bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum for quantum duffing oscillator and small‐divisor equation with large‐variable coefficient
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Yuan Xiaoping 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBy establishing a new estimate of the solutions for the small‐divisor equation with large variable coefficients and using the KAM technique, we prove a reduction theorem that entails the pure point nature of the Floquet spectrum of the quantum Duffing oscillator with a small perturbation temporal quasi‐periodic with nonresonant frequencies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perspectives on the onset of delusions
Authors: Rhodes John , Jakes Simon 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThere are many descriptions in the research literature of the onset of delusions in psychosis: it is still not clear however whether there is one specific pathway to delusions or in fact several, and the role of social difficulties remains controversial. In this research we wished to explore the first person perspective of participants who had developed delusions. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to interview and analyse themes from 28 participants. An additional matrix analysis of themes was used to examine the importance of social difficulties in relation to types of onset and diagnoses. Our results suggest 3 types of onset: an eruptive sudden transformation of self or world; a slow progressive onset characterised by interconnected changes in meaning and experience; and onset beginning in childhood experience. Social difficulties were mentioned spontaneously by 17 participants in describing onset and a further 9 discussed social difficulties when explicitly asked. One feature that appears to be present both in the progressive and childhood onset is negative emotion about, and preoccupation with, a difficult interpersonal topic over long periods of time. The descriptions given suggest that certain ideas or images could take hold of a person and become interwoven in his or her thinking and perhaps even begin to influence the way the person experienced the world or self. We suggest that it may be important for therapeutic work with delusions to articulate a narrative of onset. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:

Exploring the onset of delusions can lead to useful information about social and emotional difficulties.
Most patients are able to give detailed accounts of onset, though some might only describe social and emotional difficulties if prompted.
Reported changes in experience and/or social difficulties may have occurred for some patients over many years and may even begin in childhood.
There may be a process of mutual influence between extreme negative ideas and experience over years for some patients.
Identification of B cells through negative gating—An example of the MIFlowCyt standard applied
Authors: Blimkie Darren , Fortuno Edgardo S. , Thommai Francis , Xu Lixin , Fernandes Elaine , Crabtree Juliet , Rein‐Weston Annie , Jansen Kirstin , Brinkman R. R. , Kollmann Tobias R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPolychromatic flow cytometric analysis takes advantage of the increasing number of available fluorophores to positively identify and simultaneously assess multiple parameters in the same cell (1). Additional parameters may be analyzed through negative identification (i.e., through exclusion of particular stains or antibodies employed). In this report, we tested whether such negative‐gating strategy would identify human B lymphocytes in innate immune phenotyping studies. To this end, B cells were identified as the negatively‐stained subpopulation from the CD123 vs. CD11c plot of the CD14neg‐low, MHC IIhigh human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To test the specificity of this negative gating approach, we confirmed that negatively gated B cells indeed expressed CD19, the bona fide marker for human B cells. However, a small number of unidentified cells were contained in the negatively‐gated B cells. Furthermore, a small percentage cells expressing markers used to identify monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) coexpressed CD19. This identifies such negative B‐cell gating approach as potentially problematic. When applied to the analysis of Toll‐like receptors (TLR) stimulation experiments, we were however able to interpret the results, as B‐cells respond to TLR stimulation in a qualitative different pattern as compared to monocytes and DC. This report is presented in a manner that is fully compliant with the Minimum Information about a Flow Cytometry Experiment (MIFlowCyt) standard, which was recently adopted by the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC) (2) and incorporated in the publishing policies of Cytometry and other journals. We demonstrate how a MIFlowCyt‐compliant report can be prepared with minimal effort, and yet provide the reader with a much clearer picture of the portrayed FCM experiment and data. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Rationale for the real‐time and dynamic cell death assays using propidium iodide
