bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le Commentaire sur les Psaumes de Nicétas David (début du 10e siècle). Une œuvre inconnue dans un manuscrit de la Bibliothèque de Leyde
Authors: Dorival Gilles 
Published: January 2011

REB 39 1981 France p. 251-300
G. Dorival, Le Commentaire sur les Psaumes de Nicétas David (début du 10e siècle). — L'auteur a découvert dans un manuscrit de Leyde (Hollande) un Commentaire sur les Psaumes inconnu, attribué à Nicétas David ; ce Commentaire peut être daté des premières années du 10e siècle; il est fortement influencé par la tradition patristique de l'exégèse spirituelle; il met en œuvre des méthodes scolaires bien attestées dans toute l'Antiquité tardive ; il présente des thèmes byzantins caractéristiques, ainsi la critique de la musique instrumentale. Il est écrit sous le double patronage du Pseudo-Denys et de Basile de Césarée. Son originalité consiste dans sa thématique et dans une innovation, la parénèse éthique, qui permet de fusionner le genre de l'hypomnèma avec le genre de l'homélie. Nicétas David doit sans doute être identifié avec Nicétas le Paphlagonien, l'ami d'Aréthas. L'auteur édite et traduit l'argument qui inaugure le Commentaire, ainsi que le commentaire sur le psaume 1. Deux index complètent l'édition.
The Date of a Circus Dialogue
Authors: Baldwin Barry 
Published: January 2011

REB 39 1981 France p. 301-306
B. Baldwin, The Date of a Circus Dialogue. — This dialogue, the so-called Acclamations against Calopodius, preserved by Theophanes, is attached by the latter, and by most modern scholars, to the Nika Revolt. For historical and prosopographical reasons, the author concludes that the dialogue probably belongs to the later years of Justinian's reign, some time between 547 and 565.
Un décret d'Isaac II Angélos
Authors: Darrouzès Jean 
Published: January 2011

REB 40 1982 France p. 135-155
J. Darrouzes, Un décret d'Isaac II Angeles. — Le Mutinensis 240 contient un prostagma, dont il est l'unique témoin et que l'on a supposé être une taxis des métropoles (notifia). Le décret concerne en réalité la préservation des biens patrimoniaux des évêques après leur décès ; il adopte une forme assez insolite en reproduisant trois décrets antérieurs sur le même sujet. Après une brève introduction le texte est édité et traduit.
Pachymeriana quaedam
Authors: Failler Albert 
Published: January 2011

REB 40 1982 France p. 187-199
A. Failler, Pachymeriana quaedam. — Quatre problèmes posés par autant de passages de l'Histoire de Georges Pachymère sont examinés successivement : 1. La parenté de Jean IV Laskaris avec Michel VIII Palaiologos et avec sa femme Theodora (Jean IV Laskaris était le petit-cousin de Theodora Doukaina et le fils du petit-cousin de Michel Palaiologos) ; 2. La comète de 1264 (l'historien décrit correctement la trajectoire de la comète) ; 3. Mésèmbria ou Mésembreia (à propos des deux graphies de ce toponyme) ; 4. Kéraméas d'Achrida (l'ancien archevêque d'Achrida doit être identifié avec Théodore Kéraméas, dont le testament, signé en avril 1284, est conservé au monastère athonite de Lavra).
L'enregistrement du chrysobulle de 1192 aux Pisans
Authors: Otten-Froux Catherine 
Published: January 2011

REB 42 1984 France p. 241-248
Catherine Otten-Froux, L'enregistrement du chrysobulle de 1192 aux Pisans. — Édition des notices situées au dos de la version grecque du chrysobulle émis en février 1111 par Alexis Ier Comnène au bénéfice des Pisans. Il s'agit des marques de collage comportant la signature du logothète du drome Dèmètrios Tornikès et la date, février 1111, et des marques d'enregistrement portées en mai 1111 par l'administration des finances, c'est-à- dire par le bureau du génikon et celui du mégas sakellarios ; le nom d'un seul fonctionnaire, Théodoros Promountènos, apparaît en face des deux bureaux.
Toparque, tep'ci (topotèrètès) et dad en Croatie au 11e siècle
Authors: Margetić Lujo 
Published: January 2011

