bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On convergence properties of variational constitutive updates for elasto‐visco‐plasticity
Authors: Brassart Laurence , Stainier Laurent 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper deals with J2 elasto‐visco‐plasticity and analyzes in details a variational formulation of associated constitutive updates. The variational formulation is briefly presented and compared with the traditional radial return algorithm. Differences are highlighted in the case of combined hardening and rate‐dependency models. In that case, the variational formulation introduces an algorithmic parameter, which effect is analyzed on precision and convergence behavior. A practical rule is proposed for choosing an optimal value for this parameter (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Partially relaxed energy potentials for the modelling of microstructures – application to shape memory alloys
Authors: Bartel Thorsten , Menzel Andreas 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEnergy relaxation is well‐established by several researchers – especially in the field of the modelling of solid‐solid phase transformations. Nevertheless, critics still counter this concept by considering it as a purely mathematical tool with poor physical significance. In this contribution we aim at emphasising the significance of energy relaxation methods for the modelling of dissipative solids and especially microstructure formation and its further evolution. In particular, we shall point out aspects and advantages of this concept which are not straight forward to achieve within alternative schemes (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermodynamics of multiphase problems in viscoelasticity
Authors: Paoli Laetitia , Petrov Adrien 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper deals with a three‐dimensional mixture model describing materials undergoing phase transition with thermal expansion. The problem is formulated within the framework of generalized standard solids by the coupling of the momentum equilibrium equation and the ßow rule with the heat transfer equation. A global solution for this thermodynamically consistent problem is obtained by using a Þxed‐point argument combined with global energy estimates (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Relationships between gray matter, body mass index, and waist circumference in healthy adults
Authors: Kurth Florian , Levitt Jennifer G. , Phillips Owen R. , Luders Eileen , Woods Roger P. , Mazziotta John C. , Toga Arthur W. , Narr Katherine L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObesity and overweight are often defined by the body mass index (BMI), which associates with metabolic and cardiovascular disease, and possibly with dementia as well as variations in brain volume. However, body fat distribution and abdominal obesity (as measured by waist circumference) is more strongly correlated with cardiovascular and metabolic risk than is BMI. While prior studies have revealed negative associations between gray matter tissue volumes and BMI, the relationship with respect to waist circumference remains largely unexplored. We therefore investigated the effects of both BMI and waist circumference on local gray matter volumes in a group of 115 healthy subjects screened to exclude physical or mental disorders that might affect the central nervous system. Results revealed significant negative correlations for both BMI and waist circumference where regional gray matter effects were largest within the hypothalamus and further encompassed prefrontal, anterior temporal and inferior parietal cortices, and the cerebellum. However, associations were more widespread and pronounced for waist circumference than BMI. Follow‐up analyses showed that these relationships differed significantly across gender. While associations were similar for both BMI and waist circumference for males, females showed more extensive correlations for waist circumference. Our observations suggest that waist circumference is a more sensitive indicator than BMI, particularly in females, for potentially determining the adverse effects of obesity and overweight on the brain and associated risks to health. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasma clozapine and norclozapine in relation to prescribed dose and other factors in patients aged 65 years and over: data from a therapeutic drug monitoring service, 1996–2010
