bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyometra in an Inguinal Hernia in a Bitch
Authors: Gogny A , Bruyas J‐F , Fiéni F 
Published: January 2010

ContentsPyometra in an inguinal hernia was diagnosed in a 10‐year‐old intact cross‐bred bitch which had had dysorexia, depression and inguinal distension. The hernia contained caudal portions of the two uterine horns, uterine cervix and cranial part of the vagina. As the organs were enlarged and full of pus, manual attempt to push back the uterine horns and the vagina in the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal was unsuccessful. Herniated uterine horns were ligated and cut in their median portion, so it became possible to remove the cervix and the caudal portion of the horns through the hernial orifice, and the ovaries and the cranial part of the horns through a peritoneal midline incision. This bitch was not intended for breeding purposes and, given the presence of a huge pyometra associated with an inguinal hernia, an ovario‐hysterectomy was recommended. Uterine herniation should be considered as a differential diagnosis of a caudal lateral inguinal mass. When pushing the uterus back in the abdominal cavity is impossible, a surgical procedure should be performed to detect ischemia–reperfusion injury and/or a septic risk.
Synergy and sustainability in rural procedural medicine: Views from the coalface
Authors: Swayne Andrew , Eley Diann S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective:  The practice of rural and remote medicine in Australia entails many challenges, including a broad casemix and the remoteness of specialist support. Many rural practitioners employ advanced procedural skills in anaesthetics, surgery, obstetrics and emergency medicine, but the use of these skills has been declining over the last 20 years. This study explored the perceptions of rural general practitioners (GPs) on the current and future situation of procedural medicine. Design:  The qualitative results of data from a mixed‐method design are reported. Free‐response survey comments and semistructured interview transcripts were analysed by a framework analysis for major themes. Setting:  General practices in rural and remote Queensland. Participants:  Rural GPs in Rural and Remote Metropolitan Classification 4–7 areas of Queensland. Main outcome measure:  The perceptions of rural GPs on the current and future situation of rural procedural medicine. Results:  Major concerns from the survey focused on closure of facilities and downgrading of services, cost and time to keep up skills, increasing litigation issues and changing attitudes of the public. Interviews designed to draw out solutions to help rectify the perceived circumstances highlighted two major themes: ‘synergy’ between the support from medical teams and community in ensuring ‘sustainability’ of services. Conclusions:  This article presents a model of rural procedural practice where synergy between staff, resources and support networks represents the optimal way to deliver a non‐metropolitan procedural service. The findings serve to remind educators and policy‐makers that future planning for sustainability of rural procedural services must be broad‐based and comprehensive.
Afferent pathway dysfunction in children with primary nocturnal enuresis
Authors: Lv Linya , Deng Huisheng , Li Xuling 
Published: January 2010

Objectives:  To investigate afferent pathway dysfunction in children with primary nocturnal enuresis by measuring pudendal somatosensory evoked potential and tibial somatosensory evoked potential.Methods:  Subjects with primary nocturnal enuresis, 36 boys and 18 girls, aged from 5 to 16 years, were enrolled in this study: 24 subjects had complicated primary enuresis (CPE) and 30 subjects had monosymptomatic primary enuresis (MPE). There were no differences in bodyweight or gender between the MPE and CPE groups (P > 0.05). All of the children underwent physical examination, urine analysis, urinary ultrasound and spinal magnetic resonance imaging. Only subjects without urological and neurological abnormalities (with the exception of spina bifida occulta, which was found in some of the patients) were included in this neurophysiological study.Results:  There were 20 children who were positively recorded with pudendal somatosensory evoked potential in the CPE group, and all of the children in the MPE group were positively recorded (P < 0.05). Positive records of tibial somatosensory evoked potential were successfully achieved in both groups. Furthermore, the pudendal and tibial conductive velocity were slower as compared to the normal range, especially in children in the CPE group (P < 0.001).Conclusions:  Afferent pathway function may be impaired by some factors, which should be considered by both clinicians and parents.
Sex differences in the postural sway characteristics of young and elderly subjects during quiet natural standing
Authors: Kim Ji‐Won , Eom Gwang‐Moon , Kim Chul‐Seung , Kim Da‐Hye , Lee Jae‐Ho , Park Byung Kyu , Hong Junghwa 
Published: January 2010

