bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nebulized Colistin for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Authors: Louzon Patricia R. , Birrer Kara L. , Brady Jason M. 
Published: February 2010

Purpose To describe the use of nebulized colistin (colistimethate sodium) for the treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections. Specific aims were to identify dose and frequency of nebulized colistin therapy currently used, to assess clinical and microbiological efficacy, and to assess the prevalence of adverse events resulting from colistin therapy. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed at a tertiary care, level I trauma center and teaching hospital. The review included examination of 29 courses of colistin therapy administered to 24 adults receiving at least 24 hours of nebulized colistin for the treatment of gram-negative pneumonia. Results Demographic, medication, adverse event, and outcome data were collected for the duration of colistin therapy. Colistin was administered to patients with multidrug-resistant infections caused by gram-negative organisms. Many patients had a history of exposure to multiple antibiotics or drug allergies. Resistance to colistin was observed in 3 of 18 isolates with available susceptibility data. Determining the prevalence of adverse events was difficult because of the use of multiple medications. Many patients had missed antibiotic doses. A 25% mortality rate was observed. Conclusion The findings of this study serve to demonstrate the use of nebulized colistin for treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-negative pneumonia in patients without cystic fibrosis; to raise concern with regard to the large number of missed antibiotic doses; and to emphasize the need for further investigation by a larger, prospective, randomized trial.
Assessing the Influence of Acetadote on Use of Intravenous N-acetylcysteine for Acetaminophen Poisonings
Authors: Cantrell Lee , Shah Nilofar , Anderson Philip O. , Birnbaum Kathleen , Kearney Thomas E. 
Published: February 2010

Background Until recently in the United States, the intravenous (IV) administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in acetaminophen (APAP) poisonings was reserved for patients unable to take or tolerate oral NAC. Aside from these situations, oral administration of NAC was preferred. In February 2004 an IV formulation of NAC, Acetadote, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This study was designed to examine the influence of Acetadote availability on the use of IV NAC in the treatment of APAP poisonings. Methods A retrospective review of poison center records was performed for cases reported to a poison control system 6 months before (PRE) and 6 months after (POST) the release of Acetadote. Extracted variables included patient age and sex, reason for exposure, type of APAP product involved, exposure duration, rationale for use of IV NAC, reported adverse reactions, medical outcomes, and source of IV. Also, the average wholesale price for Acetadote, Mucomyst, and generic NAC were obtained. Results IV NAC was administered to 50 (2.9%) patients in the PRE group and to 183 (9.6%) patients in the POST group. Demographic data were similar for both groups. Adverse reactions to IV NAC included 2 allergic-type reactions and 1 complaint of chest tightness in the POST group and 1 allergic-type reaction in the PRE group. Discussion The release of Acetadote was associated with a 266% (2.9% to 9.6%) increase in IV NAC use. This change occurred despite a higher risk of serious adverse events with the IV route, an increase in cost when using Acetadote with equivalent treatment durations, and a lack of convincing data demonstrating that the IV route is superior in efficacy to the oral route. Conclusion The change in IV NAC usage without published rationale may be the result of effective promotional campaigns by the manufacturer of Acetadote or the assumption that newly approved products are superior to existing products.
Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System for GC-MS Screening for Drugs, Poisons, and Metabolites in Urine
Authors: Meyer Markus R , Peters Frank T , Maurer Hans H 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Background: The challenge in systematic toxicological analysis using gas chromatography and/or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry is to identify compounds of interest from background noise. The large amount of spectral information collected in one full-scan MS run demands the use of automated evaluation of recorded data files. We evaluated the applicability of the freeware deconvolution software AMDIS (Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System) for GC-MS–based systematic toxicological analysis in urine for increasing the speed of evaluation and automating the daily routine workload.
