bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroelectrochemical and Photovoltaic Characterization of a Solution‐Processable n‐and‐p Type Dopable Pyrrole‐Bearing Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Baran Derya , Balan Abidin , Esteban Beatriz‐Meana , Neugebauer Helmut , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar , Toppare Levent 
Published: October 2010

AbstractD‐A‐D‐type polymers are of high interest in the field of photovoltaics and electrochromism. In this study we report the synthesis and electrochemical properties of PPyBT along with its photophysical properties and photovoltaic performance. PPyBT is soluble in common organic solvents and both n‐ and p‐type dopable, which is a desired property for conjugated polymers. During electrochemistry studies, the onset potentials of the polymer were determined as +0.2 V for oxidation and −1.4 V for reduction. Using these values, HOMO and LUMO energy levels were calculated. The photovoltaic properties of PPyBT were also studied. PL studies showed that there is a charge transfer between PPyBT (donor) and PCBM (acceptor). magnified image
Photoinitiator‐Free UV‐Cured Acrylic Coatings Containing Magnetite Nanoparticles
Authors: Sangermano Marco , Vescovo Lorenzo , Pepino Niccolò , Chiolerio Alessandro , Allia Paolo , Tiberto Paola , Coisson Marco , Suber Lorenza , Marchegiani Giada 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA dispersion of magnetite nanoparticles in hexane has been added to 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate at 5–40 phr. The obtained formulations have been polymerized by means of UV light in the absence of any radical photoinitiator and the cured films have been fully characterized. The photoinitiator activity of the magnetite nanoparticles is demonstrated: upon photoexcitation, Fe3O4 can generate radicals which in turn start polymerization chains. Isothermal magnetization curves showed that at room temperature, the cured material exhibits no hysteretic features, indicating a superparamagnetic‐like behavior. At temperatures below 100 K, a significant magnetic hysteresis gradually appears but a substantial fraction of magnetic nanoparticles is still in the superparamagnetic phase even at T = 10 K. magnified image
Plant organelle proteomics: Collaborating for optimal cell function
Authors: Agrawal Ganesh Kumar , Bourguignon Jacques , Rolland Norbert , Ephritikhine Geneviève , Ferro Myriam , Jaquinod Michel , Alexiou Konstantinos G. , Chardot Thierry , Chakraborty Niranjan , Jolivet Pascale , Doonan John H. , Rakwal Randeep 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOrganelle proteomics describes the study of proteins present in organelle at a particular instance during the whole period of their life cycle in a cell. Organelles are specialized membrane bound structures within a cell that function by interacting with cytosolic and luminal soluble proteins making the protein composition of each organelle dynamic. Depending on organism, the total number of organelles within a cell varies, indicating their evolution with respect to protein number and function. For example, one of the striking differences between plant and animal cells is the plastids in plants. Organelles have their own proteins, and few organelles like mitochondria and chloroplast have their own genome to synthesize proteins for specific function and also require nuclear‐encoded proteins. Enormous work has been performed on animal organelle proteomics. However, plant organelle proteomics has seen limited work mainly due to: (i) inter‐plant and inter‐tissue complexity, (ii) difficulties in isolation of subcellular compartments, and (iii) their enrichment and purity. Despite these concerns, the field of organelle proteomics is growing in plants, such as Arabidopsis, rice and maize. The available data are beginning to help better understand organelles and their distinct and/or overlapping functions in different plant tissues, organs or cell types, and more importantly, how protein components of organelles behave during development and with surrounding environments. Studies on organelles have provided a few good reviews, but none of them are comprehensive. Here, we present a comprehensive review on plant organelle proteomics starting from the significance of organelle in cells, to organelle isolation, to protein identification and to biology and beyond. To put together such a systematic, in‐depth review and to translate acquired knowledge in a proper and adequate form, we join minds to provide discussion and viewpoints on the collaborative nature of organelles in cell, their proper function and evolution. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:772–853, 2011
The effects of dietary fish oil on inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress associated with obstructive renal injury in rats
Authors: Peake Jonathan M. , Gobe Glenda C. , Fassett Robert G. , Coombes Jeff S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractScope: We examined whether dietary supplementation with fish oil modulates inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress following obstructive renal injury.Methods and results: Three groups of Sprague–Dawley rats (n=16 per group) were fed for 4 wk on normal rat chow (oleic acid), chow containing fish oil (33 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 26 g docosahexaenoic acid per kg diet), or chow containing safflower oil (60 g linoleic acid per kg diet). All diets contained 7% fat. After 4 wk, the rats were further subdivided into four smaller groups (n=4 per group). Unilateral ureteral obstruction was induced in three groups (for 4, 7 and 14 days). The fourth group for each diet did not undergo surgery, and was sacrificed as controls at 14 days. When rats were sacrificed, plasma and portions of the kidneys were removed and frozen; other portions of kidney tissue were fixed and prepared for histology. Compared with normal chow and safflower oil, fish oil attenuated collagen deposition, macrophage infiltration, TGF‐β expression, apoptosis, and tissue levels of arachidonic acid, MIP‐1α, IL‐1β, MCP‐1 and leukotriene B4. Compared with normal chow, fish oil increased the expression of HO‐1 protein in kidney tissue.Conclusions: Fish oil intake reduced inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress following obstructive renal injury.
