bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current practice in the removal of benign endometrial polyps: a Dutch survey
Authors: van Dijk Lotte J. E. W. , Breijer Maria C. , Veersema Sebastiaan , Mol Ben W. J. , Timmermans Anne 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the current practice of Dutch gynecologists in the removal of benign endometrial polyps and compare these results with the results of a previous study from 2003. In 2009 Dutch gynecologists were surveyed by a mailed questionnaire about polypectomy. Gynecologists answered questions about their individual performance of polypectomy: setting, form of anesthesia, method, and instrument use. The results were compared with the results from the previous survey. The response rate was 70% (585 of 837 gynecologists). Among the respondents, 455 (78%) stated to remove endometrial polyps themselves. Polyps were mostly removed in an inpatient setting (337; 74%) under general or regional anesthesia (247; 54%) and under direct hysteroscopic vision (411; 91%). Gynecologists working in a teaching hospital removed polyps more often in an outpatient setting compared with gynecologists working in a nonteaching hospital [118 (43%) vs. 35 (19%) p < 0.001]. These results are in accordance with the results from 2003. Compared to 2003 there was an increase in the number of gynecologists performing polypectomies with local or no anesthesia [211 (46%) vs. 98 (22%), p < 0.001]. An increase was also noted in the number of gynecologists using direct hysteroscopic vision [411 (91%) vs. 290 (64%), p < 0.001] and 5 Fr electrosurgical instruments [181 (44%) vs. 56 (19%), p < 0.001]. Compared to the situation in 2003, there is an increase in removal under direct hysteroscopic vision, with 5 Fr electrosurgical instruments, using local or no anesthesia. This implies there is progress in outpatient hysteroscopic polypectomy in the Netherlands.
Dynamics of internal carbon resources during masting behavior in trees
Authors: Miyazaki Yuko 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSeveral proximate factors of masting have been provided. Here, I focus on the role of internal factors, especially the relationship between internal carbon resources and modular structures in trees. I summarize various studies of carbon resource allocation for reproduction during masting events in terms of the proximate factors of masting and discuss the modular structure in which trees accumulate and consume carbon resources as well as the timing when internal carbon resources affect masting since trees have complex resource dynamics among organs. The resource budget model, which provides a simple mechanistic explanation of the masting mechanism, is supported by various study lines. This model assumes decreasing levels of stored photosynthate after flowering and fruiting. According to several studies, however, carbon reserves do not decrease after fruiting in species in which the modules autonomously allocate current photosynthate for fruiting. In addition, it is important to elucidate when carbon resources affect masting events because during their long developmental processes, trees pass through various stages until they produce maturing fruits to create successful masting events. To explore the mechanisms of masting in future studies, it would be important to figure out how and when candidate factors (including nutrients other than carbon) may influence the entire reproduction process, for example, using field manipulation experiments.
As to the Canonization of Matthew
Authors: Bacon Benjamin W. 
Published: October 2011

New Testament critics have waited more than half a century for an explanation of the following strange ending of a Syriac writing of the fifth century after Christ, first published by William Wright in The Journal of Sacred Literature for April 1866. We quote from his translation in that journal for October of the same year:But Joseph and Mary, when they saw the treachery of king Herod and the envy of the Scribes and Pharisees, arose and took the Child, and went to a foreign country and of a barbarous tongue; and there they dwelt for the space of four years, during which Herod continued to reign after (their flight). And at the commencement of the reign of Herod's son, they arose and went up from that land to the country of Galilee, Joseph and Mary, and our Lord along with them, and the five sons of Hannah (Anna), the first wife of Joseph. But Mary and our Lord were dwelling together in the house in which Mary received the Annunciation from the holy Angel.
Factors affecting the sex ratio in large populations
Authors: Teitelbaum Michael S. 
Published: October 2011

Summary and conclusionsTo summarize the findings presented here, only three of the five factors studied appear to be independently related to the sex ratio at birth. The significant negative birth-order effect, which in the first analysis accounted for a 2·6% shift in the relative odds of male birth, remained significant when adjustment for the race effect was provided in the second analysis. The magnitude of the effect was diminished by this adjustment, however, indicating that analysis for birth-order effects in the absence of adjustment for the race factor may lead to over-estimates of the importance of the birth-order factor.The significant race effect detected in the second analysis resulted in a 3% lower relative odds for a Negro male birth than that for a white. This racial difference, coupled with the non-uniform distribution of Negro births by paternal-age and birth-order categories, appears to be the source of the mysterious ‘interaction
effect’ between birth order and paternal age reported by Novitski & Kimball. The race effect remained significant after adjustment was provided for both the birthorder and socio-economic effects.
Do non-steroidal methods of contraception affect lactation?
Authors: Thomson Angus M. 
Published: October 2011

