bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of ex‐press miniature implant with standard trabeculectomy after combined glaucoma surgery
Authors: IBANEZ J , PEREZ GARCIA D , PEIRO C , JIMENEZ B , RAMIRO P , CABEZON L , MATEO A , CRISTOBAL JA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate postoperative outcomes after combined phacoemulsification and glaucoma surgery with Ex‐PRESS miniature implant compared with combined surgery with standard trabeculectomy.Methods Prospective series of 24 consecutive eyes we compared 12 eyes in patients treated with combined phacoemulsification and glaucoma filtering surgery with the Ex‐PRESS miniature glaucoma implant under a scleral flap with 12 matched control eyes in patients who underwent combined cataract and glaucoma surgery with trabeculectomy.Results The average follow‐up was 10 months (range 3.4 to 14) for the Ex‐PRESS group and 12.3 months (range 4.0 to 16.5) for the trabeculectomy group. The mean IOP was significantly higher in the early postoperative period in the Ex‐PRESS group compared with the trabeculectomy group. Complications rate in the early postoperative period was significantily higher in the trabeculectomy group. No significant differences were objectified in success between both groups after the first week.Conclusion The Ex‐PRESS implant is an effective alternative to standard trabeculectomy in selected cases which makes possible to reduce the classic early postoperative complications associated with trabeculectomy.
A grading system for alterations of the lid wiper zone in ocular surface disease
Authors: NEPP J , MUNK M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The lid wiper is a part of the lid margin, with many important functions for the ocular surface. Until now changes of the lid wiper where said to be symptoms of dry eyes. This study should observe the changes according pathogenesis and etiology of ocular surface diseases.Methods Worse eye of 61 outdoor department patients were observed. We evaluated the etiology according the triple classification and the pathogenesis auf lipids, mucins and water layer as well as the corneal epithel. The wiper was observed by clinical changes of vessels and staining with lissamin green. We observed the relation of these changes with the etiology and pathogenetic cause.Results There was a correlation of Lid‐Wiper changes with inflammation and immune diseases, as well with hormonal disorders. There was a low correlation with psychologic problems and with patient‘s age.Conclusion By these observations the grading system could be modified by including vessel changes and locations of lissamin green staining for definition of the ocular surface dysfunction.
Prevalence of MGD in a clinical dry eye population
Authors: HORWATH‐WINTER J , RABENSTEINER DF , SCHWANTZER G , BOLDIN I , WACHSWENDER C , SCHMUT O 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The meibomian glands inside the tarsal plates of the eyelids contribute to the superficial lipid layer of the tear film. These lipids reduce evaporation of tears, enhance tear film stability, protect the ocular surface and provide a clear optical image. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a common condition and can lead to evaporative dry eye. The purpose of this study was to characterize patients in an Austrian dry eye unit with MGD.Methods Between 2004 and 2010, 1372 consecutive patients with ocular discomfort from the dry eye unit of the Ophthalmological Department, Medical University Graz, were analysed retrospectively. Subjective symptoms were evaluated with a visual analogue scale. Fluorescein‐break up time, Schirmer test without local anaesthesia, fluorescein and lissamine green staining of the ocular surface and evaluation of the lid margins were performed. MGD patients were defined as follows: presence of teleangiectasia, irregularity of the lid margins, altered expressibility of meibomian glands and poor quality of expressed meibomian gland secretions.Results Overall 70.2% of all patients suffered from MGD. The mean age of these patients was 55.3 ± 16.6 years and 70.9% were women. 52.1% of the MGD patients had Schirmer test values equal or below 10mm/5min and 30.1% of the MGD patients had Schirmer test values equal or below 5mm/5min. Sjögren's syndrome according to the American‐European Consensus Group was found in 4% of the MGD patients. The intensity of subjective symptoms did not differ among these patients.Conclusion MGD is a major cause of ocular discomfort as evaluated in a large clinic‐based population of Austria. Tear deficiency is often accompanied with this disorder.
