bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in acute viral bronchiolitis: A systematic review
Authors: Donlan Matthew , Fontela Patricia S. , Puligandla Pramod S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIntroductionContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), used either alone or associated with heliox (CPAP‐He), has become a popular therapeutic option for bronchiolitis. This systematic review assesses the impact of CPAP on endotracheal intubation, carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2) and respiratory distress in patients with bronchiolitis.MethodsSystematic search including studies that used CPAP or CPAP‐He in infants with bronchiolitis admitted to a PICU. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and the GRADE system.ResultsFive CPAP (one crossover randomized controlled trial [RCT] and four before–after studies) and three CPAP‐He (one quasi‐RCT and two before–after) studies were included. CPAP was reported to reduce PCO2 (−6.9 to −11.7 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.015), respiratory rate (−12 to −16 breaths/min after 2 hr, P < 0.01) and the modified Wood clinical asthma score (mWCAS, −2.2 points after 1 hr, P < 0.01). CPAP‐He studies observed decreases in PCO2 (−9.7 mmHg, P < 0.05), mWCAS (−2.12 points, P < 0.001), and respiratory rate (−8 to −13.7 breaths/min, P < 0.05) after 1 hr of treatment. Endotracheal intubation rates ranged from 0–12.5% (CPAP‐He) to 17–27% (CPAP). After applying the GRADE system, the quality of evidence for a beneficial effect of CPAP and CPAP‐He was classified as low.ConclusionsThe evidence supporting the use of CPAP to reduce PCO2 and respiratory distress in bronchiolitis is of low methodological quality, and there is no conclusive evidence that CPAP reduces the need for intubation. No definitive conclusions could be drawn about the CPAP‐He effect. Further research using higher quality methodology is needed to clarify the beneficial role of these interventions. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:736–746. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chest radiographic and CT evaluation of lung abnormalities in pediatric patients with laryngeal cleft
Authors: Williams Jennifer L. , Lee Edward Y. , Casey Alicia M. , Haver Kenan E. , Buonomo Carlo , Zurakowski David , Rahbar Reza 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to (1) evaluate chest radiography (CR) and computed tomography (CT) findings in pediatric patients with laryngoscopically confirmed laryngeal cleft and (2) determine whether CT provided additional information over CR in evaluating lung abnormalities in pediatric patients with laryngeal cleft.MethodsTwo pediatric radiologists performed a retrospective review of CRs and CTs in pediatric patients with laryngoscopically confirmed laryngeal cleft from January, 2002 to January, 2010. Lungs were evaluated for pattern (airspace or interstitial), distribution (upper, middle, or lower lung zones), and extent (<25% or >25%) of abnormalities on CRs and CTs. In patients who had both CR and CT, CT findings were compared with concurrent CRs to determine whether CT provided additional information and resulted in alterations in patient management.ResultsThe final study cohort consisted of 67 pediatric patients (37 males and 30 females; mean age 3.0 years ± 3.5 years; range 25 days to 17.5 years) who had CR. Sixteen (24%) of these 67 patients had both CR and CT. Chest radiographs were abnormal in 47 patients (70%) which included consolidation (n = 35; 74%) and reticular opacities in 12 patients (26%). Lung parenchymal abnormalities were observed in the upper (n = 10; 21%), middle (n = 2; 4%), or lower (n = 35; 75%) lung zones on CR. The extent of lung parenchymal abnormalities was >25% in 30 patients (64%) and <25% in 17 patients (36%). Chest CT examinations were abnormal in all 16 patients (100%) who had available chest CT examinations, which included consolidation (n = 9; 56%) and reticular opacities (n = 7; 44%). Lung parenchymal abnormalities were observed in the upper (n = 2; 12.5%) or lower (n = 14; 87.5%) lung zones on CT. The extent of lung abnormalities was >25% in 10 patients (60%) and <25% in six patients (40%). CT provided major additional findings in 12 patients (75%) and minor findings in four patients (25%). Additionally, CT improved the evaluation of the distribution and extent of lung abnormalities in 11 patients (69%). The additional information provided by CT resulted in alteration of patient management in seven patients (43.8%).ConclusionsAmong pediatric patients with laryngeal cleft, CR and CT often show lung abnormalities such as consolidation and reticular opacities. CT frequently provides additional information, which may change patient management. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:1128–1133. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling the Anisotropic Deformation Response of β‐HMX Molecular Crystals
Authors: Zamiri Amir Reza , De Suvranu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a computational model for the anisotropic plastic response of β‐HMX molecular crystals based upon experimental data. While phenomenological models of β‐HMX currently exist, they are inadequate as they cannot account for the orientation dependence of the observed response. The proposed model, on the other hand, successfully predicts the experimentally observed highly anisotropic and orientation dependent yield surfaces of β‐HMX molecular crystals having different crystal orientations. The model also correctly predicts the anisotropic plastic yielding of β‐HMX under uniaxial compression at different temperatures along different crystallographic directions. The model presented in this paper may be extended to predict the yielding and elastic–plastic deformation of other energetic molecular crystals.
