bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criteria for assessing climate change impacts on ecosystems
Authors: Loehle Craig 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThere is concern about the potential impacts of climate change on species and ecosystems. To address this concern, a large body of literature has developed in which these impacts are assessed. In this study, criteria for conducting reliable and useful assessments of impacts of future climate are suggested. The major decisions involve: clearly defining an emissions scenario; selecting a climate model; evaluating climate model skill and bias; quantifying General Circulation Model (GCM) between‐model variability; selecting an ecosystem model and assessing uncertainty; properly considering transient versus equilibrium responses; including effects of CO2 on plant response; evaluating implications of simplifying assumptions; and considering animal linkage with vegetation. A sample of the literature was surveyed in light of these criteria. Many of the studies used climate simulations that were >10 years old and not representative of best current models. Future effects of elevated CO2 on plant drought resistance and productivity were generally included in growth model studies but not in niche (habitat suitability) studies, causing the latter to forecast greater future adverse impacts. Overly simplified spatial representation was frequent and caused the existence of refugia to be underestimated. Few studies compared multiple climate simulations and ecosystem models (including parametric uncertainty), leading to a false impression of precision and potentially arbitrary results due to high between‐model variance. No study assessed climate model retrodictive skill or bias. Overall, most current studies fail to meet all of the proposed criteria. Suggestions for improving assessments are provided.
Human Langerhans cells capture measles virus through Langerin and present viral antigens to CD4+ T cells but are incapable of cross‐presentation
Authors: van der Vlist Michiel , de Witte Lot , de Vries Rory D. , Litjens Manja , de Jong Marein A. W. P. , Fluitsma Donna , de Swart Rik L. , Geijtenbeek Teunis B. H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLangerhans cells (LCs) are a subset of DCs that reside in the upper respiratory tract and are ideally suited to sense respiratory virus infections. Measles virus (MV) is a highly infectious lymphotropic and myelotropic virus that enters the host via the respiratory tract. Here, we show that human primary LCs are capable of capturing MV through the C‐type lectin Langerin. Both immature and mature LCs presented MV‐derived antigens in the context of HLA class II to MV‐specific CD4+ T cells. Immature LCs were not susceptible to productive infection by MV and did not present endogenous viral antigens in the context of HLA class I. In contrast, mature LCs could be infected by MV and presented de novo synthesized viral antigens to MV‐specific CD8+ T cells. Notably, neither immature nor mature LCs were able to cross‐present exogenous UV‐inactivated MV or MV‐infected apoptotic cells. The lack of direct infection of immature LCs, and the inability of both immature and mature LCs to cross‐present MV antigens, suggest that human LCs may not be directly involved in priming MV‐specific CD8+ T cells. Immune activation of LCs seems a prerequisite for MV infection of LCs and subsequent CD8+ T‐cell priming via the endogenous antigen presentation pathway.
Autonomous and extrinsic regulation of thymopoiesis inhuman immune system (HIS) mice
Authors: Huntington Nicholas D. , Alves Nuno L. , Legrand Nicolas , Lim Annick , Strick‐Marchand Hélène , Plet Ariane , Weijer Kees , Jacques Yannick , Spits Hergen , Di Santo James P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHuman Immune System (HIS) mice represent a novel biotechnology platform to dissect human haematopoiesis and immune responses. However, the limited human T‐cell development that is observed in HIS mice restricts its utility for these applications. Here, we address whether reduced thymopoiesis in HIS mice reflects an autonomous defect in T‐cell precursors and/or a defect in the murine thymic niche. Human thymocyte precursors seed the mouse thymus and their reciprocal interactions with murine thymic epithelial cells (TECs) led to both T‐cell and TEC maturation. The human thymocyte subsets observed in HIS mice demonstrated survival, proliferative and phenotypic characteristics of their normal human counterparts, suggesting that the intrinsic developmental program of human thymocytes unfolds normally in this xenograft setting. We observed that exogenous administration of human IL‐15/IL‐15Rα agonistic complexes induced the survival, proliferation and absolute numbers of immature human thymocyte subsets, without any obvious effect on cell‐surface phenotype or TCR Vβ usage amongst the newly selected mature single‐positive (SP) thymocytes. Finally, when IL‐15 was administered early after stem cell transplantation, we noted accelerated thymopoiesis resulting in the more rapid appearance of peripheral naïve T cells. Our results highlight the functional capacity of murine thymic stroma cells in promoting human thymopoiesis in HIS mice but suggest that the “cross‐talk” between murine thymic stroma and human haematopoietic precursors may be suboptimal. As IL‐15 immunotherapy promotes early thymopoiesis, this novel approach could be used to reduce the period of T‐cell immunodeficiency in the post‐transplant clinical setting.
