bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in ranging and agonistic behavior of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) after predator‐induced group fusion
Authors: Jaffe Karin Enstam , Isbell Lynne A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSocio‐ecological theory predicts that group fusion in female‐philopatric primate species will be rare because females experience increased costs by associating with non‐relatives. Indeed, fusion has been reported only 14 times in only 4 female‐philopatric cercopithecines despite many years of observation. Here, we describe changes in ranging and agonistic behavior of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) after the fusion of two groups, the sole group fusion during 11 years of observation, induced by a brief but intense period of apparent leopard predation. Before fusion, both groups made few incursions into the other group's territory and spent most of the time in their own territories. After the fusion, the amalgamated group shifted its activities and used both territories in similar proportion. Rates of female agonism increased after fusion, particularly in the 2 weeks following fusion, and the small group females assumed the lowest ranks in the female dominance hierarchy. Rates of agonism returned to prefusion rates a month later. Although rates of high‐intensity interactions (i.e., chases) did not increase after fusion, small group females were more likely to be the recipients of, and lose, agonistic interactions than large group females; a small group female and her infant were attacked and wounded by a coalition of large group females shortly after the fusion. The observations presented here reveal that the circumstances surrounding group fusions are more variable than previously realized, but are still in accordance with expectations from socio‐ecological theory that predation can favor the formation of larger groups. In this case, under threat of severe predation, individuals may have surrendered group autonomy for the greater security of larger numbers. Am. J. Primatol. 72:634–644, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective expression of connective tissue growth factor in fibroblasts in vivo promotes systemic tissue fibrosis
Authors: Sonnylal Sonali , Shi‐Wen Xu , Leoni Patricia , Naff Katherine , Van Pelt Caroline S. , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Leask Andrew , Abraham David , Bou‐Gharios George , de Crombrugghe Benoit 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveConnective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a cysteine‐rich secreted matricellular protein involved in wound healing and tissue repair. Enhanced and prolonged expression of CTGF has been associated with tissue fibrosis in humans. However, questions remain as to whether CTGF expression alone is sufficient to drive fibrosis. This study was undertaken to investigate whether CTGF alone is sufficient to cause fibrosis in intact animals and whether its effects are mediated through activation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling or through distinct signal transduction pathways.MethodsWe generated mice overexpressing CTGF in fibroblasts under the control of the fibroblast‐specific collagen α2(I) promoter enhancer. Tissues such as skin, lung, and kidney were harvested for histologic analysis. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts were prepared from embryos (14.5 days postcoitum) for biochemical analysis.ResultsMice overexpressing CTGF in fibroblasts were susceptible to accelerated tissue fibrosis affecting the skin, lung, kidney, and vasculature, most notably the small arteries. We identified a marked expansion of the myofibroblast cell population in the dermis. RNA analysis of transgenic dermal fibroblasts revealed elevated expression of key matrix genes, consistent with a fibrogenic response. CTGF induced phosphorylation of p38, ERK‐1/2, JNK, and Akt, but not Smad3, in transgenic mouse fibroblasts compared with wild‐type mouse fibroblasts. Transfection experiments showed significantly increased basal activity of the CTGF and serum response element promoters, and enhanced induction of the CTGF promoter in the presence of TGFβ.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that selective expression of CTGF in fibroblasts alone causes tissue fibrosis in vivo through specific signaling pathways, integrating cues from the extracellular matrix into signal transduction pathways to orchestrate pivotal biologic responses relevant to tissue repair and fibrosis.
