bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pore unit cell network modeling of the thermal conductivity dynamics in unsaturated sandy soils: Unveiling the role of spanning‐wetting phase cluster
Authors: Mirghafari Rasoul , Helforoosh Amir Hossein , Nikooee Ehsan , Habibagahi Ghassem , Raoof Amir , van Genuchten Martinus Theodorus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs the world struggles with climate change and energy crises, understanding the role of soil in the food–water–energy nexus becomes increasingly critical. Accurately estimating the soil thermal conductivity drying curve is essential for assessing the impacts of temperature on soil biota and crop growth, environmental changes due to forest fires and global warming, and for designing geo‐energy extraction techniques such as geothermal energy piles. Existing empirical models often fail to accurately estimate the soil thermal conductivity (TC), particularly in pendular soil moisture regimes where they do not capture sharp changes in TC. This study introduces a novel approach using a pore unit cell network model to more accurately describe the dynamics of TC in variably saturated soils. A quadratic parallel scheme within each soil pore unit cell links the TCs of solid, water, and air to the overall effective conductivity. By modeling air invasion in the pore network model and employing the proposed equation, we determined the unsaturated soil TC based on varying local conductivities. The model effectively captures the significant decrease in conductivity in the pendular saturation regime, associated with the shrinkage of the spanning‐wetting cluster. Quantitative analyses showed a substantial improvement in prediction accuracy compared to existing models, especially under varying moisture conditions. Our findings have significant implications for better characterizing soil thermal and hydraulic properties, which are crucial for resource management in a changing climate and advancing geo‐energy technologies.
Digitizing operating theater data in resource‐limited settings: Understanding surgical care delivery post‐implementation at Tanzanian referral hospital
Authors: Osebo Cherinet , Razek Tarek , Grushka Jeremy , Deckelbaum Dan , Khwaja Kosar , Munthali Victoria , Boniface Respicious 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundDigitizing surgical data infrastructure is critical for policymakers to make informed decisions. The implementation of the first web‐based operating theater (OT) recordings at Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute (MOI) represents significant advancements in data management for Tanzania. This study aims to share post‐platform implementation outcomes, challenges, and insights gained offering guidance to settings facing similar data repository challenges.MethodsIn July 2023, after training clinicians, the platform was deployed at MOI operating theaters (OTs) to facilitate prospective data entry following procedures, ensuring timely updates of perioperative outcomes. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders to gather insights into the platform's functionality and efficient data management systems. We presented data from August 2023 to February 2024 along with platform insights.ResultsOver 4449 procedures were conducted, comprising 1321 emergencies and 3128 electives, with orthopedics/trauma accounting for the majority (3606). Trauma‐related emergencies (921) predominate among interventions. General anesthesia was prevalent; 60.56% in emergencies and 44.51% in electives. Orthopedics/trauma utilized 90.91% of assigned operating days in electives, while neurosurgery utilized 93.39% (p < 0.011). The cancellation rate was 7.5%, primarily due to emergency interferences (32%). Of procedures, 96.76% were discharged, while 2.81% died. Challenges encountered during platform implementation included securing local support, integrating technology, and navigating administrative adjustments. Lessons learned emphasized continuous communication for stakeholder buy‐in and training for platform familiarity.ConclusionThe web‐based OT recordings at MOI succeeded with local support and showed promise for wider scalability. To ensure sustainability, ongoing follow‐up, monitoring of platform functionality, local funding establishment, and strengthening global partnerships are recommended.
