bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF PARTIAL SUBSTITUTION OF WHEAT FLOUR WITH CHICKPEA FLOUR ON THE TECHNOLOGICAL, NUTRITIONAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF COUSCOUS
Authors: DEMIR BERAT , BILGIÇLI NERMIN , ELGÜN ADEM , DEMIR M. KÜRŞAT 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT Turkish couscous is a traditional cereal product that is generally produced by coating wheat bulgur with the wheat flour and water or milk. In this research, wheat flour used in couscous production to cover bulgur was replaced with chickpea flour (CPF) up to 100% to improve the nutritional status of couscous. Technological properties, color values, chemical and sensory properties of couscous samples were determined. Technological properties of couscous were affected negatively by the increasing CPF amounts in couscous formulation. The color values of couscous samples with 75–100% CPF were darker than the others. The ash, protein and cellulose contents of the couscous increased with increasing amount of CPF. Rich phytic acid (PA) content of CPF significantly (P < 0.05) affected the PA content of the end products. PA contents of 100% CPF added couscous samples were found 4.4 times higher than the control sample. Ca, Mg, K, P, Fe and Zn amounts increased at different degrees with CPF addition. CPF affected flavor, firmness, stickiness and overall acceptability of couscous significantly (P < 0.05). As a result, CPF substitution decreased the cooking properties but increased nutritional and sensory properties except 100% substitution level compared with control samples. Acceptable CPF level was found as 50% in terms of technological, nutritional and sensory and also functional properties of couscous.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSRefined wheat flour is inadequate in terms of ash, mineral, dietary fiber and lysine amino acid. Legumes are most suitable material for enrichment of cereal product. In this research, for obtaining optimum couscous quality and nutritional enrichment, couscous was supplemented with chickpea flour. Acceptable substitution level was found as 50% for the technologic, nutritional and sensory properties. This new product may be an innovative nutritious food because of its favorite taste and aromatic profile.
Effect of Processing and Packaging Conditions on Quality of Refrigerated Potato Strips
Authors: Oner M.E. , Walker P.N. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract:  Although sulfiting agents are commonly used in the fresh‐cut potato industry, concerns about further regulatory restrictions on sulfite use and consumer fear of sulfite‐treated foods have lead to increased research in alternative processing methods. The objective of this study was to determine processing and packaging techniques to achieve a safe and high‐quality potato strips with a 4 wk minimum refrigerated shelf life. Potato strips were 1st blanched at low temperature (60 °C) in 0.5% CaCl2 solution for 20 min and then 2nd blanched at high temperature (approximately 98 °C) in water for 5 min. Blanched strips were packaged in a near‐aseptic environment or treated in‐package with gaseous ozone, sodium metabisulfite (SM) solution, or FIT Fruit and Vegetable Wash™ (Procter and Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.) and then stored at 7 ± 1 °C for 28 d. No significant difference was observed in lightness of near‐aseptically packaged fries, FIT‐treated fries, and frozen fries; however, less color difference was determined in near‐aseptically packaged fries and FIT‐treated fries compared to frozen fries. Gaseous ozone treatment decreased color quality of potato strips, significantly. The highest after‐frying peak force was observed in FIT‐treated strips. There was no significant difference in oil absorption of refrigerated and unprocessed strips. These results indicate that either near‐aseptic packaging or in‐package FIT treatment are the better alternatives for blanched potato strips to extend shelf life and maintain quality.Practical Application:  In this study, several processing conditions and packaging methods were evaluated to improve quality and extend shelf life of refrigerated potato strips. Results indicate that the combination of 2‐step blanching and near‐aseptic packaging was an effective nonchemical processing method, giving 28 d refrigerated shelf life. Similarly, FIT Fruit and Vegetable Wash™ proved to be an effective chemical alternative to sulfites and avoids the allergen concern.
