bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of balloon dilation in an animal model resulting in cricoid cartilage fracture: Implications for the stenotic pediatric airway
Authors: Ang Annette H. , Modi Vikash K. , Raithatha Roheen , April Max M. , Ward Robert F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective:Endoscopic balloon dilation is increasingly popular as primary therapy for infants with subglottic stenosis. We aim to determine the maximum balloon diameter and pressure where no fracture of the cricoid would occur, minimum balloon size and pressures where a gross fracture of the cricoid occurs, and location of these fractures. We tested these objectives by performing balloon dilation in laryngotracheal complexes of eight euthanized adult male New Zealand white rabbits, with airway characteristics similar to a 3‐ to 9‐month‐old infant.Methods:Subglottic airway diameter of each specimen was determined using endotracheal tubes (Cotton‐Myer grading system). Preexistent subglottic disease was excluded by rigid endoscopy. Serial dilation with balloon catheters was performed, employing incremental balloon sizes and pressures, to determine balloon size and pressure, which resulted in a cricoid fracture. Locations of gross fractures were validated by two independent observers.Results:Airway diameter of all specimens was 5.4 mm (size 4.0 endotracheal tube). Four of the seven cricoid cartilages exhibited gross fractures. Dilation with balloon diameters less than 6.0 mm failed to induce a fracture despite maximal inflation to 16.0 atmospheres. The minimum balloon size required to create a fracture was 7.0 mm, at a pressure of 6.0 atmospheres. All fractures occurred at the anterior lamina of cricoid ring.Conclusions:No fractures occurred when balloon dilation was performed with a balloon 0.6 mm or smaller than the measured subglottic diameter. Fractures of the cricoid occurred when balloon dilation was performed with a balloon 1.6 mm or larger than the subglottic diameter. Laryngoscope, 2010
Endoscopic tympanoplasty in patients with attic retraction pockets
Authors: Marchioni Daniele , Alicandri‐Ciufelli Matteo , Molteni Gabriele , Genovese Elisabetta , Presutti Livio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectives:Patients undergoing endoscopic middle ear surgery require reconstruction procedures that are able to give adequate functional results, with particular attention to ventilation of middle ear routes and mastoid tissue preservation.Study Design:Outcome research on a prospective case series in a tertiary university referral center.Methods:A case series of 27 patients with attic retraction pockets underwent endoscopic middle ear surgical procedures. Three kinds of tympanoplasty were selected and performed.Results:In all 27 subjects, it was possible to preserve the mastoid bone and the epitympanic–mastoid mucosa by performing a transcanal endoscopic approach. In total, 21 of 27 (77.7%) subjects presented no recurrence of the disease at 20.1 months mean follow‐up.Conclusions:Three main types of endoscopic tympanoplasty can be performed for surgical treatment of attic retraction pockets, preserving as much as possible the ventilation routes, physiology, and anatomy of the middle ear. Laryngoscope, 2010.
Sealing of small postlaryngectomy pharyngocutaneous fistulas with voice prosthesis
Authors: Karakullukcu M. Baris , Lohuis Peter j. , van den Brekel Michiel W. , Hilgers Frans J.M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPharyngocutaneous fistulas (PCFs) following total laryngectomy is a common complication. The standard therapy is conservative management, and if this is not successful, surgical closure. There is a group of patients with limited survival chance who have small PCFs. In these patients who are not candidates for surgery, sealing of the PCF with a voice prosthesis can significantly improve the functionality of these patients allowing them to swallow and phonate. Laryngoscope, 2010
Treatment of glomus jugulare tumors with gamma knife radiosurgery
Authors: Chen Philip G. , Nguyen James H. , Payne Spencer C. , Sheehan Jason P. , Hashisaki George T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective:Surgical resection, preoperative embolization, radiation therapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery have been used to treat glomus jugulare tumors (GJT). However, the optimal treatment of these tumors remains unclear. The authors report their data on treatment of GJTs with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS).Design:Retrospective review and pooled analysis.Methods:Fifteen patients (nine female, six male) were treated with GKS at a single tertiary care institution for GJTs over a 14‐year period. Criteria for selection included GKS followed by at least one posttreatment radiographic image, and volumetric analysis was performed. A required 15% change in tumor volume was considered real. Pooled analysis was performed to compare outcomes with other series.Results:The mean total radiologic follow‐up was 43.2 months. The mean dose‐to‐the tumor margin was 14.6 Gy. The mean tumor size at treatment was 7.3 cc and 6.3 cc at last follow‐up. After treatment, seven tumors decreased (46.7%), five remained unchanged (33.3%), and three (20%) grew on imaging. Treatment failures received a mean marginal dose of 13.2 Gy compared with 15.1 Gy for treatment successes (P =.08). Overall tumor control rate after GKS in the existing literature with inclusion of the present study is 90.5%.Conclusions:GKS is an effective treatment option for patients with GJTs, including those with prior surgical resection. Marginal radiation doses greater than 13 Gy may be optimal for tumor control. Longer follow‐up will better define the benefits and risks of stereotactic radiosurgery in treating patients with GJT. Laryngoscope, 2010.
