bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mediating role of physical self‐concept on relations between biological maturity status and physical activity in adolescent females
Authors: Cumming Sean P. , Standage Martyn , Loney Tom , Gammon Catherine , Neville Helen , Sherar Lauren B. , Malina Robert M. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe current study examined the mediating role of physical self‐concept on relations between biological maturity status and self‐reported physical activity in adolescent British females. Biological maturity status, physical self‐concept and physical activity were assessed in 407 female British year 7–9 pupils (M age = 13.2 years, SD = 1.0). Participants completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (Kowalski, Crocker, & Donen, 2004) and the Children and Youth Physical Self‐Perceptions Profile (Whitehead, 1995). Percentage of predicted adult height attained at measurement was used as an estimate of biological maturity status. Structural equation modelling using maximum likelihood estimation and bootstrapping procedures revealed that perceptions of sports competence, body attractiveness and physical self‐worth mediated an inverse relation between maturity status and physical activity. The results provide partial support for Petersen and Taylor’s (1980) Mediated Effects Model of Psychological and Behavioural Adaptation to Puberty within the context of physical activity.
Multimodal therapeutic assessment of peripheral nerve stimulation in neuropathic pain: Five case reports with a 20‐year follow‐up
Authors: Kupersl Ron , Van Laerel Koen , Van Calenberghl Frank , Gybelsl Jan , Dupontl Patrick , Baeckl Annelies , Plaghkil Leon 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNeuropathic pain following peripheral nerve lesion is highly resistant to conventional pain treatments but may respond well to direct electrical peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS). In the 1980 s, we treated a series of 11 peripheral neuropathic pain patients with PNS. A first outcome assessment, conducted after a 52‐month follow‐up, revealed that the majority of the patients were significantly improved. Here, we present the results of a second and more comprehensive follow‐up, conducted after more than 20 years of PNS usage. Of the six patients still using PNS, five participated in a multimodality assessment of the long‐term efficacy of PNS. Home evaluations showed reduced pain ratings and improved quality‐of‐life during active periods of stimulation. Quantitative sensory testing confirmed the neuropathic character of the pain complaints. PNS had no significant overall effect on tactile detection, cool, warmth, cold pain and heat pain thresholds. Laser‐evoked potentials showed an enlarged N2–P2 complex during active PNS. Positron Emission Tomography revealed that PNS decreased activation in the pain matrix at rest and during thermal stimulation. PNS led to increased blood flow not only in primary somatosensory cortex, but also in anterior cingulate and insular cortices, suggesting that besides activation of the dorsal column lemniscal system, other mechanisms may play a role in its analgesic effects. These data show that PNS can provide truly long‐term pain relief in carefully selected patients and they provide some objective quantitative data in support of this. They encourage the planning of future prospective studies in a larger cohort of patients.
Paleoproterozoic basaltoids in the North Baikal volcanoplutonic belt of the Siberian craton: age and petrogenesis
Authors: Shokhonova M.N. , Donskaya T.V. , Gladkochub D.P. , Mazukabzov A.M. , Paderin I.P. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The oldest igneous rocks in the Paleoproterozoic (~1.88–1.85 Ga) North Baikal postcollisional volcanoplutonic belt of the Siberian craton are the basaltoids of the Malaya Kosa Formation (Akitkan Group). The youngest are the composite (dolerite–rhyolite) and doleritic dikes cutting the granitoids of the Irel’ complex and the felsic volcanic rocks of the Khibelen Formation (Akitkan Group). The position of Malaya Kosa basaltoids in the Akitkan Group section and published geochronological data on the felsic volcanic rocks overlying Malaya Kosa rocks suggest that their age is ~1878 Ma. The rhyolites from the center of a composite dike were dated by the U–Pb zircon method at 1844 ± 11 Ma, and the dolerites in the dikes are assumed to be coeval with them. Malaya Kosa basaltoids correspond to high-Mg tholeiites and calc-alkaline andesites, whereas the dolerites in the dikes correspond to high-Fe tholeiites. Geochemically, these basaltoids and dolerites are both similar and different. As compared with the dolerites, the basaltoids are poorer in TiO2 (an average of 0.89 vs. 1.94 wt.%), Fe2O3* (9.54 vs. 14.71 wt.%), and P2O5 (0.25 vs. 0.41 wt.%). However, these rocks are both poor in Nb but rich in Th and LREE, εNd(T) being negative. According to petrographic and geochemical data, they derived from compositionally different sources. It is assumed that the basaltoids originated from subduction-enriched lithospheric mantle, whereas the dolerites originated from refractory lithospheric mantle metasomatized by subduction fluids. The isotopic and geochemical features of mafic rocks in the North Baikal belt are well explained by their formation during crustal extension which followed subduction and collision in the region. The early stages of postcollisional extension evidenced the melting of subduction-enriched lithospheric mantle with the formation of parent melts for Malaya Kosa basaltoids. At the final stages of the formation of the North Baikal belt, during the maximum crustal extension, Fe-enriched melts rose to the surface and generated the dolerites of the dikes.
