bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of Higgs boson radiation from TeV black holes on the hadronic cross section at the LHC
Authors: Sepehri A. , Zomorrodian M.E. , Moradi Marjaneh A. , Eslami P. , Shoorvazi S. 
Published: January 2012

In curved space–time near TeV black holes many gluons and quarks produced by the Unruh effect interact with each other and create Higgs bosons. We study the Unruh effect and show that, for gluons and quarks, the internal stationary state of a Schwarzschild black hole can be represented by a maximally entangled two-mode squeezed state of outgoing and infalling Hawking radiation. We consider different channels for Higgs boson production near event horizons of mini black holes at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and obtain the cross section in each channel. We observe that the cross section of a Higgs boson produced via gluon fusion near a single black hole is much larger for smaller black hole masses. This is because the temperature of the black hole becomes larger as the mass becomes smaller and the thermal radiation of the gluons is enhanced. At lower mass, MBH < 4 TeV, the black hole will not be able to emit Higgs, but will still be able to produce a quark; for MBH < 3 TeV the black hole can only emit massless gluons. We show that as the black hole mass at the LHC increases (4 TeV < MBH < 8 TeV) most of the Higgs boson production is due to the Unruh effect near the event horizon of the black hole. Comparing these Higgs boson cross sections with Higgs boson cross sections in perturbative quantum chromodynamics, we find that micro black holes can be a source of Higgs production at the LHC. Finally, we calculate the effects of Higgs boson radiation due to mini black holes on the hadronic cross section at the LHC. We observe that as the order of perturbation theory increases this effect becomes systematically more significant because at higher orders there exist more channels for Higgs production and, in our calculations, Higgs decay into massive quark–antiquark pairs. At smaller masses, MBH < 2 TeV, the hadronic cross section at leading order is large while the cross sections at next-to-leading order and at next-to-next-to-leading order are rising at MBH ∼ 2 and 3 TeV, respectively, and exhibit a turn-over at moderate values of black hole mass.
Metformin Reduces Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species and Associated DNA Damage
Authors: Algire Carolyn , Moiseeva Olga , Deschênes-Simard Xavier , Amrein Lilian , Petruccelli Luca , Birman Elena , Viollet Benoit , Ferbeyre Gerardo , Pollak Michael N. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Pharmacoepidemiologic studies provide evidence that use of metformin, a drug commonly prescribed for type II diabetes, is associated with a substantial reduction in cancer risk. Experimental models show that metformin inhibits the growth of certain neoplasms by cell autonomous mechanisms such as activation of AMP kinase with secondary inhibition of protein synthesis or by an indirect mechanism involving reduction in gluconeogenesis leading to a decline in insulin levels and reduced proliferation of insulin-responsive cancers. Here, we show that metformin attenuates paraquat-induced elevations in reactive oxygen species (ROS), and related DNA damage and mutations, but has no effect on similar changes induced by H202, indicating a reduction in endogenous ROS production. Importantly, metformin also inhibited Ras-induced ROS production and DNA damage. Our results reveal previously unrecognized inhibitory effects of metformin on ROS production and somatic cell mutation, providing a novel mechanism for the reduction in cancer risk reported to be associated with exposure to this drug. Cancer Prev Res; 5(4); 536–43. ©2012 AACR.
Proteomics Analysis of Cardiac Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in a Porcine Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Barallobre-Barreiro Javier , Didangelos Athanasios , Schoendube Friedrich A. , Drozdov Ignat , Yin Xiaoke , Fernández-Caggiano Mariana , Willeit Peter , Puntmann Valentina O. , Aldama-López Guillermo , Shah Ajay M. , Doménech Nieves , Mayr Manuel 
Published: January 2012

Background—
After myocardial ischemia, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition occurs at the site of the focal injury and at the border region.

