bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extrapolation of discrete Triebel‐Lizorkin spaces
Authors: Bownik Marcin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe show an extrapolation formula for discrete Triebel‐Lizorkin spaces which extends a formula of Cwikel and Nilsson 14 to quasi‐Banach lattices. This is done in the general setting of anisotropic Triebel‐Lizorkin spaces associated with expansive dilations and doubling measures on \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathbb R^n}$\end{document} introduced by the author 4, 5. Our main result is new even in the standard dyadic setting.
Almost‐compact embeddings
Authors: Slavíková Lenka 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe study almost‐compact embeddings between Banach function spaces. We prove a necessary and sufficient condition in terms of almost‐everywhere convergence. We also study the dependence of an almost‐compact embedding on the measure space. We introduce a certain product operator and show its intimate relation to an almost‐compact embedding. We also characterize general almost‐compact embeddings among Lorentz and Marcinkiewicz endpoint spaces.
Motor signs in the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Maetzler Walter , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRelatively subtle deterioration of the motor system likely occurs well before the patient meets established motor criteria for a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease; ie, the occurrence of at least 2 of the cardinal motor deficits: bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and/or postural instability. Powerful compensatory mechanisms may mask these clinical symptoms and make them difficult to identify and evaluate in the earliest stages of the illness. This review summarizes our current knowledge of motor signs that are thought to occur in the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease and suggests how motor assessment batteries could be designed to detect these subclinical motor deficits with a high degree of accuracy and sensitivity. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
The extended diep flap: Extending the possibilities for breast reconstruction with tissue from the lower abdomen
Authors: Shafighi Maziar , Constantinescu Mihai A. , Huemer Georg M. , Olariu Radu , Bonel Harald M. , Banic Andrej , Ramakrishnan Venkat 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground:The classical DIEP‐flap is considered state‐of‐the‐art in microsurgical autologous breast reconstruction. Some patients may require additional volume to match the contralateral breast. This quality control study prospectively evaluates the feasibility and outcome of a surgical technique, which pursues the volumetric augmentation of the DIEP‐flap by harvesting of additional subscarpal fat tissue cranial to the classical flap border.Patients and methods:For radiologically based estimation of volumetric flap‐gain potential, abdominal CT‐scans of 10 Patients were randomly selected and used for computerized volumetric estimates. Surgical evaluation of the technique was prospectively performed between 09/2009 and 09/2010 in 10 patients undergoing breast reconstruction with extended DIEP‐flap at two institutions. The outcome regarding size, volume, and symmetry was evaluated.Results:Radiologically, the mean computed volume gain of an extended DIEP was 16.7%, when compared with the infraumbilical unilateral flap volume. Clinically, the intraoperatively measured mean volume gain was of 98.6 g (range: 75–121 g), representing 13.8% of the flap volume. All 10 flaps survived without revision surgery. In three flaps, minor fat necrosis occurred in zone III and was treated conservatively. No fat necrosis was observed in the extended flap area.Conclusions:In this first prospective series, the extended DIEP‐flap proved to be feasible, reliable and safe for its use in breast reconstruction. Both radiological estimation and intraoperative measurements demonstrated a statistically significant volume gain with no complications in the extended area. The technique is of benefit in selected patients requiring additional reconstructive volume than the one achieved with the classical DIEP‐flap.Level of evidence:Therapeutic Level IV. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Theoretical analysis of free carrier absorption in the cavity of a quantum cascade laser
Authors: Bogdanov Andrey , Suris Robert 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this work we analyze free carrier absorption (FCA) and polarization ratio (transversality degree) for eigenmodes of a quantum cascade laser (QCL) waveguide. We consider the dielectric function and conductivity of the waveguide core and cladding layers within the Drude–Lorentz approximation. We show that the entire spectrum of a QCL cavity consists of three kinds of eigenmodes: volume, surface, and Langmuir modes. We perform an analytical analysis and numerical calculations of FCA and polarization ratio for each type of the eigenmodes within a wide frequency range from the microwave up to the ultraviolet spectrum. We make a comparative analysis of FCA in the cladding layers and waveguide core. We specify frequency intervals where absorption in the core or in the cladding layers is dominant. Identification of the most favorable modes for lasing is carried out for each part of the spectrum. So, we identify that the main Langmuir mode is the most favorable mode for the lasing at the long‐wave edge of the terahertz (THz) region: (i) it has no frequency cutoff and can be excited at arbitrarily low frequency, (ii) it is nearly transversal that is very favorable for the QCL operation, and (iii) it is almost totally confined within the waveguide core. The model analyzed is directly related to one‐dimensional photonic crystals and metamaterials consisting of alternating anisotropic layers.
