bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personalized lung care: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia risk prediction tool tailored for neonates born in resource‐limited settings
Authors: de Medeiros Cavalcante Meneghetti Flávia Maria , Aragon Davi Casale , Calixto Cristina , Ferreira Cristina Helena Faleiros , Vieira Elaine Fukumoto , Gonçalves‐Ferri Walusa Assad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposePredicting bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) to assess the risk‐benefit of therapy is necessary considering the side effects of medications. We developed and validated an instrument for predicting BPD and compared it with an instrument currently used for neonates born in a Brazilian hospital.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients born between 2016 and 2020 with a gestational age (GA) between 23 and 30 weeks. Predictive equations were elaborated using methods of component variable selection collected on the 14th day of life; 70% of the sample was randomly selected for the construction of risk prediction equations and the remaining 30% for their validation, application, and comparison with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) instrument. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the equations were calculated.ResultsThe equation that used variables with p < 5% in Fisher's exact test presented the best results: specificity of 98% and positive predictive value of 93% and could be used for BPD prediction of all small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infants. The NICHD calculator applied to our population had a specificity of 93% and a positive predictive value of 75% and could not be applied to extremely SGA infants.ConclusionOur tool can predict the risk of BPD on the 14th day of life, has higher specificity and positive predictive value to our population than the NICHD instrument, and can be suitable for SGA infants. The results must be confirmed by applying it to other populations to validate our tool.
Population pharmacokinetics of adebrelimab – Support of alternative flat dose regimen in extensive‐stage small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhang Yanyan , Wang Yike , Ma Ke , Shi Wei , Djebli Nassim , Shen Kai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdebrelimab, a novel anti‐PD‐L1 antibody, has been approved by the National Medical Products Administration of China as an intravenous infusion for use in combination with carboplatin and etoposide as first‐line treatment for extensive‐stage small‐cell lung cancer in 2023. A two‐compartment model with empirical time‐varying CL for adebrelimab was established based on data from 263 patients receiving body weight‐based doses from two clinical studies. Significant covariate effects of baseline body weight, albumin levels, tumor size, neutrophil counts, and presence of anti‐drug antibodies were identified on CL of debrelimab, none of which were clinically significant or warranted dose adjustment. The degree of decrease in CL was higher in patients who responded to treatment with adebrelimab than in non‐responders. Adebrelimab exposures (AUC, Ctrough, or Cmax) were not identified as a statistically significant factor related to efficacy or safety endpoint in the exposure–response analysis. Distribution of simulated exposure metrics from the flat dose regimen (1200 mg q3w) was similar to the marketed weight‐based dosing regimen (20 mg/kg q3w), supporting the alternative flat dose regimen in the clinic.
Sequential Markov chain Monte Carlo for Lagrangian data assimilation with applications to unknown data locations
Authors: Ruzayqat Hamza , Beskos Alexandros , Crisan Dan , Jasra Ajay , Kantas Nikolas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe consider a class of high‐dimensional spatial filtering problems, where the spatial locations of observations are unknown and driven by the partially observed hidden signal. This problem is exceptionally challenging, as not only is it high‐dimensional, but the model for the signal yields longer‐range time dependences through the observation locations. Motivated by this model, we revisit a lesser‐known and provably convergent computational methodology from Berzuini et al. (1997, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 92, 1403–1412); Centanniand Minozzo (2006, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 101, 1582–1597); Martin et al. (2013, Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 65, 413–437) that uses sequential Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) chains. We extend this methodology for data filtering problems with unknown observation locations. We benchmark our algorithms on linear Gaussian state‐space models against competing ensemble methods and demonstrate a significant improvement in both execution speed and accuracy. Finally, we implement a realistic case study on a high‐dimensional rotating shallow‐water model (of about – dimensions) with real and synthetic data. The data are provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and contain observations from ocean drifters in a domain of the Atlantic Ocean restricted to the longitude and latitude intervals , , respectively.
