bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behind order book dynamics: advances using the global approach
Authors: Ghoulmié François 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFollowing consistent agent‐based financial market modeling logics developed in Ghoulmié et al. [1], I study limit order book structures and dynamics over all the different time scales and trading speeds. For this mapping purpose, I built and analyze an original framework for the trading of a single asset in a limit order book. In this structured agent‐based approach, the dynamics of the book is dominated by two classes of strategic forces, informed and liquidity providers agents. This global model generically leads to an absence of autocorrelation in the returns, mean‐reverting stochastic volatility, excess volatility, volatility clustering, and endogenous bursts of market activity that is not attributable to external noise. The volatility clustering is the consequence of a positive feedback loop created between the volatility and the order placements in the book which follow a multi‐agent bayesian learning scheme. The model also demonstrates a robust alternative explanation for a realistic‐looking hump‐shape of the book emerging from the simulations. I then derive analytical exact results. I discuss the economic implications of the results obtained through this clinically methodic research and interdisciplinary pioneering approach. Copyright © 2009 Wilmott Magazine Ltd
Flaming logs
Authors: Denson Nick , Joshi Mark 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper extends the pathwise adjoint method for Greeks to the displaced‐diffusion LIBOR market model and also presents a simple way to improve the speed of the method. The speed improvements of approximately 20% are achieved without using any additional approximations to those of Giles‐Glasserman. Copyright © 2009 Wilmott Magazine Ltd
Endoscopic treatment for chronic pancreatitis: indications, technique, results
Authors: Hirota Morihisa , Asakura Tooru , Kanno Atsushi , Shimosegawa Tooru 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEndoscopic treatment associated with or without extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for chronic pancreatitis has been employed for about 20 years. Although two randomized control trials have revealed the greater effectiveness of surgery as compared to endoscopic treatment for chronic pancreatitis, a considerable number of patients have successfully obtained complete and long‐term relief from pain by the less invasive endoscopic treatment. In this review, we discuss the indications, techniques and results of endoscopic treatment and ESWL for painful chronic pancreatitis. We also discuss the characteristic clinical features that are predictive of a good response to endoscopic treatment and ESWL.
In Situ Generation of Two-Dimensional Au–Pt Core–Shell Nanoparticle Assemblies
Authors: Khalid Madiha , Wasio Natalie , Chase Thomas , Bandyopadhyay Krisanu 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Two-dimensional assemblies of Au–Pt bimetallic nanoparticles are generated in situ on polyethyleneimmine (PEI) silane functionalized silicon and indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass surfaces. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–Visible spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements reveal the formation of core–shell structure with Au as core and Pt as shell. The core–shell structure is further supported by comparing with the corresponding data of Au nanoparticle assemblies. Static contact angle measurements with water show an increase in hydrophilic character due to bimetallic nanoparticle generation on different surfaces. It is further observed that these Au–Pt core–shell bimetallic nanoparticle assemblies are catalytically active towards methanol electro-oxidation, which is the key reaction for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).
Template Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Cubic Ordered Mesoporous Carbon With Tunable Pore Sizes
Authors: Dai Weijie , Zheng Mingbo , Zhao Yu , Liao Shutian , Ji Guangbin , Cao Jieming 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Three-dimensional cubic ordered mesoporous carbons with tunable pore sizes have been synthesized by using cubic Ia3d mesoporous KIT-6 silica as the hard template and boric acid as the pore expanding agent. The prepared ordered mesoporous carbons were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. The results show that the pore sizes of the prepared ordered mesoporous carbons with three-dimensional cubic structure can be regulated in the range of 3.9–9.4 nm. A simplified model was proposed to analyze the tailored pore sizes of the prepared ordered mesoporous carbons on the basis of the structural parameters of the silica template.
