bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the antimicrobial activity of Ulmo honey from Chile and Manuka honey against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Authors: Sherlock Orla , Dolan Anthony , Athman Rahma , Power Alice , Gethin Georgina , Cowman Seamus , Humphreys Hilary 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundHoney has previously been shown to have wound healing and antimicrobial properties, but this is dependent on the type of honey, geographical location and flower from which the final product is derived. We tested the antimicrobial activity of a Chilean honey made byApis mellifera(honeybee) originating from the Ulmo tree (Eucryphia cordifolia), against selected strains of bacteria.MethodsUlmo 90 honey was compared with manuka UMF®25+ (Comvita®) honey and a laboratory synthesised (artificial) honey. An agar well diffusion assay and a 96 well minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) spectrophotometric-based assay were used to assess antimicrobial activity against five strains of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA),Escherichia coliandPseudomonas aeruginosa.ResultsInitial screening with the agar diffusion assay demonstrated that Ulmo 90 honey had greater antibacterial activity against all MRSA isolates tested than manuka honey and similar activity againstE. coliandP. aeruginosa. The MIC assay, showed that a lower MIC was observed with Ulmo 90 honey (3.1% - 6.3% v/v) than with manuka honey (12.5% v/v) for all five MRSA isolates. For theE. coliandPseudomonasstrains equivalent MICs were observed (12.5% v/v). The MIC for artificial honey was 50% v/v. The minimum bactericidal concentration for all isolates tested for Ulmo 90 honey was identical to the MIC. Unlike manuka honey, Ulmo 90 honey activity is largely due to hydrogen peroxide production.ConclusionsDue to its high antimicrobial activity, Ulmo 90 may warrant further investigation as a possible alternative therapy for wound healing.
Identification of tumor-associated cassette exons in human cancer through EST-based computational prediction and experimental validation
Authors: Valletti Alessio , Anselmo Anna , Mangiulli Marina , Boria Ilenia , Mignone Flavio , Merla Giuseppe , D'Angelo Vincenzo , Tullo Apollonia , Sbisà Elisabetta , D'Erchia Anna Maria , Pesole Graziano 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Many evidences report that alternative splicing, the mechanism which produces mRNAs and proteins with different structures and functions from the same gene, is altered in cancer cells. Thus, the identification and characterization of cancer-specific splice variants may give large impulse to the discovery of novel diagnostic and prognostic tumour biomarkers, as well as of new targets for more selective and effective therapies.

Results
We present here a genome-wide analysis of the alternative splicing pattern of human genes through a computational analysis of normal and cancer-specific ESTs from seventeen anatomical groups, using data available in AspicDB, a database resource for the analysis of alternative splicing in human. By using a statistical methodology, normal and cancer-specific genes, splice sites and cassette exons were predicted in silico. The condition association of some of the novel normal/tumoral cassette exons was experimentally verified by RT-qPCR assays in the same anatomical system where they were predicted. Remarkably, the presence in vivo of the predicted alternative transcripts, specific for the nervous system, was confirmed in patients affected by glioblastoma.

Conclusion
This study presents a novel computational methodology for the identification of tumor-associated transcript variants to be used as cancer molecular biomarkers, provides its experimental validation, and reports specific biomarkers for glioblastoma.
Quadricuspid aortic valve by using intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Xiao Zhenghua , Meng Wei , Zhang Eryong 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Quadricuspid aortic valve is a rare congenital malformation of the aortic valve. Its diagnosis is often missed even with the use of transthoracic echocardiogram. Many of these patients progress to aortic incompetence later in life, hence requiring surgical intervention.
In the case described in this report, a 61-year-old woman is presented with the features of congestive heart failure. The preoperative transthoracic echocardiogram disclosed a moderate to severe aortic valve insufficiency but failed to reveal the quadricuspid aortic value anomaly. This case underscores the important role of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography for the diagnosis of quadricuspid aortic valve.
