bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethics of Resuscitation at Different Stages of Life: A Survey of Perinatal Physicians
Authors: Laventhal Naomi , Spelke M. Bridget , Andrews Bree , Larkin L. Knoll , Meadow William , Janvier Annie 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE:
We surveyed US neonatologists and high-risk obstetricians about preferences for resuscitation in ethically difficult situations to determine whether (1) their responses adhered to traditional ethical principles of best interests and patient autonomy and (2) physician specialty seemed to influence the response.

METHODS:
In an electronic survey, we presented 8 vignettes with varying prognoses for survival and long-term outcome. Respondents were provided outcome data for mortality and morbidity in each vignette. We asked whether resuscitation was in the patient's best interest and whether the physician would accede to requests for nonresuscitation.

RESULTS:
We analyzed surveys for 587 neonatologists and 108 high-risk obstetricians (15% overall response rate, 75% of web site visitors). There were no statistically significant differences in responses between the 2 physician subspecialty groups. As expected, in most cases there were inverse relationships between valuation of best interest and deferred resuscitation at the family's request. For example, for the oldest patient (an 80-year-old), 9.9% found resuscitation to be in the patient's best interest and 94.3% would allow nonresuscitation; for a 2-month-old, 93.9% found resuscitation to be in the patient's best interest and 24.5% would allow nonresuscitation. However, this pattern was not observed in the 2 newborn cases, in which resuscitation and nonresuscitation were both acceptable. In the triage scenario, the 7-year-old with cerebral palsy and acute trauma was consistently resuscitated first despite others having equivalent or better short- and long-term prognoses.

CONCLUSIONS:
On the basis of our results, physicians' decisions to resuscitate seem to be context-specific, rather than based on prognosis or consistent application of best-interest or autonomy principles. Despite their different professional perspectives, neonatologists and high-risk obstetricians seemed to converge on these judgments.
Internet-Based Reporting to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System: A More Timely and Complete Way for Providers to Support Vaccine Safety
Authors: Haber Penina , Iskander John , Walton Kimp , Campbell Scott R. , Kohl Katrin S. 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND:
On March 22, 2002, Internet-based reports (IBRs) were added to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) to allow rapid, expedited reporting of adverse events (AEs) in anticipation of wider use of counter-bioterrorism vaccines such as those against smallpox and anthrax.

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate the impact of IBRs on the timeliness and completeness of vaccine AE reporting.

METHODS:
To evaluate timeliness and completeness, we compared the proportions of IBRs with non–Internet-based reports (NIBRs). Report interval was analyzed for timeliness and age at vaccination, birth date, and onset date for report completeness. To evaluate the impact of the smallpox vaccination program, we compared smallpox vaccine reports separately. Because influenza vaccine is the most widely used vaccine in adults each year, we compared influenza vaccine reports separately.

RESULTS:
During the study period, VAERS received 54 364 NIBRs (85.8%) and 9008 IBRs (14.2%). Sixteen percent (1455) of IBRs followed smallpox vaccination. Overall, for all vaccines and for smallpox vaccine alone, IBRs had a greater proportion of completeness and a shorter report interval. The proportion of most frequently reported AEs did not differ between IBRs and NIBRs. A higher proportion of adults (18–64 years old) who received influenza vaccine chose to complete an IBR (62% vs 48%).

CONCLUSIONS:
The improved timeliness and completeness of IBRs allow VAERS to more rapidly detect new or rare vaccine AEs. This important advantage is critical in times of increased public concern about vaccine safety. Clinical vaccine providers should be aware of VAERS and use IBRs whenever feasible to report vaccine AEs.
Immunization Safety in US Print Media, 1995–2005
Authors: Hussain Hamidah , Omer Saad B. , Manganello Jennifer A. , Kromm Elizabeth Edsall , Carter Terrell C. , Kan Lilly , Stokley Shannon , Halsey Neal A. , Salmon Daniel A. 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To identify and describe vaccine safety in US newspaper articles.

