bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QALE‐FEM for modelling 3D overturning waves
Authors: Yan S. , Ma Q. W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA further development of the QALE‐FEM (quasi‐arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element method) based on a fully nonlinear potential theory is presented in this paper. This development enables the QALE‐FEM to deal with three‐dimensional (3D) overturning waves over complex seabeds, which have not been considered since the method was devised by the authors of this paper in their previous works (J. Comput. Phys.2006;212:52–72;J. Numer. Meth. Engng2009;78:713–756). In order to tackle challenges associated with 3D overturning waves, two new numerical techniques are suggested. They are the techniques for moving the mesh and for calculating the fluid velocity near overturning jets, respectively. The developed method is validated by comparing its numerical results with experimental data and results from other numerical methods available in the literature. Good agreement is achieved. The computational efficiency of this method is also investigated for this kind of wave, which shows that the QALE‐FEM can be many times faster than other methods based on the same theory. Furthermore, 3D overturning waves propagating over a non‐symmetrical seabed or multiple reefs are simulated using the method. Some of these results have not been found elsewhere to the best of our knowledge. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of entrance length and mass suction rate for a cylindrical sucking funnel
Authors: Mishra Dipti Prasad , Dash Sukanta K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractConservation equations for mass, momentum and energy have been solved numerically for a cylindrical funnel with louvers (lateral openings on the side wall of the cylindrical funnel through which air can come into it) to compute the suction rate of air into the funnel. The nozzle placed centrally at the bottom of the cylinder ejects high‐velocity hot gaseous products so that atmospheric air gets sucked into the funnel. The objective of the work is to compute the ratio of the rate of mass suction to that of the mass ejected by the nozzle for different operating conditions and geometrical size of the funnel. From the computation it has been found that there exists optimum funnel diameter and optimum funnel height for which the mass suction is the highest. The protruding length of the nozzle into the funnel has almost no effect on the mass suction rate after a certain funnel height. The louvers opening area has a very high impact on the mass suction rate. The entrance length for such a sucking funnel is strikingly much lower compared with a simple cylindrical pipe having uniform flow at the inlet at same Reynolds number. A new correlation has been developed to propose the entrance length for a sucking pipe, the rate of mass suction into it and the exhaust plume temperature over a wide range of operating parameters that are normally encountered in a general funnel operations of naval or merchant ship. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unstructured finite volume discretization of two‐dimensional depth‐averaged shallow water equations with porosity
Authors: Cea L. , Vázquez‐Cendón M. E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper deals with the numerical discretization of two‐dimensional depth‐averaged models with porosity. The equations solved by these models are similar to the classic shallow water equations, but include additional terms to account for the effect of small‐scale impervious obstructions which are not resolved by the numerical mesh because their size is smaller or similar to the average mesh size. These small‐scale obstructions diminish the available storage volume on a given region, reduce the effective cross section for the water to flow, and increase the head losses due to additional drag forces and turbulence. In shallow water models with porosity these effects are modelled introducing an effective porosity parameter in the mass and momentum conservation equations, and including an additional drag source term in the momentum equations. This paper presents and compares two different numerical discretizations for the two‐dimensional shallow water equations with porosity, both of them are high‐order schemes. The numerical schemes proposed are well‐balanced, in the sense that they preserve naturally the exact hydrostatic solution without the need of high‐order corrections in the source terms. At the same time they are able to deal accurately with regions of zero porosity, where the water cannot flow. Several numerical test cases are used in order to verify the properties of the discretization schemes proposed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of velocity equation of steady flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in channel with porous walls
Authors: Babaelahi M. , Ganji D. D. , Joneidi A. A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSteady flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in a channel, driven by suction or injection of the fluid through the channel walls, is investigated. The velocity equation of this problem is reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equation with two boundary conditions by appropriate transformation and convert the two‐point boundary‐value problem for the similarity function into an initial‐value problem in which the position of the upper channel. Then obtained differential equation is solved analytically using differential transformation method and compare with He's variational iteration method and numerical solution. These methods can be easily extended to other linear and nonlinear equations and so can be found widely applicable in engineering and sciences. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alte Zeugnisse, neu ausgestellt
Authors: Stijnman Ad , Stäcker Thomas 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAuf dem Weg zum „Virtuellen Kupferstichkabinett”︁: In Braunschweig und Wolfenbüttel werden mehr als 40 000 grafische Blätter digital zusammengeführt – zum Wohl von Forschung und Öffentlichkeit
