bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicomponent Click Reaction: An Indispensable Tool for Easy Access of Functionalized 1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Yadav Mangal S. , Rajkhowa Sanchayita , Singh Sumit K. , Jaiswal Manoj K. , Tiwari Vinod K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMulticomponent reactions are operationally simple and display a significant role in diverse chemical modification by reducing reaction times as well as additional steps involved. In this review, we highlighted the impact of multi‐component reactions in assistance with modular Click chemistry to develop a library of triazole‐appended scaffolds including 1,2,3‐triazole‐fused heterocycles, glycoconjugates, macrocycles as well as in the combinatorial synthesis of differently functionalized triazoles along with mechanistic insights with a diverse range of applications in the field of medicinal chemistry.
Microwave‐Assisted Catalyst‐Free Conjugate Addition of Amines to Maleimide
Authors: Bharodiya Akshay , Desai Bhargav , Desai Bhavyesh , Sivaih Areti , Begari Eeshwaraiah , Naveen Togati 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA catalyst‐free approach has been introduced for the conjugate addition of aromatic amine nucleophiles to α, β‐unsaturated N‐methyl maleimide under microwave irradiation by utilizing water as a promoter. Catalyst‐free, environmentally friendly, short‐reaction time, green solvent, and mild reaction conditions are the advantages of this protocol. This reaction provided good to excellent yields with aromatic anilines as nucleophiles. The benefits of this reaction align with the principles of green and sustainable synthetic chemistry, making it widely applicable in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry.
A Novel Potentiometric Coated Wire Sensor Based on Functionalized Polymeric CaO/ZnO Nanocomposite Synthesized by Lavandula Spica Mediated Extract for Terbinafine Determination
Authors: Alterary Seham S. , Mostafa Gamal A. E. , El‐Tohamy Maha F. , Elhadi Athar M. , AlRabiah Haitham 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe unique properties of calcium oxide (CaO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) at the nanoscale have attracted the interest of scientists as promising electrically conductive substances for sensing purposes. The content of terbinafine hydrochloride (TRF) in pharmaceutical tablets was determined using a novel coated, wire‐functionalized CaO/ZnO nanocomposite membrane sensor biogenically produced from Lavandula spica extract. Sodium tetraphenylborate was used to prepare the active material (TRF‐TBP). The newly modified sensor gave excellent potentiometric sensitivity with the least squares regression equation EmV=(−58.88X±0.3)+log [TRF]+549.78 and covered a wide linear range (5.0×10−9–1.0×10−2 mol/L) of TRF samples. In contrast, the standard TRF‐TBP sensor wasn't as sensitive when (2.5×10−6–1.0×10−2 mol/L). TRF solutions with regression equation of (−55.728X±0.7)+log [TRF]+396.64. The appropriate pH range was 3–6. The principles of analytical methodology were applied to investigate the validity and suitability of the proposed technique. The proposed sensors were found to be suitable and efficient for the detection of TRF on tablets.
Multi‐Interface Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Material Based on Liquid Marble Microstructures Anchored to SEBS
Authors: Xiao Yuting , Chen Geng , Shi Bin , Chang Qing , Zhang Limin , Wu Hongjing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe direct application of liquid marbles in electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption is challenging due to their poor stability, susceptibility to gravitational collapse, and shaping difficulties. To address this issue, a novel strategy is proposed to incorporate liquid marble microstructures (NaCl/nano‐SiO2) encapsulated in organic phases (Octadecane) into the rubber‐matrix (SEBS) using the ultrasound‐assisted emulsion blending method. The resulting NaCl/SiO2/Octadecane microstructures anchored to SEBS offer a substantial solid–liquid interface consisting of NaCl solution and SiO2. When subjected to an alternating electromagnetic (EM) field, the water molecules and polysorbate within SiO2 exhibit heightened responsiveness to the EM field, and the movement of Na+ and Cl− within these microstructures leads to their accumulation at the solid–liquid interface, creating an asymmetric ion distribution. This phenomenon facilitates enhanced interfacial polarization, thereby contributing to the material's EMW absorption properties. Notably, the latex with 16 wt% SEBS (E‐3), exhibiting a surface morphology similar to human cell tissues, achieves complete absorption of X‐band (fE = 4.20 GHz, RLmin = −33.87 dB). Moreover, the latex demonstrates light density (0.78 g cm−3) and environmental stability. This study not only highlights the predominant loss mechanism in rubber‐based wave‐absorbing materials but also provides valuable insights into the design of multifunctional wave‐absorbing materials.
Synapse Neurotransmitter Channel‐Inspired AlOx Memristor with “V” Type Oxygen Vacancy Distribution
