bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review: The use of large language models as medical chatbots in digestive diseases
Authors: Giuffrè Mauro , Kresevic Simone , You Kisung , Dupont Johannes , Huebner Jack , Grimshaw Alyssa Ann , Shung Dennis Legen 
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackgroundInterest in large language models (LLMs), such as OpenAI's ChatGPT, across multiple specialties has grown as a source of patient‐facing medical advice and provider‐facing clinical decision support. The accuracy of LLM responses for gastroenterology and hepatology‐related questions is unknown.AimsTo evaluate the accuracy and potential safety implications for LLMs for the diagnosis, management and treatment of questions related to gastroenterology and hepatology.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search including Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and the Web of Science Core Collection to identify relevant articles published from inception until January 28, 2024, using a combination of keywords and controlled vocabulary for LLMs and gastroenterology or hepatology. Accuracy was defined as the percentage of entirely correct answers.ResultsAmong the 1671 reports screened, we identified 33 full‐text articles on using LLMs in gastroenterology and hepatology and included 18 in the final analysis. The accuracy of question‐responding varied across different model versions. For example, accuracy ranged from 6.4% to 45.5% with ChatGPT‐3.5 and was between 40% and 91.4% with ChatGPT‐4. In addition, the absence of standardised methodology and reporting metrics for studies involving LLMs places all the studies at a high risk of bias and does not allow for the generalisation of single‐study results.ConclusionsCurrent general‐purpose LLMs have unacceptably low accuracy on clinical gastroenterology and hepatology tasks, which may lead to adverse patient safety events through incorrect information or triage recommendations, which might overburden healthcare systems or delay necessary care.
Portal hypertension and its prognostic implications in patients with Wilson's disease
Authors: Burghart Lukas , Ferenci Peter , Petrenko Oleksandr , Mandorfer Mattias , Schwarz Michael , Gschwantler Michael , Trauner Michael , Reiberger Thomas , Stättermayer Albert Friedrich 
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackground and AimsWilson's disease may progress to cirrhosis and clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH). We aimed to assess the prevalence and prognostic impact of CSPH‐related features on hepatic decompensation and transplant‐free survival in patients with Wilson's disease.Methods and ResultsAbout 137 patients with Wilson's disease (Leipzig score ≥4), followed for a median observation period of 9.0 (3.9–17.7) years at the Vienna General Hospital, were included in this retrospective study. Overall, 49 (35.8%) developed features of CSPH: 14 (10.2%) varices, 40 (29.2%) splenomegaly, 20 (14.6%) ascites, 18 (13.1%) hepatic encephalopathy and 3 (2.2%) experienced acute variceal bleeding. Overall, 8 (5.8%) patients died, including three deaths caused by CSPH‐related complications. Within 10 years, compensated patients with features of CSPH developed more decompensation events (8.3% vs. 1.5% in patients without CSPH, p = 0.3) and had worse transplant‐free‐survival (91.7% vs. 98.6%), which further declined in patients with hepatic decompensation (26.7%, log‐rank: p < 0.0001). Patients with liver stiffness <15 kPa and normal platelets (≥150 G/L) were less likely to decompensate within 10 years (2.6% vs. 8.4%, p = 0.002) and had a better 10‐year transplant‐free‐survival (97.7% vs. 83.9%, p = 0.006).ConclusionsPatients with Wilson's disease developing features of CSPH are at an increased risk for hepatic decompensation and liver‐related mortality, warranting for regular screening and timely initiation of effective CSPH‐directed treatments.
Regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction by estrogens and estrogen receptors in Alzheimer's disease: A focused review
Authors: Arjmand Shokouh , Ilaghi Mehran , Sisakht Ali Karimi , Guldager Matti Bock , Wegener Gregers , Landau Anne M. , Gjedde Albert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily manifests itself by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline, thus significantly affecting memory functions and quality of life. In this review, we proceed from the understanding that the canonical amyloid‐β hypothesis, while significant, has faced setbacks, highlighting the need to adopt a broader perspective considering the intricate interplay of diverse pathological pathways for effective AD treatments. Sex differences in AD offer valuable insights into a better understanding of its pathophysiology. Fluctuation of the levels of ovarian sex hormones during perimenopause is associated with changes in glucose metabolism, as a possible window of opportunity to further understand the roles of sex steroid hormones and their associated receptors in the pathophysiology of AD. We review these dimensions, emphasizing the potential of estrogen receptors (ERs) to reveal mitochondrial functions in the search for further research and therapeutic strategies for AD pharmacotherapy. Understanding and addressing the intricate interactions of mitochondrial dysfunction and ERs potentially pave the way for more effective approaches to AD therapy.
Physiological plateaus during normal labor and birth: A novel definition
Authors: Weckend Marina , McCullough Kylie , Duffield Christine , Bayes Sara , Davison Clare 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiagnoses of labor dystocia, and subsequent labor augmentation, make one of the biggest contributions to childbirth medicalization, which remains a key challenge in contemporary maternity care. However, labor dystocia is poorly defined, and the antithetical concept of physiological plateaus remains insufficiently explored.AimTo generate a definition of physiological plateaus as a basis for further research.MethodsThis qualitative study applied grounded theory methods and comprised interviews with 20 midwives across Australia, conducted between September 2020 and February 2022. Data were coded in a three‐phase approach, starting with inductive line‐by‐line coding, which generated themes and subthemes, and finally, through axial coding.ResultsPhysiological plateaus represent a temporary slowing of one or multiple labor processes and appear to be common during childbirth. They are reported throughout the entire continuum of labor, typically lasting between a few minutes to several hours. Their etiology/function appears to be a self‐regulatory mechanism of the mother‐infant dyad. Physiological plateaus typically self‐resolve and are followed by a self‐resumption of labor. Women with physiological plateaus during labor appear to experience positive birth outcomes.DiscussionDespite appearing to be common, physiological plateaus are insufficiently recognized in contemporary childbirth discourse. Consequently, there seems to be a significant risk of misinterpretation of physiological plateaus as labor dystocia. While findings are limited by the qualitative design and require validation through further quantitative research, the proposed novel definition provides an important starting point for further investigation.ConclusionA better understanding of physiological plateaus holds the potential for a de‐medicalization of childbirth through preventing unjustified labor augmentation.
RUNX1::ETO and CBFβ::MYH11 converge on aberrant activation of BCAT1 to confer a therapeutic vulnerability in core‐binding factor‐acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Wang Siyang , Liu Yabin , Zhao Xujie , Wang Xiaoling , Lou Jiacheng , Jin Peng , Zhang Yi , Yu Jinyi , Wang Kankan 
Published: May 2024

SummaryEffectively targeting transcription factors in therapeutic interventions remains challenging, especially in core‐binding factor‐acute myeloid leukaemia (CBF‐AML) characterized by RUNX1::ETO and CBFβ::MYH11 fusions. However, recent studies have drawn attention towards aberrant amino acid metabolisms as actionable therapeutic targets. Here, by integrating the expression profile and genetic makeup in AML cohort, we found higher BCAT1 expression in CBF‐AML patients compared with other subtypes. Metabolic profiling revealed that high BCAT1 expression led to reprogrammed branch amino acid metabolism in CBF‐AML and was associated with sphingolipid pathway relating to the fitness of leukaemia cells, supported by transcriptomic profiling. Mechanistically, we demonstrated in cell lines and primary patient samples that BCAT1 was directly activated by RUNX1::ETO and CBFβ::MYH11 fusion proteins similarly in a RUNX1‐dependent manner through rewiring chromatin conformation at the BCAT1 gene locus. Furthermore, BCAT1 inhibition resulted in blunted cell cycle, enhanced apoptosis and myeloid differentiation of CBF‐AML cells in vitro, and alleviated leukaemia burden and prolonged survival in vivo. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of BCAT1 using the specific inhibitor Gabapentin demonstrated therapeutic effects, as evidenced by delayed leukaemia progression and improved survival in vivo. In conclusion, our study uncovers BCAT1 as a genetic vulnerability and a promising targeted therapeutic opportunity for CBF‐AML.
