bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asset poverty in Korea: Levels and composition based on Wolff's definition
Authors: Kim Kyo‐seong , Kim Yun Min 
Published: February 2012

Kim K‐S, Kim YM. Asset poverty in Korea: levels and composition based on Wolff's definitionThe main purpose of the study was to lay the groundwork for establishing a more effective asset‐building policy through accurate measurement and analysis of the level and composition of the asset‐poor Korean population. We defined four asset poverty lines according to the concepts of basic needs, limited period of time and wealth‐type resources from Wolff's operational definition. The size of the Korean asset‐poor population, when considered from the perspectives of net assets and liquid assets, was found to remain around 12.7–13.2 and 32.8–36.5 per cent respectively. This study suggests that it is necessary to establish a differentiated asset‐building policy by age group and to prepare more realistic alternatives to solve housing problems, while empirically verifying the need for an accurate asset poverty line which reflects the definition of asset poverty.
Experimental study of the effect of variation inin‐situstress on capillary residual trapping during CO2geo‐sequestration in sandstone reservoirs
Authors: SAEEDI A. , REZAEE R. , EVANS B. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDuring a geo‐sequestration process, CO2injection causes an increase in reservoir pore pressure, which in turn decreases the reservoir net effective stress. Changes in effective stress can change all the reservoir and cap‐rock properties including residual saturations. This article presents the results of an experimental work carried out to understand the potential change in the volumes of residually trapped CO2, while the porous medium tested underwent change in the net effective stress underin‐situreservoir conditions of pore pressure and temperature. The experimental results obtained show that an initial 1725 psi (11.9 MPa) decrease in the net effective pressure caused 1.4% reduction in the volumes of residually trapped CO2, while another 1500 psi (10.3 MPa) reduction caused a further 3.2% drop in the residual saturation of CO2.
Bird functional diversity and wildfires in the Amazon: the role of forest structure
Authors: Hidasi‐Neto J. , Barlow J. , Cianciaruso M. V. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFire is becoming a common phenomenon in Amazonian forest, modifying the structure and composition of natural assemblages. In particular, fire is known to affect patterns of bird diversity in tropical forests, but we have little understanding of the consequences of this for the functional diversity of bird assemblages. For example, frequent fires could act as an environmental filter selecting species with similar traits and, thus, producing a functional clustering pattern. Here, we used body mass, and dietary and foraging traits to calculate the functional structure of understorey bird assemblages in Amazonian forests analysed 3 years after they had passed under three disturbance levels within the 1997–1998 El‐Niño period: unburned, burned once and burned twice. First, we tested whether observed levels of functional diversity were different among these forests and also from what one would expect by chance. Then, we investigated if habitat structure was able to predict changes in the functional structure of the studied bird assemblages. In general, there was no evidence of fire reducing functional diversity nor selecting species functionally more similar than expected by chance. Therefore, bird functional diversity was not different from random in unburned and burned forests. This provides some evidence in favour of high functional redundancy of bird species in the tropics, but also indicates that neutral theories of biodiversity, where processes such as dispersal and survival are more important than biological traits to community assembly, may apply to the assemblages studied. Also, we showed that bird assemblages from forests disturbed by wildfires have the tendency to be functionally overdispersed whereas assemblages from pristine forests tend to be functionally clustered. Thus, environmental structure, in part driven by forest responses to fire, is more important than simple categorical definitions of burn frequency for explaining trait‐based assembly rules of understorey birds in the Amazon forest.
