bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of vH+‐ATPase in synaptic vesicle swelling
Authors: Shin Leah , Basi Nirukti , Jeremic Aleksandar , Lee Jin‐Sook , Cho Won Jin , Chen ZhiHui , Abu‐Hamdah Rania , Oupicky David , Jena Bhanu P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSecretory vesicle swelling is central to cell secretion, but the underlying mechanism of vesicle swelling, particularly synaptic vesicles, is not completely understood. The Gαi3‐PLA2‐mediated involvement of water channel AQP‐1 in the regulation of secretory vesicle swelling in exocrine pancreas and the Gαo‐mediated AQP‐6 involvement in synaptic vesicle swelling in neurons have previously been reported. Furthermore, the role of vH+‐ATPase in neurotransmitter transport into synaptic vesicles has also been shown. Using nanometer‐scale precision measurements of isolated synaptic vesicles, the present study reports for the first time the involvement of vH+‐ATPase in GTP‐Gαo‐mediated synaptic vesicle swelling. Results from this study demonstrate that the GTP‐Gαo‐mediated vesicle swelling is vH+‐ATPase dependent and pH sensitive. Zeta potential measurements of isolated synaptic vesicles further demonstrate a bafilomycin‐sensitive vesicle acidification, following the GTP‐Gαo‐induced swelling stimulus. Water channels are bidirectional and the vH+‐ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin decreases both the volume of isolated synaptic vesicles and GTP‐mastoparan stimulated swelling, suggesting that vH+‐ATPase is upstream of AQP‐6, in the pathway leading from Gαo‐stimulated swelling of synaptic vesicles. Vesicle acidification is therefore a prerequisite for AQP‐6‐mediated gating of water into synaptic vesicles. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of neural activity depletes orexin from rat hypothalamic slice culture
Authors: Michinaga Shotaro , Hisatsune Akinori , Isohama Yoichiro , Katsuki Hiroshi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOrexins (hypocretins) are neuropeptides produced by a small population of hypothalamic neurons whose dysregulation may lead to narcolepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by disorganization of sleep and wakefulness. Excessive stimulation of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors causes preferential loss of orexin neurons in the hypothalamus, whereas an adequate level of neuronal excitatory activities is generally known to be important for the maintenance of central neurons. By examining the effect of manipulation of neural activity, we found that 24–72 hr application of tetrodotoxin (TTX) caused a substantial decrease in the number of orexin‐immunoreactive neurons, but not of melanin‐concentrating hormone‐immunoreactive neurons, in hypothalamic slice culture. Similar results were obtained when neural activity was arrested by added extracellular Mg2+. Reduction of orexin expression by TTX and Mg2+ was also observed at mRNA level. The decrease of orexin‐immunoreactive neurons was attributable to depletion of orexin, because it was reversible after washout of TTX or elevated extracellular Mg2+ and was not associated with induction of cell death. Blockers of voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels as well as of NMDA receptors also induced a significant and selective decrease of orexin‐immunoreactive neurons. Moreover, TTX‐induced decrease of orexin immunoreactivity was largely abrogated by concurrent application of a moderate concentration of NMDA. These results suggest that Ca2+ entry associated with nontoxic levels of spontaneous activity of glutamatergic inputs plays an important role in the maintenance of orexin neurons in a tissue culture model. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel highly hydrophilic zwitterionic monolithic column for hydrophilic interaction chromatography
Authors: Jiang Zhengjin , Smith Norman W. , Ferguson Paul D. , Taylor Mark R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA novel zwitterionic hydrophilic porous poly(SPV‐co‐MBA) monolithic column was prepared by thermal co‐polymerisation of 1‐(3‐sulphopropyl)‐4‐vinylpyridinium‐betaine (4‐SPV) and N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). An HILIC/RP dual separation mechanism was observed on this optimised poly(SPV‐co‐MBA) monolithic column and the composition of the mobile phase corresponding to the transition from the HILIC to the RP mode was around 30% ACN in water. Higher hydrophilicity was achieved on this novel monolithic column compared to the poly(N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐methacryloxyethyl‐N‐(3‐sulphopropyl)ammonium betaine‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic column. Permeability studies showed slight swelling and/or shrinking with mobile phases of different polarity. As might be anticipated, a weak electrostatic interaction for charged analytes was also observed by studying the influence of mobile phase pH and salt concentration on their retention on the poly(SPV‐co‐MBA) monolithic column. The final optimised poly(SPV‐co‐MBA) monolith showed comparable selectivities to commercial ZIC‐pHILIC phases for polar test analytes. Fast separation of five pyrimidines and purines was achieved in less than 1 min due to the high permeability of the monolithic column. Additionally, baseline separation of nine benzoic acid derivatives was also observed using either a pH or ACN gradient.
