bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of basin characteristics on baseflow and stormflow chemistry in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA
Authors: Neff Keil J. , Schwartz John S. , Moore Stephen E. , Kulp Matt A. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTRelationships between stream chemistry and elevation, area, Anakeesta geology, soil properties, and dominant vegetation were evaluated to identify the influence of basin characteristics on baseflow and stormflow chemistry in eight streams of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Statistical analyses were employed to determine differences between baseflow and stormflow chemistry, and relate basin‐scale factors governing local chemical processes to stream chemistry. Following precipitation events, stream pH was reduced and aluminium concentrations increased, while the response of acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), nitrate, sulfate, and base cations varied. Several basin characteristics were highly correlated with each other, demonstrating the interrelatedness of topographical, geological, soil, and vegetative parameters. These interrelated basin factors uniquely influenced acidification response in these streams. Streams in higher‐elevation basins (>975 m) had significantly lower pH, ANC, sodium, and silicon and higher nitrate concentrations (p < 0.05). Streams in smaller basins (<10 km2) had significantly lower nitrate, sodium, magnesium, silicon, and base cation concentrations. In stormflow, streams in basins with Anakeesta geology (>10%) had significantly lower pH and sodium concentrations, and higher aluminium concentrations. Chemical and physical soil characteristics and dominant overstory vegetation in basins were more strongly correlated with baseflow and stormflow chemical constituents than topographical and geological basin factors. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, of all the soil parameters, was most related to concentrations of stormflow constituents. Basins with higher average hydraulic conductivities were associated with lower stream pH, ANC, and base cation concentrations, and higher nitrate and sulfate concentrations. These results emphasize the importance of soil and geological properties influencing stream chemistry and promote the prioritization of management strategies for aquatic resources. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are increased carotid artery pulsatility and resistance indexes early signs of vascular abnormalities in young obese males?
Authors: Ozari H. Onur , Oktenli Cagatay , Celik Serkan , Tangi Fatih , Ipcioglu Osman , Terekeci Hakan M. , Top Cihan , Uzun Mehmet , Sanisoglu Yavuz S. , Nalbant Selim 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose:To provide insight into the factors by which obesity in itself may directly lead to early arterial damage, we aimed to determine early sonographic markers of obesity‐related vascular dysfunction in young obese males.Methods:Thirty‐five young obese males and 23 age‐matched healthy male volunteers were recruited into the study. Common carotid artery pulsatility index and resistance index were calculated from blood flow velocities curves obtained by pulsed Doppler ultrasonography.Results:The mean pulsatility index, resistance index, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, plasma fasting glucose, insulin, C‐peptide, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein were statistically higher in obese subjects than in healthy controls.Conclusions:Our results suggest that depressed vessel compliance and increased vascular resistance are features of young, obese, normotensive subjects independently of and in addition to cardiovascular risk factors. As changes in arterial wall properties may be incipient in young obese subjects, future studies will be required to demonstrate whether early intervention such as diet and exercise in this population can improve vascular functions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012
4D blood flow visualization fusing 3D and 4D MRA image sequences