REB 44 1986 France p. 257-262
L. Margetic, Toparque, tep'ci (topotèrètès) et dad en Croatie au 11e siècle. — L'auteur étudie la position juridique de Dobronas, un toparque de Dalmatie connu par le récit de Kékauménos ; il montre qu'il s'agit d'un roi du royaume de Croatie, dont le centre se trouvait aux environs de Jader et de Salona. En outre, l'auteur étudie deux titres de fonctionnaires du royaume croate au 11e siècle : le tep'ci, qui n'est qu'une distorsion du titre byzantin de topotèrètès ; le dad, qu'on peut étymologiquement rapprocher du duddus bénéventain.
Trois particularités syntaxiques chez Georges Pachymérès
Authors: Failler Albert 
Published: January 2011

REB 45 1987 France p. 183-197
A. Failler, Trois particularités syntaxiques chez Georges Pachymérès. — Georges Pachymérès a écrit un ouvrage d'histoire dans le style de la rhétorique. Trois particularités syntaxiques de ce style recherché sont examinées dans l'article : 1. Proposition infinitive en construction indépendante ; 2. Proposition non dépendante introduite par μή καί ; 3. Protase sans apodose. Si la deuxième et la troisième forme sont régulières malgré leur rareté dans les textes, la première pose au contraire un problème d'interprétation, dont la solution n'apparaît pas de manière évidente.
The Megala Allagia and the Tzaousios : Aspects of Provincial Military Organization in Late Byzantium
Authors: Bartusis Mark C. 
Published: January 2011

REB 47 1989 France p. 183-207
M.C. Bartusis, The Megala Allagia and the Tzaousios : Aspects of Provincial Military Organization in Late Byzantium. — After a survey of the use of the word allagion in the 13-15th centuries, the author argues that the Thessalonikaion, Serriotikon and Vizyetikon megala allagia were military units that included various types of soldiers and operated within large quasi-thematic regions during the second half of the 13th and first half of the 14th century. Further, the role of the tzaousios within a mega allagion is examined.
Un ouvrage méconnu de Maurice David sur la chronologie de Georges Pachymérès
Authors: Failler Albert 
Published: January 2011

