bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight into Sonodynamic Activities of Gold Nanoparticles with Different Morphologies
Authors: Wang Danni , Li Jinghe , Wang Mengyuan , Jin Bo , Wang Xin , Zheng Ying , Liu Bin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe sonodynamic activities of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with different morphologies, gold nanospheres (GNSs), gold nanoflowers (GNFs) and gold nanorods (GNRs), were explored by multi‐spectroscopic methods, in which the lesion degree of human serum albumin (HSA) was used as assessment index. The results revealed that three GNPs all had certain sonosensitivity but varying from different morphologies. It was also found that GNPs concentration and ultrasonic parameters were all critical influencing factors of sonodynamic injury HSA. Investigating the physical damage mechanism, the results indicated that the secondary and tertiary structure of HSA were compromised by ultrasound (US) combined with GNPs, so that the conformation of HSA was altered and the function was variously disturbed due to GNPs different morphologies. Studying the chemical damage mechanism, the results discovered that the yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) produced by GNPs with various morphologies combined with US was significant difference. Therefore, comprehensively analyzing the research results under different factors, the order of sonodynamic activities of GNPs was GNSs≈GNFs>GNRs. These findings may provide reference for the application of GNPs as sonosensitizers in sonodynamic therapy.
Disposable Waste Aluminium Pan Derived Pseudoboehmite Nanoparticles for Concurrent Removal of Fluoride and Arsenate from Aqueous Medium
Authors: Prasad Panda Amulya , Aastha Ritika , Mishra Subhashree , Chandra Pattanaik Pratap , Jha Usha , Swain S. K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe co‐occurrence of fluoride and arsenate in groundwater is a growing global concern owing to their synergistic adverse effect on human health. Thus, development of materials capable of capturing fluoride and arsenate simultaneously from aqueous medium is of much need. Moreover, it is a matter of great research importance to develop sustainable adsorbents by recycling solid wastes. Keeping this in mind, herein a novel pseudoboehmite nanoparticles (PBN) were synthesized by chemical valorization of disposable waste aluminium pan for simultaneous removal of fluoride and arsenate in aqueous medium. The physicochemical properties of the material were confirmed using analytical techniques such as XRD, BET, FT‐IR, FESEM etc. Batch study confirms the maximum monolayer adsorption of 90.10 mg g−1 and 94.84 mg g−1 of fluoride and arsenate respectively, which shows comparable affinity of the material for both contaminants. The selectivity of the adsorbent towards fluoride and arsenate was further evaluated by set of kinetic experiments in both single‐ion and mixture‐ion environment. The synthesis of pseudoboehmite nanomaterial using disposal waste Al pan and its high efficacy for removal of fluoride and arsenic even in presence of competing anionic environments provide a new direction of waste management for sustainable remediation of groundwater contaminants.
Effect of Metal Coordination Environment on the Stability of Zinc Complexes and Their Reactivity with NaSH
Authors: Lamberti Marina , Galotto Maria Vittoria , Vasca Ermanno , Landi Alessandro , Peluso Andrea , Strianese Maria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMetal complexes with multidentate ligands are frequently used as model compounds to shed light on the (bio)‐inorganic chemistry of H2S. Zinc complexes bearing salen‐type ONNO ligands with different bridging groups are particularly relevant in this respect. Here, we describe the use of zinc complexes with the sulfur‐analogues of the ONNO ligands with the S‐donors replacing either the neutral nitrogen donors or the anionic oxygen atoms of the classical salen ligands. In addition, we studied a hexadentate cyclic ligand, with four neutral sulfur atoms and two anionic oxygens. Having two coordinative pockets this ligand is able to form a bimetallic zinc complex. We report how the different coordinative environments of the explored ligands influence the stability of the zinc complexes and their abilities to form the related hydrosulfide species.
Synergistic Effect of P and Co Dual Doping Endows CuNi with High–Performance Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wu Quanshuo , Wang Junli , Wang Xuanbing , Wei Jinlong , Wang Jing , Zhang Can , Xu Ruidong , Yang Linjing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe rational design of highly active and durable non‐noble electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is significantly important but technically challenging. Herein, a phosphor and cobalt dual doped copper–nickel alloy (P, Co–CuNi) electrocatalyst with high–efficient HER performance is prepared by one‐step electrodeposition method and reported for the first time. As a result, P, Co–CuNi only requires an ultralow overpotential of 56 mV to drive the current density of 10 mA cm−2, with remarkable stability for over 360 h, surpassing most previously reported transition metal‐based materials. It is discovered that the P doping can simultaneously increase the electrical conductivity and enhance the corrosion resistance, while the introduction of Co can precisely modulate the sub‐nanosheets morphology to expose more accessible active sites. Moreover, XPS, UPS, and DFT calculations reveal that the synergistic effect of different dopants can achieve the most optimal electronic structure around Cu and Ni, causing a down‐shifted d‐band center, which reduces the hydrogen desorption free energy of the rate‐determining step (H2O + e− + H* → H2 + OH−) and consequently enhances the intrinsic activity. This work provides a new cognition toward the development of excellent activity and stability HER electrocatalysts and spurs future study for other NiCu‐based alloy materials.
A review of the impact of environmental pollutions on reproductive health and risk mitigation strategies
