bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Standardised Packaging of Tobacco Products Regulations on cigarette consumption and youth smoking in England: interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Buss Vera Helen , Kock Loren , Beard Emma , Shahab Lion , Brown Jamie , Jackson Sarah 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundIn the UK in May 2016, standardised packaging of tobacco products was implemented, including minimum pack sizes of 20 sticks or 30 g loose tobacco. The change was intended to reduce uptake by increasing upfront costs to young people, but there was concern it may unintentionally increase consumption among people smoking. This study aimed to assess whether the introduction of the policy was associated with changes in (1) mean daily factory-made (FM)/roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes consumption among people smoking predominantly (a) FM and (b) RYO cigarettes; and (2) current smoking prevalence among 16–24-year-olds.MethodsData (N=257 929) were from a representative monthly cross-sectional survey of adults (≥16 years) in England, collected between November 2007 and January 2020. Outcome measures were mean daily (FM/RYO) cigarette consumption among those smoking FM/RYO cigarettes, and prevalence of current smoking among 16–24-year-olds. Time-series analyses were conducted using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous variables (ARIMAX) regression models including a gradual level change starting in June 2017 and ending in May 2018 for cigarette consumption and a step change in June 2016 for prevalence of current smoking.ResultsThe ARIMAX model was not able to detect a change in mean daily cigarette consumption—for FM (Badj=−0.543, 95% CI −1.381 to 0.296) or RYO (Badj=0.002, 95% CI −0.518 to 0.522) following the implementation of standardised packaging. The unadjusted analysis suggested the implementation of standardised packaging was associated with a small (3%) decrease in smoking prevalence among 16–24-year-olds (Bunadj=−0.031, 95% CI −0.062 to 0.000), but this association was attenuated after adjustment for covariates (Badj=−0.010, 95% CI −0.039 to 0.019).ConclusionsThe implementation of standardised packaging of tobacco products was not associated with a meaningful change in the mean number of FM or RYO cigarettes consumed by people smoking in England, suggesting the larger pack size has not had an unintended consequence of substantially increasing cigarette consumption. However, there was also little evidence that the policy substantially reduced smoking among 16–24-year-olds.
Update on numbers of tobacco-attributable deaths by country in the South-East Asia region: implications for policy
Authors: Kaur Jagdish , Rinkoo Arvind Vashishta , Richardson Sol 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThe WHO South-East Asia Region is home to around 33% of adult tobacco users. To inform tobacco control policy and practice, we conducted a study using the latest available data to update mortality attributable to overall tobacco use, including smoked tobacco, smokeless tobacco (SLT) and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, in the 11 countries of the Region.MethodsWe estimated smoking, SLT use and SHS exposure using the latest available surveys for each country during 2016–2021, and then estimated all-cause and lung cancer-attributable annual deaths for each using the population-attributable fraction method. Finally, we estimated the annual total tobacco-attributable deaths including all three exposures using the multiplicative aggregation method.ResultsWe estimated the occurrence of 4 087 920 all-cause deaths and 105 279 lung cancer deaths annually attributable to tobacco use among the 11 countries investigated. India accounted for 63.9% of all-cause tobacco-attributable deaths.ConclusionsThe high annual number of tobacco-attributable deaths in the Region highlights the need for accelerating progress in reducing tobacco use. Implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and MPOWER policy package needs prioritisation at the country level. Tobacco cessation services, supply-side measures and policies to counter tobacco industry interference should be strengthened. Further work is needed to monitor progress towards FCTC implementation and analyse the impacts of policies on tobacco-related outcomes, including attributable mortality and disease burden, to inform advocacy efforts.
Hair and entropy for slowly rotating quantum black holes
Authors: Feng Wenbin , Rocha Roldao da , Casadio Roberto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe study the quantum hair associated with coherent states describing slowly rotating black holes and show how it can be naturally related with the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy and with 1-loop quantum corrections of the metric for the (effectively) non-rotating case. We also estimate corrections induced by such quantum hair to the temperature of the Hawking radiation through the tunnelling method.
QCD effects in electroweak $$WZjj$$ production at current and future hadron colliders
Authors: Jäger B. , Karlberg A. , Reinhardt S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present an update of an existing implementation of WZjj production via vector-boson scattering in the framework of the program. In particular, previously unavailable semi-leptonic and fully hadronic decay modes of the intermediate vector bosons are provided, and operators of dimension six in an effective-field theory approach to account for physics beyond the Standard Model in the electroweak sector are included. For selected applications phenomenological results are provided to illustrate the capabilities of the new program. The impact of the considered dimension-six operators on experimentally accessible distributions is found to be small for current LHC energies, but enhanced in the kinematic reach of a potential future hadron collider with an energy of 100 TeV. The relevance of fully accounting for spin correlations and off-shell effects in the decay system is explored by a comparison with results obtained with the tool that are based on an approximate treatment of the leptonic final state resulting from vector boson scattering processes. For selected semi-leptonic and hadronic decay modes we demonstrate the sensitivity of realistic signal selection procedures on QCD corrections and parton-shower effects.
