bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of Lifestyle and Dietary Factors with the Risk for Serrated Polyps of the Colorectum
Authors: Wallace Kristin , Grau Maria V. , Ahnen Dennis , Snover Dale C. , Robertson Douglas J. , Mahnke Daus , Gui Jiang , Barry Elizabeth L. , Summers Robert W. , McKeown-Eyssen Gail , Haile Robert W. , Baron John A. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Some serrated polyps of the colorectum are likely preinvasive lesions, evolving through a newly recognized serrated pathway to colorectal cancer. To assess possible risk and protective factors for serrated polyps and particularly to explore differences in risk factors between polyps in the right and left colorectum, we pooled data from three large multicenter chemoprevention trials. A serrated polyp was defined broadly as any serrated lesion (hyperplastic, sessile serrated adenoma, “traditional” serrated adenoma, mixed adenoma) diagnosed during each trial's main treatment period of ∼3 to 4 years. Using generalized linear regression, we computed risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals as measures of the association between risk for serrated polyps and demographic, lifestyle, and dietary variables. Of the 2,830 subjects that completed at least one follow-up exam after randomization, 675 (23.9%) had at least one left-sided serrated polyp and 261 (9.2%) had at least one right-sided lesion. In the left colorectum, obesity, cigarette smoking, dietary fat, total energy intake, and red meat intake were associated with an increased risk for serrated polyps. In the right colon, aspirin treatment was associated with a reduced risk and family history of polyps and folate treatment were associated with an increased risk for serrated polyps. Our results suggest that several common lifestyle and dietary variables are associated with risk for serrated polyps, and some of these may differ for the right and left colorectum. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(8):2310–7)
Race/Ethnicity Has No Effect on Outcome for Breast Cancer Patients Treated at an Academic Center with a Public Hospital
Authors: Chu Quyen D. , Smith Mark H. , Williams Mallory , Panu Lori , Johnson Lester W. , Shi Runhua , Li Benjamin D.L. , Glass Jonathan 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Background: African American women have a higher breast cancer mortality rate than Caucasian women. To understand this difference, socioeconomic status (SES) needs to be controlled, which can be achieved by evaluating outcome within a population that is underinsured or low SES. We elected to examine the effect of race/ethnicity on outcome of patients with operable breast cancer by evaluating outcome in a population with low SES and similar access to care.
Methods: From a prospective breast cancer database created in 1998, we examined outcome for 786 patients with stage 0 to III breast cancer treated up to September 2008. Patients were treated at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport and E.A. Conway Hospital and the majority received standard definitive surgery as well as appropriate adjuvant treatment. Primary endpoints were cancer recurrence and death. Statistical analysis performed included Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, log-rank test, Cox proportional hazards model, independent-samples t test, and χ2 test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Sixty percent of patients were African American and over two thirds of patients were classified as either free care or Medicaid. The 5-year overall survival (OS) for African American and Caucasian patients was similar (81% and 84%, respectively; P = 0.23). On multivariate analysis, race/ethnicity was not an independent predictor of OS (P = 0.5); OS for the entire cohort was comparable with what was reported in the National Cancer Data Base.
