bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on the potential of NCF thermoplastic composites for use in aeronautic structural applications
Authors: Pantelakis Spiros , Katsiropoulos Christos , Meyer Bernd 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
An investigation on the behavior of four new non-crimp fabric (NCF) composite materials developed by using the thermoplastic resin polyetheretherketone (PEEK) was performed with the aim to assess their potential for producing structural airframe parts of the required quality at reduced cost. In this framework, the mechanical behavior as well as the hot forming behavior of the materials developed was experimentally investigated. In addition, the draping behavior of the NCFs was experimentally evaluated to assess their suitability for being exploited in composite component manufacturing technologies involving direct lay-up processes. To better understand the behavior observed, both C-scan ultrasonic and optical microscopy analyses were performed. Furthermore, a complete series of tests was also carried out for the thermoplastic composite APC-2/AS4 to obtain a reference for comparison. The results of the test have shown that the mechanical properties of thermoplastic NCFs compare well with the respective properties of the reference material. Furthermore, the promising results of the hot forming tests support the expectation of using thermoplastic NCF composites in aircraft structural parts. Finally, the improved drapeability of the NCF material allows for a direct lay-up in a curved form tool. In conclusion, the developed thermoplastic NCF composites show a clear potential to compete with the established aeronautical prepreg material APC-2/AS4.
Electromagnetic response of polymer composites with quasi-spherical nanocarbon inclusions: theory below the percolation threshold
Authors: Kuzhir Polina , Paddubskaya Alesya , Bychanok Dzmitry , Slepyan Gregory , Maksimenko Sergey , Macutkevic Jan , Seliuta Dalius , Valusis Gintaras , Banys Juras , Kuznetsov Vladimir , Moseenkov Sergey , Shenderova Olga , Lambin Philippe 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe linear electromagnetic response of polymer composite with nanocarbon inclusions was modeled for a random multi-component system with particles and clusters of different shape and size. The results of the generalized effective medium Maxwell-Garnett theory below the percolation threshold demonstrate good coincidence with the experimental data for onion-like carbon-based polyurethane composites collected in a quasi-static regime (at 129 Hz) in a broad temperature range.
Processing and characterization of titanium dioxide composites from vegetable oil resource
Authors: Sithique Mohamed Aboobucker 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
TiO2 filled bio-based composites were prepared from epoxidized soy bean oil and Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A, in which the nano TiO2 particles were dispersed using ultra sonication method. Composites prepared with 1, 3, 5 and 7 weight percent level (wt%) of TiO2 particles were characterized for their thermal properties such as glass transition temperature and degradation stability. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that thermal stability of the composites increases up to 5 wt% addition of TiO2; thereafter it follows a decreasing trend, since the increased amount of nano sized particles makes it difficult for dispersion. The glass transition temperature of the composites was improved considerably. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) further confirms the restricted chain mobility of the composites upon reinforcement. The significant improvements in mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength were achieved on reinforcement. The wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) studies show that the nanoparticles are exfoliated in the soy based epoxy matrix system. The morphological behavior of composites studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the compatibility between the matrix and nanoparticles. The results showed that adding nano sized TiO2 particles can improve the properties of thermal, mechanical, compatibility and water resistance of these renewable resource based epoxy matrices suitable for engineering applications.
Polythiophene composites: a review of selected applications
Authors: Bobade Rajeshwar S. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Conducting polymers (CPs) provide a class of processible, film forming semiconductors and metals. Electrical and optical properties of CPs, similar to those of metals and semiconductors, and the attractive properties associated with conventional polymers such as ease of synthesis and processing, has given these polymers a wide range of applications in the microelectronics industry, in biological field and also as humidity, chemical and mechanical sensors. The principal interest in the use of polymers lies in the scope for low cost manufacturing. Organic polymers offer several advantages over analogous inorganic semiconductors, the most important of which are the processability and the large surface film technology together with the possibility of tuning the polymer properties through a chemical design of the constituent units. In contrast, problems of environmental stability and the inability to process these into useful devices constitute the main drawbacks of organic materials. To set a material suitable for applications in various technological fields one has to improve the processability, mechanical strength and environmental stability of the polyheterocycles: one method adopted to do this is synthesizing the composites of conducting polymers within a matrix of insulating polymers. In this paper, the science of conducting polymers will be discussed. A review from literature on selected applications of organic devices based on conducting polythiophene and its composites will be discussed with a view to targeting the areas of future research in this topic.
