bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Celiac Disease Markers and Gastrointestinal Disease in Children with Autism
Authors: Russo A.J. 
Published: February 2011

Aim This study was designed to determine if there is a relationship between celiac disease (CD) and the presence of gastrointestinal disease (GI) disease in children with autism. Subjects and Methods One hundred twenty-two children were tested for IgG and IgA anti-transglutaminase autoantibodies (55 autistic children with GI disease, 28 non autistic children with no GI disease, 30 autistic children with no GI disease, and 9 non autistic children with GI Disease). We also compared the presence/level of these autoantibodies to presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and level of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT). Results We did not find a significant difference in the level of anti-transglutaminase IgG or IgA in autistic children with GI disease compared to controls. However, we found a significant relationship between the presence of ANCA and low-level IgG anti-transglutaminase IgG in children with autism and GI disease. Discussion Although there appears to be no relationship between these celiac disease markers and the presence of GI disease in autistic children, these results suggest a possible association between sub diagnostic levels of anti-transglutaminase IgG and the presence of ANCA, and therefore, supports the hypothesis that there is a generalized autoimmune dysfunction in autistic children with GI disease.
The Safety and Efficacy of Methylphenidate and Dexmethylphenidate in Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Sopko Michael A. , Caberwal Harjeet , Chavez Benjamin 
Published: February 2011

Objective To review the literature on the safety and efficacy of methylphenidate, OROS-methylphenidate, methylphenidate ER, and dexmethylphenidate in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). To analyze the effects of different doses of methylphenidate, it's various formulations, and methylphenidate on efficacy and safety in this population. Data Sources Literature retrieval was performed through Pubmed/MEDLINE (Up to May 2010) using the terms methylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. In addition, reference citations from publications identified were reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction Double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trials, as well as crossover and open-label trials found using the search criteria listed above were included for review. Case reports were not included in this review. Data Synthesis Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric condition that is commonly seen in children and adolescents, that persists into adulthood for about 50% of patients. Methylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate are often prescribed to treat the symptoms associated with ADHD. The literature validating the safety and efficacy of methylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate in children and adolescents with ADHD is substantial. However, the literature specifically addressing the safety and efficacy of these medications in the adult population is less extensive and prescribing is often anecdotal based on child and adolescent data. Understanding the literature regarding methylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate and its effects in adults can enhance evidence-based medicine (EBM) and improve treatment outcomes Conclusion Methylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate are safe and effective medications to treat the symptoms of ADHD in adults. Based on the literature, increased doses are associated with better treatment response with moderate safety concerns. The different dosage forms available enable individualization of treatment.
Effect of the DASH Diet on Pre- and Stage 1 Hypertensive Individuals in a Free-Living Environment
Authors: Malloy-McFall Joan , Barkley Jacob E. , Gordon Karen Lowry , Burzminski Nancy , Glickman Ellen L. 
Published: February 2011

Background Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) has been shown to successfully reduce systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) when evaluated in clinically controlled environments but there is a lack of information regarding the efficacy of the original DASH diet when it is applied in a free-living environment. Purpose To provide descriptive data as to the changes in blood pressure individuals could expect to achieve when following the DASH diet in a free-living environment for 4-weeks with no additional behavioral modifications. Methods Twenty, pre- and stage 1 hypertensive participants were randomly split into 2 groups; DASH (males N = 5, females N = 5, age = 38.5 ± 10.8) and control (males N = 7, females N = 3, age = 38.1 ± 11.1). The DASH group was instructed on how to follow the DASH diet on their own for 4-weeks while the control group continued their normal diet. SBP, DBP, body weight, 3-day food diaries and physical activity recall questionnaire data were collected pre and post intervention using a traditional person-to-person instructional technique. Results Two-way ANOVA demonstrated that there was a significant group (DASH, control) by time (pre, post) interaction for SBP ( P = 0.003) and no significant effects for DBP. The interaction was due to a significant reduction ( P < 0.001) in SBP in the DASH group (pre: 141.3 ± 11.3 mmHg vs. post: 130.7 ± 9.1 mmHg) over the course of the intervention with no change in SBP in the control group (pre: 133.5 ± 6.6 mmHg vs. post: 131.9 ± 8.9 mmHg). Pearson's correlation analyses revealed that changes in potential moderators of blood pressure including body weight, BMI, sodium intake and total kilocalories were each not associated with changes in SBP (r ≤ 0.14, P ≥ 0.5) or DBP (r < 0.10, P ≥ 0.6) pre- to post-treatment. Chi-square demonstrated no significant differences in the number of participants per group (n = 4 DASH, n = 1 control) who indicated increasing physical activity during the intervention. Conclusion DASH diet followed in a free-living environment significantly reduced SBP but not DBP. However, the changes in SBP and DBP were very similar to those noted in controlled clinical feeding evaluations of the DASH diet. Presently, none of the potential moderators of blood pressure that were assessed were independently associated with the observed changes in blood pressure which may be due to our small sample size or the possibility that it is the combined change in multiple factors that lead to reductions in blood pressure when following the DASH diet.
