bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heavy Mineral Placer Sand Deposits of Kontiagarh Area, Ganjam District, Orissa, India
Authors: Acharya Bhaskar Chandra , Nayak Bijaya Ketana , Das Subir Kumar 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Kontiagarh placer deposit in the Ganjam district, Orissa, India extends in northeast direction having a width of 700–1000 m. A total of 187 samples were collected meterwise from 55 bore holes in a grid pattern from beach, frontal, intermediate and back dunes covering an area of approximately 1 km2. Light minerals decrease in size from the beach to the back dunes, whereas the size distribution of heavy minerals in the beach and dunes is more or less uniform. The average heavy mineral content in the beach and dunes vary from 9.38% to 24.20%. The heavy minerals are ilmenite, garnet, sillimanite, rutile, monazite, and zircon with trace amounts of magnetite, hornblende, diopside, sphene, tourmaline, and epidote. Heavy minerals are mostly less than 350 µm in size, with a peak distribution in the range between 180 and 125 µm. Ilmenite shows exsolution intergrowth with hematite. Mineral chemistry of ilmenite, hematite, leucoxene, magnetite, monazite and sillimanite are examined by EPMA. Leucoxene is lower in Fe and higher in Ti, Al, Cr and V than ilmenite. The litho‐units of the Precambrian Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt, comprising primarily khondalite, charnockite, calc‐silicate granulite and gneiss, are the source of heavy minerals for this deposit. The bulk sample has 7.30% ilmenite, 5.24% sillimanite, 9.16% garnet, 0.18% rutile, 0.14% monazite, 0.06% zircon and 0.52% other heavy minerals. The deposit has good potential for economic exploitation of ilmenite, rutile, sillimanite, monazite, zircon and garnet.
Cold‐related respiratory symptoms in the general population
Authors: Harju Terttu , Mäkinen Tiina , Näyhä Simo , Laatikainen Tiina , Jousilahti Pekka , Hassi Juhani 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIntroduction:  Cold‐related respiratory symptoms are common among northern populations, especially among people suffering from respiratory diseases. However, the prevalence of such symptoms in the general population and the threshold temperatures at which the symptoms start to emerge are poorly known.Objectives:  The present study determined the prevalence and threshold temperatures of self‐reported respiratory symptoms related to cold, separately for healthy people and those with respiratory disease.Materials and Methods:  Six thousand five hundred ninety‐one men and women aged 25 years–74 years from the national FINRISK study were queried about cold‐related respiratory symptoms. The results were expressed as age‐adjusted prevalence figures and coefficients from multivariate regressions.Results:  Cold‐related respiratory symptoms were more often reported by people with asthma (men 69%/women 78%) and by subjects with chronic bronchitis (65%/76%) than the healthy subjects (18%/21%). A binomial regression showed an increase of symptom prevalence by age and excesses of 4%, 50% and 21% units because of female sex, asthma and chronic bronchitis, respectively. The reported threshold temperature for cold‐related symptoms was −14°C for males and −15°C for females, and it showed some increase by age (0°C–5°C), asthma (2°C) and chronic bronchitis (3°C). The threshold temperature for mucus production was exceptional as it decreased by age (2°C–5°C) and asthma (2°C). The effects of smoking and education were marginal.Conclusion:  Cold‐related respiratory symptoms are common in patients with chronic respiratory diseases, but they start to emerge at relatively low temperatures. In a cold climate, the cold‐related symptoms may have an impact on the health‐related quality of life.Please cite this paper as: Harju T, Mäkinen T, Näyhä S, Laatikainen T, Jousilahti P and Hassi J. Cold‐related respiratory symptoms in the general population. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2010; 4: 176–185.
