bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body checking induces an attentional bias for body‐related cues
Authors: Smeets Elke , Tiggemann Marika , Kemps Eva , Mills Jennifer S. , Hollitt Sarah , Roefs Anne , Jansen Anita 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:Theoretical models suggest that body checking is linked to biased cognitive processing. However, this link has not been investigated in any systematic way. The present study examined the influence of body checking on attentional bias for body‐related cues by manipulating body checking behaviors in nonclinical participants.Method:66 women were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: body checking, body exposure, or control. A body visual search task was used to measure attentional bias.Results:Participants in the body checking condition showed speeded detection of body‐related information compared to participants in the exposure and control conditions. No evidence was found for increased distraction by body‐related information. Furthermore, participants in the body checking condition reported more body dissatisfaction after the manipulation than participants in the body exposure and control conditions.Discussion:These results are the first to experimentally establish the link between body checking and attentional bias toward body‐related cues. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:50–57)
Digestive complication in severe malnourished anorexia nervosa patient: A case report of necrotizing colitis
Authors: Diamanti Antonella , Basso Maria Sole , Cecchetti Claudio , Monti Lidia , Noto Cristian , De Maria Francesco , Castro Massimo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground:Necrotizing colitis (NC) represents a severe, although rare, complication in patients with anorexia nervosa.Objective:We report the only case of NC with good prognosis in a severely malnourished AN patient.Method:Available patient records, imaging, and biochemical data were evaluated.Discussion:This case represents an unusual gastrointestinal complication and underlines the important clinical role that Parentera Nutrition (PN) has for some selected very malnourished AN patients. The severe starvation may compromise the normal function of gastrointestinal tract and it can also lead to an incomplete tolerance of enteral refeeding thus making PN required to reach the nutritional rehabilitation. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:91–93)
Binge eating is not associated with elevated eating, weight, or shape concerns in the absence of the desire to lose weight in men
Authors: De Young Kyle P. , Lavender Jason M. , Anderson Drew A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether the desire to lose weight moderates the association between objective binge eating episodes (OBEs) and eating and body image‐related psychopathology in men.MethodParticipants (N = 404) completed questionnaires assessing eating and body image psychopathology and were grouped based on the presence of OBEs and the desire to lose weight.ResultsThe desire to lose weight was found to moderate the relationships between the presence of OBEs and restraint, eating concerns, shape concerns, and weight concerns but not the presence of fasting, purging, driven exercise, or body image dissatisfaction. In fact, men who experienced OBEs engaged in similar rates of purging regardless of whether they desired to lose weight.DiscussionThe results of this study suggest that disordered eating behaviors may be manifested differently in some men compared to what is typically observed in women, with over one‐quarter of men who reported binge eating following this unusual pattern. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:732–736
Anorexia nervosa and Wernicke Korsakoff's syndrome: Atypical presentation by acute psychosis
Authors: Altinyazar Vesile , Kiylioglu Nefati , Salkin Gokhan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA 16‐year‐old girl was admitted to the emergency department because of acute changes in mental state such as paranoid and nihilistic delusions, confabulations, and distortions of body schema perception. Her history was compatible with anorexia nervosa in that she had lost more than 17 kg in weight over one and a half years. Her body mass index was 14. She was diagnosed with Wernicke Korsakoff's syndrome and was given intravenous thiamine at 250 mg/day. Response was dramatic for nystagmus and gait incoordination but not for other symptoms. After dosage was increased to 750 mg/day all symptoms including psychosis improved. With her increase in food consumption, secondary deterioration was observed and diagnosed as refeeding syndrome. After proper replacements she was completely normal in the 9th month, and her weight was 55 kg. This patient was interesting for the presenting symptoms (psychosis), and improvement by high doses of thiamine replacement, and also for refeeding syndrome during this period. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:766–769
Marked enhancement of antigen‐specific T‐cell responses by IL‐7‐fused nonlytic, but not lytic, Fc as a genetic adjuvant
Authors: Nam Hyo Jung , Song Mi‐Young , Choi Dong‐Hoon , Yang Se‐Hwan , Jin Hyun‐Tak , Sung Young‐Chul 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIL‐7 plays a crucial role in the homeostatic proliferation, differentiation and survival of T cells, as well as in the survival and proliferation of precursor B cells. Here, we demonstrated that utilizing nonlytic Fc‐fused IL‐7 (IL‐7‐Fcm) as a genetic adjuvant significantly enhanced not only CD4+ but also CD8+ T‐cell responses by E7 DNA immunization, in addition to improving protection against TC‐1‐induced tumors in comparison to IL‐7 alone. Similar results were obtained in OT‐1 adoptive transfer experiments with OVA DNA injection, suggesting independence from antigenic nature and experimental conditions. In particular, the increased frequency of CD8+ T cells was mainly due to enhanced T‐cell proliferation in T‐cell priming, and not to decreased cellular apoptosis. Interestingly, the enhanced adjuvant effect was not seen in the co‐delivery of lytic Fc‐fused IL‐7 (IL‐7‐Fc) which increases T‐cell apoptosis as well as T‐cell proliferation, suggesting that the T‐cell proliferative effect may be neutralized by T‐cell apoptosis. Thus, our findings suggest that nonlytic Fc, in contrast to lytic Fc, fusion to cytokines may provide an insight in designing a potent genetic adjuvant for inducing CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses.
