bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of ionic liquids under Bi‐ion and Bi‐cluster ions bombardment by ToF‐SIMS
Authors: Holzweber Markus , Pittenauer Ernst , Hutter Herbert 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA systematic study of five different imidazolium‐based room temperature ionic liquids, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium nitrate, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium iodide, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide were carried out by means of time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) in positive and negative ion mode. The compounds were measured under Bi‐ion and Bi‐cluster ions (Bi2–7+, Bi3, 52+) bombardment, and spectral information and general rules for the fragmentation pattern are presented. Evidence for hydrogen bonding, due to high molecular secondary cluster ions, could be found. Hydrogen bonding strength could be estimated by ToF‐SIMS via correlation of the anionic yield enhancement with solvent parameters. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragmentation pathways of metopimazine and its metabolite using ESI‐MSn, HR‐MS and H/D exchange
Authors: Hubert‐Roux Marie , Bounoure Frédéric , Skiba Mohamed , Bozec Philippe , Churlaud Florence , Lange Catherine M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMetopimazine (MPZ) is a phenothiazine derivative used to prevent emesis during chemotherapy where few structural analysis of the aforementioned compound have been described in the literature. Thus, this work reports, for the first time, the detailed study of fragmentation pathways of MPZ and its metabolite (AMPZ) using electrospray ionization (EI) with multistage mass spectrometry (ESI‐MSn) in positive‐ion mode. The structures of 21 product ions were identified and their accurate masses were determined using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) experiments. Characteristic product ions of these two phenothiazine derivatives are more particularly displayed along with differences between their relative abundances and their structures checked by H/D exchange experiments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PTR‐TOF‐MS and data‐mining methods for rapid characterisation of agro‐industrial samples: influence of milk storage conditions on the volatile compounds profile of Trentingrana cheese
Authors: Fabris Alessandra , Biasioli Franco , Granitto Pablo M. , Aprea Eugenio , Cappellin Luca , Schuhfried Erna , Soukoulis Christos , Märk Tilmann D. , Gasperi Flavia , Endrizzi Isabella 
Published: August 2010

AbstractProton transfer reaction‐mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS), a direct injection mass spectrometric technique based on an efficient implementation of chemical ionisation, allows for fast and high‐sensitivity monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The first implementations of PTR‐MS, based on quadrupole mass analyzers (PTR‐Quad‐MS), provided only the nominal mass of the ions measured and thus little chemical information. To partially overcome these limitations and improve the analytical capability of this technique, the coupling of proton transfer reaction ionisation with a time‐of‐flight mass analyser has been recently realised and commercialised (PTR‐TOF‐MS). Here we discuss the very first application of this new instrument to agro‐industrial problems and dairy science in particular. As a case study, we show here that the rapid PTR‐TOF‐MS fingerprinting coupled with data‐mining methods can quickly verify whether the storage condition of the milk affects the final quality of cheese and we provide relevant examples of better compound identification in comparison with the previous PTR‐MS implementations. In particular, ‘Trentingrana’ cheese produced by four different procedures for milk storage are compared both in the case of winter and summer production. It is indeed possible to set classification models with low prediction errors and to identify the chemical formula of the ion peaks used for classification, providing evidence of the role that this novel spectrometric technique can play for fundamental and applied agro‐industrial themes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from selected Apulia coastal sites evaluated by GC–HRMS
Authors: Bianco Giuliana , Novario Giuseppe , Anzilotta Giuseppe , Palma Achille , Mangone Annarosa , Cataldi Tommaso R. I. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSamples of Mytilus galloprovincialis were examined to investigate the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the Apulia's marine environment, a region in the South of Italy. The levels of nine PBDE congeners were measured in 40 mussel samples taken from the aquaculture farms in the South of Adriatic Sea and North Ionian Sea along the Apulia coast. While accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was the extraction technique adopted using acetone/n‐hexane (1:1, v/v), the content of PBDEs was evaluated by using gas chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry (GC–HRMS) via electron ionization (EI) in the multiple ion monitoring (MIM) mode (two ions for each compound). The 13C mass‐labeled compounds were used to establish the levels of PBDEs in M. galloprovincialis samples. The total concentration of PBDEs (ΣPBDEs) ranged from 0.2 to 6.9 ng/g dry mass, with the highest concentrations found around coastal areas of Salento. With regard to the composition of PBDE congeners, BDE‐47, BDE‐99 and BDE‐100 were the predominant congeners in most of the samples. The present study is the first to report levels of PBDEs occurring in aquatic organisms living in aquaculture farms of Apulia region. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term course of probable PTSD after the 9/11 attacks: A study in urban primary care
