bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic characterization of enterovirus 71 isolated from patients with severe disease by comparative analysis of complete genomes
Authors: Chang Shih‐Cheng , Li Wen‐Chen , Chen Guang‐Wu , Tsao Kuo‐Chien , Huang Chung‐Guei , Huang Yhu‐Chering , Chiu Cheng‐Hsun , Kuo Chen‐Yen , Tsai Kun‐Nan , Shih Shin‐Ru , Lin Tzou‐Yien 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEnterovirus 71 (EV71) which causes mild illness in children is also associated with severe neurological complications. This study analyzed the complete genomes of EV71 strains derived from mild and severe diseases in order to determine whether the differences of EV71 genomes were responsible for different clinical presentations. Compared to complete genomes of EV71 strains derived from mild cases (less virulent strains), nucleotide differences in EV71 strains isolated from severe cases (more virulent strains) were observed primarily in the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) of the 5′‐untranslated region (UTR), which is vital for the cap‐independent translation of viral proteins. In the protein‐coding region, an E–Q substitution at amino acid position 145 of structural protein VP1 that occurred in more than one of more virulent strains was observed. This site is known to be related functionally to receptor binding and virulence in mice. Overall, strains (Group III) isolated from patients with fatal or severe sequelae outcomes had greater sequence substitutions in the 5′‐UTR and/or protein‐coding region and exhibited a relatively low‐average homology to less virulent strains across the entire genome, indicating the possibility of significant genomic diversity in the most virulent EV71 strains. Further studies of EV71 pathogenesis should examine the significance of genomic diversity and the effects of multiple mutations in a viral population. J. Med. Virol. 84:931–939, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The relationship between the decline of Southeastern Australian rainfall and the strengthening of the subtropical ridge
Authors: Timbal B. , Drosdowsky W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDuring the 20th century and early 21st century, the subtropical ridge (STR) in the vicinity of eastern Australia has intensified significantly. While the position of the STR has often been the focus of past studies, its influence on rainfall across southern Australia is less pronounced than the influence of the intensity of the ridge. Most of the Australian continent has experienced above average rainfall from 1997 to 2009, but areas of below average rainfall, including southeastern Australia (SEA), exist and tend to match the pattern of the influence of the STR on Australian rainfall. The spatial extent makes the 1997–2009 rainfall deficit in SEA different from previous dry decades such as 1935–1945. It is also noted that the annual cycle of the rainfall deficiency centred on a continuum from March to October overlaps well with the time of the year when the STR intensity has a strong influence on rainfall. Using simple linear statistics, a rainfall decline for the period 1997–2009 equivalent to nearly two thirds of that observed can be inferred from the intensification of the ridge. The apparent southward shift of the ridge in certain seasons does not appear to have had an additional effect on SEA rainfall. During the 1935–1945 drought, almost a third of the rainfall decline can be attributed to the strengthening of the ridge. Finally, it was observed that the intensification of the STR was not monotonic during the 20th century but happened mostly during two extended periods: from 1900 to the 1940s, culminating at the time of the 1935–1945 dry decade, and from 1970 to 2010 culminating with the 1997–2009 rainfall deficit in SEA. That multidecadal behaviour is reminiscent of the global warming of the planet. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Identification and management of a single large population of wild dromedary camels
Authors: Spencer Peter B. S. , Giustiniano Danielle , Hampton Jordan O. , Gee Phil , Burrows Neil , Rose Ken , Martin Gary R. , Woolnough Andrew P. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) is a significant invasive species in Australia. It is an unusual pest species that is of large body size with relatively low fecundity compared with other pest species. Camels are highly adapted to the arid regions that characterize a large proportion of Australia and occupy an almost completely undisturbed area of ≥3 million km2. They have no history of invasion elsewhere in the world. Despite this, their population has been expanding at approximately 80,000 camels per annum, with the most recent estimate of population size around 1,000,000 individuals. We employed a landscape‐genetic approach to evaluate the population structure and molecular ecology of Australian camels. We combined mitochondrial control region sequence (n = 209 animals) with 18 microsatellite markers to profile over 800 adult camels to identify the presence of a single panmictic population. We showed that demographically defined neighborhoods for wild camels are about 200 km; this value was supported by home range estimates. Distances greater than this display no pattern of isolation by distance across the Australian continent. The result is the largest single geographical population so far recorded for an invasive species in Australia. This pattern may be explained by the impressive and near‐nomadic dispersal pattern of camels, in combination with an unpredictable environment virtually devoid of barriers to movement and predatory suppression. Although it is technically feasible, the reality is that it would not be economically or politically viable to have continental eradication of wild camels in Australia because of the vast size and movement dynamics of the camel population. As such, we advocate a change away from an expensive solution to an intractable reduction program (that is almost entirely focused on protection of biological refugia) and moves to include cultural, economic, and biodiversity asset protection for the management of this most unorthodox of invasive species. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Gradient system characterization by impulse response measurements with a dynamic field camera
