bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invariant natural killer T cells: Linking inflammation and neovascularization in human atherosclerosis
Authors: Kyriakakis Emmanouil , Cavallari Marco , Andert Jan , Philippova Maria , Koella Christoph , Bochkov Valery , Erne Paul , Wilson S. Brian , Mori Lucia , Biedermann Barbara C. , Resink Therese J. , De Libero Gennaro 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAtherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory lipid storage disease of large arteries, is complicated by cardiovascular events usually precipitated by plaque rupture or erosion. Inflammation participates in lesion progression and plaque rupture. Identification of leukocyte populations involved in plaque destabilization is important for effective prevention of cardiovascular events. This study investigates CD1d‐expressing cells and invariant NKT cells (iNKT) in human arterial tissue, their correlation with disease severity and symptoms, and potential mechanisms for their involvement in plaque formation and/or destabilization. CD1d‐expressing cells were present in advanced plaques in patients who suffered from cardiovascular events in the past and were most abundant in plaques with ectopic neovascularization. Confocal microscopy detected iNKT cells in plaques, and plaque‐derived iNKT cell lines promptly produced proinflammatory cytokines when stimulated by CD1d‐expressing APC‐presenting α‐galactosylceramide lipid antigen. Furthermore, iNKT cells were diminished in the circulating blood of patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis. Activated iNKT cell‐derived culture supernatants showed angiogenic activity in a human microvascular endothelial cell line HMEC‐1‐spheroid model of in vitro angiogenesis and strongly activated human microvascular endothelial cell line HMEC‐1 migration. This functional activity was ascribed to IL‐8 released by iNKT cells upon lipid recognition. These findings introduce iNKT cells as novel cellular candidates promoting plaque neovascularization and destabilization in human atherosclerosis.
Structural and Electrochemical Properties of YbIII in Various Ionic Liquids
Authors: Babai Arash , Pitula Slawomir , Mudring Anja‐Verena 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSolvation and ligand exchange reactions of ytterbium(III) as a model for the late trivalent f‐elements have been studied in triflate and bistriflylamide ionic liquids (ILs) with the purpose of contributing to a wider understanding of f‐element organometallic catalysis, as well as separation and nuclear fuel reprocessing, in ILs. Using the compounds [C4mpyr]3[Yb(OTf)6] and [C4mpyr][Yb(Tf2N)4] [C4mpyr = N‐methyl‐N‐propylpyrrolidinium; OTf = triflate, trifluoromethanesulfonate; Tf2N = bistriflylamide, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide] we were able to structurally characterize the local surroundings of Yb3+ in the ILs [C4mpyr][OTf] and [C4mpyr][Tf2N]unequivocally. The formation of [C4mpyr]3[Yb(OTf)6][C4mpyr][Tf2N] from a solution of Yb(Tf2N)3 in [C4mpyr][OTf] shows that the stronger coordinating OTf– anion completely replaces the less Lewis basic Tf2N– anion in the first coordination sphere of the lanthanide ion. As expected, such a ligand exchange could not be observed for Yb(OTf)3 in [C4mpyr][Tf2N]. The ion exchange in the lanthanide coordination sphere can be efficiently monitored by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV). CV measurements also indicate that Yb3+ adopts a mixed OTf–/Tf2N– coordination environment when Yb(OTf)3 is dissolved in [C4mpyr][Tf2N]. The measured half‐wave potentials of the studied systems can be linked to the electron‐donor properties of the metal cation.
Synthesis, Properties, and Redox Behavior of Ferrocene‐Substituted Bis(3‐methylthio‐1‐azulenyl)methylium Ions
Authors: Shoji Taku , Higashi Junya , Ito Shunji , Morita Noboru 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNovel ferrocene‐substituted bis(3‐methylthio‐1‐azulenyl)methylium ions 5+ and 6+ were synthesized by the hydride abstraction reaction of the corresponding hydro derivatives 3 and 4 with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ). Compounds 3 and 4 were readily prepared by the acid‐catalyzed condensation reaction of 1‐methylthioazulenes 1 and 2 with ferrocenecarbaldehyde. The redox behavior of 5+ and 6+ was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), which revealed their amphoteric multistep redox properties. Moreover, these cations exhibited a significant color change under electrochemical reduction conditions, which was revealed by visible spectroscopy.
Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Free Chlorine for Water Disinfection Process
Authors: Saputro Sulistyo , Takehara Kô , Yoshimura Kazuhisa , Matsuoka Shiro , Narsito  
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe electrochemical detection of free chlorine based on the reduction at a gold electrode has been studied. The differential pulse voltammetric curves exhibited well‐defined cathodic peaks. Investigations with this system suggested that the active species in the cathodic reaction is HClO. Excellent reproducibility was demonstrated at pH 5. The peak height could be used for accurate and rapid determination of free chlorine in a sample water. A linear relationship (r2=0.99) was found for the concentration range of 1–5 mg Cl dm−3 and the detection limit was estimated to be 0.04 mg Cl dm−3.
Spectral loudness summation takes place in the primary auditory cortex
Authors: Röhl Markus , Kollmeier Birger , Uppenkamp Stefan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAuditory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess neural activation in the human auditory brainstem (AB) and cortex (AC) as a function of bandwidth (BW). We recorded brain activation of 22 normal hearing listeners induced by band pass filtered pink noise stimuli with equal sound pressure level of 70 dB SPL. Tested bandwidths were 50, 500, 1,500, 3,000, 6,000, and 8,000 Hz. The center frequency was 4,000 Hz. Categorical loudness scaling had been performed in a silent booth with all of these stimuli. Loudness as a function of bandwidth followed a concave‐shaped curve which reflected the influence of spectral loudness summation (SLS) for higher BW and the influence of large amplitude fluctuations for very low BW, which itself could be explained by peak‐listening. While neural activation of the AB, as measured by the percent signal change from baseline (PSC), was tuned to the physical BW of the stimuli in a straight linear fashion, the trend of perceived loudness as a function of BW was reflected in several aspects by corresponding neural activation in the primary auditory cortex (PAC). Finally, from the absolute differences of the PSC between PAC and AB, gains in perceived loudness associated with SLS and the effect of large amplitude fluctuations could be predicted with an accuracy of 1–2 dB for the whole group of participants. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Repetition suppression in occipitotemporal cortex despite negligible visual similarity: Evidence for postperceptual processing?
Authors: Horner Aidan J. , Henson Richard N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe reduced neural response in certain brain regions when a task‐relevant stimulus is repeated (“repetition suppression”, RS) is often attributed to facilitation of the cognitive processes performed in those regions. Repetition of visual objects is associated with RS in the ventral and lateral occipital/temporal regions, and is typically attributed to facilitation of visual processes, ranging from the extraction of shape to the perceptual identification of objects. In two fMRI experiments using a semantic classification task, we found RS in a left lateral occipital/inferior temporal region to a picture of an object when the name of that object had previously been presented in a separate session. In other words, we found RS despite negligible visual similarity between the initial and repeated occurrences of an object identity. There was no evidence that this RS was driven by the learning of task‐specific responses to an object identity (“S‐R learning”). We consider several explanations of this occipitotemporal RS, such as phonological retrieval, semantic retrieval, and visual imagery. Although no explanation if fully satisfactory, it is proposed that such effects most plausibly relate to the extraction of task‐relevant information relating to object size, either through the extraction of sensory‐specific semantic information or through visual imagery processes. Our findings serve to emphasize the potential complexity of processing within traditionally visual regions, at least as measured by fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of SDS on human hair: Study on the molecular structure and morphology
Authors: Singh Bhawana , Umapathy Siva 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a model study to understand the effect of surfactants on the physicochemical properties of human hair. FT‐IR ATR spectroscopy has been employed to understand the chemical changes induced by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on human scalp hair. In particular, the SDS induced changes in the secondary structure of protein present in the outer protective layer of hair, i.e. cuticle, have been investigated. Conformational changes in the secondary structure of protein were studied by curve fitting of the amide I band after every phase of SDS treatment. It has been found that SDS brings rearrangements in the protein backbone conformations by transformingβ‐sheet structure to random coil andβ‐turn. Additionally, AFM and SEM studies were carried out to understand the morphological changes induced on the hair surface. SEM and AFM images demonstrated the rupture and partial erosion of cuticle sublayers. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Trends in Incidence of Subtrochanteric Fragility Fractures and Bisphosphonate Use Among the US Elderly, 1996–2007
