bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phenomenological study on the life experiences of parents of children with ADHD
Authors: Yurdakul Yeşim , Şirin Hande , Uzun Mehmet Erdem , Beyazit Utku , Bütün Ayhan Aynur , Günbayi İlhan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractADHD negatively affects the functionality of families and parents; however, no studies have examined the experiences of Turkish families with children diagnosed with ADHD. In this context, the present study aimed to explore the life experiences of Turkish parents with children diagnosed with ADHD. For this purpose, a descriptive phenomenological research design was used. Data were collected using a personal information and semi-structured interviews, while analysis was conducted using Giorgi’s phenomenological method. As a result of the content analysis, five main themes were identified, namely experiences regarding the diagnosis process, emotional reactions related to the diagnosis, experiences with social relations, influences of ADHD diagnosis on the family, and academic difficulties. In line with the results, it is suggested that mental health professionals and other related specialists should include the findings of parents’ life experiences in the treatment planning of children with ADHD and intervention programs should be developed for parents.
A Transformative Trip? Experiences of Psychedelic Use
Authors: Neitzke-Spruill Logan , Beit Caroline , Robinson Jill , Blevins Kai , Reynolds Joel , Evans Nicholas G. , McGuire Amy L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPsychedelic experiences are often compared to “transformative experiences” due to their potential to change how people think and behave. This study empirically examines whether psychedelic experiences constitute transformative experiences. Given psychedelics’ prospective applications as treatments for mental health disorders, this study also explores neuroethical issues raised by the possibility of biomedically directed transformation—namely, consent and moral psychopharmacology. To achieve these aims, we used both inductive and deductive coding techniques to analyze transcripts from interviews with 26 participants in psychedelic retreats. Results indicate that psychedelic experiences can constitute transformative experiences. Twenty participants reported experiences or insights that were seemingly inaccessible or impossible to attain if not for the psychoactive effects of psychedelics. All participants besides one reported some change in identity, values, beliefs, desires, and behavior—changes in behavior being the most common. Participants also reported feeling capable deciding to use psychedelics in part due to information seeking prior to their retreats. Finally, several participants reported an enhanced capacity for enacting changes in their lives. Our results underscore both the importance of subjective embodiment to transformation and the role of transformative agency in shaping outcomes of the psychedelic experience. We examine our results relative to neuroethical issues and advocate for centering the person in psychedelic research and neuroethical inquiry about psychedelics to avoid pitfalls associated with psychedelics’ potential as moral psychopharmacological agents.
Predictors of mortality of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia and the role of infectious diseases consultation and source control; a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Papadimitriou-Olivgeris Matthaios , Senn Laurence , Jacot Damien , Guery Benoit 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To determine predictors of mortality among patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia.

Methods
Retrospective study.

Setting
This study conducted at the Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland included adult patients with P. aeruginosa bacteraemia from 2015 to 2021.

Results
During the study period, 278 episodes of P. aeruginosa bacteraemia were included. Twenty (7%) isolates were multidrug-resistant. The most common type of infection was low respiratory tract infection (58 episodes; 21%). Sepsis was present in the majority of episodes (152; 55%). Infectious diseases consultation within 48 h of bacteraemia onset was performed in 203 (73%) episodes. Appropriate antimicrobial treatment was administered within 48 h in 257 (92%) episodes. For most episodes (145; 52%), source control was considered necessary, with 93 (64%) of them undergoing such interventions within 48 h. The 14-day mortality was 15% (42 episodes). The Cox multivariable regression model showed that 14-day mortality was associated with sepsis (P 0.002; aHR 6.58, CI 1.95–22.16), and lower respiratory tract infection (P < 0.001; aHR 4.63, CI 1.78–12.06). Conversely, interventions performed within 48 h of bacteraemia onset, such as infectious diseases consultation (P 0.036; HR 0.51, CI 0.27–0.96), and source control (P 0.009; aHR 0.17, CI 0.47–0.64) were associated with improved outcome.

