bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo simulation of a control for cathodic sputtering
Authors: Mohnke Andreas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSubject is a set‐up for gas pressure and discharge power regulation of a cathodic sputtering plant. It comprises two film thickness monitors and a control unit. The film thickness monitors measure the deposition rate at target and substrate level. By means of a computer the control unit calculates a quotient from the monitor data and compares it with a set value. Any change in gas pressure or discharge power leads to a deviation of the quotient from the set value. The control unit eliminates the deviation by a regulation of gas pressure or discharge power.The Monte Carlo method makes it possible to calculate the pressure dependence of the set‐sup. It was not possible to determine a relationship between discharge power and the output signal of the control unit by the used theoretical model.
Models of risk construction: some applications to climate change
Authors: Breakwell Glynis M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSocial psychological models that describe how people perceive and react to hazards are presented. A risk representation is a product of a process in which a hazard is recognized, its characteristics identified, and the probability of its negative impacts occurring are estimated. This will often include developing an explanation for how the hazard has come into being. The ‘psychometric paradigm’ as a method for examining the perceived characteristics of hazards is summarized before proceeding to outline the ‘mental models’ approach for analyzing risk representations. The role of affect (‘the affect heuristic’, anticipated regret, fear, and anger) in risk representations is explored. Evidence of the impact of individual differences (in particular, in vulnerability and self‐efficacy) upon risk reactions is analyzed. The Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF) is used to introduce the significance of social influence processes in shaping the risk representations. SARF does not specify the processes that determine substance, form, or acceptance of risk representations. The work on the effect of hazard sequences, hazard templates, and hazard negotiation on amplification processes partially rectifies this. However, there are two other theoretical approaches that have been used in this area are summarized: Social Representations Theory and Identity Processes Theory.Examples of research on climate change risk representations using these models of risk construction are presented.WIREs Clim Change2010 1 857–870 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.74This article is categorized under:Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Behavior Change and ResponsesPerceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate ChangePerceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Social Amplification/Attenuation of Climate Risks
Wavelet methods
Authors: Fryzlewicz Piotr 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis overview article motivates the use of wavelets in statistics and introduces the basic mathematics behind the construction of wavelets. Topics covered include the continuous and discrete wavelet transforms, multiresolution analysis, and the non‐decimated wavelet transform. We describe the basic mechanics of nonparametric function estimation via wavelets, emphasizing the concepts of sparsity and thresholding. A simple proof of the mean‐square consistency of the wavelet estimator is also included. The article ends with two special topics: function estimation with unbalanced Haar wavelets and variance stabilization via the Haar–Fisz transformation.WIREs Comp Stat2010 2 654–667 DOI: 10.1002/wics.124This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Density EstimationStatistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Exploratory Data AnalysisStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric MethodsApplications of Computational Statistics > Signal and Image Processing and Coding
The zebrafish:scalable in vivo modeling for systems biology
Authors: Deo Rahul C. , MacRae Calum A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe zebrafish offers a scalable vertebrate model for many areas of biologic investigation. There is substantial conservation of genetic and genomic features and, at a higher order, conservation of intermolecular networks, as well as physiologic systems and phenotypes. We highlight recent work demonstrating the extent of this homology, and efforts to develop high‐throughput phenotyping strategies suited to genetic or chemical screening on a scale compatible with in vivo validation for systems biology. We discuss the implications of these approaches for functional annotation of the genome, elucidation of multicellular processes in vivo, and mechanistic exploration of hypotheses generated by a broad range of ‘unbiased’ 'omic technologies such as expression profiling and genome‐wide association. Finally, we outline potential strategies for the application of the zebrafish to the systematic study of phenotypic architecture, disease heterogeneity and drug responses. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2011 3 335–346 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.117This article is categorized under:

Physiology > Physiology of Model Organisms
Two New Silver(I) Ammine Complexes by Displacement Reaction Between [Ag(NH3)2]+ Ions and Different Pyridine‐4,5‐Imidazoledicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Zhou Rui‐Sha , Song Jiang‐Feng , Li Yan‐Bin , Xu Chun‐Yan , Yang Xiao‐Feng 
Published: September 2010

Abstract[Ag(NH3)2]+ ions are chosen as an initial reaction precursor because of its simple displacement reaction and intrinsic arrangement as well as specific coordination directionality. Two new silver(I) ammine complexes, Ag2(NH3)HL2 (2) and Ag2(NH3)2HL3 (3), were obtained by a simple substitution reaction between [Ag(NH3)2]+ ions and pyridine‐4,5‐imidazoledicarboxylic acid [H3L2 = 2‐(3′‐pyridyl) 4,5‐imidazoledicarboxylic acid and H3L3 = 2‐(4′‐pyridyl) 4,5‐imidazoledicarboxylic acid]. Silver dimers are connected into a 2D layer and 1D chain in complexes 2 and 3, respectively. In complex 2 two kinds of displacement reactions (mono‐substituting and bis‐substituting) occurred between the ammine molecules in [Ag(NH3)2]+ ions and H3L2, however, only the mono‐substituting reaction occurs in complex 3.
