bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Lock of the Lumen: Researching towards new Approaches for Permanent Vascular Access
Authors: Bosticardo Gianmario 
Published: November 2010

Purpose Theoretical proposals for two new vascular access devices (a central venous catheter (CVC) and a peripheral vascular access system, PVAS) are presented in this article. Methods The new CVC concept is based on a mechanical obturator used for CVC locking. Compared to conventional locks, it should, theoretically, allow the reduction of bacterial contamination, biofilm and thrombotic formation. A new tunneling technique, based on a “rigid tunnel sheath” providing a more stable connection, as compared to a traditional CVC cuff, and an increasingly protected exit site, allows CVC changeover to take place through the sheath; therefore, avoiding surgical intervention. PVAS, based on the same mechanical lock concept, is structured from four components: obturator, soft graft, rigid tunnel sheath and foldable sheath. The total graft length is about 80 mm, its inner extremity being uncovered to allow a gentle curve reaching the native vessel. The outer extremity and bifurcation are reinforced by a titanium rigid sheath together with a Dacron cuff. The obturator is protected, and several technical solutions have been considered to guarantee sterility: the “accordion sheath”, the “foldable sheath”, and the “balloon obturator system”. Results The major advantage of PVAS on CVC is the implant on the peripheral vessel which allows the saving of central veins and possibly avoiding life-threatening complications. As compared with an arterial-venous fistula or an arterial-venous graft, PVAS's main advantage should be the possibility of implanting even in “desperate” cases, so avoiding fistula needle positioning. It could be indicated for pediatric or psychiatric patients, for home-based or frequent dialysis schedules. Lower hemodynamic stress should therefore reduce vessel damage, such as aneurism, pseudo-aneurism, intimal hyperplasia and cardiac overload. Conclusions The development of prototypes is in progress to verify both device usefulness and safety in clinical practice.
Juxta-Anastomotic Stenosis of Native Arteriovenous Fistulas: Surgical Treatment versus Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
Authors: Napoli Marcello , Prudenzano Raffaele , Russo Francesco , Lucia Antonaci Assunta , Aprile Maria , Buongiorno Erasmo 
Published: November 2010

Purpose Juxta-anastomotic stenosis (JAS) is a complication of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). Both surgical revision (SR) and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) may correct JAS. In this study we compare the results for SR treatment versus PTA. Methods From January 2005 until December 2008, 66 PTA and 68 SR were performed in 43 and 57 uremic pts with JAS of the native AVF, respectively. Efficacy of SR and PTA was evaluated measuring brachial arterial flow (BAF) by CDU. The Kaplan-Meier table of primary and assisted primary patency was analyzed. Results PTA was attempted in 50 patients. PTA failed in 7 patients and they were switched to SR. In 43 pts, PTA produced a favorable effect, with a mean increase of 99 ± 70% (p<0.001) in blood flow. Restenosis occurred in 17 pts: 2 were treated by SR and 15 by PTA. Restenosis occurred again in 6/15 pts: after second restenosis, 5/6 pts received a third PTA with stenting, 1 patient underwent SR. The failure of access occurred after 12–17 months in 3 pts. In 57/57 JAS treated by SR, a new well-functioning fistula was created upstream of the stenosis, with a mean increase of 102 ± 71% in blood flow (p<0.001). Restenosis occurred in 15 pts: 9 were treated by SR and 6 by PTA. Access failure occurred after 3–36 months in 9 pts. The Kaplan-Meier table showed a better primary patency for SR (p<0.05) without difference in assisted primary patency. Conclusions SR showed a better primary patency then PTA, confirming the trend to stenosis relapse after PTA. So, as PTA does not exclude a later correction of the JAS, the similar assisted patency suggests to perform a PTA first, reserving SR for after its failure.
