bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted and Scandium Triflate Catalyzed Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen‐11‐ones.
Authors: Rao Madharam Sudershan , Chhikara Bhupender S. , Tiwari Rakesh , Shirazi Amir N. , Parang Keykavous , Kumar Anil 
Published: April 2012

AbstractProducts (IV) are prepared under green solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Approach for the Synthesis of Novel Indenothiophene Derivatives.
Authors: Patil Shivaraj P. , Kazi Muddassar A. , Kanawade Shrikant B. , Nikam Prashant S. , Jachak Madhukar N. , Toche Raghunath B. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAll products are isolated by simple work‐up and purified by recrystallization.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Acetylperimidines with Sodium Nitrite in Polyphosphoric Acid.
Authors: Aksenov A. V. , Lyakhovnenko A. S. , Spicin A. N. , Aksenova I. V. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA method for the synthesis of 8‐hydroxy‐1,3,6‐triazapyrenes (II) is given and a possible reaction mechanism is proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Pyrazine Derivatives. Part 70. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds Obtained by Pyrazinamidrazone Usage.
Authors: Foks Henryk , Balewski Lukasz , Gobis Katarzyna , Dabrowska‐Szponar Maria , Wisniewska Katarzyna 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAll pyrazinamidrazone derivatives are screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against S.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 7‐Amino‐3‐tert‐butyl‐8‐R‐1,4‐dihydropyrazolo[5,1‐c] [1,2,4]triazin‐4‐ones (III)
Authors: Mironovich L. M. , Kostina M. V. 
Published: April 2012

Abstractvia reaction of 4‐amino‐3‐methylsulfanyltriazinone (I) with CH‐acids (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Some UV Chromophore‐Containing Antimalarial Trioxanes Using Hydrogen Peroxide as Source of the Peroxy Bonds.
Authors: Li Yun , Wittlin Sergio , Wu Yikang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe readily accessible UV‐chromophore (II), containing an epoxide moiety, enables access to a range of trioxanes by perhydrolysis and ketalization.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzo[c]pyrimido[1,6‐a]azepine Scaffold from Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts: Intramolecular 6‐Arylation of Uracil Nucleus.
Authors: Lee Hyun Seung , Kim Ko Hoon , Kim Se Hee , Kim Jae Nyoung 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of the biologically important target compounds is based on the Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular arylation of precursors (V) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Megouraphin Glucosides: Two Yellowish Pigments from the Aphid Megoura crassicauda.
Authors: Horikawa Mitsuyo , Kikuchi Daisuke , Imai Toshihito , Tanaka Masami , Kaku Hiroto , Nishii Takeshi , Inai Makoto , Takahashi Shigeru , Tsunoda Tetsuto 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAphid pigments may possess interesting biological activities, such as cytotoxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure Elucidation and H+/K+‐ATPase Inhibitory Activity of Bisabolangelone Reduction Derivatives.
Authors: Huang Nianyu , Chen Lei , Liao Zhaojiang , Fang Hubiao , Wang Junzhi , Zou Kun 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAmong a variety of reduction derivatives, the compounds (I) and (II) exhibit better inhibitory activity against H+/K+‐ATPase than omeprazole.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Dynamic Resolution Applied to the Synthesis of 2,6‐Disubstituted Piperidines: Preparation of (+)‐Lupetidine and (‐)‐Epidihydropinidine.
Authors: Beng Timothy K. , Gawley Robert E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractShort routes to natural products (+)‐lupetidine (V) and (‐)‐epidihydropinidine (X) are elaborated starting from N‐Boc‐piperidine (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Promoted “One‐Pot” Synthesis of 4‐Nitrobenzylthioinosine Analogues Using Thiourea as a Sulfur Precursor.
Authors: Niu Hong‐Ying , Xia Chao , Qu Gui‐Rong , Wu Shan , Jiang Yi , Jin Xin , Guo Hai‐Ming 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA rapid and operationally simple method for the synthesis of various C‐6 alkylthiosubstituted purine nucleosides is developed which acts under microwave irradiation and without any metal catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐symmetric Liquid Crystal Dimers Containing Azobenzene and 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Group: Synthesis and Mesomorphic Behavior.
