bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of biopsy in differential diagnostics of kidney graft pathology
Authors: Suhorukovs Vadims , Tihomirova Tatjana 
Published: August 2010

The role of biopsy in differential diagnostics of kidney graft pathology
Introduction. Different pathological changes of kidney transplants have similar symptoms, thus differential diagnostic is sometime difficult. The important information that may help to set correct diagnose can be obtained from the kidney transplant biopsy followed by pathohistological investigation. Aim of the study. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the role of biopsy in differential diagnostics of kidney graft pathology. Materials and methods. 109 kidney graft biopsies were performed at the Latvian Transplantation Centre in 2007: 20 were protocol biopsies and 89 were performed according to indications (graft dysfunction). All biopsies were performed under USS control followed by pathohistological investigations of the material obtained. Morphological changes were evaluated accordingly to the Banff 97 classification. Results. The morphological findings were as follows: borderline changes - 8 cases (7.34%); acute cellular rejection - 80 cases (73.4%); acute humoral rejection - 1 case (0,92%); hronic graft nephropathy - 27 cases (24.8%); tubolointersticial nephritis - 36 cases (33%); apostematous nephritis - 1 case (0.92%). We observed mild hematuria in only 2 patients after biopsy which stopped spontaneously in a few days. Conclusions. Kidney graft biopsy followed by pathohistological investigation of the material obtained is a precise and sensitive method in the diagnostic process of pathological changes of the graft with a small rate of complication.
Intraabdominal Pressure in Children After Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Krastins Jekabs , Straume Zane , Auzins Janis 
Published: August 2010

Intraabdominal Pressure in Children After Cardiothoracic Surgery
Introduction. Intraabdominal pressure (IAP) now is widely recognized as an important variable and its monitoring is used in a variety of critically ill patients. Aim of the study. The aim of this study was to measure and to recognize the influence of various factors on IAP in children after surgical correction of congenital heart disease. Materials and methods. We conducted non-randomized, prospective observational study in Pediatric intensive care unitat a University Children's hospital. Study protocol was approved by Hospital Ethics commision. Measurements of IAP were performed in 15 children with mean body weight 8±5,83 kg, (Range 3,1-28 kg), mean age of 18,01 months (range 8 days-8 years) after cardiothoracic surgery. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was used in 12 patients. IAP was measured during first 24 hours postoperatively at 12 hour intervals via indwelling urinary catheter with bladder volumes of 1 ml/kg of normal saline. Of the 15 patients, 12 were mechanically ventilated at the time of the IAP measurements. Ventilation pressures: PIP (peak inspiratory pressure), MAP (mean airway pressure), PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure) and central venous pressure (CVP) via femoral vein were recorded. In some patients (6 from 15) amount of fluid evacuated via intraperitoneal drain from peritoneal cavity in first 24 hours was measured. Results. IAP was 12,24±3,54 mm Hg (Range 5,44-20,4 mm Hg), CVP 13±2,19, PIP 20±2,48 cm H2O, MAP 9±2,3 cm H2O, PEEP 5±1,35 cm H2O. Amount of fluid removed from peritoneal cavity during first 24 hours was 0,8±0,54 ml/kg/h (Range 0,04-1,7 ml/kg/h). Conclusions. We find elevated intraabdominal pressure (IAP> 12 mm Hg) in 10 from 15 (66,67%) pediatric patients in the first 24 hours after cardiothoracic surgery. There was a difference in IAP in patients with abdominal paracenthesis versus patients without the drain. The difference between groups was not statistically significant (P=0,4). We did not find a correlation between IAP, MAP and CVP. We, however, did not observe development of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).
Histomorphology of Salivary Glands after Ligature and Reconstruction of Common Carotid Artery in Rabbits
Authors: Stamers Kaspars , Pilmane Mara , Feldmane Laila , Pastars Kalvis , Tomisheva Nonna , Skagers Andrejs 
Published: August 2010

