bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Growth Performance of Khari Goats Fed with Different Level of Rice Bran and Urea Treated Rice Straw (UTRS) in Fodder Based Diets
Authors: Tiwari MR , Shrestha BK , Panday LN , Mandal P 
Published: July 2012

For correcting, the nutritional imbalance of rice straw feed diet by supplementing energy and protein rich concentrate (rice bran) an experiment was carried out in growing male goats at Agriculture Research Station (Goat), Bandipur, Tanahun from November 2009 to Januwary 2010. Twelve goats of 6-7 months of age and similar body weight were divided into four treatment groups having three animals in each group by using complete randomized design. Four types of diet were formulated for these experimental animals. The animals of control group (treatment 1) were provided UTRS, Raikhanayo and concentrate mixture at the rate of 65, 25 and 10% of dry matter requirement, respectively. Dry matter requirement of treatment 2 was fulfilled by providing urea treated rice straw (UTRS), Raikhanayo and rice bran @ 65, 25 and 10%, respectively. Treatment 3 received dry matter requirement by UTRS, Raikhanayo and rice bran @ 55, 25 and 20%, respectively whereas treatment 4 got @ 45, 25 and 30 percent UTRS, Raikhanayo and rice bran, respectively. The study revealed that there was no significant effect in fodder and UTRS intake between diet groups except rice bran (P<0.001). Likewise, there was highly significant (P<0.001) effect in total dry matter intake between diet groups. The highest body weight gain was observed in treatment 4 (17.5 ± 1.8 kg) followed by treatment 3 and 2 (15.66 ± 1.15 kg and 15.5 ± 3.27 kg, respectively). The lowest body weight gain was noted for treatment 1 (14.5 ± 1.80 kg); however, it was also found non-significant between diet groups. Average daily gain was recorded highest in treatment 4 (50 g /day) followed by treatment 2 (31.44 g /day) whereas average daily gain for treatment 1 and 2 were recorded similar (27.77 g /day).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6480 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 55-60
In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Fritillaria delavayi
Authors: Maharjan Bijaya L , Devkota Hari K , Baral Bikash 
Published: July 2012

Fritillaria delavayi Franch is one of the medicinal plants used in traditional medical system for ailment of various diseases. But scientific study of the plant has been less carried out for which the study was conducted for validation of prevailing medical practice. The soxhlet extraction of the bulbs of plant were conducted in various solvents (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) differing in polarity. Maximum yield (6.79%) was obtained in aqueous fraction and lowest (0.14%) in ethyl acetate fraction. The phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of volatile oil, glycosides, sterol and triterpenes, polyoses, saponins, reducing compounds, quinones, flavonic glycosides and coumarins. In antimicrobial assay conducted by agar well diffusion method, chloroform fraction was found to be more effective towards bacterial and fungal pathogens tested, followed by ethyl acetate and methanol fraction. The hexane and aqueous fractions were found to be least effective against all the tested pathogens. Among the bacterial pathogens, maximum inhibition zone was depicted against Klebsiella pneumoniae (22 mm) by chloroform extracts while among the fungal pathogens, greatest inhibition activity was observed against Fusarium moniliforme (19 mm). The antimicrobial activity of extracts suggested potential use of the plant in treatment of various diseases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6484 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 85-90
Antifungal Activity of Actinomycetes from Vermicompost and Their Morphological and Biochemical Characterization
Authors: Baniya Rishi , Vaidya Gita S 
Published: July 2012

Thirty eight actinomycetes were isolated from saw dust and husk containing vermicompost samples. Of them, four (10.5%) were active against at least one of the tested phytopathogenic fungi; Fusarium oxysporum, F.moniliforme, F. proliferatum, Stemphylium botryosum, Exserohilum turcicum and human pathogenic fungi; Candida albicans and Aspergillus spp. during dual culture method. Of them, VAH3 showed broad spectrum activity against both pathogenic fungi with maximum inhibition of 24.53 ± 0.20% against F. oxysporum and minimum inhibition of 12.37 ± 0.24% against Stemphylium botryosum on solid agar surface. In agar well diffusion method, only VAH3 showed broad spectrum activity with maximum inhibition diameter of 14 mm against F. proliferatum and minimum inhibition diameter of six mm against Sclerotium rolfsii. Among them, one promising strain Streptomyces VAH3 was selected for further study. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of crude antifungal agent against F. oxysporum, Stemphylium botryosum, and Exserohilum turcicum, Candida albicans and Aspergillus spp. were found to be 560 ?g/ml, 1120 ?g/ml, 1120 ?g/ml, 560 ?g/ml and 1120 ?g/ml, respectively. Morphological, biochemical and physiological tests confirmed that all four potent strains were from Streptomyces genus.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6486 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 97-102
Diversity of Cordyceps Fungi in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Bhushan 
Published: July 2012

