bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposition of the mechanical stress tensor: from the compressible Navier–Stokes equation to a turbulent potential flow model
Authors: Di Nucci Carmine , Michele Simone , Di Risio Marcello 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe frame the mechanical stress tensor decomposition in a general procedure which involves the Helmholtz–Hodge decomposition. We highlight the impact of the mechanical stress tensor decomposition on the Navier–Stokes equation, with emphasis on the dissipation function. For fluids with low compressibility, we draw some insights on the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations, and on the Reynolds stress tensor decomposition. We derive a turbulent potential flow model, and investigate the transition from viscous potential flow to turbulent potential flow. Under low Mach number approximation, we apply the turbulent potential flow model to one-dimensional propagation of large amplitude pressure waves in liquid-filled pipe.
Review: Application of hydrogeological models coupled with agent-based models to address sustainable groundwater management in Latin America
Authors: Rojas Scheffer Verónica 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAgent-based models (ABMs) have long been applied in economics and social science research. The combination or coupling of these models with those of natural systems is a more recent application, and their use in conjunction with groundwater flow and transport models can be considered an innovative way to take advantage of their potential. In the Latin American region, sustainable management of groundwater resources can still be considered understudied. Among other characteristics, the existence of large transboundary aquifers in the region adds a further complication for addressing the sustainability of groundwater resource use. In this type of system, the impacts of joint regulations for utilization by different countries, the diversity of socioeconomic drivers and the conservation interests of each group of users might be consistently represented and explored through flow models coupled with ABMs. This review of the scientific literature aims to compile up-to-date information regarding the application of hydrogeological models coupled with agent-based models, focusing on their contributions to the sustainable management of groundwater resources and analyzing their potential for the Latin American region.
Enhancing music rhythmic perception and performance with a VR game
Authors: Pesek Matevž , Hirci Nejc , Žnideršič Klara , Marolt Matija 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes the effect of using a virtual reality (VR) game as a complementary tool to improve users’ rhythmic performance and perception in a remote and self-learning environment. In recent years, remote learning has gained importance due to various everyday situations; however, the effects of using VR in such situations for individual and self-learning have yet to be evaluated. In music education, learning processes are usually heavily dependent on face-to-face communication with a teacher and are based on a formal or informal curriculum. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of gamified VR learning and its influence on users’ rhythmic sensory and perceptual abilities. We developed a drum-playing game based on a tower defense scenario designed to improve four aspects of rhythmic perceptual skills in elementary school children with various levels of music learning experience. In this study, 14 elementary school children received Meta Quest 2 headsets for individual use in a 14-day individual training session. The results showed a significant increase in their rhythmical skills through an analysis of their rhythmic performance before and after the training sessions. In addition, the experience of playing the VR game and using the HMD setup was also assessed, highlighting some of the challenges of currently available affordable headsets for gamified learning scenarios.
The assessment of the impact of antiepileptic drugs on cognitive functions via N-200/P-300 potentials and neuropsychological measures
Authors: Shafiyev Javid , Karadaş Ömer 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
The effects of antiseizure medications (ASMs) on cognitive functions have not been fully elucidated. The primary aim of this study was to demonstrate potential changes in cognitive functions in patients diagnosed with epilepsy from both neuropsychological and electrophysiological perspectives. Our secondary objective was to assess the effects of administered ASM on cognitive functions by categorizing patients into different monotherapy and polytherapy groups.

Materials and methods
A single-center, prospective patient registry study was conducted between May 2022 and June 2023. The inclusion criteria included epilepsy patients aged 18 to 50 years who were receiving ASM) treatment, either as inpatients or outpatients, and who did not have any syndromic diagnosis that may lead to cognitive disfunciton (such as primary progressive myoclonic epilepsies, Down syndrome and so on), and did not diagnosed previously or during examination that could affect dementia or cognitive functions. Patients who were scheduled to initiate new ASM treatment were evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and Event-Related Potentials (ERP) assessment both before commencing treatment and three months thereafter.

