bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal ventriculomegaly: Pathophysiology and management guided with cranial ultrasonography
Authors: Bravo Maria Carmen , Lubian Simón , Horsch Sandra , Cabañas Fernando , de Vries Linda S. ,   the EurUS.Brain group
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeonatal ventriculomegaly often, but not always, follows intraventricular haemorrhage in infants born preterm. Serial cranial ultrasonography (CUS) is a very useful tool to evaluate the mechanism behind ventricular dilatation, to differentiate several types of cerebrospinal fluid retention, and to guide treatment. This review examines neonatal ventriculomegaly and its definition, pathophysiology, treatment, and prognosis from the perspective of CUS assessment. It also outlines the consensus statements formulated by the EurUS.Brain group, which are based on rounds of expert opinions on neonatal ventriculomegaly management, detailing the need and timing of ventricular access device placement, in the context of posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilation. The pathophysiology of neonatal ventriculomegaly is more complex than previously considered. CUS is a valuable, non‐invasive tool to determine pathophysiology, intervention thresholds, and prognosis in neonates with ventriculomegaly. Given new insights into the existence of glymphatics and water circulation in the cerebrum, further research in that area may bring new treatment options.What this paper adds

Cranial ultrasonography has a significant role in better understanding the complex pathophysiology of neonatal ventriculomegaly.
The latest research suggests that treating posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilation in its early stages has several advantages.
Proper definition, management, and a follow‐up plan are essential because they can impact the infant and their family, health care providers, educational systems, and society.
The physiological and pathophysiological roles of copper in the nervous system
Authors: Gale Jenna , Aizenman Elias 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCopper is a critical trace element in biological systems due the vast number of essential enzymes that require the metal as a cofactor, including cytochrome c oxidase, superoxide dismutase and dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase. Due its key role in oxidative metabolism, antioxidant defence and neurotransmitter synthesis, copper is particularly important for neuronal development and proper neuronal function. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that copper also serves important functions in synaptic and network activity, the regulation of circadian rhythms, and arousal. However, it is important to note that because of copper's ability to redox cycle and generate reactive species, cellular levels of the metal must be tightly regulated to meet cellular needs while avoiding copper‐induced oxidative stress. Therefore, it is essential that the intricate system of copper transporters, exporters, copper chaperones and copper trafficking proteins function properly and in coordinate fashion. Indeed, disorders of copper metabolism such as Menkes disease and Wilson disease, as well as diseases linked to dysfunction of copper‐requiring enzymes, such as SOD1‐linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, demonstrate the dramatic neurological consequences of altered copper homeostasis. In this review, we explore the physiological importance of copper in the nervous system as well as pathologies related to improper copper handling.
Multi‐omics in MECP2 duplication syndrome patients and carriers
Authors: Pascual‐Alonso Ainhoa , Xiol Clara , Smirnov Dmitrii , Kopajtich Rober , Prokisch Holger , Armstrong Judith 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS) is an X‐linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the gain of dose of at least the genes MECP2 and IRAK1 and is characterised by intellectual disability (ID), developmental delay, hypotonia, epilepsy and recurrent infections. It mainly affects males, and females can be affected or asymptomatic carriers. Rett syndrome (RTT) is mainly triggered by loss of function mutations in MECP2 and is a well described syndrome that presents ID, epilepsy, lack of purposeful hand use and impaired speech, among others. As a result of implementing omics technology, altered biological pathways in human RTT samples have been reported, but such molecular characterisation has not been performed in patients with MDS. We gathered human skin fibroblasts from 17 patients with MDS, 10 MECP2 duplication carrier mothers and 21 patients with RTT, and performed multi‐omics (RNAseq and proteomics) analysis. Here, we provide a thorough description and compare the shared and specific dysregulated biological processes between the cohorts. We also highlight the genes TMOD2, SRGAP1, COPS2, CNPY2, IGF2BP1, MOB2, VASP, FZD7, ECSIT and KIF3B as biomarker and therapeutic target candidates due to their implication in neuronal functions. Defining the RNA and protein profiles has shown that our four cohorts are less alike than expected by their shared phenotypes.
