bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Diabetes Mellitus and Immunity to Some Bacterial Infections
Authors: Al-Jamal Mustafa Hussam Abd Ali , Al-Khikani Falah Hasan Obayes 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem, affecting about 10% of the population, its pathogenesis and possible causes are still unclear. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Salmonella spp. are one of the most common human bacterial pathogens, and infection causes a wide array of systemic and gastric disorders. The aim of this study is to find a possible correlation between DM and immunity to some bacterial infections.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 serum specimens were collected from different groups, 34 patients with diabetes mellitus, 33 patients with prediabetic, and 33 persons as a control group. All these samples tested for random blood sugars (RBSs), immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to H. pylori, antibodies to Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi, serum urea, and serum creatinine.

Results:
The mean of RBS in diabetic patients was 297.44 ± 84.662, while for the control group, it was 93.44 ± 9.702, with a high significant difference (P = 0.000). The prevalence of S. typhi and S. paratyphi among diabetic, prediabetic, and control groups was 32.35%, 27.27%, and 48.48%, respectively. No significant differences in urea and creatinine between all groups at P = 0.67 and P = 0.23, respectively.

Conclusions:
Significant differences between diabetic and control groups regarding IgG antibodies to H. pylori have been observed (P = 0.04). Hence, these antibodies represent a risk factor in DM. In spite of the high percentage of positive results for S. typhi and S. paratyphi in the control groups 48.48% compared to the diabetic group 32.35%, it is still insignificant at P = 0.17. Hence, antibodies to Salmonella spp. may represent the protective factor.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Audiovisual Education on Mirror Therapy Exercises among Hospitalized Stroke Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital of South Indian Town
Authors: Ramaswamy Deepa , Parimala S. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Hemiplegia, which means paralysis of one side of the body, is one of the most common and debilitating effects of a stroke. Stroke is a leading cause of permanent disability in adults. It is estimated that there will be 23 million new cases of strokes and 8 million stroke deaths in 2030. Mirror therapy (MT), in addition to a traditional rehabilitation program, was found to be useful in terms of motor recovery and upper limb function.

Materials and Methods:
The current study aimed at assessing the effect of audiovisual education on MT exercises among the hospitalized stroke patients. A quasi-experimental design was adopted in this study, where the audiovisual education was given to the experimental group, whereas routine treatment was given to the control group.

Results:
The result shows that in the experimental group, the majority (40%; n = 6) of the patients belonged to the age group of 61–70 years, whereas in the control group, majority (33.3%; n = 5) of the patients belonged to the age group of 51–60 years and 61–70 years. Majority (60%) of the patients in this study were male.

Conclusion:
MT exercises were found to be an effective, low-cost, and nonpharmacological method of lowering pain in stroke patients in the hospital.
Study of Bone Marrow Iron Storage in Patients Presented with Pancytopenia
Authors: Bardapurkar Padmakar , Randive Ruchi Samir , Gurwale Sushama , Gore Charusheela Rajesh , Viswanathan Vidya 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Bone marrow examination is a useful technique for the evaluation of both hematological and nonhematological diseases. Perls Prussian blue stain is the “gold standard” to demonstrate the iron content and hemosiderin in the sideroblasts and the bone marrow macrophages. In our study, we assess the grades of iron storage in the bone marrow, as seen in various diseases in pancytopenia patients.

Materials and Methods:
An evaluation of iron storage in bone marrow aspirate of 140 patients of pancytopenia in a tertiary care center in western India, using Perls’ stain and Gales’ system of grading.

Results:
Out of all pancytopenia cases, 60.71% of the cases had low iron stores, 30% had normal, and 9.29% of cases had high iron stores, using Gales’ system of iron stores grading. Dimorphic anemia was in the range of 0–3 iron store grade, with 72.4% having low iron stores, 24.6% having normal iron stores, and 2.8% having high iron stores. Megaloblastic anemia showed iron store grade in the range of 0–4, and iron-deficiency anemia showed decreased iron stores, along with multiple myeloma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and aplastic anemia.

