bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paradoxical replay can protect contextual task representations from destructive interference when experience is unbalanced
Authors: Chen Hung-Tu , van der Meer Matthijs A. A. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryExperience replay is a powerful mechanism to learn efficiently from limited experience. Despite several decades of compelling experimental results, the factors that determine which experiences are selected for replay remain unclear. A particular challenge for current theories is that on tasks that feature unbalanced experience, rats paradoxically replay the less-experienced trajectory. To understand why, we simulated a feedforward neural network with two regimes: rich learning (structured representations tailored to task demands) and lazy learning (unstructured, task-agnostic representations). Rich, but not lazy, representations degraded following unbalanced experience, an effect that could be reversed with paradoxical replay. To test if this computational principle can account for the experimental data, we examined the relationship between paradoxical replay and learned task representations in the rat hippocampus. Strikingly, we found a strong association between the richness of learned task representations and the paradoxicality of replay. Taken together, these results suggest that paradoxical replay specifically serves to protect rich representations from the destructive effects of unbalanced experience, and more generally demonstrate a novel interaction between the nature of task representations and the function of replay in artificial and biological systems.HighlightsWe provide an explicit normative explanation and simulations of the experimentally observed puzzle of “paradoxical replay”, which we show can serve to protect certain task representations from the destructive effects of unbalanced experienceWe confirm with new analyses the main prediction of the theory, that “rich” task representations, measured using representational distance in the rodent hippocampus, show more paradoxical replay compared to “lazy” task representationsOur theory refines the notion of consolidation in complementary learning systems theory in showing that not all task representations benefit equally from interleaving, and provides an example of how the use of replay in artificial neural networks can be optimized
O-GalNAc glycans enrich in white matter tracts and regulate nodes of Ranvier
Authors: Noel Maxence , Suttapitugsakul Suttipong , Cummings Richard D. , Mealer Robert G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProtein O-glycosylation is a critical modification in the brain, as genetic variants in the pathway are associated with both common and severe neuropsychiatric phenotypes. However, little is known about the most abundant type of O-glycan in the mammalian brain, which are O-GalNAc linked. Here, we determined the spatial localization, protein carriers, and cellular function of O-GalNAc glycans in mouse brain. We observed striking spatial enrichment of O-GalNAc glycans in white matter tracts and at nodes of Ranvier. Glycoproteomic analysis revealed that more than half of the identified O-GalNAc glycans were present on chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans termed lecticans, and display both domain enrichment and site-specific heterogeneity. Though genetic ablation in a single cell type failed to replicate the severe phenotypes seen in congenital disorders, inhibition of O-GalNAc synthesis in neurons reduced binding of Siglec-4, a known regulator neurite growth, and shortened the length of nodes of Ranvier. This work highlights a new function of O-GalNAc glycans in the brain and will inform future studies on their role in development and disease.
A Mutation inTmem135Causes Progressive Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Kim Mi-Jung , Simms Shion , Behnammanesh Ghazaleh , Honkura Yohei , Suzuki Jun , Park Hyo-Jin , Milani Marcus , Katori Yukio , Bird Jonathan E , Ikeda Akihiro , Someya Shinichi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTransmembrane protein 135 (TMEM135) is a 52 kDa protein with five predicted transmembrane domains that is highly conserved across species. Previous studies have shown that TMEM135 is involved in mitochondrial dynamics, thermogenesis, and lipid metabolism in multiple tissues; however, its role in the inner ear or the auditory system is unknown. We investigated the function of TMEM135 in hearing using wild-type (WT) andTmem135FUN025/FUN025(FUN025) mutant mice on a CBA/CaJ background, a normal-hearing mouse strain. AlthoughFUN025mice displayed normal auditory brainstem response (ABR) at 1 month, we observed significantly elevated ABR thresholds at 8, 16, and 64 kHz by 3 months, which progressed to profound hearing loss by 12 months. Consistent with our auditory testing, 13-month-oldFUN025mice exhibited a severe loss of outer hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea. Our results using BaseScopein situhybridization indicate that TMEM135 is expressed in the inner hair cells, outer hair cells, and supporting cells. Together, these results demonstrate that theFUN025mutation inTmem135causes progressive sensorineural hearing loss, and suggest that TMEM135 is crucial for maintaining key cochlear cell types and normal sensory function in the aging cochlea.
Analysis of COF-300 synthesis: probing degradation processes and 3D electron diffraction structure
Authors: Bourda Laurens , Bhandary Subhrajyoti , Ito Sho , Göb Christian R. , Van Der Voort Pascal , Van Hecke Kristof 
Published: May 2024

