bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON THE BEHAVIOR AND ECOLOGY OF THE FACE FLY, MUSCA AUTUMNALIS (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)
Authors: Teskey H. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe face fly, Musca autumnalis De Geer, is continuously present in the field at Guelph, Ont., from April to late October, with peak populations occurring near 1 August. The flies enter buildings only to hibernate, the females doing so in an unfertilized, nulliparous condition. The flies feed only during the daylight hours and primarily on cattle and horses. Infestations on these hosts arc subject to wide daily and hourly variation dependent on temperature, light, precipitation, wind, and behavior of the host.Mating normally occurs as a result of males waiting at particular stations in the pasture to apprehend females flying past. Experiments and observations on a laboratory colony of face flies has disclosed other facets of their sexual behavior.Provided with a suitable proteinaceous diet the face fly can produce an average of 26 eggs per ovarial cycle and a probable maximum of near 230 eggs in a lifetime. Oviposition and (or) successful development will apparently occur only in bovine feces having a certain consistency. Face flies are among the first of the coprophagous insects to reach a dropping; arriving normally within 5 to 10 minutes of its deposition. The dropping remains suitable for oviposition for up to about 3 hours, depending on the rate of drying of its surface.Under normal summer temperature conditions eggs hatched within about 24 hours. The young larvae were initially restricted to the surface layers of the dropping by their respiratory requirements but by the end of the normal 5 to 7 day development period the larvae occupied the entire dropping. Mature third stage larvae pupated in the soil surrounding the dropping.Two hymenopterous pupal parasites Aphaereta pallipes (Say) and Xylaphora sp. accounted for approximately 10% mortality. Face fly adults were preyed upon by the staphylinid beetle Ontholestes cingulatus Gravelle, and the common dung fly, Scatophaga stercoraria (L.).
ARTIFICIAL DIET FOR MASS PRODUCTION OF THE CODLING MOTH, CARPOCAPSA POMONELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)
Authors: Brinton F. E. , Proverbs M. D. , Carty B. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn artificial diet for rearing the codling moth is described. It is a modification of a casein–wheat germ diet that was initially developed for the cabbage looper. Agar was replaced by a mixture of wood sawdust, wheat flour, and wood pulp. Growth of microorganisms was controlled by sorbic acid and aureomycin, and by lowering the pH of the diet to 3.5 with citric acid. Production cost for dietary ingredients was about $1/1000 moths. The moths were slightly smaller than those reared on apple. When confined in cages, the sterilized diet-reared moths were somewhat less competitive than the apple-reared insects. However, sterilized diet-reared male moths released in an apple orchard dispersed more rapidly than sterilized apple-reared males.
THE EFFECT OF PETROLEUM OILS ON ANJOU PEARS AND ON PEAR PSYLLA, PSYLLA PYRICOLA
Authors: Madsen Harold F. , Williams K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOrchex-796 oil and Volck Supreme oil at 2.5 gal per acre gave equal commercial control of adults and nymphs of the pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster, on Anjou pears. Control was better at 5 gal per acre but at this rate, both oils caused sporting and marginal burn on leaves and russet spots on the fruit of Anjou pears. The 2.5-gal rate caused slight leaf spotting, but no fruit injury.This indicates that the recommended rate of 6 gal of oil per acre for Bartlett pears cannot be used on the Anjou variety, and raises the question whether this high rate is necessary for pear psylla control.
THE INFLUENCE OF SPRAY PROGRAMS ON THE FAUNA OF APPLE ORCHARDS IN NOVA SCOTIA: XIX. APPLE RUST MITE, VASATES SCHLECHTENDALI, A FOOD SOURCE FOR PREDATORS
Authors: Herbert H. J. , Sanford K. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMaintenance of predacious arthropods in apple orchards requires both the judicious use of chemical sprays and the presence of adequate food supplies. When the common food source, the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), is depleted by either a selective chemical, such as Animert V-101, or by excessive activity of the predators, the apple rust mite, Vasates schlechtendali (Nal.), if present, provides an alternate food. This enables survival of sufficient numbers of predators to prevent resurgence of the red mite within the same season.
