bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different doses of nitrogen and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on the productive characteristics of maize
Authors: López Avalos Derlys Fernando , Valdez Ocampo Florencio David , Ledesma Bogarin Néstor Fabián , Morel López Eulalio , Lugo Pereira Wilfrido Daniel , Caballero Casuriaga Oscar Luis , Da Silva Oviedo Modesto Osmar , Servín Niz Amilcar Isidro , Sánchez Jara Raul 
Published: May 2024

This study assessed the effects of different nitrogen doses on maize crops, with and without the inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was carried out during the 2020/2021 harvest season in the administrative department of Concepción, district of Horqueta, Paraguay, at the coordinates of 23°14'31.7" S and 56°53'05.9" W. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) arranged in a factorial design (4 X 2). Factor A included nitrogen doses (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1), while factor B corresponded to the bacterial inoculation (with and without A. brasilense). The experiment was performed in three replications; each experimental unit (EU) was 22.5 m2. The study evaluated the following characteristics: plant height, cob insertion height, cob length and diameter, weight of 1000 kernels, and kernel yield. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the averages were compared using Tukey's test at a 5% probability of error. Regression analysis was also carried out during the study. The experiment results demonstrated that increased nitrogen levels positively affected the measured characteristics, fitting a quadratic model, except for cob insertion height. Inoculation with A. brasilense significantly increased corn growth and productivity. The interaction of both factors produced a significant increase in cob length. Based on the experiment results, applying 104.30 kg ha-1 of N in combination with A. brasilense inoculation is recommended for improved maize production.
Niedopasowanie statusowe kobiet i mężczyzn jako czynnik hamujący dzietność
Authors: Przybył Iwona 
Published: May 2024

Niska dzietność jest coraz większym problemem w społeczeństwie polskim. Dotychczasowe analizy makro- i mikrospołecznych uwarunkowań reprodukcji biologicznej wyjaśniają przyczyny spadającej dzietności, ale nie odnoszą się do reguł zawiązywania stabilnego związku, fundamentalnych procesów leżących u podstaw planowania prokreacji i tym samym nie wystarczają, aby wyjaśnić, dlaczego rodzi się tak mało dzieci. Artykuł daje odpowiedź na pytanie, dlaczego próby budowania stabilnej relacji intymnej napotykają bariery z powodu kulturowych reguł selekcji i prawidłowości zawiązywania znajomości, co przeszkadza w odpowiednim dopasowaniu partnerów, a tym samym w realizacji zamiaru bycia rodzicem przez kobiety i mężczyzn. Zaprezentowana analiza wzbogaca wiedzę na temat niedopasowania statusowego we współczesnych kontekstach i zapewnia uzupełnienie opisu czynników hamujących dzietność.
Gambaran Kesejahteraan Subjektif Remaja Dengan Orang Tua Bercerai (Studi Deskriptif Di Wilayah Jakarta Timur)
Authors: Qothrunnada Nurmarifah 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei, bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kesejahteraan subjektif remaja dengan orang tua bercerai di wilayah Jakarta Timur. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 200 orang remaja berusia 15-18 tahun dengan latar belakang orang tua bercerai dan tinggal di wilayah Jakarta Timur, ditetapkan dengan teknik Purposive Sampling. Pengukuran kesejateraan subyektif menggunakan instrumen Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) dan Scale of Positive and Negative Experiences (SPANE). Data dianaliasis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dengan software SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, remaja dengan orang tua bercerai di wilayah Jakarta Timur, Sebagian besar memiliki kesejahteraan subjektif cenderung tinggi (63%, n = 125), dan 38% (n = 75) lainnya memiliki kesejahteraan subjektif cenderung rendah. Pada penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa kondisi tersebut dipengaruhi variabel lain seperti perbedaan jenis kelamin, usia, dengan siapa mereka tinggal pasca perceraian serta dukungan didapatkan dan lamanya peristiwa perceraian orang tuanya telah terjadi.
