bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the economic and ecological impacts of the transition to individual transferable quotas in the multispecies US west coast groundfish trawl fleet
Authors: Toft Jodie E. , Punt André E. , Little L. Richard 
Published: June 2011

AbstractToft, J. E., Punt, A. E., and Little, L. R. 2011. Modelling the economic and ecological impacts of the transition to individual transferable quotas in the multispecies US west coast groundfish trawl fleet. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1566–1579. There is a need to understand the potential impacts on ecosystems and economies from shifting fisheries management towards individual transferable quota (ITQ) programmes. Multispecies fisheries present the challenge of understanding spatial patterns in fisher behaviour as they strive to balance profitable target catches while avoiding species with low catch limits. A spatially explicit model of biological and fleet dynamics was constructed to evaluate how the limited-entry groundfish trawl fleet off the US west coast and selected groundfish species (targeted Dover sole, and overfished darkblotched rockfish) were affected by two approaches to management: trip limits and ITQs. The model includes regional populations for both species, provides biological and socio-economic outputs, and determines quota price endogenously when applied for ITQs. Under ITQ management, effort and the total landings of the overfished species, darkblotched rockfish, were lower, coastwide profits higher, and the centre of fishing activity shifted south to areas with lower landing rates of darkblotched rockfish. The framework presented holds promise for obtaining insight about how new, untested management alternatives affect coastal and marine resources and those who rely on them.
Increase in Tomato Locule Number Is Controlled by Two Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Located NearWUSCHEL
Authors: Muños Stéphane , Ranc Nicolas , Botton Emmanuel , Bérard Aurélie , Rolland Sophie , Duffé Philippe , Carretero Yolande , Le Paslier Marie-Christine , Delalande Corinne , Bouzayen Mondher , Brunel Dominique , Causse Mathilde 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit, the number of locules (cavities containing seeds that are derived from carpels) varies from two to up to 10 or more. Locule number affects fruit shape and size and is controlled by several quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The large majority of the phenotypic variation is explained by two of these QTLs, fasciated (fas) and locule number (lc), that interact epistatically with one another. FAS has been cloned, and mutations in the gene are described as key factors leading to the increase in fruit size in modern varieties. Here, we report the map-based cloning of lc. The lc QTL includes a 1,600-bp region that is located 1,080 bp from the 3′ end of WUSCHEL, which encodes a homeodomain protein that regulates stem cell fate in plants. The molecular evolution of lc showed a reduction of diversity in cultivated accessions with the exception of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms. These two single-nucleotide polymorphisms were shown to be responsible for the increase in locule number. An evolutionary model of locule number is proposed herein, suggesting that the fas mutation appeared after the mutation in the lc locus to confer the extreme high-locule-number phenotype.
Prospective multicentre cohort study of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia in acute ischaemic stroke patients
Authors: Kawano Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Haruko , Miyata Shigeki , Izumi Manabu , Hirano Teruyuki , Toratani Naomi , Kakutani Isami , Sheppard Jo‐Ann I. , Warkentin Theodore E. , Kada Akiko , Sato Shoichiro , Okamoto Sadahisa , Nagatsuka Kazuyuki , Naritomi Hiroaki , Toyoda Kazunori , Uchino Makoto , Minematsu Kazuo 
Published: June 2011

