bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT, ChatGPT-4, and Google Bard Performances at the Advanced Burn Life Support Exam
Authors: Alessandri-Bonetti Mario , Liu Hilary Y , Donovan James M , Ziembicki Jenny A , Egro Francesco M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence and large language models (LLMs) have recently gained attention as promising tools in various healthcare domains, offering potential benefits in clinical decision-making, medical education, and research. The Advanced Burn Life Support (ABLS) program is a didactic initiative endorsed by the American Burn Association, aiming to provide knowledge on the immediate care of severely burn patients. The aim of the study was to compare the performance of three LLMs (ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Google Bard) on the ABLS exam. The ABLS exam consists of 50 questions with 5 multiple-choice answers. The passing threshold is 80% of correct answers. The 3 LLMs were queried with the 50 questions included in the latest version of the ABLS exam, on July 18th, 2023. ChatGPT-3.5 scored 86% (43 out of 50), ChatGPT-4 scored 90% (45 out of 50), and Bard scored 70% (35 out of 50). No difference was measured between ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 (P = .538) and between ChatGPT-3.5 and Bard (P = .054), despite the borderline P-value. ChatGPT-4 performed significantly better than Bard (P = .012). Out of the 50 questions, 78% (n = 39) were direct questions, while 12% (n = 11) were presented as clinical scenarios. No difference in the rate of wrong answers was found based on the type of question for the 3 LLMs. ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 demonstrated high accuracy at the ABLS exam and outperformed Google Bard. However, the potential multiple applications of LLMs in emergency burn and trauma care necessitate appropriate surveillance and most likely should represent a tool to complement human cognition.
Carbon Monoxide-Related Vision Loss in an Acute Burn Patient
Authors: Setia Karishma , Newsom Megan , Hashimi Habiba , Collins Jay , Senthil-Kumar Prabhu , Feldman Michael J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Carbon monoxide poisoning can occur as part of smoke exposure in the burn population. Here we report the case of a 32-year-old, previously healthy male, with carbon monoxide-related blindness after smoke exposure in an apartment fire. Cerebral hypoperfusion was diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, and the patient was diagnosed with cortical visual impairment. He was treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy following which he had partial recovery of his vision. There is a paucity of information regarding this phenomenon and its treatment.
Food Security: An Unmet Need in Outpatient Burn Care
Authors: Ross Erin E , Fobar Megan , Herrera-Gomez Laura , Gillenwater T Justin , Yenikomshian Haig A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nutrition is paramount for wound healing after burn injury. With rising food prices and time off work due to burn injuries, access to adequate nutrition may be a significant financial stressor. We asked patients at an outpatient burn clinic to complete the Household Food Security Module, which queries about food security over the preceding 12 months. Demographics and burn characteristics were abstracted from the medical record. We assessed the overall prevalence of food insecurity, risk factors for food insecurity, and potential effects of food insecurity on nutritional status and wound healing time. Wound healing time was assessed via Cox regression while adjusting for burn depth, total body surface area burned, and diabetes. Over 40% of participants reported experiencing food insecurity; it was more common in patients who preferred Spanish language (P = 0014) or were unemployed (P = .049). Just over half of participants experiencing food insecurity were using any food assistance resources. Among patients more than 30 days from burn injury, patients who were food insecure had larger burns (P = .01). Experience of food insecurity was not associated presence of malnutrition on nutrition-focused physical exam (P = .47). Wound healing time for burns managed in the outpatient setting was associated with burn depth (P &lt; .001), but not food insecurity (P = .95), burn size (P = .17), or diabetes (P = .14). Although food insecurity did not result in malnutrition or negatively impact wound healing time, it is important for providers to routinely screen for food insecurity due to increased nutritional requirements and loss of wages after burn injury.
Mining in investment arbitration: an analysis of mining companies’ legitimate expectations
Authors: López Clara 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
International investment agreements (IIAs) can be ‘obstacles’ to the green transition, but can also serve as potential ‘enablers’ of clean energy. This article analyses the role of IIAs in protecting mining investments, necessary to develop green technologies in the fight against climate change. As a result of increasing mineral extraction, more investment tribunals adjudicate mining disputes. The article provides a sectoral analysis of the legitimate expectations of investors in the mining sector. It argues that domestic norms are central to resolving investment treaty disputes and that investment tribunals must consider environmental and human rights domestic norms which impose limits on investment protection and configure investor’s property rights. Only by doing so can investment tribunals protect investments in accordance with the ethos of IIAs of promoting sustainable development.
Colorectal cancer screening with fecal immunochemical testing or primary colonoscopy: inequities in diagnostic yield
Authors: Bonander Carl , Westerberg Marcus , Chauca Strand Gabriella , Forsberg Anna , Strömberg Ulf 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Socioeconomic inequalities in the uptake of colorectal cancer screening are well documented, but the implications on inequities in health gain remain unclear.

