bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ein After Action Review auf kommunaler Ebene: Lessons learned in der
Corona-Einheit des Gesundheitsamtes Düsseldorf infolge der Covid-19-Pandemie,
März 2023
Authors: Höglund-Braun Hannah , Quartey Anne Lisa , Ganter Maya , Ehlkes Lutz , Geis Steffen , Skorning Max , Rehmet Sybille , Kuehne Anna 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund After-Action Reviews (AARs) stellen strukturierte, qualitative
Evaluationen von Krisenmaßnahmen dar. Wir beschreiben hier die Durchführung
eines AARs zur Evaluation der Corona-Einheit des Gesundheitsamtes
Düsseldorf.
Methoden Wir nutzten für das AAR das Format der Arbeitsgruppe, das durch
semi-strukturierte Interviews mit Schlüsselpersonen ergänzt wurde. Dabei
orientierten wir uns an den Leitlinien für AARs der Weltgesundheitsorganisation
(WHO) und des Europäischen Zentrums für die Prävention und die Kontrolle von
Krankheiten (ECDC).
Ergebnisse Die Teilnehmenden identifizierten neun relevante
Herausforderungen mit Verbesserungspotential, die drei Kategorien zugeordnet
werden konnten: (I) Herausforderungen in der Bereitstellung angeforderten
Personals, (II) übergeordnete Koordinationsfragen und (III) häufige Umzüge. Die
Teilnehmenden entwickelten folgende Lösungsvorschläge für diese
Herausforderungen: (I) 1. regelmäßiger ämterübergreifende Abfrage von freiwillig
einsatzbereitem Personal, 2. Berücksichtigung von abrufbaren Ressourcen
städtischer Tochterunternehmen und Einbindung von Personal mit Leitungserfahrung
anderer Ämter, 3. Koordination von Bereitstellung und Onboarding, 4. Vorschlag
zu früher Kommunikation in Bezug auf unterschiedliche Vergütungsregelungen, (II)
5. Etablierung einer übergeordneten Koordinationsinstanz für die Kriseneinheit,
6. klarere Zuständigkeitsabgrenzung innerhalb der Kriseneinheit mit eindeutigen
Aufgabenprofilen, 7. Etablierung einer gemeinsamen Arbeitsoberfläche sowie die
8. Etablierung eines zentralen Dashboards zur Generierung aller Lageberichte und
(III) 9. Identifizierung eines Gebäudes zur Unterbringung einer Kriseneinheit im
Krisenfall.
Schlussfolgerung Diese Studie stellt eine der ersten Anwendungen eines
AARs zur Evaluation von Krisenstrukturen im Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst (ÖGD)
auf kommunaler Ebene im Kontext der COVID-19-Pandemie dar. Während einige der
identifizierten Herausforderungen Düsseldorf-spezifisch sind, waren viele
Kommunen während der COVID-19-Pandemie mit Herausforderungen in den Bereichen
der Personalgenerierung und Koordination konfrontiert; die entwickelten
Lösungsansätze können entsprechend auch jenseits von Düsseldorf von Relevanz
sein. Kommunale Krisenpläne können in Bezug auf die identifizierten
Herausforderungen geprüft und entsprechend angepasst werden. Der Austausch von
Evaluations-ergebnissen unter den ÖGD-Akteuren kann dazu beitragen, die
Krisenstrukturen langfristig zu stärken.
Introduction
Authors: Feitoza Pedro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Propagandists of the Book examines the early history of evangelical Christianity in Brazil in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries through a study of Protestant print culture. The monograph looks closely at evangelical tracts, periodicals, books, and Bibles and considers their intellectual history, the ways they were circulated in Brazil, and the way such texts shed light on the social and cultural worlds of the first generations of converts, ministers, and foreign missionaries. This introduction situates the book in the academic literature on Christianity in Latin America, religious transnationalism, Christian and missionary literacy, global intellectual history, and the public sphere, highlighting its unique contributions to these fields. It also explains the overarching narrative of the book and provides an outline of chapters.