Methods and Results—
We have applied a novel proteomic method for the analysis of ECM in cardiovascular tissues to a porcine model of ischemia/reperfusion injury. ECM proteins were sequentially extracted and identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. For the first time, ECM proteins such as cartilage intermediate layer protein 1, matrilin-4, extracellular adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1, collagen α-1(XIV), and several members of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family, including asporin and prolargin, were shown to contribute to cardiac remodeling. A comparison in 2 distinct cardiac regions (the focal injury in the left ventricle and the border region close to the occluded coronary artery) revealed a discordant regulation of protein and mRNA levels; although gene expression for selected ECM proteins was similar in both regions, the corresponding protein levels were much higher in the focal lesion. Further analysis based on >100 ECM proteins delineated a signature of early- and late-stage cardiac remodeling with transforming growth factor-β1 signaling at the center of the interaction network. Finally, novel cardiac ECM proteins identified by proteomics were validated in human left ventricular tissue acquired from ischemic cardiomyopathy patients at cardiac transplantation.

Conclusion—
Our findings reveal a biosignature of early- and late-stage ECM remodeling after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, which may have clinical utility as a prognostic marker and modifiable target for drug discovery.
A Warm-Bin–Cold-Bulk Hybrid Cloud Microphysical Model*
Authors: Onishi Ryo , Takahashi Keiko 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study describes a newly developed bin–bulk hybrid cloud microphysical model named MSSG-Bin, which has been implemented in the Multi-Scale Simulator for the Geoenvironment (MSSG). In the hybrid approach, a spectral bin scheme is used for liquid droplets, while a bulk scheme is used for solid particles. That is, the expensive but more reliable spectral bin scheme treats the relatively well-understood physics of the liquid phase, and the computationally efficient but less robust bulk scheme is used to treat the poorly understood physics of the ice phase. In the bulk part, the prognostic variables are the mixing ratios of cloud ice, snow, and graupel and the number density of cloud ice particles. The bulk component is consistent with MSSG-Bulk, which is a conventional bulk model implemented in MSSG. One-dimensional kinetic simulations and three-dimensional cloud simulations have confirmed the reliability of MSSG-Bin for warm clouds, free from the approximations made in bulk parameterizations, and its applicability to cold clouds, without the significant additional costs required for a bin treatment of the ice phase. Compared with MSSG-Bulk, MSSG-Bin with 33 bins requires 8.3 times more floating-point operations for a one-dimensional shallow convection case, and 4.9 times more for a three-dimensional shallow convection case. Present results have shown the feasibility of using this model for a 25-m-resolution simulation of shallow cumulus on a 512 × 512 × 200 grid.
Short-Range (0–12 h) PQPFs from Time-Lagged Multimodel Ensembles Using LAPS
Authors: Chang Hui-Ling , Yuan Huiling , Lin Pay-Liam 
Published: January 2012