A 1 Ma sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) record of catchment vegetation changes and the developmental history of tropical Lake Towuti (Sulawesi, Indonesia)
Authors: Ekram Md Akhtar‐E , Campbell Matthew , Kose Sureyya H. , Plet Chloe , Hamilton Rebecca , Bijaksana Satria , Grice Kliti , Russell James , Stevenson Janelle , Vogel Hendrik , Coolen Marco J. L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudying past ecosystems from ancient environmental DNA preserved in lake sediments (sedaDNA) is a rapidly expanding field. This research has mainly involved Holocene sediments from lakes in cool climates, with little known about the suitability of sedaDNA to reconstruct substantially older ecosystems in the warm tropics. Here, we report the successful recovery of chloroplast trnL (UAA) sequences (trnL‐P6 loop) from the sedimentary record of Lake Towuti (Sulawesi, Indonesia) to elucidate changes in regional tropical vegetation assemblages during the lake's Late Quaternary paleodepositional history. After the stringent removal of contaminants and sequence artifacts, taxonomic assignment of the remaining genuine trnL‐P6 reads showed that native nitrogen‐fixing legumes, C3 grasses, and shallow wetland vegetation (Alocasia) were most strongly associated with >1‐million‐year‐old (>1 Ma) peats and silts (114–98.8 m composite depth; mcd), which were deposited in a landscape of active river channels, shallow lakes, and peat‐swamps. A statistically significant shift toward partly submerged shoreline vegetation that was likely rooted in anoxic muddy soils (i.e., peatland forest trees and wetland C3 grasses (Oryzaceae) and nutrient‐demanding aquatic herbs (presumably Oenanthe javanica)) occurred at 76 mcd (~0.8 Ma), ~0.2 Ma after the transition into a permanent lake. This wetland vegetation was most strongly associated with diatom ooze (46–37 mcd), thought to be deposited during maximum nutrient availability and primary productivity. Herbs (Brassicaceae), trees/shrubs (Fabaceae and Theaceae), and C3 grasses correlated with inorganic parameters, indicating increased drainage of ultramafic sediments and laterite soils from the lakes' catchment, particularly at times of inferred drying. Downcore variability in trnL‐P6 from tropical forest trees (Toona), shady ground cover herbs (Zingiberaceae), and tree orchids (Luisia) most strongly correlated with sediments of a predominantly felsic signature considered to be originating from the catchment of the Loeha River draining into Lake Towuti during wetter climate conditions. However, the co‐correlation with dry climate‐adapted trees (i.e., Castanopsis or Lithocarpus) plus C4 grasses suggests that increased precipitation seasonality also contributed to the increased drainage of felsic Loeha River sediments. This multiproxy approach shows that despite elevated in situ temperatures, tropical lake sediments potentially comprise long‐term archives of ancient environmental DNA for reconstructing ecosystems, which warrants further exploration.
Is ChatGPT an evil or an angel for second language education and research? A phenomenographic study of research‐active EFL teachers’ perceptions
Authors: Derakhshan Ali , Ghiasvand Farhad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is influencing different aspects of human life. An AI‐powered technology, which has been recently released, is ChatGPT. It is a cutting‐edge technology that influences second/foreign language (L2) education. Although there is increasing research on the benefits and misfits of this chatbot in different disciplines, L2 education lacks a thorough investigation. To fill this lacuna, this phenomenographic study examined the perceptions of research‐active English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers regarding the potentials and pitfalls of ChatGPT for L2 learning, teaching, assessment, and research. To this end, a semistructured interview was held with 30 Iranian EFL teachers with varying educational backgrounds and AI integration experiences. The results of content and thematic analysis indicated that ChatGPT is a double‐edged sword that can both benefit and hurt these areas of L2 education. The most notable potentials were augmenting learner autonomy, providing personalized learning, reducing teachers’ teaching workload, designing assessment rubrics, and summarizing lengthy papers and theses to save L2 researchers’ time and energy. Concerning pitfalls, it was reported that ChatGPT might kill creativity and academic integrity, encourage cheating in online exams, spread fake and misinformation into the world of research, and cherish high‐tech plagiarism. Some practical suggestions are made to empower L2 educators and researchers to survive in the world of AI.