Multiphysic Two-Phase Flow Lattice Boltzmann: Droplets with Realistic Representation of the Interface
Authors: Dupuy Pablo M. , Fernandino María , Jakobsen Hugo A. , Svendsen Hallvard F. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFree energy lattice Boltzmann methods are well suited for the simulation of two phase flow problems. The model for the interface is based on well understood physical grounds. In most cases a numerical interface is used instead of the physical one because of lattice resolution limitations. In this paper we present a framework where we can both follow the droplet behavior in a coarse scale and solve the interface in a fine scale simultaneously. We apply the method for the simulation of a droplet using an interface to diameter size ratio of 1 to 280. In a second simulation, a small droplet coalesces with a 42 times larger droplet producing on it only a small capillary wave that propagates and dissipates.
Three-Dimensional Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Two-Phase Flow Containing a Deformable Body with a Viscoelastic Membrane
Authors: Murayama Toshiro , Yoshino Masato , Hirata Tetsuo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with an elastic model is applied to the simulation of two-phase flows containing a deformable body with a viscoelastic membrane. The numerical method is based on the LBM for incompressible two-phase fluid flows with the same density. The body has an internal fluid covered by a viscoelastic membrane of a finite thickness. An elastic model is introduced to the LBM in order to determine the elastic forces acting on the viscoelastic membrane of the body. In the present method, we take account of changes in surface area of the membrane and in total volume of the body as well as shear deformation of the membrane. By using this method, we calculate two problems, the behavior of an initially spherical body under shear flow and the motion of a body with initially spherical or biconcave discoidal shape in square pipe flow. Calculated deformations of the body (the Taylor shape parameter) for various shear rates are in good agreement with other numerical results. Moreover, tank-treading motion, which is a characteristic motion of viscoelastic bodies in shear flows, is simulated by the present method.
A New Boundary Condition for Three-Dimensional Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Capillary Filling in Rough Micro-Channels
Authors: De Maio Alessandro , Palpacelli Silvia , Succi Sauro 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA new boundary condition, aimed at inhibiting near-wall condensation effects in lattice Boltzmann simulations of capillary flows in micro-corrugated channels, is introduced. The new boundary condition is validated against analytical solutions for smooth channels and demonstrated for the case of three-dimensional microflows over randomly corrugated walls.
Cross Correlators and Galilean Invariance in Fluctuating Ideal Gas Lattice Boltzmann Simulations
Authors: Kaehler Goetz , Wagner Alexander 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe analyze the Lattice Boltzmann method for the simulation of fluctuating hydrodynamics by Adhikari et al. [Europhys. Lett., 71 (2005), 473-479] and find that it shows excellent agreement with theory even for small wavelengths as long as a stationary system is considered. This is in contrast to other finite difference and older lattice Boltzmann implementations that show convergence only in the limit of large wavelengths. In particular cross correlators vanish to less than 0.5%. For larger mean velocities, however, Galilean invariance violations manifest themselves.
Topography of Patchy Retinal Whitening during Acute Perfused Retinal Vein Occlusion by Optical Coherence Tomography and Adaptive Optics Fundus Imaging
Authors: Sarda Valerie , Nakashima Kiyoko , Wolff Benjamin , Sahel Jose-Alain , Paques Michel 
Published: February 2011

Purpose During perfused retinal vein occlusions, patchy retinal opacification due to acute neuronal swelling may be present. This may be difficult to document using conventional imaging techniques. Methods Three-dimensional topography of focal retinal opacification was documented in a patient with hemiretinal vein occlusion by combining en face adaptive optics (AO) imaging with high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results Patchy retinal opacification in the macula was faintly visible by color fundus photography with no angiographic correlation. Adaptive optics and OCT imaging showed that these areas were located in the plexiform layers while the nerve fiber layer remained spared. During follow-up, visual acuity returned to 20/20 with normalization of fundus features and of AO imaging. At last examination, optical coherence tomography showed thinning of the inner nuclear layer in the area previously opacified. Conclusions Patchy retinal opacification that may be observed at the acute phase of perfused central retinal vein occlusion corresponds to ischemic opacification of intermediary neurons within the inner nuclear and inner plexiform layers.
