bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning Motivation of Adults Involved in AAC Intervention
Authors: Thiessen Amber , Horn Christy , Beukelman David , Wallace Sarah E. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) personnel framework identifies the various types of people involved in successful AAC interventions. The purposes of this article are to summarize information in the AAC intervention literature that documents the role and impact of various AAC personnel, describe key characteristics of adult learners, and review research that focuses on learning motivations and preferences of adults within the AAC framework.
Case Studies in Pre-Service AAC Instruction: Comforting the Client While Stressing the Student
Authors: Cook Albert M. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Teaching speech-language pathology (SLP) students about alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) through case studies can provide a more meaningful experience than found in a more traditional didactic approach. Case studies give students a clinical context for the material presented in class. They also enable consideration of a wide range of factors, including family dynamics, school or work contexts, and the participation of other team members (e.g., POT, PT, and teachers). In this course, case studies are the focus, but material is also presented through lecture/discussion, labs (where various AAC devices are used and evaluated by the students), and readings. The focus on case studies presents a number of challenges. For the students, this is one of the first times they are forced to deal with complex clinical problems for which the answers are not readily available in a textbook. They complain that the assignments are vague and that the cases require too much time to complete. For the instructors, the course requires much more time in providing information to the students, answering questions about the cases, and generally supporting the students. In the end, the students manage to “pull it all together” and present thoughtful and thorough implementation plans for their cases. After entering into practice or graduating, students report that the course prepared them for working with a client with AAC needs.
Nonlinear plasmonics at planar metal surfaces
Authors: Palomba Stefano , Harutyunyan Hayk , Renger Jan , Quidant Romain , van Hulst Niek F. , Novotny Lukas 
Published: August 2011

We investigate the nonlinear optical response of a noble metal surface. We derive the components of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility and determine an absolute value of
χ
(3)
≈0.2 nm
2

V
−2
, a value that is more than two orders of magnitude larger than the values found for typical nonlinear laser crystals. Using nonlinear four-wave mixing (4WM) with incident laser pulses of frequencies
ω
1
and
ω
2
, we generate fields oscillating at the nonlinear frequency
ω
4WM
=2
ω
1
−
ω
2
. We identify and discuss three distinct regimes: (i) a regime where the 4WM field is propagating, (ii) a regime where it is evanescent, and (iii) a regime where the nonlinear response couples to surface plasmon polaritons.
Components of a Microinjection System
Authors: Komarova Yulia , Peloquin John , Borisy Gary 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTIONDirect-pressure microinjection with a micropipette is an essential tool for introducing a variety of impermeant substances into the cytoplasm or nucleus of plant and animal cells. Microinjection remains the most direct method to gain insight into the function and dynamics of intracellular components, to produce transgenic animals, or to overcome male infertility. This article describes the basic components of a microinjection system.
Fixation of Drosophila Tissues for Immunofluorescence
Authors: Swedlow Jason 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTIONThe fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has long been used to study the genetic factors involved in development, and the ability to localize molecules within the organism that allow genetic manipulation can be quite useful. This article discusses some of the issues relating to fixation of various Drosophila tissues for analysis by immunofluorescence microscopy. References to specific fixation protocols are included. The proper fixation protocol will depend on the structure to be visualized, the degree of preservation required, the preservation of antigenicity of the molecules of interest, and the level of resolution of the subsequent imaging. In addition, the fixation of thick tissues requires a protocol that effectively fixes the interior of the sample while not cross-linking the matrix so heavily that antibodies or other probes cannot penetrate efficiently and be washed out of the tissue. Particular attention is given to the handling of embryos, because these are used frequently and require special consideration.
Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA) Precipitation of Proteins
Authors: Link Andrew J. , LaBaer Joshua 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTIONCell or tissue extracts of proteins often contain interfering substances that must be removed. A number of methods are available for concentrating dilute protein solutions and simultaneously removing contaminating substances. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA)/acetone precipitation, as described here, is often used for this purpose.
