bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating Concentrations of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, and Soluble Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule-1 in Overweight/Obese Men and Women Consuming Fructose- or Glucose-Sweetened Beverages for 10 Weeks
Authors: Cox Chad L. , Stanhope Kimber L. , Schwarz Jean Marc , Graham James L. , Hatcher Bonnie , Griffen Steven C. , Bremer Andrew A. , Berglund Lars , McGahan John P. , Keim Nancy L. , Havel Peter J. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Context:
Results from animal studies suggest that consumption of large amounts of fructose can promote inflammation and impair fibrinolysis. Data describing the effects of fructose consumption on circulating levels of proinflammatory and prothrombotic markers in humans are unavailable.

Objective:
Our objective was to determine the effects of 10 wk of dietary fructose or glucose consumption on plasma concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, C-reactive protein, and IL-6.

Design and Setting:
This was a parallel-arm study with two inpatient phases (2 wk baseline, final 2 wk intervention), conducted in a clinical research facility, and an outpatient phase (8 wk) during which subjects resided at home.

Participants:
Participants were older (40–72 yr), overweight/obese (body mass index = 25–35 kg/m2) men (n = 16) and women (n = 15).

Interventions:
Participants consumed glucose- or fructose-sweetened beverages providing 25% of energy requirements for 10 wk. Blood samples were collected at baseline and during the 10th week of intervention.

Main Outcome Measures:
Fasting concentrations of MCP-1 (P = 0.009), PAI-1 (P = 0.002), and E-selectin (P = 0.048) as well as postprandial concentrations of PAI-1 (P &lt; 0.0001) increased in subjects consuming fructose but not in those consuming glucose. Fasting levels of C-reactive protein, IL-6, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were not changed in either group.

Conclusions:
Consumption of fructose for 10 wk leads to increases of MCP-1, PAI-1, and E-selectin. These findings suggest the possibility that fructose may contribute to the development of the metabolic syndrome via effects on proinflammatory and prothrombotic mediators.
Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of Thyroid Cancer in Prospective Series of Individuals with Cowden and Cowden-Like Syndrome Characterized by Germline PTEN, SDH, or KLLN Alterations
Authors: Ngeow Joanne , Mester Jessica , Rybicki Lisa A. , Ni Ying , Milas Mira , Eng Charis 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Context:
Thyroid cancer is believed to be an important component of Cowden syndrome (CS). Germline PTEN and SDHx mutations and KLLN epimutation cause CS and CS-like phenotypes. Despite the established association, little is known about the incidence and clinical features of thyroid cancer found in CS/CS-like patients.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to compare incidence, clinical, and histological characteristics of epithelial thyroid cancers in CS/CS-like individuals, in the context of PTEN, SDHx, and KLLN status.

Design and Participants:
The study encompassed a 5-yr, multicenter, prospective accrual of 2723 CS and CS-like patients, all of whom had comprehensive PTEN analysis. SDHx mutation analysis occurred in those without PTEN mutations/variations and elevated manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) levels. KLLN epimutation analysis was performed in the subset without any PTEN or SDHx mutation/deletion/ variant/polymorphism.

Main Outcome Measures:
Gene-specific thyroid cancer histologies, demographic and clinical information, and adjusted standardized incidence rates were studied.

Results:
Of 2723 CS/CS-like patients, 664 had thyroid cancer. Standardized incidence rates for thyroid cancer were 72 [95% confidence interval (CI), 51–99; P &lt; 0.001] for pathogenic PTEN mutations, 63 (95% CI, 42–92; P &lt; 0.001) for SDHx variants, and 45 (95% CI, 26–73; P &lt; 0.001) for KLLN epimutations. All six (16.7%) diagnosed under age 18 yr carried pathogenic PTEN mutations. Follicular thyroid cancer was overrepresented in PTEN mutation-positive cases compared to those with SDHx and KLLN alterations. PTEN frameshift mutations were found in 31% of patients with thyroid cancer compared to 17% in those without thyroid cancer.

