bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orofacial and systemic manifestations in 212 paediatric HIV patients from Chennai, South India
Authors: RANGANATHAN KANNAN , GEETHALAKSHMI ELUMALAI , KRISHNA MOHAN RAO UMADEVI , VIDYA KAAZHIYUR MUDIMBAIMANNAR , KUMARASAMY NAGALINGESWARAN , SOLOMON SUNITI 
Published: June 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 276–282 Background.  Lesions in the mouth and in other tissues and organs (oral and systemic lesions) in paediatric HIV infection are diverse and show differences in clinical presentation and severity from that of adults. Very little data exist for oral lesions in paediatric population in India.Aim.  To document and study oral and more widespread lesions in paediatric HIV seropositive patients.Design.  A cross‐sectional study.Setting.  Paediatric HIV seropositive patients at tertiary centers: Ragas Dental College and Hospital and YRG CARE, Chennai, India.Patients and methods.  Two hundred and twelve paediatric HIV patients aged 0–14 years seen over a period of 1 year were included in the study. Clinical history, oral and systemic examinations were recorded by qualified dental surgeons and physicians.Results.  One hundred and thirty‐two patients had oral lesions ranging in number from one to three. Oral lesions included oral candidiasis (OC) (56.1%), gingivitis (10.8%), oral pigmentation (6.1%), depapillation of the tongue (5.7%), ulcers (4.2%), and oral hairy leukoplakia (1.4%). The most common systemic lesion observed was nonspecific lymphadenopathy (74.1%) followed by pruritic eruptions (53.8%), measles (51.4%), and tuberculosis (TB) (49.1%). Thirty‐three (26%) patients were not immunosuppressed, 74 (58%) were moderately immunosuppressed, and 20 (15%) were severely immunosuppressed. Oral lesions exhibited positive correlation with lesions in other parts of the body.Conclusion.  Oral lesions are a common feature in paediatric HIV infection. Their management is vital to improve the quality of life of the infected children.
Oral health and 22q11 deletion syndrome: thoughts and experiences from the parents’ perspectives
Authors: KLINGBERG GUNILLA , HALLBERG ULRIKA , ÓSKARSDÓTTIR SÓLVEIG 
Published: June 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 283–292 Background.  22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is one of the most common multiple anomaly syndromes, and many dentists are likely to meet patients with the syndrome. Odontological research has focused on describing and analysing conditions/concepts based on the current state of knowledge within the dental profession. Yet, these research topics are not necessarily the most important issues for the patients.Aims.  To explore and describe, by use of Grounded theory, parents’ experiences of oral health issues and needs for dental care in their children with 22q11DS.Design.  Twelve parents from different regions in Sweden were interviewed. Analyses were carried out according to Grounded theory.Results.  Parents recognised good oral health as important for the wellbeing of their children. Oral health was a concern and the parents described the fight for this as struggling in vain for good oral health in their child.Conclusions.  Parents not only described their children’s oral health as important but also hard to gain. Thus, it is important that all patients with disabilities, regardless of whether there is a defined medical diagnosis or not, are identified and well taken care of in the dental care system.
Oral features and dental health in Hurler Syndrome following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: McGOVERN ELEANOR , OWENS LAURA , NUNN JUNE , BOLAS ANDREW , MEARA ANNE O’ , FLEMING PADRAIG 
Published: June 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 322–329 Background.  Hurler Syndrome is associated with a deficiency of a specific lysosomal enzyme involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in early infancy is undertaken to help prevent the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and improve organ function.Aim.  To investigate the oral features and dental health of patients with Hurler Syndrome who have undergone successful HSCT.Materials and methods.  Twenty‐five patients (median age 8.6 years) post‐HSCT (mean age 9.4 months) underwent oral assessment (mean of 7.5 years post‐HSCT).Results.  Dental development was delayed. Numerous occlusal anomalies were noted including: open‐bite, class III skeletal base, dental spacing, primary molar infra‐occlusion and ectopic tooth eruption. Dental anomalies included hypodontia, microdontia, enamel defects, thin tapering canine crowns, pointed molar cusps, bulbous molar crowns and molar taurodontism. Tooth roots were usually short/blunted/spindle‐like in permanent molars. The prevalence of dental caries was low in the permanent dentition (mean DMFT 0.7) but high in the primary dentition (mean dmft 2.4). Oral hygiene instruction with plaque and or calculus removal was indicated in 71% of those that were dentate.Conclusion.  Patients with Hurler Syndrome post‐HSCT are likely to have delayed dental development, a malocclusion, and dental anomalies, particularly hypodontia and microdontia.
