bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giants in the Fields: Agribusiness and Farm Labor Politics in the United States
Authors: Benson Peter 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article examines the cultural politics of farm labor organizing in North Carolina's tobacco‐producing region. Exploring the form and content of a theatrical performance staged in a labor camp by union affiliates, I show how the play builds on strategic cultural stereotypes about growers and workers. The play focuses on the theme of farmworker squalor and questions of who is responsible and who is to blame. While the play clearly has immediate pedagogical and political value for workers and participants, a narrative of good actors and bad actors occludes a full appreciation of the role of multinational capital and government neglect in inducing harm endured by farm labor and constraints faced by growers. This case study permits insights into the relevance of cultural performance in contemporary efforts to invoke ethical concerns and make policy improvements in agriculture and to develop constructive criticism about farm labor organizing and outreach strategies.
Liver iron overloading in captive muriquis (Brachytelesspp.)
Authors: Santos Stéfanie V. , Strefezzi Ricardo De F. , Pissinatti Alcides , Catão‐Dias José L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground Iron accumulation was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively in the liver of 15 captiveBrachytelesspp.Methods Hepatic hemosiderosis index (HHI) was determined as the area percentage of the liver parenchyma occupied by hemosiderin and ferritin deposits, through computerized histomorphometric analysis of Prussian blue–stained histologic sections.Results All studied animals presented liver hemosiderosis, and HHI ranged from 0.2% to 41.7%. There were no significant differences in HHI between muriqui species or genders, and no correlations were detected among HHI and age, time in captivity or body mass. Iron deposits were accompanied by other hepatic disorders.Conclusions This is the first study addressing the occurrence and consequences of iron overloading in the liver of muriquis. We propose that hemosiderosis may act as a contribute factor for the development of hepatic injuries. Further studies are advised to clarify the role of diet in the pathogenesis of hemosiderosis in these atelids.
COMPARING OLDER AND YOUNGER USERS' PERCEPTIONS OF MOBILE PHONES AND WATCHES USING CATA QUESTIONS AND PREFERENCE MAPPING ON THE DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: PIQUERAS‐FISZMAN BETINA , ARES GASTÓN , ALCAIDE‐MARZAL JORGE , DIEGO‐MÁS JOSÉ A. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTKnowledge of how older users perceive products and how this perception affects acceptance is important since they are a consumer sector with real growth potential. Within this context, the aim of the present study was to analyze how two age cohorts of users perceive products of different familiarity grade (mobile phones and watches), using check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) questions and preference mapping, techniques not commonly used in the industrial design field. Two studies were carried out in which young and older users assessed a series of product images by answering a CATA question and rating their overall liking using a 9‐point hedonic scale. Results demonstrated how certain terms apply only to a specific age group, how these correlated to particular design features and how these data constructed different preference patterns. Furthermore, the maps also revealed perception and preference differences not only among age groups, but also within age groups.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSResults highlighted the importance of analyzing different groups of users at an individual level and gave insights into the underlying reasons behind their judgments when assigning liking scores to products. The differences found in liking and perception among the two age groups, overall in the mobile phone study, manifest the need to focus further research on older users. This is important to designers and market researchers because often consumer and market researchers consider mainly the younger cohort of users when dealing with aesthetics, and older users when dealing with usability.
The relative efficacy of trivalent live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines in children and adults
Authors: Ambrose Christopher S. , Levin Myron J. , Belshe Robert B. 
Published: November 2010