Improving the quality of grape seed oil by maceration with grinded fresh grape seeds
Authors: Pardo José E. , Rubio Manuela , Pardo Arturo , Zied Diego C. , Álvarez‐Ortí Manuel 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSamples of refined grape seed oil macerated with grinded fresh grape seeds were analyzed in order to study the consumers' preferences for the new oil characteristics provided by the maceration. Physical and chemical parameters have also been analyzed to study whether they remain unchanged during this process. The grape varieties used for the maceration were Airen, Sauvignon Blanc, Tempranillo, and Cabernet Sauvignon. The best values for the sensory parameters evaluated (smell and taste) were obtained with the red varieties (Tempranillo and Cabernet Sauvignon) in low concentrations of grape seed (50 g seed in 950 mL of refined oil) and shorter maceration time (2–7 days). An increase in the concentration of grape seeds in the maceration provides higher values in the component b* (blue–yellow component) and reduces the values of attribute h* (tone angle). Finally, several chemical parameters were measured in order to determine possible changes occurring in the macerated samples. K232, K270, acidity, peroxide index, fatty acids, sterols, polyphenols, and oxidative stability were analyzed. The chemical analysis in macerated samples showed only slight differences from the original product, however these values were acceptable for human consumption in any case. All samples were positively rated in the sensory evaluation, indicating that the grape seed oil has a pleasant smell and taste for consumers and may be an alternative to traditional seed oils.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrile Imines with Cyclic α‐β‐Unsaturated Ketones: A Regiochemical Route to Ring‐Fused Pyrazoles
Authors: Chandanshive Jay Zumbar , Bonini Bianca Flavia , Tiznado William , Escobar Carlos A. , Caballero Julio , Femoni Cristina , Fochi Mariafrancesca , Comes Franchini Mauro 
Published: July 2011

Abstract1,3‐Dipolar cycloadditions ofC‐carboxymethyl‐N‐arylnitrile imines with cyclic α,β‐unsaturated ketones of various sizes have been studied. After cycloaddition, oxidative aromatization gives the ring‐fused pyrazoles. Computational studies and the use of topological analyses of the Fukui functions allows a theoretical description of the local reactivity that is in agreement with the experimentally observed regiochemistry.
Sulfamethoxazole‐Imprinted Polymeric Receptor as Ionophore for Potentiometric Transduction
Authors: Arvand M. , Alirezanejad F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis work proposes a new biomimetic sensor material for sulfamethoxazole. It is prepared by means of radical polymerization, having ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross‐linker, 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as radical initiator, methacrylic acid as a functional monomer and acetonitrile as porogenic solvent. Sulfamethoxazole sensor with 10.9 % of imprinted particles showed the best response in terms of slope (58.3 mV/decade) and detection limit (6.3×10−8 mol L−1). This electrode displayed also a good selectivity towards the sulfonamide antibiotics, glucose, calcium, ammonium, nickel, sodium and zinc. The sensor was not affected by pH<2.2 and pH>6. The electrode was successfully applied to the analysis of food and biological samples.
