bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of receiving environment on the transport and fate of polybrominated diphenyl ethers near two submarine municipal outfalls
Authors: Dinn Pamela M. , Johannessen Sophia C. , Macdonald Robie W. , Lowe Christopher J. , Whiticar Michael J. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The fate of contaminants entering the marine environment through wastewater outfalls depends on the contaminant's persistence and affinity for particles. However, the physical characteristics of the receiving environment, for example, current velocity and sedimentary processes, may be even more important. Because of the complexity of natural settings and the lack of appropriate comparative settings, this is not frequently evaluated quantitatively. The authors investigated the near-field accumulation of particle-reactive polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) entering coastal waters by way of two municipal outfalls: one discharging into a high-energy, low-sedimentation environment near Victoria, BC, Canada; the other into a low-energy, high-sedimentation environment, near Vancouver, BC. The authors used 210Pb profiles in box cores together with an advection-diffusion model to determine surface mixing and sedimentation rates, and to model the depositional history of PBDEs at these sites. Surprisingly, 88 to 99% of PBDEs were dispersed beyond the near-field at both sites, but a greater proportion of PBDEs was captured in the sediment near the Vancouver outfall where rapid burial was facilitated by inorganic sediment supplied from the nearby Fraser River. Although the discharge of PBDEs was much lower from the Victoria outfall than from Vancouver, some sediment PBDE concentrations were higher near Victoria. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:566–573. © 2011 SETAC
Vapor pressure of three brominated flame retardants determined by using the Knudsen effusion method
Authors: Fu Jinxia , Suuberg Eric M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been used in a variety of consumer products in the past four decades. The vapor pressures for three widely used BFRs, that is, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and octabromodiphenyl ethers (octaBDEs) mixtures, were determined using the Knudsen effusion method and compared with those of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209). The values measured extrapolated to 298.15 K are 8.47 × 10−9, 7.47 × 10−10, and 2.33 × 10−9 Pa, respectively. The enthalpies of sublimation for these BFRs were estimated using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation and are 143.6 ± 0.4, 153.7 ± 3.1, and 150.8 ± 3.2 kJ/mole, respectively. In addition, the enthalpies of fusion and melting temperatures for these BFRs were also measured in the present study. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:574–578. © 2011 SETAC
Significant interspecies differences in induction profiles of hepatic CYP enzymes by TCDD in bank and field voles
Authors: Murtomaa-Hautala Mari , Korkalainen Merja , Pelkonen Olavi , Hegde Nagabhooshan , Pohjanvirta Raimo , Huitu Otso , Henttonen Heikki , Rautio Arja , Viitala Pirkko , Viluksela Matti 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The gene expression and induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP)-enzymes following 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) peroral administration was studied in the livers of two wild vole species—the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) and the field vole (Microtus agrestis). The dioxin-sensitive C57BL/6 mouse was used as a reference. Doses of 0.05, 0.5, 5.0, and 50 µg/kg were applied to ascertain a dose–response relationship, and the dose of 50 µg/kg was applied to the study time course for up to 96 h. The cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA expression showed an expected dose-dependent increase equally in both vole species. Bank voles expressed notably higher CYP2A mRNA levels as compared with field voles. Both species exhibited dose-dependent increases in putative CYP1A-, CYP2B-, and CYP2A-associated activities as measured by fluorometric assays for ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), penthoxyresorufin-O-depenthylase (PROD), and 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD), respectively. Putative CYP2A-associated coumarin-7-hydroxylase (COH) activity showed a slight increase at the two highest doses of TCDD in field voles but not in bank voles, and their basal COH activity was only one-fourth or less of that in field voles. Overall, however, bank voles tended to exhibit higher CYP-associated enzyme activities measured at the two largest doses of TCDD than field voles. A western blot analysis of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) revealed that the two vole species had differential band patterns, suggesting dissimilar structures for their AhRs. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:663–671. © 2011 SETAC