Neuronal c‐Jun is required for successful axonal regeneration, but the effects of phosphorylation of its N‐terminus are moderate
Authors: Ruff Crystal A. , Staak Nils , Patodia Smriti , Kaswich Mark , Rocha‐Ferreira Eridan , Da Costa Clive , Brecht Stephan , Makwana Milan , Fontana Xavier , Hristova Mariya , Rumajogee Prakasham , Galiano Matthias , Bohatschek Marion , Herdegen Thomas , Behrens Axel , Raivich Gennadij 
Published: February 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 607–618.AbstractAlthough neural c‐Jun is essential for successful peripheral nerve regeneration, the cellular basis of this effect and the impact of c‐Jun activation are incompletely understood. In the current study, we explored the effects of neuron‐selective c‐Jun deletion, substitution of serine 63 and 73 phosphoacceptor sites with non‐phosphorylatable alanine, and deletion of Jun N‐terminal kinases 1, 2 and 3 in mouse facial nerve regeneration. Removal of the floxed c‐jun gene in facial motoneurons using cre recombinase under control of a neuron‐specific synapsin promoter (junΔS) abolished basal and injury‐induced neuronal c‐Jun immunoreactivity, as well as most of the molecular responses following facial axotomy. Absence of neuronal Jun reduced the speed of axonal regeneration following crush, and prevented most cut axons from reconnecting to their target, significantly reducing functional recovery. Despite blocking cell death, this was associated with a large number of shrunken neurons. Finally, junΔS mutants also had diminished astrocyte and microglial activation and T‐cell influx, suggesting that these non‐neuronal responses depend on the release of Jun‐dependent signals from neighboring injured motoneurons. The effects of substituting serine 63 and 73 phosphoacceptor sites (junAA), or of global deletion of individual kinases responsible for N‐terminal c‐Jun phosphorylation were mild. junAA mutants showed decrease in neuronal cell size, a moderate reduction in post‐axotomy CD44 levels and slightly increased astrogliosis. Deletion of Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)1 or JNK3 showed delayed functional recovery; deletion of JNK3 also interfered with T‐cell influx, and reduced CD44 levels. Deletion of JNK2 had no effect. Thus, neuronal c‐Jun is needed in regeneration, but JNK phosphorylation of the N‐terminus mostly appears to not be required for its function.
Microbiosensor for Alzheimer’s disease diagnostics: detection of amyloid beta biomarkers
Authors: Prabhulkar Shradha , Piatyszek Rudolph , Cirrito John R. , Wu Ze‐Zhi , Li Chen‐Zhong 
Published: February 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 374–381.AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) affects about 35.6 million people worldwide, and if current trends continue with no medical advancement, one in 85 people will be affected by 2050. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a cost‐effective, easy to use, sensor platform to diagnose and study AD. The measurement of peptide amyloid beta (Aβ) found in CSF has been assessed as an avenue to diagnose and study the disease. The quantification of the ratio of Aβ1–40/42 (or Aβ ratio) has been established as a reliable test to diagnose AD through human clinical trials. Therefore, we have developed a multiplexed, implantable immunosensor to detect amyloid beta (Aβ) isoforms using triple barrel carbon fiber microelectrodes as the sensor platform. Antibodies act as the biorecognition element of the sensor and selectively capture and bind Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 to the electrode surface. Electrochemistry was used to measure the intrinsic oxidation signal of Aβ at 0.65 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), originating from a single tyrosine residue found at position 10 in its amino acid sequence. Using the proposed immunosensor Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 could be specifically detected in CSF from mice within a detection range of 20–50 nM and 20–140 nM respectively. The immunosensor enables real‐time, highly sensitive detection of Aβ and opens up the possibilities for diagnostic ex vivo applications and research‐based in vivo studies.
Activation of Elk‐1 participates as a neuroprotective compensatory mechanism in models of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Anglada‐Huguet Marta , Giralt Albert , Perez‐Navarro Esther , Alberch Jordi , Xifró Xavier 
Published: February 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 639–648.AbstractThe transcription factor Elk‐1 has been revealed as neuroprotective against toxic stimuli. In this study, we explored the neuroprotective capacity of Elk‐1 in Huntington’s disease. To this aim, we used two exon‐1 mutant huntingtin (mhtt) mouse models (R6/1 and R6/2), and a full‐length mhtt striatal cell model (STHdhQ111/Q111). Analysis of Elk‐1 and pElk‐1Ser383 in the striatum of R6 mice revealed increased levels during the disease progression. Similarly, Elk‐1 and pElk‐1Ser383 levels were increased in STHdhQ111/Q111 cells when compared with wild‐type cells. In addition, we observed a predominant nuclear localization of Elk‐1 in STHdhQ111/Q111 cells, and in the striatum of 30‐week‐old R6/1 mice. Nuclear Elk‐1 did not colocalize with mhtt aggregates, suggesting a higher transcriptional activity. In agreement, the knock‐down of Elk‐1 decreased immediate early genes expression in STHdhQ111/Q111 cells, but not in wild‐type cells. Interestingly, reduction of Elk‐1 levels by siRNAs transfection promoted cell death and caspase 3 cleavage in STHdhQ111/Q111 cells, but not in wild‐type cells. In summary, we propose that increased protein levels, phosphorylation and nuclear localization of Elk‐1 observed in exon‐1 and full‐length Huntington’s disease models could be a compensatory mechanism activated by striatal cells in response to the presence of mhtt that contributes to neuroprotection.
