bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LEAPFROGGING INTO THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY: ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES OF THE ARAB GULF STATES
Authors: EWERS MICHAEL C. , MALECKI EDWARD J. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe oil‐abundant, labour‐deficient countries of the Persian Gulf are investing their wealth towards creating economic development beyond oil. At a minimum, these strategies are attempts to craft the basis for sustainable economic development in a global economy that is more dependent on human capital and creativity than on natural resource wealth. This paper examines the Gulf development experience in light of theories on the diversification of natural resource‐based economies, the transition from pre‐ to post‐industrial development, and the role of services as an economic base. The paper assesses the Gulf's current development efforts and post‐oil, knowledge‐based aspirations in terms of the region's competitiveness, knowledge accumulation, and labour market structure.
THE GERMAN EAST‐WEST DIVIDE IN KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION: AN APPLICATION TO NANOMATERIAL PATENTING
Authors: PATUELLI ROBERTO , VAONA ANDREA , GRIMPE CHRISTOPH 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTResearch and development (R&D), in the field of nanomaterials is expected to be a major driver of innovation and economic growth. Consequently, it is of great interest to understand which factors facilitate the creation of new technological knowledge. The existing literature has typically addressed this question by employing a knowledge production function based on firm‐, regional‐ or even country‐level data. Estimating the effects for the entire national system of innovation, however, assumes poolability of regional data. We apply our reasoning to Germany, which has well‐known regional disparities, in particular between the East and the West. Based on analyses at the NUTS 3 regional level, we find different knowledge production functions for the East and the West. Moreover, we investigate how our results are affected by the adoption of alternative aggregation levels. Overall, our findings suggest that a careful evaluation of poolability and aggregation is required before estimating knowledge production functions at the regional level.
THE IMPORTANCE OF TRUST IN ‘TRANSITIONAL’ EUROPE. THE CASE OF THE TEXTILE BAZAARS IN ŁÓDŹ (POLAND)
Authors: VAN DER VELDE MARTIN 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis contribution will address the issue of trust (and distrust) in a period of (Central) European transition. This will be illustrated using the example of the bazaars in the greater Łódź region. As the bazaar trade did and does play an important role in the adaptation necessary in a period of transition, they are used as a proxy for the post‐socialist societies in the 1990s and the first decade of the twentieth century. The role of trust, especially, in the current spatial or horizontal outreach will be discussed.
Temporal Interpolation of Spatially Dynamic Polygons
Authors: Daniels Alex , Dean Denis J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this study we compare two methods of interpolating simple metrics from polygons that change over time. Conventional methodology involves computing values of the metrics at points in time where the polygon is observed, and interpolating between these observed values to estimate values at other points in time. An alternative method applies interpolation techniques to the locations of vertices composing polygons are interpolated between observations and metrics are computed from the interpolated polygon shapes. We conducted a Monte Carlo simulation of both techniques using simulated polygons composed of varying numbers of vertices, which were allowed to move randomly over varying numbers of discrete time periods. We observed differences in the success of the two methods when applied to three metrics: Area, Perimeter, and Area/Perimeter Ratio. We found the two techniques to perform differently depending upon the metric being interpolated. Full results are presented and possible reasons why the techniques succeeded or failed under various conditions are discussed.
An Adaptive Method of High Accuracy Surface Modeling and Its Application to Simulating Elevation Surfaces
Authors: Yue Tian‐Xiang , Chen Chuan‐Fa , Li Bai‐Lian 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn adaptive method is employed to speed up computation of high accuracy surface modeling (HASM), for which an error indicator and an error estimator are developed. Root mean‐square error (RMSE) is used as the error estimator that is formulated as a function of gully density and grid cell size. The error indicator is developed on the basis of error surfaces for different spatial resolutions, which are interpolated in terms of the absolute errors calculated at sampled points while paying attention to the landform characteristics. The error surfaces indicate the magnitude and distribution of errors in each step of adaptive refinement and make spatial changes to the errors in the simulation process visualized. The adaptive method of high accuracy surface modeling (HASM‐AM) is applied to simulating elevation surface of the Dong‐Zhi tableland with 27.24 million pixels at a spatial resolution of 10 m × 10 m. Test results show that HASM‐AM has greatly speeded up computation by avoiding unnecessary calculations and saving memory. In addition, HASM‐AM improves simulation accuracy.