Effects of lateral fluid percussion injury on cholinergic markers in the newborn piglet brain
Authors: Donat Cornelius K. , Walter Bernd , Kayser Tanja , Deuther‐Conrad Winnie , Schliebs Reinhard , Nieber Karen , Bauer Reinhard , Härtig Wolfgang , Brust Peter 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTraumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability in children. Studies using adult animal models showed alterations of the central cholinergic neurotransmission as a result of trauma. However, there is a lack of knowledge about consequences of brain trauma on cholinergic function in the immature brain. It is hypothesized that trauma affects the relative acetylcholine esterase activity and causes a loss of cholinergic neurons in the immature brain.Severe fluid percussion trauma (FP‐TBI, 3.8 ± 0.3 atm) was induced in 15 female newborn piglets, monitored for 6 h and compared with 12 control animals. The hemispheres ipsilateral to FP‐TBI obtained from seven piglets were used for acetylcholine esterase histochemistry on frozen sagittal slices, while regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen availability was determined in the remaining eight FP‐TBI animals. Post‐fixed slices were immunohistochemically labelled for choline acetyltransferase as well as for low‐affinity neurotrophin receptor in order to characterize cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain.Regional cerebral blood flow and brain oxygen availability were reduced during the first 2 h after FP‐TBI (P < 0.05). In addition, acetylcholine esterase activity was significantly increased in the neocortex, basal forebrain, hypothalamus and medulla after trauma (P < 0.05), whereas the number of choline acetyltransferase and low‐affinity neurotrophin receptor positive cells in the basal forebrain were unaffected by the injury.Thus, traumatic brain injury evoked an increased relative activity of the acetylcholine esterase in the immature brain early after injury, without loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. These changes may contribute to developmental impairments after immature traumatic brain injury.
A dose‐ranging study to determine the efficacy and safety of 1, 2, and 4 mg of dienogest daily for endometriosis
Authors: Köhler Günter , Faustmann Thomas A. , Gerlinger Christoph , Seitz Christian , Mueck Alfred O. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and safety of dienogest at doses of 1, 2, and 4 mg/day orally in the treatment of endometriosis.MethodsAn open‐label, randomized, multicenter, 24‐week comparative trial in women with histologically confirmed endometriosis. Efficacy was assessed by second‐look laparoscopy and patient‐reported symptoms. Statistical tests included χ2 and Wilcoxon signed rank tests.ResultsDienogest reduced mean revised American Fertility Society scores from 11.4 to 3.6 (n = 29; P < 0.001) in the 2‐mg group and from 9.7 to 3.9 (n = 35; P < 0.001) in the 4‐mg group. Dienogest at 2 and 4 mg/day was associated with symptom improvements in substantial proportions of women. Both dienogest doses were generally well tolerated, with low rates of treatment discontinuation due to adverse events. The 1‐mg dose arm was discontinued owing to insufficient bleeding control.ConclusionDienogest at 2 mg once a day is recommended as the optimal dose in future studies of endometriosis.
n-3 Fatty acids prevent whereas trans-fatty acids induce vascular inflammation and sudden cardiac death
Authors: Siddiqui Rafat A. , Harvey Kevin A. , Ruzmetov Nargiz , Miller Steven J. , Zaloga Gary P. 
Published: October 2009

n-3 PUFA have well-recognised cardio-beneficial effects. In contrast, premature coronary deaths are associated with consumption of high levels of trans-fatty acids (TFA). The present study determined the effects of n-3 PUFA and TFA on sudden cardiac death and vascular inflammation. A rat coronary ligation model was used to study the effect of fatty acids on sudden cardiac death, whereas a mouse femoral artery ligation model was used to study compensatory vascular remodelling. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were utilised for the in vitro studies to investigate expression of inflammatory molecules. Feeding animals an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet caused a sevenfold increase in plasma n-3 PUFA compared with that of the TFA-fed group, whereas a TFA-enriched diet caused a 2·5-fold increase in plasma TFA compared with the n-3 PUFA group. Animals on a TFA diet had a lower survival rate due to sudden cardiac death and exhibited variable degrees of aortic atherosclerotic lesions. Animals on a TFA diet had diminished hindlimb collateral growth, whereas animals on the n-3 PUFA diet exhibited extensive collateral growth about ligated regions. HAEC treated with TFA (trans-18 : 2) showed significantly increased expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and nitrosylation of cellular proteins than those treated with DHA (n-3 PUFA, 22 : 6). The in vivo study demonstrates that, in contrast to TFA, n-3 PUFA improve animal survival after myocardial infarction, prevent development of atherosclerotic lesions and stimulate compensatory vascular remodelling. The in vitro study demonstrates that TFA induce, while n-3 PUFA prevent, vascular inflammation.
