bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETROGRADE DISEASES OF FOULED CULTURED JUVENILE HARD CLAMS (Mercenaria mercenaria)
Authors: Leibvitz Louis 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTReported diseases of juvenile clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) are reviewed. A summary of disease problems experienced by hard clam hatcheries and seed purchasers of juvenile clams during a ten‐year period is presented. These include poor growth, poor seed quality and poor survival due to both chronic and acute mortalities. External fouling of juvenile cultured clams by bacteria, protozoans (including algae), molds, sponges, entoprocts, ectoprocts and others, are sometimes detected by microscopic examination of the external surface of the juvenile; however, the effects of external fouling and undetected diseases of the internal organs are not apparent on gross or microscopic examination of the entire juvenile clam. Histological studies are required to evaluate the health and presence of disease, including retrograde changes and atrophy of internal organs of the juvenile during culture. Suggestions for health evaluation of the cultured juvenile clam in order to increase productivity for hatcheries, and to assure quality control for clam seed purchasers, is presented.
Production Characteristics of Striped Bass × White Bass and Striped Bass × Yellow Bass Hybrids
Authors: Wolters William R. , DeMay Richard 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe potential for commercial culture of hybrid striped bass is promising in many areas of the United States. While several different striped bass hybrids are candidates for culture, differential performance has not been thoroughly evaluated. Comparative performance of two striped bass hybrids was evaluated in six, 757–1, fiberglass tanks receiving a continuous flow of ambient pond water for 397 d. Three replicate tanks were stocked with 50 fingerlings (66 fish/m3) of either striped bass female × white bass male (mean weight 23 g) or striped bass female × yellow bass male hybrids. Fish were fed a 35% protein ration throughout the study, and weight was recorded for all fish at stocking and at 21‐d intervals. White bass hybrids grew significantly faster (0.94 g/d) than yellow bass hybrids (0.59 g/d). Survival to harvest averaged 65% and 44% for yellow bass and white bass hybrids, respectively. A significant difference from the expected 1:1 sex ratio occurred for yellow bass hybrids (100% female), but not for white bass hybrids (56% female). Mean condition factor, 1.63 and 1.39, and fillet percentage, 30.7% and 28.4%, was significantly higher for white bass hybrids compared to yellow bass hybrids.
Evaluation of Various Concentrations of Dietary Protein and Animal Protein for Pond‐Raised Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus Fed to Satiation or at a Restricted Rate
Authors: Robinson Edwin H. , Li Menghe H. , Manning Bruce B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of dietary protein (28% or 32%), animal protein (0, 3, or 6%), and feeding rate (satiation or >90 kg/ha per d) on production characteristics, processing yield, and body composition of pond‐raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Fingerling channel catfish (average weight: 55 g/fish) were stocked into 60, 0.04‐ha ponds at a rate of 18,530 fish/ha. Five ponds were used for each dietary treatment. Fish were fed once daily to satiation or no more than 90 kg/ha per d for 147 d. Fish fed at a rate of >90 kg/ha per d consumed about 85% of the amount of feed consumed by fish fed to satiation. Dietary protein did not affect the total amount of feed fed, amount of feed consumed per fish, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, or fillet protein. Animal protein had no effect on the total amount of feed fed, amount of feed consumed per fish, weight gain, or fillet protein and ash. Fish fed a diet containing 6% animal protein converted feed more efficiently than fish fed diets containing 0% and 3% animal protein. Fish fed to satiation daily consumed more feed, gained more weight, converted the feed less efficiently, and had a higher carcass yield, a higher level of visceral fat as compared to fish fed at a rate of >90 kg/ha per d. Feeding rate had no effect on fillet protein. Results from this study indicated that both a 28% and a 32% protein diet with or without animal protein provided the same growth rate of channel catfish raised in ponds from fingerlings to marketable size if feed is not restricted below a maximum rate of 90 kg/ha per d. Even though there were some interactions among the three factors evaluated, dietary protein levels of 28% to 32% and animal protein levels of 0% to 6% do not appear to markedly affect carcass yield and fillet proximate composition of pond‐raised channel catfish.