I have not encountered any evidence, anecdotal or otherwise, that lactation is influenced by male methods of contraception including coitus interruptus, or by female barrier or chemical (other than hormonal) methods.The use of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) has been claimed to enhance lactation. In Chile, Gomez-Rogers et al. (1967) studied 81 women fitted with IUDs at an average of 50 days post-partum, in whom the lactation half-life (time when 50% had stopped nursing) was 7 months 21 days. In 150 controls, the lactation half-life was 4 months 21 days, the difference being statistically significant.
Baby foods—a role for industry?
Authors: Morley David 
Published: October 2011

We have assumed from the temperate world that the cow is essential; we need to question this assumption. The answers will vary considerably from country to country. I suggest that there are two sorts of country: first, countries such as Bangladesh and Nigeria, where no possibility of a milk industry exists. Therefore, if milk is used it has to be imported.It is a presumption for us in the West to say so, but I suggest that the sensible action is to reduce progressively milk imports and to look at substitution of other materials. A certain amount of work has been done on soya milk; however this may not be suitable as it may be difficult to produce at village level. There are many other possibilities; for example, if a child with a chronic diarrhoeal problem is admitted to a hospital where I work it is fed on a mixture of chicken, glucose and oil. This sort of mixture could be made up in a village. We need to look at such possible alternatives for infant feeding.
Teenage pregnancy in England and Wales: some demographic and medico-social aspects
Authors: Rothman D. , Capell P. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThere have been substantial changes in the pattern of pregnancies to teenagers in England and Wales in the past 25 years. The number of births and abortions to teenagers has increased until the last 2–3 years since when there has been a decline. This paper looks at the changes that have occurred in the population structure and marital patterns of teenagers during these years, and examines teenage pregnancies and their outcomes with regard to some of the medical and social factors that may have influenced these changes.
Social influences on fertility at later ages of reproduction
Authors: Ware Helen 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThis paper focuses upon the social factors regulating sexual behaviour and fertility in the later years of the female reproductive period. Information from India, Africa and Europe is presented on traditional beliefs and constraints concerning the cessation of procreation and the modification of sexual relations in middle age. Data showing the diversity of attitudes and practices in India, Bangladesh, Nigeria, the USA and Australia are discussed. Findings are that, in all the areas examined, coital frequency declines with advancing age although the timing and extent of the decline varies. However, the extent to which procreation is expected to cease prior to the onset of biological infecundity varies markedly even between neighbouring cultures at the same level of development. In Western cultures, for personal reasons, wives expect that childbearing should cease well before the onset of infecundity and can state an exact age at which this should occur. In those African and Asian cultures where there is a social limit to continued reproduction, this is most commonly defined in terms of a life-cycle stage attained by the family as a whole; chronological age is rarely of any importance.
Sport and personality
Authors: Kane J. E. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryIn a wide-ranging survey, ways are examined in which human personalities can be categorized and the relevance of these categories to sporting performance is examined. The profiles produced by studies of the Eysenck and Cattell type, the significance of the ‘trait’ and the ‘interactional’ approaches and the correlation of personalities with physical performance are considered. The importance of such factors as achievement motivation, causal attribution, selfefficacy, mental rehearsal and concentration is examined. Consideration is given to the role of sport in the fulfilment of the personality.
Sex differences in athletic potential
Authors: Ferris Elizabeth A.E. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryAttention is drawn to fresh data available on female sporting performance and the narrowing gap between male and female performance in many sports. The author discusses attempts made to compare athletic potential in males and females and postulates the existence of a factor called athletic predisposition. The differences in performance amongst males and females possessing this factor are much smaller than in the population at large.
Migration and the formation of ethnic minorites
Authors: White Paul , Woods Robert 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThis paper considers three main issues. First, it deals with the underlying structural causes of international migration, especially labour migration, and the way they are liable to create ethnically distinct sub-populations. In achieving this it presents a typology of forms and characteristics of ethnic migration streams. Secondly, and by way of contrast, the case is argued for the need to consider ethnic migration from the behavioural perspective. Thirdly, reasons are described and suggested for the position of relative disadvantage in which many migrant ethnic minorities find themselves placed.
A study of returning fertility after childbirth and during lactation by measurement of urinary oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion and cervical mucus production
Authors: Brown James B. , Harrisson Patricia , Smith Margery A. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryLongitudinal studies involving weekly measurement of urinary oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion were performed in 55 post-partum women to identify the patterns of returning fertility. The women kept diaries of breast-feeding episodes, mucus symptoms and times of bleeding; some recorded basal body temperature and acts of intercourse. The study represented a total time of 36 years (7·8 months per woman). The majority of the women were breast-feeding throughout the study. During lactation amenorrhoea, there was complete ovarian quiescence in two-thirds of the subjects and minimal cyclic activity in the others. The first bleeds were associated with anovulatory ovarian activity in 40% of the women, with normal ovulation in 19%, with ovulation but short luteal phases in 25% and with ovulation but deficient luteal phases in 16%. The incidence of normal ovulatory cycles increased with time after delivery and with the number of cycles after delivery and eventually reached 85% even though many women were still breast-feeding at the time. Twenty-two pregnancies occurred, fourteen being unplanned: eight women were fully breast-feeding at the time of conception. Mucus symptoms correlated with the hormone values in approximately 60% of cycles. However, some women had symptoms which were difficult to interpret during their early cycles or potential fertility was not indicated by raised mucus scores or the presence of the peak mucus symptom. These problems together with the resulting confusion appeared to be the major causes for the unplanned pregnancies. Methods for coping with these problems are discussed.
Contraception during lactation: considerations in advising the individual and in formulating programme guidelines
Authors: Labbok Miriam H. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryLactating women are at reduced risk of conception, but the individual woman may not wish to accept even a reduced level of risk. The risk increases when infant feeding supplementation begins and an alternative form of contraception is then required for the lactating mother. The relationship between lactation and fertility, trends in prolonged lactation, factors affecting these trends, and contraceptive use during lactation are reviewed. Suggestions for advising individuals and formulating programme guidelines are discussed.
Risk factors of breast-feeding among Filipino women
Authors: Mejia-Raymundo Corazon 
Published: October 2011

