bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation the jet stretch in PAN fiber dry‐jet wet spinning for PAN‐DMSO‐H2O system
Authors: Zeng Xiaomei , Chen Jiangmin , Zhao Jiongxin , Wu Chengxun , Pan Ding , Pan Ning 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe jet stretch of dry‐jet wet spun PAN fiber and its effects on the cross‐section shape of fibers were investigated for a PAN‐DMSO‐H2O system. Clearly, the spinning parameters, such as dope temperature, bath concentration, bath temperature, and air gap, all influenced the jet stretch. Also, under uniform conditions, the postdrawing ratio as well as that of jet stretch changed. Under given conditions, as the bath temperature was below 30°C or above 45°C, jet stretch had little effect on the cross‐sectional shapes of PAN fiber. Within the temperature of 30–45°C, fiber's cross‐section shapes change obviously from round over an approximate circular shape into to an elliptical or a flat shape. The scope of jet stretch produced PAN fiber with circular cross‐section was bigger than that in wet spinning. These results indicated that appropriate air gap height, under milder formation conditions in dry‐jet wet spinning, could result in higher jet stretch and higher postdrawing ratio. The appropriate jet stretch and postdrawing ratio could result in circular profile of PAN fiber, which were helpful to produce round PAN precursor with finer size and better properties for carbon fiber. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Bingham characteristics of polymer‐based electrorheological fluids with different electrode gaps and materials
Authors: Choi S. B. , Han Y. M. , Sohn J. W. , Choi H. J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis article presents experimental results on the influence of the electrode gap and electrode material on the Bingham characteristics of polymer‐based electrorheological (ER) fluids. An experimental apparatus adaptable to various types of electrodes was established for this investigation. Three different electrode gaps and three different electrode materials were tested. For ER fluids, a water‐based Arabic gum ER fluid and a dry‐based polyurethane ER fluid were tested. The field‐dependent yield stresses and current densities were demonstrated under various operating temperatures. In addition, time responses of the ER fluids were experimentally investigated for on–off states of an input electric field and at different operating temperatures. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Delay dependent stabilization of linear time‐varying system with time delay
Authors: Alaviani S. Sh. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper investigates both stability and stabilization dependent on the delay of a class of time‐varying linear systems with a constant point time delay. The matrices, describing the state space dynamics, are parameterized by time‐varying function matrices. A numerical example is given in order to verify the theoretical results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Further evidence that the rs1858830 C variant in the promoter region of the MET gene is associated with autistic disorder
Authors: Jackson Pamela B. , Boccuto Luigi , Skinner Cindy , Collins Julianne S. , Neri Giovanni , Gurrieri Fiorella , Schwartz Charles E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPrevious studies in three independent cohorts have shown that the rs1858830 C allele variant in the promoter region of the MET gene on chromosome 7q31 is associated with autism. Another study has found correlations between other alterations in the MET gene and autism in two unrelated cohorts. This study screened two cohorts, an Autistic Disorder cohort from South Carolina and a Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) cohort from Italy, for the presence of the C allele variant in rs1858830. A significant increase in the C allele variant frequency was found in the South Carolina Autistic Disorder patients as compared to South Carolina Controls (χ2=5.8, df=1, P=0.02). In the South Carolina cohort, a significant association with Autistic Disorder was found when comparing the CC and CG genotypes to the GG genotype (odds ratio (OR)=1.64; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.12–2.40; χ2=6.5, df=1, P=0.01) in cases and controls. In the Italian cohort, no significant association with PDD was found when comparing the CC or CG genotype to the GG genotype (OR=1.20; 95% CI=0.56–2.56; χ2=0.2, df=1, P=0.64). This study is the third independent study to find the rs1858830 C variant in the MET gene promoter to be associated with autism.
