bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new approach for linking event‐based upland sediment sources to downstream suspended sediment transport
Authors: Gao Peng , Puckett James 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIn this study, we proposed a new approach for linking event sediment sources to downstream sediment transport in a watershed in central New York. This approach is based on a new concept of spatial scale, sub‐watershed area (SWA), defined as a sub‐watershed within which all eroded soils are transported out without deposition during a hydrological event. Using (rainfall) event data collected between July and November, 2007 from several SWAs of the studied watershed, we developed an empirical equation that has one independent variable, mean SWA slope. This equation was then used to determine event‐averaged unit soil erosion rate, QS/A, (in kg/km2/hr) for all SWAs in the studied watershed and calculate event‐averaged gross erosion Eea (in kg/hr). The event gross erosion Et (in kilograms) was subsequently computed as the product of Eea and the mean event duration, T (in hours) determined using event hydrographs at the outlet of the studied watershed. Next, we developed two linear sediment rating curves (SRCs) for small and big events based on the event data obtained at the watershed outlet. These SRCs, together with T, allowed us to determine event sediment yield SYe (in kilograms) for all events during the study period. By comparing Et with SYe, developing empirical equations (i) between Et and SYe and (ii) for event sediment delivery ratio, respectively, we revealed the event dynamic processes connecting sediment sources and downstream sediment transport. During small events, sediment transport in streams was at capacity and dominated by the deposition process, whereas during big events, it was below capacity and controlled by the erosion process. The key of applying this approach to other watersheds is establishing their empirical equations for QS/A and appropriately determining their numbers of SWAs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human brain changes across the life span: A review of 56 longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies
Authors: Hedman Anna M. , van Haren Neeltje E.M. , Schnack Hugo G. , Kahn René S. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThere is consistent evidence that brain volume changes in early and late life. Most longitudinal studies usually only span a few years and include a limited number of participants. In this review, we integrate findings from 56 longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on whole brain volume change in healthy individuals. The individual longitudinal MRI studies describe only the development in a limited age range. In total, 2,211 participants were included. Age at first measurement varied between 4 and 88 years of age. The studies included in this review were performed using a large range of methods (e.g., different scanner protocols and different acquisition parameters). We applied a weighted regression analysis to estimate the age dependency of the rate of relative annual brain volume change across studies. The results indicate that whole brain volume changes throughout the life span. A wave of growth occurs during childhood/adolescence, where around 9 years of age a 1% annual brain growth is found which levels off until at age 13 a gradual volume decrease sets in. During young adulthood, between ∼18 and 35 years of age, possibly another wave of growth occurs or at least a period of no brain tissue loss. After age 35 years, a steady volume loss is found of 0.2% per year, which accelerates gradually to an annual brain volume loss of 0.5% at age 60. The brains of people over 60 years of age show a steady volume loss of more than 0.5%. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these plastic brain changes may contribute to distinguishing progressive brain changes in psychiatric and neurological diseases from healthy aging processes. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Establishment of VCA and EBNA1 IgA‐based combination by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay as preferred screening method for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a two‐stage design with a preliminary performance study and a mass screening in southern China
Authors: Liu Yue , Huang Qihong , Liu Wanli , Liu Qing , Jia Weihua , Chang Ellen , Chen Feng , Liu Zhiwei , Guo Xiang , Mo Haoyuan , Chen Jinou , Rao Dongping , Ye Weimin , Cao Sumei , Hong Minghuang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA two‐stage study was conducted in southern China to determine and validate an optimal combination of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐related seromarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) screening. In the first stage, six seromarkers [VCA‐IgA, EA‐IgA, Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1‐IgA), EBNA1‐IgG, Zta‐IgA and Rta‐IgG] were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and two traditional NPC screening seromarkers (VCA‐IgA and EA‐IgA) were detected by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) in serum samples from 191 NPC patients and 337 controls. An optimal combination of seromarkers for NPC diagnosis was selected using logistic regression models. Results showed that the diagnostic performances of VCA‐IgA and EA‐IgA tested by ELISA were superior to the performances of the same seromarkers by IFA. VCA‐IgA combined with EBNA1‐IgA by ELISA was identified as the optimal combination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) up to 0.97, a sensitivity of 95.3% and a specificity of 94.1% for classification of NPCs vs. controls. In the second stage, 5,481 participants aged 30–59 years and without clinical evidence of NPC were recruited into a population‐based NPC screening program from May 2008 to February 2009 in Sihui City, China. Their sera were tested simultaneously by both the new and the traditional screening schemes and eight early stage NPC patients were subsequently histopathologically confirmed. The traditional and the new screening schemes had comparable specificity (estimated as 98.5%), but the sensitivity of the new scheme (75.0%) was significantly higher than that of the traditional one (25.0%). The combination of VCA‐IgA and EBNA1‐IgA by ELISA outperforms the traditional NPC screening scheme and could become the preferred serodiagnostic strategy for NPC screening in high‐incidence areas.
