bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Norton Grape: American Viticulture's Native Son
Authors: opfer chris 
Published: August 2011

Norton is a little known grape whose history is inextricably intertwined with that of the wine industries in two states not generally known for viticulture: Virginia and Missouri.
Virginia settlers began experimenting with wine making in 1609. Two centuries later a Richmond physician finally found a grape hearty enough to sustain the region's tough climate. The result, Dr. Daniel Norton's “Virginia Seedling”—what one grower calls “bulletproof”—is naturally resistant to the American-born plagues that still haunt European grapes.
The grape grew in popularity not only in Virginia, but also in Missouri, where German immigrants made the state the country's leading winemaker. By the early twentieth century, however, the thriving viticulture in both states fell victim to a sweeping wave of prohibition. The wine industries vanished, taking Norton with them.
Norton returned to Missouri in 1965 when a vintner found the grape growing wild in a bootlegger's back yard. It didn't reappear in significant quantity in Virginia until fifty-six years after the repeal of Prohibition, reintroduced to its native land by a Missourian. In the decades since, the grape's production has grown partially as a result of the state's blossoming wine industry, but Norton still remains a little known varietal, championed by a handful of passionate growers.
Introduction
Authors: Dearstyne Bruce W. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
This special issue of the Public Historian explores issues relating to the management of public history programs in New York State. State history is something that continues to be worthy of preservation, management, study, and analysis because of the distinctive historical development and traits of each state and the role of state history as a portal to national history. New York's history is complex because of its size, ethnic diversity, cosmopolitan character, and the rapid pace of its historical development. What might be termed its “historical infrastructure”—the totality of programs to manage its history—is also complex. State government history programs include the State Archives, State Museum, and Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation. There are large organizations with statewide programs and influence such as the New York State Historical Association, dozens of state historic sites, and several hundred local historical societies and historical museums. Issues include lack of funding, inadequate public support, fragmentation of effort and need for better coordination, and need for more robust use of information technology. Each of the seven essays represents its author's insights and perspectives on accomplishments, issues, and needs.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Type 2 Diabetes in African Americans: The Common Denominators
Authors: Davis Shani V. 
Published: August 2011

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and type 2 diabetes is disproportionately elevated in African Americans compared to other ethnic groups in the United States. Despite recent advances in diabetes treatment and management, the most significant escalation in incidence of type 2 diabetes has been in this group. Some studies suggest a possible role for vitamin D deficiency in the development of type 2 diabetes and that insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity are reduced when vitamin D levels are deficient.
Obesity, hyperglycemia, cardiovascular disease, and minority race are common among people with type 2 diabetes and vitamin D deficiency. These phenomena are known precursors to the development of type 2 diabetes and exacerbate the risk for complications where diabetes exists. Poverty, urban living settings, and lactose intolerance are also common among African Americans. These conditions promote opportunities for vitamin D deficiency to manifest and attenuate opportunities for participation in health-promoting behaviors by those affected. The common traits between vitamin D deficiency and type 2 diabetes merit careful attention.
