bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Half‐Titanocence Anilide Complexes Cp′TiCl2[N(2,6‐R12C6H3)R2]: Synthesis, Structures and Catalytic Properties for Ethylene Polymerization and Copolymerization with 1‐Hexene
Authors: Liu Kefeng , Wu Qiaolin , Gao Wei , Mu Ying , Ye Ling 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA number of new half‐sandwich titanium(IV) complexes of the type [Cp′TiCl2{N(2,6‐R12C6H3)R2}] [R1 = iPr (1, 2, 4), Me (3, 5); R2 = Me (1, 3, 4, 5), Bn (2); Cp′ = Cp (1, 2, 3), Cp* (4, 5)] have been synthesized by the reaction of [Cp′TiCl3] with the lithium salts of the corresponding anilide in toluene or diethyl ether. All titanium complexes were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The molecular structures of complexes 1, 4, and 5 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. When activated with AliBu3 and Ph3CB(C6F5)4, complexes 1–5 exhibited reasonable catalytic activity in ethylene polymerization, producing high‐ or ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene. It was found that complex 4 shows the highest catalytic activity in ethylene polymerization and complexes 1–3 produced ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight (Mη > 3 × 106 g mol–1, viscosity‐average molecular weight) polyethylene. The copolymerization of ethylene with 1‐hexene catalyzed by these complexes in the presence of AliBu3/Ph3CB(C6F5)4 was also investigated. Complexes 4 and 5 with the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand were found to show higher catalytic activity in ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization and produced poly(ethylene‐co‐1‐hexene)s with much higher molecular weights and co‐monomer incorporation than their cyclopentadienyl analogues 1–3 under similar conditions. The co‐monomer incorporation abilities of complexes 4 and 5 are relatively high in comparison with other half‐sandwich titanium catalyst systems.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Intramolecular Allylic Substitution of Bis(trichloroacetimidates): A Versatile Approach to Racemic Unsaturated Amino Acids
Authors: Grigorjeva Liene , Jirgensons Aigars 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLewis acid catalyzed cyclization of trichloroacetimidates derived from 1,4‐butenediols and 1,5‐butenediols was achieved to give 4‐vinyl oxazolines and 4‐vinyloxazines in good to excellent yields. The cyclization products were transformed to protected unsaturated α‐ and β‐amino acids, thus demonstrating the novel approach to access these important classes of compounds.
Sequential ATRA/Reductive Cyclopropanation Reactions with a Ruthenium Catalyst in the Presence of Manganese
Authors: Fernández‐Zúmel Mariano A. , Buron Charlotte , Severin Kay 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAtom‐transfer radical addition (ATRA) reactions of ethyl trichloroacetate, dichloromalononitrile, or diethyl 2,2‐dichloromalonate with olefins followed by dechlorination have provided functionalized cyclopropanes in one step. The RuIII complex [Cp*RuCl2(PPh3)] was used as a catalyst precursor and commercial Mn powder as reducing agent. Reactions with the less activated substrate ethyl dichloroacetate gave ATRA products with high turnover numbers but cyclopropanation was not observed.
