bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can human intelligence safeguard against artificial intelligence? Exploring individual differences in the discernment of human from AI texts
Authors: Chein Jason , Martinez Steven , Barone Alexander 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) models can produce output that closely mimics human-generated content. We examined individual differences in the human ability to differentiate human- from AI-generated texts, exploring relationships with fluid intelligence, executive functioning, empathy, and digital habits. Overall, participants exhibited better than chance text discrimination, with substantial variation across individuals. Fluid intelligence strongly predicted differences in the ability to distinguish human from AI, but executive functioning and empathy did not. Meanwhile, heavier smartphone and social media use predicted misattribution of AI content (mistaking it for human). Determinations about the origin of encountered content also affected sharing preferences, with those who were better able to distinguish human from AI indicating a lower likelihood of sharing AI content online. Word-level differences in linguistic composition of the texts did not meaningfully influence participants’ judgements. These findings inform our understanding of how individual difference factors may shape the course of human interactions with AI-generated information.
Low Rates of Vaccination Among Atopic Dermatitis, Alopecia Areata, Psoriasis, and Psoriatic Arthritis Patients on Biologics
Authors: Hren M. Grace , Khattri Saakshi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Biologics and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are immunomodulating and immunosuppressing medications, respectively, utilized to treat atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis (PSO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and alopecia areata (AA). Special recommendations must be considered when prescribing vaccinations in this population, as the pneumococcal and herpes zoster vaccine are recommended to patients ≥ 19-years-old (rather than ≥ 65-years-old and ≥ 50-years-old as in the general population, respectively), along with a yearly influenza and up to date COVID-19 vaccination. Additionally, TNF-α and JAK-inhibitors may increase the risk of latent Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation among high-risk patients. Prior to prescribing these medications, a quantitative HepB Surface Antibody (HepB SA) test is performed to determine immunity. This study utilized the SlicerDicer function on EPIC Medical Records to search for any patient ≥ 19-years-old prescribed a biologic or JAK inhibitor for AD, PSO, PsA, or AA between 10/2003–10/2023 at a large tertiary institution. Vaccination rates among patients on biologics and JAK inhibitors were low, with rates being significantly lower in patients 19–64 years-old, compared to those ≥ 65 years-old for most disease states (p < 0.01). Among AD, PSO/PsA, and AA patients, on average, 9.39% were vaccinated for influenza, 6.76% for herpes zoster, 16.56% for pneumococcal pneumonia, and 63.98% for COVID-19. Only 3.16% of patients were adequately vaccinated for HepB after an abnormal HepB SA test. Here, extremely low rates of vaccination among patients on biologics and JAK inhibitors at our institution were highlighted, emphasizing the imperative need for ensuring vaccination in this patient group.
Identifying spring recharge areas using stable isotope and geophysical methods: A case study of the Ababi Mountain Region, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Simpen I N. , Redana I W. , Ardana Putu D.H. , Gunawan Anak A.N. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Identifying spring recharge areas is essential for water resource conservation. This study aimed to determine the recharge area of Ababi Spring, Indonesia, using stable isotope, vertical electrical sounding (VES), and audio magnetotelluric (AMT) methods. Rainwater and spring water were sampled at 211–978 m locations above sea level. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios revealed that spring water originated from a higher elevation source. The relationship between oxygen isotope composition and elevation was used to estimate the spring recharge elevation as 2,118-2,137 m above sea level. VES and AMT methods generated geoelectrical profiles depicting subsurface water flow from recharge to discharge zones, confirming the elevated recharge area. Additional isotope analysis of 1,514 m altitude rainwater supported the prediction model. This multidisciplinary approach combines hydrochemical and geophysical techniques to enable more reliable delineation of groundwater recharge areas than single methods. Determining the Ababi Spring recharge zone facilitates targeted conservation efforts for this vital water resource. Further work should investigate geochemical evolution along subsurface flow paths.
Breastfeeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Fat Distribution in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Pilot Study
Authors: Zhou Huanyu , Yao Qing , Chaomeng Zhou , Jianbo Gao , Zhe Song , Belfort-DeAguiar Renata , Wei Jinhua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of breastfeeding on postpartum lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity and body fat distribution in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods and Results: This was a retrospective pilot study. Participants were recruited from one-day GDM management clinics at the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between 2017 and 2020. After obtaining their breastfeeding histories, the participants were divided into 2 groups based on their infant feeding practices: a non-breastfeeding group (n=11) and a breastfeeding group (n=20). Anthropometric measurements, insulin resistance indices (oral glucose tolerance test), questionnaires about infant feeding practices, and dietary intake and physical activity patterns were obtained at 6-28 weeks approximately 20 months postpartum. When comparing the breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding groups, body fat percentage, arm circumference, waist circumference, visceral fat area, and insulin sensitivity were significantly improved by breastfeeding (P≤0.05, for all). In addition, a longer duration of breastfeeding negatively correlated with arm circumference and waist circumference (P≤0.05, for all).
Conclusions: Our study showed that breastfeeding improves lipid metabolism, body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in women with GDM,which may be further influenced by the duration of breastfeeding.
Comprehensive analysis of the ability of the Cuproptosis- related gene signature to predict the prognosis of patients with pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Song Shi-Yao , Chen Yi-Jun , Zhang Zhen-Hong , Liang Cong , Xue Hong-Man , Xie Ming-Yu , Li Yu , Luo Jie-si , Fan Zhong , Zhang Li-Dan , Luo Xue-qun , Zhang Xiao-Li , Huang Li-Bin , Tang Yan-Lai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Cuproptosis is a new type of Regulated Cell Death (RCD) that is distinct from other known types of cell death, and novel prognostic models for leukemia have been proposed based on this process. However, most studies have been performed predominantly in adults. The potential roles of cuproptosis in pediatric leukemia remain unclear.
Methods: We comprehensively analyzed the expression and mutation sites of CRGs in both pediatric and adult AML patients. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to construct a cuproptosis-related signature, and univariate Cox regression and differential gene analysis were also performed. According to the risk model, AML patients were divided into two groups. Several statistical approaches, such as Kaplan‒Meier, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Cox regression, and calibration curve analyses, were used to evaluate the prognostic value of the model. Furthermore, the associations between risk group and immune cell infiltration, HLA expression, immune checkpoint expression, and therapeutic drug sensitivity were also analyzed. Finally, the expression of the mRNAs in the signatures was investigated in AML clinical samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to demonstrate the reliability of our analysis.
Results: Our results revealed differences in the expression levels and prognostic value of CRGs between adult and pediatric AML patients. Subsequently, four CRG signatures (FAU, RPL19, TRAIP, and TEFM) were generated. Cox regression analyses demonstrated that the signature was an independent predictor of prognosis. GO and KEGG analyses also revealed that the signature was significantly associated with memory T-cell activation and negatively correlated with natural killer (NK) and regulatory T-cell activation. In addition, we identified the distinctive agents neopeltolide, gemcitabine, oligomycin A, ect. weresensitive to high-risk pediatric AML patients. Finally, we used clinical samples to validate the expression and prognostic value of the four CRG signatures to verify the results.
Conclusions: Our observations revealed disparate functions of CRGs in pediatric and adult AML patients. A cuproptosis-related signature was established to predict patient prognosis and inform potential therapeutic strategies for pediatric AML patients. As the first attempt to determine pediatric AML prognosis using RCD biomarkers, we provide new insight into the prognosis assessment field.
Biomechanical effects of a novel hollow pedicle screw in the minimally invasive treatment of Kümmell disease: a finite element study
Authors: Zhong Shixiao , Zhong Hui , Huang Kun , Zhao Yayu , Lei Wen , Li Weichao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Vertebral augmentation is the preferred treatment for Kümmell disease (KD), but there exists a risk of cement displacement resulting in severe back pain and exacerbation of kyphosis. The study aimed to investigate and evaluate the biomechanical behavior of a novel hollow pedicle screw in the minimally invasive treatment of Kümmell disease by finite element (FE) analysis.