Authors: Bai Binglian , Wang Haitao , Lin Xiaolong , Ran Xia , Zhao Chengxiao , Li Min 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA series of title compounds of type (I) are prepared and their mesomorphic behavior is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycyclic Cage Structures as Lipophilic Scaffolds for Neuroactive Drugs
Authors: Joubert Jacques , Geldenhuys Werner J. , Van der Schyf Cornelis J. , Oliver Douglas W. , Kruger Hendrik Gert , Govender Thavendran , Malan Sarel F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractReview: 107 refs.
Electromagnetic Interference and Implanted Cardiac Devices: The Nonmedical Environment (Part I)
Authors: Misiri Juna , Kusumoto Fred , Goldschlager Nora 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe number of patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), such as permanent pacemakers and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators, is dramatically rising due to an aging population and recent clinical trials showing benefits in mortality and morbidity. Coupled with this increase in the number of patients with CIEDs is the proliferation of technology that emits electromagnetic signals, which can potentially interfere with CIED function through electromagnetic interference (EMI). Despite continuous efforts of manufacturers to create “EMI‐proof” CIEDs, adverse events from EMI still occur. Physicians caring for patients with CIEDs should be aware of potential sources of EMI and appropriate management options. This 2‐part review aims to provide a contemporary overview of the current knowledge regarding risks attributable to EMI interactions from the most common nonmedical (Part I) and medical (Part II) sources. Clin. Cardiol. 2012 doi: 10.1002/clc.21998The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Pentacycloundecane‐diol‐Based HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors: Biological Screening, 2D NMR, and Molecular Simulation Studies
Authors: Honarparvar Bahareh , Makatini Maya M. , Pawar Sachin A. , Petzold Katja , Soliman Mahmoud E. S. , Arvidsson Per I. , Sayed Yasien , Govender Thavendran , Maguire Glenn E. M. , Kruger Hendrik G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNovel compounds incorporating a pentacycloundecane (PCU) diol moiety were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as inhibitors of the wild‐type C‐South African (C‐SA) HIV‐1 protease. Seven compounds are reported herein, three of which displayed IC50 values in the 0.5–0.6 μM range. The cytotoxicity of PCU cage peptides toward human MT‐4 cells appears to be several orders of magnitude less toxic than the current antiviral medications ritonavir and lopinavir. NMR studies based on the observed through‐space 1H,1H distances/contacts in the EASY‐ROESY spectra of three of the considered PCU peptide inhibitors enabled us to describe their secondary solution structure. Conserved hydrogen bonding interactions were observed between the hydroxy group of the PCU diol inhibitors and the catalytic triad (Asp25, Ile26, Gly27) of HIV protease in docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The biological significance and possible mode of inhibition by PCU‐based HIV protease inhibitors discussed herein facilitates a deeper understanding of this family of inhibitors and their potential application to a vast number of alternative diseases related to proteases.
Evaluation of Bis‐Alkylamidoxime O‐Alkylsulfonates as Orally Available Antimalarials
Authors: Degardin Mélissa , Wein Sharon , Gouni Smitha , Tran Van Ba Christophe , Duckert Jean‐Frédéric , Durand Thierry , Escale Roger , Vial Henri , Vo‐Hoang Yen 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe main threat to controlling malaria is the emerging multidrug resistance of Plasmodium sp. parasites. Bis‐alkylamidines were developed as a potential new chemotherapy that targets plasmodial phospholipid metabolism. Unfortunately, these compounds are not orally available. To solve this absorption issue, we investigated a prodrug strategy based on sulfonate derivatives of alkylamidoximes. A total of 25 sulfonates were synthesized as prodrug candidates of one bis‐N‐alkylamidine and of six N‐substituted bis‐C‐alkylamidines. Their antimalarial activities were evaluated in vitro against P. falciparum and in vivo against P. vinckei in mice to define structure–activity relationships. Small alkyl substituents on the sulfonate group of both C‐alkyl‐ and N‐alkylamidines led to the best oral antimalarial activities; alkylsulfonate derivatives are chemically transformed into the corresponding alkylamidines.