Histomorphology of Salivary Glands after Ligature and Reconstruction of Common Carotid Artery in Rabbits
Introduction. In occlusive diseases of carotid arteries may be involved salivary glands which play important role in oral and general homeostasis. Aim of the study. The purpose of this study was histomorphological evaluation of rabbit's salivary glands after regional reduction af arterial circulation and reconstruction of ligated common carotid arteries comparing with normal histological sight. Materials and methods. The experiments were authorized by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Latvian Food and Veterinary Service. 20 male Californian rabbits weighing approximately 3 kg were used. Under intravenous general anesthesia and local anesthesia the ligature of a. carotis communis dextra was done. After 28 days 10 rabbits were sacrificed and samples were taken from all major salivary glands and histological measured acinar dimensions and acinar epithelial cell. For rest 10 rabbits under the general anesthesia were performed revascularization of a. carotis communis dextra. After 28 days the rabbits were sacrificed with intrapulmonal injection of T61. The acini dimensions and acinar epithelial cell diameter in microns in all glands were measured except buccal glands were measured. Results. In ischemic conditions all glands react with decrease of acinar epithelial cell diameter and also diametr of functional unit of salivary gland. After revascularisation reestablishment of acini and secretory epithelial cells was observed. Conclusions. Rabbit's salivary glands have potential to recovery in diminished after ligation of ipsilateral common carotid artery size of acini and secretory epithelium after 4 week ischemia if the blood supply is reestabilished.
The Study of the Risk Factors of Health Care - Associated Infections in Patients' Care with Invasive Devices
Authors: Platace Diana , Klava Ilze , Antonevica Lilija , Reinis Aigars , Kuznecova Valentina , Kroica Juta , Millere Inga 
Published: August 2010

The Study of the Risk Factors of Health Care - Associated Infections in Patients' Care with Invasive Devices
Introduction. Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are a major threat to patient safety. The spread of HAIs cases in intensive care units (ICUs) and in surgical units is influenced by the severity of the patients' condition, as well as the number of invasive procedures and the environment of the units. The immune systems of critically ill patients are in a severe state which increases the probability of beneficial conditions for a colonisation by pathogenic microorganisms due to invasive procedures. Furthermore, the action of inserting an invasive device (urinary catheter, peripheral vein catheter) disrupts the natural defence mechanisms by itself. Aim of the study. To determine risk factors of HAIs during invasive procedures: peripheral vein catheter and urinary catheter insertion and care at the time. Materials and methods. The research was performed in the ICUs and in the surgical units of Latvia's regional multi-profile hospitals (n=3), using the quantitative research method: questionnaire (n=188), and qualitative research methods: clinically structured empiric research (n=45) and microbiological tests (n=86): a) with a Count-Tact applicator and a special culture medium, b) with a swab, and c) with catheter sedimentation method. Results. The study results showed that surgical nurses take care of 18 to 40 patients per day, while intensive care nurses take care of 2 to 3 patients per day. A common problem identified in ICUs and in surgical units related to the lack of unified nursing protocols on performing invasive procedures in all cases (100%; 45/45). Microbiological investigations showed a high level of bio-contamination during invasive procedures: the amount of microorganisms on the nurses' hands considerably exceeded the acceptable levels in all cases (100%; 4/4), and medium to high levels of bio-contamination were discovered on patient's changed bed sheets (100%; 2/2) as well as in nurses' hair (85.7%; 48/56) and their work wear (78.5%; 44/56). In 25% of the observed cases Staphylococcus aureus was discovered in the sterile zone of the peripheral vein catheter 72 hours and 96 hours after the catheter's insertion. 72 hours after the catheter's insertion, as well as 7 days after the insertion of a urinary catheter, 100% of the cases revealed the presence of at least one and in some cases several of the following pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli , β haemolytic Streptococcus and fungi, such as Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Conclusions. The main risk factors of HAIs in patients' care using invasive devices are: the lack of unified nursing protocols, aseptic and antiseptic mistakes and excessive workload, as well as a high level of bio-contamination in the ICUs and in surgical units.
Evaluation of Oral Health Status and the Need of Surgical and Therapeutical Preprosthodontic measures in the Elderly Living in Old People's Homes in Latvia
Authors: Vidzis Aldis , Krasta Ingrida , Brinkmane Anda , Cema Ingrida 
Published: August 2010