Value of bitewing radiographs for detecting approximal caries in 6‐year‐old children in the Netherlands
Authors: POORTERMAN JAN H.G. , VERMAIRE ERIK H. , HOOGSTRATEN JOHAN 
Published: June 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 336–340 Background.  When diagnosing caries using clinical judgment only, the prevalence of approximal caries is highly underestimated. Yet, surveys on this topic predominantly included adolescents and young adults.Aim.  To determine the additional diagnostic value of bitewing radiographs in 6‐year‐old children and to detect approximal dentin caries in the primary dentition.Design.  A total of 50 children were assessed both clinically (dmfs, oral hygiene) and radiographically by two experienced dentists. The relation between dmfs‐scores and amount of plaque was established using Pearson’s correlation coefficients at a significance level of 0.05.Results.  In nine patients (18%) it was impossible to make radiographs. Bitewing radiography appeared to have an additional effect of 97% when only caries in dentin is considered. The additional value for detecting inadequate restorations was 600%. Furthermore, the dmfs was highly correlated to the amount of plaque found.Conclusion.  Although not possible to achieve in all 6‐year‐old children, bitewing radiographs can reveal a considerable amount of carious surfaces and inadequate restorations, which appear clinically sound or adequate.
Unsweetened ice popsicles impart a positive feeling and reduce self‐mutilation after paediatric dental treatment with local anaesthesia
Authors: RAM DIANA , BERSON TAMAR , MOSKOVITZ MOTI , EFRAT JACOB 
Published: June 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 382–388 Aim.  The purpose of the current study was to assess whether an unsweetened ice‐popsicle imparts a positive feeling to children after dental treatment in which local anaesthesia is administered, and whether it reduces the tendency of children to self‐mutilate (bite the lip, cheek or tongue) after the administration of local anaesthesia.Design.  Crossover study of 31 children aged 4–11 years old who needed similar dental treatments on both sides of the mandible or maxilla under local anaesthesia. At the end of each appointment the child received a toy or an ice‐popsicle especially made for this study. Patients and parents answered a questionnaire regarding the children’s behaviour and feeling immediately after the treatment, and 10 and 30 min after receiving the ice‐popsicle or toy.Results.  Children who received ice‐popsicles after dental treatment under local anaesthesia felt less discomfort and suffered less soft tissue trauma than they did when they received a toy. Reduction in soft tissue trauma was evident 10 min after receiving the ice‐popsicles.Conclusion.  Licking of an ice‐popsicle after dental treatment with local anaesthesia reduces the feeling of discomfort and the biting of soft tissue and self‐ mutilation.
Trypanosoma brucei pteridine reductase 1 is essential for survival in vitro and for virulence in mice
Authors: Sienkiewicz Natasha , Ong Han B. , Fairlamb Alan H. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryGene knockout and knockdown methods were used to examine essentiality of pteridine reductase (PTR1) in pterin metabolism in the African trypanosome. Attempts to generate PTR1 null mutants in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei proved unsuccessful; despite integration of drug selectable markers at the target locus, the gene for PTR1 was either retained at the same locus or elsewhere in the genome. However, RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in complete knockdown of endogenous protein after 48 h, followed by cell death after 4 days. This lethal phenotype was reversed by expression of enzymatically active Leishmania major PTR1 in RNAi lines (oeRNAi) or by addition of tetrahydrobiopterin to cultures. Loss of PTR1 was associated with gross morphological changes due to a defect in cytokinesis, resulting in cells with multiple nuclei and kinetoplasts, as well as multiple detached flagella. Electron microscopy also revealed increased numbers of glycosomes, while immunofluorescence microscopy showed increased and more diffuse staining for glycosomal matrix enzymes, indicative of mis‐localisation to the cytosol. Mis‐localisation was confirmed by digitonin fractionation experiments. RNAi cell lines were markedly less virulent than wild‐type parasites in mice and virulence was restored in the oeRNAi line. Thus, PTR1 may be a drug target for human African trypanosomiasis.