Choosing top leaders: Learning to do better
Authors: Campbell Richard J. , Sessa Valerie I. , Taylor Jodi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe CEO was frustrated. He had just fired Bill, the vice president of manufacturing and engineering. It had only been eighteen months since he appointed this promising executive to the position, but it had proven to be a mistake, one the company could ill afford to repeat. The frustration was not only because of the failed decision; it was also because he couldn't determine exactly what had gone wrong. Was Bill simply the wrong person for the job? It was clear he lacked business maturity and made several major decisions that went sour. He didn't. provide leadership and direction for the engineering staff. But there were other factors as well. The job had changed. Bill was the first one to attempt the dual job of vice president of manufacturing and engineering. He was fine in manufacturing; the problems were in engineering. There was no denying that this had been a difficult year for the corporation, with unusual performance pressures. Perhaps the CEO expected too much.It was time to make the next selection decision. What should he do? The CEO opted to split the job once again rather than take any further risk with the leadership of these key functions.
Two‐dimensional microcavity lasers
Authors: Harayama T. , Shinohara S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAdvances in processing technology, such as quantum‐well structures and dry‐etching techniques, have made it possible to create new types of two‐dimensional (2D) microcavity lasers which have 2D emission patterns of output laser light although conventional one‐dimensional (1D) edge‐emitting‐type lasers have 1D emission. Two‐dimensional microcavity lasers have given nice experimental stages for fundamental researches on wave chaos closely related to quantum chaos. New types of 2D microcavity lasers also can offer the important lasing characteristics of directionality and high‐power output light, and they may well find applications in optical communications, integrated optical circuits, and optical sensors. Fundamental physics of 2D microcavity lasers has been reviewed from the viewpoint of classical and quantum chaos, and recently developed theoretical approaches have been introduced. In addition, nonlinear dynamics due to the interaction among wave‐chaotic modes through the active lasing medium is explained. Applications of 2D microcavity lasers for directional emission with strong light confinement are introduced, as well as high‐precision rotation sensors designed by using wave‐chaotic properties.
Optical hybrid approaches to quantum information
Authors: van Loock P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article reviews recent hybrid approaches to optical quantum information processing, in which both discrete and continuous degrees of freedom are exploited. There are well‐known limitations to optical single‐photon‐based qubit and multi‐photon‐based qumode implementations of quantum communication and quantum computation, when the toolbox is restricted to the most practical set of linear operations and resources such as linear optics and Gaussian operations and states. The recent hybrid approaches aim at pushing the feasibility, the efficiencies, and the fidelities of the linear schemes to the limits, potentially adding weak or measurement‐induced nonlinearities to the toolbox.
Spherical Comb Copolymer Micelles and their Application in the Construction of Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Cui Zhe , Ding Jianfu , Scoles Ludmila , Wang Qingjun , Chen Qingmin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA comb copolymer with a fluorinated FPAE main chain and narrowly dispersed PMS graft chains has been prepared. The micellization behavior of this copolymer in a methanol/acetone mixture was studied. DLS studies showed hydrodynamic diameters of the micelles between 50 and 80 nm, while the diameters of dry micelles were ≈40 nm in TEM images. Micelle films with an interesting porous composite structure of nanofibers bearing micelle particles on the surface have been prepared by double coating the micelle solution. Superhydrophobicity with a WCA of 165° and a sliding angle of 3° was observed. As comb copolymers can adjust their molecular weight and block length independently, materials with a high physical strength and controllable morphological structure can be obtained.magnified image
Processing, Structure, and Properties of PAN/MWNT Composite Fibers
Authors: Jain Rahul , Minus Marilyn L. , Chae Han Gi , Kumar Satish 
Published: July 2010

AbstractConventional dry‐jet wet fiber spinning techniques were used to fabricate continuous PAN/MWNT composite fibers with up to 20 wt.‐% nanotube loading. PAN at the MWNT interface exhibited lower solubility under thermodynamically favorable conditions than in bulk PAN, indicating good interfacial interaction. Due to the PAN/MWNT interaction at the interface, thermal shrinkage decreases with increasing MWNT loading (5 to 20 wt.‐%). For high MWNT loadings, PAN/MWNT composite fiber at 15 wt.‐% MWNT loading showed an axial electrical conductivity of 1.24 S · m−1. For all loadings, PAN/MWNT composite fibers exhibited higher tensile moduli than theoretically predicted by rule‐of‐mixture calculations, suggesting good reinforcement of the PAN by MWNT.magnified image
Adjustable‐Stiffness Films via Integrated Thermal Modulation
Authors: Dong Hua , Walker Glenn M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe present a new strategy for fabricating thermally responsive adjustable stiffness materials. A microfabricated heater embedded within a composite film is used to modulate the temperature of a low melting point polymer. Currents ranging from 0 to 200 mA were applied to the microheater and modulated material stiffness ≈100‐fold between 1.03 GPa and 10.9 MPa. The outside temperature of the composite ranged from 23 to 45.5 °C over this range of currents, suggesting its possible use in biomedical applications. The softened composite was bent into arbitrary shapes and allowed to restiffen, highlighting the reconfigurable nature of the material.magnified image
Consumer responses to the depth and minimum claimed savings of “Scratch and Save (SAS)” promotions
