bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gangrène des organes génitaux externes (GOGE): traitement chirurgical et reconstruction plastique
Authors: Dekou A. , Konan P. -G. , Gowe E. , Vodi C. , Kouame B. , Fofana A. , Ouegnin G. -A. , Manzan K. 
Published: November 2011

Résumé

Buts
Présenter notre contribution à la reconstruction chirurgicale de la gangrène des organes génitaux externes (GOGE), selon les lésions.

Matériel et méthodes
Il s’agit d’une étude rétroprospective, portant sur 14 patients traités et guéris dans le service d’urologie du CHU de Cocody à Abidjan, de GOGE entre janvier 2000 et juin 2009.

Résultats
L’âge moyen des patients était de 39 (20–67) ans. Tous étaient des hommes de race noire. Ils présentaient tous un tableau infectieux traité par une réanimation hydroélectrolytique et une triantibiothérapie. Les lésions cutanées observées intéressaient les organes génitaux externes (OGE) dans neuf cas (64,29 %), puis le scrotum et le périnée dans cinq cas (35,71 %). Toutes les lésions cutanées ont été décapées, suivies de pansements locaux. Ainsi, 14 patients (100 %) ont été guéris, complètement cicatrisés, dont trois cas (21,43 %) de lésions scrotales minimes qui ont cicatrisé spontanément à la suite de pansement uniquement, neuf patients (64,29 %) ont cicatrisé à la suite de suture sans tension de la peau scrotale après débridement, décollement, enfin deux patients (14,28 %) avaient cicatrisé après une greffe de peau mince prélevée à la face interne de la cuisse pour plaie périnéopénoscrotale étendue, d’une part, et, d’autre part, pour une perte complète du fourreau pénien. Conclusion: La GOGE est une affection grave, qui réalise, d’une part, une toxi-infection traitée par une réanimation et une triantibiothérapie, d’autre part, des lésions cutanées plus ou moins étendues nécessitant débridement, décapage, pansement, puis une reconstruction chirurgicale plastique qui restaure un environnement pénoscrotal adéquat qui ne compromette pas la qualité des rapports sexuels ainsi que la fonction de reproduction des testicules, surtout chez le sujet jeune.
Is maternal smoking during pregnancy a causal environmental risk factor for adolescent antisocial behavior? Testing etiological theories and assumptions
Authors: D'Onofrio B. M. , Van Hulle C. A. , Goodnight J. A. , Rathouz P. J. , Lahey B. B. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundAlthough many studies indicate that maternal smoking during pregnancy (SDP) is correlated with later offspring antisocial behavior (ASB), recent quasi-experimental studies suggest that background familial factors confound the association. The present study sought to test alternative etiological hypotheses using multiple indices of adolescent ASB, comparing differentially exposed siblings, and testing assumptions in the sibling-comparison design.MethodThe study examined the association between maternal SDP and adolescent-reported ASB, criminal convictions and membership in a group of individuals with early-starting and chronic ASB among 6066 offspring of women from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, a representative sample of women in the USA. The analyses controlled for statistical covariates and examined associations while comparing differentially exposed siblings.ResultsAt the population level, each additional pack of cigarettes per day predicted greater mean adolescent-reported ASB symptoms [ratio of means 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.22], odds of being in the top 10% of ASB [odds ratio (OR) 1.34, 95% CI 1.10–1.65], hazard of a criminal conviction [hazard ratio (HR) 1.51, 95% CI 1.34–1.68] and odds of chronic ASB (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.25–1.99). SDP robustly predicted most assessments of ASB while controlling for measured covariates. When siblings exposed to differing levels of SDP were compared, however, all of the associations were attenuated and were not statistically significant: adolescent-reported mean ASB (ratio of means 0.86, 95% CI 0.74–1.01), high ASB (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.41–1.12), criminal conviction (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.66–1.44) and chronic ASB (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.46–1.38).ConclusionsThe results strongly suggest that familial factors account for the correlation between SDP and offspring adolescent ASB, rather than a putative causal environmental influence of SDP.
