bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of vesicular glutamate transporters type 1 and 2 in sensory and autonomic neurons innervating the mouse colorectum
Authors: Brumovsky Pablo R. , Robinson David R. , La Jun‐Ho , Seroogy Kim B. , Lundgren Kerstin H. , Albers Kathryn M. , Kiyatkin Michael E. , Seal Rebecca P. , Edwards Robert H. , Watanabe Masahiko , Hökfelt Tomas , Gebhart G.F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractVesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) have been extensively studied in various neuronal systems, but their expression in visceral sensory and autonomic neurons remains to be analyzed in detail. Here we studied VGLUTs type 1 and 2 (VGLUT1and VGLUT2, respectively) in neurons innervating the mouse colorectum. Lumbosacral and thoracolumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG), lumbar sympathetic chain (LSC), and major pelvic ganglion (MPG) neurons innervating the colorectum of BALB/C mice were retrogradely traced with Fast Blue, dissected, and processed for immunohistochemistry. Tissue from additional naïve mice was included. Previously characterized antibodies against VGLUT1, VGLUT2, and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) were used. Riboprobe in situ hybridization, using probes against VGLUT1and VGLUT2, was also performed. Most colorectal DRG neurons expressed VGLUT2and often colocalized with CGRP. A smaller percentage of neurons expressed VGLUT1. VGLUT2‐immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the MPG were rare. Abundant VGLUT2‐IR nerves were detected in all layers of the colorectum; VGLUT1‐IR nerves were sparse. A subpopulation of myenteric plexus neurons expressed VGLUT2 protein and mRNA, but VGLUT1 mRNA was undetectable. In conclusion, we show 1) that most colorectal DRG neurons express VGLUT2, and to a lesser extent, VGLUT1; 2) abundance of VGLUT2‐IR fibers innervating colorectum; and 3) a subpopulation of myenteric plexus neurons expressing VGLUT2. Altogether, our data suggests a role for VGLUT2in colorectal glutamatergic neurotransmission, potentially influencing colorectal sensitivity and motility. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3346–3366, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative analysis of glutamatergic innervation of the mouse dorsal raphe nucleus using array tomography
Authors: Soiza‐Reilly Mariano , Commons Kathryn G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSerotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) containing neurons located in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) comprise the main source of forebrain 5‐HT and regulate emotional states in normal and pathological conditions including affective disorders. However, there are many features of the local circuit architecture within the DR that remain poorly understood. DR neurons receive glutamatergic innervation from different brain areas that selectively express three different types of the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT). In this study we used a new high‐resolution imaging technique, array tomography, to quantitatively analyze the glutamatergic innervation of the mouse DR. In the same volumetric images, we studied the distribution of five antigens: VGLUT1, VGLUT2, VGLUT3, the postsynaptic protein PSD‐95, and a marker for 5‐HT cells, the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPOH). We found that all three populations of glutamatergic boutons are present in the DR; however, the density of paired association between VGLUT2 boutons and PSD‐95 was ≈2‐fold higher than that of either VGLUT1‐ or VGLUT3‐PSD‐95 pairs. In addition, VGLUT2‐PSD‐95 pairs were more commonly found associated with 5‐HT cells than the other VGLUT types. These data support a prominent contribution of glutamate axons expressing VGLUT2 to the excitatory drive of DR neurons. The current study also emphasizes the use of array tomography as a quantitative approach to understand the fine molecular architecture of microcircuits in a well‐preserved neuroanatomical context. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3802‐3814, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An experience report: porting the MG‐RAST rapid metagenomics analysis pipeline to the cloud