Conclusions:
CS/CS-like patients have elevated risks of follicular thyroid cancer due to PTEN pathogenic mutations and of papillary thyroid cancer from SDHx and KLLN alterations. Children presenting with thyroid cancer should be tested for PTEN mutations.
Hybrid LES — RANS of Complex Geometry Jets
Authors: Eastwood Simon J. , Tucker Paul G. 
Published: September 2011

Large eddy simulation (LES) type studies are made of a realistic geometry coaxial nozzle with a pylon. For the LES, since the solver being used tends towards having dissipative qualities, the subgrid scale (SGS) model is omitted, giving Numerical LES (NLES). To overcome near wall streak resolution problems a near wall RANS (Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes) model is used giving a hybrid NLES-RANS approach. The pylon is shown to influence the flow development, having a significant impact on peak turbulence levels and spreading rates. The results show that real geometry effects are influential and should be taken into account when moving towards real engine simulations. If their effects are ignored then, based on the studies here, key turbulence parameters will have significant error.
Piper Field: Geology
Authors: Wiebe Menno 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The primary function of the successful modern day development geologist is to arrive at a comprehensive, predictive, geological model of a field. To achieve this end he or she will utilize all data collected during the life of the field including; pressure surveys, flowmeter data, and reservoir simulation results.
Departmental boundaries (Geology, Reservoir Engineering, Drilling etc.) must be highly flexible and permeable to allow ideas to circulate freely within the group responsible for field development. Lack of communication results in the loss of recoverable oil.
Several geological/engineering difficulties encountered during the Piper field development programme have been overcome by the application of interdisciplinary thinking.
Piper Field : Reservoir Engineering
Authors: Stewart Les 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The paper demonstrates that accurate data available for the field resulted in an early definition of the reservoir performance in terms of pressure/influx/production relationships. Individual formation pressure sampling, and repeated flowmeter surveys during the life of the well, combined with a detailed geological knowledge of the reservoir, resulted in an excellent understanding of the layered behaviour. This understanding of the reservoir enabled optimisation of oil production and recovery, and necessitated development of special numerical simulation techniques.
Piper Field: Surface Facilities Operating Performance and Problems Experienced
Authors: Wottge Konrad R. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The Piper platform, installed in 1975-6 with initial production in November 1976, is believed to have had the world's highest production rate for a single integrated platform. By 1 July 1980, over 300 million barrels of oil and condensate had been produced, 114 million barrels of treated sea water had been injected and 529 million cubic meters (19 billion cubic feet) of gas had been compressed for transport to shore.
This paper describes the basic design of the production surface facilities together with design modifications carried out to increase production capacity. Facility operating problems are described together with the steps taken to correct these problems. Also included are reliability factors of major pieces of rotating equipment. Facilities are now producing with an acceptable operating reliability.
Applications of Highly Accurate Covering Techniques for the Protection of Submerged Structures
Authors: Van Traa M. , Hanssen H. B. , Van Dam M. G. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Sophisticated engineered backfilling by a dynamically positioned fallpipe vessel, as well as more conventional methods for precise engineered backfilling, are described in this paper.
Reasons for the application of backfilling are, in the first place, a logical result of the described hazards to pipelines, followed by general protection methods for these pipelines.
Applications of engineered backfilling, together with some relevant theories on stability and size of the backfill material, are followed by a description and operational procedures of the fallpipe vessel, accompanied by some case histories.
Inspection and Maintainance of Frigg Pipeline Transportation System
Authors: Bares Alain , Hervé Jean-Luc , Ling Michael 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The Frigg pipeline transportation system is made up of two 32″ gas lines, linking the Frigg field in the middle of the North Sea to the North East of Scotland over a distance of 370 km and in water depths of up to 150 m. Gas has been produced since 1977 and sold to the British Gas Corporation. Total Oil Marine, as the operator of this transportation system, has since carried out an extensive inspection programme: external inspection such as acoustic survey, (sidescan sonar and sub-bottom profiler), and visual survey, either by divers or submersible plus a tentative internal inspection. After assessment of the results and agreement with the relevant authorities some maintenance of the pipelines (i.e. stabilisation) has been carried out.
Over the past two years, 1978 and 1979, that the pipelines have been in production, Total Oil Marine has built up extensive experience in the inspection and maintenance of large submarine pipelines in a hostile environment. This experience, i.e. our inspection policy, the inspection methods used and the maintenance operations carried out, are summarized in the following paper. Indications on cost, and evolution of inspection and maintenance methods are also given.
Norwegian Gas Gathering Pipeline System
Authors: Skinnemoey Helge 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Transportation of petroleum from the Norwegian continental shelf to the markets is an important part of the petroleum activities. Offshore loading of crude oil has been established as an alternative to pipeline transportation. Transport of gas is still dependent on pipelines. For the Norwegian petroleum fields currently in production, the cost of transporting gas and gas liquids is a significant part of the overall cost of development and operation. In the case of the Frigg field, investment in pipelines, manifold platform and receiving terminal represnet 35-40% of the total investment. A good solution to the transportation may be of decisive importance to the economic development of gas fields.
Several smaller gasfields on the Norwegian shelf have not been able to support their own means of transportation, and have remained undeveloped. A common solution for these fields have been under evaluation for many years, but the overall reserve basis has not been sufficient to justifiy a large gas gathering system.
Already in 1977 the Norwegian Government appointed a Committee to study gas transportation schemes. Due to the recent gas discoveries, the work with a gas gathering system has been intensified, Statoil assists the Gas Committee in its work and has developed technical and commercial concepts for the realization of a Norwegian gas transportation system. In this paper I shall report the basis and some of the conclusions of the project as carried out by Statoil.
The Design and Installation of the Buchan Field Subsea Equipment
Authors: Walker D. B. L. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This paper covers the design and installation of the Buchan Field subsea equipment including: template, trees and completions, wireline riser and BOP stack, subsea manifold, flowlines and umbilicals, production riser and control system. A brief description of the rig modifications to enable it to handle the production riser is also included.
Practical Experience of a Diverless Electro-Hydraulic Control System for Subsea Production
Authors: Gabon Jean-François , Hottinger Fredy R. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The GRONDIN field offshore Gabon/West Africa is producing oil for ELF AQUITAINE through subsea wellheads controlled by an electrohydraulic control system supplied by MATRA.
The installation completed in June 1979 and an experimental maintenance operation of a control pod, 6 months later, have been carried out without any diver assistance. The main features of the control system are: Multiplex Electrohydraulic Control, subsea hydraulic pumps, subsea diverless electrical conductive and hydraulic connections.
