bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meeting subscriber‐defined QoS constraints in publish/subscribe systems
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Adnan , Koldehofe Boris , Koch Gerald G. , Khan Imran , Rothermel Kurt 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYCurrent distributed publish/subscribe systems consider all participants to have similar QoS requirements and contribute equally to the system's resources. However, in many real‐world applications, the message delay tolerance of individual participants may differ widely. Disseminating messages according to individual delay requirements not only allows for the satisfaction of user‐specific needs, but also significantly improves the utilization of the resources that participants contribute to a publish/subscribe system. In this article, we propose a peer‐to‐peer‐based approach to satisfy the individual delay requirements of subscribers in the presence of bandwidth constraints. Our approach allows subscribers to dynamically adjust the granularity of their subscriptions according to their bandwidth constraints and delay requirements. Subscribers maintain the overlay in a decentralized manner, exclusively establishing connections that satisfy their individual delay requirements, and that provide messages exactly meeting their subscription granularity. The evaluations show that for many practical workloads, the proposed publish/subscribe system can scale up to a large number of subscribers and performs robustly in a very dynamic setting. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tailor‐made JVMs for statically configured embedded systems
Authors: Stilkerich Michael , Thomm Isabella , Wawersich Christian , Schröder‐Preikschat Wolfgang 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYJava still is a rather exotic language in the field of real‐time and particularly embedded systems, eventhough it could provide productivity and especially safety and dependability benefits over the dominating language C. The reasons for the lack of acceptance of Java in the embedded world are the high resource consumption caused by the Java runtime environment and the lacking language features for low‐level programming. KESO is a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that was specifically designed for statically configured resource‐constrained embedded systems. Rather than providing a fixed subset of the Java standard functionality, KESO uses the available ahead‐of‐time knowledge to generate a Java runtime that is specifically tailored towards the particular application. A key feature of KESO is its Multi‐JVM architecture, which allows the isolated cohabitation of different applications on one hardware platform. Our evaluation uses two non‐trivial real‐time applications, a control application for a quadrotor helicopter and a collision detector, to compare the cost of an application using KESO to its C counterpart. Our results show that the resource consumption of applications developed on the base of KESO is comparable to C applications, and its mechanisms for communicating among isolated components are efficient and encourage the actual utilization of spatial isolation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The second‐generation of CdTe and CuInGaSe2 thin film PV modules
Authors: Bosio A. , Romeo A. , Menossi D. , Mazzamuto S. , Romeo N. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe state of the art of the second‐generation of solar cells based on the CdTe and CuInGaSe2 thin film technology will be described. This type of cells reached, on laboratory scale, photovoltaic conversion efficiencies respectively of 16.5% and 20.3% very close to those obtained with bulk materials. In particular, the materials, the layer sequences and deposition techniques used for the preparation of these two absorbers are described. Particular emphasis will be placed on major innovations that have enabled us to achieve high efficiencies with polycrystalline materials, showing how thin‐film technology is mature enough to be transferred to industrial production. Finally, we will discuss about a project of technology‐transfer developed at Parma University for the production of photovoltaic modules at an industrial level. In the near future, with our process, Arendi S.p.A. will reach a productivity of 18 MW/year. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High resolution spectroscopy to investigate impurity traces in YAB single crystals
Authors: Mazzera M. , Baraldi A. , Buffagni E. , Capelletti R. , Földvári I. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe work explores the feasibility of high resolution (as fine as 0.02 cm‐1) Fourier transform spectroscopy applied at 9 K in the 500‐25000 cm‐1 range to detect traces of unwanted impurities, mainly rare earths (RE3+) in crystals: the system chosen is YAl3(BO3)4 (YAB). Weak traces of RE3+ (Nd, Dy, Er, Tm, Yb), but also of Cr3+ and OH‐, were successfully monitored by comparing the spectra of YAB samples under examination with those intentionally doped with a given ion. The analysis performed on a variety of samples shows how Cr3+, Nd3+, and Yb3+ are the most frequent unwanted dopants and can provide suggestions to the crystal growers about the performances of different crystal growth lines. According to a preliminary evaluation, the Er3+ traces detection limit is as low as 1‐2×10‐4 mol% in 1 cm thick samples. The advantages of the method, which is sample non‐destructive, are discussed in comparison with those currently applied. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gd26Cluster Consisting of Distorted Cubane Cores: Synthesis, Structure and Heterogeneous Catalytic Epoxidation of Olefins
Authors: Sen Rupam , Hazra Dipak K. , Mukherjee Monika , Koner Subratanath 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA new Gd26cluster based 3D framework, {[Gd26(μ6‐CO3)9(NIC)32(μ3‐OH)26](NO3)2·3(H2O)}n(1) (NIC = nicotinato anion) has been prepared through hydrothermal synthesis and characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The Gd26clusters are formed by the combination of five distorted cubane cores attached to each other through six Gd3+ions. The Gd26clusters are then connected to each other by organic linkers forming a 3D framework. The dimensions of the spherical cluster shell including the organic ligands is around 2.32(4) nm. The compound catalyses the heterogeneous epoxidation of olefinic substrates including α, β‐unsaturated ketones.
