bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF AN EXPERIMENTAL INJECTION OF METHOXYCHLOR ON AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES: ACCUMULATION, STANDING CROP, AND DRIFT
Authors: Flannagan J. F. , Townsend B. E. , March B. G. E. de , Friesen M. K. , Leonhard S. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA single 0.3 ppm injection of methoxychlor into the Athabasca River, Alberta on 4 June 1974 for 15 min caused catastrophic drift for a distance of over 400 km, and a subsequent large decrease in the drifting population. This decrease, when expressed as a percentage reduction from pretreatment drift, is in close agreement with percentage reduction of standing crop recorded by other sampling methods. The time required for the pesticide to affect different species varied considerably but was not related to the mode of feeding. Methoxychlor residues above ambient levels in water were recorded in all the invertebrate populations sampled. Caged animals had significantly different residues than the natural populations. The use of caged animals as indicators of environmental damage is therefore questioned.
EFFECTS OF FLORIDA CITRUS PEST CONTROL PRACTICES ON THE CITRUS BLACKFLY (HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) AND ITS ASSOCIATED NATURAL ENEMIES
Authors: Fitzpatrick George E. , Cherry Ronald H. , Dowell Robert V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe postbloom and summer sprays recommended in Florida commercial citrus cultures for management of insect and mite pests and phytopathogenic diseases caused a significant (P< 0.05) reduction of citrus blackfly,Aleurocanthus woglumiAshby, infesting urban dooryard citrus. There were no observed adverse chronic effects on populations of the parasiteAmitus hesperidumSilvestri, or the predator complex consisting of spiders, chrysopids, and coccinellids attributable to the chemical treatments. The absence of chronic pesticide-induced interference with biological control agents was interpreted as an indication of the potential for development of integrated control strategies againstA.woglumishould this insect invade commercial citrus areas in Florida.
BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUSEUXOA(LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) XIII. FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON HEMOCYTOLOGICAL DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN SPECIES
Authors: Arnold J.W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe length of mature, fusiform plasmatocytes is a suitable character for distinguishing between last instar larvae of the closely related speciesEuxoa annir(Streck) andE.lutulenta(Smith). This is a consistent character for a number ofEuxoaspecies, but unreliable inE.altera(McD) where it changed in constant fashion during this stage. The relationship between plasmatocyte length and the duration of aestivation was also examined and showed no clear correlation.
ASPECTS OF MATING, OVIPOSITION, AND FLIGHT IN THE SATIN MOTH, LEUCOMA SALICIS (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)
Authors: Wagner T. L. , Leonard D. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMating, oviposition, and flight in the satin moth, Leucoma salicis (L.), were studied in an aspen forest in Maine during 1975 and 1976. Adult eclosion normally occurred between 0800 h (EST) and 2300 h, with males emerging earlier both daily and seasonally. Female calling behavior and mating occurred shortly after sunset on the day of eclosion. Mating lasted ca. 19 h, terminating prior to sunset; low temperatures extended the period of mating. Multiple mating was observed in males and females. Oviposition normally occurred between 1600 and 2330 h. The largest egg masses were the first laid, with sequentially smaller masses laid on following days. Confined females laid an average of 4.6 egg masses containing a total of 650 eggs. Female flight normally followed oviposition of the first egg mass; thereafter, the period of daily flight often preceded oviposition. Male flight started at 0500 h, peaked between 1600 and 2100 h, and ended at 0130 h. Adult longevity under confined field conditions averaged 8.6 days for males and 9.4 days for females.
