bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of AMPA Receptors in CSD‐Induced Impairment of LTP in the Hippocampus
Authors: Maneepark Montree , Srikiatkhachorn Anan , Bongsebandhu‐phubhakdi Saknan 
Published: July 2012

Objective.— To investigate the alteration of hippocampal long‐term plasticity and basal synaptic transmission induced by repetitive cortical spreading depressions (CSDs).Background.— There is a relationship between migraine aura and amnesia attack. CSD, a state underlying migraine attacks, may be responsible for hippocampus‐related symptoms. However, the precise role of CSD on hippocampal activity has not been investigated.Methods.— Male Wistar rats were divided into CSD and control groups. Repetitive CSDs were induced in vivo by topical application of solid KCl. Forty‐five minutes later, the ipsilateral hippocampus was removed, and hippocampal slices were prepared for a series of electrophysiological studies.Results.— Repetitive CSDs led to a decrease in the magnitude of long‐term potentiation in the hippocampus. CSD also reduced hippocampal synaptic efficacy, as shown by a reduction in post‐synaptic α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor responses. In contrast, the post‐synaptic N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor responses remained unchanged. In addition, there were no changes in paired‐pulse profiles between the groups, indicating that CSD did not induce any presynaptic alterations.Conclusion.— These findings suggest that a reduction of post‐synaptic α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor responses is the mechanism responsible for impaired hippocampal long‐term potentiation induced by CSD.
Rehabilitation after Surgical Treatment for Retinoblastoma: Ocular Prosthesis for a 6‐Month‐Old Child
Authors: Goel Gaurav K. , Jain Deshraj , Goel Dhirja , Juneja Pankul 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMaxillofacial prosthetic (MFP) rehabilitation can be especially challenging in a young, precooperative, or behaviorally compromised child presenting with an enucleated eye. Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood and is one of the most common pediatric cancers. Treatment consists of enucleation (or removal of the entire globe) followed by placement of orbital implants. Unrestored anopthalmic sockets exhibit growth retardation and can lead to facial disfigurement. This report describes the challenges faced during rehabilitation of a 6‐month‐old girl with an anophthalmic socket due to enucleation for retinoblastoma. The objective of the MFP team was to provide a custom‐built, acrylic ocular prosthesis in as comfortable and atraumatic manner as possible. The case was a success and underscores the value of a multidisciplinary dental approach for the treatment of children with very special needs.
Medical emergency education using a robot patient in a dental setting
Authors: Tanzawa T. , Futaki K. , Kurabayashi H. , Goto K. , Yoshihama Y. , Hasegawa T. , Yamamoto M. , Inoue M. , Miyazaki T. , Maki K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIntroductionIn an ageing society, the frequency of medical emergencies in a dental setting appears to be increasing because of a growing number of medically compromised patients. However, we currently have no dental‐specific simulation environment with advanced reproducibility for medical emergencies. Therefore, we used the robot patient in objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) for testing student competence in emergency management. This study aimed to evaluate student responses to medical emergencies in the dental setting.Material and MethodsWe used 98 fifth‐grade dental students at Showa University as subjects and implemented the OSCE task entitled ‘Management of medical emergency using a robot patient’. Candidates were asked to manage an emergency situation immediately after local anaesthesia, with one robot patient configured to develop vasovagal syncope and the other to experience adrenaline hypersensitivity. A questionnaire on the educational value of the robot patient was completed after the examination.ResultsThirty‐two per cent of students could not accurately count her pulse because of an inappropriate method. Moreover, 78% could not correctly attach either the tonometer or pulse oximetry to the patient. Accurate diagnoses were given by only 22% of students, with vasovagal syncope diagnosed by 33% and adrenaline hypersensitivity by 8%. From a questionnaire, 78% of students recognised the usefulness of the robot patient in medical emergency training.ConclusionWe found that student responses to the emergency situation were poor. The robot patient is useful in dental education for medical emergency training and assessment not only for situation management but also for differential diagnosis.
