bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility biomechanical study of injectable Biphasic Calcium Phosphate bone cement augmentation of the proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) for the treatment of two intertrochanteric fractures using cadaveric femur
Authors: Tangkanjanavelukul Ponthep , Thaitalay Paritat , Srisuwan Sawitri , Petchwisai Pongpayap , Thasanaraphan Pornsak , Saramas Yotakarn , Nimarkorn Kittiphong , Warojananulak Woranat , Kanchanomai Chaosuan , Rattanachan Sirirat Tubsungnoen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study evaluated the feasibility of the femoral bone after fixation using biphasic calcium phosphate cement-augmentation of the proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) compared with PFNA without cement. This study presented to compare the stiffness, fatigue testing, and compressive strength between stable (AO31-A2.1) and unstable (AO31-A3.3) intertrochanteric fractures treated by cement augmented PFNA of the cadaveric femoral. Biphasic calcium phosphate cement was injected to align and compatible with PFNA and the reconstructive procedure was monitored the cement placement using x-ray imaging during operation. The testing demonstrated that the cement could be injected through a small needle (13 G, 16 cm length, 1.8 mm inner diameter) within a suitable operating time. The feasibility study of the biomechanical testing was divided into three tests: stiffness test, fatigue cyclic load, and compression test. The results showed that the cement-augmented specimens exhibited higher stiffness than the control specimens without cement. The cement-augmented specimens also showed lower strain energy during the fatigue test, resulting in higher compressive strength (4730.7 N) compared to the control specimens (3857.4 N). There is a correlation between BMD and fracture load and the increase in compression load of the cement-augmented femoral compared to the controls as well as an increase in strain energy of fatigue cyclic testing was found. Biphasic calcium phosphate cement-augmented of the PFNA biomechanically enhanced the cut-out resistance in intertrochanteric fracture. This procedure is especially efficient for unstable intertrochanteric fracture suggesting the potential benefits of using biphasic calcium phosphate cement in medical applications.
Structural and optical properties of polymer blend nanocomposites based on PVP/PVA incorporated AgNO3
Authors: Jalal Viyan J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, polymer nanocomposite based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and silver nitrate (AgNO3) has been prepared through chemical reduction rate and casting method for varying concentrations of AgNO3. The PVP/PVA blend consisted of 0.6 wt% PVP and 0.4 wt% PVA. Following that, polymer nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating different concentrations of AgNO3 (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%) into the polymer blend. The effects of different concentrations of AgNO3 on the structural and optical properties of the PVP/PVA blend were investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The XRD analysis demonstrated that increasing the concentration of AgNO3 results in a decrease in the degree of crystallinity from 53.73 in the PVP/PVA blend to 15.77 in the PVP/PVA nanocomposite containing 50 wt% AgNO3. UV–vis absorbance spectra were examined to determine optical properties such as the absorption coefficient, absorption edge, optical band gap, and tails of localized states. The results revealed that the increase in AgNO3 concentrations caused a reduction in the absorption edge and optical band gap, alongside an increase in Urbach energy.
Infrared image fault diagnosis based on dual-stream attention convolution network
Authors: Lu Dong , Yang Jing , Ming Lyu , Zhang Jie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The development of infrared image detection technology has improved the real-time performance and safety of fault diagnosis. To address the problem of insufficient features caused by the low resolution of infrared images, a fault diagnosis model for induction motor infrared images based on Dual-Stream Attention Convolutional (DSAC) is proposed. Firstly, this model employs a dual-stream convolutional neural network to extract spatial features in the X and Y directions of the infrared images separately. This dual-stream structure allows the network to simultaneously learn and utilize information from both X and Y directions, enabling a more comprehensive capture of temperature distribution and variation trends in the infrared images. Then, a convolutional attention mechanism is introduced to assign weights to the obtained features. The attention maps generated by the convolutional attention layer enhance key features while suppressing unimportant information, thereby enhancing the focusing performance of the DSAC model on critical features. Finally, the weighted dual-stream features are fused to achieve the goal of fault diagnosis for induction motor infrared images. The DSAC model is validated using the induction motor infrared image dataset from Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, demonstrating excellent diagnostic accuracy and speed on small sample datasets, providing a feasible solution for fault diagnosis of induction motor infrared images.
Quantum materials engineering by structured cavity vacuum fluctuations
Authors: Hübener Hannes , Boström Emil Viñas , Claassen Martin , Latini Simone , Rubio Angel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A paradigm shift in the research of optical cavities is taking place, focusing on the properties of materials inside cavities. The possibility to affect changes of material groundstates with or without actual photon population inside cavities is an avenue that promises a novel view of materials science and provides a new knob to control quantum phenomena in materials. Here, we present three theoretical scenarios where such groundstate quantum phase transitions are predicted by the coupling of the matter to mere vacuum fluctuations of the cavity, as a realizations of cavity materials engineering in the dark.
