bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are professional forecasters inattentive to public discussions about inflation? The case of Argentina
Authors: Aromí J. Daniel , Llada Martín 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe evaluate whether professional forecasters incorporate valuable information from public discussions on social media. The study covers the case of inflation in Argentina for the period 2016–2022. We find solid evidence consistent with inattention. A simple indicator of attention to inflation on social media is shown to anticipate professional forecast errors. A one standard deviation increment in the indicator is followed by a rise of 0.4% in mean forecast errors in the subsequent month and by a cumulative increment of 0.7% over the next 6 months. Furthermore, social media content anticipates significant revisions in forecasts that target multiple months ahead inflation and calendar year inflation. These findings are different from previously documented forms of inattention. Consistent results are verified by implementing out‐of‐sample forecasts and using content from an alternative social network. The study has implications for the use of professional forecasts in the context of policymaking and sheds new evidence on the nature of imperfect information in macroeconomics.
The asymmetry in day and night option returns: Evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Bhat Aparna , Pandey Piyush , Nageswara Rao S. V. D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDelta‐hedged option selling strategies typically yield positive returns, owing to the volatility risk premium embedded in the option price. Recent research based on S&P 500 options has found a day–night asymmetry in option returns. We find a similar disparity in the returns for short Nifty option strategies. Positive and significant overnight option returns are accompanied by negative intraday returns. The day–night asymmetry is robust across option categories and subsamples but weaker on days with significant jumps in the underlying. We confirm that the variance risk premium earned by option sellers is mainly a reward for overnight risk.
Terrorism and education: Evidence from instrumental variables estimators
Authors: Alfano Marco , Görlach Joseph‐Simon 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThis paper estimates the effect of exposure to terrorist violence on education. Since terrorists may choose targets endogenously, we construct a set of novel instruments. To that end, we leverage exogenous variation from a local terrorist group's revenues and its affiliation with al‐Qaeda. Across several Kenyan datasets, we find that attacks suppress school enrolment more than predicted by difference‐in‐differences‐type estimators. This indicates that terrorists target areas experiencing unobserved, positive shocks. Evidence suggests fears and concerns as mechanisms of impact, rather than educational supply.
Choline chloride shows gender‐dependent positive effects on social deficits, learning/memory impairments, neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in the lipopolysaccharide‐induced rat model of autism
Authors: Egilmez Cansu Bilister , Pazarlar Burcu Azak , Erdogan Mumin Alper , Uyanikgil Yiğit , Erbas Oytun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe neuroprotective effects of choline chloride, an essential nutrient, a precursor for the acetylcholine and synthesis of membrane phospholipids, have been associated with neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Its contribution to autism spectrum disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder, remains unknown. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of choline chloride on social behaviours, and histopathological and biochemical changes in a rat autism model. The autism model was induced by administration of 100 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the 10th day of gestation. Choline chloride treatment (100 mg/kg/day) was commenced on PN5 and maintained until PN50. Social deficits were assessed by three‐chamber sociability, open field, and passive avoidance learning tests. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐2 (IL) and IL‐17, nerve growth factor (NGF), and glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) levels were measured to assess neuroinflammatory responses. In addition, the number of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression were evaluated. Social novelty and passive avoidance learning tests revealed significant differences in choline chloride‐treated male rats compared with saline‐treated groups. TNF‐α, IL‐2, and IL‐17 were significantly decreased after choline chloride treatment in both males and females. NGF and GAD67 levels were unchanged in females, while there were significant differences in males. Histologically, significant changes in terms of gliosis were detected in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions and cerebellum in choline chloride‐treated groups. The presence of ameliorative effects of choline chloride treatment on social behaviour and neuroinflammation through neuroinflammatory, neurotrophic, and neurotransmission pathways in a sex‐dependent rat model of LPS‐induced autism was demonstrated.
