bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomic relationship between the spinal accessory nerve and internal jugular vein in the upper neck
Authors: Hinsley Matthew L. , Hartig Gregory K. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVEThe goal of this study was to precisely detail the relationship between the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) and the internal jugular vein (IJV) in the upper neck, specifically at the level of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle.STUDY DESIGNCase series with planned data collection.SETTINGUniversity hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThis information was prospectively gathered intraoperatively in patients undergoing a neck dissection. The neck dissections were performed for the treatment or diagnosis of cancer, independent of the research goals. Eightysix subjects underwent neck dissections, 56 unilateral and 30 bilateral. The position of the SAN was determined to be oriented lateral to the IJV, medial to the IJV, posterior to the IJV, or directly through the IJV at the level of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle.RESULTSOf 116 neck dissections, 112 (96%) were oriented lateral to the IJV at the level of the superior border of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. In three necks (3%), the SAN was positioned medial to the IJV, and one (1%) traveled directly through the IJV.CONCLUSIONThe SAN has an intimate anatomic relationship with the IJV as it travels through the neck. The SAN is nearly always oriented lateral to the IJV, and the IJV and SAN are likely at some increased risk of injury during neck dissection in cases where the nerve travels medial to or through the IJV.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
The influence of various registration procedures upon surgical accuracy during navigated controlled petrous bone surgery
Authors: Hofer Mathias , Dittrich Elmar , Baumberger Christian , Strauß Mario , Dietz Andreas , Lüth Tim , Strauß Gero 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVEThe goal of this study was to investigate the dependence of surgical accuracy with a navigated controlled (NC) drill on selected registration procedures.STUDY DESIGNThe target registration error of the instrument and the maximum proximity to a typical high‐risk structure (facial nerve) were determined within an artificial petrous bone.SETTINGThe studies took place in two groups: group 1, navigation bow with six integrated markers and attachment at the upper jaw, and group 2, landmark registration with four titanium microscrews. Measurement of the target registration error took place at three targets (3 titanium screws) with 20 repeated registration procedures via evaluation of the deviation between a target and the indicated position in the navigation data.SUBJECTS AND METHODSFor measurement of the conversion accuracy of the planned cavity, 20 petrous bone models were milled by inexperienced test subjects. The evaluation of 20 cavities was conducted via a microscope by five jurors.RESULTSRegistration accuracy showed a maximum deviation between the actual position achieved and the computed position in the navigation system of 1.73 mm in group 1 and 0.93 mm in group 2. In group 1, the nerve in five of 20 cases was damaged, and a maximum penetration into the nerve of 1.5 mm (0.25 mm SD; milled beyond) was measured. In group 2, the facial nerve was not damaged at all, and a maximum deviation of 0.5 mm (0.63 mm SD; stopped before) was measured.CONCLUSIONThe results for registration and conversion accuracy are significantly better for the landmark‐based registration than with the registration of the patient model with registration bow on the upper jaw.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Thyroid drains and postoperative drainage
Authors: Dunlap Wade W. , Berg Richard L. , Urquhart Andrew C. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVETo evaluate postoperative drainage in patients undergoing thyroid lobectomy versus total thyroidectomy and to establish a correlation between intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage.STUDY DESIGNCase series with planned data collection.SETTINGTertiary medical center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSConsecutive patients (n = 100) undergoing thyroid surgery from October 2006 through November 2008 were examined. Data collected included age, gender, postoperative drainage, estimated intraoperative blood loss, type of surgery, length of hospital stay, pathology, and postoperative complications. Standard descriptive statistics were used to summarize characteristics of subjects, surgical procedures, and outcomes. Spearman rank correlation was used to evaluate association of drainage with blood loss and Kruskal‐Wallis test to compare results by surgery type.RESULTSThere were 100 surgeries performed: 52 lobectomies and 48 total thyroidectomies. Total postoperative drainage ranged from 0 to 230 mL, median was 32 mL. Estimated intraoperative blood loss ranged from 10 to 300 mL, median was 20 mL. We noted a statistically significant association of postoperative drainage with intraoperative blood loss (r = 0.39, P = 0.001), but substantial variability in drainage was observed even among patients with similar blood loss. Although there was significantly less drainage among thyroid lobectomies (P = 0.012), the distributions were quite similar apart from 10 patients (9 lobectomy) with exceptionally low drainage.CONCLUSIONThere was a statistically significant association of postoperative drainage with intraoperative blood loss and significantly less postoperative drainage among patients undergoing thyroid lobectomies. However, the observed associations do not appear to be strong enough to accurately predict patients who will experience substantial drainage.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Proinflammatory mediators in nasal lavage of subjects with occupational rhinitis
Authors: Castano Roberto , Maghni Karim , Castellanos Lucero , Trudeau Carole , Malo Jean‐Luc , Gautrin Denyse 
Published: July 2010

