bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonuniqueness of Generalised Weak Solutions to the Primitive and Prandtl Equations
Authors: Boutros Daniel W. , Markfelder Simon , Titi Edriss S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe develop a convex integration scheme for constructing nonunique weak solutions to the hydrostatic Euler equations (also known as the inviscid primitive equations of oceanic and atmospheric dynamics) in both two and three dimensions. We also develop such a scheme for the construction of nonunique weak solutions to the three-dimensional viscous primitive equations, as well as the two-dimensional Prandtl equations. While in Boutros et al. (Calc Var Partial Differ Equ 62(8):219, 2023) the classical notion of weak solution to the hydrostatic Euler equations was generalised, we introduce here a further generalisation. For such generalised weak solutions, we show the existence and nonuniqueness for a large class of initial data. Moreover, we construct infinitely many examples of generalised weak solutions which do not conserve energy. The barotropic and baroclinic modes of solutions to the hydrostatic Euler equations (which are the average and the fluctuation of the horizontal velocity in thez-coordinate, respectively) that are constructed have different regularities.
The influence of crosswinds and leg positions on cycling aerodynamics
Authors: Mao Jiaqi , Zhou Peng , Liu Guangsheng , Zhong Siyang , Huang Xun , Zhang Xin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work investigated the influence of crosswinds and leg positions on the aerodynamics of an articulated cycling mannequin on a track bicycle. Force, wake total pressure and wake velocity measurements were made in a low-speed sports wind tunnel of closed-circuit type. The freestream velocity and wheel speeds were kept at $$15\, \hbox {m/s}$$

15

m/s

. The crank angle of the mannequin was varied across a pedal cycle. Yaw angles from $$0^{\circ }$$

0
∘

to $$20^{\circ }$$

20
∘

were examined. The experimental results reveal that the leg position significantly affects the aerodynamic performance of a cyclist. At high yaw angles, the aerodynamic drag on the cyclist showed noticeable deviations between most leg positions and their $$180^{\circ }$$

180
∘

-apart pairs. A wake analysis technique effectively captured the influence of leg positions on drag. The total pressure deficit contributes dominantly to the overall drag. The wake pressure contours demonstrate how leg-wheel interaction affects the total pressure distribution and drag under crosswinds. This study offers valuable insights into the flow behavior and drag generation around a cyclist with varying leg positions under crosswinds.
Experience in endoscope choice for neuroendoscopic lavage for intraventricular hemorrhage of prematurity: a systematic review
Authors: Wassef Catherine E. , Thomale Ulrich W. , LoPresti Melissa A. , DeCuypere Michael G. , Raskin Jeffrey S. , Mukherjee Shreya , Aquilina Kristian , Lam Sandi K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) of prematurity occurs in 20–38% of infants born < 28 weeks gestational age and 15% of infants born in 28–32 weeks gestational age. Treatment has evolved from conservative management and CSF diversion of temporizing and shunting procedures to include strategies aimed at primarily clearing intraventricular blood products. Neuroendoscopic lavage (NEL) aims to decrease the intraventricular blood burden under the same anesthetic as temporizing CSF diversion measures in cases of hydrocephalus from IVH of prematurity. Given the variety of neuroendoscopes, we sought to review the literature and practical considerations to help guide neuroendoscope selection when planning NEL.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of the literature on neuroendoscopic lavage in IVH of prematurity to examine data on the choice of neuroendoscope and outcomes regarding shunt rate. We then collected manufacturer data on neuroendoscopic devices, including inflow and outflow mechanisms, working channel specifications, and tools compatible with the working channel. We paired this information with the advantages and disadvantages reported in the literature and observations from the experiences of pediatric neurosurgeons from several institutions to provide a pragmatic evaluation of international clinical experience with each neuroendoscope in NEL.

