bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Unfractionated Heparin Plus Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors During Revascularization for an Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Trials Performed With Stents and Thienopyridines
Authors: Winchester David E. , Brearley William D. , Wen Xuerong , Park Ki E. , Bavry Anthony A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground:Early studies of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPIs) demonstrated benefit during percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Since their introduction, the magnitude of benefit of GPIs has become unclear.Hypothesis:We hypothesized that adding a GPI to unfractionated heparin in ACS patients treated with stents and thienopyridines is beneficial.Methods:We searched the MEDLINE, Cochrane, and clinicaltrials.gov databases for randomized clinical trials that studied the use of GPIs during ACS. We required that patients be randomly assigned to unfractionated heparin plus a GPI versus unfractionated heparin plus placebo (or control). Additional inclusion criteria included the use of coronary stents and periprocedural thienopyridines. Outcomes were assessed at 30 days. Random effects DerSimonian‐Laird summary risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were constructed.Results:Sixteen studies with 7611 patients were included. Myocardial infarction was 3.1% with GPI versus 4.4% with control (RR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59–0.94, P = 0.014); revascularization, 1.7% versus 2.7% (RR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46–0.89, P = 0.008); major bleeding, 2.5% versus 2.1% (RR = 1.21; 95% CI, 0.89–1.63, P = 0.22); minor bleeding, 5.5% versus 4.1% (RR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.06–1.78, P = 0.016); and mortality, 2.2% versus 2.9% (RR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.59–1.06, P = 0.12), respectively.Conclusions:Among ACS patients treated with stents and thienopyridines, GPIs were associated with reduced myocardial infarction and revascularization. Minor, but not major bleeding was increased with GPIs. Mortality was similar between the groups. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Supporting information may be found in the online version of this articleThis work was supported by an unrestricted grant from the Florida Heart Research Institute, which had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation, manuscript writing, or decision to proceed with publication.Anthony A Bavry has received research support from Novartis Pharmaceuticals and serves as a contractor for American College of Cardiology Cardiosource. The other authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Preliminary indication of survival benefit from ERCC1 and RRM1‐tailored chemotherapy in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer: Evidence from an individual patient analysis
Authors: Simon George R. , Schell Michael J. , Begum Mubeena , Kim Jongphil , Chiappori Alberto , Haura Eric , Antonia Scott , Bepler Gerold 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Excision repair cross complementing 1 (ERCC1) and ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1) are molecular determinants that predict sensitivity or resistance to platinum agents and gemcitabine, respectively. Tailored therapy using these molecular determinants suggested patient benefit in a previously reported phase 2 trial. Here, we report an individual patient analysis of prospectively accrued patients who were treated with the “personalized therapy” approach versus other “standard,” noncustomized approaches.METHODS:Patients who had nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with extranodal metastatic disease and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0/1 were accrued to 4 phase 2 clinical trials conducted at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center: Trial A (first‐line carboplatin/gemcitabine followed by docetaxel), Trial B (docetaxel and gefitinib in patients aged ≥70 years), Trial C (combination therapy with carboplatin/paclitaxel/atrasentan), and Trial D (personalized therapy based on ERCC1 and RRM1 expression). Patients with low RRM1/low ERCC1 expression received gemcitabine/carboplatin, patients with low RRM1/high ERCC1 expression received gemcitabine/docetaxel, patients with high RRM1/low ERCC1 expression received docetaxel/carboplatin, and patients with high RRM1/high ERCC1 expression received vinorelbine/docetaxel. Patients who were treated on Trials A, B, and C were pooled together and analyzed as the “standard therapy” group. Patients accrued to Trial D were called the “personalized therapy” group. Individual patient data were updated as of February 8, 2011. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method.RESULTS:There were statistically significant improvements between the personalized therapy group versus the standard therapy group in response (44% vs 22%; P = .002), OS (median: 13.3 months vs 8.9 months; P = .016), and PFS (median: 7.0 months vs 4.3 months; P = .03).CONCLUSIONS:The results from individual patient analyses suggest that ERCC1 and RRM1/tailored selection of first‐line therapy improved survival over standard treatment‐selection approaches. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
ARVCF depletion cooperates with Tbx1 deficiency in the development of 22q11.2DS‐like phenotypes in Xenopus
Authors: Tran Hong Thi , Delvaeye Mieke , Verschuere Veerle , Descamps Emilie , Crabbe Ellen , Van Hoorebeke Luc , McCrea Pierre , Adriaens Dominique , Van Roy Frans , Vleminckx Kris 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a common dominant genetic disorder characterized by a heterozygous deletion of a cluster of genes on chromosome 22q11.2. TBX1, a transcription factor belonging to the T‐box gene family, is a key player in the syndrome. However, heterozygosity of Tbx1 in mouse models does not fully recapitulate the phenotypes characteristic of the disease, which may point to the involvement of other genes in the deleted chromosomal region. Hence, we investigated the contribution of the catenin ARVCF, another gene that is deleted in 22q11.2DS. During Xenopus development, ARVCF mRNA is expressed in the pharyngeal arches and depleting either ARVCF or Tbx1 results in delayed migration of the cranial neural crest cells and in defects in the craniofacial skeleton and aortic arches. Moreover, double depletion of ARVCF and Tbx1 revealed that they act cooperatively, indicating that decreased ARVCF levels may also contribute to 22q11.2DS‐associated phenotypes. Developmental Dynamics 240:2680–2687, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coordination and Catalytic Activity of Ruthenium Complexes Containing Tridentate P,N,O Ligands (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 31/2011)
Authors: Lee Chun‐Chin , Chu Wan‐Yi , Liu Yi‐Hong , Peng Shie‐Ming , Liu Shiuh‐Tzung 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows the catalytic conversion of amines or nitroarenes with alcohols into useful amino compounds by [P,N,O]‐RuII complexes in a one‐pot reaction, which is a sustainable cycle in organic synthesis. The ruthenium(II) complexes serving as catalysts in this work were prepared by complexation of RuII precursors with various [P,N,O] ligands and were characterized by spectroscopic methods and X‐ray crystallography. These investigations provided some insight into ligand effects on the metal ions. Details are discussed in the article by C.‐C. Lee et al. on p. 4801 ff.
On chip electrofusion of single human B cells and mouse myeloma cells for efficient hybridoma generation
Authors: Kemna Evelien W. M. , Wolbers Floor , Vermes Istvan , van den Berg Albert 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article describes the development and full characterization of a microfluidic chip for electrofusion of human peripheral blood B‐cells and mouse myeloma (NS‐1) cells to generate hybridomas. The chip consists of an array of 783 traps, with dimensions that were optimized to obtain a final cell pairing efficiency of 33±6%. B cells were stained with a cytoplasmic stain CFDA to assess the different stages of cell fusion, i.e. dye transfer to NS‐1 cells (initiating fusion) and membrane reorganization (advanced fusion). Six DC pulses of 100 μs (2.5 kV/cm) combined with an AC field (30 s, 2 MHz, 500 V/cm) and pronase treatment resulted in the highest electrofusion efficiency of paired cells (51±11%). Hybridoma formation, with a yield of 0.33 and 1.2%, was observed after culturing the fused cells for 14 days in conditioned medium. This work provides valuable leads to improve the current electrofusion protocols for the production of human antibodies for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Pregnancy‐induced chromatin remodeling in the breast of postmenopausal women
Authors: Russo Jose , Santucci‐Pereira Julia , de Cicco Ricardo López , Sheriff Fathima , Russo Patricia A. , Peri Suraj , Slifker Michael , Ross Eric , Mello Maria Luiza S. , Vidal Benedicto C. , Belitskaya‐Lévy Ilana , Arslan Alan , Zeleniuch‐Jacquotte Anne , Bordas Pal , Lenner Per , Ahman Janet , Afanasyeva Yelena , Hallmans Goran , Toniolo Paolo , Russo Irma H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEarly pregnancy and multiparity are known to reduce the risk of women to develop breast cancer at menopause. Based on the knowledge that the differentiation of the breast induced by the hormones of pregnancy plays a major role in this protection, this work was performed with the purpose of identifying what differentiation‐associated molecular changes persist in the breast until menopause. Core needle biopsies (CNB) obtained from the breast of 42 nulliparous (NP) and 71 parous (P) postmenopausal women were analyzed in morphology, immunocytochemistry and gene expression. Whereas in the NP breast, nuclei of epithelial cells were large and euchromatic, in the P breast they were small and hyperchromatic, showing strong methylation of histone 3 at lysine 9 and 27. Transcriptomic analysis performed using Affymetrix HG_U133 oligonucleotide arrays revealed that in CNB of the P breast, there were 267 upregulated probesets that comprised genes controlling chromatin organization, transcription regulation, splicing machinery, mRNA processing and noncoding elements including XIST. We concluded that the differentiation process induced by pregnancy is centered in chromatin remodeling and in the mRNA processing reactome, both of which emerge as important regulatory pathways. These are indicative of a safeguard step that maintains the fidelity of the transcription process, becoming the ultimate mechanism mediating the protection of the breast conferred by full‐term pregnancy.