Im Rhythmus der Vegetation
Authors: Wiegand Kerstin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractViele Savannen gelten als bedroht. Doch die riesigen Flächen, die ein Fünftel der Erde bedecken, haben ihre ganz eigene Dynamik: Die scheinbar unaufhaltsame Verbuschung ist tatsächlich nur ein natürliches Durchgangsstadium
Preserved executive function in high‐performing elderly is driven by large‐scale recruitment of prefrontal cortical mechanisms
Authors: De Sanctis Pierfilippo , Gomez‐Ramirez Manuel , Sehatpour Pejman , Wylie Glenn R. , Foxe John J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHigh‐density electrical mapping of event‐related potentials was used to investigate the neural processes that permit some elderly subjects to preserve high levels of executive functioning. Two possibilities pertain: (1) high‐performance in elderly subjects is underpinned by similar processing mechanisms to those seen in young adults; that is, these individuals display minimal functional decay across the lifespan, or (2) preserved function relies on successfully recruiting and amplifying control processes to compensate for normal sensory‐perceptual decline with age. Fifteen young and nineteen elderly participants, the latter split into groups of high and low performers, regularly alternated between a letter and a number categorization task, switching between tasks every third trial (AAA‐BBB‐AAA…). This allowed for interrogation of performance during switch, repeat, and preparatory pre‐switch trials. Robust effects of age were observed in both frontal and parietal components of the task‐switching network. Greatest differences originated over prefrontal regions, with elderly subjects generating amplified, earlier, and more differentiated patterns of activity. This prefrontal amplification was evident only in high‐performing (HP) elderly, and was strongest on pre‐switch trials when participants prepared for an upcoming task‐switch. Analysis of the early transient and late sustained activity using topographic analyses and source localization collectively supported a unique and elaborated pattern of activity across frontal and parietal scalp in HP‐elderly, wholly different to that seen in both young and low‐performing elderly. On this basis, we propose that preserved executive function in HP‐elderly is driven by large‐scale recruitment and enhancement of prefrontal cortical mechanisms. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gabapentin for the treatment of pain related to radiation‐induced mucositis in patients with head and neck tumors treated with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy
Authors: Bar Ad Voichita , Weinstein Gregory , Dutta Pinaki R. , Chalian Ara , Both Stefan , Quon Harry 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.This retrospective study evaluates the efficacy of gabapentin for the treatment of pain syndrome related to radiation‐induced mucositis in patients with head and neck tumors.Methods.Thirty cases of head and neck malignancies treated with radiotherapy were analyzed.Results.By using a median dose of 2700 mg/day of gabapentin, only 10% of patients required additional narcotic pain medications for adequate pain relief during the third and fourth week of treatment, despite grade 2 or higher mucositis present in 56% and 73% of the patients, respectively. Likewise, during the last weeks of intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), only 35% of patients required additional narcotics for pain control, despite the presence of grade 2 or higher mucositis in 80% of cases.Conclusions.Gabapentin appears promising in reducing the need for narcotic pain medication for patients with head and neck malignancies treated with IMRT and should be further evaluated prospectively in controlled clinical trials. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Prospective trial to evaluate staged neck dissection or elective neck radiotherapy in patients with CT‐staged T1‐2 N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue
Authors: Brennan Sinead , Corry June , Kleid Stephen , Porceddu Sandro , Yuen Kally , Rischin Danny , Peters Lester J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundA prospective study was undertaken to evaluate a policy of selective, single‐modality elective neck treatment in T1‐2, node‐negative oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsWhere the primary tumor showed 1 of the 4 key pathological criteria (greater than 7 mm of muscle invasion, less than 5 mm of resection margin, perineural or lymphovascular invasion), radiotherapy was delivered to the primary site and the at‐risk undissected neck. Otherwise patients underwent ipsilateral neck dissection within 4 weeks of initial resection. Prospective quality of life assessments were performed.ResultsThe study was closed after accrual of 25 patients, because the high locoregional recurrence rate met early stopping criteria. With a median follow‐up of 3.4 years, the locoregional recurrence rate was 23%. The 4‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates were 71% and 64%, respectively.ConclusionThe poor disease‐free survival reflects the need for better prognostic markers and more aggressive treatment in these patients. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Development of ICF core sets for head and neck cancer