Authors: Neria Yuval , Olfson Mark , Gameroff Marc J. , DiGrande Laura , Wickramaratne Priya , Gross Raz , Pilowsky Daniel J. , Neugebaur Richard , Manetti‐Cusa Julián , Lewis‐Fernandez Roberto , Lantigua Rafael , Shea Steven , Weissman Myrna M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAlthough the short‐ and midterm psychological effects of the attacks on September 11, 2001 (9/11) have been well described, less is known about the long‐term effects. This study examines the course of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), its predictors and clinical consequences in a cohort of 455 primary care patients in New York City, interviewed approximately 1 and 4 years after 9/11. The rate of PTSD decreased from 9.6% to 4.1%. Pre‐9/11 major depressive disorder emerged as the strongest predictor of PTSD, particularly late‐PTSD. At follow‐up, late‐PTSD was associated with major depressive and anxiety disorders, and PTSD regardless of timing was associated with impaired functioning. Findings highlight the importance of ongoing evaluation of mental health needs in primary care settings in the aftermath of disasters.
Elder mistreatment and physical health among older adults: The South Carolina elder mistreatment study
Authors: Cisler Josh M. , Amstadter Ananda B. , Begle Angela M. , Hernandez Melba , Acierno Ron 
Published: August 2010

AbstractExposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs), including interpersonal violence, is associated with poorer physical health in young adults. This relation has not been well‐investigated among older adults in specific populations. The present study was designed to investigate whether exposure to PTEs and elder mistreatment are associated with physical health status among older adults residing in South Carolina. Older adults aged 60 and above (N = 902) participated in a structured interview assessing elder mistreatment history, PTEs, demographics, and social dependency variables. Results demonstrated that PTEs were associated with poor self‐rated health independently and when controlling for other significant predictors. A recent history of emotional mistreatment was associated with poor self‐rated health independently, but not when controlling for other significant predictors.
Implementation of a screen and treat program for child posttraumatic stress disorder in a school setting after a school suicide
Authors: Charuvastra Anthony , Goldfarb Elizabeth , Petkova Eva , Cloitre Marylene 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTo provide effective treatments for childhood posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) children with PTSD must first be identified. The authors implemented a “screen and treat” program following a widely witnessed school suicide. Three months after the suicide, exposed students received the Child Trauma Symptom Questionnaire at school. Parents received the questionnaire to rate their children's PTSD symptoms. Children with scores ⩾5 received follow‐up interviews and those diagnosed with PTSD were referred for treatment. Ninety‐six percent of exposed students were screened, 14% screened positive, and 6% had PTSD. Child and parent agreement was generally poor. All children with PTSD were successfully referred to treatment. Screen and treat programs using existing clinical instruments are efficient and acceptable for use in school settings following trauma.
Defining torture: A review of 40 years of health science research
Authors: Green Debbie , Rasmussen Andrew , Rosenfeld Barry 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe current review critically examines the body of torture research (N = 209), focusing on the definition and operationalization of the primary construct. Almost three‐quarters (69.9%) of the studies reviewed did not reference any definition of torture. Few studies identified important contextual variables related to defining torture such as identities and motivations of perpetrators and severity of abuse. Definitional ambiguity further impacted how individuals were queried about their experiences and the extent to which torture was distinguished from other forms of maltreatment. Although there are notable exceptions, the methods used in the torture literature are variable and often undefined, impacting the interpretation of findings of risk factors, consequences, and treatment of torture events.
