bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial peptide hCAP‐18/LL‐37 protein and mRNA expressions in different periodontal diseases
Authors: Türkoğlu O , Kandiloğlu G , Berdeli A , Emingil G , Atilla G 
Published: July 2010

Oral Diseases (2010) 17, 60–67Objective:  To investigate the levels of antimicrobial peptide hCAP‐18/LL‐37 protein and mRNA expression in gingival tissues with different periodontal disease.Materials and methods:  Ten patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis, 10 patients with chronic periodontitis, and 10 healthy controls were included in this study. Periodontal parameters including probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and papilla bleeding index were assessed in study subjects. hCAP‐18/LL‐37 mRNA analysis by RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed in 19 samples provided enough RNA in terms of concentration and integrity.Results:  This study demonstrated that hCAP‐18/LL‐37 was a product of neutrophils. Tissue samples of chronic periodontitis patients had significantly higher immunostaining of hCAP‐18/LL‐37 on neutrophils infiltrating in both epithelium and connective tissue compared with controls. hCAP‐18/LL‐37 mRNA expression levels in tissue samples of chronic periodontitis patients seemed to be upregulated compared with controls. While two generalized aggressive periodontitis patients showed downregulated hCAP‐18/LL‐37 mRNA expression levels, one generalized aggressive periodontitis patient showed slightly increased hCAP‐18/LL‐37 mRNA level compared with controls.Conclusions:  hCAP‐18/LL‐37 has an important role in innate response during periodontal inflammation. Local deficiency in hCAP‐18/LL‐37 might be a confounding effect in the pathogenesis of generalized aggressive periodontitis.
Clinical and immunopathological spectrum of paraneoplastic pemphigus
Authors: Zimmermann Jutta , Bahmer Friedrich , Rose Christian , Zillikens Detlef , Schmidt Enno 
Published: July 2010

Summary Background: Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a rare life‐threatening autoimmune bullous disorder. The clinical picture is often polymorphous and blisters may be absent. Autoantibodies are directed against several target antigens, including plakins and desmogleins. PNP has a high mortality rate that does not directly depend on the malignancy of the neoplasm. No generally accepted diagnostic criteria for PNP have been defined. Patients and Methods: On the basis of four selected PNP patients and the relevant literature, the spectrum of clinical and immunopathological findings as well as pathogenesis and treatment options of PNP are presented. Results: In addition to a neoplasm, severe stomatitis and the presence of autoantibodies against periplakin and envoplakin are characteristic for PNP. Based on the presented data, diagnostic criteria are proposed. Conclusions: Knowledge of the polymorphous clinical picture and the complex autoantibody response is essential for an early diagnosis of PNP which has implications for both prognosis and rapid initiation of treatment.
Vectors for gene therapy of skin diseases
Authors: Pfützner Wolfgang 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe success of gene therapy mainly depends on the gene vector (GV) responsible for the efficient transport of genetic information. The qualities of a GV have a profound influence on the method of application, the efficiency of gene transfer in the target tissue, the amount and persistence of gene expression and the potential side effects and safety risks. Clinical gene therapy studies over the past 20 years have contributed to the development and testing of different GV systems, some of which also show great potential for the treatment of skin diseases. In this review the structures, methods of application, characteristics, clinical uses and possibilities for optimization of these GV will be discussed with regard to their cutaneous applications.
Subcutaneous mycoses: chromoblastomycosis, sporotrichosis and mycetoma
Authors: Bonifaz Alexandro , Vázquez‐González Denisse , Perusquía‐Ortiz Ana María 
Published: July 2010

SummarySubcutaneous mycoses are common in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. They are rarely observed in Europe. These mycoses are heterogeneous, but all are caused by penetrating trauma of the skin. Most cases in Europe are observed in returning travelers, aid workers, archaeologists and immigrants. Therefore, a careful, thorough history is essential in order to reach a proper diagnosis. We provide up‐to‐date epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic data on the three most important imported subcutaneous mycoses in Europe: chromoblastomycosis, sporotrichosis and mycetoma.