Authors: Vannesjo Signe J. , Haeberlin Maximilan , Kasper Lars , Pavan Matteo , Wilm Bertram J. , Barmet Christoph , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis work demonstrates a fast, sensitive method of characterizing the dynamic performance of MR gradient systems. The accuracy of gradient time‐courses is often compromised by field imperfections of various causes, including eddy currents and mechanical oscillations. Characterizing these perturbations is instrumental for corrections by pre‐emphasis or post hoc signal processing. Herein, a gradient chain is treated as a linear time‐invariant system, whose impulse response function is determined by measuring field responses to known gradient inputs. Triangular inputs are used to probe the system and response measurements are performed with a dynamic field camera consisting of NMR probes. In experiments on a whole‐body MR system, it is shown that the proposed method yields impulse response functions of high temporal and spectral resolution. Besides basic properties such as bandwidth and delay, it also captures subtle features such as mechanically induced field oscillations. For validation, measured response functions were used to predict gradient field evolutions, which was achieved with an error below 0.2%. The field camera used records responses of various spatial orders simultaneously, rendering the method suitable also for studying cross‐responses and dynamic shim systems. It thus holds promise for a range of applications, including pre‐emphasis optimization, quality assurance, and image reconstruction. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parallel and partial Fourier imaging with prospective motion correction
Authors: Banerjee Suchandrima , Beatty Philip J. , Zhang Jian Z. , Shankaranarayanan Ajit 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSubject motion during scan is a major source of artifacts in MR examinations. Prospective motion correction is a promising technique that tracks subject motion and adjusts the imaging volume in real time; however, additional retrospective correction may be necessary to achieve robust image quality and compatibility with other imaging options. Real‐time realignment of the imaging volume by prospective motion correction changes the coil sensitivity weighting and the field inhomogeneity relative to the imaging volume. This can pose image reconstruction problems with parallel imaging and partial Fourier imaging, which rely on coil sensitivity and image phase information, respectively. This work presents a practical method for reconstructing images acquired using prospective motion correction with parallel imaging and/or partial Fourier imaging. Our proposed approach is data driven and noniterative; data are binned into several position bins based on motion measurements made during the prospective motion correction acquisition and the data in each bin are processed through intrabin operations such as parallel imaging reconstruction (in case of undersampling), phase correction, and coil combination before combination of the position bins. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique through simulation studies and in vivo experiments using a prospectively motion‐corrected three‐dimensional fast spin echo sequence. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regional effects of magnetization dispersion on quantitative perfusion imaging for pulsed and continuous arterial spin labeling
Authors: Çavuşoğlu Mustafa , Pohmann Rolf , Burger Harold Christopher , Uludağ Kâmil 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMost experiments assume a global transit delay time with blood flowing from the tagging region to the imaging slice in plug flow without any dispersion of the magnetization. However, because of cardiac pulsation, nonuniform cross‐sectional flow profile, and complex vessel networks, the transit delay time is not a single value but follows a distribution. In this study, we explored the regional effects of magnetization dispersion on quantitative perfusion imaging for varying transit times within a very large interval from the direct comparison of pulsed, pseudo‐continuous, and dual‐coil continuous arterial spin labeling encoding schemes. Longer distances between tagging and imaging region typically used for continuous tagging schemes enhance the regional bias on the quantitative cerebral blood flow measurement causing an underestimation up to 37% when plug flow is assumed as in the standard model. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quasi‐average mean square consensus for wireless sensor networks under three topologies with respect to sleeping‐awaking method
Authors: Zhou Wuneng , Mou Jinping , Wang Tianbo , Ji Chuan , Fang Jian'an 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYThe quasi‐average mean square consensus problem for wireless sensor networks is studied in this paper. The related networks considered are time continuous and linear, and possess the leader–follower structures in which some sensors act as leaders and the others act as followers, with the locale information controlled. Three different leader–follower structures are proposed in this paper. The first one is the topology with fixed leaders and varying followers which arrives at a quasi‐average mean square consensus by applying the sleeping‐awaking method to all cliques of the followers. The second one is the topology with fixed leaders and fixed followers which arrives at a quasi‐average value consensus via the general protocol. The third one is the topology with varying leaders and fixed followers which arrives at a quasi‐average mean square consensus by applying the sleeping‐awaking method to all cliques of the leaders. For mentioned three topologies, some necessity and sufficiency conditions of the related consensus are obtained, respectively. To illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results, some numerical examples are presented finally. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suicidal ideation and thought disorder associated with the formoterol component of combined asthma medication