The metastatic microenvironment: Brain‐residing melanoma metastasis and dormant micrometastasis
Authors: Izraely Sivan , Sagi‐Assif Orit , Klein Anat , Meshel Tsipi , Tsarfaty Galia , Pasmanik‐Chor Metsada , Nahmias Clara , Couraud Pierre‐Olivier , Ateh Eugene , Bryant Joseph L. , Hoon Dave S.B. , Witz Isaac P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBrain metastasis occurs frequently in melanoma patients with advanced disease whereby the prognosis is dismal. The underlying mechanisms of melanoma brain metastasis development are not well understood. We generated a reproducible melanoma brain metastasis model, consisting of brain‐metastasizing variants and local, subdermal variants that originate from the same melanomas thus sharing a common genetic background. The brain‐metastasizing variants were obtained by intracardiac inoculation. Brain metastasis variants when inoculated subdermally yielded spontaneous brain dormant micrometastasis. Cultured cells from the spontaneous brain micrometastasis grew very well in vitro and generated subdermal tumors after an orthotopic inoculation. Expression analysis assays indicated that the brain metastasis and micrometastasis cells expressed higher levels of angiopoietin‐like 4, prostaglandin‐synthesizing enzyme cyclooxygenase‐2, matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma and lower levels of claudin‐1 and cysteine‐rich protein 61 than the corresponding cutaneous variants. The reproducible models of human melanoma metastasizing experimentally and spontaneously to the brain will facilitate the identification of novel biomarkers and targets for therapy and contribute to the deciphering of mechanisms underlying melanoma metastasis.
Questioning the Separation of In‐School From Out‐of‐School Contexts for Literacy Learning: An Interview With Donna E. Alvermann
Authors: Alvermann Donna E. , Moore David W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDonna E. Alvermann, Distinguished Research Professor of Language and Literacy Education at the University of Georgia in Athens, received recognitions and honors as a scholar/leader in adolescent literacy. Her thoughts about contexts for literacy learning challenge that the divide between in‐ and out‐of‐school literacy learning is real and needs bridging. Alvermann sees educators creating learning conditions, especially with interactive multimodal communication technologies, that cannot be classified according to a particular context. She began questioning this divide while observing young people's discussions in classrooms and after‐school Read and Talk clubs. Educators can tap the potential in youth's multiple literacies as they pertain to motivation, self‐efficacy, and engagement. Educational researchers who share this view can increase what they say about learning in general. Metaphorically treating context as a sieve, rather than a structured, impermeable container, can open possibilities for questioning the assumption that literacy learning is qualitatively different in different contexts.