Aim: It has been reported that the fall incidence in women is much higher than men and that fallers have worse postural balance performance than non‐fallers. However, it is controversial whether any sex difference in postural balance performance exists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sex and age and their interactions in balance performance during quiet standing with natural stance width.Methods: Sixty‐three elderly subjects (aged 65–86 years) and 66 young subjects (aged 18–26 years) performed quiet standing with self‐selected natural feet distance on a force plate. Four analysis variables – mean distance, mean velocity, 95% power frequency and total power – were derived from the center of pressure (COP) and they were evaluated both in anteroposterior and mediolateral directions.Results: In anteroposterior direction, no sex effect and interaction existed, however, all variables except mean distance showed significant age effects (P < 0.01). In contrast, mediolateral direction variables showed significant sex effect where women had greater but less frequent COP movement than men (P < 0.01). Interactions of age and sex were also significant in mediolateral direction, where age‐related changes were significant only in women so that sex differences (faster COP movement with more total power in women than men) existed only in the elderly (P < 0.01) but not in the young.Conclusion: The sex difference in balance performance (some of which are significant only in the elderly) and the sex difference in age‐related change of balance performance were demonstrated in mediolateral direction. These sex differences may contribute to the sex difference in balance‐related problems, such as falls.
A phase II trial of neoadjuvant erlotinib in patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy: clinical and pathological results
Authors: Pruthi Raj S. , Nielsen Matthew , Heathcote Samuel , Wallen Eric M. , Rathmell W. Kim , Godley Paul , Whang Young , Fielding Julia , Schultz Heather , Grigson Gayle , Smith Angela , Kim William 
Published: January 2010

Study Type – Therapy (cohort) Level of Evidence 2bOBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinicopathological efficacy of neoadjuvant erlotinib (an epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR, inhibitor) for invasive bladder cancer in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) as despite definitive surgical therapy, only half of patients undergoing RC will have long‐term disease‐free survival, and effective adjunctive therapies, especially using agents with lower toxicity, would be a significant advance in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe primary endpoint of this phase II trial is to determine the effect of neoadjuvant erlotinib (150 mg once daily for 4 weeks) before RC on the pathological complete response rate (pT0 rate) in RC specimens. In addition, the safety of therapy with erlotinib was also evaluated. Patients selected for study included those with histologically confirmed muscle‐invasive bladder cancer who had undergone initial transurethral resection.RESULTSIn all, 20 patients with clinical stage T2 disease had neoadjuvant erlotinib therapy followed by RC. On surgical pathology, five patients (25%) were pT0; in addition, seven (35%) were clinically down‐staged (≤pT1) and 15 (75%) had organ‐confined disease at surgical pathology. At a mean follow‐up of 24.8 months, 10 patients remain alive and with no evidence of disease, four with organ‐confined disease had progression and nine died, including six from disease and three from other causes. Erlotinib was tolerated in all patients, with drug rash being the most common side‐effect, in 15 patients (75%). Interestingly, all pT0 and pTis/T1 patients had a rash.CONCLUSIONSThe EGFR inhibitor erlotinib, when administered in the neoadjuvant setting, can have beneficial effects in terms of surgical pathology and short‐term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing RC for invasive bladder cancer. Analyses are underway to examine the molecular correlates of the apparent clinical effect of neoadjuvant therapy in these patients.
People Who Live Apart Together (LATs) – How Different are They?
Authors: Duncan Simon , Phillips Miranda 
Published: January 2010