Direct antigen presentation by DC shapes the functional CD8+ T‐cell repertoire against the nuclear self‐antigen La‐SSB
Authors: Keech Catherine L. , Pang Ken C. , McCluskey James , Chen Weisan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractControversy still surrounds the importance of cross‐presentation versus endogenous or direct presentation of MHC‐I restricted Ag in CD8+ T‐cell (TCD8+) immunity. It is even less clear what relative role these pathways play in shaping the T‐cell repertoire specific for ubiquitous self‐antigens, especially in cases where both Ag presentation pathways could potentially be involved. Here we provide evidence that a TCD8+ repertoire specific for a determinant from the nuclear autoantigen La‐SSB is largely shaped by direct presentation. In this system, mouse TCD8+ reactive to a xenogeneic human La (hLa51–58) Kb peptide did not recognize directly presented peptide on either spleen cells from hLa‐Tg mice or hLa transfected syngeneic cells. Interestingly, the same TCD8+ were activated by in vivo challenge with allogeneic APC expressing either the Tg hLa or loaded with intact recombinant hLa protein, indicating functional cross‐presentation of the hLa51–58. However, in irradiated bone marrow chimeric mice, DC expressing Tg hLa, but not WT DC that matured in hLa‐Tg mice, constitutively presented the hLa51–58 to TCD8+. These data demonstrate that although both the direct‐ and cross‐presentation pathways are potentially operative in revealing hLa51–58 to TCD8+, the TCD8+ repertoire to this determinant is shaped quantitatively according to the efficiency of Ag presentation.
A role for IL‐18 in protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Schneider Bianca E. , Korbel Daniel , Hagens Kristine , Koch Markus , Raupach Bärbel , Enders Jana , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. , Mittrücker Hans‐Willi , Schaible Ulrich E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTuberculosis remains the most hazardous bacterial infection worldwide. The causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a facultative intracellular pathogen of resting MΦ. IFN‐γ secreted by natural killer, CD4 Th 1 and CD8 T cells upon instruction by IL‐12 and ‐18 activates MΦ to restrict mycobacterial growth. Production of both cytokines is induced by TLR signalling in DC and MΦ. Mice deficient for the TLR adaptor, MyD88, are highly susceptible to M. tuberculosis infection. Shared usage of MyD88 by signalling cascades for TLR and receptors for IL‐1 and IL‐18 prompted us to revisit the role of IL‐18 during experimental infection with M. tuberculosis. We show that mice deficient for IL‐18 and MyD88 but not for IL‐18 receptor promptly succumbed to M. tuberculosis infection in contrast to WT or TLR‐2/‐4 double KO mice indicating that lack of IL‐18 contributes to the high susceptibility of MyD88 KO mice to M. tuberculosis. Without IL‐18, the protective Th1 response was decreased and hence, mycobacterial propagation was favoured. Neutrophil‐driven lung immunopathology concomitant with unrestrained growth of tubercle bacilli are most likely responsible for the premature death of IL‐18 KO mice. Thus, IL‐18 plays a decisive role in protective immunity against tuberculosis.
