bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic horticulture in clinical depression: a prospective study of active components
Authors: Gonzalez Marianne Thorsen , Hartig Terry , Patil Grete Grindal , Martinsen Egil W. , Kirkevold Marit 
Published: July 2010

gonzalez m.t., hartig t., patil g.g., martinsen e.w. & kirkevold m. (2010) Therapeutic horticulture in clinical depression: a prospective study of active components.Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(9), 2002–2013.AbstractAim. This paper is a report of a study conducted to assess change in depression severity, perceived attentional capacity and rumination (brooding) in individuals with clinical depression during a therapeutic horticulture programme and to investigate if the changes were mediated by experiences of being away and fascination.Background. Individuals with clinical depression suffer from distortion of attention and rumination. Interventions can help to disrupt maladaptive rumination and promote restoration of depleted attentional capacity.Method. A single‐group study was conducted with a convenience sample of 28 people with clinical depression in 2009. Data were collected before, twice during, and immediately after a 12‐week therapeutic horticulture programme, and at 3‐month follow‐up. Assessment instruments were the Beck Depression Inventory, Attentional Function Index, Brooding Scale, and Being Away and Fascination subscales from the Perceived Restorativeness Scale.Findings. Mean Beck Depression Inventory scores declined by 4·5 points during the intervention (F = 5·49,P = 0·002). The decline was clinically relevant for 50% of participants. Attentional Function Index scores increased (F = 4·14,P = 0·009), while Brooding scores decreased (F = 4·51,P = 0·015). The changes in Beck Depression Inventory and Attentional Function Index scores were mediated by increases in Being Away and Fascination, and decline in Beck Depression Inventory scores was also mediated by decline in Brooding. Participants maintained their improvements in Beck Depression Inventory scores at 3‐month follow‐up.Conclusion. Being away and fascination appear to work as active components in a therapeutic horticulture intervention for clinical depression.
Falls among Koreans 45 years of age and older: incidence and risk factors
Authors: Hong Gwi‐Ryung Son , Cho Sung‐Hyun , Tak YoungRan 
Published: July 2010

hong g.‐r.s., cho s.‐h. & tak y. (2010) Falls among Koreans 45 years of age and older: incidence and risk factors. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(9), 2014–2024.AbstractAim.  The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of falls according to age and risk factors among Korean adults 45 years of age and older.Background.  Falling is a known critical incident that results in injuries and limits the daily activities of older adults.Method.  The 2006 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, a publicly available database, was used for this study, which was conducted in 2006 with a total of 10,254 respondents. The variables used in this study were selected from the demographic and health sections of the larger study.Findings.  The overall incidence of any type of fall was 4·0%, and the incidence of injurious falls tended to increase with increasing age; however, people below 65 years of age had a greater proportion of injurious falls than any of the older adult groups. All types of falls were more likely to occur among older adults and those with arthritis, visual deficits, cognitive impairments and depression. In addition, older age, visual deficits, weak grip, cognitive impairment and depression were key risk factors for falls requiring treatment and those resulting in difficulties in activities of daily living. Falls resulting in hip fractures occurred more frequently among women, people with visual deficits and those with depression.Conclusion.  Future assessments of the incidence and risk factors for falls and studies of fall interventions should begin with younger age groups, namely those 45 years of age and older.
Introgression and phylogeography ofBetula nana(diploid),B. pubescens(tetraploid) and their triploid hybrids in Iceland inferred from cpDNA haplotype variation
Authors: Thórsson Æ. Th. , Pálsson S. , Lascoux M. , Anamthawat‐Jónsson K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim The objective was to find direct genetic evidence supporting introgressive hybridization between tetraploid tree birch (Betula pubescens) and diploid dwarf birch (B. nana), via triploid hybrids, and to investigate an association between the introgression and phylogeographical distribution of Icelandic birch.Location Samples were collected from 463 trees in 12 woodlands in Iceland and eight locations in Norway, Sweden, Scotland and Greenland.Methods Ploidy status of individual trees was determined by chromosome counting. Variation in the chloroplast genome was assessed using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism. The geographical distribution of the haplotypes was mapped. The haplotype variation and introgression ratios (IG)were analysed statistically.Results Thirteen haplotypes were identified among Icelandic samples. The most common haplotype (T, 49% occurrence) was present in all ploidy groups and in all woodlands. All common haplotypes were shared between the triploid group and the parental species, indicating introgressive hybridization. This was supported by the statistical analysis ofIGindices and the variation components. Considerable differences existed among samples, shaped by isolation by distance and local introgression. An east–west phylogeographical distribution in Iceland was observed.Main conclusions Despite extensive introgression across species and ploidy levels, a biogeographical pattern has been observed, and this may indicate different population histories or multiple origins of Icelandic birch. The chloroplast haplotype diversity found in Iceland resembles that found in birch populations from northern Scandinavia.
