bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The quest for strong dualities
Authors: Clark David M. , Davey Brian A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe give a revised and updated exposition of the theory of full dualities initiated by Clark, Davey, Krauss and Werner, introducing the (stronger) notion of a strong duality. All known full dualities turn out to be strong. A series of theorems which provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a strong duality to exist is proved. All full dualities in the literature can be obtained from these results and many new strong dualities can be derived. In particular, we show that within congruence distributive varieties every duality can be upgraded to a strong duality. Amongst the new strong dualities are the dualities of Davey, Priestley and Werner for the varieties of pseudocomplemented distributive lattices which are either strong as they stand or can easily be made strong by the addition of partial operations to the dual structures.
T-spaces by the Gottlieb groups and duality
Authors: Woo Moo Ha , Yoon Yeon Soo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIt is shown that all the generalized Whitehead products vanish in X and all the components of XΣA have the same homotopy type when X is a T-space. It is also shown that any T-space is a G-space. The dual spaces of T-spaces are introduced and studied.
Characterization of upper semicontinuously integrable functions
Authors: Buczolich Zoltán 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe show that for a Henstock-Kurzweil integrable functionffor every ∈ > 0 one can choose an upper semicontinuous gage function δ, used in the definition of the HK-integral if and only if |f| is bounded by a Baire 1 function. This answers a question raised by C. E. Weil.
Iterative criteria for bounds on the growth of positive solutions of a delay differential equation
Authors: Terry Raymond D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFollowing Terry (Pacific J. Math. 52 (1974), 269–282), the positive solutions of eauqtion (E): are classified according to types Bj. We denote A neccessary condition is given for a Bk-solution y(t) of (E) to satisfy y2k(t) ≥ m(t) > 0. In the case m(t) = C > 0, we obtain a sufficient condition for all solutions of (E) to be oscillatory.
Extensions of strict partial orders in N-Groups
Authors: Prabhakara Rao K. B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAn attempt is made to extend the theory of extensions of partial orders in groups to strict partially ordered N-groups. Necessary and sufficient conditions, for a strict partial order of an N-group to have a strict full extension, and for a strict partial order of an N-group to be an intersection of strict full orders, are obtained when the partially ordered near-ring N and the N-group G satisfy the condition (− x) n = − xn for all elements x in G and positive elements n in N.
Representation formulas for entire functions of exponential type and generalized bernoulli polynomials
Authors: Frappier C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe introduce a sequence of polynomials which are extensions of the classic Bernoulli polynomials. This generalization is obtained by using the Bessel functions of the first kind. We use these polynomials to evaluate explicitly a general class of series containing an entire function of exponential type.
On mixture representation of the Linnik density
Authors: Erdoğan Burak , Ostrovskii I. V. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLet pα,θ be the Linnik density, that is, the probability density with the characteristic function . The following problem is studied: Let (α θ), (β, ϑ) be two point of PD. When is it possible to represent β,ϑ as a scale mixture of pαθ? A subset of the admissible pairs (α, θ), (β, ϑ) is described.
Dual symmetric inverse monoids and representation theory
Authors: Fitzgerald D. G. , Leech Jonathan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThere is a substantial theory (modelled on permutation representations of groups) of representations of an inverse semigroup S in a symmetric inverse monoid Ix, that is, a monoid of partial one-to-one selfmaps of a set X. The present paper describes the structure of a categorical dual Ix* to the symmetric inverse monoid and discusses representations of an inverse semigroup in this dual symmetric inverse monoid. It is shown how a representation of S by (full) selfmaps of a set X leads to dual pairs of representations in Ix and Ix*, and how a number of known representations arise as one or the other of these pairs. Conditions on S are described which ensure that representations of S preserve such infima or suprema as exist in the natural order of S. The categorical treatment allows the construction, from standard functors, of representations of S in certain other inverse algebras (that is, inverse monoids in which all finite infima exist). The paper concludes by distinguishing two subclasses of inverse algebras on the basis of their embedding properties.
A minimum condition and some realted fixed-point theorems
Authors: Jachymski Jacek R. , Stein James D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe classic Banach Contraction Principle assumes that the self-map is a contraction. Rather than requiring that a single operator be a contraction, we weaken this hypothesis by considering a minimum involving a set of iterates of that operator. This idea is a central motif for many of the results of this paper, in which we also study how this weakended hypothesis may be applied in Caristi's theorem, and how combinatorial arguments may be used in proving fixed-point theorems.
