bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of physical activity and health in the early years (aged 0–4 years)
Authors: Timmons Brian W. , LeBlanc Allana G. , Carson Valerie , Connor Gorber Sarah , Dillman Carrie , Janssen Ian , Kho Michelle E. , Spence John C. , Stearns Jodie A. , Tremblay Mark S. 
Published: July 2012

The early years represent a critical period for promoting physical activity. However, the amount of physical activity needed for healthy growth and development is not clear. Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework, we aimed to present the best available evidence to determine the relationship between physical activity and measures of adiposity, bone and skeletal health, motor skill development, psychosocial health, cognitive development, and cardiometabolic health indicators in infants (1 month – 1 year), toddlers (1.1–3.0 years), and preschoolers (3.1–4.9 years). Online databases, personal libraries, and government documents were searched for relevant studies. Twenty-two articles, representing 18 unique studies and 12 742 enrolled participants, met inclusion criteria. The health indicators of interest were adiposity (n = 11), bone and skeletal health (n = 2), motor development (n = 4), psychosocial health (n = 3), cognitive development (n = 1), and cardiometabolic health indicators (n = 3); these indicators were pre-specified by an expert panel. Five unique studies involved infants, 2 involved toddlers, and 11 involved preschoolers. In infants, there was low- to moderate-quality evidence to suggest that increased or higher physical activity was positively associated with improved measures of adiposity, motor skill development, and cognitive development. In toddlers, there was moderate-quality evidence to suggest that increased or higher physical activity was positively associated with bone and skeletal health. In preschoolers, there was low- to high-quality evidence on the relationship between increased or higher physical activity and improved measures of adiposity, motor skill development, psychosocial health, and cardiometabolic health indicators. There was no serious inconsistency in any of the studies reviewed. This evidence can help to inform public health guidelines. (PROSPERO registration: CRD42011001243)
Triphala (PADMA) extract alleviates bronchial hyperreactivity in a mouse model through liver and spleen immune modulation and increased anti-oxidative effects
Authors: Horani Amjad , Shoseyov David , Ginsburg Isaac , Mruwat Rufayda , Doron Sarit , Amer Johnny , Safadi Rifaat 
Published: July 2012

Objectives: Triphala (TRP), a herbal extract from Tibetan medicine, has been shown to affect lymphocytes and natural killer T (NKT) cell function. We hypothesize that TRP could ameliorate bronchial hyperreactivity through immune-cell modulations. Methods: Asthma mouse models were generated through intraperitoneal (IP) injections of ovalbumin (OVA)/2 weeks followed by repeated intranasal OVA challenges. Mice were then treated with normal saline (OVA/NS) or Triphala (OVA/TRP). Data were compared with mice treated with inhaled budesonide. All groups were assessed for allergen-induced hyperreactivity; lymphocytes from lungs, livers and spleens were analyzed for OVA-induced proliferation and their alterations were determined by flow cytometry. Oxidative reactivity using chemiluminescence, serum anti-OVA antibodies level and lung histology were assessed. Results: Both TRP and budesonide significantly ameliorated functional and histological OVA-induced bronchial hyperreactivity. TRP had no effect on serum anti-OVA antibodies as compared with decreased levels following budesonide treatment. Furthermore, a significant increase in lung and spleen CD4 counts and a decrease in the liver were noted after TRP treatments. Bronchoalveolar fluid from TRP-treated animals but not from the budesonide-treated animals showed anti-oxidative effects. Conclusion: TRP and budesonide caused a significant decrease in bronchial reactivity. TRP treatment altered immune-cell distributions and showed anti-oxidative properties. These findings suggest that immune-cell modulation with TRP can ameliorate lung injury.
Increased plasma mannose binding lectin levels are associated with bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation
Authors: Budd Steven J , Aris Robert M , Medaiyese Ayorinde A , Tilley Stephen L , Neuringer Isabel P 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Long-term lung allograft survival is limited by bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Mannose binding lectin (MBL) belongs to the innate immune system, participates in complement activation, and may predispose to graft rejection. We investigated mannose binding (MBL) during cold ischemia and in tissue samples from explanted lungs with BOS, and assessed MBL and complement proteins in plasma post-lung transplantation relative to BOS staging.

