bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Up‐Regulation of Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity by Interleukin‐2: The Effect of Sex and Parity
Authors: Brett Rose , Searle Roger F. , Bulmer Dr. Judith N. 
Published: September 2011

PROBLEM: Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from some, but not all, female donors showed increased cytotoxicity in response to interleukin (IL)‐2.METHOD OF STUDY: The effect of IL‐2 on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity was compared in nulliparous females, parous females, and males. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were preincubated for 20 or 72 hr with 5 or 100 U/ml IL‐2 and cytotoxicity against K562 targets was then examined.RESULTS: In the parous females, only the 72‐hr preincubation with 100 U/ml IL‐2 significantly increased NK cell cytotoxicity, whereas nulliparous females also showed significantly increased cytotoxicity after a 20‐hr preincubation with 100 U/ml IL‐2. Neither female subject group had increased activity after preincubation for 20 or 72 hr with 5 U/ml IL‐2. However, male peripheral blood lymphocytes also showed a significant increase in NK cell cytotoxicity when preincubated for 72 hr with 5 U/ml IL‐2.CONCLUSIONS: The effect of IL‐2 on NK cell cytotoxic activity may be related to sex and the state of parity.
Transforming Growth Factor‐β Isoforms and Receptors in Endometriotic Cysts of the Human Ovary
Authors: Tamura Mitsutoshi , Fukaya Takao , Enomoto Akemi , Murakami Takashi , Uehara Shigeki , Yajima Akira 
Published: September 2011

PROBLEM: The present study examined the presence and cellular distribution of transforming growth factor‐β1, 2, and 3 isoforms and their type I and II receptors in endometriotic cysts of the ovary, relative to their presence in normal endometrial tissue.METHOD OF STUDY: Thirteen control samples of normal endometrium in the proliferative phase and 11 ovarian endometriotic cysts were examined by immunohistochemistry for transforming growth factor‐β1, 2, and 3 isoforms and their type I and II receptors.RESULTS: Immunoreactivity for all ligands and receptors was detected in both normal endometrium and endometriotic cysts. Isoform‐specific differences in immunostaining were not detected. Expression of all ligands and receptors was significantly increased in epithelial cells of endometriotic cysts compared with those of normal endometrium. On the other hand, stromal cells in normal endometrium and endometriotic cysts were only faintly immunostained. Inflammatory cells infiltrating among endometriotic stromal cells contained the highest immunostaining intensity for all ligands and receptors. We identified nearly all inflammatory cells as macrophages using a specific antibody.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that macrophages in endometriotic tissue are a major source of transforming growth factor‐β, which may be an important regulator of cell proliferation in endometriotic cysts through paracrine and autocrine actions.
Effect of Neonatal Treatment with a GnRH Antagonist on Development of the Cell‐Mediated Immune Response in Marmosets
Authors: Mann David R. , Lunn Stephen F. , Akinbami Mukaila A. , Samuel Kay , Waterfall Martin , Fraser Hamish M. 
Published: September 2011

