bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing a comparative approach to assess genome evolution during diploidization in Artemisia tridentata, a keystone species of western North America
Authors: Melton Anthony E. , Novak Stephen J. , Buerki Sven 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPremisePolyploidization is often followed by diploidization. Diploidization is generally studied using synthetic polyploid lines and/or crop plants, but rarely using extant diploids or nonmodel plants such as Artemisia tridentata. This threatened western North American keystone species has a large genome compared to congeneric Artemisia species; dominated by diploid and tetraploid cytotypes, with multiple origins of tetraploids with genome size reduction.MethodsThe genome of an A. tridentata sample was resequenced to study genome evolution and compared to that of A. annua, a diploid congener. Three diploid genomes of A. tridentata were compared to test for multiple diploidization events.ResultsThe A. tridentata genome had many chromosomal rearrangements relative to that of A. annua, while large‐scale synteny of A. tridentata chromosome 3 and A. annua chromosome 4 was conserved. The three A. tridentata genomes had similar sizes (4.19–4.2 Gbp), heterozygosity (2.24–2.25%), and sequence (98.73–99.15% similarity) across scaffolds, and in k‐mer analyses, similar patterns of diploid heterozygous k‐mers (AB = 41%, 47%, and 47%), triploid heterozygous k‐mers (AAB = 18–21%), and tetraploid k‐mers (AABB = 13–17%). Biallelic SNPs were evenly distributed across scaffolds for all individuals. Comparisons of transposable element (TE) content revealed differential enrichment of TE clades.ConclusionsOur findings suggest population‐level TE differentiation after a shared polyploidization‐to‐diploidization event(s) and exemplify the complex processes of genome evolution. This research approached provides new resources for exploration of abiotic stress response, especially the roles of TEs in response pathways.
Expansion of highly interferon‐responsive T cells in early‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sirkis Daniel W. , Warly Solsberg Caroline , Johnson Taylor P. , Bonham Luke W. , Oddi Alexis P. , Geier Ethan G. , Miller Bruce L. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Yokoyama Jennifer S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAltered immune signatures are emerging as a central theme in neurodegenerative disease, yet little is known about immune responses in early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD).METHODSWe examined single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) data from CD4 T cells from participants with EOAD and clinically normal controls.RESULTSWe analyzed PBMCs from 16 individuals by scRNA‐seq and discovered increased interferon signaling‐associated gene (ISAG) expression and striking expansion of antiviral‐like ISAGhi T cells in EOAD. Isolating CD4 T cells from 19 individuals, including four cases analyzed by scRNA‐seq, we confirmed increased expression of ISAGhi marker genes. Publicly available cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte scRNA‐seq data from late‐onset mild cognitive impairment and AD also revealed increased expression of interferon‐response genes.DISCUSSIONAntiviral‐like ISAGhi T cells are expanded in EOAD. Additional research into these cells and the role of heightened peripheral IFN signaling in neurodegeneration is warranted.Highlights
Interferon‐responsive T cells expanded in early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Increased interferon‐associated gene expression present in early‐ and late‐onset AD.
Peripheral immune changes in T and NK cells driven by females with early‐onset AD.
In vivo Metabolic Sensing of Hyperpolarized [1‐13C]Pyruvate in Mice Using a Recyclable Perfluorinated Iridium Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange Catalyst
Authors: Ettedgui Jessica , Yamamoto Kazutoshi , Blackman Burchelle , Koyasu Norikazu , Raju Natarajan , Vasalatiy Olga , Merkle Hellmut , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Goodson Boyd M. , Krishna Murali C. , Swenson Rolf E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReal‐time visualization of metabolic processes in vivo provides crucial insights into conditions like cancer and metabolic disorders. Metabolic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), by amplifying the signal of pyruvate molecules through hyperpolarization, enables non‐invasive monitoring of metabolic fluxes, aiding in understanding disease progression and treatment response. Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) presents a simpler, cost‐effective alternative to dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization, eliminating the need for expensive equipment and complex procedures. We present the first in vivo demonstration of metabolic sensing in a human pancreatic cancer xenograft model compared to healthy mice. A novel perfluorinated Iridium SABRE catalyst in a fluorinated solvent and methanol blend facilitated this breakthrough with a 1.2‐fold increase in [1‐13C]pyruvate SABRE hyperpolarization. The perfluorinated moiety allowed easy separation of the heavy‐metal‐containing catalyst from the hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate target. The perfluorinated catalyst exhibited recyclability, maintaining SABRE‐SHEATH activity through subsequent hyperpolarization cycles with minimal activity loss after the initial two cycles. Remarkably, the catalyst retained activity for at least 10 cycles, with a 3.3‐fold decrease in hyperpolarization potency. This proof‐of‐concept study encourages wider adoption of SABRE hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate MR for studying in vivo metabolism, aiding in diagnosing stages and monitoring treatment responses in cancer and other diseases.
