bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing downscaling methods to simulate hydrologically relevant weather scenarios from a global atmospheric reanalysis: case study of the upper Rhône River (1902–2009)
Authors: Legrand Caroline , Hingray Benoît , Wilhelm Bruno , Ménégoz Martin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract. We assess the ability of two modelling chains to reproduce, over the last century (1902–2009) and from large-scale atmospheric information only, the temporal variations in river discharges, low-flow sequences and flood events observed at different locations of the upper Rhône River catchment, an alpine river straddling France and Switzerland (10 900 km2). The two modelling chains are made up of a downscaling model, either statistical (Sequential Constructive Atmospheric Analogues for Multivariate weather Predictions – SCAMP) or dynamical (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional – MAR), and the Glacier and SnowMelt SOil CONTribution (GSM-SOCONT) model. Both downscaling models, forced by atmospheric information from the global atmospheric reanalysis ERA-20C, provide time series of daily scenarios of precipitation and temperature used as inputs to the hydrological model. With hydrological regimes ranging from highly glaciated ones in its upper part to mixed ones dominated by snow and rain downstream, the upper Rhône River catchment is ideal for evaluating the different downscaling models in contrasting and demanding hydro-meteorological configurations where the interplay between weather variables in both space and time is determinant. Whatever the river sub-basin considered, the simulated discharges are in good agreement with the reference ones, provided that the weather scenarios are bias-corrected. The observed multi-scale variations in discharges (daily, seasonal, and interannual) are reproduced well. The low-frequency hydrological situations, such as annual monthly discharge minima (used as low-flow proxy indicators) and annual daily discharge maxima (used as flood proxy indicators), are reproduced reasonably well. The observed increase in flood activity over the last century is also reproduced rather well. The observed low-flow activity is conversely overestimated, and its variations from one sub-period to another are only partially reproduced. Bias correction is crucial for both precipitation and temperature and for both downscaling models. For the dynamical one, a bias correction is also essential for getting realistic daily temperature lapse rates. Uncorrected scenarios lead to irrelevant hydrological simulations, especially for the sub-basins at high elevation, due mainly to irrelevant snowpack dynamic simulations. The simulations also highlight the difficulty in simulating precipitation dependency on elevation over mountainous areas.
THE LEGAL PROFESSION OF UZBEKISTAN: SOME PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAWYERS AND BODIES OF ADVOCATE SELF-GOVERNMENT
Authors: АЗИЗОВ И.Б. , ИШАНХАНОВА Г.А. , КУРОЛОВА Д.М. , МАЙОРОВ С.А. , РАХМАТУЛЛАЕВА Т.К. , ТУРДАЛИЕВ Д.Д. , ФАЙЗУЛЛАХУЖАЕВ Э.Ж.у. 
Published: May 2024

Настоящая публикация посвящена вопросам независимости адвокатов от органов адвокат- ского самоуправления, в частности – территориальных управлений и дисциплинарных органов (квалифика- ционных комиссий), а также недопущению посягательств на профессиональные права, честь и достоинство адвокатов, охраняемые законом.
This publication is devoted to the issues of the independence of lawyers from the bodies of advocate self–government, in particular, territorial administrations and disciplinary bodies (qualification commissions), as well as the prevention of encroachments on the professional rights, honor and dignity of lawyers protected by law.
Communication and Influence of Traditional Culture Based on Social Network Analysis
Authors: Jia Zhao  
Published: May 2024