Pannexin 3 is a novel target for Runx2, expressed by osteoblasts and mature growth plate chondrocytes
Authors: Bond Stephen R , Lau Alice , Penuela Silvia , Sampaio Arthur V , Underhill T Michael , Laird Dale W , Naus Christian C 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Pannexins are a class of chordate channel proteins identified by their homology to insect gap junction proteins. The pannexin family consists of three members, Panx1, Panx2, and Panx3, and the role each of these proteins plays in cellular processes is still under investigation. Previous reports of Panx3 expression indicate enrichment in skeletal tissues, so we have further investigated this distribution by surveying the developing mouse embryo with immunofluorescence. High levels of Panx3 were detected in intramembranous craniofacial flat bones, as well as long bones of the appendicular and axial skeleton. This distribution is the result of expression in both osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Furthermore, the Panx3 promoter contains putative binding sites for transcription factors involved in bone formation, and we show that the sequence between bases −275 and −283 is responsive to Runx2 activation. Taken together, our data suggests that Panx3 may serve an important role in bone development, and is a novel target for Runx2-dependent signaling. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Electrochemical Detection of Catechol on Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode Modified with Au/TiO2 Nanorod Composite
Authors: Wei Min , Liu Yong , Gu Zhong‐Ze , Liu Zhong‐Dong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAu/TiO2 nanorod composites with different ratios of [TiO2]:[Au] have been prepared by chemically reducing AuCl4‐ on the positively charged TiO2 nanorods surface and used to modify boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. The electrochemical behaviors of catechol on the bare and different Au/TiO2 nanorod composites‐modified BDD electrodes are studied. The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that these different Au/TiO2 nanorod composites‐modified BDD electrodes can enhance the electrocatalytic activity toward catechol detection, as compared with the bare BDD electrode. Among these different conditions, the Au/TiO2‐BDD3 electrode (the ratio of [TiO2]:[Au] is 27:1) is the most choice for catechol detection. The electrochemical response dependences of the Au/TiO2‐BDD3 electrode on pH of solution and the applied potential are studied. The detection limit of catechol is found to be about 1.4 × 10‐6 M in a linear range from 5 × 10‐6 M to 200 × 10‐6 M on the Au/TiO2‐BDD3 electrode.
