bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells under Xeno-free Conditions
Authors: Rodríguez-Pizà Ignasi , Richaud-Patin Yvonne , Vassena Rita , González Federico , Barrero María José , Veiga Anna , Raya Angel , Belmonte Juan Carlos Izpisúa 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The availability of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has created extraordinary opportunities for modeling and perhaps treating human disease. However, all reprogramming protocols used to date involve the use of products of animal origin. Here, we set out to develop a protocol to generate and maintain human iPSC that would be entirely devoid of xenobiotics. We first developed a xeno-free cell culture media that supported the long-term propagation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to a similar extent as conventional media containing animal origin products or commercially available xeno-free medium. We also derived primary cultures of human dermal fibroblasts under strict xeno-free conditions (XF-HFF), and we show that they can be used as both the cell source for iPSC generation as well as autologous feeder cells to support their growth. We also replaced other reagents of animal origin (trypsin, gelatin, matrigel) with their recombinant equivalents. Finally, we used vesicular stomatitis virus G-pseudotyped retroviral particles expressing a polycistronic construct encoding Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and GFP to reprogram XF-HFF cells under xeno-free conditions. A total of 10 xeno-free human iPSC lines were generated, which could be continuously passaged in xeno-free conditions and maintained characteristics indistinguishable from hESCs, including colony morphology and growth behavior, expression of pluripotency-associated markers, and pluripotent differentiation ability in vitro and in teratoma assays. Overall, the results presented here demonstrate that human iPSCs can be generated and maintained under strict xeno-free conditions and provide a path to good manufacturing practice (GMP) applicability that should facilitate the clinical translation of iPSC-based therapies.
Effect of filler material on local and global behaviour of buckling‐restrained braces
Authors: Gheidi Ali , Mirtaheri Masoud , Zandi Amir Peyman , Alanjari Pejman 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe nonlinear response of buildings has attracted a tremendous amount of attention in recent years. Braces, as lateral force‐resisting elements of a structure, are designed to not only react in the elastic region, but also to exhibit nonlinear response beyond the elastic limit. However, buckling in compression drastically degrades the performance of braces under earthquake loading. Buckling restrained braces (BRBs) have been evolved into very effective systems for severe seismic applications. They prevent buckling in compression through the encasing of core steel into a steel tube and confining infill concrete.The effect of infill material is investigated in this research through the use of experimental tests. Filler material may be concrete, grout or mortar, as well as granular material such as compacted aggregate. Moreover, lightweight concrete or lean concrete may be utilized as filler to reduce the overall structural weight. Furthermore, the need for unbonding material may not arise when sand and gravel mixture is used. Nevertheless, the strength of the aggregate should be such that no buckling or strength deterioration is observed. Parametric studies on BRB characteristics are carried out in this research. Results of cyclic loading tests are then provided for individual cases to characterize the effect of response parameters of BRB assemblages. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal‐Rich Phosphide Lu3Ir7P5 – Flux Growth and Crystal Chemistry
Authors: Pfannenschmidt Ulrike , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe metal rich phosphide Lu3Ir7P5 was synthesized from the elements in a bismuth flux (1:2:2:60 molar ratio, 1370 K, slow cooling rate). Lu3Ir7P5 crystallizes with a new structure type which was characterized by powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction: Cmcm, a = 390.30(8), b = 3238.3(6), c = 1515.4(3) pm, wR2 = 0.0634, 1642 F2 values and 101 variables. The iridium and phosphorus atoms build up a complex three‐dimensional [Ir7P5]δ– polyanionic network, in which the lutetium atoms fill slightly distorted hexagonal prisms. The nine crystallographically independent iridium atoms have between three and five phosphorus neighbors in trigonal or square planar, tetrahedral, and square pyramidal coordination. All phosphorus atoms are isolated with coordination number 9 in the form of tricapped trigonal prisms. Lu3Ir7P5 belongs to the large family of metal rich phosphides with a metal:phosphorus ratio of 2:1.
Complex regional pain syndrome type I: efficacy of stellate ganglion blockade
Authors: Yucel Istemi , Demiraran Yavuz , Ozturan Kutay , Degirmenci Erdem 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Background
This study was performed to evaluate the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I with stellate ganglion blockade.

