bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High-Sensitivity, Medium-Density, and Target Amplification–Free Planar Waveguide Microarray System for Gene Expression Analysis of Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Tissue
Authors: Schwers Stephan , Reifenberger Elke , Gehrmann Mathias , Izmailov Alexandre , Bohmann Kerstin 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Background: Many microarray platforms and their associated assay chemistries do not work properly with RNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples, a feature that severely hampers the use of microarrays in oncology applications, for which FFPE tissue is the routine specimen. Furthermore, the limited sensitivity of most microarray platforms requires time-consuming and costly amplification reactions of the target RNA, which negatively affects clinical laboratory work flow.
Methods: We developed an approach for sensitively and reliably measuring mRNA abundances in FFPE tissue samples. This approach involves automated RNA extractions, direct hybridization of extracted RNA to immobilized capture probes, antibody-mediated labeling, and readout with an instrument applying the principle of planar waveguides (PWG). A 14-gene multiplex assay conducted with RNA isolated from 20 FFPE blocks was correlated to an analysis of the same with reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR).
Results: The assay sensitivity for gene expression analysis obtained for the PWG microarray platform was &lt;10 fmol/L, eliminating the need for target preamplification. We observed a correlation coefficient of 0.87 to state-of-the-art RT-qPCR technology with RNA isolated from FFPE tissue, despite a compressed dynamic range for the PWG system (a 2.9-log dynamic range for PWG in our test system vs 5.0 logs for RT-qPCR). The precision of the PWG platform was comparable to RT-qPCR (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.9851 for PWG vs 0.9896 for RT-qPCR) for technical replicates.
Conclusions: The presented PWG platform demonstrated excellent sensitivity and precision and is especially well suited for any application for which fast, simple, and robust multiplex assays of RNA in FFPE tissue are required.
Verification of the ASTM G-124 Purge Equation
Authors: Robbins Katherine E. , Davis Samuel Eddie , Herald Stephen D. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
ASTM G-124 seeks to evaluate combustion characteristics of metals in high-purity (&gt;99 %) oxygen atmospheres. ASTM G-124 provides the following equation to determine the minimum number of purges required to reach this level of purity in a test chamber: n = −4/log10(Pa/Ph), where n is the total number of purge cycles required, Ph is the absolute pressure used for the purge on each cycle, and Pa is the atmospheric pressure or the vent pressure. The origin of this equation is not known and has been the source of frequent questions as to its accuracy and reliability. This paper provides the derivation of the G-124 purge equation, and experimentally explores the equation to determine if it accurately predicts the number of cycles required.
Retail Return Policy, Endowment Effect, and Consumption Propensity: An Experimental Study
Authors: Wang Xianghong 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The impact of retail return policy on consumer behavior has not drawn enough attention from researchers. Lenient return policies insure consumers against having regret after purchasing, so they may increase consumers' likelihood of purchasing. The behavioral theory of endowment effect suggests that consumers may then have a harder time returning purchased goods because people value objects more highly once they own them. We conducted a test of our hypotheses on how return policy and endowment effect influence purchasing tendency and return rate. This experiment proved that endowment effect did affect the returning behavior of consumers. It showed that lenient return policies significantly increased initial purchasing tendency but did not increase return rate. This suggests a potential to increase consumption by adopting lenient return policies.
A Conceptual Model of Optimal International Service-Learning and Its Application to Global Health Initiatives in Rehabilitation
Authors: Pechak Celia M. , Thompson Mary 
Published: September 2009

Background
There is growing involvement by US clinicians, faculty members, and students in global health initiatives, including international service-learning (ISL). Limited research has been done to examine the profession's increasing global engagement, or the ISL phenomenon in particular, and no research has been done to determine best practices. This study was intended as an early step in the examination of the physical therapy profession's role and activities in the global health arena within and beyond academics.

Objectives
The purposes of this study were: (1) to identify and analyze the common structures and processes among established ISL programs within physical therapist education programs and (2) to develop a conceptual model of optimal ISL within physical therapist education programs.

Design
A descriptive, exploratory study was completed using grounded theory.

Methods
Telephone interviews were completed with 14 faculty members who had been involved in international service, international learning, or ISL in physical therapist education programs. Interviews were transcribed, and transcriptions were analyzed using the grounded theory method.

Results
Four major themes emerged from the data: structure, reciprocity, relationship, and sustainability. A conceptual model of and a proposed definition for optimal ISL in physical therapist education were developed. Seven essential components of the conceptual model are: a partner that understands the role of physical therapy, community-identified needs, explicit service and learning objectives, reflection, preparation, risk management, and service and learning outcome measures. Essential consequences are positive effects on students and community.

