bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microheterogeneity of Transmission Shapes Submicroscopic Malaria Carriage in Coastal Tanzania
Authors: Rapp Tyler , Amagai Kano , Sinai Cyrus , Basham Christopher , Loya Mwajabu , Ngasala Sifa , Said Hamza , Muller Meredith S , Chhetri Srijana B , Yang Guozheng , François Ruthly , Odas Melic , Mathias Derrick , Juliano Jonathan J , Lin Feng-Chang , Ngasala Billy , Lin Jessica T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Asymptomatic carriage of malaria parasites persists even as malaria transmission declines. Low-density infections are often submicroscopic, not detected with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) or microscopy but detectable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Methods
To characterize submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum carriage in an area of declining malaria transmission, asymptomatic persons &gt;5 years of age in rural Bagamoyo District, Tanzania, were screened using RDT, microscopy, and PCR. We investigated the size of the submicroscopic reservoir of infection across villages, determined factors associated with submicroscopic carriage, and assessed the natural history of submicroscopic malaria over 4 weeks.

Results
Among 6076 participants, P. falciparum prevalences by RDT, microscopy, and PCR were 9%, 9%, and 28%, respectively, with roughly two-thirds of PCR-positive individuals harboring submicroscopic infection. Adult status, female sex, dry season months, screened windows, and bed net use were associated with submicroscopic carriage. Among 15 villages encompassing 80% of participants, the proportion of submicroscopic carriers increased with decreasing village-level malaria prevalence. Over 4 weeks, 23% of submicroscopic carriers (61 of 266) became RDT positive, with half exhibiting symptoms, while half (133 of 266) were no longer parasitemic at the end of 4 weeks. Progression to RDT-positive patent malaria occurred more frequently in villages with higher malaria prevalence.

Conclusions
Microheterogeneity in transmission observed at the village level appears to affect both the size of the submicroscopic reservoir and the likelihood of submicroscopic carriers developing patent malaria in coastal Tanzania.
Are medical history data fit for risk stratification of patients with chest pain in emergency care? Comparing data collected from patients using computerized history taking with data documented by physicians in the electronic health record in the CLEOS-CPDS prospective cohort study
Authors: Brandberg Helge , Sundberg Carl Johan , Spaak Jonas , Koch Sabine , Kahan Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
In acute chest pain management, risk stratification tools, including medical history, are recommended. We compared the fraction of patients with sufficient clinical data obtained using computerized history taking software (CHT) versus physician-acquired medical history to calculate established risk scores and assessed the patient-by-patient agreement between these 2 ways of obtaining medical history information.

Materials and methods
This was a prospective cohort study of clinically stable patients aged ≥ 18 years presenting to the emergency department (ED) at Danderyd University Hospital (Stockholm, Sweden) in 2017-2019 with acute chest pain and non-diagnostic ECG and serum markers. Medical histories were self-reported using CHT on a tablet. Observations on discrete variables in the risk scores were extracted from electronic health records (EHR) and the CHT database. The patient-by-patient agreement was described by Cohen’s kappa statistics.

Results
Of the total 1000 patients included (mean age 55.3 ± 17.4 years; 46% women), HEART score, EDACS, and T-MACS could be calculated in 75%, 74%, and 83% by CHT and in 31%, 10%, and 25% by EHR, respectively. The agreement between CHT and EHR was slight to moderate (kappa 0.19-0.70) for chest pain characteristics and moderate to almost perfect (kappa 0.55-0.91) for risk factors.