Evaluation of Oral Health Status and the Need of Surgical and Therapeutical Preprosthodontic measures in the Elderly Living in Old People's Homes in Latvia
Introduction. Demographic evolution indicates enlargement of the older people proportion and increased life expectancy. The oral health is strongly associated with quality of life. In 1992 the main part of Latvian dental care was excluded from the list of the government paid health service. The rules N. 254 (2006) of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia establish that customers from social old people's homes have to pay for dental care by themselves and the government will prepay only teeth extractions in cases of acute pain. Thereby, there appeared necessity to conduct comparative evaluation of clinical situation among populations of Latvia and other countries. Aim of the study. The aim of the study was to establish necessary types and ranges of surgical and therapeutical measures before prosthodontical teeth replacement among people who live in old people's homes; to conduct comparative analysis of clinical situation with corresponding groups of age in Latvian population. Materials and methods. There were examined 212 elderly people living in old people's homes of Kurzeme region of Latvia (randomly chosen). The indices of bad odour were established by HALIMETER. Caries incidence was assessed with DMFT index (D-decayed, M-missing, F-filling). This study was done in period from November of 2007 to February of 2009. Results. Out of all examined elderly people living in old people's homes 32.3% of men and 57.3% of women had complete teeth loss. Caries incidence ratio was 28.7 and 28.8, respectively. Untreated dental caries and filling rate were low (4.5; 2.6 and 0.6; 0.7) while the number of lost teeth was high (23.1 and 25.8). Out of the examined elderly 85.7% of men and 76.5% of women needed emergency surgical treatment (extraction of destroyed teeth). In 45.2% and 57.8% of cases were observed oral mucosal lesions, in 2.4% and 1.6% of cases were found oral precancerous conditions. In 14.3% and 18.8% of cases was noted pain in temporomandibular joints. 97.6% and 87.5% of old people's homes inhabitants needed prosthodontical teeth replacement. Conclusions. Oral health care measures for the elderly in old people's homes is insufficient, the ratio of decayed and missing teeth is high, oral hygiene mostly is unsatisfactory and many of them have halitosis. The elderly from old people's homes need vast surgical and therapeutical treatment prior to prosthetics and teeth replacement. The prevalent type of prosthodontics is complete removable dentures. There is need to develop the oral health care conception for the elderly living in old people's homes in Latvia.
Central Auditory Processing Disorders: Effects of Age and Hearing Loss to Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses
Authors: Raumane Diana , Kise Ligija , Logina Inara 
Published: August 2010

Central Auditory Processing Disorders: Effects of Age and Hearing Loss to Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses
Introduction. Central auditory processing involve normal sound perception, speech recognition, ability of cognition and memory. Accordingly speech recognition difficulties may manifest due to changes at any segment of auditory processing. Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) and behavioral measures provide insight into the neural mechanisms underlying speech recognition. These disorders are observed both in young and elderly population. Aim of the study. To evaluate central auditory processing for subjects of different age and hearing level through the presentation of noise using CAEPs and behavioral measures of speech discrimination. However due to complicated connectivity in auditory pathway it is difficult to identify the central auditory processing damage. Behavioral tests in conjunction with electrophysiological examination will reveal more complicated information for differenciation between peripheral and central auditory processing disorders. Materials and methods. Three groups of subjects participated: young normal hearing, young hearing-impaired and elderly hearing-impaired subjects. To minimaze subject variables, the CAEPs (wave peaks P1, N1, P2, N2, P3, N3 in miliseconds) was investigated using passive listening paradigme. The CAEPs were elicited by 1,1s change in frequency 1000 Hz and 2000 Hz in pure tones presented at 65, 70 and 75 dB SPL. Sentence recognition tests in quite and noise, Digit Pairs (DP) and Word Pairs (WP) were developed in Latvian language prior to investigation. They were presented to all subjects. Results. The most prominent finding was the increased latency of P3, N3 in elderly and also in younger hearing impaired adults groups and highly differed within groups. More prolonged latencies were find of N1, P2 in elderly hearing impaired group than in younger hearing impaired group adults. Conclusions. During this investigation the CAEPs are performed for the first time in our clinic therefore the main standarts are determined for our laboratory. The speech recognition tests (Sentence recognition test, DD, DW) are developed in Latvian. The present findings suggest patterns of CAEP are variable within individuals however shows that auditory perception and cognitive function is not only a result of aging and must be associated with a general slowing of neuronal processing or decreased neuronal synchrony within the central auditory nervous system. Determination of central auditory processing capacity level is of crucial significance to prognose and evaluate the hearing result after hearing prosthetics and to appraise indications for hearing prosthetics, cochlear and middle ear implantation including.
Excessive Bleeding After Cardiac Surgery in Adults: Reasons and Management
Authors: Ozolina Agnese , Strike Eva , Harlamovs Vladimirs , Porite Nora 
Published: August 2010

