bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dry adhesion of polythiophene nanotube arrays with drag‐induced direction dependence
Authors: Huang Cancan , Sheng Kaixuan , Qu Liangti , Shi Gaoquan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPolythiophene (Pth) bilayer films each consists of a nanotube layer and a compact layer had been prepared by electrochemical polymerization and using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes as template. The films were treated by mechanical polishing and freeze drying to improve the degree of orientation of nanotubes and their surface smoothness. A treated Pth bilayer film can adhere strongly on glass with its nanotube surface by applying a dragging preload. The applied dragging preload caused the original vertically aligned Pth nanotube array to tilt opposite to the direction of preload, which induced a superstrong shear adhesion force of up to 144 ± 30 N cm−2 for the film with a tube length of 26 μm as the film was dragged along the direction of preload. However, the shear adhesion force opposite to the direction of dragging preload was relatively low (44 ± 17 N cm−2). The direction‐dependent force management of Pth bilayer films is quite similar to that gecko does, indicating the potential for developing advanced adhesive systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Evaluation of the efficiency of silicone polyether additives as antifoams in crude oil
Authors: Fraga Assis K. , Santos Raquel F. , Mansur Claudia R. E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIt is common for crude oil from wells to be accompanied by gas and water because of the presence of natural surfactants in the oil that stabilize the associated water. This causes foaming during processing in gas/oil separators because of the constant agitation and shear forces, which reduce the efficiency of the process and require chemical control by the addition of defoaming additives, or antifoams. In this work, we evaluated the chemical and physicochemical properties of commercial antifoam products based on silicone polyethers along with their efficiency in inhibiting foaming and water/oil (W/O) phase separation. The commercial surfactants were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, determination of solubility in different solvents, and measurement of the surface and interfacial tensions. A method to test the formation of foam in oil was used to mimic the operating conditions in gas/oil separators. Finally, tests were performed with the addition of aliquots of the additive solutions (30% p/v) in oil to evaluate their efficiency in breaking up the foam under different conditions. The results show that the most polar additive (SL2) was the most efficient in breaking up the foam. Additive SP1, which formed a heterogeneous phase in the oil, was also an efficient foam inhibitor and helped to separate these phases. The antifoam tests showed that these additives did not stabilize W/O emulsions, so they could be used in gravitational separation tanks in the field. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Mechanochemical synthesis and characterization of poly(2,5‐dimethoxy aniline) salts
Authors: Palaniappan Subramanian , Chang Yu‐Tsern , Liu Chung‐Ming , Manisankar Paramasivam 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe interfacial interaction and orientation of molecules during the polymerization process plays a vital role in the enhancement of the surface properties of conducting polymers. In this perspective, a solid‐phase mechanochemical route is employed to prepare poly(2,5‐dimethoxy aniline) (PDMA) and its salts with superior properties. Various studies performed on the as‐prepared polymer highlights the formation of polymeric particles with excellent physicochemical properties. Elemental analysis showed the presence of dopants anion in the polymeric backbone. Spectroscopic profile of PDMAs revealed the formation of emeraldine form of PDMAs. Moreover, these studies indicate the formation of PDMA‐HCl in a highly doped state. The surface morphological pictures of PDMAs revealed the formation of aggregated microstructured to nanostructured particulates. X‐ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry were used to evaluate the physicochemical properties of PDMAs. PDMA salts exhibited crystalline behavior and good electrochemical activity. TG/DTA analysis showed that all the PDMAs were thermally stable up to 240°C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Alarmins S100A8 and S100A9 elicit a catabolic effect in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes that is dependent on Toll‐like receptor 4