Novel one‐step synthesis to cross‐linked polymeric nanoparticles as highly active and selective catalysts for cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides
Authors: Xiong Yubing , Wang Yujiao , Wang Hong , Wang Rongmin , Cui Zipeng 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHighly cross‐linked polymeric nanoparticles were prepared via novel one‐step synthesis by copolymerizing ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and the ionic liquid, 1‐vinyl‐3‐(2‐methoxy‐2‐oxyl ethyl) imidazolium chloride ([VMIm]Cl). The results indicated that nanoparticles with the average size of about 350 nm could be obtained conveniently through the cross‐linking copolymerization. The nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform Infrared, thermo gravimetric analysis, element analysis, and X‐ray diffraction techniques. Moreover, the cross‐linked polymeric nanoparticles were highly active and selective catalysts for the cycloaddition reaction of carbon dioxide to epoxides. The influences of reaction time, reaction temperature, CO2 pressure, and amount of catalyst on yield of the products were investigated. The results revealed that cyclic carbonates with high yield (98.4%) and selectivity (100%) could be produced on the condition of 0.1 g catalyst, 5 MPa CO2, 160°C and 12 h. In addition, the nanocatalysts could be easily recovered by filtration, and reused several times with only slight loss of catalytic activity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Highly sensitive chemiluminescence determination of tenoxicam using a cerium(IV)–sodium hyposulphite system in micellar medium
Authors: Chen Siyu , Zhao Fang 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTA simple, rapid and precise flow‐injection–chemiluminescence (FI–CL) method is presented for the determination of tenoxicam in pharmaceutical preparations and biological samples. The method is based on the weak chemiluminescence signal arising from the reaction of cerium(IV) in a nitric acid medium with sodium hyposulphite being significantly increased by tenoxicam in the presence of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate. Several experimental parameters affecting the CL reaction were examined and optimized systematically. Under the optimum conditions, the CL intensity was proportional to the concentration of tenoxicam in the range 7.0 × 10–11–5.0 × 10–8 g/mL. The detection limit was 2.3 × 10–11 g/mL tenoxicam and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.1% for 1.0 × 10–9 g/mL tenoxicam solution (n = 11). The proposed method was applied to the determination of tenoxicam in pharmaceutical preparations, serum and human urine, with satisfactory results. The possible mechanism of the chemiluminescence reaction is also briefly discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of an embedded mobile device based feedback system for real‐time audience feedback
Authors: Knutas Antti , Hämäläinen Harri , Ikonen Jouni , Porras Jari 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe article presents design and implementation of a mobile device based feedback system for lectures. The system permits participants to use mobile devices to post questions to the presenter's screen without interrupting the spoken flow of the presentation. Tests in conferences showed that the system increases the amount of feedback. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21:E31–E40, 2013
Electronic Effect of Substituents on the DNA Intercalation of Ruthenium(II)Polypyridyl Complexes
Authors: Zheng Chang‐Ge , Ma Chun‐Lei , Yu Xiao‐Wei , Qian Qian‐Li , Song Yang , Kong Jun , Xu Yan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFive ruthenium(II) complexes, i.e., [Ru(bpy)2(TIP)]2+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine; TIP=2‐thiophenimidazo[4,5‐f] [1,10]phenanthroline; 1), [Ru(bpy)2(5‐NTIP)]2+ (5‐NTIP=2‐(5‐nitrothiophen)imidazo[4,5‐f] [1,10]phenanthroline; 2), [Ru(bpy)2(5‐MOTIP)]2+ (5‐MOTIP=2‐(5‐methoxythiophen)imidazo[4,5‐f] [1,10]phenanthroline; 3), [Ru(bpy)2(5‐BTIP)]2+ (5‐BTIP=2‐(5‐bromothiophen)imidazo[4,5‐f] [1,10]phenanthroline; 4), and [Ru(bpy)2(4‐BTIP)]2+ (4‐BTIP=2‐(4‐bromothiophen)imidazo[4,5‐f] [1,10]phenanthroline; 5), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and UV/VIS, IR, and 1H‐NMR spectroscopic methods. The photophysical and DNA‐binding properties were investigated by means of UV and fluorescence spectroscopic methods and viscosity measurements, respectively. The results suggest that all five complexes can bind to CT‐DNA with various binding strength. Complexes 2 and 3 showed the strongest and the weakest binding affinity, respectively, among these five complexes. Due to the substituent position of the Br‐atom in the ligand, complex 5 interacted stronger with CT‐DNA than complex 4. The binding affinities of the complexes decreased in the order 2, 5, 4, 1, and 3.