The probiotic Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 displays visceral antinociceptive effects in the rat
Authors: Mckernan D. P , Fitzgerald P. , Dinan T. G. , Cryan J. F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground  Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and altering bowel habit with a high percentage of patients displaying comorbid anxiety. Growing clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that probiotic agents may restore the altered brain–gut communication in IBS. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of repeated treatment with three different probiotics in reducing visceral pain in visceral normosensitive (Sprague–Dawley [SD]) and visceral hypersensitive (Wistar–Kyoto [WKY]) rat strains.Methods  Following 14 days oral gavage of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118, Bifidobacterium infantis 35624, or Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 both SD and WKY rats were exposed to a novel stress, the open field arena and their behavior was recorded. Subsequently, the effects of probiotics on visceral nociceptive responses were analyzed by recording pain behaviors during colorectal distension (CRD).Key Results  It was found that there was a difference in the open field behavior between strains but none of the probiotic treatment altered behavior within each strain. Interestingly, the probiotic B. infantis 35624 but not others tested significantly reduced CRD‐induced visceral pain behaviors in both rat strains. It significantly increased the threshold pressure of the first pain behavior and also reduced the total number pain behaviors during CRD.Conclusions & Inferences  These data confirm that probiotics such as B. infantis 35624 are effective in reducing visceral pain and may be effective in treating certain symptoms of IBS.
Gastric tone, volume and emptying after implantation of an intragastric balloon for weight control
Authors: Layec S. , Val‐laillet D. , Heresbach D. , Malbert C.‐h. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground  The intragastric balloon, filled with air or liquid is used before elective bariatric surgery because its efficacy is limited. This might be the consequence of altered gastric functions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate, in an animal model, the changes in gastric motility and emptying induced by long‐term insertion of a balloon used for weight reduction.Methods  Ten Göttingen mini‐pigs were allocated into two groups with and without an intragastric balloon for 5 months. Balloons were inserted under endoscopy during general anesthesia and were filled with 350 mL of air. Gastric emptying was evaluated by scintigraphy. Gastric volume was measured by single photon emission computed tomography and proximal gastric compliance obtained using an electronic barostat. Changes in vagal tone were assessed by heart rate variability (HRV).Key Results  After balloon insertion, gastric volume was significantly increased (2047 ± 114.8 cm3 after vs 1674 ± 142.5 cm3 before insertion, P < 0.05). Gastric compliance was also larger in balloon group (219 ± 23.4 mL mmHg−1 in balloon vs 168 ± 7.7 mL mmHg−1 in control group). Gastric emptying was reduced after insertion of the balloon (T1/2 = 204 ± 28.8 min vs 159 ± 25.4 before vs after insertion). High frequency components of the spectral analysis of HRV, representing vagal tone, were increased in balloon group.Conclusions & Inferences  The proximal stomach was enlarged after the insertion of a balloon in the stomach as a consequence of an increased gastric compliance. This change in compliance was probably causative for a reduction in gastric emptying rate of solids. These alterations were associated with increased vagal tone.
Dominant T‐cell epitopes of filarial BmALT‐2 and their cytokine profile in BALB/c mice
Authors: MADHUMATHI J. , PRINCE P. R. , NAGESWARA RAO D. , KALIRAJ P. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryFilarial nematodes down‐regulate the host immune response to establish infection by inducing IL‐10‐mediated T‐cell suppression. Abundant larval transcript (ALT) proteins are of major interest as they are expressed abundantly in the L3 stage, implicated in protective immunity and may play a role in immune evasion. The T‐cell epitopes of BmALT‐2 and the cytokine responses induced by these peptides were investigated in a mouse model using synthetic peptides, which could be exploited in the design of a potent epitope‐based vaccine. Five regions were found to carry T‐cell epitopes inducing high levels of cellular proliferation. The regions 55–68 and 73–91 of ALT‐2 induced very high levels of IL‐10 secretion and hence could be involved in immunomodulation in the host.
