bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Conductivity and Rheological Behaviour of Al-alloy Dispersed Ethylene Glycol Based Nanofluids
Authors: Paul Gayatri , Philip John , Raj Baldev , Das Prasanta Kumar , Manna Indranil 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Al-alloy (Al-5 wt. %Zn and Al-5 wt. %Si) nanoparticle dispersed (0.01 − 2.00 vol. %) ethylene glycol based nanofluids are prepared by a two-step process. Prior to dispersing in ethylene glycol by magnetic stirring and ultrasonication the Al-alloy nanoparticles synthesized by mechanical alloying are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area diffraction (SAD), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to analyze the identity, size, shape, and purity of the powder. A maximum thermal conductivity enhancement of 16 % for Al-5 wt. %Zn and 13 % for Al-5 wt. %Si dispersed nanofluids are observed at 0.1 vol. % of nanoparticle concentrations. Rheological studies of nanofluids show interesting findings as the viscosity of both types of nanofluids are observed to exhibit values lower than that of base fluid at lower concentrations and higher at higher concentrations. Maximum enhancement of viscosity up to 180 % for Al-5 wt. %Si and 120 % for Al-5 wt. %Zn dispersed nanofluids are observed at 2.0 vol. % concentration.
Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α and Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharides Decrease Periostin in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts
Authors: Padial‐Molina Miguel , Volk Sarah L. , Rodriguez Juan C. , Marchesan Julie T. , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Rios Hector F. 
Published: July 2012

Background: Periostin is a matricellular protein essential for tissue integrity and maturation and is believed to have a key function as a modulator of periodontal ligament (PDL) homeostasis. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether periodontal disease‐associated pathogen‐related virulence factors (endotoxins/lipopolysaccharides [LPS]) and proinflammatory cytokines alter the expression of periostin in PDL cells.Methods: Human PDL cultures were exposed to inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α]), bacterial virulence factors (Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS) or a combination in a biomechanically challenged environment. Culture conditions were applied for 24 hours, 4 days, and 7 days. Periostin and TGF‐β inducible gene clone H3 (βIGH3) mRNA expression from cell lysates were analyzed. Periostin and βIGH3 proteins were also detected and semiquantified in both cell lysates and cell culture supernatants by Western blot. In addition, periostin localization by immunofluorescence was performed. Analysis of variance and Fisher tests were used to define the statistical differences among groups (P <0.05).Results: In a mechanically challenged environment, periostin protein was more efficiently incorporated into the matrix compared to the non‐loaded controls (higher levels of periostin in the supernatant in the non‐loaded group). Interestingly, chronic exposure to proinflammatory cytokines and/or microbial virulence factors significantly decreased periostin protein levels in the loaded cultures. There was greater variability on βIGH3 levels, and no particular pattern was clearly evident.Conclusions: Inflammatory mediators (TNF‐α) and bacterial virulence factors (P. gingivalis LPS) decrease periostin expression in human PDL fibroblasts. These results support a potential mechanism by which periostin alterations could act as a contributing factor during periodontal disease progression.
Kaempferol Inhibits P. intermedia Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Production of Nitric Oxide Through Translational Regulation in Murine Macrophages: Critical Role of Heme Oxygenase‐1‐Mediated ROS Reduction
Authors: Choi In Soon , Choi Eun‐Young , Jin Ji‐Young , Park Hae Ryoun , Choi Jeom‐Il , Kim Sung‐Jo 
Published: July 2012

