bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microarray analysis of differential gene expression in sensitive and resistant pig toEscherichia coliF18
Authors: Bao W. B. , Ye L. , Pan Z. Y. , Zhu J. , Du Z. D. , Zhu G. Q. , Huang X. G. , Wu S. L. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryIn this study, Agilent two‐colour microarray‐based gene expression profiling was used to detect differential gene expression in duodenal tissues collected from eight full‐sib pairs of Sutai pigs differing in adhesion phenotype (sensitivity and resistance toEscherichia coliF18). Using a two‐fold change minimum threshold, we found 18 genes that were differentially expressed (10 up‐regulated and eight down‐regulated) between the sensitive and resistant animal groups. Our gene ontology analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes are involved in a variety of biological processes, including immune responses, extracellular modification (e.g. glycosylation), cell adhesion and signal transduction, all of which are related to the anabolic metabolism of glycolipids, as well as to inflammation‐ and immune‐related pathways. Based on the genes identified in the screen and the pathway analysis results, real‐time PCR was used to test the involvement ofST3GAL1andAgenes (of glycolipid‐related pathways),SLA‐1andSLA‐3genes (of inflammation‐ and immune‐related pathways), as well as the differential genesFUT1,TAP1andSLA‐DQA. Subsequently, real‐time PCR was performed to validate seven differentially expressed genes screened out by the microarray approach, and sufficient consistency was observed between the two methods. The results support the conclusion that these genes are related to theE. coliF18 receptor and susceptibility to E. coli F18.
The development of the Tuebingen Cushing’s disease quality of life inventory (Tuebingen CD‐25). Part II: normative data from 1784 healthy people
Authors: Milian Monika , Teufel Philipp , Honegger Juergen , Gallwitz Baptist , Schnauder Guenter , Psaras Tsambika 
Published: November 2011

SummaryObjective  In part I of the study, a health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) inventory for Cushing’s disease (CD), the Tuebingen Cushing‐25 quality of life inventory (Tuebingen CD‐25) was developed. In this second part, we aimed to assess normative data from healthy controls (HC) with which the individual patients’ scores can be compared.Design  Cross‐sectional study.Participants  Sixty‐three patients with CD (52 women, 11 men) and 1784 HC (1210 women, 574 men) filled out the Tuebingen CD‐25.Measurements  HC received the inventory as a nondisease‐specific quality of life questionnaire omitting the introductory sentence ‘Because of my Cushing’s disease’ which was included in the CD group to be able to compare HRQoL in persons with and without CD. Slight and severe impairments were categorized according to the following principles: percent ranges >84·0% were classified as slight and percent ranges >95·0% as severe impairment.Results  In 28·6% of our patients with CD, we found slight and in 41·3% severe impairment in the Total Score of the Tuebingen CD‐25 compared with HC. Less than one‐third of our patient sample presented with unimpaired HRQoL. In the patient population, impairment was found in all scales of the Tuebingen CD‐25 to a similar extent (P = 0·444), pointing to the fact that all HRQoL domains are similarly impaired. We observed that female patients perceived a worse HRQoL than men in the domains depressive symptoms and social environment (P < 0·05).Conclusion  The Tuebingen CD‐25 is a feasible instrument to assess HRQoL in CD in a clinical and investigative setting and provides normative data for all age groups and genders.
