bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high recombination frequency within the chicken major histocompatibility (B) complex
Authors: Hepkema B. G. , Grosfeld‐Stulemeyer M. C. , Hensen E. J. , Tilanus M. G. J. , Blankert H. J. , Albers G. A. A. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryChickens of a commercial pure White Leghorn line were typed for B‐F and B‐G by serological, biochemical and molecular biological methods. Amongst 287 typed animals of one particular line, three animals with recombinant haplotypes were identified. Compared to earlier reports this revealed a statistically significant (P < 0 –05), tenfold higher recombination frequency in this chicken line.
Evidence for linkage between K88ab, K88ac intestinal receptors toEscherichia coliand transferrin loci in pigs
Authors: Guérin G. , Bertaud M. , Duval‐Iflah Y. , Bonneau M. , Guillaume P. , Ollivier L. 
Published: July 2010

SummarySegregation at the loci coding for the K88ab and K88ac small intestinal receptors toE. coliadhesins (K88abR, K88acR) and at the transferrin (TF) locus was studied in 38 pig families including 273 piglets. The TF locus showed a segregation deviation towards the B variant while each of the K88 receptors behaved as a single autosomal dominant gene. Recombinants between K88abR and K88acR provide evidence that they are under the control of two different loci. Thirty‐two triple backcross families were selected to test linkage and estimate recombination rates (θ). Our results demonstrate that the two K88 receptor loci are closely linked (θ= 0.02) with a maximum lod score value (Zm) of 46.0. In addition, they are linked to the TF locus, θ= 0.14, Zm= 19.6 for the K88abR locus and θ= 0.16, Zm= 17.9 for the K88acR locus. The estimated recombination rates, smaller in males than in females, are consistent with the order TF‐K88abR‐K88acR. This linkage thus localizes the K88 loci, as the TF locus, on chromosome 13.
A novel molecular fingerprint probe based on the endogenous avian retroviral element (EAV) of chickens
Authors: Benkel B. F. , Gavora J. S. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryWe have developed a novel molecular probe that is useful for DNA fingerprint analysis in chickens. The probe is based on the middle‐repetitive, chicken endogenous retroviral (EAV) element. It consists of 1503 bp of the 3′ portion of the EAV element, extending from the downstream end of the envelope gene to the beginning of the downstream long terminal repeat (LTR). Unlike other probes that are currently in use for fingerprint analysis with chicken DNA, the EAV‐based probe works well at normal levels of stringency, and with standard hybridization buffers. Digestion of chicken genomic DNA with a variety of restriction enzymes routinely yields up to 30 resolvable bands per bird in the 500 bp to 20kbp range. In order to test the efficacy of the EAV‐based fingerprint probe, we have used it to estimate the degree of inbreeding in the inbred WG strain of White Leghorns. We find that the estimates derived with the EAV probe are very similar to those reported previously for the WG strain. These results suggest that molecular probes based on endogenous retroviruses and other middle‐repetitive DNA elements should be useful for fingerprint analysis in chickens, and in vertebrates in general.
1D‐IEF analysis of BoLA class I expression using allo‐antisera reveals additional complexity
Authors: Al‐Murrani S. W. K. , Glass E. J. , Williams J. L. , Oliver R. A. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe use of the bovine allo‐antisera in lymphocyte microcytotoxicity assays suggests that there is a single highly polymorphic class I product expressed by the BoLA system encoded by one locus. In contrast, biochemical techniques, such as 1D‐IEF, reveal a complex pattern of bands for BoLA class I molecules from each animal. In order to understand the origins of this heterogeneity bovine allo‐antisera were used in the immunoprecipitation step of 1D‐IEF and the results compared with those from immunoprecipitation using the monoclonal antibody W6/32.By modifying existing protocols to include Gammabind G a range of bovine allo‐antisera were used successfully to immunoprecpitate bovine MHC class I molecules. The results indicate that the bovine allo‐antisera do not recognize all molecules previously assigned to BoLA class I serotypes by 1D‐IEF. Furthermore, some of the allo‐antisera immunoprecipitated molecules are not recognized by W6/32 and vice versa. This suggests that more than one polymorphic locus is expressed from the bovine MHC and that each allo‐antiserum recognizes molecules encoded by different loci. Examination of the results also suggests the existence of linkage disequilibrium in the BoLA class I region.
Construction of a library of bovine genomic fragments enriched in CpG islands
Authors: De Rubertis F , Comincini S , Leone P , Rognoni G , Ferretti L 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA procedure is described to isolate DNA probes from the bovine genome that are enriched in sites for the so‐called rare cutter restriction endo‐nucleases. A collection of SacII (CvCGCGG)‐Hin‐dlll fragments from bovine sperm was established in the plasmid Bluescript. 180 clones were picked at random and analysed for the presence of inserts with sites for the following rare cutters: Eag I, Bssh II, Nar I, Mlu I, Nru I, Nae I: 70% of the clones contained at least 1 site and 5% contained four different such sites. 22.8% had multiple sites for one or more of the rare cutters tested. Sequence analysis for 16 clones confirmed the cloning of DNA with a G+C content and a proportion of CpG vs GpCs indicative of CpG islands.
Cloning and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a cDNA for swine PIT‐1, a gene controlling growth hormone expression*
Authors: Tuggle C. K. , Yu T‐P , Helm J , Rothschild M F 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA partial swine cDNA which encodes the functional domain of PIT‐1 was isolated by the polymerse chain reaction (PCR). The swine PIT‐1 cDNA clone is 95% identical at the protein level to the rat Pit‐1 gene. Thus, Pit‐l's known function in control of rat growth hormone and prolactin expression is likely to be conserved in swine. This swine cDNA clone was used to investigate genetic variability at PIT‐1 in several American and Chinese breeds. Polymorphic BamIII fragments were found in pure‐bred Meishan animals (n= 13), but only monomorphic fragments in five American breeds (n= 36).
Biochemical characterization of the bovine genetic K‐casein C and E variants
Authors: Miranda G , Anglade P , Mahé M F , Erhardt G 
Published: July 2010