Assessing the Impact of Efalizumab on Nail, Scalp and Palmoplantar Psoriasis and on Quality of Life: Results from a Multicentre, Open‐label, Phase IIIb/IV Trial
Authors: Katsambas Andreas , Peris Ketty , Vena Gino , Freidmann Peter , Wozel Gottfried , Daudén Esteban , Licu Daiana , Placchi Mauro , De La Brassinne Michel 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThis post‐approval, open‐label trial (n = 1266) assessed the efficacy of efalizumab, administered in accordance with the European label at that time, in patients with concomitant nail, scalp or palmoplantar psoriasis. Patients received subcutaneous efalizumab 1.0 mg/kg weekly for up to 20 weeks. By Week 12, an improvement from baseline of 50% or more was observed in 21.4% (181/844) of patients with nail psoriasis, 62.4% (718/1150) of patients with scalp psoriasis, and 51.4% (127/247) of patients with palmoplantar psoriasis. Quality of life improved throughout the trial, with a 50% median improvement in DLQI score after 12 weeks of treatment. Efalizumab showed promising efficacy in the treatment of nail, scalp and palmoplantar psoriasis, which was reflected in improvements in quality of life.
Stanford University Network for Diagnosis of Retinopathy of Prematurity (SUNDROP): 24‐month experience with telemedicine screening
Authors: Murakami Yohko , Silva Ruwan A. , Jain Atul , Lad Eleonora M. , Gandhi Jarel , Moshfeghi Darius M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  To report the 24‐month experience of the Stanford University Network for Diagnosis of Retinopathy of Prematurity (SUNDROP) telemedicine initiative.Methods:  Retrospective analysis of the SUNDROP archival data gathered between 1 December 2005 and 30 November 2007 to evaluate this diagnostic technology for ROP screening. One hundred and sixty consecutively enrolled infants meeting ROP examination criteria were screened with the RetCam II and evaluated by the SUNDROP reading centre at Stanford University. Nurses obtained five or six images in each eye. All patients also received a dilated examination within 1 week of discharge. Outcomes included treatment‐warranted retinopathy of prematurity (TW‐ROP) and anatomical outcomes.Results:  In the initial 24‐month period, the SUNDROP telemedicine initiative has not missed any TW‐ROP. A total of 160 infants (320 eyes) were imaged, resulting in 669 exams and 7556 images. Seven infants were identified with TW‐ROP; six underwent laser photocoagulation and one regressed spontaneously. The sensitivity was 100%, with specificity of 99.4%. No patient progressed to retinal detachment or other adverse outcomes.Conclusion:  The SUNDROP telemedicine screening initiative for ROP has been proven to have a high degree of sensitivity and specificity for the identification of treatment‐warranted disease. All cases of treatment‐warranted disease were captured. There were no adverse outcomes.
Homeland and Belonging among Cubans in Spain
Authors: Berg Mette Louise 
Published: November 2009

RESUMENEste artículo contribuye a los debates recientes en estudios de diáspora sobre la relación entre procesos de exclusión, experiencias de desplazamiento y memorias de país de origen existentes en la producción de subjetividades diaspóricas. El artículo concierne a la diáspora cubana en España, la cual consiste de aproximadamente 50,000 personas. Estas personas representan refutadas prácticas y discursos sobre origen y desplazamiento, sobre pertenecer y no pertenecer. En este artículo sostengo que la noción de “generación diaspórica” nos puede ayudar a entender los modos contrastantes en que los cubanos habitan diáspora. Las generaciones diaspóricas se basan en trayectorias de migración. Éstas ponen los aspectos temporales de la formación de la diáspora en primer plano y por encima de aspectos espaciales. Sostengo que para las dos generaciones más recientes de esta diáspora, prácticas y discursos de exclusión tanto en el país de origen como en el lugar de la diáspora igual que entre la primera generación de la diáspora han contribuido en la producción de subjetividades desterritorializadas.This article is a contribution to recent debates within diaspora studies of the relationship between processes of exclusion, experiences of displacement, and memories of homeland in the production of diasporic subjectivities. It concerns the Cuban diaspora in Spain, consisting of approximately 50,000 people who represent contesting practices and discourses of home and away, belonging and not‐belonging. In the article I argue that to understand diasporic Cubans' contrastive modes of inhabiting Diaspora, the notion of “diasporic generations” is helpful. Diasporic generations are based on trajectories of migration, thus foregrounding the temporal aspects of Diaspora formation over spatial aspects. I argue that among the two most recent generations of this Diaspora, practices and discourses of exclusion in both homeland and diasporic location as well as among the first generation of the diaspora have led to the production of deterritorialized subjectivities.
