bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gynaecologists estimate and experience laparoscopic hysterectomy as more difficult compared with abdominal hysterectomy
Authors: Nieboer Theodoor E. , Spaanderman Marc E. A. , Bongers Marlies Y. , Vierhout Mark E. , Kluivers Kirsten B. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe level of difficulty of various types of hysterectomy differs and may influence the choice of either approach. When surgeons consider one specific approach to hysterectomy as more difficult, they may be reluctant to perform this type of hysterectomy. The main objective of this study was to investigate the potential different levels of difficulty for laparoscopic and abdominal hysterectomy. Furthermore, the accuracy of estimating the level of difficulty was examined. In a randomized controlled trial between laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) and abdominal hysterectomy (AH), gynaecologists were asked to record the preoperatively estimated and postoperatively experienced level of difficulty on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Differences between LH and AH were examined and the correlation between the estimated uterine weight on bimanual palpation and the actual uterine weight was calculated. A difference on the VAS of three points or more (ΔVAS ≥ 3) was considered clinically relevant. In 72 out of 76 cases, both VAS scores were recorded. LH was estimated and experienced as significantly more difficult as compared with AH. In 13 (18%) cases, ΔVAS was ≥3, equally distributed between LH (n = 6) and AH (n = 7). Eleven of these 13 cases had a positive ΔVAS ≥3, meaning that surgery was experienced as more difficult than it was estimated. Surgeon’s estimation of uterine size correlated well with the actual uterine weight. LH is considered as more difficult than AH, which might be a reason for its slow implementation. In a large proportion of cases, gynaecologists seem to be able to estimate the level of difficulty of hysterectomy accurately.
Dissimilar Properties of Vaccenic Versus Elaidic Acid in β‐Oxidation Activities and Gene Regulation in Rat Liver Cells
Authors: Du Zhen‐Yu , Degrace Pascal , Gresti Joseph , Loreau Olivier , Clouet Pierre 
Published: May 2010

AbstractVaccenic acid (trans‐11‐C18:1) chemically resembles elaidic acid (trans‐9‐C18:1) which is assumed to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and thus could exert similar effects. Possible different oxidation rates of vaccenic versus elaidic acid were checked in muscles and liver, and through related gene expression in normal rat liver cells. In hepatic mitochondria, carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) I exhibited comparable activity rates with both trans‐isomers. CPT II activity was 30% greater (P < 0.05) with vaccenic than with elaidic acid as nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) or acyl‐CoAs. Activity of the first β‐oxidation step was similar between the isomers in all the tissue slices and liver extracts assayed. Respiration rates were comparable with both trans‐isomers as NEFAs in various liver extracts, but were 30% greater (P < 0.05) with vaccenoyl‐CoA than with elaidoyl‐CoA in liver mitochondria. Vaccenic acid was oxidised 25% more (P < 0.05) by liver peroxisomes than elaidic acid. In hepatocytes cultured with trans‐ and corresponding cis‐C18:1 isomers, gene expression of CPT I, hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase and hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA synthase was at least 100% increased (P < 0.05), but was unchanged with vaccenic acid, relative to controls. In conclusion, the position and geometry of the double bonds in acyl chains are suggested to confer on vaccenic and elaidic acid specific biochemical properties that might differently affect their fates in tissues.
Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009: Chest Radiographic Findings from 147 Proven Cases in the Montreal Area
Authors: Semionov Alexandre , Tremblay Cécile , Samson Louise , Chandonnet Martin , Chalaoui Jean , Chartrand-Lefebvre Carl 
Published: May 2010

