bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of 2″‐Galloylated Flavonol 3‐O‐Glycosides Accumulating in Developing Leaves of Persimmon
Authors: Kawakami Kayoko , Shibukura Yuki , Kanno Tomomi , Furuki Tomoko , Aketa Saiko , Hirayama Masao 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionDried leaves of persimmon, traditionally consumed as a herbal tea in Japan, contain bioactive galloylated flavonol glycosides. Investigation of the seasonal compositional changes in these compounds is important for determining the optimum harvest time.ObjectiveThe three objectives were: (1) to elucidate the compositional changes of the flavonol glycosides in persimmon leaves collected in different seasons; (2) to develop an efficient method for separation of the constituents; and (3) to compare their antioxidant activities.MethodologyFresh persimmon leaves were collected at different growth stages in 2007 and 2008 in Niigata, Japan. Total flavonols were extracted with 70% aqueous acetone followed by ethyl acetate partitioning, and were analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Enzymatic transformation and chromatographic fractionation was performed to isolate the individual flavonols. Two antioxidant assays were performed.ResultsFour nongalloylated flavonol glycosides were detected at the leaf‐shooting stage, and four additional galloylated flavonol glycosides accumulated during leaf development, resulting in a total of eight constituents. Isolation of nongalloylated and galloylated constituents was successfully achieved through enzymatic transformation of the flavonol mixture using combinations of tannase, β‐glucosidase and β‐galactosidase, followed by chromatographic fractionation. The gallates were identified as regiospecific 2″‐galloylated galactosides and glucosides of kaempferol and quercetin. A mixture of 2″‐galloylated flavonol glycosides had a two‐fold stronger antioxidant activity than the nongalloylated mixture.ConclusionThis study showed that four 2″‐galloylated flavonol glycosides had accumulated in developing leaves of persimmon by the end of May through a rapid 2″‐galloylation of the corresponding nongalloylated flavonol glycosides. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A preferred AMPK phosphorylation site adjacent to the inhibitory loop of cardiac and skeletal troponin I
Authors: Sancho Solis Raquel , Ge Ying , Walker Jeffery W. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract5′‐AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is activated when cellular AMP to ATP ratios rise, potentially serving as a key regulator of cellular energetics. Among the known targets of AMPK are catabolic and anabolic enzymes, but little is known about the ability of this kinase to phosphorylate myofilament proteins and thereby regulating the contractile apparatus of striated muscles. Here, we demonstrate that troponin I isoforms of cardiac (cTnI) and fast skeletal (fsTnI) muscles are readily phosphorylated by AMPK. For cTnI, two highly conserved serine residues were identified as AMPK sites using a combination of high‐resolution top‐down electron capture dissociation mass spectrometry, 32P‐incorporation, synthetic peptides, phospho‐specific antibodies, and site‐directed mutagenesis. These AMPK sites in cTnI were Ser149 adjacent to the inhibitory loop and Ser22 in the cardiac‐specific N‐terminal extension, at the level of cTnI peptides, the intact cTnI subunit, whole cardiac troponin complexes and skinned cardiomyocytes. Phosphorylation time‐course experiments revealed that Ser149 was the preferred site, because it was phosphorylated 12–16‐fold faster than Ser22 in cTnI. Ser117 in fsTnI, analogous to Ser149 in cTnI, was phosphorylated with similar kinetics as cTnI Ser149. Hence, the master energy‐sensing protein AMPK emerges as a possibly important regulator of cardiac and skeletal contractility via phosphorylation of a preferred site adjacent to the inhibitory loop of the thin filament protein TnI.
Quantitative and confirmative performance of liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry compared to tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kaufmann Anton , Butcher Patrick , Maden Kathryn , Walker Stephan , Widmer Miryam 
Published: March 2011

The quantitative and confirmative performance of two different mass spectrometry (MS) techniques (high‐resolution MS and tandem MS) was critically compared. Evaluated was a new extraction and clean‐up protocol which was developed to cover more than 100 different veterinary drugs at trace levels in a number of animal tissues and honey matrices. Both detection techniques, high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) (single‐stage Orbitrap instrument operated at 50 000 full width at half maximum) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) (quadrupole technology) were used to validate the method according to the EU Commission Decision 2002/657/EEC. Equal or even a slightly better quantitative performance was observed for the HRMS‐based approach. Sensitivity is higher for unit mass resolution MS/MS if only a subset of the 100 compounds has to be monitored.Confirmation of suspected positive findings can be done by evaluating the intensity ratio between different MS/MS transitions, or by accurate mass based product ion traces (no precursor selection applied). MS/MS relies on compound‐specific optimized transitions; hence the second, confirmatory transition generally shows relatively high ion abundance (fragmentation efficacy). This is often not the case in single‐stage HRMS, since a generic (not compound‐optimized) collision energy is applied. Hence, confirmation of analytes present at low levels is superior when performed by MS/MS. Slightly better precision, but poorer accuracy (fortified matrix extracts versus pure standard solution) of ion ratios were observed when comparing data obtained by HRMS versus MS/MS. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fundamental Mathematical Model for AOD Process. Part II: Model validation
Authors: Pisilä Sauli E. , Järvinen Mika P. , Kärnä Aki , Ikäheimonen Topi , Fabritius Timo , Kupari Pentti 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA fundamental mathematical model for AOD process has been developed and proposed in “Fundamental Mathematical Model for AOD Process. Part I: Derivation of the Model” 1. Validation of the model with process data, measured from full scale AOD process, is presented in this paper.A broad selection of input data for the model was exported from various types of full scale industrial AOD heats. In this study 6 different types of heats were studied and simulated. Process data was measured from two AOD converters (95 t, 150 t). Validation of the model was then done by comparing simulated and measured values for carbon and chromium content, carbon release rate, melt composition, slag composition and bath temperature during final stages of carbon removal.The validation results showed that the model was in good agreement with the measured process data, and same model parameters were valid in all of the simulated heats.
Headache, menstruation and combined oral contraceptives: A diary study in 184 women with migraine
Authors: Lieba‐Samall Doris , Wöberl Christian , Frantall Sophie , Brannathl Werner , Schmidtl Karin , Schrolnbergerl Claudia , Wöber‐Bingöll Çicek ,   PAMINA study group
Published: March 2011

AbstractHalf of female migraineurs in childbearing age use combined oral contraceptives (COCs), but the influence of COCs on perimenstrual migraine is still unclear. We therefore aimed to analyze the risk of occurrence and persistence (i.e. presence for more than 1 day) of headache and migraine before and during menstruation in women with migraine, comparing users of COCs to non‐users.We included 184 women with at least 1 day of menstruation recorded in a 90‐day diary. We differentiated between (a) the 2 days before menstruation, (b) the first 3 days of menstruation and (c) the remaining days of menstruation and analyzed subgroups of women with (n =82) and without (n =102) COCs.In both groups, risk of any headache as well as that of migraine was highest during the first 3 days of menstruation with a hazard ratio of 1.9 and 2.1 for non‐users and 2.1 and 2.2 for users. Although use of COCs showed no statistically significant overall effect, users were at higher risk for any headache premenstrually and non‐users at higher risk for migraine on days 4+ of menstruation.In conclusion, use of COCs exerts only subtle differences on the course of perimenstrual migraine in menstruating women with migraine.
Head circumference, apolipoprotein E genotype and cognition in the Bavarian School Sisters Study
Authors: Perneczky R. , Alexopoulos P. , Wagenpfeil S. , Bickel H. , Kurz A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele is correlated with an earlier onset of Alzheimer's disease symptoms; larger head circumference has been associated with an individual resilience against cognitive impairment.MethodsWe explored if larger head circumference attenuates the effect of theAPOEɛ4 allele on cognition in 380 Catholic sisters covering the spectrum from normal cognitive performance to severe dementia.ResultsLinear regression analysis, adjusting for risk factors for cognitive decline, revealed thatAPOEɛ4 was correlated with worse cognition and that larger head circumference attenuated the negative effect of the ɛ4 allele on cognitive performance.ConclusionLarger head circumference (i.e. larger brain size) seems to be associated with greater resilience against genetic determinants of cognitive impairment, possibly due to enhanced brain or cognitive reserve.
Effect of Concussion on Clinically Measured Reaction Time in 9 NCAA Division I Collegiate Athletes: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Eckner James T. , Kutcher Jeffrey S. , Richardson James K. 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of concussion on clinically measured reaction time (RTclin) and in comparison to a computerized reaction time measure (RTcomp).DesignProspective, repeated measures observational study.SettingAthletic training clinic at a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I university.ParticipantsData are reported for 9 collegiate athletes with acute concussion who were part of a larger cohort of 209 athletes recruited from the university's football, women's soccer, and wrestling teams before the start of their respective athletic seasons.MethodsBaseline RTclin and RTcomp were measured during preparticipation physical examinations. RTclin measured the time required to catch a suspended vertical shaft by hand closure after its release by the examiner. RTcomp was derived from the simple RT component of the CogState‐Sport computerized neurocognitive test battery. Athletes who subsequently sustained a physician‐diagnosed concussion underwent repeated RTclin and RTcomp testing within 72 hours of injury. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare baseline and after‐injury RTs.Main Outcome MeasurementsAfter‐injury changes in RTclin and RTcomp were calculated with respect to each athlete's own preseason baseline value.ResultsAfter‐injury RTclin was prolonged in 8 of the 9 athletes with concussions, whereas RTcomp was prolonged in 5 of the 9 athletes with concussions. The mean (standard deviation) RTclin increased from 193 ± 21 ms to 219 ± 31 ms (P = .050), and mean RTcomp increased from 247 ± 75 to 462 ± 120 ms (P = .214).ConclusionsWe concluded that RTclin appears to be sensitive to the known prolongation of RT after concussion and compares favorably with an accepted computerized RT measure. This study supports the potential utility of RTclin as part of a multifaceted concussion assessment battery.
Reliability and Accuracy of a Video Analysis Protocol to Assess Core Ability
Authors: McDonald Dawn A. , Delgadillo James Q. , Fredericson Michael , McConnell Jennifer , Hodgins Melissa , Besier Thor F. 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo develop and test a method to measure core ability in healthy athletes with 2‐dimensional video analysis software (SiliconCOACH). Specific objectives were to: (1) develop a standardized exercise battery with progressions of increasing difficulty to evaluate areas of core ability in elite athletes; (2) develop an objective and quantitative grading rubric with the use of video analysis software; (3) assess the test‐retest reliability of the exercise battery; (4) assess the interrater and intrarater reliability of the video analysis system; and (5) assess the accuracy of the assessment.DesignTest‐retest repeatability and accuracy.SettingTesting was conducted in the Stanford Human Performance Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.ParticipantsNine female gymnasts currently training with the Stanford Varsity Women's Gymnastics Team participated in testing.MethodsParticipants completed a test battery composed of planks, side planks, and leg bridges of increasing difficulty. Subjects completed two 20‐minute testing sessions within a 4‐ to 10‐day period. Two‐dimensional sagittal‐plane video was captured simultaneously with 3‐dimensional motion capture.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe main outcome measures were pelvic displacement and time that elapsed until failure occurred, as measured with SiliconCOACH video analysis software. Test‐retest and interrater and intrarater reliability of the video analysis measures was assessed. Accuracy as compared with 3‐dimensional motion capture also was assessed.ResultsLevels reached during the side planks and leg bridges had an excellent test‐retest correlation (r2 = 0.84, r2 = 0.95). Pelvis displacements measured by examiner 1 and examiner 2 had an excellent correlation (r2 = 0.86, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.92). Pelvis displacements measured by examiner 1 during independent grading sessions had an excellent correlation (r2 = 0.92). Pelvis displacements from the plank and from a set of combined plank and side plank exercises both had an excellent correlation with 3‐dimensional motion capture measures (r2 = 0.92, r2 = 0.90).ConclusionsCore ability test battery with SiliconCOACH grading method is an accurate and reliable way to assess core ability exercise performance.
Association Between Unsafe Driving Performance and Cognitive‐Perceptual Dysfunction in Older Drivers
Authors: Park Si‐Woon , Choi Eun Seok , Lim Mun Hee , Kim Eun Joo , Hwang Sung Il , Choi Kyung‐In , Yoo Hyun‐Chul , Lee Kuem Ju , Jung Hi‐Eun 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo find an association between cognitive‐perceptual problems of older drivers and unsafe driving performance during simulated automobile driving in a virtual environment.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingA driver evaluation clinic in a rehabilitation hospital.ParticipantsFifty‐five drivers aged 65 years or older and 48 drivers in their late twenties to early forties.MethodsAll participants underwent evaluation of cognitive‐perceptual function and driving performance, and the results were compared between older and younger drivers. The association between cognitive‐perceptual function and driving performance was analyzed.Main Outcome MeasurementsCognitive‐perceptual function was evaluated with the Cognitive Perceptual Assessment for Driving (CPAD), a computer‐based assessment tool consisting of depth perception, sustained attention, divided attention, the Stroop test, the digit span test, field dependency, and trail‐making test A and B. Driving performance was evaluated with use of a virtual reality–based driving simulator. During simulated driving, car crashes were recorded, and an occupational therapist observed unsafe performances in controlling speed, braking, steering, vehicle positioning, making lane changes, and making turns.ResultsThirty‐five older drivers did not pass the CPAD test, whereas all of the younger drivers passed the test. When using the driving simulator, a significantly greater number of older drivers experienced car crashes and demonstrated unsafe performance in controlling speed, steering, and making lane changes. CPAD results were associated with car crashes, steering, vehicle positioning, and making lane changes. Older drivers who did not pass the CPAD test are 4 times more likely to experience a car crash, 3.5 times more likely to make errors in steering, 2.8 times more likely to make errors in vehicle positioning, and 6.5 times more likely to make errors in lane changes than are drivers who passed the CPAD test.ConclusionUnsafe driving performance and car crashes during simulated driving were more prevalent in older drivers than in younger drivers. Unsafe performance in steering, vehicle positioning, making lane changes, and car crashes were associated with cognitive‐perceptual dysfunction.
Apolipoprotein E4 Genotype Increases the Risk of Being Diagnosed With Posttraumatic Fibromyalgia
Authors: Reeser Jonathan C. , Payne Erin , Kitchner Terrie , McCarty Catherine A. 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo determine whether the apolipoprotein E4 (Apo E4) allele may be a genetic risk factor for fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).DesignA retrospective assessment of associations between Apo E4 genotype and selected environmental exposures among a cohort diagnosed with FMS compared with control subjects.SettingMarshfield Clinic Research Foundation's Personalized Medicine Research Project (PMRP) biobank.ParticipantsOne hundred fifty‐one case subjects with fibromyalgia and 300 age‐ and gender‐matched control subjects.MethodsFibromyalgia case subjects were identified according to a strict phenotypic definition from among the nearly 20,000 subjects enrolled in the PMRP. Age‐ and gender‐matched control subjects also were identified from the PMRP in a 2:1 control/case ratio. Apo E4 genotype was determined by single nucleotide polymorphism analysis for both case subjects with fibromyalgia and control subjects. Case subjects with fibromyalgia and control subjects were asked to assess their level of function and stress by completing the Short Form‐36 and the Perceived Stress Scale.Main Outcome MeasuresStatistical associations between the Apo E4 genotype and phenotypic criteria (diagnosis of FMS) as well as historical environmental exposures as documented in the electronic medical record were assessed.ResultsApproximately one quarter of both case subjects with fibromyalgia and control subjects were found to carry at least one Apo E4 allele. The odds ratio (OR) for case subjects with fibromyalgia who had ever been in a motor vehicle accident and subsequently had been diagnosed with FMS was increased among those with at least one copy of the Apo E4 allele (OR 7.04) compared with those without an Apo E4 allele (OR 1.90). The presence of an Apo E4 allele did not influence the degree of pain or level of function among those with FMS.ConclusionsThese data suggest that specific interactions between genetically susceptible individuals (eg, those with at least one copy of the Apo E4 allele) and the environment (eg, involvement in a motor vehicle accident) may contribute to the risk of being diagnosed with FMS, although Apo E4 allele status does not appear to modulate perceived FMS severity.
