bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The unfolding of the verbal temporal system in French children's speech between 18 and 36 months
Authors: PARISSE CHRISTOPHE , MORGENSTERN ALIYAH 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, our aim is to analyze the relationship between the development of verbal forms and verbal functions. We examine all verbal forms produced longitudinally by two French children in terms of their morphosyntactic marking of tense, aspect, mood and situation type, and compare them to their contextually interpreted meanings. We introduce the main issues relevant to the unfolding of the verbal temporal system in children's data. Our data consists in two longitudinal corpora of French speaking children aged 1;06 to 3;01. The paper focuses on: 1) the relationship between form and function within the verbal system in the earlier stage of development; 2) the children's ability to mark a displacement between speech time and event time.
Co-culture of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) preantral follicles with antral follicles: a comparative study of developmental competence of oocytes derived from in vivo developed and in vitro cultured antral follicles
Authors: Sharma G. Taru , Dubey Pawan K. , Nath Amar , Saikumar G. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe present study was undertaken to examine whether the presence of antral follicles (AFs) affects the survival, growth and steroidogenesis of preantral follicles (PFs) and compare the maturation and developmental competence of buffalo oocytes derived from in vivo developed and in vitro cultured AFs. Two experiments were carried out. In experiment I, PFs (200–250 μm) were isolated and cultured with or without AFs (3–5 mm) in TCM-199 medium that contained 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% insulin transferin selenium (ITS), 20 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF), 0.5 μg/ml follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and 100 ng/ml insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I. In experiment II, in vitro developmental competence was compared for the cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) recovered from in vivo developed and in vitro cultured AFs. Survival, growth, development of antrum, accumulation of estradiol and progesterone was (P < 0.05) higher when PFs were co-cultured with AFs. Developmental competence of both types of follicular oocytes did not differ significantly in terms of maturation and cleavage rate, but morula and blastocyst production rate were (P < 0.05) higher with in vivo developed AFs as compared with the in vitro cultured antral follicular oocytes. In conclusion, co-culture of PFs with AFs supports long-term survival and growth of buffalo PFs and this co-culture system plays a dual role for in vitro production of embryos as well as understanding the relationship between developing PFs and AFs.
Cross-sectional study of motor development among children after the Fontan procedure
Authors: Longmuir Patricia E. , Banks Laura , McCrindle Brian W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the gross motor skills of school-aged children after the Fontan procedure and compare the locomotor and object control skills with normative data.Study designThis study followed a cross-sectional design.SettingThis study was based on hospital outpatient visit, with accelerometry conducted at home.PatientsThis study included 55 patients, including 22 girls in the age group of 6–10 years, 5.1 years after Fontan.Main outcome measuresTest of Gross Motor Development – Version 2, daily activity by accelerometer, medical history review, child and parent perceptions of activity.ResultsBeing involved in active team sports increased locomotor percentile score by 10.3 points (CI: 4.4, 16.1). Preference for weekend outdoor activities (6.9, CI: 2.0, 11.8), performing at least 30 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily (24.5, CI: 7.3, 41.8), and reporting that parents seldom criticise the child's physical activity (21.8, CI: 8.9, 34.8) were also associated with higher locomotor percentile scores (p < 0.01). Object control percentile scores were higher (p < 0.03) with involvement in formal instruction (5.9, CI: 1.1, 10.6) and being restricted to “activities within comfortable limits” (27.6, CI: 7.7, 47.5). Older chronological age (r = 0.28), a more complicated medical history (r = 0.36), and older age at Fontan (r = 0.28) were associated with greater skill delay (p < 0.04).ConclusionsChildren after Fontan attain basic motor skills at a later age than their peers, and deficits continue for more complex skills as age increases, suggesting a need for longitudinal monitoring of gross motor skill development through the elementary school years. Future research might investigate whether a gross motor skill rehabilitation programme can provide these children with the motor skills needed to successfully participate in a physically active lifestyle with peers.
