bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological Determinants of Erectile Dysfunction: Testing a Cognitive–Emotional Model
Authors: Nobre Pedro J. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionRecent studies have shown the impact of sexual dysfunctional beliefs, negative cognitive schemas, negative automatic thoughts, and depressed affect on male erectile dysfunction. Despite this fact, there are only few conceptual models that try to integrate these findings, and more importantly, there is a lack of studies that test the validity of those conceptual models.AimThe aim of the present article was to test a cognitive–emotional model for erectile dysfunction. Taking previous research findings into account, we developed a cognitive–emotional model for erectile disorder (ED) and used path analysis to test it.MethodsA total of 352 men (303 participants from the general population and 49 participants with a DSM-IV diagnosis of sexual dysfunction) answered a set of questionnaires assessing cognitive and emotional variables.Main Outcome MeasuresErectile Function measured by the EF subscale of the International Index of Erectile Function, cognitive schemas measured by the Questionnaire of Cognitive Schema Activation in Sexual Context, sexual beliefs measured by the Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire, thoughts and emotions measured by the Sexual Modes Questionnaire.ResultsThe effects of the main proposed direct predictors explained 55% of the erectile function variance (R=0.74). Most remaining direct effects proposed in the model were also statistically significant. The analysis of the absolute residuals showed that most of the implied correlations were close to the observed zero order correlations, indicated the adjustment of the model to the observed data.ConclusionsThese findings support the role played by cognitive and emotional factors on the predisposition and maintenance of male erectile dysfunction and suggest important implications for assessment and treatment of ED.
Furthering the Understanding of Parent–Child Relationships: A Nursing Scholarship Review Series. Part 5: Parent–Adolescent and Teen Parent–Child Relationships
Authors: Riesch Susan K. , Anderson Lori S. , Pridham Karen A. , Lutz Kristin F. , Becker Patricia T. 
Published: January 2010

PURPOSE. The purpose of this paper is to examine nursing's contribution to understanding the parent–adolescent and the teen parent–child relationships.CONCLUSION. Relationships between parents and adolescents may reflect turmoil and affect adolescents' health and development. The social and developmental contexts for teen parenting are powerful and may need strengthening. Several interventions to help teen mothers interact sensitively with their infants have been developed and tested.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Nurse researchers have begun to provide evidence for practitioners to use in caring for families of adolescents and teen parents to acquire interaction skills that, in turn, may promote optimal health and development of the child.
Consumer Acceptance of Ozone‐Treated Whole Shell Eggs
Authors: Kamotani Setsuko , Hooker Neal , Smith Stephanie , Lee Ken 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT:  Ozone‐based processing is a novel technology with potentially fewer adverse effects than in‐shell thermal pasteurization of eggs. There are no consumer acceptance studies published on ozone‐treated eggs. This study examines consumers’ ability to detect changes between ozone‐treated, thermal‐treated, and fresh untreated eggs. Consumers (n = 111) evaluated visual attributes of uncooked eggs and a separate group of consumers (n = 132) evaluated acceptability of cooked eggs. Consumers evaluated attribute intensity of the eggs. The yolks and albumens of the thermal‐treated and ozone‐treated eggs were perceived to be significantly cloudier than the untreated control, while the ozone‐treated eggs were more similar to control (P < 0.05). The yolks of ozone‐treated eggs were perceived to have significantly lower heights and greater spreads than the others (P < 0.05). Despite these perceptions, overall visual appeal of ozone‐treated eggs was not significantly different from control eggs. A separate set of consumers used hedonic scales to evaluate overall liking, appearance, aroma, flavor, and texture of cooked eggs. Just‐about‐right (JAR) scales were used to rate the color, moistness, and texture. There were no differences on any attribute scores between the treatments, except thermal‐treated and ozone‐treated were perceived as less moist than the control. There were no adverse effects on consumer acceptance of eggs, treated with ozone, with acceptance the same as an untreated control. These findings are useful as ozone pasteurization can enhance the safety of fresh shell eggs to meet the goals of the U.S. Egg Safety Action Plan.Practical Application: The U.S. Egg Safety Action Plan requires all shell eggs to be pasteurized to prevent foodborne illness. Heat pasteurization partially cooks the egg, so an alternative process uses ozone with less heat. This study shows the ozone pasteurization has no detectable sensory defects.
