bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of food and nutrient intake assessment using concentration biomarkers in European adolescents from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study
Authors: Vandevijvere S. , Geelen A. , Gonzalez-Gross M. , van't Veer P. , Dallongeville J. , Mouratidou T. , Dekkers A. , Börnhorst C. , Breidenassel C. , Crispim S. P. , Moreno L. A. , Cuenca-García M. , Vyncke K. , Beghin L. , Grammatikaki E. , De Henauw S. , Catasta G. , Hallström L. , Sjöström M. , Wärnberg J. , Esperanza L. , Slimani N. , Manios Y. , Molnár D. , Gilbert C. C. , Kafatos A. , Stehle P. , Huybrechts I. 
Published: May 2012

Accurate food and nutrient intake assessment is essential for investigating diet–disease relationships. In the present study, food and nutrient intake assessment among European adolescents using 24 h recalls (mean of two recalls) and a FFQ (separately and the combination of both) were evaluated using concentration biomarkers. Biomarkers included were vitamin C, β-carotene, DHA+EPA, vitamin B12(cobalamin and holo-transcobalamin) and folate (erythrocyte folate and plasma folate). For the evaluation of the food intake assessment 390 adolescents were included, while 697 were included for the nutrient intake assessment evaluation. Spearman rank and Pearson correlations, and validity coefficients, which are correlations between intake estimated and habitual true intake, were calculated. Correlations were higher between frequency of food consumption (from the FFQ) and concentration biomarkers than between mean food intake (from the recalls) and concentration biomarkers, especially for DHA+EPA (r0·35v.r0·27). Most correlations were higher among girls than boys. For boys, the highest validity coefficients were found for frequency of fruit consumption (0·88) and for DHA+EPA biomarker (0·71). In girls, the highest validity coefficients were found for fruit consumption frequency (0·76), vegetable consumption frequency (0·74), mean fruit intake (0·90) and DHA+EPA biomarker (0·69). After exclusion of underreporters, correlations slightly improved. Correlations between usual food intakes, adjusted for food consumption frequency, and concentration biomarkers were higher than correlations between mean food intakes and concentration biomarkers. In conclusion, two non-consecutive 24 h recalls in combination with a FFQ seem to be appropriate to rank subjects according to their usual food intake.
‘The risks of playing it safe’: a prospective longitudinal study of response to reward in the adolescent offspring of depressed parents
Authors: Rawal A. , Collishaw S. , Thapar A. , Rice F. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundAlterations in reward processing may represent an early vulnerability factor for the development of depressive disorder. Depression in adults is associated with reward hyposensitivity and diminished reward seeking may also be a feature of depression in children and adolescents. We examined the role of reward responding in predicting depressive symptoms, functional impairment and new-onset depressive disorder over time in the adolescent offspring of depressed parents. In addition, we examined group differences in reward responding between currently depressed adolescents, psychiatric and healthy controls, and also cross-sectional associations between reward responding and measures of positive social/environmental functioning.MethodWe conducted a 1-year longitudinal study of adolescents at familial risk for depression (n = 197; age range 10–18 years). Reward responding and self-reported social/environmental functioning were assessed at baseline. Clinical interviews determined diagnostic status at baseline and at follow-up. Reports of depressive symptoms and functional impairment were also obtained.ResultsLow reward seeking predicted depressive symptoms and new-onset depressive disorder at the 1-year follow-up in individuals free from depressive disorder at baseline, independently of baseline depressive symptoms. Reduced reward seeking also predicted functional impairment. Adolescents with current depressive disorder were less reward seeking (i.e. bet less at favourable odds) than adolescents free from psychopathology and those with externalizing disorders. Reward seeking showed positive associations with social and environmental functioning (extra-curricular activities, humour, friendships) and was negatively associated with anhedonia. There were no group differences in impulsivity, decision making or psychomotor slowing.ConclusionsReward seeking predicts depression severity and onset in adolescents at elevated risk of depression. Adaptive reward responses may be amenable to change through modification of existing preventive psychological interventions.
