bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Digital Underwater Video Camera System for Aquatic Research in Regulated Rivers
Authors: Martin Benjamin M. , Irwin Elise R. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
We designed a digital underwater video camera system to monitor nesting centrarchid behavior in the Tallapoosa River, Alabama, 20 km below a peaking hydropower dam with a highly variable flow regime. Major components of the system included a digital video recorder, multiple underwater cameras, and specially fabricated substrate stakes. The innovative design of the substrate stakes allowed us to effectively observe nesting redbreast sunfish Lepomis auritus in a highly regulated river. Substrate stakes, which were constructed for the specific substratum complex (i.e., sand, gravel, and cobble) identified at our study site, were able to withstand a discharge level of approximately 300 m3/s and allowed us to simultaneously record 10 active nests before and during water releases from the dam. We believe our technique will be valuable for other researchers that work in regulated rivers to quantify behavior of aquatic fauna in response to a discharge disturbance.
A Survey of Bowfishing Tournaments in Arkansas
Authors: Quinn Jeffrey W. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Bowfishing is an understudied method of fishing that appears to be legal throughout the United States. Therefore, species composition and harvest rates were determined at six bowfishing tournaments held in Arkansas at the lower White River, the Arkansas River at Lake Dardanelle, the Arkansas River at Piney Bay, Lake DeGray, Bull Shoals Lake, and Lake Ouachita between July 1999 and May 2000. A total of 3,280 fish were harvested at the six tournaments; of this total, 2,751 fish representing 19 species were identified. Total harvest per tournament ranged from 179 to 1,674 fish and from 6 to 12 species. Mean (±SD) harvest rate for tournament participants was 3.8 ± 1.1 fish/h; among tournament winners, the harvest rate was 7.7 ± 2.8 fish/h, which appears high compared with other sport fisheries (range = 0.28–2.59 fish/h). Five species accounted for 84% of fish harvested: spotted gar Lepisosteus oculatus, common carp Cyprinus carpio, shortnose gar L. platostomus, spotted sucker Minytrema melanops, and smallmouth buffalo Ictiobus bubalus. Rank number of each species harvested at the tournaments was correlated (P &lt; 0.05) for only 4 of 15 pairwise comparisons, which suggests that harvest often varies by tournament. Tournaments held at the Arkansas and White rivers had correlated harvest, as did spring tournaments held at the Ouachita River drainage reservoirs (i.e., Lake DeGray and Lake Ouachita). Harvest of fish smaller than published size-at-maturity estimates was generally not problematic but appeared to be of greatest concern for smaller-bodied catostomid species. This study indicates that tournament bowfishers have higher harvest rates than traditional rod-and-reel anglers. Results of this survey should provide baseline information that may assist natural resource agencies with management of bowfishing.
An Empirical Assessment of PHABSIM Using Long-Term Monitoring of Coho Salmon Smolt Production in Bingham Creek, Washington
Authors: Beecher Hal A. , Caldwell Brad A. , DeMond S. Brett , Seiler Dave , Boessow Steven N. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
We conducted a PHABSIM study on Bingham Creek, Washington, by using validated habitat suitability criteria for the rearing of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. We compared the relationship between weighted usable area (WUA) and flow with a previously determined empirical relationship that showed increasing coho salmon smolt production with increasing summer low flow (). The relationship between juvenile coho salmon WUA and flow indicated that the greatest amount of habitat occurred at a flow that was lower than our low-flow measurement, and the amount of habitat decreased with increasing flow. Thus, PHABSIM results were contrary to empirical measurement of coho salmon smolt production. Based on the relationship between summer flow and smolt production, production of smolts would decline if flow was reduced to the flow that maximizes WUA. The failure of PHABSIM to be consistent with empirical results may have be related to habitat suitability being influenced more by the numerous subdominant, schooling juvenile coho salmon and less by the dominant, territorial individuals, which have higher survival and prefer higher velocities.
