bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the linkage between low vitamin D and the risk as well as the prognosis of stroke
Authors: Xiong Jianrong , Zhao Chenliang , Li Jinhui , Li Yongxiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe research intended to probe the connection between the risk of stroke and serum vitamin D levels.MethodsThree electronic databases (Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed) were searched according to the subject terms from inception until July 29, 2022, and retrieved researches were screened on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two investigators conducted the quality assessment and data extraction. Using Stata 16.0 software, a meta‐analysis was conducted on the extracted data.FindingsIn total, 27 studies with 45,302 participants were included. Among these studies, 20 focused on stroke risk, while 7 examined stroke prognosis. According to the meta‐analysis findings, it was observed that a higher stroke risk is connected to reduced levels of serum vitamin D. This association was reflected in a combined relative risk (RR) of 1 .28 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15–1.42) and a worse prognosis after stroke (RR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.90–4.60). Additional analysis indicated that no apparent relationship between a decrease in vitamin D and the probability of experiencing a hemorrhagic stroke was found. The RR found was 1.93 (95% CI: 0.95–3.95). On the other hand, it was observed that a reduction in serum vitamin D levels was linked to an elevated likelihood of developing an ischemic stroke. The RR identified was 1.72 (95% CI: 1.78–2.03). Moreover, a lower level of vitamin D in the bloodstream was associated with a more unfavorable prognosis for individuals who suffered from a stroke. The RR for this correlation was 2.95 (95% CI: 1.90–4.60). However, further research is required to confirm the above‐mentioned findings.ConclusionIn conclusion, lower concentration vitamin D was found to be related to an increased risk of stroke, which could mainly be reflected in ischemic stroke patients but not in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. A lower serum vitamin D level was correlative with the poor prognosis of stroke.
Integrative network analysis of transcriptomics data reveals potential prognostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer
Authors: Mahajan Mohita , Sarkar Angshuman , Mondal Sukanta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionCross‐talk among biological pathways is essential for normal biological function and plays a significant role in cancer progression. Through integrated network analysis, this study explores the significance of pathway cross‐talk in colorectal cancer (CRC) development at both the pathway and gene levels.MethodsIn this study, we integrated the gene expression data with domain knowledge to construct state‐dependent pathway cross‐talk networks. The significance of the genes involved in pathway cross‐talk was assessed by analyzing their association with cancer hallmarks, disease‐gene relation, genetic alterations, and survival analysis. We also analyzed the gene regulatory network to identify the dysregulated genes and their role in CRC progression.ResultsCross‐talk was observed between immune‐related pathways and pathways associated with cell communication and signaling. The PTPRC gene was identified as a mediator, facilitating interactions within the immune system and other signaling pathways. The rewired interactions of ITGA7 were identified as influential in the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in CRC. This study also highlighted the crucial link between cell communication and vascular smooth muscle contraction pathway in CRC progression. The survival analysis of identified gene clusters showed their significant prognostic value in distinguishing high‐risk from low‐risk CRC groups, and L1000CDS2 revealed seven potential drug molecules in CRC. Nine dysregulated genes (CTNNB1, EP300, JUN, MYC, NFKB1, RELA, SP1, STAT1, and TP53) emerge as transcription factors acting as common regulators across various pathways.ConclusionsThis study highlights the crucial role of pathway cross‐talk in CRC progression and identified the potential prognostic biomarkers and potential drug molecules.
Toward comprehensive Chiroptera modeling: A parametric multiagent model for bat behavior
Authors: Marney Brendan , Haworth Brandon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChiroptera behavior is complex and often unseen as bats are nocturnal, small, and elusive animals. Chiroptology has led to significant insights into the behavior and environmental interactions of bats. Biology, ecology, and even digital media often benefit from mathematical models of animals including humans. However, the history of Chiroptera modeling is often limited to specific behaviors, species, or biological functions and relies heavily on classical modeling methodologies that may not fully represent individuals or colonies well. This work proposes a continuous, parametric, multiagent, Chiroptera behavior model that captures the latest research in echolocation, hunting, and energetics of bats. This includes echolocation‐based perception (or lack thereof), hunting patterns, roosting behavior, and energy consumption rates. We proposed the integration of these mathematical models in a framework that affords the individual simulation of bats within large‐scale colonies. Practitioners can adjust the model to account for different perceptual affordances or patterns among species of bats, or even individuals (such as sickness or injury). We show that our model closely matches results from the literature, affords an animated graphical simulation, and has utility in simulation‐based studies.
