bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food Insecurity and Obesogenic Maternal Infant Feeding Styles and Practices in Low-Income Families
Authors: Gross Rachel S. , Mendelsohn Alan L. , Fierman Arthur H. , Racine Andrew D. , Messito Mary Jo 
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVES:
We explored the relationship between household food insecurity and maternal feeding styles, infant feeding practices, and perceptions and attitudes about infant weight in low-income mothers.

METHODS:
Mothers participating in the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children with infants aged between 2 weeks and 6 months were interviewed. By using regression analyses, the following relationships were examined between food insecurity and: (1) controlling feeding styles (restrictive and pressuring); (2) infant feeding practices, including breastfeeding, juice consumption, and adding cereal to the bottle; and (3) perceptions and attitudes about infant weight. Path analysis was used to determine if perceptions and attitudes about infant weight mediated the relationships between food insecurity and controlling feeding styles.

RESULTS:
The sample included 201 mother–infant pairs, with 35% reporting household food insecurity. Food-insecure mothers were more likely to exhibit restrictive (B [SE]: 0.18 [0.08]; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02–0.34) and pressuring (B [SE]: 0.11 [0.06]; 95% CI: 0.001–0.22) feeding styles compared with food-secure mothers. No associations were found with feeding practices. Concern for their infant becoming overweight in the future was associated with food insecurity (adjusted odds ratio: 2.11 [95% CI: 1.02–4.38]). This concern mediated the relationship between food insecurity and both restrictive (P = .009) and pressuring (P = .01) feeding styles.