Excessive Bleeding After Cardiac Surgery in Adults: Reasons and Management
Postoperative bleeding is a concern for all patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In patients exposed to cardiopulmonary bypass, bleeding following surgery is excessive in up to twelve percent of patients in whom subsequent re-exploration is required. Several studies have evaluated main reasons, prevention of excessive postoperative bleeding and impact of patients outcomes. This article contains a literature review on excessive bleeding and re-exploration following cardiac surgery, main surgical and medical sources, prevention and management of bleeding.
Biliary Cystic Tumours with Mesenchymal Stroma
Authors: Vanags Andrejs , Pavars Maris , Prieditis Peteris , Strumfa Ilze , Irmejs Arvids , Gardovskis Janis 
Published: August 2010

Biliary Cystic Tumours with Mesenchymal Stroma
Biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma are rare cystic liver tumours arising from the bile ducts proximal to the hilum of the liver. The tumours have unique structure with ovarian-type mesenchymal stroma, leading to challenging considerations about their pathogenesis. The differential diagnosis is wide and further complicated by the lack of awareness about these neoplastic processes due to the rarity of the disease. Radical surgical treatment can be recommended whenever possible as it can result in prolonged survival.
Factors Associated With Calf Muscle Endurance Recovery 1 Year After Achilles Tendon Rupture Repair
Authors: Bostick Geoff P. , Jomha Nadr M. , Suchak Amar A. , Beaupré Lauren A. 
Published: August 2010

Study Design Cohort study. Objectives To describe calf muscle endurance recovery and to explore factors predictive of poor calf muscle endurance recovery 1 year after surgical repair of an Achilles tendon rupture (ATR). Background ATR is a common sports-related injury and is often managed with open surgical repair. After ATR repair most patients return to usual activities 6 months after surgery. However, calf endurance impairment can persist up to 6 years, possibly impacting performance of daily activities and sport. Methods A secondary analysis of a 73-patient cohort from a randomized controlled trial assessing the effects of early weight bearing after surgical repair of an ATR was performed. Calf muscle endurance recovery was measured by single-heel raises using a customized counting device at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. Descriptive statistics were used to outline recovery of calf muscle endurance. Physical and patient-reported outcomes were examined for their association with calf-muscle endurance recovery. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore variables associated with recovery of calf endurance 1 year postoperatively. Results Mean recovery of calf muscle endurance was 76% at 1 year. Multivariate regression analysis showed an association of being female, reporting no resting pain at 3 months, and physical functioning and calf endurance at 6 months, with better recovery of calf endurance at 1 year. Conclusions Calf muscle endurance at 1 year remained impaired in a considerable portion of the sample. Pain, gender, and physical functioning are likely important factors in determining recovery of calf muscle endurance. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(6):345–351. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3204
A Progressive 5-Week Exercise Therapy Program Leads to Significant Improvement in Knee Function Early After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Eitzen Ingrid , Moksnes Håvard , Snyder-Mackler Lynn , Risberg May Arna 
Published: August 2010