Fungi are a part of the biodiversity that play a significant role in daily livelihood of the local communities. Yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) is one of the highly valued medicinal fungi that grow in the Tibetan Plateau of China and alpine grasslands of Nepal, Bhutan and India. Genus Cordyceps was recently revised and divided into four genera: Cordyceps, Elaphocordyceps, Metacordyceps and Ophiocordyceps, based on molecular phylogeny and morphology. The recent revision has consequently changed the scientific name of Yarsa gumba from Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. to Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sung et al. In Nepal, scientific study of Cordyceps species started about 60 years ago. During last 30 years, different Cordyceps species have been reported from Nepal. In this paper, Cordyceps species reported from Nepal have been discussed along with their synomyms, morphological characters, hosts and distributions in the global context.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6487 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 103-110
An Assessment of Ethnomedicinal Use, Chemical Constituents Analysis and Bioactivity Evaluation on High Altitude Medicinal Plant Delphinium brunonianum of Manang District
Authors: Tripathee Hari P , Sharma Ram P , Timilsina Yagna P , Pathak Ramayan , Devkota Krishna P 
Published: July 2012

The medicinal plant Delphenium brunonianum collected from Manang district, Nepal has been selected for its study on ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical investigation and bioactivity evaluation. This plant is found to be used extensively by the community for the treatment of fever, headache, stomachache and poison removal. From phytochemical investigation, four known compounds namely ?-amyrin (1), ?-sitosterol (2), ?-sitosterol glucoside (3) and anthriscifoldine (4) have been isolated from methanol extract of D. brunonianum. Compound 1 is triterpene, 2 and 3 are sterols, whereas, 4 is a diterpenoid alkaloid. The structures of all compounds were determined with modern spectroscopic techniques including 1D- and 2D- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance techniques and comparison with literature data. The extract and all compounds exhibited antibacterial properties with respect to the zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration against Bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aureginous, Escherchia coli and Salmonella flexinarie. Compound 4 was found to be more active than other compounds, and even than the standards ampicillin and gentamicin in most of the tested bacteria.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6488 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 111-118
Nutritional Analysis of Morchella conica and its Role on Rural Livelihood
Authors: Magrati Thakur P , Tripathee Hari P , Devkota Krishna P 
Published: July 2012

The multipurpose Himalayan mushroom Morchella conica is one of the most popular wild high valued edible mushrooms throughout the world. It makes a good income generating source for rural livelihood. This study mainly focuses on the nutritional constituents of M. conica and its medicinal uses with social and financial values for rural livelihood. Nutritional analysis was conducted based on moisture, ash, crude fats, proteins and carbohydrates. The highest value of carbohydrate was 36.5% followed by protein 35.0%, crude fiber 28.8%, crude fat 12.0%, ash 8.2% and moisture 8.0%. In social and financial aspects of M. conica in the studied area, 20% ethnic groups involved for collection of this species. M. conica is economically high priced in which 60.0% poor and 53.3% medium class people are considering this to support their livelihood. The study also showed that this species is a potential source of diet and income for rural people.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6489 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 119-126
A New Route for the Synthesis of Quinazolinones
Authors: Mishra AD 
Published: July 2012

Quinazolinone derivatives are highly bioactive heterocyclic compounds with wider range of microbial activities such as anti-malarial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-convulsant, anti-HIV, etc. Solid supported microwave synthesis of some 3-substituted-4-(2H)-quinazolinones has been carried out by the reaction of anthranilic acid, formaldehyde and primary aromatic amines. The usage of hazardous reagents and organic solvents has been avoided. The reactions were conducted in presence of acidic alumina where formaldehyde entered into cycloaddition to yield the quinazolinone derivatives. The reactions completed within 2-4 minutes with 82-94% of yields in microwave reactions while it took 5-7 hours for completion affording only 56-68% of the yields in conventional reactions. The synthesized quinazolinone derivatives showed moderate to promising antibacterial and antifungal activities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6491 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 133-138
Recovery of Nickel Oxide from Primary-type Portable Spent Battery: an Experimental Strategy
Authors: Jha Vinay K , Miyake Michihiro 
Published: July 2012

In the present work three methods were chosen for the recovery of NiO from primary-type spent battery. In first method, Ni(OH)2 rich fraction of the precipitate was obtained at 7.4 pH after removing the precipitate obtained at pH 4. Second method followed the path of acid (HCl) leached solution treated with sodium hydroxide and thus obtained metal hydroxides which were treated with ammonia solution. Ni(OH)2 solid obtained after evaporation of [Ni(NH3)](OH)2 complex solution was calcinated at 1000°C to get NiO. The method followed the path of acid (HCl) leached solution treated with ammonia solution. Thus obtained [Ni(NH3)](OH)2 complex solution was evaporated till the blue color vanished and then treated with NaOH up to pH 12. The Ni(OH)2 solid after filtration and some more Ni(OH)2 after further heating of liquid solution were dried in oven and then calcinated at 1000°C. Variations of initial amount of battery waste and NH3 concentration were made in order to confirm the degree of efficiency. Third method was found superior in terms of recovery efficiency while second method was better in term of finer and smaller NiO particles.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6499 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 193-200
Diversity and Community Assemblage of Littoral Zone Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Jagadishpur Reservoir
Authors: Shah Deep N , Shah Ram D Tachamo , Pradhan Bandana K 
Published: July 2012

