bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Au cœur de la relation entre mère et fille : quelle transmission pour la haine
Authors: Dupuis-Gauthier Catherine 
Published: March 2012

La clinique psychanalytique confronte régulièrement à la haine comme composante fondamentale du lien mère-fille. Cet article traite de sa transmission et de ses conséquences psychiques, à partir de la littérature et du travail psychothérapeutique auprès de jeunes patientes, réputées difficiles. Structurellement différente de la notion d’ambivalence, largement étudiée par Freud, la haine de la mère est envisagée dans ses liens avec l’infertilité –à laquelle conduisent inévitablement les ravages du temps - et l’envie qu’elle génère envers la fille - devenue adolescente - comme future mère potentielle.
Suspicion de malformation et échographie fœtale : quand l'image sidère et bouleverse les représentations maternelles
Authors: Viaux-Savelon Sylvie 
Published: March 2012

L’auteur présente l’expérience clinique de son travail dans un hôpital et analyse, dans une vignette, la relation d’une jeune mère et de son nourrisson né avec un cancer. Par ce cas, les croisements entre études génétiques visant la possibilité d’une transmissibilité de la maladie et leurs résultantes sur la transmission psychique sont discutés. L’accent est mis sur les effets négatifs de certaines recherches génétiques, capables d’ébranler toute une histoire familiale « encryptée ». La question de la figurabilité des éléments (certes transmis de manière encryptée) est discutée à travers l’analyse des possibilités d’organisation du récit familial. Un mouvement de distance et de refus vis-à-vis du discours médical semble nécessaire à cette organisation, et l’importance de ce processus, dans un cadre défini, est discutée. L’auteur souligne à ce propos les difficultés du travail dans le domaine du somatique et l’importance d’une place pour le déploiement de la dimension subjective à l’intérieur de l’hôpital. Cette condition est nécessaire dans l’appropriation de la maladie.
Les cérémonies religieuses face à la météorologie
Authors: Hiram Élise 
Published: March 2012

Cette étude se concentre sur les rogativas espagnoles à travers l’exemple de la ville de Salamanque au XVII e siècle. Ces cérémonies religieuses, en plein essor aux XVI e et XVII e siècles, consistent à demander l’intercession divine pour prévenir ou remédier à une calamité publique. Ce travail vise à démontrer l’intérêt de la source des célébrations dites « por los buenos temporales » , à travers lesquelles on demande une accalmie des aléas météorologiques. Outre l’opportunité d’étudier les fluctuations climatiques du Petit Âge glaciaire ibérique, elles autorisent une approche très fine des enjeux que ces pratiques religieuses suscitent au sein de la ville de Salamanque, confrontée à l’adversité atmosphérique. En effet, elles offrent au chercheur en climatologie historique un tableau des anomalies du temps qu’il fit. Mais une telle cérémonie, au-delà de sa signification religieuse, révèle en outre les enjeux politiques, sociaux et économiques soulevés par l’irruption d’une météorologie défavorable dans une société urbaine.
La charité Sainte-Marguerite et le secours des pauvres à Paris
Authors: Thillay Alain 
Published: March 2012

En partant d’un exemple, celui du secours des pauvres veuves du faubourg Saint-Antoine par la charité de la paroisse Sainte-Marguerite dans la première moitié du XVIII e siècle, cet article essaie à la fois de décrire l’organisation, les acteurs et les secours grâce à l’exploitation d’un registre tenu entre 1719 et 1740, mais aussi de le mettre en perspective avec les travaux sur les charités paroissiales, les hôpitaux, les veuves, les orphelins, les apprentissages à Paris sous l’Ancien Régime. Il s’appuie sur la révision désormais largement partagée du schéma du grand renfermement des pauvres et d’une « laïcisation » des secours avant la Révolution française. Il s’inscrit dans l’analyse des pratiques de terrain pour interroger de nouveau les structures plus larges et ouvrir des perspectives articulées à l’économie morale.