CONCLUSIONS:
Increased concern about future overweight and controlling feeding styles represent potential mechanisms by which food insecurity could be related to obesity. Obesity prevention should aim to decrease food insecurity and to reduce controlling feeding styles in families who remain food insecure.
The Prevalence and Course of Idiopathic Toe-Walking in 5-Year-Old Children
Authors: Engström Pähr , Tedroff Kristina 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND:Children walking on their toes instead of with a typical gait, without evidence of an underlying medical condition, are defined as idiopathic toe-walkers. The prevalence of idiopathic toe-walking is unknown.METHODS:A cross-sectional prevalence study of 5.5-year-old children (n = 1436) living in Blekinge County, Sweden, was performed at the regular 5.5-year visit to the local child welfare center. Children were assessed for a history of toe-walking or whether they still walked on their toes. Additionally, all 5.5-year-old children (n = 35) admitted to the clinic for children with special needs in the county were assessed.RESULTS:Of the 1436 children in the cohort (750 boys, 686 girls), 30 children (2.1%, 20 boys and 10 girls) still walked on their toes at age 5.5 years and were considered as active toe-walkers. Forty children (2.8%, 22 boys and 18 girls) had previously walked on their toes but had stopped before the 5.5-year visit and were considered as inactive toe-walkers. At age 5.5 years, the total prevalence of toe-walking was 70 (4.9%) of 1436. For children with a neuropsychiatric diagnosis or developmental delay, the total prevalence for active or inactive toe-walking was 7 (41.2%) of 17.CONCLUSIONS:This study establishes the prevalence and- early spontaneous course of idiopathic toe-walking in 5.5-year-old children. At this age, more than half of the children have spontaneously ceased to walk on their toes. The study confirms earlier findings that toe-walking has a high prevalence among children with a cognitive disorder.
Correlative Microscopy Study of FIB Patterned Stainless Steel Surfaces as Novel Nano-Structured Stents for Cardiovascular Applications
Authors: Schmidt Michael , Nazneen Feroze , Herzog Gregoire , Arrigan Damien , Galvin Paul , Dickinson Calum , de Silva Johann P , Scanlan Declan , O’Hara Neal , Cross Graham L W , Petkov Nikolay , Holmes Justin D 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTCoronary artery disease is a major problem worldwide causing 7.2 million deaths worldwide annually, resulting from vascular occlusion, myocardial infarction and its complications. Stent implantation is a percutaneous interventional procedure that mitigates vessel stenosis, providing mechanical support within the artery. However, stenting causes physical damage to the arterial wall. It is well accepted that a valuable route to reduce in-stent re-stenosis can be based on promoting cell response to nano-structured stainless steel (SS) surfaces such as, for example, by patterning nano-pits in SS. In this regard patterning by Focussed Ion-Beam (FIB) milling offers several advantages for flexible prototyping (i) practically any substrate material that is able to withstand high vacuum conditions of the microscope chamber can be used, (ii) there is high flexibility in the obtainable shapes and geometries by modulating the ion beam current and the patterning conditions, (iii) reduced complexity of the pattering process e.g. it is a single-step process with a possibility of real-time monitoring of the milling progression. On the other hand FIB patterning of polycrystalline metals is greatly influenced by channelling effects and re-deposition. Correlative microscopy methods present an opportunity to study such effects comprehensively and derive structure-property understanding that is important for developing improved pattering. In this report we present a FIB patterning protocol for nano-structuring features (concaves) ordered in rectangular arrays on pre-polished 316L Stainless Steel (SS) surfaces. An investigation based on correlative microscopy approach of the size, shape and depth of the developed arrays in relation to the crystal orientation of the underlying SS domains, is presented. The correlative microscopy protocol is based on cross-correlation of top-view Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).Various dose tests were performed, aiming at improved productivity by preserving nano-size accuracy of the patterned process. The optimal FIB patterning conditions for achieving reasonably high throughput (patterned rate of about 0.03 mm2 per hour) and nano-size accuracy in dimensions and shapes of the features, are discussed as well.
Nano-Biohybrid Light-Harvesting Systems for Solar Energy Applications
Authors: An Woo-Jin , Co-Reyes Jessica , Shah Vivek B. , Wang Wei-Ning , Orf Gregory S. , Blankenship Robert E. , Biswas Pratim 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTAll photosynthetic organisms contain light-harvesting antenna complexes and electron transfer complexes called reaction centers. Some photosynthetic bacteria contain large (~100 MDa) peripheral antenna complexes known as chlorosomes. Chlorosomes lose their reaction center when they are extracted from organisms. Lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) were used for artificial reaction centers. Successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) allows different sizes of PbS QDs with different cycles to be easily deposited onto the nanostructured columnar titanium dioxide (TiO2) film with single crystal. Chlorosomes were sequentially deposited onto the PbS QDs surface by electrospray. Compared to the typical PbS QD sensitized solar cells, overall energy conversion efficiency increased with the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect between PbS QDs and chlorosomes.
Modification of optical response in quantum dots embedded in a photonic crystal waveguide via photonic band engineering
Authors: Ozaki Nobuhiko , Yoneda Hayato , Takeuchi Koichi , Oda Hisaya , Ikeda Naoki , Sugimoto Yoshimasa , Watanabe Yoshinori , Asakawa Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTWe propose to use Purcell effect emerged at slow light regions in photonic crystal waveguide (PC-WG) modes for controlling the relaxation time of excited carriers in QDs. Straight GaAs PC-WGs including InAs-QDs with various lattice constants of PC were prepared in order to control the wavelength of the slow light in the PC-WG modes. PL measurements of the PC-WGs indicated enhancements of emission from QDs at the localized wavelength of slow light regions due to the Purcell effect. The enhanced emission peak wavelength was continuously shifted with the PC lattice constant. These results suggest that the PC-WG can be utilized to modify the spontaneous emission rate and carrier relaxation time of the embedded QD. This modification can be applied and useful for various QD-based optical devices as well as our proposed all-optical switching device based on PC-WG/QD.