Effect of Fish and Oil Nature on Frying Process and Nutritional Product Quality
Authors: Ansorena Diana , Guembe Ainhoa , Mendizábal Tatiana , Astiasarán Iciar 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT:  The modifications on a lean fish (cod—Gadus morhua) and a fatty fish (farmed salmon—Salmo salar) after the application of pan‐frying using 2 types of oil with different lipid profile (extra virgin olive oil and sunflower oil) was the aim of this study. Fat content and total energetic value increased significantly after the frying process only in the lean fish, without relevant changes in the fatty fish. Extra virgin olive oil led to a higher fat absorption rate than sunflower oil in both fish. Frying hardly affected the lipid profile of farmed salmon regardless the oil used, however it drastically changed in fried cod compared to raw cod. Omega‐6/omega‐3 ratio increased from 0.08 in raw cod to 1.01 and 6.63 in fried cod with olive oil and sunflower oil, respectively. In farmed salmon, the omega‐6/omega‐3 ratio was 0.38 (raw), and 0.39 to 0.58 in fried salmon. The amount of EPA + DHA slightly decreased with frying in salmon, and increased in cod. The type of oil has more influence in the nutritional fish quality for the lean fish compared to that of the fatty fish. The use of extra virgin olive oil was efficient to avoid a significant increase of the lipid oxidation intensity during frying in cod but not in salmon.Practical Application: Food modifies its composition and nutritional value with the application of cooking technologies. As most food table composition tables are based on raw food products, this article contributes with interesting data on pan‐fried fish composition, which may improve the approach to achieve a real intake of healthy nutrients as omega 3 fatty acids.
Reductive dechlorination of 2‐chlorophenol by Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans with an electrode serving as the electron donor
Authors: Strycharz Sarah M. , Gannon Sarah M. , Boles Amber R. , Franks Ashley E. , Nevin Kelly P. , Lovley Derek R. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryElectrodes poised at potentials low enough to serve as an electron donor for microbial respiration, but high enough to avoid the production of hydrogen, have been proposed as an alternative to the use of soluble electron donors for stimulating the bioremediation of chlorinated contaminants and/or metals. However, this form of respiration using pure cultures of microorganisms has only been reported in Geobacter species. To further evaluate this bioremediation strategy studies were conducted with Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans, which has previously been reported to reductively dechlorinate 2‐chlorophenol to phenol with acetate as the electron donor. Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans could oxidize acetate with electron transfer to a graphite electrode poised at a positive potential, demonstrating its ability to directly exchange electrons with electrodes. Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans attached to electrodes poised at −300 mV versus standard hydrogen electrode reductively dechlorinated 2‐chlorophenol to phenol. There was no dechlorination in the absence of A. dehalogenans and electrode‐driven dechlorination stopped when the supply of electrons to the electrode was disrupted. The findings that microorganisms other than Geobacter species can accept electrons from electrodes for anaerobic respiration and that chlorinated aromatic compounds can be dechlorinated in this manner suggest that there may be substantial potential for treating a diversity of contaminants with microbe–electrode interactions.
Temperature affects Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor persistence in the aquatic environment via an enhanced expression of GbpA and MSHA adhesins
Authors: Stauder Monica , Vezzulli Luigi , Pezzati Elisabetta , Repetto Barbara , Pruzzo Carla 
Published: January 2010

Summary Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor attachment to chitin and biofilm formation on polyvinylchloride surfaces via the N‐acetylglucosamine‐binding protein A (GbpA) and the mannose‐sensitive haemagglutinin (MSHA) were investigated under different temperature and salinity conditions simulating those found in the aquatic environment. In vitro tests showed that mshA and gbpA defective V. cholerae N16961 strains displayed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in attachment to chitin in comparison with the parent in all the environmental conditions tested. The lack of mshA, but not gbpA, resulted in a significant decrease (P < 0.05) of V. cholerae N16961 strain ability to form biofilm. Wild‐type attachment to chitin and biofilm formation increased from 15°C to 25°C as did gbpA and mshA expression. In situ data obtained analysing zooplankton and water samples collected in coastal waters of NW Mediterranean Sea over an annual cycle showed that the percentage of plankton‐associated V. cholerae was positive correlated with sea surface temperature, and increased dramatically at temperature values above 22°C. It is suggested that temperature plays a major role in affecting persistence of V. cholerae in the aquatic environment by promoting colonization of environmental surfaces, via an enhanced expression of both mshA and gbpA.