Conclusion:
Gale’s method of grading is used universally to grade iron stores in bone marrow aspirate as it is highly convenient and result oriented and it helps clinicians to plan necessary treatment accordingly.
Inconspicuous Suprascapular Arteriovenous Malformation Causing Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment: Unique Case Report
Authors: Nimje Varun Vasant , Bodhankar Shubham Baburao , Yadav Tushar Suresh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital high-flow vascular malformations and are generally diagnosed when they cause localized swelling, pulsatility, or skin changes. AVMs only manifest themselves when they are sufficiently large. We present a case of a young woman presenting with nonspecific pain over the posterior aspect of the left shoulder that was found to be due to suprascapular nerve entrapment caused by an unremarkable AVM. Entrapment of the suprascapular nerve as a cause of shoulder pain is in itself unusual. That being said, AVM is even rarer and uncommon as a cause of suprascapular nerve entrapment.
Cytokines and Inflammatory Markers in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Patel Sujal , Bawankule Shilpa , Acharya Sourya , Kumar Sunil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Increased liver fat content is a hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a group of histological abnormalities. It has been proposed that these alterations in hepatic and systemic inflammation may be connected and that the presence of fat deposition in the liver is crucial for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Uncertainty surrounds whether each histological category reflects an unlike disease or merely various stages of the same disease may alter the pathogenesis and prognosis of NAFLD. A considerable activation of inflammatory cells and an increase of a variety of soluble inflammatory mediators are characteristics of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The most inflammatory NAFLD has a higher risk of developing into serious and chronic liver disease. Among other mediators, cytokines and chemokines may be important in NAFLD and are being researched as possible treatment targets. In this review, we will update our understanding of the potential impact that cytokines and chemokines may have in the emergence of NAFLD.
Management of Unilateral Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis by Interpositional Arthroplasty and Bilateral Coronoidectomy
Authors: Malhotra Prachur , Venkatesh Rashmi , Shah Deep , Badi Kavita , Chandalia Saurabh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an intracapsular union of the disc-condyle complex to the temporal articular surface that restricts mandibular movement, including the fibrous adhesions or bony fusion between condyle, disc, glenoid fossa, and articular eminence. It is more commonly associated with trauma, local or systemic infection, or systemic diseases. It is a serious and disabling condition that may cause problems in facial growth, mastication, swallowing, digestion, speech, appearance, and poor oral hygiene. The severity of ankylosis is diagnosed by evaluating the degree to which mouth opening is restricted. Conventional X-rays, computed tomography scans, or magnetic resonance imaging tests determine the abnormality in the bony or soft tissue formations in the joint area. The treatment of TMJ ankylosis poses a significant challenge because of the high incidence of recurrence. In this article, we report a case of a 27-year-old adult female who presented with left TMJ ankylosis and was treated with interpositional arthroplasty and bilateral coronoidectomy.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Ayurvedic, Homeopathic, and Conventional Dentifrice on Gingiva: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kengadaran Shivashankar , Divvi Anusha , John Joseph 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Dental diseases are a major public health problem worldwide. The World Health Organization reports a prevalence of over 60%–90% of dental caries and gingiva diseases among school children worldwide. Fluoridated dentifrices were considered to be the gold standard for the prevention of dental diseases. However, the side effects encountered with these dentifrices have led to the search for novel and safe alternatives.

Aim:
This study aims to compare the effectiveness of Ayurvedic, Homeopathic, and Conventional dentifrice on the gingiva.

Setting and Design:
Double-blinded, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted among healthy adults. Subjects were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 54). Group I-Herbal dentifrice, Group II-Homeopathic dentifrice and Group III-Fluoride dentifrice. Plaque and gingival indices were recorded at baseline, 14th day, and 28th day of follow-up.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Paired t-test and One-way ANOVA.

Results:
The mean plaque and gingiva index scores were significantly reduced by all treatment groups at the 28th day follow-up. The mean gingival index scores were reduced among all three groups. However, Group I showed the highest reduction (Group I [0.46 ± 0.09] followed by Group II [0.50 ± 0.10] and Group III [0.50 ± 0.14]) at the 14th day and (Group I [0.45 ± 0.09] followed by Group II [0.49 ± 0.06] and Group III [0.44 ± 0.9]) at the 28th day, respectively. The reduction was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:
All three groups exhibited antiplaque activity by bringing about a significant reduction in mean plaque and gingival index at 14th day and 28th day. Among all the dentifrices, Group I (Herbal dentifrice) showed better results compared to other groups.
Comparison of Cytokeratin Expression Vis-à-Vis Bloom–Richardson Grading of Breast Carcinoma in Resource-limited Setup: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mishra Preeti , Vagha Sunita , Shukla Samarth , Acharya Sourya , Jagtap Miheer Milind 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the leading cause of female mortality. Its incidence and prevalence are rapidly increasing worldwide. Age <35 years, multiple nodal involvements, ad increased size and grade are the bad prognostic factors indicating a higher risk of recurrence. Early diagnosis of breast cancer is one of the best approaches to prevent this disease.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to develop an understanding of the relationship between cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 and CK 8/18 expression and the Bloom–Richardson (BR) grading of carcinoma breast.

Materials and Methods:
The present observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study investigated CK 5/6 and CK 8/18 expression in relation to the BR grade in 50 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Hematoxylin and eosin staining for BR grade and immunohistochemistry for CK 5/6 and CK 8/18 was carried out in the histopathology and immunohistochemistry sections of the Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (M).

Results:
Out of 50 cases, CK 5/6 expression was observed in the majority of BR Grade III cases (87.50%) indicating a basal phenotype, and CK 8/18 expression was seen in the majority of BR Grade I cases (92.86%) signifying a luminal phenotype. The P value interpretation was found to be statistically significant (<0.05).

Conclusions:
CKs along with BR grading can be used as an alternative tool for predicting the endocrine status of carcinoma breast instead of employing an expensive panel of markers.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Isoform 1 as an Indicator in the Malignant Potential of Cutaneous Lichen Planus
Authors: Aliakbarpour Fatemeh , Alijanpour Robabeh , Ghorbani Raheb , Bisheh Saba Gilaki , Kashfi Arezoo , Sohanian* Shabnam 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Hypertrophic variant of cutaneous lichen planus (CLP) is a chronic variant with controversial malignant association. Since aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 1 (ALDH1) is considered as a prognostic marker in various cancers and its expression was significantly associated with malignant transformation in the oral type of lichen planus. So we decided to assess the ALDH1 expression in CLP in order to know the role of this biomarker in the CLP.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty blocks of CLP from the archive of Dermatology Department of Babol University of Medical Sciences and 30 blocks of normal skin as the control group were selected. Immunohistochemical staining for ALDH1 marker was performed. In terms of evaluation of the ALDH1 expression, the percentage of stained cells as well as the intensity of cytoplasmic staining was considered.

Results:
In this study, the percentage of stained cells, the intensity of staining the epidermal cells, and the final score of the ALDH-1 expression were significantly different between two groups (P < 0.001). There was no significant relationship between ALDH-1 expressions and sex (P = 0.0202), and also, lesion location and final score (P = 0.345). No correlation was found between age and ALDH-1 expression (P = 0.217, r = 0.232).

Conclusion:
To sum up, ALDH1 was significantly expressed in CLP; furthermore, the expression may be correlated with malignant transformation. Consequently, ALDH1 might be an independent prognostic indicator in CLP. However, further studies with larger patient samples are required to verify the findings of the current study.
Morphometric Study of Lumbar Vertebral Pedicles by Using Computed Tomography among Adults in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Yusuf , Ibrahim Mustapha U. , Saleh Mohammed K. , Adamu Mansur Y. , Hikima Mustapha Shu’aibu , Abubakar Musa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context:
Precise anatomical knowledge of lumbar pedicle dimensions is necessary to make a clinical diagnosis of lower back pain, and any structural deviation of the pedicles may result in interference with the weight transmission mechanism and compression of neural structures.

Aim:
To evaluate the morphometric dimensions of lumbar vertebral pedicles among normal adults in Kano by using computerized tomography scan images.

Materials and Method:
This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study that was conducted in the radiology department of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH). This study was conducted over 1 year and included 110 adults aged 18–75 years involving both sexes in Kano, using their CT scan images from L1 to L5, following IRB ethics approval. Each vertebral pedicle was measured in transverse and sagittal planes. The measurements included the pedicle width (PW), sagittal pedicle height (SPH), and the pedicle chord length (PCL) of individual pedicles. The mean and standard deviations for each measurement parameter were determined, and parametric correlation tests were performed to determine the relationships between age, sex, and ethnicity.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data analysis was performed using the statistical software package IBM SPSS Statistics version-23 for Windows. The significance level was considered at P < 0.05.

Results:
Mean PW size increased craniocaudally along the lumbar spine from L1 (7.49 ± 1.52 mm) to L5 (14.31 ± 1.93 mm). A gradual decrease in mean SPH sizes from L1 (14.53 ± 1.32 mm) to L5 (11.73 ± 1.38 mm) was noted, while mean PCL showed an irregular “U” pattern, with the smallest size at L4 (44.63 ± 3.42 mm) and highest at L2 (46.80 ± 3.85 mm). All measured dimensions were significantly higher in the right pedicles and among male subjects (P < 0.05). Age and ethnicity did not consistently affect pedicle dimensions (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study observed right pedicle dimensions and male subjects as having significantly larger pedicle diameters, with age and ethnicity not having a significant effect on pedicle sizes across all vertebral levels.
Pedicled Anterolateral Thigh Flap
Authors: Elnahas Mohamed Abdalla 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Once it has been first described by Song et al., in 1984, anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap gains wide popularity as a free flap with only a few reports in the literature regarding its application as a pedicled flap in regional soft-tissue reconstruction in pediatric patients.

Materials and Methods:
The author describes his experience about the role of pedicled ALT flap in reconstruction of different local defects in pediatric patients. Representative cases are presented for illustration.

Results:
Nine patients with ischial, trochanteric, and groin defects have been reconstructed by pedicled ALT flap between January 2018 and January 2019. The patients were between 7- and 15-year-old. The size of the flaps measured from 4 cm × 6 cm to 19 cm × 17 cm. The type of the flap was myocutaneous flaps in six cases and as perforator flaps in three cases. Primary closure of the donor site has been done in seven cases while split-thickness skin grafts were done in two cases. Eight flaps have been totally survived while partial necrosis has been occurred in the distal end of one case.

Conclusion:
Pedicled ALT flap provide a reliable and versatile option for plastic surgeons in reconstruction of difficult regional soft-tissue defects in pediatric patients especially when bulkiness and resistance of infection is indicated, with accepted functional and cosmetic results.
Freestyle Anterolateral Thigh Flap and Perforator Variations
Authors: Gur Ersin 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has become an increasingly popular reconstructive option, especially for head-and-neck and extremity defects. In addition to the many advantages of the ALT flap, there are also some disadvantages such as individual variations in the number and location of cutaneous perforators. Doppler ultrasonography (USG) is one of the most frequently used methods to overcome variations in perforator anatomy. However, the Doppler device may obtain false results so some clinics use the “freestyle” harvesting technique for ALT flap. The aim of the study is to examine experience with freestyle ALT flap harvesting and to evaluate the perforator variations.

Materials and Methods:
Between 2018 and 2021, 59 ALT flaps were harvested by the same microsurgical team for head-and-neck reconstructions. Of 59 patients, 23 were female and 36 were male. Cases were performed without using preoperative or peroperative imaging techniques.

Results:
In 2 (3%) of 59 patients, different septocutaneous flap options were used because suitable perforators could not be found in both thigh regions. For 57 ALT flaps, the rate of descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) perforators was 73%, transverse/ascending branch was 17%, aberrant perforators other than classical branches of LCFA was 7%, and the perforator from medial circumflex femoral artery was 1%. Partial necrosis due to perfusion problem was experienced in one flap and total necrosis was in two flaps.