Adenosine mediated desensitization of cAMP signaling enhances T‐cell responses
Authors: Yang Ailian , Mucsi Ashley D. , Desrosiers Melanie D. , Chen Jiang‐Fan , Schnermann Jürgen B. , Blackburn Michael R. , Shi Yan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAdenosine has long been regarded as a crucial anti‐inflammatory agent that protects the host from excessive damage. It has been reported to play an important role in suppressing immune activation, particularly that of T cells. However, it is a general observation that induction of T‐cell activation is an efficient event despite the high adenosine levels that are often present in the affected host due to injury or stress. We report here that prior to antigenic stimulationviaTCR/CD3, exposure of T cells to adenosine desensitizes adenosine receptors, so as to create a window of time where the T cells are insensitive to this ubiquitous suppressor. T cells from mice that were pre‐exposed to this manipulation showed stronger responses to antigenic stimulation; therefore, the P1 adenosine receptor desensitization demonstrated an adjuvant‐like effect. Our results suggest that adenosine receptor desensitization may be a mechanism for T cells to escape the general suppression during early points of T‐cell activation and may emerge as a potential alternative for vaccine adjuvants.
An active CD8α/pMHCI interaction is required for CD8 single positive thymocyte differentiation
Authors: Kang Yoon‐Joong , Wang Xiaosong , Lin Sue‐Jane , Hsu Yen‐Ming , Chang Hsiu‐Ching 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRecognition of viral antigenic peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex class I molecules (MHCI) by TCR is critical for initiating the responses of CD8+ T cells that ultimately lead to elimination of virus‐infected cells. This antigen recognition is enhanced by the CD8 coreceptor through its interaction with the peptide‐MHCI complexes (pMHCI). Mouse CD8αβ can form two different complexes with pMHCI via either the CD8α‐ or CD8β‐dominated interaction. To understand the functional significance of these complexes in vivo, we generated Tg mice carrying a variant CD8αβ (CD8αm3β) capable of forming only the CD8β‐dominated CD8αβ/pMHCI complex. These mice show sub‐optimal thymic differentiation with reduced populations of CD8+ single‐positive thymocytes. Tg CD8+ T cells exhibit a compromised developmental capacity when competing with CD8+ T cells from B6 mice in mixed bone marrow chimera experiments. However, once these CD8+ T cells have emigrated to the peripheral lymphoid organs, they exhibit normal effector function against viral infection. Our observations indicate that, in addition to the CD8 activity conferred by CD8β‐dominated CD8αβ/pMHCI complexes, full thymocyte differentiation requires additional coreceptor activities conferred by CD8αα and/or CD8αβ with CD8α‐dominated CD8/pMHCI complexes.
TLR2‐independent induction and regulation of chronic intestinal inflammation
Authors: Boulard Olivier , Asquith Mark J. , Powrie Fiona , Maloy Kevin J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInteractions between the intestinal microflora and host innate immune receptors play a critical role in intestinal homeostasis. Several studies have shown that TLR2 can modulate inflammatory responses in the gut. TLR2 signals enhance tight junction formation and fortify the epithelial barrier, and may play a crucial role in driving acute inflammatory responses towards intestinal bacterial pathogens. In addition, TLR2 agonists can have direct effects on both Th1 cells and Treg. To define the role of TLR2 in the induction and regulation of chronic intestinal inflammation we examined the effects of TLR2 deletion on several complementary models of inflammatory bowel disease. Our results show that TLR2 signals are not required for the induction of chronic intestinal inflammation by either innate or adaptive immune responses. We further show that TLR2−/− mice harbor normal numbers of Foxp3+ Treg that are able to suppress intestinal inflammation as effectively as their WT counterparts. We also did not find any intrinsic role for TLR2 for pathogenic effector T‐cell responses in the gut. Thus, in contrast to their role in acute intestinal inflammation and repair, TLR2 signals may have a limited impact on the induction and regulation of chronic intestinal inflammation.
