bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Temperature and the Occurrence of Toxaemia of Pregnancy in a Subarctic Area
Authors: YlóstaloYlóstalo Pekka , Kauppila Antti , Sotaniemi Eero 
Published: December 2009

A study was conducted on the effect of variations of environmental temperature in a subarctic area on the incidence of admission to hospital of patients with toxaemia of pregnancy. Toxaemia of pregnancy was the reason for 1 152 admissions in 1965‐1968, and essential hypertension was the reason for 209 admissions. The environmental temperature was correlated with the admission rate: the higher the temperature, the greater was the number of admissions. A minor drop was seen in the rate of admissions in the temperature range 10° to + 10°C, and the same trend was observed in the frequency of the individual symptoms of toxaemia of pregnancy: oedema, proteinuria and hypertension. The incidence of eclampsia followed the same pattern, but to a greater degree. The rate was higher in the temperature ranges 10° to 19°C and + 10° to + 19°C than in the 10° to + 10°C range.Temperature changes during the two days before the day of hospital admission did not influence the frequency of hospital admissions.
Premature Ovarian Failure
Authors: Starup J. , Sele V. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Twenty‐six patients with premature ovarian failure (last menstrual period before the age of 30 years) were evaluated clinically and endocrinologically and, in addition, ovarian biopsies were obtained in 15 out of the 26 patients. Only 1 of the patients revealed a family history of early menopause. The typical menstrual pattern indicated a normal age at menarche with regular periods for various length of time followed either by amenorrhoea abruptly or by a period of oligomenorrhoea before the onset of amenorrhoea. All patients showed normal or slightly underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics, and it should be noted that 2 patients had been pregnant previously.It was characteristic of all patients that the excretion of total gonadotropins was constantly increased and that the excretion of total oestrogens was low, whereas both the adrenal and thyroid function were normal. All patients were X‐chromatin positive.In 13 out of the 15 patients, in whom ovarian biopsies were obtained, the histological examination revealed a normal stroma without or with very few primordial and atretic follicles, a picture very similar to that characteristic of the postmenopausal ovary. In the last 2 patients, however, the histological examination showed a quite different picture, viz. a normal stroma with numerous primordial and primary follicles and even a few growing follicles. In spite of these morphologically normal follicles, it was not possible to stimulate the follicular development and to induce ovulation even with very high doses of human gonadotrophins. It is, therefore, concluded that the presence of a few growing follicles in the ovaries does not seem to exclude the diagnosis of premature ovarian failure.Only 14 out of the 26 patients had the typical symptoms of the climacteric, and even in these cases the nuisance was only of a mild to moderate degree. It is generally agreed that all patients with symptoms should receive substitution therapy, but the essential risk of ischaemic heart disease and osteoporosis, together with the unquestionable psychological effect of having regular menstrual bleeding, have led us to the conclusion that this therapy is indicated in all cases of premature ovarian failure. Cyclical treatment either with a sequential preparation or with oestrogens alone is the treatment of choice.
Ovarian Morphology and Pituitary Gonadotrophins in Serum During and After Long‐Term Treatment with Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Starup Jørgen , Visfeldt Jakob 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The aim of the present investigation was to directly correlate the development of ovarian follicles with the levels of FSH and LH in serum during long‐term treatment with oral contraceptives in order to discover to what extent follicular maturation beyond the stage of early primary follicles depends upon stimulation with pituitary gonadotropins.Seventeen women aged 20 to 44 were treated cyclically for 6 to 100 months with different oral contraceptives of the combination type. Group I (10 women) were examined during treatment, while group II (7 women) were examined within the first 7 weeks after cessation of treatment. Laparotomy was performed in all cases, and FSH and LH in serum were determined radioimmunologically shortly before the operation. The ovaries were inspected macroscopically, and large wedge excisions were submitted to histological examination.During treatment the values of serum FSH were low, but within the normal range in all women. The values of serum LH were very low in the normal range or even below the lower limit. The number of primordial follicles seemed to be mainly dependent on the age of the individual woman, whereas no correlation with the duration of treatment was found. All women except one revealed primary follicles in different stages of development. More surprising was the fact that 5 out of the 10 women showed antral and/or Graafian follicles in spite of the low levels of FSH and LH. No fresh corpora lutea were found. Two women showed a slight thickening of tunica albuginea, but in no case was perifollicular fibrosis found.Within the first 7 weeks after treatment 6 out of the 7 women revealed antral and/or Graafian follicles, and 2 of them a fresh corpus luteum. In addition, all values of FSH and LH in serum were within the normal range, and significantly higher than during treatment.