Electrochemical Analysis of Conductive Polymer‐Coated LiFePO4 Nanocrystalline Cathodes with Controlled Morphology
Authors: Dinh Hung‐Cuong , Mho Sun‐il , Yeo In‐Hyeong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNanocrystalline LiFePO4 particles and donut‐ and dumbbell‐shaped LiFePO4 microstructures hierarchically constructed with the nanoparticles were synthesized. Coating the surfaces of the LiFePO4 particles with conductive polymers, poly‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), improved battery characteristics, such as specific capacity, capacity retention, and impedances, by increasing the ionic and electric conductivities of the cathode materials as well as by enhancing the accessibility of lithium ions. The nanocrystalline LiFePO4 that was coated with PEDOT exhibited even larger values than the theoretical value of LiFePO4 at a rate of 1 C or lower rates were observed, with its largest specific capacities of 190 mAh g−1 and 175 mAh g−1 at the rates of 0.2 C and 1 C, respectively, due to the compatibility of the redox characteristics of LiFePO4 and PEDOT. The cathode composed of nanocrystalline LiFePO4 that was coated with PEDOT exhibited the lowest value of the charge transfer resistances (Rct) from the electrochemical impedance analysis.
Effect of ENSO events on sediment production in a large coastal basin in northern Peru
Authors: Tote Carolien , Govers Gerard , Van Kerckhoven Stijn , Filiberto Isabel , Verstraeten Gert , Eerens Herman 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTAlthough the importance of ENSO on hydrological anomalies has been recognized, variations in sediment fluxes caused by these extreme events are poorly documented. The effect of ENSO is not limited to changes in sediment mobilization. Since ENSO events can affect terrestrial ecosystems, they may have important effects on sediment production and transport in river basins over time spans that are longer than the duration of the event itself. The Catamayo‐Chira basin is an interesting casestudy for investigating these geomorphic implications. The objectives were: (i) to study the effect of ENSO on stream flow and sediment yields in the basin, (ii) to investigate if ENSO events affect sediment yields in the post‐ENSO period and (iii) to understand which factors control the ENSO and post‐ENSO basin response. During strong negative ENSO periods, mean annual stream flow discharge at the inlet of the Poechos reservoir in the lower basin was 5.4 times higher than normal annual discharges, while average sediment fluxes exceeded those of normal years by a factor of about 11. In two heavily affected periods, 45.9% of the total sediment yield in the 29 years observation period was generated. Sediment fluxes in the post‐ENSO period are lower than expected, which proves post‐ENSO event dynamics are significantly different from pre‐event dynamics. Our analysis indicates the increase of vegetation growth in the lower basin is not the main reason explaining considerable sediment flux decrease in post‐ENSO periods. During strong ENSO events, sediment in alluvial stores in the lower part of the basin is removed due to enlarging and deepening of channels. In post‐ENSO periods, normal discharges and persisting sediment supplies from the middle/upper basin lead to river aggradation and storage of large amounts of sediment in alluvial plains. The decrease in sediment export will last for several years until the equilibrium is re‐established. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volcanic sands of Iceland ‐ Diverse origins of aeolian sand deposits revealed at Dyngjusandur and Lambahraun
Authors: Baratoux D. , Mangold N. , Arnalds O. , Bardintzeff J.‐M. , Platevoët B. , Grégoire M. , Pinet P. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe origin, formation and evolution of volcanic sands are less well known than the formation of the much more common quartz‐rich sand sheets. Combining active volcanism and a cold climate, Iceland is covered for about 21% of its surface by sandy areas. The sands were analyzed in detail at two sites and results reveal their diverse origins. The first site is Dyngjusandur, located north of Vatnajökull, and the second site is the Lambahraun area, located south of Langjökull. At both sites, the sand origin is determined from field observations (wind directions from ventifacts), chemical and mineralogical analyses of rocks and sands. At Dyngjusandur, the sand is dominated by glass grains, a situation typical of sand plains in Iceland. Hyaloclastite ridges presently buried beneath Vatnajökull are the dominant source of the sand, and only large size plagioclase crystals (0.5 cm) in sands seem to be derived from the lava flows. Hyaloclastite ridges were crushed by glaciers and mechanically eroded sediments