bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The capability of diffuse coplanar surface barrier plasma to effectively remove contaminants from surfaces of various materials
Authors: Janík R. , Vargová V. , Kohutiar M. , Krbata M. , Moricová K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing the fluorescence method, the study quantifies the cleaning efficiency of flat surfaces of selected materials (steel, polymethyl methacrylate, glass) compared to the usual cleaning methods: cleaning using ultrasound and cleaning using solutions (ethanol/isopropyl alcohol – isopropanol). Cleaning using ethanol/isopropanol solutions was carried out in such a way as to simulate common procedures: rubbing, rinsing and a combination of application of the solution and ultrasound. Based on the prepared and evaluated (following the average at several places on the surface) values of fluorescence maps of material surfaces, the resulting values of fluorescence before/after cleaning or at the selected moment of degreasing/cleaning of surfaces (applies to steel) were determined. The application of diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge plasma discharge to the surfaces of flat materials can provide: a reduction in the environmental burden (no chemicals are needed to clean the surfaces) and an improvement in the efficiency of surface cleaning in industrial/manufacturing conditions (plasma cleaning usually takes a few seconds). diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge plasma can clean and simultaneously activate the surfaces of flat materials.
Experimental research of a novel binary solution for diffusion absorption cooling systems
Authors: Gurevich B. , Zohar A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe diffusion absorption refrigeration (DAR) systems are driven by heat and utilize a binary solution along with an inert gas as the working fluid. In commercial applications, the choice of binary solutions operating with an auxiliary gas is typically limited to ammonia‐water or water‐lithium bromide combinations. The focus of this study is to explore the viability of using tetrafluoropropene (R‐1234yf, an HFO refrigerant) as the refrigerant, dimethylacetamide (DMAC) as the absorbent, and helium as the auxiliary gas. As the thermodynamic properties of this specific binary solution are yet to be studied, experimental investigations are conducted to obtain these properties. The results allow the establishment of the pressure‐temperature and concentration relationships and determine the mixture‘s enthalpy for various temperatures. Subsequently, both numerical and experimental analyses of the diffusion absorption system are performed. The experimental findings show that, under certain concentrations of the components and with appropriate heat input, temperatures in the evaporator reached below 0 °C. However, the system exhibits low coefficient of performance values, high generation temperatures, and overall inefficiency, suggesting that this particular binary solution may not be well‐suited for diffusion absorption cooling systems.
Analysis of the cause of noise when the drawbridge goes up and down through non‐destructive diagnosis
Authors: Kim K. J. , Lee J.‐W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the case of the Yeongdodaegyo bridge, abnormal noise occurred only in summer when it was opened, and the expected cause of noise was expected to be due to bearing damage or deformation friction. Therefore, a non‐destructive test was performed around the spherical bearing, which is a major part of the drawbridge components connected to the rotating shaft girder. For the measurement to analyze the cause of noise, the real‐time noise source was tracked during hoisting using an acoustic sensor according to the angular displacement of the rotating shaft. Through this, we tried to identify the noise source by identifying the left and right real‐time deformation (torsion, deflection, inclination) and the friction part of the damaged bearing. As a result of the analysis, irregular noise was generated from the left and right sides, and noise was generated when the twist, deflection, or tilt of the rotation shaft occurred. The bottom of the left and right bearings was found to be the main source of noise, and the bearing contact during deformation is considered to be the cause of the noise.
Preface
Authors: Öchsner A. , Altenbach H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis special issue of Materials Science and Engineering Technology (Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik) contains selected papers presented at the 16th International Conference on Advanced Computational Engineering and Experimenting (ACE‐X 2023) held at the Aquila Atlantis Hotel in Crete during the period 3rd–7th July, 2023. The included papers are related to advanced structured materials, their design and analysis, and advanced manufacturing and processing techniques.
