bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal course of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and amyloid accumulation in the aging rat brain from three to thirty months
Authors: Chiu Catherine , Miller Miles C , Caralopoulos Ilias N , Worden Michael S , Brinker Thomas , Gordon Zachary N , Johanson Conrad E , Silverberg Gerald D 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundAmyloid accumulation in the brain parenchyma is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is seen in normal aging. Alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics are also associated with normal aging and AD. This study analyzed CSF volume, production and turnover rate in relation to amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) accumulation in the aging rat brain.MethodsAging Fischer 344/Brown-Norway hybrid rats at 3, 12, 20, and 30 months were studied. CSF production was measured by ventriculo-cisternal perfusion with blue dextran in artificial CSF; CSF volume by MRI; and CSF turnover rate by dividing the CSF production rate by the volume of the CSF space. Aβ40 and Aβ42 concentrations in the cortex and hippocampus were measured by ELISA.ResultsThere was a significant linear increase in total cranial CSF volume with age: 3-20 months (p< 0.01); 3-30 months (p< 0.001). CSF production rate increased from 3-12 months (p< 0.01) and decreased from 12-30 months (p< 0.05). CSF turnover showed an initial increase from 3 months (9.40 day-1) to 12 months (11.30 day-1) and then a decrease to 20 months (10.23 day-1) and 30 months (6.62 day-1). Aβ40 and Aβ42 concentrations in brain increased from 3-30 months (p< 0.001). Both Aβ42 and Aβ40 concentrations approached a steady state level by 30 months.ConclusionsIn young rats there is no correlation between CSF turnover and Aβ brain concentrations. After 12 months, CSF turnover decreases as brain Aβ continues to accumulate. This decrease in CSF turnover rate may be one of several clearance pathway alterations that influence age-related accumulation of brain amyloid.
The Aplnr GPCR regulates myocardial progenitor development via a novel cell-non-autonomous, Gαi/o protein-independent pathway
Authors: Paskaradevan Sivani , Scott Ian C. 
Published: January 2012

