bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The characteristics of respiratory function and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with portal hypertension
Authors: SUN Yong Wei , HUA Rong , HUO Yan Miao , CAO Hui , WU Zhi Yong , LUO Meng , XU Qing , CHEN Wei , KONG Xian Ming 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE:  To investigate the respiratory function and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with portal hypertension (PHT).METHODS:  A total of 148 patients with PHT were divided into three groups according to Child–Pugh classification. Results of blood biochemistry test, lung function test, arterial blood gas analysis, free portal pressure (FPP) and pulmonary hemodynamics measurements of the three Child‐Pugh grade groups were compared with those of the control group.RESULTS:  The overall incidence of arterial hypoxemia was 27.0% in PHT patients. Arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) had a significant negative correlation with FPP (r = −0.76, P < 0.01) and Child–Pugh grade (r = −0.42, P < 0.01), as well as a positive correlation with systemic vascular resistance (SVR, r = 0.24, P = 0.01). Alveolar‐arterial oxygen difference (A‐aDO2) increased in Child‐Pugh grade C group when compared with Child‐Pugh grade A and B groups (P < 0.05). Restrictive impairment of lung function was seen in Child‐Pugh grade C group. Direct measurement of the hemodynamics in PHT patients revealed a hyperdynamic disturbance in both systemic and portal venous systems, and was illustrated in pulmonary circulation as an increase of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) and pulmonary arterial wedged pressure (PAWP) as well as a decrease of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR).CONCLUSIONS:  High output and low resistance are the key characteristics of pulmonary circulation in PHT patients and the decrease of PVR can be detected even when liver function is still compensated.
State‐space framework for estimating measurement error from double‐tagging telemetry experiments
Authors: Winship Arliss J. , Jorgensen Salvador J. , Shaffer Scott A. , Jonsen Ian D. , Robinson Patrick W. , Costa Daniel P. , Block Barbara A. 
Published: November 2011

Summary1. Double‐tagging experiments are invaluable for determining the accuracy and precision of location data provided by different telemetry technologies used with free‐ranging animals.2. We developed a state‐space modelling framework for estimating the precision of telemetry location data based on double‐tagging experiments. The model is simultaneously fitted to multiple data types with different temporal resolutions while including errors in all data.3. We used the model to estimate the precision of a specific geolocation method based on light and sea surface temperature applied to a large marine telemetry dataset. Data were available from double‐tagging experiments on 111 animals representing seven marine species including 4 sharks, 2 birds and 1 pinniped. Study animals carried electronic tags that provided geolocation estimates as well as more precise satellite‐based location data (Argos and Global Positioning System).4. Estimates of the precision of geolocations were similar to previous findings. The overall estimated SD of geolocation errors for each species ranged from 0·5 to 3·9° for longitude and 0·8 to 3·6° for latitude.5. While these results are specific to this particular type of location estimation method, the state‐space framework presented here is a robust approach to estimating the precision of various types of telemetry location data from double‐tagging experiments. The model simultaneously allows for appropriate inferences about true animal locations and movement.
Surgical repair of fractures of the lateral and medial tibial malleoli in a yearling Arabian filly
Authors: Getman L. M. , Ross M. W. , Smith M. A. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA yearling Arabian filly presented with a history of acute hindlimb lameness, marked tarsocrural effusion and associated soft tissue swelling and was diagnosed with fractures of both the lateral and medial malleoli of the distal aspect of the tibia. The fractures were repaired using a combination of cortical bone screws placed in lag fashion and a tension band wire. A full limb cast bandage was placed for recovery from general anaesthesia and the early post operative period. Despite radiographic development of osteoarthritis, 21 months after surgery the filly was clinically sound and racing successfully.
Openness to experience and all‐cause mortality: A meta‐analysis and requivalent from risk ratios and odds ratios
Authors: Ferguson Eamonn , Bibby Peter A. 
Published: October 2011

