bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Electrical Performance of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene‐Covered Defibrillator Leads in Comparison to Traditional Leads
Authors: KOPLAN BRUCE A. , WEINER STAN , GILLIGAN DAVID , THACKERAY LISA , MERKEL STACIA , CHASE BERG KELLIE ,   for the REFLEx Study Investigators
Published: August 2010

Background: In the event of infection, erosion, or failure, fibrosis of a defibrillation lead can make extraction difficult. In the ENDOTAK RELIANCE G defibrillation lead, coils are covered with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) to prevent tissue ingrowth.
Objective: The objective of the REFLEx Study was to evaluate if RELIANCE G defibrillation leads with ePTFE‐covered coils are as good as comparative defibrillation leads with respect to electrical performance and termination of spontaneous tachyarrhythmias.
Methods: Patients were randomized to type of defibrillation lead—Guidant RELIANCE G lead or a non‐ePTFE‐covered lead of choice. Electrical performance success was defined as meeting all minimum standards in the respective manufacturer's manual for amplitude, threshold, and impedance. A noninferiority margin of 5% was prespecified.
Results: Electrical performance success at 12 months was 93.0% (280/301) for RELIANCE G and 94.5% (291/308) for comparative leads. The performance success rate for RELIANCE G did not differ significantly from study comparative (P = 0.04, noninferiority). For spontaneous episodes, first shock conversion success rate was 90% for RELIANCE G and 95% for study comparative (P = 0.89, noninferiority). Implant conversion testing was successful in 96.7% (524/542) of RELIANCE G patients and 94.3% (512/543) of comparative patients (chi‐square P‐value = 0.0784). About 55% (609/1115) of patients completed follow‐up through month 12.
Conclusion: Data from the REFLEx study indicate that ePTFE‐covered leads are not inferior to comparative leads with respect to electrical performance and implant conversion testing. We cannot conclude that the first shock conversion efficacy of ePTFE covered leads was statistically noninferior to comparative leads.
Characteristics in Image Integration System Guiding Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation with a Common Ostium of Inferior Pulmonary Veins
Authors: YU RONGHUI , DONG JIANZENG , ZHANG ZHAOQI , LIU XINGPENG , KANG JUNPING , LONG DEYONG , FANG DONGPING , TANG RIBO , GUO XI , HU FULI , MA CHANGSHENG 
Published: August 2010

Background: Common ostium of the inferior pulmonary veins (PVs) is a kind of unusual variation in pulmonary venous drainage to the left atrium (LA), whose feature of anatomy, electrophysiology, and catheter ablation is rarely demonstrated, and the consecutive series of research for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with that anomaly have not been reported.
Methods: A total of 1,226 patients with drug‐refractory AF received magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scan before ablation. Electrophysiological mapping was used to detect the focal triggers in paroxysmal AF. Basic catheter ablation strategy was circumferential PV isolation with “tricircle” under the guidance of image integration system: two circles surround two superior PVs, and the other surround the common trunk.
Results: LA and PVs reconstruction by image integration system showed a common pulmonary venous ostium of the right and left inferior PVs before ablation in 11 patients (0.9%). This anomaly could be classified into two types: type A without a short common trunk of inferior PVs and type B with a short common trunk. Fifty‐seven percent paroxysmal AF was revealed focal triggers in the common ostium. The success rate of that strategy was 90%.
Conclusion: Common ostium of inferior PVs could be classified into two types according to the presence of a short common trunk or not. The common ostium was usually an important triggering focus in paroxysmal AF. Catheter ablation strategy of circumferential PV isolation with “tricircle” under the guidance of image integration system would be a good choice.
Electrocardiographic and Electrophysiologic Predictors of Successful Ablation Site in Patients with Manifest Posteroseptal Accessory Pathway
Authors: HAGHJOO MAJID , MAHMOODI EBRAHIM , FARJAM FAZELIFAR AMIR , ALIZADEH ABOLFATH , JAFAR HASHEMI MOHAMMAD , EMKANJOO ZAHRA , ALI SADR‐AMELI MOHAMMAD 
Published: August 2010

Background: Prediction of accessory pathway (AP) location before radiofrequency ablation has become increasingly important for patients with AP; this is especially true for posteroseptal (PS) APs.
Objective: To identify electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic predictors of pathway location in patients with manifest posteroseptal AP.