Passive green space exposure leading to lower aggression: The mediating role of sense of control
Authors: Liu Jia , Liu Siyi , Sun Xiaomin , Meng Yilin , Yang Zhihui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGreen spaces, integral to natural environments, have been extensively studied for their positive impact on mental health, yet their influence on social behavior, particularly aggression, is less explored. While prior research has predominantly emphasized the effects of actively engaging with nature, the significant role of passive nature exposure—a more common daily occurrence—has often been overlooked. We conducted two studies to explore the influence of passive green space exposure on aggression and the mediating effect of the sense of control. Study 1 (N = 240) utilized a cross‐sectional survey to assess the relationship between passive green space exposure, sense of control, and aggression. Study 2 (N = 260) employed a single‐factor between‐subjects experimental design to further explore these relationships in a controlled environment. The results from both studies indicated that passive green space exposure is negatively related to aggression, and that this relationship is partially mediated by an increased sense of control. Specifically, passive green space exposure was found to negatively predict aggression by bolstering individuals' sense of control. These findings underscore the potential of enhancing the sense of control through environmental factors like green spaces as an effective strategy to reduce aggression. This study enriches our understanding of the broader impacts of green spaces, extending beyond mental health to include social behaviors. We discussed both the theoretical and practical implications of our findings, highlighting how urban planning and environmental design can incorporate green spaces to foster community well‐being and mitigate aggressive behaviors.
Magnetic resonance image reconstruction based on image decomposition constrained by total variation and tight frame
Authors: Wang Guohe , Zhang Xi , Guo Li 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a commonly used tool in clinical medicine, but it suffers from the disadvantage of slow imaging speed. To address this, we propose a novel MRI reconstruction algorithm based on image decomposition to realize accurate image reconstruction with undersampled k‐space data.MethodsIn our algorithm, the MR images to be recovered are split into cartoon and texture components utilizing image decomposition theory. Different sparse transform constraints are applied to each component based on their morphological structure characteristics. The total variation transform constraint is used for the smooth cartoon component, while the L0 norm constraint of tight frame redundant transform is used for the oscillatory texture component. Finally, an alternating iterative minimization approach is adopted to complete the reconstruction.ResultsNumerous numerical experiments are conducted on several MR images and the results consistently show that, compared with the existing classical compressed sensing algorithm, our algorithm significantly improves the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio of the reconstructed images and preserves more image details.ConclusionsOur algorithm harnesses the sparse characteristics of different image components to reconstruct MR images accurately with highly undersampled data. It can greatly accelerate MRI speed and be extended to other imaging reconstruction fields.
Training task‐selection skills: The effect of prompts and explicit instruction on transfer
Authors: Pieplenbosch Jane , van den Broek Gesa , Hoogerheide Vincent , van Gog Tamara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor effective self‐regulated learning with problem‐solving tasks, students must accurately assess their performance and select a suitable next learning task. However, most students struggle with this. Recent research shows that self‐assessment and task‐selection skills can be trained through video modeling examples (SATS‐training). However, the limited research available suggests that students struggle to transfer trained task‐selection skills to other problem‐solving contexts. We investigated whether guidance in the form of prompts (stating that the task‐selection procedure can be adapted and used) or explicit instruction (on how the procedure can be adapted) would improve task‐selection accuracy on transfer tasks with this guidance available and on later, unguided transfer tasks. Explicit instruction significantly enhanced task‐selection accuracy compared to prompts and a no‐guidance control condition on guided transfer tasks, but not on unguided transfer tasks. Thus, it remains a question how to lastingly improve transfer of task‐selection skills also in the absence of guidance.
