bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pupillary unrest correlates with arousal symptoms and motor signs in Parkinson disease
Authors: Jain Samay , Siegle Greg J. , Gu Chen , Moore Charity G. , Ivanco Larry S. , Studenski Stephanie , Greenamyre J. Timothy , Steinhauer Stuart R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:Arousal symptoms (e.g., sleepiness) are common in Parkinson's disease, and pupillary unrest (spontaneous changes in pupil diameter) is positively associated with sleepiness. We explored pupillary unrest in Parkinson's disease.Methods:Arousal symptoms (Epworth sleepiness scale and sleep/fatigue domain of the nonmotor symptoms scale for Parkinson's disease) and pupillary unrest were assessed in 31 participants (14 patients with Parkinson's disease, 17 controls). Effect sizes and t tests compared patients with Parkinson's disease with control participants. Correlation coefficients were calculated among arousal symptoms, pupillary unrest, and Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part III. Linear regression was performed with arousal symptoms or pupillary unrest as outcome.Results:Participants with Parkinson's disease reported more arousal symptoms than controls. Pupillary unrest, arousal symptoms, and Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part III were positively correlated. The association between nonmotor symptoms scale–sleep score and pupillary unrest was higher in participants with Parkinson's disease than controls and higher in those with more Parkinsonian motor signs. Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part III was positively associated with pupillary unrest.Conclusions:Pupillary unrest correlates with motor and nonmotor features associated with Lewy‐related pathology, suggesting it may be a nonmotor marker of progression in Parkinson's disease. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Increased cortical hyperexcitability and exaggerated myoclonus with aging in benign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy
Authors: Hitomi Takefumi , Ikeda Akio , Kondo Takayuki , Imamura Hisaji , Inouchi Morito , Matsumoto Riki , Terada Kiyohito , Kanda Masutaro , Matsuhashi Masao , Nagamine Takashi , Shibasaki Hiroshi , Takahashi Ryosuke 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe clinical implications of enlarged early cortical components of somatosensory evoked potentials in benign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy remain unknown. Somatosensory evoked potentials following electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist were studied in 16 patients with a clinical diagnosis of benign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy (7 men and 9 women; mean age, 51 ± 18 years) and 19 age‐matched apparently healthy control subjects (11 men and 8 women; mean age, 49 ± 18 years). Giant somatosensory evoked potentials were observed in 13 of the 16 patients. P25 and N35 amplitudes in the patient group were 11.4 ± 6.1 and 19.2 ± 11.5 μV, respectively, and both were significantly larger compared with those in control subjects (P = 0.008 for P25 and P < 0.0001 for N35). There was a significant positive relationship between age at somatosensory evoked potential examination and N20, P25, and N35 amplitudes, both in the patient and in the control groups (P < 0.05). The linear regression gradient of the N35 amplitude with respect to age was significantly larger in the patient group than in the control group (P = 0.04). Furthermore, regression analysis showed a significant positive relationship between the myoclonus rating scale and age at time of somatosensory evoked potential examination (R = 0.645, P = 0.007). Somatosensory evoked potential amplitude increased with age in patients with benign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy to a greater extent than in the control subjects, which suggests a progressive increase in cortical excitability based on progressive pathophysiology in benign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Abnormal functional connectivity in focal hand dystonia: Mutual information analysis in EEG