Deep‐learning‐based motion correction using multichannel MRI data: a study using simulated artifacts in the fastMRI dataset
Authors: Hewlett Miriam , Petrov Ivailo , Johnson Patricia M. , Drangova Maria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDeep learning presents a generalizable solution for motion correction requiring no pulse sequence modifications or additional hardware, but previous networks have all been applied to coil‐combined data. Multichannel MRI data provide a degree of spatial encoding that may be useful for motion correction. We hypothesize that incorporating deep learning for motion correction prior to coil combination will improve results. A conditional generative adversarial network was trained using simulated rigid motion artifacts in brain images acquired at multiple sites with multiple contrasts (not limited to healthy subjects). We compared the performance of deep‐learning‐based motion correction on individual channel images (single‐channel model) with that performed after coil combination (channel‐combined model). We also investigate simultaneous motion correction of all channel data from an image volume (multichannel model). The single‐channel model significantly (p < 0.0001) improved mean absolute error, with an average 50.9% improvement compared with the uncorrected images. This was significantly (p < 0.0001) better than the 36.3% improvement achieved by the channel‐combined model (conventional approach). The multichannel model provided no significant improvement in quantitative measures of image quality compared with the uncorrected images. Results were independent of the presence of pathology, and generalizable to a new center unseen during training. Performing motion correction on single‐channel images prior to coil combination provided an improvement in performance compared with conventional deep‐learning‐based motion correction. Improved deep learning methods for retrospective correction of motion‐affected MR images could reduce the need for repeat scans if applied in a clinical setting.
Microwave Effect in Hydrolysis of Levoglucosan with a Solid Acid Catalyst for Pyrolysis‐Based Cellulose Saccharification
Authors: Nomura Takashi , Minami Eiji , Kawamoto Haruo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPyrolysis‐based saccharification consisting of fast pyrolysis followed by hydrolysis of the resulting anhydrosugars such as levoglucosan is a promising method for converting cellulosic biomass into glucose that can be used for producing biofuels and biochemicals. In the present study, hydrolysis of levoglucosan was evaluated in water with a polystyrene sulfonic acid resin (a solid acid catalyst) by heating under microwave irradiation or in an oil bath at 95 °C–120 °C. When the equilibrium temperature of the solution was the same, the conversion rate of levoglucosan was greater under microwave irradiation than in an oil bath. Model experiments indicate that the sulfonyl groups of the solid acid catalyst were selectively heated by microwave irradiation. The temperature of the reaction solution in the vicinity of the catalyst was locally higher than the equilibrium temperature of the solution, which enabled hydrolysis to proceed efficiently.
Laser myth busting
Authors: Rudolf Andreas , Blumenstein Christof 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐power laser systems are routinely employed as production tools, but the laser beam itself is sensitive to various disturbances, especially in the light of current trends toward extreme power and high beam quality. Suitable tools are available to characterize the process‐relevant beam parameters – from power through focus dimensions to scanner‐imposed properties. Yet either the challenges or the measurement tools tend to be underestimated – justifying a closer look at some of the common myths.
Dynamic beam shaping with coherent beam combining
Authors: Shekel Eyal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCoherent beam combining (CBC) is a method of enhancing laser power. It has recently transitioned to industrial applications, unveiling new possibilities in laser technology. CBC merges multiple laser channels from a single source, controlling their phase to create constructive or destructive interference. The optical phased array (OPA) and filled aperture methods exemplify CBC's advancements, enabling dynamic and precise beam manipulation. This technological evolution opens avenues for versatile applications in various industries, significantly advancing our capability to harness laser technology for complex tasks.
LaserEMobility Workshop 2024
Authors: Demir Ali Gökhan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFollowing the success of the previous two years, LaserEMobility Workshop returns on July 17 – 18, 2024, with this edition to be held in Garching near Munich. The event brings together key players in EV manufacturing and laser technology with participants from industry and academia in a unique format. The two‐day event will display recent developments in laser beam technology, new applications, monitoring systems, and many other discussion topics for an international community.