REB 48 1990 France p. 247-253
A. Failler, Un ouvrage méconnu de Maurice David sur la chronologie de Georges Pachymérès. — Paru à Dijon en 1679, un opuscule de Maurice David (Animadversiones in observationes chronologicas B.P. P. Possini ... ad Pachymerem) rectifie, sur plusieurs points importants, la chronologie établie par P. Poussines dans la première édition de l'Histoire de Georges Pachymérès, dont les deux volumes furent publiés en 1666 et 1669. Cet opuscule, qui a été ignoré par les historiens des siècles suivants, mérite mention.
A2B Adenosine Receptor Blockade Enhances Macrophage-Mediated Bacterial Phagocytosis and Improves Polymicrobial Sepsis Survival in Mice
Authors: Belikoff Bryan G. , Hatfield Stephen , Georgiev Peter , Ohta Akio , Lukashev Dmitriy , Buras Jon A. , Remick Daniel G. , Sitkovsky Michail 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAntimicrobial treatment strategies must improve to reduce the high mortality rates in septic patients. In noninfectious models of acute inflammation, activation of A2B adenosine receptors (A2BR) in extracellular adenosine-rich microenvironments causes immunosuppression. We examined A2BR in antibacterial responses in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis. Antagonism of A2BR significantly increased survival, enhanced bacterial phagocytosis, and decreased IL-6 and MIP-2 (a CXC chemokine) levels after CLP in outbred (ICR/CD-1) mice. During the CLP-induced septic response in A2BR knockout mice, hemodynamic parameters were improved compared with wild-type mice in addition to better survival and decreased plasma IL-6 levels. A2BR deficiency resulted in a dramatic 4-log reduction in peritoneal bacteria. The mechanism of these improvements was due to enhanced macrophage phagocytic activity without augmenting neutrophil phagocytosis of bacteria. Following ex vivo LPS stimulation, septic macrophages from A2BR knockout mice had increased IL-6 and TNF-α secretion compared with wild-type mice. A therapeutic intervention with A2BR blockade was studied by using a plasma biomarker to direct therapy to those mice predicted to die. Pharmacological blockade of A2BR even 32 h after the onset of sepsis increased survival by 65% in those mice predicted to die. Thus, even the late treatment with an A2BR antagonist significantly improved survival of mice (ICR/CD-1) that were otherwise determined to die according to plasma IL-6 levels. Our findings of enhanced bacterial clearance and host survival suggest that antagonism of A2BRs offers a therapeutic target to improve macrophage function in a late treatment protocol that improves sepsis survival.
Presentation of Acquired Peptide-MHC Class II Ligands by CD4+ Regulatory T Cells or Helper Cells Differentially Regulates Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cell Response
Authors: Zhou Gang , Ding Zhi-Chun , Fu Jie , Levitsky Hyam I. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Activated T cells can acquire membrane molecules from APCs through a process termed trogocytosis. The functional consequence of this event has been a subject of debate. Focusing on transfer of peptide-MHC class II (MHC-II) complexes from APCs to CD4+ T cells after activation, in this study we investigated the molecule acquisition potential of naturally occurring regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD4+ Th cells. We show that acquisition of membrane molecules from APCs is an inherent feature of CD4+ T cell activation. Triggering of the TCR enables CD4+ T cells to acquire their agonist ligands as well as other irrelevant membrane molecules from the interacting APCs or bystander cells in a contact-dependent manner. Notably, trogocytosis is a continuous process during cell cycle progression, and Th cells and Tregs have comparable capacity for trogocytosis both in vitro and in vivo. The captured peptide–MHC-II molecules, residing in sequestered foci on the host cell surface, endow the host cells with Ag-presenting capability. Presentation of acquired peptide–MHC-II ligands by Th cells or Tregs has either stimulatory or regulatory effect on naive CD4+ T cells, respectively. Furthermore, Th cells with captured peptide–MHC-II molecules become effector cells that manifest better recall responses, and Tregs with captured ligands exhibit enhanced suppression activity. These findings implicate trogocytosis in different subsets of CD4+ T cells as an intrinsic mechanism for the fine tuning of Ag-specific CD4+ T cell response.
Ion Transport across Nonexcitable Membranes
Authors: Reuss Luis 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Membrane transport proteins can perform either active or passive ion transport. Active transport, in the absence or against the prevailing electrochemical gradient, can be either primary (ion pumps such as ATPases) or secondary (carriers performing cotransport or exchange). Passive transport of ions, down the electrochemical gradient, is largely mediated by ion channels. In a cell in the steady state, plasma‐membrane active and passive transport processes result in equal and opposite ion fluxes. The ion gradients generate an electrical potential difference (membrane voltage) across the cell membrane because the latter exhibits selective ionic permeability. The resting membrane potential in most cells is largely determined by the K
+
equilibrium potential, with the cell being negative to the extracellular solution. Ion channels participate in numerous cell functions and their mutations can result in diseases whose manifestations depend on the organs and systems in which these proteins are expressed.

Key Concepts:

The difference in composition between intracellular and extracellular fluids depends on the
barrier
and
transport
functions of the plasma membrane.

Transport across the plasma membrane can be by
solubility‐diffusion
(via the lipid bilayer) or
mediated
(via membrane proteins). Ion transport is mediated via membrane proteins (channels, carriers or pumps).

The differences in ion concentrations across the plasma membrane determine the membrane potential difference (membrane voltage), according to the magnitude of the concentration gradients and the ion permeability.

Active transport is thermodynamically uphill (in the absence of or against the electrochemical gradient). It can be primary (pumps), for example, driven by ATP hydrolysis, or secondary (carriers), driven by the electrochemical gradient for one of the substrates.

Passive transport can occur by solubility‐diffusion via the lipid bilayer or be mediated by carriers or channels. In the case of ions passive transport is largely via channels.

The ion current through channels of one kind depends on the number of channels per cell or unit surface area, their open probability, their conductance and the electrochemical driving force.

Ion channels are classified by their selectivity to ions. The most important ion channels expressed on the plasma membrane of nonexcitable cells are selective for K
+
, Na
+
, Ca
2+
, H
+
, Cl
−
, cations or anions.

Numerous genetic diseases of ion channels have been identified. They involve gain‐ or loss‐of‐function mutations that alter the function of one or more organs.
Numerical Chromosomal Aberrations in Human Diseases
Authors: Storchova Zuzana 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Numerical aberrations (whole chromosomal aneuploidy) represent a significant proportion of chromosomal changes found in humans. These aberrations can occur as a consequence of chromosome segregation defects during cell division. Segregation errors arising during reductive cell division, or meiosis, are upon fertilisation and subsequent embryo development constitutively present in all cells, resulting in whole organismal aneuploidy. Missegregation in mitosis leads to a mosaic distribution of aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is associated with pathological states in most organisms. Numerical aberrations represent a significant cause of pregnancy loss as well as abnormalities found in live births. Moreover, numerical aberrations are frequently found in ageing tissues or in tumour cells. Although the association of aneuploidy and cancer is known for almost a century, the dispute is still ongoing whether this is a cause or a consequence of cell transformation. Recently, new evidence is emerging that numerical aberrations significantly alter the physiology of eukaryotic cells and might indeed directly contribute to tumorigenesis.