Crystal structures of the “two” 4‐aminofurazan‐3‐carboxylic acids
Authors: Willer Rodney L. , Storey Robson F. , Frisch Mark , Deschamps Jeffery R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe crystal structures of the two compounds reported to be 4‐aminofurazan‐3‐carboxylic acid have been determined. The compound reported by Sheremetev et al. (J Heterocycl Chem 2005, 42, 519) is the actual 4‐aminofurazan‐3‐carboxylic acid. The compound reported by Meyer (Org Prep Proced Int 2004, 36, 361) is the interesting complex formed from a molecule of the acid and a molecule of the potassium salt of the acid. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
Tentative identification of new metabolites of epimedin C by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Minyan , Zhao Shaohua , Wang Zongquan , Wang Hongtao , Shi Xiaowei , Lü Ziming , Xu Honghui , Wang Hairong , Du Yingfeng , Zhang Lantong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEpimedin C is one of the major bioactive constituents of Herba Epimedii. The aim of this study is to characterize and elucidate the structure of metabolites in the rat after administration of epimedin C. Metabolite identification was performed using a predictive multiple reaction monitoring–information dependent acquisition–enhanced product ion (pMRM‐IDA‐EPI) scan in positive ion mode on a hybrid triple quadrupole‐linear ion trap mass spectrometer. A total of 18 metabolites were characterized by the changes in their protonated molecular masses, their MS/MS spectrum and their retention times compared with those of the parent drug. The results reveal possible metabolite profiles of epimedin C in rats; the metabolic pathways including hydrolysis, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, demethylation and conjugation with glucuronic acid and different sugars were observed. This study provides a practical approach for rapidly identifying complicated metabolites, a methodology that could be widely applied for the structural characterization of metabolites of other compounds.
Chromosomal regions associated with prostate cancer risk localize to lamin B‐deficient microdomains and exhibit reduced gene transcription
Authors: Helfand Brian T , Wang Yuanyuan , Pfleghaar Katrin , Shimi Takeshi , Taimen Pekka , Shumaker Dale K 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe lamins are major determinants of nuclear shape and chromatin organization and these features are frequently altered in prostate cancer (CaP). Human CaP cell lines frequently have nuclear lobulations, which are enriched in A‐type lamins but lack B‐type lamins and have been defined as lamin B‐deficient microdomains (LDMDs). LDMD frequency is correlated with CaP cell line aggressiveness and increased cell motility. In addition, LNCaP cells grown in the presence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) show an increased frequency of LDMDs. The LDMDs are enriched in activated RNA polymerase II (Pol IIo) and androgen receptor (AR) and A‐type lamins form an enlarged meshwork that appears to co‐align with chromatin fibres and AR. Furthermore, fluorescence in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridization demonstrated that chromosomal regions associated with CaP susceptibility are preferentially localized to LDMDs. Surprisingly, these regions lack histone marks for transcript elongation and exhibit reduced BrU incorporation, suggesting that Pol II is stalled within LDMDs. Real‐time PCR of genes near androgen response elements (AREs) was used to compare transcription between cells containing LDMDs and controls. Genes preferentially localized to LDMDs showed significantly decreased expression, while genes in the main nuclear body were largely unaffected. Furthermore, LDMDs were observed in human CaP tissue and the frequency was correlated with increased Gleason grade. These results imply that lamins are involved in chromatin organization and Pol II transcription, and provide insights into the development and progression of CaP. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die Geschichte der α‐Adrenozeptor‐Agonisten
Authors: Starke Klaus 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDie Geschichte der α‐Adrenozeptor‐Agonisten reicht nicht so weit zurück wie die der α‐Adrenozeptor‐Antagonisten; letztere müsste man mit den Mutterkorn‐Vergiftungen des Mittelalters beginnen lassen. Die Zuordnung der beiden körpereigenen chemischen Signale Adrenalin und Noradrenalin zu den α‐Adrenozeptor‐Agonisten ist aber ein besonders prominentes Stück Wissenschaftsgeschichte.
α2‐Adrenozeptoren: Drei Subtypen für ein breites Wirkspektrum
Authors: Gilsbach Ralf , Preißl Sebastian , Hein Lutz 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDie Erkenntnisse der letzten Jahre haben entscheidend zum Verständnis der α2‐Adrenozeptor‐vermittelten Wirkungen beigetragen. Für zahlreiche Effekte konnten sowohl die beteiligten Subtypen als auch die involvierten zellulären Systeme und die intrazelluläre Signaltransduktion aufgeklärt werden. Auffällig ist die Prädominanz von α2‐Adrenozeptor‐Adrenozeporen auf nicht adrenergen Neuronen für die Agonist‐vermittelten Effekte. Die Hoffnung, die klinisch relevantesten Wirkungen durch subtypselektive Substanzen diskriminieren zu können, hat sich aufgrund der zentralen Rolle des α2A‐Adrenozeptorsubtyps leider bisher nicht erfüllt. Eine Ausnahme stellt eventuell die Blockade von α2C‐Adrenozeptoren zur Therapie neuropsychiatrischer Erkrankungen dar. Die Entschlüsselung der für die jeweiligen pharmakologischen Wirkungen essentiellen Zelltypen und Signalmechanismen wird eine entscheidende Voraussetzung für die Generierung neuer Pharmaka sein, die mit Subtyp‐Selektivität oder funktionaler Selektivität (“biased signaling”) spezifisch die α2‐Adrenozeptoren modulieren.