Deutsches Archäologisches Institut DAI in Rom
Authors: Czentner Günther , Fiedler Lutz , Kapphahn Gerd , Steffens Klaus 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDie Bundesrepublik betreibt in Rom das Deutsche Archäologische Institut (DAI). Der achtstöckige Stahlbeton‐Skelettbau aus dem Baujahr 1963 mit ca. 8000 m2 Geschossfläche als Rippendecken mit Ziegelhohlkörpern soll für Bibliothekslasten überprüft und erdbebensicher ertüchtigt werden.Rechnerische Nachweise und ein früherer Belastungsversuch mit Wasserballast ergaben keine ausreichende Tragsicherheit. Um einen sehr aufwendigen Dübelverbund der geplanten Aufbetonschicht zur Herstellung der erforderlichen Platten‐ und Scheibensteifigkeit zu vermeiden, ist im März 2009 an repräsentativen Testbereichen die Tragwirkung eines flächigen Haftverbunds in situ erprobt worden. Aus den Ergebnissen der zerstörungsfreien Ermittlung der Grenzschnittgrößen für das Verbundsystem Bestand — Verbundschicht — Aufbeton konnte anschließend in einem hybriden Verfahren die Tragsicherheit für Bibliothekslasten q = 6,0 kN/m2 sowie die Erdbebensicherheit rechnerisch nachgewiesen werden.Die Belastungsversuche in situ erforderten regelbare Versuchslasten bis zu ΣF = 360 kN je Deckenfeld und haben eine Versuchsdauer von 2 Wochen in Anspruch genommen. Das gesamte Equipment wurde per LKW nach Rom transportiert und wog etwa 8 t.German Archaeologicial Institute in Rome — Structural safety for library loads and earthquake‐proof with hybrid statics. The Federal Republic of Germany supports the German Archaeological Institute in Rome. The 8‐storey steal concrete frame building from 1963 with 6000 m2 storey area has ribbed slabs with hollow‐bricks should be enforced for library use and earthquake‐proof. From Numerical calculations and a former loading test with water ballast, no adequate structural safety results. In March 2009 at adequate test areas the bearing capacity of a mineral resin‐bonding was tested in situ to avoid a very expensive stud bond for the planned blinding concrete for the necessary slab stiffness. From the non‐destructive evaluation of the limit stress resultant for the composit system “actual slab — knitting layer — structural concrete topping” the structural safety for library loads q = 6,0 kN/m2 and seismic design could be verified with hybrid statics.The loading tests in situ required controllable test loads up to ΣF = 360 kN for each ceiling panel have been accomplished during two weeks. The total equipment of about 8 tons was transported by truck to Rome.
Zur Feuchteproblematik in Eissporthallen
Authors: Güldenpfennig Jürgen , Vogelsberg Achim , Stamminger Petra 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAufgrund vieler Untersuchungen zur Standsicherheit von Eissporthallen wurde festgestellt, dass diese in unterschiedlichem Maße saniert werden müssen. Die Holzfeuchtigkeit der Tragkonstruktionen betrug meistens langanhaltend über 20 %. Daher wurden Untersuchungen zu den Ursachen hoher Holzfeuchten in Eissporthallen durchgeführt. Eine der Ursachen liegt in dem Strahlungsaustausch zwischen der Hallendecke und der Eisfläche. Zu dieser Problematik wurden Versuche durchgeführt und daraus mögliche Verbesserungsvorschläge für Eissporthallen abgeleitet.About the humidity problem in ice rinks. After expertising the structural safety of several ice rinks, it was detected that the constructions of several buildings have to be redeveloped. The long lasting wood moisture of the main structure was predominantly over 20 %. Therefore research into the reason of high wood moisture in ice rinks was made. One fact is the exchange of radiation between the ceiling and the ice. This problem was analysed in tests and suggestions for improvement are made.
Gestörter Bauablauf — Baubetriebliche Ermittlung von Bauzeitverlängerungen und Berechnung der Mehrkosten
Authors: Bötzkes Frank A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDer Nachweis des gestörten Bauablaufs ist die schwierigste Herausforderung für Baubetriebler. Dies liegt nicht nur an der Komplexität gestörter Bauabläufe großer Projekte, sondern vor allem an den Anforderungen, die Baujuristen an den Nachweis stellen.Disturbed construction process — Determination of extra construction time and calculation of the additional costs of construction. The detection of the disturbed construction process is the most difficult challenge for construction managers. This is not only because of the complexity of disturbed construction processes of large projects, but primarily because of the requirements of demonstration for the legal experts in construction.
