bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TIME-DEPENDENT MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF CARBON BLACK FILLED ELASTOMERS
Authors: Bhattacharya Aparajita , Medvedev Grigori A. , Caruthers James M. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
An extensive set of time-dependent mechanical data was obtained for several filled SBR elastomers, including Mullins experiments, cyclic loading experiments, and stress relaxation. These comprehensive data enable critical evaluation of three classes of constitutive models. Viscoelastic models can naturally describe the hysteresis upon loading/reloading, but are unable to capture the large change in tangent modulus between the initial loading and the modulus just as the specimen is being unloaded. Elastic-damage models can capture the large change in tangent modulus just prior versus subsequent to unloading of a virgin sample, but can only parameterize the hysteresis on cyclic loading and are unable to predict strain rate effects and stress relaxation. A viscoelastic-damage model can predict the large change in tangent modulus upon reversal of the strain, hysteresis, strain rate effects, and stress relaxation; however, viscoelastic-damage models are unable to simultaneously predict the modest amount of hysteresis observed in cyclic experiments and the large amount of stress relaxation observed after loading to large deformations. The analysis indicates that constitutive models that include different deformation mechanics than the traditional elastic, viscoelastic, and damage processes will be needed to describe the full range of mechanical behavior exhibited by carbon black filled elastomers.
COHESIVE ELEMENT BASED ANALYSIS OF RUBBER AND ELASTOMERIC COMPOSITES
Authors: Gurvich Mark R. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
High fidelity damage evaluation of elastomeric products should be based on analysis of both cracking initiation and growth. Application of so-called cohesive elements in finite element analysis (FEA)-based fracture analysis seems to be a very promising approach to capture these processes in computationally efficient and physically adequate way. Recent results, for example, demonstrated unique capabilities of this approach for analysis of complex laminated elastomeric composites. Significant challenges, however, are still associated with the hyperelastic nature and corresponding nonlinear issues of rubber deformation. Thus, the objective of this study is development of a generalized method of cohesive element based modeling specifically for hyperelastic, highly nonlinear problems. An additional objective is demonstration of the method on examples of representative damage mechanisms and load conditions. The paper covers details of computational implementations and presents effects of nonlinearity on obtained solutions. Finally, results of representative parametric studies are summarized in the form of helpful recommendations for practical engineering analysis.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MULLINS EFFECT OF CARBON-BLACK FILLED RUBBERS
Authors: Merckel Yannick , Diani Julie , Brieu Mathias , Gilormini Pierre , Caillard Julien 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Several carbon-black filled styrene-butadiene rubbers showed different sensibilities to the Mullins softening when submitted to cyclic uniaxial tension. In order to quantify this softening, a damage parameter was introduced. It is defined by using a classic damage approach and can be estimated by using either the strain amplification factor method or the tangent modulus at zero stress. The proposed parameter is used to study the effects of crosslink density and filler amount on the Mullins softening. The latter is shown to remain unaffected by a change of crosslink density and to increase with an increase of filler amount. The damage parameter exhibits mere linear dependences on the maximum Hencky strain applied and on the filler volume fraction. A simple linear expression is given finally to predict the Mullins softening of filled rubbers. The parameter also provides an objective analysis for the Mullins softening that supports comments on a better understanding of this effect.
EFFECT OF CURING ADDITIVES ON THE DISPERSION KINETICS OF CARBON BLACK IN RUBBER COMPOUNDS)
Authors: Le H. H. , Ilisch S. , Hamann E. , Keller M. , Radusch H-J. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The effect of curing additives on the dispersion kinetics of carbon black (CB) in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds was investigated by means of the method of the online measured electrical conductance. Addition of curing additives such as stearic acid and diphenylguanidine (DPG) accelerates the CB dispersion process significantly. The viscosity of the rubber matrix was not changed after their addition. The addition of stearic acid and DPG may alter the filler–filler interaction that consequently leads to faster dispersion processes. The obtained difference in morphologies of SBR mixtures containing stearic acid and DPG, respectively, are caused by their different infiltration behavior, which may lead to different dispersion mechanisms. Addition of ZnO could not improve the dispersion process of CB because of its limited interaction with CB. Sulfur and N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide decelerate the CB dispersion process. The strong effect of the rubber microstructure such as styrene content and molecular weight on the CB dispersion in SBR mixtures without additives was found and discussed by taking into consideration the known dispersion mechanisms. The influence of addition of curing additives on the CB dispersion in low styrene-content SBR mixtures is much more pronounced than that in high styrene-content SBR mixtures.
