bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FLOW-Alaiz benchmark for coupled terrain and array interaction flow models. Baseline Results
Authors: Sanz Rodrigo J , Oxley G , Tobias Olsen B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The FLOW-Alaiz benchmark is established to enhance flow models in complex terrain, building on insights and datasets from previous IEA Task 31 benchmarks around the same test site. The new benchmark aims to create a composite validation dataset by gathering measurements from different periods, notably, the New European Wind Atlas (NEWA) ALEX17 experiment and the Alaiz Site Calibration (SC) campaign. The overall study focuses on wind conditions relevant to siting, power performance, and energy yield prediction. Initial results use industry-standard flow models as baselines such as SiteFlow and PyWAsP/PyWAsP-CFD, all in neutral steady-state conditions. Public datasets, documentation, and evaluation scripts are available in the FLOW-Hub repository to provide transparency on the evaluation methodology while private data is kept on SGRE premises for blind testing. Baseline results focus on cross-predictions and wind profiles for the North and South sectors. Cross-predictions reveal challenges in the NEWA case due to large elevation differences and complex flow interactions in the valley, while SC campaigns show better performance in more realistic siting conditions. Wind profiles for neutral conditions generally align with expectations with main limitations in the wake of flow-separation and forest canopy zones. A comparison with vertical profiles from the ALEX17 Diurnal Cycles benchmark highlights potential improvements from high-fidelity mesoscale-to-microscale modeling, revealing distinct variations in wind shear and profile characteristics when stability is used to categorize the atmospheric conditions.
Comparing methods for coupling wake models to an atmospheric perturbation model in WAYVE
Authors: Devesse Koen , Stipa Sebastiano , Brinkerhoff Joshua , Allaerts Dries , Meyers Johan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
As offshore wind farms grow in size, the blockage effect associated with the atmospheric gravity waves they trigger is expected to become more important. To model this, recent research has produced an Atmospheric Perturbation Model (APM), which simulates the mesoscale flow in the atmospheric boundary layer at a low computational cost compared to traditional methods. However, as a simplified reduced-order model, it can not resolve individual turbine wakes, and has to be coupled to an engineering wake model to predict farm power output. Over the years, three coupling methods have been developed, and been combined into the open-source framework WAYVE. This paper compares them, discussing both their theoretical validity and their performance. For the latter, we validate the velocities and power outputs predicted by WAYVE against 27 LES simulations. We find that the velocity matching (VM) and the pressure-based (PB) methods perform the best. Of these two, the VM method is more consistent with the APM output, while the PB method has a significantly lower computational cost.
Enhanced Wind Farm Maintenance Scheduling Including Wake Effects
Authors: Santos Pereira R B , Bussolati C , Fonseca F C , Lourenço A , Medda R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
With the expansion and dissemination of offshore wind farms, the costs associated with asset maintenance and operation become ever more relevant. Among maintenance activities, preventive interventions represent a significant share of the costs and, as opposed to corrective interventions, may be calendarized according to the farm operator’s strategy. In an offshore wind farm there is often aerodynamic interaction between different machines, namely as a given upstream turbine extracts energy from the wind, it will necessarily reduce the energy available for a turbine that is downstream in the farm. This is broadly referred to as wake effects. The relative proximity of turbines within a farm means such an interaction results in lower energy yield for downstream turbines. Maintenance activities require the shutdown of the turbine, hence the turbine under maintenance effectively produces no wake effect. It follows that, depending on weather conditions, the sequence of wind turbines to be deactivated for large preventive maintenance campaigns may impact the total energy production of an offshore wind farm, especially when the wind direction is considered. The present study investigates the potential of incorporating wake effects in the scheduling of offshore wind farm maintenance activities, considering a reference farm layout and using historical climate data for a real offshore site. Different maintenance scenarios are considered, including distinct maintenance vessels and different intervention criteria. Results show there is a small but relevant potential gain in energy yield when the maintenance scheduling is determined including wake effects, with annual energy production increase of up to 0.18% for the parametric values considered.
