bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hochwasserschutz im Land Bremen – Anpassung an prognostizierte Klimaänderungen
Authors: Bleck Matthias , Krebs Hauke , Scholz Anne , Spekker Heiko 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIm Beitrag wird auf Besonderheiten bei der Umsetzung des Generalplans Küstenschutz Niedersachsen/Bremen im Land Bremen eingegangen.Im ersten Teil werden die Grundlagen und Ergebnisse des Generalplans sowie die administrative Aufstellung des Landes Bremen zur Anpassung des Hochwasserschutzes beschrieben. Das Instrument der Kostenvergleichsrechnung wird vorgestellt, welches in Bremen bereits im frühen Projektstadium zur Bewertung der Vorzugslösungen eingesetzt wird.Ein wichtiger Aspekt bei der Umsetzung des Generalplans sind die technischen Anforderungen, die sich aus den bestehenden Hochwasserschutzanlagen ergeben. Weiterhin müssen im Land Bremen die Maßnahmen zum Hochwasserschutz im Wesentlichen unter Berücksichtigung der bestehenden konstruktiv geprägten Ufer (Spundwände und Kaianlagen) umgesetzt werden. Dabei sind spezielle Anforderungen hinsichtlich der aktuellen und zukünftigen Nutzung insbesondere in den Hafenrevieren zu berücksichtigen. Beispielhaft werden begleitende Projekte der INROS LACKNER AG vorgestellt.Flood protection in the Federal State and the city of Bremen by adjustment of climate changes.The present article describes how the Federal State and the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen adapts its flood protection with respect to climate changes and global sea level rise.Design basics are compiled in the “Generalplan Küstenschutz Niedersachsen/Bremen” (General Plan for Coastal Protection – Lower Saxony/Bremen). Main results of the general plan will be described and administrative aspects of the adaptation of the flood protection elements in Bremen will be lined out. Special technical requirements as the consideration of existing walls and dikes will be described. Also requirements from harbour operation, recreational use and urban architecture have to be considered as the Bremen port partly undergoes a rapid change in this regard.The instrument of cost analysis will be introduced which is utilised in Bremen at an early stage of planning in order to develop cost effective measures of public founded projects.Mentioned topics will be described based on projects carried out by INROS LACKNER AG.
Erdbebenertüchtigung des Feuerwehrgebäudes in Basel durch schwimmende Lagerung
Authors: Bachmann Hugo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractKürzlich wurde das Hauptgebäude der Berufsfeuerwehr Basel‐Stadt aus dem Jahre 1943 auf spezielle Erdbebenlager aus Gummi und auf Gleitlager gestellt. Es handelt sich um die erste derartige Erdbebenertüchtigung eines bestehenden Gebäudes nördlich der Alpen. Im Vergleich zu einer konventionellen Verstärkung waren die Baukosten bedeutend geringer, und es war keine temporäre Ausquartierung des Betriebes in ein teures Provisorium erforderlich. Zudem ist die resultierende Erdbebensicherheit erheblich größer und die Schadensanfälligkeit bei schweren Erdbeben wesentlich geringer als es bei einer konventionellen Verstärkung der Fall wäre.Seismic upgrading of the fire brigade building in Basel by base isolation.Recently, the main building of the professional fire brigade of the city and canton Basel‐Stadt built in the year 1943 was placed on special seismic elastomeric bearings and on sliding bearings. This is the first such seismic upgrading of an existing building in the north of the Alps. Compared to a conventional strengthening the buildingcosts were significantly smaller, and no temporary transfer of the operation into an expensive provisional building was necessary. Moreover, the resulting seismic safety is considerably higher and the vulnerability to a severe earthquake essentially smaller than in case of a conventional strengthening.
