bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stephanos d'Athènes (d'Alexandrie) et Théophile le Prôtospathaire, commentateurs des Aphorismes d'Hippocrate, sont-ils indépendants l'un de l'autre?
Authors: Wolska Wanda 
Published: January 2011

REB 52 1994 France p. 5-68
Wanda Wolska-Conus, Stephanos d'Athènes (d'Alexandrie) et Théophile le Prôtospathaire, commentateurs des Aphorismes d'Hippocrate, sont-ils indépendants l'un de l'autre? — Contrairement à l'opinion généralement admise qui veut que le commentaire aux Aphorismes d'Hippocrate, composé par Théophile le Prôtospathaire (9e s.), soit une compilation faite à partir des commentaires de Stephanos d'Athènes (d'Alexandrie) (6e-7e s.) et de Galien, l'auteur de l'article soutient que les deux exégètes, Stephanos et Théophile, loin de chercher leur information dans leurs ouvrages respectifs, ont utilisé un texte commun, indépendamment l'un de l'autre, chacun l'adaptant d'une manière très particulière à ses objectifs personnels. Cette nouvelle hypothèse explique, d'une part, l'identité de nombreux passages qui forment la trame même des deux commentaires étudiés ; d'autre part, elle permet de replacer dans des contextes précis les différences qui séparent les deux auteurs, qu'il s'agisse des schémas de composition, des règles de l'exégèse ou du choix des thèmes développés avec ampleur par Stephanos, à peine esquissés ou omis par Théophile.
Le mésazon Démétrius Paléologue Cantacuzène a-t-il figuré parmi les défenseurs du siège de Constantinople (29 mai 1453)?
Authors: Ganchou Thierry 
Published: January 2011

REB 52 1994 France p. 245-272
Th. Ganchou, Le mésazon Démétrius Paléologue Cantacuzène a-l-il figuré parmi les défenseurs du siège de Constantinople (29 mai 1453) ? — Si l'unanimité se fait aujourd'hui autour du Minus de Georges Sphrantzès, certaines analyses historiques, dues aux interpolations du Maius de Macaire Mélissène, restent encore à corriger. Privilégiant le texte authentique de Sphrantzès, l'auteur rectifie les données biographiques de plusieurs membres de la famille des Cantacuzène au 15e siècle ; il reconsidère en particulier la carrière du mésazon Démétrius Paléologue Cantacuzène.
Block Copolymer Nanocomposites Based on Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: Effect of the Functionalization of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes on the Morphology of the Block Copolymer
Authors: Albuerne Julio , Fierro Adriana Boschetti‐de‐ , Abetz Clarissa , Fierro Daniel , Abetz Volker 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFilms based on a commercial block copolymer and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by solution casting. The block copolymer has a star asymmetric chain architecture, with polystyrene chains of different lengths and a polybutadiene core. The block copolymer has a lamellar morphology. The MWCNT were grafted with polystyrene chains under atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) conditions. The nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and simultaneous small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS)/strain–stress tests. The morphology of the nanocomposites is influenced by the polystyrene chain grafted from the MWCNT. In the case of the nanocomposite based on pristine MWCNT, most of the nanotubes intersect the lamellar domains of the block copolymer. With the increase of the molecular weight and the grafting chain density of the polystyrene anchored to the MWCNT, a favorable interaction between the polystyrene microdomain phases in the block copolymer and the MWCNT is observed. In the case where the MWCNT grafted with the relative highest molecular weight (20 kg·mol−1) and polystyrene grafted content (> 90 wt%), the MWCNT locally templates the lamellar morphology of the block copolymer. The effect on the block copolymer is analyzed based on the orientation of the morphology under an external deformation.
Topochemical Manipulation of Perovskites: Low‐Temperature Reaction Strategies for Directing Structure and Properties
Authors: Sanjaya Ranmohotti K. G. , Josepha Elisha , Choi Jonglak , Zhang Jianxia , Wiley John B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTopochemical reaction strategies offer an important low‐temperature (<500 °C) approach to the conscious manipulation of various inorganic host materials, allowing access to compounds that cannot be prepared by standard high‐temperature methods. As the utility of these strategies continues to expand, researchers will be able to more effectively target materials with technologically significant properties. This Progress Report presents recent advances in topochemical reaction strategies as applied to perovskite and perovskite‐related compounds. Emphasis is placed on structural modifications and corresponding variations in properties. Additionally, the future prospects of this approach to the rational design of intricate target compounds are discussed.