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) could be a potential target for the development of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of periodontal disease because this molecule plays a significant role in the tissue destruction observed in periodontitis. In this study, the authors investigate the effect of kaempferol on the production of NO by murine macrophage‐like RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Prevotella intermedia, a pathogen implicated in periodontal disease, and try to determine the underlying mechanisms of action.Methods: NO production was assayed by measuring the accumulation of nitrite in culture supernatants. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed to quantify inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) mRNA expression. iNOS and HO‐1 protein expression and phosphorylation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and p38 were characterized via immunoblot analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using the redox‐sensitive fluorescent probe 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate.Results: Kaempferol significantly inhibited NO production and expression of iNOS protein in P. intermedia LPS‐stimulated RAW246.7 cells without affecting iNOS mRNA expression. Kaempferol upregulated HO‐1 expression in LPS‐activated cells. Inhibition of HO‐1 activity by tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP) abolished the suppressive effect of kaempferol on NO production. In addition, kaempferol significantly attenuated P. intermedia LPS‐induced increase of intracellular ROS, and SnPP blocked this reduction. Treatment with antioxidants downregulated the production of LPS‐induced NO.Conclusions: Kaempferol inhibits NO production and iNOS protein expression in P. intermedia LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells at the translational level via HO‐1‐mediated ROS reduction and could be an efficient modulator of host response in the treatment of periodontal disease.
Insurance Fraud: Losses, Liabilities, and September 11
Authors: Anderson Susan E. , Jones Lynn Comer , Reed Tracy N. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT
This instructional case presents available facts and circumstances surrounding Fortress Reinsurance (Fortress Re). Fortress Re, an agent securing aviation reinsurance, managed a reinsurance pool that covered all four planes involved in the September 11, 2001 disaster. Fortress Re had engaged in deceptive financial reporting, misleading its business partners to believe they were protected in the event of catastrophic loss. The events on 9/11 led to the discovery of this fraud, resulting in multiple lawsuits against Fortress Re, its owners, and its auditor, Deloitte. The case explores the questionable financial reporting and auditing practices employed, as well as significant charitable contributions made with fraudulent funds. The case can serve as an instructional resource for teaching financial accounting, auditing, tax, ethics, and law. The instructional use of this case has been tested in undergraduate and graduate classes. The case can improve students' research skills, since students must use the Accounting Standards Codification and IASB website to answer the financial accounting questions, and a tax research database to address the tax questions. A survey assessing the case found that students exhibited an understanding of and an interest in the case.
The effect of two different bracket types on the salivary levels of S mutans and S sobrinus in the early phase of orthodontic treatment
Authors: Jurela Antonija , Repic Dario , Pejda Slavica , Juric Hrvoje , Vidakovic Renata , Matic Igor , Bosnjak Andrija 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective:To determine the difference in the levels of Streptococcus mutans and S sobrinus in stimulated saliva in orthodontic patients with different bracket types (stainless steel and esthetic brackets) using polymerase chain reaction and cultivation method.Materials and Methods:Thirty-two patients, aged 13 to 30 years, were selected following these criteria: 1) orthodontic treatment indication, 2) systemic health, and 3) no tobacco and antibiotic consummation for three months prior to the commencement of the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the bracket type; 16 patients formed the conventional bracket group (stainless steel brackets), and 16 patients formed the esthetic bracket group (plastic brackets). The levels of S mutans and S sobrinus in stimulated whole saliva samples were collected prior to fixed orthodontic appliance placement (T1) and 12 weeks after placement (T2), as were the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Surface Index (DMFS) and Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S). Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis.Results:Statistical analysis (chi-square test) showed no difference in S mutans and S sobrinus counts among patients with different brackets at either T1 or T2. There was no difference in total bacteria counts after fixed orthodontic appliance placement.Conclusion:The number of colony-forming units of S mutans and S sobrinus in stimulated saliva samples does not seem to be significantly different between patients with stainless steel brackets and patients with plastic brackets.
Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from the Tervuren Museum, 1: Tortricini and Chlidanotini
Authors: Razowski Józef 
Published: July 2012

Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from the Tervuren Museum, 1: Tortricini and Chlidanotini
Twelve species are treated; one genus (Congoprinsia gen. n.) and nine species (Paraccra chorogiae sp. n., Panegyra sokokana sp. n., Cornesia arabuco sp. n., Congoprinsia juratae sp. n., Apotoforma mayumbeana sp. n., A. kakamegae sp. n., Acleris cameroonana sp. n., Xeneboda congo sp. n., X. mayumbea sp. n.) are described as new.
Rainfall drives hydrocephalus in East Africa
Authors: Schiff Steven J. , Ranjeva Sylvia L. , Sauer Timothy D. , Warf Benjamin C. 
Published: July 2012

Object
Hydrocephalus is one of the most common brain disorders in children throughout the world. The majority of infant hydrocephalus cases in East Africa appear to be postinfectious, related to preceding neonatal infections, and are thus preventable if the microbial origins and routes of infection can be characterized. In prior microbiological work, the authors noted evidence of seasonality in postinfectious hydrocephalus (PIH) cases.

