bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient approach for multi-GNSS precise orbit determination using uncombined observations
Authors: Fan Lei , Wu Ziqian , Zhou Linghao , Zhang Tao , Fang Xinqi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Data processing of the Global Navigation Satellite System using uncombined (UC) observations has been a hot topic in recent years. However, the computation complexity and time consumption of the UC approach is much higher than those of the linear combination approach due to there being more parameters of interest. Concerning this issue, we propose a three-step approach by combining the ionosphere-free (IF) observation model and the UC observation model in a network scheme to reduce computation complexity. The first two steps are based on the IF observation model to detect cycle slips and gross errors using preprocessing and post-fit residual screening algorithms, respectively, while the third step is based on the UC observation model in which the ambiguities estimated from the IF model are used for UC ambiguity resolution (IF-IF-UC). To validate this approach, a network of 140 globally distributed stations is chosen and 1 year of GPS/GALILEO/BDS-3 dual-frequency data in 2021 is processed. The 1D RMSs of satellite orbit difference and the average STDs of satellite clock differences with respect to ESA’s products for GPS, Galileo and BDS-3 are 1.8, 2.4 and 4.1 cm and 0.024, 0.019 and 0.028 ns, respectively. Compared with the GIM products provided by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe, the mean RMSs of the VTEC differences for GPS, Galileo and BDS-3 are 2.38, 2.30 and 3.09 TECU. For comparison purposes, the approach where all three-steps are based on the UC model is also conducted (UC-UC-UC). Results show that satellite orbits, clocks and VTECs from the IF-IF-UC approach are almost the same as those from the UC-UC-UC approach. By introducing high-performance linear algebra libraries, the elapsed time of the proposed IF-IF-UC approach is about 1 h, which is an improvement of 36% when compared to the UC-UC-UC approach. Nevertheless, the elapsed time is nearly 6 d when the UC-UC-UC approach is conducted without introducing high-performance linear algebra libraries.
Segregated solutions for a nonlinear Schrödinger system involving mass supercritical exponents
Authors: Guo Qidong , Hua Qiaoqiao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the following nonlinear Schrödinger system

{

−
Δ
u
+

(

λ
+
P

(
y
)

)

u
=
α

u

3
+
ε

+
β
u

v
2

,

in

ℝ
2

,

−
Δ
v
+

(

λ
+
Q

(
y
)

)

