bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive and behavioral characteristics of children with Williams syndrome: Implications for intervention approaches
Authors: Mervis Carolyn B. , John Angela E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPortrayals of individuals with Williams syndrome (WS), a genetic disorder caused by a microdeletion of ∼25 genes on chromosome 7q11.23, have reached the general public through a variety of media formats. These descriptions are often paradoxical in nature with individuals with WS repeatedly described as demonstrating near‐normal language despite the presence of significant intellectual disability and as being extremely sociable and friendly in spite of their seemingly limited understanding of basic social norms. While this depiction of WS served to attract the interest of basic‐science researchers, the results of subsequent studies have provided a more nuanced view. For example, rather than across‐the‐board “near‐normal” language, children with WS demonstrate relative strengths in concrete vocabulary and verbal short‐term memory, grammatical abilities at the level expected for general intellectual ability, and considerable weakness in relational/conceptual language and pragmatics (social use of language). To provide a more thorough characterization of the WS behavioral phenotype, we summarize recent findings related to intellectual ability, language development, memory development, executive function development, adaptive behavior skills, and behavior as it relates to learning by children with WS. Finally, we briefly discuss intervention approaches that may help children with WS to achieve their full potential. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency alleles are associated with joint dislocation and scoliosis in Williams syndrome
Authors: Morris Colleen A. , Pani Ariel M. , Mervis Carolyn B. , Rios Cecilia M. , Kistler Doris J. , Gregg Ronald G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractElastin haploinsufficiency is responsible for a significant portion of the Williams syndrome (WS) phenotype including hoarse voice, supravalvar aortic stenosis (SVAS), hernias, diverticuli of bowel and bladder, soft skin, and joint abnormalities. All of the connective tissue signs and symptoms are variable in the WS population, but few factors other than age and gender are known to influence the phenotype. We examined a cohort of 205 individuals with WS for mutations in SERPINA1, the gene that encodes alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (AAT), the inhibitor of elastase. Individuals with classic WS deletions and SERPINA1 genotypes PiMS or PiMZ were more likely than those with a SERPINA1 PiMM genotype to have joint dislocation or scoliosis. However, carrier status for AAT deficiency was not correlated with presence of inguinal hernia or with presence or severity of SVAS. These findings suggest that genes important in elastin metabolism are candidates for variability in the connective tissue abnormalities in WS. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetisch abtrennbare Nanokatalysatoren: Brücken zwischen homogener und heterogener Katalyse
Authors: Shylesh Sankaranarayanapillai , Schünemann Volker , Thiel Werner R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAbtrennung und Wiederverwertung wertvoller Katalysatoren im Anschluss an eine katalytische Reaktion sind wichtige Faktoren für eine nachhaltige Prozessführung. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, die Fortschritte bei der Herstellung magnetischer Nanopartikel und Nanokomposite sowie deren Anwendungen in der Katalyse zu beleuchten. Die gezielte Funktionalisierung der Oberfläche nanoskaliger magnetischer Materialien eröffnet eine elegante Möglichkeit, um Brücken zwischen homogener und heterogener Katalyse zu bauen. Durch den Einbau magnetischer Nanopartikel in unterschiedliche feste Matrices können bekannte Routen der Katalysatorheterogenisierung mit Techniken der magnetischen Abtrennung kombiniert werden.
Analytische Chemie im Femtoliter
Authors: Gorris Hans H. , Walt David R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDie Kompartimentierung von Reaktionen in Femtoliter(fL)‐Gefäßen und die Integration von fL‐Gefäßen in Arrays verstärkt und beschleunigt nicht nur die chemische und biochemische Analyse, sondern führt auch zu neuen wissenschaftlichen Methoden und Erkenntnissen. Dieser Aufsatz stellt die verschiedenen fL‐Gefäße und Array‐Formate vor und lotet ihre Anwendungen für den Nachweis und die Charakterisierung von biologisch bedeutsamen Analyten aus. Wenn fL‐ Arrays mit Analyten, Sonden oder Zellen bestückt werden, können tausende analytischer Messungen parallel durchgeführt werden. Der Einschluss einzelner Enzymmoleküle in fL‐Arrays ermöglicht die gleichzeitig Analyse einer Vielzahl individueller Enzymmoleküle. Neue Nanofabrikationstechniken und immer empfindlichere Nachweismethoden sind die treibende Kraft auf dem Gebiet der analytischen Chemie “im Femtoliter”. Unsere Übersicht befasst sich insbesondere mit dem Fortschritt und den Herausforderungen auf dem Gebiet der analytischen Chemie im fL mit Beispielen sowohl aus der Grundlagenforschung als auch aus der angewandten Forschung.
