bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Predicting Liquid Production Profile in Horizontal Wells Considering the Mechanism of Annular Flow Resistance and Water Control
Authors: Du Xinyu , Zhang Xianmin , Wang Tao , Zhu Xuchen , Xi Mengcheng , Yu Junzhi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The coated particle ICD water control technology has been widely used in horizontal well completion in offshore oil fields in recent years, but there is a lack of research on the simulation and prediction methods for liquid production profiles. By analyzing the dynamic inflow process of fluid, starting from the laws of momentum conservation and mass conservation, a coupled mathematical model of horizontal well reservoir wellbore pressure drop considering the mechanism of annular flow resistance was established, and solved through programming. Based on the actual well data of a certain block in an offshore oilfield, a horizontal well reservoir production model was established. The calculation results of the example show that the annular flow resistance and water control technology can effectively control the balanced liquid production of horizontal wells, thereby increasing the anhydrous oil recovery period and improving the oil recovery rate of the oilfield; The coupling model simulation and prediction method can fully reflect the mutual influence between the oil reservoir, wellbore annulus, ICD, and horizontal wellbore; The effective diameter of the ICD valve affects the changes in oil production and water content. The placement of the ICD well section has a significant effect on water control, and the compactness of the filled particles has a certain impact on pressure and water content changes.
Numerical Simulation of Ship-added Resistance Based on a Numerical Wave Tank
Authors: Han Shuai , Yang Lin , Zhu Qidan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The wave resistance increase of a ship during its actual voyage can affect its speed and safety. To design ships with excellent sailing performance, it is necessary to accurately predict the wave resistance increase of a ship in waves, as well as the motion response and wave resistance prediction of ships in waves, which involves complex hydrodynamic problems. This paper first establishes a physical model of the KCS vessel, then utilizes the numerical wave tank platform independently developed by our university. Based on viscous flow theory, it calculates the resistance of the KCS under calm water conditions. Using three-dimensional potential flow methods and spectral analysis, it computes the wave-induced resistance values for the KCS under six-degree sea states, analyzes the wave-induced resistance performance of the KCS, and ultimately, based on the calculation results of calm water resistance and wave-induced resistance combined with propeller efficiency parameters, calculates the effective power of the engine.
Numerical Calculation of 1P Aerodynamic Loads on Aviation Propellers
Authors: Tian Xiao , Yan Wenhui , Zhang Kun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To accurately predict the 1P aerodynamic loads of aviation propellers, this paper established a mathematical model of aviation propeller 1P aerodynamic loads based on the coupling method of blade element theory and momentum theory. Correction methods such as the Prandtl tip correction method and the propeller root correction method were implemented to further improve calculation accuracy. A 1P aerodynamic load calculation procedure was developed based on the mathematical model by using the Matlab software. 1P aerodynamic loads of a three-blade propeller were predicted for three different angles including 3 °, 9 °, and 12°. The numerical calculation results show that the calculated aerodynamic characteristic parameters of individual propeller blades obtained based on the propeller 1P aerodynamic load mathematical model deviate less than 6% from the CFD simulation results, and regular periodic pulsations are observed. The numerical calculations in this paper show that the propeller 1P aerodynamic load calculation procedure developed based on this model can accurately predict the propeller 1P aerodynamic load, which can provide some reference for the study of aviation propeller aerodynamic characteristics.
