bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overall survival and PD‐L1 expression in metastasized malignant melanoma
Authors: Gadiot Jules , Hooijkaas Anna I. , Kaiser Andrew D. M. , van Tinteren Harm , van Boven Hester , Blank Christian 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Cancers are known to elude the immune system, for example, by MHC loss, FAS up‐regulation, or increased secretion of TGF‐beta. Recently, ligands of coinhibitory receptors like programmed cell death ligand–1 (PD‐L1, B7‐H1) have come to attention for their role in tumor immune escape. Various tumors have been tested for PD‐L1 expression, and conflicting results were obtained regarding its correlative impact on patient survival. This study aimed to determine the prognostic relevance of PD‐L1 expression for the survival of melanoma patients.METHODS:Paraffin‐embedded nevi, primary melanoma, and in‐transit, lymph node, and distant organ metastases from a set of 63 stages III‐IV melanoma patients referred to the Netherlands Cancer Institute between 2000 and 2004 for a sentinel‐node procedure or systemic therapy were studied. A large effort was invested in validating specific PD‐L1 staining. In addition to immunological factors such as T‐cell infiltration (CD8, CD4, and regulatory T cells), TGF‐beta and MHC‐I expression were assessed.RESULTS:Longitudinal analysis revealed no relevant PD‐L1 expression on primary melanoma compared with metastatic disease. No significant correlations with prognosis were found regarding immunological factors, whereas known prognostic markers such as Breslow thickness and sex could be confirmed. Analyses of the overall survival of our patient cohort did not reveal a negative association with PD‐L1 expression.CONCLUSIONS:Correlation of overall survival with PD‐L1 expression by melanoma cells remains controversial, and future clinical studies should focus on antibody validation and time of analysis in respect to disease progression. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Prostate cancer risk in the Swedish AMORIS study
Authors: Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Garmo Hans , Holmberg Lars , Walldius Göran , Jungner Ingmar , Hammar Niklas , Lambe Mats 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:In a cohort including 5112 prostate cancer (pCa) patients, the authors investigated associations among triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and pCa while taking into account glucose.METHODS:A cohort (n = 200,660) based on 4 groups of men, according to age at cohort entry, with TG, TC, and glucose measurements was selected from the Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk (AMORIS) database. Of these, 5112 men developed pCa. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze associations among TG, TC, and pCa. Competing risks were assessed graphically.RESULTS:Age‐stratified analyses for quartiles of TG, TC, and glucose showed a negative association between glucose and pCa risk (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.86‐1.01), 0.93 (0.86‐1.01), 0.87 (0.81‐0.94) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles compared with the first (Ptrend = .001). Stratified analysis by glucose levels (<6.11 or ≥6.11 mmol/L) showed a positive association between hypertriglyceridemia (TG≥1.71 mmol/L) and pCa risk, when there were high glucose levels (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.48). No association was found for hypercholesterolemia (TC≥6.50 mmol/L). Competing risk analysis showed that protective effects of glucose were overestimated in conventional Cox proportional hazard models and strengthened positive findings between TG and pCa risk.CONCLUSIONS:The authors'; findings supported the hypothesis that factors of the glucose and lipid metabolism influence pCa risk. Competing risk assessment showed that it is important to take into account the long natural history and age distribution of pCa when interpreting results. The authors'; findings indicate another reason to fight the increasing prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
A phase 2 trial of dasatinib in advanced melanoma
