bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between dietary patterns, physical activity (leisure-time and occupational) and television viewing in middle-aged French adults
Authors: Charreire Hélène , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Bertrais Sandrine , Simon Chantal , Chaix Basile , Weber Christiane , Touvier Mathilde , Galan Pilar , Hercberg Serge , Oppert Jean-Michel 
Published: January 2011

Diet and physical activity are considered to be major components of a healthy lifestyle. However, few studies have examined in detail the relationships between specific types of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and diet in adults. The objective of the present study was to assess differential relationships between dietary patterns, leisure-time and occupational physical activities and time spent watching television (TV), as an indicator of sedentary behaviour, in middle-aged French subjects. We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from 1359 participants in the SUpplémentation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants study, who completed a detailed physical activity questionnaire and at least six 24 h dietary records. Sex-specific dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis; their relationships with leisure-time and occupational physical activities and TV viewing were assessed using ANCOVA, after adjustment for age, educational level and smoking status. Three dietary patterns were identified in each sex. After adjustment for potential confounders, leisure-time physical activity was positively associated with a ‘healthy’ food pattern in both men (Pfor trend < 0·01) and women (Pfor trend < 0·03) and negatively associated with an ‘alcohol/meat’ pattern in men (Pfor trend < 0·01). TV viewing was positively associated with a ‘convenience’ pattern in men and with a ‘alcohol-appetiser’ pattern in women. In conclusion, identification of relationships between dietary patterns, physical activity and sedentary behaviour can enable identification of different types of lifestyle and should help to target at-risk groups in nutrition prevention programmes.
Different kinds of vegetable oils in relation to individual cardiovascular risk factors among Iranian women
Authors: Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: January 2011

Detrimental effects oftrans-fats on lipid profiles, blood pressure and plasma glucose levels have been documented by short-term clinical trials with high doses oftrans-fats, but limited observational studies have considered habitual consumption of partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO) and these outcome variables, particularly hypertension. We aimed to evaluate the association of PHVO and non-hydrogenated vegetable oils (non-HVO) intake with individual cardiovascular risk factors. In a cross-sectional study of 486 Iranian adult women, usual dietary intakes were assessed, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profiles and blood pressure were measured. PHVO (commonly used for cooking in Iran) were considered as the PHVO category. Sunflower oil, maize oil, rapeseed oil, soyabean oil and olive oil were defined as the non-HVO category. Diabetes (FPG ≥ 1260 mg/l), dyslipidaemia (based on Adult Treatment Panel III) and hypertension (based on Joint National Committee VI) were defined. The presence of ‘at least one risk factor’ and ‘at least two risk factors’ of the three major risk factors for CVD (hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes) was also evaluated. After controlling for age and other potential confounders, a high consumption of HVO was associated with a greater risk of having dyslipidaemia (OR for topv. bottom quintile 5·04; 95 % CI 2·70, 9·36), hypertension (OR for topv. bottom quintile 3·03; 95 % CI 1·55, 6·10), at least one (OR for topv. bottom quintile 8·52; 95 % CI 4·41, 16·41) and at least two risk factors (OR for topv. bottom quintile 3·60; 95 % CI 1·64, 7·74), while those in the top quintile of non-HVO consumption had lower odds for all these conditions. Further adjustment for dietary intakes had little impact on these associations. Even after additional adjustment for BMI, the positive association of HVO and the inverse association of non-HVO with the above-mentioned cardiovascular risk factors remained significant, except for the association between non-HVO and hypertension that became marginally significant. No overall significant associations were found between the consumption of HVO and non-HVO and diabetes. Higher intakes of PHVO were associated with a greater risk of individual cardiovascular risk factors, while those of non-HVO were associated with a reduced risk.
