bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative Risk Assessment for Combined Health Effects From Chemical and Nonchemical Stressors
Authors: Sexton Ken , Linder Stephen H. 
Published: November 2011

Cumulative risk assessment is a science policy tool for organizing and analyzing information to examine, characterize, and possibly quantify combined threats from multiple environmental stressors. We briefly survey the state of the art regarding cumulative risk assessment, emphasizing challenges and complexities of moving beyond the current focus on chemical mixtures to incorporate nonchemical stressors, such as poverty and discrimination, into the assessment paradigm. Theoretical frameworks for integrating nonchemical stressors into cumulative risk assessments are discussed, the impact of geospatial issues on interpreting results of statistical analyses is described, and four assessment methods are used to illustrate the diversity of current approaches. Prospects for future progress depend on adequate research support as well as development and verification of appropriate analytic frameworks.
p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase modulates exocrine secretion in rabbit lacrimal gland
Authors: Carlsson Stina , Gierow J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe lacrimal gland (LG) is an exocrine gland important for secretion of the tear film. The kinase p38 has important signal transduction functions, e.g. in gene transcription, but has previously not been known to modulate exocrine secretion. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of p38 in carbachol (Cch)-induced LG secretion in LG acinar cells in vitro. Western blotting was used to determine the phosphorylation status of p38 and p42/44 and determine expression of p38 isoforms. To determine the effect of p38 inhibition on LG secretion, PD 169316, a general p38 inhibitor, and SB 239063, an inhibitor of p38α and β, were added to the cells prior to secretion measurements. The results revealed activation of p38 mediated by Cch stimulation and inhibition of Cch-induced secretion as a result of p38 inhibition. The inhibition was observed with PD 169316 isoforms, but not with SB 239063. The p38δ isoform was shown to have robust expression both by Western blotting of acinar cells and immunofluorescence of the whole gland. In conclusion, p38 activation mediates secretion in cholinergic stimulation of rabbit LG cells.
Detection of Nitrate(NO-2) Ions Produced in Disproportionation of Nitrogen(II) Oxide in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kufelnicki Aleksander , Jaciubek-Rosińska Jolanta 
Published: November 2011

Detection of Nitrate(NO-2) Ions Produced in Disproportionation of Nitrogen(II) Oxide in Aqueous Solution
The nitrate ions (NO-2), products of disproportionation of NO in aqueous solution, were detected by an Orion Nitrite Electrode 97-46. Calibrations by means of standard NaNO2 solutions within the range 0.001÷100 ppm indicated linear dependence of EMF on ppm within 1÷100 ppm. Measurements justified the usefulness of this detection method of NO in solutions of OH- concentration lower than 10-2 mol dm-3 since at higher concentrations the EMF values exceeded the measurement range of the electrode. Occurrence of nitrate ions produced in the disproportionation reaction was additionally confirmed in dependence of OH- concentration by near UV and fluorescence spectra. The calibrated ion-selective nitrate electrode has also been shown, on the basis of Co(II)-dipeptide-OH- systems, as a useful tool in studying reversible NO uptake by Co(II) chelates in aqueous solution. Such a reaction may be regarded as simulating the harmful binding of NO by hemoglobin, where it substitutes the isoelectronic dioxygen.
Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy: The Value of Small-Gauge Vitrectomy, Peeling, Laser Treatment, and Gas Tamponade
Authors: Rizzo Stanislao , Belting Claudia , Genovesi-Ebert Federica , Di Bartolo Emanuele , Cresti Federica , Cinelli Laura , Allegrini Luca 
Published: November 2011

Purpose To report the outcome of 10 patients with optic pit maculopathy (OPM) and evaluate the role of small-gauge vitrectomy, gas endotamponade, and additional laser photocoagulation treatment. Methods We retrospectively investigated 10 patients who underwent small-gauge, sutureless vitrectomy for OPM, detachment of the posterior hyaloid, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, endolaser photocoagulation on the temporal margin of the optic disc, and gas tamponade. Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging was performed. Results Seven out of 10 patients gained at least 2 lines of vision; 2 patients gained 1 line of vision. Visual improvement occurred more than 3 months after surgery. One myopic patient developed a macular hole postoperatively, resulting in a poor functional result even though complete retinal attachment was achieved. The functional outcome did not always correlate well with the OCT imaging, in which complete retinal reattachment was observed in 5 out of 10 eyes. Conclusions The therapeutic approach should include both small-gauge vitrectomy and ILM peeling to relieve vitreoretinal traction, as well as laser photocoagulation of the temporal margin of the optic disc in order to prevent vitreous fluid from entering the subretinal/intraretinal space. In addition, the patients should be told that visual recovery can take a long time.
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy in Giant Masses
Authors: Maestroni Umberto , Ferretti Stefania , Ziglioli Francesco , Campobasso Davide , Cerasi Dario , Cortellini Pietro 
Published: November 2011

