bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the antimicrobial efficacy of ceftriaxone regimens: 1 g twice daily versus 2 g once daily in a murine model of Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia
Authors: Kato Hideo , Hagihara Mao , Hiramatsu Shun-Ichi , Suematsu Hiroyuki , Nishiyama Naoya , Asai Nobuhiro , Mikamo Hiroshige , Yamamoto Kazuko , Iwamoto Takuya 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Ceftriaxone is administered in regimens of either 2 g once-daily or 1 g twice-daily for the treatment of pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Previous clinical study suggests the 2 g once-daily regimen is more effective, but comparison of antimicrobial efficacy between are lacking.

Objectives
To assess the antimicrobial efficacy of these two ceftriaxone regimens against S. pneumoniae using a murine model of pneumonia.

Methods
The study employed three S. pneumoniae isolates with ceftriaxone MICs of 1, 2 and 4 mg/L and two human-simulated regimens based on the blood concentration of ceftriaxone (1 g twice-daily and 2 g once-daily). Antimicrobial activity was quantified based on the change in bacterial counts (Δlog10 cfu/lungs) observed in treated mice after 24 h, relative to the control mice at 0 h.

Results
The human-simulated 2 g once-daily regimen of ceftriaxone exhibited significantly higher antimicrobial activity against S. pneumoniae isolates with MICs of 1 and 2 mg/L compared with the 1 g twice-daily regimen (1 mg/L, −5.14 ± 0.19 Δlog10 cfu/lungs versus −3.47 ± 0.17 Δlog10 cfu/lungs, P &lt; 0.001; 2 mg/L, −3.41 ± 0.31 Δ log10 cfu/lungs versus −2.71 ± 0.37 Δlog10 cfu/lungs, P = 0.027). No significant difference in antimicrobial activity was observed against the S. pneumoniae isolate with a MIC of 4 mg/L between the two regimens (−0.33 ± 0.18 Δlog10 cfu/lungs versus −0.42 ± 0.37 Δlog10 cfu/lungs, P = 0.684).

Conclusion
2 g once-daily regimen of ceftriaxone is more effective for treating pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae, with MICs of ≤2 mg/L.
Coprococcus protects against high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
Authors: Lu Kaikai , Zhou Yimeng , He Lei , Li Ya , Shahzad Muhammad , Li Dongmin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing annually, leading to substantial medical and health burdens. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential effectiveness of intestinal probiotics as a treatment strategy for NAFLD. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify a probiotic for the treatment of NAFLD.

Methods and results
In this study, blood and fecal samples were collected from 41 healthy volunteers and 44 patients diagnosed with NAFLD. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequencing data and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed a significant reduction in the abundance of Coprococcus in NAFLD patients. Subsequent animal experiments demonstrated that Coprococcus was able to effectively reverse liver lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice.