Authors: Schelbergen Rik F. P. , Blom Arjen B. , van den Bosch Martijn H. J. , Slöetjes Annet , Abdollahi‐Roodsaz Shahla , Schreurs B. Wim , Mort John S. , Vogl Thomas , Roth Johannes , van den Berg Wim B. , van Lent Peter L. E. M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveS100A8 and S100A9 are two Ca2+ binding proteins classified as damage‐associated molecular patterns or alarmins that are found in high amounts in the synovial fluid of osteoarthritis (OA) patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether S100A8 and/or S100A9 can interact with chondrocytes from OA patients to increase catabolic mediators.MethodsUsing immunohistochemistry, we stained for S100A8 and S100A9 protein, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and a cartilage‐breakdown epitope specific for MMPs (VDIPEN) in cartilage from OA donors. Isolated chondrocytes or explants from OA and non‐OA donors were stimulated with S100A8 and/or S100A9. Messenger RNA and protein levels of MMPs, cytokines, and cartilage matrix molecules were determined with quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Luminex techniques, respectively. For receptor blocking studies, specific inhibitors for Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and carboxylated glycans were used.ResultsIn cartilage from OA patients, the expression of S100A8 and S100A9 protein close to chondrocytes was associated with proteoglycan depletion and expression of MMP‐1, MMP‐3, and VDIPEN. Stimulation of chondrocytes with S100A8 and S100A9 caused a strong up‐regulation of catabolic markers (MMPs 1, 3, 9, and 13, interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], IL‐8, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1) and down‐regulation of anabolic markers (aggrecan and type II collagen), thereby favoring cartilage breakdown. Blocking TLR‐4, but not carboxylated glycans or RAGE, inhibited the S100 effect. The catabolic S100 effect was significantly more pronounced in chondrocytes from OA patients as compared to those from non‐OA patients, possibly due to higher TLR‐4 expression.ConclusionS100A8 and S100A9 have a catabolic effect on human chondrocytes that is TLR‐4 dependent. OA chondrocytes are more sensitive than normal chondrocytes to S100 stimulation.
The Development of Domino Reactions Incorporating the Heck Reaction: The Formation of N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Rixson James E. , Chaloner Thomas , Heath Charles H. , Tietze Lutz F. , Stewart Scott G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe methodological development of a series of domino or cascade reactions affording a series of N‐heterocycles is described. The rapid formation of these ring systems is in each case associated with the incorporation of a Heck reaction at either an early or a late stage of the domino process. A range of catalytic conditions and substrate modifications for optimisation of domino Tsuji–Trost/Heck, Buchwald–Hartwig/Heck and Heck/carbopalladation reaction sequences are reported.
Oxidative stress-related PMK-1 P38 MAPK activation as a mechanism for toxicity of silver nanoparticles to reproduction in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Lim Dongyoung , Roh Ji-yeon , Eom Hyun-jeong , Choi Jeong-Yun , Hyun JinWon , Choi Jinhee 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In the present study, a toxic mechanism of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, focusing on the involvement of oxidative stress in reproduction toxicity. Initially, AgNPs were tested as potential oxidative stress inducers, and increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in AgNP-exposed C. elegans. Subsequently, the potential upstream signaling pathway activated in response to AgNP exposure was investigated, paying special attention to the C. elegans PMK-1 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Increased PMK-1 p38 MAPK gene and protein expressions were observed in C. elegans exposed to AgNPs. Expression of the p38-dependent transcription factor genes and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity was also investigated in wildtype (N2) and pmk-1 mutant (km25) C. elegans exposed to AgNPs. The results indicated that AgNP exposure led to increased ROS formation, increased expression of PMK-1 p38 MAPK and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1), GST enzyme activity, and decreased reproductive potential in wildtype (N2) C. elegans; whereas in the AgNP-exposed pmk-1 (km25) mutant, ROS formation and HIF-1 and GST activation were not observed, and decreased reproductive potential was rescued. These results suggest that oxidative stress is an important mechanism of AgNP-induced reproduction toxicity in C. elegans, and that PMK-1 p38 MAPK plays an important role in it. The results also suggest that GST and HIF-1 activation by AgNP exposure are PMK-1 p38 MAPK–dependent, and that both play an important role in the PMK-1 p38 MAPK-mediated defense pathway to AgNP exposure in C. elegans. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:585–592. © 2011 SETAC
Association of direct‐to‐consumer genome‐wide disease risk estimates and self‐reported disease