Background Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is considered the treatment of choice in the surgical management of the most majority of the adrenal diseases. Nevertheless, one of the much discussed topics is the dimensional cut-off for the laparoscopic treatment and it is not clear if laparoscopy should be used in large adrenal masses. Introduction Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the goal standard in benign adrenal masses smaller than 6 cm, while its advantages in masses larger than this cut-off and in malignant lesions is still discussed. Materials and Methods We present six cases of laparoscopic adrenalectomy since November 2008 for masses between 7 and 15 cm; 4 men and 2 women. 3 right and 3 left. A complete adrenal endocrinological evaluation demonstrated that the lesions were not secreting tumors. All patients were studied with CT scan. The technique was performed using a flank approach with a 45° tilt. We used 5 trocars in patients who had the masses on the right side, and 4 in those who had the lesions on the left side. After creating an adequate pneumoperitoneum through an open access, the posterior peritoneum cutting, mobilization of the colon, medial dissection of the adrenal gland, and ligation of the main adrenal vein were performed. The adrenal gland was carefully dissected by Ultracision. The mass was extracted by endobag through an additional subcostal port. The mean operative time was 120 minutes. Blood loss was about 50 cc. The drainage was removed on day 2 after surgery and the patient was discharged on day 3. No post-operative complication occurred. The anatomopathologic exam gave evidence of myelolipoma and hemorrhagic cyst. Discussion The benefits of the laparoscopic approach are widely demonstrated and consist of a shorter hospital stay, reduced morbility decreased analgesic requirement, and reduced intraoperative blood loss. One of the most discussed topics is the dimensional cut-off and it is not clear if the laparoscopy approach should be used in large adrenal masses (considering the longer operative time and increasing blood loss). Many surgeons performed laparoscopic adrenalectomy for masses of up to 13 cm, thus demonstrating that this procedure is safe and effective. A limitation of laparoscopic approach for adrenal giant masses is the increased risk to treat an adrenal cortical carcinoma. Conclusions Our experience, supported by the literature, demonstrates that the laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a feasible and effective surgical technique also in the case of giant masses. Preoperative diagnosis has a predominant role to determine the contraindication of this technique (invasive adrenal carcinoma).
Semi‐supervised linear discriminant analysis
Authors: Toher Deirdre , Downey Gerard , Murphy Thomas Brendan 
Published: November 2011

