bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic spatial zoning to manage southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) capture in a multi‐species longline fishery
Authors: HOBDAY ALISTAIR J. , HARTOG JASON R. , TIMMISS TRENT , FIELDING JOSH 
Published: May 2010

AbstractReduction of bycatch through spatial management is one possible approach in fisheries management. One requirement is description of the habitat of the species in question, and this is now possible for a range of species using data collected from electronic tags. Here we report on a spatial management approach used to limit unwanted capture of southern bluefin tuna (SBT, Thunnus maccoyii) in the eastern Australia longline fishery. The approach combines a habitat model conditioned with temperature preference data from 56 pop‐up satellite archival tags deployed on SBT, and an ocean model to produce near real‐time habitat predictions utilized by fishery managers during the fishing season. Three habitat types based on probability of SBT occurrence are identified in the fishing region, and spatial zoning by managers is used to regulate fisher access to these zones. This management approach has been used since 2003, and despite dynamic spatial management often being resisted by fishers or managers because of perceived implementation complexity, there has been an increase in complexity of the management actions over the 6‐yr period. Managers now request more habitat predictions each season, update the spatial zoning more frequently, and apply more complicated management lines dividing the habitat types. This has resulted in an improved fit to the modeled habitat predictions, and as catch per unit effort (CPUE) of SBT is related to the habitat type, has contributed to the overall success of the management approach. This implemented management approach illustrates that managers and fishers can successfully implement complex dynamic spatial zoning.
Plasma BDNF and tPA are associated with late‐onset geriatric depression
Authors: Shi Yanyan , You Jiayong , Yuan Yonggui , Zhang Xiangrong , Li Hailin , Hou Gang 
Published: May 2010

Aims:  Studies in the recent decade have shown that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA) has been implicated in the control of the direction of BDNF action. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate the changes of BDNF/tPA levels and their clinical meanings in geriatric depression.Methods:  Plasma BDNF and tPA levels were measured in late‐onset geriatric depression (LGD) before treatment (n = 24) and after 6 weeks of antidepressant treatment (n = 24) compared with control subjects (n = 30) using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The severity of depression was assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.Results:  Baseline plasma BDNF and tPA levels were significantly lower in LGD patients compared to controls (P = 0.037 and P = 0.000, respectively). There was a heightening tendency of plasma BDNF level after treatment.Conclusions:  Plasma BDNF and tPA levels are associated with LGD. The complex mechanism of BDNF and tPA in LGD should be further explored in future studies.
Posterior orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern associated with orbitofrontal cortex volume reduction and anxiety trait in panic disorder
Authors: Roppongi Tomohide , Nakamura Motoaki , Asami Takeshi , Hayano Fumi , Otsuka Tatsui , Uehara Kumi , Fujiwara Akiko , Saeki Takashi , Hayasaka Shunsuke , Yoshida Takeshi , Shimizu Reina , Inoue Tomio , Hirayasu Yoshio 
Published: May 2010

Aims:  The posterior region of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which forms its sulcogyral pattern during neurodevelopment, receives multisensory inputs. The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between posterior OFC sulcogyral pattern and OFC volume difference in patients with panic disorder.Methods:  The anatomical pattern of the posterior orbital sulcus (POS) was classified into three subtypes (absent POS, single POS, double POS) using 3‐D high‐spatial resolution magnetic resonance images obtained from 28 patients with panic disorder and 28 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls. Optimized voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) was performed to assess OFC volume differences between the two groups by subtype. Categorical regression analysis was applied to examine the association of POS subtypes with State–Trait Anxiety Inventory and Revised Neuroticism‐Extraversion‐Openness Personality Inventory scores.Results:  No significant difference was found in POS subtype distribution between control subjects and patients with panic disorder. VBM, however, indicated volume reduction in the right posterior–medial OFC region in panic disorder patients with absent POS and single POS. Single POS was positively associated with Trait‐Anxiety (β = 0.446, F = 6.409, P = 0.020), and absent POS was negatively associated with Trait‐Anxiety (β = −0.394, F = 5.341, P = 0.032) and Neuroticism trait (β = −0.492, F = 6.989, P = 0.017).Conclusions:  POS subtypes may be relevant to volume reduction in OFC and the anxiety trait in patients with panic disorder. These findings suggest that volume reduction in OFC in panic disorder may be associated with neurodevelopment.
