bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Two Forms of Electroanesthesia and Carbon Dioxide for Short-Term Anesthesia in Walleye
Authors: Vandergoot Christopher S. , Murchie Karen J. , Cooke Steven J. , Dettmers John M. , Bergstedt Roger A. , Fielder David G. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Anesthetics immobilize fish, reducing physical damage and stress during aquaculture practices, stock assessment, and experimental procedures. Currently, only tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) is approved for use as an anesthetic for food fish in Canada and the United States; however, MS-222 can only be used with certain fish species, and treated fish must be held for a specified period of time before release into the wild. Two forms of electroanesthesia and carbon dioxide (CO2) were evaluated as anesthetics for adult walleye Sander vitreus to determine their suitability for use before intracoelomic implantation of telemetry transmitters. Walleyes were subjected to one of three treatment groups: constant direct current (CDC), pulsed direct current (PDC), and CO2. Fish subjected to these treatments were monitored for induction (where appropriate) and recovery time and whether these forms of anesthesia were conducive to implanting telemetry transmitters, that is, whether they fit a surgery threshold range of 250–350 s. Additionally, all fish were monitored for posttrial survival, and radiographs were taken to determine whether any vertebral damage was associated with the electroanesthesia treatments. Although all anesthetic treatments successfully immobilized fish for enough time to implant a transmitter, PDC electroanesthesia is recommended because of its immediate induction time, quick recovery, high immediate and short-term survival, and lack of evidence of vertebral abnormalities.
Received January 11, 2011; accepted May 24, 2011
The Effectiveness of Deepwater Release at Improving the Survival of Discarded Yelloweye Rockfish
Authors: Hochhalter Samuel J. , Reed Daniel J. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The effectiveness of deepwater release at improving the 17-d survival of discarded yelloweye rockfish Sebastes ruberrimus was determined by comparing an estimate of survival for individuals released at depth with an estimate of submergence probability for individuals released at the water's surface. A mark–recapture study was used to generate a maximum likelihood estimate of the 17-d survival probability of yelloweye rockfish (n = 182) caught by hook and line (depth = 18–72 m) and subsequently released at depth. The average Cormack–Jolly–Seber survival probability for yelloweye rockfish released at depth was remarkably high (0.988; 95% confidence interval = 0.478–0.999) and positively correlated with individual total length. Survival probability was not significantly influenced by the range of capture depths explored in this study or by exposure to barotrauma and other capture stressors. The submergence success of yelloweye rockfish released at the water's surface was 0.221 (95% confidence interval = 0.149–0.315), suggesting that the maximum survival potential of individuals released at the surface is low. The results of this study indicate that the average survival of discarded yelloweye rockfish can be substantially improved by deepwater release.
Received March 25, 2011; accepted June 22, 2011
The Importance of Trip Context for Determining Primary Angler Motivations: Are More Specialized Anglers More Catch-Oriented than Previously Believed?
Authors: Beardmore Ben , Haider Wolfgang , Hunt Len M. , Arlinghaus Robert 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Most conclusions from general assessments of angler motivations indicate that noncatch motives are more important to anglers than catch motives. Such research usually assesses the general motivation structure by anglers. To assess both general and more context-specific angler motivations, we surveyed the same anglers from northeastern Germany using two phases of a complementary survey design. First, a 1-year diary was used to collect trip-specific information; second, a personalized mail survey was used to elicit context-specific motivation information. Anglers selected their most important motives for their most frequent trip–target species combination (i.e., context) from a list of 10 salient fishing motives. Anglers frequently cited catch motives as the most important across a range of target species, large-bodied species such as northern pike Esox lucius being primarily associated with trophy fishing. Some species (such as small-bodied cyprinids) were targeted for noncatch reasons, while others (such as European perch [also known as Eurasian perch] Perca fluviatilis) attracted anglers seeking a multitude of psychological outcomes. Five distinct angler types were identified based on similarity of prime fishing motivation, namely, trophy-seeking anglers; nontrophy, challenge-seeking anglers; nature-oriented anglers; meal-sharing anglers; and social anglers. Members of these angler groups were similar in demographics and general angling behaviors but differed with respect to several indicators of angler specialization, indicating that committed anglers are more catch-oriented than previously assumed.
Received November 12, 2010; accepted May 26, 2011
Spawning Habitat Unsuitability: An Impediment to Cisco Rehabilitation in Lake Michigan?