Conclusion: In a predominantly indigent population, race/ethnicity had no effect on breast cancer outcome. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(8):2157–61)
Cutaneous Melanoma Is Related to Immune Suppression in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Vajdic Claire M. , van Leeuwen Marina T. , Webster Angela C. , McCredie Margaret R.E. , Stewart John H. , Chapman Jeremy R. , Amin Janaki , McDonald Stephen P. , Grulich Andrew E. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Melanoma incidence is increased after organ transplantation, but there is uncertainty as to why this occurs. Diagnoses of invasive melanoma were ascertained in 8,152 kidney transplant recipients (1982-2003) by linking national Australian population-based registers, the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, and the Australian National Cancer Statistics Clearing House. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and standardized incidence ratios were used to compare melanoma risk during periods of transplant function and failure. Standardized incidence ratios were also computed by time since transplantation. Risk factors were examined using multivariate Poisson regression. Linkage identified 82 melanomas (134/100,000 person-years). Incidence was lower after resumption of dialysis and reduction of immune suppression than during transplant function [IRR, 0.09; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.01-0.66]. During first transplant function, melanoma (n = 74) relative risk peaked in the second year and declined linearly thereafter (P trend = 0.03). During first transplant function, risk was positively associated with increasing year of age (IRR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.07) and receipt of lymphocyte-depleting antibody (IRR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.05-2.84). Female sex (IRR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35-0.94), non-Caucasian race (IRR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.02-1.05), and increasing time since transplantation (P trend = 0.06) were inversely associated with risk. The incidence pattern and risk factor profile for melanoma after transplantation strongly suggest that the current receipt, intensity, and possibly the recency of iatrogenic immunosuppression increase melanoma risk. Melanoma risk was also associated with proxy indicators of high personal sun exposure and sensitivity. These findings show the marked influence of immunologic control over melanoma incidence. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(8):2297–303)
Pregnancy Outcomes among Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer in the British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Reulen Raoul C. , Zeegers Maurice P. , Wallace W. Hamish B. , Frobisher Clare , Taylor Aliki J. , Lancashire Emma R. , Winter Dave L. , Hawkins Mike M. ,   on behalf of the British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Purpose: We used data from the first large-scale overwhelmingly population-based study (a) to quantify the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in survivors of childhood cancer in relation to cancer type and treatment and (b) to assess live birth rates relative to the general population.
Methods: A questionnaire, including questions inquiring about pregnancy outcomes, was completed by 10,483 survivors. A total of 7,300 pregnancies were reported. Odds ratios (OR) for live birth, miscarriage, termination, stillbirth, premature birth, and low birth weight were calculated for different types of childhood cancer and by whether initial treatment involved chemotherapy and abdominal or brain irradiation. For females, the observed number of live births was compared with that expected based on the general population of England and Wales.
Results: Female survivors exposed to abdominal irradiation had a significantly increased OR of delivering preterm [OR, 3.2; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.1-4.7] and producing offspring with a low birth weight (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.2). An increased OR of miscarriage was also associated with abdominal radiotherapy (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0-1.9). The number of live births observed from all female survivors was two thirds of that expected (O/E, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.62-0.66) and lowest among survivors treated with brain (O/E, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.48-0.56) and abdominal radiotherapy (O/E, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.50-0.61).
Conclusion: Female survivors of childhood cancer treated with abdominal radiotherapy are at 3-fold increased risk of delivering preterm, 2-fold increased risk of low birth weight, and a small increased risk of miscarriage. Overall, female survivors produce considerably fewer offspring than expected, particularly those treated with abdominal or brain radiotherapy. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(8):2239–47)
Transferrin Dipstick as a Potential Novel Test for Colon Cancer Screening: A Comparative Study With Immuno Fecal Occult Blood Test
Authors: Sheng Jian-qiu , Li Shi-rong , Wu Zi-tao , Xia Chang-hong , Wu Xia , Chen Jigui , Rao Jianyu 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Recent proteomic studies identified Transferrin (Tf) as a potential biomarker for cancer. We examined the efficacy of the newly developed Tf dipstick for detecting colorectal cancer and premalignant lesions, and compared that to Immuno Fecal Occult Blood test (IFOBT). Fecal samples from 110 patients including 40 colorectal cancer, 36 premalignant subjects (including 16 with high-risk adenomas and 20 with ulcerative colitis), and 34 low-risk subjects were collected before colonoscopic examination. Compared with IFOBT, Tf had a significantly higher positive rate in patients with colorectal cancer and premalignant lesions (76% for Tf versus 61% for IFOBT, respectively; χ2 = 4.38; P &lt; 0.05). The difference of positivity was mainly observed in patients with premalignant lesions (72% for Tf versus 44% for IFOBT; χ2 = 5.71; P &lt; 0.05), whereas the positive rates in cancer group and in low-risk group were similar (both P &gt; 0.05). Combining Tf with IFOBT together (either/or) had 90% positive rate in cancer patients, 78% in premalignant patients, and 29% in low-risk subjects. The overall accuracy of IFOBT and Tf tests for detecting colorectal cancer and premalignant lesion was 69.0% and 76.4%, respectively. Tf dipstick test seems to be a highly sensitive test for detecting not only cancer, but also premalignant lesions, and provides an additional tool for colorectal cancer screening. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(8):2182–5)
Cancer Incidence in First Generation U.S. Hispanics: Cubans, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and New Latinos
Authors: Pinheiro Paulo S. , Sherman Recinda L. , Trapido Edward J. , Fleming Lora E. , Huang Youjie , Gomez-Marin Orlando , Lee David 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Background:The diversity among Hispanics/Latinos, defined by geographic origin (e.g., Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba), has been neglected when assessing cancer morbidity. For the first time in the United States, we estimated cancer rates for Cubans, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and other Latinos, and analyzed changes in cancer risk between Hispanics in their countries of origin, U.S. Hispanics in Florida, and non-Hispanic Whites in Florida.
