bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on collaborative scheduling of dual machine operations for remote inspection robots in substations
Authors: Ou Weichao , Hua Jie , Peng Weiwei , Wei Wang , Qiao Zhizhong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
With the development of modern power systems, the number of remote inspection robots in substations is gradually increasing. This study aims to achieve collaborative scheduling of dual machine operations for remote inspection robots in substations to improve inspection efficiency and reduce operating costs. By constructing a kinematic model of the inspection robot, the kinematic characteristics of the inspection robot are obtained. A master-slave system-based collaborative scheduling method for dual machine operations of remote inspection robots in substations is proposed, which includes the principle of closest distance and the maximum behavior value coordination strategy to realize collaborative scheduling of dual machine operations for inspection robots. Through experimental verification and evaluation, it has been found that the proposed method can significantly improve obstacle avoidance and load balancing capabilities, achieve maximum resource utilization, and effectively shorten the robot operation path, providing more reliable and efficient support for the operation and maintenance of substations.
Benchmarking breath analysis using peppermint approach with gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometer coupled to micro thermal desorber
Authors: Ruszkiewicz Dorota M , Kiland Kristian J , Mok Yoonseo , Bartolomeu Crista , Borden Scott A , Thomas Paul , Lam Stephen , Myers Renelle 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Peppermint Initiative, established within the International Association of Breath Research, introduced the peppermint protocol, a breath analysis benchmarking effort designed to address the lack of inter-comparability of outcomes across different breath sampling techniques and analytical platforms. Benchmarking with gas chromatography—ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) using peppermint has been previously reported however, coupling micro-thermal desorption (µTD) to GC-IMS has not yet, been benchmarked for breath analysis. To benchmark µTD-GC-IMS for breath analysis using the peppermint protocol. Ten healthy participants (4 males and 6 females, aged 20–73 years), were enrolled to give six breath samples into Nalophan bags via a modified peppermint protocol. Breath sampling after peppermint ingestion occurred over 6 h at t = 60, 120, 200, 280, and 360 min. The breath samples (120 cm3) were pre-concentrated in the µTD before being transferred into the GC-IMS for detection. Data was processed using VOCal, including background subtractions, peak volume measurements, and room air assessment. During peppermint washout, eucalyptol showed the highest change in concentration levels, followed by α-pinene and β-pinene. The reproducibility of the technique for breath analysis was demonstrated by constructing logarithmic washout curves, with the average linearity coefficient of R
2 = 0.99. The time to baseline (benchmark) value for the eucalyptol washout was 1111 min (95% CI: 529–1693 min), obtained by extrapolating the average logarithmic washout curve. The study demonstrated that µTD-GC-IMS is reproducible and suitable technique for breath analysis, with benchmark values for eucalyptol comparable to the gold standard GC-MS.
Assessment and process optimization of high throughput biofabrication of immunocompetent breast cancer model for drug screening applications
Authors: Shukla Priyanshu , Bera Ashis Kumar , Ghosh Amit , Kiranmai Gaddam , Pati Falguni 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recent advancements in 3D cancer modeling have significantly enhanced our ability to delve into the intricacies of carcinogenesis. Despite the pharmaceutical industry’s substantial investment of both capital and time in the drug screening and development pipeline, a concerning trend persists: drug candidates screened on conventional cancer models exhibit a dismal success rate in clinical trials. One pivotal factor contributing to this discrepancy is the absence of drug testing on pathophysiologically biomimetic 3D cancer models during pre-clinical stages. Unfortunately, current manual methods of 3D cancer modeling, such as spheroids and organoids, suffer from limitations in reproducibility and scalability. In our study, we have meticulously developed 3D bioprinted breast cancer model utilizing decellularized adipose tissue-based hydrogel obtained via a detergent-free decellularization method. Our innovative printing techniques allows for rapid, high-throughput fabrication of 3D cancer models in a 96-well plate format, demonstrating unmatched scalability and reproducibility. Moreover, we have conducted extensive validation, showcasing the efficacy of our platform through drug screening assays involving two potent anti-cancer drugs, 5-Fluorouracil and PRIMA-1Met. Notably, our platform facilitates effortless imaging and gene expression analysis, streamlining the evaluation process. In a bid to enhance the relevance of our cancer model, we have introduced a heterogeneous cell population into the DAT-based bioink. Through meticulous optimization and characterization, we have successfully developed a biomimetic immunocompetent breast cancer model, complete with microenvironmental cues and diverse cell populations. This breakthrough paves the way for rapid multiplex drug screening and the development of personalized cancer models, marking a paradigm shift in cancer research and pharmaceutical development.
