bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of poly(2‐hydroxyethylme thacrylate)‐b‐P(N‐phenylmaleimide)‐ZnO and poly(2‐hydroxy ethylmethacrylate)‐b‐P(styrene)‐ ZnO micro/nanostructures: micro/nanocomposite particles with core‐shell morphology
Authors: Pizarro Guadalupe del C. , Marambio Oscar G. , Jeria‐Orell Manuel , Rivas Bernabé L. , Habicher Wolf D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe present work reports the incorporation of the ZnO doped diblock copolymer matrix and its conversion into a self‐assembled structure. The diblock P(HEMA)80‐b‐P(N‐PhMI)20 and P(HEMA)90‐b‐P(St)10 copolymers consist of a majority (HEMA) and minority (N‐PhMI or St) block. The copolymers were synthesized with a block repeat unit ratio by atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a poly(2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate)‐Cl/CuBr/bipyridine initiating system. The P(HEMA)‐Cl was prepared by reverse ATRP1. The average theoretical number molecular weight (Mn,th) was calculated from the feed capacity. The composite of the inorganic nanoparticles was achieved at room temperature in the liquid phase, using ZnCl2 precursor dopant and wet chemical processing to convert to ZnO nanoparticle films. Thermal characterization was performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The proton/area relationship confirmed the block copolymer compositions calculated by elemental analysis, consisting of a majority and minority blocks. Morphology properties of the polymer samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microphotographs of the film's surfaces show that the film's upper surfaces were generally smooth with ordered structure morphology. FT‐IR spectroscopy confirmed the association of the ZnCl2 precursor with the majority block and the formation of ZnO, the white SEM showed the morphology of ZnO nanoparticles' films when the surface relief changes principally due to surface loss rather than its orientation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thiotepa/topotecan/carboplatin with autologous stem cell rescue in recurrent/refractory/poor prognosis pediatric malignancies of the central nervous system
Authors: Gilheeney Stephen W. , Khakoo Yasmin , Souweidane Mark , Wolden Suzanne , Boulad Farid , Dunkel Ira J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundThiotepa and carboplatin are known to be active in central nervous system tumors. Topotecan potentiates the anti‐cancer effects of alkylators and crosses the blood–brain barrier. We present ten patients with recurrent or progressive central nervous system malignancies treated on a myeloablative regimen using these drugs.MethodsTreatment included: Thiotepa 300 mg/m2 on days −8, −7, and −6; topotecan 2 mg/m2 on days −8, −7, −6, −5, and −4; and carboplatin ∼500 mg/m2 (Calvert formula—area under the curve = 7) on days −5, −4, and −3. Stem cell rescue was on day 0.ResultsAge at study entry ranged from 2.5 to 20 years old (median age 8.7 years). Five had medulloblastoma (MB), four had high grade glioma (HGG), and one had trilateral retinoblastoma/pineoblastoma (tRB/PB). Prior treatment for all patients included surgery and chemotherapy (1–7 regimens, median 2). Nine patients received radiotherapy; one patient did not receive radiotherapy pre‐study. Three patients had residual disease at the time of transplant. There were two toxic deaths. Four patients are event‐free survivors at a median of 6 years (range 2.8–7.6 years) after treatment including 2/5 MB patients, 1/4 HGG patients, and the tRB/PB patient. Four of the seven patients with no evidence of disease/minimal residual disease status at the time of stem cell rescue are long‐term survivors versus 1/3 with measurable disease.ConclusionThiotepa/topotecan/carboplatin may help consolidate remission of poor prognosis pediatric central nervous system tumors. Diagnosis and extent of disease prior to stem cell rescue may have an impact on outcome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:591–595. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pseudometastasis secondary to histoplasmosis infection: False‐positive PET/CT findings
Authors: Perko Ross , Messinger Yoav , Moertel Christopher 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPositron emission computed tomography (PET)/CT is a common modality used in the workup of neoplastic conditions. However, false‐positive results may be produced by underlying infectious processes. We report two cases of false‐positive PET/CT studies secondary to histoplasmosis infections in both a pediatric and a young adult patient. After the diagnoses, one patient was observed with no therapy and the other received a complete course of itraconazole. In both cases biopsy results were positive for fungal elements consistent with histoplasmosis. Both patients were successfully managed and have had follow‐up histoplasmosis titers that reveal resolving infections. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:621–623. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mefloquine prescriptions in the presence of contraindications: prevalence among US military personnel deployed to Afghanistan, 2007