Methods: We prepared a set of 111 urine samples for GC-MS analysis by acidic hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extraction, and acetylation. After analysis, the resulting data files were evaluated manually by an experienced toxicologist and automatically using AMDIS with deconvolution and identification settings previously optimized for this type of analysis. The results by manual and AMDIS evaluation were then compared.
Results: The deconvolution settings for the AMDIS evaluation were successfully optimized to obtain the highest possible number of components. Identification settings were evaluated and chosen for a compromise between most identified targets and general number of hits. With the use of these optimized settings, AMDIS-based data analysis was comparable or even superior to manual evaluation and reduced by half the overall analysis time.
Conclusions: AMDIS proved to be a reliable and powerful tool for daily routine and emergency toxicology. Nevertheless, AMDIS can identify only targets present in the user-defined target library and may therefore not indicate unknown compounds that might be relevant in clinical and forensic toxicology.
Diabetes and Depression: Some Thoughts to Think About
Authors: Solowiejczyk Joe 
Published: February 2010

In Brief
It is a well-known clinical reality that diabetes and depression are often seen together. What is not so well known or discussed is the phenomenon called “diabetes distress,” usually several feeling states related to depression but not severe enough to be diagnosed as such. This article explores the phenomenon of diabetes distress and offer clinicians some assessment and treatment intervention strategies.
Depression Among Adults With Diabetes: Prevalence, Impact, and Treatment Options
Authors: de Groot Mary , Kushnick Michael , Doyle Todd , Merrill Jennifer , McGlynn Mark , Shubrook Jay , Schwartz Frank 
Published: February 2010

In Brief
Patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes are two times more likely to experience depression than their peers without diabetes. Comorbid depression results in deleterious effects on glycemic control, worsened diabetes complications, functional disability, and premature mortality. Once identified, depression can be effectively treated with antidepressant medications, psychotherapy, or a combination of both. Patients and providers should monitor depressive symptoms to identify their recurrence and work collaboratively to address barriers to care that exist in both urban and rural areas.
A Model of Community-Based Behavioral Intervention for Depression in Diabetes: Program ACTIVE
Authors: de Groot Mary , Kushnick Michael , Doyle Todd , Merrill Jennifer , McGlynn Mark , Shubrook Jay , Schwartz Frank 
Published: February 2010

In Brief
Depression affects one in four people with diabetes and significantly affects diabetes health. Earlier studies of the treatment of depression have documented that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and exercise have each been found to be effective in treating depression in people with and without diabetes in the context of medical settings. Individuals in rural areas lack regular access to medical centers and require treatment options that may be adapted for local communities. To date, no studies have combined CBT and exercise for people with diabetes. This article presents a translational behavioral depression intervention study designed for individuals with type 2 diabetes in a rural Appalachian region as a model of an interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of depression in diabetes.
Screening and Identification of Children and Adolescents at Risk for Depression During a Diabetes Clinic Visit
Authors: Monaghan Maureen , Singh Chandra , Streisand Randi , Cogen Fran R. 
Published: February 2010

In Brief
Among patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, depression is one of the most commonly occurring comorbid conditions. A dual diagnosis of depression and diabetes has been linked to poor adherence and decreased daily diabetes self-care and often leads to suboptimal metabolic control and increased diabetes-related complications. Pediatric diabetes clinicians are in a unique position to identify behavior changes over time and provide early identification and preventive intervention for children and adolescents at risk for depression. This article provides an overview of the differential diagnosis process that pediatric clinicians face and practical advice for providers when evaluating and addressing depressive symptoms during routine diabetes clinic visits.
