bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of community-directed treatment on soil transmitted helminth infections in children aged 12 to 59 months in Mazabuka District, Zambia
Authors: HALWINDI HIKABASA , MAGNUSSEN PASCAL , SIZIYA SETER , HANDEMA RAY , MEYROWITSCH DAN W. , OLSEN ANNETTE 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYThis study assessed the impact of adding community-directed treatment (ComDT) to the routine health facility (HF)-based treatment on prevalence and intensity of soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections among children aged 12 to 59 months. Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted among randomly selected children of this age group from the intervention area (HF+ComDT area) and the comparison area (HF area) at baseline (n=986), 12 months (n=796) and 18 months (n=788) follow-up. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was significantly higher in the HF+ComDT as compared to the HF area at baseline (P=0·048), but not at 12 and 18 months follow-up. At baseline the HF+ComDT area had significantly higher intensities of A. lumbricoides compared to the HF area (P<0·001), but not at 12 and 18 months follow-ups. Prevalence and intensity of hookworm did not differ significantly between treatment arms at any time. Analysis of trends showed a significant decrease in prevalence of A. lumbricoides and hookworm in the HF+ComDT area (P<0·001), of hookworm in the HF area (P<0·05), but not of A. lumbricoides in the HF area. It is concluded that the ComDT approach generally enhanced the treatment effect among under-five year children and that this alternative approach may also have advantages in other geographical settings.
An attempt to use ectoparasites as tags for habitat occupancy by small mammalian hosts in central Europe: effects of host gender, parasite taxon and season
Authors: KRASNOV BORIS R. , STANKO MICHAL , MORAND SERGE 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYObjective.We used data on fleas and gamasid mites parasitic on 8 species of small mammals to test whether (a) species composition of ectoparasite infracommunities may be used to predict host habitat occupancy and (b) the accuracy of this prediction differs between ectoparasite taxa, host genders and seasons.Methods.We used a Random Forests algorithm that is based on the methodology of classification trees.Results.The accuracy of prediction of habitat occupancy was relatively low and varied substantially among host species. The combined rate of the correct prediction of host habitat occupancy from data on ectoparasites was significantly higher than 50%, albeit being relatively low. The accuracy of prediction (a) did not differ between male and female hosts when it was based on species composition of fleas in summer or of mites in summer and winter, (b) was significantly higher in male hosts than in female hosts when the winter data on fleas were used and (c) was significantly higher for flea than mite assemblages. The effect of season was found in mites but not in fleas with the accuracy of prediction being significantly higher in summer than in winter assemblages.Conclusions.Ectoparasites appeared to be not especially useful as biological markers for distinguishing host populations in different habitats in temperate zones.
God and the ontological foundation of morality
Authors: MORRISTON WES 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn recent years, William Lane Craig has vigorously championed a moral argument for God's existence. The backbone of Craig's argument is the claim that only God can provide a ‘sound foundation in reality’ for morality. The present article has three principal aims. The first is to interpret and clarify the account of the ontological foundation of morality proposed by Craig. The second is to press home an important objection to that account. The third is to expose the weakness of Craig's case for saying that without God morality would be groundless and illusory.
The research interview as a test: Alignment to boundary, topic, and interactional leeway in parental accounts of a child protection procedure
Authors: Slembrouck Stef 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article concentrates on how interviewees experience the context of semi-structured or open interviews as a “test,” both in terms of being an interviewee and in terms of the roles presupposed in what the interview is about. It invites a reflexive discourse-analytical turn in which we concentrate on the interactional negotiation of various aspects of the interview situation and the interview as an interactional accomplishment. The focus is on the implications for the status of the data that was subsequently obtained, with an eye to locating “the social forces that impress on the ethnographic locale” (Burawoy 1998:15). Insights obtained in this way are argued to bear directly on our understanding of the central research topic under investigation. The data used here have been drawn from a research project on social class and coding orientations in experiential accounts of child protection in Belgium/Flanders. The data base consists of interviews with parent clients. (Data histories, narrative, interview as test, social class, child protection, ethnographic reflexivity)
Chronotopes of story and storytelling event in interviews
Authors: Perrino Sabina 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNarratives in interviews involve the alignment of twochronotopes(Bakhtin's term, literally ‘time-space’) or what has traditionally been termed the narrated and narrating events. While narrators are expected to separate the there-and-then narrated-event chronotope from the here-and-now narrating-event chronotope, tropic forms ofcoevalalignment exist that erase or blur the line between the two events, as if they were occurring in the same time and place. In this article I argue for the need to map these shifting alignments in interviews. This article begins with, but then moves beyond, the familiar case of the “historical present,” where narrators shift into using nonpast temporal deixis for past events. Drawing first on an oral narrative from Italy, I show how resources besides the historical present can produce similar alignment effects. In order to demonstrate more extreme forms of coeval alignment, I then compare these data with those from a Senegalese narrator in Dakar who transposes participants “into” his stories. Through this comparison I illustrate how cross-chronotope alignment reveals the way narrators manage the relationship between story and event in interviews. Mapping these shifting alignments can help illuminate the emergent relations between interviewer and interviewee and hence show how stories reflect and shape the interview context in which they occur. (Narrative, interview, chronotope, historical present, Italian, Senegal)*