Serum vascular endothelial growth factor in dogs with soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Fernandes de Queiroz G. , Lúcia Zaidan Dagli M. , Aparecida Meira S. , Maria Matera J.  
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis work aimed to evaluate serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 25 dogs with soft tissue sarcoma, and in 30 healthy dogs. Blood was collected once time from the control animals and three times, in the same way, from animals with sarcoma. Blood count was performed in the blood collected, and serum VEGF was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay quantitative method. Serum VEGF in control animals was similar to patients with soft tissue sarcoma. There was a reduction in serum VEGF after the sarcoma resection. There was positive correlation between serum VEGF and neutrophil counts, and negative between VEGF and hemoglobin content in animals with sarcoma. Animals with hemangiopericytoma showed higher serum VEGF levels compared to the patients with malignant peripheral nerve sheath. Circulating blood cells can contribute to elevate VEGF serum concentrations in dogs with soft tissue sarcomas and a possible role of VEGF in the angiogenesis of these tumors.
Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of apocrine sweat gland adenocarcinomas in cats
Authors: Haziroglu R. , Haligur M. , Keles H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSeven adenocarcinomas of apocrine sweat glands among the 67cutaneous tumours of cats were evaluated between 1980 and 2005. Histopathologically, three tumours were solid, tubular, tubular‐ductal, tubular‐cystic and papillar‐cystic types were also diagnosed each one. Cuboidal and squamous epithelial cells surrounding the cystic lumina and their papillar extensions into the cyst lumens were evident in almost all tumour types. Besides, fibrovascular stroma which surrounding neoplastic foci showed proliferation and stromal invasion. Immunohistochemical features of these tumours were examined with pan‐cytokeratin, vimentin and carcinoembryonic antigen.
Teaching the Y generation obstetrics and gynaecology skills: A survey of medical students' thoughts on a new program
Authors: Paterson Helen , Kenrick Kristin , Wilson Don 
Published: February 2012

BackgroundDelivering undergraduate obstetrics and gynaecology teaching to classes of increasing size in ways which will foster student interest in the discipline is becoming increasingly challenging. With major curriculum change implemented at Otago Medical School in 2008, we had the opportunity to rise to this challenge.AimTo assess an innovative obstetrics and gynaecology history‐taking and examination skills unit, introduced to third‐year medical students.MethodA survey of medical students and pregnant women who participated in the unit.ResultsThere was a 92% response rate from students and a 73% response from the pregnant women who took part. Overall feedback was positive from both groups, with the unit being highly rated across a number of parameters.ConclusionDespite increasing limitations on staffing, obstetric clinical skills can be taught to large class sizes with close contact between students and specialists, safely incorporating the use of ‘real patients’. Students are very positive about this exposure to O&G, and we hope that this may result in increased student confidence and interest in O&G, with a subsequent improvement in recruitment.
The Nurse as a Social Worker
Authors: La Motte Ellen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn the early twentieth century the role of the Public Health Nurse (PHN) was expanding to meet the needs of individuals, families, and communities. Among the ideas discussed in the early nursing literature was that of the social nurse. This role was conceptualized as a combined nurse and social worker. Much of the PHNs work was with people of the poorer classes who needed assistance with both the medical aspects of their disease, as well as help with social needs such as food, rent money, and bedding. In this reprint from The Visiting Nurse Quarterly (), Ellen La Motte, Nurse‐in‐Chief with the Tuberculosis Division of the Baltimore Health Department, argued for this combined role based on economic efficiency. As she pointed out, it was “economic waste” to have two sets of workers going into homes when the nurse was capable, with additional education, of carrying out both roles. Additionally, from La Motte's perspective the only way the nurse could move beyond her role as the “physician's handmaiden” was through “social training” that prepared her for a broader scope of practice than that received in the hospital‐based nursing schools. In the end, however, she left it open to nurses as “reasonable beings” to determine the direction the profession would take on this issue. La Motte's words provide historical context for issues contemporary public health nursing leaders are addressing, such as inter‐professional boundaries between nurses and public health workers, reductions in the public health workforce, and economic constraints faced by the healthcare system. The Institute of Medicine mandate for inter‐professional practice within the healthcare system, however, presents opportunities for exploring new roles and practice models for nurses in conjunction with our partners in public health.
