bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review and assessment of interpolatory model order reduction methods for frequency response structural dynamics and acoustics problems
Authors: Hetmaniuk U. , Tezaur R. , Farhat C. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYFrequency sweeps in structural dynamics, acoustics, and vibro‐acoustics require evaluating frequency response functions for a large number of frequencies. The brute force approach for performing these sweeps leads to the solution of a large number of large‐scale systems of equations. Several methods have been developed for alleviating this computational burden by approximating the frequency response functions. Among these, interpolatory model order reduction methods are perhaps the most successful. This paper reviews this family of approximation methods with particular attention to their applicability to specific classes of frequency response problems and their performance. It also includes novel aspects pertaining to the iterative solution of large‐scale systems of equations in the context of model order reduction and frequency sweeps. All reviewed computational methods are illustrated with realistic, large‐scale structural dynamic, acoustic, and vibro‐acoustic analyses in wide frequency bands. These highlight both the potential of these methods for reducing CPU time and their limitations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absent ductus venosus – outcomes and implications from a tertiary centre
Authors: Thomas Joseph T. , Petersen Scott , Cincotta Robert , Lee‐Tannock Alison , Gardener Glenn 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundAbsent ductus venosus (ADV) has been reported as case reports and series with suggestions that the outcome is variable. The prognosis depended on the associated abnormalities with ADV and the type of umbilical venous drainage.MethodologyWe performed a retrospective audit of all cases with ADV in our centre from 2004 to 2008 and prospectively collected cases from 2008 and analysed the associations and outcomes. To our 22 cases, we added 67 cases extracted from all the reported case series with isolated ADV in the English literature and analysed them together.ResultsEight of the 22 cases in our centre had isolated ADV and all eight fetuses were live born with no adverse outcomes. This was similar when compiled with the 67 extracted cases. Of the 89 cases; 19 with isolated ADV had 100% survival. This was independent of the umbilical venous drainage in contrast to previous reports. The overall survival is 57% and 45% when there is an associated abnormality in the fetus.ConclusionIsolated ADV has a favourable outcome regardless of the umbilical venous drainage. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leicester Foundation Group: successful implementation of structured education for newly‐diagnosed type 1 diabetes
Authors: Berkeley Hannah , Phillips Sarah , Fairfield Jane , Pidcock Rebecca , Henson Joseph , Troughton Jacqui 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn the UK there are currently no national structured education programmes for people newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. In Leicester we developed a programme for people to attend within six months of diagnosis with the aim of increasing patients' self‐efficacy in managing their diabetes.Forty‐two people attended the group over a 12‐month period. The participants completed a questionnaire based on a 10‐point Likert scale to assess confidence to participate in daily activities while managing their insulin and blood glucose levels, both at baseline and after the structured education intervention.Participants self‐reported improved confidence levels aligned to different situations, including the ability to adjust insulin accordingly and achieve target blood glucose (4–7mmol/L). Scores increased significantly in a number of scenarios, e.g. confidence to do a sporting activity 8(6.5–8.2) to 9(8.0–9.0), confidence to adjust insulin for the activity 5(3.8–6.2) to 8(6.9–8.3), and confidence that glucose levels will be in target after insulin adjustment 4(3.4–5.6) to 8(6.6–8.0).Attendance at a structured group education programme can significantly increase individuals' self‐efficacy to manage type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.
