bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a new salphen‐type titanium complex and its application in ethylene polymerization and copolymerization
Authors: Wen Xiaojing , Dong Jin‐Yong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTiCl2[salphen(di‐tBu)] was synthesized, characterized and employed as pre‐catalyst in ethylene homo‐ and copolymerization with propylene, 1‐octene and 10‐undecen‐1‐ol. X‐ray diffraction study on the titanium complex revealed a distorted octahedral coordination of the central metal with a trans‐Cl, cis‐O, cis‐N arrangement. The complex combined with MAO afforded moderate catalytic activities in ethylene polymerization. Furthermore the catalyst not only copolymerized ethylene with apolar monomer (propylene and 1‐octene), but also possessed significant capability of incorporation with polar monomer (10‐undecen‐1‐ol). Only single insertion of 1‐octene unit in ethylene‐co‐1‐octene polymer was detected by 13C NMR spectrum. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and properties of polythiourethane/ZnS nanocomposites with high refractive index
Authors: Liu Li , Zheng Zhen , Wang Xinling 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe inorganic–organic crosslinking polythiourethane/ZnS (PTU/ZnS) nanocomposites with high refractive index and transmittance were successfully prepared. The thiol‐capped ZnS nanoparticles with a diameter of about 5 nm were fabricated into the molecular chains of PTU via the formed covalent bonds between the capped ZnS and the matrix. The investigations demonstrated the ZnS nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the PTU matrix even at high contents. The optical studies showed the refractive index of the highly transparent nanocomposite films linearly increased from 1.643 to 1.792 with the increase of the ZnS content. The structure, morphology, and other properties were also characterized by FTIR, NMR, AFM, XRD, DSC, TGA, etc. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Spinning and characterizations of polypropylene/alkylphosphonic acid treated montmorillonite nanocomposite fiber
Authors: Thanomchat Sarit , Limpanart Sarintorn , Srikulkit Kawee 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFine and well‐dispersed clay was prepared via the in situ conversion of the dodecylamine intercalant inside the clay gallery to dodecylamino dimethylene diphosphonic acid (DDD), using a Mannich reaction, so as to create a repulsive force that delaminated the clay platelets. The clay structure and morphology were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, which revealed changes in the multilayer stacks. XRD analysis showed that the interlayer spacing was largely expanded by the presence of DDD. SEM and TEM images revealed that DDD containing clay (PMMT), but not that without DDD, exhibited transparency, indicating the extremely fine and well‐dispersed clay. Polypropylene/PMMT nanocomposites containing 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt % PMMT were prepared by melt extrusion. The obtained compounds were each spun into a monofilament fiber using a small scale spinning machine and then characterized by XRD, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), plus the sonic modulus was evaluated. The XRD results revealed an increase in the β crystallinity peak in fibers loaded with 2–10 wt % PMMT, indicating that PMMT particles were capable of acting as a β‐form nucleating agent. However, only minimal changes in the thermal behavior (Tc) were observed due to the tested samples containing insufficient PMMT content. The mechanical properties, in terms of the tensile strength and sonic modulus value (E), of the polypropylene nanocomposite fibers were higher than those of virgin PP fibers, presumably due to the reinforcement effect of the filled PMMT nanoparticles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and characterization of PVC/PS composite cation exchange fibers and their adsorption properties on aniline
Authors: Ding Zhi‐Jia , Qi Lu , Ye Jian‐Zhong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBased on the composite fibers made from polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS), the composite fibers obtained were further crosslinked and sulphonated with 50% oleum to produce the acidic cation ion exchange fibers. The optimal technology of the fibers obtained were discussed, the structures of the fibers thus obtained were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, thermogravimetry analysis (TG), differential thermogravimetry analysis (DTG), and scaning electron microscope (SEM) etc. Their properties were measured using chemical titration, filament mightiness instrument, etc. The absorption kinetics and the main factors affecting absorption capacity on aniline were studied, and their regenerating properties were probed. The results indicated that the cation exchange fibers with better mechanical property and higher exchange capability were obtained. The fibers had bigger hydrophilicity, better ability of acid, and alkali corrosion resistance, so they had better practical application value. This type of ion exchange fibers had faster absorption property and better working stability to aniline and could be used repeatedly, so they were applied for treatment of waste water containing aniline with a promising prospect. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The flocculating properties of chitosan‐graft‐polyacrylamide flocculants (II)—Test in pilot scale