Studies on the Nutrition of Spotted Sand Bass Paralabrax maculatofasciatus: Effect of the Dietary Protein Level on Growth and Protein Utilization in Juveniles Fed Semipurified Diets
Authors: Anguas‐Vélez Benjamín H. , Civera‐Cerecedo Roberto , Cadena‐Roa Marco , Guillaume Jean , Martínez‐Díaz Sergio F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwo feeding trials were conducted to determine the digestibility of a casein‐based semi‐purified diet and the effects of different protein levels on growth and protein use of spotted sand bass Paralabrax maculatofasciatus juveniles. For trial I, a semipurified diet with vitamin‐free casein as the sole source of protein was fed three times a day to apparent satiation, for a period of 20 d. Feces were collected by siphoning each tank. The digestibility of the experimental diet was high: 97% for protein, 89% for lipids, and 84% for gross energy, whereas that of organic matter was 78%. For trial II, seven diets were formulated using vitamin‐free casein at graded levels (25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55% protein). Triplicate tanks for each dietary treatment were stocked with fish and fed by hand three times a day to apparent satiation for 6 wk. Perfomance of fish fed the different diets was evaluated for survival, percent weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio. Survival was 100% for all treatments. Growth of spotted sand bass juveniles increased as the dietary protein increased, but no evidence of reaching a plateau was found. The daily feed intake values showed an inverse relation to the protein content of the diets. The feed conversion ratio did not differ among diets containing 40% protein or greater. The results indicate that spotted sand bass juveniles with 2.5‐g mean weight need at least 55% dietary protein for best growth when casein is the sole protein source. However, in terms of feed conversion ratio, the requirement apparently could be lower.
Optimum Dietary Protein Levels and Protein to Energy Ratios in Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus
Authors: Kim Kang‐Woong , Kang Yong‐Jin , Choi Se‐Min , Wang Xiaojie , Choi Youn‐Hee , Bai Sungchul C. , Jo Jae‐Yoon , Lee Jeong‐Yeol 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus is one of the most commercially important fish species in Korea. In order to formulate better diets for cultured olive flounder we evaluated the optimum dietary protein requirements for larval, fry and juvenile olive flounder, and the optimum dietary protein to energy ratio for juvenile olive flounder. Results of four separate experiments suggested that the optimum dietary protein requirements were 60% in larvae (0.3 g), 46.4–51.2% in 4.1‐g juvenile, and 40–44% in 13.3 g growing olive flounder. The optimum dietary protein to energy ratio based on weight gain, feed efficiency, specific growth rate, and protein retention efficiency was 27–28 mg protein/kJ 2 energy (35 and 45% CP for diets containing 12.5 and 16.7 kJ energylg diet, respectively).
Comparison of the efficacy of triple versus quadruple therapy on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and antibiotic resistance
Authors: ZHENG Qing , CHEN Wan Jun , LU Hong , SUN Qin Juan , XIAO Shu Dong 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE:  Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication with pantoprazole‐based 7‐day standard triple therapy (PAC) and 10‐day quadruple therapy (PBMT), and to study the primary resistance of H. pylori to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole and tetracycline.METHODS:  A total of 170 patients with non‐ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and H. pylori infection were allocated to two study groups. The PAC group received pantoprazole 40 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 1.0 g b.i.d. and clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d. for 7 days; the PBMT group received pantoprazole 40 mg b.i.d., colloidal bismuth subcitrate 220 mg b.i.d, metronidazole 400 mg t.i.d. and tetracycline 750 mg b.i.d. for 10 days. A total of 80 H. pylori strains were isolated and antibiotic resistance was measured by the agar dilution method.RESULTS:  A total of 166 patients completed the therapy. The intention‐to‐treat eradication rates in the PAC and PBMT groups were 63.5% and 89.4%, respectively (P < 0.05). By per protocol analysis, the eradication rates of the two groups were 65.1% and 91.6%, respectively (P < 0.05). Overall 77 clinical isolated H. pylori strains were cultured successfully. The H. pylori primary resistance rates to metronidazole and clarithromycin were 41.6% and 20.8%, respectively, whereas all the H. pylori isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin and tetracycline.CONCLUSION:  The efficacy of PAC declines in many regions in China because of high antibiotic resistance rates. The PBMT regimen achieved a high eradication rate of H. pylori and might be used as a first‐line therapy.
SHOULD ALL DOCTORS BE PUT ON SALARY?
Authors: Grichting Wolfgang L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn effort is made to identify groups of advocates and opponents of the notion that all doctors ought to be put on salary. Three major findings result from the analysis: respondents who are concerned either with cost reduction or equalisation of access to medical service favour fixed remuneration of all doctors: people who favour the remuneration by salary of all doctors appear to be spokesmen for others rather than advocates of their own cause; political party preference is the most important causal factor in determining the support for such a policy. Overall, two out of five respondents endorse the notion of fixed compensation of all doctors but neither political party is able to muster a clear majority for such a proposition suggesting that the present fee‐for‐service arrangement will not be changed in the foreseeable future.
A SURVEY OF THE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES TO FEMALES OF OPERATING VISUAL DISPLAY UNITS
Authors: Lewis M.J. , Esterman A.J. , Dorsch Margaret M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA cross‐sectional survey of female office workers in South Australia was initiated to compare the general health experiences of visual display unit (VDU) operators with those of other keyboard workers. Additionally, a matched casecontrol study, generated from the cross‐sectional survey, examined claims of a relationship between VDU exposure and spontaneous abortions.Although poor sleep and nervousness appeared to be significantly associated with the use of VDUs there appeared to be no relationship with nervousness after controlling for other measured risk factors such as age and employer. VDU use was the only statistically significant predictor variable for dizziness and poor sleep, although the statistical significance was marginal. Results of the case‐control analysis, provided little evidence that the operation of VDUs during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion.
