bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-Collision Risk Management for Real-World Well Placement
Authors: Poedjono Benny , Van Chinh Phan , Lombardo Guy J. , Phillips W. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Current trends in drilling require a proven and comprehensive approach to assessing and managing the risks of wellbore collisions. This paper outlines the scope and nature of the challenges in collision risk management, and provides an overview of a systematic, field-tested approach to identifying, evaluating, eliminating and/or mitigating those risks. Key aspects of the process are explained in detail and a recent field application on a large platform offshore Indonesia is discussed to illustrate the key values of the risk management process. These include maximizing resource recovery by permitting the safe, precise placement of wellbores, and minimizing the financial and human cost of losses from incidents avoided or mitigated.
A Proactive Approach to Environmental Responsibility in Product Development
Authors: Welton Thomas D. , Cassidy Juanita 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Environmental regulations vary from region to region and from country to country. The North Sea regulations are some of the most stringent in ensuring that environmentally acceptable chemicals are used in the oil and gas industry. Although it is not imperative that North Sea regulations be adhered to in other regions, being mindful of these regulations early in the product development cycle is both a corporate responsibility and good business practice. Many exploration and production companies are adopting initiatives which drive environmental consciousness. It is critical that the service sector respond.
This paper describes the methods that have been used to proactively develop the most environmentally acceptable acid-stimulation chemicals while balancing local regulations and business drivers. The products being highlighted are acidizing chemicals, which are a particular challenge since it is difficult to develop chemicals that function in highly corrosive environments yet have acceptable biodegradation characteristics or toxicity levels.
In 2005, a study evaluated the feasibility of removing objectionable chemical components from the service company's acid stimulation product line. Based on the result of the study, a systematic program to prioritize product replacement based upon the greatest environmental impact has been established. In 2008, a follow-up study was conducted to evaluate progress and to expand the scope of objectionable chemical components considered to include the Gulf of Mexico and operator-driven criteria. This systematic program has evolved into a process to evaluate the environmental acceptability of all components of new products during the development cycle.
Several product-development case studies will be described. One study focuses on product development for the North Sea, a second for the Gulf of Mexico, and a third for Asia. These products were deployed globally as a result of their exceptional performance, much-improved environmental characteristics, and cost-effectiveness.
The Use of Voice-Recognition for Electronic Medical Records – A Personal Experience
Authors: Kuo Wei-Hua 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The advent of PC-based voice-recognition software for medical dictation began over 10 years ago. In those early days, due to the limitations of computer speed and memory, the learning curve was steep and adaptation was limited. The "training period" was measured in weeks and there were professional one-on-one trainers to teach the use of voice recognition for dictation purposes. Despite such great efforts, the error rates were high and a great deal of time was needed to correct errors by voice commands or keyboard entry. The voice-recognition medical records dictation system fell short of expectation, until recently.
Nowadays, commercial voice-recognition software has made tremendous strides, taking advantage of the increased processing speed of parallel computing and vast memory size – Moore's Law at work. It is now feasible to setup a low cost medical dictation system, and get it to work in days. The learning curve is much abbreviated and with improved accuracy. Nevertheless, dictating into a voice recognition system requires the user to speak into the microphone clearly and distinctly, at a pre-determined pace. Although such speech cadence appears artificial, it is not difficult to get accustomed to and is not an impediment to its use.
The voice-recognition software is also capable of acting as a voice-activated system to control computer functions, such as selecting desktop icons, opening and closing menus, and switching between open windows. Moreover, the system has a self-learning capability: When a user corrects an error with either keyboard strokes or voice commands, the software recognizes the error and will improve its accuracy next time.
Repetitive Stress Injury Prevention RSIP Program Implementation in IBU
Authors: Ardiansyah Reza , Wahyuni Army 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
A comprehensive Repetitive Stress Injury Prevention (RSIP) system is needed to control and mitigate the development of RSI risk in Chevron IndoAsia Business Unit (IBU) employees.
The scope of RSIP system includes: A recognized method to assess the RSI risk to computer or workstation users.Awareness of RSI risks to all employees.Employee workstation assessment, performed by qualified evaluators, to evaluate risk, and provide a method to mitigate any identified risks.A behavioral approach to encourage proper work habits and behaviors including the encouragement of early reporting of discomfort.Timely response and follow through to resolution for employees with discomfort, in conjunction with medical assessment.A process to ensure that ergonomic furnishings, accessories, and software are acquired to meet Company minimum standards.
