bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposing the Intergenerational Disparity in Income and Obesity
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zheng Buhong , Zhang Ning , Wang Youfa 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Intergenerational disparity in income and health violates the norm of equal opportunity and deserves the attention of researchers and policy makers. To understand changes in intergenerational disparity, we created the intergenerational mobility index (IMI), which can simultaneously measure changes in income rankings and in health outcomes across two generations. We selected obesity as one health outcome to illustrate the application of IMI due to its severe health and financial consequences for society and the significant changes in the distribution of obesity across income groups. Although obesity has increased in all income groups in the last four decades, higher income groups have tended to have a faster increase in obesity, which has reduced the disparity in obesity across income groups. The strength of our intergenerational approach within families is to control the genetic influence, which is one of the strongest determinants of obesity. The decomposition of the IMI illustrates that it captures changes in obesity distribution (holding constant income rankings between generations) and changes in income rankings (holding constant the obesity distribution across generations), simultaneously. We used the data of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), which have been collected since 1967, is the longest longitudinal survey in the U.S. The PSID surveyed respondents’ height and weight were recorded in 1986 and from 1999 to 2007. We selected respondents from 1986 as the parental generation and respondents from 2007 as the adult children’s generation. To make the adult children’s body weight status and income comparable to their parents’, we stratified the analysis by gender. For the pairs of fathers and adult sons, we found the intergenerational disparity in overweight, a less severe indicator of excessive fatness, across income was decreasing. This was partially due to the up-swing in the adult children’s income status. For the pairs of mothers and adult daughters, we found a similar decrease in socioeconomic disparity in obesity. However, decomposition of the IMI indicated that changes in income distributions between mothers and adult daughters contributed smaller effects than that between fathers and adult sons. Our study has demonstrated that the IMI and its decomposition are useful tools for analyzing intergenerational disparity in income and health.
TRB3 Gene Silencing Alleviates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in a Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Ti Yun , Xie Guo-lu , Wang Zhi-hao , Bi Xiao-lei , Ding Wen-yuan , Wang Jia , Jiang Gui-hua , Bu Pei-li , Zhang Yun , Zhong Ming , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE
Tribbles 3 (TRB3) is associated with insulin resistance, an important trigger in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). We sought to determine whether TRB3 plays a major role in modulating DCM and the mechanisms involved.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin. We evaluated the characteristics of type 2 DCM by serial echocardiography and metabolite tests, Western blot analysis for TRB3 expression, and histopathologic analyses of cardiomyocyte density, lipids accumulation, cardiac inflammation, and fibrosis area. We then used gene silencing to investigate the role of TRB3 in the pathophysiologic features of DCM.

RESULTS
Rats with DCM showed severe insulin resistance, left ventricular dysfunction, aberrant lipids deposition, cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and TRB3 overexpression. We found that the silencing of TRB3 ameliorated metabolic disturbance and insulin resistance; myocardial hypertrophy, lipids accumulation, inflammation, fibrosis, and elevated collagen I-to-III content ratio in DCM rats were significantly decreased. These anatomic findings were accompanied by significant improvements in cardiac function. Furthermore, with TRB3 gene silencing, the inhibited phosphorylation of Akt was restored and the increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 and Jun NH2-terminal kinase in DCM was significantly decreased.

Conclusions.
TRB3 gene silencing may exert a protective effect on DCM by improving selective insulin resistance, implicating its potential role for treatment of human DCM.
Location, Location, Location: Geographic Clustering of Lower-Extremity Amputation Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Diabetes
Authors: Margolis David J. , Hoffstad Ole , Nafash Jeffrey , Leonard Charles E. , Freeman Cristin P. , Hennessy Sean , Wiebe Douglas J. 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE
Lower-extremity amputation (LEA) is common among persons with diabetes. The goal of this study was to identify geographic variation and the influence of location on the incidence of LEA among U.S. Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a cohort study of beneficiaries of Medicare. The geographic unit of analysis was hospital referral regions (HRRs). Tests of spatial autocorrelation and geographically weighted regression were used to evaluate the incidence of LEA by HRRs as a function of geographic location in the U.S. Evaluated covariates covered sociodemographic factors, risk factors for LEA, diabetes severity, provider access, and cost of care.

RESULTS
Among persons with diabetes, the annual incidence per 1,000 of LEA was 5.0 in 2006, 4.6 in 2007, and 4.5 in 2008 and varied by the HRR. The incidence of LEA was highly concentrated in neighboring HRRs. High rates of LEA clustered in contiguous portions of Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Mississippi. Accounting for geographic location greatly improved our ability to understand the variability in LEA. Additionally, covariates associated with LEA per HRR included socioeconomic status, prevalence of African Americans, age, diabetes, and mortality rate associated with having a foot ulcer.