Methods: Florida cancer registry (1999-2001) and the 2000 U.S. Census population data were used. The Hispanic Origin Identification Algorithm was applied to establish Hispanic ethnicity and subpopulation.
Results: The cancer rate of 537/100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 522.5-552.5) for Hispanic males in Florida was lower than Whites (601; 595.4-606.9). Among women, these rates were 376 (365.6-387.1) and 460 (455.6-465.4), respectively. Among Florida Hispanics, Puerto Ricans had the highest rates, followed by Cubans. Mexicans had the lowest rates. Rates for Hispanics in Florida were at least 40% higher than Hispanics in their countries of origin, as reported by the IARC.
Conclusion: Substantial variability in cancer rates occurs among Hispanic subpopulations. Cubans, unlike other Hispanics, were comparable with Whites, especially for low rates of cervical and stomach cancers. Despite being overwhelmingly first generation in the U.S. mainland, Puerto Ricans and Cubans in Florida showed rates of colorectal, endometrial, and prostate cancers similar to Whites in Florida. Because rates are markedly lower in their countries of origin, the increased risk for cancer among Cubans, Mexicans, and Puerto Ricans who move to the United States should be further studied. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(8):2162–9)
Internal Validation of Procedure Codes on Medicare Claims for Digital Mammograms and Computer-Aided Detection
Authors: Fenton Joshua J. , Green Pamela , Baldwin Laura-Mae 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Background: Billing data, such as Medicare claims, are a potential data source for evaluative studies of new digital mammography technologies, such as digital mammography and computer-aided detection (CAD).
Objective: To assess the internal validity of procedure codes on Medicare claims for screening mammography interpreted with either digital mammography or CAD.
Study Design: We assessed agreement of procedure coding for digital versus film mammography and CAD use versus nonuse for mammograms with claims appearing in two independent Medicare claims files (the Carrier Claims and Outpatient files).
Subjects and Setting: Women enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare who received screening mammography in 2001 to 2003 within Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results regions, representing 25% of the U.S. population (n = 35,642 women who received 57,632 total mammograms).
Measures: Coding agreement beyond chance (κ), overall, and by year.
Results: Overall coding agreement was excellent for both digital versus film mammography [κ = 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.83)] and for CAD use versus nonuse [κ = 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.83)]. However, in 2001, agreement was only moderate (κ = 0.51 for digital versus film and κ = 0.50 for CAD use versus nonuse) but increased to higher levels in 2002 and 2003 (κ &gt; 0.80 for both technologies).