Synthesis and Characterization of 3,5‐Diamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium Dinitramide
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Martin Franz A. , Mayr Norbert T. , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: September 2010

Abstract3,5‐Diamino‐1,2,4‐triazole (1, guanozol) was protonated with diluted hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, as well as perchloric acid forming 3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium chloride hemihydrate (2), 3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium nitrate (3) and 3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium perchlorate (4), respectively. In a second step 4 reacted with potassium dinitramide forming 3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium dinitramide (5) and low soluble potassium perchlorate. Compounds 2–5 were characterized by low temperature single X‐ray diffraction, IR and Raman as well as multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry. The heats of formation of 1–5 were calculated by the CBS‐4M method to be 81.1 (1), 124.7 (2), –76.1 (3), –25.2 (4) and 138.7 (5) kJ·mol–1. With these values as well as the X‐ray densities several detonation parameters were calculated using both computer codes EXPLO5.03 and EXPLO5.04. In addition, the sensitivities of 1–5 were determined by the BAM drophammer and friction tester as well as a small scale electrical discharge device.
Substituent Dependent Dimensionality in Luminescent Zinc Isophthalate Coordination Polymers Containing Bis(3‐pyridylmethyl)piperazine
Authors: Pochodylo Amy L. , LaDuca Robert L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDivalent zinc coordination polymers containing bis(3‐pyridylmethyl)piperazine (3‐bpmp) and isophthalate ligands have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. {[Zn(ip)(H3‐bpmp)]ClO4·4H2O}n (1, ip = isophthalate) has twofold parallel interpenetrated (4,4) grid cationic coordination polymer nets, with unligated perchlorate ions and intriguing infinite water molecule chains. {[Zn2(NO2ip)3(H23‐bpmp)(H2O)5]·3H2O}n (2, NO2ip = 5‐nitroisophthalate) exhibits a supramolecular lattice built from 1D chain motifs, revealing a significant dependence of topology on the steric bulk of the dicarboxylate ligand. Luminescent properties for 1 and 2 are also reported.
The 3‐methylglutaconic acidurias: what's new?