Tea polyphenol (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate inhibits nicotine‐ and estrogen‐induced α9‐nicotinic acetylcholine receptor upregulation in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Tu Shih‐Hsin , Ku Chung‐Yu , Ho Chi‐Tang , Chen Ching‐Shyang , Huang Ching‐Shui , Lee Chia‐Hwa , Chen Li‐Ching , Pan Min‐Hsiung , Chang Hui‐Wen , Chang Chien‐Hsi , Chang Yu‐Jia , Wei Po‐Li , Wu Chih‐Hsiung , Ho Yuan‐Soon 
Published: October 2010

AbstractScope: The aim of this research was to explore whether the tea‐polyphenol (–)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) could be used as a potential agent for blocking smoking (nicotine, Nic)‐ or hormone (estradiol, E2)‐induced breast cancer cell proliferation through inhibition of a common signaling pathway.Methods and results: To explore whether Nic (>0.1 μM, 24 h) and E2 (>1 nM, 24 h) significantly increased α9‐nicotinic acetylcholine (α9‐nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)) mRNA and protein expression levels, real‐time PCR and immunoblotting analysis experiments were performed in human breast cancer (MCF‐7) cells. Luciferase promoter activity experiment was performed to test the α9‐nAChR promoter activity affected by Nic, E2 or EGCG. The results indicate that treatment with EGCG (1 μM) profoundly decreases Nic‐ and E2‐induced MCF‐7 proliferation by down regulating α9‐nAChR expression. The α9‐nAChR promoter activity is significantly induced by 24‐h treatment with Nic (10 μM) or E2 (10 nM) (>1.8 and ∼2.3‐fold, respectively) in MCF‐7 cells. Pretreatment with EGCG eliminated the Nic‐ and E2‐induced α9‐nAChR promoter‐dependent luciferase activity. We further demonstrate that combined treatment with EGCG profoundly inhibits [3H]‐Nic/ α9‐nAChR binding activity in breast cancer cells.Conclusions: We found that the EGCG could be used as an agent for blocking smoking (Nic)‐ or hormone (E2)‐induced breast cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting of α9‐nAChR signaling pathway. This study reveals the novel antitumor mechanisms of EGCG, and these results may have significant applications for chemopreventive purposes in human breast cancer.
