bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and therapeutic delays among a multiethnic sample of breast and cervical cancer survivors
Authors: Ashing‐Giwa Kimlin T. , Gonzalez Patricia , Lim Jung‐Won , Chung Cathie , Paz Benjamin , Somlo George , Wakabayashi Mark T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Several publications reporting on health disparities document that ethnic minorities disproportionately experience delays in healthcare access, delivery, and treatment. However, few studies examine factors underlying access and receipt of healthcare among cancer survivors from the patient perspective. This study explores diagnostic and therapeutic care delays among a multiethnic sample of breast and cervical cancer survivors and examines contextual factors influencing diagnostic and therapeutic care delays.METHODS:Population‐based sampling and a cross‐sectional design were used to recruit 1377 survivors (breast cancer, n = 698; cervical cancer, n = 679). This multiethnic sample included 449 European American, 185 African American, 468 Latina American, and 275 Asian American survivors.RESULTS:Latina Americans were more likely to report diagnostic delays (P = .003), whereas African Americans were more likely to report therapeutic delays (P = .007). In terms of cancer type, cervical cancer survivors were more likely to report diagnostic (P = .004) and therapeutic delays (P = .000) compared with breast cancer survivors. “Fear of finding cancer” was the most frequently cited reason for diagnostic delays, and “medical reasons” were most frequently cited for therapeutic delays.CONCLUSIONS:Due in part to a higher proportion of diagnostic and therapeutic delays, ethnic minorities endure greater cancer burden, including poorer survival and survivorship outcomes. The medical community must recognize the impact of existing psychological and cultural dimensions on diagnostic care, as well as the personal and healthcare system level barriers that contribute to therapeutic delays. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm versus sporadic pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wasif Nabil , Bentrem David J. , Farrell James J. , Ko Clifford Y. , Hines Oscar J. , Reber Howard A. , Tomlinson James S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas is thought to be more indolent than sporadic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC), the natural history remains poorly defined. The authors compared survival and identify prognostic factors after resection for invasive IPMN versus stage‐matched PAC.METHODS:The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1991‐2005) was used to identify 729 patients with invasive IPMN and 8082 patients with PAC who underwent surgical resection.RESULTS:Patients with resected invasive IPMN experienced improved overall survival when compared with resected PAC (median survival, 21 vs 14 months; P < .001). Stratification by nodal status demonstrated no difference in survival among lymph node‐positive patients; however, median survival of resected, lymph node‐negative, invasive IPMN was significantly improved compared with lymph node‐negative PAC (34 vs 18 months; P < .001). On multivariate analysis, PAC histology was an adverse predictor of overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15‐1.50) compared with invasive IPMN. For patients with invasive IPMN, positive lymph nodes (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.50‐2.60), high tumor grade (HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.31‐2.31), tumor size >2 cm (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.04‐2.19), and age >66 years (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.73) were adverse predictors of survival.CONCLUSIONS:Although lymph node‐negative invasive IPMN showed improved survival after resection compared with lymph node‐negative PAC, the natural history of lymph node‐positive invasive IPMN mimicked that of lymph node‐positive PAC. The authors also identified adverse predictors of survival in invasive IPMN to guide discussions regarding use of adjuvant therapies and prognosis after resection of invasive IPMN. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Ethnicity and management of colon cancer in New Zealand
Authors: Hill Sarah , Sarfati Diana , Blakely Tony , Robson Bridget , Purdie Gordon , Dennett Elizabeth , Cormack Donna , Dew Kevin , Ayanian John Z. , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Racial and ethnic inequalities in colon cancer treatment have been reported in the United States but not elsewhere. The authors of this report compared cancer treatment in a nationally representative cohort of Maori (indigenous) and non‐Maori New Zealanders with colon cancer.METHODS:On the basis of cancer registry data, 301 Maori patients and 329 randomly selected non‐Maori patients were identified who were diagnosed with colon cancer between 1996 and 2003. Medical notes were reviewed, and surgical and oncology treatments were compared by indigenous status.RESULTS:Maori and non‐Maori patients had similar rates of surgical resection, although Maori patients were less likely to undergo extensive lymph node clearance and were more likely to die during the postoperative period. Maori patients were significantly less likely to receive chemotherapy for stage III disease (relative risk [RR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53‐0.91) and were more likely to experience a delay of at least 8 weeks before starting chemotherapy (RR, 1.98; 95%CI, 1.23‐3.16). Treatment disparities were not explained by differences in tumor characteristics or patient comorbidity.CONCLUSIONS:Maori New Zealanders with colon cancer were less likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy and experienced a lower quality of care compared with non‐Maori patients. The authors concluded that attention to health system factors is needed to ensure equal access and quality of cancer treatment for indigenous and ethnic minority populations. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Evaluation of trends in the use of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer from 2000 through 2005
