bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrapelvic two-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography in healthy and diseased subjects
Authors: Yoshikawa K , Sugimura K , Kawamitsu H , Ishida T 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
We evaluated the use of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) based on two-dimensional (2D) time-of-flight (TOF) technique in the pelvic vasculature. In the initial phase of this study, MRA was performed in 10 normal subjects for determination of the optimum imaging parameters. Systemically varied scan parameters included flip angle ranging from 20° to 90° by 10° increments and repetition time (TR) of 30, 40, and 50 ms. The optimum imaging parameters for intrapelvic MR angiography were found to be flip angle of 90°, pulse sequence of 30/4.9 (TR ms/TE ms). Using these imaging parameters, 70–100% of the second division branches of the internal iliac artery could be visualized in each subject. In the second phase of this study, we evaluated the use of MR angiography in patients with intrapelvic vascular disease by comparing its accuracy in evaluating the iliac arteries with that of conventional angiography. In patients with atheromatous disease, the MR angiographic determination was consistent with that of conventional angiography in 23 of 28 visualized arterial segments (82%). In eight lesions in patients with non-stenotic vascular disease or hypervascular pelvic tumours, all lesions were demonstrated clearly with MR angiography. 2D TOF technique with high flip angle excitation is suitable for the evaluation of main iliac branches and diseased vessels.
Afterloading radiotherapy for local persistence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Teo P , Leung S F , Choi P , Lee W Y , Johnson P J 
Published: July 2009

Abstract71 patients suffering from local persistence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after primary external radiotherapy were treated by afterloading intracavitary 192Ir. 66 (93.0%) had a complete response as evidenced by fibreoptic nasopharyngoscope examination and biopsy 4 weeks after the treatment. Significant prognosticators were studied by both monovariate and multivariate analysis. The early overall clinical stage at first presentation predicted a favourable survival. Local tumour control was adversely affected by advanced T-stage at first presentation, and by using a single 192Ir source, unilaterally applied to treat only one side of the nasopharynx. The intracavitary treatment was tolerated well and treatment complications were confined to the nasopharynx: chronic radiation ulceration (five patients) and diffuse telangiectasia (three patients).
A case of forgetful ness?
Authors: Tong P C , McLean L , Baillie S P 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
An obese 24-year-old man was admitted following a road traffic accident, during which he crashed into several cars and a shop. He had not been drinking alcohol, yet did not recall the incident. The family had noticed recent odd behaviour, episodic aggression and a glazed look at times. Apart from a minor whiplash injury, he was uninjured and clinically normal. A computed tomography (CT) head scan and encephaloelectrography were both normal. Routine investigations were unremarkable apart from a fasting glucose 0.9 mmol 1−1.
In view of the presenting symptoms and fasting hypoglycaemia, a CT scan of the abdomen was performed (Figure 1). What does this show?
Malpositioned Hickman line: what to do when all else fails
Authors: Mitchell A W , Higgins J N , Dick R 
Published: July 2009

Having attended the presentation by Taylor et al, given at the British Institute of Radiology' s annual meeting of May 1993, which discussed the use of the Amplatz gooseneck snare [1], we would like to describe a method for repositioning Hickman lines which may be useful when the usual techniques are unsuccessful.
In many centres Hickman lines are still placed by physicians and surgeons without the use of screening facilities. From time to time the tip of the line does not take the expected route and instead of lying in the distal superior vena cava or right atrium comes to lie in the brachiocephalic or the internal jugular vein.
