bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exact prime density reproduced through resonant tunneling across a double barrier system
Authors: Pal Charli Chinmayee , Mahapatra Prasanta Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A solid-state experiment based on quantum tunneling is proposed to reproduce the natural numbers and prime numbers as resonant tunneling energies in a double barrier system (DBS). For getting the prime numbers as eigenvalues the well potential is considered as the superposition of a smooth potential which is estimated using a semi-classical approach and a weak local fluctuating potential. We use the transfer matrix approach and finite element method by taking only the smooth part of the potential to obtain resonant energies which reproduces the local average prime density and the local average prime gap exactly. The methodology when applied to a quadratic potential of the well, produces whole numbers as eigenvalues except for a constant zero-point energy —the energy levels of a simple harmonic oscillator.
Local Ecdysone synthesis in a wounded epithelium sustains developmental delay and promotes regeneration in Drosophila
Authors: Terry Douglas , Schweibenz Colby , Moberg Kenneth 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Regenerative ability often declines as animals mature past embryonic and juvenile stages, suggesting that regeneration requires redirection of growth pathways that promote developmental growth. Intriguingly, the Drosophila larval epithelia require the hormone ecdysone (Ec) for growth but require a drop in circulating Ec levels to regenerate. Examining Ec dynamics more closely, we find that transcriptional activity of the Ec-receptor (EcR) drops in uninjured regions of wing discs, but simultaneously rises in cells around the injury-induced blastema. In parallel, blastema depletion of genes encoding Ec biosynthesis enzymes blocks EcR activity and impairs regeneration but has no effect on uninjured wings. We find that local Ec/EcR signaling is required for injury-induced pupariation delay following injury and that key regeneration regulators upd3 and Ets21c respond to Ec levels. Collectively, these data indicate that injury induces a local source of Ec within the wing blastema that sustains a transcriptional signature necessary for developmental delay and tissue repair.
Factors that hinder critical thinking and their resolution: Is active learning the key?
Authors: Takeuchi Akiko , Jin Shigeki , Murakami Manabu , Matoba Kotaro 
Published: May 2024

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.9490
How to cite this: Takeuchi A, Jin S, Murakami M, Matoba K. Factors that hinder critical thinking and their resolution: Is active learning the key?. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(6):1313-1314. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.6.9490
Effects of dynamic versus static parameter-guided fluid resuscitation in patients with sepsis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sricharoenchai Thiti , Saisirivechakun Pannarat 
Published: May 2024

Background Fluid resuscitation is an essential component for sepsis treatment. Although several studies demonstrated that dynamic variables were more accurate than static variables for prediction of fluid responsiveness, fluid resuscitation guidance by dynamic variables is not standard for treatment. The objectives were to determine the effects of dynamic inferior vena cava (IVC)-guided versus (vs.) static central venous pressure (CVP)-guided fluid resuscitation in septic patients on mortality; and others, i.e., resuscitation targets, shock duration, fluid and vasopressor amount, invasive respiratory support, length of stay and adverse events. Methods A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted at Thammasat University Hospital between August 2016 and April 2020. Septic patients were stratified by acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) <25 or ≥25 and randomized by blocks of 2 and 4 to fluid resuscitation guidance by dynamic IVC or static CVP. Results Of 124 patients enrolled, 62 were randomized to each group, and one of each was excluded from mortality analysis. Baseline characteristics were comparable. The 30-day mortality rates between dynamic IVC vs. static CVP groups were not different (34.4% vs. 45.9%, p=0.196). Relative risk for 30-day mortality of dynamic IVC group was 0.8 (95%CI=0.5-1.2, p=0.201). Different outcomes were median (interquartile range) of shock duration (0.8 (0.4-1.6) vs. 1.5 (1.1-3.1) days, p=0.001) and norepinephrine (NE) dose (6.8 (3.9–17.8) vs. 16.1 (7.6–53.6) milligrams, p=0.008 and 0.1 (0.1-0.3) vs. 0.3 (0.1-0.8) milligram⋅kilogram−1, p=0.017). Others were not different. Conclusions Dynamic IVC-guided fluid resuscitation does not affect mortality of septic patients. However, this may reduce shock duration and NE dose, compared with static CVP guidance.
Employment Protection and Venture Capital Investment: The Impact of Wrongful Discharge Laws
Authors: Wang Wei , Yung Chris 
Published: May 2024