Cliniconeuropathologic correlations show astroglial albumin storage as a common factor in epileptogenic vascular lesions
Authors: Raabe Anna , Schmitz Ann Kristin , Pernhorst Katharina , Grote Alexander , von der Brelie Christian , Urbach Horst , Friedman Alon , Becker Albert J. , Elger Christian E. , Niehusmann Pitt 
Published: February 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Intracerebral vascular malformations including cavernous angiomas (CAs) and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are an important cause of chronic pharmacoresistant epilepsies. Little is known about the pathogenetic basis of epilepsy in patients with vascular malformations. Intracerebral deposits of iron‐containing blood products have been generally regarded as responsible for the strong epileptogenic potential of CAs. Here, we have analyzed whether blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and subsequent astrocytic albumin uptake, recently described as critical trigger of focal epilepsy, represent pathogenetic factors in vascular lesion–associated epileptogenesis.Methods:  We examined the correlation between hemosiderin deposits, albumin accumulation, and several clinical characteristics in a series of 80 drug‐refractory epilepsy patients with CAs or AVMs who underwent surgical resection. Analysis of clinical parameters included gender, age of seizure onset, epilepsy frequency, duration of epilepsy before surgery, and postoperative seizure outcome classification according to Engel class scale. Hemosiderin deposits in the adjacent brain tissue of the vascular lesion were semiquantitatively analyzed. Fluorescent double‐immunohistochemistry using GFAP/albumin costaining was performed to study albumin extravasation.Key Findings:  Our results suggest that a shorter duration of preoperative epilepsy is correlated with significantly better postsurgical outcome (p < 0.05), whereas no additional clinical or neuropathologic parameter correlated significantly with the postsurgical seizure situation. Intriguingly, we observed strong albumin immunoreactivity within the vascular lesion and in perilesional astrocytes (57.65 ± 4.05%), but not in different control groups.Significance:  Our present data on albumin uptake in brain tissue adjacent to AVMs and CAs suggests BBB dysfunction and accumulation of albumin within astrocytes as a new pathologic feature potentially associated with the epileptogenic mechanism for vascular lesions and provides novel therapy perspectives for antiepileptogenesis in affected patients.
On the ictogenic properties of the piriform cortex in vitro
Authors: Panuccio Gabriella , Sanchez Gonzalo , Lévesque Maxime , Salami Pariya , de Curtis Marco , Avoli Massimo 
Published: February 2012

SummaryPurpose:  The piriform cortex (PC) is known to be epileptic‐prone and it may be involved in the manifestation of limbic seizures. Herein, we have characterized some electrophysiologic and pharmacologic properties of the spontaneous epileptiform activity generated by PC networks maintained in vitro.Methods:  We performed field potential recordings from the PC in coronal or sagittal rat brain slices along with pharmacologic manipulations of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and glutamatergic signaling during application of the convulsant drug 4‐aminopyridine (4AP, 50 μm).Key Findings:  Coronal and sagittal preparations generated interictal‐like and ictal‐like epileptiform discharges with similar duration and frequency. Ictal‐like discharges in sagittal slices were initiated mostly in the PC anterior subregion, whereas interictal activity did not have any preferential site of origin. In sagittal slices, high frequency oscillations (HFOs) at 80–200 Hz were detected mainly at the beginning of the ictal discharge in both posterior and anterior subregions. N‐Methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism abolished ictal discharges, but failed to influence interictal activity. In the absence of ionotropic glutamatergic transmission, PC networks generated slow, GABA receptor–dependent events. Finally, GABAA receptor antagonism during application of 4AP only, abolished ictal discharges and disclosed recurrent interictal activity.Significance:  Our findings demonstrate that PC networks can sustain in vitro epileptiform activity induced by 4AP. HFOs, which emerge at the onset of ictal activity, may be involved in PC ictogenesis. As reported in several cortical structures, ionotropic glutamatergic neurotransmission is necessary but not sufficient for ictal discharge generation, a process that also requires operative GABAA receptor–mediated signaling.
