bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meganuclease targeting herpes simplex virus protects against viral endothelitis : An organ culture model
Authors: CHAPELLIER BC , LABETOULLE M , ARNOULD S , SMITH J , SAHEL JA , GABISON EE 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Despite advances in antiviral therapies, past history of HSV keratitis is associated with poor prognosis of subsequent penetrating keratoplasty.The aim of this study is to assess the antiviral property of a meganuclease targeting HSV in the prevention of HSV endothelitis.Methods Normal rabbit corneas were placed in organ culture using an immersion method and transduced by a recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) allowing constitutive expression of meganucleases targeting HSV‐1 genome or containing the same expression cassette with a non‐coding sequence. These organs were then submitted to infection by recombinant HSV‐1 F(1) virus equipped with a LacZ expressing cassette at M.O.I. 0.001 to 0.1% in liquid or semi‐solid medium. Infection rates for plaques or cells in endothelium were established by immunostaining of envelope protein gD or X‐gal staining after the end of first or second lytic cycle.Results Meganuclease targeting the ICP0 gene which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in viral reactivation and replication did not change infection rates in the present organ culture model, but reduced the average size of plaques in endothelium with a decrease of 27‐46%. Conversely, the meganuclease directed against the major capsid protein UL19 lowered the number and size of plaques, both being reduced by half at M.O.I. 0.001%. Consequently, the expression of a meganuclease in endothelium, evidenced by RT‐PCR, could either reduce infectious particle production or induce cell resistance to HSV‐1.Conclusion These meganucleases are currently checked for their anti‐infective properties in an in vivo model of endothelitis.
Cultivated oral mucosa epithelium transplantation (COMET) in bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency
Authors: DOBROWOLSKI D , WYLEGALA E , WOWRA B , ORZECHOWSKA‐WYLEGALA B 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To present results of COMET technique in corneal surface reconstruction in bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency.Methods Study group: 13 patients (17 eyes) suffering from limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) after chemical burns (7 eyes) or from aniridia related LSCD (10 eyes). Preoperative vision was ranged from hand movements to 0,05. Oral mucosa epithelium was collected and tripsinized. Single cells were seeded on denuded amniotic membrane. Cultures were carried in standard conditions in supplemented DMEM HAM/F12 mixture medium in presence of inactivated 3T3 fibroblasts for 8 days. Histologic examination and immunostaining for epithelial cytokeratins confirmed epithelial origin before transplantation. After superficial keratectomy carries with stratified epithelium were transplanted on the denuded corneas. Corneal surface stability was evaluated as well as visual outcomes.Results Postoperative follow‐up ranged from 6 to 12 months. 6 months after surgery 76,4 % of eyes showed stabile epithelium. In 23,5 % of eyes corneas reminded cloudy due to recurrent conjuctival neovascularization or stromal haze. All failed grafts were from ocular burns patients group. Visual acuity ranged from hand movement to 0.4.Conclusion COMET is a new method for bilateral corneal epithelial disorders offering the patient satisfactory stabilization of the corneal surface.
Topical application of autologous adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for persistent sterile corneal epithelial defect
Authors: AGOROGIANNIS GI , KYMIONIS G , ALEXAKI VI , CASTANA O , CASTANAS E , PALLIKARIS IG 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To report a patient with post‐traumatic persistent sterile corneal epithelial defect treated with topical application of autologous AdMSCs.Methods A 35‐yr‐old man was referred to our clinic for treatment of post‐traumatic persistent corneal epithelial defect previously treated as infection. 1 yr before CxL was performed for keratoconus stabilization. Examination showed a central corneal epithelial defect with stromal opacification and thinning. Corneal sensitivity was decreased, while corneal scraping cultures were negative for bacterial or fungal infection. Despite conventional treatment (patching, artificial tears, soft contact lens & autologous serum) no corneal epithelial healing progress occurred 50 days after injury. A PKP was scheduled due to risk of corneal perforation. While waiting for graft, we proposed to the patient the alternative treatment of autologous AdMSCs. IRB was obtained and approved from the Hospital.Results Corneal epithelial healing process was started 10 days after topical application of MSCs, isolated through liposuction. 1 month later, complete corneal epithelial healing was observed. 1 yr later, corneal epithelium remained intact with mild anterior stromal opacification. The patient’s current UCVA lies between 6‐7/10.Conclusion Topical application of autologous adipose‐derived MSCs seems to promote corneal epithelial healing in a patient with persistent sterile corneal epithelial defect refractory to other treatments. Differentiation or trans‐differentiation of MSCs into corneal epithelial/stromal cells and/or production of trophic factors could be possible mechanisms behind the corneal healing process.