Results
Eight studies were identified; four neuroendoscopes have been used for NEL as reported in the literature. These include the Karl Storz Flexible Neuroendoscope, LOTTA® system, GAAB system, and Aesculap MINOP® system. The LOTTA® and MINOP® systems were similar in setup and instrument options. Positive neuroendoscope features for NEL include increased degrees of visualization, better visualization with the evolution of light and camera sources, the ability to sterilize with autoclave processes, balanced inflow and outflow mechanisms via separate channels, and a working channel. Neuroendoscope disadvantages for NEL may include special sterilization requirements, large outer diameter, and limitations in working channels.

Conclusions
A neuroendoscope integrating continuous irrigation, characterized by measured inflow and outflow via separate channels and multiple associated instruments, appears to be the most commonly used technology in the literature. As neuroendoscopes evolve, maximizing clear visualization, adequate inflow, measured outflow, and large enough working channels for paired instrumentation while minimizing the footprint of the outer diameter will be most advantageous when applied for NEL in premature infants.
Clinical characteristics and hearing loss etiology of cochlear implantees undergoing surgery in their teens, 20s, and 30s
Authors: Choe Goun , Lim Jong Woo , Chun Ye Jun , Han Jin Hee , Kim Bong Jik , Choi Byung Yoon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the etiology of hearing loss, including genetic variants, in individuals who underwent cochlear implantation (CI) in their teens to thirties. It also sought to analyze post-CI speech performance and identify prognostic factors affecting CI outcomes in this age group.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of 421 cochlear implant patients at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, focusing on 63 subjects aged 10–39 years who underwent their first CI by a single surgeon between July 2018 and June 2022. The study included audiologic evaluation, molecular genetic testing, and analysis of speech performance post-CI. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25 and GraphPad Prism 7.

Results
Among 63 participants (M:F, 24:39), nine underwent CI in their teens, 24 in their 20 s, and 30 in their 30 s. Most of them (40, 63.5%) had postlingual deafness. The study found that 65.2% (40/63) of subjects received a genetic diagnosis, with DFNB4 being the most common etiology (37.5%, 15/40). Post-CI speech evaluation showed an average sentence score of 80% across all subjects. Factors such as the onset of hearing loss, duration of deafness (DoD), and preoperative Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) significantly influenced CI outcomes. Notably, longer DoD was associated with poorer CI outcomes, but this did not affect individuals with postlingual hearing loss as much.

Conclusion
The study concludes that in individuals aged 10–39 undergoing CI, the onset of hearing loss and preoperative SIR are critical predictors of postoperative outcomes. CI is recommended for those with postlingual hearing loss in this age group, irrespective of the DoD. The study highlights the importance of genetic factors especially DFNB4 in hearing loss etiology and underscores the value of the relatively easy-to-evaluate factor, preoperative SIR in predicting CI outcomes.
Effect of elevated temperature and hydrocortisone addition on the proliferation of fibroblasts
Authors: Pavlikova Zuzana , Zahradnicek Oldrich , Jelinek Michaelidesova Anna , Sramek Jaromir , Davidkova Marie , Hovorakova Maria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHyperthermia along with hydrocortisone (HC) are proven teratogens that can negatively influence embryo development during early pregnancy. Proliferation of cells is one of the main developmental processes during the early embryogenesis. This study was focused on testing the effect of elevated temperature and HC addition on proliferation of cells in in vitro cultures. The V79-4 cell line was treated with HC and cultured in vitro at 37 °C or 39 °C, respectively. To reveal the effect of both factors, the proliferation of cells cultured under different conditions was evaluated using various approaches (colony formation assay, generation of growth curves, computation of doubling times, and mitotic index estimation). Our results indicate that a short-term exposure to elevated temperature slightly stimulates and a long-term exposure suppresses cell proliferation. However, HC (0.1 mg/ml) acts as a stimulator of cell proliferation. Interestingly, the interaction of HC and long-term elevated temperature (39 °C) exposure results in at least partial compensation of the negative impact of elevated temperature by HC addition and in higher proliferation if compared with cells cultured at 39 °C without addition of HC.
Outpatient Surgery and Unplanned Overnight Admission in Bilateral Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Population-based Study
Authors: Hidalgo Nils Jimmy , Guillaumes Salvador , Llompart-Coll M. Magdalena , González-Atienza Paula , Bachero Irene , Momblán Dulce , Vidal Óscar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The use of outpatient surgery in inguinal hernia is heterogeneous despite clinical recommendations. This study aimed to analyze the utilization trend of outpatient surgery for bilateral inguinal hernia repair (BHIR) in Spain and identify the factors associated with outpatient surgery choice and unplanned overnight admission.