Association between public views of mental illness and self-stigma among individuals with mental illness in 14 European countries
Authors: Evans-Lacko S. , Brohan E. , Mojtabai R. , Thornicroft G. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundLittle is known about how the views of the public are related to self-stigma among people with mental health problems. Despite increasing activity aimed at reducing mental illness stigma, there is little evidence to guide and inform specific anti-stigma campaign development and messages to be used in mass campaigns. A better understanding of the association between public knowledge, attitudes and behaviours and the internalization of stigma among people with mental health problems is needed.MethodThis study links two large, international datasets to explore the association between public stigma in 14 European countries (Eurobarometer survey) and individual reports of self-stigma, perceived discrimination and empowerment among persons with mental illness (n=1835) residing in those countries [the Global Alliance of Mental Illness Advocacy Networks (GAMIAN) study].ResultsIndividuals with mental illness living in countries with less stigmatizing attitudes, higher rates of help-seeking and treatment utilization and better perceived access to information had lower rates of self-stigma and perceived discrimination and those living in countries where the public felt more comfortable talking to people with mental illness had less self-stigma and felt more empowered.ConclusionsTargeting the general public through mass anti-stigma interventions may lead to a virtuous cycle by disrupting the negative feedback engendered by public stigma, thereby reducing self-stigma among people with mental health problems. A combined approach involving knowledge, attitudes and behaviour is needed; mass interventions that facilitate disclosure and positive social contact may be the most effective. Improving availability of information about mental health issues and facilitating access to care and help-seeking also show promise with regard to stigma.
Depressed mood enhances anxiety to unpredictable threat
Authors: Robinson O. J. , Overstreet C. , Letkiewicz A. , Grillon C. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundDepression and anxiety disorders (ADs) are highly co-morbid, but the reason for this co-morbidity is unclear. One possibility is that they predispose one another. An informative way to examine interactions between disorders without the confounds present in patient populations is to manipulate the psychological processes thought to underlie the pathological states in healthy individuals. In this study we therefore asked whether a model of the sad mood in depression can enhance psychophysiological responses (startle) to a model of the anxiety in ADs. We predicted that sad mood would increase anxious anxiety-potentiated startle responses.MethodIn a between-subjects design, participants (n=36) completed either a sad mood induction procedure (MIP;n=18) or a neutral MIP (n=18). Startle responses were assessed during short-duration predictable electric shock conditions (fear-potentiated startle) or long-duration unpredictable threat of shock conditions (anxiety-potentiated startle).ResultsInduced sadness enhanced anxiety- but not fear-potentiated startle.ConclusionsThis study provides support for the hypothesis that sadness can increase anxious responding measured by the affective startle response. This, taken together with prior evidence that ADs can contribute to depression, provides initial experimental support for the proposition that ADs and depression are frequently co-morbid because they may be mutually reinforcing.
Dynamical properties of profinite actions
Authors: ABÉRT MIKLÓS , ELEK GÁBOR 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe study profinite actions of residually finite groups in terms of weak containment. We show that two strongly ergodic profinite actions of a group are weakly equivalent if and only if they are isomorphic. This allows us to construct continuum many pairwise weakly inequivalent free actions of a large class of groups, including free groups and linear groups with property (T). We also prove that for chains of subgroups of finite index, Lubotzky’s property (τ) is inherited when taking the intersection with a fixed subgroup of finite index. That this is not true for families of subgroups in general leads to the question of Lubotzky and Zuk: for families of subgroups, is property (τ) inherited by the lattice of subgroups generated by the family? On the other hand, we show that for families of normal subgroups of finite index, the above intersection property does hold. In fact, one can give explicit estimates on how the spectral gap changes when passing to the intersection. Our results also have an interesting graph theoretical consequence that does not use the language of groups. Namely, we show that an expanding covering tower of finite regular graphs is either bipartite or stays bounded away from being bipartite in the normalized edge distance.