Although COF-300 is often used as an example to study the synthesis and structure of (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs), knowledge of the underlying synthetic processes is still fragmented. Here, an optimized synthetic procedure based on a combination of linker protection and modulation was applied. Using this approach, the influence of time and temperature on the synthesis of COF-300 was studied. Synthesis times that were too short produced materials with limited crystallinity and porosity, lacking the typical pore flexibility associated with COF-300. On the other hand, synthesis times that were too long could be characterized by loss of crystallinity and pore order by degradation of the tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)methane (TAM) linker used. The presence of the degradation product was confirmed by visual inspection, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As TAM is by far the most popular linker for the synthesis of 3D COFs, this degradation process might be one of the reasons why the development of 3D COFs is still lagging compared with 2D COFs. However, COF crystals obtained via an optimized procedure could be structurally probed using 3D electron diffraction (3DED). The 3DED analysis resulted in a full structure determination of COF-300 at atomic resolution with satisfying data parameters. Comparison of our 3DED-derived structural model with previously reported single-crystal X-ray diffraction data for this material, as well as parameters derived from the Cambridge Structural Database, demonstrates the high accuracy of the 3DED method for structure determination. This validation might accelerate the exploitation of 3DED as a structure determination technique for COFs and other porous materials.
A stranger with your door key: are we mistaking alienation for place attachment?
Authors: Cheek Wesley 
Published: May 2024

PurposeScholars of disaster have discussed how place attachment affects the disaster landscape. The rupture of self from home, of familiar into strange and disconnected is explored through this lens. I propose in this paper that it is possible that what we are seeing is not a sudden disruption of place attachment, but an ongoing process of alienation.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper I discuss the concepts of both place attachment and alienation. In particular I explore Marx’s concept of alienation. I then look at examples from disaster research and identify instances and concepts that can be better interpreted as an ongoing process of alienation.FindingsI find that, when using Marx’s framework of alienation, we can take examples from disaster studies that might appear as a sudden disruption of place attachment and critically examine them as cases of alienation.Originality/valueThis exploration of disaster theory offers a new framework for bringing together urban theory, in particular critical urban theory, with disaster research.
How to animate learners to persist in learning massive open online courses? An application of the stimulus-organism-response paradigm
Authors: Cheng Yung-Ming 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to propose a research model based on the stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) model to examine whether network externality, personalization and sociability as environmental feature antecedents to learners’ learning engagement (LE) can influence their learning persistence (LP) in massive open online courses (MOOCs).

Design/methodology/approach
Sample data for this study were collected from learners who had experience in taking MOOCs provided by the MOOC platform launched by a well-known university in Taiwan, and 371 usable questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation modeling in this study.

Findings
This study proved that learners’ perceived network externality, personalization and sociability in MOOCs positively affected their cognitive LE, psychological LE and social LE elicited by MOOCs, which jointly led to their LP in MOOCs. The results support all proposed hypotheses, and the research model accounts for 76.2% of the variance in learners’ LP in MOOCs.

Originality/value
This study uses the S–O–R model as a theoretical base to construct learners’ LP in MOOCs as a series of the inner process, which is affected by network externality, personalization and sociability. It is worth noting that three psychological constructs including cognitive LE, psychological LE and social LE are used to represent learners’ organismic states of MOOCs usage. To date, hedonic/utilitarian concepts are more often adopted as organisms in previous studies using the S–O–R model, and psychological constructs have received lesser attention. Hence, this study’ contribution on the application of capturing psychological constructs for completely expounding three types of environmental features as antecedents to learners’ LP in MOOCs is well documented.
To be or not to be mindful at work. Analysis of the effects on psychological strain and job satisfaction
Authors: Lohrmann Hannah , Tirrel Henning 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This study aims to uncover the theoretical role and the effects of mindfulness on psychological strain as well as job satisfaction among young German employees. The study took place during the COVID-19 pandemic, which was a stressful time for German employees. Thus, the role of mindfulness should be explained.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 198 participants was used for analysing the relationships by applying partial least squares structural equal modelling.