Anomalous H/D Isotope Effect on 35Cl NQR Frequencies and H/D Isotope Effect on 1H MAS NMR Spectra in Pyrrolidinium p-Chlorobenzoate
Authors: Nakano Ryo , Honda Hisashi , Kimura Taiki , Kyo Shin-shin , Ishimaru Shin’ichi , Miyake Ryosuke , Nakata Eiichi , Takamizawa Satoshi , Noro Sumiko 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
An anomalous isotope effect was observed in the 35Cl NQR frequency of pyrrolidinium p-chlorobenzoate (C4H8NH2+·ClC6H4COO−) by deuterium substitution of hydrogen atoms which form two kinds of N–H···O type hydrogen bonds. Large negative frequency shifts of the 35Cl resonance lines, reaching 309 kHz at 77 K and 267 kHz at 293 K, were obtained upon deuteration, although the Cl atom in the molecule formed no hydrogen bonds in the crystal. 1H MAS NMR lines showed significant changes by the deuterium substitution, while in contrast, small shifts of 13C CP/MAS NMR signals were obtained. Our measurements of 1H NMR spin–lattice relaxation times (T1) suggested that the H/D isotope shifts detected from the 35Cl NQR frequencies and 1H NMR spectra are due to structural changes rather than molecular dynamics. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements showed two remarkable H/D isotope differences in the molecular arrangements, (i) the N–H length along the crystallographic a axis became 1 pm shorter, and (ii) the dihedral angle between benzene and the pyrrolidine ring changed by 1.1(2)° upon deuteration. Using density functional theory estimations, the anomalous 35Cl NQR frequency shifts and 1H MAS NMR line-shape changes could be explained by the dihedral angle change rather than the N–H length difference.
Unusual extraction of plutonium(IV) from uranium(VI) and americium(III) using phosphonate based task specific ionic liquid
Authors: Rout A. , Venkatesan K. A. , Srinivasan T. G. , Vasudeva Rao P. R. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
A task specific ionic liquid (TSIL), diethyl-2-(3-methylimidazolium)ethylphosphonate bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, ImPNTf2, was synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, mass and IR spectroscopy. Extraction of Pu(IV), U(VI) and Am(III) from nitric acid medium by a solution of ImPNTf2 in room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (alkyl = butyl or octyl), was studied as a function of concentrations of nitric acid, ImPNTf2 and temperature. The distribution ratio of Pu(IV) in ImPNTf2/bmimNTf2 decreased with increase in the concentration of nitric acid reached a minimum around 4−5 M in nitric acid followed by increase. The stoichiometry of Pu(IV)-ImPNTf2 was determined by the slope analysis of extraction data. In contrast to Pu(IV) extraction, the distribution ratios of Am(III) and U(VI) in ImPNTf2/amimNTf2 and amimNTf2 were significantly low at all nitric acid concentrations that led to unusually high separation factors for plutonium(IV) from other actinides. Viscosity of ionic liquid phase at various temperatures, and enthalpy change accompanied by the extraction of plutonium(IV) were determined and the results are reported in this paper.
Cesium sorption on studtite (UO2O2·4H2O)
Authors: Giménez Javier , Martínez-Lladó Xavier , Rovira Miquel , de Pablo Joan , Casas Ignasi , Sureda Rosa , Martinez-Esparza Aurora 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOne of the mechanisms that may decrease the mobility of cesium released from spent fuel in a high level nuclear waste repository (HLNW) is its sorption onto uranyl-containing alteration phases formed on the spent fuel surface such as studtite (UO2O2·4H2O). The results obtained in this work show that sorption is a very fast process; cesium in solution is sorbed in less than one hour at pH 5. Sorption as a function of initial concentration in solution was also studied between initial cesium concentrations ranging from 7.6×10−9 mol dm−3to 1.0×10−3 mol dm−3. The data have been modelled considering a Freundlich isotherm, withKFandnvalues of 10±1, and 1.4±0.1, respectively (r2=0.998). Sorption is very dependent on ionic strength, suggesting that cesium sorbs onto studtite by forming an outer-sphere complex involving electrostatic interactions. Sorption is observed to be very low at acidic pH, while relatively high at alkaline pH (i.e., almost 60% of the total cesium concentration in solution is sorbed at pH>9). The results point to the importance of sorption processes on uranyl alteration phases on the retention of radionuclides.