Results
A total of 320 participants were included in the study; 20 healthy controls and 300 epilepsy patients were included. Statistically significant differences were observed between the healthy control group and the epilepsy group in terms of average Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores and event-related potentials (ERPs) (n200, p300 latencies, n2p3 amplitudes) (p<0.05). Similarly, statistically significant differences were observed between the monotherapy and polytherapy groups in terms of average MoCA and ERP scores (p<0.05).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated the detrimental effects of certain ASMs, particularly topiramate and carbamazepine, on cognitive functions. Furthermore, the negative impact on cognitive performance became more pronounced with an increasing number of concurrently used ASMs (polytherapy), with topiramate showing notable effects.
Barriers and drivers to the development of an effective water reuse chain: insights from an Italian water utility
Authors: Neri Alessandra , Rizzuni Andrea , Garrone Paola , Cagno Enrico 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWidespread adoption of water reuse technologies is critical to the development of a circular economy and to reduce the pressure on increasingly scarce freshwater resources. However, the adoption of water reuse technologies involves a complex and multi-level decision-making process, influenced by different factors that hinder or support such adoption, namely barriers and drivers. The present research provides a first identification of such factors from a value chain perspective. To do so, the paper first conceptualises the water reuse value chain, including the actors and stages required to bring collected wastewater to the reuse destination. It then conducts an exploratory case study in the context of an Italian water utility facing increasing water stress. External barriers such as societal perceptions and lack of demand for recycled water emerge as particularly influential in hindering the adoption of water reuse technologies. Drivers emerge from both the external and internal environment, with the level of water scarcity and the effectiveness of collaboration and coordination between different institutional and policy actors being particularly strong. Barriers and drivers are found to be of varying relevance depending on the characteristics of the facilities and the reuse value chain analysed, including the operational status of the reclamation facility, the type of final reuse, and the roles in the value chains. The paper provides relevant implications for academics, policymakers, and adopters of water reuse technologies for a more circular and environmentally sustainable water sector, offering useful insights for decision-makers in related sectors.
Graphical abstract
The importance of diversity in local food systems: a network analysis of food-related interactions in the Indigenous food system on St. Paul Island, Alaska
Authors: Zimmermann Silja , Dermody Brian J. , Davis Natalie , Divine Lauren M. , Padula Veronica M. , Lestenkof-Zacharof Kadyn , Wassen Martin J. , Dorresteijn Ine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArctic Indigenous food systems are typified by diverse social interactions that maintain food security. Given the numerous challenges Arctic Indigenous communities face, it is important to understand diversity in these systems and how they are impacted by change. This study adopts a mixed methods approach that combines participatory methods with network analysis to assess the diversity of food-related interactions between different actor types in the mixed food system on St. Paul Island, Alaska. We conducted 36 interviews with local food system actors to identify current food security challenges and food-related interactions in the local food system. We used network analysis to investigate the diversity of interactions in the food system quantitatively. We simulated the effects of two key food security challenges (out-migration and knowledge loss) on food system diversity and explored interventions to increase diversity. Qualitative data from the same interviews were used to embed our results in the lived realities of the St. Paul Island community. Our approach reveals diverse interactions in the local food system, reflecting both subsistence and market-based elements of the St. Paul Island mixed economy. While both challenges threaten the system's diversity, out-migration presents a more immediate risk to food system diversity than knowledge loss. We advocate for targeting a combination of food system interventions at the community level to enhance food system diversity effectively. Our research contributes to understanding the importance of diversity for Arctic Indigenous food security and emphasizes the need to recognize the complex interactions between food system interventions and their implications for Arctic Indigenous communities.
CTNND1 is involved in germline predisposition to early-onset gastric cancer by affecting cell-to-cell interactions
Authors: Herrera-Pariente Cristina , Bonjoch Laia , Muñoz Jenifer , Fernàndez Guerau , Soares de Lima Yasmin , Mahmood Romesa , Cuatrecasas Miriam , Ocaña Teresa , Lopez-Prades Sandra , Llargués-Sistac Gemma , Domínguez-Rovira Xavier , Llach Joan , Luzko Irina , Díaz-Gay Marcos , Lazaro Conxi , Brunet Joan , Castillo-Manzano Carmen , García-González María Asunción , Lanas Angel , Carrillo Marta , Hernández San Gil Raquel , Quintero Enrique , Sala Nuria , Llort Gemma , Aguilera Lara , Carot Laura , Diez-Redondo Pilar , Jover Rodrigo , Ramon y Cajal Teresa , Cubiella Joaquín , Castells Antoni , Balaguer Francesc , Bujanda Luis , Castellví-Bel Sergi , Moreira Leticia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
CDH1 and CTNNA1 remain as the main genes for hereditary gastric cancer. However, they only explain a small fraction of gastric cancer cases with suspected inherited basis. In this study, we aimed to identify new hereditary genes for early-onset gastric cancer patients (EOGC; < 50 years old).

Methods
After germline exome sequencing in 20 EOGC patients and replication of relevant findings by gene-panel sequencing in an independent cohort of 152 patients, CTNND1 stood out as an interesting candidate gene, since its protein product (p120ctn) directly interacts with E-cadherin. We proceeded with functional characterization by generating two knockout CTNND1 cellular models by gene editing and introducing the detected genetic variants using a lentiviral delivery system. We assessed β-catenin and E-cadherin levels, cell detachment, as well as E-cadherin localization and cell-to-cell interaction by spheroid modeling.

