bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep Deprivation Impairs Ca2+Expression in the Hippocampus: Ionic Imaging Analysis for Cognitive Deficiency with TOF-SIMS
Authors: Chang Hung-Ming , Liao Wen-Chieh , Sheu Ji-Nan , Chang Chun-Chao , Lan Chyn-Tair , Mai Fu-Der 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSleep deprivation causes cognitive dysfunction in which impaired neuronal plasticity in hippocampus may underlie the molecular mechanisms of this deficiency. Considering calcium-mediated NMDA receptor subunit 1 (NMDAR1) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activation plays an important role in the regulation of neuronal plasticity, the present study is aimed to determine whether total sleep deprivation (TSD) would impair calcium expression, together with injury of the neuronal plasticity in hippocampus. Adult rats subjected to TSD were processed for time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, NMDAR1 immunohistochemistry, nNOS biochemical assay, cytochrome oxidase histochemistry, and the Morris water maze learning test to detect ionic, neurochemical, bioenergetic as well as behavioral changes of neuronal plasticity, respectively. Results indicated that in normal rats, strong calcium signaling along with intense NMDAR1/nNOS expression were observed in hippocampal regions. Enhanced calcium imaging and neurochemical expressions corresponded well with strong bioenergetic activity and good performance of behavioral testing. However, following TSD, both calcium intensity and NMDAR1/nNOS expressions were significantly decreased. Behavioral testing also showed poor responses after TSD. As proper calcium expression is essential for maintaining hippocampal neuronal plasticity, impaired calcium expression would depress downstream NMDAR1-mediated nNOS activation, which might contribute to the initiation or development of TSD-related cognitive deficiency.
Fractal analysis and thermal‐elastic modeling of a subvolcanic magmatic breccia: The role of post‐fragmentation partial melting and thermal fracture in clast size distributions
Authors: Roy Samuel G. , Johnson Scott E. , Koons Peter O. , Jin Zhihe 
Published: April 2012

This paper examines the development of a subvolcanic magmatic breccia located along the contact of a granitic intrusion using fractal analysis and thermal‐elastic modeling. The breccia grades from clast‐supported, angular clasts adjacent to unfractured host rock to isolated, rounded clasts supported by the granitic matrix adjacent to the intrusion. Field observations point to an explosive breccia mechanism, and clast size distribution analysis yields fractal dimensions (Ds > 3) that exceed the minimum value known to result from explosion (Ds > 2.5). Field observations, clast size distribution data, clast circularity data, and boundary roughness fractal dimension data suggest that the clast sizes and shapes reflect post‐brecciation modification by partial melting and thermal fracture. Numerical modeling is employed to explore the possible thermal‐elastic effects on the size distribution of clasts. Instantaneous immersion is assumed for metasedimentary clasts of a fractal size distribution in a superheated granitic matrix for different matrix volume percentages. Thermal analysis is restricted to conductive heat transfer corrected for latent heat. Partial melting of metasedimentary clasts is an effective secondary modification process that was probably responsible for markedly altering the clast size distribution for clast populations adjacent to the intrusion. Diabase clasts experienced late‐stage fracture due to the instantaneous thermal pulse in which angular clasts with high surface area to volume ratios were preferentially fractured, although this process does not appear to have markedly influenced the clast size distribution.
Global Atmospheric Chemistry Network proposed
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

Sampling and analysis of the chemical composition of the ambient atmosphere have never been performed on a comprehensive and long‐term basis. Until recently few analytical techniques had been developed for measuring substances that are present in the atmosphere in extremely small quantities, even though changes in the concentrations of such trace substances over long periods of time may cause critical problems for man.For several years, atmospheric chemists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, have been studying trace gases and particles in the atmosphere. These substances come from natural sources such as volcanic eruptions and decay of plant matter in tropical jungles, as well as from human sources. In these studies, which have taken them to such varied locations as Panama, Antarctica, Barbados, and the Amazon jungle, NCAR scientists have developed techniques for measuring concentrations much lower than those that are found in polluted city air.
Infrared photography helps detect pollution
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

A University of Rhode Island geologist is developing a method to give ‘new eyes’ to scientists looking for water pollution. John Fisher is learning to detect estuarine or coastal water pollution with infrared photography by taking aerial pictures of polluted waterways and confirming the pollution with ground sampling.According to Fisher, infrared photography enables scientists to double the spectrum of their vision in order to see water pollution normally invisible to them. Infrared color photographs taken from high‐flying airplanes give a more highly contrasted, accurate, and detailed view of polluted areas. Infrared rays are more readily transmitted through vision‐obscuring atmospheric haze. Also, surveys that would normally take several days on the ground can be done in a matter of hours with aerial photography.
Metropolitan St. Louis Branch
Authors: Finklang John W. 
Published: April 2012