Materials and methods
We performed three blockades at weekly intervals in 22 patients with CRPS type I in one hand. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the time between symptom onset and treatment initiation. Group 1and 2 patients had short and long symptom-onset-to-treatment intervals, respectively. Pain intensity, using a visual analog score (VAS), and range of motion (ROM) for the wrist joint were assessed before and 2 weeks after treatment and were compared using nonparametric statistical analysis.

Results
Treatment produced a statistically significant difference in wrist ROM for all patients (P < 0.001). VAS values showed an overall decrease from 8 ± 1 to 1 ± 1 following treatment, and there was a significant difference in VAS value between groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
We concluded that stellate ganglion blockade successfully decreased VAS and increased ROM of wrist joints in patients with CRPS type I. Further, the duration between symptom onset and therapy initiation was a major factor affecting blockade success.
Can emergency medical services personnel identify pneumothorax on focused ultrasound examinations?
Authors: Raio Christopher C. , Modayil Veena , Cassara Michael , Dubon Mary , Patel Jagruti , Shah Trupti , Chun Penelope , Nelson Mathew , Chiricolo Gerardo , Sama Andrew E. , Liu Yiju Teresa 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Background
Ultrasound is of proven accuracy in the diagnosis of pneumothorax. In certain locations, pre-hospital providers are adopting its use for the management of critically ill patients.

Objectives
To determine the sensitivity and specificity of emergency medical service (EMS) providers in identifying pneumothorax on ultrasound examinations.

Methods
This was an educational study evaluating 33 EMS providers. Each subject went through a brief didactic session covering the use of ultrasound in diagnosis of pneumothorax. They were then given an examination consisting of 20 individual ultrasound real-time video cases depicting either a pneumothorax or normal lung sliding. Sensitivities and specificities with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for recognition of pneumothorax.

Results
The 33 study participants were able to identify pneumothorax with a sensitivity of 82% (95% CI 77–86%), specificity of 94% (95% CI 90–96%), positive predictive value of 93% (95% CI 89–95%), and negative predictive value of 84% (95% CI 80–87%).

Conclusions
Emergency medical service providers were able to identify pneumothorax at a relatively high rate. Real-time scanning by the study subjects might lead to even better results.
Intraperitoneal bleeding following transvaginal oocyte retrieval
Authors: Zhen Xiumei , Qiao Jie , Ma Caihong , Fan Yanhong , Liu Ping 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for intraperitoneal bleeding following transvaginal oocyte retrieval (TVOR).MethodsRetrospective review of records from patients who underwent TVOR between 2004 and 2008. Patients who had mild and severe intraperitoneal bleeding were compared with the same number of patients without intraperitoneal bleeding (control group) who underwent oocyte retrieval on the same day performed by the same doctor as those who experienced bleeding.ResultsOf 10251 retrieval cycles performed, 22 (0.2%) patients had intraperitoneal bleeding. Five (0.05%) patients with severe bleeding underwent laparotomy or laparoscopy, while 17 patients were managed conservatively for mild bleeding. Among patients with no bleeding, mild bleeding, or severe bleeding, there were significant differences in body mass index (P < 0.02) and number of oocytes retrieved (P < 0.01), while no differences were seen for age and pregnancy rate.ConclusionPatients with severe intraperitoneal bleeding had a lower body mass index, a history of surgery, were younger, and had a moderate ovarian response; those with mild bleeding were young and had a high ovarian response.
Variegate porphyria induces plasma and neutrophil oxidative stress: effects of dietary supplementation with vitamins E and C
Authors: Ferrer Miguel D. , Tauler Pedro , Sureda Antoni , Palacín Clara , Tur Josep A. , Pons Antoni 
Published: November 2009