Effects of Polycan, a β‐glucan, on experimental periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Kim Y. S. , Kang S. J. , Kim J. W. , Cho H. R. , Moon S. B. , Kim K. Y. , Lee H. S. , Han C. H. , Ku S. K. , Lee Y. J. 
Published: July 2012

Kim YS, Kang SJ, Kim JW, Cho HR, Moon SB, Kim KY, Lee HS, Han CH, Ku SK, Lee YJ. Effects of Polycan, a β‐glucan, on experimental periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in Sprague‐Dawley rats. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 800–810. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  Polycan is a promising candidate for the treatment of periodontal disease. This study was undertaken to examine whether Polycan, a type of β‐glucan, has a protective effect on ligature‐induced experimental periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss in Sprague‐Dawley rats.Material and Methods:  Polycan was orally administered, daily, for 10 d, at 21.25, 42.5 or 85 mg/kg, beginning 1 d after ligation. Changes in body weight and alveolar bone loss were monitored, and the anti‐inflammatory effects of Polycan were determined by measuring the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in gingival tissue. We also evaluated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as a measure of the antioxidant effect.Results:  Ligature placement led to a marked decrease in body weight, increased alveolar bone loss and increased concentrations of MPO, IL‐1β, TNF‐α and MDA, as well as increased iNOS activity and inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased collagen‐fiber content. Histological examination revealed increases in the number and activity of osteoclast cells, decreases in alveolar bone volume and elevated percentages of osteclasts on the alveolar bone surface. Daily oral treatment with 42.5 or 85 mg/kg of Polycan for 10 d led to significant, dose‐dependent inhibition of the effect of ligature placement.Conclusion:  Taken together, these results suggest that 10 d of oral treatment with Polycan effectively inhibits ligature placement‐induced periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss via an antioxidant effect.
Immunomorphological Changes in the Rhesus Monkey Endometrium and Decidua During the Menstrual Cycle and Early Pregnancy
Authors: Bondarenko Gennadiy I. , Durning Maureen , Golos Thaddeus G. 
Published: July 2012

ProblemThroughout the reproductive cycle and into early pregnancy, the normal endometrium undergoes changes in a range of leukocytes, epithelia, stromal fibroblasts, and vascular structures caused by intersecting effects of hormone balance and embryo implantation. The direct investigation in humans of reproductive tract responses during normal and physiologically altered cycles is not practical or feasible.Method and StudyThe aim of this study was to define immunological and morphological changes through immunohistological and morphometric evaluation of the endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle and the decidua during early gestation in the rhesus monkey, a tractable experimental animal model.ResultsA zone‐dependent method for the immunohistological description of the rhesus uterine mucosa was established and showed that leukocyte infiltration, stromal cell decidualization, glandular and vascular responses were zone‐ and cell type‐dependent, and changed throughout the cycle and early pregnancy. Morphological heterogeneity of uterine natural killer cells in the cycling endometrium and gestational decidua were consistent with the recent characterization of phenotypic subsets.ConclusionsThese data establish a morphological platform upon which to further study the regulation of endometrial responses to the hormonal mileau of pregnancy, the control of local leukocyte populations, and the responses to threatened pregnancy, infection, and inflammation.
Do parents understand the medical information provided in paediatric emergency departments? A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Chappuy Hélène , Taupin Pierre , Dimet Jérôme , Claessens Yann Erick , Tréluyer Jean‐Marc , Chéron Gerard ,   the GFRUP
Published: July 2012

AbstractAim:  We evaluated the extent to which parents understood the medical information about hospitalization of their child in an emergency department and looked for characteristics likely to increase the risk of poor comprehension.Methods:  Prospective multicenter study in thirteen paediatric emergency departments. The parents and doctors completed questionnaires based on closed‐ended questions with a common core of four items: reasons of hospitalization, diagnosis, treatment and seriousness of child condition. We evaluated concordance between parents and doctor answers for these items by comparing their responses.Results:  This study included 380 parents. Percentage of concordance was 55% for the reason of hospitalization, 78% for the diagnosis, 92% for the treatment, 48% for the seriousness of the condition and 19% for all four items. The mean number of concordant items was 2.76 (CI 95%, 2.66–2.86). Parents whose children seemed not in pain and parents who received additional information from the nurse showed significantly slightly higher levels of concordance with doctor’s answers (2.98 vs 2.66, p = 0.006 and 2.89 vs 2.60, p = 0.004, respectively).Conclusion:  This study shows that improvements are required in the clarity of the information delivered to the parents. The assistance of nurses and optimal pain management may help to improve communication.