‘No more Hoares to Paris’: British foreign policymaking and the Abyssinian Crisis, 1935
Authors: HOLT ANDREW 
Published: February 2011

AbstractItaly's invasion of Abyssinia in October 1935 prompted a major European crisis. This article applies the main theories of foreign policy analysis to the British Government's handling of this crisis. It argues that bureaucratic politics existed, but had little impact on outcomes. Domestic politics had more influence, but did not provide detailed instructions on how to act. The perceptions of key actors, informed by reasoned judgement, determined this. Fears of the threat posed by rival states coalesced with concerns about Britain's own military weakness, leading decision-makers to emphasise the need to act in tandem with France. British policy was therefore motivated by the tension between the public's desire to see action against Italy and the Government's wish to minimise any breach with her allies. These findings highlight the weaknesses of the bureaucratic politics model and show how domestic politics can affect foreign policy outcomes. They also demonstrate the interaction between rational analysis defined in terms of reasoned judgement, and actors' perceptions. It is thus argued that benefits are to be gleaned from combining these theories.
A long-term serological survey on Aujeszky's disease virus infections in wild boar in East Germany
Authors: PANNWITZ G. , FREULING C. , DENZIN N. , SCHAARSCHMIDT U. , NIEPER H. , HLINAK A. , BURKHARDT S. , KLOPRIES M. , DEDEK J. , HOFFMANN L. , KRAMER M. , SELHORST T. , CONRATHS F. J. , METTENLEITER T. , MÜLLER T. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYBetween 1985 and 2008, a total of 102 387 wild boar sera originating from Eastern Germany covering an area of 108 589 km2 were tested for the presence of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV)-specific antibodies. From 1985 until 1991 and from 1992 until 2008, wild boar sera were exclusively investigated using either conventional seroneutralization assays (n=39 621) or commercial gB and full antigen ELISAs (n=62 766), respectively. Spatial-temporal analysis revealed an increasing ADV seroprevalence from 0·4% to 15·9%, on average, during the 24-year observation period that went along with a continuous spread of the infection in a western direction. During 2006 and 2008, 18% of the 66 affected districts had ADV seroprevalences >30%. There was a significant correlation between ADV seroprevalence and the hunting index of population density (HIPD) of wild boar in the entire study area, although this did not hold true for some regions. Seroprevalences did not differ between sexes but were age-dependent. East Germany has been officially free of Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) in domestic pigs since 1985. Although a risk for domestic pigs cannot be completely ruled out, experience has shown that ADV in domestic pigs could be eliminated although the virus was present in the wild boar population. Despite increasing ADV seroprevalence in the East German wild boar population no spillover infections from wild boar to domestic pigs have been reported. To further trace ADV infections in the wild boar population in Germany, a nationwide serological monitoring programme should be implemented.
Vertical stratification of microbial communities in the Red Sea revealed by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing
Authors: Qian Pei-Yuan , Wang Yong , Lee On On , Lau Stanley C K , Yang Jiangke , Lafi Feras F , Al-Suwailem Abdulaziz , Wong Tim Y H 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal(2011) 5, 507–518; doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.112; published online 29 July 2010 Owing to a typesetting error, the third sentence of the abstract was published incorrectly. The correct sentence is shown below: Significant differences in both bacterial and archaeal diversity were observed in the upper (20 and 50 m) and deeper layers (200 and 1500 m).
A revision of daily egg production estimation methods, with application to Atlanto-Iberian sardine. 1. Daily spawning synchronicity and estimates of egg mortality
Authors: Bernal Miguel , Stratoudakis Yorgos , Wood Simon , Ibaibarriaga Leire , Uriarte Andres , Valdés Luis , Borchers David 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Bernal, M., Stratoudakis, Y., Wood, S., Ibaibarriaga, L., Uriarte, A., Valdés, L., and Borchers, D. 2011. A revision of daily egg production estimation methods, with application to Atlanto-Iberian sardine. 1. Daily spawning synchronicity and estimates of egg mortality. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: . Assumptions of daily spawning synchronicity and estimation of egg mortality for Atlanto-Iberian sardine are revised in the context of daily estimators of egg production. An extensive database of ichthyoplankton surveys from 1985 to 2008, aggregated at different levels, is used, a set of mortality models is derived, and a comparison among them is carried out using standard statistical techniques. Analysis of the database shows Atlanto-Iberian sardine to be a late-evening spawner, in agreement with previous knowledge, but suggests a lengthier daily period of spawning. Comparison among the set of mortality models used suggests that estimates of mortality from single surveys for Atlanto-Iberian sardine are often unreliable, and that the mean estimates obtained after aggregating data from various years are statistically significant, more robust, and in line with existing information gathered from the literature.