Mastering broom‐like tools for object transportation animation using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Liu Guan‐Ting , Wong Sai‐Keung 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement‐based approach to generate an animation of an agent using a broom‐like tool to transport a target object. The tool is attached to the agent. So when the agent moves, the tool moves as well.The challenge is to control the agent to move and use the tool to push the target while avoiding obstacles. We propose a direction sensor to guide the agent's movement direction in environments with static obstacles. Furthermore, different rewards and a curriculum learning are implemented to make the agent efficiently learn skills for manipulating the tool. Experimental results show that the agent can naturally control the tool with different shapes to transport target objects. The result of ablation tests revealed the impacts of the rewards and some state components.
Good's syndrome combined with CMV gastroenteritis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Li Xiaoran , Liu Yanbin 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageGood's syndrome (GS) presents with thymoma, hypogammaglobulinemia, and recurrent infection. The manifestations of patients diagnosed with GS and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) gastroenteritis are rare and non‐specific. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the prognosis of the rare disease.AbstractGood's syndrome (GS), a rare acquired immunodeficiency condition, is characterized by thymoma, hypogammaglobulinemia, and low peripheral B‐lymphocyte count. GS tends to occur in individuals aged 40–60 years, resulting in increased risk of recurrent infections with various conditional pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause pneumonia, retinitis, encephalitis, and enteritis in GS patient, but CMV infection in the alimentary tract is usually underestimated, delayed diagnosed and misdiagnosed. In this study, we reported a female patient with GS and chronic diarrhea due to CMV infection and reviewed the literature to conclude the characteristics of this rare condition to improve the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of CMV gastroenteritis in patients with GS.
Congenital lymphatic dysplasia and severe bone disease in a term neonate with a novel homozygous PIEZO1 variant
Authors: Ketchum Elizabeth H. , Groomes Charles L. , Ghersi Alexis N. , Graziose Brian B. , Wilson Sharen C. , Zven Sidney E. , Hicks Rebecca L. , Langley William A. , Reott Michael A. , Schacht John P. , Schulz Elizabeth V. , Curtis Jerri 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageWe report a patient with nonimmune fetal hydrops and multiple pathologic fractures. RNA analysis revealed a novel PIEZO1 variant. This report is the first to elucidate PIEZO1's role as a critical regulator of bone mass and strength.
Combination of Co Single Atom and MoS2 Antisite Defect for Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Methanation: A Rational Design at Electronic Scale
Authors: Gao Xiangyu , Wang Tong‐Hui , Wen Zi , Jiang Qing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMethane, the simplest hydrocarbon, has a high energy density and is widely used as chemical feedstocks or fuels. Converting CO2 to methane through electrochemical reduction offers a promising strategy for managing the global carbon balance, but is a challenge due to the lack of effective electrocatalysts. Herein, the Co single atom catalyst supported by MoS2 antisite defect (Co‐MoS2) is designed from both the activity and selectivity aspects. By virtue of i) moderately electron‐deficient state (Coδ+) ensuring efficient CO2 activation and HER suppression; ii) the strong adsorption capability for intermediate enhancing selectivity; iii) the single atomic active site avoiding the formation of C2 products, Co‐MoS2 could selectively convert CO2 to CH4 with a limiting potential of −0.45 V vs. RHE, which outperforms most of the present catalysts, and is expected to be a promising substitution for Cu‐based catalysts.