Conclusions
The conceptual model and definition of optimal ISL can be used to direct development of new ISL programs and to improve existing programs. In addition, they can offer substantive guidance to any physical therapist involved in global health initiatives.
The Patient Goal Priority Questionnaire Is Moderately Reproducible in People With Persistent Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Åsenlöf Pernilla , Siljebäck Kim 
Published: September 2009

BackgroundThe Patient Goal Priority Questionnaire (PGPQ) is a patient-specific measure for identification of behavioral goals and evaluation of clinically significant changes. The use of such a measure in clinical settings and research requires that identified goals be consistent over time. Self-reports of behaviors related to the goals should be reliably estimated.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to estimate chance-corrected agreement and test-retest reliability of the PGPQ. Chance-corrected agreement between the PGPQ and a similar therapist-guided goal identification tool, the Patient Goal Priority List (PGPL), also was estimated.DesignA correlative and prospective design with 3 measurement points (M1, M2, and M3) was used in the study.MethodsFifty-four people who consulted physical therapists in primary care for persistent musculoskeletal pain were included in the study. Analyses of chance-corrected agreement and test-retest reliability of the PGPQ were done at M1 and M2. Chance-corrected agreement between procedures (PGPQ and PGPL) also was analyzed at M1 and M3.ResultsThe percentage of agreement on content of the priority lists of the PGPQ at M1 and M2 was 52%. Cohen kappa values for agreement of rankings ranged between .47 and .64. Test-retest reliability coefficients for the self-report scales of the PGPQ ranged from .35 to .81. Chance-corrected agreement decreased when physical therapists were involved in the goal identification process using the PGPL (kappa=.08–.46).LimitationsVarying item content and a small, heterogeneous sample possibly increased variation and the standard error of measurements. The feasibility of using traditional approaches to psychometric evaluation of patient-specific measures is questionable.ConclusionsChance-corrected agreement and test-retest reliability of the PGPQ were moderate. Involving a physical therapist in the goal identification procedure possibly introduced further bias. The size of the measurement error must be taken into account when using the PGPQ for estimations of clinically important changes.
Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Kondziolka Douglas , Zorro Oscar , Lobato-Polo Javier , Kano Hideyuki , Flannery Thomas J. , Flickinger John C. , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: September 2009

Object
Trigeminal neuralgia pain causes severe disability. Stereotactic radiosurgery is the least invasive surgical option for patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Since different medical and surgical options have different rates of pain relief and morbidity, it is important to evaluate longer-term outcomes.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed outcomes in 503 medically refractory patients with trigeminal neuralgia who underwent Gamma Knife surgery (GKS). The median patient age was 72 years (range 26–95 years). Prior surgery had failed in 205 patients (43%). The GKS typically was performed using MR imaging guidance, a single 4-mm isocenter, and a maximum dose of 80 Gy.

Results
Patients were evaluated for up to 16 years after GKS; 107 patients had > 5 years of follow-up. Eighty-nine percent of patients achieved initial pain relief that was adequate or better, with or without medications (Barrow Neurological Institute [BNI] Scores I–IIIb). Significant pain relief (BNI Scores I–IIIa) was achieved in 73% at 1 year, 65% at 2 years, and 41% at 5 years. Including Score IIIb (pain adequately controlled with medication), a BNI score of I–IIIb was found in 80% at 1 year, 71% at 3 years, 46% at 5 years, and 30% at 10 years. A faster initial pain response including adequate and some pain relief was seen in patients with trigeminal neuralgia without additional symptoms, patients without prior surgery, and patients with a pain duration of ≤ 3 years. One hundred ninety-three (43%) of 450 patients who achieved initial pain relief reported some recurrent pain 3–144 months after initial relief (median 50 months). Factors associated with earlier pain recurrence that failed to maintain adequate or some pain relief were trigeminal neuralgia with additional symptoms and ≥ 3 prior failed surgical procedures. Fifty-three patients (10.5%) developed new or increased subjective facial paresthesias or numbness and 1 developed deafferentation pain; these symptoms resolved in 17 patients. Those who developed sensory loss had better long-term pain control (78% at 5 years).

Conclusions
Gamma Knife surgery proved to be safe and effective in the treatment of medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia and is of value for initial or recurrent pain management. Despite the goal of minimizing sensory loss with this procedure, some sensory loss may improve long-term outcomes. Pain relapse is amenable to additional GKS or another procedure.
Biopsy versus resection in the management of malignant gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tsitlakidis Abraham , Foroglou Nicolas , Venetis Christos A. , Patsalas Ioannis , Hatzisotiriou Athanasios , Selviaridis Panagiotis 
Published: September 2009

Object
The aim of this study was to answer the question whether quality of life and progression-free and overall survival are increased in adults with supratentorial malignant glioma who are treated with cytoreductive resection as compared with those who only undergo biopsy.