‘Living apart together’ – that is being in an intimate relationship with a partner who lives somewhere else – is increasingly recognised and accepted as a specific way of being in a couple. On the face of it, this is a far cry from the ‘traditional’ version of couple relationships, where co-residence in marriage was placed at the centre and where living apart from one's partner would be regarded as abnormal, and understandable only as a reaction to severe external constraints. Some commentators regard living apart together as a historically new family form where LATs can pursue a ‘both/and’ solution to partnership – they can experience both the intimacy of being in a couple, and at the same time continue with pre-existing commitments. LATs may even de-prioritize couple relationships and place more importance on friendship. Alternatively, others see LAT as just a ‘stage’ on the way to cohabitation and marriage, where LATs are not radical pioneers moving beyond the family, but are cautious and conservative, and simply show a lack of commitment. Behind these rival interpretations lies the increasingly tarnished spectre of individualisation theory. Is LAT some sort of index for a developing individualisation in practice? In this paper we take this debate further by using information from the 2006 British Social Attitudes Survey. We find that LATs have quite diverse origins and motivations, and while as a category LATs are often among the more liberal in family matters, as a whole they do not show any marked ‘pioneer’ attitudinal position in the sense of leading a radical new way, especially if age is taken into account.
Quantifying ADHD classroom inattentiveness, its moderators, and variability: a meta‐analytic review
Authors: Kofler Michael J. , Rapport Mark D. , Matt Alderson R. 
Published: January 2010

Background:  Most classroom observation studies have documented significant deficiencies in the classroom attention of children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared to their typically developing peers. The magnitude of these differences, however, varies considerably and may be influenced by contextual, sampling, diagnostic, and observational differences.Methods:  Meta‐analysis of 23 between‐group classroom observation studies using weighted regression, publication bias, goodness of fit, best case, and original metric analyses.Results:  Across studies, a large effect size (ES = .73) was found prior to consideration of potential moderators. Weighted regression, best case, and original metric estimation indicate that this effect may be an underestimation of the classroom visual attention deficits of children with ADHD. Several methodological factors–classroom environment, sample characteristics, diagnostic procedures, and observational coding schema–differentially affect observed rates of classroom attentive behavior for children with ADHD and typically developing children. After accounting for these factors, children with ADHD were on‐task approximately 75% of the time compared to 88% for their classroom peers (ES = 1.40). Children with ADHD were also more variable in their attentive behavior across studies.Conclusions:  The present study confirmed that children with ADHD exhibit deficient and more variable visual attending to required stimuli in classroom settings and provided an aggregate estimation of the magnitude of these deficits at the group level. It also demonstrated the impact of situational, sampling, diagnostic, and observational variables on observed rates of on‐task behavior.
Facts, fancies and follies of drug‐induced QT/QTc interval shortening
Authors: Malik Marek 
Published: January 2010

Parallels exist between drug‐induced QT/QTc prolongation and shortening. However, these parallels are largely superficial and the experience with drug‐induced QTc prolongation and its potential proarrhythmic link cannot be directly applied to drug‐related QTc shortening. The congenital short QT syndrome (SQTS) is clearly much less prevalent than congenital, long QT syndrome, possibly some 1000 times. If the same discrepancy exists between arrhythmic susceptibility to drug‐induced QTc prolongation and shortening, it is questionable whether regulatory burden should be imposed on drugs that might cause serious arrhythmia, once in many millions of exposures. Further, majority of torsadegenic drugs block the IKr current which is susceptible to the drug blockade because of the corresponding channel geometry. There is no parallel known for drug‐induced QTc shortening. Also, all drugs that prolong QTc interval massively cause torsade de pointes tachycardia in more than exceptional isolated instances. On the contrary, digitalis that causes substantial QTc shortening is not known to trigger frequently ventricular arrhythmias. Moreover, most available population QTc data were obtained with Bazett's correction which produces erroneous QTc shortening at slow heart rates. Safety limits derived from such data are inappropriate. Because practically all new drugs undergo the so‐called thorough QT study, drug‐induced QTc shortening will not go unnoticed for any new pharmaceutical. Describing drug‐related QTc shortening in the label seems sufficient to avoid treatment of the rare SQTS subjects. Intensive investigations of QTc‐shortening drugs (similar to those of drugs with positive thorough QT studies) do not seem to be warranted.This article is a commentary on Shah, pp. 58–69 of this issue and is part of a themed section on QT safety. To view this issue visit http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121548564/issueyear?year=2010
Efficacy of a low‐concentration chlorhexidine mouth rinse in non‐compliant periodontitis patients attending a supportive periodontal care programme: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Escribano Marta , Herrera David , Morante Sergio , Teughels Wim , Quirynen Marc , Sanz Mariano 
Published: January 2010