Authors: Jin Seung‐Hyun , Lin Peter , Auh Sungyoung , Hallett Mark 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate functional connectivity in focal hand dystonia patients to understand the pathophysiology underlying their abnormality in movement. We recorded EEGs from 58 electrodes in 15 focal hand dystonia patients and 15 healthy volunteers during rest and a simple finger‐tapping task that did not induce any dystonic symptoms. We investigated mutual information, which provides a quantitative measure of linear and nonlinear coupling, in the alpha, beta, and gamma bands. Mean mutual information of all 58 channels and mean of the channels of interest representative of regional functional connectivity over sensorimotor areas (C3, CP3, C4, CP4, FCz, and Cz) were evaluated. For both groups, we found enhanced mutual information during the task compared with the rest condition, specifically in the beta and gamma bands for mean mutual information of all channels, and in all bands for mean mutual information of channels of interest. Comparing the focal hand dystonia patients with the healthy volunteers for both rest and task, there was reduced mutual information in the beta band for both mean mutual information of all channels and mean mutual information of channels of interest. Regarding the properties of the connectivity in the beta band, we found that the majority of the mutual information differences were from linear connectivity. The abnormal beta‐band functional connectivity in focal hand dystonia patients suggests deficient brain connectivity. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Temporal extension of meteorological records for hydrological modelling of Lake Chad Basin (Africa) using satellite rainfall data and reanalysis datasets
Authors: Bastola Satish , François Delclaux 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe inability to estimate reliable meteorological data for the hydrological modelling of the Lake Chad Basin (LCB) over the present decade hinders the use and evaluation of a wide range of hydrological information that can be extracted from satellite altimetry, gravitometry, and imagery. This is mainly due to the sparse distribution of gauging stations and difficulty in data assessment. Therefore, two key chronological records of rainfall and potential evapotranspiration (PET) were constructed for flow simulation modelling in the LCB. Rainfall estimates were extracted from two satellite‐based precipitation products for the period 1998–2007 and combined with available chronological rainfall data. Similarly, PET records were derived over the period 1948–2007 using the meteorological variables extracted from reanalysis datasets, and the Hargreaves method. Subsequently, they were evaluated, first by pairwise comparison against available gridded datasets, and second by analyzing the error propagated through a distributed hydrological model.The satellite products strongly agree with the rain gauges. Compared to gridded rainfall estimates from the Climate Research Unit (CRU), satellite products tend to underestimate the values in the southern and eastern mountainous regions of the LCB and overestimate them within the central part of the LCB. Furthermore, flows simulated using the satellite products are in closer agreement with observed discharges than those modelled using CRU data. Concerning PET, the estimates from the Hargreaves method were compared with two gridded PET datasets: Penman PET data derived using climate data of the CRU, and climatological PET data from the Food and Agriculture Organization. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Erratum: Multi‐pH QSAR: A Method to Differentiate the Activity of Neutral and Ionized Species and Obtain True Correlations when Both Species are Involved
Authors: Scherrer Robert A. , Leo Albert J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) by n‐alkylamines was incorrectly analyzed because datasets containing both pH adjusted and unadjusted rate constants were combined. The correct analysis supports the findings of the original McEwen paper that inhibition is due to the neutral species and a hydrophobic binding site is evident for chain lengths greater than C4. Contrary to our original paper, no significant role was found for the protonated amine.
Packet‐level open‐digest fingerprinting for spam detection on middleboxes
Authors: Marsono Muhammad N. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a stateless open‐digest spam fingerprinting at the packet level (layer 3) based on an open‐digest fingerprinting algorithm Nilsimsa. Spam emails show several characteristics when viewed at gateway level, which are suitable for spam fingerprinting: (a) content invariance and (b) recipient address dispersion. In this paper, Nilsimsa is adapted to support both fingerprinting and fast email class estimation, on a per‐packet basis. Email packets are incrementally fingerprinted on a per‐packet basis, without the need for reassembly. Spam detection status is tagged to the last packet of each email. This in turn allows fast email class estimation (spam detection) at receiving email servers to support more effective spam handling on both inbound and outbound (relayed) emails. The work presented in this paper focuses on evaluating the accuracy of spam fingerprinting at the packet level with