bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intragraft immunological events associated with EBV DNAemia in liver transplant patients
Authors: LOGINOV RAISA , HALME LEENA , AROLA JOHANNA , HÖCKERSTEDT KRISTER , LAUTENSCHLAGER IRMELI 
Published: September 2010

Loginov R, Halme L, Arola J, Höckerstedt K, Lautenschlager I. Intragraft immunological events associated with EBV DNAemia in liver transplant patients. APMIS 2010; 118: 888–94.Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) may cause post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, but most EBV infections after liver transplantation (Ltx) are clinically silent reactivations. In this study, we investigated the intragraft immunological events associated with EBV DNAemia. Altogether, 105 adult Ltx patients were monitored for EBV DNAemia. Fourteen (13%) patients developed EBV DNAemia during the first year after transplantation. Liver biopsies obtained associated with EBV DNAemia, without evidence of other herpes or hepatitis viruses or rejection, were available from five patients. The numbers of lymphocytes positive for B‐cell marker (CD20), T‐cell markers (CD3, CD4 and CD8) and IL‐2R, adhesion molecules (ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1 and ELAM‐1) and their ligands [lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 (LFA‐1), very late antigen (VLA‐4) and Sialyl Lewis X (sLeX)] were demonstrated in liver biopsies by immunohistochemistry, and zero‐biopsies from donor livers were used as controls. EBV DNAemia was associated with increased number of CD20‐positive (22 ± 30, p = 0.09) and significantly increased numbers of CD3 (80 ± 16, p = 0.001)‐, CD4 (23 ± 8, p = 0.009)‐ and CD8 (38 ± 8, p = 0.001)‐positive lymphocytes in the graft. ICAM‐1, but not VCAM‐1 or ELAM‐1, was strongly expressed and the number of LFA‐1‐positive cells was significantly increased (48 ± 10, p = 0.0002). Low‐level EBV DNAemia was associated with B‐ and especially T‐cell infiltration of the graft, as well as an increase in ICAM‐1 and the number of LFA‐1‐positive cells. However, EBV DNAemia or these immunological events did not have any effect on the liver transplant.
Molecular and functional aspects of the hairless (hr) gene in laboratory rodents and humans
Authors: Panteleyev A. A. , Paus R. , Ahmad W. , Sundberg J. P. , Christiano A. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFor many years, hairless and rhino mouse mutants have provided a useful and extensively exploited model for studying different aspects of skin physiology, including skin aging, pharmacokinetic evaluation of drug activity and cutaneous absorption, skin carcinogenesis, and skin toxicology. Interestingly, however, hairless and rhino mice have rarely been studied for their primary cellular defect ‐ hairlessness ‐ and thus, the hairless gene itself and its physiological functions have been largely overlooked for decades. The recent identification of the human homolog of the hairless gene on human Chromosome 8p12 confirmed the clinical significance of the phenomenon of “hairlessness” in humans, which was predicted on the basis of similarities between hairless mice and a congenital hair disorder characterized by atrichia with papules. Mutations in the hairless gene of mice provide instructive models for further studies ofhrgene function, and may facilitate insights into the pathophysiology of different human disorders associated with the disruption ofhrgene activity. We provide an overview of current data on the structure and expression patterns of thehrgene, and of mutations at the hairless locus in mice and humans, including the genetic basis of different alleles, the pathology of hairlessness, reproductive and immunological defects, and susceptibility to dioxin toxicity. On the basis of our current understanding of hairlessness, we speculate on the putative functions of thehrgene product in skin physiology, and particularly, in hair follicle biology.
