bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic evaluation of milk from different mammalian species as a substitute for breast milk
Authors: D'auria Enza , Agostoni Carlo , Giovannini Marcello , Riva Enrica , Zetterström Rolf , Fortin Riccardo , Franco Greppi Gian , Bonizzi Luigi , Roncada Paola 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAs milk represents the main source of nutrition for infants, the question of an effective human milk substitute becomes mandatory when a formula‐fed baby is allergic to cows' milk proteins. In this case, formulas containing extensively hydrolysed milk proteins should be preferred, but even such a formula may cause allergic reactions in highly sensitive patients. If there is evidence of cows' milk allergy with IgE‐associated symptoms, after 6 mo of age, a soy bean formula may be recommended only when tolerance to soy protein has been established by clinical challenge. In infants with allergic reactions to cows' milk proteins, even after extensive hydrolysation, proteomic techniques coupled to immunological methods may make it possible to select other milk products that do not contain the same allergens as ordinary cow's milk. In this paper, evidence will be presented that proteomic evaluation of proteins from different mammalian species may be a suitable method of testing whether proteins from the milk of different mammalian species may be used as a substitute for untreated bovine milk. Conclusion: Proteomic evaluation of milk from different mammalian species may not only be of help when recommending suitable feeding in cases of cows' milk allergy but also gives new insight into the background to allergic reactions caused by milk proteins.
Effect of obesity on inflammatory markers and renal functions
Authors: Cindik Nimet , Baskin Esra , Isik Agras Pinar , Tulgar Kinik Sibel , Turan Munire , Saatci Umit 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To examine the relationship between inflammation criteria and body mass index in otherwise‐healthy obese schoolchildren and to evaluate the effect of obesity on renal functions. Methods: Sixty‐five otherwise‐healthy obese children (median age 10.8 y, range 7.1–16.5 y; median body mass index 26.8 kg/m2, range 19.9–38.7 kg/m2) and 20 healthy controls (median age 12.4 y, range 10.1–17.1 y; median body mass index 18.8 kg/m2, range 17.3–23.1 kg/m2) were included. Blood and urine samples were taken from every child. Results: Children in the obese and control groups had similar age and sex distributions (p>0.05). Inflammatory mediators were higher in obese children (p<0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between glomerular filtration rate and body mass index in the whole study group (r=0.39, p=0.001). A positive correlation was found between body mass index standard deviation and inflammatory mediators and glomerular filtration rate. No significant difference existed regarding protein and microalbumin excretion in the urine. Conclusion: Inflammatory mediators increased significantly in obese children, and the glomerular filtration rate increased as the body mass index increased. To prevent obesity‐related complications in adulthood, it is important to take measures to prevent development of obesity during childhood.
Efficacy of an individualized written home‐management plan in the control of moderate persistent asthma: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Agrawal Sunil K , Singh Meenu , Mathew Joseph L , Malhi Prabhjot 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Background: The management of childhood asthma necessitates a comprehensive approach including pharmacological treatment as well as education about self‐evaluation and home management of the condition. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of adding an individualized written home‐management plan in the control of moderate persistent asthma. Methods: Children with moderate persistent asthma were randomized to receive either an individualized written home‐management plan or no plan, in addition to standard asthma therapy including education. They were followed up with serial measurement of outcome variables. Results: Children receiving an individualized written home‐management plan had fewer acute asthma events, fewer lost school days, lower symptom score and less nocturnal awakening than those who did not receive a written plan. Conclusion: The addition of a written individualized home‐management plan improves overall control in children with moderate persistent asthma.
