bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The EU's Dependence on Russian Energy—A Force that Divides or Unites the Union?
Authors: Becker Torbjörn , Åslund Anders 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter analyzes how the European Union (EU) and Russia's interdependence has developed with a focus on Russian energy exports to the EU. The main question is whether this will lead to division or greater cohesion in the EU when Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine has forced the EU to reconsider its dependence on Russian energy. The chapter details the different types of energy EU countries imported from Russia and discusses the sanctions implemented by both sides. The effects of sanctions will be felt both in Europe and in Russia in the short term, but in the longer term, Russia is the big loser both in terms of relations with the EU and its own economic development. Energy exports are a fundamental driver of the Russian economy and without major institutional changes, the country will not be able to rid itself of its dependence on fossil energy exports. For the EU, the major challenge will be to deal with the internal fissures that are exposed when it reconsiders its relationship with Russia. The authors argue that this is a historic opportunity to accelerate the green transition in the EU while improving the Union's security by making itself independent of Russian energy.
The EU’s Fight against Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing in a Digital and Fragmented World
Authors: Bergström Maria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMoney laundering (ML) poses a clear and present threat to citizens, democratic institutions and the financial system. The rules to prevent dirty money from being laundered through the financial system have grown into a huge regulatory framework. A selection of analytical and partly overlapping perspectives with specific challenges for the emerging regulatory framework is continuously identified and presented: Firstly, the increase in private–public cooperation where private actors have been involved in shaping the regulatory framework and been assigned “policing” tasks. Secondly, the exchange of information and the specific challenges posed by digitalisation. Thirdly, the interaction between administrative law and criminal law and different types of sanctions. Fourthly, the increased focus on EU security policy and the long-standing so-called securitisation of ML and terrorist financing (TF), which has led, among other things, to an increased competence for the EU institutions to regulate this area.What shortcomings and legal challenges remain, and are they addressed by the existing and recently updated instruments as well as recent legislative proposals, or is there room for further reform? These analytical and partly overlapping perspectives are addressed in this chapter followed by current reform proposals, and finally, the new EU legislative package and remaining challenges.
Migration and Cities: An Introduction
Authors: Triandafyllidou Anna , Moghadam Amin , Kelly Melissa , Şahin-Mencütek Zeynep 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the empirical context and analytical framework within which the volume is inscribed. We discuss how urbanisation processes are differentiated among smaller and larger urban centres and how they take up different forms in different world regions. We also note that migration is part and parcel of urbanisation processes and may be experienced as a challenge or as an opportunity. The chapter and the book are part of the broader southern turn in Urban Studies that invites us to pay more attention to developments in Asia, Africa, and Latin America as well as in drawing comparative perspectives with Europe and North America. The chapter explains how the book is organised and offers an overview of its contents. In the concluding section we also discuss the main analytical findings that bring together this volume and make a contribution to the extant literature on the role of migration in (re)making cities.
Settlement and Rental Housing Experiences Among Recent Immigrants in the Suburbs of Vancouver: Burnaby, Richmond, and Surrey
Authors: Teixeira Carlos , Lopez Anabel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe suburbanization of immigrants in Canada is a relatively recent phenomenon, and these suburban settlement experiences and residential patterns are varied and complex. This chapter explores the settlement and housing experiences of recent immigrants in Burnaby, Richmond, and Surrey – three culturally diverse and fast-growing Vancouver suburbs – as well as the interactions between suburbanization processes and the housing strategies of migrants. Securing good-quality, affordable housing is key to the successful resettlement and integration of immigrants. For this study, data were collected from questionnaire surveys administered to 137 immigrants renting in the suburbs of Vancouver. The findings revealed that transitioning from their homelands was a stressful and costly experience. Given the escalating housing costs in the rental and homeownership markets and low vacancy rates, most participants had difficulties finding housing. Participants coped by sharing housing with relatives or friends to save money or by renting a basement. They also reported financial stress, with most living in unaffordable rental housing. The low vacancy rates in Vancouver’s suburbs have created a ‘landlord’s market’ and about one-third of participants reported perceived discrimination based on income, large family size, immigrant status, and general mistrust of their cultural, religious, racial, or ethnic backgrounds.
Suburban Migration: Interrogating the Intersections of Global Migration and Suburban Transformation
