bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of HIV‐1 drug susceptibility as provided by conventional phenotyping and by a phenotype prediction tool based on viral genotype
Authors: Van Houtte Margriet , Picchio Gaston , Van Der Borght Koen , Pattery Theresa , Lecocq Pierre , Bacheler Lee T. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractConcordance between the conventional HIV‐1 phenotypic drug resistance assay, PhenoSense™ (PS), and virco®TYPE HIV‐1 (vT), a drug resistance assay based on prediction of the phenotype, was investigated in a data set from the Stanford HIV Resistance database (hivdb). Depending on the drug, between 287 and 902 genotype–phenotype data pairs were available for comparisons. Test results (fold‐change values) in the two assays were highly correlated, with an overall mean correlation coefficient of 0.90 using single PS measurements. This coefficient rose to 0.94 when the vT results were compared to the mean of repeat PS measurements. These results are comparable with the corresponding correlation coefficients of 0.87 and 0.95, calculated using single measurements, and the mean of repeat measurements, respectively, as obtained in the Antivirogram® assay, the conventional HIV‐1 phenotypic drug resistance test on which vT is based. The proportion of resistance calls resulting in a “major” discordance (fully susceptible or maximal response by one assay but fully resistant or minimal response by the other) ranged from 0% to 8.1% for drugs for which two clinical test cut‐offs were available in both assays (didanosine, abacavir, tenofovir, saquinavir/r, fosamprenavir/r, and lopinavir/r), from 2.4% to 8.1% for the drugs for which two clinical test cut‐offs were available in the vT assay and one clinical test cut‐off in the PS assay (lamivudine, stavudine, indinavir/r, and atazanavir/r) and from 3.1% to 10.3% for drugs for which biological test cut‐offs were used (zidovudine, nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz, indinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir, and fosamprenavir). Our analyses suggest that these assays provide comparable resistance information, which will be of value to physicians who may be presented with either or both types of test report in their practice. J. Med. Virol. 81:1702–1709, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety evaluation of chimeric Langat/Dengue 4 flavivirus, a live vaccine candidate against tick‐borne encephalitis
Authors: Pripuzova Natalia S. , Tereshkina Natalia V. , Gmyl Larissa V. , Dzhivanyan Tatiana I. , Rumyantsev Alexander A. , Romanova Lidiya Iu. , Mustafina Aida N. , Lashkevich Vasilii A. , Karganova Galina G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe chimeric flavivirus LGT/DEN4 containing prM and E genes of naturally attenuated Langat virus with remaining sequence derived from low neuroinvasive Dengue 4 virus was previously produced and assessed as a candidate for live vaccine against tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) [Pletnev and Men (1998): Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:1746–1751; Pletnev et al. (2000): Virology 274:23–31; Pletnev et al. (2001): J Virol 75:8259–8267; Wright et al. (2008): Vaccine 26:882–890]. In this article we compared two animal species: mice and monkeys, in order to select most sensitive models for safety evaluation of new vaccine candidates against TBE. Direct neurovirulence in suckling mice, neuroinvasiveness upon peripheral inoculation, rate of virus multiplication and expansion in CNS and its ability to persist in the central nervous system (CNS) were studied in adult mice; virological and pathomorphological examination of the CNS and visceral organs after intrathalamic virus inoculation was selected as a safety neurovirulence test in monkeys. The chimera was substantially less virulent in both animal models compared to the Absettarov strain of TBE virus. LGT/DEN4 was highly attenuated in suckling and adult mice with no evidence of viral persistence in CNS. In contrast to the mouse model, the chimera was able to reproduce in the CNS of monkeys to moderate titers, caused pathomorphological lesions in two and even illness in one of four animals, and was registered in simian brain on the 30th day post‐infection. The presented data show that tests in mice solely might not be a sufficient model for safety testing of chimeric viruses. J. Med. Virol. 81:1777–1785, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Response to antiviral treatment in patients infected with hepatitis B virus genotypes E–H