The Realised–Implied Volatility Relationship: Recent Empirical Evidence from FTSE‐100 Stocks
Authors: Garvey John F. , Gallagher Liam A. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the long‐run relationship between implied and realised volatility for a sample of 16 FTSE‐100 stocks. We find strong evidence of long‐memory, fractional integration in equity volatility and show that this long‐memory characteristic is not an outcome of structural breaks experienced during the sample period. Fractional cointegration between the implied and realised volatility is shown using recently developed rank cointegration tests by Robinson and Yajima (2002). The predictive ability of individual equity options is also examined and composite implied volatility estimates are shown to contain information on future idiosyncratic or stock‐specific risk that is not captured using popular statistical approaches. Implied volatilities on individual UK equities are thus closely related to realised volatility and are an effective forecasting method particularly over medium forecasting horizons. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting Temperature Indices Density with Time‐Varying Long‐Memory Models
Authors: Caporin Massimiliano , Preś Juliusz 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe hedging of weather risks has become extremely relevant in recent years, promoting the diffusion of weather‐derivative contracts. The pricing of such contracts requires the development of appropriate models for the prediction of the underlying weather variables. Within this framework, a commonly used specification is the ARFIMA‐GARCH. We provide a generalization of such a model, introducing time‐varying memory coefficients. Our model satisfies the empirical evidence of the changing memory level observed in average temperature series, and provides useful improvements in the forecasting, simulation, and pricing issues related to weather derivatives. We present an application related to the forecast and simulation of a temperature index density, which is then used for the pricing of weather options. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aripiprazole altered plasma levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and catecholamine metabolites in first‐episode untreated Japanese schizophrenia patients
Authors: Yoshimura Reiji , Hori Hikaru , Ikenouchi‐Sugita Atsuko , Umene‐Nakano Wakako , Katsuki Asuka , Hayashi Kenji , Atake Kiyokazu , Tomita Masaru , Nakamura Jun 
Published: December 2011

ObjectiveWe investigated the effects of aripiprazole on plasma levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and catecholamine metabolites in first‐episode untreated schizophrenia patients.MethodsThe subjects were 50 Japanese first‐episode untreated schizophrenia patients who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Text Revision criteria and were treated with aripiprazole monotherapy. Twenty‐nine were males, and 21 were females. The age ranged from 21 to 42 years (mean ± SD; 30.8 ± 5.3 years). Plasma BDNF and catecholamine metabolites were measured by ELISA and HPLC, respectively. Psychiatric symptoms were evaluated using by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.ResultsTreatment with aripiprazole for 8 weeks significantly increased plasma BDNF levels. It also changed plasma levels of homovanillic acid and 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol. A negative correlation was also observed between duration of psychosis and plasma BDNF levels. No correlation was observed however between plasma BDNF levels and the dose of aripiprazole.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that aripiprazole increases plasma BDNF levels in first‐episode untreated schizophrenia patients. Furthermore, the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was independent of the response to aripiprazole. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The permeability of silicone rubber to metal compounds: Relevance to implanted devices