Relative Effects of Alcohol and pH on Betacyanin Stability in Aqueous Djulis Extracts and Their Color Qualities after Organic Acid Addition
Authors: Narkprasom Kanjana , Su Wei‐Lin , Cheng Ming‐Yueh , Wang Shao‐Pin , Hsiao Shu‐Mien , Tsai Pi‐Jen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDjulis is a Taiwanese cereal plant containing betacyanin pigment. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relative effect of ethanol (10–80%) and pH (3.5 and 5.5) on pigment stability in aqueous extracts of Djulis. Organic acids were further used to investigate their effects on color protection. All samples were thermally processed (60C, 30 min) and stored (25C, 21 days) after pigment regeneration (4C, 24 h). Results showed that ethanol promoted the pigment degradation in Djulis extract. The hypsochromic shift (decrease of λmax) and isomerization of the pigment were more pronounced in the systems with higher ethanol concentrations. At a fixed concentration of ethanol, betacyanin was more stable at pH 5.5 than that at pH 3.5. A stronger dependence of the discoloration on the ethanol concentration was found and explained by the competing result between ethanol–water mixing and ethanol–betacyanin interaction. This effect was lowest in pH 5.5 samples at 20% ethanol concentration. Statistical analysis indicated that pigment degradation was affected more by ethanol concentrations than by pH. Addition of 1% ascorbic acid exhibited the best pigment protection and explained by its best interaction with ethanol in the system.Practical ApplicationsDjulis, high in nutrient and physiochemical attributes, is a traditional food for aboriginals in Taiwan. They are used as a wine starter due to their high amylase activity. Their beautiful color, mainly comes from betacyanin, in the hull was not stable and was discarded as wastes. Due to high demand by the consumer for more natural food products, the trend toward replacement of synthetic colorants by natural product has been increasing. Betacyanin pigment could be a good candidate for natural colorants in some alcoholic beverages. Our findings in this study provided the information of how to maintain the pigment stability in betacyanin‐containing beverages by proper alcohol and pH control, which is necessary for the Djulis wine industry.
Characterization and Comparison of Spoilage Processes in Fresh Pork and Poultry
Authors: Bruckner Stefanie , Albrecht Antonia , Petersen Brigitte , Kreyenschmidt Judith 
Published: July 2012

AbstractStorage tests were conducted to identify and compare factors influencing the growth of Pseudomonas spp. as specific spoilage organism on fresh pork and poultry. Besides the extrinsic factor, temperature, the intrinsic factors, pH‐value, aw‐value, Warner‐Bratzler shear force (WBSF), d‐glucose, L‐lactic acid, fat and protein content were analyzed. The growth of Pseudomonas spp. was clearly dependent on temperature, with faster growth at higher temperatures. Furthermore, growth was faster on fresh poultry than on fresh pork resulting in shorter shelf lives at constant temperatures from 2 to 15C. Almost all of the investigated intrinsic factors were significantly different (P < 0.05) for fresh pork and poultry (except aw‐value and L‐lactic acid). Pseudomonas spp. counts correlated significantly to all investigated parameters in pork except WBSF and to four of the seven parameters in poultry (pH, aw, d‐glucose, L‐lactic acid). However, magnitudes of these correlations were low, which indicates minor influences on shelf life.Practical ApplicationsEarly spoilage of fresh meat can lead to food waste and thereby economic losses as well as the loss of consumer confidence. Until now, there have been no previous detailed studies describing and comparing different intrinsic and extrinsic parameters and their influence on the growth of Pseudomonas spp. as specific spoilage organism in different types of meat. Understanding the main impact factors on shelf life of fresh pork and poultry is a prerequisite for the development of methods and tools for improving processes in meat supply chains. In particular, the results can serve as a basis for the development of mathematical models that can predict the shelf life and remaining shelf life of both meat types.