Wrongful discharge laws (WDLs) provide limits to the employment-at-will doctrine, and thus impair operating flexibility, increasing expected financial distress costs by making it costly to fire employees. This impairment is detrimental to start-ups, leading to a decline in venture capital (VC) investment. Using a difference-in-differences framework enabled by the staggered adoption of WDLs across the U.S. states, we show VC investment declines after a state adopts the good faith exception (the strongest form of WDL). This decline is most pronounced in sectors with high labor dependency. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01936 .
Myxoma involving the pulmonary valve – A case report of an atypical cardiac tumor, treated using an unusual approach
Authors: Bhagia Geeta , Hussain Nasir , Arty Fnu , Chakravarthy Mithun , Shah Moneal 
Published: May 2024

Background: Atypical myxoma has been reported in various locations in the heart, however, myxoma involving the pulmonary valve is rare. Here we present a case of pulmonic valve myxoma which was resected via a percutaneous approach. Case Report: A 66-year-old female with known metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented with acute onset shortness of breath for two days. The patient experienced respiratory arrest en-route to the hospital and required intubation. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the chest revealed a new 1.4 x 1.6 cm intracardiac mass along the pulmonary valve. Further evaluation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed it to be a large vascular tumor on the ventricular side of the pulmonary valve, attached with a narrow stalk. Due to high surgical risk, the patient underwent transesophageal echocardiographic guided percutaneous removal of the mass. Pathology confirmed the mass to be a myxoma. Conclusion: Atypical myxoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of valvular masses. Percutaneous resection of valvular masses may be feasible in high-risk surgical patients.
Design of the primary mirror assembly for a space gravitational wave based on the optical path variation model
Authors: Fang Sijun , Hai Hongwen , Zhang Rui , Luo Jian , Fan Wentong , Zhao Kai , Li Bohong , Song Jie , Sun Qicheng , Cao Yehao , Fan Lei , Yan Yong 
Published: May 2024

As an important component of the gravitational wave detection interferometric measurement system, the telescope’s main function is to receive and emit laser signals. Under the influence of in-orbit environmental disturbances, the telescope will experience structural deformation. This can result in changes in the propagation path of the laser within the telescope, which in turn affects the ranging accuracy. Therefore, it is necessary to suppress the optical path variation caused by the deformation of the telescope during the design phase of the telescope structure. In this paper, a calculation and analysis model of the non-geometric optical path length variation within the telescope was established using the first 36 orders of the fringe Zernike polynomials. The derivation of the geometric optical path variation within the telescope was completed, and the optical system error analysis was performed based on the internal optical path variation of the telescope as an evaluation index. The primary mirror components that meet the detection requirements were designed. The results showed that for the off-axis four-mirror optical system, under the same disturbance, the geometric optical path variation caused by the rigid displacement of the primary mirror dominates. When the environmental temperature stability is 2.8×10−6K⋅Hz−1/2 @0.1 Hz, the system’s optical path stability is reduced from the original 8.5pm⋅Hz−1/2 @0.1 Hz to 0.45pm⋅Hz−1/2 @0.1 Hz.
Design of a compact wide-band triple grating imaging spectrometer based on freeform surfaces
Authors: Chen Jianjun , Wang Linlin , Huo Limin , Kuang Cuifang , Mao Lei , Tan Mingyue , Shao Mingwei , Yin Lu 
Published: May 2024

Wide-band, high spectral resolution, and miniaturized imaging spectrometers have important applications. However, the working band, spectral resolution, and volume of the imaging spectrometers are mutually restricted. To solve this problem, we proposed a method in which multiple working bands share the same optical components except gratings, and the working bands switch with the switching of the working gratings. Based on the freeform surfaces characterized by XY polynomials, we designed a compact wide-band triple grating imaging spectrometer through the design ideas of human-computer interaction and iterative optimization. The imaging spectrometer works in the wavelength band of 200nm∼1600nm, covering ultraviolet (UV), visible, and near-infrared light, and it has a compact optical path volume of 24mm×38mm×80mm. Three gratings with 0.0025 mm, 0.005 mm, and 0.01 mm line spacing are used to realize dispersion with high diffraction efficiency in the bands of 200nm∼400nm, 400nm∼800nm, and 800nm∼1600nm, respectively. The UV detector receives imaging light in the UV band (200nm∼400nm), and the visible near-infrared (VNIR) detector receives imaging light in the visible and near-infrared bands (400nm∼1600nm). The design results show that the spectral resolutions of the three bands are 0.4 nm, 0.8 nm, and 1.6 nm, and the spectral smile and keystone distortion are less than 1.4 µm. The design results have engineering application value.
Customer Profitability Analysis in decision-making–The roles of customer characteristics, cost structures, and strategizing
Authors: Lueg Rainer , Ilieva Dima 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This study investigates the interplay between strategic goals and calculative practices, specifically Customer Profitability Analysis (CPA). Drawing on practice-based theories, the research aims to understand how managers strategize with CPA, including the balancing of financial and strategic objectives and the interplay of institutionalized practices with individual practitioners’ actions.