Optical investigations on single vertically coupled InP/GaInP quantum dot pairs
Authors: Kessler Christian A. , Reischle Matthias , Roßbach Robert , Koroknay Elisabeth , Jetter Michael , Schweizer Heinz , Michler Peter 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSingle vertically stacked pairs of InP quantum dots (QDs) with different interdot barrier width are investigated using microphotoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy and time‐resolved techniques. The results indicate unidirectional carrier tunneling to be the main coupling mechanism between the two layers containing QDs with intentionally different size. The coupling is changing from electron–hole tunneling to electron tunneling and finally vanishing tunneling with increasing barrier size.magnified image
Two QDs of different size form an asymmetric QD molecule with different ground state energies of the composing single QDs. Carriers can tunnel from the small dot to the large dot depending on the interdot spacer thickness dsp.
The forces of inertial oscillations
Authors: Early Jeffrey J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBy starting with a free particle and successively adding constraints, it is shown that the free motion of a particle constrained to the Earth's surface is inertial, despite statements in the literature to the contrary, and that an observer on this particle would not measure a force tangent to the Earth's surface. However, if the observer extended his measurements to include the direction normal to the Earth's surface then he would detect an oscillating force. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Interval Archetypes: A New Tool for Interval Data Analysis
Authors: D'Esposito Maria R. , Palumbo Francesco , Ragozini Giancarlo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractArchetypal analysis aims at synthesizing single‐valued data sets through a few (not necessarily observed) points that are called archetypes, under the constraint that all points can be represented as a convex combination of the archetypes themselves and that the archetypes are a convex combination of the data. In this paper, we extend this methodology to the case of interval‐valued data, which represent a special case of set‐valued data, where the sets are compact and identified by ordered pairs of values. In addition, we propose to use interval archetypes as a tool in an analysis strategy to explore and mine complex data sets. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2012
Armitage lecture 2010: Understanding treatment effects: the value of integrating longitudinal data and survival analysis
Authors: Aalen Odd O. 
Published: March 2012

There is a single‐minded focus on events in survival analysis, and we often ignore longitudinal data that are collected together with the event data. This is due to a lack of methodology but also a result of the artificial distinction between survival and longitudinal data analyses. Understanding the dynamics of such processes is important but has been hampered by a lack of appreciation of the difference between confirmatory and exploratory causal inferences. The latter represents an attempt at elucidating mechanisms by applying mediation analysis to statistical data and will usually be of a more tentative character than a confirmatory analysis.The concept of local independence and the associated graphs are useful. This is related to Granger causality, an important method from econometrics that is generally undervalued by statisticians. This causality concept is different from the counterfactual one since it lacks lacks the intervention aspect. The notion that one can intervene at will in naturally occurring processes, which seems to underly much of modern causal inference, is problematic when studying mediation and mechanisms.It is natural to assume a stochastic process point of view when analyzing dynamic relationships. We present some examples to illustrate this.It is not clear how survival analysis must be developed to handle the complex life‐history data that are increasingly being collected today. We give some suggestions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterning the primary root in Arabidopsis