Studies on hydrolysis and radiolysis of tetra(2-ethylhexyl)diglycolamide (TEHDGA)/isodecyl alcohol/n-dodecane solvent system
Authors: Sharma J. N. , Ruhela R. , Singh K. K. , Kumar Manoj , Janardhanan C. , Achutan P. V. , Manohar S. , Wattal P. K. , Suri A. K. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
To establish the use of TEHDGA/isodecylalcohol/n-dodecane solvent system for actinide partitioning from HLW, the hydrolytic and radiolytic stability of the solvent was investigated. Hydrolysis of TEHDGA with nitric acid at room temperature was not observed. Radiolytic degradation was observed and found to increase with increase in absorbed dose. It was found that the presence of n-dodecane enhances the degradation of TEHDGA whereas isodecyl alcohol, the phase modifier, has no such effect. At gamma-radiation dose as high as 0.2 MGy, no significant loss of TEHDGA was observed. The degradation products were identified by GC-MS, the main products were formed by cleavage of ether and amide bonds of TEHDGA molecule. The extraction behavior of Am(III) at 4.0 M HNO3 does not vary much with increase in absorbed dose, however stripping behavior is affected by the presence of acidic degradation products formed during radiolysis. The findings indicate that the solvent retains its expected extraction and stripping properties up to a high gamma-radiation dose of 0.2 MGy. Irradiated solvent was purified and made suitable for reuse by treating it with 5% w/v Na2CO3 solution, basic alumina and finally by distillation at reduced pressure.
Präzise Radarfüllstandsmessungen in Schwallrohren
Authors: Denicke Eckhard , Armbrecht Gunnar , Rolfes Ilona 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der geführten Radarentfernungsmessung in Schwall- bzw. Bypassrohren im Bereich der industriellen Prozessmesstechnik zur exakten und zuverlässigen Füllstandsbestimmung in Tankanlagen. Ziel ist es, in der hoch dispersiven Umgebung der Rohre, welche aufgrund ihrer Größe als übermodete Rundhohlleiter fungieren, eine submillimetergenaue Füllstandsbestimmung zu erreichen. Normalerweise verursacht die in diesem Szenario auftretende Ausbreitung mehrerer Moden eine starke Herabsetzung der Messgenauigkeit. In dieser Veröffentlichung werden daher die Effekte der messfehlerverursachenden intermodalen Dispersion grundsätzlich untersucht und basierend darauf zwei unterschiedliche Lösungsansätze präsentiert, um die Nachteile dieser Messumgebung hinsichtlich des dispersiven Ausbreitungsverhaltens von elektromagnetischen Feldverteilungen zu umgehen. Auf der einen Seite wird ein Prototyp eines neuartigen Konzepts für kompakte, modenerhaltende Wellenleiterübergänge präsentiert. Dieses Konzept vermeidet wirkungsvoll die Anregung höherer Moden im Schwallrohr und ermöglicht gleichzeitig die Anwendung herkömmlicher, eigentlich für den Freiraum optimierter, wenig rechenintensiver Signalverarbeitungsalgorithmen. Auf der anderen Seite wird ein alternativer korrelationsbasierter Signalverarbeitungsalgorithmus präsentiert. Der Algorithmus ist in der Lage, die bisher als parasitär eingestuften Dispersionseffekte auszunutzen, um die Messgenauigkeit in Verbindung mit einfachen bzw. willkürlich ausgewählten Wellenleiterübergängen zu verbessern. Der Trade-off zwischen der Komplexität der Signalverarbeitung und dem Aufwand für den Wellenleiterübergang wird hervorgehoben und diskutiert. Um die Leistungsfähigkeit beider Ansätze zu zeigen, werden Messergebnisse im Frequenzbereich von 8,5 bis 10,5 GHz für unterschiedliche Arten von Wellenleiterübergängen präsentiert.
Structure and Optical Characterization of Nanocrystalline Silicon Thin Films for Solar Cells
Authors: Morisawa Ryo , Shirakura Akira , Du Chen-Chung , Huang Jen-Rong , Liang Muh-Wang , Wu David Ch , Suzuki Tetsuya 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEffects of very high frequency- plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (VHF-PECVD) using diluted ultrapure silane at higher dilution ratio (R>30) on microstructures and optical characteristics of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) film were studied. Nanocrystalline silicon films were prepared by at RF power ranging from 50 to 300 W. It was found that the transition from amorphous phase to nanocrystalline phase occurred between 100 W and 150 W. The nucleation mechanism toward nc-Si:H near the transition point of amorphous phase was discussed based on transmission electron microscopy with atomic scale. Further, it is suggested from UV-visible spectroscopy that nc-Si:H films with the best optical properties would be obtained near the transition point from the amorphous phase to the crystalline phase.
