bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model of uveitis in rabbit
Authors: EPERON S , BALASKAS K , VAUDAUX J , RODRIGUEZ‐ALLER M , GURNY R , GUEX‐CROSIER Y 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To develop a long‐term experimental model of uveitis using a new easier method for animals. Methods A suspension of desiccated Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA was mixed with TiterMax® Gold Adjuvant to produce a water‐in‐oil emulsion. Pigmented rabbits were pre‐sensitized with a s.c. multisite injection (400 ul) of emulsion. Two challenges were performed by intravitreal injection of 100 ul of M. tuberculosis H37RA suspension, under systemic and topical anesthesia. Clinical examinations and aqueous humors punctures under systemic anesthesia were regularly performed till day 71. Hyperemia, chemosis, edema and secretion were clinically scored from 0 to 3. Ocular inflammation was assessed by: a) the clinical score mean (sum of individual scores divided by 4), b) the number of inflammatory cells in aqueous humor (AH) and c) the protein concentration in AH. Results Rabbits presented a nodule at the sites of pre‐sensitization injection. Clinical score of inflammation reached a maximum 3 days after the first intravitreal challenge. The AH contained 835 cells/ ul and protein concentration in AH was 30 mg /ml. During the following days, inflammatory cell number and protein concentration in AH significantly decreased, whereas the clinical score returned to zero. The second intravitreal challenge induced an inflammation; six days after this challenge, 3800 cells/ul and 30 mg of proteins /ml were counted in AH. Inflammation remained high to moderate over 21 days at least. Conclusion We developed a new model of experimental uveitis, whose schedule was simple. The use of TiterMax® Gold Adjuvant showed advantages over other adjuvants. And uveitis could be maintained during 21 days at least.
Demodex infestation and cylindrical dandruff
Authors: BONSHEK RE , IRION LD , ATAULLAH S , SAHA K 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Cylindrical dandruff (CD) is usually bilateral and can be poor responsive to treatment. Demodex mites (DM) mites have been described to be associated with this condition. Methods We present a series of cases of eyelid irritation and erythema associated with CD in which confirmation of infestation with DM was attempted through direct light microscopy of eyelashes. The following protocol for direct microscopy of eyelashes was performed: Lashes presenting adherent thick secretion at their insertion were collected from both sides and immediately mounted on glass slides with a drop of saline and a coverslip. A drop of alcohol was pipetted on to the slide to facilitate the identification of mites by increasing their movements. The slides were immediately examined under the microscope. Results The presence of hair bulb was confirmed microscopically in all cases. DM mites were present in 4 of 6 cases. The mites were seen in the thick secretion adherent to the root of the hair. A few were loose adjacent to the hair. Conclusion Direct microscopy of lashes is useful for confirmation of infestation with DM in cases of CD non‐responsive to treatment.
Posterior capsular opacification after cataract surgery in uveitis
Authors: ROUTLEDGE CE , HARDING J , TOMLINS PJ , MURRAY PI 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is commoner in uveitic eyes, yet the reasons for this are not fully understood. This study determines the incidence of PCO and Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy after cataract surgery and implantation of a particular acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) in patients with uveitis, and identifies associated risk factors. Methods A retrospective case series of patients with various types of uveitis, and a consecutive cohort of patients with age‐related cataract (controls) all undergoing phakoemulsification cataract surgery and implantation of a Rayner acrylic, hydrophilic IOL. Patients were identified from theatre and laser records. Patients from both cohorts were followed up for 2 years. Results After 2 years, of the 219 control eyes identified only 4 (1.8%) had Nd:YAG capsulotomies performed. In the uveitis group, PCO occurred in 61 of 132 eyes (46.2%). Panuveitis was the commonest type of uveitis associated with the development of PCO (50.6%), and sarcoidosis (7/13 eyes, 53.8%), and Fuchs’ heterochromic cyclitis (7/16 eyes, 43.8%) were the most frequently associated conditions. The use of iris retractors or synechiolysis was not associated with PCO. Nd:YAG capsulotomy was required in only 10 of the 61 uveitic eyes (16.4%) with PCO. Conclusion The Rayner acrylic, hydrophilic IOL appears to have a very low Nd:YAG rate after 2 years in patients having undergone uncomplicated phakoemulsification for age‐related cataract. Although almost 50% of uveitic eyes after 2 years developed PCO with this IOL, in the majority of those eyes it did not result in significant visual impairment as only 10 eyes required Nd:YAG capsulotomy.
