bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The writers and the detectives: Cultural difference, identity, and pedagogical disciplines in an integrated classroom
Authors: DiGrazia Jennifer , Stassinos Elizabeth 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTwo instructors, one from the English department and one from the Criminal Justice department, describe how, using intersectional analysis as a model, they moved from a “linked” to an “integrated” design for a co‐taught Criminal Justice course for first‐year students. They describe the evolution of the struggle with and strategies for addressing issues of culture, power, and identity within the courses.
From difficult dialogues to critical conversations: Intersectionality in our teaching and professional lives
Authors: Alejano‐Steele AnnJanette , Hamington Maurice , MacDonald Lunden , Potter Mark , Schafer Shaun , Sgoutas Arlene , Tull Tara 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe authors describe a faculty learning community that used intersectional analysis to facilitate critical conversations on the teaching of multicultural content.
Re‐seeing race in a post‐Obama age: Asian American studies, comparative ethnic studies, and intersectional pedagogies
Authors: Schlund‐Vials Cathy J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFocused on comparative ethnic studies and intersectionality, the author commences with a discussion about Barack Obama's historic inauguration and the Asian American literature classroom. Such historical and educational frames foreground a deeper discussion about the possibilities and challenges associated with cross‐cultural, cross‐racial pedagogies within Asian American studies and ethnic studies.
Diagnosis of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency using filter paper blood spots: further development of the method and 5 years experience
Authors: Opladen Thomas , Abu Seda Bettina , Rassi Anahita , Thöny Beat , Hoffmann Georg F. , Blau Nenad 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn every newborn with even mild hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiencies need to be excluded as soon as possible. Differential diagnosis is most commonly performed by analysis of urinary neopterin and biopterin. In 2005 a new method for the measurement of neopterin, biopterin and other pterins in dried blood spot (DBS) on filter paper was introduced. In order to evaluate the usefulness of this method as a standard tool for differential diagnosis of HPAs we analyzed neopterin, biopterin, pterin and dihydropteridine reductase activity in DBS from 362 patients with HPA over the period of five years. Age‐dependent reference values were established for the HPA population. Sixty‐four patients with BH4 deficiency (27 patients with 6‐pyruvoyl‐tetrahydropterin synthase deficiency, seven with GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency, and 30 with dihydropteridine reductase) were identified. Reference values for neopterin and biopterin in DBS were calculated for each of the variants. 6‐pyruvoyl‐tetrahydropterin synthase and GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency can be diagnosed by neopterin and biopterin analysis alone, while for diagnosis of dihydropteridine reductase deficiency additional determination of enzyme activity from the same DBS is essential. Regarding test sensitivity, the interpretation of neopterin and biopterin concentration per hemoglobin is more valid than the interpretation of neopterin and biopterin per liter. Percentage of biopterin, of the sum of neopterin and biopterin should always be calculated. In addition, determination of hemoglobin concentration is essential as a measure for efficient extraction of neopterin and biopterin. Although the measurement of neopterin and biopterin in urine is more sensitive due to the higher concentrations present, our data prove the usefulness of their measurement from DBS for the routine diagnosis of BH4 deficiencies.
Orthopaedic management of Hurler's disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a systematic review
Authors: van der Linden Marleen H. , Kruyt Moyo C. , Sakkers Ralph J. B. , de Koning Tom J. , Öner F. Cumhur , Castelein René M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe introduction of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has significantly improved the life‐span of Hurler patients (mucopolysaccharidosis type I‐H, MPS I‐H). Yet, the musculoskeletal manifestations seem largely unresponsive to HSCT. In order to facilitate evidence based management, the aim of the current study was to give a systematic overview of the orthopaedic complications and motor functioning of Hurler's patients after HSCT.MethodsA systematic review was conducted of the medical literature published from January 1981 to June 2010. Two reviewers independently assessed all eligible citations, as identified from the Pubmed and Embase databases. A pre‐developed data extraction form was used to systematically collect information on the prevalence of radiological and clinical signs, and on the orthopaedic treatments and outcomes.ResultsA total of 32 studies, including 399 patient reports were identified. The most frequent musculoskeletal abnormalities were odontoid hypoplasia (72%), thoracolumbar kyphosis (81%), genu valgum (70%), hip dysplasia (90%) and carpal tunnel syndrome (63%), which were often treated surgically during the first decade of life. The overall complication rate of surgical interventions was 13.5%. Motor functioning was further hampered due to reduced joint mobility, hand dexterity, motor development and longitudinal growth.ConclusionStem cell transplantation does not halt the progression of a large range of disabling musculoskeletal abnormalities in Hurler's disease. Although prospective data on the quantification, progression and treatment of these deformities were very limited, early surgical intervention is often advocated. Prospective data collection will be mandatory to achieve better evidence on the effect of treatment strategies.