A comparison of two methods for preventing cross‐contamination when using flexible fiberoptic endoscopes in an otolaryngology clinic: Disposable sterile sheaths versus immersion in germicidal liquid
Authors: Elackattu Alphi , Zoccoli Mary , Spiegel Jeffrey H. , Grundfast Kenneth M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To assess the efficacy of using a sterile sheath to prevent cross‐contamination when using a fiberoptic nasopharnygolaryngoscope (FNPL) in an otolaryngology clinic.Study Design:Prospective controlled trial.Methods:All FNPLs were disinfected according to applicable current guidelines recommended by the US Center for Disease Control. Swabs were taken from multiple sites on 100 FNPLs for cultures to detect the presence of bacteria, viruses, or both. Each FNPL was then assigned to either the sheath alone (experimental) or germicidal immersion (control) group. After using an FNPL in a patient, swabs were again taken so that a comparison could be made in microbes on the scopes. Throughout the study, the steps in the disinfection process taken by medical assistants as they worked with the FNPLs were observed and recorded.Results:Microbial counts on insertion shafts of FNLPs for the sheath and immersion groups were similar, with 1/50 versus 0/50, respectively. Time spent using the sheath method averaged 89 seconds, whereas immersion in the germicidal liquid took 14 minutes. No breaches in adherence to applicable protocols were observed.Conclusions:Using an individually packaged disposable sterile sheath on a FNLP prevents microbes from adhering to the shaft of the scope, thus providing a reasonably safe method of avoiding the transmission of infection from one patient to the next patient when using an FNLP successively in multiple patients in an otolaryngology clinic. Laryngoscope, 2010
Lack of KISS1R expression is associated with rapid progression of conventional renal cell carcinomas
Authors: Chen Ying , Yusenko Maria V , Kovacs Gyula 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe mortality of patients with conventional renal cell carcinomas (RCC) correlates directly with the development of metastasis, which cannot be reliably predicted simply by TNM classification. The aim of this study was to identify genes associated with the tumour progression. We have analysed the global gene expression in conventional RCCs, including those with and without progression by Affymetrix GeneChip and selected the genes by gene set enrichment analysis. The expression and function of KISS1R was validated by RT–PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry and by in vitro experiments. An immunohistochemical and clinical follow‐up study showed that lack of KISS1R expression is associated with rapid progression of tumours. In vitro studies showed that activation of KISS1/KISS1R signalling by kisspeptin treatment decreases the motility and invasive capacity of tumour cells. The kisspeptin treatment also induces the expression of KISS1R in tumour cells in vitro and activates signalling in cases without constitutional expression of the receptor. Expression of the KISS1R protein can be used for estimating the prognosis of conventional RCCs. Confirming the activation of KISS1R signalling in vivo may open a way for kisspeptin treatment of patients with conventional RCCs. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of S‐Adenosyl‐l‐methionine in Fruits by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Van de Poel Bram , Bulens Inge , Lagrain Pieter , Pollet Jeroen , Hertog Maarten L. A. T. M. , Lammertyn Jeroen , De Proft Maurice P. , Nicolaï Bart M. , Geeraerd Annemie H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntroduction – S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM) plays an important role in many biochemical reactions in plants. It is mainly used as a methyl donor for methylation reactions, but it also participates in, for example, the biosynthesis of polyamines and the plant hormone ethylene.Objective –To develop a fast capillary electrophoresis technique to separate SAM in fruits and fruit juices without any pre‐purification steps.Methodology – Four different extraction solutions and two extraction times were tested, of which 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) for 10 min was found most suited. A glycine : phosphate buffer (200 : 50 mm, pH 2.5) was found optimal to analyse SAM in TCA extracts. Analyses were preformed on different climacteric and non‐climacteric fruits and fruit juices. The calibration curve was created in degraded tomato extract. The CE‐method was compared with a more conventional HPLC method described in literature.Results – The CE technique made it possible to completely separate the S,S‐ and R,S‐diastereoisomeric forms of SAM. The CE method proved to be very fast (20 min total running time instead of 42 min) and more sensitive (limit of detection of 0.5 µm instead of 1 µm) compared with the conventional HPLC method.Conclusion – Fast measurements of SAM in fruits and juices are favoured by capillary electrophoresis in a 200 : 50 mm glycine : phosphate (pH 2.5) buffer system.