Protestant Origins
Authors: Feitoza Pedro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter traces the first wave of Protestant expansion in Brazil between 1860 and 1900. It begins by examining the relationship between missionaries and the communities of foreign Protestant immigrants and merchants. The chapter situates evangelical diffusion into the social and political transformations of the age, interrogating what social categories embraced and propagated the new religion. It also recovers the experiences of Brazilian ministers and laypeople and the roles they played in the making of Protestant congregations and schools. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the evangelical publishing enterprise in this context of religious expansion and institution building, showing how converts seized the missionary bureaucratic machinery.
The Dynamics of Religious Change
Authors: Feitoza Pedro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with the topic of religious change and conversion. Through a close examination of conversion narratives, biographies of early converts, and missionary correspondence, it reconstructs the exchanges, objects, practices, and ideas that brought about evangelical conversion. It focuses on the area where evangelical Christianity first made inroads in the Brazilian center south, and it gives special attention to the encounter of the rural caipira populations of São Paulo and Minas Gerais with Protestantism. The chapter analyzes the responses of the two first generations of evangelical believers in Brazil and captures their different responses to the beliefs, practices, and institutions of evangelical Christianity. It provides an innovative assessment of the dynamics of individual conversion, considering the balance between the dissolution and reconstruction of social bonds.
The Idea of Christian Cooperation
Authors: Feitoza Pedro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The World Missionary Conference of Edinburgh (1910) was a landmark in the history of missions. In devising coordinated strategies to evangelize the non-Christian world, the conference’s organizers excluded the Catholic societies of southern Europe and Latin America from its purview. This chapter de-centers Edinburgh (1910) and examines how foreign missionaries and Latin American ministers appropriated and modified the idea of Christian cooperation formulated in Edinburgh in a series of missionary conferences in New York, Panama City, and Rio de Janeiro. Special attention is given to the Congress on Christian Work in Latin America, or Panama Congress of 1916. The chapter concentrates on the books written by two influential Brazilian pastors, the Revs. Eduardo Carlos Pereira and Erasmo Braga, interpreting the significance of Christian cooperation to the social, political, and diplomatic life of the Americas.
The Rise of an Evangelical Intelligentsia
Authors: Feitoza Pedro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the first decades of the twentieth century a seminary-educated evangelical elite emerged in Brazil, participating in literary academies and taking up professorships at the emerging universities. This chapter reconstructs the life-worlds and thought of some of these individuals, beginning with an analysis of the role of Protestant seminaries in this history. The chapter then examines the ways in which Protestant intellectuals interacted with Anglophone Protestant theology, the field of biblical criticism, and the Social Gospel, while simultaneously taking part in the social, literary, and religious debates of the country. As grammarians, linguists, and pastors, these agents straddled religious and academic domains and closely engaged with the rural traditions and language of the mixed-race caipira populations of central Brazil. The chapter also considers how they sought to locate evangelical religion deep into the history and culture of the country.
How the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcome (ECHO) cohort can spur discoveries in environmental epidemiology
Authors: Park Christina H , Blaisdell Carol J , Arteaga S Sonia , Mash Clay , Laessig Susan , Hanspal Manjit , Luetkemeier Erin , Thompson Leslie C , Gillman Matthew W 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcome (ECHO) program at the National Institutes of Health is an innovative, large, collaborative research initiative whose mission is to enhance the health of children for generations to come. The goal of the ECHO program is to examine effects of a broad array of early environmental exposures on child health and development. The information includes longitudinal data and biospecimens from more than 100 000 children and family members from diverse settings across the United States ECHO investigators have published collaborative analyses showing associations of environmental exposures—primarily in the developmentally sensitive pre-, peri-, and postnatal periods—with preterm birth and childhood asthma, obesity, neurodevelopment, and positive health. Investigators have addressed health disparities, joint effects of environmental and social determinants, and effects of mixtures of chemicals. The ECHO cohort is now entering its second 7-year cycle (2023-2030), which will add the preconception period to its current focus on prenatal through adolescence. Through a controlled access public-use database, ECHO makes its deidentified data available to the general scientific community. ECHO cohort data provide opportunities to fill major knowledge gaps in environmental epidemiology and to inform policies, practices, and programs to enhance child health.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.