Power of Revisit Monitoring Designs to Detect Forestwide Declines in Trout Populations
Authors: Dauwalter Daniel C. , Rahel Frank J. , Gerow Kenneth G. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Managers are often required to monitor networks of sites to make inferences about trends in fish populations over large geographic areas. We evaluated the statistical power of four revisit monitoring designs (always revisit design; two types of augmented serially alternating design; and serially alternating design) to detect declines in trout population biomass over a 30-year time horizon. The Medicine Bow National Forest, Wyoming, was used as a case study, and the designs were based on sampling 20 or 30 sites every other year but varied in the total number of sites (20–40 or 30–60) and the timing and frequency with which sites were monitored. The always revisit design, in which the same 20 or 30 sites were sampled during every monitoring period, often had slightly higher power than the other designs. However, any differences in power quickly diminished due to the rapid increase in power over time for all four designs. The similar levels of statistical power to detect population declines among the designs we evaluated suggest that managers have flexibility to choose a revisit design with increased spatial coverage and implementation complexity without sacrificing trend detection capability.
Effects of Healing Time and Pulsed-DC Waveform on Injury Detection and Incidence in Electroshocked Juvenile Chinook Salmon
Authors: Holliman F. M. , Reynolds J. B. , Holmes J. A. S. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Electrofishing is widely used to assess juvenile Pacific salmonids in freshwaters, but electroshock-induced injury may result. The small size of juvenile fish makes detection of internal injuries, particularly spinal injuries, more difficult than in adult fish. To test the idea that growth and healing of vertebral injuries over time would render injuries more detectable, we exposed age-1 Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to conventional 60-Hz pulsed direct current (PDC) and dual-frequency PDC (DFPDC; 568 and 15 Hz) in a tank study. To simulate field conditions, capture-prone behaviors (immobilization and forced swimming) were achieved by applying 60-Hz PDC at a voltage gradient of 1.1 V/cm and DFPDC at 5.0 V/cm. Because electroshock treatments occurred only on day 0, we assumed that all injuries occurred on that day. Evaluation of injuries on days 1, 7, 14, 28, and 56 of a 56-d experiment revealed decreasingly detectable hemorrhages (as a result of healing) but increasingly detectable spinal injuries. Incidences of spinal injury induced by 60-Hz PDC and 568-Hz and 15-Hz DFPDC were both high (40–80% range) and not significantly different. However, fish responses to electroshock (behavior, bruising, mortality, and growth) followed a trend of greater severity for PDC than for DFPDC. Fewer age-0 fish were available; on day 0, they were exposed only to PDC and evaluated only on days 1 and 56. The most marked increase in detection of spinal injuries was observed in age-0 fish: the injury rate increased from 0% on day 1 to 53% on day 56. Immobilization of Chinook salmon (and presumably other juvenile salmonids) by 60-Hz PDC will cause significant trauma. Use of dual-frequency PDC, even at the higher voltage levels sufficient to immobilize these fish, will reduce these effects. Estimates of spinal injury rates in electroshocked juvenile salmonids may be biased downward unless sufficient time has passed for healing and growth to occur, thereby increasing the probability of radiographic detection.