Topographic localization of electrocortical activation in newborn and two‐ to four‐month‐old infants in response to head‐up tilting
Authors: Grieve Philip G , Myers Michael M , Stark Raymond I , Housman Sarah , Fifer William P 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aims: (1) To confirm that head‐up tilting causes sustained increases in the heart rate (HR) of newborn infants but not during the period of maximum vulnerability to SIDS at 2–4 mo of age, and (2) to determine whether electrocortical activation (changes in high‐frequency EEG power) also shows topographic and age‐dependent effects of tilting. Methods: HR and electrocortical activity were recorded in 15 newborn and 12 2‐ to 4‐mo‐old infants during head‐up tilting. Infants were tilted, three times, to a 30° head‐up position. Electrocortical activity was acquired using a 128‐lead EEG system. Changes in HR and high‐frequency (12–50 Hz) power in the electrocortical signal were computed from the flat to the head‐up position. Results: Newborn infants had significant increases in HR and robust increases in high‐frequency power in the left frontal, right frontal‐temporal, and occipital regions following head‐up tilt. At 2 to 4 mo of age, HR did not change significantly and tilt‐related increases in high‐frequency power were smaller. Conclusion: The patterns of HR change and electrocortical activation with tilting of newborn infants are different from infants at the age of highest risk for SIDS.
Pre‐discharge anxiety among mothers of well newborns: Prevalence and correlates
Authors: Britton John R 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Objective: To explore the prevalence and correlates of maternal postpartum anxiety. Methods: 422 of 973 invited mothers (43%) were screened for anxiety before hospital discharge with the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Recent medical and social life events, stress, resiliency (mastery, social support, and marital satisfaction), length of stay, discharge readiness, anticipatory medical care, and history of psychiatric illness and depression were assessed by questionnaire and medical record review. Results: 24.9% of mothers had moderate and 1% severe anxiety. Higher anxiety was observed among young, unmarried, primiparous mothers with male infants, and anxiety correlated with medical and negative social life events, stress, history of depression, and duration of postpartum stay. Inverse correlations were observed with maternal education and household income, pregnancy planning, prenatal class attendance, infant healthcare provider identification, and with all resiliency factors. In multivariate models, pre‐discharge anxiety was significantly associated with medical life events and the maternal perception of perinatal stress, and negatively associated with mastery, marital satisfaction, and choice of infant healthcare provider. Conclusion: Moderate maternal anxiety is common prior to perinatal hospital discharge, especially among women with low mastery and marital satisfaction, stressful perinatal courses, and failure to identify an infant healthcare provider.
A framework for ethical decision making in neonatal intensive care
Authors: Baumann‐hölzle Ruth , Maffezzoni Marco , Ulrich Bucher Hans 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntensive care for neonates with high risks of severe impairment and the possibility of a prolonged dying process represents a frequent ethical issue in neonatal units. The aim of this paper is to present a framework for structured decision making that has been developed in a neonatal intensive care unit and to demonstrate its impact on the healthcare team and on survival of critically ill neonates. This framework attempts to integrate the best interests of the infants and their parents, the possibilities of high‐tech neonatal intensive care interventions, and the perspective of the nurses and doctors. An external evaluation of 84 sessions over 3 y revealed a beneficial effect on the quality of the decision‐making process itself and on the quality of the teamwork in the unit. Survival time was shorter (median 2 d, interquartile range 1–7 d) in 26 infants that died after structured decision making compared with 26 controls matched for gestational age, malformation and intracranial haemorrhage (median 7 d, interquartile range 4–15 d). Conclusion: The introduction of this framework for structured decision making involving doctors and nurses improved the quality of the teamwork. It shortened futile intensive care, and thereby suffering for both infants and parents.
Language skills at age 6 years in Swedish children screened for language delay at 2½ years of age
Authors: Miniscalco Carmela , Westerlund Monica , Lohmander Anette 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study concerns language outcome in 6‐y‐old children who participated in a longitudinal community‐based study of 105 children screened for language delay (LD) at 2½ y of age. The purpose was to investigate (1) whether results from the 2½‐y screening were persistent at 6 y of age, and (2) what language domains at age 6 were difficult for (a) children with LD at age 2½ y and (b) children with normal language (LN) at the same age. Significant differences between LD and LN at age 2½ y were persistent at age 6. The vulnerability that was identified at 2½ y of age, such as problems with going from single‐word utterances to multiword utterances, seems to persist as delayed development at different language levels and across language domains. Conclusion: This study has shown that children who failed the 2½‐y screening are at high risk of having persistent language problems at age 6 y.
