bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive proliferation of endothelial cells and pericytes associated with arteriovenous malformation
Authors: YASUDA Masahito , OKADA Etsuko , NAGAI Yayoi , TAMURA Atsushi , ISHIKAWA Osamu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractArteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a structural vascular abnormality with no proliferation of cellular components. We report on a 53‐year‐old man who presented with a 15‐year history of a progressively enlarging nodule on his lower lip. A dark‐reddish, easy‐bleeding nodule diagnosed as AVM was resected to reduce the volume and troublesome bleeding. Histologically, the nodule revealed that the proliferating cellular area was composed of endothelial cells and pericytes in addition to the area of dilated vessels. We speculated that the cell proliferation developed secondary to AVM. We also discuss the histological differential diagnosis of spindle cell hemangioma and pseudo‐Kaposi’s sarcoma.
Linear arrangement of hypopigmented Spitz nevi on the ear after trauma
Authors: WANG Lei , WANG Gang , FAN Pingshen , GAO Tianwen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA 10‐year‐old boy had multiple papules after surgery on a primary lesion on his left ear. The papules were pink and showed a linear arrangement around the helix. Histopathological examination of two separate lesions showed proliferation of epithelioid cells in the dermis and some of them formed nests. No melanin was found in the epithelioid cells, and immunohistochemistry staining with S100, HMB45 and Melan‐A were positive in the neoplasm cells. According to the clinical and histopathological characteristics, it was diagnosed as hypopigmented Spitz nevi with linear arrangement after trauma.
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia affecting the scrotum: A rare case report with molecular evidence of T‐cell clonality
Authors: CHEN Jeng‐Feng , GAO Hong‐Wei , WU Bai‐Yao , TSAI Wen‐Chiuan , CHIANG Chien‐Ping 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAngiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is a rare, benign entity of unknown pathogenesis. It often presents as painful or pruritic intradermal or subcutaneous red to brown papules or nodules on the head and neck of young adults. A 38‐year‐old man had a gradually enlarging and mild pruritic plaque on the scrotum for half a year. Pathological findings showed dermal proliferation of anomalous blood vessels lined by plump endothelium with a significant perivascular inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes, histiocytes, scattered plasma cells and many eosinophils. They were consistent with the diagnosis of ALHE. In addition, the inflammatory infiltrate was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and T‐cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement. They were mostly CD3+ T cells and a monoclonal T‐cell population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of ALHE affecting the scrotum to be reported in the published work. We present this case to expand the anatomical distribution of this rare tumor. The molecular study of our case supports that ALHE might be a low‐grade T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder.
Collagen‐derived dipeptide, proline‐hydroxyproline, stimulates cell proliferation and hyaluronic acid synthesis in cultured human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: OHARA Hiroki , ICHIKAWA Satomi , MATSUMOTO Hitoshi , AKIYAMA Minoru , FUJIMOTO Norihiro , KOBAYASHI Takashi , TAJIMA Shingo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOrally ingested collagen undergoes degradation to small di‐ or tripeptides, which are detected in circulating blood 2 h after ingestion. The influence of collagen‐derived peptides on dermal extracellular matrix components and cell proliferation was studied using cultured human dermal fibroblasts. Of the various collagenous peptides tested here, the dipeptide proline‐hydroxyproline (Pro‐Hyp) enhanced cell proliferation (1.5‐fold) and hyaluronic acid synthesis (3.8‐fold) at a dose of 200 nmol/mL. This was concomitant with a 2.3‐fold elevation of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) mRNA levels. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐mediated knockdown of the HAS2 gene in human dermal fibroblasts inhibited Pro‐Hyp‐induced HAS2 mRNA transcription and cell mitotic activity. Addition of genistein or H7, a protein kinase inhibitor, abolished the Pro‐Hyp‐induced HAS2 mRNA stimulation. Pro‐Hyp elevated phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) within a short time period (60 min). These results suggest that Pro‐Hyp stimulates both cell mitotic activity and hyaluronic acid synthesis, which is mediated by activation of HAS2 transcription.
Influence of patient factors on the efficacy of breathing system filters at preventing contamination of breathing systems*
Authors: Dugani S. , Kumar A. , Wilkes A. R. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryWe measured the level of contamination in 207 breathing system filters of five different models. The median (IQR [range]) levels of contamination measured in relative light units on the machine side of the filters were: HMEF 750/S 27 (16–56 [4–13 615]); Ultipor BB25 26 (13–40 [9–66]); Humid‐vent filter pedi 19 (15–34 [11–48]); Hygroboy 11 (7–19 [3–113]); and Hygrobaby 9 (6–14 [4–21]). A total of 41/138 (30%) of the HMEF 750/S (the most commonly used filter) had measured values > 50, indicating excessive contamination on the machine side of the filter. The incidence of coughing and duration of the case were significantly associated with the incidence of excessive contamination on the machine side (p = 0.034 and p = 0.024, respectively). Excessive contamination on the machine side of the filter could be from the patient or from the re‐used breathing system and could result in cross‐infection. The level of contamination may need to be checked routinely during each list.