Stability Studies on Random Folded RNAs (‘Never Born RNAs’), Implications for the RNA World
Authors: Anella Fabrizio , Chiarabelli Cristiano , De Lucrezia Davide , Luisi Pier Luigi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn the last years, we have developed a method for the study of random RNA sequences with the aim of investigating their capacity to assume folded and possibly functionally active (ribozymes) structures. The RNA Foster assay developed in our laboratory is a powerful, simple, and fast method to investigate the structural properties of RNA by assessing the presence of secondary domains and their thermal stability through the combination of S1 nuclease activity at different temperatures. In this work, we investigated the structural properties of totally de novo random RNAs, 97‐nucleotides‐long, of which 60 nucleotides were completely random. The rationale behind this was to assess whether and to what extent random RNAs would acquire a stable fold as a prerequisite for catalytic activity. A library of random sequences was created, and 18 sequences were randomly selected and analyzed. Surprisingly, most of the RNAs were resistant to S1 nuclease digestion at up to 50°, and two sequences were resistant even at 70°, suggesting that these totally random RNA molecules could posses a stable secondary structure over a broad range of temperatures under the conditions used. We discuss the possible relevance of these data for the general scenario of the RNA world.
N‐Methyl‐Substituted Fluorescent DAG–Indololactone Isomers Exhibit Dramatic Differences in Membrane Interactions and Biological Activity
Authors: Gal Noga , Kolusheva Sofiya , Kedei Noemi , Telek Andrea , Naeem Taiyabah A. , Lewin Nancy E. , Lim Langston , Mannan Poonam , Garfield Susan H. , El Kazzouli Saïd , Sigano Dina M. , Marquez Victor E. , Blumberg Peter M. , Jelinek Raz 
Published: August 2011

AbstractN‐methyl‐substituted diacylglycerol–indololactones (DAG–indololactones) are newly synthesized effectors of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms and exhibit substantial selectivity between RasGRP3 and PKCα. We present a comprehensive analysis of membrane interactions and biological activities of several DAG–indololactones. Translocation and binding activity assays underline significant variations between the PKC translocation characteristics affected by the ligands as compared to their binding activities. In parallel, the fluorescent properties of the ligands were employed for analysis of their membrane association profiles. Specifically, we found that a slight change in the linkage to the indole ring resulted in significant differences in membrane binding and association of the DAG–indololactones with lipid bilayers. Our analysis shows that seemingly small structural modifications of the hydrophobic regions of these biomimetic PKC effectors contribute to pronounced modulation of membrane interactions of the ligands.
Inhibition of Amyloid Aggregation by Formation of Helical Assemblies
Authors: Brandenburg Enrico , von Berlepsch Hans , Gerling Ulla I. M. , Böttcher Christoph , Koksch Beate 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe formation of amyloid aggregates is responsible for a wide range of diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Although the amyloid‐forming proteins have different structures and sequences, all undergo a conformational change to form amyloid aggregates that have a characteristic cross‐β‐structure. The mechanistic details of this process are poorly understood, but different strategies for the development of inhibitors of amyloid formation have been proposed. In most cases, chemically diverse compounds bind to an elongated form of the protein in a β‐strand conformation and thereby exert their therapeutic effect. However, this approach could favor the formation of prefibrillar oligomeric species, which are thought to be toxic. Herein, we report an alternative approach in which a helical coiled‐coil‐based inhibitor peptide has been designed to engage a coiled‐coil‐based amyloid‐forming model peptide in a stable coiled‐coil arrangement, thereby preventing rearrangement into a β‐sheet conformation and the subsequent formation of amyloid‐like fibrils. Moreover, we show that the helix‐forming peptide is able to disassemble mature amyloid‐like fibrils.
Multimodal Metal Cation Sensing with Bis(macrocyclic) Dye
Authors: Tulyakova Elena , Delbaere Stephanie , Fedorov Yuri , Jonusauskas Gedaminas , Moiseeva Anna , Fedorova Olga 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe synthesis, electrochemical, optical, and cation sensing properties of a bis(macrocyclic) dye 1, in which the benzo‐15‐crown‐5 and phenylazathia‐15‐crown‐5 subunits are linked through a styryl pyridinium moiety, are reported. In this new ditopic receptor, the benzo‐15‐crown‐5 macrocycle acts as a highly selective binding site for alkaline earth metal cations (MgII and BaII), whereas the phenylazathia‐15‐crown‐5 displays a strong binding affinity towards soft heavy‐metal cations (HgII and AgI). The pronounced changes of the absorption and fluorescence spectra of this bichromophoric dye observed upon different metal cation addition make the dye suitable for dual‐wavelength analysis and offer an enticing potential for multitasking sensors.