Authors: Zhao Hong , Oczos Jadwiga , Janowski Pawel , Trembecka Dominika , Dobrucki Jurek , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew , Wlodkowic Donald 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe have recently reported an innovative approach to use charged fluorochromes such as propidium iodide (PI) in the real‐time, dynamic cell viability assays. This study was designed to provide a mechanistic rationale for the kinetic assays using cell permeability markers. Uptake of PI by live cells, effect on the cell cycle, long‐term proliferation capacity, DNA damage response, and pharmacologic interactions with anticancer drugs were studied using both laser scanning microscopy and laser scanning cytometry. Exposure of human carcinomic alveolar basal epithelial A549 cells in cultures to 1.5 or 7.5 μM of PI for 24 h had minimal effect on cell cycle progression including DNA replication as measured by incorporation of 5′‐ethynyl‐2‐deoxyuridine (EdU) detected by the “click chemistry” approach and measured by laser scanning cytometry. A modest reduction, from 44 to 40% or 33%, in frequency of DNA replicating cells was seen after 48 h at 1.5 or 7.5 μM concentration of PI. There was no evidence of increased phosphorylation of histone γH2AX in cells growing in the presence of 1.5 or 7.5 μM of PI for up to 48 h. Confocal image analysis of HeLa and NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts growing in the presence of PI showed granular distribution in cell cytoplasm suggesting PI accumulation in endosomes and progressive increase in fluorescence of nucleoli reflecting PI binding to nucleolar RNA. The overall responses of cells to cytotoxic agents were also not affected by the growth in the presence PI. Our data lend further support to the notion that PI can be effectively used in real‐time, kinetic viability assays. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Rapid detection and identification of counterfeit of adulterated products of synthetic phosphodiesterase type‐5 inhibitors with an atmospheric solids analysis probe
Authors: Twohig Marian , Skilton St. John , Fujimoto Gordon , Ellor Nicholas , Plumb Robert S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe market success of the three approved synthetic phosphodiesterase type‐5 (PDE‐5) inhibitors for the treatment of erectile dysfunction has led to an explosion in counterfeit versions of these drugs. In parallel a large market has developed for herbal products claimed to be natural alternatives to these synthetic drugs. The herbal products are heavily advertised on the internet and are freely available to purchase without prescription. Furthermore, adulteration of these supposed natural medicines is a very common and serious phenomenon. Recent reports have shown that the adulteration has extended to the analogues of the three approved synthetic PDE‐5 inhibitors.An Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe (ASAP) was used for the direct analysis of the counterfeit pharmaceuticals and herbal products. Using the ASAP combined with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) it was possible to detect fraudulent counterfeit tablets. The physical appearance of the pills resembled the pills from the original manufacturer but contained the wrong active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Detecting adulteration for five herbal supplements marketed as natural alternatives to PDE‐5 inhibitors was also possible using the ASAP. Three types of adulteration were found in the five samples: adulteration with tadalafil or sildenafil, mixed adulteration (tadalafil and sildenafil), and adulteration with analogues of these drugs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a high sensitivity bioanalytical method for alprazolam using ultra‐perfor‐mance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Mather Joanne , Rainville Paul D. , Potts III Warren B. , Smith Norman W. , Plumb Robert S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA rapid, specific, assay was developed for the benzodiapine alprazolam in rat plasma using sub‐2 µm particle liquid chromatography (LC) and tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The limit of quantification using protein precipitation was determined to 10 pg/mL, whereas the limit of quantification using solid‐phase extraction (SPE) was determined to be 1.0 pg/mL. The assay was optimized for throughput and resolution of the analyte of interest from the hydroxy metabolite. During the method development process the plasma matrix signal was monitored, for lipids and other endogenous metabolites, to maximize signal response and minimize ion suppression. This was achieved by using a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a novel collision cell design which allowed for the simultaneous collection of full scan MS and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) data. The lipid profile from the SPE process was significantly less than obtained with the protein precipitation approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transgene excision in zebrafish using the phiC31 integrase
Authors: Lister James A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSingle optical section of a 72 hour post‐fertilization T2K‐XpGbR (EF1‐alpha‐attP‐GFP‐attB‐DsRed‐Express) transgenic zebrafish larva obtained by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Injection of phiC31 integrase messenger RNA at the one‐cell stage induces recombination of the transgene in a mosaic fashion, resulting in excision of the green fluorescent protein cassette and expression of DsRed fluorescent protein. Here recombination is evident in the lens and neuromasts of the anterior lateral line. See the article by Lister in this issue.