Methods
Sixty-year-olds were randomly recruited from the Swedish population between March 2014 and March 2020 and invited to undergo either 2 rounds of fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) 2 years apart (n = 60 137) or primary colonoscopy just once (n = 30 400). By linkage to Statistics Sweden’s registries, we obtained socioeconomic data. In each defined socioeconomic group, we estimated the cumulative yield of advanced neoplasia in each screening arm (intention-to-screen analysis). In the biennial FIT arm, we predicted the probability of exceeding the yield in the primary colonoscopy arm by linear extrapolation of the cumulative yield to (hypothetical) additional rounds of FIT.

Results
In the lowest income group, the yield of advanced neoplasia was 1.63% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.35% to 1.93%) after 2 rounds of FIT vs 1.93% (95% CI = 1.49% to 2.40%) in the primary colonoscopy arm. Extrapolation to a third round of FIT implied a 86% probability of exceeding the yield in the primary colonoscopy arm. In the highest income group, we found a more pronounced yield gap between the 2 screening strategies—2.32% (95% CI = 2.15% to 2.49%) vs 3.71% (95% CI = 3.41% to 4.02%)— implying a low (2%) predicted probability of exceeding yield after a third round of FIT.

Conclusions
Yield of advanced neoplasia from 2 rounds of FIT 2 years apart was poorer as compared with primary colonoscopy, but the difference was less in lower socioeconomic groups.

Clinical Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02078804
Decolonizing the curriculum: philosophical perspectives—an introduction
Authors: English Andrea R , Heilbronn Ruth 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This Special Issue is focused on supporting the transformation of education called for in the decolonizing the curriculum movement by advancing discourse on the diverse philosophical ideas, concepts, and theories that can undergird practical efforts to decolonize curricula across education sectors. The special issue brings together voices from a range of backgrounds, who draw from a variety of theoretical positions within and beyond philosophies of education. The authors offer diverse forms of scholarly contributions, including philosophical articles, practice-focused reflections, and a reflection on ‘education’ in the public sphere. In this introduction, we consider the relevance of educational-philosophical thinking to the pressing issue of decolonizing the curriculum. The volume is divided into two parts, with the first covering issues of university and postcompulsory education, and the second discussing issues related to schools. We discuss three interconnected themes that permeate both sections: (i) whose knowledge and whose narratives are embodied in curricula? (ii) who is the curriculum for? Who is the learner? What does it mean to be human? (iii) what implications does decolonizing the curriculum have for pedagogy? With these themes, we indicate some of the ways that the articles contribute to a critical extension of the meaning of education itself.
Immunogenicity, Immunological Memory and Monitoring of Disease Activity Following an Anamnestic Immunization With the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Children With Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Kitsou Konstantina , Askiti Varvara , Tzanoudaki Marianna , Mitsioni Andromachi , Papadatou Ioanna , Liatsis Emmanouil , Kanaka-Gantenbein Christina , Magiorkinis Gkikas , Spoulou Vana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Anamnestic 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization did not affect the relapse risk in pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Pneumococcal serotype (PS)-specific antibody titers increased significantly in all groups. Children receiving immunomodulatory treatments (IMTs) displayed significantly lower levels of PS-specific antibodies for 3/8 serotypes tested. PS-specific B-cell counts significantly increased only in healthy controls and patients receiving corticosteroids.
How to build a gymnastics team
Authors: Houlihan Kathleen , Yan Jun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, the US women’s artistic gymnastics team was the only team to win a medal in all six categories. On the eve of the 2024 Summer games in Paris, Kathleen Houlihan and Jun Yan assess what metric should be used to pick the perfect team and once again make history
Extratunical grafting for minimally invasive management of complex Peyronie’s disease deformities
Authors: Ceballos Brian , Baumgarten Adam S , Krug Aaron M , Morey Allen F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Penile deformities due to Peyronie’s Disease (PD) often significantly impair men’s sexual health and quality of life.