Methods
MBL was detected by immunohistochemistry lung tissue at the time of cold ischemia and in samples with BOS. MBL was assayed in the peripheral blood of 66 lung transplant patients transplanted between 1990–2007.

Results
MBL localized to vasculature and basement membrane during cold ischemia and BOS. Patients further out post-lung transplant > 5 years (n = 33), had significantly lower levels of MBL in the blood compared to lung transplant patients < 5 years with BOS Op-3 (n = 17), 1738 ± 250 ng/ml vs 3198 ± 370 ng/ml, p = 0.027, and similar levels to lung transplant patients < 5 years with BOS 0 (n = 16), 1738 ± 250 ng/ml vs 1808 ± 345 ng/ml. MBL levels in all BOS 0 (n = 30) vs. all BOS Op-3 (n = 36) were 1378 ± 275 ng/ml vs. 2578 ± 390 ng/ml, p = 0.001, respectively. C3 plasma levels in BOS 0 (n = 30) vs. BOS Op-3 (n = 36) were 101 ± 19.8 mg/ml vs. 114 ± 25.2 mg/ml, p = 0.024, respectively.

Conclusions
MBL localizes within the lung during graft ischemia and BOS, higher levels of plasma MBL are associated with BOS Op-3 and < 5 years post-transplant, and higher level of plasma complement protein C3 was associated with BOS Op-3 clinical status. MBL may serve as a biomarker for poorer outcome post-lung transplantation.
Complications and nutrient deficiencies two years after sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Pech Nicole , Meyer Frank , Lippert Hans , Manger Thomas , Stroh Christine 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
The aim of this systematic study was to investigate patient outcomes and nutritional deficiencies following sleeve gastrectomy (SG) during a median follow-up of two years.

Methods
Over a period of 56 months, all consecutive patients who underwent SG were documented in this prospective, single-center, observational study. The study endpoints included complication rates, nutritional deficiencies and percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL).

Results
From September 26, 2005 to May 28, 2009, 100 patients (female: male = 59:41) with a mean age of 43.6 years (range: 22–64) and a preoperative BMI of 52.3 kg/² (range: 36–77) underwent SG. The mean operative time was 86.4 min (range: 35–275). Major complications were observed in 8.0 % of the patients. During the follow-up period, 25 patients (25.0 %) underwent a second bariatric intervention (22 DS and 3 RYGBP). Out of the total 100 patients, 48 % were supplemented with iron, 33 % with zinc, 34 % with a combination of calcium carbonate and cholecalciferol, 24 % with vitamin D, 42 % with vitamin B12 and 40 % with folic acid. The patients who received only a SG (n = 75) had %EWL of 53.6, 65.8 and 62.6 % after 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively.

Conclusions
SG is a highly effective bariatric intervention for morbidly obese patients. Nutritional deficiencies resulting from the procedure can be detected by routine nutritional screening. Results of the study show that Vitamin B12 supplementation should suggested routinely.
The effects of berberine on hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperlipidemia in rats fed with a long-term high-fat diet
Authors: Chang Xin-xia , Yan Hong-mei , Xu Qiong , Xia Ming-feng , Bian Hua , Zhu Teng-fang , Gao Xin 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
The study was undertaken to examine the effects of berberine (BBR) on serum homocysteine, lipids and the aortic lesion in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats fed with a long-term high-fat diet (HFD).

Methods
Healthy male SD rats weighing 190-210 g received randomly standard diet or a high-fat diet for 24 weeks. After 8 weeks of feeding, rats fed with HFD were randomized to receive berberine (200 mg · kg-1· day-1) or vehicle by gavage for 16 weeks. After overnight fasting, all rats were sacrificed and total blood samples were also collected for determinant of fasting serum homocysteine (Hcy), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels. The aorta was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Sudan Ш to evaluate aortic lesion. The livers were dissected out and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for hepatic TC content and molecular analysis. 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), Lipoprotein receptors and apolipoproteins gene expression in the liver were determined by real-time PCR.

