bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MAGE-A3/4 and NY-ESO-1 antigens expression in metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bujas T. , Marusic Z. , Peric Balja M. , Mijic A. , Kruslin B. , Tomas D. 
Published: March 2011

In the present study we analyzed immunohistochemical expression of MAGE-A 3/4 and NY-ESO-1 in 55 samples of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) and their respective lymph node metastases. To our knowledge this is the first study to assess and compare the expression of these antigens in ESCC lymph node metastases.	Fifty (90.9%) primary ESCC were positive for MAGE-A 3/4 and 53 (96.6%) were positive for NY-ESO-1. MAGE-A 3/4 was expressed in all lymph node metastases and the intensity of expression was high in a majority of cases. NY-ESO-1 was negative in 2 (7.1%) lymph nodes metastases, while the reaction was predominantly moderate in the positive group.	In primary tumors MAGE-A 3/4 showed a significantly higher intensity of expression compared to NY-ESO-1 (P=0.047), while in lymph node metastases the intensity of expression was not significantly different (P=0.387). Primary tumors with and without lymph node metastases showed no significant differences in MAGE-A 3/4 (P=0.672) and NY-ESO-1 (P=0.444) expression. Intensity of MAGE-A 3/4 (P=0.461) and NY-ESO-1 (P=0.414) expression in primary tumors was not significantly different compared to the expression in their respective lymph nodes metastases.	Expression of MAGE-A 3/4 in primary tumors showed significant positive correlation with primary tumor expression of NY-ESO-1 (P=0.021) but no significant correlation with the expression of MAGE-A 3/4 in lymph node metastases (P=0.056). Expression of NY-ESO-1 in primary tumors showed significant positive correlation with the expression of NY-ESO-1 in lymph node metastases (P=0.001) and significant negative correlation with patients’ age (P<0.001).	Expression of MAGE-A 3/4 and NY-ESO-1 in primary tumors and lymph node metastases showed no significant correlation with prognostic parameters such as tumor grade and TNM stage (P>0.05).	We have shown different levels of MAGE-A 3/4 and NY-ESO-1 expression in almost all specimens of primary tumor and lymph node metastases, suggesting that ESCC may be possible target of immunotherapy and anti-tumor vaccination. High levels of expression in lymph node metastases indicate possible clinical benefit of postoperative vaccine with MAGE-A3 and NY-ESO-1 in advanced stage of disease.
Besifloxacin Ophthalmic Suspension: Emerging Evidence of its Therapeutic Value in Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Authors: Khimdas S. , Visscher K.L. , Hutnik C.M.L. 
Published: March 2011

Objective To outline the pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Quality of Evidence MEDLINE database was searched to review recent pharmacodynamic and clinical studies evaluating besifloxacin and comparing besifloxacin to other topical antibiotics for ophthalmic use. Findings were limited to full-text articles from clinical journals in the English language. Main Message Bacterial resistance is a common source for treatment failure in bacterial conjunctivis. Besifloxacin, a novel fourth generation synthetic fluoroquinolone is likely to show lower resistance rates due to its mechanism of action and its short-term use for ocular infections only (decreased systemic exposure). Besifloxacin displays improved pharmacodynamic properties compared to other commonly used fluoroquinolones and has shown to be efficacious and safe in clinical studies. Conclusion Besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% provides safe and efficacious treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis. The factors leading to bacterial resistance are diminished, which allows besifloxacin to be a favorable treatment option.
Cofiniteness of Generalized Local Cohomology Modules for One-Dimensional Ideals
Authors: Divaani-Aazar Kamran , Hajikarimi Alireza 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLet a be an ideal of a commutative Noetherian ring R and M and N two finitely generated R-modules. Our main result asserts that if dim R/a ≤ 1, then all generalized local cohomology modules (M,N) are a-cofinite.