The measurement of complex modal coefficients of a superposed vortex beam based on intensity sampling methods
Authors: Mohagheghian Maryam , Ghavami Sabouri Saeed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In recent years, extracting information from superposed vortex beams has been a topic of intense study. In this paper, complex coefficients of various superpositions are measured in both simulation and experiment by proposing and implementing four different sampling methods. Superposed vortex beams are experimentally generated using a digital micromirror device, and recorded on a 2 f optical imaging setup. To extract both amplitude and phase values of modal coefficients, a single intensity frame of the beam is sampled in the form of concentric circles, sectors, random circles, and random squares. Considering just specified parts of the intensity instead of the whole to sample the pattern increases the speed of the modal coefficient extraction. Besides, a linear set of coherent equations is solved, and achievements are compared together. As a consequence, measuring both the amplitude and phase values of coefficients simultaneously can pave the way to enable high-capacity optical communication which is carried out in this research with better than 99% and 96% accuracy, respectively.
Preparation and thermal performance testing of diatomite-modified asphalt pavements
Authors: Hou Guangzhen , Wu Qun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, the efficacy of diatomite as a modifier in asphalt pavements is thoroughly examined. The research primarily focuses on evaluating the thermal performance of asphalt mixtures modified with varying diatomite contents. Key findings indicate significant improvements in the rutting resistance, with the dynamic stability of the 15% diatomite mixture being 3.4 times higher than the control mixture. Additionally, the 10% diatomite mixture shows a 20% increase in bending strain energy density, enhancing low-temperature performance. However, a diatomite content beyond 10% tends to diminish these benefits. Fatigue life at 10% diatomite content is improved by 18%–24%, demonstrating the material’s potential in extending pavement longevity. Water stability tests also reveal notable improvements, with the 15% diatomite mixture exhibiting a 15% increase in tensile strength ratio post-water conditioning. These results collectively establish diatomite as a cost-effective and efficient modifier for asphalt pavements, promoting enhanced durability and performance.
Comparison of different scale indicators and verification of rock mass classification
Authors: Hong Yuan , Zhou Feifei , Li Changjun , Li Ming , Qu Chengkun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The basic principle of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is introduced, and different scales of determining indicator weights using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) are summarized and organized. The inspection indicators for evaluating the quality of the judgment matrix are provided. Taking the underground station of a planned intercity railway as the engineering background, a comparative study is conducted on the advantages and disadvantages of the indicator judgment matrix and the comprehensive evaluation results about a
n scale, 10/10 ∼ 18/2 scale, 9/9 ∼ 9/1 scale, 1 ∼ 9 scale. The results show that the consistency of the judgment matrix constructed by 1–9 scale is poor and may lead to incorrect evaluation results. The consistency of judgment matrix constructed by a
n scale is optimal and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results are the closest to the actual situation. It can provide useful guidance for the classification work of surrounding rocks in underground engineering projects.
Review of some mathematical and physical subjects
Authors: Nitzan Abraham 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews the mathematical tools and physical concepts that are used in this book, under the following section and subsection headings: (1) Mathematical background (random variables and probability distributions, constrained extrema, vector and fields, continuity equation for the flow of conserved entities, delta functions, complex integration, Fourier and Laplace transform, the Schwarz inequality). (2) Classical mechanics (classical equations of motion, phase space, the classical distribution function and the Liouville equation). (3) Quantum mechanics (fundamentals, many-particle systems and the occupation number representation). (4) Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics (thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, quantum distributions, coarse graining). (5) Physical observables as random variables (origin of randomness in physical systems, joint probabilities, conditional probabilities and reduced descriptions, random functions, correlations, diffusion). (6) Electrostatics (fundamental equations of electrostatics, electrostatics in continuous dielectric media, screening by mobile charges).
Quantum dynamics using the time-dependent Schrödinger equation
Authors: Nitzan Abraham 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter the reviews essential concepts and methods of time-dependent quantum mechanics. (1) Formal solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. (2) The two-level system. (3) Interacting systems: The time-dependent self-consistent field approximation and the Ehrenfest approximation. (4) The Born–Oppenheimer approximation and nuclear potential surfaces. (5) Time-dependent Hamiltonians: A two-level system in a time-dependent field. (6) Non-adiabatic dynamics: The surface-hopping method. (7) Expressing the time evolution in terms of the Green operator. (8) Representations (the Schrödinger and Heisenberg representations, the interaction representation). (9) Time-dependent perturbation theory. (10) Quantum dynamics of the free particles. (11) Quantum dynamics of the harmonic oscillator. (12) The raising/lowering operators formalism. (13) Tunneling.
