bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagonalization procedure for scaled boundary finite element method in modeling semi‐infinite reservoir with uniform cross‐section
Authors: Li S. M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTo improve the ability of the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) in the dynamic analysis of dam–reservoir interaction problems in the time domain, a diagonalization procedure was proposed, in which the SBFEM was used to model the reservoir with uniform cross‐section. First, SBFEM formulations in the full matrix form in the frequency and time domains were outlined to describe the semi‐infinite reservoir. No sediments and the reservoir bottom absorption were considered. Second, a generalized eigenproblem consisting of coefficient matrices of the SBFEM was constructed and analyzed to obtain corresponding eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Finally, using these eigenvalues and eigenvectors to normalize the SBFEM formulations yielded diagonal SBFEM formulations. A diagonal dynamic stiffness matrix and a diagonal dynamic mass matrix were derived. An efficient method was presented to evaluate them. In this method, no Riccati equation and Lyapunov equations needed solving and no Schur decomposition was required, which resulted in great computational costs saving. The correctness and efficiency of the diagonalization procedure were verified by numerical examples in the frequency and time domains, but the diagonalization procedure is only applicable for the SBFEM formulation whose scaling center is located at infinity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The clinical management of hemophilia and head trauma: A survey of current clinical practice among pediatric hematology/oncology physicians
Authors: Witmer Char M. , Manno Catherine S. , Butler Regina B. , Raffini Leslie J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundDetermining the appropriate evaluation for a pediatric patient with hemophilia and head trauma is a diagnostic challenge with no neuroimaging guidelines and limited clinical evidence to direct care.ProcedureA questionnaire, with two case scenarios, was emailed to members of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. The case scenarios involved asymptomatic toddlers with severe hemophilia who had either fallen from a height (case 1) or from standing (case 2). Respondents were asked to select from six management options. The case scenarios were then altered to include: a large palpable hematoma, prophylactic factor infusion 24 hr prior, the trauma occurred 48 hr prior, wearing a soft helmet, or emesis.ResultsThe completed response rate was 23% (252/1,077). Computed tomography (CT) was selected by 68.9% (#1) and 56.4% (#2) of respondents. In both case scenarios the presence of a palpable bruise resulted in a statistically significant increase in CT usage to 83.7% and 82.8% (P < 0.001). The use of prophylaxis did not result in a statistically significant decrease in CT usage. Duration of factor replacement was variable ranging from 1 to 4 days.ConclusionPhysician self reported management of pediatric patients with hemophilia and head trauma is diverse. The use of CT imaging for mild head trauma in patients without signs or symptoms of intracranial hemorrhage was very common. The use of prophylaxis did not reduce the use of head CT imaging. This variation in clinical practice demonstrates the lack of evidence regarding the management of head trauma in patients with hemophilia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:406–410. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A remarkable difference in the deprotonation steps of the Friedel–Crafts acylation and alkylation reactions
Authors: Yamabe Shinichi , Yamazaki Shoko 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFriedel–Crafts acylation and alkylation reactions were investigated using density functional theory calculations. The reaction systems studied were (benzene + acetyl chloride + Al2Cl6 (or AlCl3)) and (benzene + 2‐chloropropane + Al2Cl6). In the acylation reaction, the acylium ion intermediate is reached either via a MeC(Cl)OAl2Cl6 complex or via direct Cl transfer: MeC(O)ClAl2Cl6 → MeCO⌉+Al2Cl. The ion adds to benzene electrophilically to form a Wheland intermediate containing a strong CHCl hydrogen bond, which leads to deprotonation and the subsequent formation of acetophenone. The resulting HClAl2Cl6 fragment is subjected to a nucleophilic attack by the carbonyl oxygen of the acetophenone, and recovery of the Al2Cl6 bridge is unlikely. Attack of the Al2Cl6 moiety by MeC(Cl)O gives the complex MeC(Cl)O–AlCl3, whose reactivity toward acylation is similar to that of the MeC(Cl)O–Al2Cl6 complex. In the alkylation reaction, deprotonation does not take place, but rather a [1,2] H‐shift from the Wheland intermediate. The resulting α‐protonated cumene undergoes deprotonation, with subsequent recovery of the Al2Cl6 bridge. In addition, the Al2Cl6‐catalyzed isomerization of the n‐propyl to the isopropyl cation was found to be a dyotropic shift. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene expression profile of primary prostate epithelial and stromal cells in response to sulforaphane or iberin exposure
