bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Floral resources enhance aphid suppression by a hoverfly
Authors: Hogg Brian N. , Nelson Erik H. , Mills Nicholas J. , Daane Kent M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe reduction in floral diversity that often accompanies agricultural intensification may compromise the effectiveness of many natural enemies. Field studies examining the effects of floral resources on natural enemy fitness have been rare, however, particularly for predators such as hoverflies. Making the link between the presence of floral resources and the suppression of herbivores in crop fields has proved difficult. We investigated the effects of the floral resource plant sweet alyssum, Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. (Brassicaceae), on aphid suppression by the hoverfly Eupeodes fumipennis (Thomson) (Diptera: Syrphidae) in California lettuce fields. The presence of alyssum in field cages significantly enhanced hoverfly egg production, resulting in more hoverfly larvae and fewer aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Hoverfly survival was unaffected by alyssum, indicating that the indirect effect of alyssum on aphids was mediated primarily through the reproductive component of hoverfly fitness. Alyssum and other plant species are used to enhance resources for natural enemies in agricultural landscapes, and the results of this study provide some of the clearest evidence to date that increasing floral resource availability can enhance pest suppression and crop quality through elevated natural enemy fitness.
Prognostic impact of DNMT3A mutations in patients with intermediate cytogenetic risk profile acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Marková Jana , Michková Petra , Burčková Kateřina , Březinová Jana , Michalová Kyra , Dohnalová Alena , Maaloufová Jacqueline Soukupová , Soukup Petr , Vítek Antonín , Cetkovský Petr , Schwarz Jiří 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives: Recently, mutations in DNMT3A gene have been described in about 25% acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases, preferentially in monocytic AML. They were found to predict worse overall survival (OS) of mutated patients. Patients and methods: RT‐PCR followed by direct sequencing was used to test the presence of DNMT3A mutations in 226 AML patients with an intermediate‐risk (IR) cytogenetics. Results: Sixty‐seven patients of 226 (29.6%) carried a mutation in the DNMT3A gene. Occurrence of DNMT3A mutations was associated with female sex (P = 0.027) and with the presence of FLT3/ITD (P = 0.003), but not with particular FAB subtypes. Patients with DNMT3A mutation had higher initial WBC counts than those without it (P = 0.064) only because of higher incidence of FLT3/ITD within these cases. There was no difference between mutated and wild‐type groups in reaching complete remission (CR) (P = 0.380). OS was not affected by DNMT3A mutation (P = 0.251), but OS of patients who reached CR was longer in DNMT3A negative cases (P = 0.025). Patients with DNMT3A mutation had a higher relapse rate (P = 0.007). Patients carrying both the DNMT3A mutation and FLT3/ITD relapsed more often than either patients with single DNMT3A mutation (P = 0.044) or patients with FLT3/ITD only (P = 0.058). DNMT3A mutations were associated with higher relapse rate even within the FLT3/ITD‐negative group (P = 0.072). After reaching CR, these two genetic factors were independent predictors of relapse at multivariate analysis (P < 0.001). Only three of 30 ‘double‐mutated’ (FLT3/ITD+, DNMT3A+) patients are still alive, all of them having undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Conclusions: We have confirmed the high incidence of DNMT3A mutations in patients with AML with IR cytogenetics. Patients with DNMT3A mutations relapse more often and have inferior OS when only patients achieving CR are analyzed. ‘Double‐mutated’ patients have a very poor prognosis.