CARBON CREDITS: NEW INSIGHTS, PARADIGM SHIFTS AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
Authors: KUMAR PRAVEEN , KUMAR RAKESH , FIROZ MOHAMMAD 
Published: June 2024

We identified the principal areas and momentum of the carbon credits research and proposed a future investigation course. Using a bibliometric examination, we analyze a sample of 546 research papers from the ISI Web of Science database to analyze research studies on carbon credits between 2000 and 2019. We found the most persuasive papers and authors based on their publications, citations, region and importance inside the carbon credit framework. We look at the present scenario, discover obstacles to development in the literature on carbon credits and recommend roads for future research. Even though carbon credits research happens universally, an absence of joint exertion exists across country lines, especially between the European and Asian economies. Research on carbon credits centers around Emission trading/Carbon trading under clean development mechanisms and Cap and trade, with relatively less attention on certified emission reductions, emission rights and verified emissions. We conclude by recommending that the research scope of carbon credit research can be enhanced using five potential research headings. Finally, this research would help the firms and management handle “carbon credits” effectively and efficiently.
A novel approach of visual image reconstruction from fMRI using Kohonen Network Information Maximizing Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Rathi K. , Gomathi V. , Raja S. P. 
Published: June 2024

As neuroscience states, the ability of our brain to process visual information is similar to that of neurons. Our cognitive ability carries out this process using the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) profiles that it collects during the presentation of visual stimuli around us. However, this process poses its own set of challenges due to complexities like structure and noise levels. To address these challenges, high-quality computational approaches have been executed. This work proposes a hybrid computational approach, that combines feature extraction and conditional generative adversarial network techniques. This research suggests the use of the hybrid form incorporating Kohonen Network and Information Maximizing Generative Adversarial Networks (KNInfoGAN) to map the fMRI data to visual stimuli. For feature extraction, the Kohonen network is used, and the visual stimuli are reconstructed using the InfoGAN approach. A series of experiments were conducted on dual synthetic fMRI datasets using a KNInfoGAN model, and the results were obtained with an accuracy rate of 99% for handwritten numbers and 87% for handwritten English characters, approximately. An accuracy rate of 73% has been obtained upon utilizing the ImageNet database to examine the accomplishments of the suggested approach for highly complex natural stimulus. The suggested technique in this study outperforms the previously existing techniques in image reconstruction, with enhanced quality and a lower computational cost. The same has been verified based on the comparative examination of a wide range of tests conducted in this study.
Coastal dolphins provide foraging opportunities to benthic-feeding seabirds in a tropical seagrass ecosystem
Authors: Ramos Eric A. , Kiszka Jeremy J. , Reiss Diana , Magnasco Marcelo O. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In marine ecosystems, predators can affect community and ecosystem dynamics through a variety of processes such as foraging facilitation. Here, we report evidence of foraging facilitation between common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and double-crested cormorants (Nannopterum auritum) in the Caribbean seagrass-dominated atoll of Turneffe, Belize using aerial drone observations conducted in 2015-2017. While dolphins exhibited occasional aggressive behaviours toward the cormorants, the latter frequently followed dolphin movements, suggesting opportunistic pursuit of dolphins for prey access during dolphin bottom foraging activity. Our observations underscore the intricate ecological relationships among marine predators and highlight the need to quantify the mutual benefits and costs of such interactions as coastal ecosystems are rapidly changing.
Disconnect: The International Criminal Court’s Engagement in the Situation in Bangladesh/Myanmar
Authors: Palmer Emma 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The International Criminal Court (icc) Registry’s reports on information and outreach activities concerning Bangladesh and Myanmar speak of two worlds. One, of a public affairs-focused managerial institution, and another of diverse priorities, insecurity, and complicated interactions among communities, organisations and states. To meet their aims and purposes, international criminal mechanisms must engage with other actors. Researchers have identified ‘lessons’ for conducting effective communications, including outreach, for information dissemination, building support, and conducting legitimate and safe trials. This article analyses documents and draws on limited interviews to explore how, despite these insights being represented in icc strategies, disconnection between the icc and interested actors in the pre-trial Bangladesh/Myanmar situation persists. It argues that the icc’s continued failure to integrate experiences or its own strategies for two-way communication undermines its ability to fulfil its purposes.
