bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bifidobacterium suis n. sp.: A new species of the genus Bifidobacterium isolated from pig faces
Authors: Matteuzzi D. , Crociani F. , Zani O. , Trovatelli L. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA lot of strains of bifidobacteria isolated from pig feces were tested for morphological, physiological, biochemical, and enzymological characters. Nutrition, DNA base composition and DNA homology were also examined. The phenotypic characters of the bacterial group isolated from pig feces and its genetic homology warranted the proposal of the creation of the new species Bifidobacterium suis.
Atmungsgrößen von Escherichia coli B/r and Bs1 und der Einfluß hoher UV‐Dosen
Authors: Kössler F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo very different radiation sensitive strains of Escherichia coli (B/r and Bs1) showed only small differences of their rest metabolism. A significant distinction is to be seen some hours after separation of the bacteria from the nutrient substrate. There is a slow decrease of respiration intensity of the B/r strain. The nucleoside adenosine which in buffer solution with glucose influenced only the B/r cells increased the respiration rate of this strain on the same level as the Bs1 cells.Without glucose (endogenous respiration), the oxygen consumption of both strains is very small, but can be increased on the level of exogenous respiration by application of adenosine (5 × 10−3 M). The small endogenous respiration is not decreased by high UV‐doses; the glucose respiration after 80000 erg. mm−2 falls to about 50% of the control. Adenosine can diminish this decline.These and other experiments showed an increase in the resistance to UV irradiation in the folllowing sequence: growth respiration in complete medium, glucose respiration in phosphate buffer, and endogenous respiration; the activity of metabolism falls in the same sequence. The different radiosensitivity of both bacterial strains may not be understood by their rest metabolism, which is very similar in both cases, except one suggests a multiplication of the small differences during the growth metabolism.
Untersuchungen zur Wirkung des bifunktionell alkylierenden Cytostaticums IMET 3106 auf Wachstum, Zellteilung, DNS‐, RNS‐ und Proteinsynthese von Escherichia coli
Authors: Haupt I. , Strohbach G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUntersuchungen über die Wirkung des bifunktionell alkylierenden Cytostaticums 1‐Methyl‐2‐{p‐[bis‐(β‐chloräthyl)‐amino]‐phenyliminomethyl}‐chinolinium‐chlorid (IMET 3106) haben gezeigt, daß in exponentiell wachsenden Kulturen von E. coli 15 TAU− sowohl die DNS‐ als auch die Proteinsynthese konzentrationsabhängig gehemmt werden. Die Hemmung der Proteinsynthese erfolgt zeitlich noch vor der Hemmung der DNS‐Synthese. Im Gegensatz hierzu wird die RNS‐Synthese durch dieses Cytostaticum im Vergleich zur Kontrolle zunächst stimuliert; eine partielle Hemmung der RNS‐Synthese tritt erst nach längerer Versuchsdauer auf.Vergleichende Untersuchungen von DNS‐ und Proteinsynthese an den Stämmen E. coli K12 AB2497 uvr+ und AB2500 uvr A6 führten zu entsprechenden Ergebnissen. Durch Bestimmung des Koloniebildungsvermögens nach Einwirkung verschiedener Konzentrationen des Cytostaticums auf diese beiden Stämme konnte gezeigt werden, daß nur der Uvr+‐Stamm in der Lage ist, Zellteilungs‐ und Koloniebildungsvermögen zurückzuerlangen. Danach muß angenommen werden, daß der Uvr+‐Stamm die durch die Alkylierung erzeugten DNS‐Schäden reparieren kann. In Gegenwart des Cytostaticums führt die Reparatur aber nicht zu einer eindeutigen Erholung der DNS‐Synthese. Damit kann die unterschiedliche Fähigkeit beider Stämme zur Zellteilung nach Behandlung mit dem Cytostaticum nicht auf eine unterschiedliche Hemmung der DNS‐Synthese zurückgeführt werden. Autoradiographische Befunde machen es wahrscheinlich, daß eine anomale Verteilung der DNS in den Filamenten der Uvr−‐Mutante mitverantwortlich für die Zellteilungshemmung ist.
Toxicity of membrane filters to Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
Authors: Tuovinen O. H. , Niemelä S. I. , Gyllenberg H. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMembrane filters of different origins and types contain substances that are toxic to Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in media where Fe2+ constitutes the source of energy. The toxic principle(s) can be almost completely removed by heating to 115–120 °C or by leaching in boiling water. The damage of the membranes which follows from these treatments makes the membranes useless for ordinary filtration. It seems then that the development of a standard quantitative method using ferrous iron agar for the enumeration of chemolithotrophic iron‐oxidizing bacteria requires further attention.
Stabilisierung potentieller Transformanten von Bacillus subtilis durch ß‐Phenäthylalkohol
Authors: Kretschmer Sigrid 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe addidion of 0.3% PEA to Bacillus subtilis cultures at the time of nitrogen‐limitation did not affect the colony forming ability of the cells for several hours. However, the formation of spores in such cultures was completely inhibited, if 0.3% PEA was present during the first two hours of sporogenesis.If PEA was given to a culture containing potential transformants, their loss, which accounted for 99% in PEA‐free cultures, was suppressed. Because the same concentrations of PEA had the same quantitative effects on both sporulating cells at time t2 and potential transformants, it is concluded that comparable processes may occur in these types of cells. This would indicate that transformants undergo sporulation after having lost their competence and that the stabilizing effect of PEA is due to the conservation of the early reversible phase of sporogenesis.
Flavomycoin, ein neues Polyenantibioticum aus Streptomyces roseoflavus. Produktion, Isolierung und Eigenschaften
Authors: Schlegel R. , Fügner Rosemarie , Bradler Gertraud , Thrum H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe polyene antibiotic flavomycoin is produced by the Streptomyces strain JA 5068, which was named Streptomyces roseoflavus ARAI 1951 var. jenensis nov. var. because of its morphological and physiological properties. JA 5068 differs from the strains producing the similar antibiotics flavofungin and mycoticin, Streptomyces flavofungini URI et al. 1957 and Streptomyces ruber (KRAINSKY 1914) WAKSMAN et HENRICI 1948, respectively.Flavomycoin, C41H68O10 · 2 H2O, represents a new type of carbonyl pentaene. It has been isolated from the mycelium by extraction with methanol and butanol. The yellow‐green crystalline substance melts at 161–163 °C. The ultraviolet spectrum shows maxima at 263 and 363 nm. Flavomycoin is soluble in polar organic solvents but insoluble in water and unpolar solvents. Flavomycoin is active against dermatophytes, pathogenic and non‐pathogenic yeasts, filamentous fungi and protozoa. The LD50 is 24 mg/kg mice, i.p.
Vergleich von Enzymaktivitäten bei Hefen Untersuchungen zur Aktivitätsbestimmung einiger Enzyme bei Hefestämmen nach Wachstum auf n‐Alkanen
Authors: Hildebrandt W. , Durner K. , Weide H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEinige Enzyme des Krebszyklus und damit verknüpfter Stoffwechselwege bei je einem Stamm von Rhodotorula und Candida wurden charakterisiert. Die Bestimmung eines Enzyms bei zwei Stämmen verschiedener Gattungen erforderte unterschiedliche Konzentrationen von Substraten und Cofaktoren. Die für einen Stamm optimalen Konzentrationen bewirkten in einigen Fällen beim anderen eine Hemmung oder lagen noch unterhalb des Optimums. Für einen Hefestamm ausgearbeitete und optimierte Enzymbestimmungsmethoden können deshalb nicht in jedem Fall auf einen anderen Stamm übertragen werden.
Untersuchungen über die Aufnahme und Verwertung von Phosphatverbindungen durch Phosphatmangelzellen von Candida utilis II. Die Pyrophosphataseaktivität der Zellen
Authors: Jungnickel F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVon Phosphatmangelzellen (Candida utilis) wird nach Pyrophosphatangebot pro Zeiteinheit mehr Orthophosphat freigesetzt als aufgenommen. Phosphataufnahme und Pyrophosphatspaltung zeigen unterschiedliche Temperaturabhängigkeit; die Pyrophosphatspaltung ist durch Q10 = ca. 3,0 gekennzeichnet (0,1° −20°C), während die Phosphataufnahme bei 0,1 °C bereits vollständig unterbunden ist. Die Pyrophosphatspaltung wird durch Mg++ relativ gering, durch Säuren (EDTA und Weinsäure) aber infolge unspezifischer Aciditätserhöhung erheblich gefördert. Natriumazid blockiert die Phosphataufnahme, beeinflußt aber die Pyrophosphatspaltung nur indirekt.Die Untersuchungen führen zu der Schlußfolgerung. daß der Kontakt der Pyrophosphatspaltenden Enzymmoleküle lebender Zellen mit dem Medium nicht durch Barrieren behindert ist. Die Pyrophosphat‐spaltenden Enzyme werden aber nicht an das Medium abgegeben.