α2‐Agonisten und adrenerge Pharmaka bei ADHS
Authors: Clement Hans‐Willi , Schulz Eberhard 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDie Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‐Hyperaktivitätsstörung, kurz ADHS, ist eine der häufigsten Störungen in der Kinder‐ und Jugendpsychiatrie mit einer Prävalenz von ca. 5 bis 10 % aller Kinder‐ und Jugendlichen. Jungen sind dabei etwa 3‐ bis 4‐mal häufiger betroffen als Mädchen. Kernsymptome sind das Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit, die Hyperaktivität und andere Symptome wie gesteigerte Impulsivität und Störungen im Sozialverhalten. Die medikamentöse Therapie von ADHS im Kindes‐ und Jugendalter ist Baustein einer multimodalen Behandlung mit unterschiedlichen Therapieansätzen. Die α2‐adrenergen Agonisten Clonidin und Guanfacin sind in Deutschland bislang nicht zur Therapie der ADHS zugelassen, sie könnten jedoch zukünftig neben den Stimulanzien und anderen Pharmaka als weitere wirksame Therapieoptionen zur Behandlung von ADHS im Kindes‐ und Jugendalter eine wichtige Rolle spielen.
Die Natur als Apotheke gegen Tropenkrankheiten: Tirandamycin B gegen lymphatische Filariosen
Authors: Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: October 2011

AbstractInsgesamt kennt man acht Nematodenarten, die eine Filariose, eine Wurmkrankheit des Menschen, verursachen können. Zwei sind für die lymphatische Filariasis verantwortlich: Wucheria bancrofti steht für 90 Prozent der geschätzten 120 Millionen Fälle in 83 Ländern und Brugia malayi (zumeist in Südostasien) für die restlichen 10 Prozent (siehe Abb. 1). Insgesamt sind 1,3 Milliarden Menschen einem Infektionsrisiko ausgesetzt. Zudem gibt es noch Onchocerca volvulus, die bei ca. 37 Millionen Menschen in 34 Ländern (häufig Afrika) die Flussblindheit hervorruft, die bedeutendste Filariose.
Analysis of Cardamonin by Square Wave Voltammetry
Authors: Carvalho Ana M. , Gonçalves Luís M. , Valente Inês M. , Rodrigues José A. , Barros Aquiles A. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionSeveral biochemical studies have already shown that cardamonin has health promoting properties, such is in agreement with typical characteristics of chalcones. Although being a very promising compound for the nutraceutical field there is a lack of studies concerning its electroanalytical properties.ObjectiveTo develop an electroanalytical methodology for the quantification of cardamonin in cardamom.MethodologyCardamonin was analysed electrochemically by means of a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) using square wave voltammetry (SWV). It was extracted from cardamom spice and quantified thereafter using the standard additions method to overcome matrix effects.ResultsA limit of detection (LOD) of 0.15 mg/L and good linearity (r2 = 0.9998) were obtained. Decoction using ethanol as the extraction solvent appears to be the simplest extraction technique. Spectrophotometric analysis (maximum absorbance peak was found in ethanol at 344 nm with a value of molar extinction coefficient of (2.8 ± 0.1) × 104 L mol−1 cm−1) and mass spectrometry analysis by electrospray in the positive ion mode were also performed.ConclusionCardamonin was detected voltammetrically. The LOD and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the proposed voltammetric methodology are adequate for trace analysis of this compound in several phytochemical matrices. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.