Enantiodivergent Approach to Trifluoromethylated Amines: A Concise Route to Both Enantiomeric Analogues of Calcimimetic NPS R‐568
Authors: Fernández Inmaculada , Valdivia Victoria , Alcudia Ana , Chelouan Ahmed , Khiar Noureddine 
Published: February 2010

AbstractReported herein is a straightforward and enantiodivergent synthesis of both enantiomers of trifluoromethylated analogues of calcimimetic NPS R‐569 in a highly estereoselective manner. The synthesis features a diastereoselective synthesis of the N‐(isopropylsulfinyl)imine unit by the “DAG methodology” and a diastereoselective addition of Ruppert–Prakash's reagent to the imine as the key steps. No protecting groups were necessary, permitting an atom economic synthesis in only six steps. Further addition reactions of the CF3 anion to different N‐(isopropylsulfinyl)imines were performed to demonstrate the suitability of the sulfinyl substituent to balance perfectly reactivity and diastereoselectivity.
Ketopinic Acid Derived Bis(hydroxy amides) as Cheap, Chiral Ligands for the Enantioselective Ethylation of Aromatic Aldehydes
Authors: de las Casas Engel Tomás , Lora Maroto Beatriz , de la Moya Cerero Santiago 
Published: February 2010

AbstractReadily accessible, C2‐ and pseudo‐C2‐symmetric bis(hydroxy amides), derived from commercially available (+)‐ketopinic acid and protic diamines, are promising, cheap, chiral ligands for the synthetically valuable, enantioselective addition of organozinc reagents to carbon electrophiles. A series of ligands of this type, having key structural differences, has been synthesized and tested in the enantioselective ethylation of benzaldehydes and (E)‐cinnamaldehyde, in order to gain information on the origin of ligand efficiency. The results obtained allow for the definition of a privileged structural pattern for the design of improved cheap ligands and support interesting models proposed for both the acting catalytic species and the controlling transition states. The most efficient ligands proved to be less efficient than commercially available (–)‐MIB; nevertheless, an impressive efficiency level was obtained, which should sustain interest in this cheap type of ligands.
Spectroelectrochemical Study of 9‐Substituted Acridines with Potential Antitumor Activity
Authors: Marian Iuliu O. , Bonciocat Nicolae , Cristea Cecilia , Săndulescu Robert , Bucşa Monica , Vlassa Mircea 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical behavior of 9‐substituted with CN and COOH acridine N‐oxides with potential antitumor activity was investigated. In SER spectra of the investigated compounds, the ring stretching vibration at 1568 cm−1 for 9‐CN‐substituted compound respectively 1639 cm−1 for 9‐COOH‐substituted compound was analyzed. Cyclic voltammograms indicates that the reduction potential −0.766 V for CN substituted compound increase towards −0.745 V for COOH substituted compound. The proposed theoretical method in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy uses a reference redox dielectrode and a multielectrode containing the compound. To account for the change of electrochemical impedance we have considered two theoretical quantities: a pseudocapacitance and a pseudo inductance. Two possible arrangements of them: in series, respective in parallel can be used like criteria of drug classification.
A New Electrochemical Method for the Determination of Proteins with Cupferron‐Cadmium(II) Complex
Authors: Hui Ni , Wang Jiasheng , Sun Wei 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA new electrochemical method was proposed for the determination of trace amounts of proteins based on the cupferron (Cup) and cadmium(II) complex [Cup‐Cd(II)] as the voltammetric probe. In the selected pH 6.5 Britton–Robinson (B–R) buffer solution, Cup can interact with Cd(II) to form a stable complex of [Cup‐Cd(II)], which had a sensitive linear sweep voltammetric reductive peak at −0.654 V (vs. SCE). The addition of human serum albumin (HSA) into [Cup‐Cd(II)] complex solution could greatly decrease the reductive peak current without the change of the reductive peak potential, which indicated that HSA could interact with [Cup‐Cd(II)] complex to form a supramolecular biocomplex. The interaction mechanism was discussed and the decrease of reductive peak current was proportional to the concentration of HSA, which could be further used for the proteins determination. The optimal conditions of the binding reaction and the electrochemical detection were carefully investigated. Under the optimal conditions a new quantitative determination method for different kinds of proteins such as HSA, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bovine hemoglobin (BHb) etc. was developed. The proposed method was simple, practical and relatively free from the interferences of coexisting substances, and it was further applied to the samples determination with satisfactory results. The binding constant (βs) and the binding number (m) of HSA with [Cup‐Cd(II)] complex were calculated by the voltammetric data with the results as βs=1.12×106 and m=1.