Objective To describe chest radiographic findings in patients with isolated and complicated acute novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Methods Retrospective study of 147 patients (64 men, mean age 41) with reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmed acute influenza A (H1N1) infection, who also had a chest radiograph <72 hours of viral specimen collection. Radiographs were analysed for acute findings. A correlation with bacterial cultures results was performed. The unpaired 2-sample equal-variance Student t test was applied to continuous variables and the Pearson χ2 test of association to discrete variables. Results In 71% of cases, chest radiograph was normal. The presence of acute imaging findings was associated with older age ( P < .05), increased number of comorbidities (most commonly, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, asthma) ( P < .05), higher rate of hospitalization ( P < .05) and intensive care unit admission, and increased mortality. Predominant acute radiographic finding in isolated influenza A (H1N1) was alveolar opacity (88%), either unifocal or multifocal, most often in the lower lobes. In the subgroup of patients with positive imaging findings and for whom nonviral microbiologic data was available, 62% had superimposed bacterial or fungal infection. Conclusion In the majority of patients with acute influenza A (H1N1) infection, the chest radiograph is normal. Acute imaging findings are associated with older age, an increased number of comorbidities, and a higher rate of complications and mortality. The predominant radiographic finding of isolated primary influenza A (H1N1) infection is alveolar opacity. Superimposed bacterial infection is frequent and must be excluded in patients with abnormal imaging.
Multiplex PCR assay to discriminate four neighbouring species of the Calliptamus genus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from France
Authors: Blanchet E. , Blondin L. , Gagnaire P.A. , Foucart A. , Vassal J.M. , Lecoq M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDefinition of the genus Calliptamus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) has generated many taxonomic debates. Even now, the existence of different geographical morphs hinders species determination, particularly as concerns females and larvae. Some of these species are observed in southern France and are recognized as potential pests. To circumvent problems of species identification in ecological surveys, we developed a single multiplex PCR method based on mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxydase I diagnostic polymorphisms to differentiate between the four species, Calliptamus italicus, C. wattenwylianus, C. siciliae and C. barbarus, in southern regions of France.
A new chlorophyll d-containing cyanobacterium: evidence for niche adaptation in the genus Acaryochloris
Authors: Mohr Remus , Voß Björn , Schliep Martin , Kurz Thorsten , Maldener Iris , Adams David G , Larkum Anthony D W , Chen Min , Hess Wolfgang R 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Chlorophyll d is a photosynthetic pigment that, based on chemical analyses, has only recently been recognized to be widespread in oceanic and lacustrine environments. However, the diversity of organisms harbouring this pigment is not known. Until now, the unicellular cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina is the only characterized organism that uses chlorophyll d as a major photopigment. In this study we describe a new cyanobacterium possessing a high amount of chlorophyll d, which was isolated from waters around Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef (23° 26′ 31.2″ S, 151° 54′ 50.4″ E). The 16S ribosomal RNA is 2% divergent from the two previously described isolates of A. marina, which were isolated from waters around the Palau islands (Pacific Ocean) and the Salton Sea lake (California), suggesting that it belongs to a different clade within the genus Acaryochloris. An overview sequence analysis of its genome based on Illumina technology yielded 871 contigs with an accumulated length of 8 371 965 nt. Their analysis revealed typical features associated with Acaryochloris, such as an extended gene family for chlorophyll-binding proteins. However, compared with A. marina MBIC11017, distinct genetic, morphological and physiological differences were observed. Light saturation is reached at lower light intensities, Chl d/a ratios are less variable with light intensity and the phycobiliprotein phycocyanin is lacking, suggesting that cyanobacteria of the genus Acaryochloris occur in distinct ecotypes. These data characterize Acaryochloris as a niche-adapted cyanobacterium and show that more rigorous attempts are worthwhile to isolate, cultivate and analyse chlorophyll d-containing cyanobacteria for understanding the ecophysiology of these organisms.
Fixation-free fluorescence in situ hybridization for targeted enrichment of microbial populations
Authors: Yilmaz Suzan , Haroon Mohamed F , Rabkin Brian A , Tyson Gene W , Hugenholtz Philip 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We modified the standard ribosomal RNA-targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) protocol by removing the fixation steps to allow recovery of unmodified nucleic acids. Using this method, hybridized cells could be visualized in two bioreactor sludges and termite hindgut samples by epifluorescence microscopy. We then targeted one bacterial and one archaeal population in the sludge samples with group-specific oligonucleotide probes using in-solution fixation-free FISH and sorted hybridized populations using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We could show that sorted populations were highly enriched for the target organisms based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, thus confirming probe specificity using the modified FISH protocol. This approach should facilitate subsequent genomic sequencing and analysis of targeted populations as DNA is not compromised by crosslinking during fixation.
Regulation of renal sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter genes (Npt2a and Npt2c) by all-trans-retinoic acid and its receptors
Authors: Masuda Masashi , Yamamoto Hironori , Kozai Mina , Tanaka Sarasa , Ishiguro Mariko , Takei Yuichiro , Nakahashi Otoki , Ikeda Shoko , Uebanso Takashi , Taketani Yutaka , Segawa Hiroko , Miyamoto Ken-ichi , Takeda Eiji 
Published: May 2010