Correlation of non‐contact Meibography to dry eye symptoms and signs in Sjögren`s syndrome and graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: RABENSTEINER DF , HORWATH‐WINTER J , BOLDIN I , BAUER H , NITSCHE M , SCHMUT O 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Severe dry eye is often observed in patients suffering from Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) or chronic graft‐versus‐host‐disease (cGVHD). Although the underlying pathomechanisms differ, deficient tear production, as well as meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) are present in both. Non‐contact Meibography can achieve a non‐invasive investigation of the meibomian glands inside the tarsal plates of the eyelids. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation of non‐contact Meibography to dry eye symptoms in patients suffering from SS or cGVHD.Methods We examined 37 patients suffering from SS and 11 patients with cGVHD of our dry eye unit. Subjective dry eye symptoms were evaluated with a visual analogue scale and the Ocular Surface Disease Index© (OSDI). Clinical signs of MGD were graded from 0 to 3 according to the Report of the TFOS Workshop on MGD. Non‐contact Meibography was performed by a Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 1, featuring two infrared diode lasers. Partial or complete loss of the meibomian glands was scored according to the meiboscore of Arita and colleagues.Results The mean age of the study population was 55.3 ± 13.4 years and 91.7% were women. The Meiboscore correlated significantly with the subjective symptoms assessed by visual analogue scale. The grading of the lid margins correlated significantly with the Meiboscore.Conclusion Non‐contact Meibography is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of MGD. Standard ophthalmic angiography cameras equipped with infrared diodes can easily perform it. The meiboscore correlates with the intensity of subjective symptoms and lid margin changes in patients suffering from SS or cGVHD.
PCR, principles, advantages and pitfalls: focus in some viral infections of the anterior segment of the eye
Authors: LABETOULLE M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGene amplification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become the gold standard for microbiological diagnosis in eye diseases, particularly in those related to viruses. Even if the specificity and the sensibility indexes are much higher than conventional methods, gene amplification may present some limits. For example, uveitis with low grade viral replication may induce false‐negative PCR results while assessment of the immune charge in aqueous may be positive in such cases. For infections of the ocular surface, PCR is usually much more effective than isolation of the virus in cell culture, but the high sensibility may inversely induce false‐positive results. For example, continuous shedding of herpes simplex in tears is known to occur regularly even in asymptomatic patients, which could mask the real diagnosis of any other cause of ocular redness. Even latest technologies, such as real time quantitative PCR, are not completely satisfying since a misuse of this very sensitive technique may also lead to false positive results if effective controls are not systematically used for each assay, due to the self‐fluorescence of the PCR mix when the number of thermal cycles increases. Inversely, vital dies, anesthetics eye drops or non‐optimal tissues purification may lead to false negative results due to the inhibition of the polymerase reaction.
New test for rapid Acanthamoeba diagnosis
Authors: GOLDSCHMIDT P , DEGORGE S , BENALLAOUA D , BORSALI E , LE BOUTER A , BATELLIER L , BORDERIE V , LAROCHE L , CHAUMEIL C 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a sight‐threatening infection. Classic PCR enhanced sensitivity but required post‐amplification procedures, increasing contamination risks. The reported real‐time PCRs are unable to detect all the genotypes associated with pathology. We present a new strategy validated American Type Cell Collection strains and corneal scrapings.Methods A were detected by a fast PCR (f‐d‐real‐t PCR) and negativity confirmed by SYBR Green. Sequences selected in the mitochondrion were: forward primer: 5‘GCAGTCGCGGTAATACGA; reverse: 5’ACCACCTACGCACCCTTTACA and probe: 6‐FAM‐AGTGTTATTCGCATTGACTGGGTGTAA‐TAMRA.Results The new test detects all A with different lab equipment (1 cyst or less/specimen). A.astronyxis signals are inferior to others; however, primers diluted in SYBR Green mix (without probe) detect 0.1 cyst/µl or less of this strain. For clinical samples microscopic examination and cultures detected 6 out 10 but f‐d‐real‐t PCR 100% with results confirmed by SYBR Green. Other PCRs bracketing different regions (ribosome) detected 80 % and produced false positives for samples containing Salmonella lexinton, C. sporulans, S. marcescens and Propionibacteria.Conclusion Highly sensitive diagnosis is necessary to administrate efficient treatments at the onset of AK. The strains from the ATCC with higher sensitivity and specificity than techniques previously reported. New approaches based on High Resolution Melting r‐t PCR are in development in the CHNO to detect and molecularly characterize in one run different strains of protozoa and Fungi infecting the eye.