Authors: Tschiesner Uta , Rogers Simon , Dietz Andreas , Yueh Bevan , Cieza Alarcos 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.Based on the International Classification of Functioning (ICF)—Disability and Health, participants from different professional and cultural backgrounds were invited to achieve consensus on a first version of ICF Core Set for head and neck cancer (HNC). It was designed to set standards for the assessment of functioning in HNC.Methods.The ICF was adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2001 and was used as the frame of reference. Preselection of potential ICF categories was based on 4 different preparatory studies: patient interviews, health professional surveys, literature review, and multicenter study applying ICF‐nomenclature. After training on the ICF, the results of preparatory studies were presented to 21 invited participants to vote in a formal consensus process on both the Brief and Comprehensive ICF Core Set for HNC. Participants came from all 6 WHO world regions, covering 12 different countries. Professional backgrounds included otorhinolaryngologists, maxillofacial surgeons, medical/radiation oncologists, psychologists, physiotherapists, nurses, and social workers.Results.The Comprehensive ICF Core Set for HNC included 112 categories (8% of entire ICF) and the Brief ICF Core Set for HNC included 19 categories (1% of ICF).Conclusion.A first version of ICF Core Sets for HNC was defined. Further validation is in process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Weekly 5‐fluorouracil plus cisplatin for concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Lee Young Joo , Lee Chang Geol , Cho Byoung Chul , Kim Gwi Eon , Choi Hye Jin , Choi Eun Chang , Sohn Joo Hyuk , Kim Joo‐Hang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.In locally advanced head and neck cancer, concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with combined 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and cisplatin has increased acute toxicities as well as survival. Once‐weekly chemotherapeutic administration schedule may reduce severe toxicities. Thus, we investigated CRT using weekly administration of 5‐FU–cisplatin in locally advanced head and neck cancer.Methods.In a single‐arm, phase II study, CRT included radiation (70.0 Gy/35 fr) and weekly 5‐FU (750 mg/m2) and cisplatin (20 mg/m2).Results.Thirty‐two patients completed planned radiation. Thirteen (41%) achieved complete response, and 16 (50%) partial response. Twelve patients (38%) experienced acute grade 3 toxicities. Grade 3 mucositis, which was the most common toxicity, developed in 5 (16%) patients. The survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 81% and 76%, respectively. The progression‐free survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 69% and 66%, respectively.Conclusions.We demonstrated weekly 5‐FU‐cisplatin with conventional radiotherapy was efficacious and feasible with high compliance rate in locally advanced head and neck cancer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil induction chemotherapy followed by accelerated fractionation/concomitant boost radiation and concurrent cisplatin in patients with advanced squamous cell head and neck cancer: A Southwest Oncology Group phase II trial (S0216)
Authors: Adelstein David J. , Moon James , Hanna Ehab , Giri P. G. Shankar , Mills Glenn M. , Wolf Gregory T. , Urba Susan G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundIn an effort to optimize nonoperative therapy in patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer, the Southwest Oncology Group conducted a phase II trial combining 3‐drug taxane‐containing induction chemotherapy with accelerated fractionation/concomitant boost radiation and concomitant single‐agent cisplatin.MethodsTwo induction courses using docetaxel (75 mg/m2 on day 1), cisplatin (100 mg/m2 on day 1), and fluorouracil (1000 mg/m2/day continuous intravenous infusion days 1–4) were given, with an interval of 21 days. Patients who were stable or responded to the chemotherapy received definitive accelerated fractionation/concomitant boost radiation with concurrent cisplatin (100 mg/m2) on days 1 and 22 of radiation.ResultsThere were 74 eligible and evaluable patients enrolled between March 1, 2003, and August 15, 2004; 52 (70%) had stage IV disease. At least 1 grade 3‐4 toxicity was experienced by 63 patients (85%) during induction. A total of 61 patients completed induction and began concurrent chemoradiotherapy; 50 (68%) completed all planned treatment. At least 1 grade 3‐4 toxicity was noted in 53 of the 58 patients (91%) evaluated for toxicity from concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Two patients died during induction, and 2 during chemoradiation. With a median follow‐up of 36 months (range, 14–50), the 2‐year and 3‐year overall survival estimates were 70% and 64%, with 2‐year and 3‐year progression‐free survival estimates of 66% and 61%, respectively.ConclusionsThree‐drug induction chemotherapy followed by accelerated fractionation/concomitant boost radiation and concurrent cisplatin is toxic but feasible within a cooperative group. In this patient cohort with advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer, overall and progression‐free survivals were encouraging, justifying further study of this approach. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
New antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bacterial infections in cancer patients
Authors: Rolston Kenneth V. I. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPatients with cancer develop serious bacterial infections often, especially during periods of severe and prolonged neutropenia. Antibiotic usage for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections in these high‐risk patients leads to selection pressures resulting in the emergence and spread of resistant organisms. Many organisms acquire several resistance mechanisms, making them multi‐drug‐resistant (MDR) (defined as resistance to three or more different classes of antibiotics). These infections are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and costs. The development of novel antimicrobial agents with activity against pathogens that have become resistant to currently available agents is one strategy for combating resistant organisms. Several novel agents have either recently been approved, or are in various stages of development and are discussed in detail. It is unlikely that these agents will have a major impact on reducing the development and spread of MDR organisms. Consequently, the judicious use of currently available agents referred to as Antimicrobial Stewardship, and the development of and adherence to appropriate Infection Control policies and procedures are vital components in the management of these high‐risk patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous identification of parameter, initial condition, and boundary condition in groundwater modelling