Dual pH and Ca2+‐Responsive PEG‐Modified Pillar[5]arene‐Based Supramolecular Nanodrug Delivery System: Excellent Cargo Encapsulation and Minimal Drug Toxicity
Authors: Shao Haojie , Duan Wengui , Huang Yan , Zhang Yanjun , Liu Luzhi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChemotherapy is one of the most employed strategies in clinical treatment of cancer. However, reducing medication adverse effects and improving the biological activity remains a significant issue for chemotherapy. We developed a pH and Ca2+‐responsive pillar[5]arene‐based supramolecular nanodrug delivery system (NDDS) WP5⊃EV@DOX to address the aforementioned challenges. The formation of this NDDS began with the spontaneous formation of supramolecular nanodrug carrier WP5⊃EV in water from PEG‐modified pillar[5]arene and the bipyridilium salt derivative EV through simple host‐guest interaction. Then the antitumor drug doxorubicin DOX was efficiently loaded with a high encapsulation rate of 84.6 %. Cytotoxicity results indicated that the constructed nanoplatform not only reduced DOX toxicity and side effects on normal cell (293T), but also significantly enhanced the antitumor activity on cancer cell (HepG2). Moreover, in vivo experiments showed that WP5⊃EV@DOX had a longer half‐life and higher bioavailability in the blood of mice compared to the nake drug DOX, with increases to 212 % and 179 %, respectively. Therefore, WP5⊃EV@DOX has great potential in tumor therapy and provides a new idea for host‐guest drug delivery system.
Channel and misalignment characterization for simultaneous wireless power and data transfer system based on moving average filter
Authors: Da Chaolai , Li Fang , Gan Haiqing , Nie Ming , Wang Lifang , Tao Chengxuan , Li Shufan , Jiao Xize 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the channel and misalignment characteristics of a simultaneous wireless power and data transfer (SWPDT) system. Cross talk from the power channel to the data channel in case of misalignment can reduce the reliability of the communication system. To address this problem, this paper proposed to use the moving average filter in the field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) to obtain the optimal threshold and recover the baseband data adaptively. First, considering the parasitic capacitance of high‐frequency data coil, this paper presents a design method for DDQ coil applied in SWPDT systems. Then, the characteristics of the power channel and data channel are analyzed. In addition, the properties of the system are investigated in case of misalignment and the principle of the demodulation in FPGA is presented. Finally, a 1.5 kW prototype proved the correctness of the theoretical analysis in this paper, which can achieve a 500 kb/s communication rate. Meanwhile, the experimental results show that the SWPDT system proposed in this paper can provide reliable communication within 15% of misalignment in both the x‐ and y‐directions.
A novel impedance modeling and stability analysis paradigm of microgrids consisting of virtual synchronous generators and constant power loads
Authors: Ge Jiwei , Han Yang , Zhou Siyu , Yang Ping , Zalhaf Amr S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe application of virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) in power systems is gradually increasing to address the low inertia issue caused by the high penetration of renewable energy sources. Besides, the stability of microgrids (MGs) is threatened by constant power loads (CPLs) consisting of power electronic converters with closed‐loop controllers. To investigate the stability of the MG composed of VSG and CPL, this paper analyzes the operational principles of VSG and CPL, revealing that only the bipolar switch logic function is suitable for establishing a closed‐loop model if the output of the inner‐loop controller is considered as the duty cycle of the PWM signal. Furthermore, the closed‐loop impedance models of VSG and CPL were established in the dq frame. Impedance‐based analysis results show that the MG is prone to oscillation in the mid‐band. Therefore, the active power loop parameters of the VSG have a small impact on the stability of the MG, while the LC filter and inner loop controllers have a greater impact on the stability. Based on the oscillation mechanism and passivity theory, the impedance reshaping strategy for VSG and CPL is proposed. It is verified that the proposed control strategy can significantly improve the stability of the MG through the comparison of simulation results and theoretical analysis.