Comparison among Transposed Brachiobasilic, Brachiobrachial Arteriovenous Fistulas and Flixene™ Vascular Graft
Authors: Lioupis Christos , Mistry Hiren , Rix Tom , Chandak Pankaj , Tyrrell Mark , Valenti Domenico 
Published: November 2010

Objective To compare the outcomes of 3 upper arm access types: transposed brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula (BBAVF), autogenous brachial vein–brachial artery access (ABBA), and a new type of ePTFE graft (Flixene™ graft) (AVG), in a consecutive series of patients treated in a tertiary centre. Methods A prospective, computerized access database was analysed retrospectively to identify all patients undergoing BBAVF, ABBA, or AVG between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2009. Results A total of 108 patients were identified; of whom 45 had BBAVF, 15 ABBA, and 48 ePTFE brachioaxillary AVG. Early failure was similar in all 3 groups. The 18–month functional patency rates for the ABBAs, BBAVFs, and grafts were 27%, 51%, and 55%, respectively. The median time to first use for AVGs was significantly shorter (p<0.0001). Complications were not more frequent in AVGs than ABBAs and BBAVFs (p=0.127). The total number of access interventions was similar between the AVG and ABBA groups (p=0.58), but it was significantly higher in the AVG group compared with the BBAVF group (p<0.0001). Conclusions This study supports the current recommendations of the NKF Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative for using BBAVFs as third choice after radiocephalic and brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas. We also showed good results with a new type of prosthetic graft (Flixene™ graft) that allows cannulation within days of implantation. We now favour the use of this graft instead of basilic vein transposition in elderly patients with short life expectancy and urgent need of renal access.
Cardiovascular Remodeling during Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation in a Rodent Uremia Model
Authors: Langer Stephan , Paulus Niklas , Koeppel Thomas A. , Greiner Andreas , Buhl Alexandra , Krombach Gabriele A. , Jacobs Michael J. , Kennes Lieven , Kokozidou Maria 
Published: November 2010

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular remodeling after arteriovenous fistula (AVF) surgery and to characterize the effect of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a rodent femoral AVF model. Methods Sixteen rats (8 healthy; 8 CKD) underwent femoral AVF surgery; 4 animals served as controls. AVF and cardiac morphology as well as function were assessed during the fistula maturation process (until day 84 after surgery) using magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological analyses. Results Histopathological analysis revealed that a glomerular and interstitial nephropathy caused CKD. In healthy and CKD animals, AVF surgery resulted in progressive downstream vein dilation and a subsequent cardiac adaptation. This vein dilation during maturation was less in CKD rats during the early postoperative course (day 21: p=0.0475) and similar thereafter until day 84. The dilation was accompanied by an aggravation of neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) and calcification in AVFs of CKD rats. The chronic volume overload resulted in both groups in a significantly increased end-diastolic volume (healthy rats: p=0.0087; CKD rats: p=0.0333). Simultaneously, cardiac output increased 195% in healthy and 244% in uremic rats, which was caused by both a significantly increased stroke volume and heart rate. The left ventricular mass rose in AVF animals and was increased at the end of the study period, indicating a distinct cardiac hypertrophy. Conclusion Our rat model showed typical cardiovascular features of the AVF maturation process, which strongly resemble clinical findings in patients. Uremia caused inferior dilation in the early phase after surgery and an exacerbation of NIH. This model should help to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to AVF failure.