Radical copolymerization of vinylidene fluoride with 1‐bromo‐2,2‐difluoroethylene
Authors: Kostov G. K. , Sauguet L. , Ameduri B. , Kaspar H. , Zipplies T. , Hintzer K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe radical copolymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and 1‐bromo‐2,2‐difluoroethylene (BDFE) in 1,1,1,3,3‐pentafluorobutane solution at different monomer molar ratios (ranging from 96/4 to 25/75 mol %) and initiated by tert‐butylperoxypivalate (TBPPI, mainly) is presented. Poly(VDF‐co‐BDFE) copolymers of various aspects (from white powders to yellow viscous liquids) were produced depending on the copolymer compositions. The microstructures of the obtained copolymers were characterized by 19F and 1H NMR spectroscopy and by elementary analysis and these techniques enabled one to assess the contents of both comonomers in the produced copolymers. VDF was shown to be more incorporated in the copolymer than BDFE. From the extended Kelen and Tudos method, the kinetics of the radical copolymerization led to the determination of the reactivity ratios, ri, of both comonomers (rVDF = 1.20 ± 0.50 and rBDFE = 0.40 ± 0.15 at 75 °C) showing that VDF is more reactive than BDFE. Alfrey‐Price's Q and e values of BDFE monomer were calculated to be 0.009 (from QVDF = 0.008) or 0.019 (from QVDF = 0.015) and +1.22 (vs. eVDF = 0.40) or +1.37 (vs. eVDF = 0.50), respectively, indicating that BDFE is an electron‐accepting monomer. Statistic cooligomers were produced with molar masses ranging from 1,800 to 5,500 g/mol (assessed by GPC with polystyrene standards). A further evidence of the successful copolymerization was shown by the selective reduction of bromine atoms in poly(VDF‐co‐BDFE) cooligomers that led to analog PVDF. The thermal properties of the poly(VDF‐co‐BDFE) cooligomers were also determined and those containing a high VDF amount exhibited a high thermal stability. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3964–3976, 2010.
Amino acid‐functionalized ethyl cellulose: Synthesis, characterization, and gas permeation properties
Authors: Ikeuchi Yoshitaka , Khan Fareha Zafar , Onishi Naoya , Shiotsuki Masashi , Masuda Toshio , Nishio Yoshiyuki , Sanda Fumio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAmino acid esters of ethyl cellulose [R′ = H (1), CH3 (2), CH2CH(CH3)2 (3), CH2CONH2 (4), CH2OCH2C6H5 (5, 5′), CH2CH2CH2CH2NHOCOC(CH3)3 (6)] were synthesized in moderate to quantitative yields (30–99%) by the reaction of t‐butoxycarbonyl (t‐Boc)‐protected amino acids or an activated ester derivative with hydroxy groups of ethyl cellulose [EC; degree of substitution (DSEt), 2.69]. The amino acid functionalities displaying varied chemical nature, shape, and bulk were used, and bulk of the substituent on the α‐carbon of amino acids was elucidated to be of vital significance for the observed degree of incorporation (DSEst). 1H NMR spectra were used to determine the degree of incorporation of amino acid moiety (DSEst), and almost complete substitution of the hydroxy protons was revealed in 1, 2, and 5′. The onset temperatures of weight loss of 1–6 were 198–218 °C, indicating fair thermal stability. The glass transition temperatures of the derivatized polymers were 30–40 °C lower than that of EC (Tg 131 °C; cf. Tg of 1–6, 93.5–103 °C). Free‐standing membranes of EC and its amino acid esters (1, 2, 5, 5′, and 6) were fabricated, and enhanced permselectivity for CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 gas pairs was discerned, when compared with EC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3986–3993, 2010
s‐Triazine‐based hyperbranched polyethers: Synthesis, characterization, and properties