Optical coherence tomography in retinal detachment cases
Authors: KAMPANAROU SA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To report the contribution of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the assessment of macular pathology following retinal detachment surgery.Methods OCT imaging was employed to assess macular pathology following pars plana vitrectomy or scleral buckling for the management of retinal detachment cases.Results The presence of persistent subretinal fluid, cystoid macular oedema and the formation of epiretinal membranes or macular holes were demonstrated during optical coherence tomography imaging postoperatively. In the era of spectral domain OCT greater attention has also been directed in the evaluation of any alteration, and/or disruption of the junction line between photoreceptor inner and outer segments and in the external limiting membrane. An attempt has also be made to correlate the anatomical results following surgery with visual recovery.Conclusion OCT imaging enhances the visualization of macular anatomy following retinal detachment surgery. A correlation between anatomical and functional results can be established in some cases.
Macular holes after retinal detachment surgery
Authors: XIROU T 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To study the incidence, characteristics and management of Macular Holes (M.H.) developing after retinal detachment repair.Methods The records of 4 patients with M.H. following retinal detachment were reviwed. All patients underwent three‐port pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane removal, 14% C3F8 gas tamponade with post‐operative face down positioning for two days.Results Macular holes were diagnosed from 1 to 9 months post‐operatively. Macular hole closure was achieved in all patients. Functional improvement was compromised by pre‐existing macular pathology.Conclusion Macular holes may develop after retinal detachment repair and they can be managed with conventional M.H. surgery.
Pneumatic retinopexy complications
Authors: PARIKAKIS EA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To review the incidence of new and missed retinal breaks, the risk for PVR formation and the danger of other intraoperative or postoperative complications after pneumatic retinopexy (PR) for retinal detachment comparing with those after scleral buckling procedure and vitrectomy.Methods All cases having undergone PR in our clinic during the last 8 years for primary retinal detachment or redetachment were reviewed for intraoperative or / and postoperative adverse events. The findings were compared with those from the literature which studied in any prospective or retrospective way the complications after PR, scleral buckling and vitrectomy for retinal detachments without PVR.Results Improper gas entrapment (anteriorly, subretinal or subconjuctival) and high intraocular pressure were observed intraoperatively or soon after the procedure. New retinal breaks and PVR development were the most common findings in the late postoperative period.Conclusion The relatively high incidence of new breaks suggests that proper case selection and close follow‐up are probably required. PR seems to be the method of choice after retinal redetachment due to missed retinal breaks after vitrectomy.
Initial experience of a nationwide ruthenium‐106 and iodine‐125 ocular brachytherapy service in Ireland
Authors: WALKER C , LANGAN B , HORGAN N , CUNNINGHAM M , GRUNNER E , MCCLEAN B 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose St. Lukes Hospital, Rathgar, Dublin 6, Ireland has recently implemented an Ocular Brachytherapy Service using both Ruthenium‐106 and Iodine‐125 plaques. This work will summarize the initial experience of the hospital in these treatment modalities and provide information on some of the challenges experienced by a new centre performing this technique. Outline plans for the future of the service will also be presented.Methods Between September 2010 and June 2011, twenty six patients received a plaque treatment at St. Lukes Hospital. Six of these were Iodine‐125 cases, while twenty used Ruthenium‐106. A multi‐disciplinary pre‐planning procedure using BEBIGs "Plaque Simulator" software identifies treatment durations. This group consists of a Physicist, Consultant Ophthalmologist and a Consultant Radiation Oncologist with the goal of fitting both plaque insertions & removals into designated weekly theatre slots. Following this, a comprehensive plancheck analysis is performed. Post‐treatment, a delivered plan is generated by a Physicist and signed by the clinical team. A yearly delivery of Ruthenium plaques is scheduled; information is given on plaque types, number of uses and plans for Year Two. NPL calibrations were used as a second‐check in Year One with an in‐house method involving a stereotactic diode proposed for Year Two.Results Nine months into the program, tumour regression in the initial patients is already being observed. Procedures have been streamlined to satisfy designated theatre slots where possible and to maximise throughput of patients. A second‐check calculation procedure for Ruthenium plaques has been devised; however the long‐term plan proposes a greater proportion of Iodine treatments due to the timing flexibility this provides. The in‐house method of calibration shows promise, however further investigations are required before it is suitable for clinical use. This work is ongoing.Conclusion An Ocular Brachytherapy service has been successfully implemented in St Lukes Hospital that is providing both Ruthenium‐106 and Iodine‐125 treatments to patients across the Republic of Ireland. As the service matures and further intra‐departmental training takes place, the facility will be well prepared to handle both an increase in capacity and complexity while performing treatments to a high standard.