This study pioneers the development of short-range (0–12 h) probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts (PQPFs) in Taiwan and aims to produce the PQPFs from time-lagged multimodel ensembles using the Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS). By doing so, the critical uncertainties in prediction processes can be captured and conveyed to the users. Since LAPS adopts diabatic data assimilation, it is utilized to mitigate the “spinup” problem and produce more accurate precipitation forecasts during the early prediction stage (0–6 h).The LAPS ensemble prediction system (EPS) has a good spread–skill relationship and good discriminating ability. Therefore, though it is obviously wet biased, the forecast biases can be corrected to improve the skill of PQPFs through a linear regression (LR) calibration procedure. Sensitivity experiments for two important factors affecting calibration results are also conducted: the experiments on different training samples and the experiments on the accuracy of observation data. The first point reveals that the calibration results vary with training samples. Based on the statistical viewpoint, there should be enough samples for an effective calibration. Nevertheless, adopting more training samples does not necessarily produce better calibration results. It is essential to adopt training samples with similar forecast biases as validation samples to achieve better calibration results. The second factor indicates that as a result of the inconsistency of observation data accuracy in the sea and land areas, only separate calibration for these two areas can ensure better calibration results of the PQPFs.
Generalization of the Ignorance Score: Continuous Ranked Version and Its Decomposition
Authors: Tödter Julian , Ahrens Bodo 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The Brier score (BS) and its generalizations to the multicategory ranked probability score (RPS) and to the continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) are the prominent verification measures for probabilistic forecasts. Particularly, their decompositions into measures quantifying the reliability, resolution, and uncertainty of the forecasts are attractive. Information theory sets up the natural framework for forecast verification. Recently, it has been shown that the BS is a second-order approximation of the information-based ignorance score (IGN), which also contains easily interpretable components and can also be generalized to a ranked version (RIGN). Here, the IGN, its generalizations, and decompositions are systematically discussed in analogy to the variants of the BS. Additionally, a continuous ranked IGN (CRIGN) is introduced in analogy to the CRPS. The applicability and usefulness of the conceptually appealing CRIGN are illustrated, together with an algorithm to evaluate its components reliability, resolution, and uncertainty for ensemble-generated forecasts.
An empirical case study of a child sexual abuse prevention initiative in Georgia
Authors: Schober Daniel J , Fawcett Stephen B. , Thigpen Sally , Curtis Anna , Wright Renee 
Published: January 2012

Objective: This empirical case study describes Prevent Child Abuse Georgia’s effort to prevent child sexual abuse (CSA) by educating communities throughout the state on supporting preventive behaviour. The initiative consisted of three major components: (1) dissemination of CSA prevention messages and materials; (2) a statewide helpline that helped callers respond to the warning signs of CSA and engage in protective behaviours; and (3) a statewide education and training programme. Design: An empirical case study design was used. Setting: This prevention initiative took place across the state of Georgia. Method: Archival records kept by Prevent Child Abuse Georgia were reviewed to determine the outputs of this statewide effort. Additionally, the annual incidence of child sexual abuse substantiated by the Georgia Department of Human Resources (cases per 100,000 children < 18 years of age) was calculated to examine changes in the broader context of Prevent Child Abuse Georgia’s statewide CSA prevention effort (from 1997–2007). Results: Results show that Prevent Child Abuse Georgia provided 232,822 informational materials to Georgia residents, assisted 1,271 helpline callers to support responses to the warning signs of CSA, and trained 7,700 individuals. According to records from the Georgia Department of Human Services, from 2002–7, the incidence of child sexual abuse decreased four of the five years of the implementation period. Conclusion: This empirical case study describes the steps a statewide effort can take to promote the primary prevention of CSA. Prevent Child Abuse Georgia engaged in a variety of activities to educate the public, increase CSA prevention knowledge, and promote preventive behaviour.
A low-order canyon model to estimate the influence of canyon shape on the maximum urban heat island effect
Authors: Levermore GJ , Cheung HKW 
Published: January 2012

A simple mathematical model of an urban canyon is developed. The canyon model consists of horizontal and vertical slabs providing thermal storage for heat and absorption of and shielding from solar radiation and long wave radiation to the sky. The model is compared to a horizontal slab in a rural location to examine the effect of the canyon shape. The results show the same trend as measurements by others, with increasing urban heat island (UHI) effect with increasing canyon aspect ratio. The model is then used to determine the maximum UHI effect by producing a simple algebraic equation. This compares well with measurements in Greater Manchester of canyon and rural temperatures although some empirical adjustments are required. The strong influence of cloud cover is shown by the model and measurements as are the canyon shape and the ground temperature. Practical applications: The model is simple and developed in terms applicable to building services engineers, using ventilation rates through the canyon. It also does not require more than the standard weather data available in a CIBSE Test Reference Year or a Design Summer Year. From this model, the UHI effect can be developed to adjust the data from a rural site to that of an urban and city centre site. This is useful for building designers to take account of the UHI effect which they cannot do at present. This would also be useful for UKCP09 data which have been released.
Effects of the weld groove shape and geometry on residual stresses in dissimilar butt-welded pipes
Authors: Akbari Davood , Farahani Mohammadreza , Soltani Naser 
Published: January 2012