Please cite this paper as: Ambrose CS et al. (2011) The relative efficacy of trivalent live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines in children and adults. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(2), 67–75.In the United States, two types of vaccines are recommended for the prevention of influenza: an intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) for eligible individuals aged 2–49 years and unadjuvanted injectable trivalent inactivated vaccines (TIV) for eligible individuals aged ≥6 months. Several recent studies have compared the efficacy of the 2 vaccines in children and adults. In children 6 months to 18 years of age, each of the four comparative studies of LAIV and TIV demonstrated that LAIV was more protective. In individuals 17–49 years of age, most comparative studies have demonstrated that LAIV and TIV were similarly efficacious or that TIV was more efficacious. However, LAIV was shown to be more protective than TIV in new military recruits of all ages, and placebo‐controlled studies in adults in 1997–1998 suggested that LAIV was more protective against the mismatched A/H3N2 strain. The relative efficacy of LAIV and TIV among young adults may vary depending on the specific population and the antigenic match between the vaccines and circulating strains. In adults 60 years of age and older, limited data suggest that the two vaccines are similarly effective. In children and adults, studies also suggest that the relative efficacy of LAIV versus TIV may increase when measured against more severe illness. Additional research comparing LAIV and TIV is needed in adults and would also be valuable in older children and adolescents. Studies should examine the role of pre‐existing immunity as well as vaccine impact on influenza illness of varying severity.
Functionalization of whole‐cell bacterial reporters with magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Dayi , Fakhrullin Rawil F. , Özmen Mustafa , Wang Hui , Wang Jian , Paunov Vesselin N. , Li Guanghe , Huang Wei E. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryWe developed a biocompatible and highly efficient approach for functionalization of bacterial cell wall with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Three Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 chromosomally based bioreporters, which were genetically engineered to express bioluminescence in response to salicylate, toluene/xylene and alkanes, were functionalized with 18 ± 3 nm iron oxide MNPs to acquire magnetic function. The efficiency of MNPs functionalization of Acinetobacter bioreporters was 99.96 ± 0.01%. The MNPs‐functionalized bioreporters (MFBs) can be remotely controlled and collected by an external magnetic field. The MFBs were all viable and functional as good as the native cells in terms of sensitivity, specificity and quantitative response. More importantly, we demonstrated that salicylate sensing MFBs can be applied to sediments and garden soils, and semi‐quantitatively detect salicylate in those samples by discriminably recovering MFBs with a permanent magnet. The magnetically functionalized cells are especially useful to complex environments in which the indigenous cells, particles and impurities may interfere with direct measurement of bioreporter cells and conventional filtration is not applicable to distinguish and harvest bioreporters. The approach described here provides a powerful tool to remotely control and selectively manipulate MNPs‐functionalized cells in water and soils. It would have a potential in the application of environmental microbiology, such as bioremediation enhancement and environment monitoring and assessment.
Economic evaluation of the removal of tobacco promotional displays in Ireland
Authors: Quinn Casey , Lewis Sarah , Edwards Richard , McNeill Ann 
Published: November 2010

AimTo evaluate the short-term economic impact of legislation removing point of sale tobacco promotional displays (ie, tobacco displays and other point of sale tobacco advertising) in Ireland, implemented July 2009, on cigarette sales across a range of categories of retail outlets.MethodsCigarette sales were evaluated using scanning (weekly data since January 2006) and audit data (bimonthly since November 2007) within different retail categories using data sourced from AC Nielsen, Ireland. Visual inspection and time-series regression techniques were used where appropriate to assess changes in sales over time and in relation to the legislation.ResultsNo change was observed in sales data in any retail category over and above seasonal patterns and an underlying downward trend over time. Similarly, where available data enabled statistical analysis, there was no significant effect in the short term (up to 12 months after implementation) on retail sales of tobacco products, over and above seasonal and long-term trends.ConclusionsRecent claims of substantial revenue losses and closures of small retailers as a direct result of the removal of point of sale tobacco promotional displays in Ireland are not borne out by these data. The removal of point of sale displays is aimed at reducing the pernicious effects of tobacco advertising on children and is therefore likely to have an impact on sales over a much more protracted time period. This should enable retailers to adapt over time, perhaps using such regulations as an opportunity to play a role in promoting healthier products in the local community.
A UNIFORM ENHANCEMENT APPROACH FOR OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS: SMOOTHING FUNCTION METHOD
Authors: WANG YUPING 
Published: November 2010