DIN 1052:2008‐12 Neue Grundlagen für Entwurf, Berechnung und Bemessung von Holzbauwerken – Teil 5 (2): Aussteifungen von Holztragwerken (Fortsetzung aus Heft 7/09 und Schluss)
Authors: Lißner Karin , Rug Wolfgang , Steinmetz Dieter 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEs werden die Grundlagen zur Aussteifung von Holztragwerken dargelegt und an Beispielen erläutert.DIN 1052:2008‐12 – New basics for design, calculation and dimensioning of timber structures, Part 5 (2): Construction of bracing in wooden structures.Basics of bracing in wooden structures are given and amplified by several examples. (Continuation of part 5 (1), number 7/09)
Softwaregestützte Kostenermittlung für die Gebäudeinstandsetzung
Authors: Beecken Christoph A. , Levchenko Taras 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag werden Möglichkeiten der softwaregestützten Kostenermittlung für die Instandsetzung vorgestellt, die in den vergangenen Jahren im Rahmen mehrerer Instandsetzungsprojekte entwickelt wurden und für unterschiedlichste Gebäudetypen anwendbar sind. Schwerpunkte sind die zügige und präzise Schadenserfassung und ‐bewertung als Schlüsselfaktoren für die Ermittlung der zu erwartenden Baukosten.Am konkreten Beispiel werden die Vorteile der softwaregestützten Schadenserfassung und ‐bewertung beschrieben, und es wird der Bezug zur Praxis hergestellt.Computer aided cost calculation for building repair.This paper shows ways of software aided cost calculation for rehabilitation of buildings, which have been developed in recent years in several repair projects and which are applicable for various building types.The advantages of automated damage assessment and evaluation are described at an example of a parking garage and are related to the practice.
Stability of cucurbitacin E in human plasma: chemical hydrolysis and role of plasma esterases
Authors: Saade Myriam , Magdalou Jacques , Ouaini Naim , Greige‐Gerges Helene 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIt was shown previously that the anticancerous cytotoxic oxygenated triterpenes, cucurbitacin E (Cuc E) and its deacetylated form, cucurbitacin I (Cuc I), interacted differently with human serum albumin.In this study, the biochemical stability of Cuc E was investigated in vitro by reverse‐phase high performance liquid chromatography. The hydrolysis rate in acidic and alkaline solutions, and in enzymatic conditions in human plasma and in purified plasma esterase solutions of butyrylcholinesterase and albumin, was compared with that measured in phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4).Cuc E hydrolysis was detected in all the in vitro tests, but the extent of hydrolysis varied according to the different enzymatic and non‐enzymatic conditions. A remarkable rapid hydrolysis of Cuc E was detected in acidic and alkaline solutions. A significant rate of hydrolysis of Cuc E was monitored in human plasma and was associated with the detection of Cuc I.The stability of Cuc E was greatly enhanced in the presence of albumin. However, purified butyrylcholinesterase had no effect on Cuc E stability. Among specific inhibitors of plasma esterases, only EDTA increased Cuc E stability, suggesting that paraoxonase is the human plasma esterase involved in the hydrolysis of Cuc E. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Coptis Chinensis on pharmacokinetics of flavonoids after oral administration of Radix Scutellariae in rats
Authors: Shi Rong , Zhou Hui , Liu Zhaoming , Ma Yueming , Wang Tianming , Liu Yingying , Wang Changhong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRadix Scutellariae (RS) and Coptis Chinensis (CC) are the most popular components in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. Flavonoids are the main effective ingredients in RS and berberine is the main effective ingredient in CC. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of CC on the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids following the administration of RS in rats and to investigate the effects of CC on the pharmacokinetic mechanism. Rats were administered RS or RS+CC by intragastric gavage (ig). Plasma concentrations of baicalin (baicalein 7‐glucuronide) and wogonoside (wogonin 7‐glucuronide) were measured by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the plasma concentration time curve. The effect of CC on the metabolism of flavonoids in RS by rat intestinal flora was studied using rat fecal suspensions after ig administration of CC. The effect of berberine on the bi‐directional transport of baicalein and baicalin was studied in Caco‐2 monolayer models. The effect of CC on the metabolism of baicalein and baicalin by the liver was studied using rat liver microsomes after ig administration of CC. Compared to RS alone, RS+CC decreased AUC and Cmax of baicalin and wogonoside. CC decreased the hydrolyzation of baicalin and wogonoside by intestinal flora. Berberine decreased the amount of baicalein transported to the basolateral side and the amount of baicalin which appeared at the basolateral side. The results showed that CC may decrease the bioavailability of baicalin and wogonoside in RS and the mechanism was related to CC decreasing the transport of flavonoid aglycones from the mucosa side to the serosal side and the hydrolyzation of flavonoids by inhibiting intestinal flora. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Classification of Therapy Resistance Based on Longitudinal Biomarker Profiles