Variation in the Cost of Hip Arthroscopy for Labral Pathological Conditions
Authors: Dean Michael C. , Cherian Nathan J. , Beck da Silva Etges Ana Paula , Dowley Kieran S. , LaPorte Zachary L. , Torabian Kaveh A. , Eberlin Christopher T. , Best Matthew J. , Martin Scott D. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Despite growing interest in delivering high-value orthopaedic care, the costs associated with hip arthroscopy remain poorly understood. By employing time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC), we aimed to characterize the cost composition of hip arthroscopy for labral pathological conditions and to identify factors that drive variation in cost.

Methods:
Using TDABC, we measured the costs of 890 outpatient hip arthroscopy procedures for labral pathological conditions across 5 surgeons at 4 surgery centers from 2015 to 2022. All patients were ≥18 years old and were treated by surgeons who each performed ≥20 surgeries during the study period. Costs were normalized to protect the confidentiality of internal hospital cost data. Descriptive analyses and multivariable linear regression were performed to identify factors underlying cost variation.

Results:
The study sample consisted of 515 women (57.9%) and 375 men (42.1%), with a mean age (and standard deviation) of 37.1 ± 12.7 years. Most of the procedures were performed in patients who were White (90.6%) or not Hispanic (93.4%). The normalized total cost of hip arthroscopy per procedure ranged from 43.4 to 203.7 (mean, 100 ± 24.2). Of the 3 phases of the care cycle, the intraoperative phase was identified as the largest generator of cost (>90%). On average, supply costs accounted for 48.8% of total costs, whereas labor costs accounted for 51.2%. A 2.5-fold variation between the 10th and 90th percentiles for total cost was attributed to supplies, which was greater than the 1.8-fold variation attributed to labor. Variation in total costs was most effectively explained by the labral management method (partial R2 = 0.332), operating surgeon (partial R2 = 0.326), osteoplasty type (partial R2 = 0.087), and surgery center (partial R2 = 0.086). Male gender (p < 0.001) and younger age (p = 0.032) were also associated with significantly increased costs. Finally, data trends revealed a shift toward labral preservation techniques over debridement during the study period (with the rate of such techniques increasing from 77.8% to 93.2%; Ptrend = 0.0039) and a strong correlation between later operative year and increased supply costs, labor costs, and operative time (p < 0.001 for each).

Conclusions:
By applying TDABC to outpatient hip arthroscopy, we identified wide patient-to-patient cost variation that was most effectively explained by the method of labral management, the operating surgeon, the osteoplasty type, and the surgery center. Given current procedural coding trends, declining reimbursements, and rising health-care costs, these insights may enable stakeholders to design bundled payment structures that better align reimbursements with costs.

Level of Evidence:
Economic and Decision Analysis Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Threatened stick-nest rats preferentially eat invasive boxthorn rather than native vegetation on Australia’s Reevesby Island
Authors: Kraehe Annie Grace , Weisbecker Vera , Hill Robert , Hill Kathryn 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context: The threatened native rodent species Leporillus conditor (greater stick-nest rat) is extinct on the Australian mainland and now lives primarily on small islands off the coast of southern Australia. Many of these are degraded novel ecosystems invaded by African boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum), a weed of national significance. However, L. conditor does not appear to be negatively impacted by the presence of boxthorn, raising the question of how the two species co-exist.
Aims: To understand how L. conditor uses African boxthorn, we evaluated dietary composition of L. conditor on parts of Reevesby Island by comparing consumption of invasive boxthorn with that of native vegetation.
Methods: We identified three key vegetation types on the centre of the island and used point-intercept vegetation surveys to estimate relative availability of plant species in each. We then used micro-histological faecal analysis to estimate the proportions of each species in the diet of L. conditor, and quantified plant species selection using selection ratios (use/availability).
Key results: Qualitative evidence of L. conditor activity suggested it was mostly confined to vegetation with greater abundance of boxthorn than the other vegetation types (13.5%, compared to 5.7% total sampled vegetation). Furthermore, African boxthorn comprised of 51.7% of the faecal plant content and 11.8% of total sampled vegetation, resulting in a selection ration for boxthorn of 4.4. Native species that appeared to be favoured food sources of L. conditor included Olearia axillaris, Myoporum insulare and Enchylaena tomentosa.
