bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Induced Supraglottitis: A Case Series
Authors: Gascon Laurence , Benyo Sarah , Nelson Rebecca C. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo report a series of two cases of unusual airway complications with immunotherapy.MethodCase series and review of literature.ResultsWe report two cases of significant supraglottitis in patients treated with immunotherapy. The first patient is a 62‐year‐old male receiving treatment for a stage 4 melanoma with Nivolumab and Relatlimab. He presented in Otolaryngology clinic for subacute dysphonia and dysphagia. Flexible laryngoscopy showed significant airway edema, mucopurulent secretions, and inflammation. He was admitted inpatient and treated with high dose systemic steroids and intravenous antibiotics. Daily airway examination with flexible laryngoscopy showed improvement with this medical management. The patient was discharged with antibiotics and a steroid taper. Treatment with immunotherapy was held due to this severe and potentially life‐threatening complication. The second patient is a 76‐year‐old male with bladder cancer treated with Pembrolizumab. Four months after beginning treatment, he experienced hoarseness and throat discomfort. His laryngoscopic examination showed diffuse supraglottic swelling. He was treated inpatient with high dose systemic steroids, intravenous antibiotics, and antifungals, which resulted in improvement of supraglottic swelling. He remained on his immunotherapy treatment. Repeat examination demonstrated persistent supraglottic swelling without airway obstruction. Regarding airway‐related complications with immunotherapy, the literature reports three other cases of tracheitis related to immune checkpoint inhibitors.ConclusionThis is the first case series of supraglottitis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. This adds to the emerging literature of the potential respiratory implications of these medications. Laryngoscope, 134:4304–4306, 2024
High rates of erosion on a wave‐exposed fringing coral reef
Authors: Thomson Damian P. , Dee Shannon , Doropoulos Christopher , Orr Melanie , Wilson Shaun K. , Hoey Andrew S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractErosion is a key process in shaping the physical structure of coral reefs, yet due to erosion being semi‐cryptic and difficult to quantify, information remains limited. Here, we investigate erosional processes along Ningaloo Reef, an extensive fringing coral reef in Western Australia. We employed both direct and indirect methods to measure erosion in wave‐exposed reef slopes and protected lagoonal habitats. Direct measurements of erosion on coral blocks were among the highest found globally, with total erosion of 3.07 kg m−2 yr−1 (4% from micro, 0.6% from macro, and 94% from external), whilst indirect rates were estimated at 2.4 ± 0.20 kg m−2 yr−1 (78% from parrotfish, 22% from urchins). Indirect erosion rates were influenced by the species and size of parrotfish, with Chlorurus microrhinos removing 0.44 ± 0.19 kg m−2 yr−1 (22% of parrotfish erosion). Scanning electron microscopy and computed tomography show that micro and macroborer erosion contributions to direct erosion were low, most likely due to heavy grazing by parrotfish and the short deployment period of experimental substrates. A substantial portion of external erosion on blocks (0.53 ± 0.23 kg m−2 yr−1) could not be attributed to bioeroders and was poorly correlated with wave exposure, suggesting processes not quantified contribute to this unaccounted aspect of erosion. Our results confirm that bioerosion by parrotfish is especially significant at Ningaloo Reef, and large‐bodied individuals of C. microrhinos are key in conserving this key ecological process.
The effect of green influencer message characteristics: Framing, construal, and timing
Authors: König Sarah , Maier Erik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research explores the characteristics of green influencer messages on follower engagement by examining the interplay between message framing (gain vs. loss), construal level (high vs. low), and post timing (weekdays vs. weekends). Green influencers (also: greenfluencers or sustainable influencers) are considered a key agent for a change to more sustainable consumption. A pilot field study of 1000 green influencers, however, indicates that the current communication practices of green influencers (which strongly focus on gain frames, low construal, and posts during the week) are not ideal for maximizing engagement and sustainable behavioral intentions. Two experiments replicate this finding and establish the process through which green influencer posts affect engagement: gain frames increase fluency, which increases engagement; low construal levels decrease psychological distance, which increases engagement. Timing moderates these processes in that weekend posts increase the engagement with gain frames and week posts increase the engagement with low‐construal frames. These findings highlight that there is no silver bullet in green influencer messages, but that green influencers need to adapt the framing and construal of their messages to the posts' timing to increase their contribution to more sustainable lifestyles and the greater good.