Distribution of uveitis in a Belgian university referral center for ocular inflammation
Authors: JANSSENS S , WILLERMAIN F , MAKHOUL D , CASPERS L 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose : To study the clinical characteristics of patients with uveitis seen in our center. Methods We have retrospectively analysed the charts of 567 patients with uveitis seen in the department of ophthalmology of the CHU St‐Pierre in Bruxelles, Belgium, between January 2004 and December 2008. Each patient was classified according to the clinical presentation, anatomic localization and results from the systemic work‐up. Results Anterior uveitis was most frequent (61.9%) followed by panuveitis (21.7%), posterior uveitis (11.3%) and intermediate uveitis (5.11%). Anterior uveitis were non granulomatous in 59,8%, granulomatous in 29,1% and associated with keratitis in 11,1% of the cases. HLA‐B27 with or without seronegative SPA uveitis were the most frequent forms of anterior uveitis followed by herpes (including one third demonstrated by PCR). Intermediate uveitis were most often idiopathic or due to Fuchs uveitis syndrome. Behcet disease, followed by toxoplasmosis was the most frequent cause of posterior uveitis. Toxoplasmosis and sarcoïdosis were the most frequent causes of panuveitis. Conclusion The distribution of the different forms of uveitis is relatively closed to other published studies for the referral tertiary center. Our high percentage of final diagnosis is in accordance with the more recent series. It might reflect a better definition of certain clinical entities and the development of new diagnostic tools.
Continuous oral versus single pulse intravenous corticosteroid in the prevention of inflammation following cataract surgery in uveitis patients
Authors: KAILEY A , TOMLINS PJ , RAUZ S , MURRAY PI 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To compare post‐operative inflammation and development of cystoid macular oedema (CMO) in uveitis patients undergoing cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation who had either pre‐operative oral or intra‐venous (IV) corticosteroid. Methods Retrospective case note study comparing uveitis patients undergoing phakoemulsification cataract surgery and implantation of an acrylic IOL (performed by one surgeon), having either oral corticosteroid (usually 40mg prednisolone two weeks prior to surgery and tapered by 5‐10mg weekly post‐operatively) or a single 500mg IV methylprednisolone pulse one hour prior to surgery. Results 30 procedures (35 patients) were identified where pre‐operative oral corticosteroid had been given, and 93 procedures (76 patients) where IV corticosteroid was given. In the oral corticosteroid cohort there were 2 (7%) episodes of fibrinous uveitis and 4 (13%) episodes of CMO within 90 days of the surgery. In the IV cohort there were 3 (3%) episodes of fibrinous uveitis and 16 (17%) episodes of CMO within 90 days of surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of episodes of fibrinous uveitis or CMO between the two groups. Conclusion There was no difference in the incidence of post‐operative fibrinous uveitis or CMO in patients who were given either pre‐operative oral or IV corticosteroid. A single pulse of 500mg IV methylprednisolone appears a reasonable alternative to a course of oral prednisolone in uveitis patients undergoing cataract surgery.
Molecular epidemiology of adenoviral conjunctivitis in Athens, Greece
Authors: MOUSTAKA L , SPANAKI N , HALKIADAKIS I , STAUROPOULOU A , METAXAKI I , MAKRI T , VOYATZI A , TSAKRIS A 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To investigate the genotypes (subgenera) and variant serotypes of adenoviruses (HAdV) causing epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) in Athens, Greece. Methods Conjunctival swabs were collected from 55 patients aged 20 to 70 years old with a clinical presentation compatible with adenoviral conjunctivitis, during a four months period (from January until April 2010). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was performed to detect HAdV. The sequence of PCR products was analyzed to determine the subgenera of A,B,C,D,E, F and to identify variant serotypes of HAdV conjuctivitis by specific primers. Results Of 55 samples, HAdV DNA was detected in 19 samples (34.5%). Severe keratitis diagnosed in about 42.1% of examined positive patients. The subgenera analysis showed HAdV‐D in all positive samples with serotypes HAdV‐8 (63.15%), HAdV‐19 (15.8%) and HAdV‐37 (21.05%). Abrupt of photophobia, tearing, pain and severe red eye with edema and pain of the upper lid occurred commonly with conjuctival scarring. Subepithelial corneal keratitis was developed and persisted for period up to three weeks. Conclusion From the molecular analysis, HAdV‐8 was found to be the predominant serotype of the subgenus D of HAdV in Athens, Greece during the studied period.