Health Care Professionals’ Attitudes and Compliance to Clinical Practice Guidelines to Prevent Falls and Fall Injuries
Authors: Stenberg Marie , Wann‐Hansson Christine 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) aimed at preventing falls and fall injuries have been shown to be effective in acute care hospitals. However, although CPGs are systematically developed and evidence‐based tools, there has been a problem with their implementation in clinical practice. Aim: To describe influences on health care professionals’ attitudes to CPGs for preventing falls and fall injuries. Methods: A qualitative approach was chosen and five focus group discussions were conducted, which included physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists. The transcribed texts were analyzed using manifest and latent content analysis. Findings: Two main categories emerged: experiencing a course of events and influence of social factors. Experiencing a course of event included incidence of falls and fall injuries followed by negative consequences, which revealed benefits of using a CPG. Influence of social factors for implementation and compliance with the CPG was described as community obligations and organizational and individual resources. Conclusions: The findings confirm the complex process of implementation and compliance of CPGs for fall prevention. A relation between experiences of high incidence of falls with negative consequences and a positive attitude and compliance to CPGs appeared. To assure compliance and a positive attitude requires an obvious benefit of the CPG in reducing falls. Factors to overcome barriers to implementation and compliance seem to be a supportive leadership, systematic evaluations of the CPG outcome, and the facilitator role.
Identifying Nursing Concepts: Are We Similar?
Authors: Falan Sharie L. 
Published: July 2010

PURPOSE.  The purpose of this article was to define and describe the fundamental aspects of similarity with application to the use of nursing terminologies.DATA SOURCES.  Data were obtained from Google, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsychINFO, and PubMed using the keywords “similarity views,”“similarity,”“concepts and categorization,” and other published sources.DATA SYNTHESIS.  Three prominent similarity views were compared, contrasted, and applied to the use of nursing diagnoses.CONCLUSIONS.  Each view has intentions (requirements) that guide the categorization of information to concepts and influence naming of nursing concepts.IMPLICATIONS.  By understanding similarity, nurse educators and technology designers can influence how nursing concepts are represented.
Evaluation of the Nursing Process Used at a Brazilian Teaching Hospital
Authors: De Moraes Lopes Maria Helena Baena , Higa Rosângela , Dos Reis Maria José , De Oliveira Neila Regina , Christóforo Fátima Filomena Mafra 
Published: July 2010

PURPOSE.  To evaluate how the nursing process has been registered at a Brazilian teaching hospital.METHODS.  Descriptive and retrospective study of 68 medical records.FINDINGS.  The data collection of history was more frequent on the admission day. The documentation of physical exam was prioritized. Sometimes there were records of nursing interventions but not of nursing diagnoses.CONCLUSIONS.  It was found some failures in the record of some steps of the nursing process. Although all steps had been used, they were not carried out consistently.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE.  Some aspects deserve to be considered to improve the use and registration of all steps of the nursing process as to develop specific protocols, redesign the formulary of data record with careful and equal consideration of all steps, and empower all members of the nursing staff to implement the nursing process more effectively.OBJETIVO.  Avaliar como o processo de enfermagem foi registrado em um hospital de ensino Brasileiro.MÉTODOS.  Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo de 68 prontuários.DADOS.  A coleta de dados do histórico foi mais freqüente no primeiro dia de internação. A documentação do exame físico foi priorizada. Às vezes havia registro de intervenções de enfermagem, mas não de diagnósticos de enfermagem.CONCLUSÕES.  Foram encontradas falhas no registro de algumas etapas do processo de enfermagem. Embora todos os passos tenham sido usados, não foram realizados de forma consistente.IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEM.  Alguns aspectos devem ser considerados para melhorar o uso e registro de todas as etapas do processo de enfermagem, como desenvolver protocolos específicos, reformular o formulário de registro de dados com uma cuidadosa e igual consideração de todas as etapas, e capacitar todos os membros da equipe de enfermagem para implementar o processo de enfermagem de forma mais eficaz.