Our aim was to analyse the influence of variegate porphyria (VP) on the antioxidant defenses and markers of oxidative damage and inflammation in plasma and neutrophils and the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamins E and C on these parameters in plasma, neutrophils and erythrocytes. Twelve women affected by VP and twelve pair-matched healthy control women participated in a double-blind crossover study. Each participant took 50 mg/d of vitamin E and 150 mg/d of vitamin C, or a placebo, for 6 months, by consuming an almond-based beverage as the vehicle. Women affected by VP presented higher C-reactive protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) circulating levels. Plasma antioxidant defenses were not different between porphyric and control women. Neutrophils from VP women presented decreased catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities together with increased protein carbonyl levels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from stimulated neutrophils was also higher in porphyric women than their controls. Dietary supplementation was effective in increasing α-tocopherol levels in neutrophils and in reducing MDA levels in plasma. Erythrocyte CAT and GR activities were enhanced by the enriched beverage only in the control subjects. In conclusion, women affected by VP present a situation of inflammation, plasma oxidative damage and neutrophils more primed to the oxidative burst, with decreased antioxidant activities and increased ROS production capabilities and protein oxidative damage. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E (50 mg/d) and vitamin C (150 mg/d) for 6 months decreased plasma oxidative damage and enhanced the erythrocyte activities of CAT and GR.
Soft-part preservation in a bivalved arthropod from the Late Ordovician of Wales
Authors: PAGE ALEX , WILBY PHILIP R. , WILLIAMS MARK , VANNIER JEAN , DAVIES JEREMY R. , WATERS RICHARD A. , ZALASIEWICZ JAN A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new component of the Early Palaeozoic arthropod fauna is described from a monospecific accumulate of carapaces in a Late Ordovician (Katian) hemipelagic mudstone from the Cardigan district of southwest Wales (UK). Its non-biomineralized carapace is preserved as a carbonaceous residue, as is more labile anatomy (soft-parts) including the inner lamella and sub-ovate structures near its antero-dorsal margin, which we interpret to be putative eyes. The depositional context and associated fauna indicate that the arthropods inhabited an area of deep water and high primary productivity above a pronounced submarine topography. The preserved density of carapaces suggests the arthropods may have congregated into shoals or been transported post-mortem into depressions which acted as detritus traps. The accumulate provides a rare example of soft-part preservation in hemipelagic mudstones and highlights the role of organic material as a locus for authigenic mineralization during metamorphism.
Gonad morphology and gametogenesis in the deep-sea jellyfish Atolla wyvillei and Periphylla periphylla (Scyphozoa: Coronatae) collected from Cape Hatteras and the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Lucas Cathy H. , Reed Adam J. 
Published: November 2009