The type II sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporters Npt2a and Npt2c play critical roles in the reabsorption of Pi by renal proximal tubular cells. The vitamin A metabolite ATRA (all-trans-retinoic acid) is important for development, cell proliferation and differentiation, and bone formation. It has been reported that ATRA increases the rate of Pi transport in renal proximal tubular cells. However, the molecular mechanism is still unknown. In the present study, we observed the effects of a VAD (vitamin A-deficient) diet on Pi homoeostasis and the expression of Npt2a and Npt2c genes in rat kidney. There was no change in the plasma levels of Pi, but VAD rats significantly increased renal Pi excretion. Renal brush-border membrane Pi uptake activity and renal Npt2a and Npt2c expressions were significantly decreased in VAD rats. The transcriptional activity of a luciferase reporter plasmid containing the promoter region of human Npt2a and Npt2c genes was increased markedly by ATRA and a RAR (retinoic acid receptor)-specific analogue TTNPB {4-[E-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetra-methyl-2-naphtalenyl)-1-propenyl] benzoic acid} in renal proximal tubular cells overexpressing RARs and RXRs (retinoid X receptors). Furthermore, we identified RAREs (retinoic acid-response elements) in both gene promoters. Interestingly, the half-site sequences (5′-GGTTCA-3′: −563 to −558) of 2c-RARE1 overlapped the vitamin D-responsive element in the human Npt2c gene and were functionally important motifs for transcriptional regulation of human Npt2c by ATRA and 1,25(OH)2D3 (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), in both independent or additive actions. In summary, we conclude that VAD induces hyperphosphaturia through the down-regulation of Npt2a and Npt2c gene expression in the kidney.
Quantum rotor induced hyperpolarization
Authors: Ludwig Christian , Saunders Martin , Marin-Montesinos Ildefonso , Günther Ulrich L. 
Published: May 2010

Despite its broad applicability NMR has always been limited by its inherently low sensitivity. Hyperpolarization methods have the potential to overcome this limitation and, in the case of ex situ dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), large enhancement factors have been achieved. Although many other polarization methods have been described in the past, including chemically and parahydrogen-induced polarization and optical pumping, DNP has recently been the most popular. Here we present an additional polarization mechanism arising from quantum rotor effects in methyl groups, which generates polarizations at temperatures < 1.5 K and interferes with DNP at such temperatures. The polarization generated by this mechanism is efficiently transferred via carbon bound protons. Although quantum rotor polarizations have been studied for a small range of molecules in great detail, we observe such effects for a much broader range of substances with very different polarization rates at temperatures < 1.5 K. Moreover, we report transfer of quantum rotor polarization across a chain of protons. The observed effect not only influences the polarization in low-temperature DNP experiments but also opens a new independent avenue to generate enhanced sensitivity for NMR.
Threshold Average Precision (TAP-k): a measure of retrieval designed for bioinformatics
Authors: Carroll Hyrum D. , Kann Maricel G. , Sheetlin Sergey L. , Spouge John L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Since database retrieval is a fundamental operation, the measurement of retrieval efficacy is critical to progress in bioinformatics. This article points out some issues with current methods of measuring retrieval efficacy and suggests some improvements. In particular, many studies have used the pooled receiver operating characteristic for n irrelevant records (ROCn) score, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of a ‘pooled’ ROC curve, truncated at n irrelevant records. Unfortunately, the pooled ROCn score does not faithfully reflect actual usage of retrieval algorithms. Additionally, a pooled ROCn score can be very sensitive to retrieval results from as little as a single query.
Methods: To replace the pooled ROCn score, we propose the Threshold Average Precision (TAP-k), a measure closely related to the well-known average precision in information retrieval, but reflecting the usage of E-values in bioinformatics. Furthermore, in addition to conditions previously given in the literature, we introduce three new criteria that an ideal measure of retrieval efficacy should satisfy.
Results: PSI-BLAST, GLOBAL, HMMER and RPS-BLAST provided examples of using the TAP-k and pooled ROCn scores to evaluate sequence retrieval algorithms. In particular, compelling examples using real data highlight the drawbacks of the pooled ROCn score, showing that it can produce evaluations skewing far from intuitive expectations. In contrast, the TAP-k satisfies most of the criteria desired in an ideal measure of retrieval efficacy.
Availability and Implementation: The TAP-k web server and downloadable Perl script are freely available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/CBBresearch/Spouge/html.ncbi/tap/
Contact: spouge@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Hellenistic Literature
Authors: Clayman Dee L. 
Published: May 2010