Development of an (S)‐1‐{2‐[Tris(4‐methoxyphenyl)methoxy]ethyl}piperidine‐3‐carboxylic acid [(S)‐SNAP‐5114] Carba Analogue Inhibitor for Murine γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Transporter Type 4
Authors: Pabel Jörg , Faust Mark , Prehn Cornelia , Wörlein Babette , Allmendinger Lars , Höfner Georg , Wanner Klaus T. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA series of GABA uptake inhibitors related to (S)‐1‐{2‐[tris(4‐methoxyphenyl)methoxy]ethyl}piperidine‐3‐carboxylic acid [(S)‐SNAP‐5114], the most potent mGAT4 inhibitor known so far, were synthesized and biologically evaluated for their inhibitory potency at the four GABA uptake transporters mGAT1–4 stably expressed in HEK‐293 cell lines. New analogues were developed with potencies that are similar to or slightly higher than those of current mGAT4 inhibitors, but with distinctly improved chemical stability. (S)‐Nipecotic acid derivatives possessing a 2‐[1‐(4‐methoxy‐2‐methylphenyl)‐1,1‐bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)methoxy]ethyl (DDPM‐859) or a 4,4,4‐tris(4‐methoxyphenyl)but‐2‐en‐1‐yl moiety (DDPM‐1457) were found to exhibit pIC50 values of 5.78 and 5.87, respectively. Thus, as mGAT4 inhibitors, these compounds compare well with (S)‐SNAP‐5114 (pIC50=5.71), but are far more stable than the latter. Moreover, DDPM‐859 displays a more favorable subtype selectivity for mGAT4 versus mGAT3 than does (S)‐SNAP‐5114.
Definitive radiotherapy for stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Milano Michael T. , Zhang Hong , Usuki Kenneth Y. , Singh Deepinder P. , Chen Yuhchyau 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The current study characterizes the overall survival (OS) and cause‐specific survival (CSS) of patients with stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were treated with radiotherapy alone, and analyzes the variables potentially affecting survival outcomes.METHODS:A total of 8524 patients with stage I NSCLC (according to the sixth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual) who were diagnosed between 1988 and 2008 were retrospectively analyzed using the population‐based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) from multivariate analyses.RESULTS:The 1‐year, 2‐year, and 5‐year OS rates were 62%, 37%, and 11%, respectively; the corresponding lung cancer CSS survival rates were 68%, 45%, and 20%, respectively. Approximately 77% of deaths were from lung cancer (5292 of 6891 total deaths). Cardiac (n = 477 deaths) and pulmonary (other than lung cancer deaths; n = 475 deaths) deaths accounted for 14% of deaths. From Cox proportional hazards analyses, male sex (HR, 1.2) and squamous cell carcinoma histology (HR, > 1.1) were found to be significantly (P < .0001) adverse prognostic factors for both OS and lung cancer CSS. A more recent calendar year of diagnosis was associated with significantly (P < .0001) improved OS (HR, 0.84 per decade) and lung cancer CSS. This trend was also significant (P < 0.0001) when restricting analyses to those patients with tumors measuring ≤ 5 cm (n = 5402 patients). T1 classification (vs T2 or T unknown) and smaller tumor size were found to be significantly (P < .0001) favorable factors.CONCLUSIONS:From a population‐based registry analysis of patients with stage I NSCLC, significant (albeit modest) improvements in survival in more recent years were appreciated, which likely reflect technologic advances in the diagnosis of, staging of, and radiotherapy for NSCLC. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Renewable Nitrogen‐Doped Hydrothermal Carbons Derived from Microalgae
Authors: Falco Camillo , Sevilla Marta , White Robin J. , Rothe Regina , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNitrogen‐doped carbon materials are synthesized via an effective, sustainable, and green one‐step route based on the hydrothermal carbonization of microalgae with high nitrogen content (ca. 11 wt %). The addition of the monosaccharide glucose to the reaction mixture is found to be advantageous, enhancing the fixation of nitrogen in the synthesized carbons, resulting in materials possessing nitrogen content in excess of 7 wt %, and leading to promising reaction yields. Increasing the amount of glucose leads to a higher nitrogen retention in the carbons, which suggests co‐condensation of the microalgae and glucose‐derived degradation/hydrolysis products via Maillard‐type cascade reactions, yielding nitrogen‐containing aromatic heterocycles (e.g., pyrroles) as confirmed by several analytical techniques. Increasing the HTC processing temperature leads to a further aromatization of the chemical structure of the HTC carbon and the formation of increasingly more condensed nitrogen‐containing functional motifs (i.e., pyridinic and quaternary nitrogen).