Effect of Water-added-mass on Modal Behavior of Shaft-line of Large Hydroelectric Generator Unit
Authors: Chen Weijiang , Huang Xingxing , Xie Jingpeng , Wang Zhengwei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The water-added-mass to a hydro turbine-shaft-line can significantly affect its modal behavior including the vibration modes and their natural frequencies. So it is of great significance to consider the effect of added water mass on the modal behavior of a hydro turbine to assure the safe and efficient operation of the hydro turbine-shaft-line system. In this investigation, the effect of water-added-mass on the shaft-line of one large prototype hydroelectric generator unit has been investigated in detail via the finite element tool. First, a CAD model of the shaft-line was created based on actual dimensions. Then a finite element model of the entire shaft-line was generated with high-quality hexahedral and tetrahedral cells. A first round of finite element simulation of the shaft-line in the air was performed without considering the effect of surrounding water, but the results were not realistic. On this basis, a finite element-based water-structure coupling simulation was carried out to analyze the effect of water-added-mass on the modal behavior of the shaft-line of the large hydroelectric generator unit. The result is more realistic to reality than that in the air. The results of this study show that when the water surrounding the turbine runner is added to the hydro-turbine shaft-line, it increases the overall mass of the shaft-line system, thereby reducing the natural frequencies of the system. The decrease in natural frequencies can cause the shaft-line to approach its critical speed during operation, vibrate at higher amplitudes than usual, and even lead to potential damage to the shaft-line system. According to the results calculated with the finite element water-structure coupling method, the countermeasures to improve the evaluation of the water-added-mass effect on the structural modal behavior of the shaft-line for the hydroelectric generator units have been provided. The conclusion can also apply to other hydraulic turbine and pump units.
Research of the Meshing Performance of New Concave-convex Ball Teeth
Authors: Shao Changjin , Yang Yousheng , Yang Wenchang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the limitations of the existing hydraulic pumps, a new type of bidirectional water-hydraulic internal ball gear pump using concave-convex ball teeth meshing to transfer power is proposed. In this paper, the principle of internal gear pump is utilized to establish the model of internal ball gear pump, and its mechanical properties and dynamic meshing characteristics are numerically investigated by using the finite element method. The results show that (a) the concave-convex ball gears run smoothly without any interference, and (b) increasing the number of gear rows can effectively reduce the maximum stress and meshing impact under a given load and speed. This study provides a basis for the development of high-performance ball gear pumps.
Analysis of Seepage Field Characteristics of Water Diversion Power Generation System of Pumped Storage Power Station
Authors: Ji Yang , Shi Li , Cui Zhen , Lu Xi , Di ShengJie , Wang Dongtiao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Based on the diversion power generation system project of the Hami pumped storage Hydropower Station, the drainage substructure method is used to accurately simulate the drainage holes of the plant area, and the three-dimensional finite element model of the plant area including the main faults and reflecting the seepage characteristics of complex rock mass is established. Based on the inversion analysis of the natural seepage field, the distribution characteristics of the three-dimensional seepage field in the plant area were studied, and the rationality of the layout of the anti-seepage drainage system was evaluated. The results show that under the action of the anti-seepage drainage system, the groundwater level of the mountain is greatly reduced, and the descending funnel is formed in the three caverns, the seepage flow is controllable overall, and the permeability stability meets the engineering safety requirements.
Recent Advances in Water Treatment Membranes Based on Nanomaterials (A Review)
Authors: Farman Hala Y , Al-Anbari Riyad H , Haider Adawiya J 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNanomaterials have emerged as the next generation of materials for high-performance water treatment membranes, with the ability to address the global problem of pollution in water. Application of nanoparticles as membranes improves permeability feature for water, mechanical performance, efficiency of separation, and membrane fouling. As a result, the nanomaterials open up a new avenue for effectively selective membranes for purification of the water. This paper discusses the enhancements in membrane caused by the presence of various nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles (NPs), two-dimensional nano-materials (2D), nanofibers, nanosheets, and other nano-composite structure materials. Furthermore, the many uses of these membranes-based nanoparticles in treatment of water applications are emphasized. The goal is to show how important nanoparticles are in the membrane manufacturing in treatment of water. Nanomaterials and nanotechnology were discovered to have enormous promise for the progress of sustainable treatment of water and its wastes.
Geothermal energy concept applied to All-Air HVAC system
Authors: Darwiche Mohamad , Rabih Ali , Faraj Jalal , Keniar Mahdi , Akl Ibrahim , Ali Samer , Murr Rabih , Khaled Mahmoud 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The novel method of combining geothermal energy with an all-air heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is presented in this work. A building in Lebanon serves as the case study, which aims to determine the necessary mass flow rate for the conditioned space. Rather than permitting ambient air to enter the Air Handling Unit (AHU) directly, the plan calls for a 2-meter-deep geothermal duct to be buried. By adjusting the air temperature prior to it entering the AHU, this geothermal duct helps to improve the efficiency of the HVAC system and lowers the AHU’s yearly energy usage. Furthermore, the idea guarantees that there will always be 100% fresh air available, which means that the all-air HVAC system won’t need to recycle treated air from the conditioned space—also known as return air. According to the findings, the heat rate of the geothermal duct may reach 210 kW, which would result in a large decrease in CO2 emissions and cost savings for the HVAC system.
Study of Photon Emission at High Temperature of Quark Gluon Interaction
Authors: Daoud Aziz Raghad , Shweikh Ahmed M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the photons emission rate from the interaction of quark with gluon is calculated and studied based on quantum chromodynamics theory. The photonic rate is calculated for u g→d g γ system at bremsstrahlung processes with Bag constant B1/4=0.235GeV and B1/4=0.275GeV, system temperature (325-625) MeV and the value of fugacity of quark λQ=0.9 and gluon λG=0.02 to emit photons with energy 0.5 ≤ Eγ ≤ 5GeV in hadronic phase. The effect of system temperature on the photons emission rate was studied and discussed, it was found that it increases with increases of system temperature and decreases of coupling strength due to the deconfinement phenomena furthermore the photonic yield at B1/4=0.235GeV is less than the photonic yield at B1/4=0.275GeV.
The Compressive Strength of Unsaturated polyester reinforced by natural and synthetic Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Jamal Mizban Rana , Hamdi Jassim Widad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A modifications on the ultimate compression strength of unsaturated polyester (UPE) carrying out, by adding nano Chicken eggshells fibers (E.S) as a natural source of calcium carbonate or synthetic nano calcium carbonate particles (CaCO3) in different weight percentages ranging from (1-5%). The ratio (1% eggshell fibers) and (3% CaCO3) are the best weight ratios that selected according to ultimate compressive strength of Unsaturated Polyester composites. Ultamite compressive strength was improved from (73.84 N/mm2) for UPE to (85.54 N/mm2) for (UPE/1% E.S) composite and to higher value (87.88 N/mm2) for (UPE/3%CaCO3) composite. The partictes with nano-sized of titanium dioxide (TiO2) was used to reinforce the two best composites, to get more improvement in there ultamite compressive strength to reach to (94.27 N/mm2) for (UPE/1%E.S) and to (100.18 N/mm2) for (UPE/3%CaCO3) composites.
A comparative study on the gas sensing performance of SnO2 and GO-SnO2 sensor devices.
Authors: Oppong Amoh Prince , Elwardany Ahmed , Fujii Manabu , Shokry Hassan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Using Modified Hummer’s technique, eco-friendly carbon derivative (GO) nanoparticles were obtained from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) precursor. Nanocomposite of GO-SnO2 and undoped SnO2 were synthesized using the coprecipitation method. The as-prepared nanoparticles were subjected to diverse analytical processes employing Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study the internal morphological properties of the nanoparticles. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to examine elemental quantifications of the nanopowders. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to analyze bond structures and functional groups. Dynamic responses of various gas sensor devices to 20 ppm concentrations of methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) were investigated as a function of time at room temperature. The GO-SnO2 nanocomposite sensing device demonstrated an ideal detection response with values of 5.00 and 5.08, corresponding to methane and hydrogen analyte gases. The doped SnO2 sensor device outperformed the pure SnO2, accounting for the GO-SnO2 > SnO2 order. Regarding the target gases, the synthesized nanocomposite demonstrated stability and selectivity in the following order of magnitude: H2 > CH4. The GO doping effect was found to have introduced surface defects, increased pores, and enabled more oxygen-active sites to be formed on the sensor device’s surface for dynamic gas sensing response, providing a comparatively enhanced sensor response.