Infrared heat aided solid state synthesis of pyrroles from 1,4‐diketones and ammonium acetate
Authors: Zhang Chun , Wang Jian , Li Jing‐Hua 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA facile amination of 1,4‐diketones with ammonium acetate has been achieved by mechanochemical grinding assisted by infrared irradiation in the presence of silica gel. The wastes are reduced and the energy resources saved. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
Influence of house‐staff experience on teaching‐hospital mortality: The “July Phenomenon” revisited
Authors: van Walraven Carl , Jennings Alison , Wong Jenna , Forster Alan J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The “July Phenomenon” refers to a purported worsening of outcomes in teaching‐hospital patients with the arrival of new, inexperienced house‐staff. Previous quantitative studies of new house‐staff and increased mortality have been limited primarily by a focused patient population and the use of limited data to adjust for severity of patient illness.METHODS:We included all medicine, surgical, and obstetrical patients admitted to a teaching hospital in Ontario, Canada between April 15, 2004 and December 31, 2008. We calculated the ratio of observed to expected weekly number of deaths in hospital. The expected number of deaths was calculated using a validated, discriminative, and well‐calibrated multivariate survival model. Collective house‐staff experience was modeled from a minimum on July 1st to a maximum on June 30th using five distinct patterns.RESULTS:We studied 259,748 encounters that included 164,318 people. The mortality rate was 3.0%. The ratio of observed to expected number of weekly deaths was not associated with collective house‐staff experience, irrespective of the pattern in which it was modeled. The lack of association between risk of death in hospital and house‐staff experience did not vary by admission type (urgent vs elective) or specialty (medicine vs surgery).CONCLUSION:At our hospital, we found no association between the arrival of new house‐staff and the adjusted risk of death in hospital. These data, along with the results of the vast majority of previous studies in this field, make the existence of the “July Phenomenon” for inpatient mortality extremely unlikely. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
Development and validation of a gas chromatography‐mass spectrometric method for the determination of sildenafil and desmethyl‐sildenafil in whole blood
Authors: Papoutsis Ioannis , Nikolaou Panagiota , Athanaselis Sotirios , Alevizopoulos Giorgos , Pistos Constantinos , Paraskevopoulou Christina , Spiliopoulou Chara 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSildenafil (SDL) is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor and it is approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. SDL is extensively metabolized to its pharmacologically active metabolite, desmethyl‐sildenafil (DSDL). A sensitive and specific GC/MS method for the determination of SDL and DSDL in whole blood was developed and validated to support therapeutic drug monitoring of SDL patients. The combination of solid‐phase extraction with derivatization using BSTFA with 1% TMCS in acetonitrile efficiently reduced matrix effect and improved sensitivity of the method. In this assay, protriptyline was used as internal standard for both analytes. The LODs were 1.50 and 5.00 ng/mL for SDL and DSDL, respectively, whereas the respective LOQs were 5.00 and 15.0 ng/mL. The calibration curves were linear up to 500.0 ng/mL (SDL: R2 0.992, DSDL: R2 0.990). Absolute recovery values for both analytes ranged from 83.1 to 93.2%. Within‐ and between‐batch accuracy was less than 11.8 and 10.2%, respectively, whereas within‐ and between‐batch precision was less than 8.1 and 10.8%, correspondingly. The developed method is suitable for the determination of SDL and DSDL concentrations in blood samples obtained from patients under Viagra® treatment, for pharmacokinetic studies or for the investigation of related forensic cases.
Silicon microring resonators
Authors: Bogaerts W. , De Heyn P. , Van Vaerenbergh T. , De Vos K. , Kumar Selvaraja S. , Claes T. , Dumon P. , Bienstman P. , Van Thourhout D. , Baets R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn overview is presented of the current state‐of‐the‐art in silicon nanophotonic ring resonators. Basic theory of ring resonators is discussed, and applied to the peculiarities of submicron silicon photonic wire waveguides: the small dimensions and tight bend radii, sensitivity to perturbations and the boundary conditions of the fabrication processes. Theory is compared to quantitative measurements. Finally, several of the more promising applications of silicon ring resonators are discussed: filters and optical delay lines, label‐free biosensors, and active rings for efficient modulators and even light sources.