Intraspecific variability and trait‐based community assembly
Authors: Jung Vincent , Violle Cyrille , Mondy Cédric , Hoffmann Lucien , Muller Serge 
Published: July 2010

Summary 1. Trait‐based approaches applied to community ecology have led to a considerable advance in understanding the effect of environmental filters on species assembly. Although plant traits are known to vary both between and within species, little is known about the role of intraspecific trait variability in the non‐random assembly mechanisms controlling the coexistence of species, including habitat filtering and niche differentiation. 2. We investigate the role of intraspecific variability in three key functional traits – specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and height – in structuring grassland communities distributed along a flooding gradient. We quantified the contribution of intraspecific variability relative to interspecific differences in the trait–gradient relationship, and we used a null model approach to detect patterns of habitat filtering and niche differentiation, with and without intraspecific variability. 3. Community mean SLA and height varied significantly along the flooding gradient and intraspecific variability accounted for 44% and 32%, respectively, of these trait–gradient relationships. LDMC did not vary along the gradient, with and without accounting for intraspecific variability. Our null model approach revealed significant patterns of habitat filtering and niche differentiation for SLA and height, but not for LDMC. More strikingly, considering intraspecific trait variability greatly increased the detection of habitat filtering and was necessary to detect niche differentiation processes. 4. Synthesis. Our study provides evidence for a strong role of intraspecific trait variability in community assembly. Our findings suggest that intraspecific trait variability promotes species coexistence, by enabling species to pass through both abiotic and biotic filters. We argue that community ecology would benefit from more attention to intraspecific variability.
The expression of TLR9 in human cutaneous leishmaniasis is associated with granuloma
Authors: TUON F. F. , FERNANDES E. R. , PAGLIARI C. , DUARTE M. I. S. , AMATO V. S. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signalling pathway is the first system that defends against Leishmania. After recognising Leishmania as nonself, TLRs trigger NF‐κB expression. NF‐κB proceeds to the nucleus and promotes the transcription of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. TLR9 is thus an important factor in the induction of an effective immune response against Leishmania. We examined the pattern of TLR9 expression in 12 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis detected by polymerase chain reaction. Normal skin was analysed as a negative control. TLR9 expression was examined in the dermis and epidermis by immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin‐embedded biopsy tissue. TLR9 expression was primarily observed in the granuloma. The protein was detected in a few cells in the dermis. A lower expression level was detected in the epidermis of patients with leishmaniasis when compared with normal skin. The presence of TLR9 in the skin of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis is associated with granuloma and expressed by macrophages.
Roux‐en‐Y loop varices in children with portal hypertension after liver transplantation: An unusual cause of “obscure” gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Chu Jaime , Kerkar Nanda , Miloh Tamir A. , Rodriguez‐Laiz Gonzalo , Lewis Blair , Stangl Anondo , Newton Kimberly P. , Iyer Kishore , Arnon Ronen 
Published: July 2010

Chu J, Kerkar N, Miloh TA, Rodriguez‐Laiz G, Lewis B, Stangl A, Newton KP, Iyer K, Arnon R. Roux‐en‐Y loop varices in children with portal hypertension after liver transplantation: An unusual cause of “obscure” gastro intestinal bleeding.  Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: E156–E161. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  PHALT may result from graft dysfunction, portal vein thrombosis, arterio‐venous fistulas and can lead to GIB, commonly from bleeding esophageal varices. We present three children with GIB requiring multiple blood transfusions that were diagnosed with RY Loop bleeding. Routine EGD, colonoscopy, and CE failed to reveal the bleeding source. However, enteroscopy revealed large varices at the site of hepaticojejunostomy anastomosis in all. Our experience demonstrates that RY loop varices in children with PHALT are a rare and treatable cause of obscure GI bleeding.