Fused Aromatic and Antiaromatic Smaragdyrin Dimers
Authors: Liu Yang , Tanaka Takayuki , Shimizu Daiki , Rao Yutao , Xu Ling , Yin Bangshao , Zhou Mingbo , Song Jianxin , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSingly‐linked aromatic [22]smaragdyrin BF2 complex dimer was synthesized by the reductive coupling of 16‐brominated [22]smaragdyrin BF2 complex, which was oxidized to a stable diradical with PbO2. As the first example of fused smaragdyrin dimer, a fused [22]smaragdyrin BF2 complex dimer was synthesized by the oxidation of a CuCl‐BF2 complex dimer with FeCl3 and subsequent reduction with NaBH4. After removal of the BF2 group, the singly‐linked and fused aromatic dimers were oxidized to the corresponding antiaromatic [20]smaragdyrin free base dimers. The first oxidation and reduction potentials of these dimers are split depending upon the intramolecular electronic interactions, which are larger for the fused dimers. Despite the large electronic interactions, the aromatic and antiaromatic characters are well preserved in the fused dimers.
Nitrogen‐Embedding Strategy for Short‐Range Charge Transfer Excited States and Efficient Narrowband Deep‐Blue Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Cai Xinliang , Pan Yue , Li Chenglong , Li Linjie , Pu Yexuan , Wu Youwei , Wang Yue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of deep‐blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) featuring high efficiency and narrowband emission is of great importance for ultrahigh‐definition displays with wide color gamut. Herein, based on the nitrogen‐embedding strategy for modifying the short range charge transfer excited state energies of multi‐resonance (MR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, we introduce one or two nitrogen atoms into the central benzene ring of a versatile boron‐embedded 1,3‐bis(carbazol‐9‐yl)benzene skeleton. This approach resulted in the stabilization of the highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels and the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, and thus systematic hypsochromic shifts and narrowing spectra. In toluene solution, two heterocyclic‐based MR‐TADF molecules, Py‐BN and Pm‐BN, exhibit deep‐blue emissions with high photoluminescence quantum yields of 93 % and 94 %, and narrow full width at half maximum of 14 and 13 nm, respectively. A deep‐blue hyperfluorescent OLED based on Py‐BN exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency of 27.7 % and desired color purity with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.150, 0.052). These results demonstrate the significant potential for the development of deep blue narrowband MR‐TADF emitters.
Transpiration‐Induced Self‐Growth of Texture Hydrogel Surfaces
Authors: Wang Hong , Xiong Xinhong , Luo Hao , Cui Yubo , Wu Qian , Fang Yuanlai , Chen Jian , Jing Guangyin , Cui Jiaxi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTrees grow by coupling the transpiration‐induced nutrient absorption from external sources and photosynthesis‐based nutrient integration. Inspired by this manner, we designed a class of polyion complex (PIC) hydrogels containing isolated liquid‐filled voids for growing texture surfaces. The isolated liquid‐filled voids were created via irreversible matrix reconfiguration in a deswelling‐swelling process. During transpiration, these voids reversibly collapse to generate negative pressures within the matrices to extract polymerizable compounds from external sources and deliver them to the surface of the samples for photopolymerization. This growth process is spatial‐controllable and can be applied to fabricate complex patterns consisting of different compositions, suggesting a new strategy for making texture surfaces.