Authors: Wilke Andreas , Wilkening Jared , Glass Elizabeth M. , Desai Narayan L. , Meyer Folker 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYExisting applications in computational biology typically favor a local cluster based integrated computational platform. We present a lessons learned type report for scaling up an existing metagenomics application that outgrew the available local cluster hardware. In our example, removing a number of assumptions linked to tight integration allowed to expand beyond one administrative domain, increase the number and type of machines available for the application, and also improved scaling properties of the application. The assumptions made in designing the computational client make it well suitable for deployment as a virtual machine inside a cloud. This paper discusses the decision process and describes the suitability of deploying various bioinformatics computations to distributed heterogeneous machines. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation and evaluation of a self‐organizing artificial hormone system to assign time‐dependent tasks
Authors: Pacher Mathias , Brinkschulte Uwe 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYWe present a new method to assign tasks, which are connected by time dependencies within a heterogeneous environment, (e.g., several resources communicating with each other). Our approach for task distribution uses an artificial hormone system, which is self‐organizing and able to meet real‐time constraints. Several enhancements to the artificial hormone system have been made, such as partial suppressing of tasks and distributed task termination.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth morphology of gypsum in the presence of copolymers
Authors: Montagnino D. , Costa E. , Massaro F. R. , Artioli G. , Aquilano D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractGypsum is the most abundant natural sulphate, and in industrial application it plays an important role in gypsum based binders. Furthermore, it plays a critical role in the hydration of Portland cement, and then gypsum is one of the most important cement additive. In this paper we investigated the role of two commercial polymeric additives in modifying the crystal habits and size of gypsum, growth in aqueous solution. These two additives belong to the categories of acrylic polymers and they are known only by their commercial names of SP1 and SP3. We found that these substances can act as shape modifiers mainly at concentration over 0.04% by weight, with a shortening in the elongation of gypsum crystal and some change in the characters of {001} form, from stepped to flat, due to a change in the growth mechanism. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural investigation and electronic band transitions of nanostructured TiO2 thin films
Authors: Sebnem Cetin S. , Corekci S. , Cakmak M. , Ozcelik S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film was deposited on n‐Si (100) substrate by reactive DC magnetron sputtering system at 250 °C temperature. The deposited film was thermally treated for 3 h in the range of 400‐1000 °C by conventional thermal annealing (CTA) in air atmosphere. The effects of the annealing temperature on the structural and morphological properties of the films were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. XRD measurements show that the rutile phase is the dominant crystalline phase for the film annealed at 800 °C. According to AFM results, the increased grain sizes indicate that the annealing improves the crystalline quality of the TiO2 film. In addition, the formation of the interfacial SiO2 layer between TiO2 film and Si substrate was evaluated by the transmittance spectra obtained with FTIR spectrometer. The electronic band transitions of as‐deposited and annealed films were also studied by using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy at room temperature. The results show that the dislocation density and microstrain in the film were decreased by increasing annealing temperature for both anatase and rutile phases. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enhancement of the emission from TeO2 nanorods by encapsulation with ZnO