Authors: Bloss Cinnamon S. , Topol Eric J. , Schork Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe ongoing controversy surrounding direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) personal genomic tests intensified last year when the U.S. Government Accountability Office released results of an undercover investigation of four companies that offer such testing. Among their findings, they reported that some of their donors received DNA‐based predictions that conflicted with their actual medical histories. We aimed to more rigorously evaluate the relationship between DTC genomic risk estimates and self‐reported disease by leveraging data from the Scripps Genomic Health Initiative. We prospectively collected self‐reported personal and family health history data for 3,416 individuals, who went on to purchase a commercially available DTC genomic test. For 5 out of 15 total conditions studied, we found that risk estimates from the test were significantly associated with self‐reported family and/or personal health history. The five conditions included Graves' disease, Type 2 Diabetes, Lupus, Alzheimer's disease, and Restless Leg Syndrome. To further investigate these findings, we ranked each of the 15 conditions based on published heritability estimates and conducted post hoc power analyses, based on the number of individuals in our sample who reported significant histories of each condition. We found that high heritability, coupled with high prevalence in our sample and thus adequate statistical power, explained the pattern of associations observed. Our study represents one of the first evaluations of the relationship between risk estimates from a commercially available DTC personal genomic test and self‐reported health histories in the consumers of that test.Genet. Epidemiol. 36 : 66–70, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DCE‐MRI of the human kidney using BLADE: A feasibility study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Lietzmann Florian , Zöllner Frank G. , Attenberger Ulrike I. , Haneder Stefan , Michaely Henrik J. , Schad Lothar R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the degree of motion compensation in the kidney using two different sampling methods, each in their optimized settings: A BLADE k‐space acquisition technique and a routinely used kidney perfusion acquisition scheme (TurboFLASH).Materials and Methods:Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance examinations were performed in 16 healthy volunteers on a 3 Tesla MR‐system with two parameterizations of the BLADE sequence and the standard reference acquisition scheme. Signal intensity enhanced time curves were analyzed with a mathematical model and a widely published separable compartment model on cortex regions to assess robustness versus motion artifacts.Results:BLADE‐measurements with a strip‐width of 32 lines constituted the smallest mean values for the sum of squared errors (6065 ± 4996) compared with the measurement with a strip‐width of 64 lines (13849 ± 14079) or the standard TurboFLASH (11884 ± 8076). Calculations concerning goodness of the fit of the applied compartment model yielded an overall average of the Akaike Fit Error of 732 ± 141 for BLADE (646 ± 149 for a strip‐width of 32 lines, 816 ± 53 for 64 lines) and 1626 ± 303 for the TurboFLASH (TFL) sequence.Conclusion:We demonstrated that renal dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging using BLADE k‐space sampling with a strip‐width of 32 is significantly less sensitive to motion than a widely published Turbo‐Flash sequence with nearly similar parameters. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:868–874. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imaging evidence of early brain tissue degeneration in patients with vanishing white matter disease: A multimodal MR study
Authors: Ding Xiao‐Qi , Bley Annette , Ohlenbusch Andreas , Kohlschütter Alfried , Fiehler Jens , Zhu Wenzhen , Lanfermann Heinrich 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTo find imaging signs of active degenerative processes in vanishing white matter disease (VWM), six VWM patients and six matched controls underwent MR examinations. The data were analyzed with modified Scheltens scales for morphological findings and determined quantitatively for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Single‐voxel MR spectra were acquired at the parietal white matter and analyzed with LCModel. Typical VWM brain lesions were found in all patients accompanied by proton diffusion abnormalities: Increased ADC appeared in brain regions with severe myelin destruction in all patients, and reduced ADC in two of six younger patients in remaining white matter adjacent to the lesions or at the borders around the lesions, who had a short history of the disease (≤ 1 year). The MR spectroscopy revealed reductions of NAA, Cho, and Cr, which correlate to the grade of white matter abnormalities. An increase of myo‐inositol as marker of reactive gliosis was missing. Thus, restricted proton diffusion was evident in younger VWM patients with short history of disease, which in combination with lack of reactive gliosis may reflect early white matter degeneration in VWM. The multimodal MR methods are useful for characterizing such tissue degeneration in brain in vivo. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:926–932. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlled release of drug via tuning electrospun polymer carrier
