bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons from the Application of Decision‐support Tools in Participatory Management of the New Forest National Park, UK
Authors: Edwards Victoria M. , Smith Simon 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on participatory processes using agent‐based simulation models which were employed in the New Forest National Park, UK, to facilitate greater appreciation of recreational impact on wildlife and in turn support proposed revisions in management. The models helped to foster a greater understanding of the need for visitor management, but some stakeholders seemed intent on discrediting them and opposing any changes to recreational management. The inherent complexity and lack of user‐friendly application of the models meant that use of them was compromised. Opportunities should be sought to increase stakeholder involvement in the long‐term collection of data and validation of models, and to embed participatory processes in existing decision‐making institutions. Overall, the decision support tools detracted attention from opportunities for researching social learning: tools need to be part of a well‐run deliberative learning process that addresses stakeholder representation and power relationships, knowledge validation, social learning and improved transparency. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Application of Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with a Bilayer of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube and Polypyrrole Doped with Nitrazine Yellow for Voltammetric Determination of Naltrexone
Authors: Shahrokhian Saeed , Kamalzadeh Zahra , Saberi Reyhaneh‐Sadat 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA new sensitive electrochemical sensor was fabricated based on a layer by layer process. In this process the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is first coated by a thin film of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In the next step, the electropolymerization of pyrrole in the presence of Nitrazine Yellow (NY) as a dopant anion is performed on the surface of the MWCNTs precoated electrode. The electrochemical response characteristics of the modified electrode toward naltrexone (NTX) were studied by means of linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). A remarkable increase (∼19 times) was observed in the anodic peak current of NTX on the surface of the modified electrode relative to the bare GCE. The effects of experimental parameters on the electrode response such as, drop size of the cast MWCNTs suspension, pH of the supporting electrolyte, accumulation conditions and the number of cycles in the electropolymerization process were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the modified electrode showed a wide linear response to the concentration of NTX in the range of 4.0×10−8–1×10−5 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 12 nmol L−1. The prepared sensor exhibited high sensitivity, stability and good reproducibility for the determination of NTX. This sensor was successfully applied for the accurate determination of trace amounts of NTX in pharmaceutical and clinical preparations.
Enhanced sensitivity of LC‐MS analysis of permethylated N‐glycans through online purification
Authors: Desantos‐Garcia Janie L. , Khalil Sarah I. , Hussein Ahmed , Hu Yunli , Mechref Yehia 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAberrant glycosylation of proteins and lipids has been implicated in many human diseases, thus prompting the need for reliable analytical methods that permit dependable quantification of glycans originating from biological specimens. MS of permethylated glycans is currently employed to monitor disease‐related aberrant glycosylation of proteins and lipids. However, enhancing the sensitivity of this type of analysis is still needed. Here, analysis of permethylated glycans at enhanced sensitivity is attained through miniaturized solid‐phase permethylation and online solid‐phase purification. Solid‐phase permethylation method was miniaturized by reducing the amount of sodium hydroxide beads (one‐third the original amount) packed in microspin columns. The efficiency of glycan permethylation was not adversely affected by this reduction. Online solid‐phase purification of permethylated N‐glycans derived from model glycoproteins, such as fetuin, α‐1 acid glycoprotein and ribonuclease B, offered more sensitive and reproducible results than offline liquid–liquid and solid‐phase extractions. Online solid‐phase purification method described here permitted a 75% increase in signal intensities of permethylated glycans relative to offline purification methods. This is mainly due to the minimized sample handling associated with an online cleaning procedure. The efficiency and utility of online solid‐phase purification was also demonstrated here for N‐glycans derived from human blood serum. Online solid‐phase purification permitted the detection of 73 N‐glycan structures, while only 63 glycan structures were detected in the case of samples purified through liquid–liquid extraction. The intensities of the 63 structures that were detected in both cases were 75% higher for samples that were purified through the online method.
