bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Does Pacific Decadal Oscillation Modulate Extreme Heavy Rainfall Frequency Over Far East Asia?
Authors: Park Haerin , Mun Taeho , Cha Dong‐Hyun , Lee Myong‐In , Lee Minkyu , Min Seung‐Ki , Kim Baek‐Min , Son Seok‐Woo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between heavy rainfall events (HREs) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) occurring in Korea over Far East Asia for 40 years (1981–2020). Using K‐means clustering on the low‐level jet, we identified four clusters (C1–C4), with C1 being characterized by weaker synoptic conditions. Out of the four clusters, C1 represented localized extreme HREs compared with the other clusters. Interestingly, only the HRE frequency of C1 was found to have a strong negative correlation with PDO. During the negative‐PDO, sea surface temperature increased above 30°N, which decreased the meridional temperature gradient. This weakened the atmospheric circulation and created thermodynamic instability (i.e., weakened upper jet, increased low‐level temperature, higher atmospheric water capacity), creating a favorable environment for HRE in C1. However, this negative‐PDO environment provided somewhat unfavorable conditions for other clusters (C2–C4), so the PDO impact was insignificant.
Enhancing Nowcasting With Multi‐Resolution Inputs Using Deep Learning: Exploring Model Decision Mechanisms
Authors: Cao Yuan , Chen Lei , Wu Junjing , Feng Jie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNowcasting methods based on deep learning typically rely solely on radar data. However, effectively leveraging multi‐source data with diverse spatio‐temporal resolutions remains a significant challenge in the field. To address this challenge, we propose and validate a novel deep learning model for nowcasting, termed Nowcastformer. This model utilizes radar data and upper‐air atmospheric variables, and has been pretrained on satellite data from non‐target regions. Quantitative statistical assessments demonstrate that both the integration of multi‐source data and the implementation of pre‐training strategies enhance the model's performance. Additionally, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of predictor importance, revealing a trend where atmospheric variables become increasingly important as the forecast horizon increases. To illustrate the model's interpretability, we employ the integrated gradients method, which highlights critical areas in representative cases and provides insights into the model's decision‐making process.
Recent Tectonic Activity in and Around the Posidonius Crater, Moon
Authors: Kimi K. B. , Vijayan S. , Sharini K. S. , Harish  , Tuhi S. , Chavan Anil , Priya R. K. S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTectonic structures such as wrinkle ridges, lobate scarps, small‐scale graben, and tectonic pits reveal the recent lunar activity and complex deformational processes. Despite numerous studies, the northeastern region of the Mare Serenitatis basin, including the Posidonius crater, has yet to be studied in detail. This research presents a comprehensive analysis of tectonic structures in this region, revealing ∼808 km of wrinkle ridges, ∼286 km of lobate scarps, ∼346 km of small‐scale graben, and ∼269 tectonic pits. We identified 412 craters deformed by wrinkle ridges, 55 craters by lobate scarps, and 108 craters by small‐scale graben, suggesting extensive recent deformation. Chronological analysis of wrinkle ridges and lobate scarps revealed young ages ranging from Ma to ∼120 ± 30 Ma close to the crater, whereas Posidonius crater resurfaced floor age tend to Ga. Our study suggests that the blind thrust fault deformed the western floor of the Posidonius crater, with small‐scale graben with pits plausibly developed during the reactivation. Orthogonal transitions that occur between adjacent wrinkle ridges and lobate scarps in the study area could be a splay fault of the blind thrust fault and likely formed during the reactivation. This reactivation plausibly resulted from a combination of recession stresses, diurnal tidal stresses, and global contraction. Additionally, a combination of complex processes─intrusion, subsidence, and tectonics associated with the blind thrust fault plausibly influenced Rima Posidonius. Overall, this study suggests that the northeastern region of the Mare Serenitatis basin witnessed recent tectonic activity and could be a potential site for future exploration missions.
Uncovering two neutrophil-committed progenitors that immediately precede promyelocytes during human neutropoiesis