Authors: Song Xiaofeng , Gao Zhantuan , Ling Fengguang , Chen Xuesi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMedicated‐fibers have been obtained through electrospinning after rifampin was dissolved in poly (lactic acid)/chloroform solution. The relationship between polymer variables [such as concentration, molecular weight (Mw), and introducing hydrophilic block] and drug release from the electrospun fibers is disclosed. The results show that polymeric concentration and Mw are crucial for producing the medicated fibers, which influence not only the morphology of the medicated‐fiber but also drug release rate from fiber. At the same Mw, the drug release rate decreases with the increase of spinning concentration. At two different Mw blends, drug release behaviors change. When the low Mw content is in a dominant position, drug release rate depends largely on mixing ratio of two Mw contents; on the other hand, drug release rate is also dependent on concentration of spinning fluid. In addition, the block copolymer [poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA)‐polyethylene glycol‐PLLA] shows faster release rate as compared to homopolymer (PLLA). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
The rise of self‐assembled monolayers for fabricating electrochemical biosensors—an interfacial perspective
Authors: Gooding J. Justin , Darwish Nadim 
Published: December 2011

AbstractElectrochemical biosensors have witnessed a tremendous growth in nanotechnology and in depth characterisation over the last two decades. In particular, modification of surfaces with self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) has provided a molecular control of the interfaces, which has paved the way to fabricate improved biosensing devices. Here we focus on the important advances of using SAMs in enzyme electrodes and affinity biosensors such as for peptides, DNA and antibodies. DOI 10.1002/tcr.201100013
Contactless conductivity detection for electrophoretic microseparation techniques
Authors: Mai Thanh Duc , Hauser Peter C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe technique of capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for electrophoretic separations is discussed. The position of the combination of the two techniques, which both rely on the control of the movement of ions in the electric field, is highlighted. A brief historical overview and an introduction into the fundamental mechanisms is also given, but this exploration focuses mainly on the unique aspects of the intimate interfacing between ionic conduction in the measuring cell and the electronic conduction in the electronic detector circuitry. The general scope of application of the method is discussed as well as the recently introduced use of hydrodynamic pumping, which is a special feature of capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity, not possible with the standard UV‐detection method. DOI 10.1002/tcr.201100039
Ethanol production from alkali-treated rice straw via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using newly isolated thermotolerant Pichia kudriavzevii HOP-1
Authors: Oberoi Harinder Singh , Babbar Neha , Sandhu Simranjeet Kaur , Dhaliwal Sandeep Singh , Kaur Ujjal , Chadha B S , Bhargav Vinod Kumar 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In this study, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was employed to produce ethanol from 1% sodium hydroxide-treated rice straw in a thermostatically controlled glass reactor using 20 FPU gds−1 cellulase, 50 IU gds−1 β-glucosidase, 15 IU gds−1 pectinase and a newly isolated thermotolerant Pichia kudriavzevii HOP-1 strain. Scanning electron micrograph images showed that the size of the P. kudriavzevii cells ranged from 2.48 to 6.93 μm in diameter while the shape of the cells varied from oval, ellipsoidal to elongate. Pichia kudriavzevii cells showed extensive pseudohyphae formation after 5 days of growth and could assimilate sugars like glucose, sucrose, galactose, fructose, and mannose but the cells could not assimilate xylose, arabinose, cellobiose, raffinose, or trehalose. In addition, the yeast cells could tolerate up to 40% glucose and 5% NaCl concentrations but their growth was inhibited at 1% acetic acid and 0.01% cyclohexamide concentrations. Pichia kudriavzevii produced about 35 and 200% more ethanol than the conventional Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells at 40 and 45°C, respectively. About 94% glucan in alkali-treated rice straw was converted to glucose through enzymatic hydrolysis within 36 h. Ethanol concentration of 24.25 g l−1 corresponding to 82% theoretical yield on glucan basis and ethanol productivity of 1.10 g l−1 h−1 achieved using P. kudriavzevii during SSF hold promise for scale-up studies. An insignificant amount of glycerol and no xylitol was produced during SSF. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting ethanol production from any lignocellulosic biomass using P. kudriavzevii.
