bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple method to estimate phosphorus mobilization in hemodialysis using only predialytic and postdialytic blood samples
Authors: Agar Baris U. , Akonur Alp , Cheung Alfred K. , Leypoldt John K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe have recently developed a pseudo one‐compartment model to describe intradialytic and postdialytic rebound kinetics of plasma phosphorus. In this model, individual patient differences in phosphorus kinetics were characterized by a single parameter; the phosphorus mobilization clearance (KM). In this work, we propose a simple method to estimate KM from predialytic and postdialytic plasma phosphorus concentrations. Clinical data were collected from 22 chronic hemodialysis patients that underwent a 4‐hour treatment session. A simple algebraic equation was derived from the pseudo one‐compartment model to determine KM from predialytic and postdialytic plasma phosphorus concentrations. KM values computed using this equation were compared with values obtained from nonlinear regression of the full kinetic model to frequent intradialytic and postdialytic measurements of plasma phosphorus concentrations. There was good agreement between KM values (concordance correlation coefficient of 0.94) obtained from the simple method (105 ± 52 mL/min, mean ± SD) and from the full model (99 ± 47 mL/min). The 95% confidence interval for the difference between estimated KM values was −26 to 36 mL/min. The proposed simple method requires the use of only predialytic and postdialytic blood samples to estimate patient specific KM; this approach may allow easy clinical evaluation of phosphorus kinetics in hemodialysis patients.
What is good about PD + HD combined therapy
Authors: Yamashita Akihiro C. , Tomisawa Narumi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIt is known that β2‐microglobulin (β2‐MG) concentration in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is inversely correlated to the residual renal function (RRF). With decreasing RRF, some PD patients may necessarily be treated with hemodialysis (HD) once a week, not only for removing excess water and small solutes, but also for removing much larger solutes such as β2‐MG. In this study, a kinetic model allowed us to show what is good about PD + HD combined therapy in long‐term PD patients. A mathematical model was established based on a classic compartment theory for clinical use. Model validations were made by comparing calculated results with clinical data in order to specify what was good about PD + HD combined therapy (5‐day PD + 1‐HD/week). Time‐averaged concentration (TAC) for urea and creatinine decreased by 20% on the average by introducing PD+HD combined therapy no matter which dialyzers were used. TAC for β2‐MG in PD+HD combined therapy, however, was strongly dependent upon the dialyzer clearance, and when a low flux dialyzer (clearance for β2‐MG = 10 mL/min under QB = 200, QD = 500 mL/min) was used, pre‐dialysis β2‐MG concentration may increase. Use of super high‐flux dialyzers (clearance for β2‐MG = 60 mL/min under the same conditions) should greatly reduce the β2‐MG concentration from 30 to 8 mg/L in 4‐hr treatment. Then, when PD+HD combined therapy is introduced to a PD patient with diminishing RRF, use of super high‐flux dialyzers may be strongly recommended in order not to increase concentrations of pre‐dialysis β2‐MG and/or even greater solutes. Use of super high‐flux dialyzers is a key to the success of PD+HD combined therapy that could prevent concentrations of large solutes from increasing.
Using dialysis machine technology to reduce intradialytic hypotension
Authors: Davenport Andrew 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIntradialytic hypotension remains the most frequent complication associated with routine outpatient hemodialysis. Although increasing dialysis frequency and also lengthening dialysis session duration can reduce the risk of intradialytic hypotension, in practice, these options are limited to a small minority of dialysis patients.To help reduce intradialytic hypotension, a number of technological developments have been incorporated into the hemodialysis machine, based around relative blood volume monitoring, an indirect assessment of plasma volume. Further developments based on so called “fuzzy” logic feedback systems designed to adjust either or both the ultrafiltration rate and dialyzate sodium concentration according to relative changes in plasma volume. In addition, cooling and dissipation of the heat generated during dialysis also reduces the risk of intradialytic hypotension, and this can be regulated by cooling of the dialyzate using thermal control systems. In addition, convective therapies, such as online hemodialfiltration, have also been reported to reduce the frequency of intradialytic hypotension; whether this effect is simply due to increased cooling remains to be determined.Although all these developments have been reported to reduce the frequency of serious intradialytic hypotensive episodes, they have not been able to totally abolish hypotension, as they can not alone compensate for excessive weight gains and consequent excessive ultrafiltration requirements. Thus, in addition to the advances in hemodialysis machine technology designed to reduce intradialytic hypotension, attention also needs to be focused on reducing interdialytic weight gains, so reducing ultrafiltration requirement.