Fabrication of a Hollow Obturator as a Single Unit for Management of Bilateral Subtotal Maxillectomy
Authors: Patil Pravinkumar G. , Patil Smita P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractProsthetic rehabilitation with an obturator for a total or subtotal maxillectomy patient is a challenging task, as there are little or no residual maxillary structures to depend on for support, retention, and stability of the prosthesis. This clinical report describes the prosthodontic management of a patient operated on for a bilateral subtotal maxillectomy secondary to ameloblastoma of the palate with a closed hollow obturator. The processing technique described in this article to fabricate the hollow obturator is a variation of other well‐known techniques. The variation comprises the use of a wax bolus to maintain a predictable internal dimension for a hollow obturator. This technique allows fabrication of a complete hollow obturator prosthesis as a single unit in heat‐polymerized acrylic resin using a single‐step flasking procedure.
A Technique for Impressing the Severely Resorbed Mandibular Edentulous Ridge
Authors: Chandrasekharan Nair K. , Kunnekel Ashish T. , Verma Mahesh , Gupta Rajiv K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPatients presenting with severe resorption of the residual alveolar ridges are relatively common today in both private practices and teaching institutions. The severely resorbed mandibular ridge is more challenging to impress than is the maxillary ridge. Accurately capturing the denture‐bearing surface in its entirety is crucial to providing the patient with a functionally successful prosthesis. This article presents a technique to overcome the difficulties encountered in impressing the severely resorbed mandibular ridge using elastomeric impression materials and a modified special custom tray.
Comparison of the Marginal Adaptation of Zirconium Dioxide Crowns in Preparations with Two Different Finish Lines
Authors: Euán Raúl , Figueras‐Álvarez Oscar , Cabratosa‐Termes Josep , Brufau‐de Barberà Magí , Gomes‐Azevedo Susana 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of zirconium dioxide crowns in preparations with two different finish line configurations before and after porcelain firing cycles, after a glaze cycle, and after cementation.Materials and Methods: Twenty human molar teeth were prepared to receive full crowns; ten were prepared with a 90° round shoulder and another ten with a 45° chamfer finish line. Zirconium dioxide copings were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology (Lava™ system). They were then veneered with a low‐fusing glass‐ceramic (IPS e.max® Ceram). Finally, they were glazed and cemented with a resin‐composite cement (RelyX™ Unicem, Aplicap™). Measurements for marginal adaptation using stereomicroscopy (40×) were performed at four stages: copings (S1), after porcelain firing cycles (S2), after glazing (S3), and after cementation (S4). One‐way ANOVA was used to assess the influence of the finish line design on the marginal adaptation in each stage. Two‐way ANOVA with repeated measurements was performed to assess the influence on the marginal adaptation of the porcelain firing cycles, glaze firing cycle, and cementation.Results: The measured marginal gap mean values for the shoulder group (μm) were: 50.13 (S1), 54.32 (S2), 55.12 (S3), and 59.83 (S4). The values for the chamfer group were: 63.56 (S1), 71.85 (S2), 74.12 (S3), and 76.97 (S4). When comparing marginal gaps between specimens with two different finish lines, differences were noticed at the four studied stages (p= 0.0165, p= 0.0027, p= 0.0009, and p= 0.0009, respectively). No differences were manifested in the marginal gap measurements of the shoulder group at the different stages of fabrication (p= 0.4335); however, in the chamfer group, differences were noticed between S1 and S3 (p= 0.0042).Conclusions: Marginal adaptation was influenced by the finish line design. The firing cycles significantly affected the chamfer group; nevertheless, the marginal gap was within the range of clinical acceptability.