bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contamination of Cord Blood with Maternal Blood During Delivery
Authors: Milam J. D. , Reeves A. E. , Bush R. W. , Gardner H. L. 
Published: October 2009

Mixed field agglutination was observed during the ABO grouping of two infants and in the Rh typing of another when using cord blood. Retyping of the babies' blood was performed with blood obtained by heel stick. Kleihauer stains were performed on cord blood smears in two cases. The additional studies revealed that the cord was contaminated with maternal blood in each case. It is postulated that contamination may occur by either of two mechanisms: 1) Maternal blood on the exterior of the umbilical cord may inadvertently drip into the collection container; or 2) during labor maternal blood may enter cord vessels because of retroplacental hemorrhage and rents in the placenta.Cord blood mixed with maternal blood may lead to mistyping of the infant, and because of the absence of preformed alloagglutinins in the newborn misgrouping may not be detected by compatibility testing.
Altered Filterability of CPD‐Stored Sickle Trait Donor Blood
Authors: Hipp M. J. , Scott R. B. 
Published: October 2009

Previous studies have shown that in sickle trait (AS) donor blood very little sickling is visible. AS donor blood was evaluated by a method of blood filtration, which would be sensitive to intracellular gellation of S hemoglobin which might not be evident morphologically. Blood was collected from normal and sickle trait subjects into CPD solution and stored at 4 C. Blood was removed over a 21‐day period and filtered through paper filters at unit gravity and also examined microscopically. Sickling was not evident in saline wet preparations, but was seen in each AS sample in 10 per cent formalin‐saline. At 4, 25, and 37 C, AS blood filtered less rapidly than did normal (P < 0.01). AS blood filterability became progressively prolonged as temperature rose; conversely normal blood filterability shortened with increasing temperature. Over 21 days, AS blood remained less filterable than normals. AS samples with high hemoglobin S percentages filtered significantly more slowly than did those with less S hemoglobin.Recognizing that these studies refer only to blood in vitro, no conclusions are drawn with respect to reversibility of the altered filterability or any possible clinical implications.
Identification of Hemodynamically Unstable Arrhythmias Using Subcutaneous Photoplethysmography
Authors: TURCOTT ROBERT G. , PAVEK TODD J. 
Published: October 2009

Hemodynamic Assessment Using Photoplethysmography. Introduction: Determination of hemodynamic status is central to arrhythmia management in the inpatient setting. In contrast, therapy decisions in implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are based exclusively on the arrhythmia's electrical signature. Hemodynamic sensing in ICDs would allow tailoring of therapy according to perfusion status. Subcutaneous photoplethysmography (PPG) is an attractive technology for this application because it responds to changes in arterial pressure and can be readily incorporated into the housing of implanted devices. This study evaluated the accuracy of PPG in identifying hemodynamically unstable simulated arrhythmias in an animal model.
Methods and Results:
Rapid atrial and ventricular pacing was used to simulate arrhythmias in an acute preparation of 7 healthy dogs. Aortic pressure and subcutaneous PPG were simultaneously recorded. Simulated arrhythmias were defined as hemodynamically unstable if aortic pressure decreased by ≥15 mmHg, marginally unstable if pressure decreased by 5–15 mmHg, and hemodynamically stable if pressure either increased or decreased by no more than 5 mmHg. An average of 56 arrhythmias were simulated in each animal. Changes in pressure and PPG output were highly correlated, with correlation coefficient of 0.7–0.9. Subcutaneous PPG identified hemodynamically unstable episodes with a sensitivity of 100% for 6 subjects and 80% for 1 subject. Specificity was more than 90% for 6 subjects and was 50% for 1 subject.