Tailoring Sol-Gel Transition Processes for the Design of Novel Shape Metal Oxide Materials
Authors: Jarvekulg Martin , Välbe Raul , Utt Kathriin , Timusk Martin , Tätte Tanel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn present paper we describe some unconventional adaptions of sol-gel method. Controlled sol-gel transformation processes of metal alkoxide based systems can lead to various novel shapes of metal alkoxide materials. Formation of different structures like tubular microstructures by gel sheet rolling, nano- and microfibres by direct drawing, as well as microtubes of metal oxides and gel dispersed liquid crystal materials are described. Different aspects of sol-gel processes leading to the formation of all of these structures are thereby discussed.
A Strategy to Simulate the Dynamics of Molecular Assemblies Over Long Times
Authors: Su Julius Tsu-Li 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe propose a strategy to simulate the dynamics of molecular assemblies over long times, provided they have a hierarchical and modular nature. In the scheme, fast fluctuations are averaged into a set of effective potentials (fluctuation softened potentials or FSPs), and the remaining slower dynamics are propagated in a drastically reduced configuration space (coupled energy landscapes or CEL). As a preliminary validation of the FSPs we compute the free energy of binding of a protein complex (RNase:barstar) for different relative positionings of the proteins. As a demonstration of CEL, we simulate the dynamics of microtubule unraveling upon hydrolysis of bound nucleotides. The method should allow the use of time steps hundreds to thousands of times longer than in conventional molecular dynamics, so that with only atomic structures and interactions as input, motions over human time scales (>ms) could be simulated.
Determination of Intrinsic Dip and Azimuth From LWD Azimuthal-Propagation Resistivity Measurements in Anisotropic Formations
Authors: Fang S.. , Merchant A.. , Hart E.. , Kirkwood A.. 
Published: September 2010

Summary
With the use of both azimuthal-propagation-resistivity (APR) and main- and cross-component data, the resistivity anisotropy and its dip and azimuth angles of a massive formation (anisotropic shale or laminated sand) can be determined. The accuracy of the determined parameters depends on the amount of available data. The minimum amount of data required is two frequency main components and real and quadrature cross components. The boundary effects will distort the solution eventually; however, the anisotropy-enhanced processing will minimize the effects to extend the algorithm to a certain distance away from a boundary.
Realizing Value From Real-Time Well Monitoring in Greenfield Assets
Authors: Feineman David R. 
Published: September 2010

Summary
BP's proprietary Integrated Surveillance Information System (ISIS) was deployed globally starting in 2006. The system delivers wellperformance data to petroleum engineers in field and office sites in near real time. The paper presents two case studies on implementing remote well-performance monitoring on two greenfield assets in Africa and Asia where distance, national culture, and language differences must be addressed as part of a technology rollout. On the basis of these case studies, there is evidence that greenfield assets can adopt new ways of working and technology that allow them to surpass the performance on similar brownfield projects.
Optimization of Smart Wells in the St. Joseph Field
Authors: van Essen G. M. , Jansen J. D. , Brouwer D. R. , Douma S. G. , Zandvliet M. J. , Rollett K. I. , Harris D. P 
Published: September 2010

Summary
The St. Joseph field has been on production since September 1981 under natural depletion supported by crestal gas injection. As part of a major redevelopment study, the scope for waterflooding was addressed using "smart" completions with multiple inflow control valves (ICVs) in the wells to be drilled for the redevelopment. Optimal control theory was used to optimize monetary value over the remaining producing life of the field, and in particular to select the optimal number of ICVs, the optimal configuration of the perforation zones, and the optimal operational strategies for the ICVs. A gradient-based optimization technique was implemented in a reservoir simulator equipped with the adjoint functionality to compute gradients of an objective function with respect to control parameters. For computational reasons, an initial optimization study was performed on a sector model, which showed promising results.
Smart-Well Production Optimization Using an Ensemble-Based Method
Authors: Su Ho-Jeen , Oliver Dean S. 
Published: September 2010

Summary
Ensemble methods have been applied successfully in assisted history matching and in production optimization. In history matching, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has been used to estimate the values of hundreds of thousands of variables from various types of data. In production optimization, an ensemble-based method has been used to estimate optimal control settings for problems with thousands of control variables. In both cases, relatively small numbers of random realizations are used to compute update directions for improving estimates.
