bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
V.—Rodents from the Pleistocene of the Western Mediterranean Region
Authors: Forsyth Major C. I. 
Published: May 2009

In a former publication I have dealt with the anatomy of Prolagus sardus (Wagn.), from the Sardinian and Corsican Pleistocene, in comparison with that of its Tertiary relatives. The following pages deal with the geographical distribution of Pleistocene Prolagus and its bearing on more general questions.When Ouvier discovered, in the ossiferous breccia of Corsica, remains of a ‘Lagomys,’ which he believed to be closely related to the Siberian Lagomys alpinus, he also suggested other analogies between the faunas of the two regions—Siberia and Corsica (as well as Sardinia), and commented upon the supposed relationship between the insular Mouflon and the Siberian Argali. Similar views were expressed by B. Wagner.Pumpelly, Loeard, and Lortet sought to establish a connection between a supposed Corsioan ‘ice-age,’ as attested by the trace of ancient glaciers, and the former existence in the island of a supposed inhabitant of cold regions, the Lagomys corsicanus. Hensel had, however, shown before, in 1856, that the affinities of Lagomys sardus from the Sardinian bone breccia are not with the recent Lagomys (Ogotona), but with a Miocene type, for which he proposed the generic name Myolagus (antedated by Prolagus, Pormel). He was in consequence inclined to assume a Tertiary age for the breccias in which the Prolagus occurred (and, indeed, for the whole of the Mediterranean bone breccias). A similar view has again been brought forward of late years.I myself pointed out (1) that the Corsican Lagomys likewise belonged to the genus Prolagus, as indeed had already been suspected by Hensel from his inspection of Cuvier's figures; (2) that the Tertiary age of the Corsican and Sardinian breccias could not be upheld, above all, because the mollusca occurring in them, as Loeard bad shown to be the case in the ossiferous breccia of Toga, near Bastia, are still living in the neighbourhood.
VIII.—Note On Some Post - Tertiary Mollusca From Ceylon
Authors: Bullen Newton R. 
Published: May 2009

Some marine shells, associated with crab-remains,1 Balani, and small thread-like annelid tubes, from the Post-Pliocene deposits of north-eastern Ceylon, have been entrusted to me for determination by Dr. H. Woodward, F.K.S. They were collected by Mr. A. K. Coomaraswamy, B.Sc, Director of the Mineralogical Survey of Ceylon, and his description of the deposits containing the fossils forms the preface of this communication. Lithologically it is observable that there are two sets of specimens-those that occur in hard, water-worn nodules of clay, and others that were obtained from soft, dark, clayey beds found in situ. The fossils found in the clayey material may perhaps be rather older than those found in the nodules, but as two of the shells are common to each, viz. Placuna placenta and Potamides fluvialilis, it is certain that no great distinction in age is to be recognised.An examination of the species represented in the collection goes to prove that they belong to the existing fauna of the Indian Ocean, being similar to the life which is found in the creeks and back-watersof that sea, and consequently bearing a littoral or an estuarine facies.It is interesting to know of the presence of corresponding Post-Tertiary deposits crowded with shells forming the coastal areas of the Madras Presidency of India, particularly at Pondicherry, Cuddalore, Tangore, etc., for the history of which we are mainly indebted to the late Mr. H. F. Blanford (Mem. Geol. Surv. India, 1862, vol. iv, pt. 1, pp. 192,193). So numerous are the mollusca of these beds that they are utilised by the natives for the manufacture of lime.
IV.—The Recent Geological History of the Baltic. Part IV: Climatic and other Issues
Authors: Howorth H. H. 
Published: May 2009

In the first part of this series, p. 313, I referred to the recent invasion of the Eastern Baltic by the Mya arenaria, as first pointed out by Dr. Nathorst. Dr. Petersen has called my attention to an important paper by A. S. Jensen, which has apparently been overlooked by English conchologists, and I propose to condense his results, as they are very noteworthy from their geological lessons.The shell has hitherto been treated as a typical Arctic shell. Thus Crosse and Debeaux write of its original home: “De l'océan Glacial arctique, qui parait être sa véritable patrie, elle est descendue dans les mers du nord de l'Europe, jusques et y compris la Manche etune partie de nos côtes de l'Océan” (Journ. de Conchologie, ser. III, iii, 254, 1863). Gwyn Jeffreys, in describing the shell, says, “The occurrence of this circumpolar shell-fish so near the tropic of Cancer probably indicates the most southern limit in space of the glacial epoch” (Brit, Conch., iii, 65, 66).
II.—Notes on British Dinosaurs. Part I: Hypsilophodon
Authors: Nopcsa Francis Baron 
Published: May 2009