Introduction to quantum relaxation processes
Authors: Nitzan Abraham 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the theory and practice of quantum relaxation and quantum steady state processes. (1) A simple quantum-mechanical model for relaxation. (2) Relaxation in the time domain. (3) The origin of irreversibility. (4) Preparation of the initial state. (5) The effect of relaxation on absorption lineshapes. (6) Relaxation in a two-level system model. (7) Relaxation of a quantum harmonic oscillator. (8) Quantum mechanics of steady states. (9) Resonance tunnelling
The quantum mechanical density operator and its time evolution
Authors: Nitzan Abraham 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the density operator and the Liouville equation and outlines how reduced dynamical description of open quantum systems naturally leads to the appearance of relaxation processes. (1) The density operator and the quantum Liouville equation (the density matrix for a pure system, statistical mixtures, representations, coherences, thermodynamic equilibrium). (2) An example: The time evolution of a two-level system in the density matrix formalism. (3) Reduced descriptions. (4) Time evolution equations for reduced density operators: The quantum master equation (projection operators, The Nakajima–Zwanzig equation, Derivation of the quantum master equation using the thermal projector, The quantum master equation in the interaction representation, The Markovian limit—the Redfield equation, The secular approximation and the Lindblad equation). (5) The Lindblad equation in the ‘Heisenberg representation’. (6) Relaxation of a two-level system and a harmonic oscillator revisited. (7) The optically driven two-level system in a thermal environment—the Bloch equations. (8) The oscillating dipole model of a two-level molecule. (9) Analogy of a coupled two-level system to a spin ½ system in a magnetic field.
Electron transfer and transmission at molecule–metal and molecule–semiconductor interfaces
Authors: Nitzan Abraham 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter applies electron transfer theory to electrochemical system (electron transfer at a metal electrode) and molecular junctions (electron transmission between metal electrodes). (1) Electrochemical electron transfer (the electrochemical measurement, electron transfer at an electrode surface, the nuclear reorganization, dependence on the electrode potential: Tafel plots, electron transfer at the semiconductor–electrolyte interface). (2) Molecular conduction (models for molecular conduction, conduction of a molecular junction, the bias potential distribution, the one-level bridge model, a bridge with several independent levels, experimental statistics, the tight binding bridge model). (3) A formal theory of molecular conduction and current noise (electronic junction dynamics in occupation number representation, steady-state current in the one-level bridge model, current noise in the one-level bridge model).
Spectroscopy
Authors: Nitzan Abraham 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on spectroscopic applications of time dependent quantum mechanics focusing on molecular spectroscopy in condensed phases. (1) Molecular spectroscopy in the dressed state picture. (2) Resonance Raman scattering. (3) Resonance energy transfer. (4) Collective excitation and emission. (5) Thermal relaxation and dephasing (the Bloch equations, relaxation of a prepared state, dephasing (decoherence), the absorption lineshape, homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening, motional narrowing, thermal effects in resonance Raman scattering). (6) A case study: Resonance Raman scattering and fluorescence from Azulene in a Naphthalene matrix. (7) Probing inhomogeneous bands (hole-burning spectroscopy, photon echoes, single-molecule spectroscopy. (8) Optical response functions.
Molecular spectroscopy at dielectric interfaces
Authors: Nitzan Abraham 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Molecular spectroscopy at dielectric interfaces (this includes metals at optical frequencies) has become a subject of central interest as observations of molecular response to light in the presence of plasmon and optical cavity modes became abundant. This new field still poses many open questions and this chapter focuses on observations and theoretical considerations for which consensus in understanding has been reached. (1) Electrodynamics at metal interfaces. (2) Plasmons. (3) Cavity modes; transmission and reflection in a Fabry–Perot cavity. (4) Resonance interaction in the oscillating dipoles model (the local field, relaxation rates, Raman scattering, resonance energy transfer). (5) Strong coupling. (6) Radiative and non-radiative decay rates. (7) Collective effects.
Strategic Judicial Empowerment
Authors: Tew Yvonne 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
When courts seek to strengthen their own institutional power, they often need to be strategic. In many fraught political contexts, judiciaries lack a history of asserting authority against powerful political actors. How can courts with fragile authority establish and enhance judicial power? This Article explores the phenomenon of strategic judicial empowerment, offering an account of how and when courts deploy various strategies aimed at enhancing their institutional position vis-à-vis other branches of government. Drawing on examples from apex courts in Pakistan, Malawi, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom, it explores the ways in which judges use tools of statecraft to increase the effectiveness of their decisions and enhance their role in the constitutional order.
