bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Good sex/bad sex: the individualised focus of US HIV prevention policy in sub‐Saharan Africa, 1995–2005
Authors: Esacove Anne W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe expanding reliance on the health sciences to address social problems is well documented, as are the effects of the social construction of public (health) problems on ‘target’ populations, intervention design and broader social systems. Less attention has been given in the literature to the cultural meanings that configure public health efforts themselves. This study demonstrates how the cultural understandings of sex and sexuality that inform US human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention policy in sub‐Saharan Africa shape policy recommendations. Based on an analysis of 119 US policy documents, a relatively stable and highly gendered narrative of sexual risk was found across the Clinton and (G.W.) Bush administrations. This narrative locates HIV risk in (what is constructed to be) the inevitable clash between women’s sexuality and men’s sexuality, and delineates HIV risk by the form of relationship in which sex occurs. The two narratives diverge at this point, offering different definitions of ‘bad’ sex and ‘good’ sex. This divergence helps to explain the different prevention foci of the administrations – condoms during the Clinton era and abstinence‐outside‐of‐marriage during the Bush administration. In both cases, the sexual risk narrative points to individual targeted prevention strategies, even as the policy identifies structural factors as driving global HIV epidemics.
Illusory line motion and transformational apparent motion during continuous flash suppression1
Authors: YAMADA YUKI , KAWABE TAKAHIRO 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA static bar is perceived to dynamically extend from a peripheral cue (illusory line motion (ILM)) or from a part of another figure presented in the previous frame (transformational apparent motion (TAM)). We examined whether visibility for the cue stimuli affected these transformational motions. Continuous flash suppression, one kind of dynamic interocular masking, was used to reduce the visibility for the cue stimuli. Both ILM and TAM significantly occurred when the d' for cue stimuli was zero (Experiment 1) and when the cue stimuli were presented at subthreshold levels (Experiment 2). We discuss that higher‐order motion processing underlying TAM and ILM can be weakly but significantly activated by invisible visual information.
Several components of SKP1/Cullin/F‐box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and associated factors play a role in Agrobacterium‐mediated plant transformation
Authors: Anand Ajith , Rojas Clemencia M. , Tang Yuhong , Mysore Kirankumar S. 
Published: April 2012

Summary
Successful genetic transformation of plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens requires the import of bacterial T‐DNA and virulence proteins into the plant cell that eventually form a complex (T‐complex). The essential components of the T‐complex include the single stranded T‐DNA, bacterial virulence proteins (VirD2, VirE2, VirE3 and VirF) and associated host proteins that facilitate the transfer and integration of T‐DNA. The removal of the proteins from the T‐complex is likely achieved by targeted proteolysis mediated by VirF and the plant ubiquitin proteasome complex.
We evaluated the involvement of the host SKP1/culin/F‐box (SCF)‐E3 ligase complex and its role in plant transformation. Gene silencing, mutant screening and gene expression studies suggested that the Arabidopsis homologs of yeast SKP1 (suppressor of kinetochore protein 1) protein, ASK1 and ASK2, are required for Agrobacterium‐mediated plant transformation.
We identified the role for SGT1b (suppressor of the G2 allele of SKP1), an accessory protein that associates with SCF‐complex, in plant transformation. We also report the differential expression of many genes that encode F‐box motif containing SKP1‐interacting proteins (SKIP) upon Agrobacterium infection.
We speculate that these SKIP genes could encode the plant specific F‐box proteins that target the T‐complex associated proteins for polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome.
