bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous trends in global ocean carbon concentrations following the 2022 eruptions of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai
Authors: Franz Bryan A. , Cetinić Ivona , Ibrahim Amir , Sayer Andrew M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe report on observed trend anomalies in climate-relevant global ocean biogeochemical properties, as derived from satellite ocean color measurements, that show a substantial decline in phytoplankton carbon concentrations following eruptions of the submarine volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in January 2022. The anomalies are seen in remotely-sensed ocean color data sets from multiple satellite missions, but not in situ observations, thus suggesting that the observed anomalies are a result of ocean color retrieval errors rather than indicators of a major shift in phytoplankton carbon concentrations. The enhanced concentration of aerosols in the stratosphere following the eruptions results in a violation of some fundamental assumptions in the processing algorithms used to obtain marine biogeochemical properties from satellite radiometric observations, and it is demonstrated through radiative transfer simulations that this is the likely cause of the anomalous trends. We note that any future stratospheric aerosol disturbances, either natural or geoengineered, may lead to similar artifacts in satellite ocean color and other remote-sensing measurements of the marine environment, thus confounding our ability to track the impact of such events on ocean ecosystems.
MISATO: machine learning dataset of protein–ligand complexes for structure-based drug discovery
Authors: Siebenmorgen Till , Menezes Filipe , Benassou Sabrina , Merdivan Erinc , Didi Kieran , Mourão André Santos Dias , Kitel Radosław , Liò Pietro , Kesselheim Stefan , Piraud Marie , Theis Fabian J. , Sattler Michael , Popowicz Grzegorz M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLarge language models have greatly enhanced our ability to understand biology and chemistry, yet robust methods for structure-based drug discovery, quantum chemistry and structural biology are still sparse. Precise biomolecule–ligand interaction datasets are urgently needed for large language models. To address this, we present MISATO, a dataset that combines quantum mechanical properties of small molecules and associated molecular dynamics simulations of ~20,000 experimental protein–ligand complexes with extensive validation of experimental data. Starting from the existing experimental structures, semi-empirical quantum mechanics was used to systematically refine these structures. A large collection of molecular dynamics traces of protein–ligand complexes in explicit water is included, accumulating over 170 μs. We give examples of machine learning (ML) baseline models proving an improvement of accuracy by employing our data. An easy entry point for ML experts is provided to enable the next generation of drug discovery artificial intelligence models.
Characterisation of a Japanese Encephalitis virus genotype 4 isolate from the 2022 Australian outbreak
Authors: Nguyen Wilson , Gyawali Narayan , Stewart Romal , Tang Bing , Cox Abigail L. , Yan Kexin , Larcher Thibaut , Bishop Cameron R. , Wood Nicholas , Devine Gregor J. , Suhrbier Andreas , Rawle Daniel J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHuman infections with the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are a leading cause of viral encephalitis. An unprecedented outbreak of JEV genotype 4 was recently reported in Australia, with an isolate (JEVNSW/22) obtained from a stillborn piglet brain. Herein we conduct a thorough characterization of JEVNSW/22 in three different mouse strains and in human cortical brain organoids (hBOs), and determined the ability of JEVNSW/22 to be neutralized by sera from humans vaccinated with IMOJEV. JEVNSW/22 was less virulent than JEVFU (genotype 2) and JEVNakayama (genotype 3) in C57BL/6J mice and in interferon regulatory factor 7 deficient (Irf7−/−) mice, with infection of wild-type and knockout murine embryonic fibroblasts indicating JEVNSW/22 is more sensitive to type I interferon responses. Irf7−/− mice provide a new model for JEVNSW/22, showing higher viremia levels compared to C57BL/6J mice, and allowing for lethal neuroinvasive infection. All JEV strains were universally lethal in Ifnar−/− mice by day 3, with histological signs of brain hemorrhage, but no other lesions. There were no indications of brain infection in Ifnar−/− mice, with viral protein detected in blood vessels, but not neurons. All JEV isolates showed robust cytopathic infection of human cortical brain organoids, albeit lower for JEVNSW/22. IMOJEV vaccination in humans induced antibodies capable of neutralizing JEVNSW/22, although, for all JEV strains, cross-neutralization titers declined with increasing divergence from IMOJEV in the envelope amino acid sequences. Overall, our study establishes JEVNSW/22 mouse and hBO models of infection, allowing for possible lethal neuroinvasive infection in mice that was rarer than for other JEV genotypes. JEV vaccination regimens may afford protection against this newly emerged JEV genotype 4 strain, although neutralizing antibody responses are sub-optimal.
