bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzymatically Asymmetrised Chiral Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Complex Natural Product Analogues: The Synthesis of Dynemicin Analogues from 2‐(Quinolin‐4‐yl)propane‐1,3‐diol
Authors: Riva Renata , Banfi Luca , Basso Andrea , Gandolfo Valentina , Guanti Giuseppe 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFull details of our synthetic approaches directed towards the enantioselective synthesis of new dynemicin analogues each containing a side‐arm (a “handle”) incorporating a protected alcohol are reported.
Association of two single‐isomer anionic CD in NACE for the chiral and achiral separation of fenbendazole, its sulphoxide and sulphone metabolites: Application to their determination after in vitro metabolism
Authors: Rousseau Anne , Gillotin Florian , Chiap Patrice , Crommen Jacques , Fillet Marianne , Servais Anne‐Catherine 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA NACE method was developed for the separation of fenbendazole (FBZ), a prochiral drug giving rise to chiral (oxfendazole or OFZ) and nonchiral (FBZ sulphone or FBZSO2) metabolites. First, the effect of the nature and the concentration of CD as well as that of the acidic BGE on the enantiomeric separation of OFZ were studied. OFZ enantiomers were completely resolved using a BGE made up of 10 mM ammonium formate and 0.5 M TFA in methanol containing 10 mM heptakis(2,3‐di‐O‐acetyl‐6‐O‐sulfo)‐β‐CD and 10 mM heptakis(2,3‐di‐O‐methyl‐6‐O‐sulfo)‐β‐CD. Moreover, the NACE method was found to be particularly well suited to the simultaneous determination of FBZ, OFZ enantiomers, and FBZSO2. Thiabendazole was selected as an internal standard. The CD‐NACE potential was then evaluated for in vitro metabolism studies using FBZ as a model case. The OFZ enantiomers and FBZSO2 could be detected after incubation of FBZ in the phenobarbital‐induced male rat liver microsomes systems.
Batch and column removal of total chromium from aqueous solution using Sargassum polycystum
Authors: Senthilkumar R. , Vijayaraghavan K. , Jegan J. , Velan M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA marine brown alga, Sargassum polycystum, showed high‐chromium biosorption capacity in batch and column mode of operation. The biosorbent performance was strongly influenced by equilibrium solution pH, with pH 2 as optimal condition for Cr biosorption. Isotherm experiments revealed that S. polycystum possessed a maximum chromium uptake of 69.4 mg/g at pH 2. The pseudo‐second order model was found to describe the chromium kinetic biosorption data with high‐correlation coefficients compared with pseudo‐first order model. Various thermodynamic parameters, such as ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°, were calculated, indicating that the present system was a spontaneous and endothermic process. A packed column was used to study the continuous chromium biosorption performance of S. polycystum. The biosorbent performance was evaluated at different bed heights (15–25 cm) and flow rates (5–15 mL/min). Favorable conditions for Cr biosorption were observed at the highest bed height (25 cm) and lowest flow rate (5 mL/min); at which the Cr uptake and percent removal were recorded as 29.1 mg/g and 63.3%, respectively. Mathematical modeling of column experimental data was performed, using nonlinear forms of the Thomas and modified‐dose‐response models; with the latter able to describe the breakthrough curves with high‐correlation coefficients. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Study on production of an auxiliary agent of coagulation using waste polystyrene foam and its application to remove phenol from coking plant effluent
Authors: Sun Hong , Zhang Ze , Song Limin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWaste of polystyrene foam was converted into an anion auxiliary agent of coagulation and was used for the removal of phenol from coking plant effluent. Waste of polystyrene foam was crushed into small pieces and immersed into a solution of 98% sulfuric acid to attach sulfonic groups to polymer chain, which were responsible for the exchange properties of the modified plastic into a water‐soluble polymer, polystyrene sulfate (PSS). The anion auxiliary agent of coagulation capacity was determined. The influences of pH, sedimentation time, and concentration of PSS on the treatment of phenol effluent from coking plant were studied in this article. Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and PSS were used as flocculants. The flocculation performance increased significantly with the concentration of PSS. When PSS in effluent increased from 5 to 20 mg/L, the removal rate of phenol increased from 27 to 96% by treating with PAC of 20 mg/L at 25°C, while the removal rate decreased from 96 to 86% when the PSS concentration was 60 mg/L. Although the flocculation effect of PAC was excellent, the floc was abundant, small, loose, and unstable, while PSS was less abundant and more stable. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Physicochemical characterization and use of wastes from stainless steel mill