Authors: Kohlmann Mareike , Held Leonhard , Grunert Veit Peter 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTo classify patients either as resistant or non‐resistant to HIV therapy based on longitudinal viral load profiles, we applied longitudinal quadratic discriminant analysis and examined various measures, mainly derived from the Brier Score, to assess the biomarker performance in terms of discrimination and calibration. The analysis of the application data revealed an increase in performance by using longer profiles instead of single biomarker measurements. Simulations showed that the selection of mixed models for the estimation of the group‐specific discriminant rule parameters should be based on BIC, rather than on the best performance measure. An incorrect model selection can lead to spuriously better or worse performance as misclassification and classification certainty regards, especially with increasing length of the profiles and for more complex models with random slopes.
ILPR repeats adopt diverse G‐quadruplex conformations that determine insulin binding
Authors: Schonhoft Joseph D. , Das Arijit , Achamyeleh Firehiwot , Samdani Sheema , Sewell Abby , Mao Hanbin , Basu Soumitra 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe insulin‐linked polymorphic region (ILPR) is a VNTR region located upstream of the insulin (INS) gene consisting of the repeat 5′‐ACAGGGGTGTGGGG (repeat a) and several less abundant sequence repeats (b–n). Here, we have investigated the structural polymorphism of G‐quadruplexes formed from the most common repeat sequences (a–c) and their effect on insulin protein binding. We first established that the ILPR repeats “b” and “c” can form quadruplex structures. Insulin has previously been shown to bind a G‐quadruplex formed by a dimer of the repeat “a”. Our findings show that insulin binds preferentially to the repeat “a” G‐quadruplex (Kd = 0.17 ± 0.03 μM) over G‐quadruplexes formed from other ILPR repeats that were tested (Kds from 0.71 ± 0.15 to 1.07 ± 0.09 μM). Additionally, the Watson‐Crick complementary relationship between the loop regions of repeat “a” (ACA and TGT) seemingly play an important role in favoring a specific G‐quadruplex conformation, which based on our data is critical for insulin binding. Affinity for insulin is reduced in sequences lacking the putative WC complementarity, however upon engineered restoration of complementarity, insulin binding is recovered. A DMS footprinting assay on the repeat “a” G‐quadruplex in the presence of insulin, combined with binding affinities for ILPR mutants led to identification of a loop nucleotide critical for binding. Uniquely, insulin shows clear preference for binding to the G‐quadruplexes with the more antiparallel feature. Collectively, our results illustrate the specific nature of insulin binding to the ILPR G‐quadruplexes and begin to provide molecular details on such interactions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 21–31, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Modeling changes in biomass composition during microwave‐based alkali pretreatment of switchgrass
Authors: Keshwani Deepak R. , Cheng Jay J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study used two different approaches to model changes in biomass composition during microwave‐based pretreatment of switchgrass: kinetic modeling using a time‐dependent rate coefficient, and a Mamdani‐type fuzzy inference system. In both modeling approaches, the dielectric loss tangent of the alkali reagent and pretreatment time were used as predictors for changes in amounts of lignin, cellulose, and xylan during the pretreatment. Training and testing data sets for development and validation of the models were obtained from pretreatment experiments conducted using 1–3% w/v NaOH (sodium hydroxide) and pretreatment times ranging from 5 to 20 min. The kinetic modeling approach for lignin and xylan gave comparable results for training and testing data sets, and the differences between the predictions and experimental values were within 2%. The kinetic modeling approach for cellulose was not as effective, and the differences were within 5–7%. The time‐dependent rate coefficients of the kinetic models estimated from experimental data were consistent with the heterogeneity of individual biomass components. The Mamdani‐type fuzzy inference was shown to be an effective approach to model the pretreatment process and yielded predictions with less than 2% deviation from the experimental values for lignin and with less than 3% deviation from the experimental values for cellulose and xylan. The entropies of the fuzzy outputs from the Mamdani‐type fuzzy inference system were calculated to quantify the uncertainty associated with the predictions. Results indicate that there is no significant difference between the entropies associated with the predictions for lignin, cellulose, and xylan. It is anticipated that these models could be used in process simulations of bioethanol production from lignocellulosic materials. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 88–97. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perturbation‐independent community development in low‐temperature anaerobic biological wastewater treatment bioreactors