A Phase Field Model of Solid Electrolyte Interface Formation in Lithium-ion Batteries
Authors: Deng Jie , Wagner Gregory J. , Muller Richard P. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTA phase field model is developed to investigate the formation of a solid electrolyte interface layer on the anode surface in lithium-ion batteries. Numerical results show that the growth of solid electrolyte interface exhibits power-law scaling with respect to time, and the growth rate depends on various factors such as temperature, diffusivity of electrons, and rates of electrochemical reactions.
Nano-Sized Lithium Manganese Phosphate/Carbon Nanotube Composites with Enhanced Electrochemical Activity for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Tsumeda Satoru , Korlann Scott D. , Suematsu Shunzo , Tamamitsu Kenji 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTOlivine lithium manganese phosphate, LiMnPO4 is a promising cathode material for high energy and safe lithium ion batteries. However, LiMnPO4 possesses excessively poor electrochemical activity, compared to conventional cathode materials. To enhance the electrochemical activity, we have synthesized LiMnPO4/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites by employing an in-situ sol-gel method. The LiMnPO4/MWCNT composites were investigated by utilizing X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling. The LiMnPO4 showed a particle size of ca. 50 nm and capacity of 102 mAh/g at 0.1 C without C.V. charging mode. This study demonstrated that the electrochemical activity of LiMnPO4 was significantly affected by not only pH and the amount of a chelating agent but also unreacted Mn2+. This is the first report analyzing the existence and effects of unreacted Mn2+ in LiMnPO4 synthesized by a sol-gel method.
Synthesis and Patterning of Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites Using Femtosecond Laser-assisted Processing
Authors: DeJournett Travis J. , Spicer James B. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTWe describe a scalable synthesis process for the production and patterning of polymer matrix nanocomposites (PMNCs) using femtosecond laser irradiation to target specific functional behaviors. A modified, in situ chemical vapor deposition (CVD), nanoinfusion process was used to nucleate and grow nanoparticles in the bulk of an optically transparent polytetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene (FEP) polymer matrix. Metallic nanoparticles synthesized with this process can have a strong optical absorption at their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) frequency and we have utilized this property to selectively irradiate and pattern nanocomposites via femtosecond, photothermal heating. If the nanoparticle environment includes species used for chemical vapor deposition, the heat causes a localized decomposition of the precursor species in the immediate vicinity of the nanoparticle leading to a variety of core-shell nanostructures. Using this processing scheme, we have grown shells of tungsten oxide around silver nanoparticles within the polymer matrix resulting in a 40 nm red shift in the SPR of the silver nanoparticles in regions of the material exposed to femtosecond laser pulses. This process has also been adapted to polymers containing tungsten oxide nanoparticles so that the photocatalytic behavior of the particles could be used to the decompose precursor species in the immediate vicinity of the irradiated nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that, by using optical masks and laser processing, it is possible to synthesize nanocomposites with a high degree of control over the location, composition, size, and distribution of nanoparticles within a polymer matrix resulting in patterned materials with tailored electrical, optical, and photocatalytic properties.
Antibacterial activity by nanosilver particles
Authors: Sotiriou Georgios A. , Pratsinis Sotiris E. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe antibacterial activity of nanosilver against Gram negative Escherichia coli bacteria is investigated by immobilizing nanosilver on nanostructured silica particles and closely controlling Ag content and size. These Ag/SiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by S/TEM, EDX spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction. The antibacterical activity of these composite samples was investigated for a constant composite particle concentration. The highest activity was observed for the higher silver content particles.
Reducing solvent evaporation rates for the detachment of anodic TiO2 nanotubular membranes
Authors: Liu Guohua , Hoivik Nils , Wang Kaiying , Jakobsen Henrik 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a simple process to fabricate free of disorder nanostructures, large area, flat and mechanically robust free-standing TiO2 nanotube (TNT) membranes was developed. Self-organized TNTs with ultrahigh aspect ratio (∼2000) were fabricated via anodization of Ti foil in fluorine containing ethylene glycol. Then by controlling the evaporation rate of rinsing solvent on the as-anodized TNT films in atmosphere, large area TNT membranes were self-detached uniformly from the metallic Ti substrate during the drying process. These free-standing membranes may exhibit many potential applications for optoelectronic devices.
Survival Following Surgery with or without Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage I–IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An East Asian Population-Based Study
Authors: Lin Zhong-Zhe , Shau Wen-Yi , Shao Yu-Yun , Yang Yen-Yun , Kuo Raymond Nien-Chen , Yang James Chih-Hsin , Lai Mei-Shu 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background.
Asian ethnicity is associated with a distinct molecular etiology, treatment response, and survival outcome among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study examines the survival impact of platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy for Asian patients with stage I–IIIA NSCLC.