Duration of untreated illness and antidepressant fluvoxamine response in major depressive disorder
Authors: Okuda Akiko , Suzuki Tatsuyo , Kishi Taro , Yamanouchi Yoshio , Umeda Kazunori , Haitoh Hiroshi , Hashimoto Shuji , Ozaki Norio , Iwata Nakao 
Published: May 2010

Aims:  The aim of this study was to analyze the relation between treatment response and the duration of untreated illness (DUI) in 133 outpatients with the first major depressive disorder (MDD) episode.Methods:  A logistic regression was performed with DUI, sex, age at onset, and score for 17 items on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale at the time of start of fluvoxamine treatment as the explanatory variables, and the response and the remission as the outcome variables.Results:  Regression analysis showed significant association between the response and DUI (P < 0.0001), and between the remission and DUI (P < 0.0001), respectively. The remission rate gradually decreased with longer DUI.Conclusion:  Early treatment of first depressive episodes is important because a shorter DUI implied better remission outcomes.
Long‐term efficacy of Encarsia dispersa Polaszek (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) for the biological control of Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in tropical monsoon Australia
Authors: Lambkin Trevor A , Zalucki Myron P 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIntroductions of Encarsia dispersa Polaszek (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) for the biological control of spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), were made directly onto Thursday Island, Torres Strait Queensland, in May 1994. Its efficacy was monitored intermittently for 7 years on 10 Acalypha wilkesiana Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) and two Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae) plants. Marked declines in whitefly densities were recorded on all hosts approximately 10 months after parasitoid releases. Declines in whitefly densities over the first 2 years were mostly matched with increases in per cent parasitism; these declines generally coinciding with wet seasons, with small resurgences occurring over the first dry season following the first decline. Whitefly densities and per cent leaves infested on T. catappa, and on A. wilkesiana with flat leaves were low by the latter half of the study. In contrast, A. wilkesiana with convoluted leaves seemed to inhibit the parasitoid by providing physical refuges for whitefly nymphs, resulting in higher whitefly numbers with low parasitism, particularly in dry conditions. Ten to 12 years after these initial declines, whitefly densities have remained low. Adults and larvae of Cryptolaemus affinis Crotch (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and larvae of Acletoxenus quadristriatus Duda (Diptera: Drosophilidae) were observed preying on whitefly nymphs during the study. Overall, sampling data suggested that A. dispersus was under biological control. It may be prudent to maintain A. wilkesiana with convoluted leaves (acting as host refuges) on the Torres Strait islands to retain parasitoid persistence, thereby maintaining controlled and stable populations of A. dispersus. In addition, because of the pest's wide host range and the ability for hosts with closed leaf structures, such as A. wilkesiana with convoluted leaves, to harbour higher pest numbers, movements of these plants within or out of tropical areas could pose a significant quarantine risk.