Chimpanzee oil‐palm use in southern Cantanhez National Park, Guinea‐Bissau
Authors: Sousa Joana , Barata André V. , Sousa Cláudia , Casanova Catarina C. N. , Vicente Luís 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCantanhez National Park in southern Guinea‐Bissau is a mosaic of forest, mangrove, savanna, and agricultural fields, with a high prevalence of oil‐palm trees (Elaeis guineensis). It hosts many different animal species, including the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus). Very little is known about the ecology of chimpanzees inhabiting this area. The main aims of this study were to evaluate chimpanzee nesting behavior, define trends of habitat use, and estimate chimpanzee density in four separate forests by applying the marked nest counts methodology. From the 287 new nests counted, 92% were built in oil‐palm trees with a significantly higher frequency of nests in the forest edge than in forest cores. Differences in nest detection rates were observed in the four monitored forests, with two forests being more important for chimpanzee's nesting demands. The number of nests documented in the forests seemed to be correlated with the frequency of other signs of chimpanzee activity. Although chimpanzees selected nests on the forest edge, they were most frequently observed in forest core areas. Constraints associated with estimating chimpanzee density through oil‐palm nest counting are discussed. Am. J. Primatol. 73:485–497, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Das Tn‐Antigen – strukturell einfach und biologisch komplex
Authors: Ju Tongzhong , Otto Vivianne I. , Cummings Richard D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDie Glycoproteine tierischer Zellen enthalten vielfältige Glycanstrukturen, die co‐ und/oder posttranslational an die Proteine angeheftet werden. Mehr als zwanzig verschiedene Bindungsarten von Glycanen an Proteine sind bekannt, doch sind N‐Glycane (gebunden an Asn) und O‐Glycane (gebunden an Ser/Thr) die häufigsten. Ein abnormes O‐Glycan, das bei Krebs und anderen menschlichen Erkrankungen auftritt, ist das Tn‐Antigen. Es hat eine einfache Struktur, bestehend aus einem N‐Acetyl‐D‐galactosamin, das α‐glycosidisch an einen Serin‐ oder Threoninrest gebunden ist. Das Tn‐Antigen war eines der ersten Glycokonjugate, die chemisch synthetisiert wurden. Es wird normalerweise von einer spezifischen Galactosyltransferase, der T‐Synthase, im Golgi‐Apparat modifiziert. Die Expression aktiver T‐Synthase hängt vom molekularen Chaperon Cosmc ab, dessen Gen auf dem X‐Chromosom liegt. Genmutationen, die die Funktion von T‐Synthase, Cosmc oder anderen an der O‐Glycosylierung beteiligten Faktoren beeinträchtigen, können zur Expression des Tn‐Antigens führen. Da dieses bei einer Reihe von Krankheiten auftritt, besteht großes Interesse, es für die Entwicklung von Impfstoffen und anderen therapeutischen Ansätzen zu nutzen.
