bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of salivary oxytocin levels in lactating women
Authors: White‐Traut Rosemary , Watanabe Kaoru , Pournajafi‐Nazarloo Hossein , Schwertz Dorie , Bell Aleeca , Carter C. Sue 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOxytocin is a neuropeptide with widespread influence on many physiological and social functions including: labor and birth, lactation, sexual behavior, nurturing maternal behaviors, and stress reduction. However, our understanding of oxytocin's roles has been hampered by lack of noninvasive methods for assessing oxytocin levels. The goal of the present study was to assess whether oxytocin could be detected in saliva and whether changes occurred in the pattern of oxytocin release among lactating women from before, at initiaton and after breast feeding. Using a prospective repeated measures design, 11 research participants each provided 18 saliva samples during three feeding cycles (before, at initiation and after breast feeding) for two 24‐hr data collection periods (Days 1 and 2). Within each day, saliva was collected at late evening, early morning, and late morning. Salivary samples were concentrated fourfold by dehydration prior to analysis and oxytocin was measured in saliva using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Salivary oxytocin values, when reconverted to their original levels, ranged from 6.44 to 61.05 pg/ml. Oxytocin values in saliva varied significantly as a function of the breast feeding cycle, but did not show reliable differences as a function of the time of feeding. Oxytocin was highest before feeding, followed by a decrease at initiation of feeding, and an increase at 30 min after feeding. The findings suggest that oxytocin release into saliva increases in anticipation of feedings. This study also supports the potential usefulness of salivary measures of oxytocin as a noninvasive index of changes in this peptide. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev. Psychobiol 51: 367–373, 2009.
Increased consumption of wheat biofortified with selenium does not modify biomarkers of cancer risk, oxidative stress, or immune function in healthy Australian males
Authors: Wu Jing , Salisbury Carolyn , Graham Robin , Lyons Graham , Fenech Michael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIncreased intake of selenium (Se) may reduce the risk of degenerative diseases including cancer but excessive intake may be toxic. Wheat is a major source of dietary Se in humans. However, the effect of Se from wheat that is agronomically biofortified with Se on biomarkers of human health status is unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether improving Se status, by increased dietary intake of Se‐biofortified wheat, affects biomarkers of cancer risk, cardiovascular disease risk, oxidative stress, and immune function in healthy South Australian men. A 24‐week placebo‐controlled double‐blind intervention was performed in healthy older men (n = 62), with increased dose of Se intake every 8 weeks. Wheat was provided as 1, 2, and 3 puffed wheat biscuits, during weeks 1–8, 9–16, and 17–24, respectively. Blood was collected to measure a wide range of disease risk biomarkers. Consumption of Se‐biofortified wheat was found to increase plasma Se concentration from a baseline level of 122 to 192 μg/L following intake of three biscuits/day, which provided 267 μg Se. Platelet glutathione peroxidase, chromosome aberrations, and DNA damage in lymphocytes measured using the cytokinesis‐block micronucleus cytome assay and with the Comet assay, plasma F2‐isoprostanes, protein carbonyls, plasma C‐reactive protein, and leukocyte number were unaffected by the improved Se status. Improvement of Se status by consumption of Se‐biofortified wheat did not substantially modify the selected biomarkers of degenerative disease risk and health status in this apparently selenium‐replete cohort of healthy older men in South Australia. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene‐environment interaction tests for dichotomous traits in trios and sibships
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas J. , Lange Christoph , Vansteelandt Stijn , Laird Nan M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWhen testing for genetic effects, failure to account for a gene‐environment interaction can mask the true association effects of a genetic marker with disease. Family‐based association tests are popular because they are completely robust to population substructure and model misspecification. However, when testing for an interaction, failure to model the main genetic effect correctly can lead to spurious results. Here we propose a family‐based test for interaction that is robust to model misspecification, but still sensitive to an interaction effect, and can handle continuous covariates and missing parents. We extend the FBAT‐I gene‐environment interaction test for dichotomous traits to using both trios and sibships. We then compare this extension to joint tests of gene and gene‐environment interaction, and compare the joint test additionally to the main effects test of the gene. Lastly, we apply these three tests to a group of nuclear families ascertained according to affection with Bipolar Disorder. Genet. Epidemiol. 33:691–699, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered somatosensory processing in trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Blatow Maria , Nennig Ernst , Sarpaczki Elise , Reinhardt Julia , Schlieter Martin , Herweh Christian , Rasche Dirk , Tronnier Volker M. , Sartor Klaus , Stippich Christoph 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a pain state characterized by intermittent unilateral pain attacks in one or several facial areas innervated by the trigeminal nerve. The somatosensory cortex is heavily involved in the perception of sensory features of pain, but it is also the primary target for thalamic input of nonpainful somatosensory information. Thus, pain and somatosensory processing are accomplished in overlapping cortical structures raising the question whether pain states are associated with alteration of somatosensory function itself. To test this hypothesis, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess activation of primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortices upon nonpainful tactile stimulation of lips and fingers in 18 patients with TN and 10 patients with TN relieved from pain after successful neurosurgical intervention in comparison with 13 healthy subjects. We found that SI and SII activations in patients did neither depend on the affected side of TN nor differ between operated and nonoperated patients. However, SI and SII activations, but not thalamic activations, were significantly reduced in patients as compared to controls. These differences were most prominent for finger stimulation, an area not associated with TN. For lip stimulation SI and SII activations were reduced in patients with TN on the contra‐ but not on the ipsilateral side to the stimulus. These findings suggest a general reduction of SI and SII processing in patients with TN, indicating a long‐term modulation of somatosensory function and pointing to an attempt of cortical adaptation to potentially painful stimuli. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural correlates of word production stages delineated by parametric modulation of psycholinguistic variables
Authors: Wilson Stephen M. , Isenberg Anna Lisette , Hickok Gregory 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWord production is a complex multistage process linking conceptual representations, lexical entries, phonological forms and articulation. Previous studies have revealed a network of predominantly left‐lateralized brain regions supporting this process, but many details regarding the precise functions of different nodes in this network remain unclear. To better delineate the functions of regions involved in word production, we used event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify brain areas where blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) responses to overt picture naming were modulated by three psycholinguistic variables: concept familiarity, word frequency, and word length, and one behavioral variable: reaction time. Each of these variables has been suggested by prior studies to be associated with different aspects of word production. Processing of less familiar concepts was associated with greater BOLD responses in bilateral occipitotemporal regions, reflecting visual processing and conceptual preparation. Lower frequency words produced greater BOLD signal in left inferior temporal cortex and the left temporoparietal junction, suggesting involvement of these regions in lexical selection and retrieval and encoding of phonological codes. Word length was positively correlated with signal intensity in Heschl's gyrus bilaterally, extending into the mid‐superior temporal gyrus (STG) and sulcus (STS) in the left hemisphere. The left mid‐STS site was also modulated by reaction time, suggesting a role in the storage of lexical phonological codes. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutations of NPM1 gene in de novo acute myeloid leukaemia: determination of incidence, distribution pattern and identification of two novel mutations in Indian population
Authors: Ahmad Firoz , Mandava Swarna , Das Bibhu Ranjan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMutations in the nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene have been recently described to occur in about one‐third of acute myeloid leukaemias (AMLs) and represent the most frequent genetic alteration currently known in this subset, specially in those with normal karyotype. This study explored the prevalence and clinical profile of NPM1 mutations in a cohort of 200 Indian adult and children with AML. NPM1 mutations were observed in 19.5% of all population and 34.2% of those with normal karyotype. Adults had a significantly higher incidence of NPM1 mutations than children [38 of 161 (23.6%) vs. 1 of 39 (2.5%), p = 0.002]. NPM1 mutations were