Randomized trial evaluating ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema
Authors: EDWARDS P 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab combined with prompt or deferred laser or intravitreal triamcinolone combined with prompt laser compared to laser alone for diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods 691 study participants (854 eyes) with center‐involved DME and visual acuity 20/32 to 20/320 were enrolled in a multi‐center randomized clinical trial. Eyes were randomized to Group A: sham injection+prompt laser (n = 293), Group B: 0.5‐mg intravitreal ranibizumab+prompt laser (n = 187), Group C: 0.5‐mg intravitreal ranibizumab+deferred laser (n = 188), or Group D: 4‐mg intravitreal triamcinolone+prompt laser (n = 186). Results The 1‐year mean change in the visual acuity letter score from baseline was significantly greater in Group B (+9, P<0.001) and Group C (+9, P<0.001) but not in Group D (+4, P = 0.31) compared with Group A (+3). Reduction in mean central subfield thickness in Group D was similar to Groups B&C and greater than Group A.. Traction retinal detachment (0.3%) and endophthalmitis (0.8%) occurred infrequently in Groups B&C, while cataract and elevated IOP occurred more often in Group D. Conclusion At 1 year intravitreal ranibizumab with prompt or deferred laser is more effective compared with prompt laser alone for the treatment of center involved DME. Intravitreal triamciolone+ laser did not result in superior visual acuity outcomes compared with laser alone. Ranibizumab as applied in this study, although uncommonly associated with endophthalmitis, should be considered for patients with DME and characteristics similar to those in this clinical trial. Supported through a cooperative agreement from the NEI and the NIDDK, National
Clinical accuracy of focal laser treatment for diabetic macular edema using a retinal navigated laser (Navilas®)
Authors: KERNT M , WOLF A , HARITOGLOU CH , CHEUTEU R , ULBIG MW , KAMPIK A , NEUBAUER AS 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To investigate accuracy of a navigating laser photo‐coagulator in clinically significant macular edema. Methods Focal laser in 20 patients was digitally planned on fundus images and performed with navigation using Navilas® (OD‐OS GmbH, Teltow, Germany). On color images, OCT and autofluorescence we analyzed 784 laser spots (mean 39 per eye) at one week follow‐up and determined accuracy of spot placement using an image flicker method. Results 76% of lesions were visible on color images, 95% were within 100 µm from the planned target. OCT confirmed that laser effects were limited to the outer retina. Conclusion Navilas® laser effects were visualized to high percentage on post‐treatment images, location showed high concordance to preplanning.
Pegaptanib in diabetic macular edema (dme): vision related quality of life (qol) results from a phase 2/3, 2‐year, double‐masked trial
Authors: LOFTUS J , PLEIL A , MACUGEN 1013 STUDY GROUP  
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To compare self‐reported vision functioning and vision related‐QoL in patients with DME treated with intravitreous pegaptanib 0.3 mg versus sham injection. Methods This randomized (1:1), controlled, multicenter trial included subjects with DME (center point thickness on OCT ≥250 µm) and visual acuity (VA) ≤65 letters and ≥35 letters. In Year 1, pegaptanib or sham was administered every 6 weeks with focal/grid photocoagulation at investigator discretion after week 18. Subjects received injections as often as every 6 weeks per prespecified criteria in Year 2. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion gaining ≥10 letters from baseline to week 54. Change in visual functioning from baseline to Weeks 54 was assessed with the National Eye Institute – Visual Functioning Questionnaire. Results 133 pegaptanib‐ and 127 sham‐treated subjects were in the Year 1 modified intent‐to‐treat population. From baseline to Week 54, gains of ≥10 letters were seen in 49 (36.8%) pegaptanib and 25 (19.7%) sham‐treated subjects (odds ratio [95% CI]: 2.38 [1.32,4.30], P=0.0047). The subscales of Near Vision, Distance Vision, and Social Functioning (Week 54) demonstrated clinically meaningful (>5‐point between‐group difference) and statistically significant (P<0.05) benefits favoring pegaptanib. A positive numerical trend in favour of pegaptanib was observed for the Composite Score and the majority of other subscales. Conclusion The vision improvement from pegaptanib treatment compared to sham is associated with improved visual functioning as reported by the DME patient.
