bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sur certaines singularités d’hypersurfaces 𝐼𝐼
Authors: Barlet Daniel 
Published: August 2011

The aim of the present article is to construct analytic invariants for a germ of a holomorphic function having a one-dimensional critical locus

S
S

. This is done for a large class of such germs containing for instance any quasi-homogeneous germ at the origin. More precisely, aside from the Brieskorn

(
a
,
b
)

(a,b)

-module at the origin and a (locally constant along

S
∗

:=
S
∖
{
0
}

S^* : = S \setminus \{0\}

) sheaf

H

n

\mathcal {H}^n

of

(
a
,
b
)

(a,b)

-modules associated with the transversal hypersurface singularities along each connected component of

S
∗

S^*

, we construct also

(
a
,
b
)

(a,b)

-modules “with supports”

E
c

E_c

and

E

c
∩

S

′

E’_{c \cap \, S}

.

An interesting consequence of the local study along

S
∗

S^*

is the corollary showing that for a germ with an isolated singularity, the largest sub-

(
a
,
b
)

(a,b)

-module having a simple pole in its Brieskorn-

(
a
,
b
)

(a,b)

-module is independent of the choice of a reduced equation for the corresponding hypersurface germ.

We also give precise relations between these various

(
a
,
b
)

(a,b)

-modules via an exact commutative diagram. This is an

(
a
,
b
)

(a,b)

-linear version of the tangling phenomenon for consecutive strata we have previously studied in the “topological” setting for the localized Gauss-Manin system of

f
f

.

Finally we show that in our situation there exists a non-degenerate

(
a
,
b
)

(a,b)

-sesquilinear pairing
\[

h
:
E
×

E

c

∩

S

′

⟶
|

Ξ
′

|
2

h : E \times E’_{c\,\cap \, S} \longrightarrow \vert \Xi ’ \vert ^2

\]
where

|

Ξ
′

|
2

\vert \Xi ’ \vert ^2

is the space of formal asymptotic expansions at the origin for fiber integrals. This generalizes the canonical hermitian form defined in 1985 for the isolated singularity case (for the

(
a
,
b
)

(a,b)

-module version see the recent 2005 paper). Its topological analogue (for the eigenvalue

1
1

of the monodromy) is the non-degenerate sesquilinear pairing
\[

h
:

H

c

∩

S

n

(
F
,

C

)

=
1

×

H
n

(
F
,

C

)

=
1

→

C

h : H^n_{c\,\cap \,S}(F, \mathbb {C})_{=1} \times H^n(F, \mathbb {C})_{=1} \to \mathbb {C}

\]
defined in an earlier paper for an arbitrary germ with a one-dimensional critical locus. Then we show this sesquilinear pairing is related to the non-degenerate sesquilinear pairing introduced on the sheaf

H

n

\mathcal {H}^n

via the canonical Hermitian form of the transversal hypersurface singularities.
Holomorphic maps from rational homogeneous spaces onto projective manifolds
Authors: Lau Chi-Hin 
Published: August 2011

In [Math. Ann. 142, 453-468], Remmert and Van de Ven conjectured that if

X
X

is the image of a surjective holomorphic map from

P

n

\mathbb {P}^n

, then

X
X

is biholomorphic to

P

n

\mathbb {P}^n

. This conjecture was proved by Lazarsfeld [Lect. Notes Math. 1092 (1984), 29-61] using Mori’s proof of Hartshorne’s conjecture [Ann. Math. 110 (1979), 593-606]. Then Lazarsfeld raised a more general problem, which was completely answered in the positive by Hwang and Mok.

Theorem 1 ([Invent. math. 136 (1999), 209-231] and [Asian J. Math. 8 (2004), 51-63]). Let

S
=
G

/

P

S=G/P

be a rational homogeneous manifold of Picard number

1
1

. For any surjective holomorphic map

f
:
S
→
X

f:S\to X

to a projective manifold

X
X

, either

X
X

is a projective space, or

f
f

is a biholomorphism.