Search for multiple targets of different colours: Misguided eye movements reveal a reduction of colour selectivity
Authors: Stroud Michael J. , Menneer Tamaryn , Cave Kyle R. , Donnelly Nick , Rayner Keith 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSearching for two targets simultaneously is often less efficient than conducting two separate searches. Eye movements were tracked to understand this dual‐target cost. Findings are discussed in the context of security screening. In both single‐target and dual‐target search, displays contained one target at most. Stimuli were abstract shapes modelled after guns and other threat items. With these targets and distractors, colour information helped more in guiding search than shape information. When the two targets had different colours, distractors with colours different from either target were fixated more often in dual‐target search than in single‐target searches. Thus a dual‐target cost arose from a reduction in colour selectivity, reflecting limitations in the ability to represent two target features simultaneously and use them to guide search. Because of these limitations, performance in security searches may improve if each image is searched by two screeners, each specializing in a different category of threat item. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biosensors: Control of Nanoscale Environment to Improve Stability of Immobilized Proteins on Diamond Surfaces (Adv. Funct. Mater. 6/2011)
Authors: Radadia Adarsh D. , Stavis Courtney J. , Carr Rogan , Zeng Hongjun , King William P. , Carlisle John A. , Aksimentiev Aleksei , Hamers Robert J. , Bashir Rashid 
Published: March 2011

AbstractImmunoassays for detection of bacterial pathogens rely on the selectivity and stability of bio‐recognition elements such as antibodies tethered to sensor surfaces. The search for novel surfaces that improve the stability of biomolecules and assay performance has been pursued for a long time. However, the anticipated improvements in stability have not been realized in practice under physiological conditions because the surface functionalization layers on commonly used substrates, silica and gold, are themselves unstable on time scales of days. In this paper, we show that covalent linking of antibodies to diamond surfaces leads to substantial improvements in biological activity of proteins as measured by the ability to selectively capture cells of the pathogenic bacterium Escherichia coli O157:H7 even after exposure to buffer solutions at 37 ºC for extended periods of time, approaching 2 weeks. Our results from ELISA, XPS, fluorescence microscopy, and MD simulations suggest that by using highly stable surface chemistry and controlling the nanoscale organization of the antibodies on the surface, it is possible to achieve significant improvements in biological activity and stability. Our findings can be easily extended to functionalization of micro and nanodimensional sensors and structures of biomedical diagnostic and therapeutic interest.
Photovoltaic Devices: Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS Electrode with Optimized Solvent and Thermal Post‐Treatment for ITO‐Free Organic Solar Cells (Adv. Funct. Mater. 6/2011)
Authors: Kim Yong Hyun , Sachse Christoph , Machala Michael L. , May Christian , Müller‐Meskamp Lars , Leo Karl 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHighly conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films as stand‐alone electrodes for organic solar cells have been optimized using a solvent post‐treatment method. The treated PEDOT:PSS films show enhanced conductivities up to 1418 S cm−1, accompanied by structural and chemical changes. The effect of the solvent treatment on PEDOT:PSS has been investigated in detail and is shown to cause a reduction of insulating PSS in the conductive polymer layer. Using these optimized electrodes, ITO‐free, small molecule organic solar cells with a zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc):fullerene C60 bulk heterojunction have been produced on glass and PET substrates. The system was further improved by pre‐heating the PEDOT:PSS electrodes, which enhanced the power conversion efficiency to the values obtained for solar cells on ITO electrodes. The results show that optimized PEDOT:PSS with solvent and thermal post‐treatment can be a very promising electrode material for highly efficient flexible ITO‐free organic solar cells.