The Hellenistic era, so named by J. G. Droysen, begins with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 bce and ends in 31 bce, when the Romans effectively took control of the Mediterranean after the battle of Actium. The term was later applied to the cultural output of the age by Wilamowitz. The dramatic developments in art and literature, philosophy and science that characterize this period are usually attributed to the dramatic political and social changes that swept over the Greek world after Alexander’s death. This picture is complicated by the fact that some aspects of the Hellenistic appear in the last part of the fourth century, when the social and political changes that theoretically inspired them were only just getting under way. Though these and other difficulties have challenged the traditional definition, on the whole it has proven to be a useful label.
Latin Poetry: From the Beginnings through the End of the Republic
Authors: Manuwald Gesine 
Published: May 2010

Setting precise period boundaries within the development of literature is notoriously difficult: this survey tries to cover all poetry that was produced during the “Republican period” in chronological terms. It therefore covers the emergence of Roman literature as well as poets who were active in Republican times, such as Livius Andronicus, Naevius, Ennius, Pacuvius, Accius, Plautus, Caecilius Statius, Terence, Lucilius, Lucretius, Catullus, and Cicero, as well as the early works of those poets who are generally labeled “Augustan” but started writing in the final decades of the Republic, Virgil and Horace in particular. The beginning of “Roman literature” is conventionally dated to 240 bce, when the first performances of Greek-style drama at public games are recorded, but the epic Odusia of Rome’s first poet, Livius Andronicus, is likely to have been composed slightly earlier. At any rate, in about the middle of the third century bce literature modeled on Greek precedents emerged in Rome, which meant a significant change from the so-called pre-literary phase. The first Roman poets were versatile and active in a variety of literary genres, such as epic, tragedy, and comedy. When literature became more sophisticated and further genres emerged, differentiation developed, and poets tended to specialize in particular literary genres. During the Republican period as a whole, the genres of epic (narrative and didactic), tragedy, comedy, indigenous dramatic forms, satire, lyric, elegy, epigram, and pastoral were introduced to Rome.
Contemporary Metaphysics
Authors: Hazlett Allan 
Published: May 2010

There is no general agreement or consensus about how to define metaphysics. The word itself derives from the title of one of Aristotle’s books, one that deals with decidedly metaphysical issues, but intuitively metaphysical issues are discussed by Aristotle as much in his other works as in the Metaphysics. Contemporary metaphysics ranges over a broad set of questions: questions about what reality is like, at its most fundamental; questions about the nature of human agency and perception; questions about the legitimacy of metaphysics itself. The only way to know what contemporary metaphysics is about is to understand the relevant texts, issues, and figures. Hence this article, which presents important and influential background readings in the various subareas of metaphysics. These “areas” of metaphysics (like the various “areas” of philosophy) are deeply interconnected, to say the least. Indeed the quotes used here indicate doubts about the very idea of distinct “areas.” On this score, the artificiality of the divisions employed here cannot be overemphasized. This article is concerned with contemporary metaphysics in the “analytic” tradition, and as such it ignores some important philosophers. Most importantly, this article does not cover the historical background to contemporary analytic metaphysics, which includes the Aristotelian tradition that still shapes contemporary metaphysical thinking; the Humean empiricism and Kantian idealism to which analytic metaphysicians owe so much; and finally, the “Absolute Idealism” of F. H. Bradley (the negative reaction to which helped spawn “analytic” philosophy as we know it). Nor does it cover early-20th-century analytic philosophy, including logical positivism, or ordinary language philosophy. The aim here is to provide background reading for those concerned with contemporary metaphysics. The texts selected are mostly from the last half of the 20th century, and, for the most part, they are those that have had the most impact on contemporary debates.
Activity Patterns in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus during and after Awakening from Etomidate Anesthesia
Authors: Butovas Sergejus , Rudolph Uwe , Jurd Rachel , Schwarz Cornelius , Antkowiak Bernd 
Published: May 2010