Authors: Donaldson Nick , Baviskar Preeti , Cunningham Jim , Wilson Darren 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMost implanted electrical devices use encapsulant as insulation. The encapsulant may remain functional for many years, bonded to the metallic surfaces, but eventually become partly detached allowing corrosion to occur. To understand whether the corrosion products will cause toxic effects, we need to know how quickly they will permeate through the encapsulant. In these experiments, silicone capsules (the encapsulant) containing metal compounds were left in jars of initially pure water for 6 months, and the concentration of the metal in the water was measured. The amount of metal depended on the type of compound; for the organometallic compounds tested, permeation was very rapid. However, for most of the other compounds, whether oxides or salts, the amount of metal was below the control level and therefore could have been the result of contamination. These compounds were tin sulfate and oxide (<102), lead nitrate and oxide (<102), copper sulfate (<103), and nitrates of bismuth (<101), chrome (<102), nickel (<103) and zinc (<102). The numbers in brackets are the maximum mass (ng) of permeated metal after 6 months. Three silver compounds were tested but without proper controls; however, the amount of permeated silver appeared to be low: silver oxide (1.3 × 102), silver nitrate (6.3 × 101), and silver chloride (6 × 100). The resolution of this method is limited by contamination that is detected by control capsules. The conclusion is that compounds that are likely corrosion products permeate through silicone encapsulant at a low rate and seem unlikely to cause toxic effects. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Ion permeable microcapsules for the release of biologically available ions for remineralization
Authors: Davidson Michael T. , Greving Theresa A. , McHale William A. , Latta Mark A. , Gross Stephen M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of chemical structure, ion concentration, and ion type on the release rate of biologically available ions useful for remineralization from microcapsules with ion permeable membranes. A heterogeneous polymerization technique was utilized to prepare microcapsules containing either an aqueous solution of K2HPO4, Ca(NO3)2, or NaF. Six different polyurethane‐based microcapsule shells were prepared and characterized based on ethylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, octanediol, triethylene glycol, and bisphenol A structural units. Ion release profiles were measured as a function of initial ion concentration within the microcapsule, ion type, and microcapsule chemical structure. The rate of ion release increased with initial concentration of ion stored in the microcapsule over a range of 0.5–3.0M. The monomer used in the synthesis of the membrane had a significant effect on ion release rates at 3.0M salt concentration. At 1.0M, the ethylene glycol released ions significantly faster than the hexanediol‐, octanediol‐, and butanediol‐based microcapsules. Ion release was fastest for fluoride and slowest for phosphate for the salts used in this study. It was concluded that the microcapsules are capable of releasing calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions in their biologically available form. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Transferable crosslinked chitosan membranes for human melanocyte culture
Authors: Xu Siyuan , Dong Dong , Wang Wen‐Jun , Fu Lifang , Xu Aie 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDevelopment of transferable biocompatible membranes, which can be used for melanocyte culture and transplantation, is considered a feasible approach to increase the success rate for vitiliginous treatment. In this study, a crosslinked chitosan membrane (CCM) was produced via physical crosslinking of chitosan with sodium sulfate. The physical and mechanical properties as well as growth and phenotype expression of melanocytes on the CCM were investigated. The CCM supported growth and proliferation of melanocytes with the existence of melanin granules in the cytoplasm. The melanocytes remained active after transplantation. The CCM absorbed water approximately doubled from its original weight and permitted ∼2400 g/m2 per day of water vapor transmission, suggesting that the CCM can function as an efficient wound dressing. Dynamic mechanical and tensile measurement results showed that the CCM possessed favorable wet strength for cell culture, separation, transfer, and transplantation application. This transferable CCM has the potential to be applied for vitiligo treatment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Evaluation of chemically modified SLA implants (modSLA) biofunctionalized with integrin (RGD)‐ and heparin (KRSR)‐binding peptides
Authors: Broggini Nina , Tosatti Samuele , Ferguson Stephen J. , Schuler Martin , Textor Marcus , Bornstein Michael M. , Bosshardt Dieter D. , Buser Daniel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEnhancing osseointegration through surface immobilization of multiple short peptide sequences that mimic extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) and lysine–arginine–serine–arginine (KRSR), has not yet been extensively explored. Additionally, the effect of biofunctionalizing chemically modified sandblasted and acid‐etched surfaces (modSLA) is unknown. The present study evaluated modSLA implant surfaces modified with RGD and KRSR for potentially enhanced effects on bone apposition and interfacial shear strength