Eucoptocnemis tischendorfi (Püngeler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Noctuinae): New record for Iran with description of female of Brachygalea miskoi Ronkay (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Oncocnemidinae)
Authors: SHIRVANI Asghar , SHOGHALI Mohammad Ali 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA noctuid species, Eucoptocnemis tischendorfi (Püngeler, 1915) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is first reported for the fauna of Iran and the female of Brachygalea miskoi Ronkay, 1997 is first described. Adults including genitalia of both species are illustrated.
Fitness traits of insecticide resistant and susceptible strains of tea mosquito bug Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse (Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: ROY Somnath , MUKHOPADHYAY Ananda , GURUSUBRAMANIAN Guruswami 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe compared the biological traits of insecticide resistant and susceptible field populations of tea mosquito bug Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse. The insecticide resistant population of the conventional Tea Estate “Chuapara” of the Dooars, Jalpaiguri, differed significantly from the susceptible strain of the organic Tea Estate “Makibari” of Darjeeling. Both these tea plantation areas are located in the northern part of West Bengal, India. Adverse changes in biological and developmental traits were observed mainly in: (i) reduction in oviposition period; (ii) fecundity; and (iii) prolongation of nymphal and total developmental period. However, all other parameters such as pre‐ and post oviposition periods, egg incubation period, hatchability and adult longevity were not significantly different. These results clearly demonstrated that only certain fitness components in the resistant strains appear to be adaptively changed and lowered.
Molecular cloning and expression profiles of calreticulin gene from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella
Authors: KIM Rye Jin , OH Seung Han , NOH Mi Young , JO Yong Hun , KIM Seongon , BANG In Seok , LEE Yong Seok , KIM Iksoo , HAN Yeon Soo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCalreticulin (CRT) plays pivotal roles in Ca2+ homeostasis, molecular chaperoning, infection, inflammation and innate immunity. In an attempt to study the involvement of CRT in innate immunity, the full‐length cDNA of calreticulin (PxCRT) was cloned from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. It consists of 1674 bp (excluding poly‐A tail) with a longest open reading frame (ORF) of 1197 bp encoding 398 amino acids. In silico analysis of PxCRT ORF reveals that it has various repeat motifs and endoplasmic reticulum retention signal found in all the calreticulin proteins. As expected, high amino acid sequence identities were found from other CRTs identified from Bombyx mori (87%), Galleria mellonella (87%), Apis mellifera (74%), Anopheles gambiae (74%), Tribolium castaneum (73%), Culex quinquefasciatus (73%), Rhodnius prolixus (72%), Nasonia vitripennis (71%), Drosophila melanogaster (71%) and Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis (68%). During development, P. xylostella expressed PxCRT predominantly in the pupal stage. In addition, spatial expression pattern analysis indicates that PxCRT was highly expressed in the silk gland. PxCRT mRNA, furthermore, was strongly induced 3 to 6 h after laminarin treatment, suggesting that PxCRT appears to be involved in immune responses and also plays an important role in the silk gland.
Ultrastructural Alterations of Mitochondria in Pre‐apoptotic and Apoptotic Hepatocytes of TNFα‐treated Galactosamine‐sensitized Micea
Authors: ANGERMÜLLER S. , SCHÜMANN J. , FAHIMI H. D. , TIEGS G. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe electron microscopical studies presented here show that characteristic morphological alterations in mitochondria are a very early hallmark of the hepatocellular apoptotic program. Before chromatin condensation occurs, the outer mitochondrial membrane is focally disrupted and the inner membrane protrudes through this gap forming a hernia. The demonstration of cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria revealed a very strong activity in pre‐apoptotic and apoptotic cells as well as in apoptotic bodies.