Study Design Prospective cohort study without a control group. Objectives Firstly, to present our 5-week progressive exercise therapy program in the early stage after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Secondly, to evaluate changes in knee function after completion of the program for patients with ACL injury in general and also when classified as potential copers or noncopers, and, finally, to examine potential adverse events. Background Few studies concerning early-stage ACL rehabilitation protocols exist. Consequently, little is known about the tolerance for, and outcomes from, short-term exercise therapy programs in the early stage after injury. Methods One-hundred patients were included in a 5-week progressive exercise therapy program, within 3 months after injury. Knee function before and after completion of the program was evaluated from isokinetic quadriceps and hamstrings muscle strength tests, 4 single-leg hop tests, 2 different self-assessment questionnaires, and a global rating of knee function. A 2-way mixed-model analysis of variance was conducted to evaluate changes from pretest to posttest for the limb symmetry index for muscle strength and single-leg hop tests, and the change in scores for the patient-reported questionnaires. In addition, absolute values and the standardized response mean for muscle strength and single-leg hop tests were calculated at pretest and posttest for the injured and uninjured limb. Adverse events during the 5-week period were recorded. Results The progressive 5-week exercise therapy program led to significant improvements (P<.05) in knee function from pretest to posttest both for patients classified as potential copers and noncopers. Standardized response mean values for changes in muscle strength and single-leg hop performance from pretest to posttest for the injured limb were moderate to strong (0.49–0.84), indicating the observed improvements to be clinically relevant. Adverse events occurred in 3.9% of the patients. Conclusion Short-term progressive exercise therapy programs are well tolerated and should be incorporated in early-stage ACL rehabilitation, either to improve knee function before ACL reconstruction or as a first step in further nonoperative management. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(11):705–721. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3345
Diffusion tensor MRI of the kidney at 3.0 and 1.5 Tesla
Authors: Kido Aki , Kataoka Masako , Yamamoto Akira , Nakamoto Yuji , Umeoka Shigeaki , Koyama Takashi , Maetani Yoji , Isoda Hiroyuki , Tamai Ken , Morisawa Nobuko , Saga Tsuneo , Mori Susumu , Togashi Kaori 
Published: August 2010

Background: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 3 T provides information on the microstructure and pathophysiology of tissues that is not available from conventional imaging with an advantage of high signal to noise ratio (SNR). Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of DTI of the normal kidney at 3.0 T compared to results obtained at 1.5 T. Material and Methods: DTI of the normal kidney of 15 healthy volunteers obtained with 3.0 and 1.5 T scanners using respiration-triggered acquisition was examined. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of both the renal cortex and the medulla and SNRs were measured (b-values 0 and 400 s/mm2, diffusion direction of 6). The image quality of FA and ADC maps was also compared subjectively. Results: The FA values of the renal cortex were 0.15 ± 0.03 at 3.0 T and 0.14± 0.03 at 1.5 T on average. This difference was not significant. The FA values of the renal medulla were 0.49 ±0.04 at 3.0 T and 0.42 ± 0.05 at 1.5 T. ADC values of the renal cortex were 2.46 × 10−3± 0.09 mm2/s at 3.0 T and 2.20 ×10−3±0.11 mm2/s at 1.5 T. The ADC values of the renal medulla were 2.08 × 10−3 ± 0.08 mm2/s at 3.0 T and 1.90 × 10−3± 0.11 mm2/s at 1.5 T. These FA and ADC values were consistent with previous publications. The difference was significant for the FA value of the medulla ( P< 0.01) and ADC values in both cortex and medulla ( P < 0.01). The subjective image quality of the FA map with the 3.0 T scanner was significantly superior to that with the 1.5 T scanner ( P< 0.01), but not significant for the ADC map ( P = 0.18). There was a significant difference in SNR between 3.0 T (48.8 ± 6.6) and 1.5 T images (32.8 ± 5.0). Conclusion: The feasibility of renal DTI with a 3.0 T magnet resulting in improved SNR was demonstrated.