Summary
Myocardial progenitor development involves the migration of cells to the anterior lateral plate mesoderm (ALPM) where they are exposed to the necessary signals for heart development to proceed. Whether the arrival of cells to this location is sufficient, or whether earlier signaling events are required, for progenitor development is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that in the absence of Aplnr signaling, cells fail to migrate to the heart-forming region of the ALPM. Our work uncovers a previously uncharacterized cell-non-autonomous function for Aplnr signaling in cardiac development. Furthermore, we show that both the single known Aplnr ligand, Apelin, and the canonical Gαi/o proteins that signal downstream of Aplnr are dispensable for Aplnr function in the context of myocardial progenitor development. This novel Aplnr signal can be substituted for by activation of Gata5/Smarcd3 in myocardial progenitors, suggesting a novel mechanism for Aplnr signaling in the establishment of a niche required for the proper migration/development of myocardial progenitor cells.
Solution Transformation of Metal Thin Films to II-VI Semiconductor Films
Authors: Gross Adam F. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe low temperature solution based transformation of silver metal layers to II-VI materials is investigated as an alternative mechanism for forming semiconductor thin films. This metal to semiconductor conversion has been demonstrated with the solution based sulfurization and ion exchange of silver nanoparticles, but not to our knowledge on thin films. Starting with metal films is attractive because they may be scalably deposited on many substrates through evaporation or electro- and electroless plating. The metal to II-VI transformation is challenging in films because diffusion occurs directionally and because the ∼40% increase in lattice expansion may cause debonding. Silver films were deposited on glass with Ti adhesion layers and successfully transformed to well-adhered CdS and MnS films at ≤ 60 ºC. The II-VI compounds were confirmed by XRD and shown to be polycrystalline with SEM. Electrical conductivities, bandgaps, and optical absorption spectra were measured. These results demonstrate that solution based sulfurization and ion-exchange is a viable mechanism for forming II-VI semiconductor thin films with good conductivities from metal films at low temperatures.
Synthesis and characterization of CeO2 nanoparticles by low temperature hydrothemal and solvent thermal process
Authors: Teo Eric Y.H. , Lin Ming , Fu Ziyuan , Ng Seng.C. , Song Siliang , Tan Jun C. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTCeria has been aggressively explored for applications as a fuel cell electrolyte or in catalytic converter due to its high oxygen ion conductivity, or as a UV absorption material. It is proven that the properties and applications of ceria nanoparticles are related to their morphologies and sizes. This ability to control the shape and morphology of CeO2 nanoparticles allows the corresponding tuning of their chemical and physical properties. Most of the applications require the use of non-agglomerated nanoparticles, as aggregated nano-particles lead to inhomogeneous mixing, poor sinterability and compromised properties. However, nano-crystals with a primary particle size < 5 nm have a strong tendency to agglomerate. In this work, nano-crystalline particles of CeO2 have been synthesized by a low temperature hydrothermal and solvent thermal synthesis process. Using the precursors of Ce(NO3)3.6H2O:NaOH in different mixing ratio, using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the surfactant, the CeO2 particles were synthesized via 24 h hydrothermal and solvent thermal process treatment at reaction temperature of 100 °C and 180 °C using Teflon-lined hydrothermal autoclave. We have optimized the conditions for the two synthesized methods, hydrothermal and solvent thermal, to yield highly crystallized particle with controllable shape, sizes and morphology. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) analysis were used to characterize the crystalline and morphology of the synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles. The optimal reaction condition to prepare the CeO2 of the desired octahedron shaped fluorite structure was established. Based on the results, the hydrothermal synthesis method yields nanocrystalline CeO2 sizes of ∼6 nm, while the solvent synthesis method yields nanocrystalline CeO2 sizes of 2-3 nm at the optimal conditions. The hydrothermal synthesis method produced better particles in terms of crystallinity and morphology under HR-TEM. Temperature also plays a part in crystallinity and sizes of the CeO2 nanoparticles. The crystallinity and size of the CeO2 nanoparticles increases when using higher treatment temperature for both hydrothermal and solvent thermal methods. The growth mechanism of the shape and morphology of the CeO2 will also be discussed.
Recording IR spectra for individual electrospun fibers using an in situ AFM-synchrotron technique
Authors: Stachewicz Urszula , Hang Fei , Bailey Russell J. , Gupta Himadri S. , Frogley Mark D. , Cinque Gianfelice , Barber Asa H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA setup is described where an individual electrospun polyamide fiber is attached to an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip and structural information collected with synchrotron micro Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μFT-IR). The combination of AFM and synchrotron μFT-IR therefore highlights the potential for recording structure-mechanical property relationships simultaneously in materials with sub-micron dimensions.
Nasolabial Fold Discontinuity during Speech as a Possible Extended Cleft Phenotype
Authors: Schmidt Karen L. , Neiswanger Katherine , Cohn Ellen , Desensi Rebecca , Brandon Carla , Bardi Kathleen , Marazita Mary L. 
Published: January 2012

Objective This exploratory research sought to extend the cleft phenotype by identifying movement-related soft tissue appearance changes in the midfacial region in individuals with cleft lip/palate or those with genetic susceptibility to cleft lip/palate (unaffected relatives). The cleft phenotype (clinically identified orofacial cleft or subclinical orbicularis oris defect) was hypothesized to be associated with movement related appearance changes in the midfacial region, e.g., with furrowing and dimpling during speech. Design Changes in the appearance of skin in the midfacial region, including a newly identified phenotypic feature, nasolabial fold (NLF) discontinuity, were described and compared across groups. Participants Individuals with cleft lip (n = 42), unaffected relatives of persons with a cleft (n = 57) and healthy controls (n = 41) were compared. Results Frequencies of NLF discontinuity differed across cleft, relative, and control groups. NLF discontinuities were observed more frequently in individuals with a cleft phenotype (overt cleft or previously identified orbicularis oris muscle defect) than in those with no underlying muscular defect (Fisher exact test, P = .014). Conclusion Results suggest that the appearance of facial soft tissue during movement of the midface is moderated at least in part by underlying cleft risk factors, indicating certain facial movements as candidate physical markers for extension of the cleft phenotype.
Distribution Patterns of E-Cadherin, Type VII Collagen and Fibronectin in Denture-Related Stomatitis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Bars Pierre Le , Soueidan Assem 
Published: January 2012