Mediastinal Approach to the Placement of Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters in Patients with Central Vein Occlusion in an Outpatient Access Center
Authors: Matsuura John , Dietrich Anne , Steuben Stephanie , Ricker Jaren , Barkema Karla , Kuhl Taften 
Published: November 2010

Objectives Endovascular therapy for hemodialysis (HD) access is now performed in outpatient centers in a growing number of cities in the US. As patients live longer, we are facing a growing number of patients with central venous occlusion. We report our first three cases of mediastinal tunneled dialysis catheter placement in a clinic setting. Methods Between 15 November 2009 and 1 April 2010, three patients with central vein occlusion required tunneled HD catheter placement. Case #1 was a 60–year-old male with left subclavian and innominate vein occlusion from a defibrillator pacemaker and two previous right internal jugular tunneled dialysis catheters with occlusion of the right internal jugular vein. He lost right arm access after two failed arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) and an occluded upper arm AV graft. His last right external jugular catheter was removed for infection. Case #2 was a 72–year-old female with a thrombosed left upper arm and a right basilic vein AV access. She had a history of left leg deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and a vena cava filter. The left and right internal jugular veins were occluded as well as the left subclavian vein after stent placement. She required a tunneled HD catheter after a failed attempt at endovascular salvage of her right basilic AVF. Case #3 was a 78–year-old female who had been on HD for 4 yr. She refused AVF surgery and had four tunneled HD catheters removed for infection. She presented with bilateral internal jugular vein thrombosis and the removal of an infected right subclavian tunneled HD catheter. The technique: The dialysis catheters were placed using standard C-arm fluoroscopy. We accessed the right femoral vein to pass a Berenstein catheter (Cordis, Inc, Warren, NJ) into the right innominate-subclavian vein junction. Using the catheter as a fluoroscopic target, a micropuncture needle was guided into the right innominate vein and a standard J-guidewire was used to dilate the mediastinal tract and place a new tunneled dialysis catheter. Results In all three cases, the tunneled dialysis catheters were placed under local anesthesia with no intravenous sedation. No pneumothorax occurred and all three catheters were used for HD within 24 hr. Two catheters were removed at 3 and 4 months for infection. One catheter continues to function well. Conclusions As the lifespan of our dialysis patient population continues to improve, we will see an increasing need to perform complicated access procedures to maintain HD support. These three cases emphasize the value of the transmediastinal technique using basic C-arm fluoroscopy and a limited stock of basic catheters and guidewires.
Synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance of SAPO‐34 molecular sieves for methanol‐to‐olefin (MTO) reaction
Authors: Wang Qian , Wang Lei , Wang Hui , Li Zengxi , Wu Hui , Li Guangming , Zhang Xiangping , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe methanol‐to‐olefin (MTO) process is important because it offers an alternative to the conventional oil route for the conversion of natural gas or coal to light olefins. The most promising catalysts for the MTO reaction are solid acids with a zeolite structure, where reactants and products such as ethylene and propylene may freely diffuse through active catalysts, but products with larger kinetic diameters are trapped within the cages. In this work, SAPO‐34 molecular sieves were synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization, using triethylamine (TEA) as the template. These samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermo‐gravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) and N2 adsorption–desorption. The effects of template concentration and crystallization time on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance were investigated. The crystallinity and morphology of SAPO‐34 were influenced by the concentration of the template. Pure SAPO‐34 was obtained when the TEA/Al2O3 molar ratio was higher than 2.0. With increased crystallization time, the Si content in SAPO‐34 crystals increased, which influenced the surface acidity. FT‐IR spectra indicated that all samples were dominated by Lewis acid sites and the sample crystallized for 11 h exhibited the lowest number of Lewis acid sites. The catalytic performance of SAPO‐34 was tested with the MTO reaction. High selectivity to olefins (C2H4 + C3H6) was obtained over the catalyst synthesized with a TEA/Al2O3 ratio of 3.0 and crystallization time of 11 h. At the reaction temperature of 450 °C, the methanol conversion approached 100% and the yield of C2C4 olefins was more than 80%. Hence, SAPO‐34 molecular sieves were shown to be excellent catalysts for the MTO reaction. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple and sensitive HPLC‐UV method for the determination of ponicidin in rat plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Li Xiaotian , Hou Wenjing , Song Jingjing , Liu Hongmin , Song Shumei , Zhang Lingchun , Shi Yingying 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA simple, rapid, selective and sensitive HPLC‐UV method has been developed and validated for the determination of ponicidin in rat plasma. The analyte was extracted from rat plasma by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent. The LC separation was performed on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 analytical column (150 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm) with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of methanol–water–phosphoric acid (45:55:0.01, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. There was a good linearity over the range of 0.1–25 µg/mL (r = 0.9995) with a weighted (1/C2) least square method. The lower limit of quantification was proved to be 0.1 µg/mL. The accuracy was within ±10.0% in terms of relative error and the intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were less than 9.1% in terms of relative standard deviation. After validation, the method was successfully applied to characterize the pharmacokinetics of ponicidin in rats. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 12/10