Analytical Chemistry on the Femtoliter Scale
Authors: Gorris Hans H. , Walt David R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe compartmentalization of reactions in femtoliter (fL) containers and integration of fL containers into arrays not only enhances and accelerates chemical and biochemical analysis but also leads to new scientific methods and insights. This review introduces various fL container and array formats and explores their applications for the detection and characterization of biologically relevant analytes. By loading analytes, sensing elements, or cells into fL arrays, one can perform thousands of analytical measurements in parallel. Confining single enzyme molecules in fL arrays enables one to analyze large numbers of individual enzyme molecules simultaneously in solution. New nanofabrication techniques and progressively more sensitive detection methods drive the field of fL analytical chemistry. This review focuses on the progress and challenges in the field of fL analytical chemistry with examples of both basic and applied research.
Characterizing seabird bycatch in the eastern Australian tuna and billfish pelagic longline fishery in relation to temporal, spatial and biological influences
Authors: Trebilco Rowan , Gales Rosemary , Lawrence Emma , Alderman Rachael , Robertson Graham , Baker G. Barry 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Seabirds killed incidentally in Australia's eastern tuna and billfish (ETBF) longline fishery between September 2001 and June 2006 were examined to evaluate species composition and to relate, where possible, capture events to operational and environmental factors.
During this period 2.129 million hooks on 2202 shots were observed, and 369 birds were reported killed. The majority (78%) of these were flesh‐footed shearwaters (Puffinus carniepes), 53% of which were male and 44% female. Smaller numbers of medium to large sized albatrosses (Diomedeidae, predominantly female) and other shearwaters (Puffinus spp.) and petrels (Pterodroma spp.) dominated the remainder of the bycatch.
Of the 369 birds reported taken as bycatch, 280 were available for necropsy, and species identifications performed in situ by observers were assessed. While observer identifications were generally correct for common species, performance was poor for less common ones.
The geographical location (latitude) of shots, season, time of day at which shots were set, and bait type and life status (dead or alive) influenced the seabird bycatch rate. The majority of captures (87% overall) occurred between 30 and 35°S, with bycatch being lowest in winter, and remaining at similar levels across the other seasons.
The use of live fish bait was generally associated with increased captures of both seabirds overall, and flesh‐footed shearwaters in particular. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alendronate Affects Cartilage Resorption by Regulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Rats
Authors: Kang J.H. , Choi N.K. , Kang S.J. , Yang S.Y. , Ko H.M. , Jung J.Y. , Kim M.S. , Koh J.T. , Kim W.J. , Oh W.M. , Kim B.Y. , Kim S.H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study was performed to determine effects of alendronate on the tibial proximal epiphyseal cartilage undergoing endochondral ossification and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from the cartilage. Alendronate was injected subcutaneously every other day in postnatal Day 1 Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were sacrificed 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after the first injection. The effect of alendronate treatment for 10 days was demonstrated from the morphological change that the area of the secondary ossification center in the epiphysis was significantly smaller in the alendronate group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Strong immunoreactivity to VEGF was observed in the hypertrophied chondrocytes and some proliferating chondrocytes in the epiphyseal cartilage at postnatal Day 5 and was decreased after the alendronate treatment for 5 days. Immunoreactivity was observed in not only hypertrophied cells but also the peripheral cartilaginous matrix adjacent to the vascular canals invading into the central portion of the cartilage at postnatal Day 7. This reactivity was also reduced considerably by the alendronate treatment for 7 days. The level of VEGF expression was reduced by the alendronate treatment at both the transcription and translation levels. However, the transcriptional level of the flt‐1 and flk‐1 receptors was relatively unaltered by the treatment. These results suggest that VEGF expression is required for vascular invasion into the developing cartilage and alendronate can affect its resorption by downregulating VEGF expression. Anat Rec, 293:786–793, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bücherschau
Authors: Askenasy  
Published: April 2010

AbstractDie Zeitalter der Chemie in Wort und Bild. Von Dr. Albert Stange. 528 Seiten. Mit vielen Porträts und Abbildungen nach Originalen. Leipzig 1908. Verlag von Otto Wigand. Preis broch. 16 Mk., geb. 18 Mk.Band III der Laboratoriumsbücher für die chemische und verwandte Industrien: Laboratoriumsbuch für die Industrie der Riechstoffe. Von Dr. Oskar Simon. 68 Seiten. Halle a. S. Verlag von Wilhelm Knapp. Preis 3 Mk.