Authors: Kluger Harriet M. , Dudek Arkadiuz Z. , McCann Carrie , Ritacco Jean , Southard Nadine , Jilaveanu Lucia B. , Molinaro Annette , Sznol Mario 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Inhibiting src kinases (non‐receptor tyrosine kinase signaling intermediates) reduces melanoma cell proliferation and invasion. Dasatinib inhibits c‐kit, PDGFβR, and EPHA2 and src kinases c‐src, c‐Yes, Lck, and Fyn. A phase 2 trial of dasatinib in melanoma was conducted to assess response rate (RR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and toxicity.METHODS:Adults with stage 3/4 chemotherapy‐naïve unresectable melanoma were eligible. Dasatinib was initially administered at 100 mg twice daily continuously to 17 patients. Due to toxicity, the starting dosage was decreased to 70 mg twice daily. Tumor assessments occurred every 8 weeks.RESULTS:Thirty‐nine patients were enrolled, 36 of whom were evaluable for activity and toxicity. Five, 4, and 3 patients had acral‐lentiginous, ocular, or mucosal primaries, respectively. Two patients had confirmed partial responses lasting 64 and 24 weeks (RR 5%). Three patients had minor responses lasting 136, 64, and 28 weeks, and 1 patient who was responding discontinued due to noncompliance. The median PFS was 8 weeks; the 6‐month PFS rate was 13%. One patient with an exon‐13 c‐kit mutation had a partial response, whereas disease in another patient with an exon‐11 c‐kit mutation progressed. Common toxicities were fatigue, dyspnea, and pleural effusion.CONCLUSIONS:Daily dasatinib has minimal activity in unselected melanoma patients, excluding those with c‐kit mutations. The study did not meet the prespecified endpoints of 30% response rate or 6‐month PFS. Dasatinib was poorly tolerated overall, often requiring dose reduction or interruption. Because activity was observed in a small subset without c‐kit mutations, identifying predictive biomarkers is important for future development of dasatinib in melanoma alone or in combination trials. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Nucleation Rates of Methanol Using the SAFT‐0 Equation of State
Authors: Obeidat Abdalla , Gharaibeh Maen , Ghanem Hasan , Hrahsheh Fawaz , Al‐Zoubi Nora , Wilemski Gerald 
Published: November 2010

AbstractClassical and nonclassical calculations of nucleation rates are presented for methanol, an associating vapor system. The calculations use an equation of state (EOS) that accounts for the effects of molecular association based on the statistical association fluid theory (SAFT). Two forms of classical nucleation theory (CNT) were studied: a Gibbsian form known as the P‐form and the standard or S‐form. CNT P‐form calculations and nonclassical gradient theory (GT) calculations were made using the SAFT‐0 EOS. Calculated rates were compared to the experimental rates of Strey, et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 1986, 84, 2325–2335]. Very little difference was found between the two forms of CNT for either the temperature (T) or supersaturation (S) dependence of the rates. Nucleation rates based on GT showed improved T and S dependence compared to CNT. The GT rates were also improved by factors of 100‐1000 compared to CNT. Despite these improvements, GT does not describe the reported T and S dependence of the nucleation rates. To explore this further, the GT and experimental rates were analyzed using Hale’s scaled model [J. Chem. Phys. 2005, 122, 204 509]. This analysis reveals an inconsistency between the predictions of GT, which scale relatively well, and the experimental data, which do not scale. It also shows that the measured rate data have an anomalous T and S dependence. A likely source of this anomaly is the inadequate thermodynamic data base for small cluster properties that was used originally to correct the raw rate data for the effects of association.
Reusable Task‐Specific Ionic Liquids for a Clean ε‐Caprolactam Synthesis under Mild Conditions
Authors: Turgis Raphaël , Estager Julien , Draye Micheline , Ragaini Vittorio , Bonrath Werner , Lévêque Jean‐Marc 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBrønsted‐acidic ionic liquids that bear a sulfonic acid group, known as Forbes acids, show a good catalytic activity for the Beckmann rearrangement, used to prepare ε‐caprolactam, which is a precursor of Nylon 6. The activity essentially stems from the acidity of the sulfonic acid group. Although these task specific ionic liquids suffer from a high viscosity, this drawback can be circumvented at higher temperatures. A combination of the hydrogen sulfate anion and the sulfonic acid group of the cation is needed to obtain the rearrangement product rapidly under mild conditions. When using an excess of ionic liquid, we postulate that the internal pressure of the ionic medium, generated by the high viscosity and the high number of hydrogen‐bonds, is strong enough to contribute to a decrease of the thermodynamic barrier. In accordance with the “Principles of Green Chemistry,” we have developed a synthesis of ε‐caprolactam that requires no additional chemicals except cyclohexanone oxime and the reusable TSIL.