Authors: Nevin Remington L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPurposeContraindications to mefloquine use include a history of certain prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders, which are thought to increase the risk of severe adverse events including anxiety, paranoia, depression, hallucinations, psychosis, and possibly suicide. Within the US military, the continued availability and use of mefloquine is subject to administrative policies dating to 2002 that require clinicians to exercise added caution during prescribing. This analysis was performed to quantify the effectiveness of these policies in ensuring health care provider compliance with package insert prescribing guidance.MethodsA previously identified cohort consisting of 11 725 active duty US military personnel, among whom 1127 (9.6%) had contraindications to mefloquine use identified through medical surveillance and pharmaceutical databases, was examined to identify individuals receiving prescriptions for mefloquine in the 45 days prior to a combat deployment in 2007.ResultsAmong the 11 725 cohort members, 4505 (38.4% of the cohort) received a prescription for mefloquine. Among the 1127 cohort members with contraindications, 155 (1.3% of the cohort) were prescribed mefloquine, comprising 13.8% of those with contraindications.ConclusionsDespite the longstanding administrative policies meant to reduce such events, approximately one in seven individuals with neuropsychiatric contraindications received a prescription for mefloquine prior to a recent combat deployment, significantly increasing the risk of subsequent adverse events. Given the prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders among US military personnel and the continued availability of mefloquine, additional study is recommended to describe and quantify the nature and extent of mefloquine‐associated adverse events experienced among this group. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thiazolidinediones and the risk of incident strokes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nested case‐control study
Authors: Azoulay Laurent , Schneider‐Lindner Verena , Dell'Aniello Sophie , Filion Kristian B. , Suissa Samy 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether the use of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) decreases the risk of incident strokes in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe conducted a nested case‐control study within a population‐based cohort from the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD). The cohort comprised patients over the age of 40 who were prescribed a first oral hypoglycemic agent between 1 January 1988 and 30 June 2008. Cases included all subjects who experienced a first stroke during follow‐up. Up to 10 controls were matched to each case on age (±2 years), sex, date of cohort entry (±1 year), and duration of follow‐up. Rate ratios (RRs) of stroke associated with TZD use, including rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, relative to combinations of other oral hypoglycemic agents, were estimated using conditional logistic regression.ResultsThe cohort comprised 75 717 users of oral hypoglycemic agents, of whom 2417 had a stroke during follow‐up. The rate of stroke in users of TZDs given as monotherapy (RR: 1.20, 95%CI: 0.77, 1.86) or in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents (RR: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.58, 1.04) was not lower than combinations of other oral hypoglycemic agents. The RRs were similar for rosiglitazone and pioglitazone.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that TZDs do not appear to decrease the incidence of first strokes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Congenital abnormalities in children of 43 pregnant women who attempted suicide with large doses of nitrazepam
Authors: Gidai János , Ács Nándor , Bánhidy Ferenc , Czeizel Andrew E 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the teratogenic effect of very large doses of nitrazepam in children born to pregnant women who attempted suicide and to check the feasibility of self‐poisoning pregnant women model.Design and settingComparative analysis of exposed children and their unexposed sibs born to the same mothers who attempted suicide during the study pregnancy and admitted to the toxicological inpatients clinic, Budapest, 1960–1993.Study participantsOf 1044 pregnant women who attempted suicide, 107 (10.3%) used large doses of nitrazepam alone or combination with other drugs, and 43 delivered live‐born babies, these exposed children were evaluated.Main outcomes measuresStructural birth defects, i.e., congenital abnormalities (CAs), pregnancy age at delivery, and birth weight.ResultsThe mean dose of nitrazepam used for suicide attempt was 204 mg. Of 43 exposed children, 13 (30.2%) were affected with CAs, while of their 29 sib controls, 3 (10.3%) (OR with 95%CI: 3.8, 1.0–14.6). Most CAs in exposed children were mild and belonged to the deformation type. The mean pregnancy age was shorter.ConclusionsThe very large doses of nitrazepam used for suicide attempt during pregnancy resulted in a high rate of CAs which may be connected with the disruption of protein metabolism in fetal mesenchyma. The self‐poisoning pregnant women model is feasible for the evaluation of teratogenic effect of drugs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanostructured thermosets from self‐assembled amphiphilic block copolymer/epoxy resin mixtures: effect of copolymer content on nanostructures
