bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Larvae and pupae of Dascillidae (Coleoptera): morphological study and discussion of their relationships to Scarabaeoidea and Eulichadidae
Authors: Scholtz Clarke , Grebennikov Vasily 
Published: March 2011

AbstractExternal morphology of late-instar larvae and pupae of the coleopteran family Dascillidae is revised. Larvae studied for Dascillus Latreille with two species from Europe and North America, Notodascillus Carter from Australia and Pleolobus Philippi from Chile; pupae studied for D. davidsoni LeConte. Larval diagnosis and description of the family are updated. Dascillid larvae exhibit little morphological variation and share eight apparently apomorphic characters. Widely accepted sister-group relationship between Dascillidae and Rhipiceridae is not supported with larval morphology because ectoparasitic larvae of Rhipiceridae are poorly known and apparently highly modified morphologically. The superfamily Scarabaeoidea is unlikely to be a close relative of Dascillidae since this hypothesis is based mainly on habitat-dependent convergences of soil-dwellers (grub-like body shape, reduced stemmata) or possible symplesiomorphic similarities. Ten similarities between larvae of Dascillidae and Eulichadidae (Dryopoidea) were found. Some of these are possibly synapomorphies of these two groups. Larval and pupal morphology of Dascillidae is illustrated by 26 drawings.
Ibotyporanga Mello-Leitão: tropical spiders in Brazilian semi-arid habitats (Araneae: Pholcidae)
Authors: Brescovit Antonio , Huber Bernhard 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThree new species of the previously monotypic ninetine genus Ibotyporanga Mello-Leitão, 1944 are described: I. emekori sp. n., I. diroa sp. n., and I. ramosae sp. n., all from the Brazilian state Bahia. All were collected in 'caatinga', a vegetation type that covers most of the area with semiarid climate in the northeastern region of Brazil. It is argued that two alternative explanations might account for the apparently almost universal restriction of ninetines to relatively inhospitable areas: they might be a relict group (possibly monophyletic), displaced from more favorable areas by more modern pholcids; or they might be a polyphyletic assemblage of lineages that independently evolved the ability to thrive in arid and semiarid areas by reducing their body size and appendage length to fit into spaces with tolerable microclimate. Preliminary cladistic analyses based on morphology alone have not been able to settle this question.
Setting the Molecular Phylogenetic Framework for the Dermaptera
Authors:   Cassis,   Beacham,   Colgan
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe insect group Dermaptera is traditionally divided into the Forficulina, comprising the majority of the species, the African rodent commensals, Hemimerina, and the Indo-Malayan bat commensals, Arixeniina. Numerous contrasting classifications and phylogenies exist for the Dermaptera, based on morphological, molecular and biogeographic data. We have collected varying number of sequences from fifteen Forficulina and six outgroups to establish a molecular hypothesis of the group's phylogeny. Despite repeated attempts, we were unable to obtain sequence data for Arixeniina and Hemimerina. We obtained partial sequences for four taxa for cytochrome oxidase 1 (with two additional taxa from GenBank), twelve for 16S rDNA, fifteen for 28S rDNA expansion region 1, seven for expansion region 9-10, and nine for 18S rDNA (plus seven sequences from GenBank). In combined analyses, the root of the Dermaptera lies between Anisolabididae and other families. This position is not directly supported by bootstrap analyses. Indirect evidence for the basal position of Anisolabididae, Pygidicranidae and Apachyidae is however found in the association of the four other studied groups (Labiduridae, Spongiphoridae, Chelisochidae and Forficulidae) in a derived clade with significant bootstrap support. The division of Forficulina into Catadermaptera and Eudermaptera is not supported as the former is paraphyletic in the present analyses. Eudermaptera is monophyletic with bootstrap support but is sister group to Labiduridae, a taxon usually assigned to the Catadermaptera.