Authors: Wang Zhong , Bhattacharyya Timothy 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Increasing numbers of atypical hip fractures have been reported among patients with bisphosphonate use. However, the nature and extent of the problem are unknown despite recent investigations. To analyze national trends in hip fractures and medication use in the elderly US population, we respectively used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) from 1996 to 2007. In NIS, subtrochanteric fragility fractures were compared with typical hip fractures in femoral neck and intertrochanteric regions. Between 1996 and 2007, age-adjusted rates for typical hip fractures decreased by 31.6% among women (from 1020.5 to 697.4 per 100,000 population) and 20.5% among men (from 424.9 to 337.6 per 100,000 population). In contrast, overall trends in age-adjusted rates for subtrochanteric fragility fractures remained unchanged among men (p = .34) but increased 20.4% among women from 28.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 27.7–29.1) in 1999 to 34.2 (95% CI 33.4–34.9) per 100,000 population in 2007. The annual percentage increase was 2.1% (95% CI 1.3–2.8, p &lt; .001) based on joinpoint regression analysis. In MEPS, bisphosphonate use increased predominantly in women (from 3.5% in 1996 to 16.6% in 2007) compared with men (2.3% in 2007). In the context of declining typical hip fractures among the US elderly, we observed small but significant increases in the incidence of subtrochanteric fragility fractures from 1999 among postmenopausal women. Using age-adjusted rates, we estimated that for every 100 or so reduction in typical femoral neck or intertrochanteric fractures, there was an increase of one subtrochanteric fragility fracture. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Maslinic acid suppresses osteoclastogenesis and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss by regulating RANKL-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Li Chenghai , Yang Zhengfeng , Li Zhenxi , Ma Yu , Zhang Lipeng , Zheng Chunbing , Qiu Wenwei , Wu Xian , Wang Xiu , Li Hui , Tang Jie , Qian Min , Li Dali , Wang Ping , Luo Jian , Liu Mingyao 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Activation of NF-κB and MAPK/activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling pathways by receptor activator NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is essential for osteoclast activity. Targeting NF-κB and MAPK/AP-1 signaling to modulate osteoclast activity has been a promising strategy for osteoclast-related diseases. In this study we examined the effects of maslinic acid (MA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid that is widely present in dietary plants, on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, osteoclast function, and signaling pathways by in vitro and in vivo assay systems. In mouse bone marrow monocytes (BMMs) and RAW264.7 cells, MA inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in a dose-dependent manner within nongrowth inhibitory concentration, and MA decreased osteoclastogenesis-related marker gene expression, including TRACP, MMP9, c-Src, CTR, and cathepsin K. Specifically, MA suppressed osteoclastogenesis and actin ring formation at early stage. In ovariectomized mice, administration of MA prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss by inhibiting osteoclast activity. At molecular levels, MA abrogated the phosphorylation of MAPKs and AP-1 activity, inhibited the IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, blocked NF-κB/p65 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and DNA-binding activity by downregulating RANK expression and blocking RANK interaction with TRAF6. Together our data demonstrate that MA suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through NF-κB and MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathways and that MA is a promising agent in the treatment of osteoclast-related diseases such as osteoporosis. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Eco‐friendly and facile one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of acridinediones in water under microwave
Authors: Singh Satish Kumar , Singh Krishna Nand 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
A rapid, improved, and environmentally benign synthesis of 4‐arylacridinediones is reported via one‐pot multicomponent reaction of aromatic aldehydes, dimedone, and ammonium acetate in water without any catalyst under microwave irradiation. Excellent yields, shortest reaction time, and easy work‐up are attractive features of this green protocol. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011..
Simultaneous HPLC‐DAD‐MS (ESI+) determination of structural and geometrical isomers of carotenoids in mature grapes
Authors: Crupi Pasquale , Milella Rosa Anna , Antonacci Donato 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCarotenoids are uniquely functional polyene pigments ubiquitous in nature; aside from being responsible for the color of a wide variety of vegetables, interest is being focused on food carotenoids due to their likely health benefits. From analytical point of view, it is important to unequivocally identify individual carotenoid compounds in many food stuffs. Therefore, isolation of standards from natural sources must be encouraged for accurate identifications. Like many fruits, mature grape berries contain numerous carotenoid compounds, mostly found in the skin at levels two to three times higher than in the pulp. Carotenoid compounds in a typical wine grape variety (Negroamaro) grown in Apulian region were investigated by reversed‐phase C30 (RP‐30) HPLC‐DAD‐MS (ESI+) analysis. As a consequence of an unusual ionization process of carotenoids, their mass spectra registered in the positive ion mode comprised both protonated molecules and molecular ion radicals with little fragmentation. Additionally, selective collision‐induced dissociation (CID) experiments, together with fine structures of the UV–vis spectra, were used to differentiate structural and geometrical isomers. This technique allowed the simultaneous determination of regio‐ and cis‐isomers of lutein (zeaxanthin, 9Z and 9′Z‐lutein) and a cis‐isomer of β‐carotene (9Z‐ β‐carotene), 5,6‐epoxy xanthophylls (violaxanthin, (9′Z)‐neoxanthin, lutein‐5,6‐epoxide) and 5,8‐epoxy xanthophylls diasteroisomers (neochrome, auroxanthin, luteoxanthin, flavoxanthin, chrysanthemaxanthin). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trace detection of the chlorohydrins of epoxidized soybean oil in foodstuffs by UPLC–ESI–MS/MS
Authors: Suman Michele , De Dominicis Emiliano , Commissati Italo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEpoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) is used as an authorized plasticizer and a stabilizer for plastic polymers such as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Recently, however, there has been a concrete effort devoted to its substitution for other plasticizers such as polyadipates. ESBO is exploited particularly in food closure gaskets for metal lids used to seal glass jars and bottles. The closure gaskets form an airtight seal necessary to prevent microbiological contamination. Thus, there are potential uses for food sterilization and storage. Additionally, the main pathway of PVC degradation involves the elimination of HCl, which can react with the epoxy groups of ESBO to give mono‐, polychlorohydrins and/or other cyclic derivatives. The European Food Safety Authority noted that not enough analytical and toxicological data exist to express a formal opinion on the significance for the health effects of such derivatives. At present in the scientific literature, there are only a few indicative results of direct measurements of ESBO derivatives and there are no official analytical methods available for the determination of chlorohydrins directly from foodstuffs. This study presents the first example of the analysis of commercial food sauces for the detection of ESBO‐chlorohydrins (as methyl esters). The results are obtained by a dedicated development of an ultraperformance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–MS/MS) method. Sample preparation was based on the following main steps: organic extraction, transesterification and solid‐phase extraction clean up. In particular, four isomers for 18‐E‐OHCl chlorohydrin and eight isomers for 18‐2OHCl chlorohydrin were separated and identified. Different food sauces samples closed in glass jars with twist‐off caps were subjected to qualitative determination, which yielded positive results for 18‐E‐OHCl, whereas no traces of 18‐2OHCl were found. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sorafenib induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of human chondrosarcoma cells by blocking the RAF/ERK/MEK pathway