More than Justice
Authors: Wilson Ross 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins by noting the involvement literariness and persuasion in Hazlitt’s writing and develops two lines of interpretation from there. First, the chapter examines the importance of mobility—or, more specifically, the refusal of stasis—to Hazlitt’s conception of sound reasoning. Second, the chapter shows how this emphasis on cognitive movement entails a radical reconception of the ways in which balance may (or may not be) a virtue of judgment. Balance, for Hazlitt, is a dynamic, potentially precarious condition rather than a settled state to be achieved by means of rhetoric (as it had been, for instance, in the classical rhetorical tradition). The chapter discusses a number of Hazlitt’s works, including his A Letter to William Gifford and Political Essays, focusing in particular on his engagement with Edmund Burke; it opens by contextualizing the opposition between literariness and persuasion through recourse to comments by John Stuart Mill, W. B. Yeats, and Theodor W. Adorno.
Persuasion
Authors: Ferguson Frances 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
“Persuasion: Oratory and the Novel” opens by considering Adam Smith’s disparagement of Cicero for highlighting his own authority. While it is not clear that Samuel Richardson knew of Smith’s thinking at the time he was writing and publishing Clarissa, Smith’s discussion chimes with Richardson’s recessive authorship and promotion of the words of the characters themselves to centrality. Moreover, Richardson’s work as the printer of record for the House of Commons would have made him acquainted with the expansion of court reporting as Thomas Gurney launched it with shorthand in the Old Bailey, capturing the exact words of a range of different speakers. Shorthand technology, once a means for preserving the words of a few, became the means of preserving the exact words of many. It also forwarded Richardson in developing Clarissa as a high-water mark for the multi-voiced novel.
The Tone Police
Authors: McGrath Brian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the Critique of Judgment, Immanuel Kant celebrates poetry and denigrates rhetoric. Unlike poetry, which expands the mind by setting the imagination free, rhetoric is artful trickery. Kant, however, recognizes that rhetoric cannot easily be eliminated and offers tone as a substitute for rhetoric. To take up the questions about persuasion after rhetoric central to this volume, this chapter begins with Kant’s embrace of tone as an alternative to rhetoric. After discussion of Kant’s critical writing, the chapter turns to the writing of James Baldwin, in particular his essay “The White Problem,” in which he imagines his audience interrupting him to ask, “But why are you so bitter?” In contemporary parlance, Baldwin imagines himself tone policed, and goes on to expose as fantasy the idea of a neutral tone. Given our contemporary awareness of what goes by the name “tone policing,” this chapter places Kant and Baldwin together to explore several related questions: why does tone emerge after rhetoric? What is it about tone that calls for policing? And what do efforts to police tone tell us about tone’s persuasive power?
Proof Possible
Authors: Stout Daniel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In our dominant story about modernity, the objective knowledge understood to be paradigmatic of the Enlightenment sweeps away other and older bodies of knowledge—among them the arts of rhetorical persuasion which emphasized context-specificity (e.g., decorum) and speaker-centered forms of authority (e.g., charisma). Once objective science is on the scene, a binary system of right and wrong or logical and illogical replaces the analog push-and-pull of persuasion. In a world of facts, there are many things to know—and nothing to be persuaded about. This essay argues that this view of modernity and its attendant ideas about rhetoric and persuasion are mistaken. An examination of two paradigmatically objectivist, veridical enterprises—natural science and the law—reveals not just persuasion’s continued relevance in the later eighteenth century but its indispensability. Neither natural science nor the law, it turns out, was in a position to limit its operations to the transcription of objective fact. Scientific atlases aimed to represent the truth of natural species, not individual specimens; and the law’s increasing emphasis on circumstantial evidence asked juries think in terms of probabilities (e.g., “more likely than not”) rather than objective facts and to weigh evidence against standards (e.g., “beyond reasonable doubt”) that are not susceptible to objective formalization.