The craniocervical junction following successful haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for mucopolysaccharidosis type I H (Hurler syndrome)
Authors: Miebach Elke , Church Heather , Cooper Alan , Mercer Jean , Tylee Karen , Wynn Robert F. , Wraith J. Edmond 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis I Hurler (MPS IH) is a progressive multisystemic disorder caused by alpha‐L‐iduronidase deficiency. First choice of treatment in MPS IH children is haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The effect of HSCT has been shown to have limited influence on skeletal manifestations by poor penetration of musculoskeletal tissues by the enzyme derived from donor leucocytes. Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HSCT on the craniocervical junction (CCJ) in Hurler patients. We analysed retrospectively sequential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 30 patients with Hurler disease treated by HSCT since 1982 at the Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, UK, in order to determine whether the patients suffer from dens hypoplasia. Results were compared with biochemical and clinical characteristics: Enzyme activity (EA), chimerism, urinary glycosaminoglycan (GAG) excretion and neurological status. Investigations were part of standard clinical procedures. Results are descriptive in presentation. In 26/30 patients a determination of odontoid hypoplasia was feasible. The majority showed a normal dens length and an increase with age. Only 3/26 revealed a dens hypoplasia. One of them had only partial donor engraftment (DE) with reduced EA, one of them suffered from chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD). One patient with only partial DE and reduced EA presented with initial dens hypoplasia until preadolescence but normalized later on. There may be a trend towards lower EA and the occurrence of DH in transplanted MPS patients ‐ perhaps the dosage of enzyme plays a role in the correction of skeletal complications in this patient group. HSCT patients with incomplete DE and therefore lower EAs may require special attention and care.
Three-Way Tucker2 Component Analysis Solutions of Stimuli × Responses × Individuals Data with Simple Structure and the Fewest Core Differences
Authors: Adachi Kohei 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMultivariate stimulus-response designs can be described by a three-way array of stimuli by responses by individuals. Its underlying structure can be represented by a network based on the Tucker2 component model in which stimulus components are connected with response components by means of the links that differ between individuals. For each individual such links are represented in a slice of the extended core array. For a proper understanding of these links, it is desirable that [1] the individual core slices as well as the component matrices have simple structures and [2] the differences of core slices between individuals are as few as possible. For attaining [1] and [2] we propose a method in which both the component matrices and the core slices of a Tucker2 solution are transformed simultaneously in order that the component matrices match simple target matrices and the core slices are summarized by a simple target slice. The proposed method is evaluated in a simulation study and illustrated with a three-way data array of semantic differential ratings.
Dietary Glucosylceramide Enhances Cornified Envelope Formation via Transglutaminase Expression and Involucrin Production
Authors: Hasegawa Tatsuya , Shimada Haruo , Uchiyama Taro , Ueda Osamu , Nakashima Masaya , Matsuoka Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this study, we investigated whether dietary glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and its metabolite sphingoid bases, sphingosine (SS), phytosphingosine (PS), sphingadienine (SD) and 4‐hydroxysphingenine (4HS), influence cornified envelope (CE) formation. CE is formed during terminal differentiation of the epidermis through crosslinking of specific precursor proteins by transglutaminases (TGases), and is essential for the skin's barrier function. Oral administration of GlcCer (0.25 mg/day) for 14 consecutive days dramatically reduced transepidermal water loss, an indicator of the skin barrier condition, in hairless mice with barrier perturbation induced by single‐dose ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. The GlcCer treatment also increased the level of TGase‐1 mRNA in UVB‐irradiated murine epidermis approximately 1.6‐fold compared with the control. Further, all four sphingoid bases at 1 μM concentration enhanced CE formation of cultured normal human keratinocyte cells. Among them, SS, PS and SD, but not 4HS, stimulated production of involucrin, one of the CE major precursor proteins. SD increased the expression of TGase‐1 mRNA, while SS increased the expression of TGase‐3 mRNA. These results indicate that the skin barrier improvement induced by oral GlcCer treatment might be at least partly due to a reinforcement of CE formation in the epidermis mediated by sphingoid bases metabolically derived from GlcCer.