SummaryAt a time when women's participation in developing countries and their breast-feeding practice are the objects of promotional campaigns, findings on the relationship between the two are required for formulating policies. Empirical findings from the 1973 National Demographic Survey in the Philippines strongly suggest the adverse effects of modernization on both the initiation and duration of breast-feeding. In this study a high level of education and working outside the house are found to be the modernization variables that are most effective in depressing the level and duration of breast-feeding practice, independent of the influences of other socioeconomic and demographic factors.
Preliminary observations on the return of ovarian function among breast-feeding and post-partum non-breast-feeding women in a rural area of Mexico
Authors: Rivera Roberto , Ortiz Eva , Barrera Margarita , Kennedy Kathy , Bhiwandiwala Pouru 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe relationship between the return of menstruation and ovulation and the pattern of breast-feeding was studied in a group of 29 women in a rural area of Mexico; eight non-breast-feeding post-partum women were also studied. The return of ovulation was assessed by weekly determinations of urinary pregnanediol. The number of suckling episodes and supplementary feeds was recorded. The cumulative probability of resumption of menses for the breast-feeders was 28% and 52% at 3 and 6 months, respectively, and for the non-breast-feeders was 75% and 88%. The cumulative probability of ovulation for the breast-feeders was 28%, 66%, 69% and 72% at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively, and for the non-breast-feeders was 50% and 100% at 3 and 6 months. The earlier the introduction of supplements the earlier the return of ovulation. The nonovulatory subjects maintained a higher frequency of suckling episodes than did the ovulatory subjects. The cumulative probability of pregnancy for the breast-feeders was 3%, 7%, 7% and 10% at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively, and for the non-breast-feeders was 13%, 38% and 50% at 3, 6 and 9 months.
Breast-feeding and fertility among Philippine women: trends, mechanisms and impact
Authors: Zablan Zelda C. 
Published: October 2011

In pre-transitional societies, contraceptive practice is usually low or absent and prolonged breast-feeding has been identified as the major factor in keeping marital fertility levels below the biological maximum (Bongaarts, 1978), so that the length of birth intervals is the strongest determinant of completed family size.In transitional societies there is accumulating evidence that, with increasing modernization, the percentage of women who initiate breast-feeding and the duration of breast-feeding are declining (Jelliffe & Jelliffe, 1972; McCann et al., 1981; Rosa, 1976). Shorter durations of breast-feeding are observed for women who are more educated, belong to the upper socioeconomic class and live in urban areas (Jain & Sun, 1972; Lesthaeghe & Page, 1980).
Determinants of contraceptive use dynamics: research needs on decision and choice
Authors: Mundigo Axel I. , Phillips James F. , Chamratrithirong Aphichat 
Published: October 2011

