bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of interfacial strengthening in blends of reclaimed rubber and polypropylene
Authors: Zhu S.‐H. , Tzoganakis C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) were prepared from polypropylene (PP) and reclaimed ground tire rubber crumbs. Three types of interfacial strengthening agents—degraded PP, hydrosilylated PP, and hydrosilylated PP grafted onto styrene–butadiene rubber—were prepared in melt via a stepwise series of reactions and employed to generate various degrees of interfacial adhesion in the aforementioned blends. The incorporation of the interfacial agents resulted in improvements in the mechanical properties of these TPVs, and the rubber particle size remained constant. The PP chain length and the functional groups present in the interfacial agents affected the magnitude of the improvement in the mechanical properties. The interfacial agents were primarily present on the surface of the rubber particles in the blends, as shown by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectra. These interfacial agents in the PP/rubber crumb blends led to a unique preyield kink in their stress–strain curves, a plateau, or a sharp turning point in the region of approximately 3% elongation and approximately 4‐MPa stress. These kinks were interpreted similarly to the cold flow of semicrystalline polymers in tension. The addition of the interfacial modifiers decreased the shear viscosity and increased the entrance pressure drop in flow through capillary dies, and this was attributed to changes in the elongational viscosity of the blends. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Type of polypropylene material significantly influences the migration of antioxidants from polymer packaging to food simulants during microwave heating
Authors: Alin Jonas , Hakkarainen Minna 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThree different polypropylene materials, polypropylene homopolymer (PP), propylene‐ethylene random copolymer (PP‐R), and propylene‐ethylene copolymer (PP‐C) are commonly used in plastic containers designed for microwave heating of food. Migration of antioxidants, Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168, from PP, PP‐R, and PP‐C during microwave heating in contact with different food simulants was investigated by utilizing microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The polypropylene material significantly influenced the migration rate, which decreased in the order of increasing degree of crystallinity in the materials. PP homopolymer was the most migration resistant of the studied materials especially in contact with fatty food simulants. The use of isooctane as fatty food simulant resulted in rapid depletion of antioxidants, while migration to another fatty food simulant, 96% ethanol, was much more limited. Migration to aqueous and acidic food simulants was in most cases under the detection limits irrespective of microwaving time and temperature. The diffusion coefficients were similar to what have been found previously under similar conditions but without microwaves. The effect of swelling was shown by the large increase in the calculated diffusion coefficients when isooctane was used as food simulant instead of 96% ethanol. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effect of carbon black/nanoclay hybrid filler on the dynamic properties of natural rubber vulcanizates
Authors: Liu Yuanbo , Li Li , Wang Qi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this study, natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites based on carbon black (CB) and two poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐modified clay hybrid filler were fabricated. The morphology and mechanical properties were studied. The dynamic properties of NR vulcanizates were investigated over a range of strain amplitude at two temperatures. It was found that NR with hybrid filler exhibits superior mechanical properties over that with CB as single phase filler. The hybrid filler causes a significant alteration in the dynamic properties of rubber. The Payne effect becomes more pronounced in rubber with modified clay. A decrease in loss factor (tanδ) was observed for rubber with hybrid filler also. The results revealed that the inclusion of nanoclay (NC) could induce a stronger and more developed filler network. Because of the anisotropy of the nanolayers, NC would depress the reconstruction of filler network, or lower the reformation rates when broken down under deformation, giving rise to lower tanδ value at broad temperature range as well as strain amplitude. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Chromo‐Fluorogenic Detection of Nerve‐Agent Mimics Using Triggered Cyclization Reactions in Push–Pull Dyes
Authors: Costero Ana M. , Parra Margarita , Gil Salvador , Gotor Raúl , Mancini Pedro M. E. , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Sancenón Félix , Royo Santiago 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA family of azo and stilbene derivatives (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) are synthesized, and their chromo‐fluorogenic behavior in the presence of nerve‐agent simulants, diethylchlorophosphate (DCP), diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), and diethylcyanophosphate (DCNP) in acetonitrile and mixed solution of water/acetonitrile (3:1 v/v) buffered at pH 5.6 with MES, is investigated. The prepared compounds contain 2‐(2‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl)ethanol or 2‐[(2‐N,N‐dimethylamino)phenoxy]ethanol reactive groups, which are part of the conjugated π‐system of the dyes and are able to give acylation reactions with phosphonate substrates followed by a rapid intramolecular N‐alkylation. The nerve‐agent mimic‐triggered cyclization reaction transforms a dimethylamino group into a quaternary ammonium, inducing a change of the electronic properties of the delocalized systems that results in a hypsochromic shift of the absorption band of the dyes. Similar reactivity studies are also carried out with other “non‐toxic” organophosphorus compounds, but no changes in the UV/Vis spectra were observed. The emission behaviour of the reagents in acetonitrile and water–acetonitrile 3:1 v/v mixtures is also studied in the presence of nerve‐agent simulants and other organophosphorous derivatives. The reactivity between 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and DCP, DCNP, or DFP in buffered water–acetonitrile 3:1 v/v solutions under pseudo first‐order kinetic conditions, using an excess of the corresponding simulant, are studied in order to determine the rate constants (k) and the half‐life times (t1/2=ln2/k) for the reaction. The detection limits in water/acetonitrile 3:1 v/v are also determined for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and DCP, DCNP, and DFP. Finally, the chromogenic detection of nerve agent simulants both in solution and in gas phase are tested using silica gel containing adsorbed compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 with fine results.