Patterns of Free Fatty Acids, Glycerol, D‐β‐Hydroxybutyrate and Insulin in Pregnant Women and Their Newborn Infants
Authors: Edström Karin , Persson Bengt , Cerasi Erol , Luft Rolf 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Twenty‐eight healthy women, 17 with high and 11 with low insulin response to glucose but with normal glucose tolerance, were followed throughout pregnancy. Plasma FFA, glycerol and D‐β‐hydroxybutyrate as well as plasma insulin and glucose in blood were determined before and during a glucose infusion test (GIT) in each trimester and after pregnancy. In 13 infants of high insulin responders (IHR) and 10 infants of low responders (ILR) an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed, and the above lipid parameters were studied at birth and during the IVGTT. The low responder group was postulated to consist mainly of prediabetic individuals (8). Their infants have previously been shown to have an increased glucose assimilation rate at IVGTT (12, 13), as has been shown for infants of diabetic mothers.There was little difference between the two groups of mothers except for the insulin levels during the GIT in non‐pregnant and early pregnant subjects, which were considerably lower in the low responders. They all had decreased fasting levels of FFA, glycerol, and D‐β‐hydroxybutyrate in mid‐pregnancy and normal values in late pregnancy. The ILR showed the same changes in FFA and glycerol as the IHR, but their d‐β‐hydroxybutyrate levels were higher at birth than those of the IHR and lower after birth. Another difference found, was the correlation between birth weight and fasting insulin (and to some extent the insulin level at birth) in the ILR group, which was not found in the IHR. Apart from those differences the ILR and the IHR seemed to handle their fat metabolism in a similar way in the early neonatal perinatal period.
Studies in Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Authors: Johnson P. , Samsioe G. , Gustafson A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Fifty‐nine consecutive pregnant women complaining of pruritus without obvious dermatological cause were studied. In 57 women the presence in serum of an abnormal lipoprotein, LP‐X, characteristic conditions associated with cholestasis, was verified by an immunological technique. These 57 women were designated as having cholestasis of pregnancy. Clinical symptoms were related to liver function tests: serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, SGOT and SGPT. Compared with women with uncomplicated pregnancy, these patients showed a high frequency (p<0.05) and long duration (p<0.001) of emesis, food‐ and drug idiosyncrasy (p<0.001) and gall bladder disease (p<0.05).Based on liver function tests two groups of patients with different degrees of severity of cholestasis of pregnancy were differentiated. Thirteen cases, characterized by serum bilirubin >1.2 mg/100 ml and/or SGOT and SGPT >50 units/1, were called hepatosis of pregnancy (HP), while 37 cases with pruritus gravidarum (PG) represented a milder degree of cholestasis.
Intraamniotic and Intramuscular Administration of 15‐Methyl Prostaglandin F2α for Midtrimester Abortion
Authors: Bergquist Christer , Nyberg Rune 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Two series of midtrimester abortion inductions are compared. In one series of 68 cases of midtrimester pregnancies (12–24 weeks), legal abortion was induced by one intraamniotic injection of 2.5 mg 15‐methyl prostaglandin F2α. Fetus was expelled in 67 cases (98.5%) after a mean time of 18.4 hours. One case with duplex failed to abort (1.5%). Abortion was complete in 54% of the aborted cases.In the second series of 93 cases abortion was induced by intramuscular injection of 300 μg 15‐methyl PGF2α every third hour (the first dose was 200 μg) during 30 hours. Fetus was expelled in 79 cases (85%) after a mean time of 16.7 hours. Failure occurred in 14 cases (15%). Abortion was complete in 57% of the aborted cases.Side effects (vomiting and diarrhea) were more frequent in the intramuscular series and very inconvenient to many of the patients.Excessive bleeding occurred more often in the intraamniotic series. A small rupture of the cervix was noted once (primigravida) in the intramuscular group.It is concluded that the intramuscular way of administration is a simple method of second trimester pregnancy termination with small bleedings but that otherwise it is inferior to the intraamniotic route.