During a recent stay in London the kindness of Dr. A. S. Woodward enabled me to study some of the splendid Dinosaurian remains in the British Museum.Having principally occupied myself till now with Ornithopodous Dinosaurs, first of all Hypsilophodon attracted my attention, and my expectation that this type would prove to be the clue for the understanding of all the other Orthopoda has been perfectly fulfilled.Hypsilophodon was described and figured at various times by Owen, Huxley, and Hulke; a restoration of this animal was given by Marsh in the Geological Magazine for 1896 (p. 6, Fig. 2), and the complete bibliographical list concerning this Dinosaur is compiled in my paper “Synopsis und Abstammung der Dinosaurier” (Földtani Közlöny, 1901, Budapest).In consequence of our more recent knowledge of Dinosaurs in general I managed to detect some new points of remarkable interest.Mandible. What Hulke, in describing the Hypsilophodon skull, No. 110, supposed to be the parietal, frontal, and post-frontal bones (Phil. Trans., 1882, pl. lxxi, fig. 1, pa., fr., ps.f.), turned out to be the outer view of a complete right mandibular ramus, so that the parietal changes into an articular, the frontal becomes the dentary, and the post-frontal the coronoid bone. This piece (p. 207, Fig. 4) is, in fact, the finest mandibulum of Hypsilophodon I have seen in the whole collection, and as such worthy to be refigured.The general outline of the mandibulum, with its strongly abbreviated post-coronoidal part and its blunt processus coronoideum, reminds one somewhat of the under jaw of Placodus gigas, though it differs of course in nearly every detail, being built up after the Iguanodon type.
I.—Notes on British Dinosaurs. Part II: Polacanthus
Authors: Nopcsa Francis Baron 
Published: May 2009

Next to Hypsilophodon it was Polacanthus which attracted my attention. A careful study soon showed that, after the death of the animal, the remains of some Crocodilian had accidentally become commingled with this Dinosaur. Besides this, some pieces, namely, the back part of a skull and a cervical, showed remarkably Iguanodon-like characters, and the same is also true of the pubic bone described by Seeley in 1892 as belonging to Polacanthus.As I intend pointing out further on, and as has also already been done by Seeley, Polacanthus was constructed essentially after the Struthiosaurus plan, and this is the reason why this Iguanodon-like basi-occipital has to be removed from the Polacanthus remains.
IV.—The Rotiform Bryozoa of the Isle of Wight
Authors: Gregory J. W. 
Published: May 2009

A Small fossil with a wheel-shaped body borne on a narrow stem has long been known from the base of the Holaster planus zone in the Isle of Wight. It has been recognized as one of the Bryozoa, but has not been described, although once recorded as “near Defrancia diadema, Hag.” It has also been recorded by Dr. A. W. Rowe as “the beautiful little rotiform Bryozoon.”The following diagnosis has been lying unpublished for eight years in the manuscript of the second volume of the Catalogue of Cretaceous Bryozoa in the British Museum. A preliminary account of the species is now issued, as the name is wanted for reference in the course of Dr. A. W. Rowe's forthcoming memoir on the Chalk of the Isle of Wight. A fuller account of the species with illustrations, on plates drawn in 1900, will be given in the Catalogue, which it is hoped will be issued during this Winter.Blcavea Rotaformis, n.Sp.Diagnosis.—Zoarium simple or compound, with a narrow cylindrical stem, attached in a circular concavity in the lower part of the body. The body of the zoarium is discoid, or wheel-shaped, and has on the margin a series of vertical radial projections like cog-wheels. The cogs usually project for a distance nearly equal to the radius of the disc. The cogs may be prolonged at their upper, outer corner into spike-like fasciculi. The upper surface between the bases of the fasciculi is depressed, and occupied by the small, crowded, irregular apertures of the intermediate, subordinate zoœcia.
I.—Notes On Fossil Plants From South Africa
Authors: Seward A. C. 
Published: May 2009