Coastal storm characterization and morphological impacts on sandy coasts
Authors: Rangel‐Buitrago N. , Anfuso G. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe present work deals with storm classification, using the Storm Power Index, and beach morphological response to storm events in the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Spain). Over the 1958–2001 period, 377 events divided into five classes ranging from ‘weak’ to ‘extreme’ were characterized. Classes I (weak) and II (moderate) accounted for 60% and 23% of events, respectively. Class III (significant), were 9% of the recorded events and Classes IV (severe) and V (extreme) accounted for 5% and 2%, respectively. The probability of storm occurrence per year ranged from 93% for Class I to 15% for Class V. In order to characterize beach response to storm events, 214 beach profiles carried out with a monthly periodicity over the 1996–1998 period along the Chipiona‐Rota littoral were analysed, as well as published data. Different beach types were observed: (i) ‘Intermediate’ beaches underwent important vertical relief changes ranging from 0.3 m to 1.33 m associated with average slope changes from tan β = 0.06 to tan β = 0.03; (ii) the ‘dissipative’ beaches were characterized by smaller and homogeneous foreshore vertical changes, from c. 0.36 m to 0.65 m, according to the parallel retreat mechanism characterized by small slope variations (from tan β = 0.025 to tan β = 0.035); and (iii) ‘intermediate with rock shore platform’ experienced small morphological and foreshore slope variations, related to both beach pivoting and parallel retreat mechanisms. The most important morphological changes were due to the impact of usually ‘weak’ and ‘moderate’ events during October and November that produced berm erosion and upper foreshore lowering, and the impact of ‘severe’, ‘significant’ and ‘extreme’ events in December and January which produced dune escarpment, overwash and/or damage to coastal structures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manganese(III) Acetate Catalyzed Oxidative Radical Additions of α‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to 1‐ and 2‐Phenylcyclohepta‐1,3,5‐triene
Authors: Findik Esra , Ceylan Mustafa 
Published: August 2011

AbstractManganese(III) acetate catalyzed oxidative radical‐addition reactions of α‐dicarbonyl compounds such as methyl acetoacetate (6), acetylacetone (7), and dimedone (8) to the mixture of 1‐ and 2‐phenylcyclohepta‐1,3,5‐triene (4 and 5) were investigated (Scheme 1). The 1‐phenylcyclohepta‐1,3,5‐triene (4) formed mainly [2+3] and [4+3] dihydrofuran addition products derived from cycloheptatriene and [2+3] dihydrofuran addition products derived from the norcaradiene structure. The 2‐phenylcyclohepta‐1,3,5‐triene (5) formed mainly [6+3] dihydrofuran addition products derived from cycloheptatriene and [4+3] dihydrofuran addition products derived from the norcaradiene structure. The structures of isolated products were established by their spectroscopic data (IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, MS, and elemental analysis) and comparison with literature data. The formation mechanism of the products is discussed.
