bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male breast cancer: A 30‐year experience in South Australia
Authors: DE IESO Paul B , POTTER Andrew E , LE Hien , LUKE Colin , GOWDA Raghavendra V 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAims:  Male breast cancer (MBC) is an uncommon disease with a paucity of information in the literature. The treatment of MBC has traditionally been extrapolated from experience with female breast cancer. This study reports on the treatment and outcomes of this disease in South Australia over a 30‐year period.Methods:  From 1977 to 2007 63 patients with a median age of 62 years (range 33–85 years) were identified and treated for MBC. Data obtained, included initial stage, pathological features, treatment and outcomes.Results:  With a median follow up of 4.9 years (range 2 months to 19 years) the 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 85% with median survival of 5.5 years. In all, 18 (29%) were diagnosed with recurrent disease, while 45 (72%) remained disease free. The median time to recurrence was 2.5 years. One patient failed locally, three (4%) had locoregional recurrence and distant recurrence was noted in 14 patients (22%). Disease stage at presentation was a significant predictor of 5‐year OS and recurrence (P = 0.012 and P = 0.0001). Tumor diameter was also a significant predictor of 5‐year OS and recurrence (P = 0.006 and P = 0.021).Conclusion:  This retrospective series has a 5‐year OS that compares favorably with other published series of MBC. The positive findings may help change the misperception that MBC is an inherently aggressive disease process with a poor clinical outcome. Further studies are needed to carefully and thoroughly investigate this rare but treatable disease.
ERCC1 C19007T polymorphism and the risk and invasiveness of cervical cancer in Korean women
Authors: HAN Seung‐Su , KIM Jae Weon , LEE Sang Hoon , KIM Dong Ho , PARK Noh‐Hyun , SONG Yong‐Sang , KANG Soon‐Beom 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim:  Various DNA alterations by environmental or endogenous carcinogens, if not repaired, can cause genetic mutagenesis, resulting in carcinogenesis. A polymorphic variant of excision repair cross‐complementation group 1 (ERCC1) (the DNA repair gene) may be associated with carcinogenesis due to reduced DNA repair capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the ERCC1 C19007T polymorphism might be associated with the increased risk and invasiveness of cervical cancer in Korean women.Methods:  Peripheral blood samples from 229 patients with invasive cervical cancer and 204 non‐cancer controls were used to detect the ERCC1 C19007T polymorphism by performing a polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Allelic frequencies and genotype distributions in the patients’ group were compared with those in the control group. The relationship between this polymorphism and cancer invasiveness was also evaluated by analyzing clinicopathological parameters including International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, lymph node status, histological type and parametrial invasion. The analytic methods used were the χ2 test and logistic regression analysis.Results:  The allelic frequencies of patients (A, 0.758; C, 0.242) were not significantly different from that of controls (A, 0.755; C, 0.245) (P = 0.925). The C/C genotype had no increased risk for cervical cancer susceptibility compared with the TT genotype (P = 0.932). A subgroup analysis of the clinicopathological parameters in the cancer group also showed that there is no significant association between the ERCC1 C19007T polymorphism and cervical cancer invasiveness.Conclusion:  This study shows that the ERCC1 C19007T polymorphism might not be associated with the risk and invasiveness of cervical cancer in Korean women.
NGC 2419 does not challenge MOND, Part 2
Authors: Sanders R. H. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
I argue that, despite repeated claims of Ibata et al., the globular cluster NGC 2419 does not pose a problem for modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). I present a new polytropic model with a running polytropic index. This model provides an improved representation of the radial distribution of surface brightness while maintaining a reasonable fit to the velocity dispersion profile. Although it may be argued that the differences with these observations remain large compared to the reported random errors, there are several undetectable systematic effects which render a formal likelihood analysis irrelevant. I comment generally upon these effects and upon the intrinsic limitations of pressure-supported objects as tests of gravity.
