bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Wall-Painting at Idsworth, Hampshire, Reconsidered
Authors: Edwards John 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe chapel of St. Hubert, Idsworth, Hants, has a fourteenth-century wall-painting, on the north wall of the chancel, which is in two tiers, the upper representing a hunting scene on the left and, on the right, the first of a series of episodes from the life of a saint, which latter are concluded in the lower tier. Though this painting has received critical attention since 1864, there has not been agreement on its interpretation. The present article adduces fresh evidence which supports the opinion of the late Professor F. Wormald, expressed in the Antiquaries Journal for 1945, that the left-hand side of the upper tier represents a scene from the legend of the hairy anchorite, followed by episodes from the last days of St. John the Baptist, and suggests what may be the literary origin, foreseen, but not identified, by Wormald, of the connection between these two subjects.
A Samian Bowl by the Potter Belsa, and an Arretine Vessel, from Canterbury
Authors: Detsicas A. P. 
Published: November 2011

The bowl of samian ware, which is discussed here (fig. 2), was found in 1906 at the Recreation Ground, Canterbury, and is preserved in the collections of the Royal Museum, Canterbury. Originally in fragmentary condition, it has been completely restored, except for one or two small pieces.Of Form 37, it bears the retrograde signature BIILSAM in a small label (fig. 1). The glaze and relief are in fairly good condition, but some of the figure-types and borders are badly squashed, probably owing to the worn condition of the mould in which this vessel was made.
The Archaeological Investigation of Hadstock Church, Essex: An Interim Report
Authors: Rodwell Warwick 
Published: November 2011

SummaryTotal excavation of the nave, crossing, and transepts of Hadstock church in 1974, together with a detailed examination of parts of the upstanding fabric, revealed that this well-known Anglo-Saxon building is not a single-period structure, as has long been assumed. Three periods of Anglo-Saxon work are now known, the earliest of which probably belongs to the pre-Danish era: it comprised a large, five-cell cruciform church which, it is suggested, may be part of the seventh-century monastery founded by St. Botolph, at Icanho. Rebuilding on a monumental scale took place in the early eleventh century and the possibility is discussed that this was Canute's minster, dedicated in 1020. The church was extensively repaired in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, following the collapse of the central tower. Subsequently the decline in the size and importance of Hadstock as a village saved the church from further extensive alteration.
The Anvils of Bronze Age Europe
Authors: Ehrenberg Margaret R. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryAbout three dozen bronze anvils are known from Bronze Age Europe. They are small in size, probably indicating that they were used for delicate work. Simple, Beaked and Complex forms are distinguished, based on the presence of special features such as work surfaces, beaks, swages and punching holes, which were used in various processes of manufacture and decoration of small bronze and gold artefacts. The anvils are widely distributed throughout north-west Europe, and dated examples belong to the later Middle and Late Bronze Age (c. 1200–700 B.C.). Thirty-six anvils are catalogued and briefly described.
The Conservation of the St. John Monument at Lydiard Tregoze, Wilts
Authors: Carne B. , Green John A. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryMr. John A. Green undertook the exacting conservation of the tomb of Sir John St. John, 1st Baronet, d. 1648, in Lydiard Tregoze Church, Wiltshire. The article indicates the extent of the work done, which involved the complete rebuilding of the monument. The Revd. B. G. Carne places the monument in the setting of the life of Sir John, and suggests that it deserves to rank very highly in any list of our monumental inheritance from the seventeenth century.
The Ruined Church of Stone-by-Faversham: Second Report
Authors: Fletcher  , Meates G. W. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryFurther work was undertaken in the nave of the ruined church at Stone-by-Faversham in 1971–2 as part of the programme of its consolidation as an Ancient Monument by the Department of the Environment. Evidence was found for a pre-Conquest stone nave, itself possibly preceded by a timber nave; the stone nave was extended westwards in the twelfth or thirteenth century. West of the pre-Conquest nave there were traces of a Roman building distinct from the Roman mausoleum incorporated in the chancel of the church. The dating evidence of Roman and Saxon coins and pottery is discussed.