Drug Delivery: Wavelength‐Selective Light‐Induced Release from Plasmon Resonant Liposomes (Adv. Funct. Mater. 6/2011)
Authors: Leung Sarah J. , Kachur Xenia M. , Bobnick Michael C. , Romanowski Marek 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBiodegradable, spectrally tunable plasmon resonant nanocapsules are created via the deposition of gold onto the surface of 100 nm diameter thermosensitive liposomes. These nanocapsules exhibit selective release of encapsulated contents upon illumination with light of a wavelength matching their distinct resonance bands. In this study, 760 and 1210 nm laser illumination elicits complete release from gold‐coated liposomes with a corresponding resonance, while causing minimal release from liposomes with an unmatching resonance. Spectrally selective release is accomplished through the use of multiple, low‐intensity laser pulses delivered over a period of minutes, ensuring that illumination affects the gold‐coated liposomes without heating the surrounding media. The use of pulsed illumination to achieve spectral selectivity is validated experimentally and through modeling of the heat equation. The result of this illumination scheme for selective release using multiple wavelengths of light is a biologically safe mechanism for realizing drug delivery, microfluidic, and sensor applications.
X‐shooter, a unique VLT project
Authors: D'Odorico S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractX‐shooter, an intermediate resolution spectrograph, is the first VLT instrument of the second generation. It was built in a record time of 6 years by a Consortium of Institutes in Denmark, France, Italy, The Netherlands and at ESO and started operation in 2009. For the first time in astronomical instrumentation, X‐shooter offers parallel coverage from the atmospheric cut‐off at 300 nm to the K band, a feature that allows for the timely capture of the spectra of targets of unknown redshift like the GRBs (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
X‐shooter: What stands behind the good performance
Authors: Zerbi F.M. , Dekker H. , Guinouard I. , Navarro R. , Rasmussen P.K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOne year of operations demonstrated the high level of scientific performance of the X‐shooter spectrograph. The excellent science opened by this instrument is described in various papers within this volume. The purpose of this contribution is to briefly describe the novel technical solution adopted in the design and construction phase of X‐shooter that made it a successful instrument and the aforementioned science possible (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An X‐shooter survey of star forming regions: Low‐mass stars and sub‐stellar objects
Authors: Alcalá J.M. , Stelzer B. , Covino E. , Cupani G. , Natta A. , Randich S. , Rigliaco E. , Spezzi L. , Testi L. , Bacciotti F. , Bonito R. , Covino S. , Flaccomio E. , Frasca A. , Gandolfi D. , Leone F. , Micela G. , Nisini B. , Whelan E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe present preliminary results of our X‐shooter survey in star forming regions. In this contribution we focus on subsamples of young stellar and sub‐stellar objects (YSOs) in the Lupus star forming region and in the TW Hya association. We show that the X‐shooter spectra are suitable for conducting several parallel studies such as YSO + disk fundamental parameters, accretion and outflow activity in the very low‐mass (VLM) and sub‐stellar regimes, as well as magnetic activity in young VLM YSOs, and Li abundance determinations. The capabilities of X‐shooter in terms of wide spectral coverage, resolution and limiting magnitudes, allow us to assess simultaneously the accretion/outflow, magnetic activity, and disk diagnostics, from the UV and optical to the near‐IR, avoiding ambiguities due to possible YSO variability (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stellar parameters of young brown dwarfs
Authors: Rigliaco E. , Natta A. , Testi L. , Randich S. , Covino E. , Alcalá J.M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe present X‐shooter observations of two brown dwarf candidates. We focus on the determination of stellar parameters and their errors. The targets, an accreting class II and a non‐accreting class III objects, are members of the σ Orionis star‐forming region. We derive the spectroscopic spectral types from the VIS spectrum and the stellar parameters. We find that the uncertainties on the stellar parameters have a minor effect on the determination of the mass accretion rate for the accreting star, thus confirming that the discrepancies between the mass accretion rate estimates found with different (simultaneous) tracers are probably due to different physical conditions where the accretion/wind indicators are produced (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Absorption spectroscopy of gamma‐ray burst afterglows: Probing the GRB line of sight
