bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial patterns of intrinsic brain activity in mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer's disease: A resting‐state functional MRI study
Authors: Wang Zhiqun , Yan Chaogan , Zhao Cheng , Qi Zhigang , Zhou Weidong , Lu Jie , He Yong , Li Kuncheng 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe used resting‐state functional MRI to investigate spatial patterns of spontaneous brain activity in 22 healthy elderly subjects, as well as 16 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 16 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The pattern of intrinsic brain activity was measured by examining the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of blood oxygen level dependent signal during rest. There were widespread ALFF differences among the three groups throughout the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices. Both AD and MCI patients showed decreased activity mainly in the medial parietal lobe region and lentiform nucleus, while there was increased activity in the lateral temporal regions and superior frontal and parietal regions as compared with controls. Compared with MCI, the AD patients showed decreased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and increased activity in the superior frontal gyrus and inferior and superior temporal gyri. Specifically, the most significant ALFF differences among the groups appeared in the posterior cingulate cortex, with a reduced pattern of activity when comparing healthy controls, MCI, and AD patients. Additionally, we also showed that the regions with ALFF changes had significant correlations with the cognitive performance of patients as measured by mini‐mental state examination scores. Finally, while taking gray matter volume as covariates, the ALFF results were approximately consistent with those without gray matter correction, implying that the functional analysis could not be explained by regional atrophy. Together, our results demonstrate that there is a specific pattern of ALFF in AD and MCI, thus providing insights into biological mechanisms of the diseases. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Free flap reconstruction of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible: A 10‐year review and defect classification
Authors: Baumann Donald P. , Yu Peirong , Hanasono Matthew M. , Skoracki Roman J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of free flap reconstruction for advanced osteoradionecrosis (ORN) defects and develop an algorithm to guide surgical planning.MethodsAll cases involving free flap reconstruction for ORN of the mandible between 1998 and 2008 were reviewed. A defect classification scheme was developed. Flap selection and outcomes were analyzed and evaluated by defect type.ResultsSeventy‐five free flaps and 13 pedicle flaps were performed in 63 patients. Total flap loss was 5%. Overall surgical complication was 32%. Complication rates were higher with bone flaps than with soft tissue flaps (p = .018). A full oral diet was tolerated in 57% of patients, whereas 26% required partial tube feeding, and 16% were tube‐feeding dependent.ConclusionFree flap reconstruction of advanced ORN defects can be safely performed in a variety of flap configurations with good outcomes. The classification scheme may assist in flap selection. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Extraction of a headscarf pin from the vertebral artery without embolization
Authors: Ilan Ophir , Weinberger Jeffrey M. , Gomori J. Moshe , Gross Menachem 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundForeign bodies traversing the aerodigestive tract lining into the surrounding soft tissues is a well‐known entity. A 14‐year‐old girl was referred to our hospital after swallowing a pin that was not visualized by laryngoscopy, despite a neck film that localized it to the level of the larynx.MethodsA CT scan demonstrated a bent pin piercing the left vertebral artery “through and through,” and this was confirmed by angiography. The pin was extracted via an external approach to the neck without preoperative intravascular manipulation.ResultsAngiography immediately after the surgery demonstrated a stable thrombotic sleeve in the vertebral artery without further clot propagation or bleeding from the vessel wall. This is the first report of a “through and through” thrombotic sleeve in an artery.ConclusionsSimple surgical removal of a sharp foreign body from the vertebral artery without intravascular management may be a reasonable option. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Human genetic variants of homologous recombination repair genes first found to be associated with Epstein–Barr virus antibody titers in healthy Cantonese
Authors: Shen Guo‐Ping , Pan Qing‐Hua , Hong Ming‐Huang , Qin Hai‐De , Xu Ya‐Fei , Chen Li‐Zhen , Feng Qi‐Sheng , Jorgensen Timothy J. , Shugart Yin Yao , Zeng Yi‐Xin , Jia Wei‐Hua 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is a major risk factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Despite high prevalence of infection among the general population worldwide, only a small proportion of infected individuals presents with seropositivity for EBV‐specific IgA antibodies. This seropositive subgroup of EBV carriers has an elevated cumulative risk for NPC during their lifetime. Previous studies reported that the host homologous recombination repair (HRR) system participates in EBV lytic replication, suggesting a potential mechanism to influence EBV reactivation status and thus seropositivity. To investigate whether genetic variants of HRR genes are associated with the serostatus in a healthy population, we investigated the association between seropositivity for anti‐VCA‐IgA and 156 tagging SNPs in 35 genes connected with HRR in an observational study among 755 healthy Cantonese speakers in southern China. Six variant alleles of MDC1, RAD54L, TP53BP1, RPA1, LIG3 and RFC1 exhibited associations with seropositivity (ptrend from 0.0085 to 0.00027). Our study provides evidence that genetic variation within the HRR might affect an individual's propensity for EBV seropositive status of anti‐VCA IgA antibody.