Conclusion
Our findings underscore the pivotal role of early infectious diseases consultation in recommending source control interventions and guiding antimicrobial treatment for patients with P. aeruginosa bacteraemia.
Toward energy-efficient urban rail transit with capacity constraints under a public health emergency
Authors: Huang Kang , Liao Feixiong , Rasouli Soora , Gao Ziyou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUrban rail transit (URT) plays a pivotal role in mitigating urban congestion and emissions, positioning it as a sustainable transportation alternative. Nevertheless, URT’s function in transporting substantial numbers of passengers within confined public spaces renders it vulnerable to the proliferation of infectious diseases during public health crises. This study proposes a decision support model that integrates operational control strategies pertaining to passenger flow and train capacity utilization, with an emphasis on energy efficiency within URT networks during such crises. The model anticipates a URT system where passengers adhere to prescribed routes, adhering to enhanced path flow regulations. Simultaneously, train capacity utilization is intentionally limited to support social distancing measures. The model’s efficacy was assessed using data from the COVID-19 outbreak in Xi’an, China, at the end of 2021. Findings indicate that focused management of passenger flows and specific risk areas is superior in promoting energy efficiency and enhancing passenger convenience, compared to broader management approaches.
Traffic state estimation incorporating heterogeneous vehicle composition: A high-dimensional fuzzy model
Authors: Wang Shengyou , Dong Chunjiao , Shao Chunfu , Luo Sida , Zhang Jie , Meng Meng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccurate traffic state estimations (TSEs) within road networks are crucial for enhancing intelligent transportation systems and developing effective traffic management strategies. Traditional TSE methods often assume homogeneous traffic, where all vehicles are considered identical, which does not accurately reflect the complexities of real traffic conditions that often exhibit heterogeneous characteristics. In this study, we address the limitations of conventional models by introducing a novel TSE model designed for precise estimations of heterogeneous traffic flows. We develop a comprehensive traffic feature index system tailored for heterogeneous traffic that includes four elements: basic traffic parameters, heterogeneous vehicle speeds, heterogeneous vehicle flows, and mixed flow rates. This system aids in capturing the unique traffic characteristics of different vehicle types. Our proposed high-dimensional fuzzy TSE model, termed HiF-TSE, integrates three main processes: feature selection, which eliminates redundant traffic features using Spearman correlation coefficients; dimension reduction, which utilizes the T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding machine learning algorithm to reduce high-dimensional traffic feature data; and FCM clustering, which applies the fuzzy C-means algorithm to classify the simplified data into distinct clusters. The HiF-TSE model significantly reduces computational demands and enhances efficiency in TSE processing. We validate our model through a real-world case study, demonstrating its ability to adapt to variations in vehicle type compositions within heterogeneous traffic and accurately represent the actual traffic state.
The Distinct Composition and Transformation of Terrestrial Organic Carbon in the Yukon River Delta and Plume During the Mighty Spring Freshet
Authors: Burns A. J. , Spencer R. G. M. , Kellerman A. M. , Yan G. , Leonard L. , Kaiser K. , Mannino A. , Tzortziou M. , Hernes P. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArctic amplification is leading to increased terrestrial organic carbon (terrOC) mobilization with downstream impacts on riverine and marine biogeochemistry. To improve quantification and characterization of terrOC discharged to the Arctic Ocean, Yukon River delta samples were collected during three stages of the annual hydrograph (ascending limb/peak freshet, descending limb, late summer) and across a land‐to‐ocean salinity gradient (0.08–29.06 ppt). All samples were analyzed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and lignin phenols to determine seasonal variability in riverine terrOC and salinity‐induced transformation of highly aromatic terrestrial compounds. Additionally, the relationship between lignin and absorbance at 350 and 412 nm was assessed to determine the feasibility of using optical proxies for accurate quantification, both seasonally and across expansive salinity gradients. Lignin phenols were highest during the ascending limb/peak freshet (0.58–0.97 mg/100 mg OC) when riverine DOC was dominated by young vascular plant sources, whereas lignin phenols were lower (0.15–0.89 mg/100 mg OC) and riverine DOC more variable in terrestrial source and diagenetic state during the descending limb and late summer. Across the sampled salinity gradient, there was disproportionate depletion of lignin (up to 73%) compared to DOC (up to 22%). Finally, while optical proxies can be used to quantify lignin within seasonal or spatial contexts, increased uncertainty is likely when expanding linear correlations across Arctic land‐ocean continuums. Overall, results indicate seasonal, spatial, interannual, and climatic controls that are amplified during high‐flow conditions and important to constrain when investigating Arctic terrOC cycling and land‐ocean DOC flux.
Providing a common language for obesity: the European Association for the Study of Obesity obesity taxonomy
Authors: Bowman-Busato Jacqueline , Schreurs Lucas , Halford Jason C. G. , Yumuk Volkan , O’Malley Grace , Woodward Euan , De Cock Diederik , Baker Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The basis for a high-performing and resilient healthcare system is having a common, precise, and scientifically accurate language used across all stakeholder groups. However, such a common language is lacking for obesity. Therefore, the European Association for the Study of Obesity undertook a taxonomy initiative to provide standardised language for obesity as commonly used from policy to practice for other major policy-prioritised non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Methods
An online Delphi consensus study was conducted, involving a panel of experts representing stakeholder groups of policymakers, healthcare professionals, people with lived experience, and researchers. Based on the understanding of obesity as an adiposity-based chronic disease, 54 statements demarcated into definition, scope and contextual usage were developed across six themes: Definition of obesity, Causes, onset and progression, Obesity prevention, Screening and early diagnosis, Treatment and management, Obesity consequences.

Results
Of the 194 invited experts, 70 (36%), 63 (33%), and 58 (30%) experts participated in rounds one, two, and three, respectively. Consensus was achieved on 70% of the proposed definitions, scope, and contextual usage after round one, 94% after round two and 100% after round three. The Definition of Obesity theme included distinctions between population-level indicators and individual-level signs of obesity, and how pre-obesity was defined. The Causes, Onset and Progression theme characterised the timing of obesity development. The Obesity Prevention theme explicitly differentiated between health promotion and primary prevention. Both the Screening and Early Diagnosis, and the Treatment and Management themes defined concepts supporting a continuum of care model. The Consequences of Obesity theme encompassed health and socio-economic outcomes.

Conclusion
The taxonomy provides a contemporary evidence-based language about obesity that aligns with language used for policy-prioritised NCDs. The taxonomy is useful for education, advocacy, and communication and can be used by policymakers, healthcare professionals, people living with obesity, researchers, and health system users.
Impact of COVID-19 on the management of hypertension: a perspective on disease severity, service use patterns and expenditures from Ghana’s health insurance claims data
Authors: Fenny Ama Pokuaa , Otieku Evans , Owusu Achiaw Samuel , Okoe Boye Bernard , Asenso-Boadi Francis , Addo-Cobbiah Vivian , Musah Mariam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHypertension is a leading cause of morbidity in Ghana and other sub-Saharan African countries, but management has historically suffered from the fragility of health systems in these countries. This has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated measures. Our study examines and quantifies the effect of the pandemic on the management of hypertension in Ghana by determining changes in disease severity and presentation, as well as changes in health service use patterns and expenditures. We used cross-sectional data to perform an impact evaluation of COVID-19 on hypertension management before and during the pandemic. We employed statistical tests including t-tests, z-tests, and exact Poisson tests to estimate and compare hypertension episode intensity and related claim expenditures before and during the pandemic using medical claims data from Ghana’s National Health Insurance Authority database. The study duration includes a 12-month reference/pre-pandemic period (March 2019–February 2020) relative to the target/pandemic period (March 2020–February 2021). We observed that although there was a 20% reduction in the number of hypertension claimants in the pandemic year, there was an increase in hypertension severity as measured by the number of hypertension episodes per claimant. There was also an 18.64% or $22.88 (95% CI: $21–$25, p = 0.01042) increase in the average cost per hypertension claimant in the pandemic year. The increase in episodes per claimant had the largest financial impact on the average cost per claimant. The findings from our studies are relevant for future policymaking and strategy implementation for hypertension control in Ghana.
The in vitro dynamics of pseudo-vascular network formation
Authors: Oraiopoulou Mariam-Eleni , Couturier Dominique-Laurent , Bunce Ellie V. , Cannell Ian G. , Sweeney Paul W. , Naylor Huw , Golinska Monika , Hannon Gregory J. , Sakkalis Vangelis , Bohndiek Sarah E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Pseudo-vascular network formation in vitro is considered a key characteristic of vasculogenic mimicry. While many cancer cell lines form pseudo-vascular networks, little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics of these formations.

Methods
Here, we present a framework for monitoring and characterising the dynamic formation and dissolution of pseudo-vascular networks in vitro. The framework combines time-resolved optical microscopy with open-source image analysis for network feature extraction and statistical modelling. The framework is demonstrated by comparing diverse cancer cell lines associated with vasculogenic mimicry, then in detecting response to drug compounds proposed to affect formation of vasculogenic mimics. Dynamic datasets collected were analysed morphometrically and a descriptive statistical analysis model was developed in order to measure stability and dissimilarity characteristics of the pseudo-vascular networks formed.

Results
Melanoma cells formed the most stable pseudo-vascular networks and were selected to evaluate the response of their pseudo-vascular networks to treatment with axitinib, brucine and tivantinib. Tivantinib has been found to inhibit the formation of the pseudo-vascular networks more effectively, even in dose an order of magnitude less than the two other agents.

