bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cambodia’s Higher Education Development in Historical Perspectives (1863-2012)
Authors: Rany Sam , Zain Ahmad Nurulazam Md , Jamil Hazri 
Published: April 2012

Similar to other Southeast Asian countries in the world, Cambodia has established her higher education institutions to develop human capitals with high knowledge and professional ethics for serving the country in the longstanding contemporary history. Remarkably, colonization, political ideologies, and global economic development tendencies have directly influenced on Cambodian public higher education institutions within her various political regimes and social transformation. The purpose of this study is to examine the Cambodian higher education development in the seven different regimes of historical perspectives from the French colony to the present. This paper mainly uses predominantly descriptive approach with secondary sources such as academic papers, textbooks, government documents, non government organization documents, and development partner reports. Therefore, this research could be significant for researchers, academicians, and policymakers to deeper understand about Cambodian higher educational history in order to reform its system for the profits of education quality and student academic success. Keywords: Cambodia, higher education institutions, development, historical perspectives, public university, education system, tertiary education
Comparison of 3 Pupillometers for Determining Scotopic Pupil Diameter
Authors: Altan Cigdem , Kaya Vedat , Basarir Berna , Celik Ugur , Azman Engin , Akar Serpil , Demirok Ahmet , Yilmaz Omer Faruk 
Published: April 2012

Purpose. The pupil diameter under low ambient illumination is diagnostically valuable for refractive surgery. The aim of study was to compare the NeurOptics® Pupillometer, Sirius®, and Ocular Wavefront Analyser® in determining scotopic pupil diameter. Methods. A total of 96 eyes of 48 subjects were included. The scotopic pupil size was measured with 3 instruments and the measurements repeated following instillations of 1% cyclopentolate. Agreement between the instruments was assessed. Results. The mean measurement obtained by Sirius was significantly larger than Ocular Wavefront Analyser and NeurOptics. The Ocular Wavefront Analyser measured significantly smaller than the others. The mean cycloplegic pupillary diameters (7.73±0.70 mm with NeurOptics, 7.42±0.45 mm with Ocular Wavefront Analyser, and 8.06±0.76 mm with Sirius) were significantly different obtained by 3 instruments (p<0.001, for each; one-way analysis of variance and paired t tests). Conclusions The differences between measured pupil diameters with or without cycloplegia obtained by the NeurOptics, Sirius, and Ocular Wavefront Analyser were significant and have unacceptable levels of disagreement. These results may not be related to illumination and accommodation only, but also to measurement algorithms and technical differences of the devices.
Evaluation of Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction for Analysis of Phosphine Residues in Wheat
Authors: Ren Yong Lin , Padovan Benjamin , Desmarchelier James M 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In headspace (HS) analysis, a fumigant is released from a commodity into a gas-tight container by grinding, heating, or microwaves. A new technique uses HS-solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for additional preconcentration of fumigant. HS-SPME was tested for detection of phosphine (PH3), chosen for examination because of its wide use on stored commodities. PH3 was applied to 50 g wheat in separate 250 mL sealed flasks, which were equipped either with a septum for conventional HS analysis or with one of four HS-SPME fibers [100 μm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), 85 μm carboxen (CAR)/PDMS, 75 μm CAR/PDMS, and 65 μm PDMS/divinylbenzene (DVB)]. The wheat was heated at 45°C for 20 min. In conventional HS analysis, a gaseous aliquot (80 μL) was taken from the HS and injected into the GC instrument. In the HS-SPME procedure, the fiber was removed from the HS and exposed in the heated injection port of the GC instrument. In all cases, PH3 was determined under the same chromatographic conditions with a GC pulsed flame photometric detector. In a comparison of the efficacy of the fibers, the bipolar fibers (CAR/PDMS and PDMS/DVB) contained more PH3 than the aliquot in the conventional HS analysis; larger size bipolar fibers extracted PH3 more efficiently than smaller fibers (e.g., 85 &gt; 75 &gt; 65 μm). The nonpolar fiber (PDMS) contained no PH3. Four fortification levels of PH3 on wheat were tested: 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.3 μg/g. The response of each bipolar fiber increased with the fortification levels, but the conventional HS analysis detected no fumigant at the lowest fortification level of 0.01 mg/g. Under the conditions of the validation study, the LOD was in the range of 0.005–0.01 ng PH3/g wheat.