We sought to investigate the type and kinetics of late‐phase nasal inflammatory response after nasal challenge with occupational allergens. Participants were 10 subjects experiencing work‐related rhinitis symptoms who underwent specific inhalation challenge and tested positive for occupational rhinitis. During challenge, we monitored changes in inflammatory cells, eosinophil cationic protein, myeloperoxidase, and interleukin‐8 in nasal lavage samples. The challenge with the active agent induced a significant increase in the percentage of eosinophils at 30 minutes as compared with prechallenge values (P = 0.04). A significant increase in eosinophil cationic protein levels after challenge with the control (P = 0.01) and active agent (P = 0.02) was observed in the late phase after challenge. No significant changes in nasal levels of neutrophils, myeloperoxidase, and interleukin‐8 were observed on both control and active challenge days. Our results suggest a predominant nasal eosinophilic inflammatory response after occupational allergen challenge.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Article Commentary: Shortfalls of the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery's Clinical practice guideline: Hoarseness (Dysphonia)
Authors: Johns Michael M. , Sataloff Robert T. , Merati Albert L. , Rosen Clark A. 
Published: July 2010

The Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) on hoarseness (dysphonia) has several shortcomings that undermine its initial intent to improve the care of patients with dysphonia. The purpose of this document is to identify and comment on those shortcomings. The guideline authors made curious and unsupported policy recommendations in some areas, such as the recommendation for performance of laryngoscopy for hoarseness. For example, the guideline provides a three‐month allowance for patients with voice change prior to examination of the larynx, which is a marked change from prior American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS) documents suggesting laryngoscopy after two to four weeks of dysphonia and poses a health risk to patients with dysphonia without an established diagnosis. We believe the use of laryngoscopy for the evaluation is dysphonia is primal, plays a vital role in the care of our patients, and should be strongly advocated by the CPG. A significant challenge of the CPG is rooted in its basis on a symptom as opposed to a diagnosis. The decision to confuse the difference between a symptom (hoarseness) and a diagnosis leads to several misleading statements and recommendations. Finally, problems with insufficient peer review and ineffective processes in the guideline's development are discussed.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
CHILDREN OF HOMOSEXUALS MORE APT TO BE HOMOSEXUALS? A REPLY TO MORRISON AND TO CAMERON BASED ON AN EXAMINATION OF MULTIPLE SOURCES OF DATA
Authors: SCHUMM WALTER R. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryTen narrative studies involving family histories of 262 children of gay fathers and lesbian mothers were evaluated statistically in response to Morrison's (2007) concerns about Cameron's (2006) research that had involved three narrative studies. Despite numerous attempts to bias the results in favour of the null hypothesis and allowing for up to 20 (of 63, 32%) coding errors, Cameron's (2006) hypothesis that gay and lesbian parents would be more likely to have gay, lesbian, bisexual or unsure (of sexual orientation) sons and daughters was confirmed. Percentages of children of gay and lesbian parents who adopted non-heterosexual identities ranged between 16% and 57%, with odds ratios of 1.7 to 12.1, depending on the mix of child and parent genders. Daughters of lesbian mothers were most likely (33% to 57%; odds ratios from 4.5 to 12.1) to report non-heterosexual identities. Data from ethnographic sources and from previous studies on gay and lesbian parenting were re-examined and found to support the hypothesis that social and parental influences may influence the expression of non-heterosexual identities and/or behaviour. Thus, evidence is presented from three different sources, contrary to most previous scientific opinion, even most previous scientific consensus, that suggests intergenerational transfer of sexual orientation can occur at statistically significant and substantial rates, especially for female parents or female children. In some analyses for sons, intergenerational transfer was not significant. Further research is needed with respect to pathways by which intergenerational transfer of sexual orientation may occur. The results confirm an evolving tendency among scholars to cite the possibility of some degree of intergenerational crossover of sexual orientation.
The linguistic landscape of Brittany and Corsica: A comparative study of the presence of France's regional languages in the public space
