bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability evaluation of tramadol enantiomers using a chiral stability‐indicating capillary electrophoresis method and its application to pharmaceutical analysis
Authors: Mohammadi Ali , Nojavan Saeed , Rouini Mohammadreza , Fakhari Ali Reza 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this study, a chiral stability‐indicating CE assay was developed for the stability evaluation of tramadol (TR) enantiomers in commercial tablets using maltodextrin as chiral selector. To investigate the stability‐indicating power of the analytical method as well as stability evaluation of TR enantiomers, active pharmaceutical ingredient and TR tablets were subjected to photolysis, heat, oxidation and hydrolysis to conduct stress testing. Best separation for the TR enantiomers was achieved on an uncoated fused‐silica capillary at 20°C using borate buffer (50 mM, pH 10.2) containing 10% m/v maltodextrin. All determinations were performed by a UV detector at 214 nm. A constant voltage of 20 kV was applied to obtain the separation. The range of quantitation for both enantiomers was 5–100 μg/mL (R>0.996). Intra‐ and inter‐day RSD (n=6) were less than 10%. The percent relevant errors were obtained to be less than 4.0 for both enantiomers. The limits of quantitation and detection for both enantiomers were 5 and 1.5 μg/mL, respectively. Degradation products resulting from the stress studies were the same for both enantiomers and did not interfere with the detection of the enantiomers.
Modeling of retention behaviors of most frequent components of essential oils in polar and non‐polar stationary phases
Authors: Jalali‐Heravi Mehdi , Ebrahimi‐Najafabadi Heshmatollah 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe gas chromatography retention indices of 100 different components of essential oils, on three columns with stationary phases of different polarities, were used to develop robust quantitative structure–retention relationship (QSRR) models. Two linear models with only one variable, i.e. solvation entropy, were developed, which explain 95 and 94% of variances of the test set for dimethyl silicone and dimethyl silicone with 5% phenyl group columns, respectively. These models are extremely simple and easy to interpret, but they show higher errors compared with more robust models such as partial least square (PLS) and ridge regressions. For the third column (polyethylene glycol (PEG)), 24 hydrogen bonding descriptors were calculated and were used for modeling. Kernel orthogonal projection to latent structure (KOPLS), as a non‐linear technique, was applied for the modeling of the retention indices of the compounds on the PEG column. R2 values for the test set established by Monte Carlo cross‐validation and SPXY (sample set partitioning based on joint x–y distances) test set of the KOPLS were 0.92 and 0.94, respectively. y‐Randomization indicated that chance plays no role in constructing the KOPLS model.
Improved chromatographic performances of glycidyl methacrylate anion‐exchange monolith for fast nano‐ion exchange chromatography
Authors: Bruchet Anthony , Dugas Vincent , Mariet Clarisse , Goutelard Florence , Randon Jérôme 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAn efficient and reproducible photopolymerized poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) was synthesized in Teflon‐coated fused‐silica capillaries (100 μm id) and functionalized by reaction of triethylamine with reactive epoxy groups. We report here the successful transfer of a standard polymerization mixture optimized for the thermally initiated synthesis of glycidyl‐based monolith to photo‐induced polymerization. The monolith obtained after optimization of the photo‐initiation conditions was characterized in reverse‐phase chromatography evaluating its suitability in terms of efficiency, retention and hydrodynamic permeability. Reproducibility of the photo‐induced procedure was satisfactory with RSD below 6% for retention and efficiency and slightly higher for hydrodynamic permeability (12%). The functionalized generic support was then used in nano‐ion‐exchange chromatography. Efficiencies up to 75 000 plates/m, ion‐exchange capacity of 8 nano‐equivalents/cm of monolithic column, with a combination of a satisfactory hydrodynamic permeability allowed to perform fast separations of five inorganic anions in <3 min maintaining baseline resolution. The efficiency of the monolith was not retention‐dependent, demonstrating its wide range of possible applications for highly retained anions.
Identifying patterns of symptom change during a randomized controlled trial of cognitive processing therapy for military‐related posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Macdonald Alexandra , Monson Candice M. , Doron‐Lamarca Susan , Resick Patricia A. , Palfai Tibor P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCognitive processing therapy (CPT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to reduce symptoms of PTSD in a veteran population. This study explored patterns of self‐reported symptom change during CPT. Veterans (N = 60) with PTSD were randomized to receive CPT immediately or after 10 weeks. We hypothesized that those treated immediately would evidence initial symptom stability followed by decline compared with those who waited, whose PTSD symptoms would remain stable. The best model fit based on deviance statistics and Bayesian information criteria comparisons was one in which participants treated immediately showed more rapid initial decline followed by a slower rate of PTSD symptom improvement relative to those who waited, who showed a stable level of symptomatology. Findings suggest that CPT produces quick and maintained improvements in veterans. The effect sizes for change between those who received CPT immediately and those who waited were approximately medium sized. Implications of findings are discussed.