Conclusions: High internal agreement in procedure codes for digital mammography technologies is consistent with accurate coding on Medicare claims after 2001, although external validation remains desirable. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(8):2186–9)
Artificial Sweeteners and the Risk of Gastric, Pancreatic, and Endometrial Cancers in Italy
Authors: Bosetti Cristina , Gallus Silvano , Talamini Renato , Montella Maurizio , Franceschi Silvia , Negri Eva , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Background: The role of sweeteners on cancer risk has been widely debated over the last few decades. To provide additional information on saccharin and other artificial or low-calorie sweeteners (mainly aspartame), we updated the analysis of an integrated network of case-control studies conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2004 including data on cancers of the stomach, pancreas, and endometrium.
Patients and Methods: Cases were 230 patients with incident, histologically confirmed cancers of the stomach and 547 corresponding controls, 326 of the pancreas and 652 controls, and 454 of the endometrium and 908 controls. All controls were patients admitted to the same hospitals as cases for acute, non-neoplastic disorders. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding confidence intervals (CI) were derived by unconditional logistic regression models.
Results: After allowance for various confounding factors, ORs for ever users of sweeteners versus nonusers were 0.80 (95% CI, 0.45-1.43) for gastric cancer, 0.62 (95% CI, 0.37-1.04) for pancreatic cancer, and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.67-1.40) for endometrial cancer. Corresponding ORs for saccharin were 0.65, 0.19, and 0.71, and for other sweeteners were 0.86, 1.16, and 1.07, respectively, for the three cancer sites.
Conclusions: The present study adds further evidence on the absence of an adverse effect of low-calorie sweetener (including aspartame) consumption on the risk of common neoplams in the Italian population. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(8):2235–8)
Taking Temperature — A Review of European Union Regulation in Nanomedicine
Authors: van Calster Geert , D'Silva Joel 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNanomedicine, the application of nanotechnology to healthcare offers numerous improvements to medical diagnosis, drug delivery, therapy and implants. The potential impact of nanomedicine is foreseen radically to change health care; however it also challenges existing perceptions, dynamics and standards relating to ethics, safety and governance. This paper introduces the emerging field of nanomedicine and then proceeds to detail the current regulatory framework and regulatory bodies in the European Union relating to medicinal products, medical devices, biologics and therapies. This is followed by a detailed analysis of two nanomedical applications in the context of regulatory challenges. The paper concludes with a discussion of the adequacy of the current regulatory regime in Europe and where problems are likely to arise as nanomedicine evolves.
Crystallization behaviour of the (Mn,Ca)CO3 solid solution in silica gel: nucleation, growth and zoning phenomena
Authors: Katsikopoulos D. , Fernández-González Á. , Prieto M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe nucleation and growth behaviour of the (Mn,Ca)CO3 solid solution from aqueous solutions in silica hydrogel were studied at 25ºC. In order to obtain different levels of supersaturation at nucleation, experiments were carried out in diffusion columns of different lengths. Zoning phenomena, compositional heterogeneity and morphological modifications of the crystals obtained were examined by electron microprobe and scanning electron microscopy and microanalyses. The large difference between the solubility of calcite (CaCO3) and rhodochrosite (MnCO3) implies a significant preferential partitioning of Mn towards the solid. The distribution of Mn2+ and Ca2+ ions between the aqueous and solid phase demonstrates that at elevated supersaturation, this preferential partitioning is softened. The morphologies of experimentally grown individuals show a clear dependence on the composition of the parent solution. Crystals obtained from aqueous solutions with large Mn contents exhibit a relatively sharp concentric zoning along the equatorial sections. On these bases, the roles of multiple kinetic and thermodynamic factors during nucleation and growth are also discussed. Finally, an X-ray diffraction analysis of the precipitates provided no evidence of the formation of the dolomite-type ordered kutnahorite [CaMn(CO3)2] in any of the experimentalsets.