Methods
The geographical address of 696 consecutive children with PIH who were treated over 6 years was fused with satellite rainfall data for the same time period. A comprehensive time series and spatiotemporal analysis of cases and rainfall was performed.

Results
Four infection-onset peaks were found to straddle the twice-yearly rainy season peaks, demonstrating that the infections occurred at intermediate levels of rainfall.

Conclusions
The findings in this study reveal a previously unknown link between climate and a neurosurgical condition. Satellite-derived rainfall dynamics are an important factor in driving the infections that lead to PIH. Given prior microbial analysis, these findings point to the importance of environmental factors with respect to preventing the newborn infections that lead to PIH.
Neurogenic claudication associated with posterior vertebral rim fractures in children
Authors: Thomas Jonathan G. , Boatey Jerome , Brayton Alison , Jea Andrew 
Published: July 2012

Object
Outside of the patient population with achondroplasia, neurogenic claudication is rare in the pediatric age group. Neurogenic claudication associated with posterior vertebral rim fracture is even more uncommon but nonetheless causes pain and disability in affected children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to describe the surgical results of 3 adolescents presenting with neurogenic claudication and posterior vertebral rim fracture when treated with laminectomy alone.

Methods
The medical and operative records of the 3 pediatric patients were retrospectively reviewed. Presenting signs and symptoms and CT findings, such as the interpedicular distances between T-12 and L-5, were obtained. Perioperative results were assessed, including operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, and complications. Findings at latest follow-up were also recorded, including a patient satisfaction survey.

Results
The 3 patients (1 girl and 2 boys) had a mean age of 14.7 years (range 14–15 years) and underwent follow-up for a mean of 11.3 months (range 5–18 months). Notable preoperative signs and symptoms included back pain (all patients), leg pain (all patients), leg numbness (1 patient), and leg weakness (1 patient). No patient presented with bowel and/or bladder dysfunction. The mean blood loss during laminectomy was 123 ml (range 20–300 ml), and the mean length of hospital stay was 4.3 days (range 3–6 days). On average, decompression was performed at 2.2 levels (range 2–2.5 levels). All 3 patients reported at most recent follow-up that they were “satisfied” with the surgery. There was 1 complication of instability from an iatrogenic pars fracture, which required reoperation and posterior instrumented fusion.

Conclusions
To the best of the authors' knowledge, this report represents the first surgical series of pediatric neurogenic claudication associated with posterior vertebral rim fractures. Pediatric neurosurgeons may infrequently encounter neurogenic claudication associated with a posterior vertebral rim fracture in children. To treat children with neurogenic claudication associated with posterior vertebral rim fractures, a simple laminectomy may be a safe and efficacious alternative to discectomy and removal of fracture fragments.
Au-delà du consentement : pour une théorie féministe de la séduction
Authors: Fassin Éric 
Published: July 2012

Résumé En France, l'affaire DSK a été l'occasion en 2011 d'une prise de conscience des enjeux liés aux violences sexuelles, mais aussi, paradoxalement, d'une controverse sur la séduction. C'était au nom d'un supposé « féminisme à la française », qu'on oppose depuis les années 1990 à un féminisme américain accusé de confondre violence et séduction. En réaction, le féminisme doit-il abandonner celle-ci à ses adversaires ? On fait ici le pari inverse : penser la séduction, c'est déplacer la question du consentement pour penser, non pas l'individu, libre ou contraint, mais le sujet (au sens de Foucault) qui se constitue dans une relation de pouvoir. Loin de faire abstraction de la domination, il convient au contraire de fonder l'érotique sur l'exploration de ce « problème ». Ainsi, politiquement, une théorie féministe de la séduction ne pourrait que rendre le féminisme plus séduisant.
Du droit au consentement. Sur quelques figures contemporaines du paternalisme, des sadomasochistes aux Témoins de Jéhovah
Authors: Quiviger Pierre-Yves 
Published: July 2012

