bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using patterns of reef fish assemblages to refine a Habitat Classification System for marine parks in NSW, Australia
Authors: Malcolm Hamish A. , Smith Stephen D. A. , Jordan Alan 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The Solitary Islands Marine Park (SIMP) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, is located in a tropical‐temperate biotone, with variable influence of the tropical East Australian Current (EAC) from inshore to offshore. Marine communities on the extensive, subtidal, rocky reefs are poorly described. As a result, the current Habitat Classification System (HCS) used as part of the process to determine the marine park zoning arrangements, which places all shallow reef (<25 m) in the same category, is unlikely to represent real biotic patterns.
To evaluate the influence of five key factors (distance from shore, reef type, dominant benthos, latitude, and depth range) fish assemblages were widely surveyed, using 30‐minute timed counts, at 68 sites across the extent of shallow reef within the park. Relationships between assemblage patterns and levels of the different factors were subsequently examined using multivariate analyses.
Patterns of reef fish assemblages were most strongly correlated with distance from shore. Three distinct assemblages occurred on inshore (<1.5 km), mid‐shelf (1.5–6 km), and offshore (>6 km) reefs. Differences in assemblage structure by reef type were also apparent on inshore and offshore reefs, but not on mid‐shelf reefs. Correlations with the other factors were weak. The cross‐shelf pattern was persistent over the scale of years.
The results of the study provide strong support for incorporating distance‐from‐shore categories into a refined HCS. This will improve its ability to represent biological diversity as reflected by patterns of reef fish assemblages. Further research is required to determine the wider application of the HCS to other marine parks in NSW and to determine if it also, effectively, represents other components of biodiversity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conductive Nanoscopic Fibrous Assemblies Containing Helical Tetrathiafulvalene Stacks
Authors: Tatewaki Yoko , Hatanaka Tatsuya , Tsunashima Ryo , Nakamura Takayoshi , Kimura Mutsumi , Shirai Hirofusa 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTetrathiafulvalenes (TTF) S‐TTF and R‐TTF having four chiral amide end groups self‐organize into helical nanofibers in the presence of 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7′,8,8′‐tetracyano‐p‐quinodimethane (F4TCNQ). The intermolecular hydrogen bonding among chiral amide end groups and the formation of charge‐transfer complexes results in a long one‐dimensional supramolecular stacking, and the chirality of the end groups affects the molecular orientation of TTF cores within the stacks. Electronic conductivity of a single helical nanoscopic fiber made of S‐TTF and F4TCNQ is determined to be (7.0±3.0)×10−4 S cm−1 by point‐contact current‐imaging (PCI) AFM measurement. Nonwoven fabric composed of helical nanofibers shows a semiconducting temperature dependence with an activation energy of 0.18 eV.
Superior Electron‐Transport Ability of π‐Conjugated Redox Molecular Wires Prepared by the Stepwise Coordination Method on a Surface
Authors: Nishimori Yoshihiko , Kanaizuka Katsuhiko , Kurita Tomochika , Nagatsu Toshiaki , Segawa Yu , Toshimitsu Fumiyuki , Muratsugu Satoshi , Utsuno Mitsuya , Kume Shoko , Murata Masaki , Nishihara Hiroshi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractElectronic conductivity of molecular wires is a critical fundamental issue in molecular electronics. π‐Conjugated redox molecular wires with the superior long‐range electron‐transport ability could be constructed on a gold surface through the stepwise ligand–metal coordination method. The βd value, indicating the degree of decrease in the electron‐transfer rate constant with distance along the molecular wire between the electrode and the redox active species at the terminal of the wire, were 0.008–0.07 Å−1 and 0.002–0.004 Å−1 for molecular wires of bis(terpyridine)iron and bis(terpyridine)cobalt complex oligomers, respectively. The influences on βd by the chemical structure of molecular wires and the terminal redox units, temperature, electric field, and electrolyte concentration were clarified. The results indicate that facile sequential electron hopping between neighboring metal–complex units within the wire is responsible for the high electron‐transport ability.
