bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vers une action pédagogique égalitaire : pluralisme des contenus et différenciation des interventions
Authors: Haramein Ali , Hutmacher Walo , Perrenoud Philippe 
Published: July 2012

Est-il possible que l’action pédagogique soit à la fois différenciée et égalitaire; qu’elle s’adapte à la réalité de chaque enfant, à ses intérêts, ses motivations, ses acquis antérieurs et à son héritage culturel et qu’elle conduise néanmoins tous les enfants à maîtriser, dans une certaine limite de temps, les instruments de pensée et de communication, les savoirs et les savoir-faire correspondant aux objectifs éducatifs fondamentaux? Cet essai tente de fournir des éléments de réponse à cette question :
Quand l’orientation devient « écologique »
Authors: Limoges Jacques 
Published: July 2012

Depuis longtemps, on a reproché à l’orientation d’évoluer en vase clos, loin des réalités psychologiques et sociales. Après avoir défini brièvement la finalité de l’orientation, l’auteur la situe dans une perspective plus large : le développement de l’égo. De plus, avec un programme approprié et résultats à l’appui, l’orientation peut devenir un stimulant significatif du développement de l’égo. Les résultats rapportés dans cet article proviennent d’une étude plus englobante dont l’objectif était de mesurer une approche conceptuelle en orientation (cf. Limoges, 1979).
L’approche conceptuelle en orientation : un bilan fort positif
Authors: Limoges Jacques 
Published: July 2012

Dans le but de contrecarrer la quantité grandissante et éphémère du contenu d’orientation, soit l’information scolaire et professionnelle, une approche conceptuelle fut utilisée pour dégager une taxonomie hiérarchique de ce contenu. Dans un deuxième temps, à ce nouveau contenu s’ajouta une méthodologie de type « interactionnelle » pour former un programme.
Afin d’évaluer l’efficacité directe et indirecte de ce programme, deux groupes d’étudiants de 2ème cycle secondaire, dont l’un reçut ledit programme, furent comparés en prétest et en post-test par rapport au développement vocationnel, égologique et intellectuel. Dans l’article qui suit, les résultats sont présentés et analysés.
Le « bon professeur d’université » tel que perçu par les étudiants de premier cycle de l’Université de Montréal
Authors: Blondin Denis 
Published: July 2012

L’étude tente de répondre à la question : « Qu’est-ce qu’un bon professeur d’université? »
On a demandé à un échantillon d’étudiants de 1er cycle de l’Université de Montréal de choisir les trois qualités les plus importantes dans une liste qui en présentait quinze.
Les résultats montrent que le « bon professeur » est d’abord un expert dans son domaine, qu’il est un organisateur du savoir à communiquer et qu’il intègre la théorie et la pratique dans son enseignement. D’autres qualités sont également souvent mentionnés : il communique avec clarté, il stimule le développement intellectuel de ses étudiants et il aime enseigner; il présente la matière de façon intéressante et il respecte ses étudiants.
Son objectivité dans l’évaluation, les traits de sa personnalité, sa disponibilité, sa réputation de chercheur ou d’auteur savant, sa facilité dans les relations humaines n’ont pas une importance décisive.
On a étudié également le profil du « bon professeur » selon différents secteurs de l’Université de Montréal.
Janua Linguarum Reserata 350 ans après
Authors: Caravolas Jean 
Published: July 2012

La publication de la Janua Linguarum Reserata en 1631, marque un tournant décisif dans la vie de Jan Amos Comenius (Komensky); elle représente une étape importante dans l’histoire de l’éducation et, surtout, la Janua institue la didactique des langues en discipline autonome.
Contrairement à d’autres auteurs de méthodes linguistiques, Comenius concevait l’enseignement et l’apprentissage d’une langue (savante ou vulgaire), non pas comme un problème isolé, mais dans ses rapports avec la pédagogie, le philosophie et la science de son temps.
C’est probablement cette vue globale des questions relatives à l’acquisition des langues qui lui permit d’en déduire un ensemble cohérent de principes simples, dont le plus connu est le parallélisme des mots et des choses. Ces principes, acceptés, corrigés ou rejetés continuent depuis des siècles à alimenter les discussions des spécialistes. Ceci constitue la preuve indéniable de l’actualité de la didactique des langues de l’auteur de la Janua, 350 ans après.
Avenues pour l’audiovisuel à l’université dans les années 1980
Authors: Carrier Gilles 
Published: July 2012