SummaryAcute ischaemic stroke patients sometimes receive heparin for treatment and/or prophylaxis of thromboembolic complications. This study was designed to elucidate the incidence and clinical features of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) in acute stroke patients treated with heparin. We conducted a prospective multicentre cohort study of 267 patients who were admitted to three stroke centres within 7 d after stroke onset. We examined clinical data until discharge and collected blood samples on days 1 and 14 of hospitalization to test anti‐platelet factor 4/heparin antibodies (anti‐PF4/H Abs) using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); platelet‐activating antibodies were identified by serotonin‐release assay (SRA). Patients with a 4Ts score ≥4 points, positive‐ELISA, and positive‐SRA were diagnosed as definite HIT. Heparin was administered to 172 patients (64·4%: heparin group). Anti‐PF4/H Abs were detected by ELISA in 22 cases (12·8%) in the heparin group. Seven patients had 4Ts ≥ 4 points. Among them, three patients (1·7% overall) were also positive by both ELISA and SRA. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on admission was high (range, 16–23) and in‐hospital mortality was very high (66·7%) in definite HIT patients. In this study, the incidence of definite HIT in acute ischaemic stroke patients treated with heparin was 1·7% (95% confidence interval: 0·4–5·0). The clinical severity and outcome of definite HIT were unfavourable.
Antigen-specific T cell responses to BK polyomavirus antigens identify functional anti-viral immunity and may help to guide immunosuppression following renal transplantation
Authors: Chakera A , Bennett S , Lawrence S , Morteau O , Mason P D , O'Callaghan C A , Cornall R J 
Published: June 2011

SummaryInfection with the polyoma virus BK (BKV) is a major cause of morbidity following renal transplantation. Limited understanding of the anti-viral immune response has prevented the design of a strategy that balances treatment with the preservation of graft function. The proven utility of interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays to measure T cell responses in immunocompetent hosts was the basis for trying to develop a rational approach to the management of BKV following renal transplantation. In a sample of transplant recipients and healthy controls, comparisons were made between T cell responses to the complete panel of BKV antigens, the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) antigens, BZLF1 and EBNA1, and the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Correlations between responses to individual antigens and immunosuppressive regimens were also analysed. Antigen-specific T cell responses were a specific indicator of recent or ongoing recovery from BKV infection (P &lt; 0·05), with responses to different BKV antigens being highly heterogeneous. Significant BKV immunity was undetectable in transplant patients with persistent viral replication or no history of BKV reactivation. Responses to EBV antigens and mitogen were reduced in patients with BKV reactivation, but these differences were not statistically significant. The T cell response to BKV antigens is a useful and specific guide to recovery from BKV reactivation in renal transplant recipients, provided that the full range of antigenic responses is measured.
Resolution-associated molecular patterns (RAMP): RAMParts defending immunological homeostasis?
Authors: Shields A M , Panayi G S , Corrigall V M 
Published: June 2011

Summary
The resolution of inflammation is central to the maintenance of good health and immune homeostasis. Recently, several intracellular stress proteins have been described as having extracellular properties that are anti-inflammatory or favour the resolution of inflammation. We propose that these molecules should be defined as resolution-associated molecular patterns (RAMPs). RAMPs are released at times of cellular stress and help to counterbalance the inflammatory effects of pathogen-associated (PAMPs) and damage-associated (DAMPs) molecular patterns. We propose that heat shock protein 10 (HSP10), αB-crystallin (αBC), HSP27 and binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) should be considered founding members of the RAMP family. A greater understanding of RAMP biology may herald the development of novel immunotherapies.
Prevalence and correlates of self‐induced vomiting as weight‐control strategy among adolescents in Taiwan
Authors: Liou Yiing Mei , Hsu Ya‐Wen , Ho Jow‐Fei , Lin Che‐Hung , Hsu Wen‐Yen , Liou Tsan‐Hon 
Published: June 2011