Electronic and Steric Ligand Effects in the Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate Mediated by β‐Ketoiminate Complexes of Cobalt(II)
Authors: K. S. Santhosh Kumar , Li Yugang , Gnanou Yves , Baisch Ulrich , Champouret Yohan , Poli Rinaldo , Robson Kiyoshi C. D. , McNeil W. Stephen 
Published: June 2009

AbstractComplexes Co[OC(Ph)CHC(Me)NAr]2 [Ar=Ph, 1; o,o′‐C6H3Me2 (Xyl), 2; p‐C6H4CF3, 3] are tested in the polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) initiated by V‐70 (0.8 equiv) at 30 °C. Polymerization occurs without any notable induction time yielding PVAc with relatively low polydispersity, but with higher than expected Mn values, which indicates inefficient trapping processes. The apparent polymerization rate constant varies in the order 2>1>3. Controlled polymer growth is also observed when the polymerization is conducted in the presence of a much higher V‐70/1 ratio, demonstrating that this system can also function as a transfer agent in a degenerative transfer process. Competition between chain growth and catalyzed chain transfer (CCT) is also observed, the latter prevailing at higher temperatures. Comparison of these results with previous reports on bis(β‐diketonato) complexes allows a separate assessment of ligand electronic and steric effects in the ability to control polymerization.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photophysical Properties of (1E,3E,5E)‐1,3,4,6‐Tetraarylhexa‐1,3,5‐trienes: A New Class of Fluorophores Exhibiting Aggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Tatsumi Hironori , Mochida Kenji , Shimono Katsuhiro , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDouble Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction of (E)‐2,3‐diaryl‐1,4‐bis(diethylphosphonyl)but‐2‐ene with (p‐substituted) benzaldehydes gave (1E,3E,5E)‐1,3,4,6‐tetraarylhexa‐1,3,5‐trienes in moderate to good yields. Substitution of electron‐withdrawing or ‐donating groups at the para position of the 1,6‐diphenyl groups induced a slight bathochromic shift of UV spectra measured in CHCl3 compared with that of the parent 1,3,4,6‐tetraphenylhexa‐1,3,5‐triene. Although fluorescence was not observed with all the trienes in CHCl3, they markedly emitted visible light in powder forms with quantum yields of 0.15–0.44. Introduction of amino groups at the para position of the 3,4‐diphenyl groups induced a bathochromic shift of emission maxima with good solid‐state quantum yields. Thus, the tetraarylated triene framework is found to serve as a new class of fluorophores that exhibit aggregation‐induced emission.
Nucleophilic Cyclopropanation Reaction with Bis(iodozincio)methane by 1,4‐Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Nomura Kenichi , Hirayama Takaharu , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTreatment of α,β‐unsaturated ketones with an electrophilic site at the γ‐position in the presence of trimethylsilyl cyanide with bis(iodozincio)methane afforded the (Z)‐silyl enol ether of the β‐cyclopropyl substituted ketone in good yields. The reaction proceeds by 1,4‐addition to form an enolate, and its sequential intramolecular nucleophilic attack to an adjacent electrophilic site. The reaction of γ‐ethoxycarbonyl‐α,β‐unsaturated ketone and bis(iodozincio)methane in the presence of trimethylsilyl cyanide afforded 1‐ethoxy‐1‐trimethylsiloxycyclopropane derivatives, which can be regarded as the homoenolate equivalent. Additionally, reaction of the obtained homoenolate equivalents with imines give 1‐(E)‐alkenyl‐2‐(1‐aminoalkyl)alkanols diastereoselectively.
A Photoelectrochemical Method for Determining the Kinematics of Moving Particles Using an Array of Individually Addressable Electrodes
Authors: Rees Neil V. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe present the novel use of photoelectrochemistry to detect and monitor the trajectory of moving spheres. Using an array of individually addressable electrodes under illumination and potentiostatted so that a photocurrent is generated, the motion of a sphere is detected by means of measuring “dark” transients as the shadow cast by the moving sphere passes over each electrode. The method can used to determine the size and velocity of a single ball, or simultaneously track two spheres in collision.