Findings
This study highlights that, in the working context, mindfulness was statistically significantly and negatively related to psychological strain (ß = −0.498, p < 0.000) and positively as well as statistically significantly related to job satisfaction (ß = 0.263, p < 0.000). Furthermore, psychological strain is negatively but statistically significant related to job satisfaction (ß = −0.207, p < 0.017). Additionally, psychological strain mediates the relationship between mindfulness and job satisfaction positively and significantly (ß = 0.103, p < 0.026).

Originality/value
This study contributes by firstly setting up a conceptual model that explicitly uncovers the paramount importance of mindfulness at work in relation to job satisfaction. Moreover, the authors contribute by highlighting that psychological strain is negatively affected by mindfulness. To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first study examining this interplay and setting up a new conceptual model.
Outnumbered and outranked: a macrostructural snapshot of gendered inequalities in higher academia in Jordan
Authors: Hawatmeh Christina Zacharia , Abu Hashish Iman , Alazzeh Rawand Rami 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This article aims to illuminate the gendered organisational structure of higher education in Jordan by collecting and analysing a national-level snapshot of the current distribution of women and men in leadership positions and academic ranks across Jordanian universities to pinpoint inequalities in specific levels and fields.

Design/methodology/approach
Grounded in gendered organisational theory, this study presents a snapshot of the gender composition of 10 public and 14 private universities in Jordan. The snapshot, collected in September 2022 from these universities’ websites, examines counts of male and female administrative leaders as well as academic staff across all ranks for all faculties in both STEM and liberal arts fields.

Findings
The distribution of women and men in leadership positions in universities across Jordan is highly unequal, with men outnumbering women in the uppermost positions by nearly 10:1. This gap decreases as the rank of positions decreases, indicative of a highly gendered organisational structure, with only three to four fields approaching gender parity.

Research limitations/implications
This paper offers a comprehensive and detailed quantitative foundation for researchers to investigate the underlying social, cultural, legal, political and economic factors perpetuating gender inequality in academia in Jordan and in comparative studies.

Practical implications
This study is relevant for targeting policies for advancing sustainable development goals, specifically 5.5, which aim at women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making.

Originality/value
This study provides the most detailed and extensive macro-level analysis of the gender composition of universities in Jordan.
Effect of blockchain technology adoption on construction supply chain: a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach
Authors: Okanlawon Taofeek Tunde , Oyewobi Luqman Oyekunle , Jimoh Richard Ajayi 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
The construction industry is frequently scrutinised by the public for a variety of issues, including waste, inefficiency, narrow profit margins, scheduling setbacks, budget overruns, quality concerns, trust deficits, transparency issues, coordination challenges, communication issues and fraud. The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of blockchain technology adoption on the construction supply chain.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a quantitative research approach through a questionnaire survey that was conducted among professionals in the Nigerian construction industry using the snowball sampling method, which resulted in a selection of 155 respondents. The collected data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling, enabling a thorough assessment of the proposed relationships and offering valuable insights specific to the construction industry.

Findings
The study’s findings validated the conceptual framework established. The results indicated that implementing blockchain across all stages of the construction supply chain has the potential to improve the construction process. The study also revealed that blockchain technology will significantly affect the construction supply chain in a positive manner.

Research limitations/implications
This research was carried out in the South-western region which is one of the six geo-political zones in Nigeria using a cross-sectional survey method. The study holds implications not only for local construction practices but will also contribute to the broader discourse on national construction sector challenges and possible solutions.

Practical implications
The findings of this study will be immensely beneficial to both professionals, practitioners and stakeholders in the Nigerian construction industry in learning about the potential of blockchain technology application in improving the construction supply chain.

Originality/value
The study in this paper constructed and evaluated a conceptual framework by exploring the connections between the variables. The results have significant implications for the construction sector, as they provide avenues for enhancing the construction process and the overall supply chain. These findings are valuable for researchers examining the potential effects of blockchain technology on the construction supply chain.
Quality of accounting graduates and employers’ expectationsin Ghana
Authors: Gyekye Kwabena Agyarko , Amo Ophelia 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the skills expected by employers and the skills demonstrated by accounting graduates with data from 160 employers of accounting graduates in Ghana. From the perspective of employers, the authors compare the expected skills to the skills demonstrated by accounting graduates and identify any significant gaps.