PERIODICITY IN THE PROPORTIONS OF HAEMOCYTE CATEGORIES IN THE GIANT COCKROACH, BLABERUS GIGANTEUS
Authors: Arnold J. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPhysical activity in Blaberus giganteus (L.) loosely follows a recurrent temporal pattern corresponding to the light–dark cycle. Differential haemocyte counts were made from serial blood samples taken before and after dark from individual adults in a brief attempt to determine whether the haemocyte population changed regularly also with this cycle. In 4 of the 16 individuals tested there was a substantial increase in the relative number of spherule cells and a somewhat proportional decrease in granular haemocytes after dark. In this species, these two haemocyte categories differ mainly in the size and composition of their cytoplasmic inclusions. The proportional change in their numbers is therefore considered to be the result of chemistry rather than a shift in populations of entirely separate kinds of cells. Retention of the two categories may be useful for indicating physiological changes in the blood. It seems possible that the cyclic change in numbers indicated here for these categories is more usual than shown, but is not revealed by the method employed. It seems sufficiently large however to warrant consideration in the design and interpretation of experiments relating to haemocyte populations.
THE LARVAE OF SOME SPECIES OF THE GENUS STENOPORPIA FROM ARIZONA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: Poole Robert W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe larvae of 11 species of the genus Stenoporpia (Geometridae: Lepidoptera) from Arizona are described, figured, and keyed. On the basis of the known larvae, Stenoporpia can be divided into four very distinct species-groups, one feeding on species of oak, and the other three on conifers. Temporal displacement was found in four species of Stenoporpia feeding on ponderosa pine at the Fort Valley Experimental Forest near Flagstaff, Ariz. The sensory papillae of the maxillary palpi are investigated as a taxonomic character. A list of all of the known foodplants of the species of the genus is given.
CANADIAN AMBER — A PALEONTOLOGICAL TREASURE-CHEST
Authors: McAlpine J. F. , Martin J. E. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAmber of Cretaceous Age from Canada is an exceptionally fine source of well-preserved fossils of a wide variety of insects and related animals. Since these fossils can yield much information about the forms of, and conditions for, life in the Cretaceous Period some 75 million years ago, they represent a highly interesting and valuable scientific resource.The history, relative abundance, nature, biological origin, and significance of Canadian amber is reviewed and related to similar aspects of European or Baltic amber. Reported occurrences of amber in Canada (about 50) are assembled and some 350 arthropod inclusions discovered in the amber collections made thus far are tabulated, with respect to their origins, classification, and present location. The article contains one map, two tables, and 16 figures.
SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS IN THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS IPS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Lanier Gerald N. , Cameron E. Alan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe sexes of all but three of the North American species of Ips DeGeer can be separated reliably using characters on the frons, vertex of the head, protibiae, or declivital armature. In general, these secondary sexual characters are consistent within Hopping’s species groups.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF ALNIPHAGUS ASPERICOLLIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Borden John H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe alder bark beetle, Alniphagus aspericollis (LeConte), is bivoltine on Burnaby Mountain, B.C. The principal spring attack occurred in May and the second generation attack from mid July to early August. Mature adults overwinter in shallow galleries underneath the bark while larvae, pupae, and callow adults overwinter in the brood galleries. Sporadic emergence occurred in warm periods throughout the winter but the first egg galleries were not observed until early March. Windfalls and standing trees were attacked.Adult sexes can be distinguished by the fused (female) or separate (male) seventh and eighth abdominal tergites. Females attack the host first and are soon joined by the males. Single egg galleries extending about 8 cm parallel to the length of the bole are most common. Eggs are laid on both sides of the gallery; the larvae mine outward at right angles to the egg gallery and then usually up or down the bole. Adult gallery construction and oviposition and larval mining habits were observed through plexiglass–bark "sandwiches," and are similar to those in the genus Ips. Pupation occurs in a chamber in the inner bark. Maturation from egg to callow adult required a minimum of 8 weeks.
CHEMOTAXONOMIC STUDIES OF ANTS: VOLATILE COMPOUNDS
Authors: Vick K. , Drew W. A. , Young J. , McGurk D. J. , Eisenbraun E. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe gas chromatograms of some of the volatile chemicals found in the following ants are presented: Pogonomyrmex barbatus (F. Smith), Forelius foetida (Buckley), Conomyrma pyramica (Roger), Iridomyrmex pruinosus analis (E. André), Tapinoma sessile (Say), Trachymyrmex septentrionalis obscura (Wheeler), Pheidole dentata Mayr, Acromyrmex versicolor (Pergunda), and Novomessor cockerelli (E. André). The data and methods are presented to demonstrate their potential value as taxonomic characters in the study of ant systematics.
