bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GROUPS WITH SUBNORMAL NORMALIZERS OF SUBNORMAL SUBGROUPS
Authors: BEIDLEMAN J. C. , HEINEKEN H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe consider the class of solvable groups in which all subnormal subgroups have subnormal normalizers, a class containing many well-known classes of solvable groups. Groups of this class have Fitting length three at most; some other information connected with the Fitting series is given.
The effect of lutein- and zeaxanthin-rich foods v. supplements on macular pigment level and serological markers of endothelial activation, inflammation and oxidation: pilot studies in healthy volunteers
Authors: Graydon Ryan , Hogg Ruth E. , Chakravarthy Usha , Young Ian S. , Woodside Jayne V. 
Published: February 2012

The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of lutein- and zeaxanthin-rich foods and supplements on macular pigment level (MPL) and serological markers of endothelial activation, inflammation and oxidation in healthy volunteers. We conducted two 8-week intervention studies. Study 1 (n 52) subjects were randomised to receive either carrot juice (a carotene-rich food) or spinach powder (a lutein- and zeaxanthin-rich food) for 8 weeks. Study 2 subjects (n 75) received supplements containing lutein and zeaxanthin, β-carotene, or placebo for 8 weeks in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. MPL, serum concentrations of lipid-soluble antioxidants, inter-cellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, C-reactive protein and F2-isoprostane levels were assessed at baseline and post-intervention in both studies. In these intervention studies, no effects on MPL or markers of endothelial activation, inflammation or oxidation were observed. However, the change in serum lutein and zeaxanthin was associated or tended to be associated with the change in MPL in those receiving lutein- and zeaxanthin-rich foods (lutein r 0·40, P = 0·05; zeaxanthin r 0·30, P = 0·14) or the lutein and zeaxanthin supplement (lutein r 0·43, P = 0·03; zeaxanthin r 0·22, P = 0·28). In both studies, the change in MPL was associated with baseline MPL (food study r − 0·54, P < 0·001; supplement study r − 0·40, P < 0·001). We conclude that this 8-week supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin, whether as foods or as supplements, had no significant effect on MPL or serological markers of endothelial activation, inflammation and oxidation in healthy volunteers, but may improve MPL in the highest serum responders and in those with initially low MPL.
Spirulina is an effective dietary source of zeaxanthin to humans
Authors: Yu Bolan , Wang Jie , Suter Paolo M. , Russell Robert M. , Grusak Michael A. , Wang Yin , Wang Zhixu , Yin Shian , Tang Guangwen 
Published: February 2012

Zeaxanthin is a predominant xanthophyll in human eyes and may reduce the risk of cataracts and age-related macular degeneration. Spirulina is an algal food that contains a high concentration of zeaxanthin. In order to determine the zeaxanthin bioavailability of spirulina for dietary supplementation in humans, spirulina was grown in nutrient solution with2H2O for carotenoid labelling. Single servings of2H-labelled spirulina (4·0–5·0 g) containing 2·6–3·7 mg zeaxanthin were consumed by fourteen healthy male volunteers (four Americans and ten Chinese) with 12 g dietary fat. Blood samples were collected over a 45 d period. The serum concentrations of total zeaxanthin were measured using HPLC, and the enrichment of labelled zeaxanthin was determined using LC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-MS (LC-APCI-MS). The results showed that intrinsically labelled spirulina zeaxanthin in the circulation was detected at levels as low as 10 % of the total zeaxanthin for up to 45 d after intake of the algae. A single dose of spirulina can increase mean serum zeaxanthin concentration in humans from 0·06 to 0·15 μmol/l, as shown in our study involving American and Chinese volunteers. The average 15 d area under the serum zeaxanthin response curve to the single dose of spirulina was 293 nmol × d/μmol (range 254–335) in American subjects, and 197 nmol × d/μmol (range 154–285) in Chinese subjects. It is concluded that the relative bioavailability of spirulina zeaxanthin can be studied with high sensitivity and specificity using2H labelling and LC-APCI-MS methodology. Spirulina can serve as a rich source of dietary zeaxanthin in humans.