Abdominal injuries: Online team‐based training of senior medical students is preferred over online class‐based training
Authors: Wu Ping , Zhou Yiman , Lv Wenjie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the application and effect of team‐based learning (TBL) based on network platform in teaching surgical abdominal emergency.MethodsA total of 80 fourth‐year medical students from our university's 5‐year clinical medicine program were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to two groups: the control group (n = 40) used the online large class teaching method and the experimental group (n = 40) used the online TBL. The teaching effect of web‐based TBL was evaluated by collecting the subjective evaluation of the experimental group and the objective test results of both groups through a questionnaire.ResultsOnline TBL was well‐received by most students. More than 80% of them found the teaching method interesting, and more than 90% of them gave a high rating to the improvement of their learning ability with online TBL. The experimental group scored significantly higher than the control group in the objective tests (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe network‐based TBL is preferred by most students. TBL curricula are more conducive to medical student learning and engagement and have better learning outcomes.
Spathaspora marinasilvae sp. nov., a xylose‐fermenting yeast isolated from galleries of passalid beetles and rotting wood in the Amazonian rainforest biome
Authors: Barros Katharina O. , Batista Thiago M. , Soares Rafaela C. C. , Lopes Mariana R. , Alvarenga Flávia B. M. , Souza Gisele F. L. , Abegg Maxwel A. , Santos Ana Raquel O. , Góes‐Neto Aristóteles , Hilário Heron O. , Moreira Rennan G. , Franco Glória R. , Lachance Marc‐André , Rosa Carlos A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFour yeast isolates were obtained from rotting wood and galleries of passalid beetles collected in different sites of the Brazilian Amazonian Rainforest in Brazil. This yeast produces unconjugated allantoid asci each with a single elongated ascospore with curved ends. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer‐5.8 S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene showed that the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Spathaspora. The novel species is phylogenetically related to a subclade containing Spathaspora arborariae and Spathaspora suhii. Phylogenomic analysis based on 1884 single‐copy orthologs for a set of Spathaspora species whose whole genome sequences are available confirmed that the novel species represented by strain UFMG‐CM‐Y285 is phylogenetically close to Sp. arborariae. The name Spathaspora marinasilvae sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the novel species. The holotype of Sp. marinasilvae is CBS 13467 T (MycoBank 852799). The novel species was able to accumulate xylitol and produce ethanol from
d‐xylose, a trait of biotechnological interest common to several species of the genus Spathaspora.
Decay constants of $$ c\overline{b} $$ mesons involving the ten heavy flavor-changing currents at N3LO QCD
Authors: Tao Wei , Xiao Zhen-Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWithin the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) framework, we complete the three-loop calculations of the NRQCD renormalization constants and the matching coefficients, for the heavy flavor-changing temporal vector, spatial-spatial tensor, spatial-temporal axial-tensor currents, which are coupled to theP-wave$$ c\overline{b} $$cb¯mesons. We further study the ten decay constants for the$$ c\overline{b} $$cb¯mesons (Bc,$$ {B}_c^{\ast } $$Bc∗,$$ {B}_{c0}^{\ast } $$Bc0∗,Bc1) coupled with the ten heavy flavor-changing currents involving (pseudo-)scalar, (axial-)vector and (axial-)tensor up to the next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) ofαs. We obtain the six ratios of decay constants by approximating them to the corresponding ratios of matching coefficients. We find the N3LO perturbative QCD results for the six ratios of decay constants have good convergence and weak scale-dependence. We finally predict the hierarchical relationship among the ten decay constants for the$$ c\overline{b} $$cb¯mesons coupled with the ten currents.
Strongly-ordered infrared counterterms from factorisation
Authors: Magnea Lorenzo , Milloy Calum , Signorile-Signorile Chiara , Torrielli Paolo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the context of infrared subtraction algorithms beyond next-to-leading order, it becomes necessary to consider multiple infrared limits of scattering amplitudes, in which several particles become soft or collinear in a strongly-ordered sequence. We study these limits from the point of view of infrared factorisation, and we provide general definitions of strongly-ordered soft and collinear kernels in terms of gauge-invariant operator matrix elements. With these definitions in hand, it is possible to construct local subtraction counterterms for strongly-ordered configurations. Because of their factorised structure, these counterterms cancel infrared poles of real-virtual contributions by construction. We test these ideas at tree level for multiple emissions, and at one loop for single and double emissions, contributing to NNLO and N3LO distributions, respectively.
