bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actin filaments and microtubule dual‐granule transport in human adhered platelets: the role of α‐dystrobrevins
Authors: Cerecedo Doris , Cisneros Bulmaro , Mondragón Ricardo , González Sirenia , Galván Iván J. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryUpon activation with physiological stimuli, human platelets undergo morphological changes, centralizing their organelles and secreting effector molecules at the site of vascular injury. Previous studies have indicated that the actin filaments and microtubules of suspension‐activated platelets play a critical role in granule movement and exocytosis; however, the participation of these cytoskeleton elements in adhered platelets remains unexplored. α‐ and β‐dystrobrevin members of the dystrophin‐associated protein complex in muscle and non‐muscle cells have been described as motor protein receptors that might participate in the transport of cellular components in neurons. Recently, we characterized the expression of dystrobrevins in platelets; however, their functional diversity within this cellular model had not been elucidated. The present study examined the contribution of actin filaments and microtubules in granule trafficking during the platelet adhesion process using cytoskeleton‐disrupting drugs, quantification of soluble P‐selectin, fluorescence resonance transfer energy analysis and immunoprecipitation assays. Likewise, we assessed the interaction of α‐dystrobrevins with the ubiquitous kinesin heavy chain. Our results strongly suggest that microtubules and actin filaments participate in the transport of alpha and dense granules in the platelet adhesion process, during which α‐dystrobrevins play the role of regulatory and adaptor proteins that govern trafficking events.
Genetic susceptibility, smoking, obesity and risk of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Severinsen Marianne T. , Overvad Kim , Johnsen Søren P. , Dethlefsen Claus , Madsen Poul H. , Tjønneland Anne , Kristensen Søren R. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryThe F5 G1691A (Factor V Leiden) and F2 G20210A (prothrombin) mutations are linked to an increase in the incidence rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but their effects are highly variable. We investigated whether the effects of smoking and obesity might explain this variability. In a case‐cohort study including the participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health study, we computed incidence rates and Cox proportional hazard ratios for VTE in individuals with and without the mutations, categorized by weight and tobacco consumption. The sole effect of heavy smoking was 128 extra VTE events per 100 000 person years in individuals with the F5 G1691A mutation versus 59 in individuals without. The sole effect of obesity was 222 extra VTE events per 100 000 person years in individuals with the F5 G1691A mutation, versus 103 in individuals without this mutation; and 705 extra VTE events per 100 000 person years in individuals with the F2 G20210A mutation versus 107 in individuals without this mutation. The F5 G1691A and F2 G20210A mutations conferred increased susceptibility to the unfavourable effects of smoking and obesity on the risk for VTE. Thus, individuals with genetic risk factors for VTE might benefit from maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Non‐Homologous End‐Joining Gene Profiling Reveals Distinct Expression Patterns Associated with Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Roddam Philippa L. , Allan James M. , Dring Ann M. , Worrillow Lisa J. , Davies Faith E. , Morgan Gareth J. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryRepair of DNA strand breaks induced during lymphoid antigen receptor rearrangement involves non‐homologous end‐joining (NHEJ). We investigated NHEJ in the aetiology of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) and the disease subtypes therein through real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR gene expression analysis. Lower expression of XRCC6 and MRE11A was observed in all tumours, with higher expression of both XRCC4 and RAD50 observed only in multiple myeloma (MM). Hierarchical clustering enabled tumours to be clearly distinguished from controls, and by morphological sub‐type. We postulate this identifies targets worthy of investigation in the genetic predisposition, pathogenesis and prognosis of lymphoid malignancies.
Managing anticoagulated patients during neuraxial anaesthesia
Authors: Green Laura , Machin Samuel J. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryThe widespread use of central neuraxial block (CNB) and the prevalence of anticoagulation for different indications have led to an inevitable overlap between the two. The most serious complication of CNB in anticoagulated patients is the risk of spinal/epidural haematoma. Performing CNB in these patients is a complex decision that should take into account the twin risks of bleeding and venous/arterial thrombosis if anticoagulation therapies were to be stopped. Various guidelines have been issued to achieve normal haemostasis and thus allow safe administration of CNB. However, the evidence base for many such recommendations is weak, relying mainly on case reports, small studies and pharmacokinetics of the drugs. Given these limitations it is crucial to fully assess individual risk factors and understand anticoagulant pharmacokinetics in order to appropriately set time intervals for catheter insertion/removal. This paper will review traditional and newer anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapies with a view to improving the management of anticoagulated patients undergoing CNB.
Multifocusing revisited ‐ inhomogeneous media and curved interfaces*
Authors: Landa Evgeny , Keydar Shemer , Jan Moser Tijmen 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTWe review the multifocusing method for traveltime moveout approximation of multicoverage seismic data. Multifocusing constructs the moveout based on two notional spherical waves at each source and receiver point, respectively. These two waves are mutually related by a focusing quantity. We clarify the role of this focusing quantity and emphasize that it is a function of the source and receiver location, rather than a fixed parameter for a given multicoverage gather. The focusing function can be designed to make the traveltime moveout exact in certain generic cases that have practical importance in seismic processing and interpretation. The case of a plane dipping reflector (planar multifocusing) has been the subject of all publications so far. We show that the focusing function can be generalized to other surfaces, most importantly to the spherical reflector (spherical multifocusing). At the same time, the generalization implies a simplification of the multifocusing method. The exact traveltime moveout on spherical surfaces is a very versatile and robust formula, which is valid for a wide range of offsets and locations of source and receiver, even on rugged topography. In two‐dimensional surveys, it depends on the same three parameters that are commonly used in planar multifocusing and the common‐reflection surface (CRS) stack method: the radii of curvature of the normal and normal‐incidence‐point waves and the emergence angle. In three dimensions the exact traveltime moveout on spherical surfaces depends on only one additional parameter, the inclination of the plane containing the source, receiver and reflection point. Comparison of the planar and spherical multifocusing with the CRS moveout expression for a range of reflectors with increasing curvature shows that the planar multifocusing can be remarkably accurate but the CRS becomes increasingly inaccurate. This can be attributed to the fact that the CRS formula is based on a Taylor expansion, whereas the multifocusing formulae are double‐square root formulae. As a result, planar and spherical multifocusing are better suited to model the moveout of diffracted waves.
Trust in Nurses Scale: construct validity and internal reliability evaluation
Authors: Radwin Laurel E. , Cabral Howard J. 
Published: February 2010

