bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special Issue: Fluid–structure interaction in biomedical applications
Authors: van Loon R. , van de Vosse F. N. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe aim of this issue was to bring together computational studies in a variety of research areas, where biological fluids interact with tissue. This resulted in a selection of papers on blood/vessel, blood/valve, air/lung and cell/platelet/blood interaction. Although convergence, robustness and accuracy of the methods involved clearly play an important role in fluid–structure interaction modelling, particular attention is given to the applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dialectic behavioural therapy has an impact on self‐concept clarity and facets of self‐esteem in women with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Roepke Stefan , Schröder‐Abé Michela , Schütz Astrid , Jacob Gitta , Dams Andreas , Vater Aline , Rüter Anke , Merkl Angela , Heuser Isabella , Lammers Claas‐Hinrich 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIdentity disturbance and an unstable sense of self are core criteria of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and significantly contribute to the suffering of the patient. These impairments are hypothesized to be reflected in low self‐esteem and low self‐concept clarity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an inpatient dialectic behavioral therapy (DBT) programme on self‐esteem and self‐concept clarity. Forty women with BPD were included in the study. Twenty patients were treated with DBT for 12 weeks in an inpatient setting and 20 patients from the waiting list served as controls. Psychometric scales were used to measure different aspects of self‐esteem, self‐concept clarity and general psychopathology. Patients in the treatment group showed significant enhancement in self‐concept clarity compared with those on the waiting list. Further, the scales of global self‐esteem and, more specifically, the facets of self‐esteem self‐regard, social skills and social confidence were enhanced significantly in the intervention group. Additionally, the treatment had a significant impact on basic self‐esteem in this group. On the other hand, the scale of earning self‐esteem was not significantly abased in patients with BPD and did not show significant changes in the intervention group. Our data provide preliminary evidence that DBT has an impact on several facets of self‐esteem and self‐concept clarity, and thus on identity disturbance, in women with BPD. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• Self‐concept clarity, which refers to the BPD criterion identity disturbance, and facets of self‐esteem, are impaired in patients with BPD compared with reference data from healthy controls.• Our study replicates that depressive symptoms and general psychopathology are improved after a 12‐week DBT programme in BPD patients compared with a waiting list.• The 12‐week inpatient DBT treatment programme shows significant enhancement in self‐concept clarity and facets of self‐esteem compared with the waiting list.• Thus, in BPD patients, self‐esteem and the diagnostic criteria identity disturbance, captured by self‐concept clarity, can be influenced with short‐term psychotherapy.
Fachgerechte Erstellung von Fugen in Verblendfassaden
Authors: Kanig Martin , Haupt Steffen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFür die Erstellung optisch einwandfreier Verblendfassaden mit sachgerecht ausgeführtem Witterungsschutz bietet die Industrie Werktrockenmörtel an, die an die unterschiedlichen Steinqualitäten angepasst wurden. Gute Argumente für die Baustellenpraxis bieten Vormauermörtel, bei denen die Fugengestaltung mit dem Fugenglattstrich “aus einem Guss” erfolgt. Bei Verwendung von speziellen Fugenmörteln ist auch mit nachträglicher Verfugung eine dichte Fuge zu erzielen. Mörteltechnische Optimierungen, die aus zahlreichen Untersuchungen abgeleitet wurden, können die “Härten der Baustellenpraxis” abmindern. Nach wie vor ist aber die Beachtung ausführungstechnischer Hinweise von höchster Bedeutung.Professional preparation from joints in facades with facing brickwork. For the preparation from optically intact facades with facing brickwork, with a properly functioning weather protection, the mortar industry offers premade dry mortars, which are adapted to the different types of brick qualities. Good arguments for the construction site praxis are achieved by masonry mortars by which the joint design can be done directly in one step. Through the use of special joint mortars you can achieve in a subsequent application a very tight joint. Technical optimizations within the premade mortar products, which have been won on numerous praxis tests, can help to reduce complications on the working site. Nonetheless is extremely important to follow the application notices for a correct application.