Welfare effects of variable and fixed cost subsidies in profit, non‐profit and mixed markets
Authors: Jegers Marc , Buts Caroline , Van Puyvelde Stijn 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhereas various support mechanisms are in place to correct market failures, knowledge on their welfare effects is still incomplete. This paper, applying a Bertrand approach, studies and compares the effects of variable and fixed cost subsidies on consumer surplus, producer surplus, total surplus and total surplus net of distorting tax effects (‘overall surplus’) in three different market settings: a for‐profit duopoly, a duopoly with two non‐profit organisations and a mixed duopoly, the duopolists in each case supplying mutually exclusive goods or services. In a for‐profit duopoly, more variable cost subsidies lead to an increase of both consumer and producer surpluses, where the latter is impacted most. The higher the level of demand interaction between the two products, the higher the welfare impact. In the non‐profit setting, we establish that the effects of changing fixed cost subsidies on the fiscal cost are more substantial than in the for‐profit duopoly. Subsidies in mixed competition also generate an impact on both producer and consumer surpluses. The effects on overall surplus are shown to depend in complex ways on the level of demand interaction between the products, the shadow cost of taxation and the firms' cost levels.
Efficient proton arc optimization and delivery through energy layer pre‐selection and post‐filtering
Authors: Wuyckens Sophie , Wase Viktor , Marthin Otte , Sundström Johan , Janssens Guillaume , Borderias‐Villarroel Elena , Souris Kevin , Sterpin Edmond , Engwall Erik , Lee John A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundProton arc therapy (PAT) has emerged as a promising approach for improving dose distribution, but also enabling simpler and faster treatment delivery in comparison to conventional proton treatments. However, the delivery speed achievable in proton arc relies on dedicated algorithms, which currently do not generate plans with a clear speed‐up and sometimes even result in increased delivery time.PurposeThis study aims to address the challenge of minimizing delivery time through a hybrid method combining a fast geometry‐based energy layer (EL) pre‐selection with a dose‐based EL filtering, and comparing its performance to a baseline approach without filtering.MethodsThree methods of EL filtering were developed: unrestricted, switch‐up (SU), and switch‐up gap (SU gap) filtering. The unrestricted method filters the lowest weighted EL while the SU gap filtering removes the EL around a new SU to minimize the gantry rotation braking. The SU filtering removes the lowest weighted group of EL that includes a SU. These filters were combined with the RayStation dynamic proton arc optimization framework energy layer selection and spot assignment (ELSA). Four bilateral oropharyngeal and four lung cancer patients' data were used for evaluation. Objective function values, target coverage robustness, organ‐at‐risk doses and normal tissue complication probability evaluations, as well as comparisons to intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plans, were used to assess plan quality.ResultsThe SU gap filtering algorithm performed best in five out of the eight cases, maintaining plan quality within tolerance while reducing beam delivery time, in particular for the oropharyngeal cohort. It achieved up to approximately 22% and 15% reduction in delivery time for oropharyngeal and lung treatment sites, respectively. The unrestricted filtering algorithm followed closely. In contrast, the SU filtering showed limited improvement, suppressing one or two SU without substantial delivery time shortening. Robust target coverage was kept within 1% of variation compared to the PAT baseline plan while organs‐at‐risk doses slightly decreased or kept about the same for all patients.ConclusionsThis study provides insights to accelerate PAT delivery without compromising plan quality. These advancements could enhance treatment efficiency and patient throughput.