Conclusions
Our framework is shown to enable quantitative analysis of both the capacity for network formation, linked vasculogenic mimicry, as well as dynamic responses to treatment.
Zurletrectinib is a next-generation TRK inhibitor with strong intracranial activity against NTRK fusion-positive tumours with on-target resistance to first-generation agents
Authors: Roa Paola , Foglizzo Valentina , Harada Guilherme , Repetto Matteo , Kulick Amanda , de Stanchina Elisa , de Marchena Michelle , Auwardt Supipi , Sayed Ahmed Shaza , Bremer Nicole Virginia , Yang Soo-Ryum , Feng Yangbo , Zhou Chao , Kong Norman , Liang Ruixia , Xu Haipeng , Zhang Bin , Bardelli Alberto , Toska Eneda , Ventura Andrea , Drilon Alexander , Cocco Emiliano 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
While NTRK fusion-positive cancers can be exquisitely sensitive to first-generation TRK inhibitors, resistance inevitably occurs, mediated in many cases by acquired NTRK mutations. Next-generation inhibitors (e.g., selitrectinib, repotrectinib) maintain activity against these TRK mutant tumors; however, there are no next-generation TRK inhibitors approved by the FDA and select trials have stopped treating patients. Thus, the identification of novel, potent and specific next-generation TRK inhibitors is a high priority.

Methods
In silico modeling and in vitro kinase assays were performed on TRK wild type (WT) and TRK mutant kinases. Cell viability and clonogenic assays as well as western blots were performed on human primary and murine engineered NTRK fusion-positive TRK WT and mutant cell models. Finally, zurletrectinib was tested in vivo in human xenografts and murine orthotopic glioma models harboring TRK-resistant mutations.

Results
In vitro kinase and in cell-based assays showed that zurletrectinib, while displaying similar potency against TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC WT kinases, was more active than other FDA approved or clinically tested 1st- (larotrectinib) and next-generation (selitrectinib and repotrectinib) TRK inhibitors against most TRK inhibitor resistance mutations (13 out of 18). Similarly, zurletrectinib inhibited tumor growth in vivo in sub-cute xenograft models derived from NTRK fusion-positive cells at a dose 30 times lower when compared to selitrectinib. Computational modeling suggests this stronger activity to be the consequence of augmented binding affinity of zurletrectinib for TRK kinases. When compared to selitrectinib and repotrectinib, zurletrectinib showed increased brain penetration in rats 0.5 and 2 h following a single oral administration. Consistently, zurletrectinib significantly improved the survival of mice harboring orthotopic NTRK fusion-positive, TRK-mutant gliomas (median survival = 41.5, 66.5, and 104 days for selitrectinib, repotrectinib, and zurletrectinib respectively; P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Our data identifies zurletrectinib as a novel, highly potent next-generation TRK inhibitor with stronger in vivo brain penetration and intracranial activity than other next-generation agents.
Explicit measures for emotional congruence with children are related to sexual interests in a male community sample, but not implicit measures
Authors: Yoon Dahlnym , Hofmann Miriam J. , Mokros Andreas , Krüppel Jonas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study sought to disentangle several phenotypic correlates of pedophilic sexual interests, such as emotional congruence with children and lack of empathy. We utilized Implicit Association Tests and self-report questionnaires for emotional congruence with children and analyzed the psychometric properties of these measures. Further, we analyzed the associations between these measures and self-reported pedophilic sexual interests and empathy. The sample consisted of 110 adult community males (prevalence of sexual interest in children at least to some extent: 5.5%) with or without child-related jobs (43.6% vs. 56.4%) recruited online in the general population. Overall, we found equivocal parameters for reliability of the implicit and explicit measures of emotional congruence with children (α = 0.29 to 0.76). The self-reported emotional congruence with children was only weakly linked to the implicit positive evaluations of children (r = 0.170, p = 0.039), not linked to empathy except for distress in social interactions (r = 0.199, p = 0.019), and moderately linked to deviant sexual interests in children (r = 0.321 to 0.404, p < 0.001), especially in men working with children (R2 = 0.04, p = 0.027). Further studies are warranted to expand the sample to the offender population and explore the more complex network of constructs related to pedophilia.
Bacterial c-di-GMP triggers metamorphosis of mussel larvae through a STING receptor
Authors: Hu Xiao-Meng , Peng Lihua , Wang Yuyi , Ma Fan , Tao Yu , Liang Xiao , Yang Jin-Long 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBacteria induced metamorphosis observed in nearly all marine invertebrates. However, the mechanism of bacteria regulating the larvae-juvenile metamorphosis remains unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that c-di-GMP, a ubiquitous bacterial second-messenger molecule, directly triggers the mollusc Mytilus coruscus larval metamorphosis via the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) receptor. We determined that the deletion of c-di-GMP synthesis genes resulted in reduced c-di-GMP levels and biofilm-inducing activity on larval metamorphosis, accompanied by alterations in extracellular polymeric substances. Additionally, c-di-GMP extracted from tested varying marine bacteria all exhibited inducing activity on larval metamorphosis. Simultaneously, through pharmacological and molecular experiments, we demonstrated that M. coruscus STING (McSTING) participates in larval metamorphosis by binding with c-di-GMP. Our findings reveal that new role of bacterial c-di-GMP that triggers mussel larval metamorphosis transition, and extend knowledge in the interaction of bacteria and host development in marine ecosystems.