Authors: Signoretto Ilaria , Calzetti Federica , Finotti Giulia , Lonardi Silvia , Balanzin Camillo , Bianchetto-Aguilera Francisco , Gasperini Sara , Gardiman Elisa , Castellucci Monica , Russignan Anna , Bonifacio Massimiliano , Sica Antonio , Vermi William , Tecchio Cristina , Scapini Patrizia , Tamassia Nicola , Cassatella Marco A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Technological advances have greatly improved our knowledge of myelopoiesis, for example, with the discovery of granulocyte‒monocyte‒dendritic cell (DC) progenitors (GMDPs), monocyte‒DC progenitors (MDPs), common DC progenitors (CDPs) and common monocyte progenitors (cMoPs) on the basis of flow cytometry approaches. Concomitantly, some progress has been made in characterizing the very early phases of human neutropoiesis with the description of novel CD66b+ progenitors, including eNePs, PMs w/o eNePs, ProNeus, and PreNeus. More recently, we identified four SSCloLin-CD66b-CD45dimCD34+/CD34dim/-CD64dimCD115- cells as the earliest precursors specifically committed to the neutrophil lineage present in human bone marrow (BM), which we called neutrophil-committed progenitors (NCPs, from NCP1s to NCP4s). In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of two new SSChiCD66b-CD64dimCD115-NCPs that, by phenotypic, transcriptomic, maturation and immunohistochemistry properties, as well as by flow cytometric side-scattered light (SSC), stand after NCP4s but precede promyelocytes during the neutropoiesis cascade. Similar to SSCloCD45RA+NCP2s/NCP3s and SSCloCD45RA-NCP1s/NCP4s, these cells exhibit phenotypic differences in CD45RA expression levels and, therefore, were named SSChiCD45RA+NCP5s and SSChiCD45RA-NCP6s. Moreover, NCP5s were more immature than NCP6s, as determined by cell differentiation and proliferative potential, as well as by transcriptomic and phenotypical features. Finally, by examining whether NCPs and all other CD66b+ neutrophil precursors are altered in representative hematological malignancies, we found that, in patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML), but not with systemic mastocytosis (SM), there is an increased frequency of BM NCP4s, NCP6s, and all downstream CD45RA-negative neutrophil progenitors, suggesting their expansion in CML pathogenesis. Taken together, our data advance our knowledge of human neutropoiesis.
The AhR-Ovol1-Id1 regulatory axis in keratinocytes promotes epidermal and immune homeostasis in atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation
Authors: Chen Zeyu , Dragan Morgan , Sun Peng , Haensel Daniel , Vu Remy , Cui Lian , Zhu Peiyao , Yang Nan , Shi Yuling , Dai Xing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The skin is our outer permeability and immune defense barrier against myriad external assaults. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) senses environmental factors and regulates barrier robustness and immune homeostasis. AhR agonists have been approved by the FDA for psoriasis treatment and are in clinical trials for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), but the underlying mechanism of action remains poorly defined. Here, we report that OVOL1/Ovol1 is a conserved and direct transcriptional target of AhR in epidermal keratinocytes. We show that OVOL1/Ovol1 influences AhR-mediated regulation of keratinocyte gene expression and that OVOL1/Ovol1 ablation in keratinocytes impairs the barrier-promoting function of AhR, exacerbating AD-like inflammation. Mechanistically, we have identified Ovol1’s direct downstream targets genome-wide and provided in vivo evidence supporting the role of Id1 as a functional target in barrier maintenance, disease suppression, and neutrophil accumulation. Furthermore, our findings reveal that an IL-1/dermal γδT cell axis exacerbates type 2 and 3 immune responses downstream of barrier perturbation in Ovol1-deficient AD skin. Finally, we present data suggesting the clinical relevance of OVOL1 and ID1 functions in human AD skin. Our study highlights a keratinocyte-intrinsic AhR-Ovol1-Id1 regulatory axis that promotes both epidermal and immune homeostasis in the context of skin inflammation, identifying new therapeutic targets.
Context-guided segmentation for histopathologic cancer segmentation
Authors: Juybari Jeremy , Hamilton Josh , Chen Chaofan , Khalil Andre , Zhu Yifeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Microscopic inspection of histologically stained tissue is considered as the gold standard for cancer diagnosis. This research is inspired by the practices of pathologists who analyze diagnostic samples by zooming in and out. We propose a dual-encoder model that simultaneously evaluates two views of the tissue at different levels of magnification. The lower magnification view provides contextual information for a target area, while the higher magnification view provides detailed information. The model consists of two encoder branches that consider both detail and context resolutions of the target area concurrently for binary pixel-wise segmentation. We introduce a unique weight initialization for the cross-attention between the context and detail feature tensors, allowing the model to incorporate contextual information. Our design is evaluated using the Camelyon16 dataset of sentinel lymph node tissue and cancer. The results demonstrate the benefit of including context regions when segmenting for cancer, with an improvement in AUC ranging from 0.31 to 0.92% and an improvement in cancer Dice score ranging from 4.09% to 6.81% compared to single detailed input models.