Timescales of tree‐covered island dynamics on the mixed bedrock‐alluvial anabranching Vaal River, South Africa
Authors: Tooth S. , Keen‐Zebert A. , Grenfell M. C. , Addison G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrevious research on mixed bedrock‐alluvial anabranching rivers has documented how alluvial islands commonly grow under vegetation influences atop slowly eroding bedrock templates, but timescales of island dynamics remain poorly constrained. We focus on the Vaal River near Parys, South Africa, and combine field investigations, aerial image analyses and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to establish timescales of initiation, growth and erosion for nine bedrock‐cored, tree‐covered, alluvial islands. For each island, two OSL samples were collected in vertical succession from sand‐rich exposures up to 4 m in thickness to establish minimum ages for island initiation (~1802 to 243 years) and to estimate local vertical aggradation rates (~0.20 to 1.8 cm year−1). The diachronous lower ages and lack of systematic upstream‐downstream trend in island age support an interpretation of patchwork initiation, growth, and erosion of islands throughout the late Holocene. Following island initiation, vertical island aggradation occurs in association with establishment of reeds, shrubs and trees, but erosion of island margins or dissection by cross‐cutting channels also can occur. Observations during and after recent large floods (peak discharges >3000 m3 s−1) provide further insights into island dynamics, including the influence of exotic trees (e.g., Eucalyptus spp.) that have colonised many islands in the postcolonial era (last ~150 years). Our findings extend previous conceptual models by constraining timescales of island dynamics and providing new insights into island stability and longevity in mixed bedrock‐alluvial anabranching rivers. Improved communication of findings regarding island geomorphology, ecology and stability can benefit local community engagement, geo/eco‐tourism and education activities, and land use planning.
A changing river: Long‐term changes of sinuosity and land cover in the Navasota River Watershed, Texas
Authors: Rhodes Edward C. , Talchabhadel Rocky , Jordan Taylor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Navasota River Basin, itself a tributary of the Brazos River in Texas, is a dynamic watershed undergoing many natural and anthropogenic changes. Local stakeholder involvement in this watershed is quite high, and many landowners in the southern portion of the watershed have concerns regarding the increasing frequency and duration of flooding on private property adjacent to the river, often attributing these impacts to the construction of the Lake Limestone dam. In this study, we examine historical flow data, channel morphology, land use/land cover, and precipitation. Our findings indicate that while there appears to be increasing flow in the northern portion of the watershed, temporal data gaps near the watershed outfall prevent the indication of such a trend in the southern portion of the watershed. Nevertheless, other natural and anthropogenic factors are evident in the watershed that may have a significant influence on downstream flooding. Overall river sinuosity (meandering) declined over the study period, with some river segments encountering significant straightening. Total river length declined by 4.3 km from 1972 to 2020. The number and length of offtake channels also decreased substantially during this period. Land use/land cover use shifted dramatically, with a 39.2% increase in impervious cover and a 12.5% decrease in herbaceous cover since 1972. Finally, yearly precipitation increased, with the change point occurring in 1972. Our findings suggest that the shortening and straightening of the river has reduced its volumetric capacity over time. Coupled with increasing impervious surface cover and precipitation, more water is being delivered downstream at a rate exceeding the watershed's ability to discharge it, thereby contributing to flooding issues expressed by stakeholders. We recommend that bathymetric data and supplemental flow monitoring and modeling within the watershed is needed to fully understand how anthropogenic and natural forces may further affect streamflow in the future.
Does biochar combined with cover crops improve health and productivity of sandy, sloping, and semi‐arid soils?
