bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The expression profile of the tumor suppressor gene Lzts1 suggests a role in neuronal development
Authors: Kropp Marlene , Wilson Sara I. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground: Neuronal circuit assembly comprises a number of developmental processes that ultimately underlie function. Identifying the molecular events that dictate these processes can give key insights into how neuronal circuit formation is coordinated. To begin to identify such molecular mechanisms, we have analysed the expression of a candidate gene of entirely unknown function within the nervous system. Here we reveal the spatial and temporal distribution of Lzts1 in mouse and chick embryonic spinal cord and propose potential biological functions. Results: Lzts1 mRNA is transiently expressed at the border of the ventricular and mantle zones in subsets of sensory and motor spinal neurons. The protein is localized to the cell body, axon, and trailing process of motor, commissural, and dorsal root neurons during development. Conclusions: Taken together, the spatial and temporal distribution of Lzts1 is consistent with a potential function(s) in cell cycle regulation, axon growth or guidance, and/or migration of neurons. Developmental Dynamics 241:984–994, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Egg incubation temperature differently affects female and male hatching dynamics and larval fitness in a leafhopper
Authors: Chuche Julien , Thiéry Denis 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTemperature effects on ectotherms are widely studied particularly in insects. However, the life‐history effects of temperature experienced during a window of embryonic development, that is egg stage, have rarely been considered. We simulated fluctuating temperatures and examined how this affects the operational sex ratio (OSR) of hatching as well as nymph and adult fitness in a leafhopper, Scaphoideus titanus. Specifically, after a warm or cold incubation we compared males and females hatching dynamics with their consequences on the sex ratio in the course of time, body size, weight, and developmental rate of the two populations, all reared on the same posthatching temperature. Males and females eggs respond differently, with females more sensitive to variation in incubation temperature. The different responses of both sexes have consequences on the sex ratio dynamic of hatchings with a weaker protandry after warm incubation. Temperatures experienced by eggs have more complex consequences on posthatching development. Later nymphal instars that hatched from eggs exposed to warm temperature were larger and bigger but developmental rate of the two populations was not affected. Our study demonstrates how incubation temperature could affect operational sex ratio and posthatching development in an insect and how this may be critical for population growth.
Dialkyl Rare Earth Complexes Supported by Potentially Tridentate Amidinate Ligands: Synthesis, Structures, and Catalytic Activity in Isoprene Polymerization
Authors: Rad'kov Vassily Yu. , Skvortsov Grigorii G. , Lyubov Dmitry M. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Shavyrin Andrei S. , Cui Dongmei , Trifonov Alexander A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTwo new amidines that contain a pendant Lewis base in the side arm, 2‐MeOC6H4NC(tBu)NH(2,6‐R2C6H3) (R = Me, iPr), were synthesized and successfully employed as tridentate ligands for the preparation of the dialkyl rare earth complexes [2‐MeOC6H4NC(tBu)N(2,6‐R2C6H3)]Ln(CH2SiMe3)2(L)n {Ln = Y, Lu; R = Me, iPr; L = thf (n = 2), dme (n = 1)}. These ligands provided enhanced stability for the complexes. The X‐ray structure determinations revealed that intramolecular coordination of the 2‐MeOC6H4 group is realized if a thf molecule is coordinated to the metal center (Ln = Y, Lu), which results in the coordination number of six. The treatment of complex [2‐MeOC6H4NC(tBu)N(2,6‐Me2C6H3)]Lu(CH2SiMe3)2(thf) with dme afforded a six‐coordinate dme adduct in which the methoxy group of the amidinate ligand has drifted out from the metal coordination sphere. The reaction of [2‐MeOC6H4NC(tBu)N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)]Y(CH2SiMe3)2(thf) with 2,6‐diisopropylaniline in hexane at –70 °C, regardless of the ratio of the reagent, afforded the six‐coordinate diamido compound [2‐MeOC6H4NC(tBu)N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)]Y(NHC6H3‐2,6‐iPr2)2(thf), for which intramolecular coordination of the oxygen atom of the side chain was detected by an X‐ray study. Complex [2‐MeOC6H4NC(tBu)N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)]Y(CH2SiMe3)2(thf) was evaluated as a precatalyst for isoprene polymerization. The ternary system [2‐MeOC6H4NC(tBu)N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)]Y(CH2SiMe3)2(thf)/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]/AliBu3provided isoprene polymerization with moderate activity but without control of the regioselectivity (3,4‐regularity was slightly predominant at 52 %). Nevertheless, high 1,4‐trans‐selectivity was found (96 %) for the 1,4‐polyisoprenes. The obtained polyisoprene has a Mn of 13.0 × 104 and moderate polydispersity (2.12).