Integral means on radially weighted spaces of analytic functions
Authors: Andersson Mats Erik 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHilbert spaces of analytic functions generated by rotationally symmetric measures on disks and annuli are studied. A domination relation between function norm and weighted sums of integral means on circles is developed. The function norm and the weighted sum take the same value for a specified class of polynomials. This class can be varied according to two parameters. Parts of the construction carry over to other Banach spaces of analytic of harmonic functions. Counterexamples illuminating properties of the complex method of interpolation appear as a byproduct.
Product and Markov measures of type III
Authors: Dooley Anthony H. , Klemeš Ivo , Quas Anthony N. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe give some explicit constructions of type III product measures with various properties, resolving some conjectures of Brown, Dooley and Lake. We also define a family of Markov odometers of type III0 and show that the associated flow is approximately transitive.
The Politics of Muslims in America
Authors: Jalalzai Farida 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis article analyzes political participation and the attitudes of Muslim-Americans. Assessing national patterns, the first part highlights several regression models, discerning the impact of race/ethnicity, gender, foreign born status, age, and education on political activity and attitudes. I also compare changes in voting patterns among respondents between the 2000 and 2004 elections. The second half is based on in-depth interviews of Muslims from St. Louis, Missouri, probing more directly particular shifts in views and participation since September 11. Among the national sample, South Asians and Middle Easterners largely supported Republican George W. Bush in 2000, while African-Americans voted for Democrat Al Gore. However, by 2004, race and ethnicity were no longer statistically significant factors dividing the Muslim vote; instead, support largely went to Democrat John Kerry. Changes in voting patterns between 2000 and 2004 were also evident in the St. Louis sample of South Asians and Middle Easterners. They generally cited unfavorable views of Muslim treatment both at home and abroad since the War on Terror began as major reasons for these changes. Partisan and voting shifts were not evident among African-Americans, who have been consistent Democrats. However, many African-Americans in addition to Middle Easterners and South Asians reported heightened interest in politics and similar changes since September 11. Only Bosnians, who are relatively new to the United States, report few changes. This is largely because they have yet to develop firm political identities. Among both samples, Muslim-Americans generally exhibit high rates of participation in various political activities, many reporting increasing interest and involvement since September 11. Therefore, regardless of the hardships they may currently feel, Muslim-Americans are not hiding in the shadows but are fully participating in the political sphere.
Inhibition of brush border sucrase by polyphenols in mouse intestine
Authors: Gupta Shiffalli , Mahmood Safrun , Khan Rizwan H. , Mahmood Akhtar 
Published: April 2009

The interactions of gallic acid and tannic acid with purified brush border sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48) from mouse intestine have been studied. These findings indicate that both gallic acid and tannic acid inhibit sucrase activity, which is pH dependent. Kinetic analysis revealed that enzyme inhibition by gallic acid is a pure V effect at pH 5.0, which changes to mixed type at pH 7.2, and pure K effect at pH 8.5. In contrast, sucrase inhibition by tannic acid was a pure K effect at acidic pH and uncompetitive type in the alkaline pH range. Far-CD spectroscopic analysis revealed an increase in the helicity of the enzyme at acidic pH in the presence of tannic acid but no change at alkaline pH. Fluorescence spectra revealed a red shift in λmax of the enzyme, suggesting that tryptophan residues come to a more hydrophilic environment in the presence of polyphenols. These findings suggest that inhibition of mice sucrase by polyphenols is pH dependent, and is associated with conformational modifications of the enzyme.
Methodological developments for improved bottom detection with the ME70 multibeam echosounder
Authors: Bourguignon Sébastien , Berger Laurent , Scalabrin Carla , Fablet Ronan , Mazauric Valérie 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Bourguignon, S., Berger, L., Scalabrin, C., Fablet, R., and Mazauric, V. 2009. Methodological developments for improved bottom detection with the ME70 multibeam echosounder. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1015–1022. Multibeam echosounders and sonars are increasingly used in fisheries acoustics for abundance estimation. Because of reduced side-lobe levels in the beam-array pattern, the new Simrad ME70 multibeam echosounder installed on board Ifremer’s RV “Thalassa” has been designed to allow improved detection of fish close to the seabed. To achieve this objective, precise and unambiguous detection of the water-bottom interface is required, which raises the issue of bottom detection, especially in the outer beams. The bottom-detection method implemented in the ME70 is based on the amplitude of the reverberated echo. Such an approach is efficient for vertical beams, but less accurate for beams with higher incidence angles, typically 30°–40° for the beam configurations used on RV “Thalassa”, where the incidence angle, the beam opening, and the nature of the seabed contribute to weakening the backscattered signal. Therefore, the aim of this study was twofold. First, we proposed to improve the current bottom-detection method based on the amplitude of the echo. Thanks to the split-beam configuration being available for all beams of the ME70, we also proposed to use the phase information in the backscattered signals of the outer beams, as is more commonly done with multibeam systems dedicated to seabed mapping. Then, we set a Bayesian estimation framework that takes into account the spatial continuity between adjacent echoes, giving more robustness to the bottom estimation itself. Results using data collected at sea for various bottom types are presented here.