Escribano M, Herrera D, Morante S, Teughels W, Quirynen M, Sanz M. Efficacy of a low‐concentration chlorhexidine mouthrinse in non‐compliant periodontitis patients attending a supportive periodontal care programme: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 266–275. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2009.01521.x.AbstractObjective: To assess the clinical and microbiological efficacy of a 0.05% chlorhexidine and 0.05% cetyl‐pyridinium chloride mouth rinse in supportive periodontal care (SPC) in patients with inadequate plaque control.Material and Methods: The study was a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial in patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis under SPC with an inadequate plaque control (Turesky index >1). After supragingival prophylaxis and oral hygiene reinforcement, participants rinsed twice a day for 3 months with the test or placebo solutions, in addition to conventional hygiene. Primary clinical outcome variables included plaque and gingival indices. As secondary outcomes, periodontal and microbiological variables were studied. ancova and χ2 tests were used to compare the variables.Results: Forty‐seven patients (22 placebo and 25 test group) participated. After 3 months, plaque levels increased in the placebo group, while diminished in the test group (p<0.001). Similar effects were found for bleeding on probing. The other clinical parameters did not show significant differences. Microbiological variables demonstrated inter‐group significant reductions in subgingival counts of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia and a decrease of the total bacterial counts in saliva.Conclusions: The tested mouth rinse demonstrated efficacy in reducing plaque and gingivitis, as well as in decreasing the microbial load in saliva and gingival sulcus.
Growth/differentiation factor‐5: a candidate therapeutic agent for periodontal regeneration? A review of pre‐clinical data
Authors: Moore Yolanda R. , Dickinson Douglas P. , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. 
Published: January 2010

Moore YR, Dickinson DP, Wikesjö UME. Growth/differentiation factor‐5: a candidate therapeutic agent for periodontal regeneration? A review of pre‐clinical data. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 288–298. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2009.01527.x.AbstractAim: Therapeutic concepts involving the application of matrix, growth and differentiation factors have been advocated in support of periodontal wound healing/regeneration. Growth/differentiation factor‐5 (GDF‐5), a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family, represents one such factor. The purpose of this review is to provide a background of the therapeutic effects of GDF‐5 expressed in various musculoskeletal settings using small and large animal platforms.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify all reports in the English language evaluating GDF‐5 using the PubMed and Google search engines, and a manual search of the reference lists from the electronically retrieved reports. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts from a total of 69 reports, 22 of which were identified as pre‐clinical (in vivo) evaluations of GDF‐5. The full‐length article of the 22 pre‐clinical reports was then reviewed.Results: Various applications including cranial and craniofacial bone formation, spine fusion, long bone fracture healing, cartilage, and tendon/ligament repair using a variety of small and large animal platforms evaluating GDF‐5 as a therapeutic agent were identified. A majority of studies, using biomechanical, radiographic, and histological analysis, demonstrated significant dose‐dependent effects of GDF‐5. These include increased/enhanced local bone formation, fracture healing/repair, and cartilage and tendon/ligament formation. GDF‐5 frequently was shown to accelerate wound maturation. Several studies demonstrated GDF‐5 to be a realistic alternative to autograft bone. Studies using pre‐clinical models and human histology suggest GDF‐5 may also increase/enhance periodontal wound healing/regeneration.Conclusions: GDF‐5 appears a promising therapeutic agent for periodontal wound healing/regeneration as GDF‐5 supports/accelerates bone and tendon/ligament formation in several musculoskeletal settings including periodontal tissues.
Diagnosis of jaw and dentoalveolar fractures in a traumatized patient with cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Dölekoğlu Semanur , Fişekçioğlu Erdoğan , İlgüy Dilhan , İlgüy Mehmet , Bayirli Gündüz 
Published: January 2010