Decagonal Quasicrystals and Approximants: Two‐Dimensional or Three‐Dimensional Solids?
Authors: Dolinšek Janez , Smontara Ana 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCrystallographic structures of decagonal quasicrystals (d‐QCs) are traditionally described as a periodic stacking of atomic planes with quasiperiodic in‐plane atomic order, so that d‐QCs are considered to be two‐dimensional (2D) quasicrystals, whereas they are periodic crystals in the third dimension. Similar stacked‐layer structures are observed also in the periodic decagonal approximant phases. In this review paper, we consider the dimensionality of the chemical bonding network in the d‐QCs and their approximants on the basis of electrical resistivity. By comparing the anisotropic resistivity along the stacking‐ and the in‐plane directions of a series of decagonal approximants with different numbers of atomic layers within one periodicity unit (the two‐layer Y‐Al‐Co‐Ni, the four‐layer o‐Al13Co4, Al13Fe4 and Al13(Fe,Ni)4, and the six‐layer Al4(Cr,Fe) and T‐Al3(Mn,Fe)) and of a two‐layer d‐Al‐Co‐Ni decagonal quasicrystal, we show that universally, the stacking direction perpendicular to the atomic planes is always the most conducting one. Since the in‐plane electrical resistivities are of the same order of magnitude as the resistivity along the stacking direction, this confirms the 3D character of the investigated solids. The stacked‐layer description in terms of 2D atomic planes should therefore be regarded as a convenient geometrical approach to describe the complex structures of the d‐QCs and their approximants, whereas their physical properties are those of true 3D solids.
REVERSE REGRESSIONS AND LONG‐HORIZON FORECASTING
Authors: Wei Min , Wright Jonathan H. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYLong‐horizon predictive regressions in finance pose formidable econometric problems when estimated using available sample sizes. Hodrick in 1992 proposed a remedy that is based on running a reverse regression of short‐horizon returns on the long‐run mean of the predictor. Unfortunately, this only allows the null of no predictability to be tested, and assumes stationary regressors. In this paper, we revisit long‐horizon forecasting from reverse regressions, and argue that reverse regression methods avoid serious size distortions in long‐horizon predictive regressions, even when there is some predictability and/or near unit roots. Meanwhile, the reverse regression methodology has the practical advantage of being easily applicable when there are many predictors. We apply these methods to forecasting excess bond returns using the term structure of forward rates, and find that there is indeed some return forecastability. However, confidence intervals for the coefficients of the predictive regressions are about twice as wide as those obtained with the conventional approach to inference. We also include an application to forecasting excess stock returns. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomimetic chitosan–calcium phosphate composites with potential applications as bone substitutes: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Tanase Constantin E. , Popa Marcel I. , Verestiuc Liliana 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA novel biomimetic technique for obtaining chitosan—calcium phosphates (Cs‐CP) scaffolds are presented: calcium phosphates are precipitated from its precursors, CaCl2 and NaH2PO4 on the Cs matrix, under physiological conditions (human body temperature and body fluid pH; 37oC and pH = 7.2, respectively). Materials composition and structure have been confirmed by various techniques: elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR and SEM data have shown the arrangement of the calcium phosphates‐hydroxyapatite (CP‐Hap) onto Cs matrix. In this case the polymer is acting as glue, bonding the calcium phosphates crystals. Behavior in biological simulated fluids (phosphate buffer solution—PBS and PBS—albumin) revealed an important contribution of the chelation between
$ - {\rm{NH}}_3^ + $
and Ca2+ on the scaffold interaction with aqueous mediums; increased quantities of chitosan in composites permit the interaction with human albumin and improve the retention of fluid. The composites are slightly degraded by the lysozyme which facilitates an in vivo degradation control of bone substitutes. Modulus of elasticity is strongly dependent of the ratio chitosan/calcium phosphates and recommends the obtained biomimetic composites as promising materials for a prospective bone application. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Treatment of various secondary lymphedemas by microsurgical lymph vessel transplantation