HPLC method for simultaneous determination of retinoids and tocopherols in human serum for monitoring of anticancer therapy
Authors: Krčmová Lenka , Urbánek Lubor , Solichová Dagmar , Kašparová Markéta , Vlčková Hana , Melichar Bohuslav , Sobotka Luboš , Solich Petr 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA simple and rapid HPLC method requiring small volumes (250 μL) of human serum after C18 SPE sample preparation was developed using monolithic technology for simultaneous determination of all‐trans‐retinoic acid, 13‐cis‐retinoic acid, retinol, gamma‐ and alpha‐tocopherol. The monolithic column, Chromolith Performance RP‐18e (100×4.6 mm), was operated at ambient temperature. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile (ACN) and 1% ammonium acetate in water (AMC) at pH 7.0. The mobile phase started at 98:2 (v/v) ACN/AMC (column pre‐treatment) at a flow rate of 2 mL/min, then changed to 95:5 (v/v) ACN/AMC for 4 min at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and a further 3 min at a flow rate of 3.2 mL/min. Detection and identification were performed using a photodiode array detector. Retinol, 13‐cis‐ and all‐trans‐retinoic acid were monitored at 325 nm. Both alpha‐ and gamma‐tocopherol were detected at 295 nm. The total analysis time was 7.2 min. Tocol (synthesized tocopherol, not occurring in humans) was used as internal standard. The method was linear in the range of 0.125–10.00 μmol/L for all‐trans‐retinoic acid, 0.125–5.00 μmol/L for 13‐cis‐retinoic acid, 0.25–10.00 μmol/L for retinol, 0.5–50.00 μmol/L for gamma‐tocopherol, and 0.5–50.00 μmol/L for alpha‐tocopherol. The present method may be useful for monitoring of retinoids and tocopherols in clinical studies.
Does trauma survey research cause more distress than other types of survey research?
Authors: Ferrier‐Auerbach Amanda G. , Erbes Christopher R. , Polusny Melissa A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMembers of institutional review boards who evaluate trauma research protocols frequently face the task of balancing potential risk with potential benefit. However, no known study has examined the relative effect of participating in a trauma‐related survey compared to participating in a nontrauma survey. The authors randomly assigned participants receiving care in an outpatient PTSD treatment program to complete questionnaires assessing either trauma‐related or nontrauma content. Participants completing trauma‐related questionnaires reported feeling sadder and more tense than other participants, though they did not report differences in perceived gain from participation or retrospective willingness to participate. Results suggest that level of distress after participating in trauma research was insufficient to reduce willingness for, or perceived benefit from, participation in trauma survey research.