The present location of the tent that Roald Amundsen left behind at the South Pole in December 1911
Authors: Orheim Olav 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTDetermining the present precise location of Amundsen's tent is a function of 1) the precision of Amundsen's navigation in 1911, 2) the flow of ice since then, and 3) the amount of burial by intervening snow fall. These factors are discussed and it is concluded that the best location that can be given for the tent in December 2011 is 89° 58′ 51″ S, 46° 14′ E, and lying 17 m below the present snow surface. The uncertainty in the position is 0.3 km, and is mainly related to uncertainties in the original positioning. It can be concluded with high certainty that the tent lies between 1.8 and 2.5 km from the South Pole.
Assessing the Role of Increasing Choice in English Social Care Services
Authors: STEVENS MARTIN , GLENDINNING CAROLINE , JACOBS SALLY , MORAN NICOLA , CHALLIS DAVID , MANTHORPE JILL , FERNANDEZ JOSÉ-LUIS , JONES KAREN , KNAPP MARTIN , NETTEN ANN , WILBERFORCE MARK 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article aims to explore the concept of choice in public service policy in England, illustrated through findings of the Individual Budgets (IB) evaluation. The evaluation tested the impact of IBs as a mechanism to increase choice of access to and commissioning of social care services around the individual through a randomised trial and explored the experiences and perspectives of key groups through a large set of interviews. The article presents a re-examination of these interview data, using three ‘antagonisms of choice’ proposed in the literature – choice and power relations, choice and equity, and choice and the public nature of decisions – as organising themes. The randomised trial found that IB holders perceived they had more control over their lives and appreciated the extra choice over use of services, albeit with variations by user group. However, problems of power relations, equity and the constraints implied by the public nature of decision-making were complicating and limiting factors in producing the benefits envisaged. The focus on choice in policy, especially as implemented by IBs, emphasises an individualistic approach. The findings suggest that addressing broader issues relating to power, equity and an understanding of the public nature of choice will be of value in realising more of the benefits of the policy.
From Lumpy Gravy to Civilization Phaze III: The Story of Frank Zappa's Disenchantment
Authors: BERNARD JONATHAN W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAmong the vast recorded output of Frank Zappa's remarkable career, two albums—the very early Lumpy Gravy (1968) and the posthumously released Civilization Phaze III (1994)—have special significance, not only for their great originality but also for the conceptual link between them. A close examination of these works, together with recently issued audio-archival material that provides a basis for conjecture about the genesis of Lumpy Gravy, reveals much about Zappa's unique position in the realms of popular and art music as he negotiated the boundary between them. It also shows how and to what extent Zappa embraced an avant-garde aesthetic in Lumpy Gravy, his first solo album, and how this orientation was abandoned yet also, in a way, echoed in Civilization Phaze III.
Dalliance: interactive genome viewing on the web
Authors: Down Thomas A. , Piipari Matias , Hubbard Tim J. P. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Summary: Dalliance is a new genome viewer which offers a high level of interactivity while running within a web browser. All data is fetched using the established distributed annotation system (DAS) protocol, making it easy to customize the browser and add extra data.
Availability and Implementation: Dalliance runs entirely within your web browser, and relies on existing DAS server infrastructure. Browsers for several mammalian genomes are available at http://www.biodalliance.org/, and the use of DAS means you can add your own data to these browsers. In addition, the source code (Javascript) is available under the BSD license, and is straightforward to install on your own web server and embed within other documents.