Occupational and residential exposure to electromagnetic fields and risk of brain tumors in adults: A case–control study in Gironde, France
Authors: Baldi Isabelle , Coureau Gaëlle , Jaffré Anne , Gruber Anne , Ducamp Stéphane , Provost Dorothée , Lebailly Pierre , Vital Anne , Loiseau Hugues , Salamon Roger 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe etiology of brain tumors remains largely unknown. Among potential risk factors, exposure to electromagnetic fields is suspected. We analyzed the relationship between residential and occupational exposure to electromagnetic field and brain tumors in adults. A case–control study was carried out in southwestern France between May 1999 and April 2001. A total of 221 central nervous system tumors (105 gliomas, 67 meningiomas, 33 neurinomas and 16 others) and 442 individually age‐ and sex‐matched controls selected from general population were included. Electromagnetic field exposure [extremely low frequency (ELF) and radiofrequency separately was assessed in occupational settings through expert judgement based on complete job calendar, and at home by assessing the distance to power lines with the help of a geographical information system. Confounders such as education, use of home pesticide, residency in a rural area and occupational exposure to chemicals were taken into account. Separate analyses were performed for gliomas, meningiomas and acoustic neurinomas. A nonsignificant increase in risk was found for occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields [odds ratio (OR = 1.52, 0.92–2.51)]. This increase became significant for meningiomas, especially when considering ELF separately [OR = 3.02; 95 percent confidence interval (95% CI) =1.10–8.25]. The risk of meningioma was also higher in subjects living in the vicinity of power lines (<100 m), even if not significant (OR = 2.99, 95% CI 0.86–10.40). These data suggest that occupational or residential exposure to ELF may play a role in the occurrence of meningioma.
Molecular imaging of vulnerable plaques in rabbits using contrast‐enhanced ultrasound targeting to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2
Authors: Liu Hong , Wang Xiang , Tan Kai‐Bing , Liu Ping , Zhuo Zhong‐Xiong , Liu Zheng , Hua Xing , Zhuo Qin‐Qiang , Xia Hong‐Mei , Gao Yun‐Hua 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPurposeIncreased neovascularization has been identified as a feature of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and can be traced by microbubble ultrasound contrast agents (UCA). We investigated the relationship between retention of a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR‐2) targeted UCA and VEGFR‐2 expression in a vulnerable plaque model in rabbits.MethodsMicrobubbles targeting to VEGFR‐2 were prepared by conjugation of biotinylated microbubbles with biotinylated VEGFR‐2 antibody via streptavidin. Vulnerability was created by delivering recombinant p53 adenovirus to atherosclerotic plaques obtained in abdominal aorta by a high cholesterol diet and balloon endothelial injury. Twelve week later, the average video intensity of pre‐ and postcontrast ultrasound images was measured. VEGFR‐2 expression and vascular density were quantified by immunohistochemical staining.ResultsRetention of targeted UCA in plaques was higher than that of nontargeted UCA (144 ± 18 dB versus 107 ± 9 dB; Z= −3.984, p
= 0.000). VEGFR‐2 expression was correlated with video intensity of targeted (r2 = 0.78, p
= 0.001), but not of nontargeted, UCA (r2= 0.17, p ≥ 0.05).ConclusionsThe magnitude of the sonographic signal from retained VEGFR‐2 targeted UCA correlates with VEGFR‐2 expression. These results validate the use of targeted UCA for sonographic imaging of vulnerable abdominal artery plaques in rabbits. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20759
Necrotizing fasciitis: Early sonographic diagnosis
Authors: Wronski Marek , Slodkowski Maciej , Cebulski Wlodzimierz , Karkocha Dominika , Krasnodebski Ireneusz W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNecrotizing fasciitis is a rare, but potentially fatal bacterial infection of the soft tissues. Establishing the diagnosis at the early stages of the disease remains the greatest challenge. We report a case ofnecrotizing fasciitis involving the upper extremity. Sonography revealed subcutaneous emphysema spreading along the deep fascia, swelling, and increased echogenicity of the overlying fatty tissue with interlacing fluid collections. The patient responded well to early surgical debridement and parenteral antibiotics. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
A NEW DIMENSION TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND HUMAN CAPITAL: THE ROLE OF POLITICAL AND CIVIL RIGHTS
Authors: Dutta Nabamita , Osei‐Yeboah Kwasi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDomestic human capital is definitely a determinant of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows for the developing world. Yet, the contribution of human capital will depend to a great extent on the institutional framework of a nation. Good political rights and civil liberties favour human capital to reap the benefits of FDI inflows more efficiently. Our paper shows that the interlinkages between FDI, human capital and institutions play a very important role in explaining FDI inflows to developing countries. The results show that in the presence of good political rights and civil liberties, the association between human and FDI inflows is enhanced. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of new galactose oxidase genes in Fusarium spp.