Social media significantly impacts traditional cultures, yet existing methods struggle to capture the delicate complexities of online cultural discussions. This lack of depth limits understanding of how traditions evolve and adapt in the digital age. To address this, CaCCGAN: Social Culture Analysis, a framework leveraging social network analysis (SNA) is proposed. Content-Aware Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Network (CaCCGAN) explores communication and influence dynamics surrounding traditional culture on social media platforms. CaCCGAN gathers real-time data on traditional culture from Weibo, a prominent Chinese platform, focusing on relevant keywords. By employing Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and a Binary Waterwheel Plant Optimization Algorithm (BWPOA), CaCCGAN identifies user-tradition relationships, influential users, and online communities. Furthermore, the CaCCGAN model analyzes communication styles and generates content reflecting these relationships. Analyzing this generated content offers valuable insights for stakeholders interested in cultural preservation, targeted marketing campaigns, and content creation strategies. The proposed CaCCGAN: Social Culture Analysis model attains 25.23%, 21.06% and 55.11% higher Precision value and 29.096%, 41.64% and 33.33% higher F1 Score value compared with the existing method such as PA-BiLSTM Neural Encoding for Cultural Adaptation and Emotion Analysis in Modern Media Communication (PA-BiLSTM), MFCSNet: Modeling Musician-Follower Dynamics in a Complex Social Network to Measure Musical Influence (MFCSNet) and Utilizing Social Media Data Analytics to Integrate Traditional Culture Through Digital Media Interaction and Dissemination (I-RankClus-WOA) respectively. This proposed CaCCGAN: Social Culture Analysis model presents a promising approach to understanding the evolving dynamics of communication and influence surrounding traditional culture online.
Injury Risk Prediction and Prevention Algorithm for Athletes Based on Data Mining
Authors: Xuelian Dong  
Published: May 2024

The injury risk prediction and prevention algorithm for athletes employs data mining techniques to analyze various factors contributing to athlete injuries, such as training load, biomechanics, previous injuries, and environmental conditions. By collecting and analyzing vast amounts of data from wearable devices, training logs, and medical records, the algorithm identifies patterns and trends associated with injury occurrence. Using machine learning models, it predicts the likelihood of an athlete sustaining an injury based on these patterns. Additionally, the algorithm provides personalized injury prevention strategies tailored to each athlete's risk profile, including adjusting training regimens, modifying technique, and recommending recovery protocols. Injury prevention is a critical aspect of athlete safety and performance optimization in sports. This paper proposed a novel PMin-Max injury risk prediction and prevention algorithm designed to provide comprehensive assessments of injury risks for athletes. The algorithm leverages data mining techniques to compute both best-case and worst-case probabilities of injury, enabling practitioners to understand the range of potential outcomes and associated uncertainties. By computing minimum and maximum probabilities of injury for individual athletes and generating risk scores, the algorithm facilitates tailored preventive measures based on the severity of predicted injury risks. Through simulation experiments and analysis of simulated results, we demonstrate the algorithm's effectiveness in identifying athletes with elevated injury risks and highlighting situations where injury risks are relatively low.
Integrated Index Vector Method and Hybrid Ant Lion Chaotic Evolutionary Programming Optimization (HALCEP) Technique for Loss Minimization in Distribution System
Authors: Muhammad Danial Mohd Zuraimi  
Published: May 2024

Distribution system is the final section of the electrical power system, apart from the transmission and generation system. The distribution system acts as the interface that connects the high-voltage network to the low-voltage consumer service point. Consequently, the distribution system contributes the most of the overall losses in the electrical power system. Hence, evolutionary computation was introduced to accomplish a reduction of the previously said losses. The evolutionary computation involves optimization techniques to allocate distributed generation (DG) to the distribution system. Unfortunately, several optimization techniques are not capable of achieving accurate results and are trapped at local optima. This paper presents the Integrated Index Vector Method and Hybrid Ant Lion Chaotic Evolutionary Programming Optimization (HALCEP) technique for loss minimization in a distribution system. In this study, Evolutionary Programming (EP), Ant Lion Optimization (ALO) and HALCEP optimization engines are developed. The validation process was simulated on the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system (RDS) model. Comparative studies were performed to gain a clear observation of the advantage of the developed HALCEP over the conventional EP and the ALO techniques, effectively showing its capability to outperform them.
Next-Generation Protection: Leveraging Federated Learning and Blockchain for Intrusion Detection in Smart Vehicle Network
Authors: Javaid Ahmad Malik  
Published: May 2024

