bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrokinetic Restoration of Sulfate‐Accumulated Saline Greenhouse Soil
Authors: Cho Jung‐Min , Kim Do‐Hyung , Yang Jung‐Seok , Baek Kitae 
Published: October 2011

AbstractElectrokinetic (EK) process was performed to restore sulfate‐originated saline soil and to evaluate the effect of treatment duration. Sulfate and potassium were the major ionic salts in the saline soil used in this study. A constant voltage gradient of 1 V/cm was applied for 8, 12, and 16 days. After EK treatment, anions and cations were transported toward anode and cathode, respectively, by electromigration. Chloride was completely removed, and 85.6% of nitrate was removed after 8 days of treatment. The increase of treatment period from 8 to 12 days had a negligible effect on the enhancement in the rate of sulfate removal; however, over 70% was removed after16 days. At the end of experiment, the electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil, an indicator of soil salinity, decreased to 1.93 dS/m from an initial value of 5.3 dS/m, and the distribution of sulfate was similar to that of EC. The operation time of 16 days was sufficient to restore the sulfate‐originated saline soil using the EK process.
The position and size of individual focal adhesions are determined by intracellular stress‐dependent positive regulation
Authors: Deguchi Shinji , Matsui Tsubasa S. , Iio Kazushi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIt remains unclear how the subcellular positions and sizes of individual focal adhesions (FAs) are determined in stationary cells. The elucidation of spatial regulation mechanisms is important for accurate understanding of the cellular response to mechanical stress. Through a theoretical analysis on previously reported cell behavior, the present study demonstrates a close correlation between the appearances of mechanosensitive elements and intracellular stress reflecting traction stress that the cell exerts on the substrate. The magnitude and distribution of stress were predicted in this analysis by mimicking intrinsic actomyosin contraction independent of extracellular stimuli. Positions of FAs and actin stress fibers corresponded to the local maximum and minimum stress points, respectively, and thus were determined by the global configuration of cell adhesions. Furthermore, their subcellular sizes were in agreement with the predicted stress magnitudes that were dependent on the local mechanical environment. These results suggest that a positive regulation (i.e., force and cell adhesion enhance each other) functions in the organization of individual FAs in nonmigrating cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The podosome marker protein Tks5 regulates macrophage invasive behavior
Authors: Burger Karen L. , Davis Amanda L. , Isom Scott , Mishra Nilamadhab , Seals Darren F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTks5 is a Src substrate and adaptor protein previously recognized for its regulation of cancer cell invasion through modulation of specialized adhesion structures called podosomes/invadopodia. Here we show for the first time that Tks5 localizes to the podosomes of primary macrophages, and that Tks5 protein levels increase concurrently with podosome deposition during the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages. Similar results are reported for model THP‐1 cells, which differentiate into macrophages and form proteolytically active podosomes in response to a PKC signaling agonist (PMA) and with sensitivity to a PKC inhibitor (bisindolylmaleimide). Genetic manipulation of Tks5 expression (silencing and overexpression) in stable THP‐1 cell lines does not independently alter this macrophage differentiation process. Nor do these cells lose the ability to focalize F‐actin and its accessory proteins into podosome‐like structures following PMA treatment. However, Tks5 directly controls podosome‐associated gelatin degradation and invasion through collective changes in adhesion, chemotaxis, and the expression/proteolytic activity of MMP9. The Src family kinase‐dependent phosphorylation of Tks5 is also implicated in the regulation of THP‐1 macrophage invasive behavior. These results therefore define a previously unappreciated function of Tks5 signaling specific to the functional attributes of the macrophage podosome in adhesion, motility, and extracellular matrix‐remodeling. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The significance of a marginal excision after preoperative radiation therapy for soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity
Authors: Dagan Roi , Indelicato Daniel J. , McGee Lisa , Morris Christopher G. , Kirwan Jessica M. , Knapik Jacquelyn , Reith John , Scarborough Mark T. , Gibbs C. Parker , Marcus Robert B. , Zlotecki Robert A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Marginal excision of soft tissue sarcoma (STS), defined as resection through the tumor pseudocapsule or surrounding reactive tissue, increases the likelihood of local recurrence and necessitates re‐excision or postoperative radiation. However, its impact after preoperative radiation therapy (RT) remains unclear. This study therefore investigated the significance of marginal margins in patients treated with preoperative RT for extremity STS, reporting long‐term local control and limb preservation endpoints.METHODS:The records of 317 adults at the University of Florida with nonmetastatic extremity STS treated from 1980 to 2008 with preoperative RT as part of a limb conservation strategy were reviewed. The median follow‐up was 4.7 years (8.3 years for living patients). The median tumor size was 10 cm (range, 2‐36 cm), and 86% were high grade. The median RT dose was 50.4 Gy (range, 12.5‐57.6 Gy). Margins were classified as wide/radical (n = 105), marginal (n = 179), contaminated (n = 15), positive (n = 17), or unknown (n = 1). Endpoints were local control (LC), amputation‐free survival (AFS), cause‐specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS).RESULTS:Five‐year CSS and OS rates were 62% and 59%, respectively. Five‐year LC and AFS was 93% and 89%, respectively. AFS by margin status was 64%, 83%, 97%, and 92% for positive, contaminated, marginal, and wide/radical margins, respectively (P<.005). Marginal excision following preoperative RT resulted in equivalent LC and AFS compared with wide/radical margins.CONCLUSIONS:Marginal resection after preoperative RT does not compromise LC or AFS in extremity STS. This finding may be related to radiosterilization of tumor cells within the reactive zone following preoperative RT. Cancer 2012;118: 3199–207. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Aquaporin 1 is an independent prognostic factor in pleural malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Kao Steven Chuan‐Hao , Armstrong Nicola , Condon Bridget , Griggs Kim , McCaughan Brian , Maltby Sarah , Wilson Alan , Henderson Douglas W. , Klebe Sonja 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive cancer of serosal membranes, mostly pleura. It is related to asbestos exposure and its incidence in most industrialized countries is projected to remain stable or to increase until 2020. Prognosis remains poor. Clinical prognostic scoring systems lack precision. No prognostic tissue markers are available. Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is a cell membrane channel involved in water transport, cell motility, and proliferation. A blocker and an agonist are available.METHODS:Two independent cohorts of MM were studied. Cohort 1 consisted of 80 consecutive patients who underwent radical surgery (extrapleural pneumonectomy [EPP]). Cohort 2 included 56 conservatively managed patients from another institution. Clinical information was obtained from files. Diagnoses were histologically verified. Immunohistochemical labeling for AQP1 was performed on tumor tissue and the percentage of positive cells was scored.RESULTS:We demonstrated expression of AQP1 in normal and neoplastic mesothelium at the apical aspect of the cell, in keeping with a role in water transport. For both cohorts, expression of AQP1 by ≥50% of tumor cells was associated with significantly enhanced survival (9.4 months vs 30.4 months in EPP patients and 5 months vs 15 months in conservatively treated patients). This was independent of established prognostic factors, including histologic subtype, pathologic stage, sex, and age at time of diagnosis.CONCLUSION:Expression of AQP1 correlated significantly with prognosis in MM, irrespective of treatment or established prognostic factors. Immunohistochemical labeling for AQP1 should be included in the routine histopathologic workup. An agonist or blocker may become useful for treatment. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Prognosis and risk factors for early‐stage adenoid cystic carcinoma of the major salivary glands
