bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐Discrimination Versus Anti‐Poverty: Does Affirmative Action Hurt the Poor?
Authors: Coleman Major G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractScholars have implied that affirmative action is associated with deteriorating conditions for the poor. However, few have attempted to demonstrate any association between affirmative action and poverty empirically. The author relied upon data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) 1975‐1999 and a generalized least squares model to test the relationship between the percent of Blacks who qualify as poor in a given year and several measures of affirmative action. The author finds a mixed but largely null relationship between Black poverty and affirmative action and concludes that affirmative action programs have little impact on Black poverty levels.
Causes and Remedies for Poverty: Perceptions among Local Elected Leaders in Israel
Authors: Lahat Lihi , Menahem Gila 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn view of the increasing role of local government in formulating and providing welfare programs in many countries, the factors that shape the local policy arena are of much interest. Integrating two bodies of research — that of problem definition and framing in public policy and that of perceptions about poverty — the study investigates how heads of local authorities in Israel perceive the causes of poverty and how these perceptions are related to policy options for combating poverty. The findings reveal the importance of the leaders' perceptions of the causes of poverty and value orientation in explaining their policy preferences for dealing with poverty. The findings also point to the need for further research on the context of the local authority and its influence on the policy preferences of local leaders. The data is based on the responses to mail questionnaires distributed in 2002 to heads of local municipalities in Israel.
Properties of schema mashups : dynamicity, semantic, mixins, hyperschemas
Authors: Poulard Philippe 
Published: July 2009

W3C XML Schemas specifications were published in 2001, but a large community still uses DTDs. Perhaps they didn't adopt new schema technologies because they are still awaiting some missing features ? What kind of feature would be useful to DTD users and schema practitioners ?
Let's transpose the buzzword "mashups" to schema technologies: mashups of several schema languages and mashups of schema languages with non-schema languages. From this bazaar, we'll discuss some of the emerging features that could make what would be the next generation of schema languages: dynamicity, semantic, mixins, and hyperschemas.
Text Retrieval for XML-Encoded Corpora: A Lexical Approach
Authors: Quin Liam R. E. 
Published: July 2009

This paper describes some modifications done to an open source text retrieval package to make it XML-aware, and contrasts this lexical approach, in which XML documents are primarily treated as sequences of characters rather than trees, with the W3C XPath 1.0 and XQuery 2.0 Full-Text facility.
Specific usage scenarios are taken into consideration, including World Wide Web publication and the searching and analysis of text corpora for research purposes.
State of the art on streaming
Authors: Zergaoui Mohamed 
Published: July 2009

It's now 10 years that XML is out and is now mainstream. Eventually, XML is perceived for its value (Unicode, Structure, Extensibility) and not only for something heavy and difficult to use. XML needs still to gain in its capacity to be processed more naturally as a stream of information.
After a short presentation of where we come from, we will take a look very closely at where are the work around streaming processing, and especially from the XSLT WG, XProc WG and ISO DSDL; We will also see how some interesting approach are trying to find workarounds on streaming and propose some new area of use for XML.
Development and validation of the Subtypes of Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire
Authors: Burt S. Alexandra , Donnellan M. Brent 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThere is converging evidence that physical aggression, rule‐breaking, and social aggression constitute meaningfully distinct, if somewhat overlapping, components of the broader construct of antisocial behavior. Indeed, these subtypes appear to have different developmental trajectories, demographic correlates, and personological underpinnings. They also demonstrate important etiological distinctions. One potential limitation to accumulating additional scientific insights into the correlates and origins of these three types of antisocial behavior is the lack of an efficient self‐report assessment in the public domain. We developed the 32‐item Subtypes of Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire (STAB) to fill this gap. Our goal was to develop a brief measure that could reliably and validly assess each of the three major subtypes of antisocial behavior and that would be freely available for other researchers. The present series of studies provides initial evidence of the factorial validity, internal consistency, and criterion‐related validity of the STAB scales. In short, it appears that the STAB is a brief and useful measure that can be used to differentiate and assess physically aggressive, rule‐breaking, and socially aggressive forms of antisocial behavior. Aggr. Behav. 35:376–398, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Memory distrust and acceptance of misinformation
