bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor subunits in zinc‐mediated modification of CA1 long‐term potentiation in the developing hippocampus
Authors: Takeda Atsushi , Itagaki Kosuke , Ando Masaki , Oku Naoto 
Published: November 2011

AbstractZinc is an endogenous N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker. It is possible that zinc‐mediated modification of hippocampal CA1 long‐term potentiation (LTP) is linked to the expression of NMDA receptor subunits, which varies with postnatal development. In the present study, the effect of ZnCl2 and CaEDTA, a membrane‐impermeable zinc chelator, on CA1 LTP induction was examined in hippocampal slices from immature (3‐week‐old) and young (6‐week‐old) rats. Tetanus (10–100 Hz, 1 sec)‐induced CA1 LTP was more greatly enhanced in 3‐week‐old rats. CA1 LTP was inhibited in the presence of 2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovalerate (APV), an NMDA receptor antagonist, and CaEDTA in 3‐week‐old rats, as in the case of 6‐week‐old rats reported previously. In 3‐week‐old rats, on the other hand, 5 μM ZnCl2 attenuated NMDA receptor‐mediated EPSPs more than in 6‐week‐old rats and significantly attenuated CA1 LTP. Moreover, 5 μM ZnCl2 significantly attenuated CA1 LTP in the presence of (2R,4S)‐4‐(3‐phosphonopropyl)‐2‐piperidinecarboxylic acid (PPPA), an NR2A antagonist, in 3‐week‐old rats, but not that in the presence of ifenprodil, an NR2B antagonist, suggesting that zinc‐mediated attenuation of CA1 LTP is associated with the preferential expression of NR2B subunit in 3‐week‐old rats. In 6‐week‐old rats, however, 5 μM ZnCl2 significantly potentiated CA1 LTP and also CA1 LTP in the presence of PPPA. The present study demonstrates that endogenous zinc may participate in the induction of CA1 LTP. It is likely that the changes in expression of NMDA receptor subunits are involved in the zinc‐mediated modification of CA1 LTP in the developing hippocampus. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minocycline‐induced reduction of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor expression in relation to cancer‐induced bone pain in rats
Authors: Wang Li‐na , Yang Jian‐ping , Zhan Ying , Ji Fu‐hai , Wang Xiu‐yun , Zuo Jian‐ling , Xu Qi‐nian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that the release of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from microglia in spinal cord is necessary for maintaining pain hypersensitivity after nerve injury. However, little is known about its role in cancer‐induced bone pain (CIBP), which is in some ways unique. This study demonstrates a critical role of minocycline (a potent inhibitor of microglial activation)‐modulated BDNF in the induction and maintenance of behavioral hypersensitivity in a rat model of CIBP. We assessed mechanical threshold and spontaneous pain of CIBP rats. Moreover, minocycline was administered intrathecally from day 4 to day 6 (early stage) or from day 10 to day 12 (later stage), after carcinoma cell inoculation. Real‐time PCR, Western blots, and double immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of OX‐42 (marker of activated microglia), phosphorylated p38‐MAPK (p‐p38), and BDNF. We found that intrathecal minocycline could prevent CIBP at an early stage of tumor growth (from day 4 to day 6). However, at the late stage (from day 10 to day 12), intrathecal minocycline had no effect. Moreover, the expression of OX‐42 and BDNF under CIBP, peaking on day 6, were all reduced after minocycline injection from day 4 to day 6. The ability of minocycline‐induced reduction of BDNF in the induction of behavioral hypersensitivity could provide an opportunity for alleviating CIBP. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contrasting patterns of precipitation seasonality during the Holocene in the south‐ and north‐central Mediterranean
Authors: Magny Michel , Peyron Odile , Sadori Laura , Ortu Elena , Zanchetta Giovanni , Vannière Boris , Tinner Willy 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPollen‐based quantitative estimates of seasonal precipitation from Lake Pergusa and lake‐level data from Lake Preola in Sicily (southern Italy) allow three successive periods to be distinguished within the Holocene: an early Holocene period before ca. 9800 cal a BP with rather dry climate conditions in winter and summer, a mid‐Holocene period between ca. 9800 and 4500 cal a BP with maximum winter and summer wetness, and a late Holocene period after 4500 cal a BP with declining winter and summer wetness. This evolution observed in the south‐central Mediterranean shows strong similarities to that recognized in the eastern Mediterranean. But, it contrasts with that reconstructed in north‐central Italy, where the mid‐Holocene appears to be characterized by a winter (summer) precipitation maximum (minimum), while the late Holocene coincided with a decrease (increase) in winter (summer) precipitation. Maximum precipitation at ca. 10 000–4500 cal a BP may have resulted from (i) increased local convection in response to a Holocene insolation maximum at 10 000 cal a BP and then (ii) the gradual weakening of the Hadley cell activity, which allowed the winter rainy westerlies to reach the Mediterranean area more frequently. After 4500 cal a BP, changes in precipitation seasonality may reflect non‐linear responses to orbitally driven insolation decrease in addition to seasonal and inter‐hemispheric changes of insolation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Case of Maternal and Perinatal Death in Neolithic Southern Vietnam, c. 2100–1050 BCE