Assessment of fatigue in adult patients with sickle cell disease: Use of the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy—Fatigue (FACIT‐fatigue) questionnaire
Authors: Cheminet Geoffrey , Corbasson Anne , Charmettan Marie , Namaoui Walid , Khimoud Djamal , Flamarion Edouard , Michon Adrien , Lafont Emmanuel , Pouchot Jacques , Ranque Brigitte , Arlet Jean‐Benoît 
Published: May 2024

SummaryFew studies have used validated scales to assess the intensity and determinants of fatigue, a major symptom of sickle cell disease (SCD). We aimed to assess the level of basal fatigue in adult patients with SCD, using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Fatigue (FACIT‐Fatigue) questionnaire. We prospectively included 102 stable adult outpatients with SCD over 2 months, who answered the FACIT‐Fatigue (ranging from 0 (worst imaginable fatigue) to 52 (no fatigue)) and reported on the intensity of fatigue and its impact on quality of life. The cut‐off for significant fatigue was <34. The median [IQR] FACIT‐Fatigue score was 29 [22–37], indicating moderate‐to‐severe fatigue. In a multivariate analysis, the FACIT‐Fatigue score was significantly associated with female sex, high body mass index, high level of stress, poor sleep quality, and number of previous episodes of acute chest syndrome, but not with the genotype or the haemoglobin level. Most adult patients with SCD experience significant and sometimes intense fatigue; this is probably due to several factors, including disease activity. Fatigue should be evaluated systematically during consultations and in patient education programmes and as an end‐point in therapeutic trials.
The potential of lacustrine sedimentary ancient DNA for revealing human postglacial recolonization patterns in northern Sweden – a review
Authors: Johnson Ernst , Regnéll Carl , Heintzman Peter D. , Linderholm Anna 
Published: May 2024

The postglacial recolonization of Fennoscandian flora and fauna was initiated when the land became accessible as the last ice sheet retreated. In northern Sweden, plants are represented in pollen and macrofossil records, but there is no genetic evidence from the first plants, animals or humans in the region, mainly owing to an absence of osteological finds. The questions of who the first postglacial peoples, or pioneers, were and where they came from therefore remain unanswered. Previous palaeogenomic analyses from remains from adjacent regions have suggested that two main routes into Sweden could have been taken by the pioneers, one from the SW through modern‐day Denmark and Norway, and one from the east via Finland. However, no direct genetic evidence from the pioneers of northern Sweden exists. Modern technology has provided the ancient DNA field with an updated toolbox that could allow for novel approaches for revealing the origin and genetic profiles of the first Scandinavians, of which sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) is well placed. Lake sediments are now a routine source of sedaDNA that have been used to record environmental changes and detect species that lived in the surrounding lake catchment. This review will provide context and background, a summary of the ground‐breaking studies within the field of lacustrine sedaDNA, and relevant methodology to address the scientific questions at hand. We conclude that the field is mature enough to provide insight into the origins and arrival times of the first postglacial humans that migrated into northern Sweden.
Highlights and hot topics in GPCR research from ‘Down Under’
Authors: Smith Nicola J. , May Lauren T. , Grimsey Natasha L. 
Published: May 2024

LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc
Dipeptidylpeptidase‐4‐targeted activatable fluorescent probes visualize senescent cells
Authors: Tanaka Hisamichi , Sugawara Sho , Tanaka Yoko , Loo Tze Mun , Tachibana Ryo , Abe Atsuki , Kamiya Mako , Urano Yasuteru , Takahashi Akiko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSenescent cells promote cancer development and progression through chronic inflammation caused by a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Although various senotherapeutic strategies targeting senescent cells have been developed for the prevention and treatment of cancers, technology for the in vivo detection and evaluation of senescent cell accumulation has not yet been established. Here, we identified activatable fluorescent probes targeting dipeptidylpeptidase‐4 (DPP4) as an effective probe for detecting senescent cells through an enzymatic activity‐based screening of fluorescent probes. We also determined that these probes were highly, selectively, and rapidly activated in senescent cells during live cell imaging. Furthermore, we successfully visualized senescent cells in the organs of mice using DPP4‐targeted probes. These results are expected to lead to the development of a diagnostic technology for noninvasively detecting senescent cells in vivo and could play a role in the application of DPP4 prodrugs for senotherapy.
