bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi‐level investigation of psychological contract breach and organizational identification through the lens of perceived organizational membership: Testing a moderated–mediated model
Authors: Epitropaki Olga 
Published: April 2012

SummaryDrawing on the perceived organizational membership theoretical framework and the social identity view of dissonance theory, I examined in this study the dynamics of the relationship between psychological contract breach and organizational identification. I included group‐level transformational and transactional leadership as well as procedural justice in the hypothesized model as key antecedents for organizational membership processes. I further explored the mediating role of psychological contract breach in the relationship between leadership, procedural justice climate, and organizational identification and proposed separateness–connectedness self‐schema as an important moderator of the above mediated relationship. Hierarchical linear modeling results from a sample of 864 employees from 162 work units in 10 Greek organizations indicated that employees' perception of psychological contract breach negatively affected their organizational identification. I also found psychological contract breach to mediate the impact of transformational and transactional leadership on organizational identification. Results further provided support for moderated mediation and showed that the indirect effects of transformational and transactional leadership on identification through psychological contract breach were stronger for employees with a low connectedness self‐schema. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The moderating role of social ties on entrepreneurs' depressed affect and withdrawal intentions in response to economic stress
Authors: Pollack Jeffrey M. , Vanepps Eric M. , Hayes Andrew F. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryWe explored whether contact with business‐related social ties would buffer entrepreneurs against the potentially deleterious effects of economic stress. Our proposed stress‐buffering model builds on the premise that social ties with similar others can serve as both a source of valuable information and a source of empathic support. Findings from a sample of 262 entrepreneurs revealed that the relation between economic stress and intentions to withdraw from entrepreneurial opportunities was stronger among individuals reporting less contact with social ties and weaker among those who reported more contact with social ties. We further examined the indirect effects of economic stress and contact with business‐related social ties on entrepreneurs' future intentions through depressed affect. Results showed that among those reporting less contact with social ties, the indirect effect is positive, meaning greater economic stress leads to higher depressed affect, which in turn results in greater intentions to withdraw from entrepreneurship. Among those with more contact with social ties, there is no evidence of this process at work. We interpret this to mean that social ties serve to buffer the impact of economic stress on depressed affect, which in turn reduces an entrepreneur's intention to withdraw from entrepreneurship. Those who seem most susceptible to the impact of economic stress are those with relatively limited contact with business‐related social ties. We discuss implications and directions for future research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robotic adrenalectomy
Authors: Taskin Halit Eren , Berber Eren 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOver the last decade, there has been a significant progress in general surgical applications of robotic surgery. Multiple groups have reported safe and effective techniques for robotic adrenalectomy. Our aim in this review is to describe these techniques and summarize the literature on outcomes. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:622–625. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retroperitoneal tumors that may be confused as adrenal pathologies
Authors: Taskin Halit Eren , Berber Eren 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThere are a number of retroperitoneal pathologies that may be confused with adrenal tumors. It is important to suspect and recognize these conditions as their management and work up might be different than adrenal tumors. This review will go in to the differential diagnosis and unique features of these conditions. A management strategy will also be provided. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:600–603. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pseudoaneurysm of the superior thyroid artery following revision tracheostomy
Authors: Lin Harrison W. , Reilly Brian K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis case report describes the presentation and management of a rare complication of pseudoaneurysm of the superior thyroid artery following tracheostomy. The majority of post‐tracheostomy bleeding is managed either with packing or surgical re‐exploration. However, angiography can pinpoint an arterial source of bleeding and allow the surgeon to address it via either a traditional open surgical approach or with minimally invasive endovascular embolization.