Das elektromotorische Verhalten von Uranyl‐Uranogemengen
Authors: Luther R. , Michie Arthur C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractZusammenfassungUranosalze sind auch in sauren Lösungen starke und rasche Reduktionsmittel. Die Oxydation der Uranolösungen durch Luftsauerstoff wird durch Platinschwarz, Eisensalze und insbesondere Kupfersalze stark beschleunigt.Gemenge von Urano‐ und Uranylsulfatlösungen zeigen bei Gegenwart von Säure eine konzentrationsrichtige Abhängigkeit der EMK von der Konzentration der beteiligten Stoffe gemäß der FormelDer Wert von ε0 in dieser Formel ist gegen den Nernstschen Nullpunkt um 0,419 Volt, gegen den Ostwaldschen Nullpunkt um 0,696 positiver.Merkurosulfatelektroden in nicht zu verdünnter Schwefelsäure zeigen eine geringe Abhängigkeit der EMK von der Konzentration der Schwefelsäure, was in guter Uebereinstimmung mit der Theorie der zweistufigen Dissoziation der Schwefelsäure steht.Leipzig‐Dresden‐Wallsend on Tyne, 1903 bis 1908.
XVI. Hauptversammlung der Deutschen Bunsen‐Gesellschaft für angewandte physikalische Chemie: Über den Einfluss von Fremdkörpern auf das Zustandsdiagramm der Eisen‐Kohlenstofflegierungen
Authors: Goerens P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDie Resultate der vorliegenden Arbeit lassen sich in folgende Sätze kurz zusammenfassen:
Unter Benutzung des Beispiels Blei‐Zinn Wismut wurde eine körperliche Darstellung für ternäre Zustandsdiagramme ausgearbeitet, welche dadurch erfolgt, daß man das Zustandsdiagramm durch eine Schar von Flächen schneidet, welche senkrecht zur Konzentrationsebene liegen. Zeichnet man die hierdurch entstehenden Teildiagramme auf eine durchsichtige Platte, etwa Celluloidblätter oder präparierte Glasplatten auf, so erhält man ein Raumgebilde, aus welchem die verschiedenen Zustandsräume deutlich zur Anschauung gelangen.
Das ternäre Zustandsdiagramm der Eisen Mangan‐Kohlenstofflegierungen wurde in gleicher Weise ausgearbeitet und zur Darstellung gebracht.
Es wurde festgestellt, daß das ternäre System Eisen Phosphor‐Kohlenstoff sich als ein ähnliches System erweist, wie das Blei‐Zinn Wismutsystem, wenn man annimmt, daß als Komponenten Eisen, Eisenphosphid und Eisencarbid teilnehmen.
Es ließ sich feststellen, daß alle ternären Legierungen des Eisens nach zwei Typen erstarren können.