Authors: Madenjian Charles P. , Rutherford Edward S. , Blouin Marc A. , Sederberg Bryan J. , Elliott Jeff R. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The cisco Coregonus artedi was one of the most important native prey fishes in Lake Michigan and in the other four Laurentian Great Lakes. Most of the cisco spawning in Lake Michigan was believed to have occurred in Green Bay. The cisco population in Lake Michigan collapsed during the 1950s, and the collapse was attributed in part to habitat degradation within Green Bay. Winter water quality surveys of lower Green Bay during the 1950s and 1960s indicated that the bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was less than 2 mg/L throughout much of the lower bay, and most cisco eggs would not successfully hatch at such low DO concentrations. To determine present-day spawning habitat suitability in lower Green Bay, we compared cisco egg survival in lower Green Bay with survival at a reference site (St. Marys River, Michigan–Ontario) during 2009. We also conducted winter water quality surveys in lower Green Bay and the St. Marys River during 2009 and 2010. Cisco egg survival in lower Green Bay averaged 65.3%, which was remarkably similar to and not significantly different from the mean at the St. Marys River site (64.0%). Moreover, the lowest bottom DO concentrations recorded during the winter surveys were 11.2 mg/L in lower Green Bay and 12.7 mg/L in the St. Marys River. These relatively high DO concentrations would not be expected to have any negative effect on cisco egg survival. We conclude that winter water quality conditions in lower Green Bay were suitable for successful hatching of cisco eggs and that water quality during the egg incubation period did not represent an impediment to cisco rehabilitation in Lake Michigan. Our approach to determining spawning habitat suitability for coregonids would be applicable to other aquatic systems.
Received May 14, 2011; accepted July 6, 2011
Accuracy of Removal Electrofishing Estimates of Trout Abundance in Rocky Mountain Streams
Authors: Meyer Kevin A. , High Brett 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Removal electrofishing is frequently used to estimate fish distribution and abundance in streams because it is simple and requires only one visit to a site. However, because the removal method usually overestimates capture efficiency and therefore underestimates fish abundance, some biologists have questioned its use in favor of less biased methods. In southern Idaho streams in the summers of 2006 and 2007, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, cutthroat trout O. clarkii, and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis were captured with backpack electrofishers using pulsed DC and marked and released in blocknetted sites; on the following day, four-pass electrofishing removals were conducted. Removal electrofishing underestimated the abundance of trout 10 cm and larger by 17% (four passes), 22% (three), and 25% (two); for trout less than 10 cm, the respective underestimates were 27, 27, and 37%. Removal estimates were biased in part because capture efficiency progressively decreased for fish 10 cm and larger from 58% in pass one to 37% (two passes), 30% (three), and 18% (four); a similar decline was not as evident for fish less than 10 cm. Increased channel complexity, in the form of boulder substrate, water depth, and stream shading, increased bias in removal estimates. Linear regression models incorporating these and other variables explained 44–67% of the variation in this bias. Visiting new sites in the summer of 2009 with a new field crew produced similar amounts of removal estimate bias, but predictions based on multiple-regression results did not correct the bias any more accurately than did using a mean correction rate from the original sites. Our results suggest that multiple-pass removal sampling in typical Rocky Mountain streams can produce population estimates that are consistently but not drastically biased and are, therefore, probably adequate for most basic fish population monitoring even without correction, especially if electrofisher settings and crew training balance the need to minimize injury with effective fish sampling.
Received January 4, 2011; accepted June 20, 2011
SomaticSniper: identification of somatic point mutations in whole genome sequencing data
Authors: Larson David E. , Harris Christopher C. , Chen Ken , Koboldt Daniel C. , Abbott Travis E. , Dooling David J. , Ley Timothy J. , Mardis Elaine R. , Wilson Richard K. , Ding Li 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Motivation: The sequencing of tumors and their matched normals is frequently used to study the genetic composition of cancer. Despite this fact, there remains a dearth of available software tools designed to compare sequences in pairs of samples and identify sites that are likely to be unique to one sample.
Results: In this article, we describe the mathematical basis of our SomaticSniper software for comparing tumor and normal pairs. We estimate its sensitivity and precision, and present several common sources of error resulting in miscalls.
Availability and implementation: Binaries are freely available for download at http://gmt.genome.wustl.edu/somatic-sniper/current/, implemented in C and supported on Linux and Mac OS X.