Key Concepts:

Numerical chromosomal aberrations result from errors in chromosome segregations.

Trisomy, monosomy and polyploidy are among the major causes of spontaneous human abortions.

Trisomies compatible with survival often result in multiple defects.

Numerical chromosomal aberrations significantly alter physiology of eukaryotic cells.

Numerical chromosomal aberrations are frequently found in cancer cells and can contribute to tumorigenesis.
Animal Cell Separation and Subcellular Fractionation
Authors: Bird R Curtis , Bird Allison E Church , DeInnocentes Patricia 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCell populations isolated from tissues or from blood are remarkably complex containing many different types that can be dissociated and separated based on cell phenotype. Sorting and separation strategies differ widely as do the resulting cell populations in terms of both parameters upon which the sort is based and sample purity. Separation strategies can be simple or complex and based on culture characteristics or gene expression profiles. Each cell population itself contains many functionally different subcellular compartments that can also be selectively fractionated into subcellular components. Fractionation strategies must be tailored to provide the highest quality enrichment of the fraction of cells, organelles or complexes sought and after careful assessment of the target cell or molecule and the uses to which the final enriched fraction will be put.Key Concepts:Complex populations of cells from tissues or blood can be liberated and then sorted or separated for culture or subcellular fractionation.Sorted cell populations can be fractionated into organelle compartments based on differential use of dilute detergents and differential centrifugation.Sorted cell populations can be fractionated into functional subcellular compartments based on affinity of different molecules for the membrane and fibre systems within cells.Careful evaluation of the purity and authenticity of each cell and molecular fraction is required before use or biological evaluation.
Adaptive Gene Loss in Vertebrates: Photosensitivity as a Model Case
Authors: Davies Wayne L 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Current evolutionary thinking aims to amalgamate the conjectures first set out in Darwin's
The Origin of Species
with modern genetics to form a unified theory of phylogenetic change that explains the mechanisms mediating the diversity of life. With the advent of molecular biology, it has been shown that the mechanics of evolution fundamentally exert their effect at the molecular level and any genetic modification ultimately becomes fixed in the host genome if the resultant phenotype allows an organism to become better adapted to its ecology. The vertebrate colour visual sensory system, and the photopigment genes that form the first step in light detection, represents an ideal model to illustrate the influence of evolution at a molecular level, which through gene loss, duplication and genome rearrangement may allow an organism to adapt to an ever changing (and spectrally unique) environment.

Key Concepts:

Modern evolutionary thought seeks to amalgamate a multitude of scientific disciplines to produce a unified theory of phylogenesis.

Evolution fundamentally exerts its influence at the molecular level of genomes, genes, RNAs and proteins.

Evolutionary mechanic is a continuous process and specific genetic changes become selectively fixed if the resultant phenotype allows an organism to be better suited to a particular environment.

Adaptive evolution is the result of an ongoing interaction between an organism's physiology, its drive to survive and reproduce and its immediate ecology.

The mechanisms that mediate molecular adaptation have permitted the multiplicity of ecological niches to be colonised by a myriad of diverse life forms.

Sophisticated sensory systems ultimately form the interface that mediates the complex interactions between organisms and varied environments.

The vertebrate visual system is a model case for determining the mechanics of adaptive evolution.

In addition to gene duplication, genome rearrangement and genetic drift, gene loss is a major player in shaping the genetic substrate on which molecular adaptation may act.
Theory of Organocopper‐Mediated Reactions
Authors: Nakamura Eiichi , Yoshikai Naohiko 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIntroductionStructure and Reactivity of Organocopper CompoundsConjugate Addition versusSN2 Alkylation ReactionsAllylation, Alkenylation and Acylation ReactionsEffect ofLewis Acid andLewis BaseConcluding Remarks
Structural Organocopper Chemistry
Authors: van Koten Gerard , Jastrzebski Johann T. B. H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIntroductionAlkyl‐ and Arylcopper(I) CompoundsOrganocopper(I) Copper(I)‐XAggregates (X = Monoanionic Group)Cyclopentadienylcopper(I) CompoundsCopper Carborane CompoundsCopper(I) AcetylidesOrganocupratesOrganocopper(II) and Organocopper(III) CompoundsCopper Carbene ComplexesConclusions
Improvement of NiTi Shape Memory Actuator Performance Through Ultra‐Fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Microstructures
Authors: Frenzel Jan , Burow Juri A. , Payton Eric J. , Rezanka Stefan , Eggeler Gunther 
Published: January 2011