Authors: Felmerer Gunther , Sattler Thorsten , Lohrmann Christian , Tobbia Dalia 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChronic lymphedema is a debilitating complication of cancer diagnosis and therapy and poses many challenges for health care professionals. It remains a poorly understood condition that has the potential to occur after any intervention affecting lymph node drainage mechanism. Microsurgical lymph vessel transplantation is increasingly recognized as a promising method for bypassing the obstructed lymph pathways and promoting long‐term reduction of edema in the affected limb. A detailed review of 14 patients with postoperative lymphedema treated with autologous lymph vessel transplantation between October 2005 and November 2009 was performed. In this report, the authors gave an account of their experience in utilizing this operative method to alleviate secondary lymphedema including upper limb, lower limb, genital, and facial edemas. Lymph vessel transplantation enhanced lymphatic drainage in patients with secondary lymphedema. In the upper and lower extremities, three patients had completed symptomatic recovery and another nine patients achieved reasonable reduction of lymphedema, four of these needed no further lymph drainage or compression garments and the remaining maintained their improvement with further decongestive therapy with or without compression garments. The patients with facial and genital edemas also experienced significant symptomatic improvement. The authors were able to establish long‐term patency of the lymph vessel anastomosis by magnetic resonance lymphangiography. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
The psychometric properties of the K10 and K6 scales in screening for mood and anxiety disorders in the South African Stress and Health study
Authors: Andersen L. S. , Grimsrud A. , Myer L. , Williams D. R. , Stein D. J. , Seedat S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEmerging research has provided support for the use of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scales in developing countries; however, this research has yet to be extended to southern Africa. This study sought to evaluate the performance of the Kessler scales in screening for depression and anxiety disorders in the South African population. The scales along with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) were included in the South African Stress and Health study, a nationally representative household survey. The K10/K6 demonstrated moderate discriminating ability in detecting depression and anxiety disorders in the general population; evidenced by area under the receiver operating curves of 0.73 and 0.72 respectively. However, both scales failed to meet our acceptability criteria of high sensitivity and high positive predictive value. Examinations of differences in responding by race/ethnicity revealed that the K10/K6 [Kessler Psychological Distress Scale 10‐item (K10) and the abbreviated six‐item (K6)] had significantly lower discriminating ability with respect to depression and anxiety disorders among the Black group (0.71) than among the combined minority race/ethnic groups of White, Colored, and Indian/Asian (0.78; p = 0.016). The difference in time period assessed on the K10/K6 (past 30 days) versus the CIDI (past 12 months) was a notable limitation of this study. Additional validation studies using clinician diagnostic instruments are recommended. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of additives on liquid phase epitaxy growth of non‐polar GaN single crystals using Na flux method
Authors: Masumoto K. , Someno T. , Murakami K. , Imabayashi H. , Takazawa H. , Kitamoto A. , Miyoshi N. , Maruyama M. , Imade M. , Yoshimura M. , Kitaoka Y. , Sasaki T. , Mori Y. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNon‐polar GaN substrates have attracted attention because they can improve the performance of GaN devices. Growth of high‐quality non‐polar GaN single crystals, however, has not been realized. Here, we attempted to grow m‐plane GaN crystals using the Na flux method and investigated the effect of additives such as Ca and Li in Na flux on transparency, surface roughness, and crystallinity. We found that the addition of Ca and Li improved the transparency and the surface roughness of the crystals. Moreover, high‐temperature growth improved crystallinity and decreased impurities such as Ca, Li, and O in GaN crystals. We also found that the crystallinity did not depend on the concentrations of impurities in GaN crystals. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Significance of initial stages on the epitaxial growth of AlN using high temperature halide chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Balaji Manavaimaran , Claudel Arnaud , Fellmann Vincent , Gélard Isabelle , Blanquet Elisabeth , Boichot Raphaël , Coindeau Stéphane , Roussel Hervé , Pique Didier , Baskar Krishnan , Pons Michel 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAlN epilayers were grown on c‐plane Sapphire substrates using High Temperature Halide Chemical Vapor Deposition (HTCVD). Introduction of low temperature nucleation layers (NLs) prior to the high temperature AlN (HT‐AlN) layers was investigated. It was found that NLs stabilizes the epitaxial growth. NL deposition conditions were optimized to improve the quality of AlN epilayers. Increasing nucleation layer deposition temperature from 650 to 850 °C as well as the growth temperature of AlN epilayers from 1200 to 1400 °C improves the structural quality and surface morphology. X‐ray diffraction of θ/2θ scan confirms that AlN layers deposited on NLs are (0002) oriented and X‐ray rocking curve measurement shows FWHM values as low as 864 arcsec for (0002) plane. Surface steps and specular morphology were observed for such AlN epilayers (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
INTERNATIONALISATION AND CONSTITUTIONAL BORROWING IN DRAFTING BILLS OF RIGHTS
Authors: Smith Anne 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article looks at the recent phenomena of internationalisation and constitutional borrowing in drafting Bills of Rights. Using South Africa, Canada and Northern Ireland as its focus, this article posits key lessons to be considered in any society hoping to use these two strategies to best effect in designing indigenous Bills of Rights. This contribution makes the case that while these are viable strategies in equality and other rights provision drafting, before embarking on such trajectories, the local context must be considered. In short, effective and sensitive interaction between the ‘local and the global’ can result in a more rewarding project when those involved in formulating an indigenous Bill of Rights simultaneously reflect best international practice. The article is supported in its conclusions by a series of semi-structured interviews with key players involved in the drafting process in Northern Ireland and Canada.
Shifting the stage
Authors: KAMEYAMA YUKIYOSHI , KISELYOV OLEG , SHAN CHUNG-CHIEH 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIt is often hard to write programs that are efficient yet reusable. For example, an efficient implementation of Gaussian elimination should be specialized to the structure and known static properties of the input matrix. The most profitable optimizations, such as choosing the best pivoting or memoization, cannot be expected of even an advanced compiler because they are specific to the domain, but expressing these optimizations directly makes for ungainly source code. Instead, a promising and popular way to reconcile efficiency with reusability is for a domain expert to write code generators.Two pillars of this approach are types and effects. Typed multilevel languages such as MetaOCaml ensuresafetyand early error reporting: a well-typed code generator neither goes wrong nor generates code that goes wrong. Side effects such as state and control easecorrectnessandexpressivity: An effectful generator can resemble the textbook presentation of an algorithm, as is familiar to domain experts, yet insertletfor memoization andiffor bounds checking, as is necessary for efficiency. Together, types and effects enable structuring code generators as compositions of modules with well-defined interfaces, and hence scaling to large programs. However, blindly adding effects renders multilevel types unsound.We introduce the first multilevel calculus with control effects and a sound type system. We give small-step operational semantics as well as a one-pass continuation-passing-style translation. For soundness, our calculus restricts the code generator's effects to the scope of generated binders. Even with this restriction, we can finally write efficient code generators for dynamic programming and numerical methods in direct style, like in algorithm textbooks, rather than in continuation-passing or monadic style.
