bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serotonin Levels in the Hen Ovarian Follicles after Methallibure (I. C. I 33, 828) Treatment*
Authors: Paczoska‐Eliasiewicz H. , Rzαsa J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of methallibure (MLB), a non‐steroid inhibitor of pituitary gonadotrophic activity on serotonin (5‐HT) levels in the wall of preovulatory follicles (F1 ‐ F4) in the domestic hen. 5‐HT was determined spectrofluorometrically.Hens were treated with MLB (10 mg/hen per os) twice a day for 3 successive days. 5‐HT was determined in F1‐F4 (Fl > F2 > F3 > F4) follicles of the control group, on the next day (MLB‐1 group) and 6 days following cessation of MLB administration (MLB‐6 group). During MLB treatment egg production was inhibited in all hens. In the MLB‐6 group, five hens out of seven took up egg laying on the sixth day after MLB administration. Within each examined group there were no significant differences in 5‐HT concentration between Fl ‐ F4 follicles. In comparison to the control, MLB caused a significant (P < 0.01 ‐ 0.05) increase of 5‐HT concentration in F1 (MLB‐1 group) and F4 (both MLB‐groups).The results obtained indicate that there is a relationship between pituitary activity and 5‐HT levels in the preovulatory follicles of the domestic hen.
Haemodynamic Effects of Change in Position and Respiration Mode during a Standard Halothane Anaesthesia in Ponies
Authors: Gasthuys F. , de Moor A. , Parmentier D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effects of change in position and respiration modes were studied in 5 experimental ponies during a standard halothane anaesthesia.A marked cardiovascular depression (decrease in mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume and left ventricle work) occurred in recumbent, spontaneously breathing ponies. No significant differences were found between right and left lateral recumbency. The most pronounced cardiovascular depression was observed in the dorsal position. Sternal recumbency appeared to be slightly beneficial (higher systemic blood pressure and arterial oxygenation). Peripheral resistance tended to decrease in the lateral positions (peripheral vasodilatation) but increased slightly in dorsally recumbent ponies. The mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased significantly in the dorsal position. Pulmonary resistance increased slightly in the laterally and the sternally positioned ponies, suggesting a pulmonary vasoconstriction. On the other hand, pulmonary resistance decreased in dorsal recumbency. Arterial oxygenation decreased progressively during anaesthesia but remained always above standing control values. Hypoventilation (increase in arterial carbon dioxide to ± 60 mm Hg) was observed in all positions.Controlled intermittent positive pressure ventilation (I.P.P.V.) induced a further decrease of all cardiovascular parameters although no significant differences in cardiac indexes were found regarding the spontaneous breathing protocol. In ventilated ponies the greatest cardiovascular depression was again observed in dorsal recumbency. Peripheral resistance increased slightly in the sternally positioned ponies. A gradual time‐dependent increase in pulmonary resistance was observed. Apparently, the arterial oxygenation improved slightly in all positions (especially the sternal posture) when I.P.P.V. was applied.
Standing Oestrus, Ovarian Function and Early Pregnancy in Virgin and Repeat Breeder Heifers
Authors: Albihn Ann 
Published: May 2010

SummarySeventeen virgin heifers (VH) and 14 repeat breeder heifers (RBH) were inseminated in spontaneous oestrus during a total of 86 oestrous cycles. Pregnancy was checked either by nonsurgical embryo collections 14 or 17 days after ovulation or by real time ultrasonography 20–26 days after ovulation. The two categories of heifers were compared with respect to duration of standing oestrus, ovarian function and plasma progesterone levels after insemination and during early pregnancy.The results indicate that the duration of standing oestrus was longer in RBHs than in VHs. Ovulation disturbances occurred and were more common among the RBHs than among the VHs. Disturbances in the development of the corpus luteum were noted in both categories of heifers, the RBHs having less luteal tissue volume than the VHs. In general, plasma progesterone levels did not differ significantly between the two categories of heifers. Despite the strict control of oestrus and ovulation as well as additional Al when necessary in this study, a poorer pregnancy result for the RBHs than for the VHs was seen.