STRAIN-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION OF NATURAL RUBBER: A REVIEW OF X-RAY DIFFRACTION INVESTIGATIONS
Authors: Huneau Bertrand 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber was discovered in 1925 by the means of x-ray diffraction and has been widely investigated by this technique until today. The studies devoted to the structure of the crystalline phase of natural rubber are first reviewed. This structure is strongly anisotropic and can be related to the exceptionally good strength and fatigue properties of this material. The relationships between strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber and its mechanical response, during static or tension-retraction tests, are also reviewed and discussed; in particular, the hysteresis of the stress-strain curve is mainly explained by strain-induced crystallization. The kinetics of crystallization under both static and cyclic deformation is also discussed, as well as the influence of different factors, depending either on material composition (crosslink density, carbon black fillers) or on external parameters (temperature, strain rate…).
High‐level 46XX/46XY chimerism without clinical effect in a healthy multiparous female
Authors: James Paul A , Rose Katherine , Francis David , Norris Fiona 
Published: September 2011

AbstractChimerism, when more than one genetically distinct cell line originating in different zygotes is present in a single individual, is a rare event in humans but has been described more than 50 times in the literature. Nearly all the described cases have been detected due to discordance in the cell lines for the sex chromosomes, resulting in an ovotesticular disorder of sexual development. Recently, sex chromosome discordant chimerism detected prenatally has been reported where no phenotypic abnormality was found postnatally. We now report the finding of high‐level sex chromosome discordant chimerism in a healthy pregnant 46‐year‐old female with two previous healthy daughters. 46XX and 46XY cell lines were detected in blood and from the buccal mucosa and chimerism was confirmed by examination of a panel of microsatellite markers. Normal fertility and the presence of female offspring are unique findings in this case and raises the possibility that chimerism with a normal phenotype may be an underappreciated outcome even in the presence of sex chromosome discordance. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Creatine transporter defect diagnosed by proton NMR spectroscopy in males with intellectual disability
Authors: Mencarelli Maria Antonietta , Tassini Maria , Pollazzon Marzia , Vivi Antonio , Calderisi Marco , Falco Michele , Fichera Marco , Monti Lucia , Buoni Sabrina , Mari Francesca , Engelke Udo , Wevers Ron A. , Hayek Joussef , Renieri Alessandra 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCreatine deficiency syndrome due to mutations in X‐linked SLC6A8 gene results in nonspecific intellectual disability (ID). Diagnosis cannot be established on clinical grounds and is often based on the assessment of brain creatine levels by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Considering high costs of MRS and necessity of sedation, this technique cannot be used as a first level‐screening test. Likewise, gene test analysis is time consuming and not easily accessible to all laboratories. In this article feasibility of urine analysis (creatine/creatinine (Cr/Crn) ratio) performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as a first level‐screening test is explored. Before running a systematic selection of cases a preliminary study for further molecular analysis is shown. NMR urine spectra (n = 1,347) of male patients with an ID without a clinically recognizable syndrome were measured. On the basis of abnormal Cr/Crn ratio, three patients with the highest values were selected for molecular analysis. A confirmatory second urine test was positive in two patients and diagnosis was further confirmed by a decreased brain creatine level and by SLC6A8 gene analysis. A de novo mutation was identified in one. Another patient inherited a novel mutation from the mother who also has a mild ID. A repeat urine test was negative in the third patient and accordingly creatine level in the brain and SLC6A8 gene analysis both gave a normal result. We conclude that Cr/Crn ratio measured by NMR for male patients represents a rapid and useful first level screening test preceding molecular analysis. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Madelung deformity in a girl with a novel and de novo mutation in the GNAS gene