Results
Intragastrical administration with berberine for 16 weeks lowered serum Hcy in rats fed with a high-fat diet. In parallel, it also decreased body weight and improved serum TC and LDL-c. Berberine also tended to decrease hepatic cholesterol. Consistently, berberine also upregulated LDL receptor (LDLR) mRNA level and suppressed HMGR gene expression. Meanwhile, upon berberine-treated rats, there was a significant increase in apolipoprotein E (apoE) mRNA, but no change in apoAI and scavenger receptor (SR) mRNA in the liver. Further, no atherosclerotic lesions were developed in berberine-treated rats for 16 weeks.

Conclusion
Berberine can counteract HFD-elicited hyperhomocysteinemia and hyperlipidemia partially via upregulating LDLR and apoE mRNA levels and suppressing HMGR gene expression.
Oncocytic-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN)-derived invasive oncocytic pancreatic carcinoma with brain metastasis - a case report
Authors: Chiang Kun-Chun , Yu Chi-Chang , Chen Jim-Ray , Huang Yu-Ting , Huang Cheng-Cheng , Yeh Chun-Nan , Tsai Chien-Sheng , Chen Li-Wei , Chen Hsien-Cin , Hsu Jun-Te , Wang Cheng-Hsu , Chen Huang-Yang 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease without effective treatments at present. It ranks as s as 4th and 5th in cancer-related mortality in the western countries and worldwide. Locally advanced pancreatic duct carcinoma (PDAC) and metastatic PDAC, usually found the metastases over liver, peritoneum, or lung, have been shown to be with dismal prognosis. Brain metastasis is a rare entity and most cases reported before were found post-mortem. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMN) has been deemed as a precursor of PDAC with very slow progression rate. Here we reported a case diagnosed with IPMN-derived PDAC with brain metastasis. After surgeries for PDAC and brain metastasis, subsequent chemotherapy and radiotherapy were also given. One and half year after surgery, this patient is still living with good performance status, which may warrant individualization of therapeutic strategy for PDAC with only brain metastasis.
Predictors of adverse events after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A meta-analysis of case reports
Authors: Schlösser Felix JV , JMG van der Heijden Geert , van der Graaf Yolanda , Moll Frans L , Verhagen Hence JM 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is a life-saving intervention. Nevertheless, complications have a major impact. We review the evidence from case reports for risk factors of complications after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Case presentation
We selected case reports from PubMed reporting original data on adverse events after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Extracted risk factors were: age, sex, aneurysm diameter, comorbidities, re-interventions, at least one follow-up visit being missed or refusal of a re-intervention by the patient. Extracted outcomes were: death, rupture and (non-)device-related complications.
In total 113 relevant articles were selected. These reported on 173 patients. A fatal outcome was reported in 15% (N = 26) of which 50% came after an aneurysm rupture (N = 13). Non-fatal aneurysm rupture occurred in 15% (N = 25). Endoleaks were reported in 52% of the patients (N = 90). In half of the patients with a rupture no prior endoleak was discovered during follow-up. In 83% of the patients one or more re-interventions were performed (N = 143). Mortality was higher among women (risk ratio 2.9; 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 6.0), while the presence of comorbidities was strongly associated with both ruptures (risk ratio 1.6; 95% confidence interval 0.9 to 2.9) and mortality (risk ratio 2.1; 95% confidence interval 1.0 to 4.7). Missing one or more follow-up visits (≥1) or refusal of a re-intervention by the patient was strongly related to both ruptures (risk ratio 4.7; 95% confidence interval 3.1 to 7.0) and mortality (risk ratio 3.8; 95% confidence interval 1.7 to 8.3).

Conclusion
Female gender, the presence of comorbidities and at least one follow-up visit being missed or refusal of a re-intervention by the patient appear to increase the risk for mortality after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Larger aneurysm diameter, higher age and multimorbidity at the time of surgery appear to increase the risk for rupture and other complications after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. These risk factors deserve further attention in future studies.
Particle embolization to control life-threatening hemorrhage from a fungating locally advanced breast carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Moriarty John M. , Xing Minzhi , Loh Christopher T. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Sudden severe hemorrhage from locally advanced fungating breast carcinoma and its associated cutaneous lesions is rarely reported. Transcatheter arterial embolization has been used widely in the setting of intractable neoplastic hemorrhage arising from primary and metastatic tumors of the lung, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. Here, we detail the use of transcatheter arterial embolization in controlling torrential hemorrhage in a patient with advanced invasive breast cancer and multiple comorbidities.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 28-year-old African-American woman who presented with acute torrential hemorrhage from a high-grade invasive ductal breast carcinoma. A computed tomography scan demonstrated a 14cm mass with extensive muscle, fascial, and cutaneous invasion. Owing to the extent of invasion and multiple comorbidities, she was deemed to be unsuitable for surgical management. Selective angiography of the left internal mammary artery revealed no tumoral blush, extravasation, or pseudoaneurysm. Transcatheter arterial embolization was undertaken, and complete occlusion of the vessel was demonstrated. No further episodes of hemorrhage occurred.