Authors: Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Creech Cody F. , Easterly Amanda C. , Drijber Rhae A. , Jeske Elizabeth S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiochar may improve the health of environmentally sensitive soils (i.e., low C, sandy, sloping) especially if combined with cover crops (CCs), but research is scant. We assessed how wood biochar (836 g C kg−1) applied at 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 Mg ha−1 to sandy, sloping, and semi‐arid soils with and without CCs affects soils and crop yields in the central US Great Plains for 3 years. We measured crop yields and CC biomass each year, and most soil properties in Years 1 and 3. Biochar did not interact with CCs, suggesting the combination was no better than biochar or CC alone. In the semi‐arid soil, crop and CC did not establish due to persistent droughts. Biochar benefits were highly site‐specific. Biochar improved some soil properties but only in the sandy and sloping soils and at the biochar application depth (0‐ to 15‐cm soil depth). The 50 Mg biochar ha−1 improved the soil's ability to sorb water (0.08 cm s−1/2). Also, in the sandy soil, it increased soil organic matter concentration (2.5 g kg−1), soil pH (0.65 units), and available water (0.07 m3 m−3) only in Year 1, suggesting a biochar benefit in sandy soils is short‐lived. In the sloping soil, >25 Mg biochar ha−1 reduced bulk density (0.16 Mg m−3) and increased soil mean weight diameter of water‐stable aggregates (0.58 mm), organic matter concentration (11.42 g kg−1), infiltration (9.35 cm), CC biomass production (0.27 Mg ha−1), and some microbial biomass groups. Biochar did not affect crop yields. Overall, >25 Mg biochar ha−1 improved properties in some soils without interacting with CCs.
Constructing Nano‐Interlayer Inhibiting Interfacial Degradation toward High‐Voltage PEO‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhai Pengfei , Qu Shuangquan , Ahmad Niaz , Hua Ze , Shao Ruiwen , Yang Wen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe interfacial instability between PEO‐based solid electrolyte (SPE) and high‐voltage cathode materials inhibits the longevity of high‐energy‐density all‐solid‐state polymer lithium metal batteries (ASSPLBs). Herein, for the first time it is demonstrated, that contact loss caused by gas generation from interfacial side reactions between the high‐voltage cathode and solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) can also arise in ASSPLBs. To alleviate the interfacial side reactions, a LiNb0.6Ti0.5O3 (LNTO) layer is well coated on LiNi0.83Co0.07Mn0.1O2 (NCM83), denoted as (CNCM83). The LNTO layer with low electronic conductivity reduces the decomposition drive force of SPE. Furthermore, Ti and Nb in the LNTO layer spontaneously migrate inside the NCM83 surface to form a strong Ti/Nb─O bond, stalling oxygen evolution in high‐voltage cathodes. The interfacial degradation phenomena, including SPE decomposition, detrimental phase transition and intragranular cracks of NCM83, and void formation between cathode and SPE, are effectively mitigated by the LNTO layer. Therefore, the growth rate of interfacial resistance (RCEI) decreases from 37.6 Ω h−0.5 for bare NCM83 to 2.4 Ω h−0.5 for CNCM83 at 4.2 V. Moreover, 4.2 V PEO‐based ASSPLBs achieve impressive cyclability with high capacity retention of 135 mAh g−1 (75%) even after 300 cycles at 0.5 C.
High Energy Storage Performance in BiFeO3‐Based Lead‐Free High‐Entropy Ferroelectrics
Authors: Wu Jie , Tan Hua , Qi He , Yu Huifen , Chen Liang , Li Wenchao , Chen Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDielectric capacitors are widely used in advanced electrical and electronic systems due to the rapid charge/discharge rates and high power density. High comprehensive energy storage properties are the ultimate ambition in the field of application achievements. Here, the high‐entropy strategy is proposed to design and fabricate single‐phase homogeneous (Bi0.5Ba0.1Sr0.1Ca0.2Na0.1)(Fe0.5Ti0.3Zr0.1Nb0.1)O3 ceramic, the hierarchical heterostructure including rhombohedral‐tetragonal multiphase nanoclusters and locally disordered oxygen octahedral tilt can lead to the increased dielectric relaxation, diffused phase transition, diverse local polarization configurations, grain refinement, ultrasmall polar nanoregions, large random field, delayed polarization saturation and improved breakdown field. Accordingly, a giant Wrec ≈13.3 J cm−3 and a high η ≈78% at 66.4 kV mm−1 can be simultaneously achieved in the lead‐free high‐entropy BiFeO3‐based ceramic, showing an obvious advantage in overall energy‐storage properties over BiFeO3‐based lead‐free ceramics. Moreover, an ultrafast discharge rate (t0.9 = 18 ns) can be achieved at room temperature, concomitant with favorable temperature stability in the range of 20–160 °C, due to the enhanced diffuse phase transition and fast polarization response. This work provides a feasible pathway to design and generate dielectric materials exhibiting high comprehensive energy‐storage performance.