Authors: van Bergen Saskia , Horselenberg Robert , Merckelbach Harald , Jelicic Marko , Beckers Roos 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRelying on a community sample (N = 80), the present study examined whether memory distrust is related to an increased tendency to accept misinformation and whether it interacts with passage of time. Participants were shown video footage of an armed robbery. Approximately 30 minutes later, they were asked to describe as accurately as possible what they had seen. Either 1 day or 2 weeks later they were presented with their own statements, to which five misinformation items had been added. The results showed that people suffering from memory distrust accepted more misinformation than those with optimistic beliefs about their memory. In addition, both age and free recall seemed to modulate this relationship. However, memory evaluation did not interact with time interval. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of a group memory training method for older adults based on visualization and association techniques: A randomized, controlled trial with a placebo group
Authors: Latorre Postigo José Miguel , Hernández‐Viadel José Vicente , Trives Jorge Javier Ricarte 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe aim of this trial has been to determine the efficacy of a group memory training method. The experimental group was compared to a placebo group (health education) or to a control group (waiting list). Forty‐five adults between the ages of 60 and 70 years (M = 66.9) were recruited by placing notices in senior citizen community centres, which encouraged people with memory problems to participate in the study. Data were collected at baseline, 1 week, and 6 months after the intervention. The efficacy of the training was evaluated by measures of objective and subjective everyday memory performance. After intervention, the experimental group participants showed an increase in objective memory performance (d = 1.95). The effect size was even higher at 6 months after intervention (d = 2.88). Further, their subjective experience related to everyday memory slips decreased (d = −0.52). The memory training method was effective in improving everyday memory in older people with some cognitive decline. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogels in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Slaughter Brandon V. , Khurshid Shahana S. , Fisher Omar Z. , Khademhosseini Ali , Peppas Nicholas A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHydrogels, due to their unique biocompatibility, flexible methods of synthesis, range of constituents, and desirable physical characteristics, have been the material of choice for many applications in regenerative medicine. They can serve as scaffolds that provide structural integrity to tissue constructs, control drug and protein delivery to tissues and cultures, and serve as adhesives or barriers between tissue and material surfaces. In this work, the properties of hydrogels that are important for tissue engineering applications and the inherent material design constraints and challenges are discussed. Recent research involving several different hydrogels polymerized from a variety of synthetic and natural monomers using typical and novel synthetic methods are highlighted. Finally, special attention is given to the microfabrication techniques that are currently resulting in important advances in the field.
Current Trends in Shrinking the Channel Length of Organic Transistors Down to the Nanoscale
Authors: Cao Yang , Steigerwald Michael L. , Nuckolls Colin , Guo Xuefeng 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this Review article, we highlighted current trends in shrinking the channel length of organic field effect transistors (OFETs) down to the nanoscale in three systems where sophisticated device fabrication has been integrated into the development of different electrodes with nanoscale gaps. The design principle is the combination of molecular design freedom and flexible molecular self‐assembly with state‐of‐the‐art device fabrication to realize organic field effect nano‐transistors where molecular materials themselves behave as pivotal elements. Three different types of nanoscale electrodes are used for OFETs: metals, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and graphenes. These electrodes are made by e‐beam lithography as well as other complementary methods (shadow deposition, underetching, nanoimprinting, rubber stamping, and microcontact printing).
Controlling Stem Cell Fate with Material Design
Authors: Marklein Ross A. , Burdick Jason A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAdvances in our understanding of stem cell interactions with their environment are leading to the development of new materials‐based approaches to control stem cell behavior toward cellular culture and tissue regeneration applications. Materials can provide cues based on chemistry, mechanics, structure, and molecule delivery that control stem cell fate decisions and matrix formation. These approaches are helping to advance clinical translation of a range of stem cell types through better expansion techniques and scaffolding for use in tissue engineering approaches for the regeneration of many tissues. With this in mind, this progress report covers basic concepts and recent advances in the use of materials for manipulating stem cells.
