bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal relationship between genetic proxies for calcium channel blockers and the risk of depression: a drug-target Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ye Chaoyi , Wang Tingjun , Wang Huajun , Lian Guili , Xie Liangdi 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundCalcium channel blockers (CCBs) are widely used in the clinical management of hypertension. Depression, a common comorbidity of hypertension, is an important issue in the management of hypertension. However, the impact of CCBs on depression risk remains controversial. We aim to investigate the causal effect of CCBs on depression through drug-target Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsTo proxy CCBs, we utilized the genetic variations located in or around drug target genes that were related to systolic blood pressure (SBP). Coronary artery disease (CAD) served as the positive control outcome. Genetic summary data of SBP, CAD, and depression were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) based on European population. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was applied as the main analysis to estimate the causal effect. Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis were used to test the robustness of the results. Meta-analysis was applied to further confirm whether causal relationships existed between CCBs and depression.ResultsThe IVW results failed to reveal any causal relationship between genetic proxies for CCBs and depression (P &gt; 0.05). Cochran’s Q test showed no evidence of heterogeneity (P &gt; 0.05). The MR-Egger intercept test suggested no evidence of directional pleiotropy, and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) global test for horizontal pleiotropy was also not significant (P &gt; 0.05). Leave-one-out analysis did not reveal any genetic variant that influenced the results. In addition, the meta-analysis further confirmed the absence of a causal relationship.ConclusionThe present study indicates no association of genetic proxies for CCBs with depression. Further studies are necessary to provide definitive evidence.
Association of geographical disparities and segregation in regional treatment facilities for Black patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the United States
Authors: Kabangu Jean-Luc K. , Fry Lane , Bhargav Adip G. , De Stefano Frank A. , Bah Momodou G. , Hernandez Amanda , Rouse Adam G. , Peterson Jeremy , Ebersole Koji , Camarata Paul J. , Eden Sonia V. 
Published: May 2024

Background and objectivesThis study investigates geographic disparities in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) care for Black patients and aims to explore the association with segregation in treatment facilities. Understanding these dynamics can guide efforts to improve healthcare outcomes for marginalized populations.MethodsThis cohort study evaluated regional differences in segregation for Black patients with aSAH and the association with geographic variations in disparities from 2016 to 2020. The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was queried for admission data on aSAH. Black patients were compared to White patients. Segregation in treatment facilities was calculated using the dissimilarity (D) index. Using multivariable logistic regression models, the regional disparities in aSAH treatment, functional outcomes, mortality, and end-of-life care between Black and White patients and the association of geographical segregation in treatment facilities was assessed.Results142,285 Black and White patients were diagnosed with aSAH from 2016 to 2020. The Pacific division (D index = 0.55) had the greatest degree of segregation in treatment facilities, while the South Atlantic (D index = 0.39) had the lowest. Compared to lower segregation, regions with higher levels of segregation (global F test p &lt; 0.001) were associated a lower likelihood of mortality (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.82–1.00, p = 0.044 vs. OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.68–0.83, p &lt; 0. 001) (p = 0.049), greater likelihood of tracheostomy tube placement (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.22–1.73, p &lt; 0.001 vs. OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.59–2.21, p &lt; 0.001) (p &lt; 0. 001), and lower likelihood of receiving palliative care (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76–0.93, p &lt; 0.001 vs. OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.59–0.77, p &lt; 0.001) (p = 0.029).ConclusionThis study demonstrates regional differences in disparities for Black patients with aSAH, particularly in end-of-life care, with varying levels of segregation in regional treatment facilities playing an associated role. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and policy changes to address systemic healthcare inequities, reduce segregation, and ensure equitable access to high-quality care for all patients.
Global carbon balance of the forest: satellite-based L-VOD results over the last decade
Authors: Wigneron Jean-Pierre , Ciais Philippe , Li Xiaojun , Brandt Martin , Canadell Josep G. , Tian Feng , Wang Huan , Bastos Ana , Fan Lei , Gatica Gabriel , Kashyap Rahul , Liu Xiangzhuo , Sitch Stephen , Tao Shengli , Xiao Xiangming , Yang Hui , Espinoza Villar Jhan Carlo , Frappart Frederic , Li Wei , Qin Yuanwei , De Truchis Aurélien , Fensholt Rasmus 
Published: May 2024