Authors: Guadagnolo B. Ashleigh , Liu Chih‐Chin , Cormier Janice N. , Du Xianglin L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The current study was conducted to evaluate trends in utilization of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC).METHODS:Identified were 5487 patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) ‐Medicare linked database with a diagnosis of HNC (aged ≥65 years) between 2000 and 2005, who received any type of radiotherapy (RT). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the influence of patient, tumor, treatment, and sociodemographic characteristics on receipt of IMRT versus conventional radiotherapy techniques.RESULTS:Overall, 21.3% of patients in the cohort received IMRT as the technique of irradiation. The use of IMRT increased significantly, with 1.3% of patients receiving it in 2000 compared with 46.1% in 2005 (P <.0001 for trend). Patients treated with RT in 2005 were 68 times more likely to receive IMRT than those treated in 2000. There was significant geographic variation observed in use of IMRT, ranging from 11.3% of cases in Kentucky to 40.4% of cases in Hawaii. Patients in the census tracks comprising the lowest quartile for socioeconomic status were 33% less likely to receive IMRT than patients in the highest quartile, even when adjusting for geographic area and year of diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS:The use of IMRT has rapidly become widespread for the delivery of RT for patients with HNC. However, there was significant geographic variation noted in the utilization of IMRT. Patients in census tracks comprising the lowest socioeconomic quartile were less likely to receive IMRT than their more affluent counterparts. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
RC oscillator admits negative frequency
Authors: Williamsen Mark S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe humble resistance–capacitance (RC) oscillator has held our attention for nearly seven decades. During that time many improvements have been made to enhance the performance and the range of applicability. In this letter we consider further refinements that extend the frequency range to include zero, and even negative frequencies. This allows the frequency to be swept through zero with no discontinuity in phase or amplitude. We then suggest an addition to the well‐known automatic level control (ALC) circuits to linearize the control function, with attendant benefits in modeling, simulation, and implementation. Closed‐loop dynamics for the improved ALC circuit are predicted, then verified by experiment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurosurgical management of spina bifida: Research issues
Authors: Bowman Robin M. , McLone David G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe neurosurgical goal when treating children with spina bifida (predominantly myelomeningocele) is to maintain stable neurological functioning throughout the patient's life time. Unfortunately, few long‐term outcome studies are available to help direct the neurosurgical care of a child born with myelomeningocele and often treatment relies more heavily upon the experience of senior practitioners. This article reviews the current literature regarding neurosurgical treatment strategies, with recommendations concerning including prenatal diagnosis, in utero treatment and delivery modes, and postnatal management. Given the overall declining prevalence of open neural tube defects world‐wide, research collaboration amongst practitioners through multicenter trial are essential to improving the lives of people born with this most complex congenital anomaly. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:82–87.
The cognitive phenotype of spina bifida meningomyelocele
Authors: Dennis Maureen , Barnes Marcia A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA cognitive phenotype is a product of both assets and deficits that specifies what individuals with spina bifida meningomyelocele (SBM) can and cannot do and why they can or cannot do it. In this article, we review the cognitive phenotype of SBM and describe the processing assets and deficits that cut within and across content domains, sensory modality, and material, including studies from our laboratory and other investigations. We discuss some implications of the SBM cognitive phenotype for assessment, rehabilitation, and research. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:31–39.
Optimizing health care for children with spina bifida
Authors: Liptak Gregory S. , El Samra Ahmad 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe health care needs of children with spina bifida are complex. They need specialists, generalists, and an integrated system to deliver this complex care and to align and inform all the providers. Most research in spina bifida has been focused on narrow medical outcomes; it has been noncollaborative, based on small samples of convenience, with no comparison groups, and without consistent standards of measurement. Models of health, like the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Model can help to broaden the scope of future research. Using methods from other pediatric conditions like the patient registry (cystic fibrosis), gene bank (autism), and collaborative research (leukemia), researchers can improve the quality of future studies. Research questions related to the process of care and to specific nonsurgical conditions associated with spina bifida are reviewed in this article. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:66–75.
Urologic management of spina bifida
Authors: Clayton Douglass B. , Brock John W. , Joseph David B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe urologist plays an important role in the multidisciplinary team of physicians who provide care for patients with spina bifida. We review common strategies for managing the urinary tract in these patients. The primary objective in all phases of life is protecting kidney function by minimizing bladder hostility and establishing a good capacity, low‐pressure urinary reservoir. Ensuring adequate bladder and bowel continence is also paramount for enhancing self‐esteem and independence. Medical therapy incorporating clean intermittent catheterization and antimuscarinic medication is the cornerstone of neurogenic bladder management and often the only intervention required to achieve the above goals. Others may require formal lower urinary tract reconstruction to prevent urinary tract deterioration. As will be shown, current management, while effective, is not supported by strong evidence‐based protocols; and the impact of any intervention upon quality of life, while subjectively seen as positive, does not have objective validation. These limitations are recognized and currently the subject of urologic investigation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:88–95.