Effect of different long-chain fatty acids on cholecystokinin releasein vitroand energy intake in free-living healthy males
Authors: Harden Charlotte J. , Jones Adam N. , Maya-Jimenez Tannia , Barker Margo E. , Hepburn Natalie J. , Garaiova Iveta , Plummer Sue F. , Corfe Bernard M. 
Published: February 2012

Long-chain fatty acids have been shown to suppress appetite and reduce energy intake (EI) by stimulating the release of gastrointestinal hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK). The effect of NEFA acyl chain length on these parameters is not comprehensively understood. Anin vitroscreen tested the capacity of individual NEFA (C12 to C22) to trigger CCK release. There was a gradient in CCK release with increasing chain length. DHA (C22) stimulated significantly (P < 0·01) more CCK release than all other NEFA tested. Subsequently, we conducted a randomised, controlled, crossover intervention study using healthy males (n18). The effects of no treatment (NT) and oral doses of emulsified DHA-rich (DHA) and oleic acid (OA)-rich oils were compared using 24 h EI as the primary endpoint. Participants reported significantly (P = 0·039) lower total daily EI (29 % reduction) with DHA compared to NT. There were no differences between DHA compared to OA and OA compared to NT. There was no between-treatment difference in the time to, or EI of, the first post-intervention eating occasion. It is concluded that NEFA stimulate CCK release in a chain length-dependent manner up to C22. These effects may be extended to thein vivosetting, as a DHA-based emulsion significantly reduced short-term EI.
How do honeybees use their magnetic compass? Can they see the North?
Authors: Válková T. , Vácha M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWhile seeking food sources and routes back to their hive, bees make use of their advanced nervous and sensory capacities, which underlie a diverse behavioral repertoire. One of several honeybee senses that is both exceptional and intriguing is magnetoreception – the ability to perceive the omnipresent magnetic field (MF) of the Earth. The mechanism by which animals sense MFs has remained fascinating as well as elusive because of the intricacies involved, which makes it one of the grand challenges for neural and sensory biology. However, investigations in recent years have brought substantial progress to our understanding of how such magneto-receptor(s) may work. Some terrestrial animals (birds) are reported to be equipped even with a dual perception system: one based on diminutive magnetic particles – in line with the original model which has also always been hypothesized for bees – and the other one, as the more recent model describes, based on a sensitivity of some photochemical reactions to MF (radical-pair or chemical mechanism). The latter model postulates a close link to vision and supposes that the animals can see the position of the geomagnetic North as a visible pattern superimposed on the picture of the environment. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has shown that radical-pair magnetoreception might also be used by insects. It is realistic to expect that such evidence will inspire a re-examination and extension or confirmation of established views on the honeybee magnetic-compass mechanism. However, the problem of bee magnetoreception will not be solved at the moment that a receptor is discovered. On the contrary, the meaning of magnetoreception in insect life and its involvement in the orchestration of other senses is yet to be fully understood. The crucial question to be addressed in the near future is whether the compass abilities of the honeybee could suffer from radio frequency (RF) smog accompanying modern civilization and whether the fitness of this dominant pollinator might be affected by RF fields. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the path that the behavioral research on honeybee magnetoreception has taken and to discuss it in the context of contemporary data obtained on other insects.
A proposed demonstration of an experiment of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration based on CERN SPS
Authors: XIA G. , ASSMANN R. , FONSECA R. A. , HUANG C. , MORI W. , SILVA L. O. , VIEIRA J. , ZIMMERMANN F. , MUGGLI P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe proton bunch-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) has been proposed as an approach to accelerate an electron beam to the TeV energy regime in a single plasma section. An experimental program has been recently proposed to demonstrate the capability of proton-driven PWFA by using existing proton beams from the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) accelerator complex. At present, a spare Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) tunnel, having a length of 600 m, could be used for this purpose. The layout of the experiment is introduced. Particle-in-cell simulation results based on realistic SPS beam parameters are presented. Simulations show that working in a self-modulation regime, the wakefield driven by an SPS beam can accelerate an externally injected ~10 MeV electrons to ~2 GeV in a 10-m plasma, with a plasma density of 7 × 1014 cm−3.