PROBLEM: We examined the effect of neonatal treatment with a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist (antide) on the development of cell‐mediated immunity in male marmosets.METHOD OF STUDY: Neonatal marmoset twins were treated with either vehicle or antide, and the proliferative response (PR) of lymphoid tissue to mitogens was assessed during infancy, the peripubertal period, and adulthood.RESULTS: Basal proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from treated peripubertal twins was elevated above control values, but the PR of the cells to T and B cell mitogens was subnormal. Conversely, PBMC from treated infants exhibited an enhanced PR to some of the mitogens employed. In vitro culturing of thymocytes (control or treated) from the three developmental stages with either antide or a GnRH agonist increased basal proliferation, but decreased the PR to mitogens by 60–80%.CONCLUSION: Neonatal treatment with antide alters development of, but does not permanently impair, cell‐mediated immunity in the marmoset. GnRH appears to modulate immune responses throughout development in the primate.
Attenuated Salmonella enteritidis E23 as a vehicle for the rectal delivery of DNA vaccine coding for HIV‐1 polyepitope CTL immunogen
Authors: Karpenko Larisa I. , Danilenko Alexey V. , Bazhan Sergei I. , Danilenko Elena D. , Sysoeva Galina M. , Kaplina Olga N. , Volkova Olga Y. , Oreshkova Svetlana F. , Ilyichev Alexander A. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThis study is focusing on elucidation of the capacity of attenuated Salmonella enteritidis E23 (cya, crp) to serve as a vehicle for the rectal delivery of the DNA vaccine. Earlier for creation HIV‐1 candidate DNA vaccine we have designed the polyepitope protein TCI (T‐cell immunogen), which comprises over 80 CTL epitopes from subtype A, B and C HIV‐1 proteins. The gene coding for TCI protein was used to construct the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA‐TCI. The attenuated S. enteritidis E23 was transformed by electroporation with recombinant plasmid pcDNA‐TCI and the expression of the TCI gene was determined in vitro and in vivo. BALB/c mice were rectally immunized with S. enteritidis E23/pcDNA‐TCI (108 cfu) twice at 4 week interval. Bacteria were not pathogenic for mice and spontaneously eliminated from mice spleen and liver to 60 days post the immunization. Detectable antibodies were generated in 2 weeks after immunization and their level increased after second immunization. The results of INF‐γ ELISpot show that mice immunized with S. enteritidis E23/pcDNA‐TCI elicited HIV‐specific cellular immune response. This study demonstrates that attenuated S. enteritidis E23 is an effective live vector for rectal delivery of the DNA vaccine pcDNA‐TCI to generate humoral and T‐cellular responses against HIV‐1.
Comparison of the Performance of Statistical Models in Forecasting Monthly Total Dissolved Solids in the Rio Grande1
Authors: Abudu Shalamu , King J. Phillip , Sheng Zhuping 
Published: September 2011

Abudu, S., J.P. King, Z. Sheng, 2011. Comparison of the Performance of Statistical Models in Forecasting Monthly Total Dissolved Solids in the Rio Grande. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(1): 10‐23. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00587.xAbstract:  This paper presents the application of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), transfer function‐noise (TFN), and artificial neural networks (ANNs) modeling approaches in forecasting monthly total dissolved solids (TDS) of water in the Rio Grande at El Paso, Texas. Predictability analysis was performed between the precipitation, temperature, streamflow rates at the site, releases from upstream reservoirs, and monthly TDS using cross‐correlation statistical tests. The chi‐square test results indicated that the average monthly temperature and precipitation did not show significant predictability on monthly TDS series. The performances of one‐ to three‐month‐ahead model forecasts for the testing period of 1984‐1994 showed that the TFN model that incorporated the streamflow rates at the site and Caballo Reservoir release improved monthly TDS forecasts slightly better than the ARIMA models. Except for one‐month‐ahead forecasts, the ANN models using the streamflow rates at the site as inputs resulted in no significant improvements over the TFN models at two‐month‐ahead and three‐month‐ahead forecasts. For three‐month‐ahead forecasts, the simple ARIMA showed similar performance compared to all other models. The results of this study suggested that simple deseasonalized ARIMA models could be used in one‐ to three‐month‐ahead TDS forecasting at the study site with a simple, explicit model structure and similar model performance as the TFN and ANN models for better water management in the Basin.
Preferred surgical procedure for posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumor
Authors: Zhang Zhenrong , Liu Deruo , Guo Yongqing , Shi Bin , Tian Yanchu , Song Zhiyi , Liang Chaoyang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim:  To compare the outcomes of video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) with those of thoracotomy for the removal of posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumors.Methods:  Twenty‐four patients were enrolled in the VATS group and 29 were enrolled in thoracotomy group between 1996 and 2010.Results:  When compared with the thoracotomy group, patients in the VATS group had a shorter operation time (90 ± 29 min vs. 136 ± 41 min, P < 0.001), less blood loss (42 ± 12 mL vs. 209 ± 162 mL, P < 0.001), shorter time to extubation and discharge (2.5 ± 0.7 days vs. 3.1 ± 1.0 days, P= 0.027; 3.6 ± 0.6 days vs. 4.1 ± 1.0 days, P= 0.045).Conclusion:  VATS is a safe and effective surgical procedure for posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumors with better outcomes than thoracotomy.
Power management of online data-intensive services
Authors: Meisner David , Sadler Christopher M. , Barroso Luiz André , Weber Wolf-Dietrich , Wenisch Thomas F. 
Published: September 2011