Authors: Chambers Karen F. , Bacon James R. , Kemsley E. Katherine , Mills Robert D. , Ball Richard Y. , Mithen Richard F. , Traka Maria H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDBroccoli consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) derived from glucosinolates that accumulate in broccoli are dietary compounds that may mediate these health effects. Sulforaphane (SF, 4‐methylsulphinylbutyl ITC) derives from heading broccoli (calabrese) and iberin (IB, 3‐methylsulphinypropyl ITC) from sprouting broccoli. While there are many studies regarding the biological activity of SF, mainly undertaken with cancerous cells, there are few studies associated with IB.METHODSPrimary epithelial and stromal cells were derived from benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue. Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 whole genome arrays were used to compare global gene expression between these cells, and to quantify changes in gene expression following exposure to physiologically appropriate concentrations of SF and IB. Ontology and pathway analyses were used to interpret results. Changes in expression of a subset of genes were confirmed by real‐time RT‐PCR.RESULTSGlobal gene expression profiling identified epithelial and stromal‐specific gene expression profiles. SF induced more changes in epithelial cells, whereas IB was more effective in stromal cells. Although IB and SF induced different changes in gene expression in both epithelial and stromal cells, these were associated with similar pathways, such as cell cycle and detoxification. Both ITCs increased expression of PLAGL1, a tumor suppressor gene, in stromal cells and suppressed expression of the putative tumor promoting genes IFITM1, CSPG2, and VIM in epithelial cells.CONCLUSIONThese data suggest that IB and SF both alter genes associated with cancer prevention, and IB should be investigated further as a potential chemopreventative agent. Prostate 69: 1411–1421, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
C/EBPβ regulates metastatic gene expression and confers TNF‐α resistance to prostate cancer cells
Authors: Kim Myoung H. , Minton Alena Z. , Agrawal Vikas 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDCCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is a transcription factor and consists of three isoforms, transcription‐activating A/B (C/EBPβ‐AB) and transcription inhibitory C (C/EBPβ‐C). We previously reported that C/EBPβ‐C was predominantly expressed in hormone‐dependent LNCaP cells, while C/EBPβ‐AB forms were predominant in hormone‐independent prostate cancer (HI‐PCa) cells.METHODSReporter gene analysis was performed to investigate transcriptional activity of C/EBPβ on metastatic gene expression upon TNF‐α treatment. NF‐κB activation and C/EBPβ protein upregulation were determined by immunoblotting. WST assay was used to determine the role of C/EBPβ in TNF‐α‐induced cell death.RESULTSWe first determined that the C/EBPβ‐C overexpression or siRNA‐mediated C/EBPβ depletion decreased TNF‐α‐induced promoter activities of Bfl‐1, IL‐6, and IL‐8 genes. IL‐6 and IL‐8 are autocrine growth factors of HI‐PCa cells and Bfl‐1 is an anti‐apoptotic protein whose function in prostate cancer is yet to be determined. Secondly, we determined differential regulation of C/EBPβ by TNF‐α. In DU‐145 cells, C/EBPβ was upregulated by TNF‐α, but downregulated in LNCaP cells, although NF‐κB was activated in both cells. This result suggested cell‐type specific activation of signaling pathways leading to C/EBPβ upregulation, which was distinct from that leading to NF‐κB activation. Most importantly, C/EBPβ depletion decreased cell growth and sensitized DU‐145 cells to TNF‐α‐induced cell death. Conversely, overexpression of C/EBPβ‐A in LNCaP cells increased resistance to TNF‐induced cell death and TNF‐induced promoter activities of IL‐6 and Bfl‐1.CONCLUSIONOur study, for the first time, demonstrated that C/EBPβ regulated cell growth and conferred TNF‐α resistance to PCa cells, in part, via regulation of metastatic gene expression. Prostate 69: 1435–1447, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies on thermodynamic properties of III–V compounds by first‐principles response‐function calculation