Telomere length in circulating serum DNA as a novel non‐invasive biomarker for cirrhosis: a nested case–control analysis
Authors: Wan Shaogui , Hann Hie‐Won , Myers Ronald E. , Fu Xiaoying , Hann Richard S. , Kim Su H. , Tang Heng , Xing Jinliang , Yang Hushan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground & AimsPrevious studies have indicated that telomere length is associated with altered risk of various tumours including hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the association between telomere length and the risk of cirrhosis has not been reported.MethodsIn this nested case–control study, we used real‐time quantitative PCR to determine the relative telomere length (RTL) in serum DNA samples from 100 HBV‐related cirrhosis cases and 100 frequency‐matched HBV controls, and evaluated the associations between RTL and cirrhosis risk by logistic regression analyses.ResultsWe found that cirrhotic cases had a significantly longer RTL (median, 0.36; range, 0.08–1.87) than non‐cirrhotic controls (median, 0.20; range, 0.05–1.11) (P < 0.0001). Compared with subjects with short RTL, those with long RTL had a significantly increased cirrhosis risk [odds ratio, 2.76, 95% confidence interval, 1.50–5.10; P = 0.001]. Quartile analysis further indicated a dose–response effect for this association. Compared with patients with the lowest quartile of RTL, the cirrhosis risk for those with the second, third and highest quartile of RTL was 2.68 (0.91–7.87, P = 0.073), 3.37 (1.32–10.54, P = 0.013) and 6.64 (2.41–18.32, P < 0.0001) respectively (Ptrend<0.0001). Moreover, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased from 0.60 (epidemiological variables) to 0.72 (epidemiological variables plus RTL), with statistically significant difference assessed by bootstrap analysis.ConclusionsOur study presents the first epidemiological evidence that RTL in serum DNA could potentially be used as a simple, inexpensive and non‐invasive marker of cirrhosis risk, a finding that warrants further investigations in independent retrospective and prospective populations.
Simultaneous Occurrence of Papulonecrotic Tuberculid and Erythema Induratum in a Patient with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Kim Gun‐Wook , Park Hyun‐Je , Kim Hoon‐Soo , Chin Hyun‐Woo , Kim Su‐Han , Ko Hyun‐Chang , Kim Moon‐Bum , Kim Byung‐Soo 
Published: April 2012

Abstract:  Although papulonecrotic tuberculid is an uncommon cutaneous manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, the simultaneous occurrence of papulonecrotic tuberculid and erythema induratum is even rarer. Papulonecrotic tuberculid occurs predominantly in young adults and is characterized by eruptions of necrotizing papules that heal with varioliform scars. Histopathologic findings include wedge‐shaped necrosis of the dermis, poorly formed granulomatous infiltration, and vasculitis. Stainings and culture for acid‐fast bacilli from skin biopsies are usually negative for M. tuberculosis, although the eruptions resolve with antitubercular therapy. Few patients with papulonecrotic tuberculid, especially with concurrent occurrence of erythema induratum, have been reported in the English literature. Here we report a case of a 12‐year‐old girl with simultaneous occurrence of papulonecrotic tuberculid and erythema induratum accompanying pulmonary TB.
Ethanol Self‐Administration in Free‐Flying Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in an Operant Conditioning Protocol
Authors: Sokolowski Michel B. C. , Abramson Charles I. , Craig David Philip Arthur 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundThis study examines the effect of ethanol (EtOH) on continuous reinforcement schedules in the free‐flying honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). As fermented nectars may be encountered naturally in the environment, we designed an experiment combining the tools of laboratory research with minimal disturbance to the natural life of honeybees.MethodsTwenty‐five honeybees were trained to fly from their colonies to a fully automated operant chamber with head poking as the operant response. Load size, intervisit interval, and interresponse times (IRTs) served as the dependent variables and were monitored over the course of a daily training session consisting of many visits. Experimental bees were tested using an ABA design in which sucrose only was administered during condition A and a 5% EtOH sucrose solution was administered during condition B. Control bees received sucrose solution only.ResultsMost bees continued to forage after EtOH introduction. EtOH significantly reduced the load size and the intervisit interval with no significant effect on IRTs. However, a look on individual data shows large individual differences suggesting the existence of different kinds of behavioral phenotypes linked to EtOH consumption and effects.ConclusionsOur results contribute to the study of EtOH consumption as a normal phenomenon in an ecological context and open the door to schedule‐controlled drug self‐administration studies in honeybees.