Much of the success of the Internet services model can be attributed to the popularity of a class of workloads that we call Online Data-Intensive (OLDI) services. These workloads perform significant computing over massive data sets per user request but, unlike their offline counterparts (such as MapReduce computations), they require responsiveness in the sub-second time scale at high request rates. Large search products, online advertising, and machine translation are examples of workloads in this class. Although the load in OLDI services can vary widely during the day, their energy consumption sees little variance due to the lack of energy proportionality of the underlying machinery. The scale and latency sensitivity of OLDI workloads also make them a challenging target for power management techniques.
We investigate what, if anything, can be done to make OLDI systems more energy-proportional. Specifically, we evaluate the applicability of active and idle low-power modes to reduce the power consumed by the primary server components (processor, memory, and disk), while maintaining tight response time constraints, particularly on 95th-percentile latency. Using Web search as a representative example of this workload class, we first characterize a production Web search workload at cluster-wide scale. We provide a fine-grain characterization and expose the opportunity for power savings using low-power modes of each primary server component. Second, we develop and validate a performance model to evaluate the impact of processor- and memory-based low-power modes on the search latency distribution and consider the benefit of current and foreseeable low-power modes. Our results highlight the challenges of power management for this class of workloads. In contrast to other server workloads, for which idle low-power modes have shown great promise, for OLDI workloads we find that energy-proportionality with acceptable query latency can only be achieved using coordinated, full-system active low-power modes.
Laparoscopic resection of a lymphangiomatous cyst of the colon: a case report
Authors: Hoffmann Jonas , Kirschniak Andreas , Scharf Gregor , von Feilitzsch Maximilian , Königsrainer Alfred , Zdichavsky Marty 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Lymphangiomatous cysts are submucosal masses that are rarely found in the gastrointestinal tract and more often in the neck, oral cavity, and skin. These cysts are benign tumors and mostly clinically silent. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. Their pathogenesis remains unclear.

Case presentation
During a routine ultrasound examination of a Caucasian 25-year-old woman, a structure that raised our suspicions of an ovarian cyst was found. MRI showed a 4.5 cm cystic lesion in the cecal region. Laparoscopic exploration revealed unexpected contact with the ascending colon. The cyst, including its base and of portion of the colon, was resected laparoscopically. The histological examination revealed cystic lymphangioma.

Conclusion
Lymphangiomatous cysts of the colon are very rare lesions. Although their pathology is benign, the recommended treatment is resection, which can be performed with minimal invasiveness.
New insights into adipose tissue dysfunction in insulin resistance
Authors: Mlinar Barbara , Marc Janja 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn a state of caloric excess, adipose tissue plays an essential role by storing lipids. Its expandability determines the onset of metabolic syndrome (central obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and hypertension). When the adipocyte endoplasmic reticulum is no longer capable of processing the excess nutrients, the so-called “endoplasmic reticulum stress” develops. This triggers efflux of free fatty acids from adipocytes into the circulation and causes triglyceride overload in skeletal muscle, liver and pancreas. Adipose tissue hypoxia then develops, due to the failure of vasculature to expand with adipocyte hypertrophy. Increased catabolism in mitochondria leads there to oxidative stress. Both phenomena cause deranged adipokine secretion and low-grade inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and ectopic lipid deposition are the main mediators of insulin resistance and vascular impairment, which both lead finally to diabetes type 2 and cardiovascular disease. Recently, fibrosis of adipose tissue was also demonstrated in obesity, contributing to the interplay of deleterious factors forcing inflammation. The present paper reviews recent evidence for adipose tissue dysfunction, trying to define causes and consequences. In conclusion, insulin resistance and associated complications originate from excess lipids, which cannot be stored without limit in adipose tissue, thus affecting its integrity and adipokine secretion.
Instruments et pratique scientifique : l’évolution des choix et des pratiques dans le cabinet de physique des enfants de France à Versailles d’après les inventaires des Menus Plaisirs (1758-1765)
Authors: Mormiche Pascale 
Published: September 2011