The Excavation of a Multiple Round Barrow at Barnack, Cambridgeshire 1974–1976
Authors: Donaldson Peter , Kinnes I. A. , Wells Calvin 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA multiple round barrow with three ditches and a double circle of stakes. The first phase was a bowl barrow with a buried inner ditch and a Beaker primary accompanied by a fine group of grave goods; the second phase was a ditchless refurbishing with a stake revetted mound for a cremation; the third phase was a bell barrow with an outer bank for an unaccompanied inhumation. There were at least twenty-two inhumations and one cremation interred over a time span of the order of 350 years.
Dragonby: An Interim Report on Excavations on an Iron Age and Romano-British Site near Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire, 1964–9
Authors: May Jeffrey 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe development of open-cast ironstone mining has made necessary emergency excavations on an apparently undefended Iron Age and Romano-British settlement of at least 20 acres, situated immediately near the Jurassic Way six miles south of the Humber estuary. In the Iron Age, the site was characterized by complex ditch systems and small irregular gullies, and only two huts, both circular, have been located in an excavated area of 1.7 acres. The main occupation probably began around 100 B.C. with an Iron B pottery assemblage. The sequence continued, apparently without abrupt break, into an Iron C assemblage very closely related to the ‘Aylesford—Swarling Culture’ of the Thames estuary region. More marked modification early in the first century A.D., most clearly defined by the introduction of Gallo-Belgic pottery, resulted in cultural similarities with Camulodunum. The occupation continued throughout the Roman period. The site was then characterized by an irregular system of metalled roads flanked by ditches, and plots of land defined by ditches and fences. Within these plots stood individual rectangular buildings of timber and stone, together with ovens, wells, pottery kilns, and other structures of an industrial or agricultural nature.
The Wincle, Cheshire, Hoard of Roman Gold Jewellery
Authors: Johns Catherine , Thompson Hugh , Wagstaff Peter 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA hoard of Roman gold jewellery found at Wincle, Cheshire, in the 1870s had apparently been lost but re-emerged in 1978. The opportunity has been taken to publish and illustrate the objects in full, and to assess the significance of the hoard which is dated to the third century.
Technique, Toil, and Triumph on The Danube in Trajan's Propaganda Programme
Authors: Rossi L. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryTrajan's engineering works on the Danube as part of his Dacian campaign of A.D. 101–106 are commemorated on monuments and coins as part of imperial propaganda. Trajan's Column shows an unrecognized depiction of canal-building on the Danube, next to a supply-base scene. Coin imagery illustrates the use of the Danube as a line of communication and the enrolment of the great river on the side of the Romans in their conquest of Dacia.
Excavations in York, 1972–1973: First Interim Report
Authors: Addyman P. V. , Buckland P. C. , King E. , Coll S. , Heighway C. , Foster M. , Whitwell J. B. , MacGregor A. , Palliser D.M. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe first year's campaign of rescue excavations by York Archaeological Trust is described. A sewer and part of a substantial building, perhaps the baths, were located within the Roman legionary fortress, and the sequence of defensive ditches on the south-west front was examined. Extra-mural settlement near the fortress was also examined in two places. Four small trenches in the heart of Anglo-Scandinavian York revealed 10 m of deposits including a post-Roman sequence giving a stratified series of timber buildings with C14 dates, ceramics, and artefacts. Well-preserved biological materials revealed in detail the palaeoecology of the buildings and immediate area. The development of riverside properties in Skeldergate was investigated: the land between Skeldergate and the Ouse proved to have been a late medieval reclamation. Part of the medieval suburb of Newbiggin was examined outside Monk Bar. The Hospital of St. Mary in the Horsefair was found at Union Terrace, where a twelfth- or early thirteenth-century building was traced through various phases of alteration and addition for use as a Carmelite church, as a hospital, and finally as a school which survived until the seventeenth century.