Authors: Blanco Miren , López Marta , Kortaberria Galder , Mondragon Iñaki 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNanostructure formation in thermosets can allow the design of materials with interesting properties. The aim of this work was to obtain a nanostructured epoxy system by self‐assembly of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer in an unreacted epoxy/amine mixture followed by curing of the matrix. The copolymer employed was polystyrene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PMMA). The thermoset system, formed by a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A‐type epoxy resin and diaminodiphenylmethane hardener, was chosen to ensure the miscibility of most of the PMMA block until matrix gelation. Transparent materials with microphase‐separated domains were obtained for copolymer contents lower than 40 wt%. In systems containing 20 and 30 wt% block copolymer, the PS block formed spherical micelles or worm‐like structures before curing, which were stabilized through curing by the more compatible PMMA block phase. Nanostructured thermoset systems were successfully synthesized for self‐assembled amphiphilic block copolymer–epoxy/amine mixtures for copolymer contents lower than 40 wt%. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Solution properties of polyaniline
Authors: Yılmaz Faris , Küçükyavuz Zuhal 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSolution properties of polyaniline (PANI) synthesized at various temperatures were studied using static light scattering (SLS), intrinsic viscosity, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). We demonstrated that average radius of gyration 〈Rg〉, intrinsic viscosity [η], and average hydrodynamic radius 〈RH〉, of polyaniline molecules in dilute N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP) solutions increased with decreasing synthesis temperatures, i.e.; increasing molecular weight. SLS data demonstrate that second virial coefficient (A2) decreased with increasing particle sizes suggesting that solubility of PANI in NMP decreased with increasing particle sizes. We also find that the polymers extend as the polymer concentration is lowered and that the increase in the hydrodynamic radius can be expressed by a power law of the electrostatic screening length. This behavior is typical of polyelectrolytes in dilute solution, providing a basis for understanding the conformation changes of this metallic polymer in solution. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
A highly controllable latent ruthenium Schiff base olefin metathesis catalyst: Catalyst activation and mechanistic studies
Authors: Monsaert Stijn , Ledoux Nele , Drozdzak Renata , Verpoort Francis 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA ruthenium Schiff base catalyst (5), bearing an N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand, was found to be a latent catalyst for the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of cis,cis‐1,5‐cyclooctadiene and dicyclopentadiene and is activated efficiently on addition of hydrochloric acid. A benchmark study was performed using the Grubbs first (1), second (2), and third (3) generation catalyst. Results further illustrate that the catalyst can be stored in dicyclopentadiene at a monomer/catalyst ratio of 15,000/1 without any significant polymerization during at least 12 months. After activation of the catalyst with a Brønsted acid, no undesired loss of performance can be detected. This concept of activation can be easily adapted to a Reaction Injection Molding process, and reaction control is obtained via the in situ generation of the cocatalyst as the outcome of the reaction of alcohols with Lewis acids. Insight into the activation mechanism was gained through an in‐depth nuclear magnetic resonance study, and a plausible mechanism is proposed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 302–310, 2010
Facile one‐step synthesis of electromagnetic functionalized polypyrrole/Fe3O4 nanotubes via a self‐assembly process