Some chronic rhinosinusitis patients have elevated populations of fungi in their sinuses
Authors: Murr Andrew H. , Goldberg Andrew N. , Pletcher Steven D. , Dillehay Kelsey , Wymer Larry J. , Vesper Stephen J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To measure the populations of 36 fungi in the homes and sinuses of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and non‐CRS patients.Study Design:Single‐blind cross‐sectional study.Methods:Populations of 36 fungi were measured in sinus samples and in the home vacuum cleaner dust of CRS (n = 73) and non‐CRS patients (n = 16) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Etest strips containing amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin, fluconazole, and voriconazole were used to test the susceptibility of seven potentially relevant fungi.Results:Seven fungi (Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides types 1 and 2, Cladosporium herbarum, Penicillium brevicompactum, Penicillium crustosum, and Penicillium chrysogenum type 2) were discovered at very high concentrations in some CRS patients. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of these seven fungi demonstrated species specific sensitivities. Four CRS patients with marked elevations of fungal populations in their sinus samples underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. After surgical treatment, the fungal populations were reduced by several orders of magnitude.Conclusions:Seven fungi were found in very high concentrations in the sinuses of some CRS patients. Not one of the five common antifungal agents could control all seven of these fungi based on in vitro tests.
Paraplegia increases skeletal muscle autophagy
Authors: Fry Christopher S. , Drummond Micah J. , Lujan Heidi L. , Dicarlo Stephen E. , Rasmussen Blake B. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction: Paraplegia results in significant skeletal muscle atrophy through increases in skeletal muscle protein breakdown. Recent work has identified a novel SIRT1–p53 pathway that is capable of regulating autophagy and protein breakdown. Methods: Soleus muscle was collected from 6 male Sprague‐Dawley rats 10 weeks after complete T4–5 spinal cord transection (paraplegia group) and 6 male sham‐operated rats (control group). We utilized immunoblotting methods to measure intracellular proteins and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction to measure the expression of skeletal muscle microRNAs. Results: SIRT1 protein expression was 37% lower, and p53 acetylation (LYS379) was increased in the paraplegic rats (P < 0.05). Atg7 and Beclin‐1, markers of autophagy induction, were elevated in the paraplegia group compared with controls (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Severe muscle atrophy resulting from chronic paraplegia appears to increase skeletal muscle autophagy independent of SIRT1 signaling. We conclude that chronic paraplegia may cause an increase in autophagic cell death and negatively impact skeletal muscle protein balance. Muscle Nerve 46: 793–798, 2012
Loss of Cdk2 and Cdk4 Induces a Switch from Proliferation to Differentiation in Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Lim Shuhui , Kaldis Philipp 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
During neurogenesis, cell cycle regulators play a pivotal role in ensuring proper proliferation, cell cycle exit, and differentiation of neural precursors. However, the precise role of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) in these processes is not well understood. We generated Cdk2 and Cdk4 double knockout (DKO) mice and found a striking ablation of the intermediate zone and cortical plate in mouse embryonic brain. When neural stem cells (NSCs) were isolated and analyzed, DKO NSCs proliferated comparable to wild type as Cdk1 now binds to cyclin D1 and E1 and assumes the role vacated by the loss of Cdk2 and Cdk4 in phosphorylating Rb. Although compensation was sufficient for the maintenance of self-renewal and multilineage potential, DKO NSCs displayed an altered cell cycle profile and were more prone to neuronal differentiation. This was manifested in vivo as a marked reduction in S-phase length and an increased tendency for neurogenic divisions that prevented proper expansion of the basal progenitor pool. Our data thus demonstrate the induction of neurogenic divisions in the absence of critical mediators of G1/S transition—Cdk2 and Cdk4, and highlight their evolutionary importance in the determination of cortical thickness.