Production of α‐amylase by Aspergillus oryzae from cassava bagasse and wastewater sludge under solid‐state fermentation
Authors: Pengthamkeerati P. , Numsomboon S. , Satapanajaru T. , Chairattanamanokorn P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe potential of cassava bagasse (from cassava starch production) and biological sludge (biosludge, from an activated sludge treatment system) was investigated for α‐amylase production using Aspergillus oryzae TISTR 3605 under solid‐state fermentation and the optimum conditions for enzyme production were determined. The optimum conditions for α‐amylase production were 48 h of incubation, using a ratio of cassava bagasse and biosludge of 3:2 (w/w) at a moisture content of 60%, with 1 mL inoculum and distilled water as the moisturizing agent. The influence of supplementation with carbon sources (glucose and starch) suggested that only glucose increased α‐amylase production and then slightly. However, supplementing with nitrogen sources (peptone and ammonium sulfate) had no positive effect on amylase production. The results suggested that cassava bagasse and wastewater sludge had potential to be used as carbon and nutrient sources, respectively, for microorganisms to produce α‐amylase. However, further study is needed to improve the α‐amylase yield. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2012
Evaluation of plastic energy dissipation capacity of steel beams suffering ductile fracture under various loading histories
Authors: Jiao Yu , Yamada Satoshi , Kishiki Shoichi , Shimada Yuko 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe energy dissipation capacity of a structure is a very important index that indicates the structural performance in energy‐based seismic design. This index depends greatly on the structural components that form the whole system. Owing to the wide use of the strong‐column weak‐beam strength hierarchy where steel beams dissipate the majority of earthquake input energy to the structures, it is necessary to evaluate the energy dissipation capacity of the beams. Under cyclic loadings such as seismic effects, the damage of the beams accumulates. Therefore, loading history is known to be the most pivotal factor influencing the deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the beams. Seismic loadings with significantly different characteristics are applied to structural beams during different types of earthquakes and there is no unique appropriate loading protocol that can represent all types of seismic loadings. This paper focuses on the effects of various loading histories on the deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the beams. Cyclic loading tests of steel beams were performed. In addition, some experimental results from published tests were also collected to form a database. This database was used to evaluate the energy dissipation capacity of steel beams suffering from ductile fracture under various loading histories. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma of the face treated with radiation therapy: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Pugh Thomas J. , Lee Nancy Y. , Pacheco Theresa , Raben David 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundMicrocystic adnexal carcinoma is a rare, locally aggressive neoplasm most commonly occurring on the face. Minimal data are available regarding the role of radiation therapy (RT).MethodsCases treated with RT from 2 comprehensive cancer centers are reviewed along with a review of the literature.ResultsThree patients with microcystic adnexal carcinoma of the face were treated with curative intent. One patient received RT as monotherapy. Two patients received postoperative RT (PORT). The patient receiving RT as monotherapy experienced excellent clinical regression, had an in‐field recurrence at 48‐month follow‐up, and is now without evidence of disease after reirradiation. Both patients receiving PORT are without evidence of disease.ConclusionPORT may improve local control in patients with microcystic adnexal carcinoma, and its use should be considered in patients with high‐risk features for local recurrence. RT as monotherapy should be considered when poor cosmetic outcome can be anticipated via standard surgical treatments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
The novel lupus antigen related protein acheron enhances the development of human breast cancer
Authors: Shao Rong , Scully Steve J. , Yan Wei , Bentley Brooke , Mueller James , Brown Christine , Bigelow Carol , Schwartz Lawrence M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAcheron (Achn) is a new member of the Lupus antigen family of RNA binding proteins. Previous studies have shown that Achn controls developmental decisions in neurons and muscle. In the human mammary gland, Achn expression is restricted to ductal myoepithelial cells. Microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry have shown that Achn expression is elevated in some basal‐like ductal carcinomas. To study the possible role of Achn in breast cancer, we engineered human MDA‐MB‐231 cells to stably express enhanced green fluorescent protein‐tagged wild‐type Achn (AchnWT), as well as Achn lacking either its nuclear localization signal (AchnNLS) or its nuclear export signal (AchnNES). In in vitro assays, AchnWT and AchnNES, but not AchnNLS, enhanced cell proliferation, lamellipodia formation, and invasive activity and drove expression of the elevated expression of the metastasis‐associated proteins MMP‐9 and VEGF. To determine if Achn could alter the behavior of human breast cancer cells in vivo, Achn‐engineered MDA‐MB‐231 cells were injected into athymic SCID/Beige mice. AchnWT and AchnNES‐expressing tumors displayed enhanced angiogenesis and an approximately 5‐fold increase in tumor size relative to either control cells or those expressing AchnNLS. These data suggest that Achn enhances human breast tumor growth and vascularization and that this activity is dependent on nuclear localization.