radwin l.e. &cabral h.j. (2010) Trust in Nurses Scale: construct validity and internal reliability evaluation.Journal of Advanced Nursing66(3), 683–689.AbstractAim. This paper is a report of the continued psychometric evaluation of the Trust in Nurses Scale.Background. Qualitative analyses indicate that trust in nurses is critically important to adult patients. Instruments that distinctively measure this concept are lacking. A middle‐range theory of patient‐centred nursing care provided the theoretical basis for the Trust in Nurses Scale. Content validity was assessed by an expert panel and patient interviews. Construct validity and reliability were found acceptable using multi‐trait/multi‐item analysis techniques. These findings were previously reported.Methods. Construct validity and reliability of the Trust in Nurses Scale was assessed in 2007 using data collected during 2004–2005 from 187 hospitalized patients in a haematology‐oncology setting. Trust in nurses (the latent factor) was operationalized by five items (manifest variables) using confirmatory factor analyses. Fit statistics included comparative fit index, Tucker‐Lewis Index, root mean square error of approximation and the standardized root mean square residual. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using coefficient alpha.Findings. Both a five‐item and a four‐item version demonstrate acceptable psychometric properties. The five‐item version met three fit statistics criteria. Fifty‐nine per cent of the variance was explained. A four‐item version met all fit statistics criteria. Sixty‐six per cent of the variance was explained. Acceptable internal consistency reliability was found for both versions.Conclusion. Previous psychometric testing of the Trust in Nurses Scale provided evidence of the instrument’s reliability, content validity and construct validity. The presented analyses further support construct validity. Thus, cumulative findings indicate that the instrument measures with a few items the underlying concept of trust.
Evaluation of five search strategies in retrieving qualitative patient‐reported electronic data on the impact of pressure ulcers on quality of life
Authors: Gorecki Claudia A. , Brown Julia M. , Briggs Michelle , Nixon Jane 
Published: February 2010