Hirschsprung disease: a developmental disorder of the enteric nervous system
Authors: McKeown Sonja J. , Stamp Lincon , Hao Marlene M. , Young Heather M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHirschsprung disease (HSCR), which is also called congenital megacolon or intestinal aganglionosis, is characterized by an absence of enteric (intrinsic) neurons from variable lengths of the most distal bowel. Because enteric neurons are essential for propulsive intestinal motility, infants with HSCR suffer from severe constipation and have a distended abdomen. Currently the only treatment is surgical removal of the affected bowel. HSCR has an incidence of around 1:5,000 live births, with a 4:1 male:female gender bias. Most enteric neurons arise from neural crest cells that emigrate from the caudal hindbrain and then migrate caudally along the entire gut. The absence of enteric neurons from variable lengths of the bowel in HSCR results from a failure of neural crest‐derived cells to colonize the affected gut regions. HSCR is therefore regarded as a neurocristopathy. HSCR is a multigenic disorder and has become a paradigm for understanding complex factorial disorders. The major HSCR susceptibility gene is RET. The penetrance of several mutations in HSCR susceptibility genes is sex‐dependent. HSCR can occur as an isolated disorder or as part of syndromes; for example, Type IV Waardenburg syndrome is characterized by deafness and pigmentation defects as well as intestinal aganglionosis. Studies using animal models have shown that HSCR genes regulate multiple processes including survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Research into HSCR and the development of enteric neurons is an excellent example of the cross fertilization of ideas that can occur between human molecular geneticists and researchers using animal models. WIREs Dev Biol 2013, 2:113–129. doi: 10.1002/wdev.57This article is categorized under:

Birth Defects > Craniofacial and Nervous System Anomalies
Long‐term changes in spatial distribution of birds responding to a group‐selection timber harvest
Authors: Campbell Steven P. , Witham Jack W. , Hunter Malcolm L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe investigated the spatial response of 20 bird species to a group‐selection timber harvest within a 40‐ha forest stand over a 20‐year period (5 yr preharvest and 15 yr postharvest). To characterize the spatial response of each species, we examined trends in 3 metrics: proportion of harvest‐created canopy‐gap area that occurred within the area used by a species in each year, average distance to the nearest gap of all observations of a species in a year, and distribution of distances between observations and gaps for each species in each year. Eight species (eastern wood‐pewee [Contopus virens], winter wren [Troglodytes troglodytes], hermit thrush [Catharus guttatus], Nashville warbler [Vermivora ruficapilla], black‐and‐white warbler [Mniotilta varia], pine warbler [Dendroica pinus], common yellowthroat [Geothlypis trichas], and white‐throated sparrow [Zonotrichia albicollis]) responded positively to the timber harvest (i.e., the proportion of gaps in their area of use increased, the distance from gaps decreased, and their use of gaps and edges [0–25 m from gaps] increased). In contrast, veeries (Catharus fuscescens), black‐throated green warblers (Dendroica virens), and ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus) avoided gaps and edges. Changes in spatial distributions were generally short‐lived; by 15 years postharvest the use of the harvested areas by nearly all species had approached preharvest levels. The spatial response of birds to group‐selection timber harvesting indicates that there are unlikely to be serious long‐term effects of the harvest on forest bird populations. However, there may be more subtle, short‐term effects, such as crowding of mature‐forest bird species into surrounding forest, which merit further study. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Impact of Preoperative α‐Fetoprotein Level on Disease‐Free Survival After Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Muscari Fabrice , Guinard Jean‐Pascal , Kamar Nassim , Peron Jean‐Marie , Otal Philippe , Suc Bertrand 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative α‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels may have an influence on disease‐free survival (DFS) of patients after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) located on a cirrhotic liver.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2009, two groups were distinguished according to preoperative AFP level: normal‐level group (<10 ng/ml) and increased‐level group (>10 ng/ml). The increased‐level group was further divided into three levels of preoperative AFP: 10–150, 150–500, and ≥500 ng/ml. DFS and recurrence rates were compared. All patients underwent transplantation using the preoperative 5/5 criteria.ResultsOf the 122 patients in this study, 63 had normal and 59 had increased preoperative AFP. There were no differences between the two groups concerning perioperative or pathologic data. Those with an increased preoperative AFP level had a significantly shorter 5‐year DFS, and their recurrence rate was higher than that of the normal AFP group. The 5‐year DFS and recurrence rates were 71 and 4 %, respectively, for those with normal AFP; 57 and 10 %, respectively, for those with AFP 10–150 ng/ml; 46 and 24 %, respectively, for those with AFP 150–500 ng/ml; and 28 and 62 %, respectively, for those with AFP ≥500 ng/ml.ConclusionsThis study shows the prognostic value of preoperative AFP levels on DFS after a liver transplant for HCC in a population of patients undergoing transplantation with the same preoperative criteria.
