bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐phase state estimation in transmission networks with unbalanced loading utilising SCADA measurements
Authors: Mofidnakhaei Mohammad Sadeq , Dobakhshari Ahmad Salehi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractState estimation stands as one of the most crucial applications in energy management systems of control centres, ensuring the secure operation of the power system. The real‐time availability of accurate system variables, including voltages, currents, and power flows, presents an excellent opportunity to consider the actual network characteristics, including imbalances. This paper presents a linear and non‐iterative method to solve the three‐phase state estimation problem in transmission systems with unbalanced loading. The method utilises supervisory control and data acquisition measurements obtained from remote terminal units. The formulation is based on complex variables derived from traditional supervisory control and data acquisition measurements, with assumptions made regarding the availability of certain three‐phase bus voltages, as well as a number of three‐phase currents and active and reactive power flows. The proposed algorithm employs the classical weighted least squares technique for solving the three‐phase state estimation problem. Due to its straightforward and linear nature, the method ensures no convergence issues. To validate its effectiveness, the proposed method is validated on a three‐bus network and the IEEE 39‐bus network simulated using the three‐phase model within the DIgSILENT Power Factory environment.
Three‐dimensional interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging of ship target based on cubic phase signal model
Authors: Yang Junting , Wang Yong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar (InISAR) system realises the interferometric processing on the imaging results obtained from three radars on a set of orthogonal baselines and can get the three‐dimensional (3D) imaging for the ship target. The ship targets experience complex motion characteristics such as roll, pitch and yaw in the course of navigation. These motions lead to the blurred two‐dimensional (2D) images and further affect the interference performance during the InISAR procedure. Therefore, this paper proposes a 3D InISAR imaging algorithm for the ship targets based on the cubic phase signal (CPS) model. This method approximates the azimuth echo signal as a CPS and utilises the particle swarm optimization algorithm to estimate the higher‐order phase coefficients. While preserving the phase information, the 3D image result can be achieved by the interference processing between the high‐resolution 2D images. The effectiveness of the algorithm is validated through the simulation experiments under different baseline lengths and signal‐to‐noise ratios.
Die aktuelle ambulante psychotherapeutische Versorgung von Menschen
mit Migrations- und Fluchterfahrung in Deutschland – Eine
Übersicht
Authors: Nohr Laura , Dumke Lars , Klein Eva M. , Wilker Sarah 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungObwohl psychische Gesundheit ein Menschenrecht ist, gelingt es selbst in einem
Land mit einem gut entwickelten Gesundheitssystem wie Deutschland nicht, allen
Menschen unabhängig von ihrer Herkunft diskriminierungsfreien Zugang zu
psychischer Versorgung zu gewährleisten. Menschen mit Flucht-oder
Migrationsgeschichte haben es besonders schwer, Zugang zu adäquater
psychotherapeutischer Versorgung zu erhalten. Diese Übersichtsarbeit widmet sich
zentralen Barrieren, die zur ambulanten Unterversorgung von Menschen mit Flucht-
oder Migrationsgeschichte beitragen. Als wichtigste Barrieren mit ausreichender
Evidenz wurden fehlendes Wissen über das Behandlungssystem, Angst vor Stigma,
strukturelle Barrieren, Sprachbarrieren, fehlende Vernetzung der
Versorgungslandschaft, mangelndes Wissen der Behandler:innen, sowie Stereotype,
Diskriminierung und Rassismus gegenüber Menschen mit Flucht- oder
Migrationsgeschichte identifiziert. Zur Ermöglichung eines
diskriminierungsfreien Zugangs zu Behandlung können innovative Konzepte wie
Peer-Angebote beitragen. Darüber hinaus ist es dringend erforderlich, die
Berufsgruppe der Psychotherapeut:innen in rassismus- und
diskriminierungssensiblen Arbeiten zu schulen, und diese Aspekte in die Aus- und
Weiterbildung von Therapeut:innen zu integrieren.