Disease-related expression of the IL6/STAT3/SOCS3 signalling pathway in ulcerative colitis and ulcerative colitis-related carcinogenesis
Authors: Li Yi , de Haar Colin , Chen Min , Deuring Jasper , Gerrits Monique M , Smits Ron , Xia Bing , Kuipers Ernst J , van der Woude C Janneke 
Published: November 2009

BackgroundMouse models have shown that interleukin (IL)6 stimulates survival, proliferation and progression to cancer of intestinal epithelial cells via activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3).ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of IL6/phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3)/suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) in biopsy specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and UC-related colorectal cancer (CRC) progression.MethodsBiopsy specimens from patients with inactive UC (n=18), active UC (n=28), UC with low-grade dysplasia (LGD) (n=9), UC with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) (n=7), UC-CRC (n=11) and sporadic CRC (n=14) were included. Biopsy specimens (n=9) from patients without colonic abnormalities served as control. The protein expression of IL6, p-STAT3 and SOCS3 was determined immunohistochemically.ResultsPatients with active UC had significantly more IL6 and p-STAT3-positive epithelial cells than both patients with inactive UC and controls (strong positive IL6: 53.6%, 11.1% and 0%, respectively; p-STAT3: 64.3%, 22.2% and 11.1%, respectively; all p≤0.012). SOCS3-positive cells were significantly increased in colonic epithelium of both inactive and active UC compared with controls (strong positive: 94.4%, 96.4% and 11.1%, respectively; both p<0.001). In dysplasia and cancer, significantly more epithelial cells expressed IL6 and p-STAT3 compared with controls (strong positive IL6: 72.7% and 0% respectively; p-STAT3: 54.5% and 11.1%, respectively; both p<0.05), whereas the proportion of SOCS3-positive cells in this progression reduced (LGD 33.3%; HGD 14.3%; UC-CRC 9.1%). In addition, methylation of the SOCS3 gene was detected in epithelial cells from UC-CRC biopsy specimens.ConclusionThe importance of IL6/p-STAT3 in patients with inflammation-induced CRC was demonstrated. Moreover, SOCS3 may be involved in UC pathogenesis and the absence of SOCS3 seems critical for CRC progression.
Roles of Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Orbitofrontal Cortex in Self-evaluation
Authors: Beer Jennifer S. , Lombardo Michael V. , Bhanji Jamil Palacios 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Empirical investigations of the relation of frontal lobe function to self-evaluation have mostly examined the evaluation of abstract qualities in relation to self versus other people. The present research furthers our understanding of frontal lobe involvement in self-evaluation by examining two processes that have not been widely studied by neuroscientists: on-line self-evaluations and correction of systematic judgment errors that influence self-evaluation. Although people evaluate their abstract qualities, it is equally important that perform on-line evaluations to assess the success of their behavior in a particular situation. In addition, self-evaluations of task performance are sometimes overconfident because of systematic judgment errors. What role do the neural regions associated with abstract self-evaluations and decision bias play in on-line evaluation and self-evaluation bias? In this fMRI study, self-evaluation in two reasoning tasks was examined; one elicited overconfident self-evaluations of performance because of salient but misleading aspects of the task and the other was free from misleading aspects. Medial PFC (mPFC), a region associated with self-referential processing, was generally involved in on-line self-evaluations but not specific to accurate or overconfident evaluation. Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity, a region associated with accurate nonsocial judgment, negatively predicted individual differences in overconfidence and was negatively associated with confidence level for incorrect trials.
Reasoning with Exceptions: An Event-related Brain Potentials Study
Authors: Pijnacker Judith , Geurts Bart , van Lambalgen Michiel , Buitelaar Jan , Hagoort Peter 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Defeasible inferences are inferences that can be revised in the light of new information. Although defeasible inferences are pervasive in everyday communication, little is known about how and when they are processed by the brain. This study examined the electrophysiological signature of defeasible reasoning using a modified version of the suppression task. Participants were presented with conditional inferences (of the type “if p, then q; p, therefore q”) that were preceded by a congruent or a disabling context. The disabling context contained a possible exception or precondition that prevented people from drawing the conclusion. Acceptability of the conclusion was indeed lower in the disabling condition compared to the congruent condition. Further, we found a large sustained negativity at the conclusion of the disabling condition relative to the congruent condition, which started around 250 msec and was persistent throughout the entire epoch. Possible accounts for the observed effect are discussed.