Robot technology in the Italian Health-care system: Cost-efficacy economic analysis
Authors: Gulino Gaetano , Antonucci Michele , Palermo Giuseppe , D'Agostino Daniele , D'Addessi Alessandro , Racioppi Marco , Pinto Francesco , Sacco Emilio , Bassi Pierfrancesco 
Published: March 2012

Background Robotic technology is used in multiple fields of surgery, especially radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the introduction of robotic technology in the Italian Public Heath-care context, from the perspective of the Health Technology Assessment (HTA). An economic analysis that compares the costs and effectiveness of the method was developed. Data were compared with those of the most important international literature, analyzing structural and organizational problems related to the method. Materials and Methods A systematic review of literature on tertiary literature (Health Technology Assessment reports) and secondary (systematic reviews) published since 2002 was conducted. The review was also conducted on more recent primary literature regarding the clinical effectiveness and the economic analysis in the fields of surgery where da Vinci® robot is most promising. Results 18 studies were selected out of a total of 65 evaluated. The “Break-Even Point” (BEP) is the minimum number of cases needed to be treated in order to achieve a balance between costs and revenues, below which the system is losing money. It was calculated that the total fixed costs are € 378,000 and variable costs are € 3,810 per surgery. Considering that the current value of DRG (Diagnosis-Related Group) refunded by the public Health-care system is actually € 4,553, the BEP would be achieved performing 508 surgeries, so that the robotic technology does not generate neither profit nor loss. Conclusions It is not possible to demonstrate the superiority of robotic surgery in terms of efficacy. The robotic surgery is safe and effective only if performed by surgical teams with relevant experience. Considering the reported case of an Italian University Hospital with public Health-care system refund, the BEP target of 508 radical prostatectomies could be achieved after a few years. The use of the robot in multiple fields on one hand shortens recovery time costs, but on the other hand increases costs due to organizational issues. The value of the DRG refund does not appear adequate to new robotic technology.
Thrombophilia screening in young patients with cryptogenic stroke
Authors: Herm J. , Hoppe B. , Kasabov R. , Malzahn U. , Endres M. , Koscielny J. , Jungehulsing G. J. , Haeusler K. G. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe clinical relevance of thrombophilia screening in stroke patients is still a matter of debate, and descriptions of larger patterns of genetic variability are rare. We assessed the frequency of hereditary hypercoagulability in young patients with cryptogenic stroke (n = 44) and in healthy blood donors (n = 282) without prior cardiovascular event. Furthermore, we focused on the impact of thrombophilia screening on secondary stroke prevention. Results: Compared to the control group (19–67 years; median 38.5 years; 64% women), there was a lower prevalence of the FVII-R353Q mutation (p = 0.033) in stroke patients (17–52 years; median 36 years; 59.1% women). Of note, the FVII-R353Q mutation lowers FVII plasma levels, probably reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. The prevalence of the remaining 13 gene polymorphisms did not differ significantly. However, the prevalence of FV Leiden mutation tended to be higher among stroke patients. Conclusion: Overall, extended screening for inherited thrombophilia had an impact on medical stroke prevention in every sixth patient with cryptogenic stroke.
