bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internet radio flows: Between the local and the global
Authors: Kuhn Fernando 
Published: October 2011

The term 'international radio' has traditionally been used to refer to programmes that were broadcast to foreign audiences by government-owned radio stations from most countries using shortwave broadcasting technology. Since 1995, though, the possibility of making live transmissions
simultaneously available on the Internet has meant that radio stations can reach international audiences without the limitations faced by shortwave radio. The single public radio station per country, sometimes only operating for a few hours a day with repeated news, has been replaced by a
multitude of stations broadcasting their regular programming 24 hours a day without repetition.
This research focuses on 'radio via the Internet', taken as a type of 'international radio'; and on 'Internet radio flows', understood as a type of 'international radio flow'. It is based upon
an empirical investigation of the content and origin of such stations. It aims to map 'potential' (since it does not attempt to measure the audience of each station) international flows of radio content on the Internet by surveying a sample of 378 radio stations from 145 countries, extracted
from an universe of 3450 radio stations, through a combination of probabilistic and non-probabilistic methodologies.
The results show an overwhelmingly 'local' and diverse content to these broadcasts, but that over a nearly 20 per cent of broadcasts originate in the United States.

This article discusses the implications of such findings in terms of technological access and the notion of 'internationally oriented' radio.
Europe is ageing: the Oedipal trajectory and its social implications in Alumbramiento
Authors: Rydzewska Joanna 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
From a gendered perspective, Alumbramiento is a traditional Oedipal scenario. However, in spite of the supposed ahistoricism of its Freudian overtones, they could and should be read as having profoundly social implications. If, on the individual level of one family, the film explores the death of the matriarch and the emotional and practical impact it has on her son and daughter, at the more collective level it extends to the issue of ageing Europe and the question of who is doing the caring. As such the film reinforces the gendered division of caring labour where it is women who carry its burden.
Overcoming darkness: Alumbramiento’s journey towards illumination
Authors: Bou Enric 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This article focuses on the important role that light plays throughout the film. The title itself, and the film's plot, stress the fact that everything is told in reverse, with oxymoronic elements playing a significant role. This is also the case with a celebrated poem by Vicente Aleixandre, 'Ven siempre ven', among other works, in which the title's imperative sentence is negated by what follows.
He, she, the camera, the movie: chains of enunciation and spaces of undecidability in Derailment
Authors: Kyndrup Morten 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This article will concentrate on the problem of the film's distribution of so-called epistemic competence. It will analyse the film's carefully mounted spaces of undecidability where focalization, authorial/personal narration and (enounced) enunciation as a whole are concerned.
De-familiarization and estrangement in Sunday
Authors: Bullaro Grace Russo 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Drawing on the theory of 'de-familiarization', this essay expands on its former applications to literature and the visual arts (specifically cubism) in order to extend it to a reading of John Lawlor's cinematic text, examining how one brief question, 'Mum … Have you ever had an orgasm?' shatters the long-established cliché of the provincial Sunday dinner characterized by vacuity and an absence of action.
From text-linguistics to literaryactants—The force dynamics of (emotional) vampirism
Authors: Kimmel Michael 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article provides some groundwork for applying the cognitive linguistic theory offorce dynamics(Talmy 1988, 2000) to narrative discourse. It proposes that Talmy's analytic apparatus is suitable for revealing character-related dynamics in literature, especially by exploiting the previously unnoticed convergence with the notion ofactancyproposed by the narratologist Greimas (1966). Force imagery both in ordinary action descriptions and in metaphor opens a vista on how readers infer, stabilize, and elaborate narrative macro-representations of “who wants what” and “who does what to whom?” Hence, texts subtly encode aspects of higher-level story logic through forces, enabling readers (and scholars) to detect and scale up coherence patterns that shed light on character motives, protagonist interaction, and plot dynamics. A full-scale text linguistic analysis is proposed. My case study of about 500 text units found in Joseph Sheridan LeFanu's novellaCarmilla(1872) reveals a dynamic web ofdriving, penetrating, manipulating, attracting,anderuptingforces between the two main protagonists, a beautiful girl vampire and her 19 year-old victim.
