bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigating file‐sharing misbehavior with movement synchronization to increase end‐to‐end availability for delay sensitive streams in vehicular P2P devices
Authors: Mavromoustakis Constandinos X. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYWhen dealing with wireless connectivity in a mobile peer‐to‐peer (MP2P) environment, there are many concerns about the offered efficiency and availability of the requested resources and concerns about practicality considerations. These considerations deal with the movement and deployment of continuous connectivity. The intermittent connectivity is a major factor for object sharing misbehavior because it aggravates the connectivity and reliability. MP2P environments are in need of specialized placement algorithms where structured index‐centric solutions will be able to provide efficiency and object location determination over intermittent connectivity and communication. Replication of any requested object and redundancy face the requests' failures because they create severe duplications, and aggravate the capacity of the end‐to‐end path. This work proposes a framework that enables mitigation between the file sharing misbehavior in contrast to the movement synchronization, and it quantifies the parameters that affect the end‐to‐end efficient transmission by taking into consideration the synchronization between moving peers to assign the requested resources in the end‐to‐end path. Resilience metrics are introduced to enable reliability in cooperative file sharing procedure. The proposed scheme considers synchronization and assignment of the moving mobile Infostation peer with certain object indices to a certain vehicle via a synchronized cooperative scheme where the file sharing process is performed through the message ferry mobile peer. In addition, a resource assignment cooperation engine is developed taking into consideration the social cooperation model and the end‐to‐end capacity of the relay path. The proposed resource exchange apparatus for file chunks' migration is performed to enable delay sensitive streaming. The proposed model is evaluated through experimental simulation taking measures for the throughput and the reliability offered and for the robustness for sharing resources of any capacity in dynamically changing MP2P wireless environments under synchronized movements. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of β‐Lactam–Oxindole Hybrids Through a Three‐Component Reaction of Azetidine‐2,3‐diones, α‐Diazo‐oxindoles, and Alcohols Catalyzed by [Rh2(OAc)4]
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Aragoncillo Cristina , Callejo Ricardo , Ruiz M. Pilar , Torres M. Rosario 
Published: March 2012

Abstractβ‐Lactam–oxindole hybrids have been synthesized in good yields in a one‐pot procedure through efficient and stereoselective capture of an oxonium ylide with azetidine‐2,3‐diones. The reaction allows high to moderate control of stereoselectivity, depending on the 3‐diazo‐oxindole precursor and the hydroxylic compound used. Two new quaternary stereogenic centers were formed; the stereochemistry at the C‐3 quaternary center was controlled by a bulky substituent at C‐4, whereas the stereoselectivity in the adjacent second quaternary stereogenic center was controlled by the α‐diazo‐oxindole. The stereochemistry of both quaternary centers has been unambiguously assigned by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Hydroxymethyl‐Branched Piperidines from Hydroxymethyl‐Branched Lactones: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,5‐Dideoxy‐2‐C‐hydroxymethyl‐1,5‐imino‐D‐mannitol, 1,5‐Dideoxy‐2‐C‐hydroxymethyl‐1,5‐imino‐L‐gulitol and 1,5‐Dideoxy‐2‐C‐hydroxymethyl‐1,5‐imino‐D‐talitol
Authors: Soengas Raquel G. , Simone Michela I. , Hunter Stuart , Nash Robert J. , Evinson Emma L. , Fleet George W. J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThree homochiral polyhydroxylated piperidines containing a quaternary carbon branch at C‐2 of the heterocyclic ring, which can be considered as branched analogues of deoxymannorijimycin (DMJ), and their corresponding lactams were synthesised from readily available and versatile carbohydrate lactones containing a 2‐C‐hydroxymethyl branch. The key step in the synthesis of these iminosugars, 1,5‐dideoxy‐2‐C‐hydroxymethyl‐1,5‐imino‐D‐mannitol, 1,5‐dideoxy‐2‐C‐hydroxymethyl‐1,5‐imino‐L‐gulitol and 1,5‐dideoxy‐2‐C‐hydroxymethyl‐1,5‐imino‐D‐talitol, was an efficient modified Kiliani reaction performed on the readily available ketose starting materials L‐sorbose and D‐fructose. The introduction of the carbon branch at C‐2 resulted in loss of glycosidase inhibitory activity, which could be advantageous for therapeutic use of such compounds as chaperones.