Methods
A finite element model of the thoracolumbar T12-L2 vertebral bodies of a KD patient treated with PKP was established. Part of the bone tissue of the T12 vertebral body was removed to simulate the intravertebral vacuum cleft in the injured vertebra. Based on these, the FE model of KD was established. The finite element model was used to simulate the treatment of KD with three surgical methods. Including six models: Model 1 is the osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture vertebra with IVC; Model 2 is simply unilateral PKP; Model 3 is unilateral PKP combined with pediculoplasty; Model 4 is bilateral PKP combined with pediculoplasty; Model 5 is unilateral PKP combined with a hollow pedicle screw (PKP-HPS); Model 6 is bilateral PKP-HPS. In addition, under certain loading conditions, the maximum von Mises stress, and stress distribution of bone cement, vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs of the six models, and the bone cement displacement of the postoperative models were analyzed and compared.
Results
Finite element analysis showed that the maximum von Mises stress of the T12 vertebra was reduced by almost 50% after the operation. Under the same conditions, the stresses of the bilateral operation models were less than those of the unilateral operation models, and the stress distribution of the bilateral operation models was more symmetrical than that of the unilateral operation model in discs, vertebral bodies, and bone cement. In addition, PKP-HPS models are superior to PKP combined with pediculoplasty models in reducing the stress on adjacent vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs after operation compared with the preoperative model and PKP alone. Besides, the M2 and M3 models showed significantly greater displacement than the other models, and M6 showed the smallest displacement.
Conclusion
Bilateral PKP-HPS has better stability in the treatment of KD, and can effectively avoid the loosening or displacement of bone cement. It can take advantage of simple PKP and PKP combined with pediculoplasty at the same time and can reduce the risk of vertebral re-fracture or collapse, adjacent vertebral fracture, and bone cement instability.
Sol-gel Hybrid material activated by Carbon quantum dots: Optical properties
Authors: Cruz-León L. , Palomino-Merino R. , Espinosa J. E , Tehuacanero S. , Castaño V. M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) can be fabricated from waste and organic matter by the hydrothermal/solvothermal process to form nanostructures obtained using H2O and ethanol as solvents with natural Grenetin and Urea as precursors. The resulting solution is encapsulated in a hybrid matrix of SiO2 with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), synthesized by the Sol-Gel process, by simultaneous hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and chosen for its exceptional transparency, as well as for its mechanical properties superior to those of a simple SiO2 matrix. In addition, the Sol-Gel process, while allowing easy doping of the material, also enables the fabrication of monoliths up to 1 cm in diameter, which can be easily customized to the desired size. Luminescent spectra of the resulting samples, exhibit emission bands in Blue and Green colors, along with X-ray diffraction patterns and transmission electron microscopy analyses, reveal that the carbon QDs display a graphite crystalline structure with a size between 5 and 10 nm. Finally, the decay times of the samples vary, ranging from 2.2 ns for the hybrid sample to 3.9 ns for the samples with carbon QDs, demonstrating the highest quantum efficiency value of 8.6%.
Socio-economic, not ecological, landscape heterogeneity explains the abundance of pollinators across multiple spatial scales in a Global South city.
Authors: Reynolds Chevonne , Henry Dominic A.W. , Kalyan Brishan , Pencharz Paris , Shilubane Natasha 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context.
Urban ecosystems demonstrate complex biodiversity patterns, influenced by both social and ecological landscape heterogeneity. The role of ecological factors is widely recognised, yet the relationships between social and ecological elements, particularly across various spatial scales and considering both landscape composition and configuration, remains underexplored. This limits our understanding of urban environments as interconnected socio-ecological systems.
Objectives.
We examine the influence of social and ecological landscape heterogeneity on solitary bee pollinator abundance, aiming to elucidate the complex socio-ecological dynamics influencing urban biodiversity across multiple scales, with a focus on the combined effects of these heterogeneities.
Methods.
