bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A meshless numerical method for solving slow mixed convections in containers with discontinuous boundary data
Authors: Tsai Chia‐Cheng , Hsu Tai‐Wen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper describes the formulations of the method of fundamental solutions (MFS), which is a famous meshless numerical method representing a sought solution by a series of fundamental solutions to solve slow mixed convections in containers with discontinuous boundary data. In the derivations, the fundamental solutions were obtained by using the Hörmander operator decomposition technique. All the velocities, temperatures, pressures, stresses and thermal fluxes corresponding to the fundamental solutions were addressed explicitly in tensor forms. Although the MFS is highly accurate for smooth boundary data, its convergence becomes poor when it is applied to problems with discontinuous boundary data. To compensate for this drawback, we enriched the MFS by adding the local discontinuous solutions to the series of fundamental solutions. This enriched MFS was applied to solve the benchmark problems of a lid‐driven cavity and natural convection in rectangular containers. In addition, the numerical solutions were compared with the analytical solutions. Then, the meshless numerical method was further utilized to solve mixed convections in a triangular cavity and a cavity with a cosine‐shaped bottom. These numerical results demonstrated the applicability of the enriched MFS to two‐dimensional mixed convections in containers with discontinuous boundary data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance on Stroop‐like assessments of inhibitory control by 4‐ and 5‐year‐old children
Authors: Pasalich Dave S. , Livesey David J. , Livesey Evan J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe rapid development of an aspect of executive functioning (EF), inhibitory control (IC), between the ages of 3‐ and 5‐years, leads to an increase in a child's capacity to suppress inappropriate responding and therefore activate the necessary resources to carry‐out goal‐directed activity (Psychological Bulletin, 1997, 121, 65–94). To measure EF in children, tasks administered clinically to adults are adapted. The Day–Night Stroop (DNS) is a pictorial modification of the Stroop Test (Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1935, 18, 642–662), developed for pre‐literate children. Although suitable as a measure of IC in 3‐ to 4‐year‐old children, ceiling effects have been reported on the DNS in slightly older preschoolers. The present study attempted to overcome this limitation by examining the suitability of two modified versions of the DNS in 4‐ to 5‐year‐old preschoolers. To investigate the executive demands made by both Stroop‐like tasks, their associations with another measure of IC (stop‐signal task) and a measure of working memory were examined. Counter to expectations, no significant association was found in performance between the two Stroop‐like tasks; however, the modified DNS developed in this study showed significant relationships with the other executive tasks. The results are discussed in relation to the different methodologies used by these Stroop measures. Implications of this study suggest that researchers should consider more test‐specific factors when assessing EF in young children. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary zinc absorption: A play of Zips and ZnTs in the gut
Authors: Wang Xiaoxi , Zhou Bing 
Published: January 2010

AbstractStudies on dietary zinc absorption are of fundamental nutritional significance, owing to the ubiquity of zinc in biological processes and the severe outcomes of zinc deficiency in humans. Insights into the molecular basis of dietary zinc absorption have advanced in recent years through functional characterization of zinc transporters in cell culture, immunohistochemical studies on rodent intestine and analysis of gene knockout mice. Zinc transporters with manifested expression in enterocytes include ZnT1, ZnT2, ZnT4, ZnT5, ZnT6, ZnT7, Zip4, and Zip5. Among them, ZIP4, the gene responsible for Acrodermatitis enteropathica, an inherited human zinc deficiency, mediates dietary zinc uptake into enterocytes across the apical membrane, while ZnT1 is involved in zinc efflux from enterocytes across the basolateral membrane into circulation. The intracellular trafficking pathways for zinc retention and movement between apical and basolateral sides of the enterocytes have yet to be defined. The utilization of Drosophila model in elucidating molecular mechanisms of dietary zinc absorption is also discussed in this review. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(3): 176–182, 2010
Job and wage mobility with minimum wages and imperfect compliance
