bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inpatient thromboprophylaxis use in U.S. hospitals: Adherence to the seventh American College of Chest Physician's recommendations for at‐risk medical and surgical patients
Authors: Amin Alpesh N. , Stemkowski Stephen , Lin Jay , Yang Guiping 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The clinical venous thromboembolism (VTE) burden remains high in the United States, despite guidelines recommending that safe and effective VTE prophylaxis be available. This study assesses the real‐world rate of appropriate inpatient VTE prophylaxis in hospitalized U.S. medical and surgical patients at risk of VTE, in accordance with the seventh American College of Chest Physicians, (ACCP) guidelines.METHODS:Medical and surgical discharges from Premier's Perspective™ database between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2006 were considered. Discharges aged ≥40 years, with a length of stay ≥6 days, at risk of VTE due to the presence of ≥1 VTE risk factors identified by the seventh ACCP guidelines, and without contraindications for anticoagulation, were included in the analysis. Appropriate prophylaxis was determined by comparing the daily use, dosage, and duration of anticoagulants and compression devices with the seventh ACCP recommendations for each medical condition or surgical procedure.RESULTS:A total of 390,024 discharges met the inclusion criteria, of which 201,224 (51.6%) were medical discharges and 188,800 (48.4%) were surgical discharges. Overall, 65.9% of medical discharges and 77.7% of surgical discharges received at least 1 order for VTE prophylaxis during hospitalization. However, only 12.7% of medical discharges and 16.4% of surgical discharges received appropriate prophylaxis when the recommended prophylaxis type, dose, and duration from the seventh ACCP guidelines were taken into account.CONCLUSIONS:Few medical and surgical patients at high risk of VTE receive appropriate inpatient prophylaxis in accordance with guideline recommendations. It is important for individual hospitals to improve VTE prophylaxis practices to meet national performance initiatives. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:E15–E21. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Effect of hospitalist attending physicians on trainee educational experiences: A systematic review
Authors: Natarajan Pradeep , Ranji Sumant R. , Auerbach Andrew D. , Hauer Karen E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Trainees receive much of their inpatient education from hospitalists.PURPOSE:To characterize the effects of hospitalists on trainee education.DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE, Database of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE), National Health Service (NHS) Economic Evaluation Database (EED), Health Technology Assessment (HTA), and the Cochrane Collaboration Database (last searched October 2008) databases using the term “hospitalist”, and meeting abstracts from the Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM) (2002‐2007), Society of General Internal Medicine (SGIM) (2001‐2007), and Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) (2000‐2007).STUDY SELECTION:Original English language research studies meeting all of the following: involvement of hospitalists; comparison to nonhospitalist attendings; evaluation of trainee knowledge, skills, or attitudes. 711 articles were reviewed, 32 retrieved, and 6 included; 7,062 meeting abstracts were reviewed, 9 retrieved, and 2 included.DATA EXTRACTION:Two authors reviewed articles to determine study eligibility. Three authors independently reviewed included articles to abstract data elements and classify study quality.DATA SYNTHESIS:Seven studies were quasirandomized one was a noncontemporaneous comparison. All citations only measured trainee attitudes. In all studies comparing hospitalists to nonhospitalists, trainees were more satisfied with hospitalists overall, and with other aspects of their teaching, but ratings were high for both groups. One of 2 studies that distinguished nonhospitalist general internists from specialists showed that trainees preferred hospitalists, but the other did not demonstrate a hospitalist advantage over general internists.CONCLUSIONS:Trainees are more satisfied with inpatient education from hospitalists. Whether the increased satisfaction translates to improved learning is unclear. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:490–498. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Communication and documentation considerations for electronic health records
Authors: Gaffey Ann D. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractElectronic health records (EHRs) are here to stay, and their use is expected to grow significantly in the future. It is incumbent on risk managers to ensure their use does not inhibit good provider‐to‐patient communication. Providing education and strategies on how to make the patient encounter meaningful while the provider uses an EHR may increase patient satisfaction and may contribute to a favorable professional liability loss experience. Risk managers also need to have an understanding of the capabilities of each specific EHR system in the facility, the implications of the ability to cut‐and‐paste information from one provider entry to another, and knowledge of how to control the risk that comes with both copying forward and delayed EHR documentation.