Crack Closure Behavior on a Variety of Materials under High Stress Ratios and Kmax Test Conditions
Authors: Yamada Y. , Newman J. C. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Fatigue-crack-growth-rate tests on compact specimens have been made on a variety of materials (2024-T3, 2324-T39, 7050-T7451, 4340 steel, and Inconel-718) over a wide range in stress ratios from 0.1 to 0.9 (and 0.95 in some cases) and several Kmax test conditions. Test data has been generated from threshold to near fracture using the compression precracking constant amplitude or compression precracking load reduction test methods in the threshold regime; and constant-amplitude loading at higher rates. A remote back-face strain (BFS) gage was used to monitor crack growth and to measure crack-opening loads. Local strain gages were also placed along and slightly off (about one-half thickness) the anticipated crack path to measure crack-opening loads. Elber’s load-against-reduced-strain method was used to determine crack-opening loads by means of visual inspection (equivalent to a 0 % compliance offset). For a particular material, the BFS and local strain gages produced essentially the same crack-opening loads at low stress ratio (R = 0.1) conditions. But at high stress ratios (R ≥ 0.7) and Kmax test conditions, the local gages produced significantly higher crack-opening loads than the BFS gage in the threshold and near-threshold regimes. Previous research had proposed that high stress ratios (R ≥ 0.7) and Kmax test conditions produce closure-free conditions based on crack-mouth-opening-displacement or BFS gages, and plasticity-induced crack-closure modeling. However, crack closure under high stress ratios (R ≥ 0.7) and Kmax test conditions is attributed to residual-plastic deformations, crack-surface roughness, and/or fretting-debris. From local crack-opening load measurements, the effective stress-intensity-factor range (ΔKeff) appears to be uniquely related to the crack-growth rate in the threshold and near-threshold regimes.
Intensive Quenching of Steel Parts and Tools in Water Salt Solutions of Optimal Concentration
Authors: Kobasko N. I. , Moskalenko A. A. , Dobryvechir V. V. , Protsenko L. M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a method of intensive quenching in water salt solutions, known as the IQ-2 process, is considered. To realize the IQ-2 process, water salt solutions were used, including with NaNO3, Na2CO3, NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, Ca(OH)2, and others salts. It is shown that the effectiveness of intensive quenching can be improved via the use of water salt solutions of optimal concentration. In order to prevent the corrosion of steel parts, a small amount of Ca(OH)2 was added to water salt solutions of sodium and calcium chloride to create a pH of 8 to 12. The proposed technology is less expensive compared to conventional quenching methods while providing the same or better end results in terms of increasing the service life of steel parts and tools and components made of powder metal materials. It is shown that the intensive quenching of tools by water salt solutions of optimal concentration increases the service life of tools by 1.5 to 2 times as compared with the oil quenching process.
Surviving to Tell the Tale: Argonne's Intense Pulsed Neutron Source from an Ecosystem Perspective
Authors: Westfall Catherine 
Published: October 2011

At first glance the story of the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS), an accelerator-driven neutron source for exploring the structure of materials through neutron scattering, seems to be one of puzzling ups and downs. For example, Argonne management, Department of Energy officials, and materials science reviewers continued to offer, then withdraw, votes of confidence even though the middling-sized IPNS produced high-profile research, including work that made the cover of Nature in 1987. In the midst of this period of shifting opinion and impressive research results, some Argonne materials scientists were unenthusiastic, members of the laboratory's energy physics group were key supporters, and materials scientists at another laboratory provided, almost fortuitously, a new lease on life. What forces shaped the puzzling life cycle of the IPNS? And what role—if any—did the moderate price tag and the development of scientific and technological ideas play in the course it took?
To answer these questions this paper looks to an ecosystem metaphor for inspiration, exploring how opinions, ideas, and machinery emerged from the interrelated resource economies of Argonne, the DOE, and the materials science community by way of a tangled web of shifting group interactions. The paper will conclude with reflections about what the resulting focus on relationality explains about the IPNS story as well as the underlying dynamic that animates knowledge production at U.S. national laboratories.
Elevated Infant Mortality Rates among Oral Cleft and Isolated Oral Cleft Cases: A Meta-Analysis of Studies from 1943 to 2010
Authors: Carlson Lucas , Hatcher Kristin Ward , Vander Burg Richard 
Published: October 2011

Objective To review available published literature in order to obtain a more comprehensive assessment of the association between infant mortality and oral clefts, overall and isolated. Design A wide-ranging search of published studies relating infant mortality rates to oral clefts and congenital malformations was conducted, yielding applicable data sets. Settings of the included studies varied to a limited extent, although all were conducted within high-income countries with superior health indicators. These results were tabulated and meta-analyzed. Random effects odds ratios comparing each data set with its respective population have been used to account for differing settings and specific infant mortality rates. Results Nine articles with relatable data were included in these meta-analyses. The calculated odds ratio of infant mortality associated with oral cleft cases, including those with associated malformations, was substantial: 9.466 (95% confidence interval, 6.153 to 14.560). Excluding oral cleft cases with associated malformations, the odds ratio, although lower, was still significant: 2.073 (95% confidence interval, 1.390 to 3.092). Conclusions Compared with the overall population, infants with oral clefts have nine times the odds of dying within the first year of life. Furthermore, even without additional malformations, infants with oral clefts are still twice as likely to die before 1 year of age. Current research points to a substantially higher relative risk of infant mortality among oral cleft cases in developing countries. Additional research is essential to determine the sources of these raised infant mortality rates and possible interventions to decrease them.