Role of dialysis technology in the removal of uremic toxins
Authors: Davenport Andrew 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTraditionally, the amount of hemodialysis prescribed for a patient has been based on urea clearance, as urea is not only retained in patients with chronic kidney disease, but also readily measurable, by reliable and inexpensive assays. More recently, other retained solutes, phosphate, β2 microglobulin, and latterly p‐cresol have been reported to be associated with increased risk of mortality in hemodialysis patients. As such, developments in dialysis practice that would result in greater clearance of water‐soluble middle‐sized toxins and also protein‐bound and/or organic solutes are being studied. Although session time is a key factor, switching from low flux to dialyzers with larger pores, the addition of convective transport with hemodiafiltration can help increase phosphate and β2 microglobulin clearances. Adsorption techniques can increase the clearance of organic and protein bound toxins either directly or indirectly by regenerating dialysate and ultrafiltrates.
A successful term pregnancy using in‐center intensive quotidian hemodialysis
Authors: Thompson Stephanie , Marnoch Catherine A. , Habib Syed , Robinson Heather , Pauly Robert P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA 30‐year‐old woman with stage V chronic kidney disease presented at 7 weeks gestation. She had no uremic symptoms; however, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was 33.6 mg/dL. Because of the well‐established negative relationship between BUN and fetal outcomes, dialysis was initiated with a nocturnal home hemodialysis (NHD)‐like prescription performed in‐center for logistical reasons. She received 36 hours per week of dialysis. Following the initiation of renal replacement therapy, the predialysis BUN was within the normal physiologic range. The patient had an uncomplicated pregnancy with delivery of a healthy 3000 g infant at 39 weeks gestation. This case adds to the growing literature that supports more intensive dialysis in the pregnant women than was previously recommended. This dose of dialysis should be offered to women in an in‐center setting if nocturnal home hemodialysis is not available or feasible.
Postprostatectomy seizures: A case report
Authors: Bichu Prasad , Phadke Gautam , Sangha Harbaksh , Misra Madhukar 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA 75‐year‐old Caucasian male presented with generalized seizures half‐hour post‐transurethral resection of the prostate surgery. The intra‐operative course was complicated by perforation of the posterior wall of the bladder neck during a difficult Foley catheter placement. This resulted in intraperitoneal extravasation of the glycine containing bladder irrigation fluid. An emergent laparotomy was performed, and 3.5–4 L of fluid was drained from the peritoneal cavity. Postoperative course was complicated by two seizures within a short interval. Patient developed profound hyponatremia (Na of 109 mEq/L). However, measured serum osmolality was normal (283 mOsm/kg). The serum osmolality remained relatively stable, indicating that the absorbed glycine and its metabolites remained osmotically active in the intravascular space (until they were dialyzed as mentioned later), making the hyponatremia less pernicious and an unlikely cause of patient's symptoms. The encephalopathy and seizures were ascribed to accumulation of toxic metabolites of glycine, especially ammonia (serum level –1261 mcmol/L). During a complicated postoperative period, patient developed oligo‐anuric renal failure, and was started on slow low‐efficiency dialysis for 8 hours resulting in rapid lowering of serum ammonia levels and glycine with reversal of encephalopathy including seizures. There was no recurrence of encephalopathy, seizures, or metabolic acidosis. Although rare, glycine toxicity may be life threatening. The pathophysiology, need for early detection and the role of early use of renal replacement therapy in acute glycine toxicity is discussed below.
New‐onset psoriasis in a maintenance hemodialysis patient
Authors: Triga Konstantina , Dousdampanis Periklis , Aggelakou‐Vaitsi Stamatina , Gellner Karen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNew‐onset psoriasis is extremely rare in hemodialysis (HD) patients, and several trials of dialysis therapies (HD and peritoneal dialysis) in psoriasis have indicated remarkable improvement in skin lesions and well‐being even in patients without renal impairment. We describe a patient who developed severe psoriasis despite undergoing chronic maintenance hemodialysis for 5 years and was treated successfully with oral cyclosporin A.