Authors: Domínguez M.I. , Romero‐Sarria F. , Centeno M.A. , Odriozola J.A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSeveral types of wastes are produced during the manufacture of stainless steel (slags, refractory bricks, and dust). Most of these wastes are not recycled but stored in security deposits or landfills depending on their environmental danger. This article reports the study of the physicochemical and mineralogical properties of stainless steel wastes. Their possible uses are also discussed. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Development and Evaluation of Gas Diffusion Layer Using Paraffin Wax Carbon for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Cindrella L. , Kannan A. M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA gas diffusion layer (GDL) with carbon prepared from paraffin wax was developed for the first time to impart hydrophobicity and porosity for fuel cell application. It is also intended to reduce the non‐functional binder content in the microporous layer and to achieve optimum performance. The topography of the GDL was examined using 3D digital microscope. Membrane electrodes assemblies (MEAs) fabricated with GDLs of paraffin wax carbon (PWC) based microporous layer were evaluated in proton exchange membrane fuel cell between 50 and 100% RH conditions using H2 and O2 at ambient pressure. The fuel cell performance of the GDLs fabricated with Pureblack carbon was also evaluated under identical operating conditions for comparison. It was observed that the MEA with GDLs containing PWC showed excellent fuel cell performance at all RH conditions at 80 °C both with H2/O2.
Optimized nanosecond pulsed electric field therapy can cause murine malignant melanomas to self‐destruct with a single treatment
Authors: Nuccitelli Richard , Tran Kevin , Sheikh Saleh , Athos Brian , Kreis Mark , Nuccitelli Pamela 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe have identified a new, nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) therapy capable of eliminating murine melanomas located in the skin with a single treatment. When these optimized parameters are used, nsPEFs initiate apoptosis without hyperthermia. We have developed new suction electrodes that are compatible with human skin and have applied them to a xenograft nude mouse melanoma model system to identify the optimal field strength, pulse frequency and pulse number for the treatment of murine melanomas. A single treatment using the optimal pulse parameters (2,000 pulses, 100 ns in duration, 30 kV/cm in amplitude at a pulse frequency of 5–7 pulses/sec) eliminated all 17 melanomas treated with those parameters in 4 mice. This was the highest pulse frequency that we could use without raising the treated skin tumor temperature above 40°C. We also demonstrate that the effects of nsPEF therapy are highly localized to only cells located between electrodes and results in very little scarring of the nsPEF‐treated skin.
Monitoring the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis using L. major expressing GFP
Authors: Latorre‐Esteves Elena , Akilov Oleg E. , Rai Prakash , Beverley Stephen M. , Hasan Tayyaba 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis with green fluorescent protein positive (GFP+) L. major enables the monitoring of parasitic load via measurements of GFP fluorescence intensity, allowing for a faster and more efficient way of monitoring the clinical outcome of photodynamic therapy (PDT). This model may provide new insights on the phototoxic aspects in PDT. Although PDT regimens may be somewhat different in humans, it is expected that the developed model will facilitate the optimization and clinical translation of PDT as a therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis and the eventual development of topical PDT treatments for other granulomatous infections. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Genetic and hormonal control of bone volume, architecture, and remodeling in XXY mice