Litigation related to airway and respiratory complications of anaesthesia: an analysis of claims against the NHS in England 1995–2007
Authors: Cook T. M. , Scott S. , Mihai R. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryClaims notified to the NHS Litigation Authority in England between 1995 and 2007 and filed under anaesthesia were analysed to explore patterns of injury and cost related to airway or respiratory events. Of 841 interpretable claims the final dataset contained 96 claims of dental damage, 67 airway‐related claims and 24 respiratory claims. Claims of dental damage contributed a numerically important (11%), but financially modest (0.5%) proportion of claims. These claims predominantly described injury during tracheal intubation or extubation; a minority associated with electroconvulsive therapy led to substantial cost per claim. The total cost of (non‐dental) airway claims was £4.9 million (84% closed, median cost £30 000) and that of respiratory claims was £3.3 million (81% closed, median £27 000). Airway and respiratory claims account for 12% of anaesthesia‐related claims, 53% of deaths, 27% of cost and ten of the 50 most expensive claims in the dataset. Airway claims most frequently described events at induction of anaesthesia, involved airway management with a tracheal tube and typically led to hypoxia and patient death or brain injury. Airway trauma accounted for one third of airway claims and these included deaths from mediastinal injury at intubation. Pulmonary aspiration and tube misplacement, including oesophageal intubation, led to several claims. Among respiratory claims, ventilation problems, combined with hypoxia, were an important source of claims. Although limited clinical details hamper analysis, the data suggest that most airway and respiratory‐related claims arise from sentinel events. The absence of clinical detail and denominators limit opportunities to learn from such events; much more could be learnt from a closed claim or sentinel event analysis scheme.
Metabolic cardiovascular disease risk factors and their clustering in subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Ashizawa Kiyoto , Imaizumi Misa , Usa Toshiro , Tominaga Tan , Sera Nobuko , Hida Ayumi , Ejima Eri , Neriishi Kazuo , Soda Midori , Ichimaru Shinichiro , Nakashima Eiji , Fujiwara Saeko , Maeda Renju , Nagataki Shigenobu , Eguchi Katsumi , Akahoshi Masazumi 
Published: March 2010

SummaryObjective  A possible association between subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported. Monitoring of atomic‐bomb survivors for late effects of radiation exposure at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation has provided the opportunity to examine associations between subclinical hypothyroidism and metabolic CVD risk factors. The objective of the study was to evaluate associations between subclinical hypothyroidism and metabolic CVD risk factors, and a cluster of these factors.Design and participants  This was a cross‐sectional study of 3549 subjects (mean age 70 years; 1221 men and 2328 women) between 2000 and 2003 comprising 306 subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism and 3243 control euthyroid subjects in Japan.Measurements  We investigated associations between subclinical hypothyroidism and metabolic CVD risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and hyperuricaemia, and a cluster of these factors.Results  Subclinical hypothyroidism was not significantly associated with either hypertension, diabetes mellitus or hyperuricaemia defined by taking into account the use of medications in both men and women, but in men it was associated with dyslipidaemia (P = 0·02). We observed a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) for the presence of three or more metabolic CVD risk factors in men with subclinical hypothyroidism after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status [OR: 1·83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1·13–2·94, P = 0·01]. The significant associations remained after an additional adjustment for atomic‐bomb radiation dose.Conclusions  There appears to be a significant increase in a cluster of metabolic CVD risk factors among people with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Regulation of adipokine production in human adipose tissue by propionic acid
Authors: Al‐Lahham Sa’ad H. , Roelofsen Han , Priebe Marion , Weening Desiree , Dijkstra Martijn , Hoek Annemieke , Rezaee Farhad , Venema Koen , Vonk Roel J. 
Published: March 2010

Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40 (5): 401–407AbstractBackground  Dietary fibre (DF) has been shown to be protective for the development of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Short‐chain fatty acids, produced by colonic fermentation of DF might mediate this beneficial effect. Adipose tissue plays a key role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, therefore, we investigated the influence of the short‐chain fatty acid propionic acid (PA) on leptin, adiponectin and resistin production by human omental (OAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). As PA has been shown to be a ligand for G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) 41 and 43, we investigated the role of GPCR’s in PA signalling.Materials and methods  Human OAT and SAT explants were obtained from gynaecological patients who underwent surgery. Explants were incubated for 24 h with PA. Adipokine secretion and mRNA expression were determined using ELISA and RT‐PCR respectively.Results  We found that PA significantly stimulated leptin mRNA expression and secretion by OAT and SAT, whereas it had no effect on adiponectin. Furthermore, PA reduced resistin mRNA expression. Leptin induction, but not resistin reduction, was abolished by inhibition of Gi/o‐coupled GPCR signalling. Moreover, GPCR41 and GPCR43 mRNA levels were considerably higher in SAT than in OAT.Conclusions  We demonstrate that PA stimulates expression of the anorexigenic hormone leptin and reduces the pro‐inflammatory factor resistin in human adipose tissue depots. This suggests that PA is involved in regulation of human energy metabolism and inflammation and in this way may influence the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Spatio‐temporal distribution of albacore (Thunnus alalunga) catches in the northeastern Atlantic: relationship with the thermal environment
Authors: SAGARMINAGA Y. , ARRIZABALAGA H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWhen the spring seasonal warming starts, North Atlantic albacore (Thunnus alalunga) juveniles and pre‐adults perform a trophic migration to the northeastern Atlantic, to the Bay of Biscay and to the southeast of Ireland. During this migration, they are exploited by Spanish trolling and baitboat fleets. The present study analyzes the relationship between the albacore spatio‐temporal distribution and the thermal environment. For this approach, several analyses have been performed on a database including fishing logbooks and sea surface temperature (SST) images, covering the period between 1987 and 2003. SST values and the SST gradients at the catch locations have been statistically compared to broader surrounding areas to test whether the thermal environment determines the spatial distribution of albacore. General additive models (GAM) have been used also to evaluate the relative importance of environmental variables and fleet behaviour. The results obtained show that, although juvenile albacore catch locations are affected by fleet dynamics, there is a close spatial and temporal relationship with the seasonal evolution of a statistically significant preferential SST window (16–18°C). However, differences have been identified between the relationship of albacore with SST within the Bay of Biscay in July and August (higher temperature). Such differences are found also in the spatial distribution of the catch locations; these reflect clearly the presence of two groups, differentiated after the third week of the fishing campaign at the end of June. The analysis undertaken relating the distribution of North Atlantic albacore juveniles with thermal gradients did not provide any evidence of a relationship between these catch locations and the nearby occurrence of thermal gradients.
The aerodynamics and efficiency of wind pollination in grasses
Authors: Cresswell James E. , Krick Julian , Patrick Michael A. , Lahoubi Mohammed 
Published: March 2010

Summary1. Under natural selection for sexual success, the reproductive organs of plants should evolve to become highly effective pollen receptors. Among wind‐pollinated plants, larger reproductive structures appear counter‐adapted to accumulate pollen by impaction on their windward surfaces, because airborne particles are less able to penetrate the thicker boundary layer of larger targets. Therefore, it has been proposed that wind‐pollinated plants with pollen receptors on relatively large structures, like some grasses (family Poaceae), are architecturally adapted to create downstream vortices in which airborne pollen recirculates before accumulating on leeward surfaces. From this basis, the striking diversity among the grasses in the architecture of their flowering stems has been attributed in part to the existence of these contrasting mechanisms for effecting pollen receipt, namely impact collection and recirculatory collection.2. We investigated the relative importance of impact and recirculatory collection in grasses by analysing a model systemin silicousing Computational Fluid Dynamics and by conductingin vivoexperiments, both in a wind tunnel and outdoors, using two grass species with compact inflorescences,Alopecurus pratensisandAnthoxanthum odoratum.3. Irrespective of the experimental approach, we found that although pollen recirculated in the leeward eddies of inflorescences, over 95% of the accumulated pollen was collected by windward surfaces.4. InA. pratensis, the collection efficiency (proportion of oncoming pollen collected) was between 5% and 20%, depending on wind speed in the range 0·5–1·9 m s−1and these levels conform to those predicted by a mechanistic model of impact collection.5. Our results demonstrate that grass species with larger inflorescences are, like those with smaller inflorescences, primarily impact collectors of airborne pollen, which suggests that dissimilar reproductive morphology among species cannot be attributed to differentiation in the mode of pollen capture and, instead, requires reference to other factors, such as the need to produce, protect and disperse seeds of different sizes in different environments.