Death Certification and Confirmation of Death
Authors: van Hecke Oliver 
Published: April 2009

“In this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes” (Benjamin Franklin) Few people in the UK are unfamiliar with the name Harold Shipman. In January 2000, Shipman was convicted of murdering 15 of his patients, but in reality probably over 200. He was said to have issued false medical certificates of death without the suspicious circumstances of their deaths coming to light. He, like many other doctors, knew all along that it was doctors who decide whether or not to report a death to the investigating official.
PINOID Kinase Regulates Root Gravitropism through Modulation of PIN2-Dependent Basipetal Auxin Transport in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sukumar Poornima , Edwards Karin S. , Rahman Abidur , DeLong Alison , Muday Gloria K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractReversible protein phosphorylation is a key regulatory mechanism governing polar auxin transport. We characterized the auxin transport and gravitropic phenotypes of the pinoid-9 (pid-9) mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tested the hypothesis that phosphorylation mediated by PID kinase and dephosphorylation regulated by the ROOTS CURL IN NAPHTHYLPHTHALAMIC ACID1 (RCN1) protein might antagonistically regulate root auxin transport and gravity response. Basipetal indole-3-acetic acid transport and gravitropism are reduced in pid-9 seedlings, while acropetal transport and lateral root development are unchanged. Treatment of wild-type seedlings with the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine phenocopies the reduced auxin transport and gravity response of pid-9, while pid-9 is resistant to inhibition by staurosporine. Staurosporine and the phosphatase inhibitor, cantharidin, delay the asymmetric expression of DR5∷revGFP (green fluorescent protein) at the root tip after gravistimulation. Gravity response defects of rcn1 and pid-9 are partially rescued by treatment with staurosporine and cantharidin, respectively. The pid-9 rcn1 double mutant has a more rapid gravitropic response than rcn1. These data are consistent with a reciprocal regulation of gravitropism by RCN1 and PID. Furthermore, the effect of staurosporine is lost in pinformed2 (pin2). Our data suggest that reduced PID kinase function inhibits gravitropism and basipetal indole-3-acetic acid transport. However, in contrast to PID overexpression studies, we observed wild-type asymmetric membrane distribution of the PIN2 protein in both pid-9 and wild-type root tips, although PIN2 accumulates in endomembrane structures in pid-9 roots. Similarly, staurosporine-treated plants expressing a PIN2∷GFP fusion exhibit endomembrane accumulation of PIN2∷GFP, but no changes in membrane asymmetries were detected. Our data suggest that PID plays a limited role in root development; loss of PID activity alters auxin transport and gravitropism without causing an obvious change in cellular polarity.
Arabidopsis CHLI2 Can Substitute for CHLI1
Authors: Huang Yi-Shiuan , Li Hsou-min 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe I subunit of magnesium-chelatase (CHLI) is encoded by two genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), CHLI1 and CHLI2. Conflicting results have been reported concerning the functions of the two proteins. We show here that the chli1/chli1 chli2/chli2 double knockout mutant was albino. Comparison with the pale-green phenotype of a chli1/chli1 single knockout mutant indicates that CHLI2 could support some chlorophyll biosynthesis in the complete absence of CHLI1. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that CHLI2 was expressed at a much lower level than CHLI1. The chli1/chli1 chli2/chli2 double mutant could be fully rescued by expressing a transgene of CHLI2 driven by the CHLI1 promoter. These results suggest that differences between CHLI1 and CHLI2 lie mostly in their expression levels. Furthermore, both the chli1/chli1 and chli2/chli2 single knockout mutants had lower survival rates during de-etiolation than the wild type, suggesting that both genes are required for optimal growth during de-etiolation. In addition, we show that a semidominant chli1 mutant allele and the chli1/chli1 chli2/chli2 double mutant accumulated Lhcb1 transcripts when treated with the herbicide norflurazon, indicating that knocking out the CHLI activity causes the genome-uncoupled phenotype.