Hölzerne Bogenbrücken und Modellstatik von Perrault bis Euler
Authors: Holzer Stefan M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDie alte Idee einer hölzernen Brücke mit einem Tragwerk aus polygonalen Stabbögen wurde im 17. Jh. wiederbelebt und zieht sich von da an durch die Fachliteratur zum Bauwesen. Praktische Anwendungen der Idee finden sich jedoch erst in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jh., und zwar vor allem im Lehrgerüstbau. Der Beitrag verfolgt einen Entwurf Claude Perraults und einen Konkurrenzvorschlag, nämlich den hölzernen Stabbogen nach Vorlage der Trajansbrücke über die Donau, durch die Literatur und zeigt auf, dass die Propaganda für hölzerne Bogenbrücken eng verzahnt ist mit den ersten Versuchen einer “Modellstatik”: Das Tragwerk wird im Modell gebaut und belastet, und anhand der Traglast des Modells wird auf jene der Originalbrücke hochgerechnet. Während die Geschichte der Bogenstatik schon oft untersucht worden ist, schlägt der vorliegende Beitrag ein bisher wenig beachtetes Kapitel der frühen Ingenieurwissenschaft auf.Arched timber bridges and structural analysis by scale models. Timber bridges based on the principle of polygonal arches are an idea which received increased attention from the 17th century onwards. However, the idea remained mostly academic. It was intimately connected to early attempts at structural analysis using scale models. The present contribution discusses the evolution of the arched timber bridge and the associated model‐based considerations on the load‐bearing capacity of such structures. When Euler had finally figured out precisely how model‐based analysis could be employed, the high tide of model‐building was already over, and analytical methods came to dominate the scene.
Sensitivity to cadmium chloride‐induced forelimb ectrodactyly is independent of the p53 gene‐dosage in the C57BL/6J mouse
Authors: Elsaid Ahmed F. , Koriem Khaled M. M. , Collins Michael D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The p53 pathway plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis, osteoblast differentiation, skeletal development, and teratogenic sensitivity. The administration of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on gestational day 9 in susceptible mouse strains causes postaxial forelimb ectrodactyly in a percentage of fetuses through unknown mechanisms. In this study, the hypothesis that the p53 gene dosage might affect the incidence or severity of CdCl2–induced forelimb ectrodactyly was examined.METHODS:Heterozygous p53‐null female mice, on the C57BL/6J background known to be sensitive to CdCl2‐induced forelimb ectrodactyly, were mated with heterozygous males and then treated with a single intraperitoneal (ip) dose of CdCl2 (4 mg × kg−1) at embryonic day (ED) 9. Embryos and fetuses, genotyped using DNA isolated from the yolk sacs, were collected at ED10 and examined for the pattern of cell death in the limb buds or collected at ED18 and examined for limb malformations.RESULTS:In the wild type and heterozygous p53 embryonic limb buds, CdCl2‐induced apoptosis involved mesenchymal cells as well as the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), whereas CdCl2‐induced apoptosis was restricted mainly to the AER in the homozygous p53‐null limb buds. No difference in the incidence or severity of forelimb ectrodactyly in the embryos of different p53 genotypes was observed.CONCLUSION:Despite the fact that CdCl2 induced both p53‐dependent (in the mesenchyme) and p53‐independent (in the AER) cell death in the developing limb bud, CdCl2‐induced ectrodactyly was independent of the p53 gene dosage at the studied time point. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Planung und Ausführung einer direkt befahrbaren integralen Brücke in Österreich
Authors: Geier Roman , Klampfer Sepp , Grbic Slobodan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDie integrale Bauweise für kleine und mittlere Brückenlängen hat in Österreich im letzten Jahrzehnt vermehrt Anwendung gefunden. Dies ist in großen Vorteilen bei Errichtung und insbesondere in der Erhaltung begründet, da wartungsintensive Bauteile wie Fugen und Lager nicht erforderlich sind. Durch die Reduktion von weiteren erhaltungsintensiven Bauteilen wie Abdichtung und Fahrbahnbelag können so sehr dauerhafte Tragwerke geschaffen werden. Am Beispiel der Perschlingbrücke, mit 32,0 m lichte Weite in Österreich im Zuge der Landesstraße L2207, sollen die Vorteile des gewählten Bauwerksentwurfes aufgezeigt und die Brücke unter den Gesichtspunkten Entwurf, statische Berechnung und Bauausführung beschrieben werden.
Measurement and correlation for solubility of thiourea in different solvents
Authors: Li Hua , Hu Guoqin , Guo Feng , Zhao Lei , Zhu Jiang , Zhang Yadong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe solubilities of thiourea in pyridine, PEG‐400, DMSO, and dioxane have been determined from 290.05 to 361.45 K by synthetic method. A solubility model is proposed and the solubilities calculated by the model show a good agreement with experimental data.