Heterostructures made from bone-like plasmonic Au nanoantennas and ZnO quantum dots for broadband photodetectors
Authors: Liu Bingwu , Xie Xi , Feng Yuan , Chen Pu , Li Dong , Cheng Huan , Min Changjun , Zhang Qinglin , Hu Jiawen 
Published: May 2024

The BLAuNAs/ZnO heterostructures not only improve the photoresponse to UV light but also extend the photoresponse to the visible light region due to the plasmonic properties of BLAuNAs and their material nature.
Effect of Repolishing on Color Stability, Translucency, and Surface Roughness of Aged Monochromatic Dental Composites
Authors: Abdul-Monem Mohamed M. , Hussein Mohamed A. , Abdelrehim Mona G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to test repolishing effect on color stability, translucency, and surface roughness of aged monochromatic dental composite in artificial saliva, tea, mouthwash, and coffee after 1 month, simulating 2.5 years of clinical use.
Materials and Methods Omnichroma, a monochromatic dental composite, and Z250 XT a nanohybrid multishade dental composite were used in this study. Specimens (n = 80) from each dental composite were prepared to determine color stability, translucency parameter, and surface roughness after repolishing of aged specimens in artificial saliva, tea, mouthwash, and coffee for 1 month. Scanning electron microscope and laser scanning microscope were used to study surface topography after repolishing. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance, Scheffe test, and independent t-test.
Results A significant difference between both dental composites after repolishing in terms of color stability and translucency parameter as that of Omnichroma was higher but sill color changes of Omnichroma were perceptible. There was no difference between both composites in regard to surface roughness after repolishing; however, values of both composites were above the accepted value of 0.2 µm and laser scanning microscope images confirmed these findings.
Conclusions Repolishing did not enhance color and surface roughness of aged monochromatic dental composites.
Preparation and properties of a new high-energy metal (W) film/aluminum nitride system energy exchanger electrothermal pyrogenant
Authors: Zhou Mi , Li Ming , Lei Jie , Li Jiao , Meng Qingying , Wang Yin , Tong Honghai , Diwu Minjie , Yin Guofu 
Published: May 2024

In order to improve the safety and energy exchange efficiency of electric thermal pyrotechnic devices, a new energy exchange element technology of high energy metal (W) film/aluminum nitride ceramic was explored by taking advantage of the high thermal conductivity of aluminum nitride ceramic materials. High-temperature co-fired ceramics were used to prepare the new system energy exchangers, and the prototype of the new system energy exchanger of high-energy metal (W) film/aluminum nitride was obtained. Through infrared microscopic test and ignition performance test, the new system energy exchanger of high-energy metal (W) film/aluminum nitride can satisfy the 1A1W5min non-ignition test, and the ignition current of 50% is 2.80 A. The response current of 99.9% is 3.54 A, and the response current of 0.1% is 2.06 A, which provides technical support for the application of a new type of passivated electric thermal pyrogenic product.