Authors: Zhuang Zhixi Cecilia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSuburbanisation as a global phenomenon has presented multifaceted patterns of evolution and transformation in various contexts. Migrant settlements in suburban spaces just add more complexities to suburbia by bringing diverse demographics, (inter)cultural practices, new built forms, and new meanings of space and community. These migrant spaces challenge conventional suburban socio-spatial organisations of land, infrastructure, and resources as well as suburban governance, planning, and design. The manifestations of migrant suburbs where diversity and urban growth are juxtaposed inevitably present profound implications for governments, practitioners, and academics in a myriad of ways, such as changing land uses and physical forms (e.g. neighbourhood characters), competing claims for space and rights to the city (e.g. who has the access), and increasing awareness of equity and social inclusion (e.g. who belongs to and in the community). This chapter draws on the migration-related suburbanisation processes in different contexts and applies the theory of the production of space to cast light upon the narratives of everyday suburban life, diversity management, growth and development, policy and governance, and socio-spatial (in)equity and (in)justice.
Governing Diversity Beyond City and State: Epistemic and Ethical Challenges of African Urbanisation
Authors: Landau Loren B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite the rapid growth of cities worldwide, scholarly approaches to urban policymaking often overlook Sub-Saharan Africa’s urban revolution. Here cities are growing rapidly without the potential for employment or expanding public infrastructure. The result is a form of do-it-yourself urbanism that engenders a diversity of urban socio-economic and political forms. Drawing on freshly collected survey data from Nairobi, Accra, and Johannesburg that identify city residents’ migration trajectories, attitudes, and institutional engagements, this chapter will explore what Africa’s urban transformation means for scholarly analysis of political participation, spatial planning, and social cohesion. Doing so effectively means enhancing – or at times redefining – conventional meanings of political community, representation and urban inclusion, and modes of urban analysis.
Supporting Disaster Preparedness Through User-Centred Interaction Design in Immersive Environments
Authors: Blackler Alethea , Helsby-Clark Nagida , Ostwald Michael J. , Foth Marcus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAt a time when wildfires and severe floods are challenging human society in unprecedented ways, we examine how immersive virtual environments can be used to enhance community preparedness for, and engagement with, disaster scenarios. Drawing on research from the fields of interaction design and participatory design, we explore the capacity of three-dimensional (3D) immersive virtual environments to foster increased situational awareness and risk perception among diverse communities—from first responders to local populations. Investigating tangible interfaces and interaction schemas applied to spatialised settings, we demonstrate how immersive environments can support effective scenario testing and rehearsal of responses to hazardous situations. Application of the described methods can equip users with response strategies that may prove productive in augmenting risk perception and deliberation.
Creatively Reimagining Place and Community in a World of Extreme Weather
Authors: Grehan Helena , Smaill Belinda , Ostwald Michael J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores connections between place, community and narrative in the context of a world beset by extreme weather events. Drawing on insights and readings from three disciplines—theatre studies, screen studies and architecture—the chapter constructs a rich picture of the ways these fields contribute to definitions of place and can potentially enhance disaster preparedness and recovery activities. Edward S. Casey’s theories of place and community provide a connecting thread throughout the chapter, along with his ideas about selfhood, “implacement” and the environment as a source of danger. As both an example of a work that begins to address these themes and a catalyst for discussion, the chapter examines the television series Fires (Ayres et al., Fires [TV Series]. Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2021), which dramatises the 2019–2020 Black Summer fire season in Australia. Starting with a broad view of the context depicted in this series, the focus then shifts to individual experience and finally emotional responses. The chapter concludes by considering future research opportunities through which the disciplines of theatre studies, screen studies and architecture can leverage applications of advanced technology to contribute to disaster preparedness, responsiveness and recovery.
Reimagining Extreme Event Scenarios: The Aesthetic Visualisation of Climate Uncertainty to Enhance Preparedness
Authors: Del Favero Dennis , Thurow Susanne , Pagnucco Maurice , Frohne Ursula 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResponding to the rapidly escalating climate emergency, this chapter outlines transformative multidisciplinary research centred on the visualisation of unpredictable extreme event scenarios. It proposes a unique, scientifically grounded artistic approach to one of the world’s most immediate challenges—preparing communities for extreme climate events, such as firestorms and flash floods. As preparedness is a function of prior threat experience, it argues that visualising threat scenarios in advance can be a key to surviving and adapting in an era of increasing climate instability. This approach can enable communities to viscerally experience and rehearse threat perception, situational awareness, adaptive decision making and dynamic response to unexpected life-threatening extreme events. Using experimental case studies at The University of New South Wales’s iCinema Research Centre and international benchmarks, this chapter explores how advances in immersive visualisation and artificial intelligence aesthetics can be integrated to provide a framework that enables the virtual prototyping of unforeseen geolocated climate scenarios to facilitate readiness in the face of accelerating climate uncertainty.
Statistical Submersions with Parallel Almost Complex Structures
Authors: Takano Kazuhiko , Kazan Sema 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to study statistical submersions with parallel almost complex structures. First, we define the notion of the generalized Kähler-like statistical submersion and give examples of the Kähler-like statistical submersions. In addition, we investigate total space and fibers under certain conditions. After, we introduce some results on J-invariant, $$J^{*}$$