Prevalence and Correlates of Insomnia in a Polish Sample of Alcohol‐Dependent Patients
Authors: Zhabenko Nataliya , Wojnar Marcin , Brower Kirk J. 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundInsomnia is an important symptom in alcohol‐dependent patients because it may persist despite abstinence and predispose to relapse to drinking. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical correlates of insomnia in a sample of 302 alcohol‐dependent patients admitted to treatment programs in Poland.MethodsParticipants were mostly men (73.8%) with a mean (SD) age of 43.5 (9.7) years. Insomnia in the past 1 month was assessed using a total score of 6 or higher on the Athens Insomnia Scale.ResultsInsomnia affected 62.9% of patients, and delayed sleep induction was the most common subtype. Insomnia was associated in bivariate analyses with less education, inadequate finances, problem drinking at an earlier age of onset, drinking frequency and quantity, drinking‐related consequences, severity of alcohol and nicotine dependence, psychiatric and physical severity, and a childhood history of sexual or physical abuse (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that mental and physical health status, severity of alcohol dependence, number of drinking days in the past 3 months, and childhood abuse were independent predictors of insomnia, explaining approximately 30 to 40% of the variance.ConclusionsMore than 60% of alcohol‐dependent patients in a Polish sample screened positive for insomnia using a validated scale, a rate similar to those assessed with other scales in other countries. The study also showed that insomnia in alcohol‐dependent patients is associated with poor physical health and childhood abuse, similar to the general population. The multifactorial nature of insomnia in alcohol‐dependent patients has treatment implications.
Paper and Paperboard Demand and Associated Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Asia Through 2050
Authors: Kayo Chihiro , Hashimoto Seiji , Moriguchi Yuichi 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThis study estimated paper and paperboard demand, pulpwood demand, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from production of paper and paperboard through 2050 in ten Asian countries. Under scenarios of varying population, gross domestic product (GDP), and per capita paper and paperboard demand, we analyzed the relationship between economic growth and consumption of paper and paperboard. We also evaluated options to reduce CO2 emissions through increased use of black liquor, waste paper pulping, and wood chemical pulping, as well as improvements in pulp, paper, and paperboard production technology. The quadratic curve model (inverted U) for per capita consumption of paper and paperboard against per capita GDP resulted in significant regression coefficients and higher adjusted R2 values than linear and logarithmic curve models for all uses of paper and paperboard. The estimated paper and paperboard demand in the ten countries in 2050 ranged from 112% (328%) to 156% (454%) of total 2005 consumption for the world (for the ten Asian countries). Of this estimated paper and paperboard demand, China accounted for about 50% and India 20%. The estimated pulpwood demand in these ten countries in 2050 ranged from 13% (48%) to 21% (84%) of global (ten country) 2005 wood supply potential. The introduction or increase of the use of black liquor, waste paper pulping, the combination of wood chemical pulping and black liquor, and technological improvements produced CO2 reductions of 24%, 5%, 32%, and 25%, respectively, compared to 2050 emission levels in the no‐measure (unadjusted) option, assuming sustainable forest management.
Frequent Additional Tachyarrhythmias in Patients with Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia Undergoing Sinus Node Modification: An Important Cause of Symptom Recurrence
Authors: FRANKEL DAVID S , LIN DAVID , ANASTASIO NICHOLAS , MOUNTANTONAKIS STAVROS E , DIXIT SANJAY , GERSTENFELD EDWARD P , HUTCHINSON MATHEW D , RILEY MICHAEL P , MARCHLINSKI FRANCIS E , CALLANS DAVID J 
Published: April 2012

Additional Tachyarrhythmias in IST. Background: Symptom recurrence following sinus node modification (SNM) for inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) remains significant despite achieving acute procedural success. The impact of non‐IST tachyarrhythmias on symptom recurrence remains poorly characterized.
Objectives:
The objective was to determine the prevalence and nature of additional tachyarrhythmias preceding and following SNM for IST.
Methods:
Consecutive patients with IST undergoing SNM at the University of Pennsylvania were studied. SNM was initially performed using an anatomic approach targeting the superolateral crista terminalis under intracardiac echocardiographic guidance and later using an electrophysiologic approach, targeting the site of the earliest right atrial activation during maximum heart rate (HR) with isoproterenol infusion. An effort was made to shift the site more caudally until a decrease of >25% in resting HR was achieved, with a blunted response to isoproterenol and flattening of the P‐wave axis in leads III and aVF. Patients were followed for arrhythmia recurrence. Tachyarrhythmias were documented with electrocardiographic monitoring and then characterized during EP study.