Methods: A detailed electrocardiographic analysis, electrophysiologic study, and ablation were performed in 94 patients with single manifest posteroseptal AP (mean age 35.0 ± 13.8 years; 56 males).
Results: Localization was right PS in 68 patients, left PS in 19 patients, and coronary sinus and its branches in seven patients. Common to all the patients with posteroseptal AP was a negative delta in at least two inferior leads. The most sensitive and specific parameter for differentiating left posteroseptal APs from right posteroseptal APs was an R/S ratio ≥1.0 in lead V1 (sensitivity 100% and specificity 100%). The R‐wave amplitude in lead I (sensitivity 54%, specificity 67%), and delta ventricularatrial interval (sensitivity 75%, specificity 87%) had much lesser sensitivity and specificity in this regard. The epicardial posteroseptal APs were discriminated from endocardial variant by the positive delta in aVR (sensitivity 71% and specificity 99%) and negative delta in II (sensitivity 100% and specificity 20%). Delta wave polarity in V1 was not helpful for differentiating right‐sided from left‐sided posteroseptal APs.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that in patients with posteroseptal AP, successful ablation site could be predicted to be on the right or left endocardial surface using R/S ratio in lead V1. Necessity for Coronary sinus catheterization and angiography is predictable using delta wave polarities in leads aVR and II.
Prediction of Arrhythmic Events after Myocardial Infarction Based on Signal‐Averaged Electrocardiogram and Ejection Fraction
Authors: SCHOENENBERGER ANDREAS W. , ERNE PAUL , AMMANN STEPHAN , GILLMANN GERHARD , KOBZA RICHARD , STUCK ANDREAS E. 
Published: August 2010

Background:

Trials on implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICD) for patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have highlighted the need for risk assessment of arrhythmic events (AE). The aim of this study was to evaluate risk predictors based on a novel approach of interpreting signal‐averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) and ejection fraction (EF).
Methods:

SAECG, interpreted with a new index, and EF were prospectively evaluated to predict AE in 144 patients with AMI.
Results:

During the mean follow‐up period of 4.1 years, 19 AE occurred. The new SAECG index showed a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 62%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 25%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 96%. A combination of a normal new SAECG index and an EF >35% resulted in a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 47%, a PPV of 22%, and a NPV of 100%; this corresponded to an AE incidence rate of 0%. When both tests were abnormal, the AE incidence rate was 21.3%.
Conclusions:

This is the first contemporary study reporting predictive values based on a combination of SAECG and EF. If confirmed in an appropriately designed and powered trial, this novel approach might be used to identify both patients at very low risk for AE not requiring further risk assessment and patients at high risk in whom ICD implantation can be considered without further risk assessment.
Performance of the Lumenless 4.1‐Fr Diameter Pacing Lead Implanted at Alternative Pacing Sites in Congenital Heart: A Chronic 5‐Year Comparison
Authors: KHAN ASRA , ZELIN KATHLEEN , KARPAWICH PETER P. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose: United States approval of the Model 3830, 4.1‐French (Fr) diameter, lumenless, pacing lead (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) in patients under 17 years of age, and those with congenital heart disease (CHD), was in 2005. To date, long‐term performance at alternative pacing sites (APS) is limited and chronic efficacy comparisons with more established leads is lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate these factors.
Methods: Implant and follow‐up data on leads were compared: group 1 (non‐3830 leads) and group 2 (Model 3830 leads). These included acute and chronic sensing and pacing, impedances, implant sites, and complications. Groups were compared using Fischer's exact test, paired, and nonpaired t‐tests, with significance defined at P < 0.05.
Results: A total of 119 patients (ages 5–48 years) received 171 leads: group 1 (n = 80) and group 2 (n = 91). At implant, there were no differences in patient age, CHD, sensing, or pacing thresholds between groups. Implant lead impedances differed between groups but all were within normal values for each lead design. Chronic data showed no difference in sensing, pacing thresholds, or impedances. There were five (6%) early lead dislodgements in group 1 and one (1%) in group 2. APS were achieved in group 2 with mean 1.6 ± 1.3 minutes fluoroscopy time.