Authors: Bowskill Sally , Couchman Lewis , MacCabe James Hunter , Flanagan Robert James 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of dose and other factors on plasma clozapine concentrations in patients aged 65 years and over.MethodAudit of clozapine therapeutic drug monitoring data, 1996–2010.ResultsThere were 1930 samples [778 patients, 363 men aged (median, range) 67 (65–100) years and 415 women aged 68 (65–90) years]. There was no significant difference in the mean plasma clozapine concentration between men (0.56 mg/l) and women (0.58 mg/l), although the mean dose was higher in men (323 mg/d) than women (264 mg/d). The higher proportion of men (46%) compared with women (37%) smokers could explain this finding. Overall, 32% of samples had plasma clozapine below, and 37% above, a target range of 0.35–0.60 mg/l. Overall, the median dose decreased from 300 (65–70 years) to 200 mg/d (age 85 years and over). However, prescription of >350 mg/d was associated with a 50% likelihood that the plasma clozapine would exceed 0.60 mg/l. For a subgroup of 196 patients (114 men, 82 women), mean plasma clozapine was significantly higher after age 65 despite significantly lower dosage.ConclusionClozapine dosage in elderly patients should be reviewed regularly to minimise the risk of adverse effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thymidylate synthase mRNA levels in plasma and tumor as potential predictive biomarkers for raltitrexed sensitivity in gastric cancer
Authors: Shen Jie , Wang Hao , Wei Jia , Yu Lixia , Xie Li , Qian Xiaoping , Zou Zhengyun , Liu Baorui , Guan Wenxian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDifferent chemotherapeutic agents currently available are effective only in certain subsets of patients. Predictive biomarkers will be helpful in choosing those agents and can improve the clinical efficiency by a more personalized chemotherapeutic approach. Raltitrexed is a novel water‐soluble quinazoline folate analogue and can improve the efficiency of gastric cancer treatment, but its predictive biomarker remains unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of plasma and tumor thymidylate synthase (TS) mRNA levels as predictive biomarkers for raltitrexed in gastric cancer. In total, 125 freshly removed gastric tumor specimens and corresponding blood samples before surgery were collected. Raltitrexed sensitivity was determined by histoculture drug response assay procedures. TS mRNA levels in tumor and plasma were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Plasma TS mRNA level in cancer patients was significantly higher than in healthy subjects (p = 0.009) and was significantly correlated with TS mRNA level in tumor tissues (r = 0.665, p < 0.001). Tumor and plasma TS mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in raltitrexed‐sensitive group than in resistant group (p = 0.007 and 0.013, respectively). The sensitivity and accuracy of raltitrexed sensitivity prediction based on plasma TS mRNA levels were 82 and 60%, respectively, whereas the prediction based on tumor TS mRNA reached 70% sensitivity and 68% accuracy. These results indicate that TS mRNA level in plasma can mirror tumor TS mRNA level, and both of them can be used to predict raltitrexed sensitivity in gastric cancer.
Molecular mapping of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia shows etiological dominance of HPV16
Authors: van der Marel Jacolien , Quint Wim G.V. , Schiffman Mark , van de Sandt Miekel M. , Zuna Rosemary E. , Terence Dunn S. , Smith Katherine , Mathews Cara A. , Gold Michael A. , Walker Joan , Wentzensen Nicolas 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWomen with high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HGCIN) frequently present with multiple cervical lesions and multiple concomitant Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype infections. To elucidate HPV genotype attribution in different regions on the cervix, we performed molecular mapping of cervical disease in women with HGCIN. Thirteen subjects referred to colposcopy for abnormal cervical cancer screening results were included. A cervical smear and biopsies from 4 different areas on the cervix were collected. HPV genotyping using Linear Array (for cytology) or SPF10 LiPA25 (for histology) were performed in 13 smears, 52 whole sections from biopsies and 138 tissue regions isolated with laser capture microdissection (LCM). Twelve subjects had a diagnosis of CIN3 and one subject had a diagnosis of CIN2 based on the worst histology found in 4 biopsies. Eight of the 13 smears (62%) showed multiple genotype infections. Four of 13 women (31%) had multiple HPV infections in their biopsies. After performing LCM‐PCR, only one woman (8%) had two different carcinogenic HPV types in morphologically distinct, but colliding HGCIN lesions. HPV16 was identified as the causal type in all women with HPV16 in cytology. A large proportion of other HPV types found in cervical smears were not detected at the tissue level. Using tissue‐based genotyping and LCM‐PCR analysis, we were able to attribute an individual HPV type to each area of CIN lesions. We demonstrate that HPV16 is even more etiologically dominant than previously thought, based on various genotype attribution models.