Contact: delarson@wustl.edu; lding@wustl.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Resolution of Parenteral Nutrition–associated Jaundice on Changing From a Soybean Oil Emulsion to a Complex Mixed‐Lipid Emulsion
Authors: Muhammed Rafeeq , Bremner Ronald , Protheroe Sue , Johnson Tracey , Holden Chris , Murphy M. Stephen 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and Objective:Resolution of parenteral nutrition (PN)–associated jaundice has been reported in children given a reduced dose of intravenous fat using a fish oil–derived lipid emulsion. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect on PN‐associated jaundice of changing from a soybean oil–derived lipid to a mixed lipid emulsion derived from soybean, coconut, olive, and fish oils without reducing the total amount of lipid given.Methods:Retrospective cohort comparison examining serum bilirubin during 6 months in children with PN‐associated jaundice who changed to SMOFlipid (n = 8) or remained on Intralipid (n = 9).Results:At entry, both groups received most of their energy as PN (SMOFlipid 81.5%, range 65.5–100 vs Intralipid 92.2%, range 60.3–100; P = 0.37). After 6 months, both tolerated increased enteral feeding but still received large proportions of their energy as PN (SMOFlipid 68.4%, range 36.6–100 vs Intralipid 50%, range 37.6–76; P = 0.15). The median bilirubin at the outset was 143 μmol/L (range 71–275) in the SMOFlipid group and 91 μmol/L (range 78–176) in the Intralipid group. After 6 months, 5 of 8 children in the SMOFlipid and 2 of 9 children in the Intralipid group had total resolution of jaundice. The median bilirubin fell by 99 μmol/L in the SMOFlipid group but increased by 79 μmol/L in the Intralipid group (P = 0.02).Conclusions:SMOFlipid may have important protective properties for the liver and may constitute a significant advance in PN formulation. Randomised trials are needed to study the efficacy of SMOFlipid in preventing PN liver disease.
The European internet-based patient and research database for primary immunodeficiencies: update 2011
Authors:   ESID Registry Working Party, Gathmann B , Binder N , Ehl S , Kindle G 
Published: December 2011

Summary
In order to build a common data pool and estimate the disease burden of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Europe, the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) has developed an internet-based database for clinical and research data on patients with PID. This database is a platform for epidemiological analyses as well as the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and the identification of novel disease-associated genes. Since its start in 2004, 13 708 patients from 41 countries have been documented in the ESID database. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) represents the most common entity with 2880 patients or 21% of all entries, followed by selective immunoglobulin A (sIgA) deficiency (1424 patients, 10·4%). The total documented prevalence of PID is highest in France, with five patients per 100 000 inhabitants. The highest documented prevalence for a single disease is 1·3 per 100 000 inhabitants for sIgA deficiency in Hungary. The highest reported incidence of PID per 100 000 live births was 16·2 for the period 1999–2002 in France. The highest reported incidence rate for a single disease was 6·7 for sIgA deficiency in Spain for the period 1999–2002. The genetic cause was known in 36·2% of all registered patients. Consanguinity was reported in 8·8%, and 18·5% of patients were reported to be familial cases; 27·9% of patients were diagnosed after the age of 16. We did not observe a significant decrease in the diagnostic delay for most diseases between 1987 and 2010. The most frequently reported long-term medication is immunoglobulin replacement.
Ocean warming alters species abundance patterns and increases species diversity in an African sub‐tropical reef‐fish community
Authors: LLOYD PENN , PLAGÁNYI ÉVA E. , WEEKS SCARLA J. , MAGNO‐CANTO MARITES , PLAGÁNYI GYULA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe impacts of ocean warming resulting from recent climate change on the abundance patterns of marine species have been well documented in temperate seas of the northern hemisphere, but the impacts of a widening tropical belt are largely unexplored. Using measurements of sea surface temperature and spear‐fishing records for 84 species spanning a 19‐yr period, we examined the effects of ocean warming on a sub‐tropical reef‐fish community on the southeastern coast of Africa. Corresponding with a 0.46°C increase in average sea surface temperature between the time periods 1989–97 and 2002–2007, the ratio of species showing an overall decrease/ no change/increase in abundance was 1 : 3 : 2 among six species at the northern limits of their distribution in the region (temperate species), 1 : 15 : 6 among 22 broadly distributed species, and 1 : 5 : 9 among 15 species at the southern limits of their distribution (tropical species). Also, the relative abundance of temperate species as a whole decreased by 10–13% whereas that of tropical species increased by 9%, and broadly distributed species showed little change. Average species richness and diversity increased 33 and 15% respectively between the two time periods. These results are broadly consistent with a predicted poleward shift in species ranges and a predicted increase in species richness and diversity with increasing sea temperature. Our findings confirm that large‐scale climate change causing a widening of the tropical belt and subsequent ocean warming is having a profound impact on marine species abundance patterns and community composition at a local scale in the sub‐tropics.