Authors: Bhayani Mihir K. , Yener Murat , El‐Naggar Adel , Garden Adam , Hanna Ehab Y. , Weber Randal S. , Kupferman Michael E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is characterized by slow growth, frequent local recurrences, and distant metastasis (DM). However, these findings frequently are reported in patients with advanced‐stage tumors, but the outcomes of early‐stage tumors are poorly defined. We sought to evaluate the risk factors for the development of DM in early‐stage ACC.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 60 patients who were diagnosed with clinical early‐stage (T1‐2/N0) ACC to determine the risk factors for development of DM and survival of these patients.RESULTS:DM was detected in 12 (20%) of the patients, with a median latency of 31.5 months after diagnosis. Univariate analysis revealed that DM was associated with age ≥45 years, pathologically positive lymph nodes, extracapsular spread (ECS) from lymph nodes, high‐grade histology, and solid tumor subtype. Multivariate analysis revealed solid tumor subtype and ECS to be significantly associated with DM. Disease‐specific survival rates at 5 and 10 years for patients with DM were 80% and 40%, respectively, and were both 100% for patients without DM.CONCLUSION:Although the majority of patients with clinical early‐stage ACC of the major salivary glands have favorable prognosis, a significant percentage of patients will develop DM. Solid tumor subtype and nodal ECS were independent predictors of DM in early‐stage ACC of major salivary glands. Other clinical and pathological variables may also contribute. These subgroups had poor overall and disease‐specific survival. Such patients should be observed closely for the development of DM. Systemic therapy should be considered at the time of diagnosis. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Pretherapeutic uracil and dihydrouracil levels of colorectal cancer patients are associated with sex and toxic side effects during adjuvant 5‐fluorouracil–based chemotherapy
Authors: Wettergren Yvonne , Carlsson Göran , Odin Elisabeth , Gustavsson Bengt 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:In Nordic countries, the standard treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the adjuvant setting is bolus 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) plus leucovorin alone or in combination with oxaliplatin. 5‐FU competes with the natural occurring pyrimidine uracil (Ura) as a substrate for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; enzyme commission number 1.3.1.2). Low DPD activity is associated with toxicity during treatment. Pretherapeutic detection of DPD deficiency could prevent severe toxicity otherwise limiting drug administration. Assays showing that DPD deficiency impairs breakdown of Ura to dihydrouracil (UH2) seem promising for clinical use.METHODS:Urine was collected from 56 untreated volunteers and 143 patients with CRC before adjuvant treatment. Ura and UH2 were analyzed using a column‐switching high‐performance liquid chromatography method that incorporates reversed‐phase and cation‐exchange columns. Ura, UH2, and UH2/Ura levels were related to toxicity.RESULTS:Ura and UH2 in patients were not different from controls. UH2 was significantly higher in women compared with men. The UH2/Ura ratio, however, did not differ according to sex. Low UH2 and UH2/Ura levels were associated with diarrhea in men. Women experiencing thrombocytopenia had significantly higher Ura compared with women with no thrombocytopenia. The UH2/Ura ratio correlated negatively with total toxicity score in men (r = −0.39, P = .020).CONCLUSION:Pretherapeutic Ura and UH2 levels per se may be related to risk of side effects during adjuvant 5‐FU–based treatment, whereas the UH2/Ura ratio may not always reveal such a risk. Sex is a strong risk factor for toxicity, showing the importance of evaluating male and female patients separately. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Polymorphic markers associated with severe oxaliplatin‐induced, chronic peripheral neuropathy in colon cancer patients
Authors: Won Hong‐Hee , Lee Jeeyun , Park Joon Oh , Park Young Suk , Lim Ho Yeong , Kang Won Ki , Kim Jong‐Won , Lee Soo‐Youn , Park Se Hoon 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:To identify potential genetic markers for severe oxaliplatin‐induced chronic peripheral neuropathy (OXCPN), the authors performed a genome‐wide association analysis of patients with colon cancer who received oxaliplatin‐based chemotherapy.METHODS:This was a prospective study in which DNA was purified in peripheral blood from patients with colon cancer who received oxaliplatin. The primary endpoint was the development of severe (grade 2 lasting for >7 days or grade 3) OXCPN. For the discovery set, genotyping was done for 96 patients who received adjuvant fluorouracil and oxaliplatin using the a genome‐wide human single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. An association between polymorphisms and severe OXCPN was investigated. At the same time, 247 patients who received oxaliplatin‐based, first‐line chemotherapy for advanced disease were enrolled as a validation set.RESULTS:Among the 32 genotyped candidate