Authors: Liu Peter Y , Kalak Robert , Lue YanHe , Jia Yue , Erkkila Krista , Zhou Hong , Seibel Markus J , Wang Christina , Swerdloff Ronald S , Dunstan Colin R 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Klinefelter syndrome is the most common chromosomal aneuploidy in men (XXY karyotype, 1 in 600 live births) and results in testicular (infertility and androgen deficiency) and nontesticular (cognitive impairment and osteoporosis) deficits. The extent to which skeletal changes are due to testosterone deficiency or arise directly from gene overdosage cannot be determined easily in humans. To answer this, we generated XXY mice through a four-generation breeding scheme. Eight intact XXY and 9 XY littermate controls and 8 castrated XXY mice and 8 castrated XY littermate controls were euthanized at 1 year of age. Castration occurred 6 months prior to killing. A third group of 9 XXY and 11 XY littermates were castrated and simultaneously implanted with a 1-cm Silastic testosterone capsule 8 weeks prior to sacrifice. Tibias were harvested from all three groups and examined by micro–computed tomography and histomorphometry. Blood testosterone concentration was assayed by radioimmunoassay. Compared with intact XY controls, intact androgen-deficient XXY mice had lower bone volume (6.8% ± 1.2% versus8.8% ± 1.7%, mean ± SD, p = .01) and thinner trabeculae (50 ± 4 µm versus 57 ± 5 µm, p = .007). Trabecular separation (270 ± 20 µm versus 270 ± 20 µm) or osteoclast number relative to bone surface (2.4 ± 1.0/mm2 versus 2.7 ± 1.5/mm2) did not differ significantly. Testosterone-replaced XXY mice continued to show lower bone volume (5.5% ± 2.4% versus 8.1% ± 3.5%, p = .026). They also exhibited greater trabecular separation (380 ± 69 µm versus 324 ± 62 µm, p = .040) but equivalent blood testosterone concentrations (6.3 ± 1.8 ng/mL versus 8.2 ± 4.2 ng/mL, p = .28) compared with testosterone-replaced XY littermates. In contrast, castration alone drastically decreased bone volume (p &lt; .001), trabecular thickness (p = .05), and trabecular separation (p &lt; .01) to such a great extent that differences between XXY and XY mice were undetectable. In conclusion, XXY mice replicate many features of human Klinefelter syndrome and therefore are a useful model for studying bone. Testosterone deficiency does not explain the bone phenotype because testosterone-replaced XXY mice show reduced bone volume despite similar blood testosterone levels. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Long-term clinical outcome and carrier phenotype in autosomal recessive hypophosphatemia caused by a novel DMP1 mutation
Authors: Mäkitie Outi , Pereira Renata C , Kaitila Ilkka , Turan Serap , Bastepe Murat , Laine Tero , Kröger Heikki , Cole William G , Jüppner Harald 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Homozygous inactivating mutations in DMP1 (dentin matrix protein 1), the gene encoding a noncollagenous bone matrix protein expressed in osteoblasts and osteocytes, cause autosomal recessive hypophosphatemia (ARHP). Herein we describe a family with ARHP owing to a novel homozygous DMP1 mutation and provide a detailed description of the associated skeletal dysplasia and carrier phenotype. The two adult patients with ARHP, a 78-year-old man and his 66-year-old sister, have suffered from bone pain and lower extremity varus deformities since early childhood. With increasing age, both patients developed severe joint pain, contractures, and complete immobilization of the spine. Radiographs showed short and deformed long bones, significant cranial hyperostosis, enthesopathies, and calcifications of the paraspinal ligaments. Biochemistries were consistent with hypophosphatemia owing to renal phosphate wasting; markers of bone turnover and serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) levels were increased significantly. Nucleotide sequence analysis of DMP1 revealed a novel homozygous mutation at the splice acceptor junction of exon 6 (IVS5-1G &gt; A). Two heterozygous carriers of the mutation also showed mild hypophosphatemia, and bone biopsy in one of these individuals showed focal areas of osteomalacia. In bone, DMP1 expression was absent in the homozygote but normal in the heterozygote, whereas FGF-23 expression was increased in both subjects but higher in the ARHP patient. The clinical and laboratory observations in this family confirm that DMP1 has an important role in normal skeletal development and mineral homeostasis. The skeletal phenotype in ARHP may be significantly more severe than in other forms of hypophosphatemic rickets. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Adipose tissue and volumetric bone mineral density of older Afro-Caribbean men