Fisher's linear discriminant analysis is one of the most commonly used and studied classification methods in chemometrics. The method finds a projection of multivariate data into a lower dimensional space so that the groups in the data are well separated. The resulting projected values are subsequently used to classify unlabeled observations into the groups.A semi‐supervised version of Fisher's linear discriminant analysis is developed so that the unlabeled observations are also used in the model‐fitting procedure. This approach is advantageous when few labeled and many unlabeled observations are available.The semi‐supervised linear discriminant analysis method is demonstrated on a number of data sets where it is shown to yield better separation of the groups and improved classification over Fisher's linear discriminant analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrathin Platinum Nanowire Catalysts for Direct CN Coupling of Carbonyls with Aromatic Nitro Compounds under 1 Bar of Hydrogen
Authors: Hu Lei , Cao Xueqin , Ge Danhua , Hong Haiyan , Guo Zhiqiang , Chen Liang , Sun Xuhui , Tang Jianxin , Zheng Junwei , Lu Jianmei , Gu Hongwei 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTraditionally important in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and synthetic dye industries, CN coupling has proved useful for the preparation of a number of valuable organic compounds. Here, a new method for the direct one‐pot reductive CN coupling from carbonyl and aromatic nitro compounds is described. Employing ultrathin platinum nanowires as the catalyst and hydrogen as the reducing agent, N‐alkylamines were achieved in high yields. Debenzylation products were not detected after prolonged reaction times. Time‐dependent analysis, ReactIR spectroscopy and DFT calculations revealed that the CN coupling proceeded through a different mechanism than traditional “reductive amination.” N‐Alkylamines were directly obtained by intermolecular dehydration over platinum nanowires under a hydrogen atmosphere, instead of intramolecular water elimination and imine hydrogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: SrNbO2N as a Water‐Splitting Photoanode with a Wide Visible‐Light Absorption Band.
Authors: Maeda Kazuhiko , Higashi Masanobu , Siritanaratkul Bhavin , Abe Ryu , Domen Kazunari 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSrNbO2N, an n‐type semiconductor with a band gap of ca. 1.8 eV, is deposited on a fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by electrophoretic deposition followed by calcination in air at 673 K for 0.5 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus‐Centered and Phosphinidene‐Capped Tungsten Chloride Clusters.
Authors: Stroebele Markus , Eichele Klaus , Meyer H.‐Juergen 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe new P‐centered W6PCl17 (I) cluster compound is prepared by reduction of WCl6 with red phosphorus (evacuated silica tube, 370 °C, 24 h; 95% yield estimated from XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Phosphine—Phosphite Ligands in the Enantioselective 1,4‐Addition of Grignard Reagents to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Naeemi Qaseem , Robert Tobias , Kranz Darius P. , Velder Janna , Schmalz Hans‐Guenther 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,4‐addition of Grignard reagents towards cyclic ketones proceeds efficiently in the presence of novel chiral phosphine—phosphite ligands (I) to give the adducts (IV) and (VI) in up to 93% optical purity.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Additions of Electron‐Rich Heterocycles onto β‐Perfluoroalkyl Enones.
Authors: Leuger Julia , Blond Gaelle , Billard Thierry , Haufe Guenter , Langlois Bernard R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractElectron‐rich heterocyclic compounds such as hydroxycoumarins (I) as well as furan, pyrrole and indole derivatives (IX) react with β‐perfluoroalkylated enones (II) to give the corresponding 1,4‐addition products.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—S Coupling: Access to Thioethers, Benzo[b]thiophenes, and Thieno[3,2‐b]thiophenes.
Authors: Kuhn Marius , Falk Florian C. , Paradies Jan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThiourea is applied as a cheap and easy to handle dihydrosulfide surrogate to synthesize symmetrical diaryl sulfides from aryl bromides or iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Ring Opening and Isomerization Reactions of 3,4‐Epoxyesters Catalyzed by Boron Trifluoride.
Authors: Izquierdo Javier , Rodriguez Santiago , Gonzalez Florenci V. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRing opening in the presence of alcohols and BF3·Et2O affords 4‐alkoxy‐3‐hydroxyesters as major products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Biscyclopropanated 1,3,5‐Tricarbonyl Compounds. A Combined Synthetic, Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study.
Authors: Rahn Thomas , Bendrath Franziska , Hein Martin , Baumann Wolfgang , Jiao Haijun , Boerner Armin , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA diversity of biscyclopropanated 1,3,5‐tricarbonyl compounds, e.g. (VI) and (X), is prepared by a combination of Claisen condensation and cyclopropanation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition and Cascade Acyl Transfer Reaction of α‐Nitroketones.
Authors: Lu Rui‐jiong , Yan Yun‐yun , Wang Jin‐jia , Du Quan‐sheng , Nie Shao‐zhen , Yan Ming 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTUR efficiently promotes the reaction yielding 5‐nitropent‐2‐enoates with high enantioselectivity but only low diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryne Reaction with Trifluoromethyl Ketones in Three Modes: C—C Bond Cleavage, [2 + 2] Cycloaddition and O‐Arylation.
Authors: Yoshida Hiroto , Ito Yu , Yoshikawa Yunito , Ohshita Joji , Takaki Ken 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIt is demonstrated that benzyl trifluoromethyl ketones (II) serve as versatile substrates for a C—C bond cleavage reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Allenoates with Trifluoromethylketones: Synthesis of Dihydrofurans and Tetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Wang Tong , Ye Song 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTitle cycloaddition proceeds with excellent γ‐regioselectivity to give dihydrofurans (III) in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Thiophenes Bearing SO2R Substituents.
Authors: Bheeter Charles Beromeo , Bera Jitendra K. , Doucet Henri 
Published: November 2011