Aim
In this article we discuss the extratunical graft (ETG) procedure as a management strategy for PD patients with hourglass or indent penile deformities.

Methods
We compiled descriptions of surgical techniques and performed a review of the literature regarding ETG for PD.

Outcomes
The ETG procedure appears to have promising results in the management of indent/hourglass deformity of PD.

Results
The findings of this review of the literature demonstrate that ETG is a safe and effective reconstructive technique for penile deformity with minimal side effects.

Clinical Implications
We recommend utilizing ETG with or without plication for PD patients with indent or hourglass deformities.

Strengths and Limitations
Strengths of ETG are the improvement in patients with tunical indents and hourglass deformities secondary to PD. Additionally, patients who underwent ETG maintained sexual function given no significant change in penile length and intact erectile function. Limitations, however, are that the procedure is relatively new, and data are limited to small cohorts.

Conclusion
The ETG procedure is a safe and effective for management of complex PD in the short- and intermediate-term follow-up cohort.
Exploring the puzzle of reactive oxygen species acting on root hair cells
Authors: Lopez Leonel E , Ibeas Miguel A , Diaz Dominguez Gabriela , Estevez Jose M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential signaling molecules that enable cells to respond rapidly to a range of stimuli. The ability of plants to recognize various stressors, incorporate a variety of environmental inputs, and initiate stress-response networks depends on ROS. Plants develop resilience and defensive systems as a result of these processes. Root hairs are central components of root biology since they increase the surface area of the root, anchor it in the soil, increase its ability to absorb water and nutrients, and foster interactions between microorganisms. In this review, we specifically focused on root hair cells and we highlighted the identification of ROS receptors, important new regulatory hubs that connect ROS production, transport, and signaling in the context of two hormonal pathways (auxin and ethylene) and under low temperature environmental input related to nutrients. As ROS play a crucial role in regulating cell elongation rates, root hairs are rapidly gaining traction as a very valuable single plant cell model for investigating ROS homeostasis and signaling. These promising findings might soon facilitate the development of plants and roots that are more resilient to environmental stressors.
The Tree Reconstruction Game: Phylogenetic Reconstruction Using Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Azouri Dana , Granit Oz , Alburquerque Michael , Mansour Yishay , Pupko Tal , Mayrose Itay 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The computational search for the maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree is an NP-hard problem. As such, current tree search algorithms might result in a tree that is the local optima, not the global one. Here, we introduce a paradigm shift for predicting the maximum-likelihood tree, by approximating long-term gains of likelihood rather than maximizing likelihood gain at each step of the search. Our proposed approach harnesses the power of reinforcement learning to learn an optimal search strategy, aiming at the global optimum of the search space. We show that when analyzing empirical data containing dozens of sequences, the log-likelihood improvement from the starting tree obtained by the reinforcement learning–based agent was 0.969 or higher compared to that achieved by current state-of-the-art techniques. Notably, this performance is attained without the need to perform costly likelihood optimizations apart from the training process, thus potentially allowing for an exponential increase in runtime. We exemplify this for data sets containing 15 sequences of length 18,000 bp and demonstrate that the reinforcement learning–based method is roughly three times faster than the state-of-the-art software. This study illustrates the potential of reinforcement learning in addressing the challenges of phylogenetic tree reconstruction.
Genomic and Phenotypic Adaptations ofRattus tanezumito Cold Limit Its Further Northward Expansion and Range Overlap withR. norvegicus