Membrane fatty acid composition of rat skeletal muscle is most responsive to the balance of dietaryn-3 andn-6 PUFA
Authors: Abbott Sarah K. , Else Paul L. , Hulbert A. J. 
Published: October 2009

The present study quantifies the relationships between diet fatty acid profile and fatty acid composition of rat skeletal muscle phospholipids. Young adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed, for 8 weeks, on one of twelve moderate-fat diets (25 % of total energy) differing only in fatty acid profile. SFA content ranged from 8–88 % of total fatty acids, MUFA 6–65 %, total PUFA 4–81 %,n-6 PUFA 3–70 % andn-3 PUFA 1–70 %. Diet PUFA included only essential fatty acids 18 : 2n-6 and 18 : 3n-3. The balance betweenn-3 andn-6 PUFA (PUFA balance) in the diet ranged from 1 : 99 to 86 : 14 %n-3 PUFA:n-6 PUFA. The slope of muscle phospholipid composition plotted against diet composition quantifies the response of muscle membrane composition to dietary fat (0, no response; 1, complete conformity with diet). The resulting slopes were 0·02 (SFA), 0·10 (PUFA), 0·11 (MUFA), 0·14 (n-3 PUFA) and 0·23 (n-6 PUFA). The response to PUFA balance was biphasic with a slope of 0·98 below 10 % diet PUFA balance and 0·16 above 10 %. Thus, low diet PUFA balance has greater influence on muscle composition than 18-carbonn-3 orn-6 PUFA individually. Equations provided may allow prediction of muscle composition for other diet studies. Diet PUFA balance dramatically affects muscle 20 : 4n-6 and 22 : 6n-3. This may have significant implications for some disease states in human subjects.
The effect of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate on fasting capillary whole blood glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure and glucocorticoids in healthy overweight and obese subjects
Authors: Almoosawi Suzana , Fyfe Lorna , Ho Clement , Al-Dujaili Emad 
Published: October 2009

Numerous studies indicate that polyphenol-rich chocolate reduces fasting blood glucose, blood pressure (BP) and total cholesterol in healthy individuals and hypertensives with or without glucose intolerance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of two doses of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate (DC) on fasting capillary whole blood glucose, total cholesterol and BP and to examine whether improvements in these parameters are associated with changes in adrenocorticoid excretion in overweight and obese individuals. The study used a randomised, single-blind, cross-over design where fourteen overweight and obese subjects were randomised to either take 20 g DC with 500 mg polyphenols then 20 g DC with 1000 mg polyphenols or vice-versa. Participants followed each diet for 2 weeks separated by a 1-week washout period. It was observed that the 500 mg polyphenol dose was equally effective in reducing fasting blood glucose levels, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) as the 1000 mg polyphenol dose suggesting that a saturation effect might occur with increasing dose of polyphenols. There was also a trend towards a reduction in urinary free cortisone levels with both groups although it did not reach statistical significance. No changes in anthropometrical measurements were seen. We suggest that more research is required to investigate the mechanism(s) by which polyphenol-rich foods influence health.
Proper invariant turbulence modelling within one-point statistics
Authors: FREWER MICHAEL 
Published: October 2009

A new turbulence modelling approach is presented. Geometrically reformulating the averaged Navier–Stokes equations on a four-dimensional non-Riemannian manifold without changing the physical content of the theory, additional modelling restrictions which are absent in the usual Euclidean (3+1)-dimensional framework naturally emerge. The modelled equations show full form invariance for all Newtonian reference frames in that all involved quantities transform as true 4-tensors. Frame accelerations or inertial forces of any kind are universally described by the underlying four-dimensional geometry.By constructing a nonlinear eddy viscosity model within the k−ϵ family for high turbulent Reynolds numbers the new invariant modelling approach demonstrates the essential advantages over current (3+1)-dimensional modelling techniques. In particular, new invariants are gained, which allow for a universal and consistent treatment of non-stationary effects within a turbulent flow. Furthermore, by consistently introducing via a Lie-group symmetry analysis a new internal modelling variable, the mean form-invariant pressure Hessian, it will be shown that already a quadratic nonlinearity is sufficient to capture secondary flow effects, for which in current nonlinear eddy viscosity models a higher nonlinearity is needed. In all, this paper develops a new unified formalism which will naturally guide the way in physical modelling whenever reasonings are based on the general concept of invariance.