Monitoring forest carbon (C) stocks is essential to better assess their role in the global carbon balance, and to better model and predict long-term trends and inter-annual variability in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. On a national scale, national forest inventories (NFIs) can provide estimates of forest carbon stocks, but these estimates are only available in certain countries, are limited by time lags due to periodic revisits, and cannot provide spatially continuous mapping of forests. In this context, remote sensing offers many advantages for monitoring above-ground biomass (AGB) on a global scale with good spatial (50–100 m) and temporal (annual) resolutions. Remote sensing has been used for several decades to monitor vegetation. However, traditional methods of monitoring AGB using optical or microwave sensors are affected by saturation effects for moderately or densely vegetated canopies, limiting their performance. Low-frequency passive microwave remote sensing is less affected by these saturation effects: saturation only occurs at AGB levels of around 400 t/ha at L-band (frequency of around 1.4 GHz). Despite its coarse spatial resolution of the order of 25 km × 25 km, this method based on the L-VOD (vegetation optical depth at L-band) index has recently established itself as an essential approach for monitoring annual variations in forest AGB on a continental scale. Thus, L-VOD has been applied to forest monitoring in many continents and biomes: in the tropics (especially in the Amazon and Congo basins), in boreal regions (Siberia, Canada), in Europe, China, Australia, etc. However, no reference study has yet been published to analyze L-VOD in detail in terms of capabilities, validation and results. This paper fills this gap by presenting the physical principles of L-VOD calculation, analyzing the performance of L-VOD for monitoring AGB and reviewing the main applications of L-VOD for tracking the carbon balance of global vegetation over the last decade (2010–2019).
Faktor - Faktor Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak dalam Membayar Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan di DKI Jakarta
Authors: Parapat Diana Madeline 
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of taxpayer attitudes, taxpayer awareness, and tax knowledge on taxpayer compliance in paying land and building taxes in DKI Jakarta. From a sample of 104 respondents, the authors conclude: (1) Taxpayer attitudes have a positive effect on taxpayer compliance in paying PBB. (2) Taxpayer awareness has no significant effect on taxpayer compliance in paying PBB. (3) Knowledge of Taxation has a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance in paying PBB. This study used the Quantitative Method and data analysis tool IBM SPSS Statistics 26 for data analysis.

Keywords: Land and Building Tax, Taxpayer Attitude, Taxpayer Awareness, Tax Knowledge.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Komisaris Independen terhadap Tax Avoidance (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Logam yang terdaftar di BEI periode tahun 2018-2022)
Authors: Murni Yetty , Tobing Grace Yohana , Utami Khalida 
Published: May 2024

Tax Avoidance is a company's effort to minimize the corporate tax burden paid by looking for weaknesses in tax regulations. This study aims to examine the effect of profitability, leverage, company size and independent commissioners on tax avoidance in metal sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2018-2022. The sample of this study consisted of 10 metal sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the IDX which were selected by purposive sampling method. The analysis technique used in this research is analysis using multiple linear regression with the Eviews-12 program. The results of this study indicate profitability, and independent commissioners have a negative effect on tax avoidance, while the leverage variable and company size have no effect on tax avoidance. And the results of the determinant value (R2) in this study amounted to 28.7%, meaning that profitability, leverage, company size and independent commissioners contributed 28.7% to tax avoidance and the remaining 71.3% was explained by other variables not used in this study.