Induction of proapoptotic antibodies to triple‐negative breast cancer by vaccination with TRAIL death receptor DR5 DNA
Authors: Piechocki Marie P. , Wu Gen Sheng , Jones Richard F. , Jacob Jennifer B. , Gibson Heather , Ethier Stephen P. , Abrams Judith , Yagita Hideo , Venuprasad K , Wei Wei‐Zen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand receptor 2 [TRAIL‐R2 or death receptor 5 (DR5)] is expressed at elevated levels in a broad range of solid tumors to mediate apoptotic signals from TRAIL or agonist antibodies. We tested the hypothesis that DR5 DNA vaccination will induce proapoptotic antibody to trigger apoptosis of tumor cells. BALB/c mice were electrovaccinated with DNA‐encoding wild‐type human DR5 (phDR5) or its derivatives. Resulting immune serum or purified immune IgG induced apoptosis in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, which were also TRAIL sensitive. The proapoptotic activity of immune serum at dilutions of 0.5–2% was comparable to that of 1–2 μg/ml of TRAIL. Apoptotic activity of immune serum was enhanced by antibody crosslinking. Apoptotic cell death induced by anti‐DR5 antibody was shown by the cleavage of PARP and caspase‐3. In contrast, immune serum had no effect on the proliferation of activated human T cells, which expressed low levels of DR5.In vivo, hDR5 reactive immune serum prevented growth of SUM159 TNBC cells in severe combined immune‐deficient mice. DR5‐specific IFN‐γ‐secreting T cells were also induced by DNA vaccination. Furthermore, the feasibility to overcome immune tolerance to self DR5 was shown by the induction of mouse DR5‐binding antibody after electrovaccination of BALB/c mice with pmDR5ectm‐Td1encoding a fusion protein of mouse DR5 and an immunogenic fragment of tetanus toxin. These findings support DR5 as a promising vaccine target for controlling TNBC and other DR5‐positive cancers.
Comparative analyses of regulatory T cell subsets in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A crucial role of CD25−FOXP3− T cells
Authors: Kakita Naruyasu , Kanto Tatsuya , Itose Ichiyo , Kuroda Shoko , Inoue Michiyo , Matsubara Tokuhiro , Higashitani Koyo , Miyazaki Masanori , Sakakibara Mitsuru , Hiramatsu Naoki , Takehara Tetsuo , Kasahara Akinori , Hayashi Norio 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) play pivotal role in cancer‐induced immunoediting. Increment of CD25high+FOXP3+ natural Tregs has been reported in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the involvement of other type of Tregs remain elusive. We aimed to clarify whether FOXP3−
Tregs are increased and functionally suppressive or not in patients with HCC. We enrolled 184 hepatitis C‐infected patients with chronic liver diseases or HCC, 57 healthy subjects and 27 HCC patients with other etiology. Distinct Treg subsets were phenotypically identified by the expression of CD4, CD25, CD127 and forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (FOXP3). Their gene profiles, frequency and suppressor functions against T cell proliferation were compared among the subjects. To examine the molecules involving in Treg differentiation, we cultured naive CD4+ T cells in the presence of HCC cells and dendritic cells. We determined two types of CD4+CD127−
T cells with comparable regulatory ability; one is CD25high+ cells expressing FOXP3 (CD25high+FOXP3+ Tregs) and the other is CD25−
cells without FOXP3−
expression (CD25−FOXP3−
cells). The peripheral or intrahepatic frequency of CD25−FOXP3−
Tregs in HCC patients is higher than those in other groups, of which significance is more than CD25high+FOXP3+ cells. Of importance, CD25−FOXP3−
Tregs, but not CD25high+FOXP3+ cells, dynamically change in patients accompanied by the ablation or the recurrence of HCC. CD25−FOXP3−
T cells with CD127−IL‐10+
phenotype are inducible in vitro from naive CD4+ T cells, in which programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, immunoglobulin‐like transcript 4 and human leukocyte antigen G are involved.. In conclusion, CD25−FOXP3−
Tregs with suppressive capacity are increased in patients with HCC, suggesting their distinct roles from CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs.