Conclusions
CHT can acquire and document data for chest pain risk stratification in most ED patients using established risk scores, achieving this goal for a substantially larger number of patients, as compared to EHR data. The agreement between CHT and physician-acquired history taking is high for traditional risk factors and lower for chest pain characteristics.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03439449
The Discomfort of Things! Tidying-up and Decluttering in Consumers’ Homes
Authors: Gollnhofer Johanna F , Bhatnagar Kushagra , Manke Birte 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Most relatively affluent consumers are fighting a losing battle with material disorder in their homes. No matter how hard they try to rein it in, material disorder always comes out on top. We argue that part of the continued obduracy of material disorder is because of its messy understanding. We clarify material disorder’s muddled conceptual boundaries by theorizing from an ethnographic investigation of consumers who recently dealt with material disorder through decluttering their homes. Leveraging twin analytical lenses that we label the possessive materialist and post-materialist lenses, we surface two distinct yet inter-dependent forms of disorder (disorder-as-untidiness and disorder-as-clutteredness) that together plague consumers’ homes. We contribute a pluralized understanding of material disorder, that is, disorders not disorder. We also offer novel insight into agentic struggles between consumers and home possessions over material dis/orders.
Evaluation of insecticide residues against spotted lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae)
Authors: Nixon Laura J , Leskey Tracy C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Lycorma delicatula White (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), spotted lanternfly, is a univoltine, phloem-feeding, polyphagous and invasive insect in the United States. Although a primary host for this species is Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, tree of heaven, L. delicatula also feeds on many other plant species, including cultivated grapevines. As this species continues to spread, it is important to develop effective management tools. Here, we evaluated the residual efficacy of 4 insecticides commonly used in tree fruit management programs: dinotefuran, bifenthrin, carbaryl, and thiamethoxam. First, all mobile life stages (early instars, late instars, and adults) of L. delicatula were exposed for 1 h to dry insecticide residues (18 h old) applied to glass or A. altissima bark surfaces. While some mortality was detected immediately following the 1 h exposure period, 100% mortality occurred within 24 h for all materials and life stages exposed on both glass and bark surfaces. To evaluate longer residual activity of these materials, groups of adult L. delicatula were introduced into cages containing A. altissima trees treated with the same individual insecticides and exposed 6 h to residues that were 18 h or 7 days old. Paired, untreated A. altissima served as controls. In these bioassays, 48 h mortality for 18 h old residue reached 95% for thiamethoxam and 100% for bifenthrin and dinotefuran. Seven-day-old bifenthrin and dinotefuran residues again yielded 100% mortality, while thiamethoxam resulted in 58% mortality, and carbaryl yielded only 13.3% and was not significantly different from the control. These results clearly document the efficacy of specific insecticide applications as management tools against L. delicatula.
Sand Fly larvae are capable of positive chemotaxis: a proof of concept study using Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) as a model species
Authors: Tsikolia Maia , Tsafrakidou Panagiota , Gkektsian Arsen , Miaoulis Michael , Rowland Tobin E , Chaskopoulou Alexandra 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are important vectors of medical and veterinary importance, transmitting pathogens, such as the Leishmania parasites, responsible for 700,000 to 1 million new cases of leishmaniasis every year. The vast majority of the current sand fly surveillance and control tools are tailored against the adult stages, due to the limited knowledge on the ecology of the larval stages. Since vector control is primarily an ecological problem, an in-depth understanding of the behavior of the target insect pests across all the different life stages of their development is required prior to the development of effective control strategies. It is well known that chemical cues play an important role in insect behavior. While there are numerous studies investigating the behavior of adult sand flies in response to chemical sources, there is currently no information available on the response of their larval stages. In this study, novel bioassays were constructed to investigate the effect of chemical cues (gustatory and olfactory) on the behavior of Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) sand fly larvae. The larvae exhibited a clear food preference within a few hours of exposure in a 2-choice bioassay, while, also, demonstrated positive chemotaxis in response to volatile stimuli emitted from their preferred food source. Identification of the specific chemical compounds (or the combination thereof) eliciting attractance response to sand fly immature stages could lead to the development of innovative, and targeted (larval-specific) tools for the surveillance, and management of these important public health pests.
Interventions for insomnia in cancer patients and survivors—a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nissen Eva Rames , Neumann Henrike , Knutzen Sofie Møgelberg , Henriksen Emilie Nørholm , Amidi Ali , Johansen Christoffer , von Heymann Annika , Christiansen Peer , Zachariae Robert 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Considering the persistent nature and higher prevalence of insomnia in cancer patients and survivors compared with the general population, there is a need for effective management strategies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the available evidence for the efficacy of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for insomnia in adult cancer patients and survivors.

Methods
Following the PRISMA guidelines, we analyzed data from 61 randomized controlled trials involving 6528 participants. Interventions included pharmacological, physical, and psychological treatments, with a focus on insomnia severity and secondary sleep and non-sleep outcomes. Frequentist and Bayesian analytical strategies were employed for data synthesis and interpretation.

Results
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) emerged as the most efficacious intervention for reducing insomnia severity in cancer survivors and further demonstrated significant improvements in fatigue, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. CBT-I showed a large postintervention effect (g = 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.57 to 1.15) and a medium effect at follow-up (g = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.92). Other interventions such as bright white light therapy, sleep medication, melatonin, exercise, mind-body therapies, and mindfulness-based therapies showed benefits, but the evidence for their efficacy was less convincing compared with CBT-I. Brief Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia showed promise as a less burdensome alternative for patients in active cancer treatment.