Aims.  This study was designed to assess the prevalence and correlates of self‐induced vomiting to control body weight among adolescents in Taiwan.Background.  Over the past decades, the rate of obesity among children in Taiwan has nearly tripled. Educational authorities have devoted considerable effort to prevent the increase in childhood obesity.Design.  An observational exploratory design to investigate the problem of using unhealthy weight‐reduction strategy.Methods.  This study consists of a cross‐sectional study aimed at collecting national representative data. We chose 120 representative schools using a three‐stage stratified systematic sampling design with probability proportionate to the size of the population in Taiwan. Participants consisted of 8673 girls and 7043 boys, aged 10–18 old.Results.  Of the participants, 13% reported using self‐induced vomiting, the prevalence being highest in participants aged 10–12 (15·9%) and lowest in participants aged 16–18 (7·5%). Several factors were significantly and positively associated with the use of self‐induced vomiting as a weight‐loss strategy, specifically subjects who (1) watched television, used computer, surfed the Internet or played video games for greater than or equal to two hours/day, (2) consumed fried food every day and (3) ate night‐time snacks every day (odds ratio = 1·55, 2·10 and 1·51, respectively; p < 0·05). Eating breakfast every day and sleeping for more than eight hours a day were both protective factors against the use of self‐induced vomiting to control body weight (odds ratio = 0·43 and 0·86, respectively; p < 0·05).Conclusions.  Self‐induced vomiting was prevalent among adolescents who had tried to lose weight; sedentary lifestyle, shorter sleep length and unhealthy eating habits may contribute significantly to this behaviour among these adolescents.Relevance to clinical practice.  School nurses who are helping adolescents lose weight should also pay attention to the possibility they are using self‐induced vomiting as a weight‐control strategy.
Photoplethysmography as a single source for analysis of sleep‐disordered breathing in patients with severe cardiovascular disease
Authors: AMIR OFFER , BARAK‐SHINAR DEGANIT , HENRY ANTONIETTA , SMART FRANK W. 
Published: June 2011

SummarySleep‐disordered breathing and Cheyne–Stokes breathing are often not diagnosed, especially in cardiovascular patients. An automated system based on photoplethysmographic signals might provide a convenient screening and diagnostic solution for patient evaluation at home or in an ambulatory setting. We compared event detection and classification obtained by full polysomnography (the ‘gold standard’) and by an automated new algorithm system in 74 subjects. Each subject underwent overnight polysomnography, 60 in a hospital cardiology department and 14 while being tested for suspected sleep‐disordered breathing in a sleep laboratory. The sleep‐disordered breathing and Cheyne–Stokes breathing parameters measured by a new automated algorithm system correlated very well with the corresponding results obtained by full polysomnography. The sensitivity of the Cheyne–Stokes breathing detected from the system compared to full polysomnography was 92% [95% confidence interval (CI): 78.6–98.3%] and specificity 94% (95% CI: 81.3–99.3%). Comparison of the Apnea Hyponea Index with a cutoff level of 15 shows a sensitivity of 98% (95% CI: 87.1–99.6%) and specificity of 96% (95% CI: 79.8–99.3%). The detection of respiratory events showed agreement of approximately 80%. Regression and Bland–Altman plots revealed good agreement between the two methods. Relative to gold‐standard polysomnography, the simply used automated system in this study yielded an acceptable analysis of sleep‐ and/or cardiac‐related breathing disorders. Accordingly, and given the convenience and simplicity of its application, this system can be considered as a suitable platform for home and ambulatory screening and diagnosis of sleep‐disordered breathing in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Genetic differentiation and phylogeographical structure of the Brachionus calyciflorus complex in eastern China
Authors: XIANG XIAN‐LING , XI YI‐LONG , WEN XIN‐LI , ZHANG GEN , WANG JIN‐XIA , HU KE 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSpatio‐temporal patterns and processes of genetic differentiation in passively dispersing zooplankton are drawing much attention from both ecologists and evolutionary biologists. Two opposite phylogeographical scenarios have already been demonstrated in rotifers, which consist of high levels of genetic differentiation among populations even on small geographical scales on the one hand and the traditionally known cosmopolitanism that is associated with high levels of gene flow and long‐distance dispersal via diapausing stages on the other hand. Here, we analysed the population genetic structure and the phylogeography of the Brachionus calyciflorus species complex in eastern China. By screening a total of 318 individuals from ten locations along a 2320‐km gradient and analysing samples from two growing seasons, we aimed at focusing on both small‐ and large‐scale patterns. We identified eight cryptic species and verified species status of two of these by sexual reproduction tests. Samples in summer and winter yielded different cryptic species. The distribution patterns of these genetically distinct cryptic species were diverse across eastern China, from full cosmopolitanism to local endemism. The two most abundant cryptic species BcWIII and BcSW showed a pattern of strong genetic differentiation among populations and no significant isolation by distance. Long‐distance colonization, secondary contact and recent range expansion are probably responsible for the indistinct pattern of isolation by distance. Our results suggest that geographical distance is more important than temporal segregation across seasons in explaining population differentiation and the occurrence of cryptic species. We explain the current phylogeographical structure in the B. calyciflorus species complex by a combination of recent population expansion, restricted gene flow, priority effects and long‐distance colonization.
Recent vicariance and the origin of the rare, edaphically specialized Sandhills lily, Lilium pyrophilum (Liliaceae): evidence from phylogenetic and coalescent analyses
Authors: DOUGLAS NORMAN A. , WALL WADE A. , XIANG QIU‐YUN (JENNY) , HOFFMANN WILLIAM A. , WENTWORTH THOMAS R. , GRAY JANET B. , HOHMANN MATTHEW G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEstablishing the phylogenetic and demographic history of rare plants improves our understanding of mechanisms that have led to their origin and can lead to valuable insights that inform conservation decisions. The Atlantic coastal plain of eastern North America harbours many rare and endemic species, yet their evolution is poorly understood. We investigate the rare Sandhills lily (Lilium pyrophilum), which is endemic to seepage slopes in a restricted area of the Atlantic coastal plain of eastern North America. Using phylogenetic evidence from chloroplast, nuclear internal transcribed spacer and two low‐copy nuclear genes, we establish a close relationship between L. pyrophilum and the widespread Turk’s cap lily, L. superbum. Isolation‐with‐migration and coalescent simulation analyses suggest that (i) the divergence between these two species falls in the late Pleistocene or Holocene and almost certainly post‐dates the establishment of the edaphic conditions to which L. pyrophilum is presently restricted, (ii) vicariance is responsible for the present range disjunction between the two species, and that subsequent gene flow has been asymmetrical and (iii) L. pyrophilum harbours substantial genetic diversity in spite of its present rarity. This system provides an example of the role of edaphic specialization and climate change in promoting diversification in the Atlantic coastal plain.
The risk factors and quality of life in children with allergic rhinitis in relation to seasonal attack patterns
Authors: Chen Bing‐Yu , Chan Chang‐Chuan , Han Yueh‐Ying , Wu Hung‐Pin , Guo Yue Leon 
Published: June 2011