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Dong , Xiao Hong‐Mei , Zhu Lu‐Ping , Fu Shao‐Yun , Wan Mei‐Xiang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article reports a simple self‐assembly process for facile one‐step synthesis of novel electromagnetic functionalized polypyrrole (PPy)/Fe3O4 composite nanotubes using p‐toluenesulfonic acid (p‐TSA) as the dopant and FeCl3 as the oxidant. The key trick of the present method is to use FeCl3 as the oxidant for both PPy and Fe3O4 in the same time to synthesize PPy/Fe3O4 composite nanotubes in one‐step. This facile one‐step method is much simpler than the conventional approach using the Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the additives. Compared to the similar composites synthesized using the conventional method, the as‐prepared PPy‐p‐TSA/Fe3O4 composite nanotubes using the facile one‐step self‐assembly process show much higher room‐temperature conductivity. Moreover, the composite nanotubes display interesting ferromagnetic behavior. The electrical properties of the PPy‐p‐TSA/Fe3O4 composite nanotubes are dominated by the amount of FeCl3 while their magnetic properties are controlled by the amount of FeCl2. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 320–326, 2010
Effect of solvent on the dehydrogenation of poly(1,3‐cyclohexadiene): Formation and characteristics of benzoquinone–aromatic hydrocarbon charge‐transfer complexes
Authors: Natori Itaru , Natori Shizue , Sekikawa Hiroyuki , Ogino Kenji 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effect of solvent on the dehydrogenation of poly(1,3‐cyclohexadiene) (PCHD) with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) [or 2,3,5,6‐tetrachloro‐1,4‐(p‐)‐benzoquinone (TCQ)] was examined to improve the reactivity of benzoquinones for this dehydrogenation reaction. The dehydrogenation of PCHD with DDQ (or TCQ) was strongly affected by the type of solvent, and aromatic hydrocarbon based solvents were appropriate for this dehydrogenation reaction. A charge‐transfer complex between DDQ (or TCQ) and aromatic hydrocarbons was formed in the reaction mixture, and the reactivity of the complex was much higher than that of free DDQ (or TCQ). The formation of a DDQ–aromatic hydrocarbon complex, which has a large diamagnetic shift of the 13C NMR signals with respect to DDQ, was the primary factor for improvement of the reactivity of DDQ. For the TCQ–aromatic hydrocarbon complex, the existence of an electron‐withdrawing group on the aromatic hydrocarbon was the major factor for improvement of the reactivity of TCQ. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 342–350, 2010
Investigation of spacer influences in phosphorescent‐emitting nonconjugated PLED systems
Authors: Thesen Manuel W. , Krueger Hartmut , Janietz Silvia , Wedel Armin , Graf Marion 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn assay was introduced to clarify influences on electroluminescent behavior for RGB‐colored phosphorescent terpolymers with N,N‐Di‐p‐tolyl‐aniline as hole‐transporting unit, 2‐(4‐biphenyl)‐5‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (tert‐BuPBD) as electron‐transporting unit, and different iridium complexes in RGB‐colors as triplet emitting materials. All monomers were attached with spacer moieties to the “para” position of a polystyrene. Polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) were built to study the electro‐optical behavior of these materials. The gist was a remarkable influence of hexyl‐spacer units to the PLED performance. For all three colors only very restricted PLED performances were found. In comparison RGB‐terpolymers were synthesized with directly attached charge transport materials to the polymer backbone. For this directly linked systems efficiencies were 28 cd A−1 @ 6 V (green), 4.9 cd A−1 @ 5 V (red) and 4.3 cd A−1 @ 6 V (bluish). In summary we assume that an improved charge percolation pathways regarding to the higher content of semiconducting molecules and an improved charge transfer to the phosphorescent dopand in the case of the copolymers without spacers are responsible for the better device performance comparing the copolymers with hexyl spacers. The approach of the directly connected charge transport materials at the nonconjugated styrene polymer backbone should be favored for further investigations, therefore. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 389–402, 2010
Synthesis, one‐ and two‐photon properties of poly[9,10‐bis(3,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl‐oxy)phenyl)‐2,6‐anthracenevinylene‐alt‐N‐octyl‐3,6‐/2,7‐carbazolevinylene]