Vascular Risk Prediction in Ischemic Stroke Patients Undergoing in-patient Rehabilitation – Insights from the Investigation of Patients with Ischemic Stroke in Neurologic Rehabilitation (INSIGHT) Registry
Authors: Weimar Christian , Siebler Mario , Brandt Tobias , Römer Daniela , Rosin Ludger , Bramlage Peter , Sander Dirk 
Published: February 2012

Background In-patient rehabilitation following ischemic stroke offers a unique opportunity for risk factor and lifestyle modification. Quantification of risk in this setting may help to tailor therapy, increase physician awareness and patient compliance and thus to reduce recurrent vascular events. Aims To validate the predictive value of established secondary stroke risk scores. Methods One thousand one hundred sixty-three patients undergoing in-patient rehabilitation following recent ischemic stroke in 15 German neurologic rehabilitation centers were included 0·9 ± 0·5 months after the index event. Outcome information was available for 846 participants (72·7%) after a mean follow-up of 13 ± 2·3 months. Results Patients' mean age was 66·3 ± 12·3 years and 42·5% were women. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (mean 4·0 ± 3·9), modified Rankin scale (median 2, range 0–5), and Barthel Index (median 90, range 0–100) indicated good functional status. A recurrent fatal or nonfatal stroke during follow-up occurred in 6·7% and combined vascular events (stroke, myocardial infarction, vascular death) in 10·9%. The predictive accuracy for recurrent stroke was slightly higher on the Essen Stroke Risk Score than on the Stroke Prognostis Instrument II (area under the curve 0·62 vs. 0·56), while both scores had a similar predictive accuracy for combined vascular events. Conclusions Risk stratification on the Essen Stroke Risk Score and Stroke Prognostis Instrument II provides a moderate accuracy for the prediction of recurrent stroke and vascular events in patients undergoing neurologic inpatient rehabilitation. Although individual risk prediction may remain imprecise, the use of these scores should be encouraged.
Thrombolysis or Anticoagulation for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Rationale and Design of the TO-ACT Trial
Authors: Coutinho Jonathan M. , Ferro José M. , Zuurbier Susanna M. , Mink Marieke S. , Canhão Patrícia , Crassard Isabelle , Majoie Charles B. , Reekers Jim A. , Houdart Emmanuel , de Haan Rob J. , Bousser Marie-Germaine , Stam Jan 
Published: February 2012

Rationale Endovascular thrombolysis, with or without mechanical clot removal, may be beneficial for a subgroup of patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) who have a poor prognosis despite treatment with heparin. Published experience with endovascular thrombolysis is promising but only based on case series and not on controlled trials. Aim The objective of the Thrombolysis or Anticoagulation for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (TO-ACT) trial is to determine if endovascular thrombolysis improves the functional outcome of patients with a severe form of CVT. Design The TO-ACT trial is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint trial. Patients are eligible if they have a radiologically proven CVT, a high probability of poor outcome (defined by presence of one or more of the following risk factors: mental status disorder, coma, intracranial hemorrhagic lesion, or thrombosis of the deep cerebral venous system), and if the responsible physician is uncertain if endovascular thrombolysis or standard anticoagulant treatment is better. One hundred sixty-four patients (82 in each treatment arm) will be included to detect a 50% relative reduction (from 40% to 20%) of poor outcomes. Study Patients will be randomized to receive either endovascular thrombolysis or standard therapy (therapeutic doses of heparin). Endovascular thrombolysis is composed of local application of rt-plasminogen activator (PA) or urokinase within the thrombosed sinuses, mechanical thrombosuction, or a combination of both. Patients randomized to endovascular thrombolysis will be treated with heparin before and after the interventional procedure, according to international guidelines. Outcomes The primary endpoint is the modified Rankin score (mRS) at 12 months, with a score ≥2 defined as poor outcome. Secondary outcomes are six-months mRS, mortality, and recanalization rate. Major intracranial and extracranial hemorrhagic complications within one-week after the intervention are the principal safety outcomes. Results will be analyzed according to the ‘intention-to-treat’ principle. Blinded assessors not involved in the treatment of the patient will assess endpoints with standardized questionnaires.