Mitigation potential of urban greening during heatwaves and stormwater events: a modeling study for Karlsruhe, Germany
Authors: Pace Rocco , Endreny Theodore A. , Ciolfi Marco , Gangwisch Marcel , Saha Somidh , Ruehr Nadine K. , Grote Rüdiger 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of urban heat islands and stormwater flooding. In order to mitigate these threats cities are turning toward green infrastructure to restore the hydrologic cycle in a way that increases the ecosystem services provided by trees. Strategically designed green infrastructure can mitigate runoff volume by rainfall interception through tree canopies and redirect impervious runoff into bioswales that promote infiltration. In addition, urban greens mitigate extreme heat via evapotranspiration and shading. Here we applied the i-Tree HydroPlus model to the German city of Karlsruhe and its twenty-seven districts with varying initial conditions of tree cover to analyze the potential for both runoff and heat mitigation during dry and wet periods throughout a 5-year period. After analyzing initial tree cover and drainage conditions, we used the model to simulate a green infrastructure scenario for each district with restored hydrology and tree cover at 30%. Regarding trade-offs between runoff and heat mitigation, the results confirm that dry soils before storm events lead to greater runoff reduction by 10%, and wet soils prior to heatwaves resulted in a greater evaporative cooling. Compared to current conditions, the green infrastructure scenarios resulted in decreasing the number of extreme heat hours (Heat Index > 31 °C) per year on average by 64.5%, and to reduce runoff in average by 58% across all city districts. Thus, our simulation results show that investing into a greener infrastructure, has positive impacts on microclimate and hydrology. Finally, we discuss synergies and trade-offs of the investigated management options as well as the transferability of results to other cities.
Enantioconvergent nucleophilic substitution via synergistic phase-transfer catalysis
Authors: Dooley Claire , Ibba Francesco , Botlik Bence B. , Palladino Chiara , Goult Christopher A. , Gao Yuan , Lister Andrew , Paton Robert S. , Lloyd-Jones Guy C. , Gouverneur Véronique 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Catalytic enantioconvergent nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides are highly valuable transformations, but they are notoriously difficult to implement. Specifically, nucleophilic fluorination is a renowned challenge, especially when inexpensive alkali metal fluorides are used as fluorinating reagents due to their low solubility, high hygroscopicity and Brønsted basicity. Here we report a solution by developing the concept of synergistic hydrogen bonding phase-transfer catalysis. Key to our strategy is the combination of a chiral bis-urea hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and an onium salt—two phase-transfer catalysts essential for the solubilization of potassium fluoride—as a well-characterized ternary HBD–onium fluoride complex. Mechanistic investigations indicate that this chiral ternary complex is capable of enantiodiscrimination of racemic benzylic bromides and α-bromoketones, and upon fluoride delivery affords fluorinated products in high yields and enantioselectivities. This work provides a foundation for enantioconvergent fluorination chemistry enabled through the combination of a HBD catalyst with a co-catalyst specifically curated to meet the requirement of the electrophile.
Energy Management Systems (EMS) for a Decentralized Grid: A Review and Analysis of the Generation and Control Methods Impact on EMS Type and Topology
Authors: Kudzin Alexander , Takayama Satoshi , Ishigame Atsushi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGrid decarbonization is transitioning the generation method's (GM) topology towards a distributed energy resource (DER)‐centric decentralized topology. However, the control method (CM) and energy management system (EMS) are yet to decentralize, resulting in topological mismatch‐related issues that pose significant operational challenges. Due to the advantages of topological synergy, CM research is moving towards decentralized topologies. However, the EMS lacks a clear development path and defined target parameters. This study investigates the interdependencies between GM, CM, and EMS topologies, determining their relationship to forecast the future trajectory of EMS research and to determine robust evaluation parameters for EMS proposals. Topological analysis revealed a strong influence of one sector on another, placing significant pressure to decentralize the EMS. Utilizing these findings, a detailed evaluation of the proposed cloud‐edge, cluster, and blockchain‐based EMS proposals against the established parameters revealed that blockchain‐based architectures best aligned with the incoming decentralized GM and CM's limitations, requirements, and advantages, offering superior security, resilience, adaptability, and scalability. Furthermore, blockchain technology has largely overcome the regulatory barriers and technical challenges, such as communication overheads, making blockchain‐based EMS the most effective and efficient choice for a next‐gen EMS.