Lysogenisierung durch Phagen‐ und Prophagen‐DNS aus Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Schlechte H. , Geissler E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDNA of the temperate bacteriophage SP02 is active in transfection experiments. Competent recipient bacteria can also be lysogenized by such DNA extracted from mature phages. When phage DNA was isolated from the lysogenic strain Bacillus subtilis 168M (SP02), the lysogenization frequency was higher than in similar experiments with DNA from mature phages.
Neue Methoden zur Beobachtung und Isolierung ungewöhnlicher oder wenig bekannter Wasserbakterien
Authors: Hirsch P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTechniques are described which allow the direct observation of water bacteria in their unchanged environment. Bacteria attaching to and growing on glass slides were observed with a partially submerged light microscope. Similarly, undisturbed living bacteria were studied in previously submerged PERFIL'EV glass capillaries, a necessity in the case of the fragile Gallionella or Metallogenium spp. Many new bacterial forms and surface structures were discovered when formvar‐coated electron microscope grids were used as the substrate for attached growth („Aufwuchs”︁).Several water bacteria can be obtained by covering slides with layers of agar media and coating these with thin, transparent plastic foil to encourage specific attachment. The foil was used like a cover slip on water agar‐coated slides. After microscopic observation the foil was peeled off and the colonies observed previously could then be isolated. Growth of pure cultures was successfully attempted in disposable Nalgene membrane filter units or in membrane‐covered chambers which had been submerged in the aquatic environment to facilitate nutrient and waste exchange with the outside. Natural bacterial populations could be transferred with only little disturbance from stratified sediments to the laboratory. This was achieved by keeping aquaria in the water for an extended period of time to allow for re‐establishment of the normal layering. During transportation, the aquaria were covered with plastic plates. In the laboratory some of the environmental factors such as the proper temperature and light were restored. With this method layered populations of even rare water bacteria could be kept alive for several months.Finally, an agar diffusion gradient plate is described. It enables one to grow and isolate unusually demanding, i.e. „stenobiotic”︁ bacteria.
Der Atmungsdefekt bei Hefezellen: eine kritische Betrachtung seiner Ursachen II. Der „RD‐Zustand”︁ (petite‐Mutation) und verwandte Defekte
Authors: Kraepelin Gunda 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn der Zeit seit dem Erscheinen des ersten Teiles dieses Sammelreferates (KRAEPELIN 1967) hat der Atmungsdefekt, soweit er sich auf die sogenannte plasmatische „petite‐Mutation”︁ bezieht, noch keine definitive Klärung gefunden. Obgleich es zu diesem Thema bereits mehrere zusammenfassende Darstellungen gibt, in denen die zur Zeit wesentlich erscheinenden Fakten diskutiert wurden, mag die in manchem abweichende Betrachtungsweise dieses Referat dennoch rechtfertigen. Insbesondere mag es dazu beitragen, bekannte aber scheinbar unkorrelierte Phänomene einmal im Zusammenhang zu sehen. Da es noch keineswegs erwiesen ist, daß der plasmatische Atmungsdefekt und seine Begleiterscheinungen auf einer Mutation genetischen Materials beruhen, soll hier der kausal weniger festgelegten Bezeichnung „RD‐Zustand”︁ (respiratory defective state) auch weiterhin der Vorzug gegeben werden2.
Geomikrobiologische Untersuchungen X. Besiedelung der Vulkaninsel Surtsey mit Mikroorganismen
Authors: Schwartz W. , Schwartz Adelheid 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAfter a short revue on the biological exploration of Surtsey, 1964–1970, a report is given of a stay on Surtsey in 1969, the collecting of samples and the microbiological examination of the samples. The main problem is to recognize the pioneer organisms of the colonization of the ashes, the tephra and lava away from the coast where no permanent accumulation of fresh water exists and the process of mechanical and chemical weathering is just beginning. Several biotops have been characterized by germ numbers and biochemical groups of bacteria. The most active, biologically, was the biotop of the fumaroles. The results have been discussed and a program for further exploration has been outlined.
Antimicrobial properties of fungal macrolide antibiotics
Authors: Betina V. , Mičeková Daniela 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAntibacterial, antifungal and antiprotozoal effects of curvularin, cyanein, monorden, and cytochalasins A, B and D were studied.Curvularin and cytochalasin B showed no inhibition of the microorganisms tested. Cyanein and cytochalasin D, besides their cytotoxicity, are antifungal antibiotics. Cytochalasin A inhibits growth of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Mucor corymbifer, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Botrytis cinerea. Monorden was active against B. subtilis, S. cerevisiae, C. albicans, B. cinerea, and also against Euglena gracilis.Cyanein, monorden, and cytochalasins A and D induce an intensive ramification of B. cinerea hyphae.Biological activity of the studied compounds is discussed in terms of their chemical structures.