First automatic size measurements for the separation of dwarf birch and tree birch pollen in MIS 6 to MIS 1 records from Northern Germany
Authors: Theuerkauf Martin , Nehring Elias , Gillert Alexander , Bodien Philipp Morten , Hein Michael , Urban Brigitte 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDuring past glacial periods, the land cover of Northern Eurasia and North America repeatedly shifted between open steppe tundra and boreal/temperate forest. Tracking these changes and estimating the coverage of open versus forested vegetation in past glacial and interglacial landscapes is notoriously difficult because the characteristic dwarf birches of the tundra and the tree birches of the boreal and temperate forests produce similar pollen grains that are difficult to distinguish in the pollen record. One objective approach to separating dwarf birch pollen from tree birch pollen is to use grain size statistics. However, the required grain size measurements are time‐consuming and, therefore, rarely produced. Here, we present an approach to automatic size measurement based on image recognition with convolutional neural networks and machine learning. It includes three main steps. First, the TOFSI algorithm is applied to detect and classify pollen, including birch pollen, in lake sediment samples. Second, a Resnet‐18 neural network is applied to select the birch pollen suitable for measurement. Third, semantic segmentation is applied to detect the outline and the area and mean width of each detected birch pollen grain. Test applications with two pollen records from Northern Germany, one covering the Lateglacial‐Early Holocene transition and the other covering the Mid to Late Pleistocene transition, show that the new technical approach is well suited to measure the area and mean width of birch pollen rapidly (>1000 per hour) and with high accuracy. Our new network‐based tool facilitates more regular size measurements of birch pollen. Expanded analysis of modern birch pollen will help to better understand size variations in birch pollen between birch species and in response to environmental factors as well as differential sample preparation. Analysis of fossil samples will allow better quantification of dwarf birch versus tree birch in past environments.
Behavioural responses of brown bears to roads and hunting disturbance
Authors: Brown Ludovick , Zedrosser Andreas , Kindberg Jonas , Pelletier Fanie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHarvest regulations commonly attenuate the consequences of hunting on specific segments of a population. However, regulations may not protect individuals from non‐lethal effects of hunting and their consequences remain poorly understood. In this study, we compared the movement rates of Scandinavian brown bears (Ursus arctos, n = 47) across spatiotemporal variations in risk in relation to the onset of bear hunting. We tested two alternative hypotheses based on whether behavioural responses to hunting involve hiding or escaping. If bears try to reduce risk exposure by avoiding being detected by hunters, we expect individuals from all demographic groups to reduce their movement rate during the hunting season. On the other hand, if bears avoid hunters by escaping, we expect them to increase their movement rate in order to leave high‐risk areas faster. We found an increased movement rate in females accompanied by dependent offspring during the morning hours of the bear hunting season, a general decrease in movement rate in adult lone females, and no changes in males and subadult females. The increased movement rate that we observed in females with dependant offspring during the hunting season was likely an antipredator response because it only occurred in areas located closer to roads, whereas the decreased movement rate in lone females could be either part of seasonal activity patterns or be associated with an increased selection for better concealment. Our study suggests that female brown bears accompanied by offspring likely move faster in high‐risk areas to minimize risk exposure as well as the costly trade‐offs (i.e. time spent foraging vs. time spent hiding) typically associated with anti‐predator tactics that involve changes in resource selection. Our study also highlights the importance of modelling fine‐scale spatiotemporal variations in risk to adequately capture the complexity in behavioural responses caused by human activities in wildlife.