Authors: Jin Changhyun , Kim Hyunsu , Lee Chongmu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTeO2‐core/ZnO‐shell nanorods were synthesized by a two–step process comprising thermal evaporation of Te powders and atomic layer deposition of ZnO. Scanning electron microscopy images exhibit that the core‐shell nanorods are 50 ‐ 150 nm in diameter and up to a few tens of micrometers in length, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the cores and shells of the core‐shell nanorods were polycrystalline simple tetragonal TeO2 and amorphous ZnO with ZnO nanocrystallites locally, respectively. Photoluminescence measurement revealed that the TeO2 nanorods had a weak broad violet band at approximately 430 nm. The emission band was shifted to a yellowish green region (∼540 nm) by encapsulation of the nanorods with a ZnO thin film and the yellowish green emission from the TeO2‐core/ZnO‐shell nanorods was enhanced significantly in intensity by increasing the shell layer thickness. The highest emission was obtained for 125 ALD cycles (ZnO coating layer thickness: ∼15 nm) and its intensity was much higher than that of the emission from the uncapsulated TeO2 nanorods. The origin of the enhancement of the emission by the encapsulation is discussed in detail. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Minimizing multiplayer interactive delay in multihop wireless networks
Authors: Liu Kun‐Hsuan , Li Jung‐Shian , Wang Chun‐Yen , Chilamkurti Naveen , Vasilakos Athanasios V. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYMinimizing the schedule frame length in spatial time division multiple access networks is essential in enhancing the performance of multiplayer interactive applications in multiple‐group multicasting environments. In this paper, the joint link scheduling and multiple‐group communication problem in such networks is referred to as a real‐time multiple‐group communication tree scheduling (RMGCTS) problem in which the objective is to minimize the total schedule frame length. It is shown that the RMGCTS problem can be represented as an integer linear programming problem. Two particular RMGCTS problems are considered, namely, back‐to‐back RMGCTS for applications with a receiving‐jitter constraint, and general RMGCTS for applications with a delay constraint. Two heuristic algorithms, designated as back‐to‐back scheduling and level‐by‐level scheduling, are proposed to provide efficient solutions of the back‐to‐back and general RMGCTS problems by maximizing the spatial reuse capability within each time slot, thereby minimizing the schedule frame length. The simulation results show that the proposed schemes yield an effective reduction in the length of the multicast schedule frame compared to that obtained from existing tree‐based or pure‐color scheduling algorithms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of the Regio‐ and Diastereoselectivity for the Preparation of Highly Functionalized Terpenic Cyclopentanes through Radical Cyclization
Authors: Arteaga Jesús F. , Diéguez Horacio R. , González‐Delgado José A. , Quílez del Moral José F. , Barrero Alejandro F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe titanocene‐mediated cyclization of suitably functionalized acyclic C10 epoxy‐polyprenes leads, with moderate stereoselectivity, to high yields of functionalized terpenic cyclopentanes with three contiguous stereogenic centers. These highly functionalized cyclopentanes are useful intermediates for the synthesis of several natural compounds that include this interesting subunit in their structure. Both the regioselectivity of the process leading to cyclopentanes and the stereoselectivity of the cyclization could be controlled by using malonyl derivatives or α,β‐unsaturated nitriles as radical acceptors.
Synthesis of Calixarene‐Linked Discotic Triphenylene
Authors: Yang Fafu , Guo Hongyu , Xie Jianwei , Lin Jianrong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe syntheses of new macrocyclic molecules containing calixarene and discotic triphenylene units in good yields are reported. Structural and conformational characterization of these new compounds was achieved by UV/Vis, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy; mass spectrometry; and elemental analysis. The liquid‐crystalline behavior was studied by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction. The symmetrical calix[4]arene‐linked triphenylene dimer with a C10 chain (2b) exhibited the liquid‐crystalline behavior of a calixarene bowlic column with two triphenylene units as ancillary lateral columns.
Bu4N[Fe(CO)3(NO)]‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Dieskau André P. , Begouin Jeanne‐Marie , Plietker Bernd 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe nucleophilic Fe complex Bu4N[Fe(CO)3(NO)] (TBAFe) has been used as a highly active catalyst for the mild hydrosilylation of a variety of functionalized aldehydes and ketones using inexpensive PMHS as stoichiometric reductant. The corresponding alcohols were obtained in good‐to‐excellent yields at low catalyst loadings of only 1 mol‐% and reaction temperatures of 30–50 °C.