Contact: thomas@biodalliance.org
Identical Amino Acid Substitutions in the Repression Domain of Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid Proteins Have Contrasting Effects on Auxin Signaling
Authors: Li Hanbing , Tiwari Shiv B. , Hagen Gretchen , Guilfoyle Tom J. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins function as repressors of auxin response gene expression when auxin concentrations in a cell are low. At elevated auxin concentrations, these repressors are destroyed via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, resulting in derepression/activation of auxin response genes. Most Aux/IAA repressors contain four conserved domains, with one of these being an active, portable repression domain (domain I) and a second being an auxin-dependent instability domain (domain II). Here, we have analyzed the effects of amino acid substitutions in the repression domain of selected Aux/IAA proteins. We show that stabilized versions of Aux/IAA proteins with amino acid substitutions in domain I display contrasting phenotypes when expressed in transformed Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. An alanine-for-leucine substitution in the LxLxL (where L is leucine and x is another amino acid) repression domain of IAA3, IAA6, or IAA19 confers enhanced auxin response gene expression and “high-auxin” phenotypes when expressed from the 35S or IAA19 promoter (as tested with IAA19) in transformed Arabidopsis plants. In marked contrast, a single alanine-for-leucine substitution in domain I of IAA12 or IAA17 confers repression of auxin response genes and “low-auxin” phenotypes. These results point to intrinsic differences in the repression domain(s) of IAA proteins and suggest that some IAA proteins have stronger or more complex repression domains than others.
Outdoor immunology: methodological considerations for ecologists
Authors: Boughton Raoul K. , Joop Gerrit , Armitage Sophie A.O. 
Published: January 2011

Summary 1. Immune defence is an incredibly complicated system, but to understand how it functions in an ecological context is challenging. Our focus is to outline the diversity of ways to measure immune function for ecologists, and to provide some details on the limitations in interpretation of results. 2. There are two broad questions that ecological immunologists have to deal with. The first is what assays are appropriate for the research question of interest? Some researchers assume the biological relevance of an immune assay without investigation or a complete understanding of the immune response. Therefore, the second question is, what parasite challenge does one choose, and does a measurement of immune function reflect the response of the host towards that parasite? There are many assumptions, caveats, and pitfalls facing ecological immunologists, and investigating the relationships between immune assays and whole organismal defence will help us to understand variations in immune responses. 3. We provide an extensive listing of immune function measures, presenting examples from both the vertebrate and invertebrate literature, and wherever possible from non‐model organisms. We also outline how these responses are part of an integrated immune defence and encourage thinking about immune function as a hierarchical defence model. We describe how immune responses interact with one another, identify concerns regarding when to measure an immune response, and describe general problems faced when trying to collect a measure of immune function in wild organisms. 4. Extrinsic factors influence immune measurements and the importance of parasites is often overlooked. We give several examples of how parasites interact with organism’s immune systems, suggest greater inclusion of parasites into ecological immunology experiments, describe how micro‐organisms may interact symbiotically with their host’s immune system, and advocate the inclusion of tolerance and resistance in ecological immunological thinking.
Preference for diverse pastures by sheep in response to intraruminal administrations of tannins, saponins and alkaloids
Authors: Villalba J. J. , Provenza F. D. , K Clemensen A. , Larsen R. , Juhnke J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPlant secondary compounds (PSC) are increasingly recognized as important in animal health, welfare and nutrition, yet little is known about possible complementarities among forages that contain PSC. This study explored how sheep modify their foraging behaviour in pastures containing four forages with different PSC when challenged with intraruminal administration of a single PSC. Six pairs of lambs received a dose of a single PSC in three successive periods (1 – Condensed tannins, 2 – Saponins, and 3 – Ergotamine) of 5 d each. Six other pairs of lambs received just the vehicle. After the early‐morning dosing, lambs were allowed to graze a choice of: 1 –Lotus corniculatus [birdsfoot trefoil (BFT)], 2 –Medicago sativa [alfalfa (AA)], 3 –Festuca arundinacea [endophyte‐infected tall fescue (TF)], high in tannins, saponins and alkaloids, respectively, and 4 –Dactylis glomerata [orchard grass (OG)]. The foraging behaviour of lambs was recorded at 1‐min intervals (scans). Lambs dosed with tannins had more scans than Controls on BFT (P = 0·002) and TF (P = 0·004). Lambs dosed with saponins had more scans than Controls on TF (P = 0·01), and animals treated with ergotamine had more scans than Controls on BFT (P = 0·03). Lambs showed the lowest proportion of scans on AA after a dose of saponin (P ≤ 0·09) and on TF after a dose of ergotamine (P ≤ 0·009). Thus, lambs minimized the negative impacts of PSC through changes in their foraging behaviour by avoiding over‐ingesting any one PSC and by selectively increasing the preference for complementary PSC‐containing forages.