A Mill Pivot from Silchester
Authors: Manning W. H. 
Published: November 2011

The evidence for geared mills in Roman Britain is sufficiently slight for the addition of a further item to be worthy of record.Among the hoard of ironwork discovered in a well at Silchester in 1890 and described by Sir John Evans was an iron bar, 36.1 in. long, tentatively identified as an unfinished carriage axle. Though this explanation was clearly unsatisfactory, no better one was forthcoming and the use of the bar remained a mystery. Whilst it is clearly an axle or spindle of some kind its weight and asymmetry show it was not intended for a carriage and, contrary to Evans's statement, it is a finished object showing signs of wear in places. A recent re-examination has suggested that it was the pivot of a large geared mill (fig. 1a), transmitting the power from a toothed wheel, through the central hole in the stationary lower millstone, to the upper stone. The well-known example from Great Chesterford, Cambs., offers a fairly close parallel and that from the German limes fort at Zugmantel possibly an even better one. The absence of the terminal rind from the Silchester spindle is explained by the fact that it was keyed to the axle by means of the rectangular end on the bar and could thus be easily removed when the spindle was taken as scrap. The end of this keying has been battered over to give greater security in fixing.
Danebury, Hampshire: First Interim Report on the Excavation, 1969–70
Authors: Cunliffe Barry 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe Iron Age hill-fort at Danebury has been subjected to two seasons of excavation concentrating on the defences and the east entrance. The main defences show three phases of construction: (a) a timber-faced rampart of the 4th century B.C. (b) remodelling to a glacis-style rampart in 3rd to 2nd centuries, (c) the re-digging of the ditch in a fiat-bottomed form possibly just before the Roman Conquest. The east gate underwent seven major periods of rebuilding, each showing sub-phases. A development from a simple gate to one defended by massive outworks has been demonstrated.The ‘middle earthwork’ on the south side of the fort, and the ‘outer earthwork’ which surrounds it are dated to the 3rd to 2nd century and the 1st century respectively. They were probably stock enclosures. The sample excavation of the interior of the fort showed that occupation was dense. Among the cultural material discovered was a hoard of currency bars.
Excavations at Lincoln. Second Interim Report: Excavations in the Lower Town 1972–8
Authors: Colyer Christina , Jones M. J. , Jones R. H. , Perring D. , Reynolds N. M. , Wacher J. S. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryRecent excavations have added considerably to our knowledge of the lower walled city in the Roman period, both in terms of internal structures (mainly houses) and of the sequence of the defences. Much, however, still remains to be learned about the early development and layout of the lower town, while the exact nature of the defensive system is imperfectly understood. Evidence is gradually accumulating to show that what had been the Roman city was still occupied during the fifth and sixth centuries. Whatever form this occupation took, excavations at Flaxengate have shown beyond dispute that the city was revitalized in the early Anglo-Scandinavian period and that some streets which had previously been assumed to be of Roman origin were part of a planned layout undertaken early in the Viking period. Detailed information has also been retrieved about domestic and commercial buildings in the lower part of the city in the post-Conquest period, and this has complemented the evidence from documentary sources, confirming that the city was extremely prosperous in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries.
