bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daptomycin Therapy for Osteomyelitis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Gallagher Jason C , Huntington Jennifer A , Culshaw Darren , McConnell Scott A , Yoon Minjung , Berbari Elie 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
Daptomycin is a rapidly bactericidal agent with broad coverage against Gram-positive organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, the most frequent cause of osteomyelitis. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical outcome of patients with non-hardware associated osteomyelitis, and the safety profile of daptomycin in the treatment of these infections.

Methods
All patients with osteomyelitis, excluding concurrent orthopedic foreign body infections, treated with daptomycin and identified between 2007–2008 in a retrospective, multicenter, observational registry, were included. Investigators assessed patient outcome (cured, improved, failed, non-evaluable) at the end of daptomycin therapy. Patients with a successful outcome at the end of daptomycin therapy were reassessed in 2009. All patients were included in the safety analysis; evaluable patients were included in the efficacy analysis. Data was assessed using descriptive statistics. A Kaplan Meier analysis was used to assess time to clinical failure.

Results
Two-hundred and nine osteomyelitis patients successfully completed daptomycin therapy in 2007–2008, 71 of which (34%) had a follow-up visit in 2009 and had an evaluable clinical outcome. The median (min, max) daptomycin dose and duration were 6 mg/kg (4, 10) and 42 days (1, 88), respectively. Of the 52 patients with a documented pathogen, S. aureus was the most common (42%); primarily methicillin-resistant S. aureus. All patients were included in the safety analysis; evaluable patients were included in the efficacy analysis. Clinical resolution was reported in 94% (CI - 86.2%, 98.44%) of patients. A Kaplan Meier analysis of time to clinical failure showed that approximately 85% (CI – 64%, 95%) of patients had a continued successful outcome at the time of re-evaluation. Eighteen patients (25%) in the safety population experienced an adverse event; 13 patients (18%) had an adverse event that was possibly-related to daptomycin treatment.

Conclusions
Daptomycin appears to be an effective therapeutic choice with an acceptable safety profile in the management of osteomyelitis that does not involve hardware.
Simultaneous utilization of glucose, xylose and arabinose in the presence of acetate by a consortium of Escherichia coli strains
Authors: Xia Tian , Eiteman Mark A , Altman Elliot 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe efficient microbial utilization of lignocellulosic hydrolysates has remained challenging because this material is composed of multiple sugars and also contains growth inhibitors such as acetic acid (acetate). Using an engineered consortium of strains derived fromEscherichia coliC and a synthetic medium containing acetate, glucose, xylose and arabinose, we report on both the microbial removal of acetate and the subsequentsimultaneousutilization of the sugars.ResultsIn a first stage, a strain unable to utilize glucose, xylose and arabinose (ALS1392, strainE. coliCptsG manZ glk crr xylA araA) removed 3 g/L acetate within 30 hours. In a subsequent second stage, threeE. colistrains (ALS1370, ALS1371, ALS1391), which are each engineered to utilize only one sugar, together simultaneously utilized glucose, xylose and arabinose. The effect of non-metabolizable sugars on the metabolism of the target sugar was minimal. Additionally the deletions necessary to prevent the consumption of one sugar only minimally affected the consumption of a desired sugar. For example, thecrrdeletion necessary to prevent glucose consumption reduced xylose and arabinose utilization by less than 15% compared to the wild-type. Similarly, thearaAdeletion used to exclude arabinose consumption did not affect xylose- and glucose-consumption.ConclusionsDespite the modest reduction in the overall rate of sugar consumption due to the various deletions that were required to generate the consortium of strains, the approach constitutes a significant improvement in any single-organism approach to utilize sugars found in lignocellulosic hydrolysate in the presence of acetate.
Clinically Used Breast Cancer Markers Such As Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Are Unstable Throughout Tumor Progression
Authors: Lindström Linda Sofie , Karlsson Eva , Wilking Ulla M. , Johansson Ulla , Hartman Johan , Lidbrink Elisabet Kerstin , Hatschek Thomas , Skoog Lambert , Bergh Jonas 
Published: June 2012