A revision of daily egg production estimation methods, with application to Atlanto-Iberian sardine. 2. Spatially and environmentally explicit estimates of egg production
Authors: Bernal Miguel , Stratoudakis Yorgos , Wood Simon , Ibaibarriaga Leire , Valdés Luis , Borchers David 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Bernal, M., Stratoudakis, Y., Wood, S., Ibaibarriaga, L., Uriarte, A., Valdés, L., and Borchers, D. 2011. A revision of daily egg production estimation methods, with application to Atlanto-Iberian sardine. 2. Spatially and environmentally explicit estimates of egg production. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: . A spatially and environmentally explicit egg production model is developed to accommodate a number of assumptions about the relationship between egg production and mortality and associated environmental variables. The general model was tested under different assumptions for Atlanto-Iberian sardine. It provides a flexible estimator of egg production, in which a range of assumptions and hypotheses can be tested in a structured manner within a well-defined statistical framework. Application of the model to Atlanto-Iberian sardine increased the precision of the egg production time-series, and allowed improvements to be made in understanding the spatio-temporal variability in egg production, as well as implications for ecology and stock assessment.
Integration of biological, economic, and sociological knowledge by Bayesian belief networks: the interdisciplinary evaluation of potential management plans for Baltic salmon
Authors: Levontin Polina , Kulmala Soile , Haapasaari Päivi , Kuikka Sakari 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Levontin, P., Kulmala, S., Haapasaari, P., and Kuikka, S. 2011. Integration of biological, economic, and sociological knowledge by Bayesian belief networks: the interdisciplinary evaluation of potential management plans for Baltic salmon. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: . There is a growing need to evaluate fisheries management plans in a comprehensive interdisciplinary context involving stakeholders. The use of a probabilistic management model to evaluate potential management plans for Baltic salmon fisheries is demonstrated. The analysis draws on several scientific studies: a biological stock assessment with integrated economic analysis of the commercial fisheries, an evaluation of recreational fisheries, and a sociological study aimed at understanding stakeholder perspectives and potential commitment to alternative management plans. A Bayesian belief network is used to synthesize the findings from these separate studies and to evaluate the robustness of management decisions to different priorities and various sources of uncertainty. In particular, the importance of sociological studies in quantifying uncertainty about the commitment of fishers to management plans is highlighted by modelling the link between commitment and implementation success. Such analyses, relying on prior knowledge, can forewarn of the consequences of management choices before they are implemented.
Regulation of Seed Germination in the Close Arabidopsis RelativeLepidium sativum: A Global Tissue-Specific Transcript Analysis
Authors: Morris Karl , Linkies Ada , Müller Kerstin , Oracz Krystyna , Wang Xiaofeng , Lynn James R. , Leubner-Metzger Gerhard , Finch-Savage William E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe completion of germination in Lepidium sativum and other endospermic seeds (e.g. Arabidopsis [Arabidopsis thaliana]) is regulated by two opposing forces, the growth potential of the radicle (RAD) and the resistance to this growth from the micropylar endosperm cap (CAP) surrounding it. We show by puncture force measurement that the CAP progressively weakens during germination, and we have conducted a time-course transcript analysis of RAD and CAP tissues throughout this process. We have also used specific inhibitors to investigate the importance of transcription, translation, and posttranslation levels of regulation of endosperm weakening in isolated CAPs. Although the impact of inhibiting translation is greater, both transcription and translation are required for the completion of endosperm weakening in the whole seed population. The majority of genes expressed during this process occur in both tissues, but where they are uniquely expressed, or significantly differentially expressed between tissues, this relates to the functions of the RAD as growing tissue and the CAP as a regulator of germination through weakening. More detailed analysis showed that putative orthologs of cell wall-remodeling genes are expressed in a complex manner during CAP weakening, suggesting distinct roles in the RAD and CAP. Expression patterns are also consistent with the CAP being a receptor for environmental signals influencing germination. Inhibitors of the aspartic, serine, and cysteine proteases reduced the number of isolated CAPs in which weakening developed, and inhibition of the 26S proteasome resulted in its complete cessation. This indicates that targeted protein degradation is a major control point for endosperm weakening.