Study on the effect of processing conditions on the impact strength of PP/SEBS/PC ternary blends using Taguchi experimental analysis
Authors: Jazani Omid Moini , Arefazar Ahmad , Jafari Seyyed Hassan , Saeb Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
In this study, nine ternary blends of polypropylene (PP)/poly [styrene-b-(ethylene-co butylene)-b-styrene] tri-block copolymer (SEBS)/polycarbonate (PC) were produced at different processing conditions through twin screw extruder. Accordingly, die temperature, screw speed, and blending sequences were altered based on L9 Taguchi experimental design as indications of processing variables. Consequently, the impact strength of each produced sample is considered as the responding variable. Analyzing two important aspects, namely main and interactive effects by using Taguchi analysis, was the especial point of view in our contribution; as a result, not only was the PP/SEBS/PC ternary system studied for the first time, but the SEBS-g-MAH compatibilizer also showed sufficient effects on morphology development. It was observed that the impact strength of PP/SEBS/PC ternary blends is not affected by die temperature significantly, whereas screw speed and blending sequence have had effective impacts. Besides, the optimum processing condition, which is proportional to the highest value of impact strength, is recommended through the mentioned ternary blends. These results are also confirmed while applying image analysis on morphology micrographs.
Mechanical and thermal properties of polymer micro- and nanocomposites
Authors: Picken Stephan J. , Korobko Alexander V. , Mendes Eduardo , Norder Ben , Makarova Veronika V. , Vasilyev Gleb B. , Karbushev Valeriy V. , Tolstykh Mariya Yu. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
We have analyzed the thermal conductivity and the tensile modulus of composite materials within the framework of the Halpin-Tsai and Lewis-Nielsen models. The parameter linking thermal conductivity and tensile modulus together is the shape factor of the (nano)filler. Model analysis based on experimental data shows that particle aggregation into a weak mechanical network may be required to achieve good correlation between thermal conductivity and the Young’s modulus when analyzing the data within the framework of a single model and requiring the same value of the shape factor. We believe this approach will make quantitative analysis of nanocomposite thermal properties possible.
Microfluidic biochip injection moulded using a patterned SU-8/Si mould insert
Authors: Singh Akanksha , Robert Laurent , Michel Gérard , Khan-Malek Chantal 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
This paper presents the adaptation of a conventional injection moulding process to manufacture microfluidic components in thermoplastic polymers using alternative, exchangeable microstructured silicon-based mould inserts. The mould inserts consist of thick silicon wafers with microfeatures patterned in SU-8 epoxy photo-resist. This process allows changing the mould inserts according to the design, very easily and cost-effectively. The SU-8/Si mould inserts were robust enough to manufacture small series for laboratory purpose. More than a hundred replicas in thin polypropylene (PP) were produced successfully for a biochip designed for protein crystallisation and analysis.
Modifications of polymers by additives and irradiations and their characterizations
Authors: De Udayan 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Polymer properties are often engineered in desired directions by additives or by irradiations or by both. However, in space and certain other applications, energetic particles or γ-rays may damage the polymeric parts in undesired directions, needing prior radiation damage studies for necessary precautions. Case studies of three completely different polymer-additive composites follow: (1) shielding electromagnetic interference (EMI) by different composites of a polymeric binder, (2) electrical, thermal, mechanical (Young’s Modulus, Y) and positron lifetime (PL) characterizations of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), and (3) determination of total free volume and hole size by pressure-volume-temperature (P-V-T) and positron lifetime techniques, respectively, in two types of polymers. One type consists of complexes of poly-(ethylene oxide), PEO, with a suitable salt, PEO-salt SPEs. The other type consists of silica-filled and pure varieties of poly(dimethyl siloxane), PDMS. Melting point and glass transition temperature of these polymers have been determined from PL techniques as well as from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Electrical contact problem has been addressed by measuring impedance as a function of pressure, p, and then extracting p=0 values of impedance and Young’s Modulus. These illustrative measurements have been carried out for better characterization of the polymers. DSC thermogram showed that radiation induced changes of melting point of PEO-salt samples are in opposite directions for 160 MeV Ne6+ion and 1.25 MeV γ-ray irradiations. This interesting feature hints at different mechanisms of radiation damage in two cases.