Suffering the Promise of God: Engaging Oswald Bayer
Authors: JENSON MATT 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article examines Oswald Bayer's wide‐ranging constructive appropriation and application of Luther's theology of the Word. Bayer grounds theology in the divine word of promise, understanding theology and the Christian life as a vita receptiva in which human action is, from first to last, responsive. He pits Luther against modern theological evasions of the Word in his insistence on the distinctively Christian pathos of existence, and his ethic of categorical gift reflects this. I conclude with a commendation of Bayer's theology of the Word, a question about the relation between God's revelation and hiddenness and a concern that he may at times compromise the definitive self‐revelation of God in Christ.
Performances across Time and Space: Drama in the Global Households of Filipina Transmigrant Workers
Authors: Arnado Janet M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe separation of transnational domestic workers from their kinship households and their inclusion into new ones is a conflict situation that creates social drama. Contradictions in their positions in these two global households highlight this drama, for example, in their contrasting roles as breadwinners in one household and as domestic workers in the other, as transnational mothers and live‐in caregivers, and as international migrants and domestically confined workers. In this article, I employ Erving Goffman’s (1959) dramaturgical approach, particularly “contrived” and “real” performances, to examine the everyday performances of migrant workers across time and space, that is, vis‐à‐vis their contradictory roles as breadwinners in their left‐behind kinship households in the Philippines and as “maids” in their co‐residential global households in Singapore, over a period of time. I offer the time‐performance continuum loop as a context explaining the variations of domestic workers’ performances. This model captures the initial years of employment as overwhelming the migrants with hardships and poor performances whereas long‐term employment as equipping them with mastery in their performances. My research draws from conventional ethnographic fieldwork among Filipina domestic workers in Singapore, supplemented by a virtual ethnography in an online forum among Singapore employers.
Regulation of the molecular response to oxygen limitations in plants
Authors: Licausi Francesco 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe oxygen availability to plant tissues can vary strongly in time and space. To endure short‐ or long‐term oxygen deprivation, plants evolved a series of metabolic and morphological adaptations that have been extensively studied. However, our knowledge of the molecular regulation of these processes is not as well understood. In this review, the recent findings on the molecular effectors that regulate the response of higher plants to oxygen deficiency are discussed. Although no direct oxygen sensor has been discovered in plants so far, mechanisms that perceive low‐oxygen derived signals have been reported, involving different sets of transcription factors (TFs). The ERF (Ethylene Responsive Factor) family especially appears to play a crucial role in the determination of survival to reduced oxygen availability in Arabidopsis and rice. This class of TFs displays a broad range of targets, being involved in both the metabolic reprogramming and the morphological adaptations exploited by plants when subjected to low‐oxygen conditions.
Chronic Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol treatment in rhesus monkeys: differential tolerance and cross‐tolerance among cannabinoids
Authors: McMahon Lance R. 
