bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost‐Identification Analysis of Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Dedhia Raj C. , Smith Kenneth J. , Weissfeld Joel L. , Saul Melissa I. , Lee Steve C. , Myers Eugene N. , Johnson Jonas T. 
Published: January 2011

ObjectivesTo understand the contribution of intraoperative and postoperative hospital costs to total hospital costs, examine the costs associated with specific hospital services in the postoperative period, and recognize the impact of patient factors on hospital costs.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingLarge tertiary care teaching hospital system.Subjects and MethodsUsing the Pittsburgh Head and Neck Organ‐Specific Database, 119 patients were identified as having total laryngectomy with bilateral selective neck dissection and primary closure from 1999 to 2009. Cost data were obtained for 112 patients. Costs include fixed and variable costs, adjusted to 2010 US dollars using the Consumer Price Index.ResultsMean total hospital costs were $29 563 (range, $10 915 to $120 345). Operating room costs averaged 24% of total hospital costs, whereas room charges, respiratory therapy, laboratory, pharmacy, and radiology accounted for 38%, 14%, 8%, 7%, and 3%, respectively. Median length of stay was 9 days (range, 6‐43), and median Charlson comorbidity index score was 8 (2‐16). Patients with ≥1 day in the intensive care unit had significantly higher hospital costs ($46 831 vs $24 601, P <. 01). The authors found no significant cost differences with stratification based on previous radiation therapy ($27 598 vs $29 915 with no prior radiation, P =. 62) or hospital readmission within 30 days ($29 483 vs $29 609 without readmission, P =. 97).ConclusionThis is one of few studies in surgery and the first in otolaryngology to analyze hospital costs for a relatively standardized procedure. Further work will include cost analysis from multiple centers with investigation of global cost drivers.
Comprehensive Vestibular and Balance Testing in the Dizzy Pediatric Population
Authors: O’Reilly Robert C. , Greywoode Jewell , Morlet Thierry , Miller Freeman , Henley John , Church Chris , Campbell Jeffrey , Beaman Jason , Cox Anne Marie , Zwicky Emily , Bean Charles , Falcheck Stephen 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveTo describe the spectrum of balance disease in a large population of children presenting to a tertiary care vestibular and balance laboratory.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care pediatric hospital.Main Outcome MeasuresResults of audiometric, vestibular, and balance tests and final diagnosis.Subjects and MethodsRetrospective review of audiometric, vestibular, balance testing, and final diagnosis from a patient database.ResultsBetween September 2003 and September 2007, 132 children were evaluated at the Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Vestibular Disorders Program. Sixty‐nine of the patients were boys and 63 were girls. The average age was 9.7 ± 5.0 years (range, 1‐17 years). Although not all were able to complete the entire test battery (99 children completed at least 50% of the tests in the protocol), a diagnosis was achieved in most cases. The most common diagnoses were peripheral vestibulopathy (29.5%), migraine/benign recurrent vertigo of childhood (24.2%), motor/developmental delay (10.6%), traumatic brain injury (9.8%), and central nervous system structural lesion (9.1%).ConclusionsPeripheral vestibular deficits and migraine disease account for most of the pathology in the pediatric population. With a multidisciplinary approach, diagnosis of the source of vertigo and imbalance is possible in most children.
Carbohydrate-enriched diet impairs cardiac performance by decreasing the utilization of fatty acid and glucose
Authors: Pôrto Laura C.J. , Savergnini Sílvia S.Q. , de Castro Carlos H. , Mario Érica G. , Ferreira Adaliene V.M. , Santos Sérgio H.S. , Andrade Sílvia P. , Santos Robson A.S. , de Almeida Alvair P. , Botion Leida M. 
Published: January 2011

Aims: We hypothesized that a high-carbohydrate diet affects the cardiac performance by interfering in the metabolic steps involved in energy transfer in this organ. To verify this, we investigated the myocardial utilization of different substrates and contractile function in rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet, under normal flow and ischemia. Methods and Results: Male Wistar rats were fed over 9 days with standard (39.5% carbohydrate, 8% fiber) or high-carbohydrate diet (58% carbohydrate) and, afterwards, their cardiac function was examined using isolated heart preparations. The high-carbohydrate diet decreased the activity of the lipoprotein lipase, utilization of fatty acids, expression of the gene of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and its target enzymes. In addition, decreased GLUT4 mass, glucose uptake, glycogen content and glycolytic intermediates were also observed. High-carbohydrate hearts displayed weaker activation of the glycolytic pathway during ischemia, according to minor production of lactate, in relation to control hearts. The functional impairment caused by high-carbohydrate diet shown by the decrease in the ventricular systolic strength, +d T/d t and −d T/d t was, at least in part, due to the low availability of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Conclusion: Our data suggest that a high-carbohydrate diet can damage myocardial contractile function by decreasing the cardiac utilization of glucose and fatty acids and, consequently, the ATP pool.