Ultrahigh field diffusion magnetic resonance imaging uncovers intriguing microstructural changes in the adult zebrafish brain caused by Toll‐like receptor 2 genomic deletion
Authors: Singer Rico , Oganezova Ina , Hu Wanbin , Liu Li , Ding Yi , de Groot Huub J. M. , Spaink Herman P. , Alia A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractToll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) belongs to the TLR protein family that plays an important role in the immune and inflammation response system. While TLR2 is predominantly expressed in immune cells, its expression has also been detected in the brain, specifically in microglia and astrocytes. Recent studies indicate that genomic deletion of TLR2 can result in impaired neurobehavioural function. It is currently not clear if the genomic deletion of TLR2 leads to any alterations in the microstructural features of the brain. In the current study, we noninvasively assess microstructural changes in the brain of TLR2‐deficient (tlr2−/−) zebrafish using state‐of‐the art magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods at ultrahigh magnetic field strength (17.6 T). A significant increase in cortical thickness and an overall trend towards increased brain volumes were observed in young tlr2−/− zebrafish. An elevated T2 relaxation time and significantly reduced apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) unveil brain‐wide microstructural alterations, potentially indicative of cytotoxic oedema and astrogliosis in the tlr2−/− zebrafish. Multicomponent analysis of the ADC diffusivity signal by the phasor approach shows an increase in the slow ADC component associated with restricted diffusion. Diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging analysis revealed diminished diffusivity and enhanced kurtosis in various white matter tracks in tlr2−/− compared with control zebrafish, identifying the microstructural underpinnings associated with compromised white matter integrity and axonal degeneration. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the genomic deletion of TLR2 results in severe alterations to the microstructural features of the zebrafish brain. This study also highlights the potential of ultrahigh field diffusion MRI techniques in discerning exceptionally fine microstructural details within the small zebrafish brain, offering potential for investigating microstructural changes in zebrafish models of various brain diseases.
Multiscale enhanced non‐uniform transformation field analysis
Authors: Mishra A. , Carrara P. , Marfia S. , Sacco E. , De Lorenzis L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnhanced transformation field analysis (E‐TFA), recently proposed for reduced‐order modeling, is here formulated for and applied to multiscale analysis. The approach is able to reproduce a highly complex nonlinear macroscale behavior, resulting from a microstructure with cohesive interfaces embedded in an elasto‐plastic bulk. E‐TFA features a consistent tangent matrix in its solution procedure, which enables a straightforward definition of the upscaled tangent stiffness tensor. Numerical tests show that, compared to FE, the proposed approach yields accurate solutions at a lower computational cost.
Dismantling Christian hegemony: Religious identity as a pathway to fully embrace DEIJ in philanthropy
Authors: Drezner Noah D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis essay explores the crucial yet often overlooked role of religious identity in philanthropy, focusing on how Christian hegemony influences the sector's practices and priorities. While scholars have extensively studied the impact of social identities such as race, gender, and sexuality on philanthropic giving, the significance of religious diversity remains largely neglected. Building upon the existing literature, this essay argues that understanding and embracing religious diversity is essential for fully realizing diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ) within philanthropy.
Molecular dynamics simulation and mechanical properties study of TiO2/polyisoprene composites
Authors: Tai Zhe , Guo Zhangxin , Niu Weijing , Chai Gin Boay , Qin Chen , Li Yongcun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, the molecular structure and mechanical properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2)/polyisoprene (PI) composites were investigated using molecular dynamics simulation methods. Firstly, the models of TiO2 particles and PI matrix were constructed and optimized using Materials Studio software. The molecular structure evolution of the material at different temperatures and loading conditions was obtained by Lammps simulation, and the interaction mechanism between TiO2 particles and PI molecules was analyzed. The tensile and compressive mechanical properties of TiO2/PI composite materials were studied, and simulation results showed that the addition of TiO2 particles significantly improved the mechanical properties of the composite material, increasing its elastic modulus and tensile strength. The mechanical behavior of TiO2/PI composite materials under different loading conditions was further elucidated. In addition, the influence of temperature on the mechanical properties of TiO2/PI composite materials was also studied. Simulation results showed that the composite materials exhibited good thermal stability and mechanical properties at lower temperatures. In conclusion, this study provides an in‐depth investigation of the molecular structure evolution and mechanical properties of TiO2/PI composites through molecular dynamics simulations, which provides theoretical guidance for optimizing their properties in practical applications.Highlights
Explored titanium dioxide (TiO2)/polyisoprene (PI) composite mechanics at the molecular level.
Revealed the interaction mechanism between TiO2 particles and PI.
Studied composite material mechanics under diverse loads.
Stress–strain curves to analyze the deformation behavior.
Studied temperature and strain rate effects on mechanical properties.
Mechanical performance of denture acrylic resin modified with poly(4‐styrenesulfonic acid‐co‐maleic anhydride) sodium salt and strontium titanate
Authors: Elhmali Houda Taher , Stajcic Ivana , Petrovic Milos , Jankovic Bojan , Simovic Bojana , Stajcic Aleksandar , Radojevic Vesna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSince acrylate‐based materials are widely used in dentistry, their drawbacks such as low impact resistance and hardness, require continuous research in the field of materials science in order to avoid sudden fracture caused by chewing or fall. In this study, auto‐polymerizing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), commonly used as denture base material, was reinforced with poly(4‐styrenesulfonic acid‐co‐maleic anhydride) sodium salt (PSSMA) and strontium titanate (STO), with the aim of improving impact behavior and microhardness. Morphological analysis confirmed formation of phase‐separated and co‐continuous microscopic structures of PSSMA in PMMA, without visible agglomerates of STO nanoparticles, indicating that PSSMA‐STO interaction contributed to a better distribution of nanoparticles. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy revealed that PSSMA and STO did not interfere in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate. This was further supported by thermal analysis, which also showed that the addition of PSSMA and STO had no significant influence on thermal degradation. On the other side, PSSMA and STO significantly enhanced mechanical performance of PMMA. The modulus of elasticity increased by up to 48.6%, total absorbed impact energy improved by up to 108.4%, and microhardness increased by up to 272.8% when PSSMA was combined with STO for reinforcing denture PMMA. These results demonstrate the significant potential of PSSMA, which could be combined with other ceramic nanoparticles for denture reinforcement in the future.Highlights
This research presents novel dental hybrid composite.
Influence of strontium titanate (STO) and poly(4‐styrenesulfonic acid‐co‐maleic anhydride) sodium salt (PSSMA) on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was investigated.
PSSMA/STO improved modulus of elasticity, microhardness and impact resistance.
Sample with 5 wt% PSSMA and 1 wt% STO showed the highest improvement compared to PMMA.
Presented hybrid composite could use as denture base material.
Integrating UPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS and UPLC‐DAD to evaluate the influence of sulfur‐fumigated Paeoniae Radix Alba on the overall quality of three Si‐Wu‐Tang formulations
Authors: Wang Jun‐Jie , Hao Cai‐Feng , Huang Pei‐Yao , Qin Xiang‐Ling , Zhou Shan‐Shan , Xu Jin‐Di , Mao Qian , Li Song‐Lin , Kong Ming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionSulfur‐fumigation of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA) could induce the chemical transformation of its bioactive component paeoniflorin into a sulfur‐containing derivative paeoniflorin sulfite, and thus alter the quality, bioactivities, pharmacokinetics, and toxicities of PRA. However, how sulfur‐fumigated PRA (S‐PRA) affects the quality of PRA‐containing complex preparations has not been intensively evaluated.ObjectivesWe intend to evaluate the influence of S‐PRA on the overall quality of three kinds of Si‐Wu‐Tang (SWT) formulations, i.e., decoction (SWT‐D), granule (SWT‐G), and mixture (SWT‐M).Material and MethodsAn UPLC‐DAD multi‐components quantification method was used to compare the transfer rates of paeoniflorin sulfite and other 10 bioactive components between S‐PRA‐containing and NS‐PRA‐containing SWT formulations. An UPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS‐based target metabolomics approach was applied to explore the differential sulfur‐containing derivatives in S‐PRA‐containing SWT formulations.ResultsThe transfer rates of paeoniflorin sulfite in three S‐PRA‐containing SWT formulations were all higher than 100%. Moreover, S‐PRA also