The distribution of epithelial E-cadherin, basement membrane type VII collagen, and underlying connective tissues fibronectin were investigated immunohistochemically and compared in normal palatal mucosa and in denture-related stomatitis (DRS) derivatives using monoclonal antibodies.Biopsies of palatal mucosa were obtained from twelve patients enrolled in this study, 8 with type II DRS and 4 with healthy mucosa.Our findings bring to the fore, using the expression of three components (E-cadherin, collagen type VII, fibronectin), the continuities of the disorder among epithelial, basement membrane and connective tissue in the case of DRS. In type II denture-related stomatitis, we found an expression of E-cadherinin all the strata of epithelia, and the diffuse and strong expression of type VII collagen at the interface between connective tissue and epithelial cells with discontinuities in BM. The strong expression of fibronectin in underlying connective tissue with penetration in some areas of the palatal mucosa may be an early consequence of advanced DRS. Nevertheless; no single change is pathognomonic of this inflammatory process.In normal tissues (healthy clinical aspect), E-cadherin was found to be restricted to the upper strata of the epithelia, and type VII collagen revealed thin linear staining in the basement membrane and fibronectin in underlying connective tissue combined epithelia.In the case of denture-related stomatitis DRS, these three markers reflect the immunohistological modifications from the superficial layer of the epithelium to thelamina propria.
Tire Surface Vibration and Sound Radiation Resulting from the Tire Cavity Mode
Authors: Jessop A. M. , Bolton J. S. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
It is well-known that acoustical modes exist in tire cavities. Previous research on tire cavity modes has focused on the transmission of structure-borne noise to the vehicle interior due to the force that the tire cavity mode exerts on the wheel hub. In contrast, here the major concern is the identification of the tire surface vibration and the sound radiation from the tire surface that can be attributed to the tire cavity mode. The surface normal vibration of a point-driven tire has been measured over a complete circumference by using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer. When the space-frequency data is transformed to the wave number-frequency domain, a clear feature that can be attributed to the tire cavity mode becomes visible. Although the magnitude of the surface vibration resulting from the tire cavity mode is small, its radiation efficiency is high owing to the high phase speed of the acoustical waves that create the tire cavity mode. It has also been found, that, as expected, tire vibration features associated with the tire cavity mode disappear when the tire is filled with fibrous, sound-absorbing material. Finally, measurements of sound radiation from a tire driven by a steady-state, point-input, and from a tire driven by a uniform impact over the contact patch area are presented, and the features associated with the tire cavity mode are highlighted.
Tire Burst Phenomenon and Rupture of a Typical Truck Tire Bead Design
Authors: Michel L. , Vadean A. , Benoit R. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Even though relatively rare, the tire failures are very dangerous. An example of tire failure is over-pressurization that usually occurs during inflation of the tire, when the latter is inflated well beyond the pressure recommended by the tire manufacturer. When inflating tires, personnel assigned to vehicle repair and maintenance are likely to suffer severe injuries if several safety rules are ignored.
Experimental data on tire burst is somewhat rare in the open literature. In order to determine the strength limits of a typical truck tire and describe the mechanism of the tire burst phenomenon, a hydrostatic burst test was first conducted on an 11R22.5 tire. From this test, tire burst pressure was determined. Over pressurizing the tire results in a high tension in the steel wire beads. As the total strain this kind of steel can withstand is rather low, their fracture will be source of the general failure. Then, an x-ray inspection and microscopic analysis were performed on the tire beads in order to characterize their behavior and failure.
Furthermore, a finite element analysis was also conducted using material properties from the available literature to determine the inflation pressure resulting in failure of a new tire. The model was able to well predict the tire burst pressure by identifying the pressure at which the maximal plastic strain of steel bead wires is reached.
Finally, the various tests and finite element analysis allowed to understand why, where, when, and how a truck tire fails when over pressurized.
Directionality of Tangential Force Variation in High Speed Uniformity
Authors: Li Desheng 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Tire nonuniformity may affect vehicle ride comfort quality especially while vehicles are running at highway speeds. Spindle force variations in the radial, tangential, and lateral directions are normally used as parameters evaluating tire high speed uniformity performance. An interesting physical phenomenon—directionality of tangential force variation has been observed for many tires. The directionality of tangential force variation means that tangential force variation is different when a tire is measured in the clockwise and counter-clockwise directions under the same test conditions. In this paper, a theory is developed to explain the interesting physical phenomenon. Simulation and analysis are conducted using a dynamic tire model. It is found that the directionality of tangential force variation is caused by the interaction of different types of nonuniformities in tires such as mass and geometry variations.
From Homophonic to Polyphonic Organization: European Team Sports Clubs in Transformation
Authors: Storm Rasmus 
Published: January 2012

From Homophonic to Polyphonic Organization: European Team Sports Clubs in Transformation
Several European sports - especially association football - have rapidly evolved from amateur status into high-income professional sports in the last two decades or so. During this development the scope and objectives of the clubs have been broadened as the clubs to a growing degree serve several concurrent goals such as striving for profit maximization, a high winning percent, fan loyalty, spectator attendance and TV viewers, coupled with satisfying demands from the environment for various kinds of community engagement and sometimes even social or cultural aspects. Taking this development as its point of departure, this paper aims at deploying a theoretical framework capable of better understanding the objectives of European football clubs as they have developed into a complex situation of professionalism. This is done by deploying a systems theoretical approach, thus regarding the clubs as evolving from homophonic towards polyphonic organization.
Gender Specific Developmental Dynamics between Physical Education Task Values and Physical Activity during Junior High School
Authors: Yli-Piipari Sami , Jaakkola Timo , Liukkonen Jarmo 
Published: January 2012

Gender Specific Developmental Dynamics between Physical Education Task Values and Physical Activity during Junior High School
This study investigated the gender specific developmental dynamics of students' physical education task values and physical activity across junior high school. A total of 812 (430 boys, 382 girls, Mage = 12.31, age range = 11 to 13) students' were examined three times during their transition from Grade 7 to Grade 9. Furthermore, their physical activity at Grade 6 was measured. Multivariate simplex-model analyses found degreasing pattern of student' physical education task motivation and physical activity. The decrease of students' task values leveled off at Grades 8 and 9, whereas students' physical activity for both genders continued to decrease across Grades 7 to 9. In addition, students' physical education task values predicted their subsequent physical activity when previous levels of values and activity as well as physical activity at Grade 6 were controlled. Although boys' valued physical education more and they were more physically active, there were no gender differences in the pattern of development of physical education task values and physical activity. These findings indicate that the development of students' physical activity might be affected by fostering their values toward physical education.
Physical Education and Special Educational Needs in North-West England
Authors: Maher Anthony 
Published: January 2012