In Situ Hybridization to Polytene Chromosomes in Drosophila Using Digoxigenin-Labeled Probes
Authors: Pardue Mary-Lou 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTIONIn situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes frequently is used to find the chromosomal site of a cloned DNA sequence, as well as to investigate the distribution of families of repeated sequences in the chromosome set and to measure the amount of a repeated sequence at different sites. These different experimental goals are best accomplished by variations of the technique. Simple mapping of genes and even gene fragments of a few hundred base pairs is easily done using nonradioactive probes. The simplest and most successful probes are made by random primer labeling of gel-purified fragments of cloned DNA. Digoxigenin (DIG) is commonly used for nonradioactive labeling, as are biotin-labeled probes, and biotin and DIG probes can be used in conjunction in double labeling experiments. DIG probes are detected with an antibody coupled to an enzyme or to a fluorescent dye. This protocol describes a procedure for labeling gel-purified DNA fragments with DIG and for performing in situ hybridization using an antibody coupled to alkaline phosphatase.
Generation and Staining of MARCM Clones in Drosophila: Figure 1.
Authors: Shrestha Brikha R. , Grueber Wesley B. 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTIONDendrite morphological diversity helps to define the properties of neural circuits by influencing circuit organization and information processing. Dendrite development has been shown to be driven by a combination of cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors. However, much remains to be discovered about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that give rise to unique yet highly stereotyped dendrite arbors of diverse neuronal types. Work in the last decade has established the Drosophila system as an excellent model for studies of dendrite morphogenesis. Mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker (MARCM) permits resolution of dendrites at a single-cell level and genetic manipulation of individual neurons to assess gene function during neuronal morphogenesis. Mosaic systems for examining mutant phenotypes are advantageous for studies of larval stages because of the ability to discern cell-autonomous phenotypes at very high resolution. The protocol described here can be used to generate and label MARCM clones for the analysis of dendritic patterning and branching control in Drosophila.
OMX: A New Platform for Multimodal, Multichannel Wide-Field Imaging
Authors: Dobbie Ian M. , King Emma , Parton Richard M. , Carlton Peter M. , Sedat John W. , Swedlow Jason R. , Davis Ilan 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTIONThis article discusses the design principles and applications of the OMX microscope, a new platform that provides unprecedented mechanical and thermal stabilities coupled with a photon budget that is dramatically improved over traditional microscope platforms. These characteristics make the OMX microscope outstanding for fast live cell imaging and super-resolution imaging. Moreover, its open flexible architecture makes it particularly amenable to adding other modes of microscopy to the platform.
Methods for Exploring the Genetic Control of Sensory Neuron Dendrite Morphogenesis inDrosophila
Authors: Shrestha Brikha R. , Grueber Wesley B. 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTIONDendrite morphological diversity helps to define the properties of neural circuits by influencing circuit organization and information processing. Dendrite development has been shown to be driven by a combination of cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors. However, much remains to be discovered about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that give rise to unique yet highly stereotyped dendrite arbors of diverse neuronal types. Work in the last decade has established theDrosophilasystem as an excellent model for studies of dendrite morphogenesis. Work has been performed primarily in three systems: the dendritic arborization sensory neurons, the adult olfactory system, and the embryonic and larval motor system. Each of these systems offers a manageable number of neurons that are easily accessible, both optically and physically, and can be genetically manipulated to address a broad range of questions regarding dendrite development and patterning. This article provides a brief overview of the organization of these systems together with aspects of dendrite development that have been elucidated in recent years and methods for studying dendrite morphogenesis in embryonic and larval sensory neurons.
