bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibition causes antiangiogenic effects on tumor endothelial and vascular progenitor cells
Authors: Muraki Chikara , Ohga Noritaka , Hida Yasuhiro , Nishihara Hiroshi , Kato Yasutaka , Tsuchiya Kunihiko , Matsuda Kohei , Totsuka Yasunori , Shindoh Masanobu , Hida Kyoko 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTumor angiogenesis is necessary for solid tumor progression and metastasis. Cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 is known to play an important role in cancer growth and invasion, and it activates the signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. COX‐2 is reported to be expressed in many cancer cells. Several studies have reported successful treatment of cancer cells with COX‐2 inhibitors (COX‐2is). However, the effect of COX‐2 inhibition on the tumor endothelium remains to be elucidated. Our study shows that COX‐2 is expressed in the vasculature of surgically resected human tumors. To investigate the effects of COX‐2 inhibition on the tumor endothelium in vitro, we isolated tumor endothelial cells (TECs) from human melanoma and oral carcinoma xenografts in mice, in which we confirmed that tumor growth was suppressed by inhibiting angiogenesis with the COX‐2is NS398. COX‐2 mRNA was upregulated in TECs compared to normal endothelial cells (NECs). Cell migration and proliferation were suppressed by NS398 in TECs but not in NECs. The effects of NS398 in vivo were consistent with the in vitro results. The number of CD133+/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2+ cells in circulation was significantly suppressed by COX‐2 inhibition. In addition, the number of progenitor marker‐positive cells decreased in the tumor blood vessels after COX‐2i treatment, which suggests that the homing of progenitor cells into the tumor was also blocked. We conclude that NS398 specifically targets both TECs and vascular progenitor cells without affecting NECs.
Phospho-Smad1 modulation by nedd4 e3 ligase in BMP/TGF-β signaling
Authors: Kim Byung-Gyu , Lee Ji-Hyun , Yasuda Jiro , Ryoo Hyun-Mo , Cho Je-Yoel 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
A considerable number of studies have focused on the regulation of mothers against decapentaplegic homologue (Smad)–dependent or –independent pathways in the signaling by each transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily member in diverse biologic contexts. The sophisticated regulation of the actions of these molecules and the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain elusive. Here we show new mechanisms of ambilateral R (receptor-regulated)–Smad regulation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)/TGF-β1 signals. In a specific context, both signals regulate the nonclassic Smads pathway reciprocally, BMP-2 to Smad2/3 and TGF-β1 to Smad1/5/8, as well as their own classic linear Smad pathway. Interestingly, in this study, we found that C-terminal phosphorylated forms of each pathway Smad degraded rapidly 3 hours after stimulation of nonclassic signals but are dramatically restored by treatment with via proteasomal inhibition. Furthermore, an E3 ligase, neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4 (Nedd4), also was found as one of the important modulators of the p-Smad1 in both BMP-2 and TGF-β1 action. Overexpressed Nedd4 suppressed the BMP-induced osteoblast transdifferentiation process of premyoblast C2C12 cells or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level of human osteosarcoma cells and promoted TGF-β1-induced degradation of p-Smad1 via physical interaction and polyubiquitination. Conversely, siNedd4 potentiated BMP signals through upregulation of p-Smad1 and ALP activity, the effect of which led to an increased the rate of Pi-induced calcification of human vascular smooth muscle cells. These new insights about proteasomal degradation–mediated phosphorylated nonclassic Smad regulation of BMP-2/TGF-β1 could, in part, help to unravel the complex mechanisms of abnormal nonosseous calcification by the aberrant activity of BMP/TGF-β/Smads. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Predictors of doctoral student success in professional psychology: characteristics of students, programs, and universities
Authors: Graham James M. , Kim Yang‐Hyang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn the face of the rising number of doctoral recipients in professional psychology, many have voiced concerns about the quality of nontraditional training programs. Past research suggests that, on a variety of outcomes, graduates from clinical PhD programs outperform graduates from clinical PsyD and, to a lesser extent, counseling PhD programs. We examine an aggregate archival dataset to determine whether student or university characteristics account for the differences in outcomes among programs. The data show meaningful differences in the outcomes of clinical PhD, PsyD, and counseling PhD programs. Furthermore, graduates from research‐intensive universities perform better on the psychology licensure exam and are more likely to become American Board of Professional Psychology diplomates. The available data support the notion that the ability to conduct research is an essential component of graduate education. In this light, PsyD programs represent a unique opportunity to train students in the types of evaluation and outcomes assessments used by practicing psychologists. We discuss implications for graduate‐level training in professional psychology. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1‐15, 2011.
Effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy for active duty soldiers in a military mental health clinic
Authors: Reger Greg M. , Holloway Kevin M. , Candy Colette , Rothbaum Barbara O. , Difede JoAnn , Rizzo Albert A. , Gahm Gregory A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractExposure therapy is an evidence‐based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but research evaluating its effectiveness with active duty service members is limited. This report examines the effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRE) for active duty soldiers (N = 24) seeking treatment following a deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. Relative to their pretreatment self‐reported symptoms on the PTSD Checklist, Military Version (M = 60.92; SD = 11.03), patients reported a significant reduction at posttreatment (M = 47.08; SD = 12.70; p < .001). Sixty‐two percent of patients (n = 15) reported a reliable change of 11 points or more. This study supports the effectiveness of exposure therapy for active duty soldiers and extends previous research on VRE to this population.
Solvent polarity and hydrogen bond effects on nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2‐bromo‐5‐nitrothiophene with piperidine
Authors: Harifi‐Mood Ali Reza , Rahmati Masoud , Gholami Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe reaction kinetics of 2‐bromo‐5‐nitro thiophene with piperidine was studied in a solvent with a mixture of propan‐2‐ol with methanol and n‐hexane at 25°C. The measured rate coefficients of the reaction demonstrated dramatic variations in propan‐2‐ol–n‐hexane mixtures and mild variations in propan‐2‐ol–methanol system. The second‐order rate coefficients of the reaction, kA, decreased sharply with n‐hexane content. The multiparameter correlation of log kA versus molecular‐microscopic solvent parameters shows interesting results in these solutions. Linear free energy relationship investigations confirm that polarity has a major effect on the reaction rate and hydrogen bond ability of the media has a slight effect on the reaction rate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 185–190, 2011
MAPPING LINEAR EROSION FEATURES USING HIGH AND VERY HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY
Authors: Desprats J.F. , Raclot D. , Rousseau M. , Cerdan O. , Garcin M. , Le Bissonnais Y. , Ben Slimane A. , Fouche J. , Monfort‐Climent D. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTMapping and monitoring linear erosion features (LEFs) over large areas is fundamental for a better understanding of the main erosion processes and for planning suitable protection measures. The advent of very high‐resolution satellite imagery has expanded the range of satellite LEF identification to moderate‐size elements. After determining the relationship between satellite imagery resolution and the ability to detect LEFs, we discuss a highly automated method for extracting such LEFs from a very high spatial resolution image (0.61 m resolution). The method is based on a two‐stage strategy: (1) extraction of all linear features visible on the satellite image using filters and photo‐interpretation; (2) filtering these linear features according to geometric criteria (e.g. orientation relative to slope, sinuosity, position in landscape, etc.) so as to retain only those relative to linear erosion. A series of three images with increasing spatial resolution (10.5 and 0.61 m) was prepared for an area on the Cap Bon peninsula (Tunisia). This predominantly agricultural area has a high density of LEFs with very varied geometric characteristics. The area's problems are both onsite for the agriculture itself, and offsite with the silting up of hillside reservoirs. Respectively 22 per cent, 37 per cent and 73 per cent of the site's LEFs, with respective average widths of 2.8, 3.0 and 2.2 m, are visible on the 10, 5 and 0.61 m resolution images. Gully identification should help to identify the most threatened areas to help land use planning and management or to validate erosion models whether at regional or local (drainage basin) scale. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Approach for Investigation of Chain Transfer Events by Pulsed Laser Polymerization
Authors: Nikitin Anatoly N. , Hutchinson Robin A. , Buback Michael , Hesse Pascal 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPulsed laser polymerization (PLP) with subsequent analysis of molecular mass distribution (MMD) is used to determine the rate coefficient of chain transfer to an agent A, ktrA, by varying pulse repetition rate such that the contributions of PLP‐induced and chain‐transfer‐induced peaks to the MMD change to a significant extent. It is shown by simulation that the relative heights of these peaks may be used to estimate ktrA. The method is applied to evaluation of the rate coefficient of chain transfer to dodecyl mercaptan with butyl methacrylate polymerizations at −11, 0, 20 and 40 °C. The Arrhenius parameters for this coefficient are determined to be: A(ktrA) = (2.2 ± 0.6) × 106 L · mol−1 · s−1 and Ea(ktrA) = (22.1 ± 0.7) kJ · mol−1. magnified image