Enhancement of natural killer cell effector functions against selected lymphoma and leukemia cell lines by dasatinib
Authors: Hassold Nicole , Seystahl Katharina , Kempf Kristina , Urlaub Doris , Zekl Michael , Einsele Hermann , Watzl Carsten , Wischhusen Jörg , Seggewiss‐Bernhardt Ruth 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAs NK cell immunotherapy is still poorly successful, combinations with drugs enhancing NK cell activity are of major interest. NK large granular lymphocyte expansions associated with improved survival have been described under monotherapy with the Bcr‐Abl/Src inhibitor dasatinib, which inhibits NK cell functions in vitro. As Src kinases play a major role in inhibitory and activating signaling pathways of NK cells, both outcomes appear plausible. To clarify these contradictory observations and potentially enable the use of dasatinib as adjuvant, we analyzed how clinically relevant doses promote NK cell effector functions. Polyclonal human NK cells were studied ex vivo. Functional outcomes assessed included conjugate formation, calcium flux, receptor regulation, cytokine production, degranulation, cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction and signal transduction. While dasatinib inhibits NK cell effector functions during functional assays, 24 hr pretreatment of NK cells followed by washout of dasatinib, led to dose‐dependent enhancement of cytokine production, degranulation marker expression and cytotoxicity against selected lymphoma and leukemia cell lines. Mechanistically, this was neither due to an altered viability of NK cells nor increased NKG2D, LFA‐1 or conjugate formation with target cells. Receptor proximal signaling events were inhibited. However, a slight time dependent enhancement of Vav phosphorylation was observed under certain circumstances. The shift in Vav phosphorylation level may be one major mechanism for NK cell activity enhancement induced by dasatinib. Our findings argue for a careful timing and dosing of dasatinib application during leukemia/lymphoma treatment to enhance NK cell immunotherapeutic efforts.
SPILLOVERS BETWEEN BUSINESS CONFIDENCE AND STOCK RETURNS IN GREECE, ITALY, PORTUGAL, AND SPAIN
Authors: Atukeren Erdal , Korkmaz Turhan , Çevik Emrah İ 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper employs Hong's (2001) causality‐in‐mean and causality‐in‐variance tests to investigate the spillovers between business confidence and stock returns for the four economically distressed Southern European countries, namely Greece, Italy, Spain, and Portugal. The sample uses monthly data and covers the period from January 1988 to December 2010. Our causality‐in‐mean results indicate that there is feedback relationship between stock returns and business confidence in Portugal. The direction of causality‐in‐mean runs from business confidence to stock returns in Italy, but it is in the reverse direction in the case of Spain. Nevertheless, there is still evidence of a contemporaneous interaction between business confidence and stock returns in both Italy and Spain. On the other hand, causality‐in‐variance indicate the presence of volatility spillovers from business confidence to stock returns in Portugal, while a causal relationship is found in the current month in the case of Italy. Business confidence causes stock returns only in the mean in Greece. These results indicate that the stock market and business confidence relationship has its own idiosyncratic properties and that the stock market reactions to the current macroeconomic environment and expectations about the future developments might evolve differently in each country. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
REAL EXCHANGE RATE DYNAMICS IN TRANSITION ECONOMIES: A NONLINEAR ANALYSIS
Authors: Nusair Salah A. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis article examines the behaviour of the real exchange rates for 18 transition economies using nonlinear models. We find strong evidence of nonlinearities in 16 of the 18 countries. Contrary to widely held belief that the behaviour of real exchange rates should exhibit symmetrical adjustment for deviations above and below its equilibrium level, we find strong evidence of asymmetrical adjustment in 12 of the 16 countries for which the null hypothesis of linearity is rejected. Applying nonlinear unit root tests reveals evidence of stationarity in all the cases except for Poland. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution of metal released from cobalt–chromium alloy orthopaedic wear particles implanted into air pouches in mice