Improved outcomes in pediatric liver transplantation for acute liver failure
Authors: Miloh Tamir , Kerkar Nanda , Parkar Sanobar , Emre Sukru , Annunziato Rachel , Mendez Carlos , Arnon Ronen , Suchy Frederick , Rodriguez‐Laiz Gonzalo , Del Rio Martin Juan , Sturdevant Mark , Iyer Kishore 
Published: July 2010

Miloh T, Kerkar N, Parkar S, Emre S, Annunziato R, Mendez C, Arnon R, Suchy F, Rodriguez‐Laiz G, Del Rio Martin J, Sturdevant M, Iyer K. Improved outcomes in pediatric liver transplantation for acute liver failure. Pediatr Transplantation 2010: 14:863–869. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  OLT is a life‐saving option for ALF. Aim: To evaluate our outcomes in pediatric OLT for ALF. Methods: Retrospective review of our data between 1992 and 2007. Results: Of 142 children with ALF, 126 were listed, of which 40 spontaneously improved, nine died, and 77 underwent OLT (median waiting time four days). Fifty‐three children received deceased donor grafts (34 whole and 19 split grafts), and there were 24 living donor grafts. The one‐ and five‐yr patient survival was 87% and 80%, and graft survival 83% and 79%, respectively. Thirteen patients died after OLT, and there were nine retransplants in seven patients. Patient weight, length of stay, creatinine, and infection were significantly associated with death; increased weight and black ethnicity were associated with graft loss on univariate analysis, but not on multivariate analysis. There were no significant differences in patient survival (one and five yr), graft loss, or other complications between the groups. Conclusion: We report the largest single‐center study of OLT in pediatric ALF, demonstrating no difference in outcomes between different graft types. Our liberal use of segmental grafts may allow earlier OLT in this high‐risk cohort and contribute to our excellent outcomes.
Arytenoid dislocation after cardiac surgery
Authors: Niwa Y. , Nakae A. , Ogawa M. , Takashina M. , Hagihira S. , Ueyama H. , Mashimo T. 
Published: July 2010

Occurring most usually as complications of upper aerodigestive tract instrumentation during endotracheal intubation or extubation, arytenoid cartilage dislocation and arytenoid subluxation are uncommon laryngeal injuries. Their precise cause, however, is usually difficult to determine. We encountered arytenoid dislocation following cardiac surgery requiring the use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). This case prompted us to review some of the mechanisms of injury to the cricoarytenoid joint. We conclude that even very subtle force may dislocate the arytenoid cartilage. We speculate that careless insertion of a TEE probe is mechanically capable of causing arytenoid dislocation and arytenoid subluxation.As ideal tools for intra‐operative cardiovascular monitoring, TEE probes are increasingly being used routinely during cardiovascular surgery. So far, arytenoid cartilage dislocation and subluxation following TEE probe insertion have been reported rarely, but complications caused by TEE may increase in the near future. We wish to emphasize the pathophysiological risks of TEE monitoring and other procedures associated with anesthesia, and the need for a proper explanation to achieve informed consent before carrying out TEE monitoring during cardiac surgeries.
Melanic through nature or nurture: genetic polymorphism and phenotypic plasticity inHarmonia axyridis
Authors: MICHIE L. J. , MALLARD F. , MAJERUS M. E. N. , JIGGINS F. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIndividuals can adapt to heterogeneity in their environment through either local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity. Colour forms of the ladybirdHarmonia axyridisare a classic example of local adaptation, in which the frequency of melanic forms varies greatly between populations. In some populations, there are also large seasonal changes in allele frequency, with melanism being costly in summer and beneficial in winter. We report that the non‐melanic morph ofH. axyridisdramatically increases its degree of melanization at cold temperatures. Furthermore, there is genetic variation in reaction norms, with different families responding to temperature in different ways. Variation at different spatial and temporal scales appears to have selected for either genetic or phenotypically plastic adaptations, which may be important in thermoregulation. As melanism is known to have a large effect on fitness inH. axyridis, this plasticity of melanization may have hastened its spread as an invasive species.