A comparison of three rotary systems and hand instrumentation technique for the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis from the root canal
Authors: Gorduysus Melahat , Nagas Emre , Torun Ozgur Yildirim , Gorduysus Omer 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the in vitro reduction of a bacterial population in a root canal by mechanical instrumentation using three rotary systems and hand instrumentation technique. The root canals contaminated with a suspension of Enterococcus faecalis were instrumented using ProTaper, K3, HeroShaper and K‐file hand instrumentation technique. Later the root canals were sampled. After serial dilutions, samples were incubated in culture media for 24 h. Bacterial colonies were counted and the results were given as number of colony‐forming units per millilitre. The results showed that all the canal instrumentation systems reduced the number of bacterial cells in the root canals. Statistically, ProTaper instruments were more effective in reducing the number of bacteria than the other rotary files or hand instruments.
Microstructural Characterization of Multiphase Chocolate Using X‐Ray Microtomography
Authors: Frisullo Pierangelo , Licciardello Fabio , Muratore Giuseppe , Del Nobile Matteo Alessandro 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  In this study, X‐ray microtomography (μCT) was used for the image analysis of the microstructure of 12 types of Italian aerated chocolate chosen to exhibit variability in terms of cocoa mass content. Appropriate quantitative 3‐dimensional parameters describing the microstructure were calculated, for example, the structure thickness (ST), object structure volume ratio (OSVR), and the percentage object volume (POV). Chemical analysis was also performed to correlate the microstructural data to the chemical composition of the samples. Correlation between the μCT parameters acquired for the pore microstructure evaluation and the chemical analysis revealed that the sugar crystals content does not influence the pore structure and content. On the other hand, it revealed that there is a strong correlation between the POV and the sugar content obtained by chemical analysis. The results from this study show that μCT is a suitable technique for the microstructural analysis of confectionary products such as chocolates and not only does it provide an accurate analysis of the pores and microstructure but the data obtained could also be used to aid in the assessment of its composition and consistency with label specifications. Practical Application: X‐ray microtomography (μCT) is a noninvasive and nondestructive 3‐D imaging technique that has several advantages over other methods, including the ability to image low‐moisture materials. Given the enormous success of μCT in medical applications, material science, chemical engineering, geology, and biology, it is not surprising that in recent years much attention has been focused on extending this imaging technique to food science as a useful technique to aid in the study of food microstructure. X‐ray microtomography provides in‐depth information on the microstructure of the food product being tested; therefore, a better understanding of the physical structure of the product and from an engineering perspective, knowledge about the microstructure of foods can be used to identify the important processing parameters that affect the quality of a product.
Lignocaine versus bupivacaine for flank anaesthesia using multiport catheters via a caudal epidural approach in cattle
Authors: DeRossi R , Verde‐Selva AB , Bertoni RA , Ruzzon RHS , Silva‐Neto AB 
Published: September 2010

Objective To determine the anaesthetic and systemic effects of dorsolumbar epidural anaesthesia using non‐stylet multiport catheters via the caudal approach to administer hypertonic 5% lignocaine (HL) or hypertonic 0.5% bupivacaine (HB) to the flank in standing cattle.Materials and methods Six healthy adult cattle weighing 310–455 kg received 0.2 mg/kg HL or 0.025 mg/kg of HB; control animals received 0.9% saline solution. All drugs were injected into the dorsolumbar epidural space via a caudal approach through a non‐stylet multiport catheter. Each animal received each treatment at random. Evaluations of anaesthesia, ataxia, heart rate, arterial pressures, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were obtained at 0 (basal), 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min after epidural injection and then at 30‐min intervals until loss of anaesthesia. All animals received a standard noxious stimulus and a 4‐point scale was used to score the response. A second scale was used to score ataxia.Results The duration of anaesthesia in the upper and lower flanks in cattle was 68 ± 12 and 110 ± 15 min (mean ± SD) after dorsolumbar epidural HL or HB, respectively. Both hypertonic local anaesthetics produced a mild ataxia. The systemic changes were within acceptable limits in these clinically healthy cattle.Conclusion In standing cattle the dorsolumbar epidural injection of hypertonic lignocaine provided faster onset of anaesthesia and fewer cardiovascular effects, but had a shorter duration of anaesthesia than hypertonic bupivacaine.