Morphology of the Levator Veli Palatini Muscle Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Perry Jamie L. , Kuehn David P. , Sutton Bradley P. 
Published: October 2011

Background No studies have reported the circumference and diameter of the levator veli palatini muscle at multiple points along its length and from both views (frontal and lateral). The purpose of this study was to provide quantitative data regarding the levator muscle morphology along the length of the muscle using magnetic resonance imaging and advanced three-dimensional computer technology. Methods Ten Caucasian male subjects participated in the study. Subjects were scanned using a Siemens 3 T Trio. Levator muscle measures were obtained using a two-dimensional image plane. A three-dimensional model was used to measure the circumference and muscle diameter (in two directions) at six points along the length of the levator muscle. Results Levator muscle length ranged from 41.67 mm to 52.85 mm across all subjects. Mean extravelar muscle length was 30.55 mm (SD, 2.8 mm) and 30.01 mm (SD, 2.9 mm) for right and left muscles. The mean circumference at the origin was 18.90 mm (SD, 2.6 mm). At the second point, the muscle circumference mean increased slightly (mean, 22.40 mm; SD, 4.9 mm). The means for the remainder of the measures (points 3, 4, 5, and 6) were consistent, showing little to no change. Conclusion Circumference and diameter values were similar to those reported in previous literature. The muscle did diverge at the point where the muscle bundle entered the velum, as it has been previously described. Instead, the muscle diverges near the midline insertion becoming sparser (smaller superior-to-inferior diameter).
Improvements in Cutter Technology Leads to Faster Drilling in Hard Abrasive Formations, East Texas Basin
Authors: Gonzales Albert , Clark Terrell , Douglas Charles , Mueller Levi , Yu Jiaqing , Shi Jibin , Zhang Youhe 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Drilling the hard, abrasive and interbedded Travis Peak and Cotton Valley formations in East Texas creates a problem for polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits. Historically, conventional PDC cutting elements failed quickly due to formation abrasiveness, impact damage and thermal fatigue. These cutter limitations are the major factor restricting further advancement of PDC drilling in East Texas.
New cutter technology and manufacturing processes have yielded a highly abrasion resistant PDC bit enabling faster drilling, increased footage and improved dull condition in the basin. Furthermore, intervals that normally require multiple PDC bits/runs to reach TD are now being drilled in some cases with one bit saving the operator trip time and bit cost.
In spite of the advancements the majority of bits were repeatedly lacking favorable dull grades, typically a 1-2-WT or worse. Further improvements were necessary to advance the cutter's abrasion resistance for these applications. To achieve the objective and improve PDC cutter performance to save the operator additional cost, engineers refined and implemented new procedures to increase abrasion resistance. This technology platform used to produce the next generation premium cutters included:
Tighter diamond packing Diamond table synthesized under extremely HP/HT for enhanced abrasion resistance Refined post-pressing process to reduce residual stress and improve thermal stability
In laboratory experiments, the next generation cutter (O2) has shown a 15% improvement in abrasion resistance in wear index comparisons against the previous generation (O1) premium cutters. The tests were performed on a vertical turret lathe under cooling and non cooling conditions. Field testing of the new cutter was done in limited quantities across East Texas. In these tests the new cutter has achieved an average ROP increase of approximately 15% while producing improved dull bit condition. The next generation O2 cutters are expected to have a positive economic impact in the East Texas region and in other hard and abrasive applications worldwide.
Challenges in Selection and Design the Beam Pumped Well Completions
Authors: Ghareeb Mohamed Moustafa , Greer Bob 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Completion string is a critical component of the well production system and it must be efficiently designed, installed and maintained. Each production system for artificially pumped wells, have different requirements. Downhole pumps are a common means of boosting the productivity of a well by lowering the buttonmhole pressure. Rather than lowering pressure gradient in the tubing to reduce the bottomhole pressure as in gas lift.
Two types of pumps are used: positive-displacement pumps, which include sucker rod pumps and dynamic displacement pumps, which include electrical submersible pumps. With the improvement in the sucker rod pumping system capabilities in producing tough conditions wells (deep, sandy, gassy, deviated and horizontal wells), selecting the right completion components became extremely necessary to extend run life and reduce operating costs for this type of artificially lifted well.
In a standard rod pumping completion, the tubing and the pump seating nipple are the essential parts in the completion string. But for moderate and deeper wells, a tubing anchor catcher (TAC) became the third important part for successful artificial lift well operations. In case of tough well, selections of the right subsurface completion components are necessary to extend the life and reduce operating costs of the well hardware. Each case may require especial design and running tools selection.