Tubular triangular mesh parameterization and applications
Authors: Wang Yimin , Zheng Jianmin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTriangular meshes are a popular geometric representation for 3D models used in computer graphics. Parameterization is a process that establishes a mapping between the surface of a model and a suitable domain. This paper considers the problem of parameterizing triangular meshes that have tubular shapes. Unlike an open mesh that is of plane topological type, a tubular mesh gives rise to some special issues in parameterization due to its mesh structure. This paper presents an edge‐based parameterization method, in which the edges rather than the vertices of the mesh are treated as the target for parameterization. It first parameterizes the edges on the two boundaries of the tubular mesh, then parameterizes the internal edges based on the mean value coordinates, and finally computes the parameters of the mesh vertices. The method does not need cutting of the mesh. It improves conventional cutting‐based algorithms, which cut the mesh to make it a disk topologically, and overcomes the problems of cutting paths that are the zigzag paths leading to suboptimal parameterizations and the difficulty in finding good cutting paths. Some applications such as surface fitting and texture mapping are also provided. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic exercise decreases cytokine production in healthy rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Lira Fábio S. , Koyama Cristiane H. , Yamashita Alex S. , Rosa José C. , Zanchi Nelo E. , Batista Miguel L. , Seelaender Marília C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSkeletal muscle is the source of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, and recently, it has been recognized as an important source of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). Acute physical exercise is known to induce a pro‐inflammatory cytokine profile in the plasma. However, the effect of chronic physical exercise in the production of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines by the skeletal muscle has never been examined. We assessed IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐10 levels in the skeletal muscle of rats submitted to endurance training. Animals were randomly assigned to either a sedentary group (S, n = 7) or an endurance exercise trained group (T, n = 8). Trained rats ran on a treadmill for 5 days week−1 for 8 weeks (60% VO2max). Detection of IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐10 protein expression was carried out by ELISA. We found decreased expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐10 (28%, 27%, 32% and 37%, respectively, p < 0.05) in the extensor digital longus (EDL) from T, when compared with S. In the soleus, IL‐1β, TNF‐α and IL‐10 protein levels were similarly decreased (34%, 42% and 50%, respectively, p < 0.05) in T in relation to S, while IL‐6 expression was not affected by the training protocol. In conclusion, exercise training induced decreased cytokine protein expression in the skeletal muscle. These data show that in healthy rats, 8‐week moderate‐intensity aerobic training down regulates skeletal muscle production of cytokines involved in the onset, maintenance and regulation of inflammation, and that the response is heterogeneous according to fibre composition. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SN2′ Reaction of Organozinc Reagents Activated by CatalytictBu‐P4 Base in the Presence of LiCl
Authors: Kobayashi Koji , Ueno Masahiro , Naka Hiroshi , Kondo Yoshinori 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThetBu‐P4 base was found to be an excellent catalyst for the activation of organozinc reagents. The base was used to promote the SN2′ reaction of α,β‐unsaturated esters bearing a γ‐chloride in the reactions with various organozinc reagents in the presence of LiCl. The reactions proceeded in high yield with excellent chemo‐and regioselectivity. The role of LiCl appears to be the activation of the γ‐chloride of the α,β‐unsaturated esters, which was confirmed by NMR spectroscopic study.
Exploring the Anion–Cation Interaction in m‐Terphenyltetrafluorosilicates by Using Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopy, X‐ray Diffraction, and ICR‐FT‐MS
Authors: Spirk Stefan , Belaj Ferdinand , Nieger Martin , Köfeler Harald , Rechberger Gerald N. , Pietschnig Rudolf 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of a series of m‐terphenyl‐substituted tetrafluorosilicates with different cations (Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ag+, Tl+) is described and the interactions between the anion and cation are investigated in the solid, solution, and gas states by using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and ion cyclotron resonance Fourier‐transform mass spectrometry (ICR‐FT‐MS). In solution, heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy parameters show only limited sensitivity to the nature of the cation, which furthermore can be affected by solvent effects. More pronounced effects are observed in the structural data obtained from X‐ray diffraction studies, which are in good agreement with experimental gas‐phase data from ESIMS. ESIMS also reveals the existence of dimeric species of the type [M(DmpSiF4)2]− (Dmp=2,6‐dimesitylphenyl), the stability of which was determined by normalized collision energy experiments.