Conclusions:
Subcutaneous PPG detects hemodynamically unstable simulated arrhythmias in an acute canine preparation. If successfully validated in humans, this technology may allow ICD therapy to be specifically tailored according to the hemodynamic status of the arrhythmia. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 448–454, April 2010)
Adolescent Suicide Risk Screening in the Emergency Department
Authors: King Cheryl A. , O’Mara Roisin M. , Hayward Charles N. , Cunningham Rebecca M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives:  Many adolescents who die by suicide have never obtained mental health services. In response to this, the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention recommends screening for elevated suicide risk in emergency departments (EDs). This cross‐sectional study was designed to examine 1) the concurrent validity and utility of an adolescent suicide risk screen for use in general medical EDs and 2) the prevalence of positive screens for adolescent males and females using two different sets of screening criteria.Methods:  Participants were 298 adolescents seeking pediatric or psychiatric emergency services (50% male; 83% white, 16% black or African American, 5.4% Hispanic). The inclusion criterion was age 13 to 17 years. Exclusion criteria were severe cognitive impairment, no parent or legal guardian present to provide consent, or abnormal vital signs. Parent or guardian consent and adolescent assent were obtained for 61% of consecutively eligible adolescents. Elevated risk was defined as 1) Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire‐Junior [SIQ‐JR] score of ≥31 or suicide attempt in the past 3 months or 2) alcohol abuse plus depression (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test‐3 [AUDIT‐3] score of ≥3, Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale‐2 [RADS‐2] score of ≥76). The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT) were used to ascertain concurrent validity.Results:  Sixteen percent (n = 48) of adolescents screened positive for elevated suicide risk. Within this group, 98% reported severe suicide ideation or a recent suicide attempt (46% attempt and ideation, 10% attempt only, 42% ideation only) and 27% reported alcohol abuse and depression. Nineteen percent of adolescents who screened positive presented for nonpsychiatric reasons. One‐third of adolescents with positive screens were not receiving any mental health or substance use treatment. Demonstrating concurrent validity, the BHS scores of adolescents with positive screens and the POSIT scores of those with positive screens due to alcohol abuse and depression indicated substantial impairment. The addition of alcohol abuse with co‐occurring depression as a positive screen criterion did not result in improved case identification. Among the subgroup screening positive due to depression plus alcohol abuse, all but one (>90%) also reported severe suicide ideation and/or a recent suicide attempt. This subgroup (approximately 17% of adolescents who screened positive) also reported significantly more impulsivity than other adolescents who screened positive.Conclusions:  The suicide risk screen showed evidence of concurrent validity. It also demonstrated utility in identifying 1) adolescents at elevated risk for suicide who presented to the ED with unrelated medical concerns and 2) a subgroup of adolescents who may be at highly elevated risk for suicide due to the combination of depression, alcohol abuse, suicidality, and impulsivity.
Asymptomatic Hypertension in the Emergency Department: A Matter of Critical Public Health Importance
Authors: Levy Phillip D. , Cline David 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAsymptomatic hypertension (HTN) is commonly encountered in the emergency department (ED), but in most circumstances little is done about it. While many factors may contribute to this, the failure to recognize asymptomatic HTN as a public health problem is particularly important. Given the established long‐term consequences of elevated blood pressure (BP), a reconsideration of methods that could enhance surveillance and intervention in the ED is needed. In this article, we discuss the relevant epidemiology of asymptomatic HTN and present a novel approach using a modified version of the Haddon’s matrix to systematically address the challenges that contribute to ineffective screening and suboptimal outcomes.