Revision and cladistic analysis of the spider family Hersiliidae (Arachnida, Araneae) with emphasis on Neotropical and Nearctic species
Authors: Rheims Cristina Anne , Brescovit Antonio Domingos 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHersiliidae Thorell is a family of conspicuously long-legged spiders, characterized by extremely elongate posterior lateral spinnerets. To date, it includes 148 species distributed within seven genera, of which Tama Simon is the only one recorded in the Neotropical Region. Of the 23 known Tama species, 18 are exclusively Neotropical. In order to enhance the scientific knowledge on the family and its members this study presents a cladistic analysis and a taxonomic revision of the Neotropical and Nearctic hersilids. The cladistic analysis places the Neotropical and Neartic species in two separate clades, none of which are closely related to the genus Tama. Based on this result, Tama mexicana (O.P.-Cambridge) and T. forcipata (F.O.P.-Cambridge) are transferred to Neotama and three new genera are proposed to include the remaining species: Ypypuera n. gen. to include T. crucifera Vellard and T. vittata (Simon); Iviraiva n. gen. to include T. pachyura Mello-Leitão and T. argentina Mello-Leitão; and Yabisi n. gen to include T. habanensis Franganillo. Based on the taxonomic revision, eight synonymies are proposed: Tama crulsi Mello-Leitão, Tama micrura Mello-Leitão and T. occidentalis Schenkel with Ypypuera crucifera (Vellard); T. brasiliensis Piza and T. karinae Carcavallo with I. pachyura (Mello-Leitão); T. catamarcaensis Carcavallo and T. longipes Carcavallo with I. argentina (Mello-Leitão); and T. guianensis Mello-Leitão with Neotama mexicana (O.P.-Cambridge); three names are placed as nomina dubia: Tama americana (Simon), T. albigastra Mello-Leitão and T. sasaimae Mello-Leitão and four new species are described: Neotama cunhabebe, from São Paulo, Brazil, Neotama obatala, from Bahia, Brazil, Ypypuera esquisita, from Quevedo, Ecuador, and Yabisi guaba, from Pedernales, Dominican Republic. The family Hersiliidae, the genus Neotama and all three new genera, as well as all Neotropical and Nearctic species are redescribed and diagnosed and a identification key is presented.
Is the pronotal punctuation of Tingidae (Heteroptera) related to exaggerated traits?
Authors: Guilbert Eric 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe pronotum of most of the Tingidae (Insecta, Heteroptera) is punctate. Observed with scanning electron microscope, the punctuation is made of pits with or without marginal protuberances at the entry, and with or without an associated sensilla. The distribution of the pits, the shape and number of their protuberances vary according to the species. The evolution of the punctuation may be related to the evolution of the pronotal and hemelytral shapes. The function of this punctuation remains unknown. However, it could be glandular and involved in protection against predators by secreting pheromones, or in an excretion phenomenon by excreting exudate. It could be also sensitive receptors involved in communication within species.
A basal chalcidoid (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from the earliest Cretaceous or latest Jurassic of Mongolia
Authors: Quicke Donald , Basibuyuk Hasan , Rasnitsyn Alexandr 
Published: March 2011

AbstractKhutelchalcis gobiensis gen. et sp. n. (Khutelchalcididae fam. n.), based on a tiny impression fossil collected from the lowermost Cretaceous or uppermost Jurassic deposits of Khutel-Khara in East Mongolia, was studied using an environmental chamber scanning electron microscope. Character analysis suggests that the fossil belongs to a putative basal group of the Chalcidoidea. The greatly reduced wing venation, apparent presence of multiporous plate sensillae with long aperture on the flagellomeres, and a high antennal insertion all suggest that the new taxa is related to the Chalcidoidea. The angulation of fore wing vein Cu at the M+Cu fork is similar to that of Jurassic Jurapriidae, Cretaceous Serphitidae as well as various chalcidoids. This character might be a synapomorphy for Chalcidoidea + Serphitoidea (including Mymarommatidae) + Jurapriidae, which in turn are possibly a sister clade to Platygastroidea. The small size of this species is discussed in relation to conflicting scenarios concerning the plesiomorphic biology of the chalcidoid+proctotrupoid linage. Mymarommatidae and Serphitidae are combined in a single superfamily, Serphitoidea Brues, 1937 (= Mymarommatoidea Debauche, 1948, syn. nov.).