Updates on clinical and laboratory aspects of hereditary dyserythropoietic anemias
Authors: Russo Roberta , Iolascon Achille , Andolfo Immacolata , Marra Roberta , Rosato Barbara Eleni 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHereditary dyserythropoietic anemias, or congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDAs), are rare disorders disrupting normal erythroid lineage development, resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis and monolinear cytopenia. CDAs include three main types (I, II, III), transcription‐factor‐related forms, and syndromic forms. The widespread use of next‐generation sequencing in the last decade has unveiled novel causative genes and unexpected genotype–phenotype correlations. The discovery of the genetic defects underlying the CDAs not only facilitates accurate diagnosis but also enhances understanding of CDA pathophysiology. Notable advancements include identifying a hepatic‐specific role of the SEC23B loss‐of‐function in iron metabolism dysregulation in CDA II, deepening CDIN1 dysfunction during erythroid differentiation, and uncovering a recessive CDA III form associated with RACGAP1 variants. Current treatments primarily rely on supportive measures tailored to disease severity and clinical features. Comparative studies with pyruvate kinase deficiency have illuminated new therapeutic avenues by elucidating iron dyshomeostasis and dyserythropoiesis mechanisms. We herein discuss recent progress in diagnostic methodologies, novel gene discoveries, and enhanced comprehension of CDA pathogenesis and molecular genetics.
Interpretation of coagulation laboratory tests for patients on ECMO
Authors: Davidson Simon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a type of circulatory life support for patients with severe lung failure. The use of ECMO has increased worldwide since the pandemic of H1N1 in 2009 and more recently SARS‐CoV‐2 in 2020 both of which caused severe respiratory failure. ECMO patients experience both increased risk of bleeding and thrombosis. This is due to the pathological insult that damages the lungs, the ECMO circuit, coagulopathy, inflammation and anticoagulation. ECMO presents unique demands on the coagulation laboratory both in tests required to manage the patients and result interpretation. This is a personal opinion of 20 years ECMO experience as a clinical scientist and a short current review of the literature. It will focus on the laboratory coagulation tests used to manage ECMO patients, including different anticoagulants used, testing frequency and interpretation of the results.
Psychological distress, well‐being, resilience, posttraumatic growth, and turnover intention of mental health nurses during COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Foster Kim , Shakespeare‐Finch Jane , Shochet Ian , Maybery Darryl , Bui Minh Viet , Steele Michael , Roche Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMental health nurses (MHNs) experience a range of stressors as part of their work, which can impact their well‐being and turnover intention. There is no prior evidence, however, on MHNs' mental health, well‐being, resilience, and turnover intention during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The aims of this online survey‐based cross‐sectional study, conducted during the pandemic, were to explore the psychological distress, well‐being, emotional intelligence, coping self‐efficacy, resilience, posttraumatic growth, sense of workplace belonging, and turnover intention of n = 144 Australian mental health registered and enrolled nurses; and explore relationships between these variables, in particular, psychological distress, well‐being, and turnover intention. There was a higher percentage of MHNs with high (27.78%) and very high psychological distress (9.72%) compared to population norms as measured by the K10. Emotional intelligence behaviours were significantly lower than the population mean (GENOS‐EI Short). Coping self‐efficacy was mid‐range (CSES‐Short). Resilience was moderate overall (Brief Resilience Scale), and posttraumatic growth was mid‐range (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory; PTGI). Sense of workplace belonging was moderate, and turnover intention was low. Higher levels of psychological distress were associated with higher turnover intention, and lower workplace belonging, coping self‐efficacy, well‐being, resilience, and emotional intelligence behaviours. Despite the levels of psychological distress, nearly half the sample (n = 71) was ‘flourishing’ in terms of well‐being (Mental Health Continuum Short‐Form). To help prevent staff distress in the post‐pandemic period, organisations need to proactively offer support and professional development to strengthen staff's psychological well‐being, emotional intelligence, and resilience skills. These strategies and group clinical supervision may also support lower turnover.