Maternal Obesity and Gestational Weight Gain in Rural Versus Urban Dwelling Women in South Carolina
Authors: Gallagher Alexa , Liu Jihong , Probst Janice C. , Martin Amy B. , Hall Jeffrey W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurpose: An unhealthy prepregnancy weight and/or gaining an inappropriate amount of weight during pregnancy increase the risk for poor pregnancy and birth outcomes. To our knowledge, no studies to date have examined differences in prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) patterns by rurality.Methods: The 2004‐2006 South Carolina birth certificate data (n = 132,795) were used. Rurality of residence was determined using Rural‐Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes. Mothers were categorized as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5‐24.9), overweight (25.0‐29.9), and obese (≥30.0) using their prepregnancy BMI and as having inadequate, adequate, or excessive GWG according to the Institute of Medicine's 2009 GWG guidelines. Chi‐square tests and adjusted multinomial logistic regression were used in analysis.Findings: Rural women had higher odds of being overweight and obese compared to urban women. This relationship was found to be partially explained by the higher proportion of minorities living in rural areas. The relationship between GWG and residence type varied by BMI category. Specifically, among normal weight women, rural women had increased odds of inadequate GWG. Among overweight women, rural women had decreased odds of excessive GWG. In obese women, rural women had decreased odds of both inadequate and excessive GWG.Conclusions: Rural women were more likely to have an unhealthy prepregnancy weight than urban women. However, rural residence was found to be protective against unhealthy GWG in overweight and obese women. Future research exploring reasons for these findings and confirmation of these results in other populations is necessary.
Enalodroma hepatica (Erichson) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) new to Korea
Authors: Lee Seung‐Gyu , Ahn Kee‐Jeong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe genus Enalodroma Thomson and its single described species, E. hepatica (Erichson), are documented for the first time in Korea. A redescription, habitus photograph and illustrations of the diagnostic characters are provided.
New insights into the northward migration route of gray whales between Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and southeastern Alaska
Authors: Ford John K. B. , Durban John W. , Ellis Graeme M. , Towers Jared R. , Pilkington James F. , Barrett‐Lennard Lance G. , Andrews Russel D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe route taken by northward migrating gray whales during spring between Vancouver Island and southeastern Alaska, a distance of about 575 km, has long been uncertain. It is generally believed that the whales closely follow the western, outer coastline of Haida Gwaii (formerly the Queen Charlotte Islands), an archipelago lying between Vancouver Island and southeastern Alaska, consistent with their pattern of migrating close to shore over the majority of their northward migratory corridor. By tracking satellite‐tagged individuals and surveying whales from shore bases, we provide evidence that this is not the primary migratory corridor, but instead that most whales migrate through Hecate Strait and Dixon Entrance, broad waterways that lie to the east and north of Haida Gwaii. By using this route, northbound gray whales potentially face a wider range of industrial activities and developments than they would by migrating along the outer coast.
Exposure to an environmental estrogen breaks down sexual isolation between native and invasive species
Authors: Ward Jessica L. , Blum Michael J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEnvironmental change can increase the likelihood of interspecific hybridization by altering properties of mate recognition and discrimination between sympatric congeners. We examined how exposure to an environmentally widespread endocrine‐disrupting chemical (EDC), bisphenol A (BPA), affected visual communication signals and behavioral isolation between an introduced freshwater fish and a native congener (genus: Cyprinella). Exposure to BPA induced changes in the expression of male secondary traits as well as male and female mate choice, leading to an overall reduction in prezygotic isolation between congeners. Changes in female mate discrimination were not tightly linked to changes in male phenotypic traits, suggesting that EDC exposure may alter female choice thresholds independently of the effects of exposure on males. These findings indicate that environmental exposure to EDCs can lead to population declines via the erosion of species boundaries and by promoting the establishment and spread of non‐native species via hybridization.