HLA‐B*15:33, a rare allele whose product reacts as an HLA‐B62 and ‐Cw5/Cw8 specificity
Authors: Street J. , Climer T. , Johnson J. , Darke C. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryUsing PCR with sequence‐specific primers (SSP) and subsequent sequencing of exons 2 and 3, we identified an example of B*15:33 in a likely north‐western European Caucasoid volunteer haemopoietic stem cell (HSC) donor. This was only the second example submitted to the IMGT/HLA database since B*15:33 was first described in 1996. B*15:33 differs from B*15:01:01:01 by three nucleotides resulting in two amino acid differences with B*15:01 (131S>R, 138T>K). This allele encodes a typical HLA‐B62 specificity – as confirmed using 17 local antisera from parous women and 19 monoclonal antibodies directed towards B15, B62 and B63 specificities. Importantly, it also reacted as a Cw5/Cw8 specificity when tested against 21 Cw5, Cw5/Cw8 and Cw8 antisera. This Cw5/Cw8 reactivity is probably due to the B*15:33 specificity having lysine at position 138 which is possessed by numerous C*05 and many C*08 products. B*15:33 is likely to have derived from a HLA‐B/C inter‐locus gene conversion event. HLA‐B*15:33 is clearly rare – this single example was found during the HLA PCR‐SSP‐based typing of 57 079 potential HSC donors. This indicates an allele frequency of <0.00001 in blood donors resident in Wales. An Epstein–Barr virus transformed B‐cell line from the HLA‐B*15:33 donor is available.
Effect of Thermal Stress on Orientation Control of CSD‐Derived Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 Thin Films
Authors: Noda Toshinari , Komaki Kazuki , Sakamoto Naonori , Wakiya Naoki , Suzuki Hisao 
Published: October 2011

Electrical properties of Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 (PZT) thin films are significantly affected by the film orientation. Especially c‐axis‐oriented PZT thin films exhibit higher electrical properties. However, perfect orientation control to c‐axis is very difficult, especially for the case of chemical solution deposition (CSD). Therefore, we tried to make clear the factors that affect the film orientation of the CSD‐derived PZT thin films, by applying the thermal stress. We used stainless steel (SS) substrates with higher thermal expansion coefficients and the CSD‐derived LNO seeding layer, which showed good lattice matching with c‐plane of PZT and similar thermal expansion coefficient to the SS substrates, to apply the thermal compressive stress to the PZT thin film during cooling. As a result, we successfully deposited the selectively c‐axis‐oriented PZT thin film with higher remanent polarization, Pr, over 30 μC/cm2 and good squareness of the hysteresis loop. These results elucidate that the thermal compressive stress by the constraint force from substrate is very effective not only for the orientation contol of the resulting PZT thin films but also to improve the electrical properties of the PZT thin films. This strategy is essential to obtain the ferroelectric thin films with excellent electrical properties.
Preceding Intravenous Thrombolysis Facilitates Endovascular Mechanical Recanalization in Large Intracranial Artery Occlusion
Authors: Pfefferkorn Thomas , Holtmannspötter Markus , Patzig Maximilian , Brückmann Hartmut , Ottomeyer Caroline , Opherk Christian , Dichgans Martin , Fesl Gunther 
Published: October 2011

Background and aims Acute occlusions of the large intracranial arteries are relatively resistant to intravenous thrombolysis. Therefore, multimodal approaches combining intravenous thrombolysis with endovascular mechanical recanalization are increasingly being applied. In this setting, intravenous thrombolysis may facilitate subsequent mechanical thrombectomy. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the influence of intravenous thrombolysis on net intervention time in subsequent endovascular mechanical recanalization. Methods In this retrospective single-center analysis, we compared net intervention time with and without preceding intravenous thrombolysis in patients treated by endovascular mechanical recanalization between 01/2003 and 06/2010. The net intervention time was defined as the interval between the onset of endovascular thrombus manipulation and successful vessel recanalization. Results We identified 65 eligible patients, 35 of whom were treated by intravenous thrombolysis before mechanical therapy. Recanalization was achieved in 26 patients with (74%) and 23 patients without preceding intravenous thrombolysis (77%). In the case of successful recanalization, the net intervention time was significantly shorter in patients with preceding intravenous thrombolysis (24·8 ± 22·8 vs. 44·2 ± 40·5 min; P<0·05). This difference remained significant after restricting the analysis to the patients treated by the Penumbra Stroke System© ( n=32). After three-months, patients with preceding intravenous thrombolysis were more likely to be functionally independent (modified Rankin Scale≤2) than those without ( P<0·05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that preceding intravenous thrombolysis may reduce the intervention time in patients treated by endovascular mechanical recanalization. However, due to the retrospective design of our study, these findings have to be interpreted with caution and need confirmation in a larger patient population.
