bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employee Engagement in CSR: The Case of Payroll Giving in Australia
Authors: Haski‐Leventhal Debbie 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTPayroll giving (on‐going donations deducted from an employee's salary) is an effective way to engage employees – important Stakeholders – in the company's corporate social responsibility (CSR). This paper is based on a study that was conducted among 24 Australian companies, with over 4500 employees, to examine how participation and levels of giving relate to background variables (income, job level, education, age, family status, and giving behavior), attitudes (motivations, barriers, attitudes toward the employers’ engagement in the community and organizational commitment), as well as organizational factors (size, industry type, overall level of participation, and matching donations by the employer). We found payroll giving to be significantly related to all background variables and organizational factors. As for attitudes, we found significant differences between high‐level givers, low‐level givers, former givers and non‐givers in regards to their motivations, barriers and attitudes towards their employer's engagement in the community, but not to organizational commitment. The study shows that stakeholder theory and corporate giving theories can be combined to involve employees in the company's giving. The findings can help companies to understand how to better communicate, segment and donate in a way that will increase participation of employees. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The difference of glucostatic parameters according to the remission of diabetes after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass
Authors: Kim Mee Kyoung , Lee Hong Chan , Lee Seung Hwan , Kwon Hyuk‐Sang , Baek Ki‐Hyun , Kim Eung Kook , Lee Kwang Woo , Song Ki‐Ho 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundGut hormones play a role in diabetes remission after a Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Our aim was to investigate differences in gut hormone secretion according to diabetes remission after surgery. Second, we aimed to identify differences in insulin secretion and sensitivity according to diabetes remission after RYGB.MethodsTwenty‐two severely obese patients with type 2 diabetes underwent RYGB. A meal tolerance test (MTT) was performed 12 months after RYGB. The secretions of active glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (active GLP‐1), glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), peptide YY, C‐peptide and insulin during the MTT test were calculated using total area under the curve values (AUC). Remission was defined as glycated haemoglobin (A1C) of <6.5% and a fasting glucose concentration of <126 mg/dL for 1 year or more without active pharmacological therapy.ResultsOf the 22 patients, 16 (73%) had diabetes remission (remission group). The secretion CURVES of active GLP‐1, GIP and peptide YY were not different between the groups. AUC of insulin and C‐peptide were also not different. Homeostasis model assessment estimate of insulin resistance was significantly lower (1.26 ± 1.05 versus 2.37 ± 1.08, p = 0.006), and Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity was significantly higher in the remission group (10.5 ± 6.2 versus 5.8 ± 2.1, p = 0.039). The disposition index (functional reserve of beta cells) was significantly higher in the remission group compared with that in the non‐remission group (5.34 ± 2.74 versus 1.83 ± 0.70, p < 0.001).ConclusionsRemission of diabetes after RYGB is not associated with a difference in gut hormone secretion. Patients remaining diabetic had higher insulin resistance and decreased β cell functional reserve. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection methods for autologous blood doping
Authors: Segura J. , Monfort N. , Ventura R. 
Published: March 2012

The use of blood doping is forbidden by the World Anti‐Doping Agency. Several practices, such as blood transfusions are used to increase oxygen delivery to muscles and all of them are highly pursued. In this regard, the development of accurate methodologies for detecting these prohibited practices is one of the current aims of the anti‐doping control laboratories. Flow cytometry methods are able to detect allogeneic blood transfusions but there is no official methodology available to detect autologous blood transfusions.This paper reviews protocols, including the Athlete Biological Passport, that use indirect markers to detect misuse of blood transfusions, especially autologous blood transfusions. The methods of total haemoglobin mass measurements and the detection of metabolites of blood bags plasticizers in urine are reviewed. The latter seems to be an important step forward because it is a fast screening method and it is based on urine, a fluid widely available for doping control. Other innovative approaches to blood transfusion detection are also mentioned. A combination of the reported methodologies and the implementation of the Athlete Biological Passport is becoming a promising approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cross‐sectional analysis of the cognitive model of bulimia nervosa
Authors: Bergin Jacqueline L. , Wade Tracey D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective:The present study aimed to directly test Cooper et al.'s cognitive model of the maintenance of bulimia nervosa.Method:The major predictions of the model were tested cross‐sectionally using multiple regression analyses and structural equation modeling in a mixed sample comprising nonclinical female university students (n = 298) and clinical eating disorder patients (n = 44).Results:Consistent with model, negative self‐beliefs was associated with negative emotion, negative emotion with positive and negative beliefs about eating, beliefs about eating with eating behavior, and binge eating with negative self‐beliefs. However, contrary to hypotheses, results did not consistently support a direct link between compensatory behavior and negative self‐beliefs. Furthermore, the role of permissive thoughts was found to be questionable. Of note, results suggested that components of the model may operate to maintain bulimic pathology in a slightly different way for purging and nonpurging behaviors.Discussion:While the results of this research provide some preliminary evidence for the validity of the cognitive model as an explanation of the persistence of bulimic symptoms, further work is required to develop the model. (Int J Eat Disord 2012; 45:776–786)