Empirical investigation of price setting and quantity surcharges in the German food sector
Authors: Abdulai Awudu , Kuhlgatz Christian , Schmitz Silke 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this study, the authors examined the incidence and determinants of quantity price discounts and quantity price surcharges in the German food sector through a bivariate probit model, using recent consumer scanner survey data. Selectivity bias was corrected for in estimating the magnitude of quantity price surcharges and quantity price discounts, using Heckman's procedure. The findings reveal that almost 10% of the investigated products attract higher unit prices for larger package sizes, although the extent of price surcharges varied among product categories. Quantity price discounts were found to dominate in the firms' pricing strategies. The econometric results showed that the number of package sizes, the average package size, the packaging and storage forms, as well as the price image of a product are all significant determinants of the decision to impose both quantity price surcharges and quantity price discounts. [JEL classification: D40, L11] © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chromosome 8p23.1 deletions as a cause of complex congenital heart defects and diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Wat Margaret J. , Shchelochkov Oleg A. , Holder Ashley M. , Breman Amy M. , Dagli Aditi , Bacino Carlos , Scaglia Fernando , Zori Roberto T. , Cheung Sau Wai , Scott Daryl A. , Kang Sung‐Hae Lee 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRecurrent interstitial deletion of a region of 8p23.1 flanked by the low copy repeats 8p‐OR‐REPD and 8p‐OR‐REPP is associated with a spectrum of anomalies that can include congenital heart malformations and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Haploinsufficiency of GATA4 is thought to play a critical role in the development of these birth defects. We describe two individuals and a monozygotic twin pair discordant for anterior CDH all of whom have complex congenital heart defects caused by this recurrent interstitial deletion as demonstrated by array comparative genomic hybridization. To better define the genotype/phenotype relationships associated with alterations of genes on 8p23.1, we review the spectrum of congenital heart and diaphragmatic defects that have been reported in individuals with isolated GATA4 mutations and interstitial, terminal, and complex chromosomal rearrangements involving the 8p23.1 region. Our findings allow us to clearly define the CDH minimal deleted region on chromosome 8p23.1 and suggest that haploinsufficiency of other genes, in addition to GATA4, may play a role in the severe cardiac and diaphragmatic defects associated with 8p23.1 deletions. These findings also underscore the importance of conducting a careful cytogenetic/molecular analysis of the 8p23.1 region in all prenatal and postnatal cases involving congenital defects of the heart and/or diaphragm. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syndromes of the first and second pharyngeal arches: A review
Authors: Passos‐Bueno Maria Rita , Ornelas Camila C. , Fanganiello Roberto D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOur aim in this review is to discuss currently known mechanisms associated with three important syndromes of the first and second pharyngeal arches: Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS), Oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral syndrome (AOVS) and Auriculo‐Condylar syndrome (ACS) or question mark ear syndrome. TCS and ACS are autosomal dominant diseases, with nearly complete penetrance and wide spectrum of clinical variability. The phenotype of the latter has several overlapping features with OAVS, but OAVS may exist in both sporadic and autosomal dominant forms. Mutations in theTCOF1gene are predicted to cause premature termination codons, leading to haploinsuficiency of the protein treacle and causing TCS. Low amount of treacle leads ultimately to a reduction in the number of cranial neural crest cells migrating to the first and second pharyngeal arches. Other than TCS, the genes associated with ACS and OAVS are still unknown. The first locus for ACS was mapped by our group to 1p21‐23 but there is genetic heretogeneity. Genetic heterogeneity is also present in OAVS. Based on the molecular analysis of balanced translocation in an OAVS patient, it has been suggested that abnormal expression ofBAPX1possibly due to epigenetic disregulation might be involved with the etiology of OAVS. Involvement of environmental events has also been linked to the causation of OAVS. Identification of factors leading to these disorders are important for a comprehensive delineation of the molecular pathways underlying the craniofacial development from the first and the second pharyngeal arches, for genetic counseling and to open alternative strategies for patient treatment. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenotypic delineation of Emanuel syndrome (supernumerary derivative 22 syndrome): Clinical features of 63 individuals
Authors: Carter Melissa T. , St. Pierre Stephanie A. , Zackai Elaine H. , Emanuel Beverly S. , Boycott Kym M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEmanuel syndrome is characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and developmental disability. It is caused by the presence of a supernumerary derivative chromosome that contains material from chromosomes 11 and 22. The origin of this imbalance is 3:1 malsegregation of a parental balanced translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22, which is the most common recurrent reciprocal translocation in humans. Little has been published on the clinical features of this syndrome since the 1980s and information on natural history is limited. We designed a questionnaire to collect information from families recruited through an international online support group, Chromosome 22 Central. Data gathered include information on congenital anomalies, medical and surgical history, developmental and behavioral issues, and current abilities. We received information on 63 individuals with Emanuel syndrome, ranging in age from newborn to adulthood. As previously recognized, congenital anomalies were common, the most frequent being ear pits (76%), micrognathia (60%), heart malformations (57%), and cleft palate (54%). Our data suggest that vision and hearing impairment, seizures, failure to thrive and recurrent infections, particularly otitis media, are common in this syndrome. Psychomotor development is uniformly delayed, however the majority of individuals (over 70%) eventually learn to walk with support. Language development and ability for self‐care are also very impaired. This study provides new information on the clinical spectrum and natural history of Emanuel syndrome for families and physicians caring for these individuals. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EURONEAR: Data mining of asteroids and Near Earth Asteroids