Regulation of cyclic electron flow in C3 plants: differential effects of limiting photosynthesis at ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase
Authors: LIVINGSTON AARON K. , KANAZAWA ATSUKO , CRUZ JEFFREY A. , KRAMER DAVID M. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTCyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF1) is thought to augment chloroplast ATP production to meet metabolic needs. Very little is known about the induction and regulation of CEF1. We investigated the effects on CEF1 of antisense suppression of the Calvin–Benson enzymes glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (gapR), and ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) small subunit (SSU), in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38). The gapR, but not ssuR, mutants showed substantial increases in CEF1, demonstrating that specific intermediates, rather than slowing of assimilation, induce CEF1. Both types of mutant showed increases in steady‐state transthylakoid proton motive force (pmf) and subsequent activation of the photoprotective qE response. With gapR, the increased pmf was caused both by up‐regulation of CEF1 and down‐regulation of the ATP synthase. In ssuR, the increased pmf was attributed entirely to a decrease in ATP synthase activity, as previously seen in wild‐type plants when CO2 levels were decreased. Comparison of major stromal metabolites in gapR, ssuR and hcef1, a mutant with decreased fructose 1,6‐bisphosphatase activity, showed that neither the ATP/ADP ratio, nor major Calvin–Benson cycle intermediates can directly account for the activation of CEF1, suggesting that chloroplast redox status or reactive oxygen species regulate CEF1.
Biochemical and molecular characterization of AtPAP12 and AtPAP26: the predominant purple acid phosphatase isozymes secreted by phosphate‐starved Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: TRAN HUE T. , QIAN WEIQIANG , HURLEY BRENDEN A. , SHE YI‐MIN , WANG DAOWEN , PLAXTON WILLIAM C. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTPlant purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) belong to a large multigene family whose specific functions in Pi metabolism are poorly understood. Two PAP isozymes secreted by Pi‐deficient (−Pi) Arabidopsis thaliana were purified from culture filtrates of −Pi suspension cells. They correspond to an AtPAP12 (At2g27190) homodimer and AtPAP26 (At5g34850) monomer composed of glycosylated 60 and 55 kDa subunit(s), respectively. Each PAP exhibited broad pH activity profiles centred at pH 5.6, and overlapping substrate specificities. Concanavalin‐A chromatography resolved a pair of secreted AtPAP26 glycoforms. AtPAP26 is dual targeted during Pi stress because it is also the principal intracellular (vacuolar) PAP up‐regulated by −Pi Arabidopsis. Differential glycosylation appears to influence the subcellular targeting and substrate selectivity of AtPAP26. The significant increase in secreted acid phosphatase activity of −Pi seedlings was correlated with the appearance of immunoreactive AtPAP12 and AtPAP26 polypeptides. Analysis of atpap12 and atpap26 T‐DNA mutants verified that AtPAP12 and AtPAP26 account for most of the secreted acid phosphatase activity of −Pi wild‐type seedlings. Semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR confirmed that transcriptional controls exert little influence on the up‐regulation of AtPAP26 during Pi stress, whereas AtPAP12 transcripts correlate well with relative levels of secreted AtPAP12 polypeptides. We hypothesize that AtPAP12 and AtPAP26 facilitate Pi scavenging from soil‐localized organophosphates during nutritional Pi deprivation.
Interferon‐gamma +874 T/A and Interleukin‐10 ‐1082 A/G Single nucleotide Polymorphism in Egyptian Children with Tuberculosis
Authors: Mosaad Y. M. , Soliman O. E. , Tawhid Z. E. , Sherif D. M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe aim was to investigate the association of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) +874 T/A and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10)‐1082 A/G single nucleotide polymorphisms with tuberculous infection and post‐BCG lymphadenitis in Egyptian children. IFN‐γ +874 T/A and IL‐10 ‐1082 A/G polymorphism detection by amplification refractory mutation system technique was carried out for 110 patients with TB, 40 patients with post‐BCG lymphadenitis and 118 healthy controls. IFN‐γ +874 A allele was higher in TB and post‐BCG patients than those in healthy controls (Pc = 0.006 and 0.002, respectively). IFN‐γ +874 genotype AA was significantly higher in patients with TB than that in control (Pc = 0.015), in extrapulmonary than patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) (Pc = 0.009), and young children with TB below 5 years (Pc = 0.024). No statistically significant differences were observed between patients with TB and controls for the frequency of IL‐10(‐1082) alleles or genotypes (P > 0.05); however, a statistically significant difference in the frequency of IL‐10 (‐1082) GG genotype was found between patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB (Pc = 0.003). Low producer IFN‐γ +874 A/A genotype is associated with post‐BCG lymphadenitis and TB disease especially in younger children below 5 years. IL‐10‐1082 G/G genotype did not exhibit significant association except for increased GG frequency in PTB. Both cytokine polymorphisms have no relation to tuberculin reaction in patients with TB.