Metaproteomic analysis of King Ghezo tomb wall (Abomey, Benin) confirms 19th century voodoo sacrifices
Authors: Charlier Philippe , Bourdin Virginie , N'Dah Didier , Kielbasa Mélodie , Pible Olivier , Armengaud Jean 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe palace of King Ghezo in Abomey, capital of the ancient kingdom of Dahomey (present‐day Benin), houses two sacred huts which are specific funerary structures. It is claimed that the binder in their walls is made of human blood. In the study presented here, we conceived an original strategy to analyze the proteins present on minute amounts of the cladding sampled from the inner facade of the cenotaph wall and establish their origin. The extracted proteins were proteolyzed and the resulting peptides were characterized by high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Over 6397 distinct molecular entities were identified using cascading searches. Starting from without a priori searches of an extended generic database, the peptide repertoire was narrowed down to the most representative organisms—identified by means of taxon‐specific peptides. A wide diversity of bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals were detected through the available protein material. This inventory was used to archaeologically reconstruct the voodoo rituals of consecration and maintenance of vitality. Several indicators attested to the presence of traces of human and poultry blood in the material taken. This study shows the essential advantages of paleoproteomics and metaproteomics for the study of ancient residues from archaeological excavations or historical monuments.
Can Facebook's community standards keep up with legal certainty? Content moderation governance under the pressure of the Digital Services Act
Authors: Fasel Mathieu , Weerts Sophie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractContent moderation by social media companies is a challenge for regulators around the world. The European Union is trying to tackle this challenge with its Digital Services Act (DSA). Notably, Article 14 DSA aims to impose language requirements based on the principle of legal certainty to social media companies' terms and conditions, of which community standards (CS) are a part. The principle of legal certainty is one of the building blocks of international human rights law, and its inclusion in the DSA illustrates the human rights‐based approach anchored in this European regulation. Based on a content analysis of Facebook's CS, this paper shows that their standards do not meet European requirements for legal certainty and argues that important changes in content moderation governance would be needed for proper compliance. Such changes could generate a domino effect beyond the European Union and on Facebook's content moderation governance itself. At the same time, the DSA could also generate a boomerang effect on the legal certainty principle as such. From this perspective, the paper contributes to the literature on regulatory governance studies, and on international human rights law in social media studies from a European Union perspective.
Lattice Engineering via Transition Metal Ions for Boosting Photoluminescence Quantum Yields of Lead‐Free Layered Double Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Liu Maning , Matta Sri Kasi , Said Tarek Al , Liu Jiatu , Matuhina Anastasia , Al‐Anesi Basheer , Ali‐Löytty Harri , Lahtonen Kimmo , Russo Slavy P. , Vivo Paola 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLead‐free layered double perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), i.e., Cs4M(II)M(III)2Cl12, have recently attracted increasing attention for potential optoelectronic applications due to their low toxicity, direct bandgap nature, and high structural stability. However, the low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY, <1%) or even no observed emissions at room temperature have severely blocked the further development of this type of lead‐free halide perovskites. Herein, two new layered perovskites, Cs4CoIn2Cl12 (CCoI) and Cs4ZnIn2Cl12 (CZnI), are successfully synthesized at the nanoscale based on previously reported Cs4CuIn2Cl12 (CCuI) NCs, by tuning the M(II) site with different transition metal ions for lattice tailoring. Benefiting from the formation of more self‐trapped excitons (STEs) in the distorted lattices, CCoI and CZnI NCs exhibit significantly strengthened STE emissions toward white light compared to the case of almost non‐emissive CCuI NCs, by achieving PLQYs of 4.3% and 11.4% respectively. The theoretical and experimental results hint that CCoI and CZnI NCs possess much lower lattice deformation energies than that of reference CCuI NCs, which are favorable for the recombination of as‐formed STEs in a radiative way. This work proposes an effective strategy of lattice engineering to boost the photoluminescent properties of lead‐free layered double perovskites for their future warm white light‐emitting applications.
Editors’ Introduction: Race and the Awarding Gap
Authors: Hensby Alexander , Adewumi Barbara 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This book is ostensibly about the white-BAME awarding gap, but any attempt to understand its causes and effects warrants a wider and deeper investigation of how structural racism and institutional whiteness permeate in contemporary UK society. Universities may not be the most egregious offenders, but they have nevertheless struggled to break beyond the liberal complacency that for many years has considered educational equity to be synonymous with educational access. This chapter traces the history of equality, diversity, and inclusivity policy (EDI) in higher education, highlighting the legislative and policy drivers for advancing racial equity. It then establishes the book’s theoretical framework, combining Bourdieu’s theory of capitals, critical race theory, and self-determination theory. Finally, the chapter introduces the book’s aims and purpose, drawing on the work of the University of Kent’s Student Success Team to understand and enhance the experiences of BAME undergraduates.
BAME Students’ Extracurricular Belonging at University: Building Networks, Representation, and Capital
Authors: Hensby Alexander , Adewumi Barbara , Twumasi Anne-Marie , Thomas Dave S. P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
It has taken time for universities to fully recognise belongingness when considering the factors that shape student success. There are understandable reasons for this, but if we are to take a holistic view of its roots and causes then one should recognise that a good deal of one’s higher education experience occurs outside of the lecture theatre. This chapter draws on survey and interview data to assess BAME students’ extracurricular engagement. Findings indicate fewer are involved in clubs, societies, and the student union than their white peers, with interview accounts pointing to the reproduction of certain power relations, including whiteness. However, the chapter’s chronicling of Kent’s African Caribbean Society demonstrates that BAME students are capable of developing their own agency, capital, and influence on campus, though they require institutional support to ensure their voice and perspective can help shape university policy and practice in ways that ultimately enhance collective belongingness.
Gravity-gauge anomaly constraints on the energy-momentum tensor
Authors: Larue Rémy , Quevillon Jérémie , Zwicky Roman 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We derive constraints on the four dimensional energy-momentum tensor from gravitational and gauge anomalies. Our work can be considered an extension of Duff’s analysis [1] to include parity-odd terms and explicit symmetry breaking. The constraints imply the absence of the parity-odd $$ R\overset{\sim }{R} $$
R

R
~

and $$ F\overset{\sim }{F} $$
F

F
~

terms, for theories whose symmetries are compatible with dimensional regularisation, in a model-independent way. Remarkably, even in the case of explicit symmetry breaking the □R-anomaly is found to be finite and unambiguous after applying the symmetry constraints. We compute mixed gravity-gauge anomalies at leading order and deduce phenomenological consequences for vector bosons associated with global chiral symmetries.
Electrobaryonic axion: hair of neutron stars
Authors: Bai Yang , de Lima Carlos Henrique 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Axion-like particles are predicted in many physics scenarios beyond the Standard Model (SM). Their interactions with SM particles may arise from the triangle anomaly of the associated global symmetry, along with other SM global and gauge symmetries, including anomalies with the global baryon number and electromagnetic gauge symmetries. We initiate the phenomenological study of the corresponding “electrobaryonic axion”—a particle that couples with both the baryon chemical potential and the electromagnetic field. Neutron stars, particularly magnetars, possessing high baryon density and strong magnetic fields, can naturally develop a thin axion hair around their surface. In this study, we calculate this phenomenon, considering the effects of neutron star rotation and general relativity. For axion particles lighter than the neutron star rotation frequency, the anomalous interaction can also induce the emission of axion particles from the neutron star. In the light axion regime, this emission can significantly contribute to the neutron star cooling rate.
Actions on the quiver: discrete quotients on the Coulomb branch
Authors: Hanany Amihay , Kumaran Guhesh , Li Chunhao , Liu Deshuo , Sperling Marcus 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces two operations in quiver gauge theories. The first operation, collapse, takes a quiver with a permutation symmetry Sn and gives a quiver with adjoint loops. The corresponding 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Coulomb branches are related by an orbifold of Sn. The second operation, multi-lacing, takes a quiver with n nodes connected by edges of multiplicity k and replaces them by n nodes of multiplicity qk. The corresponding Coulomb branch moduli spaces are related by an orbifold of type $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_q^{n-1} $$

ℤ
q

n
−
1

. Collapse generalises known cases that appeared in the literature [1–3]. These two operations can be combined to generate new relations between moduli spaces that are constructed using the magnetic construction.