CONTROL OF FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE), WITH DIMILIN®
Authors: Retnakaran Arthur , Smith Larry , Tomkins Bill , Granett Jeffrey 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDimilin (25% wettable powder) was mixed in water and sprayed from a Grumman Agcat aircraft equipped with four micronair units at the rate of 70 g (active ingredients) / 4,67 L/ha (1 oz/0.5 U.S. gal per acre) on two stands of trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx., heavily infested with forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner. The material was applied when the insects were in the first and second instars and the trees were starting to flush. Spray deposit analysis using a dye, Rhodamine-B, in the spray mix and spray plates in the plots indicated that conditions for spraying in the morning were better than those in the evening as expected. Total control of the forest tent caterpillar with very little defoliation of the trees was achieved.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIOLOGY OF AMETROPUS NEAVEI (EPHEMEROPTERA: AMETROPODIDAE) FROM A LARGE RIVER IN NORTHERN ALBERTA, CANADA
Authors: Clifford Hugh F. , Barton David R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAmetropus neavei McDunnough populations apparently inhabit only large rivers. In the Athabasca River of northeastern Alberta, Canada, the species has an univoltine life cycle, with some overlap of generations. There appears to be an extended emergence period (June and July), the nymphs are found in flowing water at depths greater than 0.5 m, and the population is almost entirely small-particle detritivores.
A LABORATORY BIOASSAY FOR OVIPOSITION BY NAVEL ORANGEWORM MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Rice R. E. , Lieu F. Y. , Jennings W. G. , Sadler L. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA rotating wheel olfactometer was adapted for laboratory evaluation of oviposition attractants for the navel orangeworm, Paramyelois transitella (Walker). The bioassays were conducted inside a large screen cage in a glasshouse with controlled temperature and humidity. Flying female moths responded to attractant volatiles emitted from egg traps on the olfactometer and oviposited on the surface of the traps.
METHOD FOR REARING GEOCORIS PALLENS (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE), A PREDATOR IN CALIFORNIA COTTON
Authors: Yokoyama Victoria Y. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe western bigeyed bug, Geocoris pollens Stål, was successfully reared on a diet of sunflower seeds and eggs and nymphs of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas).
CONTACT AND FEEDING TOXICITIES OF ACEPHATE AND CARBARYL TO LARVAL STAGES OF THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSpray and feeding bioassays of acephate and carbaryl were conducted with each of the six instars of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman. Dose-mortality regressions were used to estimate overall relative susceptibility. Small differences in overall susceptibility of the six instars to acephate and large differences to carbaryl were observed. Application of carbaryl so that it would be present when second instars emerge from their hibernacula may maximize efficacy by minimizing the tolerance-instar effect. The efficacy of acephate may be relatively unaffected by instar-related changes in tolerance.
EVOLUTION IN A LABORATORY HOST–PARASITOID SYSTEM AND ITS EFFECT ON POPULATION KINETICS
Authors: Zareh Nasser , Westoby Mark , Pimentel David 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA laboratory system was developed that allowed populations of the house fly, Musca domestica, and its hymenopterous, wasp parasitoid, Nasonia vitripennis, to interact and fluctuate in numbers, subject only to an upper limit on Musca density. In one (experimental) treatment, the selection pressure from Nasonia was allowed to operate, while in the control all Musca adults were replaced in each generation by individuals from a Musca population not exposed to Nasonia. Evolution for resistance of Musca to Nasonia became noticeable within four generations in the experimental treatment. Measured changes finally included increased fly pupal weight (although larval development period was not allowed to increase), less time spent as pupa, increased pupal mortality, and reduced fecundity of adults. Total per-generation increase of both control and experimental Nasonia was much reduced on experimental compared with control Musca. This was caused by reductions both in the longevity of female Nasonia and in the number of progeny they produced each day. From early in the experiment the increased resistance of Musca produced lower Nasonia densities in the experimental treatment. During the first 20 or so generations no difference could be detected in mean Musca density between the two treatments. After that time the density of adult Musca became greater, and fluctuated less, in the experimental than in the control treatment. This situation continued until the experiment ended at 50 generations.
A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW PHLOEOCHARINE SPECIES FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)
Authors: Smetana A. , Campbell J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new genus and two new species of Phloeocharinae are described and illustrated: Dytoscotes, new genus, pacificus from Oregon, and Phloeocharis californica from California. The biology of the two species is briefly discussed. A key to the Nearctic genera of Phloeocharinae is given.