Systems of Care as Asset‐Building Communities: Implementing Strengths‐Based Planning and Positive Youth Development
Authors: McCammon Susan L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractUsing a strength‐based approach is one of the hallmarks of the system of care (SOC) initiative, and is consistent with the foundations of community psychology. However, while strengths‐based planning is recommended and child and family teams often list child and family strengths, the care plans often do not incorporate the strengths in strategies and interventions. The research base regarding strength implementation and effectiveness is summarized, and needed research is outlined. Steps are offered for promoting the use of strengths in SOCS. Implementing programs from the field of positive youth development is advocated as a way that the educational and criminal justice systems could be more actively engaged in implementing strength‐based strategies in SOCs. Promoting SOCs to focus more attentively to asset‐building (at the child, family, and community level) is compatible with a public health model that addresses mental health concerns in the context of a full range of supports and services so that all children might experience good mental health and realize their potential.
Importance of local data on occurrence and outcomes of renal cell cancer
Authors: Veeratterapillay R , Rakhra S , El-Sherif A , Robson C , Johnson MI , Pickard RS , Soomro N , Heer R 
Published: April 2012

Background: In comparatively socioeconomically deprived areas male cancer mortality is often above the national average. Given this, we explored the pattern of presentation and outcomes of men with conventional clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) undergoing nephrectomy at a North East of England regional tertiary referral centre. Patients and methods: A retrospective review of CCRCC patients treated with nephrectomy between 2004 and 2008 was performed. Risk of progression for men and women was calculated using Mayo, Memorial Sloan-Kettering (MSK) and Kattan prognostic scores. Outcomes of disease free progression and overall survival were measured. Results: 292 patients with complete local follow up were identified that had undergone radical nephrectomy for conventional clear cell histology. The median (range) follow up was 36 months (10–65 months), and men accounted for 64% of these cases. At presentation, 45% of cases presented with stage III–IV (>T2, N0/1, M0/1) disease compared with 32% nationally (BAUS cancer registry). At diagnosis men had more advanced tumours compared with women (54% vs. 22% for stage >T2, N0/1, M0/1; p < 0.001) and had higher risk of progression based on prognostic scores ( p < 0.01) despite similar risk factors and clinical symptoms. Early outcome analysis comparing men to women revealed both lower disease-free survival (82% vs. 89%) and overall survival (87% vs. 93%) in men at 24 months ( p < 0.01). However, stage for stage comparisons between men and women demonstrated no significant difference in survival. Discussion: Men in the North East of England presented later with more advanced CCRCC. The reason for this remained undefined in this study. This pattern is consistent with reports of adverse male cancer-related outcomes in deprived areas and highlights the importance of local data in planning local health care.