Study of TATP: Formation of New Chloroderivates of Triacetone Triperoxide
Authors: Matyáš Robert , Jirásko Robert , Lyčka Antonín , Pachmáň Jiří 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe existence of two new types of chloroderivates of cyclic acetone peroxides – 3‐(chloromethyl)‐3,6,6,9,9‐pentamethyl‐1,2,4,5,7,8‐hexoxonane and 3,6‐bis(chloromethyl)‐3,6,9,9‐tetramethyl‐1,2,4,5,7,8‐hexoxonane was proved by HPLC/MS/MS and NMR in the reaction products when acetone and hydrogen peroxide are mixed in the presence of excess hydrochloric acid (molar ratio hydrochloric acid to acetone nc/na=2.5). The details of analysis, and the conditions under which these asymmetric chloroderivates of cyclic peroxides form, are described.
Sharp bound and free exciton lines from homoepitaxial AlN
Authors: Feneberg Martin , Neuschl Benjamin , Thonke Klaus , Collazo Ramón , Rice Anthony , Sitar Zlatko , Dalmau Rafael , Xie Jinqiao , Mita Seiji , Goldhahn Rüdiger 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMOCVD AlN layers grown in c‐direction on PVT bulk AlN substrates are investigated by high‐resolution photoluminescence in the energy region of the band gap. The experiments allow for observation of different donor bound exciton lines with a full width at half maximum below 0.5 meV. Assignments are suggested for the substitutional shallow donors silicon and oxygen. The visibility of an excited state of the free exciton with a hole from the highest valence band allows to determine the exciton binding energy to 52.4 meV by use of a simple hydrogen model. The resulting band gap energy is 6.094 eV at 10 K. Comparison with earlier reports on homoepitaxial AlN leads to a new identification of the bands reported there.
Remnant magnetoresistance effect at the intersection of two ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As nanowires
Authors: Andrearczyk Tomasz , Wosinski Tadeusz , Figielski Tadeusz , Makosa Andrzej , Krogulec Iwona , Wróbel Jerzy , Sadowski Janusz 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCross‐like nanostructures composed of two perpendicular ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As nanowires were fabricated using electron‐beam lithography patterning. Nanostructures of different orientations with respect to the crystallographic axes of the parent (Ga,Mn)As epitaxial layer were studied. Electrical resistance of individual nanowires as a function of applied magnetic field were investigated at low temperatures. Low‐field magnetoresistance (MR) of the nanowires exhibits hysteresis‐like behaviour and related remnant resistance in zero magnetic field. These effects are explained in terms of magnetic domain walls (DWs) pinned at the wires intersection, which contribute to the wire resistance. The DW resistivity, which depends on the degree of spin misalignment in the wall, has been determined to be of the order of 1 Ω µm2. High‐field MR has, in turn, allowed determining the lithography‐induced anisotropy field for the nanowires of different crystallographic orientations.