Everyone can draw: An inclusive and transformative activity for conceptualization of topographic anatomy
Authors: Horne Carly A. , Hepworth David , Saunders Emma , Keenan Iain D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnatomical drawing traditionally involves illustration of labeled diagrams on two‐dimensional surfaces to represent topographical features. Despite the visual nature of anatomy, many learners perceive that they lack drawing skills and do not engage in art‐based learning. Recent advances in the capabilities of technology‐enhanced learning have enabled the rapid and inexpensive production of three‐dimensional anatomical models. This work describes a “drawing on model” activity in which learners observe and draw specific structures onto three‐dimensional models. Sport and exercise sciences (SES, n = 79) and medical (MED, n = 156) students at a United Kingdom medical school completed this activity using heart and femur models, respectively. Learner demographics, their perceptions of anatomy learning approaches, the value of the activity, and their confidence in understanding anatomical features, were obtained via validated questionnaire. Responses to 7‐point Likert‐type and free‐text items were analyzed by descriptive statistics and semi‐quantitative content analysis. Learners valued art‐based study (SES mean = 5.94 SD ±0.98; MED = 5.92 ± 1.05) and the “drawing on model” activity (SES = 6.33 ± 0.93; MED = 6.21 ± 0.94) and reported enhanced confidence in understanding of cardiac anatomy (5.61 ± 1.11), coronary arteries (6.03 ± 0.83), femur osteology (6.07 ± 1.07), and hip joint muscle actions (5.80 ± 1.20). Perceptions of learners were independent of both their sex and their art‐based study preferences (p < 0.05). Themes constructed from free‐text responses identified “interactivity,” “topography,” “transformative,” and “visualization,” as key elements of the approach, in addition to revealing some limitations. This work will have implications for anatomy educators seeking to engage learners in an inclusive, interactive, and effective learning activity for supporting three‐dimensional anatomical understanding.
Prüfung des Säurewiderstands von Beton – Entwicklung eines Schnellprüfverfahrens
Authors: Mahlbacher Markus , Gerlach Jesko , Pott Jens Uwe , Haist Michael , Lohaus Ludger 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDie Betonschädigung durch Säureangriff ist in vielen Bereichen von Landwirtschaft, Industrie und Abwasseranlagen für die Dauerhaftigkeit maßgebend. Dabei wird zunächst der Zementstein an der Betonoberfläche gelöst, bevor sich eine SiO2‐reiche Deckschicht zwischen Oberfläche und Angriffszone ausbildet. Daraufhin läuft der Schädigungsprozess diffusionskontrolliert ab und die Schädigungsfront wandert ins Betoninnere. Schließlich kommt es zu einem oberflächigen Abtrag, der mit zunehmender Dauer für den Schädigungsverlauf maßgebend wird. Für eine Prognose der Dauerhaftigkeit ist es daher zwingend erforderlich, im Rahmen von Performanceprüfungen alle drei Schädigungsstadien mit ihren Interaktionen zu erfassen. Da es längere Zeit dauert, um die Abtraggeschwindigkeit hinreichend genau zu erfassen, sind lange Prüfzeiten von mehreren Monaten Dauer unvermeidbar. Solche langen Prüfdauern sind für regelmäßige Prüfungen zur Produktionskontrolle ungeeignet. Ist jedoch das Abtragverhalten für einen bestimmten Beton durch Performanceprüfungen im Rahmen der Erstprüfung bekannt, kann für die Produktionskontrolle die Prüfdauer deutlich verkürzt werden. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Schnellprüfverfahren zur Charakterisierung des Säurewiderstands vorgestellt, das kostengünstig und schnell die frühen Schädigungsstadien des Säureangriffs erfasst. Die Vergleichbarkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit der Prüfergebnisse werden nachgewiesen. Weiterhin werden die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und ‐grenzen diskutiert.