Authors: Yerges-Armstrong Laura M , Miljkovic Iva , Cauley Jane A , Sheu YahTyng , Gordon Christopher L , Wheeler Victor W , Bunker Clareann H , Patrick Alan L , Zmuda Joseph M 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Although low body weight is a risk factor for osteoporosis-related fractures, conflicting data exist for the association between adiposity and bone mineral density (BMD). Studies examining these relationships have measured body fat and BMD with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which cannot distinguish subcutaneous adipose tissue area (SAT) from total adiposity or trabecular from cortical bone. To investigate the relationship between adiposity and BMD further, we analyzed body composition and adipose tissue distribution by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in 1829 Afro-Caribbean men aged 40 years and older from a population-based sample. Cortical volumetric BMD, muscle cross-sectional area, total adipose tissue area (TAT), and percentage SAT were measured at the proximal tibia. Trabecular volumetric BMD was measured at the distal tibia. We used analysis of covariance to test for associations between quartile of the adipose tissue measures and BMD, adjusting for anthropometric, health, and lifestyle factors. Higher TAT was associated with lower cortical BMD in both unadjusted and adjusted models (p &lt; .001). Men with a higher percentage SAT had greater cortical BMD (p &lt; .001). Similar associations were seen between percent SAT and trabecular BMD at the distal tibia. These results indicate that total adiposity is a potentially important correlate of bone mass in older men and that different fat depots may have opposing associations with bone mass. Additional research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the relationship between body fat distribution and bone mass. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Inhibiting gastric acid production does not affect intestinal calcium absorption in young, healthy individuals: A randomized, crossover, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Wright Matthew J , Sullivan Rebecca R , Gaffney-Stomberg Erin , Caseria Donna M , O'Brien Kimberly O , Proctor Deborah D , Simpson Christine A , Kerstetter Jane E , Insogna Karl L 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most potent gastric acid suppressing drugs available, and their use is widespread. An emerging concern about chronic PPI therapy is whether these drugs impair intestinal calcium absorption, resulting in a negative calcium balance and thereby potentially causing bone loss. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of the PPI esomeprazole or placebo on intestinal calcium absorption in healthy adults. Twelve young adults participated in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. There were two 3-week interventions that included a 14-day adjustment period (designed to stabilize calcium homeostasis) followed by 6 days of a diet containing 800 mg of calcium and 2.1 g/kg of protein (intervention). During the last 3 days of the adjustment period and throughout the intervention period, subjects consumed esomeprazole or placebo. Half the subjects underwent 24-hour continuous gastric acid pH monitoring. Intestinal calcium absorption was measured using dual-stable calcium isotopes at the end of each intervention. Treatment with esomprazole significantly increased gastric pH (mean pH on PPI 5.38 ± 0.13, mean pH on placebo 2.70 ± 0.44, p = .005). Neither calcium absorption (PPI 34.2% ± 2.4%, placebo 31.5% ± 2.1%, p = .24) nor urinary calcium (PPI 321 ± 38 mg/34 hours, placebo 355 ± 37 mg/34 hours, p = .07) differed between the PPI and placebo groups. It is concluded that short-term gastric acid suppression by PPIs does not attenuate intestinal calcium absorption in healthy young adults. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Reason for cautious optimism? two studies suggesting reduced stigma against suicide
Authors: Witte Tracy K. , Smith April R. , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe present data from two studies that aimed to investigate stigma against suicide. In Study 1, we employed Milgram et al.'s (1965) “lost letter” technique. We predicted that fewer letters addressed to a fictitious organization with the word “suicide” in its name would be returned than letters addressed to fictitious heart disease or diabetes organizations, presumably due to stigma. Contrary to expectation, there were no differences in the percentage of letters returned for each condition, despite power to detect small effects. In Study 2 we compared scores on the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ; Domino, Gibson, Poling, & Westlake, 1980) from a study published in 1988 (Domino, MacGregor, & Hannah, 1988) to scores from a study conducted 19 years later. Results demonstrated reduced stigma toward suicide, with the belief that suicide is morally bad exhibiting the largest change. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: 66:1–16, 2010.
