bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filling effect on the structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of PVAc/Co composites
Authors: Abdelaziz M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPolyvinyl‐acetate/‐cobalt (PVAc/Co) composite films were prepared using a casting technique. The structural and physical properties were studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dielectric measurements, direct current magnetic susceptibility (χdc), and electron spin resonance (ESR). The XRD patterns revealed that the incorporation of Co particles increases the amorphization of PVAc and Co oxide formations. The DSC results suggest that the thermal properties obviously improved. Frequency and filler concentration dependence of the dielectric constant (ε′) and AC conductivity (σAC) were measured at room temperature in the frequency range 20 Hz to 3 MHz of pure PVAc and PVAc/Co composite films. The dielectric constant shows usual dielectric dispersion behavior. The dielectric constant and AC conductivity increased with the increase in Co content. The variation of σAC is attributed to hopping of polarons and bipolarons in the composites. The filling level dependence of the effective magnetic moment (μeff) has been evaluated. The ESR spectra exhibit a peak of an increasing depth as Co content increases. The control of thermal stability, dielectric and magnetic moment of the composites films is interesting for applications such as electric and magnetic sensors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Electron‐transporting semi‐rigid polyester‐imides made up of a tetracarboxdiimide of p‐terphenyl analogue of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole: Preparation, and thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties
Authors: Sato Moriyuki , Inata Mutsumi , Yamaguchi Isao 
Published: April 2012

AbstractElectron‐transporting semi‐rigid polyester‐imides composed of a tetracarboxdiimide (2,5‐di(3,4‐dicarboxphthalimido)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole; DDPOD) of p‐terphenyl analogue of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole were successfully prepared by the melt polycondensation of a monomer, a dialcohol derivative of DDPOD, with four diesters in the presence of zinc acetate as a catalyst, and their thermal, UV–vis absorption, photoluminescent (PL) and electrochemical properties were examined. The structures of the resulting polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopies and elemental analyses. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements, X‐ray diffraction analyses and polarizing microscope observations suggested that the polymers prepared from aliphatic diesters formed highly ordered thermotropic liquid crystalline smectic phases. The UV–vis and PL spectra in the solutions and in the films displayed that the obtained polymers showed absorption and bluish violet‐light emissions based on the DDPOD moiety. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that these polymers had more stable HOMO levels and were more sensitive to oxidation than polymers comprising electron‐accepting 2,5‐diphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole in the backbones. The DDPOD unit brought the extension of differences between electron‐injection and hole‐injection barriers in the polymers. It was found that the polymers containing the DDPOD unit in the main chains in this study not only showed bluish violet light‐emitting properties but also behaved as electron‐transporting materials for organic electroluminescent devices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Pervaporation dehydration of water/ethanol/ethyl acetate mixtures using poly(vinyl alcohol)–silica hybrid membranes
Authors: Hu Wen Wei , Zhang Xiu Hua , Zhang Qiu Gen , Liu Qing Lin , Zhu Ai Mei 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe novel organic–inorganic hybrid membranes were prepared from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES). They were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and contact angle metering. The as‐prepared membranes are formed at a molecular scale at a low VTES content. Aggregations in the surface of the as‐prepared membranes were clearly evident above 18.43 wt % VTES loading. The introduction of VTES into the PVA matrix resulted in a decrease in the crystalline and an increase in compactness and thermal stability of the as‐prepared membranes. Silica hybridization reduced the swelling of the as‐prepared membranes in water/ethanol/ethyl acetate mixtures, decreased the permeation flux, and remarkably enhanced water permselectivity in pervaporation dehydration of ethanol/ethyl acetate aqueous solution. The hybrid membrane with 24.04 wt % VTES has the highest separation factor of 1079 and permeation flux of 540 g m−2h−1. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Advice in spite of great uncertainty: assessing and addressing bycatch of small fishes with limited data using Stellifer illecebrosus as a case study
