bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic dental injuries – knowledge and awareness among present and prospective teachers in selected urban and rural areas of Norway
Authors: Skeie Marit S. , Audestad Esther , Bårdsen Asgeir 
Published: May 2010

Abstract –  Aim:  to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in children and adolescents among present and prospective teachers in selected parts of Norway.Material and methods:  This was a descriptive cross‐sectional study among present and prospective teachers. It was based on a questionnaire about TDI in children and adolescents (7–15 years of age). The participants originated from two areas, one rural and one urban. The teacher trainee students were from classes focusing on sport and physical education. Chi‐square tests were used for comparisons of groups of responders and relevant variables.Results:  A total of 143 individuals responded to the questionnaire (response rate 73.7%). Few respondents were aware of the existence of information about managing TDI at their respective schools. Only one responder (rural area) had had any education about TDI, although more than one‐third of all the teachers had encountered TDI in school settings. Knowledge related to handling avulsed teeth was lower compared with handling crown fractures. Generally, the teachers had a higher level of knowledge related to the correct handling of TDI compared with the student group and they were also more confident in their respective decisions than the younger group.Conclusions:  The findings revealed poor knowledge and awareness of TDI among present and prospective teachers in selected parts of Norway.
Review of recommendations for the management of dental trauma presented in first‐aid textbooks and manuals
Authors: Emerich Katarzyna , Gazda Ewa 
Published: May 2010

Abstract –  Background:  To be able to help at the site of the oro‐facial injury, the majority of persons would turn to medical books and first‐aid books to extend their knowledge. Proper information in first‐aid textbooks and manuals should be the best way to present necessary procedures on how to act at the site of injury. The objective of this review is to report the quality of the knowledge presented in first‐aid books and manuals. Methods:  We carried out a review of first‐aid international textbooks and manuals available in Medical University Libraries in Poland. The inclusion criteria were all manuals on first‐aid that were written for medical staff and lay persons, and were published between 1969 and 2007. All texts were screened for dental trauma treatment recommendations. Results:  Our literature review has shown that among 45 first‐aid textbooks and manuals only 19 mention procedures for use in case of dental trauma. Of those texts, only 13 detail the storage media for an avulsed tooth until replantation. Conclusions:  Current, evidence‐based, recommendations concerning first‐aid procedures after dental trauma should be incorporated in forthcoming editions of first‐aid textbooks and manuals. The guidance on procedures contained in reviewed texts is misleading.
Clinical, Tomographic, and Histological Assessment of Periosteal Guided Bone Regeneration with Cortical Perforations in Advanced Human Critical Size Defects
Authors: Verdugo Fernando , D'Addona Antonio , Pontón José 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTBackground: Large osseous defects that fail to heal spontaneously require ridge augmentation prior to implant placement. The periosteum can act as an effective barrier membrane. Little is known about the influence of bone decortication in enhancing guided bone regeneration outcomes.Purpose: The aim of the present study was a clinical, tomographic, and histological evaluation of bone healing in large defect sites treated with cortical perforations without the use of other membranes but the periosteum.Material and Methods: Ten consecutive patients undergoing ridge augmentation on the pre‐maxilla due to severe bone loss were followed for an average of 35 months. Recipient sites were cortico‐perforated and augmented using a combination of autogenous particulate and block grafts. The periosteal membrane was preserved and it fully covered the autografts. Histological analysis was performed in four sites from a trephine core taken at the time of implant osteotomy preparation. Tomographic assessment (computed tomography [CT] scan) at baseline and post‐augmentation evaluated graft volume maintenance.Results: Recipient sites were re‐entered for implant placement showing good incorporation of the grafts with minimal volume loss. Biopsy specimens showed viable bone rich in osteoblast‐like cells with little or no inflammatory cells. Clinical exam revealed absence of implant transparency, mucosal recession, mobility, bleeding on probing, or suppuration at follow‐up. CT scan evaluation showed an average increased bucco‐lingual width at the recipient site of 8.1 mm ± 0.9 (2.5 fold) versus a 3.2 ± 0.9 at baseline (p < .0001; CI 95%: 4.04–5.71 mm), maintaining on average 98% of the augmented width at 2.9 years.Conclusions: Periosteal preservation seems to be sufficient as a barrier membrane to protect particulate or block osseous grafts provided that good primary closure is achieved. Bone decortication may enhance clinical and histological outcomes. Graft viability (biopsy specimens) and volume maintenance (CT evaluation) remained stable 35 months post‐augmentation.