Anthocyanin‐derived phenolic acids form glucuronides following simulated gastrointestinal digestion and microsomal glucuronidation
Authors: Woodward Gary M. , Needs Paul W. , Kay Colin D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractScope: Current research indicates that anthocyanins are primarily degraded to form phenolic acid products. However, no studies have yet demonstrated the metabolic conjugation of these anthocyanin‐derived phenolic acids in humans.Methods and results: Within the present study, a simulated gastrointestinal digestion model was used to evaluate the potential degradation of anthocyanins post‐consumption. Subsequently, cyanidin (Cy) and pelargonidin and their degradation products, protocatechuic acid and 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, were incubated in the presence of human liver microsomes to assess their potential to form hepatic glucuronide conjugates. For structural conformation, phenolic glucuronides were chemically synthesised and compared to the microsomal metabolites. During the simulated gastric digestion, anthocyanin glycosides (200 μM) remained stable however their aglycone derivatives were significantly degraded (20% loss), while during subsequent pancreatic/intestinal digestion only pelargonidin‐3‐glucoside remained stable while cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (30% loss) and Cy and pelagonidin aglycones were significantly degraded (100% loss, respectively). Following microsomal metabolism, pelargonidin formed 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, which was further metabolised (65%) to form two additional glucuronide conjugates, while Cy formed protocatechuic acid, which was further metabolised (43%) to form three glucuronide conjugates.Conclusions: We propose that following ingestion, anthocyanins may be found in the systemic circulation as free or conjugated phenolic acids, which should be a focus of future dietary interventions.
Determination of the conformations and relative configurations of exocyclic amines
Authors: Montalvo‐González J. Ascención , Iniestra‐Galindo María Guadalupe , Ariza‐Castolo Armando 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe conformations and relative configurations of 20 amines, classified according to the following labeling scheme, were analyzed. Series a comprised compounds derived from N‐(1‐phenylethyl)cyclohexanamine, b comprised derivatives of N‐[1‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)ethyl]cyclohexanamine, c comprised derivatives of N‐(diphenylmethyl)cyclohexanamine, and d comprised derivatives of N‐(propan‐2‐yl)cyclohexanamine. The compounds were labeled as follows: 1 indicates cyclohexanamine, 2 indicates 2‐methylcyclohexanamines, 3 indicates 3‐methylcyclohexanamines, 4 indicates 4‐methylcyclohexanamines, and 5 indicates 4‐tert‐butylcyclohexanamines. These compounds were prepared without the use of stereoselective induction and, therefore, all expected stereoisomers were observed. Structural assignments were established by 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lateral diffusion in sphingomyelin bilayers
Authors: Filippov A. V. , Rudakova M. A. , Munavirov B. V. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSphingomyelin (SM) is an important lipid of eukaryotic cellular membranes and neuronal tissues. We studied lateral diffusion in macroscopically oriented bilayers of synthetic palmitoylsphingomyelin (PSM) and natural sphingomyelins of egg yolk (eSM), bovine brain (bSM) and bovine milk (mSM) by pulsed field gradient NMR (PFG NMR) in the temperature range 45–60 °C. We found that the mean values of lateral diffusion coefficients (LDCs) of SMs are 1.9‐fold lower compared with those of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), which is similar in molecular structure. This discrepancy could be explained by the characteristics of intermolecular SM interactions. The LDCs of different SMs differ: egg SM is most similar to PSM; both of them have a 10% higher LDC value compared with the other two natural SMs. Besides, all natural SMs show a complicated form of the spin‐echo diffusion decay (DD), which is an indicator of a distribution of LDC values in bilayers. This peculiarity is explained by the broad distributions of hydrocarbon chain lengths of the natural SMs studied here, especially mSM and bSM. We confirmed the relationship between chain length and LDC in the bilayers by computer analysis of a set of 1H NMR spectra obtained by scanning the value of the pulsed field gradient. There is a correlation between lower LDC values and SM molecules with longer acyl chains. The most probable mechanisms by which long‐chain SM molecules decrease their lateral diffusion relative to the average value are protrusion into the other side of the bilayer or lateral separation into areas that diverge with their LDCs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prior estimate‐based compressed sensing in parallel MRI