Authors: Eckstein Zvi , Ge Suqin , Petrongolo Barbara 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe propose a job search model with minimum wage regulations and imperfect compliance to explain the doubling of the mean and variance of hourly earnings of white males during the first 18 years of labor market experience. The model encompasses job mobility and on‐the‐job wage growth as sources of wage dynamics, and is estimated by simulated generalized method of moments using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youths 1979. Our estimates provide a good fit for the observed levels and trends of the main job and wage mobility data, and for the increase in the mean and variance of wages over the life cycle, as well as for the fall in the fraction of workers paid below the minimum wage. Job mobility explains 40–50% of the observed wage growth. Increases in the minimum wage and/or compliance deliver small effects on the wage distribution and the nonemployment rate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corrosion study of iron‐cobalt alloys for MRI‐based propulsion embedded in untethered microdevices operating in the vascular network
Authors: Pouponneau Pierre , Savadogo Oumarou , Napporn Teko , Yahia L'hocine , Martel Sylvain 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOur group have shown in an experiment performed in the carotid artery of a living swine that magnetic gradients generated by a clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system could propel and navigate untethered medical microdevices and micro‐nanorobots in the human vasculature. The main problem with these devices is that the metal necessary for magnetic propulsion may corrode and induce cytotoxic effects. The challenge, then, is to find an alloy with low corrosion yet providing an adequate magnetization level for propulsion in often stringent physiological conditions. Because of their high magnetization, we studied the corrosion behavior of two iron‐cobalt alloys, Permendur (49% Fe, 49% Co, 2% V) and Vacoflux 17 (81% Fe, 17% Co, 2% Cr), in physiological solution by potentiodynamic polarization assay, surface analysis, and corrosion electrolyte analysis. Both alloys exhibited low corrosion parameters such as a corrosion potential (Ecorr) of −0.57 V/SCE andEcorrof −0.42 V/SCE for Vacoflux 17. The surface of Permendur samples was homogenously degraded. Vacoflux 17 surface was impaired by cracks and crevices. Both alloys had a stoichiometric dissolution in the electrolyte, and they released enough cobalt to induce cytotoxic effects. This study concluded that Fe‐Co alloys could be used preferably in medical microdevices if they were coated so as not to come in contact with physiological solutions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Characterization of parylene C as an encapsulation material for implanted neural prostheses
Authors: Hassler Christina , von Metzen Rene P. , Ruther Patrick , Stieglitz Thomas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe applicability of parylene C as an encapsulation material for implanted neural prostheses was characterized and optimized. The adhesion of parylene C was tested on different substrate materials, which were commonly used in neural prostheses and the efficiency of different adhesion promotion methods was investigated. On Si3N4, platinum, and on a first film of parylene C, a satisfactory adhesion was achieved with Silane A‐174, which even withstood standard steam sterilization. The adhesion to gold and polyimide could not be improved sufficiently with the tested methods. Furthermore, tensile tests and measurements of the degree of crystallinity were performed on untreated, on steam sterilized, and on annealed parylene C layers to investigate the influence of thermal treatment. This led to more brittle and stiffer films due to an increase in the crystalline portion in the parylene layers. Finally, an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to test if a parylene C layer was able to protect a metallic structure against corrosion on a Si3N4substrate. The results indicated that this could be only possible by treating the substrate with Silane A‐174. To receive parylene C layers with a good encapsulation performance, it is important to consider the materials, which are used in the neural prosthesis, to find the best suited process parameters. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
