bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of garlic and vitamin B-complex in lead acetate induced toxicities in mice
Authors: Khan MSH , Mostofa M , Jahan MS , Sayed MA , Hossain MA 
Published: April 2009

The experiment was performed on 25 adult mice, (Swiss albino), weighing about 25 gm, maintained on standard pellet diet and drinking water ad libitum. All the mice were randomly divided into five equal groups (5x5). Each group comprised of five mice was marked as group A, B, C, D and E. In the present study an attempt has been taken to study the effect of Garlic and vitamin B-complex in lead induced toxicities in mice with the observation of some parameters as toxic signs and body weight, some haematological parameters like total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin content (Hb%) and Packed cell volume (PCV), some biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase SGPT/ALT, Serum glutamate Oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT/AST) and postmortem changes in mice. An attempt was also made to estimate the residual deposition of lead in body tissues i.e. blood, liver, kidney, brain and bone in mice. Mice treated with lead acetate showed severe toxic signs and significantly reduced total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, haemoglobin content and packed cell volume and significant elevation of SGPT and SGOT. But in case of mice treated by lead acetate along with Garlic and vitamin B-complex showed almost normal levels of haematological and biochemical parameters. From this experiment it is revealed that Garlic and vitamin B-complex has protective and curative effect in lead toxicity. The mean body weight of mice of group B (only lead acetate) was significantly (p < 0.01) decreased, in comparison with the other treated groups. Lead acetate group also significantly reduced (p < 0.01) total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and hemoglobin content was on 42 days of treatment. SGPT and SGOT were significantly elevated in all treated groups in comparison with control group. The liver of the mice of group B were blackish discoloration and enlarged. The significant reduction of lead in blood, liver and kidney was found in group E < C< D in comparison to group B (lead treated). The order of effectiveness was Garlic + Vitamin B- complex > Garlic > Vitamin Bcomplex. Key words: Garlic, vitamin B-complex, lead acetate, mice Â doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2337 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 203-210
Physical and microbial qualities of raw milk collected from Bangladesh Agricultural University dairy farm and the surrounding villages
Authors: Khan MTG , Zinnah MA , Siddique MP , Rashid MHA , Islam MA , Choudhury KA 
Published: April 2009

The present study was undertaken with the aim of investigating the physical parameters (e.g. organoleptic and specific gravity of raw milk) and also to study the microbiological quality of raw milk (total viable count, Coliform count and Staphylococcal count) from different villages and Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Dairy Farm of Mymensingh District of Bangladesh, during the period from July to November 2007. A total number of 100 raw milk samples were collected at morning and evening from BAU dairy farm and surrounding four villages of BAU campus. The organoleptic and bacteriological qualities of each sample were analyzed. The organoleptic examination included taste panel score to assess consumer's acceptance and the bacteriological analysis comprised enumeration of total viable count (TVC), total colifrom count (TCC) and total staphylococcal count (TSC) for the determination of sanitary quality. The organoleptic quality of the milk samples is more or less same except the Churkhai milk samples which had flat taste (in 16% milk sample). The average values of TVC/ml were log 5.920, 5.934, 6.007, 6.075 and 6.127 for BAU Dairy Farm, Boira, Shutiakhali, Churkahai and Paglabazar respectively; coliform count were log 2.501, 2.522, 2.550, 2.620 and 2.619 respectively; staphylococcal count were log 2.832, 2.812, 2.866, 2.931 and 2.988 respectively. So, it may be concluded that the raw milk samples of BAU Dairy Farm were superior to others collected from the selected villages which may be due to maintaining better hygienic condition. Key words: Raw milk, physical and microbial quality Â doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2339 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 217-221
Management of simple obstructive colic in an Arabian horse
Authors: Azizunnesa A , Das BC , Sutradhar BC , Faruk MO , Hossain MF 
Published: April 2009