during early stages of bone regeneration. Two sets of experimental implants were placed in the maxillae of eight miniature pigs, known for their rapid wound healing kinetics: bone chamber implants creating two circular bone defects for histomorphometric analysis on one side and standard thread configuration implants for removal torque testing on the other side. Three different biofunctionalized modSLA surfaces using poly‐L‐lysine‐graft‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL‐g‐PEG) as a carrier minimizing nonspecific protein adsorption [(i) 20 pmol cm−2 KRSR alone (KRSR); or in combination with RGD in two different concentrations; (ii) 0.05 pmol cm−2 RGD (KRSR/RGD‐1); (iii) 1.26 pmol cm−2 RGD (KRSR/RGD‐2)] were compared with (iv) control modSLA. Animals were sacrificed at 2 weeks. Removal torque values (701.48–780.28 N mm), bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) (35.22%–41.49%), and new bone fill (28.58%–30.62%) demonstrated no significant differences among treatments. It may be concluded that biofunctionalizing modSLA surfaces with KRSR and RGD derivatives of PLL‐g‐PEG polymer does not increase BIC, bone fill, or interfacial shear strength. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Quantification of the effect of osteolytic metastases on bone strain within whole vertebrae using image registration
Authors: Hardisty Michael R. , Akens Margarete K. , Hojjat Seyed‐Parsa , Yee Albert , Whyne Cari M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe vertebral column is the most frequent site of metastatic involvement of the skeleton with up to 1/3 of all cancer patients developing spinal metastases. Longer survival times for patients, particularly secondary to breast cancer, have increased the need for better understanding the impact of skeletal metastases on structural stability. This study aims to apply image registration to calculate strain distributions in metastatically involved rodent vertebrae utilizing µCT imaging. Osteolytic vertebral lesions were developed in five rnu/rnu rats 2–3 weeks post intracardiac injection with MT‐1 human breast cancer cells. An image registration algorithm was used to calculate and compare strain fields due to axial compressive loading in metastatically involved and control vertebrae. Tumor‐bearing vertebrae had greatly increased compressive strains, double the magnitude of strain compared to control vertebrae (p = 0.01). Qualitatively strain concentrated within the growth plates in both tumor bearing and control vertebrae. Most interesting was the presence of strain concentrations at the dorsal wall in metastatically involved vertebrae, suggesting structural instability. Strain distributions, quantified by image registration were consistent with known consequences of lytic involvement. Metastatically involved vertebrae had greater strain magnitude than control vertebrae. Strain concentrations at the dorsal wall in only the metastatic vertebrae, were consistent with higher incidence of burst fracture secondary to this pathology. Future use of image registration of whole vertebrae will allow focused examination of the efficacy of targeted and systemic treatments in reducing strains and the related risk of fracture in pathologic bones under simple and complex loading. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1032–1039, 2012
Shoulder muscle activation and coordination in patients with a massive rotator cuff tear: An electromyographic study
Authors: Hawkes David H. , Alizadehkhaiyat Omid , Kemp Graham J. , Fisher Anthony C. , Roebuck Margaret M. , Frostick Simon P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAdaptive muscle activation strategies following a massive rotator cuff tear (MRCT) are inadequately understood, and the relationship among muscles during everyday activities has not been considered. Thirteen healthy subjects comprised the control group, and 11 subjects with a MRCT the patient group. Upper limb function was assessed using the Functional Impairment test‐hand, neck, shoulder, and arm (FIT‐HaNSA). Electromyography (EMG) was recorded from 13 shoulder muscles, comprising five muscle groups, during a shelf‐lifting task. Mean FIT‐HaNSA scores were significantly lower in MRCT patients (p ≤ 0.001), reflecting a severe functional deficit. In MRCT patients, EMG signal amplitude was significantly higher for the biceps brachii‐brachioradialis (p < 0.001), upper trapezius‐serratus anterior (p = 0.025), muscle groups and for the latissimus dorsi (p = 0.010), and teres major (p = 0.007) muscles. No significant differences in the correlation among muscle groups were identified, pointing to an unchanged neuromuscular strategy following a tear. In MRCT patients, a reorganization of muscle activation strategy along the upper limb kinetic chain is aimed at reducing demand on the glenohumeral joint. Increased activation of the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles is an attempt to compensate for the deficient rotator cuff. Re‐education towards an alternate neuromuscular control strategy appears necessary to restore function. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1140–1146, 2012