ChemTextMiner: An open source tool kit for mining medical literature abstracts
Authors: Jain Esha , Karthikeyan Muthukumarasamy , Pandit Yogesh , Pandit Deepak , Nainaru Ganesh , Nalwade Sunil , Vyas Renu 
Published: January 2012

AbstractText mining involves recognizing patterns from a wealth of information hidden latent in unstructured text and deducing explicit relationships among data entities by using data mining tools. Text mining of Biomedical literature is essential for building biological network connecting genes, proteins, drugs, therapeutic categories, side effects etc. related to diseases of interest. We present an approach for textmining biomedical literature mostly in terms of not so obvious hidden relationships and build biological network applied for the textmining of important human diseases like MTB, Malaria, Alzheimer and Diabetes. The methods, tools and data used for building biological networks using a distributed computing environment previously used for ChemXtreme[1] and ChemStar[2] applications are also described.
Unidirectionally aligned line patterns driven by entropic effects on faceted surfaces
Authors: Hong Sung Woo , Huh June , Gu Xiaodan , Lee Dong Hyun , Jo Won Ho , Park Soojin , Xu Ting , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: January 2012

A simple, versatile approach to the directed self-assembly of block copolymers into a macroscopic array of unidirectionally aligned cylindrical microdomains on reconstructed faceted single crystal surfaces or on flexible, inexpensive polymeric replicas was discovered. High fidelity transfer of the line pattern generated from the microdomains to a master mold is also shown. A single-grained line patterns over arbitrarily large surface areas without the use of top-down techniques is demonstrated, which has an order parameter typically in excess of 0.97 and a slope error of 1.1 deg. This degree of perfection, produced in a short time period, has yet to be achieved by any other methods. The exceptional alignment arises from entropic penalties of chain packing in the facets coupled with the bending modulus of the cylindrical microdomains. This is shown, theoretically, to be the lowest energy state. The atomic crystalline ordering of the substrate is transferred, over multiple length scales, to the block copolymer microdomains, opening avenues to large-scale roll-to-roll type and nanoimprint processing of perfectly patterned surfaces and as templates and scaffolds for magnetic storage media, polarizing devices, and nanowire arrays.
Constant-speed vibrational signaling along polyethyleneglycol chain up to 60-Å distance
Authors: Lin Zhiwei , Rubtsov Igor V. 
Published: January 2012

A series of azido-PEG-succinimide ester oligomers with a number of repeating PEG units of 0, 4, 8, and 12 (azPEG0, 4, 8, and 12) was investigated using a relaxation-assisted two-dimensional infrared (RA 2DIR) spectroscopy method. The RA 2DIR method relies on the energy transport in molecules and is capable of correlating the frequencies of vibrational modes separated by large through-bond distances. Excitation of the azido group in the compounds at ca. 2,100 cm
-1
generates an excess energy which propagates in the molecule as well as dissipates into the solvent. We discovered that a part of the excess energy propagates ballistically via the covalent backbone of the molecules with a constant speed of ca. 550 m/s. The transport is described as a propagation of a vibrational wavepacket having a mean-free-path length of 10–15 Å. The discovery has the potential for developing new efficient signal transduction strategies for molecular electronics and biochemistry. It also permits extending the distances accessible in RA 2DIR structural measurements up to ca. 60 Å.
IMA: an R package for high-throughput analysis of Illumina's 450K Infinium methylation data
Authors: Wang Dan , Yan Li , Hu Qiang , Sucheston Lara E. , Higgins Michael J. , Ambrosone Christine B. , Johnson Candace S. , Smiraglia Dominic J. , Liu Song 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Summary: The Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip is a newly designed high-density microarray for quantifying the methylation level of over 450 000 CpG sites within human genome. Illumina Methylation Analyzer (IMA) is a computational package designed to automate the pipeline for exploratory analysis and summarization of site-level and region-level methylation changes in epigenetic studies utilizing the 450K DNA methylation microarray. The pipeline loads the data from Illumina platform and provides user-customized functions commonly required to perform exploratory methylation analysis for individual sites as well as annotated regions.
