bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Active Supramolecules
Authors: Scarso Alessandro , Borsato Giuseppe 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Cyclotriveratrylene
Authors: Hardie Michaele J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Synthetic Approaches Towards the Antiproliferative Natural Products Avrainvillamide and Stephacidin B
Authors: Nising Carl F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sterically Demanding Trialkylphosphines for Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross Coupling Reactions—Alternatives to PtBu3.
Authors: Fleckenstein Christoph A. , Plenio Herbert 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds — A Comprehensive Update
Authors: Gribble Gordon W. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Carbohydrate‐Decorated Targeted Drug/Gene Delivery
Authors: Zhang Hailong , Ma Yong , Sun Xue‐Long 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances Toward the Inhibition of mAG and LAM Synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Umesiri Francis E. , Sanki Aditya K. , Boucau Julie , Ronning Donald R. , Sucheck Steven J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods to Study GPI Anchoring of Proteins
Authors: Varma Yug , Hendrickson Tamara 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The β isotypes of tubulin in neuronal differentiation
Authors: Guo Jiayan , Walss‐Bass Consuelo , Ludueña Richard F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe differences among the vertebrate β isotypes of tubulin are highly conserved in evolution, suggesting that they have functional significance. To address this, we have used differentiating neuroblastoma cells as a model system. These cells express the βI, βII, and βIII isotypes. Although there is no difference prior to differentiation, a striking difference is seen after differentiation. Both βI and βIII occur in cell bodies and neurites, while βII occurs mostly in neurites. Knocking down βI causes a large decrease in cell viability while silencing βII and βIII does not. Knocking down βII causes a large decrease in neurite outgrowth without affecting viability. Knocking down βIII has little effect on neurite outgrowth and only decreases viability if cells are treated with glutamate and glycine, a combination known to generate free radicals and reactive oxygen species. It appears, therefore, that βI is required for cell viability, βII for neurite outgrowth and βIII for protection against free radicals and reactive oxygen species. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel immunoregulatory function for IL‐23: Inhibition of IL‐12‐dependent IFN‐γ production
Authors: Sieve Amy N. , Meeks Karen D. , Lee Suheung , Berg Rance E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMost studies investigating the function of IL‐23 have concluded that it promotes IL‐17‐secreting T cells. Although some reports have also characterized IL‐23 as having redundant pro‐inflammatory effects with IL‐12, we have instead found that IL‐23 antagonizes IL‐12‐induced secretion of IFN‐γ. When splenocytes or purified populations of T cells were cultured with IL‐23, IFN‐γ secretion in response to IL‐12 was dramatically reduced. The impact of IL‐23 was most prominent in CD8+ T cells, but was also observed in NK and CD4+ T cells. Mechanistically, the IL‐23 receptor was not required for this phenomenon, and IL‐23 inhibited signaling through the IL‐12 receptor by reducing IL‐12‐induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) phosphorylation. IL‐23 was also able to reduce IFN‐γ secretion by antagonizing endogenously produced IL‐12 from Listeria monocytogenes (LM)‐infected macrophages. In vivo, LM infection induced higher serum IFN‐γ levels and a greater percentage of IFN‐γ+CD8+ T cells in IL‐23p19‐deficient mice as compared with WT mice. This increase in IFN‐γ production coincided with increased LM clearance at days 2 and 3 post‐infection. Our data suggest that IL‐23 may be a key factor in determining the responsiveness of lymphocytes to IL‐12 and their subsequent secretion of IFN‐γ.