Authors: Afolaranmi Grace A. , Akbar Moeed , Brewer James , Grant M. Helen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMetal‐on‐metal hip replacement implants generate wear debris and release ions both locally and systemically in patients. To investigate dissemination of metal, we determined blood and organ levels of cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), and molybdenum (Mo) following the implantation of Co–Cr alloy wear debris in mice using skin pouches as a model system. We observed increased metal levels in blood for up to 72 h; the levels of Co were highest and remained elevated for 7 days. Co levels were elevated in all organs studied (liver, kidney, spleen, lung, heart, brain, and testes), with the peak at 48 h; highest levels were measured in liver and kidney (838.9 ± 223.7 ng/g in liver, and 938.8 ± 131.6 ng/g in kidney). Organ Cr levels were considerably lower than Co levels, for example, Cr in kidney was 117.2 ± 12.6 ng/g tissue at 48 h. Co is more mobile than Cr, reaching higher levels at earlier time points. This could be due to local tissue binding of Cr. Exposure to Co–Cr particles in vivo altered antioxidant enzyme expression and activities. We observed induction of catalase protein in the liver and glutathione reductase (GR) and peroxidase (GPx) proteins in the spleen. Activities of catalase and GPx in the liver were significantly increased while that of GR was decreased in the kidney. Organs of mice with Co–Cr particle implantation were exposed to increased metal levels capable of inducing reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes, suggesting the tissue may be subjected to oxidative stress; however, the overall antioxidant defence system was not markedly disturbed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Reactivation of human polyomavirus JC in patients affected by psoriasis vulgaris and psoriatic arthritis and treated with biological drugs: Preliminary results
Authors: Nardis Chiara , Anzivino Elena , Bellizzi Anna , Rodio Donatella M. , De Pità Ornella , Chiarini Fernanda , Pietropaolo Valeria 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPsoriasis vulgaris (PsV) and psoriatic arthritis (PSA) are inter‐related heritable inflammatory skin diseases. Psoriatic lesions develop as a result of abnormal immune responses, hyperproliferation and altered differentiation of keratinocytes, and a notable subset of psoriatic patients develops PsA, characterized by joints inflammation. Recently, biological drugs were introduced to treat these diseases. However, this therapy has already been associated with the development of serious life‐threatening infections, such as the reactivation of human polyomavirus JC (JCV), responsible for the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a lethal demyelinating disease caused by oligodendrocytes lytic infection. Therefore, the aims of our study were the investigation of the possible JCV reactivation in PsV and PsA patients treated with adalimumab, etanercept, and methotrexate, performing quantitative real‐time PCR in sera and skin biopsies at the time of recruitment (T0) and after 3 (T3) and 6 (T6) months of treatment, and the sequencing analysis of the JCV non‐coding control region (NCCR). We found JCV DNA in 5/15 PsV patients and in 2/15 PsA patients and JCV NCCR sequence analysis always showed a structure similar to non‐pathogenic CY archetype, with random occurrence of a few irrelevant point mutations. Nevertheless the poor number of patients analyzed, our preliminary data can pave the way for taking into account that the follow‐up of JCV DNA detection and the JCV NCCR sequence analysis in psoriatic patients may be important to evaluate the risk of PML onset, considering that patients affected by autoimmune diseases and treated with biologics continue to rise. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3796–3802, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological gradient based adapted selective filter for removal of rician noise from magnetic resonance images
Authors: Zia Sultan , Jaffar M. Arfan , Choi Tae‐Sun 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFeature/edge‐preserving noise removal techniques have a strong potential in several application domains including medical image processing. Magnetic resonance (MR) images have a tendency to gain Rician noise during acquisition. In this article, we have presented genetic algorithms based adapted selective non‐local means (GASNLM) filter‐based scheme for noise suppression of MR images while preserving the image features as much as possible. We have applied GASNLM filter with optimal parameter values for different frequency image regions to remove the noise. Filter parameter values are optimized by genetic algorithm (GA). A change in NLM filter known as selective weight matrix is also proposed to preserve the image features. The results prove soundness of the method. We have compared results with many well known and latest techniques, and the improvements are discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1044–1050, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.