METHODS:
Articles (1147) from 44 states and Washington, DC, between January 1, 1995, and July 15, 2005, were identified by using the search terms “immunize or vaccine” and “adverse events or safety or exemption or danger or risk or damage or injury or side effect” and were coded by using a standardized data-collection instrument.

RESULTS:
The mean number of vaccine-safety articles per state was 26. Six (not mutually exclusive) topics were identified: vaccine-safety concerns (46%); vaccine policy (44%); vaccines are safe (20%); immunizations are required (10%); immunizations are not required (8%); and state/school exemption (8%). Three spikes in the number of newspaper articles about vaccine-safety issues were observed: in 1999 regarding rotavirus vaccine and in 2002 and 2003 regarding smallpox vaccine. Excluding articles that referred to rotavirus and smallpox vaccines, 37% of the articles had a negative take-home message.

CONCLUSION:
Ongoing monitoring of news on vaccine safety may help the content and framing of vaccine-safety messages.
Sources and Perceived Credibility of Vaccine-Safety Information for Parents
Authors: Freed Gary L. , Clark Sarah J. , Butchart Amy T. , Singer Dianne C. , Davis Matthew M. 
Published: April 2011

CONTEXT:
The source of health information can have an impact on the manner and frequency of its use. In the arena of vaccine safety, a variety of sources promulgate information from very different perspectives. The spectrum runs from traditional sources such as public health officials and physicians to nontraditional sources, such as celebrities.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess what proportion of parents trust vaccine information from different sources and whether different groups of parents vary in their trust of such information.

METHODS:
In January 2009, as part of a larger study of parents and nonparents, 2521 online surveys were fielded to a nationally representative sample of parents of children aged ≤17 years. The main outcome measure was the source credibility of vaccine-safety information used by parents.

RESULTS:
The response rate was 62%. Parents reported trusting their children's doctor for vaccine-safety information most often (76% endorsed a lot of trust), followed by other health care providers (26%), government vaccine experts/officials (23%), and family and friends (15%). In contrast, celebrities were trusted a lot by 2% of the respondents and not at all by 76% of the respondents. Levels of trust in specific sources of vaccine-safety information varied significantly by gender (women &gt; men) and race/ethnicity (Hispanics &gt; other groups).

CONCLUSIONS:
Although most parents place a lot of trust in their child(ren)'s physician, parents' trust in non–health professional sources for such information should not be discounted. Those who design public health efforts to provide evidence-based information must recognize that different strategies may be required to reach some groups of parents who use other information sources.
Familial Aggregation of Autoimmune Disease in Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Niewold Timothy B. , Wu Stephanie C. , Smith Molly , Morgan Gabrielle A. , Pachman Lauren M. 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE:
Familial aggregation of autoimmune diseases likely reflects shared pathogenic factors between different diseases. Familial aggregation of autoimmunity has not been examined in juvenile dermatomyositis. Interferon-α is thought to be a pathogenic factor in both systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile dermatomyositis, and we have previously demonstrated familial aggregation of serum interferon-α.

METHODS:
Family histories were obtained from 304 families of children with juvenile dermatomyositis via 3-generation structured interviews performed by the same person. Rates of autoimmune disease in families of children with juvenile dermatomyositis were compared with published population rates. Serum interferon-α, tumor necrosis factor-α, and neopterin were measured using standard techniques.

RESULTS:
A total of 51% of families of children with juvenile dermatomyositis reported at least 1 additional member affected by an autoimmune disease. In particular, both type 1 diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus were significantly more common than would be expected (odds ratio &gt;5, P ≤ 1 × 10−7 for both). Pedigree analysis showed particularly strong familial clustering of systemic lupus erythematosus with little decrease in incidence across generations, suggesting the possibility of rare causal genes with large effect. Untreated subjects with juvenile dermatomyositis with a family history of systemic lupus erythematosus had higher serum interferon-α than those who did not (P = .047).