Conclusion: The new 4.1‐Fr lumenless lead shows similar performance indices to established leads even at APS, yet is thinner and achieves APS with technical ease, permitting more efficient chronic pacing in children and all patients with CHD. (PACE 2010; 33:1467–1474)
Cytokinesis of Thuricola folliculata (Ciliophora, Peritrichida)1
Authors: EPERON SIMONE 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThuricola folliculata is a sessiline, loricate peritrich ciliate. Its somatic pellicle consists of annular transverse crests and includes the plasma membrane, the alveolus, the electron‐dense epiplasm, and the subepiplasmic layer. Cytokinesis occurs along anoral‐aboral median plane where two fissures develop, one at the oral and one at the aboral end of the peritrich. Each fissure results from simultaneous formation of two furrows on opposite sides of the cell. At the end of cytokinesis, both trophozoites remain joinedto each other by an intercellular bridge. During cytokinesis, microfilament bundles appear at the level of the subepiplasmic layer in the fission plane; they are distributed in two arcs, one oral and one aboral, and may be responsible for the formation of the four furrows.The cross‐sectioned microfilament arc is 1 pm wide and about 0.1‐0.2 pm thick at first and later can be more than 1 pm in diameter; it shows many microfilaments, 3‐10 nm in diameter and oriented parallel to the fission plane, and also many dense corpuscles 25‐55nm in diameter. Then both arcs join each other to form a microfilament ring. This ring is delimited by discontinuous dense borders and a boundary layer. The microfilament ring seems structurally analogous to the contractile ring of various dividing cells, where itworks like a sphincter. The dense corpuscles, the discontinuous dense borders, and the boundary layer of T. folliculata have not been reported in any other ciliates.
Metabolism of Threonine, Methionine, and Related Compounds in Mixed Rumen Ciliate Protozoa1
Authors: Onodera Ryoji , Migita Ryoichi 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTMetabolic pathways of L‐threonine and L‐methionine in starved, bacteria‐free, mixed rumen ciliate protozoa were examined. Rumen ciliates produced 2‐oxobutanoate (2OB) from both L‐threonine and L‐methionine; 2OB was then converted to 2‐aminobutanoate (2AB) and propionate. The 2AB appeared to be converted slowly to propionate. D‐Threonine seemed to be hardly metabolized.
The Contractile Vacuole of Amoeba proteus. III. Vacuolar Response to Phagocytosis1
Authors: Couillard P. , Forget J. , Pothier F. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe reaction of the contractile vacuole of Amoeba proteus to single and multiple phagocytosis under controlled conditions has been studied. Fluid intake into the cytoplasm from the phagosomes induces secretion by the contractile vacuole of equivalent excess volumes:. Vacuolar response is rapid (200 sec) and may be initiated by increases of protoplasmic hydration of as little as 1%. Cytoplasmic uptake of fluid from the phagosome can occur against an osmotic gradient; thus some form of active transport is implied.
Chemotaxis by Entamoeba histolytica1
Authors: Bailey Gordon B. , Leitch Gordon J. , Day Diane B. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTA micropore membrane procedure to assay taxis by Entamoeba histolytica is described and the results of studies of responses to a variety of soluble substances, bacteria, an rat colon washings using this procedure are reported. Trophozoites migrated in blind well chambers through 8‐m̈m pore size polycarbonate membranes but not nitrocellulose membranes up to 12 m̈m pore size. Amoebae were attracted toward fresh axenic culture medium (TYI‐S), an enzymatic hydrolysate of casein (Trypticase), and a partially purified preparation of N‐acetylneuraminic acid from egg mucin, but not purified N‐acetylneuraminateora variety of other low molecular weight metabolites. The response was verified as chemotaxis by checkerboard analysis. Amoebae migrated most dramatically toward suspensions of all of seven bacterial species tested, including motile and non‐motile, gram‐negative and gram‐positive rods and cocci. This response was diminished when the bacteria concentration gradient was eliminated. The response to bacteria culture filtrates was less than 10% of that to bacterial suspensions. A response to clarified washings from the rat colon was detected; this was diminished but not eliminated by filter sterilization of the washings. We concluded that some soluble molecules, possibly of intermediate molecular size, whole bacteria, and both soluble and paniculate components of the rat colon provide tactic stimuli for E. histolytica. Scanning electron micrographs of trophozoites migrating towards attractants through membranes showed narrow', extended pseudopodia entering the membrane pores, and enlarging spheres exiting as the cells proceeded through.
