bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The new indirubin derivative inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase‐3, 6‐BIDECO and 6‐BIMYEO, prevent tau phosphorylation and apoptosis induced by the inhibition of protein phosphatase‐2A by okadaic acid in cultured neurons
Authors: Martin Ludovic , Magnaudeix Amandine , Wilson Cornelia M. , Yardin Catherine , Terro Faraj 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAlterations in glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β) and protein phosphatase‐2A (PP2A) have been proposed to be involved in the abnormal tau phosphorylation and aggregation linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Interconnections between GSK3β and PP2A signaling pathways are well established. Targeting tau kinases was proposed to represent a therapeutic strategy for AD. However, which tau kinases should be blocked and to what extent, keeping in mind that kinases have physiological roles? Because most kinase inhibitors are relatively specific and many of them interfere with the cell cycle, it is necessary to develop more specific tau kinase inhibitors devoid of cell toxicity. Here, we used the PP2A inhibition by okadaic acid (OKA) in primary cultured cortical neurons as an in vitro model of increased tau phosphorylation and apoptosis. We tested the effects of two newly characterized indirubin derivative inhibitors of GSK3, 6‐BIDECO (6‐bromoindirubin‐3′‐[O‐(N,N‐diethylcarbamyl)‐oxime] and 6‐BIMYEO (6‐bromoindirubin‐3′‐[O‐(2‐morpholin‐1‐ylethyl)‐oxime] hydrochloride) on OKA‐induced tau phosphorylation and neuronal apoptosis. Both compounds exhibit higher selectivity toward GSK3 compared with other tau kinases (for 6‐BIDECO, IC50 is 0.03 μM for GSK3, >10 μM for CDK1, and 10 μM for CDK5; for 6‐BIMYEO, IC50 is 0.11 μM for GSK3, 1.8 μM for CDK1, and 0.9 μM for CDK5). We show that 6‐BIDECO and 6‐BIMYEO used at micromolar concentrations are not neurotoxic and potently reversed tau phosphorylation and apoptosis induced by OKA. The neuroprotection by these compounds should be further validated in animal models of AD. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A crystallization conditions study of the Ti‐doped barium hexaferrite powders synthesized with the glass crystallization technique for microwave applications
Authors: Quiroz P. , Halbedel B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFor microwave applications Titanium doped M‐type hexagonal ferrites have been synthesized by means of glass crystallization technique varying the crystallization parameters and the melt doping concentrations. The chosen melt dopings were x = 5.4 and 7.2 mole‐% TiO2 with the following basic composition (mole‐%): 40 BaO + 33 B2O3 + (27‐x) Fe2O3 + x TiO2. We have studied the dependencies between the magnetic properties, the valence of the iron ions in the glasses and the powders, the formation of new dielectric phases and the microwave absorption. After the Ti4+ ions substitutions, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy changed, this effect was observed in the static magnetic properties (JHC and MS) measured using a vibration sample magnetometer. Furthermore the Ti4+ ions preferably occupy mainly the 2a as well as slightly the 2b sites in the lattice of the barium hexaferrite, which are studied using Mössbauer spectroscopy. Besides, the X‐ray diffraction studies proved that the formation of the ferrimagnetic (BaFe12‐xTixO12) and dielectric (BaTi6O13) phases are dependent on the crystallization parameters. The controlled influencing of lattice sites occupation and of the Fe2+ content in the ferrimagnetic phase as well as the controlled formation of the dielectric phase rate during the annealing are possibilities to optimize the microwave absorption of Ti‐doped barium hexaferrite powders synthesized by glass crystallization technique.