SummaryAnalysis of elution profiles of enzymatic and CNBr digests of K‐caseins C and E, and sequencing of most relevant peptides allowed the chemical characterization of both genetic variants. They differ from their B and A allelic counterparts by a single substitution, His97/Arg and Gly155/Ser, respectively. Electrophoretic behaviour of the investigated C and E variants was in good agreement with the observed amino acid replacements.
Clinal variation at aspartate aminotransferase‐2 in spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier), inhabiting the north‐western Gulf of Mexico
Authors: King T L , Zimmerman E G 
Published: July 2010

SummaryClinal variation was observed at the aspartate aminotransferase‐2 (AAT‐2) locus in the marine fish Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier) inhabiting the bays and estuaries of the Texas and northern Mexico Gulf coasts. Frequency of the AAT‐2(80) allele increased from 0.9% at Sabine Lake, Texas to 17.1% at Rio Soto La Marina, Mexico. A statistically significant correlation existed in the frequency of this allele with degrees north latitude and west longitude. This information, if properly incorporated into a comprehensive enhancement programme, could facilitate supplemental stocking success.
Polymorphism of erythrocyte glucosephosphate isomerase in sheep
Authors: Rasero R , Stasio L Di , Berra G P 
Published: July 2010

SummaryAn electrophoretic analysis of glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) in seven Italian sheep populations suggests that this locus is more polymorphic than previously supposed. The observed phenotype distributions are in agreement with the hypothesis of the existence of three codominant alleles, GPI*F, GPI*S and GPI*N, GPI*S being the most frequent (0.935 ÷ 1.000).
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms at the heat shock protein HSP70 gene(s) in pigs*
Authors: Ruohonen‐Lehto M K , Rothschild M F , Larson R G , Ruohonen‐Lehto M K , Rothschild M F , Larson R G 
Published: July 2010

SummaryPigs from a population consisting of eight US breeds or strains and three Chinese breeds were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the heat shock protein HSP70 gene(s). Limited polymorphisms with PstI and PvuII restriction enzymes were observed, but there were no polymorphisms with BomIII and BglI.
Haemopoietic chimaerism: a complication in heterozygote detection tests for inherited defects in cattle
Authors: Healy P J , Dennis J A , Nicholls P J , Reichmann K G 
Published: July 2010