Highly Chemoselective Mono‐Suzuki Arylation Reactions on All Three Dichlorobenzene Isomers and Applications Development
Authors: Ullah Ehsan , McNulty James , Robertson Al 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA Pd catalyst system is described that allows very high chemoselective monoarylation on all three isomers of dichlorobenzene. Direct application of these commodity chemicals to high‐value ligands, anilines, azides, and carbazoles was achieved through this process discovery.
Flow‐Injection Pulsed‐Amperometric Determination of Free Glycerol in Biodiesel at a Gold Electrode
Authors: Barbosa Tatielli G. G. , Richter Eduardo M. , Muñoz Rodrigo A. A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis work reports the highly‐sensitive amperometric determination of free glycerol in biodiesel at a gold electrode adapted in a flow‐injection analysis (FIA) cell. The amperometric method involved the continuous application of three sequential pulses to the working electrode (+250 mV, +700 mV, and −200 mV, for 100 ms each). This sequence of potential pulses eliminated electrode passivation and dramatically increased the analytical signal. The proposed FIA‐amperometric method presented low relative standard deviation between injections (1.5 %, n=15), high analytical frequency (85 h−1), satisfactory recovery values (93–118 %) for spiked samples, wide linear range (from 1 to 300 µmol L−1), and low detection limit (0.5 µmol L−1).
LEAD TIME TTO: LEADING TO BETTER HEALTH STATE VALUATIONS?
Authors: Attema Arthur E. , Versteegh Matthijs M. , Oppe Mark , Brouwer Werner B. F. , Stolk Elly A. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYPreference elicitation tasks for better than dead (BTD) and worse than dead (WTD) health states vary in the conventional time trade‐off (TTO) procedure, casting doubt on uniformity of scale. ‘Lead time TTO’ (LT‐TTO) was recently introduced to overcome the problem. We tested different specifications of LT‐TTO in comparison with TTO in a within‐subject design. We elicited preferences for six health states and employed an intertemporal ranking task as a benchmark to test the validity of the two methods. We also tested constant proportional trade‐offs (CPTO), while correcting for discounting, and the effect of extending the lead time if a health state is considered substantially WTD. LT‐TTO produced lower values for BTD states and higher values for WTD states. The validity of CPTO varied across tasks, but it was higher for LT‐TTO than for TTO. Results indicate that the ratio of lead time to disease time has a greater impact on results than the total duration of the time frame. The intertemporal ranking task could not discriminate between TTO and LT‐TTO. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing the influence of topography and material properties on catchment‐scale soil moisture patterns using remotely sensed vegetation patterns in a humid temperate catchment, northern Britain
Authors: Graham Milledge David , Warburton Jeff , N. Lane Stuart , J. Stevens Carly 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn order to evaluate the relationship between the apparent complexity of hillslope soil moisture and the emergent patterns of catchment hydrological behaviour and water quality, we need fine‐resolution catchment‐wide data on soil moisture characteristics. This study proposes a methodology whereby vegetation patterns obtained from high‐resolution orthorectified aerial photographs are used as an indicator of soil moisture characteristics. This enables us to examine a set of hypotheses regarding what drives the spatial patterns of soil moisture at the catchment scale (material properties or topography). We find that the pattern of Juncus effusus vegetation is controlled largely by topography and mediated by the catchment's material properties. Characterizing topography using the topographic index adds value to the soil moisture predictions relative to slope or upslope contributing area (UCA). However, these predictions depart from the observed soil moisture patterns at very steep slopes or low UCAs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogeochemical evolution of Ordovician limestone groundwater in Yanzhou, North China
Authors: Han Yong , Wang Guangcai , Cravotta Charles A , Hu Weiyue , Bian Yueyue , Zhang Zongwen , Liu Yuanyuan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMajor‐ion compositions of groundwater are employed in this study of the water–rock interactions and hydrogeochemical evolution within a carbonate aquifer system. The groundwater samples were collected from boreholes or underground tunnels in the Ordovician limestone of Yanzhou Coalfield where catastrophic groundwater inflows can be hazardous to mining and impact use of the groundwater as a water supply. The concentration of total dissolved solid (TDS) ranged from 961 to 3555 mg/l and indicates moderately to highly mineralized water. The main water‐type of the middle Ordovician limestone groundwater is Ca‐Mg‐SO4, with SO42‐ ranging from 537 to 2297 mg/l, and average