Intra- and interrater agreement of pressure pain thresholds in children with orthopedic disorders
Authors: Nikolajsen Lone , Kristensen Anders D. , Pedersen Line K. , Rahbek Ole , Jensen Troels S. , Møller-Madsen Bjarne 
Published: March 2011

Purpose Pressure algometry is widely used to obtain measures of mechanical pain sensitivity in adults, both in experimental and clinical pain conditions. Only very few studies describe the use of pressure algometry in children. The purpose of this study was to produce reference values of pressure pain thresholds and to determine the intra- and interrater agreement, in order to introduce pressure algometry as a standardized method for the assessment of pain thresholds in children with orthopedic disorders. Methods Pressure pain thresholds were determined at the leg and at the thenar in 50 children aged 4–12 years. All were scheduled for physical examination at the outpatient Orthopedic Clinic at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, because of various orthopedic disorders such as clubfoot and Baker's cyst. Pressure pain thresholds were determined by two different raters: 20 children were examined twice by rater 1 (intrarater agreement), and another 20 children were examined by both rater 1 and rater 2 (interrater agreement). An additional ten children were examined once by rater 1 to increase the number of children used to determine the reference values. Results The pressure pain threshold was 183.1 kPa (mean, SD: 90.7) at the leg and 179.1 kPa (mean, SD: 97.4 kPa) at the thenar ( n = 50). Pressure pain thresholds were similar in boys ( n = 27) and girls ( n = 23). Also, pressure pain thresholds were not affected by age. Bland–Altman plots showed excellent intrarater agreement and satisfactory interrater agreement. Conclusion Pressure algometry has excellent intrarater agreement and satisfactory interrater agreement. Pressure algometry was well-tolerated even by very young children. The method deserves more widespread use both in clinical and experimental settings.
Factors Influencing Post-Operative Short-Term Outcomes of Vesicovaginal Fistula Repairs in a Community Hospital in Liberia
Authors: Munoz Oxana , Bowling C. Bryce , Gerten Kimberly A. , Taryor Rebecca , Norman Andy M. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Richter Holly E. 
Published: March 2011

Objectives: To assess factors influencing short-term outcomes of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repairs in community-dwelling women of Liberia, Africa. Methods: Forty patients who underwent VVF repairs were analyzed. Primary outcome was continence status at 14 days post repair. Factors influencing continence status were characterized. Results: The mean duration of leakage was 9.6 ±8.3 years, (3 months–28 years). Thirteen (33%) had previous repairs, and 6 (15%) had multiple fistula sites. Twenty-eight (70%) were continent at catheter removal. First time repairs had a higher continence rate compared to women with previous repairs, 78% and 54% respectively ( p = 0.15). Seven (47%) juxtaurethral repairs were considered failures, while only one (9%) juxtacervical fistula remained incontinent ( p =0.069). Controlling for duration of leakage, women with previous repairs were significantly less likely to be continent ( p = 0.04; adjusted OR = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.005, 0.83). Conclusions: Patients with previous VVF repairs and juxtaurethral fistulae experience lower success rates; surgery remains an effective treatment for many VVF patients.
Hysteroscopic metroplasty in patients with a uterine septum and otherwise unexplained infertility
Authors: Tonguc Esra A. , Var Turgut , Batioglu Sertac 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the reproductive outcomes of patients with a uterine septum and otherwise unexplained infertility who underwent hysteroscopic metroplasty, and to compare them with those of patients with the same diagnosis who did not have hysteroscopic metroplasty.MethodsThe present retrospective study included 127 patients with diagnosis of a uterine septum and otherwise unexplained infertility. The reproductive outcomes of 102 patients who underwent hysteroscopic metroplasty (group 1) and 25 patients who rejected the operation (group 2) were compared.ResultsOf the 102 patients who underwent hysteroscopic metroplasty, 44 (43.1%) were able to achieve pregnancy, as compared with 5 (20%) of the 25 patients who did not undergo the operation (P = 0.03). The abortion rate was 11.4% (5/44) in group 1, compared with 60% (3/5) in group 2 (P = 0.02). The live birth rate was 35.3% (36/102) in group 1, as compared with 8% (2/25) in group 2 (P = 0.008).ConclusionsThe results indicate that hysteroscopic metroplasty improves reproductive outcome for patients with a uterine septum and otherwise unexplained infertility.
2011 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Authors:   Alzheimer's Association
Published: March 2011

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the sixth leading cause of all deaths in the United States and is the fifth leading cause of death in Americans aged ≥65 years. Although other major causes of death have been on the decrease, deaths because of AD have been rising dramatically. Between 2000 and 2008 (preliminary data), heart disease deaths decreased by 13%, stroke deaths by 20%, and prostate cancer‐related deaths by 8%, whereas deaths because of AD increased by 66%.An estimated 5.4 million Americans have AD; approximately 200,000 people aged <65 years with AD comprise the younger‐onset AD population. Every 69 seconds, someone in America develops AD; by 2050, the time is expected to accelerate to every 33 seconds. Over the coming decades, the baby boom population is projected to add 10 million people to these numbers. In 2050, the incidence of AD is expected to approach nearly a million people per year, with a total estimated prevalence of 11 to 16 million people. Dramatic increases in the numbers of “oldest‐old” (those aged ≥85 years) across all racial and ethnic groups will also significantly affect the numbers of people living with AD.In 2010, nearly 15 million family and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 17 billion hours of care to people with AD and other dementias, a contribution valued at more than $202 billion. Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries aged ≥65 years with AD and other dementias are almost 3 times higher than for beneficiaries without these conditions. Total payments in 2011 for health care, long‐term care, and hospice services for people aged ≥65years with AD and other dementias are expected to be $183 billion (not including the contributions of unpaid caregivers).This report provides information to increase understanding of the public health effect of AD, including incidence and prevalence, mortality, health expenditures and costs of care, and effect on caregivers and society in general. The report also examines the current state of AD detection and diagnosis, focusing on the benefits of early detection and the factors that present challenges to accurate diagnosis.