THERAPEUTIC ABORTION IN AN OUT‐PATIENT CLINIC: A Prospective Investigation of Complications and Patient Acceptability
Authors: Møller Birger R. , Hansen Jørgen Trier , Diederich Poul , Oram Viggo 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The incidence of complications associated with therapeutic termination of pregnancy was analysed in 1349 patients, whose average age was 26.3 years. Of the patients, 51.8% were 25 years or under; 56.3% were seen in or before the 8th week of pregnancy, and 17.4% had previously had one or more legal abortions. All the operations were performed under local anaesthesia and by the same doctor, who was an experienced gynaecologist. Complications associated with the operation occurred in 14 patients (1%), viz. infections in the uterus and tubes, 9 cases; incomplete abortion necessitating repeat curettage, 4 cases; and profuse bleeding requiring blood transfusion, 1 case. No uterine perforations or cervical ruptures were encountered.Questioned about subjective discomforts of the operation, 7.4% of the women answered that the discomfort had been considerable, whereas 62.6% described it as only slight; 4.8% would have preferred general anaesthesia.We conclude that therapeutic abortion can be performed safely and with an acceptably low incidence of complications in out‐patients, provided the operations are performed by an experienced gynaecologist.
THE IMMUNODEPRESSIVE EFFECT OF HUMAN GLUCOPROTEINS AND THEIR POSSIBLE ROLE IN THE NONREJECTION PROCESS DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Hammarström L. , Fuchs T. , Smith C. I. E. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and human chorionic somatomammotrophin (HCS) were shown to suppress the proliferative T and B cell response induced by different mitogens in human and mouse lymphocytes. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), sharing the alphachain subunit with HCG was devoid of effect suggesting that the immunosuppressive entity is localized within the beta‐chain subunit. Human growth hormone (HGH) which is partly biologically cross‐reactive with HCS did not impair mitogen responsiveness.HCG was also able to inhibit the differentiation of cells since the induction of antibody‐formation was depressed. Expression of plaque forming cells was also reduced by addition of HCG directly in the PFC assay possibly reflecting the anti‐complementary effect of this hormone, since cell mediated lysis of target cells by Con A activated lymphocytes, which is not complement‐dependent, was unaffected by adding HCG in the assay system.
AMNIOTIC FLUID PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL AND PHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROL
Authors: Skjaeraasen Julie , Stray‐Pedersen S. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. 139 samples of amniotic fluid from diabetic women collected during 34‐39 weeks of pregnancy showed higher levels of lecithin, phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) indicating an accelerated surfactant synthesis as compared to that observed in normal pregnancies (13). In ten infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) delivered from diabetic mothers the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S), PI/S and PG/S ratios were generally low. Only four samples showed definitely immature L/S ratios, whereas the amniotic fluid content of PG in all samples was unmeasurable or low.In 56 samples of amniotic fluid collected during the third trimester from preeclamptic pregnancies PI/S and PG/S ratios after 36‐37 weeks were comparable with those of normal pregnancies. In 11 neonates with subsequent RDS the L/S ratios were immature, and PG was critically low or lacking in the majority of the samples.No convincing association between the PI content and development of RDS could be observed in any of the groups.
EFFECT OF ALTHESIN ANESTHESIA ON BLOOD LOSS DURING THERAPEUTIC ABORTION
Authors: Møller Birger R. , Mommsen Søren , Böggild‐Madsen Niels Bo , Vestersgaard‐Andersen Torben Bo , Olcott Andrew , Hansen Jørgen Trier 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. During recent years, the use of steroid anesthesia has rapidly increased. In our hospital, a number of surgical procedures have been performed under AlthesinR anesthesia, and in some cases the peroperative bleeding seemed to be rather profuse. Blood loss was studied in 90 healthy women in the first trimester of pregnancy undergoing therapeutic abortion using different types of anesthesia.The patients were divided into three equal groups according to the duration of pregnancy. In each group, 10 patients underwent operation under local anesthesia, 10 under thiopental anesthesia and 10 under Althesin.In all three groups, blood loss was the smallest when local anesthesia was used (Fig 1). Amounting to only one third to one half of that occurring under thiopental anesthesia. Under thiopental anesthesia the blood loss gradually increased with increasing gestational age with moderate variations. Alternatively, in this investigation, Althesin anesthesia was characterized by pronounced blood loss, particularly in the ninth and tenth weeks of pregnancy, and in some cases by rather profuse bleeding.We find that Althesin anesthesia should be used for gynecological surgery oonly in departments which are equipped to control profuse bleeding and possible cardiovascular complications.
A COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS FOR INDUCING LABOR
Authors: Lykkesfeldt Gert , Osier Mogens 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A study of labor induction in 325 patients is reported. Group I (77 patients with Bishop's scores 0‐6) and 2 (69 patients with Bishop's scores 7‐12) were given 0.5 mg prostaglandin E2 every half hour (maximum 5 mg per day). Group 3 (87 patients with Bishop's scores 0‐6) was given 50 International units of buccal desaminooxytocin every half hour (maximum 500 International units per day). In Group 4 (92 patients with Bishop's scores 7‐12), labor was induced by primary amniotomy and automatic oxytocin infusion by the Cardiff method.In groups 1, 2 and 3, 45 per cent, 74 per cent and 41 per cent delivered within 48 hours, while 100 per cent in group 4 delivered within 24 hours.No differences were found in either the frequency of cesarean section or the incidence of low Apgar scores.A higher, but not statistically significant frequency of vacuum extraction was found in the Cardiff group (25 per cent) than in the tablet‐induced groups (15 per cent). There was, however, a significantly higher occurrence of alterations in fetal heart rate which led to instrumental intervention to hasten delivery in the Cardiff group compared to the tablet‐induced patients.
BROMOCRIPTINE TREATMENT OF THE PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME
Authors: Kullander Stig , Svanberg Lars 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Bromocriptine, 2.5 mg twice a day was tested for its effect on premenstrual tension in a random double‐blind cross‐over trial.1. The compound tended to lessen the symptoms, especially mastodynia.2. Serum prolactin levels around the upper limit of the normal range were significantly lowered. Patients with the highest starting prolactin levels had the most severe symptoms and in these patients the fall in the levels was greatest.3. Serum FSH and LH levels were significantly reciprocally influenced compared with serum prolactin. Serum estradiol‐17‐beta and progesterone did not change during treatment.4. The bromocriptine‐treated cycles were all ovulatory according to basal temperature levels. The luteal phase was prolonged when serum FSH was raised.
NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEIN CHANGES IN NORMAL AND PRE‐ECLAMPTIC PLACENTAE
Authors: Sammour Mohamed B. , Ibrahim Fawzia K. , Fattah Mohamed M. A. , Ramadan Mohyi A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. DNA and RNA assayed in the placentae of three groups of pregnant women: normal second trimester (16–28), normal third trimester (28 weeks up to term) and in preeclampsia. The protein level in the placentae of the three groups was also assayed.The proteins, DNA and RNA all decreased after 28 weeks and up to term in normal pregnancy.In pre‐eclampsia DNA and RNA showed a significant increase compared with cases of normal third trimester pregnancy. Whereas the proteins also showed an increased level, this was still less than its concentration during the second trimester of pregnancy.Protein/DNA and RNA/DNA ratios were calculated for the three groups. These ratios showed a gradual decrease during normal pregnancy from 16 weeks up to term, but with a sharper decrease in pre‐eclampsia.
DETERMINATION OF PROSTAGLANDINS IN BODY FLUIDS AND TISSUES
Authors: Green Krister 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The biosynthesis of prostaglandins is a very rapid reaction. Since blood platelets, when disturbed, readily convert e. g. arachidonic acid into prostaglandin E2 and F2α, those compounds cannot be quantitated in body fluids or tissues which contain platelets.When present in the circulation, primary prostaglandins are rapidly inactivated to corresponding 15‐ke‐to‐13, 14‐dihydro metabolites which occur in plasma in about ten times higher concentrations than the primary prostaglandins. The basal plasma levels of these metabolites are lower than 100 picog/ml. Therefore highly sensitive and specific techniques are necessary for safe quantitation of prostaglandins.The rapid inactivation of prostaglandins also makes it necessary to carefully determine which metabolite should be quantitated in a given experimental situation.The complexity of prostaglandin biochemistry and its importance for accurate monitoring of prostaglandin synthesis in different experimental situations will be discussed in this article.