Impact of vitamin D‐related serum PTH reference values on the diagnosis of mild primary hyperparathyroidism, using bivariate calcium/PTH reference regions
Authors: Fillée Catherine , Keller Thomas , Mourad Michel , Brinkmann Thomas , Ketelslegers Jean‐Marie 
Published: November 2011

SummaryBackground, objective  An international consensus conference underlined the importance of defining upper parathyroid hormone (PTH) reference values based on 25‐OH‐vitamin D [25(OH)D] to diagnose mild primary hyperparathyroidism. We determined the importance of this factor in a Belgian population.Design, patients, methods  Intact PTH and 25(OH)D were measured in 261 healthy controls (18–65 years, winter/summer). They were classified as 25(OH)D replete (50–153 nmol/l; n = 129) or deplete (8–50 nmol/l; n = 132). PTH was determined in 49 patients with surgically proven primary hyperparathyroidism. PTH thresholds for 95% specificities and corresponding sensitivities were computed from both 25(OH)D replete and deplete receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The 95% bivariate reference ellipses, relating PTH to calcium for 25(OH)D replete and deplete controls, were compared to the PTH/calcium pairs of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.Results  Parathyroid hormone correlated with 25(OH)D (r = −0·3232; P < 0·0001). PTH normative values were 20% lower in 25(OH)D replete than deplete controls (P < 0·0001). PTH thresholds, providing 95% specificities for primary hyperparathyroidism diagnosis, were 7·6 pmol/l and 5·8 pmol/l, using ROC curves derived from 25(OH)D deplete or replete controls, respectively. Corresponding sensitivities were of 56%vs 88%, respectively (P < 0·05). The 95% PTH/calcium bivariate reference ellipses for?deplete and replete 25(OH)D controls differed, but the PTH/calcium pairs of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism did not overlap these ellipses.Conclusion  For a given specificity, primary hyperparathyroidism diagnostic parathyroid hormone thresholds were lower and sensitivities higher using ROC curves, derived from 25(OH)D replete vs deplete controls. The 25(OH)D status does not affect the efficiency of primary hyperparathyroidism diagnosis, using bivariate PTH/calcium reference density ellipses.
Consistent temperature dependence of respiration across ecosystems contrasting in thermal history
Authors: Perkins Daniel M. , Yvon‐Durocher Gabriel , Demars Benoît O.L. , Reiss Julia , Pichler Doris E. , Friberg Nikolai , Trimmer Mark , Woodward Guy 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEcosystem respiration is a primary component of the carbon cycle and understanding the mechanisms that determine its temperature dependence will be important for predicting how rates of carbon efflux might respond to global warming. We used a rare model system, comprising a network of geothermally heated streams ranging in temperature from 5 °C to 25 °C, to explore the nature of the relationship between respiration and temperature. Using this ‘natural experiment’, we tested whether the natal thermal regime of stream communities influenced the temperature dependence of respiration in the absence of other potentially confounding variables. An empirical survey of 13 streams across the thermal gradient revealed that the temperature dependence of whole‐stream respiration was equivalent to the average activation energy of the respiratory complex (0.6–0.7 eV). This observation was also consistent for in‐situ benthic respiration. Laboratory experiments, incubating biofilms from four streams across the thermal gradient at a range of temperatures, revealed that the activation energy and Q10 of respiration were remarkably consistent across streams, despite marked differences in their thermal history and significant turnover in species composition. Furthermore, absolute rates of respiration at standardised temperature were also unrelated to ambient stream temperature, but strongly reflected differences in biofilm biomass. Together, our results suggest that the core biochemistry, which drives the kinetics of oxidative respiratory metabolism, may be well conserved among diverse taxa and environments, and that the intrinsic sensitivity of respiration to temperature is not influenced by ambient environmental temperature.
Super‐resolution microscopy reveals cell wall dynamics and peptidoglycan architecture in ovococcal bacteria
Authors: Wheeler Richard , Mesnage Stéphane , Boneca Ivo G. , Hobbs Jamie K. , Foster Simon J. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryCell morphology and viability in Eubacteria is dictated by the architecture of peptidoglycan, the major and essential structural component of the cell wall. Although the biochemical composition of peptidoglycan is well understood, how the peptidoglycan architecture can accommodate the dynamics of growth and division while maintaining cell shape remains largely unknown. Here, we elucidate the peptidoglycan architecture and dynamics of bacteria with ovoid cell shape (ovococci), which includes a number of important pathogens, by combining biochemical analyses with atomic force and super‐resolution microscopies. Atomic force microscopy analysis showed preferential orientation of the peptidoglycan network parallel to the short axis of the cell, with distinct architectural features associated with septal and peripheral wall synthesis. Super‐resolution three‐dimensional structured illumination fluorescence microscopy was applied for the first time in bacteria to unravel the dynamics of peptidoglycan assembly in ovococci. The ovococci have a unique peptidoglycan architecture and growth mode not observed in other model organisms.