PCR in acute bacterial endophthalmitis
Authors: CHIQUET C 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose this review aims to summarize studies which assessed the use of PCR in post operative endophthalmitis. Endophthalmitis is a rare but devastating complication of ocular surgeries. There is a need for more rapid and more sensitive microbiological techniques since clinicians should rapidly identify bacterial pathogens.Methods different microbiological techniques will be presented, eubacterial PCR, real time PCRResults Column‐based nucleic acid purification allows removal of DNA‐polymerase inhibitors. Real time PCR is more sensitive than culture, allows the detection and identification of specific micro‐organisms, DNA quantification, and has a faster turn around time (no post‐PCR step). The PCR amplification of 16S rDNA uses consensus primers (panbacterial PCR) and is followed by identification from analysis of 16S rDNA sequence (BIBI). This technique has the advantages of amplification of DNA from all bacteria, and identification of bacteria difficult to identify phenotypically (e.g. coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus species). However drawbacks are the possible contaminations, the duration (2‐3 days including sequencing), and the impossibility of differentiating mixed bacterial species in the same clinical sample. A summary of the main published clinicomicrobiological studies will be presented.Conclusion PCR techniques are complementary tools to culture. New techniques of PCR are needed in order to be faster and more sensitive. Genomic characterization of strain virulence of bacteria involved in endophthalmitis could help clinicians to identify patients needing a more aggressive treatment and to develop new drugs.
Digital analysis of the trabecular pigmentation using Positive Pixel Count algorithm
Authors: PETROSKA D , PAJAUJIS M , LEVINAITE G , RIAUKA R , ASOKLIS R 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To analyze the trabecular pigmentation after sinustrabeculectomy using semi thin slices with optical microscopy and morphometrically and compare with clinical data.Methods 10 glaucoma patients (10 eyes), 6 males and 4 females, underwent conventional sinustrabeculectomy. The trabecular specimens were prepared as semi thin slices (stained with Toluidin Blue) and analyzed using optical microscopy. The semi thin virtual slides were made by ScanScope and analyzed with Aperio Positive Pixel Count algorithm. The demographic, clinical and morphometrical data were analyzed using SAS Enterprise Guide 4.2 statistic software.Results Correlation analysis of quantitative morphometric and clinical variables were not statistically significant: the probability coefficient between number of positive pigment pixels and pachymetry, highest IOP and glaucoma duration was higher than 0.05.Conclusion 1. There was no statistic significance between morphometric and clinical variables. 2. Further studies of the trabecular tissue, using larger cohort are required.
Deep Scelerectomy: Contra
Authors: ZEYEN T 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDeep sclerectomy claims to be safer than trabeculectomy. This might have been true in the past but, with modern techniques, “safe trabeculectomy” can be performed with few complications. Deep sclerectomy claims to be a “non‐perforating” procedure. It is probably more correct to name it a two‐stage perforating procedure since post‐operative Yag‐laser goniopuncture is necessary in > 50% of the cases. Since an iridectomy is not performed during deep sclerectomy, iris incarceration can occur after goniopuncture and can be easily missed. Furthermore, it is puzzling that new modifications of deep sclerectomy include using an Express implant, converting it right away to a perforating procedure. Finally, a trabeculectomy usually provides lower post‐operative IOPs than a deep sclerectomy. Since one of the reasons to operate is to obtain a low target IOP, it is advisable to perform a trabeculectomy.
Relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer evaluation and visual field results in healthy and glaucoma individuals
Authors: CALVO P , GIL‐ARRIBAS L , GÜERRI N , OTIN S , FERRANDEZ ARENAS B , ALTEMIR I , GARCIA MARTIN E , FERRERAS A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To determine the relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured with spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the retinal sensitivity tested by standard automated perimetry (SAP).Methods Two hundred and five subjects (100 healthy and 105 with different levels of glaucomatous damage subjects) were prospective and consecutively recruited. Only one eye per participant was randomly chosen. Glaucoma patients had intraocular pressure higher than 21 mmHg and glaucomatous optic disc appearance. All of them underwent imaging with the Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) and at least one reliable perimetry. SAPs were performed with a Humphrey Field Analyzer, using the 24‐2 SITA Standard strategy. Left eye data were converted to a right eye format. The Kolmogorov Smirnov test was applied to check that the data were normally distributed. Threshold values of SAP were converted to a linear scale. Pearson correlations were calculated between the 52 threshold values tested by 24‐2 algorithm of SAP and OCT parametersResults Age was not different between both groups (p=0.09). In the whole sample, the strongest correlation was found between point 15 of SAP and RNFL thickness at inferior quadrant (r=0.670; p<0.001). The healthy group showed few and mild correlations. In the glaucoma group, the strongest correlation was also found between point 15 of SAP and inferior RNFL thickness at inferior quadrant (0.664; p<0.001).Conclusion Normal individuals had mild correlations between few functional and structural parameters, while glaucoma patients showed mild to moderate correlations.