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe extent to which behavioural effects vary as a function of CB1receptor agonist efficacy is not clear. These studies tested the hypothesis that cannabinoid tolerance and cross‐tolerance depend upon the CB1agonist efficacy of drugs to which tolerance/cross‐tolerance develops.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHSensitivity to cannabinoids, including the cannabinoid antagonist rimonabant, low efficacy agonist Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC), and high efficacy agonists CP 55940 and WIN 55212‐2, was determined before and after chronic Δ9‐THC treatment in rhesus monkeys. Two measures of behavioural effect were assessed: effects of drugs to decrease fixed ratio responding for food presentation and stimulus‐shock termination and discriminative stimulus effects in monkeys discriminating Δ9‐THC (0.1 mg·kg−1, i.v.).KEY RESULTSΔ9‐THC decreased responding for both food presentation and stimulus‐shock termination; these effects were antagonized by the CB1antagonist rimonabant. Chronic Δ9‐THC (1 mg·kg−1per 12 h, s.c.) resulted in tolerance to the rate‐decreasing effects of Δ9‐THC and cross‐tolerance to CP 55940 and WIN 55212‐2; however, cross‐tolerance was less than tolerance. Chronic Δ9‐THC increased sensitivity to rimonabant without changing sensitivity to the non‐cannabinoids midazolam and ketamine. In monkeys discriminating Δ9‐THC (0.1 mg·kg−1, i.v.), both CP 55940 and WIN 55212‐2 produced high levels of drug‐lever responding. Chronic Δ9‐THC (1 mg·kg−1per day, s.c.) decreased sensitivity to Δ9‐THC without producing cross‐tolerance to CP 55940 or WIN 55212‐2.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSIn Δ9‐THC‐treated monkeys, the magnitude of tolerance and cross‐tolerance to other CB1receptor agonists varied inversely with agonist efficacy, suggesting that CB1agonist efficacy is an important determinant of behavioural effects.
Central nicotinic acetylcholine receptor involved in Ca2+‐calmodulin‐endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway modulated hypotensive effects
Authors: Cheng Pei‐Wen , Lu Pei‐Jung , Chen Siang‐Ru , Ho Wen‐Yu , Cheng Wen‐Han , Hong Ling‐Zong , Yeh Tung‐Chen , Sun Gwo‐Ching , Wang Ling‐Lin , Hsiao Michael , Tseng Ching‐Jiunn 
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSERecent evidence has suggested that nicotine decreases blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), indicating that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play an important role in BP control in the NTS. However, the signalling mechanisms involved in nAChR‐mediated depressor effects in the NTS are unclear. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate these signalling mechanisms.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHDepressor responses to nicotine microinjected into the NTS of Wistar‐Kyoto rats were elicited in the absence and presence of an antagonist of α7 nAChR, the calcium chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, a calmodulin‐specific inhibitor, nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitor, endothelial NOS (eNOS)‐selective inhibitor or neuronal NOS (nNOS)‐specific inhibitor.KEY RESULTSMicroinjection of nicotine into the NTS produced a dose‐dependent decrease in BP and HR, and increased nitrate levels. This depressor effect of nicotine was attenuated after pretreatment with a nAChR antagonist or blockers of the calmodulin‐eNOS pathway. In contrast, N5‐(1‐Imino‐3‐butenyl)‐L‐ornithine (vinyl‐L‐NIO), nNOS‐specific inhibitor, did not diminish these nicotine‐mediated effects. Calmodulin was found to bind eNOS after nicotine injection into NTS. However, nicotine did not affect the eNOS phosphorylation level or eNOS upstream extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and Akt phosphorylation levels. Furthermore, pretreatment with an ERK1/2 or Akt inhibitor did not attenuate nicotine‐induced depressor effects in the NTS.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSThese results suggest that the nAChR‐Ca2+‐calmodulin‐eNOS‐NO signalling pathway, but not nNOS, plays a significant role in central BP regulation, and neither the ERK1/2 nor Akt signalling pathway are significantly involved in the activation of eNOS by nAChRs in the NTS.