Current and future environmental suitability for bats hosting potential zoonotic pathogens in rural Kenya
Authors: Uusitalo Ruut J. , Jackson Reilly T. , Lunn Tamika J. , Korhonen Essi M. , Ogola Joseph G. , Webala Paul W. , Sironen Tarja A. , Forbes Kristian M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSynanthropic bats live in close proximity to humans and domestic animals, creating opportunities for potential pathogen spillover. We explored environmental correlates of occurrence for a widely distributed synanthropic African bat, Mops pumilus—a species associated with potential zoonotic viruses—and estimated current and future environmental suitability in the Taita Hills region and surrounding plains in Taita–Taveta County in southeast Kenya. To project future environmental suitability, we used four Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 general circulation models that capture temperature and precipitation changes for East Africa. The models were parameterized with empirical capture data of M. pumilus collected from 2016 to 2023, combined with satellite‐based vegetation, topographic, and climatic data to identify responses to environmental factors. The strongest drivers for current environmental suitability for M. pumilus were short distance to rivers, higher precipitation during the driest months, sparse vegetation—often related to urban areas—and low yearly temperature variation. To predict current and future areas suitable for M. pumilus, we created ensemble niche models, which yielded excellent predictive accuracies. Current suitable environments were located southward from the central and southern Taita Hills and surrounding plains, overlapping with urban centers with the highest human population densities in the area. Future projections for 2050 indicated a moderate increase in suitability range in the southern portion of the region and surrounding plains in human‐dominated areas; however, projections for 2090 showed a slight contraction of environmental suitability for M. pumilus, potentially due to the negative impact of increased temperatures. These results show how environmental changes are likely to impact the human exposure risk of bat‐borne pathogens and could help public health officials develop strategies to prevent these risks in Taita–Taveta County, Kenya, and other parts of Africa.
Biologically active adrenomedullin as a marker for residual congestion and early rehospitalization in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure: Data from STRONG‐HF
Authors: Voordes Geert H.D. , Davison Beth , Biegus Jan , Edwards Christopher , Damman Kevin , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Mebazaa Alexandre , Takagi Koji , Adamo Marianna , Ambrosy Andrew P. , Arrigo Mattia , Barros Marianela , Celutkiene Jelena , Čerlinskaitė‐Bajorė Kamilė , Chioncel Ovidiu , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Damasceno Albertino , Deniau Benjamin , Diaz Rafael , Filippatos Gerasimos , Gayat Etienne , Kimmoun Antoine , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Metra Marco , Novosadova Maria , Pagnesi Matteo , Pang Peter , Ponikowski Piotr , Saidu Hadiza , Sliwa Karen , Tomasoni Daniela , Cotter Gad , Voors Adriaan A. 
Published: June 2024

AimsBiologically active adrenomedullin (bio‐ADM) is a promising marker of residual congestion. The STRONG‐HF trial showed that high‐intensity care (HIC) of guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) improved congestion and clinical outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients. The association between bio‐ADM, decongestion, outcomes and the effect size of HIC of GDMT remains to be elucidated.Methods and resultsWe measured plasma bio‐ADM concentrations in 1005 patients within 2 days prior to anticipated discharge (baseline) and 90 days later. Bio‐ADM correlated with most signs of congestion, with the exception of rales. Changes in bio‐ADM were strongly correlated with change in congestion status from baseline to day 90 (gamma −0.24; p = 0.0001). Patients in the highest tertile of baseline bio‐ADM concentrations were at greater risk than patients in the lowest tertile for the primary outcome of 180‐day all‐cause mortality or HF rehospitalization (hazard ratio [HR] 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42–3.22) and 180‐day HF rehospitalization (HR 2.33, 95% CI 1.38–3.94). Areas under the receiver‐operating characteristic curves were 0.5977 (95% CI 0.5561–0.6393), 0.5800 (95% CI 0.5356–0.6243), and 0.6159 (95% CI 0.5711–0.6607) for bio‐ADM, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and their combination, respectively, suggesting that both bio‐ADM and NT‐proBNP provided similarly modest discrimination for this outcome. A trend towards better discrimination by combined bio‐ADM and NT‐proBNP than NT‐proBNP alone was found (p = 0.059). HIC improved the primary outcome, irrespective of baseline bio‐ADM concentration (interaction p = 0.37). In contrast to NT‐proBNP, the 90‐day change in bio‐ADM did not differ significantly between HIC and usual care.ConclusionsBio‐ADM is a marker of congestion and predicts congestion at 3 months after a HF hospitalization. Higher bio‐ADM was modestly associated with a higher risk of death and early hospital readmission and may have added value when combined with NT‐proBNP.