Evaluation of drug efflux transporter liabilities of darifenacin in cell culture models of the blood–brain and blood–ocular barriers
Authors: Miller Donald W. , Hinton Martha , Chen Fang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAimsThe objective of the present study was to evaluate drug efflux transporter interactions of darifenacin and examine the impact of such transporter interactions on darifenacin permeability in an in vitro model of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and blood–ocular barrier (BOB).MethodsCell membranes expressing human P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), multidrug resistance‐associated protein (MRP), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) were examined for ATPase activity following darifenacin exposure (0–10 µM). Primary cultured bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells (BBMEC) and P‐gp transfected Manin–Darby canine kidney epithelial cells (MDCKMDR1) were used to examine darifenacin permeability and drug efflux transporter responses.ResultsConcentration‐dependent increases in ATPase activity was observed in P‐gp membranes following darifenacin exposure. Both MRP and BCRP membrane preparations were unresponsive to darifenacin. Studies in both BBMEC and MDCKMDR1 monolayers confirmed a P‐gp interaction for darifenacin and significantly greater efflux (basolateral to apical) permeability for darifenacin that was reduced by the P‐gp inhibitor, elacridar.ConclusionsDarifenacin is a substrate for the P‐gp drug efflux transporter present in both BBB and BOB. The P‐gp drug efflux transporter liabilities of darifenacin may limit its penetration into brain and ocular tissue thereby reducing side effect potential. Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1633–1638, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Botulinum toxin outcomes for idiopathic overactive bladder stratified by indication: Lack of anticholinergic efficacy versus intolerability
Authors: Makovey Iryna , Davis Tanya , Guralnick Michael L. , O'Connor R. Corey 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAimsTo determine if the outcomes of intradetrusor botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) injections for the management of refractory overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms are different if performed due to lack of anticholinergic efficacy versus medication intolerability.MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed on all patients undergoing intradetrusor BTX‐A (BOTOX®, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA) injections from 2004 to 2010 for the management of refractory idiopathic OAB with or without urge incontinence. All patients failed anticholinergic medications due to either lack of efficacy or intolerable side effects. Patient outcomes following BTX‐A injections (150–200 units) were compared based on the primary reason for discontinuing anticholinergic medications (lack of efficacy vs. intolerability). Successful BTX‐A injections were defined as those producing symptomatic OAB improvement warranting future repeat injections upon return of symptoms.ResultsA total of 85 patients were included in the study. Overall, 58/85 (68%) reported symptomatic improvement following BTX‐A injections. Successful outcomes were reported in 34/57 (60%) patients treated secondary to lack of anticholinergic efficacy versus 24/28 (86%) due to intolerable side effects (P = 0.02).ConclusionsBTX‐A injections are more successful in patients with anticholinergic intolerability as compared to patients with poor medication efficacy (86% vs. 60%, P = 0.02). Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1538–1540, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hospitalised ischaemic cerebrovascular accident and risk factors in a primary care database
Authors: Martín‐Merino Elisa , Ruigomez Ana , Johansson Saga , García‐Rodríguez Luis‐Alberto 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeIschaemic cerebrovascular accident (ICVA) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Identification of risk factors can reduce its incidence. We aim to estimate the incidence rate (IR) of hospitalised ICVA in the general population by sex and quantify its risk associated with several factors.MethodsWe followed up 907 001 individuals aged 40–84 years during a mean of 3.63 years to ascertain the first episode of hospitalised ICVA between 2000 and 2004 using a UK primary care database. We evaluated the risk factors for ICVA through unconditional logistic regression (OR) with a nested case–control analysis, using 2953 incident cases and 10 000 random controls frequency‐matched by age, sex and year.ResultsThe IR of hospitalised ICVA was 1.94 (95%CI: 1.87–2.01) per 1000 person‐years in men and 1.59 (95%CI: 1.53–1.65) in women. The IR ratio adjusted by age was 1.35 (95%CI: 1.28–1.43). Major risk factors for the first ICVA were atrial fibrillation (AF) (OR of 1.96 (95%CI: 1.59–2.42) for men and 3.54 (95%CI: 2.85–4.39) for women), smoking, epilepsy and hypertension. AF patients on anticoagulant therapy presented a reduced risk of ICVA (OR: 0.39; 95%CI: 0.27–0.56) in both sexes. Hypertensive women that discontinued the treatment had an increased risk (OR: 2.53; 95%CI: 1.63–3.91).ConclusionsMen had higher incidence of hospitalised ICVA than women. AF was the major risk factor for ICVA (more in women than men), followed by smoking. Among AF patients, those under anticoagulant therapy showed a significant reduced risk of first ICVA. Antihypertensive drug discontinuation increased the risk of ICVA among women. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composite Truss Bridges: new trends, design and research
Authors: Reis António , Oliveira Pedro José J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDevelopments and new trends in composite truss bridges are reviewed, and recent designs are presented for road and railway bridges. The structural scheme may range from a continuous truss girder to a cable‐stayed bridge with a double deck for both road and rail traffic.Composite decks with 3D tubular triangular trusses for road bridges are discussed; design issues are outlined and some results for the elastoplastic redistribution of internal forces at ULS, based on recent numerical and experimental research studies, are presented.Recent designs of skew semi‐through composite trusses, for High Speed Railway, are reported in what concerns the dynamic behaviour under traffic loading and the stability of the compressed chord. The Base Case Design of a cable‐stayed bridge, 540 m long main span, with a double composite truss deck, for the new railroad crossing of the Tagus River in Lisbon, is discussed.
