bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential response of meio- and macrofauna to in situ burial
Authors: Whomersley P. , Huxham M. , Schratzberger M. , Bolam S. 
Published: June 2009

Benthic nematode and macrofaunal communities are regularly utilized in impact studies. However, very few studies are carried out utilizing both communities. A literature search using the search engine Scopus (www.Scopus.com) covering the last twenty years, using the keywords ‘Macrofauna’ and ‘Disturbance’ then ‘Meiofauna’ and ‘Disturbance’ and finally ‘Macrofauna and Meiofauna’ and ‘Disturbance’, gave 210, 115 and 36 hits respectively. To assess the differential response of meio- and macrofauna to in situ burial a replicated random block designed field experiment was carried out over a 9-month period on an intertidal mud flat. In situ burial was achieved by spreading 4 cm of anoxic mud on top of each treatment plot at two different intensities. Differences in the response of the two faunal communities over time were assessed using both univariate and multivariate techniques. Clear differences in community behaviour over time and in response to the different intensities of disturbance were observed. Overall macrofauna were found to be more sensitive to physical disturbance than meiofaunal nematodes, although, attributes of meiofaunal nematode communities were more sensitive to the initial impacts of disturbance. The observed community-specific responses and sensitivities of meiofauna and macrofauna to the physical disturbance associated with in situ burial highlights the importance of using both faunal types in the assessment of the effects of seabed disturbance in the marine environment.
Rallying theQaum:The Muslim League in the United Provinces, 1937–1939
Authors: DHULIPALA VENKAT 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper re-examines the nature of the Muslim League's mobilization of the UP Muslims during the period of Congress party rule and the extent to which it was successful in emerging as their ‘authoritative, representative organization’. In the light of such a re-examination, the paper makes two arguments. First, in contrast to the existing historiography which highlights the role of Jinnah in the ML's revival, this paper underlines the agency of the local leadership of the ML in this process. Second, the paper argues that even though the ML emerged as a popular political party among the UP Muslims in this period, its strength still remained uncertain. This became evident during theMadhe Sahabaagitation between 1938 and 1939 that led to serious tensions and riots between Shias and Sunnis in the city of Lucknow. These tensions threatened to fracture the political base of the ML in the UP besides snowballing into a wider all-India conflict. During this crisis the ML stood aside helplessly, unable to exert its authority as the ‘premier’ organization of the Indian Muslims. These divisions within the Muslim community in the ML's putative bastion in the UP demonstrate that the party still had a task ahead in terms of rallying theQaum.
Identification of the agent causing visceral leishmaniasis in Uzbeki and Tajiki foci by analysing parasite DNA extracted from patients' Giemsa-stained tissue preparations
Authors: ALAM M. Z. , KOVALENKO D. A. , KUHLS K. , NASYROVA R. M. , PONOMAREVA V. I. , FATULLAEVA A. A. , RAZAKOV S. A. , SCHNUR L. F. , SCHÖNIAN G. 
Published: June 2009

SUMMARYOur present study is the first attempt to characterizeLeishmaniaparasites from foci in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). PCR-sequencing of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 and multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) were applied to DNA extracted from preparations of Giemsa-stained bone marrow aspirates from 13 cases of VL.L. infantumwas shown to cause VL currently occurring in this area. MLMT applying 14 microsatellite markers, previously shown to be polymorphic for strains of theL. donovanicomplex, revealed that microsatellite profiles of parasites causing human VL in the Namangan and Jizzakh regions in Uzbekistan, and Penjikent region in Tajikistan, basically coincide with those of strains ofL. infantumMON-1. Furthermore, these parasites were assigned to a distinct cluster genetically clearly separated from the populations ofL. infantumMON-1 from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. The existence of a genetically homogeneous but distinct group ofL. infantumMON-1 indicates that the parasites circulating in the Uzbeki and Tajiki foci studied have been restricted there for a long time rather than having been recently introduced from elsewhere by human or animal reservoir migration.
Tracking a heterosis effect in the field: tadpole resistance to parasites in the water frog hybridogenetic complex
Authors: PLANADE B. , LENA J.-P. , LI H. , PLENET S. , GUEGAN J.-F. , THOMAS F. , HURTREZ-BOUSSES S. , RENAUD F. , JOLY P. 
Published: June 2009