Authors: Forkert Nils Daniel , Fiehler Jens , Illies Till , Möller Dietmar P.F. , Handels Heinz , Säring Dennis 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose:To present and evaluate the feasibility of a novel automatic method for generating 4D blood flow visualizations fusing high spatial resolution 3D and time‐resolved (4D) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) datasets.Materials and Methods:In a first step, the cerebrovascular system is segmented in the 3D MRA dataset and a surface model is computed. The hemodynamic information is extracted from the 4D MRA dataset and transferred to the surface model using rigid registration where it can be visualized color‐coded or dynamically over time. The presented method was evaluated using software phantoms and 20 clinical datasets from patients with an arteriovenous malformation. Clinical evaluation was performed by comparison of Spetzler–Martin scores determined from the 4D blood flow visualizations and corresponding digital subtraction angiographies.Results:The performed software phantom validation showed that the presented method is capable of producing reliable visualization results for vessels with a minimum diameter of 2 mm for which a mean temporal error of 0.27 seconds was achieved. The clinical evaluation based on 20 datasets comparing the 4D visualization to DSA images revealed an excellent interrater reliability.Conclusion:The presented method enables an improved combined representation of blood flow and anatomy while reducing the time needed for clinical rating. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:443–453. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo NIRF Imaging of Tumor Targetability of Nanosized Liposomes in Tumor‐Bearing Mice
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Lee Seung‐Young , Park Sangjin , Ryu Ju Hee , Na Jin Hee , Koo Heebeom , Lee Kyung Eun , Jeon Hyesung , Kwon Ick Chan , Kim Kwangmeyung , Jeong Seo Young 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTo optimize tumor targetability of nanosized liposomes for application as drug carriers, various liposomes are prepared by incorporating different amounts (10, 30, and 50 wt%) of cationic, anionic, and PEGylated lipids into neutral lipid. In vivo near‐infrared fluorescence images reveal that PEG‐PE/PC liposomes display high tumor accumulation in tumor‐bearing mice, while large amounts of DOTAP/PC liposomes are rapidly captured in the liver, resulting in poor tumor accumulation. These results demonstrate that optimization of the surface properties of liposomes is very important for their tumor targetability, and that in vivo imaging techniques are useful in developing and optimizing nanosized liposome‐based drug carriers. magnified image
Amino‐Functionalized Cellulose Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization, and Interactions with Living Cells
Authors: Nikolajski Melanie , Wotschadlo Jana , Clement Joachim H. , Heinze Thomas 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSpherical nanoparticles with sizes from 80 to 200 nm are obtained by self‐assembly of highly functionalized 6‐deoxy‐6‐(ω‐aminoalkyl)aminocellulosecarbamates. The particles are very stable, nontoxic, and possess primary amino groups that are accessible to further modifications in aqueous suspension. The particles can be labeled with rhodamine B isothiocyanate without changing their size, stability, and shape. The nanoparticles obtained are investigated by means of photo correlation spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements, SEM and fluorescence spectroscopy. Incorporation of the nanoparticles in human foreskin fibroblasts BJ‐1‐htert and breast carcinoma MCF‐7 cells without any transfection reagent is proved by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy. magnified image
On Vaught’s Conjecture and finitely valued MV algebras
Authors: Nola Antonio Di , Lenzi Giacomo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe show that the complete first order theory of an MV algebra has \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$2^{\aleph _0}$\end{document} countable models unless the MV algebra is finitely valued. So, Vaught's Conjecture holds for all MV algebras except, possibly, for finitely valued ones. Additionally, we show that the complete theories of finitely valued MV algebras are \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$2^{\aleph _0}$\end{document} and that all ω‐categorical complete theories of MV algebras are finitely axiomatizable and decidable. As a final result we prove that the free algebra on countably many generators of any locally finite variety of MV algebras is ω‐categorical.
Free‐decomposability in varieties of semi‐Heyting algebras
Authors: Abad Manuel , Cornejo Juan Manuel , Varela Patricio Díaz 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this paper we prove that the free algebras in a subvariety \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathcal V$\end{document} of the variety \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathcal {SH}$\end{document} of semi‐Heyting algebras are directly decomposable if and only if \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathcal V$\end{document} satisfies the Stone identity.