Smart Car's era ushers in new challenges, some of which are in the field of information security such as wise cyber-attack prevention. Traditional IDS systems would lose everything in such a dynamic environment with their centralized architectures, and this approach could create single points of failure and privacy issues. Along with interconnectedness, cyber security becomes an inevitable problem as smart vehicles are incorporated into a daily life. Traditional security mechanisms usually lack scalability and privacy, which brings about the need to develop alter-nate or innovative methods. This research demonstrates a mixed security system that combines both federated learning and blockchain technologies to improve intrusion detection in smart vehicular networks. We evaluated the effectiveness of this framework using four machine learn-ing models as respectively; Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree, Neural Network, and Random Forest. Empirical results show that SVM had the highest accuracy of both 93.88% in training and 91.84% in validation, which is higher than Decision Tree, Neural Network, and Random Forest models. These findings evidently demonstrate that the federated learning and blockchain are a strong solution for the plausible security of smart vehicle networks; with SVM being employed mostly in complex security scenarios.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.353
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty vs high tibial osteotomy for knee osteoarthritis: A comparison of clinical and radiological outcomes
Authors: Wyatt Frederick William , Al-Dadah Oday 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and high tibial osteotomy (HTO) are well-established operative interventions in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. However, which intervention is more beneficial to patients with knee osteoarthritis remains unknown and a topic of much debate. Simultaneously, there is a paucity of research assessing the relationship between radiographic parameters of knee joint alignment and patient-reported clinical outcomes, preoperatively and following HTO or UKA.
AIM
To compare UKAs and HTOs as interventions for medial-compartment knee osteoarthritis: Examining differences in clinical outcome and investigating the relationship of joint alignment with respect to this.
METHODS
This longitudinal observational study assessed a total of 42 patients that had undergone UKA (n = 23) and HTO (n = 19) to treat medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected to evaluate clinical outcome. These included two disease-specific (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Oxford Knee Score) and two generic (EQ-5D-5L, Short Form-12) PROMs. The radiographic parameters of knee alignment assessed were the: Hip-knee-ankle angle, mechanical axis deviation and angle of Mikulicz line.
RESULTS
Statistical analyses demonstrated significant (P < 0.001), preoperative to postoperative, improvements in the PROM scores of both groups. There were, however, no significant inter-group differences in the postoperative PROM scores of the UKA and HTO group. Several significant correlations associated a more distolaterally angled Mikulicz line with worse knee function and overall health preoperatively (P < 0.05). Postoperatively, two clusters of significant correlations were observed between the disease-specific PROM scores and knee joint alignment parameters (hip-knee-ankle angle, mechanical axis deviation) within the HTO group; yet no such associations were observed within the UKA group.
CONCLUSION
UKAs and HTOs are both efficacious operations that provide a comparable degree of clinical benefit to patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Clinical outcome has a limited association with radiographic parameters of knee joint alignment postoperatively; however, a more distolaterally angled Mikulicz line appears associated with worse knee function/health-related quality of life preoperatively.
Ethics of Studying Illiberalism in a Hyperconnected, Polycrisis-defined Era: An Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Sibgatullina Gulnaz 
Published: May 2024

As of April 2024, at the time of composing this introductory note, research on the challenges faced by liberal democracies—whether established or aspiring—appears to be in continuously high demand. One needs only to focus on a small domain, election results, to realize the scope and intensity of those threats to the existing order. While elections of last year in Poland brought some hope for the pro-EU, left-wing opposition in Europe, populist far-right parties have secured a victory in the Netherlands, further fueling fears of a significant shift to the right in the upcoming European Parliament elections. The recent casting-of-ballots in Russia has ensured incumbent Vladimir Putin's presidency for another six years, while the fall 2024 elections in the US, with Donald Trump as the primary Republican candidate, promise to be a tough race for the Democrats. In India, Hindu nationalist Narendra Modi will run for a third term, competing against a broad alliance of opposition parties that are struggling to catch up.
Cauda Equina Syndrome: Cost Burden After Spinal Decompression
Authors: Nin Darren Z. , Chen Ya-Wen , Hwang Raymond W. , Niu Ruijia , Sinz Nathan J. , Chang David C. , Kim David H. 
Published: May 2024

Study Design:
Observational cohort study.