Perceptually validated global/local deformations
Authors: García Marcos , Otaduy Miguel Anguel , O'Sullivan Carol 
Published: May 2010

AbstractModal analysis techniques are often used to animate deformable objects in real time. In order to achieve performance improvements, the degrees of freedom of the problem may be reduced by using the main global deformations alone. However, this can lead to a reduction in quality and realism due to the lack of local behaviors. To solve this problem, we present a new method to add local deformations to modal analysis simulations. We perceptually evaluate our method with a set of experiments, thereby deriving guidelines for when and how local deformations can best be used. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of Parameters for Synthesis of MFI Nanoparticles by Taguchi Robust Design
Authors: Torkaman R. , Soltanieh M. , Kazemian H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMFI‐type zeolite was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization of clear synthesis mixtures. A statistical experimental design method (the Taguchi method with an L8 orthogonal array) was implemented to optimize the experimental conditions for the preparation of MFI nanocrystals with respect to particle size and distribution as the desirable properties. In the Taguchi experimental design, crystallization temperature, water content, template/silica molar ratio, aluminum content, as well as the presence of alkaline cations were chosen as significant parameters affecting the properties. It was shown that water and aluminum content of the synthesis solution were the most important parameters affecting particle size and distribution. The MFI nanocrystals with an average particle size of 95 nm and the narrow particle size distribution of ± 8.5 nm were synthesized under optimum conditions.
DNA Depletion by Precipitation in the Purification of Cell Culture‐Derived Influenza Vaccines
Authors: Kröber T. , Knöchlein A. , Eisold K. , Kalbfuß‐Zimmermann B. , Reichl U. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA pilot study for the purification of cell culture‐derived human influenza virus is presented, which focuses on the early removal of DNA by precipitation. Strains of influenza virus were propagated using Madin Darby canine kidney cells as a host. A harvesting time of about 72 h postinfection was chosen to minimize the level of impurities (host cell DNA and protein). Cell culture supernatant was clarified by centrifugation and the performance of this operation was characterized on the basis of Sigma theory. An average clarification efficiency of 93 % (based on turbidity) and a product yield of 85 % (based on hemagglutination activity) were obtained at a load of 1.6 · 10–8 m s–1. Furthermore, the applicability of Sigma theory for scale‐up studies using two different laboratory centrifuges was verified. Selective precipitation of DNA was achieved by the addition of polyethyleneimine (PEI). Full factorial design was applied to optimize selectivity considering pH, ionic strength, and the concentration and molecular weight of PEI. Under optimized conditions, treatment with PEI resulted in a reduction of DNA to 15 % of the initial amount, while 86 % of virions (based on neuraminidase activity) were recovered. The subsequent concentration of virions was realized by tangential‐flow ultrafiltration. Recovery based on hemagglutination activity was determined to 63 % on average. Including the previous precipitation step, overall reduction in DNA after tangential‐flow ultrafiltration was 500‐fold. These results indicate that the suggested unit operations are suited for the early depletion of DNA in cell culture‐derived influenza vaccine production.
Influence of Bubble Evolution on the Effective Kinetics of Heterogeneously Catalyzed Gas/Liquid Reactions. Part II: Exothermic Gas/Liquid Reactions
Authors: Oehmichen T. , Datsevich L. , Jess A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFor heterogeneously catalyzed multiphase reactions the formation of bubbles may have an influence on the effective reaction rate. This second of a series of two contributions deals with the Ni‐catalyzed hydrogenation of hexene, which was used as a model system for an exothermic gas/liquid (G/L) reaction, where gas/vapor bubbles may be generated by overheating of the catalyst. (In part I, results of catalytic H2O2 decomposition were presented, where the evolution of gas bubbles (O2) always occurs.) A criterion for the formation of vapor bubbles for exothermic G/L reactions is presented, which was verified by experiments in a reactor with an inspection window. For a particle diameter of 6 mm, the effective kinetics of hexene hydrogenation is influenced by internal and external mass and heat transfer. A new and simple method to estimate the mass and heat transfer parameters and the effectiveness factors with regard to pore and external diffusion is presented, which combines the measured temperature difference(s) and the effective rate. For the given reaction conditions, the rate of hexene hydrogenation is not influenced by the evolution of vapor bubbles.