Aktuelle Entwicklungen bei Verblendmauerwerksabfangungen
Authors: Werner Sven A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractKlinkermauerwerk als traditionelles Fassadenelement wird heutzutage in der sog. zweischaligen Bauweise erstellt. Dies ermöglicht eine echte Trennung von Fassade und Tragstruktur, und zusätzlich wird der Einsatz von Dämmmaterial zwischen den zwei Schalen ermöglicht. Diese weit verbreitete Technik ist in Deutschland durch die DIN 1053 geregelt und definiert. Erst seit kurzem gibt es den Bedarf, über die Regelungen der derzeit gültigen DIN 1053‐1:1996‐11 hinaus Lösungen für bautechnische Anforderungen beim zweischaligen Mauerwerk zu finden. Auslöser dafür sind die veränderten Anforderungen an den Wärmebedarf von Gebäuden. Durch die Einführung der EnEV im Jahre 2002 und deren fortlaufende Verschärfung wird immer deutlicher, dass Wärmeverluste über die Fassadenflächen minimiert werden müssen. Dies führt häufig zu Überschreitungen der zulässigen Schalenabstände gemäß DIN 1053, um die geforderten Dämmstärken erreichen zu können. Auch weitere Einflussfaktoren wie z. B. Wärmebrückenverluste durch Abfangkonsolen oder Luftschichtanker rücken stärker in den Fokus. Im Folgenden wird darauf eingegangen, wie Planer und Ingenieure auf die ständig steigenden Anforderungen reagieren können und welche Lösungen die Firma Halfen als Hersteller von Verblendabfangkonstruktionen anbieten kann.Current Developments for Brickwork Support Systems. Brickwork masonry is a traditional building material for façade constructions and is applied today in a two cavity construction. This enables a strict separation of loadbearing structure and façade elements and thus allows for insulation in between. This common building technique is defined in regulation DIN 1053 for Germany. Recently demands for solutions beyond the above mentioned regulations can be detected. The Main reasons for this are increasing requirements for insulation and focus on energy consumption of buildings. In Germany the EnEV (an Energy Saving Regulation) has come into force in 2002. This regulation specifies that energy loss via façade areas have to be reduced to a minimum and the requirements are increasingly becoming more and more effective with each edition. This leads to increased cavities beyond the specifications of the currently available DIN 1053‐1:1996‐11 mainly due to the required insulation thicknesses. Other influences such as thermal bridges due to brickwork support brackets and brick ties come into focus, too. The following essay will show how designer and engineers can react to the ongoing changes and increasing requirements and which solutions can be provided by company Halfen as a supplier of brickwork support systems.
Sequence‐Selective Organoiridium DNA Bis‐Intercalators with Flexible Dithiaalkane Linker Chains
Authors: Kokoschka Malte , Bangert Jan‐Amadé , Stoll Raphael , Sheldrick William S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe rapid DNA intercalation by dinuclear polypyridyl (η5‐C5Me5)IrIII complexes of the type [{(η5‐C5Me5)Ir(dppz)}2(μ‐L)](CF3SO3)4 1–4 has been studied by UV/Vis spectroscopy, circular dichroism, viscosity measurements and nuclear magnetic resonance. Whereas the Ir atoms of compounds 1–3 are linked by flexible dithiaalkanes of the type L = CH3S(CH2)nSCH3 (n = 4–6), compound 4 contains cyclic 1,4‐dithiane as a shorter more rigid bridging ligand. Stable intercalative binding into CT DNA is indicated for 1–3 by large increases in the DNA thermal denaturation temperature and by induced negative CD bands at about 300 nm. Viscositymeasurements show that the DNA lengthening induced by the bis‐intercalators 1–3 is about twice that caused by the monointercalator 4. An analysis of the NOE cross‐peaks for a 1:1 mixture of 3 with the double‐strand decanucleotide d(5′‐GCGCATCGGC‐3′) demonstrates that 3 intercalates in a sequence‐specific manner from the minor groove between the base pairs C4–G17 and A5–T16, and T6–A15 and C7–G14.