Novel biphenyl compound, VMNS2e, ameliorates streptozotocin‐induced diabetic nephropathy in rats
Authors: KURUNDKAR Sucheta B. , SACHAN Narsingh , KODAM Kisan M. , KULKARNI Vithal M. , BODHANKAR Subhash L. , D’SOUZA Serena , VANAGE Geeta , GHOLE Vikram S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  To study the effect of a new biphenyl synthetic compound showing interactions with the active site of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B by docking and molecular dynamics, VMNS2e in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic nephropathy in rats with various renal function parameters and renal ultrastructure.Methods:  Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg)‐induced diabetic rats were orally treated once daily with VMNS2e (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. The body weight and blood glucose levels of the rats were recorded during the study period. After 8 weeks of treatment creatinine clearance, urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen, urinary albumin excretion rate, and insulin levels were measured. An ultrastructure study of the kidney tissue was performed and the glomerular basement membrane thickness was measured.Results:  Eight weeks of VMNS2e treatment significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose level, attenuated elevating blood urea nitrogen levels, and reduced glomerular basement membrane thickness.Conclusion:  It is concluded that VMNS2e treatment at 30 and 60 mg/kg, when given for 8 weeks, partly ameliorated early diabetic nephropathy in diabetic rats.
Steroids‐Dopamine Interactions in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of CNS Disorders
Authors: Sánchez Maria Gabriela , Bourque Mélanie , Morissette Marc , Di Paolo Thérèse 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYIntroduction:Dopamine cell loss is well documented in Parkinson's disease and dopamine hypofunction is proposed in certain depressive states. At the opposite, dopamine hyperactivity is an enduring theory in schizophrenia with extensive supporting evidence.Aims:This article reviews the sex differences in these diseases that are the object of many studies and meta‐analyses and could be explained by genetic differences but also an effect of steroids in the brain. This article then focuses on the extensive literature reporting on the effect of estrogens in these diseases and effects of the other ovarian hormone progesterone as well as androgens that are less documented. Moreover, dehydroepiandrosterone, the precursor of estrogens and androgens, shows effects on brain dopamine neurotransmission that are reviewed. To investigate the mechanisms implicated in the human findings, animal studies are reviewed showing effects of estrogens, progesterone, and androgens on various markers of dopamine neurotransmission under intact as well as lesioned conditions.Discussion:For possible future avenues for hormonal treatments in these central nervous system diseases, we discuss the effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), the various estrogen receptors and their specific drugs as well as progesterone drugs.Conclusion:Clinical and experimental evidence supports a role of steroid–dopamine interactions in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, depression and Parkinson's disease. Specific steroidal receptor agonists and SERMs are available for endocrine and cancer treatments and could find other applications as adjunct treatments in central nervous system diseases.
The Effect of Tamsulosin Treatment on Erectile Functions in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) due to Benign Prostate Hyperplasia: Correlation between Improvement of LUTS and Erectile Function
Authors: MATSUSHITA Tomohiko , HASEGAWA Taro , NAKANO Masaru , TANAKA Toshiaki , IWAMOTO Teruaki 
Published: September 2010

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of tamsulosin treatment on erectile function in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods: Seventy‐five patients with LUTS received tamsulosin 0.2 mg once daily for 3 months. Subjective efficacy was assessed by International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) for LUTS and International Index for Erectile Function 5 (IIEF5) for erectile dysfunction (ED). Objective efficacy was assessed by prostate volume and urine flow rate. All measurements were performed at baseline and month 3. On the basis of IPSS ratio (month 3/baseline), the patients were classified into good responders (≤0.75) and poor responders (>0.75). Good responders to ED were defined as the patients who improved IIEF5 score 3 or more. Results: Seventy‐four subjects completed the study. IPSS score showed significant improvement, but IIEF5 score showed no significant change. Forty‐three patients (58%) were classified into good responders to LUTS. The baseline score of IIEF5 in the good responders was significantly higher than that in the poor responders. Negative correlation was recognized between IPSS ratio and baseline score of IIEF5. Nine patients (13%) were able to classify into good responders to ED, who had significantly smaller prostate volume and showed significantly lower IPSS ratio. Conclusions: The tamsulosin therapy for LUTS patients showed a significant improvement of LUTS, but no significant change of erectile functions. The better response to LUTS was seen in the milder ED patient. Tamsulosin therapy may be effective not only on LUTS but also on ED in the patients who have small prostate.