Authors: Wang Shaoqing 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe temperature dependences of the Grüneisen parameter, heat capacity, bulk modulus and linear thermal expansion coefficient of sixteen III–V zincblende compounds are studied by first‐principles response‐function calculations. The fundamental relationships among these physical parameters are explored. Negative thermal expansions at lower temperature are found in most of these III–V phases except for the nitrides and boron compounds. By analyzing the cell‐volume dependences of the phonon spectrum, it is found that the phases with a negative thermal expansion show a significant acoustic phonon weakening at the X‐point in their phonon dispersion, while slight weakening is only seen around the L‐point for those boron phases. There is no sign of phonon weakening in the nitrides. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Negative ion fragmentations of deprotonated peptides. The unusual case of isoAsp: a joint experimental and theoretical study. Comparison with positive ion cleavages
Authors: Andreazza Hayley J. , Wang Tianfang , Bagley Christopher J. , Hoffmann Peter , Bowie John H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe following peptides have been examined in this study: GLDFG(OH), caeridin 1.1 [GLLDGLLGLGGL(NH2)], 11 Ala citropin 1.1 [GLFDVIKKVAAVIGGL(NH2)], Crinia angiotensin [APGDRIYVHPF(OH)] and their isoAsp isomers. It is not possible to differentiate between Asp‐ and isoAsp‐containing peptides (used in this study) using negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry. This is because the isoAsp residue cleaves to give the same fragment anions as those formed by δ and γ backbone cleavage of Asp. The isoAsp fragmentations are as follows: RNHCH(CO2H)−CHCONHR′ → [RNH−(HO2CCHCHCONHR′)] → RNH−+HO2CCHCHCONHR′ and RNHCH(CO2H)−CHCONHR′ → [RNH−(HO2CCHCHCONHR′] → −O2CCHCHCONHR′+RNH2. Calculations at the HF/6‐31+G(d)//AM1 level of theory indicate that the first of these isoAsp cleavage processes is endothermic (by +115 kJ mol−1), while the second is exothermic (−85 kJ mol−1). The barrier to the highest transition state is 42 kJ mol−1. No diagnostic cleavage cations were observed in the electrospray mass spectra of the MH+ ion of the Asp‐ and isoAsp‐containing peptides (used in this study) to allow differentiation between these two amino acid residues. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust impedance control of a hydraulic suspension system
Authors: Fateh Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA novel robust impedance control approach is developed to control dynamic behavior of a vehicle subject to road disturbances. This behavior is predetermined as an impedance rule to achieve passenger comfort and vehicle handling by the use of a hydraulically actuated suspension system. Impedance control law is simple, free of model and efficient to apply for a broad range of road conditions. Moreover, it relates comfort to handling. This control approach can provide a desired comfort when passing a bump, and both desired comfort and handling after passing a bump. Robust position and force controls are used to implement the robust impedance control with the presence of uncertainties. A transformed proportional–integral–derivative control is proposed to perform the robust control. The system stability is analyzed and analytical results are confirmed by simulations. A quarter‐car model of suspension system and a nonlinear model of hydraulic actuator are used to simulate the control system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An extended enterprise architecture for a network‐enabled, effects‐based approach for national park protection
Authors: Schuck Tod M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThreats to the national parks in the United States are many and varied. These range from climate changes, animal/fish population cycle variations, invasive species introduction, and cultural affects of indigenous peoples to problems associated with natural disasters, oil spills, land development, and criminal enterprises. The U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service (NPS) has issued a Natural Resource Challenge to pursue the preservation of the many diverse national parks in all 50 states and U.S. territories. According to the NPS National Park Service Action Plan for preserving natural resources, a focused methodology is necessary to achieve this challenge. By investigating the Wrangell‐St. Elias National Park and Preserve (WRST) in Southeastern Alaska as a specific illustration of a complex U.S. national park environment, this paper proposes a solution for national park protection in the 21st century via the application of a network‐enabled effects‐based requirements approach married with a well‐defined extended enterprise architecture. The interconnection of planning systems, monitoring sensors, visualization tools, and other information sources will allow for knowledge instantiation and quick reaction to national park threats. This paper further discusses some command systems in use by U.S. forestry agencies and the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) that could be used to form an initial realization of a network‐enabled, effects‐based approach to national park protection. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
Complexes of Crown Ether‐Containing N‐Phosphorylated Thioamides and Thioureas with CoII, ZnII and PdII Cations