The Nature of the Phosphazene Nitrogen–Metal Bond: DFT Calculations on 2‐(Pyridyloxy)cyclophosphazene Complexes
Authors: Davidson Ross J. , Ainscough Eric W. , Brodie Andrew M. , Harrison John A. , Waterland Mark R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe metal–nitrogen bond in six‐coordinate complexes [ML1Cl]+ (M = Co, Ni, Cu or Zn) of (pyridyloxy)cyclophosphazene, five‐coordinate complexes [ML1Cl2] (M = Cu or Zn) of green‐[NiL1Cl2], and dimetallic complexes [L2(CuCl2)2], [L3(CuCl)2]2+ and [L3(CuCl2)2] [L1 = hexakis(2‐pyridyloxy)cyclotriphosphazene, L2 = hexakis(4‐methyl‐2‐pyridyloxy)cyclotriphosphazene or L3 = octakis(4‐methyl‐2‐pyridyloxy)cyclotetraphosphazene] of red‐[NiL1Cl2], has been investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) and natural bond order (NBO) analysis. The calculations show that the divalent metal ions bind to the phosphazene ring nitrogen by a σ‐type bond and that the lengthening of the PN bonds, which flank the metal coordination site, can be explained as a result of electron density that is transferred from PN bonding orbitals to the 4s orbital of the metal ion rather than a decrease in the π component of the bond as suggested by earlier models. It can be assumed that this explanation of the bonding is valid for the wide range of metallo‐phosphazene complexes and that metal ions will bind to the PN backbone of polyphosphazenes in a similar manner.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective aza‐Michael Additions of N‐Heterocycles to α,β‐Unsaturated Enones
Authors: Lv Jian , Wu Hao , Wang Yongmei 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA procedure for enantioselective organocatalytic conjugate additions of a variety of N‐heterocycles to α,β‐unsaturated enone systems is presented. The reactions are efficiently catalyzed by salts of 9‐amino‐9‐deoxy‐epiquinine (3d). Cyclic, acyclic, and aromatic enones can be used in reactions with 1H‐benzotriazole (1a) or 5‐phenyltetrazole derivatives 12, providing the Michael addition products in high yields and with good to excellent enantioselectivities.
Generation of Indole Alkaloids in the Human‐Pathogenic Fungus Exophiala dermatitidis
Authors: Kindler Bernhard L. J. , Krämer Hans‐Joachim , Nies Silke , Gradicsky Philipp , Haase Gerhard , Mayser Peter , Spiteller Michael , Spiteller Peter 
Published: February 2010

AbstractExophialin, a previously unknown indole alkaloid, was isolated from the human‐pathogenic fungus Exophiala dermatitidis upon cultivation on a medium containing tryptophan as sole nitrogen source. Its structure has been elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments and mass spectrometry. When the mutant strain Mel‐1 was used in place of the wild‐type strain, the new indole alkaloid 8‐hydroxyexophialin was generated instead of exophialin. This result indicates that the aromatic moiety of exophialin originates from 2‐hydroxyjuglone, a shunt product of the 1,8‐dihydroxynaphthalene melanin biosynthesis, which is only produced by the wild‐type strain,but not by the mutant. In contrast, the mutant accumulatesflavioline, which acts as precursor leading to the generation of 8‐hydroxyexophialin instead of exophialin.