Availability: IMA is implemented in the R language and is freely available from http://www.rforge.net/IMA.
Contact: song.liu@roswellpark.org
Gradual Increase of miR156 Regulates Temporal Expression Changes of Numerous Genes during Leaf Development in Rice
Authors: Xie Kabin , Shen Jianqiang , Hou Xin , Yao Jialing , Li Xianghua , Xiao Jinghua , Xiong Lizhong 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe highly conserved plant microRNA, miR156, is an essential regulator for plant development. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), miR156 modulates phase changing through its temporal expression in the shoot. In contrast to the gradual decrease over time in the shoot (or whole plant), we found that the miR156 level in rice (Oryza sativa) gradually increased from young leaf to old leaf after the juvenile stage. However, the miR156-targeted rice SQUAMOSA-promoter binding-like (SPL) transcription factors were either dominantly expressed in young leaves or not changed over the time of leaf growth. A comparison of the transcriptomes of early-emerged old leaves and later-emerged young leaves from wild-type and miR156 overexpression (miR156-OE) rice lines found that expression levels of 3,008 genes were affected in miR156-OE leaves. Analysis of temporal expression changes of these genes suggested that miR156 regulates gene expression in a leaf age-dependent manner, and miR156-OE attenuated the temporal changes of 2,660 genes. Interestingly, seven conserved plant microRNAs also showed temporal changes from young to old leaves, and miR156-OE also attenuated the temporal changes of six microRNAs. Consistent with global gene expression changes, miR156-OE plants resulted in dramatic changes including precocious leaf maturation and rapid leaf/tiller initiation. Our results indicate that another gradient of miR156 is present over time, a gradual increase during leaf growth, in addition to the gradual decrease during shoot growth. Gradually increased miR156 expression in the leaf might be essential for regulating the temporal expression of genes involved in leaf development.
Implementing a statin switching programme in primary care: patients' views and experiences
Authors: Krska Janet , Allison Katie , Delargy Michela , Murray Laura , Smith Hillary 
Published: January 2012

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Switching of patients' prescribed medicines within a therapeutic class is a common strategy to reduce prescribing costs, and in England a standard methodology has been promoted for switching processes.• Previous work to date suggests many patients are sceptical of generic products and switching may reduce compliance.• Patients' views on switching in general and the processes used have not been widely sought.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• Patients may be less accepting of therapeutic switching programmes than is currently assumed.• Patients lacked understanding of the reason for the switch, despite standard letters and information leaflets being used, and few sought consultations.• Greater explanation of switching, possibly with involvement of community pharmacists, could lead to improved patient understanding and acceptance.INTRODUCTION Estimates suggest £200 million could be saved on prescribing costs in England by implementing medication switches. Few studies have evaluated patients' views or understanding of therapeutic switches.AIM To obtain patient and pharmacist perspectives on switching from atorvastatin to simvastatin within an English Primary Care Trust (PCT).METHOD All patients undergoing this switch, in seven self‐selected East Lancashire practices, were sent postal questionnaires covering demographics, experiences and views regarding switching, with no reminder. Practice pharmacists implementing switches in these practices were interviewed about processes and their views on these.RESULTS Pharmacists' switching process involved a standard letter offering a telephone consultation or appointment, plus an information leaflet. They considered most patients accepted switches, with few requesting consultations.Four hundred and ninety‐four patients were identified and a response rate of 48.6% (240) obtained. The majority of respondents were happy with the switch (53.7%) and how they were informed (60.1%), with these findings being positively correlated. However over half (52.9%) did not understand the reason for the switch, particularly those with lower educational qualifications. Patients unhappy about switching perceived they had experienced side effects, or only learned of the switch on collecting a prescription or did not recall the consultation offer.Respondents indicated a preference for future switches to involve a face‐to‐face consultation (59.8%), with two‐thirds (65.2%) agreeing that community pharmacists should explain medication switches.CONCLUSION The standard process used, in line with nationally‐designed templates, resulted in many patients being unhappy with or lacking understanding of switching statins, suggesting that improvements may be needed.