consideration on the constraints of processing byte streams over the network, including packet reordering, fragmentation, overlapped bytes, different packet sizes, and possibilities of random addition attacks. Results show that the proposed packet‐level fingerprinting can detect spam with 100% random addition when the similarity threshold is set to between 36 and 59. This method gives 0% false positive and 100% true negative, which equals the performance attained for spam fingerprinting at full email abstraction (layer 7). This shows that classifying emails at the packet level can differentiate non‐spam from spam with high confidence for a viable spam control implementation on middleboxes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric Plasma Processing of Polymers in Helium‐Water Vapor Dielectric Barrier Discharges
Authors: Rodriguez‐Santiago Victor , Bujanda Andres A. , Stein Benjamin E. , Pappas Daphne D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this study, the surfaces of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films were treated with a helium‐water vapor plasma at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Surface changes related to hydrophilicity, chemical funtionalization, surface energy, and adhesive strength after plasma treatment were investigated using water contact angle (WCA) measurements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and mechanical T‐peel tests. Results indicate increased surface energy accompanied with enhanced hydrophilicity. WCA decreased by 36, 50, and 16% for UHMWPE, PET, and PTFE, respectively, after only 0.4 s treatment. For UHMWPE, it is shown that the surface functionalization can be tailored depending on the plasma exposure time. Aging studies performed for these three polymers show the stability of the surface groups as indicated by a small increase in WCA values of plasma treated samples which can be attributed to cross‐linking of surface and subsurface polymer chains. XPS analysis of the surfaces show increased oxygen content via the formation of polar, hydroxyl‐based functional groups. Furthermore, major changes in the polymer structure of PET are observed, possibly due to the opening of the aromatic rings caused by the plasma energetic species. T‐peel test results show an 8, 7.5, and 400‐fold increase in peel strength for UHMWPE, PET, and PTFE, respectively. Most importantly, it is shown that water‐vapor based plasmas can be a promising, “green,” inexpensive route to promote the surface activation of polymers. magnified image
On‐tissue identification of insulin: In situ reduction coupled with mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Green‐Mitchell Shamina M. , Cazares Lisa H. , Semmes O. John , Nadler Jerry L. , Nyalwidhe Julius O. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to use on‐tissue reduction followed by MALDI‐MS imaging (MSI) to identify an m/z 5812.85 peak, which is over‐expressed in healthy human pancreatic tissue compared with type one Diabetes (T1D) tissue.Experimental design: A major constraint of MALDI‐MSI is identification of compounds with m/z ≥4000. On‐tissue reduction using tris (2‐carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP) breaks the inter‐domain disulphide bonds generating low‐molecular‐weight peptides amenable to direct MS/MS analysis. Pancreatic tissues from healthy (n=4) and diabetic subjects (n=4) were profiled by MALDI‐MSI with/without reduction.Results: On‐tissue reduction resulted in the loss of the over‐expressed 5812.85 m/z peak and the simultaneous appearance of a 3430.664 m/z peak in healthy tissues. The latter peak presumably derived from the 5812.85 m/z peak was identified as the insulin B chain by MS/MS. MALDI‐MSI images show that both the 5812.85 insulin peak before reduction and the 3430.664 peak after reduction co‐localized with the healthy pancreatic islets.Conclusion and clinical relevance: On‐tissue reduction followed by MALDI‐MSI resulted in the identification of insulin and localization of pancreatic islets of langerhans. The approach will be useful in the future identification of novel therapeutic molecular targets to β‐cells lost during type one diabetes.
Lepton mixing induced by flavour symmetry and Leptogenesis constraints
Authors: de Medeiros Varzielas I. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFlavour models may display a relation between the CP‐violating asymmetry for leptogenesis and low‐energy parameters. If the flavour symmetry produces an exact mass independent lepton mixing scheme at leading order (with type I see‐saw) the CP‐violating asymmetry would vanish in the absence of corrections. We present a model displaying the link between deviations from the mixing scheme and leptogenesis.