The history of the Karagas Supergroup evolution in the Biryusa region: synthesis of paleomagnetic and sedimentological data
Authors: Metelkin D.V. , Blagovidov V.V. , Kazansky A.Yu. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
We summarize the results of paleomagnetic and sedimentological studies of the Neoproterozoic rhythmic terrigenous-carbonate rock unit in the Karagas Supergroup, which were carried out in the middle reaches of the Biryusa and Uda Rivers. The paleomagnetic data are presented along with a detailed description of the studied sections and the specific sedimentological characteristics of the studied deposits. The new data refine the position of Late Precambrian paleomagnetic poles in Siberia and mark the paleogeographic and facies features of the rock unit formation. They also show that the rock unit was deposited much more rapidly than it was supposed earlier, in the environment of shallow-water sea basin on the margin of the Siberian continent. The origin and evolution of the Karagas sedimentary basin was governed by both global and regional tectonic factors. We suppose that the onset of the basin can be linked to a tectonic event, namely, the opening of ocean in southern Siberia during the break-up of Rodinia. Regional tectonic processes controlled the position of the Karagas sedimentary basin and its evolution. The position of the mean paleomagnetic pole (Plat = 3.9°, Plong = 292.3°, A95 = 7.1°) confirms the corresponding interval of the Neoproterozoic trend of APWP in Siberia and proves the near-equatorial position of the continent in Karagas time.
Prostaglandin E2 production in synovial tissue and acute postoperative pain after knee arthroscopy
Authors: Solheim Nina , Halvorsen Bente , Rosseland Leiv Arne , Stubhaug Audun 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Postsurgical inflammation leads to sensitisation of “sleeping” nociceptors, which enhance pain perception and induce hyperalgesia. Prostaglandin E2 plays a central role in this process. Synovial microdialysis technique allows analyses of biological markers of local inflammation simultaneous with a close follow up of the patient’s pain experience. Tissue injury (or surgery) initiates liberation of inflammatory mediators and hyperalgesic substances. This project is translational and aims at exploring the relationship between perceived acute postoperative pain and inflammation. Microdialysis of synovial tissue and pain score after arthroscopy is of special interest to study since the natural pain course and the local inflammation can be observed in patients with no analgesic therapy.

Methods
This is a clinical observational study of local inflammatory mediators and perceived pain in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy in general anesthesia with propofol, remifentanil and fentanyl. Microdialysis of the synovial membrane was performed in all patients every 20 min for 140 min postoperatively (seven samples). At the same intervals PGE2 was measured and correlated with patients report of pain intensity on a 0–100mm visual analogue scale (VAS).

Results
Five patients (1 female, 4 male) who did not receive any non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs or paracetamol were included. The pain intensity was 1–34mmVAS and the PGE2 levels were from 293 pg/ml to 5818 pg/ml. Maximum pain score (mean 23 and SD 12mm VAS) and PGE2 levels (mean 2026 pg/ml and SD 1380 pg/ml) occurred about 40 min after surgery. Correlation analysis shows a significant correlation (R = 0.48, p = 0.004).