In‐vivostudies on intraperitoneally administrated poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Jiang Yanjiao , Schädlich Andreas , Amado Elkin , Weis Christine , Odermatt Erich , Mäder Karsten , Kressler Jörg 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe fate of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, 195,000 g/mol) was studied in rabbits and nude mice after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration.In‐vivofluorescence imaging using nude mice allowed for studies of tetramethylrhodamine labeled PVA distribution in the body and tracking the urinary excretion. The excreted PVA was studied in detail after collecting the urine of rabbits over a time period of 28 days. The PVA was separated from the urine by dialysis and analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy,1H‐NMR spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Even after extensive dialysis, it was found that the excreted PVA showed a characteristic brownish color. The spectroscopic techniques revealed that this color was caused by the urine pigment (a metabolite of bilirubin) that could not be separated completely from the PVA. SEC showed unambiguously that the PVA with the very high molar mass had a glomerular permeability in the kidneys. Simultaneously, histological studies of the kidneys and the liver demonstrated that the tissues did not show any obvious damage. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Enhanced differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to mesenchymal progenitors by inhibition of TGF-β/activin/nodal signaling using SB-431542
Authors: Mahmood Amer , Harkness Linda , Schrøder Henrik Daa , Abdallah Basem M , Kassem Moustapha 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Directing differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into specific cell types using an easy and reproducible protocol is a prerequisite for the clinical use of hESCs in regenerative-medicine procedures. Here, we report a protocol for directing the differentiation of hESCs into mesenchymal progenitor cells. We demonstrate that inhibition of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/activin/nodal signaling during embryoid body (EB) formation using SB-431542 (SB) in serum-free medium markedly upregulated paraxial mesodermal markers (TBX6, TBX5) and several myogenic developmental markers, including early myogenic transcriptional factors (Myf5, Pax7), as well as myocyte-committed markers [NCAM, CD34, desmin, MHC (fast), α-smooth muscle actin, Nkx2.5, cTNT]. Continuous inhibition of TGF-β signaling in EB outgrowth cultures (SB-OG) enriched for myocyte progenitor cells; markers were PAX7+ (25%), MYOD1+ (52%), and NCAM+ (CD56) (73%). DNA microarray analysis revealed differential upregulation of 117 genes (&gt;2-fold compared with control cells) annotated to myogenic development and function. Moreover, these cells showed the ability to contract (80% of the population) and formed myofibers when implanted intramuscularly in vivo. Interestingly, SB-OG cells cultured in 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) developed into a homogeneous population of mesenchymal progenitors that expressed CD markers characteristic of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs): CD44+ (100%), CD73+ (98%), CD146+ (96%), and CD166+ (88%) with the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, microarray analysis of these cells revealed downregulation of genes related to myogenesis: MYH3 (−167.9-fold), ACTA1 (−161-fold), MYBPH (−139-fold), ACTC (−100.3-fold), MYH8 (−45.5-fold), and MYOT (−41.8-fold) and marked upregulation of genes related to mesoderm-derived cell lineages. In conclusion, our data provides a simple and versatile protocol for directing the differentiation of hESCs into a myogenic lineage and then further into mesenchymal progenitors by blocking the TGF-β signaling pathway. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Velocities of bone mineral accrual in black and white American children
Authors: Hui Siu L , Perkins Anthony J , Harezlak Jaroslaw , Peacock Munro , McClintock Cindy L , Johnston C Conrad 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Black adults have higher bone mass than whites in the United States, but it is not clear when black children gain bone mineral faster than white children. We performed a cohort study to compare the growth velocity of total-body bone mineral content (TBMC) between black and white children of the same sex at different ages and stages of sexual maturity. TBMC and total-body area were measured in a cohort of 188 black and white boys and girls aged 5 to 15 years annually for up to 4 years. Rates of change in TBMC and area were found to vary with age and with Tanner stage. For both TBMC and area, growth velocities between black and white children differed significantly across Tanner stages. Age-specific velocities were higher in black children during prepuberty and initial entry into puberty but reversed in subsequent Tanner stages. Despite earlier entry into each Tanner stage, black children spent only an average of only 0.2 year longer in Tanner stages II through IV, and total gain in TBMC from age 5 to 15 was not higher in whites. In conclusion, the higher bone mass in black adults compared with whites cannot be attributed to faster accrual during puberty. It is due to black children's higher rate of bone mineral accrual in prepuberty and plausibly in postpuberty. Most of the racial difference in TBMC velocity can be explained by growth in size. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