Résumé La place désormais accordée au consentement dans la saisie par la jurisprudence des pratiques SM va dans le sens d'une diminution de l'importance du paternalisme sexuel. On compare ici cette question avec la persistance d'un paternalisme médical qui devrait pourtant être rendu impossible par le jeu des lois consacrées aux droits des malades (loi du 4 mars 2002, loi du 22 avril 2005). Les « victimes » des pratiques SM sont bien plus informées que les patients ne le sont par les médecins, le formalisme contractuel des « contrats » érotiques est plus marqué que celui des consentements à l'action médicale. Néanmoins, les magistrats continuent à craindre le surgissement de la violence dans le monde très codifié du SM alors qu'ils peinent à admettre, comme dans le cas des Témoins de Jéhovah transfusés contre leur volonté, qu'il puisse y avoir un mauvais traitement des patients, dès lors qu'on les a sauvés, y compris en méprisant leur refus de soin et leur absence de consentement. Il s'agit de démontrer que la question du consentement ne peut pas être appréhendée sans inscrire celui-ci dans le contexte qui le détermine et le borne, à savoir un paternalisme, soit médical, soit sexuel, dont l'importance est souvent inaperçue.
The Geometry and Fundamental Group of Permutation Products and Fat Diagonals
Authors: Kallel Sadok , Taamallah Walid 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPermutation products and their various “fat diagonal” subspaces are studied from the topological and geometric points of view. We describe in detail the stabilizer and orbit stratifications related to the permutation action, producing a sharp upper bound for its depth and then paying particular attention to the geometry of the diagonal stratum. We exhibit an expression for the fundamental group of any permutation product of a connected space Xhaving the homotopy type of a CW complex in terms of π1(X) and H1(X;Z). We then prove that the fundamental group of the configuration space of n-points on X, of whichmultiplicities do not exceed n2, coincides with H1(X; Z). Further results consist in giving conditions for when fat diagonal subspaces of manifolds can be manifolds again. Various examples and homological calculations are included.
Re-association Behavior of Casein Submicelles in Highly Alkaline Environments
Authors: Bian Hang , Plank Johann 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The pH-dependent dissociation and re-association behavior of casein proteins in alkaline environment was studied. In dilute aqueous solutions of pH = 12 and 13, casein was found to exist in the form of submicelles which represent the fundamental structural unit of casein micelles. Morphology and dimension of the casein submicelles were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), revealing spherical particles of ~ 10 - 30 nm in diameter. When the pH was increased to 14, unexpected re-association of casein submicelles occurred, resulting in the formation of large network aggregates at pH > 14. Furthermore, calcium phosphate was found to be the main driving force behind the re-association, as verified by comparative experiments employing Ca-depleted casein. Based on an analysis of potential interactions between the proteins, this re-association is ascribed to decreased electrostatic repulsion, strengthened hydrophobic attraction and formation of calcium phosphate linkages between casein proteins.
3-Phenyl-5-(2-pyridyl)pyrazolato Complexes of Lithium, Magnesium, Calcium, and Zinc
Authors: Kloubert Tobias , Görls Helmar , Westerhausen Matthias 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Metalation of 3-phenyl-5-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole (HPz, 1) with alkyllithium and -zinc compounds in tetrahydrofuran (thf) yields dinuclear products [(thf)Li(Pz)]2 (2) and [MeZn(Pz)]2 (3), respectively. Magnesiation of 1 with diethylmagnesium in tetrahydrofuran in the presence of 1,4-dioxane leads to cocrystallization of mononuclear [(thf)2Mg(Pz)2] (4a) and [(diox)2Mg(Pz)2] (4b). Metalation of 1 with KH followed by a metathesis reaction with CaI2 in tetrahydrofuran leads to the formation of dinuclear [{(thf)2Ca}(m-Pz)3Ca(Pz)] (5) with the calcium atoms in different coordination environments. The ligand precursor 1 crystallizes as a dimer with N-H···N bridges between the pyrazole fragments. The pyrazolate anions of the metal complexes 2 to 5 exhibit similar structural parameters regardless of a bridging or terminal coordination mode and the electronegativity of the coordinated metal.
Homo- and Hetero-bimetallic Flexibly Linked Dinuclear Salphen Complexes Homo- and Hetero-bimetallic Flexibly Linked Dinuclear Salphen Complexes
Authors: Vagin Sergei I. , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
A modification of the previously developed synthetic approach towards dinuclear flexibly linked salphen complexes is successfully utilized for the preparation of heterodinuclear salphen dimers. A dinuclear salphen species with Pd(II) and Cr(III) centers bears a stronger structural resemblance to the related bis-Cr(III) compound than the corresponding mononuclear Cr(III) salphen complex. Therefore, it was considered as a more useful model for the comparison with the homobinuclear Cr(III) complex regarding the catalytic activity in the ring-opening polymerization of β-butyrolactone, for which a bimetallic catalytic mechanism seems to operate. The polymerization results again have shown a higher activity of the homobinuclear Cr(III) complex.
Remote and α-Thio Carbene Complexes Derived from an Oxazolinylsubstituted Thiophene
Authors: Dobrzańska Liliana , Julius Gerrit R. , Stander-Grobler Elzet , Burger (neé Stander) Yolanda , Nogai Stefan D. , Cronje Stephanie , Raubenheimer Helgard G. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Transmetallation and oxidative substitution were utilized to prepare examples of group 14, group 6 and group 10 complexes from lithiated or chlorinated 4,4-dimethyl-2-(2-thienyl) oxazoline or its N-alkylated analogs. Two of the product types (2and 5) can be classified as a-thio or remote carbene complexes, depending on the position (3- or 5-) of attachment to the substituted thiophene ring. Spectroscopic measurements as well as crystal and molecular structure determinations clarified the bonding within the new compounds.
What do hospital labs really need to streamline diagnostic testing: Apple vs. Microsoft environment?
Authors: Millar Doug , Melki John 
Published: July 2012