The impact of short‐selling threats on credit rating performance and usage: Evidence from a natural experiment
Authors: Cheng Mei , Zhang Eliza X. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing Regulation SHO as a controlled experiment, we examine the impact of short‐selling threats on credit rating performance and credit rating usage in debt contracts. We find that when short‐selling constraints are removed for pilot firms, rating accuracy increases, but rating stability decreases for these firms relative to non‐pilot firms. This result suggests that short‐selling threats push rating agencies to enhance rating accuracy at the cost of rating stability. We also find less rating usage in debt contracts for pilot firms than for non‐pilot firms when short‐selling constraints are removed for pilot firms, suggesting that in the presence of short‐selling threats, debt contracting parties emphasize rating stability over rating accuracy. Overall, our study informs academics, practitioners and regulators about short sellers’ disciplining effect on rating agencies and provides novel evidence on the rating property trade‐off and its implication for rating usage.
Role of environmental factors in the genetic structure of a highly mobile seabird
Authors: Muraro Vitória , Mazzochi Mariana S. , Fregonezi Aline M. C. R. , Bugoni Leandro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimEnvironmental features can act as selection pressures and barriers to gene flow between populations. The genetic structuring of highly mobile but philopatric seabirds creates a paradox, and the role of oceanographic and geographic variables is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the influence of environmental and geographic variables in the genetic and phenotypic diversity of a pantropical seabird breeding in islands and archipelagos separated by different geographic distances, up to thousand kilometres, and which differ in environmental characteristics.LocationIslands and archipelagos in the southwestern (SW) Atlantic Ocean.Taxon
Sula dactylatra, Lesson, 1831 (masked booby).MethodsThe population structure of the species was accessed through mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. To test Isolation by Environment (IBE) versus by Distance (IBD), sea surface temperature, primary productivity and salinity, as well as isotopic niche based on carbon and nitrogen, and distances between colonies and from the continent, were used. We also tested the correlation between the genetic structure and the morphometry of individuals in each colony.ResultsWe uncover the presence of low genetic structure between populations. Nevertheless, differences were identified between inshore and offshore colonies, with the influence of landscape characteristics of these two types of environment. The morphometric and isotopic niche variations are consistent with this segregation.Main ConclusionsEnvironmental variables of coastal and oceanic environments seem to influence the genetic structure of masked boobies, even though it is low in the SW Atlantic Ocean, highlighting the role of environmental heterogeneity in shaping biodiversity.
Clinical distinction between cognitive disengagement syndrome andADHDpresentations in a nationally representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents
Authors: Burns G. Leonard , Becker Stephen P. , Montaño Juan José , Servera Mateu 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThis study sought to determine whether cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS, formerly sluggish cognitive tempo) has different external correlates relative to ADHD‐inattentive presentation (INP), ADHD‐hyperactive/impulsive presentation (HIP), and ADHD‐combined presentation (CP).MethodsParents of a nationally representative sample of 5,525 Spanish youth (ages: 5–16, 56.1% boys) completed measures of CDS, ADHD‐inattention (IN), and ADHD‐hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) and other measures. Scores greater/less than the top 5% on CDS, ADHD‐IN, and ADHD‐HI were used to create control (n = 5,013, 90.73%), CDS‐only (n = 131, 2.37%), ADHD‐INP‐only (n = 83, 1.50%), ADHD‐HIP‐only (n = 113, 2.05%), ADHD‐CP‐only (n = 48, 0.97%), CDS + ADHD‐INP (n = 44, 0.80%), CDS + ADHD‐HIP (n = 25, 0.45%), and CDS + ADHD‐CP (n = 68, 1.23%) groups.ResultsForty‐nine percent of youth with clinically elevated CDS did not qualify for any ADHD presentation, whereas 64% of youth with clinically elevated ADHD did not qualify for CDS. The CDS‐only group was higher than the ADHD‐INP‐only, ADHD‐HIP‐only, and ADHD‐CP‐only groups on anxiety, depression, somatization, daytime sleep‐related impairment, nighttime sleep disturbance, and peer withdrawal, whereas the CDS‐only and ADHD‐INP‐only groups did not differ on ODD (ADHD‐HIP‐only and ADHD‐CP‐only higher) and academic impairment (ADHD‐CP‐only higher than CDS‐only and ADHD‐HIP‐only lower than CDS‐only). The CDS‐only group also had higher rates of anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder diagnoses than the ADHD‐only group.ConclusionsA distinction was found between CDS and each ADHD presentation, thus providing support for CDS as a syndrome that frequently co‐occurs with yet is distinct from each ADHD presentation.