Methods.
This study recruited patients aged ≥18 years with histologically proven stage IA–IIIA NSCLC registered in the Taiwan Cancer Registry database in January 2004 to December 2007. Platinum-containing adjuvant chemotherapy had to be started within 90 days of the primary surgery. Kaplan–Meier survival curves, log-rank tests, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to assess the influence of various risk factors on survival time.

Results.
This study included 2,231 patients with stage IA–IIIA NSCLC who underwent primary surgery with a clear surgical margin. The percentages of all causes of death were significantly lower for the chemotherapy group for both stage II and stage IIIA patients. Multivariate analysis identified platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy as an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival outcome of stage II (hazard ratio [HR], 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39–0.94; p = .024) and IIIA (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52–0.96; p = .029) patients. Among these patients, those who received adjuvant chemotherapy had a superior overall survival outcome for both genders, for the subgroup of patients aged ≥70 years, and for those with adenocarcinoma.

Conclusion.
Platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered in the treatment plan for Asian patients with resected stage II and stage IIIA NSCLC.
Management of Unusual Histological Types of Breast Cancer
Authors: Cadoo Karen A. , McArdle Orla , O'Shea Anne-Marie , Power Colm P. , Hennessy Bryan T. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
There is increased understanding of the heterogeneity of breast tumors, with greater emphasis now being placed on histological and molecular profiles and, in particular, their implications for prognosis and therapy. This review addresses breast cancers of unusual histological subtype with an approximate incidence ≤1%. Given the rarity of these tumors, the literature contains primarily case reports, small series, and population-based studies. Data are heterogeneous and almost entirely retrospective, frequently gathered over long time periods, in the context of changing pathological techniques and reporting. In addition, our understanding of the disease biology and therapeutic context has also evolved significantly over this time. There is often limited information about the specific therapies used and the rationale for choosing such an approach. Meaningful comparisons of treatment modalities are not feasible and it is not possible to define management guidelines. Instead, this review correlates the available information to give an impression of how each subgroup behaves—of the favored surgical technique, responses to therapy, and prognosis—as well as the emerging molecular data, highlighting new research areas for potential target in clinical trials. Each tumor subtype described represents a small but real cohort of patients with breast cancer, and although inferences may be made from this review, we are mindful of the paucity of data. The management of each patient must be considered in the context of their unique clinical presentation and correlated with the evidence-based principles that apply to more common breast cancer histologies.
The Impact of Quadriceps Femoris Strength Asymmetry on Functional Performance at Return to Sport Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Schmitt Laura C. , Paterno Mark V. , Hewett Timothy E. 
Published: July 2012