Authors: Wu Bing , Millane Rick P. , Watts Richard , Bones Philip J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTwo improved compressed sensing (CS)‐based image reconstruction methods for MRI are proposed: prior estimate‐based compressed sensing (PECS) and sensitivity encoding‐based compressed sensing (SENSECS). PECS allows prior knowledge of the underlying image to be intrinsically incorporated in the image recovery process, extending the use of data sorting as first proposed by Adluru and DiBella (Int J Biomed Imaging 2008: 341648). It does so by rearranging the elements in the underlying image based on the magnitude information gathered from a prior image estimate, so that the underlying image can be recovered in a new form that exhibits a higher level of sparsity. SENSECS is an application of PECS in parallel imaging. In SENSECS, image reconstruction is carried out in two stages: SENSE and PECS, with the SENSE reconstruction being used as a image prior estimate in the following PECS reconstruction. SENSECS bypasses the conflict of sampling pattern design in directly applying CS recovery in multicoil data sets and exploits the complementary characteristics of SENSE‐type and CS‐type reconstructions, hence achieving better image reconstructions than using SENSE or CS alone. The characteristics of PECS and SENSECS are investigated using experimental data. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The 6‐minute walk test in Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy: Longitudinal observations
Authors: MCDonald Craig M. , Henricson Erik K. , Han Jay J. , Abresch R. Ted , Nicorici Alina , Atkinson Leone , Elfring Gary L. , Reha Allen , Miller Langdon L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this study we used the 6‐minute walk distance (6MWD) to characterize ambulation over time in Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DBMD). The 6MWD was assessed in 18 boys with DBMD and 22 healthy boys, ages 4–12 years, over mean [range] intervals of 58 [39–87] and 69 [52–113] weeks, respectively. Height and weight increased similarly in both groups. At 52 weeks, 6MWD decreased in 12 of 18 (67%) DBMD subjects (overall mean [range]: 357 [125–481] to 300 [0–510] meters; Δ −57 meters, −15.9%), but increased in 14 of 22 (64%) healthy subjects (overall mean [range]: 623 [479–754] to 636 [547–717] meters; Δ +13 meters, +2.1%). Two DBMD subjects lost ambulation. Changes in 6MWD depended on stride length and age; improvements usually occurred by 7–8 years of age; older DBMD subjects worsened, whereas older healthy subjects were stable. The 6MWD changes at 1 year confirm the validity of this endpoint and emphasize that preserving ambulation must remain a major goal of DBMD therapy. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Supply chain coordination with shelf‐space and retail price dependent demand and heterogeneous retailers
Authors: Luo Xiaoning , Jiang Yanmin , Hu Qiying 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe consider supply chain coordination in which a manufacturer supplies some product to multiple heterogeneous retailers and wishes to coordinate the supply chain via wholesale price and holding cost subsidy. The retail price is either exogenous or endogenous. The market demand is described by the market share attraction model based on all retailers'shelf‐spaces and retail prices. We obtain optimal solutions for the centralized supply chain, where the optimal retail pricing is a modified version of the well‐known cost plus pricing strategy. We further get feasible contracts for the manufacturer to coordinate the hybrid and decentralized supply chains. The manufacturer can allocate the total profit free to himself and the retail market via the wholesale price when the retail price is exogenous, but otherwise he cannot. Finally, we point out that different characteristics of the retail market are due to different powers of the manufacturer, and the more power the manufacturer has, the simpler the contract to coordinate the chain will be. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
Potential impact of recharging plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles on locational marginal prices
Authors: Wang Lizhi , Lin Anhua , Chen Yihsu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPlug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), upon market penetration, will create additional recharging loads to the electric power systems. This article considers different recharging scenarios and uses game theoretic models to study the potential impact of the recharging loads on locational marginal prices (wholesale electricity prices). Computational results from a Pennsylvania‐New Jersey‐Maryland Interconnection case study show that, under the existing recharging infrastructures, even a small magnitude of load increase caused by PHEV recharging could have a significant undesirable impact on locational marginal prices. The impact could be mitigated to a varying extent by the availability of possible future recharging infrastructures, including realtime pricing recharging meters, battery stations, or vehicle‐to‐grid technology.© 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
Route optimization for multiple searchers
Authors: Royset Johannes O. , Sato Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe consider a discrete time‐and‐space route‐optimization problem across a finite time horizon in which multiple searchers seek to detect one or more probabilistically moving targets. This article formulates a novel convex mixed‐integer nonlinear program for this problem that generalizes earlier models to situations with multiple targets, searcher deconfliction, and target‐ and location‐dependent search effectiveness. We present two solution approaches, one based on the cutting‐plane method and the other on linearization. These approaches result in the first practical exact algorithms for solving this important problem, which arises broadly in military, rescue, law enforcement, and border patrol operations. The cutting‐plane approach solves many realistically sized problem instances in a few minutes, while existing branch‐and‐bound algorithms fail. A specialized cut improves solution time by 50[percnt] in difficult problem instances. The approach based on linearization, which is applicable in important special cases, may further reduce solution time with one or two orders of magnitude. The solution time for the cutting‐plane approach tends to remain constant as the number of searchers grows. In part, then, we overcome the difficulty that earlier solution methods have with many searchers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