Role of estrogen in spermatogenesis in initial phase males of the three‐spot wrasse (Halichoeres trimaculatus): Effect of aromatase inhibitor on the testis
Authors: Kobayashi Yasuhisa , Nozu Ryo , Nakamura Masaru 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe three‐spot wrasse, Halichoeres trimaculatus, is a protogynous hermaphrodite. Under appropriate social conditions, female fish can become male. Previous studies indicated that estrogens are important regulators of sex change in this fish. However, the role of estrogen in the male is not known. To clarify the involvement of estrogen in spermatogenesis in hermaphrodite fish, we treated initial phase (IP) males for 10 weeks with exemestane, an aromatase inhibitor (AI), to block estrogen synthesis. Fish treated with AI exhibited decreases in gonadal weight, plasma estrogen levels, and spermatogonial proliferation in the testis, together with increases in androgen levels. Additionally, we confirmed that exogenous estrogen treatments stimulated the renewal and proliferation of spermatogonia in the testis of IP males. These results indicate that estrogens play an important role in regulating spermatogenesis in this fish. Developmental Dynamics, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An automatic control parameter tuning method for differential evolution
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoshi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDifferential Evolution (DE) is an evolutionary algorithm that has shown excellent ability for solving global optimization problems over continuous spaces. DE has a few control parameters that must be set by the user. The ability of DE depends on these control parameters, and in many cases, trial‐and‐error processes are required for finding suitable values. This paper proposes a method for tuning the DE control parameters automatically. The control parameters are tuned within the DE search process. When this method is used, the finding of appropriate control parameter values by trial and error is not required. To evaluate its performance, the proposed method was applied to nine benchmark function optimization problems. The results indicate that the proposed method achieved 100% success in solving optimization problems without a major increase in the number of generations required for finding the optimum solution. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(3): 25–33, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21047
Sensorless suppression control for frame vibration of PMSM
Authors: Shimada Arinori , Kawai Kenji , Zanma Tadanao , Doki Shinji , Ishida Muneaki 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIt is well known that frame vibration occurs in driving permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). The authors have suggested a method for suppression of frame vibration by means of Fourier series and repetitive control. The method requires an acceleration sensor and a position sensor. However, the use of such a sensor is not desirable from the point of view of system cost. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of sensorless suppression control of frame vibration. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by experiments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(3): 53–61, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21048
Two‐degree‐of‐freedom model matching control of shift‐by‐wire system with emergency mechanical link
Authors: Osamura Kensuke , Kobayashi Sinya , Nagano Masaharu , Hirata Mitsuo , Adachi Shuichi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new shift‐by‐wire system having a standby mechanical link with backlash is proposed. The link directly connects the select lever and the manual lever of the automatic transmission in case of emergency. Thus, it is necessary to keep the backlash free during normal operations without generating a force. The angles of the manual lever driven by an actuator should follow the angles of the select lever exactly and quickly. A two‐degree‐of‐freedom model matching control is developed to meet this requirement. It is shown that the backlash is kept free during the range select operation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(3): 45–52, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21049
Model‐based feedforward compensation for disturbance during inching and reciprocating motions
Authors: Yamamoto Masafumi , Iwasaki Makoto , Ito Kazuaki , Matsui Nobuyuki 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a feedforward compensation approach for nonlinear disturbances in ball‐screw‐driven table positioning systems. The compensator design is focused on minimizing the effects of nonlinear disturbances on positioning performance. This is achieved through the use of a mathematical model of precise micrometer disturbance characteristics produced by nonlinear spring behaviors during inching and reciprocating motions. Based on this model, feedforward disturbance compensation is applied in order to improve the disturbance suppression capability. The effectiveness of the proposed positioning control approach has been verified by experiments using a table drive system on a machine stand. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(3): 34–44, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21054