Due to extensive quality control and test programmes, the Field operations have been achieved without any trouble and in accordance with the Foreseen Schedule.
The present paper describes the control system, the development programme and the results of this experimentation.
A Method of Protecting Subsea Wellheads Against Environmental Hazards
Authors: Foden George P. , Fenemore Keith E. , Fraser William J. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This paper presents the evaluation of the risk of damage to subsea wellheads from fishing gear and oil related objects. It lists the alternative forms of protection considered and the selection of the most cost effective type.
Details are given of the design and installation of two protective covers in the North Sea.
It presents the development of the design based on experience gained leading to the installation of a third cover in the same area.
New Development in Subsea Production – The Modular Manifold Concept
Authors: Muller D. , Arnaudeau M. , Renard B. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Offshore development of oil or gas fields in deep waters (up to 1 000 m) involves floating facilities for process, subsea wellheads and connection between them by riser and manifold.
Many technical problems arise amongst which two can be easily solved by a modular manifold concept : they are flowline connection and maintenance of subsea equipment.
The basic idea of the concept is to split the manifold in modules which are recoverable and whose functions are:
– control of the production – connect one flowline, already laid and positioned with the manifold
The installation of the module is performed with drill pipe and hydraulic handling tool; all control equipment such as valves, connectors, hydraulic devices, are located on the module and can be easily serviced at surface; the geometry of the module is adapted to T.F.L. technique.
A prototype of such an equipment is presently built in France and sea trials of the concept including flowline connection on the manifold will be performed during winter 80/81.
Assessment of hot cracking behaviour in welds
Authors: Kannengiesser Thomas , Rethmeier Michael , Portella Pedro Dolabella , Ewert Uwe , Redmer Bernhard 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Hot crack assessment during production and processing of metallic materials is an essential prerequisite for the safety of welded structures. The hot cracking investigations presented here were carried out as part of a study aimed at the development of Cr/Ni low transformation temperature filler materials. Low transformation temperature alloys open up the possibility for welding high strength steels. The externally loaded Modified Varestraint Transvarestraint hot cracking test was employed in the experiments described. The hot cracking resistance was evaluated with the help of light microscopy applied at the specimen surface. The proportionality between hot cracking susceptibility and Cr/Ni alloy content was explained by the altered solidification kinetics and by the enlarged solidification interval. The internal crack paths and the three-dimensional structure of the crack net in the material volume were examined using X-ray computer tomography. The total crack lengths for different material depths and circumjacent rectangular volumes, respectively, were be determined. An increasing hot cracking susceptibility with increasing Cr/Ni alloy content was also be established for the specimen volume.
Controlled grain size distribution and refinement of an EN AW-6082 aluminium alloy
Authors: Lampke Thomas , Dietrich Dagmar , Nickel Daniela , Bergmann Markus , Zachäus René , Neugebauer Reimund 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
An EN AW-6082 aluminium alloy was subjected to incremental deformation by a new process named gradation rolling. The process has been used to generate a grain size distribution in a rod-shaped billet. A grain size gradient ranging from coarse-grained in the billet core to ultrafine-grained at the surface of the billet can be obtained. The grain size distribution has been confirmed by electron backscatter diffraction showing the grain refinement related to the true strain. The fibre texture of the base material has been transformed to a rolling texture in the surface region. This results in strain-hardening and grain-boundary strengthening in the surface region (130 HV0.5) as compared to the unchanged core material (110 HV0.5).
The effect of layer structure on corrosion and erosion resistance of thin PVD multilayer films
Authors: Depner Udo , Ellermeier Jörg , Troßmann Torsten , Berger Christina , Oechsner Matthias 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This paper contributes to the development of physical vapour deposition multilayer coatings to resist erosion in corrosive environments. The influence of the deposition parameters of the bonding layer on adhesion has been investigated. Furthermore, the influence of the layer design on the corrosion resistance and the thickness of the diamond-like carbon top layer on the erosion resistance of the investigated multilayer coating have been studied.
Corrosion and erosion tests as well as scratch tests, metallographic and scanning electron microscope investigations were carried out to characterize the coatings and their degradation behaviour.
Microcellular PP vs. Microcellular PP/MMT Nanocomposites: A Comparative Study of Their Mechanical Behavior
Authors: Rizvi S. J. A. , Bhatnagar N. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Microcellular foams have attracted interest in both scientific and industrial communities. Injection molding is perhaps the most versatile industrial method of polymer processing. Microcellular injection molding is a newcomer variant in this class. It is capable to produce microcellular structure. The mechanical behavior of a microcellular polymer is different than conventional foams. Although they exhibit much improved mechanical properties than conventional foams still they are inferior to solid polymer. Incorporation of nanoparticles in matrix may affect the nucleation and bubble growth process. Further, nanoparticles will enhance the performance (stiffness, strength etc.) of matrix. In present study an effort has been made to quantitatively analyze the improvements in mechanical properties of microcellular foam with the addition of nanoclay (MMT). Nanocomposite of polypropylene and nanoclay was prepared in a co-rotating twin screw extruder. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) was used as compatibilizer. PP/nanocomposites were foamed in a microcellular injection molding machine, where supercritical nitrogen (SCF-N2) was mixed with plasticized PP/nanocomposite inside the screw – barrel assembly. The molded foamed samples were tested for various mechanical properties. Experimental results show that a considerable improvement occur in the property of microcellular polypropylene by the addition of 2 wt.% nanoclay (MMT).
Optimization of Dispersion of Nanosilica Particles in a PP Matrix and Their Effect on Foaming
Authors: Lee S. H. , Zhang Y. , Kontopoulou M. , Park C. B. , Wong A. , Zhai W. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Nanocomposites based on isotactic polypropylene (PP) and nanosilica (SiO2) were prepared using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder (TSE). The effect of operating variables, such as screw speed and screw configuration on the dispersion of nanosilica in the polymer matrix has been studied, using TEM imaging. High shear stress, sufficient residence time, and high fill ratio in the melting section of the screw were the most important factors in achieving good nanosilica dispersion. Furthermore, the effects of filler loading and amount of a maleated polypropylene (PP-g-MA) compatibilizer on the degree of SiO2 dispersion were investigated. The foaming performance of the composites was evaluated using a batch foaming simulation system, and an extrusion foaming setup that employed respectively N2 and CO2 blowing agents. Well-dispersed surface-modified hydrophobic SiO2 particles acted as effective nucleating agents for foaming, when used at loadings below 1 phr.
Oral Anti-Cancer Agents in the Community Setting: A Survey of Pharmacists in Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Abbott Rick , Edwards Scott , Edwards Jonathan , Dranitsaris George , McCarthy Joy 
Published: September 2011