L’auteur, à la suite de son expérience personnelle dans un Centre audiovisuel universitaire et de lectures sur la question, brosse ici un tableau de l’évolution des Centres audiovisuels universitaires au Québec.
Il définit l’adoption des techniques de communication audiovisuelles comme étant l’adoption d’une innovation dans l’enseignement universitaire. Compte tenu des récompenses qui encouragent le professeur universitaire à promouvoir ses activités de recherche, il ressort que les démarches d’amélioration de son enseignement et, a fortiori, de l’utilisation de l’audiovisuel deviennent secondaire.
Heureusement toutefois, pour l’audiovisuel, tous les professeurs ne s’occupent pas de recherche à temps complet dans toutes les facultés. On retrouve dans les écoles professionnelles, les sciences sociales, une préoccupation d’enseignement efficace et intéressant qui recourt plus souvent à la technologie nouvelle des moyens de communication audiovisuels.
Ce « marché » naturel de l’audiovisuel semble avoir été cultivé beaucoup depuis la création des Centres audiovisuels universitaires, de sorte qu’on pourrait proclamer la fin du développement quantitatif des services et des ressources de ces centres et proposer comme prochaine étape celle du développement qualitatif des services de l’audiovisuel : de différenciation plus poussée de ces services en fonction des usagers traditionnels et potentiels, de pénétration plus poussée dans la vie quotidienne de l’étudiant et du professeur-chercheur.
Le plein air pédagogique dans les écoles du Québec : étude de participation
Authors: Cousineau Claude 
Published: July 2012

L’auteur tente de mesurer l’évolution du taux et des modes de participation au plein air pédagogique dans les écoles du Québec. L’analyse des données révèle que la très grande majorité des écoles est maintenant engagée dans cette forme de pédagogie et que, dans l’ensemble, les élèves « sortent » de l’école de deux à quatre fois par année. Une augmentation significative de la participation à des sorties de plein air a aussi été notée. Une conception stéréotypée et limitée du plein air pédagogique semble persister. On a souvent tendance à surestimer les ressources nécessaires pour le plein air pédagogique.
Distinction entre maternage et éducation
Authors: Katz Lilian G. 
Published: July 2012

Dans cet essai, l’auteure propose certaines distinctions entre les rôles respectifs des mères et des éducateurs. Les différences entre maternage et éducation sont établies sous l’angle de sept dimensions : (1) la portée de la fonction; (2) l’intensité de l’affect; (3) l’attachement; (4) la rationalité; (5) la spontanéité; (6) la partialité; (7) la portée de la responsabilité. L’auteure insiste pour que l’objectif des programmes d’éducation des parents ne soit pas de supplanter mais de soutenir les objectifs poursuivis par ceux-ci, ainsi que leurs modèles de réponse à leurs enfants. La complémentarité entre le rôle des parents et le rôle des éducateurs devrait être reconnue.
High-Risk Suicide Locations in Australia
Authors: Too Lay San , Shin Sangsoo , Mavoa Suzanne , Law Phillip Cheuk Fung , Clapperton Angela , Roberts Leo , Arensman Ella , Spittal Matthew J. , Pirkis Jane 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceAlthough several interventions have been shown to be effective in preventing suicide at high-risk locations, the potential for these interventions to be deployed is limited by a lack of knowledge about where high-risk locations are and the factors associated with choosing these locations.ObjectiveTo identify high-risk suicide locations in Australia and the factors associated with choosing these locations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case-control study included data on individuals who died by suicide in Australia between January 2001 and December 2017, obtained from the National Coronial Information System. Data analysis was conducted from February to December 2021.ExposuresSociodemographic, residential, incident time, and incident location variables.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe scan statistic was used to detect spatial clusters of suicides in public locations. Suicide locations within significant clusters with at least 0.5 suicides per year were defined as high-risk locations. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the factors associated with choosing a high-risk location.ResultsOver the study period, 10 701 suicides took place in public places. The individuals who died of suicide in public places included 8602 (80.4%) male individuals, and most were aged 25 to 49 years (5825 [54.5%]). A total of 17 high-risk suicide locations in Australia were detected. These involved 495 suicides, which accounted for 4.6% of suicides in public locations. For suicides at high-risk locations, 82.2% (407 of 495) occurred at cliffs and bridges. Being female (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.73; 95% CI, 1.41-2.13), employed (aOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.20-2.04), never married (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.26-2.13), and from a major city (aOR, 3.94; 95% CI, 2.94-5.28) were associated with the choice of a high- over low-risk suicide location. High-risk locations tended to be in major cities.Conclusions and RelevanceThis case-control study found 17 high-risk suicide locations in Australia and the factors associated with the choice of these locations. Actions should be taken to prevent suicide at these locations where possible.
Performance of Tumor Surveillance for Children With Cancer Predisposition
Authors: Blake Alise , Perrino Melissa R. , Morin Cara E. , Taylor Leslie , McGee Rose B. , Lewis Sara , Hines-Dowell Stacy , Pandey Arti , Turner Paige , Kubal Manish , Su Yin , Tang Li , Howell Laura , Harrison Lynn W. , Abramson Zachary , Schechter Ann , Sabin Noah D. , Nichols Kim E. 
Published: June 2024