Field trial on a rack‐mounted DC power supply system with 80‐Ah lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Matsushima Toshio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUsing an industrial lithium‐ion battery that has higher energy density than conventional valve‐regulated lead‐acid batteries, a rack‐mounted DC power supply system was assembled and tested at a base transceiver station (BTS) offering actual services. The nominal output voltage and maximum output current of the system are 53.5 V and 20 A, respectively. An 80‐Ah lithium‐ion battery composed of 13 cells connected in series was applied in the system and maintained by the floating charge method. The DC power supply system was installed in a 19‐inch power rack in the telecommunications equipment box at BTS. The characteristics of the 80‐Ah lithium‐ion battery, the specifications of the DC power supply system, and field‐test results are presented in this paper. \copy 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(3): 1–8, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21067
Guiding the “misguided” – functional conditioning of dendritic cells for the DC‐based immunotherapy against tumours
Authors: Huang Fang‐Ping , Chen Yu‐Xiao , To Christina KW 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe concept of DC‐based tumour vaccine has been tested both clinically and experimentally for the past two decades. Even though only limited success has been achieved to date, DC vaccination remains a promising immunological approach against tumours and deserves further exploration. It aims to elicit and establish specific immunity to destroy tumours. By such an approach, DC are used not only as a vector to deliver tumour antigens, but also as a “natural adjuvant” to boost vaccine efficacy. Tumours are however of mutated “self”, to which the host immune system is essentially tolerated in the absence of external perturbation otherwise. Such a live cell‐based approach is unfortunately extremely sensitive to, hence its efficacy inevitably limited by, the tumour microenvironment. Certain immunosuppressive mechanisms triggered by the tumour cells are therefore major obstacles against successful DC vaccination. Attempts have since been made in order to overcome these hurdles. This brief review summarises some of the earlier and current findings, and compares the effectiveness of various approaches used in these studies. It focuses particularly on strategies aimed at enhancing DC immunogenicity, through molecular modifications and functional conditioning of the cell vectors, targeting both the positive and negative regulators of DC functions. By dissecting the roles of DC in immunity versus tolerance induction, and the very mechanisms underlying autoimmunity, we examine further and try to explain how the suppressed or “misguided” immunity may be alternatively switched‐on and more effectively redirected for cancer therapy.
Counter‐regulation mechanism of IL‐4 and IFN‐α signal transduction through cytosolic retention of the pY‐STAT6:pY‐STAT2:p48 complex
Authors: Kim Seol‐Hee , Lee Choong‐Eun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIFN‐α and IL‐4 induce Th1 and Th2 responses, respectively, and often display antagonistic actions against each other. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of counter‐regulation, we have investigated the signal interception by IFN‐α and IL‐4, employing a human B‐cell line Ramos, sensitive to both cytokines. In these cells, IFN‐α effectively inhibited IL‐4‐induced Fc epsilon receptor II (CD23) expression, whereas IL‐4 suppressed IFN‐α‐mediated IRF7 expression. The counter‐regulatory action by IL‐4 and IFN‐α proceeded with a delayed kinetics requiring 4 h. Notably, IFN‐α did not affect the IL‐4‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT6, but induced a time‐dependent cytoplasmic accumulation of phosphotyrosine(pY)‐STAT6 and a corresponding decrease in nuclear pY‐STAT6. By confocal analysis and co‐immunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrated the colocalization and molecular interaction of IL‐4‐induced pY‐STAT6 with IFN‐α‐induced pY‐STAT2:p48 in the cytosol. In addition, the over‐expression of STAT2 or STAT6 induced the concomitant cytosolic accumulation of pY‐STAT6 or pY‐STAT2, leading to the suppression of IL‐4‐induced CD23 or IFN‐α‐induced IRF7 gene expression, respectively. Our data suggest that the signals ensued by IFN‐α and IL‐4 induce cytoplasmic sequestration of IL‐4‐activated STAT6 and IFN‐α‐activated STAT2:p48 in B cells through the formation of pY‐STAT6:pY‐STAT2:p48 complex, which provides a novel mechanism by which IFN‐α and IL‐4 cross‐regulate their signaling into the nucleus.