Metabolic profiling reveals key metabolic features of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Catchpole Gareth , Platzer Alexander , Weikert Cornelia , Kempkensteffen Carsten , Johannsen Manfred , Krause Hans , Jung Klaus , Miller Kurt , Willmitzer Lothar , Selbig Joachim , Weikert Steffen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that metabolic changes play a pivotal role in the biology of cancer and in particular renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, a global metabolite profiling approach was applied to characterize the metabolite pool of RCC and normal renal tissue. Advanced decision tree models were applied to characterize the metabolic signature of RCC and to explore features of metastasized tumours. The findings were validated in a second independent dataset. Vitamin E derivates and metabolites of glucose, fatty acid, and inositol phosphate metabolism determined the metabolic profile of RCC. α‐tocopherol, hippuric acid, myoinositol, fructose‐1‐phosphate and glucose‐1‐phosphate contributed most to the tumour/normal discrimination and all showed pronounced concentration changes in RCC. The identified metabolic profile was characterized by a low recognition error of only 5% for tumour versus normal samples. Data on metastasized tumours suggested a key role for metabolic pathways involving arachidonic acid, free fatty acids, proline, uracil and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These results illustrate the potential of mass spectroscopy based metabolomics in conjunction with sophisticated data analysis methods to uncover the metabolic phenotype of cancer. Differentially regulated metabolites, such as vitamin E compounds, hippuric acid and myoinositol, provide leads for the characterization of novel pathways in RCC.
Biochemical alterations in the palatal processes in fetuses of biotin‐deficient mice
Authors: Watanabe Toshiaki , Suzuki Ai , Ebara Shuhei , Negoro Munetaka , Fukui Toru 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTTo clarify the role of biotin in palatal formation, we investigated the effects of biotin deficiency on the development of palatal processes in mouse fetuses at midgestation. We also investigated protein expressions in the palatal processes. Pregnant mice were given either a biotin‐deficient diet or a biotin‐supplemented (control) diet from day 0 of gestation (dg 0). Some dams in the biotin‐deficient group were changed to a biotin‐supplemented diet on dg 12, 13 or 14. On dg 15, the palatal processes were dissected from these fetuses and their peptides were characterized using two‐dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) system. Regarding Trasler's stage for the growth of the palatal processes in mouse fetuses on dg 15, the average stage of palatal development was 5.83 ± 0.39 in the biotin‐supplemented group, 5.39 ± 0.66 in the dg 13‐supplemented group, and 4.64 ± 0.90 in the biotin‐deficient group. The development of the palatal processes significantly increased in relation to the earlier day of biotin supplementation. In a protein analysis of palatal processes by isoelectro focusing (IEF) and sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), a 19‐kDa spot was confirmed around position at pI 6–7 in the biotin‐supplemented group, but this protein was not present in either the biotin‐deficient group or the dg 13‐supplemented group. From the MS/MS database of peptides, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)‐ribosylation factor 2 (arf2) and α‐crystallin were detected in the mesenchyme of the palatal processes. It is suggested that the expression of these proteins may be downregulated by biotin deficiency, inducing the inhibited development of palatal processes.
Congenital polymicrogyria including the perisylvian region in early childhood
Authors: Takano Tomoyuki , Matsuwake Kumiko , Yoshioka Seiichirou , Takeuchi Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTSix pediatric cases including four infants with congenital polymicrogyria including the perisylvian region are presented herein. Their clinical features were analyzed and compared with patients suffering from congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome (CBPS). Two specific abnormalities were diagnosed as accompanying disorders in two cases, namely Kabuki syndrome and Peters' anomaly. In the other four cases, the pathogenetic etiology was not elucidated. Subtle symptoms, such as choking and drooling became detectable in one case each, and expressive language development was delayed in two patients. A developmental delay became apparent in five cases during the follow‐up period, and epilepsy was observed in one patient with onset at 12 years of age. Our results indicate that the presence of perisylvian polymicrogyria may not always result in the development of oropharyngoglossal dysfunction or dysarthria, although most patients tend to gradually show the onset of developmental disorders. To support cognitive and psychosocial development, an early integrated approach, including not only conventional speech and language therapy, but also various communication methods is essential for patients with congenital polymicrogyria including the perisylvian region.