Ultrasound diagnosis of brain atrophy is related to neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants
Authors: Horsch Sandra , Muentjes Carsten , Franz Annett , Roll Claudia 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Background: Intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia are associated with poor outcome of very preterm infants, while the role of more subtle cerebral alterations, as detected by cranial ultrasound, is less clear. Aim: In this study, we related periventricular echodensities and signs of brain atrophy to neurodevelopmental outcome at 3 y of age. Patients and methods: All preterm infants born in 1997 in our institution with a gestational age <32 wk or birthweight <1500 g were subjected to repeated standardized cranial ultrasound examinations until discharge. Survivors were examined at 3 y of age employing the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II. Results: Eighty‐seven infants were enrolled (birthweight 430–2500 g (median 1200 g), gestational age 24–34 wk (median 29 wk)). Periventricular echodensities were detected in 42 infants (48%); in 12 cases persisting <7 d, in 30 cases >7 d. At discharge, 18 infants (22%) had signs of brain atrophy. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed in 64 infants. Infants with signs of brain atrophy scored significantly lower on MDI (atrophy 91.8, no atrophy 101.9; p=0.02), PDI (atrophy 91.4, no atrophy 106.5; p=0.001) and Behaviour Rating Scale (atrophy 41.1, no atrophy 66.4; p=0.01) than infants without atrophy. Periventricular echodensities were not related to outcome. Conclusion: Our data show that infants with sonographic signs of brain atrophy at discharge achieve lower scores in neurodevelopmental testing at 3 y.
Hyperglycaemia and insulinopenia in a neonate with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Siahanidou Tania , Mandyla Helen , Doudounakis Stavros , Anagnostakis Dimitris 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAbnormal glucose tolerance is a frequent late complication of cystic fibrosis (CF), but the prevalence of CF‐related diabetes mellitus (CFRD) in children less than 10 y old is less than 2%. The youngest child with CFRD reported to date was 6 mo of age. Insulinopenia is the primary cause of abnormal glucose tolerance/CFRD, but it is unknown whether it may begin in the neonatal period. We describe a case of a neonate with CF who presented with hyperglycaemia in the diabetic range and marked insulinopenia. Insulinopenia and impaired glucose tolerance were permanent findings at 6 and 15 mo of age. Conclusion: This case suggests that abnormal glucose tolerance/diabetes may occur much earlier in the course of CF, even during neonatal age. Careful follow‐up and further studies in CF infants could reveal that the real incidence of glucose intolerance and diabetes in this age group has been underestimated.
Cirrhosis in an infant heterozygous for classical citrullinaemia
Authors: Süheyl Ezgü Fatih , Tümer Leyla , Dalgiç Buket , Hasanoĝlu Alev , Kobayashi Keiko , Saheki Takeyori 
Published: August 2010

AbstractClassical citrullinaemia is caused by the inherited deficiency of argininosuccinate synthetase. Although varying degrees of liver involvement have been observed in urea cycle defects, including classical citrullinaemia, the co‐existence of liver failure in a patient heterozygous for the disease has not been reported before. A female infant was investigated to find out the aetiology of early infantile liver failure. She was later found to be a heterozygote for the G390R mutation found in severe citrullinaemia patients. Conclusion: Classical citrullinaemia is a phenotypically heterogeneous disease, and observations for signs of its presence should be made even in heterozygotes.
Blood pressure in the neonate
Authors: Michael Weindling A , Bentham Jamie 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe paper by Dannevig et al. in this issue of Acta Pædiatrica carefully compares the agreement between blood pressure measurements made by three non‐invasive blood pressure monitors with those made from an indwelling intra‐arterial catheter. Conclusion: Non‐invasive blood pressure monitoring is not particularly accurate for making measurements in neonates and generally overestimates the blood pressure as observed by others. Clinicians thus should be wary about using non‐invasive blood pressure techniques as substitutes for monitoring by means of an intra‐arterial catheter and transducer.