Dose‐dependent effect of EGF on migration and differentiation of adult subventricular zone astrocytes
Authors: Gonzalez‐Perez Oscar , Quiñones‐Hinojosa Alfredo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAdult neural stem cells (NSCs) are located in the subventricular zone (SVZ), a specialized brain niche located on the walls of the lateral ventricle. Under physiological conditions, NSCs generate a large number of young neurons and some oligodendrocytes, however the mechanisms controlling cell proliferation and migration are unclear. In vitro, epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling has been shown to be an important mediator of cell proliferation and migration in the adult brain; however, the primary SVZ progenitors that respond to EGF are not well known. In this study, we isolated SVZ type‐B astrocytes and cultured them under different EGF concentrations. We found a dose‐dependent effect of EGF on proliferation rates and migration of SVZ type‐B astrocytes. We found that GFAP+ type‐B astrocytes gave rise to highly migratory and proliferating cells that expressed Olig2 and NG2. After EGF withdrawal, a significant number of EGF‐stimulated cells differentiated into S100β+/O4+ oligodendrocytes. This study provides new insights about the production of oligodendrocytes derived from the astrocyte NSCs residing in the adult SVZ. To be able to manipulate the endogenous adult progenitors, it is crucial to identify and isolate the responding primary precursors and determine the extracellular signals that regulate their cell division, migration, and fate. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: Harrison J. E. , Hitchman A. J. W. , Hitchman A. , Holtrop M. E. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The effects of fluoride (F) on ectopic bone formation induced in rats by implants of demineralized cortical bone tissue were studied. Test rats received sodium fluoride (NaF), 6 mmol/liter in drinking water, and controls received fluoride-free water. Implant accumulations of tracer hydroxyproline ([3H](OH)P), 45Ca, and stable Ca were determined 24 h after injections of tritiated proline ([3H]P) and 45Ca, to estimate rates of collagen synthesis, mineralization, and net mineral mass, respectively. Conventional histology on undemineralized implant sections was done. Mineralized bone was first observed by implant histology, 2 weeks after implantation and continued to increase up to 8 weeks. A few chondrocytes were observed. Prior to bone formation, dense fibrous tissue was observed within the marrow space of the original implant. The rate of collagen synthesis peaked at 1 week, again at 3 weeks, and then continued at a slower rate up to 8 weeks. The rates of mineralization paralleled the rates of collagen synthesis between 2 and 8 weeks, indicating bone mineralization over this period. During the first 2 weeks after implantation no mineral deposition was observed. The initial peak of collagen synthesis without mineralization (0-2 weeks) indicates fibrous tissue formation and is in agreement with the histological analysis. Fluoride treatment increased rates of collagen synthesis during both the initial period of fibrous tissue formation and later bone formation. The ratio of mineralization rate to collagen synthesis rate (45Ca/[3H](OH)P) was decreased by fluoride throughout the 2-8 week period, but net mineral mass was comparable to control rats by 8 weeks, indicating that fluoride delays, but does not prevent, bone mineralization. Fluoride stimulation of both fibrous tissue and bone suggests effects on precursor cells, possibly cells of the immune system.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: DR. Bang S. , Baud C. A. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The electron microorobe was used to display the topographical distribution pattern of fluoride (F) at the microscopical level in the iliac bone of an osteoporotic patient treated with fluoride. Composite x-ray image of F Kα emission revealed a high concentration of fluoride in the periosteal and endosteal bone layers, in the cancellous bone, and in certain osteons, which corresponded to the bone formed during the period of fluoride treatment. Fluoride was also concentrated around the Haversian canals in the vicinity of the capillary blood vessels by a diffusion process. Morphometric analysis showed that more cancellous bone than cortical bone is formed.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: DR. Delmas P. D. , Dupuis J. , Duboeuf F. , Chapuy M. C. , Meunier P. J. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Eighty one women with vertebral osteoporosis were treated for up to 2 years with fluoride administered either as monofluorophosphate (MFP, 200 mg/day, i.e., 26.4 mg fluoride-ion) or sodium fluoride (NaF, 50 mg/day, i.e., 22.6 mg fluoride-ion). All patients received calcium supplementation (1 g of Ca2+/day) taken apart from NaF and in the same tablet for MFP. Despite almost similar fluoride dosage of both regimens, the early increase in the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine was higher with MFP than with NaF, reaching 11% and 4%, respectively, at 1 year (p = 0.007), and 21% and 6%, respectively, at 18 months (p &lt; 0.001). The incidence of lower extremity pain syndrome related to benign stress microfactures was also higher with MFP than with NaF (35% and 15%, respectively, p &lt; 0.01). Urinary fluoride levels were higher in the MFP than in the NaF group (9.6 ± 3.5 vs. 6.8 ± 3.4 at one year, p = 0.003), suggesting that this difference in efficacy and tolerance is related to a better bioavailability of fluoride provided by MFP than by NaF. The occurrence of a stress microfracture could not be predicted by any clinical, biochemical, or densitometric parameter before treatment, but patients presenting with a stress microfracture during the course of the treatment had a higher gain in bone mass than those without stress fractures (at 1 yr+11 vs. +5%, p = 0.03 and at 18 months +18 vs. +6.9%, p &lt; 0.02). In conclusion, there is a clear correlation between the efficacy and the occurrence of side effects of fluoride therapy in osteoporosis. In addition to the dose, the bioavailability of the fluoride salt may play a critical role in the magnitude of the response and should be taken into account when establishing the optimum therapeutic dose, as the therapeutic window may be narrow.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: Pak Charles Y. C. , Sakhaee Khashayar , Zerwekh Joseph E. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Long-term clinical effects of intermittent sodium fluoride (slow-release) therapy were assessed in 71 patients with primary osteoporosis. In Group I (receiving 1,25-(OH)2D3 2 μg/day for 2 weeks before 3 months of sodium fluoride treatment 25 mg twice a day, in each 5-month cycle), vertebral (L2-L4) bone mineral content did not change significantly. However, the L2-L4 bone mineral content significantly increased by 3.1% in Group II (those who did not receive 1,25-(OH)2D3 during 5-month cycle), 3.5% per patient year in Group III (combined NaF 25 mg twice a day with 1,25-(OH)2D3 0.5 μg/day for 12 months in each 13-month cycle), and by 7.8% per patient year in Group IV (combined NaF with calcium citrate for 12 months in each 13-month cycle). The rise in vertebral bone mineral content was sustained, with an annual increment of 4.2% during the third year compared with 4.4% during the first year. The vertebral fracture rate declined significantly from the pretreatment value in all groups, but comparison with a placebo control group was not available. There was no significant change in the bone density of the radial shaft or of the proximal femur. The rate of hip fracture (nontraumatic) during treatment was 1.8% per patient year, the same as before treatment. The drug was well tolerated with only minor infrequent gastrointestinal and rheumatic side effects. Thus, intermittent slow-release sodium fluoride treatment with adequate calcium supplementation augments spinal bone mass and apparently inhibits vertebral fractures, with a satisfactory safety of usage; however, it has no effect on appendicular bone mass or on hip fracture rate. The vertebral fracture rate declined significantly in all groups, suggesting that fluoride may reduce vertebral fractures. However, comparison with a placebo control group was not available.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Authors: Schulz E. E. , Flowers C. , Sauser D. D. , Brin B. N. , Wergedal J. E. , Baylink D. J. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We previously described new bone formation in fluoride-treated osteoporotic patients. Since then, several investigators have contended that fluoride-induced “hot spots,” as seen on bone scintigrams, represent stress fractures. To further evaluate this issue we analyzed scintigrams, radiographs, and quantitative computer tomography (CT) scans of the spine and femoral condyles from 129 patients, obtained before and during therapy. Hot spots, new or of increased intensity, were more than twice as common in the weight-bearing peripheral skeleton than in nonweight-bearing sites (p &lt; 0.001). The hot spots were usually diffuse, multiple, bilateral, and mostly seen early in therapy, a pattern quite different from that expected of stress fractures. Previously, we postulated that mechanical stress and fluoride act synergistically to stimulate new bone formation. If this hypothesis were correct, we would expect to see a greater increase in femoral condyle bone density in patients with hot spots. Consistent with this hypothesis, patients who developed hot spots in the knees had a greater increase in condylar density (22 ± 2.5 vs. 9 ± 3.3 mg/cc) than those without hot spots and stress fractures were not seen in either group. Additionally, patients with more than 5 hot spots in the peripheral skeleton had greater increases in spinal and condylar density than those with fewer than 5 hot spots. Finally, stress fractures were found in less than 2% of our patients. While we do not exclude the possibility that some additional patients may have had stress fractures, our data support the hypothesis that the great majority of hot spots seen on the scintigrams are the sites of new bone formation.