Ashmole and the Pursuit of Alchemy: the Illustrations to the Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum, 1652
Authors: Corbett M. K. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryAshmole's interest in alchemy seems to have begun about 1648. He was strongly drawn to the Rosicrucian movement, whose aims were religious: to attain to a perfect knowledge of Jesus Christ and of God's works, that is of nature. Chymia was the chosen branch of learning. Alchemists believed that by laboratory experiments they could discover the formula for the Philosophers' Stone which would lead them to the discovery of the secrets of nature. Ashmole considered that his best service to alchemy was the publication of alchemical manuscripts. Two of these have been identified as B.L., Add. 10302 and B.L., Harl. 2407. Both manuscripts belong to the fifteenth century and contain miniatures in pen and wash. The Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum included the Ordinall by Thomas Norton and Lydgate's Hermes Bird, both printed for the first time, and works by George Ripley, John Gower, Thomas Charnock, Edward Kelley and John Dee; also the Tale of the Chanon's Yeoman with Chaucer's portrait. Ashmole's chief engraver was Robert Vaughan. The engravings to the Ordinall show the quasireligious initiation ceremony and the alchemists with their equipment; those from B.L., Harl. 2407 show the emblems representing the theoretical aspects of alchemy, the serpent, the eagle and the basilisk; the sun and the moon; the young couple bathing in the Elixir, symbolizing eternal youth. At some time after 1658 Ashmole abandoned his delusions.
The Barnabas Altarpiece: A Possible Link with Southern France, St. Louis and Cyprus
Authors: Fletcher John 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe provenance and purpose of the Barnabas Altarpiece, acquired in 1971 by the Kimbell Art Museum and exceptional for being a large early gothic retable on panel, has baffled art historians since 1950, when it became better known;it has since been dated to 1250-60. It was catalogued in 1972 on rather slender grounds as being English (a view that has become increasingly suspect) and it was proposed in 1965 that a bishop Barnabas (at that time not identified) was the donor. The panels are of willow, a wood occasionally used in medieval times for large panels in Mediterranean areas around the Gulf of Lyons, but never in northern Europe or Spain. A priest named Barnabas was made bishop of Osma by King Alphonso of Castile to whom he was physician. He held the see until his death in c. 1351 and founded a chaplaincy in the cathedral in 1350. However, neither that date nor the identification of the panels as willow is consistent with the hypothesis that he was the donor. It is here proposed that the panels were made in the south of France and that the inscription—Barnabas: Eps—applied to St. Barnabas, the apostle born in Cyprus and the first of a long line of archbishops; furthermore that this altarpiece was painted by a southern French artist for a church in Cyprus, probably that dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul in the royal complex at Nicosia which included the castle/palace and Dominican monastery. It had been the wish of St. Louis, while making preparations in Cyprus in 1248/9 for his crusade, that a new monastic church should form the royal mausoleum for the Lusignan dynasty.
Arnold Quellin's Statues at Glamis Castle
Authors: Apted M. R. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryOn 23rd December 1685 Arnold Quellin, Carver, signed an agreement with Patrick, Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, to provide statues of the four Stuart kings and a bust of the Earl himself, to be completed by 1st June the following year for a fee of £160. Although Quellin died in September 1686, the contract was evidently completed since all four statues and the bust are recorded at Glamis Castle in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Two of the statues, the James I and Charles I, as well as the bust are still at the castle today. Of the missing statues, one, the James II, is known from an engraving to resemble closely the James attributed to Grinling Gibbons which now stands in front of the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square, itself one of a series of statues of monarchs depicted as Roman conquerors. The other, the Charles II, may possibly have been similar to the Quellin Charles now at the Guildhall.The document and statues provide new evidence of a sculptor popular in his day, whose reputation has been largely obscured by the fame of his master, Grinling Gibbons.
Heralds and Copyists: The Relationship between Three Thirteenth-Century Rolls of Arms
Authors: Brault Gerard J. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA comparative study of three thirteenth-century rolls of arms, the Heralds' Roll, the Dering Roll, and the Camden Roll, shows the extent to which the first was copied in the preparation of the other two. Light is also thrown on the way in which heraldic copyists worked and on the identity and nature of early armorial bearings.
Two Silchester Wall-Decorations Recovered
Authors: Ling Roger 
Published: November 2011

SummaryG. E. Fox's reconstruction of fragments of painted plaster found in house XIV, I at Silchester is subjected to new scrutiny, and it is argued that, rather than belonging (as Fox thought) to a dado, they derive from two separate all-over patterns of the type described by German writers as Tapetenmuster. It is suggested that the decorations come from the adjacent rooms 22 and 29, and, by comparison with other examples of similar patterns in other parts of the Roman Empire, that they probably adorned the walls rather than the ceilings.