Biomimicking Polysaccharide Nanofibers Promote Vascular Phenotypes: A Potential Application for Vascular Tissue Engineering
Authors: Shi Liya , Aid Rachida , Le Visage Catherine , Chew Sing Yian 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe potential of electrospun pullulan/dextran (P/D) nanofibers (average diameter = 323 nm) for vascular tissue engineering applications is explored. The mechanical properties of the nanofibers are of the same order of magnitude as that of human arteries (Young's modulus ≈0.88 MPa; tensile strength ≈0.35 MPa). It is demonstrated that the nanofiber topography enables cell adhesion and that the endothelial phenotype is maintained on the nanofibers. Moreover, P/D nanofibers support a stable confluent monolayer of endothelial cells over 14 d. SMCs seeded on nanofibers display similar levels of alpha smooth muscle actin and a lower proliferation rate than cells on 2D cultures. The observations suggest that nanofibers promote a shift to a quiescent contractile phenotype in SMCs.magnified image
Highly Exfoliated Natural Rubber/Clay Composites by “Propping‐Open Procedure”: The Influence of Fatty‐Acid Chain Length on Exfoliation
Authors: Rooj Sandip , Das Amit , Stöckelhuber Klaus Werner , Reuter Uta , Heinrich Gert 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA high degree of exfoliation of MMT in NR is achieved by using the so‐called “propping‐open approach” in which a stepwise expansion of the interlayer spacing of MMT takes place. The nanostructure is characterized by WAXD and TEM which indicate different extents of clay dispersion depending on the fatty‐acid chain length. Curing kinetics of different nanocomposites is studied and interestingly low activation energies of the vulcanization process are observed in the case of NR/EMMT nanocomposites. The incorporation of EMMT dramatically affects composite properties whereas DMA indicates significant reduction of tan δ peak height and the tensile strength approximately doubles from 14 to 30 MPa with only 5 phr EMMT.magnified image
Modeling of fluid–solid interaction in granular media with coupled lattice Boltzmann/discrete element methods: application to piping erosion
Authors: Lominé Franck , Scholtès Luc , Sibille Luc , Poullain Philippe 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYIn this article, we present a numerical method to deal with fluid–solid interactions and simulate particle–fluid systems as encountered in soils. This method is based on a coupling between two methods, now widely used in mechanics of granular media and fluid dynamics respectively: the discrete element (DE) method and the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method. The DE method is employed to model interactions between particles, whereas the LB method is used to describe an interstitial Newtonian fluid flow. The coupling presented here is a full one in the sense that particle motions act on fluid flow and reciprocally. This article presents in details each of the two methods and the principle of the coupling scheme. Determination of hydrodynamic forces and torques is also detailed, and the treatment of boundaries is explained. The coupled method is finally illustrated on a simple example of piping erosion, which puts in evidence that the combined LB–DE scheme constitutes a promising tool to study coupled problems in geomechanics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consolidation analysis of saturated multi‐layered soils with anisotropic permeability caused by a point sink
Authors: Ai Zhi Yong , Zeng Wen Ze 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents the analytical layer‐element method to analyze the consolidation of saturated multi‐layered soils caused by a point sink by considering the anisotropy of permeability. Starting from the governing equations of the problem, the solutions of displacements and stresses for a single soil layer are obtained in the Laplace–Hankel transformed domain. Then, the analytical layer‐element method is utilized to further derive the solutions for the saturated multi‐layered soils in the transformed domain by combining with the boundary conditions of the soil system and continuity conditions between adjacent layers. The actual solutions in the physical domain can be acquired by the inversion of Laplace–Hankel transform. Numerical results are carried out to show the accuracy and stability of the proposed method and evaluate the influence of sink depth and anisotropic permeability on excess pore pressure and surface settlement. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.