Conclusions: Stick-nest rats of Revesby Island demonstrate a clear preference for African boxthorn, both in terms of diet (tested quantitatively) and nesting (from previous research and field observations).
Implications: The strong preference of stick-nest rats for a declared noxious weed as its main food source and persistence of stick-nest rats on Reevesby Island requires consideration with regards to vegetation management on all islands where L. conditor occurs. More broadly, it highlights that some elements of novel ecosystems may have unexpected positive impacts on parts of original ecosystems.
Mapping Phonon Polaritons with Visible Light
Authors: Tischler Joseph , Arledge Kiernan , Ellis Chase , Sarabi Nazli , Whiteside Vincent , Kim Chul , Kim Mijin , Ratchford Daniel , Meeker Michael , Weng Binbin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Phonon polaritons (PhPs) are hybrid photon-phonon waves which enable strong light-matter interactions and subdiffractional confinement, potentially empowering applications in sensing, nonlinear optics and nanoscale energy manipulation. In this work, we use confocal Raman microscopy to investigate the coupling between bulk phonon modes and localized surface phonon polariton (SPhP) modes in indium phosphide (InP) nanopillars and 4H-silicon carbide (4H-SiC) gratings. The Raman intensity within the nanostructures is described in terms of the SPhP eigenmodes and used to reconstruct the field intensity, providing a method to map SPhP eigenmodes using visible and near-IR light. Our results indicate that, contrary to expectation, all Raman-active bulk phonon modes of InP and 4H-SiC couple to the localized SPhP modes. Further, we confirm that polarizability selection rules form the predominant coupling mechanism between phonons and SPhP modes, with electron-phonon coupling playing a role for certain phonon modes (A1(LO) and E1(TO) in 4H-SiC). These observations provide a method for extending Raman studies of PhP modes to achieve full 3D reconstruction of the PhP eigenmodes and visualize light-matter interactions within nanostructures, thus advancing Raman scattering as a technique for understanding PhP modes.
Adrenocortical carcinoma with sarcomatoid pattern. Importance of differential diagnoses
Authors: Díaz Karla Gabriela , Martínez-Benítez Braulio , Lizardo-Thiebaud María José , Andrade-Rojas Juan José 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Adrenocortical carcinoma is an infrequent neoplastic variant, with variable symptoms and high aggressiveness in women. The case of a 29-year-old woman with oppressive epigastric pain and irradiation in a semi-belt with weight loss is presented. CT scan showed a right adrenal mass measuring 11.4 cm x 5.9 cm. The histological study showed focal areas of epithelium, with dilated ectatic vessels and the presence of spindle cells in a deer antler. Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for SF-1, p53, and CD34. Two cycles of chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide have been given, in addition to the use of mitotane as an adrenolytic. Due to their appearance, they are treated as adrenal carcinomas, thus limiting adequate clinical improvement. According to the literature, it is a carcinoma with an unfavorable prognosis.
A Critical Case of MPO-ANCA-Associated Vasculitis with an Initial Presentation of Fever of Unknown Origin
Authors: Teng Jeng-Hao , Wu Ping-Hsun , Chuang Cheng-Hao , Liang Peir-In , Chen Guan-Xuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a multisystem small vessel necrotising vasculitis which can present with various clinical manifestations. The disease is classically associated with perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) that target the antigen myeloperoxidase (MPO). Herein, we report the case of a 72-year-old male with microscopic polyangiitis who presented with a fever of unknown origin (FUO) 1 month before admission. The patient developed renal dysfunction, pulmonary oedema and respiratory distress attributed to endotracheal intubation and admission to the intensive care unit. The patient had elevated serum creatinine levels and was positive for MPO-ANCA, so a renal biopsy was performed. The pathological diagnosis was consistent with pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis and the patient was treated with pulse steroid and cyclophosphamide therapy in conjunction with plasma exchange. The patient was extubated in 7 days with a satisfactory urine output and stable serum creatinine. This article reports a case of MPA with a critical illness that initially presented as an FUO and was resolved quickly after treatment initiation.
Synthesis and salt resistance of non-ionic polymer P (AM/ APEG400/NVP/SM)
Authors: Tian Haiyang , Shi Yunfeng , Zhang Heng , Liu Jie , Li Lie , Tang Peng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The non-ionic hydrophobic associative copolymer AANS was synthesized by micellar polymerization using acrylamide (AM), allyl polyoxyethylene ether (APEG400), N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) and stearyl methacrylate (SM) as raw materials, 2, 2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (V50) as initiator, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant. The temperature resistance, salt resistance and rheological properties of the polymer were tested by viscometer and rheometer. The change of polymer microstructure in salt solution was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The viscosity test results showed that when the polymer concentration was higher than CAC, the polymer solution exhibited good salt resistance and presented good salt thickening performance. The effect of temperature on the salt resistance of polymer solution showed different rules. With the increase in temperature, the resistance of the polymer to NaCl decreased gradually, while the resistance of the polymer to CaCl2 increased first and then decreased. The resistance of the polymer to CaCl2 showed a special temperature response. Viscoelastic and shear tests showed that the polymer possessed more robust resistance to extreme sodium chloride concentration than extreme calcium chloride concentration. Electron microscopy analysis suggested that the microstructure of the polymer gradually became dense and compact in the salt solution. The results showed that this novel non-ionic hydrophobically associating polymer possessed potential application value in ultra-high salinity reservoirs.
Exploring implementation of intrapartum trial evidence: a qualitative study with clinicians and clinical academics
Authors: Cross-Sudworth Fiona , Dharni Nimarta , Kenyon Sara , Lilford Richard , Taylor Beck 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Implementing research evidence into clinical practice is challenging. This study aim was to explore implementation of two intrapartum trials with compelling findings: BUMPES (position in second stage of labour in nulliparous women with epidural), and RESPITE (remifentanil intravenous patient-controlled analgesia).
Methods: A qualitative interview study set in UK National Health Service Trusts and Universities. Purposively sampled investigators from RESPITE and BUMPES trials and clinicians providing intrapartum care: midwives, anaesthetists, and obstetricians, were recruited using existing networks and snowball sampling. Semi-structured virtual interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was underpinned by Capability Opportunity Motivation Behaviour Change Framework.
Results: Twenty-nine interview participants across 19 maternity units: 11 clinical academics, 10 midwives, 4 obstetricians, 4 anaesthetists. Most (25/29) were aware of one or both trials. BUMPES had been implemented in 4/19 units (one original trial site) and RESPITE in 3/19 units (two trial sites). Access to sufficient resources, training, exposure to interventions, support from leaders, and post-trial dissemination and implementation activities all facilitated uptake of interventions. Some clinicians were opposed to the intervention or disagreed with trial conclusions. However competing priorities in terms of staff time and a plethora of initiatives in maternity care, emerged as key barrier to implementation.
Conclusions: Compelling trial findings were not implemented widely, and numerous barriers and facilitators were identified. Large-scale improvement programmes and evidence-based national guidelines may mean single trials have limited potential to change practice. There is a need to examine how intervention implementation is prioritised to optimise safety outcomes in the context of workforce restrictions, limited resources and large arrays of competing priorities including statutory requirements, that have increased in maternity care.
Monitoring of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from carriage, lower respiratory tract infections and blood over a six-month period in Belgium
Authors: Wautier Magali , Unal Sema , Martiny Delphine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

H. influenzae carriage may evolve into respiratory or systemic infections. However, no surveillance system is in place in Belgium to monitor carriage strains. This study provides a detailed description of H. influenzae strains isolated from both carriage and lower respiratory infections, collected during a six-month national surveillance. Subsequently, a comparison is conducted with invasive isolates collected during the same period at the National Reference Centre (NRC).
From November 2021 to April 2022, 39 clinical laboratories collected 142 and 210 strains of H. influenzae from carriage and infection, respectively, and 56 strains of blood were submitted to the NRC. In each group, the biotype II comprised more than 40%, followed by biotypes III and I. The majority of strains were non-typeable H. influenzae, with a notable increase in the number of encapsulated strains in the invasive group (14.3% vs 1-2%). A beta-lactamase was identified in 18.5% and 12.5% of surveillance and invasive strains, respectively. Resistance to the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination accounted for 7% in the surveillance strains and 10.7% in invasive strains. The overall resistance to third-generation cephalosporins at 1.2% is consistent with rates observed in other European countries. Of particular significance is the identification of mutations in the ftsI gene in both carriage and infected strains, which are associated with high-level beta-lactam resistance.
NRC must engage in regular and systematic monitoring of beta-lactam susceptibility of H. influenzae to guarantee safe empiric therapy in severe cases and identify potential transitions from low-level to high-level resistance in the future.
Feasibility and travel speed influence on welding AA7075-T651 using cold wire pulsed gas metal arc welding (Cold Wire-P-GMAW)
Authors: Filho Ademir Angelo Castro , Loayza Cristhian Ricardo Loayza , Assunção Paulo Dangelo Costa , Braga Eduardo Magalhães 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

AA7075-T651, an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, is specifically used for aircraft applications due to its high strength-to-weight ratio, which improves fuel economy in lightweight construction. Cold wire pulsed gas metal arc welding (Cold Wire-P-GMAW) was used to weld AA7075-T651 joints at two travel speeds (90 and 100 cm/min) using ER5183, while the wire feed speed (WFS), voltage, and average current were selected to keep the nominal heat input approximately equal to 0.4 kJ/mm. Results showed that the cold wire feed promoted the refining of the secondary dendrite arm spacing and increased the Vickers hardness, while the high welding speed reduced porosity area, the partial melting zone and liquation cracks. Cross-sectional tensile tests showed that the joints had a joint efficiency of approximately 50%. The fractographic analysis showed that the specimen experienced a ductile fracture. The mechanical properties obtained were slightly superior to the best results in the literature; however, this was achieved with a welding speed 733% higher and without the application of thermal treatment.
Disentangling the effects of vegetation and physical drivers on fire
Authors: Barberá Iván , Cingolani Ana María , Tiribelli Florencia , Mermoz Mónica , Morales Juan Manuel , Kitzberger Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background Understanding the drivers of fire is frequently challenging because some of them interact and influence each other. In particular, vegetation type is a strong control of fire activity, but at the same time it responds to physical and human factors that also affect fire, so their effects are often confounded. We developed a 30 m resolution record of fire for north-western Patagonia spanning 24 years (July 1998-June 2022), and present an updated description of fire patterns and drivers. We analysed interannual variation in fire activity in relation to interannual climatic variation, and assessed how topography, precipitation, and human factors determine spatial patterns of fire either directly or by affecting the distribution of vegetation types along physical and human-influence gradients.Results We mapped 234 fires ≥ 10 ha that occurred between 1999 and 2022, which burned 5.77% of the burnable area. Both the annual burned area and the number of fires increased in warm and dry years. Spatially, burn probability decreased with elevation and increased with slope steepness, irrespective of vegetation type. Precipitation decreased burn probability, but this effect was evident only across vegetation types, not within them. Controlling for physical drivers, wet forests showed the lowest burn probability, and shrublands, the highest.Conclusions Interannual climatic variation strongly controls fire activity in north-western Patagonia, which is higher in warmer and drier years. The climatic effect is also evident across space, with fire occurring mostly in areas of low elevation (high temperature) and low to intermediate precipitation. Spatially, the effect of topography on fire activity results from how it affects fuel conditions, and not from its effect on the distribution of vegetation types. Conversely, the effect of precipitation resulted mostly from the occurrence of vegetation types with contrasting fuel properties along the precipitation gradient: vegetation types with higher fine fuel amount and continuity and intrinsically lower fuel moisture occurred at low and intermediate precipitation. By quantifying the variation in burn probability among vegetation types while controlling for physical factors, we identified which vegetation types are intrinsically more or less flammable. This may contribute to generate fuel management guidelines.