Splenic stromal cells mediate IL‐7 independent adult lymphoid tissue inducer cell survival
Authors: Hou Tie Zheng , Mustafa Mohammad Z. , Flavell Sarah J. , Barrington Fern , Jenkinson Eric J. , Anderson Graham , Lane Peter J. L. , Withers David R. , Buckley Christopher D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLymphoid tissue inducer cells (LTi) play an important role in the development of lymphoid tissue in embryos. Adult CD4+CD3− LTi‐like cells present a similar phenotype and gene expression to their embryonic counterpart and have important roles in CD4+ T‐cell memory and lymphoid tissue recovery following viral infection. However, adult LTi‐like cells are heterogeneous populations and the factors that regulate their survival and accumulation within secondary lymphoid organs remain unclear, in particular whether the T‐zone stroma is involved. Here we report the identification and characterization of a distinct subset of podoplanin+ murine splenic stromal cells that support adult LTi‐like cell survival. We have identified and isolated CD45−podoplanin+ stromal cell populations which have a similar but distinct phenotype to T‐zone reticular cells in LN. CD45−podoplanin+ fibroblast‐like cells mediate LTi‐like cell survival in vitro; surprisingly this was not dependent upon IL‐7 as revealed through blocking Ab experiments and studies using LTi‐like cells unable to respond to γ chain cytokines. Our findings show that adult LTi‐like cells require extrinsic signals from podoplanin+ splenic stromal cells to survive and suggest that IL‐7 is not necessary to mediate their survival in the adult spleen.
Diversity and clonotypic composition of influenza‐specific CD8+ TCR repertoires remain unaltered in the absence of Aire
Authors: Kedzierska Katherine , Valkenburg Sophie A. , Guillonneau Carole , Hubert Francois‐Xavier , Cukalac Tania , Curtis Joan M. , Stambas John , Scott Hamish S. , Kedzierski Lukasz , Venturi Vanessa , Davenport Miles P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTCR repertoire diversity is important for the protective efficacy of CD8+ T cells, limiting viral escape and cross‐reactivity between unrelated epitopes. The exact mechanism for selection of restricted versus diverse TCR repertoires is far from clear, although one thought is that the epitopes resembling self‐peptides might select a limited array of TCR due to the deletion of autoreactive TCR. The molecule Aire promotes the expression of tissue‐specific Ag on thymic medullary epithelial cells and the deletion of autoreactive cells, and in the absence of Aire autoreactive cells persist. However, the contribution of Aire‐dependent peptides to the selection of the Ag‐specific TCR repertoire remains unknown. In this study, we dissect restricted (DbNP366%+CD8+) and diverse (DbPA224%+CD8+, KdNP147%+CD8+) TCR repertoires responding to three influenza‐derived peptides in Aire‐deficient mice on both B6 and BALB/c backgrounds. Our study shows that the number, qualitative characteristics and TCR repertoires of all influenza‐specific, DbNP366%+CD8+, DbPA224%+CD8+ and KdNP147%+CD8+ T cells are not significantly altered in the absence of Aire. This provides the first demonstration that the selection of an Ag‐specific T‐cell repertoire is not significantly perturbed in the absence of Aire.
Requirements for control of B‐cell lymphoma by NK cells
Authors: Brenner Christoph D. , King Susan , Przewoznik Margarethe , Wolters Imke , Adam Christian , Bornkamm Georg W. , Busch Dirk H. , Röcken Martin , Mocikat Ralph 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe role of NK cells in the control of endogenously arising tumors is still unclear. We monitored activation and effector functions of NK cells in a c‐myc‐transgenic mouse model of spontaneously arising lymphoma. At early stages, tumors demonstrated reduced MHC class I expression and increased expression of natural killer group 2D ligands (NKG2D‐L). NK cells in these tumors showed an activated phenotype that correlated with the loss of tumor MHC class I. With increasing tumor load however, NK‐cell effector functions became progressively paralyzed or exhausted. In later stages of disease, tumors re‐expressed MHC class I and lost NKG2D‐L, suggesting a role of these two signals for NK cell‐mediated tumor control. Testing a panel of lymphoma cell lines expressing various MHC class I and NKG2D‐L levels suggested that NK cell‐dependent tumor control required a priming and a triggering signal that were provided by MHC class I down‐regulation and by NKG2D‐L, respectively. Deleting either of the “two signals” resulted in tumor escape. At early disease stages, immune stimulation through TLR‐ligands in vivo efficiently delayed lymphoma growth in a strictly NK cell‐dependent manner. Thus, NK‐receptor coengagement is crucial for NK‐cell functions in vivo and especially for NK cell‐mediated tumor surveillance.
Tartatric Acid and L‐Cysteine Synergistic‐Assisted Synthesis of Antimony Trisulfide Hierarchical Structures in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Pan Jun , Xiong Shenglin , Xi Baojuan , Li Jiangfa , Li Jiangying , Zhou Hongyang , Qian Yitai 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAlveolate amorphous Sb2S3 microspheres about 2 μm in diameter were hydrothermally synthesized in aqueous solution without the use of a surfactant at 180 °C by using SbCl3, L‐cysteine, and tartaric acid as starting materials. After annealing at 250 °C for 3 h under a nitrogen atmosphere, polycrystalline Sb2S3 hollow spheres were obtained. The morphology, structure, and phase composition of alveolate Sb2S3 microspheres were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that tartaric acid and L‐cysteine play a key role in the formation of such hierarchical structures. In addition, the possible aggregation mechanism was proposed to illustrate the formation of Sb2S3 microspheres on the basis of the experimental results and analyses.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Observation and Interpretation of Structural Variety in Alkaline Earth Metal Derivatives of Diphosphanyldisiloxane
Authors: Kopecky Peter , von Hänisch Carsten , Weigend Florian , Kracke Andreas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAlkaline earth metal derivatives of the diphosphanyldisiloxane O(SiiPr2PH2)2 (1) were obtained by reactions of 1 with MgBu2 and M{N(SiMe3)2}2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba), respectively. The metal complexes formed were characterised by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and IR spectroscopy as well as by single‐crystal structure analysis. The solid‐state structures depend on the metal ion involved. The magnesium derivative crystallizes from thf as a trimer and exhibits a six‐membered Mg3P3 ring. In contrast, the Ca und Sr derivatives show a dimeric structure via formation of M2P2 rings (M = Ca, Sr). Eventually, the Ba derivative forms a dimeric structure with an octahedral P4Ba2 moiety. Quantum chemical investigations indicate that the structural variety is a consequence of accessibility and spatial extent of the d‐orbitals of the alkaline earth metal atoms.
Synthesis and Characterisation of 2,2‐Bis(hydroxymethyl)‐1,3‐diselenolato Metal(II) Complexes Bearing Various Phosphanes
Authors: Niksch Tobias , Görls Helmar , Friedrich Manfred , Oilunkaniemi Raija , Laitinen Risto , Weigand Wolfgang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn improved synthesis of 4,4‐bis(hydroxymethyl)‐1,2‐diselenolane and the complexation properties of the corresponding diselenolato dianion to group‐10 metals are reported. We describe an efficient and straightforward procedure that bypasses the isolation of the malodorous and air‐sensitive diselenol and starts with the diselenide and an appropriate group‐10 metal complex bearing phosphane and chlorido ligands. A series of complexes with various mono‐ and bidentate phosphanes is prepared and characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the structure of most complexes is studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction to establish their supramolecular arrangement in the solid state. Consequently, several group‐10 metal complexes with P–M–P angles (bite angles) in the range from 71–108° are investigated. The use of the sterically demanding bridging phosphane 4,5‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene, which exhibits a large bite angle yields a mixture of a di‐ and trinuclear complex. While the platinum‐containing complexes are proven to be rather stable, the palladium and nickel analogues tend to decompose. Especially, the nickel complexes were found to be sensitive against oxidation. This circumstance leads to the formation of the so far unknown 1,8‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)naphthalene monooxide, the formation and structure of which could be confirmed from NMR spectroscopic data and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Mechanistic Studies on the Copper‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Ketones
Authors: Issenhuth Jean‐Thomas , Notter François‐Paul , Dagorne Samuel , Dedieu Alain , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation of ketones is an efficient method for the synthesis of chiral enantiopure secondary alcohols. Herein, we present a detailed computational study (DFT/B3LYP) of the copper(I)‐catalyzed reaction. In particular, the two transition states involved in the catalytic cycle have been determined. The insertion of the ketone into the Cu–H bond was found to have a lower activation barrier than the reaction of the copper alkoxy intermediate with the silane, which regenerates Cu–H along with the silyl ether product. Our findings also reveal the importance of the copper hydride dimer in controlling the reactivity toward the ketone. The conclusions are supported by experimental mechanistic investigations including kinetic studies, kinetic isotope effect, and isotope labeling measurements.