Ordered Mesoporous Organosilica with Ionic‐Liquid Framework: An Efficient and Reusable Support for the Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction in Water
Authors: Karimi Babak , Elhamifar Dawood , Clark James H. , Hunt Andrew J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe preparation of a novel palladium‐supported periodic mesoporous organosilica based on alkylimidazolium ionic liquid (Pd@PMO‐IL) in which imidazoilium ionic liquid is uniformly distributed in the silica mesoporous framework is described. Both Pd@PMO‐IL and the parent PMO‐IL were characterized by N2‐adsorption–desorption, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), TEM, and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. We have demonstrated that Pd@PMO‐IL is an efficient and reusable catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of various types of iodo‐, bromo‐, and even deactivated aryl chlorides in water. It was also found that although the PMO‐IL nanostructure acts as reservoir for soluble Pd species, it can also operate as a nanoscaffold to recapture the Pd nanoparticles into the mesochannels thus preventing extensive agglomeration of Pd. This observation might be attributed to the isolated ionic liquid units that effectively control the reaction mechanism by preventing Pd agglomeration and releasing and recapturing Pd nanoparticles during the reaction process. The catalyst can be recovered and reused for at least four reaction cycles without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Elemental Site Preferences in Quasicrystalline Approximants (R‐Phases) Within the Li—Mg—Zn—Al System.
Authors: Lee Chi‐Shen , Miller Gordon J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Ce3Ge1.11In0.89 and Related Compounds.
Authors: Nychyporuk G. , Zaremba V. , Kalychak Ya. , Stepien‐Damm J. , Pietraszko A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Diffusivity Measurement of Uranium—Thorium—Zirconium Hydride.
Authors: Tsuchiya B. , Huang J. , Konashi K. , Saiki W. , Onoue T. , Yamawaki M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: {Sm,Er}—Cu—Sn Ternary Systems.
Authors: Senkovska I. V. , Mudryk Ya. S. , Romaka L. P. , Bodak O. I. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Accidental Discovery of a New Mixed‐Valent Iodine Compound — Crystal Structure of Difluoroiodato(V) Iodine(III) Dichloride [Cl2IOI(O)F2].
Authors: Minkwitz Rolf , Berkei Michael 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Examples of Thallium Chalcogenide Cages. Syntheses, 77Se, 203Tl, and 205Tl NMR Study of the Tl4Se54‐ and Tl4Se64‐ Anions, the X‐Ray Crystal Structure of (2,2,2‐crypt‐K+) 3Tl5Se53‐, and Theoretical Studies.
Authors: Campbell Janette , Mercier Helene P. A. , Santry David P. , Suontamo Reijo J. , Borrmann Horst , Schrobilgen Gary J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Complexes of Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) as Lewis Acid Catalysts for the Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Pignat Kristian , Vallotto Jacopo , Pinna Francesco , Strukul Giorgio 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Ligands for Asymmetric Synthesis: Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by Chiral N‐α‐Pyridylmethyl Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Yun Hongying , Wu Yangjie , Wu Yusheng , Ding Kuiling , Zhou Ying 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Reduction of Achiral Ketones with NaBH4/Me3SiCl Catalyzed by (S)‐α,α‐Diphenylpyrrolidinemethanol.
Authors: Jiang Biao , Feng Yan , Zheng Jian 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Reactions of Aromatic Compounds with Glyoxylate: A Simple Procedure for the Synthesis of Optically Active Aromatic Mandelic Acid Esters.
Authors: Gathergood Nicholas , Zhuang Wei , Joergensen Karl Anker 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Protonation of Lithium Ester Enolates Generated by Conjugate Addition of Arylthiolate to Enoates.
Authors: Nishimura Katsumi , Ono Masashi , Nagaoka Yasuo , Tomioka Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroalumination‐Brominolysis of Vinylalkynols: A Novel Entry to (E)‐ and (Z)‐Bromoalkadienols, and Bromoallenols.
Authors: Gharibian Hovhannes , Palikyan Gulnara , Badanyan Shaliko H. , Paulsen Kevin , Melikyan Gagik G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: General Synthetic Methods. Part 14. Indium Trichloride: A Useful Catalyst for Ionic Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Gopal Reddy B. , Kumareswaran R. , Vankar Y. D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrolysis of Benzenediazonium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide.
Authors: Ishihara Kazuaki , Hasegawa Aiko , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Cyclization of Unsaturated Ketene Dithioacetals with Ceric Ammonium Nitrate to Form Bicyclic Lactones.
Authors: Snider Barry B. , Shi Bo , Quickley Cheri A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(alkylthio)carbenes as Novel Reagents for Organic Synthesis.
Authors: Rigby James H. , Laurent Stephane , Dong Weitong , Danca M. Diana 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Polymer‐Attached Reagent for the Oxidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols.
Authors: Sourkouni‐Argirusi Georgia , Kirschning Andreas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Procedure for Oxidation of Phosphorus Ylides to Their Corresponding Oxo‐Derivatives Using m‐CPBA under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Lee Kieseung , Im Jin‐Mo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Selective Epoxidation of Alkenes by Supported Manganese Porphyrin under Ultrasonic Irradiation.
Authors: Mirkhani Valiollah , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Moghadam Majid , Yadollahi Bahram 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Biaryls via Intermolecular Radical Addition of Heteroaryl and Aryl Bromides onto Arenes.
Authors: Martinez‐Barrasa Valentin , Garcia de Viedma Aranzazu , Burgos Carolina , Alvarez‐Builla Julio 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.