Maternal personality traits and risk of preterm birth and fetal growth restriction
Authors: Chatzi L. , Koutra K. , Vassilaki M. , Vardiampasis A. , Georgiou V. , Koutis A. , Lionis C. , Bitsios P. , Kogevinas M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground/AimsMaternal personality may increase vulnerability to stress, which could lead to an unfavourable intrauterine environment to the fetus. We sought to investigate the impact of maternal personality traits on adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth, and fetal growth restriction in the mother-child cohort study (RHEA Study) in Crete, Greece 2007–2009.MethodsFive hundred and eighty pregnant women participating in “Rhea” cohort study completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) at 28–32 weeks of gestation. Information on anthropometric measures at birth was obtained from the hospital delivery logs and medical records. Fetal growth restriction was based on a customized model, and multivariate logistic regression models were used adjusting for confounders.ResultsA per unit increase in the EPQ Neuroticism scale increased the risk for fetal weight growth restriction by 9% [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95 percent CI: 1.01, 1.19)], and for fetal head circumference growth restriction by 6% [OR = 1.06, 95 percent CI: 1.01, 1.18] after adjusting for maternal age, education, origin, marital status, working status, pre-pregnancy BMI, delivery type, parity, smoking, and alcohol intake during pregnancy.ConclusionsMaternal neuroticism, which predisposes to negative mood, may be a risk factor for fetal growth restriction.
Maximum-entropy closure for a Galerkin model of an incompressible periodic wake
Authors: Noack Bernd R. , Niven Robert K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA statistical closure is proposed for a Galerkin model of an incompressible periodic cylinder wake. This closure employs Jaynes’ maximum entropy principle to infer the probability distribution for mode amplitudes using exact statistical balance equations as side constraints. The analysis predicts mean amplitude values and modal energy levels in good agreement with direct Navier–Stokes simulation. In addition, it provides an analytical equation for the modal energy distribution.
Spontaneous inertia-gravity-wave generation by surface-intensified turbulence
Authors: Danioux E. , Vanneste J. , Klein P. , Sasaki H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe spontaneous generation of inertia-gravity waves (IGWs) by surface-intensified, nearly balanced motion is examined using a high-resolution simulation of the primitive equations in an idealized oceanic configuration. At large scale and mesoscale, the dynamics, which is driven by baroclinic instability near the surface, is balanced and qualitatively well described by the surface quasi-geostrophic model. This however predicts an increase of the Rossby number with decreasing spatial scales and, hence, a breakdown of balance at small scale; the generation of IGWs is a consequence of this breakdown. The wave field is analysed away from the surface, at depths where the associated vertical velocities are of the same order as those associated with the balanced motion. Quasi-geostrophic relations, the omega equation in particular, prove sufficient to separate the IGWs from the balanced contribution to the motion. A spectral analysis indicates that the wave energy is localized around dispersion relation for free IGWs, and decays only slowly as the frequency and horizontal wavenumber increase. The IGW generation is highly intermittent in time and space: localized wavepackets are emitted when thin filaments in the surface density are formed by straining, leading to large vertical vorticity and correspondingly large Rossby numbers. At depth, the IGW field is the result of a number of generation events; away from the generation sites it takes the form of a relatively homogeneous, apparently random wave field. The energy of the IGW field generated spontaneously is estimated and found to be several orders of magnitude smaller than the typical IGW energy in the ocean.
CONTEXTUAL RISK FACTORS FOR MATERNAL MALNUTRITION IN A FOOD-INSECURE ZONE IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: REGASSA NIGATU , STOECKER BARBARA J. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThis study examined the nutritional status of mothers in one of the most populous food-insecure zones in southern Ethiopia, the Sidama zone. The study used primary data collected from 1094 households with a child under 24 months located in ten kebeles (the smallest administrative district). Households were selected using multi-stage probability sampling techniques. The mothers' nutritional status was estimated using both body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC). The results from the BMI analysis revealed that 28.1% of the women were malnourished (BMI <18.5) and 67.5% were normal (BMI 18.5 to <25.0), while the remaining small proportion (4.5%) fell in the overweight or obese categories. Similarly, the computation of maternal nutritional status by MUAC analysis showed that 31.4% of the women were malnourished (MUAC <22). Further analysis of the main predictors of maternal malnutrition using logistic regression showed that three individual-level variables and three household-level variables predicted maternal malnutrition: woman's age, duration of breast-feeding, literacy status, marital form, land size and intra-household food distribution. The study concludes that maternal malnutrition is a serious problem in the study area and that there are contextual risk factors that could be addressed to partially tackle the problem.