As an embryo program, IBU ergonomic proactive approach has expanded to emerge as RSIP system. This system is an IBU standard accepted by management as a way to prevent RSIs. As the result of full implementation of RSIP system High participation of ergonomic self assessment through Online Ergonomic Self Assessment (OES) WorkWell by employees and contractors with access to company computers.Adequate number of QWE (Qualified Workstation Evaluator)Ergonomic aids such as keyboard trays and adjustable chairs are available to all employees who work mostly at office.Behavior Based Safety observation shows the overall ergonomics at risk behaviors tend to reduce while safe behaviors tend to increase.Mandatory computer ergonomic break software installed at all computers
To maintain sustainability of RSIP system implementation, there are several area of improvement identified among others, Increase the number of employees who complete the self assessmentMonitoring the compliance of computer generated ergonomic breaks to increase the acceptance of breaks standard.Develop RSIP Online system to encourage people for early reporting and rapid response to ergonomic pain or discomfort.
Integrating Process Safety Aspects in a HSE Management System
Authors: Mapus Richard Anak , Sintian Clista Binti , Yusof M Radzuan Bin , Maulana Abdul Ghafar Bin 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

DESCRIPTION
This paper describes the challenges faced by PETRONAS Carigali in implementing Process Safety Management (PSM) as part of the effort to enhance Health, Safety and Environment Management System (HSE MS) with process safety aspects in PETRONAS Carigali. This is a five year journey starting in 2006. Process safety management in PETRONAS Carigali is embedded within the Health Safety & Environment Management system (HSEMS). The HSEMS was introduced in PETRONAS Carigali in 1995 with the intent to standardize HSE management practices. Various practices from safety, health and environment were aligned, consolidated and initiated to form this structured system. Over time, staff and contractors' HSE awareness and practices improved. The occupational safety records indicate positive trends. However, process upsets and asset failures did not indicate similar trends. It was discovered that the assets and process safety aspects have not been adequately described and provided for in the system.

APPLICATIONS
Eight process safety aspects namely Management of Change (MOC), Process Hazard Analysis (PHA), Process Safety Information (PSI), Pre Activity Safety Review (PASR), Mechanical Integrity (MI), Design Integrity (DI), Proprietary Licensed Technology Assessment (PLTA) and Operating Procedures (OP) were included in HSEMS enhancement. Concerted efforts were taken to review the HSE practices in engineering and operations to identify specific process safety gaps.
The uniqueness of this project is that it utilizes internal resources. The intentions were to build ownership, in house competencies and generate closer communication and sharing among the various operating units. The methodologies and lessons learnt could be used for similar purposes by others.
Compressed Natural Gas for Indonesia
Authors: Wang X. , Economides A. M. , Marongiu-Porcu M. , Economides M. J. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
While Indonesia has traditionally been a major exporter of liquid natural gas (LNG) to Japan, Korea, Taiwan and China, compressed natural gas (CNG) should be seriously considered, especially for the transportation of fuel within the Indonesian archipelago itself.
CNG is an alternative that has been proposed in recent years but has yet to be implemented on a large scale because the emphasis for investments has primarily been on LNG and because CNG applications have not been well delineated. Some people still believe that LNG and CNG are competitors. They are not.
The key is to find the areas, both geographic and volumetric, of least-overlapping applications. It has often been stated that CNG is more attractive for shorter distances and smaller offshore markets which are not connected to pipelines or large LNG accepting facilities. For short distances, less than1000 km, LNG cannot compete with CNG for any volume of gas. Even at longer distances (e.g., 2,000 km), until the recent collapse of gas prices, CNG is still more attractive at volumes of up to 10 Bcm/yr (or 350 Bcf/yr), assuming that offshore pipelines are not economically or physically feasible. For smaller volumes, such as 1 to 2 Bcm/yr, and long distances, CNG is the only solution to bring natural gas to many markets. We have also found that higher prices of natural gas, either at the source (cost) or at the destination (sale price), increase the volume of gas at which CNG is more attractive than LNG.
Indonesia is an obvious place for such applications and we present cases for the transportation of natural gas as CNG from Borneo and Sumatra to Java and Bali. We quantify the volumes of gas that delineate CNG's superiority and show the impact of gas prices on the indicated gas volumes to be transported.