Design/methodology/approach
One-way analysis of variance, T-tests and factor analysis are used to test significant gaps that exist between expected and demonstrated skills by employers and accounting graduates using survey questionnaires and purposive sampling.

Findings
The results reveal that there are significant gaps between the expected skills of employers and the demonstrated skills of accounting graduates. The authors find generic skills to be more expected by employers, while technical skills are demonstrated most by accounting graduates. The top five skills expected by employers are: business ethics and integrity; problem solving and decision analysis; written communication skills; learning skills; and application of accounting principles.

Research limitations/implications
The study focuses only on organizations that use fresh accounting graduates in Ghana. Further studies may consider other business-related fields like finance, human resource management and marketing.

Practical implications
The study provides insights on standards that serve as benchmarks for the conduct of accounting graduates as well as the development of accounting curriculum in Ghana. Accounting education should incorporate work-integrated learning as part of their curriculum to enable accounting graduates to solve problems and make decisions through a practical application of accounting principles, standards and concepts, especially in conducting audit and writing reports.

Originality/value
This study fills the gap in the literature on accounting education from employers’ perspectives in a developing country. It conducts a comparative analysis between the most important skills required by employers and the ones demonstrated by accounting graduates to provide insights on standards that should serve as benchmarks for the development of the accounting curriculum from an emerging economy perspective.
Strategic alternatives for Muslim-friendly homestay in Sabah Malaysia: a SWOT/TOWS analysis
Authors: Lada Suddin , Chekima Brahim , Ansar Rudy , Lim Ming Fook , Bouteraa Mohamed , Abdul Adis Azaze-Azizi , Abd Karim Mohd Rahimie , Yong Kelvin 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This study aims to explore the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of the Muslim-friendly homestay business in Malaysia to help identify and recommend practical strategies to capitalize on the strengths and potentials while overcoming the current shortcomings and threats.

Design/methodology/approach
The Muslim-friendly business owner and operators in Sabah, Malaysia, were the subject of a series of focus groups and expert opinion interviews. The data was transcribed, and then the variables were categorized into the four SWOT categories using content and thematic analysis. Meanwhile, threats, opportunities, weaknesses and strengths (TOWS) analysis is used to identify the best strategy alternatives.

Findings
The SWOT analysis identifies several strengths (e.g. diverse and unique Islamic culture and heritage [S1], iconic Islamic landmarks [S2], rich natural beauty [S3], well-established halal tourism industry [S4]); weaknesses (e.g. limited awareness [W1], limited infrastructure and facilities [W2], limited human resources and trained personnel [W3], lack of Islamic tourism products and experiences [W4]); opportunities (e.g. growing demand for Islamic tourism [O1], increasing disposable income [O2], potential for collaborations [O3], potential for partnerships [O4], potential for expanding Sabah’s halal tourism offerings [O5]); and threats (e.g. competition [T1], political instability [T2], economic downturns [T3] and environmental and social challenges [T4]).

Practical implications
This paper could serve as a guideline and supplementary information for stakeholders in the homestay industry to grasp their business environment better.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its type to blend SWOT and TOWS analysis with the sector of Muslim-friendly homestays. Hence, the findings might expand understanding of the Muslim-friendly homestays industry and aid businesses in penetrating this growing market.
A legal walk of Sheffield: foregrounding the everyday presence of law in the city
Authors: Kanellopoulou Evgenia (Jenny) , Lalor Kay , Bennett Luke 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This account becomes both a theoretical and a methodological exploration of walking with the law; as such the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate how we migh walk in order to attend to how the law makes the built environment possible, how it shapes and creates places to be lived in, visited and experienced and how the law manifests in human encounters and interactions in the everyday life of the city.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the authors combine a walking narrative approach with an open-ended interview to raise awareness of the law’s hidden presence in the urban environment. The authors explore the city of Sheffield, in Yorkshire, in the North of England, to learn about its past, regeneration and future development by combining the appreciation of the built environment, as experienced by the senses and movement, with a guided tour.

Findings
This study highlights the interconnectivity of law and place both objectively and subjectively: the authors discuss sensorial experiences of law, and also elaborate on the normativity of law, as manifested in the regulation and the making of urban places in Sheffield.

Originality/value
The originality lies in the combination of methods used to appreciate the manifestation of law in the built environment, comprising interview, autoethnographic elements and walking (multisensory experience).