The electronic structure and magnetic properties of stable Sr2BB′O5 (B = Fe, Co, Ni and B′ = Co, Ni, Mn) with the brownmillerite structure
Authors: Huang Zhiqing , Chen Zaibing , Li Xin , Zhao Zhenjie , Xie Wenhui 
Published: May 2024

First-principles calculations have been performed to investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Sr2BB′O5 (B = Fe, Co, Ni; B′ = Co, Ni, Mn) brownmillerite materials. By considering the atomic arrangements and the tetrahedral rotated modes, including typical magnetic configurations, the ground states are found by comparing their total energy. The thermodynamic and dynamic stability studies revealed that two compounds, Sr2FeCoO5 and Sr2NiMnO5, could be stable in the brownmillerite structure. Further electronic structure calculations show that the ground state of Sr2FeCoO5 is a G-AFM insulator, while the ground state of Sr2NiMnO5 is an A-AFM half-metal with a half-metallic bandgap of about 1 eV, exhibiting excellent half-metallic properties. In addition, the magnetic interactions are analyzed, which suggest that Sr2FeCoO5 could suffer from the influence of the B-site atomic disorder to maintain the G-AFM state, while Sr2NiMnO5 is more sensitive to atomic disorder, so its A-AFM state would be easily destroyed by the B-site disorder. These results would be helpful for further research.
Regional differences in the air–sea CO2 flux between 3 and 14°S in the south-western tropical Atlantic
Authors: Guimarães Lucas Medeiros , Montes Manuel J. Flores , Lefèvre Nathalie 
Published: May 2024

Context The fugacity of surface-seawater CO2 (fCO2sw) and the sea–air CO2 fluxes in the south-western tropical Atlantic (SWTA) were studied to increase the knowledge about the carbon cycle in this region. Aims This paper aims to describe the distribution of fCO2sw in SWTA. Methods The fCO2sw was measured from 2008 to 2020 by volunteer merchant ships with an onboard system that measures pCO2 while the vessels were underway. Key results Higher values occurred north of 8°S than in the region south of 8°S. The north is a strong source of CO2 for the atmosphere, with an annual mean value of 3.14 ± 0.52 mmol m−2 day−1. The south is a weaker source of CO2, with an annual average of 0.93 ± 0.90 mmol m−2 day−1. In the months of July and August, a weak sink of CO2 was observed, with a mean of −0.55 mmol m−2 day−1. Conclusions and implications The differences between these two regions are explained by the origin of the surface-water masses encountered along the ship track. The central branch of the South Equatorial Current (SEC) transports surface water, with a higher CO2 concentration and lower salinity, north of 8°S, whereas the surface waters between 8 and 14°S come from the southern branch of the SEC. The intertropical convergence zone is another physical process influencing the region north of 8°S.
Security augmenting of optical cryptosystem based on linear canonical transform domain using a full phase encoding technique
Authors: Mohammed Emad A , Qasim Israa M 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor the purpose of alleviating the vulnerability of double random phase encryption system in the linear canonical transform domain, a novel approach for optical security and cryptographic systems is presented. This proposed system uses a fully phase encoding technique to augment the security of encryption system in the linear canonical transform. The first step in this system involves phase encoding of the initial amplitude image to be ciphered and then modulated by the phase masks. The decryption process of image is the reversal operation of the encryption method. The effectiveness and sensitivity of our proposed cryptosystem for the encryption secret keys are verified. The resistance of our method against occlusion attacks is investigated. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the fully phase-based optical cryptosystem is more secure and robust than the amplitude-based scheme in a linear canonical domain.
Tuning the potentials of aluminum phosphide nanotube photocatalyst for wastewater treatment through band gap engineering: a DFT study
Authors: Saadu Itas Yahaya , Razali Razif , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Boukhris Imed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The photocatalytic properties of semiconductor materials, which are controllable through the design of the bandgap structure, make them a promising catalyst for wastewater treatment. This work investigated the photocatalytic properties of single-walled aluminum phosphide nanotube (SWAlPNT) doped with different concentrations of boron (B) atoms for wastewater treatment. Analysis of the structural, electronic and optical properties of the SWAlPNT photocatalyst was performed using the density functional theory approach in terms of plane wave basis set and pseudopotential. SWAlPNT was found to be stable to B doping with 3.6% and 7.1% concentrations. The obtained formation energy values of 12.33 eV, 12.00 eV and 11.98 eV and also cohesive energies of −0.82, eV, −0.75 eV and 0.79 eV for pristine, 3.6% and 7.1% B-doped SWAlPNTs, revealed the systems’ well mechanical and thermodynamic stabilities. Results also revealed that cohesive energy decreases with an increase in concentration of B dopant, which significantly enhances efficient thermal stability. Electronic band gap calculations revealed that pristine SWAlPNT demonstrated a direct band gap value of 0.2 eV. Due to B doping, an indirect band gap value of 1.4 eV was obtained with 3.6% B-doped SWAlPNT, which agreed well with band gaps of other photocatalysts used for wastewater purification. Analysis using optical absorption spectra revealed that 3.6% B-doped system absorbs visible light while 7.1% doped system absorbs both visible and ultraviolet light. This study found both 3.6% and 7.1% B-doped SWAlPNT as suitable photocatalysts for wastewater treatment under solar irradiation, with the 3.6% B-doped system demonstrating relatively better performance for wastewater treatment.
