bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastric cancer immune microenvironment score predicts neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis
Authors: Zhao Shaoji , Liu Yinan , Ding Li , Zhang Chaoyue , Ye Jinning , Sun Kaiyu , Song Wu , Cai Shirong , He Yulong , Peng Jianjun , Xu Jianbo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) varies greatly. Thus, we aimed to verify the predictive value of tumor‐infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) on the treatment response to NACT and the prognosis of patients with advanced GC, and to explore the impact of NACT on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Paired tumor tissues (pre‐ and post‐NACT) from patients with advanced GC were collected for this study. TIICs were assessed using immunohistochemistry staining and analyzed using logistic regression to establish an immune microenvironment score for GC (ISGC score) and predict NACT efficacy. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to evaluate the survival outcome of patients. The results showed that TIME was dramatically heterogeneous between NACT response and nonresponse patients. In the validation cohort, the ISGC score demonstrated good predictive performance for treatment response to NACT. Moreover, high ISGC indicated better long‐term survival in patients with advanced GC. Furthermore, tumor‐infiltrated T cells (CD3+ and CD8+) and CD11c+ macrophages were significantly increased in the response group, while CD163+ macrophages and FOXP3+ Treg cells were decreased after NACT. However, opposite results were exhibited in the nonresponse group. Finally, we found that the percentage of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1)‐positive tumors was 31% (32/104) pre‐NACT and 49% (51/104) post‐NACT, and almost all patients with elevated PD‐L1 were in the NACT response group. The ISGC model accurately predicted NACT efficacy and classified patients with GC into different survival groups. NACT regulates the TIME in GC, which may provide strategies for personalized immunotherapy.
Feasibility of determining external beam radiotherapy dose using LuSy dosimeter
Authors: Wahabi Janatul Madinah , Wong Jeannie Hsiu Ding , Mahdiraji Ghafour A. , Ung Ngie Min 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionRadiation dose measurement is an essential part of radiotherapy to verify the correct delivery of doses to patients and ensure patient safety. Recent advancements in radiotherapy technology have highlighted the need for fast and precise dosimeters. Technologies like FLASH radiotherapy and magnetic‐resonance linear accelerators (MR‐LINAC) demand dosimeters that can meet their unique requirements. One promising solution is the plastic scintillator‐based dosimeter with high spatial resolution and real‐time dose output. This study explores the feasibility of using the LuSy dosimeter, an in‐house developed plastic scintillator dosimeter for dose verification across various radiotherapy techniques, including conformal radiotherapy (CRT), intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).Materials and methodsA new dosimetry system, comprising a new plastic scintillator as the sensing material, was developed and characterized for radiotherapy beams. Treatment plans were created for conformal radiotherapy, IMRT, VMAT, and SRS and delivered to a phantom. LuSy dosimeter was used to measure the delivered dose for each plan on the surface of the phantom and inside the target volumes. Then, LuSy measurements were compared against an ionization chamber, MOSFET dosimeter, radiochromic films, and dose calculated using the treatment planning system (TPS).ResultsFor CRT, surface dose measurement by LuSy dosimeter showed a deviation of ‐5.5% and ‐5.4% for breast and abdomen treatment from the TPS, respectively. When measuring inside the target volume for IMRT, VMAT, and SRS, the LuSy dosimeter produced a mean deviation of ‐3.0% from the TPS. Surface dose measurement resulted in higher TPS discrepancies where the deviations for IMRT, VMAT, and SRS were ‐2.0%, ‐19.5%, and 16.1%, respectively.ConclusionThe LuSy dosimeter was feasible for measuring radiotherapy doses for various treatment techniques. Treatment delivery verification enables early error detection, allowing for safe treatment delivery for radiotherapy patients.