SummaryChen B‐Y, Chan C‐C, Han Y‐Y, Wu H‐P, Guo YL. The risk factors and quality of life in children with allergic rhinitis in relation to seasonal attack patterns. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2012; 26: 146–155.A questionnaire survey was conducted to examine whether risk factors and allergic rhinitis (AR)‐related quality of life (QOL) were different among children with different seasonal patterns of AR. Participants were students enrolled in elementary and middle schools in Taipei County, Taiwan. Using moving average and principal component analysis, children with current AR were grouped by attack seasons. The effects of personal and environmental factors on AR seasonality were assessed by logistic regression models. AR severity and AR‐related QOL were compared within AR seasonal subtypes.Among 4221 children who completed the questionnaire, 1144 and 1605 children were current AR cases and healthy controls, respectively. Four AR subtypes were categorised as follows: perennial, spring, summer/fall, and winter. Age, gender, parental education, maternal passive smoking during pregnancy, breast feeding, and mouldy walls were found to contribute differentially to different AR subtypes. Children suffering from perennial and winter AR were found to have more severe symptoms and significantly lower QOL score compared with other subtypes. Specific personal and environmental risk factors could contribute to different AR seasonal subtypes. Active allergen avoidance and symptomatic treatment should be the focus of management aiming to improve the QOL among children with perennial and winter subtype.
Iranian blood donors' motivations and their influencing factors
Authors: Maghsudlu M. , Nasizadeh S. 
Published: June 2011