Life events involvement in psoriasis onset/recurrence
Authors: Manolache Liana , Petrescu‐Seceleanu Dana , Benea Vasile 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground  The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possible role of stress before the onset/extension/recurrence of psoriasis.Patients and method  One hundred and sixty‐nine outpatients with psoriasis and 169 age and gender matched controls were enrolled. The design was a case‐control study (controls had skin diseases with low psychosomatic component). Stressful life events were evaluated using Holmes and Rahe’s Social Readjustment Rating Scale.Results  In the psoriatic group, there was a female predominance (66%) and a median age 47.55 years (SD = 20.32). In all, 10.65% of patients had family history of psoriasis. More than 54% of cases experienced at least one stressful event (47.36% for onset, 63.51% for recurrence/extension), compared with 19.52% of controls (χ2 = 42.71, P < 0.0001). The odds ratio was 4.92. There was a significant difference in the mean number of stressful events between patients and controls (P < 0.0001). Women with psoriasis vulgaris and men with guttate psoriasis seemed to be more sensitive to stressful events. We divided the events described by Holmes and Rahe into three categories: family, personal, and job/financial problems. Family matters were mentioned by 42.7% of psoriatic patients, statistically significant compared with controls (P < 0.0001). In 35% of psoriatic cases, “the stressful event” was represented by the illness/death of someone dear. Both “personal” (25.6%; P = 0.02) and “job/financial problems” (31.6%; P < 0.0001) were significantly different compared with controls.Conclusions  Stressful events could be highly related to psoriasis (especially in recurrences/extensions). Problems related to family are the most often involved with counseling being suggested.
Simultaneous combined liver and kidney transplantation: a single center experience
Authors: Chava Srinivas P. , Singh Balbir , Stangou Arie , Battula Narendra , Bowles Matthew , O’Grady John , Rela Mohamed , Heaton Nigel D. 
Published: June 2010

Chava SP, Singh B, Stangou A, Battula N, Bowles M, O’Grady J, Rela M, Heaton ND. Simultaneous combined liver and kidney transplantation: a single center experience. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: E62–E68. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract  Renal dysfunction is common in patients awaiting liver transplantation (LT) and affects outcome following LT. Combined liver and kidney transplantation (CLKT) has been proposed as effective treatment for patients with chronic diseases of both organs, some with hepatorenal syndrome and for liver‐based metabolic diseases affecting kidney. This study is undertaken to analyze results of CLKT at a single center. Of 2690 LTs performed between 1992 and 2007, there were 39 CLKTs; most common indications were metabolic, cirrhosis and polycystic disease. With follow‐up of up to 170 months, 11 died (overall survival 71.8%); one‐, five‐, and 10‐yr patient and liver graft survival is 77%, 73.7%, and 73.7%, respectively, and kidney graft survival is 77%, 70%, and 70%, respectively. Survival among metabolic group (78.6%) appeared to be better than non‐metabolic group (68%); however, this difference was not significant (p = 0.39). Fifteen surviving patients (53.6%) have mild/moderate renal impairment (creatinine ≥125 μmol/L). None has severe renal failure (serum creatinine ≥250 μmol/L) or end‐stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis. CLKT has good results in selected groups of patients. It provides protection to kidney allograft in liver‐based metabolic diseases affecting kidney. The rate of acute rejection episodes of kidney is low. Significant proportion develops long‐term mild/moderate renal dysfunction. Careful attention to immunosuppression to minimize nephrotoxicity may help.