were washed out by melt‐water onto flood plains. The sand chemical composition is spatially homogeneous and similar to the average composition of neighboring sub‐aerial lava flows, reflecting efficient mixing of distinct sources below the glacier. The presence of sand north of Dyngjujökull can be taken as a way to explore the average chemical composition of non‐exposed volcanic material beneath the glacier. In the case of Lambahraun, prevailing winds indicate several potential sources of sand at the north of the sand sheet. Comparison of chemical and mineralogical analyses of sands and rock samples helped to refine the exact origin. In contrast with the first site, the sand is dominated by crystals and is chemically consistent with a mixture of material derived from the lava flows of Eldborgir and Skersli shield volcanoes. Analysis of the contact between the lava flows and the glacier reveals that basaltic sand grains formed as the result of recent advances of the glacier abrading the rocks. The direct interaction of glacial and fluvio‐glacial activity with basaltic plains appears to be necessary to produce a large amount of sands in a relatively short period of time (<4000 years). This site appears to be an excellent natural laboratory for further studies concerning the sand evolution and physical sorting processes in basaltic material, which have important implications for understanding aeolian processes on Mars. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐varying jump risk premia in stock index futures returns
Authors: Chan Wing Hong , Feng Liling 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study tests the presence of time‐varying risk premia associated with extreme news events or jumps in stock index futures return. The model allows for a dynamic jump component with autoregressive jump intensity, long‐range dependence in volatility dynamics, and a volatility in mean structure separately for the normal and extreme news events. The results show significant jump risk premia in four stock market index futures returns including the DAX, FTSE, Nikkei, and S&P500 indices. Our results are robust to various specifications of conditional variance including the plain GARCH, component GARCH, and Fractionally Integrated GARCH models. We also find the time‐varying risk premium associated with normal news events is not significant across all indices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 32:639–659, 2012
Commonality in trading activity and futures‐cash basis: Evidence from the Taiwan futures and stock markets
Authors: Lee Hsiu‐Chuan , Chien Cheng‐Yi , Liao Tzu‐Hsiang 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study examines commonality in trading activity by various types of institutional investors across futures and stock markets, and the dynamic relationship between the common factors in trading activity and the futures‐cash basis. The empirical results provide evidence of commonality in trading activity by various types of institutional investors across futures and stock markets. Additionally, this study finds that the first principal component of trading activity is most closely related to the futures trading of mutual funds. Moreover, the empirical results indicate that the first principal component of trading activity and mutual funds' futures trading Granger‐cause the futures‐cash basis and vice versa. Finally, the results of the impulse response functions show that the first principal component of trading activity as well as mutual funds' futures trading have a greater impact on the futures‐cash basis than other common factors and other investor types. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 32:964–994, 2012
Selection of irrigation fluid to eradicate free cancer cells during head and neck cancer surgery
Authors: Hah J. Hun , Roh Dong Hwan , Jung Young Ho , Kim Kwang Hyun , Sung Myung‐Whun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundFree cancer cells can be spilled out from exposed tumors or ruptured tumors. We examined the cytocidal effect of various irrigation fluids on free cancer cells in an animal wound model mimicking head and neck surgery.MethodsCancer cell–contaminated wounds were made with C3H/HeJ mice and syngeneic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC VII) cells. Distilled water, 5% povidone–iodine, 1.5% H2O2, normal saline, and cisplatin were used to irrigate for 5 minutes. In vitro tumor growth assays were done with different concentrations and exposure times of povidone–iodine and distilled water.ResultsIn the animal study, povidone–iodine significantly inhibited tumor growth. Povidone–iodine caused substantial inhibition of in vitro tumor growth, even at the concentration of 0.05%. After 30 seconds of exposure to 1% povidone–iodine, cancer cells were completely inhibited.ConclusionsPovidone–iodine could be selected preferentially for the irrigation fluid during head and neck surgery, especially when the wound is suspected of cancer cell contamination. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