Conclusions
This study provides the first in vivo evidence that Coprococcus is a beneficial bacterium capable of preventing NAFLD and has the same probiotic effect in mice as Lactobacillus GG (LGG), a positive control. Therefore, Coprococcus has the potential to serve as a probiotic for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in humans.
Effect of environmental factors on conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in aquatic settings
Authors: Dadeh Amirfard Katayoun , Moriyama Momoko , Suzuki Satoru , Sano Daisuke 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARGs) are spread among bacteria by horizontal gene transfer, however, the effect of environmental factors on the dynamics of the ARG in water environments has not been very well understood. In this systematic review, we employed the regression tree algorithm to identify the environmental factors that facilitate/inhibit the transfer of ARGs via conjugation in planktonic/biofilm-formed bacterial cells based on the results of past relevant research. Escherichia coli strains were the most studied genus for conjugation experiments as donor/recipient in the intra-genera category. Conversely, Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., and Salmonella spp. were studied primarily as recipients across inter-genera bacteria. The conjugation efficiency (ce) was found to be highly dependent on the incubation period. Some antibiotics, such as nitrofurantoin (at ≥0.2 µg ml−1) and kanamycin (at ≥9.5 mg l−1) as well as metallic compounds like mercury (II) chloride (HgCl2, ≥3 µmol l−1), and vanadium (III) chloride (VCl3, ≥50 µmol l−1) had enhancing effect on conjugation. The highest ce value (−0.90 log10) was achieved at 15°C–19°C, with linoleic acid concentrations &lt;8 mg l−1, a recognized conjugation inhibitor. Identifying critical environmental factors affecting ARG dissemination in aquatic environments will accelerate strategies to control their proliferation and combat antibiotic resistance.
Addressing Whiteness in communication scholar composition and collaboration across seven decades of ICA journals (1951–2022)
Authors: Hatfield Haley R , Hao Hongtao , Klein Matthew , Zhang Jing , Fu Yijie , Kim Jaemin , Lee Jongmin , Ahn Sun Joo (Grace) 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The persisting legacies of colonialism have called for scholars to be more active in their efforts to dismantle and decenter the normative foundations of Whiteness in scholarly practices. This article examines the intersectional structures of authorship and collaboration patterns among scholarly teams within five flagship Communication journals. We used a bibliometric analysis to examine the race, gender, institution, and institution type of 11,292 authors from five International Communication Association journals between 1951 and 2022. We found that the dominating representation of white, male, and U.S.-based scholars is decreasing, but stark disparities within the composition of and collaborations among Communication scholars still remain. We offer insights into how these patterns reproduce structural inequities and propose future directions for scholars to support and participate in the ongoing work to dismantle and decenter Whiteness in academia. All data, code, and analyses are available at https://osf.io/8bszj/.
Rapid discrimination methods for clinical and environmental strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii biovar sobria using the N-terminal sequence of the flaA gene and investigation of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Miyagi Kazufumi , Shimoji Noriaki 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Although the genus Aeromonas inhabits the natural environment, it has also been isolated from hospital patient specimens as a causative agent of Aeromonas infections. However, it is not known whether clinical strains live in the natural environment, and if these strains have acquired antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we performed the typing of flagellin A gene (flaA) of clinical and environmental strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii biovar sobria using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay with newly designed primers. Detection rates of the clinical and environmental flaA types of A. hydrophila were 66.7% and 88.2%, and the corresponding rates for A. veronii biovar sobria were 66.7% and 90.9%. The PCR assays could significantly discriminate between clinical and environmental strains of both species in approximately 4 h. Also, among the 63 clinical Aeromonas strains used, only one extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria, no plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance bacteria, and only four multidrug-resistant bacteria were detected. Therefore, the PCR assays could be useful for the rapid diagnosis of these Aeromonas infections and the monitoring of clinical strain invasion into water-related facilities and environments. Also, the frequency of drug-resistant Aeromonas in clinical isolates from Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, appeared to be low.
Major Imaging Challenges in Microscopy and How to Solve Them
Authors: Balaji S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Imaging artifacts often hinder the accuracy of microscopy images, affecting sample analyses and their interpretations. In this article, we explore five prominent imaging artifacts that commonly plague microscopy: blooming/saturation, pixelation, temporal/time varying noise, phototoxicity/photobleaching, and compression. Effective mitigation of these imaging artifacts hinges on careful consideration of key camera parameters, including quantum efficiency, bit-depth, resolution, and dynamic range, each crucial for optimizing image quality and fidelity. A wide range of camera solutions offered by e-con Systems provides consistent support to the various types of microscopy techniques from fluorescence microscopy to live cell imaging.
A sub-solar Fe/O, log (T/K) ∼ 7.5 gas component permeating the Milky Way’s CGM