Synthesis and properties of Na3YSi2O7:Eu3+ phosphor for fluorescent lamp
Authors: Sakamoto T. , Kousaka S. , Uematsu K. , Ishigaki T. , Toda K. , Sato M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEu3+ doped Na3YSi2O7 phosphors were prepared by a solid state reaction. It was found that the excitation spectra included two regions: i.e. the broad excitation band at 237 nm and narrow peaks at 395 nm and 463 nm. The peak located at 237 nm was assigned to the combination of the charge transfer transition of O‐Eu, while the peaks at 395 nm and 463 nm were assigned to the f‐f transitions of Eu3+. The emission spectrum was dominated by the red peak located at 612 nm due to the electric dipole transition of 5D0‐7F2. The Eu3+ doped Na3YSi2O7 phosphor was suitable for use in fluorescent lamps and white LED applications. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Telluride films and waveguides for IR integrated optics
Authors: Barthélémy Eléonore , Vigreux Caroline , Parent Gilles , Barillot Marc , Pradel Annie 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe fabrication of micro‐components for far infrared applications such as spatial interferometry requires the realization of single‐mode channel waveguides being able to work in the infrared region. One of the key issues in case of channel waveguides is the selection of materials for the core layer. Amorphous telluride films are particularly attractive for their transparency in a large spectral domain in the infrared region. A second key issue is the selection of an appropriate method for film deposition. Indeed, waveguides for far infrared applications are characterized by a thick core layer (10‐15 µm, typically). The challenge is thus to select a deposition method which ensures the deposition of thick films of optical quality. In this paper, it is shown that thermal co‐evaporation meets this challenge. In particular, it allows varying the composition of the films very easily and thus adjusting their optical properties (refractive index, optical band gap). The example of thermally co‐evaporated Te‐Ge films is given. Films with typical thickness of 7‐15 µm were elaborated. Their morphological, structural, thermal and optical properties were measured. A particular attention was paid to the checking of the film homogeneity. The realized waveguiding structures and their optical testing are then described. In particular, the first transmission measurements at 10.6 µm are presented. In conclusion, the feasibility of micro‐components based on the stacking and etching of chalcogenide films is demonstrated, opening the door to applications related to detection in the mid‐ and thermal infrared spectral domains (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The influence of ytterbium doping on the optical properties of tellurite glasses
Authors: Jaglarz Janusz , Reben Manuela , Burtan Bozena , Wasylak Jan , Cisowski Jan , Jarzabek Bozena 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe goal of this work was to investigate the influence of rare earth ion Yb3+ doping on the thermal and optical properties of tellurite glass (TG) of the TeO2‐ZnO‐PbO‐La2O3 system. The reflectance, transmittance and ellipsometric measurements have been done. Decreasing of the refractive index of TG with the Yb3+ ion doping has been concluded. For determination of the refractive index variation in the bulk, the small angle light scatter (SALS) measurements have been carried out. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photo induced changes in the optical properties of thermally evaporated As40Se50Sb10 films
Authors: Naik Ramakanta , Jain Arpitha , Vinod E. M. , Ganesan R. , Sangunni K. S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe thermally evaporated amorphous As40Se50Sb10 thin film of 800 nm thickness was subjected to light exposure for photo induced studies. The changes were accompanied by structural effects, which in turn, lead to changes in the optical properties. The as‐prepared and illuminated thin films were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy. The optical band gap was reduced due to photo induced effects along with the increase in disorder. These optical properties changes are due to the change of homopolar bond densities. The core level peak shifting in XPS spectra and Raman shift supports the optical changes happening in the film due to light exposure. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence studies of GaAs quantum dots and quantum rings