v
=
γ

v

3
+
ε

+
β

u
2

v
,

in

ℝ
2

,

u
>
0
,
v
>

0
,

in

ℝ
2

,

with prescribed mass

∫

R

2

(

u
2

+

v
2

)
=
1

, where λ is a Lagrange multiplier, P(y) and Q(y) are real-valued potentials,

α
,
β
,
γ
∈

R

+

are constants, and

3
+
ε

is a slightly mass supercritical exponent. In this paper, we show that there exists a segregated vector solution, and it is the number of the critical points of the potentials P(y) and Q(y) that affects the existence and the number of solutions to this problem. We also prove the local uniqueness for the normalized solutions we construct.
Investigation of the sheared flows and staircases with a full-wave 2D synthetic diagnostic FeDoT
Authors: Glasser A , Clairet F , Hacquin S , Dif-Pradalier G 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Poloidal flows and avalanches play a key role in tokamak plasma self-organization by suppressing turbulence in sheared flow regions, contributing to the formation of weak transport barriers. These structures, predicted by GYSELA simulations and indirectly observed in the Tore Supra tokamak, are challenging to detect due to their millimeter-scale size. This study uses the ultra-fast-swept reflectometer (UFSR), capable of high spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, to analyze turbulence characteristics, including flow-induced spectral asymmetries.The synthetic diagnostic FeDoT, developed for UFSR data interpretation, enables the study of these structures using 2D wave propagation simulations and advanced signal processing routines. FeDoT simulations demonstrate that the coherence length, derived from reflectometer signals, closely aligns with the radial structure of the radial electric field and can be used to detect staircases. Furthermore, spectral asymmetry, indicative of flow direction and sheared flows, is quantified using a novel spectral chirality metric. These findings validate the use of reflectometry for detecting flows and transport barriers, providing insights into the interplay between turbulence and transport.
Diode-pumped continuous-wave quasi-three-level Nd:YLF laser operating below 900 nm
Authors: Wang Shuang , Li Changli 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We report a diode-pumped continuous-wave quasi-three-level Nd:YLF laser operating below 900 nm. The effective gain of the quasi-three-level Nd:YLF laser were calculated. By rotating the intracavity Lyot filter (LF), three laser wavelengths at 873 nm, 880 nm and 885 nm were realized in σ-polarization, respectively. At an absorbed pump power of 16.6 W, the output powers obtained at 873 nm, 880 nm and 885 nm were 734 mW, 956 mW and 327 mW, respectively. The corresponding slope efficiencies with respect to the absorbed pump power were 5.9%, 7.3% and 3.8%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first quasi-three-level Nd:YLF laser operating at the wavelength below 900 nm. The paper demonstrates the potential of Nd-doped solid-state lasers for applications in the blue range by frequency-doubled technology, in replacement of gas lasers such as helium-cadmium lasers.
Assessing Arctic marginal ice zone dynamics from 1979 to 2023: insights into long-term variability and morphological changes
Authors: Song Lijuan , Zhao Xi , Wu Yifan , Gong Jiaxing , Li Bo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Against the backdrop of global climate change, the continued decline in Arctic sea ice extent and thickness has intensified the dynamic evolution of the marginal ice zone (MIZ). As a critical transitional region between the open ocean and pack ice, the MIZ plays a pivotal role in mediating ocean-atmosphere interactions, influencing sea ice dynamics, and supporting polar ecosystems. This study investigates the dynamic variability and morphological evolution of the Arctic MIZ from 1979 to 2023 using the Bootstrap sea ice concentration (SIC) product. Results reveal that while the overall MIZ extent has remained relatively stable over the long term, the MIZ fraction (i.e. the ratio of MIZ extent to Arctic sea ice extent) has increased significantly, as the total sea ice extent has decreased over time. The seasonal cycle is pronounced, with minimum extents observed in March or April and maximum extents in August or September. From June to September, the SIC values within the MIZ showed a significant downward trend in spatial distribution, indicating that the SIC in this region generally decreased during summer. Furthermore, the MIZ has experienced a northward shift over the past four decades, with an accelerated rate of migration post-2000. This shift is accompanied by morphological changes, characterized by a smoother ice edge and more compact ice during late summer. A significant change point was detected in 2006, signaling a structural shift in MIZ dynamics. Post-2006, the frequency of MIZ occurrence increased in high-latitude regions, particularly across the Beaufort, Chukchi, East Siberian, and Laptev Seas. These findings provide critical insights into Arctic sea ice dynamics, highlighting the evolving nature of the MIZ and its role in shaping the future Arctic ice regime under continued climate change.
On random classical marginal problems with applications to quantum information theory
Authors: Jha Ankit Kumar , Nechita Ion 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we study random instances of the classical marginal problem. We encode the problem in a graph, where the vertices have assigned fixed binary probability distributions, and edges have assigned random bivariate distributions having the incident vertex distributions as marginals. We provide estimates on the probability that a joint distribution on the graph exists, having the bivariate edge distributions as marginals. Our study is motivated by Fine’s theorem in quantum mechanics. We study in great detail the graphs corresponding to CHSH and Bell–Wigner scenarios providing rations of volumes between the local and non-signaling polytopes.
Finiteness and uniqueness of duality cascades in three dimensions for affine quivers
Authors: Moriyama Sanefumi , Otozawa Kichinosuke 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For three-dimensional circular-quiver supersymmetric Chern–Simons theories, the questions, whether duality cascades always terminate and whether the endpoint is unique, were rephrased into the question whether a polytope defined in the parameter space of relative ranks for duality cascades is a parallelotope, filling the space by discrete translations. By regarding circular quivers as affine Dynkin diagrams, we generalize the arguments into other affine quivers. We find that, after rewriting properties into the group-theoretical language, most arguments work in the generalizations. Especially, we find that, instead of the original relation to parallelotopes, the corresponding polytope still fills the parameter space but with some gaps. This indicates that, under certain restrictions, duality cascades still terminate uniquely.
The cell biology and genome of Stentor pyriformis, a giant cell that embeds symbiotic algae in a microtubule meshwork
Authors: Boudreau Vincent , Albright Ashley R. , Larson Ben T. , Gerbich Therese M. , Fadero Tanner , Yan Victoria , Lucas-DeMott Aviva , Yung Jay , Moulin Solène L.Y. , Descovich Carlos Patiño , Slabodnick Mark M , Burlacot Adrien , Wang Jeremy R. , Niyogi Krishna K , Marshall Wallace F. 
Published: February 2025

Endosymbiotic events in which an endosymbiont is retained within a cell that remains capable of phagocytosis, a situation known as mixotrophy, provide potentially important clues about the eukaryotic evolution. Here we describe the cell biology and genome of the giant mixotrophic ciliate Stentor pyriformis. We show that S. pyriformis contains Chlorella variabilis as an endosymbiont that retains the ability to live outside the host. Within the host, the Chlorella cells surrounded by microtubule “baskets” near the cell surface. Photosynthetic efficiency of the Chlorella is reduced inside the Stentor cell compared to outside the host, due to increased non-photochemical quenching. S. pyriformis displays positive phototaxis via directed swimming that requires the presence of the Chlorella, implying a potential flow of information from the symbiont to direct the orientation and swimming of the host cell. We sequenced the S. pyriformis genome and found that it employs a standard genetic code, similar to other Stentor species but different from most other ciliates. We propose that S. pyriformis will serve as a useful model system for studying endosymbiosis, with unique advantages in terms of size and regenerative ability as well as distinct cellular and genomic features compared with other mixotrophic ciliate models. [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text]
The Hermeneutics of Distraction in Early Medieval England
Authors: Weaver Erica 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Distraction is now too easily and often considered a metonym for modern consciousness, but it was also a medieval concern, which posed a particular threat to religious life. Distraction opened the door to all other temptations, and—most disturbingly of all—it invalidated central devotional acts such as reading, praying, and reciting the Psalms. Far from an innocuous sensation, distraction posed a significant spiritual danger. It also generated powerful countervailing responses in literature, pedagogy, and religious observance, profoundly shaping literary interpretation in the process. The Hermeneutics of Distraction writes this cultural and intellectual history. In doing so, the book reveals that the pervasive threat of distraction precipitated the development of several different tactics for reorienting attention, especially in the tenth-century monastic correction movement traditionally known as the Benedictine Reform, which reshaped monastic life across Europe. In England, this movement was spearheaded by Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester. By examining the substantial literary output of Æthelwold and his circle as a unified corpus, The Hermeneutics of Distraction shows that these reformers developed a demanding hermeneutic style in both English and Latin in order to fend off complacency and recall wandering minds. The book thus comes at the topic of distraction through the study of the affective practices of a particular community of writers and readers, but it also explores the implications of this focused study both for a larger historical context (Western monasticism from the fifth century to the twelfth) and for the history of a unifying concept (the experience of distraction).
Coda
Authors: Weaver Erica 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
My chapters arc from the problem of distraction to its uses, and a closing coda turns from distraction to its obverse, asking what happens when your strategies for cultivating attention themselves become rote, or when difficult styles themselves prove distracting? What new forms of devotional life take shape? This final, brief meditation pushes the book past the usual divide of the Norman Conquest in order to examine the rapid cooling of interest in the hermeneutic style and the rise of new alternatives to Benedictine monasticism in the twelfth century, sketching objections to ostentation and the turn away from difficult aesthetics in thinkers such as William of Malmesbury. As William demonstrates, looking back, there is a continual need to reinvent your modes of attention-seeking and thereby of reading and writing writ large, while texts such as Bernard of Clairvaux’s Apologia, Ancrene Wisse, and Margery Kempe’s Booke testify to ongoing challenges with distraction in medieval devotional life.
Associations on the Fly, a new feature aiming to facilitate exploration of the Open Targets Platform evidence
Authors: Cruz-Castillo C , Fumis L , Mehta C , Martinez-Osorio R E , Roldan-Romero J M , Cornu H , Uniyal P , Solano-Roman A , Carmona M , Ochoa D , McDonagh E M , Buniello A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Motivation
The Open Targets Platform (https://platform.opentargets.org) is a unique, comprehensive, open-source resource supporting systematic identification and prioritisation of targets for drug discovery. The Platform combines, harmonises and integrates data from &gt;20 diverse sources to provide target-disease associations, covering evidence derived from genetic associations, somatic mutations, known drugs, differential expression, animal models, pathways and systems biology. An in-house target identification scoring framework weighs the evidence from each data source and type, contributing to an overall score for each of the 7.8M target-disease associations. However, the old infrastructure did not allow user-led dynamic adjustments in the contribution of different evidence types for target prioritisation, a limitation frequently raised by our user community. Furthermore, the previous Platform user interface did not support navigation and exploration of the underlying target-disease evidence on the same page, occasionally making the user journey counterintuitive.