Authors: Lara-DI Armando , Krongold Yair , Mathur Smita , Das Sanskriti , Gupta Anjali , Segura Montero O 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Our study focuses on characterizing the highly ionized gas within the Milky Way’s (MW) Circumgalactic Medium (CGM) that gives rise to ionic transitions in the X-ray band 2–25 Å. Utilizing stacked Chandra/ACIS-S MEG and LETG spectra toward Quasar (QSO) sightlines, we employ the self-consistent hybrid ionization code phase to model our data. The stacked spectra are optimally described by three distinct gas phase components: warm [log (T/K) ∼ 5.5], warm-hot [log (T/K) ∼6], and hot [log (T/K) ∼ 7.5] components. These findings confirm the presence of the hot component in the MW’s CGM indicating its coexistence with warm and warm-hot gas phases. We find this hot component to be homogeneous in temperature but inhomogeneous in column density. The gas in the hot component requires overabundances relative to solar to be consistent with the Dispersion Measure (DM) from the Galactic halo reported in the literature. For the hot phase we estimated a DM = $55.1^{+29.9}_{-23.7}$ pc cm−3. We conclude that this phase is either enriched in Oxygen, Silicon, and Sulfur, or has metallicity over 6 times solar value, or a combination of both. We do not detect Fe L-shell absorption lines, implying O/Fe ≥ 4. The non-solar abundance ratios found in the supervirial gas component in the Galactic halo suggest that this phase arises from Galactic feedback.
Strong gravitational lensing’s ‘external shear’ is not shear
Authors: Etherington Amy , Nightingale James W , Massey Richard , Tam Sut-Ieng , Cao XiaoYue , Niemiec Anna , He Qiuhan , Robertson Andrew , Li Ran , Amvrosiadis Aristeidis , Cole Shaun , Diego Jose M , Frenk Carlos S , Frye Brenda L , Harvey David , Jauzac Mathilde , Koekemoer Anton M , Lagattuta David J , Lange Samuel , Limousin Marceau , Mahler Guillaume , Sirks Ellen , Steinhardt Charles L 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The distribution of mass in galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses is often modelled as an elliptical power-law plus ‘external shear’, which notionally accounts for neighbouring galaxies and cosmic shear along our line of sight. A small amount of external shear could come from these sources, but we show that the vast majority does not. Except in a handful of rare systems, the best-fitting values do not correlate with independent measurements of line-of-sight shear: from weak lensing in 45 Hubble Space Telescope images, or in 50 mock images of lenses with complex distributions of mass. Instead, the best-fit external shear is aligned with the major or minor axis of 88 per cent of lens galaxies; and the amplitude of the external shear increases if that galaxy is discy. We conclude that ‘external shear’ attached to a power-law model is not physically meaningful, but a fudge to compensate for lack of model complexity. Since it biases other model parameters that are interpreted as physically meaningful in several science analyses (e.g. measuring galaxy evolution, dark matter physics or cosmological parameters), we recommend that future studies of galaxy-scale strong lensing should employ more flexible mass models.
The many colours of the TNG100 simulation
Authors: Gebek Andrea , Trčka Ana , Baes Maarten , Martorano Marco , Pillepich Annalisa , Kapoor Anand Utsav , Nersesian Angelos , van der Wel Arjen 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We apply the 3D dust radiative transfer code skirt to the low-redshift (z ≤ 0.1) galaxy population in the TNG100 cosmological simulation, the fiducial run of the IllustrisTNG project. We compute global fluxes and spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from the far-ultraviolet to the submillimetre for $\approx 60\, 000$ galaxies, with the same post-processing methodology that was previously applied to the TNG50 simulation. We verify that TNG100 reproduces observational luminosity functions at low redshifts to excellent precision, unlike TNG50. Additionally, we test the realism of our TNG100 plus skirt fluxes by comparing various flux and colour relations to data from the GAMA survey. TNG100 broadly reproduces the observed distributions, but we predict ultraviolet colours that are too blue by $\approx 0.4\, \mathrm{mag}$, possibly related to the extinction in the star-forming regions subgrid model not being selective enough. Furthermore, we find that the simulated galaxies exhibit mid-infrared fluxes elevated by up to $\approx 0.5\, \mathrm{mag}$ that we attribute to overly effective stochastic heating of the diffuse dust. All synthetic broad-band fluxes and SEDs are made publicly available in three orientations and four apertures, and can readily be used to study TNG100 galaxies in a mock observational fashion.
The environmental dependence of the stellar mass–gas metallicity relation in Horizon Run 5
Authors: Rowntree Aaron R , Singh Ankit , Vincenzo Fiorenzo , Gibson Brad K , Gouin Céline , Galárraga-Espinosa Daniela , Lee Jaehyun , Kim Juhan , Laigle Clotilde , Park Changbom , Pichon Christophe , Few Gareth , Hong Sungwook E , Kim Yonghwi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Metallicity offers a unique window into the baryonic history of the cosmos, being instrumental in probing evolutionary processes in galaxies between different cosmic environments. We aim to quantify the contribution of these environments to the scatter in the mass–metallicity relation (MZR) of galaxies. By analysing the galaxy distribution within the cosmic skeleton of the Horizon Run 5 cosmological hydrodynamical simulation at redshift z = 0.625, computed using a careful calibration of the T-ReX filament finder, we identify galaxies within three main environments: nodes, filaments, and voids. We also classify galaxies based on the dynamical state of the clusters and the length of the filaments in which they reside. We find that the cosmic environment significantly contributes to the scatter in the MZR; in particular, both the gas metallicity and its average relative standard deviation increase when considering denser large-scale environments. The difference in the average metallicity between galaxies within relaxed and unrelaxed clusters is ≈0.1dex, with both populations displaying positive residuals, δZg, from the averaged MZR. Moreover, the difference in metallicity between node and void galaxies accounts for $\approx 0.14 \, \text{dex}$ in the scatter of the MZR at stellar mass $M_{\star } \approx 10^{9.35}\, \text{M}_{\odot }$. Finally, both the average [O/Fe] in the gas and the galaxy gas fraction decrease when moving to higher large-scale densities in the simulation, suggesting that the cores of cosmic environments host – on average – older and more massive galaxies, whose enrichment is affected by a larger number of Type Ia Supernova events.