An adult gelding chestnut colored Arabian horse, approximately 700kg body weight, aged 18 years, height 5 feets 8 inches with the history of anorexia, recurrent mild pain and pawing was presented for clinical study in Bhatiary, Chittagong on the dated 15 June 2007. The clinical examination of the patient revealed normal temperature, increased pulse and respiration rates, absence of abdominal sounds. On close observation, the horse was anxious, anorexic, restless condition, intermittent pawing on the ground, rolling, circling, stretching out and standing for long period. There was no defecation and scanty urination. On rectal palpation, the rectum was emptied. Fecal examination also revealed no eggs of endoparasites. The horse was treated nonsurgically with antibiotic, liquid paraffin, oil of turpentine. Fluid therapy was also given depending upon degree of dehydration. The horse was observed each and every day for follow up treatment and recorded the condition of health. Recovered the horse fully within10 days. Key words: Gelding, colic, stretching out, treatment Â Â doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2341 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 227-228
Arterial supply to the esophagus of Black Bengal goat
Authors: Islam MS , Quasem MA , Awal MA , Das SK , Uddin MM 
Published: April 2009

To study the blood supply to the esophagus of Black Bengal goat a research was conducted in the Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202 with 12 Black Bengal goats of over 6 months of age of both sexes. The esophagus of Black Bengal goat was sampled at six sites- cranial cervical, middle cervical, caudal cervical, at the level of thoracic inlet, at the middle mediastinum and at the level of cardia. The arteries supplying the cervical and thoracic part of the esophagus came from the left common carotid and esophageal artery respectively. The esophageal artery arose from the thoracic aorta independently in Black Bengal goat. Key words: Blood supply, esophagus, Black Bengal goat Â doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2342 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 229-230
Oesophageal impaction in an indigenous goose
Authors: Das BC , Azizunnesa A , Sutradhar BC , Faruk MO 
Published: April 2009

An esophageal impaction consisting of plant material was diagnosed and treated in an indigenous goose. An adult freeflying indigenous goose with flaccid neck muscles, lethargic, emaciated and mildly dehydrated was brought to TVH (Teaching Veterinary Hospital), Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Palpation of neck revealed solid tubular mass ventrally in the mid cervical region. Treatment included oesophagotomy and drug therapy. The bird was fully recovered within 10 days of post operation. Key words: Impaction, cervical region, oesophagotomy Â doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2344 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 231-232
Initial experience with a newly developed cementless hip endoprosthesis
Authors: Delfs G. , Hach V. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryThe HELICA-Endoprosthesis is a newly developed cementless hip prosthesis for dogs. It was implanted in 39 dogs that had severe hip osteoarthritis and a history of hip pain, as well as in one dog that had chronic hip luxation. One dog had a bilateral arthroplasty. The body weight of the patients ranged between 22 and 54 kg and their ages between nine months and 10 years. Both the femoral stem and acetabular component of the prosthesis were screwed into position following bony preparation. Additional fixation was not necessary as the components remain fixed in position until osteointegration is complete. There are currently five sizes of prosthesis available, and the various components such as the stem, cup and head are readily interchangeable. Although it appeared that good osseous anchorage of the prostheses in the bone on the surgery table had been obtained, three patients experienced both stem and cup loosening (one week, three weeks and six months after surgery). In one animal, stem loosening was observed six weeks after surgery, and another dog experienced a cup loosening two weeks postoperatively. Most of the complications were due to technical errors that occurred during the learning phase. Surgical revisions were successful in three out of five animals. In two animals we had to perform a femoral head and neck excision. Two other animals experienced radiographic bone resorption underneath the segmented collar of the femoral prosthesis but did not show any significant clinical signs of lameness. Another dog that showed signs of ischial neuropraxy after surgery, recovered completely within six weeks after surgery. All of the dogs were capable of weight bearing on the operated leg one day after surgery. The main advantage of the HELICA-Endoprosthesis is the relatively easy surgical technique and short surgery time. The initial clinical results in these 40 cases have been very encouraging. The aim of this study was to assess the early clinical results in these 39 dogs. Final evaluation can only be based on the results of gait analysis, long-term follow-up, and post mortem histological analysis.
Changes to articular cartilage following remote application of radiofrequency energy and with or without Cosequin therapy
Authors: McLaughlin R. M. , Elder S. H. , Pool R. R. , Read R. R. , Boyle C. R. , Horstman C. L. 
Published: April 2009