Authors: Afridah Wiwik , Nisa Fauziyatun , Martiana Tri 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe reproductive health system holds paramount importance for human well‐being. Reproductive health is notably susceptible to oxidative stress, triggered by the generation of reactive oxygen species from pollutants such as Cd is often found in cigarette smoke ultimately resulting in diminished fertility among couples. This review aims to comprehensively discuss the repercussions and hazards posed by pollutants to reproductive health, elucidating how pollution can instigate reproductive disorders and proposing mitigation strategies. The first set of questions aimed to avert pregnancy abnormalities and curtail morbidity and mortality rates and underscores the need for antioxidants as a pivotal risk mitigation strategy. Fostering public awareness of a healthy lifestyle is imperative. These sustainable solutions and the involvement of expert organizations at local, national, and global scales, employing a multidisciplinary approach, are indispensable for effective problem‐solving in this domain. Findings from the review highlight a correlation between pregnancy complications, encompassing spontaneous abortions, premature deliveries, and low birth weight (LBW), attributable to pollutants, thereby escalating morbidity and mortality rates.
Outbreak of large skin wounds and necrotising soft tissue infection in Iberian pigs affected by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis
Authors: García‐Jiménez Waldo Luis , Martínez Carlos , Frontera Eva , Portero Miguel , Fernández‐Llario Pedro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStreptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis is an emerging pathogen in animals and humans. Herein, we describe an outbreak of S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis infection in Iberian pigs with large skin ulcerations and necrotising soft tissue. Postmortem examination was performed on two animals that had larger chronic lesions and secondary myiasis. Swabs from the edges of wounds from animals with more acute injuries were collected. The β‐haemolytic colonies obtained from the skin wounds and lymph nodes were identified as S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis. The isolate had low minimum inhibitory concentrations for β‐lactams. Stress due to the change of groups and the consequent increase in fights for the establishment of a new hierarchical order could be the reason why pigs that carry the bacteria in their gingival mucosa transmit them to other individuals through bites. This stressful situation could cause a certain immunosuppression, potentially favouring the exacerbation of S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis and the development of the lesions observed.
Ammonothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Ternary Amide Na2Ba(NH2)4
Authors: Engelsberger Florian Maximilian , Witthaut Kristian , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe ternary amide Na2Ba(NH2)4 was synthesized at ammonothermal conditions (870 K, 135 MPa) in custom‐built high‐pressure autoclaves. The compound was structurally characterized using X‐ray diffraction and crystallizes in space group Pccn (no. 56) with lattice parameters a=10.6492(2), b=7.8064(2) and c=8.1046(2) Å. To the best of our knowledge, the structure type has not yet been observed in any ternary amide before and can be described as a defective variant of the NaCl structure type. The presence of amide ions in the compound is verified by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the experimental spectrum is compared to the theoretical spectrum obtained through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Na2Ba(NH2)4 complements the range of reported ternary alkali metal alkaline‐earth metal amides with the smallest Shannon radius ratio of rA/AE=0.76. The influence of this ratio on the formation of the new structure type is discussed as well. The characterization of intermediate species such as this ternary amide extends the understanding of the ammonothermal synthesis and can be useful for synthetic control in the formation of nitrides at ammonothermal conditions.
Theorising Interspaces: Creative and Critical Intersections
Authors: Angelaki Vicky 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis book, the outcome of reflections, journeys and new constellations of landscape reformulated across different geo-cultural environments, is a pursuit to account for that which may be fleeting, but which has presence, substance and influence—and, more importantly, which carries interventionist potential. The chapter sets out the critical mapping of the book, presenting the case studies’ points of contact, and threading in the book’s overarching theoretical and analytical methods. Specifically, the section discusses the rationale and approach of Chapter3, “The Room: Intimate Microcosms and World Formation”; Chapter4, “The Transient: Palindromic Nomadisms and Invisible Transports”; Chapter5, “The Limbo: Liminal Loci and Timeless Travels”; Chapter6, “The Deviant: Unruly Spaces and Errant Experiences”; and Chapter7, “The Virtual: Hybrid Environments and Deepfake Realities”.
Afterword
Authors: Angelaki Vicky 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe chapter is reflective of the fact that the book constitutes part of a narrative in formation, and, even more importantly, a world in transition: climatic, health, social, political and economical. Thus, it ends by emphasising the importance of recognising flows, possibilities and inter-, rather than fixed states. The theatre, which interconnects (to) all of the above, which affords this book its primary material, and which always motivates the effort, is also at a time of transitioning, adapting, reformulating and implementing new modes, practices and ways of surprising, engaging, surviving and inspiring. Some of these, this book has logged; others, it is very aware that it can imagine but not anticipate—and they, I hope the reader might agree, form the critical analysis and historiographies of our future(s).
Introduction
Authors: Momesso Lara , Ivanova Polina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter starts by discussing the timeliness and significance of the topic of refugee policies and experiences in Japan and Taiwan. It defines two main and interrelated objectives of this volume which are: (1) to further scientific knowledge on the relatively understudied subjects of the acceptance, protection, and integration of refugees and asylum seekers in Japan and Taiwan, and (2) to raise public awareness of their plight in the hope that this promotes positive policy changes. The book attempts to achieve these objectives by examining three aspects of refugee-related issues which correspond to the three main parts of the book: (1) legal and policy frameworks, (2) media representation and public opinion, and (3) lived experiences of refugees and asylum seekers. This chapter proceeds by examining the role of human security as an overarching conceptual framework to help to fulfil both objectives. The subsequent two sections examine the existing refugee regimes in Taiwan and Japan, respectively. This introduction closes by highlighting the contribution of each chapter to the main ideas of the volume.