Authors: Choi Sungchul , Stanyer Mike , Kim Moontae 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study examines consumers' responses to advertisements employing “Scratch and Save” (SAS) type promotions, which are emerging store‐level promotional tools. Due to SAS promotions' “gambling” characteristics, they offer the possibility of high savings levels, however, they also confront the consumer with uncertainty about the value of the discount at the point of purchase. Particular attention is paid to the depth of the claimed savings, and its effect on regular price believability and consumers' expected savings, as well as perceived value and shopping intentions. The depth of the advertised SAS promotions was observed to not affect consumer believability of the regular price in SAS advertisements. In addition, the disjunction effect is made applicable through showing that the minimum claimed saving information enhances the level of savings expectation. The results also report the positive impact of expected savings on offer value and, in turn, shopping intentions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Linking trust to use intention for technology‐enabled bank channels: The role of trusting intentions
Authors: Dimitriadis Sergios , Kyrezis Nikolaos 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe present research is an attempt to better understand the role of trust in the adoption of technology‐based service channels, namely Internet and phone banking. The study conceptualizes and measures trust, distinguishing the cognitive and affective component of trust (the trusting beliefs), the behavioral component of trust (trusting intentions), and the purchase behavior (intention to use), suggesting a mediating role of trusting intentions. Then it tests a model that combines the effect of trusting beliefs and trusting intentions together with the Technology Acceptance Model variables, privacy, and security as well as individual characteristics. Results from 762 retail bank customers revealed a strong mediating role of trusting intention on the intention to use and similar patterns of relationship for the two technology‐based bank channels. Several implications for managers and further research are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mathematical Modeling of Bivariate Polymer Property Distributions Using 2D Probability Generating Functions, 1 – Numerical Inversion Methods
Authors: Asteasuain Mariano , Brandolin Adriana 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis is the first of two papers presenting a new mathematical method for modeling bivariate distributions of polymer properties. It is based on the transformation of the infinite mass balances describing the evolution of a two‐dimensional distribution using 2D probability generating functions (pgf). A key step of this method is the inversion of the transforms. In this work, two numerical inversion methods of 2D pgfs are developed and carefully validated. The accuracy obtained with both methods was very satisfactory. The inversion formulas of both methods are simple and easy to implement. A simple copolymerization example is used to show the complete procedure from the derivation of the pgf balances to the recovery of the bivariate molecular weight distribution.magnified image
A nonsynonymous polymorphism in IL23R gene is associated with risk of gastric cancer in a Chinese population
Authors: Chen Jianjian , Lu Yan , Zhang Hanze , Ding Yanbing , Ren Chuanli , Hua Zhaolai , Zhou Yan , Deng Bin , Jin Guangfu , Hu Zhibin , Xu Yaochu , Shen Hongbing 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInterleukin‐23 receptor (IL‐23R) is a key element in T helper (Th)17 cell‐mediated inflammatory process, which plays an important role in pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Genetic variants of IL‐23R have been identified as the predisposing factors for immunopathologic process. In this study, we hypothesized that the functional genetic variants of IL‐23R gene may modify the risk of gastric cancer. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a case–control study including 1043 gastric cancer patients and 1089 controls in a Chinese population to assess the association between two potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs6682925 T>C and rs1884444 T>G of IL‐23R and risk of gastric cancer. We found that the variant allele (G) of rs1884444 T>G, with amino acid His substituted by Gln at codon 3, was significantly associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer [adjusted allelic odds ratio (OR) = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.68–0.88]. In the stratified analysis, we found that this protective effect of rs1884444 G allele was mainly evident in intestinal‐type gastric cancer (adjusted allelic OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.65–0.87) other than in diffuse‐type gastric cancer (adjusted allelic OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.76–1.22). However, we did not find any significant association of rs6682925 T>C with gastric cancer risk. These findings indicate, for the first time, that the nonsynonymous variant rs1884444 T>G of IL‐23R may contribute to gastric cancer susceptibility, especially in intestinal‐type gastric cancer, in Chinese population. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantum Semiempirical Energy Based (SEEB) Descriptors Performance with Benzamidine Inhibitors of Trypsin
Authors: Carvalho Alexandre R. F. , Melo André 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMLR is a classical approach to regression problems in QSARs. In this study, the behaviour of SEEB descriptors was analysed with a MLR model. For this purpose a SEEB/MLR 3D‐QSAR model was developed to evaluate the efficiency of benzamide trypsin inhibitors. The development of inhibitors of trypsin‐like serine proteases has been an active area of research. They are involved in many biological processes like protein digestion and blood coagulation and also serve as a useful model system to study protein‐ligand interaction. The regression coefficients, obtained by this procedure, have an intuitively simple and therefore appealing meaning for the relative influence of each amino acid residue to the predictive model. The predictive capability of SEEB is shown to be comparable to those of other QSAR methods.