High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Dual Interfaces Modification with Identical Organic Salt
Authors: Cai Qingbin , Shan Lianwei , Mi Guojun , Wang Yun , Gu Hao , Huang Yulan , Liu Zhixin , Wu Zhiyang , Xing Guichuan , Amini Abbas , Xu Baomin , Lian Qing , Cheng Chun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSC) relies on the enhanced quality of perovskite layer and the modification of its adjacent interfaces. For this purpose, a multifunctional organic passivation molecule 1‐(4‐Fluorophenyl) biguanide hydrochloride (F‐BHCl) is introduced to the top and bottom interfaces of the perovskite layer. The PCE of PSC after the modification of double interfaces with F‐BHCl is significantly increased from 22.41% (unmodified) to 25.14%, and the storage, thermal, and operation stability is also improved. The comprehensive theoretical and experimental studies verify that due to its versatile functional groups and adaptation, F‐BHCl can significantly improve the quality of perovskite film, fully passivate several kinds of common defects, smoothen the top surfaces of perovskite film, and construct “molecular bridges” with carrier transporters on both the top and bottom surfaces, leading to significantly reduced non‐recombination and carrier transport losses. As a result, a significant increase is achieved in the open circuit voltage and fill factor as well as the whole performance of the device.
Hygro‐Dynamic and Conductive Actuator That Restructures and Heals by Water
Authors: Chen Qing , Künniger Tina , Song Qun , Zhang Kai , Chumakov Andrei , Bulut Yusuf , Harder Constantin , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Roth Stephan V. , Braun Artur 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe prospects of endowing stimuli‐responsive materials with various life‐like behaviors are promoting the development of intelligent robotic and electronic devices. However, it is challenging to incorporate stimuli‐responsive actuating and healing capabilities into one single material system. Herein, the design and assembly of humidity‐responsive thin films composed of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) forming a conducting polymer composite through a physically cross‐linked and hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular network are described. Owing to its enhanced dynamics of hydrogen bonding at an elevated humidity, the PEDOT:PSS/NaCMC thin film exhibits a rapid humidity‐responsive actuating performance in an environment with humidity gradient, as well as a repairing function of the structural, mechanical, electrical, and actuating properties after being damaged through a humidifying‐drying cycle. Based on a combined analytical approach, a structural model is proposed for the rearrangement of the thin film when being exposed to stepwise humidity levels at multi‐length scales. Due to the structural rearrangement powered by humidity variations, the film exhibits tunable actuating and healing performance, which makes it a promising candidate material for applications in intelligent soft robotics such as artificial muscles.
Ultra‐Hydrophobic Gauze Driving Super‐Haemostasis
Authors: Chen Ying , Yang Jinrui , Liu Yuqing , Liu Xiaoqiang , Deng Kexin , Xu Kaige , Zhou Hongling , Jiang Xupin , Xing Malcolm , Zhang Jiaping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractControlling bleeding by applying pressing cotton gauze is the most facile treatment in prehospital emergencies. However, the wettable nature of cotton fibers leads to unnecessary blood loss due to excessive blood absorption, inseparable adhesion‐induced pain, and pliable to infection. Here, a kind of ultra‐hydrophobic haemostatic anti‐adhesive gauze whose surface is loaded with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and hydrophobic‐modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), achieving a water contact angle of ≈160° is developed. It is demonstrated that the mechanism by which hydrophobic CNCs promote blood clotting is associated with their ability to activate coagulation factors, contributing to fibrin formation, and promoting platelet activation. The blood‐restricting effect results from the low surface energy layer formed by PDMS and then the alkyl chains of hydrophobic CNCs are combined. The produced ultra‐hydrophobic gauze resists blood flow and diffusion, decreases blood loss, is effortlessly peelable, and minimizes pathogen adhesion. Compared to the commercial cotton gauze, this gauze achieved effective haemostasis and antiadhesion by reducing blood loss by more than 90%, shortening haemostasis time by more than 75%, lowering peeling force by more than 90% and minifying bacterium attachment by more than 95%. This work presents promising applications in terms of prehospital first aid.
Bio–Nano Toolbox for Precision Alzheimer's Disease Gene Therapy
Authors: Liu Yang , Xia Xue , Zheng Meng , Shi Bingyang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most burdensome aging‐associated neurodegenerative disorder, and its treatment encounters numerous failures during drug development. Although there are newly approved in‐market β‐amyloid targeting antibody solutions, pathological heterogeneity among patient populations still challenges the treatment outcome. Emerging advances in gene therapies offer opportunities for more precise personalized medicine; while, major obstacles including the pathological heterogeneity among patient populations, the puzzled mechanism for druggable target development, and the precision delivery of functional therapeutic elements across the blood–brain barrier remain and limit the use of gene therapy for central neuronal diseases. Aiming for “precision delivery” challenges, nanomedicine provides versatile platforms that may overcome the targeted delivery challenges for AD gene therapy. In this perspective, to picture a toolbox for AD gene therapy strategy development, the most recent advances from benchtop to clinics are highlighted, possibly available gene therapy targets, tools, and delivery platforms are outlined, their challenges as well as rational design elements are addressed, and perspectives in this promising research field are discussed.
