bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of a Misleading Context on a Design-Copying Task With Children With and Without Learning Disabilities
Authors: Coté Carol A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. I investigated developmental and ability differences on a visual–motor task that requires inhibition of misleading information.
METHOD. Children, including those with and without learning disabilities, and adults copied simple line or dot figures inside a tilted frame with instructions to make the figures straight. Two response methods were used: drawing (motor) and placement of bars or washers (motor reduced).
RESULTS. All participants were influenced by the misleading frame, making figures that deviated from true vertical in both motor and motor-reduced formats. Adults were less influenced than children, and children with learning disabilities were more influenced than their peers. Production of more complex figures resulted in increased influence of the misleading frame.
CONCLUSION. The ability to inhibit misleading contextual information and find an appropriate frame of reference may be an important developmental process in visual–motor skill development. Implications for assessment and task analysis are discussed.
Dynamic Assessment and Prediction of Learning Potential in Clients With Unilateral Neglect
Authors: Toglia Joan , Cermak Sharon A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We investigated the application of dynamic assessment in examining learning potential for adults with right hemisphere stroke and unilateral neglect.
METHODS. Forty adults with right cerebrovascular accident were randomly assigned to a control or dynamic group. Both groups were administered standard pretests and posttests of unilateral neglect. The dynamic group received cues, strategy training, and feedback during an object search task.
RESULTS. Multivariate analysis of covariance indicated significant differences between groups on the object search task, with reduced unilateral neglect in the dynamic group. Greater initiation of left-sided search, strategy use, and near and intermediate transfer of learning were observed in the dynamic group.
CONCLUSIONS. The brief dynamic assessment, developed for this study, provided an opportunity to observe the client's ability to incorporate strategy training and feedback across visual search tasks. This assessment approach has the potential to characterize learning profiles and to guide intervention decisions.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Driving Assessment: An Evidence-Based Literature Review
Authors: Classen Sherrilene , Levy Charles , McCarthy Dennis , Mann William C. , Lanford Desiree , Waid-Ebbs J. Kay 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We conducted a literature review of assessment tools predicting driving performance for people with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
METHOD. Data sources were Web of Science, EBSCOhost, PubMed, and recently published literature from experts and team members not yet catalogued in the databases. We used the American Academy of Neurology's classification criteria to extract data from 13 studies, and we assigned a class (I–IV, with I being the highest level of evidence) to each study. We grouped primary studies into categories of driving assessment (neuropsychological; simulator; off-road; self-report, other report, and postinjury disability status; and comprehensive driving evaluation) and synthesized the predictability of these tools as it relates to driving performance for people with TBI.
CONCLUSIONS. To assist clinicians and researchers in making decisions regarding testing the driving performance of people with TBI, we provide recommendations for neuropsychological tests; off-road tests; self-report, other report, and postinjury disability status; and comprehensive driving evaluation.
Kettle Test—A Brief Measure of Cognitive Functional Performance: Reliability and Validity in Stroke Rehabilitation
Authors: Hartman-Maeir Adina , Harel Hagit , Katz Noomi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVES. We examined the reliability and validity of the Kettle Test, a brief performance measure based on a complex everyday task designed to tap into basic and higher level cognitive processes.
METHOD. Participants included 21 people attending stroke rehabilitation and 4 occupational therapists for the reliability analysis, 36 people at discharge from stroke rehabilitation, and 36 age-matched healthy control participants for the validity analyses. Instruments included a battery of conventional cognitive measures and functional outcomes.
RESULTS. Interrater reliability was found to be high. Stroke survivors at discharge from rehabilitation were found to require significantly more assistance on the Kettle Test than control participants (p &lt; .000); their scores on the Kettle Test were significantly and moderately correlated with the conventional cognitive and functional outcome measures.
CONCLUSIONS. The results support the reliability and validity of the Kettle Test as a top-down measure of cognition-in-function in people at discharge from stroke rehabilitation.
Pilot Study on Activities of Daily Living Limitations in Adults With Hemianopsia
Authors: Warren Mary 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. I sought to obtain a general understanding of the limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) experienced by adults with hemianopsia and quandrantanopsia from acquired brain injury.
METHOD. A semistructured interview addressing the perception of difficulty completing ADLs because of vision loss and a reading performance test were administered to 46 participants referred to a low vision rehabilitation program.
RESULTS. Participants reported difficulty completing two basic ADLs, personal hygiene–grooming and feeding, and several instrumental ADLs, including driving, shopping, financial management, telephone usage, and meal preparation. ADL limitations appear to be related to the amount of visual search needed to complete the ADL and disruption of the performance skills of reading, writing, and mobility.