The aim of this article is to give a generalization of Theorem 1. We will show that modulo canonical projections, Theorem 1 is true when

G
G

is simple without the assumption on Picard number. We need to find a dominating and generically unsplit family of rational curves which are of positive degree with respect to a given nef line bundle on

X
X

. Such a family may not exist in general, but we will prove its existence under a certain assumption which is applicable in our situation.
Reconstructing the architecture of the ancestral amniote genome
Authors: Ouangraoua Aïda , Tannier Eric , Chauve Cedric 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Motivation: The ancestor of birds and mammals lived approximately 300 million years ago. Inferring its genome organization is key to understanding the differentiated evolution of these two lineages. However, detecting traces of its chromosomal organization in its extant descendants is difficult due to the accumulation of molecular evolution since birds and mammals lineages diverged.
Results: We address several methodological issues for the detection and assembly of ancestral genomic features of ancient vertebrate genomes, which encompass adjacencies, contiguous segments, syntenies and double syntenies in the context of a whole genome duplication. Using generic, but stringent, methods for all these problems, some of them new, we analyze 15 vertebrate genomes, including 12 amniotes and 3 teleost fishes, and infer a high-resolution genome organization of the amniote ancestral genome, composed of 39 ancestral linkage groups at a resolution of 100 kb. We extensively discuss the validity and robustness of the method to variations of data and parameters. We introduce a support value for each of the groups, and show that 36 out of 39 have maximum support.
Conclusions: Single methodological principle cannot currently be used to infer the organization of the amniote ancestral genome, and we demonstrate that it is possible to gather several principles into a computational paleogenomics pipeline. This strategy offers a solid methodological base for the reconstruction of ancient vertebrate genomes.
Availability: Source code, in C++ and Python, is available at http://www.cecm.sfu.ca/~cchauve/SUPP/AMNIOTE2010/
Contact: cedric.chauve@sfu.ca
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Modelling the effect of size on the aerial dispersal of microorganisms
Authors: Wilkinson David M. , Koumoutsaris Symeon , Mitchell Edward A. D. , Bey Isabelle 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim  We investigate the long‐standing question of whether the small size of microbes allows most microbial species to colonize all suitable sites around the globe or whether their ranges are limited by opportunities for dispersal. In this study we use a modelling approach to investigate the effect of size on the probability of between‐continent dispersal using virtual microorganisms in a global model of the Earth’s atmosphere.Location  Global.Methods  We use a computer model of global atmospheric circulation to investigate the effect of microbe size (effective diameters of 9, 20, 40 and 60 μm) on the probability of aerial dispersal.Results  We found that for smaller microbes, once airborne, dispersal is remarkably successful over a 1‐year period. The most striking results are the extensive within‐hemisphere distribution of virtual microbes of 9 and 20 μm diameter and the lack of dispersal between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres during the year‐long time‐scale of our simulations.Main conclusions  Above a diameter of 20 μm wind dispersal of virtual microbes between continents becomes increasingly unlikely, and it does not occur at all (within our simulated 1‐year period) for those of 60 μm diameter. Within our simulation, the success of small microbes in long‐distance dispersal is due both to their greater abundance and to their longer time in the atmosphere – once airborne – compared with larger microbes.
Body fat mass is a predictor of risk of osteoporotic fractures in women but not in men: a prospective population study
Authors: Moayyeri A. , Luben R. N. , Wareham N. J. , Khaw K.‐T. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract.  Moayyeri A, Luben RN, Wareham NJ, Khaw K‐T (University of Cambridge, Cambridge; Institute of Metabolic Science; Cambridge, UK). Body fat mass is a predictor of risk of osteoporotic fractures in women but not in men: a prospective population study. J Intern Med 2012; 271: 472–480.Objectives.  Obesity has generally been associated with higher bone density and lower fracture risk. However, weight‐related indices of obesity may be related differently to health end‐points, compared with fat‐related indices (such as body fat distribution and fat mass), as they may capture different dimensions of obesity and the associated biological effects. The aim of this study was to examine the association between percentage body fat (%BF) and prospective risk of fracture.Methods.  The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) in Norfolk was a population‐based prospective study. A total of 14 789 participants (6470 men, aged 42–82 years at baseline) were included. The main outcome measures were quantitative ultrasound of the heel and incident hip and any osteoporotic fractures.Results.  A total of 556 participants suffered a fracture (184 hip fractures) during 8.7 ± 0.8 years of follow‐up. Risk of hip fracture decreased linearly with increasing %BF amongst women but not men. After adjustment for age, history of fracture, height, smoking, alcohol intake and heel broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), the hazard ratio (95% CI) for a 10% higher %BF on risk of hip fracture was 0.56 (0.39–0.79) in women and 0.92 (0.39–2.21) in men. The effect size in women was approximately equivalent to a difference of 5 years in age or 1 standard deviation (17 dB MHz−1) increased BUA. A nonlinear negative association was also observed between %BF and risk of ‘any type of fracture’ amongst women but not men.Conclusions.  The %BF appears to predict hip fracture risk in women with an effect size comparable to that of bone density as measured by heel ultrasound. This effect was not observed in men. Understanding the differences in relationships between different indices of obesity as well as sex differences may help to elucidate the metabolic and other underlying mechanisms involved in bone health and fracture risk.
Factors associated with good self‐management in older adults with a schizophrenic disorder compared with older adults with physical illnesses
Authors: STEIN‐PARBURY J. , GALLAGHER R. , CHENOWETH L. , LUSCOMBE G. M. 
Published: August 2011