Cross-domain Effects of Music and Language Experience on the Representation of Pitch in the Human Auditory Brainstem
Authors: Bidelman Gavin M. , Gandour Jackson T. , Krishnan Ananthanarayan 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Neural encoding of pitch in the auditory brainstem is known to be shaped by long-term experience with language or music, implying that early sensory processing is subject to experience-dependent neural plasticity. In language, pitch patterns consist of sequences of continuous, curvilinear contours; in music, pitch patterns consist of relatively discrete, stair-stepped sequences of notes. The primary aim was to determine the influence of domain-specific experience (language vs. music) on the encoding of pitch in the brainstem. Frequency-following responses were recorded from the brainstem in native Chinese, English amateur musicians, and English nonmusicians in response to iterated rippled noise homologues of a musical pitch interval (major third; M3) and a lexical tone (Mandarin tone 2; T2) from the music and language domains, respectively. Pitch-tracking accuracy (whole contour) and pitch strength (50 msec sections) were computed from the brainstem responses using autocorrelation algorithms. Pitch-tracking accuracy was higher in the Chinese and musicians than in the nonmusicians across domains. Pitch strength was more robust across sections in musicians than in nonmusicians regardless of domain. In contrast, the Chinese showed larger pitch strength, relative to nonmusicians, only in those sections of T2 with rapid changes in pitch. Interestingly, musicians exhibited greater pitch strength than the Chinese in one section of M3, corresponding to the onset of the second musical note, and two sections within T2, corresponding to a note along the diatonic musical scale. We infer that experience-dependent plasticity of brainstem responses is shaped by the relative saliency of acoustic dimensions underlying the pitch patterns associated with a particular domain.
The Neural Correlates of Persuasion: A Common Network across Cultures and Media
Authors: Falk Emily B. , Rameson Lian , Berkman Elliot T. , Liao Betty , Kang Yoona , Inagaki Tristen K. , Lieberman Matthew D. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Persuasion is at the root of countless social exchanges in which one person or group is motivated to have another share its beliefs, desires, or behavioral intentions. Here, we report the first three functional magnetic resonance imaging studies to investigate the neurocognitive networks associated with feeling persuaded by an argument. In the first two studies, American and Korean participants, respectively, were exposed to a number of text-based persuasive messages. In both Study 1 and Study 2, feeling persuaded was associated with increased activity in posterior superior temporal sulcus bilaterally, temporal pole bilaterally, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. The findings suggest a discrete set of underlying mechanisms in the moment that the persuasion process occurs, and are strengthened by the fact that the results replicated across two diverse linguistic and cultural groups. Additionally, a third study using region-of-interest analyses demonstrated that neural activity in this network was also associated with persuasion when a sample of American participants viewed video-based messages. In sum, across three studies, including two different cultural groups and two types of media, persuasion was associated with a consistent network of regions in the brain. Activity in this network has been associated with social cognition and mentalizing and is consistent with models of persuasion that emphasize the importance of social cognitive processing in determining the efficacy of persuasive communication.
Behavioral and Neural Evidence for Item-specific Performance Monitoring
Authors: Blais Chris , Bunge Silvia 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
How cognitive control is recruited and implemented has become a major focus of researchers in cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Current theories posit that cognitive control operates at the level of general rules—for example, in a Stroop task, “attend to the color of the stimulus.” Here we report behavioral evidence suggesting that cognitive control is implemented much more locally, operating at the level of specific stimuli appearing in a task block. In addition, we report neural evidence that many of the regions implicated in cognitive control on the Stroop task, including anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, operate at a local level.