Searching in different literatures showed that there is no adequate information about beam pumping wells completions. This paper addresses the analysis of the current well completions conditions and associated problems and then it will present practical completion solutions for normal and difficult well conditions. This paper will also present case studies from different countries.
First Successful Implementation of MPD Technology in PDO Sultanate of Oman to Mitigate Drilling Hazards
Authors: Al-Hamhami Saif , Al-Habsi Hamood , Al-Farsi Mohammed , Al-Abri Badar , Arnone Maurizio , Morales Danilo 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
For a long time PDO has been suffering from high NPT in some of the Harweel cluster fields located in the south of the Sultanate of Oman, due to drilling through deep high pressure H/C bearings with a narrow heavy MW envelope. Most of these NPTs were due to kick/ loss events, differential sticking, and well control situations.
This field is classified as high risk because it has deep HP sour reservoirs.
Drilling problems arise in the 8.3/8’’ section while drilling through a thick Salt formation that contains floating carbonate bodies. These floaters are normally tight, highly pressurized and small in size.
The tolerance window between the pore pressure of the higher pressurized floaters & the formation strength of the relatively lower pressure reservoir is very narrow with respect to the high ECD generated by heavy mud used in these formations. In some cases dynamic losses occur in the lower pressure reservoir while trying to balance the pore pressures of the highly pressurized carbonate body floaters. Mud deterioration due to sour influxes in heavy mud environment sometimes makes the well control situation even more complicated.
Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) technology has been identified as a potential solution for these drilling problems.
An MPD trial was conducted successfully in this field which brought huge learning's to PDO. The main achieved KPI in this trial was drilling the troublesome section with MPD system maintaining constant bottom hole pressure.
This paper will address the following topics; description of problems encountered while drilling this section, demonstration of how MPD technology is believed to solve these problems and an in-depth description & analysis of the successful trial from the early planning phase to the end, capturing all the learning's for future implementations.
New PDC Technologies Increase Durability and Enable Faster Drilling in Hard/Abrasive Formation
Authors: Henry Todd , Sherif Mohamed , Ragheb Ahmed 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In Egypt's Western Desert, the Alam El-Buieb formation (AEB) and the Safa reservoirs have remained a challenge to drill because of their high compressive strengths and abrasive sandstone/siltstone formations. In the AEB and Safa formations, vertical sections are drilled regularly using several 8½-in roller-cone tungsten carbide insert (TCI) bits. To improve section performance and reduce overall cost per foot ($/ft), impregnated bits run on turbines and high speed motors were initially used. While these types of bottom hole assemblies (BHA) had advantages, they also came with disadvantages: The high- running costs and greater lost-in-hole (LIH) costs associated with these assemblies was a concern for most operators. Additionally, some rigs lacked the power to run them. These conditions motivated operators and bit suppliers to find alternative assemblies that can successfully drill challenging sections while reducing the $/ft by increasing the ROP and the footage each bit drills.
Recent advancements in polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit design have made this possible. By altering PDC-bit profile, shape, cone angles, back rake angles, cutters and conducting test runs while being guided by finite element analysis (FEA) based modeling system and CFD modeling, design teams have produced PDC bits that are best suited for the targeted application (formation and rotary BHA). In conclusion, the newly designed PDC bits have shown a significant increase in ROP and footage compared to TCI and impregnated bits. The result is a significant reduction in drilling costs running PDC on rotary assemblies.
Development of a Global Drilling Performance Database
Authors: Hanley Chris , Kubicki Jillian , Lumpkin Michael , Tompkins Lee 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The availability and accessibility of an organized and comprehensive set of business specific information is paramount to the success of any organization. However, as businesses grow, change directions, acquire new companies, or merge multiple units, it is easy for this valuable information to become disjointed, segmented, or difficult to find.
In order for the right information to be available to the right people at the right time, innovative methods of capturing and storing this information must be developed and these systems must have the scalability to grow and morph at the same pace as the business.
This paper will present the development of a new global drilling performance database system to integrate the legacy drilling performance information captured and stored by three different drilling-related business units (drill bits, coring systems, and drilling tools). A multi-disciplinary project team including field operations representatives from each business unit along with a group of IT project managers, analysts, and software developers was assembled to design the new system to ensure it would meet the needs of each business unit and also to make certain that the system would have the necessary flexibility to expand and evolve with the company as required.
Innovative methods and best IT practices were employed in the development of the system, guaranteeing the availability of the key field performance information for each product type to the global user group from each business unit. Additionally, the organization of information in the new system is such that all of the product performance data related to a single drilling process is stored together, increasing the visibility of the performance of the full range of product offerings to the global user group to better enable more holistic drilling solutions. Case studies demonstrating the value-added to the users of the new system will be presented.