Commercial interest
Association of endothelial lipase Thr111ile polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: LECLERCQ I 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Identifying risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major challenge in order to meet the increasing screening workload. Endothelial lipase is a key enzyme in lipid metabolism, thus a polymorphism in the EL gene may be a candidate for modulating the incidence of microangiopathy in type 2 diabetic subjects.To characterize the features of diabetic retinopathy in case of polymorphism in endothelial lipase (EL) gene. Methods In a group of 396 NIDD M patients (mean age=59.5 years, mean BMI=28.9 kg/m2, and mean HbA1C=8.2%), the c.584C>T polymorphism (rs2000813, p.Thr111Ile) was found in 225 males (frequency of c.584T=0.351) and 171 females (frequency of c.584T=0.304). Results Homozygosity for the minor allele was significantly associated with the frequency of retinopathy (2=4.996, 1df, p=0.025) with homozygous subjects being more likely to have diabetic retinopathy (OR 3.505; 95%CI: 1.491‐8.239). In this group, proliferative DR was most frequently encountered (33,3%), followed by minimal non proliferative DR (28,5%), severe nonproliferative DR (26,2%) and moderate non proliferative (12%). Conclusion The presence of this polymorphism of the EL gene might be useful to identify a subgroup of diabetic patients at high risk for developing sight threatening proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Mechanisms underlying the protective effects of calcium dobesilate against the breakdown of blood‐retinal barrier induced by diabetes
Authors: AMBROSIO A , LEAL E , MARTINS J , VOABIL P , LIBERAL J , CHIAVAROLI C , BAUER J , CUNHA‐VAZ J 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Calcium dobesilate (CaD) is used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, but its mechanism of action is not completely elucidated. We investigated the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of CaD against the blood‐retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown induced by diabetes. Methods Wistar rats were divided into: controls, diabetic (1 month diabetes duration) and diabetic treated with CaD (100 mg/kg/day; orally given) during the last 10 days. The BRB breakdown was evaluated using Evans blue. The content or distribution of occludin, claudin‐5, ZO‐1, ICAM‐1 and p38 MAPK was evaluated by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Leukocyte adhesion was evaluated in retinal vessels and in vitro. Oxidative stress was evaluated by the detection of oxidized carbonyls and tyrosine nitration. NF‐κB activation was measured by ELISA. Results Diabetes increased the BRB permeability and retinal thickness, decreased occludin and claudin‐5 levels, and altered the distribution of ZO‐1 and occludin in retinal vessels. CaD inhibited these changes, as well as the increase in ICAM‐1 levels and leukocyte adhesion to retinal vessels or endothelial cells induced by diabetes or high glucose. Moreover, CaD decreased oxidative stress, and p38 MAPK and NF‐κB activation caused by diabetes. Conclusion CaD prevents the BRB breakdown induced by diabetes by restoring tight junction protein levels and organization and decreasing leukocyte adhesion to retinal vessels. The protective effects of CaD are likely to involve the inhibition of p38 MAPK and NF‐κB activation, possibly through the inhibition of oxidative/nitrosative stress. Support: OM Pharma SA, Switzerland
Evaluation of different automated fundus photograph analysis algorithms for detecting and grading diabetic retinopathy
Authors: VALVERDE C , GARCíA M , HORNERO R , DIEZ A , LOPEZ MI 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an important cause of visual impairment in industrialised countries. Automatic detection of DR primary lesions can contribute to the diagnosis and grading of the disease. The aim of this study was to develop an automated algorithm and a computer assisted diagnosis system for the detection of DR and diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods To achieve this goal, we extracted a set of colour and shape features from image regions and performed feature selection using logistic regression. Four neural network (NN) based classifiers were subsequently used to obtain the final segmentation of Hard exudates, Microaneurysms and Haemorraghes; multilayer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF), support vector machine (SVM) and a combination of these three NNs using a majority voting (MV) schema. The database was composed of 117 images. Results Attending to performance and complexity criteria, the best results for primary lesions were obtained for RBF. Using an image‐based criterion, a mean sensitivity of 100%, mean specificity of 70.4% and mean accuracy of 88.1% were achieved for hard exudates and a mean sensitivity of 100%, and mean accuracy of 83.08% for haemorraghes. Conclusion This study shows that algorithms based in NNs for computer‐aided diagnosis are a reliable alternative to time‐consuming manual screening of diabetic retinopathy.