Inelastic displacement demands in steel structures and their relationship with earthquake frequency content parameters
Authors: Málaga‐Chuquitaype C. , Elghazouli A. Y. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThis paper deals with the estimation of peak inelastic displacements of SDOF systems, representative of typical steel structures, under constant relative strength scenarios. Mean inelastic deformation demands on bilinear systems (simulating moment resisting frames) are considered as the basis for comparative purposes. Additional SDOF models representing partially‐restrained and concentrically‐braced (CB) frames are introduced and employed to assess the influence of different force‐displacement relationships on peak inelastic displacement ratios. The studies presented in this paper illustrate that the ratio between the overall yield strength and the strength during pinching intervals is the main factor governing the inelastic deformations of partially‐restrained models and leading to significant differences when compared with predictions based on bilinear structures, especially in the short‐period range. It is also shown that the response of CB systems can differ significantly from other pinching models when subjected to low or moderate levels of seismic demand, highlighting the necessity of employing dedicated models for studying the response of CB structures. Particular attention is also given to the influence of a number of scalar parameters that characterise the frequency content of the ground motion on the estimated peak displacement ratios. The relative merits of using the average spectral period Taver, mean period Tm, predominant period Tg, characteristic period Tc and smoothed spectral predominant period To of the earthquake ground motion, are assessed. This paper demonstrates that the predominant period, defined as the period at which the input energy is maximum throughout the period range, is the most suitable frequency content scalar parameter for reducing the variability in displacement estimations. Finally, noniterative equivalent linearisation expressions based on the secant period and equivalent damping ratios are presented and verified for the prediction of peak deformation demands in steel structures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MMP9 deficiency does not decrease blood–brain barrier disruption, but increases astrocyte MMP3 expression during viral encephalomyelitis
Authors: Savarin Carine , Stohlman Stephen A. , Rietsch Anna M. , Butchi Niranjan , Ransohoff Richard M. , Bergmann Cornelia C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractExpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP9 correlates with blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption during many neuroinflammatory diseases. During neurotropic coronavirus virus (JHMV) induced encephalomyelitis, MMP9 activity is restricted to neutrophils. Furthermore, myeloid cell depletion implicated MMP9 in facilitating leukocyte central nervous system (CNS) infiltration via loss of BBB integrity. The requirement of MMP9 in BBB disruption was thus assessed in JHMV infected MMP9 deficient (MMP9−/−) mice. Depletion of neutrophils reduced CNS accumulation of monocytes and T cells, albeit without affecting overall pathogenesis. By contrast, infected MMP9−/− mice revealed no differences in CNS leukocyte infiltration, composition or localization, consistent with BBB disruption similar to wild‐type (WT) mice. Unimpaired T cell mediated virus control supported an unexpectedly redundant role of MMP9 in promoting leukocyte access to the brain parenchyma. Although MMP9 deficiency did not expand the overall limited pattern of MMP expression during JHMV infection, it coincided with MMP3 upregulation. MMP3 expression remained largely confined to astrocytes, similar to WT mice. These data demonstrate that neutrophil‐derived MMP9 is not the sole mediator facilitating parenchymal leukocyte entry via BBB disruption during viral encephalomyelitis. Moreover, significantly enhanced MMP3 expression by astrocytes in infected MMP9−/− mice suggests an active role of resident cells in participating and potentially collaborating with infiltrating cells in regulating BBB permeability. Overall, these results highlight the complexity of targeting individual MMPs as a strategy to regulate inflammation. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PERCEPTIONS OF HEALTH RISK AND SMOKING DECISIONS OF YOUNG PEOPLE
Authors: Gerking Shelby , Khaddaria Raman 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYUsing the Annenberg Perception of Tobacco Risk Survey 2, this paper finds that perceived risk deters smoking among persons aged 14–22 years who think that it is relatively difficult to quit smoking and that onset of deleterious health effects occurs relatively quickly. Perceived health risk, however, does not affect the smoking status of young people who hold the opposite beliefs. These results are consistent with predictions of rational addiction models and suggest that young people, who view smoking as more addictive and health effects as more immediate, may have greater incentive to consider long‐term health effects in their decision to smoke. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AR4 climate model performance in simulating snow water equivalent over Catskill Mountain watersheds, New York, USA