Mastitis in early infancy
Authors: Stricker T , Navratil F , Sennhauser FH 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the clinical features and microbiological findings in young infants with mastitis. Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of 18 infants with breast inflammation during the first 3 mo of life seen in the paediatric emergency department between 1992 and 2002. Results: All were full‐term infants with female–male ratio of 3.5∶1. The age ranged from 12 to 45 d, with a peak in the 4th and 5th weeks of life. Only five patients had systemic manifestations, and five were pretreated with oral antibiotics (amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid). The latter as well as seven additional cases required incision and drainage due to abscess formation. Bacterial cultures grew Staphylococcus aureus in 10 cases including all pretreated infants. In four of these cases, Gram stain showed the pathogen. After antimicrobial treatment, no recurrence was observed in any of the patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest that mastitis in early infancy should be treated with parenteral antibiotics guided by Gram stain when available and informative. Otherwise, β‐lactamase‐resistant antibiotics are a reasonable empirical initial treatment pending culture results. Optimizing the management of infants with mastitis is important especially since abscess formation requiring incision may be detrimental for later breast development.
Childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in the Nordic countries: Epidemiology and predictors of chronic disease
Authors: Zeller Bernward , Rajantie Jukka , Hedlund‐Treutiger Iris , Tedgård Ulf , Wesenberg Finn , Jonsson Olafur G , Henter Jan Inge , Rosthøj Steen 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To describe the epidemiology of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in the Nordic countries, to define clinical subgroups and to investigate factors predicting chronic disease. Methods: A prospective registration was done from 1998 to 2000, including all children with newly diagnosed ITP aged 0–14 y and at least one platelet count <30×109/l. Results: 506 children were registered and 423 followed for 6 mo. The incidence was 4.8/105 per year. Most children were aged 0–7 y (78%), with a predominance of boys, while patients aged 8–14 y had equal representation of the two sexes. There were seasonal variations determined by variations in postinfectious cases with sudden onset. The platelet count was <10×109/l in 58%, but bleeding manifestations were mild or moderate in 97%. The insidious form (symptoms for more than 2 wk) was more frequent in older children and girls, showed little seasonal variation, had milder manifestations and ran a chronic course in more than half the cases. Intracranial haemorrhages did not occur in the first 6 mo after diagnosis. Chronic ITP developed in 25%. The strongest predictor of chronic disease was insidious onset of symptoms (OR 5.97). Conclusion: In the Nordic countries, ITP mainly affects children aged 0–7 y, with a winter bulk of postinfectious cases superimposed on a steady occurrence of non‐infectious cases. Clinically, it may be useful to distinguish between children with sudden versus insidious onset of symptoms rather than between different age groups.
A randomized trial comparing oxygen delivery on intermittent positive pressure with nasal cannulae versus facial mask in neonatal primary resuscitation
Authors: Capasso Letizia , Capasso Antonio , Raimondi Francesco , Vendemmia Maria , Araimo Gabriella , Paludetto Roberto 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To compare, in a prospective clinical trial, oxygen delivery on intermittent positive pressure with nasal cannulae versus facial mask in primary resuscitation of the newborn with moderate asphyxia. Methods: 617 neonates with moderate asphyxia at birth were randomized: 303 were resuscitated by oxygen on intermittent positive pressure with nasal cannuale and 314 neonates by mask. Resuscitation followed the Neonatal Resuscitation Program guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 3rd edition. Results: Resuscitation through the nasal route less frequently requires chest compressions and intubations (26 neonates needed chest compression and 20 needed intubation out of 314 resuscitated by mask; five neonates needed chest compression and two needed intubation out of 303 resuscitated by nasal cannulae). Apgar scores, admission rates to neonatal intensive care units, air‐leak syndromes, birthweight, gestational age, use of prenatal steroids and deaths did not differ between groups. Conclusion: Oxygen delivery on intermittent positive pressure with nasal cannulae in primary resuscitation of the newborn with moderate asphyxia is a less aggressive and potentially advantageous alternative to the traditional oral route.