SUMMARYDepending on the extent of evolutionary divergence among parent taxa, hybrids may suffer from a breakdown of co-adapted genes or may conversely exhibit vigour due to the heterosis effect, which confers advantages to increased genetic diversity. That last mechanism could explain the success of hybrids when hybridization zones are large and long lasting, such as in the water frog hybridization complex. In this hybridogenetic system, hybrid individuals exhibit full heterozygosity that makes it possible to investigatein situthe impact of hybridization. We have compared parasite intensity between hybridRana esculentaand parentalR. lessonaeindividuals at the tadpole stage in two populations inhabiting contrasted habitats. We estimated intensity ofGyrinicolasp. (Nematoda) in the gut, Echinostome metacercariae in the kidneys andHaplometra cylindraceain the body cavity (both species belong to Trematoda). Despite high sampling effort, no variation in parasite intensity was detected between taxa, except a possible higher tolerance toH. cylindraceain hybrid tadpoles. The low effect of hybridization suggests efficient gene co-adaptation between the two genomes that could result from hemiclonal selection. Variation in infection intensity among ponds could support the Red Queen hypothesis.
Flow cytometric assessment of distinct physiological stages withinCryptosporidium parvumsporozoites post-excystation
Authors: KING B. J. , HOEFEL D. , LIM S. P. , ROBINSON B. S. , MONIS P. T. 
Published: June 2009