The Article explores the particular strategies that courts might employ in service of self-empowerment: first, a strategy of maxi-minimalism features Marbury-style maximalist reasoning that expands judicial power while issuing a narrow ruling to avoid political backlash; second, an inverse strategy of mini-maximalism involves formalistic, orthodox doctrine that downplays the expansion of judicial power, even as a court delivers a decision of immediate consequence; third, a strategy of coalition-building that aids a judiciary in seeking allies in other institutional stakeholders; fourth, a rhetorical strategy that courts may use to craft a constitutional narrative of popular salience; and, fifth, a unanimous, single-voice decision that provides the optics of a unified judicial front. This Article also considers the conditions that tend to give rise to instances of judicial self-empowerment. Courts in diverse contexts tend to assert themselves, for example, when their own institutional turf is threatened, during moments of political or constitutional crisis, when judges can capitalize on popular support for the outcome of a ruling, and under an influential judicial leader mindful of establishing a legacy.
Advances in integrating single-cell sequencing data to unravel the mechanism of ferroptosis in cancer
Authors: Du Zhaolan , Shi Yi , Tan Jianjun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ferroptosis, a commonly observed type of programmed cell death caused by abnormal metabolic and biochemical mechanisms, is frequently triggered by cellular stress. The occurrence of ferroptosis is predominantly linked to pathophysiological conditions due to the substantial impact of various metabolic pathways, including fatty acid metabolism and iron regulation, on cellular reactions to lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. This mode of cell death serves as a fundamental factor in the development of numerous diseases, thereby presenting a range of therapeutic targets. Single-cell sequencing technology provides insights into the cellular and molecular characteristics of individual cells, as opposed to bulk sequencing, which provides data in a more generalized manner. Single-cell sequencing has found extensive application in the field of cancer research. This paper reviews the progress made in ferroptosis-associated cancer research using single-cell sequencing, including ferroptosis-associated pathways, immune checkpoints, biomarkers, and the identification of cell clusters associated with ferroptosis in tumors. In general, the utilization of single-cell sequencing technology has the potential to contribute significantly to the investigation of the mechanistic regulatory pathways linked to ferroptosis. Moreover, it can shed light on the intricate connection between ferroptosis and cancer. This technology holds great promise in advancing tumor-wide diagnosis, targeted therapy, and prognosis prediction.
Explaining slow seizure propagation with white matter tractography
Authors: Azeem Abdullah , Abdallah Chifaou , von Ellenrieder Nicolás , El Kosseifi Charbel , Frauscher Birgit , Gotman Jean 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Epileptic seizures recorded with stereo-EEG can take a fraction of a second or several seconds to propagate from one region to another. What explains such propagation patterns? We combine tractography and stereo-EEG to determine the relationship between seizure propagation and the white matter architecture and to describe seizure propagation mechanisms.
Patient-specific spatiotemporal seizure propagation maps were combined with tractography from diffusion imaging of matched subjects from the Human Connectome Project. The onset of seizure activity was marked on a channel-by-channel basis by two board-certified neurologists for all channels involved in the seizure. We measured the tract connectivity (number of tracts) between regions-of-interest pairs among the seizure onset zone, regions of seizure spread and non-involved regions. We also investigated how tract-connected the seizure onset zone is to regions of early seizure spread compared with regions of late spread. Comparisons were made after correcting for differences in distance.
Sixty-nine seizures were marked across 26 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy; 11 were seizure free after surgery (Engel IA) and 15 were not (Engel IB–Engel IV). The seizure onset zone was more tract-connected to regions of seizure spread than to non-involved regions (P &lt; 0.0001); however, regions of seizure spread were not differentially tract-connected to other regions of seizure spread compared with non-involved regions. In seizure-free patients only, regions of seizure spread were more tract-connected to the seizure onset zone than to other regions of spread (P &lt; 0.0001). Over the temporal evolution of a seizure, the seizure onset zone was significantly more tract-connected to regions of early spread compared with regions of late spread in seizure-free patients only (P &lt; 0.0001).
By integrating information on structure, we demonstrate that seizure propagation is likely to be mediated by white matter tracts. The pattern of connectivity between seizure onset zone, regions of spread and non-involved regions demonstrates that the onset zone might be largely responsible for seizures propagating throughout the brain, rather than seizures propagating to intermediate points, from which further propagation takes place. Our findings also suggest that seizure propagation over seconds might be the result of a continuous bombardment of action potentials from the seizure onset zone to regions of spread. In non-seizure-free patients, the paucity of tracts from the presumed seizure onset zone to regions of spread suggests that the onset zone was missed. Fully understanding the structure–propagation relationship might eventually provide insight into selecting the correct targets for epilepsy surgery.