Ultra scale‐down approach to correct dispersive and retentive effects in small‐scale columns when predicting larger scale elution profiles
Authors: Hutchinson N. , Chhatre S. , Baldascini H. , Davies J. L. , Bracewell D. G. , Hoare M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractUltra scale‐down approaches represent valuable methods for chromatography development work in the biopharmaceutical sector, but for them to be of value, scale‐down mimics must predict large‐scale process performance accurately. For example, one application of a scale‐down model involves using it to predict large‐scale elution profiles correctly with respect to the size of a product peak and its position in a chromatogram relative to contaminants. Predicting large‐scale profiles from data generated by small laboratory columns is complicated, however, by differences in dispersion and retention volumes between the two scales of operation. Correcting for these effects would improve the accuracy of the scale‐down models when predicting outputs such as eluate volumes at larger scale and thus enable the efficient design and operation of subsequent steps. This paper describes a novel ultra scale‐down approach which uses empirical correlations derived from conductivity changes during operation of laboratory and pilot columns to correct chromatographic profiles for the differences in dispersion and retention. The methodology was tested by using 1 mL column data to predict elution profiles of a chimeric monoclonal antibody obtained from Protein A chromatography columns at 3 mL laboratory‐ and 18.3 L pilot‐scale. The predictions were then verified experimentally. Results showed that the empirical corrections enabled accurate estimations of the characteristics of larger‐scale elution profiles. These data then provide the justification to adjust small‐scale conditions to achieve an eluate volume and product concentration which is consistent with that obtained at large‐scale and which can then be used for subsequent ultra scale‐down operations. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Recovery of E,E‐farnesol from cultures of yeast erg9 mutants: Extraction with polymeric beads and purification by normal‐phase chromatography
Authors: Song Linsheng 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae erg9 mutants blocked at squalene synthase require ergosterol for growth and produce E,E‐farnesol. Typically, at least half the amount of farnesol remains cell associated. Practically insoluble in water, farnesol can be extracted from production cultures of the erg9 mutants using either methanol/hexane or poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) beads. The first method consumes more solvents and requires centrifugation to clear an interface emulsion. The second method uses 50% less solvent and the beads can be used repeatedly for extraction. The solvent‐free crude extract from the beads extraction contained higher concentration of farnesol (76–77%) than that from the solvent extraction (61–65%). Farnesol was obtained after normal‐phase chromatography in high overall recovery (94%) and purity (99%). © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Antifungal Activity of Alkaloids from the Seeds of Chimonanthus praecox
Authors: Zhang Ji‐Wen , Gao Jin‐Ming , Xu Tian , Zhang Xing‐Chang , Ma Ya‐Tuan , Jarussophon Suwatchai , Konishi Yasuo 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageTwo alkaloids, D‐calycanthine (1) and L‐folicanthine (2), were isolated from the active MeOH extract of the seeds of Chimonanthus praecox Link. The structures of the two compounds were established by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and MS (FAB, ESI) analyses. In the in vitro tests, compounds 1 and 2 showed significant inhibitory activities against five plant pathogenic fungi Exserohilum turcicum, Bipolaris maydis, Alternaria solani, Sclerotinia sderotiorum, and Fusarium oxysportium, among which B. maydis was found to be the most susceptible to 1 with an EC50 value of 29.3 μg/ml, followed by S. sderotiorum to 2 with an EC50 value of 61.2 μg/ml. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation and LC/MS/MS identification as well as of antifungal properties of these alkaloids from the seeds of this plant.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Asiatic Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylases
Authors: Zhang Liying , Chen Jun , Gong Yanchun , Liu Jun , Zhang Luyong , Hua Weiyi , Sun Hongbin 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageTwenty‐four asiatic acid derivatives have been synthesized and biologically evaluated as inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase (GP). Within this series of compounds, asiatic acid benzyl ester (23; IC50=3.8 μM) exhibited more potent activity than its parent compound 1 (IC50=17 μM). SAR Analysis showed that asiatic acid (1) possessing a 2α‐OH function exhibited more potent GP inhibitory activity than eriantic acid B (27) which possesses a 2β‐OH function. Further lead optimization based on 1 is needed to find more effective asiatic acid derivatives as antidiabetic agents with protective effects against ischemic diabetic complications.