Is There a Two‐Humped Stage in the Embryonic Development of the Dromedary?
Authors: Kinne J. , Wani N. A. , Wernery U. , Peters J. , Knospe C. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryIt has been postulated that the one‐humped (Arabian) dromedary and the two‐humped (Bactrian) camel originated from a single ancestor. Consequently, the dromedary was considered a breed of the two‐humped camel, based on an anatomical study by Lombardini L, 1879: Ann. Del. Universita Toscane, 259, 147, who described a reduced second hump like structure in foetal and adult dromedaries. To resolve this lingering issue, we analysed dromedary foetuses and calves. In contrast to the situation in two‐humped camels, we never observed any rudimentary second hump in the dromedary foetuses or calves.
Study of the Structure of Canine Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenic Culture
Authors: Eslaminejad M. B. , Taghiyar L. 
Published: July 2010

With 6 figures and 1 tableSummaryThis study was designed to investigate the morphological features of osteogenic cultures that were established from canine marrow derived‐mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Tripotent canine MSCs were plated in osteogenic conditions for 3 weeks, at the end of which the cultures were observed by light and transmission electron microscopy. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the culture was determined during the differentiation period. To assess whether endochondral or intramembranous ossification was involved in MSC bone differentiation, the cultures were explored for cartilage‐related gene expression. Multiple nodule‐like cell aggregates appeared to form in the osteogenic cultures. These nodules were covered by a periosteum‐like layer and osteocyte‐like cells of varying morphology were located in lacuna‐like cavities within the nodule mass. Furthermore, the bone nodules possessed an abundant matrix in which clearly striated collagen I fibres were arranged in perpendicular bundles. Matrix vesicles involving in matrix mineralization were evident in the nodules. This was in accordance with increased ALP activity in the culture. No expression of cartilage‐related genes was observed, which suggested that osteogenesis might occur by intramembranous ossification. In conclusion, canine MSCs could be an appropriate model for studying in vitro bone development.
Detrital zircon geochronology of the Cretaceous Sindong Group, Southeast Korea: Implications for depositional age and Early Cretaceous igneous activity
Authors: Lee Yong Il , Choi Taejin , Lim Hyoun Soo , Orihashi Yuji 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Sindong Group forms the lowermost basin‐fill of the Gyeongsang Basin, the largest Cretaceous nonmarine basin located in southeastern Korea, and comprises the Nakdong, Hasandong, and Jinju Formations with decreasing age. The depositional age of the Sindong Group has not yet been determined well and the reported age ranges from the Valanginian to Albian. Detrital zircons from the Sindong Group have been subjected to U–Pb dating using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The Sindong Group contains noticeable amounts of detrital magmatic zircons of Cretaceous age (138–106 Ma), indicative of continuous magmatic activity prior to and during deposition of the Sindong Group. The youngest detrital zircon age of three formations becomes progressively younger stratigraphically: 118 Ma for the Nakdong Formation, 109 Ma for the Hasandong Formation, and 106 Ma for the Jinju Formation. Accordingly, the depositional age of the Sindong Group ranges from the late Aptian to late Albian, which is much younger than previously thought. Lower Cretaceous magmatic activity, which supplied detrital zircons to the Sindong Group, changed its location spatially through time; it occurred in the middle and northern source areas during the early stage, and then switched to the middle to southern source areas during the middle to late stages. This study reports first the Lower Cretaceous magmatic activity from the East Asian continental margin, which results in a narrower magmatic gap (ca 20 m.y.) than previously known.
Interactions of urate transporter URAT1 in human kidney with uricosuric drugs
Authors: SHIN HO JUNG , TAKEDA MICHIO , ENOMOTO ATSUSHI , FUJIMURA MASAAKI , MIYAZAKI HIROKI , ANZAI NAOHIKO , ENDOU HITOSHI 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTAim: Hyperuricaemia is a significant factor in a variety of diseases, including gout and cardiovascular diseases. The kidney plays a dominant role in maintaining plasma urate levels through the excretion process. Human renal urate transporter URAT1 is thought to be an essential molecule that mediates the reabsorption of urate on the apical side of the proximal tubule. In this study the pharmacological characteristics and clinical implications of URAT1 were elucidated.Methods: Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells stably expressing URAT1 (MDCK‐URAT1) were established and examined the interactions of URAT1 with various drugs such as benzbromarone and its metabolites including 6‐hydroxybenzbromarone, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and urate transport inhibitors including E3040 and probenecid.Results: MDCK‐URAT1 cells exhibited a time‐ and dose‐dependent increase in urate uptake, with a Km value of 570.7 µmol/L. When an URAT1‐green fluorescent protein fusion protein construct was expressed in MDCK cells, the protein was sorted mainly to the apical side of the membrane. The drugs except for captoril dose‐dependently inhibited urate uptake mediated by URAT1, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging 0.05–716 µmol/L.Conclusion: Comparing these IC50values with intratubular concentrations of unbound drugs in humans, it is thought that URAT1 is a target molecule of uricosuric drugs, including 6‐hydroxybenzbromarone, probenecid, indomethacin and salicylate, to inhibit urate reabsorptionin vivo. In addition, a cell line that stably expressing URAT1 could be a useful tool for the development of uricosuric drugs.
Renal biopsy in type 2 diabetes: Timing of complications and evaluating of safety in Chinese patients
Authors: ZHANG PEI‐PEI , GE YONG‐CHUN , LI SHI‐JUN , XIE HONG‐LANG , LI LEI‐SHI , LIU ZHI‐HONG 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTAim:  It has been recognized that renal lesions in patients with diabetes often have other causes of renal damage concomitantly. Renal biopsy is a valuable tool to provide histological evidence. However, the safety in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving renal biopsy is not well evaluated. This study was conducted to monitor the dynamic complications and to evaluate the safety of biopsy in diabetic patients.Methods:  A prospective observation was performed on 130 patients with type 2 diabetes and 150 patients not undergoing renal biopsy. The complications were monitored at 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h sequentially after biopsy.Results:  Haematoma was observed in 34 (26.15%) patients with diabetes and 50 (33.33%) in controls (P = 0.19). The timing of large haematoma peaked at 4 h. Gross haematuria occurred in 12 (9.23%) diabetic patients and eight (5.33%) controls (P = 0.207). It happened mainly within 8 h. Renal pathological diagnosis showed 96 (73.85%) cases with diabetic nephropathy and 34 (26.15%) cases with non‐diabetic renal disease.Conclusion:  Renal biopsy in patients with type 2 diabetes is safe. The frequency of complications after renal biopsy in diabetes is no higher than those without diabetes. The complications mostly happened within 8 h, especially within 4 h. Biopsy is also very necessary to rule out other chronic renal diseases in diabetes.
Review: Complement and its regulatory proteins in kidney diseases
Authors: LESHER ALLISON M , SONG WEN‐CHAO 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTComplement is a part of the body's innate immune system that helps defend the host from microbial infection. It is tightly controlled by a number of cell surface and fluid‐phase proteins so that under normal circumstances injury to autologous tissues is avoided. In many pathological settings, such as when the complement regulatory mechanisms are dysfunctional or overwhelmed, complement attack of autologous tissues can occur with severe, sometimes life‐threatening consequences. The kidney appears to be particularly vulnerable to complement‐mediated inflammatory injury and many kidney pathologies have been linked to abnormal complement activation. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that complement attack can be a primary cause in rare, genetically predisposed kidney diseases or a significant contributor to kidney injury caused by other etiological factors. Here we provide a brief review of recent advances on the activation and regulation of the complement system in kidney disease, with a particular emphasis on the relevance of complement regulatory proteins.