Adenoma detection rate of screening colonoscopy among age 40–75 years: Implications for lowering the age for colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Chang Tsan‐Hsuan , Chong Lee‐Won , Chang Hung‐Chuen , Liu Yu‐Hwa , Sun Cheuk‐Kay , Yang Kou‐Ching , Lin Yu‐Min 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIncidence of early‐onset colorectal cancer is on the rise, prompting updated international guidelines recommending screening for average‐risk individuals starting at age 45. Adenoma detection rate (ADR) serves as a crucial quality indicator for colonoscopy (CFS), with a current benchmark of 25% for screening CFS starting at age 50. However, the impact of lowering the screening age on ADR remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the ADR in average‐risk individuals who undergo screening colonoscopy at an age older than 40. Participants who underwent a complete colonoscopy for health examination at a medical center between January 2014 and February 2020 were enrolled in this study. We excluded colonoscopies performed on individuals younger than 40 years of age or older than 75 years of age, as well as those conducted for surveillance purposes. ADR was defined as the percentage of colonoscopies with at least one colorectal adenoma detected. We calculated the ADR for different age groups, including 40–44, 45–49, 50–54, and 55–75, to understand the age‐specific ADR of screening colonoscopy. Additionally, we evaluated the ADR among participants who started screening colonoscopy at ages ≥40, ≥45, and ≥50 to understand the impact of starting age on ADR. A p value <.05, determined by the chi‐square test, was considered significant. Among the 33 073 CFS completed during the study period, 5852 CFS examined in patients aged younger than 40 years, 344 CFS examined in patients aged older than 75, and 6881 CFS with surveillance indication were excluded, leaving 19 996 CFS enrolled for analysis. The mean age of the participants was 53, with 57% being male and 43% being female. The ADR for the age groups of 40–44, 45–49, 50–54, and 55–75 were 28.0% (1058/3778), 31.8% (1191/3741), 35.6% (1387/3891), and 44.2% (3794/8586), respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p < .01). The ADR for age ≥40, ≥45, and ≥50 were 37.2% (7430/19996), 40.1% (6372/15874), and 41.5% (5181/12477), respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p < .01). The findings of our study indicate that there are notable differences in ADR among various age groups. Lowering the screening age might result in a decrease in the overall ADR. However, our results suggest that even if CRC screening begins at age 40 or 45, the current benchmark of 25% ADR for screening colonoscopy may still be maintained. These findings provide valuable insights into the age‐ and gender‐specific prevalence of adenomas in colonoscopy screening and can be used to inform future screening guidelines and recommendations.
Genetically correlated leaf tensile and morphological traits are driven by growing season length in a widespread perennial grass
Authors: Durant P. Camilla , Bhasin Amit , Juenger Thomas E. , Heckman Robert W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPremiseLeaf tensile resistance, a leaf's ability to withstand pulling forces, is an important determinant of plant ecological strategies. One potential driver of leaf tensile resistance is growing season length. When growing seasons are long, strong leaves, which often require more time and resources to construct than weak leaves, may be more advantageous than when growing seasons are short. Growing season length and other ecological conditions may also impact the morphological traits that underlie leaf tensile resistance.MethodsTo understand variation in leaf tensile resistance, we measured size‐dependent leaf strength and size‐independent leaf toughness in diverse genotypes of the widespread perennial grass Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) in a common garden. We then used quantitative genetic approaches to estimate the heritability of leaf tensile resistance and whether there were genetic correlations between leaf tensile resistance and other morphological traits.ResultsLeaf tensile resistance was positively associated with aboveground biomass (a proxy for fitness). Moreover, both measures of leaf tensile resistance exhibited high heritability and were positively genetically correlated with leaf lamina thickness and leaf mass per area (LMA). Leaf tensile resistance also increased with the growing season length in the habitat of origin, and this effect was mediated by both LMA and leaf thickness.ConclusionsDifferences in growing season length may promote selection for different leaf lifespans and may explain existing variation in leaf tensile resistance in P. virgatum. In addition, the high heritability of leaf tensile resistance suggests that P. virgatum will be able to respond to climate change as growing seasons lengthen.
CRISPR/Cas9 mediated validation of spermatogenesis‐related gene, tssk2 as a component of genetic pest management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Anu Cholenahalli Narayanappa , Ashok Karuppannasamy , Bhargava Chikmagalur Nagaraja , Dhawane Yogi , Manamohan Maligeppagol , Jha Grish Kumar , Asokan Ramasamy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInvasive insect pests, currently, pose a serious economic threat to several staple crops all over the world, one such being the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. It was first observed in Africa since 2016, outside of its natural habitat in the Americas. Subsequently, it invaded several countries in South and South East Asia and also very recently in Australia. In all the newly invaded regions, maize is the principal crop attacked causing a serious economic concern to the poor farmers, particularly in the developing countries. Owing to the innate genetic ability, it defies many of the management options that include insecticides, Bt transgenics, and so forth. This is due to its high mobility, polyphagy and ability for quick development of resistance to several classes of insecticides. At this critical juncture, CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing has shown a lot of promise in developing a novel area‐wide pest management strategy called precision‐guided sterile insect technique (pgSIT). pgSIT was initially demonstrated in Drosophila melanogaster which holds a greater promise for the environmentally friendly management of several globally significant agricultural pests such as S. frugiperda. Therefore, before developing both sgRNA and Cas9 transgenic lines, we have validated the target gene such as tssk2 through a non‐transgenic approach by microinjecting ribo nucleo protein complex (Cas9 protein and tssk2 sgRNA) into G0 eggs of S. frugiperda. In the current investigation, we have obtained five edited males with distinct mutations which were further used for crossing studies to ascertain the effect of tssk2 editing affecting egg hatchability.