Methods
A retrospective observational study of patients undergoing BIHR from 2016 to 2021 was conducted. The clinical-administrative database of the Spanish Ministry of Health RAE-CMBD was used. Patient characteristics undergoing outpatient and inpatient surgery were compared. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with outpatient surgery choice and unplanned overnight admission.

Results
A total of 30,940 RHIBs were performed; 63% were inpatient surgery, and 37% were outpatient surgery. The rate of outpatient surgery increased from 30% in 2016 to 41% in 2021 (p < 0.001). Higher rates of outpatient surgery were observed across hospitals with a higher number of cases per year (p < 0.001). Factors associated with outpatient surgery choice were: age under 65 years (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.92–2.11), hospital volume (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.47–1.72), primary hernia (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.71–2.08), and laparoscopic surgery (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.39–1.56). Comorbidities were negatively associated with outpatient surgery. Open surgery was associated (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09–1.47) with unplanned overnight admission.

Conclusions
Outpatient surgery for BHIR has increased in recent years but is still low. Older age and comorbidities were associated with lower rates of outpatient surgery. However, the laparoscopic repair was associated with increased outpatient surgery and lower unplanned overnight admission.
Variability of joint hypermobility in children: a meta-analytic approach to set cut-off scores
Authors: Williams Cylie M. , Welch James J. , Scheper Mark , Tofts Louise , Pacey Verity 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCurrent international consensus of the appropriate Beighton score cut-off to define if a child has generalised joint hypermobile or not is based upon expert opinion. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of Beighton scores of children worldwide to provide a recommendation for establishing the Beighton score cut-off to identify generalised joint hypermobility in children. We used AMED, OVID Medline, Embase and CINAHL to find published articles from inception to April 2024 describing Beighton scores of children up to and including 18 years from the general population. We extracted study demographics including country of publication, total number of participants, summary data about the age and sex of participant, Beighton scores and any cut-off used where authors deemed children hypermobile and how many children were rated at the corresponding Beighton scores. There were 37 articles reporting on the prevalence or incidence of hypermobility at cut-off scores from 28,868 participants. Using the cut-off of ≥ 6 resulted in a prevalence of 6% for studies reporting male data and 13% for studies reporting female data. Limited data reporting availability precluded further sub-analysis at a Beighton score of ≥ 7, age, pubertal status and ethnicity. Conclusion: The working threshold for identifying generalised joint hypermobility in children should be a Beighton score of 6 or more. Our analysis also suggests a Beighton score of 7 or greater may be appropriate in childhood, particularly for females.

What is Known:• The working threshold for identifying generalised joint hypermobility in children previously was set based on expert opinion.

What is New:• The threshold to identify hypermobility in children should be at a minimum of ≥ 6 on the Beighton score.
Treatment of endometrial cancer from 2000 to 2020 in Germany: a retrospective population based cohort study
Authors: Papathemelis Thomas , Ortmann Olaf , Kohl Cynthia , Neuser Petra , Tol Kees Kleihues-van , Klinkhammer-Schalke Monika , Ugocsai Peter , Walter Christina Barbara , Rottmann Miriam , Real Catherine , Justenhoven Christina , Robers Gabriele , Schneider Constanze , Gerken Michael , Sackmann Andrea , Kim-Wanner Soo-Zin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignancies among women in western countries. This study aimed to assess data on patient treatment in Germany throughout two decades to evaluate the development and effect of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

Methods
This retrospective registry study included 34,349 EC patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2020. Patients were classified into five risk groups. Overall survival was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier method as well as univariable and multivariable Cox regression to evaluate risk factors and treatment options.