Observations on gonad morphology and the structure of ovaries and testes of the coronate scyphozoans Atolla wyvillei and Periphylla periphylla are described based on samples collected from the Gulf of Mexico and Cape Hatteras (north-western Atlantic). In A. wyvillei, gonads of distinguishable sex were observed in medusae as small as 17 mm bell diameter (BD). Spermatogenesis occurred within follicles (average 366 × 254 μm) that were evenly distributed throughout the gonad. Oocytes in different stages of development were observed in all the females with gonads. Oocytes arise from the gastrodermis and migrate into the mesoglea to develop from early-mid to late vitellogenic oocytes characterized by a large nucleus and granular (organic-rich) cytoplasm. The largest oocytes measured were 543 μm and 263 μm from the Gulf of Mexico and Cape Hatteras respectively. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed. In P. periphylla gonads were also initially observed in medusae 17 mm BD, although not all larger medusae had obvious gonads. Unlike A. wyvillei sperm follicles were arranged in long convoluted rows normally only one follicle thick. The organization of ooytes in female P. periphylla was very similar to A. wyvillei, although the gonads were small and the number of oocytes present in each gonad very low (<22). The largest oocyte measured was 777 μm in a 53 mm BD medusa. Although medusae were collected from one time period only (September) in this study, our findings appear to be in agreement with literature evidence indicating that coronate jellyfish produce few eggs continuously over a long time period. Aspects of gonad development and gametogenesis are discussed with respect to potential differences in site productivity and species identification.
Assessment of variation in seed longevity within rye, wheat and the intergeneric hybrid triticale
Authors: Niedzielski Maciej , Walters Christina , Luczak Wieslav , Hill Lisa M. , Wheeler Lana J. , Puchalski Jerzy 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSeed shelf-life or longevity is difficult to predict or to measure on a practical time scale. Predictive models suggest that water has the same effect on ageing rate for all seed lots within a species and that initial seed quality is the dominating factor explaining within-species variation. These assumptions are used in ‘accelerated ageing’ or ‘controlled deterioration’ (AA/CD) tests, which are commonly used to predict seed longevity in commercial and research applications. In this study, we describe within-species variation of longevity for seeds of Secale cereale and S. strictum (cultivated rye and its wild progenitor) under typical dry storage conditions of a genebank, and show that initial seed quality is an important, but not sole, factor explaining measured longevity. We also test the correlation of seed longevity, measured under humid and dry conditions, using 50 cultivars of rye, wheat (Triticum aestivum) and the intergeneric cross triticale, to assess how well AA/CD tests predict seed shelf-life during dry storage. Known differences in longevity between wheat and rye were confirmed at all water contents, and triticale seeds demonstrated intermediate behaviour. Longevity measured for humid and dry conditions were weakly correlated when comparisons included all grain types and were not correlated in within-grain-type comparisons. Response to moisture varied among cultivars. These findings do not support assumptions made in seed ageing models that use AA/CD tests. Our results suggest that more traits are involved in the expression of seed longevity than those typically measured in studies of initial seed vigour.
Seed dormancy and germination in the Australian baobab, Adansonia gregorii F. Muell.
Authors: Turner S.R. , Dixon K.W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSeeds of the iconic Australian baobab Adansonia gregorii display physical dormancy (PY) and germinate readily once they become water permeable, a trait found in most other species in this genus. Highest germination (100%) was observed when seeds were placed in concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4) for 24 h, although exposure to H2SO4 for 6–12 h also resulted in >85% germination. Exposure to boiling water for 1–5 min was far less effective in promoting germination (0–23%), although a high number of seeds were water permeable (67–99%) following boiling water treatment. However, the majority of these water-permeable seeds appeared to have been injured by boiling water exposure. Germination at warmer temperatures (30 or 35°C) was found to be optimal (81–83% germination) and proceeded rapidly, with maximum germination occurring after incubation for only 8 d. In comparison, germination at 15–25°C resulted in 3–67% germination over a longer time frame (up to 20 d). While seeds of A. gregorii display PY they are unusually sensitive to dipping in boiling water and are therefore atypical when compared to most other Adansonia species.
MODELLING SEA ICE GROWTH
Authors: MCGUINNESS MARK J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe freezing of water to ice is a classic problem in applied mathematics, involving the solution of a diffusion equation with a moving boundary. However, when the water is salty, the transport of salt rejected by ice introduces some interesting twists to the tale. A number of analytic models for the freezing of water are briefly reviewed, ranging from the famous work by Neumann and Stefan in the 1800s, to the mushy zone models coming out of Cambridge and Oxford since the 1980s. The successes and limitations of these models, and remaining modelling issues, are considered in the case of freezing sea-water in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans. A new, simple model which includes turbulent transport of heat and salt between ice and ocean is introduced and solved analytically, in two different cases—one where turbulence is given by a constant friction velocity, and the other where turbulence is buoyancy-driven and hence depends on ice thickness. Salt is found to play an important role, lowering interface temperatures, increasing oceanic heat flux, and slowing ice growth.
PRACTICAL RUNGE–KUTTA METHODS FOR SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATION
Authors: BUTCHER J. C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractImplicit Runge–Kutta methods have a special role in the numerical solution of stiff problems, such as those found by applying the method of lines to the partial differential equations arising in physical modelling. Of particular interest in this paper are the high-order methods based on Gaussian quadrature and the efficiently implementable singly implicit methods.
MODELLING THE GROWTH OF ZINC OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES
Authors: MACKAY JADE R. , WHITE STEPHEN P. , HENDY SHAUN C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractZinc oxide is known to produce a wide variety of nanostructures that show promise for a number of applications. The use of electrochemical deposition techniques for growing ZnO nanostructures can allow tight control of the morphology of ZnO through the wide range of deposition parameters available. Here we model the growth of the rods under typical electrochemical conditions, using the Nernst–Planck equations in two dimensions to predict the growth rate and morphology of the nanostructures as a function of time. Generally good quantitative and qualitative agreement is found between the model predictions and recent experimental results.
Bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in heterologous species
Authors: Passler Thomas , Walz Paul H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInfections with Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are not limited to cattle, but may be detected in various species in the mammalian order Artiodactyla. Despite epidemiological evidence of BVDV infections in species other than cattle, current knowledge regarding the impact of BVDV on heterologous species is incomplete. In heterologous hosts, BVDV infections with clinical signs analogous to those in cattle have been described and include disease of multiple organ systems, most notably the reproductive tract and immune system. Clinical infections may negatively impact the health and well-being of heterologous species, including camelids and captive and free-ranging wildlife. Of additional importance are BVDV infections in small ruminants and swine where difficulties arise in laboratory testing for Border disease virus (BDV) and Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), respectively. Pestiviruses are antigenically closely related and their cross-reactivity requires additional efforts in virological testing. In cattle populations, persistently infected animals are considered the main source of BVDV transmission. This phenomenon has also been detected in heterologous species, which could facilitate reservoirs for BVDV that may be of great importance where control programs are in progress. This review summarizes the current epidemiological and clinical knowledge on heterologous BVDV infections and discusses their implications.
Influence of hydrocolloids in low-moisture foods – a food polymer science approach
Authors: Levine Harry , Slade Louise 
Published: November 2009