Purpose To investigate whether hormonal receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) change throughout tumor progression, because this may alter patient management. Patients and Methods The study cohort included female patients with breast cancer in the Stockholm health care region who relapsed from January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2007. Either biochemical or immunohistochemical (IHC)/immunocytochemical (ICC) methods were used to determine estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 status, which was then confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization for IHC/ICC 2+ and 3+ status. Results ER (459 patients), PR (430 patients), and HER2 (104 patients) from both primary tumor and relapse were assessed, revealing a change in 32.4% (McNemar's test P < .001), 40.7% (P < .001), and 14.5% (P = .44) of patients, respectively. Assessment of ER (119 patients), PR (116 patients), and HER2 (32 patients) with multiple (from two to six) consecutive relapses showed an alteration in 33.6%, 32.0%, and 15.7% of patients, respectively. A statistically significant differential overall survival related to intraindividual ER and PR status in primary tumor and relapse (log-rank P < .001) was noted. In addition, women with ER-positive primary tumors that changed to ER-negative tumors had a significant 48% increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.05) compared with women with stable ER-positive tumors. Conclusion Patients with breast cancer experience altered hormone receptor and HER2 status throughout tumor progression, possibly influenced by adjuvant therapies, which significantly influences survival. Hence, marker investigations at relapse may potentially improve patient management and survival.
Preparation and Reaction of Titania Particles Encapsulated in Hollow Silica Shells as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Stereoselective Synthesis of Pipecolinic Acid
Authors: Chandren Sheela , Ohtani Bunsho 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Hollow core–shell particles of titania core and silica shell were synthesized by multistep process, and the core–shell particles showed improved stereoselectivity in the photocatalytic redox-combined synthesis of l-pipecolinic acid from l-lysine in an aqueous suspension without reducing the original activity of the bare titania core.
Arrangement and Dispersion of Rh and Pt Atoms on Graphene Oxide Sheets
Authors: Gotoh Kazuma , Hashimoto Hideki , Kawai Ryo , Nishina Yuta , Fujii Eiji , Ohkubo Takahiro , Itadani Atsushi , Kuroda Yasushige , Ishida Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Hybrid materials of ultimately minimized metal particles, namely, isolated atoms or subnano-sized particles, on thermally exfoliated graphene oxide sheets were produced using cation-exchanged highly oxidized graphite as a precursor. Rh atoms on graphene sheets arrange with a regular spacing of 0.50 or 0.45 nm and form square or rectangular grid patterns, whereas isolated Pt atoms disperse on graphene sheets randomly.
Endothelial senescence and microRNA
Authors: Yamakuchi Munekazu 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCellular senescence occurs when cells lose the ability to divide and proliferate. Endothelial cell senescence is associated with vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. In this review, I discuss the factors affecting endothelial cell senescence. Then I describe the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in endothelial cell senescence. Understanding miRNA pathways in endothelial senescence may lead to new treatments for endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
Formations of finite monoids and formal languages: Eilenberg's
variety theorem revisited
Authors: Ballester-Bolinches Adolfo , Pin Jean-Éric , Soler-Escrivà Xaro 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We present an extension of Eilenberg's variety theorem, a well-known
result connecting algebra to formal languages. We prove that there is
a bijective correspondence between formations of finite monoids and
certain classes of languages, the formations of languages. Our result
permits to treat classes of finite monoids which are not necessarily
closed under taking submonoids, contrary to the original theory. We
also prove a similar result for ordered monoids.
A Narrow-band 8.7 GHz SiGe HBT LNA with a Passive Frequency Selective Feedback
Authors: Gerlich Stefan , Weger Peter 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper presents a low noise amplifier (LNA) with differential output using a passive frequency selective feedback. The introduced feedback stabilizes the amplifier at lower frequencies and improves the gain in the desired frequency band. The LNA consists of two stages. Additionally, a buffer at the output is added for measurements. The amplifier was implemented in a 0.35 μm SiGe technology. For measurements the LNA was bonded to a substrate. A peak gain of 28.1 dB and a minimum noise figure of 2.2 dB at a supply voltage of 3 V were achieved.
Extra-optimal methods for solving ill-posed problems
Authors: Leonov Alexander S. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract.
The problem of a posteriori accuracy estimation for
approximate solutions of ill-posed extremal problem is under
investigation. We present a new approach to a posteriori
estimation along with the study of principal properties of the
used estimator. The numerical algorithm for the solution of
central extremal problem of a posteriori accuracy estimation is
formulated as well. We analyze the optimality in order of obtained
a posteriori accuracy estimates and introduce a new important notion
of extra-optimal regularizing algorithm as a method for the
solution of ill-posed problems having optimal in order a
posteriori accuracy estimate. Finally, we demonstrate the results
of numerical experiments on applications of extra-optimal
regularizing methods, constructed on the base of Tikhonov and
Lavrent'ev regularization, for calculating a posteriori accuracy
estimates.
Neonatal outcome in infants of patients with radical vaginal trachelectomy
Authors: Mangler Mandy , Speiser Dorothee , Nguyen Bich Doan , Cremer Malte , Koehler Christhardt , Schneider Achim , Lanowska Malgorzata 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Objective: Radical vaginal trachelectomy (RVT) as a fertility-preserving surgery in patients with early-stage cervical cancer is proven to be oncologically safe. After RVT, pregnancy rates vary between 40% and 80%. Outcome of infants is complicated by a preterm delivery rate of 30–50%. We investigated pregnancy and neonatal outcome after RVT.