Design of a Prospective, Dose-Escalation Study Evaluating the Safety of Pioglitazone for Hematoma Resolution in Intracerebral Hemorrhage (SHRINC)
Authors: Gonzales Nicole R. , Shah Jharna , Sangha Navdeep , Sosa Lenis , Martinez Rebecca , Shen Loren , Kasam Mallikarjunarao , Morales Miriam M. , Hossain M Monir , Barreto Andrew D. , Savitz Sean I. , Lopez George , Misra Vivek , Wu Tzu-Ching , Khoury Ramy El , Sarraj Amrou , Sahota Preeti , Hicks William , Acosta Indrani , Sline M. Rick , Rahbar Mohammad H. , Zhao Xiurong , Aronowski Jaroslaw , Grotta James C. 
Published: February 2012

Rationale Preclinical work demonstrates that the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma plays an important role in augmenting phagocytosis while modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. We propose that targeted stimulation of phagocytosis to promote efficient removal of the hematoma without harming surrounding brain cells may be a therapeutic option for intracerebral hemorrhage. Aims The primary objective is to assess the safety of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, pioglitazone, in increasing doses for three-days followed by a maintenance dose, when administered to patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage within 24 h of symptom onset compared with standard care. We will determine the maximum tolerated dose of pioglitazone. Study Design This is a prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation safety trial in which patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage are randomly allocated to placebo or treatment. The Continual Reassessment Method for dose finding is used to determine the maximum tolerated dose of pioglitazone. Hematoma and edema resolution is evaluated with serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at specified time points. Functional outcome will be evaluated at three- and six-months. Outcomes The primary safety outcome is mortality at discharge. Secondary safety outcomes include mortality at three-months and six-months, symptomatic cerebral edema, clinically significant congestive heart failure, edema, hypoglycemia, anemia, and hepatotoxicity. Radiographic outcomes will explore the time frame for resolution of 25%, 50%, and 75% of the hematoma. Clinical outcomes are measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the Barthel Index, modified Rankin Scale, Stroke Impact Scale-16, and EuroQol at three- and six-months.
Autonomy for older people in residential care: a selective literature review
Authors: Welford Claire , Murphy Kathy , Rodgers Vivien , Frauenlob Theresia 
Published: February 2012

welford c., murphy k., rodgers v. & frauenlob t. (2012) Autonomy for older people in residential care: a selective literature review. International Journal of Older People Nursing7, 65–69  doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2012.00311.xAutonomy is an important concept because it brings dignity to peoples’ lives, regardless of physical circumstances. The United Nations (UN) Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing emphasises the need to include older adults in autonomous decision‐making processes. However, many older people living in residential care find that their autonomy is curtailed. This is largely because autonomy for older people is poorly understood, and hence, nurses working with older people need to become clear about what autonomy is and how it can be facilitated. In this, the first of three papers, the literature is reviewed specifically to establish the meaning of autonomy for older people in residential care as opposed to autonomy in a wider context. This important distinction may help nurses working with older people to begin to facilitate autonomy more effectively.
Tissue factor expression determines tumour cell coagulation kinetics
Authors: WELSH J. , SMITH J. D. , YATES K. R. , GREENMAN J. , MARAVEYAS A. , MADDEN L. A. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryIntroduction:  Cancers are associated with varying degrees of an increased risk of venous thromboembotic events (VTE) occurring. This increased risk is tumour driven and associated with tumour expression of tissue factor (TF) and tumour‐derived microparticles (MP). In this study, cancer cell lines from phenotypically distinct tumours were assessed for cell surface TF expression and prothrombin time (PT) taken as a measure of procoagulant potential.Methods:  Breast (T47D, MCF‐7), colorectal (Colo320 and LoVo), head and neck (USCC 11b, 12, 81b and SIHN‐011A) and pancreatic tumour cell lines (ASPC‐1 and CFPAC‐1) were assessed for TF expression by flow cytometry and relative mean fluorescence determined. Procoagulant potential of the cells was then determined by PT assay.Results:  Cell‐supported coagulation was shown to be cell number dependent, defined by a logarithmic relationship that was consistent across all cell lines. Single cell PT was determined for each cell line from the slope of a logarithmically transformed data plot. A near linear relationship was observed between TF expression and single cell clotting time where a higher expression of TF results in a proportionally faster PT (P < 0.001).Conclusions:  This study shows that across a range of tumour sites a consistent relationship is seen between procoagulant potential and both cell number and TF cell surface expression.