Authors: Madden Pádhraig , Chinalia Fabio A. , Enright Anne‐Marie , Collins Gavin , O'Flaherty Vincent 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe reproducibility and stability of low‐ temperature anaerobic wastewater treatment systems undergoing transient perturbations was investigated. Three identical anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed‐based bioreactors were used to degrade a volatile fatty acid and glucose‐based wastewater under sub‐ambient (15°C) conditions. The effect of a variety of environmental perturbations on bioreactor performance was assessed by chemical oxygen demand removal. Temporal microbial community development was monitored by denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA genes extracted from sludge granules. Methanogenic activity was monitored using specific methanogenic activity assays. Bioreactor performance and microbial population dynamics were each well replicated between both experimental bioreactors and the control bioreactor prior to, and after the implementation of most of the applied perturbations. Gene fingerprinting data indicated that Methanosaeta sp. were the persistent, keystone members of the archaeal community, and likely were pivotal for the physical stability and maintenance of the granular biofilms. Cluster analyses of DGGE data suggested that temporal shifts in microbial community structure were predominantly independent of the applied perturbations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 79–87. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microbial community structure in a biofilm anode fed with a fermentable substrate: The significance of hydrogen scavengers
Authors: Parameswaran Prathap , Zhang Husen , Torres César I. , Rittmann Bruce E. , Krajmalnik‐Brown Rosa 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe compared the microbial community structures that developed in the biofilm anode of two microbial electrolysis cells fed with ethanol, a fermentable substrate—one where methanogenesis was allowed and another in which it was completely inhibited with 2‐bromoethane sulfonate. We observed a three‐way syntrophy among ethanol fermenters, acetate‐oxidizing anode‐respiring bacteria (ARB), and a H2 scavenger. When methanogenesis was allowed, H2‐oxidizing methanogens were the H2 scavengers, but when methanogenesis was inhibited, homo‐acetogens became a channel for electron flow from H2 to current through acetate. We established the presence of homo‐acetogens by two independent molecular techniques: 16S rRNA gene based pyrosequencing and a clone library from a highly conserved region in the functional gene encoding formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase in homo‐acetogens. Both methods documented the presence of the homo‐acetogenic genus, Acetobacterium, only with methanogenic inhibition. Pyrosequencing also showed a predominance of ethanol‐fermenting bacteria, primarily represented by the genus Pelobacter. The next most abundant group was a diverse community of ARB, and they were followed by H2‐scavenging syntrophic partners that were either H2‐oxidizing methanogens or homo‐acetogens when methanogenesis was suppressed. Thus, the community structure in the biofilm anode and suspension reflected the electron‐flow distribution and H2‐scavenging mechanism. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 69–78. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PASCAL: physics augmented space canvases for animating locomotion
Authors: Fei Guangzheng , Lee Won‐Sook , Xin Zijun , Dong Huikai , Joslin Chris 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe describe an animation creation system called PASCAL that supports sketch‐based modeling and physics augmented locomotion simultaneously. The system uses sketches and reconfigurable space canvases as basic modeling primitives and uses physics to improve the expressiveness and efficiency of several animation techniques to obtain controllable and plausible locomotion animation. The usability evaluation of the system was conducted both with professional and novice animators. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activity‐Based Probes for Monitoring Postproline Protease Activity
Authors: Sabidó Eduard , Tarragó Teresa , Niessen Sherry , Cravatt Benjamin F. , Giralt Ernest 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPostproline proteases constitute a subset of serine proteases involved in the regulation of many signaling events and are emerging as promising therapeutic targets for prevalent diseases, such as diabetes and cancer. Therefore, monitoring their activity in different tissues and diverse physiological states would certainly facilitate the elucidation of their physiological role and the establishment of new therapeutic targets. Here, we have synthesized a dipeptidyl phosphonate activity‐based probe that has proved to be highly selective for a specific postproline protease, prolyl oligopeptidase (POP). Its high sensitivity allows the detection of the endogenous activity of POP both by in‐gel analysis and mass spectrometry. The evidence provided by mass spectrometry for the high selectivity of the synthesized probe opens the possibility of using dipeptidyl phosphonates not only for activity‐based profiling (ABP), but also for other ABP applications like substrate‐based protease identification.