Exposure to tobacco smoke and infant crying
Authors: Reijneveld Sijmen A , Lanting Caren I , Crone Mathilde R , van Wouwe Jacobus P 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To examine the association of excessive infant crying with maternal smoking during and after pregnancy, paternal smoking, and smoking by other people in the living environment of the infant. Methods: We collected data on infant crying and smoking in a Dutch national sample of 5845 infants aged 0–3 mo (response 62.8%). We defined excessive crying as crying over 3 h a day on more than 3 d of the preceding week. Results: The prevalence rate of excessive crying was 4.0% (95% CI 3.5 to 4.5%). Excessive crying occurred more frequently among infants of fathers smoking 15+ cigarettes/d (odds ratio (OR) 1.99, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.86) and of mothers smoking 10+ cigarettes/d during pregnancy (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.42). Infants whose parents were heavy current smokers or whose mothers had been so during pregnancy had a 69% higher prevalence of excessive crying than infants of non‐smoking parents (rates: 6.3% and 3.7%, respectively; odds ratio 1.80; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.57). Conclusion: Parents stopping smoking may prevent excessive infant crying.
Home‐based therapy with ready‐to‐use therapeutic food is of benefit to malnourished, HIV‐infected Malawian children
Authors: Ndekha MJ , Manary MJ , Ashorn P , Briend A 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To determine if home‐based nutritional therapy will benefit a significant fraction of malnourished, HIV‐infected Malawian children, and to determine if ready‐to‐use therapeutic food (RUTF) is more effective in home‐based nutritional therapy than traditional foods. Methods: 93 HIV‐positive children >1 y old discharged from the nutrition unit in Blantyre, Malawi were systematically allocated to one of three dietary regimens: RUTF, RUTF supplement or blended maize/soy flour. RUTF and maize/soy flour provided 730 kJ·kg−1·d−1, while the RUTF supplement provided a fixed amount of energy, 2100 kJ/d. These children did not receive antiretroviral chemotherapy. Children were followed fortnightly. Children completed the study when they reached 100% weight‐for‐height, relapsed or died. Outcomes were compared using regression modeling to account for differences in the severity of malnutrition between the dietary groups. Results: 52/93 (56%) of all children reached 100% weight‐for‐height. Regression modeling found that the children receiving RUTF gained weight more rapidly and were more likely to reach 100% weight‐for‐height than the other two dietary groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: More than half of malnourished, HIV‐infected children not receiving antiretroviral chemotherapy benefit from home‐based nutritional rehabilitation. Home‐based therapy RUTF is associated with more rapid weight gain and a higher likelihood of reaching 100% weight‐for‐height.
Recurrent abdominal pain: A five‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Størdal Ketil , Nygaard Egil André , Bentsen Beint S 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTo explore the long‐term prognosis for children referred for recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), 44 children investigated for RAP 5 y ago were compared to a group of controls (n=88). The former RAP patients reported RAP, headache and school absence more frequently than controls. Conclusion: A high proportion of children referred with RAP have persistent symptoms, with more headache and school absence than controls. The diagnostic subgroup did not predict persistence of abdominal pain.
What is the yield from asking, at the end of the consultation, if there are any further questions? An obserational study
Authors: Lloyd BW 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: I set out to determine how often families, when invited, have further questions at the end of a general paediatric consultation and to determine the nature of such questions. Results: Over a 2½‐y period, there were 64 further questions arising from a total of 477 consultations (13%). Conclusions: Inviting questions is worthwhile; two‐thirds of the responses provided evidence that there had been suboptimal communication during the consultation.
Extensive cervical spinal cord lesion with late foetal presentation
Authors: Hedderly T , Chalmers S , Fox G , Hughes E 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNeonatal cervical spinal cord injury occurring in the perinatal period is rare but has been described after both traumatic and atraumatic birth. Recently, a case of atraumatic, late third trimester, pre‐labour presentation has been described. We report a second such case, but with important diagnostic differences and outcome. Conclusion: This case showed loss of foetal movements late in the third trimester. This was secondary to an extensive cervical lesion with no history of trauma. This emphasizes the need to consider cervical cord lesions when foetal or postnatal movements are reduced, even in the absence of trauma.