Authors: Nemcsics Ákos , Balázs János , Pődör Bálint , Makai János , Stemmann Andrea 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRecently, the growth of self‐assembled quantum structures has been intensively investigated for basics physics and device application. In our work, self‐assembled strain‐free GaAs quantum dots and quantum rings were investigated by the photoluminescence technique. The GaAs nanostructures are fabricated on AlGaAs (001) surface by droplet epitaxy method. Temperature dependent photoluminescence spectra were measured in the range of room temperature and 4 K. We give an explanation on the broadening of the photoluminescence peaks for different quantum structures. The calculated electronic structure is compared with the photoluminescence data (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A novel approach to deliverable power in low‐voltage DC distribution system on the basis of voltage stability
Authors: Mokhtar Yehia Doaa , Yokomizu Yasunobu , Iioka Daisuke , Watanabe Reiji , Matsumura Toshiro 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper proposes that a deliverable power through a low‐voltage DC distribution system has an upper limitation. The upper limitation of the deliverable power, Plim, is explained on the basis of a voltage instability phenomenon occurring for the load with a voltage sensitivity below 1. From theoretical‐calculation results, it is pointed out that Plim diminishes with augment in the distribution‐line length. This phenomenon becomes more distinct for the higher distribution‐line inductance per unit length. Connection of the capacitor to the receiving end of the distribution line is discussed as a method for rising Plim. Measurements of the voltage waveform at the load terminals successfully support Plim derived from the theoretical calculation. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A study of mesh deformation methods for magnetic field analysis
Authors: Miwa Masahiko , Tani Koji , Yamada Takashi , Wakao Shinji 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we describe a study of mesh deformation methods for magnetic field analysis. We propose an efficient method that is a combination of two conventional mesh deformation methods. We numerically estimate the basic performance of the proposed method and conventional methods using three‐dimensional mesh models for magnetic field analysis. We highlight the advantages of the proposed method with respect to its robustness and computational cost. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bio‐distribution and in vivo antioxidant effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles in mice
Authors: Hirst Suzanne Marie , Karakoti Ajay , Singh Sanjay , Self William , Tyler Ron , Seal Sudipta , Reilly Christopher M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCerium oxide nanoparticles have oxygen defects in their lattice structure that enables them to act as a regenerative free radical scavenger in a physiological environment. We performed a comprehensive in vivo analysis of the biological distribution and antioxidant capabilities of nanoceria administered to mice perorally (PO), intravenously (IV), or intraperitoneally (IP) by dosing animals weekly for 2 or 5 weeks with 0.5 mg kg−1 nanoceria. Next, we examined if nanoceria administration would decrease ROS production in mice treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Our results showed that the most extensive and cumulative nano‐deposition was via IV and IP administered while PO administration showed mice excreted greater than 95% of their nanoceria within 24 h. Organ deposition for IV and IP mice was greatest in the spleen followed by the liver, lungs, and kidneys. Elimination for all administration routes was through feces. Nanoceria administration showed no overt toxicity, however, WBC counts were elevated with IV and IP administration. Our in vivo studies show that nanoceria administration to mice with induced liver toxicity (by CCl4) showed similar findings to mice treated with N‐acetyl cystine (NAC), a common therapeutic to reduce oxidative stress. Taken together, our studies show that nanoceria remains deposited in tissues and may decrease ROS, thereby suggesting that cerium oxide nanoparticles may be a useful antioxidant treatment for oxidative stress. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2013.