Characterization of Biodiversity: A Multi-Technique Approach to Study Fish Diversity Associated with Off-shore Platforms
Authors: Andaloro F. , Consoli P. , Romeo T. , Mostarda E. , Azzurro E. , Ferraro M. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
In the last decades the ecological role of off-shore platforms as a suitable habitat for fish species has been acknowledged in the context of marine conservation and investigated by an increasing number of studies. Fish communities associated with these artificial structures have been analyzed by different approaches such as hydroacoustic surveys, experimental fishing and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) in many areas of the world. These techniques were generally used separately providing both qualitative and quantitative data at a different level of accuracy.
In the present project, fish diversity associated with Mediterranean gas platforms was studied for the first time by integrating four different methods. More in detail, fishing surveys, video recordings from remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), remote sensing and underwater visual census (UVC) by means of SCUBA divers were employed.
This multi-technique approach allowed for the collection of complementary data and a complete characterization of the fish community. Fish diversity resulted higher than would have been by using each method separately. The use of innovative techniques (ROV, UVC and Remote Sensing) permitted to explore the inner part of the platforms which is typically difficult to study. More in detail, UVC was the most efficient technique to census fish species strictly associated with the pillars. This technique allowed for the censusing of crypto-benthic fish species which represented an important and generally unnoticed component of the biodiversity associated with these structures. These species, which use these artificial structures as a trophic and reproductive substrate, accounted for the 22% of the total species richness. The contemporary application of different techniques to study the platforms fish community allowed also for an evaluation of limits and potentialities of each method also in relation to their costs and scientific outputs. This information can be easily used to formulate investigation protocols also replicable in other areas.
Promising Results from First Deployments of Rotary Steerable Technology in Vietnam Basement Granite
Authors: Mohamed Nooraini Bt. , Tan Johnnie H.P. , Hasmatali Daryl , Ming Lim Kien , Heisig Gerald 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The oil-bearing fractured granite basement reservoirs in Vietnam are developed mostly with 8 ½" directional reservoir sections drilled with conventional steerable motors and insert roller cone bits. Although successful, the high weight on bit (WOB) required to achieve acceptable rates of penetration (ROP) results in reduction of bit and motor life with runs rarely exceeding 40 drilling hours. Additional steerable motor drilling challenges in the granite include high abrasive BHA wear, destructive drilling dynamics and directional control problems in the reservoir.
As a first for Vietnam basement granite drilling, in September 2008 an 8 ½" reservoir section was drilled utilizing rotary steerable technology. A distance of 1650 m was drilled in 3 runs while building inclination from 18° to 78°. The first two runs featured a motor-powered rotary steerable system (RSS), while the last run was drilled with a standard RSS. All three bottom hole assemblies included a drilling dynamics tool and resistivity imaging tool transmitting information that allowed real time drilling optimization decisions. Comparison of RSS to steerable motor runs shows that although little improvement in ROP was achieved, the distance drilled per bit run was increased by 30 – 40 %, resulting in fewer trips for the section. In addition, more effective directional control from the RSS delivered optimized well placement resulting in additional performance improvements. Overall the use of RSS technology delivered the highest average footage drilled per day in this field.
Modelling Phase Equilibria of Complicated Systems Containing Petroleum Reservoir Fluids
Authors: Haghighi Hooman , Chapoy Antonin , Tohidi Bahman 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Formation of gas hydrates can lead to serious operational, economic and safety problems in the petroleum industry due to potential blockage of oil and gas transmission lines and processing facilities. Thermodynamic inhibitors are widely used to reduce the risks associated with gas hydrate formation. In practice, the aqueous phase in which inhibitors are added already contains electrolytes from either drilling/completion fluids or from formation water. In such mixed inhibitor systems, both co-solvents and strong electrolytes are present in the aqueous phase, making the thermodynamics of these highly non-ideal systems difficult to model.
Hydrate/aqueous and hydrocarbon PVTX thermodynamic modelling at Heriot-Watt University (HWHYD) dates back over 25 years. In the latest version of the HWHYD model (2.1), a new approach has been introduced and applied for modelling phase equilibria in systems containing components which can form hydrogen bonds (e.g. water, methanol, ethanol, mono-ethylene glycol, and etc) and hydrocarbon mixtures using a robust general-purpose implementation of the CPA (Cubic Plus Association) model. This work is evaluating the capability of this model for conventional and challenging hydrates calculations, including; (1) gas hydrate in low water content gases, (2) hydrate stability zone in the presence of high concentration of inhibitor(s) or salt(s) and/or high pressure conditions, (3) hydrate stability zone of oil/condensate in the presence of produced water and inhibitors, and (4) prediction of hydrate inhibitor distribution in multiphase systems. The results show that the Heriot-Watt Hydrate (HWHYD 2.1) software predictions are consistently in a good agreement with experimental data.