Economic benefits of forest conservation: assessing the potential rents from Brazil nut concessions in Madre de Dios, Peru, to channel REDD+ investments
Authors: NUNES FELIPE , SOARES-FILHO BRITALDO , GIUDICE RENZO , RODRIGUES HERMANN , BOWMAN MARIA , SILVESTRINI RAFAELLA , MENDOZA ELSA 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYBrazil nut collection is key to reconciling sustainable economic development with forest conservation in the Amazon. Whether the activity is profitable, however, remains uncertain due to the paucity of information on spatial distribution and productivity of trees as well as the costs of collection and processing. To fill this gap, this study developed and used a spatially-explicit rent model of Brazil nut production to assess yields and potential profits (rents) from the Brazil nut concessions in Madre de Dios (Peru), under three scenarios of processing and management (unshelled, shelled and shelled-certified nuts). Potential annual production in the region was estimated to be 14.1 ± 2.4 thousand tonnes of unshelled nuts; at 2008 regional sale prices this corresponded to profits of between US$ 3.1 ± 0.5 ha−1yr−1for unshelled nuts to US$ 8.4 ± 1.4 ha−1yr−1for shelled-certified nuts. Investment ofc. US$ 14−17 ha−1is required to develop certified production in Madre de Dios concessions; this would approximately triple rents in these areas. Such investment could be channelled through REDD+ projects; sustainable management of Brazil nut concessions may contribute to a 42–43% reduction in deforestation in Madre de Dios by 2050.
Clustering of lifestyle factors in Spanish university students: the relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and diet quality
Authors: Moreno-Gómez Carlos , Romaguera-Bosch Dora , Tauler-Riera Pedro , Bennasar-Veny Miquel , Pericas-Beltran Jordi , Martinez-Andreu Sonia , Aguilo-Pons Antoni 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain the prevalence of and association between main lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking) in students from the Balearic Islands University.DesignA cross-sectional, descriptive study. A questionnaire including questions on lifestyle, dietary habits and physical activity habits was administered to the students. Four different diet quality scores were calculated (Diet Diversity Score, Mediterranean Diet Score, Dietary Guidelines Score and Global Dietary Guidelines Score).SettingA sample of students from the Balearic Islands University.SubjectsNine hundred and eighty-seven students (45·5 % males; mean age 21·5 (sd 3·3) years).ResultsThe dietary pattern of the student population was characterized by a low consumption of cereals and tubers, fruits, vegetables, olive oil, legumes and nuts, and a high consumption of processed meat, sweets, snacks, soft drinks and pastries. Linear, positive and statistically significant correlations were found between the number of meals consumed daily and all of the diet quality scores determined. Determinants of diet quality, both in the univariate and multivariate analyses, were physical activity practice, sex, age and number of meals consumed daily.ConclusionsRisk factors such as smoking, diet and physical inactivity had a tendency of clustering among Spanish university students. Overall diet quality was low, due to important departures from dietary recommendations and loss of the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern. Nutritional education campaigns that include promotion of physical activity practice are needed to improve the overall health status of this population.
Apatite thermochronometry within a knickzone near the Higher Himalaya front, central Nepal: No resolvable fault motion in the past one million years
Authors: Nadin Elisabeth S. , Martin Aaron J. 
Published: February 2012

We combine apatite fission track ages and track‐length measurements with apatite (U‐Th)/He ages to test the hypothesis that active near‐surface faulting is absent at the transition between the Higher and Lower Himalayan physiographic provinces in central Nepal. Fifteen samples define a 2.5‐km‐long, nearly constant‐elevation transect that crosses the largest knickzone on the Modi River in central Nepal. This knickzone could have resulted from modern faulting near the ancient Main Central thrust or from river incision following landslide dam breaching. Apatite fission track ages from the transect are generally ca. 1 Ma, and apatite He ages, selected by considering He concentrations, are 0.5–0.8 Ma. There is no discernable age difference between any of the samples outside 2σ uncertainty. Cooling rates are >100°C/Myr and are uniform across the sample transect. We calculate an average exhumation rate of ∼3 mm/yr across the region, with rates deduced from the fission track data equal to those extracted from the He ages. According to our new data, no fault in our study area has undergone a time‐averaged slip rate faster than 4 mm/yr during the past 1 Myr.