Authors: Zhang Wenxuan , Shang Yabo , Yuan Bo , Jiang Yuxiang , Lu Yaobo , Qin Zuqun , Chen Aimin , Qian Xiaozhi , Yang Hu , Cheng Rongshi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this study, the flocculating properties of chitosan‐graft‐polyacrylamide (PAM) copolymer flocculants have been investigated in pilot scale, and the raw water from Zhenjiang part of Yangtse river in China was used as simulated waste water. The influences of dose, mechanical mixing rate, and sedimentation time to the flocculating effects have been investigated in different seasons: summer and winter, respectively. The optimal experimental conditions have been studied by orthogonal test. In addition, the structure effects of the flocculants: the grafting ratio, on the flocculating properties have been also investigated in pilot scale, which results were fully consistent to those from the beaker experiment in laboratory scale using kaolin suspension as simulated waste water. Compared to poly ferric sulfate, current used flocculants in Jinxi Water Factory, chitosan‐g‐PAM copolymer flocculants showed better flocculating properties, which was ascribed to the cooperative effects of the charge neutralization and bridging flocculating mechanisms of polymer flocculants. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis of water soluble sulfonated polyaniline and determination of crystal structure
Authors: Bhadra Sambhu , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by the oxidative polymerization using ammonium persulfate as an oxidizing agent. The PANI was then stirred with excess fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature for 6 h to obtain water soluble sulfonated polyaniline (SPANI). The degree of sulfonation was found to be 93–94% from the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and elemental analysis. The solubility of the SPANI in water was 1.25 g/L at room temperature and appeared as a green color solution. Conductivity of the PANI was decreased after sulfonation. A proliferation of hydrophilic nature of the PANI after sulfonation was observed from the water contact angle measurement. From the UV analysis, it was revealed that the energies required for the π–π* and bipolaron/polaron transitions are less and the intensity of these transitions are lower in SPANI compared to those of PANI. A detailed study on the crystal structures of PANI and SPANI were accomplished from the powder X‐ray diffraction analysis. The SPANI exhibited a more ordered structure having a higher degree of crystallinity and crystallite sizes with an increased unit cell volume compared to the PANI. After sulfonation the morphology of PANI was transformed from a rod‐like shape to a flat‐plate shape. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Strikingly fast microtubule sliding in bundles formed by Chlamydomonas axonemal dynein
Authors: Aoyama Susumu , Kamiya Ritsu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChlamydomonas axonemal extracts containing outer‐arm dynein bundle microtubules when added in the absence of ATP. The bundles dissociate after addition of ATP (Haimo et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:5759–5768, 1979). In the present study, we investigated the ATP‐induced bundle dissociation process using caged ATP. Application of ∼0.5 mM ATP induced microtubule sliding at ∼30 μm·s−1, which was 1.5 times faster than the microtubule sliding observed in protease‐treated axonemes and five times faster than microtubule gliding on glass surfaces coated with outer‐arm dynein. Bundles formed by mutant dynein molecules that lack one of the three heavy chains (HCs) displayed similar high‐speed intermicrotubule sliding. These results suggest that Chlamydomonas outer‐arm dynein molecules, when aligned, can translocate microtubules at high speed and that the high‐speed sliding under load‐free conditions does not require the complete set of the three HCs. It is likely that each of the three HCs has the ability to produce high‐speed sliding, which should be an important property for their cooperation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 and hepatocyte growth factor guide axon projections to the extraocular muscles
Authors: Lerner Oleg , Davenport Dominic , Patel Priya , Psatha Maria , Lieberam Ivo , Guthrie Sarah 
Published: April 2010

AbstractVertebrate eye movements depend on the co‐ordinated function of six extraocular muscles that are innervated by the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves. Here, we show that the diffusible factors, stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), guide the development of these axon projections. SDF‐1 is expressed in the mesenchyme around the oculomotor nerve exit point, and oculomotor axons fail to exit the neuroepithelium in mice mutant for the SDF‐1 receptor CXCR4. Both SDF‐1 and HGF are expressed in or around the ventral and dorsal oblique muscles, which are distal targets for the oculomotor and trochlear nerves, respectively, as well as in the muscles which are later targets for oculomotor axon branches. We find that in vitro SDF‐1 and HGF promote the growth of oculomotor and trochlear axons, whereas SDF‐1 also chemoattracts oculomotor axons. Oculomotor neurons show increased branching in the presence of SDF‐1 and HGF singly or together. HGF promotes the growth of trochlear axons more than that of oculomotor axons. Taken together, these data point to a role for both SDF‐1 and HGF in extraocular nerve projections and indicate that SDF‐1 functions specifically in the development of the oculomotor nerve, including oculomotor axon branch formation to secondary muscle targets. HGF shows some specificity in preferentially enhancing development of the trochlear nerve. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 549–564, 2010
From the intra‐desert ridges to the marine carbonate island chain: middle to late Permian (Upper Rotliegend–Lower Zechstein) of the Wolsztyn–Pogorzela high, west Poland