Experimental investigations and optimization of processibility of sheet moulding compound
Authors: Babu Bhaskara J.C. , Waigaonkar Sachin , Rajput Amit 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Sheet moulding compound (SMC) is a combination of glass fibers and filled polyester resin. It is processed by a compression moulding process and finds extensive applications in structural, automotive, electrical and electronic industries. The compression moulding process is characterized by the flow behavior of SMC under heat and pressure in the press mould. This paper is focused on the prediction of ideal processibility conditions of SMC. The qualitative aspect of a properly thickened (matured) moulding compound could be seen from its tack-free nature, which was quantitatively calibrated in terms of penetration depth, measured by a specially constructed softness indicator. The weight (wt)% of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as filler, magnesium oxide (MgO) as thickener, graphite (C) and zinc stearate [Zn (C18H35O2)2] (ZnSt) as lubricants along with the maturation time (Tm) were selected as process variables. Taguchi’s scheme of experimental design was adapted to perform the experiments. It was found that the higher levels of MgO and CaCO3 were favorable for a good penetration depth as well as a reduced maturation time. We have also found that a penetration depth of at least 5 mm was required for achieving good processability conditions of SMC. An optimization study was under taken to find the right blend of additives and fillers, at their minimal weights and in the least possible maturation time, to achieve the desired processability. This study is particularly useful in a production run to make moulded parts from SMC.
Psychiatric Knowledge and Skills Required of Occupational Physicians: Priorities in the Japanese Setting
Authors: Tsutsumi Akizumi , Maruyama Takashi , Nagata Masako 
Published: August 2011

Psychiatric Knowledge and Skills Required of Occupational Physicians: Priorities in the Japanese Setting: Akizumi Tsutsumi, et al. Occupational Health Training Center, University of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Japan—ObjectiveTo prioritize the educational content in psychiatry teaching materials for occupational physicians.MethodsA preparatory investigation was performed that included interviews with 13 psychiatrists who were well acquainted with occupational health and practices. Brainstorming among the psychiatrists and 12 occupational physicians was used to develop a list of educational content related to psychiatric issues that should be required for occupational physicians. Using a questionnaire survey constructed based on the preparatory investigations, 135 specialists with extensive experience in occupational medicine were asked to prioritize the selected items.ResultsA total of 67 specialists responded to the questionnaire. The following were recommended as high educational priorities for occupational physicians to master: awareness and diagnosis of mood disorders, being able to appropriately deal with depressed workers, screening for depression, understanding cases that should be referred for special treatment, appropriate action for a suicidal person, understanding symptoms that require cooperation in an emergency with a specialist, acquisition of the attitude and skills used in active listening and awareness of diseases such as alcohol dependence, adjustment disorders and schizophrenia.ConclusionsWhat has been presented here is a consensus view of specialists in this ield. The items included were those obtained from sitting in on the discussions of psychiatrists and occupational physicians. They represent indicators for the development of teaching materials.
Association between Job Stress and Newly Detected Combined Dyslipidemia among Chinese Workers: Findings from the SHISO Study
Authors: Xu Weixian , Hang Juan , Gao Wei , Zhao Yiming , Cao Tingting , Guo Lijun 
Published: August 2011

Association between Job Stress and Newly Detected Combined Dyslipidemia among Chinese Workers: Findings from the SHISO Study: Weixian Xu, et al. Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, China—ObjectivesPrevious studies examining the association between job stress and blood lipids have produced mixed indings. We sought to investigate the association between job stress and bloodlipids among Chinese workers.MethodsA total of 544 subjects (367 men and 177 women) without known diseases from the Stress and Health in Shenzhen Workers (SHISO) cross‐sectional study were analyzed. Job stress was evaluated by the effort‐reward imbalance (ERI) model. The associations between job stress and blood lipids, such as for total cholesterol (TCHO),triglycerides (TG), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL‐C) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL‐C), were explored by multiple linear regression. The association between job stress and combined dyslipidemia was examined by multiple logistic regression.ResultsCompared with their corresponding low level groups, groups with high levels of effort, overcommitment and ERI had a significantly increased risk of combined dyslipidemia with adjusted odd ratios (ORs) of 3.5 (95% CI 1.8–6.7), 4.2 (95% CI 2.3–7.7)and 2.7 (95% CI 1.5–5.1), respectively, whereas high rewards significantly reduced the risk of combined dyslipidemia (adjusted OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.6)compared with low rewards. Effort, overcommitment and ERI were significantly positively related to TG and LDL‐C, while rewards were inversely related to them. No significant associations were observed between job stress and TCHO and HDL‐C. The results were similar for men and women.ConclusionsEffort, overcommitment, low reward and ERI increased the risk of dyslipidemia among Chinese workers, and they were significantly associated with TG and LDL‐C rather than TCHO or HDL‐C. Increasing blood lipids may be the possible link between job stress and coronary heart disease.