Caveat Emptor: The Role of Suboptimal Bronchoscope Repair Practices by a Third-Party Vendor in a Pseudo-Outbreak ofPseudomonasin Bronchoalveolar Lavage Specimens
Authors: Cosgrove Sara E. , Ristaino Polly , Caston-Gaa Anne , Fellerman Donna P. , Nowakowski Elaine F. , Carroll Karen C. , Orens Jonathan B. , Perl Trish M. , Maragakis Lisa L. 
Published: February 2012

Objective.To describe a pseudo-outbreak associated with loose bronchoscope biopsy ports caused by inadequate bronchoscope repair practices by third-party vendors and to alert healthcare personnel to assess bronchoscope repair practices.Design.Outbreak investigation.Setting.A 925-bed tertiary care hospital in Baltimore, Maryland.Patients.Patients who underwent bronchoscopy with certain bronchoscopes after they had been repaired by a third-party vendor.Methods.An epidemiologic investigation was conducted to determine the cause ofPseudomonas putidagrowth in 4 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens within a 3-day period in May 2008. All bronchoscopes were inspected, and cultures were obtained from bronchoscopes and the environment. Bronchoscope cleaning and maintenance practices were reviewed. Microbiologic results from BAL specimens and medical records were reviewed to find additional cases.Results.All 4 case patients had undergone bronchoscopy with one of 2 bronchoscopes, both of which had loose biopsy ports. Bronchoscope cultures grewP. putida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,andStenotrophomonas.TheP. putidastrains from the bronchoscopes matched those from the patients. Specimens from 12 additional patients who underwent bronchoscopy with these bronchoscopes grewP. putida, P. aeruginosa,orStenotrophomonas.No patients developed clinical signs or symptoms of infection, but 7 were treated with antibiotics. Investigation revealed that the implicated bronchoscopes had been sent to an external vendor for repair; examination by the manufacturer revealed irregularities in repairs and nonstandard part replacements.Conclusions.Third-party vendors without access to proprietary information may contribute to mechanical malfunction of medical devices, which can lead to contamination and incomplete disinfection.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2012;33(3):224-229
Siliques Are Red1 from Arabidopsis Acts as a Bidirectional Amino Acid Transporter That Is Crucial for the Amino Acid Homeostasis of Siliques
Authors: Ladwig Friederike , Stahl Mark , Ludewig Uwe , Hirner Axel A. , Hammes Ulrich Z. , Stadler Ruth , Harter Klaus , Koch Wolfgang 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Many membrane proteins are involved in the transport of nutrients in plants. While the import of amino acids into plant cells is, in principle, well understood, their export has been insufficiently described. Here, we present the identification and characterization of the membrane protein Siliques Are Red1 (SIAR1) from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that is able to translocate amino acids bidirectionally into as well as out of the cell. Analyses in yeast and oocytes suggest a SIAR1-mediated export of amino acids. In Arabidopsis, SIAR1 localizes to the plasma membrane and is expressed in the vascular tissue, in the pericycle, in stamen, and in the chalazal seed coat of ovules and developing seeds. Mutant alleles of SIAR1 accumulate anthocyanins as a symptom of reduced amino acid content in the early stages of silique development. Our data demonstrate that the SIAR1-mediated export of amino acids plays an important role in organic nitrogen allocation and particularly in amino acid homeostasis in developing siliques.
