bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ALIMENTARY CANAL OF MARINOGAMMARUS OBTUSATUS (CRUSTACEA, AMPHIPODA)
Authors: MARTIN A. L. 
Published: August 2010

The functional morphology of the alimentary canal of Marinogammarus obtusatus Dahl is described, with particular reference to the proventriculus and the digestive gland. The proventriculus is a device (1) for the mastication of food, (2) for retaining it while it is being broken up and acted upon by enzymes and (3) in which provision must be made to convey enzymes forward into the cardiac region and digested food backwards to the digestive gland. Finally, there must be a valvular device to direct undigested food past the ducts leading to the digestive gland and into the intestine.The proventriculus of M. obtusutw. is compared with that of mysids and isopods and it is concluded that modifications of the fore‐gut in various lacostracan groups are likely to be adaptations to diflerences in food and feeding habitsThere is no clear functional distinction between the so‐called secretory and reserve cells of the digestive gland, both of which secrete enzymes, absorb and store food.
THE REPRODUCTION OF THE MINUTE CYCLOPHORID SNAIL OPISTHOSTOMA (PLECTOSTOMA) RETROVERTENS FROM A MALAYAN LIMESTONE HILL
Authors: BERRY A. J. 
Published: August 2010

The anatomy and general histology of the male and female genital systems of 0. retrovertens are described. The egg capsules, which are attached to moss or to the limestone itself, produce one juvenile each and this emerges by parting and breaking two valves. The condition of the gonads and the abundance of juvenile snails collected throughout the period of study, fluctuated in a way matching fluctuations in the abundance of moss on the limestone and in monthly rainfall.Differences between the genital system of 0. retrovertens and those of other cyclophorids, the production of eggs and egg capsules and the apparent seasonality of breeding are discussed.
FUNCTIONAL ADAPTATIONS IN THE PRIMATE SHOULDER GIRDLE
Authors: ASHTON E. H. , OXNARD C. E. 
Published: August 2010

Certain quantitative features of the primate shoulder girdle vary in phase with established muscular differences; in the Anthropoidea, between quadrupeds, semi‐brachiators and brachiators, and in the Prosiinii between quadrupeds and hangers. These contrasts, together with others not directly associated with muscular features, contribute to the efficiency of tho shoulder mochanism for the typo of locomotion practised by each group. Thus, in brachiators, where the arm is habitually raised–a process comprising rotation of the scapula by m. trapozius and m. serratus magnus, together with abduction of the humerus by in. deltoideus, the insertion of m. trapezius is disposed more laterally and is orientated more cranially than in quadrupods where the arm is seldom, fully raised. The insertion of m. serratus magnus extends more caudally in brachiators and it is orientated so that the muscle fibres are both more nearly parallel to and further away from those of m. trapozius. Again, in brachiators, m. doltoidous inserts moro distally into tho humerus than in quadrupeds. Tho habitually raised position of the arm in brachiators can also be functionally related to a more cranial orientation of the glenoid cavity and to a more lateral projection of the shoulder joint. In semibrachiators, where the arm is sometimes used as in quadrupeds and at others as in brachiators, each of these features is developed to an intermediate degree.In man, some of these characters are like those of quadrupeds, and others as in brachiators, the pattern conforming to the contrast that while the human arm can, as in brachiators, be freely raised, most movoment occurs when it is, as in quadrupeds, in tho lowered position.In the Prosimii, contrasts in those bony features between quadrupeds and hangers parallel to some extent those between quadrupeds and brachiators in the Anthropoidea. This can be related to the fact that in hangers, as in brachiators, the body weight is habitually suspended from the raised fore limb.
SOME FACTORS CONTROLLING THE UPSTREAM DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROBIA ULVAE (PENNANT), (GASTROPODA, PROSOBRANCHIA)
Authors: NEWELL RICHARD 
Published: August 2010