A Kinetic Study on Sesame Cake Protein Hydrolysis by Alcalase
Authors: Demirhan Elçin , Apar Dilek Kılıç , Özbek Belma 
Published: December 2010

Abstract: In the present study, the hydrolysis of sesame cake protein was performed by Alcalase, a bacterial protease produced byBacillus licheniformis, to investigate the reaction kinetics of sesame cake hydrolysis and to determine decay and product inhibition effects for Alcalase. The reactions were carried out for 10 min in 0.1 L of aqueous solutions containing 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 g protein/L at various temperature and pH values. To determine decay and product inhibition effects for Alcalase, a series of inhibition experiments were conducted with the addition of various amounts of hydrolysate. The reaction kinetics was investigated by initial rate approach. The initial reaction rates were determined from the slopes of the linear models that fitted to the experimental data. The kinetic parameters, Kmand Vmax, were estimated as 41.17 g/L and 9.24 meqv/L.min. The Lineweaver–Burk plots showed that the type of inhibition for Alcalase determined as uncompetitive, and the inhibition constant, Ki, was estimated as 38.24% (hydrolysate/substrate mixture).Practical Application: Plant proteins are increasingly being used as an alternative to proteins from animal sources to perform functional roles in food formulation. Knowledge of the kinetics of the hydrolysis reaction is essential for the optimization of enzymatic protein hydrolysis and for increasing the utilization of plant proteins in food products. Therefore, in the present study, the hydrolysis of sesame cake protein was performed by Alcalase, a bacterial protease produced byB. licheniformis, to investigate the reaction kinetics of sesame cake hydrolysis and to determine decay and product inhibition effects for Alcalase.
Detection of Nucleic Acid Lesions During Photochemical Inactivation of RNA Viruses by Treatment with Methylene Blue and Light Using Real‐time PCR
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zheng Lan , Huang Yuwen , Mo Qin , Wang Xun , Qian Kaicheng 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe mechanism of bacteriophage photoinactivation by methylene blue and light (MB+L) involves genomic RNA damage. In this study, two RNA viruses, Sindbis virus (SINV) and hepatitis C virus were treated by MB+L and their nucleic acids were amplified to show that RNA lesions occurred during inactivation. During MB+L inactivation, the viral load of both viruses was significantly reduced as MB+L exposure increased. The nucleic acid amplification of treated viral RNA was inhibited in a time‐dependent manner and the percentage inhibition of amplification reached about 99% after 30 min of treatment. Furthermore, as compared to SINV viral infectivity detected by quantification of the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50), the inhibition of SINV RNA amplification strongly correlated with a decrease in in vitro infectivity (R2 > 0.94), suggesting that RNA serves as the main target during MB+L inactivation.
Substernal hand‐assisted videothoracoscopic lung metastasectomy: Long term results in a selected patient cohort
Authors: Tacconi Federico , Ambrogi Vincenzo , Pompeo Eugenio , Sellitri Francesco , Mineo Tommaso Claudio 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:  Substernal hand‐assisted thoracoscopy (HATS) has been proposed as a reliable surgical method with which to perform a bilateral lung metastasectomy. Herein, we review our 15‐year experience with this approach for the purpose of understanding the long‐term results in a large study cohort.Methods:  The study cohort was a series of 87 patients that underwent a HATS lung metastasectomy between 1995 and 2010. We focused on the main surgical findings including the ability of this approach to facilitate the detection of unexpected pulmonary lesions. Overall and disease‐free survival rates were analyzed in a long‐term follow up using the Kaplan‐Meier method.Results:  A total of 219 lesions were removed. Of these, 191 proved to be malignant. This figure accounted for 31 (19.3%) unexpected lung metastases not previously identified at imaging work‐up. Eighteen nodules previously suggested as metastatic lesions proved to be benign. On the basis of these findings sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for imaging work‐up in detecting lung metastases were 79.6%, 41.3%, 86.4%, and 30.5%, respectively. Lesions sized <7 mm showed the highest false negative rate. Postoperatively no major complications occurred. Overall survival rates at 3 and 5 years were 57.9% and 38.4%, respectively. Disease‐free interval after primary cancer removal, but not all metastases nor bilateral spread, was related to survival (P = 0.015).Conclusions:  In our experience, HATS resulted in a considerable percentage of resected lung metastases not previously detected at imaging work‐up. We recommend this approach whenever feasible as it can conciliate low invasiveness and completeness of surgical resection. Substernal HATS makes it possible to detect a considerable number of unexpected lesions in patients undergoing lung metastasectomy with low surgical trauma. This study reinforces the role of this approach in the setting of lung metastasectomy, due to the large patient series and long‐term follow‐up.
Serum Triglyceride Concentrations in Miniature Schnauzers with and without a History of Probable Pancreatitis
Authors: Xenoulis P.G. , Levinski M.D. , Suchodolski J.S. , Steiner J.M. 