Authors: Safin Damir A. , Babashkina Maria G. , Sokolov Felix D. , Baranov Sergey V. , Hahn F. Ekkehardt , Pape Tania 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe reaction of the potassium salts of N‐phosphorylated thioureas [4′‐benzo‐15‐crown‐5]NHC(S)NHP(Y)(OiPr)2 (Y = S, HLI; Y = O, HLII) with ZnII and CoII cations in aqueous EtOH leads to complexes of formulae Zn(LI,II‐S,Y)2 (Y = S, 1; Y = O, 2) and Co(LI‐S,S′)2 (3), while interaction of the potassium salt of N‐phosphorylated thioamide [4′‐benzo‐15‐crown‐5]C(S)NHP(O)(OiPr)2 (HLIII) with ZnII in the same conditions leads to the complex Zn(HLIII)(LIII‐S,O)2 (4). The reaction of the potassium salt of crown ether‐containing N‐phosphorylated bis‐thiourea N,N′‐[C(S)NHP(O)(OiPr)2]2‐1,10‐diaza‐18‐crown‐6 (H2L) with CoII, ZnII and PdII cations in anhydrous CH3OH leads to complexes M2(L‐O,S)2 (M = Co, 5; Zn, 6; M = Pd, 7). Thioamide HLIII was investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Synthesis and Characterization of LnF(HF)(BF4)2 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, and Dy), and Crystal Structures of LnF(HF)(BF4)2 (Ln = Pr, Nd) and La(BF4)3
Authors: Mazej Zoran , Goreshnik Evgeny , Hironaka Kohei , Katayama Yasushi , Hagiwara Rika 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRare earth trifluorides (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, and Dy) react with boron trifluoride in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (aHF) at room temperature. Products were found to be only sparingly soluble in aHF where the solubility decreases from lanthanum to dysprosium. After an excess of BF3 and aHF were pumped away at ambient temperature, LnF(HF)(BF4)2 type of compounds were isolated. Single crystals of LnF(HF)(BF4)2 (Ln = Pr, Nd) and La(BF4)3 were grown for 3–5 months from solutions of LnF3 (Ln = La, Pr) and Nd2O3 in aHF under pressure of BF3 (4 bar). Structures consist from the zig‐zag [–Ln–F–Ln–] (Ln = Pr, Nd) chains connected via BF4 units and HF molecules into tridimensional network. The Ln–F(Ln) distances are significantly shorter [2.2489(6) Å for Pr and 2.234(1) Å for Nd] than Ln–F(BF4–) and Ln–F(HF) ones [Pr: 2.461(4)–2.528(5) Å, Nd : 2.446(7)–2.511(9) Å]. In La(BF4)3, the lanthanum atoms are coordinated by nine fluorine atoms with seven shorter La–F distances [2.410(2)–2.485(2) Å] and two elongated ones [2.600(2) Å]. The vibrational spectra of isolated rare earth tetrafluoroborates show strong deviations of the [BF4]– anions from ideal Td symmetry. Because of the strong cation‐anion interactions, the splittings of the anion vibrational modes are observed indicating rather covalent character of the bonding between LnF3 and BF3.
Can we use statins to prevent stroke in Fabry disease?
Authors: Politei J. M. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryFabry disease is a rare, X‐linked lysosomal storage disease caused by an inborn deficiency of α‐galactosidase A, which results in the progressive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other neutral glycolipids in a range of cells and tissues. In association with the renal and cardiac insufficiency, cerebrovascular complications can result in the death of the patients. Several mechanisms causing vascular damage that leads to the development of deep‐white matter lesions have been described. Recent clinical trials strongly suggest that statins protect against stroke by neuroprotective properties or pleiotropic effects. Aim: To evaluate evidence and potential beneficial effects of statins in the vasculopathy of Fabry disease.
Intimate partner violence and contraception use among women in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Alio Amina P. , Daley Ellen M. , Nana Philip N. , Duan Jingyi , Salihu Hamisu M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the association between contraceptive use and intimate partner violence (IPV) in Sub‐Saharan African women.MethodThe data analyzed were from national Demographic Health Surveys conducted between 2003 and 2006 in 6 Sub‐Saharan African countries: Cameroon, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Women of childbearing age completed surveys regarding the use of contraception and about their experience of physical, emotional, and sexual violence inflicted by their partners. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression.ResultsOf the 24 311 women who responded to the violence modules, 39.8% reported that they had experienced IPV. Women who had experienced IPV were significantly more likely to report that they had used contraception compared with women who had not experienced IPV (odds ratio 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–1.38).ConclusionIntimate partner violence appears to be associated with increased contraception use in the African setting. Among women who have experienced IPV, modern contraception is used more commonly than traditional and folkloric contraceptive methods.