An improved kinematic model for calibration of serial robots having closed-chain mechanisms
Authors: To Minh , Webb Phil 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYMany industrial robots employ closed-loop actuating elements such as the parallelogram mechanism for increased stiffness. Modeling these manipulators for the purpose of calibration presents a challenge due to complex nonlinear couplings between parameters of the chains. The modeling method presented in this paper involves the integration of the open- and closed-loop elements whose errors can be resolved as linear functions of their parameters. As a result, the model is similar to that of a serial-link robot, which makes it possible to use existing well-defined calibration techniques in the area. Simulation and experimental studies on an industrial robot for verifying the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed model are also described.
Ionosphere response to recurrent geomagnetic activity in 1974
Authors: Fang Tzu‐Wei , Forbes Jeffrey M. 
Published: November 2011

The 9 day variation of Earth's thermosphere neutral density in 2005 and 2006 is known to have been influenced by rotating solar coronal holes and the quasiperiodic solar wind high‐speed streams (HSSs) and by the concomitant recurrent geomagnetic activity that they induce. The corresponding responses in ion temperature, ionospheric electron density, and total electron content have also been reported during the same period. In 1974, a significant 13.5 day periodicity in geomagnetic activity was created by the quasiperiodic HSS associated with two major solar coronal hole regions separated by about 180°. In the present paper, ionospheric F‐region peak plasma density (NmF2) and height (hmF2) in the daytime and nighttime from 12 ionosonde stations are analyzed to delineate the responses to this epoch of HSS forcing of the geospace system. Results show that the ionospheric responses to this 13.5 day periodic forcing are similar in some ways to responses to the 9 day periodicity. For instance, in middle and high latitudes, daytime and nighttime NmF2 is mostly out of phase with the fluctuations in the daily mean Kp index (
), while the daytime hmF2 are in phase with the
fluctuations. Empirical model results confirm the important role of thermal expansion in connecting thermospheric and ionospheric changes driven by high‐speed streams and recurrent geomagnetic activity. At low latitudes, the 13.5 day signatures are not as straightforward as those at middle and high latitudes, and significant spectral energy thought to be connected with planetary waves and perhaps other lower‐atmosphere influences exists at periods of less than 13.5 days.
Contrasting recombination patterns and demographic histories of the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum inferred from MLSA
Authors: Wicker Emmanuel , Lefeuvre Pierre , de Cambiaire Jean-Charles , Lemaire Christophe , Poussier Stéphane , Prior Philippe 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We used multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) on a worldwide collection of the plant pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum (Betaproteobacteria) to retrace its complex evolutionary history. Using genetic imprints left during R. solanacearum evolution, we were able to delineate distinct evolutionary complex displaying contrasting dynamics. Among the phylotypes already described (I, IIA, IIB, III, IV), eight groups of strains with distinct evolutionary patterns, named clades, were identified. From our recombination analysis, we identified 21 recombination events that occurred within and across these lineages. Although appearing the most divergent and ancestral phylotype, phylotype IV was inferred as a gene donor for the majority of the recombination events that we detected. Whereas this phylotype apparently fuelled the species diversity, ongoing diversification was mainly detected within phylotype I, IIA and III. These three groups presented a recent expanding population structure, a high level of homologous recombination and evidences of long-distance migrations. Factors such as adaptation to a specific host or intense trading of infected crops may have promoted this diversification. Whether R. solanacearum lineages will eventually evolve in distinct species remains an open question. The intensification of cropping and increase of geographical dispersion may favour situations of phylotype sympatry and promote higher exchange of key factors for host adaptation from their common genetic pool.
ANN Based Virtual Classification Model for Discriminating Active and Inactive Withanolide E Analogs against Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7
Authors: Prakash Om , Khan Feroz , Sangwan R.S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWithanolides are a group of natural C-28 steroids built on an ergostane skeleton and classified into two major groups according to their structural skeleton: (a) compounds with a beta-oriented side chain and (b) compounds with an alpha-oriented side chain. Withanolide E represents one of the members of the latter group. Classification of active compounds on the basis of pharmacophore against specific cancer cell line poses a serious concern at the primary stage of virtual screening. To overcome this problem we have developed an artificial neural network based virtual screening model for discriminating active and non-active Withanolide-E-like derivatives or analogs against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. In the present work, a 2D chemical descriptors ensemble pharmacophore has been modelled on the basis of withanolide E structural featured molecules. The ANN structure activity based classification model could be useful for identification of active withanolide analogs as anticancer leads against MCF-7. This model can be used for predicting possible growth inhibitory concentration (logGI50) against breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The virtual screening tool “CanWithaANN” can be accessed at local network of CIMAP.