SNAr and Palladium‐Catalyzed Reactions of Deactivated Thiophene: Application to the Synthesis of Protein Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors
Authors: Lethu Sébastien , Dubois Joëlle 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTo investigate the influence of the 5‐thioether moiety of our previously identified hit thiophene compound upon protein farnesyltransferase inhibition, we synthesized a new library of 3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4‐cyanothiophene‐2‐carboxylic derivatives through the application of aromatic nucleophilic substitutions benefiting from a sulfone‐based leaving group and by direct palladium‐catalyzed reactions on a thioalkylthiophene. This small library of ester derivatives and their corresponding acids was then evaluated for protein farnesyltransferase inhibitory activity; some library members exhibited promising submicromolar activities.
Enantioselective Synthesis of (–)‐Methoxyestrone
Authors: Betík Robert , Kotora Martin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEnantioselective synthesis of unnatural (–)‐methoxyestrone in 12 steps from the commercially available tetralone based on the formation of a chiral bicyclic intermediate having the A–B steroid ring framework was accomplished. The crucial synthetic step comprised the enantioselective conjugate addition of vinylmagnesium bromide to a chiral imine formed from a trisubstituted cyclic α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde with >98 % ee, giving rise to the stereoselectively substituted building block possessing the A–B steroid rings. Further steps included the construction of the side chain containing the triple bond, and the obtained enyne was subjected to a Pauson–Khand reaction that furnished stereoselectively an intermediate tetracyclic ketone. Further functional group transformations yielded the target compound.
The interactions between vegetation and erosion: new directions for research at the interface of ecology and geomorphology
Authors: Osterkamp W. R. , Hupp C. R. , Stoffel Markus 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTVegetation and processes of erosion and deposition are interactive. An objective of this paper is to review selected studies that emphasize the interdependencies. The reviews suggest new directions for research uniting ecology and geomorphology – the sub‐discipline of biogeomorphology. The research, which recently has become vigorous, includes the sources, movement, and fates of fluvial loads of sediment, organic carbon, nutrients, contaminants, and woody debris to low‐energy storage sites; the function of biota in causing soil evolution, stability, and sequestration of carbon; the development of new methods to characterize watersheds based on edaphic conditions; and the refinement of current empirical and conceptual models and dendrochronological techniques to measure landscape change. These well acknowledged topics and others less well anticipated ensure that biogeomorphology will remain vibrant. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the publish domain in the USA.
Comparison of outflow boundary conditions for subsonic aeroacoustic simulations
Authors: Fosso P. A. , Deniau H. , Lamarque N. , Poinsot T. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYAeroacoustics simulations require much more precise boundary conditions than classical aerodynamics. Two classes of non‐reflecting boundary conditions for aeroacoustics are compared in the present work: the characteristic analysis‐based methods and the Tam and Dong approach. In the characteristic methods, waves are identified and manipulated at the boundaries, whereas the Tam and Dong approach use modified linearized Euler equations in a buffer zone near outlets to mimic a non‐reflecting boundary. The principles of both approaches are recalled, and recent characteristic methods incorporating the treatment of transverse terms are discussed. Three characteristic techniques—the original Navier–Stokes characteristic boundary conditions (NSCBC) of Poinsot and Lele and two versions of the modified method of Yoo and Im—are compared with the Tam and Dong method for four typical aeroacoustics problems: vortex convection on a uniform flow, vortex convection on a shear flow, acoustic propagation from a monopole, and acoustic propagation from a dipole. Results demonstrate that the Tam and Dong method generally provides the best results and is a serious alternative solution to characteristic methods even though its implementation might require more care than the usual NSCBC approaches. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sense of place: From location resources to MNE locational capital
Authors: Zaheer Srilata , Nachum Lilach 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLocation is commonly perceived as a source of generic resources to all firms in a given place and, therefore, not something that leads to firm‐specific advantage. We challenge this view and suggest that multinational enterprises (MNEs) differ in their location capability, which enables them to create locational capital from generic location resources. Location capability is expressed in an MNE's ‘sense of place’—its recognition of the potential in a location and the actions it takes to create value from this potential. We outline the engagement, transformation and appropriation processes through which this happens and their implications for MNEs following multidomestic and global strategies. Thus, we advance an action‐based view of firms driven by their sense of place to change the very nature of location resources.