A one‐year study of routine fetal heart rate monitoring during the first stage of labor
Authors: Ingemarsson Eva , Ingemarsson Ingemar , Solum Thore , Westgren Magnus 
Published: December 2009

At the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden 90 per cent of all deliveries are monitored with cardiotocography (CTG). The fetal heart rate recording (FHR) together with various pregnancy‐ and delivery data, are continuously analysed. The present paper is an account of FHR changes during the first stage of labor of all patients registered during 1977.FHR‐changes occurred already during the 1st stage of labor in more than 90 per cent of all deliveries where the new‐borns' Apgar score was less than 7 at 1 minute.Tachycardia, silent pattern, and late and combined decelerations, rarely occurred in the material, but were dominant at deliveries where the newborns' Apgar score was less than 7 at 1 and 5 minutes. This relationship was even more pronounced when these changes occurred together.
Urethral pressure profile in continent women from childhood to old age
Authors: Rud T. 
Published: December 2009

One hundred and sixty‐nine urinary continent females were examined with simultaneous urethrocystometry, using a dual microtip‐catheter. It was shown that the maximum urethral pressure and the urethral length increased from infancy to the age of 20‐25 years. Thereafter, the values of these parameters decreased with increasing age. The bladder pressure remained constant in the different age groups.In six women, aged between 20 and 25 years, the parameters were measured three times during a menstrual cycle. No correlation between the fluctuating estrogens, gestagens, catecholamines and the urethral pressure or the urethral lengths was found.
A Comparison of the Analgesic Effects of Methoxyflurane‐Nitrous Oxide and Nitrous Oxide Alone During Labour Related to the Eysenck Personality Inventory Test
Authors: Arozenius Sixten , Dahlgren Bengt‐Einar , Lindwall Lars , Åkerlind Ingemar 
Published: December 2009

One hundred and thirty‐three parturients who had received either methoxyflurane‐nitrous oxide or nitrous oxide analgesia with or without pudendal block, underwent the Eysenck Personality Inventory Test on the second postpartum day and evaluated their memory of the pain (Subjectively Evaluated Pain Suffering Scores) during labor. Parturients who had received methoxyflurane‐nitrous oxide analgesia reported significantly lower pain suffering than parturients who had had nitrous oxide analgesia.Subdivision according to Personality Inventory factors showed that at the introvert end of the Extroversion‐Introversion scale, methoxyflurane‐nitrous oxide analgesia with or without additional pudendal block resulted in significantly lower pain suffering than did nitrous oxide analgesia. On the other hand, nitrous oxide analgesia without additional pudendal block gave significantly lower pain suffering at the extrovert end of the scale.Among the extroverts there was a tendency, though not statistically significant, towards non‐approval of the pudendal block.
Local Application of Ketocaine for Treatment of Referred Pain in Primary Dysmenorrhea
Authors: Sandahl Björn , Ulmsten Ulf , Andersson Karl‐Erik 
Published: December 2009

In a randomized, double‐blind cross‐over study the effect on referred pain of the local anesthetic, ketocaine, was evaluated in 23 women suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. Ketocaine was administered in compresses containing 1 g ketocaine in a 10 per cent ethanol solution. The investigation comprised two consecutive menstrual periods. During one, the patient received ketocaine compresses, and during the other placebo compresses, i.e. compresses without ketocaine. The compresses were applied to the skin area where the patient experienced the most intense pain.When receiving ketocaine compresses, 19 of the 23 patients reported good or moderate pain relief. The effect was recognized within 30 to 60 minutes and lasted for a mean of 3 hours (range 1.5–5 h).Only four of the patients reported relief of pain when receiving placebo compresses. This effect ceased when the compresses were removed.No general side effects were registered. However, erythema at the site of compress application was more often observed after ketocaine than after placebo compresses.