Methods
A literature search of the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL was performed to identify relevant studies published before May 2008. Hand-searching of reference lists of the identified studies and relevant review articles was also performed. A study was considered eligible, regardless of study design (prospective or retrospective), if: 1) quality of life and/or progression-free and/or overall survival was compared among adult patients undergoing biopsy or resection, and 2) patient age and Karnofsky Performance Scale scores were not significantly different among the 2 groups compared.

Results
One randomized controlled trial and 4 retrospective studies (involving a total of 1111 patients) were found eligible for this systematic review. A meta-analysis of the eligible studies demonstrated a significant increase in overall survival in the patients treated with resection instead of biopsy (hazard ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.52–0.71, p < 0.0001, fixed-effect model). Although statistical pooling was not feasible, the available data suggest that quality of life was increased in patients treated with resection rather than biopsy, while there did not seem to be any significant difference in progression-free survival between the 2 groups.

Conclusions
Based on the best available evidence, it appears that cytoreductive resection in adults with supratentorial malignant glioma is associated with improved overall survival as compared with biopsy. However, well-designed prospective studies are needed for more solid conclusions to be drawn.
Comparison of diffusion tensor imaging tractography of language tracts and intraoperative subcortical stimulations
Authors: Leclercq Delphine , Duffau Hugues , Delmaire Christine , Capelle Laurent , Gatignol Peggy , Ducros Mathieu , Chiras Jacques , Lehéricy Stéphane 
Published: September 2009

Object
Diffusion tensor (DT) imaging tractography is increasingly used to map fiber tracts in patients with surgical brain lesions to reduce the risk of postoperative functional deficit. There are few validation studies of DT imaging tractography in these patients. The aim of this study was to compare DT imaging tractography of language fiber tracts by using intraoperative subcortical electrical stimulations.

Methods
The authors included 10 patients with low-grade gliomas or dysplasia located in language areas. The MR imaging examination included 3D T1-weighted images for anatomical coregistration, FLAIR, and DT images. Diffusion tensors and fiber tracts were calculated using in-house software. Four tracts were reconstructed in each patient including the arcuate fasciculus, the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, and 2 premotor fasciculi (the subcallosal medialis fiber tract and cortical fibers originating from the medial and lateral premotor areas). The authors compared fiber tracts reconstructed using DT imaging with those evidenced using intraoperative subcortical language mapping.

Results
Seventeen (81%) of 21 positive stimulations were concordant with DT imaging fiber bundles (located within 6 mm of a fiber tract). Four positive stimulations were not located in the vicinity of a DT imaging fiber tract. Stimulations of the arcuate fasciculus mostly induced articulatory and phonemic/syntactic disorders and less frequently semantic paraphasias. Stimulations of the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus induced semantic paraphasias. Stimulations of the premotor-related fasciculi induced dysarthria and articulatory planning deficit.

Conclusions
There was a good correspondence between positive stimulation sites and fiber tracts, suggesting that DT imaging fiber tracking is a reliable technique but not yet optimal to map language tracts in patients with brain lesions. Negative tractography does not rule out the persistence of a fiber tract, especially when invaded by the tumor. Stimulations of the different tracts induced variable language disorders that were specific to each fiber tract.
Relationship of aggressive monitoring and treatment to improved outcomes in severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Stein Sherman C. , Georgoff Patrick , Meghan Sudha , Mirza Kasim L. , El Falaky Omar M. 
Published: September 2009

Object
Despite being common practice for decades and being recommended by national guidelines, aggressive monitoring and treatment of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) have not been supported by convincing evidence.

Methods
The authors reviewed trials and case series reported after 1970 in which patients were treated for severe closed TBI, and mortality rates and favorable outcomes at 6 months after injury were analyzed. The patient groups were divided into those with and without intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and intensive therapy, and the authors performed a meta-analysis to assess the effects of treatment intensity on outcome.

Results
Although the mortality rate fell during the years reviewed, it was consistently ~ 12% lower among patients in the intense treatment group (p < 0.001). Favorable outcomes did not change significantly over time, and were 6% higher among the aggressively treated patients (p = 0.0105).