ImportancePediatric oncology patients are increasingly recognized as having an underlying cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS). Surveillance is often recommended to detect new tumors at their earliest and most curable stages. Data on the effectiveness and outcomes of surveillance for children with CPS are limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of surveillance across a wide spectrum of CPSs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study reviewed surveillance outcomes for children and young adults from birth to age 23 years with a clinical and/or molecular CPS diagnosis from January 1, 2009, through September 31, 2021. Patients were monitored using standard surveillance regimens for their corresponding CPS at a specialty pediatric oncology center. Patients with hereditary retinoblastoma and bone marrow failure syndromes were excluded. Data were analyzed between August 1, 2021, and December 6, 2023.ExposureCancer predisposition syndrome.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes of surveillance were reviewed to evaluate the incidence, spectrum, and clinical course of newly detected tumors. Surveillance modalities were classified for accuracy and assessed for common strengths and weaknesses.ResultsA total of 274 children and young adults (mean age, 8 years [range, birth to 23 years]; 144 female [52.6%]) with 35 different CPSs were included, with a median follow-up of 3 years (range, 1 month to 12 years). During the study period, 35 asymptomatic tumors were detected in 27 patients through surveillance (9.9% of the cohort), while 5 symptomatic tumors were detected in 5 patients (1.8% of the cohort) outside of surveillance, 2 of whom also had tumors detected through surveillance. Ten of the 35 tumors (28.6%) were identified on first surveillance imaging. Malignant solid and brain tumors identified through surveillance were more often localized (20 of 24 [83.3%]) than similar tumors detected before CPS diagnosis (71 of 125 [56.8%]; P &amp;lt; .001). Of the 24 tumors identified through surveillance and surgically resected, 17 (70.8%) had completely negative margins. When analyzed across all imaging modalities, the sensitivity (96.4%), specificity (99.6%), positive predictive value (94.3%), and negative predictive value (99.6%) of surveillance were high, with few false-positive (6 [0.4%]) or false-negative (5 [0.3%]) findings.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that standardized surveillance enables early detection of new tumors across a wide spectrum of CPSs, allowing for complete surgical resection and successful treatment in the majority of patients.
Intraocular Pressure Outcomes After Lampalizumab Injections in Patients With Geographic Atrophy
Authors: Bressler Neil M. , Freund K. Bailey , Bakri Sophie J. , Kim Judy E. , Ferrara Daniela , Brittain Christopher , Pickthorn Karen , Lin Hugh , Sun Christy , Martin Jillian 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceIntraocular pressure (IOP) elevations of clinical relevance have been observed after the commonly used 0.05-mL volume for intravitreous injections. However, more recently approved intravitreous agents involve volumes from 0.07 to 0.1 mL. It is not well established whether repeated 0.1-mL intravitreous injections may result in IOP-related complications.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of 1 year of repeated 0.1-mL intravitreous injections on IOP outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study was a post hoc analysis of 2 clinical trials investigating the IOP safety of intravitreous lampalizumab on geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Both trials were conducted between 2014 and 2018 and recruited participants who were 50 years or older and had bilateral geographic atrophy. This post hoc analysis was performed between 2018 and 2022.InterventionsIntravitreous lampalizumab, 0.1 mL, every 4 weeks; lampalizumab, 0.1 mL, every 6 weeks; or sham procedure every 4 weeks or 6 weeks for 48 weeks.