Influence of Age on Antisecretory Factor Inhibition of Enterotoxin Action in the Pig Small Intestine
Authors: McEwan G. T. A. , Schousboe B. , Skadhauge E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of age on antisecretory factor (ASF) inhibition of cholera toxin (CT) andE. coliSTa enterotoxin‐induced fluid secretion in pig jejunum was investigatedin vivo.Comparison was made between 2 week and 8 week old animals. ASF inhibited (P < 0.05) CT‐induced fluid secretion by up to 90 % in the 8 week animals (from 18.4 ± 5.87 [3] mg/mg loop dry weight to 0.74 ± 0.54 [3] mg/mg loop dry weight). There was no effect of ASF on CT‐secretion in the 14 day pigs suggesting that there is aminimum age before ASF is effective. ASF had no significant effect on net fluid transport after STa challenge in pigs from either age group. However, the predominant action of STa was to inhibit absorption and this would not be affected by ASF.
Effects of Temperature, pH and Blood Storage on Osmotic Fragility of Duck Erythrocytes
Authors: Oyewale J. O. , Sanni A. A. , Ajibade H. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe osmotic fragility of duck erythrocytes at different pH and temperatures and during blood storage was studied. The fragility increased in acidic solution and also as the temperature increased. However, storage of blood decreased the fragility of duck erythrocytes.
Concentrations of Nuclear Progesterone Receptors in Endometrium of Virgin and Repeat Breeder Heifers after Embryo Transfer
Authors: Stanchev P. D. , Rodriguez‐Martinez H. , Albihn A. , Eriksson H. , Gustafsson H. , Larsson K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe present study aimed to correlate the repeat breeder syndrome in the bovine with an impaired or suboptimal uterine progestational response. Concentrations of nuclear (i. e. transformed) receptors for progesterone (PRn) were determined with a binding and exchange method in endometrial samples from virgin (VH) and repeat breeder (RBH) heifers 15 days post oestrus. The heifers were recipients of Day 7 demi‐embryos collected from donors with normal fertility and transferred 8 days prior to tissue sampling. Results were compared with both the type of heifer, the condition of the embryo present within the uterus and the temporal relationship to the hormone plasma levels. The binding data for PRn indicated that a single class of high‐affinity, low‐capacity sites existed. The amount of PRn in VH endometria holding embryonic structures was significantly greater than in RBH, but no statistical differences were found in their plasma progesterone levels. PRn concentrations were also higher in the uterine horn in which an elongated (> 15 mm), morphologically normal embryo was present, when compared to cornua with small (lt; 5 mm) embryos, regardless of recipient group. Furthermore, in endometria with an elongated embryo in the lumen, the relative amount of PRn was significantly greater in VH than in RBH. The present results indicate that the RBH recipients of Day 7 demi‐embryos by Day 15 have fewer numbers of specific receptors for maternal progesterone, which could explain in part the poorer development of the transferred embryos compared with that in virgin heifers.
Cyclic Variations in Intraluminal Pressure in the Isthmus of the Oviduct in Unrestrained Gilts
Authors: Pettersson A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCyclic variations in intraluminal pressure in the isthmus of the oviduct in unrestrained gilts were observed. During prooestrus and through the first day of oestrus, base pressure and total pressure increased reaching a high pressure on the second half of day 1 (first day of standing oestrus) after which a decrease was seen with a low base pressure recorded on the second half of day 3 and a low total pressure appearing on the second half of day 3 lasting through day 4. The frequency of the phasic pressure fluctuations in the isthmus also increased during prooestrus and reached a high value on the first half of day 2. The frequency then declined to a low value on day 4. The pattern in which the phasic pressure fluctuations were arranged changed from predominantly wavy during prooestrus and through the first half of day 2 to progressively more irregular in appearance after day 2. Outbursts of increased intraluminal pressure with varying propagation directions occurred with a fairly high frequency from the second half of day 2 and through day 3.
A Technique for Continuously Monitoring Hormone Levels in Lactating Sows and Results Obtained Using it to Study LH Release
Authors: Rojkittikhun T. , Einarsson S. , Kindahl H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA technique for collecting continuously blood was successfully applied for the first time in lactating sows. A double‐lumen catheter consisted of an internal tubing for delivering an anticoagulant (heparin‐saline) and an outer tubing for blood collection. An automatic system, composed of a blood withdrawal pump, an anticoagulant infusion pump and a fraction collector, was connected to the catheter and operated for 12 h on Days 10 and 20 of lactation. Blood samples were collected continuously at a rate of 1 ml per min from four sows. Each fraction consisted of 4 ml blood except during nursing periods when 1 ml blood per fraction was collected. In this study, aliquots of plasma were combined to form pooled 8‐min samples for the measurement of the concentrations of LH. Average and base levels of LH, number of LH pulse(s)/12 h and pulse durations were calculated for all pooled samples, all even‐numbered samples and all odd‐numbered samples. Average and base levels of LH and the number of LH pulses were slightly higher on Day 20 than on Day 10 of lactation. The LH‐pulse duration varied between animals, with the value for one of the sows diverging greatly from those of the others. When only every second sample was considered, the LH‐pulse rate appeared to be slightly lower.