Best Practices for QSAR Model Development, Validation, and Exploitation
Authors: Tropsha Alexander 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAfter nearly five decades “in the making”, QSAR modeling has established itself as one of the major computational molecular modeling methodologies. As any mature research discipline, QSAR modeling can be characterized by a collection of well defined protocols and procedures that enable the expert application of the method for exploring and exploiting ever growing collections of biologically active chemical compounds. This review examines most critical QSAR modeling routines that we regard as best practices in the field. We discuss these procedures in the context of integrative predictive QSAR modeling workflow that is focused on achieving models of the highest statistical rigor and external predictive power. Specific elements of the workflow consist of data preparation including chemical structure (and when possible, associated biological data) curation, outlier detection, dataset balancing, and model validation. We especially emphasize procedures used to validate models, both internally and externally, as well as the need to define model applicability domains that should be used when models are employed for the prediction of external compounds or compound libraries. Finally, we present several examples of successful applications of QSAR models for virtual screening to identify experimentally confirmed hits.
Digestion of peanut allergens Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3, and Ara h 6: A comparative in vitro study and partial characterization of digestion‐resistant peptides
Authors: Koppelman Stef J. , Hefle Sue L. , Taylor Steve L. , de Jong Govardus A. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractScope: There are differences in stability to pepsin between the major allergens in peanut; however, data are from different reports using different digestion models. This study provides a comprehensive comparison of the digestibility of the major peanut allergens.Methods and results: Peanut allergens Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3 and Ara h 6 were incubated with pepsin to mimic the effect of gastric digestion. Samples were analyzed using SDS‐PAGE. To further investigate resistance to digestion, Ara h 2 was additionally subjected to digestion with trypsin and residual peptides were characterized. Ara h 1 and Ara h 3 were rapidly hydrolyzed by pepsin. On the contrary, Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 were resistant to pepsin digestion, even at very high concentrations of pepsin. In fact, limited proteolysis could only be demonstrated by SDS‐PAGE performed under reducing conditions, indicating an important role for the disulfide bridges in maintaining the quaternary structure of Ara h 2 and Ara h 6. Trypsin digestion of Ara h 2 similarly resulted in large residual peptides and these were identified.Conclusion: Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 are considerably more stable towards digestion than Ara h 1 and Ara h 3.
Nukleinsäuren in verschiedenen Probenvolumina analysieren
Authors: Brescia Peter , Banks Peter , Bruss Marina 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGleichgültig, ob Polymerasekettenreaktion oder Klonierung: Es muss bekannt sein, wie konzentriert eine Nukleinsäurelösung ist. Biotek hat ein Spektralphotometersystem entwickelt, das DNA‐ und RNA‐Gehalte zuverlässig bestimmt.
Lähmendes Halbwissen
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBrigitte OsterathUm nach einem Vulkanausbruch die richtigen Entscheidungen für die Luftfahrt zu treffen, müssen Wissenschaftler schnell und zuverlässig Aschewolken vermessen. Doch die Methoden dazu stecken noch in den Kinderschuhen. Auch an der Organisation hapert es: Nicht eine zentrale Stelle, sondern viele einzelne Arbeitsgruppen versuchten im April, der Asche des Eyjafjallajökull auf die Spur zu kommen.
Effects of constitutive parameters on strain localization in sands
Authors: Gutierrez Marte 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the effects of constitutive parameters on bifurcation and shear band formation in granular soils. Strain localization is analyzed in terms of Vermeer's compliance approach, which is re‐derived and generalized in this paper. The paper also shows that Vermeer's compliance approach is equivalent to other more complex localization criteria. A simple elastoplastic constitutive model for biaxial loading condition is introduced, which adequately captures the monotonic response of granular soils particularly the variation of dilatancy and mobilized friction with shear deformation. Using the constitutive model, the strain localization criterion is expressed in terms of constitutive parameters. Both the model and the strain localization criterion are verified against the experimental data. The model and the localization criterion are then applied in a parametric study to determine the sensitivity of strain localization in granular soils to constitutive parameters. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.