Cation Modulation in AgSbTe2 Realizes Carrier Optimization, Defect Engineering, and a 7% Single‐Leg Thermoelectric Efficiency
Authors: Chen Bo‐Chia , Wang Kuang‐Kuo , Wu Hsin‐Jay 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAgSbTe2 plays a pivotal role in mid‐temperature thermoelectric generators (TEGs). Leveraging the seminal advances in cation manipulation within AgSbTe2, this study demonstrates an enhanced TE power factor (PF = S2σ) of 1.5 mWm−1 K−2 and a peak zT of 1.5 at 583 K in an off‐stoichiometric Ag1.04Sb0.96Te2 crystal. The introduction of Ge in place of Ag leads to an increased nH as evidenced by the detection of trace Ge4+ through XPS analysis. Further chemical state analysis reveals the simultaneous presence of Ag+, Sb3+, and Ge4+, elucidating the effect of cation modulations. TEM characterizations validate the presence of superlattice structure, and the linear defects discerned within the AgSbTe2 matrix. Consequently, the lattice thermal conductivity κL is substantially reduced in the Ag1.02Ge0.02Sb0.96Te2 crystal, yielding a peak zT of 1.77 at 623 K. This notable advancement is attributed to the counterbalance achieved between the enhanced PF and the reduced κL, facilitated by cation modulation. Additionally, a single‐leg TE device incorporating Ag1.02Ge0.02Sb0.96Te2 demonstrates a conversion efficiency of 7% across a temperature gradient (ΔT) of 350 K. This study corroborates the efficacy of cation modulation through thermodynamic approaches and establishes a relationship between transport properties and the presence of defects.
Activating Inert Perovskite Oxides for CO2 Electroreduction via Slight Cu2+ Doping in B‐Sites
Authors: Li Yuxi , Zhang Yu , Shi Lei , Liu Xiangjian , Zhang Zhenbao , Xie Minghao , Dong Yuming , Jiang Heqing , Zhu Yongfa , Zhu Jiawei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPerovskite oxides are proven as a striking platform for developing high‐performance electrocatalysts. Nonetheless, a significant portion of them show CO2 electroreduction (CO2RR) inertness. Here a simple but effective strategy is reported to activate inert perovskite oxides (e.g., SrTiO3) for CO2RR through slight Cu2+ doping in B‐sites. For the proof‐of‐concept catalysts of SrTi1−xCuxO3 (x = 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1), Cu2+ doping (even in trace amount, e.g., x = 0.025) can not only create active, stable CuO6 octahedra, increase electrochemical active surface area, and accelerate charge transfer, but also significantly regulate the electronic structure (e.g., up‐shifted band center) to promote activation/adsorption of reaction intermediates. Benefiting from these merits, the stable SrTi1−xCuxO3 catalysts feature great improvements (at least an order of magnitude) in CO2RR activity and selectivity for high‐order products (i.e., CH4 and C2+), compared to the SrTiO3 parent. This work provides a new avenue for the conversion of inert perovskite oxides into high‐performance electrocatalysts toward CO2RR.