Supercritical fluid extraction of lipids from broccoli leaves
Authors: Arnáiz Esther , Bernal José , Martín María Teresa , García‐Viguera Cristina , Bernal José Luis , Toribio Laura 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and fractionation of lipids from broccoli leaves is presented in this work. For this purpose the effect of the different variables on the extraction was studied, obtaining the best results at 60°C, 300 bar and 3 mL/min. Two different fractions were obtained: First, the samples were extracted with pure CO2, and afterward the residual material was extracted using CO2 modified with 15% of methanol. The total fatty acid content of the extracts was determined by GC‐MS and compared with those results obtained by Soxhlet extraction with hexane and a chloroform/methanol (2:1) mixture. The SFE extracts presented a higher percentage of unsaturated fatty acids, especially the polyunsaturated 18:3 n − 3. The methodology was successfully applied to the analysis of the fatty acid composition of the leaves from five different cultivars of broccoli. In all the samples the main fatty acids were α‐linolenic (18:3 n − 3), linoleic (18:2 n − 6), and palmitic (16:0). Among the different cultivars analyzed, Naxos variety presented the highest levels in fatty acids, while Parthenon and Viola the lowest.Practical applications: The proposed method allows the fractionation of lipids from broccoli leaves using a small volume of organic solvent and mild conditions. This is advantageous compared to conventional methods where large volumes or organic solvents are used, and the cost and time for the removal of these solvents, along with the possibility of degradation and toxicity, are the major disadvantages. The results obtained contribute to a better compositional characterization and a possible revaluation of this by‐product as a source of biologically active compounds.
Efficient and Complementary Methods Offering Access to Synthetically Valuable 1,2‐Dibromobenzenes
Authors: Diemer Vincent , Leroux Frédéric R. , Colobert Françoise 
Published: November 2010

Abstract1,2‐Dibromobenzenes are highly valuable precursors for various organic transformations, in particular, reactions based on the intermediate formation of benzynes. This report describes short sequences for the synthesis of various derivatives based on regioselective bromination,ortho‐metalation, and halogen/metal permutations. 1,2‐Dibromo‐3‐iodobenzene (2f), 1,2‐dibromo‐4‐iodobenzene (4c), and 2,3‐dibromo‐1,4‐diiodobenzene (5e) act as intermediates in these syntheses.
New Umpolung Catalysts: Reactivity and Selectivity of Terpenol‐Based Lithium Phosphonates in Enantioselective Benzoin‐Type Couplings
Authors: Gliga Anca , Klare Helge , Schumacher Maria , Soki Francis , Neudörfl Jörg M. , Goldfuss Bernd 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTwo new classes of terpenol‐based lithium phosphonates, i.e. phenylfenchyl phosphonates and 2,2′‐biphenyldiylbis(terpenyl) phosphonates, are employed as umpolung catalysts for the enantioselective cross benzoin coupling. The structural characteristics of the phosphonates were investigated by means of X‐ray, 31P‐NMR analyses as well as DFT computations. The chiral lithium phosphonates were found to catalyze the cross benzoin coupling with enantioselectivities up to 54 % ee. For the phenylfenchyl phosphonates, the catalyst reactivities highly depend on the substituents in benzylic position. Modification of benzylic >CH2 to >C(CF3)2 significantly increases the yield from 19 to 92 %. For phenylfenchyl phosphonate pre‐catalysts, substitution of the benzylic >CH2 group by >C(CF3)2 changes the sense of enantioselectivity from S‐ to the R‐configured benzoin product.
A Cascade Annulation Based Convergent Approach to Racemic Tetrodotoxin (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 35/2010)
Authors: Cagide‐Fagín Fernando , Alonso Ricardo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows furfural and dihydroxyacetone, which are two compounds that can be obtained from plant sources, for example, from olive stones and sugar beets, respectively. These compounds can be used as building blocks for a convergent, cascade annulation based synthetic approach to the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin isolated from puffer fish. Details are discussed in the article by F. Cagide‐Fagín and R. Alonso on p. 6741 ff.
openWNS—a simulation platform for IMT‐advanced systems
Authors: Bültmann D. , Mühleisen M. , Max S. , Klagges K. , Schinnenburg M. , Walke B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe open source wireless network simulator (openWNS) is presented. It has been released in January 2009 as open source software. openWNS is a dynamic event driven system level simulation platform useful for investigation of dynamic protocol behaviour in multi‐cellular mobile radio network scenarios with detailed signal interference modelling. The platform follows a modular design down to atomic protocol building blocks, making possible to rapidly modify and extend a protocol stack implemented. openWNS includes models from physical to application layer and is supported by a large number of Unit Tests. The tool has been used for IMT‐Advanced evaluation within the European WINNER+ evaluation group. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.