values of Ca2+ and Mg2+ of 455.7 and 116.6 mg/l, respectively. The water samples were supersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite and undersaturated or saturated with respect to gypsum. Along the general flow direction, deduced from increases of TDS and Cl‐, the main water–rock interactions that caused hydrogeochemical evolution of the groundwater within the aquifer were the dissolution of gypsum, the precipitation of calcite, the dissolution or precipitation of dolomite, and ion exchange. Ion exchange is the major cause for the lower mole concentration of Ca2+ than that of SO42‐. The groundwater level of Ordovician aquifer is much higher than that of C‐P coal‐bearing aquifers, so the potential flow direction is upward, and the pyrite in coal is not a possible source of sulfate; additional data on the stable sulfur and oxygen isotopic composition of the sulfate may be helpful to identify its origin. Although ion exchange probably accounts for the higher mole concentration of Na+ than that of Cl‐, the dissolution of aluminosilicate cannot be ruled out. The data evaluation methods and results of this study could be useful in other areas to understand flow paths in aquifers and to provide information needed to identify the origin of groundwater. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative assessment of the impact of climate variability and human activities on runoff changes: a case study in four catchments of the Haihe River basin, China
Authors: Wang Weiguang , Shao Quanxi , Yang Tao , Peng Shizhang , Xing Wanqiu , Sun Fengchao , Luo Yufeng 
Published: March 2012

AbstractQuantitative evaluation of the effect of climate variability and human activities on runoff is of great importance for water resources planning and management in terms of maintaining the ecosystem integrity and sustaining the society development. In this paper, hydro‐climatic data from four catchments (i.e. Luanhe River catchment, Chaohe River catchment, Hutuo River catchment and Zhanghe River catchment) in the Haihe River basin from 1957 to 2000 were used to quantitatively attribute the hydrological response (i.e. runoff) to climate change and human activities separately. To separate the attributes, the temporal trends of annual precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PET) and runoff during 1957–2000 were first explored by the Mann–Kendall test. Despite that only Hutuo River catchment was dominated by a significant negative trend in annual precipitation, all four catchments presented significant negative trend in annual runoff varying from −0.859 (Chaohe River) to −1.996 mm a−1 (Zhanghe River). Change points in 1977 and 1979 are detected by precipitation–runoff double cumulative curves method and Pettitt's test for Zhanghe River and the other three rivers, respectively, and are adopted to divide data set into two study periods as the pre‐change period and post‐change period. Three methods including hydrological model method, hydrological sensitivity analysis method and climate elasticity method were calibrated with the hydro‐climatic data during the pre‐change period. Then, hydrological runoff response to climate variability and human activities was quantitatively evaluated with the help of the three methods and based on the assumption that climate and human activities are the only drivers for streamflow and are independent of each other. Similar estimates of anthropogenic and climatic effects on runoff for catchments considered can be obtained from the three methods. We found that human activities were the main driving factors for the decline in annual runoff in Luanhe River catchment, Chaohe River catchment and Zhanghe River catchment, accounting for over 50% of runoff reduction. However, climate variability should be responsible for the decrease in annual runoff in the Hutuo River catchment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Removal of Pathogens by River Bank Filtration at Haridwar, India
Authors: Thakur A. K. , Ojha C. S. P. , Singh V. P. , Gurjar B. R. , Sandhu C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMeasurements of river water quality at Haridwar, India, taken during 2005–2006 show that the river water does not meet the World Health Organization and Bureau of Indian Standards criteria of drinking water quality, especially with respect to total coliform and fecal coliform. This study investigates the removal of pathogens at a river bank filtration site in Haridwar. Using the quality of river water and the quality of abstracted water from a nearby production well, semi‐empirical models based on the concept of filtration coefficient are developed and tested for their effectiveness in removing pathogens under varying bacteriological quality of source water. A two‐tier model, which includes the effect of clogged layer, is developed to obtain an equivalent filtration coefficient. This coefficient is found to be linearly related with natural logarithm of the concentration of pathogens in the source water. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pesticide use, immunologic conditions, and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in Canadian men in six provinces