Stability Evaluation of Implants Integrated in Grafted and Nongrafted Maxillary Bone: A Clinical Study from Implant Placement to Abutment Connection
Authors: Rasmusson Lars , Thor Andreas , Sennerby Lars 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTBackground: Clinical studies have shown a higher degree of implant failures in grafted bone compared with normal nongrafted maxillary bone. Additionally, a prolonged time for integration of titanium implants in grafted block bone has been shown by means of resonance frequency analysis (RFA).Purpose: The aim of this prospective study was to compare the stability of implants placed in particulate bone, onlay block bone, interpositional bone, and nongrafted maxillary bone during the early phase of osseointegration using RFA and implant failure.Material and Methods: Thirty‐five patients with edentulism in the maxilla were included in the study. In all, 260 Astra Tech TiOblast™ implants (Astra Tech AB, Mölndal, Sweden) were installed. Twenty‐five of these patients had severe maxillary atrophy and were treated with iliac bone grafts 5 to 6 months prior to implant placement, 19 with lateral onlay block grafts on one side (group A, 38 implants) and particulate bone for lateral augmentation on the other (group B, 38 implants). These 19 patients also got bilateral sinus floor augmentation with particulate bone (group C, 76 implants). Six patients had an unfavorable sagittal relation between the jaws and underwent a LeFort I operation with interpositional bone blocks grafted to the nasal and sinus floors (group D, 48 implants). The remaining 10 patients could be treated with implants without bone augmentation and served as control (group E, 60 implants). RFA was performed at implant placement and abutment connection 6 months later and an implant stability quotient (ISQ) value was given for each implant.Results: Four implants (1.5%) were found mobile at abutment connection and removed (two in group A and two in group D). RFA showed a slight increase in stability from installation to abutment connection but the differences were not statistically significant in any of the groups (Wilcoxon signed rank test for comparison of paired data).Implants installed in group D had a significantly lower ISQ value at both measurements compared with the other groups (Wilcoxon Rank Sum test for comparisons of independent samples, p = .05).Conclusion: It is concluded that TiO2‐blasted implants placed in nongrafted and grafted maxillary bone using a two‐staged protocol show similar stability during the early phase of osseointegration. Patients reconstructed with interpositional bone graft after a LeFort I osteotomy showed lower implant stability values than nongrafted patients and other grafting techniques.
Absorbed Radiation Doses During Tomographic Examinations in Dental Implant Planning: A Study in Humans
Authors: Zenóbio Elton G. , Zenóbio Madelon A. F. , Nogueira Maria S. , Silva Teógenes A. , Shibli Jamil A. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this human study was to evaluate the radiation doses in the buccal cavity and face, during panoramic, spiral conventional tomography, and helicoidal computerized tomography exams.Material and Methods: Lithium fluoride TL detectors (TLD‐100) were placed on the skin at anatomic points such as parotid glands, submandibular glands, thyroid glands, and crystalline to assess the skin entrance dose in 19 patients who were to undergo dental implant surgery.Results: In the panoramic exam, maximum doses were observed near the parotid glands at 1.57 (±18%) mGy on the right and 1.89 (±18%) mGy on the left. In the spiral conventional tomography exam, the maximum dose was 4.41 (±21%) mGy near the right and left parotid glands, whereas near the right or left submandibular glands, the maximum doses reached 40.7 (±18%) mGy. In the helicoidal computerized tomography for mandibular and maxilla exams, the maximum dose was 40.9 (±15%) mGy near the parotid glands and 41.0 (±18%) mGy near the submandibular glands. Near the thyroid and eye lens, doses were lower than 0.23 (±21%) in all exams.Conclusion: Regardless of the exam target area, the submandibular and parotid glands represented the most irradiated organs. This data suggests that efforts should be made by professionals to improve and optimize methods in order to reduce doses without losing the information necessary for treatment planning.
Rehabilitation of Edentulous Mandibles by Means of Four TiUnite™ Implants after One‐Stage Surgery: A 1‐Year Retrospective Study of 75 Patients
Authors: Friberg Bertil , Jemt Torsten 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTBackground: Recently, the present team reported the 1‐year data of a one‐stage surgery and mainly early loading with five supporting implants in completely edentulous mandibles, indicating more bone loss at the central implant, placed in the midline of the jaw.Purpose: The aim of the present retrospective investigation was to evaluate the 1‐year results of the same treatment technique with four instead of five supporting implants in completely edentulous mandibles. The outcome was compared with that of a former study (control) on five implants per patient during first year of function.Materials and Methods: The present study comprised 75 patients with a total of 300 TiUnite™ implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) of mainly the Brånemark System ≥ Mark III design. The prosthetic procedure started and was completed on an average of 9.1 days (standard deviation [SD] 4.47) and 33.2 days (SD 16.09) after the surgical intervention, respectively. Intraoral radiographs were obtained at prosthesis insertion and at the 1‐year follow‐up visit. Failure rates of test and control groups were compared by means of the chi‐squared test.Results: All four implants in one patient were found to be mobile at the first annual check‐up, resulting in an implant cumulative survival rate (CSR) of 98.5%. The corresponding CSR for the control group was 100% (p > 0.05). The mean marginal bone resorption during the first year of function was 0.3 mm (SD 0.74) as compared with 0.5 (SD 0.56) mm for the control group (p > 0.05).Conclusions: The outcome of 300 TiUnite™ implants placed in 75 patients with edentulous mandibles, of which 268 implants in 67 patients were followed for 1 year, showed an implant CSR of 98.5%. The implant survival was not significantly different from that of the control study result of 100%, in which five instead of four supporting implants were used. The levels of marginal bone were close to identical for the corresponding test and control implants at the 1‐year check‐up.