Endoscopic mucosal phenotypes and endoscopic Sydney system gastritis assessment in relation to Helicobacter pylori infection and upper digestive clinical signs: A 2‐year study among patients with gastroduodenal disorders in Cameroon
Authors: Tali Nguefak Lionel Danny , Faujo Nintewoue Ghislaine Florice , Stanley Ngimgoh Ngemeshe , Talla Paul , Ngatcha Ghislaine , Tagni Sartre Michele , Jude‐Marcel Nzoume Nsope Mengang , Paul Dzoyem Jean , Kouitcheu Mabeku Laure Brigitte 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimHelicobacter pylori represents the major pathogen in the pathophysiology of diverse gastrointestinal conditions. This study sought to determine the endoscopic aspect of the gastric mucosa in relation to H. pylori infection in Cameroon.MethodsThis study was conducted in three reference health facilities in Cameroon from October 2020 to October 2022. The study enrolled 494 consecutive volunteer dyspeptic patients attending to the gastroenterology department of the selected health facilities. A description of the aspect of gastric mucosa of all participants was performed during endoscopy examination, and biopsies were collected for H. pylori detection using rapid urease tests.ResultsGastritis, ulcerated lesions, duodenitis, esophagitis, normal mucosa aspect, bulbitis, and gastric neoplastic lesions were found in 40.1, 22.3, 10.9, 10.3, 9.7, 6.3, and 0.40% of biopsy samples, respectively. Erythematous/exudative (45.9%) and enterogastric reflux (12.2%) were the main gastritis types recorded. H. pylori was present in 58.1, 46.3, 87.1, 66.7, and 61.8% in gastritis, duodenitis, bulbitis, esophagitis, and ulcerated lesions, respectively. A positive relationship was noticed between the presence of H. pylori and gastritis (1.037 [0.720–1.493]; P = 0.845), bulbitis (4.237 [1.602–11.235]; P = 0.004), esophagitis (1.515 [0.822–2.793]; P = 0.183), ulcerated lesions (1.233 [0.798–1.904]; P = 0.345), erythematous/exudative gastritis (1.354 [0.768–2.389]; P = 0.295), and enterogastric reflux gastritis (1.159 [0.492–2.733]; P = 0.736).ConclusionGastritis and erythematous/exudative gastritis are the most frequent gastrointestinal pathophysiology conditions in dyspeptic patient in our milieu. H. pylori infection is responsible for 94.8% of the gastrointestinal pathophysiology conditions with bulbitis as the condition is significantly associated with this bacterium infection.
Local degree conditions for K9 ${K}_{9}$‐minors in graphs
Authors: Akiyama Takashige 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe prove that if each edge of a graph belongs to at least seven triangles, then contains a ‐minor or contains as an induced subgraph. This result was conjectured by Albar and Gonçalves in 2018. Moreover, we apply this result to study the stress freeness of graphs.
Correlated evolution of beak and braincase morphology is present only in select bird clades
Authors: Xu Xiaoni , Natale Rossy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractComplex morphological structures, such as skulls or limbs, are often composed of multiple morphological components (e.g., bones, sets of bones) that may evolve in a covaried manner with one another. Previous research has reached differing conclusions on the number of semi‐independent units, or modules, that exist in the evolution of structures and on the strength of the covariation, or integration, between these hypothesized modules. We focus on the avian skull as an example of a complex morphological structure for which highly variable conclusions have been reached in the numerous studies analyzing support for a range of simple to complex modularity hypotheses. We hypothesized that past discrepancies may stem from both the differing densities of data used to analyze support for modularity hypotheses and the differing taxonomic levels of study. To test these hypotheses, we applied a comparative method to 3D geometric morphometric data collected from the skulls of a diverse order of birds (the Charadriiformes) to test support for 11 distinct hypotheses of modular skull evolution. Across all Charadriiformes, our analyses suggested that charadriiform skull evolution has been characterized by the semi‐independent, but still correlated, evolution of the beak from the rest of the skull. When we adjusted the density of our morphometric data, this result held, but the strength of the signal varied substantially. Additionally, when we analyzed subgroups within the order in isolation, we found support for distinct hypotheses between subgroups. Taken together, these results suggest that differences in the methodology of past work (i.e., statistical method and data density) as well as clade‐specific dynamics may be the reasons past studies have reached varying conclusions.