Effectiveness of Pre‐counseling Genetic Education Workshops at a Large Urban Community Health Center Serving Low‐Income Chinese American Women
Authors: Sim Shao‐Chee , Zhou Xiaojie Diana , Hom Laureen D. , Chen Christine , Sze Rebecca 
Published: August 2011

AbstractChinese American pregnant women and women of childbearing age face economic, cultural and linguistic barriers in accessing mainstream health care services. The Charles B. Wang Community Health Center developed a culturally and linguistically competent genetic education workshop for high‐risk Chinese American prenatal patients. Patients referred for genetic counseling for thalassemia, abnormal triple screen results, and/or advanced maternal age were recruited to participate in the workshop. The workshop provided basic “genetic 101” education, focusing on topics that were directly relevant to the patients’ reasons for referral. The effectiveness of the workshop was measured using a quasi‐experimental design with pre‐post surveys administered to intervention and control group participants. The evaluation also included a genetic counselor assessment and a pilot study of genetic counseling appointment length. Overall, workshop participants showed significant increases in knowledge, positive attitude and self‐efficacy regarding genetic services as compared to their control group counterparts. The pilot appointment length study data revealed that the workshop reduced the length of the genetic counseling appointment time by 40%. These positive findings suggest that it would be worthwhile to replicate the genetic education workshop at other health agencies serving Chinese‐speaking populations and that further evaluation research should be conducted.
Investigation of the Stability of Quaternary Ammonium Methyl Carbonates
Authors: Weisshaar Duane E. , Earl Gary W. , Amolins Michael W. , Mickalowski Kyle L. , Norberg Justin G. , Rekken Brian D. , Burgess Angela M. , Kaemingk Bethany D. , Behrens Katherine C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractQuaternary ammonium compounds are used commercially for a variety of applications and some are of interest as ionic liquids. For many years dimethyl carbonate has been touted as a green reagent, including its use for methylation (quaternization) of tertiary amines. In addition, substitution of the methyl carbonate by other anions can be efficiently and cleanly accomplished by reaction with the corresponding acid. How stable are these methyl carbonate quaternary compounds? High field 13C NMR shows that in the presence of water, the methyl carbonate is converted to bicarbonate. Headspace GCMS indicates that the alkylammonium methyl carbonate salts are stable below 170–180 °C while the bicarbonate salts are stable to only about 140 °C. Thermal decomposition occurs by decarboxylation and by dealkylation.
Early physical exercise and seizure susceptibility later in life
Authors: Gomes da Silva Sérgio , de Almeida Alexandre Aparecido , Silva Araújo Bruno Henrique , Scorza Fulvio Alexandre , Cavalheiro Esper Abrão , Arida Ricardo Mario 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe conducted a study to examine whether physical exercise undertaken during the period of postnatal brain development could modify seizure susceptibility later in life. Male Wistar rats aged 21 postnatal days (P21) were divided into two groups: exercise and control. Animals in the exercise group were submitted to daily exercise on the treadmill between P21 and P60. Running time and speed gradually increased over this period, reaching a maximum of 18 m/min for 60 min. After the final exercise session (P60), animals from exercise group were maintained non‐trained for 90 days. This “period without stimulus” was used to observe the influence of early physical exercise on susceptibility to seizures induced by the pilocarpine model of epilepsy at P150. The results showed that the exercise program undertaken during the period of postnatal brain development delayed the onset and reduced the intensity of pilocarpine‐induced motor symptoms in midlife rats. These findings suggest that early exercise interferes positively in the later ictogenesis process, and support the hypothesis that physical activity in early life may build a neural reserve against brain disorders.