Spatial patterns and drivers of fire occurrence and its future trend under climate change in a boreal forest of Northeast China
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Yang Jian , Chang Yu , Weisberg Peter J. , He Hong S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the spatial patterns of fire occurrence and its response to climate change is vital to fire risk mitigation and vegetation management. Focusing on boreal forests in NortheastChina, we used spatial point pattern analysis to model fire occurrence reported from 1965 to 2009. Our objectives were to quantitate the relative importance of biotic, abiotic, and human influences on patterns of fire occurrence and to map the spatial distribution of fire occurrence density (number of fires occurring over a given area and time period) under current and future climate conditions. Our results showed human‐caused fires were strongly related to human activities (e.g. landscape accessibility), including proximity to settlements and roads. In contrast, fuel moisture and vegetation type were the most important controlling factors on the spatial pattern of lightning fires. Both current and future projected spatial distributions of the overall (human‐ + lightning‐caused) fire occurrence density were strongly clustered along linear components of human infrastructure. Our results demonstrated that the predicted change in overall fire occurrence density is positively related to the degree of temperature and precipitation change, although the spatial pattern of change is expected to vary spatially according to proximity to human ignition sources, and in a manner inconsistent with predicted climate change. Compared to the current overall fire occurrence density (median value: 0.36 fires per 1000 km2per year), the overall fire occurrence density is projected to increase by 30% under theCGCM3B1 scenario and by 230% under HadCM3A2 scenario in 2081–2100, respectively. Our results suggest that climate change effects may not outweigh the effects of human influence on overall fire occurrence over the next century in this cultural landscape. Accurate forecasts of future fire‐climate relationships should account for anthropogenic influences on fire ignition density, such as roads and proximity to settlements.
Different genetic clines in response to temperature across the native and introduced ranges of a global plant invader
Authors: Alexander Jake M. , van Kleunen Mark , Ghezzi Reto , Edwards Peter J. 
Published: January 2012

Summary1. Understanding how non‐native plants respond to environmental variation, and the limits to these responses, is important for predicting plant invasiveness. Until now, the extent to which species’ climatic limits differ on introduction to a new range has not been experimentally tested. Here, we investigate fitness responses to temperature and low‐temperature limits to reproduction of native and introduced populations of the widespread forb Plantago lanceolata.2. We recorded fitness parameters of P. lanceolata accessions collected from nearly complete latitudinal gradients in the species’ native and introduced ranges and grown in five common gardens arranged along an elevational gradient in the native range (European Alps). The highest garden was located outside the low‐temperature limit of the species.3. Native populations exhibited clear clinal genetic differentiation along temperature gradients, while any differentiation in introduced populations was much weaker; however, the introduced populations displayed higher average fitness and broad climatic tolerance. Despite these differences, both native and introduced plants failed to set seed beyond the elevational range margin and so shared a similar low‐temperature limit to reproduction.4. Synthesis. Our experimental data support observational studies of niche‐limit conservatism in non‐native plants, which has important implications for their management. Specifically, it suggests that efforts to predict the extent of an invasion based on knowledge of the native niche are likely to be accurate at the level of the species, even if populations undergo genetic changes or respond differently to climatic gradients in the new range.