Toxicity, transfer and metabolization of the pyrethroid insecticides cypermethrin and deltamethrin by reared black soldier fly larvae
Authors: Meijer N. , Zoet L. , Rijkers D. , Nijssen R. , Willemsen M. , Zomer P. , van der Fels-Klerx H.J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Reared insects such as black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) are considered a potential alternative feed protein. However, dietary exposure to insecticide residues via the substrate could adversely affect performance indicators (yield/survival) and substance-transfer from substrate to larval biomass could result in non-compliance with low legal limits. Effects of pyrethroid insecticides cypermethrin and deltamethrin were tested at varying concentrations, with or without the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Concentration/response curves for yield were estimated and samples were analysed to determine concentrations of parent compounds and selected metabolites. Results suggest that deltamethrin is highly toxic to H. illucens larvae: the critical effect dose for 10% yield loss was estimated to be 0.04 mg/kg, compared to a legal limit in wheat of 2.0 mg/kg. Cypermethrin was comparatively less toxic, in line with prior studies, but may also cause significant adverse effects even for exposure levels below the legal limit – especially when combined with PBO. For both substances, transfer from substrate to larvae is a potential issue due to low limits, and transfer as well as toxicity are increased by presence of PBO. Some metabolites could be detected, but more research is needed to determine resistance mechanisms involved.
Reformatting a Traditional Image of the Qing Imperial Realm According to Modern Western Cartography
Authors: Dorofeeva-Lichtmann Vera 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Göttingen State and University Library in Germany possesses the only surviving copy of a general map of the Qing empire, which until early 2014 was considered to be lost. The map is a middle-format hand-coloured block print. All the place names and other textual elements in the map are given exclusively in Chinese. The map is authored by a known Chinese scholar, Li Mingche 李明徹 (1751–1832), but is undated. Yet the time of its creation can be reliably approximated to the mid-1820s, most likely 1825–1826. The map exhibits a clear stamp of Western mapmaking, primarily that of French cartography of the eighteenth century, yet its fine fusion with the system of traditional Chinese cartographic conventions and aesthetic preferences makes it an interesting hybrid cartographic specimen. This article proposes an initial analysis of the map providing a basis for future more detailed study.
The Dunn Map: An American and a Long-Forgotten Curio from Nineteenth-Century China
Authors: Po Ronald C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Rediscovered in 2011 within the collection of the Library of Congress, the Fusheng quantu 福省全圖 (Complete Map of Fuzhou), a delicate nineteenth-century Chinese map, had lain unnoticed for over a century. Its anonymous creator and lack of dating impede a direct tracing of its origins, and it is only known to have arrived through a donation of manuscripts by the American businessman and diplomat Thomas Dunn. The map, with its artistic qualities, provides a window into the seascape of Fuzhou and the Qing dynasty’s coastal defences and maritime strategies. This study transcends the map’s physicality, delving into its associated life histories, including Dunn’s, and the broader context of China’s coerced entry into global trade and diplomacy during the age of high imperialism (c.1850–1900). More than a long-forgotten illustrative account, the map is a piece of evidence that reveals much about the times and places in which it was drawn and viewed.
Dialogues on the Theory of Reward for the Good and Retribution for the Evil during Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties
Authors: Xiao Qinghe 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The theory of reward for the good and retribution for the evil (善恶报应) was one of the key issues in the dialogue between Catholicism and indigenous religions in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Under the monotheistic framework, Catholicism advocates a supernatural God for rewarding good and punishing evil. It thus had a more logical and rigorous theological argumentation at its disposal in its exchanges and dialogues with Chinese native religions on the standards of good and evil, the question of who has the right to reward and punish, the consequences of reward and retribution, and so on. This article begins by analyzing the Confucian theory of stimulus-response between the heaven and human beings (天人感应). Secondly, it sketches the views expressed by the theories of reward for the good and retribution for the evil in Buddhism and Taoism. Then, it discusses the Catholic views on rewarding good and punishing evil during late Ming and early Qing, and also examines the responses of the native religions of China to the Catholic views on rewarding good and punishing evil. Finally, it summarizes the similarities and differences of the theories of reward for the good and retribution for the evil between Catholicism and Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. As for the intention to do good, there were some commonalities between Catholicism and Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the movement to promote good deeds during late Ming and early Qing. However, they were distinct in the perspective of the standards of good and evil, the subjects of retribution, and the roles of individuals in retribution, which caused the conflicts between Catholicism and its opponents in China. The introduction of the Catholic theory of reward for the good and retribution for the evil has undoubtedly further enriched Chinese religious thoughts since the late Ming dynasty.