Authors: Foster S. J. , Vincent A.C.J. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTTropical shrimp trawlers mostly catch small fish species as bycatch, and commitments to ecosystem‐based management and food supply demand adjustment of such bycatch to sustainable levels. Pragmatic ways to assess and address the impact of nonselective fishing practices on small fishes need to be found, especially given the limited knowledge of their life histories, population dynamics, and ecology.The use of matrix models for understanding and mitigating such impacts is explored using a small fish,Stellifer illecebrosus(silver stardrum) in the southern Gulf of California, Mexico, as a case study.A deterministic matrix model, populated with vital rates generated through six months of fisheries‐dependent sampling, was used to estimate the rate of population growth for the species, conduct elasticity analyses to see which vital rates have greatest relative effects on population growth, test the sensitivity of model outcomes to uncertainties in life history parameters, mortality rates and the number of age classes modelled, and explore potential mitigation tools.Despite great uncertainty regarding the impact of industrial shrimp trawling onS. illecebrosus, principally due to uncertainty in mortality rates but also in other life history parameters, the matrix model was still useful in indicating that any precautionary management should focus on increasing the survival of younger age classes. This could be achieved with trawl closures where smaller fish live.The study demonstrates the importance of understanding age‐based changes in vital rates to the predictions of matrix models; estimated population growth rates were most uncertain when all mature individuals were assumed to contribute equally to recruitment. But nevertheless, the study supports claims that deterministic matrix models may be useful for conservation and management where life history parameters can only be estimated crudely.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reproductive Toxicity Assessment of Sunitinib, A Multitargeted Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Male and Female Rats
Authors: Coburn Aleasha M. , Cappon Gregg D. , Bowman Christopher J. , Stedman Donald B. , Patyna Shem 
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUNDSunitinib (SUTENT, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY) is a multitargeted inhibitor of selected receptor tyrosine kinases, which produces an antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effect by blocking pathways fundamental to tumor growth and survival. We investigated the effects of sunitinib on male and female fertility and early embryonic development in the rat.METHODSIn the female fertility and early embryonic development phase, untreated males were paired with treated females dosed at 0 (control), 0.5, 1.5, and 5 mg/kg/day from 14 days premating, through mating, to gestation day 7. In the male fertility phase, the same males were then treated 58 days at doses of 0 (control), 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg/day, mated with untreated females, with continued daily dosing for a total of 74 days.RESULTSThere was no systemic toxicity‐ or treatment‐related effects on fertility in female rats. Females exposed at 5 mg/kg/day had an increase in the number of early resorptions with associated decrease in viable embryos. In the males, body weight and food consumption were decreased at 10 mg/kg/day compared to the controls. Male reproductive capacity, as assessed by copulation, fertility, and conception indices, was not impacted at any dose level. Sperm morphology, concentration, and motility were also unaffected by treatment.CONCLUSIONSThere were no effects on male reproduction. An increase in corpora lutea and an increase in early resorptions with associated reduction in viable embryos was noted in the females dosed 5 mg/kg/day. Sunitinib at doses up to 1.5 and 10 mg/kg/day had no effects on female and male reproduction, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Observation of the Highest Coordination Number in Planar Species: Decacoordinated Ta©B10‐ and Nb©B10‐ Anions.
Authors: Galeev Timur R. , Romanescu Constantin , Li Wei‐Li , Wang Lai‐Sheng , Boldyrev Alexander I. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTaB10‐ and NbB10‐ clusters are produced in a laser‐vaporization supersonic molecular beam cluster source and characterized by photoelectron spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterizations of Quaternary Cu2FeSnS4 Nanocrystals.
Authors: Yan Chang , Huang Chun , Yang Jia , Liu Fangyang , Liu Jin , Lai Yanqing , Li Jie , Liu Yexiang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractQuaternary tetragonal Cu2FeSnS4 nanocrystals are prepared by injecting a solution of elemental sulfur in oleylamine into an oleylamine solution containing Cu(acac)2, Fe(acac)2, and SnCl2 at 280 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Synthesis of Na1‐xLixMgH3 Perovskite Hydrides.
Authors: Martinez‐Coronado R. , Sanchez‐Benitez J. , Retuerto M. , Fernandez‐Diaz M. T. , Alonso J. A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTitle hydrides with x = 0, 0.25, and 0.5 are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of MgH2, NaH, and LiH (gold capsule, 2 GPa, 750 °C, <1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused Tricyclic Heterocycles by Condensation, Cyclization, Dipolar Cycloaddition Cascade of α‐Benzenesulfonyl and α‐Phenylthio Substituted Aldehydes.
Authors: Coldham Iain , Burrell Adam J. M. , Watson Luke , Oram Niall , Martin Nathaniel 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe reaction sequence leading from aldehydes (I), (VII), and (X) to tricyclic products (III), (VIII), and (XI) involves condensation to an intermediate oxime, followed by cyclization to an intermediate nitrone, and subsequent intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Catalyzed Reductive Esterification of a Carboxylic Acid: Sequential Preparation of an Ester and Symmetrical Ether.