Conclusions
CBT-I is supported as a first-line treatment for insomnia in cancer survivors, with significant benefits observed across sleep and non-sleep outcomes. The findings also highlight the potential of less intensive alternatives. The research contributes valuable insights for clinical practice and underscores the need for further exploration into the complexities of sleep disturbances in cancer patients and survivors.
E-cadherin expression and gene expression profiles in corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor subtypes
Authors: Kiseljak-Vassiliades Katja , Lipe Kristin , Turin Christie G , Fishbein Lauren , Costello James C , Kerr Janice M , Holmstoen Tessa B , Youssef A Samy , Lillehei Kevin O , Kleinschmidt-DeMasters Bette K , Wierman Margaret E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Corticotroph adenomas/pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Predictors of tumor behavior have not shown high prognostic accuracy. For somatotroph adenomas/PitNETs, E-cadherin expression correlates strongly with prognosis. E-cadherin expression has not been investigated in other PitNETs. A retrospective chart review of adults with corticotroph adenomas/PitNETs was conducted to assess correlation between E-cadherin expression and tumor characteristics. In addition, gene expression microarray was performed in subset of tumors (n = 16). Seventy-seven patients were identified; 71% were female, with median age of cohort 45.2 years. Seventy-five percent had macroadenomas, of which 22% were hormonally active. Ninety-five percent of microadenomas were hormonally active. Adrenocorticotropic hormone granulation pattern by IHC identified 63% as densely granulated (DG) and 34% as sparsely granulated (SG). All microadenomas were DG (p &lt; .001); 50% of macroadenomas were DG associated with increased tumor invasion compared to SG. E-cadherin IHC was positive in 80%, diminished in 17%, and absent in 20% and did not correlate with corticotroph PitNETs subtype, size, or prognosis. In contrast to the distinct transcriptomes of corticotroph PitNETs and normal pituitaries, a comparison of clinically active and silent corticotroph PitNETs demonstrated similar molecular signatures indicating their common origin, but with unique differences related to their secretory status.
A case of reverse amblyopia in a myopic anisometropic patient: an atypical presentation
Authors: AlTurki Hissah , Amir Amaar , AlShamlan Fatima , Emara Khalid , AlSahaf Esraa , Altaf Huda 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We herein report a case of a 4-year-old female patient who presented with anisometropic amblyopia with initial visual acuity recorded at 20/400 OD and 20/100 OS. The patient was recommended for patching. Eighteen months later, the patient presented with visual acuity of 20/60 OD and 20/80 and reverse amblyopia was noted. In settings of amblyopia, where alternate patching may be used, it is most likely that reverse amblyopia, if present, will affect the more myopic eye. However, unexpectedly, in this case, reverse amblyopia occurred in the less myopic eye. With discontinuation of occlusion therapy and continued use of optical correction, the patients reverse amblyopia resolved and the visual equity equalized. To our knowledge, this is the first case described in the literature demonstrating such an occurrence. Awareness of this rare presentation by clinicians is of great importance to aid in correctly diagnosing and treating such patients.
Immigrants’ negotiation of the homeland and the hostland: Transnational transformation of perception and usage of Korean hagwons
Authors: Baik Eun Se 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Focusing on Korean and Korean American usage of hagwons, popular private supplementary educational institutions native to Korea and transmitted to the USA, this article explores the transnational transformation of students’ and parents’ perception and experiences surrounding institutions transmitted from the migrant-sending society to the receiving society. While previous studies of immigrant-led ethnic institutions in the USA focus on these institutions as local institutions developed in the migrant-receiving society and operating in the receiving society contexts, immigrant-led institutions also include transnationally transmitted institutions originating from migrants’ ethnic homelands. Contextualizing immigrant-led ethnic institutions in a transnational framework, this study (1) traces how nonmigrant Koreans perceive and use hagwons in their origin society and (2) examines how (im)migrant Koreans negotiate homeland and hostland norms in navigating the transnationally transmitted institutions. In-depth interviews with nonmigrant and (im)migrant Korean students and parents in Seoul Metropolitan Area, Korea, and Greater Boston, the USA, reveal that immigrants integrate transnational and assimilative strategies in utilizing the transnationally transmitted institutions. Specifically, while deciding to use the tried-and-tested educational institutions transmitted from Korea to educate their second-generation children, immigrant Koreans utilize hagwons in ways that respond to the assimilative needs and constraints of the host society. While hagwons are uniquely Korean and Korean American institutions, their transnational transmission and transformation have implications for better understanding how immigrant experiences—in this case, education of immigrants and their children—are shaped at the intersection of the sending society and the receiving society influences.
Priority Competencies for Designated Education Officers in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Bidwell Duane R , Samuel Anita , Cervero Ronald M , Durning Steven J , Stephan Sherri L , Patel Erin L , Bowman Marjorie A , Meyer Holly S 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Designated Education Officers (DEOs) at Veteran Health Administration (VHA) hospitals are senior educational leaders tasked with oversight of all clinical training at a particular facility. They prioritize dozens of tasks and responsibilities each day, from educational policy and strategy to staff management, financial planning, onboarding of trainees, and facility planning and management. Clarifying priority competencies for the role can help executives recruit, appoint, and evaluate capable personnel and promote effective, efficient performance.