Balanced travelling-wave parametric amplifiers for practical applications
Authors: Longden J C , Navarro Montilla J , Tan B-K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The development of superconducting travelling-wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) over the past decade has highlighted their potential as low-noise amplifiers for use in fundamental physics experiments and industrial applications. However, practical challenges, including signal-idler contamination, complex pump injection and cancellation, impedance mismatch, and the reciprocal nature of the device, have made it challenging to deploy TWPAs in real-world applications. In this paper, we introduce an innovative solution to these issues through phase-controlled balanced-TWPA architectures. These architectures involve placing two TWPAs in parallel between a pair of broadband couplers. By carefully controlling the phases of the tones propagating along the TWPAs, we can effectively separate the signal and idler tones, as well as the pump(s), using a straightforward injection and cancellation mechanism. The balanced-TWPA architecture offers versatility and flexibility, as it can be reconfigured either intrinsically or externally to suit different application needs. In this manuscript, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the working principles of the balanced-TWPA, including various configurations designed to meet diverse application requirements. We also present the expected gain-bandwidth products in comparison to traditional TWPAs and conduct tolerance analysis to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of the balanced-TWPA architecture. By addressing the practical challenges associated with TWPAs, the balanced-TWPA architecture represents a promising advancement in the field, offering a more practical and adaptable solution for a wide range of applications.
Geodesic structure, shadow and optical appearance of black hole immersed in Chaplygin-like dark fluid
Authors: Li Xiang-Qian , Yan Hao-Peng , Yue Xiao-Jun , Zhou Shi-Wei , Xu Qiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, we focus on a black hole immersed in a cosmological Chaplygin-like dark fluid (CDF), characterized by the equation of state p = -B/ρ and an additional parameter q influencing the energy density of the fluid. We investigate the geodesic structure, shadow, and optical appearance of such a black hole. Through analysis on the effective potential and the epicyclic frequencies, it is found that the existence of innermost/outermost stable circular orbits for a timelike particle is governed by the CDF parameters. The behaviors of the orbital conserved quantities and Keplerian frequency are also examined. Due to the existence of pseudo-cosmological horizon, the determination of the shadow radius depends significantly on the position of the observer. By placing the static observer at an approximately flat position between the event and pseudo-cosmological horizons, we constrain the CDF parameters using EHT observations. We investigate the effect of CDF on the shadows and optical images of the black hole, surrounded by various profiles of accretions. For the thin disk accretion, the light trajectories are categorized into direct emission, lensing ring, and photon ring based on impact parameters. Due to the existence of outermost stable circular orbits, outer edges could exist in the direct and lensing ring images. The observed brightness is mainly due to direct emission, with a minor contribution from the lensing ring, while the contribution from the photon ring is negligible due to extreme demagnetization. In the case of spherical accretion, we consider both static and infalling accretion models. The images obtained under infalling accretion are slightly darker than those under static accretion, attributed to the Doppler effect. Throughout the study, we analyze the influence of the parameters B and q on the results.
Inverse Gertsenshtein effect as a probe of high-frequency gravitational waves
Authors: He Yutong , Giri Sambit K. , Sharma Ramkishor , Mtchedlidze Salome , Georgiev Ivelin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We apply the inverse Gertsenshtein effect, i.e., the graviton-photon conversion in the presence of a magnetic field, to constrain high-frequency gravitational waves (HFGWs).