SummaryBecause of the importance of contraceptive behaviour in most societies today a better understanding is needed of the social and behavioural factors affecting contraceptive decisions and choices of individuals and couples. This paper examines the need for longitudinal, theoretically-based studies of contraceptive use dynamics, including the timing, duration and interaction of reproductive events which may be more important than contraceptive technology in the social, cultural and economic context of fertility control. New research methods and appropriate analysis of data are relevant. Consideration of the social context is essential for the formulation and implementation of effective policies relating to the provision of contraceptive services.
Comparative study of efficacy of graft placement with and without anterior tagging in type one tympanoplasty for mucosal-type chronic otitis media
Authors: Hosamani P , Ananth L , Medikeri S B 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives:To assess the efficacy of anterior tagging of graft material with respect to graft uptake and hearing results, in type I tympanoplasty.Study design:Prospective, randomised, cohort study.Methods:Sixty patients with chronic otitis media of the mucosal type, with pars tensa perforations, were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups: group one underwent type one tympanoplasty with anterior tagging, while group two underwent type one tympanoplasty without anterior tagging. Follow up included evaluation of graft uptake and hearing improvement.Results:There were 33 patients in group one and 27 patients in group two. The overall incidence of successful graft uptake was 96.96 per cent in group one and 81.5 per cent in group two. Closure of central and posterior perforations was successful in 100 per cent of both groups. Closure of anterior and subtotal perforations was successful in 95.45 per cent of group one and 54.54 per cent of group two.Conclusion:Type one tympanoplasty with anterior tagging of graft material is a suitable technique for anterior and subtotal perforations.
Visual loss following head and neck surgery
Authors: Crockett A J B , Trinidade A , Kothari P , Barnes J 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuritis is a known post-operative complication of ophthalmological and maxillofacial surgery, but has not been widely described as a potential consequence of head and neck surgery.Aim:To highlight non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuritis as a potential risk in patients undergoing head and neck surgery.Subject and method:Case report of a 60-year-old man undergoing total laryngectomy and bilateral neck dissection for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Result:On day 14 post-operatively, the patient suffered substantial oral bleeding secondary to an internal jugulo-neopharyngeal fistula. Following emergency haemostatic measures, the patient was immediately aware of visual disturbances. The ophthalmologists concluded that these were due to non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuritis, caused by acute hypoxaemia secondary to substantial blood loss.Conclusion:The prognosis of non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuritis is poor. Thus, it is crucial that otolaryngologists are aware of this complication of head and neck surgery, as immediate diagnosis and treatment can help prevent worsening visual loss.
Draping for neck surgery requiring endotracheal tube manipulation
Authors: Dalton C L , Clamp P J , Porter G C 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDuring airway surgery, the anaesthetist may be required to manipulate or withdraw the endotracheal tube. Traditional surgical head drapes often make access to the tube difficult, therefore limiting control of the airway and risking de-sterilisation of the surgical field. We report a new method of draping for major neck operations that permits easy access to the endotracheal tube while maintaining sterility of the operative field.
Experiencing Psychological Processes and Understanding Their Implications
Authors: Transue John 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article presents three classroom demonstrations designed to help instructors who would like to include some political psychology in their classes. All three demonstrations involve student participation and give the students direct experience with psychological processes relevant to political science. Specifically, I describe how I present the Stroop task, a priming task, and Tversky and Kahneman's Asian disease experiment in my own teaching. For each of the demonstrations, I give practical advice for classroom use, a short description of the psychological processes the demonstration illustrates, and a brief discussion of how those processes have been applied in political science.
The YAP Prolog system
Authors: COSTA VÍTOR SANTOS , ROCHA RICARDO , DAMAS LUÍS 
Published: October 2011

AbstractYet Another Prolog (YAP) is a Prolog system originally developed in the mid-eighties and that has been under almost constant development since then. This paper presents the general structure and design of the YAP system, focusing on three important contributions to the Logic Programming community. First, it describes the main techniques used in YAP to achieve an efficient Prolog engine. Second, most Logic Programming systems have a rather limited indexing algorithm. YAP contributes to this area by providing a dynamic indexing mechanism, or just-in-time indexer. Third, a important contribution of the YAP system has been the integration of both or-parallelism and tabling in a single Logic Programming system.