Authors: Rump Patrick , Jongbloed Jan D.H. , Sikkema‐Raddatz Birgit , Mundlos Stefan , Klopocki Eva , van der Luijt Rob B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMadelung deformity, a congenital anomaly of the wrist with subluxation of the ulna head, is not a widely recognized feature of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy. Here, we describe a young female with a bilateral Madelung deformity, mild cognitive disability, some dysmorphic facial features, and a type E‐like brachydactyly, in whom we identified a novel and de novo mutation (c.476T>C; p.Val159Ala) in exon 6 of the GNAS gene. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Somatic mosaicism contributes to phenotypic variation in Timothy syndrome
Authors: Etheridge Susan P. , Bowles Neil E. , Arrington Cammon B. , Pilcher Thomas , Rope Alan , Wilde Arthur A.M. , Alders Marielle , Saarel Elizabeth V. , Tavernier Rene , Timothy Katherine W. , Tristani‐Firouzi Martin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTimothy syndrome type 1 (TS‐1) is a rare disorder that affects multiple organ systems and has a high incidence of sudden death due to profound QT prolongation and resultant ventricular arrhythmias. All previously described cases of TS‐1 are the result of a missense mutation in exon 8A (p.G406R), an alternatively spliced variant of the L‐type calcium channel gene (Cav1.2, CACNA1C). Most patients reported in the literature represent highly affected individuals who present early in life with severe cardiac and neurological manifestations. Here, we describe somatic mosaicism in TS‐1 patients with less severe manifestations than the typical TS‐1 patient. These findings suggest that the TS prognosis may not be as dismal as previously reported. Moreover, our findings have implications for genetic counseling in that previously described de novo TS mutations may represent cases of parental mosaicism and warrant careful genotyping of parental tissue other than peripheral blood lymphocytes. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
West syndrome associated with mosaic duplication of FOXG1 in a patient with maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14
Authors: Tohyama Jun , Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Hosoki Kana , Nagasaki Keisuke , Akasaka Noriyuki , Ohashi Tsukasa , Kobayashi Yu , Saitoh Shinji 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFOXG1 on chromosome 14 has recently been suggested as a dosage‐sensitive gene. Duplication of this gene could cause severe epilepsy and developmental delay, including infantile spasms. Here, we report on a female patient diagnosed with maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 and West syndrome who carried a small supernumerary marker chromosome. A chromosomal analysis revealed mosaicism of 47,XX, + mar[8]/46,XX[18]. Spectral karyotyping multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed that the marker chromosome was derived from chromosome 14. A DNA methylation test at MEG3 in 14q32.2 and microsatellite analysis using polymorphic markers on chromosome 14 confirmed that the patient had maternal uniparental disomy 14 as well as a mosaic small marker chromosome of paternal origin containing the proximal long arm of chromosome 14. Microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization analysis conclusively defined the region of the gain of genomic copy numbers at 14q11.2‐q12, encompassing FOXG1. The results of the analyses of our patient provide further evidence that not only duplication but also a small increase in the dosage of FOXG1 could cause infantile spasms. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Did the GJB2 35delG mutation originate in Iran?