Changes in Craniocervical and Trunk Flexion Angles and Gluteal Pressure during VDT Work with Continuous Cross‐legged Sitting
Authors: Lee Jung‐Hoon , Park Se‐Yeon , Yoo Won‐Gyu 
Published: August 2011

Changes in Craniocervical and Trunk Flexion Angles and Gluteal Pressure during VDT Work with Continuous Cross‐legged Sitting: Jung‐Hoon Lee, et al. Department of Physical Therapy, Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital and Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Inje University, Republic of Korea—ObjectivesThis study investigated changes in craniocervical and trunk lexion angles and gluteal pressure on both sides during visual display terminal (VDT) work with continuous cross‐legged sitting.MethodsThe gluteal pressures of ten VDTworkers, who were recruited from laboratories, were measured using a Teckscan system and videotaped using a single video camera to capture the craniocervical and trunk lexion angles during VDT work at 30 s, 10, 20 and 30 min.ResultsThe craniocervical angle was significantly increased at 10 and 20 mincompared with the initial angle (p<0.05). The trunk lexion angle was significantly decreased at 30 s, 10, 20 and 30 min (p<0.05). The gluteal pressure of the crossed‐leg side significantly increased at 30 s, 10 and 20 min (p<0.05). The gluteal pressure of the uncrossedleg side significantly decreased at 30 s (p<0.05).ConclusionWe found that cross‐legged sitting during VDT work may exert disadvantageous postural effects resulting from craniocervical and trunk lexion angles and gluteal pressure. Therefore, this posture could not be recommended during long‐term VDT work.
The Psychology of Patient Compliance: A Focused Review of the Literature
Authors: Umaki Tracie M. , Umaki Michael R. , Cobb Charles M. 
Published: August 2011

Background: Excellent patient compliance to periodontal maintenance is absolutely necessary for successful long‐term therapy. However, absolute (100%) compliance is rare, having been reported as low as 16%. Although social, behavioral, cultural, and economic factors have been implicated as determinants in patterns of compliance, the influence of personality characteristics on attitudes remains to be carefully explored. This focused review of the literature explores current research addressing psychologic factors associated with compliance to periodontal maintenance therapy.Methods: A literature search of PubMed electronic database was conducted, inclusive of the years 1990 to 2011. The search used MeSH terminology such as periodontal maintenance, emotional intelligence, personality, patient compliance, etc. In addition, searches were conducted of reference lists from original research and review articles. Studies were assessed with respect to methodology and design, statistical analysis, and psychologic measurements.Results: Non‐compliant patients appear to have a higher frequency of stressful life events. Studies suggest that initial patient response to periodontal therapy may be related to emotional intelligence. Regarding personality factors, high neuroticism and low conscientiousness are most widely associated with non‐compliance. As such, increased knowledge of the “Big Five” personality factors (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) could assist clinicians in potentially increasing compliance among patients. Clinicians could also incorporate a working knowledge of the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior to develop individualized treatment strategies for patient compliance.Conclusion: Non‐compliance to periodontal maintenance cannot be solely explained by one determinant but rather may involve an individual's health beliefs, emotional intelligence, psychologic stressors, and personality traits.
Changes in Altitude Cause Unintended Insulin Delivery From Insulin Pumps
Authors: King Bruce R. , Goss Peter W. , Paterson Megan A. , Crock Patricia A. , Anderson Donald G. 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE
Children and adults with type 1 diabetes who receive insulin pump therapy have reported hypoglycemia during air travel. We studied the effects of atmospheric pressure on insulin pump delivery.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Ten insulin pumps were connected to capillary tubes. The effects of changes in ambient pressure on insulin delivery, bubble formation, bubble size, and cartridge plunger movement were analyzed.

RESULTS
During a flight (200 mmHg pressure decrease), excess insulin delivery of 0.623% of the cartridge volume occurred (P &lt; 0.001, Student t test). In hypobaric chamber studies, bubbles developed in the insulin when the pressure decreased and displaced the insulin out of the cartridge. Pre-existing bubbles changed in size consistent with Boyle law. Cartridge plunger movement did not occur in normal flight conditions but did occur when catastrophic plane depressurization was mimicked.

CONCLUSIONS
Atmospheric pressure reduction causes predictable, unintended insulin delivery in pumps by bubble formation and expansion of existing bubbles.