Spectral sequences in Conley’s theory
Authors: CORNEA O. , DE REZENDE K. A. , DA SILVEIRA M. R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse the dynamics encoded in the spectral sequence (Er,dr) associated with certain Conley theory connection maps in the presence of an ‘action’ type filtration. More specifically, we present an algorithm for finding a chain complex C and its differential; the method uses a connection matrix Δ to provide a system that spans Er in terms of the original basis of C and to identify all of the differentials drp:Erp→Erp−r. In exploring the dynamical implications of a non-zero differential, we prove the existence of a path that joins the singularities generating E0p and E0p−r in the case where a direct connection by a flow line does not exist. This path is made up of juxtaposed orbits of the flow and of the reverse flow, and proves to be important in some applications.
The eigenvectors of semigroups of positive maps on von Neumann algebras
Authors: ŁUCZAK ANDRZEJ 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe eigenvectors of an ergodic semigroup of linear normal positive unital maps on a von Neumann algebra are described. Moreover, it is shown by means of examples that mere positivity of the maps in question is not sufficient for Frobenius theory as in Albeverio and Høegh-Krohn [Frobenius theory of positive maps of von Neumann algebras. Comm. Math. Phys.64 (1978), 83–94] to hold.
On the existence of ergodic automorphisms in ergodic ℤd-actions on compact groups
Authors: RAJA C. R. E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLet K be a compact metrizable group and Γ be a finitely generated group of commuting automorphisms of K. We show that ergodicity of Γ implies Γ contains ergodic automorphisms if center of the action, Z(Γ)={α∈Aut(K)∣α commutes with elements of Γ} has descending chain condition. To explain that the condition on the center of the action is not restrictive, we discuss certain abelian groups which, in particular, provide new proofs to the theorems of Berend [Ergodic semigroups of epimorphisms. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.289(1) (1985), 393–407] and Schmidt [Automorphisms of compact abelian groups and affine varieties. Proc. London Math. Soc. (3) 61 (1990), 480–496].
Finitely represented closed-orbit subdynamics for commuting automorphisms
Authors: MILES RICHARD 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to exhibit highly structured subdynamics for a class of non-expansive algebraic ℤd-actions based on the closed orbits of elements of an action. This is done using dynamical Dirichlet series to encode orbit counts. It is shown that there is a distinguished group homomorphism from ℤd onto a finite abelian group that controls the form of the Dirichlet series of elements of an action and that these series have common analytic properties. Corresponding orbit growth asymptotics are subsequently investigated.
Non-abelian free group actions: Markov processes, the Abramov–Rohlin formula and Yuzvinskii’s formula
Authors: BOWEN LEWIS 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper introduces Markov chains and processes over non-abelian free groups and semigroups. We prove a formula for the f-invariant of a Markov chain over a free group in terms of transition matrices that parallels the classical formula for the entropy a Markov chain. Applications include free group analogues of the Abramov–Rohlin formula for skew-product actions and Yuzvinskii’s addition formula for algebraic actions.
The Parliamentary Diaries of Sir John Trelawny, 1868–73
Authors: Jenkins T. A. 
Published: October 2009

Preface 332Editorial Note 333Introduction 334Parliamentary Diaries of Sir John Trelawny 344Session of 1868–9 344Session of 1870 373Session of 1871 416Session of 1872 444Session of 1873 477Appendix 502Index 505
De iniusta vexacione Willelmi episcopi primi per Willelmum regem filium Willelmi magni regis
Authors: Offler H. S. , Piper A.J. , Doyle A. I. 
