bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ambient Temperature on Physiological Responses to Incremental Exercise Test
Authors: Aleksander Tyka , Szczepan Wiecha , Tomasz Palka , Zbigniew Szygula , Anna Tyka , Tomasz Cison 
Published: January 2011

Effects of Ambient Temperature on Physiological Responses to Incremental Exercise Test
Physiological variables are regularly analyzed by coaches and sport scientists during an incremental exercise test (IET) until exhaustion. Physiological and biochemical responses of the body are modified upon exercising in the heat as well as results obtained in the IET. Heat changes the validity of these results to be used when prescribing or monitoring training processes and predicting performance in athletes
To determine the effect of ambient temperature on physiological responses, twelve physically active men completed IET on the cycle ergometer in three ambient temperatures: 23°C (T23), 31°C (T31) and 37°C (T37).
We measured continuously: rectal temperature (Tre) and aural canal temperature (Tac), heart rate (HR), O2 CO2 respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), and minute ventilation (VE). Blood samples for pl LA-
pf were taken before, at the end of each exercise step and 3 minutes after the test ended.
The exercise duration (DE) and energy expenditure (EE) to reach the threshold of decompensated metabolic acidosis (TDMA) decreased (p<0.05) in T31 (11.27 ± 3.03 minutes; 86.2 ± 24.2 kJ) and T37 (10.72 ± 2.76 minutes; 79.5 ± 21.3 kJ) in comparison to T23 (13.10 ± 2.30 minutes; 108.8 ± 23.9 kJ), with no differences observed in pl LA-
pf, VE, O2 or Tre. We observed an increase (p<0.05) in pl LA-
pf after tests in T31 (11.08 ± 1.89 mmol/L) and T37 (11.94 ± 2.25 mmol/L) in comparison to T23 (10.26 ± 2.30 mmol/L), with no differences observed in O2 max, end Tre, EE and DE to exhaustion.
The TDMA occurs faster and at a lower WL, while performing IET in 31°C and 37°C. Coaches sport scientists should consider these factors when conducting IET to assess the threshold level and performance of athletes.
The Short and Long Term Effects of Tibialis Anterior Local Cooling on Dorsiflexion Force
Authors: Pereira Luciano , Pereira Rafael , Neto Osmar , Magini Marcio 
Published: January 2011

The Short and Long Term Effects of Tibialis Anterior Local Cooling on Dorsiflexion Force
The goal of this study was to analyze and compare the superficial temperature, dorsiflexion force and electromyographic (EMG) signal of tibialis anterior muscle before and after superficial cooling application. Seventeen healthy untrained volunteers were divided into two groups. Subjects were submitted to seven procedures of maximal voluntary isometric contractions of dorsiflexion, once before and six times after thirty minutes of either superficial cooling of the anterolateral side of the leg with an ice pack (LC group) or rest (control group). Superficial temperature, dorsiflexion force and EMG of the tibialis anterior muscle were evaluated immediately, 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after cooling intervention. The results showed that the superficial temperature reduced significantly for 60 minutes post cooling, dorsiflexion force and amplitude of EMG signal was reduced only immediately after cooling application, whereas median frequency of EMG signal was significantly reduced up to 60 minutes post cooling application. The study concludes that superficial cooling with ice pack for thirty minutes can decrease the dorsiflexion force and EMG activity only immediately after the cooling application, while it causes a prolonged decrement on the superficial local temperature and on the median frequency of the EMG signal. These findings suggest that clinicians should be aware of the immediately alterations in motor output performance that result from muscle local cooling interventions which are followed by rapid recovery.
Actions with the Ball that Determine the Effectiveness of Play in Women's Football
Authors: Soroka Andrzej , Bergier Józef 
Published: January 2011