Published: December 2010

Background:The association between hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis remains obscure in dogs. A possible role of hypertriglyceridemia as a cause of pancreatitis in Miniature Schnauzers has been suspected.Hypothesis/Objectives:To compare serum triglyceride concentrations between Miniature Schnauzers with and without a recent history of pancreatitis.Animals:Seventeen Miniature Schnauzers with a history of pancreatitis (group 1) and 34 age‐matched Miniature Schnauzers without a history of pancreatitis (group 2) were prospectively enrolled.Methods:Prospective case‐control study. Two samples were collected from each of the 17 Miniature Schnauzers with pancreatitis: 1 during pancreatitis and 1 after clinical and biochemical resolution of pancreatitis. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were compared between group 1 (after resolution of pancreatitis) and group 2.Results:Miniature Schnauzers in group 1 were significantly more likely to have hypertriglyceridemia (>108 mg/dL) (71%) after resolution of pancreatitis than Miniature Schnauzers in group 2 (33%; odds ratio = 5.02; 95% confidence interval = 1.4–17.8;P= .0163). Serum triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in dogs of group 1 (median: 605.0 mg/dL) after resolution of pancreatitis than in dogs of group 2 (median: 73.5 mg/dL;P= .002).Conclusions and Clinical Importance:Miniature Schnauzers with a history of pancreatitis were 5 times more likely to have hypertriglyceridemia than controls. Hypertriglyceridemia might be associated with the development of pancreatitis in some dogs of this breed. Additional studies are needed to further clarify the role of hypertriglyceridemia in the development of pancreatitis in Miniature Schnauzers as well as other dog breeds.
The Feline Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation (Feline APPLE) Score: A Severity of Illness Stratification System for Hospitalized Cats
Authors: Hayes G. , Mathews K. , Doig G. , Kruth S. , Boston S. , Nykamp S. , Poljak Z. , Dewey C. 
Published: December 2010

Background: Scores allowing objective stratification of illness severity are available for dogs and horses, but not cats. Validated illness severity scores facilitate the risk‐adjusted analysis of results in clinical research, and also have applications in triage and therapeutic protocols.Objective: To develop and validate an accurate, user‐friendly score to stratify illness severity in hospitalized cats.Animals: Six hundred cats admitted consecutively to a teaching hospital intensive care unit.Methods: This observational cohort study enrolled all cats admitted over a 32‐month period. Data on interventional, physiological, and biochemical variables were collected over 24 hours after admission. Patient mortality outcome at hospital discharge was recorded. After random division, 450 cats were used for logistic regression model construction, and data from 150 cats for validation.Results: Patient mortality was 25.8%. Five‐ and 8‐variable scores were developed. The 8‐variable score contained mentation score, temperature, mean arterial pressure (MAP), lactate, PCV, urea, chloride, and body cavity fluid score. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) on the construction cohort was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.87–0.94), and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84–0.96) on the validation cohort. The 5‐variable score contained mentation score, temperature, MAP, lactate, and PCV. AUROC on the construction cohort was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.79–0.86), and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.72–0.84) on the validation cohort.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Two scores are presented enabling allocation of an accurate and user‐friendly illness severity measure to hospitalized cats. Scores are calculated from data obtained over the 1st 24 hours after admission, and are diagnosis‐independent. The 8‐variable score predicts outcome significantly better than does the 5‐variable score.
Iterative Approaches to Find Zeros of Maximal Monotone Operators by Hybrid Approximate Proximal Point Methods
Authors: Ceng LuChuan , Liou YeongCheng , Naraghirad Eskandar 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to introduce and investigate two kinds of iterative algorithms for the problem of finding zeros of maximal monotone operators. Weak and strong convergence theorems are established in a real Hilbert space. As applications, we consider a problem of finding a minimizer of a convex function.
Regulation of HMGA1 Expression by MicroRNA-296 Affects Prostate Cancer Growth and Invasion
Authors: Wei Jian-Jun , Wu Xinyu , Peng Yi , Shi Guizhi , Olca Basturk , Yang Ximing , Daniels Garrett , Osman Iman , Ouyang Jiangyong , Hernando Eva , Pellicer Angel , Rhim Johng S. , Melamed Jonathan , Lee Peng 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Purpose: High-motility group AT-hook gene 1 (HMGA1) is a non-histone nuclear binding protein that is developmentally regulated. HMGA1 is significantly overexpressed in and associated with high grade and advance stage of prostate cancer (PC). The oncogenic role of HMGA1 is at least mediated through chromosomal instability and structural aberrations. However, regulation of HMGA1 expression is not well understood. Identification of microRNA-mediated HMGA1 regulation will provide a promising therapeutic target in treating PC.