Acute and long‐term effects of selective insecticides onMicromus tasmaniaeWalker (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae),Coccinella transversalisF. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) andNabis kinbergiiReuter (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Cole Peter G , Cutler Anna R , Kobelt Amanda J , Horne Paul A 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe impacts of six selective insecticides on three predatory insect species, Tasman's lacewing (Micromus tasmaniae), the transverse ladybird (Coccinella transversalis) and the damsel bug (Nabis kinbergii), were tested by acute and long‐term bioassay. Acute bioassays measured mortality 72 h after exposure to wet sprays and dry residues, and long‐term bioassays measured mortality and sublethal effects over a generation. The acute bioassays were not consistently reliable indicators of the harmfulness of insecticides that did not induce high short‐term mortality. Pymetrozine caused very low mortality (≤20%) to the larvae ofC. transversalisin acute tests, but the long‐term test showed that 97.6% of individuals were killed before maturity. Similarly, pirimicarb adversely affected reproduction ofC. transversaliseven though there was only a minor effect on short‐term mortality. Imidacloprid caused low mortality (≤20%) ofM. tasmaniaein acute tests, but reproductive capacity was reduced by about two‐thirds in long‐term tests. Therefore, in some cases, acute bioassays were poor indicators of overall effects of insecticides on populations. Our results support previous studies by other authors that long‐term mortality and sublethal effects of selective insecticides on predatory species need to be determined to facilitate their effective use alongside biological control in integrated pest management programs.
A genetic perspective on insect climate specialists
Authors: Hoffmann Ary A 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMany insects are climate specialists – restricted to a narrow range of latitudes, humidity conditions and/or altitudes. Yet there are also numerous climate generalists, whose distribution might span from the tropics to temperate areas. Comparisons of related insect species normally indicate that the resistance of species to climatic extremes and reproductive output under different climatic conditions match expectations based on their distributions. Yet these patterns do not ultimately explain why climate specialists and generalists have evolved over time. Three evolutionary hypotheses that are invoked to explain climate specialisation are (1) constraints arising from antagonistic pleiotropy (costs); (2) DNA decay due to mutational processes; and (3) the difficulty of adapting due to the requirement of multidimensional changes or because of gene flow. Here I outline these hypotheses, and consider predictions and supporting evidence from several sources including polymorphism studies, quantitative genetic studies, species comparisons and genomic comparisons. All three explanations are likely to contribute to climate specialisation and the DNA decay/multidimensional adaptation hypotheses deserve more consideration.
Potential to reduce the spatial density of attract and kill traps required for effective control of Carpophilus spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in stone fruit in Australia
Authors: Hossain Mofakhar S , Hossain Mamun A B M , Williams David G , Chandra Subhash 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAttract and kill (A&K) is an effective control technique for Carpophilus spp. attacking stone fruit but high cost has limited its adoption by growers. Field experiments during two successive growing seasons evaluated the potential to reduce the spatial density of A&K traps from three traps per ha (3 A&K) to two traps per ha (2 A&K), against medium to low beetle populations. Fruit damage in 2 A&K and 3 A&K treated blocks was significantly lower than in pesticide‐treated control blocks. However there were no significant differences in blocks treated with either 2 A&K or 3 A&K traps in either season. The results suggest that the number of traps per ha can be reduced without reducing the efficacy of the A&K treatment where Carpophilus population levels are medium to low.
Differential antimicrobial activity in response to the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps in six Australian bee species
Authors: Stow Adam , Turnbull Christine , Gillings Michael , Smith Shannon , Holley Marita , Silberbauer Letitia , Wilson Peter D , Briscoe David , Beattie Andrew 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMicrobial pathogens were important in the evolution of insect societies and remain a major cause of colony death. The differential effects are reported of antimicrobial compounds extracted from six species of Australian native bees on the spores and hyphae of the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps bassiana. The bee species were: Amegilla bombiformis, A. asserta, Exoneura robusta, E. nigrescens, Exoneurella tridentata and Trigona carbonaria. The fungus was isolated from E. robusta and it was this species that showed the greatest activity against both Cordyceps spore germination and hyphal growth. One explanation is that anti‐Cordyceps activity may have been under greatest selection in this bee species, but its congener, E. nigrescens, showed only slightly weaker activity against the pathogen. In contrast, A. bombiformis, A. asserta, E. tridentata and T. carbonaria showed considerable variation in anti‐Cordyceps activity. Nevertheless, there was a trend of greater activity against Cordyceps spore germination than hyphal growth. On the basis of this result, a mechanism whereby fungal pathogens may have been important drivers of social evolution is suggested.