Determination of metoprolol tartrate by capillary isotachophoresis
Authors: Kurzawa Marzanna 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper describes two isotachophoretic methods of metoprolol tartrate (MT) determination in pure and dosage forms. The first method was used for direct analysis where the following electrolyte system was applied: 10 mmol dm−3 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, 10 mmol dm−3 NaCl, 2 % hydroxyethylocelulose as leading (LE) and 10 mmol dm−3 glycyl-glycine as terminating (TE) electrolytes. The second method was used for indirect analysis of MT as tartrate ions. In this case, the leading electrolyte consisted of 10 mmol dm−3 HCl, β-alanine (BALA), pH 4-5, and the terminating one of 5 mmol dm−3 glutamic acid, 10 mmol dm−3 β-alanine. Calibration curves were calculated as follows: for system A: y = (0.52 ± 0.05)x − (0.9 ± 0.2) (LOD = 13.0 mg dm−3, LOQ = 31.7 mg dm−3); and for system B: y = (0.240 +- 0.001)x + (0.18 ± 0.06) (LOD = 1.8 mg dm−3, LOQ = 4.4 mg dm−3). The isotachophoretic method was compared with the pharmacopoeial one by statistical tests.
Suicide in Selected Occupations in Queensland: Evidence from the State Suicide Register
Authors: Andersen Kirsty , Hawgood Jacinta , Klieve Helen , Kõlves Kairi , De Leo Diego 
Published: February 2010

Objective: Prior research has suggested an association between suicide and certain occupations. The aim of the present study was to report on suicide rates in selected occupations in Queensland (QLD). Method: Suicide mortality data from the QLD Suicide Register and population data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics were obtained for the period 1990–2006. Suicide rates were calculated for each occupational group and compared to rates within the general population (15–64 year age group) and the employed population of QLD. Results: There was significantly higher risk of suicide for male subjects in the agricultural, transport and construction sectors of QLD. High suicide rates were also found in female nurses, artists, agricultural workers and cleaners, while education professionals (of both genders) appeared at lower risk. Conclusions: The significantly higher suicide rates for employees of the agriculture, construction, and transport industries indicate a need for further research into the occupation-specific conditions and individual or other social–environmental factors that may accentuate suicide risk within these professions. Use of higher quality occupational data is also warranted in future studies.
Identification of New Pathogenic Players in Lupus: Autoantibody-Secreting Cells Are Present in Nephritic Kidneys of (NZBxNZW)F1 Mice
Authors: Lacotte Stéphanie , Dumortier Hélène , Décossas Marion , Briand Jean-Paul , Muller Sylviane 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
An important hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus is the production of autoantibodies specific for nuclear Ags, among which nucleosomes and their constituents, DNA and histones. It is widely admitted that some of these autoantibodies contribute largely in lupus pathogenesis because of their nephritogenic potential. However, the underlying mechanisms are still debated. In this study, we analyzed the autoimmune response against histone H2B during the course of the disease in lupus-prone (NZBxNZW)F1 mice, both in lymphoid organs and kidneys, and we assessed its potential involvement in lupus pathogenicity. We found that the N-terminal region of histone H2B represents a preferential target for circulating autoantibodies, which kinetics of appearance positively correlates with disease development. Furthermore, immunization of preautoimmune (NZBxNZW)F1 mice with H2B peptide 1–25 accelerates the disease. Kidney eluates from diseased (NZBxNZW)F1 mice do contain IgG Abs reacting with this peptide, and this H2B sequence was found to be accessible to specific Ab probes in Ag-containing deposits detected in nephritic kidneys. Finally, compared with control normal mice and to young preautoimmune (NZBxNZW)F1 animals, the frequency of cells secreting autoantibodies reacting with peptide 1–25 was significantly raised in the spleen and bone marrow and most importantly on a pathophysiological point of view, locally, in nephritic kidneys of diseased (NZBxNZW)F1 mice. Altogether our results demonstrate the existence in (NZBxNZW)F1 mice of both a systemic and local B cell response targeting the N-terminal region of histone H2B, and highlight the potential implication of this nuclear domain in lupus pathology.