Zur Anwendbarkeit der Quellungshypothese auf die Sporangienentleerungsweise bei Achlya
Authors: Borkowski M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMit den gewonnenen Untersuchungsergebnissen erweist sich die Unbrauchbarkeit der Quellungshypothese DEBARYS, die Sporangienentleerungsweise bei Achlya zu erklären.Die von DEBARY, WALZ und STRASBURGER postulierte Quellmasse konnte mit den gekennzeichneten Methoden an Achlya‐Sporangien weder auf dem Wege des direkten Nachweises durch optische, färbetechnische und mikrochemische Verfahren, noch auf dem des indirekten, bei dem aus der Verhaltensweise der Zoosporen nach der Applikation von Fixantien und Plasmolytica auf ihre Existenz geschlossen werden sollte, nachgewiesen werden.Die Frage nach den bei Sporangienentleerungen hauptsächlich beteiligten Kräften wird durch eine neue Hypothese beantwortet. Sie geht von den ermittelten Befunden aus, daß die normale Sporangienentleerung ausschließlich bei ausgebildeter Axialanordnung der Sporen erfolgt, diese Axialgruppierung wiederum nur so lange erhalten bleibt, wie die Zoosporen im Kataphoresetest als Träger elektrischer Ladung reagieren, daß hier also ein Zusammenhang von Sporangienentleerung, Axialanordnung der Zoosporen während des Entleerungsablaufes und elektrischen Ladungsverhältnisses besteht.Sie mißt daher den elektrischen Ladungsverhältnissen am entleerenden Sporangium die entscheidende Bedeutung für den gesamten Entleerungsprozeß zu.
Induction of λCI prophages in Escherichia coli C600 T44
Authors: Klaus S. , Noack D. , Hüller Elke 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe temperature sensitive mutant strain E. coli C600 T44 and its parental strain E. coli C600 were lysogenized with λ+ and different λCI phage mutants and induced for vegetative phage development by different inducing agents such as heat, UV irradiation, nutritional shift up, and supplementation of the culture medium with adenine. The effectivity of inducing agents expressed by two measured parameters (induction effect and latent period) is discussed in terms of comparison between the bacterial and phage mutants used. Following conclusions can be drawn: Both the inducible fraction and the efficiency of UV irradiation and nutritional shift up as inducing agents are enhanced in T44 in comparison with the parent strain C600. The repressers coded for by the very UV sensitive λCI prophages λt U37 and λinds exhibit an enhanced affinity with respect to λ+ repressors to the effector molecules accumulated after inducing treatment with UV light, heat, nutritional shift up, and adenine supplementation. The experimental data reported suggest that there is a regulatory circuit controlling the concentration of the effector molecules. The T44 mutation seems to affect the properties of this regulatory circuit resulting in alteration of both the accumulation kinetics and the maximal concentration of effector molecules. Furthermore, the T44 mutation renders the feedback loop of this control circuit temperature sensitive. From the experimental results it is concluded that more than one kind of stereospecific effector molecules are able to influence the repressor activity. The ratio of the concentrations of these molecules and their accumulation kinetics depend on the kind of inducing agent. Heating yields a fast accumulation kinetics while UV irradiation and adenine supplementation result in a slow one. Therefore, adenine does not interact directly with phage repressor molecules but with some elements of the regulatory circuit altered by the T44 mutation.
Remarques sur le métabolisme glucidique au cours de la sporulation de Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen
Authors: Arnaud A. , Vezinhet Françoise , Galzy P. 
Published: July 2010

The action of pH on respiratory metabolism, evolution of carbohydrate, and sporulation are studied. Experiments have been made with cells harvested during the early log phase or during the late log phase.Carbohydrate reserves are synthesized from the acetate only when there is sporulation.At the end of the sporulation, glycogen is very abundant in asci. Physiological state, pH, and sporulation are discussed.
Chemical mutagenesis in Taphrina maculans Butler I. Surival and mutation induction by N‐methyl‐N'‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine
Authors: Singh U. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSurvival and mutation induction studies have been explored in two strains of Taphrina maculans Butler with N‐methyl‐N'‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine. The salmon red strain is more susceptible to the mutagen than the creamy white one. Filamentous and small spored mutants were induced only in the creamy white strain. Pathogenicity tests of wild types and mutants revealed the latter as avirulent.