Intimate partner violence relationship dissolution among couples with children: the counterintuitive role of “Law and Order” neighborhoods
Authors: Emery Clifton R. , Jolley Jennifer , Wu Shali 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) relationship dissolution and neighborhood concentrated disadvantage, ethnic heterogeneity, residential instability, collective efficacy, and legal cynicism. Data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) Longitudinal survey were used to identify 658 cases of IPV in Wave 1. A generalized boosting model (GBM) was used to determine the best proximal predictors of relationship dissolution from the longitudinal data. Controlling for these predictors, logistic regression of neighborhood characteristics from the PHDCN community survey was used to predict IPV relationship dissolution in Wave 2. Counterintuitively, the authors find that neighborhoods high in legal cynicism have a greater likelihood of IPV relationship dissolution, controlling for other variables in the logistic regression model. However, analyses did not find that IPV relationship dissolution was related to neighborhood concentrated disadvantage, ethnic heterogeneity, residential instability, and collective efficacy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicting overt and covert antisocial behaviors: parents, peers, and homelessness
Authors: Tompsett Carolyn J. , Toro Paul A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractParental deviance, parental monitoring, and deviant peers were examined as predictors of overt and covert antisocial behaviors. Homeless (N=231) and housed (N=143) adolescents were assessed in adolescence and again in early adulthood. Homelessness predicted both types of antisocial behaviors, and effects persisted in young adulthood. Parental deviance predicted only overt antisocial behaviors in adolescence, and was fully mediated by parental monitoring. Parental monitoring predicted both types of antisocial behaviors in adolescence, and was partially mediated by peer deviance. Parenting and peer influences did not consistently predict antisocial behaviors in adulthood. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Community gardening, neighborhood meetings, and social capital
Authors: Alaimo Katherine , Reischl Thomas M. , Allen Julie Ober 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study examined associations between participation in community gardening/beautification projects and neighborhood meetings with perceptions of social capital at both the individual and neighborhood levels. Data were analyzed from a cross‐sectional stratified random telephone survey conducted in Flint, Michigan (N=1916). Hierarchical linear and logistic regression analyses were used to study associations, controlling for individual and Census block group‐level confounders. At the individual level, household involvement in community gardening/beautification activities and in neighborhood meetings were associated with residents' perceptions of bonding social capital, linking social capital, and neighborhood norms and values. Household involvement in gardening/beautification and meetings had stronger associations with residents' perceptions of social capital than did neighborhood‐level involvement measures. Results suggest involvement in neighborhood meetings augment the individual and neighborhood‐wide perceptions of social capital associated with community gardening and beautification projects. Neighborhood community gardens' impact on neighborhood residents' perceptions of social capital can be enhanced by neighborhood‐wide meetings. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solvent extraction studies of Sm(III) from nitrate medium and separation factors of rare earth elements with mixtures ofsec‐octylphenoxyacetic acid and 1,10‐phenthroline
Authors: Fan Shujuan , Song Naizhong , Jia Qiong , Liao Wuping 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Liquid–liquid extraction is widely used for the separation of rare earths, among which synergistic extraction has attracted more and more attention. Numerous types of synergistic extraction systems have been applied to rare earths with high extraction efficiency and selectivities. In the present study, mixtures ofsec‐octylphenoxyacetic acid (CA12, H2A2) and 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen, B) have been used for the extraction of rare earths from nitrate medium. The stoichiometry of samarium(III) extraction has been studied using the methods of slope analysis and constant molar ratio. The possibility of using synergistic extraction effects to separate rare earths has also been studied.RESULTS:Mixtures of CA12 and phen display synergistic effects in the extraction of rare earth elements giving maximum enhancement coefficients of 5.5 (La); 13.7 (Nd); 15.9 (Sm); 24.5 (Tb); 45.4 (Yb) and 12.3 (Y). Samarium(III) is extracted as SmHA4B3with mixtures of CA12 and phen instead of SmHA4when extracted with CA12 alone. The calculated logarithm of the equilibrium constant is 6.0 and the thermodynamic functions, ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS, have been calculated as 4.3 kJ mol−1, − 33.7 kJ mol−1and 129.7 J mol−1K−1, respectively.CONCLUSION:Mixtures of CA12 and phen exhibit synergistic effects on rare earth elements. Graphical and numerical methods have been successfully used to determine their stoichiometries. The different synergistic effects may provide the possibility of separating yttrium from heavy lanthanoids at an appropriate ratio of CA12 and phen. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry