bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duality‐based adaptive model reduction for one‐way coupled thermoelastic problems
Authors: Jakobsson Håkan , Bengzon Fredrik , Larson Mats G. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we derive a discrete a posteriori error estimate for a thermoelastic model problem discretized using a reduced finite element method. The problem is one‐way coupled in the sense that heat transfer affects elastic deformation but not vice versa. A reduced model is constructed using component mode synthesis in each of the heat transfer and linear elastic finite element solvers. The error estimate bounds the difference between the reduced and the standard finite element solution in terms of discrete residuals and corresponding dual weights. A main feature with the estimate is that it automatically gives a quantitative measure of the propagation of error between the solvers with respect to a certain computational goal. The analytical results are accompanied by a numerical example. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of swarm intelligence algorithms for structural engineering optimization
Authors: Parpinelli Rafael S. , Teodoro Fábio R. , Lopes Heitor S. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThis paper compares the performance of three swarm intelligence algorithms for the optimization of hard engineering problems. The algorithms tested were bacterial foraging optimization (BFO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and artificial bee colony (ABC). Besides the regular BFO, two other variants reported in the literature were also included in the study: adaptive BFO and swarming BFO. Both PSO and ABC were tested using the regular algorithm and variants that include explosion (mass extinction). Three optimization problems of structural engineering were used: minimization of the cost of a welded beam, minimization of the construction cost of a pressure vessel, and minimization of the total weight of a 10‐bar plane truss. All problems are strongly constrained. The algorithms were evaluated using two criteria: quality of solutions and the number of function evaluations. The results show that PSO presented the best balance between these two criteria. For the optimization problems approached in this paper, we can also conclude that the explosion procedure resulted in no significant improvements. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of the uniform source‐and‐sink scheme to molecular dynamics calculation of the self‐diffusion coefficient of fluids
Authors: Dong Ruo‐Yu , Cao Bing‐Yang 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYA uniform source‐and‐sink scheme was developed by Cao and Li [J. Chem. Phys. 133 (2010), 024106] to calculate the thermal conductivity of solid argon. Now, we aim to apply this scheme to the calculation of the self‐diffusion coefficient. We divide the particles into equal halves, and label them with A or B. By exchanging the labels of individual atoms from the right and left half systems, we can produce an internal matter flux, and hence the internal matter source and sink can be realized. The density profile is piecewise quadratic throughout the system and the self‐diffusion coefficient can be easily extracted from the mean densities of the right and left half systems rather than by fitting the density profile. In particular, this is a nonequilibrium molecular dynamics method but established on an equilibrium system. The scheme is applied to calculate the self‐diffusion coefficient by taking a Lennard–Jones fluid as a case, examining its homogeneity, convergence, label exchange interval, and dependence on density, temperature, and system size. The uniform source‐and‐sink scheme is demonstrated to be able to give accurate results with fast convergence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relapsed hepatoblastoma
Authors: Trobaugh‐Lotrario Angela D. , Feusner James H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSuccessful treatment of recurrent hepatoblastoma (HB) relies largely on surgical resection. When tumors are responsive, chemotherapy can be used to render patients resectable. Various chemotherapeutic regimens studied in small numbers of patients on phase I/II trials have shown few responses. The best available data indicate that doxorubicin, if not given during intial treatment, and irinotecan are the most active agents in recurrent HB. Stem cell transplantation and radiation therapy have been reported in several patients with unclear successes. Advances in therapy for relapsed patients require concentrating enrollment in one or two phase I/II trials utilizing agents with promising preclinical data. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 813–817. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spin–lattice correlations in Pr0.55Sr0.45MnO3 studied by electron paramagnetic resonance
Authors: Fan Jiyu , Tong Wei , Zhang Lei , Shi Yangguang , Zhu Yan , Hu Dazhi , Zhang Weichun , Ying Yao , Ling Langsheng , Pi Li , Zhang Yuheng 
Published: May 2012

AbstractElectron paramagnetic resonance studies have been performed on the perovskite manganite Pr0.55Sr0.45MnO3. The various spectrum parameters including line width, effective g‐value and double‐integrated intensities have been analyzed in detail. The changes of g‐value and linewidth are indicative of the presence of strong spin–lattice interaction in the paramagnetic regime. The lattice distortion causes the appearance of localized carriers and the formation of a small polaron. Therefore, the large activation energy obtained from two different methods implies that a strong spin–lattice correlation exists in Pr0.55Sr0.45MnO3.
Test models for filtering and prediction of moisture‐coupled tropical waves
Authors: Harlim John , Majda Andrew J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe filtering/data assimilation and prediction of moisture‐coupled tropical waves is a contemporary topic with significant implications for extended‐range forecasting. The development of efficient algorithms to capture such waves is limited by the unstable multiscale features of tropical convection which can organize large‐scale circulations and the sparse observations of the moisture‐coupled wave in both the horizontal and vertical. The approach proposed here is to address these difficult issues of data assimilation and prediction through a suite of analogue models which, despite their simplicity, capture key features of the observational record and physical processes in moisture‐coupled tropical waves. The analogue models emphasized here involve the multicloud convective parametrization based on three cloud types (congestus, deep, and stratiform) above the boundary layer. Two test examples involving an MJO‐like turbulent travelling wave and the initiation of a convectively coupled wave train are introduced to illustrate the approach. A suite of reduced filters with judicious model errors for data assimilation of sparse observations of tropical waves, based on linear stochastic models in a moisture‐coupled eigenmode basis is developed here and applied to the two test problems. Both the reduced filter and 3D‐Var with a full moist background covariance matrix can recover the unobserved troposphere humidity and precipitation rate; on the other hand, 3D‐Var with a dry background covariance matrix fails to recover these unobserved variables. The skill of the reduced filtering methods in recovering the unobserved precipitation, congestus, and stratiform heating rates as well as the front‐to‐rear tilt of the convectively coupled waves exhibits a subtle dependence on the sparse observation network and the observation time. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
A novel azocompound, 2‐(4‐phenylazoaniline)‐4‐phenylphenol: Spectroscopic and quantum‐chemical approach
Authors: Nicolás‐Vázquez Inés , Pérez‐Caballero Guadalupe , Jiménez Annia Galano , Rangel Georgina Guzmán , Ruvalcaba René Miranda 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA novel azocompound with two nonequivalents azo groups, 2‐(4‐phenylazoaniline)‐4‐phenylphenol, was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and computational analysis. An intramolecular hydrogen bonding (HB), O1H1···N1, involving the N1N2 group and the proton in a neighbor hydroxyl moiety, was identified. It was found responsible for a characteristic π‐conjugated H1O1C18C13N2N1 six‐membered cyclic fragment. It is worth noting that this azo group is involved in an azo‐hydrazo equilibrium, being the azo form the most stable one. This resonance‐assisted HB was characterized using the OH‐related infrared bands and the corresponding signals in 1H NMR. In addition, conformational studies and geometrical and electronic parameter calculations were performed using the density functional theory, at B3LYP/6‐311++G** level. Bond and ring critical points were identified using the atoms in molecules theory, which allowed confirming the intramolecular HB. The second azo‐group cannot be involved in HB, but it also presents two stereoisomerics forms corresponding to cis (Z) and trans (E) configurations, with the later being the one with the lowest energy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automated three‐dimensional coded contrast imaging hysterosalpingo‐contrast sonography: feasibility in office tubal patency testing
Authors: Exacoustos C. , Di Giovanni A. , Szabolcs B. , Romeo V. , Romanini M. E. , Luciano D. , Zupi E. , Arduini D. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of transvaginal hysterosalpingo‐contrast sonography (HyCoSy) with new automated three‐dimensional coded contrast imaging (3D‐CCI) software in the evaluation of tubal patency and visualization of tubal course.MethodsPatients undergoing HyCoSy with automated 3D‐CCI software were evaluated prospectively. First, to evaluate the feasibility of 3D visualization of tubal course, we performed consecutive volume acquisitions while injecting SonoVue contrast agent. We then performed conventional two‐dimensional (2D) real‐time HyCoSy to confirm tubal patency status by detection of saline and air bubbles moving through the Fallopian tubes and around the ovaries. We also evaluated visualization with CCI of the contrast agent around the ovaries, side effects and pain during and after the procedure, by visual analog scale (VAS) (ranging from 0 to 10, with 0 corresponding to no pain and 10 corresponding to maximum pain).ResultsA total of 126 patients (252 tubes) underwent 3D‐CCI HyCoSy followed by 2D real‐time HyCoSy. According to the final 2D real‐time evaluation, bilateral tubal patency was observed in 111 patients, bilateral tubal occlusion in four patients and unilateral tubal patency in 11 patients. The concordance rate for tubal patency status between the first 3D volume acquisition and the final 2D real‐time evaluation was 84% and that between the second 3D volume acquisition and the final 2D real‐time evaluation was 97%. A pain score >5 on VAS was recorded in 58% of patients during the procedure, but a pain score ≤ 5 was recorded in 85.7% of patients immediately after the procedure.ConclusionsHyCoSy with automated 3D‐CCI technology retains the advantages of conventional 2D HyCoSy while overcoming the disadvantages. 2D HyCoSy is highly observer‐dependent and is only accurate in the hands of experienced investigators; by obtaining a volume of the uterus and tubes, automated 3D volume acquisition permits visualization of the tubes in the coronal view and of the tubal course in 3D space, and should allow less experienced operators to evaluate tubal patency status relatively easily. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasound criteria and CA 125 as predictive variables of ovarian cancer in women with adnexal tumors
Authors: Hartman C. A. , Juliato C. R. T. , Sarian L. O. , Toledo M. C. , Jales R. M. , Morais S. S. , Pitta D. D. , Marussi E. F. , Derchain S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the capacity to predict malignancy in women with adnexal tumors using CA 125 measurement and ultrasound criteria.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study including 103 women with a total of 110 adnexal tumors. CA 125 level was measured in a sample of peripheral blood. Lesions were classified by ultrasound, using standardized predetermined criteria, as benign (B) or malignant (M). Those that could not be classified by these criteria were assessed subjectively. Histopathologic examination of surgical specimens was used as the gold standard.ResultsOf 110 tumors, 79 (71.8%) were benign and 31 (28.2%) were malignant on histopathology. Ultrasound criteria could be applied to 91 (82.7%) tumors, resulting in a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 87%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 69% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 97%. In tumors not classifiable according to ultrasound criteria, subjective sonographic assessment gave a sensitivity of 67%, specificity of 80%, PPV of 75% and NPV of 73%. At a cut‐off point of 37.4 U/mL, CA 125 had a sensitivity of 69%, a specificity of 87.8%, a PPV of 69% and a NPV of 88% for detection of malignancy. When CA 125 was associated with age and ultrasound criteria in a logistic regression model, the sensitivity and specificity increased in the subset of sonographically malignant tumors.ConclusionThe majority of tumors were correctly classified using ultrasound criteria. CA 125 alone performed worse than did ultrasound in discriminating malignant from benign adnexal tumors. CA 125 measurement contributed to the diagnosis of malignancy, improving overall specificity, only in sonographically malignant tumors. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chapter 7: Grading a Body of Evidence on Diagnostic Tests
Authors: Singh Sonal , Chang Stephanie M. , Matchar David B. , Bass Eric B. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Grading the strength of a body of diagnostic test evidence involves challenges over and above those related to grading the evidence from health care intervention studies. This chapter identifies challenges and outlines principles for grading the body of evidence related to diagnostic test performance.

CHALLENGES
Diagnostic test evidence is challenging to grade because standard tools for grading evidence were designed for questions about treatment rather than diagnostic testing; and the clinical usefulness of a diagnostic test depends on multiple links in a chain of evidence connecting the performance of a test to changes in clinical outcomes.

PRINCIPLES
Reviewers grading the strength of a body of evidence on diagnostic tests should consider the principle domains of risk of bias, directness, consistency, and precision, as well as publication bias, dose response association, plausible unmeasured confounders that would decrease an effect, and strength of association, similar to what is done to grade evidence on treatment interventions. Given that most evidence regarding the clinical value of diagnostic tests is indirect, an analytic framework must be developed to clarify the key questions, and strength of evidence for each link in that framework should be graded separately. However if reviewers choose to combine domains into a single grade of evidence, they should explain their rationale for a particular summary grade and the relevant domains that were weighed in assigning the summary grade.
Karyotype variations in Italian populations of the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Rivi M. , Monti V. , Mazzoni E. , Cassanelli S. , Panini M. , Bizzaro D. , Mandrioli M. , Manicardi G.C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this study, we present cytogenetic data regarding 66 Myzus persicae strains collected in different regions of Italy. Together with the most common 2n = 12 karyotype, the results showed different chromosomal rearrangements: 2n = 12 with A1–3 reciprocal translocation, 2n = 13 with A1–3 reciprocal translocation and A3 fission, 2n = 13 with A3 fission, 2n = 13 with A4 fission, 2n = 14 with X and A3 fissions. A 2n = 12–13 chromosomal mosaicism has also been observed. Chromosomal aberrations (and in particular all strains showing A1–3 reciprocal translocation) are especially frequent in strains collected on tobacco plants, and we suggest that a clastogenic effect of nicotine, further benefited by the holocentric nature of aphid chromosomes, could be at the basis of the observed phenomenon.
Morphology and phylogeny ofReticulitermessp. (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae) from Cyprus
Authors: Ghesini S. , Marini M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTaxonomy and phylogeny of termites of the genusReticulitermesin central and eastern Mediterranean lands are poorly understood, partly due to insufficient sampling. This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of east Mediterranean termites by presenting morphological and molecular data onReticulitermesfrom Cyprus. Samples from 15 colonies were collected throughout the island. Qualitative and quantitative morphological characters were analyzed for alate and soldier castes. Partial sequences of the mitochondrial genes COII and 16S were used to evaluate genetic diversity of Cypriot colonies and to determine their phylogenetic relationships with taxa from central and eastern Mediterranean areas.Cypriot alates have some morphological features in common with the IsraeliR. clypeatus: an enlarged postclypeus and a wide unpigmented margin of the eye. They are larger thanR. clypeatusbut smaller than western European species, such asR. banyulensis, R. lucifugus corsicusandR. grassei. For Cypriot soldiers, two size groups were identified, possibly in relation with the age of their mother colonies.Phylogenetic analysis shows that, contrary to what might be expected, the samples with the highest affinity with Cypriot samples are not those from the nearby mainland (south Turkey, Israel), but from north-eastern Greece. Comprehensive sampling in the nearby mainland is lacking, so the possibility that populations exist it that region with an affinity towards CypriotReticulitermessp. cannot be ruled out. Together with samples from the Halkidiki peninsula, north-eastern Greece, northern Turkey and Crete, CypriotReticulitermesform a well-supported north-eastern Mediterranean clade.
Magnetic resonance imaging features of large endolymphatic sac compartments: audiological and clinical correlates
Authors: Connor S E J , Siddiqui A , O'Gorman R , Tysome J R , Lee A , Jiang D , Fitzgerald-O'Connor A 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectives:(1) To study the prevalence and characteristics of large endolymphatic sac internal compartments on thin-section T2- and T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and to relate these to other large endolymphatic sac magnetic resonance imaging features, and (2) to correlate the compartment imaging features, endolymphatic sac size and labyrinthine anomalies with the patients' clinical and audiological data.Method:Magnetic resonance imaging studies for 38 patients with large endolymphatic sac anomalies were retrospectively reviewed in a tertiary referral centre. Endolymphatic sac compartment presence, morphology and imaging signal were assessed. Endolymphatic sac size and labyrinthine anomalies were also recorded. Endolymphatic sac compartments and other imaging features were correlated with clinical and audiological data.Results:Compartments were present in 57 per cent of the imaged endolymphatic sacs, but their presence alone did not correlate with other imaging features or clinical data. The endolymphatic sac : internal auditory meatus signal ratio was associated with a history of sudden or fluctuating hearing loss. Hearing loss correlated with opercular and extraosseous endolymphatic sac size measurements. A larger midpoint intraosseous endolymphatic sac size was associated with clear fluid loss at cochlear implantation.Conclusion:The magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of large endolymphatic sac compartments have been defined. The endolymphatic sac size and distal compartment signal should be recorded, as these provide prognostic information and assist the planning of appropriate interventions.
Traditional Electricity Systems in Spain: Fensa (1927-1991)
Authors: Garrués-Irurzun Josean 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBecause the literature of European economic history has paid little attention to traditional electricity systems, the interest in studyingFensalies in analysing the different types of companies, which helped to shape the development of the Spanish electricity sector prior to its present oligopolistic structure. This case provides insight into two issues. First, we learn about the behaviour of the second-generation companies (those that based their production on a controlled hydropower regime), which, despite their limited size, made their commercial specialisation (supplying the dynamic industrial market of Guipúzcoa) their main comparative advantage. Second, we analyse the behaviour of those companies which at this time, as distribution companies and/or subsidiaries of the large Spanish companies (Iberduero), were an instrument of the policy of integrating regional markets.
An arrow in the Achilles' heel of sustainability and wealth accounting
Authors: Smulders Sjak 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHow sustainable is the growth pattern of a national economy? At first, answering this question seems almost impossible, since this would require knowing what happens and what can happen in the future. One needs to assess whether the investments we make today will be sufficient to provide future generations with the means to cope with imminent disasters like the exhaustion of minerals and vital resources, or other problems like increasing population pressure and climate change. One also needs to assess which combination of investment leads to the desired result. If entrepreneurs, managers and households already have problems in finding out what is the best mix of investment for them in their micro-environment, how can we answer the aggregate question that needs so much more information?
Hyperactivity induced by the dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole is attenuated by inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation in mice
Authors: Luque-Rojas María Jesús , Galeano Pablo , Suárez Juan , Araos Pedro , Santín Luis J. , de Fonseca Fernando Rodríguez , Calvo Eduardo Blanco 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of pharmacological inhibition of endocannabinoid degradation on behavioural actions of the dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole in male C57Bl/6J mice. In addition, we studied the effects of endocannabinoid degradation inhibition on both cocaine-induced psychomotor activation and behavioural sensitization. We analysed the effects of inhibition of the two main endocannabinoid degradation enzymes: fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), using inhibitor URB597 (1 mg/kg); monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), using inhibitor URB602 (10 mg/kg). Administration of quinpirole (1 mg/kg) caused a temporal biphasic response characterized by a first phase of immobility (0–50 min), followed by enhanced locomotion (next 70 min) that was associated with the introduction of stereotyped behaviours (stereotyped jumping and rearing). Pretreatment with both endocannabinoid degradation inhibitors did not affect the hypoactivity actions of quinpirole. However, this pretreatment resulted in a marked decrease in quinpirole-induced locomotion and stereotyped behaviours. Administration of FAAH or MAGL inhibitors did not attenuate the acute effects of cocaine. Furthermore, these inhibitors did not impair the acquisition of cocaine-induced behavioural sensitization or the expression of cocaine-induced conditioned locomotion. Only MAGL inhibition attenuated the expression of an already acquired cocaine-induced behavioural sensitization. These results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of endocannabinoid degradation might exert a negative feedback on D2/D3 receptor-mediated hyperactivity. This finding might be relevant for therapeutic approaches for either psychomotor disorders (dyskinesia, corea) or disorganized behaviours associated with dopamine-mediated hyperactivity.