Petrology of low-temperature, ultrahigh-pressure marbles and interlayered coesite eclogites near Sanqingge, Sulu terrane, eastern China
Authors: Zhu Yong-Feng , Massonne H.-J. , Men-Fan Zhu  
Published: August 2009

AbstractMarbles and interlayered coesite-bearing eclogites near the village ofSanqingge in the Sulu ultrahighpressure (UHP) terrane ofeastern China were studied to estimate their P-T evolution. Using garnet, omphacite and phengite as geothermobarometers, the coesite eclogites are calculated to have experienced P-T conditions of3.4 –3.7 GPa and ~600ºC (stage I), followed by decompression and a slight temperature decrease to 2.7–3.2 GPa and 520–560ºC respectively (stage II) and later to 2.6–2.8 GPa and ~500ºC (stage III). No water influx affected the eclogites until reaching amphibolite facies conditions of 0.5–1.3 Gpa and 595–685ºC (stage IV). As we interpret the occasional appearance ofcalcite with magnesite relics in the core as a reaction ofUHP dolomite and magnesite with Ca-rich fluids at stage IV to form CaCO3, the calculated pressure for stage I could be the maximum pressure experienced by these rocks. Thus, the crustal material ofthe Sanqingge quarry, originally sedimentary carbonates (now marbles) and interstratified basic tuffs (now eclogites), has been buried to a depth of ≥ 120 km at ~600ºC. This burial occurred in a subduction setting along a very low geotherm of 5–6ºC/km. The exhumation possibly occurred in the environment ofa subduction channel.
FcγRI ligation leads to a complex with BLT1 in lipid rafts that enhances rat lung macrophage antimicrobial functions
Authors: Serezani Carlos H. , Aronoff David M. , Sitrin Robert G. , Peters-Golden Marc 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLeukotriene (LT) B4 is generated in response to engagement of the Fcγ receptor (FcγR) and potently contributes to FcγR-mediated antimicrobial functions in pulmonary alveolar macrophages. In this study, we report that the LTB4 receptor leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) redistributes from nonlipid raft (LR) to LR membrane microdomains upon immunoglobulin G–red blood cell, but not LTB4, challenge. Cholesterol depletion to disrupt LRs abolished LTB4-induced enhancement of phagocytosis, microbicidal activity, and signaling. The dependence on LR integrity for BLT1 signaling correlated with formation of a complex consisting of BLT1, its primary coupled G protein Gαi3, Src kinase, and FcγRI within LRs. This association was dependent on Src-mediated phosphorylation of BLT1. These data identify a novel form of regulation in which engagement of a macrophage immunoreceptor recruits a stimulatory G protein–coupled receptor into a LR microdomain with resultant enhanced antimicrobial signaling.
Whole genome microarray analysis, from neonatal blood cards
Authors: Hardin Jill , Finnell Richard H , Wong David , Hogan Michael E , Horovitz Joy , Shu Jenny , Shaw Gary M 
Published: August 2009

Abstract

Background
Neonatal blood, obtained from a heel stick and stored dry on paper cards, has been the standard for birth defects screening for 50 years. Such dried blood samples are used, primarily, for analysis of small-molecule analytes. More recently, the DNA complement of such dried blood cards has been used for targeted genetic testing, such as for single nucleotide polymorphism in cystic fibrosis. Expansion of such testing to include polygenic traits, and perhaps whole genome scanning, has been discussed as a formal possibility. However, until now the amount of DNA that might be obtained from such dried blood cards has been limiting, due to inefficient DNA recovery technology.

Results
A new technology is employed for efficient DNA release from a standard neonatal blood card. Using standard Guthrie cards, stored an average of ten years post-collection, about 1/40th of the air-dried neonatal blood specimen (two 3 mm punches) was processed to obtain DNA that was sufficient in mass and quality for direct use in microarray-based whole genome scanning. Using that same DNA release technology, it is also shown that approximately 1/250th of the original purified DNA (about 1 ng) could be subjected to whole genome amplification, thus yielding an additional microgram of amplified DNA product. That amplified DNA product was then used in microarray analysis and yielded statistical concordance of 99% or greater to the primary, unamplified DNA sample.

Conclusion
Together, these data suggest that DNA obtained from less than 10% of a standard neonatal blood specimen, stored dry for several years on a Guthrie card, can support a program of genome-wide neonatal genetic testing.