Authors: Cederholm Heidi M. , Iyer‐Pascuzzi Anjali S. , Benfey Philip N. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Arabidopsis root, with its ordered cell divisons and straightforward patterning, is a tractable model for understanding organ formation during plant development. Regular cell divisions in the root tip produce consistent cell type arrangements that can be followed through time. Root development occurs through the precise spatiotemporal control of transcription factors and phytohormone signaling networks. In this article, we provide a broad overview of the major events controlling embryonic and post‐embryonic development within each major tissue and cell type in the primary root of Arabidopsis. WIREs Dev Biol 2012 doi: 10.1002/wdev.49For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Community‐Based Prevention Support: Using the Interactive Systems Framework to Facilitate Grassroots Evidenced‐Based Substance Abuse Prevention
Authors: Firesheets E. Kelly , Francis Mary , Barnum Ann , Rolf Laura 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe community plays an important role in the success of substance abuse prevention efforts. However, current funding structures and a focus on limited approaches to prevention delivery have created a large gap between what substance abuse prevention professionals practice and what the community at large knows about prevention. The concept of “community” has not always been well‐defined in the field of prevention, and there are few mechanisms to engage grassroots community members in evidence‐based substance abuse prevention. This article explains how Wandersman et al.'s (Am J Community Psychol 41:171–181, 2008) Interactive Systems Framework can be applied to grassroots prevention efforts. The authors describe a Community Prevention Support System that collaborates with the Professional Prevention Support System to promote the adoption of evidence‐based substance abuse prevention practices at the grassroots, community level.Special Issue: Advances in Bridging Research and Practice Using the Interactive System Framework for Dissemination and Implementation; Guest Editors: Abraham Wandersman, Paul Flaspohler, Catherine A. Lesesne, Richard Puddy; Action Editor: Emilie Phillips Smith
Spalthand-/Spaltfußfehlbildungen
Authors: Klopocki E. 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Spalthand-/Spaltfußfehlbildungen (SHFM), auch Ektrodaktylie genannt, sind charakterisiert durch Fehlbildungen, die vor allem die medianen Strahlen der Hände/Füße betreffen und häufig mit einer Spaltbildung einhergehen. Basierend auf der Untersuchung von Mausmodellen wird derzeit ein Defekt der apikalen ektodermalen Randleiste als Pathomechanismus postuliert. Bisher wurden für SHFM sechs verschiedene Loci kartiert und sowohl Punktmutationen als auch genomische Rearrangements (Duplikationen, Translokationen, Deletionen) nachgewiesen. Die Ursache für SHFM bleibt in vielen Fällen dennoch ungeklärt. Mit Hilfe genomweiter Such-Methoden wie der Array-CGH konnten kürzlich Mikroduplikationen am Locus 17p13.3 als Ursache für Ektrodaktylie in Kombination mit Tibia-Reduktionsfehlbildungen identifiziert werden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die genetischen Grundlagen, die Pathogenese sowie die Vererbung von SHFM und präsentiert ein Schema zum diagnostischen Vorgehen basierend auf der Häufigkeit der jeweiligen genetischen Ursache.
Pore Formation in Solid
Authors: Wei P. S. , Hsiao S. Y. , Hsieh S. S. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe shapes of a growing or decaying bubble entrapped by a solidification front are predicted in this work. The bubble results from supersaturation of a dissolved gas in the liquid ahead of the solidification front. Pore formation and its shape in solid are one of the most critical factors affecting properties, microstructure, and stresses in materials. In this study, the bubble and pore shapes entrapped in solid can be described by a three-dimensional phase diagram, obtained from perturbation solutions of Young-Laplace equation governing the tiny bubble shape in the literature. The predicted growth and entrapment of a microbubble as a pore in solid are found to agree with experimental data. This work thus provides a realistic prediction of the general growth of the pore shape as a function of different working parameters.
Geometrical Stiffness of Thin-Walled I-Beam Element Based on Rigid-Beam Assemblage Concept
Authors: Yau J. D. , Kuo S.-R. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTUsing conventional virtual work method to derive geometric stiffness of a thin-walled beam element, researchers usually have to deal with nonlinear strains with high order terms and the induced moments caused by cross sectional stress results under rotations. To simplify the laborious procedure, this study decomposes an I-beam element into three narrow beam components in conjunction with geometrical hypothesis of rigid cross section. Then let us adopt Yanget al.'s simplified geometric stiffness matrix [kg]12×12of a rigid beam element as the basis of geometric stiffness of a narrow beam element. Finally, we can use rigid beam assemblage and stiffness transformation procedure to derivate the geometric stiffness matrix [kg]14×14of an I-beam element, in which two nodal warping deformations are included. From the derived [kg]14×14matrix, it can take into account the nature of various rotational moments, such as semi-tangential (ST) property for St. Venant torque and quasi-tangential (QT) property for both bending moment and warping torque. The applicability of the proposed [kg]14×14matrix to buckling problem and geometric nonlinear analysis of loaded I-shaped beam structures will be verified and compared with the results presented in existing literatures. Moreover, the post-buckling behavior of a centrally-load web-tapered I-beam with warping restraints will be investigated as well.
Application of Optimal Design on Twin Die Stacked Package by Reliability Indicator of Average SED Concept
Authors: Chen R.-S. , Huang C.-H. , Xie Y.-Z. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the optimal design for a twin die stacked package. Firstly, the numerical model is built up in terms of a three-dimensional slice model along the diagonal direction of the package. The material behavior of the solder balls is a consequence of the viscoplastic property which can be described by the Anand's model. Secondly, the Darveaux model is applied to predict the solder ball reliability of the stacked die package under a cyclic temperature loading. Since simulation analysis found an obvious relation is found between the fatigue life of the solder ball and the distribution of the accumulated strain energy density (SED) on the critical solder ball of the package through the simulation analysis, the average value of the strain energy density for all solder balls is adopted as the optimization indicator of reliability. With such a viewpoint, the critical solder ball position can be ignored, and accordingly an efficient analysis can be obtained. Finally, the Box-Behnken regression model is adopted to construct all the experiments. Each experiment analyzes the reliability of the package under varying parameters. Subsequently, the pattern search algorithm is applied to search for optimal factors.Through optimal analysis with the fatigue reliability indicator of an average SED, the fatigue life is found to be 59% lower than that of the original design. The fatigue life had clearly improved and the lowest ball fatigue life is found to be 2.859 times longer than the original one.
Dynamic Analysis for Circular Inclusion Near Interfacial Crack Impacted by SH-Wave in Half Space
Authors: Qi H. , Yang J. , Shi Y. , Tian J. Y. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTComplex method and Green's function method are used here to investigate the dynamic analysis for circular inclusion near interfacial crack impacted by SH-wave in bi-material half-space. Firstly, the displacement expression of the scattering wave was constructed which satisfied the free boundary conditions, then Green's function could be constructed, which was an essential solution to the displacement field for an elastic right-angle space with a circular inclusion impacted by out-plane harmonic line source loading at vertical surface. Secondly, crack was made out with “crack-division” technique. Meanwhile, the bi-material media was divided into two parts along the bi-material interface based on the idea of interface “conjunction”, and then the vertical surfaces of the two right-angle spaces were loaded with undetermined anti-plane forces in order to satisfy displacement continuity and stress continuity conditions at linking section. So a series of algebraic equations for determining the unknown forces could be set up through continuity conditions and the Green's function. Finally, some examples and results for dynamic stress concentration factor of the circular elastic inclusion were given. Numerical results show that they are influenced by interfacial crack, the incident wave number and the free boundary in some degree.
Application of Fast Multipole Method for Parallel Mufflers
Authors: Wu C.-H. , Wang C.-N. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to examine the acoustic performance of parallel simple expansion mufflers by a new approach for an acceleration of computational time required. The fast multipole method separated the field points and source points into two terms by means of addition theorem. When the boundary is divided into uniform meshes, the integration of source element can be calculated fast. Therefore, the fast multipole method, when compared with the boundary element method, reduces CPU time from an order of N2 to NlogγN, where N is the number of unknowns and γ is a constant. The numerical results have been compared with experiments and analytical approaches based on pressure and velocity continuity, as well as the modal meshing approach; the results clearly show that the agreements are good.