EFFICACY OF PHOSMET AND AZINPHOSMETHYL FOR CONTROL OF MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF APPLE IN ONTARIO
Authors: Hagley E. A. C. , Chiba Miko 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPhosmet (Imidan 50% WP) applied at 1.22 kg a.i./ha controlled the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh, and plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst, in Ontario apple orchards for more than 3 weeks. Although rain removed phosmet deposits and climatic conditions varied widely during 1971–76, results consistently showed that good pest control was obtained. Satisfactory results were also obtained with azinphosmethyl (Guthion 50% WP) applied at 0.45 kg a.i./ha. Toxicological studies showed that phosmet deposits on the lower surface of apple leaves produced 38–100% mortality of first instar codling moth larvae 15 days after application depending on the time the pesticide was applied. Fifty per cent and 95% lethal residues were 0.18–0.68 μg/cm2 and 0.50–1.36 μg/cm2 of leaf surface, respectively. The toxicity of the residues declined considerably 22 days after application.A phosmet deposit of 0.5 μg/cm2 15–22 days after spray application is suggested as the minimum level required to obtain an economically acceptable level of control in the field.
HEAD CAPSULE MEASUREMENTS OF THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE) IN KOUCHIBOUGUAC NATIONAL PARK, NEW BRUNSWICK
Authors: Maltais Patrick 
Published: December 2009

The larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), is a serious defoliator of trees of the genus Larix and particularly of Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch in eastern Canada. According to Reeks (1954), four outbreaks occurred in the Maritime Provinces between 1883 and 1942. Following the last outbreak, few specimens of the insect were found in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island until 1960 when an outbreak started near Fredericton, New Brunswick. Since, outbreaks varying in degree from moderate to severe have persisted throughout this province.In the course of a study on the ecology and population dynamics of the insect it was found necessary to verify and separate the various developmental stages of the larvae.
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CHANGES IN THE CANADIAN INSECT FAUNA: PATTERNS AND EXPLANATION THE PRAIRIES
Authors: Lehmkuhl D. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe insect fauna of the Canadian prairies is composed of elements recruited from surrounding biomes. Most species appear to have invaded from the southeastern United States following the retreat of the last glaciation. Other distinct centers of origin are the eastern boreal forest, the Rocky Mountains, the Alaskan-Beringian refugium, and the Sonoran or interior basin of the southwestern United States. Because of the youthfulness and instability of the prairies as a biome, true prairie endemic species are rare. While an inventory of prairie insects is far from complete, enough information is available to detect basic patterns of immigration.
STUDIES ON TWO SPECIES OF BLACK APHIDS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON FABA BEAN AND NASTURTIUM
Authors: Barber Reta P. A. , Robinson A. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLive cultures believed to be aphids of Aphis fabae Scopoli from New Brunswick, Manitoba, and British Columbia were compared by several methods. Cultures from British Columbia lived on faba bean, Vicia faba L., but not on garden nasturtium Tropaeolum majus L. Cultures from Manitoba lived on nasturtium but not on faba bean. Some of the aphids from New Brunswick lived on nasturtium only, and some on faba bean only. The aphids which live on faba bean are believed to be Aphis fabae, and those which will not live on faba bean are considered to be a distinct species.
CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) RESPONSES TO 2800 YEARS OF CULTURAL INFLUENCE; A PALAEOLIMNOLOGICAL STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SEDIMENTATION, EUTROPHICATION, AND CONTAMINATION PROCESSES
Authors: Warwick W. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChironomid fossil assemblages in sediment cores collected from the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario, were examined to assess the impact of cultural development on the aquatic environment and to estimate, semi-quantitatively, the relative importance of the various impact processes influencing the chironomid communities. The impact of the six cultures defined in the core—the British–Modern, French, Iroquois, Algonkian, Hopewell, and pre-Hopewell periods—was exerted through eutrophication, sedimentation, and contamination processes. Although the chironomid communities in general followed the accepted theories of faunal response to eutrophication, the impact of sedimentation compounded and at times overshadowed the impact of eutrophication. The chironomid community, which responded to initial European colonization by developing a more eutrophic fauna parallel with increased productivity in the bay, reverted to a more oligotrophic fauna when large scale deforestation of the watershed introduced massive amounts of clay sediments into the bay. The resulting unstable bottom conditions and dilution and/or burial of food materials led to an imbalanced oligotrophic fauna characterized by Micropsectra. This fauna was maintained until the high rates of mineral sediment accumulation declined and the effects of eutrophication became manifest. The transition from the imbalanced oligotrophic fauna to the depleted Chironomus/Procladius fauna tolerant of the present-day eutrophic conditions was so rapid that the intervening mesotrophic Phaenopsectra community was unable to develop fully. The recent increased incidence of deformed larvae implicates industrial and/or agricultural contamination in the continued degradation of the Bay of Quinte fauna.Primitive cultures similarly had measurable effects on the chironomid communities. The “more eutrophic” fauna engendered by the Hopewell culture was not inhibited by the accompanying accumulation of fine sediments as in the European periods and only reverted to a more oligotrophic fauna when reduced populations brought decreased productivity during the Algonkian and early Iroquois stages.
A NEW SPECIES OF APHIS L. (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) FROM NASTURTIUM
Authors: Robinson A. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn aphid, Aphis barberae new species, is described from garden nasturtium, Tropaeolum majus L. and burdock, Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. It differs from A. fabae Scopoli mainly in that it can not be cultured on faba bean, Vicia faba L.
WHITEFLIES (ALEYRODIDAE) ATTACKING CITRUS IN SOUTHERN TEXAS WITH NOTES ON NATURAL ENEMIES
Authors: Meyerdirk D. E. , Kreasky J. B. , Hart W. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFive species of whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) were found on citrus in southern Texas: Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell), Paraleyrodes citri Bondar, Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead), and D. citrifolii (Morgan). Parasite records for this area were Amitus hesperidum Silvestri (Platygastridae) and Prospaltella opulenta Silvestri (both Encyrtidae) attacking A. woglumi; Eretmocerus sp. near paulistus Hem. (Encyrtidae), Amitus sp., and Prospaltella sp. attacking A. floccosus; and Prospaltella sp. attacking P. citri. Predators recorded were Delphastus pusillus (Le Conte) (Coccinellidae) feeding on A. floccosus; D. pusillus and Nephaspis amnicola Wingo (Coccinellidae) feeding on P. citri. A pathogenic fungus, Aschersonia aleyrodis Webber, was found attacking D. citri.
PREDATION BY LONCHAEA CORTICIS (DIPTERA: LONCHAEIDAE) ON THE WHITE PINE WEEVIL, PISSODES STROBI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Alfaro R. I. , Borden J. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe predatory behavior of Lonchaea corticis Taylor on the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck, in Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., was studied by temporal sampling and dissection of terminal leaders, and by laboratory experiments. L. corticis oviposition occurred when mining P. strobi larvae were consolidating the feeding ring, an event that segregates the weevil larvae into healthy front-feeders and weak, starving "followers." The number of L. corticis within a Sitka spruce terminal was highly correlated with the number of weak and dying P. strobi larvae, but not with healthy larvae.L. corticis larvae experimentally deprived of dead P. strobi larvae, behaved as an effective predator, consuming both weak P. strobi larvae and healthy pupae, but apparently not healthy larvae. The transition of L. corticis from second to third instar appeared to occur only after sufficient weevils had been consumed. When an excess of prey was present, L. corticis larvae consumed a mean of 2.9 P. strobi pupae over their entire life cycle. In choice experiments, L. corticis larvae searched for and located mining P. strobi larvae, and fed preferentially on P. strobi pupae rather than granary weevil pupae, Sitophilus granarius L. Under certain circumstances, L. corticis could be an important regulatory agent of P. strobi populations.