Polymer brushes here, there, and everywhere: Recent advances in their practical applications and emerging opportunities in multiple research fields
Authors: Azzaroni Omar 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBottom‐up surface processing with well‐defined polymeric structures becomes increasingly important in many current technologies. Polymer brushes, that is, assemblies of macromolecules tethered at one end to a substrate, provide an exemplary system of materials capable of achieving such a goal. While the focus in the past decades has been mostly on their synthetic aspects and the in‐depth study of their interesting properties, from several years now the core area of research has already started to shift towards specific practical applications. Ample functional versatility and relative ease of preparation are special strengths of polymer brushes, lending them a strong interdisciplinary character. To this end, this work is entirely dedicated to bringing together the latest research on applications of polymer brushes in multiple research fields. The aim of this review are twofold: first, to give a critical discussion of the current status of development of application‐oriented research on polymer brushes, and second, to inform the reader as to what can be done with polymer brushes in multiple research fields. It is therefore hoped that the juxtaposition of perspectives from different disciplines in one place will stimulate and contribute to the ongoing process of cross‐fertilization that is driving this fascinating and emerging area of polymer science. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Diameter‐ and density‐controlled synthesis of well‐aligned ZnO nanowire arrays and their properties using a thermal evaporation technique
Authors: Van Khai Tran , Maneeratanasarn Prachuporn , Choi Bong Geun , Ham Heon , Shim Kwang Bo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractVertically well‐aligned ZnO nanowire (NW) arrays were synthesized directly on Si(100) substrate without any metal catalysts by conventional thermal evaporation. The effects of the substrate positions on the structures and properties of ZnO NW arrays were primarily discussed. The orientation and morphology of the resultant NWs were analyzed by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experimental results showed that the density and diameter of the ZnO NWs can be effectively controlled by changing the substrate position. The photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of the grown ZnO NW arrays show a sharp and strong ultraviolet (UV) emission at 380 nm and a very weak green emission at around 490 nm, indicating that the as‐synthesized NWs have outstanding optical properties with good crystalline quality and may have excellent application potential in optoelectronic devices.
Dielectric function and refractive index of GaBix As1‐x (x = 0.035, 0.052, 0.075)
Authors: Tumėnas Saulius , Karpus Vytautas , Bertulis Klemensas , Arwin Hans 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMBE grown GaBiAs epitaxial layers with Bi content of 3.5%, 5.2%, and 7.5%, sandwiched between GaAs, have been investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the infrared and absorption threshold spectral regions. The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function of GaBiAs indicate bandgap Eg and spin‐orbit splitting Δ0+ values close to literature data. The refractive index of GaBiAs in the IR region 0.2–0.8 eV exceeds that of GaAs by ca. 0.8%, 2.3%, and 3.6%, for Bi content 3.5 %, 5.2%, and 7.5%, respectively (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MOCVD growth and characterization of near‐surface InGaN/GaN single quantum wells for non‐radiative coupling of optical excitations
Authors: Svensk O. , Suihkonen S. , Sintonen S. , Kopylov O. , Shirazi R. , Lipsanen H. , Sopanen M. , Kardynal B. E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe report a study of the structural and optical properties of near‐surface InGaN/GaN single quantum wells, grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition, as a function of underneath layer structure and GaN capping thickness. Special attention is paid to characterize properties which are important for non‐radiative coupling applications, such as emission intensity at peak wavelength and surface morphology. We observe that utilization of indium containing underneath structures results in high optical quality while increasing surface roughness. Optical performance can be further improved with InGaN/GaN superlattice structures instead of a single InGaN underneath layer. Time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements of samples with different GaN capping thicknesses show that room temperature photoluminescence decay time increases with decreasing GaN capping thickness until surface states related non‐radiative recombination processes start to play a significant role at very small capping thicknesses (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Assessment of the illumination dependency of Al2O3 and SiO2 rear‐passivated p‐type silicon solar cells