Instability Severity Index Score predicts recurrent shoulder instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair
Authors: van Blommestein Matthijs Y. H. , Govaert Lonneke H. M. , van der Palen Job , Verra Wiebe C. , Koorevaar Rinco C. T. , Schröder Femke F. , Veen Egbert Jan D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThe Instability Severity Index (ISI) Score was developed to preoperatively assess the risk of recurrent shoulder instability after an arthroscopic Bankart repair. This study aims to validate the use of ISI Score for predicting the risk of recurrence after an arthroscopic Bankart repair in a heterogeneous population and proposes an appropriate cut‐off point for treating patients with an arthroscopic Bankart repair or otherwise.MethodsThis study analysed 99 shoulders after a traumatic dislocation that underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with at least 3 years follow‐up. Patients were divided into subcategories based on their respective ISI Score. Recurrence includes either a postoperative dislocation or perceived instability.ResultsThe overall recurrence rate was found to be 26.3%. A significant correlation was identified between ISI Score and the recurrence rate (odds ratio [OR]: 1.545, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.231–1.939, p < 0.001). Furthermore, ISI Score 4–6 (OR: 4.498, 95% CI: 1.866–10.842, p < 0.001) and ISI Score > 6 (OR: 7.076, 95% CI: 2.393–20.924, p < 0.001) both had a significantly higher risk of recurrence compared to ISI Score 0–3. In ISI Score subcategories 0–3, 4–6 and >6, the recurrence rate was, respectively, 15.4%, 40.7% and 71.4%.ConclusionISI Score has predictive value in determining the recurrence risk of shoulder instability following an arthroscopic Bankart repair in a heterogeneous population. Based on the findings of this study, we recommend using arthroscopic Bankart repair in patients with ISI Score 0–3. Clinical and shared decision‐making are essential in the group with ISI Score 4–6, since the recurrence rate is significantly higher than in patients with ISI Score 0–3. Arthroscopic Bankart repair is not suitable for patients with ISI Score > 6.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Use of THRIVE for Apneic Oxygenation in Transoral Laser Microlaryngeal Surgery: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ananthapadmanabhan Saikrishna , Gan Yijin J. , Kudpaje Akshay , Raju Dinesh , Smith Mark , Riffat Faruque , Novakovic Daniel , Stokan Murray , Palme Carsten E. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTrans‐nasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) has demonstrated utility in extending the apneic window in the perioperative setting. Its benefits in facilitating tubeless anesthesia are recognized during elective laryngotracheal surgeries. The use of THRIVE and administering higher fractional inspired oxygen concentrations in laser laryngeal surgery (LLS) remains controversial due to the theoretical risk of airway fires. A scoping review of the literature describing institutional experiences with THRIVE during LLS was conducted.Data Sources and Review MethodsA systematic scoping review of the literature was performed including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, JBI EBP Database, and Cochrane Library from inception to April 2023.ResultsFrom the 472 articles identified in our review, nine articles were included representing 271 cases. THRIVE was used for preoxygenation and to maintain apneic oxygenation during LLS. Different institutional practices related to THRIVE parameters and intraoperative modifications during lasing were described in the literature, including cessation of THRIVE, reduction of FiO2 to 30%, and continuous 100% FiO2 oxygenation. One study described a brief ignition of the coating of a KTP laser fiber without injury to the patient. No adverse patient outcomes have been documented in the literature with THRIVE during LLS.ConclusionTHRIVE is a safe and effective form of tubeless anesthesia and apneic oxygenation during LLS, with no adverse patient safety events reported in the literature. Key determinants to maintain safety include optimal patient and team selection, effective surgeon‐anesthetist cooperation, and institutional protocols that govern intraoperative practice. Laryngoscope, 134:4203–4212, 2024
Novel insight into FCSK‐congenital disorder of glycosylation through a CRISPR‐generated cell model