Heavy quark fragmentation in e+e− collisions to NNLO+NNLL accuracy in perturbative QCD
Authors: Bonino Leonardo , Cacciari Matteo , Stagnitto Giovanni 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Fragmentation of heavy quarks into heavy-flavoured hadrons receives both perturbative and non-perturbative contributions. We consider perturbative QCD corrections to heavy quark production in e+e− collisions to next-to-next-to-leading order accuracy in QCD with next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic resummation of quasi-collinear and soft emissions. We study multiple matching schemes, and multiple regularisations of the soft resummation, and observe a significant dependence of the perturbative results on these ingredients, suggesting that NNLO+NNLL perturbative accuracy may not lead to real gains unless the interface with non-perturbative physics is properly analysed. We confirm previous evidence that D*+ experimental data from CLEO/BELLE and from LEP are not reconcilable with perturbative predictions employing standard DGLAP evolution. We extract non-perturbative contributions from e+e− experimental data for both D and B meson fragmentation. Such contributions can be used to predict heavy-quark fragmentation in other processes, e.g. DIS and proton-proton collisions.
Duality transformations and the entanglement entropy of gauge theories
Authors: Bulgarelli Andrea , Panero Marco 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The study of entanglement in gauge theories is expected to provide insights into many fundamental phenomena, including confinement. However, calculations of quantities related to entanglement in gauge theories are limited by ambiguities that stem from the non-factorizability of the Hilbert space. In this work we study lattice gauge theories that admit a dual description in terms of spin models, for which the replica trick and Rényi entropies are well defined. In the first part of this work, we explicitly perform the duality transformation in a replica geometry, deriving the structure of a replica space for a gauge theory. Then, in the second part, we calculate, by means of Monte Carlo simulations, the entropic c-function of the ℤ2 gauge theory in three spacetime dimensions, exploiting its dual description in terms of the three-dimensional Ising model.
Ghost problem, spectrum identities and various constraints on brane-localized gravity
Authors: Miao Rong-Xin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the brane-localized interactions, including DGP gravity and higher derivative (HD) gravity localized on the brane. We derive the effective action on the brane, which suggests the brane-localized HD gravity suffers the ghost problem generally. Besides, we obtain novel algebraic identities of the mass spectrum, which reveal the global nature and can characterize the phase transformation of the mass spectrum. We get a powerful ghost-free condition from the spectrum identities, which rules out one type of brane-localized HD gravity. We further prove the mass spectrum is real and non-negative m2 ≥ 0 under the ghost-free condition.Furthermore, we discuss various constraints on parameters of brane-localized gravity in AdS/BCFT and wedge holography, respectively. They include the ghost-free condition of Kaluza-Klein and brane-bending modes, the positive definiteness of boundary central charges, and entanglement entropy. The ghost-free condition imposes strict constraint, which requires non-negative couplings for pure DGP gravity and Gauss-Bonnet gravity on the brane. It also rules out one class of brane-localized HD gravity. Thus, such HD gravity should be understood as a low-energy effective theory on the brane under the ghost energy scale. Finally, we briefly discuss the applications of our results.
Astrophysical constraints on decaying dark gravitons
Authors: Law-Smith Jamie A. P. , Obied Georges , Prabhu Anirudh , Vafa Cumrun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the dark dimension scenario, which predicts an extra dimension of micron scale, dark gravitons (KK modes) are a natural dark matter candidate. In this paper, we study observable features of this model. In particular, their decay to standard matter fields can distort the CMB and impact other astrophysical signals. Using this we place bounds on the parameters of this model. In particular we find that the natural range of parameters in this scenario is consistent with these constraints and leads to the prediction that the mean mass of the dark matter today is close to a few hundred keV and the effective size of the extra dimension is around 1–30 μm.