Early-paleozoic rapakivi-textured granite from the North Qinling (Central China): implications for crust–mantle interactions in a post-collisional setting
Authors: Luo Fenhong , Gong Hujun , Liu Hang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRapakivi granite is characterized by its unique structure, which has important implications for tectonic settings, magmatic processes, and crust–mantle interactions. In this study, we conducted a combined analysis of the petrography, mineral chemistry, geochemistry, and zircon U–Pb dating and Lu–Hf isotopic compositions of the Niujiaoshan Early Paleozoic rapakivi-textured granite from the North Qinling Belt. Zircon U–Pb dating yielded a crystallization age of 447 ± 7 Ma, which is younger than the ultra-high-pressure (UHP) metamorphic age (~ 500 Ma) but similar to the granulite facies retrograde age (~ 450 Ma) of UHP eclogites and felsic gneisses in the North Qinling Belt. The rapakivi feldspar phenocrysts have ovoid K-feldspar cores, which are rich in mineral inclusions, such as amphibole, biotite, quartz, and plagioclase, indicating early crystallization. The ovoid K-feldspar cores are mantled by oligoclase, whreras the matrix comprises biotite, amphibole, and coarse-grained plagioclase. The amphibole and biotite in the granite are rich in Mg and are indicative of a crust–mantle origin. The εHf (t) values of the zircons range from − 2.04 to + 3.63, suggesting formation via crust–mantle interactions. The rapakivi-textured granite displays high-K meta-aluminous I-type granite affinity, with high SiO2, K2O, and Na2O contents. Based on the geological background and results of this study, we propose that the Niujiaoshan rapakivi-textured granite was formed via the mixing of crustal materials induced by upper mantle magma during the exhumation of the North Qinling UHP metamorphic terrane, which occurred in a post-orogenic setting.
Efficacy of a dual task protocol on neurophysiological and clinical outcomes in migraine: a randomized control trial
Authors: Deodato Manuela , Granato Antonio , Buoite Stella Alex , Martini Miriam , Marchetti Enrico , Lise Ilaria , Galmonte Alessandra , Murena Luigi , Manganotti Paolo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a dual task protocol in people with episodic migraine with respect to both active exercises only and cognitive task only treatments, concerning some neurophysiological and clinical outcomes. A randomized control trial was adopted in people with episodic migraine without aura. Some neurophysiological and clinical outcomes were collected (t0): resting motor threshold (rMT), short intracortical inhibition (SICI) and facilitation (ICF), pressure pain threshold (PPT), trail making test (TMT), frontal assessment battery (FAB), headache-related disability (MIDAS) and headache parameters. Then, participants were randomized into three groups: active exercise only (n = 10), cognitive task only (n = 10) and dual task protocol (n = 10). After 3 months of each treatment and after 1-month follow-up the same neurophysiological and clinical outcomes were revaluated. A significant time x group effect was only found for the trapezius muscle (p = 0.012, pη2 = 0.210), suggesting that PPT increased significantly only in active exercise and dual task protocol groups. A significant time effect was found for rMT (p < 0.001, pη2 = 0.473), MIDAS (p < 0.001, pη2 = 0.426), TMT (p < 0.001, pη2 = 0.338) and FAB (p < 0.001, pη2 = 0.462). A repeated measures ANOVA for SICI at 3 ms highlighted a statistically significant time effect for the dual task group (p < 0.001, pη2 = 0.629), but not for the active exercises group (p = 0.565, pη2 = 0.061), and for the cognitive training (p = 0.357, pη2 = 0.108). The dual task protocol seems to have a more evident effect on both habituation and sensitization outcomes than the two monotherapies taken alone in people with migraine.