Authors: Yue Junlin , Zou Lanqing , Bai Na , Zhu Chuqian , Yi Yunhui , Xue Fan , Sun Huajun , Hu Shane , Cheng Weiming , He Qiang , Lu Hong , Ye Lei , Miao Xiangshui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMemristor possesses great potential and advantages in neuromorphic computing, while consistency and power consumption issues have been hindering its commercialization. Low cost and accuracy are the advantages of human brain, so memristors can be used to construct brain‐like synaptic devices to solve these problems. In this work, a five‐layer AlOx device with a V‐shaped oxygen distribution is used to simulate biological synapses. The device simulates synapse structurally. Further, under electrical stimulation, O2− moves to the Ti electrode and oxygen vacancy (Vo) moves to the Pt electrode, thus forming a conductive filament (CF), which simulates the Ca2+ flow and releases neurotransmitters to the postsynaptic membrane, thus realizing the transmission of information. By controlling applied voltage, the regulation of Ca2+ gated pathway is realized to control the Ca2+ internal flow and achieve different degrees of information transmission. Long‐term Potentiation (LTP)/Long‐term Depression (LTD), Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP), these basic synaptic performances can be simulated. The AlOx device realizes low power consumption (56.7 pJ/392 fJ), high switching speed (25 ns/60 ns), and by adjusting the window value, the nonlinearity is improved (0.133/0.084), a high recognition accuracy (98.18%) is obtained in neuromorphic simulation. It shows a great prospect in multi‐value storage and neuromorphic computing.
Certificate‐of‐Need laws in healthcare: A comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Mitchell Matthew D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCertificate‐of‐Need (CON) laws limit the supply of healthcare services in about two‐thirds of U.S. states. The regulations require those who wish to open or expand their facilities to first prove that their services are needed. Once encouraged by the federal government, Congress eliminated the inducement in the 1980s and since then several states have either pared their CON programs back or eliminated them altogether. To date, there have been 128 academic assessments of CON laws and together these papers contain over 450 tests. In this paper, I review this literature, organizing the results around the most common rationales for CON laws. The accumulated evidence is overwhelming that CON laws do not achieve their purpose. Instead, the balance of evidence suggests that these regulations increase spending, reduce access to care, undermine quality, and fail to ensure care for underserved populations.
Ultrasound assessment of the gravid cervix to assess for risk of spontaneous preterm birth: Introducing an evidence‐based clinical guideline for sonographers
Authors: Thoirs Kerry , O'Hara Sandra , Quinton Ann , Coombs Peter , Srayko Sarah , Spurway Jaqueline , Pedretti Michelle , Parange Nayana , Kinnane Paula , O'Brien Sophie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article introduces a new evidence‐based clinical practice guideline (CPG) for sonographers; Ultrasound assessment of the gravid cervix to assess for risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). The purpose of this new CPG is to provide evidence‐based guidance for sonographers in Australia and New Zealand when making decisions on how and when they should sonographically assess the cervix in the gravid patient. Clinical questions relevant to the sonographic assessment of the gravid cervix were developed to inform the CPG. The primary sources to answer the clinical questions were relevant, existing CPGs. Recommendations in these existing CPGs were appraised for the level of evidence on which they were based and adapted for use in the new CPG. New recommendations were adapted from 19 existing CPGs rated as being based on best evidence and were applicable to three specific patient groups, each at different risk for sPTB. ‘How to Guidance’, statements about safety, acceptability, feasibility of ultrasound techniques, sonographer training and supplementary material were also developed using information from existing CPGs, relevant literature and the clinical experience of clinical guideline group members. The CPG recommendations, ‘how to guides’ and areas of future research are presented in this article. The full guideline and its supplementary materials are available at https://www.sonographers.org/resources-tools/clinical-guidance.
Fluorinated Azobenzenes in UiO‐66: Unveiling Unprecedented Photoswitching Stability and Efficiency in Azobenzene‐Based Switch@MOF Systems
Authors: Rödl Markus , Küssner Kira , Schwartz Heidi A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the interactions between hosts and guests in two‐component systems remains a formidable challenge due to the diverse array of adjusting factors at play. Particularly intriguing within the realm of two‐component systems are those incorporating a photoswitchable molecule within a porous metal‐organic framework (MOF) host. In such configurations, the non‐covalently attached guest molecule undergoes distinct physicochemical changes influenced by factors like guest structure, guest density, and the shape of the MOF pores. In this study, fluorinated azobenzenes (Fx‐AZB) were introduced into the rigid UiO‐66 host, and the resulting optical properties were examined with a focus on the degree of fluorination. The photoisomers of all examined compounds exhibited remarkable stability under repetitive light exposure, showing no signs of fatigue. Moreover, both photoisomers remained stable at room temperature, defying the typical T‐type photochromism associated with azobenzenes. Most notably, all fluorinated azobenzene derivatives displayed nearly complete photoswitching upon exposure to visible light within the UiO‐66 MOF host. This positions these composite materials as leaders in the realm of azobenzene‐based switch@MOF systems.
Pole-skipping and chaos in hot$$\mathcal{M}{\text{QCD}}$$