Inhalation Device Allows Novel Administration of Apomorphine in Men with Erectile Dysfunction—Efficacy and Safety Findings
Authors: Riley Alan , Main Mark , Morgan Frazer 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTIntroductionErectile dysfunction (ED) treatment is greatly influenced by patient preference, and currently available oral therapies do not meet all patients’ needs. New therapies and formulations are therefore being investigated.AimThe aim of this article is to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of inhaled apomorphine, VR004, in men with mild to severe ED.Main Outcome MeasuresEfficacy outcomes were the change in the proportion of positive responses to sexual encounter profile questions, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scores and onset of therapeutic effect. Safety outcomes included a change in vital signs at an orthostatic challenge and adverse events (AEs).MethodsTwo consecutive, multicenter trials each comprised a 4-week no-treatment period and a 12-week “at home” treatment period with regular clinic visits. Patients (N=211 and N=389) were randomized to receive one of three set doses of VR004 (100–300 µg) or matching placebo in each trial. VR004 was administered by a dry-powder inhaler at least once a week.ResultsEfficacy was generally dose dependent. The proportion of per-protocol patients maintaining an erection long enough for successful intercourse increased in all VR004 groups vs. placebo. IIEF scores were higher in the VR004 groups compared with placebo, and the majority of responders achieved an erection within 10 minutes of dosing. The safety profile of VR004 was generally similar to that of placebo, and AEs were mild or moderate in severity. The incidence of treatment-related AEs was dose dependent. Few patients (4%) withdrew because of treatment-related AEs, and the majority of these withdrawals occurred on the day of the stringent orthostatic challenge.ConclusionsThe VR004 system administers low apomorphine doses that are well tolerated without compromising efficacy. This route of administration ensures a rapid onset of action and reproducible efficacy and safety profiles. Inhaled apomorphine is therefore a potential first-line treatment for ED.
Adenosine Deaminase Enzyme Therapy Prevents and Reverses the Heightened Cavernosal Relaxation in Priapism
Authors: Wen Jiaming , Jiang Xianzhen , Dai Yingbo , Zhang Yujin , Tang Yuxin , Sun Hong , Mi Tiejuan , Kellems Rodney E. , Blackburn Michael R. , Xia Yang 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTIntroductionPriapism featured with painful prolonged penile erection is dangerous and commonly seen in sickle cell disease (SCD). The preventive approaches or effective treatment options for the disorder are limited because of poor understanding of its pathogenesis. Recent studies have revealed a novel role of excess adenosine in priapism caused by heightened cavernosal relaxation, and therefore present an intriguing mechanism-based therapeutic possibility.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic effects of adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzyme therapy to lower adenosine in priapism.MethodsBoth ADA-deficient mice and SCD transgenic (Tg) mice display priapism caused by excessive adenosine. Thus, we used these two distinct lines of mouse models of priapism as our investigative tools. Specifically, we treated both of these mice with different dosages of polyethylene glycol–modified ADA (PEG–ADA) to reduce adenosine levels in vivo. At the end points of the experiments, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of PEG–ADA treatment by measuring adenosine levels and monitoring the cavernosal relaxation.Main Outcome MeasuresAdenosine levels in penile tissues were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and cavernosal relaxation was quantified by electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced corporal cavernosal strip (CCS) assays.ResultsWe found that lowering adenosine levels in penile tissues by PEG–ADA treatment from birth in ADA-deficient mice prevented the increased EFS-induced CCS relaxation associated with priapism. Intriguingly, in both ADA-deficient mice and SCD Tg mice with established priapism, we found that normalization of adenosine levels in penile tissues by PEG–ADA treatment relieved the heightened EFS-induced cavernosal relaxation in priapism.ConclusionsOur studies have identified that PEG–ADA is a novel, safe, and mechanism-based drug to prevent and correct excess adenosine-mediated increased cavernosal relaxation seen in two independent priapic animal models, and suggested its therapeutic possibility in men suffering from priapism.