Rotenone formulation fate in Lake Davis following the 2007 treatment
Authors: Vasquez Martice E. , Rinderneck Janna , Newman Julie , McMillin Stella , Finlayson Brian , Mekebri Abdou , Crane David , Tjeerdema Ronald S. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In September 2007, Lake Davis (near Portola, California) was treated by the California Department of Fish and Game with CFT Legumine, a rotenone formulation, to eradicate the invasive northern pike (Esox lucius). The objective of this report is to describe the fate of the five major formulation constituents—rotenone, rotenolone, methyl pyrrolidone (MP), diethylene glycol monethyl ether (DEGEE), and Fennedefo 99—in water, sediment, and brown bullhead catfish (Ameiurus nebulosus; a rotenone-resistant species) by determination of their half-lives (t1/2) and pseudo first-order dissipation rate constants (k). The respective t1/2 values in water for rotenone, rotenolone, MP, DEGEE, and Fennedefo 99 were 5.6, 11.1, 4.6, 7.7, and 13.5 d; in sediments they were 31.1, 31.8, 10.0, not able to calculate, and 48.5 d; and in tissues were 6.1, 12.7, 3.7, 3.2, and 10.4 d, respectively. Components possessing low water solubility values (rotenone and rotenolone) persisted longer in sediments (not detectable after 157 d) and tissues (&lt;212 d) compared with water, whereas the water-miscible components (MP and DEGEE) dissipated more quickly from all matrices, except for Fennedefo 99, which was the most persistent in water (83 d). None of the constituents was found to bioaccumulate in tissues as a result of treatment. In essence, the physicochemical properties of the chemical constituents effectively dictated their fate in the lake following treatment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1032–1041. © 2012 SETAC
PCB concentrations in shrimp from major import markets and the United States
Authors: Fillos Dimitri , Scott Laura L. F. , De Sylor Marianna Anderle , Grespin Matthew , Luksemburg William J. , Finley Brent 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Currently, environmental studies describing levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in imported shrimp are limited, particularly studies of aquaculture shrimp. In the present study, we measured concentrations of the 209 PCB congeners in 84 uncooked, warm-water shrimp samples from the United States and 14 other countries in three continents. Total PCB and dioxin-like PCB (DL-PCB) levels were not significantly different between wild-caught and farm-raised shrimp, and the distribution of total PCB levels did not vary considerably by country of origin although significant differences were observed in some cases. Regional trends in both total PCB and DL-PCB concentrations were observed, with the highest concentrations measured in shrimp from North America followed by Asia and then South America. The lower chlorinated homologues (i.e., mono-, di-, and tri-PCBs) generally comprised a greater fraction of the total levels measured in farm-raised shrimp and shrimp from Asia and South America whereas higher chlorinated homologues (i.e., hepta-, octa-, nona-, and deca-PCBs) contributed more to levels in wild-caught shrimp and shrimp from North America. Estimated daily intake of PCBs associated with shrimp consumption ranged from 2 pg/kg/d (shrimp from South America) to 15 pg/kg/d (shrimp from North America). Results from the present study were comparable to other studies conducted recently and demonstrate that exposure to PCBs from consumption of farm-raised and wild-caught shrimp imported from different regions are not likely to pose any health risks. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1063–1071. © 2012 SETAC
The evaluator's role in valuing: Who and with whom
Authors: Alkin Marvin C. , Vo Anne T. , Christie Christina A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe act of valuing in an evaluation may be perceived in different ways. We consider the multiple theoretic perspectives that govern an evaluator's behavior and present a typology of evaluator valuing roles. Within this typology we describe three ways in which value judgments are typically reached—by stakeholders alone, stakeholders and evaluators in consort with each other, or by evaluators only. This heuristic offers a more explicit understanding of how valuing occurs in evaluation. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
The role of context in valuing federal programs
Authors: Shipman Stephanie 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe author uses her experience at the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), one of Congress's primary sources of evaluative information on federal programs, to provide some insight into issues involved in deciding how to evaluate a federal program or policy. She asserts that although policy makers may look to evaluations for advice on which programs work and which do not in order to make evidence‐based budget decisions, most federal program evaluations simply identify program strengths and weaknesses and do not provide overall assessments or funding recommendations. How valuing is done in federally sponsored evaluations, therefore, depends on a range of contextual factors discussed in the chapter. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Valuation and the American Evaluation Association: Helping 100 flowers bloom, or at least be understood?