Actions with the Ball that Determine the Effectiveness of Play in Women's Football
Various actions with the ball performed by players during football matches encourage continuous research on game observation to be carried out. It is of special significance in providing information about players and their contribution to the effort of the whole team. Both quantitative and qualitative records enable transformation of the information obtained into data supporting training tasks. In the opinion of the authors, the determination of a winning team is affected to the greatest extent by qualitative factors in the form of coefficients of accuracy and efficiency of particular actions with the ball. A hypothesis was advanced in the study that in women's football there are ball actions whose quality of execution affects winning a match, and that there exists a specific ranking of their significance. Analyses were conducted for nearly 18,000 actions performed with the ball by 130 players, competitors in the European Women's Football Championship in 2005. Statistical tests applied in the study enabled differences between teams of winners and losers to be defined, whereas the analysis of a discriminant function indicated which qualitative factors were the most significant and had the greatest impact on winning a match. A specific hierarchy of the significance of those activities was also elaborated in the study. The most significant activities that affected the victory were: 1×1 play in defense, 1×1 play in offense, accuracy of passes and effective execution of dead-ball situations.
An Examination of Social Physique Anxiety with Regard to Sex and Level of Sport Involvement
Authors: Mülazimoğlu-Balli Özgür , Koca Canan , Aşçi F. 
Published: January 2011

An Examination of Social Physique Anxiety with Regard to Sex and Level of Sport Involvement
The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in social physique anxiety among competitive athletes, exercisers and non-exercisers. The present study was also aimed to examine the sex differences in social physique anxiety between men and women. Two hundred and fifty-five exercisers, 261 competitive athletes and 350 non-exercisers voluntarily participated in this study. Social Physique Anxiety Scale (Hart, Leary and Rejeski, 1989) was used as the measure of social physique anxiety. Results of the present study indicated significant differences in social physique anxiety with regard to sex and level of sport involvement. Men had lower scores on social physique anxiety than women, and competitive athletes and exercisers had lower social physique anxiety scores than non-exercisers. Social physique anxiety of males and females did not differ with regard to level of sport involvement.
Microstructure and properties of hard magnetic FeCr30Co8 alloy subjected to plastic deformation by complex loading
Authors: Korneva Anna , Bieda Magdalena , Korznikova Galija , Korznikov Aleksandr , Sztwiertnia Krzysztof 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The microstructural, mechanical and magnetic properties of FeCr30Co8 alloy in the a state were examined after upsetting, followed by torsion. The temperatures (750, 800, 850 and 900°C) and deformation rates corresponded to the superplasticity conditions of the Fe–Cr–Co alloys. Due to the torsional deformation, which was applied only to the bottom of the samples, a gradient microstructure was formed in the sections that were parallel to the upsetting direction. In the temperature range from 750 to 850°C, the deformation led to intermetallic r-phase precipitation. The maximum refinement of the microstructure and the maximum r-phase precipitation were observed in the material that was deformed at 800°C. Measurement of the magnetic properties showed a decreasing coercive force in the deformed alloy, in contrast to the mechanical properties of the samples after the magnetic treatment.
Tracing the growth rate changes during vertical directional solidification by electrical resistance measurements
Authors: Brunčko Mihael , Kneissl Albert C. , Anžel Ivan 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
At a constant alloy composition, the properties of directionally solidified material depend strongly on the evolution of its microstructure affected by the variation of growth rate V and the temperature gradient G in the vicinity of the solidification front. Several research groups are currently attempting to improve the directional solidification process with mathematical modeling and/or development of a sensor technology for in-situ monitoring of crucial solidification parameters during the process. In this paper the applicability and efficiency of the combined in-situ electrical resistance and temperature measurements for characterization of directional solidification of the eutectic Sn–Pb alloy is presented. Sensor technology shown in this paper exploits the large differences in the electrical resistivity of solid and liquid phases for determination of the current position X(t) and growth rate V(t) of the solidification front.
Thermochemical investigations in the tin–phosphorus system*
Authors: Ganesan Rajesh , Ciccioli Andrea , Gigli Guido , Ipser Herbert 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Phosphorus vapor pressures were measured over tin–phosphorus samples using two independent experimental techniques. Using an isopiestic method, data points were obtained between approximately 0 and 71 at.% P in the temperature interval from 618 to 998 K. Vapor pressures were also measured at lower temperatures over two twophase fields, i. e. in (L + Sn4P3) between 559 and 677 K and in (Sn4P3 + Sn3P4) between 552 and 621 K, by a Knudsen cell based mass loss technique. Based on these measurements partial thermodynamic properties and integral Gibbs energies were derived. The composition dependence of the phosphorus activity was also derived for three selected temperatures, 650, 700, and 750 K. Standard molar Gibbs energies of formation of Sn4P3, Sn3P4 and SnP3 were determined and are given by:

Δ
f

G
m
°

(

Sn

4

P
3

)

(
s
)

±
1.1
/
kJ
⋅

mol

−
1

=
−
166.5
+
0.2007

T
/
K

(

T
=
559
−
794

K

)

Δ
f

G
m
°

(

Sn

3

P
4

)

(
s
)

±
1.8
/
kJ
⋅

mol

−
1

=
−
234.4
+
0.3053

T
/
K

(

T
=
552
−
705

K

)

Δ
f

G
m
°

(

SnP

3

)

(
s
)

/
kJ
⋅

mol

−
1

=
−
113.0
+
0.1523

T
/
K

(

T
=
632
−
659

K

)
Tensile properties of ultrafine grained Mg-3%Al alloy studied at elevated temperature
Authors: Mallick Ashis 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the tensile behavior of ultrafine grained Mg-3%Al alloy. The bulk ultrafine grained Mg alloy was synthesized via consolidation of mechanical alloying. The grain size of the sample was calculated from X-ray diffraction line profile analysis. Tensile properties of ultrafine grained samples tested at temperatures of 25°C to 250°C are compared with that of a coarse grain microcrystalline sample. Plastic deformation of the ultrafine grained sample exhibits a combination of work hardening (15–48% plastic strain) and perfect plastic behavior characterized by a constant flow stress. At room temperature, the sample showed a gain in strength of about two times and enhanced ductility compared to the microcrystalline sample. The strain rate sensitivity was observed to be three times higher in the present ultrafine grained sample. A stress drop with increasing test temperatures was observed in both the samples. The effect of temperature on flow behavior in terms of work hardening rate, temperature sensitivity, ductility, yield strength, and tensile strength are also examined precisely. The present results show important evidence of the temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of the ultrafine grained Mg-3%Al alloy in comparison to the microcrystalline sample.
Microstructural evolution through hot working of the single-phase and two-phase Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Sahebdel Leila , Abbasi Seyed Mehdi , Momeni Amir 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The microstructural evolution of the alloy Ti-6Al-4V was analyzed after hot compression tests in the temperature range of 800–1150°C and the strain rate range of 0.001 s−1 to 1 s−1. The slope of work hardening and that of flow softening were conspicuously higher in the two-phase microstructure than those obtained in the single-phase β region. It was found that in the two-phase region the peak strain, the strain for highest rate of flow softening and the steady state strain were almost independent of the Zener–Hollomon parameter, Z. While in the single-phase region, characteristic strains were dependent on Z. The microstructural observations indicated that globularization in the α phase contributed to the flow softening. It was also shown that the kinetics of globularization decreased with strain rate. Otherwise, it was concluded that dynamic recrystallization comes into operation during hot deformation of the single-phase β microstructure. In the single-phase region the recrystallization softening and the average grain size diminished with strain rate and increased with temperature.
Mauss et sa vision de l'économie dans les années 1920-1925
Authors: Hart Keith 
Published: January 2011

Cet article juxtapose le journalisme financier de Mauss lors de la crise des taux d’intérêt de 1922-1923 et l’argumentaire de l’ Essai sur le don qui fut écrit au cours de la même période. Si Mauss a séparé son travail académique et poltique, les considérer ensemble est révélateur de l’homme et de sa vision économique dans cette période d’immense créativité personnelle et d’optimisme que fut l’immédiat après-Première Guerre mondiale.
Us et abus de la notion de fait social total.
Authors: Wendling Thierry 
Published: January 2011

Forgé par Marcel Mauss dans le cadre de l’ Essai sur le don , le concept de fait social total a été repris et appliqué à d’innombrables phénomènes sociaux. L’article s’interroge sur la pertinence d’un concept qui, généralement, ne sert qu’à valoriser l’objet de la recherche ou à revendiquer une approche de type anthropologique. Une relecture des textes de Mauss suggère alors l’importance que relevait pour le fondateur de l’ethnologie française la dimension morphologique du fait social total. Pour Mauss, le fait social total est un événement qui « assemble tous les hommes d’une société ». Pertinente à certains égards, cette définition s’avère cependant problématique dès lors que l’on considère les groupements humains (et entre autres les ethnies) dans une perspective non essentialiste.
Le langage et le don
Authors: Pierre Jacques 
Published: January 2011