Integrin‐dependent response to laminin‐511 regulates breast tumor cell invasion and metastasis
Authors: Kusuma Nicole , Denoyer Delphine , Eble Johannes A. , Redvers Richard P. , Parker Belinda S. , Pelzer Rebecca , Anderson Robin L. , Pouliot Normand 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe basement membrane protein, laminin (LM)‐511, is a potent adhesive and migratory substrate for metastatic breast tumor cells in vitro. Its expression correlates with tumor grade and metastatic potential in vivo. These observations suggest that responsiveness to autocrine or paracrine‐derived LM‐511 may be an important property regulating breast cancer metastasis in vivo. To address this, we compared the metastatic potential of 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells to that of 4T1 variants isolated by repeated chemotactic migration toward LM‐511 in vitro (4T1LMF4) followed by serial injection into the mammary gland and recovery of spontaneous metastases from bone (4T1BM2). Variant subpopulations exhibited a distinct morphology on LM‐511 and increased expression of β1 and β4 integrins compared to parental 4T1 cells. Importantly, mice inoculated with 4T1LMF4 and 4T1BM2 variants showed a 2.5‐ to 4‐fold increase in the incidence of spontaneous metastasis to bone compared to 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice. Functionally, 4T1BM2 variants were more adherent and more invasive toward LM‐511 than parental 4T1 cells. Treatment of 4T1BM2 cells with lebein‐1, a disintegrin with selectivity toward LM‐type integrin receptors, potently inhibited their migration and invasion toward LM‐511. Similarly, α3β1 integrin‐dependent migration and invasion of human MDA‐MB‐231 breast carcinoma cells toward LM‐511 were significantly inhibited by lebein‐1. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that LM‐511 contributes to the metastasis of breast tumors and suggest that targeting integrin‐LM‐511 interactions with lebein‐1 or other inhibitors of LM‐511 receptors may have therapeutic potential for patients with advanced breast cancer.
Oligomannurarate sulfate sensitizes cancer cells to doxorubicin by inhibiting atypical activation of NF‐κB via targeting of Mre11
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xin Xianliang , Chen Qin , Xie Zuoquan , Gui Min , Chen Yi , Lin Liping , Feng Jianming , Li Qiuning , Ding Jian , Geng Meiyu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAberrant regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) transcription factor is involved in cancer development, progression and resistance to chemotherapy. JG3, a marine‐derived oligomannurarate sulfate, was reported as a heparanase and NF‐κB inhibitor to significantly block tumor growth and metastasis in various animal models. However, the detailed functional mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report that JG3 inhibits NF‐κB activation by specifically antagonizing the doxorubicin‐triggered Ataxia‐telangiectasia‐mutated kinase (ATM) and the sequential MEK/ERK/p90Rsk/IKK signaling pathway but does not interfere with TNF‐α‐mediated NF‐κB activation. This selective inactivation of the specific NF‐κB cascade is attributed to the binding capacity of JG3 for Mre11, a major sensor of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSB). Based on this selective mechanism, JG3 showed synergistic effect with doxorubicin in a panel of tumor cells and did not affect immune system function as shown in the in vivo delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) and hemolysis assays. All these highlight the clinical potential of JG3 as a favorable sensitizer in cancer therapy. In addition, identification of Mre11 as a potential target in the development of NF‐κB inhibitors provides a platform for the further development of effective anticancer agents.
Leukocytes as paracrine regulators of metastasis and determinants of organ‐specific colonization
Authors: Erez Neta , Coussens Lisa M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIt is now well recognized that tumor cell–host interactions regulate all aspects of cancer development. Amongst the various host response programs that facilitate primary cancer development, an emerging body of literature points to a critical role for leukocytes and their soluble mediators as regulating discrete events during primary tumor development and metastasis. This review focuses on the multiple aspects of leukocytes and their effector molecules as regulators of the metastatic process.
Cell cycle‐dependent cytotoxicity and mitotic spindle checkpoint dependency of investigational and approved antimitotic agents
Authors: Birk Martina , Bürkle Alexander , Pekari Klaus , Maier Thomas , Schmidt Mathias 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe mitotic spindle checkpoint (SPC) is a highly regulated mechanism in eukaryotic cells that ensures the even distribution of the duplicated genome between daughter cells. Malfunction of the SPC or deregulated expression of SPC regulatory proteins is frequently associated with a poor response to chemotherapeutic agents. We investigated various approved and investigational mitosis‐specific agents, including spindle poisons, an Eg5 kinesin inhibitor, inhibitors of polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1) or Aurora‐B kinase, a benzamide class HDAC inhibitor and compounds identified in a chemical genetics screen for their cell cycle‐dependent cytotoxicities and for their activities toward SPC deficient (HT29, Caco‐2, T47D) and SPC proficient human cell lines (A2780, HCT116, SW480). Using the RKOp27 cell system that allows inducible cell cycle arrest by the tunable expression of the cdk inhibitor p27Kip1, we found an exquisite proliferation‐dependent cytotoxicity for all compounds except the aurora kinase inhibitor VX‐680. Cytotoxicity of the antimitotic compounds was in general higher on SPC proficient than on deficient cells. We found two exceptions, a benzamide HDAC inhibitor which was effective on SPC proficient and deficient cells and an investigational compound, BYK72767, with a yet unknown mode of action. The degree of increased mitotic index was no predictor of cytotoxicity of the compounds nor was the phosphorylation of BubR1. However, SPC deficient cell lines were able to tolerate mitotic arrest for far longer times than SPC proficient cells. We conclude that targeting of SPC deficient cancers with novel antimitotic principles remains a challenge but certain drug classes may be equally efficacious regardless of SPC status.