Summary
Objective: To determine the short- and long-term changes in the biomechanical properties and metabolic activity of articular cartilage following the remote application of bipolar radiofrequency (bRF) and monopolar radiofrequency (mRF) energy within the rabbit stifle joint.
Methods: The rabbits were randomly assigned to either Group-1 (normal rabbit food), or they were assigned to Group-2 (2% Cosequin® in the diet). Each rabbit underwent bilateral stifle arthroscopy with either bRF or mRF applied to the infrapatellar fat pad for 45 seconds. Cartilage samples were collected at zero, four, and 14 weeks after surgery. Data were analyzed with a mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA) for chondrocyte death, amount of GAG synthesis, and the equilibrium compressive modulus.
Results: A significant increase in histological damage was noted at weeks four and 14 compared to week zero. Most of the chondrocyte death noted with confocal laser microscopy (49 of 56 samples) was noted in the superficial region (outer 25%) of the articular cartilage. GAG synthesis was not significantly different between groups or devices at any time point. A significant difference was not noted in equilibrium compressive modulus throughout the study.
Conclusions: Remote application of bRF and mRF energy lead to immediate chondrocyte death. Most of the damage was superficial hence the metabolic activity and biomechanical properties of the extra-cellular matrix were maintained throughout this study. Treatment with Cosequin did not prevent superficial chondrocyte death caused by the application of radio-frequency (RF) energy with in the joint.
An evaluation of prosthetic femoral head impact on acetabular articular cartilage in a hemiarthroplasty model
Authors: Stanley R. , Appleyard R. , McGee M. , Callary S. , Nilsson K. , Field J. R. 
Published: April 2009

Summary
Objectives: The quantitation of the impact of hemiarthroplasty currently involves clinical outcome measures and radiographic evaluation. This study used in vivo and in vitro means in order to evaluate articular cartilage changes following hemiarthroplasty in the sheep.
Methods: Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) was utilized in order to quantitate migration (penetration) in vivo of the femoral head into the articular cartilage of the acetabulum. Dynamic stiffness of retrieved specimens was quantitated in vitro using a handheld device. Chondrocyte viability was assessed using live/dead cell staining and quantitated using image analysis techniques. Saffranin-O staining provided histological assessment of the cellular response to hemiarthroplasty.
Results: RSA showed rapid penetration of the femoral head into the acetabular cartilage over six months. Significantly higher levels of dynamic stiffness were observed in the acetabula following hemiarthroplasty. Confocal imagery highlighted changes in chondrocyte distribution and morphology. A loss of metachromasia, fibrovascular tissue invasion and apoptosis were observed histologically.
Conclusions: RSA and measurement of the dynamic mechanical characteristics of cartilage provide a means of evaluating the development of degenerative articular cartilage changes in response to hemiarthroplasty.
The effects of screw placement on plate strain in 3.5 mm dynamic compression plates and limited-contact dynamic compression plates
Authors: Horstman C. L. , Crawford R. L. , Vaughn T. , Elder S. , McLaughlin R. , Maxwell M. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of screw omission on plate strain during axial load to failure and cycling using a Delrin rod gap model. In addition, the differences between the 3.5 mm limited-contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) and the 3.5 mm dynamic compression plate (DCP) were evaluated. Six, 12-hole LC-DCP and DCP plates were applied to Delrin rods with a 1 cm gap located within the central portion of the plate. Six screw configurations were tested with the following variations: three proximal and three distal (six open), four proximal and three distal (five open), four proximal and four distal (four open), five proximal and four distal (three open), five proximal and five distal (two open), six proximal and five distal (one open). Three strain gauges were mounted on each plate within the gap (gauge three) and extended proximally. Additionally, three constructs (six, three, and one open hole) were tested to failure in cyclic loading. The strain measured within the gap (gauge three) was significantly greater than the strain at other gauges for each screw configuration. Strain within the gap did not significantly change with any screw configuration, but did significantly increase at other locations as screws were omitted. Overall, the DCP withstood significantly more cycles than the LC-DCP. Differences were noted within the DCP group with the 6/5 screw configuration lasting for significantly more cycles than the 5/4 and 3/3 constructs. Although overall strain at the gap did not significantly increase with screw omission, the clinical significance remains to be determined.
Ground reaction force analysis of unilateral coxofemoral denervation for the treatment of canine hip dysplasia
Authors: Lister S. A. , Renberg W. C. , Stephens C. L. , Roush J. K. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryCoxofemoral denervation has success rates of 90–96% reported retrospectively for palliative treatment of hip dysplasia. The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate ground reaction forces (GRF) in dysplastic dogs after unilateral denervation. Unilateral coxofemoral denervation was performed by means of a previously reported technique on 10 dogs with asymmetric gait. GRF were measured at zero, one and three months. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance and paired t-tests, with p≤0.05. There was a lack of significant difference in mean peak vertical force (PVF) or vertical impulse (VI) in the operated limb (TX) over time. For the unoperated limb (UnTX), mean PVF and VI significantly decreased over time. The dogs were significantly more lame in the TX limb initially and at one month, however, there was no significant difference between limbs by three months. In the UnTX limb, 40% of dogs decreased PVF by >5%, by three months. Over time, there was no significant difference in mean average rise or mean average fall for TX or UnTX limbs. Between limbs, mean rise in the TX limb was significantly less at zero months, but not at one or three months. Decreased compensatory load shifting to the UnTX limb due to procedural efficacy could explain decreases in the UnTX limb. Worsening disease could also explain decreases in the UnTX limb, and may indicate a protective effect denoted by a lack of change in the TX limb. Longer follow-up would be required in improved dogs in order to document continued efficacy.
Morphological and biomechanical studies on the common calcaneal tendon in dogs
Authors: Reese S. , Jopp I. 
Published: April 2009