Himma, a Pivotal Concept between Psychology and Politics
Authors: Aouad Maroun , Woerther Frédérique 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In several passages of the Arabic commentaries on Aristotle’s Rhetoric, the Greek term hexis (gr. ἕξις, stable disposition to produce certain acts) is rendered by himma (aspiration), whose definition is taken in a politico-psychological sense. Other passages of these commentaries and other works of philosophy written in Arabic attest for the presence of himma with the same meaning, and with significant frequency and in crucial passages – despite the term’s absence from the indexes of modern editions of these texts. The present article proposes an exhaustive study of the definitions of himma employed in its politico-psychological sense and of its characteristics outside the definitions before comparing it, on the one hand, with other acceptions of himma – ṣiġar al-himma (pusillanimity), kibar al-himma (magnanimity), the himmas as different energies of the soul, the himma according to the sūfīs, the himma at the source of the himmas – and, on the other hand, with the Aristotelian hexis, with malaka, and with the Stoic hexis. Finally, we attempt to identify the origines of the concept of himma in its politico-psychological sense.
الحياة الدينية بيْن الفلسفة واللاهوت: في البَحث عن الجذور اللاهوتية لـ“الدازاين“ عند هايدغر الشاب
Authors: فازيو نبيل 
Published: June 2024

ملخص
‫غايتنا من هذه الدراسة الوقوف على الكيفية التي أفاد بها هايدغر في بناء تصوره للفلسفة والحياة الدينية في المرحلة المبكرة من مساره الفلسفي، وذلك من خلال الوقوف على المنظور الفلسفي الذي بلوره في سياق تأويله لمصادر فكره اللاهوتية على ضوء رؤيته الفلسفية التي استقاها من دراسته لفلسفة القيم والمنطق، كما من دراسته للفلسفة المسيحية في العصر الوسيط، والتي انتهت إلى اعتبار مشكلة الحياة محور تفكيره الفلسفي في هذه الفترة. لم تكن فلسفة هايدغر لاهوتا فلسفيا، لأنها استطاع حفظ المسافة الفاصلة بين المنظور اللاهوتي والمنظور الفلسفي وشدد على ضرورة التمييز بينهما في فهمنا للإنسان ووجوده. لكنها لم تكن فلسفة منقطعة الصلة باللاهوت؛ لأنه نهل من هذا الأخير في بناء إشكالية فلسفته المبكرة والانتقال منها صوب السؤال المحوري الذي هيمن على مساره الفلسفي اللاحق؛ سؤال الوجود وحقيقته.‬
Comparison of red blood cell transfusions and hemostatic transfusions and their relation to thromboses in pediatric patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy
Authors: Martinez Michael J , Romero Tahmineh , Federman Myke D 
Published: June 2024

Objective To evaluate the association of RBC transfusions with thrombosis in pediatric patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and compare this with the transfusion of other blood products and their association with thrombosis. Methods This was a secondary analysis of the Bleeding and Thrombosis during ECMO (BATE) study, which was a multicenter prospective observational study involving patients less than 19 years of age treated with ECMO. Results 514 patients were analyzed, of which 282 (55%) were neonates (≤31 days) and 302 (58.7%) were male. When analyzing the entire cohort independently of other blood products, each 10 mL/kg of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) was associated with a 1.0% increase in the average number of thromboses (1.010; 1.008,1.013; p < .001). In neonates, each 10 mL/kg of PRBC was associated with a 0.9% increase in the average number of thromboses (1.009; 1.003,1.013; p < .001). In pediatric patients, each 10 mL/kg of PRBC was associated with a 1.2% increase in the average number of thromboses (1.012; 1.008,1.012; p < .001). The percent increase in the average number of thromboses was similar between PRBCs, platelets, and FFP, but increased significantly with cryoprecipitate. Conclusions RBC transfusions and hemostatic transfusions are likely associated with thromboses in pediatric patients on ECMO.
Broad Autism Phenotype and Gait in Parents of Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ganai Umer Jon , Bhushan Braj , Venkatesh K. S. 
Published: June 2024

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder. Research has shown that parents and relatives of children with ASD often exhibit subthreshold ASD-like characteristics known as broad autism phenotype (BAP) as well as impairments in motor behaviours. Purpose The current study aimed to examine the BAP traits and motor behaviours, that is, gait in 44 parents of children with ASD and in 48 parents of typically developing children (TD). Methods The BAP traits were measured using the broad autism phenotype questionnaire (BAPQ), and a low-cost computer vision-based framework was utilised to quantify the gait in children with ASD and their parents and TD children and their parents. Results The parents of children with ASD consistently displayed significantly higher scores on rigid personality and pragmatic language, however, there were no significant differences between the two group of parents on aloof personality of BAP traits. On gait parameters, the parents of children with ASD had a reduced gait speed in comparison to parents of TD children. There were no meaningful similarities in gait parameters of children with ASD and their parents. Conclusions These findings support the presence of ASD-like traits in the parents of children with ASD and gait speed as a putative motor endophenotype of ASD.