Authors: Fazelzadeh Haghighi Maryam , Jafari Khamirani Hossein , Fallahi Jafar , Monfared Ali Arabi , Ashrafi Dehkordi Korosh , Tabei Seyed Mohammad Bagher 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundFCSK‐congenital disorder of glycosylation (FCSK‐CDG) is a recently discovered rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder with defective fucosylation due to mutations in the fucokinase encoding gene, FCSK. Despite the essential role of fucokinase in the fucose salvage pathway and severe multisystem manifestations of FCSK‐CDG patients, it is not elucidated which cells or which types of fucosylation are affected by its deficiency.MethodsIn this study, CRISPR/Cas9 was employed to construct an FCSK‐CDG cell model and explore the molecular mechanisms of the disease by lectin flow cytometry and real‐time PCR analyses.ResultsComparison of cellular fucosylation by lectin flow cytometry in the created CRISPR/Cas9 FCSK knockout and the same unedited cell lines showed no significant change in the amount of cell surface fucosylated glycans, which is consistent with the only documented previous study on different cell types. It suggests a probable effect of this disease on secretory glycoproteins. Investigating O‐fucosylation by analysis of the NOTCH3 gene expression as a potential target revealed a significant decrease in the FCSK knockout cells compared with the same unedited ones, proving the effect of fucokinase deficiency on EGF‐like repeats O‐fucosylation.ConclusionThis study expands insight into the FCSK‐CDG molecular mechanism; to the best of our knowledge, it is the first research conducted to reveal a gene whose expression level alters due to this disease.
Comparative analysis of real‐world adherence and persistence patterns with vibegron, mirabegron, and anticholinergics in patients with overactive bladder: A retrospective claims study
Authors: Chastek Benjamin , Carrera Adam , Landis Christina , Snyder Daniel , Abedinzadeh Laleh , Bancroft Tim , Nesheim Jeffrey , Kennelly Michael , Staskin David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionVibegron is a selective β3‐adrenergic receptor agonist that was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in December 2020 for the treatment of overactive bladder in adults. This retrospective study assessed US pharmacy claims data to evaluate the real‐world adherence and persistence of vibegron compared with mirabegron and with anticholinergics.Materials and MethodsThis analysis used the Optum Research Database to identify adults with ≥1 pharmacy claim for vibegron, mirabegron, or an anticholinergic from April 1, 2021, to August 31, 2022. Patients had ≥ 90 days of continuous commercial or Medicare medical and pharmacy coverage preindex and ≥ 60 days of continuous pharmacy coverage postindex. Two independent propensity‐score models matched patients treated with (1) vibegron versus mirabegron and (2) vibegron versus anticholinergics on key variables such as demographics and clinical characteristics, index copay, days' supply, and time of entry into analysis (index quarter). Adherence was measured by proportion of days covered (PDC) from index to the end of follow‐up and was defined as PDC ≥ 80%. Persistence was defined as days to discontinuation of index medication (first 30‐day gap) or end of follow‐up.ResultsThe matched vibegron and mirabegron cohorts included 4921 and 9842 patients, respectively, and the matched vibegron and anticholinergic cohorts included 4676 and 9352 patients, respectively. Patients receiving vibegron had greater mean PDC versus patients receiving mirabegron (0.67 vs. 0.64, respectively; p < 0.001) or anticholinergics (0.67 vs. 0.58; p < 0.001). A greater percentage of patients receiving vibegron were adherent versus those receiving mirabegron (49.0% vs. 45.1%, respectively; p < 0.001) or anticholinergics (49.1% vs. 38.5%; p < 0.001). Persistence was longer with vibegron compared with both mirabegron (median [95% CI], 171 [159–182] vs. 128 [122–137] days, respectively; p < 0.001) and anticholinergics (172 [159–183] vs. 91 [91] days; p < 0.001).ConclusionIn this retrospective analysis of pharmacy claims data, patients receiving vibegron exhibited significantly higher adherence and demonstrated longer persistence in comparison to matched patient cohorts receiving either mirabegron or anticholinergics.