Conclusion
This pilot study indicates a positive correlation between postoperatively perceived pain and local PGE2 concentration.
Pigs in pain—Porcine behavioural responses towards mechanical nociceptive stimulation directed at the hind legs
Authors: Herskin Mette S. , Rasmussen Julie S. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Objectives
In recent years, pigs are used increasingly for biomedical translational research and often considered superior to rodent models. However, only very few pain assays for quantification of behavioural nociceptive responses are available for pigs. This experiment is part of a larger project aiming at developing pain assays for pigs, and the present aim was to examine behavioural responses towards mechanical cutaneous stimulation applied to the caudal part of the metatarsus on the hind legs of pigs using an IITC Electronic von Frey Anesthesiometer.

Methods
Nine slaughter pigs (bodyweight 54 ± 0.7 kg) were subjected to handheld nociceptive mechanical stimulation using the electronic von Frey anesthesiometer (max 1000 g). The animals were kept in one group and tested while slightly fixated in a testroom, to which they had been habituated. Each nociceptive test consisted of 4 single stimulations.

Results
The animals responded behaviourally after single stimulations of 12–1000 g (8% censored) and had a mean threshold for leg movements of 540 ± 85 g. Neither the type of behavioural responses (four categories from slight leg movements to kicking) nor the mechanical threshold was affected by successive stimulations (517 ± 126, 413 ± 84, 598 ± 97 and 499 ± 122 g, for first to fourth stimulation, respectively) or differed between right and left leg (522 ± 86 g vs. 492 ± 64 g, respectively). No correlations between mechanical thresholds and behavioural responses were found.

Conclusion
The results show that pigs respond behaviourally to mechanical von Frey stimulation directed at the hind legs, and suggest that responses were not affected by successive stimulations.
The Frequency shift of an extraordinary (X) wave propagating through plasma
Authors: SHAHRASSAI L. , KHOSRAVI H. , SOBHANIAN S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe frequency shift is obtained for an extraordinary electromagnetic wave propagating through plasma as function of an external magnetic field. A linear theory is used here to calculate the frequency shift, and the numerical results are given for typical laboratory fusion plasma. A limit case where the wave is propagating through rarefied plasma in the presence of some weak magnetic field is also studied. Estimation is given on the basis of some simplifying approximation for the frequency upshift of a type III radio bursts interacting with the Earth's magnetosphere.
Retinal input to efferent target amacrine cells in the avian retina
Authors: LINDSTROM SARAH H. , AZIZI NASON , WELLER CYNTHIA , WILSON MARTIN 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe bird visual system includes a substantial projection, of unknown function, from a midbrain nucleus to the contralateral retina. Every centrifugal, or efferent, neuron originating in the midbrain nucleus makes synaptic contact with the soma of a single unique amacrine cell, the target cell (TC). By labeling efferent neurons in the midbrain, we have been able to identify their terminals in retinal slices and make patch-clamp recordings from TCs. TCs generate Na+-based action potentials (APs) triggered by spontaneous EPSPs originating from multiple classes of presynaptic neurons. Exogenously applied glutamate elicited inward currents having the mixed pharmacology of NMDA, kainate, and inward rectifying AMPA receptors. Exogenously applied GABA elicited currents entirely suppressed by GABAzine and therefore mediated by GABAAreceptors. Immunohistochemistry showed the vesicular glutamate transporter, vGluT2, to be present in the characteristic synaptic boutons of efferent terminals, whereas the GABA synthetic enzyme, GAD, was present in much smaller processes of intrinsic retinal neurons. Extracellular recording showed that exogenously applied GABA was directly excitatory to TCs and, consistent with this, NKCC, the Cl−transporter often associated with excitatory GABAergic synapses, was identified in TCs by antibody staining. The presence of excitatory retinal input to TCs implies that TCs are not merely slaves to their midbrain input; instead, their output reflects local retinal activity and descending input from the midbrain.