Conclusions
Aggressive ICP monitoring and treatment of patients with severe TBI is associated with a statistically significant improvement in outcome. This improvement occurs independently of temporal effects.
Molekulare und supramolekulare Netzwerke auf Oberflächen: vom zweidimensionalen Kristall‐Engineering bis zur Reaktivität
Authors: Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , Lei Shengbin , De Feyter Steven 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSeit der Erfindung des Rastertunnelmikroskops können Moleküle auf atomar flachen, leitenden Substraten im Echtraum sichtbar gemacht werden. Eine Folge war die rasante Entwicklung der supramolekularen Chemie auf Oberflächen. In diesem Aufsatz beschreiben wir aktuelle Entwicklungen beim Entwurf und der Funktionalität supramolekularer Oberflächenmuster und setzen dabei die Schwerpunkte auf chirale und hochporöse Netzwerke sowie auf die Reaktivität, eine der wichtigsten neuen Entwicklungen der supramolekularen Oberflächenchemie.
The phytoecdysteroid profiles of 7 species of Silene (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Zibareva Larisa , Yeriomina Valentina I. , Munkhjargal Nyamjav , Girault Jean‐Pierre , Dinan Laurence , Lafont Rene 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe phytoecdysteroid profiles of extracts of aerial parts of flowering plants of 7 ecdysteroid‐containing species in the genus Silene (Caryophyllaceae; S. fridvaldszkyana Hampe, S. gigantea L., S. graminifolia Otth, S. mellifera Boiss. & Reuter, S. repens Patr., S. schmuckeri Wettst., and S. sendtneri Boiss.) have been examined and identified by HPLC and, in the case of two new compounds, by mass spectrometry and NMR. S. frivaldszkyana was found to contain predominantly 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E), with smaller amounts of 2‐deoxyecdysone (2dE), 2‐deoxy‐20‐hydroxyecdysone (2d20E), polypodine B (polB), integristerone A (IntA), 26‐hydroxypolypodine B (26polB), and 20,26‐dihydroxyecdysone (20,26E). Additionally, a new minor ecdysteroid, 26‐hydroxyintegristerone A, has been identified from this species. S. gigantea contains 3 major ecdysteroids (2dE, 2d20E, and 20E) and much smaller amounts of intA and 2‐deoxy‐20‐hydroxyecdysone 25‐β‐D‐glucoside, which is a new ecdysteroid. Ecdysteroids in the other 5 species have been identified by co‐chromatography with reference compounds on RP‐ and NP‐HPLC systems. There is considerable variability with regard to ecdysteroid profiles within the genus Silene. The chemotaxonomic value of ecdysteroid profiles within the genus Silene is discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct Oxidation of β‐Aryl Substituted Aldehydes to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes Promoted by ano‐Anisidine–Pd(OAc)2Co‐catalyst
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhu Jin , Jiang Hualiang , Wang Wei , Li Jian 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAno‐anisidine‐Pd(OAc)2catalytic system for the direct co‐catalytic Saegusa oxidation of β‐aryl substituted aldehydes to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes has been developed. The use ofo‐anisidine in place of (S)‐diphenylprolinol made the process more simply and cost‐effective. The process not only features the use of unmodified aldehydes rather than enol silyl ethers, but also gives moderate to good yields (44–72 %).
Specification of cell fate in the mammalian cochlea
Authors: Driver Elizabeth C. , Kelley Matthew W. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMammalian auditory sensation is mediated by the organ of Corti, a specialized sensory epithelium found in the cochlea of the inner ear. Proper auditory function requires that the many different cell types found in the sensory epithelium be precisely ordered within an exquisitely patterned cellular mosaic. The development of this mosaic depends on a series of cell fate decisions that transform the initially nearly uniform cochlear epithelium into the complex structure of the mature organ of Corti. The prosensory domain, which contains the progenitors of both the mechanosensory hair cells and their associated supporting cells, first becomes distinct from both the neural and the nonsensory domains. Further cell fate decisions subdivide prosensory cells into populations of inner and outer hair cells, and several different types of supporting cells. A number of different signaling pathways and transcription factors are known to be necessary for these developmental processes; in this review, we will summarize these results with an emphasis on recent findings. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 87:212–221, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidermal patterning and induction of different hair types during mouse embryonic development
Authors: Duverger Olivier , Morasso Maria I. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAn intriguing question in developmental biology is how epidermal pattern formation processes are established and what are the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. The establishment of the pattern is concomitant with the formation of ectodermal appendages, which involves complex interactions between the epithelium and the underlying mesenchyme. Among ectodermal appendages, hair follicles are the “mini organs” that produce hair shafts. Several developmental and structural features are common to all hair follicles and to the hair shaft they produce. However, many different hair types are produced in a single organism. Also, different characteristics can be observed depending on the part of the body where the hair follicle is formed. Here, we review the mechanisms involved in the patterning of different hair types during mouse embryonic development as well as the influence of the body axes on hair patterning. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 87:263–272, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Saving hearts through basic research
Authors: Sirbu Ioan Ovidiu , Pandur Petra 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDespite the recent advances in molecular medicine and health care, cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In 2006, nearly every other death in Germany resulted from disease of the circulatory system, and congenital heart diseases are thought to account for a high number of stillbirths and spontaneous abortions. Remarkable progress in basic research over the past decades has improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern a cardiac fate and has helped to establish cell‐based therapeutic approaches to improve the course of cardiovascular diseases. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 87:273–283, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.