SummarySeveral observations are documented which illustrate that haemopoietic chimaerism is a potential source of error when using assays of cellular components of blood to determine genotype for inherited defects in cattle. Acidic α‐glucosidase activity in peripheral mononuclear cells of a twin Brahman bull that had sired calves affected with generalized glycogenosis was similar to that in cells from homozygous normal animals. Activity in fibroblasts from this bull was similar to that in heterozygotes. α‐mannosidase activity in fibroblasts of a twin Murray Grey bull with low activity in peripheral granulocytes but high activity in plasma was similar to that in animals homozygous normal for α‐mannosidosis. Normal argininosuccinate synthetase nucleotide sequence was detected in leucocytes from two calves affected with citrullinaemia and mutant sequence detected in leucocytes from their homozygous normal co‐twins.
Genetic blood markers in Arabian, Barb and Arab‐Barb horses in Morocco
Authors: Ouragh L , Mériaux J‐C , Braun J‐P 
Published: July 2010

SummaryGene frequencies at 16 blood group and protein polymorphism loci (A, C, D, K, P, Q, U, Al, Gc, Es, A1B, Tf, PGD, PGM, GPI and Pi) are given for three horse breeds in Morocco (Arabian, Arab‐Barb and Barb). These data are used to calculate average heterozygosity (h), Nei's standard genetic distance (DN) and probability of exclusion (PE). Variability expressed as the average heterozygosity was lower in the Arabian (0.330 ± 0.066), while it was higher and almost the same in the Arab‐Barb (0.413 ± 0.071) and the Barb (0.414 A ± 0–070). The shortest genetic distance was found between Barb and Arab‐Barb. The 16 loci used are at least 95% effective for recognizing incorrect paternity in these breeds. The Barb and Arab‐Barb genetic profiles obtained showed the rare variants interesting perhaps in the context of European and American breeds: notably Dcfgkm, Ddekl, Es‐N, Tf‐A and Pi‐W.
Characterization of a red blood cell antigen in donkeys and mules associated with neonatal isoerythrolysis
Authors: McClure J Johnson , Koch C , Traub‐Dargatz J 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA red cell antigen of donkeys and mules was identified using antibodies in serum from a mare which produced a mule foal affected with neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI). Subsequently antibodies with similar activity were identified in the sera of other mares which had produced mule foals and were produced by immunization of horses with blood from donkeys. The antigen detected by these antibodies does not correspond to any recognized horse red cell alloantigen. This may be a xenoantigen since all donkeys (and mules) tested have shared this antigen and all horses tested have lacked the antigen. The results suggest that all mule pregnancies (donkey sire x horse dam) are incompatible with regard to this factor and a potential for neonatal isoerythrolysis exists in all cases.
Improved discrimination of bovine class II DRβ‐chains polymorphisms using immunoblotting
Authors: Knowles G , Dutia B M , Glass E J , MacCarthy‐Morrogh L , Spooner R L , Hopkins J 
Published: July 2010

SummaryAn immunoblotting technique is reported that reveals electrophoretic variants in the β‐chains of class II antigens of the bovine major histocompatibility complex. One monoclonal antibody, mAb VPM57, reacted on immunoblots with an epitope present in approximately half of the haplotypes investigated. This reagent is especially useful in discriminating electrophoretic variants that have similar isoelectric points.
A study of variability in the MHC class II β1 and class I α2 domain exons of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.
Authors: Grimholt U , Olsaker I , Lindstrøm C de Vries , Lie Ø 
Published: July 2010

SummaryVariability in the most extracellular exons of Atlantic salmon MHC‐Sasa class I and class II was studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by sequencing. The domains studied were class I α2 and class II β1. The material used was genomic DNA of fish, mainly derived from the major Norwegian breeding pool, supplemented with some material from a minor breeder and a local river strain. The analysis revealed extensive variation, most individuals being heterozygous with at least two variants.
BoLA class I charge heterogeneity reflects the expression of more than two loci
Authors: Al‐Murrani S W K , Glass E J , Hopkins J 
Published: July 2010