Authors: Kiersnowski Hubert , Peryt Tadeusz Marek , Buniak Arkadiusz , Mikołajewski Zbigniew 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe tectonic Wolsztyn–Pogorzela palaeo‐High (WPH) is the south‐eastern termination of the Brandenburg–Wolsztyn High (western Poland), which during Late Permian times was an intra‐basin ridge surrounded by Upper Rotliegend sedimentary basins within the Southern Permian Basin. The geological history and structural framework of the WPH are complex. The High belongs to the Variscan Externides, consisting at present of strongly folded, faulted and eroded Viséan to Namurian flysch deposits capped by a thick cover of Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian volcanic rocks. This sedimentary‐volcanic complex was strongly fragmented and vertically differentiated by tectonic movements and subsequently eroded, resulting in the deposition of coarse clastics surrounding uplifted tectonic blocks. During late Rotliegend time, arid climatic conditions significantly influenced occurrences of specific facies assemblages: alluvial, fluvial, aeolian and playa. Sedimentological study helped to recognize the interplay of tectonic and palaeoclimatic factors and to understand the phenomenon of aeolian sandstones interbedded with coarse deposits of alluvial cones close to fault scarps.Subsequent tectonic and possible thermal subsidence of the studied area was synchronous with inundation by the Zechstein Sea. The rapid inundation process allowed for the preservation of an almost perfectly protected Uppermost Rotliegend landscape. Based on 3D seismic data from the base Zechstein reflector, a reconstruction of Rotliegend palaeogeomorphology was carried out, which shows examples of tectonic rejuvenation of particular tectonic blocks within the WPH area before inundation by the Zechstein Sea.The inundation led to the deposition of the marine Kupferschiefer Shale followed by the Zechstein Limestone. In the deeper parts of the basin the latter is developed in thin basinal facies: in shallow parts (e.g. uplifted tectonic blocks forming in some cases islands), carbonate buildups were formed. The remarkable thickness of those buildups (bryozoan reefs) is interpreted as due to stable tectonic subsidence together with a rise of sea level. A detailed study of carbonate buildups has showed that their internal structure reflects changes in shallow marine environments and even emersion events, caused by sea‐level oscillations and tectonic movements of the reef substrate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of diabetes mellitus with prostate cancer: Nested case–control study (Prostate testing for cancer and Treatment study)
Authors: Turner Emma L. , Lane Janet Athene , Donovan Jenny L. , Davis Michael J. , Metcalfe Chris , Neal David E. , Hamdy Freddie C. , Martin Richard M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObservational studies suggest that diabetes is associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer, but few are population based or have investigated associations with cancer stage or duration of diabetes. We report a case–control study nested within the population‐based Prostate testing for cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) study ISRCTN20141297. Men aged 50–69 years based around 9 UK cities were invited for a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) test between June 2002 and November 2006. Amongst 55,215 PSA‐tested men, 1,966 had histologically confirmed prostate cancer; of these, 1,422 (72.3%) completed the questionnaire and 1,291 (65.7%) had complete data for analysis. We randomly selected 6,479 age‐ (within 5 years) and general practice‐matched controls. The prevalence of diabetes was 89/1,291 (6.9%) in cases and 555/6,479 (8.6%) in controls. Diabetes was associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer (odds ratio = 0.78; 95% confidence interval: 0.61–0.99). There was weak evidence that the inverse association was greater for well‐ versus poorly differentiated cancers (p = 0.07). The magnitude of the inverse association did not change with increasing duration of diabetes (p for trend = 0.95). Diabetes is associated with a decreased risk of PSA‐detected prostate cancer. These data add to the evidence of the association of diabetes with prostate cancer in the PSA era.
Risk of cancer in a large cohort of U.S. veterans with diabetes
Authors: Atchison Elizabeth A. , Gridley Gloria , Carreon J. Daniel , Leitzmann Michael F. , McGlynn Katherine A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPrior studies of cancer risk among diabetic men have reported inconsistent findings. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of cancer among a large cohort (n = 4,501,578) of black and white U.S. veterans admitted to Veterans Affairs hospitals. The cancer risk among men with diabetes (n = 594,815) was compared to the risk among men without diabetes (n = 3,906,763). Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, men with diabetes had a significantly lower risk of cancer (RR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.93–0.94). Men with diabetes, however, had increased risks of cancers of the liver (RR = 1.95, 95%CI = 1.82–2.09), pancreas (RR = 1.50, 95%CI = 1.42–1.59), biliary tract (RR = 1.41, 95%CI = 1.22–1.62), colon (RR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.16–1.25), rectum (RR = 1.12, 95%CI = 1.07–1.18), and kidney (RR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.03–1.16), as well as leukemia (RR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.08–1.21) and melanoma (RR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.03–1.24). In contrast, men with diabetes had decreased risks of cancers of the prostate (RR = 0.89, 95%CI = 0.87–0.91), brain (RR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.82–0.99), buccal cavity (RR = 0.85, 95%CI = 0.82–0.89), lung (RR = 0.79, 95%CI = 0.77–0.80), esophagus (RR = 0.77, 95%CI = 0.72–0.82), and larynx (RR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.71–0.80). These findings indicate that black and white men with diabetes are at significantly lower risk of total cancer and of two of the most common cancers among U.S. males; lung and prostate cancers. These decreased risks were offset, however, by increased risks of cancer at several sites. Hyperinsulinemia may explain the increased risks of the digestive cancers, while lower testosterone levels, in the case of prostate cancer, and higher BMI, in the case of lung cancer, may explain the decreased risks of those tumors.