Background: Over the past decade, there has been a sharp rise in the approval of orally administered anti-cancer agents for disease control. The increase in the use of oral anti-cancer agents (OAAs) raises concerns that community pharmacists may not have the training to safely dispense these agents and provide effective patient care. In order to identify the needs of community pharmacists with respect to oral anti-cancer therapy, a survey was conducted in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Methods: A structured electronic mailing strategy was used. Standardized data collection forms with a cover letter were electronically mailed to 560 practising pharmacists. Survey items included questions related to demographic information, practice setting, current knowledge related to cancer therapy, education needs, access to resources, patient education, patient and pharmacist safety and required elements of an OAA prescription. Results: The response rate was 39%. Only 9.6% of respondents felt that they had received adequate oncology education at the undergraduate level and approximately 31% had attended a continuing education event related to oncology in the past 2 years. Just 17% of respondents stated that they used protective equipment when dispensing OAAs. Only 28% of the pharmacists who responded were familiar with the common doses of OAAs and approximately 25% felt comfortable educating patients on these medications. Conclusions: A substantial portion of community pharmacists in Newfoundland and Labrador do not have a solid understanding of oral anti-cancer therapy. These educational gaps must be addressed to ensure patient safety as well as the safe handling and dispensing of OAAs by community pharmacists.