Authors: Liu Hung‐Jen , Hsu Nien‐Sheng , Lee Tim Hau 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we perform an inverse method to simultaneously estimate aquifer parameters, initial condition, and boundary conditions in groundwater modelling. The parameter estimation is extended to a complete inverse problem that makes the calibrated groundwater flow model more realistic. The adjoint state method, the gradient search method, and the least square error algorithm are combined to build the optimization procedure. Horizontal two‐dimensional groundwater flow in a confined aquifer is exemplified to demonstrate the correlation between unknowns, the contribution of observation, as well as the suitability of applying the inverse method. The correlation analysis shows the connection between storage coefficient and initial condition. Besides, transmissivity and boundary conditions are also highly correlated. More observations at different location and time are necessary to provide sufficient information. A time series of unsteady head is requested for estimation of storage coefficient and initial condition. Observation near boundary is very effective for boundary condition estimation. The observation at pumping well mostly contributes to the estimation of transmissivity. According to all observations, it is possible to identify parameters, initial condition, and boundary condition simultaneously. Furthermore, the results not only illustrate the traditional assumption of known boundary condition but also initial condition, which may cause an incorrect estimation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Young infants' triangular communication with their parents in the context of maternal postpartum psychosis: Four case studies
Authors: Philipp Diane , Fivaz‐Depeursinge Elisabeth , Corboz‐Warnery Antoinette , Favez Nicolas 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWith increasing data on the dynamics of normative couples as they transition to parenthood and become a triad, the need for greater understanding of the impact of parental psychopathology on this transition has become clear. The goal of the current article is to begin exploring this area that has received little attention to date, by describing case examples from a study of clinical families as they transitioned to parenthood. Four representative cases were selected from a pool of 13 mother–father–baby triads, for whom the mother had been hospitalized conjointly with her infant due to a psychotic episode during the postpartum period. The families were observed as part of a clinical consultation that included a semistructured play paradigm known as the Lausanne Trilogue Play (LTP; E. Fivaz‐Depeursinge, & A. Corboz‐Warnery, 1999). Interactions were scored using standardized measures as well as clinical impressions. All families from the clinical sample were noted to struggle and frequently failed to achieve the goals of play. The impact on the infants in terms of their developing sense of self as well as their defensive strategies in this context are discussed, with clinical implications explored.
Attachment in substance‐exposed toddlers: The role of caregiving and exposure
Authors: Bergin Christi , McCollough Patricia 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPrenatal substance exposure is linked to adverse outcomes in children. Some adverse outcomes may result from insecure attachment and low‐quality caregiving rather than from substance exposure. Little is known about the caregiving of polysubstance‐using mothers. To address this, low‐income mothers (n = 41) with their substance‐exposed 12‐month‐olds were compared with a nonexposed group case‐matched for other risk factors. Maternal sensitivity and involvement were analyzed from 2 hr of videotaped interaction. Attachment was assessed using the Attachment Q‐Set. Attachment security and quality of caregiving were quite low for both groups, with no significant differences. In addition, regression analyses revealed that quality of caregiving predicted attachment, but amount of alcohol and cocaine exposure did not. These results suggest that among toddlers with social risk, substance exposure may not predict insecure attachment. Previous research linking attachment to exposure may be better explained by low‐quality caregiving. Implications are that substance‐exposed children, and nonexposed children with comparable social risk, are likely to need intervention to enhance maternal sensitivity and involvement to improve psychiatric outcomes.
Preparation of core‐shell biodegradable microfibers for long‐term drug delivery
Authors: Huang Hui‐Hua , He Chuang‐Long , Wang Hong‐Sheng , Mo Xiu‐Mei 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA coaxial electrospun technique to fabricate core‐shell microfibers (MFs) for drug delivery application is described. In one‐step, Paclitaxel (PTX)‐loaded poly(L‐lactic acid‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (75:25) (P(LLA‐CL)(core/shell)) was electrospun into MFs using 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol as the solvent. The physical and chemical properties of electrospun fibers were characterized by various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, and Fourier‐transform infrared. The fiber diameter depended on both the polymer concentration and the flow ratio of PTX to P(LLA‐CL). The encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release profile were measured using high performance liquid chromatography methods. PTX released from the MFs in a short burst over 24 h followed by very slow release over the following 60 days. In addition, the cytotoxicity of PTX‐loaded P(LLA‐CL) MFs was evaluated using 3‐[4,5‐dimehyl‐2‐thiazolyl]‐2, 5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide assay on HeLa cell lines. These results indicate that PTX could be released from P(LLA‐CL) fibers in a steady manner and effectively inhibit the activity of HeLa cells. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009.