Authors: D'Elia V. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGRB absorption spectroscopy opened up a new window in the study of the high redshift Universe, especially with the launch of the Swift satellite and the quick and precise localization of the afterglow. Eight‐meter class telescopes can be repointed within a few hours from the GRB, enabling the acquisition of high signal‐to‐noise ratio and high resolution afterglow spectra. In this paper I will give a short review of what we learned through this technique, and I will present some of the first results obtained with the X‐shooter spectrograph (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GRB host galaxies studies with X‐shooter
Authors: Piranomonte S. , Vergani S. D. , Onori F. , Savaglio S. , Palazzi E. , Flores H. , Covino S. , Goldoni P. , Randich S. , Hammer F. , Pian E. , Tagliaferri G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGamma‐ray bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful explosions since the formation of the Universe, associated with the death of massive stars or mergers of compact stellar objects. Several recent striking results strongly support the idea that host galaxies of GRBs are opening a new view on our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution, back to the very primordial universe at z ∼ 8. They form a unique sample of galaxies which cover a wide range of redshift, they are typically weak with low mass and unlike other methods they are not selected on luminosity. In recent years, thanks to the support of new generation instruments, multi‐band photometry and spectroscopy allow us to better investigate the properties of these host galaxies (e.g., stellar mass, age, SFR, metallicity), to study their possible evolution and to compare them with field galaxies and other classes of galaxies. GRB host spectroscopy is one of the main science drivers behind the X‐shooter spectrograph. In this paper, we present the first results of the program devoted to Italian‐French GTO multiband spectroscopy of GRB host galaxies with X‐shooter (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Time resolved spectroscopy of GRB 100418A and its host galaxy with X‐shooter
Authors: de Ugarte Postigo A. , Thöne C.C. , Goldoni P. , Fynbo J.P.U. , the X‐shooter GRB collaboration  
Published: March 2011

AbstractGRB 100418A was an intermediate duration GRB detected by Swift. It showed an initially dim optical afterglow that had a late increase in brightness, reaching its maximum several hours after the burst onset, unlike typical afterglows that peak tens of seconds after. It also displayed a bright X‐ray and radio counterpart. In this paper we present the observations of the afterglow obtained with X‐shooter. Three epochs were obtained, 0.4, 1.4, and 2.4 days after the burst. In these spectra, each covering the range from 3000 to 24800 Å, we detect abundant absorption features with 4 velocity components, and emission lines from the host galaxy with 2 additional velocity components. In one single velocity component, we detect a Fe II* 2396 Å fine structure feature which disappears from the first to the second epoch indicating that it is due to the effect of the GRB radiation on its environment. We consider it to be the closest absorption component to the GRB itself, for which we determine a redshift of z = 0.6239 ± 0.0002. From the Hα to [N II] ratio we determine a host galaxy metallicity of 0.5 solar (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Star‐forming galaxies observed with X‐shooter
Authors: Christensen L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn the last couple of decades hundreds of studies have explored the nature of star‐forming galaxies at different redshifts. This contribution focuses on X‐shooter observations of star‐burst galaxies at 0 < z < 6 from commissioning runs, science verification, and regular observations, and demonstrates the capability of the new instrument in this competitive field. Observations of gravitationally lensed galaxies show that X‐shooter has no limitation in the redshift desert (1.4 < z < 2) where the strong optical emission lines are shifted to the near‐IR region. Physical properties of galaxies, such as masses, metallicities, abundance ratios, and star formation rates can be derived from observations with relatively short integration times for faint galaxies. The simultaneous UV to near‐IR spectral coverage makes derivation of physical quantities more reliable because there are no differential slit losses as may occur when observations from different optical and near‐IR instruments are used. Over the entire redshift range, spectra of faint galaxies will allow us to better measure stellar ages and dominating ionisation sources compared to broad band spectral energy distribution measurements (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pancreatoduodenectomy as a source of human small intestine for Ussing chamber investigations and comparative studies with rat tissue