Protective effects of polyphenolics in red wine on diabetes associated oxidative/nitrative stress in streptozotocin‐diabetic rats
Authors: Drel Viktor R , Sybirna Nataliya 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIncreased accumulation of NT (3‐nitrotyrosine) and PARylated [poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ated] proteins in the tissues of diabetics are associated with diabetes complications (diabetes neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy). Red wine (its polyphenols are considered to be the main active components) can act as ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavengers, iron chelators and enzyme modulators. This study is novel in investigating the effect of red wine in preventing the accumulation of NT and PARylated proteins in the sciatic nerve, DRG (dorsal root ganglia), spinal cord, kidney and retina of diabetic animals. We have shown that during the experiment the body weight of control and diabetic groups of rats with consumption of red wine was significantly increased, by 52% and 19% accordingly. The significant increase in the content of NT in the sciatic nerve, DRG, spinal cord, kidney and retina, and PARylated proteins in the sciatic nerve, renal glomeruli and retinae of diabetic rats was partly or completely prevented by treatment with red wine. Red wine and its polyphenol preparations might be a promising option in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications.
Inside the experience of anorexia nervosa: A narrative thematic analysis
Authors: Ross James Alistair , Green Charlotte 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim: This study considers the question of whether inpatient admission for anorexia nervosa was a therapeutic experience for two women with chronic anorexia nervosa. The question of whether inpatient admission for anorexia nervosa can be therapeutic is not answerable through existing research evidence. Method: The women were interviewed about their experience of having anorexia, its impact on their lives and the treatment they received. The interviews involved learning about the women's experiences by listening to their stories rather than asking them direct questions about what has been therapeutic about their treatment. Analysis: Their narratives were used to develop understanding grounded in experience and were analysed using a narrative thematic analysis. Ideas, themes and connections were noted but not coded as found in some forms of thematic analysis. Discussion: Consideration is given to the therapeutic qualities of the treatments the women received and the place of therapeutic inpatient admission. The central theme of this research was ‘relationships’ which indicates the use of therapeutic approaches that emphasise the importance of the therapeutic relationship in the treatment of chronic anorexia nervosa. It is suggested that psychodynamic and attachment theories should be used to inform overall treatment models. Some important issues for service provision and areas for further research are identified.
Natural variation in priming of basal resistance: from evolutionary origin to agricultural exploitation
Authors: AHMAD SHAKOOR , GORDON‐WEEKS RUTH , PICKETT JOHN , TON JURRIAAN 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYBiotic stress has a major impact on the process of natural selection in plants. As plants have evolved under variable environmental conditions, they have acquired a diverse spectrum of defensive strategies against pathogens and herbivores. Genetic variation in the expression of plant defence offers valuable insights into the evolution of these strategies. The ‘zigzag’ model, which describes an ongoing arms race between inducible plant defences and their suppression by pathogens, is now a commonly accepted model of plant defence evolution. This review explores additional strategies by which plants have evolved to cope with biotic stress under different selective circumstances. Apart from interactions with plant‐beneficial micro‐organisms that can antagonize pathogens directly, plants have the ability to prime their immune system in response to selected environmental signals. This defence priming offers disease protection that is effective against a broad spectrum of virulent pathogens, as long as the augmented defence reaction is expressed before the invading pathogen has the opportunity to suppress host defences. Furthermore, priming has been shown to be a cost‐efficient defence strategy under relatively hostile environmental conditions. Accordingly, it is possible that selected plant varieties have evolved a constitutively primed immune system to adapt to levels of disease pressure. Here, we examine this hypothesis further by evaluating the evidence for natural variation in the responsiveness of basal defence mechanisms, and discuss how this genetic variation can be exploited in breeding programmes to provide sustainable crop protection against pests and diseases.