In this paper, we propose a uniform enhancement approach called smoothing function method, which can cooperate any optimization algorithm and improve its performance. The method has two phases. In the first phase, a smoothing function is constructed by using a properly truncated Fourier series. It can preserve the overall shape of the original objective function but eliminate many of its local optimal points, thus it can well approach the objective function. Then, the optimal solution of the smoothing function is searched by an optimization algorithm (e.g. traditional algorithm or evolutionary algorithm) so that the search becomes much easier. In the second phase, we switch to optimize the original function for some iterations by using the best solution(s) obtained in phase 1 as an initial point (population). Thereafter, the smoothing function is updated in order to approximate the original function more accurately. These two phases are repeated until the best solutions obtained in several successively second phases cannot be improved obviously. In this manner, any optimization algorithm will become much easier in searching optimal solution. Finally, we use the proposed approach to enhance two typical optimization algorithms: Powell direct algorithm and a simple genetic algorithm. The simulation results on ten challenging benchmarks indicate the proposed approach can effectively improve the performance of these two algorithms.
Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies for Gene Expression Ratio-Based Diagnostic and Prognostic Tests in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: De Rienzo Assunta , Dong Lingsheng , Yeap Beow Y. , Jensen Roderick V. , Richards William G. , Gordon Gavin J. , Sugarbaker David J. , Bueno Raphael 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPurpose: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive disease associated with median survival between 9 and 12 months. The correct diagnosis of MPM is sometimes challenging and usually requires solid tissue biopsies rather than fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNA). We postulated that the accuracy of FNA-based diagnosis might be improved by the addition of molecular tests using a gene expression ratio-based algorithm and that prognostic tests could be similarly performed.Experimental Design: Two MPM and 2 lung cancer cell lines were used to establish the minimal quantity of RNA required to perform the gene ratio test. On the basis of these results, 276 ex vivo FNA biopsies from 63 MPM patients and 250 ex vivo FNA samples from 92 lung cancer patients were analyzed using previously described diagnostic and prognostic tests based on gene expression ratios.Results: We found that the sensitivity of the diagnostic test for MPM was 100% [95% confidence interval (CI): 95%–100%] and the specificity in primary lung adenocarcinoma was 90% (95% CI: 81%–95%). The FNA-based prognostic classification was concordant among 76% (95% CI: 65%–87%) of patients with the risk assignment in a subset of the matched surgical specimens previously analyzed by the prognostic test.Conclusions: Sufficient RNA can be extracted from most FNA biopsies to perform gene expression molecular tests. In particular, we show that the gene expression ratio algorithms performed well when applied to diagnosis and prognosis in MPM. This study provides support for the development of additional RNA molecular tests that may enhance the utility of FNA in the management of other solid cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 17(2); 310–16. ©2010 AACR.
Role of ATP-Binding Cassette and Solute Carrier Transporters in Erlotinib CNS Penetration and Intracellular Accumulation
Authors: Elmeliegy Mohamed A. , Carcaboso Angel M. , Tagen Michael , Bai Feng , Stewart Clinton F. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Purpose: To study the role of drug transporters in central nervous system (CNS) penetration and cellular accumulation of erlotinib and its metabolite, OSI-420.