Conclusions
Though rare, sudden severe hemorrhage from advanced breast cancer may be definitively managed by embolization alone and thus surgery may be avoided.
Use of a static progressive stretch orthosis to treat post-traumatic ankle stiffness
Authors: Costa Christopher R , McElroy Mark J , Johnson Aaron J , Lamm Bradley M , Mont Michael A 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundChronic ankle stiffness can develop for numerous reasons after traumatic injury, and may adversely affect patient gait, mobility, and function. Although standard physical therapeutic techniques typically resolve this stiffness, some cases may be recalcitrant to these measures, making it difficult to restore range-of-motion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a static progressive stretch orthosis for the treatment of chronic ankle stiffness.MethodsTwenty-six patients (26 ankles) who had chronic post-traumatic ankle stiffness were studied. The patients began treatment at a mean of 47 weeks (range, 6 to 272 weeks) following their initial injury using a static progressive stretch orthosis. A patient-directed protocol was used for 30 minutes per day, 1 to 3 times per day, until the range-of-motion was considered to have plateaued. Mean treatment time was 10 weeks (range, 3 to 19 weeks). Treatment duration, range-of-motion, and complications with the device were assessed.ResultsThe overall mean improvement in motion (combined dorsiflexion and plantar flexion) was 17 degrees (range, 2 to 44 degrees). There was a mean improvement in dorsiflexion of 9 degrees (range, -2 to 20 degrees), and a mean improvement of 8 degrees of plantar flexion (range, -10 to 35 degrees). There were no reports of numbness or skin problems.ConclusionsThe outcomes of this study suggest that a patient-directed treatment protocol using a static progressive stretch orthosis was an effective ancillary method for the treatment of chronic post-traumatic ankle stiffness that was refractory to standard physical therapy techniques.
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
Authors: Hes Frederik J , Höppener Jo WM , Luijt Rob B van der , Lips Cornelis JM 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA germline mutation in the Von-Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene predisposes carriers to development of abundantly vascularised tumours in the retina, cerebellum, spine, kidney, adrenal gland and pancreas. Most VHL patients die from the consequences of cerebellar haemangioblastoma or renal cell carcinoma. The VHL gene is a tumour suppressor gene and is involved in angiogenesis by regulation of the activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1-α). Clinical diagnosis of VHL can be confirmed by molecular genetic analysis of the VHL gene, which is informative in virtually all VHL families. A patient with (suspicion for) VHL is an indication for genetic counselling and periodical examination.
Aqueous Solution Behavior of Cationic Surfactant Modulated by the Presence of Glycols and Their Ethers
Authors: Chavda Suresh , Singh Kulbir , Marangoni D Gerrard , Bahadur Pratap 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The effect of ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG) and their monoalkyl (C1–C6) ethers (cellosolves and carbitols) and dimethyl ethers (glymes and diglymes) on the micellar behavior of a cationic surfactant tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) in aqueous solution was examined from electrical conductivity measurements. The effect of these additives on critical micelle concentration (CMC) and degree of counter ion dissociation (α) is evaluated. While both EG, DEG, their monomethyl/monoethyl ethers and dimethyl ethers increased CMC and α, for monobutyl and monohexyl ethers a decrease in CMC was noticed at studied concentration. For all ethers, the α values increased with concentration. NOESY experiments confirmed the location of glycol ethers in micellar solution. The results are discussed in terms of effect of ethers on water structure and solvent properties.
Observation of Adsorbed Schiff-Base Copper(II) Complexes Substituted with N-Alkyl Chains of Various Lengths by STM
Authors: Urano Kazuki , Tomono Kazuaki , Miyamura Kazuo 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
A series of nonionic alkyl-substituted bissalicylaldehydato copper(II) (alkyl: octyl) complexes were prepared, and their two-dimensional (2D) self-assemblies at liquid/solid (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, HOPG) interface were imaged by scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The ligands of the complexes were Schiff-base which was functionalized octyl (Ph-octyl) and a series of N-alkyl Cn. STM images were compared with the molecular structure and the crystal packing of C3 obtained by X-ray crystallography. Depending on their varying N-alkyl chain length, aggregation structure could be classified into two different self-assembled nanopatterns (C1–C3; short region and C4–C7; longer region) and the parity effect was observed in longer region. It was considered that the parity effect was originated from N-alkyl chain length.