Genetic Encodement of Acanthamoeba Lactic Dehydrogenase
Authors: Ward Adrian P. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTElectrophoretic separation of the water‐soluble proteins from seven Acanthamoeba strains, followed by lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) visualization by the zymogram method, has indicated a single LDH activity in each extract. To account for this observation, three alternatives are considered: inadequate electrophoretic resolution, two gene‐encodement of LDH with constraints relating to subunit assembly or oligomer stability, and one gene‐LDH encodement.
Erhardorina n. g., Ascogregarina polynesiensis n. sp., Eimeria golemanskii n. sp., Isospora tamariscini n. sp., Gregarina kazumii n. nom., New Combinations and Emendations in the Names of Apicomplexan Protozoa1
Authors: Levine Norman D. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTOn the basis of a review of the approximately 4300 species of apicomplexan protozoa, the following new species, new names, new combinations, and emendations are given: NEW GENUS,Erhardovina; NEW SPECIES,Ascogregarina polynesiensis, Eimeria golemanskii, Isospora tamariscini; NEW NAME,Gregarina kazumii; NEW COMBINATIONS,Ascogregarina brachyceri (Purrini, 1980),Erhardovina euzeti (Lipa, 1981),E. scutovertexi (Erhardová, 1955),Haemorhormidium batrachi (Chaudhuri & Choudhury, 1983); EMENDATIONS,Selenidium francianum(Arvy, 1952) Tuzet & Ormières, 1965,Pyxinioides bolitoides D. P. Henry, 1938,P. japonicus H. Hoshide, 1951,P. kamenote H. Hoshide, 1951,P. kurofuji H. Hoshide, 1951,P. oshoroensis H. Hoshide, 1951,P. pugetensis D. P. Henry, 1938, Gregarina levinei Haldar & Sarkar, 1980,Retractocephalus halticae Haldar, Chakraborty & Kundu, 1982,Cnemidospora schizophylli Tuzet & Guerin, 1947,Grebneckiella indica (Merton, 1911) Watson, 1916,Quadruspinospora atractomorphae Haldar & Chakraborty, 1978,Haemogregarina acipenseri Nawrotzky, 1914,H. lobianci Yakimov & Kohl‐Yakimov, 1912,H. yakimovikohlae Wladimiroff, 1910,Hepatozoon luehi (Sambon, 1909) Pessoa, Cavalheiro & de Souza, 1970,Eimeria beyerae Ovezmukhammedov, 1977, E. (?) gigantea (Labbé, 1896) Reichenow, 1921, E. (?) labbei Hardcastle, 1943, E. rufi Prasad, 1960, E. (?) scylii (Drago, 1902) Levine & Becker, 1933, Isospora corvi Ray, Shivnani, Oommen & Bhaskaran, 1952,I. melopsittaci Bhatia, Chauhan, Arora & Agrawal, 1973, I. seicerci Ray, Shivnani, Oommen & Bhaskaran, 1952,I. stomatici Chakravarty & Kar, 1944,I. triffitae Nukerbaeva & Svanbaev, 1973,Wenyonella mackinnonae Misra, 1947,Octosporetla sanguinolentae Ovezmukhammedov, 1975,Lankesterella millani Alvarez Calvo, 1975,Sarcocystis woodhousei Dogel', 1916,Haemoproteus lari Yakunin, 1972, Babesia ninakohlyakimovae (Yakimoff & Shokhor, 1916),Theileria ninakohlyakimovae (Yakimov, 1916) Krylov, 1974,Haemohormidium batrachi(Chaudhuri & Choudhury, 1983).
Studies on Trypanosomatid Actin I. Immunochemical and Biochemical Identification
Authors: MORTARA RENATO A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTIn this study, the presence of actin in cultured trypanosomatids was investigated using polyclonal antibodies to heterologous actin. Polyclonal antisera to rabbit muscle actin and a monospecific anti‐actin antibody react with a 43‐kDa polypeptide in extracts of Trypanosoma cruzi, Herpetomonas samuelpessoai and Leishmania mexicana amazonensis on protein immunoblots. The 43‐kDa polypeptide co‐migrates with skeletal muscle actin and is retained within trypanosomatid cytoskeletons. Attempts to isolate H. samuelpessoai actin through DNase I affinity chromatography showed that the 43‐kDa polypeptide did not bind to the column. Instead, low yields of a 47‐kDa polypeptide were obtained indicating that the trypanosomatid actin displays unusual DNase I binding behavior when compared to actins from higher eukaryotes. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed that cytoskeletons retain the actin‐like protein. In H. samuelpessoai, actin is localized in the region close to the flagellum, whereas in T. cruzi it is more homogeneously distributed. The data presented here show that trypanosomatid actin displays biochemical characteristics similar to actins of other protozoa.