The thermo mechanical behavior of the welding process was analyzed using the finite element technique to determine the residual stress magnitude and distribution in butt-welded pipes. An efficient user subroutine was developed in a finite element model to consider the effects of phase transformation in the analysis. The calculated results verified using the determined data presented by Deng for similar weld joints and measured data by the hole drilling technique for dissimilar weld joint. Good correspondence between the finite element results and experimental data infers that the computational procedure developed in this study is an effective method for residual stress prediction in dissimilar welded joints. The effects of pipe wall-thickness, weld groove angle and root opening distance on welding residual stresses in dissimilar butt-welded pipes were studied using the prepared finite element model. It is observed that the pipe wall-thickness has important influences on the residual stress magnitude and distribution. Meaningful influences from weld groove angles and root opening distances are observed on the axial residual stresses in the ferritic side.
Tissue Oxygenation and EMG during Computer Mouse Work and Submaximal Isometric Wrist Extensions
Authors: Nielsen Pernille Kofoed , Laursen Bjarne , Murthy Gita , Jensen Bente Rona 
Published: January 2012

Sufficient tissue oxygenation (TO2) is essential for muscle function in general. However, it is not known to which extent TO2 is influenced during different low-level contractions. The aim was to study the interaction between EMG activity and TO2 during computer mouse tasks and submaximal isometric contractions at load levels corresponding to levels that occur during repetitive work in industry. Eight healthy subjects performed multidirectional computer mouse tasks (40 and 60 clicks/min) with the right arm. In addition, 1 -minute isometric wrist extensions at 5, 15 and 25 %Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC) were performed. Further, a 15 %MVC wrist extension until exhaustion was performed. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure TO2 of m. extensor carpi radialis. EMG was recorded from m. extensor carpi radialis and m. extensor digitorum. During mousing the EMGRMS activity was in generel higher during the high speed compared to the low speed task. Muscular load of the forearm has isometric characteristics to a high degree. No significant difference in TO2 was found between the two mousing speeds. During the isometric contractions EMGRMS increased and TO2 decreased with increasing contraction level. The mean endurance time at the 15 %MVC wrist extension was 22.6 min. The average exerted force remained constant though fluctuations in the force increased as a function of time, indicating impaired force control due to development of fatigue. During the endurance task the EMGRMS activity increased and the EMGMPF decreased, indicating electromyographic signs of muscle fatigue. Within less than one minute TO2 decreased significantly relative to resting values. No further decrease was seen during the endurance contraction. Point of exhaustion was not related either to a gradual or a sudden decrease in TO2. Although the average exerted force remained constant, sudden changes in EMGRMS was seen in some subjects especially in the last part of the contraction, indicating changes in force distribution between muscles. This is assumed to be a fatigue-preventing mechanism. These changes in extensor carpi radialis muscle activity were reflected as opposite changes in TO2-levels, A cross correlation analysis showed a correlation between in extensor carpi radialis muscle activity and TO2, time displacement=3.4 sec, r=−0.31. This indicates that the changes in EMG activity precede the changes in TO2-level. In conclusion, TO2 was inversely related to muscle activity and exerted force. A steady state level below resting level of TO2 was found during the prolonged fatiguing isometric contraction. Point of exhaustion could not be explained either by a gradual or a sudden decrease in TO2.
Effects of an Ergonomics Intervention among Hospital Billing Department Employees
Authors: Evanoff Bradley A. , Button Jeanne H. , Wolf Laurie D. 
Published: January 2012