[n]Borametalloarenophanes (n = 1, 2): Strained Systems with Uncommon Reactivity PatternsUnexpected Outcomes of the Oxidation of (Pentafluorophenyl)triphenylphosphanegold(I)The Question of cis versus trans Configuration in Octahedral Metal Diketonates: An In‐Depth Investigation on Diorganobis(4‐acyl‐5‐pyrazolonato)tin(IV) Complexes Chelating C4‐Bound Imidazolylidene Complexes through Oxidative Addition of Imidazolium Salts to Palladium(0) Ruthenium Acetate Complexes as Versatile Probes of Metal–Ligand Interactions: Insight into the Ligand Effects of Vinylidene, Carbene, Carbonyl, Nitrosyl and Isocyanide (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 9/2012)
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Nevado Cristina , Hanna John V. , Marchetti Fabio , Pettinari Claudio , Albrecht Martin , Lynam Jason M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe back cover picture comprises the contributions of Holger Braunschweig et al. (borametalloarenophanes), Cristina Nevado et al. (arylgold complexes), John V. Hanna, Fabio Marchetti, Claudio Pettinari et al. (organotin reagents), Martin Albrecht et al. (palladium–NHC compounds), and Jason M. Lynam et al. (ruthenium complexes), highlighting the variety of content from uncommon reactivity and unusual compounds to electronic properties. Thanks are due to these groups for providing the graphic designs that make up this cover.
Pin‐supported walls for enhancing the seismic performance of building structures
Authors: Qu Zhe , Wada Akira , Motoyui Shojiro , Sakata Hiroyasu , Kishiki Shoichi 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYAn application of a pin‐supported wall‐frame system in retrofitting an eleven‐story steel reinforced concrete frame is introduced. The retrofit aims at enhancing integrity and avoiding weak story failure in an existing moment‐resisting frame. Seismic performance of the building before and after the retrofit is assessed through nonlinear dynamic analysis. The results show that the pin‐supported walls are effective in controlling the deformation pattern of the ductile frame and hence in avoiding weak story failure. With the well‐controlled deformation pattern, carefully arranged energy dissipating devices are able to concentrate energy dissipations so that damage to the rest of the structure can be significantly reduced. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance Evaluation and Parametric Optimization of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell/heat‐driven Heat Pump Hybrid System
Authors: Zhang X. , Chen J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWith the help of the current models of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and three‐heat‐source heat pumps, a generic model of a PEM fuel cell/heat‐driven heat pump hybrid system is established, so that the waste heat produced in the PEM fuel cell may be availably utilized. Based on the theory of electrochemistry and non‐equilibrium thermodynamics, expressions for the efficiency and power output of the PEM fuel cell, the coefficient of performance and rate of pumping heat of the heat‐driven heat pump, and the equivalent efficiency and power output of the hybrid system are derived. The curves of the equivalent efficiency and power output of the hybrid system varying with the electric current density and the equivalent power output versus efficiency curves are represented through numerical calculation. The general performance characteristics of the hybrid system are analyzed. The optimally operating regions of some important parameters of the hybrid system are determined. The influence of some main irreversible losses on the performance of the hybrid system is discussed in detail. The advantages of the hybrid system are revealed.