Results
Over the study period, minimal invasive surgery was used more often compared to open surgery and was associated with better overall survival. Patients with advanced EC were more likely to receive multimodal therapy.
Patients with intermediate risk EC had a good prognosis upon surgery, which further improved when radiotherapy was added. High-risk patients showed poorer prognosis but clearly benefited from additional radiotherapy. Survival of elderly high-risk patients with a non-endometrioid histology was improved when chemotherapy was added to surgery and radiotherapy.

Conclusion
Our study includes a large analysis of data from German clinical cancer registries on the care of endometrial cancer during two decades. We observed an increase of minimal invasive surgery. There is evidence that minimal invasive surgery is not inferior to open surgery. Adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy further improves survival depending on risk group and age.
Identification of symptom clusters and sentinel symptoms during the first cycle of chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Luo Yuanyuan , Mao Dongmei , Zhang Le , Yang Zhihui , Miao Jingxia , Zhang Lili 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To identify symptom clusters (SCs) in patients with lung cancer who are undergoing initial chemotherapy and to identify the sentinel symptoms of each SC.

Methods
A convenience sampling method was used to recruit patients with lung cancer who were undergoing their initial chemotherapy treatment. Patient information was collected using the General Demographic Questionnaire, MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (including the lung cancer module) and a schedule documenting the initial occurrence of symptoms. The Walktrap algorithm was employed to identify SCs, while sentinel symptoms within each SC were identified using the Apriori algorithm in conjunction with the initial occurrence time of symptoms.

Results
A total of 169 patients with lung cancer participated in this study, and four SCs were identified: the psychological SC (difficulty remembering, sadness, dry mouth, numbness or tingling, and distress), somatic SC (pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and drowsiness), respiratory SC (coughing, expectoration, chest tightness, and shortness of breath), and digestive SC (nausea, poor appetite, constipation, vomiting, and weight loss). Sadness, fatigue, and coughing were identified as sentinel symptoms of the psychological, somatic, and respiratory SCs, respectively. However, no sentinel symptom was identified for the digestive SC.

Conclusion
Patients with lung cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy encounter a spectrum of symptoms, often presenting as SCs. The sentinel symptom of each SC emerges earlier than the other symptoms and is characterized by its sensitivity, significance, and driving force. It serves as a vital indicator of the SC and assumes a sentry role. Targeting sentinel symptoms might be a promising strategy for determining the optimal timing of interventions and for mitigating or decelerating the progression of the other symptoms within the SC.
Changes in vessel density patterns assessed with OCTA in patients with diabetic macular edema treated with anti-VEGF therapy
Authors: Santamaría Juan , Cobos Estefanía , Biarnes Marc , Caminal Josep María , Rodriguez-Leor Ramon , Morwani Rahul , García-Mendieta Manel , Lorenzo Daniel , García-Bru Pere , Arias Luis 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aims
To determine the presence of sectoral changes in vessel density (VD) patterns induced by vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti-VEGF) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods
Prospective, interventional study. A total of 43 patients (63 eyes) were initially enrolled in the study. We performed swept source (SS) OCT and sectorial OCTA measurement to determine parafoveal VD at baseline and after six months of anti-VEGF treatment. In the locations with statistically significant differences in VD between baseline and month 6, we performed univariate and multivariate analyses to determine which, if any, of the baseline variables were associated with the observed changes.