Authors: Norouzi Vahideh , Azizi Hiva , Fattahi Zohreh , Esteghamat Fatemehsadat , Bazazzadegan Niloofar , Nishimura Carla , Nikzat Nooshin , Jalalvand Khadijeh , Kahrizi Kimia , Smith Richard. J. H. , Najmabadi Hossein 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMutations in GJB2 are a major cause of autosomal recessive non‐syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) in many populations. A single mutation of this gene (35delG) accounts for approximately 70% of GJB2 mutations that are associated with ARNSHL in Caucasians in many European countries and also in Iranian. In this study, we used PCR and restriction digestion to genotype five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that define the genetic background of the 35delG mutation over an interval of 98 Kbp that includes the coding and flanking regions of GJB2. Two microsatellite markers, D13S175 and D13S141, were also analyzed in patients and controls. These data suggest that the 35delG mutation originated in northern Iran. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Reduced-Function Allele Reveals That EARLY FLOWERING3 Repressive Action on the Circadian Clock Is Modulated by Phytochrome Signals in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kolmos Elsebeth , Herrero Eva , Bujdoso Nora , Millar Andrew J. , Tóth Réka , Gyula Peter , Nagy Ferenc , Davis Seth J. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3) is essential for the generation of circadian rhythms. ELF3 has been proposed to restrict light signals to the oscillator through phytochrome photoreceptors, but that has not been explicitly shown. Furthermore, the genetic action of ELF3 within the clock had remained elusive. Here, we report a functional characterization of ELF3 through the analysis of the elf3-12 allele, which encodes an amino acid replacement in a conserved domain. Circadian oscillations persisted, and unlike elf3 null alleles, elf3-12 resulted in a short circadian period only under ambient light. The period shortening effect of elf3-12 was enhanced by the overexpression of phytochromes phyA and phyB. We found that elf3-12 was only modestly perturbed in resetting of the oscillator and in gating light-regulated gene expression. Furthermore, elf3-12 essentially displayed wild-type development. We identified targets of ELF3 transcriptional repression in the oscillator, highlighting the action at the morning gene PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR9. Taken together, we identified two separable roles for ELF3, one affecting the circadian network and the other affecting light input to the oscillator. This is consistent with a dual function of ELF3 as both an integrator of phytochrome signals and a repressor component of the core oscillator.
Boron-Dependent Degradation ofNIP5;1mRNA for Acclimation to Excess Boron Conditions inArabidopsis
Authors: Tanaka Mayuki , Takano Junpei , Chiba Yukako , Lombardo Fabien , Ogasawara Yuki , Onouchi Hitoshi , Naito Satoshi , Fujiwara Toru 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBoron (B) is an essential plant micronutrient that is toxic at higher levels. NIP5;1 is a boric acid channel required for B uptake and growth under B deficiency. Accumulation of the NIP5;1 transcript is upregulated under B deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. To elucidate the mechanism of regulation, the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of NIP5;1 was tested for its ability to confer B-dependent regulation using β-glucuronidase and green fluorescent protein as reporters. This analysis showed that the 5′ UTR was involved in NIP5;1 transcript accumulation in response to B conditions. We also found that high-B conditions trigger NIP5;1 mRNA degradation and that the sequence from +182 to +200 bp in the 5′ UTR is required for this mRNA destabilization. In the nip5;1-1 mutant background, a NIP5;1 complementation construct without the 5′ UTR produced high levels of mRNA accumulation, increased B concentrations in tissues, and reduced growth under high-B conditions. These data suggest that the 5′ UTR controls B-dependent NIP5;1 mRNA degradation and that NIP5;1 mRNA degradation is important for plant acclimation to high-B conditions.
Strategic capabilities and their relationship to organisational success and its measures
Authors: Simon Alan , Kumar Vanya , Schoeman Peter , Moffat Pirrie , Power Damien 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the strategic capabilities that are related to success in five disparate Australian industries.Design/methodology/approachFive studies were conducted using a generative multi‐stage research approach in order to determine the capabilities that are related to success in the management consulting, advertising and IT industries, legal profession and top 500 listed companies.FindingsThere is a clear commonality of capabilities across all studies. These are quality of service, particularly customer service; good leadership and vision, which encourages innovation and creativity; selection and retention of excellent staff with good technical skills; credibility, integrity and honesty; excellent differentiated product(s) or service(s); and adaptability and flexibility. In general the capabilities were significantly related to the organisational success measures.Research limitations/implicationsThe study could be extended to other Australian and international industries.Originality/valueOrganisations that develop and implement resources to be proficient in all these capabilities should achieve increased success measured by a mix of hard and soft performance indicators. Our study is differentiated because the drivers and, indeed the indicators, of success have been proffered by executives themselves (not just the literature), who were located in disparate industries. Their views are deemed important because Australia's economy emerged relatively unscathed from the global financial economy and avoided a recession.