Materials and Methods
Using a federally developed method of competency analysis, researchers consulted a panel of subject-matter experts to identify priority competencies for DEOs, using data from a 2013 study that operationalizes competencies for more than 200 federal jobs.

Results
The research identified 25 primary competencies within 6 leadership domains. Five of the primary competencies cut across all leadership domains.

Conclusions
Veteran Health Administration subject-matter experts in educational leadership say the identified competencies are urgently needed, critical for effective leadership, and valuable for distinguishing superior DEO performance. The competencies are relevant to VHA and perhaps other senior academic leaders who develop health professions education programs, oversee clinical training, and manage educational change. In military training facilities, attending to these competencies can help Designated Institutional Officials responsible for graduate medical education become more credible partners to other hospital leaders and contribute to becoming a high reliability organization. Executives identifying, recruiting, and appointing VHA DEOs and Designated Institutional Officials at military training facilities should consider these competencies when assessing candidates.
Emerging Trends in the Prevalence of Military Medicine Interest Groups and Specialty Tracks at U.S. Medical Schools
Authors: Keating III Donald P , Unrath Megan A , Steffes Rachel M , Guenther Timothy M , Beutel Bryan G 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A challenge confronting health care is the national physician shortage, notably impacting the DoD’s recruitment of military physicians. To address this, the Health Professions Scholarship Program is annually awarded to medical students to facilitate their transition into the U.S. Armed Forces. There is a glaring absence of military medical education in civilian schools to accommodate the unique interests of these students. While medical schools have adapted with interest groups and specialty tracks, the current presence of military medicine interest groups (MMIGs) and military medicine specialty tracks (MMSTs) remains under-explored. This study aimed to (1) update the prevalence of MMIGs in U.S. medical institutions, (2) identify the presence of MMSTs, and (3) compare military medicine involvement between allopathic and osteopathic programs.

Methods
The study was approved for exempt status from the Kansas City University Institutional Review Board (study number 20,211,568-1). In a cross-sectional analysis, surveys were sent to 208 U.S. medical schools, with responses from student services or available public data from 200 institutions included in the final analysis. A secondary survey was sent to respondents who provided MMIG or MMST contacts.

Results
Results indicated that 62% (n = 124/200) of schools currently have an established MMIG, a modest growth from 56% (n = 70/125) in 2015 (p = .14). MMST prevalence, however, is minimal at 2.5% (5/200). Osteopathic institutions demonstrated a significantly greater engagement in military medicine education (88.7%) compared to allopathic schools (52.4%) (p &lt; .001).

Conclusion
This research underscores the need for comprehensive military medical training in medical schools to meet the interests and career aspirations of their students. Future studies should also evaluate the efficacy of MMIGs and MMSTs in preparing students for military medical roles.
Detection and characterization of icy cavities on the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Authors: Lamy Philippe , Faury Guillaume , Romeuf David , Groussin Olivier 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We report on the detection of three icy cavities on the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. They were identified on high-resolution anaglyphs built from images acquired by the Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System instrument aboard the Rosetta spacecraft on 2016 April 9 and 10. Visually, they appear as bright patches of typically 15 to 30 m across whose large reflectances and spectral slopes in the visible substantiate the presence of sub-surface water ice. Using a new high-resolution photogrammetric shape model, we determined the three-dimensional shape of these cavities whose depth ranges from 20 to 47 m. Spectral slopes were interpreted with models combining water ice and refractory dark material and the water ice abundances in the cavities were found to amount to a few per cent. The determination of the lifetime of the icy cavities was strongly biased by the availability of appropriate and favourable observations, but we found evidence of values of up to 2 yr. The icy cavities were found to be connected to jets well documented in past studies. A thermal model allowed us to track their solar insolation over a large part of the orbit of the comet and a transitory bright jet on 2015 July 18 was unambiguously linked to the brief illumination of the icy bottom of one of the cavities. These cavities are likely to be the first potential subsurface access points detected on a cometary nucleus and their lifetimes suggest that they reveal pristine sub-surface icy layers or pockets rather than recently recondensed water vapour.