Production Data Management and Reporting System to Optimize Production Analysis
Authors: Karmawijaya Muchamad Iman , Rahardja Budi 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
PDMAR (Production Data Management and Reporting) is software to manage oil and gas operation and production data. It supports integration of automation system and business network that providing fast and accurate production information. It includes production database, data acquisition from automation level, data entry modules, oil and gas allocation modules, formula builder, expert system, data validation, security, asset management modules, link to other applications, and integrated reporting and data browser. It provides customizable configuration modules that enable user to create and modify table that appropriate with their field condition.
PDMAR uses commercial RDBMS to store data. It uses latest Microsoft .NET Framework technology and web services to keep pace on speed, efficient, and effective data storage and transfer. They would browse daily report that contains daily production, operation, latest well test, HSE status, oil and gas allocation, chemical storage, transportation, utilities, etc through web interface easily. Data interfacing are performed automatically from major commercial historian database as well as oil and gas production software.
PDMAR has been installed in many onshore and offshore facilities. With optimized data transfer, operator will transfer data in less time. Data link between control layer and management level automates field operator's job thus give more reliable and precise data capture. For remote and distributed well field, mobile system that incorporated with handheld device help operator to record important data to main database using automatic synchronization.
Engineer and management use less time to analyze production and operation data than before. They receive daily production report in precise time every morning through email and website. They now focuses on analyze data than collecting data before. There is only one validated data version that is used for daily report.
Realities of Spill Response: Waste Remediation Strategies
Authors: Massoura S. T. , Sommerville M. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Marine oil pollution receives much attention all over the world due to the perception of the magnitude, longevity and extent of damage it inflicts on the environment. In reality the impacts on the marine environment and coastline when the incident is well managed are often short-lived. The waste generated, however, may present a longer-term problem if not correctly managed and treated. The aim of the paper is to examine some of the remediation techniques now being used for treatment of oily wastes and the criteria for determining and selecting the most appropriate techniques. In doing so the paper examines various techniques and oil spill incidents in which they were used to illustrate the issues.
The management of waste streams is dependant on the type of pollutant, the composition of the impacted area, cleanup methods employed, nature of removed material and finally the volume of waste generated. The remediation techniques available can be broadly grouped into physicochemical, biological and thermal techniques. While all have limitations such as increasing the area of contaminated material, potential groundwater contamination, air emissions or need for long-term management, these are more acceptable than the historic landfill disposal strategies. It has been determined that these techniques have potential separately, or in combination, to increase the rate of degradation of contaminants. The residual contamination concentrations which will be acceptable are not universally agreed but defined by an assessment of the health, ecological risks of the contaminants. Remedial technologies must be chosen based on their ability to achieve those goals in a cost-effective and timely manner.
Finally the paper looks to the future of each technique based on parameters such as effectiveness, reasonableness, cost, practicability, durability, technological and scientific advances, and discusses future implementation in accordance with good practice and quality assurance procedures.
Safety Studies: Advanced Modeling Tools Offer Ways to Mitigate Costs
Authors: Bertrane M. , Ledoux H. , Mendes M. F. , Neumann N. A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The increase of oil production in most oil companies is based on offshore facilities. These installations are characterized by high density of equipment and piping and, in most situations, elevated production capacity. Direct impacts of such characteristics are: risk increase associated with hydrocarbon releases, reduced time for evacuation and the requirement of specific safety systems, assuring safe evacuation of the personnel.
This paper presents and discusses the methodology used for simulating gas releases and dispersion inside offshore facilities, as well as fire accidents. Based on practical examples, it will be analyzed how those computational analyses can be used to optimize the overall safety level, reducing the consequences of fires and explosion, and preventing other types of problems -such as high temperature over the Helideck or high concentration of smoke, avoiding the use of the fire-fighting system. Significant results obtained in the last 20 years of analysis are discussed for Semi-submersible and Fixed Platforms, FSO and FPSO, with plants capable of processing from 15,000 to 200,000 barrels per day.