Latina Mothers' Beliefs and Practices Related to Weight Status, Feeding, and the Development of Child Overweight
Authors: Lindsay Ana C. , Sussner Katarina M. , Greaney Mary L. , Peterson Karen E. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT
Objective: To examine maternal beliefs and practices related to weight status, child feeding, and child overweight in the Latino culture that may contribute to the rising rates of overweight among preschool Latino children in the United States.Design and Sample: This 2‐phase qualitative study relies on data obtained in 6 focus groups with a total of 31 primarily Spanish‐speaking, low‐income mothers, followed by 20 individual, in‐depth interviews with women participating in a health promotion educational program.Measures: Child‐feeding beliefs, practices, and weight status perceptions were elicited.Results: The findings indicated that most respondents reported personal struggles with weight gain, particularly during and after pregnancy, and were concerned that their children would become obese. Although subjects understood the health and social consequences related to overweight, many discussed the pressures of familial and cultural influences endorsing a “chubby child.”Conclusions: Education and interventions that incorporate “culturally mediated” pathways to address mothers' feeding practices are essential for the prevention and control of childhood overweight among low‐income Latinos. Nurses should be aware of the social and cultural influences on Latina mothers' beliefs and practices related to weight status and feeding practices and address these in their education approaches to prevent childhood overweight and obesity with this population group.
Pulsatile Flow Improves Cerebral Blood Flow in Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Wang Wei , Bai Shu‐Ying , Zhang Hai‐Bo , Bai Jie , Zhang Shu‐Jing , Zhu De‐Ming 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pulsatile flow on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in infants with the use of a mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Thirty infants scheduled for open heart surgery were randomized to the pulsatile group (Group P, n = 15) and nonpulsatile group (Group NP, n = 15). In Group P, pulsatile perfusion was applied during the aortic cross‐clamping period, whereas nonpulsatile perfusion was used in Group NP. The systolic peak velocity (Vs), the end of diastolic velocity (Vd), the mean velocity (Vm), and the pulsatility index (PI) and the resistance index (RI) of the middle cerebral artery were measured by a transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound after anesthesia (T1; baseline), at the beginning of CPB (T2), 10 min after aortic cross‐clamping (T3), 3 min after declamping (T4), at the cessation of CPB (T5), and at the end of the operation (T6). During T3 and T4, the Vs in Group P was significantly higher than in Group NP. However, there were no statistically significant differences between Vd and Vm. The PI and RI in Group P were also higher than those in Group NP (both P < 0.05). During T5, Vd and Vm were higher in Group P (P < 0.05), whereas there was no difference in Vs. Additionally, PI and RI in Group P were significantly lower than those in Group NP (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference during T6. Pulsatile perfusion may increase CBF and decrease cerebral vascular resistance in the early period after mild hypothermic CPB.
Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism During Total Body Flow and Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion at Deep and Moderate Hypothermia
Authors: Sasaki Takashi , Boni Lorenzo , Riemer R. Kirk , Yeung John T. , Ramamoorthy Chandra , Beckman Ryan , Gisner Carl , Shuttleworth Paul , Hanley Frank L. , Reddy V. Mohan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of temperature on cerebral oxygen metabolism at total body flow bypass and antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP). Neonatal piglets were put on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with the initial flow rate of 200 mL/kg/min. After cooling to 18°C (n = 6) or 25°C (n = 7), flow was reduced to 100 mL/kg/min (half‐flow, HF) for 15 min and ACP was initiated at 40 mL/kg/min for 45 min. Following rewarming, animals were weaned from bypass and survived for 4 h. At baseline, HF, ACP, and 4 h post‐CPB, cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured using fluorescent microspheres. Cerebral oxygen extraction (CEO2) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were monitored. Regional cranial oxygen saturation (rSO2) was continuously recorded throughout the procedure using near‐infrared spectroscopy. At 18°C, CBF trended lower at HF and ACP and matched baseline after CPB. CEO2 trended lower at HF and ACP, and trended higher after CPB compared with baseline. CMRO2 at ACP matched that at HF. Cranial rSO2 was significantly greater at HF and ACP (P < 0.001, P < 0.001) and matched baseline after CPB. At 25°C, CBF trended lower at HF, rebounded and trended higher at ACP, and matched baseline after CPB. CEO2 was equal at HF and ACP and trended higher after CPB compared with baseline. CMRO2 at ACP was greater than that at HF (P = 0.001). Cranial rSO2 was significantly greater at HF (P = 0.01), equal at ACP, and lower after CPB (P = 0.03). Lactate was significantly higher at all time points (P = 0.036, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001). ACP provided sufficient oxygen to the brain at a total body flow rate of 100 mL/kg/min at deep hypothermia. Although ACP provided minimum oxygenation to the brain which met the oxygen requirement, oxygen metabolism was altered during ACP at moderate hypothermia. ACP strategy at moderate hypothermia needs further investigation.