Aim: One of the challenges faced by blood transfusion services is the motivation of blood donors. The purpose of this study was to define the motivations of Iranian donors. Methodology: A total of 16 955 volunteers were studied to evaluate their motivation for blood donation in 2003 and 2004. A questionnaire was designed covering socio‐demographic characteristics, history of blood donation and a list of reasons for donating. The donor physician determined the donor's motivation after an interview. Motivation was classified as internal (altruistic and religious beliefs) and external motives. Results: The main motivations were 6629 (39·1%) altruistic, 6552 (38·6%) good for one's health and 1931 (11·4%) religious beliefs. It was shown that 8560 volunteers (50·5%) had internal motivations and 8395 (49·5%) had external motivations. Internal motivations were significantly higher in women, regular and educated donors. Conclusion: This study showed that internal motives are the main reason for blood donation in Iranian donors, especially in female, regular and high‐educated donors. Thus, altruistic and religious messages can be emphasized in recruiting and retaining donors, particularly in this group. Nearly half of the donors were motivated by external factors – mainly to improve their own health status, especially in older donors. This may be due to a psychological impact in which they feel improvement in their general health. As voluntary non‐remunerated blood donation is defined without considering the motivational factor, one might consider a new term such as ‘internal motivated voluntary blood donors' in accordance with their motivation and efforts could be centered about recruiting these specific donors.
Providers’ HIV‐related avoidance attitude and patient satisfaction
Authors: Li Li , Comulada W. Scott , Wu Zunyou , Ding Yingying , Zhu Weiming 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectives  This article explores the associations between medical care providers’ attitudes towards patients living with HIV (PLH) and the service satisfaction reported from general patients.Methods  Data were collected from 40 county‐level hospitals in China, including 1760 service providers and 1000 patients receiving medical services from the hospitals. Provider and patient assessments were conducted by self‐administered questionnaires and face‐to‐face interviews, respectively. Random‐effect regression models were used to examine relationships between the providers’ avoidance attitudes and patient satisfaction at the hospital level while taking into account variations in demographics and professional experience within each hospital.Results and Conclusions  Service providers’ avoidance attitudes towards PLH were negatively associated with general patients’ satisfaction with service providers at the hospital level. The relationship was strong and significant whether or not adjustments were made for background characteristics. Medical care providers’ stigmatizing attitudes towards PLH could be a reflection of the providers’ general outlook with all patients. This study underscores a broader focus for HIV‐related stigma reduction interventions in medical settings at both individual and institutional levels, targeting attitudes towards both patients with HIV/AIDS and the general patient population.
Recovery of graft steatosis and protein‐losing enteropathy after biliary diversion in a PFIC 1 liver transplanted child
Authors: Nicastro Emanuele , Stephenne Xavier , Smets Françoise , Fusaro Fabio , de Magnée Catherine , Reding Raymond , Sokal Etienne M. 
Published: June 2011

Nicastro E, Stephenne X, Smets F, Fusaro F, de Magnée C, Reding R, Sokal EM. Recovery of graft steatosis and protein‐losing enteropathy after biliary diversion in a PFIC 1 liver transplanted child.Abstract:  PFIC 1 is a genetic disorder characterized by hepatic and gastrointestinal disease, often requiring LT during childhood. Extrahepatic symptoms, such as diarrhea and malabsorption, do not improve or may be aggravated after LT, as graft steatosis or steatohepatitis as consequences of the interaction between transplanted liver and native bowel. We describe a patient with PFIC 1 who presented with cholestasis in infancy, who developed intractable pruritus and liver fibrosis. The child underwent living donor LT at 3.6 yr of age, and he early developed severe refractory diarrhea, secondary malabsorption with protein‐losing enteropathy, and an early fatty liver disease trough graft steatohepatitis. As the response to cholestyramine was unsatisfactory, we decided to perform an EBD by using the jejunal loop used for the cholangiojejunostomy. Diarrhea resolved rapidly after surgery. He remained well after six months following biliary diversion, with normal stool output and no protein loss. We documented a dramatic improvement of graft steatosis at histology as well as normalization of liver function test. EBD can be considered a valuable treatment option to avoid organ disfunction and loss in PFIC 1 transplanted patients who develop graft steatohepatitis.