Dehydration processes in borate minerals: pentahydroborite and nifontovite from Fuka Mine, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Bermanec V. , Tomašić N. , Gobac Ž. Žigovečki , Linarić M. Rajić , Furić K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractData on the dehydration of pentahydroborite, CaB2O(OH)6·2H2O and nifontovite, Ca3B6O6(OH)12·2H2O from the Fuka mine, Japan are presented. Critical temperatures of the dehydration of the borates were determined by thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis measurements. The untreated mineral samples and their heating products were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Upon dehydration, both minerals decompose and undergo amorphization, and at greater temperatures crystallize as an orthorhombic calcium borate, CaB2O4 (Pnca). The dehydration paths of the two minerals are different, with nifontovite showing a greater resistance to decomposition and amorphization than pentahydroborite. Differences in the dehydration processes are related to the residuals of the water content and structural accommodation of the borate polyanion.
Eruption of basaltic magma at Tor Zawar, Balochistan, Pakistan on 27 January 2010: geochemical and petrological constraints on petrogenesis
Authors: Kerr A. C. , Khan M. , McDonald I. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOn 27 January 2010 a small eruption of basaltic lava occurred 75 km NE of Quetta, Pakistan. This was highly unusual – no eruptions from this magmatically inactive area have ever been reported. Two petrographically distinct basalts types were indentified in the vesicular eruptive products. One basalt type consists of completely fresh, light brown glass with a few (<1 vol.%) partially resorbed quartz-rich xenoliths, whereas the other type is non-glassy and the lava is completely devitrified. These types also have slightly different geochemical signatures that can be partially explained by crustal assimilation. Re-melting of local basaltic rocks by short circuiting of a ruptured high-tension electrical cable is considered unlikely. Mantle melt modelling suggests that the lavas have been largely derived from a source in the garnet-spinel transition zone, i.e. well within the lithosphere. It is proposed that localized asthenospheric melting resulted in relatively depleted melts which were substantially contaminated by fusible lithospheric mantle en route to the surface. Further small-scale eruptions cannot be ruled out.
The effect of Al/Si disorder on the bulk moduli of plagioclase feldspars
Authors: Sochalski-Kolbus L. M. , Angel R. J. , Nestola F. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe volumes of a disordered An20 (Qod = 0.15), a disordered An78 (Qod = 0.55) and an ordered An78 (Qod = 0.81) were determined up to 9.569(10) GPa, 8.693(5) GPa and 9.765(10) GPa, respectively, using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The volume variations with pressure for these samples are described with 4th-order Birch Murnaghan equations of state with V0 = 669.88(7) Å3, K0 = 59.7(7) GPa. K′ = 5.7(5), K″ = −0.8(2) GPa−1 for disordered An20, V0 = 1340.48(10) Å3, K0 = 77.6(5) GPa, K0′ = 4.0(3), K″ = -0.59(9) GPa−1 for disordered An78 and V0 = 1339.62(6) A3, K0 = 77.4(6) GPa, K′ = 4.2(4), and K″ = −0.7(1) GPa−1 for ordered An78. Along with data from previous studies (An0 ordered, An0 disordered and An2o ordered), the volumes for the disordered samples were found to be up to ∼0.3% larger than the ordered samples of the same composition. The disordered samples are softer than the ordered samples of the same composition by 4(1)% for An0, 2.5(9)% for An20 and essentially zero for An78. The relationship between volume increase, density decrease, and decreasing bulk modulus with increasing disorder is in accordance with Birch's Law.