Secondary Metabolites and Cytotoxic Activities from the Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum nitidum
Authors: Yang Cheng‐Hui , Cheng Ming‐Jen , Lee Shiow‐Ju , Yang Cheng‐Wei , Chang Hsun‐Shuo , Chen Ih‐Sheng 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid, epizanthocadinanine A (1), together with 27 known compounds, including eight benzo[c]phenanthridines, i.e., oxynitidine (2), oxyavicine (3), oxychelerythrine (4), dihydrochelerythrine (5), 6‐acetonyldihydrochelerythrine (6), norchelerythrine (7), decarine (8), and arnottianamide (9); two 2‐quinolones, i.e., flindersine (10) and 4‐methoxy‐1‐methyl‐2‐quinolone (11); two furoquinolines, i.e., skimmianine (12) and γ‐fagarine (13); three aporphines, i.e., liriodenine (14), N‐acetyldehydroanonaine (15), and N‐acetylanonaine (16); six lignans, i.e., sesamin (17), episesamin (18), piperitol‐3,3‐dimethylallyl ether (19), xanthoxylol‐3,3‐dimethylallyl ether (20), savinin (21), and 2,3‐bis(3,4‐methylenedioxybenzyl)but‐2‐en‐4‐olide (22); three terpenoids, i.e., α‐cadinol (23), anticopalol (24), and spathulenol (25); one coumarin, i.e., aesculetin dimethyl ether (26); and two steroids, i.e., β‐sitosterol (27) and β‐sitostenone (28) were isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum nitidum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR as well as MS analyses. Moreover, the recently reported structures 2′–4′ of rhoifolines B and A, and ‘8‐methoxynorchelerythrine’, resp., isolated as new compounds from Z. rhoifolium and Z. nitidum, resp., could be assigned the revised structures 2–4 by reinvestigation of the spectroscopic data. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the isolates was evaluated on the MCF‐7, NCI‐H460, and SF‐268 cell lines. Among these isolates, liriodenine (14) was the most active compound against the MCF‐7, NCI‐H460, and SF‐268 cell lines with IC50 values of 2.19, 2.38, and 3.19 μg/ml, resp.
Anti‐Inflammatory, Antiproliferative, and Radical‐Scavenging Activities of Tolfenamic Acid and Its Metal Complexes
Authors: Kovala‐Demertzi Dimitra , Hadjipavlou‐Litina Dimitra , Primikiri Alexandra , Staninska Malgorzata , Kotoglou Chronis , Demertzis Mavroudis A. 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageSome new complexes of tolfenamic acid (=2‐[(2‐methyl‐3‐chlorophenyl)amino]benzoic acid; Htolf) with potentially interesting biological activities are described. The complexes [Mn(tolf)2(H2O)2], [Co(tolf)2(H2O)2], [Ni(tolf2(H2O)2], [Cu(tolf)2(H2O)]2, and [Zn(tolf)2(H2O)] were prepared by the reaction of tolfenamic acid, a potent anti‐inflammatory drug, with metal salts. The radical‐scavenging activities of the complexes were evaluated using the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical‐scavenging assay. Their ability to inhibit soybean lipoxygenase, β‐glucuronidase, and trypsin‐induced proteolysis was studied. Their inhibitory effects on rat paw edema induced by carrageenin was studied and compared with those of tolfenamic acid. The complex [Zn(tolf)2(H2O)] exhibited the strongest in vivo inhibitory effect at 0.1 mm/kg Body Weight (BW; 93.0±0.9%), superior than the inhibition induced by tolfenamic acid at the same molar dose (76.0±0.9%). Tolfenamic acid and its metal complexes have been evaluated for antiproliferative activity in vitro against the cells of three human cancer cell lines, MCF‐7 (breast cancer cell line), T24 (bladder cancer cell line), and A‐549 (non‐small cell lung carcinoma), and a mouse fibroblast L‐929 cell line. The complexes [Mn(tolf)2(H2O)2] and [Cu(tolf)2(H2O)]2 have shown selectivity against T24 cell line. The IC50 values of these two complexes against T24 cancer cell lines are in a micromolar range similar or better to that of the antitumor drug cisplatin.
Acylated Oleanane‐Type Triterpene Saponins with Acceleration of Gastrointestinal Transit and Inhibitory Effect on Pancreatic Lipase from Flower Buds of Chinese Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Yoshikawa Masayuki , Sugimoto Sachiko , Kato Yasuyo , Nakamura Seikou , Wang Tao , Yamashita Chihiro , Matsuda Hisashi 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe MeOH extract and its BuOH‐soluble fraction (crude saponin fraction) from the flower buds of Chinese tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze; Fujian Province) were found to exhibit accelerating effects on gastrointestinal transit in mice and inhibitory effects against pancreatic lipase. From the BuOH‐soluble fraction, three new acylated oleanane‐type triterpene oligoglycosides, chakasaponins I, II, and III (1–3, resp.), were isolated together with 13 known compounds. The chemical structures 1–3 were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Compounds 1–3 showed accelerating effects on gastrointestinal transit in mice and inhibitory effects against porcine pancreatic lipase (IC50=150–530 μM).