Associations between grip strength of parents and their 4‐year‐old children: findings from the Southampton Women's Survey
Authors: Inskip Hazel , Macdonald‐Wallis Corrie , Kapasi Tasneem , Robinson Siân , Godfrey Keith , Cooper Cyrus , Harvey Nicholas , Aihie Sayer Avan ,   the Southampton Women's Survey Study Group
Published: November 2011

SummaryInskip H, Macdonald‐Wallis C, Kapasi T, Robinson S, Godfrey K, Cooper C, Harvey N, Sayer AA, the Southampton Women's Survey Study Group. Associations between grip strength of parents and their 4‐year‐old children: findings from the Southampton Women's Survey. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2012; 26: 27–33.Relationships between birthweight and grip strength throughout the life course suggest that early influences on the growth and development of muscle are important for long‐term muscle function. However, little is known about parental influences on children's grip strength. We have explored this in the Southampton Women's Survey, a prospective general population cohort study from before conception through childhood. Grip strength was measured using a Jamar handgrip dynamometer in the mother at 19 weeks' gestation and her partner, and in the child at age 4 years. Pre‐pregnancy heights and weights were measured in the mothers; reported weights and measured heights were available for the fathers.Complete data on parents and children were available for 444 trios. In univariable analyses, both parents' grip strengths were significantly associated with that of the child (r = 0.17, P < 0.001 for mothers; r = 0.15, P = 0.002 for fathers). These correlations were similar to that between the grip strength of the mothers and the fathers (r = 0.17, P < 0.001). In the multivariable model, after adjustment for child's height and physical activity, the correlations with the child's grip strength were attenuated, being 0.10 (P = 0.02) and 0.11 (P = 0.01) for mothers' and fathers' grip strength respectively. The findings show that grip strength of each parent is associated with that of the child, indicating that heritable influences and the shared family environment influence the development of muscle strength. This contributes to our understanding of the role of heritable and environmental factors on early muscle growth and development, which are important for muscle function across the life course.
Inhibition of 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 by carbenoxolone affects glucose homeostasis and obesity in db/db mice
Authors: Dhanesha Nirav , Joharapurkar Amit , Shah Gaurang , Kshirsagar Samadhan , Dhote Vipin , Sharma Ajay , Jain Mukul 
Published: November 2011

Summary1. One of the major causes of metabolic syndrome is elevated 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β‐HSD1) in the liver and adipose tissue. High 11β‐HSD1 expression contributes significantly to the diabetic phenotype in db/db mice. The purpose of the present study was to test the effect of the pharmacological inhibition of 11β‐HSD1 inhibition by carbenoxolone in db/db mice, a genetic model of diabetes.2. Inhibition of 11β‐HSD1 by carbenoxolone was evaluated in liver homogenates obtained from untreated mice. At 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 μmol/L, carbenoxolone reduced the conversion of cortisone to cortisol by 21%, 48%, 82% and 95%, respectively.3. In another series of experiments in which female db/db mice were dosed orally with carbenoxolone (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg, twice daily) for 10 days, dose‐dependent decreases were observed in 11β‐HSD1 activity in the brain, adipose and liver. In the case of 10 mg/kg carbenoxolone, the effects were not significant. In addition, the bodyweight of female db/db mice was reduced by 10% and 13% following treatment with 10 and 50 mg/kg carbenoxolone, respectively. Carbenoxolone treatment dose‐dependently improved fat mass, energy expenditure, the serum lipid profile, serum leptin and insulin and glucose tolerance. Furthermore, 50 mg/kg carbenoxolone reduced both phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase) activity in the liver by 75% and 52%, respectively. These decreases were associated with increased glucokinase protein expression and activity in the liver.4. Carbenoxolone inhibition of 11β‐HSD1 in the liver, adipose and brain significantly improves the symptoms of metabolic syndrome in db/db mice. These improvements can be attributed to increased energy expenditure, decreased activity of the gluconeogenic enzymes PEPCK and G6Pase in the liver and improved glucokinase function in the liver and pancreas.