CONCLUSIONS:
We find strong familial aggregation of specific autoimmune diseases in families of children with juvenile dermatomyositis, suggesting that these conditions share pathogenic factors. Higher serum interferon-α in juvenile dermatomyositis patients with a family history of systemic lupus erythematosus suggesting that interferon-α is one such shared factor.
Computerized Physician Order Entry With Decision Support Decreases Blood Transfusions in Children
Authors: Adams Eloa S. , Longhurst Christopher A. , Pageler Natalie , Widen Eric , Franzon Deborah , Cornfield David N. 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE:Timely provision of evidence-based recommendations through computerized physician order entry with clinical decision support may improve use of red blood cell transfusions (RBCTs).METHODS:We performed a cohort study with historical controls including inpatients admitted between February 1, 2008, and January 31, 2010. A clinical decision-support alert for RBCTs was constructed by using current evidence. RBCT orders resulted in assessment of the patient's medical record with prescriber notification if parameters were not within recommended ranges. Primary end points included the average pretransfusion hemoglobin level and the rate of RBCTs per patient-day.RESULTS:In total, 3293 control discharges and 3492 study discharges were evaluated. The mean (SD) control pretransfusion hemoglobin level in the PICU was 9.83 (2.63) g/dL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.65–10.01) compared with the study value of 8.75 (2.05) g/dL (95% CI: 8.59–8.90) (P &lt; .0001). The wards' control value was 7.56 (0.93) g/dL (95% CI: 7.47–7.65), the study value was 7.14 (1.01) g/dL (95% CI: 6.99–7.28) (P &lt; .0001). The control PICU rate of RBCTs per patient-day was 0.20 (0.11) (95% CI: 0.13–0.27), the study rate was 0.14 (0.04) (95% CI: 0.11–0.17) (P = .12). The PICU's control rate was 0.033 (0.01) (95% CI: 0.02–0.04), and the study rate was 0.017 (0.007) (95% CI: 0.01–0.02) (P &lt; .0001). There was no difference in mortality rates across all cohorts.CONCLUSIONS:Implementation of clinical decision-support alerts was associated with a decrease in RBCTs, which suggests improved adoption of evidence-based recommendations. This strategy might be widely applied to promote timely adoption of scientific evidence.
Negative Effects of Alcohol Intake and Estrogen Deficiency Combination on Osseointegration in a Rat Model
Authors: de Deco Camila Porto , da Silva Marchini Adriana Mathias Pereira , Bárbara Mary Anne Moreira , de Vasconcellos Luana Marotta Reis , da Rocha Rosilene Fernandes , Marchini Leonardo 
Published: April 2011