Progression of Electroretinogram Responses in Stargardt‐Fundus Flavimaculatus: A longitudinal study
Authors: FUJINAMI K , MICHAELIDES M , LOIS N , WEBSTER AR , HOLDER GE 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To investigate the progression in Stargardt‐fundus flavimaculatus (S‐FFM) by repeated clinical and electrophysiological examination.Methods A longitudinal study of 59 patients with S‐FFM was undertaken. The mean age at the initial examination was 31.6 years; mean follow‐up interval was 10.5 years. Electrophysiological tests included pattern and full‐field electroretinogram (ffERG); clinical ophthalmic examinations were performed. Patients were classified into 3 groups as previously published (Lois et al, 1999); Group 1 had dysfunction confined to the macula; Group 2 had macular and generalized cone dysfunction; Group 3 had macular, generalized cone and generalized rod dysfunction. Initially, there were 27 patients in Group 1, 16 patients in Group 2, and 16 patients in Group 3. The data obtained at follow‐up were compared with those originally obtained. An amplitude reduction of > 50% or a peak time shift of >3 ms for the 30Hz flicker ERG or bright flash a‐wave were considered clinically significant. Molecular analysis of the ABCA4 gene showed likely disease causing variants in 30/40 patients.Results During follow‐up, 3/27 patients from Group 1 progressed to Group 2, and 2/27 patients to Group 3. Eight of 16 patients of Group 2 progressed to Group 3. Significant deterioration in ERG was observed 13/59 patients. Electrophysiological progression occurred in 22% of Group 1, 50% of Group 2, and 100% of Group 3.Conclusion All patients with initial rod involvement demonstrated clinically significant electrophysiological deterioration; only 20% of the patients initially having normal ffERGs showed significant deterioration. These data confirm and elucidate the role of ffERG in the prognosis of patients with S‐FFM.
The importance of dark adapted cone function in ERG interpretation
Authors: HOLDER GE 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The ISCEV Standard for ERG does not include a measure of dark‐adapted cone function. Prior to the introduction of the Standard, use of a red flash under dark‐adapted conditions was a well‐recognised part of ERG but its use appears subsequently to have declined. The purpose of the presentation is to demonstrate the importance of the dark‐adapted red flash ERG in clinical ERG interpretation.Methods Retrospective case based presentation. Use of a red flash under dark adaptation can evoke an ERG in which there the early part of the waveform arises from the dark‐adapted cone system and the latter part of the waveform from the rod system. The intensity of the red stimulus can be adjusted so that the rod‐system derived part of the waveform has an amplitude similar to that of the rod specific ERG b‐wave (DA 0.01).Results Cases will be shown where use of the dark‐adapted red flash ERG enabled an improved interpretation of the bright flash ERG (DA 11.0). Disorders addressed will include fundus albipunctatus; vitamin A deficiency; RGS9 mutation (“bradyopsia”) and retinitis pigmentosa. An electronegative ERG waveform can occur arising in dark adapted cones, consistent with the so‐called “photopic hill” phenomenon occurring in dark adapted cones exposed by an absence of rod function. The DA 11.0 ERG a‐wave can reach in excess of 150µV under such circumstances, giving the potential for misdiagnosis of a form of inner retinal dysfunction such as may occur in CSNB.Conclusion The ISCEV Standard ERG waveforms are intended as a minimum data set. Use of a red stimulus under dark adaptation is a valuable addition to that data set and may prevent misinterpretation of the ISCEV Standard ERGs. The decline in the use of this ERG appears unjustified in routine clinical practice.