Authors: Sakai Norio , Usui Yuta , Ikeda Reiko , Konakahara Takeo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractReductive dimerization of aliphatic carboxylic acids with triethylsilane in the presence of InBr3—H2SO4 catalyst provides access towards carboxylic esters (II) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric C—S Bond Formation: Synthesis of α‐Methylene‐β‐mercapto Esters with Simple Alkyl Thiols.
Authors: Lin Aijun , Mao Haibin , Zhu Xi , Ge Huiming , Tan Renxiang , Zhu Chengjian , Cheng Yixiang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA highly efficient asymmetric reaction of Morita—Baylis—Hillman carbonates (I) and (IV) with alkyl mercaptans (II) is achieved in the presence of MgSO4 and (DHQD)2‐PHAL as organocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Tin‐Free, Radical Photocatalyzed Addition to Vinyl Sulfones.
Authors: Ravelli Davide , Montanaro Sara , Zema Michele , Fagnoni Maurizio , Albini Angelo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRadical addition of aldehydes, amides, ethers or cycloalkanes towards vinyl sulfones is readily achieved via photoinduced C—H bond activation of aldehydes, amides, ethers and cycloalkanes in the presence of tetrabutylammonium decatungstate.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroamination of 1,1‐Dimethylallene with Primary Aryl Amines under Mild Conditions: An Atom‐Economical Route to N‐(1,1‐Dimethyl‐2‐propenyl)‐anilines.
Authors: Beck John F. , Schmidt Joseph A. R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA novel Pd‐catalyst is applied to the title reaction to give allylamine products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Remarkable Switch in the Regiochemistry of the Iodination of Anilines by N‐Iodosuccinimide: Synthesis of 1,2‐Dichloro‐3,4‐diiodobenzene.
Authors: Shen Hao , Vollhardt K. Peter C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractReactions of aniline derivatives can be controlled by the conditions to yield either p‐ or o‐iodinated products preferentially.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical N,N′‐Disubstituted Thioureas and Ureas over MgO in dry Media.
Authors: Valizadeh Hassan , Dinparast Leila 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe presented approach can be regarded as green chemistry due to the absence of solvent, simple work‐up, short reaction times and good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni‐ and Cu‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions Using 2‐(4,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐imidazo‐2‐yl)phenol as a Versatile Phosphine‐Free Ligand.
Authors: Haneda Satoshi , Sudo Kazuhiko , Hayashi Masahiko 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPhthalimide is also applicable to the Cu‐catalyzed N‐cyclopropylation with cyclopropylboronic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Diversity of the Three‐Component Reactions of N‐Benzylbenzimidazolium Salts, Aromatic Aldehydes, and Active Methylene Compounds.
Authors: Hui Li , Jin Yu‐Xiu , Wang Jin‐Xiu , Yan Chao‐Guo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractReaction of N‐benzyl‐benzimidazolium bromides, prepared in situ, with cyclic diones of type (I) or (VI) and aldehydes allows access to various novel zwitterionic salts in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Sulfur‐Assisted Carbonylation of Diaminoresorcinol with Carbon Monoxide.
Authors: Mizuno Takumi , Nakai Takeo , Mihara Masatoshi , Ito Takatoshi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe compound (III) is the stable equivalent to the instable compound (I), which is a raw material of ZYLON.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Effects in 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of N‐Alkyl and N‐Benzyl Nitrones with Dipolarophiles.
Authors: Badoiu Andrei , Kuendig E. Peter 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe title reaction gives access to N‐alkyl‐ and N‐benzyl‐substituted isoxazolidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct N‐Alkylation of Amino‐Azoles with Alcohols Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex/Base System
Authors: Li Feng , Shan Haixia , Chen Lin , Kang Qikai , Zou Po 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA complete regioselective, efficient, simple, and general method for the synthesis of the compounds (III), (VI), and (VIII) is developed only yielding water as side product.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Chalcogen‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 35. Rapid One‐Pot Versatile Preparation of 2‐Aminobenzothiazoles by Highly Efficient Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Inorganic Base‐Free Intramolecular Cyclization.
Authors: Sashida Haruki , Kaname Mamoru 
Published: April 2012

Abstract2‐Chlorophenyl isocyanate can be treated with piperidine to form (IIIa), but does not react with Et2NH to form (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Catalyzed Reaction of Enals with Unactivated Enones: Substituent Effect on the Formation of 1:1 and 1:2 Adducts.
Authors: Takaki Ken , Shiraishi Kazuhiro , Okinaga Kosuke , Takahashi Shintaro , Komeyama Kimihiro 
Published: April 2012

AbstractImidazole carbene catalyzed reaction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with unactivated enones gives two kinds of pyranones, i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective Intramolecular Biaryl Coupling Reaction of a Phenyl Benzoate Derivative for the Synthesis of Graphislactone G.
Authors: Abe Hitoshi , Matsukihira Takuya , Fukumoto Tomoko , Horino Yoshikazu , Takeuchi Yasuo , Harayama Takashi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCompound (I) affords (II) in high regioselectivity in a Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: New Condensed Indoline Bis‐Spiropyrans.
Authors: Samsoniya Sh. A. , Trapaidze M. V. , Nikoleishvili N. N. , Japaridze K. G. , Maisuradze J. P. , Kazmaier U. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBis‐spiro compounds (I)—(III) are obtained via a general three‐stage synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Stereodefined 3,4‐Disubstituted Piperidines Through Rearrangement of 2‐(2‐Bromo‐1,2‐dimethylethyl)azetidines.
Authors: Mollet Karen , Broeckx Leen , D'hooghe Matthias , de Kimpe Norbert 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAzetidines (IV), synthesized by monochloroalane reduction of β‐lactams (III), constitute suitable building blocks for the synthesis of highly functionalized piperidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Isoquinuclidine by Diels—Alder Reaction of 1,2‐Dihydropyridine and Chiral Dienophile Utilizing a Chiral Lewis Acid.
Authors: Seki Chigusa , et al. et al. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe asymmetric Diels—Alder reaction of (I) with chiral dienophiles (II) in the presence of a chiral Lewis acid affords the chiral adducts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Aryl and Heteroaryl Pinacol Boronates for the Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Pyrimidines.
Authors: Asano Shigehiro , Kamioka Seiji , Isobe Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of heteroaryl chlorides with aryl or heteroaryl pinacol boronates, including the challenging five‐membered 2‐heteroaryl ones is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of 1,6‐Methano[10]annulene‐fused and 2,4‐Dimethyl‐7,12‐methano‐3H‐cyclohepta[10]annulen‐3‐one‐fused 10H‐Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]perimidin‐10‐ones.
Authors: Kuroda Shigeyasu , Matsumoto Naoko , Zhang Yanmei , Abe Takako , Horino Yoshikazu , Fujiwara Yurie , Oda Mitsunori 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTitle compounds (VII) and (VIII) are prepared via condensation of anhydrides with diaminonaphthalene (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity Control in the Addition of N,N′‐Dialkylated 1,n‐Diamines to Activated Skipped Diynes: Synthesis of Fused Bicyclic 1,4‐Diazepanes and 1,5‐Diazocanes.
Authors: Lopez‐Tosco Sara , Tejedor David , Gonzalez‐Platas Javier , Garcia‐Tellado Fernando 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA novel protocol for the synthesis of a new family of furodiazepine and ‐diazocine derivatives (IV) is developed using a metal‐free domino reaction of tertiary skipped diynes (I) with N,N‐dialkylated diamines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidant‐Controlled Stereoselectivity in the Pd‐Catalyzed Allylic Oxidation of cis‐Vinylsilanes.
Authors: Check Christopher T. , Henderson William H. , Wray Brenda C. , Vanden Eynden Matthew J. , Stambuli James P. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn the presence of benzoquinone, the title reaction provides branched, trans‐vinylsilanes of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐ and β‐Enamido Phosphonates: Rhodium(I)/Monodentate Phosphoramidite Catalyst.
Authors: Zhang Jinzhu , Li Yang , Wang Zheng , Ding Kuiling 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA Rh—monodentate phosphoramidite complex efficiently catalyzes the asymmetric hydrogenation of α‐enamido phosphonates (I), (III), (V) and (VII) to give the corresponding α‐aminophosphonates in excellent enantioselectivities (88 up to <99% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Synthesis of 1‐Hydroxy‐1,1‐bis(phosphonic acid)s Starting from the Corresponding Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Egorov Maxim , Aoun Sameh , Padrines Marc , Redini Francoise , Heymann Dominique , Lebreton Jacques , Mathe‐Allainmat Monique 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe amount of catecholborane as intermediate complexing agent and of the phosphorylation reagent has to be increased with the presence of additional hydroxyl or amino groups which need no special protection/deprotection procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization of Unsaturated Alcohols. Mild and Efficient Selenocyclization of Pent‐4‐en‐1‐ol.