Methods: A total of 154 patients with cervical cancer underwent RVT between March 1995 and February 2008. Desire to conceive, pregnancy data, and neonatal outcome were prospectively recorded. Infants’ data were pair-matched to data of a control group according to weeks of gestation. Bayley scales of infant development scores were recorded in the group of preterm-delivered infants.

Results: Fifty-five women who underwent RVT gave birth to 58 children. Twenty-five (43%) pregnancies were complicated by preterm rupture of membranes. Thirty infants (52%) were born preterm, of with 17 (29%) were <32 gestational weeks (GW) and seven (12%) were <28 GW. There were significantly more premature rupture of membranes in pregnancies after RVT. Despite a higher occurrence of postnatal infections in newborns of mothers who underwent RVT, long-term outcomes are not affected negatively. Regarding overall morbidity, a trend to fewer postnatal complications, compared with the control group, was found.

Conclusion: Postnatal morbidity in infants of women who underwent RVT, based on trend, is decreased compared with controls. Intense medical observation and treatment during pregnancy, birth, and neonatal period may explain this finding. Neonates in the RVT group have a non-significantly elevated risk for postnatal infections. They do not show an additional risk due to the maternal operation. Their long-term postnatal outcome is not affected negatively.
Low placental weight and risk for fetal distress at birth
Authors: Husslein Heinrich , Moswitzer Bettina , Leipold Heinz , Moertl Manfred , Worda Christof 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess whether low placental weight is associated with higher risk of emergency delivery (cesarean section and vacuum-assisted delivery).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study, including 657 normally developed term pregnancies. A strict methodology was used to provide reliable and reproducible placental weight measurement. Fetal heart rate patterns were analyzed according to the guidelines of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Linear and logistic multiple regression analyses were used to assess risk factors for emergency delivery.

Results: Nulliparity, placental weight <10th percentile, and delivery after 40 weeks of gestation remain significantly associated with higher risk of emergency delivery for non-reassuring fetal status in the multivariable model [odds ratio (OR) 5.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.85–9.22, P<0.001; OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.49–4.06, P<0.001; OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.26–4.51, P=0.01, respectively]. In the group of women who had an emergency delivery, 17.3% had a placental weight <10th percentile, which was significantly different to the group of women who delivered normally (9.4%, P≤0.04). If only emergency cesarean sections were analyzed, the percentage of women with placental weight <10th percentile was 37.5% in the cesarean section group compared to 9.8% in women who delivered normally (P≤0.001).