Macrophage polarization to a unique phenotype driven by B cells
Authors: Wong Siew‐Cheng , Puaux Anne‐Laure , Chittezhath Manesh , Shalova Irina , Kajiji Tasneem S. , Wang Xiaojie , Abastado Jean‐Pierre , Lam Kong‐Peng , Biswas Subhra K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRegulation of adaptive immunity by innate immune cells is widely accepted. Conversely, adaptive immune cells can also regulate cells of the innate immune system. Here, we report for the first time the essential role of B cells in regulating macrophage (Mϕ) phenotype. In vitro B cell/Mϕ co‐culture experiments together with experiments in transgenic mice models for B‐cell deficiency or overexpression showed B1 cells to polarize Mϕ to a distinct phenotype. This was characterized by downregulated TNF‐α, IL‐1β and CCL3, but upregulated IL‐10 upon LPS stimulation; constitutive expression of M2 Mϕ markers (e.g. Ym1, Fizz1) and overexpression of TRIF‐dependent cytokines (IFN‐β, CCL5). Mechanistically, this phenotype was linked to a defective NF‐κB activation, but a functional TRIF/STAT1 pathway. B1‐cell‐derived IL‐10 was found to be instrumental in the polarization of these Mϕ. Finally, in vivo relevance of B1‐cell‐induced Mϕ polarization was confirmed using the B16 melanoma tumor model where adoptive transfer of B1 cells induced an M2 polarization of tumor‐associated Mϕ. Collectively, our results define a new mechanism of Mϕ polarization wherein B1 cells play a key role in driving Mϕ to a unique, but M2‐biased phenotype. Future studies along these lines may lead to targeting of B1 cells to regulate Mϕ response in inflammation and cancer.
Revisiting the role of IL‐2 in autoimmunity
Authors: Dooms Hans , Abbas Abul K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIL‐2 was discovered as a T‐cell growth factor that promoted T‐cell‐dependent immune responses; however, more recent studies suggest that the essential role of IL‐2 is to maintain functional Treg and thus control immune responses. These results are leading to new ideas about the potential of IL‐2 as a therapeutic strategy in autoimmune diseases. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, a study further examines the role of IL‐2 in immune regulation and shows for the first time that IL‐2 complexes can ameliorate autoantibody‐mediated autoimmunity. This commentary examines the current findings in relation to what we already know about IL‐2 complexes.
Modulation of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex activity with real‐time neurofeedback
Authors: Hamilton J. Paul , Glover Gary H. , Hsu Jung‐Jiin , Johnson Rebecca F. , Gotlib Ian H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe advent of real‐time neurofeedback techniques has allowed us to begin to map the controllability of sensory and cognitive and, more recently, affective centers in the brain. The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC) is thought to be involved in generation of affective states and has been implicated in psychopathology. In this study, we examined whether individuals could use real‐time fMRI neurofeedback to modulate sACC activity. Following a localizer task used to identify an sACC region of interest, an experimental group of eight women participated in four scans: (1) a pretraining scan in which they were asked to decrease activity in the sACC without neurofeedback; (2) two training scans in which sACC neurofeedback was presented along with instructions to decrease sACC activity; and (3) a neurofeedback‐free post‐training scan. An additional nine women in a yoked feedback control group saw sACC activity from the participants in the experimental group. Activity in the sACC was significantly reduced during neurofeedback training in the experimental group, but not in the control group. This training effect in the experimental group, however, did not generalize to the neurofeedback‐free post‐training scan. A psychophysiological interaction analysis showed decreased correlation in the experimental group relative to the sham control group between activity in the sACC and the posterior cingulate cortex during neurofeedback training relative to neurofeedback‐free scans. The finding that individuals can down‐modulate the sACC shows that a primary emotion center in which functional abnormality has been strongly implicated in affective disorders can be controlled with the aid of neurofeedback. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lymphotoxin‐β receptor activation by lymphotoxin‐α1β2 and LIGHT promotes tumor growth in an NFκB‐dependent manner
