bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐time flow cytometry for the kinetic analysis of oncosis
Authors: Warnes G. , Martins S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe standard method of distinguishing apoptotic and oncotic cells has been by microscopic analysis of nuclei and cell membrane morphology. Thus a rapid test for analyzing large numbers of cells in the study of cell necrobiology has not been possible until the recent advent of the Amnis Image‐stream and real‐time Lab‐on‐a‐Chip technologies. An interesting difference between apoptosis and oncosis is that they are ATP dependent and independent processes, respectively. Here we describe an assay measuring real‐time kinetic changes in the potential differences of the inner mitochondrial membrane (mmp) and the plasma membrane (pmp) in cells immediately before and after the addition of the inducing agent. Live cells were loaded with carbocyanine dye DiIC1(5) and bis‐oxonol (DiBAC4(5)) to measure mmp and pmp in conjunction with annexin V‐FITC and DAPI labeling for gating out annexin V binding cells and dead cells respectively. Live cells gave specific membrane signatures in response to apoptotic or oncotic reagents in real‐time. Apoptosis showed little change in mmp and pmp signals over the course of 25 min, the mitochondria only showed a slight hyperpolarization. In contrast chemical treatment with oxidative phosphorylation blocker, sodium azide (SA) caused an immediate hyperpolarization spike followed by a complete abrogation of mmp over a 25 min time course. Treatment with SA (1%) also caused plasma membrane depolarization. Likewise detergent (0.01% Triton X‐100) treatments also caused abrogation of mmp and depolarization of pmp. Whereas heat shock (42°C) treatment showed only a slight mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization. These flow cytometric observations were confirmed by confocal microscopy. This novel real‐time kinetic assay measuring mitochondrial and plasma membrane potential changes has important implications in the field of cell necrobiology in that it allows the researcher to differentiate apoptotic and oncotic processes in an immediate manner for the first time. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Generation and characterization of iUBC‐KikGR photoconvertible transgenic mice for live time‐lapse imaging during development
Authors: Griswold Shannon L. , Sajja Krishna C. , Jang Chuan‐Wei , Behringer Richard R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA transgenic mouse line named iUBC‐KikGR was generated, which expresses the photoconvertible fluorescent protein Kikume Green‐Red (KikGR) under the control of the human Ubiquitin C promoter. KikGR is natively a green fluorophore, which can be converted into a red fluorophore upon exposure to UV light. KikGR is expressed broadly throughout transgenic embryos from the two‐cell stage onward and in the adult. Specificity of photoconversion can range from the entire embryo to a region of an organ, to a few individual cells, depending on the needs of the experimenter. Cell movements, tissue reorganization, and migration can then be observed in real time by culturing the tissue of interest as an explant on the microscope stage. The iUBC‐KikGR transgenic line represents a singular genetic reagent, which can be used for fate mapping, lineage tracing, and live visualization of cell behaviors and tissue movements in multiple organs at multiple time points. genesis 49:591–598, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic Properties of [FeFe]‐Hydrogenases: A Theoretical Investigation Based on Extended QM and QM/MM Models of the H‐Cluster and Its Surroundings
Authors: Greco Claudio , Silakov Alexey , Bruschi Maurizio , Ryde Ulf , De Gioia Luca , Lubitz Wolfgang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn the present contribution, we report a theoretical investigation of the magnetic properties of the dihydrogen‐evolving enzyme [FeFe]‐hydrogenase, based on both DFT models of the active site (the H‐cluster, a Fe6S6 assembly including a binuclear portion directly involved in substrates binding), and QM/MM models of the whole enzyme. Antiferromagnetic coupling within the H‐cluster has been treated using the broken‐symmetry approach, along with the use of different density functionals. Results of g value calculations turned out to vary as a function of the level of theory and of the extension of the model. The choice of the broken‐symmetry coupling scheme also had a significant influence on the calculated g values, for both the active‐ready (Hox) and the CO‐inhibited (Hox‐CO) enzyme forms. However, hyperfine coupling‐constant calculations were found to provide more consistent results. This allowed us to show that the experimentally detected delocalization of an unpaired electron at the binuclear subcluster in Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Hox is compatible with a weak interaction between the catalytic centre and a low‐weight exogenous ligand like a water molecule.