A review of control methods and resistance mechanisms in stored-product insects
Authors: Boyer S. , Zhang H. , Lempérière G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis review describes the major stored-product insect species and their resistance to insecticides. The economic importance of the control of those pests is highlighted with a loss of more than one billion US dollars per year worldwide. A detailed common description of species resistance throughout the world has been developed, and we observed 28 recurrent studied species involved in resistance cases disseminated on the five continents. The different mechanisms, including behavioral resistance, were studied particularly onOryzaephilus surinamensis. The role of detoxifying enzymes and studies on the genetic resistance, involving thekdrmutation mechanisms and the transmission of the genes of resistance, are also described. A chapter clarifying definitions on cross and multiple resistance is enclosed.
Primärprävention des Schlaganfalls – Was ist neu?
Authors: Poppert H. , Sander K. , Etgen T. , Sander D. 
Published: December 2011

ZusammenfassungTrotz der Fortschritte im Bereich der Akutbehandlung und Sekundärprävention des Schlaganfalls, stellt dieser weiterhin die wichtigste Ursache für dauernde Behinderung und die zweithäufigste Todesursache weltweit dar. Die wesentlichen Risikofaktoren für den Schlaganfall sind gut bekannt und können in nichtveränderbare (z. B. Alter, Geschlecht, genetische Prädisposition) und modifizierbare (z. B. Hypertonus, Nikotin, Diabetes) unterteilt werden. Die INTERSTROKE-Studie zeigte, dass 5 Faktoren (anamestischer Hypertonus oder Blutdruck >160/90 mm Hg, Rauchen, Taille-Hüft-Quotient, Ernährung und Bewegungsmangel) insgesamt 83,4% des Schlaganfallrisikos erklären. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit werden aktuelle Entwicklungen der Primärprävention des Schlaganfalls dargestellt. Dazu gehören die Bedeutung der Blutdruckvariabilität, neue Daten zu Statinen und Antithrombotika, die Therapie der asymptomatischen Karotistenose sowie der Stellenwert nichtmedikamentöser Maßnahmen im Rahmen einer „Lifestyle“-Modifikation.
Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction of fluorescence recovery protein from Synechocystis PCC 6803
Authors: Liu Ting , Shuai Yingli , Zhou Honggang 
Published: December 2011

Fluorescence recovery protein (FRP), which is encoded by the slr1964 gene in Synechocystis PCC 6803, plays a key role in the orange carotenoid protein-related photoprotective mechanism in cyanobacteria. As the crystal structure of FRP may provide information about the biological functions and mechanism of action of the protein, recombinant full-length FRP and a truncated form were overexpressed, purified and crystallized at 291 K using ethylene imine polymer as the precipitant. An FRP data set was collected to a resolution of 2.75 Å at low temperature (100 K). The crystal belonged to space group P41212, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 61.9, c = 160.7 Å, α = β = γ = 90°. Assuming that the asymmetric unit contains three molecules, the Matthews coefficient was calculated to be 2.1 Å3 Da−1.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray structure analysis of human ribosomal protein L30e
Authors: Kawaguchi Akiko , Ose Toyoyuki , Yao Min , Tanaka Isao 
Published: December 2011

Many functions have been reported for the eukaryotic ribosomal protein L30e. L30e makes several inter-subunit and intra-subunit interactions with protein or RNA components of the 80S ribosome. Yeast L30e has been shown to bind to its own transcript to autoregulate expression at both the transcriptional and the translational levels. Furthermore, it has been reported that mammalian L30e is a component of the selenocysteine-incorporation machinery by binding to the selenocysteine-insertion sequence on mRNA. As high-resolution crystal structures of mammalian L30e are not available, the purification, crystallization and X-ray structure analysis of human L30e are presented here.