Authors: Zhang Ming-Yu , Cao Rui-Dong , Chen Yi , Ma Jian-Cang , Shi Cheng-Min , Zhang Yun-Feng , Zhang Jian-Xu , Zhang Yao-Hua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlobal climate change has led to shifts in the distribution ranges of many terrestrial species, promoting their migration from lower altitudes or latitudes to higher ones. Meanwhile, successful invaders have developed genetic adaptations enabling the colonization of new environments. Over the past 40 years, Rattus tanezumi (RT) has expanded into northern China (Northwest and North China) from its southern origins. We studied the cold adaptation of RT and its potential for northward expansion by comparing it with sympatric Rattus norvegicus (RN), which is well adapted to cold regions. Through population genomic analysis, we revealed that the invading RT rats have split into three distinct populations: the North, Northwest, and Tibetan populations. The first two populations exhibited high genetic diversity, while the latter population showed remarkably low genetic diversity. These rats have developed various genetic adaptations to cold, arid, hypoxic, and high-UV conditions. Cold acclimation tests revealed divergent thermoregulation between RT and RN. Specifically, RT exhibited higher brown adipose tissue activity and metabolic rates than did RN. Transcriptome analysis highlighted changes in genes regulating triglyceride catabolic processes in RT, including Apoa1 and Apoa4, which were upregulated, under selection and associated with local adaptation. In contrast, RN showed changes in carbohydrate metabolism genes. Despite the cold adaptation of RT, we observed genotypic and phenotypic constraints that may limit its ability to cope with severe low temperatures farther north. Consequently, it is less likely that RT rats will invade and overlap with RN rats in farther northern regions.
Local vaginal bioelectrical impedance can predict preterm delivery in mice
Authors: Komatsu Reina , Nakamura Hitomi , Hosono Takayoshi , Masuda Tatsuo , Jones Carolyn J P , Aplin John D , Mimura Kazuya , Endo Masayuki , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Preterm birth is a serious pregnancy complication that affects neonatal mortality, morbidity, and long-term neurological prognosis. Predicting spontaneous preterm delivery (PTD) is important for its management. While excluding the risk of PTD is important, identifying women at high risk of PTD is imperative for medical intervention. Currently used PTD prediction parameters in clinical practice have shown high negative predictive values, but low positive predictive values. We focused on sulfated and sialylated glycocalyx changes in the uterus and vagina prior to the onset of parturition and explored the potential of electrophysiological detection of these changes as a PTD prediction parameter with a high positive predictive value. In vivo local vaginal bioelectrical impedance (VZ) was measured using two different mouse PTD models. PTD was induced in ICR mice through the subcutaneous injection of mifepristone or local intrauterine injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The PTD rates were 100% and 60% post-administration of mifepristone (16–20 h, n = 4) and LPS (12–24 h, n = 20), respectively. The local VZ values (15 and 10 h after mifepristone or LPS treatment, respectively) were significantly lower in the PTD group than in the non-PTD group. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of VZ at 125 kHz as a predictor of PTD showed an area under the ROC curve of 1.00 and 0.77 and positive predictive values of 1.00 and 0.86, for the mifepristone and LPS models, respectively, suggesting that local VZ value can predict PTD. Histological examination of the LPS-treated model 6 h post-treatment revealed increased expression of sulfomucins and/or sulfated proteoglycans and sialomucins in the cervical epithelium, cervical stroma and vaginal stroma. In conclusion, local VZ values can determine sulfated and sialylated glycocalyx alterations within the uterus and vagina and might be a useful PTD prediction parameter.
Population dynamics of Ruditapes philippinarum (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) after the major ecological crisis of 2018 of the Berre lagoon, southern France