Data on solitary bee activity were gathered from 347 participants in Johannesburg, South Africa, through a citizen science campaign. We explored the correlation between bee abundance and social (i.e. household income) and ecological heterogeneity (i.e. urban green cover, NDVI, and landscape connectivity), assessing these relationships at 300m, 2000m, and 5000m scales.
Results.
Household income significantly influenced pollinator abundance across all spatial scales examined, indicating the presence of environmental injustice. In contrast, ecological heterogeneity, including both landscape composition and configuration, exhibited negligible effects on pollinator activity, suggesting a limited impact of ecological landscape heterogeneity on urban bee biodiversity. Additionally, the ability of wealthier households to improve bee habitats and their higher likelihood of hosting bees in the citizen science project highlighted socio-economic differences in environmental engagement.
Conclusions.
Disparities in ecosystem services and biodiversity along socio-economic gradients show the need for integrating social heterogeneity into landscape ecology. Policies on urban greening that consider both social and ecological factors are essential for equitable, sustainable urban ecosystems.
Ipsilateral restriction of chromosome movement along a centrosome, and apical-basal axis during the cell cycle
Authors: Cai Pingping , Casas Christian Joseph , Plancarte Gabriel Quintero , Mikawa Takashi , Hua Lisa L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Little is known about how distance between homologous chromosomes are controlled during the cell cycle. Here, we show that the distribution of centromere components display two discrete clusters placed to either side of the centrosome and apical/basal axis from prophase to G1 interphase. 4-Dimensional live cell imaging analysis of centromere and centrosome tracking reveals that centromeres oscillate largely within one cluster, but do not cross over to the other cluster. We propose a model of an axis-dependent ipsilateral restriction of chromosome oscillations throughout mitosis.
TOP2DFVT: An Efficient Matlab Implementation for Topology Optimization based on the Finite-Volume Theory
Authors: Araujo Marcelo Vitor Oliveira , Júnior Arnaldo dos Santos , Filho Romildo dos Santos Escarpini , Lages Eduardo Nobre , Cavalcante Márcio André Araújo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The finite-volume theory has shown to be numerically efficient and stable for topology optimization of continuum elastic structures. The significant features of this numerical technique are the local satisfaction of equilibrium equations and the employment of compatibility conditions along edges in a surface-averaged sense. These are essential properties to adequately mitigate some numerical instabilities in the gradient version of topology optimization algorithms, such as checkerboard, mesh dependence, and local minima issues. Several computational tools have been proposed for topology optimization employing analysis domains discretized with essential features for finite-element approaches. However, this is the first contribution to offer a platform to generate optimized topologies by employing a Matlab code based on the finite-volume theory for compliance minimization problems. The Top2DFVT provides a platform to perform 2D topology optimization of structures in Matlab, from domain initialization for structured meshes to data post-processing. This contribution represents a significant advancement over earlier publications on topology optimization based on the finite-volume theory, which needed more efficient computational tools. Moreover, the Top2DFVT algorithm incorporates SIMP and RAMP material interpolation schemes alongside sensitivity and density filtering techniques, culminating in a notably enhanced optimization tool. The application of this algorithm to various illustrative cases confirms its efficacy and underscores its potential for advancing the field of structural optimization.
The Mediating Effect of Coping Strategies on the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults from Chiclayo
Authors: Carrasco Danicsa Karina Espino , Alcántara María del Rosario Palomino , Vargas Carmen Graciela Arbulú Pérez , Espino Briseidy Massiel Santa Cruz , Valdera Luis Jhonny Dávila , Cabrera Cindy Vargas , Carrasco Madeleine Espino , Valdera Anny Dávila , Soto Roque Valderrama 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background Older adults are vulnerable to depressive symptoms, with a global prevalence ranging from 28.4% to 42.0%. Perceived stress is a key contributing factor, but coping strategies can play a crucial mediating role. This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of coping strategies on the relationship between perceived stress and depressive symptoms among older adults in Chiclayo, Peru.
Method A total of 412 elderly patients from three hospitals who completed an online survey participated.
Results Using the PLS-SEM approach, the results showed that perceived stress has a direct and positive effect on depressive symptoms (β=0.129***), while coping strategies significantly mediated this relationship (β=0.185***).