Children's physical activity in family child care homes: Influence of quality status, environment and policy features, and child characteristics
Authors: McIver Kerry L. , Zaltz Daniel A. , Neelon Brian , Bucko Agnes , Benjamin‐Neelon Sara E. , Pate Russell R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAbout half of preschool‐age children are not meeting recommendations of 15 min/h of physical activity (PA), and nearly one out of seven children between the ages of 2–5 years are living with obesity. Furthermore, children attending family child care homes (FCCHs), compared with larger child care centers, engage in lower levels of PA and appear to be at a higher risk of obesity. Therefore, examining PA and multi‐level factors that influence PA in children who attend FCCHs is essential.MethodsThe Childcare Home Eating and Exercise Study (CHEER) examined PA behaviors of 184 children enrolled in 56 FCCHs and FCCH quality status, environment and policy features, and child characteristics. PA was assessed by accelerometer, and FCCH environment and policy was assessed via structured observation. Multiple linear regression was used to model associations between school day total PA and FCCH quality status, environment and policy features, and child characteristics.ResultsChild participants were on average 3.1 years old; participants were non‐Hispanic Black (47.3%), Non‐Hispanic White (42.9%), other race/ethnicity (7.1%), and Hispanic/Latin (2.7%). Children in FCCH settings participated in 11.2 min/h of total PA, which is below the recommended 15 min per hour. The PA environment and policy observation yielded a score of 11.8 out of a possible 30, which is not supportive of child PA. There were no associations between total child PA and FCCH quality status, environment and policy features, and child characteristics in these FCCH settings.ConclusionsThis study was unique in its examination of PA and a comprehensive set of factors that may influence PA at the individual, organizational, environmental, and policy levels in a diverse sample of children attending FCCHs in South Carolina. Additional research is needed to better understand how to increase children's physical activity while they are in the FCCH setting. This research should use multi‐level frameworks and apply longitudinal study designs.
Redefining ITT cortisol thresholds on Abbott platforms to prevent misdiagnosis of adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Lazarus Katharine , Hayes Annabel , Narula Kavita , Papadopolou Debbie , Tan Tricia M.‐M. , Meeran Karim , Choudhury Sirazum 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdrenal insufficiency (AI) is a life‐threatening condition which requires long term glucocorticoid replacement. The insulin tolerance test (ITT) is the current gold standard test for diagnosis of secondary AI, but the widely accepted cut‐off value of a peak cortisol of less than 500 nmol/L assumes that anyone who does not reach this value has AI and thus requires full replacement. The cut‐off used to diagnose AI is also founded on outdated assays. Use of this cut‐off in an era of more specific immunoassays therefore risks misdiagnosis, subsequent unnecessary glucocorticoid exposure and associated adverse effects with increased mortality risk.Design, Patients and MeasurementsThis retrospective analysis assessed 300 ITT cortisol responses using the Abbott Architect and Alinity analyser platforms in patients with suspected AI over a period of 12 years (August 2010 to January 2022), at a tertiary centre.ResultsPatients were classified as having AI or not, based on a comprehensive clinical review of electronic patient records from the point of test to the present day by a panel of pituitary and adrenal specialists. Using the current institutional cut‐off value of 500 nmol/L, receiver operating characteristic analysis identified a 100.0% sensitivity and 43.6% specificity (area under the curve 0.979). Using a lower cortisol threshold value of 416 nmol/L on the Abbott analyser platform maintained a sensitivity of 100.0% and improved the specificity to 86.7%.ConclusionThis data supports lowering the Abbott analyser ITT peak cortisol threshold to 416 nmol/L. Use of this improved cut‐off avoids unnecessary glucocorticoid replacement therapy in 104 (34.7%) of individuals in this study. All patients remained well with at least 1 year longitudinal follow up of glucocorticoid replacement.