Pd/Co Bimetallic Nanoparticles: Coelectrodeposition under Protection of PVP and Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity for Ethanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Yang Z.‐S. , Wu J.‐J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA series of Pd–Co bimetallic nanostructures with Co compositions ranging from 0 to 13 at.% were fabricated on glassy carbon electrode by one step electrodeposition in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The roles of PVP and Co have been systematically investigated by using combined techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, X‐ray diffraction, and chronoamperograms. PVP was used as an additive to stabilize the Pd nanoparticles and inhibit agglomeration during their formation. The prepared Pd100Co10 bimetallic nanostructures exhibited great catalytic activity towards ethanol oxidation in alkaline, which implies that low Co doping can be a convenient way to enhance the electrocatalytic property of Pd. The present study shows that the Pd/Co bimetallic nanoparticulate can be a promising catalyst for portable applications in direct ethanol fuel cell in alkaline solution.
Morphogenesis of the human laryngeal ventricles
Authors: Viejo Fermín , Pascual‐Font Arán , Rivas Luis , Hernández‐Morato Ignacio , Vázquez Teresa , Rodriguez‐Niedenführ Marc , McHanwell Stephen , Sanudo José R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundTwo theories explain the origin of human laryngeal ventricles: (1) ventricles derive from the fifth pharyngeal pouches; (2) development independent from the pouches.MethodsIn all, there were 21 serially sectioned human embryos from stages 15 to 23, and 11 fetuses of 9 to 18 weeks. Computer‐aided 3‐dimentional reconstructions were made.ResultsThe cranial part of the laryngeal sulcus and future vestibule expands from the pharyngeal floor between the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches during stages 15 and 16 (33–37 days). The primordia of the ventricles appeared at stage 18 (44 days) as 2 lateral swellings in the caudal end of the future vestibule, limited by the third pharyngeal pouches. Active epithelial expansion and subsequent canalization during late embryonic and early fetal periods finalizes their development.ConclusionsThe laryngeal ventricles do not derive from the pharyngeal pouches but the median region of the pharyngeal floor between the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches and arches at the caudal end of the future vestibule. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Hippocampal theta‐driving cells revealed by Granger causality
Authors: Zhang Lu , Chen Guifen , Niu Ruifang , Wei Wei , Ma Xiaoyu , Xu Jiamin , Wang Jingyi , Wang Zhiru , Lin Longnian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe two‐dipole model of theta generation in hippocampal CA1 suggests that the inhibitory perisomatic theta dipole is generated by local GABAergic interneurons. Various CA1 interneurons fire preferentially at different theta phases, raising the question of how these theta‐locked interneurons contribute to the generation of theta oscillations. We here recorded interneurons in the hippocampal CA1 area of freely behaving mice, and identified a unique subset of theta‐locked interneurons by using the Granger causality approach. These cells fired in an extremely reliable theta‐burst pattern at high firing rates (∼90 Hz) during exploration and always locked to ascending phases of the theta waves. Among theta‐locked interneurons we recorded, only these cells generated strong Granger causal influences on local field potential (LFP) signals within the theta band (4–12 Hz), and the influences were persistent across behavioral states. Our results suggest that this unique type of theta‐locked interneurons serve as the local inhibitory theta dipole control cells in shaping hippocampal theta oscillations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Persistence of resinous cement residues in dentin treated with different chemical removal protocols
Authors: Kuga Milton Carlos , Só Marcus Vinicius Reis , De Faria‐júnior Norberto Batista , Keine Kátia Cristina , Faria Gisele , Fabricio Semíramis , Matsumoto Mariza Akemi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the persistence of resin cement residues after dentin surface cleaning with different alcohol‐based solutions or an essential oil (eucalyptol). Forty bovine teeth were sectioned in order to expose pulp chamber dentin to be washed with 1.0 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), followed by 0.1 mL of 17% EDTA application for 3 min, and final irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl. The specimens were air dried and resin‐based cement was rubbed onto the dentine surface with a microbrush applicator. After 15 min, the surface was scrubbed with a cotton pellet and moistened with different dentin cleaning solutions, compounding the following groups: G1—95% ethanol, G2—70% ethanol, G3—70% isopropyl alcohol, or G4—eucalyptol. The dentin was scrubbed until the cement residues could not be visually detected. Sections were then processed for SEM and evaluated at ×500 magnification. Scores were attributed to each image according to the area covered by residual sealer, and data were subjected to Kruskal–Wallis at 5% significance. Eucalyptol promoted the most adequate dentin cleaning, although no statistical difference was detected amongst the groups (P > 0.05), except between the eucalyptol and 70% ethanol groups (P < 0.05). All the evaluated dentin cleaning solutions were unable to completely remove the cement residues from the dentin surface. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Virus present in the reproductive tract of asymptomatic drones of honey bee (Apis mellifera l.), and possible infection of queen during mating