Keywords : Profitability, Leverage, Company Size, Independent Commissioner on Tax Avoidance.
MHD Simulation in Galactic Center Region with Radiative Cooling and Heating
Authors: Kakiuchi Kensuke , Suzuki Takeru. K. , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Shimoda Jiro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We investigate the role of magnetic field on the gas dynamics in a galactic bulge region by three-dimensional simulations with radiative cooling and heating. While a high-temperature corona with T > 106 K is formed in the halo regions, the temperature near the midplane is ≲104 K following the thermal equilibrium curve determined by the radiative cooling and heating. Although the thermal energy of the interstellar gas is lost by radiative cooling, the saturation level of the magnetic field strength does not significantly depend on the radiative cooling and heating. The magnetic field strength is amplified to 10 μG on average and reaches several hundred microgauss locally. We find the formation of magnetically dominated regions at midlatitudes in the case with the radiative cooling and heating, which is not seen in the case without radiative effect. The vertical thickness of the midlatitude regions is 50–150 pc at the radial location of 0.4–0.8 kpc from the Galactic center, which is comparable to the observed vertical distribution of neutral atomic gas. When we take the average of different components of energy density integrated over the galactic bulge region, the magnetic energy is comparable to the thermal energy. We conclude that the magnetic field plays a substantial role in controlling the dynamical and thermal properties of the galactic bulge region.
The Molecular Clouds of M31
Authors: Lada Charles J. , Forbrich Jan , Petitpas Glen , Viaene Sébastien 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Deep interferometric observations of CO and dust continuum emission are obtained with the Submillimeter Array at 230 GHz to investigate the physical nature of the giant molecular cloud (GMC) population in the Andromeda galaxy (M31). We use J = 2 − 1 12CO and 13CO emission to derive the masses, sizes, and velocity dispersions of 162 spatially resolved GMCs. We perform a detailed study of a subset of 117 GMCs that exhibit simple, single-component line profile shapes. Examining the Larson scaling relations for these GMCs, we find (1) a highly correlated mass–size relation in both 12CO and 13CO emission; (2) a weakly correlated 12CO line width–size (LWS) relation along with a weaker, almost nonexistent, 13CO LWS relation, suggesting a possible dependence of the LWS relation on spatial scale; and (3) that only 43% of these GMCs are gravitationally bound. We identify two classes of GMCs based on the strength and extent of their 13CO emission. Examination of the Larson relations finds that both classes are individually characterized by strong 12CO mass–size relations and much weaker 12CO and 13CO LWS relations. The majority (73%) of strong 13CO-emitting GMCs are found to be gravitationally bound. However, only 25% of the weak 13CO-emitting GMCs are bound. The resulting breakdown in the Larson relations in the weak 13CO-emitting population decouples the mass–size and LWS relations, demonstrating that independent physical causes are required to understand the origin of each. Finally, in nearly every aspect, the physical properties of the M31 GMCs are found to be very similar to those of local Milky Way clouds.
Runaway OB Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud. III. Updated Kinematics and Insights into Dynamical versus Supernova Ejections
Authors: Phillips Grant D. , Oey M. S. , Cuevas Maria , Castro Norberto , Kothari Rishi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We use the kinematics of field OB stars to estimate the frequencies of runaway stars generated by the dynamical ejection scenario (DES), the binary supernova scenario (BSS), and the combined two-step mechanism. We update the proper motions for field OB and OBe stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using Gaia DR3. Our sample now contains 336 stars from the Runaways and Isolated O-Type Star Spectroscopic Survey of the SMC, and we update our algorithm to calculate more accurate velocities compared to those obtained previously from DR2. We find a decrease in median velocity from 39 to 29 km s−1, implying that the proper motions from our previous work were systematically overestimated. We present the velocity distribution for OBe stars and quantitatively compare it to those of noncompact binaries and high-mass X-ray binaries. We confirm that OBe stars appear to be dominated by the BSS and are likely post-SN binary systems, further supporting the mass-transfer model to explain the origin of their emission-line disks. In contrast, normal OB stars may show a bimodal velocity distribution, which may be expected from different processes that occur with dynamical ejections. The kinematics of fast-rotating OB stars are similar to those of normal OB stars rather than OBe stars, suggesting that the origin of their high