Business transformation in heterogeneous environments: The impact of market development and firm strength on retrenchment and growth reconfiguration
Authors: Chakrabarti Abhirup , Vidal Elena , Mitchell Will 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAsset reconfiguration by both growth and divestiture underlies business transformation, but reconfiguration remains poorly understood in countries with limited market infrastructure. We argue that more developed infrastructure facilitates resource reconfiguration, assisting weak firms' attempts to retrench and strong firms' attempts to grow; in turn, market development shapes the impact of reconfiguration by enhancing the benefits of adding assets and limiting the benefits of divestitures. We examine reconfiguration activity by 1,256 firms based in eight South East Asian economies—Hong Kong, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand—from 1990 to 1999. The study contributes to theories of business dynamics in varied settings of market‐based socioeconomic development.
The geographic scope of the MNC and its alliance portfolio: Resolving the paradox of distance
Authors: Zaheer Akbar , Hernandez Exequiel 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSome research suggests that knowledge transfer and performance suffer when entities are distant from each other, while other work emphasizes that distance is beneficial by allowing firms to access novel and diverse knowledge. We resolve this paradox by focusing on the differing roles of MNC subsidiaries and headquarters vis‐à‐vis its alliances: distance between technology alliance partners and subsidiaries hurts MNC performance, but MNCs benefit when such partners are located afar from headquarters. We find support for these ideas in a longitudinal sample (2002 to 2006) of 126 Fortune 500 firms. Our work broadens the concept of the geographic scope of the firm, and suggests that MNCs gain by searching globally but collaborating locally.
Bringing corporate governance to international joint ventures
Authors: Reuer Jeffrey J. , Klijn Elko , van den Bosch Frans A.J. , Volberda Henk W. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLarge gaps appear to exist between the evolving corporate governance practices of organizations and those of international joint ventures (IJVs). Some of these gaps might well be appropriate given some of the unique features of IJVs, while others might require new consideration and attention by organizations engaged in alliances. The expansive literatures on corporate governance and IJVs have developed separately from one another, and there are important opportunities to combine them. We argue that a need exists for a new generation of IJV governance research that considers IJVs' boards of directors as well as other dimensions of governance. We highlight some research opportunities that are illustrative for the research agenda that we are calling for that builds bridges between the literatures on corporate governance and IJVs.
The mentalizing network orchestrates the impact of parochial altruism on social norm enforcement
Authors: Baumgartner Thomas , Götte Lorenz , Gügler Rahel , Fehr Ernst 
Published: May 2011

AbstractParochial altruism—a preference for altruistic behavior towards ingroup members and mistrust or hostility towards outgroup members—is a pervasive feature in human society and strongly shapes the enforcement of social norms. Since the uniqueness of human society critically depends on the enforcement of norms, the understanding of the neural circuitry of the impact of parochial altruism on social norm enforcement is key, but unexplored. To fill this gap, we measured brain activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while subjects had the opportunity to punish ingroup members and outgroup members for violating social norms. Findings revealed that subjects' strong punishment of defecting outgroup members is associated with increased activity in a functionally connected network involved in sanction‐related decisions (right orbitofrontal gyrus, right lateral prefrontal cortex, right dorsal caudatus). Moreover, the stronger the connectivity in this network, the more outgroup members are punished. In contrast, the much weaker punishment of ingroup members who committed the very same norm violation is associated with increased activity and connectivity in the mentalizing‐network (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, bilateral temporo‐parietal junction), as if subjects tried to understand or justify ingroup members' behavior. Finally, connectivity analyses between the two networks suggest that the mentalizing‐network modulates punishment by affecting the activity in the right orbitofrontal gyrus and right lateral prefrontal cortex, notably in the same areas showing enhanced activity and connectivity whenever third‐parties strongly punished defecting outgroup members. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of the arrival of peak nitrate concentrations at the water table at the regional scale in Great Britain
Authors: Wang L. , Stuart M. E. , Bloomfield J. P. , Butcher A. S. , Gooddy D. C. , McKenzie A. A. , Lewis M. A. , Williams A. T. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA simple process‐based approach to predict regional‐scale loading of nitrate at the water table was implemented in a GIS for Great Britain. This links a nitrate input function, unsaturated zone thickness, and lithologically dependent rate of nitrate unsaturated zone travel to estimate arrival time of nitrate at the water table. The nitrate input function is the loading at the base of the soil and has been validated using unsaturated zone porewater profiles. The unsaturated zone thickness uses groundwater levels based on regional‐scale observations infilled by interpolated river base levels. Estimates of the rate of unsaturated zone travel are attributed from regional‐scale hydrogeological mapping. The results indicate that peak nitrate loading may have already arrived at the water table for many aquifers, but that it has not where the unsaturated zone is relatively thick There