Authors: del Rosario Mary Anne , Bender Bruce G. , White Carl W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCombination inhaled asthma medications containing corticosteroids and long‐acting beta‐adrenergic (LABA) agents are generally well tolerated, although a small minority of children receiving them may develop side‐effects. Herein is reported a case of a 9‐year‐old boy who developed insomnia, pressured speech, agitation, and suicidal ideation within the 1st month after initiating formoterol + budesonide. He had not received oral glucocorticoids for >90 days. All symptoms resolved within 48 hr upon discontinuing formoterol while continuing budesonide. To our knowledge, this is the first report of childhood suicidal ideation strongly associated with use of a combination inhaled corticosteroid/LABA. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:102–103. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structures and electrical properties of a new molecular conductor (BSM‐TTP)4(PF6)3(C6H5Cl)2
Authors: Tsuji Hiroya , Yasuda Misaki , Shirahata Takashi , Fujiwara Hideki , Sugimoto Toyonari , Misaki Yohji 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe title salt, where BSM‐TTP is 2‐[4,5‐bis(methylseleno)‐1,3‐dithiol‐2‐ylidene]‐5‐(1,3‐dithiol‐2‐ylidene)‐1,3,4,6‐tetrathiapentalene, was prepared. The X‐ray structure analysis reveals that the donors form teramerized columns, each of which is connected through an edge‐to‐edge chalcogen interaction. A tight‐binding band calculation suggests that this salt is a semi‐metal with small Fermi surfaces. Indeed, this salt exhibited high conductivity of σrt = 25 S cm‐1 at room temperature, and showed metallic conducting behaviour down to TMI = 170 K. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spectroscopic studies of charge localization in organic metals (DMtTTF)2X (X = ClO4, ReO4)
Authors: Jankowski Damian , Świetlik Roman , Fourmigué Marc , Reinheimer Eric W. , Jeannin Olivier 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe report on IR and Raman investigations of two isostructural quasi‐one‐dimensional charge‐transfer salts (DMtTTF)2X (X= ClO4, ReO4) with strictly regular conducting stacks. At room temperature the salts show metallic properties and below Tρ = 100‐150 K they undergo a transition to the semiconducting state. Polarized infrared reflectance (700‐16000 cm‐1) and Raman spectra (50‐3500 cm‐1) of single crystals were measured in the temperature range T = 5‐300 K. Additionally, vibrational spectra of neutral DMtTTF were also measured. Closer inspection of each salt's Raman spectra reveals that the charge distribution among the partially oxidized DMtTTF donors within the quasi‐one‐dimensional stacks remains uniform throughout the whole temperature range. The IR electronic plasma‐edge‐like dispersion can be well fitted with a Lorentz dielectric function, typical for semiconducting materials. Infrared vibrational features related to C=C stretching indicate significant electron‐molecular vibration coupling. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solitonic waves in polyene dications and principles of charge carrier localization in π‐conjugated organic materials
Authors: Gerasov Andrii O. , Nayyar Iffat H. , Masunov Artëm E. , Przhonska Olga V. , Kachkovsky Olexiy D. , Melnyk Dmytro O. , Ryabitsky Olexiy B. , Viniychuk Olexander O. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe quantum‐chemical investigations by ab initio method (restricted Hartree–Fock/6‐31G**) have been performed for a series of unsubstituted, monosubstituted, and disubstituted neutral polyenes and their double charged cations. The waves of charge alternation (characterized by the difference in the electron densities at the nearest carbon atoms or Δq function) and bond length alternation (characterized by the lengths difference of the nearest carbon–carbon bonds or Δl function) are reported. Comparisons are made with the corresponding monocationic polymethine molecules. We found that ionization by two electrons results in formation of two solitonic waves of charge alternation, rather than superposition of two overlapping solitonic waves into one. These waves behave similar to two independent elastic particles, which do not penetrate into each other despite the special confinement by the length of chromophore π‐system. In monosubstituted polyene dication, Δq and Δl functions contain two waves each; however, only one wave is mobile and sensitive to a change of the chemical nature of the terminal group, whereas the second wave remains practically unchanged. The introduction of one oxymethyl or phenyl terminal groups leads to a relatively small shift of the mobile wave from the center to a direction of the terminal group. The effect of the amino or tropilium terminal groups is much more pronounced and leads to a shift of the mobile wave to the end of the molecule. In disubstituted polyene dication, both solitonic waves become mobile and shift symmetrically to both ends. The general principles of the charge localization described in this study may be used in molecular design and fine‐tuning of the charge transport properties in plastic photovoltaics and other organic semiconducting materials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A quantum chemistry study of Ds–Pa unnatural DNA base pair