Sea anemone–anemonefish symbiosis: Behavior and mucous protein profiling
Authors: Nguyen Hai‐Thanh T. , Zhao Min , Wang Tianfang , Dang Binh T. , Geffen Audrey J. , Cummins Scott F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFish species of the genus Amphiprion (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) seek protection from predators among the tentacles of sea anemones as their natural habitat, where they live essentially unharmed from stinging by the host's nematocysts. The skin mucus of these anemonefish has been suggested as a protective mechanism that prevents the discharge of the nematocysts upon contact. Whereas some anemonefish species seem to produce their own protective mucous coating, others may acquire mucus (or biomolecules within) from the sea anemone during an acclimation period. In controlled experiments, we show that Amphiprion ocellaris acclimated successfully to their natural host anemone species Stichodactyla gigantea, and also to Stichodactyla haddoni, and in some cases Heteractis crispa, neither of which are natural host species. No symbiosis was observed for three other anemone species tested, Entacmaea quadricolor, Macrodactyla doreensis, and Heteractis malu. We explored the skin mucous protein profile from naive and experienced A. ocellaris during their acclimation to natural and unnatural host anemones. We confidently report the presence of metabolic and structural proteins in the skin mucus of all samples, likely involved in immunological defense, molecular transport, stress response, and signal transduction. For those anemonefish that established symbiosis, there was a clear increase in ribosomal‐type proteins. We additionally provide evidence for the presence of anemone proteins only in the skin mucus of individuals that established symbiosis. Our results support previous speculation of the role of skin mucous–associated proteins in anemonefish–anemone symbiosis. Further exploration of these mucosal proteins could reveal the mechanism of anemonefish acclimation to host anemones.
Cholecystohepatic shunt pathway reduces secondary bile acid accumulation to enhance natural killer T cell‐mediated anti‐hepatocellular carcinoma immunity
Authors: Liu Shenglu , Gou Haoxian , Wei Hui , Chen Shengdeng , Zhuo Shijie , Luo Ming , Qin Shu , Zhang Mengyu , Chen Jiatong , Huang Zhiwei , Xia Xianming , Yang Xiaoli , He Kai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThe impact of cholecystectomy, which blocks the cholecystohepatic shunt pathway (CHSP), on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. Hepatic secondary bile acids (BAs) inhibit natural killer T (NKT) cell‐mediated immunity against HCC, and the regulation of homeostasis of hepatic secondary BAs is controlled by the CHSP. However, the influence of CHSP on NKT cell‐mediated immunity against HCC remains unclear.MethodsThe clinical data of hospitalized patients undergoing HCC resection were collected. Meanwhile, an in situ HCC mouse model was established, and the CHSP was augmented using oleanolic acid (OA).ResultsAfter 1:1 propensity score matching, Cox regression analysis revealed that cholecystectomy was an independent risk factor for HCC recurrence after hepatectomy (P = 0.027, hazard ratio: 1.599, 95% confidence interval: 1.055–2.422). Experimentally, when OA enhanced CHSP, a significant decrease was observed in the accumulation of secondary BAs in the livers of mice. Additionally, a significant increase was observed in the levels of C‐X‐C ligand 16 and interferon γ in the serum and tumor tissues. Further, the percentage of C‐X‐C receptor 6 (+) NKT cells in the tumor tissues increased significantly, and the growth of liver tumors was inhibited.ConclusionsThis clinical study revealed that cholecystectomy promoted the recurrence after radical hepatectomy in patients with HCC. Preserving the normal‐functioning gallbladder as much as possible during surgery may be beneficial to the patient's prognosis. Further investigation into the mechanism revealed that CHSP enhanced NKT cell‐mediated immunity against HCC by reducing the hepatic accumulation of secondary BAs.