Population biology of Callinectes danae and Callinectes sapidus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Portunidae) in the south-western Atlantic
Authors: Pereira Mário José , Branco Joaquim Olinto , Christoffersen Martin Lindsey , Freitas Felipe , Fracasso Hélio Augusto Alves , Pinheiro Tuane Cristine 
Published: June 2009

The capture of crabs of the genus Callinectes is one of the oldest extractive activities practised by waterside communities, due to the abundance of brachyurans along the Brazilian coast. The present paper aimed to provide basic information on the population biology of C. sapidus and C. danae during the period of December 2003 to November 2004, in Babitonga Bay, Joinville, Santa Catarina. The size of the first maturation of C. danae was estimated as 7.1 cm in total carapace width for females, and as 8.6 cm for males. Fecundity of the 20 females of C. danae with carapace width from 7.0 to 11.0 cm varied from 618,667 to 811,267 eggs. Fecundity of C. sapidus was higher, with a median of 978,000 eggs per female, but carapace widths in this species were also larger, with the highest frequency of females attaining 19.01 cm on average. In both species, a tendency was observed for the egg mass to increase with size of females. The capture per unit of effort presented the lowest values in summer, while the largest values occurred from March, August and November. A total of 80 males and 117 females of C. sapidus were captured in the four collecting areas, with the largest abundances in Area III (45.18%), followed by Areas II, IV and I. The size of the first maturation of C. sapidus was estimated as 10.2 cm for females and as 9.0 cm for males. Fishing effort was in relative equilibrium for adult stock (males = 58.75% and females = 52.99%) and juveniles (males = 41.25% and females = 47.01%). The largest monthly rates of biomass of C. sapidus occurred from April to November, with a peak of capture in August, without significant differences in the participation of males and females.
Influence of growth and reproductive cycle on the meat yield and proximate composition of Hexaplex trunculus (Gastropoda: Muricidae)
Authors: Vasconcelos P. , Gaspar M.B. , Castro M. , Nunes M.L. 
Published: June 2009

This study aimed to assess the influence of growth and reproductive cycle on the meat yield and proximate composition of the banded murex (Hexaplex trunculus) from the Ria Formosa lagoon (Algarve coast, southern Portugal). Samples of the edible portion (all soft-body tissues) were analysed monthly during one year. The average meat yield was 37.9±4.6%, with females containing more edible content (39.1±4.7%) than males (36.8±4.2%). The proximate composition comprised 70.7±1.4% moisture, 20.1±1.2% protein, 1.6±0.3% fat, 3.0±0.3% ash, and 4.6±1.2% carbohydrate, corresponding to an energetic value of 119.2±7.5 kcal/100 g wet weight. The meat yield was influenced by specimen size, increasing significantly during growth. Both meat yield and proximate composition presented seasonal fluctuations related to the reproductive cycle, which coincided mainly with the periods of maturation and spawning of this species in the Ria Formosa. Finally, H. trunculus meat yield and proximate composition were compared with similar information available for other marine gastropods.
Cytokine expression in dogs with naturalLeishmania infantuminfection
Authors: PANARO M. A. , BRANDONISIO O. , CIANCIULLI A. , CAVALLO P. , LACASELLA V. , PARADIES P. , TESTINI G. , DE CAPRARIIS D. , MITOLO V. , OTRANTO D. 
Published: June 2009

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to evaluate cytokine expression in 22Leishmania infantumnaturally infected dogs, in order to correlate this parameter with the clinical status of infected animals. After 4 and 8 months from the first diagnosis ofLeishmaniainfection, clinical and laboratory examination of dogs was performed and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated. The cytokine profile was analysed in terms of IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in cultured PBMC by a semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. Thirteen out of 22Leishmania-infected dogs remained asymptomatic in the follow-up, while 9 showed clinical signs of leishmaniasis. IL-4, IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma mRNA levels were not significantly different in asymptomatic compared to symptomatic animals 4 months from the diagnosis ofLeishmaniainfection, but were significantly higher in symptomaticversusasymptomatic dogs after 8 months from diagnosis. In addition, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNA levels significantly increased only in symptomatic dogs at 8 months, in comparison to the levels found at 4 months. These results show a mixed Th1 and Th2 cytokine response inLeishmania-infected dogs, with higher cytokine expression in dogs with manifest clinical disease, during the second follow-up after 8 months from the first diagnosis of infection.