High-Salt Diet Inhibits the Expression of Bmal1 and Promotes Atrial Fibrosis and Vulnerability to Atrial Fibrillation in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats
Authors: Wang Xiu-Heng , Zhang Zhi-Zhu , Ou Yun , Ning Zhi-Hong , Yang Jia-Yang , Huang Hong , Tang Hui-Fang , Jiang Zhi-Sheng , Hu Heng-Jing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hypertension is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), and brain and muscle arnt-like protein 1 (Bmal1) regulate circadian blood pressure and is implicated in several fibrotic disorders. Our hypothesis that Bmal1 inhibits atrial fibrosis and susceptibility to AF in salt-sensitive hypertension (SSHT) and our study provides a new target for the pathogenesis of AF induced by hypertension.

METHODS
The study involved 7-week-old male Dahl salt-sensitive that were fed either a high-salt diet (8% NaCl; DSH group) or a normal diet (0.3% NaCl; DSN group). An experimental model was used to measure systolic blood pressure (SBP), left atrial ejection fraction (LAEF), left atrial end-volume index (LAEVI), left atrial index (LAFI), AF inducibility, AF duration, and atrial fibrosis pathological examination and the expression of Baml1 and fibrosis-related proteins (TNF-α and α-SMA) in left atrial tissue.

RESULTS
DSH increased TNF-α and α-SMA expression in atrial tissue, level of SBP and LAESVI, atrial fibrosis, AF induction rate, and AF duration, and decreased Bmal1 expression in atrial tissue, the circadian rhythm of hypertension, and level of LAEF and LAFI. Our results also showed that the degree of atrial fibrosis was negatively correlated with Bmal1 expression, but positively correlated with the expression of TNF-α and α-SMA.

CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrated that a high-salt diet leads to circadian changes in hypertension due to a reduction of Bmal1 expression, which plays a crucial role in atrial fibrosis and increased susceptibility to AF in SSHT rats.
Cognitive Processing Speed and Loneliness in Stroke Survivors: Insights from a Large-Scale Cohort Study
Authors: Byrne Christopher , Coetzer Rudi , Ramsey Richard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Loneliness, when prolonged, is associated with many deleterious effects and has been shown to be highly prevalent in those with a history of stroke, yet the cognitive mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon remain unclear. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the extent to which cognitive factors, with specific focus on processing speed, are associated with loneliness in those with a history of stroke.

Method
Utilizing data from the British Cohort Study, a nationally representative dataset, we conducted secondary data analysis. A total of 7,752 participants completed relevant questions related to health, social interactions, demographics, loneliness, and cognitive assessments. Among them, 47 had experienced a stroke (“stroke,” n = 47), 5,545 reported other health conditions (“ill,” n = 5,545), and 2,857 were deemed healthy (“healthy,” n = 2,857).

Results
Consistent with previous research, our findings confirmed a positive correlation between stroke history and heightened loneliness. However, inferential analysis revealed that processing speed, alongside other cognitive factors, had a minimal impact on loneliness, with correlations too small to draw definitive conclusions.

Conclusion
This study suggests that cognitive processing speed alone is not a robust predictor of loneliness in stroke survivors. Consequently, when developing interventions to combat loneliness in this population, it is crucial to consider a broader spectrum of factors, such as social engagement, emotional wellbeing, and interpersonal relationships. This underscores the imperative need for comprehensive assessments to better comprehend the multifaceted nature of loneliness and inform more effective intervention strategies.