v

r

sin
i

is different from that of OBe stars. We update our model parameters describing the kinematic origins of the SMC field population, still confirming that for runaway stars, the DES mechanism dominates, and two-step ejections seem comparable in frequency to pure BSS ejections.
ELUCID. VIII. Simulating the Coma Galaxy Cluster to Calibrate Model and Understand Feedback
Authors: Luo Xiong , Wang Huiyuan , Cui Weiguang , Mo Houjun , Li RenJie , Jing Yipeng , Katz Neal , Davé Romeel , Yang Xiaohu , Chen Yangyao , Li Hao , Huang Shuiyao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We conducted an investigation of the Coma cluster of galaxies by running a series of constrained hydrodynamic simulations with GIZMO-SIMBA and GADGET-3 based on initial conditions reconstructed from the SDSS survey volume in the ELUCID project. We compared simulation predictions and observations for galaxies, intracluster medium (ICM) and intergalactic medium (IGM) in and around the Coma cluster to constrain galaxy formation physics. Our results demonstrate that this type of constrained investigation allows us to probe in more detail the implemented physical processes, because the comparison between simulations and observations is free of cosmic variance and hence can be conducted in a “one-to-one” manner. We found that an increase in the earlier star formation rate and the supernova feedback of the original GIZMO-SIMBA model is needed to match observational data on stellar, interstellar medium, and ICM metallicity. The simulations without active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback can well reproduce the observational ICM electron density, temperature, and entropy profiles, ICM substructures, and the IGM temperature–density relation, while the ones with AGN feedback usually fail. However, one requires something like AGN feedback to reproduce a sufficiently large population of quiescent galaxies, particularly in low-density regions. The constrained simulations of the Coma cluster thus provide a test bed to understand processes that drive galaxy formation and evolution.
The Huge Magnetic Toroids in the Milky Way Halo
Authors: Xu J. , Han J. L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The magnetic fields in our Milky Way can be revealed by the distribution of Faraday rotation measures (RMs) of radio sources behind the Galaxy and of radio pulsars inside the Galaxy. Based on the antisymmetry of the Faraday sky in the inner Galaxy to the Galactic coordinates, the magnetic field toroids above and below the Galactic plane with reversed field directions exist in the Galactic halo and have been included in almost all models for the global magnetic structure in the Milky Way. However, the quantitative parameters—such as the field strength, the scale height, and the scale radius of the toroids—are hard to determine from observational data. It has long been argued that the RM antisymmetry could be dominated by the local contributions of the interstellar medium. Here, we get the local-discounted RM contributions from the RM sky and RMs of pulsars and get the first quantitative estimate of the sizes of the magnetic toroids in the Galactic halo. They are huge, starting from a Galactocentric radius of less than 2 kpc and extending to at least 15 kpc, without field direction reversals. Such magnetic toroids in the Galactic halo should naturally constrain the physical processes in galaxies.
Fast, Simple, and Accurate Time Series Analysis with Large Language Models: An Example of Mean-motion Resonances Identification
Authors: Smirnov Evgeny A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Classical machine learning has been actively utilized in astronomy to address various challenges, including predicting orbital stability, classifying asteroids, galaxies, and other objects, and analyzing images. However, the emerging trend in artificial intelligence involves the use of large language models such as GPT-4 and ChatGPT. These models are trained on a large corpus of text and can perform a wide range of natural language processing tasks, including text generation, translation, summarization, and classification. Surprisingly, these capabilities present significant potential for application in astronomy. This paper demonstrates how the new model gpt-4-vision-preview can analyze visual patterns and accurately classify asteroids as resonant or nonresonant with high accuracy. This process requires no training, fine-tuning, or coding beyond writing the appropriate prompt in natural language. Moreover, this approach can be extended to other common problems within astronomy.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and the risk of infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials
Authors: Yang Na , He Li-Yun , Liu Peng , Li Zi-Yi , Yang Yu-Cheng , Ping Fan , Xu Ling-Ling , Li Wei , Zhang Hua-Bing , Li Yu-Xiu 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Since adverse events during treatment affect adherence and subsequent glycemic control, understanding the safety profile of oral anti-diabetic drugs is imperative for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) therapy.
AIM
To evaluate the risk of infection in patients with T2DM treated with dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.
METHODS
Electronic databases were searched. The selection criteria included randomized controlled trials focused on cardiovascular outcomes. In these studies, the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors were directly compared to those of either other active anti-diabetic treatments or placebo. Six trials involving 53616 patients were deemed eligible. We calculated aggregate relative risks employing both random-effects and fixed-effects approaches, contingent upon the context.
RESULTS
The application of DPP-4 inhibitors showed no significant link to the overall infection risk [0.98 (0.95, 1.02)] or the risk of serious infections [0.96 (0.85, 1.08)], additionally, no significant associations were found with opportunistic infections [0.69 (0.46, 1.04)], site-specific infections [respiratory infection 0.99 (0.96, 1.03), urinary tract infections 1.02 (0.95, 1.10), abdominal and gastrointestinal infections 1.02 (0.83, 1.25), skin structure and soft tissue infections 0.81 (0.60, 1.09), bone infections 0.96 (0.68, 1.36), and bloodstream infections 0.97 (0.80, 1.18)].
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis of data from cardiovascular outcome trials revealed no heightened infection risk in patients undergoing DPP-4 inhibitor therapy compared to control cohorts.
Synaptotagmins family affect glucose transport in retinal pigment epithelial cells through their ubiquitination-mediated degradation and glucose transporter-1 regulation
Authors: Xu Hong , Zhang Li-Bo , Luo Yi-Yi , Wang Ling , Zhang Ye-Pin , Chen Pei-Qi , Ba Xue-Ying , Han Jian , Luo Heng 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Synaptotagmins (SYTs) are a family of 17 membrane transporters that function as calcium ion sensors during the release of Ca2+-dependent neurotransmitters and hormones. However, few studies have reported whether members of the SYT family play a role in glucose uptake in diabetic retinopathy (DR) through Ca2+/glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) and the possible regulatory mechanism of SYTs.
AIM
To elucidate the role of the SYT family in the regulation of glucose transport in retinal pigment epithelial cells and explore its potential as a therapeutic target for the clinical management of DR.
METHODS
DR was induced by streptozotocin in C57BL/6J mice and by high glucose medium in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19). Bioinformatics analysis, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, flow cytometry, ELISA, HE staining, and TUNEL staining were used for analysis.
RESULTS
Six differentially expressed proteins (SYT2, SYT3, SYT4, SYT7, SYT11, and SYT13) were found between the DR and control groups, and SYT4 was highly expressed. Hyperglycemia induces SYT4 overexpression, manipulates Ca2+ influx to induce GLUT1 fusion with the plasma membrane, promotes abnormal expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1 and excessive glucose uptake, induces ARPE-19 cell apoptosis, and promotes DR progression. Parkin deficiency inhibits the proteasomal degradation of SYT4 in DR, resulting in SYT4 accumulation and enhanced GLUT1 fusion with the plasma membrane, and these effects were blocked by oe-Parkin treatment. Moreover, dysregulation of the myelin transcription factor 1 (Myt1)-induced transcription of SYT4 in DR further activated the SYT4-mediated stimulus-secretion coupling process, and this process was inhibited in the oe-MYT1-treated group.
CONCLUSION
Our study reveals the key role of SYT4 in regulating glucose transport in retinal pigment epithelial cells during the pathogenesis of DR and the underlying mechanism and suggests potential therapeutic targets for clinical DR.