The relationship between cell membrane damage and lipid peroxidation under the condition of hypoxia‐reoxygenation: analysis of the mechanism using antioxidants and electron transport inhibitors
Authors: Yajima Daisuke , Motani Hisako , Hayakawa Mutsumi , Sato Yayoi , Sato Kaoru , Iwase Hirotaro 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe consecutively observed lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage under the condition of hypoxia‐reoxygenation (H/R) in cells and analyzed their mechanisms by using electron transport inhibitors and an antioxidant. In H/R experiments, lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage were observed during the hypoxia phase. In the reoxygenation phase, lipid peroxidation stopped, while cell membrane damage did not. An antioxidant, n‐acetylcystein (NAC), and potassium cyanide (KCN) inhibited lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage, while rotenone did not inhibit either of them. Although antimycin A did not inhibit lipid peroxidation, it inhibited cell membrane damage during the hypoxia phase but not during the reoxygenation phase. These results suggested that lipid peroxidation can affect cell membrane damage as a trigger during the hypoxia phase and the generation of oxidative stress can vary depending on the inhibition locations in the electron transport system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification with Organometallic Compounds Improves Crossing of the Blood–Brain Barrier of [Leu5]‐Enkephalin Derivatives in an In Vitro Model System
Authors: Pinto Antonio , Hoffmanns Ulrich , Ott Melanie , Fricker Gert , Metzler‐Nolte Nils 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEnkephalin peptides are thought to be suitable vectors for the passage of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Modifications that do not alter the amino acid sequence are often used to improve the permeation through living membrane systems. As a new type of modification we introduce organometallic compounds, in particular ferrocene carboxylic acid. Derivatives of [Leu5]enkephalin were synthesised and labelled with organometallic compounds by using solid‐phase synthesis techniques. All new metal–peptide bioconjugates were comprehensively characterised by HPLC, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and found to be at least 95 % pure. For the first time, permeation coefficients in a BBB model for organometal–peptide derivatives were determined in this work. The uptake and localisation of fluorescein‐labelled enkephalins was monitored by fluorescence microscopy on three cancer cell lines. Octanol/H2O partition coefficients of the compounds were measured by HPLC. The introduction of the organometallic moiety enhances the uptake into cells and the permeation coefficient of [Leu5]‐enkephalin. This could be due to an increase in lipophilicity caused by the organometallic label. The metal–peptide conjugates were found to be nontoxic up to mMconcentrations. The low cytotoxicity encourages further experiments that could take advantage of the selectivity of enkephalin derivatives for opioid receptors.
Impact of intravascular ultrasound guidance in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Maluenda Gabriel , Lemesle Gilles , Ben‐Dor Itsik , Collins Sara D. , Syed Asmir I. , Torguson Rebecca , Kaneshige Kimberly , Xue Zhenyi , Suddath William O. , Satler Lowell F. , Kent Kenneth M. , Lindsay Joseph , Pichard Augusto D. , Waksman Ron 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to examine the utility of routine intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation. Background: Stent thrombosis (ST) is a serious complication of PCI with stent implantation for patients presenting with acute MI. Mechanical factors such as incomplete stent expansion and smaller stent diameters are known to correlate with ST and restenosis. IVUS guidance for stent deployment is reported to reduce these events in stable patients. Methods: We analyzed a cohort of 905 consecutive patients who underwent primary PCI for acute MI and were discharged alive. The clinical outcomes of 382 patients who underwent IVUS‐guided PCI were compared to those of 523 patients who did not. Patients who presented with cardiogenic shock and rescue PCI were excluded. The primary composite endpoint of death, MI, and target lesion revascularization at 1‐year follow‐up was systematically indexed and a propensity score was performed with regard to the use of IVUS‐guided PCI. Results: Patients undergoing IVUS‐guided PCI were older, more diabetic and hypertensive, but presented with less history of previous MI. The severity of coronary artery disease was balanced between both groups. The number of treated lesions and stents used was higher in the IVUS‐guided group, with a longer procedural duration. The overall rates of the composite primary outcome were similar (14.5% vs. 14.3%, P = 0.94) as were the rates of definite and probable stent thrombosis at 1 year (2.1% vs. 2.1%, P = 0.99) in the IVUS‐guided and no‐IVUS groups, respectively. After multivariate and propensity score adjustment, IVUS guidance was not an independent predictor for the primary endpoint. Conclusion: This study does not support the routine use of IVUS guidance for stent deployment in patients who present with acute MI and undergo primary PCI. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.