Sexual and reproductive health and rights through a screen: on technology and accessibility in the Arab region
Authors: El Fakahany Sohayla , Ibrahim Fayrouz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the Arab region, the availability of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) resources is hindered by structural sociocultural barriers. In response to these challenges, youth and activists have turned to digital platforms such as websites, blogs and social media accounts to improve access to SRHR information and services. The coalescence of such digital platforms has created a complimentary social space that exists to improve the sought for an equal, accessible and empowering SRHR environment. Drawing from Asef Bayat’s concept of social non-movements, this research analyzes SRHR in repressive and conservative settings within the Arab region. The methodology employed includes a digital ethnography on SRHR-related online platforms and an online anonymous survey with young Arab individuals. Through the analysis, it becomes evident that online mobilization efforts may be framed as social non-movements and the role of such digital platforms is imperative to the improvement of youth’s SRHR. Recommendations for improvement include prioritizing comprehensive sexuality education through reformation of curricula, normalizing SRHR and engaging communities in locally and culturally sensitive discourses, disseminating SRHR through media and outreach programs, enhancing accessibility and support, creating more cohesive networks of support and knowledge, and promoting trusted SRHR services and platforms. The coupling between the online space, which has proven to fill in gaps that exist socially, with the formal healthcare system is bound to produce strides in the advocacy for gender equality and equitable access to healthcare in the region.
Divergences between mainstream and social media discourses after COP26, and why they matter
Authors: Sanford Mary , Painter James 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUN climate conferences (COPs) have become powerful opportunities for driving public attention to climate issues and raising awareness via mainstream and social media coverage. While there is an abundance of studies examining various elements of the media arenas separately, there are currently no comparative analyses of how mainstream media outlets and social media opinion leaders react to and thereby shape discourses around COPs. Using Bourdieu’s field theory to conceptualize agents in the two arenas as ‘adversaries’, we use manual content analysis to compare reactions to the 2021 Glasgow climate conference (COP26) across the five top English-language online newspapers in Australia, India, the UK and the USA with those of prominent users and organizations on Facebook and Instagram. We find entirely different appraisals of the conference between the two arenas: Where the mainstream media outlets highlighted the progress of the summit, social media leaders were eager to criticize its failures and those of world leaders to take sufficient action. We discuss the implications of this divergence, specifically (i) the extent to which it hinders the cultivation of cohesive narratives about critical climate issues, and (ii) how the failure frame advocated by social media opinion leaders may de-legitimize international policy initiatives and undercut public support for and engagement with these efforts.
Muscle‐specific pyruvate kinase isoforms, PKM1 and PKM2, regulate mammalian SWI/SNF proteins and histone 3 phosphorylation during myoblast differentiation
Authors: Olea‐Flores Monserrat , Sharma Tapan , Verdejo‐Torres Odette , DiBartolomeo Imaru , Thompson Paul R. , Padilla‐Benavides Teresita , Imbalzano Anthony N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPyruvate kinase is a glycolytic enzyme that converts phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP into pyruvate and ATP. There are two genes that encode pyruvate kinase in vertebrates; Pkm and Pkl encode muscle‐ and liver/erythrocyte‐specific forms, respectively. Each gene encodes two isoenzymes due to alternative splicing. Both muscle‐specific enzymes, PKM1 and PKM2, function in glycolysis, but PKM2 also has been implicated in gene regulation due to its ability to phosphorylate histone 3 threonine 11 (H3T11) in cancer cells. Here, we examined the roles of PKM1 and PKM2 during myoblast differentiation. RNA‐seq analysis revealed that PKM2 promotes the expression of Dpf2/Baf45d and Baf250a/Arid1A. DPF2 and BAF250a are subunits that identify a specific sub‐family of the mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) of chromatin remodeling enzymes that is required for the activation of myogenic gene expression during differentiation. PKM2 also mediated the incorporation of DPF2 and BAF250a into the regulatory sequences controlling myogenic gene expression. PKM1 did not affect expression but was required for nuclear localization of DPF2. Additionally, PKM2 was required not only for the incorporation of phosphorylated H3T11 in myogenic promoters but also for the incorporation of phosphorylated H3T6 and H3T45 at myogenic promoters via regulation of AKT and protein kinase C isoforms that phosphorylate those amino acids. Our results identify multiple unique roles for PKM2 and a novel function for PKM1 in gene expression and chromatin regulation during myoblast differentiation.
Internet Gaming Disorder and the Incidence of Suicide-related Ideation and Behaviors in College Students
Authors: Orozco Ricardo , Borges Guilherme , Caldas-de-Almeida José Miguel , Gutiérrez-García Raúl A. , Albor Yesica , Jiménez Pérez Ana Lucía , Valdés-García Karla Patricia , Baez Mansur Patricia M. , Covarrubias Díaz Couder María Anabell , Hernández Uribe Praxedis Cristina , Benjet Corina 
Published: June 2024