Response and resilience of soil biocrust bacterial communities to chronic physical disturbance in arid shrublands
Authors: Kuske Cheryl R , Yeager Chris M , Johnson Shannon , Ticknor Lawrence O , Belnap Jayne 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The impact of 10 years of annual foot trampling on soil biocrusts was examined in replicated field experiments at three cold desert sites of the Colorado Plateau, USA. Trampling detrimentally impacted lichens and mosses, and the keystone cyanobacterium, Microcoleus vaginatus, resulting in increased soil erosion and reduced C and N concentrations in surface soils. Trampled biocrusts contained approximately half as much extractable DNA and 20–52% less chlorophyll a when compared with intact biocrusts at each site. Two of the three sites also showed a decline in scytonemin-containing, diazotrophic cyanobacteria in trampled biocrusts. 16S rRNA gene sequence and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses of soil bacteria from untrampled and trampled biocrusts demonstrated a reduced proportion (23–65% reduction) of M. vaginatus and other Cyanobacteria in trampled plots. In parallel, other soil bacterial species that are natural residents of biocrusts, specifically members of the Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes, became more readily detected in trampled than in untrampled biocrusts. Replicate 16S rRNA T-RFLP profiles from trampled biocrusts at all three sites contained significantly more fragments (n=17) than those of untrampled biocrusts (n⩽6) and exhibited much higher variability among field replicates, indicating transition to an unstable disturbed state. Despite the dramatic negative impacts of trampling on biocrust physical structure and composition, M. vaginatus could still be detected in surface soils after 10 years of annual trampling, suggesting the potential for biocrust re-formation over time. Physical damage of biocrusts, in concert with changing temperature and precipitation patterns, has potential to alter performance of dryland ecosystems for decades.
Determination of particle-induced structural disorder depth profile in crystals using the grazing-angle incidence hard x-ray backscattering diffraction technique*
Authors: Bezirganyan Hakob (Jacob) P , Bezirganyan Siranush E , Bezirganyan Petros H , Bezirganyan Hayk H 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In this theoretical paper, we propose an x-ray imaging method for determination of particle-induced structural disorder depth profile in the crystalline materials based on the extremely sensitive, high-resolution, and non-destructive grazing-angle incidence hard x-ray backscattering diffraction technique. A peculiar value of the Bragg angle is discovered within the specular beam suppression angular region for which the curve of x-ray reflectivity is very close to the profile of the corresponding structural disorder. The coincidence presents a unique opportunity for the direct registration of the structural disorder depth profile in particle-irradiated crystals.
Collection efficiency of submicrometre particles using single and double DBD in a wire-to-square tube ESP
Authors: Gouri R , Zouzou N , Tilmatine A , Moreau E , Dascalescu L 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the collection of submicrometre particles charged by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in two types of wire-to-square glass tube electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). They are, respectively, designated as single DBD-ESP and double DBD-ESP, depending on the absence or presence of a dielectric layer around the high-voltage wire electrode. The experiments are performed with incense smoke particles having a mean size of about 0.32 µm. An aerosol spectrometer is employed for characterizing the size distribution of these particles at the outlet of the ESPs. The collection efficiency is estimated for various applied voltages and frequencies (ranges: 8–28 kV, 0.3–1000 Hz) at a fixed air flow rate (5.1 L min−1). The electrical measurements show that in the case of the single DBD-ESP, the discharge mode is rather homogeneous. In contrast, the discharge has a filamentary behaviour in the case of the double DBD-ESP. Results show that the particle collection efficiency of both ESPs is higher at high applied voltages and within a certain frequency range. However, corroborating the collection efficiency results with the power consumption measurements reveals that the double DBD-ESP offers better performances for a larger frequency range.
Mechanism of femtosecond laser inducing inverted microstructures by employing different types of objective lens
Authors: Song Juan , Luo Fangfang , Hu Xiao , Zhao Quanzhong , Qiu Jianrong , Xu Zhizhan 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In this paper, an interesting inverted structure, fabricated by focusing femtosecond laser pulses through two different objective lenses (an oil-immersion objective lens and a dry objective lens), is reviewed. According to the interface spherical aberration theory, reasonable models are built and the simulated laser fluence in the focal region is given. The distribution of laser fluence agrees with the structural characteristics of the experimentally obtained void array. We propose that the monotonic tendency that the aberration function changes with the azimuth angle determines the final ‘growth’ direction of the void array.