In this paper, we illustrate the application of the ensemble-based optimization on two fairly complex problems that would be difficult to handle by other methods. In the first example, we show its application to optimize inflow-control-valve (ICV) settings on two horizontal wells in a sector model of 200,000 cells. One hundred layers were used in the reservoir model to capture geological heterogeneity. The two wells were drilled parallel to the edgewater boundary. The optimization objective in this example is to minimize cumulative water production over a 10-year production period while maintaining a constant liquid-production rate. Results after only five optimization iterations with improved control-valve settings showed a 50% reduction in cumulative water production. The fully automated optimization process was completed within a few hours under a parallel-computing environment.
The ensemble-based method was also applied successfully to a 3D case consisting of 10 multilateral wells with ICVs installed at each lateral junction. The interaction of various laterals is difficult to visualize, but the optimization algorithm was again successful in reducing water production. In this example, we demonstrate that proper choice of control variables can be important to the success of the optimization.
Numerical Modeling of Rock/Casing Interaction in Radioactive-Marker Boreholes of the Northern Adriatic Basin, Italy
Authors: Castelletto N.. , Ferronato M.. , Gambolati G.. , Janna C.. , Teatini P.. 
Published: September 2010

Summary
The possible influence of the well casing in reservoir-deformation measurements by the radioactive-marker technique (RMT) is investigated. The issue is quite important because RMT data may be used for a most-representative estimate of the in-situ vertical rock compressibility cM (i.e., a basic parameter to predict the land settlement caused by gas-/oilfield development or the land uplift caused by underground fluid injection). A geomechanical finite-element (FE) model is implemented to evaluate the disturbance caused by the stiffness of the steel casing and the surrounding cement on the amount of deformation around the borehole as detected by RMT. The FE model is integrated by a class of elastoplastic interface FEs (IFEs) specifically designed to account for the potential sliding of the different materials (i.e., along the contact surfaces between the steel casing and the cement, and the cement and the exploited formation). The numerical simulations make use of real casing data and geomechanical information from the Northern Adriatic basin, Italy. The results show that sliding is not likely to occur along the contact surfaces and that RMT appears to be a reliable tool for assessing the actual geomechanical properties of the depleted formation at a depth larger than 1000 m, where the in-situ deformation is negligibly affected by the casing stiffness. In shallow softer units, the compaction as measured by RMT is influenced progressively by casing, with a corresponding likely underestimate of cM.
Review of Thermal Recovery Technologies for the Clearwater and Lower Grand Rapids Formations in the Cold Lake Area in Alberta
Authors: Jiang Qi , Thornton Bruce , Russel-Houston Jen , Spence Steve 
Published: September 2010

Summary
Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS) has been a commercial recovery process since the mid 1980s in the Cold Lake area in northeast Alberta. The current bitumen production is over 220,000 B/D using CSS from this area. To achieve desired injectivity in the bitumen saturated reservoir, steam is usually injected at a pressure above or close to the fracture pressure of the formation. A relatively high pressure drawdown is created between the wellbore and formation during the production phase, particularly in the early stage of the production cycle where formation compaction and solution gas drive are the two most important recovery mechanisms. The CSS process has limited application in reservoirs with thick bottom water or in reservoirs with fine grain sands.
The Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process has been field tested and commercially expanded in the Lower Grand Rapids and Clearwater Formations in the Cold Lake area. In contrast to CSS, SAGD is a continuous steam injection process that relies on gravity and requires a minimum pressure drawdown to drive the reservoir fluids to the wellbore. This provides a significant advantage for SAGD as an option for the reservoirs with bottom water, top gas or with formations with fine grain sands. Several SAGD projects are in operation in different types of reservoirs in the Cold Lake and Lloydminster areas; some with thick bottom water zones.
A performance review is conducted based on the available data for various CSS and SAGD projects in the Cold Lake area. The selection criteria between CSS and SAGD technologies for Clearwater and Lower Grand Rapids are discussed. Reservoir modeling results are presented concerning the impact of well placement, reservoir heterogeneity and operating parameters on SAGD performance, based on Osum's Lower Grand Rapids and Clearwater geology in the Cold Lake area.