Quorum sensing signal production and inhibition by coral‐associated vibrios
Authors: Tait Karen , Hutchison Zoe , Thompson Fabiano L. , Munn Colin B. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryCorals are inhabited by complex communities of microbes that affect their growth and survival. Several studies suggest that coral disease may be attributed to the success of vibrios in out‐competing other bacteria in the mucus and tissues of corals. Vibrios utilize a variety of quorum sensing (QS) signal molecules to regulate processes that could be used to colonize corals during adverse environmental conditions. We therefore screened a range ofVibriosisolated from a variety of healthy and diseased corals, for the production of the QS signal molecules,N‐acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) and the AI‐2 (autoinducer‐2) small furanone signal molecule. All 29 strains examined activated the AI‐2 biosensor, but only 17 activated an AHL biosensor. Using reverse phase thin‐layer chromatography, we showed that the effect of temperature on AHL production varied considerably among the isolates. For the first time, the QS inhibition byVibrio harveyiis reported. This only occurred at higher temperatures and does not appear to be due to degradation of AHLs. The large diversity of vibrios and the different effects of temperature on signal production may partly explain the complexity of coral‐associated community changes in response to environmental factors.
Serodiversity and ecological distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Venetian Lagoon, Northeast Italy
Authors: Caburlotto Greta , Haley Bradd J. , Lleò Maria M. , Huq Anwar , Colwell Rita R. 
Published: January 2010

Summary Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a natural inhabitant of estuarine and marine environments constituting part of the autochthonous microflora. This species is associated with human gastroenteritis caused by ingestion of contaminated water and undercooked seafood. During the past several years, the number of V. parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis cases have increased worldwide, causing over half of all food‐poisoning outbreaks of bacterial origin. Vibrio populations in water are known to be influenced by environmental factors. Notably, it has been shown that in different parts of the world the distribution of V. parahaemolyticus in the marine environment is related to the water temperature. In this study, we identified environmental determinants affecting distribution of V. parahaemolyticus in the Venetian Lagoon, in the Italian North Adriatic Sea. Data obtained revealed that sea surface temperature constitutes the key factor influencing occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus, but salinity and chlorophyll concentration are also important. Serotyping of a collection of V. parahaemolyticus environmental isolates revealed high serodiversity, with serotypes O3:KUT and O1:KUT, belonging to the ‘pandemic group’, occurring with higher frequency. From our results, we conclude that there is no correlation between serotype and specific geographic site or season of the year. However, certain serotypes were isolated in the Lagoon during the entire 18 months of the study, strongly suggesting persistence in this environment.
Putatively free‐living ‘Endomicrobia’– ancestors of the intracellular symbionts of termite gut flagellates?
Authors: Ikeda‐Ohtsubo Wakako , Faivre Nicolas , Brune Andreas 
Published: January 2010

SummaryEndomicrobia represent a candidate class in the Elusimicrobia phylum (formerly Termite Group 1) and were originally described as obligate intracellular symbionts of gut flagellates in lower termites. However, 16S rRNA gene sequences of Endomicrobia have been detected also in the gut of insects that do not possess such flagellates, e.g. higher termites and cockroaches. When we eliminated the large gut flagellates of Reticulitermes santonensis by feeding a starch diet, we discovered novel lineages of Endomicrobia that were hitherto undetected in normally faunated specimens. The new phylotypes are clearly separated from the endosymbionts of gut flagellates and fall into the radiation of those from flagellate‐free insects. Comprehensive phylogenetic analysis documented that Endomicrobia comprise an apical cluster of endosymbionts that is not necessarily monophyletic and several apparently basal lineages that include bacteria present in the gut of defaunated lower termites, the naturally flagellate‐free guts of higher termites and scarab beetle larvae, and in the cow rumen. We propose that these lineages represent hitherto undetected free‐living Endomicrobia that share a common ancestor with the intracellular symbionts.