Conclusion: This study suggests that, in clinically normally developed term pregnancies, placental weight <10th percentile is associated with an increased risk for emergency delivery during labor. These results warrant further prospective studies for potential use in clinical practice.
Optical Yagi-Uda nanoantennas
Authors: Maksymov Ivan S. , Staude Isabelle , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. , Kivshar Yuri S. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Conventional antennas, which are widely employed to transmit radio and TV signals, can be used at optical frequencies as long as they are shrunk to nanometer-size dimensions. Optical nanoantennas made of metallic or high-permittivity dielectric nanoparticles allow for enhancing and manipulating light on the scale much smaller than wavelength of light. Based on this ability, optical nanoantennas offer unique opportunities regarding key applications such as optical communications, photovoltaics, nonclassical light emission, and sensing. From a multitude of suggested nanoantenna concepts the Yagi-Uda nanoantenna, an optical analogue of the well-established radio-frequency Yagi-Uda antenna, stands out by its efficient unidirectional light emission and enhancement. Following a brief introduction to the emerging field of optical nanoantennas, here we review recent theoretical and experimental activities on optical Yagi-Uda nanoantennas, including their design, fabrication, and applications. We also discuss several extensions of the conventional Yagi-Uda antenna design for broadband and tunable operation, for applications in nanophotonic circuits and photovoltaic devices.
Magnetotransport in mesoscopic rings and cylinders: effects of electron-electron interaction and spin-orbit coupling
Authors: Maiti Santanu K. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe undertake an in-depth analysis of the magnetotransport properties in mesoscopic single-channel rings and multichannel cylinders within a tight-binding (TB) formalism. The main focus of this review is to illustrate how the long-standing anomalies between the calculated and measured current amplitudes carried by a small conducting ring upon the application of a magnetic flux ϕcan be removed. We discuss two different cases. First, we examine the combined effect of second-neighbor hopping integral and Hubbard correlation on the enhancement of persistent current in the presence of disorder. A significant change in current amplitude is observed compared to the traditional nearest-neighbor hopping model, and the current amplitude becomes quite comparable to experimental realizations. In the other case, we verify that in the presence of spin-orbit interaction, a considerable enhancement of persistent current amplitude takes place, and the current amplitude in a disordered ring becomes almost comparable to that of an ordered one. In addition to these, we also present the detailed band structures and some other related issues to get a complete picture of the phenomena at the microscopic level.
Sprache und Geschlecht im universitären Diskurs
Authors: Schleef Erik 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBased on a qualitative, discourse-analytic and a quantitative, sociolinguistic analysis, this article investigates four sets of linguistic features and their occurrence in recordings of 36 lectures and interactional classes collected at a university in Germany. It examines how structural markers, questions, question tags, and turn-initial response tokens contribute to variations of style in response to academic division, speech mode, communicative role in academic discourse and gender. Of these four factors, the latter appears to be the least influential in the use of the structures investigated, due to, as is argued, global discourse restrictions in academic speech. Qualitative analysis shows that global restrictions can be overridden locally as certain discourse contexts are amenable to the appearance of features that contribute to more interactional and cooperative speech styles, frequently linked to females. The article concludes that a foundational understanding of relevant discourse genres and their constraints and a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods can make an important contribution to a better understanding of the dynamics of language and gender.
Ereigniskorrelierte Potenziale (EKPs)
Authors: Drenhaus Heiner , beim Graben Peter 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this article we give a short introduction to the online method of event-related (brain) potentials (ERPs) and their importance for our understanding of language structure and grammar. This methodology places high demands on (technical) requirements for laboratory equipment as well as on the skills of the investigator. However, the high costs are relatively balanced compared to the advantages of this experimental method. By using ERPs, it becomes possible to monitor the electrophysiological brain activity associated with speech processing in real time (millisecond by millisecond) and to draw conclusions on human language processing and the human parser.First, we present briefly how this method works and how ERPs can be classified (Section 1 and 2). In the following, we show that the ERP method can be used to study the processing of e. g. semantic, pragmatic and syntactic information (Section 3). Crucial for our discussion will be the interpretation of the so-called ERP components and their connection and importance for psycholinguistics and theoretical linguistics. In our presentation, we emphasize, that the electrophysiological brain activity in relation to specific (e. g. linguistic) stimuli can be used to identify distinct processes, which give a deeper insight into the different processing steps of language. At the end of this article (Section 4), we present some results from ERP studies of German negative-polar elements. Additionally, we highlight the advantage and benefits of an alternative method to analyze ERP data compared to the more ‘classical’ average technique.
Optimization of Biodiesel Production by Response Surface Methodology and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Singhal Richa , Seth Prateek , Bangwal Dinesh , Kaul Savita 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The biodiesel production from alkali-catalyzed transesterification of karanja oil was investigated. In this study, the effect of three parameters, i.e., reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, and molar ratio of methanol to oil on biodiesel yield was studied. Central composite design (CCD) along with response surface methodology (RSM) was used for designing experiments and estimating the quadratic response surface. Catalyst concentration was found to have a negative effect on biodiesel yield, whereas molar ratio showed positive effect. Temperature and molar ratio showed significant interaction effect. The reaction conditions were optimized for maximum response, i.e., biodiesel yield from RSM. The program for the RSM model, coupled with genetic algorithm (GA), was developed for predicting the optimized process parameters for maximum biodiesel yield to obtain a global optimal solution. The results were found to be similar from both of the methods.
Easy Ambient Sonic-Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: An Alternative Method to Quantify Organic Impurities in Biodiesel
Authors: Alberici Rosana M. , de Souza Vanderlea , Gonçalves Lenise V. , Cunha Valnei S. , Eberlin Marcos N. , Daroda Romeu J. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In recent years, biodiesel has gained considerable attention because of the increasing concern for the environmental problems associated with the use of fossil fuels. The determination of fuel quality is an issue of great importance to the successful commercialization of biodiesel. According to ASTM and EN standards, the analysis of free and total glycerin, contaminants that can lead to serious engine problems, must be carried out by GC analysis. This work presents an alternative method for identifying and quantifying these major contaminants in biodiesel. EASI(+)-MS has shown to function as a fast and secure method, with little or no sample preparation and no pre-separation.