The “food polymer science” (FPS) approach was developed to study glasses and glass transitions, and their effects on processing, product quality and storage stability, in foods. Since 1980, this “new” approach to food research – beyond that of the “water activity” concept of moisture management – has been fruitfully used to understand structure-function relationships, the effects of plasticization by water – as illustrated by means of state diagrams – on thermal, mechanical, rheological and textural properties, and physical (meta)stability in the non-equilibrium glassy solid state, vs. instability in the rubbery or viscous liquid state.
Key concepts of the EPS approach, especially as it has been widely applied in the decade of the 90's to low-moisture, hydrocolloid-containing food systems, include a practical understanding of the significance of the glass transition temperature, Tg, and its temperature range, how Tg is defined for multi-component, aqueous amorphous blends, and how Tg relates to the relative mobilities of individual components, including water, in such blends. Due to water's well-known plasticizing effect on many different food polymer systems, Tg decreases monotonically with increasing moisture content, but the linear relationship is between Tg and system relative humidity (% RH), rather than moisture content. Like the glass transition itself, plasticization is a kinetic process, so the mere presence of water is not a guarantee that softening or other changes in rheological properties have already occurred.
Selected examplex of some applications of the FPS approach to studies on food processing, product properties and storage stability will be given, which illustrate the significant progress made in recent years, based on amorphous product technology. With a focus on low-moisture baked goods such as cookies and crackers, we'll first discuss the relationships among the sensory textural attribute of crispness, the glassy solid state below Tg, moisture uptake, and resulting water plasticization that leads to a loss of crispness for the rubbery liquid state above Tg. Then we'll discuss the detrimental influence of water-soluble pentosans (high MW, non-starch polysaccharides), one of the three functional components found in all wheat flous used for biscuit making, and how Nabisco's patented pentosanase enzyme technology has been commercialized to successfully overcome several different negative effects of soluble pentosans in biscuit flours.