Determination of Volatile Compounds in Wine by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection: Comparison Between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 3σ Approach and Hubaux-Vos Calculation of Detection Limits Using Ordinary and Bivariate Least Squares
Authors: Caruso Rosario , Scordino Monica , Traulo Pasqualino , Gagliano Giacomo 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A capillary GC-flame ionization detection (FID) method to determine volatile compounds (ethyl acetate, 1,1-diethoxyethane, methyl alcohol, 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-butanol, and 2-butanol) in wine was investigated in terms of calculation of detection limits and calibration method. The main objectives were: (1) calculation of regression coefficient parameters by ordinary least-squares (OLS) and bivariate least-squares (BLS) regression models, taking into account errors in both axes; (2) estimation of linear dynamic range (LDR) according to International Conference on Harmonization recommendations; (3) performance evaluation of a method by using three different internal standards (ISs) such as acetonitrile, acetone, and 1-pentanol; (4) evaluation of LODs according to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 3σ approach and the Hubaux-Vos (H-V) method; (5) application of H-V theory to a gas chromatographic analytical method and to a food matrix; and (6) accuracy assessment of the method relative to methyl alcohol content through a Unione Italiana Vini (UIV) interlaboratory proficiency test. Calibration curves calculated via BLS and OLS show similar slopes, while intercepts are closer to zero in the first case, independent of the chosen IS. The studied ISs show a substantially equivalent behavior, even though the IS closer to the analyte retention time seems to be more appropriate in terms of LDR and LOD. Results indicate an underestimation of LODs using the EPA 3σ approach instead of the more realistic H-V method, both with OLS and BLS regression models. Methanol contents compared with UIV average values indicate recovery between 90 and 110%.
Comparison of Slurry Mixing and Dry Milling in Laboratory Sample Preparation for Determination of Ochratoxin A and Deoxynivalenol in Wheat
Authors: Lippolis Vincenzo , Pascale Michelangelo , Valenzano Stefania , Visconti Angelo 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The significance of laboratory sample preparation for the determination of two important mycotoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA) and deoxynivalenol (DON), in wheat was investigated by comparing water-slurry mixing and dry-milling procedures. The distribution of OTA and DON in 10 kg samples of naturally contaminated wheat was established by analyzing one hundred 100 g subsamples of each sample. A normal distribution and a good repeatability of DON measurements was observed for both water-slurry mixing (mean 2290 μg/kg, CV 4.6%, median 2290 μg/kg) and dry milling (mean 2310 μg/kg, CV 6.4%, median 2290 μg/kg) procedures. For OTA determinations, reliable results could be obtained only by slurry mixing sample preparation (mean 2.62 μg/kg, CV 4.0%, median 2.62 μg/kg), whereas dry-milling comminution resulted in an inhomogeneous distribution with a high variability (mean 0.83 μg/kg, CV 75.2%, median 0.60 μg/kg) and a positive skewness (2.12). Ad hoc experiments were performed on different size portions of the same sample (10 kg) to assess accuracy and precision of the comminution/homogenization procedures (slurry mixing and dry milling). Very good results were obtained for DON determination with both procedures in terms of accuracy (&gt;98.7% of the “weighted value”) and precision (CV &lt;3%). For OTA determination good results were only obtained by slurry mixing (99.4% of the “weighted value,” CV 10%), whereas dry milling provided results with low accuracy (43.2% of the “weighted value”) and high variability (CV 110%). This study clearly demonstrated that sample preparation by slurry mixing is strictly necessary to obtain reliable laboratory samples for OTA determination in wheat to minimize misclassification of acceptable/rejectable lots, mainly within official control.
A Quantitative Method for Residues of Macrolide Antibiotics in Porcine Kidney by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Dickson Leslie C , O'Byrne Collin , Chan Wayne 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
An LC/MS/MS-based multiresidue quantitative method was developed for the macrolides erythromycin A, neospiramycin I, oleandomycin, spiramycin I, tilmicosin, and tylosin A in porcine kidney tissues. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) had as part of its analytical scope an LC/UV method for quantification of residues of two macrolide antibiotics, tilmicosin and tylosin A, in the kidney, liver, and muscle of cattle, swine, and poultry. The method could not reliably detect concentrations below 10 μg/kg. To increase the scope of the CFIA's analytical capabilities, a sensitive multiresidue quantitative method for macrolide residues in food animal tissues was required. Porcine kidney samples were extracted with acetonitrile and alkaline buffer and cleaned-up using silica-based C18 SPE cartridges. Sample extracts were analyzed using LC/MS/MS with positive electrospray ionization. Fitness for purpose was verified in a single- laboratory validation study using a second analyst. The working analytical range was 5 to 50 μg/kg. LOD and LOQ were 0.5 to 0.6 μg/kg and 1.5 to 3.0 μg/kg, respectively. Limits of identification were 0.5 to 2.0 μg/kg. Relative intermediate precisions were 8 to 17%. Average absolute recoveries were 68 to 76%.
Reveal®Listeria 2.0 Test for Detection of Listeria spp. in Foods and Environmental Samples
Authors: Alles Susan , Curry Stephanie , Almy David , Jagadeesan Balamurugan , Rice Jennifer , Mozola Mark 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A Performance Tested MethodSM validation study was conducted for a new lateral flow immunoassay (Reveal®Listeria 2.0) for detection of Listeria spp. in foods and environmental samples. Results of inclusivity testing showed that the test detects all species of Listeria, with the exception of L. grayi. In exclusivity testing conducted under nonselective growth conditions, all non-listeriae tested produced negative Reveal assay results, except for three strains of Lactobacillus spp. However, these lactobacilli are inhibited by the selective Listeria Enrichment Single Step broth enrichment medium used with the Reveal method. Six foods were tested in parallel by the Reveal method and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration/Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA/BAM) reference culture procedure. Considering data from both internal and independent laboratory trials, overall sensitivity of the Reveal method relative to that of the FDA/BAM procedure was 101%. Four foods were tested in parallel by the Reveal method and the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS) reference culture procedure. Overall sensitivity of the Reveal method relative to that of the USDA-FSIS procedure was 98.2%. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of positives obtained by the Reveal and reference culture procedures in any food trials. In testing of swab or sponge samples from four types of environmental surfaces, sensitivity of Reveal relative to that of the USDA-FSIS reference culture procedure was 127%. For two surface types, differences in the number of positives obtained by the Reveal and reference methods were statistically significant, with more positives by the Reveal method in both cases. Specificity of the Reveal assay was 100%, as there were no unconfirmed positive results obtained in any phase of the testing. Results of ruggedness experiments showed that the Reveal assay is tolerant of modest deviations in test sample volume and device incubation time.
Determination of Vitamin B12 in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals by Liquid Chromatography/UV Detection with Immunoaffinity Extraction: First Action 2011.08
Authors: Campos-Giménez Esther , Fontannaz Patric , Trisconi Marie-José , Kilinc Tamara , Gimenez Catherine , Andrieux Pierre , Nelson Maria 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
At the “Standards Development and International Harmonization: AOAC INTERNATIONAL Mid-Year Meeting,” on June 29, 2011, an Expert Review Panel agreed that the method “Determination of Vitamin B12 in Infant Formulas and Adult Nutritionals by Liquid Chromatography/UV Detection with Immunoaffinity Extraction” be adopted AOAC Official First Action status. The method is applicable for the determination of vitamin B12, which includes added cyanocobalamin and natural forms, making it applicable to both fortified and nonfortified products. Vitamin B12 is extracted from the sample in sodium acetate buffer in the presence of sodium cyanide (100°C, 30 min). After purification and concentration with an immunoaffinity column, vitamin B12 is determined by LC with UV detection (361 nm). A single-laboratory validation study was conducted on a range of products, including milk- and soy-based infant formulas, cereals, cocoa beverages, health care products, and polyvitamin premixes. The method demonstrated linear response over a large range of concentrations, recovery rates of 100.8 ± 7.5% (average ± SD), repeatability RSD (RSDr) of 2.1%, and intermediate reproducibility (RSDiR) of 4.3%. LOD and LOQ values were 0.10 and 0.30 μg/100 g, respectively, and correlation with the reference microbiological assay was good (R2 = 0.9442). The results of the study were published in J. AOAC Int. 91, 786–793 (2008). The performance characteristics of the method met the standard method performance requirements set forth by the Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals; thus, the method was determined to be appropriate for First Action status.