SUMMARYCryptosporidium parvumare protozoan parasites responsible for outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease worldwide. Within the apical complex of this organism reside numerous vesicular secretory organelles and their discharge has been identified as essential for sporozoite motility, cell attachment and penetration. Traditionally, investigation of apical organelle discharge has relied on microscopic and immunochemical hybridization techniques. In this study we demonstrate for the first time how flow cytometry, in combination with vital dye staining, provides an avenue for discrimination of distinct physiological events occurring withinCryptosporidiumsporozoites post-excystation. Time-course studies of freshly excysted sporozoites were carried out at 37°C in cell-free medium, stained with the fluorescent dyes SYTO9/PI, DiBAC4(3), Fluo-4 AM or FM1-43 and analysed by flow cytometry. Significant decreases in sporozoite plasma membrane permeability and increased membrane depolarization were found to be accompanied by concomitant increases in intracellular calcium. Subsequent to these changes, large increases in exocytosed vesicular membrane were apparent. In addition, by measuring side and forward angle light scatter we were able to assess changes in internal granularity and size of sporozoites post-excystation. These observations were suggestive of rapid mobilization, utilization and discharge of apical organelles within sporozoites, which we relate to changes in sporozoite infectivity, ATP levels and total secreted soluble protein.
Dynamics of the heat semigroup on symmetric spaces
Authors: JI LIZHEN , WEBER ANDREAS 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to show that the dynamics of Lp heat semigroups (p>2) on a symmetric space of non-compact type is very different from the dynamics of the Lp heat semigroups if 1<p≤2. To see this, we show that certain shifts of the Lp heat semigroups have a chaotic behavior if p>2, and that such a behavior is not possible in the cases 1<p≤2. These results are compared with the corresponding situation for Euclidean spaces and symmetric spaces of compact type, where such a behavior is not possible.
Diffeomorphisms Hölder conjugate to Anosov diffeomorphisms
Authors: GOGOLEV ANDREY 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe show by means of a counterexample that a C1+Lip diffeomorphism Hölder conjugate to an Anosov diffeomorphism is not necessarily Anosov. Also we include a result from the 2006 PhD thesis of Fisher: a C1+Lip diffeomorphism Hölder conjugate to an Anosov diffeomorphism is Anosov itself provided that Hölder exponents of the conjugacy and its inverse are sufficiently large.
Persistence of wandering intervals in self-similar affine interval exchange transformations
Authors: BRESSAUD XAVIER , HUBERT PASCAL , MAASS ALEJANDRO 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this article we prove that given a self-similar interval exchange transformation T(λ,π), whose associated matrix verifies a quite general algebraic condition, there exists an affine interval exchange transformation with wandering intervals that is semi-conjugated to it. That is, in this context the existence of Denjoy counterexamples occurs very often, generalizing the result of Cobo [Piece-wise affine maps conjugate to interval exchanges. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.22 (2002), 375–407].
Nutrition and health education intervention for student volunteers: topic-wise assessment of impact using a non-parametric test
Authors: Vijayapushpam T , Antony Grace Maria , Subba Rao GM , Raghunatha Rao D 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of a classroom-based nutrition and health education intervention among student community volunteers in improving their knowledge on individual topics.DesignProspective follow-up study. Topic-wise knowledge change among student volunteers on individual topics (twenty-one questions related to nutrition and health, eight questions related to infectious diseases and two questions related to obesity and hypertension) pertaining to nutrition and health was evaluated at baseline and after intervention, using the McNemar test.SettingSix different colleges affiliated to Osmania University, Andhra Pradesh, India.SubjectsSix hundred and eighty-seven student volunteers under the National Service Scheme, of both genders, average age 19 years.ResultsA significant mean improvement of 11·36 (sd 8·49, P < 0·001) was observed in the overall nutrition and health knowledge scores of the student volunteers after the education intervention. The McNemar test showed that knowledge on individual topics related to energy, proteins, fats, adolescent phase, obesity, some lifestyle diseases and infectious diseases improved significantly (P < 0·01). No significant (P > 0·05) improvement was observed in knowledge on the nutritional content of milk and sprouted grams, hypertension, HIV/AIDS, ELISA and malaria.ConclusionsTopics on which our educational intervention could not bring about significant knowledge improvement have been identified and suitable modifications can be carried out to strengthen them.
An investigation of the ways in which public health nutrition policy and practices can address climate change