Eye movements during fixation as velocity noise in minimum motion detection
Authors: MURAKAMI IKUYA 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe functional roles and perceptual consequences of fixational eye movements are argued. The retinal image motions due to these eye movements are viewed as normally unnoticed velocity noise that limits performance of minimum motion detection without reference. When the motion detection threshold and the variability of eye velocity during fixation were measured for a group of normal adult observers, an interobserver correlation was established between psychophysical and oculomotor data. In particular, when both eyes were open, the threshold of unreferenced motion was positively correlated with the fixation instability of the eye, making larger drifts. Preliminary data also suggested the possibility that the fixation instability of this eye still dominates the detection threshold if this eye was occluded during the task. Possible schemes of living with such velocity noise as originating from fixation instability are discussed.
Influence of experience of treadmill exercise on visual perception while on a treadmill
Authors: YABE YOSHIKO , TAGA GENTARO 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA firm linkage exists between a motor command and its expected feedback. When we are exposed to a conflict between expected and actual feedback in a new context, we form a new linkage between action and perception, which may be further strengthened by prolonged experience. In this paper, we attempt to identify whether the linkage between treadmill locomotion and visual processing in relation to optic flow is strengthened in experienced users of treadmills. Yabe and Taga (2008) showed that ambiguous apparent motions are perceived to be moving downward more frequently when the stimuli are shown in front of the observers' feet on a treadmill when walking compared with when standing. Here, their experimental data was reanalyzed in relation to the experience of using the treadmill. The result revealed that habitual treadmill exercise reduced the difference in perceived direction of visual motion between the walking and standing conditions. It should be noted that the treadmill users showed perceptual “downward” bias for both the standing and walking conditions. The results suggest that treadmill users tend to activate the habitual linkage between treadmill locomotion and perception of optic ground flow even when they are just standing on a treadmill.
Prediction of sensorimotor feedback from the efference copy of motor commands: A review of behavioral and functional neuroimaging studies
Authors: IMAMIZU HIROSHI 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHumans can rapidly and smoothly control their own bodies and external objects, such as tools. Because sensorimotor feedback on movements is inevitably delayed by many factors, including a delay for transmission of motor commands from the brain to muscles and time for processing of sensory information, many studies have suggested the existence of mechanisms in the brain that can predict the precise motor commands necessary for realizing the intended motions and the sensorimotor feedback from the motor commands before movement. This article focuses on mechanisms for the prediction of feedback and summarizes how the predicted feedback can contribute to rapid, efficient and flexible control of movements and processing of sensory information. Possible neural correlates for the prediction mechanisms and their contribution to higher‐order cognitive functions are discussed.