gorecki c.a., brown j.m., briggs m. & nixon j. (2010) Evaluation of five search strategies in retrieving qualitative patient‐reported electronic data on the impact of pressure ulcers on quality of life. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(3), 645–652.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to compare the effectiveness of qualitative methodology search strategies with subject‐specific (health‐related quality of life) search strategies in the retrieval of qualitative patient‐reported data of the impact of pressure ulcers on health‐related quality of life.Background.  Methods to locate qualitative patient‐reported health‐related quality of life research data electronically have undergone little replication and validation. A major problem in searching for this type of data is that it is reported in accounts of both primary qualitative research as well as mixed methods research.Data sources.  We combined five search strategies with terms for pressure ulcer and searched seven electronic databases from inception to October 2007.Methods.  The sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy for each search strategy were assessed.Results.  A subject‐specific (health‐related quality of life) search strategy, developed by us, had a high yield (100% sensitivity), but low specificity (<50%). The research methodology‐based strategies had lower yields (sensitivity 72–83%) but high specificity (79–83%). Importantly, subject‐specific search strategies identified all studies reporting qualitative patient‐reported health‐related quality of life data, whereas, research methodology‐based strategies did not identify qualitative data reported in mixed method studies, making subject‐based strategies more effective in retrieving qualitative patient‐reported health‐related quality of life research.Conclusion.  An important consideration in the health‐related quality of life field is that qualitative data are reported in both qualitative and mixed methodology research and searching for this type data involves trade‐offs between yield, sensitivity and specificity. Accurate indexing of subject‐specific outcomes and methodology used in electronic databases and publications is also needed.
Occupational stress among hospital nurses: cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Wu Hui , Chi Tie‐Shuang , Chen Li , Wang Lie , Jin Ya‐Ping 
Published: February 2010

wu h., chi t.‐s., chen l., wang l. & jin y.‐p. (2010) Occupational stress among hospital nurses: cross‐sectional survey. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(3), 627–634.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to explore factors associated with occupational stress among female hospital nurses in China.Background.  Nursing is a highly stressful occupation, and high levels of occupational stress are believed to affect the physical and mental health of nurses. Occupational stress among nurses is the result of exposure to a combination of working environment and personal factors.Method.  A cross‐sectional study was conducted in 2008. The study population consisted of 2613 female nurses from 20 hospitals in the Liaoning province of China. Occupational stress was measured by questionnaires that included the Chinese version of Personal Strain Questionnaire, and data were collected on respondents’ demographics, working situations, occupational roles, and personal resources. Of the nurses solicited for enrolment in the study, 79·2% returned the completed questionnaire. A general linear regression model was applied to analyse the factors associated with occupational stress.Results.  Mean Personal Strain Questionnaire score was 86·9, and this score was correlated, in descending order of standardized estimate, with role boundary, role insufficiency, responsibility, social support, self‐care, nurse–patient relationship, chronic disease, role overload, rational coping and night shift.Conclusion.  Role boundary and role insufficiency were the factors that had the highest association with occupational stress. Occupational health education and occupational training programmes may be necessary to improve the knowledge and ability of nurses to cope with job demands and reduce occupational stress.
Psychometric testing of the Health Quotient questionnaire: a measure of self‐reported holistic health
Authors: Guo Jia , Dixon Jane K. , Whittemore Robin , He Guo‐Ping 
Published: February 2010

guo j., dixon j.k., whittemore r. & he g.‐p. (2010) Psychometric testing of the Health Quotient questionnaire: a measure of self‐reported holistic health. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(3), 653–663.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a test of the psychometric properties of the Health Quotient questionnaire.Background.  The Health Quotient questionnaire is an existing self‐reported holistic health measure developed by integrating Western and Eastern perspectives, but limited psychometric properties have been reported.Methods.  Content validity was estimated by five experts. A pilot study allowed for feasibility testing and examination of reliability and validity. A total of 1874 Chinese college undergraduates took part in the study in 2007–2008. Internal consistency reliability of the five dimensions (Self‐Care, Health Knowledge, Lifestyle, Mind Health and Life Skills) of the Health Quotient questionnaire was examined and item‐to‐dimension score correlation analysis was also completed. Construct validity was determined using the convergent validity, hypothesis testing approach and factor analysis. The single‐item self‐rated health status assessment by the American College Health Association‐National Council was used to measure health status.Results.  Strong content validity and internal consistency reliability correlations were demonstrated. Test‐retest reliability was acceptable, ranging from 0·72 to 0·82 for the five dimensions. Statistically significant relationships between the Health Quotient’s total and dimension scores with self‐rated health status (P < 0·001) provided evidence of convergent validity. In exploration of the factor structure by dimensions, four of five dimensions were consistent with the theoretical framework, with only the Life Skills dimension demonstrating lack of theoretical fit.Conclusion.  The results provide some evidence for the reliability and validity of the Health Quotient questionnaire, as well as several recommendations for further research on the questionnaire.
Models of disability: their influence in nursing and potential role in challenging discrimination
Authors: Scullion Philip Andrew 
Published: February 2010