Conclusion:
The advantages of the freestyle technique, such as allowing the evaluation of all perforators and designing flaps according to the appropriate perforator, provide great flexibility and convenience to the surgeon. With this, surgical problems caused by inaccurate results obtained by devices such as Doppler USG are excluded.
In-Depth Survey of Demographic, Clinical, and Operative Measures in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients in Northwestern Turkey
Authors: Karadag Sari E. Cigdem , Yasar Emrah Kagan , Eren Guler Gamze , Altinkaya Altug , Agir Hakan 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Orofacial clefts are the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies, globally. However, few reports describe cleft demographic, clinical, and surgical information in a Turkish population.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this study is to investigate the demographic, clinical, surgical information and outcomes of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) patients in Northwestern Turkey.

Materials and Methods:
We assessed demographic, clinical, operative characteristics, and postoperative complications data in this retrospective review of electronic medical records at a tertiary referral center from 2005 to 2015.

Results:
Our study included 150 CL/P patients (88 men, 62 women). Cleft lip and palate (CLP) was the most prevalent type of cleft (60%), followed by isolated cleft palate (31.3%) and isolated cleft lip (8.7%). The rates of maternal folic acid use, smoking, alcohol intake, and consanguinity were 83.3%, 5.3%, 1.3%, and 3.3%, respectively. Nasoalveolar molding was applied mostly in bilateral—not unilateral—CLP patients. The modified, extended Mohler technique was common for cleft lip repairs. Most cleft palate repairs used Bardach's two-flap palatoplasty combined with radical intravelar veloplasty. Most cases required grommet insertion. For cleft palate patients, myringotomy or paracentesis was performed in 12.8% of repairs, and acellular dermal matrix was used in 28.5% of repairs.

Conclusion:
Knowledge of CL/P characteristics is crucial for treatment planning and satisfactory health care. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess CLP data in a Turkish population.
Is percutaneous nephrolithotomy safe in chronic kidney disease patients!!!
Authors: Adiga Pramod , Pudakalkatti Sanjay Ramachandra , Shivakumar V. , Jain Mayank , Sreenidhi R. Navaneeth , Manohar C. S. , Jayaram Sreenivas , Nagabhushan M. , Keshavamurthy Ramaiah 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Management of renal calculus in a patient of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is always challenging. Treatment options include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, retrograde intrarenal surgery, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). With PCNL being gold standard for renal calculus ≥1.5 cm in normal kidneys, we aimed to analyze the safety and efficacy of PCNL in CKD patients with calculus ≥1.5 cm.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty patients of CKD with renal calculus were included in the study: Group A with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≤30 ml/min/m2 and Group B with GFR >30 <60 ml/min/m2. The estimated GFR (eGFR) pre-PCNL, peak eGFR on follow-up, and eGFR at last follow-up, stone free rates, and complications were recorded. The CKD stage before and after PCNL were also compared at the last follow-up.

Results:
The mean age of patients was 52 years. A mean of 1.14sittings per renal unit was required for PCNL. Complete clearance was 94% after all auxiliary procedures. The mean prePCNL eGFR was 26.5 ± 4.01 and 43.6 ± 9l. 14 ml/min/1.73 m2 in Groups A and B, respectively. The mean post-PCNL eGFR was 32 ± 9.94 and 51 ± 8.85 ml/minute/1.73 m2, respectively, in Groups A and B. At a mean follow-up of 180 days, deterioration with the migration of CKD stage was seen in 13 patients (21.6%) out of which 10 patients were of Groups A and 3 in Group B. Six patients (10%) required maintenance hemodialysis. Postoperative bleeding complication requiring blood transfusions was seen in 12 (20%) and 3 (5%) required intensive care unit care postoperatively. No mortality was observed in our study.

Conclusion:
PCNL is an effective management strategy for renal calculus in patients with CKD with an acceptable stone clearance rates and manageable complications. Peak eGFR <30 ml/min/m2 and postprocedure complications predict deterioration and need for RRT.