Crystal structure and crystal chemistry of fluoro-potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite from Monte Metocha, Xixano region, Mozambique, and discussion of the holotype from Quebec, Canada
Authors: Oberti R. , Boiocchi M. , Hawthorne F. C. , Robinson P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFluoro-potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite, ideally AKBNa2c(Mg4Fe3+)TSi8O22wF2, has been found in a dyke ∼25 km southwest of Monte Metocha, Xixano region, northeastern Mozambique. Fluoro-potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite and low sanidine form a fine-grained mafic, ultrapotassic, peralkaline igneous rock without visible phenocrysts. The amphibole is brittle, has a Mohs hardness of 6 and a splintery fracture; it is non-fluorescent with perfect {110} cleavage and no observable parting, and has a calculated density of 3.174 gcm−3. In plane-polarized light, it is pleochroic, X= pale grey-green, Y = blue-green, Z = pale grey; X ^ c = 23.6° (in β obtuse), Y ‖ b, Z ^ c = 66.4° (in β acute). Fluoro-potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite is biaxial negative, α = 1.652(2), β = 1.658(2), γ = 1.660(2); 2Vobs = 22.5(7)°, 2Vcalc = 30.2°. The unit-cell dimensions are a = 9.9591(4), b = 17.9529(7), c = 5.2867(2) Å, β = 104.340(1)°, V = 919.73(10) Å3, Z = 2. The nine strongest X-ray diffraction lines in the experimental powder pattern are: [d in Å(I)(hkl)]: 2.716(100)(151), 3.410(70)(131), 8.475(50)(110), 3.178(50)(310), 3.309(30)(240), 2.762(20)(31), 2.549(20)(260), 2.351(10)(51), 2.269(10)(331). Electron microprobe analysis gave: SiO2 54.25, A12O3 0.03, TiO2 1.08, FeO 6.69, Fe2O3 8.07, MgO 13.99, MnO 0.32, ZnO 0.05, CaO 1.16, Na2O 6.33, K2O 5.20, F 2.20, H2Ocalc 0.74, sum 99.18 wt.%. The formula unit, calculated on the basis of 24 (O,OH,F) with (OH+F) = 2−(2 Ti), is AKa0.98B(Na1.18Ca0.18)∑1.99C(Mg3.07Fe0.832+Mn0.04Al0.01Fe0.903+Ti0.12Zn0.01)∑=4.98TSi8O22W[Fi.o3(OH)0.73O0.24]∑2.00 and confirms the usual pattern of cation order in the amphibole structure. The presence of a significant oxo component (locally balanced by Ti at the M(1) site) is related to the crystallization conditions. The presence of Fe3+ at the T sites, originally suggested for the holotype specimen, is discounted for this amphibole composition.
Fluoro-potassic-pargasite, KCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22F2, from the Tranomaro area, Madagascar: mineral description and crystal chemistry
Authors: Oberti R. , Boiocchi M. , Hawthorne F. C. , Pagano R. , Pagano A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFluoro-potassic-pargasite, ideally AKBCa2C(Mg4Al) (Si6Al2)O22WF2, a new amphibole species, has been found in a skarn in the Tranomaro area, Madgascar. The sample used for the description of the new mineral species is a large single amphibole crystal, 4 mm × 2 mm × 2 cm in size, brownish-black with brownish-yellow phlogopite lamellae adhering to one face of the crystal. Fluoro-potassic-pargasite is brittle, has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 and a splintery fracture; it is non-fluorescent, has perfect {110} cleavage, no observable parting, and has measured and calculated densities of 3.46 and 3.151 g cm−3, respectively. In plane-polarized light, it is pleochroic, X = colourless to very pale grey, Y = very pale grey, Z = colourless; X ^ a = 46.9° (in β obtuse), Y ‖ b, Z ^ c = 31.4° (in β acute). It is biaxial positive, α = 1.638(2), β = 1.641(2), γ = 1.653(2); 2Vobs = 49.6(4)°, 2Vcalc = 53.4°.Fluoro-potassic-pargasite is monoclinic, space group C2/m, a = 9.9104(2), b = 17.9739(4), c = 5.3205(1) Å, β = 105.534(2)°, V = 913.11(6) Å3, Z = 2. The eight strongest lines in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern are [d in Å(I)(hkl)]: 3.133(100)(310), 3.270(55)(240), 2.809(47)(330). 8.413(45)(110), 2.698(39)(151), 3.374(31)(131), 2.934(29)(221) and 1.647(29)(461). Electron microp-robe analysis gives SiO2 40.20, Al2O3 17.61, TiO2 0.46, FeO 1.96, Fe2O3 2.51, MgO 16.95, MnO 0.05, CaO 13.18, Na2O 0.99, K2O 3.72, F 2.75, H2Ocalc 0.77, sum 99.99 wt.%. The formula unit, calculated on the basis of 24 (O,OH,F) with (OH + F) = 2 - (2 × Ti), is A(K0.69Na0.28Ca0.04)∑=1.01BCa2.00C(Mg3.64Fe0.242+Mn0.01Al0.79Fe0.273+Ti0.05)∑=5.00T(Si5.80Al2.20)∑=8.00O22W[F1.26(OH)0.74]∑=2.00. The mineral species and name have been approved by the IMA CMNMC (IMA 2009-091).