Bioenergetics assessment of fish and crayfish consumption by river otter (Lontra canadensis): integrating prey availability, diet, and field metabolic rate
Authors: Dekar Matthew P. , Magoulick Daniel D. , Beringer Jeff 
Published: September 2010

River otters ( Lontra canadensis ) are important predators in aquatic ecosystems, but few studies quantify their prey consumption. We trapped crayfish monthly as an index of availability and collected otter scat for diet analysis in the Ozark Mountains of northwestern Arkansas, USA. We measured otter daily energy expenditure (DEE) with the doubly labeled water method to develop a bioenergetics model for estimating monthly prey consumption. Meek’s crayfish ( Orconectes meeki ) catch-per-unit-effort was positively related to stream temperature, indicating that crayfish were more available during warmer months. The percentage frequency of occurrence for crayfish in scat samples peaked at 85.0% in summer and was lowest (42.3%) in winter. In contrast, the percentage occurrence of fish was 13.3% in summer and 57.7% in winter. Estimates of DEE averaged 4738 kJ·day–1 for an otter with a body mass of 7842 g. Total biomass consumption ranged from 35 079 to 52 653 g·month–1 (wet mass), corresponding to a high proportion of fish and crayfish in the diet, respectively. Otter consumption represents a large fraction of prey production, indicating potentially strong effects of otters on trophic dynamics in stream ecosystems.
Influence of exsolved gases on slope performance at the Sarnia approach cut to the St. Clair Tunnel
Authors: Dittrich J. Paul , Rowe R. Kerry , Becker Dennis E. , Lo K. Y. 
Published: September 2010

In 1993, over 100 years after the completion of the original St. Clair Tunnel and its approach cuts, work commenced on the new St. Clair Tunnel. The new tunnel used the existing approaches, but required additional excavation to widen and deepen the original cuts. In Sarnia, the new work initiated unusual deep-seated deformations on the south slope of the approach. Effective stress finite element analysis (FEA), using an elliptical cap soil model coupled with Biot consolidation theory, was used to model the 1993 construction, but initial predictions were unable to capture the trend of deformations noted in the field. Naturally occurring gases are frequently encountered near the base of the overburden in the Sarnia area and this phenomenon was observed during drilling investigations in the Sarnia approach cut. Including the effects of the presence of exsolved natural gases in fine-grained soils subjected to unloading in the FEA results in substantially better predictions in the trend of deformations on the slopes of the approach cut.
Relative bulk density as a measure of compaction and its influence on tree height
Authors: Zhao Yihai , Krzic Maja , Bulmer Chuck E. , Schmidt Margaret G. , Simard Suzanne W. 
Published: September 2010

Soil compaction often limits conifer regeneration on sites degraded by landings and roads, but inadequate understanding of the relationship between compaction and tree growth could lead to inappropriate soil conservation and rehabilitation efforts. We tested liquid and plastic limits, oxidizable organic matter, total carbon, particle size distribution, and iron and aluminum oxides on soil samples collected from five forest experiments in interior British Columbia. These data were used to estimate soil maximum bulk density (MBD) and relative bulk density (RBD); our objective was to relate RBD to tree growth. Height of interior Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Bessin) Franco) was limited when RBD was >0.72. For lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) and hybrid white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.), RBDs of 0.60–0.68 corresponded to maximum height, whereas RBDs of 0.78–0.87 appeared to limit height growth. The presence of surface organic material mitigated compaction and was often associated with lower RBD. Our results illustrate the usefulness of RBD to assess compaction and suggest that soil rehabilitation should be considered on disturbed sites where soil RBD is >0.80.