Genomic signature of natural and anthropogenic stress in wild populations of the waterflea Daphnia magna: validation in space, time and experimental evolution
Authors: ORSINI LUISA , SPANIER KATINA I. , DE MEESTER LUC 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNatural populations are confronted with multiple selection pressures resulting in a mosaic of environmental stressors at the landscape level. Identifying the genetic underpinning of adaptation to these complex selection environments and assigning causes of natural selection within multidimensional selection regimes in the wild is challenging. The water flea Daphnia is a renowned ecological model system with its well‐documented ecology, the possibility to analyse subfossil dormant egg banks and the short generation time allowing an experimental evolution approach. Capitalizing on the strengths of this model system, we here link candidate genome regions to three selection pressures, known to induce micro‐evolutionary responses in Daphnia magna: fish predation, parasitism and land use. Using a genome scan approach in space, time and experimental evolution trials, we provide solid evidence of selection at the genome level under well‐characterized environmental gradients in the wild and identify candidate genes linked to the three environmental stressors. Our study reveals differential selection at the genome level in Daphnia populations and provides evidence for repeatable patterns of local adaptation in a geographic mosaic of environmental stressors fuelled by standing genetic variation. Our results imply high evolutionary potential of local populations, which is relevant to understand the dynamics of trait changes in natural populations and their impact on community and ecosystem responses through eco‐evolutionary feedbacks.
The flavoprotein Cyc2p, a mitochondrial cytochrome c assembly factor, is a NAD(P)H‐dependent haem reductase
Authors: Corvest Vincent , Murrey Darren A. , Hirasawa Mazakazu , Knaff David B. , Guiard Bernard , Hamel Patrice P. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryCytochrome c assembly requires sulphydryls at the CXXCH haem binding site on the apoprotein and also chemical reduction of the haem co‐factor. In yeast mitochondria, the cytochrome haem lyases (CCHL, CC1HL) and Cyc2p catalyse covalent haem attachment to apocytochromes c and c1. An in vivo indication that Cyc2p controls a reductive step in the haem attachment reaction is the finding that the requirement for its function can be bypassed by exogenous reductants. Although redox titrations of Cyc2p flavin (Em = −290 mV) indicate that reduction of a disulphide at the CXXCH site of apocytochrome c (Em = −265 mV) is a thermodynamically favourable reaction, Cyc2p does not act as an apocytochrome c or c1 CXXCH disulphide reductase in vitro. In contrast, Cyc2p is able to catalyse the NAD(P)H‐dependent reduction of hemin, an indication that the protein's role may be to control the redox state of the iron in the haem attachment reaction to apocytochromes c. Using two‐hybrid analysis, we show that Cyc2p interacts with CCHL and also with apocytochromes c and c1. We postulate that Cyc2p, possibly in a complex with CCHL, reduces the haem iron prior to haem attachment to the apoforms of cytochrome c and c1.
Association studies of Toll‐like receptor gene polymorphisms with allograft survival in renal transplant recipients of North India
Authors: Srivastava Priyanka , Singh Anugya , Kesarwani Praveen , Jaiswal Praveen K. , Singh Vibha , Mittal Rama D. 
Published: January 2012

Srivastava P, Singh A, Kesarwani P, Jaiswal PK, Singh V, Mittal RD. Association studies of Toll‐like receptor gene polymorphisms with allograft survival in renal transplant recipients of North India.Abstract:  Organ transplantation itself inevitably activates the innate immune system by Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), potentially leading to allograft rejection and graft failure. We evaluated the possible association of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR9 polymorphisms of donor‐recipient pairs and acute rejection in renal transplant patients of North India. TLR2 (−196 to −174 del), TLR3 (c.1377C/T; rs 3775290), and TLR9 (+2848 G/A; rs 352140) were genotyped using DNA samples from 200 donor‐recipient pairs of live donor kidney transplantation by applying Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) methodology. The variant allele frequency of TLR2 (−196 to −174 del) was significantly different between recipients and donors (7.5% vs. 5.0%; p = 0.049; OR = 3.9; 95%CI = 1.01–15.32). However, no significant association for allograft rejection was observed in transplant recipients for TLR3 and TLR9. Interestingly, a low prevalence of AA genotype of TLR9 + 2848 G>A was observed in rejecters when compared with non‐rejecters, demonstrating protective association with allograft rejection (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.12–0.88, p = 0.028). An allele in patients was also observed to be associated with higher rejection‐free survival (log‐rank = 0.044). These TLR gene polymorphisms, upon further evaluation, may be helpful in elucidation of immunobiological mechanisms associated with renal graft rejection.