Oriented Grain Growth Analyses With In Situ Annealing Experiments Using High Energy Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Tommaseo Caterina Elisabetta , Klein Helmut 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe development of the recrystallization and annealing textures of Al–Mn alloys with 0.4, 0.7 and 1 wt.‐% manganese is analyzed using specific techniques that allow the detection of changes in grain orientation during in situ annealing. In order to investigate the evolution of texture components during annealing, highly rolled samples were annealed from room temperature to 500 °C at a constant heating rate. The advantage of in situ annealing experiments using synchrotron radiation is the detection of grain orientations over time, which allows observation of the development of the recrystallization and annealing textures in a sample. In fact, the recrystallization and annealing textures in the Al–0.4Mn are characterized by an interruption in the detection of most of the grain orientations between 380 and 425 °C and by competition between the cube {001}<100>, {011}<1‐33>, {011}<0‐11> and rotated‐cube {001}<110> grain orientations, where the latter is detected until the end of the experiment. In the Al–0.7Mn sample a competition between the cube {001}<100>, {011}<100>, and rotated cube {001}<110>, {011}<0–11> grain orientations is observed. In the sample with the highest manganese concentration (1 wt.‐%) an unhindered grain growth of all possible grain orientations with a high amount of the {011}<0‐11> grain orientation is observed. The evolution of the resulting local textures is discussed in terms of preferentially oriented grain growth depending on the temperature and manganese concentration.
Fabrication of CdSe‐Nanofibers with Potential for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Fahmi Amir , Pietsch Torsten , Bryszewska Maria , Rodríguez‐Cabello José Carlos , Koceva‐Chyla Aneta , Arias Francisco Javier , Rodrigo Matilde Alonso , Gindy Nabil 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe design and synthesis of nanostructured functional hybrid biomaterials are essential for the next generation of advanced diagnostics and the treatment of disease. A simple route to fabricate semiconductor nanofibers by self‐assembled, elastin‐like polymer (ELP)‐templated semiconductor nanoparticles is reported. Core–shell nanostructures of CdSe nanoparticles with a shell of ELPs are used as building blocks to fabricate functional one‐dimensional (1D) nanostructures. The CdSe particles are generated in situ within the ELP matrix at room temperature. The ELP controls the size and the size‐distribution of the CdSe nanoparticles in an aqueous medium and simultaneously directs the self‐assembly of core–shell building blocks into fibril architectures. It was found that the self‐assembly of core–shell building blocks into nanofibers is strongly dependent on the pH value of the medium. Results of cytotoxicity and antiproliferation of the CdSe‐ELP nanofibers demonstrate that the CdSe‐ELP does not exhibit any toxicity towards B14 cells. Moreover, these are found to be markedly capable of crossing the cell membrane of B14. In contrast, unmodified CdSe nanoparticles with ELPs cause a strong toxic response and reduction in the cell proliferation. This concept is valid for the fabrication of a variety of metallic and semiconductor 1D‐architectures. Therefore, it is believed that these could be used not only for biomedical purposes but for application in a wide range of advanced miniaturized devices.
Planar Alignment of Columnar Discotic Liquid Crystals by Isotropic Phase Dewetting on Chemically Patterned Surfaces
Authors: Bramble Jonathan P. , Tate Daniel J. , Revill Derek J. , Sheikh Khizar H. , Henderson James R. , Liu Feng , Zeng Xiangbing , Ungar Goran , Bushby Richard J. , Evans Stephen D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA novel method of creating planar aligned columnar discotic liquid crystals (cDLCs) on surfaces, which also gives control over the azimuthal angle, is presented. Surfaces are chemically patterned with stripes via microcontact printing of organothiol self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold, or via deep UV patterning of organosilane SAMs on silicon. These are then used to isolate long droplets of cDLCs by dewetting in the isotropic phase. Upon cooling from the isotropic into the hexagonal columnar phase, polarizing microscopy reveals that the cDLC aligns in a planar orientation. Results for three triphenylene derivatives (HAT‐6, HHTT, H7T) and for a phthalocyanine derivative (8H2Pc) are presented. H7T and HAT‐6 are found to align with the director perpendicular to the stripe direction, but HHTT and 8H2Pc align parallel to the stripe direction. This relatively simple new method for creating planar aligned columnar phases of DLCs gives control over the azimuthal angle: a condition required for organic field‐effect transistor applications of cDLCs.