Type 1 Abomasal Ulcers in Dairy Cattle*
Authors: Braun U. , Eicher R. , Ehrensperger F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAbomasa from 912 randomly selected cows were examined; specimens were obtained at the local slaughter house on 35 days spread over one year. Abomasal lesions were assessed macroscopically and histologically. Additionally, haematological and blood chemistry (urea, aspartate aminotransferase, potassium, chloride, calcium) evaluations and the determination of rumen chloride concentration were performed.Of the 912 abomasa examined, 187 (20.5 %) had ulcerative lesions of the mucosa. Lesions were classified from 1 to 4 based on severity as described by Whitlock (1980). All ulcers were classified as type 1 (erosions and non‐perforating ulcers); thus, further division into four subtypes 1 a, 1 b, 1 c and 1 d was carried out. Fifty‐six abomasa had minimal mucosal defects which were classified as type 1 a. Deeper erosions combined with local hemorrhage, classified as type 1 b, were observed in 54 abomasa. Type 1 c were crater‐like ulcers and were seen in 61 abomasa. Sixteen abomasa had type 1 d ulcers which included two forms: ulcers with radial wrinkles converging on a central point, and ulcers with perforated folds. Types 1 a and 1 c occurred mainly in the pyloric region, and types 1 b and 1 d were observed mainly in the fundic region. Type 1 abomasal ulcus could not be diagnosed based on alterations in haematological or blood and rumen chemistry values.
Caracterización del Colágeno del Disco Intervertebral Canino por la Reacción del N‐Metil‐Benzotiazolidon‐Hidrazona
Authors: Silva N. , Farias G. , Torres J. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCharacterization of Collagen in Canine Intervertebral Discs Using the 3‐Methyl‐Benzothiazol‐2‐on‐hydrazone ReagentCollagen types were studied in the lumbar intervertebral discs of non‐chondrodystrophic dogs, 1 to 3 years old. Parts of intervertebral discs were frozen and sections were subjected to the 3‐methyl‐benzothiazol‐2‐on‐hydrazone (MBTH) method, which permits differentiation of genetic types and maturation stages of collagen. The annulus fibrosus showed a blue (collagen I) and a violet colour (collagen II) at the external zone. The internal zone was more homogeneous and contained a mixture of both colours (collagen I and II). The nucleus pulposus showed only the violet colour, indicative of collagen II. Discs were also dissected at three different zones and submitted to an extraction technique to obtain collagen, then subjected to SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and determination of spectrophotometric reactions of MBTH. Both studies demonstrated type I and type II collagens in the external and internal zones of the annulus fibrosus, but only type II in the nucleus pulposus.Collagen characterization, using this technique, would allow for evaluation in pathologic events of the intervertebral discs as well as for establishing the degree of alteration.
Quantitative Buffy Coat Analysis Related to Adrenocortical Function in Horses During a Three‐Day Event Competition
Authors: Linden A. , Art T. , Massart A. M. , Burvenich C. , Lekeux P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study was carried out to investigate stress induced in a cross‐country by measuring plasma Cortisol and to compare the changes in Cortisol level with the leucocytic changes measured with the quantitative buffy coat (QBC) analysis, which is a new method applicable in field conditions for the evaluation of haematological parameters in horses.Seven healthy horses competing in a national three‐day event were investigated. Venous blood was sampled under resting condition, 2 min and 180 min after the completion of the cross‐country and analysed for haematological parameters, plasma Cortisol, protein and lactate levels.Immediately after the event, there was a significant increase in all values except in the granulocytes (Gr) to lymphocytes‐monocytes (LM) ratio. 180 min after the event, all the parameters returned to their resting levels while white blood cells (WBC), Gr and Gr/LM ratio were significantly higher with respect to their resting values. A high correlation (r = 0.82) was found between the relative increase in plasma Cortisol levels 2 min after exercise and the relative increase in Gr/LM 180 min after exercise.Therefore it was concluded that the Gr/LM ratio measured 180 min after exercise with the QBC analysis is a reliable index to estimate the plasma Cortisol levels measured 2 min after exercise. This new technique could consequently be used in order to evaluate, in field conditions, the exercise‐induced stress.