The Metropolitan St. Louis Branch of AGU met December 8, 1970, in the ACIC Auditorium at 8900 South Broadway. Chairman Dean McAneny called the meeting to order at 6:45 P.M. There were 31 members and 44 guests in attendence.The Chairman acknowledged the presence of Brigadier General Dan B. Dyer, Headquarters, U.S. Air Force, and Thomas Finnie, Technical Director, ACIC.
Course on structure and dynamics of the upper atmosphere
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

The International School of Atmospheric Physics, in Erice, Trapani, Sicily, is offering its second international course June 13–27, 1971. The subject of the course is ‘Structure and Dynamics of the Upper Atmosphere.’The School is devoted to physicists who are working in the general field of atmospheric and ionospheric physics and who wish to gain knowledge in recent advances in the whole subject. The School also gives young atmospheric physicists the opportunity to discuss their work with world authorities in their fields. Lectures and seminars in the course will be followed by informal discussions between lecturers and the other participants. Students will be selected among the applicants according to their scientific qualifications. The geographical distribution of the applicants will also be considered during selection.
Water Pollution Research Conference
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

The Sixth International Conference on Water Pollution Research will be held in Jerusalem, Israel, June 18–24, 1972.Completed papers are invited on water pollution control in developing countries, water quality standards, river management, virology, treatment processes including sludge handling and industrial wastes, instrumentation, advanced treatment, low cost treatment, eutrophication, estuarine pollution, oil pollution, insect and odor nuisance, and legal and administrative matters.
SEAMAP geophysical data available
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

The first of ten magnetic tapes of geophysical data resulting from SEAMAP (Systematic Exploration and Mapping Program) is now available from NOAA's Environmental Data Service. This initial tape contains gravimetric, magnetic, and bathymetric data for a region in the Pacific bounded by longitudes 155°W and 165°W and latitudes 24°N and 30°N.NOAA's SEAMAP efforts are designed to determine and describe the physical properties and processes relating to the crust, mantle, and core with particular emphasis upon the deep ocean basins. From 1961 through 1969 the Coast and Geodetic Survey (now the National Ocean Survey) conducted extensive geophysical surveys in the north Pacific. Under contract to NOS, the Marine Sciences Institute of the University of Connecticut is evaluating these data, which were processed by various NOAA components, and is preparing contoured maps and data tapes.
Increased weather services for air pollution control authorities
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

A five‐year program will be directed toward improving weather services to federal, state, and local air pollution control agencies. Robert M. White, Acting Administrator of NOAA, said the plan is aimed at specific meteorological services to support air pollution control activities on an urban scale.‘The high degree of urbanization in the United States is emphasized by the fact that over 70% of the American people live in some 200 urbanized areas comprising less than 10% of the total land area of the country,’ the plan points out.
EPA proposes National Air Quality Standards
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

Administrator William D. Ruckelshaus of the Environmental Protection Agency has proposed national air quality standards for 6 common classes of air pollution: sulfur oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, photochemical oxidants, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons. The standards are designed to protect public health and welfare by setting limits on levels of pollution in the air. They apply to all areas of the United States.Ruckelshaus also announced publication of an advance notice of proposed rule‐making indicating the agency's intention of proposing regulations affecting use of lead additives in gasoline. He explained that the anticipated regulations would ultimately result in the elimination of lead additives from gasoline.
1971 IEEE Symposium
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

The Third IEEE International Geoscience Electronics Symposium will be held in Washington. D.C., August 25–27. The symposium is sponsored by the Geoscience Electronics Group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.The symposium will present reports on work in progress in the field of geoscience electronics, and will provide for an exchange of information on the numerous aspects of the field, with particular emphasis on geoscience electronics hardware. Some of the topics to be discussed are: Apollo/Skylab instrumentation; Nimbus/ERTS/SMS instrumentation, planetary geophysical instrumentation; offshore instrumentation, atmospheric and water pollution; atmospheric probing; earth observation surveys; computers in geoscience electronics; oceanographic instrumentation; earth seismology instrumentation; remote sensing instrumentation; and sea‐air interface.
Pacific Northwest Region: The Regional Committee
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