Testing an integral conceptual model of frailty
Authors: Gobbens Robbert J , van Assen Marcel A , Luijkx Katrien G , Schols Jos M 
Published: December 2011

Gobbens R.J., van Assen M.A., Luijkx K.G. & Schols J.M. (2012) Testing an integral conceptual model of frailty. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(9), 2047–2060.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to test three hypotheses derived from an integral conceptual model of frailty.Background.  The integral model of frailty describes the pathway from life‐course determinants to frailty to adverse outcomes. The model assumes that life‐course determinants and the three domains of frailty (physical, psychological, social) affect adverse outcomes, the effect of disease(s) on adverse outcomes is mediated by frailty, and the effect of frailty on adverse outcomes depends on the life‐course determinants.Methods.  In June 2008 a questionnaire was sent to a sample of community‐dwelling people, aged 75 years and older (n = 213). Life‐course determinants and frailty were assessed using the Tilburg Frailty Indicator. Adverse outcomes were measured using the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale, the WHOQOL‐BREF and questions regarding healthcare utilization. The effect of seven self‐reported chronic diseases was examined.Results.  Life‐course determinants, chronic disease(s), and frailty together explain a moderate to large part of the variance of the seven continuous adverse outcomes (26–57%). All these predictors together explained a significant part of each of the five dichotomous adverse outcomes. The effect of chronic disease(s) on all 12 adverse outcomes was mediated at least partly by frailty. The effect of frailty domains on adverse outcomes did not depend on life‐course determinants.Conclusion.  Our finding that the adverse outcomes are differently and uniquely affected by the three domains of frailty (physical, psychological, social), and life‐course determinants and disease(s), emphasizes the importance of an integral conceptual model of frailty.
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) respond to yellow‐bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) alarm calls
Authors: Carrasco Malle F. , Blumstein Daniel T. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIndividuals may obtain valuable information about the presence of predators by listening to heterospecific alarm signals. Most playback studies have demonstrated that similarly sized and taxonomically related species may respond to the calls of each other, but less work has been carried out to define these factors influence responsiveness to alarm signals. In theory, individuals should respond to calls from any species that provide information about the presence of important predators, regardless of body size or taxonomic relationship. However, size is often associated with vulnerability. Coyotes (Canis latrans) in the Rocky Mountains prey upon both mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and yellow‐bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris), which differ considerably in size, alarm vocalizations, and antipredator behavior. We conducted a playback experiment to see whether deer discriminated between marmot alarm calls and the non‐alarm song of a common sympatric bird. We found that deer increased vigilance significantly more after hearing broadcast marmot alarm calls compared with the bird song. Interestingly, deer that were studied within 0.5 km of homes showed significantly greater discrimination than those studied farther from humans. Our results suggest relative size differences do not prevent interspecific communication and that common predators should generally drive the evolution of the ability to learn to respond to meaningful risk cues. As long as two species share a predator, it should benefit the other to respond to its alarm calls.
Air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: KO FANNY W.S. , HUI DAVID S.C. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTLimited data suggest that outdoor air pollution (such as ambient air pollution or traffic‐related air pollution) and indoor air pollution (such as second‐hand smoking and biomass fuel combustion exposure) are associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but there is insufficient evidence to prove a causal relationship at this stage. It also appears that outdoor air pollution is a significant environmental trigger for acute exacerbation of COPD, leading to increasing symptoms, emergency department visits, hospital admissions and even mortality. Improving ambient air pollution and decreasing indoor biomass combustion exposure by improving home ventilation are effective measures that may substantially improve the health of the general public.
Barriers faced by migrants in accessing healthcare for viral hepatitis infection
Authors: Guirgis M. , Nusair F. , Bu Y. M. , Yan K. , Zekry A. T. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:  The morbidity and mortality of hepatitis B virus‐ and hepatitis C virus‐related complications are disproportionately higher in the culturally and linguistically diverse population (CALD) when compared with Australian‐born individuals.Aim:  This project aims to elucidate the barriers faced by the CALD population in accessing viral hepatitis management.Method:  CALD outpatients attending a viral hepatitis clinic in a tertiary teaching hospital were invited to participate in interviews. Questions pertained to: reason for screening for viral hepatitis, barriers to healthcare, perceived community view of viral hepatitis, main source of information of viral hepatitis and suggestions to engage members of CALD to seek healthcare.Results:  The total number of participants was 60. The two major countries of birth included China (40%) and Egypt (17%). In 40% of the cohort, viral hepatitis was identified through screening programmes. Importantly, 37% were diagnosed as a result of complications of hepatitis infection, presenting late in the stage of disease. Forty‐five per cent of participants perceived language to be a chief barrier. twenty‐two per cent reported cultural barriers to accessing healthcare. Of these, 53% reported fear of discrimination/stigma. The lack of knowledge of available treatments/options was stated as a major obstacle in 40%. The two prevailing recommendations were greater education and awareness (85%) and changes in the health system itself (11%).Conclusion:  Substantial hurdles identified by participants include cultural differences, language difficulties, cultural beliefs, stigma and misinformation. These data demonstrate the need for the greater dissemination of information in culturally and linguistically appropriate mediums to raise awareness about viral hepatitis, pathogenesis and available treatments.