Resistance, mobilization and militancy: nurses on strike
Authors: Briskin Linda 
Published: November 2011

BRISKIN L. Nursing Inquiry 2012; 19: 285–296  Resistance, mobilization and militancy: nurses on strikeDrawing on nurses’ strikes in many countries, this paper explores nurse militancy with reference to professionalism and the commitment to service; patriarchal practices and gendered subordination; and proletarianization and the confrontation with healthcare restructuring. These deeply entangled trajectories have had a significant impact on the work, consciousness and militancy of nurses and have shaped occupation‐specific forms of resistance. They have produced a pattern of overlapping solidarities – occupational solidarity, gendered alliances and coalitions around healthcare restructuring – which have supported, indeed promoted, militancy among nurses, despite the multiple forces arrayed against them. The professional commitments of nurses to the provision of care have confronted healthcare restructuring, nursing shortages, intensification of work, precarious employment and gendered hierarchies with a militant discourse around the public interest, and a reconstitution and reclamation of ‘caring’, what I call the politicisation of caring. In fact, nurses’ dedication to caring work in the late twentieth and early twenty‐first centuries may encourage rather than dissuade them from going on strike. This paper uses a trans‐disciplinary methodology, qualitative material in the form of strike narratives constructed from newspaper archives, and references to the popular and scholarly literature on nursing militancy.
Types and development pathways of lateral line scales in some teleost species
Authors: Voronina Elena P. , Hughes Dianne R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractVoronina, E.P. and Hughes, D.R. 2011. Types and development pathways of lateral line scales in some teleost species. —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 00: 1–13.A comparative study of lateral line scales (lls) in nine teleost species was undertaken to trace their ontogenetic structural changes. Three universal characters were used to describe and classify definitive and developing lls. The four main structural types in teleosts are represented. In adult fish, lls are the same structural type in all parts of lateral line in any one specimen, but number of tubules and their orientation may vary. In juvenile fish, except for one species, the structural type of every lls changes with growth, and this process progresses along the lateral line in the direction of development typical for the species. Definitive structural type of the lls is not determined by common scale type and size, presence or absence of nerve foramen on lls, scale overlapping or time of initiation of scales and trunk canal. Development pathways are proposed in which terminal states correspond to the final development of the most complex lls type in Cyprinus carpio, Carassius carassius, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Diplodus annularis and Mullus barbatus. The intermediate states of these pathways correspond to other types of lls as examples of pedomorphosis in Perca fluviatilis, Sander lucioperca, Symphysodon aequifasciatus and Hippoglossoides platessoides.
A UK public health perspective: what is a healthy sustainable diet?
Authors: Riley H. , Buttriss J. L. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe main constituents of a healthy diet are generally accepted but which dietary patterns are both healthy and sustainable? This is proving a complex question to answer given the many challenges that face the global food system, particularly the need to produce more food with fewer resources to feed the world's growing population. It is likely that change to the current UK diet could help ease the pressure on the global food system but it is important that this is balanced with the physiological requirement of nutrients for health. Therefore, the challenge ahead is to identify dietary patterns that provide us with the many nutrients we need for health, in appropriate amounts, that are also equitable, affordable and sustainable. This paper explores the challenges for the global food system and public health in providing a healthy diet for the expanding population, how UK diets may need to change to ensure they are both healthy and sustainable, and the challenges of changing people's diets. Although the issues are complex, it is essential that action is taken now to ensure a sustainable and healthy global food supply for future generations.