Increases in mitochondrial biogenesis impair carcinogenesis at multiple levels
Authors: Wang Xiao , Moraes Carlos T. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAlthough mitochondrial respiration is decreased in most cancer cells, the role of this decrease in carcinogenesis and cancer progression is still unclear. To better understand this phenomenon, instead of further inhibiting mitochondrial function, we induced mitochondrial biogenesis in transformed cells by activating the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs)/peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma co‐activator 1α (PGC‐1α) pathways. This was achieved by treating the cells with bezafibrate, a PPARs panagonist that also enhances PGC‐1α expression. We confirmed that bezafibrate treatment led to increased mitochondrial proteins and enzyme functions. We found that cells with increased mitochondrial biogenesis had decreased growth rates in glucose‐containing medium. In addition, they became less invasive, which was directly linked to the reduced lactate levels. Surprisingly, even though bezafibrate‐treated cells had higher levels of mitochondrial markers, total respiration was not significantly altered. However, respiratory coupling, and ATP levels were. Our data show that by increasing the efficiency of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system, cancer progression is hampered by decreases in cell proliferation and invasiveness.
Hip Strength and Knee Pain in High School Runners: A Prospective Study
Authors: Finnoff Jonathan T. , Hall Mederic M. , Kyle Kelli , Krause David A. , Lai Jim , Smith Jay 
Published: August 2011

ObjectiveTo determine whether pre‐injury hip muscle weakness is associated with the development of patellofemoral pain (PFP) in high school running athletes.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingAcademic institution sports medicine center.ParticipantsHigh school running athletes.MethodsBaseline hip strength of high school running athletes was assessed at the beginning of the running season. Strength testing was repeated in athletes who developed PFP. Peak hip muscle strengths and strength ratios were compared between the injured and non‐injured groups.ResultsSix injuries occurred in 5 of the 98 subjects who completed the study. The baseline hip external‐to‐internal strength ratio was lower in injured than in uninjured subjects (P = .008). In the injured group, hip abduction and external rotation strengths decreased from pre‐injury to post‐injury (P = .002 and P = .01, respectively). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a greater baseline hip abduction strength (odds ratio = 5.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46‐19.53; P < .01) and abduction‐to‐adduction strength ratio increased the risk of injury (odds ratio = 14.14, 95% CI 0.90‐221.06; P = .05), and a greater pre‐injury hip external‐to‐internal rotation strength ratio decreased the risk of injury (odds ratio < 0.01, 95% CI ≤ .01, 0.44; P = .02).ConclusionsThe findings of the current study suggest that stronger pre‐injury hip abductors (particularly in relation to their hip adductors) and weaker pre‐injury hip external rotators (particularly in relation to their hip internal rotators) are associated with the development of PFP. In addition, persons in whom PFP develops appear to lose hip abduction and external rotation strength when compared with their pre‐injury strength. Finally, a higher hip external‐to‐internal rotation strength ratio may protect against the development of PFP.
Lessons from the Mental Health Act Commission for England and Wales: The Limitations of Legalism-Plus-Safeguards
Authors: PILGRIM DAVID 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn 2009, the Mental Health Act Commission for England and Wales was closed down and its functions subsumed in separate organisations in the two countries. Its final biennial report, issued that year, focused on coercion and consent. This article uses some aspects of the report to discuss the implications of lawful psychiatric coercion being predicted by social group membership (correlated with race, age and gender). The work of the Commission furnished useful information in this regard, but its framework for data collection could not, and so did not, illuminate a more established picture of the class gradient in mental health problems. With the latter literature in mind, material adversity may explain the racial patterning of psychiatric populations coercively detained. However, normative aspects of risk-taking in the community and in hospital may better predict the findings on age and gender. The article concludes by querying the ameliorative impact of government appointed ‘visitorial’ bodies. Legalism-plus-safeguards is a questionable basis for meaningfully bringing discriminatory powers to book, or for reversing the differential impact of pathogenic social forces.