SummarySpontanous rupture at the distal part of the gastrocnemius tendon (GT) is the second most common non-traumatic tendon injury in dogs, whereas the other strands of the common calcaneal tendon do not seem to have a predisposition to rupture. In order to discover why we investigated the common calcaneal tendons of 63 dogs microscopically and biomechanically. Both the gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor tendon (SFT) had multiple low vascularized fibrocartilaginous areas within their distal course as opposed to regular parallel fibered areas in the proximal tendon areas. Biomechanical testing revealed that the distal sections in both tendons show a 50% and 70% lower tensile strength (Fmax/kg BW) than the proximal sections (p<0.01), respectively. On the contrary, tensile load (Fmax/mm2) only differed minimally between proximal and distal sections in both tendons (8% and 9%, respectively), whereas the tensile load of the distal gastrocnemius tendon is 35% lower than of the distal superficial flexor tendon (p<0.01). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to experimentally show that there are different biomechanical properties within the same tendon. The maximum load to failure is lower in the GT compared to the SFT within the same dog which explains its higher incidence of rupture in the field. The avascular fibrocartilaginous structure in the distal gastrocnemius tendon seems to play a further role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous rupture.
Effects of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy on radiographic and scintigraphic outcomes in horses with palmar heel pain
Authors: Stewart A. , Benson B. , Tennent-Brown B. , Foreman J. , Byron C. 
Published: April 2009