A Microwave and Ohmic Combination Heater for Uniform Heating of Liquid–Particle Food Mixtures
Authors: Choi Won , Nguyen Loc T. , Lee Seung Hyun , Jun Soojin 
Published: October 2011

Abstract:  Microwave and ohmic combination heating was proposed to improve the uniformity of thermal processing of particulate foods. Thermal patterns of a liquid–particle mixture in a small test cell were studied using both experimental and simulation approaches. Carrot cubes (10 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm) and 0.1% NaCl salt solution were used as model foods. The temperature distribution of solid and liquid phases was examined using individual and combination heating methods. Under ohmic heating, the liquid was heated faster by 18.9 °C after 250 s. The heating rate of a carrot cube was faster than liquid under microwave heating and temperature rise of carrot was approximately 11.2 °C higher than that of solution after heating of 70 s. Samples experienced different heating patterns over time during the combination heating. Carrot samples showed a thermal lead initially when heated under microwave and the trend reversed during the second stage when ohmic heating was applied. Liquid–particle temperature difference was reduced as the combination heating proceeded, and came to be less than 2 °C at the end. Results obtained from simulation showed similar patterns and all prediction data agreed well with the experimental data. The prediction errors for sample temperatures ranged from 5.7% to 11.6%. The results provided better understanding for designing a continuous flow combination heater that can produce uniform temperature of solid–liquid mixtures.Practical Application:  If successful, this combination heating technique will find its way to effective aseptic or sterile processing of low acid multiphase foods containing large particulates (such as soups with meatballs or vegetables) that has not been a commercial reality in the United States.
Sweetness Concentration‐Response Behavior of Rebiana at Room and Refrigerator Temperatures
Authors: Fry John C. , Yurttas Nese , Biermann Kari L. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract:  Rebiana is a zero‐calorie, natural, high‐potency sweetener derived from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and comprising almost pure rebaudioside A. Reliable information on its sweetness concentration‐response (C‐R) behavior is fundamental to rebiana's use as an ingredient. The response curve of rebiana in room‐temperature (21 °C) and refrigerated (5 °C) water was determined using 2‐alternative forced choice discrimination tests with a minimum of 70 tasters. From a series of panels the proportion of tasters finding different sucrose concentrations sweeter than a fixed concentration of rebiana was plotted against sucrose concentration. The resultant sigmoid curves were linearized by transforming the ordinate axis to a probability scale. This aided experimental design and determination of isosweet concentrations. The latter were deemed to be the sucrose concentration at which 50% of tasters found it to be the sweeter of the pair. Isosweet concentrations of sucrose for seven rebiana concentrations up to 600 mg/L were used to construct a C‐R curve for each temperature. Equations were derived for the resultant hyperbolic curves. Rebiana is significantly more potent in cold water.Practical Application:  Rebiana is a new, zero‐calorie, natural, high‐potency sweetener derived from the Stevia plant. We have measured the sweetness of rebiana over a range of concentrations at room and refrigerator temperatures. This information will help developers of low‐calorie products get the right sweetness level when replacing sugar with rebiana.
Physiological Implications of Miltenberger blood group antigen subtype III (Mi.III)
Authors: Hsu K. 