Hydrogenolysis of glycerol with FeCo macrocyclic complex bonded to Raney Nickel support under mild reaction conditions
Authors: Anand K. A. , Anisia K. S. , Agarwal A. K. , Kumar A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe hydrogenolysis of dilute glycerol solution to 1,2‐propanediol was studied in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst (FeCoL/Raney Nickel) having a heterodinuclear FeCo macrocyclic complex ionically bonded to Raney Nickel. Studies on the stability of the complex bonded to the support were carried out at different temperature as well as the effect of solvent to confirm that it was stable up to 600°C and 100 h of refluxing. In the hydrogenolysis of glycerol, the temperature has been varied from 165 to 220°C with an initial hydrogen pressure 0.35 MPa and the conversion increases from 1% to 36% with no gases evolving in this temperature range. The major product is 1,2‐propanediol which is formed with 80% selectivity. The initial water content (20–60%) in the feed was also varied and it was found that the conversion and yield of 1,2‐propanediol increases when the water content increases. Based on literature, a kinetic model was proposed and optimal rate constants determined using Genetic Algorithm (GA).
Mechanotransduction and blood fluid dynamics in developing blood vessels
Authors: Jones Elizabeth A. V. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe vascular endothelium is the interface in the cardiovascular system between the blood vessel wall and the flowing blood. As such, these cells are exposed to both shear stress and circumferential stretch. Though a lot is known about the regulation of gene expression by flow in mature vascular networks, very little is known in developing vessels. Most vascular networks in the adult are homeostatic, exhibiting very low rates of endothelial cell replication and turnover. In disease states such as cancer or macular degeneration, the vascular system is able to recapitulate embryonic growth and reinduce blood vessel growth. The vasculature that develops is similar to the embryonic vasculature, and so many have used knowledge of embryonic development to interpret pathological blood vessel growth. It was believed until recently that the embryonic vasculature was not sensitive to flow. We recently showed that shear stress is necessary for proper vascular development. We therefore review the role of blood flow and mechanical forces in vascular development. We examine the pattern and magnitude of flow present in primitive vascular networks as well as exploring gene regulation by shear stress in both in vitro and in vivo embryonic systems.
Effect of strontium chloride on the optical and mechanical properties of γ–glycine crystals
Authors: Anbuchezhiyan M. , Ponnusamy S. , Singh S. P. , Pal P. K. , Datta P. K. , Muthamizhchelvan C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSingle crystals of γ‐glycine have been grown from aqueous solution in the presence of small amount of strontium chloride. Single crystal X‐Ray diffraction analysis was used to measure the unit cell parameters and to confirm the crystal structure. The grown crystals have also been subjected to powder X‐Ray diffraction study to identify the crystalline nature. The presence of all the functional groups of the γ‐glycine has been confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis. The presence of hydrogen and carbon in the glycine molecules was confirmed by using proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral analyses. Optical behavior of the crystal was studied using UV – Visible absorbance spectroscopy and second harmonic generation (SHG) studies. The SHG efficiency of γ‐glycine is greater than that of standard potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). Mechanical strength of the γ‐glycine crystal has been determined by microhardness studies. Thermal stability of the grown crystal is probed using thermo gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. Laser damage threshold value has been determined using Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm and with 13 ns pulse width in single shot mode. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Accelerated neuritogenesis and maturation of primary spinal motor neurons in response to nanofibers