Quality of life in individuals with spina bifida: A research update
Authors: Sawin Kathleen J. , Bellin Melissa H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractQuality of life (QOL) is an important concept for individuals with chronic health conditions. Measuring and supporting QOL in children, adolescents, and adults with spina bifida (SB) may be especially unique given the broad range of complex health and rehabilitative challenges they encounter. This article provides a research update on (a) conceptual and methodological considerations in measuring QOL and a related construct, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL); (b) the state of the science in QOL and HRQOL for individuals with SB; and (c) gaps in the evidence and implications for future research. A synthesis of the literature was limited by the use of 17 different QOL and HRQOL instruments to measure these constructs and notable weaknesses in the most frequently used condition‐specific HRQOL instrument. However, a tentative pattern of lower scores on the physical domain of HRQOL measures in individuals with SB in comparison to peers emerged, while discrepancies in emotional, social, and school domains varied by study. Recommendations for future research include using a lifespan approach to expand QOL studies to older adults with SB and focusing on intervention research to prevent or treat decreased HRQOL. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:47–59.
Orthopedic management of spina bifida
Authors: Thomson Jeffrey D. , Segal Lee S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe management of orthopedic problems in spina bifida has seen a dramatic change over the past 10 years. The negative effects of spasticity, poor balance, and the tethered cord syndrome on ambulatory function are better appreciated. There is less emphasis on the hip radiograph and more emphasis on the function of the knee and the prevention of knee pain. The importance of the hip abductor muscle and its influence on gait and knee function has been realized. Important developments in the treatment of spinal deformity include the use of pedicle screws which allow better correction. The role of anterior‐only spinal surgery has been defined, which allows motion at the lumbo‐sacral junction and has a lower postoperative infection rate than posterior surgery. Functional outcome assessments provide better feedback for surgeons and families in regards to which patients may benefit most from surgery. Overall, the past 10 years has seen the increased use of functional outcome measures such as Motion Analysis, oxygen consumption, and patient‐based outcome assessments rather than traditional radiographic measures (e.g., hip dislocation or subluxation). This progress has resulted in a better understanding of spina bifida and, more importantly, improved outcomes for our patients. Additional research is likely to further enhance outcomes by establishing additional evidence‐based interventions. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:96–103.
Optimizing health care for adults with spina bifida
Authors: Webb Thomas S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSurvival into adulthood for individuals with spina bifida has significantly improved over the last 40 years with the majority of patients now living as adults. Despite this growing population of adult patients who have increased medical needs compared to the general population, including spina bifida (SB)‐specific care, age‐related secondary disabilities, and general adult medical needs, there is little published information about the natural history of SB in adulthood. There are few published studies of medical conditions, interventions, or long‐term complications in this population. This article will provide a review of the medical issues of adults with SB, highlighting areas that are different than pediatric care, and areas of needed research. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:76–81.
Spontaneous kicking in full‐term and preterm infants with and without white matter disorder
Authors: Fetters Linda , Sapir Inbal , Chen Yu‐ping , Kubo Masayoshi , Tronick Ed 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEarly damage to white matter of the brain may have developmental consequences for prematurely born infants including the coordination of leg movements. Our perspective is that white matter damage initiates an ontogenetic course that may lead to movement dysfunction leading to disability. In this study, spontaneous kicking in the human infant is a “window” for evaluating the potential consequences of perinatal brain damage for sensori‐motor coordination. We compare the intra‐limb coordination patterns of 5‐month‐old premature infants with white matter damage (PTWMD) to a group of prematurely born infants without WMD (PT) and a group of full‐term (FT) infants. The PT group demonstrates advanced kicking patterns in comparison to both the PTWMD and FT groups. The PTWMD group has less mature patterns than the FT group on some, but not all measures. The movement challenge for PTWMD infants may be in the transition from spontaneous kicking to movements with the legs that require decoupling of intralimb joints. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 524–536, 2010.