Expression of Cyclic AMP-dependent Protein Kinase Isoforms in Human Cavernous Arteries: Functional Significance and Relation to Phosphodiesterase Type 4
Authors: Waldkirch Eginhard S. , Ückert Stefan , Sigl Katja , Satzger Imke , Geismar Ulrike , Langnäse Kristina , Richter Karin , Sohn Michael , Kuczyk Markus A. , Hedlund Petter 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (cAK) is considered a key protein in the control of smooth muscle tone in the cardiovascular system. There is evidence that erectile dysfunction might be linked to systemic vascular disorders and arterial insufficiency, subsequently resulting in structural changes in the penile tissue. The expression and significance of cAK in human cavernous arteries (HCA) have not been evaluated.

Aims
To evaluate the expression of cAK isoforms in HCA and examine the role of cAK in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)- and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-mediated control of penile vascular smooth muscle.

Methods
The expression and distribution of phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) and cAK isoforms in sections of HCA were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The effects of the cAK inhibitor Rp-8-CPT-cAMPS on the relaxation of isolated preparations of HCA (diameter &gt; 100 µm) induced by rolipram, sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil were studied using the organ bath technique.

Main Outcome Measures
Investigate the expression of cAK in relation to α-actin and PDE4 in HCA and evaluate the effects of an inhibition of cAK on the relaxation induced by inhibitors of PDE4 and PDE5 of isolated penile arteries.

Results
Immunosignals specific for cAKIα, IIα, and IIβ were observed within the wall of HCA. Double stainings revealed colocalization of cAK with α-actin and PDE4. The expression of cAK isoforms was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The reversion of tension induced by inhibitors of PDE4 and PDE5 of isolated penile vascular tissue were attenuated significantly by Rp-8-CPT-cAMPS.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate the expression of cAK isoforms in the smooth musculature of HCA and its colocalization with PDE4. A significant role for cAK in the regulation mediated by cAMP and cGMP of vascular smooth muscle tone in HCA can also be assumed.
Physiology of Women’s Sexual Function: Basic Knowledge and New Findings
Authors: Salonia Andrea , Giraldi Annamaria , Chivers Meredith L. , Georgiadis Janniko R. , Levin Roy , Maravilla Kenneth R. , McCarthy Margaret M. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionData concerning the physiology of female sexual functioning are still obtained from animal studies, but an increasing amount of novel evidence comes from human studies.AimTo gain knowledge of psychological and biologic physiology of women’s sexual functioning, mainly addressing sexual arousal and orgasm.MethodsA broad-based literature review of current knowledge of the psychological and biologic physiology aspects of women’s sexual functioning.ResultsA comprehensive understanding of the anatomical, neurobiological, and psychological mechanisms behind sexual function and responses is of paramount importance. A biopsychological paradigm was considered when reviewing currently available data, thus considering aspects of: (i) sexual differentiation of the brain, which is critical for sex differentiation in behavior; (ii) central neurobiology of sexual function, highlighting specific and innovative findings from neuroimaging methods that enable visualization of active brain areas during arousal and orgasm; and (iii) peripheral functional anatomy, mainly addressing genital arousal and orgasm. Translational science was also covered, providing data about the actual role of sexual arousal in women in both procreation/reproduction and recreation/pleasure. The interaction between physiological and psychological states of women’s sexual response, nonspecific sexual response, interoceptive awareness, and flexibility of sexual interests have also been addressed.ConclusionFurther research on normal physiology of women’s sexual function is needed in order to expand and “translate” current knowledge into the pathophysiological clinical setting. This manuscript encompasses data presented at the 3rd International Consultation on Sexual Medicine in Paris, France, July 10–13, 2009.
Expression of Notch signalling‐related genes in normal and differentiating rat dental pulp cells
Authors: Sun Hantang , Kawashima Nobuyuki , Xu Jing , Takahashi Satomi , Suda Hideaki 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNotch signalling is of fundamental importance to various processes during embryonic development and in adults. The possible role of Hey1, an important Notch signalling component, in odontoblast differentiation was evaluated in this study. Primary cultured dental pulp cells, derived from upper incisors of 5‐week‐old Wistar rats, were placed in α‐modification of Eagle's minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), and ascorbic acid (AA) and β‐glycerophosphate (β‐GP), with or without dexamethasone, and cultured on dishes coated with collagen type IA for 7 days. Conventional and real‐time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to determine the expression of Notch‐related genes and dentin sialophosphoprotein as a marker of odontoblast differentiation. Dentin sialophosphoprotein and Hey1 expression was significantly increased and decreased in the presence of AA + β‐GP compared with controls, respectively. These findings suggest that Hey1 may be a negative regulator in odontoblast differentiation.