An image cascaded two‐port model for single‐particle quantum propagation in crystals
Authors: Civalleri Pier Paolo , Gilli Marco , Bonnin Michele 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYSince the advent of semiconductors, Quantum Mechanics has entered the field of Engineering. Classical Circuit Theory, in its most advanced form, allows the construction of equivalent circuits for quantum processes. Such circuits, beyond providing an intuitive grasp of quantum phenomena, allow an integrated representation of nanodevices interacting with macroscopic environment. In the paper, an equivalent circuit for quantum propagation of particles in crystals is presented, and some properties of the latter are illustrated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An autonomous distributed control method based on tie‐set graph theory in future grid
Authors: Nakayama Kiyoshi , Shinomiya Norihiko , Watanabe Hitoshi 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYIn future power grids where electricity flows bidirectionally, the essential problem is to maximize the total efficiency of distributed energy resources. In complicated and large‐scale systems such as modern power distribution networks, maximizing the efficiency of the entire system as a whole is extremely difficult. To solve the global optimization problem of such a complex network, this paper proposes an efficient distributed control method for future grid on the basis of tie‐set graph theory, where a tie‐set is a set of all the edges in a loop of a graph. On the basis of tie‐set graph theory, global optimization of an entire network can be realized as a result of local optimization in μ‐dimensional liner vector space, where μ is the nullity of the underlying graph of a power network. Although each tie‐set has its limited local information, an entire network is gradually optimized in an orderly manner because of the theoretical basis of a tie‐set graph. Simulation results of several thousand‐node networks demonstrate balanced allocation of dispersed energy resources and thus effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive actions of young infants in the task of reaching for objects
Authors: Rocha Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira , de Campos Ana Carolina , Silva Fernanda Pereira dos Santos , Tudella Eloisa 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAlthough several studies have investigated how movement trajectory and arm/hand configuration are adjusted to environmental affordances, the influence of specific object properties on early adjustments has not been studied. In this study, we aimed to determine the combined effect of object size and rigidity on reaching movements in young infants. Sixteen typically developing infants were assessed at 4, 5, and 6 months of age. The infants were presented with four objects: two soft and two rigid, which were either small or large. The results indicate that with age reaching movements became straighter, the arm control during the final phase was improved, and the grasping success increased. Object size and rigidity collectively influenced the proximal adjustments, grasping, adjustment time, and the number of movement units. The results suggest that early in the infants are able to modify their movement strategies based on object affordances. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 275–282, 2013
Potential mechanisms explaining why hydrolyzed casein‐based diets outclass single amino acid‐based diets in the prevention of autoimmune diabetes in diabetes‐prone BB rats
Authors: Visser J. T. J. , Bos N. A. , Harthoorn L. F. , Stellaard F. , Beijer‐Liefers S. , Rozing J. , van Tol E. A. F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundIt remains controversial whether avoidance of dietary diabetogenic triggers, such as cow's milk proteins, can prevent type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible individuals. Here, different extensive casein hydrolysates (HC) and single amino acid (AA) formulations were tested for their effect on mechanisms underlying autoimmune diabetes pathogenesis in diabetes‐prone BioBreeding rats. Intestinal integrity, gut microbiota composition and mucosal immune reactivity were studies to assess whether these formulations have differential effects in autoimmune diabetes prevention.MethodsDiabetes‐prone BioBreeding rats received diets in which the protein fraction was exchanged for the different hydrolysates or AA compositions, starting from weaning until the end of the experiment (d150). Diabetes development was monitored, and faecal and ileal samples were collected. Gut microbiota composition and cytokine/tight junction mRNA expression were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cytokine levels of ileum explant cultures were measured by ELISA, and intestinal permeability was measured in vivo by lactulose‐mannitol assay.ResultsBoth HC‐diet fed groups revealed remarkable reduction of diabetes incidence with the most pronounced effect in Nutramigen®‐fed animals. Interestingly, AA‐fed rats only showed delayed autoimmune diabetes development. Furthermore, both HC‐fed groups had improved intestinal barrier function when compared with control chow or AA‐fed animals. Interestingly, higher IL‐10 levels were measured in ileum tissue explants from Nutramigen®‐fed rats. Beneficial gut microbiota changes (increased Lactobacilli and reduced Bacteroides spp. levels) were found associated especially with HC‐diet interventions.ConclusionsCasein hydrolysates were found superior to AA‐mix in autoimmune diabetes prevention. This suggests the presence of specific peptides that beneficially affect mechanisms that may play a critical role in autoimmune diabetes pathogenesis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guidepost neurons for the lateral olfactory tract: Expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 and innervation by glutamatergic olfactory bulb axons