K2.9Rb0.1ErSi3O9: a novel, non-centrosymmetric chain silicate and its crystal structure
Authors: Wierzbicka-Wieczorek M. , Kolitsch U. , Nasdala L. , Tillmanns E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe new, non-centrosymmetric chain silicate, K2.9Rb0.1ErSi3O9, was prepared by a high-temperature flux-growth technique, and its crystal structure was determined from single-crystal X-ray intensity data (Mo-Kα, 293 K) in space P1, with a = 6.672(1), b = 6.719(1), c = 6.725(1) Å, α = 108.87(3), β = 106.72(3), γ = 107.61(3)°, V = 245.82(6) Å3, Z = 1, R(F) = 2.81%. The compound represents a novel structure type. K2.9Rb0.1ErSi3O9 is characterized by a mixed octahedral-tetrahedral framework, in which each corner of the isolated ErO6 octahedron (<Er—O> = 2.26 Å) is linked to infinite [Si3O9] chains extending approximately along [111]. This connectivity results in a microporous character with two different, narrow channels that extend parallel to [111] and [100] and host K+ cations. The atomic arrangement is strongly pseudorhombohedral. A single-crystal Raman spectrum of K2.9Rb0.1ErSi3O9 is in agreement with the low space-group symmetry. Relations to minerals and synthetic compounds based on [Si3O9] chains are discussed, revealing that the geometry of the chain in K2.9Rb0.1ErSi3O9 is similar to that in pectolite, NaCa2[HSi3O9].
The crystal structure of dalnegroite, Tl5−xPb2x(As,Sb)21−xS34: a masterpiece of structural complexity
Authors: Bindi L. , Nestola F. , Guastoni A. , Secco L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe crystal structure of the rare mineral dalnegroite, Tl5−xPb2x(As,Sb)21−xS34 with x ≈ 1, was determined for a crystal from Lengenbach, Binn Valley, Switzerland. The structure is triclinic, space group P1, with a = 16.218(3), b = 42.546(7), c = 8.558(1) Å , α = 95.70(4), β = 90.18(3), γ = 96.38(4)°, V = 5838.9(9) Å3, Z = 4. Refinement of an isotropic model led to an R1 index of 0.0536 for 22226 observed reflections and 980 parameters, and R1 = 0.0590 for all 25266 independent reflections. Although dalnegroite cannot be considered a layered compound, its structure can be usefully described as a regular alternation of two kinds of layers stacked along the b axis, with four layers in the unit cell: (1) a layer 7.8 Å thick, at y ≈ 0.15 and 0.65, can be considered as derived from the SnS archetype; (2) a layer 13.6 Å thick, at y ≈ 0.35 and 0.85, derived from the PbS archetype. Different chemical compositions, such as Tl:Pb and Sb:As ratios, for different samples belonging to the chabournéite-dalnegroite family could play a central role in controlling different degrees of order, leading to different superstructures.
Histamine regulates autoreactive T cell activation and adhesiveness in inflamed brain microcirculation
Authors: Lapilla Marilena , Gallo Barbara , Martinello Marianna , Procaccini Claudio , Costanza Massimo , Musio Silvia , Rossi Barbara , Angiari Stefano , Farina Cinthia , Steinman Lawrence , Matarese Giuseppe , Constantin Gabriela , Pedotti Rosetta 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTHistamine may contribute to the pathology of MS and its animal model EAE. We explored the effects of histamine and specific HR agonists on activation and migratory capacity of myelin-autoreactive T cells. We show that histamine in vitro inhibits proliferation and IFN-γ production of mouse T cells activated against PLP139–151. These effects were mimicked by the H1R agonist HTMT and the H2R agonist dimaprit and were associated with reduced activation of ERK½ kinase and with increased levels of cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip-1, both involved in T cell proliferation and anergy. H1R and H2R agonists reduced spontaneous and chemokine-induced adhesion of autoreactive T cells to ICAM-1 in vitro and blocked firm adhesion of these cells in inflamed brain microcirculation in vivo. Thus histamine, through H1R and H2R, inhibits activation of myelin-autoreactive T cells and their ability to traffic through the inflamed BBB. Strategies aimed at interfering with the histamine axis might have relevance in the therapy of autoimmune disease of the CNS.