Applications of transition metal complexes containing aminophosphine ligand to transfer hydrogenation of ketones
Authors: Aydemir Murat , Baysal Akın , Turgut Yılmaz 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHydrogen transfer reduction processes are attracting increasing interest from synthetic chemists in view of their operational simplicity. Reaction of [Ph2PNHCH2‐C4H3S] with [Ru(η6‐benzene)(µ‐Cl)Cl]2, [Rh(µ‐Cl)(cod)]2 and [Ir(η5‐C5Me5)(µ‐Cl)Cl]2 gave a range of new monodendate complexes [Ru(Ph2PNHCH2‐C4H3S)(η6‐benzene)Cl2], 1, [Rh(Ph2PNHCH2‐C4H3S)(cod)Cl], 2, and [Ir(Ph2PNHCH2‐C4H3S)(η5‐C5Me5)Cl2], 3, respectively. All new complexes were fully characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods. 1H31P NMR, 1H13C HETCOR or 1H1H COSY correlation experiments were used to confirm the spectral assignments. 1–3 are suitable catalyst precursors for the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone derivatives. Notably [Ru(Ph2PNHCH2‐C4H3S)(η6‐benzene)Cl2], 1, acts as an excellent catalyst, giving the corresponding alcohols in 98–99% yields in 30 min at 82 °C (TOF ≤200 h−1) for the transfer hydrogenation reaction in comparison to analogous rhodium or iridium complexes. This transfer hydrogenation is characterized by low reversibility under these conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Masochism in political behavior: a Lacanian perspective
Authors: Kovacevic Filip 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to offer an explanation of masochism in political behavior using the concepts developed by the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. For the purposes of this paper, masochism in political behavior is defined as any political behavior in which the protagonists willingly pursue self‐directed pain and suffering in order to accomplish their political goals. It involves the self‐chosen endangerment of one's life and liberty and thus includes a whole range of contemporary behaviors, from hunger strikes and suicide bombers to the old “escape from freedom” phenomena now on the rise even in the established democracies. Lacan's basic thesis is that masochistic behavior is an effort on the part of the subject to establish law‐giving structures where there were none before. In other words, the masochist's sacrifice is a provocative attempt to carve out an autonomous space in the political environment whose structure does not allow it. This is why the masochist's “victories” will by necessity be temporary and will require constant repetition. Lasting changes in political structures necessitate other types of behavior. In order to provide evidence for this thesis, I will present two detailed case studies. One will explore the issue of masochism in the Russian political culture based on the studies by Daniel Rancour‐Laferriere. The second case study will be based on my own research and first‐hand experiences as an active participant in the political life of Montenegro. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Taking computer vision aloft – archaeological three‐dimensional reconstructions from aerial photographs with photoscan
Authors: Verhoeven Geert 
Published: January 2011

AbstractStructure from motion (SFM) algorithms are known for their ability to reconstruct a sparse point cloud of scenes that were imaged by a series of overlapping photographs. When complemented by stereo‐matching algorithms, detailed three‐dimensional models can be built from such photograph collections in a fully automated way. Since 2010, a computer vision software package called PhotoScan has been available from the Russian manufacturer AgiSoft LLC. Even though the programme has a straightforward and simple interface, state‐of‐the‐art SFM and other computer vision algorithms are implemented that enable PhotoScan to generate very dense and accurate three‐dimensional meshes of various (archaeological) settings captured in two‐dimensional imagery. Using a mixture of archaeological case studies, it will be shown that this low‐cost application produces excellent results from aerial imagery in a minimum of time with almost no effort needed. Because of its solid and uncomplicated operation, it looks like this application could become an essential part of the aerial archaeologist's toolkit. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteoglycan‐induced arthritis and recombinant human proteoglycan aggrecan G1 domain–induced arthritis in BALB/c mice resembling two subtypes of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Glant Tibor T. , Radacs Marianna , Nagyeri Gyorgy , Olasz Katalin , Laszlo Anna , Boldizsar Ferenc , Hegyi Akos , Finnegan Alison , Mikecz Katalin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a simplified and relatively inexpensive version of cartilage proteoglycan–induced arthritis (PGIA), an autoimmunity model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to evaluate the extent to which this new model replicates the disease parameters of PGIA and RA.MethodsRecombinant human G1 domain of human cartilage PG containing “arthritogenic” T cell epitopes was generated in a mammalian expression system and used for immunization of BALB/c mice. The development and progression of arthritis in recombinant human PG G1–immunized mice (designated recombinant human PG G1–induced arthritis [GIA]) was monitored, and disease parameters were compared with those in the parent PGIA model.ResultsGIA strongly resembled PGIA, although the clinical symptoms and immune responses in mice with GIA were more uniform than in those with PGIA. Mice with GIA showed evidence of stronger Th1 and Th17 polarization than those with PGIA, and anti‐mouse PG autoantibodies were produced in different isotype ratios in the 2 models. Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) antibodies were detected in both models; however, serum levels of IgG‐RF and anti‐CCP antibodies were different in GIA and PGIA, and both parameters correlated better with disease severity in GIA than in PGIA.ConclusionGIA is a novel model of seropositive RA that exhibits all of the characteristics of PGIA. Although the clinical phenotypes are similar, GIA and PGIA are characterized by different autoantibody profiles, and the 2 models may represent 2 subtypes of seropositive RA, in which more than 1 type of autoantibody can be used to monitor disease severity and response to treatment.
