bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract B10: Utilizing community-based participatory research and emerging technology to design a theory-based health education intervention on prostate cancer for African American men
Authors: August Euna M. , Dickerson Sean , Sultan Dawood , Green B. Lee , Roetzheim Richard , Rivers Brian M. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Introduction: Despite overall declines in incidence and mortality in prostate cancer, African American men continue to experience disproportionate rates. Multiple socio-cultural factors have been associated with this disparity, including attitudes and perceptions regarding the healthcare system, prostate cancer knowledge, and lifestyle and environmental factors. As community-based participatory research (CBPR) involves community members and recognizes multiple levels of influence on health, it has been shown to be effective in identifying the contextual influences of health issues and determining culturally relevant and linguistically appropriate, multi-level health strategies.
Methods: To facilitate the development of a theory-based prostate cancer intervention for African American men, lay health advisors (LHA) were recruited, trained, and equipped with iPads to serve as a conduit between researchers and the community. LHAs were involved in all study phases and were instrumental in engaging community members. Additionally, a community advisory board was utilized for quarterly review of the study protocol and implementation.
Results: The results were two-fold. First, community members were actively engaged in the study, which helped build trust with the host institution, while also enabling the LHAs with health-related knowledge, communication skills, and leadership experience. Secondly, a culturally and linguistically appropriate theory-based prostate cancer intervention using iPads was developed to provide accurate, relevant information to African American men in the community.
Conclusions: CBPR, in tandem with LHAs, is a valuable approach for engaging African American men at risk for prostate cancer. The involvement of community members aided in acceptance and sustainability of the intervention. Additionally, the utilization of emerging technology, iPads, supports the timely dissemination of standardized health messages within the community setting.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B10.
Abstract B108: Combining Notch immunostimulation and bortezomib with adoptive immunotherapy in breast cancer
Authors: Malhotra Anshu , Pellom Samuel Troy , Carbone David P. , Dikov Mikhail M. , Shanker Anil 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Breast cancer mortality occurs primarily due to invasive metastasis and takes a disproportionately heavy toll in African American women. Clinical immunotherapy efforts prove largely ineffective, partly due to the numerous immune-regulatory circuits influenced by cancers, which alter the differentiation and function of immune cells, including T cells. The long-term objective of this study is to enhance immune mechanisms of cancer rejection to provide durable clinical benefits against breast cancer. Our recent work using mouse models has revealed the therapeutic potential of combinatorial adoptive cell transfer regimens along with immunostimulatory and tumor cell-death-sensitizing treatments. We found that the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib selectively sensitized mammary tumor cells to apoptosis by amplifying caspase-8 activation in the death-inducing signaling complex. This resulted in reduced lung metastases in mice. In addition, bortezomib could be combined with adoptive T cell transfer with no adverse effects on the antigen-specific T cell proliferative or cytolytic functions in vivo. However, no long-term survival benefits could be observed, likely due to immunosuppressive effects of tumor. More recently, we observed that Delta-like ligand (DLL1)-specific immune Notch activation could enhance antitumor T cell immunity by overcoming tumor-associated immunosuppression. These data predict the potential of combining immunostimulatory Notch activation by soluble clustered DLL1 ligand treatment and bortezomib-induced sensitization of breast tumor cells to apoptosis with T cell adoptive transfers. This could prevent tumor metastasis and significantly improve breast cancer therapy.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B108.
Abstract B3: A novel participatory approach to increasing colon cancer screening in community health centers
Authors: James Aimee , Wang Jean , Massey Kristen , Colditz Graham 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Although colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates have been increasing, they are rising at a far slower pace in underserved populations such as the under- and un-insured. CRC remains the second leading cause of cancer death among US men and women. Under- and un-insured adults are the least likely to get screened, more likely to be diagnosed at later stages, and have poorer survival rates. While several evidence-based strategies for increasing screening exit, most interventions have moderate, if any, success and there is not strong evidence that these strategies can effectively translate to underserved settings. Our study uses community-based participatory approaches and draws from the dissemination and implementation literature to implement and evaluate system-level evidence-based strategies for increasing CRC screening in “safety-net” health centers. We present this cluster -randomized delayed-start trial as a novel design for cancer disparity research.