Development of a Screen Keyboard System with Radially‐Arranged Keys and its Effectiveness for Typing Including Eye‐Gaze Input
Authors: Ogata Kohichi , Nozute Shigeyoshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aims to develop an effective screen‐keyboard system from a new perspective of key arrangements. In the proposed screen keyboard system, keys are centralized by arranging them radially, with alphabetical keys arranged based on the articulation for speech production. A gesture input method and click input method are implemented considering the mora‐based Japanese sound system with syllables containing a consonant‐vowel (CV) structure. In a preliminary experiment, the cumulative pixel distances required to press keys for the input sequences were evaluated as a simulation to confirm the basic performance of the keyboard system. The Euclidean pixel distances between the keys on the keyboard images were accumulated and compared between the proposed keyboard system and a typical QWERTY keyboard. Typing experiments involving participants were performed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed keyboard system. The experimental results reveal that the proposed screen keyboard system enables users to generate efficient typing performances using a computer mouse and eye gaze via short‐term training. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Oesophageal haematoma in a Cairn terrier presenting for impaired swallowing, retching and cervical pain
Authors: Johnson Carley , Lapsley Janis , Piegols Hunter , Rudinsky Adam , Selmic Laura E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 13‐year‐old spayed female Cairn terrier was referred for surgical resection of a large oesophageal mass. The dog was initially presented to the primary care veterinarian for several days of gagging. The mass was initially diagnosed on thoracic radiographs and confirmed via computed tomography and oesophagoscopy. Endoscopic biopsies were performed that were consistent with oesophagitis. The dog was then referred to The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center for surgical resection of the mass. On surgical approach, a small nodule was palpable in the oesophagus; however, a large mass was not found. Oesophagoscopy was repeated intraoperatively, which revealed a small nodule in the same region of the previously described mass. The small nodule was removed, and histopathology was consistent with lymphohistiocytic inflammation and previous haemorrhage, consistent with an oesophageal haematoma. The dog made a full recovery post‐operatively, with continued resolution of clinical signs reported 5 months after surgery.
A systematic review of multidimensional relevance estimation in information retrieval
Authors: Peikos Georgios , Pasi Gabriella 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn information retrieval, relevance is perceived as a multidimensional and dynamic concept influenced by user, task, and domain factors. Relying on this perspective, researchers have introduced multidimensional relevance models addressing diverse search tasks across numerous knowledge domains. Through our systematic review of 72 studies, we categorize research based on domain specificity and the distinct relevance aspects employed for estimating multidimensional relevance. Moreover, we highlight the approaches used to aggregate scores related to these factors and rank information items. Our insights underline the importance of concise definitions and unified methods for estimating relevance factors within and across domains. Finally, we identify benchmark collections for evaluations based on multiple relevance aspects while underscoring the necessity for new ones. Our findings suggest that large language models hold considerable promise for shaping future research in this field, mainly due to their relevance labeling abilities.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Science and Technology
Technologies > Computational Intelligence
A review of recent advances in the use of complex metal nanostructures for biomedical applications from diagnosis to treatment
Authors: Hajfathalian Maryam , Mossburg Katherine J. , Radaic Allan , Woo Katherine E. , Jonnalagadda Pallavi , Kapila Yvonne , Bollyky Paul L. , Cormode David P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractComplex metal nanostructures represent an exceptional category of materials characterized by distinct morphologies and physicochemical properties. Nanostructures with shape anisotropies, such as nanorods, nanostars, nanocages, and nanoprisms, are particularly appealing due to their tunable surface plasmon resonances, controllable surface chemistries, and effective targeting capabilities. These complex nanostructures can absorb light in the near‐infrared, enabling noteworthy applications in nanomedicine, molecular imaging, and biology. The engineering of targeting abilities through surface modifications involving ligands, antibodies, peptides, and other agents potentiates their effects. Recent years have witnessed the development of innovative structures with diverse compositions, expanding their applications in biomedicine. These applications encompass targeted imaging, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, near‐infrared II imaging, catalytic therapy, photothermal therapy, and cancer treatment. This review seeks to provide the nanomedicine community with a thorough and informative overview of the evolving landscape of complex metal nanoparticle research, with a specific emphasis on their roles in imaging, cancer therapy, infectious diseases, and biofilm treatment.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Why tools are as important as results and what to do about it
Authors: Bammer Gabriele 
Published: May 2024

Highlights

Addressing complex problems requires concepts, methods, processes and other tools that are still evolving and not yet firmly embedded in research practice.
A new discipline—Integration and Implementation Sciences (i2S)—provides a framework to connect existing fields of scholarship, as well as the efforts of individual research teams, to support better application of these tools.
World Water Policy Journal could provide an outlet for publishing the detailed concepts, methods and other tools that its researchers develop and use.
Integration and Implementation Insights (i2Insights) blog and repository could further disseminate those tools.
This would have benefits for building researcher expertise and advancing the effectiveness of tackling water policy and practice challenges.