Presence of the siderophores pyoverdine and pyochelin in the extracellular medium reduces toxic metal accumulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and increases bacterial metal tolerance
Authors: Braud Armelle , Geoffroy Valérie , Hoegy Françoise , Mislin Gaëtan L. A. , Schalk Isabelle J. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryIn order to get access to iron, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 produces two major siderophores pyoverdine (PVD) and pyochelin (PCH). Both siderophores are able to chelate many other metals in addition to iron. However, despite this property, only iron is transported efficiently into the bacteria by the PVD and PCH uptake pathways. Growth studies with P. aeruginosa strains showed a lower sensitivity to toxic metals for the siderophore‐producing strain than for the mutants unable to produce siderophores. Moreover, addition of PVD or PCH to the growth medium of a siderophore‐deficient strain considerably reduced the toxicity of toxic metals present at concentrations of 100 µM in iron‐limited and iron‐supplemented growth conditions. Measurement by Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Atomic Emission Spectrometry of the concentration of metals present in bacteria incubated with metals in the presence or absence of PVD or PCH indicated that both siderophores were able to sequester metals from the extracellular medium of the bacteria, decreasing metal diffusion into the bacteria. Pyoverdine was able to sequester Al3+, Co2+, Cu2+, Eu3+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Tb3+ and Zn2+ from the extracellular medium, and PCH, Al3+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+. Moreover, the presence of 100 µM Cu2+ and Ni2+ increased PVD production by 290% and 380%, respectively, in a medium supplemented with iron. All these data suggest that PVD and PCH may contribute to P. aeruginosa resistance to heavy metals.
LOCAL CONSTRUCTION AND COLORING OF SPANNERS OF LOCATION AWARE UNIT DISK GRAPHS
Authors: WIESE ANDREAS , KRANAKIS EVANGELOS 
Published: January 2010

We look at the problem of coloring locally specially constructed spanners of unit disk graphs. First we present a local approximation algorithm for the vertex coloring problem in Unit Disk Graphs (UDGs) which uses at most four times as many colors as an optimal solution requires. Next we look at the colorability of spanners of UDGs. In particular we present a local algorithm for constructing a 4-colorable spanner of a unit disk graph. The output consists of the spanner and the 4-coloring. The computed spanner also has the properties that it is planar, the degree of a vertex in the spanner is at most 5 and the angles between two edges are at least π/3. By enlarging the locality distance (i.e. the size of the neighborhood which a vertex has to explore in order to compute its color) we can ensure the total weight of the spanner to be arbitrarily close to the weight of a minimum spanning tree. We prove that a local algorithm cannot compute a bipartite spanner of a unit disk graph and therefore our algorithm needs at most one color more than any local algorithm for the task requires. Moreover, we prove that there is no local algorithm for 3-coloring UDGs or spanners of UDGs, even if the 3-colorability of the graph (or the spanner respectively) is guaranteed in advance.
Making a Place To Take a Stand: Jonathan Z. Smith and the Politics and Poetics of Comparison'
Authors: Urban Hugh B. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe work of Jonathan Z. Smith represents perhaps the most intelligent and persuasive approach to the problem of comparison in the history of religions; yet it is also one that remains surprisingly undeveloped, leaving many troubling unanswered problems. The first problem is that one of Smith's finest insights is also one of the most theoretically confused-namely, his insight that comparison works essentially like a metaphor. Comparison, for Smith, does not tell us "how things are"; rather, it playfully juxtaposes two different things, manipulating their similarity and difference in order to open up fresh insights into both. Yet rather strangely, Smith's notion of metaphor relies on a problematic model. The second, more troubling, problem is Smith's central idea that the historian "has no place to stand"-that is to say, scholars have no fixed, normative position in relation to their data. Yet any reader of Smith's work quickly realizes that Smith does in fact have a real normative and interested "place to stand." Instead of a "placeless comparison," this paper argues for an interested and placed comparison one that renders the scholar's own political interests as explicit as possible from the outset, while at same time submitting them to scrutiny, critique and the Possibility of change.