A molecular phylogeny and social behaviour of Japanese Ceratina (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Xylocopinae)
Authors: Cronin Adam 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPrimitively eusocial insect are often considered particularly useful for investigations into the processes underlying the origins of eusociality. Ceratinine bees have long been regarded as solitary, but sometimes exhibit oddly social traits for solitary species, while other species are known to be social, and social behaviour has been artificially induced in others still (Maeta & Sakagami 1995; Sakagami & Maeta 1995). Recent studies have had some success in elucidating aspects of the evolution of social behaviour in some groups using phylogenetics to infer historical changes in social behaviour (eg: Danforth 2002; Schwarz et al. 2003; Bull et al. 2003). Phylogenetic treatments of Ceratina have only recently been attempted in earnest (Terzo 2000) and behavioural data is lacking for many Ceratina species. Nonetheless, the Japanese fauna represents some of the most comprehensively studied Ceratina, and this study uses nucleotide data from mitochondrial COI and CytB and nuclear EF-1α regions to infer a phylogeny of Japanese Ceratina species. Data give good resolution for the subgeneric groups, and provide some support for the recent morphological phylogeny of Terzo (2000), but little resolution for higher relationships. Behavioural data suggest that sociality is variable within subgenera. The diversity and primitive nature of social behaviour in this group make it one of the most promising to provide insights into the process of social evolution, but more data are clearly needed.
A revision of Neotropical Eneopterinae crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopteridae) with a phylogenetic discussion
Authors: Robillard Tony , Desutter-Grandcolas Laure 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA revision of Eneopterinae crickets from the Neotropical region is achieved in a cladistic perspective using for the first time characters of male and female genitalia and male forewing venation. Each genus is redefined and its monophyly assessed with reference to all known Eneopterinae genera. 6 new species are described (Eneoptera gracilis, E. nigripedis, Ligypterus belmontensis, L. linharensis, L. pernambucensis and Ponca hebardi) and an identification key is proposed for both males and females. Phylogenetic relationships are discussed and distributions characterised.
Taxonomic revision of Thoracocyphus Emden (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Lanteri Analia , Río M. Guadalupe del 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThoracocyphus Emden is a genus of broad-nosed weevils (Entiminae: Naupactini) with only two species: T. denticollis Emden and T. hatschbachi Bondar. Both taxa are endemic to Brazil and range in the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais and Paraná. Based on morphological characters of the antennae, eyes, mouth-parts, corbel plates and spermatheca, Thoracocyphus is closely related to Briarius [Fischer de Waldheim] (syn. of Lamprocyphus Marshall). The strong denticles located on the inner face of the three pairs of tibiae, and the presence of tubercles on the sides of the pronotum and humeri indicates that Thoracocyphus is more closely related to Teratopactus Heller. This contribution includes redescriptions of the genus and its species, a dichotomous key, habitus photographs and illustrations of the diagnostic characters of the external morphology, mouth-parts and genitalia.
A procedure for combined genitalia dissection and DNA extraction in Lepidoptera
Authors: Knölke Sonja , Segerer Andreas , Miller Michael , Hausmann Axel , Erlacher Sven 
Published: March 2011

AbstractExtraction of DNA from Lepidoptera is a destructive procedure and curators are often reluctant to provide museum specimens for molecular investigations. On the other hand, dissection of abdomens and genitalia is a standard procedure for description and identification of species and generally accepted even for type material. We present a method that combines the investigation of morphological traits in genitalia with the analysis of DNA sequence information by modifying the dissection protocol. Maceration of abdomens in potassium hydroxide is replaced by enzymatic digestion of soft tissue followed by DNA extraction. DNA extracted from abdomens is suitable for sequencing, as shown for the mitochondrial COI gene appropriate for species identification. Enzymatically treated abdomens proved to be sufficient for preservation of morphological traits. Recommendations are given for appropriate treatment of collected specimens and for routine use of enzymatic digestion.
Phylogeny and classification of the tribe Calopterini (Coleoptera, Lycidae)
Authors: Bocakova Milada 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe phylogeny of lycid tribe Calopterini is examined in the light of adult morphological evidence. Representatives from each of the Calopterini genus - group taxa and genera Dictyoptera, Lygistopterus, Conderis, Plateros, and Lycus are examined. An investigation of Calopterini phylogeny is presented here, based on 33 characters and 24 supraspecific terminal taxa, representing genera whose monophyly was implicitly assumed. Four cladistic analyses were performed with equal and successive weights and multistate characters treated as additive and non-additive, respectively. The preferred hypothesis, a strict consensus tree generated using successive weighting and unordered characters yields the scheme of relationships (Eurrhacina + (Calopterina + (Cyrtopteron + Mesopteron + Falsocaenia + Acroleptina))). On the basis of these results, two new subtribes Eurrhacina and Acroleptina are proposed.