Nurse prescribing in specialist mental health (Part 1): the views and experiences of practising and non‐practising nurse prescribers and service users
Authors: EARLE E. A. , TAYLOR J. , PEET M. , GRANT G. 
Published: January 2011

Accessible summary

Prescribing medication used to be the role of the doctor, but in recent years nurses have begun to prescribe following training and supervision.
In this single case study from one NHS Trust, we conducted interviews to look at the views of a practising and non‐practising prescriber to understand and compare their experiences of prescribing in mental health, and also the views of service users receiving this care in the community.
Service users reported that receiving their medication from a nurse was more convenient and less stressful, an issue of particular importance for helping their mental health. The practising nurse prescriber described her experiences and felt she had a good structure of supervision and support from the team. Reasons why trained nurse prescribers may not be practising are discussed, with suggestions for future developments and guidance given.
Nurse prescribing appears to work well in a specialist mental health setting when carried out in a supported and structured way. Offering choice was important; however, for some service users, information about why medication may be helpful was still needed.

AbstractNon‐medical prescribing is a relatively new competency that appears to benefit both service users and health professionals alike. However, little is known about its use in mental health settings. This single case study in one UK National Health Service (NHS) Trust aimed to look at these views and consider how the role can be developed further in light of this. Six service users and two nurses trained in nurse prescribing were individually interviewed. One trained nurse had been prescribing for the last 3 years; the other was trained but had never practised. Service users reported that nurse prescribing was more convenient and less anxiety provoking, an issue of particular importance for optimizing mental health services. Offering choice was deemed important; however, for some service users, information about why medication may be beneficial was highlighted as an unmet need in the prescribing process. The practising nurse prescriber described her experiences and credited a good structure of supervision and support from the team. Reasons why trained nurse prescribers may not be practising are discussed, with suggestions for future developments and guidance. This competence appears to work well in a mental health setting when conducted in a supported and structured way.
Rapid formation of distinct hybrid lineages after secondary contact of two fish species (Cottus sp.)
Authors: STEMSHORN KATHRYN C. , REED FLOYD A. , NOLTE ARNE W. , TAUTZ DIETHARD 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHomoploid hybridization after secondary contact between related species can lead to mixtures of genotypes which have the potential for rapid adaptation to new environmental conditions. Here, we focus on a case where anthropogenic changes within the past 200 years have allowed the hybridization between two fish species (Cottus rhenanus and Cottus perifretum) in the Netherlands. Specifically, we address the question of the dynamics of the emergence of these hybrids and invasion of the river systems. Using a set of 81 mostly ancestry‐informative SNP markers, as well as broad sample coverage in and around the area of the initial contact, we find a structured hybrid swarm with at least three distinct hybrid lineages that have emerged out of this secondary contact situation. We show that genetically coherent groups can occur at geographically distant locations, while geographically adjacent groups can be genetically different, indicating that some form of reproductive isolation between the lineages is already effective. Using a newly developed modelling approach, we test the relative influence of founding admixture, drift and migration on the allele compositions of the sampling sites. We find that the allele frequency distributions can best be explained if continued gene flow between the parental species and the hybrid lineages is invoked. Genome mapping of the invasive lineage in the Rhine shows that major chromosomal rearrangements were not involved in creating this distinct lineage. Our results show that hybridization after secondary contact can quickly lead to multiple independent new lineages that have the capacity to form hybrid species.