Pax2 is expressed in a subpopulation of Müller cells in the central chick retina
Authors: Boije Henrik , Ring Henrik , López‐Gallardo Meritxell , Prada Carmen , Hallböök Finn 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMüller cells in the chick retina are generally thought to be a homogeneous population. We show that the transcription factor Pax2 is expressed by Müller cells in the central chick retina and its expression was first observed at stage 32 (embryonic day [E] 7.5). Birth‐dating indicated that the majority of Pax2‐positive Müller cells are generated between stage 29 and 33 (E5.5–E8). At stage 42 (E16), several Müller cell markers, such as Sox2 and 2M6, had reached the peripheral retina, while the Pax2 labeling extended approximately half‐way. A similar pattern was maintained in the 6‐month‐old chicken. Neither the Pax2‐positive nor the Pax2‐negative Müller cells could be specifically associated to proliferative responses in the retina induced by growth factors or N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate. Pax2 was not detected in Müller cells in mouse, rat, guinea‐pig, rabbit, or pig retinas; but the zebrafish retina displayed a similar pattern of central Pax2‐expressing Müller cells. Developmental Dynamics 239:1858–1866, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
c‐Jun activating binding protein 1 binds to the IgA receptor and modulates protein levels of FcαRI and FcRγ‐chain
Authors: Bakema Jantine E. , Hiemstra Ida H. , Bakker Johanna , de Haij Simone , Kok Yvonne , Adema Gosse , van Egmond Marjolein , Coffer Paul J. , van de Winkel Jan G. J. , Leusen Jeanette H. W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe receptor for IgA, FcαRI or CD89, is expressed on myeloid cells and can trigger phagocytosis, tumor cell lysis, and release of inflammatory mediators. These functions critically depend on the associated FcR γ‐chain; however, some biological functions, like receptor internalization, are solely mediated by FcαRI α‐chain. Little is known as to how FcαRI regulates these processes and the FcαRI intracellular domain does not contain recognized signalling motifs. We searched for associating proteins and identified c‐Jun activating binding protein 1 (JAB1) as a binding partner specifically for FcαRI. We found increased FcαRI surface expression after ectopic expression of JAB1 as well as diminished protein levels of total FcR γ‐chain levels after JAB1 knock‐down. These data functionally link JAB1 with controlling protein expression levels of FcαRI‐FcR γ‐chain protein complex.
Highly avid, oligoclonal, early‐differentiated antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells in chronic HIV‐2 infection
Authors: Leligdowicz Aleksandra , Onyango Clayton , Yindom Louis‐Marie , Peng YanChun , Cotten Matthew , Jaye Assan , McMichael Andrew , Whittle Hilton , Dong Tao , Rowland‐Jones Sarah 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHIV‐1‐specific CD8+ T cells are present in most HIV‐1‐infected people and play an important role in controlling viral replication, but the characteristics of an effective HIV‐specific T‐cell response are largely unknown. The majority of HIV‐2‐infected people behave as long‐term non‐progressors while those who progress to AIDS do so in a manner indistinguishable from HIV‐1. A detailed study of HIV‐2 infection may identify protective immune responses. Robust gag p26‐specific T‐cell responses are elicited during HIV‐2 infection and correlate with control of viremia. In this study, we analyzed features of an HLA‐B*3501‐restricted T‐cell response to HIV‐2 p26 that may contribute to virus control. In contrast to HIV‐1, HIV‐2‐specific T cells are at an early stage of differentiation (CD27+CD28+), a finding that relates directly to CD4+ T‐cell levels and inversely to immune activation. The cells demonstrate IFN‐γ secretion, oligoclonal T‐cell receptor Vβ gene segment usage, exceptional avidity and secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Despite the potentially strong selection pressure imposed on the virus by these cells, there was no evidence of HIV‐2 sequence evolution. We propose that in chronic HIV‐2 infection, the maintenance of early‐differentiated, highly avid CD8+ T cells could account for the non‐progressive course of disease. Such responses may be desirable from an HIV vaccine.
Modulating numbers and phenotype of CD8+ T cells in secondary immune responses
Authors: Wirth Thomas C. , Harty John T. , Badovinac Vladimir P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPrime‐boost regimens are frequently used to increase the number of memory CD8+ T cells and thus the protective capacity of experimental vaccinations; however, it is currently unknown how the frequency and phenotype of primary (1°) memory CD8+ T cells impact the quantity and phenotype of secondary (2°) memory CD8+ T‐cell populations. Here, we show that 2° infections of mice that received different 1° infections and/or immunizations generated similar numbers of 2° effector and memory CD8+ T cells. Remarkably, this result was independent of the numbers and phenotype of 1° memory CD8+ T cells present at the time of rechallenge. However, after adoptive transfer of low numbers of 1° memory CD8+ T cells, a linear correlation between 1° memory CD8+ T‐cell input and 2° memory CD8+ T‐cell numbers was observed. These data suggest that, above a very low threshold, boosting of 1° memory CD8+ T‐cell populations elicits 2° immune responses of similar magnitude. Therefore, our study has important implications for the design of prime‐boost regimens that aim to generate protective CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated immunity.