Surplus suffering: the search for help when a child has mental‐health issues
Authors: Clarke Juanne N. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTSocial theorists have demonstrated the growth in dominance of two central discourses for understanding the ways that children's mental‐health issues are understood today –medicalization and intensive mothering. In this context, this paper reports on a qualitative interview‐based study of 16 mothers whose children had received a diagnosis with one or more mental‐health or developmental issues such as Tourette's, bipolar, anxiety, depression, autism or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It is based on the retrospective accounts of mothers given during interviews, from the time when they noticed what they thought to be unusual behaviours and decided to try to normalize and accommodate to their children's behaviours and then to the various steps they took to seek help. The paper begins with a description of the sorts of problems that mothers noticed. It then moves to the strategies mothers then took to cope, manage and socialize their children. When these failed, mothers sought professional assistance with understanding, remediation and/or a diagnosis for the child(ren). Mothers described uncertainty, confusion and contradictions as they unremittingly sought help. This process may be called surplus suffering. The relevance of the theoretical issues is then reconsidered along with the substantive and practical consequences of the findings.
Genetic analysis of the CYP21A2 gene in neonatal dried blood spots from children with transiently elevated 17‐hydroxyprogesterone
Authors: Malikova Jana , Votava Felix , Vrzalova Zuzana , Lebl Jan , Cinek Ondrej 
Published: February 2012

SummaryBackgroundNeonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) identifies a certain proportion of newborns with transient moderate elevation of 17‐hydroxyprogesterone (17‐OHP). These children require regular follow‐up until normalization of their 17‐OHP levels. We investigated the possibility of reducing the individuals' recall rates by using genetic methods on their original neonatal dried blood spots.Patients and MethodsWe analysed neonatal dried blood spots from 753 subjects with transiently elevated levels of 17‐OHP. The
CYP21A2
gene was sequenced to detect point mutations, and the presence of
CYP21A2
was further confirmed by two methods utilizing the difference between
CYP21A2
and its
CYP21A1P
pseudogene in the sequence of exon 3 (8‐bp deletion). The accuracy of the methods was verified using samples from 70 subjects with known
CYP21A2
mutations and 181 healthy children.ResultAmong the 701 successfully sequenced samples from subjects with transiently elevated 17‐OHP, 670 (95%) had no point mutations or novel variants in the
CYP21A2
gene. We found no individuals carrying genotypes consistent with the diagnosis of CAH (i.e. homozygotes or compound heterozygotes for point mutations, large deletions or rearrangements). However, 21 heterozygous carriers of known point mutations that cause the classic and nonclassic forms of CAH were identified. Additionally, we detected eight heterozygous and two homozygous point variants with unknown functional significance.ConclusionAlthough CAH caused by 21‐hydroxylase deficiency could be genetically excluded with a reasonable degree of confidence in 95% of the genotyped subjects that had transiently elevated 17‐OHP, the performance of the tests was suboptimal when performed using dried blood spots and time‐consuming in comparison with the current practice of repeated measurements of 17‐OHP. The introduction of this method into clinical practice seems to be impractical at this stage.
Sleep problems and heart rate variability over the working day
Authors: JACKOWSKA MARTA , DOCKRAY SAMANTHA , ENDRIGHI ROMANO , HENDRICKX HILDE , STEPTOE ANDREW 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to discover whether greater sleep problems are associated with reduced heart rate variability during working hours and at night, and to determine whether this association is in part mediated by experienced affective states. This study involved 199 working women with a mean age of 33.8 years. Sleep problems were assessed with the Jenkins Sleep Problems Scale, and the Day Reconstruction Method was used to measure positive affect and stress on the evening before and during the working day. Heart rate variability was indexed by the mean square root of the successive standard difference in heart period. Disturbed sleep was inversely related to heart rate variability during the working day (P = 0.022), independently of demographic and behavioural confounders. Additional adjustment for positive affect and stress did not lead to further reductions in the association between sleep problems and reduced heart rate variability over the work day. Sleep problems were not predictive of reduced night‐time heart rate variability. This report extends the findings from experimental studies and clinical samples, and suggests that disturbed sleep might impair heart rate variability in real life settings, in particular during working hours. Reduced heart rate variability might be a potential pathway linking sleep problems with cardiovascular disease. Based on the current data there was little evidence that the inverse associations between sleep problems and heart rate variability were mediated by experienced affective states.