Pour l’être humain, le langage n’est pas une institution parmi d’autres. Le langage constitue non seulement la matrice de toutes les autres sémiotiques humaines mais il démarque aussi la frontière entre l’humanité et les autres espèces animales. La « double articulation » qui caractérise en propre le langage humain lui permet en effet de construire un monde à travers des représentations, lors même que les sémiotiques monoplanes ne font que transmettre de l’information sur le monde où l’animal est immergé. Cette puissance de représentation n’est possible que parce que la double articulation ouvre dans la mise en forme de l’expérience par notre langage un espace de virtualité où les choses, en même temps qu’elles demeurent identiques à elles-mêmes, peuvent à chaque instant être pensées autrement, où la métaphore et la métonymie ne cessent d’inquiéter la catégorisation de la perception, rendre perméable les identités et problématiser notre rapport au réel. Or le don a essentiellement une fonction sémiotique dans la mesure où il nous permet de faire avec une telle expérience paradoxale, à la fois intérieure au langage et impossible à totaliser dans le discours, de surmonter cette béance dans notre rapport à l’autre par un crédit que les uns et les autres s’accordent mutuellement pour parvenir malgré tout à former une communauté langagière.
Le « don amoureux » de la proie est l'autre face de la « chance » du chasseur sibérien
Authors: Hamayon Roberte H. 
Published: January 2011

Cet article examine, à la lumière de la théorie du don, la vie de chasse telle qu’elle est conçue et pratiquée dans les petites sociétés autochtones de la forêt sibérienne. Leur conception de la chasse vise à justifier d’en vivre et à nier son aspect meurtrier. Elle consiste en un accord global entre les chasseurs et les esprits des espèces comestibles qu’ils imaginent pour servir de partenaires. Elle est fondée sur l’idée que l’animal gibier, perçu comme femelle, se donne lui-même (sa viande, à savoir son énergie vitale) au chasseur par amour pour lui ; en d’autres termes, la chance du chasseur reflète l’amour de sa proie. La chair du chasseur, à sa mort, nourrira en retour les esprits animaux. En transformant la « prise » humaine prédatrice en « don » de la proie animale dans l’économie de la chasse, cette conception obéit à la « triple obligation » maussienne, bien que de façon seulement partielle et fictive : « donner » est le fait de l’Autre (animal ou esprit), non de soi, et c’est en outre un don forcé et féminin.
L'esprit dans l'œuvre de Durkheim, Mauss et Hertz
Authors: Kwon Heonik 
Published: January 2011

Cet article compare la théorie maussienne du don comme moteur des solidarités humaines avec la conception durkheimienne centrée sur la transmission des ancêtres et celle de Hertz qui, au contraire, met l’emphase sur l’aspect créatif des interventions ponctuelles. L’attention est portée sur la manière dont chacun de ces membres fondateurs de l’École française de sociologie comprenait le rapport à l’« esprit », illustrée à travers l’exemple de la coutume vietnamienne du don d’argent aux esprits des ancêtres et des non-ancêtres.
Mauss as an ally in current debates over “neo- Darwinism: ” “Sociality” as Maussian drama
Authors: James Wendy 
Published: January 2011

Mauss comme allié au sein des débats actuels sur le « néo-darwinisme » : la « socialité » comme drame maussien Si des avancées considérables se font présentement dans le domaine des sciences de l’évolution, leurs « explications » du comportement humain demeurent partielles et controversées. À contre-courant de cette tendance dominante, les anthropologues du social qui souhaitent un dialogue avec les scientifiques peuvent s’appuyer sur la socialité humaine problématisée par Mauss en tant que théâtre. La « communauté » définie en tant que totalité productrice et reproductrice est le fruit du partage de conventions imaginées et ré-imaginées sur le temps, l’espace, la personne, le genre, ainsi que le fruit des échanges signifiants du langage, du travail et des biens si bien analysés par Mauss.
Le don à l'âge de la mondalisation
Authors: Pulcini Elena 
Published: January 2011