Authors: Morris Michael 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe author explores the challenges encountered when organizations attempt to facilitate evaluation and improvement through policy statements of professional associations. The American Evaluation Association (AEA) is used as an example. Various AEA statements are described as general and avoiding particular value preferences. The author concludes there is more that professional associations can do if valuation engagement is desirable, and offers modest recommendations that would facilitate that engagement. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Contextual pragmatics of valuing
Authors: Quinn Patton Michael 
Published: March 2012

AbstractValuing is context dependent. That is the cross‐cutting theme of the chapters in this issue of New Directions for Evaluation. This chapter highlights how each author emphasizes contextual sensitivity and adaptability in the valuing process and concludes with a personal interpretation of each author's evaluator context to add value to the wisdom and guidance offered by each. ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Phenazepam abuse in the UK: an emerging problem causing serious adverse health problems, including death
Authors: Corkery John Martin , Schifano Fabrizio , Ghodse Abdol Hamid 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivePhenazepam (fenazepam; 7‐bromo‐5‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐one; PNZ, ‘Bonsai’) is a benzodiazepine developed in the former Soviet Union during the 1970s to treat neurological disorders, epilepsy, and alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Its recreational use appears to have increased over recent years. Because of the lack of accessible data on this substance, it is important that information is made available to health professionals.MethodsA literature search was conducted in relevant databases (Medline, Toxbase, PsychInfo, etc.), grey literature (using Google Scholar) and Internet sites to identify key data on phenazepam, including epidemiology such as availability, price, supply sources, confiscations, and health‐related problems.ResultsInformation from these sources indicates the potential for serious adverse health consequences for this drug when taken recreationally and that its use is spreading in the USA and Europe. Although first use was reported in the UK in October 2009, major concerns in the UK arose in summer 2010 when individuals across Britain were admitted to hospital following overdose. Nine UK fatalities were reported in which phenazepam was detected in post mortem toxicology but not implicated in death. The first UK death directly involving phenazepam was notified in July and the second in November 2011.ConclusionsThis paper summarises the key information about phenazepam abuse and health problems of which health professionals, especially those in Emergency Departments, should be aware and presents new information in respect of fatalities caused by the drug. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrological impact of roadside ditches in an agricultural watershed in Central New York: implications for non‐point source pollutant transport
Authors: Buchanan B. P. , Falbo K. , Schneider R. L. , Easton Z. M. , Walter M. T. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNonpoint source pollution and hydromodification are the leading causes of impairment to our nation's rivers and streams. Roadside ditch networks, ubiquitous in both rural and urban landscapes, intercept and shunt substantial quantities of overland runoff and shallow groundwater to stream systems. By altering natural flowpaths, road ditches contribute not only to hydromodification but also potentially to nonpoint‐source (NPS) pollution by acting as hydrological links between agricultural fields and natural streams. Unfortunately, the impacts of these alterations on watershed hydrology and water quality are not well understood. Through a series of field measurements, including field surveys and discharge monitoring, this study examined the effect of road ditch networks on basin morphometry, field‐ and watershed‐scale hydrology, and pollutant transport in a 38 km2agricultural watershed in south‐central NY. Salient findings include the following: (i) 94% of road ditches discharged to natural streams, effectively doubling the drainage density; (ii) on average, road ditches increased peak and total event flows in their receiving streams by 78% and 57%, respectively, but displayed significant variation across ditches; and (iii) ditches intercepted large quantities of surface and subsurface runoff from agricultural fields and therefore represent efficient conduits for the transport of agricultural NPS pollutants to sensitive receiving waterbodies. Our results provide useful information for hydrologists who wish to further understand how artificial drainage may be affecting watershed hydrology and for managers and engineers tasked with designing appropriate flood and NPS pollution control measures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceptions of the painful body: The relationship between body perception disturbance, pain and tactile discrimination in complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Lewis J.S. , Schweinhardt P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundDisturbances in body perception are increasingly acknowledged as a feature of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Conventional treatments have limited success particularly among those with long‐standing disease. Understanding the relationship between body perception disturbance, pain and tactile acuity might provide insight into alternative avenues for treatment. The aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that (1) body perception disturbance is positively related to pain and (2) decreased tactile acuity is related to increased body perception disturbance.MethodsA controlled observational design was used to measure these features among those withCRPSof one arm. The extent of body perception disturbance was assessed using the BathCRPSbody perception disturbance scale and pain was measured using the neuropathic pain symptom inventory. Two‐point discrimination threshold testing was performed as a measure of tactile acuity.ResultsFindings confirmed both hypotheses. Body perception disturbance was found to positively correlate with pain such that those in greater pain had more extensive body perception disturbance (r = 0.57,p < 0.01). Furthermore, a positive correlation was revealed between body perception disturbance and two‐point discrimination thresholds (r = 0.5,p < 0.025) so those with greater body perception disturbance had worse tactile acuity. Interestingly, those with longer disease duration had significantly greater body perception disturbance (r = 0.66,p < 0.001).ConclusionAberrant central processing is suggested as the neural correlate of body perception disturbance and tactile impairment. The exact relationship between body perception disturbance, pain and tactile acuity and how they may be modulated for pain relief requires further exploration.