Synthesis and Application of Highly Reactive Amino Linkers for Functional Oligonucleotides
Authors: Kojima Naoshi , Komatsu Yasuo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOligonucleotides are functionalized by conjugation with a variety of molecules, and aliphatic amino linkers have been frequently used as a tether for their modifications. This unit describes the syntheses and applications of novel amino linkers having a carbamate structure. Two major chemical properties of the primary amine are induced by the neighboring effect of the carbamate group, which are found to be optimum in an aminoethyl carbamate structure. First, the hydrophobic monomethoxytrityl group can be rapidly removed from the aminoethyl carbamate under very mild acidic conditions, while the deprotection is not completed in standard aliphatic amines even under high acid concentration. This significant feature enables the convenient purification of amino‐modified oligonucleotides by using the hydrophobic interaction of the monomethoxytrityl group with a reverse‐phase resin. Second, the introduction of the carbamate linkage reduces the pKa value of the neighboring primary amine, resulting in an increase in the conjugation yields with various functional molecules, such as those having active esters. The novel amino linkers that have an aminoethyl carbamate linkage indicate potent activity and are applicable for the preparation of various functional oligonucleotides. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 48:4.48.1‐4.48.23. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
One‐Flask Synthesis of Cyclic Diguanosine Monophosphate (c‐di‐GMP)
Authors: Gaffney Barbara L. , Jones Roger A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe bacterial signaling molecule, cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c‐di‐GMP), plays a key role in controlling biofilm formation and pathogenic virulence, among many other functions. It has widespread consequences for human health, and current research is actively exploring its molecular mechanisms. The convenient one‐flask, gram‐scale synthesis of c‐di‐GMP described here will facilitate these efforts. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 48:14.8.1‐14.8.7. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gene Assembly from Chip‐Synthesized Oligonucleotides
Authors: Eroshenko Nikolai , Kosuri Sriram , Marblestone Adam H. , Conway Nicholas , Church George M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDe novo synthesis of long double‐stranded DNA constructs has a myriad of applications in biology and biological engineering. However, its widespread adoption has been hindered by high costs. Cost can be significantly reduced by using oligonucleotides synthesized on high‐density DNA chips. However, most methods for using off‐chip DNA for gene synthesis have failed to scale due to the high error rates, low yields, and high chemical complexity of the chip‐synthesized oligonucleotides. We have recently demonstrated that some commercial DNA chip manufacturers have improved error rates, and that the issues of chemical complexity and low yields can be solved by using barcoded primers to accurately and efficiently amplify subpools of oligonucleotides. This unit includes protocols for computationally designing the DNA chip, amplifying the oligonucleotide subpools, and assembling 500‐ to 800‐bp constructs. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 4:1‐17 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Labeling Substrate Proteins of Poly(ADP‐ribose) Polymerases with Clickable NAD Analog
Authors: Jiang Hong , Lin Hening 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPoly(ADP‐ribose) polymerases (PARPs) play important roles in various biological processes, including DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, mitosis, and RNA processing. PARP inhibitors are in clinical trials for treating human cancers. Understanding the biological function of PARPs will be important to fully realize the therapeutic potential of PARP inhibitors. We have developed a clickable analog of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) that can be used for in‐gel visualization, affinity purification, and identification of substrate proteins of PARPs. The protocols in this article describe a general procedure to label substrate proteins of PARPs using the clickable NAD analog. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 4:19‐34 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High‐Throughput RT‐PCR for Small‐Molecule Screening Assays
Authors: Bittker Joshua A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractQuantitative measurement of the levels of mRNA expression via real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) has long been used for analyzing expression differences in tissue or cell lines of interest. This method has been used somewhat less frequently to measure the changes in gene expression due to perturbagens such as small molecules or siRNA. The availability of new instrumentation for liquid handling and real‐time PCR analysis, as well as the commercial availability of start‐to‐finish kits for RT‐PCR, has enabled the use of this method for high‐throughput small‐molecule screening on a scale comparable to traditional high‐throughput screening (HTS) assays. This protocol focuses on the special considerations necessary for using quantitative RT‐PCR as a primary small‐molecule screening assay, including the different methods available for mRNA isolation and analysis.Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 4:49‐63 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Measurement of Protein Phosphorylation Stoichiometry by SRM‐MS