Authors: Daller Barbara , Müsch Werner , Röhrl Johann , Tumanov Alexei V. , Nedospasov Sergei A. , Männel Daniela N. , Schneider‐Brachert Wulf , Hehlgans Thomas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) activation on mouse fibrosarcoma cells (BFS‐1) results in enhanced solid tumor growth paralleled by increased angiogenesis induced by the expression of pro‐angiogenic CXCL2. In our study, we demonstrate that both functional ligands of the LTβR, namely LTα1β2 and LIGHT, are involved in the activation of LTβR in solid fibrosarcomas. To identify whether the lymphocyte population is involved in the activation of LTβR in these fibrosarcoma tumors, we used conditional LTβ‐deficient mice that specifically lack LTβ expression either on T cells (T‐LTβ−/−) or on B cells (B‐LTβ−/−). Solid tumor growth was reduced in both mouse strains when compared to tumor growth in wild‐type mice, indicating the participation of both T and B host lymphocytes in the activation of LTβR in these tumors. Tumor growth was also reduced in LIGHT‐deficient mice, suggesting a contribution of this ligand to the activation of LTβR in BFS‐1 fibrosarcomas. LTβR signaling can involve IκBα and/or NFκB‐inducing kinase (NIK) for subsequent NFκB activation in different types of cells. Expression of a dominant negative form of IκBα or of a dominant negative mutant of NIK resulted in decreased activation of NFκB signaling and reduced expression of pro‐angiogenic CXCL2 in vitro. Moreover, expression of dominant negative form of NIK or an IκBα repressor in these fibrosarcoma cells resulted in reduced solid tumor growth in vivo, suggesting that both IκBα and NIK are involved in pro‐angiogenic signaling after LTβR activation. Our data support the idea that the ablation of LTβR signaling should be considered for cancer treatment.
Acrylonitrile induced apoptosis via oxidative stress in neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cell
Authors: Watcharasit Piyajit , Suntararuks Sumitra , Visitnonthachai Daranee , Thiantanawat Apinya , Satayavivad Jutamaad 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAcrylonitrile (ACN) is a chemical that is widely used in the production of plastics, acrylic fibers, synthetic rubbers and resins. It has been reported that ACN can cause oxidative stress, a condition which is well recognized as an apoptotic initiator; however, information regarding ACN‐induced apoptosis is limited. This present study investigated whether ACN induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells, and whether its apoptotic induction involves oxidative stress. The results showed that ACN caused activation of caspase‐3, a key enzyme involved in apoptosis, in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Detection of sub‐G1 apoptotic cell death and apoptotic nuclear condensation revealed that ACN caused an increase in the number of apoptotic cells indicating ACN induces apoptosis in SH‐SY5Y cells. ACN dose‐ and time‐dependently increased the level of proapoptotic protein, Bax. Pretreatment with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, attenuated caspase‐3 activation by ACN, as evidenced by a reduction in proteolysis of PARP, a known caspase‐3 substrate, as well as in the number of sub‐G1 apoptotic cells. Moreover, induction of Bax by ACN was abolished by NAC. Taken together, the results indicate that ACN induces apoptosis in SH‐SY5Y cells via a mechanism involving generation of oxidative stress‐mediated Bax induction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chrysoeriol isolated from Eurya cilliata leaves protects MC3T3‐E1 cells against hydrogen peroxide‐induced inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation
Authors: Kim Young Ho , Lee Young Soon , Choi Eun Mi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChrysoeriol is a flavonoid compound found in several tropical medicinal plants. To elucidate the protective effects of chrysoeriol isolated from Eurya cilliata on the response of osteoblasts to oxidative stress, osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells were incubated with chrysoeriol and/or H2O2, and markers of osteoblast function and oxidative damage were examined. Chrysoeriol treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the cytotoxic effect of H2O2 and increased collagen content, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition of osteoblasts in the presence of H2O2. These effects were blocked by ICI182780, suggesting that chrysoeriol's effect might be partly involved in estrogen action. Moreover, H2O2‐induced reduction of osteocalcin was recovered in the presence of chrysoeriol. Chrysoeriol significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the production of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand, interleukin‐6, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde of MC3T3‐E1 cells in the presence of H2O2. These results demonstrate that chrysoeriol isolated from E. cilliata can protect osteoblasts from oxidative stress‐induced toxicity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diffusion of interleukin‐2 from cells overlaid with cytocompatible enzyme‐crosslinked gelatin hydrogels