Photoredox- and Cobalt-Cocatalyzed Dehydrogenative Ring-Opening/Functionalization of Monodonor Cyclopropanes
Authors: Zuo Zhijun , Zhang Jiyao , Huang Haohao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCatalytic ring-opening/functionalization of unactive cyclopropanes has proven to be a significant but challenging task in organic synthesis. Herein, we disclose the photoredox and cobalt cocatalyzed ring-opening/acceptorless dehydrogenative functionalization of monodonor cyclopropanes, which provides a promising platform to achieve a sustainable and atom-economic approach to assemble allylic N-acyl-acetal derivatives. The reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scopes, and excellent functional group compatibilities. The optimized conditions accommodate various cycloalkylamides and primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, with applications in late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant compounds, stimulating the further utility in medicinal chemistry. Selective nucleophilic substitutions and further transformations of desired products with various carbon nucleophiles were succeed in a one-pot fashion, thus offering diverse acyclic or cyclic derivatives.1	Introduction2	Cooperative Photoredox and Cobalt-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Functionalization of Allylic N-Acyl-acetal Derivatives3	Mechanistic Study4	Preliminary Studies of Asymmetric Transformation5	Conclusion and Perspectives
Recent Advances in Gold-Catalyzed Transformations of Vinyldiazo Reagents
Authors: López Luis A. , Bernardo Olaya , García-Martínez Patricia , Santamaría Javier 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSince their discovery in 2011, gold-catalyzed transformations of vinyldiazo compounds have become an important synthetic tool, enabling the identification of new reaction patterns that have greatly expanded the versatility of these reagents. In this short review, we showcase the most relevant advances that have been made in this exciting area of research.1	Introduction2	Gold-Catalyzed Transformations of Vinyldiazo Compounds	Involving Metal Carbene Intermediates2.1	Liu’s Seminal Work: Vinylogous Reactivity of Au(I) Vinyl Carbenes2.2	Gold-Catalyzed Reactions of Vinyldiazo Compounds with Alkenes2.3	Gold-Catalyzed Reactions of Vinyldiazo Compounds with Alkynes2.4	Gold-Catalyzed Reactions of Vinyldiazo Compounds with Allenes2.5	Gold-Catalyzed Reactions of Vinyldiazo Reagents with Aromatic	Compounds2.6	Gold-Catalyzed Reactions of Vinyldiazo Compounds with Nitriles2.7	Gold-Catalyzed Diazo Cross-Couplings3	Gold-Catalyzed Transformations of Vinyldiazo Compounds That	Do Not Involve Initial Dinitrogen Extrusion3.1	Gold-Catalyzed Formal [n+2] Cycloaddition Reactions through	the Vinyl Moiety of Vinyldiazo Compounds3.2	Gold-Catalyzed Transformations of Vinyldiazo Compounds	Involving Initial Activation of the Non-Diazo Reagent4	Conclusions
Efficient Synthesis of Esters by Cleavage of C–S and C–N Bonds via Alkylation and Activation of Thioamides
Authors: Gururaja Guddeangadi N. , Vankar Jigarkumar K. , Jadav Jaydeepbhai P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA mild and efficient reaction for synthesizing esters from thioamide precursors has been established. This method is accomplished in one pot under mild conditions. The process involves the alkylation and activation of inert thioamides, which leads to the cleavage of stable C–N and C–S bonds, eventually resulting in valuable esters with a broad range of substrates. The transformation can be easily carried out at room temperature using thioamide substrates, reactants, and activating agents. This protocol has been demonstrated by synthesizing important esters with applications.
Patient-Based Ratio Method for Permanent Zone Donor Area Calculation in Hair Transplant
Authors: Punia Sudhanshu , Goel Aakanksha , Gupta Amit 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction Most common type of hair loss is androgenetic alopecia. Orentreich's donor dominance theory and the definition of safe donor area are the theoretical foundation of modern hair transplantation. In safe donor area no progression of permanent hair loss occurs. Its knowledge is important to prevent loss of transplanted hair. Estimation is not tailored to every patient, also in early stages, the margins are assumed to be free from future hair loss. Our study is an attempt to find and establish a relationship between safe zone dimensions and other standard scalp dimensions, and effectively predict the complete safe zone in early stages of hair loss.
Materials and Methods From July to December 2022, the first 100 patients with Norwood IV onwards of hair loss were included. Then, the distance between the vertex and the point of change in occipital hair quality and density was measured, and from this point till occipital protuberance were taken. The ratio between the two was taken. In the next 100 patients of Norwood II to IVa, the applicability of the new ratio to assess the permanent zone was used.