‘Doing it right?’– accessing the narratives of identity of newly qualified social workers through the lens of resilience: ‘I am, I have, I can’
Authors: Kearns Sarah , McArdle Karen 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTUsing narrative enquiry, this paper accesses the construct of identity through exploring resilience in newly qualified social workers based in statutory children's services. In seeking to avoid deficit‐based models of this role, this paper aims to present inductively the ‘voice’ of three social workers in a semi‐rural authority, storying the positive ways in which resilience has developed during their first year. Using the Grotberg resilience framework (1995) –‘I am, I have, I can’– as an analytical tool at the interface of personal, professional and organizational identities, we conclude that ‘I am’ and ‘I have’ are more important than the skills dimension of ‘I can’. Positive role models, trust, ‘managed’ optimism, flexibility of support in and beyond induction, and, crucially, self‐efficacy and space for reflexivity, are more prominent as sources of resilience and strong identity. The reflexivity, inspired by the process of narrative enquiry, is an important contributor to self‐efficacy. We propose that a positive view of growth and identity is preferable to deficit models in the context of the transition between the two ‘communities of practice’ and of the challenges of the workplace. Organizational approaches based on this view will be more likely to promote a sustainable workforce.
Childhood overweight and asthma symptoms, the role of pro‐inflammatory proteins
Authors: Bekkers M. B. M. , Brunekreef B. , de Jongste J. C. , Kerkhof M. , Smit H. A. , Postma D. S. , Gehring U. , Wijga A. H. 
Published: August 2011

Summary
Background Systemic inflammation is suggested as a mechanism by which overweight might induce asthma. However, few studies have linked childhood overweight, inflammation and asthma.
Objective To study the association between body mass index (BMI), asthma symptoms and pro‐inflammatory proteins.
Methods High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), complement factor 3 (C3) and 4 (C4) concentrations, and body weight and height were available for 359 4‐year‐old children participating in the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy birth cohort study. Data on asthma symptoms were obtained by yearly questionnaires. Logistic regression and generalized estimating equations were used to analyse the cross‐sectional and prospective associations between BMI, asthma symptoms and pro‐inflammatory proteins.
Results BMI was associated with asthma symptoms {odds ratio [OR] 1.43 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–1.88] per BMI standard deviation scores [SDS]}. The inclusion of hs‐CRP, C3 and C4 in the statistical models did not change this association. C3 was cross‐sectionally associated with frequent asthma symptoms [OR per interquartile range of C3: 1.97 (95% CI: 1.20–3.24)] and prospectively with asthma symptoms [OR: 1.48 (95%CI: 1.04–2.09)], independent of BMI SDS.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance We showed no evidence for a role of hs‐CRP, C3 and C4 in the association between BMI and asthma symptoms. C3 concentrations were associated with (frequent) asthma symptoms, independent of BMI.
Cite this as: M. B. M. Bekkers, B. Brunekreef, J. C. de Jongste, M. Kerkhof, H. A. Smit, D. S. Postma, U. Gehring and A. H. Wijga, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2012 (42) 95–103.
A Th1/Th2‐associated chemokine imbalance during infancy in children developing eczema, wheeze and sensitization
Authors: Abrahamsson T. R. , Sandberg Abelius M. , Forsberg A. , Björkstén B. , Jenmalm M. C. 
Published: August 2011

Summary
Background Analyses of circulating chemokines offer novel tools to investigate the T helper (Th)1/Th2 imbalance in allergic disease in vivo.
Objective To relate circulating Th1‐ and Th2‐associated chemokines in infancy to allergic disease, sensitization and probiotic supplementation.
Methods Circulating levels of Th1‐associated CXC‐chemokine ligand (CXCL)9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 and Th2‐associated CC‐chemokine ligand (CCL)17 and CCL22 were assessed with Luminex and CCL18 with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay at birth (n=109), 6 (n=104), 12 (n=116) and 24 months (n=123) in 161 infants completing a double‐blind placebo‐controlled allergy prevention trial with Lactobacillus reuteri during the last month of gestation and through the first year of life. The infants were followed regarding the development of allergic disease and sensitization until 2 years of age.