The specimen represented in Fig. 1 was found by Mr. J. A. Whaits at Prince Albert in shale lying between the Witteberg Series and the Dwyka conglomerate: it consists of a single whorl of leaves of which the longest has a length of 4–5 cm. and a breadth of 3 mm. The linear segments converge towards a narrow axis about 5mm. in diameter; they show faint indications of a midrib and have acuminate apices.In spite of the fact that Fig. 1 represents the only example so far discovered I propose, for the sake of convenience, to describe it under a new name, thus placing on record Mr. Whaits's contribution to our knowledge of a flora the discovery of additional records of which would be of exceptional interest. It must, however, be admitted that the specimen for which the generictitle Phyllotheca is chosen hardly affords satisfactory evidence as to its affinity.The material on which this species is founded was obtained from the Uitenhage Series at Herbertsdale in Cape Colony and presented to the South African Museum by Mr. Kolbe. It consists of several pieces of what appears to have been a large stem rèaching a length of about 90 cm. The outline drawing reproduced in Fig. 2 from a photograph sent to me from the Museum by Miss Wilman shows the curious shape of the fossil, tapering to a blunt point at one end and flatter and broader at the other; Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate the surface features as seen on portions of the weathered stem.
IV.—Notes On Some Coastal Features in Co. Waterford
Authors: Cowper Reed F. R. 
Published: May 2009

On previous occasion (Geol. Mag., Dec. V, Vol. IV, 1907, pp. 17–20) an account was given by the author of lornagnt Strand in the estuary of the River Suir; and the nature anddevelopment of the drift deposits further up the river may now be described.On the north side of Knockavelish Head (which bounds Fornaght Strand on the north), the coastfrom Ballyglan is bordered by low sand dunes for a distance of about a mile and a half, and thereis no cliff or exposure of any solid rock, the old sea margin being apparently situated now some way inland behind an area of more or less marshy laud at the back of the dunes. Traces of the former sea-cliff can, however, be recognised here and there by a sudden slight rise in the ground. A wide flat expanse of sand and mud, known as Woodstown Strand, is uncovered at low tide along this stretch of coast, extending out fully a mile from high-water mark, but so far no trace of the submerged forest of Fornaght has been here discovered.
II.—On the Identity of Ellipsolites Compressus, J. Sowerby, with Ammonites Henslowi, J. Sowerby
Authors: Foord Arthur H. , Crick G.C. 
Published: May 2009

Ellipsolites Compressus, J. Sowerby (Min. Con. vol. i. p. 84, pi. xxxviii. 1813), has been hitherto usually regarded as a Nautiloid,1 and referred either to Nautilus or to-Discites.During an examination of the collection of Mr. Joseph Wright, of Belfast, by one of the present writers, a fossil from the same horizon, and almost the same locality as the type-specimens of Ellipsolites compressus of J. Sowerby, was observed, so much resembling Sowerby's species (but exhibiting also the character of the suture-line) that a comparison with, and a re-examination of, Sowerby's types was suggested.
VI.—Note on the Composition of Clays, Slates, etc., and on Some points in their Contact-Metamorphism
Authors: Hutchings W. Maynard. 
Published: May 2009

MR. Teall,inhis very interesting and suggestive address to the Geological Section of the British Association at Nottingham, alluded to the composition of sediments (clays, etc.) as compared with that of older sedimentary rocks, and specially to the amount of alkali contained in them.At the time he made his remarks I was engaged on some analyses of clays, with a view to gaining information on this particular point,inconnection with studies of clays and slates which I have been carrying on for some years, and on which I have published papers in this MAGAZINE on former occasions. The results of these analyses, and some considerations arising out of them, I propose to give as the first item of these present “notes.”
I.—Coral in the “Dolomites” of South Tyrol
Authors: Ogilvie Maria M. 
Published: May 2009