The Reproductive Biology of Siscowet and Lean Lake Trout in Southern Lake Superior
Authors: Goetz Frederick , Sitar Shawn , Rosauer Daniel , Swanson Penny , Bronte Charles R. , Dickey Jon , Simchick Crystal 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLean and siscowet morphotypes of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Superior are thought to be genetically separate, but the reproductive isolating mechanism is unknown. The testicular and ovarian cycles and reproductive hormone levels of these morphotypes were determined from May to October in populations east and west of the Keweenaw Peninsula in southern Lake Superior. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) increased from August to October for lean and siscowet males and females east of the Keweenaw Peninsula and for siscowets west of the Keweenaw Peninsula. Circulating estradiol‐17β (E2) levels and ovarian GSIs increased simultaneously in females of both morphotypes. However, circulating 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐KT) levels in lean and siscowet males were not significantly elevated until October even though testicular GSIs increased by August. Transcripts of the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) beta subunit (an indirect measure of FSH activity) increased in lean and siscowet males and females during August and September, when GSIs were increasing for both morphotypes. The seasonal changes in GSIs and hormone levels indicate that both lean and siscowet individuals in southern Lake Superior populations undergo reproductive maturation at the same time in the fall; therefore, reproductive timing does not appear to genetically isolate the morphotypes in these populations. A proportion of the sampled females (lean lake trout: 54%; siscowets: 42%) exhibited no increase in GSI from August to October, strongly suggesting that in any given year some proportion of the population does not reproduce. This was also observed in males but at a lower percentage (19–20%). Fish that did not have maturing gonads from August to October also had lower E2 and 11‐KT levels than maturing fish. Fecundity measured for lean and siscowet lake trout was not statistically different and was similar to historical values.
Time-course network analysis reveals TNF-α can promote G1/S transition of cell cycle in vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Chen Yang , Gu Jin , Li Dan , Li Shao 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a major inflammatory cytokine, is closely related to several cardiovascular pathological processes. However, its effects on the cell cycle of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) have been the subject of some controversy. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying this process, we constructed time-course protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks of TNF-α induced regulation of cell cycle in VECs using microarray datasets and genome-wide PPI datasets. Then, we analyzed the topological properties of the responsive PPI networks and calculated the node degree and node betweenness centralization of each gene in the networks. We found that p21, p27 and cyclinD1, key genes of the G1/S checkpoint, are in the center of responsive PPI networks and their roles in PPI networks are significantly altered with induction of TNF-α. According to the following biological experiments, we proved that TNF-α can promote G1/S transition of cell cycle in VECs and facilitate the cell cycle activation induced by vascular endothelial growth factor.