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIOP changes in the 4-week-frequency study arms and ocular adverse events to week 48 in all arms. The hypothesis for this analysis was formulated after data collection.ResultsAmong a total of 1851 participants, there was no change in mean pre-injection IOP values through 48 weeks in either arm. The adverse events glaucoma and ocular hypertension were reported for 1.8% of participants treated with lampalizumab and 1.6% of those in the sham arm.Conclusions and RelevanceOver 1 year, IOP increases were rare and did not affect treated participants more frequently than sham arm participants. These findings support the low risk of persistent IOP increases, on average, of intravitreous 0.1-mL injection volumes administered for 1 year in a manner similar to that performed in these clinical trials. These results may be valuable in the design of future therapeutic trials considering this volume for injections particularly as more recently approved agents use volumes of 0.07 to 0.1 mL.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02247479 and NCT02247531
Voice Disorder Prevalence and Vocal Health Characteristics in Children
Authors: Fujiki Robert Brinton , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceVoice disorders impede communication and limit quality of life for many children. However, research demonstrating the prevalence of pediatric voice problems and associated voice use patterns is scarce. This investigation examined the prevalence of voice problems and vocal health characteristics of school-aged children.ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of voice problems in school-aged children throughout the US with reference to lifestyle, demographic characteristics, and voice use patterns.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study used a cross-sectional design to survey a probability sample of caregivers of children aged 4 to 12 years living throughout the US in 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCaregivers were surveyed regarding their children’s voice use, voice symptoms, voice problems, extracurricular activities, and demographic information. Caregivers also competed the Pediatric Voice-Related Quality of Life questionnaire. The Fisher exact test, χ2 tests, and logistic regression were used to compare children with and without voice problems.ResultsOverall, 6293 panelists were invited to complete screening questions for the survey, and 1789 individuals were screened for eligibility between March and April 2023. Of these, 1175 parents (65.7%) completed the survey. Twenty-one (1.8%) were excluded for a combination of either high refusal rates (n = 16), speeding (n = 2), or straight lining (n = 12). The final number of participants included in analysis was 1154 caregivers of children aged 4 to 12 years (559 female children [48.4%]; 595 male children [51.6%]; mean [SD] age, 8.02 [2.49] years). The prevalence of voice problems in children was 6.7% (n = 78), and the lifetime prevalence was 12% (n = 138). Benign vocal fold lesions was the most common diagnosis underlying voice complaints, and other causes included respiratory illness, allergies, autism-related voice issues, and other neurological conditions. Risk factors for pediatric voice problems included being male (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.0-2.1), having more than 4 individuals living in the household (OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.2-4.4), poor speech intelligibility (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.2-4.3), maternal history of voice problems (OR, 4.54; 95% CI, 1.2-16.4), participating in online gaming (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.0-2.3), and secondhand smoke exposure (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.6). Voice use–related risk factors included frequent talking, coughing, throat clearing, tantrums/crying, and vocal strain. Voice problems were associated with substantially detracted quality of life as measured by the Pediatric Voice-Related Quality of Life questionnaire, limited social/extracurricular interactions, increased school absences, and negative attention from adults.ConclusionsThe results of this survey study suggest that pediatric voice problems are relatively common and detract from quality of life. Specific environmental and behaviorial factors are associated with increased risk for voice disorders.
Readability of Patient Education Materials in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Armache Maria , Assi Sahar , Wu Richard , Jain Amiti , Lu Joseph , Gordon Larissa , Jacobs Lisa M. , Fundakowski Christopher E. , Rising Kristin L. , Leader Amy E. , Fakhry Carole , Mady Leila J. 
Published: June 2024