Authors: BLACKWOOD ROBERT J. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe linguistic landscape (LL) is emerging as a method by which to examine language practices of multilingual communities. Based on empirical research, carried out in Brittany and on Corsica in the summer of 2007, this project seeks to examine the extent to which two of France's regional heritage languages mark the public space. In categorising the signs recorded, it is possible to detect trends in the use of Breton and Corsican for different purposes within the LL. Given France's recent language management strategies, we are able to differentiate between the way in which cityscapes are marked by those in positions of authority and those with limited power. It is also practicable to examine the differences in multilingual signs within the survey areas. Collectively, these approaches to the LL of Brittany and Corsica will provide an overview of language practices and the relationships between these languages of France.
When Written is Spoken: Dislocation and the Oral Code
Authors: McLAUGHLIN MAIRI 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThis article suggests a refinement of the link between dislocated constructions and the oral code. The research is based on an investigation of a mixed-medium corpus of contemporary French, including spoken language, journalistic prose and literary fiction. It is shown first that the form and function of dislocations vary according to the level of orality of the voice in which they are found: in particular, the intermediary nature of citations in newspaper articles is emphasised. It is then argued that the strict association of dislocation with the stylistic function of orality should be modified, since conveying orality does not always seem to be the primary motivation for dislocation.
WEAK-STAR PROPERTIES OF HOMOMORPHISMS FROM WEIGHTED CONVOLUTION ALGEBRAS ON THE HALF-LINE
Authors: PEDERSEN THOMAS VILS 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLet L1(ω) be the weighted convolution algebra L1ω(ℝ+) on ℝ+ with weight ω. Grabiner recently proved that, for a nonzero, continuous homomorphism Φ:L1(ω1)→L1(ω2), the unique continuous extension $\widetilde {\Phi }:M(\omega _1)\to M(\omega _2)$ to a homomorphism between the corresponding weighted measure algebras on ℝ+ is also continuous with respect to the weak-star topologies on these algebras. In this paper we investigate whether similar results hold for homomorphisms from L1(ω) into other commutative Banach algebras. In particular, we prove that for the disc algebra $A(\overline {\mathbb D})$ every nonzero homomorphism $\Phi :L^1({\omega })\to A(\overline {\mathbb D})$ extends uniquely to a continuous homomorphism $\widetilde {\Phi }:M(\omega )\to H^{\infty }(\mathbb D)$ which is also continuous with respect to the weak-star topologies. Similarly, for a large class of Beurling algebras A+v on $\overline {\mathbb D}$ (including the algebra of absolutely convergent Taylor series on $\overline {\mathbb D}$) we prove that every nonzero homomorphism Φ:L1(ω)→A+v extends uniquely to a continuous homomorphism $\widetilde {\Phi }:M(\omega )\to A^+_v$ which is also continuous with respect to the weak-star topologies.
Analysing graph transformation systems through constraint handling rules
Authors: RAISER FRANK , FRÜHWIRTH THOM 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGraph transformation systems (GTS) and constraint handling rules (CHR) are non-deterministic rule-based state transition systems. CHR is well known for its powerful confluence and program equivalence analyses, for which we provide the basis in this work to apply them to GTS. We give a sound and complete embedding of GTS in CHR, investigate confluence of an embedded GTS and provide a program equivalence analysis for GTS via the embedding. The results confirm the suitability of CHR-based program analyses for other formalisms embedded in CHR.
Follow the methane: the search for a deep biosphere, and the case for sampling serpentinites, on Mars
Authors: Parnell John , Boyce Adrian J. , Blamey Nigel J.F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIf life occurs elsewhere in the Solar System, there is a strong likelihood that it occurs in a deep biosphere beneath the planetary surface. The evidence for methane in the martian atmosphere has drawn attention to the possible role of serpentinites in fuelling a deep biosphere through the generation of hydrogen and/or methane. Serpentinites represent a good target for the search for biosignatures in a range of reaction products. Isotopic measurements in each of methane, sulphide and carbonate in serpentinites can help determine evidence of biological activity. We show that ancient terrestrial serpentinites retain methane that could be subject to the measurement of carbon and hydrogen isotopes. There is, therefore, potential to sample serpentinites on Mars and test for evidence of life in the deep geological record of Mars.
Zn(II) ions co-secreted with insulin suppress inherent amyloidogenic properties of monomeric insulin
Authors: Noormägi Andra , Gavrilova Julia , Smirnova Julia , Tõugu Vello , Palumaa Peep 
Published: July 2010