Treatment outcome in the residually positive neck after definitive chemotherapy and irradiation
Authors: Dooley Laura M. , Potts Kevin L. , Wilson Liz D. , Cappello Zachary J. , Bumpous Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective:Determine prevalence of viable malignancy in patients undergoing neck dissection (ND) for residual neck disease following concomitant chemotherapy and irradiation (chemo/xrt) for upper aerodigestive squamous carcinoma. To determine survival in groups with a neck complete response to those who had residual disease requiring neck dissection.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:Retrospective chart review of 230 patients who underwent definitive chemo/xrt for primary squamous cell carcinoma cancer (SCCa) of the head and neck from 2005 to 2009 in one institution.Results:Thirty‐nine (17%) patients underwent ND for residual neck mass within 4 months posttreatment. Forty‐nine percent (19/39) were pathologically positive for malignancy and 51% (20/39) were negative. The probability of a +ND based on original N‐stage was not statistically significant (P = .368). Primary site did not yield significant probability of having +ND, except in the oral cavity (P = .02). Patients had similar overall 5‐year survival, among those with a delayed complete response in the neck (66%), ND for residual disease (71%), or those with initial complete response (71%). Lower initial N‐stage demonstrated improved survival in all outcome groups. Tonsil SCCa patients who underwent ND had improved survival compared to those with delayed complete response (87.5 vs. 75.8%), both of which had increased survival compared to initial complete responders (65%).Conclusions:This study supports the use of ND in the postchemo/xrt positive neck regardless of primary site or initial N‐stage. ND in this setting conveys survival equal to patients with complete response in the neck after chemo/xrt. These survivorship implications of postchemo/xrt neck dissection extend to all sites, including tonsils.
Exercise‐induced muscle growth is muscle‐specific and age‐dependent
Authors: Leiter Jeff R.S. , Peeler Jason , Anderson Judy E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Sarcopenia, and the importance of satellite cells (SCs) in muscle growth led us to examine the effects of exercise and age on SC activation and gene expression. Methods: Eight‐ and 18‐month‐old mice were either sedentary or underwent 3 weeks of exercise (N = 24). Body mass, distance traveled, and grip strength were recorded at weekly intervals. The extensor digitorum longus (EDL), tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius (GAST), and quadriceps (QUAD) muscles were analyzed along with muscle fiber area, SC activation, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS‐I), MyoD, and myostatin protein content. Results: Older mice demonstrated decreased body mass, grip strength, and fiber area, but these changes were not affected by exercise. The QUAD muscle from young mice demonstrated an exercise‐induced increase in SC activation and NOS‐I and downregulation of myostatin. Conclusions: Exercise‐induced activation of SCs and regulation of gene expression are muscle‐specific and age‐dependent. Perturbed sensitivity to exercise in older mice provides insight into sarcopenia and potential treatments. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Jaw muscle weakness: A differential indicator of neuromuscular weakness—Preliminary observations
Authors: Pal Sandip , Sanyal Debashis 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Flaccid quadriparesis is a common neurological problem. Guillain–Barré syndrome Guillain‐Barre syndrome (GBS), polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM), generalized myasthenia gravis (MG), and hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP) constitute the majority of cases of flaccid quadriparesis. Few patients from any of these disease groups lack the cardinal clinical features. We established clinical marker(s) that might have significant discriminating power for diagnosis.Methods:Forty‐six patients satisfied all of our criteria. Cases were evaluated clinically followed by laboratory and electrophysiological study, and, in selected cases, muscle histopathology.Results:Twenty‐four patients had GBS, 9 had MG, 7 had PM/DM, and 6 had HPP. Jaw‐opening weakness was found in 71.4% of PM/DM, 83.3% of HPP, and 4.1% of GBS cases. Jaw‐closing weakness was found in 88.8% of MG cases.Conclusions:Presence of jaw‐closing weakness pointed toward MG, whereas presence of jaw‐opening weakness suggested muscle disease (PM/DM and HPP). GBS patients very rarely had jaw muscle weakness. Muscle Nerve, 2011
The connected hub number and the connected domination number
Authors: Johnson Peter , Slater Peter , Walsh Matt 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe connected hub number hc(G) of a connected graph G is the smallest order of a connected subgraph H of G such that any two nonadjacent vertices of G − H are joined in G by a path with all internal vertices in H. Letting γc(G) denote the connected domination number of G, it is easy to see that hc(G) ≤ γc(G) ≤ hc(G) + 1 for every connected graph G. Here we characterize the graphs G for which γc(G) = hc(G) + 1. Our result contributes to the search for the solution of an extremal problem of (Newman‐Wolfe et al., Congressus Numerantium 67 (1988), 67–76). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2011
Bidirectional A* search on time‐dependent road networks
Authors: Nannicini Giacomo , Delling Daniel , Schultes Dominik , Liberti Leo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe computation of point‐to‐point shortest paths on time‐dependent road networks has a large practical interest, but very few works propose efficient algorithms for this problem. We propose a novel approach, which tackles one of the main complications of route planning in time‐dependent graphs, which is the difficulty of using bidirectional search: because the exact arrival time at the destination is unknown, we start a backward search from the destination node using lower bounds on arc costs to restrict the set of nodes that have to be explored by the forward search. Our algorithm is based on A* with landmarks (ALT); extensive computational results show that it is very effective in practice if we are willing to accept a small approximation factor, resulting in a speed‐up of more than one order of magnitude with respect to Dijkstra's algorithm while finding only slightly suboptimal solutions. The main idea presented here can also be generalized to other types of search algorithms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2012
A decoupled augmented IIM strategy for incompressible two‐phase flows with interfaces on irregular domains
Authors: Tan Zhijun 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA decoupled augmented immersed interface method for solving incompressible two‐phase flows involving both irregular domains and interfaces is presented. In order to impose the prescribed velocity at the boundary of the irregular domain, singular force as one set of augmented variables is introduced. The velocity components at the two‐fluid interface as another set of augmented variables are introduced to satisfy the continuity condition of the velocity across the interface so that the jump conditions for the velocity and pressure are decoupled across the interface. The augmented variables and/or the forces along the interface/boundary are related to the jumps in both pressure and velocity and the jumps in their derivatives across the interface/boundary and applied to the fluid through jump conditions. The resulting augmented equation is a couple system of these two sets of augmented variables, and the direct application of the GMRES is impractical due to larger iterations. In this work, the novel decoupling of two sets of the augmented variables is proposed, and the decoupled augmented equation is then solved by the LU or the GMRES method. The Stokes equations are discretized via the finite difference method with the incorporation of jump contributions on a staggered Cartesian grid and solved by the conjugate gradient Uzawa‐type method. The numerical results show that second‐order accuracy for the velocity is confirmed. The present method has also been applied to solve for incompressible two‐phase Navier–Stokes flow with interfaces on irregular domains. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multifunctional hybrid magnetite nanoparticles with pH‐responsivity, superparamagnetism and fluorescence
Authors: Zhou Lilin , Cai Zhinan , Yuan Jinying , Kang Yan , Yuan Weizhong , Shen Dezhong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMultifunctional hybrid nanoparticles, Fe3O4@poly[(2‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]‐block‐poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐graft‐carbazole, with pH‐responsivity, superparamagnetism and fluorescence for targeted drug delivery and release have been synthesized. The nanoparticles have a core‐shell structure as determined from transmission electron microscopy, pH‐responsivity as determined from hydrodynamic radius analysis, superparamagnetism as determined from vibrating sample magnetometry and fluorescence as determined from fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The release behavior of model drug progesterone indicates that the release rate can be effectively controlled by altering the pH of the environment. The multifunctional nanoparticles could be applied extensively in targeted drug delivery and release, and with fluorescence they can serve as efficient tracers to record magnetic targeting routes. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of high growth rates on evaporated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layers and solar cells
Authors: Chirilă Adrian , Seyrling Sieghard , Buecheler Stephan , Guettler Dominik , Nishiwaki Shiro , Romanyuk Yaroslav E. , Bilger Gerhard , Tiwari Ayodhya N. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThin film solar cells based on polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 were prepared by elemental co‐evaporation using modified three‐stage processes on soda lime glass substrates at a low substrate temperature of 450°C intended for application on polyimide foils. The growth rates in the different stages of the growth process were varied, and it was observed that the final composition profile and structural quality of the film are mainly determined by the growth rate in the third stage. Application of high growth rates in the second stage was found to have no significant impact on layer morphology and gallium grading profile, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and x‐ray diffraction measurements. On the other hand, scanning electron microscopy cross sections revealed that high growth rates in the third stage lead to a fine‐grained structure toward the surface as well as smaller grains toward the back contact. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy and x‐ray diffraction measurements of such layers revealed a pronounced gallium grading profile, while Raman spectroscopy showed strong occurrence of group III‐rich phases in the near‐surface region. The final device performance was found to deteriorate by about 10% relative to the baseline process efficiency when growth rates of up to 500 nm min−1 were applied in the second stage or 600 nm min−1 in the third stage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexible bronchoscopy as a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tool in pediatric intensive care patients: A report on 5 years of experience