Results Ratio method takes into account the patient's measurements, that is, permanent zone and total distance from vertex occiput. The ratio range we got is:Permanent zone: total distance from vertex to occiput: 0.43–0.53Therefore, the permanent zone would be equal to = total distance from vertex to occiput × 0.43–0.53. With the lower limit being the occiput. Over 90% of the patients did not have significant reduction in density of transplanted hair.
Conclusion The authors suggest the use of this ratio method to determine the dimensions of the permanent zone especially in patients with early grades of hair loss as per the Norwood scale. It is a simple, effective, and easily applicable concept that can ensure long-lasting results in patients undergoing hair transplants.
Evaluating Operative Times for Intraoperative Conversion of Axillary Node Biopsy to Axillary Lymph Node Dissection with Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction
Authors: Ahmed Shahnur , Hulsman Luci , Roth Dylan , Fisher Carla , Ludwig Kandice , Imeokparia Folasade O. , VonDerHaar Richard Jason , Lester Mary E. , Hassanein Aladdin H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background Lymphedema can occur in patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and radiation for breast cancer. Immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) is performed to decrease the risk of lymphedema in patients after ALND. Some patients who ultimately require ALND are candidates for attempted sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or targeted axillary excision. In those scenarios, ALND can be performed (1) immediately if frozen sections are positive or (2) as a second operation following permanent pathology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate immediate ALND/ILR following positive intraoperative frozen sections to guide surgical decision-making and operative planning.
Methods A single-center retrospective review was performed (2019–2022) for breast cancer patients undergoing axillary node surgery with breast reconstruction. Patients were divided into two groups: immediate conversion to ALND/ILR (Group 1) and no immediate conversion to ALND (Group 2). Demographic data and operative time were recorded.
Results There were 148 patients who underwent mastectomy, tissue expander (TE) reconstruction, and axillary node surgery. Group 1 included 30 patients who had mastectomy, sentinel node/targeted node biopsy, TE reconstruction, and intraoperative conversion to immediate ALND/ILR. Group 2 had 118 patients who underwent mastectomy with TE reconstruction and SLNB with no ALND or ILR. Operative time for bilateral surgery was 303.1 ± 63.2 minutes in Group 1 compared with 222.6 ± 52.2 minutes in Group 2 (p = 0.001). Operative time in Group 1 patients undergoing unilateral surgery was 252.3 ± 71.6 minutes compared with 171.3 ± 43.2 minutes in Group 2 (p = 0.001).
Conclusion Intraoperative frozen section of sentinel/targeted nodes extended operative time by approximately 80 minutes in patients undergoing mastectomy with breast reconstruction and conversion of SLNB to ALND/ILR. Intraoperative conversion to ALND adds unpredictability to the operation as well as additional potentially unaccounted operative time. However, staging ALND requires an additional operation.
Field Study and Correlative Studies of Factor IX Variant FIX-R338L in Participants Treated with Fidanacogene Elaparvovec
Authors: Pittman Debra D. , Carrieri Charles , Soares Holly , McKay John , Tan Charles Y. , Liang John Z. , Rakhe Swapnil , Marshall Jean-Claude , Murphy John E. , Gaitonde Puneet , Rupon Jeremy 
Published: June 2024

Background Fidanacogene elaparvovec, an adeno-associated virus-based gene therapy vector expressing the high-activity factor IX (FIX) variant FIX-R338L, is in development for hemophilia B. One-stage clotting (OS) assays and chromogenic substrate (CS) assays are commonly used to measure FIX-R338L variant activity. Data from ongoing trials suggest FIX activity varies between different OS and CS assays.
Material and Methods To better understand FIX-R338L activity in clinical samples, an international multisite field study was conducted across a central laboratory and 18 local laboratories, using standard protocols, reagents, and instrumentation, with individual participant samples from a phase 1/2a study of fidanacogene elaparvovec.
Results Unlike the wild-type FIX control, FIX-R338L activity was higher with the OS silica-based assay versus OS ellagic acid–based and CS assays. Variation in FIX activity was greater at the lowest activity levels. Activated FIX (FIXa) in plasma could result in higher OS assay activity or increased thrombin generation, which could overestimate FIX activity. However, FIXa was not detected in the participant samples, indicating that it was not contributing to the OS assay differences. Since individuals on gene therapy may receive exogenous replacement FIX products, replacement products were spiked into patient plasma samples to target a therapeutic concentration. Exogenous FIX was additive to endogenous FIX-R338L, with no interference from FIX-R338L.