Authors: Wortmann Saskia B. , Kluijtmans Leo A. , Engelke Udo F. H. , Wevers Ron A. , Morava Eva 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe heterogeneous group of 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria (3‐MGA‐uria) syndromes includes several inborn errors of metabolism biochemically characterized by increased urinary excretion of 3‐methylglutaconic acid. Five distinct types have been recognized: 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria type I is an inborn error of leucine catabolism; the additional four types all affect mitochondrial function through different pathomechanisms. We provide an overview of the expanding clinical spectrum of the 3‐MGA‐uria types and provide the newest insights into the underlying pathomechanisms. A diagnostic approach to the patient with 3‐MGA‐uria is presented, and we search for the connection between urinary 3‐MGA excretion and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Tyrosine monitoring in children with early and continuously treated phenylketonuria: results of an international practice survey
Authors: Sharman Rachael , Sullivan Karen A. , Young Ross McD. , McGill James J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractInvestigations into the biochemical markers associated with executive function (EF) impairment in children with early and continuously treated phenylketonuria (ECT‐PKU) remain largely phenylalanine‐only focused, despite experimental data showing that a high phenylalanine:tyrosine (phe:tyr) ratio is more strongly associated with EF deficit than phe alone. A high phe:tyr ratio is hypothesized to lead to a reduction in dopamine synthesis within the brain, which in turn results in the development of EF impairment. This paper provides a snapshot of current practice in the monitoring and/or treatment of tyrosine levels in children with PKU, across 12 countries from Australasia, North America and Europe. Tyrosine monitoring in this population has increased over the last 5 years, with over 80% of clinics surveyed reporting routine monitoring of tyrosine levels in infancy alongside phe levels. Twenty‐five percent of clinics surveyed reported actively treating/managing tyrosine levels (with supplemental tyrosine above that contained in PKU formulas) to ensure tyrosine levels remain within normal ranges. Anecdotally, supplemental tyrosine has been reported to ameliorate symptoms of both attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and depression in this population. EF assessment of children with ECT‐PKU was likewise highly variable, with 50% of clinics surveyed reporting routine assessments of intellectual function. However when function was assessed, test instruments chosen tended towards global measures of IQ prior to school entry, rather than specific assessment of EF development. Further investigation of the role of tyrosine and its relationship with phe and EF development is needed to establish whether routine tyrosine monitoring and increased supplementation is recommended.
Nanospiral Formation by Droplet Drying: One Molecule at a Time
Authors: Wan Lei , Li Li , Mao Guangzhao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe have created nanospirals by self-assembly during droplet evaporation. The nanospirals, 60–70 nm in diameter, formed when solvent mixtures of methanol and m-cresol were used. In contrast, spin coating using only methanol as the solvent produced epitaxial films of stripe nanopatterns and using only m-cresol disordered structure. Due to the disparity in vapor pressure between the two solvents, droplets of m-cresol solution remaining on the substrate serve as templates for the self-assembly of carboxylic acid molecules, which in turn allows the visualization of solution droplet evaporation one molecule at a time.
Enhanced Specificity of Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction via CdTe Quantum Dots
Authors: Liang Gaofeng , Ma Chao , Zhu Yanliang , Li Shuchun , Shao Youhua , Wang Yong , Xiao Zhongdang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNanoparticles were recently reported to be able to improve both efficiency and specificity in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Here, CdTe QDs were introduced into multi-PCR systems. It was found that an appropriate concentration of CdTe QDs could enhance the performance of multi-PCR by reducing the formation of nonspecific products in the complex system, but an excessive amount of CdTe QDs could suppress the PCR. The effects of QDs on PCR can be reversed by increasing the polymerase concentration or by adding bovine serum albumin (BSA). The mechanisms underlying these effects were also discussed. The results indicated that CdTe QDs could be used to optimize the amplification products of the PCR, especially in the multi-PCR system with different primers annealing temperatures, which is of great significance for molecular diagnosis.
Giant Persistent Photoconductivity of the WO3 Nanowires in Vacuum Condition
Authors: Huang Kai , Zhang Qing 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
A giant persistent photoconductivity (PPC) phenomenon has been observed in vacuum condition based on a single WO3 nanowire and presents some interesting results in the experiments. With the decay time lasting for 1 × 104 s, no obvious current change can be found in vacuum, and a decreasing current can be only observed in air condition. When the WO3 nanowires were coated with 200 nm SiO2 layer, the photoresponse almost disappeared. And the high bias and high electric field effect could not reduce the current in vacuum condition. These results show that the photoconductivity of WO3 nanowires is mainly related to the oxygen adsorption and desorption, and the semiconductor photoconductivity properties are very weak. The giant PPC effect in vacuum condition was caused by the absence of oxygen molecular. And the thermal effect combining with oxygen re-adsorption can reduce the intensity of PPC.
Atomic Force Microscopy Study of Protein–Protein Interactions in the Cytochrome CYP11A1 (P450scc)-Containing Steroid Hydroxylase System
Authors: Ivanov YD , Frantsuzov PA , Zöllner A , Medvedeva NV , Archakov AI , Reinle W , Bernhardt R 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) were used for monitoring of the procedure for cytochrome CYP11A1 monomerization in solution without phospholipids. It was shown that the incubation of 100 μM CYP11A1 with 12% Emulgen 913 in 50 mM KP, pH 7.4, for 10 min at T = 22°C leads to dissociation of hemoprotein aggregates to monomers with the monomerization degree of (82 ± 4)%. Following the monomerization procedure, CYP11A1 remained functionally active. AFM was employed to detect and visualize the isolated proteins as well as complexes formed between the components of the cytochrome CYP11A1-dependent steroid hydroxylase system. Both Ad and AdR were present in solution as monomers. The typical heights of the monomeric AdR, Ad and CYP11A1 images were measured by AFM and were found to correspond to the sizes 1.6 ± 0.2 nm, 1.0 ± 0.2 nm and 1.8 ± 0.2 nm, respectively. The binary Ad/AdR and AdR/CYP11A1mon complexes with the heights 2.2 ± 0.2 nm and 2.8 ± 0.2 nm, respectively, were registered by use of AFM. The Ad/CYP11A1mon complex formation reaction was kinetically characterized based on optical biosensor data. In addition, the ternary AdR/Ad/CYP11A1 complexes with a typical height of 4 ± 1 nm were AFM registered.
Brief report: The impact of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms on academic performance in an adolescent community sample
Authors: Birchwood James , Daley Dave 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTLess is understood about the relationship between ADHD symptoms and academic performance in adolescents than the relationship in younger children. As such, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prospective relationship between ADHD symptoms and academic performance in a community adolescent sample. Three hundred and twenty‐four participants, aged 15 and 16, in their final year of compulsory education, completed measures of ADHD, anxiety, depression, and motivation, and a test of general cognitive ability. Participants were also asked for permission for their academic grades to be viewed on a later occasion (approximately 6 months later). In regression analyses, ADHD symptoms were the most significant independent psychopathological predictor of academic performance, and were almost as significant as motivation and cognitive ability. The results suggest that adolescents with more ADHD symptoms are likely to encounter greater academic difficulties.
Phosphoproteomics in cancer
Authors: Harsha H.C. , Pandey Akhilesh 
Published: September 2010

AbstractReversible protein phosphorylation serves as a basis for regulating a number of cellular processes. Aberrant activation of kinase signaling pathways is commonly associated with several cancers. Recent developments in phosphoprotein/phosphopeptide enrichment strategies and quantitative mass spectrometry have resulted in robust pipelines for high‐throughput characterization of phosphorylation in a global fashion. Today, it is possible to profile site‐specific phosphorylation events on thousands of proteins in a single experiment. The potential of this approach is already being realized to characterize signaling pathways that govern oncogenesis. In addition, chemical proteomic strategies have been used to unravel targets of kinase inhibitors, which are otherwise difficult to characterize. This review summarizes various approaches used for analysis of the phosphoproteome in general, and protein kinases in particular, highlighting key cancer phosphoproteomic studies.
Financialised Capitalism Soviet Style? Varieties of State Capture and Crisis
Authors: Visser Oane , Kalb Don 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLooking for new ways to interpret the failings of the neo-liberal economy, this article argues that financialised capitalism at the eve of the 2008 financial crisis showed striking analogies with the characteristic combination of oligopoly and informality of the Soviet economy at the eve of its collapse. State capture by oligopolists, a large "virtual economy", the inability of agencies to obtain insight into economic and financial operations, the short term orientations of managers not coinciding with enterprise viability, and a "mystification of risk" by high science are some of the analogies to be discussed. It is argued that not only the origins but also the aftermath of the crisis may show significant analogies.
Producing Textbook Sociology
Authors: Manza Jeff , Sauder Michael , Wright Nathan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe conservative role of the textbook in reproducing the dominant ideas of a disciplinary field is well known. The factors driving that content have remained almost entirely unexamined. Reviewing the universe of textbooks aimed at the American market between 1998 and 2004, we explore the persistence of the identification in American sociology textbooks of a paradigm in which structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism are used to frame the theoretical core of the discipline. We examine how over time the textbook market produces both supply and demand pressures to reproduce content that is at odds with the mainstream of the profession. We draw upon in-depth interviews with recent textbook authors and their editors.
High-oleic rapeseed (canola) and flaxseed oils modulate serum lipids and inflammatory biomarkers in hypercholesterolaemic subjects
Authors: Gillingham Leah G. , Gustafson Jennifer A. , Han Song-Yee , Jassal Davinder S. , Jones Peter J. H. 
Published: September 2010

Recently, novel dietary oils with modified fatty acid profiles have been manufactured to improve fatty acid intakes and reduce CVD risk. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of novel high-oleic rapeseed (canola) oil (HOCO), alone or blended with flaxseed oil (FXCO), on circulating lipids and inflammatory biomarkersv.a typical Western diet (WD). Using a randomised, controlled, crossover trial, thirty-six hypercholesterolaemic subjects consumed three isoenergetic diets for 28 d each containing approximately 36 % energy from fat, of which 70 % was provided by HOCO, FXCO or WD. Dietary fat content of SFA, MUFA, PUFAn-6 andn-3 was 6, 23, 5, 1 % energy for HOCO; 6, 16, 5, 7·5 % energy for FXCO; 11·5, 16, 6, 0·5 % energy for WD. After 28 d, compared with WD, LDL-cholesterol was reduced 15·1 % (P < 0·001) with FXCO and 7·4 % (P < 0·001) with HOCO. Total cholesterol (TC) was reduced 11 % (P < 0·001) with FXCO and 3·5 % (P = 0·002) with HOCO compared with WD. Endpoint TC differed between FXCO and HOCO (P < 0·05). FXCO consumption reduced HDL-cholesterol by 8·5 % (P < 0·001) and LDL:HDL ratio by 7·5 % (P = 0·008)v.WD. FXCO significantly decreased E-selectin concentration compared with WD (P = 0·02). No differences were observed in inflammatory markers after the consumption of HOCO compared with WD. In conclusion, consumption of novel HOCO alone or when blended with flaxseed oil is cardioprotective through lipid-lowering effects. The incorporation of flaxseed oil may also target inflammation by reducing plasma E-selectin.
Efficacy of various dietary calcium salts to improve intestinal resistance toSalmonellainfection in rats
Authors: ten Bruggencate Sandra J. M. , Snel Johannes , Schoterman Margriet H. C. , Ertmann Ellen , van der Meulen Esther , Schonewille Arjan , Bovee-Oudenhoven Ingeborg M. J. 
Published: September 2010

Previous animal and human studies have shown protective effects of Ca on the resistance to enteropathogenic infections. Most interventions were performed with calcium phosphate and little is known about the protective effect of other dietary sources of Ca. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of several Ca salts to enhance intestinal resistance toSalmonella enteritidisinfection. Rats (n7–8 per group) were fed a high-fat, Western human-style, purified diet with a low Ca content (20 mmol calcium phosphate/kg; negative control group) or the same diet supplemented with either (extra) calcium phosphate, milk Ca, calcium chloride or calcium carbonate (total of 100 mmol Ca supplement/kg). Diets contained Cr-EDTA for assessment of incremental changes in intestinal permeability. After an adaptation period of 2 weeks, animals were orally infected withS. enteritidisto mimic a human-relevant foodborne infection. Ca supplement-induced changes on faecal lactobacilli and enterobacteria were studied before infection. Changes in intestinal permeability were determined by measuring urinary Cr with time. Persistence ofSalmonellawas determined by studying faecal excretion of this pathogen in time. Overall, all Ca salts increased resistance towardsSalmonella. After infection, body weight gain and food intake were higher in the calcium phosphate group. Calcium phosphate and milk Ca decreased faecal enterobacteria before infection. All Ca salts decreased infection-induced intestinal permeability and persistence ofSalmonella. Calcium phosphate, milk Ca, calcium carbonate and calcium chloride are able to enhance the intestinal resistance toSalmonellain rats.