5‐(1,2,3‐Triazol‐1‐yl)tetrazole Derivatives of an Azidotetrazole via Click Chemistry
Authors: Abe Takashi , Tao Guo‐Hong , Joo Young‐Hyuk , Winter Rolf W. , Gard Gary L. , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNC bonded (non‐bridged) 5‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)tetrazoles were synthesized by the CuI‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar azide–alkyne cycloaddition click reaction using 5‐azido‐N‐(propan‐2‐ylidene)‐1H‐tetrazole (1). For example, the click reaction of 1 in the presence of CuSO4⋅5 H2O and Na ascorbate at 65–70 °C for 48 h in CH3CN/H2O co‐solvent was found to be limited to only terminal alkynes that have electron‐withdrawing groups, CF3CCH (2 a) and SF5CCH (2 b), giving rise to isopropylidene‐[5‐(4‐trifluoromethyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)tetrazol‐1‐yl]amine (3 a) and isopropylidene‐[5‐(4‐pentafluorosulfanyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)tetrazol‐1‐yl]amine (3 b) in 47 % and 66 % yields, respectively. When carried out under conditions using CuI and 2,6‐lutidine as catalysts at 0 °C for 13 h in CHCl3, the click reaction was versatile toward alkynes even those having electron‐donating groups. Properties of new products were determined and compared with those of 1. Heats of formation, detonation pressures, detonation velocities and impact sensitivities are reported for these new 5‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)tetrazoles.
Anionic Gold(I) Complexes—Twelve‐ and Ten‐Vertex Monocarba‐closo‐borate Anions with Carbon–Gold σ Bonds
Authors: Finze Maik , Sprenger Jan A. P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe anionic gold(I) complexes [1‐(Ph3PAu)‐closo‐1‐CB11H11]− (1), [1‐(Ph3PAu)‐closo‐1‐CB9H9]− (2), and [2‐(Ph3PAu)‐closo‐2‐CB9H9]− (3) with gold–carbon 2c–2e σ bonds have been prepared from [AuCl(PPh3)] and the respective carba‐closo‐borate dianion. The anions have been isolated as their Cs+ salts and the corresponding [Et4N]+ salts were obtained by salt metathesis reactions. The salt Cs‐3 isomerizes in the solid state and in solution at elevated temperatures to Cs‐2 with ΔHiso=(−75±5) kJ mol−1 (solid state) and ΔH≠=(118±10) kJ mol−1 (solution). The compounds were characterized by vibrational and multi‐NMR spectroscopies, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The crystal structures of [Et4N]‐1, [Et4N]‐2, and [Et4N]‐3 were determined. The bonding parameters, NMR chemical shifts, and the isomerization enthalpy of Cs‐3 to Cs‐2 are compared to theoretical data.
Structural alterations of spiny stellate cells in the somatosensory cortex in ephrin‐A5‐deficient mice
Authors: Guellmar André , Rudolph Judith , Bolz Jürgen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrated that in ephrin‐A5‐deficient mice corticothalamic arbors are reduced by more than 50% in layer 4 of the somatosensory cortex (S1), where ephrin‐A5 is normally expressed. Here we examined possible consequences of the reduced thalamic input on spiny stellate cells, the target neurons of thalamocortical afferents. Using ballistic delivery of particles coated with lipophilic dyes in fixed slices and confocal laser‐microscopy, we could quantitatively analyze the morphology of these neurons. Cells were examined in S1 at postnatal day 8 (P8), when thalamic afferents establish synaptic contacts and the dendrites of their target cells are covered with filopodia, and at P23, after synapse formation and replacement of filopodia by spines. Our results indicate that at P8 the dendrites of cells in mutant animals exhibit more filopodia and are more branched than dendrites of wildtype cells. In contrast, there is no difference in the extent of the dendritic tree between knockout and control animals. At P23, dendrites of neurons in ephrin‐A5‐deficient mice are still more branched, but possess fewer spines than wildtype cells. Thus, at early stages layer 4 neurons appear to compensate the reduced thalamic input by increasing dendritic branching and the density of filopodia. However, while at later stages the dendrites of layer 4 neurons in mutants are still more branched, their spine density is now lower than in wildtype cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the structure of spiny stellate cells is shaped by thalamic input and Eph receptor signaling. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:645–654, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression profile of PTPIP51 in mouse brain