Flow of a Second Grade Fluid over a Stretching Surface with Newtonian Heating
Authors: Hayat T. , Iqbal Z. , Mustafa M. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis article describes the boundary layer flow and heat transfer in a second grade fluid over a stretching sheet. Heat transfer analysis is carried out in the presence of a Newtonian heating. The partial differential systems have been transformed into the ordinary differential systems by appropriate relations. Homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used for the solutions. Graphical and tabulated results are presented to see the significance of influential parameters on the velocity and temperature fields. It is seen that temperature profiles and heat transfer rate significantly increase by increasing the conjugate parameter (γ) for Newtonian heating.
A Series Solution for Wave Scattering by a Circular Island on a Shoal Based on the Mild-Slope Equation
Authors: Cheng Y.-M. , Chen C.-T. , Tu L.-F. , Lee J.-F. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTA series solution based on the mild-slope equation is produced in this study of wave scattering produced by a circular cylindrical island mounted on an axi-symmetrical shoal. The solution is presumed to be a Fourier cosine expansion with variable coefficients in the radial direction on account of the symmetric scattering field, which translates the original 2-D boundary-value problem to a 1-D one in which an ordinary differential equation is in effect treated. Approximations to the coefficients of the governing equation with the Taylor expansions enable the use of the Frobenius method, and consequently the solution is obtained in a combined Fourier and power series. For verification, the present method is mainly compared with Zhu and Zhang's [1] analytical solution of the linearised shallow water equation for a conical shoal, and with a different analytical solution of the mild-slope equation developed by Liuet al.[2] for a paraboloidal shoal. Fine agreements are achieved. The present method is then used to investigate the variation pattern of the wave run-up when the shoal profile varies from conical to paraboloidal, and some interesting phenomena are observed.
An Experimental Study on the Effects of Nozzle and Surface Geometry in FC-72 Jet Cooling
Authors: Chien L.-H. , Wu T.-L. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTIn this study, a spray cooling device for electronic components was investigated. Dielectric fuid (FC-72) was sprayed at 50°C through five nozzles (4.243mm spacing). The nozzles are of diameters 0.17, 0.23 or 0.41mm. Volume flow rate varied from 24.5 to 99.1ml/min. Two grooved surfaces and a smooth surface were tested, and the heated area was 12 × 12mm2. The larger nozzles yielded greater heat transfer coefficients at high heat fluxes (300 ∼ 600kW/m2). However, smaller nozzles result in greater dry-out heat fluxes and greater heat transfer coefficients at heat flux < 300kW/m2. The C4 surface, having parallel grooves of 0.4mm depth, improved the spray cooling performance by up to 80% as compared with the smooth suface. Its thermal resistance is 0.11 ∼ 0.12K/W at 99.1ml/min flow rate, in the range of 85 ∼ 130W heat input. A new correlation of spray cooling, accounting for the contributions of nucleate boiling and spray convection, is proposed. For data of FC-72 in the range of Re = 856 ∼ 6188, Bo = 0.19 ∼ 5.70, We = 25.2 ∼ 3541.3, the predicted h-values agree with experimental data of the smooth surface within ±25%.
Entropy Generation Analysis for Microscale Forced Convection in Thermal Entrance Region
Authors: Vandadi V. , Vandadi A. , Niazmand H. , Aghanajafi C. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTAn analytical study on entropy generation considering viscous dissipation effect in the circular microchannel is reported. The fluid flow is steady, laminar, hydrodynamically fully developed and thermally developing. In the first law analysis, appropriate dimensionless variables are applied to solve the energy equation in the thermal entrance region of microchannel. Subsequently the obtained temperature field is used to derive an expression for entropy generation rate. The effect of Knudsen number and Brinkman number on the entropy generation rate and Bejan number in different axial location is presented.