Results
Here, we describe “Associations on the Fly” (AOTF), a new Platform feature—developed with a user-centred vision—that enables the user to formulate more flexible therapeutic hypotheses through dynamic adjustment of the weight of contributing evidence from each source, altering the prioritisation of targets.

Availability and Implementation
The codebases that power the Platform—including our pipelines, GraphQL API, and React UI—are all open source and licensed under the APACHE LICENSE, VERSION 2.0.
You can find all of our code repositories on GitHub at https://github.com/opentargets and on Zenodo at https://zenodo.org/records/14392214.
This tool was implemented using React v18 and its code is accessible here: [https://github.com/opentargets/ot-ui-apps].
The tools are accessible through the Open Targets Platform web interface [https://platform.opentargets.org/] and GraphQL API (https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/data-access/graphql-api).
Data is available for download here: [https://platform.opentargets.org/downloads] and from the EMBL-EBI FTP: [https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/opentargets/platform/].

Contact
Annalisa Buniello, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL-EBI), buniello@ebi.ac.uk

Supplementary information
Features walkthrough video: https://youtu.be/2A9bksboAag, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQwQn6I4jkw
Extensive documentation: https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/web-interface/associations-on-the-fly https://platform-docs.opentargets.org/target-prioritisation.
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: multifaceted regulators of ovarian activity
Authors: Bezdíček Jiří , Sekaninová Jana , Janků Martina , Makarevič Alexander , Luhová Lenka , Dujíčková Linda , Petřivalský Marek 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are essential components of diverse intracellular signalling pathways. In addition to their involvement in apoptosis, RONS are crucial in the regulation of multiple developmental and physiological processes. This review aims to summarise their role in the regulation of key ovarian stages: ovulation, maturation and postovulatory ageing of the oocyte, and the formation and regression of the corpus luteum. At the cellular level, a mild increase in RONS is associated with the initiation of a number of regulatory mechanisms, which might be suppressed by increased activity of the antioxidant system. Moreover, a mild increase in RONS has been linked to the control of mitochondrial biogenesis and abundance in response to increased cellular energy demands. Thus, RONS should also be perceived in terms of their positive role in cellular signalling. On the other hand, an uncontrolled increase in ROS production or strong-down regulation of the antioxidant system results in oxidative stress and damage of cellular components associated with ovarian pathologies and ageing. Similarly, the disturbance of signalling functions of RNS caused by dysregulation of NO production by NO synthases in ovarian tissues interferes with the proper regulation of physiological processes in the ovary.
Machine learning scoring reveals increased frequency of falls proximal to death in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Mattins Faerie , Nagrath Shriya , Fan Yijie , Manea Tomás Kevin Delgado , Das Shoham , Shankar Aditi , Tower John 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Falls are a significant cause of human disability and death. Risk factors include normal aging, neurodegenerative disease, and sarcopenia. Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model for study of normal aging and for modeling human neurodegenerative disease. Aging-associated defects in Drosophila climbing ability have been observed to be associated with falls, and immobility due to a fall is implicated as one cause of death in old flies. An automated method for quantifying Drosophila falls might facilitate the study of causative factors and possible interventions. Here, machine learning methods were developed to identify Drosophila falls in video recordings of 2D movement trajectories. The study employed existing video of aged flies as they approached death, and young flies subjected to lethal