Dietary methionine intake and neural tube defects in Mexican‐American women
Authors: Graham Anna , Brender Jean D. , Sharkey Joseph R. , Zhu Li , Felkner Marilyn , Suarez Lucina , Canfield Mark A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDNutrients other than maternal folic acid are also thought to play a role in preventing neural tube defects (NTDs). Evidence suggests that methionine interacts with folic acid and vitamin B12 in the methylation of contractile proteins involved in closing the neural folds. The role of dietary intake of methionine in NTD risk has not been specifically studied among Mexican Americans, a population with one of the highest prevalences of NTDs in the United States.METHODSWe conducted a case–control study of 184 Mexican American women with NTD‐affected pregnancies (case women) and 225 women with normal offspring (control women) who resided along the Texas‐Mexico border. The average daily intakes of methionine were calculated from periconceptional food frequency questionnaire data. Women were categorized according to quartiles of daily methionine intake, based on the control mothers' distribution, and the risk for an NTD‐affected pregnancy was calculated using the lowest quartile of intake as the referent.RESULTSWith adjustment for income, body mass index, hyperinsulinemia, and diarrhea, the odds ratios for increasing quartile of methionine intake were: 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48,1.90), 0.92 (95% CI, 0.46,1.84), and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.30,1.45). Some evidence of interaction between dietary methionine and serum vitamin B12 was noted particularly at higher levels of both components.CONCLUSIONSThis study was limited by a small sample size but examined this association in an exclusively Hispanic population. Results were suggestive of a potential protective effect for NTDs with increasing maternal dietary methionine intake. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secular trends of hypospadias prevalence and factors associated with it in southeast China during 1993–2005
Authors: Jin Lei , Ye Rongwei , Zheng Junchi , Hong Shixin , Ren Aiguo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of hypospadias and its time trends during 1993–2005 in southeast China, and to explore the potential risk factors.METHODSThe study population included all male live and still births (at least 20 weeks of gestation) in 11 cities and counties in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces in Southeast China born during January 1, 1993, through December 31, 2005.RESULTSOverall prevalence of hypospadias was 5.8 per 10,000 male births and presented an increasing trend during 1993–2005 (with χ of 3.94, p = 0.047). Prevalence of coronal hypospadias and those with unknown sites increased from 1.7 and 0.3 per 10,000 male births in 1993 to 3.6 and 1.4 per 10,000 male births in 2005, respectively (with χ of 7.29 and 9.05, p = 0.007 and p = 0.002, respectively), but prevalence of perineal hypospadias decreased (with χ of 7.13, p = 0.008). Maternal fever during first trimester, birth of twins or more children, and year of birth were independent risk factors for hypospadias, with odds ratios of 4.14 (95% CI, 1.32–12.83), 3.37 (95% CI, 1.73–6.58), and 1.04 (95% CI, 1.00–1.08), respectively, after adjusting for confounding factors with multivariable logistic regression analysis.CONCLUSIONSPrevalence of hypospadias increased during 1993–2005 in the two provinces in southeast China. Maternal fever in the first trimester and birth of twins or more children are associated with the risk for hypospadias. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Great saphenous varicose vein surgery without saphenofemoral junction disconnection
Authors: Zamboni P , Gianesini S , Menegatti E , Tacconi G , Palazzo A , Liboni A 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
The aim of this case–control study was to determine whether preoperative duplex imaging could predict the outcome of varicose vein surgery without saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) disconnection. The duplex protocol included a reflux elimination test (RET) and assessment of the competence of the terminal valve of the femoral vein.

Methods
One hundred patients with chronic venous disease who had a positive RET result and an incompetent terminal valve were compared with 100 patients matched for age, sex, clinical class (Clinical Etiologic Anatomic Pathophysiologic (CEAP) class C2–C6) and disease duration, but who had a positive RET result and a competent terminal valve. All patients underwent ligation and proximal avulsion of the incompetent tributaries from the great saphenous vein trunk without SFJ disconnection. Clinical and duplex follow-up lasted for 3 years, and included Hobbs' clinical score.

Results
Of legs with a competent terminal valve, 100 per cent were rated as cured (Hobbs' class A or B) and 14·0 per cent developed recurrent varices. Patients with an incompetent terminal valve had significantly worse results: 29·0 per cent had Hobbs' class A or B and 82·0 per cent developed recurrence (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Preoperative duplex assessment of the terminal valve could be used to identify patients suitable for varicose vein surgery without the need for SFJ disconnection.