We are working with health centers to track uptake into the study (response rates) and including conducting assessments to evaluate organizational characteristics. In September 2011, we will hold workshops with intervention and control health centers to conduct participatory exercises in order to have health center representatives play an active role in selecting – and defining – the intervention strategies. These workshops will create the “Menu” of intervention strategies that will be tested in the trial. In the cluster randomized trial, set to begin in Winter 2012, intervention health centers will have access to the “Menu” and we will track not only effectiveness of change, but also which strategies were implemented and which will be sustained after the end of the trial.
We will present strategies for engaging health centers at multiple levels, strategies for working with communities and providers for developing interventions, and lessons learned during recruitment efforts. This study balances the need to engage communities and stakeholders in the development and implementation of disparity-reducing interventions and the need to conduct rigorous randomized research to obtain strong evidence. The measures in place to engage health centers at the start of the trial takes more time but helps us gauge the representativeness of the health center population and, we hope, increases external generalizability and potential for dissemination to other settings.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B3.
Abstract B74: Essential role of Skp2 in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Zhenbang 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in African American men. African American men died of PCa in a 2.39-fold higher rate as compared with Caucasian counterparts. For patients with the metastasis PCa, androgen-deprivation chemotherapy is commonly applied and results in an initial regression of PCa. However, the relapses of this malignance were reported in many cases, and eventually PCa patients still died of recurrent growth of Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC). Molecular mechanisms contributing to CRPC remain poorly understood. The purpose of this research is to define anticancer effects of Skp2 inactivation on the recurrence of CRPC using mouse models. In this experiment, Pten/p53 conditional double and Pten/p53/Skp2 conditional triple knockout mice were generated, and prostate tumorigenesis was evaluated and compared under the condition of castration and non-castration in mice. Here we report for the first time that Skp2 inactivation significantly inhibits the recurrence of CRPC in mice using Pten/p53 conditional mouse models. Loss of Skp2 significantly suppresses both the initiation and progression of prostate tumorigenesis in Pten/p53 mutant mice at 3 months of age and 6 months of age, respectively. Prostate tumors of Pten/p53/Skp2 triple mutant mice are significantly smaller as compared to that of age-matched Pten/p53 double mutant mice. Pathological analysis revealed that triple mutant mice develop less aggressive phenotype of prostate cancer than double mutant mice. Pten/p53 mice responded to surgery castration by decreasing the size of prostate tumors initially, but the recurrent growth of prostate cancer resulted in the death of all mice at 6 months of age. Most importantly, loss of Skp2 remarkably inhibits the recurrent growth of CRPC in Pten/p53 mutant mice. Three months post castration, prostate tumor weights of Pten/p53/Skp2 mutant mice were significantly decreased as compared to that of age-matched Pten/p53 mutant mice. Suppression on the recurrent growth of CRPC by Skp2 inactivation is contributed by induction of G2 cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence. Our findings suggest that drugs targeting on Skp2 function may be a novel and effective chemotherapy option to control CRPC in patients.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B74.
Abstract B86: HIV and HPV risk and prevention factors among Tongan and Chamorro young adults in Southern California: A qualitative assessment
Authors: DiStefano Anthony , Aromin Jay , Dimaculangan Jeany , Vunileva ‘Isileli , Tanjasiri Sora P. , Peters Ruth , Tui‘one Vanessa , Takahashi Lois , Sablan-Santos Lola , Quitugu Lourdes , Quenga Joey , Hui Brian , Barrera-Ng Angelica 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Racial/ethnic minority and medically underserved populations are at significant risk of the intersection of HIV/AIDS, HPV, and cancer. Little is known about the intersection of these public health issues in Pacific Islander communities.
Purpose: Establishing the ground work for understanding the intersection of these diseases, we assessed HIV and HPV risk and prevention factors among Chamorro and Tongan young adults in Southern California.
Methods: Under guidelines of CBPR, a qualitative study was implemented utilizing community based focus groups with male and female young adults, and parents (n=69); and key informant interviews with medical, mental health, and social service providers, and community leaders from social, youth, and faith-based groups (n=26).
Results: Utilizing grounded theory, common factors impacting HIV-HPV risk and prevention among young adults were identified: 1) religio-cultural taboos limit communication about sexual health between generations and from community leaders; 2) limited knowledge of HIV and particularly HPV engender misperceptions about disease transmission and prevention; 3) sexual abstinence, especially for young women, is promoted by parents and religious leaders; however, 4) the norm of expected abstinence leads to low levels of condom acceptance; and 5) collectivist notions of filial shame associated with HIV-HPV testing and utilization of other sexual health services, constrains prevention.