Authors: Yung Chong Wing , Bentley William E. , Barbari Timothy A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn designing an implantable cell encapsulation construct to continuously deliver therapeutic proteins to a patient, it is critical that the biomaterial be compatible with the encapsulated cells, as well as conducive to the diffusion of desired molecules. As a continuation of our previous work, which demonstrated the cytocompatibility of gelatin hydrogels enzymatically crosslinked by microbial transglutaminase (mTG‐gels), this work seeks to elucidate the diffusion properties that are needed for sustained release of therapeutic proteins produced by the engineered cells. HEK293 cells genetically engineered to secrete an anticancer drug, interleukin‐2 (hIL2), through 4% mTG‐gels used as a 1D diffusion model. Under steady‐state conditions, cells secrete hIL2 at a therapeutic rate of 5.0–5.7 ng/cm2/h/106 cells. The diffusion coefficient of hIL2 through the hydrogels is Dm = 4.0 × 10−7 cm2/s. This value is comparable with similarly sized proteins through hydrogels and is further verified by modeling nonsteady‐state diffusion through various thicknesses of the hydrogels, as well as by acellular diffusion chamber experiments. These findings demonstrate that the enzymatically crosslinked hydrogels are not only cytocompatible but also have suitable transport properties that will facilitate the design of sustained drug release devices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Tissue–response to calcium‐bonded titanium surface
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ayukawa Yasunori , LeGeros Racquel Z. , Matsuya Shigeki , Koyano Kiyoshi , Ishikawa Kunio 
Published: May 2010

AbstractOur previous study demonstrated that calcium‐bonded titanium surface (Ca‐Ti) can be obtained by hydrothermal reaction between titanium (Ti) and CaCl2 and that bone‐apatite like formation was observed after immersion in simulated body fluid. The purpose of the study was to determine the in vivo response to Ca‐Ti surface using a rodent tibia model. Cylinders of commercially pure Ti were divided into three groups: (1) untreated group; (2) NaOH+hTi group: soaked in 5 mol/L NaOH solution at 60°C then heated at 400°C for 1 h; and (3) Ca‐Ti group: hydrothermally treated in the presence of 10 mmol/L CaCl2 at 200°C for 24 h. The cylinders implanted in surgically created defects in tibias of 8‐week old male Wistar rats were retrieved after 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Histomorphometric evaluations were made on stained decalcified thin sections. Results showed that at 1, 2, and 4 week after implantation, respectively, bone contact was 55.2 ± 16.4%, 88.1 ± 9.9%, and 96.1 ± 4.8% for Ca‐Ti implants, 5.7 ± 5.3%, 19.9 ± 1.2%, 57.4 ± 4.8% for untreated; and 27.2 ± 0.7%, 70.9 ± 7.7%, and 96.0 ± 5.1% for NaOH+hTi implants. These results suggest that hydrothermal treatment with CaCl2 provides a bioactive Ca‐Ti bonded surface that allows bone formation greater than that obtained with NaOH+heat treated Ti surfaces. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Aligned poly(L‐lactic‐co‐e‐caprolactone) electrospun microfibers and knitted structure: A novel composite scaffold for ligament tissue engineering