The association of short-term increases in ambient PM2.5 and temperature exposures with stillbirth: racial/ethnic disparities among Medicaid recipients
Authors: Shupler Matthew , Huybrechts Krista , Leung Michael , Wei Yaguang , Schwartz Joel , Hernandez-Diaz Sonia , Papatheodorou Stefania 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Racial/ethnic disparities in the association between short-term (eg, days, weeks), ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and temperature exposures and stillbirth in the United States have been understudied. A time-stratified, case-crossover design using a distributed lag nonlinear model (0- to 6-day lag) was used to estimate stillbirth odds due to short-term increases in average daily PM2.5 and temperature exposures among 118 632 Medicaid recipients from 2000 to 2014. Disparities by maternal race/ethnicity (Black, White, Hispanic, Asian, American Indian) and zip code–level socioeconomic status (SES) were assessed. In the temperature-adjusted model, a 10 μg m−3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was marginally associated with increased stillbirth odds at lag 1 (0.68%; 95% CI, −0.04% to 1.40%) and lag 2 (0.52%; 95% CI, −0.03 to 1.06) but not lag 0-6 (2.80%; 95% CI, −0.81 to 6.45). An association between daily PM2.5 concentrations and stillbirth odds was found among Black individuals at the cumulative lag (0-6 days: 9.26% 95% CI, 3.12%-15.77%) but not among other races or ethnicities. A stronger association between PM2.5 concentrations and stillbirth odds existed among Black individuals living in zip codes with the lowest median household income (lag 0-6: 14.13%; 95% CI, 4.64%-25.79%). Short-term temperature increases were not associated with stillbirth risk among any race/ethnicity. Black Medicaid enrollees, and especially those living in lower SES areas, may be more vulnerable to stillbirth due to short-term increases in PM2.5 exposure.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.
Endometrial cancer survival in populations of African descent
Authors: Medina Heidy N , Penedo Frank J , Deloumeaux Jacqueline , Joachim Clarisse , Koru-Sengul Tulay , Macni Jonathan , Bhakkan Bernard , Peruvien Jessica , Schlumbrecht Matthew P , Pinheiro Paulo S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To examine whether the endometrial cancer (EC) survival disadvantage among Black populations is US-specific, a comparison between African-descent populations from different countries with a high development index is warranted. We analyzed 28 213 EC cases from cancer registries in Florida (2005-2018) and the French Caribbean islands of Martinique (2005-2018) and Guadeloupe (2008-2018) combined. Kaplan-Meier and all-cause Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare survival. Models were stratified by EC histology type and the main predictor examined was race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White [NHW] and no-Hispanic Black [NHB] women in the United States versus Black women residing in the Caribbean). For endometrioid and nonendometrioid EC, after adjusting for age, histology, stage at diagnosis, receipt of surgery, period of diagnosis, and poverty level, US NHB women and Caribbean Black women had a higher risk of death relative to US NHW women. There was no difference between US NHB and Caribbean Black women (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.88-1.30) with endometrioid EC. However, Caribbean Black women with nonendometrioid carcinomas had a 40% higher risk of death (HR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.13-1.74) than US NHB women. The low EC survival among US Black women extends to foreign populations of African descent. For the aggressive nonendometrioid ECs, survival among Caribbean Black women outside of the United States is considerably worse.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Gynecological Cancers.
The meso-connectomes of mouse, marmoset, and macaque: network organization and the emergence of higher cognition
Authors: Magrou Loïc , Joyce Mary Kate P , Froudist-Walsh Sean , Datta Dibyadeep , Wang Xiao-Jing , Martinez-Trujillo Julio , Arnsten Amy F T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The recent publications of the inter-areal connectomes for mouse, marmoset, and macaque cortex have allowed deeper comparisons across rodent vs. primate cortical organization. In general, these show that the mouse has very widespread, “all-to-all” inter-areal connectivity (i.e. a “highly dense” connectome in a graph theoretical framework), while primates have a more modular organization. In this review, we highlight the relevance of these differences to function, including the example of primary visual cortex (V1) which, in the mouse, is interconnected with all other areas, therefore including other primary sensory and frontal areas. We argue that this dense inter-areal connectivity benefits multimodal associations, at the cost of reduced functional segregation. Conversely, primates have expanded cortices with a modular connectivity structure, where V1 is almost exclusively interconnected with other visual cortices, themselves organized in relatively segregated streams, and hierarchically higher cortical areas such as prefrontal cortex provide top–down regulation for specifying precise information for working memory storage and manipulation. Increased complexity in cytoarchitecture, connectivity, dendritic spine density, and receptor expression additionally reveal a sharper hierarchical organization in primate cortex. Together, we argue that these primate specializations permit separable deconstruction and selective reconstruction of representations, which is essential to higher cognition.