Use of butterflies as nontarget insect test species and the acute toxicity and hazard of mosquito control insecticides
Authors: Hoang Tham C , Pryor Rachel L , Rand Gary M , Frakes Robert A 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Honeybees are the standard insect test species used for toxicity testing of pesticides on nontarget insects for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) under the Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Butterflies are another important insect order and a valued ecological resource in pollination. The current study conducted acute toxicity tests with naled, permethrin, and dichlorvos on fifth larval instar (caterpillars) and adults of different native Florida, USA, butterfly species to determine median lethal doses (24-h LD50), because limited acute toxicity data are available with this major insect group. Thorax- and wing-only applications of each insecticide were conducted. Based on LD50s, thorax and wing application exposures were acutely toxic to both caterpillars and adults. Permethrin was the most acutely toxic insecticide after thorax exposure to fifth instars and adult butterflies. However, no generalization on acute toxicity (sensitivity) of the insecticides could be concluded based on exposures to fifth instars versus adult butterflies or on thorax versus wing exposures of adult butterflies. A comparison of LD50s of the butterflies from this study (caterpillars and adults) with honeybee LD50s for the adult mosquito insecticides on a µg/organism or µg/g basis indicates that several butterfly species are more sensitive to these insecticides than are honeybees. A comparison of species sensitivity distributions for all three insecticides shows that permethrin had the lowest 10th percentile. Using a hazard quotient approach indicates that both permethrin and naled applications in the field may present potential acute hazards to butterflies, whereas no acute hazard of dichlorvos is apparent in butterflies. Butterflies should be considered as potential test organisms when nontarget insect testing of pesticides is suggested under FIFRA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:997–1005. © 2010 SETAC
Harmonic suppression in HVDC system using a modified control method for hybrid active DC filter
Authors: Hajibeigy Mahdi , Farsadi Murteza , Nazarpour Daryoosh , Golahmadi Hamid , Hajibeigy Meisam 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYA shunt hybrid active DC filter (HADF) is applied to eliminate DC transmission line current harmonics in HVDC transmission system. Since the harmonics increase transmission line losses and disturb control and monitoring equipments so HADF are used to suppress harmonics on DC transmission lines. In this paper a modified method is presented to control the shunt HADF which is not dependent on HVDC circuit parameters. HADF by injecting the compensating current to DC transmission line with the modified method suppresses the DC transmission line current harmonics significantly. Six major problems in design of modified control method have been discussed thoroughly. The principle of operation is described and the theoretical analyses are indicated to verify the control strategy. HVDC system is simulated by PSCAD/EMTDC software. Simulation results and comparisons prove and validate the accuracy of these claims. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A revision of the genus Fusifilum RAF. 1837 (hyacinthaceae of Southern Africa): 1. Ten new species in the genus fusifilum vel prodromus fusifili revisionis
Authors: Muller‐Doblies Ute , Tang J. , Müller‐Dobues D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAmong the seven species transferred by SPETA (1998: 69–70) to Fusifilum RAF. 1837 there were four true Fusifilum species, and Fusifilum emdeorum sp. nova1 was described by TANG & WEIGLIN (2001). In the present paper ten new species of Fusifilum from South Africa are proposed and, in addition, a fifth old species is transferred from Urginea to Fusifilum resulting in altogether 16 Fusifilum species.The genus Fusifilum was subdivided into the following three sections, viz. F. sect. Archiphysodia, F. sect. Fusifilum, and F. sect. Stenophysodia using two variants of cluster analysis, then Principal Components Analysis, and two cladistic programs.The distribution of all 16 Fusifilum species is given in Table 1: The genus Fusifilum. endemic to Southern Africa, occurs in all four countries of Southern Africa (S. A.) s. str. (Namibia, South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland) and, in the case of S. A., all nine new provinces. Fusifilum may possibly radiate into Botswana, Zimbabwe, and/or Mozambique.In an extra column of the table a quantitative approach to the degree of endemism is given. Five species are considered as local endemics: three are only known from the type locality and two are confined to a single degree square (F. bruce‐bayeri with about 10 collections) or to an area of the same size (square of 16 quarter degree squares: F. giflyergeme). Five species can be called provincial endemics (used for spp. confined to a square of nine degree squares = nearly 100.000 sq.km). Another five species are regional endemics: three old species (F. pusillum. F. capitatum, and F. depressum, all of sect. Archiphysodia) and two new ones (F. glaucum and F. spirale, both of F. sect. Fusifilum). Finally, F. physodes of F. sect. Fusifilum is considered to be a supraregional endemic of Southern Africa.