Conclusion This study provides valuable evidence on the mechanisms underlying the relationship between stress and depression in older adults and offers relevant guidance for the development of culturally adapted and effective mental health interventions for this vulnerable population group.
Dysmagnesemia Measured by Ionized and Total Body Concentrations Among Medically Hospitalized Patients: Incidence, Clinical Characteristics, and Health Outcomes - A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Alawi Abdullah M. Al , Shukri Zahra Al , Busaidi Salim Al , Al-Maamari Qasim , Thihli Masood Al , Sharji Amal Al , Balushi Ramia Al , Amri Dawood Al , Falhammar Henrik , Al-Maqbali Juhaina Salim 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Ionized Mg (iMg) may offer a more reliable indicator of Mg status during acute illness than total body Mg (tMg) concentrations. This study aimed to determine the incidence of dysmagnesemia and their relationship using iMg and tMg. The clinical and biochemical characteristics as well as health outcomes and their association with iMg and tMg was also assessed. Methods: A prospective study including all eligible adult patients (≥ 18 years) who were hospitalized in the General Internal Medicine unit at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) for 3.5 months in 2023. The iMg and tMg concentrations were collected on all at the admission. Results: In total 500 patients were included (females (49.2%)) with a median age of 64.5 years (IQR: 48–77). The prevalence of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia by iMg concentrations was 3.4% and 26.6%, respectively, while by tMg concentrations 13.2% and 11.0%, respectively. The agreement between both measurements was strong (r = 0.665, p < 0.01). An increased tMg concentration was independently associated high dependency units’ admission (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 4.34, 95%CI: 1.24–15.06, p = 0.02) and cardiac arrest (aOR: 14.64, 95%CI: 3.04–70.57, p < 0.01), and 6-month all-cause mortality (aOR: 11.44, 95%CI: 2.46–53.17, p < 0.01). During follow-up hypermagnesemia using tMg had a higher mortality compared to other groups (hazard ratio (HR): 1.82, 95%CI: 1.11–3.01, p = 0.02) while no significant findings were demonstrated using iMg concentrations. Conclusion: iMg and tMg concentrations had a strong correlation supporting the use of point-of-care devices for rapid assessment in critical situations. The difference in the associations with health outcomes highlights the importance of further research. Wordcounts: 249
Analysis of Circulating Plasma MicroRNA Profile in Low-Grade and High-Grade Glioma – A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Dwianingsih Ery Kus , Hartanto Rahmat Andi , Safitri Sekar , Krisnugraha Yeshua Putra , Sianipar Christina Megawimanti , Basuki Endro , Dananjoyo Kusumo , Asmedi Ahmad , Sun Bo , Malueka Rusdy Ghazali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose. Glioma is the second most common type of brain tumor, accounting for 24% of all brain tumor cases. The current diagnostic procedure is through an invasive tissue sampling to obtain histopathological analysis, however, not all patients are able to undergo a high-risk procedure. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered as promising biomarkers for glioma due to their sensitivity, specificity, and non-invasive properties. There is currently no defined miRNA profile that contributes to determining the grade of glioma. This study aims to find the answer for “Is there any significant miRNA that able to distinguish different grades of glioma?”.
Methods. This study was conducted to compare the expression of miRNAs between low-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG). 18 blood plasma samples from glioma patients and 6 healthy controls were analyzed for 798 human miRNA profiles using NanoString nCounter Human v3 miRNA Expression Assay. The differential expressions of miRNAs were then analyzed to identify the differences in miRNA expression between LGG and HGG.
Results. Analyses showed significant expressions in 12 miRNAs between LGG and HGG, where all of them were downregulated. Out of these significant miRNAs, miR-518b, miR-1271-3p, and miR-598-3p showed the highest potential for distinguishing HGG from LGG, with area under curve (AUC) values of 0.912, 0.889, and 0.991, respectively.
Conclusion. miR-518b, miR-1271-3p, and miR-598-3p demonstrate significant potentials in distinguishing LGG and HGG.