Investigate various shielding parameters for (C18H20O8)x (ZrSiO4)100-x and (C18H20O8)x (BiClO)100-x in medical radiological applications
Authors: Abd-Noor Saddam Jamel , Mkhaiber Ahmed Fadhil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study investigates some of shielding parameters of (C18H20O8)x (ZrSiO4)100-x and (C18H20O8)x (BiClO)100-x, x=(95,80,65,50)% wt coded as (S1,S2) for medical radiation application. We employed a theoretical model to calculate a mixture’s mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) during our investigation. The XCOM computer program was utilized for this purpose within the energy range of (0.356,0.364,0.44,0.662,0.739,0.834,0.846,1.17,1.238,1.274,1.33,1.368 and 2.754) MeV. The MAC values were used to compute several parameters, such as the linear attenuation coefficient LAC, half-value layer HVL, and effective atomic number Z
eff
. The study’s findings revealed a consistent decrease in the value of LAC as the energy increased for all the mixtures. The maximum value of LAC is 0.366 cm−1 in energy 0.356 MeV at x=50 for S2. The results show that adding BiClO to a matrix material can greatly improve its attenuation properties and be used to protect against medical radiation. The results show that the values of Z
eff
decreased with increasing energies, then stabilized and changed slightly at increasing energy. The lowest HVL values and the best for shielding were in group S2. The investigation also examined the association between the Z
eff
and the LAC at the value of x=50. The results show the correlation was positive and strong.
Calculating the Density Energy of Se100-XGeXand Se62Ge35X3Semiconductor Materials
Authors: Hasan Azzawi Jannah , Ayad Abdulmajeed Marwa , Mahdi Wadi Kassim , Ali Jasim Kareem , Shaban Auday H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, chalcogenide glasses are studied using a range of experimental techniques for the purpose of understanding their electrical properties with the aim of providing new strategies for producing a new class of electronic devices made of advanced amorphous materials. The electrical properties of chalcogenide glass are very low cost to produce competitive devices; hence, a deeper understanding of their electrical transport properties may provide the necessary insight to enhance merit. For this purpose, the electrical properties studied by some researchers were relied upon, mathematical equations were performed and the program is designed to compute the energy state density in both extended and localized systems region of Se100-xGex with (x = 5, 25, 28, 30 and 38) and Se62Ge35X3glasses (where X is Sb, Sn, or Bi) in different concentrations. Characterizing the electrical properties of Se100-xGex and Se62Ge35X3glasses use to determine the density of energy states. The results of electrical measurements confirmed the presence of two mechanisms of electrical conduction: conduction in extended states at high temperatures and conduction in localized states at medium temperatures. Effective substitution results in a change in the local and extended state coefficients. This effect was measured as a function of concentration.
Ventilation Quality Assessment of Dual Courtyard Configuration
Authors: Mohamed Balah Eman , Shokry Hassan , Hagishima Aya , Mahmoud Hatem 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Maintaining air quality within building spaces is a challenge under the increased pollutants resources. The optimization of the courtyard building layout toward natural ventilation has emerged as a critical factor in shaping air quality conditions. This study delves into the assessment of outdoor air quality infiltration within a dual courtyard typology characterized by varying proportions and orientations for both the connecting link and openings. To comprehensively analyse air quality within these integrated courtyards, a combination of on-site particle dispersion measurements and flow pattern simulations were employed. The outcomes of this investigation highlight the pronounced impact of atmospheric conditions, particularly wind direction, on the performance of courtyard configurations. The results revealed that dual courtyard provide an approach to address the geometric conflict between thermal comfort and air quality optimization. Even in circumstances with limited flow velocity, the direct connection between courtyards deepens the upward recirculating flow into the courtyard cavity at the activity level. The optimal air quality is attained by planning each courtyard’s upper-level intake and outflow openings, as it provides an evacuation flow out of court cavity and decline the PNC than outside surrounding conditions.