Abstract2‐Sulfonylated thiophenes smoothly and selectively undergo direct arylation to produce 5‐substituted derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Pyrene‐Based Fluorescent Sensor for Zn2+ Ions: A Molecular “Butterfly”.
Authors: Manandhar Erendra , Broome J. Hugh , Myrick Jalin , Lagrone Whitney , Cragg Peter J. , Wallace Karl J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe title compound (III) self‐assembles in the presence of ZnCl2 in an exclusively 2:1 ratio.
ChemInform Abstract: Verdazyl Radicals as Substrates for Organic Synthesis: A Synthesis of 3‐Methyl‐5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazolones.
Authors: Bancerz Matthew , Georges Michael K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCoupling of verdazyls with styrene followed by acidic hydrolysis allows a new access to 5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazolones.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium(III)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction of Brassard‐Type Diene with Aliphatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Lin Lili , Kuang Yulong , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe reaction affords α,β‐unsaturated lactones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiopure Substituted Piperidines via an Aziridinium Ring Expansion.
Authors: Jarvis Scott B. D. , Charette Andre B. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe ring expansion of chiral pyrrolinols proceeds via intermediate aziridine formation which is followed by treatment with various C‐, N‐, O‐ and S‐nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expeditious Approach to 1‐(Isoquinolin‐1‐yl)guanidines via a Three‐Component Reaction of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldehyde, Sulfonohydrazide, with Carbodiimide.
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Ye Shengqing , Jin Hanpeng , Liu Jianping , Wu Jie 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAmong the novel isoquinolinylguanidines (IV), (VI) prepared, compounds with promising PTP1B inhibiting activity are identified.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction of 2‐Alkynylhalobenzene with 2‐Alkynylaniline: A Novel and Efficient Route to 11H‐Indeno[1,2‐c]quinolin‐11‐ols.
Authors: Pan Xiaolin , Luo Yong , Wu Jie 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe unexpected formation of title compounds (III) is only observed when the reaction mixture is exposed to air atmosphere after the consumption of the starting material.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Tetracyclic 7‐Oxo‐pyrido[3,2,1‐de]acridine Derivatives.
Authors: Chen Ching‐Huang , Lin Yi‐Wen , Kakadiya Rajesh , Kumar Amit , Chen Yu‐Ting , Lee Te‐Chang , Su Tsann‐Long 
Published: November 2011

AbstractVarious mono‐ and dihydroxypiperidino‐fused glyfoline analogues, e.g. (I), and their acetylated analogues are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Vanadium‐Catalyzed Oxidation of 1,3‐Dithianes from Aldehydes and Ketones Using β‐Amino Alcohol Derived Schiff Base Ligands.
Authors: Wu Yinuo , Mao Fei , Meng Fanchao , Li Xingshu 
Published: November 2011

Abstract1,3‐Dithiane substrates, derived from aromatic aldehydes, are oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Reactions of 2‐Methyl‐7‐(3‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐4‐yl)‐5‐arylthiazolo [3,2‐a]pyrimido[4,5‐d]oxazin‐4(5H)‐one.
Authors: Youssef Mohamed Salah K. , Abbady Mohamed S. , Ahmed Ragaa A. , Omar Ahmed A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCompounds, e.g. (Vb), (VIIb), and (Xb), exhibit significant antibacterial activity against several bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus or E.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted 6‐[(1H‐1,2,3‐Triazol‐1‐yl)methyl]uracils Through the “Click” Protocol.
Authors: Jansa Petr , Spacek Petr , Votruba Ivan , Brehova Petra , Dracinsky Martin , Klepetarova Blanka , Janeba Zlatko 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA variety of acyclic triazolo nucleoside analogues is synthesized utilizing Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide—alkyne Huisgen “click” cycloaddition reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Effects on the Electronic Properties of Extended Fused‐Ring Thieno[3,4‐b]pyrazine Analogues.
Authors: Nietfeld Jon P. , Schwiderski Ryan L. , Gonnella Thomas P. , Rasmussen Seth C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBased on electrochemical and spectroscopic studies, clear relationships between chemical structures of fused thienopyrazines and their electronic properties are found.
ChemInform Abstract: Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction of Phosphinyl and Phosphonyl Nitroso Alkenes with Conjugated Dienes: An Aza‐Cope Rearrangement.
Authors: de los Santos Jesus M. , Ignacio Roberto , Rubiales Gloria , Aparicio Domitila , Palacios Francisco 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTreatment of the nitroso alkenes (I) with cyclopentadiene and cyclohexadiene results in unexpected formation of bicyclic products of type (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of New 3‐(3‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐4‐alkyl‐3,4‐dihydrobenzo[e][1,3]oxazepine‐1,5‐dione Compounds.
Authors: Osman Hasnah , Mohammad AbdulKarim‐Talaq , Yeap Guan‐Yeow , Adam Farook 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCompounds (III) are purified by recrystallisation from 1,4‐dioxane.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Alkenyl‐ and Arylsilylation Reactions Forming 1‐Silaindenes.
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Yamaguchi Yoshiyuki , Shigeno Masanori , Sato Shinya , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn the presence of an Au(I)‐phosphine catalyst, alkenyl‐ and arylsilanes (I), (III), (V), (VII), and (IX) undergo intramolecular cyclization reactions onto appendant alkyne moieties to afford 1‐silaindene derivatives (II), (IV), (VI),(VIII) and (X)/(XI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Total Synthesis of Cytopiloyne, an Antidiabetic Polyacetylenic Glucoside.
Authors: Kumar Chidambaram Ramesh , Tsai Chi‐Hui , Chao Yu‐Sheng , Lee Jinq‐Chyi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBoth diastereomers are prepared and their structures are characterized.
ChemInform Abstract: New Cytotoxic δ‐Valerolactones from Cornus walteri
Authors: Kim Ki Hyun , Shin Young June , Choi Sang Un , Lee Kang Ro 
Published: November 2011