Discussion: Quantitative exploration of the relationship between factors identified and behavior, as well as research to identify HIV/HPV links to cancer in these communities is needed. Future consideration must include multigenerational, gender appropriate and cultural norms –especially related to religion and the interplay between individualism and collectivism.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B86.
Abstract B87: The effect of imaging on clinical management of breast pain
Authors: Howard Mary Beth , Battaglia Tracy A. , Freund Karen M. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Breast pain is a common complaint to both primary care and breast specialists. Current literature recommends imaging for women with breast pain to provide reassurance of benign etiology. The current study sought to determine if imaging is a valuable tool in providing reassurance for women with breast pain, through measuring the association between initial imaging in the evaluation of women with breast pain and subsequent clinical services utilization
From 2006–2009, 916 women were referred to an urban, Safety Net, diagnostic breast health practice for breast pain. We compared the subsequent clinical utilization of women who had imaging ordered at their initial visit to women who did not have imaging ordered. Clinical utilization was defined as the number of follow-up visits, diagnostic imaging studies, and biopsies completed within the 12 months following the initial provider visit. The study population was stratified based on the presence or absence of clinical breast exam findings.
Sixty-percent of women referred for breast pain were age 40 or younger, 87% were from racial/ethnic minority groups, 45% were non-English speaking, and 73% had public or no health insurance. Twenty five percent of women had imaging ordered at initial provider visit for breast pain. Minority and non-English speaking women were less likely to receive initial imaging. Of those who received initial imaging, 75% had radiographic findings which required no additional follow-up, yet 98% returned for additional evaluation. In adjusted analyses, women with imaging ordered at initial provider visit had increased clinical services utilization (OR 25.4, 95% CI: 16.7, 38.6). When the study population was stratified by clinical breast exam results, the risk-adjusted association between initial imaging and subsequent clinical services utilization remained. Women with normal clinical breast exams who received initial imaging exhibited increased odds for subsequent clinical services utilization (OR 23.8, 95% CI: 12.9, 44.0) than women who did not initial imaging. Six cancers were diagnosed in the study population; yet imaging in the absence of clinical breast exam abnormalities did not result in any cancer identification.
Initial imaging for women with breast pain increased the odds of subsequent clinical utilization and did not increase diagnostic certainty in ruling out malignancy.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B87.
Abstract ED04-04: Perspectives on the production of race and cancer disparities
Authors: McMullin Juliet 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Scholars of social medicine have long called for a recognition of politics, history and economics in our understanding of disease occurrence among individuals and groups. And yet, larger social discussions of disease are often infused with categories such as race/ethnicity and culture that are used to explain cancer rates in lieu of the social conditions that play a greater role in unequal cancer burdens. Drawing on multidisciplinary collaborative cancer prevention and screening efforts with community groups, this paper will discuss how cultural anthropology's attention to social context and cultural meaning systems in the cancer continuum can reveal processes that lead to production of race and subsequently obscure the role of social inequalities in the production of cancer disparities.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):ED04-04.
Abstract PL02-01: Global disparities and prevention strategies in liver cancer
Authors: Groopman John 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world, including Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where there are upwards of 1,000,000 new cases each year and over 370,000 deaths annually in the People's Republic of China (P.R.C.) alone. The major etiological factors associated with development of HCC in these regions are infection with hepatitis B (HBV) and/or hepatitis C (HCV) virus and lifetime exposure to high levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the diet. Detailed knowledge of the etiology of HCC has spurred many mechanistic studies to understand the pathogenesis of this often fatal disease and this knowledge is critical for translation to preventive interventions in high risk populations. HBV is a significant risk factor for HCC in the economically developing world where there are over 500 million viral carriers. The contribution of HBV to the pathogenesis of liver cancer is multifactorial and is further complicated by the identification of mutant variants in HBV that alter the carcinogenic process. The HBV genome encodes its essential genes with overlapping open-reading frames; therefore, a mutation in the HBV genome can alter the expression of multiple proteins. In many cases of HCC in Asia and Africa, a double mutation in the HBV genome, an adenine to thymine transversion at nucleotide 1762 and a guanine to adenine transition at nucleotide 1764 (1762T/1764A), has been found in tumors.