Synthesis of High‐Surface‐Area Platinum Nanotubes Using a Viral Template
Authors: Górzny Marcin Ł. , Walton Alex S. , Evans Stephen D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA novel method for the synthesis of high‐active‐surface‐area, platinum–tobacco mosaic virus (Pt–TMV) nanotubes is presented. A platinum salt is reduced to its metallic form on the external surface of a rod‐shaped TMV by methanol, which serves as a solvent and reductant simultaneously. It was found that for the same Pt loading the Pt–TMV nanotubes had an electrochemically active surface area between 4 to 8 times larger than similarly sized Pt nanoparticles. A Pt–TMV catalyst displays greater stability in acidic conditions than those based on nanoparticles. When used as a catalyst for methanol oxidation, these Pt nanotubes display a 65% increase in catalytic mass activity compared to that based on Pt nanoparticles.
Monozygotic twins discordant for phacomatosis pigmentovascularis: Evidence for the concept of twin spotting
Authors: Moutray Tanya , Napier Maria , Shafiq Ayad , Fryer Alan , Rankin Simon , Willoughby Colin E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe term phacomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) refers to the occurrence of vascular nevi with melanocytic or epidermal nevi. We report on monozygotic twins (MZTs) discordant for phacomatosis cesioflammea (PPV type II) providing evidence for the mechanism of twin spotting in the development of PPV. The affected twin had a nevus flammeus on the right arm and the right maxilla, and a pigmented area on the trunk in keeping with a persistent, aberrant Mongolian spot. The affected twin had bilateral ocular melanocytosis with abnormal scleral pigmentation, iris mamillations, increased pigmentation of the trabecular meshwork, and increased fundal pigmentation and secondary glaucoma. DNA testing confirmed monozygosity. This case of MZTs discordant for PPV supports the hypothesis that PPV results from mosaicism due to a post‐zygotic mutational event and the concept of twin spotting. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutational analysis of two boys with the severe perinatally lethal Melnick–Needles syndrome
Authors: Santos Helena H. , Garcia Paula P. , Pereira Latife , Leão Letícia L. , Aguiar Regina A.P.L. , Lana Ana M.A. , Carvalho Maria Raquel S. , Aguiar Marcos J.B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMelnick–Needles syndrome (MNS) (OMIM 309350) is a rare, X‐linked dominant condition, caused by mutations in the filamin A gene (FLNA, on Xq28). In females, the syndrome presents with bone dysplasia and characteristic facial changes. Affected males may show two different phenotypes. One is similar to the female phenotype and is seen in children born to unaffected mothers and suggesting new mutations. Alternatively, males born to affected mothers have an embryonic or perinatally lethal disorder. It has been claimed that MNS constitutes part of a spectrum including frontometaphyseal dysplasia, otopalatodigital syndrome type 1 (OPD1) and otopalatodigital syndrome type 2 (OPD2). These conditions are produced by different mutations in the filamin A gene (FLNA). MNS is caused by three different mutations in FLNA exon 22, to date detected only in females. We describe the clinical manifestations and present the results of FLNA exon 22 mutations screening in two boys with the perinatally lethal form of MNS and their affected mothers. In order to obtain DNA amplification from paraffin‐embedded tissues, we designed a new method based on hemi‐nested PCR. One of the children (and his mother) had a previously undescribed mutation produced by a double SNP in the positions 3776 and 3777 of the gene and leading to an amino acid substitution (NP_001447:p.[Gly1176Asp]). The second child (and his mother) had an already known mutation (NP_001447.2:p[.Ser1199Leu]). This is the first report confirming the presence FLNA mutations in boys with the perinatally lethal phenotype of MNS. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.