Cette communication concerne l’enseignement scientifique des princes et la composition de cabinet d’instruments scientifiques. Le premier cabinet constitué à Versailles est celui des enfants de France établi sous le contrôle des Menus Plaisirs. À partir de 1758, il se compose d’instruments choisis parmi les 345 décrits dans le catalogue de l’abbé Nollet en 1738 dans son Programme ou Idée générale d’un cours de physique expérimentale. En 1762 sont déjà achetés plus de 180 objets scientifiques, instruments, matériaux et meubles qu’enrichissent les achats successifs qui se poursuivront en 1765, date à laquelle existe un autre inventaire. Aussi étonnant que cela paraisse, ces deux inventaires n’ont jamais été comparés, ni mis en perspective avec la liste faite lors des séquestres révolutionnaires.Ainsi ces deux inventaires successifs pour ce rare cabinet princier permettent de préciser la culture scientifique des princes grâce au choix minutieux d’objets commandés à l’abbé Nollet par l’équipe préceptorale qui enseigne aux princes. La politique d’acquisition de ces instruments donne des indications sur les pratiques scientifiques des princes. L’électricité fut-elle plus favorisée que la mécanique ou les fluides ? Quelle fut la place de l’observation de l’infiniment grand, de l’infiniment petit ? S’est-on procuré des instruments auprès d’autres constructeurs ? On peut comparer utilement avec un cabinet dont on connaît le rare inventaire d’achat, celui de Mme Du Châtelet et Voltaire possédant également des instruments Nollet. L’analyse de ces inventaires va bien au-delà du simple choix d’instruments pour constituer le cabinet de physique des enfants de France. Il s’agit de relier les instruments avec la pratique pédagogique des princes en montrant la création d’une « discipline scolaire » enseignée aux princes, alors que se déroulent des démonstrations publiques à la cour. Peut-on distinguer ainsi un cabinet d’éducation, un cabinet d’expérimentation, une collection d’instruments ?Cette communication part de sources historiques précises afin d’approfondir la connaissance de l’éducation scientifique du duc de Berry (futur Louis XVI) et de ses frères, restée souvent générale. Elle s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’épistémologie des sciences et des recherches pédagogiques sur la naissance de la culture scientifique qui eut lieu à Versailles. Elle prolonge les travaux de recherche actuels sur les cabinets de curiosité qui s’interrogent sur la pratique scientifique du xviiie siècle.
Preparation of HCV NS3 and NS5B Proteins to Support Small‐Molecule Drug Discovery
Authors: Hung Magdeleine , Wang Ruth , Liu Xiaohong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractProduction of high‐quality, well‐characterized recombinant proteins facilitates screening of compound libraries. The protocols detailed in this unit are used to purify three recombinant enzymes that are widely used in HCV research: the HCV NS3 protease domain, the helicase domain as an NS3+NS4A complex, and the NS5B RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase. The active enzymes are purified to homogeneity by two‐column chromatography to support a screening program for HCV inhibitors. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 54:13B.6.1‐13B.6.18. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Immunoblotting and Immunodetection
Authors: Gallagher Sean , Winston (tank transfer systems) Scott E. , Fuller (tank transfer systems) Steven A. , Hurrell (tank transfer systems; reversible staining of prote John G.R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractImmunoblotting (western blotting) is used to identify specific antigens recognized by polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies. This unit provides protocols for all steps, starting with solubilization of the protein samples, usually by means of SDS and reducing agents. Following solubilization, the material is separated by SDS‐PAGE and the antigens are electrophoretically transferred to a membrane, a process that can be monitored by reversible staining with Ponceau S. The transferred proteins are bound to the surface of the membrane, providing access to immunodetection reagents. After nonspecific binding sites are blocked, the membrane is probed with the primary antibody and washed. The antibody‐antigen complexes are tagged with horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase coupled to a secondary anti‐IgG antibody, and detected using appropriate chromogenic or luminescent substrates. Finally, membranes may be stripped and reprobed. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 52:6.2.1‐6.2.28. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transfection by Electroporation
Authors: Potter Huntington , Heller Richard 
Published: September 2011