Conclusion These results demonstrate FIX-R338L activity can be measured with OS and CS assays in clinical laboratories and provide insight into assay variability when measuring FIX with endogenously produced FIX-R338L. The findings may help establish best practices for measuring FIX-R338L activity (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02484092).
Early Tracheostomy versus Late Tracheostomy in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Nadeem Umar , Fatima Tahreem , Farooq Ayesha , Hassan Umar , Ahmed Arslan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective The aim of this article was to study the impact of early versus late tracheostomy on clinical outcomes of moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Materials and Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Neurosurgery Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, in which a sample size of 50 cases was calculated over a period of 6 months from January 1, 2022, to June 30, 2022. The included cases were patients who suffered from moderate-to-severe TBI, isolated TBI, needed elective ventilation, required intensive care unit (ICU) admission during their hospital stay, and were between the ages of 18 and 65 years. All the rest were excluded. A structured proforma was used by the physician to collect data after the informed consent of the patient. The results were computed and analyzed statistically using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 26.
Results The median age of patients was 40 (interquartile [IQ] range 34) years and were predominantly male (72%). The most common mode of injury was road traffic accidents (58%). The median Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at arrival was 8 (IQ range 6) and the most common pupillary light reflex at presentation was bilaterally equally responsive to light (68%). Neurologic deficits were mostly absent or cannot be assessed on presentation (86%) and in 38% of the cases multiple findings were noted on computed tomography (CT) scan while among single findings seen on CT scan, subdural hematoma was the most common (22%). Multiple regression analysis was done through two separate models using age, gender, mode of injury, presenting GCS score, number of CT-scan findings, number of days after endotracheal intubation after which tracheostomy was done, and the timing of tracheostomy (early vs. late) as predictors, and a significant relationship was noted between the timing of tracheostomy (early vs. late) and GCS at discharge (p = 0.001) as well as extended Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at discharge (p = 0.013).
Conclusion This study suggests that moderate-to-severe TBIs are most common in middle-aged males and mostly involve road traffic accidents. In most cases, multiple CT-scan findings are seen as compared with a single predominant finding. In such patients, early tracheostomy is superior to late tracheostomy as it results in significantly better GCS and GOS scores at discharge as well as a decreased duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay.
Temperature and structure measurements of heavy-ion-heated diamond using in situ X-ray diagnostics
Authors: Lütgert J. , Hesselbach P. , Schörner M. , Bagnoud V. , Belikov R. , Drechsel P. , Heuser B. , Humphries O. S. , Katrik P. , Lindqvist B. , Qu C. , Redmer R. , Riley D. , Schaumann G. , Schumacher S. , Tauschwitz A. , Varentsov D. , Weyrich K. , Yu X. , Zielbauer B. , Major Zs. , Neumayer P. , Kraus D. 
Published: June 2024

We present in situ measurements of spectrally resolved X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction from monocrystalline diamond samples heated with an intense pulse of heavy ions. In this way, we determine the samples’ heating dynamics and their microscopic and macroscopic structural integrity over a timespan of several microseconds. Connecting the ratio of elastic to inelastic scattering with state-of-the-art density functional theory molecular dynamics simulations allows the inference of average temperatures around 1300 K, in agreement with predictions from stopping power calculations. The simultaneous diffraction measurements show no hints of any volumetric graphitization of the material, but do indicate the onset of fracture in the diamond sample. Our experiments pave the way for future studies at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, where a substantially increased intensity of the heavy ion beam will be available.