Authors: Anandhi Aavudai , Frei Allan , Pradhanang Soni M. , Zion Mark S. , Pierson Donald C. , Schneiderman Eliot M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this study, we evaluate the ability of GCMs participating in the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) to simulate variability in the snow water equivalent (SWE) in New York City Water Supply watersheds located northwest of NYC in the Catskill Mountains. SWE is estimated using an empirical temperature‐based degree day model. Inputs to this model are either measured with historical meteorological (1961–2000) data or a GCM model output for the same historical period. The evaluation of the GCMs is based on a skill score developed using probability distribution functions derived from the time series of simulated snowpack. From the skill scores (SS) calculated, the GCMs are ranked based on their ability to simulate the snowpack. These results have implications for selecting a subset of GCM simulations for climate change impact assessments in New York City's water supply.Results show that the GFDL 2·0 (gf001) model has the highest SS (0·93) and CCSM (ncc09) model has the lowest SS (0·26). On the basis of the SS, the GCM ensemble members are classified into three categories: high, medium and low performance. The probability density functions for the three performance classes show the largest between‐model variability for models in low performance class. Differences between the means and medians of observation‐based model simulation and GCM‐based simulation were greatest in the low‐performance class. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Craniofacial defect regeneration using engineered bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Yang Yi , Hallgrimsson Benedikt , Putnins Edward E. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLarge craniofacial bony defects remain a significant clinical challenge. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSCs) constitute a multipotent population. Previously, we developed a novel approach for BM‐MSC expansion on 3D CultiSpher‐S gelatin microcarrier beads in spin culture with preservation of their multipotentiality, reduction of apoptosis, and enhancement of bone formation in vivo. Here, we hypothesized that such cultured BM‐MSCs without exogenous growth factors would respond to the orthopedic microenvironment, thus promoting craniofacial defect regeneration. BM‐MSCs isolated from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic rats were ex vivo expanded and transplanted into critical‐sized (5‐mm diameter) rat calvaria defects. Gelatin beads or defect alone served as controls. By 28 and 42 days, rats were sacrificed for microcomputed tomography (microCT), histologic, and immunohistochemistry examination. MicroCT results demonstrated that BM‐MSCs were a statistically significant factor contributing to new bone volume regeneration. Histologic assessment showed that the BM‐MSCs group produced more and higher quality new bone compared with beads or defect‐alone groups in both osteoinductive and osteoconductive manners. Specifically, immunohistochemical staining identified GFP+ cells residing in new bone lacunae in conjunction with non‐GFP+ cells. Therefore, ex vivo expanded BM‐MSCs at least in part regenerated critical‐sized calvaria defects by osteogenic differentiation in vivo. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 99A: 74–85, 2011.
Effects of laminin‐coated carbon nanotube/chitosan fibers on guided neurite growth
Authors: Huang Yi‐Cheng , Hsu Sung‐Hao , Kuo Wen‐Chun , Chang‐Chien Cheng‐Lun , Cheng Henrich , Huang Yi‐You 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study assesses the ability and potential of carbon nanotube (CNT)/chitosan to guide axon re‐growth after nerve injuries. The CNT/chitosan fibers were produced via the coagulation and hydrodynamic focusing method. Fiber width and morphology were adjusted using such parameters as syringe pumping rate and the coagulant used. The CNT/chitosan fiber diameters were 50–300 μm for syringe pumping rates of 6–48 mL/h. Polyethylene glycol/NaOH (25%, w/w) solution was a suitable coagulant for forming fibers with small diameters. Physical property tests demonstrate that the CNT/chitosan composites had superior tensile strength and electrical conductivity compared with those of chitosan alone. The MTT and LDH tests reveal that CNT/chitosan composites were not cytotoxic. To improve the neural cell affinity of CNT/chitosan fibers, laminin was incorporated onto fiber surfaces via the oxygen plasma technique; cell adhesion ratio increased significantly from 3.5% to 72.2% with this surface modification. Immunofluorescence staining and SEM imaging indicate that PC12 cells adhered successfully and grew on the laminin (LN)‐coated CNT/chitosan films and fibers. Experimental results show that PC12 grown on LN‐coated CNT/chitosan fibers in vitro extend longitudinally oriented neurites in a manner similar to that of native peripheral nerves. With the inherent electrical properties of CNTs, oriented CNT/chitosan fibers have a potential for use as nerve conduits in nerve tissue engineering. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 99A: 86–93, 2011.