Biologicals and Biomaterials for Corneal Regeneration and Vision Restoration in Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency
Authors: Di Girolamo Nick 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe mammalian cornea is decorated with stem cells bestowed with the life‐long task of renewing the epithelium, provided they remain healthy, functional, and in sufficient numbers. If not, a debilitating disease known as limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) can develop causing blindness. Decades after the first stem cell (SC) therapy is devised to treat this condition, patients continue to suffer unacceptable failures. During this time, improvements to therapeutics have included identifying better markers to isolate robust SC populations and nurturing them on crudely modified biological or biomaterial scaffolds including human amniotic membrane, fibrin, and contact lenses, prior to their delivery. Researchers are now gathering information about the biomolecular and biomechanical properties of the corneal SC niche to decipher what biological and/or synthetic materials can be incorporated into these carriers. Advances in biomedical engineering including electrospinning and 3D bioprinting with surface functionalization and micropatterning, and self‐assembly models, have generated a wealth of biocompatible, biodegradable, integrating scaffolds to choose from, some of which are being tested for their SC delivery capacity in the hope of improving clinical outcomes for patients with LSCD.
Tailoring the Electrochemical Responses of MOF‐74 Via Dual‐Defect Engineering for Superior Energy Storage
Authors: Chen Tingting , Xu Hengyue , Li Shaopeng , Zhang Jiaqi , Tan Zhicheng , Chen Long , Chen Yiwang , Huang Zhongjie , Pang Huan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRationally designed defects in a crystal can confer unique properties. This study showcases a novel dual‐defects engineering strategy to tailor the electrochemical response of metal–organic framework (MOF) materials used for electrochemical energy storage. Salicylic acid (SA) is identified as an effective modulator to control MOF‐74 growth and induce structural defects, and cobalt cation doping is adopted for introducing a second type of defect. The resulting dual‐defects engineered bimetallic MOF exhibits a discharging capacity of 218.6 mAh g−1, 4.4 times that of the pristine MOF‐74, and significantly improved cycling stability. Moreover, the engineered MOF‐74(Ni0.675Co0.325)‐8//Zn aqueous battery shows top energy/power density performances for Ni–Zn batteries (266.5 Wh kg−1, 17.22 kW kg−1). Comprehensive investigations reveal that engineered defects modify the local coordination environment and promote the in situ electrochemical reconfiguration during operation to significantly boost the electrochemical activity. This work suggests that rational tailoring of the defects within the MOF crystal is an effective strategy to manipulate the coordination environment of the metal centers and the corresponding electrochemical reconfiguration for electrochemical applications.
A Naturally Inspired Extrusion‐Based Microfluidic Approach for Manufacturing Tailorable Magnetic Soft Continuum Microrobotic Devices
Authors: Hertle Lukas , Sevim Semih , Zhu Jiawei , Pustovalov Vitaly , Veciana Andrea , Llacer‐Wintle Joaquin , Landers Fabian C. , Ye Hao , Chen Xiang‐Zhong , Vogler Hannes , Grossniklaus Ueli , Puigmartí‐Luis Josep , Nelson Bradley J. , Pané Salvador 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoft materials play a crucial role in small‐scale robotic applications by closely mimicking the complex motion and morphing behavior of organisms. However, conventional fabrication methods face challenges in creating highly integrated small‐scale soft devices. In this study, microfluidics is leveraged to precisely control reaction‐diffusion (RD) processes to generate multifunctional and compartmentalized calcium‐cross‐linkable alginate‐based microfibers. Under RD conditions, sophisticated alginate‐based fibers are produced for magnetic soft continuum robotics applications with customizable features, such as geometry (compact or hollow), degree of cross‐linking, and the precise localization of magnetic nanoparticles (inside the core, surrounding the fiber, or on one side). This fine control allows for tuning the stiffness and magnetic responsiveness of the microfibers. Additionally, chemically cleavable regions within the fibers enable disassembly into smaller robotic units or roll‐up structures under a rotating magnetic field. These findings demonstrate the versatility of microfluidics in processing highly integrated small‐scale devices.