Binding of Methylene Blue to Polyelectrolytes Containing Sulfonate Groups
Authors: Moreno‐Villoslada Ignacio , Torres Cristian , González Felipe , Shibue Toshimichi , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe interaction between methylene blue (MB) and poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS), poly(sodium vinylsulfonate) (PVS), and the more hydrophobic poly[sodium 2‐(N‐acrylamido)‐2‐methyl‐propanesulfonate] (PAMPS), is investigated. The main driving forces for the interaction with PSS are supposed to be short‐range aromatic/aromatic interactions, which explain the smaller dissociation constant, the resistance to the cleaving effect of NaCl, and the prevention of MB self‐aggregation around the macromolecules under a moderate excess of the polymer. On the contrary, as a consequence of long‐range interactions, a higher local concentration of MB around PAMPS and, more significantly, around PVS results in MB self‐aggregation that can be quenched in the presence of NaCl.magnified image
Superhydrophobic Alumina Surfaces Based on Polymer‐Stabilized Oxide Layers
Authors: Höhne Susanne , Blank Christa , Mensch Axel , Thieme Michael , Frenzel Ralf , Worch Hartmut , Müller Martin , Simon Frank 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAluminum sheets were furnished with a water‐repellent composite layer consisting of microroughened alumina, chitosan (CHS), and poly[octadecene‐alt‐(maleic anhydride)] (POMA). CHS was electrochemically deposited or spin‐coated. In a subsequent reaction step, POMA was covalently bonded onto the immobilized CHS layer. The produced composite layers showed superhydrophobic properties, which are indicated by the water contact angles >150° and negligible hysteresis. Cross‐linking reactions of the CHS layer were able to enhance the layer stability. The superhydrophobic surface properties were also maintained after abrasion of the protruding polymer‐coated alumina peaks. This is due to a CHS/POMA reservoir incorporated in the microroughened alumina surface region.magnified image
pH Tailoring Electrical and Mechanical Behavior of Polymer–Clay–Nanotube Aerogels
Authors: Gawryla Matthew D. , Liu Lei , Grunlan Jaime C. , Schiraldi David A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAerogels are low density (<0.1 g · cm−3), highly porous materials that are especially interesting for insulating applications. Combinations of clay and water‐soluble polymers are commonly used to produce aerogels, but these materials are often mechanically weak. Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) were combined with clay and found to significantly improve mechanical behavior and impart electrical conductivity to these aerogels. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as the matrix polymer provides a means of tailoring the electrical conductivity and mechanical behavior by altering the pH of the aqueous aerogel precursor suspensions prior to freeze drying. An aerogel, made from a pH 9 aqueous suspension containing 0.5 wt.‐% PAA, 5 wt.‐% clay, and 0.05 wt.‐% SWNT, has a compressive modulus of 373 kPa. In the absence of nanotubes, this modulus is reduced to 43 kPa. Reducing suspension pH to 3, prior to freeze drying, also reduces modulus for these aerogels, but electrical conductivity is increased when nanotubes are present. It was found that bundled nanotubes provide better reinforcement for these low‐density composites, which may provide some new insight into the use of nanotubes in materials that will be exposed to compressive loading.magnified image
Synthesis of Dendritic Oligo‐Spiro(fluorene‐9,9′‐xanthene) Derivatives with Carbazole and Fluorene Pendants and their Thermal, Optical, and Electroluminescent Properties
Authors: Chu Zengze , Wang Dan , Zhang Chao , Fan Xing , Tang Yanwei , Chen Lin , Zou Dechun 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTwo novel spiro‐configured ter(arylene‐ethynylene) derivatives, TSF‐Cz and TSF‐F, have been designed and synthesized using spiro(fluorene‐9,9′‐xanthene) (SFX) as building blocks, introducing a hole‐transporting carbazole and a fluorene chromophore as the peripheral functional group into the backbone through an oxygen atom. The two well‐defined oligomers possess good solubility, film‐forming quality, and high Tg's at 140 and 126 °C, respectively. In addition, these oligomers exhibit blue photoluminescence (PL) emission both in solution and solid states. The double‐layered devices fabricated using the two materials as the emitter show a sky‐blue emission with a brightness and a current efficiency of 7 613 cd · m−2 and 1.11 cd · A−1 for TSF‐Cz, and 1 507 cd · m−2 and 0.36 cd · A−1 for TSF‐F, respectively.magnified image
Macromolecular Recognition of Cyclodextrin: Inversion of Selectivity of β‐Cyclodextrin toward Adamantyl Groups Induced by Macromolecular Chains
Authors: Taura Daisuke , Taniguchi Yosuke , Hashidzume Akihito , Harada Akira 
Published: July 2009