The Raibl period was the natural sequel of the variable and unequal movements which prevailed over Alpine areasinPermian and pre-Raibl Triassic time. Many basins formerly open were then enclosed; rauchwackes and beds of dolomite and gypsum were interbedded with fossiliferous deposits. Whereas,insome places, the dolomitic nature of the deposit is confined to special horizons, in the South Tyrol “Dolomites” it may almost be said to reign throughout. This makes it all but impossible to say when Schlern dolomite ends and Raibl beds begin. in the present incomplete state of our knowledge with regard to the heteropism of the Raibl series throughout the whole Alps, I have judged it best to begin the Raibl horizon at any particular place with the first appearance of a distinctly Raibl fauna, even although that fauna may not have been proved to correspond to the acknowledged lowest fauna of Raibl age in distant parts of the Alps.To return for a moment to the succession of Schlern dolomite upon the Cassian beds of Enneberg, I found that, where Schlern dolomite rests on Cipit limestones, it has at its base a conglomeratic appearance, as if Cipit blocks had been imbedded in a beautifully fine white or reddish dolomitic mud, instead of the dingy brown and black tufaceous sediments. This is the case in several places, e.g. upon Pordoi and Sella Jochs, where there is no evidence of unconformity. Again, where the dolomite succeeds the thin-bedded marls and limestones of Cassian age, it does so conformably; but one and the same bed is at some parts calcareous and fossiliferous, at other parts dolomitic and unfossiliferous. Seeing that this holds good at various horizons in Lower as well as Middle Trias over the whole area of South Tyrol, we need f in d nothing remarkable in it from the point of view of the stratigraphical succession. Indeed, I have only mentioned these observations as an indication of the particular mode of transition from conditions of deposition favourable for the Cassian fauna to those in which the Raibl fauna was enabled to make an occasional appearance in the South Tyrol dolomites. At a very little distance above the base of Schlern dolomite all signs of Coral life disappear, and the deposit looks a homogeneous rock, although always retaining local variation in the degree of its dolomitism. At this stage the rock often shows typical Oolite structure. As regards the presence or want of stratification, it has as little to do with the question of the Coral Keef origin of the dolomite as the amount of magnesic salts in the rock—stratification is present and absent in one and the same “Keef.”
I.—On Some Fossil Phyllopoda
Authors: Jones T. Rupert , Woodward Henry 
Published: May 2009

These notes on fossil Phyllopods refer to some interesting specimens, mostly of Palæozoic age, which have come to hand since the publication of Part II. of our “Monograph of the British Palæozoic Phyllopoda” (Palæontographical Society), 1892.Figs. 1 and 2 represent Estheriœ from the upper part of the great Karoo Formation of South Africa. Figs. 3 and 4 are exposed on a piece of Moffat shale from Dumfries-shire; and, Fig. 3
IV.—Chloritic Mahl and Warminster Greensand
Authors: Meyer C. J. A. , Browne Jukes A. J. 
Published: May 2009

In the year 1878 there was a short controversy between us respecting these beds in the pages of this Magazine. Since that date we have both enlarged our knowledge of the beds at the junction of Chalk and Greensand, and recently we have had an opportunity of meeting at Seaton in Devon, and of examining the Whitecliff and Beer Head sections together. The result of this and of friendly discussion is that we have both modified our views and have come to an agreement on the most important points about which we differedin1878. Under these circumstances we think it will save trouble and facilitate future enquiry if we jointly express our present views on the subject so far as we are in agreement.1. Chloritic Marl.—As far as we can ascertain, this name was first applied to certain beds at the junction of the Chalk and Greensand in the Isle of Wight It was subsequently adopted by Prof. E. Forbes, for a bed which occupied a similar position in Dorset, and has since been used for any bed lying at the base of the Chalk Marl and containing fossils and green grains.
I.—Contributions to our knowledge of the Genus Cyclus, from the Carboniferous Formation of various British Localities
Authors: Woodward Henry 
Published: May 2009

The curious little shield-like Crustaceans, known under the generic name of Cyclus, were first noticed by de Koninckin1841, and have been subsequently figured and described by various authors, but their exact systematic position lias never been clearly understood owing to the absence of appendages or other indications by which their affinities might be satisfactorily ascertained.In 1868 I gave a description, with figures, of two species:' one of which, the Cyclus radialis, had been previously noticed by de Koninck and Phillips; the other, C. Bankini, was then first made known.In 1870, under the title of “Contributions to British Fossil Crustacea,” I redescribed the above-named species, and added Cyclus bilobatns, C. torosus, C. Jonesianus, C. Wriyhtii, C. Harknetsi, C. (Halicyne) laxus, C. (Halicyne) agnotus.The next record of the genus is to be found in the fifth part of my Monograph of British Fossil Crustacea of the order Merostomata, which records and figures the then known seven British species of Cyclus, but adds no new forms.In 1883 Mr. B. N. Peach, F.K.S., L. and E., F.G.S., published an account of Cyclus testudo, from the Carboniferous series of Langholm, to which reference will again be made later on.In 1893 I noticed a new British species of Cyclus, discovered by Mr. George Scott in the "Gannister seam" of the Lower Coal-measures, Old Clough Colliery, Bacup, Lancashire, which I named Cyclus Scotti.In the same year Mr. F. E. Cowper Eeed, B.A., F.G.S., of Trinity College, Cambridge, gave a description of what he deemed to be probably a new species of Cyclus, from the Carboniferous Limestone of Settle, Yorkshire, near to, but not identical with, C. Harhiessi, which he named V. Woodwardi.
IV.—On some Variolitic Rocks on Carrock Fell
Authors: Harker Alfred 
Published: May 2009