Teaching design and implementation of traffic system simulation course based on a computer virtual reality software under the background of engineering education
Authors: Liu Ying‐Ying , Wang Dan‐Ping , Gu Jing , Fu Yuan‐Fang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe further reform and development of engineering education courses can help improve the teaching quality of higher education institutions, implement the fundamental task of talent cultivation, and provide important support and channels for cultivating high‐quality and supportive engineering technical talents. The traffic system simulation course is an applied science closely related to engineering technology. It mainly cultivates senior engineering technical talents engaged in research and development of transportation engineering, analysis of road traffic characteristics, and transportation planning and design. Considering the characteristics of the traffic system simulation course, this study puts forward the course teaching design based on computer virtual reality software. Combined with the training objectives of applied talents in the traffic system simulation course, this study focuses on how to reform the teaching content and teaching mode with the help of Vissim computer simulation software. The course teaching design refines and optimizes the teaching content by the use of computer software. The use of Vissim software in the course enriches the teaching content and methods and stimulates students' interest in learning. Through the guidance of active exploration and self‐directed learning for students, the traffic system simulation course reform has created a more positive and effective learning environment for students, which helps to cultivate their exploratory spirit and innovative ability. The implementation of the course teaching reform has gradually improved students' learning initiative and ability to master course content, as well as their practical problem‐solving abilities. Good teaching results have been achieved.
Remodelin delays non‐small cell lung cancer progression by inhibiting NAT10 via the EMT pathway
Authors: Guo Quanwei , Yu Weijun , Tan Jianfeng , Zhang Jianhua , Chen Jin , Rao Shuan , Guo Xia , Cai Kaican 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer remains the foremost reason of cancer‐related mortality, with invasion and metastasis profoundly influencing patient prognosis. N‐acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) catalyzes the exclusive N (4)‐acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification in eukaryotic RNA. NAT10 dysregulation is linked to various diseases, yet its role in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) invasion and metastasis remains unclear. Our study delves into the clinical significance and functional aspects of NAT10 in NSCLC.MethodsWe investigated NAT10's clinical relevance using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and a group of 98 NSCLC patients. Employing WB, qRT‐PCR, and IHC analyses, we assessed NAT10 expression in NSCLC tissues, bronchial epithelial cells (BECs), NSCLC cell lines, and mouse xenografts. Further, knockdown and overexpression techniques (siRNA, shRNA, and plasmid) were employed to evaluate NAT10's effects. A series of assays were carried out, including CCK‐8, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assays, to elucidate NAT10's role in proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Additionally, we utilized lung cancer patient‐derived 3D organoids, mouse xenograft models, and Remodelin (NAT10 inhibitor) to corroborate these findings.ResultsOur investigations revealed high NAT10 expression in NSCLC tissues, cell lines and mouse xenograft models. High NAT10 level correlated with advanced T stage, lymph node metastasis and poor overall survive. NAT10 knockdown curtailed proliferation, invasion, and migration, whereas NAT10 overexpression yielded contrary effects. Furthermore, diminished NAT10 levels correlated with increased E‐cadherin level whereas decreased N‐cadherin and vimentin expressions, while heightened NAT10 expression displayed contrasting results. Notably, Remodelin efficiently attenuated NSCLC proliferation, invasion, and migration by inhibiting NAT10 through the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway.ConclusionsOur data underscore NAT10 as a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC, presenting avenues for targeted intervention against lung cancer through NAT10 inhibition.
Targeting the core program of metastasis with a novel drug combination
Authors: Fnu Gulimirerouzi , Weber Georg F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported that metastases are generally characterized by a core program of gene expression that activates tissue remodeling/vascularization, alters ion homeostasis, induces the oxidative metabolism, and silences extracellular matrix interactions. This core program distinguishes metastases from their originating primary tumors as well as from their destination host tissues. Therefore, the gene products involved are potential targets for anti‐metastasis drug treatment.MethodsBecause the silencing of extracellular matrix interactions predisposes to anoiks in the absence of active survival mechanisms, we tested inhibitors against the other three components.ResultsIndividually, the low‐specificity VEGFR blocker pazopanib (in vivo combined with marimastat), the antioxidant dimethyl sulfoxide (or the substitute atovaquone, which is approved for internal administration), and the ionic modulators bumetanide and tetrathiomolybdate inhibited soft agar colony formation by breast and pancreatic cancer cell lines. The individual candidate agents have a record of use in humans (with limited efficacy when administered individually) and are available for repurposing. In combination, the effects of these drugs were additive or synergistic. In two mouse models of cancer (utilizing 4T1 cells or B16‐F10 cells), the combination treatment with these medications, applied immediately (to prevent metastasis formation) or after a delay (to suppress established metastases), dramatically reduced the occurrence of disseminated foci.ConclusionsThe combination of tissue remodeling inhibitors, suppressors of the oxidative metabolism, and ion homeostasis modulators has very strong promise for the treatment of metastases by multiple cancers.