CONCLUSIONS
There is profound “region-correlated” variation in the rate of LEA among Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes. In other words, location matters and whereas the likelihood of an amputation varies dramatically across the U.S. overall, neighboring locations have unexpectedly similar amputation rates, some being uniformly high and others uniformly low.
Sleep Architecture and Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis in Obese Adolescents
Authors: Koren Dorit , Levitt Katz Lorraine E. , Brar Preneet C. , Gallagher Paul R. , Berkowitz Robert I. , Brooks Lee J. 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE
Sleep deprivation is associated with increased risk of adult type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is uncertain whether sleep deprivation and/or altered sleep architecture affects glycemic regulation or insulin sensitivity or secretion. We hypothesized that in obese adolescents, sleep disturbances would associate with altered glucose and insulin homeostasis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This cross-sectional observational study of 62 obese adolescents took place at the Clinical and Translational Research Center and Sleep Laboratory in a tertiary care children’s hospital. Subjects underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), anthropometric measurements, overnight polysomnography, and frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and serial insulin and glucose levels were obtained, indices of insulin sensitivity and secretion were calculated, and sleep architecture was assessed. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to assess the association of total sleep and sleep stages with measures of insulin and glucose homeostasis, adjusted for confounding variables.

RESULTS
We found significant U-shaped (quadratic) associations between sleep duration and both HbA1c and serial glucose levels on OGTT and positive associations between slow-wave sleep (N3) duration and insulin secretory measures, independent of degree of obesity, pubertal stage, sex, and obstructive sleep apnea measures.

CONCLUSIONS
Insufficient and excessive sleep was associated with short-term and long-term hyperglycemia in our obese adolescents. Decreased N3 was associated with decreased insulin secretion. These effects may be related, with reduced insulin secretory capacity leading to hyperglycemia. We speculate that optimizing sleep may stave off the development of T2DM in obese adolescents.
Semantic concept of existential presupposition
Authors: Raclavský Jiří 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Strawson’s work seems to contain both pragmatic and semantic concepts of presupposition. The former concept has largely been studied by many philosophers and linguists, while the latter has not been properly investigated (van Fraassen being an exception). The present author explicates the semantic concept of existential presupposition in relation to deriving existential statements and distinguishing their de dicto/de re variants (in the rather generalized sense following Tichý).
Type IV Monteggia fracture in a cat
Authors: Lopez T. , Autefage A. , Irubetagoyena I. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryA one-year-old neutered male cat was referred for a grade IIIA open radius and ulna fracture. The mid-diaphyseal radial and ulnar fractures were associated with lateral radio-humeral and radio-ulnar dislocations. From these abnormalities, a diagnosis of type IV Monteggia fracture was made. The annular ligament was found to be intact on examination and the radial head was correctly positioned and stable after fracture reduction and plate fixation. Eighteen months postoperatively, the cat did not exhibit any signs of lameness or any signs of pain on palpation and mobilisation. Signs of mild osteoarthritis were present on radiographs.Type IV Monteggia fractures are very rare in animals. The combination of a radial head dislocation with an intact annular ligament is uncommon. This pattern allowed a single reconstruction with two plates without a radio-ulnar screw.
Radical maxillectomy as a successful treatment for gunshot-induced maxillary and nasal cavity trauma in a dog
Authors: Franks J. N. , Currao R. L. 
Published: September 2011