Rapid identification of chloroplast haplotypes using High Resolution Melting analysis
Authors: DANG XIAO‐DONG , KELLEHER COLIN T. , HOWARD‐WILLIAMS EMMA , MEADE CONOR V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe have evaluated High Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis as a method for one‐step haplotype identification in phylogeographic analysis. Using two adjoined internal amplicons (c. 360 and 390 bp) at the chloroplast rps16 intron (c. 750 bp) we applied HRM to identify haplotypes in 21 populations of two European arctic‐alpine herb species Arenaria ciliata and Arenaria norvegica (Caryophyllaceae). From 446 accessions studied, 20 composite rps16 haplotypes were identified by the melting‐curve protocol, 18 of which could be identified uniquely. In a comparative sensitivity analysis with in silico PCR‐RFLP, only seven of these 20 haplotypes could be identified uniquely. Observed in vitro experimental HRM profiles were corroborated by in silico HRM analysis generated on uMeltSM. In silico mutation analysis carried out on a 360 bp wild‐type rps16I amplicon determined that the expected rate of missed single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) detection in vitro was similar to existing evaluations of HRM sensitivity, with transversion SNPs being more likely to go undetected compared to transition SNPs. In vitro HRM successfully discriminated between all amplicon templates differing by two or more base changes (352 cases) and between 11 pairs of amplicons where the only difference was a single transition or transversion SNP. Only one pairwise comparison yielded no discernable HRM curve difference between haplotypes, and these samples differed by one transversion (C/G) SNP. HRM analysis represents an untapped resource in phylogeographic analysis, and with appropriate primer design any polymorphic locus is potentially amenable to this single‐reaction method for haplotype identification.
FLUSHING TIME IN THE CIENFUEGOS BAY, CUBA
Authors: CARAVACA ALAIN MUÑOZ , DOUILLET PASCAL , GARCÍA OVEL DÍAZ , FICHEZ RENAUD , HERRERA ROBERTO H. , ALCÁNTARA‐CARRIÓ JAVIER , RODRÍGUEZ AGUSTÍN GARCÍA 
Published: July 2012

Abstract. We use a high‐resolution numerical model to analyze the hydrodynamical exchange processes of the Cienfuegos Bay with the Caribbean Sea. Results show that freshwater inputs and wind are the main factors controlling the water exchange in the bay. Nine simulation case studies with three wind conditions and three freshwater inputs were carried out. The main conclusion is that the Cienfuegos Bay system has a slow exchange rate, with an average flushing time of 39 days during the rainy period and 50 days during the dry one, for the most probable wind direction. Two new temporary scales for Cienfuegos Bay are discussed: the local e‐flushing time and the flushing lag. The results obtained for these new variables validate the slow exchange capacity of the bay.
Fast likelihood calculations for comparative analyses
Authors: Freckleton Robert P. 
Published: July 2012

Summary1. Modern comparative approaches use model‐based methods to describe evolutionary processes. Generalised least squares calculations lie at the heart of many methods; however, they can be computationally intensive. This is because it is necessary to form a variance–covariance matrix, then to calculate the inverse and determinant of this.2. Based on an algorithm provided by Felsenstein (American Journal of Human Genetics, 1973, 25, 471), I show how to perform comparative calculations that avoid these computational steps.3. I apply the method to several problems in comparative analysis, including calculating likelihoods, estimating Pagel’s λ for one or several traits and fitting linear models.4. R code is provided, which implements the algorithm described. Examples are included to demonstrate the computational gains possible for several commonly used comparative methods.
Standards Meetings Calendar–National
Authors: Blaeser Susan B. , Schomer Paul D. 
Published: July 2012

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes catalogs of Acoustical Standards, both National and International. To receive copies of the latest Standards catalogs, please contact Susan B. Blaeser.
Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.
This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA, as well as the National and International Catalogs of Acoustical Standards, and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America, are available via the ASA home page: http://acousticalsociety.org.