The reproducibility of bronchial circumference measurements using computed tomography
Authors: Desai S R , Wells A U , Cheah F K , Cole P J , Hansell D M 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Objective measurement of bronchial damage in patients with bronchiectasis is needed to identify progressive disease. This study evaluates the inter- and intraobserver variation in computed tomography (CT) measurements of bronchial wall circumference and examines the precision with which CT measurements of the bronchi can be repeated in patients with bronchiectasis. Twelve patients were scanned and the circumferences of 61 subsegmental bronchi were measured independently on two occasions, by three observers, using a tracing facility on the CT console. To determine the accuracy with which previously acquired sections could be repeated, five patients were scanned on two separate occasions. The mean bronchial circumference measured by the three observers was 16.1 ± 8.3 mm. The standard deviations of differences between first and second measurements of bronchial circumference for the three observers (intraobserver variability) were: 0.60 mm, 0.67 mm and 0.40 mm. The standard deviation of readings for interobserver variability was 0.71 mm. The standard deviations of differences (and coefficients of variation) for measurements of bronchial circumference following rescanning were: 1.82 mm, 1.40 mm and 1.74 mm (9.9%, 7.6% and 9.3%, respectively). The reproducibility of measurements of wall circumference, between and within observers and between examinations, indicates that such measurements may be clinically useful in demonstrating the progression of bronchiectasis.
Outcome of 249 patients attending a nuclear medicine department with well differentiated thyroid cancer; a 23 year review
Authors: Balan K K , Raouf A H , Critchley M 
Published: July 2009

Abstract249 patients with well differentiated thyroid cancer attended the Nuclear Medicine Department of the Royal Liverpool Hospital (formerly housed at the Liverpool Clinic) from 1967 to 1990. Papillary carcinoma was histologically evident in 68% of patients and follicular carcinoma in 32%. Fifteen percent of all patients died of their cancer. The extent of initial surgery did not appear to influence the recurrence of disease, nor the patient survival. Univariate analysis showed that males had a worse survival rate than females during the 5 years after diagnosis but thereafter survival rates were similar. Multivariate analysis indicated that unfavourable survival factors were “age over 45 years at diagnosis” and “presence of distal metastases”. Survival was not significantly different with or without 131I ablation where there were no distal metastases. Outcome of pregnancy after 131I ablation gave no cause for concern. No serious complications were observed following 131I therapy. Serum thyroglobulin tests were introduced only half way through the review period and were helpful in predicting the presence of tumour recurrence but these data are to be discussed in another communication.
The influence of using an atraumatic needle on the incidence of post-myelography headache
Authors: Jones M J , Selby I R , Gwinnutt C L , Hughes D G 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the incidence of headaches following myelography could be reduced by using a needle with an atraumatic tip. 107 patients were studied in a trial of 22 gauge atraumatic versus 22 gauge bevel tipped needles. In the first 3 days after myelography, there was a significant reduction in the incidence of headaches in patients in whom an atraumatic needle had been used.
Osteosclerotic sarcoidosis of spine and pelvis: plain film and magnetic resonance imaging findings
Authors: Golzarian J , Matos C , Golstein M , Stallenberg B , Depierreux M , Struyven J 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The purpose of this report is to present the plain film and magnetic resonance imaging features in an unusual case of histologically-confirmed sarcoidosis involving the pelvis and spine.
Clinical evaluation of fast spin echo sequences for cranial magnetic resonance imaging at 0.5 Tesla
Authors: Hawnaur J M , Hutchinson C E , Isherwood I 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFast spin echo (FSE) sequences enable T 2-weighted MR scans to be obtained in a fraction of the time necessary for conventional SE sequences with long TR and long TE. Comparison has been made of a FSE sequence (TR = 4000 ms, effective TE = 100 ms, 2 NEX) with the T 2-weighted SE sequence (TR = 2000 ms, TE = 90 ms, 1–2 NEX) normally used in 35 patients referred for cranial MRI. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) for grey:white matter and brain:CSF on the FSE sequence compared favourably with variable echo (VE) sequences which take up to three times as long to acquire. Although the conspicuity of some pathological lesions such as multiple sclerosis plaques was inferior to that of conventional T 2-weighted SE scans, no lesions were missed on FSE scans. The FSE sequence was more prone to movement artefacts. The benefit of the markedly increased patient throughput made possible by using the FSE sequence outweighs the slight reduction in sensitivity for small lesions.