significantly associated with normal karyotype (p = 0.001), high WBC count (p = 0.034), AML‐M4 subtype (p = 0.039) and a gradient increase of mutation rate with the increase in age groups. Sequence analysis of 39 mutated cases revealed typical mutations (types A, B, D, Nm and H*) as well as two novel variations (types F1 and F2). Majority of the patients had mutation type A (69.2%), followed by B (5.1%), D (15.3%), H* (2.5%) and Nm (2.5%) all involving COOH terminal of the NPM1 protein. In conclusion, this study represents the first report of NPM1 mutation from Indian population and confirms that the incidence of NPM1 mutations varies considerably globally, with slightly lower incidence in Indian population compared to western countries. The current study also served to identify two novel NPM1 mutants that add new insights into the heterogeneity of genomic insertions at exon 12. More ongoing larger studies are warranted to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of AML that arises in this part of the world. Furthermore, we believe that in light of its high prevalence worldwide, inclusion of NPM1 mutation detection assay in diagnostic evaluations of AML may improve the efficacy of routine genetic characterization and allow assignment of patients to better‐defined risk categories. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of wall oscillation modes on heat transfer enhancement
Authors: Nakamura Masahide , Yoshihara Misa , Watanabe Ken , Tamura Orie , Sugiyama Wataru 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe numerically investigated the influence of the wall oscillation mode on the heat transfer characteristics of a two‐dimensional channel. In the present study, two channels with different wall oscillation modes were considered: a two‐dimensional channel bounded by a fixed wall and a transversely oscillating wall (channel A) and a two‐dimensional channel in which the upper and lower walls oscillate transversely in the same manner (channel B). The fully implicit finite difference method was used for the analysis of the conservation equations and the time‐dependent coordinate transformations were applied to solve the moving boundary problem. The calculated results are summarized as follows. (1) The wall oscillation has a significant effect on the heat transfer enhancement in the low‐Reynolds‐number region for each channel. (2) If increased pressure loss must be avoided, then channel B is more suitable than channel A. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20250
Acute toxicity evaluation of biodegradable in situ gel‐forming controlled drug delivery system based on thermosensitive PEG‐PCL‐PEG hydrogel
Authors: Gong Chang Yang , Wu Qin Jie , Dong Peng Wei , Shi Shuai , Fu Shao Zhi , Guo Gang , Hu Huo Zhen , Zhao Xia , Wei Yu Quan , Qian Zhi Yong 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this work, a biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG‐PCL‐PEG, PECE) triblock copolymer was successfully synthesized. The aqueous solution of such PECE copolymer displayed special sol–gel–sol transition as temperature increase, which is a flowing sol at low‐temperature and turns into a nonflowing gel at body temperature. The cytotoxicity of PECE copolymer was evaluated by cell viability assay using HEK 293 cells. In vivo gel formation and degradation test based on intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration was conducted, respectively. The acute toxicity test and histopathological study were performed in BALB/c mice by intrapleural, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration of PECE hydrogel (30 Wt %), respectively. The dose of intrapleural, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration was up to 10 g/kg body weight (b.w.), 25 g/kg b.w., and 25 g/kg b.w., respectively, and the mice were observed continuously for 14 days. For histopathologic study, samples including heart, liver, lung, kidneys, spleen, stomach, intestine, and tissue of injection site were prepared for histochemical analysis and were stained with hematoxylin‐eosin. No mortality or significant signs of acute toxicity was observed during the whole observation period and there is no significant lesion to be shown in histopathologic study of major organs. Therefore, the maximum tolerance dose of PECE hydrogel by intrapleural, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration was calculated to be higher than 10 g/kg b.w., 25 g/kg b.w., and 25 g/kg b.w., respectively. The results indicated that the prepared PECE hydrogel was nontoxic after intrapleural, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration, and it could be a safe candidate for in situ gel‐forming controlled drug delivery system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Sperm ecto‐protein kinase and its protein substrate: Novel regulators of membrane fusion during acrosome reaction