Conservation policy in traditional farming landscapes
Authors: Fischer Joern , Hartel Tibor , Kuemmerle Tobias 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMany traditional farming landscapes have high conservation value. Conservation policy in such landscapes typically follows a “preservation strategy,” most commonly by providing financial incentives for farmers to continue traditional practices. A preservation strategy can be successful in the short term, but it fails to acknowledge that traditional farming landscapes evolved as tightly coupled social–ecological systems. Traditionally, people received direct benefits from the environment, which provided a direct incentive for sustainable land use. Globalization and rural development programs increasingly alter the social subsystem in traditional farming landscapes, whereas conservation seeks to preserve the ecological subsystem. The resulting decoupling of the social–ecological system can be counteracted only in part by financial incentives, thus inherently limiting the usefulness of a preservation strategy. An alternative way to frame conservation policy in traditional farming landscapes is a “transformation strategy.” This strategy acknowledges that the past cannot be preserved, and assumes that direct links between people and nature are preferable to indirect links based on incentive payments. A transformation strategy seeks to support community‐led efforts to create new, direct links with nature. Such a strategy could empower rural communities to embrace sustainable development, providing a vision for the future rather than attempting to preserve the past.
Plant lectin‐like antibacterial proteins from phytopathogens Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas citri
Authors: Ghequire Maarten G. K. , Li Wen , Proost Paul , Loris Remy , De Mot René 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThe genomes of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 642 and Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum LMG 761 each carry a putative homologue of the plant lectin‐like bacteriocin (llpA) genes previously identified in the rhizosphere isolate Pseudomonas putida BW11M1 and the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf‐5. The respective purified recombinant proteins, LlpAPss642 and LlpAXcm761, display genus‐specific antibacterial activity across species boundaries. The inhibitory spectrum of the P. syringae bacteriocin overlaps partially with those of the P. putida and P. fluorescens LlpAs. Notably, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri str. 306 secretes a protein identical to LlpAXcm761. The functional characterization of LlpA proteins from two different phytopathogenic γ‐proteobacterial species expands the lectin‐like bacteriocin family beyond the Pseudomonas genus and suggests its involvement in competition among closely related plant‐associated bacteria with different lifestyles.
Delayed Carbon Policy Certainty and Electricity Prices in Australia: A Concise Summary of Subsequent Research*
Authors: Nelson Tim , Simshauser Paul , Orton Fiona , Kelley Simon 
Published: February 2012

In this brief update on analysing the economic costs associated with carbon policy uncertainty, we outline the public policy processes commenced by the Commonwealth Government following the publication of Nelson et al. (2010). We also summarise the research completed by other economists testing the hypothesis that there are material economic costs associated with ongoing carbon policy uncertainty. Independent studies by Frontier Economics (2010), Deloitte (2011) and Sinclair Knight Merz (2011) all conclude that climate change policy uncertainty will result in sub‐optimal capital investment within the electricity sector. In turn, this sub‐optimal investment will manifest itself in unnecessary increases in electricity prices.
Developing a deeper understanding of animal movements and spatial dynamics through novel application of network analyses
Authors: Jacoby David M. P. , Brooks Edward J. , Croft Darren P. , Sims David W. 