Authors: Rvocic Marina , Divac Vera M. , Radenkovic Ninko , Bugarcic Zorica M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAlternatively to PhSeCl, PhSeBr can be used as cyclization agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Synthesis of Sceletium Alkaloids (.+‐.)‐Mesembrine and (.+‐.)‐Mesembranol.
Authors: Honda Toshio , Arai Hironobu , Yamamoto Naoshi , Takahashi Kazunori 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe Mozoroki—Heck reaction is used to synthesize spirolactone (II) which can be transformed to mesembrine or mesembranol via a known sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis of the New Furo[3,2‐h]isoquinoline Alkaloids TMC‐120B and TMC‐120A, and Their Inhibitory Activities Against IFN‐γ and IL‐4 Production.
Authors: Choshi Tominari , Kumemura Teppei , Fujioka Haruto , Hieda Yuhzo , Hibino Satoshi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCompounds (VII) and (VIII) exhibit selective inhibition of IFN‐γ production compared with IL‐4 production.
Cardiac Sarcoid: A Clinician's Review on How to Approach the Patient With Cardiac Sarcoid
Authors: Mantini Nicholas , Williams Jr. Byron , Stewart Jim , Rubinsztain Leon , Kacharava Andro 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCardiac sarcoid is an infiltrative, granulomatous disease of the myocardium. It is more prevalent entity than once believed, especially subclinical disease. It affects heart mechanics causing ventricular failure, and disrupts the cardiac electrical system leading to third degree heart block, malignant ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. This makes early diagnosis and treatment of this devastating disease essential. Based on reviewed literature this paper proposes step‐wise diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidoisis who do or do not have prior history of systemic sarcoidosis. Clin. Cardiol. 2012 DOI: 10.1002/clc.21982The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.Special thanks to Dr. Maziar Zafari for his help with the editing process.
Ethanol Recovery from Water Using Silicalite‐1 Membrane: An Operando Infrared Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Zou Xiaoqin , Bazin Philippe , Zhang Feng , Zhu Guangshan , Valtchev Valentin , Mintova Svetlana 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe adsorption, separation, and diffusion properties of intergrown silicalite‐1 membrane on a pre‐seeded porous stainless‐steel‐net support in ethanol/water mixtures are evaluated. The permeation of ethanol and water as vapors and liquids on the silicalite‐1 membrane is investigated. Operando IR spectroscopy combined with mass spectrometry is used to study directly the silicalite‐1 membrane supported on the stainless‐steel‐net in mixtures of ethanol/water with different mass ratios (ethanol/water=0, 5, 25, 50, 75, and 100). It was found that the diffusion coefficients for ethanol and water in the mixture (ethanol/water=50:50) are 0.81×10−10 and 2.2×10−10 cm2 s−1, respectively. The silicalite‐1 membrane shows higher ethanol selectivity with an increase of the ethanol content in the reaction mixture. Furthermore, when using the membrane the high selectivity of 19.6 and 39 for the mixtures containing 5 wt % and 50 wt % ethanol is combined with a high flux, which is 11.5 kg m−2 h−1 and 17.1 kg m−2 h−1, respectively. The silicalite‐1 membrane with high reproducibility resists cracking and possesses high mechanical stability. In addition, the stainless‐steel‐net support possesses very high porosity thus leading to an improved permeation flux, and also it is transparent and suitable for quantitative characterization by operando IR spectroscopy. The good performance of the supported silicalite‐1 membrane (high separation factor and high flux for ethanol over water) makes it interesting for use in extracting ethanol from aqueous bioethanol system.
Catalytic Air Oxidation of Biomass‐Derived Carbohydrates to Formic Acid
Authors: Li Jiang , Ding Dao‐Jun , Deng Li , Guo Qing‐Xiang , Fu Yao 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn efficient catalytic system for biomass oxidation to form formic acid was developed. The conversion of glucose to formic acid can reach up to 52 % yield within 3 h when catalyzed by 5 mol % of H5PV2Mo10O40 at only 373 K using air as the oxidant. Furthermore, the heteropolyacid can be used as a bifunctional catalyst in the conversion of cellulose to formic acid (yield=35 %) with air as the oxidant.