De Sitter hunting in a classical landscape
Authors: Danielsson U.H. , Haque S.S. , Koerber P. , Shiu G. , Van Riet T. , Wrase T. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe elaborate on the construction of de Sitter solutions from IIA orientifolds of SU(3)‐structure manifolds that solve the 10‐dimensional equations of motion at tree‐level in the approximation of smeared sources. First we classify geometries that are orbifolds of a group manifold covering space which, upon the proper inclusion of O6 planes, can be described within the framework of 𝒩 = 1 supergravity in 4D. Then we scan systematically for de Sitter solutions, obtained as critical points of an effective 4D potential. Apart from finding many new solutions we emphasize the challenges in constructing explicit classical de Sitter vacua, which have sofar not been met. These challenges are interesting avenues for further research and include finding solutions that are perturbatively stable, satisfy charge and flux quantization, and have genuine localized (versus smeared) orientifold sources. This paper intends to be self‐contained and pedagogical, and thus can serve as a guide to the necessary technical tools required for this line of research. In an appendix we explain how to study flux and charge quantization in the presence of a non‐trivial H‐field using twisted homology.
In silico predictions of LH2 ring sizes from the crystal structure of a single subunit using molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Janosi Lorant , Keer Harindar , Cogdell Richard J. , Ritz Thorsten , Kosztin Ioan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMost of the currently known light‐harvesting complexes 2 (LH2) rings are formed by 8 or 9 subunits. As of now, questions like “what factors govern the LH2 ring size?” and “are there other ring sizes possible?” remain largely unanswered. Here, we investigate by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and stochastic modeling the possibility of predicting the size of an LH2 ring from the sole knowledge of the high resolution crystal structure of a single subunit. Starting with single subunits of two LH2 rings with known size, that is, an 8‐ring from Rs. moliscianum (MOLI) and a 9‐ring from Rps. acidophila (ACI), and one with unknown size (referred to as X), we build atomic models of subunit dimers corresponding to assumed 8‐, 9‐, and 10‐ring geometries. After inserting each of the dimers into a lipid‐water environment, we determine the preferred angle between the corresponding subunits by three methods: (1) energy minimization, (2) free MD simulations, and (3) potential of mean force calculations. We find that the results from all three methods are consistent with each other, and when taken together, it allows one to predict with reasonable level of confidence the sizes of the corresponding ring structures. One finds that X and ACI very likely form a 9‐ring, while MOLI is more likely to form an 8‐ring than a 9‐ring. Finally, we discuss both the merits and limitations of all three prediction methods. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Corrosion inhibition of ammonium molybdate for AA6061 alloy in NaCl solution and its synergistic effect with calcium gluconate
Authors: Zhang Da Quan , Jin Xing , Xie Bin , Goun Joo Hyung , Gao Li Xin , Lee Kang Yong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe corrosion inhibition of ammonium heltamolybdate (AH) and calcium gluconate (CG) for AA6061 alloy in 3% NaCl solution was investigated by the electrochemical measurements. It indicates that AH inhibits the corrosion of AA6061 alloy and acts as an anodic inhibitor. Maximum inhibition efficiency reaches 74.3% at the concentration of 1 × 10−4 mol.l−1 AH. The results of the electrochemical studies reveal AH is physically adsorbed on the AA6061 alloy surface and the adsorption follows Langmuir isotherm. The combination of AH and CG enhances the inhibition efficiency to 95.9%. The enhanced inhibition is attributed to the promotion of AH adsorption by CG. The mixture of AH and CG is a mixed‐type inhibitor and renders the corrosion potential to more positive values. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Macroscopic Carbon Nanotube Assemblies: Preparation, Properties, and Potential Applications
Authors: Liu Luqi , Ma Wenjun , Zhang Zhong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAs classical 1D nanoscale structures, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess remarkable mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties. In the past several years, considerable attention has been paid to the use of CNTs as building blocks for novel high‐performance materials. In this way, the production of macroscopic architectures based on assembled CNTs with controlled orientation and configurations is an important step towards their application. So far, various forms of macroscale CNT assemblies have been produced, such as 1D CNT fibers, 2D CNT films/sheets, and 3D aligned CNT arrays or foams. These macroarchitectures, depending on the manner in which they are assembled, display a variety of fascinating features that cannot be achieved using conventional materials. This review provides an overview of various macroscopic CNT assemblies, with a focus on their preparation and mechanical properties as well as their potential applications in practical fields.