Die Moosgesellschaften des Naturschutzgebietes Wartburg‐Hohe Sonne bei Eisenach (Deutschland): 86. Beitrag zur Moosvegetation Thüringens
Authors: Marstaller R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn the nature reserve “Wartburg‐Hohe Sonne”, situated in the north‐western part of Thuringian forest the vegetation of bryophytes have been recorded. Characteristic are on rocks, acid mineraly soils, rotten wood and living bark associations of the acidophytic orders Polytrichetalia piliferi, Grimmietalia commutatae, Grimmietalia hartmanii, Diplophylletalia albicantis, Dicranetalia scoparii, Cladonio‐Lepidozietalia, Brachythecietalia rutabulo‐salebrosi and the basiphytic associations of the orders Neckeretalia complanatae and Leptodictyetalia riparii. It were found 48 bryophyte communities and 215 bryophyte species (55 hepatics, 160 mosses).
New once‐weekly formulation of exenatide for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Seewoodhary Jason , Bain Stephen 
Published: January 2011

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing in prevalence and a major threat to health. Unfortunately, 60% of patients do not achieve a target HbA1c of .7%. Reasons for this include compliance issues, sideeffects, weight gain and fear of hypoglycaemia. A new once‐weekly preparation of exenatide, a GLP‐1 mimetic, has shown promise in patient‐focussed perspectives such as quality of life, satisfaction and compliance. In this article the authors consider the clinical evidence to date relating to efficacy and adverse effects and the implications of these in the treatment of T2D.
Disentangling WTP per QALY data: different analytical approaches, different answers
Authors: Gyrd‐Hansen Dorte , Kjær Trine 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYA large random sample of the Danish general population was asked to value health improvements by way of both the time trade‐off elicitation technique and willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) using contingent valuation methods. The data demonstrate a high degree of heterogeneity across respondents in their relative valuations on the two scales. This has implications for data analysis. We show that the estimates of WTP per QALY are highly sensitive to the analytical strategy. For both open‐ended and dichotomous choice data we demonstrate that choice of aggregated approach (ratios of means) or disaggregated approach (means of ratios) affects estimates markedly as does the interpretation of the constant term (which allows for disproportionality across the two scales) in the regression analyses. We propose that future research should focus on why some respondents are unwilling to trade on the time trade‐off scale, on how to interpret the constant value in the regression analyses, and on how best to capture the heterogeneity in preference structures when applying mixed multinomial logit. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperation between cholinergic and glutamatergic receptors are essential to induce BDNF‐dependent long‐lasting memory storage
Authors: Navakkode Sheeja , Korte Martin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe induction of long‐lasting memory storage depends on the behavioral state of humans and animals. This behavioral state is mediated by neuromodulatory systems, like the cholinergic–septum–hippocampal circuit. Cholinergic neurotransmission is known to affect short‐term activity‐dependent plasticity in various brain areas, including the hippocampus. We could show here that a chemical late‐long‐term potentiation (LTP) could be induced in the basal dendrites by the coapplication of the cholinergic receptor agonist, carbachol, and the phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4)‐inhibitor, rolipram at a concentration that by itself has no effect on basal synaptic transmission. This chemical late‐LTP was similar to electrical late‐LTP in that it is dependent on protein synthesis, cAMP, and NMDA‐receptor activation. Occlusion experiments demonstrated that saturation of three tetanus (TET) late‐LTP occluded carbachol–rolipram–LTP, indicating that they share similar properties. This cholinergic modulation of LTP in the basal dendrites was mediated by both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Carbachol also reinforced an early form of LTP into a long‐lasting LTP. Most interestingly, these two forms of LTP could participate in the functional plasticity processes like synaptic tagging and capture (STC). In addition, we studied whether a cooperation between cholinergic and glutamatergic receptors is essential to induce functional synaptic‐plasticity. Indeed, we could show that coactivation of acetylcholine/PDE4 inhibition must coincide with the release of glutamate to induce a long‐lasting plasticity, showing a functional convergence of the two neuromodulatory systems. Moreover, we could also show that both chemical late‐LTP and carbachol‐reinforced early‐LTP‐induced STC processes are mediated by the neurotrophin BDNF. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Place, space, and taste: Combining context and spatial information in a hippocampal navigation system
Authors: Clearwater Jonathon M. , Bilkey David K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe hippocampus appears to play an important role in episodic‐like, or “what, where, when” memory that may be used for goal finding. We have previously presented a model of the hippocampus describing how navigation to a distal goal location could be achieved through gradient ascent processes based on place field density. Here we extend that model to show that information about both where a goal is, and the attributes of that goal, can be incorporated with relatively simple modifications. In this model both the spatial and attribute information would be available to the animal at any location within the environment although differential recall requires two different firing modes. “Where” information is available when cells in the model are firing in “place field” firing mode. The recall of “what” information requires, however, near simultaneous firing of a large number of place cells. We discuss how this “what” firing mode could potentially depend upon sharp‐wave ripple (SPW‐R) events. This conception has implications for how we interpret SPW‐R related firing. In particular, we suggest that the near simultaneous firing that occurs in large groups of cells during SPW‐Rs may be sufficient for “what” recall and that the forward and reverse “replay” of place cell sequences that are often observed during SPW‐Rs may be an epiphenomenon of this process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Withaferin A inhibits breast cancer invasion and metastasis at sub‐cytotoxic doses by inducing vimentin disassembly and serine 56 phosphorylation
Authors: Thaiparambil Jose T. , Bender Laura , Ganesh Thota , Kline Erik , Patel Pritty , Liu Yuan , Tighiouart Mourad , Vertino Paula M. , Harvey R. Donald , Garcia Anapatricia , Marcus Adam I. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWithaferin A (WFA) is purified from the plant Withania somnifera and inhibits the vimentin cytoskeleton. Vimentin overexpression in cancer correlates with metastatic disease, induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and reduced patient survival. As vimentin functions in cell motility, we wanted to test the hypothesis that WFA inhibits cancer metastasis by disrupting vimentin function. These data showed that WFA had weak cytotoxic and apoptotic activity at concentrations less than or equal to 500 nM, but retained potent anti‐invasive activity at these low doses. Imaging of breast cancer cell lines revealed that WFA induces perinuclear vimentin accumulation followed by rapid vimentin depolymerization. A concomitant induction of vimentin ser56 phosphorylation was observed, which is consistent with vimentin disassembly. Structure activity relationships were established using a set of chemically modified WFA analogs and showed that the predicted vimentin‐binding region of WFA is necessary to induce vimentin ser56 phosphorylation and for its anti‐invasive activity. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice revealed that WFA reaches peak concentrations up to 2 μM in plasma with a half‐life of 1.36 hr following a single 4 mg/kg dose. In a breast cancer metastasis mouse model, WFA showed dose‐dependent inhibition of metastatic lung nodules and induced vimentin ser56 phosphorylation, with minimal toxicity to lung tissue. Based upon these studies, we conclude that WFA is a potent breast cancer anti‐metastatic agent and the anti‐metastatic activity of WFA is, at least in part, mediated through its effects on vimentin and vimentin ser56 phosphorylation.