A robust preconditioning technique for the extended finite element method
Authors: Menk Alexander , Bordas Stéphane P. A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe extended finite element method enhances the approximation properties of the finite element space by using additional enrichment functions. But the resulting stiffness matrices can become ill‐conditioned. In that case iterative solvers need a large number of iterations to obtain an acceptable solution. In this paper a procedure is described to obtain stiffness matrices whose condition number is close to the one of the finite element matrices without any enrichments. A domain decomposition is employed and the algorithm is very well suited for parallel computations. The method was tested in numerical experiments to show its effectiveness. The experiments have been conducted for structures containing cracks and material interfaces. We show that the corresponding enrichments can result in arbitrarily ill‐conditioned matrices. The method proposed here, however, provides well‐conditioned matrices and can be applied to any sort of enrichment. The complexity of this approach and its relation to the domain decomposition is discussed. Computation times have been measured for a structure containing multiple cracks. For this structure the computation times could be decreased by a factor of 2. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implicit Large Eddy Simulation of transition to turbulence at low Reynolds numbers using a Discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Uranga A. , Persson P.‐O. , Drela M. , Peraire J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe present work predicts the formation of laminar separation bubbles at low Reynolds numbers and the related transition to turbulence by means of Implicit Large Eddy Simulations with a high‐order Discontinuous Galerkin method. The flow around an SD7003 infinite wing at an angle of attack of 4° is considered at Reynolds numbers of 10 000, 22 000, and 60 000 in order to gain insight into the characteristics of the laminar and turbulent regimes. At the lowest Reynolds number studied, the flow remains laminar and two dimensional over the wing surface, with a periodic vortex shedding. For higher Reynolds numbers, the flow is unsteady over the upper wing surface and exhibits a separation bubble along which the flow transitions to turbulence. Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves are observed in the boundary layer, and transition is found to be caused by unstable TS modes as revealed by the growth of the stream‐wise amplification factor. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A conservative high‐order discontinuous Galerkin method for the shallow water equations with arbitrary topography
Authors: Kesserwani Georges , Liang Qiuhua 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA conservative high‐order Godunov‐type scheme is presented for solving the balance laws of the 1D shallow water equations (SWE). The scheme adopts a finite element Runge–Kutta (RK) discontinuous Galerkin (DG) framework. Based on an overall third‐order accurate formulation, the model is referred to as RKDG3. Treatment of topographic source term is built in the DG approximation. Simplified formulae for initializing bed data at a discrete level are derived by assuming a local linear bed function to ease practical flow simulations. Owing to the adverse effects caused by using an uncontrolled global limiting process in an RKDG3 scheme (RKDG3‐GL), a new conservative RKDG3 scheme with user‐parameter‐free local limiting method (RKDG3‐LL) is designed to gain better accuracy and conservativeness. The advantages of the new RKDG3‐LL model are demonstrated by applying to several steady and transient benchmark flow tests with irregular (either differentiable or non‐differentiable) topography. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3D corrected XFEM approach and extension to finite deformation theory
Authors: Loehnert S. , Mueller‐Hoeppe D. S. , Wriggers P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the modified or corrected extended finite element method originally presented in Fries (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. 2008; 75:503–532) for the 2D case is extended to 3D including different remedies for the problem that the crack front enrichment functions are linearly dependent in the blending elements. In the context of this extension, we address a number of computational issues of the 3D XFEM, in particular possible quadrature rules for elements with discontinuities. Also, the influence of finite deformation theory for crack simulations in comparison to linear elastic fracture mechanics is investigated. A number of numerical examples demonstrate the behavior of the presented possibilities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.