Authors: Da Cruz‐Landim Carminda , Roat Thaisa C. , Fernadez Fernanda C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractVirus particles and viral inclusions were detected by transmission electron microscopy examination of sections of the seminal vesicles and mucus gland of asymptomatic young drones from colonies of Apis mellifera lightly infested by Varroa mite. In the mucus gland the infection was found in the muscular sheath and epithelium, while in the seminal vesicle in cells of the outer serosa. Isolated viral particles were also observed in the hemolymph occupying the intercellular spaces of the muscular sheath fibers. In the muscle the virus appeared as polygonal crystalloid inclusions, while in the epithelium mainly inside cytoplasmic vesicles. The infected cells apparently are not damaged. The virus particles are present in the hemolymph and forming more mature structures, as crystalloids, in the muscle. This suggests that the virus is liberated in the body fluid and infects the tissues penetrating the cells through endocytosis. The presence of virus in mucus gland epithelial vesicles raise the possibility of its transference to the gland secretion and therefore, to the semen. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Asymptotic Version of the Multigraph 1‐Factorization Conjecture
Authors: Vaughan E. R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe give a self‐contained proof that for all positive integers r and all , there is an integer such that for all any regular multigraph of order 2n with multiplicity at most r and degree at least is 1‐factorizable. This generalizes results of Perković and Reed (Discrete Math 165/166 (1997), 567–578) and Plantholt and Tipnis (J London Math Soc 44 (1991), 393–400).
Physical and sensory characteristics of cookies prepared with flaxseed flour
Authors: Khouryieh Hanna , Aramouni Fadi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Flaxseed has many health benefits and is considered a functional food ingredient. Flaxseed flour (0–18%) was used to partially replace wheat flour in cookies and its effects on the physical and sensory characteristics of the cookies were investigated. A correlation analysis was conducted between the instrumental and sensory data.RESULTS: The cookie dough stickiness significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in relation to higher percentages of flaxseed flour. The 18% flaxseed cookies had the firmest texture, darkest color and lowest water activity. The 18% flaxseed cookies had the greatest spread ratio. However, this resulted in cookies of unacceptable quality properties. In consumer acceptance tests, cookies made with 6% and 12% flaxseed flour had the highest rating among all sensory attributes, while the 18% flaxseed cookies had the lowest sensory scores. The flavor attribute was most highly correlated with the overall acceptability (r = 0.90).CONCLUSION: Results indicated that flaxseed flour can be incorporated in cookies as a partial replacement up to 12% of wheat flour without negatively affecting the physical and sensory quality. The correlation results suggest that the flaxseed flavor attributes best predict consumer preference for overall acceptability, though texture and color attributes also contribute. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
‘Fagiolo a Formella’, an Italian lima bean ecotype: biochemical and nutritional characterisation of dry and processed seeds
Authors: Piergiovanni Angela R , Sparvoli Francesca , Zaccardelli Massimo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: An ecotype of the lima bean, named ‘fagiolo a Formella’, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the only example of an Italian lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) ecotype, is cultivated in the Campania region of southern Italy. Physical, nutritional and processing traits of dry seeds were evaluated for two consecutive growing seasons (2009 and 2010). The canning quality was also investigated, but only for the harvest of 2010.RESULTS: Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total seed proteins allowed the attribution of ‘fagiolo a Formella’ to the Mesoamerican gene pool and Sieva morphotype. Seeds have a trapezoid shape, white coat and 100‐seed weight greater than 42 g. Yield, protein, trypsin inhibitor and phytic acid values were found comparable with those reported for lima bean varieties cultivated in sub‐tropical areas. Moreover, we found that this ecotype is devoid of lectin.CONCLUSIONS: The good adaptation to growing environment is indicated by the fact that ‘fagiolo a Formella’ seed quality is comparable to that of lima beans grown in America. Overall the canning quality was found satisfactory and canning significantly destroys the main anti‐nutritional compounds present in dry seeds. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Hydrolysis kinetics of 2‐cyanopyridine, 3‐cyanopyridine, and 4‐cyanopyridine in high‐temperature water