Authors: Pahwa Manisha , Harris Shelley A. , Hohenadel Karin , McLaughlin John R. , Spinelli John J. , Pahwa Punam , Dosman James A. , Blair Aaron 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPesticide exposures and immune suppression have been independently associated with the risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but their joint effect has not been well explored. Data from a case–control study of men from six Canadian provinces were used to evaluate the potential effect modification of asthma, allergies, or asthma and allergies and hay fever combined on NHL risk from use of: (i) any pesticide; (ii) any organochlorine insecticide; (iii) any organophosphate insecticide; (iv) any phenoxy herbicide; (v) selected individual pesticides [1,1′‐(2,2,2‐trichloroethylidene)bis[4‐chlorobenzene]; 1,1,1‐trichloro‐2,2‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT), malathion, (4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)acetic acid (MCPA), mecoprop, and (2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4‐D); and (vi) from the number of potentially carcinogenic pesticides. Incident NHL cases (n = 513) diagnosed between 1991 and 1994 were recruited from provincial cancer registries and hospitalization records and compared to 1,506 controls. A stratified analysis was conducted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for age, province, proxy respondent, and diesel oil exposure. Subjects with asthma, allergies, or hay fever had non‐significantly elevated risks of NHL associated with use of MCPA (OR = 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90–7.93) compared to subjects without any of these conditions (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.39–1.70). Conversely, those with asthma, allergies, or hay fever who reported use of malathion had lower risks of NHL (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 0.69–2.26) versus subjects with none of these conditions (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.65–3.61). Similar effects were observed for asthma and allergies evaluated individually. Although there were some leads regarding effect modification by these immunologic conditions on the association between pesticide use and NHL, small numbers, measurement error and possible recall bias limit interpretation of these results.
Examining realized volatility regimes under a threshold stochastic volatility model
Authors: Xu Dinghai 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the realized volatility regimes under a threshold stochastic volatility (SV) model framework. Due to the availability of the volatility proxy, the estimation of the models' parameters can be easily implemented via standard maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) rather than using simulated Bayesian methods. In addition, the proposed model accommodates state‐dependent correlations between the return and volatility processes. This new feature can not only explain the so‐called leverage effect under the threshold SV framework, but also increase the flexibility of the model structure. Several mis‐specification and sensitivity experiments are conducted using Monte Carlo methods. In the empirical study, we apply the threshold SV structure to three stock indices. The results show that in different regimes, the returns and volatilities exhibit asymmetric behavior. In addition, this paper allows the threshold in the model to be flexible (or data driven) and uses a sequential optimization based on MLE to search for the ‘optimal'threshold value. We find that the model with a flexible threshold is always preferred to the traditional model with a fixed threshold according to the standard log‐likelihood measure. Interestingly, the ‘optimal’ threshold is found to be stable across different sampling realized volatility measures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Welfare States Facing HIV/AIDS. Organizational Responses in Western Europe (1981–91)
Authors: Panchaud Christine 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this article the author analyzes comparatively several organizational models which were introduced in a dozen West European countries to address the problem of HIV/AIDS. Analyzing some aspects of the organizational design, the logic of intervention (sectorial or global), the type of actors (public or private) and the type of relations between actors, she elaborates a typology of responses. Three types are identified, presenting unexpected variants in respect to general typologies of the western welfare state. The author also notes that a form of social regulation based on private actors has been adopted in all countries under consideration. These results lead her to the hypothesis that the factors of innovation or modernization in administrations facing the management of such problems are grounded in new forms of collaboration between actors of different legal status.