Molecular diagnostic (MDx) tests are now commonplace in virtually every hospital and pathology laboratory, however many questions have arisen, such as â€œWhat do diagnostic laboratories require from the MDx revolution in order to better improve patient care?â€ and â€œIs a fully integrated â€˜black-boxâ€™ device the answer to simple rapid diagnostic testing or do mainstream laboratories require more in terms of available testing menu and streamlined workflow?â€Â With more and more â€˜black-boxâ€™ devices available on the market, laboratories need to first decide if they need to make such an investment, and if so, in which to make the most appropriate investment, whilst also considering the cost of consumables.Â Currently the associated costs of an integrated solution can be prohibitive for small to medium sized laboratories, however this does not necessarily mean that they need to miss out on the many benefits that MDx testing can bring. Here we examine what role an open-platform suite of MDx assays can play in the MDx testing landscape. In order to be successful we assume that open-platform tests will utilise a universal sample preparation method for all sample types and be compatible with a broad range of existing Real-Time PCR hardware. Â This is in effect the â€˜Microsoftâ€™ model, which provides software compatible with existing hardware, compared to the â€˜Apple black-boxâ€™ model of supplying both the hardware and software.Â Clearly there is a place for both approaches in the clinical diagnostic sector, but until the â€˜black-boxâ€™ systems broaden their testing menu for all sample types and reduce the cost of consumables, their use may be limited to single analyte niche testing rather than being a central workhorse in the mainstream hospital and pathology laboratories. The goal for testing laboratories is to provide rapid and definitive identification of pathogens in order to aid optimal patient management.Â In the current setting this is only available by using a battery of tests from different manufacturers, or by relying on traditional methods that can take several days to generate a result.Â It is proposed that a true open-platform MDx testing system may bring the benefits of rapid and accurate testing to many small to medium laboratories without the need for a large upfront investment and associated high consumable costs.