Littoral benthic macroinvertebrates diversity and community assemblage of Jagadishpur Reservoir were studied during post-monsoon (2008) and pre-monsoon (2009) seasons. Altogether twelve sites in the littoral zone of the reservoir were sampled for benthic macroinvertebrates by using a kick-and-sweep method with a standard handnet. At each site, benthic macroinvertebrate samples were taken from different possible substrate types. The environmental variables of each site were collected based on Lentic Ecosystem Field Protocol during sampling. Biological metrics were used to describe the diversity and composition of benthic macroinvertebrates. The relationship between benthic macroinvertebrates assemblage and substrate types were examined by using principal component analysis. Cluster analyses were performed to describe the similarity among samples. In total, 50 taxa, belonging to 15 orders were recorded for littoral zone of the reservoir. The recorded higher number of taxa (family level) belonged to order Heteroptera (water bugs) and Diptera (flies), and class Mollusca. Mollusca for post-monsoon and Diptera (particularly Chironomidae) for pre-monsoon shared the highest proportion in the total density. Shannon diversity index (H’) for post-monsoon was 1.82±0.46 and for pre-monsoon was 1.38±0.53 and was significantly different between seasons (p=0.01). Principal component analysis revealed that increase in taxa numbers were positively correlated to soft substrates while negatively correlated to non-soft substrates in littoral zone of the reservoir. Cluster analyses discriminated the sites into two main groups for both seasons. The study concludes that benthic macroinvertebrates diversity is highly influenced by substrate types, water level fluctuation, and human accessibility to the reservoir. Therefore, in order to stabilize benthic macroinvertebrates diversity and their abundance, it is essential to maintain surface water level, stabilize bank substrate and minimize human pressure.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6505 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 211-19
Dynamics of Abies spectabilis in Relation to Climate Change at the Treeline Ecotone in Langtang National Park
Authors: Gaire Narayan P , Dhakal Yub R , Lekhak Harish C , Bhuju Dinesh R , Shah Santosh K 
Published: July 2012

This paper is aimed to study the tree line dynamics of Himalayan silver fir (Abies spectabilis D. Don) based on its tree-ring data and age stand distribution at Langtang National Park, Central Nepal. Climatic response on radial growth, recruitment of A. spectabilis and its age distribution are carried out. The average tree density of the species in the study area (total 48 plots of 20 m x 20 m) was 236 no/ha while that for sapling and seedling in the study area was 255 and 350 no/ha, respectively. The stand character and age distribution of the species showed a high level of recruitment in the recent decades, with decreased in average age along with increased altitude. Tree-growth climate relationship showed negative response with temperature of March-May. Upward advancement of tree line is expected in the coming recent decades though not necessarily uniform through the line.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6506 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 220-229
K-Ar Dating of White Mica from the Lesser Himalaya, Tansen-Pokhara Section, Central Nepal: Implications for the Timing of Metamorphism
Authors: Paudel Lalu P 
Published: July 2012

The Lesser Himalaya in central Nepal comprises low- to medium-grade metasedimentary rocks. Metamorphic studies show that they have experienced at least two metamorphic events (M1 and M2). However, exact timing of metamorphism is still controversial. In the present study K-Ar dating of white micas in shales, slates, phyllites, schists and gneisses from the Tansen-Pokhara section was carried out to understand the timing of metamorphism. The muscovite in gneiss from the MCT zone shows an age of about 1255 Ma representing the age of crystallization of parent granite. Detrital mica from the Bhainskati Formation gives an age of about 2441 Ma. Probably this is the age of crystallization of muscovite in its provenance. The recrystallized white micas from slate and phyllite show older ages (Early Paleozoic) in the southern part (279 to 458 Ma). Most probably this represents the timing of M1. Age become gradually younger towards the north due to the mixing of older (M1 related) and younger (M2 related) white micas. Youngest age (10 Ma) was measured from the sample just below the Upper MCT. This age may be related to the M2 which was due to the Late Miocene-Pleistocene reactivation of the Upper MCT.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6509 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 242-251
Statistical Models and Water Quality Characterization of Source Waters in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Iswori L , Shrestha Sirijan L 
Published: July 2012