Analysis on promotive effect of rocking culture on keratinocyte differentiation in 3-dimensional reconstitution human epidermis
Authors: Endo Mayuko , Teshima Hirofumi , Kitadani Kojin , Minoru Kobayashi , Tsuji Tokuji , Tatsukawa Hideki , Harada Hiroshi , Hitomi Kiyotaka 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
A 3-dimensional culture system of keratinocytes achieves cornification as a terminal differentiation that can mimic the formation of stratified epidermis. At the onset of keratinocyte differentiation, air-exposure treatment is essential for promotion. We have previously reported that the stimulation of differentiation is accompanied by downregulation of the transcriptional activity of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and also found that rocking treatment of cultured keratinocytes in the submerged condition restored their differentiation. A comparative study of cultured keratinocytes with and without rocking was then carried out to investigate the characteristics of the recovered differentiation by morphological and biochemical analyses. In addition, transcriptome analysis revealed the expected similar pattern between air-exposed and rocking cultures, including HIF-regulating transcripts. Furthermore, the promotive effect of rocking treatment was impaired under hypoxic culture conditions (1% O2). We showed that the restored promotion of differentiation by rocking culture is mainly due to the abrogation of transcriptional events by hypoxia.
Scn1a haploinsufficiency in the prefrontal cortex leads to cognitive impairment and depressive phenotype
Authors: Riga Maurizio S , Pérez-Fernández Mercedes , Miquel-Rio Lluis , Paz Verónica , Campa Leticia , Martínez-Losa Magdalena , Esteban Francisco J , Callado Luis F , Meana Javier , Artigas Francesc , Bortolozzi Analía , Álvarez-Dolado Manuel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Altered development and function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during adolescence is implicated in the origin of mental disorders. Deficits in the GABAergic system prominently contribute to these alterations. Nav1.1 is a voltage-gated Na+ channel critical for normal GABAergic activity. Here, we studied the role of Nav1.1 in PFC function and its potential relationship with the aetiology of mental disorders.
Dysfunction of Nav1.1 activity in the medial PFC (mPFC) of adolescent mice enhanced the local excitation/inhibition ratio, resulting in epileptic activity, cognitive deficits and depressive-like behaviour in adulthood, along with a gene expression profile linked to major depressive disorder (MDD). Additionally, it reduced extracellular serotonin concentration in the dorsal raphe nucleus and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the hippocampus, two MDD-related brain areas beyond the PFC. We also observed alterations in oscillatory activity and impaired hippocampal-mPFC coherence during sleep. Finally, we found reduced expression levels of SCN1A, the gene encoding Nav1.1, in post-mortem PFC samples from human MDD subjects.
Collectively, our results provide a novel mechanistic framework linking adolescence-specific alterations in Nav1.1 function in the PFC to the pathogenesis of epilepsy and comorbidities such as cognitive impairment and depressive disorders.
Ultrastructural localization of calcium homeostasis modulator 1 in mouse taste buds
Authors: Ikuta Rio , Kakinohana Yuu , Hamada Shun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Taste receptor cells are morphologically classified as types II and III. Type II cells form a unique type of synapses referred to as channel synapses where calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) together with CALHM3 forms voltage-gated channels that release the neurotransmitter, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). To validate the proposed structural model of channel synapses, the ultrastructural localization of CALHM1 in type II cells of both fungiform and circumvallate taste buds was examined. A monoclonal antibody against CALHM1 was developed and its localization was evaluated via immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy using the immunogold-silver labeling technique. CALHM1 was detected as puncta using immunofluorescence and along the presynaptic membrane of channel synapses facing atypical mitochondria, which provide ATP, by immunoelectron microscopy. In addition, it was detected along the plasma membrane lined by subsurface cisternae at sites apposed to afferent nerve fibers. Our results support the validity of a previously proposed structural model for channel synapses and provide insights into the function of subsurface cisternae whose function in taste receptor cells is unknown. We also examined the localization of CALHM1 in hybrid synapses of type III cells, which are conventional chemical synapses accompanied by mitochondria similar to atypical mitochondria of channel synapses. CALHM1 was not detected in the six hybrid synapses examined using immunoelectron microscopy. We further performed double immunolabeling for CALHM1 and Bassoon, which is detected as puncta corresponding to conventional vesicular synapses in type III cells. Our observations suggest that at least some, and probably most, hybrid synapses are not accompanied by CALHM1.