Authors: Archambaud Cristel , Salcedo Suzana P. , Lelouard Hugues , Devilard Elisabeth , de Bovis Beatrice , Van Rooijen Nico , Gorvel Jean‐Pierre , Malissen Bernard 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe cover image of this issue consists of a confocal image of a mediastinal draining lymph node (MdLN) section, taken 5 days post‐infection of C57BL/6 mice with DsRed‐expressing Brucella (red). Md1N sections were also stained for lysozyme (green) and MHCII (blue). This image was taken from Archambaud et al. (pp. 3458–3471). In this article the authors investigate the initial innate immune response that follows intranasal inoculation of Brucella abortus in the mouse. The authors demonstrate that alveolar macrophages are critical regulators of the initial innate immune response against Brucella within the lungs, and that pulmonary DC and alveolar macrophages play distinct roles in controlling initial pulmonary Brucella infection.
Stromal features are predictive of disease mortality in oral cancer patients
Authors: Marsh Daniel , Suchak Krishna , Moutasim Karwan A , Vallath Sabarinath , Hopper Colin , Jerjes Waseem , Upile Tahwinder , Kalavrezos Nicholas , Violette Shelia M , Weinreb Paul H , Chester Kerry A , Chana Jagdeep S , Marshall John F , Hart Ian R , Hackshaw Allan K , Piper Kim , Thomas Gareth J 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWorldwide, approximately 405 000 cases of oral cancer (OSCC) are diagnosed each year, with a rising incidence in many countries. Despite advances in surgery and radiotherapy, which remain the standard treatment options, the mortality rate has remained largely unchanged for decades, with a 5‐year survival rate of around 50%. OSCC is a heterogeneous disease, staged currently using the TNM classification, supplemented with pathological information from the primary tumour and loco‐regional lymph nodes. Although patients with advanced disease show reduced survival, there is no single pathological or molecular feature that identifies aggressive, early‐stage tumours. We retrospectively analysed 282 OSCC patients for disease mortality, related to clinical, pathological, and molecular features based on our previous functional studies [EGFR, αvβ6 integrin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), p53, p16, EP4]. We found that the strongest independent risk factor of early OSCC death was a feature of stroma rather than tumour cells. After adjusting for all factors, high stromal SMA expression, indicating myofibroblast transdifferentiation, produced the highest hazard ratio (3.06, 95% CI 1.65–5.66) and likelihood ratio (3.6; detection rate: false positive rate) of any feature examined, and was strongly associated with mortality, regardless of disease stage. Functional assays showed that OSCC cells can modulate myofibroblast transdifferentiation through αvβ6‐dependent TGF‐β1 activation and that myofibroblasts promote OSCC invasion. Finally, we developed a prognostic model using Cox regression with backward elimination; only SMA expression, metastasis, cohesion, and age were significant. This model was independently validated on a patient subset (detection rate 70%; false positive rate 20%; ROC analysis 77%, p < 0.001). Our study highlights the limited prognostic value of TNM staging and suggests that an SMA‐positive, myofibroblastic stroma is the strongest predictor of OSCC mortality. Whether used independently or as part of a prognostic model, SMA identifies a significant group of patients with aggressive tumours, regardless of disease stage. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragmentation‐free LC‐MS can identify hundreds of proteins
Authors: Bochet Pascal , Rügheimer Frank , Guina Tina , Brooks Peter , Goodlett David , Clote Peter , Schwikowski Benno 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOne of the most common approaches for large‐scale protein identification is LC, followed by MS. If more than a few proteins are to be identified, the additional fragmentation of individual peptides has so far been considered as indispensable, and thus, the associated costs, in terms of instrument time and infrastructure, as unavoidable. Here, we present evidence to the contrary. Using a combination of (i) highly accurate and precise mass measurements, (ii) modern retention time prediction, and (iii) a robust scoring algorithm, we were able to identify 257 proteins of Francisella tularensis from a single LC‐MS experiment in a fragmentation‐free approach (i.e. without experimental fragmentation spectra). This number amounts to 59% of the number of proteins identified in a standard fragmentation‐based approach, when executed with the same false discovery rate. Independent evidence supports at least 27 of a set of 31 proteins that were identified only in the fragmentation‐free approach. Our results suggest that additional developments in retention time prediction, measurement technology, and scoring algorithms may render fragmentation‐free approaches an interesting complement or an alternative to fragmentation‐based approaches.