A Likelihood Framework for Joint Estimation of Salmon Abundance and Migratory Timing Using Telemetric Mark—Recapture
Authors: Bromaghin Jeffrey F. , Gates Kenneth S. , Palmer Douglas E. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Many fisheries for Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. are actively managed to meet escapement goal objectives. In fisheries where the demand for surplus production is high, an extensive assessment program is needed to achieve the opposing objectives of allowing adequate escapement and fully exploiting the available surplus. Knowledge of abundance is a critical element of such assessment programs. Abundance estimation using mark—recapture experiments in combination with telemetry has become common in recent years, particularly within Alaskan river systems. Fish are typically captured and marked in the lower river while migrating in aggregations of individuals from multiple populations. Recapture data are obtained using telemetry receivers that are co-located with abundance assessment projects near spawning areas, which provide large sample sizes and information on population-specific mark rates. When recapture data are obtained from multiple populations, unequal mark rates may reflect a violation of the assumption of homogeneous capture probabilities. A common analytical strategy is to test the hypothesis that mark rates are homogeneous and combine all recapture data if the test is not significant. However, mark rates are often low, and a test of homogeneity may lack sufficient power to detect meaningful differences among populations. In addition, differences among mark rates may provide information that could be exploited during parameter estimation. We present a temporally stratified mark—recapture model that permits capture probabilities and migratory timing through the capture area to vary among strata. Abundance information obtained from a subset of populations after the populations have segregated for spawning is jointly modeled with telemetry distribution data by use of a likelihood function. Maximization of the likelihood produces estimates of the abundance and timing of individual populations migrating through the capture area, thus yielding substantially more information than the total abundance estimate provided by the conventional approach. The utility of the model is illustrated with data for coho salmon O. kisutch from the Kasilof River in south-central Alaska.
Electrofishing Practices Have Limited Effects on Largemouth Bass Feeding Behavior
Authors: Siepker Michael J. , Ostrand Kenneth G. , Ball Elizabeth L. , Wahl David H. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Electrofishing is an effective fish capture technique used by many fisheries professionals. Despite the overall effectiveness of the technique, there have been reported negative consequences attributed to its use. We investigated the time to resumption of feeding for adult largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides subjected to electrofishing procedures compared with that for control fish across a range of sizes and water temperatures. Control fish fed immediately, whereas the resumption of feeding was delayed for a short period in electrofished largemouth bass. Time to resumption of feeding was not influenced by temperature but was influenced by largemouth bass size, with larger fish taking longer to resume feeding than smaller conspecifics. Although a single electrofishing event had limited effects on feeding behavior of largemouth bass, fisheries professionals should remain cognizant of other potential negative effects on fishes.
High altitude pulmonary edema
Authors: Hackett Peter H. , Roach Robert C. 
Published: January 2011

High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a non-cardiogenic edema which afflicts susceptible persons who ascend to altitudes above 2500 meters and remain there for 24 to 48 h or longer. Incidence varies with the rate of ascent and the altitude, while contributing factors include exertion and perhaps cold. Individuals susceptible to HAPE have low hypoxic ventilatory drive and an increased pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to hypoxia. Pathophysiologically, excessive pulmonary hypertension is the sine qua non of HAPE, but other factors must also be present to produce permeability edema. Clinical manifestations of mild HAPE are dyspnea with exertion, decreased exercise ability, and dry cough. Symptoms of more advanced HAPE are dyspnea, tachycardia, and tachypnea at rest, cyanosis, ataxia, change in consciousness and productive cough. Coma may rapidly ensue. Death usually follows misdiagnosis and lack of prompt treatment. Therapy consists of improving oxygenation and reducing pulmonary hypertension either by giving supplemental oxygen or descending to a lower altitude. Positive airway pressure devices, morphine, and diuretics may be adjunctive therapy, primarily when oxygen and/or descent are not possible. The leak rapidly reverses with treatment, and without residual lung damage. Slow, gradual ascent is the best prevention of HAPE, but acetazolamide has been anecdotally effective for HAPE-susceptibles. The capricious nature of the disorder mandates better public education efforts so that HAPE can be correctly recognized and treated.
Airway warming in the treatment of accidental hypothermia: a review
Authors: Lloyd E.L. 
Published: January 2011

Airway warming is a method of treating accidental hypothermia which has provoked controversy. This review is intended to provide an accurate assessment of the current position. The effects of airway warming are to produce, as an adjunctive measure, a statistically significant increase in the rate of rewarming; decrease mortality from accidental hypothermia except in cases of subchronic hypothermia; and improve the cardiovascular, respiratory and cerebral status of the patient. Suitable equipment is available to enable field airway warming, even in hostile environments. No individual design is perfect for all situations. A heat and moisture exchanger is the simplest, lightest and least expensive design, though not the most thermally efficient. Airway warming should be of value for field use by rescue services. The technique still requires extensive evaluation to identify its potential and limitations.