The urban and the urbane: Identities, language ideologies, and Arabic dialects in Morocco
Authors: Hachimi Atiqa 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe migration of old-urban elites to new-urban areas has been given scant attention in the sociolinguistics of mobility. This article examines language ideologies of differentiation that emerged from the migration of Morocco's bona fide old-urban elite from the city of Fez (the Fessis) to the new metropolis of Casablanca. This understudied sociolinguistic encounter brings into sharp focus two quintessential old-urban and new-urban varieties of Arabic along with their complex indexical system that links linguistic forms to identities, lifestyles, and moralities. Based on ethnography and discourse analysis of interviews with two women of Fessi extraction in Casablanca (a migrant and a local-born), I provide an in-depth account of what sounding Fessi means and accomplishes—and fails to accomplish—for these women, showing in the process the (re)production and change of language ideologies. The article demonstrates how changes in indexicalities relate to ongoing group boundary reconfiguration and to processes of linguistic (non)accommodation. (Arabic, North Africa, language ideologies, indexicality, gender, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics of mobility, historical prestige, social reallocation)*
Gesture's community: Social organization in multimodal conduct
Authors: Matoesian Gregory 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article analyzes the multimodal integration of gesture, talk, and sociocultural context. More specifically, I investigate how forms of Gemeinschaft/Gesellshaft community are embodied in the concrete details of multimodal form—in the iconic interplay of multimodal practice and symbolic forms of social organization. Using a focus group interview of community policing training, I show how criss-crossing laminations of participation emerge through novel gestural configurations like multimodal quotation and pragmatic beats to not only pace the rhythm of speech but simultaneously plot the spatial coordinates of social organization. In the course of events, we see how speakers integrate gesture, gaze, and postural orientation into the stream of their utterances to project rhythmically infused meanings of communal identity, social solidarity, and cultural opposition. (Multimodality, community, legal discourse)*
Further routes to psychological constructionism
Authors: Humeny Courtney , Kelly Deirdre , Brook Andrew 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this commentary, we do two things. First, we sketch two further routes to psychological constructionism. They are complementary to Lindquist et al.'s meta-analyses and have potential to add new evidence. Second, we look at a challenging kind of case for constructionism, namely, emotional anomalies where there are correlated, and probably relevant, brain anomalies. Psychopaths are our example.
Emotions of “higher” cognition
Authors: Perlovsky Leonid 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe target article by Lindquist et al. considers discrete emotions. This commentary argues that these are but a minor part of human emotional abilities, unifying us with animals. Uniquely human emotions are aesthetic emotions related to the need for the knowledge of “high” cognition, including emotions of the beautiful, cognitive dissonances, and musical emotions. This commentary touches on their cognitive functions and origins.
Emotions as mind organs
Authors: de Gelder Beatrice , Vandenbulcke Mathieu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn matters of the mind, the opposition between what is mind-made or inside and natural or outside the mind is bound to misfire. Lindquist et al. build their analysis on a strong contrast between naturalism, which they reject, and psychologism, which they endorse. We challenge this opposition and indicate how adopting psychologism to combat a naturalistic view of emotional mind/brain areas is self-defeating. We briefly develop the alternative view of emotions as mental organs.
Emotion and personality factors influence the neural response to emotional stimuli
Authors: Murphy Fionnuala C. , Ewbank Michael P. , Calder Andrew J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLindquist et al. assess the neural evidence for locationist versus psychological construction accounts of human emotion. A wealth of experimental and clinical investigations show that individual differences in emotion and personality influence emotion processing. These factors may also influence the brain's response to emotional stimuli. A synthesis of the relevant neuroimaging data must therefore take these factors into consideration.
What's in a baby-cry? Locationist and constructionist frameworks in parental brain responses
Authors: Swain James E. , Ho S. Shaun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractParental brain responses to baby stimuli constitute a unique model to study brain-basis frameworks of emotion. Results for baby-cry and picture stimuli may fit with both locationist and psychological constructionist hypotheses. Furthermore, the utility of either model may depend on postpartum timing and relationship. Endocrine effects may also be critical for accurate models to assess mental health risk and treatment.