Design and coordination of a capacitor and on‐load tap changer system for voltage control in a wind power plant of doubly fed induction generator wind turbines
Authors: Martínez Jorge , Rodriguez Pedro , Kjær Philip C. , Teodorescu Remus 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTLarger percentages of wind power penetration into the grid translate to more demanding requirements coming from grid codes; for example, voltage support at the point of connection has been introduced recently by several grid codes from around the world, thus making it important to analyse this control. Voltage control is actuated by reactive power injection, and for a wind power plant of doubly fed generator turbines, reactive power capability can be a challenge, which typically is overcome by installing reactive power compensators. The integration and the interaction between all these reactive power sources and the on‐load tap changer of the main substation transformer need to be analysed and taken into account in the control design.In this paper, a novel coordination and control strategy for capacitor banks and on‐load tap changer for a wind power plant is introduced. The capacitor banks are controlled in such way that the steady‐state usage of the converters for reactive power injection is driven below to a maximum desired value of 0.1 pu. Additionally, the control transients because of the capacitor bank switching are minimized by using a suitable control structure. The tap changer control is coordinated with the plant control to decrease the impact of the capacitors reactive power in the line drop calculation, thus reducing the amount of tap operations and improving the accuracy of the line drop voltage estimation.The coordination of the central controller with the plant components is analysed and tested through electromagnetic transient program simulations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of compensatory inhibitor domain mutants to novel activation domain variants using the split‐ubiquitin screen
Authors: Campbell Robert N. , Westhorpe Frederick , Reece Richard J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe control of transcription factor function plays an important role in the development of many processes in eukaryotes, such as drug resistance in fungi and human tumours undergoing chemotherapy. Detailed molecular mapping of the interactions between transcription factors and their protein partners can give important information about their mechanisms of action and reveal potential therapeutic targets. We devised a genetic screening system for mapping the interaction site between the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor‐inhibitor pair Gal4p and Gal80p. A novel Gal4p activation domain mutant, L868K, was produced, which prevented it interacting with Gal80p. The split‐ubiquitin system was used with a mutant GAL80 library in order to screen for compensatory mutants in Gal80p which would restore binding with L868K. Five single amino acid residue compensatory mutations in Gal80p which restored the interaction with Gal4p(L868K) were isolated. These compensatory mutations were specific to L868K as they were unable to restore the interaction with two other Gal4p mutants that were incapable of interacting with Gal80p. Mutations within Gal80p that were capable of compensating for Gal4p (L868K) clustered inside a Gal80p surface cleft, supporting the idea that this area is important for Gal4p binding. Our data suggest a way to generate information about interaction sites that should be applicable to any transcription factor. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Putting a value on the avoidance of false positive results when screening for inherited metabolic disease in the newborn
Authors: Dixon Simon , Shackley Phil , Bonham Jim , Ibbotson Rachel 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDespite the increase in the number of inherited metabolic diseases that can be detected at birth using a single dried blood spot sample, the impact of false positive results on parents remains a concern. We used an economic approach – the contingent valuation method – which asks parents to give their maximum willingness to pay for an extension in a screening programme and the degree to which the potential for false positive results diminishes their valuations. 160 parents of a child or children under the age of 16 years were surveyed and given descriptions of the current screening programme in the UK, an extended programme and an extended programme with no false positives. 148 (92.5%) respondents said they would accept the screen for the five extra conditions in an expanded screening programme whilst 10 (6.3%) said they would not and two were unsure. When asked to indicate if they would choose to be screened under an expanded screening programme with no false positive results, 152 (95%) said they would, five (3.1%) said they would not, two were unsure, and there was one non‐response. 151 (94.4%) said they preferred the hypothetical test with no false‐positives. The mean willingness to pay for the expanded programme was £178 compared to £219 for the hypothetical expanded programme without false positives (p > 0.05). The results suggest that there is widespread parental support for extended screening in the UK and that the number of false‐positives is a relatively small issue.
State-to-state differential and relative integral cross sections for rotationally inelastic scattering of H2O by hydrogen
Authors: Yang C.-H. , Sarma G. , Parker D. H. , ter Meulen J. J. , Wiesenfeld L. 
Published: May 2011

State-to-state differential cross sections (DCSs) for rotationally inelastic scattering of H2O by H2 have been measured at 71.2 meV (574 cm−1) and 44.8 meV (361 cm−1) collision energy using crossed molecular beams combined with velocity map imaging. A molecular beam containing variable compositions of the (J = 0, 1, 2) rotational states of hydrogen collides with a molecular beam of argon seeded with water vapor that is cooled by supersonic expansion to its lowest para or ortho rotational levels (JKaKc = 000 and 101, respectively). Angular speed distributions of fully specified rotationally excited final states are obtained using velocity map imaging. Relative integral cross sections are obtained by integrating the DCSs taken with the same experimental conditions. Experimental state-specific DCSs are compared with predictions from fully quantum scattering calculations on the most complete H2O-H2 potential energy surface. Comparison of relative total cross sections and state-specific DCSs show excellent agreement with theory in almost all details.