Authors: Vermang Bart , Cornagliotti Emanuele , Prajapati Victor , John Joachim , Poortmans Jef , Mertens Robert 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis Letter discusses an important difference between positively charged SiO2 and negatively charged Al2O3 rear‐passivated p‐type Si solar cells: their illumination level dependency. For positively charged SiO2 rear‐passivated p‐type Si solar cells, a loss in short circuit current (JSC) and open circuit voltage (VOC) as a function of illumination level is mainly caused by parasitic shunting and a decrease in surface recombination, respectively. Hence, the relative loss in cell conversion efficiency, JSC, and VOC as a function of the illumination level for SiO2 compared to Al2O3 rear‐passivated p‐type Si solar cells has been measured and discussed. Subsequently, an exponential decay fit of the loss in cell efficiency is applied in order to estimate the difference in the energy output for both cell types in three different territories: Belgium (EU), Seattle and Austin (US). The observed trends in the difference in energy output between both cells, as a function of time of the year and region, are as expected and discussed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
DYNAMICS OF IN‐STREAM WOOD AND ITS IMPORTANCE AS FISH HABITAT IN A LARGE TROPICAL FLOODPLAIN RIVER
Authors: Pettit N. E. , Warfe D. M. , Kennard M. J. , Pusey B. J. , Davies P. M. , Douglas M. M. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe recruitment of wood from the riparian zone to rivers and streams provides a complex habitat for aquatic organisms and can influence both aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem function. The Daly River in the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia is a highly seasonal, perennially flowing sand‐bed river where surveys of river wood aggregations at the reach scale (~2 km) in 2008 and 2009 recorded densities of 37–78 km−1 and identified distinct types of river wood aggregations: key pieces, standing trees, fallen trees, wrack and single pieces. After larger than average flows in the 2008/2009 wet season, between 46% and 51% of the surveyed river wood had moved. The distribution of wood age classes indicated continual recruitment and slow turnover of wood within the river. Surveys of fish and habitat characteristics at the mesohabitat scale (~100 m) showed fish species richness; diversity and fish abundance were not correlated to the proportion of wood present. Fish assemblage structure was associated with wood cover as well as other environmental variables such as stream width and depth. The importance of in‐stream wood also varied for different species and age classes of fish. This study documents the dynamic nature of river wood aggregations and their complex and variable distribution and suggests their importance as fish habitat in this tropical river. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on phytosterol biotransformation by different strains of Mycobacterium neoaurum
Authors: Shen Yan-Bing , Wang Min , Li Hua-Nan , Wang Yi-Bo , Luo Jian-Mei 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) can improve productivity in the biotransformation of steroids by increasing conversion rate, conversion ratio, or substrate concentration. However, little is known of the proportion of products formed by multi-catabolic enzymes, e.g., via sterol side chain cleavage. Using three strains with different androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD) to androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (AD) ratios, Mycobacterium neoaurum TCCC 11028 (MNR), M. neoaurum TCCC 11028 M1 (MNR M1), and M. neoaurum TCCC 11028 M3 (MNR M3), we found that hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) can appreciably increase the ratio of ADD to AD, the reaction rate, and the molar conversion. In the presence of HP-β-CD, conversion of 0.5 g/L of phytosterol (PS) was 2.4, 2.4, and 2.3 times higher in the MNR, MNR M1, and MNR M3 systems, respectively, than in the controls. The ADD proportion increased by 38.4, 61.5, and 5.9 % compared with the control experiment, which resulted in a strong shift in the ADD/AD ratio in the ADD direction. Our results imply that the three PS-biotransforming strains cause efficient side chain degradation of PS, and the increased conversion of PS when using HP-β-CD may be associated with the higher PS concentration in each case. A similar solubilizing effect may not induce a prominent influence on the ADD/AD ratio. However, the different activities of the Δ1-dehydrogenase of PS-biotransforming strains result in different incremental percentage yields of ADD and ADD/AD ratio in the presence of HP-β-CD.