Density measurement algorithm for freeway segment using two point detectors
Authors: Lee Chungwon , Lee Jung‐Beom , Kim Minsung 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDensity is the most important congestion indicator among fundamental traffic flow variables—flow, speed, and density. Measuring density by aerial monitoring, although accurate, cannot be widely used because of its cost and dependency on weather. The conventional method, estimating density based on the relationship between traffic flow and speed as measured by a point detector, does not yield an accurate density value, because the flow is not homogeneous. A new and advanced density measurement method, which is based on the in‐out counting method, is proposed. This method uses average density instead of instantaneous density. By using two point detectors, this method can capture considerable variation in density and is accurate for single and multilane freeway segments. Establishing the number of floating vehicles necessary to obtain a fair approximation of the true density is for future research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasonication on a microfluidic chip to lyse single and multiple Pseudo‐nitzschia for marine biotoxin analysis
Authors: Wu Chunsheng , Lillehoj Peter B. , Sabet Leyla , Wang Ping , Ho Chih‐Ming 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe present a microfluidic platform, which provides a simple and efficient means for handling and processing Pseudo‐nitzschia, a neurotoxin‐producing marine algae. Currently, analyzing the production of such toxins is complicated by multiple environmental factors and high variability among individual Pseudo‐nitzschia species. To address this issue, we developed a device that can precisely trap single and multiple cells for subsequent lysis to extract relevant intracellular molecules. Our results show a cell trapping efficiency of up to 96%, which is achieved by hydrodynamic flow focusing. Additionally, complete cell lysis via ultrasonication can be accomplished within a few seconds. This platform can be applied to other algae and non‐algae cell types with minimal modification, thus providing a valuable tool for studying biological intracellular mechanisms at the single and multi‐cell level.
Modular bioreactor for primary human hepatocyte culture: Medium flow stimulates expression and activity of detoxification genes
Authors: Vinci Bruna , Duret Cédric , Klieber Sylvie , Gerbal‐Chaloin Sabine , Sa‐Cunha Antonio , Laporte Sylvain , Suc Bertrand , Maurel Patrick , Ahluwalia Arti , Daujat‐Chavanieu Martine 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDown‐regulation of detoxification genes, notably cytochrome P450 (CYPs), in primary hepatocyte cultures is a long‐standing and major concern. We evaluated the influence of medium flow in this model. Hepatocytes isolated from 12 different liver donors were cultured either in a multichamber modular bioreactor (MCmB, flow rate 250–500 μL/min) or under standard/static conditions, and the expression of 32 genes, enzyme activities and biological parameters were measured 7–21 days later. mRNA expression of genes involved in xenobiotic/drug metabolism and transport, including CYP1A1, 1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 3A4 (and activities for some of them), UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, UGT2B4, UGT2B7, glutathione S‐transferase (GSTα), and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and MRP2, were specifically up‐regulated by medium flow as compared with static controls in all cultures tested. In 2‐week‐old cultures, expression of detoxification genes reached levels close to or higher than those measured in freshly isolated hepatocytes. In contrast, CYP2D6 and most of other tested genes were not affected by medium flow. We conclude that medium flow specifically interferes with, and up‐regulates, the activity of xenosensors and/or the expression of detoxification genes in primary human hepatocytes. Down‐regulation of detoxification genes in conventional (static) cultures is therefore partly a consequence of the absence of medium circulation.
Cellular uptake of Poly‐(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles synthesized through solvent emulsion evaporation and nanoprecipitation method
Authors: XIONG Sijing , Zhao Xinxin , Heng Boon Chin , Ng Kee Woei , Loo Joachim Say‐Chye 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPoly‐(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles have been widely studied for drug delivery. The aim of this study is to determine how cellular uptake of these nanoparticles is influenced by different surface properties, incubation time, particle concentration and cell types. Spherical coumarin‐6 loaded PLGA nanoparticles with a size of about 100 nm were synthesized through solvent emulsion evaporation and nanoprecipitation methods. In vitro cellular uptake efficiency was determined using human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS‐2B) and murine monocyte‐derived macrophage (RAW264.7) cells. PLGA nanoparticles were incubated with these cells in a concentration range of 10‐300 μg/ml for different time periods. The results show that cellular uptake decreased for nanoparticles surface coated with PVA surfactant and was especially limited for severely aggregated particles. At higher particle concentration, the total amount of particles taken up by cells increased while the uptake efficiency decreased. In addition, cells could take up more particles with longer incubation time, although the uptake rate decreased gradually with time. Finally, RAW264.7 cells show increased uptake compared to BEAS‐2B cells. The information drawn from this study would provide important clues on how nanomaterials interact with cells and how these interactions can influence biocompatibility or toxicity.