Authors: Erhardt Andreas , Göbel Thomas , Ludwig Amei , Lau George K.K. , Marcellin Patrick , van Bömmel Florian , Heinzel‐Pleines Ulrike , Adams Ortwin , Häussinger Dieter 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNo data on antiviral response of HBV genotypes E–H are available so far although these HBV genotypes contribute significantly to the global HBV burden. Of 49 patients with HBV genotypes E–H, 23 received interferon (IFN)‐alpha, 12 nucleos(t)ide analogues and 14 patients were untreated. HBV genotype was determined by direct sequencing of the HBV S gene. Sustained virological response in IFN‐treated patients was defined as normalization of ALT and decrease of HBV‐DNA <4,000 IU/ml 6 months after treatment. Virological response with nucleos(t)ide analogues was assumed in patients with a HBV‐DNA <200 IU/ml after 48 weeks of treatment. HBV genotype E was found in 61.2% (n = 30), HBV genotype F in 8.2% (n = 4), HBV genotype H in 10.2% (n = 5) of patients. Among patients with HBV genotype G (20.4%; n = 10) there were four HBV genotype G/A and three HBV genotype G/C co‐infections. Patients had Caucasian (43%), African (55%), or Asian (2%) background. End of treatment response was 70% (16/23) and sustained virological response was 35% (8/23) for patients treated with IFN‐alpha. Sustained virological response was 36% for HBV genotype E (n = 5/14), 50% for HBV genotype F or H (n = 2/4), and 20% for HBV genotype G (n = 1/5). Virus suppression at week 48 was achieved in 67% of patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues. According to the present preliminary data HBV genotypes E, F, and H appear to be sensitive to IFN‐alpha. Lower rates of response to IFN‐alpha in patients with HBV genotype G might be related to the frequent occurrence of double infection. J. Med. Virol. 81:1716–1720, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of congenital cytomegalovirus infection using umbilical cord blood samples in a screening survey
Authors: Endo Takeshi , Goto Kenji , Ito Koichi , Sugiura Tokio , Terabe Koji , Cho Sangmi , Nishiyama Masato , Sugiyama Kohachiro , Togari Hajime 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEasy screening and accurate diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are needed to predict and treat complications. We report the clinical course of two neonates with congenital CMV infection confirmed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for CMV DNA in umbilical cord blood. A total of 1,010 neonates born at Yonaha Clinic from July 2005 to March 2007 were investigated. Umbilical cord blood was collected at birth, and DNA was extracted to screen for CMV DNA by real‐time PCR. Head MRI and a developmental test were conducted for two cases (0.2%) in which CMV DNA was detected. Neither case showed clear abnormalities at birth, and head CT conducted at 1 month after birth revealed no abnormalities. Auditory brainstem responses were normal at both 1 and 12 months after birth in both cases. Head MRI at 12 months showed abnormalities in both cases. For both cases, development tests conducted at 12 months revealed mild developmental delays, particularly in posture and movement areas, which might have been caused by congenital CMV infection. J. Med. Virol. 81:1773–1776, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of climate change on heating and cooling energy demand in Ireland
Authors: Semmler Tido , McGrath Ray , Steele‐Dunne Susan , Hanafin Jenny , Nolan Paul , Wang Shiyu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe influence of climate change on heating and cooling energy demand in Ireland is investigated using a small ensemble of regional climate simulation datasets driven by the ERA‐40 reanalysis data and by the global climate model ECHAM5‐OM1 assuming three different greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simple relationships between commonly used temperature‐based indices and heating/cooling energy demand have been used. It has been shown previously that these relationships are highly correlated even though other parameters such as wind speed, sunniness and cost of energy also influence consumption. Results suggest that the heating energy demand has already slightly decreased in the south of the country for the time period 1981–2000 compared to that in 1961–1980, although the difference might not be a robust signal because of the relatively short averaging time period of 20 years and the model uncertainty, which is in the same order as the simulated changes. However, a clear trend of decreasing heating energy demand is predicted for the rest of this century using longer averaging periods of 40 years. Whereas air conditioning is not an issue in Ireland's current climate, a weak demand might develop towards the end of this century in the southeast of the country in summer. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Wide area illumination Raman scheme for simple and nondestructive discrimination of seawater cultured pearls