Authors: Jin Lily L. , Sydorskyy Yaroslav , Tong Jiefei , Taylor Paul , Moran Michael F. , St‐Germain Jonathan R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractProtein phosphorylation is a major post‐translational modification involved in most biological processes and numerous diseases. Much biological relevance lies in the knowledge of the extent of phosphorylation at any given protein phosphorylation site, i.e., protein phosphorylation stoichiometry. Major progress in quantitative mass spectrometry has allowed the establishment of protocols that permit accurate determination of protein phosphorylation stoichiometry. The Basic Protocol presented herein describes a label‐free mass spectrometry approach for determining phosphorylation stoichiometry using electrospray nano‐liquid chromatography coupled to selected reaction monitoring (SRM). This entails the calculation of the respective response rates of the phosphorylated and unphosphorylated cognate peptide species using a peptide dephosphorylation reaction. The ratio of these response rates is then applied as a correction factor to the LC‐SRM‐MS signal intensity ratio of the corresponding endogenous phosphopeptide/nonphosphopeptide pair in a biological sample of interest. An Alternate Protocol is also presented that describes how heavy isotope‐labeled synthetic peptides can be used as internal standards to determine the stoichiometry of phosphorylation. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 4:65‐81 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kinase‐Catalyzed Biotinylation of Peptides, Proteins, and Lysates
Authors: Senevirathne Chamara , Green Keith D. , Pflum Mary Kay H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractKinase‐catalyzed protein phosphorylation plays an essential role in a variety of biological processes. Methods to detect phosphoproteins and phosphopeptides in cellular mixtures will aid in cell biological and signaling research. Our laboratory recently discovered the utility of γ‐modified ATP analogues as tools for studying phosphorylation. Specifically, ATP‐biotin can be used for labeling and visualizing phosphoproteins from cell lysates. Because the biotin tag is suitable for protein detection, the biotinylation reaction can be applied to multiple phosphoproteomics applications. Herein, we report a general protocol for labeling phosphopeptides and phosphoproteins in biological samples using kinase‐catalyzed biotinylation. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 4:83‐100 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Systemic lupus erythematosus in an African Caribbean population: Incidence, clinical manifestations, and survival in the Barbados National Lupus Registry
Authors: Flower Cindy , Hennis Anselm J. M. , Hambleton Ian R. , Nicholson George D. , Liang Matthew H. ,   and the The Barbados National Lupus Registry Group
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the epidemiology, clinical features, and outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the predominantly African Caribbean population of Barbados.MethodsA national registry of all patients diagnosed with SLE was established in 2007. Complete case ascertainment was facilitated by collaboration with the island's sole rheumatology service, medical practitioners, and the lupus advocacy group. Informed consent was required for inclusion.ResultsBetween January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2009, there were 183 new cases of SLE (98% African Caribbean) affecting 172 women and 11 men for unadjusted annual incidence rates of 12.21 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 10.46–14.18) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.42–1.51) per 100,000 person‐years, respectively. Excluding pediatric cases (ages <18 years), the unadjusted incidence rate among women was 15.14 per 100,000 person‐years. The principal presenting manifestations were arthritis (84%), nephritis (47%), pleuritis (41.5%), malar rash (36.4%), and discoid lesions (33.1%). Antinuclear antibody positivity was 95%. The overall 5‐year survival rate was 79.9% (95% CI 69.6–87.1), decreasing to 68% in patients with nephritis. A total of 226 persons with SLE were alive at the end of the study for point prevalences of 152.6 (95% CI 132.8–174.5) and 10.1 (95% CI 5.4–17.2) per 100,000 among women and men, respectively.ConclusionRates of SLE in Barbadian women are among the highest reported to date, with clinical manifestations similar to African American women and high mortality. Further study of this population and similar populations of West African descent might assist our understanding of environmental, genetic, and health care issues underpinning disparities in SLE.
