bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stem cell secretome restore the adipo‐osteo differentiation imbalance in diabetic dental pulp‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Sanap Avinash , Joshi Kalpana , Kheur Supriya , Bhonde Ramesh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals exhibit increased adipogenesis and decreased osteogenesis. We investigated the potential of adipose tissue‐derived MSCs (ADMSCs) secretome obtained from healthy individuals in restoring the tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) mediated imbalance in the adipo/osteogenic differentiation in the dental pulp‐derived MSCs obtained from T2DM individuals (dDPMSCs).MethodsdDPMSCs were differentiated into adipocytes and osteocytes using a standard cocktail in the presence of (a) induction cocktail, (b) induction cocktail + TNF‐α, and (c) induction cocktail+ TNF‐α + ADMSCs‐secretome (50%) for 15 and 21 days resp. Differentiated adipocytes and osteocytes were stained by oil red O and alizarin red and analyzed by using ImageJ software. Molecular expression of the key genes involved was analyzed by using reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).ResultsTreatment of TNF‐α augmented the adipogenesis (9571 ± 765 vs. 19,815 ± 1585 pixel, p < 0.01) and decreased the osteogenesis (15,603 ± 1248 vs. 11,894 ± 951 pixel, p < 0.05) of dDPMSCs as evidenced by the oil red O and alizarin red staining respectively. Interestingly, dDPMSCs differentiated along with TNF‐α and 50% ADMSCs secretome exhibited enhanced osteogenesis (11,894 ± 951 vs. 41,808 ± 3344 pixel, p < 0.01) and decreased adipogenesis (19,815 ± 1585 vs. 4480 ± 358 pixel, p < 0.01). Additionally, dDPMSCs differentiated along with ADMSCs secretome exhibited decreased expression of PPARg (p < 0.01), C/EBPa (p < 0.05), and FAS (p < 0.01) whereas mRNA expression of Runx2 (p < 0.05), Osterix (p < 0.01), and OCN (p < 0.05) was upregulated as revealed by the RT‐PCR analysis.ConclusionADMSCs secretome from healthy individuals restore the TNF‐α influenced differentiation fate of dDPMSCs and therefore can be explored for T2DM clinical management in the future.
Enhancing Control Over Nitric Oxide Photorelease via a Molecular Keypad Lock
Authors: Elbeheiry Hani M. , Schulz Martin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBased on Boolean logic, molecular keypad locks secure molecular information, typically with an optical output. Here we investigate a rare example of a molecular keypad lock with a chemical output. To this end, the light‐activated release of biologically important nitric oxide from a ruthenium complex is studied, using proton concentration and photon flux as inputs. In a pH‐dependent equilibrium, a nitritoruthenium(II) complex is turned into a nitrosylruthenium(II) complex, which releases nitric oxide under irradiation with visible light. The precise prediction of the output nitric oxide concentration as function of the pH and photon flux is achieved with an artificial intelligence approach, namely the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system. In this manner an exceptionally high level of control over the output concentration is obtained. Moreover, the provided concept to lock a chemical output as well as the output prediction may be applied to other (photo)release schemes.
Polyaniline/Tungsten Trioxide Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Anode for Aqueous Proton Batteries
Authors: Tong Yuhao , Wei Yuan , Song AJing , Ma Yuanyuan , Yang Jianping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAqueous proton batteries have received increasing attention due to their outstanding rate performance, stability and high capacity. However, the selection of anode materials in strongly acidic electrolytes poses a challenge in achieving high‐performance aqueous proton batteries. This study optimized the proton reaction kinetics of layered metal oxide WO3 by introducing interlayer structural water and coating polyaniline (PANI) on its surface to prepare organic‐inorganic hybrid material (WO3 ⋅ 2H2O@PANI). We constructed an aqueous proton battery with WO3 ⋅ 2H2O@PANI anode and MnO2@GF cathode. After 1500 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1, the capacity retention rate can still reach 80.2 %. These results can inspire the development of new aqueous proton batteries.