Determination of Vitamin B12 in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals by HPLC: First Action 2011.10
Authors: Schimpf Karen , Spiegel Renee , Thompson Linda , Dowell Dawn 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
During the “Standards Development and International Harmonization: AOAC INTERNATIONAL Mid-Year Meeting” held on June 29, 2011, an Expert Review Panel (ERP) reviewed the method “Determination of Vitamin B12 in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals by HPLC.” Under the new pathway to Official MethodsSM, the ERP adopted the method as Official First Action. The method is applicable to the determination of vitamin B12 in infant formula and adult nutritionals. Data showed an average overall intermediate precision of 6.64% RSD, an estimated quantitation limit of 0.8 μg/kg, and a detection limit of 0.2 μg/kg in prepared samples. The standard range of the method is 2 to 200 μg/L, which corresponds to an analytical range of 0.8 to 500 μg/kg.
Determination of Phenols and Phenates in Disinfectant Formulations by Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection: Collaborative Study
Authors: Phillips Tom , Burns Adrian ,   Collaborators:, Adams J , Bennett O , Curry M , El-Zemity S , Esselburn T , Gallegos T , Geisbert B , Griffn T , Khalil N , Marshall D , Mehta M , Park V , Pereda-Masson C , Ramey A , Ramos J , Ritts B , Rood J , Sharma M , Stroh S , Taylor J , Verdin G 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Fourteen collaborating laboratories assayed o-phenylphenol (OPP), p-t-amylphenol (PTAP), and o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol (OBPCP) in formulated products, both ready-to-use and concentrates, by RP-HPLC. The actives in the samples ranged from 0.03 to 11% OPP, 0.06 to 4% PTAP, and 0.07 to 10% OBPCP either in free forms or as salts. Seven blind duplicates were analyzed. The samples were diluted/extracted with acidified methanol, filtered, and analyzed by LC on a C18 column using gradient elution and UV detection at 285 nm. The concentration of the active ingredients was calculated from a standard curve. Each laboratory weighed each test sample twice within a single analytical run. The data were analyzed using all 14 laboratory results, with appropriate statistical tests to detect outliers. The repeatability RSDs ranged from 0.98 to 3.40% for the free phenols, and 1.26 to 2.51% for the salts. The reproducibility RSDs ranged from 5.31 to 7.80% for the free phenols, and 5.50 to 8.67% for the salts. The HorRat ranged from 0.86 to 2.17 for the free phenols, and 1.54 to 2.72 for the salts.
Gluten Fragment Detection with a Competitive ELISA
Authors: Haas-Lauterbach Sigrid , Immer Ulrike , Richter Mareike , Koehler Peter 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The second generation of a competitive ELISA for prolamin quantification based on the R5 antibody was studied for method performance and suitability to detect partially hydrolyzed prolamins in food. To be able to convert signal intensities to gluten concentrations, as required by the Codex Alimentarius Standard, a new calibrator consisting of a peptic-tryptic digest of wheat, rye, and barley prolamins was used for the first time. LOD and LOQ of the assay were 1.36 and 5.0 mg prolamin/kg food, respectively. Analysis of beer samples and a hydrolyzed wheat product showed that the assay provided significantly higher prolamin concentrations, compared to the sandwich ELISA based on the same antibody, which is only suitable for the detection of intact prolamins. Spiking experiments with defined concentrations of partially hydrolyzed prolamins gave recoveries ranging from 92 to 136%.