Authors: Willis Anna , Oxenham Marc F 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTDespite ostensibly elevated rates of young female mortality in the past, believed to be associated with the risks of pregnancy and child birth, surprisingly few cases of pregnant female burials are reported in the bioarchaeological literature. This paper describes and discusses the case of a young female who died and was interred with an unborn full‐term breech foetus at the Neolithic site of An Son, southern Vietnam c. 2100–1050BCE. Her exceptionally poor oral health, evidence for cribra orbitalia, linear enamel hypoplasia, small stature and compromised gynaecological competence, contributes to a differential diagnosis that explores a range of additional complications that may have contributed to the death of both mother and unborn child. An examination and appreciation of this case contribute to our knowledge of the reproductive age and health of young females in Neolithic Southern Vietnam and the challenges they faced during pregnancy and childbirth. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Green composites: An overview
Authors: Zini Elisa , Scandola Mariastella 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe use of natural fibers to reinforce polymers is a well‐established practice, and biocomposites are increasingly used in sectors such as automotive and construction. Green composites are a specific class of biocomposites, where a bio‐based polymer matrix is reinforced by natural fibers, and they represent an emerging area in polymer science. This work discusses the environmental benefits deriving from the use of natural fibers in polymer composites and from substitution of oil‐derived polymers by bio‐based polymers as matrix material. New trends in the selection of natural fibers, that is, from waste rather than from valuable crops are described. Recently developed thermoplastic and thermosetting bio‐based polymers are reviewed, and commercially available green composites obtained thereof are discussed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Rheological behavior of nanofibrillated cellulose/acrylic polymer nanocomposites: Effect of melt extrusion
Authors: Besbes Iskander , Magnin Albert , Boufi Sami 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNanocomposite films based on nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and acrylic latex were prepared by film casting and their melt rheology was investigated under dynamic conditions in both the linear and the nonlinear regimes. The addition of cellulose nanofiller increased the storage modulus G′ and the dynamic viscosities η* of the nanocomposites monotonically, with NFC contents up to 6wt%. In addition, a transition from liquid‐like to solid‐like viscoelastic behavior was observed up to 1wt% of the added NFC with a terminal plateau in the low‐frequency range. This was explained in terms of the formation of an interconnected network involving the filler. After melt extrusion, a considerable change in the rheological properties was observed, with a major downward shift in the magnitude of G′ vs. the frequencies along with an upward shift to higher strain in the linear viscoelastic range. Such a transition was attributed to the irreversible break‐down and disruption of the NFC network. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
A geometry force field which converts low‐resolution X‐ray models to structures with properties found at ultra high resolution
Authors: McMartin Colin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA geometry optimization force field was developed using ultra high‐resolution structures and tested using high‐ and low‐resolution X‐ray structures. Protein and small molecule X‐ray data was used. When applied to ultra high‐resolution structures the force field conserves the internal geometry and local strain energy. When applied to low‐resolution structures there is a small change in geometry accompanied by a large drop in local strain energy. Although optimization causes only small structural changes in low‐resolution X‐ray models, it dramatically modifies profiles for hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals contact, bonded geometry, and local strain energy, making them almost indistinguishable from those found at high resolution. Further insight into the effect of the force field was obtained by comparing geometries of homologous proteins before and after geometry optimization. Optimization causes homologous regions of structures to become similar in internal geometry and energies. Once again, the changes only require small atomic movements. These findings provide insights into the structure of molecular complexes. The new force field contains only short‐range interatomic potential functions. Its effectiveness shows that local geometries are determined by short‐range interactions which are well modeled by the force field. Potential applications of this study include detection of possible structural errors, correction of errors with minimal change in geometry, improved understanding and prediction of the effects of modifying ligands or proteins, and computational addition of structural water.
MalPEFinder: fast and retrospective assessment of data breaches in malware attacks
Authors: Liu Shun‐Te , Chen Yi‐Ming 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTA successful data breach is often caused by malware installed by attackers. In a large‐scale computer environment, it is difficult and costly for information technology managers to identify the victims and to assess the scope of the data breach when a malware attack occurs. Therefore, a quick and retrospective mechanism that can find victims is required. One such technology is Search. However, most search techniques are not designed for searching executable files; indeed, they become worse in identifying malware files because of polymorphism and/or metamorphism.In this paper, we propose a portable executable format file search mechanism, called MalPEFinder. Instead of searching malware files, this mechanism searches the malware‐related files retrospectively. Based on these files and their ownership, MalPEFinder can locate malware files on a large scale quickly. Furthermore, the possibly breached files also can be identified. A MalPEFinder prototype has been implemented on the hadoop platform in order to perform three functions: (i) searching retrospectively; (ii) protecting evidence against tampering; and (iii) dealing with future data growth. We used 72 malware to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of our system. The experimental results show that MalPEFinder has a higher detection rate as well as a lower false positive rate than the famous splunk tool. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemiresistive Sensing with Chemically Modified Metal and Alloy Nanoparticles
Authors: Ibañez Francisco J. , Zamborini Francis P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis review describes the use of chemically modified pure and alloyed metal nanoparticles for chemiresistive sensing applications. Chemically modified metal nanoparticles consist of a pure or alloyed metallic core with some type of chemical coating. Researchers have studied the electronic properties of 1D, 2D, and 3D assemblies of chemically modified metal nanoparticles, and even single individual nanoparticles. The interaction with the analyte alters the conductivity of the sensitive material, providing a signal to measure the analyte concentration. This review focuses on chemiresistive sensing of a wide variety of gas‐ and liquid‐phase analytes with metal nanoparticles coated with organothiols, ions, polymers, surfactants, and biomolecules. Different strategies used to incorporate chemically modified nanoparticles into chemiresistive sensing devices are reviewed, focusing on the different types of metal and alloy compositions, coatings, methods of assembly, and analytes (vapors, gases, liquids, biological materials), along with other important factors.
Synthesis and Characterization of Organotin Compounds of a New Schiff Base Ligand with α‐Oxoglutaric Acid Isonicotinyl Hydrazone
Authors: Li Jing , Yin Handong , Hong Min 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOrganotin compounds are a recurring motif in organometallic chemistry. The syntheses and characterization of new diorganotin compounds with α‐oxoglutaric acid isonicotinyl hydrazone are described, prepared compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, UV/Vis, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. They both have a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal arrangement, with a heptacoordinated central tin atom. Compound 1 presents a centrosymmetric dinuclear framework. Interestingly, intermolecular O–H···N and O–H···O hydrogen bonds contribute to the two‐dimensional network. Compound 2 is a simple mononuclear compound, which exhibits a rare one‐dimensional chain constructed by intermolecular O–H···Cl and N–H···O hydrogen bonds.
Synthesis and Properties of Organosilicon Quaternary Salts Surfactants
Authors: Li Junying , Zhang Qingsi , Wang Yan , Zhang Wenyu , Li Tianduo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDiethyl‐benzyl‐[3‐methyldimethoxyl)]silpropyl ammonium chloride (DEBSAC) was synthesized from N,N‐diethyl‐aminopropyl‐methyldimethoxysilane (DEAPMDES) and benzyl chloride. Diethyl‐2,3‐epoxypropyl‐[3‐methyldimethoxyl)] silpropyl ammonium chloride (DEEPSAC) was synthesized from DEAPMDES and epoxy chloropropane. Trimethyl‐[3‐methyldimethoxyl)] silpropyl ammonium chloride (TMSAC) was synthesized from trimethylamine and γ‐chloropropylmethyldimethoxysilane (CPMDMS). The products were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR. The surface tension measurements showed that the organosilicon quaternary salts exhibit a lower surface tension and a lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) than the hydrocarbon counterparts. The plate count method experiments illustrated that DEEPSAC has a better degree of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli than DEBSAC. The solubilizing effects of the organosilicon quaternary salts on organosilicone were studied by pseudo‐ternary phase diagrams of synthesized products/cosurfactant(n‐butanol)/water/octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. The solubilizing activities decreased in the order of TMSAC > DEBSAC > DEEPSAC.
European adolescents’ level of perceived stress is inversely related to their diet quality: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study
Authors: De Vriendt Tineke , Clays Els , Huybrechts Inge , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse , Moreno Luis A. , Patterson Emma , Molnár Dénes , Mesana María I. , Beghin Laurent , Widhalm Kurt , Manios Yannis , De Henauw Stefaan 
Published: November 2011

As stress is hypothesised to influence dietary behaviour, the relationship between perceived stress and diet quality in European adolescents was investigated. Within the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study, adolescents (n 704, aged 12–17 years) from schools in five European cities (Ghent, Stockholm, Zaragoza, Athens and Vienna) completed a 2 d 24 h dietary recall assessment and an Adolescent Stress Questionnaire. Measurements and information were taken on height, weight, pubertal stage, parental education level, the level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep duration. The Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A) was calculated from the dietary data, which comprised three components reflecting dietary diversity, quality and equilibrium. Hierarchical linear models were performed to investigate the relationship between the adolescents' level of perceived stress and the DQI-A and its components, adjusting for relevant covariates (age, BMI z-score, pubertal stage and parental education). These models were additionally adjusted for MVPA or sleep duration. In both boys and girls, perceived stress was a significant independent negative predictor for their overall DQI-A. This inverse relationship was observed for all dietary components, except for dietary diversity in boys, and it was unaltered when additionally adjusted for MVPA or sleep duration. The observed inverse relationship between stress and diet quality within these European adolescents supports the hypothesis that stress influences dietary behaviour, thus emphasising the need for preventive stress-coping strategies for adolescents.
Middle Jurassic turtles from the Sichuan Basin, China: a review
Authors: TONG HAIYAN , DANILOV IGOR , YE YONG , OUYANG HUI , PENG GUANGZHAO 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe turtle fauna of the Middle Jurassic Xiashaximiao Formation in the Sichuan Basin and the type series ofChengyuchelys baenoidesYoung & Chow, 1953 are revised. By the absence of a mesoplastron and other shell characters, both the holotype and paratype ofChengyuchelys baenoidesbelong to the family Xinjiangchelyidae and come probably from the Upper Jurassic Shangshaximiao Formation. The Middle Jurassic turtle assemblage of the Sichuan Basin is composed of two entities: the Bashuchelyidae fam. nov. (Bashuchelysgen. nov.,Chuannanchelysgen. nov.) andProtoxinjiangchelysgen. nov. on the one hand, andSichuanchelyson the other hand, with the former as the dominant group. Bashuchelyids and xinjiangchelyids are closely related to one another, whileSichuanchelysis more primitive and has no shared apomorphic features with bashuchelyids. The whole assemblage appears to be endemic to the Sichuan Basin at genus level and distinct from the Late Jurassic turtle fauna of the same basin in its relict nature and absence of the Polycryptodira.
Caste and power: An ethnography in West Bengal, India
Authors: ROY DAYABATI 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper explores the institution of caste and its operation in a micro-level village setting of West Bengal, an Indian state, where state politics at grass roots level is vibrant with functioning local self-government and entrenched political parties. This ethnographic study reveals that caste relations and caste identities have overarching dimensions in the day-to-day politics of the study villages. Though caste almost ceases to operate in relation to strict religious strictures, under economic compulsion the division of labour largely coincides with caste division. In the cultural–ideological field, the concept of caste-hierarchy seems to continue as an influencing factor, even in the operation of leftist politics.
Low prevalence of major depressive disorder in Taiwanese adults: possible explanations and implications
Authors: Liao S.-C. , Chen W. J. , Lee M.-B. , Lung F.-W. , Lai T.-J. , Liu C.-Y. , Lin C.-Y. , Yang M.-J. , Chen C.-C. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundThis study examined the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), and the correlations and co-morbid conditions associated with MDD, in the adult Taiwanese population, which a previous estimate in the 1980s had found to be at the lower end of the spectrum worldwide. Possible explanations for the reported low prevalence of MDD were evaluated.MethodAs part of a survey of common psychiatric disorders in a nationally representative sample of individuals aged ⩾18 years who were non-institutionalized civilians in Taiwan, a face-to-face interview using the paper version of the World Mental Health Survey of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI) was conducted between 2003 and 2005. Functional impairment and help-seeking behaviors were compared between Taiwanese subjects with MDD and their counterparts in the USA.ResultsAmong the 10 135 respondents, the lifetime prevalence of MDD was 1.20% [standard error (s.e.)=0.2%]. Individuals who were divorced or widowed, aged ⩽40 years, and female were at increased risk, whereas rural residents were at lower risk for MDD. The proportion of MDD cases co-morbid with other psychiatric disorders in this study was much lower than in the US study. Only one-third of Taiwanese individuals with MDD sought help despite having twice the number of lost workdays compared with the US sample.ConclusionsDespite the low prevalence of MDD in Taiwanese adults, the pattern of low help-seeking behavior and profound functional impairment indicates much room for improvement in the early detection of and intervention in major depression in this population.
La géographie du vieillissement au Canada atlantique: une analyse sous l’angle des disparités territoriales au cours de la période 1981–2006
Authors: Simard Majella 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTFollowing the example of other Canadian provinces, those in Atlantic Canada are affected, albeit to a lesser degree, by the increase in the number of persons aged 65 or over, a trend that we can define as gerontogrowth. In addition, this region of Canada seems particularly affected by the trend of an aging population, that is, the rise in the proportion of people in the total population aged 65 or more. For example, on a national scale, New Brunswick is the third oldest province according to the last five-year period (2001–2006), having advanced from the fourth position it held between 1981 and 2001 and from the fifth position occupied between 1971 and 1981. In addition, these trends evolve in different manners in different places, contrasts that are strongest at the regional and local level. The goal of this article is to examine the strength of these disparities during the period 1981 to 2006 and to identify some potential solutions for a territorial development strategy for seniors.