Effect of Sulfur on Characterization of AgInSe1.8S0.2 Thin Film and n-AgInSe1.8S0.2 / p-Si Solar Cell
Authors: Hussein Bushra H. , Hassun Hanan K. , Al-Maiyaly Bushra K.H. , Salman Ebtisam M-T. , Shaban Auday H. , Hady Mahdi Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ternary Silver Indium selenide Sulfur AgInSe1.8S0.2 in pure form and with a 0.2 ratio of Sulfur were fabricated via thermal evaporation under vacuum 3*10-6 torr on glasses substrates with a thickness of (550) nm. These films were investigated to understand their structural, optical, and Hall Characteristics. X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to examine the impact of varying Sulfur ratios on the structural properties. The results revealed that the AgInSe1.8S0.2 thin films in their pure form and with a 0.2 Sulfur ratio, both at room temperature and after annealing at 500 K, exhibited a polycrystalline nature with a tetragonal structure and a predominant orientation along the (112) plane, indicating an enhanced degree of crystallinity. The Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was utilized to explore how Sulfur affects roughness of surfaces and sampls Grain Size. Furthermore, optical parameters, such as the optical gap and absorption coefficient, were calculated to assess the influence of Sulfur on the optical properties of the AgInSe1.8S0.2 thin films. The UV/Visible measurements indicated a reduction in the energy band gap to 1.78 eV for AgInSe1.8S0.2 at 500 K, making these films potentially suitable for photovoltaic applications. These thin films exhibited donor characteristics, with an increase in electron concentration observed with higher Sulfur content and annealing temperature.
A short recent review on geothermal energy piles
Authors: Dokmak Hanan , Faraj Khaireldin , Khaled Mahmoud , Faraj Jalal , Castelain Cathy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This manuscripts presents a short recent review of geothermal energy piles, emphasizing their problems, design elements, heat transfer fluids, and classification. Phase change materials (PCMs) are used as heat transfer fluids, and their beneficial effects on energy pile performance are highlighted. Design factors for the best energy pile performance are examined, including the usage of nanofluids and geometrical optimization. The analysis presented provides brief insightful information about the state of geothermal energy piles heaps now, laying the groundwork for future studies and advancements in this area.
Measuring the concentration of radon gas at the College of Dentistry- Al-Iraqia University using (CR-39) detector
Authors: Mudher Hassan Israa , Al-Sadoon Taghreed H. , Rehima Ali M. , Ahmed Ebrahiem Sameera , Jassem Kadhim Mothana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, the concentration of radon gas was measured at the College of Dentistry-Al-Iraqia University using a nuclear pathway detector (CR-39). The detector was placed at a distance of 160 cm from the ground level. The detector was exposed to alpha fragments for 30 days. The results showed that the concentration of radon gas has Changed from one site to another. It ranged from the lowest (28.418 Bq/m3) to the highest (233.491 Bq/m3), with an average radon concentration equal to (90.279 Bq/m3). All results were within the permissible limit of a scientist except for one sample A2 in the chemistry laboratory, which was higher than the international permissible limits (200-300 Bq/m3) and recorded by the International Commission on Radiological Protection Statement on Radon.
Optical Characteristics of Rectangular Cross-Section Torus Waveguide
Authors: Kawthar H , Al-Majeed Abd , Hasan Alaa B 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The rectangular cross-section waveguide made of PMMA is designed to efficiently transfer solar radiation from the source to the receiver, whether it be a (solar cell or a thermal reservoir) by the total internal reflection of the radiation within the waveguide. The waveguide is designed with a torus, like the letters U and S, which provides greater flexibility to reach previously inaccessible areas with traditional waveguide shapes. To design the waveguide, the simulation program (ANSYS Zemax OpticStudio 2022) uses the analysis tool in the program (detector viewer). The optical efficiency of the system was calculated by varying a set of optical parameters, such as the radius of curvature of the waveguide, the width of the entrance aperture, and the angle of rotation. The results showed that the designed (U) model offers more design flexibility than the (S) model, enabling greater geometric freedom in solar system design and providing greater diversity in design based on its intended purpose without significantly affecting the efficiency of the system.