Summary
Objective: To report the successful treatment of gunshot-induced maxillary and nasal cavity damage with total maxillectomy in a two-year-old Labrador retriever dog.
Methods: Radical maxillectomy was performed on highly comminuted maxillary and nasal cavity fractures resulting from gunshot trauma. The procedure was performed to remove the damaged region and reconstruct the remaining tissue.
Results: Treatment of the fractures by total maxillectomy was successful in reconstruction of the remaining structures following debridement and in re-establishing return to normal activities and high owner satisfaction.
Clinical significance: The outcome in this case suggests that severe maxillary and nasal cavity trauma in other dogs may be treated with radical maxillectomy given appropriate patient and owner selection.
Online Supplementary Material Colour versions of the Figures from this paper can be found online at www.vcotonline.com.
Single cycle to failure in bending of three standard and five locking plates and plate constructs
Authors: Blake C. A. , Torrance B. S. , Tacvorian E. K. , Cabassu J. B. , Gaudette G. R. , Kowaleski M. P. , Boudrieau R. J. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryObjective: To evaluate the biomechanical properties of standard and locking plates in bending. We hypothesised that titanium (Ti) constructs would have the greatest deformation and that String of Pearl (SOP) constructs would have the greatest strength and stiffness, and would behave differently compared to plates alone.Methods: Dynamic compression plates (DCP), stainless steel (SS) limited contact (LC)-DCP®, Ti LC-DCP, locking compression plates (LCP), 10 mm and 11 mm advanced locking plate system (ALPS 10 / 11), SOP and Fixin plates were evaluated individually and as constructs applied to a validated bone model simulating a bridging osteosynthesis. Bending stiffness and strength were compared using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey, and un-paired t-test (p <0.05).Results: The SOP plates had significantly greater stiffness than all other plates Ti LCDCP, ALPS 10 and Fixin plates had significantly lower stiffness than all other plates. The SOP constructs had the highest mean bending stiffness, and strength that was significantly different from only the Ti LC-DCP, ALPS 10 and Fixin constructs. The ALPS 10 constructs had the lowest mean bending stiffness, and strength that was significantly different from only ALPS 11 and SOP constructs. Comparison of bending structural stiffness of plates versus constructs showed a significant difference in all plate pairs except for the DCP and ALPS 10.Clinical relevance: Due to differing plate construct properties inherent to these diverse implant systems, identical approaches to fracture management and plate application cannot be applied.Presented at the 38th Annual Conference of the Veterinary Orthopedic Society, Snowmass, CO, USA March 6, 2011 (Mark S. Bloomberg Memorial Research Award recipient).
Le monde comme problème philosophique
Authors: Bernard Marion 
Published: September 2011

C’est par le problème du monde que le jeune Patočka choisit de reprendre l’héritage husserlien, et c’est par le problème du monde qu’il sera conduit à en briser les cadres, en développant une phénoménologie asubjective dans laquelle le primat de la conscience transcendantale sur l’horizon du monde laisse place à la description d’une existence en mouvement dans, à partir de et vers le monde. Le problème cosmologique est celui d’une phénoménologie qui a pour ambition de se prolonger au-delà d’elle-même, de reconnaître ses conditions de possibilité asubjectives : il renvoie à l’ambition paradoxale de remonter en deçà du sujet – au projet de jeter la philosophie dans une ouverture plus originaire que la clôture du sujet transcendantal. Patočka tente ainsi d’assumer jusqu’au bout le défi de penser depuis les limites mêmes de la phénoménologie.
Vie et existence : vers une cosmologie phénoménologique
Authors: Jacquet Frédéric 
Published: September 2011

La phénoménologie patočkienne répond à l’exigence constitutive de la phénoménologie, avec une rigueur sans doute inégalée. Patočka se donne pour tâche de penser l’appartenance de l’existence (Dasein) au monde sans compromettre sa différence vis-à-vis de lui : l’ existence est essentiellement mouvement vivant , ce qui permet de déceler une commune mesure avec le monde. La question est alors celle du statut de la différence. La philosophie patočkienne prend ainsi la forme novatrice d’une cosmologie phénoménologique , dont il s’agit ici de préciser la logique propre.
Aussi vite que possible…
Authors: Hennion Antoine 
Published: September 2011

La virtuosité est au cœur de l’interprétation musicale, mais elle a un statut ambivalent. Elle est à la fois le comble de l’art, et une tentation dangereuse. En m’appuyant sur la comparaison entre des genres différents, je voudrais suggérer qu’au delà de l’opposition classique entre les musiques du corps, du spectacle, du collectif en transe, et les musiques de l’écrit, centrées sur la composition d’une œuvre et dans une large mesure élaborées en s’opposant à la séduction virtuose, il est possible de redonner à la virtuosité sa capacité d’exprimer une vérité de la musique, en faisant d’elle une esthétique de la performance : moins une prouesse technique qu’une inscription nécessaire de l’œuvre dans la fragilité d’un présent qu’il faut toujours reconquérir.
Les coulisses du sublime
Authors: Grimaud Emmanuel 
Published: September 2011

Toute cascade de cinéma peut être perçue comme une configuration expérimentale posant au spectateur un problème d’attribution. Le cinéma livre en effet depuis ses origines une course frénétique pour rendre visuellement plausibles des actions physiquement impossibles en camouflant leurs conditions de réalisation. Qui est à l’origine de quoi ? Y a-t-il procédé et lequel ? L’acteur était-il soutenu par des machines ou par des câbles ? A-t-il effectué la cascade lui-même ? etc. Or l’acte impossible que le plateau prétend réaliser n’est jamais simplement attribuable à l’acteur, aux techniciens ou à la caméra. Il n’est jamais non plus complètement réductible à du trucage. À la fois de l’ordre de la performance physique (mais pas uniquement), un brin machinique, en grande partie collective (ou distribuée), l’effet de virtuosité au cinéma reste par ailleurs toujours inachevé sans la perception d’un spectateur pour donner à la cascade sa continuité finale. En examinant comment les cascades se font, camouflent et confondent le spectateur sur leurs sources et leur processus, cet article explore les enjeux de cette virtuosité hybride et compliquée qui arrache de façon optique l’acte à ses conditions matérielles d’exécution.
Resistance pattern in drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Nagaraja C , Shashibhushan BL , Sagar C , Asif M , Manjunath PH 
Published: September 2011