scullion p.a. (2010) Models of disability: their influence in nursing and potential role in challenging discrimination. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(3), 697–707.AbstractAim.  This paper presents a discussion of medical and social models of disability associated with experiences of disabled people as citizens and patients.Background.  Disability is fairly universally a negative concept. Disabled people have frequent contact with health services, however much of this experience is viewed as discriminatory.Data sources.  Literature was obtained using the Psych‐INFO, Medline and CINAHL databases for the years 1989–2009, using derivatives of the concept ‘disability’ and associated ‘models’, and then these terms combined with ‘nursing’.Discussion.  Nursing as a profession embraces the need to avoid discrimination, yet disability as an equal opportunity issue is relatively neglected in nursing. Nursing has a moral, professional and, in some countries, a legal responsibility to promote disability equality in the provision of nursing services. Insights offered by the social model of disability may be instrumental in empowering nurses to respond to this obligation. While some groups may not be well‐represented in this model and there is risk in embracing the social model of exposing a policy‐practice divide, it nevertheless represents a powerful tool for strengthening nurses’ advocacy role. In particular, ‘social advocacy’ may be enhanced by a paradigm shift away from the medical model of disability.Implications for nursing.  Nurses have an obligation to promote disability equality in relation to the provision of health care. Adoption of the social model of disability in nursing practice, education and research as a strategy to challenge discrimination should be seriously considered.Conclusion.  The utility value of the social model of disability in strengthening the social advocacy role of nurses should be investigated.
Development of a tool to assess fidelity to a psycho‐educational intervention
Authors: Song Mi‐Kyung , Happ Mary Beth , Sandelowski Margarete 
Published: February 2010

song m.‐k., happ m.b. & sandelowski m. (2010) Development of a tool to assess fidelity to a psycho‐educational intervention.Journal of Advanced Nursing66(3), 673–682.AbstractAim. This paper is a description of a method to develop and conduct a customized psycho‐educational intervention fidelity assessment as part of pilot work for an efficacy study. A tool designed to assess treatment fidelity to a psycho‐education intervention for patients with end‐stage renal disease and their surrogate decision makers, Sharing the Patient’s Illness Representations to Increase Trust, is presented as an illustration.Background. Despite the specificity and idiosyncrasy of individual interventions and the call to systematically evaluate treatment fidelity, how to accomplish this goal has not been clarified. Tools to adequately measure treatment fidelity are lacking.Methods. We developed the Sharing the Patient’s Illness Representations to Increase Trust Treatment Fidelity Assessment tool by identifying elements that were idiosyncratic to the intervention and those that could be adapted from existing tools. The tool has four components: overall adherence to the intervention content elements; pacing of the intervention delivery; overall dyad responsiveness; and, overall quality index of intervention delivery. The study was undertaken between 2006 and 2008.Results. Inter‐rater reliability ranged from 0·80 to 0·87 for the four components. The tool showed utility in training and monitoring, such as detecting unplanned content elements delivered and the use of proscribed communication behaviours.Conclusion. Psycho‐educational interventions are one of the most common types of nursing interventions worldwide. Use of fidelity assessment tools customized to the individual interventions may enhance systematic evaluation of training and monitoring treatment fidelity.
Huntington disease: families’ experiences of healthcare services
Authors: Skirton Heather , Williams Janet K. , Jackson Barnette J. , Paulsen Jane S. 
Published: February 2010

skirton h., williams j.k., barnette j.j. & paulsen j.s. (2010) Huntington disease: families’ experiences of healthcare services. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(3), 500–510.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study of the perceptions of family caregivers regarding the availability and adequacy of health and social care services for their family member with Huntington disease, and to compare findings from these reports in United Kingdom and United States of America samples.Background.  Huntington disease is an inherited neurodegenerative condition. Family members often take responsibility for care of relatives with long‐term conditions. Studies have demonstrated there are both positive and negative outcomes for carers.Methods.  During 2006 and 2007, respondents from the United Kingdom (n = 108) and the United States (n = 119) who were caring for a relative affected with Huntington disease completed the Community Health Care Services Scale to identify areas of concern and the extent to which specific issues bothered carers. Data were analysed using statistical tests including chi‐square, t‐tests and factor analysis. Results were compared between carers in the two cohorts.Results.  Three main factors were derived: ‘community resources’, ‘individualized care’ and ‘knowledge of Huntington disease’. Carers had concerns about the knowledge of healthcare professionals providing care and thought that there were insufficient services to support them and the affected person. There were different challenges for carers when the affected person had a long‐term neurodegenerative condition because these carers were also likely to have responsibilities for earning and caring for children.Conclusion.  Comprehensive facilities and resources are needed to support families affected by long‐term complex conditions. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of the health needs of carers as well as those of the affected person.