Proteomic analysis of egg white proteins during storage
Authors: Omana Dileep A. , Liang Yue , Kav Nat N. V. , Wu Jianping 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEgg storage causes egg white to lose its viscous nature to form a thin liquid, commonly referred to as egg white thinning. To understand the mechanisms underlying egg white thinning, white‐shell eggs were used in the present study to determine the proteome‐level changes of egg white proteins occurred during storage. Egg white thinning was observed visually after 20 days of storage at ambient temperature (22±2°C) when the maximum number of proteome‐level changes occurred. The proteins that showed significant changes in abundance during storage included ovalbumin, clusterin, ovoinhibitor, ovotransferrin, and prostaglandin D2 synthase. Among these, only the abundance of clusterin was observed to change continuously during the storage period. Hence, it is expected that the increase in the concentrations of clusterin and ovoinhibitor along with the change of ovalbumin content during storage might contribute to egg white thinning. Degradation of ovalbumin/clusterin during egg storage may be due to the combined effect of proteolysis and increase in pH; this may also be partly responsible for egg white thinning phenomenon.
Identification of proteins associated with ligand‐activated estrogen receptor α in human breast cancer cell nuclei by tandem affinity purification and nano LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Tarallo Roberta , Bamundo Angela , Nassa Giovanni , Nola Ernesto , Paris Ornella , Ambrosino Concetta , Facchiano Angelo , Baumann Marc , Nyman Tuula A. , Weisz Alessandro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEstrogen receptor α (ER‐α) is a key mediator of estrogen actions in breast cancer (BC) cells. Understanding the effects of ligand‐activated ER‐α in target cells requires identification of the molecular partners acting in concert with this nuclear receptor to transduce the hormonal signal. We applied tandem affinity purification (TAP), glycerol gradient centrifugation and MS analysis to isolate and identify proteins interacting with ligand‐activated ER‐α in MCF‐7 cell nuclei. This led to the identification of 264 ER‐associated proteins, whose functions highlight the hinge role of ER‐α in the coordination of multiple hormone‐regulated nuclear processes in BC cells.
Examining serum amyloid P component microheterogeneity using capillary isoelectric focusing and MALDI‐MS
Authors: Weiss Noah G. , Jarvis Jason W. , Nelson Randall W. , Hayes Mark A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSerum amyloid P component (SAP) is a glycoprotein of interest due to its presence in amyloid plaque formations. As with most glycoproteins, SAP can possibly vary greatly in its isoforms, which can be an important factor toward understanding the role of SAP. Interestingly, previous characterizations suggest varying degrees of microheterogeneity, some of which are in conflict. In this work, we provide new information to clarify SAP's microheterogeneity profile using CIEF to carefully analyze pooled samples and by studying individual samples across populations with mass spectrometric immunoassay. With respect to CIEF, a single pI band was observed suggesting that human SAP does not have extensive heterogeneity concluded from gel IEF experiments in the past. Additionally, this is supported by a population study, which revealed an overwhelming degree of uniformity. Overall, this work corroborates the idea that SAP is relatively consistent across the population and with respect to microheterogeneity.