Kurdish Diaspora in Japan: Navigating Kurdish Identity and Activism on Social Media
Authors: Ahmadian Sohrab 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Kurdish community in Japan offers a dynamic diaspora, where social media plays a pivotal role in expressing and negotiating Kurdish cultural and political identities. This research examines how online communication and social media activism empower Kurdish diaspora members in Japan, facilitating transnational connections, identity expression, and advocacy for Kurdish causes. By exploring the intersection of Kurdish identity, activism, and social media in the Japanese context, this study enhances our understanding of evolving diasporic experiences in the digital age. This study employs a content analysis approach, examining Facebook posts by Kurdish users in Japan and the online activities of civil organisations affiliated with the Kurdish diaspora, to understand the representation of Kurdish identity and activism on social media. The analysis of collected data reveals that Kurdish nationalism is actively expressed within social media platforms, despite limitations such as the predominance of the Turkish language for representing Kurdish nationalism and identity. This highlights the significance of social media in facilitating Kurdish political mobilisation and the resilience of the Kurdish diasporic community in Japan.
The Lived Experience of Tibetan Refugees in Taiwan: Contesting Rights to Work, Residence, and Citizenship
Authors: Pan Mei-Lin , Tsering Dolma 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe study explores the lived experiences of Tibetan refugees in Taiwan, with a focus on the rights to residence, work, and citizenship. Based on data collected from interviews, reports published by the Mongol and Tibet Affairs Commission, and other secondary sources, the study shows how the status of Tibetans in Taiwan has changed in the three different phases of political transformation in Taiwan. The study highlights how the political situation in Taiwan played a central role in determining the rights and status of Tibetan refugees in Taiwan. During Taiwan’s authoritarian phase, Tibetan refugees gained citizenship by serving the state’s purpose of advancing Chinese nationalist ideology, while in the democratic phase they were considered stateless and unable to obtain a residence visa due to national security concerns. Historical connections with Taiwan’s national identity politics have led to the particularity and complexity of Tibetans’ lived experiences in Taiwan today. The development of democracy in Taiwan has not improved the refugee rights’ protection. Even without a refugee law, Taiwan as a democratic country should seriously consider the challenges Tibetan refugees face in the light of basic human rights. Improving existing limitations, in the long run, will strengthen Taiwan’s democratic system.
“I Am Still a Refugee!” Displacement and Transnational Activism
Authors: Lin Shu-Fen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores the trajectory and experience of a refugee profoundly shaped by the interplay between human agency and shifting geopolitical configurations and refugee/migration regimes in various historical contexts. Drawing upon materials from a life history project about Father Nguyễn Văn Hùng, this chapter centres on his personal journey as one of the Vietnamese “boat people” in the late 1970s, who later became a migrant rights advocate in Taiwan for over three decades. Father Nguyễn’s life history serves as a testimony to the impact of colonialism, the entanglement of the civil war and the Cold War, and the subsequent era of globalisation on the lives of ordinary Vietnamese. Simultaneously, it demonstrates his enduring aspiration for freedom and his identity as both a Vietnamese refugee and a dedicated human rights advocate. Through a nuanced analysis of Father Nguyễn’s life history, this chapter sheds light on the politics of humanitarianism and the varied approaches adopted by different countries, such as Japan, Australia, and Taiwan, in addressing Vietnamese refugees. Moreover, it provides valuable insights into the multifaceted forms of Vietnamese community building and transnational activism that have emerged and evolved in response to the changing patterns and dynamics of migration.
Examining Refugee Protection in Non-Signatories to the Refugee Convention and Protocol: Lessons Learned for the Taiwan Context
Authors: Lin Christine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTaiwan is not a member of the United Nations (UN) and is neither a signatory to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees nor the 1967 Protocol. While Taiwan’s enactment of a refugee act remains stalled, individuals fearing return to their countries of origin continue arriving on the island and need protection. Drafts of the refugee act contemplate the Taiwanese government’s cooperation with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), whose mandate is to lead and coordinate the global protection of refugees. While the UNHCR does not have a presence in Taiwan, it has operated in other areas that are neither UN members nor signatories to the Refugee Convention or Protocol. Filling a gap in current literature, this chapter examines the UNHCR’s role in other non-UN member and non-signatory states with asylum seeking and refugee populations, to explore potential collaboration between Taiwan and the UNHCR. To identify challenges in refugee protection in Taiwan and potential involvement from the UNHCR, I interviewed advocates representing asylum seekers in Taiwan. I also compared various versions of the draft refugee act and reviewed existing secondary sources. Through a literature review and interviews, I examined the successes and challenges of local frameworks for asylum and refugee protection and the UNHCR’s role in select non-UN member and non-signatory states. This chapter concludes with policy recommendations to the Taiwanese government and the UNHCR for establishing mechanisms that can better provide protection and safety for vulnerable individuals arriving on the island.
Stochastic Quantization of Two-Dimensional $$P(\Phi )$$ Quantum Field Theory
Authors: Duch Paweł , Dybalski Wojciech , Jahandideh Azam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe give a simple and self-contained construction of the $$P(\Phi )$$