Results The Th2‐associated chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 were the highest at birth and then decreased, whereas CCL18 and the Th1‐associated chemokines increased with age. High Th2‐associated chemokine levels were observed in children developing allergic disease. Sensitization was preceded by elevated levels of the Th2‐associated CCL22 and reduced levels of the Th1‐associated CXCL11 already at birth. The Th2‐associated CCL17 was also elevated at birth in infants developing recurrent wheeze. A high Th2/Th1 ratio (CCL22/CXCL10) at birth associated with both sensitization and eczema development. The presence of L. reuteri in stool in the first week of life was associated with low CCL17 and CCL22 and high CXCL11 levels at 6 months of age. High Th1‐associated chemokine levels were associated with day‐care.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance Allergic disease and sensitization in infancy was associated with low circulating Th1‐ and high Th2‐associated chemokine levels already from birth. Circulating chemokines are useful for investigating the Th1/Th2 imbalance in allergic disease in vivo. Elucidation of the role of chemokines in allergic diseases may lead to future treatments (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01285830).
Cite this as: T. R. Abrahamsson, M. Sandberg Abelius,, A. Forsberg, B. Björkstén and M. C. Jenmalm, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1729–1739.
Effect of roasting on the allergenicity of major peanut allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 2/6: the necessity of degranulation assays
Authors: Vissers Y. M. , Iwan M. , Adel‐Patient K. , Stahl Skov P. , Rigby N. M. , Johnson P. E. , Mandrup Müller P. , Przybylski‐Nicaise L. , Schaap M. , Ruinemans‐Koerts J. , Jansen A. P. H. , Mills E. N. C. , Savelkoul H. F. J. , Wichers H. J. 
Published: August 2011

Summary
Background Peanuts are often consumed after roasting, a process that alters the three‐dimensional structure of allergens and leads to Maillard modification. Such changes are likely to affect their allergenicity.
Objective We aimed to establish the effect of thermal treatment mimicking the roasting process on the allergenicity of Ara h 1 and a mix of 2S albumins from peanut (Ara h 2/6).
Methods Ara h 1 and Ara h 2/6 were purified from raw peanuts and heated in a dry form for 20 min at 145 °C in the presence (R+g) or absence (R−g) of glucose, and soluble proteins were then extracted. Sera obtained from 12 well‐characterized peanut‐allergic patients were used to assess the IgE binding and degranulation capacities of the allergens.
Results Extensive heating at low moisture resulted in the hydrolysis of both Ara h 1 and Ara h 2/6. However, in contrast to Ara h 2/6, soluble R+g Ara h 1 formed large aggregates. Although the IgE‐binding capacity of R+g and R−g Ara h 1 was decreased 9000‐ and 3.6‐fold, respectively, compared with native Ara h 1, their capacity to elicit mediator release was increased. Conversely, both the IgE‐binding capacity and the degranulation capacity of R−g Ara h 2/6 were 600–700‐fold lower compared with the native form, although the presence of glucose during heating significantly moderated these losses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Extensive heating reduced the degranulation capacity of Ara h 2/6 but significantly increased the degranulation capacity of Ara h 1. This observation can have important ramifications for component‐resolved approaches for diagnosis and demonstrates the importance of investigating the degranulation capacity in addition to IgE reactivity when assessing the effects of food processing on the allergenicity of proteins.
Cite this as: Y. M. Vissers, M. Iwan, K. Adel‐Patient, P. Stahl Skov, N. M. Rigby, P. E. Johnson, P. Mandrup Müller, L. Przybylski‐Nicaise, M. Schaap, J. Ruinemans‐Koerts, A. P. H. Jansen, E. N. C. Mills, H. F. J. Savelkoul and H. J. Wichers, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1631–1642.