Published: February 2012

Summary1. Determining how animals move within their environment is a fundamental knowledge that contributes to effective management and conservation. Continuous ‘round‐the‐clock’ animal movement data are frequently gathered using biotelemetry technology, providing discrete data packages on the presence–absence of animals at known locations through time. Current analyses of such data do not generally account for the interconnectivity of locations as animals move between them and consequently do not integrate graphically or statistically a temporal component to spatial changes.2. Here, we describe the novel application of network analyses to electronic tag data whereby nodes represent locations and edges the movements of individuals. We demonstrate some of the descriptive and quantitative approaches for determining how an animal’s movement interconnects home range habitats. Telemetry data from arrays of recorders provide movement data of individual animals, and as examples of the method proposed, we examine the movements of two distinct shark species, the small‐spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) and the Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi). In doing so, we consider both local and global network properties from an animal movement perspective and simulate the effects of node disruption as a proxy for habitat disturbance.3. Comparative visual representations of two catshark movement networks suggest, for example, potential differences in space use. Multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure shows that habitat is a significant predictor of movement behaviour.4. Null modelling ofC. perezimovement data, corrected for the spatial restriction of static nodes, demonstrated a significant, non‐random distribution of directed movements among sites. Additionally, the connectivity of this animal’s movement network is significantly reduced through targeted disruption of a site of high centrality but not through disruption of a randomly selected site.5. Network theory is a well‐established theoretical framework and its integration into the fast developing field of animal movement and telemetry might improve significantly how we interpret animal space use from electronically recorded data. This technique has potentially wide application in animal behaviour but may also inform the management of habitat harbouring threatened or endangered species via the simulation, modelling and intuitive visualisation of animal movement interactions.
Intravenous heparin for the treatment of intraluminal thrombus in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a case series
Authors: Mokin Maxim , Kass-Hout Tareq , Kass-Hout Omar , Radovic Vladan , Siddiqui Adnan H , Levy Elad I , Snyder Kenneth V 
Published: February 2012

Background and ObjectivesCurrent American Stroke Association/American Heart Association recommendations on the management of acute ischemic stroke do not recommend the early use of heparin because of an increased risk of bleeding complications. However, for select patients, such as those with strokes associated with non-occlusive intraluminal thrombus, intravenous heparin might prove to be beneficial.MethodsA retrospective analysis of acute ischemic stroke cases associated with non-occlusive intraluminal thrombus of intracranial and extracranial arteries in the corresponding vascular territories was conducted to identify patients in whom treatment with intravenous heparin resulted in near-complete or complete lysis of the thrombus. Imaging findings from CT perfusion and angiography, MRI, and/or digital subtraction angiography were used to describe the location of intraluminal thrombus immediately before and after treatment with intravenous heparin.Results18 patients with nonocclusive intraluminal thrombus confirmed by CT angiography (CTA) received treatment with intravenous heparin alone (median duration 3.5 days; range 1–8 days). The median National Institutes of Health stroke scale score was 2.5 (range 0–15) on admission and 1 (range 0–9) at discharge. Nine patients had complete lysis, and nine patients had partial lysis of the thrombus with improved flow distal to the location of the thrombus. None of the patients developed intracranial hemorrhage.ConclusionFor strokes associated with intraluminal thrombus, intravenous heparin might prove to be an effective treatment strategy. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment with intravenous heparin in those patients.
Reconquista and Reconciliation in the Dutch Revolt: The Campaign of Governor-General Alexander Farnese (1578-1592)
Authors: Soen Violet 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The campaign in the Low Countries led by governor-general Alexander Farnese from October 1578 onwards resulted in the reconquest of more cities for the King of Spain than had been achieved by any of his predecessors or successors. It serves here as a starting point for a contextual analysis of the relationship between the ruler and the city defiant during the Dutch Revolt, not only to cast new light on the oft-neglected and complex Spanish Habsburg policies, but also to understand the broader context of questions of resistance and reconciliation during the Dutch Revolt. Most capitulation treaties accorded by Farnese show at least four features at odds with the pattern of repression of urban revolts. The governor aimed at keeping the civic patrimony intact, he granted full pardon and oblivion, he conditionally restored urban privileges and he often felt obliged not to insist on immediate reconciliation with the Catholic Church. The divergent reactions to this Habsburg policy indicate that the Dutch Revolt showed striking features of a civil war, in which not only the conditions of revolt but also of reconciliation caused discord.