Authors: Vaquette Cédryck , Kahn Cyril , Frochot Céline , Nouvel Cécile , Six Jean‐Luc , De Isla Natalia , Luo Li‐Hua , Cooper‐White Justin , Rahouadj Rachid , Wang Xiong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe developed a novel technique involving knitting and electrospinning to fabricate a composite scaffold for ligament tissue engineering. Knitted structures were coated with poly(L‐lactic‐co‐e‐caprolactone) (PLCL) and then placed onto a rotating cylinder and a PLCL solution was electrospun onto the structure. Highly aligned 2‐μm‐diameter microfibers covered the space between the stitches and adhered to the knitted scaffolds. The stress–strain tensile curves exhibited an initial toe region similar to the tensile behavior of ligaments. Composite scaffolds had an elastic modulus (150 ± 14 MPa) similar to the modulus of human ligaments. Biological evaluation showed that cells proliferated on the composite scaffolds and they spontaneously orientated along the direction of microfiber alignment. The microfiber architecture also induced a high level of extracellular matrix secretion, which was characterized by immunostaining. We found that cells produced collagen type I and type III, two main components found in ligaments. After 14 days of culture, collagen type III started to form a fibrous network. We fabricated a composite scaffold having the mechanical properties of the knitted structure and the morphological properties of the aligned microfibers. It is difficult to seed a highly macroporous structure with cells, however the technique we developed enabled an easy cell seeding due to presence of the microfiber layer. Therefore, these scaffolds presented attractive properties for a future use in bioreactors for ligament tissue engineering. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
In vivo kinetic degradation analysis and biocompatibility of aliphatic polyester polyurethanes
Authors: Knight Pamela T. , Kirk James T. , Anderson James M. , Mather Patrick T. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPolyester polyurethanes incorporating polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) as the crystalline hard block were evaluated for biocompatibility and degradation over 24 weeks in vivo. In vitro studies were also used to predict the onset of mass loss. The molecular weight of each sample was found to decrease quickly over an 8 week period and then became constant due to the nondegrading POSS hard block. Kinetic analysis of the initial molecular weight change indicated that the degradation rate was dependant on the soft block composition. Crystallinity, melting temperature, and heat of fusion of the polyurethanes were found to increase during degradation as the amorphous polyester soft segments were hydrolyzed. The histological analysis of each polymer demonstrated rapid resolution of the acute and chronic inflammatory responses and the development of expected, normal foreign body reaction, consisting of adherent macrophages and foreign body giant cells on the surface of the polymers, and fibrous capsule formation around the polymer. No acute and/or chronic inflammation was seen after 3 weeks, indicating that the polymers in film form and biodegraded form, that is, particles, were biocompatible and did not elicit inflammatory responses expected for toxic or nonbiocompatible materials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Effect of salivary esterase on the integrity and fracture toughness of the dentin‐resin interface
Authors: Shokati Babak , Tam Laura Eva , Santerre J. Paul , Finer Yoav 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHuman Salivary Derived Esterases (HSDE) are part of the salivary group of enzymes which show strong degradative activity toward the breakdown of one of the most common monomers used in dental composites and adhesives, 2,2‐[4(2‐hydroxy 3‐methacryloxypropoxy)‐phenyl] propane (Bis‐GMA), to form the degradation product 2,2‐bis [4 (2,3‐hydroxy‐propoxy)phenyl] propane (Bis‐HPPP). This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of HSDE on the biodegradation and fracture toughness of the adhesive resin‐dentin interface. Adhesive resin (Scotchbond Multi Purposes), resin composite (Z250) and mini short‐rod specimens, were either not incubated; or incubated in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) or HSDE media for up to 180 days (37°C, pH 7.0). The amount of Bis‐HPPP was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and mini‐SR specimens were tested for fracture toughness using universal testing machine following 30, 90, or 180‐day incubation periods. Significantly higher amounts of Bis‐HPPP were produced in HSDE than in PBS incubated specimens (p < 0.05). Non‐incubated mini‐SR specimens had the higher fracture‐toughness values, while specimens incubated for 180‐days in HSDE had the lowest fracture toughness (p < 0.05). This study suggests that biodegradation is an on‐going clinically relevant process that progressively compromises the integrity of the critical resin restoration‐adhesive interface, as well as the resin‐composite component with time. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.