Authors: Peng Yu‐Yun , Soong Wen‐Jue , Lee Yu‐Sheng , Tsao Pei‐Chen , Yang Chia‐Feng , Jeng Mei‐Jy 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical role of flexible bronchoscopy (FB) in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units (ICUs).DesignA retrospective review of all patients receiving FB procedures between January 2005 and December 2009.SettingPediatric and neonatal ICUs of a tertiary care multi‐disciplinary teaching hospital located in northern Taiwan.PatientsA total of 358 ICU patients (223 males) who received 725 FB procedures.Measurements and Main ResultsThe medical records were reviewed and analyzed. Mean age for the first time FB was 35.7 (±48.9 SD) months old and 68.2% of them were <3 years old. Among them, unexplained retraction or tachypnea (32.0%) and stridor (20.1%) were the two leading indications for FB. The positive finding rate of FB was 87.2%, with airway malacia (47.8%) being the most common, especially in patients <3 years old. Positive lesion sites were approximately equally distributed between the upper (51.1%) and lower (50.6%) airways. Concomitant findings in the esophagus were found in 15.4% of the patients. There were 518 interventional FBs (71.4%, 518/725 procedures) which were performed on 201 (56.1%, 201/358) patients; FB‐aided endotracheal intubation (180/518, 34.7%) and laser therapy (109/518, 21.0%) were the two leading techniques used. No patient suffered from any long‐term complications or mortality associated with the FB procedures.ConclusionsFB is a safe and valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tool for patients in pediatric and neonatal ICUs. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:1031–1037. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Body satisfaction, nutritional adherence, and quality of life in youth with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Simon Stacey L. , Duncan Christina L. , Horky Susan C. , Nick Todd G. , Castro Maria Melguizo , Riekert Kristin A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractChildren with cystic fibrosis (CF) typically have similar nutritional intake as healthy peers, despite recommendations to consume more calories and fat. Body satisfaction may play a role in nutritional intake: females may be content with their smaller size despite recommendations for weight gain, while males may desire to be larger and more muscular, which is more congruent with medical advice. Females are especially at risk, given their propensity to desire a smaller body size, tendency for lower HRQOL, steeper trajectory of health decline and shorter life expectancy than males. This study evaluated body satisfaction in relation to nutritional adherence and HRQOL in youth with CF. Fifty‐four individuals with CF (age 9–17) completed the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire‐Revised (CFQ‐R), the Figure Rating Scale, and a 24‐hr diet recall interview with their caregiver. Twenty‐four percent of youth were non‐adherent with caloric goals, and 40.7% did not obtain the minimum recommendation for fat intake. Youth were classified as inconsistent with treatment goals (TI) if they desired a smaller body size or were content with their current size despite a BMI less than the 50th percentile; 44.8% of females were classified as TI, compared to only 8% of males. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of gender and body satisfaction on HRQOL in youth with CF. Linear multiple regression models were fit; TI females had Emotional HRQOL scores 23 points lower than males. Results suggest that improving body satisfaction, especially for females, may help to improve overall quality of life and potentially impact nutritional adherence. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:1085–1092. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes (CFRD)—The End Stage of Progressive Insulin Deficiency
Authors: Hameed Shihab , Jaffé Adam , Verge Charles F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn cystic fibrosis, gradual pancreatic destruction causes progressive insulin deficiency, culminating in cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD). As a consequence of insulin deficiency, elevated glucose levels can be detected (well before the diagnosis of CFRD), by continuous ambulatory subcutaneous interstitial fluid glucose monitoring or 30‐min sampled oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Current diagnostic criteria for CFRD (based on 0 and 120‐min OGTT blood glucose levels) were originally designed to forecast microvascular disease in type 2 diabetes, rather than CF‐specific outcomes such as declining weight or lung function. In CF, decline in either weight or lung function predicts early mortality. Both may precede the diagnosis of CFRD by several years. Insulin, a potent anabolic hormone, is recommended treatment for CFRD, but use in earlier stages of insulin deficiency is not established. Conventional dosing (with four or more insulin injections per day) is burdensome and carries substantial risk of hypoglycemia. However, recent uncontrolled trials suggest that once‐daily injection of intermediate or long‐acting insulin improves weight and lung function, with minimal hypoglycemia risk, in CFRD and also in early insulin deficiency. It is plausible that insulin may be of greater benefit to respiratory function when given prior to the diagnosis of CFRD, after which structural lung disease may be irreversible. It is also plausible that early insulin treatment may prolong the lifespan of the remaining insulin‐secreting β‐cells. Randomized controlled trials are now needed to determine whether or not current clinical practice should be altered toward the earlier commencement of insulin in CF. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:747–760. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.