Intravitreal ranibizumab and bevacizumab to treat diabetic macular edema
Authors: MONTERO MORENO JA , RUIZ MORENO JM 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To report the comparative efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab and ranibizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular oedema (DME). Methods Interventional, case report series. Two patients who were on treatment for DME by monthly intravitreal ranibizumab in one eye, were started on treatment by intravitreal bevacizumab for DME in the fellow eye. The patients were monthly evaluated by complete ocular examination, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) performed by certified optometrists and Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results Eyes treated by intravitreal ranibizumab showed a complete resolution of DME as documented by OCT and significantly improved BCVA. DME recurred after two to three months requiring further injections. The fellow eyes showed a progression of DME and decreased BCVA while untreated. Intravitreal bevacizumab did not induce any significant change in macular thickness or BCVA and did not prevent DME progression. Conclusion Intravitreal ranibizumab seems to improve BCVA and macular thickness in DME though recurrence of the condition makes it necessary to repeat intravitreal injections. Intravitreal bevacizumab does not seem to reduce macular thickness or improve visual function in patients with DME in whom good results had been observed after intravitreal ranibizumab.
Commercial interest
Retinal vascular reactivity and kidney function in type 2 NPDR
Authors: KHUU LA , PUZYEYEVA O , FLANAGAN JG , HUDSON C , LAM WC , WONG T , MARKOWITZ SN , BRENT M , MANDELCORN M , DEVENYI RG 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To investigate the association between retinal vascular function and kidney function in non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Methods 10 control subjects (mean age 55±12yrs), 22 type 2 patients with mild‐to‐moderate NPDR (61±9yrs) and 14 type 2 patients with moderate‐to‐severe (62±11yrs) NPDR were recruited. Retinal vessel diameter, velocity, velocity pulse amplitude and blood flow were assessed in the supero‐temporal arteriole using bi‐directional laser Doppler flowmetry and simultaneous vessel reflectometry. Retinal vascular reactivity (VR) was quantified as the difference in hemodynamic parameters between baseline and isocapnic hyperoxia. Forearm blood samples were taken to derive plasma sodium, creatinine, albumin, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and hemoglobin (A1c) levels. Urine samples were taken to derive albumin:creatinine ratio (A:C ratio) and microalbumin. All parameters were compared between groups and VR was correlated with systemic markers. Results VR for vessel diameter, velocity, pulse amplitude and blood flow were not different between groups. A:C ratio (ANOVA, p=0.010), microalbumin (p=0.005) and A1c (p=0.006) were elevated in patients with diabetes. The magnitude of VR for retinal vessel diameter was weakly correlated with GFR across the pooled groups (r=‐0.3992, p=0.006). Within the moderate‐to‐severe NPDR group, VR for vessel diameter was strongly correlated with GFR (r=‐0.8551, p=0.001). VR for pulse amplitude was also found to be moderately related to plasma Na levels in moderate‐to‐severe NPDR group (r=‐0.6809, p=0.007). Conclusion Disturbance of retinal VR was related to kidney function in patients with NPDR, especially in the moderate‐to‐severe group.