Problèmes de mise en œuvre de la politique sociale en milieu urbain: l'exemple des services médico‐sociaux pour consommateurs de drogues
Authors: Kübler Daniel 
Published: March 2012

RésuméPeut‐on parler de spécificités locales en matière de politique sociale? Le but de cet article est de démontrer qu'au niveau local, le champ de la politique sociale est structuré par une problématique spécifique de coexistence territoriale entre “exclus” et “intégrés”, qui se superpose au débat politique plus global sur l'organisation de la solidarité sociale. A cette fin, l'auteur analyse les enjeux liés à la mise en oeuvre de services médico‐sociaux pour consommateurs de drogues illégales en Suisse. Les conflits relatifs au choix de sites pour ces services révèlent des dynamiques diverses. D'une part, les processus d'urbanisation sous‐tendent une problématique concernant la “place légitime” dans la ville des populations stigmatisées, et d'autre part, la mise en oeuvre de ces services s'expose à des oppositions de principe, provenant d'acteurs qui exploi‐tent leurs ressources locales de pouvoir. Les dispositifs de médiation à Bâle et à Genève témoignent pourtant qu'il est possible de surmonter ces conflits. En permettant l'implication des parties concernées, la médiation confère alors au local un caractère pleinement politique.
Ethanol consumption modifies the body turnover of cadmium: a study in a rat model of human exposure
Authors: Brzóska Malgorzata M. , Galażyn‐Sidorczuk Malgorzata , Dzwilewska Ilona 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTEthanol (Et) abusers may also be exposed to excessive amounts of cadmium (Cd). Thus, the study was aimed at estimating the influence of Et on the body turnover of Cd in a rat model reflecting excessive alcohol consumption in humans chronically exposed to moderate and relatively high levels of this metal. For this purpose, Cd apparent absorption, retention in the body and concentration in the blood, stomach, duodenum, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, heart, testis and femur as well as its fecal and urinary excretion in the rats exposed to 5 and 50mg Cd l−1 (in drinking water; for 16 weeks from the fifth week of the animal's life) and/or Et (5 g kg−1 b.w. per 24 h, by oral gavage; for 12 weeks from the ninth week of life) were estimated. Moreover, the duodenal, liver and kidney pool of the nonmetallothionein (Mt)‐bound Cd was evaluated. The administration of Et during the exposure to 5 or 50mg Cd l−1 increased Cd accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract and its urinary excretion, and decreased Cd concentration in the blood, femur and numerous soft tissues (including liver and kidney) as well as the total pool of this metal in internal organs. Et modified or not the pool of the non‐Mt‐bound Cd, depending on the level of treatment with this metal. The results show that excessive Et consumption during Cd exposure may decrease the body burden of this metal, at least partly, by its lower absorption and increased urinary excretion. Based on this study, it can be concluded that Cd concentration in the blood and tissues of alcohol abusers chronically exposed to moderate and relatively high levels of this metal may be lower, whereas its urinary excretion is higher than in their nondrinking counterparts. However, since Et is toxic itself, the decreased body burden of Cd owing to alcohol consumption does not allow for the conclusion that the risk of health damage may be lower at co‐exposure to these xenobiotics. In a further study, it will be investigated how the Et‐induced changes in the body status of Cd influence the effects of its toxic action. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New biodegradable small‐diameter artificial vascular prosthesis: A feasibility study
Authors: Kong Xiaoying , Han Baoqin , Li Hui , Liang Ye , Shao Kai , Liu Wanshun 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn in‐house built instrument was used to fabricate a small internal diameter (2 mm) artificial vascular prosthesis from biodegradable chitosan. This new artificial vascular prosthesis has shown a good biocompatibility based on the studies of its cell compatibility, inflammatory reaction, and platelet adhesion. In an animal test, the prosthesis was used to replace a 4‐cm‐long section of femoral artery in each of the seven tested dogs. The patency of the replacement was monitored at regular intervals using Doppler ultrasound diagnostics. Nine months after the implantation, hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical study, and scanning electron microscope observation were carried out. Complete decomposition of the prosthesis and replacement by a natural blood vessel were observed. The results suggests that the artificial vascular prosthesis displays many characteristics of the “ideal” small‐diameter artificial vascular, and have the biocompatibility that can be tailored to match those desired in vascular replacement application. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.