J

∗

-invariant and anti-invariant generalized Kähler-like statistical submersions.
Rv2231c, a unique histidinol phosphate aminotransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, supports virulence by inhibiting host-directed defense
Authors: Zarin Sheeba , Shariq Mohd. , Rastogi Nilisha , Ahuja Yashika , Manjunath P. , Alam Anwar , Hasnain Seyed Ehtesham , Ehtesham Nasreen Zafar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNitrogen metabolism of M. tuberculosis is critical for its survival in infected host cells. M. tuberculosis has evolved sophisticated strategies to switch between de novo synthesis and uptake of various amino acids from host cells for metabolic demands. Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent histidinol phosphate aminotransferase-HspAT enzyme is critically required for histidine biosynthesis. HspAT is involved in metabolic synthesis of histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and novobiocin. We showed that M. tuberculosis Rv2231c is a conserved enzyme with HspAT activity. Rv2231c is a monomeric globular protein that contains α-helices and β-sheets. It is a secretory and cell wall-localized protein that regulates critical pathogenic attributes. Rv2231c enhances the survival and virulence of recombinant M. smegmatis in infected RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Rv2231c is recognized by the TLR4 innate immune receptor and modulates the host immune response by suppressing the secretion of the antibacterial pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-12, and IL-6. It also inhibits the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 along with antigen presenting molecule MHC-I on macrophage and suppresses reactive nitrogen species formation, thereby promoting M2 macrophage polarization. Recombinant M. smegmatis expressing Rv2231c inhibited apoptosis in macrophages, promoting efficient bacterial survival and proliferation, thereby increasing virulence. Our results indicate that Rv2231c is a moonlighting protein that regulates multiple functions of M. tuberculosis pathophysiology to increase its virulence. These mechanistic insights can be used to better understand the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis and to design strategies for tuberculosis mitigation.
Howe Duality of Type P
Authors: Davidson Nicholas , Kujawa Jonathan R. , Muth Robert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe establish classical and categorical Howe dualities between the Lie superalgebras $$\mathfrak {p}(m)$$

p
(
m
)

and $$\mathfrak {p}(n)$$

p
(
n
)

, for $$m,n \ge 1$$

m
,
n
≥
1

. We also describe a presentation via generators and relations as well as a Kostant $$\mathbb {Z}$$
Z
-form for the universal enveloping superalgebra $$U(\mathfrak {p}(m))$$

U
(
p
(
m
)
)

.
Extrapolation of Compactness on Banach Function Spaces
Authors: Lorist Emiel , Nieraeth Zoe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe prove an extrapolation of compactness theorem for operators on Banach function spaces satisfying certain convexity and concavity conditions. In particular, we show that the boundedness of an operator T in the weighted Lebesgue scale and the compactness of T in the unweighted Lebesgue scale yields compactness of T on a very general class of Banach function spaces. As our main new tool, we prove various characterizations of the boundedness of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator on such spaces and their associate spaces, using a novel sparse self-improvement technique. We apply our main results to prove compactness of the commutators of singular integral operators and pointwise multiplication by functions of vanishing mean oscillation on, for example, weighted variable Lebesgue spaces.
Update zur Diagnostik der Drittfenstersyndrome
Authors: Dlugaiczyk Julia , Rösch Sebastian , Mantokoudis Georgios 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Diagnostik von Drittfenstersyndromen stellt in der klinischen Praxis häufig eine Herausforderung dar.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen aktuellen Überblick über diagnostische Optionen bei diesen Krankheitsbildern, mit besonderem Fokus auf das Syndrom der oberen Bogengangsdehiszenz (SCDS), das Syndrom des erweiterten vestibulären Aquädukts (LVAS) und die X‑chromosomale Malformation der Cochlea.

Material und Methoden
Dazu erfolgte eine Literaturrecherche in der Datenbank PubMed bis Dezember 2023 und die Aufarbeitung eigener Fälle.