Physical Education and Special Educational Needs in North-West EnglandThe paper examines the inclusion of pupils with special educational needs (SEN) in mainstream secondary schools from the perspective of physical education (PE) teachers. The findings of this case study, which used individual interviews and was undertaken in the North-West of England, suggest that team games are activities which teachers find particularly difficult to plan and deliver in an inclusive way. Specifically, many teachers suggested that there was limited opportunity for individual planning during team games and that they found it difficult to develop and implement rules and adapt games to make them more inclusive. Moreover, there was an expressed feeling among teachers that, first, their initial teacher training (ITT) had not prepared them adequately for their day-to-day endeavours to include pupils with SEN in PE; and, second, that the schools in which they work are not providing them with any inclusion training. Finally, there was a general feeling among PE teachers that they are not receiving enough support from special educational needs coordinators (SENCOs) and learning support assistants (LSAs) whose role is, lest we forget, to enable teachers to include pupils with SEN in the mainstream education system.
The Turnovers Analysis to the Women's National League Basketball Games
Authors: Fylaktakidou Anastassia , Tsamourtzis Evangelos , Zaggelidis Georgios 
Published: January 2012

The Turnovers Analysis to the Women's National League Basketball Games
The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the turnovers efficacy to the result of a basketball game. For the purpose of this study forty-three (n=43) women A1 National league basketball games were videotaped and video-analyzed. Statistical analysis of this data included the presentation of frequencies in a double table and the application of x2. The results showed that a) 19,1% of the possessions stop after a turnover, b) the most common turnover to the women basketball is the passing errors (40,2%). Travelling (23,6%) and fault ball handling (23,9%) follow, c) most of the turnovers happen during the set play, d) most of the fault passes take place from the area around the three point line to the opposite base line, most of the traveling and the fault ball handling to the area around the basket and inside the three point line, e) the ability to defeat the zone defense is of a real importance because the women basketball teams use to play this defense and most of the turnovers seems to happen under these circumstances (winners 16,5% - losers 22,2%).
Les contagions « filmi » : le spectateur et l'art de mêler les plans dans le cinéma de Bombay
Authors: Grimaud Emmanuel 
Published: January 2012

Résumé Le rapport entre le cinéma hindi et son public est le plus souvent glosé en termes d’imitation ou d’influence (à tel point qu’on dit d’une personne qu’elle se comporte de manière filmi , qu’elle parle ou qu’elle s’habille filmi ), partageant le public indien en deux : d’un côté, le spectateur qui sait faire la différence entre la fiction et la réalité et, de l’autre, le spectateur « automate », qui confond les deux et répète volontiers ce qu’il a vu. On a choisi d’explorer plusieurs cas où le spectateur, en dehors de la projection, soumet le cinéma et son public à une véritable mise à l’épreuve. Celle-ci admet plusieurs formes : test de contagion , de ressemblance , de vigueur , de viabilité et de vraisemblance. Les variantes de ce test seront autant de moyens d’enrichir et de « retemporaliser » la relation cinématographique, car entre la projection et la conversation, et de la conversation à la reproduction (dont on sait qu’elle n’a jamais lieu « à l’identique »), il n’y a pas confirmation seulement d’une connivence cognitive établie dans l’intimité du rapport à l’écran. Changer de moment, c’est aussi d’une certaine manière changer de rapport au cinéma et à sa multiplicité d’objets reproductibles.
Habiter à Dûwîqa au Caire. Dedans et dehors d'une société de proximité
Authors: Puig Nicolas 
Published: January 2012

Résumé Création réglementaire provisoire destinée à héberger une population pauvre ne disposant pas des moyens de se maintenir dans son quartier d’origine, la cité de Dûwîqa est devenue une réalité résidentielle et sociale plus durable. Grâce à une vie sociale intense et intégrative, les habitants sont désormais enracinés dans une communauté de quartier. Ce dernier est, en effet, un lieu majeur de socialisation et de prescription normative. Toutefois, loin de refléter un enfermement, cette inscription territoriale s’articule avec des mobilités quotidiennes importantes en direction des autres lieux de la ville. De l’ancrage dans l’espace de résidence aux « passages » vers les autres lieux de la ville, une double dimension de l’expérience urbaine des habitants de Dûwîqa est ainsi décrite.