MicroRNA‐328 is associated with (non‐small) cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastasis and mediates NSCLC migration
Authors: Arora Shilpi , Ranade Aarati R. , Tran Nhan L. , Nasser Sara , Sridhar Shravan , Korn Ronald L. , Ross Julianna T.D , Dhruv Harshil , Foss Kristen M. , Sibenaller Zita , Ryken Timothy , Gotway Michael B. , Kim Seungchan , Weiss Glen J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBrain metastasis (BM) can affect ∼ 25% of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients during their lifetime. Efforts to characterize patients that will develop BM have been disappointing. microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of target mRNAs. miRNAs play a role in regulating a variety of targets and, consequently, multiple pathways, which make them a powerful tool for early detection of disease, risk assessment, and prognosis. We investigated miRNAs that may serve as biomarkers to differentiate between NSCLC patients with and without BM. miRNA microarray profiling was performed on samples from clinically matched NSCLC from seven patients with BM (BM+) and six without BM (BM−). Using t‐test and further qRT‐PCR validation, eight miRNAs were confirmed to be significantly differentially expressed. Of these, expression of miR‐328 and miR‐330‐3p were able to correctly classify BM+ vs. BM− patients. This classifier was used on a validation cohort (n = 15), and it correctly classified 12/15 patients. Gene expression analysis comparing A549 parental and A549 cells stably transfected to over‐express miR‐328 (A549‐328) identified several significantly differentially expressed genes. PRKCA was one of the genes over‐expressed in A549‐328 cells. Additionally, A549‐328 cells had significantly increased cell migration compared to A549 cells, which was significantly reduced upon PRKCA knockdown. In summary, miR‐328 has a role in conferring migratory potential to NSCLC cells working in part through PRKCA and with further corroboration in additional independent cohorts, these miRNAs may be incorporated into clinical treatment decision making to stratify NSCLC patients at higher risk for developing BM.
The HOX gene network in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cillo Clemente , Schiavo Giulia , Cantile Monica , Bihl Michel P. , Sorrentino Paolo , Carafa Vincenza , D' Armiento Maria , Roncalli Massimo , Sansano Sebastiano , Vecchione Raffaela , Tornillo Luigi , Mori Lucia , De Libero Gennaro , Zucman‐Rossi Jessica , Terracciano Luigi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLiver organogenesis and cancerogenesis share common mechanisms. HOX genes control normal development, primary cellular processes and are characterized by a unique genomic network organization. Less is known about the involvement of HOX genes with liver cancerogenesis. The comparison of the HOX gene network expression between nontumorous livers and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) highlights significant differences in the locus A HOX genes, located on chromosome 7, with a consistent overexpression of HOXA13 mRNA thus validating this gene deregulation as a feature of HCC. HOXA13 is a determinant of gut primordia and posterior body structures. Transcriptome analysis of HCC/nontumorous liver mRNAs, selected on the basis of HOXA13 overexpression, recognizes a set of deregulated genes. The matching of these genes with previously reported HCC transcriptome analysis identifies cell‐cycle and nuclear pore‐related HCC phenotype displaying poor prognosis. HOXA13 and HOXA7 homeoproteins share a consensus sequence that physically links eIF4E nuclear bodies acting on the export of specific mRNAs (c‐myc, FGF‐2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and cyclin D1). We report the protein–protein interaction between HOXA13 and eIF4E in liver cancer cells and the deregulation of eIF4E mRNA and protein in cell cycle/nuclear pore HCC group phenotype and in T4 stage HCCs, respectively. Thus, transcriptional and post‐transcriptional HOXA13 deregulation is involved in HCC possibly through the mRNA nuclear export of eIF4E‐dependent transcripts.