Silicon (100) surface passivation-driven tuning of Ag film crystallinity and its impact on the performance of Ag/n-Si mid-infrared Schottky photodetector
Authors: Sharma Krishna Hari , Dong Yao-Han , Chiang Po-Hsien , Su Zih-Chun , Lin Ching-Fuh 
Published: June 2024

The utilization of metal/semiconductor Schottky devices for plasmonic harvesting of hot carriers holds immense potential in the field of sub-bandgap photodetection. In this work, we explore a surface passivation scheme using air plasma exposure to modify the Si (100) surface and subsequently the crystal orientation of the deposited Ag film for photon detection in the mid-infrared (MIR) regime. This tailoring was achieved by varying the plasma exposure duration (0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 s). As a result, we could tune the crystal orientation of Ag from the (200) to the (210) crystal plane, with the Ag (111) orientation present in all devices. Furthermore, the photo-response behavior under MIR exposure at λ = 4.2 µm was studied both experimentally and using COMSOL simulations. It was observed that both photoelectric (PE) and photothermal (PT) effects contributed to the photo-response behavior of all devices. The Ag/Si device exposed to air plasma for 300 s exhibited the maximum PE-driven response (2.73 µA/W), while the device exposed to air plasma for 600 s showed a significant PT-driven response (13.01 µA/W). In addition, this strategy helped reduce the reverse leakage current by up to 99.5%. This study demonstrates that MIR detection at longer wavelengths can be optimized by tailoring the crystal orientation of the metal film.
Nesting BiVO4 nanoislands in ZnO nanodendrites by two-step electrodeposition for efficient solar water splitting
Authors: Güler Ali Can , Antoš Jan , Masař Milan , Urbánek Michal , Machovský Michal , Dagupati Rajesh , Žitňan Michal , Velázquez José J , Galusek Dušan , Kuřitka Ivo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Photoanodes with a large electrochemically active surface area, rapid charge transfer, and broadband light harvesting capacity are required to maximize the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance. To address these features, we demonstrate that 3D hierarchal ZnO nanodendrites (NDs) can be sensitized with BiVO4 nanoislands by chemical and thermal treatments of electrodeposited Bi metal films. The flat band measurements and optical characterization suggested that the resulting heterojunction had type-II band alignment with a viable charge transfer from BiVO4 to ZnO NDs. In parallel, PL analysis revealed inhibition of the charge recombination rate by the electron transfer between BiVO4 and ZnO NDs. Upon AM 1.5 G illumination, BiVO4/ZnO NDs heterojunction yielded the highest photocurrent efficiency (0.15 mA·cm−2 at 1.2 V vs. NHE), which was attributed to its enhanced surface area (due to the presence of small dendrite branches), extended broadband light absorption extending from UV to visible light regions, and the most efficient interfacial charge transfer as proven by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. Besides, the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency and applied bias photon-to-current efficiency tests confirmed an improved spectral photoresponse of the heterojunction based photoanode, particularly towards the visible light spectrum. The results outline a promising synthesis route for building heterojunctions between visible light active and wide band gap semiconductors for the use as a highly efficient photoanodes in a PEC cell.
Theoretical insight on structure, electronic, and optical properties of two d
0–d
10 electron transition-metal oxyhalides SHG materials
Authors: Hu Jinyu , Zhang Jiamei , Zhao Huiyan , He Chao , Wang Xihu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Materials containing mixed anions, particularly, oxyhalides containing asymmetric functional building units, may lead to the discovery of excellent nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. In the present work, the geometric structure, mechanical properties, electronic structure and optical properties of two d
0–d
10 electron transition-metal oxyhalides Cs2CdV2O6Cl2 and Cs3CdV4O12Br have been systematically determined based on density functional theory. The asymmetric functional building units [V2O7], [V4O13], [CdO2Cl4] and [CdO4Br2] exhibit varying degrees of second-order Jahn−Teller distortions, contributing differently to the macroscopic nonlinearity. Mechanical properties reveal that the two oxyhalides are structurally and mechanically stable. Detailed electronic and optical properties of the two oxyhalides are provided. Optical anisotropy character is exhibited along different polarization vectors, giving a large birefringence for satisfying the phase-matching condition. Maximum absolute values of static second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients are 4.47 pm V−1 for Cs2CdV2O6Cl2 and 3.72 pm V−1 for Cs3CdV4O12Br, suggesting that Cs2CdV2O6Cl2 and Cs3CdV4O12Br are potential NLO crystals with large SHG coefficients. In particular, unique 3D framework structures give a polar structure superposition of individual moments for asymmetric functional building units. Thus, maximum magnitudes of the total microscopic dipole are achieved, having the largest influence on the SHG response. This study elucidates the relationship between the structure and properties of transition-metal oxyhalides, providing valuable insights for designing NLO materials with excellent performance.