Three-dimensional computed tomography cholangiography: a new technique for biliary tract imaging
Authors: Gillams A , Gardener J , Richards R , Tan A C , Linney A , Lees W R 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Knowledge of the segmental anatomy and intersegmental biliary connections is an essential prerequisite to the effective management of patients with complex biliary strictures. Three dimensional (3D) imaging has the ability to demonstrate complex anatomical relationships that are difficult to appreciate on simple noninvasive two dimensional (2D) imaging. Our aim was to develop a technique for accurate, non-invasive 3D computed tomography (CT) cholangiography. Contiguous 4 mm CT sections were obtained through the liver during a dynamic bolus of 200 ml IV contrast. 3D surface reconstructions were then performed, the biliary system was isolated from surrounding hepatic parenchyma using segmentation and contrast threshold algorithms. 14 patients (six females, eight males, median age 68 years (range 48–82)) were studied. 13/14 had malignant biliary obstruction and one had obstruction secondary to a pancreatic pseudocyst. Obstruction was at the liver hilum in eight, the common bile duct in five and the common hepatic duct in one. Four patients had biliary endoprostheses but were symptomatic from inadequate drainage. There was good demonstration of the biliary anatomy, obstructed segments and intersegmental biliary connections in 13/14; irregular biliary dilatation secondary to primary sclerosing cholangitis rendered interpretation difficult in one. 3D cholangiography provided a useful adjunct to other imaging techniques. In particular, in patients with complex hilar strictures it aided implementation of appropriate interventional drainage procedures.
A clinical comparison between conventional and digital mammography utilizing computed radiography
Authors: Brettle D S , Ward S C , Parkin G J S , Cowen A R , Sumsion H J 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Previous work utilizing a specially designed mammographic test object has indicated that the image quality of computed radiography (CR) approaches that of a conventional film–screen technique of equivalent radiographic speed. In an attempt to correlate these results with the clinical situation a subjective rating study of the primary physical parameters of noise, sharpness, and contrast has been conducted. Using a randomized viewing sequence two radiologists experienced in mammography were asked to score these parameters utilizing a 5 point scale. A total of 138 images was used, 62% containing no abnormalities and 38% containing either microcalcifications, masses or both. Additionally, the observers scored their confidence of correct classification, and these results were then used to construct receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curves. The subjective rating of the physical parameters results produced similar results to those obtained using the test object, with CR images providing greater contrast than film. The resolution of CR, however,was lower than for film. Overall the noise levels were similar for both modalities, but the digital images occasionally contained high levels of dust artefacts. In one case these artefacts were mistaken for a cluster ofmicrocalcifications. The test object results and the parameter rating results indicate that CR approaches the performance of film–screen images. Statistically the ROC curves produced indicate CR images to be comparable to the film–screen combination. This may be because the increased contrast compensates for resolution limitations and these findings correlate with our clinical experience.
Correlation of serum prostate specific antigen levels and bone scintigraphy in carcinoma prostate
Authors: Oommen R , Geethanjali F S , Gopalakrishnan G , Chacko N , John S , Kanagasabapathy A S , Roul R K 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) has been suggested as an accurate means of monitoring prostate cancer. An analysis of PSA levels and bone scan findings was carried out in a heterogeneous group of patients with a view to determine whether PSA can accurately predict bone metastases in carcinoma prostate. Of the 48 patients studied, all 10 untreated cases had elevated PSA levels, eight having bone metastases. In 29 cases on follow-up after treatment of the primary, 10 out of 11 cases with normal PSA had a negative bone scan. In the nine who received hormonal therapy, the PSA levels were generally lower than others in the study group.Two out of four with normal PSA had bone metastases. In 26 cases with positive bone scans, 23 had elevated PSA levels (mean 109.9 ng ml−1). Among 22 patients who had normal bone scans, all 10 with high PSA were found to have soft tissue disease which could explain the elevated PSA. In those with normal PSA, 12 out of 15 patients had negative scans. PSA has fairly high sensitivity (86.5%) and negative predictive value (80%).But it suffers from low specificity (54.5%) and low positive predictive value (69.7%) for bone metastases. In an untreated patient with elevated PSA, a bone scan may be required to exclude bone metastases, whereas during follow-up after treatment, a normal PSA level may obviate a “routine” bone scan.