The Regional Committee met at 8:00 A.M. on October 15, 1970, in Thompson Science Hall on the campus of the University of Puget Sound in Tacoma, Washington. The meeting was chaired by James F. Kenney. There were 12 committee members or their representatives present.A.F. Spilhaus, Jr., addressed the business meeting with some comments and suggestions from the national AGU headquarters.
Magnetic anomalies over the continents
Authors: Zietz Isodore 
Published: April 2012

By far most of the magnetic coverage over continents has been made via aircraft. The obvious advantages of the airborne method over ground measurements are the speed and economy of the survey, the coverage of areas that are inaccessible on the ground, and the nature of the data, which are displayed continuously rather than as discrete points along a profile.Much aeromagnetic work both in the United States and abroad has been conducted by private companies exploring for ore and petroleum. Unfortunately almost none of the data have been published, nor have they been made available to the public.
Magnetotellurics and geomagnetic deep sounding
Authors: Hermance John F. 
Published: April 2012

The correlation of enhanced electrical conductivities in the upper mantle with high surface heat flow and reduced seismic velocities has been demonstrated in such tectonic areas as the western United States and Iceland. Therefore, arguments that magnetotelluric and geomagnetic variation anomalies in these areas are an indication of enhanced temperature at depth become very persuasive.It is quite possible that the interpretation of geomagnetic variation anomalies along the Wasatch front, the Rocky Mountain front, and the Rio Grande rift will ultimately be of great importance in understanding the fundamental tectonic processes beneath the North American cordillera. To the south of the Colorado plateau, Schmucker [1970] explains the anomaly by a deep zone of high conductivity whose axis strikes parallel to the Rocky Mountain front. The depth to the top of this zone is approximately 160 km under the Basin and Range province, 100 km under the Rio Grande rift belt; and perhaps 250 km beneath the Texas foreland. The development of a low‐cost portable variometer by Gough and Reitzel [1967] permitted dense coverage of the region north of Schmucker's profile by a large number of stations simultaneously. Interpretation of these data revealed two northerly trending ridges of high conductivity in the mantle, one beneath the southern Rockies (east of the Colorado plateau), the other beneath the Wasatch front (west of the Colorado plateau).
Thirteenth Rock Mechanics Symposium
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

The University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign will host the Thirteenth Symposium on Rock Mechanics August 30–September 1, 1971. The symposium is sponsored by the U.S. National Committee for Rock Mechanics and the University of Illinois. The theme is Stability of Rock Slopes.Sessions planned for the symposium include: exploration and determination of shear strength properties, methods of stability analysis, design of slopes, performance of slopes, and a general session.
Oceanographic micropaleontology
Authors: Berggren W. A. 
Published: April 2012

The past 4 years have witnessed an explosive outburst of information in the field of micropaleontology. In general, the descriptive and monographic treatment of Kaunas has given way to analytic and interpretive work. In this brief summary, we shall consider some of the more important contributions made during this period within the various branches of the field.Perhaps the outstanding event in oceanographic micropaleontology over the past few years was the advent of the Joides Deep‐Sea Drilling Project. Phase 2 of this project began in August 1968 when the Glomar Challenger sailed from Galveston, Texas, to Hoboken, New Jersey. The Challenger is currently on cruise 15 in the Caribbean Sea. During the first 13 cruises, 212 holes have been drilled at 134 sites; 1641 cores have penetrated 48,033 feet of deep‐sea sediments and hard rock (basalt in most instances).
Six RANN projects announced by NSF
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

The National Science Foundation has announced support of six major projects under its Research Applied to National Needs (RANN) program.The projects, totaling $8.35 million, will involve interdisciplinary investigations of subjects ranging from environmental quality to criminal justice, and from energy conversion and power to industrial processing. The program supports research efforts on problems of regional and national scope and concern.
INQUA tephrochronology bibliography”A call for references
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

Geoscientists conducting basic or applied research with pyroclastic materials may be interested in contributing references to relevant articles for inclusion in the first edition of the INQUA World Bibliography on Quaternary Tephrochronology.The total range of subject matter to be covered in the bibliography has not yet been set but may include discussions of source areas, petrography, and chemistry of volcanic ejecta in deposits of the Pleistocene and Holocene age. Other suggested categories are age‐dating, archaeology, geomorphology, palynology, soils, weathering, and vegetation as specifically related to the ejecta in these deposits. A separate section will deal with methods of collecting, preparing, examining, and ‘fingerprinting’ samples of pyroclastic material for use in tephrochronology.
Influence of man on the hydrological cycle: Uiesco/IHD Working Group
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