What are emotions and how are they created in the brain?
Authors: Lindquist Kristen A. , Wager Tor D. , Bliss-Moreau Eliza , Kober Hedy , Barrett Lisa Feldman 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn our response, we clarify important theoretical differences between basic emotion and psychological construction approaches. We evaluate the empirical status of the basic emotion approach, addressing whether it requires brain localization, whether localization can be observed with better analytic tools, and whether evidence for basic emotions exists in other types of measures. We then revisit the issue of whether the key hypotheses of psychological construction are supported by our meta-analytic findings. We close by elaborating on commentator suggestions for future research.
A COMPARISON OF TWO SEARCH METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE SCOPE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENTS
Authors: Forsetlund Louise , Kirkehei Ingvild , Harboe Ingrid , Odgaard-Jensen Jan 
Published: May 2012

Objectives:This study aims to compare two different search methods for determining the scope of a requested systematic review or health technology assessment. The first method (called the Direct Search Method) included performing direct searches in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) and the Health Technology Assessments (HTA). Using the comparison method (called the NHS Search Engine) we performed searches by means of the search engine of the British National Health Service, NHS Evidence.Methods:We used an adapted cross-over design with a random allocation of fifty-five requests for systematic reviews. The main analyses were based on repeated measurements adjusted for the order in which the searches were conducted.Results:The Direct Search Method generated on average fewer hits (48 percent [95 percent confidence interval {CI} 6 percent to 72 percent], had a higher precision (0.22 [95 percent CI, 0.13 to 0.30]) and more unique hits than when searching by means of the NHS Search Engine (50 percent [95 percent CI, 7 percent to 110 percent]). On the other hand, the Direct Search Method took longer (14.58 minutes [95 percent CI, 7.20 to 21.97]) and was perceived as somewhat less user-friendly than the NHS Search Engine (−0.60 [95 percent CI, −1.11 to −0.09]).Conclusions:Although the Direct Search Method had some drawbacks such as being more time-consuming and less user-friendly, it generated more unique hits than the NHS Search Engine, retrieved on average fewer references and fewer irrelevant results.
Observational and checklist measures of vocabulary composition: what do they mean?
Authors: Pine Julian M. , Lieven Elena V. M. , Rowland Caroline 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTObservational and checklist measures of vocabulary composition have both recently been used to look at the absolute proportion of nouns in children's early vocabularies. However, they have tended to generate rather different results. The present study is an attempt to investigate the relationship between such measures in a sample of 26 children between 1;1 and 2;1 at approximately 50 and 100 words. The results show that although observational and checklist measures are significantly correlated, there are also systematic quantitative differences between them which seem to reflect a combination of checklist, maternal-report and observational sampling biases. This suggests that, although both kinds of measure may represent good indices of differences in vocabulary size and composition across children and hence be useful as dependent variables in correlational research, neither may be ideal for estimating the absolute proportion of nouns in children's vocabularies. The implication is that questions which rely on information about the absolute proportion of particular kinds of words in children's vocabularies can only be properly addressed by detailed longitudinal studies in which an attempt is made to collect more comprehensive vocabulary records for individual children.
Elementary theory of bed‐sediment entrainment by debris flows and avalanches
Authors: Iverson Richard M. 