Replacing the acetyl linkage in aspirin with choline and magnesium moieties reduces the occurrence of gastric mucosal injury
Authors: DANESH B. J. Z. , NELSON L. M. , RUSSELL R. I. , DOCHERTY C. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe acetyl moiety in aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid: ASA) is considered to play a major part in the pathogenesis of ASA‐induced mucosal injury. At equivalent salicylate doses and pH values, the induction of acute gastric mucosal haemorrhagic erosions in rats by ASA and choline magnesium trisalicylate (CMT), a new non‐acetylated salicylate, with and without the potentiating damaging effect of taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) were compared. Test solutions were administered byper oralintubation to five groups of fasting Sprague–Dawley rats (n= 24). Gastric mucosa were examined after 4 hours and mucosal injury assessed by a lesion‐scoring system. The incidence and severity (median lesion scores with quartiles) of the lesions were 83% and 13 (7:20) respectively for ASA (128 mg kg−1) compared with 17% and 0 (0:0) for CMT (128 mg kg−1) (P< 0.001 andP< 0.001). TDCA increased mucosal damage to 100% and 29 (20:34) for ASA compared with 30% and 0 (0:4) for CMT (P < 0.001) and P < 0.001). Serum salicylate levels (median values of 1.4 for ASA and 1.5 mmol litre−1for CMT) were not significantly different. It is concluded that replacing the acetyl moiety in ASA with choline and magnesium moieties reduces the ASA‐induced mucosal injury, without affecting blood salicylate concentrations.
The effects of intravenous famotidine on pentagastrin‐stimulated gastric secretion in man
Authors: DE GARA C. J. , BURGET D. W. , CHREMOS A. N. , SILLETTI G , HUNT R. H. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYEight healthy male volunteers were each studied on four occasions in a 7 hour double‐blind, placebo‐controlled experiment. Three continuous 6 hour intravenous (i.v.) infusion rates of famotidine, calculated to achieve steady‐state plasma concentrations of 10, 30 and 90 ng ml−1, were compared to placebo. Commencing at the third study hour, hourly incremental step‐up i.v. infusions of pentagastrin 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 μg kg−1. hour were administered on each of the four study days. Hourly blood samples were taken for the subsequent determination of plasma famotidine concentration. The three famotidine infusion rates inhibited basal gastric secretion. Pentagastrin‐stimulated secretion was inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner. The highest dose of famotidine (38.7 μg kg−1 hour) inhibited each infusion rate of pentagastrin‐stimulated gastric secretion between 92 and 96 %. The lowest dose of famotidine (4.3 μg kg−1, hour) inhibited pentagastrin 0.1 μg kg−1. hour stimulated secretion by 50% but, when stimulated with pentagastrin 2.0 μg kg−1.hour, gastric secretion was inhibited by only 25%. This study indicates that the intravenous preparation of famotidine is a potent inhibitor of pentagastrin‐stimulated gastric acid secretion.
Review; post‐marketing surveillance of the safety of cimetidine—the problems of data interpretation
Authors: JONES D. G. COLIN , LANGMAN M. J. S. , LAWSON D. H. , VESSEY M P. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYExperience obtained during post‐marketing surveillance of the safety of cimetidine emphasizes the difficulties in interpretation posed by the high background frequency of disease of all types in drug takers. The multiple sources of confounding factors, and their high prevalence, make it impossible to detect adverse events which mimic ordinary disease, particularly when a consistent relationship between adverse event and drug exposure is not observed. The inclusion of controls emphasizes the difficulties but does not ease interpretation.
Prednisolone absorption in inflammatory bowel disease: correlation with anatomical site and extent
Authors: RODRIGUES C. A. , NABI E. M. , SPILIADIS C , MCINTYRE P. B. , PHONGSATHORN V. , LENNARD‐JONES J. E. , ROSEN A. , WILLOUGHBY J. M. T. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYPrednisolone absorption was studied in 13 normal subjects, eight patients with ulcerative colitis and 21 patients with Crohn's disease, by measuring plasma levels after a single oral dose. Absorption of the drug was delayed in all patient groups. The peak plasma level of the drug was lower in patients with extensive small bowel Crohn's disease. Patients in this category may need higher doses of oral prednisolone than other patients with inflammatory bowel disease.