Using existing astrophysical measurements, we compute upper limits on the GW energy densities ΩGW at 16 different frequency bands.
Given the observed magnetisation of galaxy clusters with field strength B ∼ μG correlated on 𝒪(10) kpc scales, we estimate HFGW constraints in the 𝒪(102) GHz regime to be ΩGW ≲ 1016 with the temperature measurements of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT).
Similarly, we conservatively obtain ΩGW ≲ 1013 (1011) in the 𝒪(102) MHz (𝒪(10) GHz) regime by assuming uniform magnetic field with strength B ∼ 0.1 nG and saturating the excess signal over the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) reported by radio telescopes such as the Experiment to Detect the Global EoR Signature (EDGES), LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR), and Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), and the balloon-borne second generation Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission (ARCADE2)
with graviton-induced photons. The upcoming Square Kilometer Array (SKA) can tighten these constraints by roughly 10 orders of magnitude, which will be a step closer to reaching the critical value of ΩGW = 1 or the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) bound of ΩGW ≃ 1.2 × 10-6.
We point to future improvement of the SKA forecast and estimate that proposed CMB measurement at the level of 𝒪(100-2) nK, such as Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) and Voyage 2050, are needed to viably detect stochastic backgrounds of HFGWs.
The imitation game reloaded: effective shadows of dynamically robust spinning Proca stars
Authors: Sengo Ivo , Cunha Pedro V.P. , Herdeiro Carlos A.R. , Radu Eugen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We analyse the lensing images by dynamically robust rotating (mini-)Proca stars surrounded by thin accretion disks. Due to their peculiar geodesic structure we show that these images exhibit striking similarities with the ones of BHs, for appropriately chosen disk intensity profile, when imposing a GRMHD-motivated emission cut off. Additionally, and unlike the non-rotating case, these similarities prevail even when considering equatorial observations. This example illustrates how a horizonless compact object without light rings, with a plausible formation mechanism and dynamically robust, could mimic detailed features of black hole imagiology.
Hawking–Page transition and the dual relations of anti-de Sitter black holes surrounded by dark energy in general dimensions
Authors: Xin Zhang , Wei Xu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecently, a dual relationT0(n+ 1) =THP(n) between the minimum temperature (T0(n+ 1)) black hole phase and the Hawking–Page transition (THP(n)) black hole phase in two successive dimensions was introduced by Weiet al(2020Phys. Rev. D10210411); this was reminiscent of the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence, as the Hawking–Page transition temperature could be treated as the temperature of the dual physical quantity on the boundary and the latter corresponds to that in the bulk. In this paper, we discuss the Hawking–Page transition and the dual relations in AdS black holes surrounded by dark energy in general dimensions. Our findings reveal the occurrence of the Hawking–Page transition between the thermal AdS radiation and thermodynamically stable large AdS black holes, in both the spacetime surrounded by phantom dark energy and the spacetime surrounded by quintessence dark energy. We discuss the effects of the phantom dark energy and quintessence dark energy on the Hawking–Page transition temperature. For the dual relation in particular, it works well for the case of an AdS black holes surrounded by phantom dark energy. For the case of an AdS black hole surrounded by quintessence dark energy, the dual relation should be modified under an open assumption that the state parameter and the density parameter of the quintessence dark energy depend on the dimensions of the spacetime.
Consequences of a two-time relativistic Bohmian model
Authors: Raguní Giuseppe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Effects of a Bohmian type quantum-relativistic theory are explored. The model is obtained by introducing a new and independent time parameter whose relative motions are not directly observable and cause quantum uncertainties of the physical observables. Unlike the usual de Broglie–Bohm theories, the Quantum Potential does not directly affect the observable motion, but determines the one that is relative to the new time variable. It turns out that the Zitterbewegung of a free particle, of which a more general law is obtained, is the key example of these hidden motions and, through it, it seems possible to give physical reality to the Feynman’s paths. A relativistic revision of the uncertainty principle is also derived from the theory.