Authors: Yadav Gopal , Kushwah Shivam Singh , Misra Aalok 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We address the question of whether thermal QCD at high temperature is chaotic from the $$\mathcal{M}$$ theory dual of QCD-like theories at intermediate coupling as constructed in [1]. The equations of motion of the gauge-invariant combination Zs(r) of scalar metric perturbations is shown to possess an irregular singular point at the horizon radius rh. Very interestingly, at a specific value of the imaginary frequency and momentum used to read off the analogs of the “Lyapunov exponent” λL and “butterfly velocity” vb not only does rh become a regular singular point, but truncating the incoming mode solution of Zs(r) as a power series around rh, yields a “missing pole”, i.e., Cn,n+1 = 0, det M(n) = 0, n ∈ $${\mathbb{Z}}^{+}$$ is satisfied for a single n ≥ 3 depending on the values of the string coupling gs, number of (fractional) D3 branes (M)N and flavor D7-branes Nf in the parent type IIB set [2], e.g., for the QCD(EW-scale)-inspired N = 100, M = Nf = 3, gs = 0.1, one finds a missing pole at n = 3. For integral n > 3, truncating Zs(r) at $$\mathcal{O}\left({\left(r-{r}_{h}\right)}^{n}\right)$$, yields Cn,n+1 = 0 at order n, ∀n ≥ 3. Incredibly, (assuming preservation of isotropy in $${\mathbb{R}}^{3}$$ even with the inclusion of higher derivative corrections) the aforementioned gauge-invariant combination of scalar metric perturbations receives no $$\mathcal{O}\left({R}^{4}\right)$$ corrections. Hence, (the aforementioned analogs of) λL, vb are unrenormalized up to $$\mathcal{O}\left({R}^{4}\right)$$ in $$\mathcal{M}$$ theory.
A bootstrap study of minimal model deformations
Authors: Antunes António , Lauria Edoardo , van Rees Balt C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
For QFTs in AdS the boundary correlation functions remain conformal even if the bulk theory has a scale. This allows one to constrain RG flows with numerical conformal bootstrap methods. We apply this idea to flows between two-dimensional CFTs, focusing on deformations of the tricritical and ordinary Ising model. We provide non-perturbative constraints for the boundary correlation functions of these flows and compare them with conformal perturbation theory in the vicinity of the fixed points. We also reproduce a completely general constraint on the sign of the $$T\overline{T }$$ deformation in two dimensions.
PRDM14 extinction enables the initiation of trophoblast stem cell formation
Authors: Xu Chunfang , Zhao Weijie , Peng Lijin , Yin Tingxuan , Guo Jiani , Li Yue , Liu Lu , Yang Jinying , Xu Congjian , Du Meirong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTrophoblast stem cells (TSCs) can be chemically converted from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro. Although several transcription factors (TFs) have been recognized as essential for TSC formation, it remains unclear how differentiation cues link elimination of stemness with the establishment of TSC identity. Here, we show that PRDM14, a critical pluripotent circuitry component, is reduced during the formation of TSCs. The reduction is further shown to be due to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The extinction of PRDM14 results in the erasure of H3K27me3 marks and chromatin opening in the gene loci of TSC TFs, including GATA3 and TFAP2C, which enables their expression and thus the initiation of the TSC formation process. Accordingly, PRDM14 reduction is proposed here as a critical event that couples elimination of stemness with the initiation of TSC formation. The present study provides novel insights into how induction signals initiate TSC formation.
Physiological and pathological functions of TMEM106B in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Zhu Min , Zhang Guoxin , Meng Lanxia , Xiao Tingting , Fang Xin , Zhang Zhentao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs an integral lysosomal transmembrane protein, transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B) regulates several aspects of lysosomal function and is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The TMEM106B gene mutations lead to lysosomal dysfunction and accelerate the pathological progression of Neurodegenerative diseases. Yet, the precise mechanism of TMEM106B in Neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear. Recently, different research teams discovered that TMEM106B is an amyloid protein and the C-terminal domain of TMEM106B forms amyloid fibrils in various Neurodegenerative diseases and normally elderly individuals. In this review, we discussed the physiological functions of TMEM106B. We also included TMEM106B gene mutations that cause neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we summarized the identification and cryo-electronic microscopic structure of TMEM106B fibrils, and discussed the promising therapeutic strategies aimed at TMEM106B fibrils and the future directions for TMEM106B research in neurodegenerative diseases.
Determinants of plasma levels of proglucagon and the metabolic impact of glucagon receptor signalling: a UK Biobank study
Authors: Winther-Sørensen Marie , Garcia Sara L. , Bartholdy Andreas , Ottenheijm Maud E. , Banasik Karina , Brunak Søren , Sørensen Charlotte M. , Gluud Lise Lotte , Knop Filip K. , Holst Jens J. , Rosenkilde Mette M. , Jensen Majken K. , Wewer Albrechtsen Nicolai J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypotheses
Glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are derived from the same precursor; proglucagon, and dual agonists of their receptors are currently being explored for the treatment of obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Elevated levels of endogenous glucagon (hyperglucagonaemia) have been linked with hyperglycaemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes but are also observed in individuals with obesity and MASLD. GLP-1 levels have been reported to be largely unaffected or even reduced in similar conditions. We investigated potential determinants of plasma proglucagon and associations of glucagon receptor signalling with metabolic diseases based on data from the UK Biobank.