Mesh independent analysis of shell‐like structures
Authors: Kumar Ashok V. , Periyasamy Premdheepak S. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYMesh independent analysis is motivated by the desire to use accurate geometric models represented as equations rather than approximated by a mesh. The trial and test functions are approximated or interpolated on a background mesh that is independent of the geometry. This background mesh is easy to generate because it does not have to conform to the geometry. Essential boundary conditions can be applied using the implicit boundary method where the trial and test functions are constructed utilizing approximate step functions such that the boundary conditions are guaranteed to be satisfied. This approach has been demonstrated for two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) structural analysis and is extended in this paper to model shell‐like structures. The background mesh consists of 3D elements that use uniform B‐spline approximations, and the shell geometry is assumed to be defined as parametric surfaces to allow arbitrarily complex shell‐like structures to be modeled. Several benchmark problems are used to study the validity of these 3D B‐spline shell elements. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discrimination of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes using a multiplexed, mass spectrometry‐based assay for serum apolipoproteins coupled to multi‐marker ROC algorithm
Authors: Lopez Mary F. , Sarracino David A. , Prakash Amol , Athanas Michael , Krastins Bryan , Rezai Taha , Sutton Jennifer N. , Peterman Scott , Gvozdyak Oksana , Chou Sherry , Lo Eng , Buonanno Ferdinand , Ning MingMing 
Published: April 2012

PurposeTypically, apolipoproteins are individually measured in blood by immunoassay. In this report, we describe the development of a multiplexed selected reaction monitoring (SRM) based assay for a panel of apolipoproteins and its application to a clinical cohort of samples derived from acute stroke patients.Experimental DesignAn SRM assay for a panel of nine apolipoproteins was developed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Quantitative data for each apolipoprotein were analyzed to determine expression ratio and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) values for ischemic versus hemorrhagic stroke.ResultsThe optimized SRM assay was used to interrogate a small cohort of well‐characterized plasma samples obtained from patients with acute ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. The ROC analyses demonstrated good classification power for several single apolipoproteins, most notably apoC‐III and apoC‐I. When a novel multi‐marker ROC algorithm was applied, the ischemic versus hemorrhagic groups were best differentiated by a combination of apoC‐III and apoA‐I with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.92.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis proof‐of‐concept study provides interesting and provocative data for distinguishing ischemic versus hemorrhage within first week of symptom onset. However, the observations are based on one cohort of patient samples and further confirmation will be required.
Establishment of an Endangered species on a private nature refuge: what can we learn from reintroductions of the bridled nailtail wallaby Onychogalea fraenata?
Authors: Kingsley Lisa , Goldizen Anne , Fisher Diana O. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTranslocation and reintroduction are used to reduce extinction risk associated with a small population and range size in threatened mammal species. We evaluated the outcome of a reintroduction of the bridled nailtail wallaby Onychogalea fraenata to Avocet Nature Refuge, a private refuge in central Queensland, Australia. This macropod was also reintroduced to Idalia National Park in western Queensland in 1996 and occurs in one natural population in central Queensland. We estimated population growth, adult and juvenile survival, and distribution changes since the last release of O. fraenata to Avocet in 2005, and evaluated female reproductive success and health. Although animals were in good condition, population size was a tenth of that of the 1996 Idalia reintroduction reported after 3 years and, unlike at Idalia, juvenile survival at Avocet was low. The likely causes are consistent with predictors of translocation and reintroduction failures in mammals. These are predation, the small number of individuals in each release, the likely suboptimal health status of reintroduced individuals, drought, and possibly lack of dispersal from the small area of preferred habitat. The lessons of this reintroduction are that future attempts are likely to have the best chance of success if they occur in non-drought years, at sites with large, non-fragmented areas of brigalow forest, involve the release of large groups of animals together, and are accompanied by intensive, long-term baiting to control introduced predators.
INFINITUDE OF ELLIPTIC CARMICHAEL NUMBERS
Authors: EKSTROM AARON , POMERANCE CARL , THAKUR DINESH S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn 1987, Gordon gave an integer primality condition similar to the familiar test based on Fermat’s little theorem, but based instead on the arithmetic of elliptic curves with complex multiplication. We prove the existence of infinitely many composite numbers simultaneously passing all elliptic curve primality tests assuming a weak form of a standard conjecture on the bound on the least prime in (special) arithmetic progressions. Our results are somewhat more general than both the 1999 dissertation of the first author (written under the direction of the third author) and a 2010 paper on Carmichael numbers in a residue class written by Banks and the second author.