PARITY AND DEATH FROM COLON CANCER IN WOMEN: A CASE‐CONTROL STUDY
Authors: McMichael A.J. , Potter J.D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWithin the population of ever‐married women, aged 40 or over, in South Australia, the parity distributions of 515 consecutive registered deaths attributed to colon cancer during 1976–1980, 17,941 consecutive deaths from other causes, and the mid‐1976 census population of 203,718 women were compared. The age‐adjusted relative risks of colon cancer death, using the census population as controls and treating nulliparous women as RR = 1.00, were 0.72 and 0.63 for para 1–2 and para 3‐plus women respectively. These risk reductions were statistically significant (p<0.05). Comparison of cases with other deceased women as controls yielded lesser reductions in risk associated with increasing parity (RR = 0.89 and 0.80); the equivalent comparison for ever‐married men showed a negligible change in risk associated with having fathered children (RR = 0.98). The similarity of these findings with other recent reports of colon cancer in relation to parity in women, and their likely biological significance, is discussed.
A METHOD OF ANALYSING GENERAL PRACTIONER DECISION MAKING CONCERNING HOME OR HOSPITAL CORONARY CARE
Authors: Stephenson Anne E. , Chetwynd S. Jane 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the use of the repertory grid technique to study general practitioner decision making concerning home or hospital care for patients suffering from suspected myocardial infarctions. The technique was used to analyse a general practitioner's place‐of‐care decisions regarding five patients treated by him. The methodology described here has wider application in the study of decision making in the health service, and is being used by the authors in a larger study of a random sample of general practitioners and their coronoary care decision making over a one year period.
INEQUALITIES IN PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE AMONG WORKING MALES, 15–64, IN NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Davis Peter 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe welfare state has come under increasing scrutiny, especially in relation to the efficiency and fairness with which it delivers key human services such as health care. The paper mounts a preliminary investigation of such issues in the context of the delivery of primary medical care in New Zealand.The study is based on a 1 per cent sample of all general practice visits in the Hamilton Health District over a period of a year. The data are presented only for employed males in the 15–64 age group.Manual workers and the Maori visit the general practitioner more frequently for all illness conditions, for certain predicted groups of illnesses, and for more severe health problems. There is also evidence of a social class/ethnic group interaction effect. However, the extent of these disparities in utilisation are less marked than those indicated by epidemiological measures of need based on mortality data.
ALCOHOL TAXATION AS A PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY: THE NEW ZEALAND EXPERIENCE
Authors: Ashton Toni , Casswell Sally 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe paper discusses issues surrounding the use of alcohol taxation as a means of reducing the costs imposed on New Zealand society by the abuse of alcohol. Econometric studies have indicated that, in common with most other industrialised countries, increases in the real price of alcoholic beverages in New Zealand reduce the per capita consumption of alcohol. Alcohol taxes are well‐targeted towards those who are most likely to impose costs on society: 7% of drinkers drink approximately half of all alcohol consumed and therefore pay a large proportion of alcohol taxes. The common assertion that the burden of alcohol taxes falls disproportionately on low income groups is not supported by this analysis: alcohol taxation in New Zealand appears to be proportional rather than regressive.
THE VICTORIAN NUTRITION SURVEY: A PROFILE OF THE ENERGY, MACRONUTRIENT AND SODIUM INTAKES OF THE POPULATION
Authors: Baghurst Katrine I. , Crawford David , Worsley Anthony , Syrette Julie A. , Record Sally J. , Baghurst Peter A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA random State‐wide survey of the Victorian population demonstrated clearly a wide discrepancy between the respondents' current nutritional intake and the pattern of intake recommended for improvement in the community's chronic disease profile. The results of the survey highlighted a range of methodological issues relevant to the recommendations of the Nutrition Task Force of the Better Health Commission relating to the need for ongoing surveillance of the nutritional profile and attitudes of the Australian community. It also demonstrated a surprising lack of change in the nutrient profile of the Australian community over the past few years despite various independent nutrition policy and education initiatives.