Highly Emissive and Color‐Tunable CuInS2‐Based Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Off‐Stoichiometry Effects and Improved Electroluminescence Performance
Authors: Chen Bingkun , Zhong Haizheng , Zhang Wenqing , Tan Zhan'ao , Li Yongfang , Yu Cairan , Zhai Tianyou , Bando Yoshio , Yang Shengyi , Zou Bingsuo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe off‐stoichiometry effects and gram‐scale production of luminescent CuInS2‐based semiconductor nanocrystals, as well as their application in electroluminescence devices are reported. The crystal structures and optical properties of CuInS2 nanocrystals can be significantly influenced by controlling their [Cu]/[In] molar ratio. A simple model adapted from the bulk materials is proposed to explain their off‐stoichiometry effects. Highly emissive and color‐tunable CuInS2‐based NCs are prepared by a combination of [Cu]/[In] molar ratio optimization, ZnS shell coating, and CuInS2–ZnS alloying. The method is simple, hassle‐free, and easily scalable to fabricate tens of grams of nanocrystal powders with photoluminescence quantum yields up to around 65%. Furthermore, the performance of high‐quality CuInS2‐based NCs in electroluminescence devices is examined. These devices have lower turn‐on voltages of around 5 V, brighter luminance up to approximately 2100 cd m−2 and improved injection efficiency of around 0.3 lm W−1 (at 100 cd m−2) in comparison to recent reports.
Kesterite Thin‐Film Solar Cells: Advances in Materials Modelling of Cu2ZnSnS4
Authors: Walsh Aron , Chen Shiyou , Wei Su‐Huai , Gong Xin‐Gao 
Published: March 2012

AbstractQuaternary semiconducting materials based on the kesterite (A2BCX4) mineral structure are the most promising candidates to overtake the current generation of light‐absorbing materials for thin‐film solar cells. Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) and their alloy Cu2ZnSn(Se,S)4 consist of abundant, low‐cost and non‐toxic elements, unlike current CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based technologies. Zinc‐blende related structures are formed by quaternary compounds, but the complexity associated with the multi‐component system introduces difficulties in material growth, characterization, and application. First‐principles electronic structure simulations, performed over the past five years, that address the structural, electronic, and defect properties of this family of compounds are reviewed. Initial predictions of the bandgaps and crystal structures have recently been verified experimentally. The calculations highlight the role of atomic disorder on the cation sub‐lattice, as well as phase separation of Cu2ZnSnS4 into ZnS and CuSnS3, on the material performance for light‐to‐electricity conversion in photovoltaic devices. Finally, the current grand challenges for materials modeling of thin‐film solar cells are highlighted.
Obesity as malnutrition: The role of capitalism in the obesity global epidemic
Authors: Wells Jonathan C.K. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe global obesity epidemic remains poorly understood, partly because it has emerged alongside persisting under‐nutrition in many populations. At an abstract level, obesity develops from exposure to the “obesogenic niche,” comprising diverse factors predisposing to weight gain. This article first explores how susceptibility to the obesogenic niche is influenced by developmental and life‐history experience. Human growth is sensitive to early‐life ecological conditions, under the transducing effect of maternal phenotype. Such plasticity is associated with subsequent variability in body composition and metabolism, impacting susceptibility to the obesogenic niche, albeit with heterogeneity across populations. Both nutritional constraint and nutritional excess during early life are associated with variability in relevant molecular pathways. The article then considers the fundamental contribution of capitalist economics to population under‐nutrition and over‐nutrition. Historically, capitalism contributed to the under‐nutrition of many populations through demand for cheap labor. As the limiting factor for economic growth switched to consumption, capitalism has increasingly driven consumer behavior inducing widespread over‐nutrition. In populations undergoing nutritional transition, many individuals encounter both under‐ and over‐nutrition within the life course, elevating both susceptibility and exposure to the obesogenic niche. The interactions between global economic forces and nutritional shifts are distributed across generations, and are strongly transduced by maternal effects. The structural connections between undernourished and overnourished worldwide and between under‐ and over‐nutrition within individual life‐courses highlight the central role of capitalist economics in the global obesity epidemic. Prevention policies targeting individual behavior have proved ineffective and economic policies are arguably the optimal target for intervention. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.