Objectives
The longitudinal associations between DSM-5 Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and suicide-related ideation and behaviors have not been explored. In this study, we therefore seek to examine the association between baseline IGD and incident suicide ideation, plans, and attempts.

Methods
This is a prospective cohort study of 2586 Mexican college students followed up from September 2018 to June 2022. We estimated hazards ratios modeling incidence of suicide ideation, plans, and attempts by fitting proportional hazards Cox models with person-time scaled in years.

Results
Among 2140 students without suicide ideation at baseline, there were 467 incident cases in 3987.6 person-years; ideation incidence rates were 179 cases per 1000 person-years among students with IGD and 114 cases per 1000 person-years among those without IGD. Incidence rates for suicide plans were 67 and 39 per 1000 among IGD and non-IGD students, and 15 and 10 per 1000, respectively for attempts. After controlling for age, sex, and mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, IGD was associated with an 83% increased risk of suicide ideation. Although incidence rate estimates for plans and attempts were higher among students with IGD, results were not statistically significant.

Conclusions
This study helps to raise awareness of the increased risk of at least suicidal ideation in people experiencing IGD. Clinicians treating patients with IGD may encounter complaints of suicide ideation over time, and even reports of suicidal behavior that should not be disregarded. Identifying these patients and treating/referring them for underlying suicidality should form part of IGD treatment.