Sea spray concentrations and the icing of fixed offshore structures
Authors: Jones Kathleen F. , Andreas Edgar L 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe compile measurements of sea spray droplet concentrations near the ocean surface for wind speeds from 0 to 28.8 m s−1. We plot each concentration distribution with the Andreas/Fairall spray generation function for that wind speed to display the production velocity distribution that is required for them to be compatible. The comparison shows that the equilibrium assumption is not consistent with this spray generation function. As an alternative, we try a spray concentration function from the literature and find that it represents the data well for moderate to high wind speeds. Using the compiled data, we then extend this concentration function to the very high wind speeds that generate spume droplets. This function has a stronger dependence on wind speed and a longer tail than the concentration function for jet and film droplets produced by bursting bubbles in whitecaps. To validate these concentration functions, we use a simple ice accretion model with weather data and icing observations from two offshore platforms. The results show that moderate‐to‐high wind speeds that generate film and jet droplets result in small ice accumulations. However, larger spume droplets created at very high wind speeds produce high icing rates. The spray generation function that is consistent with the equilibrium assumption has a median volume droplet radius characteristic of jet droplets for moderate and high wind speeds and a radius that is characteristic of spume droplets at very high speeds. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
DEFINING MINIMUM ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS AT REGIONAL SCALE: APPLICATION OF MESOSCALE HABITAT MODELS AND CATCHMENTS CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Vezza P. , Parasiewicz P. , Rosso M. , Comoglio C. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIn the context of water resources planning, this work defined a possible approach to quantify minimum environmental flows (e‐flows) at a regional scale. Focusing on catchments smaller than 50 km2, the problem was addressed through mesoscale habitat models and a catchment classification technique (regression tree algorithm). Within the Piedmont region in NW Italy, 25 reference streams were chosen on the basis of the natural condition of the flow regime and fish community. Mesohabitats were sampled for hydromorphic and fish parameters following the mesoscale habitat models approach. Logistic regression models, along with 55 habitat descriptors, were then used to build multivariate habitat suitability criteria, identifying the habitat characteristics mostly used by the target fish species. These models were applied to each stream reach and used to classify each mesohabitat into suitability categories. The reference minimum discharge for each stream was derived from habitat–flow rating curves. Finally, to define the regional criteria, the study domain was split according to the regression tree classification, defining homogenous sub‐regions distinct on both e‐flows and catchment/stream characteristics. This bottom–up approach used a catchment classification technique based on the environmental requirements of the fish communities and demonstrated potentials for further applications to defining e‐flows at regional scales. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die Vakuumtechnik
Authors: Jorisch Wolfgang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSchon die Genesis, das erste Buch Mose, spricht zu Beginn der Schöpfungsgeschichte vom Vakuum, der Leere oder dem Nichts: „und die Erde war wüst und leer, und es war finster auf der Tiefe”︁. Einen Satz weiter heißt es dann: „und Gott sprach, es werde Licht und es ward Licht”︁. Ich möchte mir nicht anmaßen, einen religiösen Bezug zur Vakuumtechnik herzustellen, aber wir können festhalten, bereits die Bibel stellt einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Nichts, dem Vakuum und dem Licht her.
A cross-corpus study of subjectivity identification using unsupervised learning
Authors: WANG DONG , LIU YANG 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this study, we investigate using unsupervised generative learning methods for subjectivity detection across different domains. We create an initial training set using simple lexicon information and then evaluate two iterative learning methods with a base naive Bayes classifier to learn from unannotated data. The first method is self-training, which adds instances with high confidence into the training set in each iteration. The second is a calibrated EM (expectation-maximization) method where we calibrate the posterior probabilities from EM such that the class distribution is similar to that in the real data. We evaluate both approaches on three different domains: movie data, news resource, and meeting dialogues, and we found that in some cases the unsupervised learning methods can achieve performance close to the fully supervised setup. We perform a thorough analysis to examine factors, such as self-labeling accuracy of the initial training set in unsupervised learning, the accuracy of the added examples in self-training, and the size of the initial training set in different methods. Our experiments and analysis show inherent differences across domains and impacting factors explaining the model behaviors.
The institutionalization of a parliamentary dimension of an intergovernmental organization: the WTO
Authors: ROMMETVEDT HILMAR 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe article analyses the development of a parliamentary dimension of the WTO from the first informal meetings of parliamentarians in 1996, via the adoption of Rules of Procedure for yearly Parliamentary Conferences on the WTO in 2004, to March 2011 when for the first time the Parliamentary Conference took place on the premises of the WTO. The author presents theoretical contributions that may explain why national parliamentarians engage in an intergovernmental organization such as the WTO. The development of the parliamentary dimension is related to the crumbling borderline between domestic and international affairs. Finally, the article raises a number of questions for further research, and for consideration among parliamentarians as well as in the WTO.