Alcohol intake and estrogen deficiency can both affect bone physiology and have shown to have an adverse effect on dental implant therapy. However, the combination of both factors on osseointegration is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate osseointegration in rats fed with alcohol and presenting induced estrogen deficiency. Ninety-six female rats were divided according to diet and hormonal condition into 6 groups as follows: group Sh-W: sham (simulated ovariectomy) control, food and water ad libitum; group Sh-Et: sham, food and 20% ethanol solution ad libitum; group Sh-Su: sham, food and sucrose solution controlled to ensure an isocaloric diet in relation to Sh-Et; group Ov-W: ovariectomy, food and water ad libitum; group Ov-Et: ovariectomy, food and 20% ethanol solution ad libitum; and group Ov-Su: ovariectomy, food and sucrose solution controlled to ensure an isocaloric diet as Ov-Et. The groups were subdivided according to time of euthanasia: 30 and 45 days after placement of implants. Implant surgery was performed 1 month after ovariectomy or sham. After euthanasia, the femurs were removed and evaluated by histomorphometry. Groups Ov-Et and Ov-Su showed the lowest percentage of bone-to-implant contact. The combination of alcohol intake and estrogen deficiency, and the combination of estrogen deficiency and reduced ingestion of food can negatively affect osseointegration in rats.
Potential Enhancements to Data on Health Insurance, Health Services, and Medicare in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Ayanian John Z , Meara Ellen , McWilliams J. Michael 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
As a nationally representative cohort of middle-aged and elderly adults with longitudinal data spanning nearly two decades, the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is an important resource for researchers studying the dynamics of health insurance coverage in the United States and the relation of insurance coverage to the use of health services and to health outcomes. We assessed the strengths and limitations of currently available HRS data for such research, focusing on survey items in these domains and Medicare claims data that have been linked to HRS survey data. The process for researchers to obtain Medicare claims has greatly improved in recent years. The additions of biomarkers (e.g. blood pressure and serum cholesterol) and objective measures of physical functioning for HRS participants have also been notable improvements. We propose changes to the HRS to enhance its value for health services research, particularly regarding the effects of health care reform as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 is implemented over the next decade.
The State and Future of Blood-Based Biomarkers in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: McDade Thomas 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is an important national resource for policy makers and investigators across a wide range of disciplines, and it is critical that the study collects the best information possible on the health status of its participants within the constraints of the survey design, and without compromising the integrity of the sample. Potential directions for the collection and analysis of biomarker data in future waves of HRS are discussed, with a primary focus on blood-based biomarkers. Advantages and disadvantages of various methods for collecting blood in the home are considered, with particular attention given to the strengths and weaknesses of dried blood spot (DBS) sampling. DBS sampling has been widely applied in recent biosocial surveys due to the low cost and burden associated with sample collection, but these benefits need to be weighed against challenges associated with quantification in the laboratory. Attention is also given to additional biomarkers that may be of relevance to HRS, and that would expand the survey’s current focus on obesity and metabolic syndrome. Measures of inflammation, pathogen exposure, reproductive function, stress, and epigenetic modifications are suggested as potentially productive future directions for the study. In addition, the analysis concludes with the following recommendations for HRS: Continue to collect DBS samples, but consider alternatives; implement enhanced procedures for quality control; calibrate DBS results against plasma values, and invest in methods development.
A Rationale for Including a Brief Assessment of Hedonic Well-being in Large-scale Surveys
Authors: Stone Arthur A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Subjective well-being is comprised of both evaluative (life satisfaction) and hedonic (affect) components, and there has been a call to include both aspects of well-being in large-scale surveys. This paper presents a rationale for the feasibility of including a brief measure hedonic well-being based on the measurement of yesterday’s affect and experience. It discusses issues of the distinctiveness of hedonic well-being from life satisfaction, the sensitivity of a single day’s affect, the sample sizes required for detecting group differences, and the experiential content that could also be collected to extend the value of affective reports. I conclude that a brief assessment is feasible and, in conjunction with measures of evaluative well-being, could add to our understanding of well-being in populations.
Time Use and Well-being, and Large Survey Studies
Authors: Smith Dylan M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
This paper reviews several methods for measuring how people spend their time, and how they feel during these different activities, and argues that some of these methods could be well suited for large scale longitudinal surveys. Because time use methods allow for the quantitative assessment of the dynamics of human experience, they provide opportunities to explore numerous research questions that cannot be readily answered with more traditional summary measures of well-being. In the last decade or two, techniques have become available that can capture the dynamics of time use and well-being in ways that also reduce methodological problems such as biased recall. The paper describes several such methods, with a discussion of how they are implemented, and a comparison of their relative strengths and weaknesses. In the final section, the paper describes how the addition of time use measures can enhance national surveys such as the Health and Retirement Study by a) opening new avenues of research, and b) clarifying previous findings from more traditional measures of well being.
Personality Measurement and Assessment in Large Panel Surveys
Authors: Roberts Brent , Jackson Joshua J , Duckworth Angela L , Von Culin Katherine 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPersonality tests are being added to large panel studies with increasing regularity, such as the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). To facilitate the inclusion and interpretation of these tests, we provide some general background on personality psychology, personality assessment, and the validity of personality tests. In this review, we provide background on definitions of personality, the strengths and weaknesses of the self-report approaches to personality testing typically used in large panel studies, and the validity of personality tests for three outcomes: genetics, income, and health. We conclude with recommendations on how to improve personality assessment in future panel studies.
Which Questions in the Health and Retirement Study are Used by Researchers? Evidence from Academic Journals, 2006-2009
Authors: Jackson Tina , Balduf Mabel , Yasaitis Laura , Skinner Jonathan 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Since 2002, the average number of questions asked per respondent in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) has risen by 39 percent, from 413 to 581. Yet there is little or no understanding of which questions, or how many in total, should be included–and more importantly, maintained–in longitudinal surveys. In this paper, we propose a simple approach to assessing the value of survey questions: journal citation counts. A sample of journal articles and book chapters published in 2006-09 (N = 206) is used to document which questions, and categories of questions, were used most and least frequently. A disproportionate number of published articles used a relatively small number of questions regarding health, wealth, income, and employment. By contrast, several categories of questions were rarely used, and many specific questions were never used. This evidence-based approach to measuring the value of survey questions can have applications for other surveys beyond the HRS.
Pharmacologic modulation of experimentally induced allergic asthma
Authors: Fraňová Soňa , Strapková Anna , Mokrý Juraj , Šutovská Martina , Jošková Marta , Sadloňová Vladimíra , Antošová Martina , Pavelčíková Darina , Flešková Dana , Nosáľová Gabriela 
Published: April 2011