Revision of the South American genus Parorphula (Orthoptera: Acrididae; Hyalopterygini) with the description of a new genus
Authors: Donato Mariano 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this study Parorphula is re-described based on characters from the external morphology and genitalia. This genus comprised two species: P. pallidinota and P. latipennis, that were described based mostly on characters from external morphology. The morphological analysis conducted in this study plus the support of results from a cladistic analysis showed that external morphological characters justify the creation of a new genus for P. latipennis. Therefore, the genus Neorphula is proposed and the new combination is established.
Biochemical Systematics, Biogeography and Evolutionary Rates in Species of the Mediterranean Genus Tyrrhenoleuctra (Plecoptera, Leuctridae)
Authors:   Oliverio,   Ketmaier,   Sezzi, de Figueroa J. M. Tierno ,   Fochetti
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe western Mediterranean stonefly genus Tyrrhenoleuctra traditionally includes 3 species: T. minuta (Spain, North Africa, Balearic Islands), T. tangerina (Spain, North Africa), T. zavattarii (Corsica and Sardinia). Since the traditional morphological characters display great and overlapping variation, allozyme electrophoresis was used to clarify taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships within the genus and to discuss biogeographical implications. The results clearly discriminate at least four entities: the Corso-Sardinian unit, for which the name T. zavattarii can be used; the Balearic population, representing an undescribed species; at least two Iberian peninsular species. However, more data on topotypic populations are needed to define the taxonomic status of the Iberian species (including definition of the currently used names T. minuta and T. tangerina). The presence of Tyrrhenoleuctra in Sardinia and Corsica is likely due to an old vicariance event following separation of the Sardinia-Corsica microplate from the Iberian Peninsula. Calibration of the molecular clock (genetic distances vs. Corso-Sardinian plate split from Iberia) resulted in a very low evolutionary rate (0.008 D/my), lower than those found in taxonomically distant groups (including stoneflies) with similar distribution.
A re-evaluation of the genus Colonomyia Colless (Diptera, Sciaroidea), with the description of two new species
Authors: Jaschhof Mathias , Hippa Heikki 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe genus Colonomyia Colless contains six species in the Australasian and Neotropical Regions. Several recognized synapomorphies leave no doubt that Colonomyia is a monophyletic group, with the Australasian species more closely related to one another than to the Neotropical species. On arguments derived from the wing venation, Colonomyia is hypothesized to be the sister-group of the genus Ohakunea Edwards, both together representing a lineage distinct from the family-level taxa currently recognized in the Sciaroidea. Colonomyia borea sp. n. from Costa Rica and C. rakelae sp. n. from Papua New Guinea are described. Recognition of these new species extends the distribution of the genus Colonomyia into the tropical zone and the northern hemisphere.
Revision of the Timasius chinai species group (Insecta: Heteroptera: Hebridae), with descriptions of ten new species
Authors: Zettel Herbert 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Timasius chinai species group is redefined and taxonomically revised. Twelve species are distributed on the Asian mainland from northeastern India to southeastern China and to the Malay Peninsula, on Tioman Island, and on Java. The two earlier described species, T. chinai (Lundblad, 1933) (from Indonesia: Java) and T. miyamotoi Andersen, 1981 (from Thailand and China; first record from Laos), are redescribed. Ten new species are described: Timasius anderseni sp.n. (from Vietnam), T. gracilis sp.n. (from China: Hong Kong), T. indicus sp.n. (from India: Meghalaya), T. laoticus sp.n. (from Laos), T. malayensis sp.n. (from West Malaysia), T. montanus sp.n. (from northern Thailand), T. schuhi sp.n. (from West Malaysia: Tioman Island), T. schwendingeri sp.n. (from northeastern Thailand), T. yangae sp.n. (from West Malaysia: Tioman Island and Selangor), and T. yunnanensis sp.n. (from China: Yunnan). Keys to the species are provided based on external characteristics and on the genitalia of the males.