The patient with coronary heart disease at altitude: observations during acute exposure to 3100 meters
Authors: Morgan B.J. , Alexander J.K. , Nicoli S.A. , Brammell H.L. 
Published: January 2011

Nine men with documented coronary artery disease who had exercise-induced angina and/or ST segment depression were studied by treadmill testing at 1600 m and during acute exposure to 3100 m altitude. Mean maximal oxygen uptake was reduced at altitude by 11% (range, 5–26%). Ventilation, heart rate, and systolic pressure at submaximal workloads were increased at 3100 m, but maximal values were unchanged. Oxygen saturation was reduced at rest, and during submaximal and maximal exercise (88.3 ± 14 vs 93.4 ± 0.7%). Angina and/or ST segment depression occurred at the same heart rate systolic pressure product, but at lower workloads. Systolic time intervals were unchanged at altitude. A target heart rate range of 70–85% of the ischemic end-point rate at lower altitude predicted an appropriate level of tolerable exercise at high altitude. We conclude that activity prescription for coronary patients with angina on arrival at high altitude should be based on heart rate rather than workload.
Fish surface mucin hypersensitivity
Authors: Warpinski James R. , Folgert Jeffrey , Voss Martin , Bush Robert K. 
Published: January 2011

Most reports of allergy to fish describe systemic symptoms upon ingestion of fish muscle or contact urticaria in commercial fish handlers. We report three recreational fishermen with symptoms of asthma, angioedema, rhinitis and urticaria upon exposure to surface mucin from bluegills (Lepomis machrochirus). All three had symptoms upon handling bluegills. Subsequently, two of them experienced wheezing and/or angioedema while in proximity to contaminated fishing clothing. One of them later developed symptoms upon eating bluegills. Prick skin testing was positive to crude bluegill surface mucin in all three individuals and to bluegill and cod muscle in one. Bluegill surface mucin was defatted in ether and acetone and extracted in phosphate buffered saline. Sodium dodecyl-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) showed at least 20 distinct protein bands by Coomassie Blue staining. Many of these were glycoproteins by periodic acid schiff (PAS) staining. Immunoblotting showed at least seven IgE binding protein bands with molecular weights between 10 and 100 kDa. Radioallergosorbent (RAST) assay using a bluegill surface-mucin solid phase demonstrated that serum IgE binding in the three individuals was 4–25 times that of pooled serum from nonatopic controls. IgE binding using a serum pool from the three allergic patients was inhibited by extracts of bluegill mucin and muscle and cod muscle but not by tuna, crab or peanut. Our results demonstrate that bluegill surface mucin contains specific glycoproteins which bind IgE in sensitive individuals. Hypersensitivity to these surface proteins may cause systemic allergic symptoms.
Relevant laboratory findings in patients with sickle cell disease living at high altitude
Authors: Adzaku Festus , Mohammed Samir , Annobil Samuel , Addae Stephen 
Published: January 2011

In an attempt to assess the physiological changes that occur in a patient suffering from the sickle cell disease (SCD) and living permanently at a high altitude, hematological parameters (hemoglobin concentration, RBC count, reticulocyte count, MCH, MCHC, MCV, Hb S, F and A2 levels) and biochemical parameters (serum bilirubin, erythrocyte 2,3-DPG, serum iron, TIBC and haptoglobin levels) were measured in patients with two sickle cell syndromes (homozygous Hb SS and heterozygous Hb S/β°-thalassemia) matched with Hb AA normal controls living at an altitude of 3000m. These parameters were compared with values obtained in similar groups of subjects residing at sea level. Our results confirm that normal controls permanently residing at altitude have higher hemoglobin concentrations and erythrocyte 2,3-DPG levels than do normal counterparts living at sea level. Patients with SCD living permanently at high altitude show a marked increase in 2,3-DPG levels with little or no change in hemoglobin concentration. Normal serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) levels in our patients exclude iron deficiency as a possible reason for the poor expected erythropoietic response to altitude. We suggest that the marked rise in 2,3-DPG may be an important aid to oxygen delivery to tissues of SCD patients living at high altitude.
Relationship of client attributes and guides’ techniques to client satisfaction at a climbing school
Authors: Michael Kahn E. , Yardley Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2011

Our goals were to (1) conduct a preliminary investigation of the relationships of client characteristics, guide's techniques, and client satisfaction with their guided experience, (2) offer guides practical information about steps they could take to increase client satisfaction, and (3) refine theories, hypotheses, and measurement techniques for further study. Climbing school clients were surveyed regarding their personal attributes, perceptions of guide's actions and performance, and satisfaction with the guided experience. Eighty-seven clients and eight guides were included in the sample. Clients stated that they learned better through supervised practice than through demonstration and explanation. Clients who came with clear objectives felt a greater sense of accomplishment. Key dimensions of guide activity were Technical, Planning, and Support. Key dimensions of client satisfaction were Valuing, Pleasure, Accomplishment, and Comfort. Guides and clients may tend to focus on technical factors; however, indirect measures show the importance of providing emotional support.
Amination-reduction reaction as simple protocol for potential boronic molecular receptors. Insight in supramolecular structure directed by weak interactions
Authors: Adamczyk-Woźniak Agnieszka , Madura Izabela , Pawełko Alicja , Sporzyński Andrzej , Żubrowska Anna , Żyła Jacek 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The synthesis of the potential molecular receptors in the amination-reduction reaction has been investigated within the model system comprising (2-formylphenyl)boronic acid and morpholine. The 3-amine substituted benzoxaborole was identified to be the intermediate of the synthesis and the unsubstituted benzoxaborole as the by-product resulting from reduction of the starting material. The insight into the reactivity of the starting materials as well as the intermediate benzoxaborole enabled significant rise in the yield of 2-(aminomethyl) phenylboronic acids synthesis. The solid state structure of 2-(piperidylmethyl)phenylboronic acid has been re-determined, and the description of the molecule and the crystal is given. The supramolecular layer structure directed by the weak C-H…O and C-H…π interactions was identified and scrutinized based on the geometry and Hirshfeld surface analyses
Hip and Knee Kinematics in Sagittal Plane during Stair Ascent and Descent in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Syczewska Małgorzata , Szczerbik Ewa , Kalinowska Małgorzata 
Published: January 2011

Hip and Knee Kinematics in Sagittal Plane during Stair Ascent and Descent in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults
Ascending and descending stairs is a frequent activity in every-day living. Available data usually describe the ascent and descent pattern of young healthy adults, or elderly people.
In order to assess the problems of peadiatric patients during stair ascent and descent, and to evaluate how treatment changes this pattern, a normative data base is needed. This data is lacking in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to collect the kinematic data of healthy children, adolescents and young adults during stair locomotion and to assess the changes in range of movement in hip and knee joints in the sagittal plane. Twenty-seven healthy subjects, aged 6 to 21 years old, participated in the study. The subjects were climbing stairs with dimensions comparable to steps in public building.
The data were collected using optoelectronic motion system VICON 460. Helen Hayes marker set and Plug-In-Gait model were used. The data were further processed using Polygon and Matlab softwares. The subjects were divided into 6 subgroups, according to their body stature.
Hip and knee kinematics in sagittal plane during stair ascent and descent are reported for all 6 subgroups.
The main factor determining the dynamic range of movement in the hip and knee joints during stair locomotion is the body stature / step height ratio. The present paper presents detailed data, which could be used as reference data for assessment of stair locomotion of paediatric patients.