Kinetics of TP53, CASP3 and GADD45 genes expression in the rat lens after in vivo exposure to subthreshold dose of UV‐B radiation
Authors: GALICHANIN K , TALEBIZADEH N , YU Z , SÖDERBERG P 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Subthreshold dose exposures of UVR‐B over long time accumulate in the lens to cause cataract. The purpose of this study was to investigate kinetics of p53, caspase 3 and gadd45 genes in the rat lens after in vivo exposure to subthreshold UVR‐B around 300 nm.Methods Forty 6‐week‐old female albino Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed to subthreshold dose (1 kJ/m2) UVR at 300 nm unilaterally for 15 minutes. The animals were sacrificed at 1, 5, 24 and 120 h following the exposure to UVR‐B. p53, caspase 3 and gadd45 mRNA expression of the lenses was analysed by quantitative RT‐PCR.Results p53 is upregulated in 24 h and 120 h groups. Caspase 3 is upregulated in 120 h group. Gadd45 is upregulated in 1 h group.Conclusion p53 mRNA increased expression precedes caspase 3 mRNA increased expression in the rat lens after in vivo UVR‐B exposure. There was initial repair at 1 h showed by increased mRNA expression of DNA repair gene GADD45.
On the impact of multifocal IOL decentration and tilt on retinal image quality
Authors: PALLIKARIS IG , KONTADAKIS G , GINIS H 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The design of advanced (such as multifocal) intraocular lenses (IOLs) is based on the exact alignment of the optical element with the center of the pupil and its optical axis with the line of sight of the eye. It is the purpose of this study to evaluate the impact of multifocal IOL decentration and tilt on retinal image quality.Methods A series of patients implanted with multifocal IOLs were evaluated with a Scheimpflug imaging device (GALILEI Dual Scheimpflug Analyzer, Ziemer Switzerland), that was utilised to evaluate centration and tilt of the IOLs. Wavefront aberration was recorded using a retinal ray tracing device (iTrace, Tracey Technologies Houston, USA). Induced high order aberrations were correlated to the orientation of tilt and the location of the IOL.Results In multifocal IOLs, decentration in recpect to the pupil center is more detrimental to retinal image quality than tilt. Moreover, multifocal IOLs are more sensitive to tilt and decentration than monofocal IOLs in respect to the induced aberrations.Conclusion Modern imaging technologies in combination with wavefront abberation measurements may elucidate the impact of IOL location in the eye in retinal image quality. In certain cases, such as in diffractive lenses, where wavefront sensing has inherent limitations, retinal image quality may be evaluated by appropriate computer modeling.
Creating endothelial lenticules with femtoseconde laser: the double layer technique
Authors: BOURGES JL , ROUSSEAU A , SARAGOUSSI JJ , RENARD G , BEHAR‐COHEN F 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Femtosecond laser(FS) enhances reproducibility and accuracy in corneal surgery. However, visual outcomes of Femtoseconde Lamellar Endothelial Keratoplasty (FLEK) are still impaired by lenticule irregularities. We aimed to enhance the smoothness of interface of FLEK lenticules.Methods We proceeded for corneal cuts on experimental human corneas with the 60 and 150 kHz Intralase FS (AMO, USA). Laser settings were optimized to obtain the best interface quality while delivering minimal energy to the corneal stroma. We did each procedure in triplicate with the appropiate settings to test reproducibility. We created posterior lenticules for FLEK with the following FS various cut profiles: a single path profile (SP) performing a 500µm deep full lamellar cut, a double path profile (DP) with an identical lamellar cut performed twice, a double layer profile (DL) performing two successive lamellar cuts at 350µm and then at 150 µm depth. We created 100 µm LASIK free flaps as a control. The stromal interface quality of the so‐obtained interfaces was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).Results Stromal adherences persisted after both the SP and the DP procedure, creating central irregularities on the endothelial lenticule. The DL profile created the smoothest interfaces with the best reproducibility when FS parameters for lamellar cut were set for diameter (mm), depth (µm), energy (µJ), and spot size/step (µm) respectively on 9.0mm, 350µm, 2.1µJ, 4:4µm and 8.3mm, 150µm, 0.9µJ, 4:4µm. Observed with SEM, EK lenticules created with the DL profile and LASIK flap had similarly smooth interfaces.Conclusion Femtosecond lasers can creat EK lenticules with a quality of stromal interface comparable to refractive surgery.