INTERVENTION IN CHILDBIRTH AND NEONATAL RESPONSIVENESS
Authors: Muhlen‐Schulte Liselott , Wade Kenneth 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper is a report of a study of obstetric intervention in childbirth and its effects on neonatal behaviour. Interventions included anaesthesia, augmentation, induction and caesarean section and their relationships to behavioural responsiveness of the babies over the neonatal period were examined. Among the 120 mothers, the study found considerable rates of intervention into childbirth. Babies were assessed on three occasions using the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). Data from one hundred and nine babies were analysed. Babies whose mothers had epidural anaesthesia were less likely to achieve optimal Motoric subscale scores than babies whose mothers did not. A lower percentage of caesarean birth babies than vaginal birth babies achieved optimal scores on the State Control, Interaction and Motoric subscales of the NBAS. It is recommended that every effort be made to reduce the high caesarean section rate, the rates of other interventions, such as induction and the levels of use of epidural anaesthesia and episiotomy. A preferred way to do this would be to make a more natural birth available to all but the truly high‐risk population.
PUBLIC OPINION ON TOBACCO ADVERTISING, SPORTS SPONSORSHIPS AND TAXATION PRIOR TO THE VICTORIAN TOBACCO ACT, 1987
Authors: Hill David 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA survey of 1136 Victorian adults in June, 1987 showed high awareness of government involvement in anti‐smoking campaigns and a big majority(79%) who favoured maintaining the campaigns or making them tougher. Nearly half would unconditionally approve an increase in tobacco tax of 50 cents per packet and if the revenue raised were to be hypothecated to programs such as health education, medical research and funding sport and the arts, the approval for a tobacco tax increase rose to 84 per cent. Sixty‐three per cent approved a ban on cigarette advertising and 37 per cent a ban on sponsorship of sport by tobacco companies. Providing the government replaced cigarette sponsorship money with funds raised through tobacco taxes, a further 20 per cent would approve a ban on tobacco sponsorship of sport, making the total approval for the measure 57 per cent.
TYING DOWN THE INDICATORS AND TARGETS FOR HEALTH FOR ALL
Authors: Ashton John 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe World Health Organisation strategy for Health For All by the Year 2000 has provided the framework for the Health Promotion strategy used in the Mersey Health Region, in the U.K.‘Health in Mersey — A Review’, provided a community diagnosis that brought together data from different sectors, compared the health of Mersey residents with that of the populations of England and Wales and made within‐Region comparisons between residents Of the lo Mersey Health Districts.The process of producing the community diagnosis for Mersey revealed the shortcomings of the available data‐base and information systems for Health Promotion. In particular it was clear that much routinely collected data of relevance to Health Promotion was currently not being made use of because it was collected by non‐health agencies. In addition the lack of useful local, as opposed to regional or national, data, especially in relation to lifestyles and risk factors, highlighted the necessity for new initiatives.A short‐life working party was convened to examine the information needs for Health Promotion in relation to the 12 Regional priorities.In examining the 12 Regional priorities from the point of view of five categories of Data, Health Services, Related Organisations, Special Survey, Analytically Derived and ‘Soft’ Descriptive, items could be further grouped depending on whether they are available now (AN), analysis is required to obtain them (AR) or whether development work is necessary to obtain them (DWR).Based on the outcome of the Working Party, appropriate summary indicators and targets have been suggested for each of the Regional Health Promotion priorities. The selection is based on the criteria used in the World Health Organisation Healthy Cities Project, namely that indicators and targets should as far as possible stimulate change, be readily available and relate to Health Promotion principles. They are intended to stimulate debate. The emphasis of the proposed data is on small area comparisons and the reduction in inequalities.
GUIDELINES FOR RESEARCH PRACTICE IN AUSTRALIA: NHMRC STATEMENT & PROFESSIONAL CODES
Authors: Berglund Catherine A. , McNeill Paul M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe guidelines for research practice with human participants offered in the National Health and Medical Research Council's ‘Statement on Human Experimentation and Supplementary Notes’ and a number of professions' Codes of Ethics were examined in terms of the principles of beneficence, respect for persons and justice. Clear differences emerged between the Professional Codes and the NHMRC Statement, particularly in the areas of confidentiality, reporting of research results and further use of data. The question of whether the NHMRC Statement is sufficiently comprehensive to guide research in many fields is considered.
VALIDATION STUDIES FROM THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS REGISTRY
Authors: Bower Carol , Forbes Robin , Ryan Aandra , Rudy Edwina 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA series of studies was undertaken in 1989 to validate the data held by the Western Australian Congenital Malformations Registry. Comparison with hospital discharge data identified 1585 children six years of age or younger with malformations discharged from hospitals in Western Australia in 1986, 226 of whom were not already recorded on the Congenital Malformations Register. When the records of a special register for cleft lip and palate were examined, all cases of facial cleft known to the special register were also recorded on the Malformations Register.Comparison of the Western Australian data for major groups of malformations with data from the South Australian Birth Defects Register raised the possibility of under ascertainment in Western Australia of cases of congenital heart disease.Multiple sources of ascertainment and evaluation of the ways in which such sources are tapped are important factors in striving for complete and accurate information on congenital malformations for research and public health purposes.