Need For Speed: Fast Wind Farm Optimization
Authors: Sarcos Maria , Quick Julian , Hahmann Andrea N. , Alonso-De-Linaje Nicolas G. , Davis Neil , Friis-Møller Mikkel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Wind in my Backyard (WIMBY) project is developing a web interface to aid communities in siting wind energy projects. As part of this siting tool, users will be able to find realistic wind farm layouts for any proposed site in Europe, given certain constraints. When designing this tool, there arises a need for speed: realistic layouts must be designed in computational times that are appropriate for a web interface. In this study, we compare two optimization algorithms: a gradient-based algorithm, referred to as stochastic gradient descent (SGD), and a gradient-free method, referred to as smart-start. The trade-offs between the optimal energy yield and optimization computational time are characterized via a parameter sweep, considering a site in Denmark. This analysis considered farms with 10, 25, and 50 turbines. We find that smart-start yielded the best results for very short computational times, and that SGD yielded layouts with higher energy yields when considering larger computational times.
Advancing weather predictions for offshore wind farm maintenance through deep learning
Authors: Dighe V. V. , Liu Y. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Historical met-ocean data are widely used in the decision support tools to evaluate different operations & maintenance (O&M) strategies for offshore wind energy. Although effective, they are often very limited, which may not be able to represent prolonged offshore weather conditions at the wind farm sites. This hinders their application to the O&M planning. In this paper, a deep learning approach is proposed to build up the stochastic weather generator, in which the long short-term memory neural network is leveraged to simulate wind and wave time series data. The neural network is trained using the (limited) historical met-ocean dataset to accurately capture the statistical characteristics of wind and wave conditions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed stochastic weather generator in delivering both open-loop and closed-loop forecasting for wind speed and significant wave height data, thereby supporting both corrective and preventive maintenance activities. The case study reveals that the open-loop forecast excels in short-term hourly met-ocean parameter predictions, while the closed-loop forecast proficiently captures the met-ocean patterns within a predefined window. Although the closed-loop forecast for wave parameters generally follows the measurements trend, it diverges from the actual measurements; a discrepancy likely due to the complex spatial-temporal dynamics of waves not completely captured by the LSTM model. The proposed LSTM model, considered as a complementary but connected solution, is able to enhance the utility of the limited historical data in O&M planning.
The global blockage effect of a wind farm cluster - an LES study
Authors: Meijer J , Steinfeld G , Vollmer L , Dörenkämper M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The interaction of wind farm clusters with the atmospheric flow is complex. It comes along with phenomena that have still not been fully understood in detail. However, having an understanding of the flow is a prerequisite for the derivation of models that can accurately and with limited computational resources replicate the most prominent features of the flow. This study exploits large-eddy simulations (LES) to create a better understanding of the wind farm cluster blockage under a set of different atmospheric conditions. The specific wind farm cluster consists of three wind farms, with a relatively narrow gap between the two northernmost wind farms. Results reveal that under conventionally neutral boundary layers, the induction zone relatively large is when there is a low atmospheric boundary layer height with a strong temperature inversion. In our LES study, wind speed is reduced between 2% and 4% 2D upstream of the front row of the wind farm, while inside the gap of the wind farm cluster, there is an acceleration of the wind speed. Comparatively, blockage for a solitary row or single wind turbine is similar and smaller than for a whole cluster. On average, turbines in the front row of a cluster produce 5.1% less power than a single turbine.