P
(
Φ
)

Euclidean quantum field theory in the plane and verify the Osterwalder–Schrader axioms: translational and rotational invariance, reflection positivity and regularity. In the intermediate steps of the construction, we study measures on spheres. In order to control the infinite volume limit, we use the parabolic stochastic quantization equation and the energy method. To prove the translational and rotational invariance of the limit measure, we take advantage of the fact that the symmetry groups of the plane and the sphere have the same dimension.
Erfolgsfaktoren und Hindernisse bei der Implementierung kompetenzorientierter Lehre in der Chirurgie
Authors: Kruppa C. , Rudzki M. , Baron D. J. , Dudda M. , Schildhauer T. A. , Herbstreit S. 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Für die kompetenzorientierte Ausrichtung der Lehre an den Fakultäten gilt es, die beeinflussenden Faktoren zu identifizieren, um Stärken zu nutzen und Schwächen auszugleichen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Erfolgsfaktoren und Hindernisse bei der Implementierung kompetenzorientierter Lehre in der Chirurgie aus dem Blickwinkel der Studierenden und Dozierenden.

Methoden
Nach Implementierung kompetenzorientierter Lehre, basierend auf den Lernzielen des NKLM, in den Kursen Unterricht am Krankenbett Chirurgie (UAK) und Blockpraktikum Chirurgie (BP) an zwei Kliniken wurden Fokusgruppeninterviews und Fragebogenerhebung mit Studierenden (S) und Dozierenden (D) mit anschließender qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse mit Quantifizierung der Aussagen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Im SoSe 2022 nahmen 31 Studierende und 14 Dozierende an Fokusgruppeninterviews teil. 143 Fragebögen (123 S, 20 D) wurden ausgewertet. Erfolgsfaktoren waren für die Studierenden das Vorhandensein konkreter Lernziele/Kompetenzen mit den Aspekten eines „Leitfadens für den Unterricht“, „Transparenz der Lernziele“ und „Einforderung möglich“ sowie „Unterrichtsablauf/-struktur“ und „Betreuung“; das Vorhandensein konkreter Lernziele/Kompetenzen mit den Aspekten „Hilfestellung zur Vorbereitung“ und „Strukturierung des Unterrichts“ sowie das Engagement der Studierenden stellten für die Dozierenden die Erfolgsfaktoren dar. Die Fragebogenerhebung ergab, dass die Mehrheit (88 % S, 75 % D) über die Lernziele informiert war und diese als verfolgt ansahen (84 % S, 95 % D). Als Hindernisse wurden die Faktoren „Zeit“, „Betreuung“ und „Information“ genannt. Faktoren, die nicht eindeutig positiv oder negativ zuzuordnen waren (indifferente Einflussfaktoren), stellten u. a. „Unklarheit, was Kompetenzorientierung ist“ und „Unsicherheit, wie diese zu überprüfen ist“ dar.