ImportancePatient education materials (PEMs) can promote patient engagement, satisfaction, and treatment adherence. The American Medical Association recommends that PEMs be developed for a sixth-grade or lower reading level. Health literacy (HL) refers to an individual’s ability to seek, understand, and use health information to make appropriate decisions regarding their health. Patients with suboptimal HL may not be able to understand or act on health information and are at risk for adverse health outcomes.ObjectiveTo assess the readability of PEMs on head and neck cancer (HNC) and to evaluate HL among patients with HNC.Evidence ReviewA systematic review of the literature was performed by searching Cochrane, PubMed, and Scopus for peer-reviewed studies published from 1995 to 2024 using the keywords head and neck cancer, readability, health literacy, and related synonyms. Full-text studies in English that evaluated readability and/or HL measures were included. Readability assessments included the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL grade, 0-20, with higher grades indicating greater reading difficulty) and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE score, 1-100, with higher scores indicating easier readability), among others. Reviews, conference materials, opinion letters, and guidelines were excluded. Study quality was assessed using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies.FindingsOf the 3235 studies identified, 17 studies assessing the readability of 1124 HNC PEMs produced by professional societies, hospitals, and others were included. The mean FKGL grade ranged from 8.8 to 14.8; none of the studies reported a mean FKGL of grade 6 or lower. Eight studies assessed HL and found inadequate HL prevalence ranging from 11.9% to 47.0%.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings indicate that more than one-third of patients with HNC demonstrate inadequate HL, yet none of the PEMs assessed were developed for a sixth grade or lower reading level, as recommended by the American Medical Association. This incongruence highlights the need to address the readability of HNC PEMs to improve patient understanding of the disease and to mitigate potential barriers to shared decision-making for patients with HNC. It is crucial to acknowledge the responsibility of health care professionals to produce and promote more effective PEMs to dismantle the potentially preventable literacy barriers.
Technical Notes: Robustness of three‐dimensional treatment and imaging isocenter testing using a new gel dosimeter and kilovoltage CBCT
Authors: Oshika Riki , Tachibana Hidenobu , Seki Kazuya , Tachibana Rie , Moriya Shunsuke , Sakae Takeji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundCoincidence of the treatment and imaging isocenter coordinates is required to safely perform small‐margin treatments, such as stereotactic radiosurgery of multiple brain metastases. A comprehensive and direct methodology for verifying concordance of kilovoltage cone‐beam computed tomography (kV‐CBCT) and treatment coordinates using an x‐ray CT‐based polymer gel dosimeter (dGEL) and onboard kV‐CBCT was previously reported. Using this methodology, we tested the ability of a new commercially available x‐ray CT‐based polymer dGEL with a rapid response to provide efficient quality assurance (QA).PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the robustness of the three‐dimensional geometric QA methodology using dGEL.MethodsThe dGEL were commercially manufactured. The prescribed dose for each field was determined by visually identifying the 5, 10, and 20 Gy isodose lines. A linear accelerator was used to irradiate the gels with seven non‐coplanar beams. An in‐house analysis program was used to identify the beam axes and treatment isocenter in kV‐CBCT coordinates by processing the pre‐ and post‐irradiation CBCT images. The impact of the radiation dose on the test reproducibility was examined, and the detectability of an intentional geometric error was assessed.ResultsThe treatment isocenter was within 0.4 mm of the imaging isocenter for all radiation doses. The residual error of the test with the intentional error was within 0.2 mm. The analysis and image quality variations for a single dGEL introduced displacement errors less than 0.3 mm.ConclusionsThe test assessed the coincidence of treatment and kV‐CBCT isocenter coordinates and detected errors with high robustness. Even for a 10 Gy dose, the test yielded results comparable with those obtained using higher radiation doses owing to the rapid response of the dGEL dosimeter.