Insulin, a 51-residue peptide hormone, is an intrinsically amyloidogenic peptide, forming amyloid fibrils in vitro. In the secretory granules, insulin is densely packed together with Zn(II) into crystals of Zn2Insulin6 hexamer, which assures osmotic stability of vesicles and prevents fibrillation of the peptide. However, after release from the pancreatic β-cells, insulin dissociates into active monomers, which tend to fibrillize not only at acidic, but also at physiological, pH values. The effect of co-secreted Zn(II) ions on the fibrillation of monomeric insulin is unknown, however, it might prevent insulin fibrillation. We showed that Zn(II) inhibits fibrillation of monomeric insulin at physiological pH values by forming a soluble Zn(II)–insulin complex. The inhibitory effect of Zn(II) ions is very strong at pH 7.3 (IC50=3.5 μM), whereas at pH 5.5 it progressively weakens, pointing towards participation of the histidine residue(s) in complex formation. The results obtained indicate that Zn(II) ions might suppress fibrillation of insulin at its release sites and in circulation. It is hypothesized that misfolded oligomeric intermediates occurring in the insulin fibrillation pathway, especially in zinc-deficient conditions, might induce autoantibodies against insulin, which leads to β-cell damage and autoimmune Type 1 diabetes.
Sex-specific effects of habitual aerobic exercise on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Pierce Gary L. , Eskurza Iratxe , Walker Ashley E. , Fay Tara N. , Seals Douglas R. 
Published: July 2010

Brachial artery FMD (flow-mediated dilation) is impaired with aging and is associated with an increased risk of CVD (cardiovascular disease). In the present study, we determined whether regular aerobic exercise improves brachial artery FMD in MA/O (middle-aged/older) men and post-menopausal women. In sedentary MA/O adults (age, 55–79 years) without CVD, 8 weeks of brisk walking (6 days/week for approx. 50 min/day; randomized controlled design) increased treadmill time approx. 20% in both MA/O men (n=11) and post-menopausal women (n=15) (P&lt;0.01), without altering body composition or circulating CVD risk factors. Brachial artery FMD increased &gt;50% in the MA/O men (from 4.6±0.6 to 7.1±0.6%; P&lt;0.01), but did not change in the post-menopausal women (5.1±0.8 compared with 5.4±0.7%; P=0.50). No changes occurred in the non-exercising controls. In a separate cross-sectional study (n=167), brachial artery FMD was approx. 50% greater in endurance-exercise-trained (6.4±0.4%; n=45) compared with sedentary (4.3±0.3%; n=60) MA/O men (P&lt;0.001), whereas there were no differences between endurance-trained (5.3±0.7%, n=20) and sedentary (5.6±0.5%, n=42) post-menopausal women (P=0.70). Brachial artery lumen diameter, peak hyperaemic shear rate and endothelium-independent dilation did not differ with exercise intervention or in the endurance exercise compared with sedentary groups. In conclusion, regular aerobic exercise is consistently associated with enhanced brachial artery FMD in MA/O men, but not in post-menopausal women. Some post-menopausal women without CVD may be less responsive to habitual aerobic exercise than MA/O men.
Discriminating Dysarthria Type From Envelope Modulation Spectra
Authors: Liss Julie M. , LeGendre Sue , Lotto Andrew J. 
Published: July 2010