Wesen und Erscheinung In the history of the study of religion: A post-structuralist perspective1
Authors: Murphy Tim 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAfter arguing that classical phenomenology of religion is more heir to Hegelian rather than Husserlian phenomenolgy, this article proposes that the Hegelian concept of an essential and unified human nature grounds the basic operations of the field. Such Hegelian motifs as the insistence on essence and structure as the pnmary heuristic tools for understanding historical materials and the appeal to a universal and transcendental subjectivity which unites historically diverse moments are identified in the writings of Tiele, Chanteple, Otto, Hultkrantz, and Eliade, among others. The article concludes with a post-structualist critique of ideological humanism's construction of trans-historical identities and suggests that by delineating more fully the Hegelian heritage of phenomenology of religion, understood as discursive practice intimately involved in the construction of its object, such categories as "Religion" may turn out to be more an integral part of Occidental Humanism than a universal feature of human societies.
Eroticism, violence, and sacrifice: A postmodern theory of religion and ritual
Authors: Olson Carl 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA fascinating and controversial theory of religion and ritual is offered by Georges Bataille, an influential French postmodern thinker and writer In his collected works he suggests that religion, which he identifies with the sacred, can best be understood by the interconnections and workings of eroticism, violence, and sacrifice. The key to understanding Bataille's theory is to focus on his concept of eroticism, which was one of his life-long obsessions. According to Bataille, a common feature of eroticism, sacrifice, and religion is violence which represents a danger to overflow at anytime. If eroticism opens the way to death, sacrifice effects it. Unable to reject violence, Bataille maintained that human beings practice both internal and external forms of violence in sacrifice. And because the love object of a sexual encounter and the victim of a sacrifice are stripped of their identity in these respective activities, there is an intimate connection between eroticism and sacrifice. Due to the fact that Bataille does not use ample examples from various religions to support his theory, this paper tests his ideas by applying them to the Sun Dance of the Sioux. This dramatic form of sacrifice enables one to recognize the many deficiencies of Bataille's theory.
Archaeology as space technology: Digging for gender and class in holy land
Authors: Sawicki Mananne 
Published: January 2010

AbstractContemporary archaeology offers three methodological options: the classlcal, the processual or scientific, and the post-processual. I propose a stance of "chastened realism" that integrates aspects of all three options toward a program for recovering information about non-élite sectors of ancient societies, and particularly for reconstructing their systems of gender, kinship, and labour The discipline of archaeology manipulates space in the effort to understand it. However the space that one seeks to understand - that is, to manage epistemologically - is space that already has undergone material, logical, and ideological management. Archaeology in the mode of "chastened realism" is a reflective technique for understanding multiply managed space. Examples taken from gender archaeology as conducted in the Amerleas suggest how questions of gender and economic organization might be investigated in Israel, with particular attention to the city of Sepphorts in Galilee in the era of the Gospels and the Mishnah (1-2 century C.E.).
British views on religion and religions in the age of William and Mary
Authors: Pailin David A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe article provides a glimpse into the antecedents of the modern study of religion and religions by outlining the extent and variety of the different attitudes to other religions that are to be found in works published in Britain around the last decade of the seventeenth century. After noting the character of the contemporary debate about reason, religious belief and revelation that provides the background to many of the references to other religions and that significantly moulds their content, the article considers, in turn, the style and range of references to other religions, views on so-called "natural religion" and on the universality of religious belief, and the ways in which Judaism and Islam were treated. The article closes with some remarks on what this material suggests about the motive, source materials and method involved in the study of religion.