Cognitive mechanism of writing to dictation of logographic characters
Authors: HAN ZAIZHU , SONG LUPING , BI YANCHAO 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe cognitive mechanisms for writing to dictation of Chinese syllables by healthy adults were investigated using large-sample multiple regression analyses. In the experiment, subjects wrote down a corresponding character upon hearing a syllable. We mainly examined the effects of three types of attributes (i.e., lexical, semantic, and phonology to orthography conversion [POC] ones) in predicting the production probability of specific characters out of the homophone families for target syllables. We observed significant effects for all three types of attributes, as well as interactions between POC and the lexical attributes, and between POC and the semantic attributes. We further found that the semantic effects vanished for the writing stimuli without homophones. A feedback procedure (i.e., phonetic radical transparency) was also observed to influence Chinese writing performances. Our results support the hypothesis that the extent of semantic involvement in writing (spelling) to dictation is influenced by the effectiveness of POC procedure in a certain language and/or word set. The existence of an interaction between the lexical semantic route and the POC route in writing is further consolidated.
Seasonal Movement and Mesohabitat Usage of Adult and Juvenile Lake Sturgeon in the Grasse River, New York
Authors: Trested Drew G. , Chan Matthew D. , Bridges William C. , Isely J. Jeffery 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLong‐term restoration efforts for lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens populations will benefit from better understanding of this species’ movements and habitat use in riverine systems. Radio transmitters were implanted in both juvenile and adult lake sturgeon in the Grasse River, New York, and individuals were relocated over a 2‐year period. Adult lake sturgeon demonstrated greater minimum daily distance moved, absolute distance moved, and mean home range size than juvenile lake sturgeon during the spring. During the course of the study, both adult and juvenile lake sturgeon exhibited movements upstream and downstream through a breached low‐head weir, and individuals did not necessarily remain resident on an annual basis in the Grasse River. Mesohabitat and substrate use patterns were determined based on comparisons of frequency distributions for relocated lake sturgeon and quantified mesohabitat and substrate over a 15‐km river reach. Lake sturgeon used pool mesohabitat and limited their use of run mesohabitat under both low‐ and mid‐flow conditions. During most of the year, adult and juvenile lake sturgeon were detected over silt substrate. This study illustrates behavioral differences and similarities between the movements and habitat use of adult and juvenile lake sturgeon in a riverine system.
Is Cating's Method of Transverse Groove Counts to Annuli Applicable for all Stocks of American Shad?
Authors: Duffy William J. , McBride Richard S. , Cadrin Steven X. , Oliveira Kenneth 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA scale aging method was reported by Cating in 1953 for American shad Alosa sapidissima in the Hudson River and subsequently validated by recapturing fish marked and released in the Connecticut River. However, American shad spawn in all major rivers from Canada to Florida and their scales record growth events occurring in three distinct biogeographic provinces. Thus, a single scale aging method may not be applicable across the latitudinal range of this species. To address this concern, scales from American shad from one southern river (the St. Johns), three Middle Atlantic rivers (the Delaware, Hudson, and Connecticut), and one northern river (the Merrimack) were examined. Scales were cleaned, impressed in acetate, and analyzed by the same reader using a digital imaging system. The transverse grooves, the key morphological character used in Cating's method, were counted to the distal edge of the freshwater zone and the first three annuli. In most instances, these groove frequencies were statistically different from Cating's data for the Hudson River. Moreover, our data showed enough overlap in groove frequencies that they cannot be relied on as diagnostic characters for the freshwater zone and first three annuli in fish with difficult‐to‐interpret scales. Scale size explained more of the variance in groove frequencies than fish age did. Regardless of the specific process creating transverse grooves, we provide evidence that Cating's method should not be used to age American shad.