Authors: Karak Niranjan , Roy Buddhadeb , Voit Brigitte 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA series of s‐triazine‐based hyperbranched polyethers (HBPE) have been synthesized to obtain thermostability but flexible polymers by an interfacial polycondensation of different diols as A2 and cyanuric chloride as B3 monomers using A2 + B3 approach in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. The polymerization reaction parameters are optimized, and the results indicate that the optimum conditions for the interfacial polycondensation are a 2:3 mole ratio of cyanuric chloride to diol using butanediol, benzyldimethylhexadecyl ammonium chloride as the catalyst, dichloromethane as the organic solvent, and a three‐step procedure with keeping the reaction mixture at different low temperatures for 2h/2h/5h. Other techniques such as high‐temperature solution, one‐step polycondensation, and transesterification were also carried out to synthesize the HBPE but proved to be not suitable due to large number of side reactions. The synthesized polymers were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, hydroxyl number determination, solution viscosity measurements, and GPC analysis. The thermal behavior of the hyperbranched polymer was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. All the results were compared with those from an analogous linear polyether, obtained from 2‐methoxy‐4,6‐dichloro‐s‐triazine and butanediol by using the same polymerization technique. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3994–4004, 2010
Hyperbranched‐upon‐dendritic macromolecules as unimolecular hosts for controlled release
Authors: Xia Changlei , Ding Xiangyu , Sun Yan , Liu Hewen , Li Yuesheng 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNovel amphiphilic hyperbranched‐upon‐dendritic polymers with a dendritic polyester core, a linear poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) inner shell, and a hyperbranched polyglycerol outer shell have been prepared. The structures of the hyperbranched‐upon‐dendritic polymers were characterized by using NMR spectra. The critical aggregating concentrations (CACs) of those amphiphilic hyperbranched‐upon‐dendritic polymers were measured by using pyrene as the polarity probe. To study the encapsulation performances of those hyperbranched‐upon‐dendritic polymers as unimolecular hosts, inter‐molecular encapsulation was carefully prevented by controlling the host concentrations below their CACs and by washing with good organic solvents. The study on encapsulation of two model guest molecules, pyrene and indomethacin, was performed. The amounts of encapsulated molecules were dependent mainly on the size of inner linear shells. About three pyrene molecules or five indomethacin molecules were encapsulated in hyperbranched‐upon‐dendritic polymers with average PCL repeating units of two but different hyperbranched polyglycerol outer shells, whereas about five pyrene molecules or about 12 indomethacin molecules were encapsulated in those with PCL repeating units of nine. The encapsulated molecules could be released in a controlled manner. Thus, the hyperbranched‐upon‐dendritic polymers could be used as unimolecular nanocarriers with controllable molecular encapsulation dosage for controlled release. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 4013–4019, 2010
Preparation, characterization, and properties of fluorene‐containing benzoxazine and its corresponding cross‐linked polymer
Authors: Liu Ying‐Ling , Chang Che‐Yuan , Hsu Chih‐Yuan , Tseng Min‐Chi , Chou Ching‐I 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA benzoxazine compound (FDP‐FBz), which possesses a fluorene group and two terminal furan groups, and its corresponding cross‐linked polymer (CR‐FDP‐FBz) have been prepared using 4,4′‐(9‐fluorenylidene)diphenol (FDP), furfurylamine, and formaldehyde as precursors. The chemical structure of FDP‐FBz has been characterized with Fourier‐transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. FDP‐FBz displays a melting point at about 173 °C and a processing window of 52 °C as well as good solubility in common organic solvents. As a result, FDP‐FBz can be fabricated in both molten and solution processes. Under an excitation at 365 nm, FDP‐FBz exhibits a photoluminescent (PL) emission at about 445 nm. The PL intensity of FDP‐FBz is as high as sixfolds of the intensity recorded with FDP. CR‐FDP‐FBz displays a glass transition temperature of 215 °C, a high storage modulus of 3.1 GPa, a 10% weight loss at 384 °C, and a high char yield of 56 wt % (900 °C, in nitrogen). Moreover, CR‐FDP‐FBz has a high refractive index of about 1.65 as a result of incorporating fluorene groups to its structure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 4020–4026, 2010