Authors: Vaduvescu O. , Curelaru L. , Birlan M. , Bocsa G. , Serbanescu L. , Tudorica A. , Berthier J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBesides new observations, mining old photographic plates and CCD image archives represents an opportunity to recover and secure newly discovered asteroids, also to improve the orbits of Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs), Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) and Virtual Impactors (VIs). These are the main research aims of the EURONEAR network. As stated by the IAU, the vast collection of image archives stored worldwide is still insufficiently explored, and could be mined for known NEAs and other asteroids appearing occasionally in their fields. This data mining could be eased using a server to search and classify findings based on the asteroid class and the discovery date as “precoveries” or “recoveries”. We built PRECOVERY, a public facility which uses the Virtual Observatory SkyBoT webservice of IMCCE to search for all known Solar System objects in a given observation. To datamine an entire archive, PRECOVERY requires the observing log in a standard format and outputs a database listing the sorted encounters of NEAs, PHAs, numbered and un‐numbered asteroids classified as precoveries or recoveries based on the daily updated IAU MPC database. As a first application, we considered an archive including about 13 000 photographic plates exposed between 1930 and 2005 at the Astronomical Observatory in Bucharest, Romania. Firstly, we updated the database, homogenizing dates and pointings to a common format using the JD dating system and J2000 epoch. All the asteroids observed in planned mode were recovered, proving the accuracy of PRECOVERY. Despite the large field of the plates imaging mostly 2.27° × 2.27° fields, no NEA or PHA could be encountered occasionally in the archive due to the small aperture of the 0.38m refractor insufficiently to detect objects fainter than V ∼ 15. PRECOVERY can be applied to other archives, being intended as a public facility offered to the community by the EURONEAR project. This is the first of a series of papers aimed to improve orbits of PHAs and NEAs using precovered data derived from archives of images to be data mined in collaboration with students and amateurs. In the next paper we will search the CFHT Legacy Survey, while data mining of other archives is planned for the near future (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Recombination lines and free‐free continua formed in asymptotic ionized winds: Analytic solution for the radiative transfer
Authors: Ignace R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn dense hot star winds, the infrared and radio continua are dominated by free‐free opacity and recombination emission line spectra. In the case of a spherically symmetric outflow that is isothermal and expanding at constant radial speed, the radiative transfer for the continuum emission from a dense wind is analytic. Even the emission profile shape for a recombination line can be derived. Key to these derivations is that the opacity scales with only the square of the density. These results are well‐known. Here an extension of the derivation is developed that also allows for line blends and the inclusion of an additional power‐law dependence beyond just the density dependence. The additional power‐law is promoted as a representation of a radius dependent clumping factor. It is shown that differences in the line widths and equivalent widths of the emission lines depend on the steepness of the clumping power‐law. Assuming relative level populations in LTE in the upper levels of He II, an illustrative application of the model to Spitzer/IRS spectral data of the carbon‐rich star WR 90 is given (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A standard transformation from XML to RDF via XSLT
Authors: Breitling F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA generic transformation of XML data into the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and its implementation by XSLT transformations is presented. It was developed by the grid integration project for robotic telescopes of AstroGrid‐D to provide network communication through the Remote Telescope Markup Language (RTML) to its RDF based information service. The transformation's generality is explained by this example. It automates the transformation of XML data into RDF and thus solves this problem of semantic computing. Its design also permits the inverse transformation but this is not yet implemented (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Monoceros radio loop: Temperature, brightness, spectral index, and distance
Authors: Jovanović V. Borka , Urošević D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper we estimated the temperatures and brightnesses of the Monoceros radio loop at 1420, 820 and 408 MHz. The linear spectrum is estimated for mean temperatures versus frequency between 1420, 820 and 408 MHz. The spectral index of Monoceros loop is also obtained. The brightness temperatures and surface brightnesses of the loop are computed using data taken from radio‐continuum surveys at the three frequencies. The spectral index of the loop is also obtained from T‐T plots between 1420–820, 1420–408, and 820–408 MHz. The obtained results confirm non‐thermal origin of the Monoceros radio loop (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antenna performance analysis for decameter solar radio observations
Authors: Stanislavsky A.A. , Konovalenko A.A. , Rucker H.O. , Abranin E.P. , Kaiser M.L. , Dorovskyy V.V. , Mel'nik V.N. , Lecacheux A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDecameter wavelength radio emission is finely structured in solar bursts. For their research it is very important to use a sufficient sensitivity of antenna systems. In this paper we study an influence of the radiotelescope‐antenna effective area on the results of decameter solar radio observations. For this purpose we compared the solar bursts received by the array of 720 ground‐based dipoles and the single dipole of the radiotelescope UTR‐2. It is shown that a larger effective area of the ground‐based antenna allows us to measure a weaker solar emission and to distinguish a fine structure of strong solar events. This feature has been also verified by simultaneous ground‐ and space‐based observations in the overlapping frequency range (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)