Results
A total of 34 patients (48 eyes) were included in the final analysis. Mean VD decreased from baseline to month 6 (from 45.2 (± 3.5) to 44.6 (± 3.2) % in the SCP and from 50 (± 3.3) to 49 (± 3.9) % in the DCP). The only significant changes in VD were observed in the nasal sector of the deep capillary plexus, with a decrease of 2.9% (p = 0.001). On univariate and multivariate analyses, the only variable significantly associated with changes in VD in the nasal sector after 6 months of treatment was baseline VD in the same sector.

Conclusions
Anti-VEGF therapy has a small impact on VD values over time. These variations observed after treatment seems to be related to changes over areas of vascular anomalies and displaced vessels adjacent to cystic areas, with no significant changes over ischemic areas. No correlation was observed between this trend and other clinical baseline features.
Cultivating empathy through narratives in virtual reality: a review
Authors: Hadjipanayi Christos , Christofi Maria , Banakou Domna , Michael-Grigoriou Despina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in the potential of virtual reality (VR) as a powerful tool for storytelling and as a means of promoting empathy. This systematic review examines 20 research papers that were deemed relevant based on inclusion and exclusion criteria from a database of a total of 661 papers to investigate the use of VR for empathy-building through immersive storytelling. Thematic analysis of the interventions revealed that most of the narratives focused on the experiences of victims of abuse, social minorities, and individuals affected by medical conditions or political ramifications. These fall under three types of digital narratives identified as (a) personal, (b) historical, and (c) educational. Changes in empathy are identified either through comparisons with non-VR narratives or pre- and post-interventions. Interaction techniques, VR affordances, and methods to measure empathy are further identified. The review concludes that while VR shows promise as a tool for promoting empathy, more research is needed to fully understand its potential and limitations.
The perception of the scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery and differentiation from similar specialities among dental students, medical students, trainee interns and pre-vocational junior doctors
Authors: Mane Robert , Sharpe-Davidson William Fox , De Silva Harsha , Choi Joanne Jung Eun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To explore the ability of Dental Students (DS), Medical Students (MS), Trainee Interns (TI) and Pre-vocational Junior Doctors (JD) in identifying procedures performed by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS), the scope of practice (SOP) of OMS and ability to differentiate OMS from similar specialities.

Methods
The study included 282 complete responses to a survey consisting of: 9 demographic questions, 11 OMS awareness, professional ambition, teaching and exposure, confidence in identifying and referring questions and 70 procedural/scenario questions across four domains. Collected data was qualitatively and statistically analysed using SPSS V29.

Results
OMS awareness was limited. 92.2% reported None to Small amount of OMS teaching and exposure during university, with 66.0% preferring to have had a Fair to Significant amount. DS experienced more than medical respondents (2.1 vs. 1.5, p < 0.001). Most respondents reported No to Low confidence in identifying the SOP and procedures performed by OMS (67.7%) and referring to OMS (62.4%) compared to similar specialities (32.4% and 33.2%, respectively). 52.9% of procedures performed by OMS were correctly identified as being performed by OMS. The ability to identify the OMS SOP (8.7%) and differentiate OMS from similar specialities (5.0%) was low, however better among DS than medical respondents (14.9% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.002 and 12.2% vs. 2.2%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The study has highlighted a deficit in the understanding of OMS with potential implications in the public and private healthcare sector. Identification of procedures, OMS SOP and ability to differentiate OMS from similar specialities is limited however slightly better among DS.
A verified low-level implementation and visualization of the adaptive exterior light and speed control system
Authors: Krings Sebastian , Körner Philipp , Dunkelau Jannik , Rutenkolk Kristin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this article, we present an approach to the ABZ 2020 case study that differs from those usually presented at ABZ: Rather than using a (correct-by-construction) approach following a formal method, we use C for a low-level implementation instead. We strictly adhere to test-driven development for validation, and only afterwards apply model checking using CBMC for verification. While the approach has several benefits compared to the more rigorous approaches, it also provides less mathematical clarity and overall less thorough verification. In consequence, our realization of the ABZ case study serves as a baseline reference for comparison, allowing to assess the benefit provided by the various formal modeling languages, methods and tools.