Methods
We used exome sequencing data from the UK Biobank for ~410,000 white participants to identify glucagon receptor variants and grouped them based on their known or predicted signalling. Data on plasma levels of proglucagon estimated using Olink technology were available for a subset of the cohort (~40,000). We determined associations of glucagon receptor variants and proglucagon with BMI, type 2 diabetes and liver fat (quantified by liver MRI) and performed survival analyses to investigate if elevated proglucagon predicts type 2 diabetes development.

Results
Obesity, MASLD and type 2 diabetes were associated with elevated plasma levels of proglucagon independently of each other. Baseline proglucagon levels were associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes development over a 14 year follow-up period (HR 1.13; 95% CI 1.09, 1.17; n=1562; p=1.3×10−12). This association was of the same magnitude across strata of BMI. Carriers of glucagon receptor variants with reduced cAMP signalling had elevated levels of proglucagon (β 0.847; 95% CI 0.04, 1.66; n=17; p=0.04), and carriers of variants with a predicted frameshift mutation had higher levels of liver fat compared with the wild-type reference group (β 0.504; 95% CI 0.03, 0.98; n=11; p=0.04).

Conclusions/interpretation
Our findings support the suggestion that glucagon receptor signalling is involved in MASLD, that plasma levels of proglucagon are linked to the risk of type 2 diabetes development, and that proglucagon levels are influenced by genetic variation in the glucagon receptor, obesity, type 2 diabetes and MASLD. Determining the molecular signalling pathways downstream of glucagon receptor activation may guide the development of biased GLP-1/glucagon co-agonist with improved metabolic benefits.