Authors: Koch P. , Viard M. , Stenzinger A. , Brobeil A. , Tag C. , Steger K. , Wimmer M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study demonstrates the expression of the novel protein protein tyrosine phophatase‐interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51) in mammalian brain tissue. Serial sections of the whole adult mouse brain were analyzed for PTPIP51 protein and mRNA by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, RT‐PCR, and in situ hybridization. Recent investigations by Yu et al. (2008) describe PTPIP51 as being capable of activating Raf‐1, thereby modulating the MAPK pathway. The role of Raf‐1, as well as of 14‐3‐3, in neurological disorders is well established. PTPIP51 expression was confined to neurons in the following structures: the piriform cortex and their connections to the anterior commissure, nucleus accumbens, paraventricular and supraoptical nuclei, neurohypophysis, superior colliculus, genu of facialis nerve, spinal trigeminal tract, inferior cerebellar peduncle, and cerebellum. In the cerebellum, a subpopulation of Purkinje cells and their dendrites was strongly PTPIP51 positive. Moreover, PTPIP51 was found to be colocalized with vasopressin and its transport protein neurophysin II in the neuroendocrine nuclei and their connections to the neurohypophysis. The data presented here suggest a role of PTPIP51 in neuronal homeostasis, axonal growth, and transport. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:892–905, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microvascular dysfunction in diabetic foot disease and ulceration
Authors: Chao Clare Y. L. , Cheing Gladys L. Y. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDiabetic foot disease and ulceration is a major complication that may lead to the amputation of the lower limbs. Microangiopathy may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of tissue breakdown in the diabetic foot. However, the precise mechanisms of this process remain unclear and poorly understood. Microvasculature in the skin is comprised of nutritive capillaries and thermoregulatory arteriovenous shunt flow. It is regulated through the complex interaction of neurogenic and neurovascular control. The interplay among endothelial dysfunction, impaired nerve axon reflex activities, and microvascular regulation in the diabetic patient results in the poor healing of wounds. Skin microvasculature undergoes both morphologic changes as well as functional deficits when parts of the body come under stress or injury. Two important theories that have been put forward to explain the abnormalities that have been observed are the haemodynamic hypothesis and capillary steal syndrome. With advances in medical technology, microvasculature can now be measured quantitatively. This article reviews the development of microvascular dysfunction in the diabetic foot and discusses how it may relate to the pathogenesis of diabetic foot problems and ulceration. Common methods for measuring skin microcirculation are also discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene expression profiles of lens regeneration and development inXenopus laevis
Authors: Malloch Erica L. , Perry Kimberly J. , Fukui Lisa , Johnson Verity R. , Wever Jason , Beck Caroline W. , King Michael W. , Henry Jonathan J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSeven hundred and thirty‐four unique genes were recovered from a cDNA library enriched for genes up‐regulated during the process of lens regeneration in the frogXenopus laevis. The sequences represent transcription factors, proteins involved in RNA synthesis/processing, components of prominent cell signaling pathways, genes involved in protein processing, transport, and degradation (e.g., the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway), matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), as well as many other proteins. The findings implicate specific signal transduction pathways in the process of lens regeneration, including the FGF, TGF‐beta, MAPK, Retinoic acid, Wnt, and hedgehog signaling pathways, which are known to play important roles in eye/lens development and regeneration in various systems. In situ hybridization revealed that the majority of genes recovered are expressed during embryogenesis, including in eye tissues. Several novel genes specifically expressed in lenses were identified. The suite of genes was compared to those up‐regulated in other regenerating tissues/organisms, and a small degree of overlap was detected. Developmental Dynamics 238:2340–2356, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wnt won the war: Antagonistic role of Wnt over Shh controls dorso‐ventral patterning of the vertebrate neural tube