Background:
Drug-resistant tuberculosis is an important issue for public health. There is a rise in the trend of drug-resistant tuberculosis, especially multi drug resistance (MDR), in different parts of world, India being one of the high burden countries. This study is undertaken to assess the various patterns of resistance among confirmed drug resistant pulmonary tubercular patients and to initiate second line anti tubercular treatment.

Aims and Objectives:
To assess various resistance patterns among confirmed drug resistant pulmonary tubercular patients and for the initiation of appropriate drug regimens in our setup.

Study Design:
An observational prospective study.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted at Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Chest Diseases, Bangalore between January 2005 and November 2010. A total of 309 drug resistant tuberculosis cases were studied. Sputum culture and drug sensitivity were carried out at National Tuberculosis Institute. Drug sensitivity testing done for all first line drugs, except pyrazinamide, by using LJ media.

Results:
In this study, out of 309 patients, MDR pattern was observed in 224 (72%), of which 20 (6.47%) had resistance only to isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP), 58 (18.7%) had resistance to INH, RMP, and either of the other first line drugs streptomycinor ethambutol and 146 (47.25%) had resistance to all first line drugs. Poly drug resistance pattern was observed in 72 (23.3%) and Mono drug resistance in 13 (4.2%).

Conclusion:
In the present study the most common pattern observed is MDR with predominant resistance to INH. There is a rise in the number of drug resistant tuberculosis cases, especially MDR. Hence close monitoring of drug resistant pattern is required to formulate designs of different regimens in the treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis; especially MDR-TB based on accredited laboratory reports, in a specialized center which is very much essential for the betterment of the patients and the community.
Relationship of body fat with insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors among normal glucose-tolerant subjects
Authors: Gokulakrishnan K , Deepa M , Monickaraj F , Mohan V 
Published: September 2011

Background:
The amount of body fat, rather than the amount of excess weight, determines the health risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease.

Aims:
To look at the association of body fat percentage with cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Settings and Design:
Cross-section study from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study.

Materials and Methods:
Body fat was measured by Beurer body fat analyzer. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed based on modified ATPIII guidelines.

Statistical Analysis:
Student's t test or one-way ANOVA (with Tukey's HSD) was used to compare groups for continuous variables.

Results:
Body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HOMA IR, serum cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol increased significantly with increasing tertiles of body fat (P<0.001). There was a linear increase in the percentage of body fat with increase in number of components of MS (no metabolic abnormality: 25±11, one metabolic abnormality: 28±10, two metabolic abnormalities: 33±8, and three and more metabolic abnormalities: 35±7) (P<0.001). Regression models showed significant association of body fat with MS after adjusting for age, gender, insulin resistance, and glycated hemoglobin (Odds ratio: 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.04 - 1.08, P<0.001). In linear regression analysis, body fat showed a significant association with insulin resistance after adjusting for age, gender, and glycated hemoglobin (β=0.030, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
A significant association exists between body fat, MS, and cardiometabolic risk factors even among subjects with NGT.
Evidence-based Standardized Care Plans for Use Internationally to Improve Home Care Practice and Population Health
Authors: Foster D.J. , Gomez T. , Poulsen J.K. , Mast J. , Westra B.L. , Fishman E. , Monsen K.A. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryObjectives: To develop evidence-based standardized care plans (EB-SCP) for use internationally to improve home care practice and population health.Methods: A clinical-expert and scholarly method consisting of clinical experts recruitment, identification of health concerns, literature reviews, development of EB-SCPs using the Omaha System, a public comment period, revisions and consensus.Results: Clinical experts from Canada, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United States participated in the project, together with University of Minnesota School of Nursing graduate students and faculty researchers. Twelve Omaha System problems were selected by the participating agencies as a basic home care assessment that should be used for all elderly and disabled patients. Interventions based on the literature and clinical expertise were compiled into EB-SCPs, and reviewed by the group. The EB-SCPs were revised and posted on-line for public comment; revised again, then approved in a public meeting by the participants. The EB-SCPs are posted on-line for international dissemination.Conclusions: Home care EB-SCPs were successfully developed and published on-line. They provide a shared standard for use in practice and future home care research. This process is an exemplar for development of evidence-based practice standards to be used for assessment and documentation to support global population health and research.