Tropane Alkaloids from Erythroxylum caatingaePlowman
Authors: de Oliveira Steno L. , Tavares Josean F. , Branco Marianna V. S. Castello , Lucena Hellane F. S. , Barbosa‐Filho José M. , de F. Agra Maria , do Nascimento Silene C. , dos S. Aguiar Jaciana , da Silva Teresinha G. , de Simone Carlos A. , de Araújo‐Júnior João X. , da Silva Marcelo S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThree tropane alkaloids, 1–3, were isolated from Erythroxylum caatingae, i.e., 6β‐benzoyloxy‐3α‐[(4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]tropane (1), a new tropane alkaloid, along with the known alkaloids 3α,6β‐dibenzoyloxytropane (2) and 6β‐benzoyloxy‐3α‐[(3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]tropane (catuabine B; 3). Their structures were determined by 2D‐ (1H and 13C) NMR. By LC/ESI‐MS/MS analysis of the fractions of alkaloids 1–3, it was possible to detect five more alkaloids, 4–8, two of these, 4 and 8, possibly being new natural products. X‐Ray crystallography of the chloride derivate of 1, i.e., 6β‐benzoyloxy‐3α‐(4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxybenzoyloxy)tropane hydrochloride (1a) confirmed the structure of 1. Cytotoxicity was tested against the cell lines HEp‐2, NCI‐H292, and KB for the MeOH extract and alkaloid 3, and antitumor activity was tested against Sarcoma 180 only for the MeOH extract.
Comparison of the Chemical Composition and the Organoleptic Profile of Virgin Olive Oil from Two Wild and Two Cultivated Tunisian Olea europaea
Authors: Dabbou Samia , Dabbou Sihem , Selvaggini Roberto , Urbani Stefania , Taticchi Agnese , Servili Maurizio , Hammami Mohamed 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWith the aim to select new olive cultivars with superior physical and chemical properties than the cultivar Chemlali Sfax, the present study focused on the comparison of the chemical composition and the sensory profile of the virgin olive oils (VOOs) of two wild olive trees (Oleasters K and M) with those of VOOs obtained from Chemlali Sfax and Neb Jmel olive cultivars, all growing in the coastal region of Tunisia. Despite the variability in the chemical composition (fatty acids, pigments, and phenolic and volatile compounds) and the organoleptic profile of the VOOs of the oleasters and the cultivars, the quality indices (free fatty acids, peroxide value, and spectrophotometric indices K232 and K270) as well as the fatty acid composition of all VOOs studied met the commercial standards. Both the α‐tocopherol and phenol contents varied between the genotypes. The Neb Jmel and Oleaster K VOOs had more than two times higher total phenol levels than the Chemlali Sfax and Oleaster M VOOs. Also the contents of volatile compounds differed between the olive oils studied. Chemlali Sfax and Oleaster K oils were more abundant in aldehydes, whereas Oleaster M VOO had higher contents of alcohols. These results were confirmed by a sensorial analysis showing that the later oil was deprived for consumption despite its abundance in α‐tocopherol. In conclusion, the oleasters studied revealed to be interesting, since they produced oils with good quality characteristics in terms of minor compounds (phenols and volatiles) compared to the Chemlali Sfax cultivar.
The Structure of Layered Covalent‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Lukose Binit , Kuc Agnieszka , Heine Thomas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCovalent‐Organic Frameworks (COFs) are a new family of 2D and 3D highly porous and crystalline materials built of light elements, such as boron, oxygen and carbon. For all 2D COFs, an AA stacking arrangement has been reported on the basis of experimental powder XRD patterns, with the exception of COF‐1 (AB stacking). In this work, we show that the stacking of 2D COFs is different as originally suggested: COF‐1, COF‐5, COF‐6 and COF‐8 are considerably more stable if their stacking arrangement is either serrated or inclined, and layers are shifted with respect to each other by ∼1.4 Å compared with perfect AA stacking. These structures are in agreement with to date experimental data, including the XRD patterns, and lead to a larger surface area and stronger polarisation of the pore surface.