Five New Furostanol Glycosides from the Fruits of Tribulus terrestris with NO Production Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Kiem Phan Van , Quoc Nguyen Van , Tai Bui Huu , Yen Pham Hai , Huy Hoang Nguyen , Thi Thuy Hang Dan , Huong Phan Thi Thanh , Anh Bang Ngo , Dung Duong Thi , Trang Do Thi , Giang Le Duc 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEight furostanol glycosides including five undescribed compounds, named tribufurostanosides A–E (1–5), and three known ones (6–8) were isolated from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris L. Their chemical structures were determined by the IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D‐, and 2D‐NMR spectra. Furostanols 1–8 significantly inhibited nitric oxide production in LPS activated RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values ranging from 14.2 to 64.7 μM, compared to that of the positive control compound, dexamethazone (IC50 13.6 μM).
Bio‐inspirierte Materialentwicklungen
Authors: Schubert Ulrich 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungAußergewöhnliche mechanische Eigenschaften biologischer Materialien beruhen oft weniger auf ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung, sondern vielmehr auf der Ausbildung hierarchischer Strukturen. Dies wird an drei Beispielen – Perlmutt, Spinnenseide und Haftfäden von Miesmuscheln – veranschaulicht, ebenso ausgewählte Ansätze, sich bei der Entwicklung neuer Materialien von den Konstruktionsprinzipien der natürlichen Materialien inspirieren zu lassen. Zwar wird dabei der durch evolutionäre Prozesse erreichte hohe Grad an Integration vieler hierarchischer Ebenen sowie Anpassungsfähigkeit und Multifunktionalität der Materialien (noch) nicht erreicht, es können aber mit Hilfe bio‐inspirierter Konzepte Materialien mit interessanten spezifischen Eigenschaften erhalten werden.
Bio‐inspirierte Materialentwicklungen
Authors: Schubert Ulrich 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungBiologische Materialien zeichnen sich oft dadurch aus, dass ihre Strukturierung mindestens ebenso wichtig, oft sogar wichtiger ist, um bestimmte Eigenschaften oder Eigenschaftskombinationen zu erzielen als ihre chemischen Zusammensetzung. Dies gilt nicht nur für Volumeneigenschaften, sondern auch für die Haut von Tieren oder die Oberfläche von Blättern oder Blüten. Biologische Strukturen zur Hydrophobierung oder Entspiegelung von Oberflächen, der adaptiven Farbgebung, der Verminderung des Reibungswiderstands und der Erhöhung von Haftkräften wurden in diesem Artikel als Beispiele ausgewählt, wie derartige Strukturen (bio‐inspiriert) auf die Entwicklungen neuer Materialien übertragen werden können.
Scrutinizing the chemical and morphological alterations of microfibers released from household washing machines under varying temperature conditions
Authors: Parida Dinesh , Sangtani Rimjhim , Nogueira Regina , Bala Kiran 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo fulfill a huge demand that is arising globally due to the skyrocketing population, the textile industry is shifting toward cheaper, sturdier, enduring fabrics. Apparently, innovations are turning out to be banes instead of boons, as they are generating a lot of waste, leading to the destruction of the environment. Microfibers are one such example of an emerging environmental contaminant with several irreversible, health, and ecosystem repercussions. This study deals with the effects of temperature on the generation of microfibrils from washing machines. Three different temperatures ranging from lower to higher were considered. The net weight of microfibers released from higher temperatures was found to be 1132.5 ± 41.3 mg/20 L using gravimetric analysis. The fibers released from the higher temperature, that is, 60°C, were 2.7 and 1.6 times higher than those released from colder temperatures, 30 and 40°C, respectively. The length and diameter of these microfibers were in the microplastic size range. The polyester fiber was found to be released in higher amounts after identification with Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The results of this study can help consumers implement sustainable behavior and regulations to lessen the release of microfibers from washing household textiles.