The Royal bronze effigies in Westminster Abbey
Authors: Plenderleith H. J. , Maryon H. 
Published: November 2011

Summary1. An ideal opportunity for making a detailed comparative study of ten of the royal effigies from Westminster Abbey was presented by their temporary assembly for cleaning purposes in the Undercroft.2. It was possible to make a special examination of the backs of the figures as well as the parts usually exposed, and in the course of study two distinct methods of metal-casting were recognized, (a) a bell-founding technique similar to that described by Theophilus, and (b) a wax-cast technique.3. Mercury, or fire-gilding, had been applied in all cases. In one instance chemical analysis of a silvery smear in the folds of the drapery showed it to be due to gold amalgam. There was no corrosion of the surrounding metal.4. The colour of the gold surface was occasionally greenish, indicating that a base gold had been employed in making the amalgam. In other cases an artificial richness had been imparted, doubtless with the lapse of time, by the red cuprous oxide of the underlying base metal shining through the thin surface film.5. Of the two wooden effigies examined, that of William de Valence showed more points of interest. The question as to whether there was indeed champlevé work in the enamelled ornament had to be left open, as it was considered impossible to answer without in a measure undoing something of the recent work of the restorer.
The Problem of Traffic: The street-life of modernity in late-colonial India
Authors: ARNOLD DAVID 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn India in the early twentieth century the modern socio-technological phenomenon of traffic brought together many visible and accessible forms of everyday technology. However, in India modern motorized transport had to operate alongside earlier, seemingly ‘pre-modern’, modes of street-life. The emergence of traffic helped foster the expansion of late-colonial policing and the growth of the ‘everyday state’. It stimulated a new sense of a middle class identity and the proper ordering and disciplining of those who used the modern highway. But the technology of traffic was also contested—by those who evaded traffic rules as well as by those who were critical of technological modernity or the rising human cost of traffic accidents. The street at times became a site of open opposition to state authority or, through the deliberate disruption of traffic, a significant location for the exercise of political defiance and control.
Assessing the relevance of digital elevation models to evaluate glacier mass balance: application to Austre Lovénbreen (Spitsbergen, 79°N)
Authors: Friedt J-M. , Tolle F. , Bernard É. , Griselin M. , Laffly D. , Marlin C. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe volume variation of a glacier is the actual indicator of long term and short term evolution of the glacier behaviour. In order to assess the volume evolution of the Austre Lovénbreen (79° N) over the last 47 years, we used multiple historical datasets, complemented with our high density GPS tracks acquired in 2007 and 2010. The improved altitude resolution of recent measurement techniques, including phase corrected GPS and LiDAR, reduces the time interval between datasets used for volume subtraction in order to compute the mass balance. We estimate the sub-metre elevation accuracy of most recent measurement techniques to be sufficient to record ice thickness evolutions occurring over a 3 year duration at polar latitudes.The systematic discrepancy between ablation stake measurements and DEM analysis, widely reported in the literature as well as in the current study, yields new questions concerning the similarity and relationship between these two measurement methods.The use of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been an attractive alternative measurement technique to estimate glacier area and volume evolution over time with respect to the classical in situ measurement techniques based on ablation stakes. With the availability of historical datasets, whether from ground based maps, aerial photography or satellite data acquisition, such a glacier volume estimate strategy allows for the extension of the analysis duration beyond the current research programmes. Furthermore, these methods do provide a continuous spatial coverage defined by its cell size whereas interpolations based on a limited number of stakes display large spatial uncertainties. In this document, we focus on estimating the altitude accuracy of various datasets acquired between 1962 and 2010, using various techniques ranging from topographic maps to dual frequency skidoo-tracked GPS receivers and the classical aerial and satellite photogrammetric techniques.