Data availability
All coding is available through https://github.com/nicwin98/UK-Biobank-GCG

Graphical Abstract
Heat treatment effects on tribocorrosion resistance of Inconel 718® alloy produced by conventional and laser powder bed fusion methods
Authors: Wieczorek Daniel , Ulbrich Dariusz , Stachowiak Arkadiusz , Gruber Konrad , Bartkowski Dariusz , Bartkowska Aneta , Miklaszewski Andrzej 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe article presents a study of the tribocorrosion phenomenon and its effects on Inconel 718 alloy produced conventionally by extrusion and additively manufactured using the laser powder bed fusion method. In addition, the samples were subjected to a heat treatment process to change their properties. The research was carried out using the pin-on-disk method in 3.5% NaCl. Based on the study, it was found that the material made with additive technology is more resistant to tribocorrosion phenomenon, and the difference from conventionally made material is about 50%. The synergistic effect between friction and corrosion (ΔZ) occurred. However, heat treatment in the AA-2 variant ensures higher hardness and reduces purely mechanical wear (ZM) and the synergy effect (ΔZ).
Pharmacologic profile of ITI-333: a novel molecule for treatment of substance use disorders
Authors: Snyder Gretchen L. , Li Peng , Martin Terry , Zhang Lei , Yao Wei , Zheng Hailin , Maguire David R. , Gerak Lisa R. , Vanover Kimberly E. , France Charles P. , Davis Robert 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Rationale
Medications are urgently needed to treat symptoms of drug withdrawal and mitigate dysphoria and psychiatric comorbidities that drive opioid abuse and relapse. ITI-333 is a novel molecule in development for treatment of substance use disorders, psychiatric comorbidities, and pain.

Objective
Characterize the preclinical profile of ITI-333 using pharmacological, behavioral, and physiological assays.

Methods
Cell-based assays were used to measure receptor binding and intrinsic efficacy of ITI-333; animal models were employed to assess effects on opioid reinstatement, precipitated oxycodone withdrawal, and drug abuse liability.

Results
In vitro, ITI-333 is a potent 5-HT2A receptor antagonist (Ki = 8 nM) and a biased, partial agonist at μ-opioid (MOP) receptors (Ki = 11 nM; lacking β-arrestin agonism) with lesser antagonist activity at adrenergic α1A (Ki = 28 nM) and dopamine D1 (Ki = 50 nM) receptors. In vivo, ITI-333 blocks 5-HT2A receptor-mediated head twitch and MOP receptor-mediated effects on motor hyperactivity in mice. ITI-333 alone is a naloxone-sensitive analgesic (mice) which suppresses somatic signs of naloxone-precipitated oxycodone withdrawal (mice) and heroin cue-induced reinstatement responding without apparent tolerance or physical dependence after chronic dosing (rats). ITI-333 did not acutely impair gastrointestinal or pulmonary function (rats) and was not intravenously self-administered by heroin-maintained rats or rhesus monkeys.

Conclusions
ITI-333 acts as a potent 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, as well a biased MOP receptor partial agonist with low intrinsic efficacy. ITI-333 mitigates opioid withdrawal/reinstatement, supporting its potential utility as a treatment for OUD.
Wastewater treatment bacteria show differential preference for colonizing natural biopolymers
Authors: Liu Zongzong , Kimyon Onder , Manefield Mike 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Most reduced organic matter entering activated sludge systems is particulate (1–100-µm diameter) or colloidal (0.001–1-µm diameter), yet little is known about colonization of particulate organic matter by activated sludge bacteria. In this study, colonization of biopolymers (chitin, keratin, lignocellulose, lignin, and cellulose) by activated sludge bacteria was compared with colonization of glass beads in the presence and absence of regular nutrient amendment (acetate and ammonia). Scanning electron microscopy and quantitative PCR revealed chitin and cellulose were most readily colonized followed by lignin and lignocellulose, while keratin and glass beads were relatively resistant to colonization. Bacterial community profiles on particles compared to sludge confirmed that specific bacterial phylotypes preferentially colonize different biopolymers. Nitrifying bacteria proved adept at colonizing particles, achieving higher relative abundance on particles compared to bulk sludge. Denitrifying bacteria showed similar or lower relative abundance on particles compared to sludge.

Key points
• Some activated sludge bacteria colonize natural biopolymers more readily than others.
• Nitrifying bacteria are overrepresented in natural biopolymer biofilm communities.
• Biopolymers in wastewater likely influence activated sludge community composition.