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a frequent problem among office workers. We studied the effects of an ergonomics intervention among employees of a large hospital billing department. Methods: This prospective intervention trial involved employee education sessions on office ergonomics and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders, plus workstation modifications. Results: 115 employees of a hospital billing department participated in the initial program and 59 completed 4-year follow-up questionnaire. The 4-year post-intervention period was marked by decreased risk of OSHA-reportable injury (RR=0.45, 95% CI 0.26-0.78). Total lost days declined from 63.2 to 6.4 per 100 full-time equivalent (FTE). Annual workers' compensation costs declined from $432/FTE to $185/FTE. These improvements were significantly greater than those seen in the hospital as a whole. The proportion of employees with musculoskeletal symptoms declined on short-term follow-up. These changes in injury and cost occurred in the setting of increasing job demands and decreasing job satisfaction. Conclusion: Substantial reductions in work-related musculoskeletal disorders were seen following an ergonomics intervention among office workers.
Urban Environmental Language and Spatial Organization
Authors: Nojima Vera Lúcia 
Published: January 2012

In order to verify the incidence of some aspects related to communication in urban space studies, this paper approaches first the notions of perception and interpretation of cities in the works of the geographer, Milton Santos; of the architect, Gordon Cullen; of the urban designers, Kevin Lynch and Amos Rapoport, and the semiotics master, Lucrécia D'Aléssio Ferrara. The purpose is to characterize urban design as an interdisciplinary system of environmental communication. This system expresses the development of a field of design professions and the preparation of the professionals combining design knowledge and skills of different areas of design professions (urbanism, architecture, ergonomics and graphic design) with a general understanding of the communication and educational processes. This paper aims to show that spatial organization and the circulation system can not be seen independent of environmental communication, which provides the information the users will need to solve the wayfind problems. Environmental education has to be based on perceptual, cognitive and behavioral development.
Learning from the Self Confrontation of the Ergonomist Interviewer
Authors: Pelegrin Bernard 
Published: January 2012

The self confrontation set up by the ergonomist usually concerns the operator. Here we apply the self confrontation – and methods taken from Linguistics – to the Ergonomist to understand the fine mecanisms of the intercomprehension between the Ergonomist-Interviewer and young interviewees. They face an important problem of rehabilitation. The Ergonomist helps them to prepare the skills assessment they have to submit to. This study is based on knowledge derived from interactionist linguistics and socio-linguistics. It helps in the knowledge of the profession of Ergonomist. It leads to the definition of a double notion: the ‘Epiphore-habitity’ couple defined as what enables to gain in clarity, background and precision, here and now, in the course of the interview.
Workload Evaluation of Subjects Carrying out Accessibility and Operability Tests in Underwater Environment for Microgravity Simulation
Authors: Toscano Elisabetta , Fubini Enrica , Gaia Enrico 
Published: January 2012

As weightlessness is not completely reproducible on Earth, usability evaluation of space systems is often simulated through tests in aquatic environment. A Neutral Buoyancy Facility test campaign was organized in a special pool to simulate Extra-Vehicular Activities on the Columbus module of the future International Space Station with the aim of assessing various aspects of crew interface design. To understand how stressful this environment could be, we developed an evaluation methodology of the workload correlated to visibility, accessibility and operability tests.
Control Room Ergonomic Design: Brazilian Case Studies
Authors: Santos Venétia , Zamberlan Maria Cristina Palmer Lima 
Published: January 2012

This article intends to present the role of Ergonomics as a support to automation processes on companies by presenting ten ergonomic studies for control rooms in public and private Brazilian companies (Hydroelectric, Petrochemical, Steel, Subway Trains and Cellulose industries). These projects were developed within the last ten years by ERGON Projects involved the diagnoses of the existing situation up to the ergonomic design of the future work situation. The first study was in 1987 and was restricted to the ergonomic work analyses in a hydroelectric plant control room. It was then part of a pioneer ergonomic design activity in our industry. Furthermore, the other studies involved designing for work activity transformation. In this article we will debate on the context of such studies, the boundaries of ergonomic design, the ergonomic methodology evolution and the obtained results.