SNPs selected from the discovery set, 9 SNPs in 8 genes (tachykinin, precursor 1[TAC1]; forkhead box C1 [FOXC1]; integrin, alpha 1 [ITGA1]; acylphosphatase 2, muscle type [ACYP2]; deleted in lymphocytic leukemia, 7 [DLEU7]; B‐cell translocation gene 4 [BTG4]; calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II inhibitor 1 [CAMK2N1]; and phenylalanyl‐tRNA synthase 2 [FARS2]) had nominal replication (P < .05). The most significant association was observed at reference SNP number (rs)10486003 in TAC1 (P = 4.84 × 10−7) in combined data from 2 sets. Five SNPs (rs10486003, rs2338, rs830884, rs843748, and rs797519) were significant in a multiple regression analysis (P < .05). Overall prediction accuracy calculated by the regression model was 72.8% (95% confidence interval, 65.8%‐79.9%) in the model development and 75.9% (95% confidence interval, 66.9%‐84.9%) in the model evaluation.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that a genome‐wide pharmacogenomic approach is useful for identifying novel polymorphism predictors of severe OXCPN that may be used in personalized chemotherapy. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Final results of a phase 2A study for the treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors with a fixed activity of 90Y‐DOTA‐D‐Phe1‐Tyr3 octreotide
Authors: Savelli Giordano , Bertagna Francesco , Franco Fabio , Dognini Ludovica , Bosio Giovanni , Migliorati Elena , Rodella Carlo , Biasiotto Giorgio , Bettinsoli Giovanni , Minari Chiara , Zaniboni Alberto , Ferrari Chiara , Tomassetti Paola , Ferrari Vittorio , Giubbini Raffaele 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of 90Y‐DOTA‐D‐Phe1‐Tyr3 octreotide (90Y‐DOTATOC) therapy with a fixed activity of 2.56 GigaBequerels bimonthly in patients with advanced stage, well differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas.METHODS:In total, 38 patients were enrolled in this phase 2A protocol. All patients had gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in sharp clinical and radiologic progression despite previous surgery, chemotherapy, and biotherapy. Their survival rate after therapy with 90Y‐DOTATOC was compared with a chronologic control group of patients who had received biotherapy and chemotherapy and with results from a previous similar study. The progression‐free survival rate after peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 90Y‐DOTATOC was determined for all patients until they had documented disease progression according to Response Criteria in Solid Tumors, tumor‐related death, or censoring.RESULTS:Seventeen patients (43.6%) had a partial response, 10 patients (25.6%) had stable disease, and 11 patients (28.2%) had progressive disease. A statistically significant difference was observed (P < .001) between the response to 90Y‐DOTATOC treatment and the response to biotherapy with somatostatin analogs and chemotherapy and also between the current results and the results from a previous similar study (P < .05). At the time of the current evaluation with ongoing follow‐up for 30 patients, the median progression‐free survival was 22.3 months.CONCLUSIONS:The results from this phase 2 study indicated that the treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors with fixed 90Y‐DOTATOC activity is useful and safe. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Impact of race on survival in patients with clinically nonmetastatic prostate cancer who deferred primary treatment
Authors: Koscuiszka Michael , Hatcher David , Christos Paul J. , Rose Amy E. , Greenwald Holly S. , Chiu Ya‐lin , Taneja Samir S. , Mazumdar Madhu , Lee Peng , Osman Iman 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Prostate cancer (PCa) racial disparity studies typically focus on survival differences after curative treatment. The authors of this report hypothesized that comparing mortality rates between African American (AA) and Caucasian American (CA) patients who deferred primary treatment for clinically nonmetastatic PCa may provide a better assessment of the impact of race on the natural course of PCa.METHODS:The pathology database of the New York Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC), an equal access‐of‐care facility, was searched for patients with biopsy‐proven PCa. Inclusion criteria included 1) no evidence of metastatic disease or death within 3 years after diagnosis, 2) no primary treatment, and 3) a minimum of 5 years of follow‐up for survivors.RESULTS:In total, 518 patients met inclusion criteria between 1990 and 2005. AA patients were younger (P = .02) and had higher median prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels (P = .001) at the time of diagnosis compared with CA patients. In a multivariate model, higher Gleason score and PSA level were associated with increased mortality (P = .001 and P = .03, respectively), but race was not a predictor of death from PCa.CONCLUSIONS:The current data suggested that race did not have a major impact on survival in patients with PCa who deferred primary treatment for clinically nonmetastatic disease. Cancer 2012;118: 3145–52. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