Sensory and sympathetic correlates of heat pain sensitization and habituation in men and women
Authors: Breimhorst M. , Hondrich M. , Rebhorn C. , May A. , Birklein F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundHabituation and sensitization are important behavioural responses to repeated exposure to painful stimuli, but little is known about the factors determining sensory, affective and sympathetic habituation to repeated pain stimulation in men and women.MethodsThirty volunteers (15 women) underwent a standardized heat pain paradigm spread over 8 consecutive days. At the beginning of the experiment, personality dimensions, coping strategies and pain catastrophizing thoughts were determined. Receiving a series of 10 blocks of six painful heat stimuli a day, participants rated pain intensity and unpleasantness. Skin conductance was recorded throughout the sessions.Results and ConclusionThe results show similar habituation of both the sensory and affective dimensions of pain in men and women, although skin conductance did not undergo a significant decrease across the eight days. When focusing on single daily sessions, women showed pain sensitization but sympathetic habituation, while men showed pain sensitization but stable sympathetic activation. Our findings therefore indicate that the process of long‐term habituation to painful heat stimuli is a common feature in both genders, whereas men and women might differently recruit their sympathetic nervous system for short‐term pain processing. This study could potentially help to better evaluate gender‐specific mechanisms in pain perception.
Hair testing for cocaine and metabolites by GC/MS: criteria to quantitatively assess cocaine use
Authors: López‐Guarnido O. , Álvarez I. , Gil F. , Rodrigo L. , Cataño H. C. , Bermejo A. M. , Tabernero M. J. , Pla A. , Hernández A. F. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTA simple, rapid and sensitive method has been developed and validated for the determination of cocaine and its main metabolites (benzoylecgonine and cocaethylene) in human hair. The method involved solid‐phase extraction with an Oasis HLB extraction cartridge and subsequent analysis by GC/MS. The limit of detection was 0.01 ng mg−1 for cocaine, 0.04 for benzoylecgonine and 0.03 for cocaethylene. The method validation included linearity (with a correlation coefficient >0.99 over the range 0.2–50 ng mg−1), intra‐ and inter‐day precision (always lower than 12%) and accuracy (mean relative error always below 17%) to meet the bioanalytical acceptance criteria. The procedure was further applied to 40 hair samples from self‐reported cocaine users arrested by the police who provided a positive urine‐analysis for cocaine, and was demonstrated to be suitable for its application in forensic toxicology. New approaches were raised to detect false‐negative results that allow a better interpretation of hair testing results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High serum adiponectin predicts incident fractures in elderly men: Osteoporotic fractures in men (MrOS) Sweden
Authors: Johansson Helena , Odén Anders , Lerner Ulf H , Jutberger Hans , Lorentzon Mattias , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Karlsson Magnus K , Ljunggren Östen , Smith Ulf , McCloskey Eugene , Kanis John A , Ohlsson Claes , Mellström Dan 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Adipocytes and osteoblasts share a common progenitor, and there is, therefore, potential for both autocrine and endocrine effects of adiponectin on skeletal metabolism. The aim of the present study was to determine whether high serum adiponectin was associated with an increased risk of fracture in elderly men. We studied the relationship between serum adiponectin and the risk of fracture in 999 elderly men drawn from the general population and recruited to the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study in Gothenburg, Sweden. Baseline data included general health questionnaires, lifestyle questionnaires, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), serum adiponectin, osteocalcin, and leptin. Men were followed for up to 7.4 years (average, 5.2 years). Poisson regression was used to investigate the relationship between serum adiponectin, other risk variables and the time-to-event hazard function of fracture. Median levels of serum adiponectin at baseline were 10.4 µg/mL (interquartile range, 7.7–14.3). During follow-up, 150 men sustained one or more fractures. The risk of fracture increased in parallel with increasing serum adiponectin (hazard ratio [HR]/SD, 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–1.72) and persisted after multivariate-adjusted analysis (HR/SD, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.09–1.55). Serum adiponectin shows graded stepwise association with a significant excess risk of fracture in elderly men that was independent of several other risk factors for fracture. Its measurement holds promise as a risk factor for fracture in men. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.