Oral Glucose Solution as Pain Relief in Newborns: Results of a Clinical Trial
Authors: Dilen Ben , Elseviers Monique 
Published: May 2010

Abstract:  Background:  It was long believed that newborns could not experience pain. As it is now documented that newborns have all the necessary systems to perceive pain, pain management can no longer be ignored. The objective of this study is to investigate which concentration of glucose is most effective in reducing pain for venipuncture in the newborn. Methods:  This double‐blind clinical trial of 304 newborns was conducted on a maternity and neonatal ward (neonatal medium intensive care unit). During at least 1 month, one of the four selected solutions (10, 20, 30% glucose, and placebo) was administered orally, 2 minutes before the venipuncture was performed. The pain from the skin puncture was scored using a validated pain scale (the “Leuven Pain Scale”). Results:  This study showed a significantly lower average pain score in the 30 percent glucose group (3.99) when compared with the placebo group (8.43). The average pain scores in the 20 percent glucose group (5.26) and the 10 percent glucose group (5.92) were also significantly lower than those in the placebo group. Conclusion:  Oral administration of 2 mL of 30 percent glucose 2 minutes before the venipuncture provides the most effective pain reduction in newborns. (BIRTH 37:2 June 2010)
Institutional Processes and Individual Responses: Women’s Experiences of Care in Relation to Cesarean Birth
Authors: Redshaw Maggie , Hockley Christine 
Published: May 2010

Abstract:  Background:  Cesarean section is an increasingly common mode of birth, and although clinical care has improved and the risks reduced, less attention has been paid to the effect of the procedure and the care received. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding by investigating individual women’s recent experiences and reflections on their care. Methods:  Views of women who had recently undergone cesarean birth were obtained in a study in which a random sample of women was selected by means of birth registrations in England and invited to complete a questionnaire 3 months after the birth. Text responses to open‐ended questions about care during labor and birth, the postnatal period in hospital, and anything else women wished to say about their maternity care were analyzed using qualitative methods. Results:  A response rate of 63 percent was achieved; 23 percent of women (n = 682) had a cesarean section birth, 53 percent of which were because of unforeseen problems in labor. A total of 66 percent of women who had a cesarean section responded to one or more open questions. Anticipated themes that were confirmed related to expectations, uncertainty, emotional reactions, pain and discomfort, explanations, support, and adjustment. Emerging themes included “being heard,”“how it might have been different,”“wasted effort,”“just another mother,”“wounds and hurt feelings,” and “needing to talk.”Conclusions:  Women responded as individuals and despite different clinical circumstances, the role of the staff and the institutions in which care was provided were key factors in the way most women constructed their cesarean section experience. The themes described present a powerful argument and reminder about why health professionals working in maternity care need to continue to listen to women. (BIRTH 37:2 June 2010)
An Exact Solution for Classic Coupled Thermoelasticity in Spherical Coordinates
Authors: Jabbari M. , Dehbani H. , Eslami M. R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
In this paper, the classic coupled thermoelasticity model of hollow and solid spheres under radial-symmetric loading condition (r,t) is considered. A full analytical method is used and an exact unique solution of the classic coupled equations is presented. The thermal and mechanical boundary conditions, the body force, and the heat source are considered in the most general forms, where no limiting assumption is used. This generality allows to simulate a variety of applicable problems.
Autotaxin Promotes Cancer Invasion via the Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 4: Participation of the Cyclic AMP/EPAC/Rac1 Signaling Pathway in Invadopodia Formation
Authors: Harper Kelly , Arsenault Dominique , Boulay-Jean Stephanie , Lauzier Annie , Lucien Fabrice , Dubois Claire M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The ability of cancer cells to invade and metastasize is the major cause of death in cancer patients. Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted lysophospholipase whose level of expression within tumors correlates strongly with their aggressiveness and invasiveness. ATX is the major enzyme involved in the production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a phospholipid that is known to act mostly through its three first characterized receptors (LPA1, LPA2, and LPA3). Tumor cell invasion across tissue boundaries and metastasis are dependent on the capacity of invasive cancer cells to breach the basement membrane. This process can be initiated by the formation of the actin-rich cell protrusions, invadopodia. In this study, we show that ATX is implicated in the formation of invadopodia in various cancer cells types and this effect is dependent on the production of LPA. We further provide evidence that LPA4 signaling in fibrosarcoma cells regulates invadopodia formation downstream of ATX, a process mediated through the activation of EPAC by cyclic AMP and subsequent Rac1 activation. Results using LPA4 shRNA support the requirement of the LPA4 receptor for cell invasion and in vivo metastasis formation. This work presents evidence that blocking the LPA receptor, LPA4, in fibrosarcoma cells could provide an additional tool to improve the efficacy of treatment of metastasis in patients. Because LPA receptors and ATX are currently being targeted in preclinical trials, the current findings should stimulate future studies to evaluate the expression pattern and clinical outcome of LPA4, together with other LPA receptors, in various cancer patients. Cancer Res; 70(11); 4634–43. ©2010 AACR.