Ergebnisse
Audiovestibuläre Testverfahren zur Diagnose eines Drittfenstersyndroms werden in der Literatur am häufigsten im Rahmen des SCDS beschrieben. Für vestibulär evozierte myogene Potenziale wurden hier Grenzwerte mit unterschiedlichen Sensitivitäten/Spezifitäten für verschiedene Messparameter definiert. Neuere Entwicklungen umfassen die Anwendung der Elektrocochleographie, der Breitbandtympanometrie, des Video-Kopfimpulstests und des vibrationsinduzierten Nystagmus. Beim LVAS kommen zunehmend genetische Analysen zum Einsatz.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Diagnose eines Drittfenstersyndroms ergibt sich immer aus der Synthese von Symptomen, klinischen Zeichen, apparativen Untersuchungsbefunden und der Bildgebung.
Myeloid-derived growth factor ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by regulating macrophage polarization
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhao Conghui , Yang Zi , Du Conglin , Chang Zhichao , Wen Xin , Zhang Xiujuan , liu Yi , Hu Liang , Gao Zhenhua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by inflammatory conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. According to reports, IBD prevalence is increasing globally, with heavy economic and physical burdens. Current IBD clinical treatment is limited to pharmacological methods; therefore, new strategies are needed. Myeloid-derived growth factor (MYDGF) secreted by bone marrow-derived mononuclear macrophages has beneficial effects in multiple inflammatory diseases. To this end, the present study aimed to establish an experimental IBD mouse model using dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water. MYDGF significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis, suppressed lymphocyte infiltration, restored epithelial integrity in mice, and decreased apoptosis in the colon tissue. Moreover, the number of M1 macrophages was decreased and that of M2 macrophages was increased by the action of MYDGF. In MYDGF-treated mice, the NF-κB and MAPK pathways were partially inhibited. Our findings indicate that MYDGF could mitigate DSS-induced mice IBD by reducing inflammation and restoring epithelial integrity through regulation of intestinal macrophage polarization via NF-κB and MAPK pathway inhibition.

Key messages

MYDGF alleviated DSS-induced acute colitis.

MYDGF maintains colon epithelial barrier integrity and relieves inflammation.

MYDGF regulates colon macrophage polarization.

MYDGF partially inhibited the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathway.
Multi-omics bioactivity profile-based chemical grouping and read-across: a case study with Daphnia magna and azo dyes
Authors: Gruszczynska Hanna , Barnett Rosemary E. , Lloyd Gavin R. , Weber Ralf J. M. , Lawson Thomas N. , Zhou Jiarui , Sostare Elena , Colbourne John K. , Viant Mark R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGrouping/read-across is widely used for predicting the toxicity of data-poor target substance(s) using data-rich source substance(s). While the chemical industry and the regulators recognise its benefits, registration dossiers are often rejected due to weak analogue/category justifications based largely on the structural similarity of source and target substances. Here we demonstrate how multi-omics measurements can improve confidence in grouping via a statistical assessment of the similarity of molecular effects. Six azo dyes provided a pool of potential source substances to predict long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia magna) for the dye Disperse Yellow 3 (DY3) as the target substance. First, we assessed the structural similarities of the dyes, generating a grouping hypothesis with DY3 and two Sudan dyes within one group. Daphnia magna were exposed acutely to equi-effective doses of all seven dyes (each at 3 doses and 3 time points), transcriptomics and metabolomics data were generated from 760 samples. Multi-omics bioactivity profile-based grouping uniquely revealed that Sudan 1 (S1) is the most suitable analogue for read-across to DY3. Mapping ToxPrint structural fingerprints of the dyes onto the bioactivity profile-based grouping indicated an aromatic alcohol moiety could be responsible for this bioactivity similarity. The long-term reproductive toxicity to aquatic invertebrates of DY3 was predicted from S1 (21-day NOEC, 40 µg/L). This prediction was confirmed experimentally by measuring the toxicity of DY3 in D. magna. While limitations of this ‘omics approach are identified, the study illustrates an effective statistical approach for building chemical groups.
From route to dive: multi-scale habitat selection in a foraging tropical seabird
Authors: Dunn Ruth E. , Freeman Robin , Nicoll Malcolm A. , Ramsden Julia , Trevail Alice M. , Wood Hannah , Votier Stephen C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractComprehending how environmental variability shapes foraging behaviour across habitats is key to unlocking insights into consumer ecology. Seabirds breeding at high latitudes are exemplars of how marine consumers can adapt their behaviours to make use of predictable foraging opportunities, but prey tends to be less predictable in tropical oceanic ecosystems and may require alternative foraging behaviours. Here we used GPS and time-depth recorder loggers to investigate the foraging behaviour of central placed adult red-footed boobies (Sula sula rubripes), a tropical seabird that forages in oceanic waters via diving, or by capturing aerial prey such as flying fish in flight. Dive bout dynamics revealed that red-footed boobies appeared to exploit denser, but more sparsely distributed prey patches when diving further from the colony. Furthermore, although we found no evidence of environmentally driven habitat selection along their foraging routes, red-footed boobies preferentially dived in areas with higher sea surface temperatures and chlorophyll-a concentrations compared to conditions along their foraging tracks. This multi-scale variation implies that habitat selection differs between foraging routes compared to dive locations. Finally, red-footed booby dives were deepest during the middle of the day when light penetration was greatest. Ultimately, we highlight the importance of gaining insights into consumer foraging across different ecosystems, thereby broadening understanding of how animals might respond to changing environmental conditions.