Objective:
Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare neurologic condition with potentially devastating consequences. The objective of this study was to compare the 2-year postoperative cost-associated treatments after posterior spinal decompression between patients with and without CES.

Methods:
By analyzing a commercial insurance claims database, patients who underwent posterior spinal decompression with a concurrent diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis, radiculopathy, or disk herniation in 2017 were identified and included in the study. The primary outcome was the cost of payments for identified treatments in the 2-year period after surgery. Treatments included were (1) physical therapy (PT), (2) pain medication, (3) injections, (4) bladder management, (5) bowel management, (6) sexual dysfunction treatment, and (7) psychological treatment.

Results:
In total, 3,140 patients (age, 55.3 ± 12.0 years; male, 62.2%) were included in the study. The average total cost of treatments identified was $2,996 ± 6,368 per patient. The overall cost of identified procedures was $2,969 ± 6,356 in non-CES patients, compared with $4,535 ± 6,898 in patients with CES (P = 0.079). Among identified treatments, only PT and bladder management costs were significantly higher for patients with CES (PT: +115%, P < 0.001; bladder management: +697%, P < 0.001). The difference in overall cost was significant between patients (non-CES: $1,824 ± 3,667; CES: $3,022 ± 4,679; P = 0.020) in the first year. No difference was found in the second year.

Discussion:
A short-term difference was observed in costs occurring in the first postoperative year. Cost of treatments was similar between patients apart from PT and bladder management.
Comparison of Suprainguinal Fascia Iliaca Nerve Block and Epidural Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Periacetabular Osteotomy
Authors: VanEenenaam David P. , Cardin Stefano , Yang Daniel , O'Brien Elizabeth , Muhly Wallis T. , Sankar Wudbhav N. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Adequate pain control and early mobilization are critical in the postoperative period after periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). Regional anesthesia can reduce postoperative pain, but certain techniques can increase the risk of postoperative motor block and delayed functional recovery. Continuous lumbar epidurals can provide excellent analgesia but also create challenges with early ambulation. Recently, suprainguinal fascia iliaca (SIFI) single-shot blocks have been shown to provide effective analgesia in PAO patients. The goal of this study was to compare opioid use, time to achieve inpatient physical therapy (PT) goals, and length of stay (LOS) between a cohort of patients receiving SIFI blocks and a cohort of patients receiving epidural analgesia (EA).

Methods:
This retrospective single-surgeon comparative cohort study included all patients who underwent a PAO between 2012 and 2022. Regional anesthetic technique (SIFI vs EA), length of hospital stay, intraoperative and postoperative opioid use, pain scores, and time to achievement of PT milestones before discharge were recorded. Patients were excluded if they had any preexisting neuromuscular syndrome or neurosensory deficit. All opioid use was converted to morphine-milligram equivalents using standard conversions.

Results:
Two hundred four surgeries were done over the study period; 164 patients received EA, and 40 received a SIFI block. The average age of our cohort was 19.5 years (±6 yrs). The SIFI cohort had a significantly shorter mean LOS than the EA cohort (2.9 vs 4.1 days, P < 0.001). Patients in the SIFI cohort achieved all PT ambulation goals significantly sooner than the lumbar epidural group (P < 0.001), with lower total opioid use on each postoperative day. No notable differences were observed in sex, race, BMI, or pain scores at inpatient PT visits before discharge.