Published: May 2012

Analyses of mass and momentum exchange between a debris flow or avalanche and an underlying sediment layer aid interpretations and predictions of bed‐sediment entrainment rates. A preliminary analysis assesses the behavior of a Coulomb slide block that entrains bed material as it descends a uniform slope. The analysis demonstrates that the block's momentum can grow unstably, even in the presence of limited entrainment efficiency. A more‐detailed, depth‐integrated continuum analysis of interacting, deformable bodies identifies mechanical controls on entrainment efficiency, and shows that entrainment rates satisfy a jump condition that involves shear‐traction and velocity discontinuities at the flow‐bed boundary. Explicit predictions of the entrainment rateEresult from making reasonable assumptions about flow velocity profiles and boundary shear tractions. For Coulomb‐friction tractions, predicted entrainment rates are sensitive to pore fluid pressures that develop in bed sediment as it is overridden. In the simplest scenario the bed sediment liquefies completely, and the entrainment‐rate equation reduces toE = 2μ1gh1 cos θ(1 − λ1)/
, where θ is the slope angle, μ1 is the flow's Coulomb friction coefficient, h1 is its thickness, λ1 is its degree of liquefaction, and
is its depth‐averaged velocity. For values ofλ1ranging from 0.5 to 0.8, this equation predicts entrainment rates consistent with rates of 0.05 to 0.1 m/s measured in large‐scale debris‐flow experiments in which wet sediment beds liquefied almost completely. The propensity for bed liquefaction depends on several factors, including sediment porosity, permeability, and thickness, and rates of compression and shear deformation that occur when beds are overridden.
Witt groups of Grassmann varieties
Authors: Balmer Paul , Calmès Baptiste 
Published: May 2012

We compute the Witt groups of split Grassmann varieties, over any regular base XX. The answer is that the total Witt group of the Grassmannian is a free module over the total Witt ring of XX. We provide an explicit basis for this free module, which is indexed by a special class of Young diagrams, that we callevenYoung diagrams.
Morvan Syndrome
Authors: Abou-Zeid Elias , Boursoulian Lana Jeradeh , Metzer Walter S. , Gundogdu Betul 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Morvan syndrome is characterized by central, autonomic, and peripheral hyperactivity. Examples of central hyperactivity include confusion, memory problems, hallucinations, insomnia, and myoclonus; examples of autonomic hyperactivity include hyperhidrosis and fluctuations in blood pressure; examples of peripheral hyperreactivity include clinical or electrophysiological evidence of painful cramps, myokymia, and neuromyotonia. We present a typical case of Morvan syndrome and the first detailed review of the clinical and therapeutic literature of all 27 cases from the English language literature. Morvan syndrome is considered to be an autoimmune disorder and antibodies against voltage-gated potassium channels are found in most cases. Oral immunomodulatory therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasmapharesis may be entertained. Thymoma is found in approximately 50% of cases and thymectomy may be curative as in our particular case.
PINK1 is activated by mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and stimulates Parkin E3 ligase activity by phosphorylating Serine 65
Authors: Kondapalli Chandana , Kazlauskaite Agne , Zhang Ning , Woodroof Helen I. , Campbell David G. , Gourlay Robert , Burchell Lynn , Walden Helen , Macartney Thomas J. , Deak Maria , Knebel Axel , Alessi Dario R. , Muqit Miratul M. K. 
Published: May 2012

Summary

Missense mutations in PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) cause autosomal-recessive inherited Parkinson's disease (PD). We have exploited our recent discovery that recombinant insect PINK1 is catalytically active to test whether PINK1 directly phosphorylates 15 proteins encoded by PD-associated genes as well as proteins reported to bind PINK1. We have discovered that insect PINK1 efficiently phosphorylates only one of these proteins, namely the E3 ligase Parkin. We have mapped the phosphorylation site to a highly conserved residue within the Ubl domain of Parkin at Ser
65
. We show that human PINK1 is specifically activated by mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) depolarization, enabling it to phosphorylate Parkin at Ser
65
. We further show that phosphorylation of Parkin at Ser
65
leads to marked activation of its E3 ligase activity that is prevented by mutation of Ser
65
or inactivation of PINK1. We provide evidence that once activated, PINK1 autophosphorylates at several residues, including Thr
257
, which is accompanied by an electrophoretic mobility band-shift. These results provide the first evidence that PINK1 is activated following Δψm depolarization and suggest that PINK1 directly phosphorylates and activates Parkin. Our findings indicate that monitoring phosphorylation of Parkin at Ser
65
and/or PINK1 at Thr
257
represent the first biomarkers for examining activity of the PINK1-Parkin signalling pathway
in vivo
. Our findings also suggest that small molecule activators of Parkin that mimic the effect of PINK1 phosphorylation may confer therapeutic benefit for PD.