A Transformation-based implementation for CLP with qualification and proximity
Authors: CABALLERO R. , RODRÍGUEZ-ARTALEJO M. , ROMERO-DÍAZ C. A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractUncertainty in logic programming has been widely investigated in the last decades, leading to multiple extensions of the classical logic programming paradigm. However, few of these are designed as extensions of the well-established and powerful Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) scheme for CLP. In a previous work we have proposed the proximity-based qualified constraint logic programming (SQCLP) scheme as a quite expressive extension of CLP with support for qualification values and proximity relations as generalizations of uncertainty values and similarity relations, respectively. In this paper we provide a transformation technique for transforming SQCLP programs and goals into semantically equivalent CLP programs and goals, and a practical Prolog-based implementation of some particularly useful instances of the SQCLP scheme. We also illustrate, by showing some simple – and working – examples, how the prototype can be effectively used as a tool for solving problems where qualification values and proximity relations play a key role. Intended use of SQCLP includes flexible information retrieval applications.
High pyroelectricity in lead-free 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 ceramics
Authors: Yao Shanshan , Ren Wei , Ji Hongfen , Wu Xiaoqing , Shi Peng , Xue Dezhen , Ren Xiaobing , Ye Zuo-Guang 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
We report high pyroelectricity in lead-free 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BZT–50BCT) ceramics which were previously reported to exhibit high piezoelectricity. The pyroelectric coefficient measured by the Byer–Roundy method upon heating for dc-poled samples shows a high value of 5.84 × 10−4 C m−2 K−1 at 300 K, comparable to those of PZT-based ceramics and significantly higher than many other lead-free pyroelectric materials. The pyroelectric coefficient calculated from the remanent polarization versus temperature relationship obtained during a cooling process is 17.17 × 10−4 C m−2 K−1 at 300 K, which is considerably larger than the value obtained by the Byer–Roundy method. This difference is attributed to the thermal hysteresis of the rhombohedral–tetragonal phase transition between the heating and cooling processes.
Anti-CD3ϵ induces splenic B220
lo
B-cell expansion following anti-CD20 treatment in a mouse model of allosensitization
Authors: Todo Tsuyoshi , Wu Gordon , Chai Ning-ning , He Yao , Martins Gislaine , Gupta Ankur , Fair Jeffrey , Liu Nai-you , Jordan Stanley , Klein Andrew 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Antibodies targeting T cells and B cells are increasingly used for immunosuppression in clinical transplantation. However, the impact of T-cell depletion by antibodies on B-cell homeostasis is poorly understood. Using a mouse model of allosensitization with skin allograft, we investigated whether targeting T cells by anti-CD3ϵ alters peripheral B-cell homeostasis and alloantibody responses following B-cell depletion by anti-CD20. We found that anti-CD3ϵ induced a discrete B220 lo , but not a conventional B220 hi subset, in the spleens of the allosensitized mice 14 days after anti-CD20 treatment. The splenic B220 lo cells were refractory to anti-CD20 depletion. Flow cytometry revealed that the splenic B220 lo cells were phenotypically similar to the B220 lo AA4.1 + CD23 − sIgM lo sIgD − developing B cells (pre-B to immature B) normally presented in the bone marrow. Despite the presence of the splenic B220 lo cells, mice treated with combined anti-CD3ϵ/CD20 produced limited alloantibodies in response to the primary skin allografts. Alloantibody production increased significantly in the mice following re-immunization by donor-specific splenocytes. We conclude that anti-CD3ϵ can induce an expansion of B220 lo B cells in the spleens after B-cell depletion by anti-CD20. These B cells are not producing alloantibodies, but re-immunization of the mice with alloantigen leads to risk of alloantibody response.
First Report of Tuber Rot Disease of Kala Zeera Caused by a Member of the Fusarium solani Species Complex in India
Authors: Gupta V. , John D. , Razdan V. K. , Gupta S. K. 