AbstractUltra‐fine grain sizes have been shown to enhance some key mechanical and functional properties of engineering materials, including shape memory alloys. While the effect of ultra‐fine and nanocrystalline grain sizes on pseudoelastic shape memory materials is well‐appreciated in medical device engineering, the effect of such microstructures on actuators has not been sufficiently characterized. In the present work, it is demonstrated that NiTi spring actuators with ultra‐fine grained microstructures can be obtained by conventional wire drawing in combination with heat treatments and that the final grain size can be controlled by varying the final annealing temperature. Annealing at 400 °C for 600 s allows for the evolution of microstructures with median grain sizes of about 34 nm, while annealing at 600 °C for the same length of time results in median grain sizes of about 5 µm. It is observed that the grain size strongly affects the elementary processes of the martensitic phase transformation. Small austenite grain sizes inhibit twinning accommodation of transformation strains, such that a higher driving force is required to nucleate martensite. This increase in the martensite nucleation barrier decreases the martensite transformation temperatures such that only partial transformation to martensite is possible upon cooling to room temperature. The incomplete martensitic transformation reduces the exploitable actuator stroke; however, a reduction in grain size is shown to improve the functional stability of the material during thermal and thermomechanical cycling by reducing the irreversible effects of dislocation plasticity.
Highly Bioactive 8 nm Hydrothermal TiO2Nanotubes Elicit Enhanced Bone Cell Response
Authors: Brammer Karla S. , Kim Hyunsu , Noh Kunbae , Loya Mariana , Frandsen Christine J. , Chen Li‐han , Connelly Laura S. , Jin Sungho 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe TiO2passivation layer on the Ti surface has positive bone‐interface qualities including bioactivity and chemical composition that aids in the integration of orthopedic implants, known as osseointegration. New research designs have focused on the topographic structure of the TiO2oxide layer with a large surface area for optimizing osseointegration properties for improved implant performance. We have utilized a hydrothermal process to further refine the TiO2structure to an 8 nm diameter nanotube geometry and evaluated its effect on bone cell growth. Interestingly these small diameter TiO2nanotubes, unlike the anodized TiO2nanotubes, exhibit mostly multiwalled nanotube configuration with about 2–6 parallel walls along the length of the elongated nanotubes. It has been found that these multiwall nanotubes significantly enhance osteoblast cell response compared to unmodified, control Ti. The nanotube structure provided significantly up‐regulated bone forming ability with ≈ 2–3 fold increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity levels, and induced the formation of abundant amounts of bone matrix deposition predominantly consisting of calcium and phosphorous. Biomedical implications of such bone cell and nanotube interface behavior on bone formation and bone bonding of titanium implants are discussed.
Enhanced Photostability of Fluoroquinolone Antibacterials Capped on Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Giuffrida Salvatore , Sortino Salvatore 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe photolabile and phototoxic fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibacterial drugs norfloxacin and rufloxacin have been used as capping agents for 25 nm Ag nanoparticles, exploiting the noncovalent interaction between the cationic piperazinyl ring of both FQs and the negatively charged metal surface. The resulting FQ‐protected silver nanoclusters (Ag@FQs), ca. 80 nm in diameter, are dispersible in phosphate buffer at physiological pH and their response to light excitation has been studied by steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopic and photochemical techniques. The fluorescence emission of the FQs chromophores is not extensively quenched in the Ag@FQs. In contrast, both Ag@FQs exhibit a photochemical stability more than one order of magnitude larger than that of the free drugs. This is the result of significant and differentiated quenching effects by the Ag surface on the kinetic and population of the excited triplet states of FQs, which are the key intermediate in the drugs photodecomposition. In view of the well‐known antimicrobial properties of the Ag nanoparticles, the Ag@FQs could represent intriguing nanohybrids in the perspective multifunctional nanodrugs.