Design
The study uses a qualitative, revelatory, and exploratory case study approach at the sub-organizational level in a manufacturing company. The researchers compare CPA practices across six departments, guided by a phenomenological research design. Data collection methods include informal conversations, qualitative observations, written documentation, numerical evidence from the accounting system, and interviews.

Findings
The study offers four novel findings to the field. First, it highlights how managers employ procedural and interactive strategizing to reframe CPA practices. The sophistication of CPA practices increases with unevenly distributed customer volume, high customer-specific, controllable overhead, customer-to-customer interaction, and service complexity. Conversely, the sophistication of cost-focused CPA practices tends to decrease with diverse strategic goals. Additionally, CPA become more effective through the utilization of non-financial information, employee empowerment, localization, and strategic alignment. Second, CPA can be adapted through integrative strategizing where managers avoid using it as a financial benchmark for strategic initiatives. Third, accountants actively seek intermediary roles to incorporate arguments from strategy and marketing to balance strategic objectives–contrary to their portrayal as myopic guardians of profitability. Fourth, the localization of CPA practices to front-line employees compensates for a lack of sophisticated CPA practices.

Future research
Future research should, investigate the adaptation of calculative practices in different cultures, and industries. Exploring additional contextual factors such as uncertainty, management characteristics, and linguistic framing of practices would be beneficial. Examining the interactions in utilizing CPA practices between front-line staff and customers would shed light on their effectiveness. Lastly, investigating the role of consultants in diffusing such practices would offer valuable perspectives.
Levelling up health in the early years: A cost-analysis of infant feeding and healthcare
Authors: Ajetunmobi Omotomilola , McIntosh Emma , Stockton Diane , Tappin David , Whyte Bruce 
Published: May 2024

Background
Although breastfeeding is recommended as the optimal form of nutrition in the first six months, it is not sustained as the predominant mode of feeding infants in Scotland. This study estimated the impact of infant feeding choices on primary and secondary healthcare service costs in a 13-year birth cohort.

Method
Using linked administrative datasets, in a retrospective cohort design of 502,948 singletons born in Scotland between 1997 and 2009, we estimated the cost of GP consultations and hospital admissions by area deprivation and mode of infant feeding up to 6–8 weeks for ten common childhood conditions from birth to 27 months. Additionally, we calculated the potential healthcare savings if all infants in the cohort had been exclusively breastfed at 6–8 weeks. Discounting of 1.5% was applied following current health economic conventions and 2009/10 used as the base year.

Results
Over the study period, the estimated cost of hospital admissions in the cohort was £111 million and £2 million for the 2% subset of the cohort with primary care records. Within each quintile of deprivation, exclusively breastfed infants used fewer healthcare services and incurred lower costs compared to infants fed (any) formula milk. At least £10 million of healthcare costs may have been avoided if formula-fed infants had been exclusively breastfed within the first 6–8 weeks of birth.

Conclusions
This study using a representative birth cohort demonstrates how breastmilk can promote equitable child health by reducing childhood illness and healthcare utilisation in the early years.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy as an intervention for Treatment Resistant Depression in adults: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Junkes Larissa , Gherman Bruno R. , Appolinario Jose Carlos , Nardi Antonio E. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Major Depressive Disorder is a long-term, recurring, and very common illness that is associated with a significant decline in functional ability. The gold-standard method of treating depression is pharmacotherapy, which involves the use of antidepressant medications either alone or in various combinations. However, approximately 30% of Major Depressive Disorder patients suffer from Treatment Resistant Depression, a more severe condition that has a profound impact on patients’ lives. Our study aims to conduct the first comprehensive review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of adding Dialectical Behavior Therapy to antidepressant medications compared to groups using pharmacotherapy alone as an intervention for adults with Treatment Resistant Depression.

Materials and methods
We will search for publications in the following databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, Lilacs, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. We will manually review the reference lists of the included studies to identify potentially relevant studies. There will be no restrictions on the language or publication date. Quality assessment of the included studies will be performed independently according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias instrument. To assess the certainty of the findings’ body of evidence, we will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. This study aims to determine the effectiveness and safety of Dialectical Behavior Therapy as an intervention for Treatment Resistant Depression in adults.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval was not required as individual patient data was not obtained. Our intention is to publish the systematic review in a medical journal that offers open access upon completion of the process.