Anti‐tumor efficacy of naked siRNAs for ERBB3 or AKT2 against lung adenocarcinoma cell xenografts
Authors: Sithanandam Gunamani , Fornwald Laura W. , Fields Janet R. , Morris Nicole L. , Anderson Lucy M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe use of siRNAs against specific molecular targets has potential for cancer therapy but has been thought to be limited by the need for formulation to improve cellular uptake. Lung adenocarcinoma cells are markedly suppressed in culture by siRNAs to the receptor ERBB3 or its downstream signaling partner AKT2. We now demonstrate that naked, unformulated siRNAs to ERBB3 or AKT2, administered i.v. as saline solutions, 2 μg/g five times per week for 3 weeks (total dose 30 μg/g), were effective suppressors of growth of A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell xenografts in athymic mice, 12 mice per group, in four different experiments. ERBB3 and AKT2 siRNAs each inhibited growth by 70–90% on average, compared to saline‐treated or untreated controls; a nonsilencing siRNA was without significant effect. Lesser but significant effects were noted with a total dose of 12 μg/g. With the higher dose, effects persisted for several weeks after the end of treatment. Expected reductions of ERBB3 and AKT2 mRNAs and proteins occurred and correlated with decrease in tumor volume. There were no significant changes in serum cytokines. These results show that naked siRNAs to ERBB3 or AKT2 may have potential for lung cancer therapy.
The burden of cervical cancer in China: Synthesis of the evidence
Authors: Shi Ju‐Fang , Canfell Karen , Lew Jie‐Bin , Qiao You‐Lin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe burden of cervical cancer in China has not been characterized in detail. We reviewed cervical cancer data from national mortality surveys and registries, and conducted a meta‐analysis to estimate the prevalence of high‐grade lesions (HSIL) and high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) infections in rural Shanxi Province. We found that a national survey in the 1970s estimated age‐standardized cervical cancer mortality rates as ∼15 and ∼83/100,000 women nationally and in Xiangyuan, Shanxi; but the latest survey (2004–2005) found much lower rates of ∼3 and ∼7/100,000, respectively. IARC registries record age‐standardized cervical cancer incidence in China as <5/100,000 (1998–2002); but the five registry sites cover <2% of the population, and the gross domestic product per capita at each of the registry sites is higher than China's average (by a factor ranging from 1.3 to 3.9). The pooled estimate of the prevalence of HSIL and HR‐HPV in women aged 30–54 years in Shanxi was 3.7%(95%CI:2.7–4.8%) and 17.2%(95%CI:13.1–21.3%), respectively. Based on a feasible range informed by the incidence data for China and other unscreened populations, the predicted indicative annual number of new cervical cancer cases nationally, in the absence of any intervention, ranges from ∼27,000 to 130,000 (2010) to 42,000 to 187,000 (2050). In conclusion, recent data suggest comparatively low rates of cervical cancer incidence in China, which may be partly explained by the location of registry sites in higher socioeconomic status areas. However, the evidence is consistent with considerable heterogeneity within China, with a higher disease burden in some rural areas such as Shanxi. Therefore, the lower reported rates of cervical cancer in China should be interpreted cautiously.