increased the transfer rate of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, 1,2,3,4,6‐O‐pentagalloylglucose, whereas decreased that of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, and ferulic acid in three SWT formulations. Six pinane monoterpene glucoside sulfites originally identified in S‐PRA, were also detectable in three S‐PRA‐containing SWT formulations. In addition, seven phenolic acid sulfites including (3Z)‐6‐sulfite‐ligustilide, (3E)‐6‐sulfite‐ligustilide, 6,8‐disulfite‐ligustilide, ferulic acid sulfite, neochlorogenic acid sulfite, chlorogenic acid sulfite, and angelicide sulfite (or isomer) were newly identified in these three S‐PRA‐containing formulations.ConclusionS‐PRA could differentially affect the transfer rate of paeoniflorin sulfite and other bioactive components during the preparation of three SWT formulations and subsequently the overall quality thereof.
The sensitivity of the ICD‐11 trait model to the symptoms of clinical disorders in young adults
Authors: Khazaie Habibolah , Rezaei Farzin , Faridmarandi Behrooz , Zakiei Ali , Jananeh Minoo , Mahdavi Sahar , Nazari Amin , Komasi Saeid 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHierarchical psychopathology contributes to providing a broader picture of the links between emerging personality structures such as the DSM‐5/ICD‐11 trait models and clinical disorders. The present study aimed to predict the specific and general clinical symptoms by the less studied constructs of the ICD‐11 model (negative affectivity, detachment, dissociality, disinhibition, and anankastia). Data from 642 young adults from Iran (63% female, 18–34 years) were collected by three mental symptom scales and the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 (PID‐5), which was recently used to harmonize the constructs of the DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 trait models. Multiple linear regressions showed that the ICD‐11 model significantly predicted both the specific clinical symptoms (ranging from R2 = 0.15 to 0.40) and the general factor of clinical symptoms extracted by exploratory factor analysis (R2 = 0.40, all p < 0.001). Negative affectivity was the strongest construct correlated with both the specific symptoms (ranging from β = 0.36 to 0.69) and the general symptom factor (β = 0.59, all p < 0.001). Because the ICD‐11 trait model is a practical structure related to the clinical psychopathology in young adults, screening for maladaptive traits can help clinicians in case formulation for diagnosis and treatment.
Understanding bacterial pathogen diversity: A proteogenomic analysis and use of an array of genome assemblies to identify novel virulence factors of the honey bee bacterial pathogen Paenibacillus larvae
Authors: Erban Tomas , Sopko Bruno 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMass spectrometry proteomics data are typically evaluated against publicly available annotated sequences, but the proteogenomics approach is a useful alternative. A single genome is commonly utilized in custom proteomic and proteogenomic data analysis. We pose the question of whether utilizing numerous different genome assemblies in a search database would be beneficial. We reanalyzed raw data from the exoprotein fraction of four reference Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) I–IV genotypes of the honey bee bacterial pathogen Paenibacillus larvae and evaluated them against three reference databases (from NCBI‐protein, RefSeq, and UniProt) together with an array of protein sequences generated by six‐frame direct translation of 15 genome assemblies from GenBank. The wide search yielded 453 protein hits/groups, which UpSet analysis categorized into 50 groups based on the success of protein identification by the 18 database components. Nine hits that were not identified by a unique peptide were not considered for marker selection, which discarded the only protein that was not identified by the reference databases. We propose that the variability in successful identifications between genome assemblies is useful for marker mining. The results suggest that various strains of P. larvae can exhibit specific traits that set them apart from the established genotypes ERIC I–V.