Methylation patterns in cell‐free plasma DNA reflect removal of the primary tumor and drug treatment of breast cancer patients
Authors: Liggett Thomas E. , Melnikov Anatoliy A. , Marks Jeffrey R. , Levenson Victor V. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAbnormal DNA methylation is a feature of most types of cancer, which is reflected in cell‐free circulating DNA in plasma. It is, however, unknown whether surgical removal of the tumor and subsequent therapy induces changes in plasma DNA methylation, which can be used to monitor treatment. In this pilot study, methylation in cell‐free plasma DNA of 20 breast cancer patients was determined by the previously developed MethDet‐56 technique. Samples at three time points were analyzed—before surgery (baseline), after surgery (to evaluate the effects of resection) and after surgery on tamoxifen therapy (to determine the effects of treatment). Methylation patterns of healthy controls were used as a reference for all comparisons. Seven promoters were differentially methylated (p < 0.05) in at least one comparison; three changed after surgery; another one changed after beginning of tamoxifen treatment; and four were differentially methylated in baseline versus combined treatment samples. Increased methylation of PR PROX, MDGI, PAX 5 and RARβ2 at baseline (presurgery) diminished toward the healthy controls with the lowest methylation in the combined treatment group. Surgery alone decreased methylation in PAX 5 and RARβ2, whereas tamoxifen treatment changed methylation only in the B promoter of ESR1. Methylation patterns in cell‐free plasma DNA change after surgery and tamoxifen treatment, most significantly—after combined treatment. The baseline (presurgery) patterns become similar to those of healthy controls, suggesting that methylation patterns in cell‐free plasma DNA may be used to monitor treatment.
Promoter hypermethylation in Indian primary oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kaur Jatinder , Demokan Semra , Tripathi Satyendra Chandra , Macha Muzafar Ahmad , Begum Shahnaz , Califano Joseph A. , Ralhan Ranju 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe evaluated promoter hypermethylation of a panel of tumor suppressor genes as a means to detect epigenetic alterations in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) of Indian‐origin and compare with North‐American head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Quantitative‐methylation‐specific PCR was used to investigate the promoter methylation status of DCC, EDNRB, p16INK4a and KIF1A in 92 OSCC, and compared to 48 paired normal tissues and 30 saliva and sera samples from healthy control subjects. Aberrant methylation of at‐least one of these genes was detected in 74/92 (80.4%) OSCC; 72.8% at EDNRB, 71.7% at KIF1A, 47.8% at p16INK4a and 58.7% at DCC; and in 5 of 48 (10.4%) normal oral tissues. None of the saliva and sera samples from controls exhibited DNA methylation in these four target genes. Thirty‐two of 72 node positive cases harbored p16INK4a and DCC hypermethylation (p = 0.005). Thus, promoter hypermethylation in genes analyzed herein is a common event in Indian OSCC and may represent promising markers for the molecular staging of OSCC patients. We found higher frequency of p16INK4a methylation (47.8%) in this Indian cohort in comparison with a North‐American cohort (37.5%). In conclusion, aberrant methylation of EDNRB, KIF1A, DCC and p16INK4a genes is a common event in Indian OSCC, suggesting that epigenetic alterations of these genes warrant validation in larger studies for their potential use as biomarkers.
Extracting a robust US business cycle using a time‐varying multivariate model‐based bandpass filter
Authors: Creal Drew , Koopman Siem Jan , Zivot Eric 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe develop a flexible business cycle indicator that accounts for potential time variation in macroeconomic variables. The coincident economic indicator is based on a multivariate trend cycle decomposition model and is constructed from a moderate set of US macroeconomic time series. In particular, we consider an unobserved components time series model with a common cycle that is shared across different time series but adjusted for phase shift and amplitude. The extracted cycle can be interpreted as a model‐based bandpass filter and is designed to emphasize the business cycle frequencies that are of interest to applied researchers and policymakers. Stochastic volatility processes and mixture distributions for the irregular components and the common cycle disturbances enable us to account for the heteroskedasticity present in the data. Forecasting results are presented for a set of different specifications. Point forecasts from the preferred model indicate a future recession with the uncertainty over the business cycle growing quickly as the forecast horizon increases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.