The third session of the Unesco/IHD Working Group on the Influence of Man on the Hydrological Cycle was held in Rome in January 1971. This was the first session of the Group since its reconstitution with new membership and terms of reference as established by the sixth session of the Unesco Coordinating Council in July 1970.An opening speech was given by C.E. Houston on behalf of the Director‐General of Unesco.
Field Operations Seminar
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

In cooperation with the United States and Canadian National Committees for the IHD, the International Association of Scientific Hydrology is sponsoring a Field Operations Seminar within the program of the International Field Year for the Great Lakes. The Seminar is to provide an opportunity for those involved in large lake investigations elsewhere to study and participate in the Field Year.Participants in the Seminar will receive an orientation briefing and will then work in the field, either individually or in small groups, with the scientists involved in the various IFYGL programs and projects. Seminar participants will select the work of interest to them from four categories: Facilities; Instrumentation;; Specialized studies; or Data processing and distribution.
World Weather Program Plan includes international experiment in 1974
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

An international experiment is planned in the Atlantic Ocean during the summer of 1974 to study the behavior of cloud clusters and their role in the larger circulation of the atmosphere. The experimental area will extend approximately from the west coast of Latin America eastward to Ethiopia, between latitudes 10°S and 20°N, with a more intensive study of cloud clusters being conducted in a smaller ocean area.Called GATE (GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment) the planned project is part of the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) of the World Meteorological Organization and the International Council of Scientific Unions. Coordination of United States participation in the World Weather Program is assigned to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
New products
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

The Schonstedt Instrument Company has announced the development of its Spinner Magnetometer for the measurement of the magnetization of geological core samples.The sample is spun within a six‐layer magnetic shield to minimize effects from ambient magnetic disturbances. The system is designed to be relatively insensitive to ambient mechanical vibration. No special structure is required to support the instrument. A low spin speed of 5 revolutions per second permits the spinning of fragile samples and assures longer wear of rotating parts. The instrument has full‐scale ranges from 5 emu to 1×10−7 emu. The sensitivity at which the instrument is operated is indicated by means of an illuminated display on the panel of the electronic unit.
Two‐month study of Caribbean Currents is part of fifteen‐nation program
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

A new aspect to a three‐year international oceanographic investigation of the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico began in July with U.S. scientists and ships participating.The prime objective of the two‐month operation, part of a larger program involving some fifteen countries, is an intensive study of the circulation patterns of the area to determine the processes by which these patterns take place. The U.S. efforts are concentrated in the western Caribbean, Yucatan Channel, and the southeastern part of the Gulf of Mexico. A large portion of the U.S. participation is being conducted by NOAA.
American and Australian scientists discover astronomical gamma ray sources
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

The discovery of a new type of astronomical object—emitting very high energy gamma rays—has been announced by a team of scientists from Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, and the University of Melbourne, Australia.Two discrete sources of such rays have been detected in the southern Milky Way in the direction of the galactic center. Gamma rays have been detected in the past by satellite as coming from the direction of the galactic center. The American‐Australian measurements increased the resolution of the sources by about twenty times; enough, they feel, to indicate discrete sources. While gamma‐ray sources were first detected by the American‐Australian team in balloon flights made in 1969, extensive analysis by the group, much of it with computers, was needed to reveal their presence.
NOAA awards eight Sea Grants
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

NOAA has awarded Sea Grants to eight institutions.The Southern Maine Vocational Technical Institute will receive $140,400 to continue operation of its program in applied marine biology and oceanography. The institute prepares students for employment in mechanical, technical, and other skilled occupations. The applied biology and oceanography program there is designed to produce technicians who are conversant with practical ship operations and related skills.
Energy Resources Development and Management Degree Program at University of Pittsburgh
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

The nation's first degree program in energy resources development and management will be established at the University of Pittsburgh. Dean of the university's School of Engineering Harold E. Hoelscher, said that ‘Our national energy policies have too often been reactions to crises and what is needed is the long‐range planning the university can do ….’ S. David Freeman, currently Assistant Director for Energy and Environment in President Nixon's Office of Science and Technology, will join the university to establish the program.His initial responsibility will be to design a curriculum that will emphasize the interdisciplinary knowledge required for efficient development and management of national energy resources.
USGS studies Apollo 15 moon rocks and samples
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2012

Laboratories of the U.S. Geological Survey are now studying moon rock and soil samples from Apollo 15 in what is described as the most thorough and exhaustible analysis of the samples to be undertaken by the federal government. The studies are part of a large program conducted by the USGS on behalf of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Apollo program.Thirteen Survey scientists are studying such diverse features as impact metamorphism, crystal structures, fluid inclusions, occurrence of hydrogen, deuterium and oxygen isotopes, and magnetic properties.