Experimental Induction of Diarrhoea in Newly‐Weaned Piglets
Authors: Cox E. , Schrauwen E. , Cools V. , Houvenaghel A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTo induce diarrhoea and hypovolaemia, newly‐weaned conventionally bred piglets (3‐ to 4‐ weeks‐old), were either given secretagogues or were inoculated with enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC).Choleratoxin (n = 2),E. coliheat‐labile enterotoxin (n = 2) or castor oil (n = 2) were given intragastrically or piglets were intraperitoneally injected with DL 5‐hydroxytryptophan (n = 3). These substances induced a transient diarrhoea without clinical symptoms of dehydration. Therefore, a combination of castor oil and DL 5‐hydroxytryptophan was given two times a day during 3 consecutive days to 3 piglets. Although diarrhoea lasted for 5 days, still no hypovolaemia occurred.Probably the secretagogues have to be given continuosly to mimic the continuous release of enterotoxins during secretory colibacillary diarrhoea. It was, therefore, tried to reproduce colibacillosis in the just‐weaned piglets. Animals were inoculated with K88ac fimbriae producing ETEC strains (O149: K91: K88ac; LT, STa and STb positive) (n = 7), or pretreated with chloramphenicol followed by the ETEC inoculation (n = 8), or pretreated with the antibiotic, inoculated with an enteropathogenic coronavirus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and subsequently inoculated with ETEC (n=18). Only the last procedure induced a reproducible diarrhoea (93%) and dehydration resulting in a mortality of 80%.It was concluded that the latter experimental procedure could be used to study diarrhoea and hypovolaemia in newly‐weaned piglets and to evaluate the effect of potentially antisecretory drugs on postweaning diarrhoea in piglets.
Einfluß von Lagerungsdauer, ‐temperatur und Probenausgangsmaterial auf klinisch‐chemische Blutvariablen
Authors: Lindner A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEffect of temperature and duration of storage on clinico‐chemical variables in different blood sample materialsThe effect of temperature and duration of storage on clinico‐chemical variables was investigated in Na heparinized plasma and plasma or serum of Na heparinized whole blood and whole blood of horses, respectively. The values of AST, Gamma‐GT, AP, bilirubin, cholesterol, urea, total protein, albumin, Ca, Mg and Na varied in all the sample substrates investigated at 20–22 °C and 4 °C less than ± 10% during the observation period of up to four days. In the Na heparinized plasma samples kept at 20–22 °C and 4 °C also LDH, CK, inorganic P and K did not differ significantly from its initial values during the four days. However, in the plasma of samples stored at 20–22 °C as Na heparinized whole blood, the increases of LDH, CK, P and K until the fourth day of storage reached 56%, 49% and 69% and in the serum of samples kept as whole blood 90%, 165%, 147% and 48% respectively. While at 4 °C in the plasma of samples stored as Na heparinized whole blood until the fourth storage day only K increased significantly (by 28%), the LDH, CK and K values in the serum of samples stored as whole blood rose to 118%, 136% and 141% respectively. In the Na heparinized plasma samples kept at ‐18°C all the measured variables did not differ significantly from the initial values during the storage time of 10 weeks.Zusammenfassung: Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Lagerungstemperaturen sowie ‐zeiten auf klinisch‐chemische Variablen in Na‐Heparinat‐Plasma sowie Plasma bzw. Serum von Na‐Heparinat‐Vollblut‐ und Vollblutproben von Pferden wurde untersucht. Die Werte von AST, Gamma‐GT, AP, Bilirubin, Cholesterin, Harnstoff, Gesamteiweiß, Albumin, Ca, Mg und Na schwankten bei allen Probenausgangsmaterialien bei 20–22 °C sowie 4 °C weniger als ± 10% innerhalb des Beobachtungszeitraums von bis zu vier Tagen. Im Na‐Heparinat‐Plasma veränderten sich bei 20–22 °C und 4 °C auch die Werte von LDH, CK, P sowie K nicht signifikant. Dagegen betrugen die Erhöhungen im Plasma von Na‐Heparinat‐Vollblutproben jeweils für LDH, CK, P und K bei 20–22 °C bis zum vierten Tag nach der Blutentnahme 56%, 49%, 49% sowie 69% und im Serum von Vollblutproben 90%, 165%, 147% sowie 84%. Bei 4 °C nahm innerhalb von 4 Tagen im Plasma der Na‐Heparinat‐Vollblutproben nur der K‐Gehalt signifikant zu (um 28%), während im Serum der Vollblutproben die Werte von LDH um 18%, CK um 36% und K um 41% signifikant anstiegen. Alle bestimmten Variablen behielten bei ‐18 °C im Na‐Heparinat‐Plasma konstante Werte über einen Zeitraum von 10 Wochen.