Published: October 2011

In Taiwan, Miltenberger blood group antigen subtype III (Mi.III) is the second most important blood group antigen following ABO. Mi.III presumably evolved from homologous recombination between GYPA and GYPB, and expresses a hybrid configuration of glycophorin B‐A‐B and the Mur antigen in the crossover region.GPA and GPB oligomerize on the erythrocyte cell membrane. GPA also forms protein complexes with band 3 and facilitates band 3 expression. GPB is believed not to involve in the GPA‐band 3 interaction. In Mi.III+ blood, half or all GPB is replaced with the glycophorin BAB hybrid, Gp.Mur. We previously showed that upon heterologous expression in HEK‐293 cells, Gp.Mur, like GPA, facilitates the protein expression of band 3. Quantitative proteomics by iTRAQ revealed 25–67% more band 3 on the Mi.III+ erythrocyte membrane, as compared to the non‐Mi.III. Band 3 is a Cl−/HCO3− exchanger. With more band 3 protein expression, Mi.III+ RBCs exhibit larger capacities for Cl−/HCO3− exchange across the cell membrane. Conceivably, those with the Mi.III phenotype might have larger capacities for CO2 respiration.On the other hand, GPB is a component of the Rh protein complex, and has been shown to assist the surface expression of RhAG. Because GPB is half or completely replaced by Gp.Mur in Mi.III+ RBCs, we also examined if the expression of the Rh complexes could be affected in Mi.III. We found that homologous Mi.III RBCs exhibit reduced levels of RhAG and Rh antigens. The functions of Rh polypeptides and RhAG in erythrocytes are unclear, but RhAG in other species might function as gas channels for physiologically important molecules such as CO2, NH3, NO, and/or O2. Thus, substitution of GPB with Gp.Mur in Mi.III+ RBCs affects the structure of the band 3/Rh‐associated macrocomplex, and is expected to affect functional coordination within the metabolon of O2/CO2 gas exchange as well.
Designing peptide‐based FSL constructs to create Miltenberger kodecytes
Authors: Henry S. M. , Komarraju S. , Heathcote D. , Rodionov I. L. 
Published: October 2011

Background  KODE technology involves the synthesis of function‐spacer‐lipid (FSL) constructs and their insertion into cell membranes to create kodecytes. The functional group in FSLs includes blood group antigens and can be used to create synthetic antigen‐modified red cells.Aims  To review the issues in constructing peptide‐based FSLs, with an emphasis on MNS system hybrid glycophorins and the resultant Miltenberger kodecytes.Materials and Methods  Peptides suitable for synthesis into FSL constructs are ligated to a carboxymethylated oligoglycine spacer attached to a lipid tail. Simple contact of these FSL constructs with red cells allows for their spontaneous insertion into the cell membrane, creating kodecytes.Results  Once optimized peptide sequences are identified, FSL constructs are simple and easy to build. Field trials established Miltenberger kodecytes were functional and able to identify clinically significant IgG antibodies.Discussion  This review explores the issues with creating peptide‐based FSL constructs, with an emphasis on the relatively simple MUT/Mur FSLs. With the recent development of easy‐to‐use construct‐your‐own FSL‐peptide kits, researchers can now produce their own extended range of peptide‐based blood group kodecytes.Conclusion:  Provided possible complications/issues have been taken into account, FSL‐peptides can be easily synthesized and used to make kodecytes representative of selected protein blood antigens/epitopes.
Complications of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Jaing T.‐H. 
Published: October 2011

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) following myeloablative conventional conditioning regimen is associated with a higher incidence of transplant‐related morbidity and mortality, limiting its applicability to younger patients without significant co‐morbidities. The morbidity and mortality of HSCT are related closely to relapse of malignancy, conditioning‐related toxicities, infection, and donor–recipient human leucocyte antigen (HLA) disparity. Disparities at minor histocompatibility antigens are thought to be responsible for acute graft‐versus‐host disease in patients receiving HSCT from a HLA‐matched donor.Serious complications tend to erupt within specified periods of immunologic reconstitution after bone marrow grafting. Because their innate and acquired immune systems are especially vulnerable, HSCT recipients often have infectious and noninfectious complications. This article reviews the major complications of HSCT.