The genus Dichopygina gen. n. (Diptera: Sciaridae)
Authors: Vilkamaa Pekka , Hippa Heikki , Komarova Lyudmila 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Northern Hemispheric sciarid species placed in the nigrohalteralis group of Corynoptera Winnertz are a monophyletic unit, which is described as a new genus Dichopygina gen. n. (type-species Bradysia (Chaetosciara) triseriata var nigrohalteralis Frey). The genus is Holarctic in distribution and includes the following species which are keyed and described: Dichopygina aculeata sp. n. (Holarctic), D. bernhardi sp. n. (Palaearctic), D. duplicis sp. n. (Nearctic), D. intermedia (Mohrig & Krivosheina) (Palaearctic), D. nigrohalteralis (Frey) (Holarctic), D. ramosa sp. n. (Palaearctic) and D. stricta sp. n. (Nearctic). Our previously published cladistic analysis suggests that the species now included in Dichopygina gen. n. are sister taxa to a large clade including the current Lycoriella Frey and elements of Corynoptera and Bradysia Winnertz. Corynoptera acanthostyla Tuomikoski and the New Zealand species referred to the Corynoptera nigrohalteralis group are excluded.
Three new species of Stibeutes and Gnotus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from holm-oak and cork-oak Mediterranean forests
Authors: Hernández-Rodríguez Estefanía , Bordera Santiago 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe new species Stibeutes hirsutus, S. calderonae and Gnotus klausi from Spanish holm-oak and cork-oak woods are described and illustrated. Data on their habitat and the phenology of S. hirsutus are reported. The species S. breviareolatus collected in a cork-oak forest is recorded for the first time for Spain. New keys for the Gnotus tenuipes species group and for the Spanish species of Stibeutes are provided.
Taxonomy, distribution and first eco-ethological data of Melampsalta varipes (Waltl, 1837), an unrecognized cicada (Hemiptera, Cicadidae)
Authors: Puissant Stephane 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe west Palaearctic cicada Melampsalta varipes (Waltl, 1837) has been studied for the first time in Spain. After a summary of its taxonomy and the designation of a neotype, its distribution and habitat in Spain and Portugal are given. M. varipes can be considered as a typical Mediterranean cicada essentially found in open fields, i.e. with low percentage of ligneous plants. The increase of tourism activities and the abrupt agricultural practice modification probably modify its habitat endangering the populations. Males call either when static on a perch or in flight. The song is attractive to both sexes, one singing male stimulating a chorus from surrounding males. The calling song consists of monotonous trains of short echeme and long echeme. Each echeme is composed of two parts: a successive short train of pulses and a sustained train of pulses. The structure of the signal varied among individuals in both temporal and frequency parameters suggesting individual acoustic markers. The duration of the inter-echeme silence may act as a simple specific recognition process. The frequency pattern show two groups of frequencies which could guide the female over long distances to males and then help them to localize males at close range.
Phylogenetic relationships and character evolution among selected species of Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) based on multiple mitochondrial genes
Authors: Smith Paul , Armstrong Karen , Kambhampati Srinivas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSeveral species within the fruit fly genus Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) are serious pests of cultivated fruit. The number of species within the genus and the relationships among them are not well understood. Therefore, we inferred phylogenetic relationships among thirty-nine Bactrocera species from 1819 base pairs of portions of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA, NADH 1 dehydrogenase, and cytochrome oxidase II + tRNA-Lys + tRNA-Asp genes. Maximum parsimony analysis suggested the following relationships: (1) Bactrocera is monophyletic, (2) B. (Zeugodacus) is polyphyletic, (3) B. (Daculus) is a sister group to B. (Bactrocera), (4) B. (Bactrocera) is monophyletic, and (5) the B. (B.) dorsalis complex is polyphyletic. Character evolution, biogeography, and male-lure response were evaluated in a phylogenetic context by mapping selected character states onto the parsimony tree. Our mapping analysis suggested that in most cases the morphological characters exhibit a simple evolutionary transition from one character state another. Within the subgenus B. (Bactrocera) four distinct clades were identified which correlated with geographic distribution. Male-lure response was identified as being a labile behavior that has been lost on multiple occasions. Cue-lure response was plesiomorphic to methyl-eugenol response and the latter has evolved independently within the Bactrocera and Zeugodacus groups. The implications of our results toward a coherent, consolidated classification for Bactrocera are discussed.