The molecular basis for the formation of these nucleotide changes and their temporal appearance during the course of HBV infection is unclear. Thus, whether these mutational changes can be acquired and transmitted from person to person is unknown. Nonetheless, this segment of the HBV genome contains an overlapping sequence for the base core promoter and the HBV X gene; therefore, the double mutation in codon 130 and 131 of the HBV X protein reported in human HCC corresponds to the 1762 and 1764 nucleotide changes. Thus, the linkage of this alteration with disease outcomes makes it a candidate biomarker for the early detection of HCC risk in individuals. Financial support for this work was provided by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences through Grants P01 ES006052 and P30 ES003819.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):PL02-01.
Abstract PL06-03: Effect of patient navigation on time from definitive diagnosis to initiation of treatment (T2) for breast, prostate, colorectal, and cervical cancers
Authors: Patierno Steven , Raich Peter C. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background: Barriers to timely initiation of treatment in newly diagnosed cancer patients may add to cancer health disparities of low income, uninsured and minority populations.
Objectives: To conduct a clinical trial to evaluate the impact of patient navigation on the time from cancer diagnosis to initiation of the first treatment in a medically underserved patient population.
Methods: Nine sites participated in the National Cancer Institute Patient Navigation Research Program (PNRP) study. 2,107 cancer patients enrolled in the study, 1,033 in the navigated and 1,074 in the control groups. Analysis was on the individual patient level, due to site population heterogeneity.
Results: Demographics included 39% Black, 32% White, and 27% Hispanic; 85% female, 15% male. Insurance status included 17% uninsured, 45% public, and 38% private. The navigated and control groups were well balanced for major covariates. Mean and median times from diagnosis to first treatment were not impacted by patient navigation. Treatment patterns did differ in that more mastectomies were performed in the control vs. navigated breast cancer patients (32 vs. 21%), while more cone biopsies (23 vs. 15%) and fewer LEEP procedures (49 vs. 65%) were performed in the control vs. navigated cervix cancer patients.
Implications: Patient navigation did not impact the time from cancer diagnosis to start of first treatment in a medically underserved population, while it may have impacted certain patterns of care.
Next Steps: We plan further analyses by site and cancer type, assess covariate effects, perform a sensitivity analysis, and assess patient-navigator interactions.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):PL06-03.
Abstract PL07-01: Linkage disequilibrium-based analysis of DNA repair and GST genes in malignant gliomas: A unique tool in defining the association between genetic diversity and survival
Authors: Ali-Osman Francis , Owzar Kouros , Lipp Eric , Adams Bart , Illyasova Dora , McClendon Roger , Reardon David , Friedman Alan , Friedman Henry , Bigner Darrel 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Inherited genetics are increasingly being identified as a significant factor that contributes to both treatment outcome and treatment-associated toxicities in cancer patients undergoing therapy. The specific SNPs and genes involved are, however, still poorly understood. In this study, we exploited the unique advantages of a linkage disequilibrium-based approach to examine the relationship between genetic diversity in regions of DNA repair and GST genes with survival in adults with anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme treated on temozolomide and carmustine-based protocols. We genotyped a subset of 1,267 tagging SNPs within or near haplotype blocks of 27 genes in 301 patients. The SNPs were selected to be in high LD with and, thus, to be predictive of the diversity of the target region containing the gene and 20 kb flanking 3′ and 5′ of it. Genotyping was conducted on a high-throughput customized Affymetrix platform. Associations between genotypes and survival was performed using the Fisher's exact test, after testing for Hardy-Weinberg conformity and gender mismatches. The results identified several tSNPs in and around the loci of 11 genes (EXO1, DDB2, LIG1, MGMT, MSH2, MSH4, PAN3, RAD52, TDG, XRCC1, and XRCC5) to be highly associated with survival. Several other SNPs showing a statistical tendency to be associative. Although, a number of SNPs/genes was associated with survival in both anaplastic astrocytoma and GBM, a subset of genes and SNPs were associative in GBMs but not in AAs and vice versa. We then examined 28 SNPs in all eight members of the GST family (A1, M1, M3, P1, O1, S1, T and Z) allowing the identification of seven specific SNPs that were highly associated with treatment outcome/survival. The identification of highly polymorphic regions associated with the loci of DNA repair and GST genes as determinants of alkylating agent-based therapy in malignant gliomas is consistent with the established role of enhanced DNA repair and drug metabolism in tumor resistance to these agents. Ongoing studies are directed at these associative SNPs to gain insight into the biology underlying their association with treatment outcome.
Supported by grants RO1 CA 153050, RO1 CA127872, RO1 CA 112519 and P30-CA114236 from the NIH, USA.
Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):PL07-01.