Abstract – The purpose of this case report is to discuss and illustrate the clinical usage of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) for the diagnosis of maxillofacial fractures in a traumatized patient. In this presentation, a 30‐year‐old male patient who was referred to Oral Diagnosis and Radiology Department with a limitation of mouth opening was reported. The history of the patient revealed a traumatic injury on his face because of a fall. The patient was initially examined by a medical practitioner in the emergency department of a public hospital. According to 2D cephalometric analysis, no fracture existed. Panoramic radiograph and postero‐anterior reverse‐town showed bilateral condyle fractures. In addition, a fracture in the left mandibular incisor region could clearly be detected on the panoramic radiograph. For further diagnosis, digital images were taken with CBCT. Cross‐sectional views showed two vertical fracture lines on the alveolar bone between teeth numbers 17, 18 and 14, 15. A palatal root fracture was observed associated with tooth number 18. A fracture line in the left mandibular incisor region as well as bilateral condyle fractures could be seen clearly on CBCT views. CBCT is becoming a popular tool in modern dental practise. In the diagnosis of dentoalveolar fractures, CBCT has made it possible for the practitioner to get more detailed information.
Prevalence of traumatic injuries to maxillary permanent teeth in 9‐ to 14‐year‐old school children in Yazd, Iran
Authors: Navabazam Alireza , Farahani Shokoufeh Shahrabi 
Published: January 2010

Abstract –  Aim: Trauma to maxillary anterior teeth is a common reason for emergency room visits among children; therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and related factors of such trauma among 9‐ to 14‐year‐old children in Yazd. Materials and methods: A sample of 1440 schoolchildren aged 9–14 years old, consisting of 720 boys and 720 girls, were randomly selected from 24 schools in Yazd. Ellis classification was used to record the dental injuries. Results: The prevalence found was 27.56%. The occurrence of trauma was significantly higher in male patients; furthermore, most of the dental trauma occurred in children between 9 and 10 years of age (47.38%). The most common type of injury was the ‘enamel only’ fracture; falls being the main cause of trauma. The most affected tooth was the maxillary central incisor Conclusions: The prevalence and most common causal factor of traumatic injuries to the maxillary anterior teeth in schoolchildren living in Yazd was approximately the same as that found in other countries.
Implantation of Artificial Penile Nodules—A Review of Literature
Authors: Fischer Nicolas , Hauser Stefan , Brede Olivier , Fisang Christian , Müller Stefan 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The implantation of penile nodules under the foreskin is unusual in Western society. This practice is known in Slavic and Asian cultures and occasionally appears in the western world. We review the historical and medical evidence found in world literature to this date.

Aim
We discuss case reports and other literature on penile nodules and evaluate their medical significance.

Main Outcome Measures
Literature search for MEDLINE publications and additional references from non-Medline indexed publications concerning the implantation of foreign bodies under the foreskin.

Methods
Literature search for MEDLINE-indexed papers followed by a manual bibliographic review of cross-references. We extended the search to non-MEDLINE references using an Internet-based search engine. More information was retrieved by contacting different experts. A statistical analysis was applied to the data collected.

Results
There seems to be a predominance of penile bead implantation in Asian countries. The average age of a patient was 25.47 years. The average number of beads implanted was 2.71. There is a higher risk of becoming a sexually transmitted disease.

Conclusions
The prevalence of complications seems to be low. The incidence and severity of early or delayed complications are unknown but are probably underreported. Complications associated with this procedure should be known, especially partner complications. These nodules will possibly be encountered more often in western countries.