Results
Three CTNND1 germline variants [c.28_29delinsCT, p.(Ala10Leu); c.1105C > T, p.(Pro369Ser); c.1537A > G, p.(Asn513Asp)] were identified in our EOGC cohorts. Cells encoding CTNND1 variants displayed altered E-cadherin levels and intercellular interactions. In addition, the p.(Pro369Ser) variant, located in a key region in the E-cadherin/p120ctn binding domain, showed E-cadherin mislocalization.

Conclusions
Defects in CTNND1 could be involved in germline predisposition to gastric cancer by altering E-cadherin and, consequently, cell-to-cell interactions. In the present study, CTNND1 germline variants explained 2% (3/172) of the cases, although further studies in larger external cohorts are needed.
A machine learning model for predicting the lymph node metastasis of early gastric cancer not meeting the endoscopic curability criteria
Authors: Kato Minoru , Hayashi Yoshito , Uema Ryotaro , Kanesaka Takashi , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Maekawa Akira , Yamada Takuya , Yamamoto Masashi , Kitamura Shinji , Inoue Takuya , Yamamoto Shunsuke , Kizu Takashi , Takeda Risato , Ogiyama Hideharu , Yamamoto Katsumi , Aoi Kenji , Nagaike Koji , Sasai Yasutaka , Egawa Satoshi , Akamatsu Haruki , Ogawa Hiroyuki , Komori Masato , Akihiro Nishihara , Yoshihara Takeo , Tsujii Yoshiki , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
We developed a machine learning (ML) model to predict the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) who did not meet the existing Japanese endoscopic curability criteria and compared its performance with that of the most common clinical risk scoring system, the eCura system.

Methods
We used data from 4,042 consecutive patients with EGC from 21 institutions who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and/or surgery between 2010 and 2021. All resected EGCs were histologically confirmed not to satisfy the current Japanese endoscopic curability criteria. Of all patients, 3,506 constituted the training cohort to develop the neural network-based ML model, and 536 constituted the validation cohort. The performance of our ML model, as measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), was compared with that of the eCura system in the validation cohort.

Results
LNM rates were 14% (503/3,506) and 7% (39/536) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The ML model identified patients with LNM with an AUC of 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.89) in the validation cohort, while the eCura system identified patients with LNM with an AUC of 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.85) (P = 0.006, DeLong’s test).

Conclusions
Our ML model performed better than the eCura system for predicting LNM risk in patients with EGC who did not meet the existing Japanese endoscopic curability criteria.

Mini-abstract
We developed a neural network-based machine learning model that predicts the risk of lymph node metastasis in patients with early gastric cancer who did not meet the endoscopic curability criteria.
The implementation of an inflammatory bowel disease-specific enhanced recovery after surgery protocol: an observational cohort study
Authors: Lin V. , Poulsen J. K. , Juvik A. F. , Roikjær O. , Gögenur I. , Fransgaard T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols has resulted in improved postoperative outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery. The evidence regarding feasibility and impact on outcomes in surgery for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is limited.

Methods
We performed a retrospective observational cohort study, comparing patient trajectories before and after implementing an IBD-specific ERAS protocol at Zealand University Hospital. We assessed the occurrence of serious postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or higher as our primary outcome, with postoperative length of stay in days and rate of readmissions as secondary outcomes, using χ2, Mann–Whitney test, and odds ratios adjusted for sex and age.

Results
From 2017 to 2023, 394 patients were operated on for IBD and included in our study. In the ERAS cohort, 39/250 patients experienced a postoperative complication of Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or higher compared to 27/144 patients in the non-ERAS cohort (15.6% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.420) with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.73 (95% CI 0.42–1.28). There was a significantly shorter postoperative length of stay (median 4 vs. 6 days, p < 0.001) in the ERAS cohort compared to the non-ERAS cohort. Readmission rates remained similar (22.4% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.125).