CONCLUSION. People with hemianopsia experience limitations in specific ADLs as a direct result of the disruption of the visual field. Further investigation is needed to confirm these findings and explore interventions to improve ADL performance.
Occupational Therapy for Service Members With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Radomski Mary Vining , Davidson Leslie , Voydetich Deborah , Erickson Mary W. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
More occupational therapists are needed to provide client-centered, evidence-based rehabilitation to the large numbers of service members who sustained mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) while deployed in Afghanistan and Iraq. The Proponency for Rehabilitation and Reintegration tasked a team of occupational and physical therapists to assemble evidence-based best practices specific to mTBI. Despite the fact that evidence-based reviews, guidelines, and research regarding occupational therapy for mTBI are sparse, the team developed the Clinical Practice Guidance: Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Occupational therapy practice recommendations specific to client education, vision, cognition, resumption of roles, and emotional well-being are summarized for civilians and characterized as practice standards or practice options. By using evidence-informed and holistic services, occupational therapists have the potential to lead rehabilitation and reintegration efforts for service members with mTBI and advance changes in the profession itself.
Development and Standardization of a “Do–Eat” Activity of Daily Living Performance Test for Children
Authors: Josman Naomi , Goffer Ayelet , Rosenblum Sara 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND. The Do–Eat was developed to evaluate daily task performance abilities among children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). This study investigated the tool’s reliability and validity.METHOD. Participants were 59 children ages 5 to 6.5 years; 30 children diagnosed with DCD according to the DSM–IV–TR; and a control group of 29 children, who were matched for age, gender, and sociodemographic background.RESULTS. Both the Do–Eat and the accompanying Parent Questionnaire yielded high internal consistency (αs = .89–.93). Construct validity was demonstrated by significant between-group differences on the Do-Eat (t[57] = 14.09, p &lt; .001) and the Parent Questionnaire (t[57] = 3.64, p &lt; .001). Significant correlations between children’s scores on the sensory–motor component of the Do–Eat and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children final score confirmed concurrent validity (r = −.86, p &lt; .001).CONCLUSIONS. Results suggest that the Do–Eat is a reliable, valid tool for identifying children at risk for DCD.
Documenting Progress: Hand Therapy Treatment Shift From Biomechanical to Occupational Adaptation
Authors: Jack Jada , Estes Rebecca I. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The investment of time and self to develop therapeutic relationships with clients appears incongruent with today’s time-constrained health care system, yet bridging the gap of these incongruencies is the challenge therapists face to provide high-quality, client-centered, occupation-based treatment. This case report illustrates a shift in approach from biomechanical to occupational adaptation (OA) in an orthopedic outpatient clinic. The progress of a client with lupus-related arthritis who was 6 days postsurgery is documented. The intervention initially used a biomechanical frame of reference, but when little progress had been made at 10 weeks after surgery, a shift was made to the more client-centered OA approach. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was administered, and an OA approach was initiated. On reassessment, clinically important improvements were documented in all functional tasks addressed. An OA approach provides the bridge between the application of clinical expertise, client-centered, occupation-based therapy and the time constraints placed by payer sources.
Consensus Statement on Effective Communication of Urgent Diagnoses and Significant, Unexpected Diagnoses in Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology From the College of American Pathologists and Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology
Authors: Nakhleh Raouf E. , Myers Jeffrey L. , Allen Timothy C. , DeYoung Barry R. , Fitzgibbons Patrick L. , Funkhouser William K. , Mody Dina R. , Lynn Amy , Fatheree Lisa A. , Smith Anthony T. , Lal Avtar , Silverman Jan F. 
Published: October 2011

Context.—Recognizing the difficulty in applying the concept of critical values to anatomic pathology diagnoses, the College of American Pathologists and the Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology have chosen to reevaluate the concept of critical diagnoses.Objective.—To promote effective communication of urgent and significant, unexpected diagnoses in surgical pathology and cytology.Design.—A comprehensive literature search was conducted and reviewed by an expert panel.Results.—A policy of effective communication of important results in surgical pathology and cytology is desirable to enhance patient safety and to address multiple regulatory requirements.Conclusions.—Each institution should create its own policy regarding urgent diagnoses and significant, unexpected diagnoses in anatomic pathology. This policy should be separate from critical results or panic-value policies in clinical pathology, with the expectation of a different time frame for communication. Urgent diagnosis is defined as a medical condition that, in most cases, should be addressed as soon as possible. Significant, unexpected diagnosis is defined as a medical condition that is clinically unusual or unforeseen and should be addressed at some point in the patient's course. Further details of this statement are provided.
Barium
Authors: Boffito Claudio 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBarium belongs to Group 2(IIA) of the Perioidic Table. In its natural form, barium never occurs as the metal because of its reactivity, but is almost always found as the ore barite. China and India account for 70% of the world's barite supplies. Barium metal is produced by the reduction of barium oxide with a less nonvolatile element, usually aluminum. Barium's economic information is based on barite. Barite is used in the oil and gas drilling industries where it is used to make drilling mud. Barium metal reacts with water and acids. Contact with skin causes irritation and possible corrosive damage. Barium occurs in seawater . The terrestrial abundance of barium is ∼ 250 g/t. The major use of barium is the production of barium‐aluminum alloy‐evaporation getters (gas absorbers) in CRTs for television sets and computer monitors. It is also used to improve performance of lead alloys grids of acid batteries and in barium‐nickel alloys for spark plug electrodes and in vacuum tubes.
Beryllium and Beryllium Alloys and Composities
Authors: Kaczynski Donald J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBeryllium is the only light metal having a high melting point. Although 45 beryllium‐containing minerals have been identified, only beryl and bertrandite are of commercial significance. Brush Resources Inc.,operating in Utah, is the one U.S. company that mines bertrandite ore, which is converted along with imported beryl and beryl from the U.S. National Defense Stockpile into beryllium hydroxide. The majority of beryllium commercially used is in alloys, principally copper‐beryllium alloys. The uses of unalloyed beryllium is based on its nuclear and thermal properties and its unique stiffness. Beryllium oxide ceramics are important because of very high thermal conductivity of the oxide while also serving as an electrical insulator. Beryllium's reactivity limits its use in the formulation of composite materials. There are only two available: beryllium‐aluminum and beryllium‐beryllium oxide. A small amount of beryllium produces strong effects in several base metals. In copper and nickel, this alloying element promotes strengthening through precipitation hardening. In aluminum alloys, a small addition improves oxidation resistance, castability, and workability.Beryllium, beryllium‐containing alloys, and beryllium oxide ceramics can be recycled.
Sodium Chloride
Authors: Feldman Susan R. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The electrolyte, sodium chloride, NaCl, is commonly known as salt. It is readily available and inexpensive. A basic requirement for life, it is found throughout the earth in natural underground deposits.as the mineral halite and as mixed evaporates in saline lakes. Salt is the largest component of dissolved solids found in seawater. Underground deposits are found throughout the world. Producers of salt classify their output by the three methods used for its production: mechanical evaporation of solution‐mined brine, such as evaporated‐granulated salt; underground mining of halite deposits, ie, rock salt; and solar evaporation of seawater, natural brine, or solution‐mined brine such as solar salt. Salt in solution is a fourth classification, ie, solution‐mined brine typically used for feedstock for chemical production. Salt is consumed by most of the world's population and a minimum intake of 500 mg/day is needed to sustain health. However, there are populations that need to restrict their intake because of health issues such as hypertension. Over 14,000 uses of salt have been identified The salt industry generally classifies salt uses by five principal categories and lumps the remaining in the miscellaneous category. Uses are as follows: 1, chemical, 2, highway deicing and stabilization;3, food use and processing; 4, agriculture; 5, water conditioning; and 6, miscellaneous
Y3−xErxAl5O12 Aluminate Ceramics: Preparation, Thermal Properties and Theoretical Model of Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Liu Yan‐Gai , Peng Peng , Fang Minghao , Huang Zhaohui 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRare‐earth aluminate ceramics for thermal‐barrier coatings (TBCs) are synthesized. The Young's modulus and thermal properties decrease with erbium additive increasing. The Y3−xErxAl5O12 ceramics (x = 1, 3) possess a much‐lower thermal conductivity compared with 8YSZ. The lower Young's modulus and thermal‐expansion coefficient are due to the larger atomic weight of the Er substitutional atom. Additional phonon‐scattering effects also contribute to the lower thermal conductivity. The results indicate that Y3−xErxAl5O12 can be explored as a candidate material for TBC systems. A theoretical model that describes the influence of point defects on the thermal conductivity is discussed.
Aligned Single‐Crystalline β‐Si3N4 Whiskers Prepared with SHS Process
Authors: Xia Min , Ge Changchun , Guo Hongyan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAligned single‐crystalline β‐Si3N4 whiskers with high aspect ratio were first prepared via a Self‐propagating high temperature‐synthesis (SHS) process, by using tungsten powders as catalysts. The as‐synthesized Si3N4 whiskers typically have uniform diameters of 400 nm, length about 200 µm, and exhibit smooth and straight surfaces. Above all, the products possesses a perfect aligned structure, which is quite different from the reported β‐Si3N4 whiskers. Elastic bending modulus of individual whiskers was measured by in‐situ TEM process, the average value of elastic bending modulus of individual as‐synthesized whiskers was 488 GPa. Results revealed that tungsten powders plays an significant effects on the morphology of Si3N4 whiskers.