Oct1 regulates cell growth of LNCaP cells and is a prognostic factor for prostate cancer
Authors: Obinata Daisuke , Takayama Ken‐ichi , Urano Tomohiko , Murata Taro , Kumagai Jinpei , Fujimura Tetsuya , Ikeda Kazuhiro , Horie‐Inoue Kuniko , Homma Yukio , Ouchi Yasuyoshi , Takahashi Satoru , Inoue Satoshi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in the development and the progression of prostate cancer. Alterations in the expression of AR coregulators lead to AR hypersensitivity, which is one of the mechanisms underlying the progression of prostate cancer into a castrate‐resistant state. Octamer transcription factor 1 (Oct1) is a ubiquitous member of the POU‐homeodomain family that functions as a coregulator of AR. In our study, the contribution of Oct1 to prostate cancer development was examined. Immunocytochemistry analysis showed that Oct1 is expressed in the nuclei of LNCaP cells. siRNA‐mediated silencing of Oct1 expression inhibited LNCaP cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical analysis of Oct1 expression in tumor specimens obtained from 102 patients with prostate cancer showed a positive correlation of Oct1 immunoreactivity with a high Gleason score and AR immunoreactivity (p = 0.0042 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Moreover, patients with high immunoreactivity of Oct1 showed a low cancer‐specific survival rate, and those patients with high immunoreactivities of both Oct1 and AR exhibited poorer cancer‐specific prognosis. Multivariate hazard analysis revealed a significant correlation between high Oct1 immunoreactivity and poor cancer‐specific survival (p = 0.012). These results demonstrate that Oct1 can be a prognostic factor in prostate cancer as a coregulator of AR and may lead to the development of a new therapeutic intervention for prostate cancer.
Long‐term overweight and weight gain in early adulthood in association with risk of endometrial cancer
Authors: Lu Lingeng , Risch Harvey , Irwin Melinda L. , Mayne Susan T. , Cartmel Brenda , Schwartz Peter , Rutherford Thomas , Yu Herbert 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLong‐term overweight and substantial weight gain over adulthood are known risk factors of endometrial cancer, but the timing of weight gain in relation to risk and the effect of weight change on age at diagnosis remain unclear. A population‐based case–control study was conducted to evaluate the long‐term effect of body weight on endometrial cancer risk. The study enrolled 668 incident cases and 674 population controls. Anthropometric features in each decade of adult life were ascertained through in‐person interview and analyzed for their associations with endometrial cancer using unconditional logistic regression. As expected, high body mass index (BMI) was significantly associated with increased risk. Women who were overweight or obese at the time of interview had adjusted odds ratios of 1.54 (95%CI 1.13–2.10) and 4.76 (95%CI 3.50–6.49), respectively, compared to women of normal weight. Similar associations were observed for BMI assessed at each decade of adult life. More importantly, women who were overweight (BMI ≥ 25) in their 20s or 30s and maintained the overweight throughout life had significantly higher risk than those who became overweight at ages 40s or 50s. Women with substantial weight gain (≥35%) in early adulthood (age 20s) developed the disease 10 years earlier than those without such weight change in early life. These observations further confirm the critical link between body weight and development of endometrial cancer.
A randomized controlled trial of mother–infant psychoanalytic treatment: I. Outcomes on self‐report questionnaires and external ratings
Authors: Salomonsson Björn , Sandell Rolf 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMother–infant relationship disturbances occur in three domains: maternal distress, infant functional problems, and relationship difficulties. They constitute common clinical problems. In Sweden, they are usually handled by nurses as part of public Child Health Centre care. Severe cases are referred to child psychiatry services. This randomized controlled trial compared two groups of mother–infant dyads in a Stockholm sample. One received only Child Health Centre care (the “CHCC” group) while the other received mother–infant psychoanalytic treatment plus CHCC (the “MIP” group). Eighty dyads of mothers and infants under 1½ years of age where the mothers had serious concerns about themselves in their role as mothers, their infants' well‐being, or the mother–baby relationship were randomly selected for either the MIP or the CHCC group. The primary outcomes were mother‐reported depression, mother‐reported infant functional problems, and interviewer‐based relationship assessments, all at 6 months after joining the project. Secondary outcomes were mother‐reported stress and general psychic distress, externally rated video‐recorded interactions, and the consumption of healthcare at the CHC, again all after 6 months. Intent‐to‐treat analyses of Treatment × Time effects significantly favored MIP treatment for maternal depression, mother–infant relationships, and maternal sensitivity. Effects were nearly significant on maternal stress, but nonsignificant on mother‐reported infant functional problems, general psychic distress, maternal interactive structuring and nonintrusiveness, infant responsiveness and involvement, and healthcare consumption. MIP treatment improved mother–infant relationships and maternal sensitivity and depression, all of which are known to influence child development. If effects persist and are reproduced, MIP treatment holds promise for more widespread use.