Study Design Cross-sectional study. Objectives To investigate the impact of quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle strength asymmetry at the time of return to sport on self-reported function and functional performance of individuals following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Background Evidence-based QF strength guidelines for return-to-sport decision making are lacking. Objective guidelines necessitate understanding the impact of QF strength deficits at the time of return to sport on function and performance. Methods Fifty-five individuals (mean age, 17.3 years) who were cleared for return to sport following primary ACLR (ACLR group) and 35 uninjured individuals (mean age, 17.0 years) in a control group participated in the study. QF strength (maximum voluntary isometric contraction) was assessed, and the quadriceps index (QI) was calculated [(involved strength/uninvolved strength) × 100%]. The ACLR group was further subdivided into 2 groups, based on the QI: high quadriceps (QI of 90% or greater) and low quadriceps (QI of less than 85%). The International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form score was used to assess self-reported function, and hop tests were used to assess functional performance. Multivariate analysis of variance and hierarchical regression analyses were performed. Results The individuals in the ACLR group were weaker, reported worse function, and performed worse on hop tests compared to those in the control group (P<.05). The low-quadriceps group demonstrated worse performance on the hop tests compared to the high-quadriceps group and the control group (P≤.016). Hop test performance did not differ between the high-quadriceps and control groups (P≥.14). QF strength predicted performance on the hop tests beyond graft type, presence of meniscus injury, knee pain, and knee symptoms. Conclusion At the time of return to sport, individuals post-ACLR who had weaker QF (QI of less than 85%) demonstrated decreased function, whereas those with minimal QF strength deficits (QI of 90% or greater) demonstrated functional performance similar to uninjured individuals. QF strength deficits predicted hop test performance beyond the influences of graft type, presence of meniscus injury, knee pain, and knee symptoms. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(9):750–759, Epub 19 July 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.4194
Direct and Efficient Plant Regeneration from Different Explants Sources of Potato Cultivars as Influenced by Plant Growth Regulators
Authors: Dhital Shambhu P. , Lim Hak T. , Manandhar Hira K. 
Published: July 2012

Response of widely grown potato cv. Superior and newly developed cvs. Gui valley and Bora valley to plant growth regulators (PGRs) for direct plant regeneration from internode, leaf blade and petiole explants were investigated. The explants were cultured on a MS solid medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), zeatin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3). Potato cv. Superior, regenerated direct shoot without callus and root formation on MS solid medium supplemented with BAP or zeatin, proliferous roots were produced on NAA or IAA supplemented medium and only some calli were produced on GA3 supplemented medium. The regeneration response varied with different concentrations of PGRs, singly and also in combinations. In the case of combined application of PGRs, the highest shoot regeneration (75.3%) and number of shoot per explant (11.5) and number of roots per explant (7.0) were obtained from the MS solid medium supplemented with zeatin (2 mg l-1), NAA (0.1 mg l-1) and GA3 0.1 mg l-1). Among the three types of explants evaluated, internodes produced the highest number of shoots and roots for both potato cvs. Gui valley and Bora valley, and petiole produced the least number of shoots and roots. The regenerated shoots were rooted in PGRs-free MS solid medium and successfully established under glasshouse condition. Leaf, flower, and tuber morphology were identical to in vitro control and mother plants in the same conditions. This optimized regeneration system can be used for rapid shoot proliferation and also for gene transformation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6471 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 1-6
Effect of Corm Size and Varieties on Corm/Cormels Production and Vase Life of Gladiolus
Authors: Joshi KR , Gautam DM , Baral DR , Pun UK 
Published: July 2012

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of corm size and varieties on corm/cormels production and vase life of gladiolus ( Gladious grandiflorus L.) under Chitwan condition. A Field experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field at Gunjanagar VDC, Chanauli, Chitawan during November 2008 to April 2009. The experiment consisted of 12 treatment combinations laid out in two factorial Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Four sizes of corms viz. 2-3 cm, 3-4 cm, 4-5 cm and 5-6 cm and three varieties viz. American Beauty, Interpret and Yellow Summer Sunshine formed 12 treatment combinations. Laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the effect of corm size and varieties on the vase life of harvested cut spikes of gladiolus at ambient temperature at the central laboratory of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. Corm size and varieties significantly affected corm/cormels production and vase life of gladiolus. Large sized corms (5-6 cm) performed better with respect to number of daughter corms and cormels per plant. Similarly, large sized corms (5-6 cm) showed better performance with respect to postharvest behavior such as total number of florets opened/spike (11.40), days to first and 100% floret withering as compared to small sized (2-3 cm) corms. Significant variation among three varieties was observed in most of the characters. Numbers of daughter corms were found highest in Yellow Summer Sunshine while maximum numbers of cormels/plant were found in Interpret. Similarly, Interpret proved best having more number of florets opened per spike and more days needed to first and 100% floret withering.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6477 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 35-40