AbstractInteraction of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) with alternating copolymers (pAdMA and pAdPhMA) of sodium maleate with adamantyl (Ad) and with adamantylphenyl (AdPh) vinyl ether has been investigated by several NMR techniques. Comparing the apparent association constants (K) for the polymers with the K for the model compounds, which are determined by the analysis of 1H NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry data, respectively, the selectivities of β‐CD toward Ad and AdPh moieties are contrasting for the model and polymer systems. This phenomenon is described by circular dichroism and 2D NMR as follows; the most stable inclusion complex for the β‐CD/AdPh model system is extremely destabilized for the corresponding polymer system because of competition with hydrophobic interaction between neighboring AdPh moieties.magnified image
Polymer Fluoride Sensors Synthesized by RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Zhao Ping , Jiang Jianbing , Leng Bing , Tian He 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA series of polymer chemosensors containing naphthalimide signal moiety and imide recognition moiety for the selective detection of fluoride ions (F−) were synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The polymer chemosensors display obvious absorption and fluorescence variations upon the addition of F−, which can be observed by both naked eyes and optical responses. The polymers showed higher fluorescence enhancement than its monomer, and the polymers with higher molecular weight have higher sensitivity than those with lower molecular weight. Other halide anions are found to hardly induce any variation of either the absorption or fluorescence spectra.magnified image
Patient and organizational factors related to education and support use by Veterans with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pogoda Terri K. , Cramer Irene E. , Meterko Mark , Lin Hai , Hendricks Ann , Holloway Robert G. , Charns Martin P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPatient education and support services are recognized in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) as important to the patient‐centered treatment of Parkinson's disease. Indeed, educating patients is one of the missions of the VA's six specialty Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Centers (PADRECCs). We compared VA education/support services utilization by whether or not a patient's VA Medical Center (VAMC) contained a PADRECC. Our sample included Parkinson's disease patients from VAMCs with (n = 882) and without (n = 1,448) PADRECCs. Patients completed surveys that asked about demographic/individual characteristics, health status/function, and education/support utilization. Results showed that 15.8% (n = 354) of all patients utilized education/support services. Patients at PADRECC VAMCs were generally healthier and more educated than other VAMC patients. After statistically controlling for these differences, however, being a patient at a PADRECC VAMC site and using only VA providers (as compared to a combination of VA and non‐VA providers) were significant predictors of education/support utilization. Further, proportionally more PADRECC VAMC site patients reported higher satisfaction and receiving a broad range of information from different modalities as compared to other VAMC patients. These findings suggest that PADRECC VAMCs are providing educational/support activities consistent with these specialty centers' goals. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
One‐stage reconstruction of the complex midfoot defect with a multiple osteotomized free fibular osteocutaneous flap: Case report and literature review
Authors: Lykoudis Efstathios G. , Dimitrios Pafilas , Alexandros Beris E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractComplex midfoot defects represent a reconstructive challenge since midfoot plays a key role in standing and gait. We report the case of a 27‐year‐old patient with a complex midfoot defect due to a high‐energy gun shot injury. The defect included the tarsometatarsal complex, all three arches of the foot, and the overlying dorsal skin of the foot. Reconstruction was achieved in a single stage with a free fibular osteocutaneous flap. The fibula was osteotomized into three segments, which were used to reconstruct the bone defects, while the skin paddle of the flap was used for stable soft tissue coverage of the reconstructed bony skeleton. Early and late postoperative periods were uneventful. Bone incorporation was radiographically evident at 12 weeks, and full weight bearing was possible at 6 months postop. Final follow up, at 2 years postop, showed a very good functional and esthetic outcome. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
A note on vortex solutions of Landau–Lifshitz equation
Authors: Pu Xueke , Guo Boling 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this short note, by using the ideas of shooting method, we show that there exists no finite energy vortex solution to the Landau–Lifshitz equation without anisotropy for prescribed boundary values. Based on comparisons between the present result and the previous ones, we see that the isotropic terms play an important role in Landau–Lifshitz equation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of 31P NMR spectroscopy and chemical derivatization for metabolite profiling of lipophilic compounds in human serum