Authors: Gertz Caitlyn C. , Leach Michelle K. , Birrell Lisa K. , Martin David C. , Feldman Eva L. , Corey Joseph M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNeuritogenesis, neuronal polarity formation, and maturation of axons and dendrites are strongly influenced by both biochemical and topographical extracellular components. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of polylactic acid electrospun fiber topography on primary motor neuron development, because regeneration of motor axons is extremely limited in the central nervous system and could potentially benefit from the implementation of a synthetic scaffold to encourage regrowth. In this analysis, we found that both aligned and randomly oriented submicron fibers significantly accelerated the processes of neuritogenesis and polarity formation of individual cultured motor neurons compared to flat polymer films and glass controls, likely due to restricted lamellipodia formation observed on fibers. In contrast, dendritic maturation and soma spreading were inhibited on fiber substrates after 2 days in vitro. This study is the first to examine the effects of electrospun fiber topography on motor neuron neuritogenesis and polarity formation. Aligned nanofibers were shown to affect the directionality and timing of motor neuron development, providing further evidence for the effective use of electrospun scaffolds in neural regeneration applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 589–603, 2010
Ehd4 is required to attain normal prepubertal testis size but dispensable for fertility in male mice
Authors: George Manju , Rainey Mark A. , Naramura Mayumi , Ying GuoGuang , Harms Don W. , Vitaterna Martha H. , Doglio Lynn , Crawford Susan E. , Hess Rex A. , Band Vimla , Band Hamid 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe four highly homologous members of the C‐terminal EH domain‐containing (EHD) protein family (EHD1‐4) regulate endocytic recycling. To delineate the role of EHD4 in normal physiology and development, mice with a conditional knockout of the Ehd4 gene were generated. PCR of genomic DNA and Western blotting of organ lysates from Ehd4−/− mice confirmed EHD4 deletion. Ehd4−/− mice were viable and born at expected Mendelian ratios; however, males showed a 50% reduction in testis weight, obvious from postnatal day 31. An early (Day 10) increase in germ cell proliferation and apoptosis and a later increase in apoptosis (Day 31) were seen in the Ehd4−/− testis. Other defects included a progressive reduction in seminiferous tubule diameter, dysregulation of seminiferous epithelium, and head abnormalities in elongated spermatids. As a consequence, lower sperm counts and reduced fertility were observed in Ehd4−/− males. Interestingly, EHD protein expression was seen to be temporally regulated in the testis and EHD4 levels peaked between days 10 and 15. In the adult testis, EHD4 was highly expressed in primary spermatocytes and EHD4 deletion altered the levels of other EHD proteins in an age‐dependent manner. We conclude that high levels of EHD1 in the adult Ehd4−/− testis functionally compensate for lack of EHD4 and prevents the development of severe fertility defects. Our results suggest a role for EHD4 in the proper development of postmitotic and postmeiotic germ cells and implicate EHD protein‐mediated endocytic recycling as an important process in germ cell development and testis function. genesis 48:328–342, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IL‐18, but not IL‐15, contributes to the IL‐12‐dependent induction of NK‐cell effector functions by Leishmania infantum in vivo
Authors: Haeberlein Simone , Sebald Heidi , Bogdan Christian , Schleicher Ulrike 
Published: March 2010

AbstractActivation of NK cells is a hallmark of infections with intracellular pathogens. We previously showed that the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum triggered a rapid NK‐cell response in mice that required TLR9‐positive myeloid DC and IL‐12, but no IFN‐α/β. Here, we investigated whether IL‐15 or IL‐18 mediate the activity of IL‐12 or function as independent activators of NK cells. In contrast to earlier studies that described IL‐15 as crucial for NK‐cell priming in response to TLR ligands, the expression of IFN‐γ, FasL, perforin and granzyme B by NK cells in L. infantum‐infected mice was completely preserved in the absence of IL‐15, whereas the proliferative capacity of NK cells was lower than in WT mice. IFN‐γ secretion, cytotoxicity and FasL expression of NK cells from infected IL‐18−/− mice were significantly reduced compared with controls, but, unlike IL‐12, IL‐18 was not essential for NK‐cell effector functions. Part of the NK‐cell‐stimulatory effect of IL‐12 was dependent on IL‐18. We conclude that IL‐15 is not functioning as a universal NK‐cell priming signal and that IL‐18 contributes to the NK‐cell response in visceral leishmaniasis. The cytokine requirements for NK‐cell activation appear to differ contingent upon the infectious pathogen.
Enantioselective Arylations Catalyzed by Carbohydrate‐Based Chiral Amino Alcohols
Authors: Wouters Ana Dionéia , Trossini Gustavo H. G. , Stefani Hélio A. , Lüdtke Diogo S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe application of carbohydrate‐derived amino alcohols in the asymmetric arylation of aldehydes by using arylboronic acids as the source of transferable aryl groups is described. The best ligand is derived from the readily available sugar D‐xylose and it mediates the addition of a range of arylboronic acids to various aromatic aldehydes in excellent yields and high enantiomeric excesses.