Colour Vision in Stargardt Disease
Authors: VANDENBROUCKE T , BUYL R , DE ZAEYTIJD J , UVIJLS A , DE BAERE E , LEROY BP 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To investigate the type and severity of colour vision deficiencies (CVDs) in Stargardt disease (STD). And, to establish how the degree of CVD relates to best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), full field ERG (ffERG) and duration of disease.Methods A retrospective, cross‐sectional study of 97 patients with a clinical diagnosis of STD included a comprehensive medical history and a full clinical work‐up, with extensive colour vision testing. Eight patients underwent anomaloscopy. ABCA4 was screened in 92 patients.Results Patients were allocated to 5 BCVA groups and to 3 ffERG groups. Normal colour vision was found in almost 30% of patients. R/G CVDs increased as BCVA declined. More than 50% had a deutan type R/G CVD, although protan R/G CVDs became progressively apparent as BCVA decreased. A predominance of pseudoprotanomaly was evident only on anomaloscopy. Additional Blue/Yellow (B/Y) CVDs were noted in 25% of patients. B/Y CVDs and BCVA higher than 0.75 were seen in adult‐onset STD. CVDs evolve to scotopization in patients with low BCVA and/or longstanding disease. Duration of disease did not correlate well with CVDs. Also, no statistically significant differences in ERG results were found between groups with or without a CVD.Conclusion Since colour vision function is better correlated to BCVA than either disease duration or ffERG, it is a rather reliable indicator of disease severity. The presence of CVDs may help to establish an early diagnosis of STD.
Herpes simplex virus
Authors: KHAIRALLAH M , ATTIA S , NAHDI I 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Herpetic simplex anterior uveitis (HSAU) is a major infectious entity. Prompt diagnosis of HSAU is essential, usually based on typical clinical features. Treatment is based on antivirals and corticosteroids.Methods Review of clinical features, outcomes, and management of HSAU.Results HSAU is typically acute and unilateral disease, with patients suffering from blurred vision, photophobia, pain, and redness. Inactive or active corneal involvement is often associated. The corneal sensation can be decreased relative to the controlateral cornea. However corneal involvement can be absent.Inflammation is more often granulomatous, and the typical herpetic keratic precipitates (KPs) are large, flat and usually do not respect the Arlt’s triangle, but tend to accumulate on the central corneal endothelium. Anterior chamber cells and flare of varying degrees of severity, with or without posterior synechiae, are noted. Iris atrophy and pupillary distortion are common. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is also frequently observed and is very suggestive. The IOP rise is related to acute trabeculitis. The course tends to be recurrent. Laboratory tests are necessary especially in patients with atypical clinical presentation. Detection of viral DNA in ocular fluids by PCR is the gold standard for the laboratory diagnosis of HSAU. The key to successful treatment of HSAU is the use of topical corticosteroids combined with systemic antivirals for the treatment of recurrences followed by prophylactic antiviral therapy combined with low‐dose corticosteroid drops. Visual prognosis might be good, especially in patients who have only anterior uveitis without corneal deseaseConclusion An increased awareness of the characteristic clinical features and the role of PCR for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important.
Cytomegalovirus
Authors: BODAGHI B 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCytomegalovirus‐associated anterior uveitis is a recently described entity. Based on the PCR‐analysis of the aqueous humor, the diagnosis may be confirmed in patients with unilateral hypertensive anterior uveitis with mild iris atrophy but without posterior synechiae. Two different subtypes of the disease have been reported so far. It has been shown that more than 50% of cases of Posner‐Schlossman syndrome are CMV‐induced. The type and distribution of keratic precipitates are major clinical elements for the diagnosis of the infection. Interestingly, retinitis has never been described in this group of patients and none of them is immunosuppressed. In Europe, the association of FUuchs heterochromic cyclitis and CMV has not been confirmed. Rarely, PCR tools are insufficient and local antibody production may help diagnostic confirmation. The most important issue remains the therapeutic management of these patients. Specific anti‐CMV drugs have been proposed but the route of administration, the dosages and the duration of therapy remain controversial. Topical anti‐CMV drugs are promising but rarely efficient as an induction regimen. Systemic valganciclovir is highly efficient and proposed for at least 2 months with a close follow‐up to detect any further relapse.