Gender dimorphism and mycorrhizal symbiosis affect floral visitors and reproductive output inGeranium sylvaticum
Authors: Varga Sandra , Kytöviita Minna‐Maarit 
Published: March 2010

Summary1. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis has been shown to enhance some plant traits to which pollinators are known to respond. Moreover, in gynodioecious species pollinators prefer hermaphrodite flowers over female ones, but the role of fungal symbiosis in sex‐specific pollinator attraction is unknown.2. We examined how plant gender dimorphism and AM symbiosis affect floral visitors and reproductive output in the gynodioecious plantGeranium sylvaticum. Floral visitors were monitored in a common garden experiment using mycorrhizal plants inoculated with eitherGlomus claroideumorGlomus hoiand in non‐mycorrhizal condition.3. We hypothesized that because of the larger flower display and pollen presence in hermaphrodites, (i) hermaphrodites receive more floral visitors than females. However, as females produce higher numbers of seeds than hermaphrodites, we predicted that (ii) effective pollinators visit both sexes equally and that (iii) AM symbiosis, although affecting floral characteristics and insect behaviour in general, should not have sex‐specific effects on insects that transport pollen.4. Our results confirm the hypotheses as hermaphrodites received 1·5 times as many floral visitors than females. However, the most important pollinator group, the bumblebees, did not prefer either sex, which may be important for the maintenance of both sexes in gynodioecious populations. We further corroborated that AM symbiosis, although affecting flower size and the amount of pollen, did not affect bumblebee behaviour, whereas other hymenopterans showed a deterrence forG. hoiinoculated plants.5. This work reports the impact of AM symbiosis on the behaviour of floral visitors in a sexually dimorphic plant species. Positive interactions between plants, floral visitors and AM have been documented previously. However, potential negative tritrophic interactions between plants, floral visitors and AM may also occur. Our results suggest that plant sex and the mycorrhizal status of the plant also influence floral visitor groups that are unlikely to carry out pollination. This may benefit the plants if these floral visitors carry fungal diseases and consume pollen and nectar without effectively vectoring pollen.
Long‐term changes in the ipsilateral substantia nigra after transient focal cerebral ischaemia in rats
Authors: Uchida Hiroto , Yokoyama Hironori , Kimoto Hiroki , Kato Hiroyuki , Araki Tsutomu 
Published: March 2010

SummaryTransient focal cerebral ischaemia can cause neuronal damage in remote areas, including the ipsilateral thalamus and subsutantia nigra, as well as in the ischaemic core. In the present study, we investigated long‐term changes in the ipsilateral substantia nigra from 1 up to 20 weeks after 90 min of transient focal cerebral ischaemia in rats, using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuronal nuclei (NeuN), Iba‐1, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunostaining. These results show that transient focal cerebral ischaemia in rats can cause a severe and prolonged neuronal damage in the ipsilateral striatum. Our results with TH and NeuN immunostaining also demonstrate that the atrophy of the ipsilateral substantia nigra after transient focal cerebral ischaemia was not static but progressive. Furthermore, our double‐labelled immunohistochemical study suggests that BDNF released by GFAP‐positive astrocytes may play a key role in the survival of dopaminergic neurones in the ipsilateral substantia nigra at the chronic stage after transient focal cerebral ischaemia, although the areas of the ipsilateral substantia nigra are decreased progressively after ischaemia. Thus our study provides further valuable information for the pathogenesis of neuronal damage after transient focal cerebral ischaemia.
Early childhood predictors of mothers' and fathers' relationships with adolescents with developmental disabilities
Authors: Mitchell D. B. , Hauser‐Cram P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground  The importance of positive parent–adolescent relationships is stressed in research on adolescents, although very little is known about this relationship when a teen has developmental disabilities (DD). We investigated the relationships of adolescents with disabilities with their mothers and their fathers in order to answer a number of questions regarding these relationships. In particular, we asked: are there differences in the relationships of mothers and fathers with their adolescent with DD? Are there early childhood predictors of the parent–teen relationship and are those based on variables that are amenable to intervention? Finally, do these predictors differ for mothers and fathers?Methods  This study focused on the relationships of 72 mothers and 53 fathers with their 15‐year‐old teens with DD and their predictors from the early childhood years. Data were collected from parents through interviews and self‐administered questionnaires, and from their children with disabilities through structured assessment when children were age 3 years and again at age 15 years.Results  Analyses indicated that both mother–teen and father–teen relationships were predicted by earlier parenting stress. The father–teen relationship was also predicted by early behaviour problems, but this relation was mediated by parenting stress. Socio‐economic status, type of disability and the child's level of functioning were not predictive of later relationships between parents and teens. Mothers and fathers did not differ significantly in their reports of perceived positive relationships with their teens.Conclusions  The findings from this study suggest two important points of potential intervention during the early intervention years. First, parenting assistance and support to reduce stress during the early childhood years can benefit both mothers and fathers. Second, helping families and children cope with and diminish problem behaviours is likely to yield multiple advantages for parents and children and deserves emphasis in early intervention and pre‐school programmes.