3′‐deoxy‐3′‐[18F]fluorothymidine positron emission tomography for response assessment in soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Benz Matthias R. , Czernin Johannes , Allen‐Auerbach Martin S. , Dry Sarah M. , Sutthiruangwong Piriya , Spick Claudio , Radu Caius , Weber Wolfgang A. , Tap William D. , Eilber Fritz C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:This study sought to determine whether [18F]fluorothymidine (FLT) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging allows assessment of tumor viability and proliferation in patients with soft tissue sarcomas who are treated with neoadjuvant therapy.METHODS:Twenty patients with biopsy‐proven, resectable, high‐grade soft tissue sarcoma underwent [18F]FLT PET/CT imaging before and after neoadjuvant therapy. Histologic subtypes included sarcomas not otherwise specified (n = 5), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (n = 3), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (n = 3), leiomyosarcomas (n = 3), angiosarcomas (n = 2), and others (n = 4). Changes in [18F]FLT peak standardized uptake value (SUVpeak) were correlated with percent necrosis in excised tissue, whereas posttreatment [18F]FLT tumor uptake was correlated with thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) expression and Ki‐67 staining indices in excised tumor tissue.RESULTS:Tumor FLT SUVpeak averaged 7.1 ± 3.7 g/mL (range, 1.9‐16.1 g/mL) at baseline and decreased significantly to 2.7 ± 1.6 g/mL (range, 0.8‐6.0 g/mL) at follow‐up (P < .001); however, marked reductions in SUV were not specific for histopathological response. The posttreatment SUVpeak did not correlate with TK1 (P = .27) or Ki‐67 expression (P = .21).CONCLUSIONS:Marked reductions in [18F]FLT tumor uptake in response to neoadjuvant treatment were observed in most patients with sarcoma. However, these reductions were not specific for histopathologic response to neoadjuvant therapy. Furthermore, posttreatment [18F]FLT tumor uptake was unrelated to tumor proliferation by Ki‐67 and TK1 staining. These results question the value of [18F]FLT PET imaging for treatment response assessments in patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer 2012;118: 3135–44. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Differential projections from the lateral habenula to the rostromedial tegmental nucleus and ventral tegmental area in the rat
Authors: Gonçalves Luciano , Sego Chemutai , Metzger Martin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe mesopontine rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) is a mostly γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic structure believed to be a node for signaling aversive events to dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The RMTg receives glutamatergic inputs from the lateral habenula (LHb) and sends substantial GABAergic projections to the VTA, which also receives direct projections from the LHb. To further specify the topography of LHb projections to the RMTg and VTA, small focal injections of the anterograde tracerPhaseolus vulgarisleucoagglutinin were aimed at different subdivisions of the LHb. The subnuclear origin of LHb inputs to the VTA and RMTg was then confirmed by injections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit b into the VTA or RMTg. Furthermore, we compared the topographic position of retrogradely labeled neurons in the RMTg resulting from VTA injections with that of anterogradely labeled axons emerging from the LHb. As revealed by anterograde and retrograde tracing, LHb projections were organized in a strikingly topographic manner, with inputs to the RMTg mostly arising from the lateral division of the LHb (LHbL), whereas inputs to the VTA mainly emerged from the medial division of the LHb (LHbM). In the RMTg, profusely branched LHb axons were found in close register with VTA projecting neurons and were frequently apposed to the latter. Overall, our findings demonstrate that LHb inputs to the RMTg and VTA arise from different divisions of the LHb and provide direct evidence for a disynaptic pathway that links the LHbL to the VTA via the RMTg. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1278–1300, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.