The mathematics of geographic profiling
Authors: O'Leary Mike 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe begin by describing some of the mathematical foundations of the geographic profiling problem. We then present a new mathematical framework for the geographic profiling problem based on Bayesian statistical methods that makes explicit connections between assumptions on offender behaviour and the components of the mathematical model. It also can take into account local geographic features that either influence the selection of a crime site or influence the selection of an offender's anchor point. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Degenerative abnormalities in transgenic neocortical neuropeptide Y interneurons expressing tau‐green fluorescent protein
Authors: Rancillac Armelle , Lainé Jeanne , Perrenoud Quentin , Geoffroy Hélène , Ferezou Isabelle , Vitalis Tania , Rossier Jean 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe introduction of a reporter gene into bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) constructs allows a rapid identification of the cell type expressing the gene of interest. Here we used BAC transgenic mice expressing a tau‐sapphire green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the transcriptional control of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) genomic sequence to characterize morphological and electrophysiological properties of NPY‐GFP interneurons of the mouse juvenile primary somatosensory cortex. Electrophysiological whole‐cell recordings and biocytin injections were performed to allow the morphological reconstruction of the recorded neurons in three dimensions. Ninety‐six recorded NPY‐GFP interneurons were compared with 39 wild‐type (WT) NPY interneurons, from which 23 and 19 were reconstructed, respectively. We observed that 91% of the reconstructed NPY‐GFP interneurons had developed an atypical axonal swelling from which emerge numerous ramifications. These abnormalities were very heterogeneous in shape and size. They were immunoreactive for the microtubule‐associated protein tau and the lysosomal‐associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). Moreover, an electron microscopic analysis revealed the accumulation of numerous autophagic and lysosomal vacuoles in swollen axons. Morphological analyses of NPY‐GFP interneurons also indicated that their somata were smaller, their entire dendritic tree was thickened and presented a restricted spatial distribution in comparison with WT NPY interneurons. Finallly, the morphological defects observed in NPY‐GFP interneurons appeared to be associated with alterations of their electrophysiological intrinsic properties. Altogether, these results demonstrate that NPY‐GFP interneurons developed dystrophic axonal swellings and severe morphological and electrophysiological defects that could be due to the overexpression of tau‐coupled reporter constructs. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fear learning and extinction are linked to neuronal plasticity through Rin1 signaling
Authors: Bliss Joanne M. , Gray Erin E. , Dhaka Ajay , O'Dell Thomas J. , Colicelli John 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe amygdala is known to have a crucial role in both the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear, but the physiological changes and biochemical mechanisms underlying these forms of learning are only partly understood. The Ras effector Rin1 activates Abl tyrosine kinases and Rab5 GTPases and is highly expressed in mature neurons of the telencephalon including the amygdala, where it inhibits the acquisition of fear memories (Rin1−/− mice show enhanced learning of conditioned fear). Here we report that Rin1−/− mice exhibit profound deficits in both latent inhibition and fear extinction, suggesting a critical role for Rin1 in gating the acquisition and persistence of cue‐dependent fear conditioning. Surprisingly, we also find that depotentiation, a proposed cellular mechanism of extinction, is enhanced at lateral‐basolateral (LA‐BLA) amygdaloid synapses in Rin1−/− mice. Inhibition of a single Rin1 downstream effector pathway, the Abl tyrosine kinases, led to reduced amygdaloid depotentiation, arguing that proper coordination of Abl and Rab5 pathways is critical for Rin1‐mediated effects on plasticity. While demonstrating a correlation between amygdala plasticity and fear learning, our findings argue against models proposing a direct causative relationship between amygdala depotentiation and fear extinction. Taken together, the behavior and physiology of Rin1−/− mice provide new insights into the regulation of memory acquisition and maintenance. In addition, Rin1−/− mice should prove useful as a model for pathologies marked by enhanced fear acquisition and retention, such as posttraumatic stress disorder. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fas activation increases neural progenitor cell survival
Authors: Knight Julia C. , Scharf Eugene L. , Mao‐Draayer Yang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAlthough there is a sizable amount of research focusing on adult neural progenitor cells (NPCs) as a therapeutic approach for many neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis, little is known about the pathways that govern NPC survival and apoptosis. Fas, a member of the death receptor superfamily, plays a well‐characterized role in the immune system, but its function in neural stem cells remains uncertain. Our study focuses on the effects of Fas on NPC survival in vitro. Activation of Fas by recombinant Fas ligand (FasL) did not induce apoptosis in murine NPCs in culture. In fact, both an increase in the amount of viable cells and a decrease in apoptotic and dying cells were observed with FasL treatment. Our data indicate that FasL‐mediated adult NPC neuroprotection is characterized by a reduction in apoptosis, but not increased proliferation. Further investigation of this effect revealed that the antiapoptotic effects of FasL are mediated by the up‐regulation of Birc3, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP). Conversely, the observed effect is not the result of altered caspase activation or FLIP (Fas‐associated death domain‐like interleukin‐1beta‐converting enzyme inhibitory protein) up‐regulation, which is known to inhibit caspase‐8‐mediated cell death in T cells. Our data indicate that murine adult NPCs are resistant to FasL‐induced cell death. Activation of Fas increased cell survival by decreasing apoptosis through Birc3 up‐regulation. These results describe a novel pathway involved in NPC survival. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ciliary neurotrophic factor enhances nicotinic synaptic transmission in sympathetic neurons
Authors: Nai Qiang , Wang Xiaoyun , Jin Ying , Sun Dongbin , Li Man , Hu Bo , Zhang Xiaotong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate fast synaptic transmission in both central and peripheral nervous systems. These receptors play important roles in various physiological functions and are involved in different neurological diseases. A disruption in nicotinic receptor‐mediated synaptic transmission due to the loss of nAChRs was detected in the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Although ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) has been reported to promote the cholinergic properties by increasing the production and storage of acetylcholine, it is still unclear whether CNTF can enhance nicotinic synaptic neurotransmission. In this study, we found that CNTF dramatically enhanced the frequency and amplitude of nicotinic excitatory post‐synaptic currents in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons maintained in a medium supplemented with nerve growth factor. Moreover, the number of neurons displaying nicotinic synaptic currents was also significantly increased by CNTF. These results suggest that CNTF could enhance nicotinic synaptic transmission via both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. The findings of this study reinforce the rationale for the usage of combinations of different neurotrophic factors for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Coast Guard charts a course for enterprise change management
Authors: Wehrenberg Stephen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAfter eight years of being buffeted by gale‐force winds of change, the Coast Guard knew it was time for a structured enterprisewide approach to change management. The tougher question was how to deploy it when the organization's culture and its structural and dynamic complexity would likely trigger strong resistance to a new program in a nonoperational area that was mandated from the top. The author describes how change champions arrived at a bottom‐up deployment strategy that mirrors the culture's reliance on stories and heroes to seed behavioral change, and that leverages long‐standing organizational strengths of local agility, learning, and commitment to mission performance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Keeping your globally mobile employees healthy, safe, and secure
Authors: Druckman Myles 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCompanies are sending higher numbers of older employees to difficult or dangerous locations, which increases the chances of a medical event where healthcare services are least available. Business travelers and international assignees and their employers need to adequately assess and prepare for such possibilities. The author describes five key processes that will help companies perform duty of care and minimize risks to the employee and company alike; the elements of a best‐practice international preassignment health program to ensure assignees are fit for work in locations with high medical risk; and the five responsibilities of globally mobile employees for protecting their health and getting medical help if they need it. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corporate social responsibility in an economic crisis: An opportunity for renewal
Authors: Manubens Marcela 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe current economic crisis has generated a tsunami of factory closings in developing countries, displacing millions of workers and raising the specter of a return to the bad old days of global companies without a social conscience. But as leading companies and multistakeholder initiatives pursue socially and environmentally responsible approaches to retrenchment, the author sees an opportunity in the midst of crisis to transform the CSR function. The author examines the impact of the recession on companies and their organizations, and the implications for CSR, and then sets out a series of recommendations for business and CSR leaders to (1) realign CSR strategies and priorities with the new realities; (2) contend with the implications of organizational disruption and fewer resources; and (3) focus on several critical areas for making the CSR function and its global team members more effective going forward—and taking their CSR programs to the next level. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrasound‐guided photodynamic therapy for deep seated pathologies: prospective study
Authors: Jerjes Waseem , Upile Tahwinder , Hamdoon Zaid , Nhembe Farai , Bhandari Rishi , Mackay Sorcha , Shah Priya , Mosse Charles Alexander , AS Brookes Jocelyn , Morley Simon , Hopper Colin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIntroductionInterstitial photodynamic therapy remains an attractive remedial option in minimally invasive surgery. Our aim in this prospective study was to evaluate the outcome following ultrasound‐guided iPDT of deep‐seated pathologies. Patients' reports on quality of life with clinical and radiological evaluation were the main end point parameters used to assess the outcome.Materials and MethodsSixty‐eight patients were referred to the UCLH Head and Neck Centre for treatment of various deep‐seated pathologies involving the head and neck region, upper and lower limbs. All patients underwent interstitial photodynamic therapy under general anaesthesia, using 0.15 mg/kg mTHPC as the photosensitising agent. Following treatment, patients were followed‐up for a mean of 7 months.ResultsAll three patients who presented with visual problems reported improvement after treatment. Also, 14/17 patients reported improvement of breathing. Improvement of swallowing was reported by 25/30 patients; while speaking improvement was evident in 16/22 patients and 33/40 reported reduction in the disfigurement caused by their pathology. All five patients with impeded limb function reported some degree of improvement. Clinical assessment showed that half of the patients had ‘good response’ to the treatment and a third reported ‘moderate response’ with two patients being free of disease. Radiological assessment comparing imaging 6‐week post‐PDT to the baseline showed stable pathology with no change in size in 13 patients, minimal response in 18 patients, moderate response in 23 patients and significant response in 11 patients.ConclusionThis study on 68 patients with deep‐seated pathologies undergoing interstitial photodynamic therapy provided evidence that PDT can be the fourth modality in the management of tissue disease. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:612–621, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of a pediatric palliative care program
Authors: Wolff Johannes , Robert Rhonda , Sommerer Andre , Volz‐Fleckenstein Marlene 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe question of where a child should die at home or in the hospital has been a subject of recent debate. We instituted a palliative care program with advanced end‐of‐life planning and hypothesized that a significant number of families would prefer that their child be at home rather than at a hospital at the end‐of‐life and that the overall quality of care would thereby improve.ProcedureStudy design was single group, retrospective parent report of satisfaction with a new palliative care program. Participants were the caregivers, primarily parents, involved in the palliative care program. They completed a satisfaction survey, and their choice of environment at the end‐of‐life was noted.ResultsFifty‐one families experienced the death of a child between 2001 and 2003. Most of the patients had had cancer (n = 29, 57%), and the most frequent non‐oncologic patient had had cystic fibrosis. The parents (caregiver) participation rate was 69%. After a palliative care program was instituted, 69% of families preferred their child to be at home at the end‐of‐life, compared with 18% before the program was instituted (P = 0.0049 χ2‐test). The satisfaction with the medical services was high (very good, 26; good, 4; satisfying, 2; acceptable, 3; deficient, 0; unacceptable, 0), independent of locale at time of death.ConclusionWhen palliative care was offered either at hospital or home, palliative care occurred more frequently at home. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:279–283. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐dose cyclophosphamide treatment for refractory severe aplastic anemia in children
Authors: Audino Anthony N. , Blatt Julie , Carcamo Benjamin , Castaneda Victoria , Dinndorf Patricia , Wang Winfred C. , Whitlock James A. , Hord Jeffrey D. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if high‐dose cyclophosphamide is an effective therapy for children with refractory severe aplastic anemia (SAA).BackgroundSAA is an illness characterized by the depletion of hematopoietic precursors associated with life‐threatening complications. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is the treatment of choice if a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐related donor is available. Immunosuppression with anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine A (CSA) is an option for patients who are not HSCT candidates. Unrelated donor HSCT has been used with limited success. High‐dose cyclophosphamide has been used successfully in the treatment of adults with SAA, but experience in children is limited.ProcedureFive pediatric patients who had failed previous immunosuppressive therapy for SAA were treated with high‐dose cyclophosphamide (45 mg/kg/day × 4 days).ResultsAfter 12 months of treatment, two of five patients experienced a complete response with high‐dose cyclophosphamide therapy. The two complete responders achieved red cell recovery with a hematocrit of >36% at days 212 and 112 and platelet recovery with a platelet count of >100 × 109/L at days 126 and 324. Of the remaining patients, one patient failed to respond, and two patients expired from infectious complications.ConclusionsHigh‐dose cyclophosphamide can lead to complete responses in children with SAA who have failed to respond to traditional immunosuppressive therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:269–272. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factorial validity of the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales for referred students
Authors: Beaujean A. Alexander , McGlaughlin Sean M. , Margulies Allison S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS) is a recently developed, individually administered psychometric instrument designed to measure general cognitive ability, as well as verbal (crystallized) intelligence, nonverbal (fluid) intelligence, and memory. Test reviewers have recommended the use of the RIAS despite the fact that, although the RIAS has been in circulation for more than four years, there is a paucity of independent research published about its psychometric properties. The purpose of the current study was to examine the factor structure of the RIAS across three samples of school‐age children: the RIAS norming sample; the data reported by Nelson, Canivez, Lindstrom, and Hatt; and a new, independent sample of students referred for special education services. Using confirmatory factor analytic techniques, this study found that a two‐factor model, positing verbal and nonverbal factors, fit all three data sets better than a one‐factor model. Furthermore, the two‐factor model demonstrated partial measurement invariance across the three samples, although the verbal factor showed much stronger invariance, construct reliability, and overall interpretability than did the nonverbal factor. Implications of this study for practitioners are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Community violence, school‐related protective factors, and psychosocial outcomes in urban youth
Authors: Ludwig Kristy A. , Warren Jared S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis study examined the relationship of two putative school‐based protective factors—student identification with school and perceived teacher support—to psychosocial outcomes in a sample of urban youth exposed to community violence. Participants were 175 high school students ages 14–19 in grades 9–12 from a large urban school district. Results indicated that exposure to violence was positively associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Additionally, identification with school and teacher support were related to higher hope and lower psychosocial distress. Adolescents who reported higher identification with school and higher teacher support reported higher hope, regardless of the level of violence exposure. Results emphasize the importance of school factors, particularly feeling connected to and supported in school, in promoting hope and minimizing psychosocial distress for youth exposed to community violence. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.