EGFR expression in advanced head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sweeny Larissa , Dean Nichole R. , Magnuson J. Scott , Carroll William R. , Helman Emily E. , Hyde Stephen O. , Desmond Renee L. , Rosenthal Eben L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe significance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck remains poorly understood.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients with advanced‐stage (stage III or stage IV) cutaneous SCC of the head and neck (n = 56).ResultsThe majority of patients (91%) had stage III disease, with 54% having regional metastasis and 9% with distant metastasis. Two‐year survival was 64% and the 5‐year survival was 56%. EGFR was found to be overexpressed in 56% of primary tumors and 58% of regional metastatic disease. Overall survival did not correlate with EGFR (p = .47) expression in primary lesions, nor was it associated with an increase in regional (p = .74) or distant metastasis (p = .56). Furthermore, there was no correlation between clinicopathologic characteristics and EGFR expressionConclusionsThese data do not suggest upregulation of EGFR is associated with poor survival or aggressive disease. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
A specific deficit in spatial memory acquisition in post‐traumatic stress disorder and the role of sleep in its consolidation
Authors: Tempesta D. , Mazza M. , Iaria G. , De Gennaro L. , Ferrara M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by the presence of anatomo‐functional hippocampal alterations. To date, the ability to orient within the environment, which relies on hippocampal integrity, has never been investigated in PTSD. We hypothesized that the ability to form a cognitive map of the environment would be impaired in PTSD. Moreover, spatial memory consolidation benefits from postlearning sleep. Because PTSD individuals often complain about sleep disturbances, we hypothesized that any sleep effect on memory performance would be hampered in these subjects. Twenty‐two subjects, all survivors of the L'Aquila 2009 earthquake, were divided into a PTSD and a control group, based on clinical evaluation. After an acquisition phase, they were tested twice (“test” and “retest”) on a virtual navigation task. In addition, participants were administered the Digit Span and Task Switching. Subjective sleep quality and sleep disturbances were also assessed. The two testing sessions were on consecutive mornings, interspersed with a night of sleep. During the acquisition phase, the PTSD group took more than twice as long to form a cognitive map of the environment compared to the control group. However, once this phase was successfully completed, the two groups did not differ at test, but they tendentially differed at postsleep retest. Additional analyses comparing performances between groups on test–retest difference scores confirm that sleep‐dependent consolidation may be differentially affected in the two groups. Our findings are strictly confined to the navigation performance, excluding a generalized cognitive deficit. PTSD also reported more subjective sleep disturbances and shorter sleep time than controls, which were correlated to worse performance at retest. The specific deficit in the formation of a cognitive map reported in PTSD may be related to hippocampal dysfunctions as well as to the sleep disturbances experienced by these patients. The possible deficiency of sleep‐dependent spatial performance improvement should however be confirmed by further studies comprising a wake control group. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mucocele of the vermiform appendix misdiagnosed as an adnexal mass on transvaginal sonography
Authors: Papoutsis Dimitrios , Protopappas Athanasios , Belitsos Panagiotis , Sotiropoulou Maria , Antonakou Angeliki , Loutradis Dimitrios , Antsaklis Aris 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMucocele of the vermiform appendix is a rare entity that may mimic a right‐sided adnexal mass. We describe a case of appendiceal mucocele in a 78‐year‐old woman that was initially misdiagnosed as a potentially malignant right ovarian tumor and briefly review the literature on sonographic features of this entity. It is important to improve preoperative diagnosis so as to prevent rupture of mucocele at surgery, which may lead to pseudomyxoma peritonei, and also to seek intraoperatively for the presence of synchronous colorectal neoplasms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 40:522–525, 2012