Trial registration
PROSPERO registration number CRD42023406301. Registered on March 24, 2023.
Comparison of the effectiveness of various methods for determining the level of metanephrines in the diagnosis of pheochromocytomas
Authors: Shikhmagomedov Sh. Sh. , Rebrova D. V. , Krasnov L. M. , Fedorov E. A. , Chinchuk I. K. , Chernikov R. A. , Rusakov V. F. , Slepstov I. V. , Zgoda E. A. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Pheochromocytoma (PHEO) is a tumor from the chromaffin tissue of the adrenal medulla, capable of hyperproduction of catecholamines. The increased production of hormones by the tumor leads to catecholamine crises, which have a pathological effect on all organs and systems. In the primary diagnosis of pheochromocytomas, it is important to determine the level of the metabolite of catecholamines — metanephrines. Currently, in clinical practice, various methods are used to determine the level of this metabolite: in blood plasma or in urine, total or only free form, fractionated analysis or unfractionated.AIM: Comparison of the effectiveness of various methods for determining the level of metanephrines for the diagnosis of pheochromocytomas.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted on a sample of patients who were initially operated on for adrenal neoplasm at the Pirogov St. Petersburg State University High Medical Technology Clinic from November 2007 to December 2022 and who passed analysis to determine the level of blood or urine metanephrins before surgical treatment. The results of tests for metanephrine and tumor size were evaluated.RESULTS: 1088 patients with adrenal neoplasms who underwent surgical treatment were examined, of which 348 had histologically confirmed the presence of pheochromocytoma. Four types of metanephrine assays were compared: free fractionated plasma metanephrines (232 patients), unfractionated daily urine metanephrines (431 patients), fractionated total daily urine metanephrines (427 patients) and fractionated free daily urine metanephrines (178 patients). The greatest sensitivity was demonstrated by the analysis of free fractionated plasma methanephrines (95.4%). Unlike others, the sensitivity of this analysis did not decrease in the group of patients with small pheochromocytomas (3 cm or less). The greatest specificity was demonstrated by the analysis of unfractionated metanephrines in daily urine (97.8%), with the lowest sensitivity among all tests (67.6%). The study of fractionated total daily urine metanephrins showed good results of sensitivity and specificity, only slightly inferior to the best indicators, and the analysis of free daily urine metanephrins demonstrated unexpectedly low efficiency. There is a positive correlation between the level of metanephrine in the blood and the size of the tumor.CONCLUSION: Based on the data obtained, the preferred assays for the primary diagnosis of pheochromocytoma can be considered the determination of fractionated free plasma metanephrines and fractionated total daily urine metanephrines, which is consistent with relevant clinical recommendations. It was found that the size of the tumor correlates with the severity of an increase in the level of metanephrins determined by any of the described methods.
Metastatic risk factors in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma
Authors: Rebrova D. V. , Loginova O. I. , Vorobyev S. L. , Vorokhobina N. V. , Kozorezova E. S. , Indeykin F. A. , Savelyeva T. V. , Sleptsov I. V. , Chernikov R. A. , Fedorov E. A. , Semenov A. A. , Chinchuk I. K. , Shikhmagomedov Sh. Sh. , Alekseev M. A. , Krasnov L. M. , Rusakov V. F. 
Published: May 2024

Currently, all pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGLs) are considered malignant due to metastatic potential. Consequently, PPGLs are divided into «metastatic» and «non-metastatic». Metastatic PPGLs can be with synchronous metastasis (metastases appear simultaneously with the identified primary tumor) or metachronous (metastases develop after removal of the primary tumor). The term metastatic PPGLs is not used in the presence of tumor invasion into surrounding organs and tissues, without the presence of distant metastases of lymphogenic or hematogenic origin. It is generally believed that about 10% of pheochromocytomas and about 40% of sympathetic paragangliomas have metastatic potential. On average, the prevalence of PPGLs with the presence of metastases is 15–20%. Risk factors for metastatic PPGLs are widely discussed in the literature, the most significant of which are groups of clinical, morphological and genetic characteristics. The review presents a discussion of such risk factors for metastatic PPGLs as age, localization and type of hormonal secretion of the tumor, the size and growth pattern of the adrenal lesion, the presence of necrosis and invasion into the vessels, the tumor capsule surrounding adipose tissue, high cellular and mitotic activity, Ki-67 index, expression of chromogranin B and S100 protein, the presence of genetic mutations of three main clusters (pseudohypoxia, kinase signaling and Wnt signaling).Over the past two decades, a number of authors have proposed various predictor factors and scales for assessing a probability of metastatic PPGLs. The review contains detailed description and comparison of sensitivity and specificity of such predictor scales as PASS, GAPP, M-GAPP, ASES and COPPS.