Some Eugregarines (Sporozoa, Apicomplexa) from the Stored Fruit Beetle, Oryzaephilus mercator Fauv. (Coleoptera) from India
Authors: ROY KABITA 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTMorphology and life history of 3 cephaline gregarines found in the gut of the pest of stored fruit, Oryzaephilus mercator. are described. Of these 3, 2 are new species. The 3 species are (1) Hirmocystis minuta (Ishii, 1914) (LP TL = 1:7 – 1:22, WP/WD = 1:1, 6–1:7); (2) Amsotobus indicus n. sp. (LP/TL = 1:3–1:6, WP/WD = 1:1 – 1:1.3); (3) Leidyana oryzaephili n. sp. (LP/TL = 1:2 – 1:12; WP/WD = 1:1–1:1.6).
Synchronization of Mating Reactivity Rhythms in Populations of Paramecium bursaria
Authors: MIWA I. , KANAZAWA Y. , ISHIKAWA K. , HIROSE M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTCell populations of Paramecium bursaria show arhythmic mating reactivity after exposure to constant light (LL) for more than 2 wk. After this arhythmic population is exposed to darkness for 9 h, the mating reactivity rhythm of the cell population reappears. The phases of rhythms in individual cells are synchronized to each other. When the arhythmic population in constant light is exposed to dark pulses of various durations, the first peak of the recovered mating reactivity rhythm appears 6 h after the end of the dark pulse. Thus, in the case of dark pulses to cells in LL, the transition from dark to light sets the phase of the subsequent mating reactivity rhythm. When an arhythmic population in LL is transferred to constant darkness (DD), a rhythm of mating reactivity also appears and, in this case, the first peak of the rhythm occurs 18 h after the LL to DD transition. Therefore, arhythmic populations of cells in LL can be synchronized by either a dark pulse or by transition to continuous darkness. When the arhythmic populations in LL were transferred to various light/dark (LD) cycles, the mating reactivity rhythms entrained to LD cycles of 18 to 30 h in duration. Finally, mating rhythms can also be synchronized by treatment with puromycin (400 μg/ml for 6–18 h).
Analysis of a Surface Antigen of Pneumocystis carinii
Authors: LINKE MICHAEL J. , WALZER PETER D. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe 115 kd band in polyacrylamide gels is a major antigen of Pneumocystis carinii. Data obtained from treatment with enyzmes, binding to lectins, and labelling the surface with biotin suggest that this moiety is a glycoprotein containing mannosyl/glucosyl and N‐acetylglucosamine residues, and that it is located on the cell wall of the organism. Other rat and human P. carinii antigens also are glycoproteins but differ in specific protein or carbohydrate residues or location on the organism.
Glutathione in Tetrahymena thermophila
Authors: WAGNER BEATE 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTIn Tetrahymena, glutathione is synthesized from the same precursors as it is in higher animals and is present in similar intracellular concentrations. The intracellular thiol‐disulfide ratio is also identical to that of mammalian tissues, due to the activity of glutathione reductase. The intracellular GSH‐level was found to be dependent on the sulfur‐containing amino acids in the chemically defined medium.
Description of the Infraciliature and Morphogenesis in the Ciliate Urotricha ondina N. Sp. (Prorodontida, Urotrichidae)
Authors: MUÑOZ A. , TÉLLEZ C. , FERNÁNDEZ‐GALIANO D. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTRecent works on prostomatid ciliates show that some genera of this group have a differentiated oral infraciliature and that their stomatogenesis during division involves the proliferation of only a few somatic kineties. These findings have significant implications regarding the iaxonomic status of these genera and also on the terminology used for the oral structures. In Urotricha ondina, the oral infraciliature consists of (1) a paroral kinety formed of paired kinetosomes that encircle the cytostome at the anterior pole of the cell and (2) 3 adoral organelles, each formed of 2 rows of kinetosomes, ventral in position and obliquely disposed, lying above 3 short somatic kineties that do not reach the anterior pole of the cell. This oral ciliature —formerly known as the corona and brosse, respectively—originate during stomatogenesis from the proliferation of 4 somatic kineties that lie posterior to the adoral organelles of the parental cell.