Authors: Otsuka Takao , Miyazaki Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe have performed density functional theory and MP2 calculations of the unnatural DNA base pair, Ds–Pa, (7‐(2‐thienyl)‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (Ds) and pyrrole‐2‐carbaldehyde (Pa)) in the gas phase. By calculating the interaction energy curve of Ds–Pa pair as a function of intermolecular distance, we have found that the interaction energy between Ds and Pa molecules is very weak. The detailed analysis of the structural properties of the optimized Ds–Pa pair has been also used and compared with those of A–T and G–C natural base pairs. These results clearly show that the Ds–Pa pair does not have any hydrogen bonds and suggest that the pair selectivity in the Ds–Pa pair mainly comes from the interaction of Ds or Pa molecules with other parts in DNA or RNA, such as upper or lower natural bases, sugar phosphate backbones, and water molecules. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of the methylation degree on the rate constants of the •OH addition to alkenes and its temperature dependence
Authors: Castañeda‐Arriaga Romina , Alvarez‐Idaboy J. Raul 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe increase of the rate constants with the degree of methylation and the negative temperature dependence in the·OH + alkenes reactions has been investigated using the CCSD(T)/6‐311++G(2d,2p)//BHandHLYP/aug‐cc‐pVTZ potential energy surface and the canonical transition state theory. Our results show that the pre‐exponential factor has positive temperature dependence for all the studied reactions. The experimental finding that the reaction rates augment as temperature decreases and the methylation degree increases is explained by the effective negative enthalpy of activation due to a complex mechanism, as first proposed by Singleton and Cvetanovic. The excellent agreement between the calculated and experimental rate constants at 298.15 K strongly supports our conclusions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thevicariouswisdom of crowds: toward a behavioral perspective on investor reactions to acquisition announcements
Authors: Schijven Mario , Hitt Michael A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAlthough event‐study methodology is invaluable to strategic management research, we argue that the traditional financial economic rationale on which it is based has led scholars to assume away the behavioral mechanisms underlying investor reactions. Building on behavioral theory from management, psychology, and economics, we set out to develop a behavioral perspective on investor reactions to acquisition announcements—one that relaxes the assumption of investors making objective, rational‐deductive calculations. Given the information asymmetry they face, we theorize that investors (1) infer management's perception of an acquisition's synergistic potential from the premium it pays, and (2) draw on additional public information to assess the reliability of that perception. Using a multi‐industry sample of acquisitions by North American firms, we find considerable support for our behavioral framework. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular biology of the InsP3Rs: focus on brain function in health and disease
Authors: Hisatsune Chihiro , Mikoshiba Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is a large tetrameric intracellular Ca2+ channel composed of four 313‐kD subunits and is localized mainly on the endoplasmic reticulum. When IP3 is produced by diverse physiological stimuli and binds to IP3R, Ca2+ is released from internal stores and triggers complex intracellular Ca2+ dynamics in many types of cells. These complex Ca2+ oscillations stimulated by IP3R are regulated by endogenous IP3R modulators, including ATP, phosphorylation, and many IP3R‐associated proteins, and contribute to diverse physiological processes such as development, synaptic plasticity, fertilization, and apoptosis. However, disruption of this regulatory process results in alterations in Ca2+ signaling via IP3Rs, which can impair cell homeostasis, leading to various pathological processes. This review will focus on the role and regulation of IP3R in the brain and the potential link between abnormal IP3R‐mediated Ca2+ signaling and brain diseases such as Huntington's and Alzheimer's disease and spinocerebellar ataxia. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:589–604. doi: 10.1002/wmts.48For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Surgery, Fame, and Misfortune: The Life of Bronisław Kader
Authors: Magowska Anita 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBronisław Kader (1863–1937) introduced one of the traditional methods of gastrostomy. He was a Polish doctor who had been trained by such eminent surgeons as Ernst von Bergmann, Otto E. Küstner, Jan Mikulicz, and Eduard von Wahl. The Kader method implies blunt division of the left rectus muscle and opening of the stomach by a very small incision. A drainage tube is then inserted and fastened to the stomach wall by a stitch. Next, the stomach wall is sutured to the abdominal wall in a manner that places the tube in a tunnel surrounded by serosa. In comparison to others, Kader’s method of gastrostomy was considered simpler, cheaper (fewer stitches), speedy, and safe. Although recommendations to perform gastric fistula were limited at the time, the value of gastrostomy remains undisputable. This is a method of choice for securing alimentation in cases of intractable stenosis of the pharynx or esophagus, which are usually due to cancer, chemical burns, trauma, or congenital defects. Nowadays, it is performed endoscopically or laparoscopically. This article presents the life history of Bronisław Kader, the eponymous of this method and a gifted surgeon who lost his eyesight at the height of his fame.