Authors: Zhang Haichang , Guo Erqian , Zhang Xueheng , Yang Wenjun 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe synthesis, one‐ and two‐photon absorption (TPA) and emission properties of two novel 2,6‐anthracenevinylene‐based copolymers, poly[9,10‐bis(3,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyloxy)phenyl)‐2,6‐anthracenevinylene‐alt‐N‐octyl‐3,6‐carbazolevinyl‐ene] (P1) and poly[9,10‐bis(3,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyloxy)phenyl)‐2,6‐anthracenevinyl‐ene‐alt‐N‐octyl‐2,7‐carbazolevinylene] (P2) were reported. The as‐synthesized polymers have the number‐average molecular weights of 1.56 × 104 for P1 and 1.85 × 104 g mol−1 for P2 and are readily soluble in common organic solvents. They emit strong bluish‐green one‐ and two‐photon excitation fluorescence in dilute toluene solution (ϕP1 = 0.85, ϕP2 = 0.78, λem(P1) = 491 nm, λem(P2) = 483 nm). The maximal TPA cross‐sections of P1 and P2 measured by the two‐photon‐induced fluorescence method using femtosecond laser pulses in toluene are 840 and 490 GM per repeating unit, respectively, which are obviously larger than that (210 GM) of poly[9,10‐bis‐(3,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyloxy) phenyl)‐2,6‐anthracenevinylene], indicating that the poly(2,6‐anthracenevinylene) derivatives with large TPA cross‐sections can be obtained by inserting electron‐donating moieties into the polymer backbone. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 463–470, 2010
Highly efficient catalysts‐acetylacetonato complexes of transition metals in the 4th period for ring‐opening polymerization of 1,3‐benzoxazine
Authors: Sudo Atsushi , Hirayama Shoji , Endo Takeshi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAcetylacetonato (acac) complexes of transition metals in the 4th period were examined as catalysts for the ring‐opening polymerization of benzoxazine. This examination revealed that acac complexes of manganese, iron, and cobalt exhibited the highest activity, which was comparable or slightly higher than that exhibited by p‐toluenesulfonic acid. By replacing acac ligand by hexafluoroacetylacetonato (F6‐acac) ligand, the activity of manganese and iron complexes was remarkably enhanced. These metal F6‐acac complexes were tolerant to moisture to allow their use under air without special caution. Another advantage was their negligible effect to promote unfavorable weight loss during the polymerization. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 479–484, 2010
Crystalline microstructure and mechanical properties of crosslinked EPDM aged under gamma irradiation
Authors: Planes Emilie , Chazeau Laurent , Vigier Gérard , Chenal Jean‐Marc , Stuhldreier Thomas 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe morphology and the mechanical properties at room temperature of crosslinked EPDM irradiated or not have been studied. It has been shown that these materials are composed of two phases: semicrystalline zones with a crystallinity ratio of 20% and mainly amorphous zones. The semicrystalline zones make a continuous path through the film and therefore control the mechanical properties of the material below the melting temperature. As irradiation (in the tested range of irradiation dose) and crosslinking degree have no significant influence on the arrangement and proportion of the crystalline lamellae, all samples have nearly the same mechanical behavior at small strains. At large strains, the interactions between amorphous and crystalline parts in semicrystalline zones play the main role in the mechanical response; irradiation, by degradation of these interactions, leads to a smaller hardening phenomenon and a decrease in elongation at break. From an application point of view, in spite of the low crystallinity fraction of these materials, the presence of an important number of crystallites, as evidenced by SAXS measurements, strongly limits the consequences of irradiation on the mechanical properties. However, the mechanical reinforcement strongly depending on the presence of these crystallites, it is therefore highly sensitive to temperature: this can be an important issue for the applications of these materials since their use temperature is close to the crystallite melting temperature. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 97–105, 2010
Porous Photoresist Stamps for Selective Plasma Treatment
Authors: Stöhr Uwe , Dohse Antje , Hoppe Paul , Gehringer Andreas , Thomas Michael , Klages Claus‐Peter , Reinecke Holger 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA porous plasma stamp has been developed allowing selective plasma treatment and coating of flat surfaces by using a dielectric barrier discharge arrangement at atmospheric pressure. The stamp consists of a porous sinter metal plate covered with photoresist. The photoresist is structured to form cavities in which the plasma is burning. The cavity footprint is the desired structure to be reproduced or “plasma printed” on the substrate. It is shown that flat substrate surfaces can be treated in the same scale as the cavity dimensions and that the treated areas are defined by the footprint of the cavities with a precision in micrometer scale. This work describes in detail the manufacturing process of the plasma stamp and furthermore shows that the stamp can be used to plasma‐coat surfaces selectively because the stamp cavities can continuously be filled with process gases through the porous metal plate. Applying process gas containing polymerizable monomers to a porous material will close the pores after a certain plasma treatment time. As a consequence this work also addresses the issue of cleaning the stamp to keep it intact for a long term usage.
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