Using Gold‐Nanoparticles‐Based Nanozyme to Accelerate the Self‐Assembly of Silk Fibroin
Authors: Wang Xiaopei , Chen Wanneng , Zhao Jiachen , Huang Yanyan , Zhang Zhisen , Lin Youhui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe design and development of nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme‐like activities (nanozymes) have attracted huge interest during the past several decades. Herein, by incorporating the concept of nanozyme‐involved biomimetic catalysis into the molecular assembly, we introduce an exciting example of utilizing the gold nanozyme system to expedite the sol‐gel transition of silk fibroin. In this system, silica‐encapsulated gold nanoparticles (MSN‐AuNPs) possess an intrinsic glucose oxidase‐like activity, and the activity of AuNPs has been studied by using first‐principles calculations. The catalytic oxidization of glucose into gluconic acid by MSN‐AuNPs leads to a significant decrease in the pH value of silk fibroin solution, rapidly accelerating the self‐assembly of silk fibroin solution into physical hydrogel. Since nanozymes can be further remotely controlled via different stimuli, this simple, rational control and accelerated method is a significant breakthrough, will lead to a large pool of opportunities for further exploration of nanozymes in the field of molecular assembly.
Direct Work Function Measurement Using in‐situ Ambient Pressure X‐ray Photoemission Spectroscopy and Its Application on Copper Oxidation Process
Authors: Zhang Hui , Li Xiaobao , Han Yong , Liu Zhi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe work function (WF) measurement plays a critical role in engineering energy materials and energy devices. However, the ultra‐high vacuum (UHV) environments of photoemission method limit the practical application for absolute work function measurements of materials, especially under complex working conditions. To understand the energy level of materials under complex chemical environments, the in‐situ measurements of work function is necessary in complex metal/semiconductor system for various application. In this paper, we describe the utilization of ambient pressure X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (APXPS) with utilization of low photon energy X‐ray for absolute WF measurements at BL02B of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. We herein present the WF measurement during oxygen adsorption on Pt(111) and oxidation of Cu(111) in ambient oxygen environment as demonstration of the APXPS capability for WF measurement. After oxygen chemisorption on Pt and formation of Cu2O, the WF will increase. This is due to charge transfer from metal to chemisorbed oxygen atoms. After the formation of bulk Cu2O and CuO, the WF value almost remain at ~5.5 eV. We believe the direct measurement of absolute work function via APXPS could help bridge the gap between the physical properties and the surface chemical species for metal/semiconductor materials.
Main Group Pentafulvenes: Challenges and Opportunities in Heavy Main Group Isolobal Substitution of Pentafulvene
Authors: Bhowmick Toma , Orthaber Andreas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHeterofulvenes based on isolobal substitution of carbon fragments by (heavier) main group motifs provide a rich source of structurally interesting building blocks with electronic situations that can vastly differ from all‐carbon congeners. Group 13, heavier 14 & 16 fulvenes are rare and pose significant stability challenges, while group 15 derivatives, particularly phosphorus and arsenic, have led to many derivatives with intriguing opto‐electronic properties.
Interaction between internal solitary waves and the seafloor in the deep sea
Authors: Tian Zhuangcai , Huang Jinjian , Xiang Jiaming , Zhang Shaotong , Wu Jinran , Liu Xiaolei , Luo Tingting , Yue Jianhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInternal solitary wave (ISW), as a typical marine dynamic process in the deep sea, widely exists in oceans and marginal seas worldwide. The interaction between ISW and the seafloor mainly occurs in the bottom boundary layer. For the seabed boundary layer of the deep sea, ISW is the most important dynamic process. This study analyzed the current status, hotspots, and frontiers of research on the interaction between ISW and the seafloor by CiteSpace. Focusing on the action of ISW on the seabed, such as transformation and reaction, a large amount of research work and results were systematically analyzed and summarized. On this basis, this study analyzed the wave–wave interaction and interaction between ISW and the bedform or slope of the seabed, which provided a new perspective for an in‐depth understanding of the interaction between ISW and the seafloor. Finally, the latest research results of the bottom boundary layer and marine engineering stability by ISW were introduced, and the unresolved problems in the current research work were summarized. This study provides a valuable reference for further research on the hazards of ISW to marine engineering geology.