Enhancing Wind Farm Efficiency Through Active Control of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer’s Vertical Entrainment of Momentum
Authors: Ferreira Carlos , Bensason David , Broertjes Thomas J. , Sciacchitano Andrea , Martins Flavio A. C. , Ajay Adhyanth Giri 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn contemporary wind farm design, the primary focus has traditionally been on reducing wake interference to optimize energy capture from horizontal wind flows. However, with the scaling up of wind farms, their interaction with the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) evolves, making vertical entrainment the main mechanism for the exchange of momentum and energy. This study introduces a methodical approach to augment the efficiency of large-scale offshore wind farms by actively controlling this vertical entrainment of momentum within the ABL. The strategy involves the precise engineering of advection fluxes to alter wind flow dynamics, utilizing turbines as effective vortex generators, toward a process of ”regenerative wind farming.” This setup aims to create a vorticity and vertical flux system akin to those observed in highly unstable ABLs. Expanding upon previous studies that focused on single Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs), our research explores the implementation of multi-rotor systems equipped with lift-generating wings. These systems are designed to exert forces perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction, thus creating trailing vortices and directing the flow orthogonally for improved vertical advection. This research is part of a comprehensive investigative framework that combines experiments and multifidelity simulations. The current study extends those findings to wind farm simulations, aiming to assess the impact of ABL control on a full wind farm scale. The first part of the work validates an established analytical wind farm performance model against real wind farm data for thirty-one wind farms in the North Sea and Baltic Sea. The results confirm the predicted trend of decreased performance with increased wind farm size and density. The model is used to calculate the performance of a wind farm for varying regimes of vertical entrainment due to the creation of large-scale circulatory systems. The results are compared against 3D vortex simulations of the full wind farm in ”regenerative wind farming” mode. Our results demonstrate a notable improvement in wind speeds at the turbine hub height and the potential to double the feasible density of wind farms without compromising efficiency compared to traditional setups. These findings suggest a promising pathway towards a more sustainable and profitable future in wind energy, achieved through the strategic manipulation of ABL momentum, regenerating the energy in the wind farm.
Prediction of the Slagging and Fouling of Indonesian Coal with Hard Wood from Central and East Java
Authors: Suyatno  , Ghazidin H , Samudra H E , Ruhiyat A S , Prayoga M Z E , Darmawan A , Prabowo  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Indonesia as an agricultural country has abundant biomass potential, especially wood waste in Java. The prospect of co-firing is considered ideal to overcome the problem of coal use in boilers. This is also in line with supporting the Indonesian government program in increasing the use of renewable energy. Samples of coal co-firing with wood waste from Central Java and East Java were selected for this study. Furthermore, blending between coal and wood biomass from Central and East Java with a composition ratio of (25%:75%) and (50%:50%). Furthermore, it is predicted based on the risk tendency of slagging and fouling. The risk of slagging, fouling, abrasion, and corrosion with theoretical index. In general, increasing the composition of coal blending with hardwood increases the tendency of slagging and fouling. However, blending coal with hardwood from Central Java at a mixture of (25%:75%) can be recommended because it has a low risk of slagging and fouling.
Garden Waste for Sustainable Development in Indonesia
Authors: Supriatna N. K. , Aminuddin  , Zuldian P. , Hesty N. W. , Aprianti N. , Handayani H. , Alamsyah R. , Surjosatyo A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The world continues to grapple with the multifaceted challenges of waste management. Indonesia faces a growing challenge: garden waste makes up 13% of unmanaged waste (4.2 million tons in 2022). With a legal mandate for extensive green spaces, this waste stream is likely to increase. This study assesses the potential of garden waste across Indonesia and explores utilization technologies. We explore options for sustainable utilization by analyzing existing waste management data and leveraging relevant research. Preliminary findings suggest substantial garden waste volume with potential for biofuels and other valuable products, contributing to low-carbon development in Indonesia.
Influence of photoanode pre-heating treatment temperatures prior to dye immersion process on dye-sensitized solar cells photovoltaic performances
Authors: Hatta Mohammad , Azizah Evi Nur , Rabelsa Gita , Hidayat Jojo , Pranoto Lia M. , Shobih  , Budiawan Widhya , Ardy Nugroho Ferry Anggoro , Firdaus Yuliar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Several efforts of photoanode treatment, such as surface modification, doping introduction, defect engineering, and heating treatment, have been developed to improve the photovoltaic performances of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Amid these options, alternative routes that require less demanding conditions are highly sought. Here we introduce an effective and convenient, non-vacuum low-temperature procedure to enhance the DSSC’s photovoltaic performances by photoanode pre-heating treatment prior to the dye immersion process. The experimental result showed that pre-heating treatment at 120 °C improves the efficiency and short-circuit current by about 28.4% and 19.1%, respectively. The conducted transient photovoltage measurements revealed that the increase of pre-heating temperatures leads to a longer electron lifetime and higher charge collection efficiency.