Available sample data of 270 water samples collected from different intake sources of Nepal is analyzed. Analysis showed that well waters were the hardest with more than 60% samples recording hardness above 180 mg/l whereas stream and spring waters showed only 20% and 10% in the same range, respectively. Total dissolved solid (TDS) contents in spring and stream waters were below 500 mg/l while wells waters showed 16% above 500 mg/l. More than 80% from all sources showed pH values within WHO limit. Electric conductivity (EC) was found very low in almost all samples from stream and spring waters. Only well waters showed about 55% with EC in between 500 and 1000 ?mhos/cm. Spring and stream waters were corrosive compared to well waters. In well waters 60% were found stable and 15% scalable. Two nonlinear statistical models, a log-linear and a Box-Cox transformed model are found appropriate for estimating total hardness and TDS, respectively with predictor variables like temperature, pH, and electric conductivity. Models are useful for the purpose of prediction when measurements are unavailable for total hardness and TDS.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6511 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 260-267
Statistical Analysis of Factors Affecting Utilization of Antenatal Care in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Gauri , Shrestha Ganga 
Published: July 2012

Antenatal care provides an entry point for pregnant women to the health care system. This study investigates factors associated with the use of maternal health services as number of antenatal care visits. For analyzing the use of antenatal care health services system in Nepal, data were extracted from individual recods of a data file of NDHS 2006. The unit of analysis for this study is Ever Married Woman (EMW) who had at least one live birth in the five years preceding the survey. The sample of study consisted of 4182 EMW. The simple cross tabulation and chi square tests were used for examining the bivariate relationship and multinomial logit (MNL) model was selected for establishing linkage between number of antenatal care visits and several explanatory variables. Estimation of the parameter of this MNL models done by what is known as iteratively weighted leastsquare (IRWLS), which was identical to the algorithm of Fisher scoring and leads to maximize likelihood estimates. The results were interpreted in terms of odd ratios. The result of this study showed that women with low education level, those residing in rural areas and those with low socio-economic status were less likely to use number of ANC visits.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6512 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2010) 268-275
Age at Menarche and Its Relation to Ages at Marriage, First-Birth and Menopause among Rural Nepalese Females
Authors: Aryal Tika R 
Published: July 2012

The aim of this paper is to study age at menarche and its relation to ages at marriage, first birth and menopause among resident of rural Nepalese females. Data are taken from a sample survey of Palpa and Rupandehi districts. Median ages at marriage, first birth and menopause were found to be 17, 19 and 46 years respectively. It was found that ages related events (menarche, marriage, first birth and menopause) were found to be largely inter-related. The waiting time at menarche for getting married was found to be about two years, and the correlation between age at menarche and age at marriage is statistically significant. Transition probability matrix also revealed that ages at menarche, marriage, first birth and menopause were found to be statistically associated. Finally, the onset of menarche among females signals that they will be ready for marriage and thereby giving birth of child. These findings may help planners and policy-makers for designing proper policy in improving reproductive health and reproductive rights of females along with controlling the level of fertility in a country.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6513 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 276-285
Use of Particle Agglutination in the Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection in Western Nepal
Authors: Pun Ramesh , Pant Krishna P , Shah Yogendra , Sherchand Shardulendra P , Pandey Basu D 
Published: July 2012

Dengue is an emerging vector borne viral disease in Nepal. The study was conducted to detect dengue virus specific IgM and to analyze demographic distribution of positive cases. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in western region of Nepal from August-October 2007. A total of 116 serum samples were collected from suspected dengue virus infected patients visiting hospitals and investigated by particle agglutination. Out of 116 sera, 12 (10.34%) had a positive dengue virus specific IgM. The positivity in age group below 15 years old was 23.08%, 7.32% in 15-50 years age group and 14.29% above 50 years age group. The ratio of positivity in male and female was 1:1. However, there were no statistical significance in the positivity with age (P=0.27) and sex (P=0.91). Thus, dengue has been established in western region of Nepal and diagnosis of the disease can be done by particle agglutination assay. The particle agglutination should be suggested for the diagnosis of dengue in all health centers of Nepal. Awareness programmes on prevention of dengue and surveillance of the disease should be conducted to reduce morbidity and mortality during possible outbreak of it.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6514 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 286-289
Characterization of the Influenza Virus Inhibiting Fractions of Bergenia ligulata
Authors: Rajbhandari M , Schoepke Th 
Published: July 2012

In the course of screening of plant extracts for anti-influenza viral activity, 50% aqueous methanolic extract exhibited antiviral activity against influenza virus A. Bio-assay guided fractionation of the extract led to the indication of the presence of condensed tannins as the active constituents. This was confirmed by chemical tests as well as by thin layer chromatographic comparison with known tannin containing plant extracts. The active fractions were also analysed for the presence of carbohydrates by gas chromatography.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6515 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 290-295