AbstractElectroporation—the use of high‐voltage electric shocks to introduce DNA into cells—can be used with most cell types, yields a high frequency of both stable transformation and transient gene expression, and, because it requires fewer steps, can be easier than alternate techniques. This unit describes electroporation of mammalian cells, including ES cells for the preparation of knock‐out, knock‐in, and transgenic mice. Protocols are described for the use of electroporation in vivo to perform gene therapy for cancer therapy and DNA vaccination. Also described are modifications for preparation and transfection of plant protoplasts. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 52:20.5.1‐20.5.10. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
White monkey syndrome and presumptive copper deficiency in wild savannah baboons
Authors: Markham A. Catherine , Gesquiere Laurence R. , Bellenger Jean‐Philippe , Alberts Susan C. , Altmann Jeanne 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn immature wild savannah baboons (Papio cynocephalus), we observed symptoms consistent with copper (Cu) deficiency and, more specifically, with a disorder referred to as white monkey syndrome (WMS) in laboratory primates. The objectives of this study were to characterize this pathology, and test three hypotheses that (1) Cu deficiency may have been induced by zinc (Zn) toxicity, (2) it may have been induced by molybdenum (Mo) toxicity, and (3) cumulative rainfall during the perinatal period and particularly during gestation is an ecological factor distinguishing infants afflicted with WMS from non‐WMS infants. During 2001–2009, we observed 22 instances of WMS out of a total 377 live births in the study population. Visible symptoms exhibited by WMS infants included whitening of the animal's fur and/or impaired mobility characterized by an apparent “stiffening” of the hindlimbs. Occurrence of WMS did not vary significantly by gender. However, among individuals that survived at least 180 days, WMS males had a significantly lower survivorship probability than non‐WMS males. Zn/Cu ratios assessed from hair samples of adult female baboons were higher in females who had produced at least one WMS offspring relative to females who had not had a WMS offspring. This was true even when the hair sample was collected long after the birth of the female's afflicted infant. We consider this potentially indicative of a robust tendency for low Cu levels induced by elevated Zn intake in some individuals. No significant differences of Mo/Cu ratios were observed. Cumulative rainfall during gestation (∼179 days) was 50% lower for WMS infants relative to non‐WMS infants. In contrast, rainfall for the two classes of infants did not differ in the 180 days before conception or in the 180 days following birth. This finding highlights the importance of prenatal ecological conditions in healthy fetal development with regard to WMS. Am. J. Primatol. 73:1160–1168, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Male dispersal in a provisioned multilevel group ofRhinopithecus roxellanain Shennongjia Nature Reserve, China
Authors: Yao Hui , Liu Xuecong , Stanford Craig , Yang Jingyuan , Huang Tianpeng , Wu Feng , Li Yiming 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMost Old World monkeys show male‐biased dispersal. We present the first systematic data on male dispersal in a provisioned multilevel group ofRhinopithecus roxellana, based on 4.5 years of field observations in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China. We evaluated both ultimate (inbreeding avoidance and male mating competition) and proximate (food availability and predation risk) factors influencing male dispersal. The focal group contained 34–53 individuals, in 3–4 one‐male units (OMUs) and 1 all‐male unit (AMU). We observed 37 dispersal events involving 10 of 11 adults, 7 of 8 subadults, and 7 of 15 juveniles. Most interunit transfers within the focal group occurred around the months of mating season. Adult males competed for the leader positions of OMUs mainly through aggressive takeovers, and young males transferred from the OMUs to the AMU at the median age of 41 months, forced out by leader males. No young males older than 4 years remained in natal or non‐natal OMUs. The male mating competition hypothesis was supported. The young males emigrated voluntarily from the focal group at the average age of 58.6 months, and no young emigrating male was observed to return, suggesting inbreeding avoidance also played a role in the dispersal of young males. Most emigration/immigration events were parallel dispersal and occurred during intergroup encounters, suggesting increased predation risk during the dispersal period. Males were more likely to emigrate/immigrate during the months when preferred foods were most available. We compared the dispersal patterns inR. roxellanawith those in gelada baboons and hamadryas baboons, both living in multilevel societies. Similar toR. roxellana, young male geladas disperse at puberty, but they may return and breed in their natal groups. Males in hamadryas also disperse, but much less commonly than inR. roxellana. Provisioning may have influenced results, and confirming studies on unprovisioned groups would be valuable. Am. J. Primatol. 73:1280–1288, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.