Electrochemical Redox Behavior of Omeprazole Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Jorge S. M. A. , Pontinha A. D. R. , Oliveira‐Brett A. M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe electrochemical redox behavior of omeprazole (OMZ), a gastric acid pump inhibitor, was investigated at a glassy carbon electrode using cyclic, differential pulse and square‐wave voltammetry over a wide pH range. The pH‐dependent oxidation occurs in two irreversible consecutive charge transfer reactions. Adsorption of the nonelectroactive product was also observed. The first oxidation involves removal of one electron, followed by deprotonation and leads to the formation of a hydroxylated species. The second oxidation process is related to the hydroxyl and amino groups in the benzimidazole moiety. The reduction is irreversible, also pH‐dependent, and occurs in a single step at the sulfoxide group in a diffusion‐controlled mechanism. The diffusion coefficient of omeprazole was calculated to beDOMZ=2.31×10−6 cm2s−1.
Direct Electrochemistry of Glucose Oxidase on Nail‐like Carbon and Its Biosensing for Glucose
Authors: Li Kuangtian , Liu Bin , Zheng Jianbin , Sheng Qinglin , Liu Ruixiao 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNail‐like carbon (NLC) was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. It was the first time that a novel electrochemical biosensing of glucose was explored based on the glucose oxidase (GOx)‐NLC‐chitosan (CHIT) glassy carbon electrode. Morphology and structure of NLC were characterized by scanning electron microscope; meanwhile the chemical composition was determined by X‐ray diffraction and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The cyclic voltammetry of immobilized GOx showed a pair of quasireversible redox peaks with the formal potential (E°′) of −0.458 V and the peak‐to‐peak potential separation was 47 mV at a scan rate of 100 mV s−1. The present biosensor has a linear range of glucose from 0.02 to 1.84 mM (correlation coefficient of 0.9991) and detection limit of 0.01 mM (S/N=3). Compared with the previous reports based on the carbon material biosensor, it has a high sensitivity of 165.5 μA mM−1 cm−2 and low apparent Michaelis–Menten constant of 0.506 mM. Thus, the NLC may have potential applications in the field of bioelectrochemistry, bioelectronics and biofuels.
Improved Performance of an Amperometric Biosensor with Polydiaminonaphthalene on Electrochemically Deposited Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Noh Hui‐Bog , Kumar Pankaj , Biswas Tapan Kumar , Kim Duk‐Soo , Shim Yoon‐Bo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe performance of an enzyme sensor fabricated through covalent bond formation on the HRP‐bonded poly(1,8‐diaminonaphthalene) (polyDAN) layer with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was applied to catalyze the electrochemical reduction of H2O2. The surface characteristics of the sensor probe were studied using cyclic voltammetry, SEM, XPS, QCM, and impedance spectroscopy. The AuNP‐deposited surface resulted in higher conductivity and sensitivity for H2O2 detection in phosphate buffer solution. A linear calibration plot was obtained in the H2O2 concentration range between 10.0 μM and 25.0 mM with detection limit 5.0±1.25 μM. The lifetime of HRP/polyDAN/AuNP/GC probe was over 70 days without response loss.