Authors: Park Seok Chan , Kim Minjung , Park Jimin , Chung Hoeil , Kim Hea Yeon 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRaman spectroscopy, along with discriminant partial least squares (PLS), was successfully used to discriminate among three different groups of cultured pearls (fresh water, Akoya and South seawater). The discrimination between Akoya and South seawater pearls using XRF (X‐ray fluorescence), one of the most frequently adopted analytical methods in pearl analysis, has been especially difficult owing to their similar mineral compositions. The selective Raman features helped in effectively discriminating between these two pearl groups. The difference in the intensities of the CaCO3 bands of Akoya and South seawater pearls provided a valuable clue. Along with the selective Raman feature, a reproducible Raman spectral collection achieved using a wide area illumination (WAI) scheme played an important role in the determination of the pearl groups, although the pearls were hard‐surfaced, round, solid samples of different sizes and surface shapes. Unwanted spectral variation originating from sensitivity to sample placement relative to the focal plane and from unsuccessful sample representation due to the probing of a localized area, factors that could possibly deteriorate Raman reproducibility, were substantially lessened using the WAI scheme. ATR (attenuated total reflection) IR spectroscopy requiring direct contact with the pearl could be inadequate for discrimination or classification where large numbers of repeating and reproducible measurements are required. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laparoscopic hyperthermic intraperitoneal peroperative chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the management of refractory malignant ascites: A multi‐institutional retrospective analysis in 52 patients
Authors: Valle M. , Van der Speeten K. , Garofalo A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMalignant ascites is a debilitating condition affecting cancer patients in their terminal stage of disease. Recently, laparoscopic hyperthermic intraperitoneal peroperative chemotherapy (HIPEC) was introduced as a new approach. From September 2001 to August 2008, 52 patients were treated with this new modality. No treatment‐related mortality was observed. Median survival was 98 days. One patient developed a clinical recurrence. Laparoscopic HIPEC is a safe and effective method for palliating malignant ascites. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:331–334. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intraperitoneal immunotherapy to prevent peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with advanced gastrointestinal malignancies
Authors: Ströhlein Michael A. , Heiss Markus M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPrognosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from GI tract cancers remains poor. As 30% of patients develop PC after curative surgery, prevention of PC during cancer resection would be desirable. Regarding physiopathology of PC and intraperitoneal immunology, intraoperative application of trifunctional antibodies offers advanced opportunities for destruction of intraperitoneal tumor cells and prevention of PC. First results indicated, the intraoperative treatment with trifunctional antibodies was safe and clinically feasible. Long‐term results will be available in 2010. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:329–330. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of optimally resected hepatectomy and peritonectomy patients with colorectal cancer metastasis
Authors: Cao Christopher Q. , Yan Tristan D. , Liauw Winston , Morris David L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundHepatectomy is the standard of care for patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) but cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (PIC) are still not widely accepted as the definitive treatment for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin (CRPC). We analyzed our data to compare survival outcomes for patients in these two groups who achieved optimal resection.MethodsWe examined our prospectively collected database for CRLM and CRPC patients who underwent hepatectomy or peritonectomy from 1995 to 2008.ResultsWe identified 46 CRPC patients who achieved CCR‐0/CCR‐1 and 237 CRLM patients had a margin‐negative hepatectomy. CRS patients had 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 5‐year overall survival rates of 83.6%, 65.4%, 51.4%, and 32.1%, respectively. Comparatively, CRLM patients had 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 5‐year overall survival rates of 88.1%, 69.4%, 51.9%, and 33.3%, respectively. Median survival for the two groups were 37.0 months (1–72) for CRPC patients and 37.0 months (0–120) for CRLM patients. There was no statistical significance in overall survival (P = 0.792).ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in survival outcomes for CRLM and CRPC patients who achieved optimal resection. Selected CRPC patients with potentially resectable disease should be considered for CRS and PIC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:529–533. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sequential multidisciplinary treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: The role of surgery as rescue therapy for failure of percutaneous ablation therapies