Systematische Übersichtsarbeit über die individuellen
biopsychosozialen Aspekte von Interventionen während einer physiologischen
Geburt bei Erstgebärenden
Authors: Berg Tina , Flunkert Stefanie , Brenner Erich 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDer Geburtsprozesses umfasst biopsychosoziale Aspekte, deren Identifizierung
wenig beforscht ist. Diese systematische Übersichtsarbeit zielt darauf ab,
biopsychosoziale Aspekte bei Interventionen während einer physiologischen
Geburt von Erstgebärenden zu identifizieren und eine Effektivität dieser auf
Geburtsergebnisse einzuschätzen.Eine systematische Leitlinienrecherche ergab die Definition einer
physiologischen Geburt Erstgebärender mit einem Einling aus Schädellage in
der 37+0 bis 42+0 Schwangerschaftswoche. Durch eine systematische
Literaturrecherche wurden Interventionsstudien nach der GRADE-Methodik auf
Evidenzqualität bewertet. Mittels strukturierter Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring
erfolgte die Identifizierung biopsychosozialer Aspekte.Aus 20 Studien konnten 18 bio-organische, psychologische und soziologische
Aspekte identifiziert werden. Die Evidenzqualität war meist niedrig bis sehr
niedrig aufgrund mangelhafter Berichterstattung fetaler sowie maternaler
Endpunkte und Merkmale. Moderates Vertrauen zeigte Hebammenbetreuung sowie
Aromatherapie in die Steigerung der Spontangeburt, und Transkutane
Elektrische Nervenstimulation in die Verbesserung der Zufriedenheit,
subjektiver Schmerzwahrnehmung und den APGAR-Wert. Identifizierte biopsychosoziale Aspekte ermöglichen eine multidimensionale
Erfassung der physiologischen Geburt und könnten zu einem biopsychosozialen
Betreuungsmodell führen. Unzureichende Evidenzqualität erlaubt keine
Ableitung spezifischer Interventionen. Studien über Geburtshilfe sollten
definierte Endpunkte und Merkmale zur Verbesserung der Evidenzqualität
anwenden.
Antiseizure Medication in the Setting of Systemic Illness: A Focused Review
Authors: Menon Bindu , Menon Medha , Yadav Praveen Kumar , Bardhan Mainak 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEpilepsy is a common neurological disorder, and managing seizures can be challenging when other systemic illnesses are present, as these can affect the choice of antiseizure medication (ASM). Various comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disorders, liver and kidney impairment, psychiatric conditions, porphyria, and thyroid dysfunction, can significantly influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ASMs. This requires careful selection of suitable ASMs based on their safety profiles and potential for drug interactions.Traditional ASMs such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproate should be taken cautiously in individuals with cardiovascular disorders because of the possibility of side effects. Conversely, newer medications like lamotrigine and lacosamide (LCM) may offer safer alternatives.Levetiracetam and LCM are examples of medications with minimal hepatic metabolism, which are recommended since hepatic dysfunction can impact the binding potential of ASMs and result in toxicity. Furthermore, drugs that are mostly eliminated by the kidneys may take longer to be eliminated due to renal impairment, necessitating dose adjustments or the consideration of alternate therapies.ASMs can also affect psychiatric conditions; some medications may provide mood-stabilizing or antidepressant effects, while others may worsen psychiatric symptoms. Certain ASMs can trigger porphyria or disrupt thyroid function, necessitating careful monitoring and appropriate selection of treatments.This review offers a comprehensive overview of considerations and recommendations for the use of ASMs in various systemic illnesses, highlighting the need for a sophisticated strategy to maximize managing seizures while reducing side effects and medication interactions.
Tuning the magnetic coupling of a porphyrin with the substrate through the intramolecular cyclization reaction
Authors: Gao Yixuan , Tao Lei , Wang Dongfei , Guo Hui , Chen Hui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
One of the primary objectives in molecular nano-spintronics is to manipulate the electronic configurations of organic molecules with a d-electron center by suitable external means. Here, we demonstrate the tuning of the electronic configuration of tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin (FeF20TPP) molecules on the Au(111) surface through a thermally induced intramolecular quadrauplicate cyclization reaction. During the reaction, the electronic configuration of a FeF20TPP molecule on the Au(111) surface changes from (d