Authors: Ulloa Fausto , Martí Elisa 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe spinal cord has been used as a model to dissect the mechanisms that govern the patterning of tissues during animal development, since the principles that rule the dorso‐ventral patterning of the neural tube are applicable to other systems. Signals that determine the dorso‐ventral axis of the spinal cord include Sonic hedgehog (Shh), acting as a bona fide morphogenetic signal to determine ventral progenitor identities, and members of the Bmp and the Wnt families, acting in the dorsal neural tube. Although Wnts have been initially recognized as important in proliferation of neural progenitor cells, their role in the dorso‐ventral patterning has been controversial. In this review, we discuss recent reports that show an important contribution of the Wnt canonical pathway in dorso‐ventral pattern formation. These data allow building a model by which the ventralizing activity of Shh is antagonized by Wnt activity through the expression of Gli3, a potent inhibitor of the Shh pathway. Therefore, antagonistic interactions between canonical Wnt, promoting dorsal identities, and Shh pathways, inducing ventral ones, would define the dorso‐ventral patterning of the developing central nervous system. Developmental Dynamics 239:69–76, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wnt to build a tube: Contributions of Wnt signaling to epithelial tubulogenesis
Authors: Miller Rachel K. , McCrea Pierre D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEpithelial tubes are crucial to the function of organ systems including the cardiovascular system, pulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive organ systems, excretory system, and auditory system. Using a variety of animal model systems, recent studies have substantiated the role of Wnt signaling via the canonical/β‐catenin‐mediated trajectory, the non‐canonical Wnt trajectories, or both, in forming epithelial tubular tissues. This review focuses on the involvement of the Wnt pathways in the induction, specification, proliferation, and morphogenesis involved in tubulogenesis within tissues including the lungs, kidneys, ears, mammary glands, gut, and heart. The ultimate goal is to describe the developmental processes forming the various tubulogenic organ systems to determine the relationships between these processes. Developmental Dynamics 239:77–93, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Pitx2c N‐terminal domain is a critical interaction domain required for asymmetric morphogenesis
Authors: Simard Annie , Di Giorgio Luciano , Amen Melanie , Westwood Ashley , Amendt Brad A. , Ryan Aimee K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe paired‐like homeodomain transcription factor Pitx2c has an essential role in patterning the left–right axis. However, neither its transcriptional targets nor the molecular mechanisms through which it exerts its patterning function are known. Here we provide evidence that the N‐terminal domain of Pitx2c is important for this activity. Overexpression of the Pitx2c N‐terminus in ovo randomizes the direction of heart looping, the first morphological asymmetry conserved in vertebrate embryos. In addition, the Pitx2c N‐terminal domain blocks the ability of Pitx2c to synergize with Nkx2.5 to transactivate the procollagen lysyl hydroxylase (Plod‐1) promoter in transient transfection assays. A five amino acid region containing leucine‐41 is required for both of these effects. Our data suggest that the Pitx2c N‐terminal domain competes with endogenous Pitx2c for binding to a protein interaction partner that is required for the activation of genes that direct asymmetric morphogenesis along the left–right axis. Developmental Dynamics 238:2459–2470, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
C‐terminal deletion of the atrophin‐1 protein results in growth retardation but not neurodegeneration in mice
Authors: Yu Juehua , Ying Mingyao , Zhuang Yuan , Xu Tian , Han Min , Wu Xiaohui , Xu Rener 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDentatorubral‐pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is a dominant hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a poly‐glutamine (poly‐Q) repeat in Atrophin‐1 protein. Ectopic expression of a poly‐Q expanded human Atrophin‐1 is sufficient to induce DRPLA phenotypes in mice. However, it is still unclear whether the dominant effect of poly‐Q expansion is due to the functional interference with wild‐type Atrophin‐1 proteins, which exist in both patients and transgenic mice. Here we report the generation and analysis of an Atrophin‐1 targeting allele that expresses a truncated protein lacking both the poly‐Q repeat and following C‐terminal peptides. Homozygous mutants exhibit growth retardation and progressive male infertility, but no obvious signs of neurodegeneration. Moreover, the mutant allele neither blocked nor enhanced the neurodegenerative phenotypes caused by a poly‐Q expanded transgene. These results support the model that poly‐Q expanded Atrophin‐1 proteins cause DRPLA in a manner independent of any functional interaction with wild‐type Atrophin‐1 proteins. Developmental Dynamics 238:2471–2478, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.