Authors: Portolani Nazario , Baiocchi Gian Luca , Coniglio Arianna , Grazioli Luigi , Frassi Eleonora , Gheza Federico , Giulini Stefano Maria 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after percutaneous ablation is poorly evaluated.MethodsThirty‐six cases of recurrence after percutaneous ablation (PA) (Group 1) are compared to those after surgery, treated with re‐resection (26 patients, Group 2) and PA (31 patients, Group 3).ResultsRecurrence was usually local after PA and distant after resection. Compared to Groups 2 and 3, local recurrences after PA were larger (4.2 vs. 2.3 cm) and more often invasive (43% vs. 10%). No different clinical/pathological aspects were noted in distant recurrences among the groups. After treatment the survival rate (1, 2, 3 and 5 years) was no different between the groups; in an intention‐to‐treat analysis of survival for local recurrences, survival was significantly lower in Group 1 (78%, 78%, 67% and 28%) than in Groups 2 and 3 (100%, 88%, 75% and 45%) (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPA and surgery can be sequentially employed for HCC. The type of primary treatment does not influence the features of distant liver recurrence, while local recurrence after PA often requires more extensive liver resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:580–584. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fascin expression in progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Iguchi Tomohiro , Aishima Shinichi , Umeda Kenji , Sanefuji Kensaku , Fujita Nobuhiro , Sugimachi Keishi , Gion Tomonobu , Taketomi Akinobu , Maehara Yoshihiko , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFascin is an actin‐bundling protein and induces membrane protrusions and cell motility after the formation of lamellipodia or filopodia. Fascin expression has been reported to be associated with progression or prognosis in various neoplasms, but the role of fascin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic relevance of fascin by immunohistochemistry.MethodsA total of 137 patients with HCC were stained with anti‐fascin antibody. The tumor cells having unequivocal cytoplasmic and/or membranous fascin immunoreactivity were defined as fascin‐positive.ResultsImmunohistochemically, 23 (16.8%) HCCs having unequivocal fascin immunoreactivity were found. Tumors showing fascin expression were larger and less differentiated than those showing no fascin expression (P = 0.0239 and 0.0018, respectively). Portal venous invasion, bile duct invasion, and intrahepatic metastasis were detected significantly more frequently in fascin‐positive group (P = 0.0029, 0.0333, and 0.0403, respectively). In addition, high alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels were significantly associated with the fascin expression in HCC (P = 0.0116). Fascin‐positive group had significantly poorer outcomes than fascin‐negative group and was an independent prognostic factor for disease‐free survival.ConclusionsFascin might become a novel marker of progression in HCC and a significant indicator of a poor prognosis for patients with HCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:575–579. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
General unknown screening procedure for the characterization of human drug metabolites in forensic toxicology: Applications and constraints
Authors: Sauvage François‐Ludovic , Picard Nicolas , Saint‐Marcoux Franck , Gaulier Jean‐Michel , Lachâtre Gérard , Marquet Pierre 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLC coupled to single (LC–MS) and tandem (LC–MS/MS) mass spectrometry is recognized as the most powerful analytical tools for metabolic studies in drug discovery. In this article, we describe five cases illustrating the utility of screening xenobiotic metabolites in routine analysis of forensic samples using LC–MS/MS. Analyses were performed using a previously published LC–MS/MS general unknown screening (GUS) procedure developed using a hybrid linear IT–tandem mass spectrometer. In each of the cases presented, the presence of metabolites of xenobiotics was suspected after analyzing urine samples. In two cases, the parent drug was also detected and the metabolites were merely useful to confirm drug intake, but in three other cases, metabolite detection was of actual forensic interest. The presented results indicate that: (i) the GUS procedure developed is useful to detect a large variety of drug metabolites, which would have been hardly detected using targeted methods in the context of clinical or forensic toxicology; (ii) metabolite structure can generally be inferred from their “enhanced” product ion scan spectra; and (iii) structure confirmation can be achieved through in vitro metabolic experiments or through the analysis of urine samples from individuals taking the parent drug.