Authors: Fu Jie , Ren Haoming , Shi Chaojun , Lu Xiuyang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report herein the kinetic studies on hydrolysis of three cyanopyridines in high‐temperature water. 3‐Cyanopyridine, 4‐cyanopyridine and 2‐cyanopyridine underwent consecutive hydrolysis to the corresponding pyridinecarboxamides and picolinic acids. Further decarboxylation to pyridine was observed for 2‐cyanopyridine hydrolysis. Experiments at different initial reactant concentrations revealed that these compounds exhibited the first‐order kinetics. Experiments at different temperatures showed that the first‐order rate constants displayed an Arrhenius behavior with activation energies of 74.3, 40.3, and 83.7 kJ mol−1 for 3‐cyanopyridine, 4‐cyanopyridine, 2‐cyanopyridine, respectively. The activation energies obtained for 3‐pyridinecarboxamide, 4‐pyridinecarboxamide and 2‐pyridinecarboxamide hydrolysis are 80.1, 32.7, and 70.5 kJ mol−1, respectively. The effect of substituent position on activation energies for cyanopyridine and pyridinecarboxamide hydrolysis is ortho ≈ meta > para. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 641–648, 2012
Effects of mechanical indentation on diffuse reflectance spectra, light transmission, and intrinsic optical properties in ex vivo porcine skin
Authors: Vogt William C. , Izquierdo‐Román Alondra , Nichols Brandon , Lim Liang , Tunnell James W. , Rylander Christopher G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMechanical indentation has been shown to increase light transmission through turbid tissue. In this study, we investigated the effects of localized indentation on the optical properties of ex vivo porcine skin specimens by dynamically monitoring diffuse reflectance spectra, light transmission, and applied load while controlling tissue thickness.Study Design/MethodsA custom‐built diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) system was used to capture diffuse reflectance spectra from tissue specimens undergoing indentation. The DRS probe was designed to perform both optical sensing and tissue indentation. A mechanical load frame was used to dynamically control probe displacement and resultant specimen thickness change while recording applied load. Diffuse reflectance spectra, as well as light transmission at 630 nm, were recorded during stress relaxation tests where tissue specimens were displaced to and held at a final thickness. Tissue optical properties were extracted from reflectance spectra using a previously established look‐up table (LUT) approach.ResultsIndentation increased light transmission through tissue during linear displacement, and continued to increase transmission during subsequent stress relaxation at constant tissue thickness. The magnitude of relative transmission increases was shown to be a function of bulk tissue compressive strain (relative thickness change). Reduced scattering coefficients calculated from the LUT at 630 nm decreased during stress relaxation, with the relative decrease in scattering also depending strongly on tissue compressive strain. Reduced scattering coefficients decreased by 12.0 ± 4.7% at 0.44 ± 0.022 compressive strain, and reduced by 35.6 ± 1.3% at 0.71 ± 0.01 compressive strain.ConclusionDRS can be used to capture transient changes in intrinsic tissue optical properties during mechanical loading. Mechanical indentation modifies tissue optical properties and may be harnessed as a minimally‐invasive optical clearing technique to improve optical diagnostics and therapeutics. Lasers Surg. Med. 44:303–309, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional Carbon Materials From Ionic Liquid Precursors
Authors: Paraknowitsch Jens Peter , Thomas Arne 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe use of ionic liquids (ILs) as precursors for functional carbon materials is reviewed, showing that they are highly promising starting compounds for this purpose: As liquids with negligible vapour pressure, simple processing and structural control of the resulting carbons can be achieved. The architecture of ILs allows for a wide combination of anions and cations, which can be used to tailor the amount of heteroatom‐doping in the resulting carbon materials. As ILs are well compatible with a variety of compounds, carbon composites can be simply prepared. Considerable progress in applications of these materials has been presented for example as electrodes in fuel cells, supercapacitors or Li‐ion batteries.