Graphite counter electrode modified Tropaeolin‐O photo‐sensitized photogalvanic cells for solar power and storage
Authors: Koli Pooran , Kumar Rajendra , Dayma Yashodhara , Dheerata  , Jonwal Meenakshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn optimization, photo‐stability, and hysteresis property of the Graphite counter electrode‐modified Tropaeolin‐O (TPO) photo‐sensitized photogalvanic (PG) cells has been investigated. A complex H‐shaped cell design, a costly and delicate saturated calomel electrode (counter electrode), and a heavy sensitizer molecule (dye having high molecular weight, low diffusivity, and low photo‐stability) have been exploited for fabricating most of the PG cells so far. All these factors are not suitable for the fabrication of durable and cheap PG cells. Therefore, in the present study, the highly conductive/catalytically active robust graphite electrode with TPO dye photosensitizer (having a low molecular weight, higher diffusivity, and higher photo‐stability) has been exploited with diffusion‐friendly low cost and a simple transparent cylindrical glass tube. The cheap and robust graphite counter electrode has been exploited for optimization and long‐term study of the TPO photo‐sensitized PG cells. The observed electrical output is potential 676 mV, current 2000 µA, and power 340.0 μW. The power, current, and efficiency, have been found quite independent of the illumination window size. The potential and current have been observed to be quite stable over a long time during illumination, and the same has been supported by the hysteresis study.
Intraspecific transitioning of ecological strategies in Pinus massoniana trees across restoration stages
Authors: Lu Sihang , Wang Jiazheng , Liu Ao , Lei Feiya , Liu Rong , Li Shouzhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntraspecific variation in plant functional traits and ecological strategies is typically overlooked in most studies despite its pivotal role at the local scales and along short environmental gradients. While CSR theory has been used to classify ecological strategies (competitive C; stress‐tolerant, S; ruderal, R) in different plant species, its ability to explain intraspecific variation in ecological strategies remains uncertain. Here, we sought to investigate intraspecific variation in ecological strategies for Pinus massoniana, a pioneer conifer tree for ecological restoration in Changting County, southeast China. By measuring key leaf traits and canopy height of 252 individuals at different ontogenetic stages from three plots spanning distinctive stages along early ecological restoration and calculating their C, S, and R scores, we constructed an intraspecific CSR system. All individual strategies shifted across three restoration stages, with adults from higher S component to higher C component while juveniles from higher S component to higher R component. Our results suggest that while strategies of all P. massoniana individuals start with tolerance to environmental stress, as restoration proceeds, adult transition towards completion for light, whereas juveniles shift to an acquisitive resource use. The study reveals an intraspecific pattern of strategy variation during forest restoration, contributing to our understanding of how plants adapt to diverse environments.
Effect of extraction methods on functional properties of plant proteins: A review
Authors: Chandran Akshay S. , Kashyap Piyush , Thakur Mamta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFood proteins should not only provide nutrition but should also have specific functional properties that facilitate processing and enhance product performance. These functional properties refer to the physicochemical characteristics that govern the behavior of proteins in food. In this context, this article delves into the impact of extraction techniques on functional properties of protein, like solubility, emulsifying, foaming, and oil and water holding capacity. Novel extraction methods can boost extraction yield and enhance technological, functional, and nutritional properties of protein. Protein solubility was found to be significantly impacted by the application of novel extraction methods. Studies also concluded that enhancing the solubility of commercial protein isolates may lead to better functional properties. However, excessive use of extraction techniques can result in protein aggregation, which can negatively impact the foaming properties. Exposing hydrophobic groups and enhancing flexibility are the effects of novel treatment on different proteins resulting in an improvement in their functional properties. Similarly alkaline and micellized extraction also enhance the proteins properties. These findings will result in a further enrichment of the research on the functional properties of protein and provide information to help in the development of protein enriched food products.