EFFECTS OF DIETARY AMINO ACIDS, SALTS, AND PROTEIN STARVATION ON FECUNDITY OF THE PARASITOIDEXERISTES COMSTOCKII(HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)
Authors: Bracken G. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFeeding tests with adultExeristes comstockii(Cresson) showed that each of the 10 amino acids commonly recognized to be "essential" is required for egg production. Fecundity on a diet where only these 10 constituted the amino acid component equalled that on the control diet which contained 19 amino acids. Fecundity was reduced by 80% on diets in which Na+was substituted for K+and by one-third when K was the only mineral added. Omission of Mn2+or Ca2+from, or addition of Zn2+to, the control salt mixture (Wesson’s) did not affect fecundity. Females fed the control (chemically defined) diet or its 10% dilution (sucrose content maintained) for 30 days in the absence of host larvae laid more eggs initially when hosts were supplied than did females fed 1% control diet, honeydew, or 10% sucrose for a similar period. Thus, forE.comstockii, only food with a relatively high quantity and quality of amino nitrogen fed during absence of host larvae will significantly increase initial fecundity when such hosts are later encountered. This knowledge affects treatment of parasites when being held before release in biological control programmes.
THE INFUSCATUS AND DISPAR GROUPS OF THE SPIDER GENUS PHILODROMUS IN NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES (ARANEIDA: THOMISIDAE)
Authors: Dondale C. D. , Redner J. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe infuscatus group comprises 20 species and 2 subspecies. The group is wholly American, the main habitats occurring in the dry parts of the U.SA. and Mexico. Only Philodromus infuscatus Keyserling reaches Canada, while a few species are neotropical. P. droseroides Schick is divided into P. d. droseroides of California and P. d. arizonensis ssp. n. of Arizona. Similarly P. infuscatus is divided into P. i. infuscatus of eastern U.S.A. and P. i. utus Chamberlin of western U.S.A. The following are described as new species: P. pratarioides, P. harrietae, P. mississippianus, P. separatus, P. tortus, P. probolus, P. infectus, P. longiductus, P. breviductus, P. pseudanomalus, P. mexicanus, and P. cavatus. P. dispar Walckenaer, a species introduced from the Old World, is the sole American representative of the dispar group.
LASPEYRESIA PSEUDOTSUGAE N. SP. (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), A BARK MINER IN DOUGLAS-FIR
Authors: Evans David 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA 5-year study of Laspeyresia pseudotsugae n. sp. (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) yielded considerable data on the habits, life history and immature stages of this insect, which gained attention because of its conspicuous bark-mine scars on the trunks of young Douglas-fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco. The mines are not deep enough to cause serious damage. L. pseudotsugae has a 1-year life-cycle. Three species of ichneumonid parasites were recovered, and several predators were identified.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE FACE FLY, MUSCA AUTUMNALIS (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE), IN WESTERN CANADA AND THE RELATION BETWEEN ITS ENVIRONMENT AND POPULATION DENSITY
Authors: Depner K. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe range of the face fly, Musca autumnalis De Geer, has extended from the site of its first North American occurrence in Nova Scotia in 1952 to the northern half of the United States from coast to coast and every province in Canada. The first recorded appearance in Western Canada was at Virden, Man., in 1964 and it has since become established in eastern Saskatchewan. Face flies moved from Washington and Idaho into British Columbia in 1966. In 1967 they spread to most areas of the southern half of British Columbia and into southwestern Alberta through the Crowsnest Pass. Moisture and shade in pastures influenced the numbers of face flies seen on cattle and resulted in higher numbers than under dry prairie conditions.
THE ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE MESO- AND META-THORACIC LEGS OF DIPRION SIMILIS (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE) WHEN REARED UNDER CERTAIN PHOTOPERIODS
Authors: Baker W. V. , Atwood C. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn account is given of some malformations affecting the meso- and meta-thoracic legs of Diprion similis Htg. after larvae were reared at certain photoperiods.
FLIGHT ORIENTATION IN A COREID SQUASH BUG (HETEROPTERA)
Authors: Govind C. K. , Burton A. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFlight orientation about the yaw axis (induced by rotation of a striped bowl) in the squash bug,Anoplecnimes curvipes(Heteroptera), is brought about by differential changes in wing-stroke amplitudes and wing-stroke planes of the two sides. The metathoracic leg of the inner side in a turn is displaced in the transverse plane while the contra-lateral leg remains in the normal flight posture. The probable mode of control of the two wing parameters effecting yaw is discussed.
COMPARISON OF FLIGHT AGGREGATION IN TWO SPECIES OF SOUTHERN IPS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Mason Richard R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractComparisons were made of frequency distributions of Ips avulsus (Eichh.) and Ips grandicollis (Eichh.) caught in window traps while these species were attacking fresh pine slash. Relationships between mean and variance of trap data indicated that the flight of I. avulsus was more highly aggregated than the flight of I. grandicollis. Three different indices of aggregation were calculated which quantitatively expressed the degree of flight aggregation in each species. Degree of aggregation during attack may be an index of aggressiveness since it determines beetle density which influences attack success on a living host. The relatively high degree of flight aggregation of I. avulsus may partly explain why this species is more frequently a killer of live trees than is I. grandicollis.
RHYTHMIC EMERGENCE PATTERNS OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Watson J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLogs of lodgepole pine (Pinus conforta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) supporting immature Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins were maintained under conditions of non-fluctuating temperature and light. The rate of emergence of the adult beetles exhibited a rhythmic, possibly circadian, emergence pattern. When the temperatures fluctuated the emergence rate was always greatest in higher temperature.
THE STYLETS OF THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID, ADELGES PICEAE (HOMOPTERA: ADELGIDAE)
Authors: Forbes A. R. , Mullick D. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe morphology and fine structure of the stylets, labial clamp, and crumena of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), are described from sections studied in the electron microscope.
THE BIOLOGY OF A BIRCH LEAF MINER, MESSA NANA (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE), NEW TO CANADA
Authors: Lindquist O. H. , Thomson M. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMessa nana Klug, a European birch leaf miner which was previously reported in northeastern United States, was recently discovered in southeastern Ontario. Its life cycle and some immature stages are described.
AN AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF ENDOCRINE ACTIVITY FOLLOWING FRONTAL GANGLIONECTOMY IN VIRGIN FEMALES OFMELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES(ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Gillott C. , Dogra G. S. , Ewen Al B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe synthetic ability of type-A neurosecretory cells (NSC) and corpus allatum (CA) was investigated autoradiographically in both normal virgin females and those from which the frontal ganglion had been removed. Incorporation of3H-cystine and3H-uridine into the NSC was significantly lower in frontal ganglionectomized insects than in controls. There appeared to be no relationship between the level of isotope uptake and the amount of stainable material in the NSC. Ability of the CA to incorporate3H-uridine seemed unaffected by the operation.
REARING WOOD-BORING BEETLES (CERAMBYCIDAE) ON ARTIFICIAL DIET
Authors: Gardiner L. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOver 50 species of Cerambycidae have been reared on artificial diet, 17 of them from the egg. The method, which is described, has proved useful in reducing rearing time in the production of larvae and pupae for taxonomic purposes. It has also demonstrated the occurrence of diapause in some species of Cerambycidae. Other potentially fruitful lines of investigation, made feasible by this method, are suggested.
THE IMMATURE STAGES AND PHYLETIC POSITION OF GLUTOPS ROSSI (DIPTERA: PELECORHYNCHIDAE)
Authors: Teskey H. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe larva and pupa of Glutops rossi Pechuman are described. Because of their remarkable similarity to the same stages of Pelecorhynchus Macquart, as well as many similarities in their adults, the genus Glutops Burgess is transferred from the Xylophagidae to the Pelecorhynchidae.
DOSE DEPENDENCE OF THE RATE OF PENETRATION OF TOPICALLY APPLIED DDT-C14 INTO THE HOUSE FLY
Authors: Poonawalla Zainab T. , Quraishi M. Sayeed 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPenetration of topically applied DDT-C14, at dosages varying between 35 and 2900 nanograms, into individual house flies was studied at 2, 6, and 24 hour intervals. The rate of penetration was found to be dose dependent and not exponential even when nanogram quantities of the chemical were used.
BIOSYSTEMATICS OF NORTH AMERICANIPS(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): HOPPING’S GROUP IX
Authors: Lanier G. N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractControlled mating experiments demonstrating total reproductive isolation, together with consistent differences in morphological and cytological detail, confirmed the validity of the closely related group IXIps:grandicollis,cribricollis,lecontei,montanus,confusus,paraconfusus, andhoppingi. The latter two species, new to science, were formerly considered to beconfusus.Matings betweengrandicollisfrom eastern Canada and North Carolina were subnormally fertile; other intraspecific matings between individuals of the same population or distant populations produced fully fertile progeny. Interspecific pairings usually resulted in insemination and normal-appearing egg galleries, but, with one exception, none of the eggs hatched.Onemontanusand twoconfusus, each mated by males of the same species, produced all-daughter broods. This "sex-ratio" condition appeared to be the result of a matrilineally transferred cytoplasmic factor lethal to male embryos only.At first meiotic metaphase all species had the karyotypic formula 15 AA + Xyp, and onlygrandicolliswas easily differentiated by bivalent configuration or size sequence. Most other species showed diagnostic differences at meiotic prophase or second meiotic metaphase. Pairing disruptions and anaphase bridges occurred ingrandicollisinterpopulational hybrids; meiosis was normal in progeny from interpopulational pairings ofconfusus,paraconfusus, andmontanus.Ingrandicollisthe median struts of the male genitalia were 1.5 times longer than the median lobe. The struts/lobe ratios for other species approximated 1.00 but differences for most comparisons between species were statistically significant. The shape of the pars stridens on females was different for most species and mean widths of striations thereon ranged from 0.517 μ forparaconfususto 0.876 μ forlecontei. This character provided absolute discrimination of females ofconfususfrom those ofparaconfususandhoppingibut the latter two species were most easily separated by differences in the density of punctures in the elytral declivity.It is hypothesized that contiguous allopatry and differences in host and ecological specialization, evidenced in species of group IX, is maintained by their high propensity for interspecific mating which fails completely to produce progeny.
THE HISTOLOGY OF THE GIANT FIBRE SYSTEM IN THE ABDOMINAL VENTRAL NERVE CORD OF THE DESERT LOCUST
Authors: Seabrook W. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSchistocerca gregaria possess four neurones of giant fibre proportions within the abdominal ventral nerve cord. These fibres arise from single cell bodies in the terminal ganglionic mass and pass without interruption to the metathoracic ganglion. Fibres become reduced in diameter when passing through a ganglion. Branching of the giant fibres occurs in abdominal ganglia 6 and 7.
A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF FOOD CONSUMPTION AND GROWTH IN PSEUDALETIA UNIPUNCTA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Mukerji M. K. , Guppy J. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), reared on corn foliage, were found to vary in the rate they were able to feed, grow, and attain maturity. Mortality varied inversely with the rate of food intake. In the fifth and sixth instars, there was a direct linear relationship between rate of food intake and daily growth, and rate of food intake and daily development. A variance of 78 to 96% in final weights of the two stages was explained by the combined effect of initial weights of larvae, food supply, duration of feeding, and food ingested. Fecundity increased with the rate of food intake of the larvae.When P. unipuncta feeds at a high rate, it is able to accelerate development, increase growth, and maintain a high reproductive potential. When the rate of food intake is low, development, growth, and fecundity are reduced for the sake of survival.
THE IDENTITIES OF THREE CLOSELY RELATED WESTERN SPECIES OFPROSIMULIUM(DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: Peterson B. V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe identities of three closely related species,Prosimulium dicum,P.exigens, andP.dicentum, described by Dyar and Shannon in 1927, are clarified. Keys for the separation of the adult, pupal, and larval stages of these species are given. Also presented is a brief review of the literature for each species. A redescription of the female and first descriptions of the male, pupa, and larva ofP.dicentumare provided and important taxonomic features illustrated. A lectotype is designated forP.dicum.