Potent Inhibition of Acid Sphingomyelinase by Phosphoinositide Analogues
Authors: Roth Anke Gundula , Redmer Susanne , Arenz Christoph 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe different mammalian sphingomyelinases are involved in cell regulation, apoptosis and inflammatory events. Recent reports suggest pharmacological potential especially for inhibitors of the acid sphingomyelinase. Phosphatidyl inositol‐3,5bisphosphate (PtdIns3,5P2) is the most potent selective acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor known to date. In the present study, we synthesized analogues of PtdIns3,5P2 for initial structure–activity‐relationship (SAR) studies. We identified an inhibitor that is easy to synthesize, that has superior chemical and biophysical properties when compared to PtdIns3,5P2 and that should be stable against virtually all phospholipases. Last but not least, the new inhibitor partially protected cells from dexamethasone‐induced cell death.
Quantitative Use of Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancements for Determining Orientations and Insertion Depths of Peptides in Micelles
Authors: Franzmann Magnus , Otzen Daniel , Wimmer Reinhard 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe describe the background and implementation of a method to determine, at atomic resolution, the insertion depths and orientations of peptides embedded in micelles. A nonperturbing paramagnetic agent—Gd(DTPA–BMA)—was used to induce paramagnetic relaxation enhancements (PREs) of peptide atoms inside the micelle. By calibrating these PREs it was possible to translate them into distance restraints that could be used for structure calculation. We demonstrate this here on the antimicrobial peptides novicidin and novispirin. Characterization of the interactions between antimicrobial peptides and membranes is important for understanding of their biological activities and functions, and a further development of tools to study these interactions is described.
The Brain First or the Heart: The Approach to Revascularizing Severe Co‐Existing Carotid and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Aqel Raed , Dorfman Todd A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCombined symptomatic severe cerebralvascular disease and significant obstructive coronary artery disease frequently exist.1,2 For the past few decades, clinicians have debated the various treatment strategies for these high‐risk patients including staged procedures and hybrid revascularization. While some recommend addressing the more unstable vascular territory first, others prefer to intervene on the carotids prior to performing coronary revascularization. Both surgical and percutaneous options have been explored in various clinical settings, but there are no treatment guidelines to date. Given the frequency and magnitude of this problem, we performed an extensive review of the literature in an attempt to add some much needed clarity. An illustrative case and recommendations are provided. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extrinsic Compression of Left Main Coronary Artery by the Pulmonary Trunk Secondary to Pulmonary Hypertension Documented Using 64‐Slice Multidetector Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography
Authors: Safi Morteza , Eslami Vahid , Shabestari Abbas Arjmand , Saadat Habib , Namazi Mohammad Hasan , Vakili Hosein , Movahed Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCompression of left main coronary artery (LMCA) secondary to pulmonary trunk dilatation is a newly recognized entity that has been associated with severe pulmonary hypertension. In this paper we present a case of extrinsic compression of LMCA caused by dilated pulmonary trunk secondary to pulmonary hypertension documented using 64‐slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) coronary angiography. This case is followed by a review of the literature. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.