A Psychophysiological Investigation of Moral Judgment after Ventromedial Prefrontal Damage
Authors: Moretto Giovanna , Làdavas Elisabetta , Mattioli Flavia , di Pellegrino Giuseppe 
Published: November 2009

AbstractConverging evidence suggests that emotion processing mediated by ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is necessary to prevent personal moral violations. In moral dilemmas, for example, patients with lesions in vmPFC are more willing than normal controls to approve harmful actions that maximize good consequences (e.g., utilitarian moral judgments). Yet, none of the existing studies has measured subjects' emotional responses while they considered moral dilemmas. Therefore, a direct link between emotion processing and moral judgment is still lacking. Here, vmPFC patients and control participants considered moral dilemmas while skin conductance response (SCR) was measured as a somatic index of affective state. Replicating previous evidence, vmPFC patients approved more personal moral violations than did controls. Critically, we found that, unlike control participants, vmPFC patients failed to generate SCRs before endorsing personal moral violations. In addition, such anticipatory SCRs correlated negatively with the frequency of utilitarian judgments in normal participants. These findings provide direct support to the hypothesis that the vmPFC promotes moral behavior by mediating the anticipation of the emotional consequences of personal moral violations.
Human Anterior Intraparietal and Ventral Premotor Cortices Support Representations of Grasping with the Hand or a Novel Tool
Authors: Jacobs Stéphane , Danielmeier Claudia , Frey Scott H. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Humans display a remarkable capacity to use tools instead of their biological effectors. Yet, little is known about the mechanisms that support these behaviors. Here, participants learned to grasp objects, appearing in a variety of orientations, with a novel, handheld mechanical tool. Following training, psychophysical functions relating grip preferences (i.e., pronated vs. supinated) to stimulus orientations indicate a reliance on distinct, effector-specific internal representations when planning grasping actions on the basis of the tool versus the hands. Accompanying fMRI data show that grip planning in both hand and tool conditions was associated with similar increases in activity within the same regions of the anterior intraparietal and caudal ventral premotor cortices, a putative homologue of the macaque anterior intraparietal–ventral premotor (area F5) “grasp circuit.” These findings suggest that tool use is supported by effector-specific representations of grasping with the tool that are functionally independent of previously existing representations of the hand and yet occur within the same parieto-frontal regions involved in manual prehension. These levels of representation are critical for accurate planning and execution of actions in a manner that is sensitive to the respective properties of these effectors. These effector-specific representations likely coexist with effector-independent representations. The latter were recently reported in macaque F5 [Umiltà, M. A., Escola, L., Intskirveli, I., Grammont, F., Rochat, M., Caruana, F., et al. When pliers become fingers in the monkey motor system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 105, 2209–2213, 2008] and appear to be established by tool use training through modification of existing representations of grasping with the hand. These more abstract levels of representation may facilitate the transfer of skills between hand and tool.
Music and Speech Listening Enhance the Recovery of Early Sensory Processing after Stroke
Authors: Särkämö Teppo , Pihko Elina , Laitinen Sari , Forsblom Anita , Soinila Seppo , Mikkonen Mikko , Autti Taina , Silvennoinen Heli M. , Erkkilä Jaakko , Laine Matti , Peretz Isabelle , Hietanen Marja , Tervaniemi Mari 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOur surrounding auditory environment has a dramatic influence on the development of basic auditory and cognitive skills, but little is known about how it influences the recovery of these skills after neural damage. Here, we studied the long-term effects of daily music and speech listening on auditory sensory memory after middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke. In the acute recovery phase, 60 patients who had middle cerebral artery stroke were randomly assigned to a music listening group, an audio book listening group, or a control group. Auditory sensory memory, as indexed by the magnetic MMN (MMNm) response to changes in sound frequency and duration, was measured 1 week (baseline), 3 months, and 6 months after the stroke with whole-head magnetoencephalography recordings. Fifty-four patients completed the study. Results showed that the amplitude of the frequency MMNm increased significantly more in both music and audio book groups than in the control group during the 6-month poststroke period. In contrast, the duration MMNm amplitude increased more in the audio book group than in the other groups. Moreover, changes in the frequency MMNm amplitude correlated significantly with the behavioral improvement of verbal memory and focused attention induced by music listening. These findings demonstrate that merely listening to music and speech after neural damage can induce long-term plastic changes in early sensory processing, which, in turn, may facilitate the recovery of higher cognitive functions. The neural mechanisms potentially underlying this effect are discussed.