z
2

1
d

π

3) to (d

z
2

2
d

π

2). We attribute this change to significant difference in the adsorption height and variations in coupling between the orbitals of central metal atoms and the Au(111) surface. To further validate this mechanism, we substituted the central Fe ion with a Mn ion, predicting that an electronic configuration transition would not occur in MnF20TPP and its product. Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) revealed that the FeF20TPP on Au(111) exhibits no Kondo resonance, while its cyclization product exhibits Kondo dip near the Fermi level (E
F). In contrast, both the MnF20TPP and its product show pronounced Kondo dip at E
F. Our work marks a significant step forward in controlling molecular electronic configuration through on-surface chemical reactions, paving the way for advanced molecular spintronics.
Measurement of post-disruption runaway electron kinetic energy and pitch angle during final loss instability in DIII-D
Authors: Hollmann E M , Marini C , Rudakov D L , Martinez-Loran E , Beidler M , Herfindal J L , Shiraki D , Liu Y Q , Bykov I , Lvovskiy A , Lasnier C , Ren J , Ratynskaia S , Rizzi T , Paschalidis K , Tolias P , Kulachenko A , Pitts R A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Post-disruption runaway electron (RE) kinetic energy K and pitch angle

sin

ϑ

are critical parameters for determining resulting first wall material damage during wall strikes, but are very challenging to measure experimentally. During the final loss instability, confined RE K and

sin

ϑ

are reconstructed during center-post wall strikes for both high impurity (high-Z) and low impurity (low-Z) plasmas by combining soft x-ray, hard x-ray, synchrotron emission, and total radiated power measurements. Deconfined (wall impacting) RE

sin

ϑ

is then reconstructed for these shots by using time-decay analysis of infra-red imaging. Additionally, deconfined RE K and

sin

ϑ

are reconstructed for a low-Z downward loss shot by analyzing resulting damage to a sacrificial graphite dome limiter. The damage analysis uses multi-step modeling simulating plasma instability, RE loss orbits, energy deposition, and finally material expansion (MARS-F, KORC, GEANT-4, and finally COMSOL). Overall, mean kinetic energies are found to be in the range

⟨
K
⟩
≈
3
−
4

MeV for confined REs. KORC simulations indicate that the final loss instability process does not change individual RE kinetic energy K. Confined RE pitch angles are found to be fairly low initially pre-instability,

⟨

sin

ϑ
⟩
≈
0.1
−
0.2

, but appear to increase roughly 2

×

, to

⟨

sin

ϑ
⟩
≈
0.3
−
0.4

for both confined and deconfined REs during instability onset in the low-Z case; this increase is not observed in the high-Z case.
Global fixed point potential approach to frustrated antiferromagnets
Authors: Yabunaka Shunsuke , Delamotte Bertrand 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We revisit the critical behavior of classical frustrated systems using the nonperturbative renormalization group (NPRG) equation. Our study is performed within the local potential approximation of this equation to which is added the flow of the field renormalization. Our flow equations are functional to avoid possible artifacts coming from the field expansion of the fixed point potential which consists in keeping only a limited number of coupling constants. We explain in detail our numerical implementation, its advantages and the difficulties encountered in the vicinity of d = 2. For N-component spins, the function

N
c

(
d
)

separating the regions of first and second order transitions in the (d, N) plane is computed for d between 4 and 2.3. Our results confirm what was previously found with cruder approximations of the NPRG equation and contradict both the fixed dimension perturbative approach and some of the results obtained within the conformal bootstrap approach.