Experimental Design: After oral erlotinib administration to wild-type and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter-knockout mice (Mdr1a/b−/−, Abcg2−/−, Mdr1a/b−/−Abcg2−/−, and Abcc4−/−), plasma was collected and brain extracellular fluid (ECF) was sampled using intracerebral microdialysis. A pharmacokinetic model was fit to erlotinib and OSI-420 concentration–time data, and brain penetration (PBrain) was estimated by the ratio of ECF-to-unbound plasma area under concentration–time curves. Intracellular accumulation of erlotinib was assessed in cells overexpressing human ABC transporters or SLC22A solute carriers.
Results: P Brain in wild-type mice was 0.27 ± 0.11 and 0.07 ± 0.02 (mean ± SD) for erlotinib and OSI-420, respectively. Erlotinib and OSI-420 PBrain in Abcg2−/− and Mdr1a/b−/−Abcg2−/− mice were significantly higher than in wild-type mice. Mdr1a/b−/− mice showed similar brain ECF penetration as wild-type mice (0.49 ± 0.37 and 0.04 ± 0.02 for erlotinib and OSI-420, respectively). In vitro, erlotinib and OSI-420 accumulation was significantly lower in cells overexpressing breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) than in control cells. Only OSI-420, not erlotinib, showed lower accumulation in cells overexpressing P-glycoprotein (P-gp) than in control cells. The P-gp/BCRP inhibitor elacridar increased erlotinib and OSI-420 accumulation in BCRP-overexpressing cells. Erlotinib uptake was higher in OAT3- and OCT2-transfected cells than in empty vector control cells.
Conclusion: Abcg2 is the main efflux transporter preventing erlotinib and OSI-420 penetration in mouse brain. Erlotinib and OSI-420 are substrates for SLC22A family members OAT3 and OCT2. Our findings provide a mechanistic basis for erlotinib CNS penetration, cellular uptake, and efflux mechanisms. Clin Cancer Res; 17(1); 89–99. ©2010 AACR.
MEK-Independent Survival of B-RAFV600E Melanoma Cells Selected for Resistance to Apoptosis Induced by the RAF Inhibitor PLX4720
Authors: Jiang Chen Chen , Lai Fritz , Thorne Rick F. , Yang Fan , Liu Hao , Hersey Peter , Zhang Xu Dong 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Purpose: To examine mechanisms that determine long-term responses of B-RAFV600E melanoma cells to B-RAF inhibitors.
Experimental Design: B-RAFV600E melanoma cells were exposed to the B-RAF inhibitor PLX4720 for prolonged periods to select for cells resistant to apoptosis induced by the inhibitor. The resultant cells were analyzed for activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), MAP/ERK kinase (MEK), and Akt, and related signals. Their roles in survival of the cells were also examined.
Results: B-RAFV600E melanoma cells selected for resistant to PLX4720-induced apoptosis retained the V600E mutation in B-RAF, and proliferated steadily in the presence of the inhibitor, albeit with slow growth rate. These cells displayed high levels of ERK activation, that is, at least in part, independent of the conventional RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, as MEK activation was low and inhibition of MEK did not significantly block activation of ERK. In contrast, extracellular signals appeared involved. This was associated with elevated activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3k)/Akt pathway and could be inhibited by serum starvation and inhibition of PI3k/Akt. Inhibition of MEK did not impact on survival of these cells, whereas serum starvation, inhibition of PI3K/Akt, and inhibition of ERK1/2 reduced their viability.
Conclusions: These results indicate that sensitivity to induction of apoptosis may be a major determinant of long-term responses of B-RAFV600E melanomas to specific inhibitors and suggest that rebound melanoma growth after initial treatment with the inhibitors may not be responsive to MEK inhibitors, but may be susceptible to inhibition of the PI3k/Akt pathway. Clin Cancer Res; 17(4); 1–10. ©2010 AACR.
Flavopiridol Protects Against Inflammation by Attenuating Leukocyte-Endothelial Interaction via Inhibition of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9
Authors: Schmerwitz Ulrike K. , Sass Gabriele , Khandoga Alexander G. , Joore Jos , Mayer Bettina A. , Berberich Nina , Totzke Frank , Krombach Fritz , Tiegs Gisa , Zahler Stefan , Vollmar Angelika M. , Fürst Robert 
Published: November 2010