Chromatographic studies of some cephalosporins on thin layers of silica gel G–zinc ferrocyanide
Authors: Singh Dhruv K. , Maheshwari Gunjan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA simple, selective and precise thin‐layer chromatographic method has been developed for the analysis of eight cephalosporin antibiotics, namely cephadroxil, cephalexin, cefixime, cefaclor, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefuroxime axetil, cefotaxime sodium and ceftriaxone sodium. The hRF values of these cephalosporins were investigated on silica gel G–zinc ferrocyanide layers. Mixing of zinc ferrocyanide with silica gel G resulted in a decrease in hRF values, removal of tailing and better resolutions. The influence of silica gel G–zinc ferrocyanide ratio and mobile phases on the chromatographic behavior of cephalosporins on thin layers was investigated. Cephalosporins were selectively separated in their binary and ternary synthetic mixtures and pharmaceutical formulations. Quantitative separations of cephalosporins from their synthetic mixtures were also achieved with good recoveries (97.8–100.3%). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rational design for variability minimization in bioanalytical method validation: illustration with LC‐MS/MS assay method for terbinafine estimation in human plasma
Authors: Gurule Sanjay , Khuroo Arshad , Monif Tausif , Goswami Dipanjan , Saha Arabinda 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTerbinafine, a widely used antifungal drug, is a challenging molecule for quantitative bioanalysis due to certain factors contributing assay variability. Despite previous attempts at human plasma determination of terbinafine, exhaustive stability of the drug or an internal standard was lacking. Internal standard stability with negligible variation throughout the analysis is an indicator of a reliable bioanalytical method as the majority of LC–MS/MS assays are based on analyte/IS response ratios for quantitation. A newly developed high‐throughput simple LC‐MS/MS method is described for human plasma determination of terbinafine using naftifine internal standard and eluting all compounds within 2 min. A solid‐phase extraction of terbinafine achieving mean recovery of 84.3% (CV < 4%) without compromising sensitivity (limit of quantitation 5.11 ng/mL) or linearity (5.11–3014.19 ng/mL) is delineated in this paper. A heated nebulizer in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode was employed with transitions m/z 292.2 →141.1 and 288.2 →117.0 for terbinafine and naftifine, respectively, resulting in excellent chromatographic separation on a Hypurity Advance (50 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column. The developed method was successfully applied to clinical samples and for the first time demonstrated marked improved extraction efficiency and reliable long‐term plasma stability results without any internal standard response variation during the entire course of study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative determination of sparfloxacin in rat plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Noh Keumhan , Kwon Kwang‐il , Jeong Tae Cheon , Kang Wonku 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSparfloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is used for the treatment of bacterial infection. A quantification method using mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of sparfloxacin in rat plasma. After simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile, the analytes were chromatographed on a reversed‐phase C18 column and detected by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. The accuracy and precision of the assay were in accordance with FDA regulations for validation of bioanalytical methods. This method was applied to measure the plasma sparfloxacin concentrations after a single oral administration of sparfloxacin in rats. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioanalytical method development and validation of novel antithrombotic agent S002‐333 by LC‐MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Bhatta R. S. , Kumar D. , Chhonker Y. S. , Saxena A. K. , Jain G. K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA rapid, sensitive and simple liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method using an electrospray ionization (ECI) source for the quantification of novel anti‐thrombotic agent S002‐333 [2‐(4‐methoxy‐benzenesulfonyl)‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1H‐β‐carboxylic acid amide] in rabbit plasma was developed and validated. The extraction from plasma was carried out by simple protein precipitation extraction method. The chromatographic separation was performed on an Ultramex Cyno, (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a guard column, using acetonitrile–water (75:25,v/v) with flow rate of 0.6 mL/min as the mobile phase. The tandem mass spectrometer was tuned in the multiple reaction monitoring mode to monitor them/ztransitions 386.4/215.4 for S002‐333 andm/z393.4/171for the internal standard dexamethasone, using positive ion mode. The MS/MS response was linear over the concentration range from 1.56 to 200 ng/mL, with a lower limit of detection of 0.78 ng/mL. The accuracy and precision of the method were within the acceptable limit of ±20% at the lower limit of quantitation and ±15% at other concentrations and showed no significant matrix effect. The validated method can be used in most or all stages of the screening and optimizing process for future method validation of pharmacokinetic studies Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Acylation of Anisole over Hierarchical Porous ZSM‐5 Structure
Authors: Padmanabhan A. , Selvin R. , Hsu H.‐L. , Xiao L.‐W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFriedel‐Crafts acylation is one of the most important methods to prepare aromatic ketones which are used in manufacturing fine and speciality chemicals, as well as pharmaceuticals. Herein, we report an efficient and convenient procedure for the acylation of anisole with acetic anhydride, using a hierarchical porous ZSM‐5 catalyst. The hierarchical porous ZSM‐5 catalyst was synthesized using styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) as macroporous template. The catalysts were characterized for their structural features by using XRD, SEM, and FT‐IR analyses. The effect of temperature, molar ratio, and catalyst weight on the acylation of anisole was studied in detail. The reaction parameters such as anisole‐to‐acetic anhydride mole ratio, catalyst weight, and reaction temperature were optimized as 5:1, 0.2 g, and 70 °C, respectively. The method described here is environmentally benign and replaces the conventional catalyst by a highly active and reusable catalyst.