are contrasting outcomes for the two main aquifers which have similar unsaturated zone velocities, the predominantly low relief Permo‐Triassic sandstones, and the Chalk, which forms significant topographic features. For about 60% of the Chalk, the peak input has not yet reached the water table and will continue to arrive over the next 60 years. The methodology is readily transferable and provides a robust method for estimating peak arrival time for any diffuse conservative pollutant where an input function can be defined at a regional scale and requires only depth to groundwater and a hydrogeological classification. The methodology is extendable in that if additional information is available this can easily be incorporated into the model scheme. British Geology Survey © NERC 2011. Hydrological Process © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Optical biosensors to analyze novel biomarkers in oncology
Authors: Donzella Valentina , Crea Francesco 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMany cancer types are characterized by poor survival and unpredictable therapy response. Easy‐to‐perform molecular analyses may help patient stratification and treatment tailoring. Several integrated devices have been proposed to overcome current analysis equipment limitations. They offer improved sensitivity and easy availability of parallel detection. Particularly, unlabelled optical biosensors combine the manifold advantages of integrated sensors (e.g. easy handling, portability and low‐volume requirement) with detection of target molecules in their original form. Here, we review integrated optical biosensor current features, and discuss their possible application to the detection of protein variants from body fluids, with particular regard to histone modifications. Indeed, histone post‐translational modifications are a set of epigenetic markers frequently deregulated in cancer. Available technology does not allow a comprehensive analysis of all histone modifications in a single patient. Thus, label‐free optical biosensors may pave the way to the discovery and detection of a novel class of biomarkers in oncology. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A green method for the synthesis of thiochromene derivatives in ionic liquids
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Shan , Wu Jian‐Rong , Zhou Jie , Zhang Mei‐Mei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractControlling the pH value by changing the negative ion of ionic liquids, the same reactions of aromatic aldehyde, 2‐(2,3‐dihydrothiochromen‐4‐ylidene) malononitrile and malononitrile product unaromatized and aromatized 6H‐benzo[c]thiochromene derivatives in high yields. The nice features of these procedures include mild reactions condition, simple operations, high yields, and environmentally benign. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Headspace solid‐phase microextraction with on‐fiber derivatization for the determination of aldehydes in algae by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Ma Jiping , Xiao Ronghui , Li Jinhua , Li Jie , Shi Benzhang , Liang Yanjuan , Lu Wenhui , Chen Lingxin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA simple, fast, sensitive and cost‐effective method based on headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) with on‐fiber derivatization coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of six typical aldehydes, 2E‐hexenal, heptanal, 2E‐heptenal, 2E,4E‐heptadienal, 2E‐decenal and 2E,4E‐decadienal in laboratory algae cultures. As derivatization reagent, O‐2,3,4,5,6‐(pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine hydrochloride, was loaded onto the poly(dimethylsiloxane)/divinylbenzene fiber for aldehydes on‐fiber derivatization prior to HS‐SPME. Various influence factors of extraction efficiency were systematically investigated. Under optimized extraction conditions, excellent method performances for all the six aldehydes were attained, such as satisfactory extraction recoveries ranging from 67.1 to 117%, with the precision (relative standard deviation) within 5.3–11.1%, and low detection limits in the range of 0.026–0.044 μg/L. The validated method was successfully applied for the analysis of the aldehydes in two diatoms (Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros muelleri), two pyrrophytas (Prorocentrum micans and Scrippsiella trochoidea) and Calanus sinicus eggs (feeding on the two diatoms above).
Use of different stationary phases for separation of isoniazid, its metabolites and vitamin B6 forms
Authors: Pasáková Ivana , Gladziszová Marcela , Charvátová Jana , Stariat Ján , Klimeš Jiří , Kovaříková Petra 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe ability of different stationary phases developed for the analysis of polar compounds (ZIC‐HILIC, ZIC‐pHILIC and Zorbax SB‐Aq) to separate isoniazid, its metabolites (acetylisonazid, pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone, pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone 5‐phosphate), pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxal 5‐phosphate under MS compatible conditions was systematically investigated using HPLC‐UV. The mobile phase strength, pH and buffer concentration were modified to assess their impact on the retention of these compounds. The best available separation of the compounds was achieved using 1 mM ammonium formate (pH≈6) and ACN (20:80, v/v) on ZIC‐HILIC and employing 5 mM ammonium formate (pH 3.0) and ACN (40:60, v/v) on ZIC‐pHILIC. A gradient profile using 0.5 mM ammonium formate (pH≈6) and MeOH (0–12 min: 10% MeOH, 12–15 min: 10–50% MeOH, 15–35 min: 50% MeOH, 35.0–35.2 min: 50–10% MeOH, 35.2–45.0 min: 10% MeOH) provided the best separation of the compounds on Zorbax SB‐Aq. Subsequent LC‐MS analysis demonstrated that ZIC‐HILIC is useful for the analysis of pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone. However, the chromatographic conditions developed for the analysis of the compounds on Zorbax SB‐Aq are capable of achieving the best separation of all compounds in this study with the higher sensitivity for most of the analytes.