Neuropsychological changes and treatment response in severe
depression
Authors: Douglas Katie M. , Porter Richard J. , Knight Robert G. , Maruff Paul 
Published: January 2011

BackgroundImpaired neuropsychological function and differences in facial emotion
processing are features of major depression. Some aspects of these
functions may change during treatment and may be useful in assessing
treatment response, even at an early stage of treatment.AimsTo examine early and later changes in neuropsychological functioning and
facial emotion processing as potential markers of treatment response in
major depression.MethodIn total, 68 newly admitted in-patients with a primary diagnosis of major
depression and 50 healthy controls completed an assessment, including
mood ratings, neuropsychological measures and facial emotion processing
measures at three time points (baseline, 10–14 days and 6 weeks).ResultsPervasive neuropsychological impairment was evident at baseline in
patients with depression compared with healthy controls. During 6 weeks
of treatment, only simple reaction time, verbal working memory and the
recognition of angry facial expressions showed differential change in
those whose depression responded to treatment compared with treatment
non-responders in the depression group. None of the measures showed a
significant difference between treatment responders and non-responders at
10–14 days.ConclusionsDespite significant impairment in neuropsychological functioning in the
depression group, most measures failed to differentiate between treatment
responders and non-responders at 10–14 days or at 6 weeks. Simple
reaction time, verbal working memory and recognition of angry facial
expressions may be useful in assessing response in severe depression but
probably not at an early stage.
Mental health of the non-heterosexual population of
England
Authors: Chakraborty Apu , McManus Sally , Brugha Terry S. , Bebbington Paul , King Michael 
Published: January 2011

BackgroundThere has been little research into the prevalence of mental health
problems in lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people in the UK with most
work conducted in the USA.AimsTo relate the prevalence of mental disorder, self-harm and suicide
attempts to sexual orientation in England, and to test whether
psychiatric problems were associated with discrimination on grounds of
sexuality.MethodThe Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007 (n = 7403)
was representative of the population living in private UK households.
Standardised questions provided demographic information. Neurotic
symptoms, common mental disorders, probable psychosis, suicidality,
alcohol and drug dependence and service utilisation were assessed. In
addition, detailed information was obtained about aspects of sexual
identity and perceived discrimination on these grounds.ResultsSelf-reported identification as non-heterosexual (determined by both
orientation and sexual partnership, separately) was associated with
unhappiness, neurotic disorders overall, depressive episodes, generalised
anxiety disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, phobic disorder,
probable psychosis, suicidal thoughts and acts, self-harm and alcohol and
drug dependence. Mental health-related general practitioner consultations
and community care service use over the previous year were also elevated.
In the non-heterosexual group, discrimination on the grounds of sexual
orientation predicted certain neurotic disorder outcomes, even after
adjustment for potentially confounding demographic variables.ConclusionsThis study corroborates international findings that people of
non-heterosexual orientation report elevated levels of mental health
problems and service usage, and it lends further support to the
suggestion that perceived discrimination may act as a social stressor in
the genesis of mental health problems in this population.
Coming home may hurt: risk factors for mental ill health in US
reservists after deployment in Iraq
Authors: Riviere Lyndon A. , Kendall-Robbins Athena , McGurk Dennis , Castro Carl A. , Hoge Charles W. 
Published: January 2011

BackgroundLittle research has been conducted on the factors that may explain the
higher rates of mental health problems in United States National Guard
soldiers who have deployed to the Iraq War.AimsTo examine whether financial hardship, job loss, employer support and the
effect of deployment absence on co-workers were associated with
depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodCross-sectional data were obtained from 4034 National Guard soldiers at
two time points. All measures were assessed by self-report.ResultsThe four factors were associated with depression and PTSD, with
variability based on outcome and time point. For example, job loss
increased the odds of meeting criteria for depression at 3 and 12 months
and for PTSD at 12 months; the negative effect of deployment absence on
co-workers increased the likelihood of meeting criteria for PTSD, but not
depression, at both time points.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that National Guard soldiers have unique
post-deployment social and material concerns that impair their mental
health.
Violence against mental health staff: a survey in a Nigerian psychiatric hospital
Authors: Ukpong Dominic Ignatius , Owoeye Olugbenga , Udofia Owoidoho , Abasiubong Festus , Ukpong Sunday 
Published: January 2011

Aims and methodA survey was conducted to investigate physical assaults against mental health staff of a Nigerian psychiatric hospital in a 12-month period and also during their working career in the hospital retrospectively using a questionnaire method.ResultsIn total, 101 out of 120 questionnaires were completed (response rate 84.2%). Within the period of their employment in the hospital 49.5% of staff had been physically assaulted at least once, and over the previous 12 months 33.7% had been physically assaulted. Nursing staff (82.3%) were more frequently assaulted than doctors, most often during routine assessment of patients (44.3%). In total, 88% of staff sustained injuries requiring medical attention. Vulnerability to assaults was not associated with attending a course on prevention and management of psychiatric patient violence.Clinical implicationsAssaults by patients against mental health staff, especially nurses, are quite widespread in Nigeria. There is a need to formulate policies on prevention and management of violence in people with mental disorders in Nigerian psychiatric hospitals.