Leptogenesis in parity solutions to the strong CP problem and Standard Model parameters
Authors: Carrasco-Martinez Juanca , Dunsky David I. , Hall Lawrence J. , Harigaya Keisuke 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study the simplest theories with exact spacetime parity that solve the strong CP problem and successfully generate the cosmological baryon asymmetry via decays of right-handed neutrinos. Lower bounds are derived for the masses of the right-handed neutrinos and for the scale of spontaneous parity breaking, vR. For generic thermal leptogenesis, vR ≳ 1012 GeV, unless the small observed neutrino masses arise from fine-tuning. We compute vR in terms of the top quark mass, the QCD coupling, and the Higgs boson mass and find this bound is consistent with current data at 1σ. Future precision measurements of these parameters may provide support for the theory or, if vR is determined to be below 1012 GeV, force modifications. However, modified cosmologies do not easily allow reductions in vR — no reduction is possible if leptogenesis occurs in the collisions of domain walls formed at parity breaking, and at most a factor 10 reduction is possible with non-thermal leptogenesis. Standard Model parameters that yield low values for vR can only be accommodated by having a high degree of degeneracy among the right-handed neutrinos involved in leptogenesis. If future precision measurements determine vR to be above 1012 GeV, it is likely that higher-dimensional operators of the theory will yield a neutron electric dipole moment accessible to ongoing experiments. This is especially true in a simple UV completion of the neutrino sector, involving gauge singlet fermions, where the bound from successful leptogenesis is strengthened to vR ≳ 1013 GeV.
Disconnected gauge groups in the infrared
Authors: Arias-Tamargo Guillermo , De Marco Mario 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Gauging a discrete 0-form symmetry of a QFT is a procedure that changes the global form of the gauge group but not its perturbative dynamics. In this work, we study the Seiberg-Witten solution of theories resulting from the gauging of charge conjugation in 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theories with SU(N) gauge group and fundamental hypermultiplets. The basic idea of our procedure is to identify the ℤ2 action at the level of the SW curve and perform the quotient, and it should also be applicable to non-lagrangian theories. We study dynamical aspects of these theories such as their moduli space singularities and the corresponding physics; in particular, we explore the complex structure singularity arising from the quotient procedure. We also discuss some implications of our work in regards to three problems: the geometric classification of 4d SCFTs, the study of non-invertible symmetries from the SW geometry, and the String Theory engineering of theories with disconnected gauge groups.
Attitudes toward artificial intelligence: combining three theoretical perspectives on technology acceptance
Authors: Koenig Pascal D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEvidence on AI acceptance comes from a diverse field comprising public opinion research and largely experimental studies from various disciplines. Differing theoretical approaches in this research, however, imply heterogeneous ways of studying AI acceptance. The present paper provides a framework for systematizing different uses. It identifies three families of theoretical perspectives informing research on AI acceptance—user acceptance, delegation acceptance, and societal adoption acceptance. These models differ in scope, each has elements specific to them, and the connotation of technology acceptance thus changes when shifting perspective. The discussion points to a need for combining the three perspectives as they have all become relevant for AI. A combined approach serves to systematically relate findings from different studies. And as AI systems affect people in different constellations and no single perspective can accommodate them all, building blocks from several perspectives are needed to comprehensively study how AI is perceived in society.
Working from home, commuting, and gender
Authors: Nagler Markus , Rincke Johannes , Winkler Erwin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWork from home (WFH) arrangements may provide an opportunity to reduce gender gaps in labor market outcomes by reducing the gender differences in the willingness to commute. Using a stated-preference experiment among German employees, we estimate workers’ valuation of working from home and its impact on willingness-to-pay to avoid commuting by gender after the end of the COVID pandemic. We show that workers are willing to give up 7.7% of their earnings for full WFH and 5.4% for 2-day WFH on average. The willingness-to-pay for WFH steeply increases with commuting distance, in line with WFH reducing the need for long commutes for many workers. Importantly, we find that WFH reduces, but does not close, the gender gap in willingness-to-pay to avoid commuting. This result is unaffected by accounting for underage children in the household. This suggests that hopes of technology closing the gender wage gap are premature.