A key role for membrane transporter NKCC1 in mediating chondrocyte volume increase in the mammalian growth plate
Authors: Bush Peter G , Pritchard Meredith , Loqman Mohamad Y , Damron Timothy A , Hall Andrew C 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The mechanisms that underlie growth plate chondrocyte volume increase and hence bone lengthening are poorly understood. Many cell types activate the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) to bring about volume increase. We hypothesised that NKCC may be responsible for the volume expansion of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Metatarsals/metacarpals from 16 rat pups (P7) were incubated in the presence/absence of the specific NKCC inhibitor bumetanide and measurement of whole-bone lengths and histologic analysis of the growth plate were done after 24 hours. Fluorescent NKCC immunohistochemistry was visualised using a confocal laser scanning microscopy on seven rat tibial growth plates (P7). Microarray analysis was performed on mRNA isolated from proliferative and hypertrophic zone cells of tibial growth plates from five rats of each of three ages (P49/53/58). Exposure to bumetanide resulted in approximately 35% reduction (paired Student's t test, p &lt; .05) of bone growth in a dose-dependent manner; histologic analysis showed that a reduction in hypertrophic zone height was responsible. Quantification of fluorescence immunohistochemistry revealed a significant (paired Student's t test, p &lt; .05) change in NKCC from the intracellular space of proliferative cells to the cytosolic membrane of hypertrophic zone cells. Further, microarray analysis illustrated an increase in NKCC1 mRNA between proliferative and hypertrophic cells. The increase in NKCC1 mRNA in hypertrophic zone cells, its cellular localization, and reduced bone growth in the presence of the NKCC inhibitor bumetanide implicate NKCC in growth plate hypertrophic chondrocyte volume increase. Further investigation is warranted to determine the regulatory control of NKCC in the mammalian growth plate and the possible detrimental effect on bone growth with chronic exposure to loop diuretics. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
TNF-α's effects on proliferation and apoptosis in human mesenchymal stem cells depend on RUNX2 expression
Authors: Ghali Olfa , Chauveau Christophe , Hardouin Pierre , Broux Odile , Devedjian Jean-Christophe 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
RUNX2 is a bone-specific transcription factor that plays a critical role in prenatal bone formation and postnatal bone development. It regulates the expression of genes that are important in committing cells into the osteoblast lineage. There is increasing evidence that RUNX2 is involved in osteoblast proliferation. RUNX2 expression increases during osteoblast differentiation, and recent data even suggest that it acts as a proapoptotic factor. The cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is known to modulate osteoblast functions in a manner that depends on the differentiation stage. TNF-α affects the rate at which mesenchymal precursor cells differentiate into osteoblasts and induces apoptosis in mature osteoblasts. Thus we sought to establish whether or not the effects of TNF-α and fetal calf serum on proliferation and apoptosis in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were dependent on RUNX2 level and activity. We transfected hMSCs with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) directed against RUNX2 and found that they proliferated more quickly than control hMSCs transfected with a nonspecific siRNA. This increase in proliferation was accompanied by a rise in cyclin A1, B1, and E1 expression and a decrease in levels of the cyclin inhibitor p21. Moreover, we observed that RUNX2 silencing protected hMSCs from TNF-α's antiproliferative and apoptotic effects. This protection was accompanied by the inhibition of caspase-3 activity and Bax expression. Our results confirmed that RUNX2 is a critical link between cell fate, proliferation, and growth control. This study also suggested that, depending on the osteoblasts' differentiation stage, RUNX2 may control cell growth by regulating the expression of elements involved in hormone and cytokine sensitivity. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level as an independent prognostic factor in potentially curative colon cancer