Published: April 2012

Bunium persicum (Kala zeera, also black cumin) is an economically important culinary crop that is cultivated for its seed pods and its tuberlike roots. In India, high-altitude regions of Himachal Pradesh, including the Padder valley and the Gurez area of Jammu and Kashmir, are areas of kalazeera production (3). In 2008 to 2009, tuber rot disease of kala zeera was observed during the late spring season in the Padder valley. Symptomatic plants were distributed in localized areas in the field and the symptoms included drying of foliage and rotting of tubers. White mycelia were found on the tubers at the late stages of disease development. Incidence of infection in the surveyed area was 80 to 90%. Yield losses were 50 to 60%. To isolate the causal pathogen, we cultured tissues from symptomatic tubers. Small bits of the infected tissue were surface disinfested in 0.1% mercuric chloride, followed by rinsing three times in sterile distilled water. The surface disinfested tissues were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 27°C for 4 days. Pure cultures of the mycelium from the diseased tissues were transferred to a second set of PDA for species identification. The fungus produced three types of spores: small, one-celled, oval microconidia; large, slightly curved, septate macroconidia; and rounded, thick-walled chlamydospores. Microconidia were mostly non-septate and 8.91 to 15.73 × 2.3 to 3.5 μm, whereas macroconidia were three- to five-septate and were 35.55 to 54.74 × 3.91 to 6.5 μm. On the basis of morphological characteristics (1), the fungus was identified and deposited as a member of the Fusarium solani species complex in the Indian Type Culture Collection, New Delhi (ID No. 8422.11). To confirm pathogenicity, healthy tubers were submerged for 20 min in a conidial suspension of the isolated fungus (1 × 105 cfu/ml), which was prepared in potato dextrose broth, incubated for 10 days at 27°C, and centrifuged at 140 rpm. Noninoculated controls were submerged in distilled water. Inoculated and control tubers were then planted in separate pots filled with sterilized soil and kept in a shade house. Symptoms appeared on inoculated tubers 9 to 10 days after planting. Signs of the pathogen in the form of mycelia were present. The tubers rotted and died 12 to 15 days after inoculation. Control tubers did not display any symptoms. F. solani species complex was reisolated from inoculated tubers, fulfilling Koch's postulates. F. solani has been reported to cause corm rot on gladiolus and saffron (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the F. solani species complex as pathogenic to tubers of kalazeera in India. References: (1) C. Booth. The Genus Fusarium. 47, 1971. (2) L. Z. Chen et al. J. Shanghai Agric. College 12:240, 1994. (3) K. S. Panwar et al. Agriculture Situation in India. 48:151, 1993.
Effect of Elevated CO2 and Temperature on Nitrogen Dynamics and Microbial Activity During Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Growth on a Subtropical Inceptisol in India
Authors: Rakshit R. , Patra A. K. , Pal D. , ‐Kumar M. , Singh R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractUsing phytotron growth chambers, a short‐term pot experiment under non‐limiting water condition was conducted to investigate the individual and interactive effects of elevated carbon dioxide (650 ± 10 μmol mol−1 vs. ambient), temperature (3 °C above ambient vs. ambient) and different levels of urea–N (control, 100 % N and 200 % N of recommended dose) on growth and yields of wheat crop and changes in potential nitrogen mineralization (PNM), nitrification and denitrification activities, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and nitrifying and denitrifying organisms in a semiarid Inceptisol. The plant parameters (root, shoot and grain) responded positively (10–23 %) to elevated CO2 and negatively (−17 to −38 %) to higher temperature. Interactive effect of elevated CO2 and temperature caused a negligible impact on root, shoot (≈−5 %) and grain yields of wheat. Soil –N content was not affected, but –N was reduced significantly. Nitrate reductase activity was decreased by 14–20 % at elevated CO2. There was positive effect of elevated temperature on PNM (+9–16 %), whereas negative effects were observed for potential nitrification activity (PNA), MBC, MBN and DOC. Elevation of atmospheric CO2 or temperature did not affect the population of ammonia (AOB) and nitrite oxidizers (NOB), but elevation of CO2 has decreased the population of denitrifiers by 4–14 %.