SummaryInternationally recognized allo‐antisera in lymphocyte microcytotoxicity assays are thought to detect allelic products of a single highly polymorphic class I locus. A recent report suggested that two bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA) class I loci are expressed at the protein level. However, 1D‐IEF analysis of BoLA class I molecules reveals multi‐band patterns which cannot be reconciled with the reported number of loci. The aim of this study was to investigate the origins of the charge diversity of BoLA class I molecules observed using 1D‐IEF.BoLA class I molecules appear to be glycosy‐lated at a single N‐linked position with a complex type carbohydrate moiety which has up to three terminal sialic acid residues. Class I molecules immunoprecipitated from resting bovine PBL are not phosphorylated. Neither modification is responsible for the observed charge heterogeneity.Peptide mapping reveals that different BoLA charge variants have distinct digestion patterns. Furthermore, a number of different polypeptides are associated with each serological specificity. These polypeptides appear to be encoded by different loci which exist in linkage disequilibrium. The number of charge variants with different peptide maps indicates that the BoLA system has a minimum of three class I loci expressed at the protein level.
Assignment of bovine synteny group U2 to chromosome 9
Authors: Eggen A , Bahri‐Darwich I , Mercier D , Vaiman D , Cribiu E P 
Published: July 2010

SummaryOne cosmid containing a microsatellite (INRA144, D9S14) was assigned to bovine synteny group U2 by somatic cell genetics and localized to bovine chromosome 9q25 by fluorescent in situ hybridization. These results permitted the assignment of one more synteny group to a bovine chromosome. There are now 22 out of 31 bovine synteny groups which are related to a chromosome. The mapping data have been entered in the BovMap database, Jouy‐en‐Josas, France.
Mitochondrial genetic variation in European, African and Indian cattle populations
Authors: Loftus R T , Hugh D E Mac , Ngere L O , Balain D S , Badi A M , Bradley D G , Cunningham E P 
Published: July 2010

SummaryMitochondrial DNA from representative animals of 13 different cattle breeds was assayed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) to determine phylogenetic relationships and levels of variation among breeds; 16 different mitotypes were found, described by 20 polymorphisms. Within these 16 mitotypes two major lineages were apparent: an Afro‐European and an Asian type. These were found to differ at over 2.3% of sites surveyed. None of the mitotypes found in the Asian lineage was detectable in the Afro‐European lineage and vice versa. Within each of the major mitotypes there were no further significant differences within or among breeds. Using rates of mitochondrial evolution estimated from other species, the two lineages were estimated to have diverged between 575000 and 1150000 years ago; well outside the 10000 years bp timeframe postulated by a single domestication hypothesis. The results presented are concordant with those generated in other studies and provide strong evidence for an independent domestication of Asian Bos indicus. Furthermore, the grouping of all African indicine populations within the clade containing all Bos taurus lineages points to the hybrid origins of the humped cattle of that continent.
Repetitive plasmid sequences generate DNA fingerprinting patterns in mammals
Authors: Dolf G , Hübscher K J , Stranzinger G , Gaillard C , Frey J 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBacterial plasmids with stringently regulated copy numbers have directly repeated DNA sequences, termed iterons, in the vicinity of their replication origins. These sequences bind a specific protein exerting a key role in the initiation of plasmid replication. Plasmids P1, pSC101 and RFS1010 have different iteron sequences and belong to three different incompatibility groups. Used as DNA probes each of these plasmids generates specific patterns in mammals similar to those obtained by the DNA fingerprinting technique. The iteron‐containing regions were identified as the part of the plasmids responsible for those patterns by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified DNA segments that contained the iteron regions as probes.
Red cell reduced glutathione concentrations in Spanish Churra sheep
Authors: Bayón Y , Arranz J J , Primitivo F San 
Published: July 2010

SummaryErythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were investigated in Spanish Churra sheep. GSH deficiency appeared in a high frequency, a clear bimodal distribution being apparent. No significant concentrations of amino acids were detected in the samples and no significant differences were found in potassium concentrations between the low‐GSH and the high‐GSH type animals. Such results indicate that erythrocyte GSH deficiency in Churra sheep may be similar to the ‘Merino type’ GSH deficiency. Furthermore, limited inheritance data suggested that a second type of GSH deficiency might be present also in Churra sheep.
Identification, isolation and characterization of canine minisatellite sequences
Authors: Joseph S. S. , Sampson J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA Charomid ordered‐array library containing a 2–16 Kb size fraction of MbeoI‐digested canine genomic DNA has been screened with the Jeffreys multilocus probes, 33‐6 and 33‐15, to identify and isolate canine minisatellite sequences. Of the 48 positive clones identified, 7 were found to contain polymorphic mini‐satellites with heterozygosities in the range 20–88%. The majority of the remainder were either monomorphic or dimorphic in the animals tested. Analysis of intrabreed variation in Bedlington Terriers using two polymorphic minisatellites has shown that a significant reduction occurs in the number of alleles seen compared to an agglomerated population sample, correlating with the high level of inbreeding within this breed. Flanking DNA sequence and partial repeat sequence is presented for the most polymorphic minisatellite thus far identified, cCfaMP5. The variable region in this mini‐satellite is similar to human minisatellites which show a distinct purine or pyrimidine strand bias.
Blood groups and protein polymorphisms in five goat breeds (Capra hircus)
Authors: Pépin L. , Nguyen TC 
Published: July 2010

SummaryData on allele frequencies at six red cell blood group systems and three blood protein polymorphic loci in five goat breeds are reported. Two blood proteins, albumin and carbonic anhy‐drase, were not found to be polymorphic. The B blood group system of goats, like its homologue in cattle and sheep, is highly complex. At least 44 B phenogroups (haplotypes) have been distinguished in this study. Based on the variation in allele frequencies between breeds, genetic distances were calculated. The distances estimated by four different methods were in close agreement with data from the history and geographic origins of the breeds examined.
Genetic variation at pig plasma protein locus PLP1 and its assignment to chromosome 5
Authors: Juneja R. K. , Anderson L. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA new genetic polymorphism of an unidentified plasma protein (PLP1) in pigs was described by using a method of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and protein staining. Two codominant alleles, with frequencies of 0.83 and 0.17, were found in the Swedish Yorkshire breed. The PLP1 marker was typed in a three‐generation pedigree and tested for linkage against a set of 128 markers. The PLP1 locus showed significant LOD score values with three different microsatellite markers (S0092, DAGK and S005), previously assigned to chromosome 5.
Molecular characterization of the porcine MHC class I region
Authors: Gaycken U. , Shabahang M. , Meyer J. N. , Glodek P. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA porcine cosmid library was screened with a human MHC class I cDNA. Four positive clones were isolated and mapped with different restriction endonucleases. Altogether nine SLA class I genes were identified and their positions located within restriction maps. Sizes of class I homologous DNA sequences varied between 3600 and 5800bp. The distances between these regions ranged from 11900 to 22200bp.
The bovine B and C blood group systems are not likely to be the orthologues of human RH: an interesting twist in the comparative map
Authors: Lewin H A , Beever J E , Da Y , Hines H C , Faulkner D B 
Published: July 2010

SummaryWe tested the hypothesis that either the bovine B or C blood group system is the orthologue of human RH. A comparative linkage mapping strategy was applied, using blood typing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of four loci linked to RH on HSA1; PGD, FGR, ALPL and FUCA1. Four sires with a total of 255 half‐sib offspring were used for the linkage analysis. Strong support for linkage between ALPL, FUCA1 and FGR was obtained for all sire families (lod scores >11 for all pairwise comparisons). This new linkage group was assigned to bovine synteny group U17 based on previous somatic cell mapping of the FGR locus. The most favoured order is ALPL—FUCA1—FGR (2·18:1), with ALPL and FGR 5·4 cm and 6·3 cm, respectively, from FUCA1. The B and C blood group systems and PGD were genetically independent of each other and all other markers, indicating that neither B nor C is likely to be the bovine orthologue of human RH. However, given available comparative mapping data, there is some chance that the bovine orthologue of RH is on bovine synteny group U6. Although gene order appears to be conserved with humans, the differences in recombination rates between these three loci in cattle, humans and mice strongly suggest that it is not possible to use human map distances to predict map distances in cattle, making it imperative that bovine gene mappers continue to emphasize adding type I markers to the bovine linkage map.