The district of Carrock Fell,inCumberland, is one richinvarieties of intrusive igneous rocks. Those on Carrock Fell itself, while probably belonging to one period of igneous activity, fall under three or four heads, which can be arrangedinchronological sequence, as follows:—(i.) a large intrusion of gabbro generally laccolitio in character.(ii.) a granophyre, also forming laccolitic bodies, but with associated dykes and veins which traverse the gabbro.(iii.) a diabase or gabbro, not essentially different from the first intrusion, but injected later and under somewhat changed conditions.(iv.) a large number of dykes and veins of intermediate to basic composition.These last are found traversing all the other rocks, and therefore, if we are justifiedingrouping them all together, they represent the latest intrusions in the neighbourhood. They vary from straight dykes two or three feet wide to narrow and rather tortuous veins not more than an inch in width.I have recently presented to the Geological Society an account of the larger intrusive masses of Carrock Fell,1 and I originally intended to include also the minor dykes and veins alluded to. This purpose I abandoned in view of the multiplicity and variety of rocks which they include, but some of the specimens examined seem worthy of a brief notice.
V.—On the Application of the Sand-Blast for the Development of Trilobites
Authors: Bernard H. M. 
Published: May 2009

My endeavours to establish a genetic relationship between the Annelida and the Phyllopod Crustacean Apus led me, very naturally, to the study of the Trilobites. Specimens were kindly lent me by Dr. Woodward, F.R.S., Prof. Judd, F.R.S., and by Prof. G. B. Howes, it being my privilege at the time to be working in the Huxley Research Laboratory, which is under his direction.Picking at the fossil with a steel point taught me, what every worker soon finds out for himself, that the limbs which, under such a dorsal shield, would probably have been thin-walled structures, could not be differentiated from the matrix by any such method. Was there, then, no mechanical method of revealing the undersurface? At first I thought, among other things, of a stream of water, mixed with emery powder, forced through a rose; this idea led, very naturally, to the sand-blast. a visit to the London Sandblast “Works” (58A, Gray's Inn Road) gave some promise. The proprietor was kind enough to express interest in the idea, and showed me blocks of granite which had been treated with the sand-blast, and in which the harder elements stood outingood relief. a very short application of one of the sand-blasts belonging to the Works to the under-surface of a Trilobite from the soft Wenloek cleared away a large portion of the matrix, and revealed a small area of the under-surface of the carapace completely cleaned.inthis specimen there was no trace of any under membrane having been cut through, and the carapace was probably the last remnant of a cast skin.
On a Neuropterous Insect from the Lower Lias, Barrow-on-Soar, Leicestershire
Authors: Woodward Henry 
Published: May 2009

So much attention has been bestowed of late years on fossil organic remains from rocks of all ages, that it must appear surprising to find so little notice has been directed to the Insectremains from the British Secondary rocks.It is now nearly fifty years since that veteran geologist, the Rev. P. B. Brodie, M.A., F.G.S., published his modest little 8vo. volume entitled “A History of the Fossil Insects in the Secondary Rocks of England” which is still the only separate work of the kind extant. Numerous Insect-remains have, it is true, been described by Prof. J. O. Westwood, Mr. H. E. Strickland, Prof. J. F. Blake, Mr. A. G. Butler, and Mr. S. H. Scudder, from English rocks of Secondary age; and Mr. Herbert Goss has given an excellent summary of our knowledge of the Mesozoic Insects in the Proceedings of the Geologists' Association (1879).