Results:
Thirty‐three patients underwent SNM and were followed for a mean of 2.0 ± 1.5 years. During follow‐up, 27% developed a non‐IST tachyarrhythmia and 18% developed recurrent IST. Additionally, 42% of patients had a non‐IST tachyarrhythmia prior to SNM.
Conclusions:
Non‐IST tachyarrhythmias are common in patients with IST before and after SNM. A major reason for symptom recurrence following SNM is development of a non‐IST tachyarrhythmia. These tachyarrhythmias should be detected and treated to optimize patient outcomes. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 835‐839, August 2012)
Dietary sphingolipids improve skin barrier functions via the upregulation of ceramide synthases in the epidermis
Authors: Duan Jingjing , Sugawara Tatsuya , Hirose Mayumi , Aida Kazuhiko , Sakai Shota , Fujii Aoi , Hirata Takashi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSphingolipids are ubiquitous in eukaryotic organisms and are significant components in foods. It has been reported that treatment with sphingolipids prevents colon cancer, improves skin barrier function and suppresses inflammatory responses. However, the mechanisms for those effects of dietary sphingolipids are not well understood. In this study, to investigate the effects of dietary glucosylceramide (GluCer) and sphingomyelin (SM) on skin function, we characterized the recovery of skin barrier function and the change in sphingolipid metabolism‐related enzymes in the epidermis using a special Mg‐deficient diet–induced atopic dermatitis‐like skin and tape‐stripping damaged skin murine models. Our results show that dietary GluCer and SM accelerate the recoveries of damaged skin barrier functions. Correspondingly, dietary sphingolipids significantly upregulated the expression of ceramide synthases 3 and 4 in the epidermis of the atopic dermatitis‐like skin model (P < 0.05). In the case of cultured cells, the expression of ceramide synthases 2‐4 in normal human foreskin keratinocytes was significantly upregulated by treatment with 0.001–0.1 μm sphingoid bases (sphinganine, sphingosine and trans‐4,cis‐8‐sphingadienine) (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the effects of dietary sphingolipids might be due to the activation of ceramide synthesis in the skin, rather than the direct reutilization of dietary sphingolipids. Our findings provide a novel insight into the mechanisms of the skin barrier improving effect and a more comprehensive understanding of dietary sphingolipids.
Expression of CA‐IX is associated with advanced stage tumors and poor survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Pérez‐Sayáns Mario , Suárez‐Peñaranda José Manuel , Pilar Gayoso‐Diz , Supuran Claudiu T. , Pastorekova Silvia , Barros‐Angueira Francisco , Gándara‐Rey José Manuel , García‐García Abel 
Published: April 2012

J Oral Pathol Med (2012)Introduction:  Carbonic anhydrases (CAs), a group of ubiquitously expressed metalloenzymes, are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including tumorigenicity. Specifically, CA‐IX has been primarily found in hypoxic tumor tissues.Material and methods:  This is a retrospective study of tumors from the Tissue Bank of the Pathology Department of the University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. We selected 50 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) using Tissue Microarray (TMA) technology. The immunohistochemical study was performed to determine CA‐IX expression. The resulting data were subject to statistical analysis and survival curves.Results:  Of the 50 cases, 23 were detected in early stages (I and II) and 27 in advanced stages (III and IV). In the first year, almost 50% of patients in stages III–IV died, which contrasted with those patients in initial stages who registered a survival rate of 80% (P = 0.019). Regarding the expression of CA‐IX, nine cases (18%) were negative, 18 cases (36%) were moderate, while 23 cases (46%) were intense. Tumors in stages I‐II showed a positivity of 52.6%; however, in advanced stages, the percentage reached 95.5% (P = 0.002). Regarding CA‐IX expression and survival, patients with tumors with strong staining had a lower average survival time (13.8 months) than patients with negative or weak‐moderate staining (33.4 and 32.8 months, respectively), log‐rank = 6.1, P value = 0.0484.Conclusions:  Early diagnosis of these tumors is essential to improve patient survival. CA‐IX expression augments with increasing tumor stage, probably related with the degree of hypoxia; thus, its measurement can be used as a prognostic factor.
Elevated levels of salivary lactoferrin, a marker for chronic periodontitis?
Authors: Glimvall P. , Wickström C. , Jansson H. 