Authors: Lu Xinchang , Tang Xiaodong , Guo Wei , Ren Tingting , Zhao Hui 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundChondrosarcoma represents the second most common primary malignant bone tumor causing significant morbidity due to local recurrence and limited treatment options. Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy has been proven to be largely ineffective to this sarcoma. Here we report that sorafenib is effective in growth inhibition of chondrosarcoma cell lines in vitro.MethodsChondrosarcoma cell lines (SW1353 and CRL7891) were treated with sorafenib. Flow cytometry, DAPI assay, and Western blotting were employed to determine the effects of sorafenib in inhibitory proliferation and induce apoptosis in chondrosarcoma cells in vitro.ResultsThe results showed that sorafenib effectively inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in chondrosarcoma cells, which was concurrent with inhibition of the expression of phospho‐MEK and phospho‐ERK. Further more the expression levels of cyclin D1, Rb and anti‐apoptotic proteins Bcl‐xl and Mcl‐1 significantly reduced, but no changes in Bcl‐2 and Bax. We although detected the expression of Akt, JNK, p38 and their respective phosphoprotein, but did not found meaningful changes.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that sorafenib inhibited the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway in a time‐ and dose‐dependent fashion in chondrosarcoma cell lines SW1353 and CRL7891 and suggest that sorafenib may be a new therapeutic option for patients with chondrosarcoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:821–826. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical value of plasma hepatocyte growth factor measurement for the diagnosis of periampullary cancer and prognosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Barakat Omar , Rodriguez Gabriela C. , Raijman Isaac , Allison Paul M. , Nieto Javier , Ozaki Claire F. , Wood Robert P. , Engler David A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies suggest that serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) level may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for various tumors. We investigated the utility of plasma HGF level measurements in diagnosing periampullary cancer (PAC).MethodsOf the patients enrolled in this pilot study (n = 118), 57 had PAC, 21 had benign pancreatic tumor (BPT), 20 had chronic pancreatitis (CP), and 20 were healthy controls. Plasma HGF was measured with ELISA kits. It was measured again at 10 days and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).ResultsPlasma HGF levels were significantly higher in PAC patients than in BPT patients, CP patients, or healthy controls. When a cutoff value of 1,120 pg/ml was used, 48/57 (84%) patients with PAC were positive for elevated HGF, but only 6/20 (30%) of patients with CP and none of the controls or patients with BPT were positive for elevated HGF. After PD, HGF levels were significantly elevated at day 10.ConclusionsPlasma HGF level discriminates well between PAC and other, benign diseases. Therefore, HGF measurement could be a useful addition to the existing array of diagnostic tools for PAC pancreatic cancer. The higher postoperative value may reflect the stress of surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:816–820. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of intervertebral disc pressure with T1ρ MRI
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Witschey Walter , Elliott Mark A. , Borthakur Arijitt , Reddy Ravinder 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study is to demonstrate T1ρ MRI's capability for measuring intervertebral disc osmotic pressure. Self‐coregistered sodium and T1ρ‐weighted MR images were acquired on ex vivo bovine intervertebral discs (N = 12) on a 3 T clinical MRI scanner. The sodium MR images were used to calculate effective nucleus pulposus fixed‐charge‐density (mean = 138.2 ± 27.6 mM) and subsequently osmotic pressure (mean = 0.53 ± 0.18 atm), whereas the T1ρ‐weighted images were used to compute T1ρ relaxation maps. A significant linear correlation (R = 0.56, P < 0.01) between nucleus pulposus fixed‐charge‐density and T1ρ relaxation time constant was observed. More importantly, a significant power correlation (R = 0.72, P < 0.01) between nucleus pulposus osmotic pressure as predicted by sodium MRI and T1ρ relaxation time constant was also observed. The current clinical method for assessing disc pressure is discography, which is an invasive procedure that has been shown to have negative effects on disc biomechanical and biochemical properties. In contrast, T1ρ MRI is noninvasive and can be easily implemented in a clinical setting due to its superior signal‐to‐noise ratio compared with sodium MRI. Therefore, T1ρ MRI may serve as a noninvasive clinical tool for the longitudinal evaluation of disc osmotic pressure. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.