Abstractisolation, structural elucidation and cytotoxicity of two new δ‐valerolactone enantiomers (I), walterolactones A and B, along with two known δ‐valerolactones
A SERS‐active microfluidic device with tunable surface plasmon resonances
Authors: Xu Bin‐Bin , Ma Zhuo‐Chen , Wang Huan , Liu Xue‐Qing , Zhang Yong‐Lai , Zhang Xu‐Lin , Zhang Ran , Jiang Hao‐Bo , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐active microfluidic device with tunable surface plasmon resonances is presented here. It is constructed by silver grating substrates prepared by two‐beam laser interference of photoresists and subsequent metal evaporation coating, as well as PDMS microchannel derived from soft lithography. By varying the period of gratings from 200 to 550 nm, surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) from the metal gratings could be tuned in a certain range. When the SPRs match with the Raman excitation line, the highest enhancement factor of 2×107 is achieved in the SERS detection. The SERS‐active microchannel with tunable SPRs exhibits both high enhancement factor and reproducibility of SERS signals, and thus holds great promise for applications of on‐chip SERS detection.
High frequency of BTG1 deletions in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children with down syndrome
Authors: Lundin Catarina , Hjorth Lars , Behrendtz Mikael , Nordgren Ann , Palmqvist Lars , Andersen Mette Klarskov , Biloglav Andrea , Forestier Erik , Paulsson Kajsa , Johansson Bertil 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPrevious cytogenetic studies of myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemias in children with Down syndrome (ML‐DS and DS‐ALL) have revealed significant differences in abnormality patterns between such cases and acute leukemias in general. Also, certain molecular genetic aberrations characterize DS‐related leukemias, such as GATA1 mutations in ML‐DS and deregulation of the CRLF2 gene in DS‐ALL. Whether microdeletions/microduplications also vary between DS and non‐DS cases is presently unclear. To address this issue, we performed single nucleotide polymorphism array analyses of eight pediatric ML‐DS and 17 B‐cell precursor DS‐ALL. In the ML‐DS cases, a total of 29 imbalances (20 gains and nine losses) and two partial uniparental isodisomies (pUPDs) were detected. None of the 11 small (defined as <10 Mb) imbalances were recurrent, nor were the pUPDs, whereas of the 18 large aberrations, three were recurrent—dup(1q), +8 and +21. In contrast, several frequent changes were identified in the DS‐ALL cases, which harbored 82 imbalances (30 gains and 52 losses) and four pUPDs. Of the 40 large changes, 28 were gains and 12 losses, with +X, dup(Xq), dup(1q), del(7p), dup(8q), del(9p), dup(9p), del(12p), dup(17q), and +21 being recurrent. Of the 40 microdeletions identified, several targeted specific genes, with the following being repeatedly deleted: BTG1 and CDKN2A/B (29% of cases), ETV6, IKZF1, PAX5 and SERP2 (18%), and BTLA, INPP4B, P2RY8, and RB1 (12%). Loss of the SERP2 and INPP4B genes, encoding the stress‐associated endoplasmic reticulum protein family member 2 and the inositol polyphosphate 4‐phosphatase‐II, respectively, has previously never been implicated in leukemia. Although deletions of the other genes have been associated with ALL, the high frequency of BTG1 loss is a novel finding. Such deletions may characterize a clinical subgroup of DS‐ALL, comprising mainly boys with a high median age. In conclusion, ML‐DS and DS‐ALL are genetically distinct, with mainly gains in ML‐DS and deletions in DS‐ALL. Furthermore, DS‐ALL is characterized by several recurrent gene deletions, with BTG1 loss being particularly frequent. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.