Mapping of Household Photovoltaic Research in Indonesia: A literature review using bibliometric analysis
Authors: Damayanti S , Dinaseviani A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This research aims to undertake a bibliometric study on household photovoltaics within the Indonesian context. The objectives include mapping the global trends in publications related to household photovoltaics, mapping the trends within the Indonesian context, analyzing the performance of authors, affiliations, sources, and papers, identifying research hot topics, and determining research themes. This study utilized 122 Scopus-indexed articles. The findings reveal an increasing trend in the number of publications on household photovoltaics both globally and within the Indonesian context. In the Indonesian context, Tarigan, E stands out as the most relevant author, the University of Indonesia emerges as the most relevant affiliation, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science leads as the most relevant source, Renewable Energy takes the lead as the most influential source, and article title ’Energy and Economic Losses Caused by Dust on Residential Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Deployed in Different Climate Areas,’ stands out as the most influential. This study identified five themes as hot topics (Photovoltaic Quality and Performance, Economic Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems, Net Metering and Inverter of Rooftop Photovoltaic in Indonesia, Monitoring System of Residential Solar Panels, and Technical and Economics of Solar Power Plants) and four research themes (The Adoption of Household Rooftop Photovoltaics and Influencing Factors, Design and Planning for Rooftop Solar Panel Deployment, Rooftop Photovoltaics Adoption and Renewable Energy Targets, and Economic Analysis of Rooftop Photovoltaic).
2D Geological Structure Identification in Mount Ciremai Geothermal Area using the GGMplus Data.
Authors: Yasmin H S , Pirzada S J , Sahroni T R , Soekarno H , Pranoto B , Puspa A D , Alfisah  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
West Java’s Mount Ciremai holds substantial geothermal potential, marked by hot spring manifestations, which can be an alternative energy source. This research utilizes the GGMplus satellite gravity method, employing First Horizontal Derivative (FHD), Second Vertical Derivative (SVD), and 2D inversion to analyze the geothermal area’s geological structure and subsurface conditions. The results reveal fault structures, including reverse and normal fault types in Mount Ciremai. Specific details for both the Pejambon and Sangkanhurip lines and the Pejambon and Ciniru lines indicate distinct layers with varying densities (2.4 – 2.7 g/cm3) and depths. These layers comprise pyroclastic flow deposits, andesite-basaltic rock, caprock (clay rock), and a reservoir (sandstone), shedding light on the geothermal potential of this region.
The Role of Thermal and Electrical Energies to Increase the Pepper Quality: A Review
Authors: Rustandi Dadang , Irmansyah  , Wijonarko Sensus , Kurniati Mersi , Maftukhah Tatik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIndonesia is one of the most prominent pepper producers and consumers worldwide. Indonesian pepper quality, however, is still low. The pepper’s low-quality problem is caused by the processing that still uses the traditional (conventional) method. This study reviews many techniques that have the potential to improve pepper quality. The review result from the references shows that waiting time (delaying) in the ripening process can increase the pepperine level from 4.33 % to 6.60 %. The pepperine level is the most vital parameter to show pepper quality. However, a more comprehensive result that compares the conventional and non-conventional methods for all kinds of pepper quality parameters still could not be obtained.