Can 99Tcm HMPAO leucocyte scintigraphy distinguish between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis?
Authors: Li D J , Freeman A , Miles K A , Wraight E P 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
This paper has retrospectively analysed the ability of 99Tcm HMPAO leucocyte scintigraphy to distinguish Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis. The diagnostic criteria were established by reviewing 99Tcm HMPAO leucocyte scintigrams in 123 patients with histologically proven Crohn's disease (83) or ulcerative colitis (40). Uptake in the right iliac fossa with or without other segments of colon, irregular bowel uptake, small bowel uptake or colonic activity with rectal sparing were all strongly suggestive of Crohn's disease. Left sided colitis was found to indicate ulcerative colitis. Total colitis occurred in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.The criteria were later tested in an additional 62 patients with excellent results (accuracy 98%). In 63 patients in whom the results of barium radiology were also available, the accuracy of scintigraphy was higher (93%and 83%, respectively). We conclude that 99Tcm HMPAO leucocyte scintigraphy can accurately distinguish between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in a large proportion of cases and appears to be more reliable than conventional radiology.
Estimation of effective dose from dose–area product measurements for barium meals and barium enemas
Authors: Hart D , Wall B F 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The International Commission on Radiological Protection has recommended the use of a new dose quantity “effective dose”. The doses to 22 organs of the human body are required for a formal calculation of this quantity. This paper shows that a quick estimate of the effective dose received by a patient from a barium meal or a barium enema can be made by multiplying the measured dose–area product for the complete examination by an appropriate conversion coefficient. Despite the varied techniques used for barium examinations, such an estimate is unlikely to be in error by more than 25%.
Transcatheter arterial embolization of obstetric and gynaecological bleeding: efficacy and clinical outcome
Authors: Yamashita Y , Harada M , Yamamoto H , Miyazaki T , Takahashi M , Miyazaki K , Okamura H 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
32 patients with uncontrollable genital bleeding resulting from postpartum haemorrhage (n = 15) or malignant neoplasms (n = 17) were treated by arterial embolization therapy on an emergency basis. The 15 patients with postpartum haemorrhage responded dramatically to treatment by embolization. Follow-up computed tomography or magnetic resonance studies in 12 cases showed haematomas in the pelvic extraperitoneal space, but most then reduced in size or disappeared spontaneously. In two patients with large haematomas, laparotomy was required. No serious complications developed and normal menstruation resumed in the women who did not undergo hysterectomy. In the 17 patients with malignant neoplasms, bleeding was temporally controlled in all, but recurred in seven and required re-embolization in three. One patient experienced slight numbness of the leg and another had a skin ulcer. All patients underwent subsequent treatment including radiation therapy (n = 10), operation (n = 5) or chemotherapy (n = 2). We conclude that arterial embolization has significant merits in the management of patients with uncontrollable genital bleeding.
Mediastinal computed tomography in a British Asian population
Authors: Leahy J F , Millar J , Fitzgerald R 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe describe a retrospective review of all the thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans performed on British Asian patients at New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton between January 1989 and April 1992. 39 patients were studied. Of 15 patients with active tuberculosis (TB), 14 showed mediastinal lymphadenopathy. In nine of these 15 patients this adenopathy was the only positive imaging finding, as neither lung parenchymal nor pleural abnormalities were detected on CT or plain chest radiograph (CXR). The patterns of node distribution and enhancement following intravenous contrast are described. We conclude that thoracic CT is useful in Asian or other high risk patients in whom active TB is suspected, but who lack definitive microbiological or CXR proof of diagnosis.
An audit of paediatric technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scans
Authors: Fishwick N G , Krarup K C , Belton I P , Finlay D B L 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Eighty-nine Technetium-99m-MDP scans performed between January 1987 and June 1990 at the Leicester Royal Infirmary were reviewed with regard to the indication, patient outcome and value of the scans in the patients' management. The significant finding was the value of a normal scan in the management of children with chronic pain.
Hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed radiologically, treated by transcatheter arterial embolization and limited-field radiotherapy
Authors: Le Pechoux C , Akine Y , Tokita N , Sumi M , Churei H , Takayasu K , Muramatsu Y , Wakao F , Hasegawa H 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Even though the resection rate for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has risen recently, many patients cannot be treated surgically because of the advanced stage of the tumour and/or coexisting cirrhosis. An alternative therapeutic approach for some of these patients is transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) which has become very common in Japan. However, it is not a curative measure, and an additional therapy is required to eradicate the residual disease. In this communication, we report a case in which a patient with HCC has been successfully treated by TAE followed by limited-field radiotherapy. The results suggest that this is a very promising therapeutic approach for HCC and that the potential of limited-field radiotherapy for HCC with or without TAE also needs to be explored.
Pulmonary calcification in smallpox handler's lung
Authors: Foster D R 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Smallpox handler's lung was first described by Morris Evans and Foreman in 1963. During the South Wales smallpox outbreak of 1962 several nurses were noted to develop a “flu-like” illness following an exposure to smallpox patients. The late development of pulmonary calcification in one of these nurses, who is now 74 years old, is described.
Lymphangiomyomatosis with spontaneous peritoneal rupture
Authors: Peh W C G , Law S , Fok M , Ngan H 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Radiological appearances of pulmonary and retroperitoneal lymphangiomyomatosis in a 47-year-old Chinese woman are described. Onset of abdominal symptoms and development of ascites heralded spontaneous rupture of retroperitoneal lymphangiomyomatosis, which is illustrated on computed tomography.
Infantile myofibromatosis—a review
Authors: Davies R S , Carty H , Pierro A 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Infantile myofibromatosis is a rare condition which usually presents in childhood. It has a wide spectrum of disease activity, ranging from a solitary cutaneous nodule, through to a multicentric form with widespread visceral involvement. We present four cases which demonstrate the diversity of this condition and its radiological findings, together with a review of the literature.
The ultrasonic assessment of osteopenia as defined by dual X-ray absorptiometry
Authors: Herd R J M , Blake G M , Miller C G , Parker J C , Fogelman I 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) studies of bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were compared with measurements of broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA) and velocity of ultrasound (VOS) in the calcaneus in 300 pre- and postmenopausal women (mean age 53 years). The women were referred for evaluation of possible osteopenia as defined by DXA. The ability of ultrasound measurements to predict osteopenia in women was compared with the ability of lumbar spine and femoral neck DXA scans to predict osteopenia in the hip and spine. A new ultrasound parameter obtained by combining BUA and VOS (combined attenuation and velocity (CAV)) was also evaluated. Linear regression analysis of the three ultrasound parameters and lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD gave weak but statistically significant correlations (r = 0.45–0.54). The correlation between spine and femoral neck BMD was statistically significantly better (r = 0.72). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound measurements in predicting patients with osteopenia. The areas under the ROC curves ranged from 0.64 to 0.75 and ultrasound parameters were shown to be poor at predicting osteopenia as defined by DXA. The ability of lumbar spine and femoral neck DXA measurements to predict osteopenia in the hip and spine, respectively, was statistically significantly better than any of the ultrasound parameters. Ultrasound measurements in the calcaneus did not appear to identify accurately patients with osteopenia defined by DXA measurements of bone density in the axial and appendicular skeleton.
An aid to radiation therapy simulation
Authors: Dunscombe P , Leszczynski K , Cosby S , Krispel F 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
We have mounted a transmission liquid crystal display unit on the head of a radiotherapy simulator and projected, using the field light, a digitized fluoroscopic image with treatment prescription overlay. It is suggested that this approach (i) can aid visualization on the patient of complex field borders including those defined by multileaf collimators; (ii) could play a role in computed tomography or magnetic resonance based treatment planning and (iii) contributes to configuring non-coplanar beams.