Structurally Tunable Donor−Bridge−Fluorophore Architecture Enables Highly Efficient and Concentration‐Independent Narrowband Electroluminescence
Authors: Feng Yu , Xu Yincai , Qu Cheng , Wang Qingyang , Ye Kaiqi , Liu Yu , Wang Yue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLuminescent materials with narrowband emission have extraordinary significance for developing ultrahigh‐definition display. B–N‐containing multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials are strong contenders. However, their device performances pervasively encounter detrimental aggregation‐caused quenching effect that is highly vulnerable to doping concentration, complicating device fabrication. Therefore, constructing highly efficient and concentration‐independent MR‐TADF emitters is of pragmatic importance for improving device controllability and reproducibility, simplifying manufacturing procedures, and conserving production costs. Here, by systematic arrangement of donor triphenylamine and fluorophore BNCz on distinct bridges, a spatial confinement strategy has been developed with a donor−bridge−fluorophore architecture. Structurally fine modulation and progressive evolution to construct molecular entities with congested steric hindrance effect that can suppress intermolecular interactions without substantially affecting the luminescence tone of fluorophore BNCz, resulting in highly efficient and concentration‐independent narrowband emitters; through isomer engineering, two isomers BN‐PCz‐TPA and TPA‐PCz‐BN with different crystal stacking patterns are synthesized by altering the connection mode between triphenylamine and BNCz. As a result, BN‐PCz‐TPA‐based device showcases maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 36.3% with narrow full‐width at half‐maximum of 27 nm at 10 wt% doping concentration. Even at 20 wt% doping concentration, the maximum EQE remains at 32.5% and the emission spectrum is almost unchanged.
Fast Photoactuation and Environmental Response of Humidity‐Sensitive pDAP‐Silicon Nanocantilevers
Authors: Krysztofik Adam , Pula Przemyslaw , Pochylski Mikolaj , Zaleski Karol , Gapinski Jacek , Majewski Pawel , Graczykowski Bartlomiej 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMulti‐responsive nanomembranes are a new class of advanced materials that can be harnessed in complex architectures for micro and nano‐manipulators, artificial muscles, energy harvesting, soft robotics, and sensors. The design and fabrication of responsive membranes must meet such challenges as trade‐offs between responsiveness and mechanical durability, volumetric low‐cost production ensuring low environmental impact, and compatibility with standard technologies or biological systems This work demonstrates the fabrication of multi‐responsive, mechanically robust poly(1,3‐diaminopropane) (pDAP) nanomembranes and their application in fast photoactuators. The pDAP films are developed using a plasma‐assisted polymerization technique that offers large‐scale production and versatility of potential industrial relevance. The pDAP layers exhibit high elasticity with the Young's modulus of ≈7 GPa and remarkable mechanical durability across 20–80 °C temperatures. Notably, pDAP membranes reveal immediate and reversible contraction triggered by light, rising temperature, or reducing relative humidity underpinned by a reversible water sorption mechanism. These features enable the fabrication of photoactuators composed of pDAP‐coated Si nanocantilevers, demonstrating ms timescale response to light, tens of µm deflections, and robust performance up to kHz frequencies. These results advance fundamental research on multi‐responsive nanomembranes and hold the potential to boost versatile applications in light‐to‐motion conversion and sensing toward the industrial level.