Contact: shaoli@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Greater prevalence of proposed DSM‐5 nicotine use disorder compared to DSM‐IV nicotine dependence in treated adolescents and young adults
Authors: Chung Tammy , Martin Christopher S. , Maisto Stephen A. , Cornelius Jack R. , Clark Duncan B. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTAims  Compared to DSM‐IV nicotine dependence, proposed DSM‐5 nicotine use disorder (NUD) would lower the threshold from three to two symptoms, and increase the number of criteria used for diagnosis from seven to 11. The impact of the proposed changes on nicotine disorder prevalence and the concurrent validity of diagnostic criteria were examined.Design  Cross‐sectional survey to compare DSM‐IV and proposed DSM‐5 algorithms.Setting and participants  Adolescent (n = 179) and young adult (n = 292) past‐year cigarette users recruited from addictions treatment.Measurements  Semi‐structured clinical interview to evaluate DSM‐IV nicotine dependence, and 10 of the 11 proposed DSM‐5 NUD criteria; 30‐day time‐line follow‐back; and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).Findings  Prevalence of proposed DSM‐5 NUD (two‐symptom threshold) was much higher (adolescents: 68.7%, young adults: 86.0%) than DSM‐IV nicotine dependence (33.0% and 59.6%, respectively), although prevalence of DSM‐5 severe NUD (four‐symptom threshold) was similar to DSM‐IV nicotine dependence. Concurrent validity analyses in both samples indicated consistent support for DSM‐5 severe NUD diagnosis (four symptoms) but not for the moderate NUD (two symptoms) diagnosis, which had modest relations with only FTND score. IRT analyses indicated strong support for the new craving item, but not for the proposed interpersonal problems and hazardous use items.Conclusions  The proposed DSM‐5 nicotine use disorder criteria have substantial limitations when applied to adolescents and young adults, and appear to have low concurrent validity.
Impaired phagocytosis among patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus: implication for a role of highly active anti-retroviral therapy
Authors: Michailidis C , Giannopoulos G , Vigklis V , Armenis K , Tsakris A , Gargalianos P 
Published: November 2011

Summary
In patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, neutrophil and monocyte functions, including phagocytosis, are impaired. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes of phagocytic function and respiratory burst occurring over the course of patients infected by the HIV-1 virus. Treatment-naive patients (group B), patients receiving highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART) (group C) and patients in which HAART has failed (group D) were studied and compared with healthy volunteers (group A). Phagocytosis and oxidative burst were evaluated using commercially available kits. Results clearly denote a significant decrease of the phagocytic function of both cell types of groups B and C compared with group A. Among group C patients, those in the upper quartile of CD4 increase had higher oxidative burst compared with patients of the other quartiles. In addition, comparisons clearly showed a lower degree of phagocytic function and of oxidative burst of both monocytes and neutrophils of group D compared with group B. Finally, it was found that monocyte and neutrophil function was correlated inversely to the change in viral load, i.e. the greater the decrease of viral load, the better the phagocytic and oxidative activity. Innate immunity defects appear to be present in HIV-positive patients, regarding phagocytic activity and oxidative burst of monocytes and neutrophils. These defects are greatly influenced by the level of treatment efficacy, with emphasis on CD4 cell counts and viral load.
Focal active colitis: a prospective study of clinicopathological correlations in 90 patients
Authors: Shetty Sharan , Anjarwalla Salim M , Gupta Jyoti , Foy Chris J W , Shaw Ian S , Valori Roland M , Shepherd Neil A 
Published: November 2011

Shetty S, Anjarwalla S M, Gupta J, Foy C J W, Shaw I S, Valori R M & Shepherd N A  (2011) Histopathology59, 850–856Focal active colitis: a prospective study of clinicopathological correlations in 90 patientsAims:  Considerable controversy exists about the clinical implication of a diagnosis of focal active colitis (FAC). The aim of this study was to assess clinicopathological correlations of FAC in 90 adults, representing the largest and only prospective series of FAC.Methods and results:  Patients were assessed by comprehensive clinical follow‐up and questionnaires. Fifteen histopathological features were scored and correlated with clinical outcome. In 24% of patients drugs, especially NSAIDs, were implicated. Infection was a probable cause in 19%. In 14 patients (15.6%), predominantly women, a diagnosis of chronic inflammatory bowel disease was ultimately made. Most were Crohn’s disease, but this is the first study in which FAC has presaged an ultimate diagnosis of ulcerative colitis in adults (in two patients). A specific subtype of FAC, termed basal FAC, was significantly associated with drugs. These excepted, this study has found no histopathological parameters of FAC, such as amount, location and/or distribution, to correlate with clinical outcome or allowed selection of those patients more likely to show subsequent evidence of chronic inflammatory bowel disease.Conclusion:  This study has provided powerful information on the implication of a diagnosis of FAC. In a small but not inconsiderable case number, the ultimate diagnosis will be chronic inflammatory bowel disease.