Authors: Haslam Iain S. , O'Reilly Derek A. , Sherlock David J. , Kauser Ambareen , Womack Chris , Coleman Tanya 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA clear understanding of oral drug absorption is an important aspect of the drug development process. The permeability of drug co mpounds across intact sections of small intestine from numerous species, including man, has often been investigated using modified Ussing chambers. The maintenance of viable, intact tissue is critical to the success of this technique. This study therefore aimed to assess the viability and integrity of tissue from patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy, for use in cross‐species Ussing chamber studies. Electrical parameters (potential difference, mV; short‐circuit current, µA.cm−2; resistance, Ω.cm2) were monitored over the duration of each experiment, as was the permeability of the paracellular marker atenolol. The permeability values (Papp; cm/s × 10−6) for a training‐set of compounds, displaying a broad range of physicochemical properties and known human fraction absorbed values, were determined in both rat and human jejunum, as well as Caco‐2 cell monolayers. The results indicate that human jejunum sourced from pancreatoduodenectomy remained viable and intact for the duration of experiments. Permeability values generated in rat and human jejunum correlate well (R2 = 0.86), however the relationship between permeability in human tissue and Caco‐2 cells was comparatively weak (R2 = 0.58). Relating permeability to known human fraction absorbed (hFabs) values results in a remarkably similar relationship to both rat and human jejunum Papp values.It can be concluded that human jejunum sourced from pancreatoduodenectomy is a suitable source of tissue for Ussing chamber permeability investigations. The relationship between permeability and hFabs is comparable to results reported using alternative test compounds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Was bedeutet “Entschuldigung”? Die Überlebenden medizinischer NS‐Verbrechen und die Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft
Authors: Sachse Carola 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Meaning of “Apology”: The Survivors of Nazi Medical Crimes and the Max Planck Society. Around the turn of the twenty‐first century a new practice in international politics became established: representatives of political, economic and religious organisations apologised for the historical and political crimes of their own collectives, addressing the victims or the victims' descendants. At a public event in Juni 2001, a formal apology of this kind was made by the president of the Max Planck Society (MPS), who had previously launched an extensive programme of research into the National Socialist history of what was then the Kaiser Wilhelm Society. The majority of the eight invited survivors of human experimentation in Nazi concentration camps refused forgiveness. Instead, they called for the MPS not to content itself with historical research and analysis, but to ensure the continued remembrance of the victims and their suffering. Starting from this 2001 ritual of repentance, the paper examines the participants' diverse views of how to deal with the medical crimes of National Socialism, and asks about possibilities of going beyond historical retrospection to fulfil the imperative of remembrance.
Chemometric analysis of metabolism disorders in blood plasma of S180 and H22 tumor‐bearing mice by high performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detection
Authors: Sun Xiaoming , Liu Yun , Di Duolong , Wu Guotai , Guo Hongyun 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to characterize metabolism disorders in Kunming mice induced by S180 and H22 tumor cells. Metabolic fingerprint based on high performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD) was developed to map the disturbed metabolic responses. In vivo testing of the antitumor activity of paclitaxel (Taxol) was carried out by inhibiting the growth of S180 and H22 tumor cells. Based on 27 common peaks, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) were used to distinguish the abnormal from control and to find significant endogenous compounds (SECs) which have significant contributions to classification. The tumor growth inhibition ratios (TIRs) of Taxol groups were used to validate the predictive accuracies of the PLS‐DA models. The predictive accuracies of PLS‐DA models for S180 and H22 tumor model groups were 97.6 and 100%, respectively. Nine (S180) and seven (H22) SECs were discovered, including uric acid and cytidine. In addition, the correlations between relative tumor weights (RTWs) and chromatographic data for the SECs were significant (p < 0.05). Investigations on the stability and precision of the established metabolic fingerprints demonstrate that the experiment is well controlled and reliable. This work shows that the platform of HPLC‐DAD coupled with chemometric methods provides a promising method for the study of metabolism disorders induced by tumor cells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.