Inulin alleviates acute alcoholism in mice by enhancing ethanol metabolism and regulating the intestinal flora
Authors: Bai Zhouya , Lan Honglin , Luo Denglin , Li Xingguo , Zhang Yunhui , Geng Mengyuan , Chang Shaohe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInulin, a recognized prebiotic with diverse biological activities, has not yet been reported for its potential in treating alcoholism. Therefore, this study investigated the antialcoholic effects of short, long, and phosphorylated long‐chain inulin and the possible mechanisms. An acute alcoholic intoxication mice model was established, with the water extract of Hovenia dulcis Thunb serving as a positive control. The different inulins were used for intervention, and the drunkenness of the mice was observed by an animal behavior experiment. The serum liver function indexes (TP, ALB, GLB, ALT, and ALP), as well as the activity of ethanol metabolizing enzymes (ADH and ALDH) in the liver were measured, and the changes in intestinal flora were analyzed. The results showed that short‐chain inulin could alleviate acute alcoholism by activating ethanol metabolizing enzyme activity and improving intestinal flora, and it had a potential protective effect on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice.
A study revealing mechanisms behind the stone cell of Yali pear degradation by mixed‐culture fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and yeast
Authors: Gao Jie , Xu Chao , Tian Guifang , Ji Yue Hong , Sadiq Faizan A. , Wang Ke , Sang Yaxin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe presence of stone cells in pears is recognized as a problem for the pear processing industry. Bacillus and mold can degrade stone cells because of their potential to digest cellulose and lignin, but they cannot be used for the degradation test of pear stone cells. In this study Lactoplantibacillus plantarum JYLP‐326 was used in single culture or in the mixed culture with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y2 to study their potential to degrade stone cells during fermentation and the mechanism of degradation was further explored. Synergy in cellulase activity was observed in the mixed‐culture where the maximum activity was observed at 96th hour of fermentation. Activities of endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β‐glucosidase were 1.75, 4.58, and 2.31. The degradation rate of stone cells in the mixed‐culture was 37.67%, which was significantly higher than that the results obtained for single cultures. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface of the cultured stone cells became rough. Metabolomics studies confirmed the presence of specific metabolites related to the degradation of stone cells after the fermentation. It was concluded that the mixed‐culture fermentation using the above‐mentioned strains could be exploited by the pear processing industry to degrade stone cells.
Body shape rather than facial emotion of others alters interpersonal distance in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Cartaud Alice , Duriez Philibert , Querenghi Johanna , Nandrino Jean‐Louis , Gorwood Philip , Viltart Odile , Coello Yann 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe study investigated interpersonal distance in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), focussing on the role of other's facial expression and morphology, also assessing physiological and subjective responses.MethodTwenty‐nine patients with AN and 30 controls (CTL) were exposed to virtual characters either with an angry, neutral, or happy facial expression or with an overweight, normal‐weight, or underweight morphology presented either in the near or far space while we recorded electrodermal activity. Participants had to judge their preferred interpersonal distance with the characters and rated them in terms of valence and arousal.ResultsUnlike CTL, patients with AN exhibited heightened electrodermal activity for morphological stimuli only, when presented in the near space. They also preferred larger and smaller interpersonal distances with overweight and underweight characters respectively, although rating both negatively. Finally, and similar to CTL, they preferred larger interpersonal distance with angry than neutral or happy characters.DiscussionAlthough patients with AN exhibited behavioural response to emotional stimuli similar to CTL, they lacked corresponding physiological response, indicating emotional blunting towards emotional social stimuli. Moreover, they showed distinct behavioural and physiological adjustments in response to body shape, confirming the specific emotional significance attached to body shape.