Integrating the Patient’s Voice into the Research Agenda for Treatment of Chemosensory Disorders
Authors: Murphy Claire , Dalton Pamela , Boateng Katie , Hunter Stephanie , Silberman Pamela , Trachtman Jenifer , Schrandt Suz , Naimi Bita , Garvey Emily , Joseph Paule V , Frank Conner , Albertazzi Abigail , Nyquist Gurston , Rawson Nancy E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
World-wide some 658 million people were infected with COVID-19 and millions suffer from chemosensory impairment associated with long COVID. Current treatments for taste and smell disorders are limited. Involving patients has the potential to catalyze the dynamic exchange and development of new ideas and approaches to facilitate biomedical research and therapeutics. We assessed patients’ perceptions of the efficacy of treatments for chemosensory impairment using an online questionnaire completed by 5,815 people in the U.S. Logistic regression determined variables predictive of reported treatment efficacy for patients aged 18-24, 25-39, 40-60 and 60+ yrs. who were treated with nasal steroids, oral steroids, zinc, nasal rinse, smell training, theophylline, platelet rich plasma, and Omega 3. The most consistent predictor was age, with the majority of those 40-60 and 60+ reporting that nasal steroids, oral steroids, zinc, nasal rinse and smell training were only slightly effective or not effective at all. Many of these treatment strategies target regeneration and immune response, processes compromised by age. Only those under 40 reported more than slight efficacy of steroids or smell training. Findings emphasize the need to include patients of all ages in clinical trials. Older adults with olfactory impairment are at increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We speculate that olfactory impairment associated with long COVID introduces the potential for a significant rise in AD. Long COVID-associated chemosensory impairment increases the urgency for translational and clinical research on novel treatment strategies. Suggestions for high priority areas for epidemiological, basic, and clinical research on chemosensory impairment follow.
“A Different Creature, Not So Human”: Globalgothic Shapeshifting and Weaponzed Rape in Nnedi Okorafor’s Who Fears Death
Authors: Stefanova Svetlana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This essay explores Nnedi Okorafor’s engagement with the traumatic consequences of a civil war in Africa through the shapeshifting motif in her novel Who Fears Death (2010). It argues that the interaction between Africanjujuism and globalgothic allows her to transcend the specificities of the conflict and address the transgenerational effects of ethnic violence as a global problem. Okorafor employs Africanjujuism to describe the protagonist’s shapeshifting as a means of healing, empowerment, and knowledge. In contrast, she uses Gothic tropes to depict extreme violence. Representing a girl born of wartime rape as the trickster god Eshu, who adds hope to a dark moment in history, constitutes a strong critique of a society in which women victims of war rape are often ignored and their children stigmatized.
The Disappearance of Leo Africanus: Rival Repertoires of Historical Scholarship in the Mid-Twentieth Century
Authors: Ossa-Richardson Anthony 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article is about two twentieth-century attempts to produce an edition of the famous Cosmography and Geography of Africa (1526) by Johannes Leo Africanus. One attempt was French, colonial, collaboratively authored, presentist and successful; the other was Italian, academic, single-authored, historicist and unsuccessful, in that it never appeared. Drawing primarily on unstudied archival material from several countries, I reconstruct the trajectories of each edition and its author(s), in an effort to understand more broadly the different ways in which scholarship was produced inside and outside universities in the period between the end of the First World War and the early 1960s. In other words, this is a comparative study of two ‘repertoires’, to borrow a term recently introduced by Rachel Ankeny and Sabina Leonelli: two institutional praxes embodying different understandings of the world, but also different material resources and codes of personal conduct. But this essay also attempts to say something about the Cosmography itself. One of Leo’s greatest achievements was to reach out beyond his own world to adopt the language, ideas and culture of his Italian readers; this could only be fully grasped after the rediscovery of an early manuscript in 1931, which showed that the supposedly foreign, Italian elements of the book were not added later by others. It was precisely this feature, I argue, that was better reflected by the successful French edition than by the unsuccessful Italian one.