Experimental Design: In this study, we examined the functional relation between miR-296 and HMGA1 expression in several PC cell lines and a large PC cohort. We further examined the oncogenic property of HMGA1 regulated by miR-296.
Results: Here we report that miR-296, a microRNA predicted to target HMGA1, specifically represses HMGA1 expression by promoting degradation and inhibiting HMGA1translation. Repression of HMGA1 by miR-296 is direct and sequence specific. Importantly, ectopic miR-296 expression significantly reduced PC cell proliferation and invasion, in part through the downregulation of HMGA1. Examining PC patient samples, we found an inverse correlation between HMGA1 and miR-296 expression: high levels of HMGA1 were associated with low miR-296 expression and strongly linked to more advanced tumor grade and stage.
Conclusions: Our results indicate that miR-296 regulates HMGA1 expression and is associated with PC growth and invasion. Clin Cancer Res; 17(6); 1297–305. ©2010 AACR.
Reduced Dose and Intermittent Treatment with Lapatinib and Trastuzumab for Potent Blockade of the HER Pathway in HER2/neu-Overexpressing Breast Tumor Xenografts
Authors: Rimawi Mothaffar F. , Wiechmann Lisa S. , Wang Yen-Chao , Huang Catherine , Migliaccio Ilenia , Wu Meng-Fen , Gutierrez Carolina , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Arpino Grazia , Massarweh Suleiman , Ward Robin , Soliz Robert , Osborne C. Kent , Schiff Rachel 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Purpose: We have shown that incomplete blockade of the human epidermal growth factor (HER) pathway is a mechanism of resistance to treatment with trastuzumab (T) in HER2-overexpressing tumor xenografts. We now investigate whether the addition of lapatinib (L), a dual HER1/2 kinase inhibitor, to T results in more potent inhibition of the pathway and therefore inhibition of tumor growth, and whether reduced dose and intermittent treatment with the combination is equally effective.
Experimental Design: Nude mice bearing HER2-overexpressing MCF7/HER2–18 or BT-474 xenograft tumors were treated with L and T, alone or in various combinations with other HER inhibitors. L + T for short duration (14 and 42 days), intermittent administration (14 days on/off), and reduced dosing (half dose) was also investigated. Inhibition of tumor growth, downstream signaling, proliferation, and induction of apoptosis were assessed. All statistical tests were two-sided.
Results: L + T was the most effective regimen in both MCF7/HER2–18 and BT-474 xenografts with complete regression (CR) of tumor observed in all mice. Intermittent and reduced dose treatment (½ dose) resulted in high rates of CR and low rates of tumor recurrence that were comparable to full dose continuous treatment. L + T resulted in significantly reduced downstream signaling and proliferation, and increased apoptosis.
Conclusions: L + T is a potent and effective combination even when given in reduced dose or intermittent schedule potentially resulting in lower toxicity and reduced cost if translated to patients. These findings warrant timely clinical testing. Clin Cancer Res; 17(6); 1351–61. ©2011 AACR.
Hypermethylation of CpG Islands and Shores around Specific MicroRNAs and Mirtrons Is Associated with the Phenotype and Presence of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Dudziec Ewa , Miah Saiful , Choudhry Hani M.Z , Owen Helen C. , Blizard Sheila , Glover Maggie , Hamdy Freddie C. , Catto James W.F. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Purpose: To analyze the role and translational potential for hypermethylation of CpG islands and shores in the regulation of small RNAs within urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC). To examine microRNAs (miR) and mirtrons, a new class of RNA located within gene introns and processed in a Drosha-independent manner.
Experimental design: The methylation status of 865 small RNAs was evaluated in normal and malignant cell lines by using 5-azacytidine and microarrays. Bisulfite sequencing was used for CpG regions around selected RNAs. Prognostic and diagnostic associations for epigenetically regulated RNAs were examined by using material from 359 patients, including 216 tumors and 121 urinary samples (68 cases and 53 controls). Functional analyses examined the effect of silencing susceptible RNAs in normal urothelial cells.