Quantum mechanics needs no consciousness
Authors: Yu S. , Nikolić D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIt has been suggested that consciousness plays an important role in quantum mechanics as it is necessary for the collapse of wave function during the measurement. Here we formulated several predictions that follow from this hypothetical relationship and that can be empirically tested. Experimental results that are already available suggest falsification of these predictions. Thus, the suggested link between human consciousness and collapse of wave function does not seem viable. We discuss the implications of these conclusions on the role of the human observer for quantum mechanics and on the role of quantum mechanics for the observer's consciousness.
Study and optimization of a soaking treatment to reduce migration from plasticized polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Boussoum M. O. , Belhaneche‐Bensemra N. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCommercial sunflower oil was epoxidized, and epoxidized sunflower oil (ESO) was used as a thermal stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This work describes a process capable to reduce the additives migration between plasticized PVC stabilized with ESO and food simulants. For that purpose, samples were first soaked in n‐heptane and then dried. Soaking temperature and drying temperature with time were optimized by using the methodology of experiment plans. The optimal conditions found were applied to study the migration of additives in a fatty simulant (olive oil) at 40°C. The test conditions were 12 days. Twelve circular samples of plasticized PVC were immersed in 120 mL of olive oil. A circular sample and 10 mL of food simulant were taken off every day to be analyzed. The rate of mass variation was followed. The specific migrations of the present additives were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry and gas chromatography‐ mass spectrometry. The results showed that the studied process reduced considerably the additives migration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Propylene polymerization over MgCl2‐supported TiCl4 catalysts bearing different amounts of a diether internal electron donor: Extrapolation to the role of internal electron donor on active site
Authors: Lu Li , Niu Hui , Dong Jin‐Yong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this work, the composition of MgCl2‐supported Ziegler‐Natta (ZN) catalysts bearing different amounts of 9,9‐bis(methoxymethyl)fluorine (BMMF) and the propylene polymerization over these catalysts are investigated. Based on the experimental results, the models of active sites suitable for ZN catalysts with/without internal donor BMMF are established, and they can be described as follows: atactic site (I)—isolated TiCl4 monomeric species on the (110) lateral cut (around which there is no complexes), weakly isospecific site (II)—semi‐isolated and surrounded TiCl4 monomeric species on the (110) lateral cut (in the vicinity of which BMMF or other TiCl4 is adsorbed), and highly isospecific site (III)—dimeric TiCl4 species (Ti2Cl8) on the (104) lateral cut. Meanwhile, the mechanism underlying the role of BMMF on active sites is revealed (i) convert atactic sites (I) to weakly isospecific site (II) by occupying either or both of L1 or/and L2 vacancies around site; (ii) improve the isotacticity of weakly isospecific site (II) in donor‐free ZN catalyst by adsorbing at L2 vacancy or/and replacing the Cl for TiCl4 at L1; and (iii) replace highly isospecific site (III). In addition, these roles of BMMF are successively achieved according to the amount of BMMF added. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Spiro‐Configured Bipolar Host Materials for Highly Efficient Electrophosphorescent Devices
Authors: Ku Sung‐Yu , Hung Wen‐Yi , Chen Chung‐Wen , Yang Shih‐Wei , Mondal Ejabul , Chi Yun , Wong Ken‐Tsung 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this study, we synthesized and characterized a series of spirobifluorene‐based bipolar compounds (D2 ACN, DNPACN, DNTACN, and DCzACN) in which a dicyano‐substituted biphenyl branch, linked orthogonally to a donor biphenyl branch bearing various diarylamines, acted as an acceptor unit allowing fine‐tuning of the morphological stability, triplet energy, bipolar transport behavior, and the HOMO and LUMO energy levels. The promising physical properties of these new compounds, together with their ability to transport electrons and holes with balanced mobilities, made them suitable for use as host materials in highly efficient phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) with green iridium‐based‐ or red osmium‐based phosphors as the emitting layer (EML). We adopted a multilayer structure to efficiently confine holes and electrons within the EML, thus preventing exciton diffusion and improving device efficiency. The device incorporating D2 ACN doped with the red emitter [Os(bpftz)2(PPhMe2)2] (bpftz=3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐5‐(4‐tert‐butylpyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolate) gave a saturated red electrophosphorescence with CIE coordinates of (0.65, 0.35) and remarkably high efficiencies of 20.3 % (21 cd A−1) and 13.5 Lm W−1 at a practical brightness of 1000 cd m−2.