Role of Eicosanoids in Abortion and its Prevention by Treatment with Flunixin Meglumine in Cows During the First Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Giri S. N. , Stabenfeldt G. H. , Moseley T. A. , Graham T. W. , Bruss M. L. , Bondurant R. H. , Cullor J. S. , Osburn B. I. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIntravenous infusion ofE. coliendotoxin at a rate of 4.16 ng/kg/min over 6 hr (total dose 1.5 μg/kg) in 5 cows in the first trimester of gestation induced abortion between 60 and 72 hr in three cows. Plasma PGF2αlevels in the aborting cows increased significantly to 289% of the zero time control (ZTC) at 1 hr and remained elevated for 9hr. The PGF2αlevel remained unaffected in the non‐aborting cows except at 2 hr. The plasma TxB2levels were increased by 6 to 18 fold for 6 hr in both the aborting and non‐aborting cows relative to their ZTC controls. The 6‐keto‐PGF1αlevels were significantly increased to 2 to 3 fold only in the aborting cows. Plasma cortisol levels were increased maximally to 1,500% of ZTC at 5 hr in the aborting cows. Thereafter, the levels gradually declined but remained significantly elevated for 24 hr. The increases in the cortisol levels in the non‐aborting cows were only 280% of ZTC at 5 hr and returned to ZTC value by 12 hr. Plasma progesterone levels in the aborting cows remained unaffected until 12 hr followed by a progressive decline through 18 hr to extremely low levels at 3, 4, and 5 days. Endotoxin‐infusion caused hyperglycemia in both aborting and non‐aborting cows and lactic acidemia in the aborting cows. Treatment with two doses of flunixin meglumine (FM, 1.1 mg/kg), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, 1 hr prior to endotoxin infusion and then 13 hr later, completely prevented the endotoxin‐induced abortion and increases in the plasma PGF2α, TxB2and 6‐keto‐PGF1αconcentrations. The PGE level remained unaffected. Although FM treatment failed to abolish endotoxin‐induced increases in the plasma cortisol and lactic acid levels, it effectively prevented marked decreases in the progesterone and increases in the glucose concentrations. It was concluded that the use of FM offers therapeutic promise in preventing bovine abortion caused by endotoxin resulting from bacterial infection during the 1st trimester of gestation.
Studies on Intravenous Regional Analgesia of the Hind Limb in the Bovine
Authors: Gogoi S. N. , Nigam J. M. , Peshin P. K. , Sharifi D. , Patil D. B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwenty‐five buffalo calves (age: 14 ± 1.9 months; body weight: 102 ± 9.4 kg) were subjected to intravenous regional analgesia (IRA) of the hind limb with 2 % lignocaine HCl (4 mg/kg b. w.), infused through the dorsal digital vein. In control animals 15 ml of normal saline was infused. The effect of tourniquet release after 35 (8 calves) and 65 min (7 calves) on EEG, ECG, arterial and venous pressures, blood gases and pH, respiration and temperature were studied. A detectable concentration of lignocaine occurred before the release of tourniquet. The lignocaine concentration recorded in the systemic circulation did not produce any significant nervous or cardiovascular changes before or after release of tourniquet. Transient EEG and ECG changes were seen in six (tourniquet release after 35 min) and three (tourniquet release after 65 min) IRA animals, respectively. No significant changes were seen in heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature, systolic, diastolic, mean arterial and central venous pressures. Arterial blood pH, PCO2and HCO3‐ concentration showed no significant differences. Animals receiving IRA did not show hypoxaemia typical to postural changes.