THE BIOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY OF THE CUTWORM AMPHIPOEA INTEROCEANICA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), A NEW PEST OF STRAWBERRY IN MANITOBA
Authors: Ayre G. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA crown-boring noctuid, Amphipoea interoceanica (Smith), has suddenly become a serious pest of commercial strawberries in Manitoba. Eggs are laid in August on dead strawberry leaves and hatch in early May. Young larvae feed in the leaf stalks; older larvae bore in the crowns and kill the plants. There are six instars, pupation occurs in late July and adults emerge in August. The plants are first attacked in the second year of growth and by the fifth year the entire crop may be lost.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF DIAPAUSE AND POSTDIAPAUSE DEVELOPMENT INTETRASTICHUS JULIS(HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE CEREAL LEAF BEETLE,OULEMA MELANOPUS(COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Nechols James R. , Tauber Maurice J. , Helgesen Robert G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMatureTelrastichus julis(Walker) larvae, which overwinter in the pupal cells of their dead cereal leaf beetle hosts, enter diapause in late summer. Diapause is maintained by warm conditions and short daylengths during late fall and early winter; it ends without a specific terminating stimulus. Subsequently the larvae remain in a state of postdiapause quiescence until soil temperatures rise above 9 °C, the theoretical threshold (t) for postdiapause development. Emergence of the central New York population occurs when the parasites have accumulated 162 degree days (D°) of heat above 9 °C. ThisKvalue is considerably lower than that previously reported for a population from Michigan.Our study provides the first experimental evidence that both temperature and photoperiod regulate the rate of diapause development in a parasitic insect.
THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF ACEROTELLA MASNER (HYMENOPTERA, PROCTOTRUPOIDEA, PLATYGASTRIDAE)
Authors: Masner Lubomir 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genus Acerotella of the Nearctic region is studied. Six species are recognized, all new to science: A. acerina ♀ ♂ (Canada, U.S.A.), A. aceris ♀ ♂ (Canada), A. depressa ♀ (U.S.A.), A. gouleti ♀ ♂ (U.S.A.), A. nearctica ♀ ♂ (Canada, U.S.A.), and A. vockerothi ♀ (Canada). The generic diagnosis of Acerotella and key to Nearctic species are given. The higher classification, species-groups, and world distribution of Acerotella species are discussed.
EFFECT OF GRANULAR AND FOLIAR INSECTICIDES ON CEREAL APHIDS (HEMIPTERA) AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES ON FIELD BARLEY IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC
Authors: Ba-Angood S. A. , Stewart R. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGranular treatments of thiofanox (Dacamox 10 G®) and carbofuran (Furadan 10 G®) and spray treatments of dimethoate (Cygon 4E®) and pirimicarb (Pirimor 50 WP®), all gave good control of cereal aphids and increased barley grain yield significantly above controls.The granular treatments did not significantly reduce parasites and predators of the aphids. Predators and parasites showed a reduced population 1 week after foliar insecticide applications. However, pirimicarb showed a relatively reduced effect compared with other pesticides on the available predatory species, 2 weeks after spraying.
STUDIES OF WEIGHT CHANGES AND AMOUNT OF FOOD INGESTED BY THE STABLE FLY,STOMOXYS CALCITRANS(DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)
Authors: Venkatesh K. , Morrison P. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe pattern of blood feeding in males ofStomoxys calcitransL. is different from that of females. Female flies ingest more blood than males. Females fed only blood or blood and sugar-waterad libitumshowed a periodic pattern of blood ingestion. The amount of blood ingested at the time of first feeding is partly dependent upon the age of the flies; in addition flies fed only blood ingest more than flies whose blood diet is supplemented with sugar-water. During the period prior to blood feeding the weight loss per day increased as the fly aged. On the other hand if the flies were fed with sugar-water from the time of emergence they gained considerable weight. The rate of weight loss after one blood meal was of the same pattern in flies fed 24 or 48 h after emergence. The pattern of weight loss was also similar in flies fed sugar-waterad libitumand blood 24 h after emergence.
RECOVERY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM EXUVIAE OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Barrett F. Michael 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA number of ketocatechols have been isolated and identified from acid hydrolysates of larval and pupal exuviae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana. The most abundant of these, 2-hydroxy-3′,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone, represented 5.8% of the dry weight of pupal exuviae, 4.6% of larval head capsules, and 0.3% of the remaining larval exuvium. This compound is thought to be the primary breakdown product arising from crosslinks between cuticular proteins and the aliphatic sidechain of a phenolic tanning compound. The yields therefore reflect the extent of β-sclerotization, one of two mechanisms proposed for the hardening of insect cuticle. Budworm is similar to other species with respect to the types of hydrolysis products recovered although three previously undescribed compounds were detected.