Si l’on assume le don comme le « troisième paradigme » entre le holisme et l’individualisme, repenser le don à l’âge de la mondialisation signifie en premier lieu repenser, soit l’individualisme, soit le holisme, pour en souligner les transformations (pathologiques) produites par la globalisation. L’individualisme n’est plus (seulement) définissable à travers le modèle utilitariste de l’ homo oeconomicus caractéristique de la première modernité, mais il prend une configuration entropique et narcissique : que l’on peut résumer par les figures exemplaires du spectateur (insécurité, impuissance) et du consommateur (illimitation, passivité). Le holisme assume la forme inédite du communitarisme, qui présente le plus souvent des configurations tribales, destructives et exclusives, fondées sur l’opposition nous-eux. On assiste donc à une polarisation entre le Moi (insécurité, illimitation, atomisme, indifférence) et le Nous (fusionnalité, entropie, violence) : entre l’absence de lien (et de pathos ) et l’ excès de lien (et de pathos ). Le don peut être vu en tant qu’événement, concret et symbolique, qui permet de recomposer cette polarisation : à la double pathologie de l’individualisme et du communitarisme (obsession du Moi-obsession du Nous), le sujet de don répond avec la relation Moi-Toi : il reconstruit le lien social dans la conscience de sa propre vulnérabilité et le respect de la singularité de l’autre.
Deux interprétations du bolchevisme : Marcel Mauss et Nikolaï Berdiaev
Authors: Gofman Alexandre 
Published: January 2011

Cet article propose une analyse comparative de deux théories du bolchevisme élaborées par Marcel Mauss et Nikolaï Berdiaev. Les deux auteurs ont fondé les mêmes dichotomies théoriques qui sont devenus paradigmatiques, à savoir objet/sujet ; nécessaire/accidentel ; national/non- ou inter-, ou anti-national ; traditionnel/non traditionnel ; volontaire/non volontaire. Mais tandis que Berdiaev insistait sur le premier terme de chaque opposition théorique, chez Mauss prédominaient les jugements mettant l’accent sur le second terme.
L'interdisciplinarité de Mauss : la fécondité de l'indologie
Authors: Allen J. 
Published: January 2011

Mauss a étudié le sanskrit avec un savant éminent, et il a enseigné l’indologie. Mais quelle importance cette formation a eu dans son œuvre et dans sa conception de la sociologie ? Cet article passe en revue les essais et les comptes rendus qui sont franchement ceux d’un indologue ; l’emploi de l’Inde dans les contextes qui visent l’histoire mondiale ; et quelques autres références. Grâce à Dumézil et à Dumont, l’orientation philologique de Mauss continue de féconder le comparatisme indo-européen d’aujourd’hui.
Bourdieu, un « héritier » paradoxal ?
Authors: Chanial Philippe 
Published: January 2011

Non seulement Bourdieu a souvent évoqué et cité Mauss, mais plus encore son œuvre et les concepts de sa sociologie ne sauraient être compris sans prendre en considération sa lecture de l’anthropologue français, et tout particulièrement de l’ Essai sur le don . Bourdieu n’est peut-être pas « maussien » mais à l’évidence un « héritier », paradoxal.
Flash‐Memory Effect for Polyfluorenes with On‐Chain Iridium(III) Complexes
Authors: Liu Shu‐Juan , Lin Zhen‐Hua , Zhao Qiang , Ma Yun , Shi Hui‐Fang , Yi Ming‐Dong , Ling Qi‐Dan , Fan Qu‐Li , Zhu Chun‐Xiang , Kang En‐Tang , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPolyfluorenes containing Ir(III) complexes in the main chain are demonstrated to have promising application in a polymer memory device. A flash‐memory device is shown whereby a polymer solution is spin‐coated as the active layer and is sandwiched between an aluminum electrode and an indium tin oxide electrode. This device exhibits very good memory performance, such as low reading, writing, and erasing voltages and a high ON/OFF current ratio of more than 105. Both ON and OFF states are stable under a constant voltage stress of −1.0 V and survive up to 108 read cycles at a read voltage of −1.0 V. Charge transfer and traps in polymers are probably responsible for the conductance‐switching behavior and the memory effect. The fluorene moieties act as an electron donor and Ir(III) complex units as the electron acceptor. Furthermore, through the modification of ligand structures of Ir(III) complex units, the resulting polymers also exhibit excellent memory behavior. Alteration of ligands can change the threshold voltage of the device. Hence, conjugated polymers containing Ir(III) complexes, which have been successfully applied in light‐emitting devices, show very promising application in polymer memory devices.