Low Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon-rich Tungsten Silicide Films from Tungsten Hexafluoride - Disilane Pre-activated Mixtures
Authors: Saito Takeyasu , Oshima Keiji , Shimogaki Yukihiro , Egashira Yasuyuki , Sugawara Katsuro , Takahiro Katsumi , Nagata Shinji , Yamaguchi Sadae , Komiyama Hiroshi 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Kinetics of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of silicon-rich tungsten silicide films from WF6/Si2H6 mixtures was investigated as a function of the configuration of a hot-wall tubular reactor. The step coverage within micron-sized trenches was analyzed to determine the overall sticking probability, which is the ratio between the film-forming species deposited on a surface and the flux of that species to the surface. The overall sticking probability was found in the range 0.01 - 0.30 as the deposition temperature was varied from 120 to 360°C. The activation energy was 25 kJ/mol. These sticking probabilities were lower than those for CVD of tungsten silicide film from WF6/SiH4 mixtures, which yielded better step-coverage profiles. The extinction temperature, Tex, below which no deposition was observed, ranged from 70  Tex  80°C. Tex = 70°C corresponded to an inner reactor diameter, d, of 22 mm, and Tex = 80°C corresponded to d = 11 mm. The dependence of Tex on d strongly suggests that radical chain reactions are involved in the CVD process. The reaction producing active intermediate species occurs in the gas phase and these active species are consumed on the surface of the reactor wall. Therefore, the volume to surface ratio of the reactor may be the key factor to control Tex, and an increase in d leads to a decrease in Tex. For Tex = 80°C, pre-heating of the gas phase can be used to induce the chain reaction and increase the silicon content in the tungsten silicide films.
Green Process for Adipic Acid Synthesis: Oxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide in Water Micromelusions using Benzalkonium Chloride C12-14 Surfactant
Authors: Lesage Geoffroy , Quesada Peñate Isariebel , Cognet Patrick , Poux Martine 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Adipic acid was synthesized by the oxidation of cyclohexene using 30% hydrogen peroxide in a microemulsion in the presence of sodium tungstate as catalyst. The proposed green process is environmentally friendly since catalyst and surfactant are recycled and pure adipic acid is produced in high yield (70% to 79%). Microemulsions are used as a green solvent and give a better contact between the phases. Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (C12-C14) was used as a surfactant for the generation of the microemulsion since it enables the use of harmful organic solvents and phase-transfer catalysts to be avoided. Optimised operating conditions (temperature, reaction time, separation process) have been defined and applied to evaluate the industrial practicability. The main interest of the present work is the easy recovery of pure adipic acid and the reuse of the reaction media (surfactant and catalyst). This shows promise for developing a future green industrial process that will enable greenhouse gas emissions (N2O), among others, to be reduced.
The Role of Specific Subjects in Education Production Functions: Evidence from Morning Classes in Chicago Public High Schools
Authors: Cortes Kalena E. , Bricker Jesse , Rohlfs Chris 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Absences in Chicago Public High Schools are 4-7 days per year higher in first period than at other times of the day. This study exploits this empirical regularity and the essentially random variation between students in the ordering of classes over the day to measure how the returns to classroom learning vary by course subject, and how much attendance in one class spills over into learning in other subjects. We find that having a class in first period significantly reduces grades in that course but does not affect grades in related subjects. We also find that having math in first period reduces test scores in all subjects and reduces grades in future math classes. These effects are particularly large for black students. For classes other than math, we find little effect of having the class in first period on test scores or long-term grades.