Authors: Aparecido Cordeiro Fabio , Bertechini Faria Carla , Parra Barbosa‐Tessmann Ione 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGalactose oxidase (GO) converts galactose to an aldehyde and has several biotechnological applications, including cancer diagnosis. It is mainly produced by Fusarium austroamericanum but is also produced by Fusarium acuminatum and by isolates of the Fusarium graminearum and Gibberella fujikuroi complexes. The F. austroamericanum GO gaoA gene has been cloned, but the GO genes from other secreting species have not been characterized. Problems associated with the F. austroamericanum GO such as high pI and low catalytic efficiency and thermostability, and the difficult purification process makes the search for homologous genes attractive. In this work, the GO genes from Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium subglutinans, two species of the G. fujikuroi complex, were cloned, sequenced, and analyzed. New GO genes were found in databases and were used to construct a phylogenetic tree, which revealed the existence of three orthologous lineages of GO genes in Fusarium spp. In addition, RT‐PCR analyses revealed that the new GO cloned gene may be endogenously expressed in F. subglutinans but not in F. verticillioides, in the used culture conditions. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Production, characterization, cloning and sequence analysis of a monofunctional catalase from Serratia marcescens SYBC08
Authors: Zeng Hua‐Wei , Cai Yu‐Jie , Liao Xiang‐Ru , Zhang Feng , Zhang Da‐Bing 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA monofunctional catalase from Serratia marcescens SYBC08 produced by liquid state fermentation in 7 liter fermenter was isolated and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation (ASP), ion exchange chromatography (IEC), and gel filtration (GF) and characterized. Its sequence was analyzed by LC‐MS/MS technique and gene cloning. The highest catalase production (20,289 U · ml–1) was achieved after incubation for 40 h. The purified catalase had an estimated molecular mass of 230 kDa, consisting of four identical subunits of 58 kDa. High specific activity of the catalase (199,584 U · mg–1 protein) was 3.44 times higher than that of Halomonas sp. Sk1 catalase (57,900 U · mg–1 protein). The enzyme without peroxidase activity was found to be an atypical electronic spectrum of monofunctional catalase. The apparent Km and Vmax were 78 mM and 188, 212 per µM H2O2 µM heme–1 s–1, respectivly. The enzyme displayed a broad pH activity range (pH 5.0–11.0), with optimal pH range of 7.0–9.0: It was most active at 20 °C and had 78% activity at 0 °C. Its thermo stability was slightly higher compared to that of commercial catalase from bovine liver. LC–MS/MS analysis confirmed that the deduced amino acid sequence of cloning gene was the catalase sequence from Serratia marcescens SYBC08. The sequence was compared with that of 23 related catalases. Although most of active site residues, NADPH‐binding residues, proximal residues of the heme, distal residues of the heme and residues interacting with a water molecule in the enzyme were well conserved in 23 related catalases, weakly conserved residues were found. Its sequence was closely related with that of catalases from pathogenic bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae. This result imply that the enzyme with high specific activity plays a significant role in preventing those microorganisms of the family Enterobacteriaceae against hydrogen peroxide resulted in cellular damage. Calalase yield by Serratia marcescens SYBC08 has potential industrial application in scavenging hydrogen peroxide. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of the interspecific competitive ability of the bioincising fungus Physisporinus vitreus
Authors: Schubert M. , Schwarze F. W. M. R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA hierarchical set of assays were used to evaluate the interspecific competitive ability of the bioincising fungus Physiporinus vitreus (response species). The competitiveness and growth mode of P. vitreus against a range of blue stain fungi and Trichoderma species (challenge species) was investigated in dual culture tests (a) and a spatially heterogeneous system of tessellation agar (b) on different media. In addition, the robustness of the bioincising process against biotic influences was determined by controlled interaction tests with different inocula of the challenge species (colony‐forming units: 102, 104, 106ml–1) on Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) heartwood. The results of the dual culture and tessellation agar tests revealed a significant (P ≤ 0.001) antagonistic potential (lethal effect) of the T. atroviride strain (15603.1), whereas no or only a slight effect of the blue stain fungi on P. vitreus was detectable. The interaction tests on Norway spruce heartwood confirmed that an increase in inoculum size of the challenge fungi correlated with an increased negative effect (Spearman's rho coefficient (ρ) = –0.521). Among the challenge species, T‐15603.1 revealed the most negative effect on the homogeneous development of P. vitreus on wood and thus on the outcome of the bioincising process. To improve the uniformity of colonization and to reduce the rate of contamination, the incubation of wood in a sealed system (bioreactor) after sterilization is suggested. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cellular roles of neuronal calcium sensor‐1 and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinases in fungi