Accessible summary
There are an increasing number of older people living with a schizophrenic illness and the specific needs of this population have received scant attention especially in relation to their illness self‐management.
This study demonstrated that the illness self‐management of a group of older adults diagnosed with a schizophrenic illness was worse in comparison with their peers with a diagnosed chronic physical illness.
In people with a schizophrenic disorder poor self‐rated health and the presence of comorbid conditions negatively affect self‐management factors, whereas being married, voluntarily treated and a greater sense of coherence have a positive effect.
Nurse can assist older people with a schizophrenic disorder to improve their illness self‐management by working collaboratively with them and enabling them to gain a better understanding of their illness, monitor their symptoms, attend to their general health and respond appropriately to symptoms of ill health.
AbstractThe number of older people living with a schizophrenic disorder (SD) is increasing yet little attention paid has been paid to the needs of this population relative to people with other chronic illnesses. In order to achieve optimal functioning people with a SD need to manage their illness and its impact; therefore, this study set out to determine the factors associated with self‐management in this population. The illness management of people over 50 years of age and living with schizophrenia (n= 84) was compared with their peers who were diagnosed with a chronic physical illness (n= 216). Participants completed a survey that included an illness management inventory, self‐rated health and sense of coherence. The results demonstrated that participants with a SD had lower illness management levels, particularly for understanding their symptoms and taking appropriate actions in relation to health care. Poor self‐rated health and the presence of comorbid conditions had a pervasive negative effect on self‐management factors in the SD group, whereas being married, having a greater sense of coherence and being voluntary to treatment had a positive effect. Nurses need to develop strategies to address general health and self‐management in older adults living with a SD.
N‐linked glycosylation in Archaea: two paths to the same glycan
Authors: Guerry Patricia 
Published: August 2011