dehydration/starvation stress. Approximately 9,000 frames of video were manually annotated using open-source tools and used as the training set for You Only Look Once (YOLOv4) software. The software was tested on specific hours within a 22 hour video that was originally manually-annotated for number of falls per hour and corresponding timestamps. The model predictions were evaluated against the manually-annotated ground truth, revealing a strong correlation between the predicted and actual falls. The frequency of falls per hour increased dramatically 2-4 hours prior to death caused by dehydration/starvation stress, whereas extended periods of increased falls were observed in aged flies prior to death. This automated method effectively quantifies falls in video data without observer bias, providing a robust tool for future studies aimed at understanding causative factors and testing potential interventions.
Temporal dynamics and tissue-specific variations of the blueberry phyllosphere mycobiome
Authors: Szymanski Shay Lychen , Miles Timothy David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) is an economically important fruit-bearing woody perennial. Despite the importance of microbial communities to plant health, the above-ground (phyllosphere) microbiome of blueberry is understudied. The phyllosphere is exposed to varying conditions throughout a growing season. The fruit undergoes extensive physiological change across a season from bud to fruit. This study aimed to provide a temporal characterization of the blueberry phyllosphere across a growing season and a characterization of specific tissues and phenological stages. Blueberry branches were harvested every other week across two years and two locations during the development process of the blueberry fruits. The internal transcribed spacer regions were amplified from DNA extracts and sequenced to perform amplicon-based characterization of the fungal microbiome across time and plant tissue. Fungal communities showed changes in α-diversity depending on the week of harvest and tissue type. Early in the season, α-diversity was high, but it decreased in midseason when flowers developed into fruit. Later in the season, as the fruit ripened, α-diversity increased again. The β-diversity of the community changed across time and tissue types during plant development. Notable members of the identified core microbiome were members of the genus Alternaria, Peltaster, and Taphrina, as well as the pathogenic taxa Aureobasidium pullulans and Botrytis cinerea. This research provides background for future experimentation of understanding the microbial composition in the blueberry phyllosphere in relation to the infection court of pathogens (e.g., Colletotrichum fioriniae and Botrytis cinerea) and the temporal components of blueberry plant health and management.
Shaping the future of bananas: advancing genetic trait regulation and breeding in the post-genomics era
Authors: Miao Hongxia , Zhang Jianbin , Zheng Yunke , Jia Caihong , Hu Yulin , Wang Jingyi , Zhang Jing , Sun Peiguang , Jin Zhiqiang , Zhou Yongfeng , Zheng Sijun , Wang Wei , Rouard Mathieu , Xie Jianghui , Liu Juhua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
(Musa spp.) are among the top-produced food crops, serving as a primary source of food for millions of people. Cultivated bananas originated primarily from the wild diploid species Musa acuminata (A genome) and Musa balbisiana (B genome) through intra- and inter-specific hybridization and selections via somatic variation. Following the publication of complete A- and B-genome sequences, prospects for complementary studies on S- and T-genome traits, key gene identification for yield, ripening, quality, and stress resistance, and advances in molecular breeding have significantly expanded. In this review, latest research progress on banana A, B, S, and T genomes is briefly summarized, highlighting key advances in banana cytoplasmic inheritance, flower and fruit development, sterility, and parthenocarpy, postharvest ripening and quality regulation, and biotic and abiotic stress resistance associated with desirable economic traits. We provide updates on transgenic, gene editing, and molecular breeding. We also explore future directions for banana breeding and genetic improvement.