pH‐Zone‐refining centrifugal partition chromatography for preparative isolation and purification of steroidal glycoalkaloids from Solanum xanthocarpum
Authors: Maurya Anupam , Gupta Shalini , Negi Suroochi , Srivastava Santosh Kumar 
Published: August 2009

AbstractpH‐Zone‐refining centrifugal‐partition chromatography (CPC) was successfully applied in the separation of complex polar steroidal glycoalkaloids of close Rf values, directly from a crude extract of Solanum xanthocarpum. The experiment was performed with a two phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate/butanol/water (1:4:5 by volume) where triethylamine (5 mM) was added to the upper organic mobile phase as an eluter and TFA (10 mM) to the aqueous stationary phase as a retainer. Separation of 1 g of crude extract over CPC resulted in two distinct pH‐zones. The fractions collected in pH‐zone i afforded 72 mg of solasonine while the fractions collected in pH‐zone ii were slightly impure, hence were purified over medium pressure LC, which afforded 30 mg of solasonine and further 15 mg of solamargine (SM). The steroidal glycoalkaloids, SM and solasonine were isolated in 93.3 and 91.6% purity, respectively. The isolated alkaloids were characterized on the basis of their 1H, 13C‐NMR, and ESI‐MS data.
RNA processing defects associated with diseases of the motor neuron
Authors: Kolb Stephen J. , Sutton Scott , Schoenberg Daniel R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRapid progress in the discovery of motor neuron disease genes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the spinal muscular atrophies, hereditary motor neuropathies, and lethal congenital contracture syndromes is providing new perspectives and insights into the molecular pathogenesis of the motor neuron. Motor neuron disease genes are often expressed throughout the body with essential functions in all cells. A survey of these functions indicates that motor neurons are uniquely sensitive to perturbations in RNA processing pathways dependent on the interaction of specific RNAs with specific RNA‐binding proteins, which presumably result in aberrant formation and function of ribonucleoprotein complexes. This review provides a summary of currently recognized RNA processing defects linked to human motor neuron diseases. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Lyme disease serology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Qureshi Muddasir , Bedlack Richard S. , Cudkowicz Merit E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLyme disease is sometimes part of the differential diagnosis for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Herein we report on 414 individuals with ALS at the Massachusetts General Hospital who underwent laboratory testing for Lyme disease. Twenty‐four (5.8%) were seropositive, but only 4 (0.97%) had confirmed past immunoreactive infection. Two of these patients received ceftriaxone for 1 month without clinical improvement. Lyme disease was rare in 414 patients with ALS and is not likely to be causative. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Sensitivity of electrophysiological tests for upper and lower motor neuron dysfunction in ALS: A six‐month longitudinal study
Authors: de Carvalho Mamede , Swash Michael 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBy following a group of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients longitudinally using lower motor neuron (LMN) and upper motor neuron (UMN) markers of dysfunction it may be possible to better understand the functional relationships between these motor systems in this disease. We used neurophysiological techniques to follow UMN and LMN dysfunction in a group of 28 patients with ALS, in comparison with the ALS functional rating scale (ALS‐FRS) score and the forced vital capacity (FVC). We used motor unit number estimation (MUNE), compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude, and the Neurophysiological Index (NI) to quantify the LMN disorder, and transcranial motor stimulation to study cortical motor threshold, motor‐evoked response amplitude, central motor conduction time, and cortical silent period (CSP). The patients were studied shortly after diagnosis and then 6 months later, using both abductor digiti minimi muscles (ADM); ADM strength was initially >MRC 3 (Medical Research Council, UK). The NI and MUNE changed more than any other variable. CSP increased by about 30%, a change more marked than the slight increase observed in the cortical motor threshold (9%). The normal increase of CSP after acute muscle fatigue was preserved during disease progression. The CSP increase correlated with the MUNE rate of decay but not to the NI reduction, perhaps because NI includes F‐wave frequency in itscalculation. There was no definite correlation between UMN and LMNdysfunction or progression, but there was a link between CSP and LMN changes in ALS. The CSP may be a useful variable in following UMN dysfunction in clinical practice and in clinical trials. Muscle Nerve, 2010