SummaryN‐linked protein glycosylation occurs in all three branches of life, eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea. The simplest system is that of the bacterium, Campylobacter jejuni, in which a heptasaccharide glycan is added to multiple proteins from a single lipid carrier molecule. In the eukaryotic system a conserved tetradecasaccharide modification is first added to target proteins, but is then modified by trimming and addition of other glycans from additional carrier molecules resulting in a diverse array of glycans of distinct functionality. In the halophilic Archaea from the Dead Sea, Haloferax volcanii, the surface array or S‐layer protein is glycosylated with a pentasaccharide. This glycan is synthesized from two separate carrier molecules, one that carries a tetrasaccharide and another that carries the terminal mannose, in a process that is analogous to that of eukaryotes. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology the glycosylation of the S‐layer of another halophilic Archaea from the Dead Sea, Haloarcula marismortui is characterized (Calo et al., 2011). This S‐layer is glycosylated with the same pentasaccharide as that of Hfx.  volcanii, but the intact pentasaccharide is synthesized on a single carrier molecule in Har. marismortui in a process that more closely resembles that of the bacterial N‐linked system.
Repression of shade‐avoidance reactions by sunfleck induction of HY5 expression in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sellaro Romina , Yanovsky Marcelo J. , Casal Jorge J. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe light environment provides signals that play a critical role in the control of stem growth in plants. The reduced irradiance and altered spectral composition of shade light promote stem growth compared with unfiltered sunlight. However, whereas most studies have used seedlings exposed to contrasting but constant light treatments, the natural light environment may exhibit strong fluctuations. As a result of gaps in the canopy, plants shaded by neighbours may experience sunflecks, i.e. brief periods of exposure to unfiltered sunlight. Here, we show that sunflecks are perceived by phytochromes A and B, and inhibit hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis thaliana mainly if they occur during the final portion of the photoperiod. By using forward and reverse genetic approaches we found that ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5, LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL, PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE 4 and auxin signalling are key players in this response.
Medicago truncatula mtpt4 mutants reveal a role for nitrogen in the regulation of arbuscule degeneration in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Javot Hélène , Penmetsa R. Varma , Breuillin Florence , Bhattarai Kishor K. , Noar Roslyn D. , Gomez S. Karen , Zhang Quan , Cook Douglas R. , Harrison Maria J. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryPlants acquire essential mineral nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) directly from the soil, but the majority of the vascular plants also gain access to these mineral nutrients through endosymbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In AM symbiosis, the fungi deliver P and N to the root through branched hyphae called arbuscules. Previously we identified MtPT4, a Medicago truncatula phosphate transporter located in the periarbuscular membrane that is essential for symbiotic phosphate transport and for maintenance of the symbiosis. In mtpt4 mutants arbuscule degeneration occurs prematurely and symbiosis fails. Here, we show that premature arbuscule degeneration occurs in mtpt4 mutants even when the fungus has access to carbon from a nurse plant. Thus, carbon limitation is unlikely to be the primary cause of fungal death. Surprisingly, premature arbuscule degeneration is suppressed if mtpt4 mutants are deprived of nitrogen. In mtpt4 mutants with a low N status, arbuscule lifespan does not differ from that of the wild type, colonization of the mtpt4 root system occurs as in the wild type and the fungus completes its life cycle. Sulphur is another essential macronutrient delivered to the plant by the AM fungus; however, suppression of premature arbuscule degeneration does not occur in sulphur‐deprived mtpt4 plants. The mtpt4 arbuscule phenotype is strongly correlated with shoot N levels. Analyses of an mtpt4‐2 sunn‐1 double mutant indicates that SUNN, required for N‐mediated autoregulation of nodulation, is not involved. Together, the data reveal an unexpected role for N in the regulation of arbuscule lifespan in AM symbiosis.
Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I via chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex performs a significant physiological role during photosynthesis and plant growth at low temperature in rice
Authors: Yamori Wataru , Sakata Naoki , Suzuki Yuji , Shikanai Toshiharu , Makino Amane 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe role of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH)‐dependent cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in photosynthetic regulation and plant growth at several temperatures was examined in rice (Oryza sativa) that is defective in CHLORORESPIRATORY REDUCTION 6 (CRR6), which is required for accumulation of sub‐complex A of the chloroplast NDH complex (crr6). NdhK was not detected by Western blot analysis in crr6 mutants, resulting in lack of a transient post‐illumination increase in chlorophyll fluorescence, and confirming that crr6 mutants lack NDH activity. When plants were grown at 28 or 35°C, all examined photosynthetic parameters, including the CO2 assimilation rate and the electron transport rate around photosystems I and II, at each growth temperature at light intensities above growth light (i.e. 800 μmol photons m−2 sec−1), were similar between crr6 mutants and control plants. However, when plants were grown at 20°C, all the examined photosynthetic parameters were significantly lower in crr6 mutants than control plants, and this effect on photosynthesis caused a corresponding reduction in plant biomass. The Fv/Fm ratio was only slightly lower in crr6 mutants than in control plants after short‐term strong light treatment at 20°C. However, after long‐term acclimation to the low temperature, impairment of cyclic electron flow suppressed non‐photochemical quenching and promoted reduction of the plastoquinone pool in crr6 mutants. Taken together, our experiments show that NDH‐dependent cyclic electron flow plays a significant physiological role in rice during photosynthesis and plant growth at low temperature.
A critical discourse analysis of British national newspaper representations of the academic level of nurse education: too clever for our own good?
Authors: Gillett Karen 
Published: August 2011

GILLETT K. Nursing Inquiry 2012; 19: 297–307  A critical discourse analysis of British national newspaper representations of the academic level of nurse education: too clever for our own good?This critical discourse analysis examines articles about the academic level of nurse education that appeared in British national newspapers between 1999 and 2009. British newspaper journalists regularly attribute problems with recruitment into nursing and nursing care to the increasing academic nature of nurse education. It is impossible to separate discourse about nurse education from the wider nursing discourse. Many journalists laud a traditional and stereotypical construct of nurse identity and suggest that increasing nurse education produces nurses who are ‘too clever to care’. This article argues that whilst nurses lack a voice in the National press, they have little input into the construction of newspaper discourse about nurse education and subsequently, limited influence on resulting public opinion, government policy and the morale of nurses.
Roflumilast in Asian patients with COPD: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: LEE SANG‐DO , HUI DAVID S. C. , MAHAYIDDIN AZIAH A. , ROA JR CAMILO C. , KWA KHENG HOE , GOEHRING UDO‐MICHAEL , BREDENBRÖKER DIRK , KUO HAN‐PIN 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Roflumilast, an oral, selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, has been shown to reduce exacerbations and improve pulmonary function in patients with COPD. This study examined the efficacy, safety and tolerability of roflumilast in Asian patients with COPD.Methods:  Patients with COPD were randomized 1:1 to enter a 12‐week treatment period and receive either oral roflumilast, 500 µg once daily, or placebo, following a single‐blind, 4‐week baseline period in which all patients received placebo. The primary end point was mean change in FEV1 from baseline to each postrandomization visit during the treatment period. Other spirometric lung function measurements were evaluated as secondary end points. COPD exacerbations were monitored. Safety was assessed from clinical laboratory tests, vital signs, physical examination (including electrocardiogram) and monitoring of adverse events (AEs).Results:  Of 551 patients recruited, 410 were randomized and received at least one dose of study medication (roflumilast, n = 203; placebo, n = 207). Superiority of roflumilast over placebo was demonstrated by a statistically significant difference in postbronchodilator FEV1 (79 mL, P < 0.0001). Other spirometry end points, including prebronchodilator FEV1, pre‐and postbronchodilator FEV6, forced vital capacity and peak expiratory flow significantly favoured roflumilast over placebo. AEs were more common with roflumilast than with placebo, but were comparable with those reported in previous studies.Conclusions:  Roflumilast, 500 µg once daily, improves pulmonary function in Asian patients with COPD. The safety and tolerability of roflumilast in this population was similar to that in a Caucasian population.
Increased expression of CYP17 and CYP11B1 in subclinical Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal adenomas
Authors: Cao Caixia , Yang Xuecheng , Li Li , Sun Ruixia , Xian Yuxin , Lv Wenshan , Wang Jing , Xu Yijun , Gao Yanyan 
Published: August 2011

Objectives:  To determine whether steroidogenic enzyme expression is associated with the steroid secretory pattern of subclinical Cushing's syndrome (SCS) by investigating the mRNA and protein expression of CYP17 and CYP11B1 in SCS adenomas, normal adrenal cortices (NA), non‐functional adrenal adenomas (NFA) and cortisol‐producing adenomas (CPA).Methods:  Total RNA and protein were extracted from 20 CPA, six SCS, 15 NFA, and eight NA. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting analysis were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expression of CYP17 and CYP11B1 in different tissues. The expression of CYP17 and CYP11B1 in the adrenocortical tumors was compared expression in NA.Results:  Expression of both CYP11B1 and CYP17 mRNA and protein was detected in all samples tested. The expression of CYP11B1 mRNA and protein was significantly higher in the CPA group than in the other groups and was slightly higher in SCS samples compared with NA and NFA samples (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in CYP11B1 mRNA and protein expression between NA and NFA samples (P > 0.05). The expression of CYP17 mRNA and protein in different tissues was similar to that of CYP11B1. Neither CYP11B1 nor CYP17 mRNA and protein expression was correlated with plasma cortisol or adrenocorticotrophin levels (all P > 0.05).Conclusions:  In conclusion, CYP11B1 and CYP17 are overexpressed in subclinical CPA and their overexpression accounts for the increased production of cortisol that is characteristic of CPA.