Coenzyme Q10 Can in Some Circumstances Block Apoptosis, and This Effect Is Mediated through Mitochondria
Authors: KAGAN TERRI , DAVIS CLAUDETTE , LIN LIN , ZAKERI ZAHRA 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe mitochondrial component coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10b) Has been used for many years as a Dietary supplement intended to promote good health by trapping free radicals, thus preventing lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. We have tested its use as a generic anti‐apoptotic compound and have found that its ability to protect against apoptosis varies depending on both cell type and mode of cell death induction. We have further established that this protection may be mediated by its effect on mitochondrial function and viability. We provide additional evidence that CoQ10's protective effect on mitochondrial membrane potnetial does not always result in altered mitochondrial enzyme activity and neither does it guarantee survival. These observations open the way for further investigations into the mechanisms involved in mitochondrial control of apoptosis.
Tumor Cells Utilize Multiple Pathways to Down‐modulate Apoptosis: Lessons from a Mouse Model of Islet Cell Carcinogenesis
Authors: HAGER JEFFREY H. , HANAHAN DOUGLAS 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTApoptosis, the process of programmed cell death, plays a critical role in many normal and pathological (disease) processes.1In normal tissues, apoptosis functions in the homeostatic maintenance of proper tissue and organ size by eliminating aged cells to offset the birth of new cells that arise by mitosis. In disease, apoptosis can affect the pathological process is two disparate ways. There are diseases that have too much apoptosis such as autoimmune diabetes and Alzheimer's, or those that have too little apoptosis, such as cancer. This review will focus on the latter and, more specifically, detail and summarize some important lessons learned about apoptosis and cancer from studying a transgenic mouse model of islet cell carcinoma, RIP‐Tag, as outlined below.
Hyperoxia in Cell Culture: A Non‐apoptotic Programmed Cell Death
Authors: KAZZAZ JEFFREY A. , HOROWITZ STUART , LI YUCHI , MANTELL LIN L. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTHere we discuss the morphological features and our current understanding of the pathways involved in non‐apoptotic cell death from O2 toxicity. Preliminary data on hyperoxic signaling indicate that NF‐κB translocation (and presumptive activation) is not a result of the p42/p44 MAPK pathway, but a likely downstream consequence of activation of the JNK pathway. Our observations suggest the existence of multiple signal transduction pathways in hyperoxia‐induced cell death: one involved in the stress response which appears to be NF‐κB‐dependent and another in cell death.
Apoptosis in Coxsackievirus B3‐induced Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: HUBER S. A. , BUDD R. C. , ROSSNER K. , NEWELL M. K. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTGroup B coxsackieviruses (CVB), which infect the myocardium, cause myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. However, not all infections of the myocardium result in disease. In the mouse model, CVB infection stimulates autoimmune T cell response to cardiac antigens, and these autoimmune effectors cause myocyte necrosis and cardiomyopathy. Induction of pathogenic autoimmunity depends upon CD4+ Thl (interferon‐γ positive) cells while Th2 (IL‐4 positive) cell responses promote disease resistance. T lymphocytes expressing the γ‐δ T cell receptor (γδ+) constitute up to 12% of the inflammatory cells in the heart and are crucial to maintaining a dominant Th1 response phenotype. γδ+ lymphocytes modulate T cell responses by selectively lysing CD4+ Th2 cells. Thl cells are not killed by γδ+ cells. Lysis requires direct cell:cell interaction between the γδ+ cell and CD4+ Th2 target and is most likely mediated through Fas: FasL interaction. These studies demonstrate a novel mechanism for immune modulation of cytokine responses in vivo.