Stereotypical Relations and Utterance Understanding: An Introduction to Xu Sheng‐Huan’s Stereotypical Relation‐Based Approach to Pragmatics
Authors: Bing‐zhang Wu 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn utterance hardly provides adequate information for its understanding, but the stereotypical relations (SRs) suggested by its linguistic components and mode of expression help to complement the explicitly expressed content, thus making the utterance serve its communicative function. Stereotypical relations are a speaker/hearer’s perception and memory of the relations between things in the experiential world. Such relations, once entrenched, are the cognitive device by which humans understand, represent, and express the world. Things in SRs are interdependent; the presence of one entails that of another. Therefore, an utterance implicates the necessary information by SRs to ‘fill up’ the information gap in the context of communication. Stereotypical relations can be characterized in terms of similarity and proximity, both of which are categories of degree.
Quantified Conditionals and Compositionality
Authors: Huitink Janneke 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe interpretation of conditionals in the scope of a quantifier (as in ‘No student will succeed if he goofs off’) presents a troubling puzzle. Either we are forced to abandon the thesis that natural language obeys the compositionality principle, or we must commit to a semantics for conditionals that involves an uncomfortably high degree of stipulation. This article surveys the recent literature on quantified conditionals and aims to pinpoint the issues that stand in the way of a compositional analysis.
Analysis of complement factor H Y402H, LOC387715, HTRA1 polymorphisms and ApoE alleles with susceptibility to age‐related macular degeneration in Hungarian patients
Authors: Losonczy Gergely , Fekete Ágnes , Vokó Zoltán , Takács Lili , Káldi Ildikó , Ajzner Éva , Kasza Márta , Vajas Attila , Berta András , Balogh István 
Published: October 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  Recent studies strongly support the role of genetic factors in the aetiology of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). We investigated the frequency of Tyr402His polymorphism of the complement factor H (CFH) gene, Ser69Ala polymorphism at LOC387715, rs11200638 polymorphism of the HTRA1 gene and different apolipoprotein E (ApoE) alleles in Hungarian patients with AMD in order to determine the disease risk conferred by these factors.Methods:  In a case‐control study, we performed clinical and molecular genetic examination of 105 AMD patients (48 patients in the early and 57 in the late subgroup) and 95 unrelated healthy controls. Detailed patient histories were recorded with the use of a questionnaire focusing on known risk factors for AMD.Results:  In the early AMD subgroup, homozygous CFH, LOC387715 or HTRA1 polymorphisms conferred a 4.9‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7–14.2), 7.4‐fold (95% CI 2.1–26.2) or 10.1‐fold (95% CI 2.5–40.8) risk of disease, respectively. In the late AMD subgroup, carriers of two CFH, LOC387715 or HTRA1 risk alleles were at 10.7‐fold (95% CI 3.7–31.0), 11.3‐fold (95% CI 3.2–40.4) or 13.5‐fold (95% CI 3.3–55.4) greater disease risk, respectively. Two CFH and one LOC387715 risk alleles in combination conferred a 15.0‐fold (95% CI 3.2–71.0) increase in risk, whereas two LOC387715 risk alleles combined with one CFH risk allele was associated with a 14.0‐fold (95% CI 2.1–95.1) increased risk for late AMD. ApoE alleles neither increased disease risk nor proved to be protective.Conclusions:  The CFH, LOC387715 and HTRA1 polymorphisms are strongly associated with the development of AMD in the Hungarian population. The association is particularly pronounced when homozygous risk alleles are present and in the late stages of the disease.
The Challenge of Pluralism and Peace: The Changing Relationships Among the Churches in Colombia1
Authors: Gros Jeffrey 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWhen one church predominates in any society, ecumenism is notoriously difficult. Colombia is no exception. The 1991 Constitution disestablished the Catholic Church and subsequent decisions create a new legal situation for the churches together. These changes, along with the particular Protestant bodies in Colombia, the climate of civil conflict, the unique history of the country and the diversity of its peoples create a new context in which the challenge of ecumenism develops. This essay is an outsider's perspective on the contextual development of ecumenism, its hopes and challenges, in the current situation. The time has come for common witness to replace competition.