The food industry perspective: a collection of case studies
Authors: Lunn J. , Howie M. , Hughes C. , Fenwick H. , Read L. , Richardson A. , Casson R. , O’Kennedy E. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe food industry sectors of food manufacturing, food retail and food service have a key role to play in helping address the challenges that face the global food system. These sectors have the ability to influence both the supply and demand for food, owing to their close interactions with primary food producers and consumers.In recent years, many food businesses have accepted the challenge and identified their role in ensuring a sustainable global food supply for future generations. Many of these businesses have outlined their priorities for action in this area in corporate responsibility plans, many of which are publicly available, and have put substantial resources into research and development. Many have also instigated food‐ and nutrition‐related initiatives to make their products more ‘sustainable’.This article includes a selection of case studies from companies across the food industry sectors. These case studies, written by company personnel, illustrate the breadth of food and nutrition‐related initiatives that are currently being undertaken by food businesses to help secure a sustainable global food supply for the future.
Comparative Political Economy of Long‐Term Care for Elderly People: Political Logic of Universalistic Social Care Policy Development
Authors: Hieda Takeshi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDespite there being common socio‐demographic pressures across advanced industrialized countries, the public elder care programmes therein tend to vary. While the current literature on social care devotes itself to describing the care arrangements of each country and pigeonholing welfare/gender regime types, it does not sufficiently address this empirical puzzle. This study looks to specify the causal relationship between political institutions and public long‐term care programmes. It argues that countries with personal‐vote‐oriented electoral systems and/or fragmented party systems have difficulties in developing universalistic public elder care programmes, whereas countries with party‐vote‐oriented electoral systems and cohesive party systems are likely to develop generous elder care programmes. For whilst the former types of political institutions prioritize patronage‐based, particularistic benefits, the latter types encourage political actors to appeal to broader constituencies through universalistic welfare programmes. This study tests this claim by examining pooled time‐series and cross‐section data of advanced democracies, from 1980 until 2001. The empirical results suggest that politicians' reliance on personal votes and the fragmentation of ruling coalitions impede the expansion of public spending for elder care.
An epidemiological study of ADHD symptoms among young persons and the relationship with cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and illicit drug use
Authors: Gudjonsson Gisli H. , Sigurdsson Jon Fridrik , Sigfusdottir Inga Dora , Young Susan 
Published: November 2011

Background:  This study investigates the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and cigarette smoking, alcohol use and illicit drug use.Method:  The participants were 10,987 pupils in the final three years of their compulsory education in Iceland (ages 14–16 years). The participants completed questionnaires in class relating to anxiety, depression and antiestablishment attitudes, ADHD symptoms, smoking, alcohol consumption and illicit drug use.Results:  Of the total sample, 5.4% met screening criteria for ADHD. Smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use were significantly related to ADHD symptoms. In addition, the number of different illicit drugs consumed was significantly higher among the ADHD symptomatic than the nonsymptomatic participants, including the illicit use of sedatives. The main distinguishing illicit drug substances were lysergic acid diethylamide (odds ratio or OR = 8.0), cocaine (OR = 7.5), mushrooms (OR = 7.1) and amphetamines (OR = 6.5). Logistic multiple regressions showed that after controlling for gender and school grade, ADHD symptoms predicted smoking, alcohol use and illicit drug use independent of anxiety, depression and antiestablishment attitudes. In addition, poly‐substance use was linearly and incrementally related to ADHD symptoms with a large effect size.Conclusions:  The findings underscore the vulnerability of young persons with ADHD symptoms to smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use, possibly as a means of self‐medication, and emphasize a need for early identification and treatment to reduce the risk of escalation.