Space‐time stochastic Galerkin boundary elements for acoustic scattering problems
Authors: Gimperlein Heiko , Meyer Fabian , Özdemir Ceyhun 
Published: May 2024

SummaryAcoustic emission or scattering problems naturally involve uncertainties about the sound sources or boundary conditions. This article initiates the study of time domain boundary elements for such stochastic boundary problems for the acoustic wave equation. We present a space‐time stochastic Galerkin boundary element method which is applied to sound‐hard, sound‐soft and absorbing scatterers. Uncertainties in both the sources and the boundary conditions are considered using a polynomial chaos expansion. The numerical experiments illustrate the performance and convergence of the proposed method in model problems and present an application to a problem from traffic noise.
Study on the characteristics of glass fiber‐reinforced polymers from recycled wind turbine blades as reinforcement in particleboard
Authors: Zhang Hualei , Zheng Nihua , Xing Tong , Zhang Guozhu , Cao Dong , Bai Yuyong , Wang Shixin , Zuo Dekang , Liu Hongguang , Li Li , Luo Bin , Peng Siwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlass fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP), extensively employed in diverse industries, generates considerable waste, especially from decommissioned wind turbine blades. Our research group has developed a new method of mechanical recovery for GFRP from wind turbine blades. In this study, waste GFRP was processed into a mixed particle size of 0.9–6 mm using a crusher and a screening machine, and then added as reinforcement materials to particleboards. The effects of different levels of four factors (GFRP addition, hot pressing temperature, hot pressing time, and binder dosage) on the properties of GFRP particleboards were evaluated by orthogonal experiments. The study results showed that the particleboards with 30 wt% GFRP improved modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and internal bonding strength (IB) by 74.94%, 42.28%, and 92.05%, respectively, compared to pure poplar particleboards. Moreover, GFRP particleboards demonstrated better water resistance and dimensional stability than commercial particleboards and excelled in thermal stability. Recycling GFRP waste from decommissioned wind turbine blades and incorporating it into particleboard production can reduce environmental pollution, increase the resource recovery utilization rate, and contribute to sustainable manufacturing practices.Highlights
Low‐cost and efficient methods of recycling wind turbine blades were proposed.
Recycled GFRP from wind turbine blades can be used as reinforcement for particleboard.
The prepared particleboards have excellent physical and mechanical properties and are thermally stable.
Determination of the optimal glass fiber‐reinforced polymer addition level in particleboard at 30 wt%.
Effects of compound compatibilizer and CaTiO3 filler on the properties of polypropylene/polyphenylene ether/glass fiber composites
Authors: Xiao Longtao , Liang Fei , Zhou Zikang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present study used polyphenylene ether/Polypropylene/glass fiber (PPO/PP/GF) composites as the matrix material to obtain the dielectric plate material to be used in the dielectric phase shifters for 5G base stations. First, the reinforcement effect of the compound compatibilizers comprising PP‐g‐MAH and SEBS‐g‐MAH on the PPO/PP/GF composites was investigated. The experimental results revealed that the compound compatibilizers could dramatically improve the compatibility and performance of the PP/PPO/GF composites through synergistic compatibility. Next, the crystallization effect of CaTiO3 fillers on the PPO/PP/GF composites was investigated. The DSC analysis revealed that using a small amount of CaTiO3 promoted the crystallization of PP, while using a large amount of CaTiO3 inhibited the crystallization effect. At a compatibilizer content of 6 wt% and CaTiO3 in the range of 10–85 wt%, the CaTiO3/PP/PPO/GF composite presented a continuously adjustable dielectric constant (εr = 2.32–20.9), low dielectric loss (tanδ < 0.0019), and high heat resistance (VST = 169.5–177°C), and could, therefore, be used as a dielectric plate material in the dielectric phase shifters for 5G base stations.Highlights
The compound compatibilizers comprising PP‐g‐MAH and SEBS‐g‐MAH could dramatically improve the compatibility and performance of the PP/PPO/GF composites through synergistic compatibility.
A small amount of CaTiO3 promoted the crystallization of PP and a large amount of CaTiO3 inhibited the crystallization effect.
The CaTiO3/PP/PPO/GF composites could serve as ideal dielectric plate materials in the development of dielectric phase shifters for 5G base stations.