Diskussion
Die klare Strukturierung, transparente Lernziele und funktionierende Betreuung sind die Erfolgsfaktoren für die Implementierung und sollten als Stärken genutzt werden. Indifferente Faktoren sind als Hindernisse zu werten und u. a. durch Schulung zu lösen. Die immanenten Probleme des Zeit- und Personalmangels behindern auch diese Implementierung und bedürfen genereller struktureller Veränderungen.
Fractional Sobolev spaces on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Caselli Michele , Florit-Simon Enric , Serra Joaquim 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article studies the canonical Hilbert energy $$H^{s/2}(M)$$

H

s
/
2

(
M
)

on a Riemannian manifold for $$s\in (0,2)$$

s
∈
(
0
,
2
)

, with particular focus on the case of closed manifolds. Several equivalent definitions for this energy and the fractional Laplacian on a manifold are given, and they are shown to be identical up to explicit multiplicative constants. Moreover, the precise behavior of the kernel associated with the singular integral definition of the fractional Laplacian is obtained through an in-depth study of the heat kernel on a Riemannian manifold. Furthermore, a monotonicity formula for stationary points of functionals of the type $${\mathcal {E}}(v)=[v]^2_{H^{s/2}(M)}+\int _M F(v) \, dV$$

E

(
v
)

=

[
v
]

H

s
/
2

(
M
)

2

+

∫
M

F

(
v
)

d
V

, with $$F\ge 0$$

F
≥
0

, is given, which includes in particular the case of nonlocal s-minimal surfaces. Finally, we prove some estimates for the Caffarelli–Silvestre extension problem, which are of general interest. This work is motivated by Caselli et al. (Yau’s conjecture for nonlocal minimal surfaces, arxiv preprint, 2023), which defines nonlocal minimal surfaces on closed Riemannian manifolds and shows the existence of infinitely many of them for any metric on the manifold, ultimately proving the nonlocal version of a conjecture of Yau (Ann Math Stud 102:669–706, 1982). Indeed, the definitions and results in the present work serve as an essential technical toolbox for the results in Caselli et al. (Yau’s conjecture for nonlocal minimal surfaces, arxiv preprint, 2023).