Instantaneous energy and enstrophy variations in Euler-alpha point vortices via triple collapse
Authors: Sakajo Takashi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIt has been pointed out that the anomalous enstrophy dissipation in non-smooth weak solutions of the two-dimensional Euler equations has a clue to the emergence of the inertial range in the energy density spectrum of two-dimensional turbulence corresponding to the enstrophy cascade as the viscosity coefficient tends to zero. However, it is uncertain how non-smooth weak solutions can dissipate the enstrophy. In the present paper, we construct a weak solution of the two-dimensional Euler equations from that of the Euler-$\ensuremath{\alpha} $equations proposed by Holm, Marsden & Ratiu (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 80, 1998, pp. 4173–4176) by taking the limit of$\ensuremath{\alpha} \ensuremath{\rightarrow} 0$. To accomplish this task, we introduce the$\ensuremath{\alpha} $-point-vortex ($\ensuremath{\alpha} \mathrm{PV} $) system, whose evolution corresponds to a unique global weak solution of the two-dimensional Euler-$\ensuremath{\alpha} $equations in the sense of distributions (Oliver & Shkoller,Commun. Part. Diff. Equ., vol. 26, 2001, pp. 295–314). Since the$\ensuremath{\alpha} \mathrm{PV} $system is a formal regularization of the point-vortex system and it is known that, under a certain special condition, three point vortices collapse self-similarly in finite time (Kimura,J. Phys. Soc. Japan, vol. 56, 1987, pp. 2024–2030), we expect that the evolution of three$\ensuremath{\alpha} $-point vortices for the same condition converges to a singular weak solution of the Euler-$\ensuremath{\alpha} $equations that is close to the triple collapse as$\ensuremath{\alpha} \ensuremath{\rightarrow} 0$, which is examined in the paper. As a result, we find that the three$\ensuremath{\alpha} $-point vortices collapse to a point and then expand to infinity self-similarly beyond the critical time in the limit. We also show that the Hamiltonian energy and a kinematic energy acquire a finite jump discontinuity at the critical time, but the energy dissipation rate converges to zero in the sense of distributions. On the other hand, an enstrophy variation converges to the$\delta $measure with a negative mass, which indicates that the enstrophy dissipates in the distributional sense via the self-similar triple collapse. Moreover, even if the special condition is perturbed, we can confirm numerically the convergence to the singular self-similar evolution with the enstrophy dissipation. This indicates that the self-similar triple collapse is a robust mechanism of the anomalous enstrophy dissipation in the sense that it is observed for a certain range of the parameter region.
The prognostic significance of subsyndromal symptoms emerging after remission of late-life depression
Authors: Kiosses D. N. , Alexopoulos G. S. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundAttainment of remission is viewed as the optimal outcome of acute antidepressant treatment. However, some patients experience subsyndromal symptoms after they achieve remission. This study examines the prognostic significance of subsyndromal symptoms occurring during the first 6 months after remission of late-life depression.MethodOlder (age 60–89 years) in-patients and out-patients with unipolar major depression were followed until remission (asymptomatic or almost asymptomatic for 3 consecutive weeks). Two hundred and forty-two achieved remission after uncontrolled antidepressant treatment. This analysis focused on remitted patients who had follow-up data over a 2.5-year period (n = 185).ResultsApproximately 18% of patients relapsed. Of the remainder (n = 152), 42.8% had subsyndromal depressive symptoms during the 6 months following remission. Cox's proportional survival analysis demonstrated that longer duration of subsyndromal symptoms [number of weeks with the Longitudinal Follow-up Examination (LIFE) Psychiatric Status Rating Scale (PSR) score of 3 or 4] in the first 6 months after remission was significantly associated with shorter time to recurrence and higher recurrence rate [hazard ratio (HR) 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.24]. Based on our analysis, patients with 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of subsyndromal symptoms in the first 6 months after remission have estimated recurrence rates of 28, 45, 66 and 86% respectively during the ensuing 2 years.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the clinical importance of subsyndromal symptoms occurring after remission in late-life depression. They also argue that studies of geriatric depression may complement the definition of remission with information on subsyndromal symptoms occurring after the initial asymptomatic period.