Published: April 2012

Glimvall P, Wickström C, Jansson H. Elevated levels of salivary lactoferrin, a marker for chronic periodontitis? J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 655–660. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  Whole saliva is a complex mixture of fluids essential for the well‐being of the oral hard and soft tissues. Saliva contains numerous antimicrobial proteins that help protect the oral ecosystem from infectious agents. Chronic periodontitis is an infectious chronic inflammatory condition that affects the tooth‐supporting structures and leads to their destruction. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in concentrations of salivary lactoferrin in subjects with and without periodontal disease and correlate these values with clinical variables associated with periodontal disease.Material and Methods:  Stimulated whole saliva was collected from 17 subjects with chronic periodontitis and 17 periodontally healthy control subjects. Data relating to bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and horizontal bone loss were registered. Concentrations of lactoferrin, lysozyme and IgA in stimulated whole saliva were quantified using ELISA.Results:  Subjects with chronic periodontits showed higher concentrations of lactoferrin in stimulated whole saliva compared with periodontally healthy control subjects (p < 0.05). Salivary concentrations of lactoferrin were positively correlated with bleeding on probing (p < 0.001) and the number of sites with probing pocket depth ≥ 6 mm (p < 0.001).Conclusion:  Lactoferrin is raised in stimulated whole saliva in subjects with chronic periodontitis and is correlated with probing pocket depth ≥ 6 mm.
Salivary cortisol, 17β‐estradiol, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and α‐amylase in patients with burning mouth syndrome
Authors: Kim H‐Il , Kim Y‐Y , Chang J‐Y , Ko J‐Y , Kho H‐S 
Published: April 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 613–620Objective:  The aim of this study was to investigate salivary markers related with burning mouth syndrome (BMS).Materials and Methods:  Thirty female patients with BMS and twenty female control subjects were included. Unstimulated (UWS) and stimulated whole saliva samples (SWS) were collected, and their flow rates were determined. Salivary levels of cortisol, 17β‐estradiol, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and enzymatic activity of α‐amylase were determined. Salivary transferrin level was measured to determine the level of blood contamination in saliva samples.Results:  The levels of all analytes in UWS were significantly correlated with those of SWS. The levels of 17β‐estradiol, progesterone, and DHEA in UWS were significantly correlated with age. Age‐matched comparisons revealed that the patient group had significantly higher levels of cortisol in UWS and of 17β‐estradiol in SWS. When the patients were divided into older (≥60 years) and younger (<60 years) groups, the older group showed a significantly lower level of progesterone in UWS. There were no significant relationships between treatment efficacy and levels of salivary analytes.Conclusions:  In conclusion, patients with BMS showed significantly higher levels of cortisol in UWS and of 17β‐estradiol in SWS compared with controls.
The RING‐type ubiquitin ligases Pex2p, Pex10p and Pex12p form a heteromeric complex that displays enhanced activity in an ubiquitin conjugating enzyme‐selective manner
Authors: El Magraoui Fouzi , Bäumer Bastian E. , Platta Harald W. , Baumann Jörg S. , Girzalsky Wolfgang , Erdmann Ralf 
Published: April 2012

The RING finger peroxins Pex2p, Pex10p and Pex12p are central components of the peroxisomal matrix protein import machinery. The RING  domain enables each of these proteins to exhibit ubiquitin‐protein ligase activity, which has been linked to ubiquitin‐dependent regulation of the peroxisomal import receptor Pex5p. The RING peroxins are considered to form a heteromeric complex in vivo, although the elucidation of the structural assembly, as well as the functional interplay of the RING domains, has remained elusive. Using in vitro approaches, we show that the RING  domains form a heteromeric complex with Pex10p(RING) as a central component that directly binds the Pex2p(RING) and Pex12p(RING). The RING domains proved to function as heteromeric pairs that display an Pex10p‐dependent enhanced ligase activity in an ubiquitin conjugating enzyme‐selective manner.Structured digital abstract
Pex10p binds to Pex2p by pull down (Viewinteraction)
Pex12p physically interacts with Pex10p and Pex2p by pull down (View Interaction: 1, 2)
Pex10p binds to Pex12p by pull down (View Interaction: 1, 2)