Zuckerzusammensetzung der Lipopolysaccharide einiger Yersinia enterocolitica‐Stämme
Authors: Beer W. , Seltmann G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWir haben die Zuckerzusammensetzung der Lipopolysaccharide von 11 verschiedenen Yersinia enterocolitica‐Stämmen bestimmt.Die definierten Stämme erhielten wir von Professor E. Thal, Statens Veterinärmedicinska Anstalt, Stockholm; in seinem Laboratorium erfolgte auch die serologische Testung1) der Stämme nach der Massenkultivierung. Die Anzüchtung der Bakterien sowie die Isolierung und Reinigung der Lipopolysaccharide wurde bereits früher beschrieben (Seltmann u. Hofmann 1966, Seltmann u. Rische 1966). Nach der Hydrolyse wurden die neutralen Monosaccharide nach Reduktion mit NaBH4 und Peracetylierung gaschromatographisch untersucht (Sawardeker et al. 1965).Da ohne Zusatz von Standardsubstanzen mit dieser Methode nur das Verhältnis der einzelnen Monosaccharide feststellbar ist. wurde Glucose enzymatisch quantitativ bestimmt (Glucoseoxydase/Peroxydase/o‐Dianisidin, VEB Arzneimittelwerk Dresden) und als Bezugsbasis verwendet. Die Hexosaminbestimmung erfolgte mit der Morgan‐Elson‐Reaktion. Die Identifizierung als Glucosamin bzw. Galaktosamin konnte durch kombinierte Dünnschichtelektrophorese und ‐chromatographie (zweidimensional; 1. Laufrichtung: 15 V/cm 30 min mit Pyridin — Essigsäure — Wasser 10:4:86: 2. Laufrichtung: Pyridin — Ammoniak — Wasser 100:4:40) erreicht werden. Der quantitative Nachweis von 2 — Keto‐3–desoxyoctonsäure (KDO) wurde photometrisch nach Waravdekar u. Saslaw (1959) durchgeführt.
Zellteilung bei Escherichia coli CR34 unter Thyminmangelbedingungen
Authors: Strohbach G. 
Published: July 2010

The result of the inhibition of DNA synthesis by depriving a thy− auxotroph of thymine depended on the strain used. In E. coli 15T−col (JG151) both the initiation of new cell divisions and the separation of cells in the process of division were inhibited by thymine starvation. On the other hand, in E. coli CR34 DNA synthesis and cell division continued for nearly 20 min after the removal of external supplies of thymidine. In this paper it was examined if cell divisions under conditions of thymine starvation could be explained on account of a considerable internal pool of thymine.Thymine deprivation in exponentially growing cultures of E. coli CR34 resulted in a small increase of DNA of about 10%. The cells continued to divide after removal of thymidine until the cell number had increased about 40–50%. Addition of nalidixic acid at the beginning of the thymine starvation period resulted in a further reduction of the DNA synthesis while the increase of the cell number remained about 40%.It was concluded from the results that it is not possible to explain an increase in the cell number of about 40% by an increase of DNA of only 10%. It was supposed that the cells which divided under conditions of thymine starvation were those which had completed a round of chromosome replication prior to the removal of thymidine.A working hypothesis was proposed to explain the different behaviour of E. coli 15T− and E. coli CR34 under conditions of thymine starvation.
Crude oil degradation by microorganisms isolated from the marine environment
Authors: Cerniglia C. E. , Perry J. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe utilization of crude oil by microorganisms isolated from marine environments was investigated. Enrichment procedures for isolating crude oil degrading organisms were carried out using samples of mud collected among the estuaries and along the coast of North Carolina. The basal medium was seawater supplemented with nitrogen and phosphate. The fungi isolated under these conditions utilized crude oil more effectively than did the bacteria and several oil utilizing fungi were isolated in pure culture. Among the fungi selected were strains of Cunninghamella etegans, Aspergillus versicolor, Cephalosporium acremonium, and a Penicillium sp. These fungi utilized a wide variety of hydrocarbon substrates as a source of carbon and energy. All grew on a mineral salts medium with no requirement for seawater.The amount of crude oil utilized by growing fungi was determined. The results suggested that of the fungi isolated C. elegans and the Penicillum sp. were most effective in degrading crude oil. When paraffin base crude oil was added to the seawater basal salts medium (0.2% v/v) and inoculated with C. elegans over 90% of the oil was assimilated after 5 days growth. Less than one‐half of this amount of asphalt base crude oil was utilized. The optimum temperature for growth of fungi that utilized crude oil differed but all grew at temperatures between 15 and 24 °C. Significant growth of the fungi on crude oil did not occur unless the seawater was supplemented with a source of nitrogen and phosphorus. The results of this study suggested that fungi can effectively assimilate crude oil and that paraffin base crude is more readily degraded than the asphalt base crude oil.