Impact of the unfolded protein response on the pathogenicity of the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola
Authors: Joubert A. , Simoneau P. , Campion C. , Bataillé‐Simoneau N. , Iacomi‐Vasilescu B. , Poupard P. , François J. M. , Georgeault S. , Sellier E. , Guillemette T. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryThe unfolded protein response (UPR) is an important stress signalling pathway involved in the cellular development and environmental adaptation of fungi. We investigated the importance of the UPR pathway in the pathogenicity of the plant necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola, which causes black spot disease on a wide range of Brassicaceae. We identified the AbHacA gene encoding the major UPR transcription regulator in A. brassicicola. Deletion of AbHacA prevented induction of the UPR in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Loss of UPR in mutants resulted in a complete loss of virulence and was also associated with a cell wall defect and a reduced capacity for secretion. In addition, our results showed that the UPR was triggered by treatment of mycelia with camalexin, i.e. the major Arabidopsis thaliana phytoalexin, and that strains lacking functional AbHacA exhibited increased in vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial plant metabolites. We hypothesize that the UPR plays a major role in fungal virulence by altering cell protection against host metabolites and by reducing the ability of the fungus to assimilate nutrients required for growth in the host environment. This study suggests that targeting the UPR pathway would be an effective plant disease control strategy.
A bicistronic, Ubiquitin‐10 promoter‐based vector cassette for transient transformation and functional analysis of membrane transport demonstrates the utility of quantitative voltage clamp studies on intact Arabidopsis root epidermis
Authors: CHEN ZHONGHUA , GREFEN CHRISTOPHER , DONALD NAOMI , HILLS ADRIAN , BLATT MICHAEL R. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTTo date the use of fluorescent reporter constructs in analysing membrane transport has been limited primarily to cell lines expressing stably either the tagged transporter protein(s) or markers to identify lineages of interest. Strategies for transient expression have yet to be exploited in transport analysis, despite their wide application in cellular imaging studies. Here we describe a Gateway‐compatible, bicistronic vector, incorporating the constitutive Ubiqutin‐10 gene promoter of Arabidopsis that gives prolonged expression after transient transformation and enables fluorescence marking of cells without a fusion construct. We show that Arabidopsis root epidermal cells are readily transformed by co‐cultivation with Agrobacterium and are tractable for quantitative electrophysiological analysis. As a proof of principle, we transiently transformed Arabidopsis with the bicistronic vector carrying GFP as the fluorescent marker and, separately, the integral plasma membrane protein SYP121 essential for the inward K+ channel current. We demonstrate that transient expression of SYP121 in syp121 mutant plants is sufficient to rescue the K+ current in vivo. The combination of transient expression and use of the bicistronic vector promises significant advantages for studies of membrane transport and nutrient acquisition in roots.
Distinct responses of the mitochondrial respiratory chain to long‐ and short‐term high‐light environments in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: YOSHIDA KEISUKE , WATANABE CHIHIRO K. , HACHIYA TAKUSHI , THOLEN DANNY , SHIBATA MASARU , TERASHIMA ICHIRO , NOGUCHI KO 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTIn order to ensure the cooperative function with the photosynthetic system, the mitochondrial respiratory chain needs to flexibly acclimate to a fluctuating light environment. The non‐phosphorylating alternative oxidase (AOX) is a notable respiratory component that may support a cellular redox homeostasis under high‐light (HL) conditions. Here we report the distinct acclimatory manner of the respiratory chain to long‐ and short‐term HL conditions and the crucial function of AOX in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Plants grown under HL conditions (HL plants) possessed a larger ubiquinone (UQ) pool and a higher amount of cytochrome c oxidase than plants grown under low light conditions (LL plants). These responses in HL plants may be functional for efficient ATP production and sustain the fast plant growth. When LL plants were exposed to short‐term HL stress (sHL), the UQ reduction level was transiently elevated. In the wild‐type plant, the UQ pool was re‐oxidized concomitantly with an up‐regulation of AOX. On the other hand, the UQ reduction level of the AOX‐deficient aox1a mutant remained high. Furthermore, the plastoquinone pool was also more reduced in the aox1a mutant under such conditions. These results suggest that AOX plays an important role in rapid acclimation of the respiratory chain to sHL, which may support efficient photosynthetic performance.