Authors: Tamuli Ranjan , Kumar Ravi , Deka Rekha 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe neuronal calcium sensor‐1 (NCS‐1) possesses a consensus signal for N‐terminal myristoylation and four EF‐hand Ca2+‐binding sites, and mediates the effects of cytosolic Ca2+. Minute changes in free intracellular Ca2+ are quickly transformed into changes in the activity of several kinases including calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinases (Ca2+/CaMKs) that are involved in regulating many eukaryotic cell functions. However, our current knowledge of NCS‐1 and Ca2+/CaMKs comes mostly from studies of the mammalian enzymes. Thus far very few fungal homologues of NCS‐1 and Ca2+/CaMKs have been characterized and little is known about their cellular roles. In this minireview, we describe the known sequences, interactions with target proteins and cellular roles of NCS‐1 and Ca2+/CaMKs in fungi. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Late Holocene climate change in central Sweden inferred from lacustrine stable isotope data
Authors: Andersson Sofia , Rosqvist Gunhild , leng Melanie j. , Wastegård Stefan , Blaauw Maarten 
Published: November 2010

AbstractStable isotopes (δ18O and δ13C) of lacustrine carbonates (Chara spp. algae and Pisidium spp. molluscs) from a lake sedimentary sequence in central Sweden were analysed to infer changes in lake hydrology and climate during the late Holocene. Results from analysis of lake water isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) show that Lake Blektjärnen water isotope composition is responsive to the balance between evaporation and input water (E/I ratio). A high E/I ratio results from a dry and probably warmer climate, decreasing the relative importance of precipitation input. Under such conditions evaporation and atmospheric equilibration probably enrich lake water in 18O and 13C, respectively, which is reflected in the isotopic composition of the carbonates in the lake. From the relatively positive Chara δ18O values we infer that conditions were dry and warm between 4400 and 4000 cal. a BP, whereas more negative values indicate that conditions were wetter and probably cooler between 4000 and 3000 cal. a BP. A drier climate is inferred from more positive values between 2500 and 1000 cal. a BP. However, a successive depletion after ca. 1750 cal. a BP, also detected in several other δ18O records (carbonate and diatom), suggest increasingly wetter conditions in Scandinavia after that time, which is probably related to increased strength of the zonal flow. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of microwave‐assisted extraction of polyphenols from apple pomace using response surface methodology and HPLC analysis
Authors: Bai Xue‐Lian , Yue Tian‐Li , Yuan Ya‐Hong , Zhang Hua‐Wei 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA simple and efficient microwave‐assisted extraction of polyphenols from industrial apple pomace was developed and optimized by the maximization of the yield using response surface methodology. A Box–Behnken design was used to monitor the effect of microwave power, extraction time, ethanol concentration and ratio of solvent to raw material (g/mL) on the polyphenols yield. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: microwave power 650.4 W, extraction time 53.7 s, ethanol concentration 62.1% and ratio of solvent to raw material 22.9:1. Validation tests indicated that the actual yield of polyphenols was 62.68±0.35 mg gallic acid equivalents per 100 g dry apple pomace with RSD=0.86% (n=5) under the optimal conditions, which was in good agreement with the predicted yield and higher than those of reflux and ultrasonic‐assisted extraction methods. HPLC analysis indicated that the major polyphenols of apple pomace consisted of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syrigin, procyanidin B2, (−)‐epicatechin, cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, phlorizin and quercetin, of which procyanidin B2 had the highest content of 219.4 mg/kg.
Visualization of Molecular Selectivity and Structure Generation for Selective Dopamine Inhibitors
Authors: Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Keiya Migita , Funatsu Kimito 
Published: November 2010

AbstractActivity landscapes were used in combination with atom colourings for the visualization of molecular selectivity. Multiple inhibitory activities in the dopamine family were selected in order to derive its molecular selectivity. All molecular structures were mapped in 2D chemical space by preserving the relative distance between any pair of molecules using multidimensional scaling. The values for the inhibitory activity against each dopamine isoenzyme (D2, D3, and D4) were added independently to the data points in 2D chemical space. Three activity landscapes were generated after carrying out colour‐graded interpolation between the data points. The activity landscapes facilitated the detection of three specific active regions and the corresponding specific inhibitors for D2, D3, and D4 isoenzymes. Three support vector regression models were separately constructed using extended connectivity fingerprint descriptors and each inhibitory data set. By applying the atom scores along with the graded‐colours to the specific inhibitors, the molecular selectivity differentiating each dopamine isoenzyme could be understood visually. Furthermore, the landscape technique was combined with structure generation to produce chemical structures that stay within the D3 specific active region.