Thin‐Film‐Based Nanoarchitectures for Soft Matter: Controlled Assemblies into Two‐Dimensional Worlds
Authors: Sakakibara Keita , Hill Jonathan P. , Ariga Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2011

AbstractControlling the organization of molecular building blocks at the nanometer level is of utmost importance, not only from the viewpoint of scientific curiosity, but also for the development of next‐generation organic devices with electrical, optical, chemical, or biological functions. Self‐assembly offers great potential for the manufacture of nanoarchitectures (nanostructures and nanopatterns) over large areas by using low‐energy and inexpensive spontaneous processes. However, self‐assembled structures in 3D media, such as solutions or solids, are not easily incorporated into current device‐oriented nanotechnology. The scope of this review is therefore to introduce the expanding methodology for the construction of thin‐film‐based nanoarchitectures on solid surfaces and to try to address a general concept with emphasis on the availability of dynamic interfaces for the creation and manipulation of nanoarchitectures. In this review, the strategies for the construction of nanostructures, the control and manipulation of nanopatterns, and the application of nanoarchitectures are described; the construction strategies are categorized into three classes: i) π‐conjugated molecular assembly in two dimensions, ii) bio‐directed molecular assembly on surfaces, and iii) recent thin‐film preparation technologies.
Nanoscaled Surface Patterning of Conducting Polymers
Authors: Jiang Lin , Wang Xing , Chi Lifeng 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn continuing the steady development of integrated‐circuit‐related fabrication, the ability to pattern conducting polymers into smaller and smaller sizes in order to realize devices with enhanced performance or even wholly new properties begins to take a more prominent role in their advanced applications. This review summarizes the recent advances in top‐down and bottom‐up patterning of conducting polymers on surfaces with different approaches including direct writing, in‐situ synthesis or assembly, etching, and nanoscratching. All of the latest emerging strategies have the potential to go beyond the current state of the art towards real progress in terms of high‐precision positioning, high resolution, high throughout, higher stability, facile processing, and lower‐cost production.
Superamphiphiles as Building Blocks for Supramolecular Engineering: Towards Functional Materials and Surfaces
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Xi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSuperamphiphiles refer to amphiphiles that are constructed on the basis of noncovalent interactions or dynamic covalent bonds. Superamphiphiles are a new kind of building block for well‐defined nanostructured soft materials. This article summarizes different ways to fabricate superamphiphiles, including low‐molecular‐weight and polymeric superamphiphiles. In addition, the noncovalent nature of superamphiphiles facilitates the incorporation of functional groups, thus opening a new avenue for supramolecular engineering of functional soft materials.
Reprogramming of Postnatal Neurons into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Defined Factors
Authors: Kim Jongpil , Lengner Christopher J. , Kirak Oktay , Hanna Jacob , Cassady John P. , Lodato Michael A. , Wu Su , Faddah Dina A. , Steine Eveline J. , Gao Qing , Fu Dongdong , Dawlaty Meelad , Jaenisch Rudolf 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Pluripotent cells can be derived from different types of somatic cells by nuclear reprogramming through the ectopic expression of four transcription factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. However, it is unclear whether postmitotic neurons are susceptible to direct reprogramming. Here, we show that postnatal cortical neurons, the vast majority of which are postmitotic, are amenable to epigenetic reprogramming. However, ectopic expression of the four canonical reprogramming factors is not sufficient to reprogram postnatal neurons. Efficient reprogramming was only achieved after forced cell proliferation by p53 suppression. Additionally, overexpression of repressor element-1 silencing transcription, a suppressor of neuronal gene activity, increased reprogramming efficiencies in combination with the reprogramming factors. Our findings indicate that terminally differentiated postnatal neurons are able to acquire the pluripotent state by direct epigenetic reprogramming, and this process is made more efficient through the suppression of lineage specific gene expression.