Published: October 2009

Preface 53Abbreviations 55Introduction 58Structure and Contents 58Sources, date and purpose 60Title 65Authorship 66Manuscripts and editions 68Editorial Note 72De iniusta vexacione 73Index 103
III. Miscellaneous Documents
Authors: Austen Judith 
Published: October 2009

1712An accountt of whatt I laid outt on the sickness, death, and buriall of my deer husband, Percy Frek, Esqr; taken outt of the severall bills in my uper closett and paid by me, Elizabeth Frek, his unhappy wife, within the year of 1707Butt now comes the dismalls and fattasst day of my life, for on the second of June, Sunday, aboutt three a clock (the very day and howre my son was borne, hee being then thirty two years of age), my deer husband, Percy Frek, Esqr, to compleatt all the miseryes of my life, affter seven monthes torture of a dropsey and an astma, in which time I think I never wentt seven nights into a bed butt I were one of the three thatt watched with him nightt and day for fear of him.
The challenges of quantitative evaluation of a multi-setting, multi-strategy community-based childhood obesity prevention programme: lessons learnt from the eat well be active Community Programs in South Australia
Authors: Wilson Annabelle M , Magarey Anthea M , Dollman James , Jones Michelle , Mastersson Nadia 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the rationale, development and implementation of the quantitative component of evaluation of a multi-setting, multi-strategy, community-based childhood obesity prevention project (the eat well be active (ewba) Community Programs) and the challenges associated with this process and some potential solutions.Designewba has a quasi-experimental design with intervention and comparison communities. Baseline data were collected in 2006 and post-intervention measures will be taken from a non-matched cohort in 2009. Schoolchildren aged 10–12 years were chosen as one litmus group for evaluation purposes.SettingThirty-nine primary schools in two metropolitan and two rural communities in South Australia.SubjectsA total of 1732 10–12-year-old school students completed a nutrition and/or a physical activity questionnaire and 1637 had anthropometric measures taken; 983 parents, 286 teachers, thirty-six principals, twenty-six canteen and thirteen out-of-school-hours care (OSHC) workers completed Program-specific questionnaires developed for each of these target groups.ResultsThe overall child response rate for the study was 49 %. Sixty-five per cent, 43 %, 90 %, 90 % and 68 % of parent, teachers, principals, canteen and OSHC workers respectively, completed and returned questionnaires. A number of practical, logistical and methodological challenges were experienced when undertaking this data collection.ConclusionsLearnings from the process of quantitative baseline data collection for the ewba Community Programs can provide insights for other researchers planning similar studies with similar methods, particularly those evaluating multi-strategy programmes across multiple settings.
To work or to work out: a moral-hazard interpretation of labor supply, retirement, and investments in longevity
Authors: HUPFELD STEFAN 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn a moral-hazard model with multiple tasks, an agent engages in different activities, labelled work, delayed retirement, and work out (investments in longevity). The latter imposes higher effort costs on weekly labor supply, but increases possibilities for life time labor supply. Work out does not affect aggregate output and does therefore not accrue to the benefit of the principal. Second-best incentives for work out areU-shaped in the agent's ability, and so is the effort level supplied by the agent. These theoretical findings are supported by recent empirical evidence on longevity, which is not always monotonically increasing in ability.
IdentityversusIdentity: Israel and Evangelicals and the Two-Front War for Jewish Votes
Authors: Uslaner Eric M. , Lichbach Mark 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRepublicans made major efforts to win a larger share of the Jewish vote in 2004 by emphasizing their strong support for Israel. They partially succeeded, but did not make a dent in the overall loyalty of American Jews to the Democratic party, since they lost approximately as many votes because of Jews' negative reactions to the party's evangelical base. We argue that both Israel and worries over evangelical influence in the country reflect concerns about Jewish identity, above and beyond disagreements on specific social issues. We compare American Jewish voting behavior and liberalism to the voting behavior of non-Jews in 2004 using a survey of Jews from the National Jewish Democratic Coalition and the American National Election Study. For non-Jews, attitudes toward evangelicals are closely linked to social issues, but for Jews this correlation is small. The Jewish reaction to evangelicals is more of an issue of identity and the close ties of evangelicals to the Republican Party keep many Jews Democratic. Attitudes toward evangelicals are far more important for Jewish voting behavior than for non-Jewish voters.