Adverse childhood experiences in relation to mood and anxiety disorders in a population-based sample of active military personnel
Authors: Sareen J. , Henriksen C. A. , Bolton S.-L. , Afifi T. O. , Stein M. B. , Asmundson G. J. G. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundAlthough it has been posited that exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increases vulnerability to deployment stress, previous literature in this area has demonstrated conflicting results. Using a cross-sectional population-based sample of active military personnel, the present study examined the relationship between ACEs, deployment related stressors and mood and anxiety disorders.MethodData were analyzed from the 2002 Canadian Community Health Survey – Canadian Forces Supplement (CCHS-CFS;n = 8340, age 18–54 years, response rate 81%). The following ACEs were self-reported retrospectively: childhood physical abuse, childhood sexual abuse, economic deprivation, exposure to domestic violence, parental divorce/separation, parental substance abuse problems, hospitalization as a child, and apprehension by a child protection service. DSM-IV mood and anxiety disorders [major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic attacks/disorder and social phobia] were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).ResultsEven after adjusting for the effects of deployment-related traumatic exposures (DRTEs), exposure to ACEs was significantly associated with past-year mood or anxiety disorder among men [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.34, 99% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.73,p < 0.01] and women [aOR 1.37, 99% CI 1.00–1.89,p = 0.01]. Participants exposed to both ACEs and DRTEs had the highest prevalence of past-year mood or anxiety disorder in comparison to those who were exposed to either ACEs alone, DRTEs alone, or no exposure.ConclusionsACEs are associated with several mood and anxiety disorders among active military personnel. Intervention strategies to prevent mental health problems should consider the utility of targeting soldiers with exposure to ACEs.
Poor attention rather than hyperactivity/impulsivity predicts academic achievement in very preterm and full-term adolescents
Authors: Jaekel J. , Wolke D. , Bartmann P. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundVery preterm (VP) children are at particular risk for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of the inattentive subtype. It is unknown whether the neurodevelopmental pathways to academic underachievement are the same as in the general population. This study investigated whether middle childhood attention or hyperactivity/impulsivity problems are better predictors of VP adolescents' academic achievement.MethodIn a geographically defined prospective whole-population sample of VP (<32 weeks gestation) and/or very low birth weight (<1500 g birth weight) (VLBW/VP; n = 281) and full-term control children (n = 286) in South Germany, ADHD subtypes were assessed at 6 years 3 months and 8 years 5 months using multiple data sources. Academic achievement was assessed at 13 years of age.ResultsCompared with full-term controls, VLBW/VP children were at higher risk for ADHD inattentive subtype [6 years 3 months: odds ratio (OR) 2.8, p < 0.001; 8 years 5 months: OR 1.7, p = 0.020] but not for ADHD hyperactive-impulsive subtype (6 years 3 months: OR 1.4, p = 0.396; 8 years 5 months: OR 0.9, p = 0.820). Childhood attention measures predicted academic achievement in VLBW/VP and also full-term adolescents, whereas hyperactive/impulsive behaviour did not.ConclusionsAttention is an important prerequisite for learning and predicts long-term academic underachievement. As ADHD inattentive subtype and cognitive impairments are frequent in VLBW/VP children, their study may help to identify the neurofunctional pathways from early brain development and dysfunction to attention problems and academic underachievement.
The structure of common and uncommon mental disorders
Authors: Forbush K. T. , Watson D. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundCo-morbidity patterns in epidemiological studies of mental illness consistently demonstrate that a latent internalizing factor accounts for co-morbidity patterns among unipolar mood and anxiety disorders, whereas a latent externalizing factor underlies the covariation of substance-use disorders and antisocial behaviors. However, this structure needs to be extended to include a broader range of disorders.MethodExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the structure of co-morbidity using data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiological Surveys (n = 16 233).ResultsIn the best-fitting model, eating and bipolar disorders formed subfactors within internalizing, impulse control disorders were indicators of externalizing, and factor-analytically derived personality disorder scales split between internalizing and externalizing.ConclusionsThis was the first large-scale nationally representative study that has included uncommon mental disorders with sufficient power to examine their fit within a structural model of psychopathology. The results of this study have important implications for conceptualizing myriad mental disorders.