Authors: DeSilva M. Aruni , Shanaiah Narasimhamurthy , Nagana Gowda G. A. , Rosa‐Pérez Kellymar , Hanson Bryan A. , Raftery Daniel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNew methods for obtaining metabolic fingerprints of biological samples with improved resolution and sensitivity are highly sought for early disease detection, studies of human health and pathophysiology, and for better understanding systems biology. Considering the complexity of biological samples, interest in biochemical class selection through the use of chemoselective probes for improved resolution and quantitation is increasing. Considering the role of lipids in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, in this study fingerprinting of lipid metabolites was achieved by 31P labeling using the derivatizing agent 2‐chloro‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyldioxaphospholane. Lipids containing hydroxyl, aldehyde and carboxyl groups were selectively tagged with 31P and then detected with good resolution using 31P NMR by exploiting the 100% natural abundance and wide chemical shift range of 31P. After standardizing the reaction conditions using representative compounds, the derivatization approach was used to profile lipids in human serum. The results show that the 31P derivatization approach is simple, reproducible and highly quantitative, and has the potential to profile a number of important lipids in complex biological samples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification, isolation, and RT‐PCR analysis of single stage‐specific spermatogenetic cells obtained from portions of seminiferous tubules classified by transillumination microscopy
Authors: Vasco Chiara , Zuccotti Maurizio , Redi Carlo Alberto , Garagna Silvia 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe protocol here described allows the analysis of gene expression in single specific mouse spermatogenetic cells. Germ cells were singularly isolated by microdissection of portions of seminiferous tubules classified, based on their transillumination pattern, into four distinct zones along their length. Single portions of a seminiferous tubule, corresponding to specific zones, were mechanically disaggregated into single cells that were (1) identified as spermatogonia, spermatocytes, round or elongated spermatids, (2) isolated using a micromanipulator, and (3) singularly transferred into a test tube for retro‐transcription PCR analysis. On each single isolated cell, we have determined the quantitative profile of expression of Gapdh, an endogenous housekeeping gene known to be expressed throughout spermatogenesis. The protocol described allows an accurate analysis of the temporal and quantitative profile of gene expression throughout the whole male gamete differentiation process which so far has mainly been performed on enriched population of cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 1173–1177, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reflections on E. E. Just, Black Apollo of Science, and the experiences of African American scientists
Authors: Manning Kenneth R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe text below is a transcript of the keynote address Kenneth Manning gave at the symposium honoring E. E. Just that was held on the campus of Howard University on November 21, 2008. In his talk, Manning reflects on his experiences researching and writing Black Apollo of Science: The Life of Ernest Everett Just, his prize‐winning biography published in 1983. In the process, he retells the fascinating story of the life of E. E. Just. Manning also discusses a number of other topics, including Just's legacy, the role of African Americans in science, and the importance of having minority representation on college campuses.(Transcribed by: W. Malcolm Byrnes, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC.) Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 897–902, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrophysiological diagnosis and patterns of response to treatment of botulism with neuromuscular respiratory failure
Authors: Kongsaengdao Subsai , Samintarapanya Kanoksri , Rusmeechan Siwarit , Sithinamsuwan Pasiri , Tanprawate Surat 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this study we describe the electrophysiological findings in botulism patients with neuromuscular respiratory failure from major botulism outbreaks in Thailand. High‐rate repetitive nerve stimulation testing (RNST) of the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle of 17 botulism patients with neuromuscular respiratory failure showed mostly incremental responses, especially in response to >20‐HZ stimulation. In the most severe stage of neuromuscular respiratory failure, RNST failed to elicit a compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of the ADM muscle. In the moderately severe stage, the initial CMAPs were of very low amplitude, and a 3‐HZ RNST elicited incremental or decremental responses. A 10‐HZ RNST elicited mainly decremental responses. In the early recovery stage, the initial CMAP amplitudes of the ADM muscle improved, with initially low amplitudes and an incremental response to 3‐ and 10‐HZ RNSTs. Improved electrophysiological patterns of the ADM muscle correlated with improved respiratory muscle function. Incremental responses to 20‐HZ RNST were most useful for diagnosis. The initial electrodiagnostic sign of recovery following treatment of neuromuscular respiratory failure was an increased CMAP amplitude and an incremental response to 10–20‐HZ RNST. Muscle Nerve 40: 271–278, 2009