In vivo comparison of the accuracy of two electronic apex locators
Authors: Silveira Luiz F. M. , Petry Fernanda V. , Martos Josué , Neto João B. C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyse in vivo the accuracy of two apex locators, Root ZX and Novapex, to determine the position of the apical constriction. Twenty‐three human single‐rooted teeth to be extracted for periodontal reasons constituted the experiment. Endodontic access was obtained and the apical constriction was determined by one of the apex locators after initial crown‐down preparation. When the electronic marker indicated that the tip of the endodontic file was at the apical constriction, the teeth were filled with composite and then surgically removed. The presence of the endodontic file tip at the apical constriction was evaluated stereomicroscopically (30×) and confirming radiographs were exposed. The accuracy of Root ZX and Novapex was 91.7% and 81.8% respectively. Within the limits of this study, the evaluated apex locators have a similar clinical performance for the apical constriction location.
A comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance in reciprocating and rotary nickel‐titanium instruments
Authors: Wan Jeffrey , Rasimick Brian J. , Musikant Barry L. , Deutsch Allan S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe cyclic fatigue resistance of four nickel‐titanium endodontic instruments was compared. K3, ProFile and GT Series X rotary instruments were examined along with SafeSiders reciprocating instruments. 30/0.04 instruments at 25 mm length were compared. Cyclic fatigue testing was conducted by operating instruments in artificially constructed stainless steel canals with 30° and 45° angles of curvature and 5 mm and 7.5 mm radii of curvature. The time and cycles to failure were recorded for 192 samples. Statistical analysis was performed with three‐way anova and the Student‐Neuman‐Keuls multiple comparisons testing. With a 5 min maximum running time, no SafeSiders samples were observed to separate. ProFile and GT Series X instruments were found to be significantly more resistant than K3 instruments (P < 0.001) for all experiment groups. There was no statistical difference between ProFile and GT Series X files (P < 0.582).
Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) receptors in patients with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL)
Authors: DZIETCZENIA J. , WRÓBEL T. , JAŹWIEC B. , MAZUR G. , BUTRYM A. , PORĘBA R. , KULICZKOWSKI K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional cytokines which belong to transforming growth factor β (TGF β) superfamily. They regulate proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in a variety of cells including hematopoietic cells. BMPs act because of binding to two types of serine/threonine kinase receptors: BMP type I receptors (IA and IB) and BMP type II receptor. Deregulation of BMPs signaling pathways has been reported in some of human cancers, but the role of BMPs in hematopoietic malignancies remains unknown. The aim of our study was to examine the percentage of expression of BMPs receptors on lymphocytes of patients with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL). A total of 46 patients with B‐CLL (27 men and 19 women) and 10 healthy persons were evaluated. Freshly isolated mononuclear cells were incubated with antibodies against BMPs receptors: BMPRIA, BMPRIB, and BMPRII and examined in 2‐color flow cytometry. On cells of patients with B‐CLL, the percentage of expression of BMP RIA, BMP RIB, and BMP RII was significantly higher than in normal cells of the control group. The percentage of the expression of BMP RIA and BMP RIB was higher in patients with advanced stage of disease.
Lipophilic Bisphosphonates Are Potent Inhibitors of
Plasmodium
Liver-Stage Growth
Authors: Singh Agam Prasad , Zhang Yonghui , No Joo-Hwan , Docampo Roberto , Nussenzweig Victor , Oldfield Eric 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, drugs used to treat bone resorption diseases, also have activity against a broad range of protists, including blood-stage
Plasmodium
spp. Here, we show that new-generation “lipophilic” bisphosphonates designed as anticancer agents that block protein prenylation also have potent activity against
Plasmodium
liver stages, with a high (>100) therapeutic index. Treatment of mice with the bisphosphonate BPH-715 and challenge with
Plasmodium berghei
sporozoites revealed complete protection (no blood-stage parasites after 28 days). There was also activity against blood-stage forms
in vitro
and a 4-day delay in the prepatent period
in vivo
. The lipophilic bisphosphonates have activity against a
Plasmodium
geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS), as well as low nM activity against human farnesyl and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases. The most active inhibitor
in vitro
and
in vivo
had enzyme inhibitory activity similar to that of the other, less active compounds but was more lipophilic. Lipophilic bisphosphonates are thus promising leads for novel antimalarials that target liver-stage infection.