Authors: Sulda Heidi , Coveney John , Bentley Michael 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a framework to guide action in the public health nutrition workforce to develop policies and practices addressing factors contributing to climate change.DesignAction/consultative research.SettingInterviews – South Australia, questionnaire – Australia.SubjectsInterviews – key informants (n 6) were from various government, academic and non-government positions, invited through email. Questionnaire – participants were members of the public health nutrition workforce (n 186), recruited to the study through emails from public health nutrition contacts for each State in Australia (with the exception of South Australia).ResultsSupport by participants for climate change as a valid role for dietitians and nutritionists was high (78 %). However, climate change was ranked low against other public health nutrition priorities. Support of participants to conduct programmes to address climate change from professional and work organisations was low. The final framework developed included elements of advocacy/lobbying, policy, professional recognition/support, organisational support, knowledge/skills, partnerships and programmes.ConclusionsThis research demonstrates a need for public health nutrition to address climate change, which requires support by organisations, policy, improved knowledge and increased professional development opportunities.
Factors associated with overweight in children in Rasht, Iran: gender, maternal education, skipping breakfast and parental obesity
Authors: Maddah Moshen , Nikooyeh Bahareh 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the determinants of overweight and obesity among 6- to 11-year-old schoolchildren in Rasht, Iran.DesignCross-sectional survey. Data on age, weekly frequency of skipping breakfast, physical activity and hours of television viewing were collected. Information on birth weight, parental age, parental educational levels, parental weight and height, and mother’s employment status were gathered through self-administrated questionnaires given to the parents.SettingElementary schools in Rasht.SubjectsA total of 6635 children (3551 boys and 3084 girls) attending elementary schools in Rasht were studied.ResultsThe overall prevalence of overweight was 11·5 % and 15·0 % for boys and girls, respectively; while the overall prevalence of obesity was 5·0 % and 5·9 %, respectively. Children with more educated mothers had a higher prevalence of overweight than children with less educated mothers. Logistic regression analysis showed that children with overweight/obese parents, children with more educated mothers and children who often skipped breakfast were more prone to overweight and obesity.ConclusionsThese data suggest that overweight and obesity is a public health concern in this age group in Rasht. The observed sex and social differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity call for policy makers’ attention.
A survey of across-target bioactivity results of small molecules in PubChem
Authors: Han Lianyi , Wang Yanli , Bryant Stephen H. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
This work provides an analysis of across-target bioactivity results in the screening data deposited in PubChem. Two alternative approaches for grouping-related targets are used to examine a compound's across-target bioactivity. This analysis identifies compounds that are selectively active against groups of protein targets that are identical or similar in sequence. This analysis also identifies compounds that are bioactive across unrelated targets. Statistical distributions of compound' across-target selectivity provide a survey to evaluate target specificity of compounds by deriving and analyzing bioactivity profile across a wide range of biological targets for tested small molecules in PubChem. This work enables one to select target specific inhibitors, identify promiscuous compounds and better understand the biological mechanisms of target-small molecule interactions.
Contact: ywang@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; bryant@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Prestige centrality-based functional outlier detection in gene expression analysis
Authors: Torkamani Ali , Schork Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Traditional gene expression analysis techniques capture an average gene expression state across sample replicates. However, the average signal across replicates will not capture activated gene networks in different states across replicates. For example, if a particular gene expression network is activated within a subset or all sample replicates, yet the activation state across the sample replicates differs by the specific genes activated in each replicate, the activation of this network will be washed out by averaging across replicates. This situation is likely to occur in single cell gene expression experiments or in noisy experimental settings where a small sub-population of cells contributes to the gene expression signature of interest.
Results and Implementation: In this light, we developed a novel network-based approach which considers gene expression within each replicate across its entire gene expression profile, and identifies outliers across replicates. The power of this method is demonstrated by its ability to enrich for distant metastasis related genes derived from noisy expression data of CD44+CD24-/low tumor initiating cells.
Contact: atorkama@scripps.edu; atorkama@scrippshealth.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Stroke work or systolic dP/dtmax to evaluate acute response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: are they interchangeable?
Authors: de Roest Gerjan , Knaapen Paul , Götte Marco , Hendriks Thijs , Allaart Cor , de Cock Carel , van Rossum Albert 
Published: June 2009

BackgroundCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is characterized by a ~30% non‐response. Invasive haemodynamic measurements are a traditional method to evaluate response to CRT. This study evaluates the correlation between acute changes in dP/dtmax and Stroke Work (SW) during CRT.MethodsThirty‐four CRT candidates were haemodynamically evaluated by pressure–volume loop analysis during biventricular pacing.ResultsMean dP/dtmax and SW at baseline were 854 ± 198 and 5186 ± 2349, and displayed an increase during pacing of 106 ± 117 mmHg/s (13% ± 14%) and 1303 ± 3039 mL/mmHg (30% ± 52%), respectively. No correlation was found between the percentage change in dP/dtmax and SW (R = 0.06, P = ns). When defining response an augmentation of 10% relative to baseline for both parameters, 16 patients demonstrated an ambiguous response.ConclusionAlthough both parameters display an average increase during pacing, the change relative to baseline values of SW and dP/dtmax is not related.
Decreased beta‐adrenergic responsiveness following hypertrophy occurs only in cardiomyocytes that also re‐express beta‐myosin heavy chain
Authors: Pandya Kumar , Porter Kristine , Rockman Howard A. , Smithies Oliver 
Published: June 2009

AimsCardiac hypertrophy is associated with a reduction in the contractile response to beta‐adrenergic stimulation, and with re‐expression of foetal genes such as beta‐myosin heavy chain (MHC). However, whether these two markers of pathology develop concordantly in the same individual cells or independently in different cells is not known.Methods and resultsTo answer this question, we examined the beta‐adrenergic response of individual beta‐MHC expressing and non‐expressing myocytes from hypertrophic hearts, using a previously generated mouse model (YFP/beta‐MHC) in which a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) is fused to the native beta‐MHC protein allowing easy identification of beta‐MHC expressing cells. Yellow fluorescent protein/beta‐MHC mice were submitted to 4 weeks of transverse aortic constriction (TAC), and the contractile parameters of isolated individual myocytes in response to the beta‐adrenergic agonist isoproterenol were assessed. Our results demonstrate that the decrease in isoproterenol‐induced cell shortening that develops in TAC hearts occurs only in those hypertrophic myocytes that re‐express beta‐MHC. Hypertrophic myocytes that do not express beta‐MHC have contractility indices indistinguishable from non‐TAC controls.ConclusionThese data show that the reduction of beta‐adrenergic response occurs only in subsets, rather than in all myocytes, and is coincident with re‐expression of beta‐MHC.
‘Une tortue avec des ailes’: Progressing in Flaubert's
Bouvard et Pécuchet
Authors: Rees Kate 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

This article considers Flaubert's relationship to the nineteenth-century belief in progress. It focuses on his last, uncompleted novel,
Bouvard et Pécuchet
(1880). Progress is discussed as a historical force of momentum which can be analysed through the metaphor of the journey. The contention is that Flaubert's writing offers a complex response to the flux of history and is detected in
Bouvard et Pécuchet
through the structural dualism offered by the characters' differences, and through the obstacle-strewn journeys they undertake as they embark on their quest for knowledge. Virgil Nemoianu's study of literature and progress,
A Theory of the Secondary
, offers a model for the dynamic found in Flaubert's work. Nemoianu suggests a movement whereby progress is achieved not necessarily in spite of obstacles but as a result of the impediments to linear progression that they provide. These contradictory energies are found in Flaubert's novel and are examined in relation to two of the numerous expeditions undertaken by Bouvard and Pécuchet: their initial move from Paris to the countryside, and a later trip to Fécamp pursued as part of their research into geology.
Pique-niquer sur le volcan: une pratique culturelle de Winckelmann à Sade
Authors: McCallam David 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

A partir de deux épisodes aux accents infernaux tirés de la vie de Winckelmann et de la prose de Sade, cet article examine une étrange pratique culturelle de la fin du dix-huitième siècle: pique-niquer sur le volcan, en l'occurrence le Vésuve, escale essentielle et spectacle sublime du Grand Tour. Puisant dans des lettres et des récits de voyage des touristes français et anglais, nous interrogeons cette commensalité — le fait de manger ensemble — aux flancs du volcan, interrogation qui révise et précise la signification du terme
pique-nique
au dix-huitième siècle. De plus, nous rapprochons cette vision ‘alimentaire’ du volcan d'un autre phénomène culturel napolitain de l'époque: la cocagne. Ainsi, selon nous, volcan et cocagne constituent les deux pôles symboliques entre lesquels s'exerce le régime (au sens à la fois politique et diététique) du roi de Naples. En conclusion, nous analysons quelques réponses des touristes à l'appétit démesuré du Vésuve, constatant que ces réponses (dont le pique-nique lui-même) s'efforcent avant tout d'y réimposer une certaine mesure — que celle-ci soit scientifique ou esthétique.
Mudimbe's Fetish of the West and Epistemological Utopianism
Authors: Fraiture Pierre-Philippe 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

This article will provide a close reading of Mudimbe's early collections of essays
L'Autre Face du royaume
(1973) and
L'Odeur du père
(1982). In the English-language exegesis of Mudimbe's writings, these two key texts have been unduly neglected in favour of
The Invention of Africa
(1988), an essay which, from a chronological point of view, coincided more conveniently with the advent of the postcolonial ‘turn’. I will however contend that these two collections offer a rare combination of revolutionary idealism and early postcolonial methodology. I will also argue that Mudimbe's erudite exploration of Western knowledge on sub-Saharan Africa in these two books, albeit somewhat fetishizing in relation to the ‘West’ and its purported oneness, offers more than a meta-philosophical exercise and assessment of Africa's intellectual dependency. Mudimbe's engagement with Foucault's archaeology is a strategy to advocate an epistemological and hence political revolution which reaffirms Mudimbe's filiation with anticolonialist utopianism and Sartre's philosophy of subjectivity.