Authors: Huh Jung Wook , Oh Byung Ryul , Kim Hyeong Rok , Kim Young Jin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated the prognostic value of the preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level in patients with colon cancer.MethodsWe reviewed 474 patients who underwent potentially curative resection for nonmetastatic colon cancer. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the preoperative serum CEA level: low CEA (<5 ng/ml) and high CEA (≥5 ng/ml) groups.ResultsDuring the median 45‐month follow‐up period, the 5‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates for patients with a low CEA level were 81.7% and 82.4%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the rates for those with a high CEA level (69.9%; P = 0.011 and 70.6%; P = 0.002, respectively). A multivariate analysis revealed that a preoperative serum CEA level was a significant independent prognostic factor for both overall survival (P = 0.021) and disease‐free survival (P = 0.026). Both the overall and disease‐free survival rates in patients with stage II tumors differed significantly between the low and high CEA groups, whereas the rates did not different between those with stage I and III tumors.ConclusionsPreoperative serum CEA is a reliable predictor of recurrence and survival after curative surgery in patients with colon cancer, particularly in those classified as having stage II disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:396–400. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary and secondary angiosarcoma of the breast: The Mayo Clinic experience
Authors: Scow Jeffrey S. , Reynolds Carol A. , Degnim Amy C. , Petersen Ivy A. , Jakub James W. , Boughey Judy C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAngiosarcoma of the breast can be divided into primary and secondary. The objective was to determine clinicopathologic factors associated with breast angiosarcoma and to compare primary versus secondary angiosarcoma.MethodsBreast angiosarcoma cases at Mayo Clinic from 1960 to 2008 were identified. Clinicopathologic factors were reviewed. Characteristics of primary and secondary angiosarcoma were compared.ResultsTwenty‐seven cases of primary angiosarcoma and 14 cases of secondary angiosarcoma were identified. The median age of primary angiosarcoma patients was lower than that of secondary angiosarcoma—43 years versus 73 years (P < 0.0001). Primary angiosarcoma more frequently presented with a mass, whereas secondary angiosarcoma presented with a rash (P < 0.0001). Median time from radiation to secondary angiosarcoma diagnosis was 6.8 years. Median tumor size was 7.0 cm for primary angiosarcoma and 5.0 cm for secondary angiosarcoma (P = 0.7). Tumors were high grade in 33% of primary angiosarcoma and 82% of secondary angiosarcoma (P = 0.02). Five‐year survival for primary and secondary angiosarcoma was 46% and 69%, respectively (P = 0.8).ConclusionPrimary angiosarcoma occurs in younger patients than secondary and more frequently presents with a mass. Mastectomy is the mainstay of treatment for breast angiosarcoma. Breast angiosarcoma is a rare malignancy with poor long‐term prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:401–407. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduction of periprosthetic infection with silver‐coated megaprostheses in patients with bone sarcoma
Authors: Hardes Jendrik , von Eiff Christof , Streitbuerger Arne , Balke Maurice , Budny Tymoteus , Henrichs Marcel P. , Hauschild Gregor , Ahrens Helmut 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe placement of megaprostheses in patients with bone sarcoma is associated with high rates of infection, despite prophylactic antibiotic administration. In individual cases, secondary amputation is unavoidable in the effort to cure infection.MethodsThe infection rate in 51 patients with sarcoma (proximal femur, n = 22; proximal tibia, n = 29) who underwent placement of a silver‐coated megaprosthesis was assessed prospectively over a 5‐year period, along with the treatment administered for infection. The infection rate was compared with the data for 74 patients in whom an uncoated titanium megaprosthesis (proximal femur, n = 33; proximal tibia, n = 41) was implanted.ResultsThe infection rate was substantially reduced from 17.6% in the titanium to 5.9% in the silver group. Whereas 38.5% of patients in the titanium group ultimately had to undergo amputation when periprosthetic infection developed, these mutilating surgical procedures were not necessary in the study group.ConclusionsThe use of silver‐coated prostheses reduced the infection rate in the medium term. In addition, less aggressive treatment of infection was possible in the group with silver‐coated prostheses. Further studies with longer term follow‐up periods and larger numbers of patients are warranted in order to confirm these encouraging results. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:389–395. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.