Authors: Hirata Tatsumi , Kumada Tatsuro , Kawasaki Takahiko , Furukawa Tomonori , Aiba Atsu , Conquet François , Saga Yumiko , Fukuda Atsuo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe guidepost neurons for the lateral olfactory tract, which are called lot cells, are the earliest‐generated neurons in the neocortex. They migrate tangentially and ventrally further down this tract, and provide scaffolding for the olfactory bulb axons projecting into this pathway. The molecular profiles of the lot cells are largely uncharacterized. We found that lot cells specifically express metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype‐1 at a very early stage of development. This receptor is functionally competent and responds to a metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist with a transient increase in the intracellular calcium ion concentration. When the glutamatergic olfactory bulb axons were electrically stimulated, lot cells responded to the stimulation with a calcium increase mainly via ionotropic glutamate receptors, suggesting potential neurotransmission between the axons and lot cells during early development. Together with the finding that lot cells themselves are glutamatergic excitatory neurons, our results provide another notable example of precocious interactions between the projecting axons and their intermediate targets. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2012
A quick one‐tube nested PCR‐protocol for EPO transgene detection
Authors: Moser Dirk A. , Neuberger Elmo W. I. , Simon Perikles 
Published: April 2012

The practice of doping threatens fair competition in sports. With the very recent reports on successful gene therapies for several diseases, the likelihood for abuse of gene transfer techniques in elite sports is rapidly increasing. It is therefore very important to develop valid detection techniques for transgenic DNA (tDNA) with ultimate sensitivity and specificity. To date, three slightly different procedures have been reported to reliably detect tDNA with sufficiently high sensitivity. Two utilize a real‐time PCR‐based approach and one uses a primer‐internal, intron‐spanning PCR approach (spiPCR). The specificity and sensitivity of these techniques, however, is still a matter of debate.Based on spiPCR, here we present a novel one‐tube nested PCR approach that minimizes the chances for cross‐contamination and shows increased sensitivity compared to non‐nested PCR techniques. To further reduce the occurrence of false‐positives based on cross‐contamination, a multi‐functional 19bp extended erythropoietin standard (EPO) was cloned which can be easily differentiated from transgenic EPO DNA (tEPO) and can be used as an internal or external positive control in PCR‐based applications.We found that one‐tube nested PCR is superior in terms of sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional PCR, and shows similar sensitivity compared to real‐time based PCR assays. Although it did not reach sensitivity of spiPCR, the one‐tube nested PCR technique described here is less laborious, less expensive and much faster than spiPCR. This technique might therefore be useful as a pre‐screening tool for gene doping in the future. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipid characterization and antioxidant status of the seeds and meals of Camelina sativa and flax
Authors: Quezada Nathalie , Cherian Gita 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFour different antioxidant activity assays including 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were performed on the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Camelina seeds (CS), flaxseeds (FS), Camelina meal low fat (CMLF, 9.9% fat), Camelina meal high fat (CMHF, 24.6% fat), and flaxseed meal (FSM, 2.7% fat). In addition, the fatty acid profile, and phenolic, tocopherol, flavonoid, and glucosinolate contents of CS, FS, CMLF, CMHF, and FSM were studied. The major fatty acid was α‐linolenic acid (C18:3 n‐3) which was 33.2, 29.4, 30.2, 60.1, and 39.3% in CS, CMLF, CMHF, FS, and FSM, respectively. The methanolic extract of CMLF showed the highest values of ABTS, DPPH and FRAP and the highest content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and glucosinolates. The methanolic and ethylacetate extracts of CMHF showed the highest values for ORAC and α‐ and γ‐tocopherols. The ethylacetate extracts of seeds and meals of Camelina sativa and flax showed lower values for antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids than the methanolic extracts. In general, Camelina and FS meals showed higher antioxidant activities, and phenolic and flavonoid contents than their respective seeds.Practical applications: Camelina sativa seeds (CS) and flaxseeds (FS) are rich sources of omega 3 oils. Their by‐products after oil extraction are an attractive source of proteins, lipids, fiber, and natural bioactive compounds such as antioxidants. These by‐products may be used to improve nutritional value and prevent lipid oxidation in feed or food systems.