Dawn song of eastern kingbirds: intrapopulation variability and sociobiological correlates
Authors: Dolan Amy , Sexton Karen , Redmond Lucas , Murphy Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe quantify the singing behaviour of eastern kingbirds (Tyrannus tyrannus) in the 'dawn song' period to describe variation in performance, identify sources of variation, and identify the main recipient(s) of the information conveyed in the display. All males (N = 87) participated in dawn song, but the probability that a male did not sing increased if he was relatively isolated, and it was late in the season. The earliest and longest song bouts were made by males with many neighbours and when population level female fertility was high. High song rates were typical of males in dense nesting assemblages, early in the season and nest cycle, and when social mates were infertile. However, among males with active nests, song rates varied only with neighbour density and either date or population level female fertility. Given the strong inverse correlation between population fertility and date, we suspect that population fertility drove the relationships. The association of start time and song rate with population fertility, continuation of dawn song after territory establishment, and depressed song rate when mates were fertile, are all consistent with the hypothesis that the availability of extra-pair females is the primary factor selecting for male participation in dawn song.
Wavelet Analyses of Turbulence in the Hurricane Surface Layer during Landfalls
Authors: Zhu Ping , Zhang Jun A. , Masters Forrest J. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Using wavelet transform (WT), this study analyzes the surface wind data collected by the portable wind towers during the landfalls of six hurricanes and one tropical storm in the 2002–04 seasons. The WT, which decomposes a time series onto the scale-time domain, provides a means to investigate the role of turbulent eddies in the vertical transport in the unsteady, inhomogeneous hurricane surface layer. The normalized WT power spectra (NWPS) show that the hurricane boundary layer roll vortices tend to suppress the eddy circulations immediately adjacent to rolls, but they do not appear to have a substantial effect on eddies smaller than 100 m. For low-wind conditions with surface wind speeds less than 10 m s−1, the contributions of small eddies (&lt;236 m) to the surface wind stress and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) decrease with the increase of wind speed. The opposite variation trend is found for eddies greater than 236 m. However, for wind speeds greater than 10 m s−1, contributions of both small and large eddies tend to level off as wind speeds keep increasing. It is also found that the scale of the peak NWPS of the surface wind stress is nearly constant with a mean value of approximately 86 m, whereas the scale of the peak NWPS of TKE generally increases with the increase of wind speed, suggesting the different roles of eddies in generating fluxes and TKE. This study illustrates the unique characteristics of the surface layer turbulent structures during hurricane landfalls. It is hoped that the findings of this study could enlighten the development and improvement of turbulent mixing schemes so that the vertical transport processes in the hurricane surface layer can be appropriately parameterized in forecasting models.
Post-traumatic stress disorder, drug abuse and migraine: New findings from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)
Authors: Peterlin B Lee , Rosso Andrea L , Sheftell Fred D , Libon David J , Mossey Jana M , Merikangas Kathleen R 
Published: September 2010

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to be associated with migraine and drug abuse. Methods: This was an analysis of data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) to evaluate the association of PTSD in those with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic daily headache (CDH). Results: Our sample consisted of 5,692 participants. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates of PTSD were increased in those with EM and CDH. After adjustments, the lifetime odds ratio (OR) of PTSD was greater in those with EM (OR 3.07 confidence interval [CI]: 2.12, 4.46) compared to those without headache; was greater in men than women with EM (men: OR 6.86; CI: 3.11, 15.11; women: OR 2.77; CI: 1.83, 4.21); and was comparable or greater than the association between migraine with depression or anxiety. The lifetime OR of PTSD was also increased in CDH sufferers. The OR of illicit drug abuse was not increased in those with EM or CDH unless co-occurring with PTSD or depression. Conclusion: The lifetime and 12-month OR of PTSD is increased in those with migraine or CDH, and is greater in men than women with migraine. The lifetime and 12-month OR of illicit drug abuse is not increased in those with migraine or CDH unless co-occurring with PTSD or depression.