Results: Exonic/UTR-located miRs and mirtons are most susceptible to epigenetic regulation. We identified 4 mirtrons and 16 miRs with CpG hypermethylation across 35 regions in normal and malignant urothelium. For several miRs, hypermethylation was more frequent and dense in CpG shores than islands (e.g., miRs-9/149/210/212/328/503/1224/1227/1229), and was associated with tumor grade, stage, and prognosis (e.g., miR-1224 multivariate analysis OR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3–5.0; P = 0.006). The urinary expression of epigenetically silenced RNAs (miRs-152/328/1224) was associated with the presence of UCC (concordance index, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80–0.93; ANOVA P &lt; 0.016).
Conclusions: Hypermethylation of mirtrons and miRs is common in UCC. Mirtrons appear particularly susceptible to epigenetic regulation. Aberrant hypermethylation of small RNAs is associated with the presence and behavior of UCC, suggesting potential roles as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Clin Cancer Res; 17(6); 1287–96. ©2010 AACR.
Rb–Raf-1 Interaction Disruptor RRD-251 Induces Apoptosis in Metastatic Melanoma Cells and Synergizes with Dacarbazine
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Davis Rebecca , Alamanda Vignesh , Pireddu Roberta , Pernazza Daniel , Sebti Said , Lawrence Nicholas , Chellappan Srikumar 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive cancer with very low response rate against conventional chemotherapeutic agents such as dacarbazine (DTIC). Inhibitor of Rb–Raf-1 interaction RRD-251 was tested against the melanoma cell lines SK-MEL-28, SK-MEL-5, and SK-MEL-2. RRD-251 was found to be a potent inhibitor of melanoma cell proliferation, irrespective of V600E B-Raf mutation status of the cell lines. In a SK-MEL-28 xenograft experiment, RRD-251 exerted a significant suppression of tumor growth compared with vehicle (P = 0.003). Similar to in vitro effects, tumors from RRD-251–treated animals showed decreased Rb–Raf-1 interaction in vivo. Growth suppressive effects of RRD-251 were associated with induction of apoptosis as well as a G1 arrest, with an accompanying decrease in S-phase cells. RRD-251 inhibited Rb phosphorylation and downregulated E2F1 protein levels in these cells. Real-time PCR analysis showed that RRD-251 caused downregulation of cell-cycle regulatory genes thymidylate synthase (TS) and cdc6 as well as the antiapoptotic gene Mcl-1. Combinatorial treatment of RRD-251 and DTIC resulted in a significantly higher apoptosis in DTIC resistant cell lines SK-MEL-28 and SK-MEL-5, as revealed by increased caspase-3 activity and PARP cleavage. Because aberrant Rb/E2F pathway is associated with melanoma progression and resistance to apoptosis, these results suggest that the Rb–Raf-1 inhibitor could be an effective agent for melanoma treatment, either alone or in combination with DTIC. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(12); 3330–41. ©2010 AACR.
Population Trends of Recurrent Coronary Heart Disease Event Rates Remain High
Authors: Briffa Tom G. , Hobbs Michael S. , Tonkin Andrew , Sanfilippo Frank M. , Hickling Siobhan , Ridout Stephen C. , Knuiman Matthew 
Published: December 2010

Background—
Survivors of nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD) can reduce their risk of further events by various preventive interventions. The impact of such measures as delivered over 11 years, on population rates of subsequent major CHD events, has not been extensively studied. This study determined population trends in the prevalence of clinically manifest CHD and the proportion of major CHD events that occur in this population.

Methods and Results—
A population longitudinal person-based event-linked file of CHD extracted from State Hospital Morbidity Data and Death Registry for 1980 to 2005 was used to identify, for each year from 1995 to 2005, survivors who had a hospitalization for CHD over the previous 15 years (population with established CHD), and to examine the occurrence of CHD death and hospitalization with a principal diagnosis of myocardial infarction in both populations with and without established CHD. The average annual age-standardized prevalence of CHD in the Perth metropolitan region (population 1.6 million) was 28 373 (8.8%) in men and 14 966 (4.0%) in women. Age-specific prevalence increased exponentially with age, from <1% in 35 to 39 age group to 42% in 80 to 84 age group in men and half that in women. The percentage of total CHD events (n=28 941) that occurred in the population with established CHD was approximately 43% in both men and women, 55% and 51%, respectively, for CHD death and 35% and 36% for nonfatal myocardial infarction.

Conclusions—
More than 40% of major CHD events annually occur in persons with manifest disease, highlighting the imperative to implement systems of care that support effective secondary prevention.