Conclusion:
After PAO surgery, the SIFI block is associated with shorter hospital LOS, reduced postoperative opioid use, and earlier mobilization when compared with those who were managed with an epidural.
Clinical effects of nonconvulsive electrotherapy combined with mindfulness-based stress reduction and changes of serum inflammatory factors in depression
Authors: Gu Zhi-Wen , Zhang Chun-Ping , Chen Li-Ping , Huang Xiong 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Depression is a common and serious psychological condition, which seriously affects individual well-being and functional ability. Traditional treatment methods include drug therapy and psychological counseling; however, these methods have different degrees of side effects and limitations. In recent years, nonconvulsive electrotherapy (NET) has attracted increasing attention as a noninvasive treatment method. However, the clinical efficacy and potential mechanism of NET on depression are still unclear. We hypothesized that NET has a positive clinical effect in the treatment of depression, and may have a regulatory effect on serum inflammatory factors during treatment.
AIM
To assess the effects of NET on depression and analyze changes in serum inflammatory factors.
METHODS
This retrospective study enrolled 140 patients undergoing treatment for depression between May 2017 and June 2022, the observation group that received a combination of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and NET treatment (n = 70) and the control group that only received MBSR therapy (n = 70). The clinical effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by assessing various factors, including the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD)-17, self-rating idea of suicide scale (SSIOS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and levels of serum inflammatory factors before and after 8 wk of treatment. The quality of life scores between the two groups were compared. Comparisons were made using t and χ2 tests.
RESULTS
After 8 wk of treatment, the observation group exhibited a 91.43% overall effectiveness rate which was higher than that of the control group which was 74.29% (64 vs 52, χ2 = 7.241; P < 0.05). The HAMD, SSIOS, and PSQI scores showed a significant decrease in both groups. Moreover, the observation group had lower scores than the control group (10.37 ± 2.04 vs 14.02 ± 2.16, t = 10.280; 1.67 ±0.28 vs 0.87 ± 0.12, t = 21.970; 5.29 ± 1.33 vs 7.94 ± 1.35, t = 11.700; P both < 0.001). Additionally, there was a notable decrease in the IL-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 in both groups after treatment. Furthermore, the observation group exhibited superior serum inflammatory factors compared to the control group (70.12 ± 10.32 vs 102.24 ± 20.21, t = 11.840; 19.35 ± 2.46 vs 22.27 ± 2.13, t = 7.508; 32.25 ± 4.6 vs 39.42 ± 4.23, t = 9.565; P both < 0.001). Moreover, the observation group exhibited significantly improved quality of life scores compared to the control group (Social function: 19.25 ± 2.76 vs 16.23 ± 2.34; Emotions: 18.54 ± 2.83 vs 12.28 ± 2.16; Environment: 18.49 ± 2.48 vs 16.56 ± 3.44; Physical health: 19.53 ± 2.39 vs 16.62 ± 3.46; P both < 0.001) after treatment.
CONCLUSION
MBSR combined with NET effectively alleviates depression, lowers inflammation (IL-2, IL-1β, and IL-6), reduces suicidal thoughts, enhances sleep, and improves the quality of life of individuals with depression.
Doeltreffendheid en doelmatigheid van het uniform subsidiekader (USK)
Authors: Klein Haarhuis Carolien 
Published: May 2024

Doeltreffendheid en doelmatigheid van het uniform subsidiekader (USK)
In de rubriek Beleidsonderzoek Benut besteden we dit keer aandacht aan de evaluatie van het uniform subsidiekader (USK).
Comparative Linguistic Analysis of Gender Representations in "The Daughters of Aai" by Fehmida Riaz and "Saleema" by Daniyal Mueenuddin
Authors: Huma Sundar , Nusrat Sultana  
Published: May 2024

Language is considered man made. Historically, males and females are controlled by socialization and linguistic hegemony. This study strives to explore the similarities and dissimilarities in gender representations in Daniyal Mueenuddin’s short story “Saleema” and Fehmida Riaz’s short story “The Daughters of Aai”, qualitatively, by doing content analysis of words, phrases and sentences through the lens of gyno-text and andro-text as cited in Barry (1995-2000) & Tyson (2006). It is found out that politically and socially constructed language controlled women more than men. It is quite clear through analysis that Fehmida Riaz’s representation of females is limited, full of shyness and confessional of females’ weaknesses. Moreover, Riaz endorses male power while Daniyal Mueenuddin portrays equally bold men and women openly and bravely, thus exposing less social linguistic control over his narrative.