Chronic kidney disease stage 5 as the prognostic complement of International Staging System for multiple myeloma
Authors: Hsiao Liang‐Tsai , Yang Ching‐Fen , Yang Sheng‐Hsiang , Gau Jyh‐Pyng , Yu Yuan‐Bin , Hong Ying‐Chung , Liu Chun‐Yu , Liu Jin‐Hwang , Chen Po‐Min , Chiou Tzeon‐Jye , Tzeng Cheng‐Hwai 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground:  Reversal of renal impairment (RI) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has been evaluated using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRMDRD) formula developed by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study group. However, the prognostic impact of eGFRMDRD at diagnosis of MM is not well studied, particularly its use in conjunction with the International Staging System (ISS).Methods:  Newly diagnosed patients with MM were enrolled between 1996 and 2007. Data on clinical features, laboratory tests, and overall survival were compared in terms of corresponding eGFRMDRD.Results:  A total of 387 patients with MM (median age, 71 yr) were enrolled. At diagnosis, 56% had ISS stage III disease; the median values of serum creatinine (SCr) and eGFRMDRD were 1.4 mg/dL and 38.2 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Thirty‐four percent of patients had SCr of ≥2.0 mg/dL, and 81.2% had chronic kidney disease stages 3–5 (CKD 3–5). Higher CKD stages were significantly more common in men, older patients (≥65 yr), and those with Durie–Salmon and ISS stage III, light‐chain diseases, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypercalcemia, elevated serum β2 microglobulin, or lactate dehydrogenase. In the Cox regression model, CKD 4–5 or CKD 5 alone was independently associated with poor survival. A diagnosis of CKD 5 was shown to be useful in identifying the subgroup of ISS‐III patients at high risk – those with a median overall survival of 7.2 months.Conclusions:  Our study demonstrates the prognostic impact of eGFRMDRD in patients with MM and CKD 5 as the ISS‐independent surrogate predictor of poorest prognosis.
Overexpression of Dsk2/dUbqln results in severe developmental defects and lethality inDrosophila melanogasterthat can be rescued by overexpression of the p54/Rpn10/S5a proteasomal subunit
Authors: Lipinszki Zoltán , Pál Margit , Nagy Olga , Deák Péter , Hunyadi‐Gulyas Eva , Udvardy Andor 
Published: October 2011

Polyubiquitin receptors execute the targeting of polyubiquitylated proteins to the 26S proteasome.In vitrostudies indicate that disturbance of the physiological balance among different receptor proteins impairs the proteasomal degradation of polyubiquitylated proteins. To study the physiological consequences of shifting thein vivoequilibrium between the p54/Rpn10 proteasomal and the Dsk2/dUbqln extraproteasomal polyubiquitin receptors, transgenicDrosophilalines were constructed in which the overexpression or RNA interference‐mediated silencing of these receptors can be induced. Flies overexpressing Flag–p54 were viable and fertile, without any detectable morphological abnormalities, although detectable accumulation of polyubiquitylated proteins demonstrated a certain level of proteolytic disturbance. Flag–p54 was assembled into the 26S proteasome and could fully complement the lethal phenotype of ap54null mutantDrosophilaline. The overexpression of Dsk2 caused severe morphological abnormalities in the late pupal stages, leading to pharate adult lethality, accompanied by a huge accumulation of highly polyubiquitylated proteins. The lethal phenotype of Dsk2 overexpression could be rescued in a double transgenic line coexpressing Flag–Dsk2 and Flag–p54. Although the double transgenic line was viable and fertile, it did not restore the proteolytic defects; the accumulation of the highly polyubiquitylated proteins was even more severe in the double transgenic line. Significant differences were found in the Dsk2–26S proteasome interaction inDrosophila melanogasteras compared withSaccharomyces cerevisiae. In yeast, Dsk2 can interact only with ΔRpn10 proteasomes and not with the wild‐type one. InDrosophila, Dsk2 does not interact with Δp54 proteasomes, but the interaction can be fully restored by complementing the Δp54 deletion with Flag–p54.Structured digital abstract Dsk2 physically interacts with p54 by pull down (View Interaction: 1, 2) p54 binds to Dsk2 by pull down (View interaction)
Regional Citrate Anticoagulation in Predilution Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration Using Prismocitrate 10/2 Solution
Authors: Shum Hoi‐Ping , Chan King‐Chung , Yan Wing‐Wa 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRegional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is associated with a longer filter life and fewer bleeding events. Complexity of the regimen is the major hurdle preventing widespread application. This study describes a simple predilution continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) protocol utilizing a commercially prepared replacement solution containing citrate (Prismocitrate 10/2). Ten patients with acute renal failure were evaluated. The Prismaflex system was used for predilution CVVH, with Prismocitrate 10/2 running at 2500 mL/h as the main predilution replacement. An 8.4% sodium bicarbonate solution was infused at 50 mL/h in the first 2 h followed by 30 mL/h; 10% calcium gluconate was given to achieve an ionized calcium (iCa) level of 1–1.2 mmol/L. The circuit was run for 72 h unless there was filter clotting, transportation was required, or the patient did not require further CRRT. Total treatment duration was 504.5 h. The post‐dilution equivalent ultrafiltration rate was 32.9 mL/kg/h (interquartile range [IQR] 31.6–38.2) and the median circuit life was 50.3 h (IQR 25.5–72.0). None of the circuit was changed due to circuit clotting. The median systemic iCa was 0.98 mmol/L (IQR 0.91–1.08). The total calcium‐to‐iCa ratio was 2.33 (IQR 2.21–2.45). None of the patients developed hypernatremia (Na ≥ 150 mmol/L) or citrate toxicity (total Ca‐to‐iCa ratio > 2.5 plus increasing metabolic acidosis), and metabolic alkalosis (pH ≥ 7.5) occurred in one patient. This simple RCA CVVH protocol using commercially‐prepared solution could be a feasible, relatively safe, and effective alternative to the conventional regimen for patients with a body weight up to 80 kg.
Ischemic Involvement of the Primary Motor Cortex is a Prognostic Factor in Acute Stroke
Authors: Kaya Dilaver , Dincer Alp , Arman Fehim , Bakirci Nadi , Erzen Canan , Pamir M. Necmettin 
Published: October 2011

Background The location of the primary motor cortex can be detected in healthy adults using the findings of ‘T2 hypointensity’ and the ‘double layer sign’ on 3 T diffusion-weighted imaging. The aim of this study was to assess whether ischemic involvement of the primary motor cortex can be identified on 3 T diffusion-weighted imaging within six-hours after stroke onset and to evaluate whether this finding could predict clinical outcome three-months after ischemic stroke. Methods Sixty-five patients who had paralysis and ischemia of the anterior circulation underwent 3 T magnetic resonance imaging within six-hours of symptom onset. Follow-up MRI was obtained at 72 h. Anatomic localization and ischemic involvement of the primary motor cortex were evaluated on diffusion-weighted imaging by two investigators. Ischemic involvement on the primary motor cortex was classified into three grades. Ischemic lesion volumes were measured. We compared the favorable outcomes at three-months between subjects with and without ischemic involvement on the primary motor cortex using the NIHSS and modified Rankin Scale. Results Ischemic involvement on the primary motor cortex was identified in 52% of patients. Interrater agreement coefficients were 0·93 for the identification of ischemic involvement of primary motor cortex. As defined by scores on the modified Rankin Scale, among the patients with ischemic involvement of the primary motor cortex were worse than the patients without ischemic involvement of the primary motor cortex ( P = 0·01). The mean ischemic lesion volume at baseline diffusion-weighted imaging was 38·7 ± 41·7 cm3 and was 89·8 ± 93·6 cm3 at follow-up T2-WI. Ischemic involvement on the primary motor cortex (odds ratio: 14·7) was a determinant for worse outcome. Conclusions 3T diffusion-weighted imaging can identify ischemic involvement on the primary motor cortex and may provide useful information for predicting outcome during the hyperacute stage. Ischemic involvement on the primary motor cortex has a significant negative impact on recovery.
Stepping towards Prevention of Bone Loss after Stroke: A Systematic Review of the Skeletal Effects of Physical Activity after Stroke
Authors: Borschmann Karen , Pang Marco Y. C. , Bernhardt Julie , Iuliano-Burns Sandra 
Published: October 2011

Bone loss after stroke is pronounced, and contributes to increased fracture risk. People who fracture after stroke experience reduced mobility and increased mortality. Physical activity can maintain or improve bone mineral density and structure in healthy older adults, likely reducing fracture risk. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the skeletal effects of physical activity in adults affected by stroke. A search of electronic databases was undertaken. Selection criteria of trials were prospective and controlled physical activity-based intervention participants with history of stroke, and bone-related outcome measures. Effect sizes were calculated for outcomes of paretic and nonparetic limbs. Three of 349 identified records met the inclusion criteria. Small effect sizes were found in favor of physical activity in adults with chronic stroke ( n=95, 40% female, average age 63·8 years, more than one-year poststroke). Patients in intervention groups had significantly higher changes in femoral neck bone mineral density, tibial cortical thickness and trabecular bone mineral content of the paretic limb, compared with controls ( P<0·05). It is not known whether these benefits reduced fracture risk. There are limited studies investigating the skeletal effect of physical activity for adults poststroke. Given the increased risk of, and poor outcomes following a fracture after stroke, randomized trials are warranted to investigate the benefits of physical activity on bone, after stroke. Interventions are likely to be beneficial if implemented soon after stroke, when bone loss appears to be rapid and pronounced.
A mouse model of reverse cardiac remodelling following banding‐debanding of the ascending aorta
Authors: Bjørnstad J. L. , Skrbic B. , Sjaastad I. , Bjørnstad S. , Christensen G. , Tønnessen T. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim:  Myocardial remodelling during pressure overload might contribute to development of heart failure. Reverse remodelling normally occurs following aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis; however, the details and regulatory mechanisms of reverse remodelling remain unknown. Thus, an experimental model of reverse remodelling would allow for studies of this process. Although models of aortic banding are widely used, only few reports of debanding models exist. The aim of this study was to establish a banding–debanding model in the mouse with repetitive careful haemodynamic evaluation by high‐resolution echocardiography.Methods:  C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to ascending aortic banding and subsequent debanding. Cardiac geometry and function were evaluated by echocardiography, and left ventricular myocardium was analysed by histology and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results:  The degree of aortic banding was controlled by non‐invasive estimation of the gradient, and we found a close correlation between left ventricular mass estimated by echocardiography and weight at the time of killing. Aortic banding led to left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis and expression of foetal genes, indicating myocardial remodelling. Echocardiography revealed concentric left ventricular remodelling and myocardial dysfunction. Following debanding, performed via a different incision, there was rapid regression of left ventricular weight and normalization of both cardiac geometry and function by 14 days.Conclusions:  We have established a reproducible and carefully characterized mouse model of reverse remodelling by banding and debanding of the ascending aorta. Such a model might contribute to increased understanding of the reversibility of cardiac pathology, which in turn might give rise to new strategies in heart failure treatment.
Bīrūnī’s Thought and Legacy
Authors: Mirza Mahan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis is a survey article on the thought and legacy of the celebrated Muslim scientist and polymath Abū al‐Bīrūnī. It provides a brief background on his life and times, key contributions, scholarly method, ethics, and assesses his legacy in light of recent publications. Aspects that are highlighted are the interplay of science and religion in reference to Ibn Rushd and Ghazālī, the critical reception of Aristotle in classical Islam in relation to Ibn Sīnā, and the influence of the Arabic intellectual culture on Western Europe.
A plant‐based system for rapid production of influenza vaccine antigens
Authors: Shoji Yoko , Farrance Christine E. , Bautista James , Bi Hong , Musiychuk Konstantin , Horsey April , Park HeeWoo , Jaje Jennifer , Green Brian J. , Shamloul Moneim , Sharma Satish , Chichester Jessica A. , Mett Vadim , Yusibov Vidadi 
Published: October 2011

Please cite this paper as: Shoji et al. (2011) A plant‐based system for rapid production of influenza vaccine antigens. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(3), 204–210.Background  Influenza virus is a globally important respiratory pathogen that causes a high degree of annual morbidity and mortality. Significant antigenic drift results in emergence of new, potentially pandemic, virus variants. The best prophylactic option for controlling emerging virus strains is to manufacture and administer pandemic vaccines in sufficient quantities and to do so in a timely manner without impacting the regular seasonal influenza vaccine capacity. Current, egg‐based, influenza vaccine production is well established and provides an effective product, but has limited capacity and speed.Objectives  To satisfy the additional global demand for emerging influenza vaccines, high‐performance cost‐effective technologies need to be developed. Plants have a potential as an economic and efficient large‐scale production platform for vaccine antigens.Methods  In this study, a plant virus‐based transient expression system was used to produce hemagglutinin (HA) proteins from the three vaccine strains used during the 2008–2009 influenza season, A/Brisbane/59/07 (H1N1), A/Brisbane/10/07 (H3N2), and B/Florida/4/06, as well as from the recently emerged novel H1N1 influenza A virus, A/California/04/09.Results  The recombinant plant‐based HA proteins were engineered and produced in Nicotiana benthamiana plants within 2 months of obtaining the genetic sequences specific to each virus strain. These antigens expressed at the rate of 400–1300 mg/kg of fresh leaf tissue, with >70% solubility. Immunization of mice with these HA antigens induced serum anti‐HA IgG and hemagglutination inhibition antibody responses at the levels considered protective against these virus infections.Conclusions  These results demonstrate the feasibility of our transient plant expression system for the rapid production of influenza vaccine antigens.
The Virtue Blind Spot: Do Affective Forecasting Errors Undermine Virtuous Behavior?
Authors: Sandstrom Gillian M. , Dunn Elizabeth W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWhy is it difficult to be virtuous? Although cultural wisdom teaches that cultivating virtue brings happiness—and empirical studies have demonstrated the long‐term benefits of acting virtuously—many people seem to behave as though exercising virtues is difficult, or even painful. When it comes to virtue, any benefits for the self may seem distant: short‐term pain for long‐term gain. We propose, however, that behaving virtuously often provides affective benefits even in the short term, but these benefits are obscured by systematic affective forecasting errors. Using five virtues (humanity, wisdom, courage, temperance, and transcendence), we demonstrate that people tend to feel happier after acting virtuously. We also show that people do not realize that these short‐term emotional benefits will occur; when asked to predict how they will feel, people make inaccurate affective forecasts. We argue that these affective forecasting errors drive people away from the exercise of virtue.
Treatment Choice and Placebo Expectation Effects
Authors: Geers Andrew , Rose Jason 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPlacebo expectations can have a strong influence on physical and mental health outcomes. In prior research examining placebo expectation effects, participants have been assigned placebo treatments rather than being actively involved in selecting their treatment. In modern health care, however, individuals are often involved in health care decisions. We review relevant literature regarding choice and placebo expectation effects and conclude that exercising choice over a treatment should strengthen placebo effects. Data relevant to this hypothesis is reviewed. Next, we provide a framework for understanding the key variables involved in mediating and moderating the influence of treatment choice on placebo expectation effects. Finally, theoretical and practical issues revolving around treatment choice in the context of placebo effects are raised.
Self‐Awareness Part 1: Definition, Measures, Effects, Functions, and Antecedents
Authors: Morin Alain 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSelf‐awareness represents the capacity of becoming the object of one’s own attention. In this state one actively identifies, processes, and stores information about the self. This paper surveys the self‐awareness literature by emphasizing definition issues, measurement techniques, effects and functions of self‐attention, and antecedents of self‐awareness. Key self‐related concepts (e.g., minimal, reflective consciousness) are distinguished from the central notion of self‐awareness. Reviewed measures include questionnaires, implicit tasks, and self‐recognition. Main effects and functions of self‐attention consist in self‐evaluation, escape from the self, amplification of one’s subjective experience, increased self‐knowledge, self‐regulation, and inferences about others’ mental states (Theory‐of‐Mind). A neurocognitive and socioecological model of self‐awareness is described in which the role of face‐to‐face interactions, reflected appraisals, mirrors, media, inner speech, imagery, autobiographical knowledge, and neurological structures is underlined.
A Brief Feminist Review and Critique of the Sociology of Alcohol‐Use and Substance‐Abuse Treatment Approaches
Authors: Peralta Robert L. , Jauk Daniela 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGuided by a sociology‐of‐gender framework, we provide an overview and critique of recent academic debates on substance‐use, particularly alcohol‐use. We note that substance use research has been useful for illuminating areas central to sociological inquiry. In limited scope, we focus on the relationships between alcohol‐use, gender, marginalization, violence, and sexualities. Alcohol‐use, we argue, is highly meaningful yet a paradox in that alcohol‐use both upholds and violates gender and sexuality norms. The active construction of gender is particularly visible when focusing on alcohol, gender and violence. We also claim that alcohol plays a role in the maintenance of a gendered society. We conclude by offering suggestions for future sociologically informed research and treatment approaches.