Background
The anesthetic properties of etomidate are largely mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. There is evidence for the existence of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subtypes in the brain, which respond to small concentrations of etomidate. After awakening from anesthesia, these subtypes are expected to cause cognitive dysfunction for a yet unknown period of time. The corresponding patterns of brain electrical activity and the molecular identity of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors contributing to these actions remain to be elucidated.

Methods
Anesthesia was induced in wild-type and beta3(N265M) knock-in mice by intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg etomidate. Local field potentials were recorded simultaneously in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus using chronically implanted electrode arrays. Local field potentials were sampled before, during, and after anesthesia.

Results
In the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of wild-type mice, intravenous bolus injection of etomidate evoked isoelectric baselines and subsequent burst suppression. These effects were largely attenuated by the beta3(N265M) mutation. During emergence from anesthesia, power density in the theta band (5-15 Hz) transiently increased in the hippocampus of wild types, but not in the mutants, indicating that this action was caused by the receptors harboring beta3 subunits. In both genotypes, etomidate produced a long-lasting (> 1 h after recovery of righting reflexes) decrease in theta-peak frequency. Significant slowing of theta activity was apparent in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

Conclusions
Etomidate-induced patterns of brain activity during deep anesthesia mostly involve actions at beta3 containing gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. During the postanesthesia period, altered theta-band activity indicates ongoing anesthetic action.
Fentanyl Does Not Reduce the Incidence of Laryngospasm in Children Anesthetized with Sevoflurane
Authors: Erb Thomas O. , von Ungern-Sternberg Britta S. , Keller Kathrin , Rosner Gary L. , Craig Damian , Frei Franz J. 
Published: May 2010

Background
The modifying effects of fentanyl on protective airway reflexes have not been characterized in children. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of increasing doses of fentanyl on laryngeal reflex responses in children anesthetized with sevoflurane. The authors hypothesized that the incidence of laryngospasm evoked by laryngeal stimulation is reduced with increasing doses of fentanyl.

Methods
Sixty-three children, aged 2-6 yr, scheduled for elective surgery, were anesthetized with sevoflurane (1 minimum alveolar concentration). By using an established technique, laryngeal and respiratory responses were elicited by spraying distilled water on the laryngeal mucosa: (1) before the administration of fentanyl, (2) after the administration of 1.5 microg/kg fentanyl, and (3) after the administration of a second dose of 1.5 microg/kg fentanyl. In 10 children, serving as a time control, three successive laryngeal stimulations were performed without the administration of fentanyl. The responses were assessed by a blinded reviewer.

Results
The study was completed in 60 patients. The incidence of laryngospasm was not reduced when up to two successive doses of 1.5 microg/kg fentanyl were administered. The incidence of laryngospasm lasting for more than 10 s was 26% before receiving fentanyl, 31% after recieving1.5 microg/kg fentanyl, and 18% after receiving a second dose of 1.5 microg/kg fentanyl (P = 0.36 and 0.78, respectively). This response was similar to that observed in the time control group (P = 0.21).

Conclusion
Two successive doses of 1.5 microg/kg fentanyl did not effectively prevent laryngospasm in children, aged 2-6 yr, anesthetized with sevoflurane.