Pharmacologic modulation of experimentally induced allergic asthmaAllergic asthma is the most frequent disease of the respiratory tract. The aim of the current experimental and clinical studies was to find new sources of drugs able to control asthmatic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Our experimental studies were focused on efficiency evaluation of substances able to influence activities of ion channels, phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoforms, substances from the group of polyphenols and NO metabolism modulators during experimentally induced allergic asthma.
Synthesis method of high speed finite state machines
Authors: Czerwiński R. , Kania D. 
Published: April 2011

Synthesis method of high speed finite state machines
The paper is concerned with the problem of state assignment and logic optimization of high speed finite state machines. The method is designed for PAL-based CPLDs implementations. Determining the number of logic levels of the transition function before the state encoding process, and keeping the constraints during the process is the main problem at hand. A number of coding bits, as well as codes for the states, are adjusted to achieve a machine with a determined number of logic levels. Elements of two-level minimization are taken into consideration in the state assignment. The proposed optimization method is based on utilizing tri-state buffers, thus enabling achievement of a one-logic-level output block.
Loss tandem networks with blocking - a semi-Markov approach
Authors: Oniszczuk W. 
Published: April 2011

Loss tandem networks with blocking - a semi-Markov approachBased on the semi-Markov process theory, this paper describes an analytical study of a loss multiple-server two-station network model with blocking. Tasks arrive to the tandem in a Poisson fashion at a rate λ, and the service times at the first and second stations are non-exponentially distributed with means sAand sB, respectively. Between these two stations there is a buffer with finite capacity. In this type of network, if the buffer is full, the accumulation of new tasks (jobs) by the second station is temporarily suspended (blocking factor) and tasks must wait on the first station until the transmission process is resumed. Any new task that finds all service lines at the first station occupied is turned away and is lost (loss factor). Initially, in this document, a Markov model of the loss tandem with blocking is investigated. Here, a two-dimensional state graph is constructed and a set of steady-state equations is created. These equations allow the calculation of state probabilities for each graph state. A special algorithm for transforming the Markov model into a semi-Markov process is presented. This approach allows calculating steady-state probabilities in the semi-Markov model. In the next part of the paper, the algorithms for calculation of the main measures of effectiveness in the semi-Markov model are presented. Finally, the numerical part of this paper contains an investigation of some special semi-Markov models, where the results are presented of the calculation of the quality of service (QoS) parameters and the main measures of effectiveness.