Conclusions
ERAS in IBD surgery was associated with faster patient recovery, but without an impact on the occurrence of serious postoperative complications and rate of readmissions.
Personal values and social behavior in early childhood: Understanding the contribution of social information processing and attitudes
Authors: Elizarov Einat , Ziv Yair , Benish-Weisman Maya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractValues, defined by Schwartz (1994) as basic motivational cognitive structures, guide life goals, transcend contexts, and affect individuals’ courses of action differently depending on their preferred values. With young children, an important question that emerges is what factors underlie the linkages between their preferred motivations (i.e., preferred values) and their behavior tendencies in key social contexts. This study proposed one potential socio-cognitive mechanism that may explain how children’s values are linked to their prosocial and antisocial behaviors in kindergarten via their values-oriented social information processing patterns (SIP) and their attitudes toward their kindergarten. The sample included 121 children (59 girls; Mage = 67.45 months). Children’s values, values-oriented SIP patterns, and attitudes toward kindergarten class were examined in one-on-one interviews. Teachers reported on the children’s social behaviors. Results showed children’s preferences for self-transcendence values were linked to their more prosocial behaviors and less antisocial behaviors in class via their self-transcendence values-oriented SIP patterns and their positive attitudes toward kindergarten. The findings offer important insights into the socio-cognitive elements that drive values-behavior relationships, as well as the links between various facets of young children’s social cognition and their social behavior in kindergarten.
Indel variation in the mitochondrial ND5 region supports monophyly of the tribe Hippoglossoidini (sensu Vinnikov et al. 2018) within the family Pleuronectidae
Authors: Kurihara Hiroaki , Shirai Shigeru M. , Fujiwara Kunihiro , Ikeda Minoru 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIndel (insertion–deletion) events observed in the genome represent irreversible mutational processes, making indel regions crucial characteristics for discussing phylogenetic relationships. The tribe Hippoglossoidini is a recently proposed taxonomic group based on the molecular phylogenetic analyses of both mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear DNA sequences. However, no synapomorphic characteristics have been identified within this tribe, either morphologically or molecularly. In the present study, we sequenced the ND5 region of mtDNA in the righteye flounder species and conducted interspecific comparisons. We found a 12 bp indel immediately upstream of the stop codon in the ND5 region. A comparative analysis of this region with outgroup species from the Paralichthyidae revealed that the indel was a unique insertion shared by the common ancestor of the Hippoglossoidini species, providing irreversible evidence to support the monophyly of this taxonomic group (synapomorphic characters).
The prognostic genes model of breast cancer drug resistance based on single-cell sequencing analysis and transcriptome analysis
Authors: Liu Yao , Dong Lun , Ma Jing , Chen Linghui , Fang Liaoqiong , Wang Zhibiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) represents a multifaceted malignancy, with escalating incidence and mortality rates annually. Chemotherapy stands as an indispensable approach for treating breast cancer, yet drug resistance poses a formidable challenge. Through transcriptome data analysis, we have identified two sets of genes exhibiting differential expression in this context. Furthermore, we have confirmed the overlap between these genes and those associated with exosomes, which were subsequently validated in cell lines. The investigation screened the identified genes to determine prognostic markers for BC and utilized them to formulate a prognostic model. The disparities in prognosis and immunity between the high- and low-risk groups were validated using the test dataset. We have discerned different BC subtypes based on the expression levels of prognostic genes in BC samples. Variations in prognosis, immunity, and drug sensitivity among distinct subtypes were examined. Leveraging data from single-cell sequencing and prognostic gene expression, the AUCell algorithm was employed to score individual cell clusters and analyze the pathways implicated in high-scoring groups. Prognostic genes (CCT4, CXCL13, MTDH, PSMD2, and RAB27A) were subsewoquently validated using RT-qPCR. Consequently, we have established a model for predicting prognosis in breast cancer that hinges on drug resistance and ERGs. Furthermore, we have evaluated the prognostic value of this model. The genes identified as prognostic markers can now serve as a reference for precise treatment of this condition.
Toxic tasting: how capuchin monkeys avoid grasshoppers’ chemical defenses
Authors: Rufo Henrique P. , Ferreira Luiza G. , Ottoni Eduardo B. , Falótico Tiago 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlatyrrhines consume many species of arthropods in the order Orthoptera. Some species of orthopterans can produce chemical defenses that render them toxic or unpalatable and thus act as predator deterrents. These species include the stick grasshoppers (family Proscopiidae), which are widely distributed in the Caatinga biome in northeastern Brazil, which comprises part of the distribution of capuchin monkeys. Capuchin monkeys are omnivores and consume a wide variety of foods, including unpleasant-tasting, potentially toxic items, which they need to learn how to process. We describe the processing of stick grasshoppers (Stiphra sp.) by wild capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) that live in Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, and compare how individuals of different age classes handle these potentially toxic food items. S. libidinosus predominantly avoided consuming the digestive tract, which contains toxic compounds, when feeding on stick grasshoppers. Immatures took longer than adults to process the stick grasshoppers, indicating that capuchins need to learn how to process the toxic digestive tract of these prey to avoid consuming it.