Putting the Kappa Statistic to Use
Authors: Nichols Thomas R , Wisner Paola M , Cripe Gary , Gulabchand Lakshmi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractInter‐rater assessments of agreement are an essential criterion in the subjective evaluation of product quality. When assessments among raters demonstrate evidence of a lack of agreement (partial or total), there is a need to identify the source of disagreement. The objective being the reduction or mitigation of the influence different raters have on the assessment and the achievement of consistency among raters. The less influence that raters have on the assessment, the more confident one is in making critical to quality decisions. However, situations do exist in which user perceptions can be unreliable (not repeatable) and demonstrate poor correlation with engineered specifications. Quality management teams must be aware of this. When such situations exist, it is advisable to revisit the voice of the process as a reliable function of specification. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptation of a particle filtering method for data assimilation in a 1D numerical model used for fog forecasting
Authors: Rémy S. , Pannekoucke O. , Bergot T. , Baehr C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCOBEL‐ISBA, a boundary‐layer 1D numerical model, has been developed for the very‐short‐term forecasting of fog and low clouds. This forecast system assimilates local observations to produce initial profiles of temperature, specific humidity and liquid water content. As fog forecasting is a threshold problem, the model is strongly nonlinear.A new assimilation method based on a genetic selection particle filter was tested to produce the initial conditions. The particle filter was adapted for a deterministic forecast and to take into account the time dimension by minimizing the error on a time window. A simplified particle filter was also used to determine the initial conditions in the soil. The filter was tested with two sets of simulated observations. In all cases, the initial conditions produced by this algorithm were of considerably better quality than the ones obtained with a Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE). The forecast of the control variables and of fog events was also improved. When comparing scores with the ones obtained with an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), the particle filter showed better performances for most of the cases. The ensemble size impacted the frequency of filter collapse and the quality of the initial temperature and specific humidity profiles in the lower part of the domain. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Neurohumoral and haemodynamic profile in postural tachycardia and chronic fatigue syndromes
Authors: Okamoto Luis E. , Raj Satish R. , Peltier Amanda , Gamboa Alfredo , Shibao Cyndya , Diedrich André , Black Bonnie K. , Robertson David , Biaggioni Italo 
Published: September 2011

Several studies recognized an overlap between CFS (chronic fatigue syndrome) and POTS (postural tachycardia syndrome). We compared the autonomic and neurohormonal phenotype of POTS patients with CFS (CFS–POTS) to those without CFS (non-CFS–POTS), to determine whether CFS–POTS represents a unique clinical entity with a distinct pathophysiology. We recruited 58 patients with POTS, of which 47 were eligible to participate. A total of 93% of them reported severe fatigue [CIS (Checklist of Individual Strength), fatigue subscale &gt;36], and 64% (n=30) fulfilled criteria for CFS (CFS–POTS). The prevalence of CFS symptoms (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria) was greater in the CFS–POTS group, but the pattern of symptoms was similar in both groups. Physical functioning was low in both groups (RAND-36 Health Survey, 40±4 compared with 33±3; P=0.153), despite more severe fatigue in CFS–POTS patients (CIS fatigue subscale 51±1 compared with 43±3; P=0.016). CFS–POTS patients had greater orthostatic tachycardia than the non-CFS–POTS group (51±3 compared with 40±4 beats/min; P=0.030), greater low-frequency variability of BP (blood pressure; 6.3±0.7 compared with 4.8±1.0 mmHg2; P=0.019), greater BP recovery from early to late phase II of the Valsalva manoeuvre (18±3 compared with 11±2 mmHg; P=0.041) and a higher supine (1.5±0.2 compared with 1.0±0.3 ng/ml per·h; P=0.033) and upright (5.4±0.6 compared with 3.5±0.8 ng/ml per h; P=0.032) PRA (plasma renin activity). In conclusion, fatigue and CFS-defining symptoms are common in POTS patients. The majority of them met criteria for CFS. CFS–POTS patients have higher markers of sympathetic activation, but are part of the spectrum of POTS. Targeting this sympathetic activation should be considered in the treatment of these patients.