Blood Transfusion in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Durandy Yves 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe aim of the study is to measure the volume of homologous blood needed for one pediatric patient during his hospital stay. Over a 4‐month period, all the patients operated upon with a blood prime or requiring blood transfusion during their hospital stay were included in this study. The cardiopulmonary bypass protocol associates a miniaturized bypass circuit, vacuum‐assisted venous drainage, and microplegia. The volume of each blood product opened is known and the volume of blood product remaining, following the last transfusion, is measured. Data collected are as follows: patient weight; hemoglobin level before surgery, during bypass, and in intensive care after the last transfusion; time to extubation; and degree of inotropic support. Forty‐six patients weighing 5.1 ± 1.5 kg were included in this study. Cardiopulmonary bypass priming volume was 100 mL for patients up to 3.5 kg, 120 mL for patients between 3.6 and 7.5 kg, and 160 mL for patients between 7.6 and 8.6 kg. The volume of blood transfusion was 271 ± 112 mL, hemoglobin level before surgery was 10.3 ± 1.7 g/dL, hemoglobin level during surgery was 11.0 ± 1.5 g/dL, and hemoglobin level after the last transfusion was 12.3 ± 2.4 g/dL. Time to extubation was 12 ±  3.3 h, and inotropic support was enoximone in 37 patients, whereas 6 patients needed enoximone and epinephrine. No patient needed reexploration for bleeding and one patient received a platelet transfusion. The mean blood transfusion volume was equivalent to 60% of the patient's total blood volume (estimated to be 80 mL/kg).
Examining the Impact of Pre‐Implementation Expectations on Post‐Implementation Use of Enterprise Systems: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Saeed Khawaja A. , Abdinnour Sue , Lengnick‐Hall Mark L. , Lengnick‐Hall Cynthia A. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis article builds upon the technology acceptance model and theories of technology sensemaking to explore pre‐enterprise system adoption expectations and post‐enterprise system adoption outcomes in a longitudinal setting. Building on the exploitation and exploration paradigm, we propose that task productivity and task innovation expectations are the key drivers of users’ pre‐adoption enterprise system usage intention. Further, we argue that the enterprise system facilitates generation of a common knowledge base that may encourage a more integrated organizational culture and promote shared understanding among employees. Considering the distinction between mandatory and voluntary contexts, we propose that user acceptance of the enterprise system at the pre‐ and post‐adoption stages will mediate these relationships in a mandatory context. The results show that the influence of pre‐adoption expectations regarding task productivity and task innovation on intention to use an enterprise system is mediated by user acceptance of the enterprise system. Intention to use an enterprise system is positively related to actual use. At the post‐adoption stage, the influence of actual use on shared understanding is mediated by user acceptance of an enterprise system and enterprise system use has a direct negative impact on task efficiency in the initial period after implementation. Overall, the results highlight that user acceptance at both pre‐ and post‐adoption stages are critical factors when usage is mandatory. These findings suggest a number of important implications for research and for managerial action.
Systems Collaboration and Strategic Collaboration: Their Impacts on Supply Chain Responsiveness and Market Performance*
Authors: Kim Daekwan , Lee Ruby P. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTRecognizing the importance of interfirm collaboration and recent advancement of information technology (IT) to enhance joint decision making between firms, this study conceptualizes systems collaboration and strategic collaboration as two essential types of interfirm collaboration. The study then simultaneously examines the multiple roles of systems collaboration and strategic collaboration, and how they directly and indirectly influence a firm's supply chain responsiveness and market performance. Hypotheses are tested on survey data collected from 184 firms. Results suggest that the sequential relationships among IT competency, interfirm collaboration, and supply chain responsiveness have significant market performance implications.