Interpretation of magnetic data over tilted basement blocks: an example from the northern North Sea
Authors: Salem Ahmed 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a procedure for interpreting magnetic data over tilted basement blocks. The objective of this procedure is to estimate source parameters of a tilted basement block from first‐ order derivatives of magnetic profile data. The method uses a model consisting of two superimposed infinite contacts with opposite dip. The procedure estimates the location of the crest (intersection of the two contacts) and the susceptibility contrast of the basement block from the total gradient anomaly data using a linear least‐squares method. Dip angles of the two contacts are estimated using iterative forward modelling of the tilt derivative anomaly data. The practical utility of the proposed approach is demonstrated using theoretical data and a field example from the northern North Sea.
Regularization strategy for the layered inversion of airborne transient electromagnetic data: application to in‐loop data acquired over the basin of Franceville (Gabon)
Authors: Guillemoteau Julien , Sailhac Pascal , Béhaegel Mickaël 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTAirborne transient electromagnetic (TEM) is a cost‐effective method to image the distribution of electrical conductivity in the ground. We consider layered earth inversion to interpret large data sets of hundreds of kilometres. Different strategies can be used to solve this inverse problem. This consists in managing the a priori information to avoid the mathematical instability and provide the most plausible model of conductivity in depth.In order to obtain fast and realistic inversion program, we tested three kinds of regularization: two are based on standard Tikhonov procedure which consist in minimizing not only the data misfit function but a balanced optimization function with additional terms constraining the lateral and the vertical smoothness of the conductivity; another kind of regularization is based on reducing the condition number of the kernel by changing the layout of layers before minimizing the data misfit function. Finally, in order to get a more realistic distribution of conductivity, notably by removing negative conductivity values, we suggest an additional recursive filter based upon the inversion of the logarithm of the conductivity.All these methods are tested on synthetic and real data sets. Synthetic data have been calculated by 2.5D modelling; they are used to demonstrate that these methods provide equivalent quality in terms of data misfit and accuracy of the resulting image; the limit essentially comes on special targets with sharp 2D geometries. The real data case is from Helicopter‐borne TEM data acquired in the basin of Franceville (Gabon) where borehole conductivity loggings are used to show the good accuracy of the inverted models in most areas, and some biased depths in areas where strong lateral changes may occur.
Evaluating the suicide risk‐screening scale used by general nurses on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer: a questionnaire survey
Authors: Taur Fang‐Meei , Chai Sinkuo , Chen Mei‐bei , Hou Jyu‐Li , Lin Shirling , Tsai Sing‐Ling 
Published: August 2011

Aim.  The aim of this study was to evaluate the interview version of the screening of risk for suicide with redefined items for the hospitalised patients.Background.  Patients hospitalised in general hospitals with physical illnesses performed suicidal acts more rapidly after admission.Design.  A two‐hour screening skills training course was provided to general nurses caring for hospitalised patients. The patients were rated by trained nurses according to the screening of risk for suicide. Then, patients did self‐rating of repulsion of life scale and symptom distress. The participants were 54 trained nurses and 205 patients, 76 of whom had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 129 had lung cancer.Methods.  The trained nurses used the screening of risk for suicide to screen patients and compared their results with their trainers within 24 hours for inter‐rater consistency, followed by patients’ self‐rating.Results.  The inter‐rater reliability between nurses and their trainers was 0·85. The screening of risk for suicide rated by nurses correlated significantly with repulsion to life and symptom distress rated by patients. There were 26·3% (20) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 14·0% (18) of patients with lung cancer who showed moderate‐to‐high suicide risk, most of them having poor social support. The nurse’s score on patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was higher than patient’s self‐rating.Conclusions.  The screening of risk for suicide was useful in alerting the general nurses to high‐risk patients and the nurse’ screening collected more in‐depth data than patients’ self‐rating. It is suggested that this suicide risk‐screening training should incorporate into continuing education in general hospital and the use of Screening of Risk for Suicide incorporating into new patient nursing assessment.Relevance to clinical practice.  The two‐hour suicide risk‐screening training could renew the general nurse skill of risk screening for the hospitalised patients.