Tandem mass spectrometry strategies for phosphoproteome analysis
Authors: Palumbo Amanda M. , Smith Scott A. , Kalcic Christine L. , Dantus Marcos , Stemmer Paul M. , Reid Gavin E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractProtein phosphorylation is involved in nearly all essential biochemical pathways and the deregulation of phosphorylation events has been associated with the onset of numerous diseases. A multitude of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and multistage MS/MS (i.e., MSn) strategies have been developed in recent years and have been applied toward comprehensive phosphoproteomic analysis, based on the interrogation of proteolytically derived phosphopeptides. However, the utility of each of these MS/MS and MSn approaches for phosphopeptide identification and characterization, including phosphorylation site localization, is critically dependant on the properties of the precursor ion (e.g., polarity and charge state), the specific ion activation method that is employed, and the underlying gas‐phase ion chemistries, mechanisms and other factors that influence the gas‐phase fragmentation behavior of phosphopeptide ions. This review therefore provides an overview of recent studies aimed at developing an improved understanding of these issues, and highlights the advantages and limitations of both established (e.g., CID) and newly maturing (e.g., ECD, ETD, photodissociation, etc.) yet complementary, ion activation techniques. This understanding is expected to facilitate the continued refinement of existing MS/MS strategies, and the development of novel MS/MS techniques for phosphopeptide analysis, with great promise in providing new insights into the role of protein phosphorylation on normal biological function, and in the onset and progression of disease. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:600–625, 2011
The Euler Characteristic of Phantom Elastomeric Polymer Networks
Authors: Galiatsatos Vassilios , Heinrich Gert 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIt is shown that through a relationship between the Euler characteristic and the cycle rank of polymer networks one has access to a quantitative description of functionality heterogeneity in these fascinating structures. This relationship is applied and extended to study heterogeneous network structures resulting from the random removal of chains from a perfect 2D tetrafunctional network. It is shown that the distribution of crosslink functionality is correlated strongly with the mechanical properties of the networks as those are manifested in the cycle rank. magnified image
A simple method for approximating a general Pareto surface
Authors: Lehtonen Tapani , Pulkkinen Pertti 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe present a simple iterative procedure for approximating the Pareto surface of a set S and the only assumption is that S is closed and bounded. The algorithm creates a sequence of upper bounds for the Pareto surface and these upper bounds tighten towards the surface as the number of iteration loops increases towards infinity. The approximation method is further developed towards a tool for optimization in general situations and it may also be applied in interactive multiobjective optimization. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of the iron concentration in excised gray matter by means of proton relaxation measurements
Authors: Ye Frank Q. , Martin W. R. Wayne , Allen Peter S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTo validate their correlation with tissue iron concentration, proton transverse relaxation measurements have been made at 2.35 T (100 MHz) in 25 samples of excised, frozen, but unfixed human gray matter tissue obtained from the globus pallidus, putamen, caudate, thalamus, and cortex of five postmortem brains free of neurological disease. The iron concentration was independently measured, using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The proton transverse relaxation measurements exploited the interecho time dependence of the apparent transverse relaxation rate, R2app, obtained from a Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill (CPMG) sequence. An empirical semilogarithmic relationship between R2app and the interecho time provided a measure of the relaxation enhancement due to iron, namely, a slope p, which demonstrated a significant correlation (r = 0.78, P < 0.001) with tissue iron concentration. Moreover, a simple rate difference, δR2app, determined between interecho time values of 6 and 60 ms, was also found to correlate significantly with iron concentration (r = 0.81, P < 0.001). Both of the foregoing correlations were better than that of R2app itself. When the tissue samples were subdivided into brain structure groups, the intergroup differences in p reflected their known differences in iron accumulation and correlated with those of the mean group iron content, determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.
Decomposition of inflow and blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) effects with dual‐echo spiral gradient‐recalled echo (GRE) fMRI
Authors: Glover Gary H. , Lemieux Susan K. , Drangova Maria , Pauly John M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractImage contrast with gradient‐recalled echo sequences (GRE) used for fMRI can have both blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) and inflow components, and the latter is often undesirable. A dual‐echo technique can be used to differentiate these mechanisms, because modulation of signal from inflow is common to both echoes, whereas susceptibility and diffusion‐related signal losses are larger in the second echo. An efficient dual‐echo interleaved spiral sequence was developed for use with a conventional scanner. It uses a κ‐space trajectory that spirals out from the origin while the first echo is collected, then spirals back in while collecting the second echo. Decomposition of the data provides separate images of the inflow and T2*‐weighted components. Results demonstrate the decomposition with phantom experiments and with photic stimulation in normal volunteers.
Movement‐Related effects in fMRI time‐series
Authors: Friston Karl J. , Williams Steven , Howard Robert , Frackowiak Richard S. J. , Turner Robert 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper concerns the spatial and intensity transformations that are required to adjust for the confounding effects of subject movement during functional MRI (fMRI) activation studies. An approach is presented that models, and removes, movement‐related artifacts from fMRI time‐series. This approach is predicated on the observation that movement‐related effects are extant even after perfect realignment. Movement‐related effects can be divided into those that are a function of position of the object in the frame of reference of the scanner and those that are due to movement in previous scans. This second component depends on the history of excitation experienced by spins in a small volume and consequent differences in local saturation. The spin excitation history thus will itself be a function of previous positions, suggesting an autoregression‐moving average model for the effects of previous displacements on the current signal. A model is described as well as the adjustments for movement‐related components that ensue. The empirical analyses suggest that (in extreme situations) over 90% of fMRI signal can be attributed to movement, and that this artifactual component can be successfully removed.
Criteria for analysis of multicomponent tissue T2 relaxation data
Authors: Graham Simon J. , Stanchev Peter L. , Bronskill Michael J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMonte Carlo simulations were performed to determine whether the multicomponent T2 distribution of tissue can be estimated accurately from T2 decay data acquired in vivo. Simulated data were generated for white matter, fast twitch muscle, and breast tissue. The signal‐to‐noise ratio, number of data samples, and minimum echo time were varied from the experimental conditions currently achievable with MRI to those achievable for in vitro experiments. Data were fitted by a distribution of T2 values using the T2NNLS algorithm, and statistics characterizing the estimated T2 components were determined. Current MRI techniques were found to provide conditions insufficient for accurate multicomponent T2 analysis on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis. However, volume localization methods that measure T2 decay from a large volume of interest have potential for this analysis. These results illustrate a general framework for development of new techniques to measure T2 decay accurately in vivo.
Assessment of flow in the right human coronary artery by magnetic resonance phase contrast velocity measurement: Effects of cardiac and respiratory motion
Authors: Hofman Mark B. M. , van Rossum Albert C. , Sprenger Michiel , Westerhof Nico 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFlow in the human right coronary artery was determined using magnetic resonance phase contrast velocity quantification. Two methods were applied to reduce respiratory motion: imaging during breath holding, which is fast, and retrospective respiratory gating, which has a high temporal resolution (32 ms) in the cardiac cycle. Vessel cross‐sectional area, through‐plane velocity, and volume flow were determined in six healthy subjects. In‐plane vessel displacement during the cardiac cycle, caused by cardiac contraction, was about 2–4 mm within a time frame of 32 ms in systole and early diastole. The motion resulted in blurring of images obtained during breath holding caused by the large acquisition time window (126 ms) within the cardiac cycle. Therefore, only with a high temporal resolution correct velocity images over the entire cardiac cycle could be obtained. The time‐ and cross‐sectionally averaged velocity was 7 ± 2 cm/s, and the volume flow was 30 ± 10 ml/min.
Detection and characterization of primary liver cancer in rats by MS‐264‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Petré Carine , Ni Yicheng , Marcha Guy , Yu Jie , Wevers Martine , Lauffer Randall B. , Baert Albert L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA new MR contrast agent, MS‐264 (Gd(1 RS)‐1‐(p‐butylbenzyl)‐DTPA), was developed to achieve hepatobiliary specificity and its potential evaluated for detecting and characterizing liver tumors in rats with chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In seven rats with 66 HCC lesions, enhancements of different abdominal organs and tumors were compared on T1‐weighted images after intravenous administration of Gd‐DTPA (0.3 mmol/kg) and MS‐264 (0.05 mmol/kg). MR images were correlated with postmortem microangiographic and histological findings. An overall enhancement of different organs, which normalized within 24 h, was observed after Gd‐DTPA and MS‐264 injection. MS‐264 caused a higher relative enhancement (RE) in liver (60%), compared with that of Gd‐DTPA (40%), which resulted in a prompt negative contrast enhancement in 59 of 66 HCCs. All were moderately to poorly differentiated (Grades II–IV) tumors. Six of these 59 negative contrast‐enhancing lesions showed a positively enhanced peritumoral rim, which corresponded histologically to malignant infiltration (n = 2) or compression (n = 4). On the other hand, six well differentiated HCCs showed prolonged positive enhancement. However, one well differentiated HCC was not positively enhanced by MS‐264, probably due to poor access of the agent to the lesion. In comparison to that of the pre‐contrast images, enhancement with Gd‐DTPA and MS‐264 increased the number of detected lesions by 22 and 42%, respectively. In this animal study, MS‐264 proved to be useful in detection and characterization of primary liver cancers.
A new design for a three‐channel surface gradient coil employing a three‐dimensional finite element model
Authors: Shi Funan , Latour Lawrence L. , Ludwig Reinhold , Sotak Christopher H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA new design of a three‐channel surface gradient coil (SGC) is presented. The optimal objective of this design is to minimize parasitic field gradients by modifying the wire arrangement in the individual coils. A 3D finite element (FE) model is employed to analyze the SGC's field predictions. The numerical analysis results of the new SGC design indicate improved field behaviors when compared with those of a previously reported SGC designed by Cho and Yi (J. Magn. Resort. 94, 471–485 (1991)). To confirm the predicted improvement, two Gy (y‐axis) gradient coils, based on the old and new designs, have been constructed and installed in a General Electric CSI 2 Tesla MRI system with a 15‐cm bore. Based on the resulting MR images, the new gradient coil configuration provides more uniform field gradients and less parasitic field gradients, which results in higher quality images than the previously reported SGC design. This paper also demonstrates the remarkable accuracy of the 3D FE simulation model.
Alternate k‐space sampling in EPI: Compensation for T2* and adjustable T2 weighting
Authors: Aletras Anthony H. , Abduljalil Amir M. , Robitaille Pierre‐Marie L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this work, preliminary results are described for a modification of the MBEST sampling scheme such that image resolution can be increased while preserving image contrast. In this new approach, a single spin‐echo is used in sampling k‐space. The basic idea relies on acquiring a conventional EPI image from the center of k‐space and applying a ψ pulse to permit the acquisition of the two outer edges of k‐space. Using this new approach, it is possible to obtain an enhancement in EPI image resolution, while reducing the extent of T2* weighting. As a result, the resulting images possess reduced T2* contrast and suffer less signal loss from T2* effects such as spatial variations in susceptibility and field inhomogeneity.