A 2012–2021 high‐resolution glacier mass balance estimate for Icelandic ice caps based on ArcticDEM and ICESat‐2
Authors: Luo Lan Hua , Ke Chang‐Qing , Fan Yu Bin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIce caps are important water resources for Iceland and are threatened by climate change. Despite their importance and vulnerability, the geodetic glacier mass balance estimate for the recent decade lacks a high‐resolution result. To address this gap, we first co‐registered the 2012–2021 ArcticDEM (v4) strips with ICESat‐2 points acquired over off‐ice areas and evaluated the accuracy of the co‐registered DEMs. We then applied a per‐pixel weighted liner regression to the multi‐temporal ArcticDEM strips and generated a high‐resolution (2 m) glacier surface elevation change rate for six major Icelandic ice caps. Based on these estimates we calculated the geodetic mass balance. Additionally, we estimated the seasonal relative surface elevation changes using ICESat‐2 ATL06 data for the 2019 to 2021 period. The results showed the co‐registered ArcticDEM strips exhibit good accuracy, with a standard deviation of 1.15 m across the Icelandic ice cap regions. Between 2012 and 2021, Icelandic ice caps experienced a state of mass loss, with a surface elevation change rate of −0.57 ± 0.21 m/a, corresponding to a mass loss of −0.51 ± 0.02 m w.e/a. Spatial variability in glacier surface elevation changes among different Icelandic ice caps ranges −0.19 m/a to −0.75 m/a. The Langjökull ice cap exhibited the most severe glacier mass loss at −0.68 ± 0.006 m w.e/a. Furthermore, our observations indicate a change in seasonal trends occurred across all six ice caps from 2019 to 2021. Specifically, the glacier surface thickening decreased during the accumulation period, while the thinning rate increased during the ablation period. These findings highlight that ArcticDEM v4 strips provide new insights into the mass balance of Icelandic glaciers and will aid in making future water management decisions. Moreover, the high‐resolution surface elevation topography and change rates provided in this study may contribute to an improved understanding of the influence of glacier dynamics on glacier change.
Exercise adherence for patients with trismus after head and neck cancer treatment
Authors: Charters Emma , Loy Jamie , Sharman Ashleigh R. , Cheng Kai , Dunn Masako , Clark Jonathan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck cancer treatment often leads to trismus, a condition characterized by limited mouth opening. Exercise‐based therapy is the most common intervention but there are no clear guidelines as to the optimal exercise regimen. Restorabite™ is a portable and force‐regulated trismus device designed to enhance exercise adherence. This study explores the adherence to exercises using Restorabite™ in head and neck cancer patients with trismus and identifies facilitators and barriers to exercise therapy.Materials and methodsMixed‐methods, prospective cohort study undertaken at a quaternary oncology hospital, in Sydney Australia involving participants diagnosed with head and neck cancer diagnosed with trismus (maximal incisal opening under 35 mm). Patients underwent a 10‐week individualized trismus program using Restorabite™ with weekly speech pathology reviews. Exercise adherence was tracked through categorized descriptors. Data were collected prospectively at baseline, during 10 weeks of therapy with Restorabite™, and at 6‐ and 12‐month post‐trismus exercise. Participants described facilitators of trismus therapy, and barriers to completing the prescribed exercises. Clinical documentation of these responses was then analyzed using content analysis.ResultsOne‐hundred and thirty‐five participants were recruited. During the intervention 69% (n = 93) exercised as recommended, 24% (n = 32) exercised less, and 7% (n = 10) exercised more than recommended. At 6 months post‐intervention, 55.5% (n = 75) exercised as recommended, 38.5% (n = 52) exercised less, and 4% (n = 6) exercised more. At 12 months, 36% (n = 49) exercised as recommended, 48% (n = 62) exercised less, and 11% (n = 15) exercised more. MIO increased from a mean of 18.6 mm at baseline, to 30.1 mm at the end of the 10‐week intervention. This was maintained at 6 and 12 months (31.7 and 32.1 mm, respectively). Adherence to the exercise program was associated with greater improvement in maximum interincisal opening (p < 0.001). Facilitators of adherence included intrinsic motivation, device portability, perceived functional change, and external support tools. Barriers included cancer treatment toxicities, competing priorities, and health challenges. Positive outcomes included functional improvements, while negative outcomes included increased pain.ConclusionsSeventy‐six percent of patients prescribed Restorabite™ performed trismus exercises at or more than the recommended frequency. Facilitators and barriers identified provide insights into factors influencing adherence. Future research should involve comparative studies that compare the adherence and effectiveness of different exercise programs.