Riboflavin’s time dependent degradation rate induced by ultra violet – A irradiation at 370 nm wavelength
Authors: DIAKONIS V , GRENTZELOS M , KANKARYIA V , TZATZARAKIS E , KARAVITAKI A , KYMIONIS G 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the time dependent degradation rate of riboflavin standard solution used for corneal cross linking (CXL) treatment, after ultra violet – A irradiation at 370 nm wavelengthMethods Riboflavin solution (> 0.1%) was diluted in nanopurewater to a final concentration of 10 ppm. Two solutions were used, one served as control, while the second was irradiated using an optical system with a light source consisting of an array of UV diodes (370 nm). Four samples of riboflavin solution were retrieved prior to irradiance (time point: 0), at 1, 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after irradiation (Group A); while, at the same time points samples of riboflavin were retrieved from the control solution in order to assess environmental time ‐ induced degradation of riboflavin (Group B). All samples were immediately analyzed using liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry to detect riboflavin and its two sub products (lumiflavin and lumichrome)Results The mean percentage of riboflavin degradation was 2.38, 11.08, 15.30, 20.75 and 34.78 at 1, 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after UV‐A irradiation for Group A (p<0.05), while for group B (no UV‐A exposure) there was no change in riboflavin concentrationConclusion The time dependent degradation of standard riboflavin solution is significant, reaching after 30 minutes of UV‐A exposure 20%. It seems that only a small fraction of the overall riboflavin molecules break down since, more than 65% remain intact even after one hour of UV‐A irradiation
Proteases and Proteolysis in the tears of people with Keratoconus
Authors: BALASUBRAMANIAN SIVA , PYE DAVID , WILLCOX MARK 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Keratoconus is a degenerating disease of the eye which causes an irregularly shaped cornea leading to impairment of vision.The role of proteases in keratoconus has been a topic of substantial discussion and speculation over many years.This study was designed to examine the levels and activity of proteases in the tear film of people with keratoconus.Methods A case‐controlled study was performed studying the tear proteome of keratoconus patients(K) and controls(N).Basal tears were collected using a capillary tube.Total protein(TP)in tears was estimated using BCA assay;the levels of lactoferrin(Lf),secretory immunoglobin A(sIgA) and serum albumin were measured using specific ELISAs.Levels and activity of tear proteases were studied using Raybiotech® Antibody Array and EnzChek® Assay Kits respectively.Results There was a two‐fold (p=0.0001) decrease in TP levels between K(3.86+1.62 mg/ml) and N(7.00+1.58 mg/ml). Levels of Lf(0.67+0.28 vs. 1.13+0.29 mg/ml) and sIgA(0.78+0.36 vs. 1.70+0.66 mg/ml) were also significantly(p=0.0001) reduced in K. The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)‐1,‐2,‐3,‐7,‐13,interleukins(IL)‐1α,‐3,‐4,‐5,‐6,‐8,‐10 and tumour necrosis factor(TNF)‐α,‐β were significantly(p=0.01)altered between K and N. Tear proteolysis(gelatinase/collagenase)was expressed as Fluorescence Intensity(FI).The activity of gelatinases(87.54+33.57 vs. 45.79+24.60 FI,p=0.0002)and collagenases(6.11+3.18 vs. 3.56+2.03 FI,p=0.03)were significantly increased in K.Conclusion The tears of people with keratoconus expressed high levels of proteases, increased proteolysis and a profoundly altered protein profile, which might change with the severity of the disease.These findings may lead the way to understanding or monitoring disease progression.