Summary
Objective: To investigate the effects of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (RESWT) on radiographic and scintigraphic variables in horses with clinical pain referable to the palmar heel.
Methods: Eight client-owner horses with palmar heel pain were treated with RESWT for a total of three treatments. Nuclear scintigraphy and radiography were repeated at the beginning and completion of the study. Scintigram region of interest (ROI) density ratios were calculated and compared between treated limbs, untreated limbs, and a population of comparison limbs from eight horses free of lameness. Radiographs were scored for whole navicular bone appearance as well as distal border synovial fossae number and severity.
Results: There was not any preversus post-treatment difference in scintigraphic navicular pool phase or delayed phase ROI density ratios in treated limbs, or between treated and untreated limbs. Delayed phase ROI density was increased in the central navicular region in treated limbs compared to comparison limbs from non-lame horses at both time points. Radiographic scores remained unchanged.
Clinical significance: RESWT as applied in the present study has no effect on acute palmar heel region scintigraphic or radiographic parameters. Any acute clinical benefit may be due to analgesic effects rather than stimulation of local tissue metabolism.
Chronic intervertebral disk herniation associated with fused vertebrae treated by vertebral lateral corpectomy in a cat
Authors: Malik Y. , Konar M. , Wernick M. , Howard J. , Forterre F. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryA 10-year-old Domestic Shorthair cat was admitted for chronic ambulatory paraparesis and a spinal malformation. The clinical examination revealed paraparesis accentuated on the left side. Thoracolumbar radio-graphs revealed a spinal malformation with a narrowed intervertebral space between L1 and L2, and a dorsal fusion at the level of L2-L3 with a common dorsal process. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intervertebral disk herniation with a ventral compression of the spinal cord at the level of L1/2. A standard vertebral lateral corpectomy with a foraminotomy was performed with a good outcome.
Acute Exercise-induced Bilateral Thigh Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Boland Michael R. , Heck Chris 
Published: April 2009

Acute compartment syndrome of the thigh is rare due to the space's ability to accommodate large volumes of fluid and, with the exception of the lateral septum, its thin compliant linings. This article describes a case of bilateral exercise-induced severe compartment syndrome treated with anterior and posterior fasciotomies.
A 29-year-old man was admitted to intensive care with myoglobinuria. His left thigh was evaluated 18 hours later for compartment syndrome. The patient reported that 14 hours prior to initial presentation, he had participated in a 1-hour session of vigorous basketball. He gradually developed bilateral moderately severe thigh pain and tea-colored urine. Physical examination revealed pain secondary to passive stretch of both knees at 20° flexion, plus firm anterior and posterior compartments to palpation. A handheld pressure monitor revealed the following compartment pressures: left anterior 80 mm Hg; left posterior 75 mm Hg; right anterior 45 mm Hg; and right posterior 50 mm Hg. Bilateral emergent anterior and posterior compartment fasciotomies were performed. The patient developed a significant severe distal motor and sensory neurological deficit on the left side, which recovered to 3/5 motor strength and protective sensation. At 6-month follow-up, he ambulated with the assistance of a left ankle foot orthosis.
Acute severe compartment syndrome can occur following vigorous exercise. We recommend fasciotomies after exercise-induced acute compartment syndrome rather than initial observation because of the severity of morbidity associated with under-treated compartment syndrome.
Early Fracture of a Bioabsorbable Tibial Interference Screw After ACL Reconstruction With Subsequent Chondral Injury
Authors: Hall Michael P. , Hergan David M. , Sherman Orrin H. 
Published: April 2009

Graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is commonly performed with bioabsorbable devices. This article presents a case of a broken bioabsorbable tibial interference screw (Gentle Threads; Biomet, Warsaw, Indiana) that presented as an intra-articular loose body 4 months after ACL reconstruction with posterior tibialis tendon allograft. A 19-year-old man presented with symptoms of pain and catching for 1 week but reported no history of trauma. The broken screw tip was identified on magnetic resonance imaging examination, and the remaining screw appeared to be overinserted into the tibia. During arthroscopic removal, a 10-mm screw tip was found in the lateral gutter. The ACL graft was found to be well fixed, but small areas of chondral damage were found in the patellofemoral and medial compartment. The patient's symptoms resolved postoperatively.
To our knowledge, this is the earliest report of a broken bioabsorbable interference screw and only the second report of subsequent chondral injury due to intra-articular migration. Although rare, late breakage and intra-articular migration of bioabsorbable interference screws should be considered during the postoperative evaluation of any patient with pain or mechanical symptoms, regardless of trauma. This case also supports the importance of both measurement of tibial tunnel length and inspection of the intercondylar notch following interference screw insertion. Orthopedic surgeons performing ACL reconstruction must be aware of this possible complication and its potential for devastating chondral injury.