Influences of pH control in the organic liquid fertilizer production using MASARO technology
Authors: Abidin A Z , Steven S , Siregar N S , Hutahaean A C , Yemensia E V , Otivriyanti G , Wardani M L D , Mulyono M , Soekotjo E S A , Sasongko N A , Djamal M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Indonesia’s food security compels the government to develop food and land intensification as a long-term national program. It cannot be denied that food productivity is closely related to fertilizer demand considering that Indonesia is an agricultural country. However, to date, 86.5% of Indonesian farmers rely on synthetic fertilizers which are adverse to the environment. On the other hand, Indonesia is the 2nd largest food waste producer and most of them are still unprocessed. Therefore, a practical solution to overcome this problem is to offer the application of MASARO technology. This technology can convert 1 kg of degradable waste into 10 L of organic liquid fertilizer so that it can increase agricultural productivity while replacing the role of synthetic fertilizers. In the organic liquid fertilizer production process, pH is an important parameter of the entire fermentation process where the value should be in the range of 3.9-4.2. However, the manual process still requires a long production duration, 28 days, because of pH value overshoot. By implementing a pH control system, the duration of organic liquid fertilizer production can be cut by 57% (from 672.8 hours to 288.6 hours) so the effect is proven can provide optimal and effective fermentation.
Combination of waste processing between MASARO plastic refinery unit and maggots technology
Authors: Steven S , Dwiputra G A , Affan M K A , Soekotjo E S A , Syamsudin E , Nadirah N , Sasongko N A , Yemensia E V , Abidin A Z 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The evaluation of MASARO plastic refinery unit and maggots waste processing strategies’ efficacy, environmental impact, and economic analysis is at the center of the issue formulation in this study. Waste processing through MASARO plastic refinery unit requires incinerators, pyrolysis, and wet scrubber units. On the other side, maggots are used in waste processing because of their capacity to swiftly degrade the waste without negative impacts on the environment. Waste reduction is a parameter that can be used to measure the performance of waste processing. The percentages of waste reduction achieved by using MASARO plastic refinery unit can surpass 90% whereas maggots can range from 65.5% to 78.9%. The environmental impacts of MASARO plastic refinery unit and maggots technology are low. The flue gas qualities from MASARO plastic refinery unit are almost below threshold limits so it does not harm the environment. Likewise, waste processing using maggots has almost no negative impacts due to low emissions of CO2, CH4, SO2, and N-element. From an economic point of view, the MASARO process can provide an annual revenue of $3,840,000. Meanwhile, the anticipated annual revenue from waste processing using maggots is $55,000 if they are sold for $1000 per ton.
The Humane Perspective
Authors: Cottingham John 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis introductory chapter, specially written for the volume, describes the overall aims of the book. It explains how the ‘humane philosophy’ agenda aims to be grounded in the realities of human practice and performance, and pervasively informed by experiential engagement with those realities. It references the work of Iain McGilchrist, Bernard Williams, Sigmund Freud, Martha Nussbaum, Eleonore Stump, and Judith Wolfe, in arguing for a more emotionally and imaginatively engaged form of philosophy, which goes beyond abstract argumentation so as to draw on all the resources available the human mind. As an appendix to the chapter, there is a conspectus of the volume, setting out its main sections—‘Manifesto and Method’; ‘Morality and Meaning’; ‘Science and its Limits’; and ‘Reaching for the Transcendent’—and providing an overview of the argument in each of the chapters.
Happiness, Temporality, and Meaning
Authors: Cottingham John 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter argues that there is an implicit temporal or diachronic dimension in ascriptions of happiness, and that assessments of happiness involve evaluating a whole human life. The contribution to happiness of a given episode depends on its fitting into a pattern of moral significance, so that it can be seen retrospectively as constituting a stage in the individual’s growth towards fulfilment. A further stage in the argument draws on the Freudian notion of Nachträglichkeit, which conveys the idea of something’s being ‘carried over’ from the past, with the added implication that something is retroactively ‘added on’. If the full significance of key events in life is often only available retrospectively, this casts doubt on traditional philosophical models of happiness based on autonomous planning and rational self-sufficiency. A more psychologically nuanced approach, acknowledging our human vulnerability, may open the way to a richer conception of happiness.