In the lower intertidal zones of the river Crouch there is a wide salinity fluctuation from a minimum when they are just covered by the tide to a maximum at full tide. Isohalines of minimal salinity rise to higher shore levels as the estuary is ascended. Marine animals, therefore, restricted to life above a particular isohaline, are found higher in the intertidal zone in the upper reaches of the estuary than in the lower. This situation applies to Hydrobia ulvae which, in addition, is limited in its distribution in the higher levels of the intertidal zone by exposure to air. Since the tidal rise and fall is less in the upper reaches o f the estuary, the animals are restricted to a narrowing belt between the converging isohaline a nd high water mark. Within this belt, however, passive stranding controls the distribution o the animals.Experimental evidence suggests that the upstream distribution of H. ulvae is controlled primarily by the effects of salinity upon the activity of the animals in general and upon the floating response in particular. Reduced activity restricts the number of animals which float and floating is eliminated in low salinities. These influences result in the population occurring as far as the upper tidal limit of the estuary and being confined within salinity extremes which the animals can tolerate physiologically.
Administration of a Nonpeptidyl Growth Hormone Secretagogue, L‐163,255, Changes Somatostatin Pattern, But Has No Effect on Patterns of Growth Hormone‐Releasing Factor in the Hypophyseal‐Portal Circulation of the Conscious Pig
Authors: Drisko J. E. , Faidley T. D. , Zhang D. , McDonald T. J. , Nicolich S. , Hora D. F. , Cunningham P. , Li C. , Rickes E. , McNamara L. , Chang C. , Smith R. G. , Hickey G. J. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract.The activity of the growth hormone secretagog, L‐163,255, on growth hormone (GH), growth hormone‐releasing factor (GRF), and somatostatin (SRIF) levels was evaluated in a porcine model of hypophyseal portal blood (HPB) collection. Young, castrated pigs had HPB and jugular blood collected for ≈ 300 min. The blood collection was divided into discrete periods: baseline (BL) ≈ 180 min; GH response period (RSP) ≈ 90 min; and positive control period following a GRF bolus, 30 min. RSP was divided into a dominant response period (DOM) and a tail (TL). The spontaneous relationship between HPB GRF and SRIF and peripheral GH during BL has been reported (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 217:188–196, 1998). The apex of the GH pulse resulting from L‐163,255 administration was nonrandomly associated (P < 0.05) with descending periods of SRIF troughs. Frequency and amplitude of GRF and SRIF pulses, and frequency and depth of SRIF troughs were not different between BL and the beginning of DOM (the 20–30 min of GH increase). GH AUC was significantly greater (P < 0.05) for DOM compared to BL and TL, and for TL compared to BL. GRF AUC tended to be greater (P < 0.1) for RSP compared to BL, but the majority of the increase was in the TL period. There were no significant differences in the SRIF AUCs between the sampling periods. Furthermore, in a separate experiment, fos activity (a marker of neuronal activation) in the hypothalamus of pigs was examined after either L‐163,255 (1x or 4x), isotonic saline (control), or hypertonic saline (positive control) administration. There were no differences in fos activity in the GRF, SRIF, or CRH immunopositive neurons between L‐163,255 treatment and control. The pituitaries of the L‐163,255‐treated pigs showed marked fos activation compared to the controls. In conclusion, L‐163,255 in pigs has its primary effect at the level of the anterior pituitary.
CARBON BRUSHES THE PROBLEM OF REPLACEMENTS AND THE NECESSITY FOR STANDARDIZATION
Authors: Lunsford J. B. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS.The customary methods of purchasing replacement carbon brushes for the naval service are costly, do not always provide assurance of the proper quality, make for innumerable delays, and very often involve as much clerical and administrative work as does the purchase of machinery or material costing thousands of times as much as the brushes do. In order to overcome these conditions, considerable data on the subject has been gathered, classified and analyzed. This has led to a great simplification of the purchase procedure and indicated that the much‐to‐be‐desired goal of a comparatively few simple brush standards is not so far off as was at first believed. The story of this effort is told in the following non‐technical article, which stresses the desire to bring about standardization by evolution rather than by revolution. Although the field has been covered only in part, the results to date indicate that the effort is much more than self‐supporting from a financial standpoint, to say nothing of the technical benefits; in short, it has already paid for its cost many times over. To finish the job requires the whole‐hearted cooperation and assistance of the whole naval service and of all the manufacturers involved. It is to acquaint them with what has already been done, what it is proposed to do in the future, and to gain their assistance in putting a complete program over, that the following article has been written.
BUOYANCY CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: STARK H. J. , ALPERT J. , SHOEMAKER T. L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThis article compares the rate of water absorption within a 24 hour period for 3 low density cellular materials when immersed in water under two different water pressures or heads. The actual buoyancy remaining in these materials up to 24 hours under the same conditions is also shown. Curves depicting water absorption and retained buoyancy plotted against time graphically show the results of test.Phenolic foam, cellular hard rubber and balsa wood are the materials tested. 3 different densities of phenolic foam (1.9, 2.6 and 8.8 pounds per cubic foot) were used. Cellular hard rubber and balsa wood having average densities of 6.9 and 8.9 pounds per cubic foot respectively were used in the tests.Significant conclusions drawn from the tests are (a) that cellular hard rubber is superior to the other two materials tested in rate of water pick up and retention of buoyancy, (b) the rate of water pick‐up and retention of buoyancy for the phenolic foams and balsa wood are fairly similar, and (c) the buoyancy retention of the lighter density (1.9 pounds per cubic foot) is slightly higher than balsa wood and the other two densities of phenolic foam.
Role of the Quorum Sensing Mechanism in the Response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Lethal and Sublethal UVA Irradiation
Authors: Costa Cristina S. , Pezzoni Magdalena , Fernández Rubén O. , Pizarro Ramón A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe role of quorum sensing (QS) in the response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to UVA radiation was investigated in the PAO1 strain and derivatives defective in the synthesis of the QS signals 3OC12‐HSL (lasI strain), C4‐HSL (rhlI strain) or both (lasI rhlI strain). Cell viability measurements demonstrated that the double mutant was significantly more sensitive to UVA than single mutants, which in turn showed reduced cell survival with regard to the PAO1 strain. Irradiation under nitrogen atmosphere and chemiluminescence measurements indicated the oxidative nature of the UVA‐induced damage. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase was assayed in these strains before and after irradiation, and a strong correlation between catalase levels and UVA sensitivity was observed. When a sublethal UVA dose was applied to PAO1, a growth delay was observed and this mechanism depended on the rhl system. Moreover, low doses of UVA irradiation triplicated the level of C4‐HSL in log PAO1 cells. It is concluded that QS is fundamental in the defense against the toxic effects of UVA in P. aeruginosa. The induction of the QS system by UVA independently of cell density could function as an adaptative strategy to withstand this hostile environmental condition.
A Satake isomorphism in characteristic p
Authors: Herzig Florian 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSuppose that G is a connected reductive group over a p-adic field F, that K is a hyperspecial maximal compact subgroup of G(F), and that V is an irreducible representation of K over the algebraic closure of the residue field of F. We establish an analogue of the Satake isomorphism for the Hecke algebra of compactly supported,K-biequivariant functions f:G(F)→End V. These Hecke algebras were first considered by Barthel and Livné for GL 2. They play a role in the recent mod p andp-adic Langlands correspondences for GL 2 (ℚp) , in generalisations of Serre’s conjecture on the modularity of mod p Galois representations, and in the classification of irreducible mod p representations of unramified p-adic reductive groups.
CONVERGENCE RATE OF THE SUCCESSIVE ZOOMING GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR BAND-WIDTHS OF EQUALITY CONSTRAINT
Authors: KWON Y. D. , HAN S. W. , DO J.W. 
Published: August 2010

