bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antithrombotic and fibrinolytic drugs for retinal vein occlusion: A systematic review and a call for action
Authors: Manfredi Elisa , Bozzato Silvia , Dentali Francesco , Ageno Walter , Squizzato Alessandro 
Published: December 2009

SummaryOptimal management of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is still a matter of debate. Antithrombotic and fibrinolytic drugs have been investigated after demonstration of a role of thrombosis in the complex pathogenesis of the disease. Aim of our study was to systematically summarise best available evidence on the acute treatment and on the secondary prevention of RVO with antithrombotic and fibrinolytic drugs. A computer-assisted search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic databases up to January 2009 was performed. Two review authors selected all published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from the search, assessed study quality and extracted data. Based on Jadad’s score, RCTs were stratified into three quality categories. A total of six RCTs were included. Only one RCT of high quality was identified. A total of 384 patients were investigated, 234 with central retinal vein occlusion and 150 with branch retinal vein occlusion. No study enrolled more than 100 patients. Three studies compared therapeutic doses of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) with low-dose aspirin, one study compared ticlopidine with placebo and two studies compared intravenous fibrinolytic therapy followed by warfarin or aspirin with either haemodilution or no treatment. A partial improvement of visual acuity was reported in every study, independently of the study drug. No long-term secondary prevention study was published. The present systematic review suggests that antithrombotic therapy, in particular LMWH, may be part of the therapeutic armamentarium for patients with recent onset RVO. No firm recommendation can be provided given the limited available evidence.
Development and Tropical Transition of an Alpine Lee Cyclone. Part I: Case Analysis and Evaluation of Numerical Guidance
Authors: McTaggart-Cowan Ron , Galarneau Thomas J. , Bosart Lance F. , Milbrandt Jason A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The development and tropical transition (TT) of a subsynoptic-scale cyclone in the Gulf of Genoa during the Mesoscale Alpine Project (MAP) demonstration of probabilistic hydrological and atmospheric simulation of flood events in the alpine region (D-PHASE) project is investigated using analyses and model simulations. Cyclogenesis occurs in association with the passage of a synoptic-scale trough and attendant surface cold front across the Alps on 15 November 2007. An embedded coherent tropopause disturbance (CTD) plays an important role in promoting the initial development of the lower-level vortex by simultaneously providing quasigeostrophic forcing for ascent and reducing the bulk column stability over warm Mediterranean waters. Persistent convection thereafter erodes the CTD as the storm transitions into a hurricane-like vortex.
In addition to this upper-level forcing, a pair of diabatically generated lower-level cyclonic potential vorticity (PV) features associated with distinct flow regimes is potentially important to the cyclogenetic process in this case. The first, a warm surface potential temperature anomaly, is generated during cross-barrier flow by prefrontal upslope precipitation on the Alpine northside, followed by parcel descent in the lee. The second PV feature is a mountain-scale PV banner that extends southward from the southwestern tip of the Alps as the flow is deflected around the mountain chain.
Numerical guidance for this case is evaluated on its ability to accurately depict the development and evolution of the cyclone. Comparison of a triply nested integration (grid spacings of 33, 10, and 2.5 km) with observations and analyses demonstrates that the model is capable of simulating the salient features of the event. Combining reliable guidance from high-resolution modeling systems with the paradigms of lee cyclone development and the emerging concepts of TT promotes an improved understanding of these potentially high-impact events.
Development and Tropical Transition of an Alpine Lee Cyclone. Part II: Orographic Influence on the Development Pathway
Authors: McTaggart-Cowan Ron , Galarneau Thomas J. , Bosart Lance F. , Milbrandt Jason A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The development and subsequent tropical transition of a subsynoptic-scale cyclone over the Gulf of Genoa (GoG) on 15 November 2007 led to the rapid onset of tropical storm-force winds near the islands of Corsica and Sardinia. This study evaluates the influence of two key ingredients on the cyclogenesis event: a near-surface warm potential temperature perturbation in the lee of the Alps and a mountain-scale potential vorticity (PV) banner.
A high-resolution modeling system is used to perform a set of attribution tests in which modifications to the Alpine orography control the presence of the cyclogenetic ingredients. When either feature exists in the initial state, a GoG cyclone develops even when the Alpine barrier is removed; however, when neither the warm perturbation nor the PV banner is present, there is insufficient lower-level PV to couple with the upper-level trough to promote cyclogenesis. A conceptual model involving the complimentary interaction of the two PV features is presented that accurately describes the development location of the cyclone beneath a midlevel vorticity maximum.
Despite development in most of the attribution tests, the energy sources for the cyclones vary widely and represent a spectrum of cyclogenetic pathways from baroclinically to convectively dominant. Removal of the Alpine barrier allows for a stronger thermal wave and a baroclinic mode of development, rather than the diabatically generated hurricane-like vortex seen in the control and available observations. Similarly, insufficient flow interaction with the low-resolution representation of the Alps in the global-driving model is shown to favor a baroclinic mode of cyclogenesis in that integration. Adequate resolution of both the Alpine terrain and the incipient cyclone itself are shown to be important to correctly predict the evolution of the system from both structural and energetic perspectives.
Nyerereite and nahcolite inclusions in diamond: evidence for lower-mantle carbonatitic magmas
Authors: Kaminsky F. , Wirth R. , Matsyuk S. , Schreiber A. , Thomas R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNyerereite and nahcolite have been identified as micro- and nano-inclusions in diamond from the Juina area, Brazil. Alongside them are Sr- and Ba-bearing calcite minerals from the periclase-wiistite series, wollastonite II (high), Ca-rich garnet, spinels, olivine, phlogopite and apatite. Minerals of the periclase- wustite series belong to two separate groups: wustite and Mg-wustite with Mg# = 1.9—15.3, and Fe- periclase and periclase with Mg# = 84.9—92.1. Wollastonite-II (high, with Ca:Si = 0.992) has a triclinic structure. Two types of spinel were distinguished among mineral inclusions in diamond: zoned magnesioferrite (with Mg# varying from 13.5—90.8, core to rim) and Fe spinel (magnetite). Olivine (Mg# = 93.6), intergrown with nyerereite, forms an elongate, lath-shaped crystal and most likely represents a retrograde transformation of ringwoodite or wadsleyite. All inclusions are composed of poly-mineralic solid mineral phases. Together with previously found halides, sulphates and other mineral inclusions in diamond from Juina, they form a carbonatitic-type mineral paragenesis in diamond which may have originated in the lower mantle and/or transition zone. Wustite inclusions with Mg# = 1.9—3.4, according to experimental data, may have formed in the lowermost mantle. The source for the observed carbonatitic-type mineral association in diamond is lower-mantle natrocarbonatitic magma. This magma may represent a juvenile mantle melt, or be the result of low-degree partial melting of deeply-subducted carbonated oceanic crust. This magma was rich in volatiles, such as Cl, F and H, which played an important role in the formation of diamond.
Effect of Carbonate Ions on the Photooxidation of Water over Porous BiVO4 Film Photoelectrode under Visible Light
Authors: Sayama Kazuhiro , Wang Nini , Miseki Yugo , Kusama Hitoshi , Onozawa-Komatsuzaki Nobuko , Sugihara Hideki 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Carbonate ions in the aqueous electrolyte solution improved both the photocurrent and the stability of a porous BiVO4 semiconductor electrode used for water splitting under visible light up to 520 nm. The photocurrents in AHCO3 (A = Na and K) solutions at 1.23 V were approximately six times higher than that in Na2SO4 aqueous solution. The maximum incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) was 45% at 420 nm without any surface modifications.
Synthesis and Catalysis of B12–Core–Shell Hyperbranched Polymer
Authors: Shimakoshi Hisashi , Nishi Masashi , Tanaka Akihiro , Chikama Katsumi , Hisaeda Yoshio 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
A vitamin B12 derivative was immobilized on a core–shell hyperbranched polymer, and the hybrid polymer was characterized by GPC, UV–vis, IR as well as TEM analyses. The hybrid polymer exhibits catalysis for the dehalogenation of phenethyl bromide to form ethylbenzene and 2,3-diphenylbutane by irradiation with UV light at room temperature.
Simple, Low-cost Preparation of High Surface Area Co3O4–CeO2 Catalysts for Total Decomposition of Toluene
Authors: Somekawa Shouichi , Yuliati Leny , Ishikawa Asako , Takanabe Kazuhiro , Domen Kazunari 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
High surface area Co3O4–CeO2 catalysts were prepared by the simple calcination of carbonate–precursor mixtures at 300 °C. The Co3O4–CeO2 catalyst with a Co/Ce molar ratio of 1 showed high activity for toluene decomposition, comparable to that of Pt(0.08 wt %)/zeolite catalyst. The total decomposition of toluene was achieved at degradation temperatures as low as 200 °C. The Co3O4–CeO2 catalyst was highly stable, even after two weeks of reaction.
Design and Characterization of a Polarized Coordination Polymer of a Zinc(II) Biphenyldicarboxylate Bearing a Sulfone Group
Authors: Kanaizuka Katsuhiko , Iwakiri Shoji , Yamada Teppei , Kitagawa Hiroshi 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
A novel coordination polymer of zinc(II) biphenyldicarboxylate bearing a sulfone group, [Zn(sbdc)(H2O)3]·(H2sbdc)·H2O (H2sbdc: sulfone biphenyldicarboxylic acid), has been synthesized. It is composed of a one-dimensional chain structure of alternating Zn(II) cations and sbdc anions. This coordination polymer possesses noncoordinating uncharged acid H2sbdc existing between the chains with hydrogen-bonding networks. The proton conductivity of [Zn(sbdc)(H2O)3]·(H2sbdc)·H2O strongly depended on the relative humidity (RH), being 2.5 × 10−7 S cm−1 at 95% RH. The activation energy for proton conductivity was estimated to be 0.32 eV at 95% RH.
Effect of Trehalose on Thermal Stability of Bovine Serum Albumin
Authors: Lavecchia Roberto , Zuorro Antonio 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Trehalose at 10–30% (w/w) greatly stabilized bovine serum albumin (BSA) against thermal denaturation. The highest stabilization was reached in 30% trehalose at 65 °C, when the protein’s half life was increased from 72 to 335 min. A kinetic analysis based on the Lumry–Eyring mechanism of inactivation showed that BSA denaturation can be described by a first-order rate expression with an apparent activation energy ranging from 238.1 to 246.4 kJ mol−1.
Determination of serum holotranscobalamin concentrations with the AxSYM active B12 assay: cut-off point evaluation in the clinical laboratory
Authors: Bamonti Fabrizia , Moscato Giovanna Antonella , Novembrino Cristina , Gregori Dario , Novi Claudia , De Giuseppe Rachele , Galli Claudio , Uva Valentina , Lonati Silvia , Maiavacca Rita 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background: A reliable early marker is required for diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency. We calculated an appropriate holotranscobalamin (HoloTC) cut-off point for identifying cobalamin deficiency using an immunoenzymatic assay.

Methods: Determination of the cut-off threshold and correlation between HoloTC and the other diagnostic parameters routinely used for vitamin B12 deficiency [total vitamin B12 (tB12), folate, homocysteine] were measured in 250 routine blood specimens from 107 men (mean age 59.0±18.8 years) and 143 women (mean age 54.2±23.1 years). The inclusion criterion was serum tB12 concentration ≤221 pmol/L.

Results: Analytical performance results agreed with those reported by others. A weak correlation (R=0.42) was found between HoloTC and tB12. A 40 pmol/L cut-off threshold was chosen for HoloTC and the associated sensitivity and specificity was 0.86 and 0.66, respectively. Out of 250 tested samples, 126 showed tB12 concentrations 139–221 pmol/L (gray zone, GZ) and 124 had tB12 concentrations <139 pmol/L (low, L). Values less than the cut-off for HoloTC were present in 68.2% and 37.9% of cases in the GZ and L group, respectively (p<0.01), and in 53.2% of subjects.

Conclusions: Our results confirmed the analytical reliability of the AxSYM HoloTC assay. The method is adequate for routine use and a cut-off threshold of 40 pmol/L is appropriate for assessing cobalamin deficiency in populations with reduced tB12 values.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:249–53.
Gingival Transcriptome Patterns During Induction and Resolution of Experimental Gingivitis in Humans
Authors: Offenbacher Steven , Barros Silvana P. , Paquette David W. , Winston J. Leslie , Biesbrock Aaron R. , Thomason Ryan G. , Gibb Roger D. , Fulmer Andy W. , Tiesman Jay P. , Juhlin Kenton D. , Wang Shuo L. , Reichling Tim D. , Chen Ker‐Sang , Ho Begonia 
Published: December 2009

Background: To our knowledge, changes in the patterns of whole‐transcriptome gene expression that occur during the induction and resolution of experimental gingivitis in humans were not previously explored using bioinformatic tools.Methods: Gingival biopsy samples collected from 14 subjects during a 28‐day stent‐induced experimental gingivitis model, followed by treatment, and resolution at days 28 through 35 were analyzed using gene‐expression arrays. Biopsy samples were collected at different sites within each subject at baseline (day 0), at the peak of gingivitis (day 28), and at resolution (day 35) and processed using whole‐transcriptome gene‐expression arrays. Gene‐expression data were analyzed to identify biologic themes and pathways associated with changes in gene‐expression profiles that occur during the induction and resolution of experimental gingivitis using bioinformatic tools.Results: During disease induction and resolution, the dominant expression pathway was the immune response, with 131 immune response genes significantly up‐ or downregulated during induction, during resolution, or during both at P <0.05. During induction, there was significant transient increase in the expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators, including interleukin (IL)‐1 alpha (IL1A), IL‐1 beta (IL1B), IL8, RANTES, colony stimulating factor 3 (CSF3), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and a decreased expression of IP10, interferon inducible T‐cell alpha chemoattractant (ITAC), matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP10), and beta 4 defensin (DEFB4). These genes reversed expression patterns upon resolution in parallel with the reversal of gingival inflammation.Conclusions: A relatively small subset (11.9%) of the immune response genes analyzed by array was transiently activated in response to biofilm overgrowth, suggesting a degree of specificity in the transcriptome‐expression response. The fact that this same subset demonstrates a reversal in expression patterns during clinical resolution implicates these genes as being critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis at the biofilm–gingival interface. In addition to the immune response pathway as the dominant response theme, new candidate genes and pathways were identified as being selectively modulated in experimental gingivitis, including neural processes, epithelial defenses, angiogenesis, and wound healing.
The Anti‐Inflammatory Role of Heme Oxygenase‐1 in Lipopolysaccharide and Cytokine‐Stimulated Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitric Oxide Production in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells
Authors: Kim Young‐Suk , Pi Sung‐Hee , Lee Young‐Man , Lee Sang‐Im , Kim Eun‐Cheol 
Published: December 2009

Background: Although heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) is involved in anti‐inflammation, the mechanisms of its activity in regulating periodontal inflammation are largely unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the anti‐inflammatory properties of HO‐1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐ and proinflammatory cytokine‐stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells.Methods: PDL cells were treated with LPS plus a combination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐1β in serum‐free media for 1 day. The production of NO was evaluated using a Griess reagent kit. The expression of iNOS and HO‐1 proteins and mRNAs was evaluated using Western blotting and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, respectively.Results: Proinflammatory cytokines and LPS triggered iNOS and HO‐1 expression and NO production in PDL cells. HO‐1 inhibitor and HO‐1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated the LPS‐ and cytokine‐stimulated NO release and iNOS and HO‐1 expression. Specific inhibitors of p38, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen‐activated protein kinases phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB), and protein kinase C delta (PKC‐δ) greatly reduced the levels of iNOS and HO‐1 expression induced by LPS plus cytokines.Conclusions: Collectively, these data suggested that HO‐1 inhibition blocked LPS‐ and proinflammatory cytokine‐stimulated iNOS expression and NO production in PDL cells via a mechanism that involves p38, ERK, PI3K, NF‐κB, and PKC‐δ. Thus, the regulation of HO‐1 activity may be a therapeutic strategy for periodontal disease.
Bacterial Colonization of the Dental Implant Fixture–Abutment Interface: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Tesmer Michael , Wallet Shannon , Koutouzis Theofilos , Lundgren Tord 
Published: December 2009

Background: The geometry of the fixture–abutment interface (FAI) might influence the risk of bacterial invasion of the internal part of the implant. The aim of this study was to use an in vitro model to assess the potential risk for invasion of oral microorganisms into the FAI microgap of dental implants with different characteristics of the connection between the fixture and abutment.Methods: Thirty implants were divided into three groups (n = 10 per group) based on their microgap dynamics. Groups 1 and 2 were comprised of fixtures with internal Morse‐taper connections that connected to standard abutments and the same abutments with a 0.5‐mm groove modification, respectively. Group 3 was comprised of implants with a tri‐channel internal connection. Fixtures and abutments were assembled and allowed to incubate in a bacterial solution of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Two standard abutments were either exposed to bacterial culture or left sterile to serve as positive and negative controls. After disconnection of fixtures and abutments, microbial samples were taken from the threaded portion of the abutment, plated, and allowed to culture under appropriate conditions.Results: Three of the 10 samples in group 1 developed one colony forming unit (CFU) for A. actinomycetemcomitans, whereas zero of 10 samples developed CFUs for P. gingivalis. Ten of 10 and nine of 10 samples from groups 2 and 3, respectively, developed multiple CFUs for A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis.Conclusion: This study indicated that differences in implant designs may affect the potential risk for invasion of oral microorganisms into the FAI microgap.
Treatment of Periodontal Endosseous Defects With Platelet‐Rich Plasma Alone or in Combination With Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft: A Comparative Clinical Trial
Authors: Markou Nikolaos , Pepelassi Eudoxie , Vavouraki Helen , Stamatakis Harry C. , Nikolopoulos Georgios , Vrotsos Ioannis , Tsiklakis Kostas 
Published: December 2009

Background: Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) alone or combined with other regenerative materials was previously studied in human periodontal endosseous defects. There are no sufficient data evaluating to what extent the addition of demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft (DFDBA) to PRP may enhance the effectiveness of PRP. The aim of this randomized, double‐masked, controlled clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of autologous PRP alone to PRP + DFDBA in periodontal endosseous defects.Methods: Twenty‐four proximal endosseous defects in 24 patients with severe chronic periodontitis were randomly treated with PRP alone or in combination with DFDBA. The final evaluation at 6 months was based on clinical and radiographic parameters. Subtraction radiography was used. The primary outcome variable was clinical attachment level (CAL).Results: The two treatment groups were initially comparable (mean CAL: 8.67 ± 2.19 mm for PRP + DFDBA and 8.25 ± 1.96 mm for PRP). Both treatments achieved statistically significant and similar CAL gain (3.08 ± 1.17 mm for PRP + DFDBA and 3.08 ± 0.95 mm for PRP), probing depth, defect depth, and area surface reduction. The percentage of defect fill did not significantly differ between the two treatments. There was a non‐significant trend to greater defect fill (45.42% versus 41.29%), defect depth (54.05% versus 49.52%), and area surface (58.43% versus 52.16%) reduction with the graft. In both groups, 66.66% of the defects gained ≥3 mm of CAL.Conclusion: Within its limits, this study demonstrates that both PRP and PRP combined with DFDBA resulted in significant clinical and radiographic improvement in human periodontal endosseous defects at 6 months, and the addition of DFDBA to PRP did not significantly enhance the treatment outcome.
Periodontal Status, Sociodemographic, and Behavioral Indicators in Subjects Attending a Public Dental School in Brazil: Analysis of Clinical Attachment Loss
Authors: Silva‐Boghossian Carina M. , Luiz Ronir R. , Colombo Ana Paula V. 
Published: December 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence, extent, and severity of clinical attachment loss (AL) and their association with sociodemographic and behavioral parameters of subjects attending a public dental school in Brazil.Methods: A total of 491 consenting participants (21 to 70 years of age) submitted to a full‐mouth periodontal clinical examination, assessment of missing teeth, and anamnesis questionnaires. The data were analyzed by multivariable models using logistic regression analyses. The dependent variables were moderate (≥5 mm) and severe (≥7 mm) clinical AL.Results: The prevalence of individuals with at least one site with clinical AL ≥5 or ≥7 mm was 72.1% and 60.9%, respectively. The mean clinical AL ranged from 2.9 to 3.9 mm, according to age. The mean frequency of sites with moderate (5 to 6 mm) and severe (≥7 mm) clinical AL was 15.8% and 9.1%, respectively. Multivariate analyses identified smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 8.93), bleeding on probing (BOP) in >10% of sites (OR = 6.82 to 22.53), and ≥4 missing teeth (OR = 2.52) as risk indicators for clinical AL ≥5 mm in ≥10% of sites, whereas an age of 36 to 50 years (OR = 1.72), smoking (OR = 7.66), and BOP in >10% of sites (OR = 6.84 to 24.89) were considered risk indicators for clinical AL ≥7 mm in at least one site.Conclusions: This particular Brazilian population presented a high prevalence and extent of severe periodontal disease. Age, smoking, and BOP were risk indicators associated with moderate and severe AL in this population.