Avoiding the risk of responsibility by seeking uncertainty: Responsibility aversion and preference for indirect agency when choosing for others
Authors: Leonhardt James M. , Keller L. Robin , Pechmann Cornelia 
Published: March 2011

AbstractUncertainty‐seeking behavior is currently understood as the result of loss aversion which motivates a preference for the possibility to avoid or lessen an otherwise sure loss. However, when choosing among negative options on behalf of others, we offer responsibility aversion as another possible motive for uncertainty‐seeking behavior. Within our conceptual model, responsibility aversion is defined as the preference to minimize one's causal role in outcome generation. Compared to certain options, uncertain options lessen the decision maker's causal role in outcome generation because the outcomes are partially determined by chance. The presence of chance increases indirect agency on behalf of the decision maker and lessens his or her perceived risk of responsibility. The results of five studies support a responsibility aversion motivation behind uncertainty‐seeking behavior.
Psychological ownership and affective reaction: Emotional attachment process variables and the endowment effect
Authors: Shu Suzanne B. , Peck Joann 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis research proposes that the concept of emotional attachment, and specifically the independent constructs of psychological ownership and affective reaction, can help explain many of the endowment effect findings documented in the literature. We define these constructs and then test them across a set of nine studies in which we both replicate previous and generate new endowment effect findings, and then show that psychological ownership and affective reaction can mediate the effects. In doing so, we offer direct empirical support for the idea of emotional attachment as a driver of loss aversion while also providing practitioners and future endowment effect researchers with new insights about the psychological processes that underlie the endowment effect.
Three Generations of Comparative Sociologies
Authors: Arjomand Saïd Amir 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSurveying three generations of comparative sociologists, separated by abrupt discontinuities, the study reaches the conclusion that the original promise of comparative sociology set in motion a century ago remains largely unfulfilled. It will then be argued that the work of the third generation of comparative sociologists on civilizational analysis and multiple modernities can redeem the promise of comparative sociology by rectifying the neglect of developmental patterns in other civilizations and recovering the fundamental relevance of the periphery. The third generation is thus seeking to undo the erasure of the historical experience of a very sizeable portion of humankind from the foundation of social theory. This argument is illustrated by selective reference to the concept of the nation-state, and comparisons of civilizational processes and developmental patterns that stem from different religions and traditions and generate varieties of nationalism, alternative modernities and patterns of secularization.
Establishing Distinctions: Unemployment versus Vagrancy in Austria from the Late Nineteenth Century to 1938
Authors: Wadauer Sigrid 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThis paper deals with the making of vagrancy in the context of early state welfare policy. Vagrancy is neither understood as an anachronism nor as deviance or marginality. Rather, it raises central questions concerning social policy and the history of labour. Starting from the problems of definition in the context of contemporary transnational debates, I will then focus on the practical implementation of distinctions in Austria from the late nineteenth century to the Anschluss in 1938. Different practices of varying efficacy will be accounted for, starting with the first attempts to formalize unemployment emerging in the late nineteenth century, when, based on a new understanding of unemployment as an effect of the labour market, new forms of supporting and regulating those wayfarers in search of employment were established. Such practices also aimed at outlawing vagrancy, with consistent penalties under the law. In addition, vagrancy will be discussed with respect to changing political regimes. Focusing on the 1920s and 1930s, the paper analyses crime statistics and crime records, and last but not least, the perspective of those who were “on the tramp”.
Trypanosome infections and survival in tsetse
Authors: Maudlin I. , Welburn S. C. , Milligan P. J. M. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe effect of trypanosome infection on vector survival was observed in a line ofGlossina morsitans morsitansselected for susceptibility to trypanosome infection. The differential effects of midgut and salivary gland infections on survival were examined by exposing flies to infection with eitherTrypanosoma congolensewhich colonizes midgut and mouthparts orTrypanosoma brucei rhodesiensewhich colonizes midgut and salivary glands. A comparison of the survival distributions of uninfected flies with those exposed to infection showed that salivary gland infection significantly reduces tsetse survival; midgut infection had little or no effect on the survival of tsetse. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the vectorial capacity of wild flies.