Modern optimization techniques, such as the steepest descent method, Newton's method, Rosen's gradient projection method, genetic algorithms, etc., have been developed and quickly improved with the progress of digital computers. The steepest descent method and Newton's method are applied efficiently to unconstrained problems. For many engineering problems involving constraints, the genetic algorithm and SUMT1are applied with relative ease. Genetic algorithms2have global search characteristics and relatively good convergence rates. Recently, a Successive Zooming Genetic Algorithm (SZGA)3,4 was introduced that can search the precise optimal solution at any level of desired accuracy. In the case of engineering problems involving an equality constraint, even if good optimization techniques are applied to the constraint problems, a proper constraint range can lead to a more rapid convergence and precise solution. This study investigated the proper band-width of an equality constraint using the Successive Zooming Genetic Algorithm (SZGA) technique both theoretically and numerically. We were able to find a certain band-width range of the rapid convergence for each problem, and a broad but more general one too.
MATHEMATICAL APPROACH AND GENERAL FORMULATION FOR ERROR SYNTHESIS MODELING OF MULTI-AXIS SYSTEM
Authors: LEE DONG-MOK , YANG SEUNG-HAN 
Published: August 2010

Improving position accuracy of multi-axis machine tools is widely researched. The best known and widely used parametric approach models the direct kinematics of the work-piece and tool kinematic chain and use error synthesis modeling composed of homogeneous transform matrix (HTM). With respect to five axis machine tools, the increase in the number of axis and consideration of different configuration make computation of error matrices difficult and result in long error equations. In addition it becomes difficult to interpret the physical meaning of error terms in these equations. This work presents a mathematical formulation of error synthesis modeling for multi-axis system with the general joint series. This formula can be applied to all possible configurations. The geometric model for an arbitrary joint is defined which is applicable to either prismatic or rotary joint. The error synthesis model for any configuration can be computed from the kinematic chains of a series of arbitrary joints. The proposed model consists of combination of error components of each local axis. Hence it is intuitive and easy to understand the effect of origin offset of local coordinates and squareness error with reference to the measurement coordinate.
Re-created Early Oligocene seabed bathymetry and process-based simulations of the Peïra Cava turbidite system
Authors: Aas Tor E. , Howell John A. , Janocko Michal , Midtkandal Ivar 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:
Sea-floor bathymetry is one of the principal controls on the routing of turbidity currents and the subsequent distribution of deposited sediments. Re-created sea-floor bathymetry is thus one of the main inputs for process-based numerical simulation of ancient turbidite systems. The sea floor underlying the Early Oligocene deposits of the Peïra Cava basin (Alpine foreland, southern France) has been re-created from an outcrop dataset by subjecting a surface-based 3D model to stepwise backstripping of overburden and removal of the post-depositional structural overprint. The surfaces that make up the 3D model were constructed based on field data including stratigraphic correlations, structural measurements and geological maps. Since deposition the Peïra Cava turbidites have been folded, faulted, tilted, uplifted and partly eroded, all of which was summarized and then accounted for during re-creation of the palaeo-sea floor. Uncertainties associated with the input parameters used for the re-creation include the lithological composition of the overburden and underburden, palaeo-water depth and structural restoration. The impact of these uncertainties was addressed by creating a range of scenarios within viable ranges for each of the separate parameters and then comparing the relief and geometry of re-created surfaces. Two mid-case palaeobathymetric surfaces were selected and used as input for process-based simulation of turbidity currents using commercially available software designed for modelling density flows. The simulation results were compared with the stratigraphic architecture observed at outcrop. The quality of the correlation was used as a test of how well the re-created palaeobathymetry mimics the true ancient sea floor.
Solar variance recorded in lacustrine deposits from the Devonian and Proterozoic of Scotland
Authors: Andrews S.D. , Trewin N.H. , Hartley A.J. , Weedon G.P. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:

Continental lacustrine laminites deposited in low latitudes have been examined from the Devonian and Torridonian (Mesoproterozoic) strata of northern Scotland to investigate the consistency of sunspot periodicity through geological time. The thicknesses of 2448 annual laminae were measured from the Middle Devonian (
c
. 388 Ma) Achanarras Limestone Member, Lower Caithness Flagstone Group, and of 2821 laminae from the Mesoproterozoic (1.2 Ga) Poll a'Mhuilt Member of the Stoer Group. Time-series analysis resolved periodicities of 13.8 and 13.9 years in the complete Devonian and Mesoproterozoic datasets respectively. When sedimentological variance was considered and the data were examined as evolutive spectra those sections consisting of the most robust data consistently yielded periodicities between 8.6 and 13.7 years for the Devonian section and 9.2 and 10.6 years for the Mesoproterozoic section. These correspond well to Schwabe cycles. Evidence for the presence of the longer Hale cycles (20 years) was also recognized in the Devonian time series. The sunspot periodicities identified within the Devonian and Mesoproterozoic show little variance from published examples from the Quaternary and Eocene and therefore provide evidence for the consistency of solar processes and solar–atmospheric interactions for the past 1.2 Ga.
Anatomy, emplacement and evolution of a shallow-level, post-tectonic laccolith: the Mt Disappointment pluton, SE Australia
Authors: Clemens J.D. , Benn K. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:
The Late Devonian, high-level, post-orogenic Mt Disappointment pluton was emplaced as a nested laccolith. Field observations and magnetic fabric (anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility) data show that the monzogranitic to granodioritic magmas entered the pluton from a central, linear feeder. The first set of magmas solidified to a non-megacrystic unit and the second to a unit carrying K-feldspar megacrysts. Emplacement was accommodated partly by uplift of the overburden on brittle marginal faults. The magmas were produced through mid- to deep crustal (<600 MPa) partial melting of a source containing both ‘igneous' and ‘sedimentary' rocks, possibly a package of volcaniclastic and aluminous metagreywackes. The spectrum of magma compositions was not formed through any differentiation or magma mixing process. At the source, the melt compositions varied as a result of mixing between liquids derived from the two main source rocks, with variations in the amount of plagioclase component that entered the melt. The degree of entrainment of peritectic orthopyroxene and ilmenite appears to have controlled the Fe, Mg and Ti contents of the magma batches. A variety of evidence suggests that magma withdrawal from the protolith was rapid and episodic. The magma batches so formed were emplaced into the growing pluton essentially without further chemical evolution.
Emeishan large igneous province (SW China) and the mantle-plume up-doming hypothesis
Authors: Ali Jason R. , Fitton J.Godfrey , Herzberg Claude 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:

The Middle Permian (
c
. 262 Ma) Emeishan Basalt Formation of SW China is a commonly cited example of a large igneous province (LIP) that formed as a result of a deep-mantle plume impinging on the base of the lithosphere and generating large regional-scale up-doming prior to volcanism. Recently, however, this assertion has been challenged on the grounds that some lava flows close to the centre of the LIP were erupted in a submarine setting. Here we analyse all the available biolithostratigraphical, petrological, geochemical and volcanological information and show that this supports the idea that the terrain was generated by a plume that originated in the mantle. Emeishan basalt magma melted from a hot mantle source with trace element contents that are similar to the source of Icelandic and intraplate ocean island basalts. However, the amount and lateral extent of uplift is significantly less than is predicted by conventional deep-mantle plume models. We conclude that large-scale doming is not a diagnostic feature of mantle plumes; surface topography can be greatly influenced by the type of lower mantle plume (thermal or thermochemical), how it passes through the transition zone, and how it interacts with the lithosphere.