The Multiple Contributions of Phytochromes to the Control of Internode Elongation in Rice
Authors: Iwamoto Masao , Kiyota Seiichiro , Hanada Atsushi , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Takano Makoto 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAlthough phyAphyBphyC phytochrome-null mutants in rice (Oryza sativa) have morphological changes and exhibit internode elongation, even as seedlings, it is unknown how phytochromes contribute to the control of internode elongation. A gene for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO1), which is an ethylene biosynthesis gene contributing to internode elongation, was up-regulated in phyAphyBphyC seedlings. ACO1 expression was controlled mainly by phyA and phyB, and a histochemical analysis showed that ACO1 expression was localized to the basal parts of leaf sheaths of phyAphyBphyC seedlings, similar to mature wild-type plants at the heading stage, when internode elongation was greatly promoted. In addition, the transcription levels of several ethylene- or gibberellin (GA)-related genes were changed in phyAphyBphyC mutants, and measurement of the plant hormone levels indicated low ethylene production and bioactive GA levels in the phyAphyBphyC mutants. We demonstrate that ethylene induced internode elongation and ACO1 expression in phyAphyBphyC seedlings but not in the wild type and that the presence of bioactive GAs was necessary for these effects. These findings indicate that phytochromes contribute to multiple steps in the control of internode elongation, such as the expression of the GA biosynthesis gene OsGA3ox2, ACO1 expression, and the onset of internode elongation.
Late Eocene–Pliocene basin evolution in the Eastern Cordillera of northwestern Argentina (25°–26°S): regional implications for Andean orogenic wedge development
Authors: Carrapa Barbara , Bywater‐Reyes Sharon , DeCelles Peter G. , Mortimer Estelle , Gehrels George E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractImportant aspects of the Andean foreland basin in Argentina remain poorly constrained, such as the effect of deformation on deposition, in which foreland basin depozones Cenozoic sedimentary units were deposited, how sediment sources and drainages evolved in response to tectonics, and the thickness of sediment accumulation. Zircon U‐Pb geochronological data from Eocene–Pliocene sedimentary strata in the Eastern Cordillera of northwestern Argentina (Pucará–Angastaco and La Viña areas) provide an Eocene (ca. 38 Ma) maximum depositional age for the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation. Sedimentological and provenance data reveal a basin history that is best explained within the context of an evolving foreland basin system affected by inherited palaeotopography. The Quebrada de los Colorados Formation represents deposition in the distal to proximal foredeep depozone. Development of an angular unconformity at ca. 14 Ma and the coarse‐grained, proximal character of the overlying Angastaco Formation (lower to upper Miocene) suggest deposition in a wedge‐top depozone. Axial drainage during deposition of the Palo Pintado Formation (upper Miocene) suggests a fluvial‐lacustrine intramontane setting. By ca. 4 Ma, during deposition of the San Felipe Formation, the Angastaco area had become structurally isolated by the uplift of the Sierra de los Colorados Range to the east. Overall, the Eastern Cordillera sedimentary record is consistent with a continuous foreland basin system that migrated through the region from late Eocene through middle Miocene time. By middle Miocene time, the region lay within the topographically complex wedge‐top depozone, influenced by thick‐skinned deformation and re‐activation of Cretaceous rift structures. The association of the Eocene Quebrada del los Colorados Formation with a foredeep depozone implies that more distal foreland deposits should be represented by pre‐Eocene strata (Santa Barbara Subgroup) within the region.
High resolution melting analysis for detection of BRAF exon 15 mutations in hairy cell leukaemia and other lymphoid malignancies
Authors: Boyd Elaine M. , Bench Anthony J. , van ‘t Veer Mars B. , Wright Penny , Bloxham David M. , Follows George A. , Scott Mike A. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe BRAF V600E mutation has recently been described in all cases of hairy cell leukaemia (HCL). We have developed and validated a rapid and sensitive high‐resolution melting analysis (HRMA) assay that detects BRAF exon 15 mutations when hairy cells are as low as 5–10% in a sample. All 48 HCL patients were positive for the BRAF V600E mutation, while 114 non‐HCL cases were all V600E negative. Interestingly, we detected a novel BRAF D594N mutation in one patient with multiple myeloma. The HRMA assay offers a useful tool to aid the laboratory diagnosis of HCL.