Probing the Role of the Dopamine D1 Receptor in Psychostimulant Addiction
Authors: ZHANG JIANHUA , WALSH RYAN R. , XU MING 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPharmacological studies have shown that blockade of the dopamine D1 receptor attenuates locomotor behaviors and prevents sensitization to psychostimulants. However, due to possible cross‐reactivities of the D1 receptor antagonists, the exact role of the D1 receptor in response to psychostimulants is still not definitive. To address this issue, we used D1 receptor mutant mice and tested locomotor responses of the mutant mice and wild‐type control mice after cocaine and amphetamine treatments. We found that the D1 receptor mutant mice exhibit significantly reduced locomotor responses to repeated cocaine administration compared to wild‐type mice. Moreover, D1 receptor mutant mice were less sensitive than the wild‐type mice to acute amphetamine administration over a dose range, although they exhibited apparently similar behavioral responses to those of the wild‐type mice after repeated amphetamine administration at the 5 mg/kg dose. These studies suggest that the D1 receptor plays an essential role in mediating cocaine‐induced locomotor responses in mice. In addition, the D1 receptor also participates in behavioral responses induced by amphetamine administration. Further molecular studies are in progress to address the intracellular signaling mechanisms in response to D1 receptor activation by psychostimulants.
C‐fosandegr‐1Immediate‐early Gene Induction by Cocaine and Cocaethylene in Rat Brain: A Comparative Study
Authors: THIRIET NATHALIE , AUNIS DOMINIQUE , ZWILLER JEAN 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe induction of immediate‐early genes can now be considered as a tool to study neuronal activation in different brain structures. These genes, which are rapidly and transiently induced in response to diverse extracellular stimulation, coordinate alterations in gene expression underlying neuronal plasticity. Usingin situhybridization, we found that acute i.p. cocaine (20 mg/kg) injection produced a strong expression ofegr‐1andc‐fosgenes in the nucleus accumbens, caudate‐putamen, and frontal cortex in the rat. Cocaethylene is an active metabolite of cocaine that is formed when cocaine is consumed together with ethyl alcohol. Injection of cocaethylene at a dose equivalent to cocaine induced the expression of the two immediate‐early genes in the same brain structures, but to a lesser extent. A high dose of ethanol increasedegr‐1andc‐fosexpression in the frontal cortex and in the lateral part of the caudateputamen. Since cocaine is known to potently inhibit both dopamine and serotonin transporters, whereas cocaethylene only inhibits the dopamine transporter, our results strongly suggest that the serotonergic system participates in the mode of action of cocaine in its ability to trigger immediate‐early gene transcription.
Methamphetamine Dependence: Medication Development Efforts Based on the Dual Deficit Model of Stimulant Addiction
Authors: ROTHMAN RICHARD B. , PARTILLA JOHN S. , DERSCH CHRISTINA M. , CARROLL F. IVY , RICE KENNER C. , BAUMANN MICHAEL H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractConverging lines of evidence indicate that withdrawal from prolonged exposure to stimulants and alcohol results in synaptic deficits of both dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5‐HT). According to the dual deficit model proposed by the authors, DA dysfunction during cocaine or alcohol withdrawal underlies anhedonia and psychomotor retardation, whereas 5‐HT dysfunction gives rise to depressed mood, obsessional thoughts, and lack of impulse control. This model predicts that pharmacotherapies which correct only one of the two neurochemical deficits will not be effective. On the other hand, pharmacotherapies which “correct” both of the proposed DA and 5‐HT abnormalities should be effective in treating stimulant and alcohol dependence. This paper reviews two approaches, based on the dual deficit model, taken by our laboratory to develop medications to treat stimulant abuse.
Serum Withdrawal Potentiates the Toxic Effects of Methamphetaminein Vitro
Authors: CADET JEAN LUD , ORDONEZ SONIA 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMethamphetamine (METH) has been shown to cause neurotoxic damage bothin vitroandin vivo. The mechanisms of action are thought to involve the production of pathophysiologic concentration of free radicals. The present study was undertaken to assess the toxic effects of METH caused dose‐dependent increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death. Cell death caused by METH was characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolar formation, shrinkage of cytoplasm and nuclear dissolution. Flow cytometric evaluation also revealed that this toxin causes changes similar to those observed in cells undergoing apoptosis. When taken together these observations suggest the METH can cause these cells to die via apoptosis. Further experiments indicated that growth of these cells in low (1%) serum or in the absence of serum markedly enhanced the apoptotic effects of METH. These data provide further support for the ideas that METH can cause ROS‐mediated apoptosis.