Development of neonatal connectome dynamics and its prediction for cognitive and language outcomes at age 2
Authors: Xu Yuehua , Liao Xuhong , Lei Tianyuan , Cao Miao , Zhao Jianlong , Zhang Jiaying , Zhao Tengda , Li Qiongling , Jeon Tina , Ouyang Minhui , Chalak Lina , Rollins Nancy , Huang Hao , He Yong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The functional brain connectome is highly dynamic over time. However, how brain connectome dynamics evolves during the third trimester of pregnancy and is associated with later cognitive growth remains unknown. Here, we use resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data from 39 newborns aged 32 to 42 postmenstrual weeks to investigate the maturation process of connectome dynamics and its role in predicting neurocognitive outcomes at 2 years of age. Neonatal brain dynamics is assessed using a multilayer network model. Network dynamics decreases globally but increases in both modularity and diversity with development. Regionally, module switching decreases with development primarily in the lateral precentral gyrus, medial temporal lobe, and subcortical areas, with a higher growth rate in primary regions than in association regions. Support vector regression reveals that neonatal connectome dynamics is predictive of individual cognitive and language abilities at 2 years of age. Our findings highlight network-level neural substrates underlying early cognitive development.
Gray matter volume of functionally relevant primary motor cortex is causally related to learning a hand motor task
Authors: Cobia Derin , Haut Marc W , Revill Kate P , Rellick Stephanie L , Nudo Randolph J , Wischnewski Miles , Buetefisch Cathrin M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Variability in brain structure is associated with the capacity for behavioral change. However, a causal link between specific brain areas and behavioral change (such as motor learning) has not been demonstrated. We hypothesized that greater gray matter volume of a primary motor cortex (M1) area active during a hand motor learning task is positively correlated with subsequent learning of the task, and that the disruption of this area blocks learning of the task. Healthy participants underwent structural MRI before learning a skilled hand motor task. Next, participants performed this learning task during fMRI to determine M1 areas functionally active during this task. This functional ROI was anatomically constrained with M1 boundaries to create a group-level “Active-M1” ROI used to measure gray matter volume in each participant. Greater gray matter volume in the left hemisphere Active-M1 ROI was related to greater motor learning in the corresponding right hand. When M1 hand area was disrupted with repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS), learning of the motor task was blocked, confirming its causal link to motor learning. Our combined imaging and rTMS approach revealed greater cortical volume in a task-relevant M1 area is causally related to learning of a hand motor task in healthy humans.
Management of acute coronary syndromes requiring coronary angiography in patients with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome induced by iodinated contrast media: two case reports and narrative review
Authors: Griffith Brookles Carola , Bianco Matteo , Pizzimenti Stefano , Gobello Giulia , Biolè Carloalberto , Destefanis Paola , Cerrato Enrico , Chinaglia Alessandra 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated contrast media (ICM) are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Severe manifestations, despite being infrequent, can be life-threatening and represent an issue when re-administration of ICM is required. Clear recommendations on prevention and management of relapses are still lacking.

Case summary
We present the cases of two patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome requiring urgent coronary angiography, with an anamnesis of ICM-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome. Both patients safely underwent a coronary angiography with the use of a different ICM (iobitridol) to the one linked to hypersensitivity manifestations, after premedication with corticosteroids and H1 antagonists.

Discussion
Our experience highlights that in clinical situations in which the use of ICM is urgently needed, premedication with corticosteroids and H1 antagonists together with the choice of an alternative contrast agent (when the culprit is known) represents an effective strategy to perform a potentially life-saving procedure while avoiding serious systemic allergic reactions.
Long-term effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Soulaidopoulos Stergios , Terentes-Printzios Dimitrios , Ioakeimidis Nikolaos , Tsioufis Konstantinos P , Vlachopoulos Charalambos 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), which are widely used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), have been found to exhibit systemic vascular benefits by improving endothelial function. In this context, we sought to evaluate the effects of PDE5i on long-term cardiovascular outcomes and mortality.

Methods and results
A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted up to 30 May 2023. Cohort studies comparing PDE5i treatment at any dose with other ED treatment, placebo or no treatment and minimum follow-up duration of 6 months were considered eligible. The primary endpoints were: (1) major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and (2) all-cause mortality. Pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Sixteen studies were included (1 257 759 subjects—10.5% treated with PDE5i). The majority of patients (99.4%) were men [median age 61.5 years (range 30–72.8)]. The median follow-up duration was 4.3 years (range 6 months–7.5 years). PDE5i use was associated with a significant reduction in the composite of MACE (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.69–0.89). Moreover, the analysis of pooled data from 13 studies, demonstrated that the use of PDE5i was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.56–0.87).

Conclusion
The use of PDE5i primarily in men with or without known coronary artery disease was associated with a lower risk for cardiovascular events and overall mortality. This information underlines that PDE5i could provide clinical benefit beyond ED treatment and could instigate the conduction of further, large-scale randomized clinical trials.