PurposePrevious research demonstrated the ability of temporally based rhythm metrics to distinguish among dysarthrias with different prosodic deficit profiles (J. M. Liss et al., 2009). The authors examined whether comparable results could be obtained by an automated analysis of speech envelope modulation spectra (EMS), which quantifies the rhythmicity of speech within specified frequency bands.MethodEMS was conducted on sentences produced by 43 speakers with 1 of 4 types of dysarthria and healthy controls. The EMS consisted of the spectra of the slow-rate (up to 10 Hz) amplitude modulations of the full signal and 7 octave bands ranging in center frequency from 125 to 8000 Hz. Six variables were calculated for each band relating to peak frequency and amplitude and relative energy above, below, and in the region of 4 Hz. Discriminant function analyses (DFA) determined which sets of predictor variables best discriminated between and among groups.ResultsEach of 6 DFAs identified 2–6 of the 48 predictor variables. These variables achieved 84%–100% classification accuracy for group membership.ConclusionsDysarthrias can be characterized by quantifiable temporal patterns in acoustic output. Because EMS analysis is automated and requires no editing or linguistic assumptions, it shows promise as a clinical and research tool.
Voice and Fluency Changes as a Function of Speech Task and Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Van Lancker Sidtis Diana , Rogers Tiffany , Godier Violette , Tagliati Michele , Sidtis John J. 
Published: July 2010

Purpose
Speaking, which naturally occurs in different modes or “tasks” such as conversation and repetition, relies on intact basal ganglia nuclei. Recent studies suggest that voice and fluency parameters are differentially affected by speech task. In this study, the authors examine the effects of subcortical functionality on voice and fluency, comparing measures obtained from spontaneous and matched repeated speech samples.

Method
Subjects with Parkinson’s disease who were being treated with bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nuclei were tested with stimulators ON and OFF.

Results
The study found that a voice measure, harmonic to noise ratio, is improved in repetition and in the DBS-ON condition and that dysfluencies are more plentiful in conversation with little or variable influence of DBS condition.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that voice and fluency are differentially affected by DBS treatment and that task conditions, interacting with subcortical functionality, influence motor speech performance.
Deep phenotyping to predict live birth outcomes in in vitro fertilization
Authors: Banerjee Prajna , Choi Bokyung , Shahine Lora K. , Jun Sunny H. , O’Leary Kathleen , Lathi Ruth B. , Westphal Lynn M. , Wong Wing H. , Yao Mylene W. M. 
Published: July 2010

Nearly 75% of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments do not result in live births and patients are largely guided by a generalized age-based prognostic stratification. We sought to provide personalized and validated prognosis by using available clinical and embryo data from prior, failed treatments to predict live birth probabilities in the subsequent treatment. We generated a boosted tree model, IVF
BT
, by training it with IVF outcomes data from 1,676 first cycles (C1s) from 2003–2006, followed by external validation with 634 cycles from 2007–2008, respectively. We tested whether this model could predict the probability of having a live birth in the subsequent treatment (C2). By using nondeterministic methods to identify prognostic factors and their relative nonredundant contribution, we generated a prediction model, IVF
BT
, that was superior to the age-based control by providing over 1,000-fold improvement to fit new data (
p
< 0.05), and increased discrimination by receiver–operative characteristic analysis (area-under-the-curve, 0.80 vs. 0.68 for C1, 0.68 vs. 0.58 for C2). IVF
BT
provided predictions that were more accurate for ∼83% of C1 and ∼60% of C2 cycles that were out of the range predicted by age. Over half of those patients were reclassified to have higher live birth probabilities. We showed that data from a prior cycle could be used effectively to provide personalized and validated live birth probabilities in a subsequent cycle. Our approach may be replicated and further validated in other IVF clinics.