Quantitative trait loci for clinical mastitis on chromosomes 2, 6, 14 and 20 in Norwegian Red cattle
Authors: Sodeland M. , Kent M. P. , Olsen H. G. , Opsal M. A. , Svendsen M. , Sehested E. , Hayes B. J. , Lien S. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryMastitis is the most frequent and costly disease in dairy production and solutions leading to a reduction in the incidence of mastitis are highly demanded. Here a genome‐wide association study was performed to identify polymorphisms affecting susceptibility to mastitis. Genotypes for 17 349 SNPs distributed across the 29 bovine autosomal chromosomes from a total of 2589 sires with 1 389 776 daughters with records on clinical mastitis were included in the analysis. Records of occurrence of clinical mastitis were divided into seven time periods in the first three lactations in order to identify quantitative trait loci affecting mastitis susceptibility in particular phases of lactation. The most convincing results from the association mapping were followed up and validated by a combined linkage disequilibrium and linkage analysis. The study revealed quantitative trait loci affecting occurrence of clinical mastitis in the periparturient period on chromosomes 2, 6 and 20 and a quantitative trait locus affecting occurrence of clinical mastitis in late lactation on chromosome 14. None of the quantitative trait loci for clinical mastitis detected in the study seemed to affect lactation average of somatic cell score. The SNPs highly associated with clinical mastitis lie near both the gene encoding interleukin 8 on chromosome 6 and the genes encoding the two interleukin 8 receptors on chromosome 2.
Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with atherogenic changes in lipoprotein particle number and size independent of body weight
Authors: Sidhwani Seema , Scoccia Bert , Sunghay Shwetha , Stephens‐Archer Chantale N. , Mazzone Theodore , Sam Susan 
Published: February 2011

SummaryObjective  Adverse changes in lipoprotein particle number and size are common with insulin resistance and are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Comprehensive information regarding lipoprotein particle number and size, and how these parameters relate to body weight, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia is lacking in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We tested the hypothesis that PCOS is associated with atherogenic changes in lipoprotein profile independent of body weight and examined the role of insulin resistance and androgens in these atherogenic changes.Design  Case–control study performed at Clinical Research Center at an Academic Medical Center in the United States.Patients and measurements  Fasting blood was obtained from 25 PCOS and 25 control women of similar age and body mass index (BMI). Lipoprotein particle number and size was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and compared between the groups.Results  The mean BMI for both groups was <30 kg/m2 (P = 0·33). Women with PCOS had an increase in very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle number (P = 0·005), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) particle number (P = 0·02) and a decrease in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) size (P = 0·04). LDL size was borderline decreased (P = 0·09). These differences persisted after adjustment for ethnicity, alcohol and tobacco intake and exercise. In stepwise regression models, bioavailable testosterone was the only predictor of LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL and LDL particle number. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was the only predictor of LDL and HDL size.Conclusions  Independent of body weight, PCOS was associated with changes in lipoprotein profile that increases risk for cardiovascular disease. These changes were present in a mostly nonobese group of women and were more closely related to androgens than fasting insulin.
Intent to stay in nursing: internal and external migration in Hungary
Authors: Ujvarine Adrienn S , Zrinyi Miklos , Toth Helga , Zekanyne Ilona R , Szogedi Ildiko , Betlehem Jozsef 
Published: February 2011

Aims.  To estimate the proportion of nurses in Hungary who intend to change their profession or want to migrate abroad; to compare the proportion of nurses who intend to leave nursing in Hungary and in selected European countries; and to describe factors that predict nurses’ intent to work in their current job another year.Design.  An exploratory research design with subsequent comparison was used, and a cross‐sectional mail survey was implemented.Methods.  Measures of intent to leave, to work another year as well as indicators of push and pull factors were identified and adopted from a literature review. One thousand nurses were randomly selected and mailed a questionnaire. Comparison was made with the results from the NEXT study. For statistical analyses, linear and logistic regression was used to predict nurses’ intention to leave and proportional z‐test for making comparisons.Results.  Nurses (n = 754) responded the questionnaire. Approximately half of the sample did not consider changing to another health care job or leaving the profession. Compared with Hungary, the proportion of nurses who intended to leave nursing was significantly lower in Belgium and the Netherlands but was greater or the same in the rest of the European countries. Speaking a foreign language was the most significant predictor of working abroad for Hungarian nurses. Number of shifts, satisfaction with flexible scheduling and managerial support were all relevant predictors of working another year as a nurse.Conclusions.  Both the intent to leave nursing and migrating abroad were prevalent issues in Hungary. Working conditions and social/managerial support were key factors identified as strong predictors of stay in the same job for another year. Compared with other European countries, Hungary was not in a worse position in the proportion of nurses wanting to leave nursing.Relevance to clinical practice.  All hospital managers and head nurses should be aware of their role in keeping nurses in the clinical practice and avoid staff nurses migration from the Hungarian health care system.