Advances in automated NMR protein structure determination
Authors: Guerry Paul , Herrmann Torsten 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAround half of all protein structures solved nowadays using solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have been because of automated data analysis. The pervasiveness of computational approaches in general hides, however, a more nuanced view in which the full variety and richness of the field appears. This review is structured around a comparison of methods associated with three NMR observables: classical nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) constraint gathering in contrast with more recent chemical shift and residual dipole coupling (RDC) based protocols. In each case, the emphasis is placed on the latest research, covering mainly the past 5 years. By describing both general concepts and representative programs, the objective is to map out a field in which – through the very profusion of approaches – it is all too easy to lose one's bearings.
Pedagogy and pictorial evidence: interpreting Post‐Reformation English prints in context
Authors: Ormond Barbara 
Published: March 2011

This article discusses the increasing emphasis on using pictorial sources in teaching, learning and assessment in history and asserts that pedagogies for interpreting visual imagery need to be purposefully aligned in relation to the particular media or production contexts under study. Expecting students to be able to glean meaning from images without a supportive pedagogy generally leads to simplistic interpretations and discussion rarely goes beyond what is literally ‘seen’. Interpretation of pictorial sources is a cross‐curricular concern, with learning programmes increasingly making use of the widespread availability of visual media.To illustrate the way in which knowledge of context is essential to successful readings of pictorial evidence, this article examines prints produced in the Post‐Reformation period in England. Through an illustration of their unique characteristics it can be seen that critical contextual understandings need to be integrated into pedagogical approaches. In the teaching of history in New Zealand, as in many history curricula, the increased recognition of the importance of pictorial evidence is an expression of the necessity that students adopt the historians' practices of investigating sources. This article provides suggestions of how these expectations can be met through appropriate pedagogies.
birgHPC: creating instant computing clusters for bioinformatics and molecular dynamics
Authors: Chew Teong Han , Joyce-Tan Kwee Hong , Akma Farizuwana , Shamsir Mohd Shahir 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Summary: birgHPC, a bootable Linux Live CD has been developed to create high-performance clusters for bioinformatics and molecular dynamics studies using any Local Area Network (LAN)-networked computers. birgHPC features automated hardware and slots detection as well as provides a simple job submission interface. The latest versions of GROMACS, NAMD, mpiBLAST and ClustalW-MPI can be run in parallel by simply booting the birgHPC CD or flash drive from the head node, which immediately positions the rest of the PCs on the network as computing nodes. Thus, a temporary, affordable, scalable and high-performance computing environment can be built by non-computing-based researchers using low-cost commodity hardware.
Availability: The birgHPC Live CD and relevant user guide are available for free at http://birg1.fbb.utm.my/birghpc.
Contacts: shahir@utm.my; teonghan@gmail.com
Identification and quantification of metabolites in 1H NMR spectra by Bayesian model selection
Authors: Zheng Cheng , Zhang Shucha , Ragg Susanne , Raftery Daniel , Vitek Olga 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMotivation: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is widely used for high-throughput characterization of metabolites in complex biological mixtures. However, accurate interpretation of the spectra in terms of identities and abundances of metabolites can be challenging, in particular in crowded regions with heavy peak overlap. Although a number of computational approaches for this task have recently been proposed, they are not entirely satisfactory in either accuracy or extent of automation.Results: We introduce a probabilistic approach Bayesian Quantification (BQuant), for fully automated database-based identification and quantification of metabolites in local regions of 1H NMR spectra. The approach represents the spectra as mixtures of reference profiles from a database, and infers the identities and the abundances of metabolites by Bayesian model selection. We show using a simulated dataset, a spike-in experiment and a metabolomic investigation of plasma samples that BQuant outperforms the available automated alternatives in accuracy for both identification and quantification.Availability: The R package BQuant is available at: http://www.stat.purdue.edu/~ovitek/BQuant-Web/.Contact: ovitek@stat.purdue.edu; zhengc@purdue.eduSupplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.