Character impact odorants from wild mushroom (Lactarius hatsudake) used in Japanese traditional food
Authors: Miyazawa Mitsuo , Kawauchi Yumi , Matsuda Naoki 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe components of the volatile oil from wild mushroom (Lactarius hatsudake), used in Japanese traditional food, were analysed and quantified for the first time by capillary GC and GC–MS. Seventy‐six components were separated from the oil and of these 71 components were identified. The main components of the oil were oxidized sesquiterpenes [cis‐isolongifolanone (624.9 μg/100 g), α‐cedrene epoxide (578.7 μg/100 g), humulene epoxide III (453.9 μg/100 g), clovane (425.4 μg/100 g)], aliphatic acids [linoleic acid (585.9 μg/100 g) and palmitoleic acid (333.3 μg/100 g)]. Odour evaluation of the volatile oil from L. hatsudake was also carried out using GC–MS/olfactometry (GC–MS/O) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), from which it was found that hexanal, 4‐dehydroviridiflorol, myliol and phenylacetaldehyde seem to contribute to the green, spicy and sweet odour of L. hatsudake. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectrally accurate method for analysis of stationary flows of second‐order fluids in rough micro‐channels
Authors: Mohammadi A. , Floryan J. M. , Kaloni P. N. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA spectral method for the analysis of stationary flows of second‐order fluids in rough micro‐channels is developed. The algorithm employs a fixed computational domain with the boundaries of the flow domain being located inside the computational domain. The physical boundary conditions are enforced using the immersed boundary conditions concept. The algorithm relies on the Fourier expansions in the flow direction and the Chebyshev expansions in the transverse direction. Various tests confirm spectral accuracy of the algorithm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stratigraphic separation diagrams as a tool for determining fault geometry in a folded and thrusted region: an example from the Barrandian region, Czech Republic
Authors: Knížek Martin , Melichar Rostislav , Janečka Jiří 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe stratigraphic separation diagram (SSD) is an often neglected tool of fault analysis, which assists with the interpretation of both the fault‐surface geometry and the mechanism of faulting. As the SSD needs to evaluate displacement or separation along the fault, this particular method can be used only in areas with well‐documented stratigraphic sequences. This paper presents details of some common patterns obtained when using SSDs and also discusses some real examples of two apparently similar faults found in the Barrandian area in the Czech Republic. Although both the Prague and the Tachlovice faults in the Barrandian area seem to be of the same character (the same strike, remarkable stratigraphic separation, similar localization in the Prague Synform), the SSDs of these two faults demonstrate the difference in fault surface geometries and consequently a very distinct mechanism of origin. The Tachlovice Fault is one of the main thrusts in the Prague Synform. It has ramp‐flat geometry and is associated with fault‐related folds. The Prague Fault, on the other hand, was formed later, after the initial folding, and belongs to a group of steep translatory faults. It is shown how SSDs are practical, effective tools for the analysis of these types of faults and associated stratigraphies without the need of 3D seismics or boreholes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SAR and pharmacophore models for the rhodanine inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum enoyl‐acyl carrier protein reductase
Authors: Kumar Gyanendra , Banerjee Tanushree , Kapoor Neha , Surolia Namita , Surolia Avadhesha 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSignificance of type II fatty acid synthase pathway in the life cycle of malarial parasite has long been established. Enoyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase of Plasmodium falciparum (PfENR) is the rate determining enzyme of its elongation module. Hence, PfENR has been a target for the development of antimalarials as well as vaccines. Towards this endeavour, we had recently identified rhodanine class of compounds as inhibitors of PfENR. Here, we report a number of new inhibitors belonging to this class. These inhibitors have been divided into two broad subclasses: rhodanine‐furans and rhodanine‐phenyls. The inhibitory activity of all compounds was determined against purified PfENR. IC50 of these compounds were found to be in nanomolar to low‐micromolar range. The structure–activity relationship of both the classes has been explored in detail for the first time. Separate 3D pharmacophore models for this enzyme have been generated for both rhodanine furans and phenyls. The pharmacophore model for rhodanine furan has a Hydrogen bond donor, two Hydrogen bond acceptors, two metal ligators, three hydrophobic, and two aromatic ring features, whereas the pharmacophore model for the phenyl subclass has two hydrogen bond donors, two hydrogen bond acceptor, a metal ligator, two hydrophobic, and two aromatic ring features. These models could be used for in silico screening of compound libraries for PfENR inhibitors. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(3): 204–213, 2010