Building a personal brand through social networking
Authors: Harris Lisa , Rae Alan 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThe “digital divide” between the “haves” and the “have nots” in the developed world is now less about access to the web than it is about understanding how to actively participate in the networked society. The paper shows how people with the skills, time and confidence to navigate and manage the online chaos will gain access to new career opportunities, find audiences for their work and enrich the lives of others. Those without such initiative risk being marginalized or left behind.DesignThis work draws upon the results of an ongoing research project which is investigating the use of new technologies by entrepreneurs and small businesses in the South East of England.FindingsThe paper demonstrates how various online services such as blogging and social networking can be harnessed to develop and enhance a personal brand.Practical implicationsFinding a job and managing career progression increasingly involves understanding how today's networks work and how to deploy them effectively to build a personal brand, both online and offline.Originality/valueThe paper provides practical guidance on building a personal brand for business or career development, based on lessons learned from “early adopters” in the field.
The corporate strategy function: improving its value and effectiveness
Authors: Brunsman Barry , DeVore Stacey , Houston Andrew 
Published: September 2011

PurposeVery few functions seem as well‐positioned as the corporate strategy function to create value. Even the name, corporate strategy, suggests access to critical information and decision‐makers, as well as distinctive contributions to the organization's most important decisions. Yet many corporate strategy functions find that their contributions are limited and they are unable to have significant, tangible impact. Understanding the opportunities to increase the value of the corporate strategy function allows managers and executives to make purposeful change to tune the function to the organization's needs.Design/methodology/approachThe authors interviewed managers and executives responsible for the corporate strategy function in 11 different companies across multiple industries. These interviews identified several approaches to providing the corporate strategy function, the keys to their success, and their limitations. A simple matrix was developed that allows the corporate strategy function to be characterized and identifies opportunities to increase the impact of the function.FindingsThe authors found that increasing the impact of the corporate strategy function involves increasing the complexity of the function's contribution (e.g., from simple analysis to solution design) or increasing the scope of that contribution (e.g., from process support to solution implementation). Increasing complexity or scope requires changes to the function's organization, processes and people competencies.Originality/valueIncreasing the impact of the corporate strategy function has clear implications – better decisions are made, important initiatives are more likely to succeed, and the strategy function is better able to meet the organization's unique needs.
The long‐run equity performance of zero‐leverage firms
Authors: Lee Hongbok , Moon Gisung 
Published: September 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to contribute to the existing finance literature on capital structure by examining the long‐run equity performance of the firms that employ extremely conservative debt policy – zero leverage for three or five consecutive years.Design/methodology/approachThis paper measures the long‐run equity performance of zero‐debt firms with two commonly used methods: the buy‐and‐hold abnormal returns following Barber and Lyon, and the Fama and French three‐factor models. The four‐factor models are also used to check the robustness of the result.FindingsThe authors find that zero‐debt firms perform better over the long run based on the calendar‐time portfolio regressions after adjusting for Fama‐French factors. The results indicate that the persistent lack of debt in the capital structure seems an important determinant of stock returns, and the impact of extreme conservatism in debt policy is not fully captured by the theoretical and empirical risk proxies, such as beta, size, book‐to‐market, and momentum.Practical implicationsThe benefit of the present article for investors and portfolio managers is the identification of an additional important determinant of stock returns.Originality/valueThis paper is the first article that thoroughly investigates the long‐run stock returns of the firms that choose to stay debt free over an extended period of time.