Bounded Fatou and Julia components of meromorphic functions
Authors: Martí-Pete David , Rempe Lasse , Waterman James 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe completely characterise the bounded sets that arise as components of the Fatou and Julia sets of meromorphic functions. On the one hand, we prove that a bounded domain is a Fatou component of some meromorphic function if and only if it is regular. On the other hand, we prove that a planar continuum is a Julia component of some meromorphic function if and only if it has empty interior. We do so by constructing meromorphic functions with wandering compacta using approximation theory.
Factors affecting protein recovery during Hsp40 affinity profiling
Authors: Montoya Maureen R. , Quanrud Guy M. , Mei Liangyong , Moñtano José L. , Hong Caleb , Genereux Joseph C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe identification and quantification of misfolded proteins from complex mixtures is important for biological characterization and disease diagnosis, but remains a major bioanalytical challenge. We have developed Hsp40 Affinity Profiling as a bioanalytical approach to profile protein stability in response to cellular stress. In this assay, we ectopically introduce the Hsp40 FlagDNAJB8H31Q into cells and use quantitative proteomics to determine how protein affinity for DNAJB8 changes in the presence of cellular stress, without regard for native clients. Herein, we evaluate potential approaches to improve the performance of this bioanalytical assay. We find that although intracellular crosslinking increases recovery of protein interactors, this is not enough to overcome the relative drop in DNAJB8 recovery. While the J-domain promotes Hsp70 association, it does not affect the yield of protein association with DNAJB8 under basal conditions. By contrast, crosslinking and J-domain ablation both substantially increase relative protein interactor recovery with the structurally distinct Class B Hsp40 DNAJB1 but are completely compensated by poorer yield of DNAJB1 itself. Cellular thermal stress promotes increased affinity between DNAJB8H31Q and interacting proteins, as expected for interactions driven by recognition of misfolded proteins. DNAJB8WT does not demonstrate such a property, suggesting that under stress misfolded proteins are handed off to Hsp70. Hence, we find that DNAJB8H31Q is still our most effective recognition element for the recovery of destabilized client proteins following cellular stress.
Graphical Abstract
Quantifying variation across 16S rRNA gene sequencing runs in human microbiome studies
Authors: Hoisington Andrew J. , Stamper Christopher E. , Ellis Joseph C. , Lowry Christopher A. , Brenner Lisa A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recent microbiome research has incorporated a higher number of samples through more participants in a study, longitudinal studies, and metanalysis between studies. Physical limitations in a sequencing machine can result in samples spread across sequencing runs. Here we present the results of sequencing nearly 1000 16S rRNA gene sequences in fecal (stabilized and swab) and oral (swab) samples from multiple human microbiome studies and positive controls that were conducted with identical standard operating procedures. Sequencing was performed in the same center across 18 different runs. The simplified mock community showed limitations in accuracy, while precision (e.g., technical variation) was robust for the mock community and actual human positive control samples. Technical variation was the lowest for stabilized fecal samples, followed by fecal swab samples, and then oral swab samples. The order of technical variation stability was inverse of DNA concentrations (e.g., highest in stabilized fecal samples), highlighting the importance of DNA concentration in reproducibility and urging caution when analyzing low biomass samples. Coefficients of variation at the genus level also followed the same trend for lower variation with higher DNA concentrations. Technical variation across both sample types and the two human sampling locations was significantly less than the observed biological variation. Overall, this research providing comparisons between technical and biological variation, highlights the importance of using positive controls, and provides semi-quantified data to better understand variation introduced by sequencing runs.

Key points
• Mock community and positive control accuracy were lower than precision.
• Samples with lower DNA concentration had increased technical variation across sequencing runs.
• Biological variation was significantly higher than technical variation due to sequencing runs.