Authors: Mahé Mathilde , Camus Louise , Marschal Christian , Grisel Raphaël , Poggiale Jean-Christophe , Mayot Nicolas 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Coastal lagoons are environments with an important ecological richness, which makes them socio-economically highly important environments. However, they are often subject to anthropogenic pressures that may seriously threaten them. The phenomenon of anoxia is regularly the cause of massive mortality and loss of biodiversity. For example, in the Berre lagoon (France), in 2018, an anoxic crisis decimated the Zostera meadow and the stock of Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850). As clams are a fished species, this massive mortality has resulted in a fishing cessation and thus is having a significant economic impact. This study is a contribution to our understanding of the resilience of species after a strong perturbation. In our case, we aim to understand the time needed for the stock of R. philippinarum to recover after the ecological crisis of 2018 by providing an analysis of the population dynamics between October 2018 and October 2020. The gonad development stage and condition index highlighted that clam size at sexual maturity was between 20 and 23 mm. The clam's reproduction season is continuous between March and October, with differences observed between sites, and between years at the same site in the Berre lagoon. Long-term field monitoring (in situ cages coupled with sclerochronology) was performed to estimate the growth rate and the mortality. von Bertalanffy growth function parameters show a high growth rate (K = 1.42 yr−1) with a small ${{L}_\infty }$ (35.70 mm). This means that clams need 1.5 yr to reach 30 mm in length: the minimum catch size for the fishery in the Berre lagoon. The mortality rate was 2.52 yr−1, which is possibly due to significant variations in water temperature and episodes of hypoxia and anoxia. These data on the population dynamics of R. philippinarum in the Berre lagoon show that the clam's recovery time can be relatively fast (some years) only if the environment becomes favourable and the anoxic conditions are absent.
The loss of DNA polymerase epsilon accessory subunits POLE3–POLE4 leads to BRCA1-independent PARP inhibitor sensitivity
Authors: Mamar Hasan , Fajka-Boja Roberta , Mórocz Mónika , Jurado Eva Pinto , Zentout Siham , Mihuţ Alexandra , Kopasz Anna Georgina , Mérey Mihály , Smith Rebecca , Sharma Abhishek Bharadwaj , Lakin Nicholas D , Bowman Andrew James , Haracska Lajos , Huet Sébastien , Timinszky Gyula 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The clinical success of PARP1/2 inhibitors (PARPi) prompts the expansion of their applicability beyond homologous recombination deficiency. Here, we demonstrate that the loss of the accessory subunits of DNA polymerase epsilon, POLE3 and POLE4, sensitizes cells to PARPi. We show that the sensitivity of POLE4 knockouts is not due to compromised response to DNA damage or homologous recombination deficiency. Instead, POLE4 loss affects replication speed leading to the accumulation of single-stranded DNA gaps behind replication forks upon PARPi treatment, due to impaired post-replicative repair. POLE4 knockouts elicit elevated replication stress signaling involving ATR and DNA-PK. We find POLE4 to act parallel to BRCA1 in inducing sensitivity to PARPi and counteracts acquired resistance associated with restoration of homologous recombination. Altogether, our findings establish POLE4 as a promising target to improve PARPi driven therapies and hamper acquired PARPi resistance.
Leveraging murine models of the neurofibromatosis type 1 cancer predisposition syndrome to elucidate the cellular circuits that drive pediatric low-grade glioma formation and progression
Authors: Gutmann David H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children, where low-grade gliomas (LGGs) predominate. One common hereditary cause for LGGs involves neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1) gene mutation, as seen in individuals with the NF1 cancer predisposition syndrome. As such, children with NF1 are at increased risk of developing LGGs of the optic pathway, brainstem, cerebellum, and midline brain structures. Using genetically engineered mouse models, studies have revealed both cell-intrinsic (MEK signaling) and stromal dependencies that underlie their formation and growth. Importantly, these dependencies represent vulnerabilities against which targeted agents can be used for preclinical investigation prior to clinical translation.