Authors: Maiti Arunima , Nath Debjani , Dungdung Sandhya R. , Majumder Gopal C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPreviously we have purified and characterized a unique plasma membrane‐specific cyclic AMP‐independent ecto‐protein kinase (ecto‐CIK) as well as its ecto‐phosphoprotein substrate (MPS) using caprine sperm model. This study reports for the first time the role of the sperm external surface protein phosphorylation system on sperm acrosome reaction, which is essential for fertilization. Calcium ionophore A23187 has been used to trigger the sperm acrosome reaction in vitro. Treatment of sperm cells with CIK antibody (dil: 1:500) causes a significant decrease (approx. 50%) in percentage of acrosome reacted sperm. Onset of the acrosome reaction causes a remarkable increase in the rate of acrosin release from the cells in the medium. However, CIK antibody inhibits significantly (approx. 50%) the acrosin release. The level of membrane‐bound MPS as estimated by ELISA and the degree of its phosphorylation catalyzed by the endogenous ecto‐CIK, increase significantly with the progress of the acrosome reaction. Both the parameters increase by approximately 100% during the 20 min of the reaction. MPS antibody (1:100 dilution) markedly decreases (approx. 75%) percentage of acrosome‐reacted sperm. MPS antibody as well shows high efficacy to inhibit acrosin release from spermatozoa. The results demonstrate that the cell–surface protein kinase and its protein substrate are essential for membrane fusion component of acrosome reaction. The data are consistent with the view that MPS regulates acrosomal membrane fusion with the overlying plasma membrane by the mechanism of its phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 394–400, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene array profile identifies collagen type XV as a novel human osteoblast‐secreted matrix protein
Authors: Lisignoli Gina , Codeluppi Katia , Todoerti Katia , Manferdini Cristina , Piacentini Anna , Zini Nicoletta , Grassi Francesco , Cattini Luca , Piva Roberta , Rizzoli Vittorio , Facchini Andrea , Giuliani Nicola , Neri Antonino 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts are the two main non‐haematopoietic cellular components of human bone tissue. To identify novel osteoblast‐related molecules, we performed a gene expression profiling analysis comparing MSCs and osteoblasts isolated from the same donors. Genes differentially overexpressed in osteoblasts were mainly related to the negative control of cell proliferation, pro‐apoptotic processes, protein metabolism and bone remodelling. Notably, we also identified the collagen XV (COL15A1) gene as the most up‐regulated gene in osteoblasts compared with MSCs, previously described as being expressed in the basement membrane in other cell types. The expression of collagen type XV was confirmed at the protein level on isolated osteoblasts and we demonstrated that it significantly increases during the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro and that free ionised extracellular calcium significantly down‐modulates its expression. Moreover, light and electron microscopy showed that collagen type XV is expressed in bone tissue biopsies mainly by working osteoblasts forming new bone tissue or lining bone trabeculae. To our knowledge, these data represent the first evidence of the expression of collagen type XV in human osteoblasts, a calcium‐regulated protein which correlates to a specific functional state of these cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 401–409, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A general upper bound for the cyclic chromatic number of 3‐connected plane graphs
Authors: Enomoto Hikoe , Horňák Mirko 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe cyclic chromatic number of a plane graph G is the smallest number χc(G) of colors that can be assigned to vertices of G in such a way that whenever two distinct vertices are incident with a common face, they receive distinct colors. It was conjectured by Plummer and Toft in 1987 that, for every 3‐connected plane graph G, χc(G)≤Δ*(G) + 2, where Δ*(G) is the maximum face degree of G. The best upper bound known so far was Δ*(G) + 8. In the paper this bound is improved to Δ*(G) + 5. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 62: 1–25, 2009
Synthesis, characterization, and reactions of selected multichalcone derivatives
Authors: Al‐Smadi Mousa , Mohammad Suhaib 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
magnified imageNew multiarm aromatic chalcone derivatives 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d were prepared through cross‐aldol condensation reaction between multiarm aromatic ketones 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d and 4‐(dimethyl amino)benzaldehyde in basic medium. The multiarm aromatic chalcones 2a and 2c were able to undergo cyclization reactions when treated with hydrazine or any of it's derivatives to yield the corresponding pyrazolines 3a and 3c that were reacted with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquenone in benzene to yield the aromatic pyrazoles 4a and 4c, respectively. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 201 (2009).
Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of some di‐ and trideuterated methylpyridines
Authors: Pavlik James W. , Vongnakorn Tharinee , Tantayanon Supawan 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
magnified image2‐Trideuteriopyridine‐4,6‐d2 (1‐4,6‐d2), 3‐methylpyridine‐2,6‐d2 (2‐2,6‐d2), 3‐methylpyridine‐2,4,6‐d3 (2‐2,4,6‐d3), and 4‐trideuteriopyridine‐2,6‐d2 (3‐2,6‐d2) were synthesized from the appropriate 2‐, 3‐, or 4‐methylpyridine N‐oxides. These deuterated products were characterized by their 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 213 (2009).
Synthesis of 2,3‐dichloroquinoxalines via Vilsmeier reagent chlorination
Authors: Romer Duane R. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA convenient and high‐yielding synthesis of 2,3‐dichloroquinoxalines from the corresponding 2,3‐dihydroxyquinoxalines has been developed. Treatment of a slurry of the 2,3‐dihydroxyquinoxaline 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1g, 1h, 1i, 1j with N,N‐dimethylformamide in the presence of excess thionylchloride in 1,2‐dichloroethane results in the rapid and high‐yielding formation of the 2,3‐dichloroquinoxaline derivatives 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, 2i, 2j. Simplified workup and purification procedures for these compounds are also described. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 317 (2009).
Synthesis and in vitro study of novel bis‐[3‐(2‐arylmethylidenimino‐1,3‐thiazol‐4‐yl)‐4‐hydroxy‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one‐6‐yl]methane and bis‐[3‐(2‐arylidenhydrazo‐1,3‐thiazol‐4‐yl)‐4‐hydroxy‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one‐6‐yl]methane as potential antimicrobial agents
Authors: Raghu M. , Nagaraj A. , Reddy Ch. Sanjeeva 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA series of novel bis‐[3‐(2‐arylmethylidenimino‐1,3‐thiazol‐4‐yl)‐4‐hydroxy‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one‐6‐yl]methane 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7f and bis‐[3‐(2‐arylidenhydrazo‐1,3‐thiazol‐4‐yl)‐4‐hydroxy‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one‐6‐yl]‐methane 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f were synthesized in good yields from bis‐[3‐(2‐bromoacetyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one‐6‐yl]methane 5. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by their IR, 1H NMR, MS, and elemental analyses. Further, all the compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative bacteria, and fungi. Among the synthesized compounds, 7c, 7e, and 8c were found to be the most active against almost all the test bacteria. The compound 8c displayed notable antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538p), Micrococcus luteus (IFC 12708), Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 3851) and Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), equal to that of ampicillin. Similarly these compounds also showed potent antifungal effect against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Aspergillus fumigatus (HIC 6094), Trichophyton rubrum (IFO 9185), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (IFO 40996). J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 261 (2009).
Synthesis and application of novel styryl dyes derived from 1,4‐diethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐6‐methoxyquinoxaline
Authors: Satam Vijay , Rajule Rajkumar , Bendre Samir , Bineesh Purushotthaman , Kanetkar Vinod 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
magnified imageThe novel 1,4‐diethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐7‐methoxyquinoxalin‐6‐carboxaldehyde was synthesized, characterized, and condensed with suitably substituted active methylene compounds by classical Knoevenagel condensation reaction to obtain novel monostyryl dyes 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e and a bis‐styryl dye 8f. These novel styryl dyes have hue varying from orange to violet. The dyes were applied to polyester fibers. The spectral and thermal characteristics of the dyes and fastness properties of the dyed polyester fabric were investigated. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 221 (2009).