Anterior uveitis with intraocular fluid analysis positive for Rubella virus
Authors: WILLERMAIN F , WENSING B , JUDICE RELVAS L , VIDOVIC VALENTINCIC N , STUNF S , DE GROOT‐MIJNES J , ROTHOVA A , CASPERS L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To compare the clinical characteristics and visual prognosis of patients with anterior uveitis (AU) with intraocular fluid analysis positive for Rubella virus (RV), Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) or Varicella Zoster virus (VZV) in order to discriminate rubella virus AU from herpes virus AU.Methods Retrospective, observational study.Clinical records of 106 patients with anterior uveitis and positive Polymerase chain reaction and/ or Goldmann‐Witmer coefficients for RV (n=57), HSV (n=39) and VZV (n=10) were analyzed. Demographic constitution, ophthalmological characteristics and visual prognosis were compared.Results All three types of viral AU were characterized by unilateral involvement (80‐97%). RV‐AU was characterized by younger age at onset and chronic course, and was typically associated with cataract at presentation. Heterochromia was present in 23% of RV‐AU patients. AU associated with HSV or VZV infection occurred characteristically in older patients and frequently followed an acute course. Associated clinical features included conjunctival redness, corneal edema, history of keratitis and development of posterior synechiae. HSV‐AU had more often severe AU whereas the presence of vitritis was more common in RV‐AU and VZV‐AU. The prevalence of documented IOP above 30mm Hg (25‐50%, P=0.06) and development of glaucoma (18‐30%, P=0.687) were similar in all three groups. Retinal scarring was seen in 22% of RV‐AU eyes, 0% HSV‐AU eyes and in 11% of VZV‐AU eyes Visual prognosis was favorable for all three groups.Conclusion Our results point out clinical differences between RV‐AU, HSV‐AU and VZV‐AU and might be especially of value to ophthalmologists who lack the possibility of intraocular fluids analysis to discriminate rubella virus AU from herpes virus AU.
The Project of “Virus‐induced anterior Uveitis”
Authors: ZIERHUT M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To summarize the clinical signs of virus‐induced anterior uveitis and to compare our understanding with the results of a Symposium recently hold in Berlin, comparing proven to unproven cases of herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (clinically like Posner‐Schlosman Syndrome), and rubella virus (clinically the picture of Fuchs heterochromic uveitis).Methods Presentation of typical signs and symptoms of anterior uveitis which may be viral induced. This will include secondary glaucoma, keratitis, iris color changes, synechiae, complications like cataract and macular edema.Results Typically viral induced anterior uveitis only sometimes leads to posterior synechiae (HSV, VZV), mostly to a mild anterior chamber inflammation, and very rarely to macular edemaConclusion We plan a worldwide prospective trial for reaching more information about the role of virus in anterior uveitis, with tap of the anterior chamber and evaluation of the antigen and the antibody response.
Extraskeletal chondroma of the palpebral conjunctiva : A case report
Authors: JUNGJIN L , HYOJEONG K , SANGWROUL S 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To report one rare case of soft tissue chondroma of palpebral conjunctiva.Methods A 34‐year‐old female presented with one year history of a slowly enlarging painless mass arising in the left eye. There was no history of trauma or any medical problems. Physical examination revealed a placoid mass of the upper palpebral conjunctiva of the left eye. It was firm, round with 3.0mm diameter and not infiltrative with good‐defined margins.Results Excisional biopsy revealed a white hard tumor with no pus. Histological examination showed a neoplasm composed pilosebaceous glands and fibrous connective tissue with focal cartilage. The histopathology report was benign chondroma. At one month follow‐up, the patient was asymptomatic without infection and any evidence of recurrence.Conclusion This is one rare case of chondroma of palpebral conjunctiva. And no other cases were reported before in literature.