Prevalence of pathological internet use among adolescents in Europe: demographic and social factors
Authors: Durkee Tony , Kaess Michael , Carli Vladimir , Parzer Peter , Wasserman Camilla , Floderus Birgitta , Apter Alan , Balazs Judit , Barzilay Shira , Bobes Julio , Brunner Romuald , Corcoran Paul , Cosman Doina , Cotter Padraig , Despalins Romain , Graber Nadja , Guillemin Francis , Haring Christian , Kahn Jean‐Pierre , Mandelli Laura , Marusic Dragan , Mészáros Gergely , Musa George J. , Postuvan Vita , Resch Franz , Saiz Pilar A. , Sisask Merike , Varnik Airi , Sarchiapone Marco , Hoven Christina W. , Wasserman Danuta 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimsTo investigate the prevalence of pathological internet use (PIU) and maladaptive internet use (MIU) among adolescents in 11 European countries in relation to demographic, social factors and internet accessibility.DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingThe 7th Framework European Union (EU) funded project, Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE), is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating interventions for risk behaviours among adolescents in Austria, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Romania, Slovenia and Spain, with Sweden serving as the coordinating centre.ParticipantsA total of 11 956 adolescents (female/male: 6731/5225; mean age: 14.9 ± 0.89) recruited from randomly selected schools within the 11 study sites.MeasurementsInternet users were classified by gender into three categories: adaptive, maladaptive and pathological, based on their score in the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction (YDQ).FindingsThe overall prevalence of PIU was 4.4%; it was higher among males than females (5.2% versus 3.8%) and differed between countries (χ2 = 309.98; d.f. = 20; P < 0.001). PIU correlated significantly with mean hours online and male gender. The highest‐ranked online activities were watching videos, frequenting chatrooms and social networking; significantly higher rates of playing single‐user games were found in males and social networking in females. Living in metropolitan areas was associated with PIU. Students not living with a biological parent, low parental involvement and parental unemployment showed the highest relative risks of both MIU and PIU.ConclusionsAcross a range of countries in Europe, using the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction yields a prevalence of ‘pathological internet use’ of 4.4% among adolescents, but varies by country and gender; adolescents lacking emotional and psychological support are at highest risk.
The safety and efficacy of antitumour necrosis factor‐alpha therapy for inflammatory bowel disease in patients post liver transplantation: a case series
Authors: Sandhu A. , Alameel T. , Dale C. H. , Levstik M. , Chande N. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryBackgroundThe role of antitumour necrosis factor‐alpha (anti‐TNF) therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) among liver transplant recipients is largely unknown given the rarity of this population and the paucity of literature on the subject.AimTo investigate the safety and efficacy of anti‐TNF therapy for refractory IBD in the post liver transplant population.MethodsThe liver transplant database at London Health Sciences Centre was searched to identify adult patients with IBD treated with anti‐TNF therapy post transplantation.ResultsSix patients (five men, one woman) were identified, aged 28–65. All patients had cadaveric orthotopic liver transplants. Four patients required transplantation due to primary sclerosing cholangitis, one due to autoimmune hepatitis, and one due to biliary atresia. Five patients suffered from Crohn's disease and the remaining patient from indeterminate colitis. All patients were treated with infliximab 5 mg/kg every 8 weeks after undergoing induction at weeks 0, 2 and 6, with the exception of one patient. The duration of infliximab therapy ranged from 8 weeks to 4 years. Four patients treated with infliximab experienced sustained improvement of their IBD symptoms post transplantation, as documented by Harvey–Bradshaw Index scores demonstrating clinical remission. Of the remaining two patients, neither had sustained improvement of their IBD with infliximab or subsequent adalimumab. One patient was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and another with colorectal adenocarcinoma following anti‐TNF therapy. Otherwise, no side effects were attributed to anti‐TNF therapy.ConclusionsBased on this case series, anti‐TNF therapy appears to be safe and effective for treating refractory IBD in patients post liver transplantation. These patients respond to anti‐TNF therapy similar to those who have not been previously transplanted.