Characterization of G12 Sandwich ELISA, a Next-Generation Immunoassay for Gluten Toxicity
Authors: Halbmayr-Jech Elisabeth , Hammer Elisabeth , Fielder Richard , Coutts Jacqueline , Rogers Adrian , Cornish Michael 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In this work, a monoclonal antibody called G12, raised against the most immunotoxic peptide to celiac disease patients, was used to develop a sandwich ELISA. Preliminary results on cross-reactivities, recoveries, and extraction methods of the new assay are presented. The assay calibration was performed using material from the Prolamin Working Group. The antibody's specificity was determined by cross-reactivity studies on different grains, nuts, oils, and starches. Recovery of the assay was determined by spiking experiments on common food matrixes, as well as on problematic matrixes. Furthermore, sample extraction methods using ethanol, cocktail solution, and a proprietary buffer have been compared.
Incorporating Darcy's law for pure solvent flow through porous tubes: Asymptotic solution and numerical simulations
Authors: Tilton Nils , Martinand Denis , Serre Eric , Lueptow Richard M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA generalized solution for pressure‐driven, incompressible, Newtonian flow in a porous tubular membrane is challenging due to the coupling between the transmembrane pressure and velocity. To date, all analytical solutions require simplifications such as neglecting the coupling between the transmembrane pressure and velocity, assuming the form of the velocity fields, or expanding in powers of parameters involving the tube length. Moreover, previous solutions have not been validated with comparison to direct numerical simulation (DNS). We comprehensively revisit the problem to present a robust analytical solution incorporating Darcy's law on the membrane. We make no assumptions about the tube length or form of the velocity fields. The analytic solution is validated with detailed comparison to DNSs, including cases of axial flow exhaustion and cross flow reversal. We explore the validity of typical assumptions used in modeling porous tube flow and present a solution for porous channels in Supporting Information. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Extensive abdominal lipomatosis in a patient with Noonan/LEOPARD syndrome (Noonan syndrome–Multiple Lentigines)
Authors: Piard Juliette , Verloes Alain , Cavé Hélène , Peuchmaur Michel , Bennaceur Selim , Leheup Bruno 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNoonan syndrome (NS) is a tumor predisposing disorder. Leukemia is observed in 1–3% of patients with NS, with rare occurrences of solid tumors. It also appears to predispose to non‐malignant tumors. We report on a 26‐year‐old female with features of Noonan syndrome–Multiple Lentigines and a heterozygous mutation: c.1517A > C–p.Gln506Pro in the PTPN11 gene. The patient developed an unusual extensive lipomatosis and we discuss possible relationship between her lipomatosis and NS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
2,3,4,5‐Tetraphenylsilole‐Based Conjugated Polymers: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and as Sensors for Explosive Compounds
Authors: Zhang Li‐Hong , Jiang Tao , Wu Lian‐Bin , Wan Jun‐Hua , Chen Chih‐Hsien , Pei Yong‐Bing , Lu Hua , Deng Yuan , Bian Gao‐Feng , Qiu Hua‐Yu , Lai Guo‐Qiao 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA series of linear 2,5‐tetraphenylsilole‐vinylene‐type polymers were successfully synthesized for the first time. The tetraphenylsilole moieties were linked at their 2,5‐positions through a vinylene bridge with p‐dialkoxybenzenes to obtain polymer PSVB and with 3,6‐carbazole to obtain polymer PSVC. For comparison, 2,5‐tetraphenylsilole‐ethyne‐type polymer PSEB was also synthesized, in which the vinylene bridge of PSVB was replaced with an ethyne bridge. Very interestingly, the bridging group (vinylene or ethyne) had a significant effect on the photophysical properties of the corresponding polymers. The fluorescence peak of PSEB at 504 nm in solution originated from the emission of its silole moieties, whereas PSVB and PSVC emitted yellow light and no blueish–green emission from the silole moieties was observed, thus demonstrating that the emissions of PSVB and PSVC were due to their polymer backbones. More importantly, the 2,5‐tetraphenylsilole‐ethyne polymer exhibited a pronounced aggregation‐enhanced emission (AEE) effect but the 2,5‐tetraphenylsilole‐vinylene polymer was AEE‐inactive. Moreover, both AEE‐active 2,5‐tetraphenylsilole‐ethyne polymer and AEE‐inactive 2,5‐tetraphenylsilole‐vinylene polymers were successfully applied as fluorescent chemosensors for the detection of explosive compounds.