Objectives. To test the prediction that Openness to Experience (O) is a protective factor with respect to all‐cause mortality. To provide a method of calculating a standard effect size estimate (requivalent) from relative risk (RR) and odds ratios (OR).Methods. A meta‐analysis of 11 (N= 19, 941) studies linking O to all‐cause mortality is reported. Analyses are conducted on the total sample and on sub‐samples with and without other mortality risk factors (e.g., age, social class) controlled. The same analyses are also conducted on the studies that used indices of O based on standard measures of the five‐factor model (FFM: NEO and Goldberg's adjective markers). This paper also provides a means of calculating an requivalent from RR and OR.Results. The results show that for all studies O is a protective factor (r= .051) and this effect is slightly higher (r= .064) when only FFM measures are used. When risk factors are not controlled, the protective effect for O is .091 for all studies and .097 for FFM indices. However, a predicted attenuation is observed when standard mortality risk factors are controlled to .028 for all measures and .036 for FFM measures.Conclusions. While O is protective with respect to all‐cause mortality, the effect is attenuated by other mortality risk factors and future work needs to explore the complex independent, moderating, and mediating processes linking O to all‐cause mortality.
Flow characteristics in a canine aneurysm model: A comparison of 4D accelerated phase‐contrast MR measurements and computational fluid dynamics simulations
Authors: Jiang Jingfeng , Johnson Kevin , Valen‐Sendstad Kristian , Mardal Kent‐Andre , Wieben Oliver , Strother Charles 
Published: October 2011

Purpose: Our purpose was to compare quantitatively velocity fields in and around experimental canine aneurysms as measured using an accelerated 4D PC‐MR angiography (MRA) method and calculated based on animal‐specific CFD simulations.Methods: Two animals with a surgically created bifurcation aneurysm were imaged using an accelerated 4D PC‐MRA method. Meshes were created based on the geometries obtained from the PC‐MRA and simulations using “subject‐specific” pulsatile velocity waveforms and geometries were then solved using a commercial CFD solver. Qualitative visual assessments and quantitative comparisons of the time‐resolved velocity fields obtained from the PC‐MRA measurements and the CFD simulations were performed using a defined similarity metric combining both angular and magnitude differences of vector fields.Results: PC‐MRA and image‐based CFD not only yielded visually consistent representations of 3D streamlines in and around both aneurysms, but also showed good agreement with regard to the spatial velocity distributions. The estimated similarity between time‐resolved velocity fields from both techniques was reasonably high (mean value >0.60; one being the highest and zero being the lowest). Relative differences in inflow and outflow zones among selected planes were also reasonable (on the order of 10%–20%). The correlation between CFD‐calculated and PC‐MRA‐measured time‐averaged wall shear stresses was low (0.22 and 0.31, p < 0.001).Conclusions:In two experimental canine aneurysms, PC‐MRA and image‐based CFD showed favorable agreement in intra‐aneurismal velocity fields. Combining these two complementary techniques likely will further improve the ability to characterize and interpret the complex flow that occurs in human intracranial aneurysms.
Electron microscope study on a transmissible cytotoxic factor isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of neurological patients: analysis of its structure and of its effects on various types of cell cultures
Authors: Guerra D , Ronchetti I , Beretti F , Bartoletti A M , Pietrosemoli P , Gelormini M S , Malagolini N , Muscatello U , Portolani M 
Published: November 2011

AimsIn previous studies, the present group showed that a factor, present in the cerebrospinal fluid of seven neuro-patients, was capable of inducing cell damages on cell cultures of epithelial cells (Vero), glial cells (DG54-MG) and human primary lymphocytes. The cytotoxicity, once induced, could be transmitted to fresh cell cultures using crude preparations obtained from the cytotoxic cell cultures.Methods and ResultsThe present electron microscope study describes in detail the pathological changes occurring in the previously assayed cultured cell types, and for the first time in human fibroblasts, as a consequence of the treatment with crude cytotoxic preparation. It also demonstrates with reasonable certainty the absence of virus-like particles in both the treated cells and the partially purified cytotoxic fraction. Indeed high-resolution electron microscopy analysis shows that this fraction consists almost entirely of protein spheroids with a diameter of 8–12 nm.ConclusionsThe possible significance of nanotubular aggregates, observed in particular in the glial and in the epithelial cells undergoing cytotoxic damage, is also discussed.
Receptor activator for nuclear factor κ B expression predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis but not in patients with visceral metastasis
Authors: Zhang Lingyun , Teng Yuee , Zhang Ye , Liu Jing , Xu Ling , Qu Jinglei , Hou Kezuo , Yang Xianghong , Liu Yunpeng , Qu Xiujuan 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundIt was recently reported that receptor activator for nuclear factor κ B ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator for nuclear factor κ B (RANK) pathway is critical for RANK-expressing cancer cells to home to bone and associates with disease progression of cancer. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of RANK on prognosis in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis and patients with visceral metastasis.MethodsImmunohistochemical staining for RANK was carried out on paraffin-embedded primary tumour tissue sections from 102 patients with metastatic breast cancer. Survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were used to explore the prognostic value of RANK expression in breast cancer.ResultsThe RANK expression rates were 47.1% in metastatic breast cancer. Patients with RANK expression showed significantly poor progression-free survival and disease-specific survival. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the significant difference in prognosis completely resulted from the occurrence of bone metastasis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that RANK expression was an independent predictor of bone metastasis-free survival and disease-specific survival in patients with bone metastasis.ConclusionsRANK expression might be an independent predictor of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis, and RANK expression does not associate with the prognosis in patients with visceral metastasis.
Transactions and neglected data
Authors: Braithwaite Colin J. R. 
Published: November 2011

Synopsis
The Transactions of the Geological Societies of Edinburgh and Glasgow will shortly join the Scottish Journal of Geology as part of the Lyell Collection published electronically by the Geological Society of London. The availability online of papers from the early 19th century to the birth of the Scottish Journal of Geology in 1964 offers scholars access to materials not readily available elsewhere. These include historical papers tracing the development of many important geological ideas in Scotland, early discussions of the philosophy of geology, and descriptions of the geology and stratigraphy of areas, palaeontological faunas and floras, igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks and minerals. Many of these remain important compilations of data but of special importance are those referring to localities now overgrown or covered by development, or samples (particularly fossils) that have since been lost. The online publication will be fully searchable and will provide easy access to these valuable works.
An Obesity-RelatedFTOVariant and the Risk of Preeclampsia in a Finnish Study Population
Authors: Klemetti Miira , Hiltunen Leena M. , Heino Sanna , Heinonen Seppo , Kajantie Eero , Laivuori Hannele 
Published: November 2011

Previous studies have demonstrated a common variant of the obesity and fat mass-relatedFTOgene, rs9939609, to be associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and elevated blood pressure. We investigated whether theFTOSNP rs9939609 is associated with the risk of preeclampsia (PE) in a Finnish study population. 485 women with prior PE and 449 women who had given birth after a normotensive pregnancy were genotyped (TaqMan) for the SNP rs9939609. The prevalences of genotypes AA, AT, and TT were 15%, 53%, and 32%, respectively, among the PE cases, and 16%, 47%, and 37%, respectively, among the controls (P=0.199). We found no evidence of an association between theFTOSNP rs9939609 and PE. However, our cases were dominated by severe, early-onset PE. Thus, we are unable to exclude an association with the milder, later-onset form of the disease in which the role of maternal metabolic predisposition could be more significant.Erratum to “An Obesity-RelatedFTOVariant and the Risk of Preeclampsia in a Finnish Study Population”
Serum Interleukin-6, Insulin, and HOMA-IR in Male Individuals with Colorectal Adenoma
Authors: Sasaki Yu , Takeda Hiroaki , Sato Takeshi , Orii Tomohiko , Nishise Shoichi , Nagino Ko , Iwano Daisuke , Yaoita Takao , Yoshizawa Kazuya , Saito Hideki , Tanaka Yasuhisa , Kawata Sumio 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Purpose: It is widely acknowledged that chronic low-grade inflammation plays a key role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The level of circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6), one of the major proinflammatory adipokines, is correlated with obesity and insulin resistance, which are known to be risk factors for colorectal adenoma. We examined the association between the circulating level of IL-6 and the presence of colorectal adenoma.
Experimental Design: In a total colonoscopy-based cross-sectional study conducted between January and December 2008, serum levels of IL-6 were measured in samples of venous blood obtained from 336 male participants attending health checkups (118 individuals with colorectal adenoma and 218 age-matched controls) after an overnight fast.
Results: In the colorectal adenoma group, the median levels of serum IL-6 (1.24 vs. 1.04 pg/mL; P = 0.01), triglyceride, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were to be significantly higher than those in the control group. When restricted to individuals with adenoma, levels of IL-6 were positively correlated with body mass index, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Multiple logistic analyses adjusted to include insulin or HOMA-IR showed that high levels of IL-6 were associated with the presence of colorectal adenoma. There was no significant interaction of IL-6 with HOMA-IR to modify this association.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that increased serum levels of IL-6 are positively associated with the presence of colorectal adenoma in men, independently of insulin and HOMA-IR. Clin Cancer Res; 18(2); 392–9. ©2011 AACR.
Impact of Mitral Regurgitation on Reverse Remodeling and Outcome in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Verhaert David , Popović Zoran B. , De Sabe , Puntawangkoon Chirapa , Wolski Kathy , Wilkoff Bruce L. , Starling Randall C. , Tang W.H. Wilson , Thomas James D. , Griffin Brian P. , Grimm Richard A. 
Published: November 2011

Background—
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is associated with reduced survival in patients with chronic heart failure, but may be improved with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We sought to evaluate the relationship between serial measurements of functional MR and reverse remodeling and outcomes in patients undergoing CRT.

Methods and Results—

A total of 266 consecutive patients undergoing CRT with available baseline echocardiograms and subsequent clinical and echocardiographic follow-up were included in the analysis. Long-term follow-up included all-cause mortality, heart transplantation, and implantation of a left ventricular (LV) assist device. Temporal changes in MR severity and LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVi) were evaluated by linear mixed-model analysis. CRT led to an immediate sustained decrease in MR (
P
<0.0001), with no significant subsequent change. The amount of MR decrease correlated with a greater decrease in LVESVi late (
P
≤0.0001), but not early (
P
=0.14), after CRT began. Patients with severe MR before CRT experienced a larger LVESVi decrease (
P
=0.005). Although baseline MR severity was not associated with adverse events (
P
=0.13), a larger MR decrease (
P
=0.001) and a smaller residual MR after the initial 6 months of CRT (
P
=0.03) were predictive of better outcome in a multivariable model.

Conclusions—
Early reversal of functional MR was associated with reverse cardiac remodeling and improved outcomes. Patients with moderately severe to severe MR before CRT experienced relatively more reverse remodeling than patients with lesser degrees of MR.
Jungfrau oder Hetäre? Das ‘Thrakische Füllen’ und seine allegorische Deutung (Anacr. PMG 417 ap. Heraclit. All. 5.10-1 und [Theoc.] Id. 20.11-8)*)
Authors: Geißler Claudia 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn Ps.-Theocritus 20.13 the hetaira Eunica is portrayed as µµασι λοξ βλποισα. Although it is well known that the passage imitates Anacreon’s poem on the ‘Thracian filly’ (PMG 417.1), it has until now gone unnoticed that the pseudo-Theocritean Idyll displays compelling parallels with Heraclitus’ interpretation of Anacreon’s ‘Thracian filly’ as ‘hetaira’.
While this is perhaps not sufficient to hypothesize an intertextual relationship between the two authors, it nonetheless seems certain that Ps.-Theocritus and Heraclitus drew on a common source documenting this exegesis of πλο&sigmav;. In addition the depictions of the &beta;ο&ugr;&kappa;λο&sigmav; as a singer and of Eunica as a &lsquo;hetaira&rsquo;, coupled with the verbal echoes of Anacreon&rsquo;s and Sappho&rsquo;s poems, seem to point to a source&mdash;yet to be identified&mdash;which made use of the literary-biographical tradition concerning Sappho.
“What An Ugly Child”: Abaelard on Translation, Figurative Language, and Logic
Authors: Martin Christopher J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn examination the development of Peter Abaelard’s views on translation and figurative meaning. Mediaeval philosophers curiously do not connect the theory of translation implied by Aristotelian semantics with the multiplicity of tongues consequent upon the fall of Babel and do not seem to have much to offer to help in solving the problems of scriptural interpretation noted by Augustine. Indeed, on the Aristotelian account of meaning such problems do not arise. This paper shows that Abaelard is like others in this respect in not in general finding translation problematic. Two particular cases, oppositio in adiecto and accidental predication, however, present problems for him and the paper examines and tries to explain the differences between the account given in the Dialectica and that given in the Logica ‘Ingredientibus’.
Pragmatics in Peter John Olivi’s Account of Signification of Common Names
Authors: Mora-Márquez Ana María 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present a reconstruction of Olivi’s account of signification of common names and to highlight certain intrusion of pragmatics into this account. The paper deals with the question of how certain facts, other than original imposition, may be relevant to determine the semantical content of an utterance, and not with the question of how we perform actions by means of utterances. The intrusion of pragmatics into Olivi’s semantics we intend to point out may seem minimal today, but was of a certain importance at his time. Even if the conventional codes still play a role in his explanation of how words acquire a semantical content, both the intention of the speaker and the communication context in which this intention is being effectuated are essential features of the actual signification of names.
Numerical Simulation of Cyclone Sidr Using a Cloud-Resolving Model: Characteristics and Formation Process of an Outer Rainband
Authors: Akter Nasreen , Tsuboki Kazuhisa 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Cyclone Sidr, one of the most devastating tropical cyclones that resulted in several thousand deaths and substantial damages, developed in the north Indian Ocean and made landfall over the Bangladesh coast on 15 November 2007. Observation and simulation results show that Sidr was embedded in a nonuniform environment and contained an intense outer rainband to the east of its center and a significant frontal band to the northwest. A detailed study of the outer rainband is performed by numerical simulation.
The eastern band was a long, quasi-straight shape in the meridional direction that remained stationary relative to the cyclone center. This band was composed of convective cells that developed southeast of the center within a synoptic-scale convergence zone and propagated along the band toward the northeast quadrant. The speed of the downwind-propagating cells was greater than that of the cyclone, which resulted in a convective cluster northeast of the center. Only the downwind portion of the band consisted of convection with stratiform rain, whereas the upwind and middle portions contained active convective cells without stratiform rain.
The band was located between the synoptic-scale flows of a weakly sheared, gradient-balanced westerly and a strongly sheared, nongradient-balanced prevailing southerly caused by the complex terrain of the Bay of Bengal’s southeast region. Low-level convergence along the band was dominated by cross-band flow from both sides of the band and was confined below 3 km. As the cyclone moved northward, the convergence zone resulted in the extension of band length up to ~800 km. The southerly at the eastern side of the center gradually accelerated and was directed toward the center by a strong pressure gradient force. The flow accumulated a substantial amount of water vapor from the sea in addition to the increased moisture in the lower troposphere, resulting in further intensification of the convective cells.