Intranasal Delivery of Near‐Infrared and Magnetic Dual‐Response Nanospheres to Rapidly Produce Antidepressant‐Like and Cognitive Enhancement Effects
Authors: Hu Jiangnan , Lian Zhenglong , Weng Zhenzhen , Xu Zihao , Gao Jie , Liu Yuanyuan , Luo Tao , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRestricted by synaptic plasticity, dopamine receptor (DR) upregulation takes a long time to work. Moreover, the impact of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) on delivery efficiency restricts the development of drugs. Taking inspiration from snuff bottles, a convenient, fast‐acting, and nonaddictive nasal drug delivery system has been developed to rapidly reshape the balance of synaptic transmitters. This optical and magnetic response system called CFs@DP, comprised of carbonized MIL‐100 (Fe) frameworks (CFs) and domperidone (DP), which can enter the brain via nasal administration. Under dual stimulation of near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation and catecholamine‐induced complexation, CFs@DP disintegrates to release iron ions and DP, causing upregulation of the dopamine type 1 (D1), type 2 (D2) receptors, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to achieve a therapeutic effect. In vivo experiments demonstrate that the DR density of mice (postnatal day 50–60) increased in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus (HPC) after 10 days of therapy, resulting in antidepressant‐like and cognitive enhancement effects. Interestingly, the cognitive enhancement effect of CFs@DP is even working in noniron deficiency (normal fed) mice, making it a promising candidate for application in enhancing learning ability.
Pressure‐Induced Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Lead‐Free NaGeX3 (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) Perovskites: First‐Principles Calculation
Authors: Sarker Md. Amran , Muntasir Mahin , Momin Md. Al , Solayman Md. , Islam Md. Rasidul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, the pressure‐induced structural, electronic, and optical properties of lead‐free inorganic Ge‐based perovskite materials NaGeX3 (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) through density functional theory (DFT) simulations conducted are explored with CASTEP. This research is driven by identifying perovskite materials with a tunable bandgap that are both efficient and non‐toxic for solar cell applications. The materials under consideration are found to be mechanically and thermodynamically stable, as per the Born stability criteria and formation energy calculations. This band structure analysis indicates these compounds exhibit semiconducting behavior with a tunable bandgap. Under ambient conditions, the Ge─X and Na─X bonds display covalent and ionic characteristics, respectively. Substituting halogens from F to I increases lattice parameters and a more covalent nature of the Ge─X bond. Concurrently, the bandgap narrows, transitioning from indirect (F) to direct (Cl, Br, and I). At the same time, the static dielectric constant rises, and both absorption and conductivity are significantly enhanced with a redshift in the optical spectrum. The application of tensile stress (positive pressure) increases both the lattice constant and bandgap, whereas the dielectric constant, absorption, conductivity, and reflectivity decrease. Conversely, compressive stress (negative pressure) induces the opposite effect. Pressure‐induced variations in the bandgap highlight the potential of NaGeX3 materials to significantly impact the next‐generation solar cells’ development, offering a pathway to more sustainable and efficient energy solutions.
Elucidating and Minimizing the Space‐Charge Layer Effect between NCM Cathode and Li6PS5Cl for Sulfide‐Based Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Chen Ya , Huang Ling , Zhou Deli , Gao Xin , Hu Tengfei , Zhang Zhiyuan , Zhen Zheng , Chen Xiaodong , Cui Lifeng , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical performance of all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) can be significantly improved by addressing the challenges posed by space charge layer (SCL) effect, which plays a crucial role in determining Li+ ions transport kinetic at cathodic interface. Therefore, it is critical to realize the in situ inspection and visualization of SCL behaviors for solving sluggish Li+ ions transport issues, despite remaining grant challenges. Therewith, the well‐defined model of LiNbO3‐coated NCM (NCM@LNO) cathode is constructed and assembled for the representative Li6PS5Cl‐based ASSLBs, which not only ensures excellent cathodic compatibility, but also preferably enables the better monitoring of Li+ ions transport kinetics. Combining ex situ analysis with DFT calculation, the formation and evolution mechanism of SCL are comprehensively understood, and the relationship between well‐controlled SCL configuration and Li+ electrochemical behavior has been also further illustrated and established through the operando Raman spectroscopy. On these grounds, the preferred NCM@LNO cathodes acquire the enhanced discharge capacity of 90.6% (144.8 mAh g−1) after 100 cycles and it can still deliver the exceptional capacity of 136.2 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles in ASSLBs. Hence, the research will pave up a new perspective for fundamental scientific insight of the SCL and reasonable tailoring of cathodic interface for high‐efficiency ASSLBs.