Objective—
The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor flavopiridol is currently being tested in clinical trials as anticancer drug. Beyond its cell death–inducing action, we hypothesized that flavopiridol affects inflammatory processes. Therefore, we elucidated the action of flavopiridol on leukocyte–endothelial cell interaction and endothelial activation in vivo and in vitro and studied the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods and Results—
Flavopiridol suppressed concanavalin A–induced hepatitis and neutrophil infiltration into liver tissue. Flavopiridol also inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α–induced leukocyte–endothelial cell interaction in the mouse cremaster muscle. Endothelial cells were found to be the major target of flavopiridol, which blocked the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin), as well as NF-κB-dependent transcription. Flavopiridol did not affect inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase, the degradation and phosphorylation of IκBα, nuclear translocation of p65, or nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) DNA-binding activity. By performing a cellular kinome array and a kinase activity panel, we found LIM domain kinase-1 (LIMK1), casein kinase 2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ), CDK4, CDK6, CDK8, and CDK9 to be influenced by flavopiridol. Using specific inhibitors, as well as RNA interference (RNAi), we revealed that only CDK9 is responsible for the action of flavopiridol.

Conclusion—
Our study highlights flavopiridol as a promising antiinflammatory compound and inhibition of CDK9 as a novel approach for the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases.
Deletion of EP4 on Bone Marrow–Derived Cells Enhances Inflammation and Angiotensin II–Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation
Authors: Tang Eva H.C. , Shvartz Eugenia , Shimizu Koichi , Rocha Viviane Z. , Zheng Chunyu , Fukuda Daiju , Shi Guo-Ping , Sukhova Galina , Libby Peter 
Published: November 2010

Objective—
To examine whether a lack of prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4) on bone marrow–derived cells would increase local inflammation and enhance the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in vivo.

Methods and Results—

Prostaglandin E
2
(PGE
2
) through activation of EP4, can mute inflammation. Hypercholesterolemic low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR
−/−
) mice transplanted with either EP4
+/+
(EP4
+/+
/LDLR
−/−
) or EP4
−/−
(EP4
−/−
/LDLR
−/−
) bone marrow received infusions of angiotensin II to induce AAA. Deficiency of EP4 on bone marrow–derived cells increased the incidence (50% of male EP4
+/+
/LDLR
−/−
mice versus 88.9% of male EP4
−/−
/LDLR
−/−
mice developed AAA; and 22% of female EP4
+/+
/LDLR
−/−
mice versus 83.3% of female EP4
−/−
/LDLR
−/−
mice developed AAA) and severity of AAA, increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (2.72-fold in males and 1.64-fold in females), and enhanced infiltration of macrophages (3.8-fold in males and 2.44-fold in females) and T cells (1.88-fold in males and 1.66-fold in females) into AAA lesions. Lack of EP4 on bone marrow–derived cells augmented elastin fragmentation, increased apoptotic markers, and decreased smooth muscle cell accumulation within AAA lesions.

Conclusion—

Deficiency of EP4 on bone marrow–derived cells boosted inflammation and AAA formation induced by angiotensin II in hyperlipidemic mice. This study affirms the pathophysiologic importance of PGE
2
signaling through EP4 as an endogenous anti-inflammatory pathway involved in experimental aneurysm formation.
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ Mediates Pioglitazone-Reduced Vascular Lesion Formation
Authors: Hamblin Milton , Chang Lin , Zhang Hengmin , Yang Kun , Zhang Jifeng , Chen Y. Eugene 
Published: November 2010

Objective—
Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) has been reported to decrease vascular lesion formation. However, the critical role of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) PPARγ in vascular lesion formation following transplantation is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of VSMC PPARγ-mediated signaling in transplantation-associated vascular lesion formation.

Methods and Results—
Carotid arteries from smooth muscle cell-selective PPARγ knockout (SMPG KO) and wild-type mice were transplanted to CBA/CaJ recipient mice. The recipient mice received a control diet or pioglitazone-containing diet. Pioglitazone reduced vascular lesion formation in transplanted wild-type, but not in SMPG KO carotid arteries. Histological analysis suggested that PPARγ attenuates vascular lesion formation through antiinflammatory signaling, as evidenced by the increase of intimal inflammatory cells and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in SMPG KO allografts. Intravital microscopy revealed increased inflammatory cell rolling and attachment to endothelial cells in small blood vessels of SMPG KO mice following cytokine stimulation. SMPG KO mice, as shown by Western blotting, have elevated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry demonstrated SMPG KO allografts have increased VCAM-1.

Conclusion—
Loss of PPARγ in VSMC promotes transplantation-associated vascular lesion formation through increased VCAM-1 expression. VSMC PPARγ also mediates pioglitazone-reduced vascular lesion formation.
Myocyte Turnover in the Aging Human Heart
Authors: Kajstura Jan , Gurusamy Narasimman , Ogórek Barbara , Goichberg Polina , Clavo-Rondon Carlos , Hosoda Toru , D'Amario Domenico , Bardelli Silvana , Beltrami Antonio P. , Cesselli Daniela , Bussani Rossana , del Monte Federica , Quaini Federico , Rota Marcello , Beltrami Carlo A. , Buchholz Bruce A. , Leri Annarosa , Anversa Piero 
Published: November 2010

RETRACTION
This article has been retracted:

Circ Res
. 2018;123:e00. DOI: 10.1161/RES.0000000000000247