Diverse approaches to protecting biodiversity: The different conservation measures discussed as possible other effective area‐based conservation measures
Authors: Cook Carly N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOther effective area‐based conservation measures (OECMs) create opportunities for a wide range of area‐based conservation strategies. As countries seek to integrate OECMs into conservation planning, it is useful to consider the types of areas that might meet the formal criteria. To support this goal, I analyzed the different types of measures discussed as possible OECMs in the literature, identifying a wide range of measures, far more diverse than those currently recognized as OECMs. There was a strong emphasis on measures with conservation as a secondary management objective, with most studies being supportive of the potential to balance biodiversity conservation and sustainable resource use. However, many studies have highlighted the need to ensure biodiversity outcomes are achieved and sustained, and that appropriate governance and management structures are in place. Concerns were raised about measures associated with resource extraction, such as fisheries and forestry, which were often considered incompatible with conservation. Very few studies offered a nuanced discussion of specific measures or evaluated whether sites offer conservation outcomes, leaving clear knowledge gaps in translating speculation into evidence. Nevertheless, the current literature offers a strong starting point from which to target potential case studies to build the evidence base necessary to advance OECMs.
1089. Tricyrtis ohsumiensis Masam.: Liliaceae
Authors: Moore Richard , Langhorne Joanna 
Published: May 2024

SummaryTricyrtis ohsumiensis Masam. is a rare endemic species of southern Japan with beautiful, ornamental yellow flowers; it is illustrated here with a hand‐coloured engraving; its taxonomic relationships, morphology, ecology and notes on its cultivation are discussed.
Love and Ren (仁) in plague: An analysis of Martin Luther and Wang Yangming's plague narrative from the perspective of emotion studies
Authors: Zhu Yan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs the most important reformers of Confucianism and Christianity, early modern thinkers in China and the West, Wang Yangming and Martin Luther both experienced deadly plagues. This article analyzes how they offered emotional direction and assistance to ordinary Christians or the public through their plague narratives, viewed through the lens of emotion studies. By exploring their response to plague, this article aims to facilitate a dialogue between Wang Yangming's doctrine of “extending humanity to form one body with Heaven, Earth and all things” (天地万物一体之仁) and Martin Luther's Christian principle of “loving your neighbor as yourself.”
Luther and Taoism: The early Lutheran interpretation of the Taoist conception of love in the Sino‐Nordic religious encounter
Authors: GAO Yuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe issue of how Chinese Taoism was introduced into the Nordic context of Lutheran theology is not only a fascinating subject of history but also a profound religious theme revealing the underlying conflicts, convergence, and dialogue of core values between Eastern and Western faith traditions. This study presents a survey of the early Lutheran interpretation of the Taoist conception of love with particular focus on whether Taoist doctrines were misunderstood during the encounter. The first section addresses the main line of reception of Taoist classics in Scandinavia. The second section examines some critical evaluations of the Taoist value of love by early Nordic missionaries to China. The third section discusses Luther's theology of love by addressing the doctrine of the two kinds of love according to the Finnish Lutheran School. In relation to this Lutheran picture, the fourth section proceeds to the Taoist concept of love by inquiring into Taoism's ideal of divine spiritual life. Based on the systematic comparison of the sources of love in both Lutheran theology and Taoism, section five explores new approaches in the modern Lutheran–Taoist dialogue on the renewal of love. I argue that the Taoist conception of the metaphysical benevolence (love) in Tao as well as the real‐ontic presence of Tao in one's soul (Te) is not very far from the Finnish interpretation of Luther's idea of “in ipsa fide Christus adest,” compared to which the Taoist worship of certain moral examples cannot be misunderstood as worship of false idols but rather provides a useful image of an ascending love for inspiring ordinary people toward an ideal spiritual life. Thereby, these ontological and epistemological interpretations open a new horizon for deepening the modern Lutheran–Taoist dialogue on the renewal of love toward divinization.