Phytochrome B Enhances Photosynthesis at the Expense of Water-Use Efficiency in Arabidopsis
Authors: Boccalandro Hernán E. , Rugnone Matías L. , Moreno Javier E. , Ploschuk Edmundo L. , Serna Laura , Yanovsky Marcelo J. , Casal Jorge J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn open places, plants are exposed to higher fluence rates of photosynthetically active radiation and to higher red to far-red ratios than under the shade of neighbor plants. High fluence rates are known to increase stomata density. Here we show that high, compared to low, red to far-red ratios also increase stomata density in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). High red to far-red ratios increase the proportion of phytochrome B (phyB) in its active form and the phyB mutant exhibited a constitutively low stomata density. phyB increased the stomata index (the ratio between stomata and epidermal cells number) and the level of anphistomy (by increasing stomata density more intensively in the adaxial than in the abaxial face). phyB promoted the expression of FAMA and TOO MANY MOUTHS genes involved in the regulation of stomata development in young leaves. Increased stomata density resulted in increased transpiration per unit leaf area. However, phyB promoted photosynthesis rates only at high fluence rates of photosynthetically active radiation. In accordance to these observations, phyB reduced long-term water-use efficiency estimated by the analysis of isotopic discrimination against 13CO2. We propose a model where active phyB promotes stomata differentiation in open places, allowing plants to take advantage of the higher irradiances at the expense of a reduction of water-use efficiency, which is compensated by a reduced leaf area.
Arabidopsis Chloroplastic Glutathione Peroxidases Play a Role in Cross Talk between Photooxidative Stress and Immune Responses
Authors: Chang Christine C.C. , Ślesak Ireneusz , Jordá Lucía , Sotnikov Alexey , Melzer Michael , Miszalski Zbigniew , Mullineaux Philip M. , Parker Jane E. , Karpińska Barbara , Karpiński Stanisław 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGlutathione peroxidases (GPXs; EC 1.11.1.9) are key enzymes of the antioxidant network in plants and animals. In order to investigate the role of antioxidant systems in plant chloroplasts, we generated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transgenic lines that are depleted specifically in chloroplastic (cp) forms of GPX1 and GPX7. We show that reduced cpGPX expression, either in transgenic lines with lower total cpGPX expression (GPX1 and GPX7) or in a gpx7 insertion mutant, leads to compromised photooxidative stress tolerance but increased basal resistance to virulent bacteria. Depletion of both GPX1 and GPX7 expression also caused alterations in leaf cell and chloroplast morphology. Leaf tissues were characterized by shorter and more rounded palisade cells, irregular spongy mesophyll cells, and larger intercellular air spaces compared with the wild type. Chloroplasts had larger and more abundant starch grains than in wild-type and gpx7 mutant plants. Constitutively reduced cpGPX expression also led to higher foliar ascorbic acid, glutathione, and salicylic acid levels in plants exposed to higher light intensities. Our results suggest partially overlapping functions of GPX1 and GPX7. The data further point to specific changes in the chloroplast ascorbate-glutathione cycle due to reduced cpGPX expression, initiating reactive oxygen species and salicylic acid pathways that affect leaf development, light acclimation, basal defense, and cell death programs. Thus, cpGPXs regulate cellular photooxidative tolerance and immune responses.
A Nonsense Mutation in a Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Is Responsible for the Sorghum brown midrib6 Phenotype
Authors: Sattler Scott E. , Saathoff Aaron J. , Haas Eric J. , Palmer Nathan A. , Funnell-Harris Deanna L. , Sarath Gautam , Pedersen Jeffrey F. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
brown midrib6 (bmr6) affects phenylpropanoid metabolism, resulting in reduced lignin concentrations and altered lignin composition in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Recently, bmr6 plants were shown to have limited cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity (CAD; EC 1.1.1.195), the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of hydroxycinnamoyl aldehydes (monolignals) to monolignols. A candidate gene approach was taken to identify Bmr6. Two CAD genes (Sb02g024190 and Sb04g005950) were identified in the sorghum genome based on similarity to known CAD genes and through DNA sequencing a nonsense mutation was discovered in Sb04g005950 that results in a truncated protein lacking the NADPH-binding and C-terminal catalytic domains. Immunoblotting confirmed that the Bmr6 protein was absent in protein extracts from bmr6 plants. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Bmr6 is a member of an evolutionarily conserved group of CAD proteins, which function in lignin biosynthesis. In addition, Bmr6 is distinct from the other CAD-like proteins in sorghum, including SbCAD4 (Sb02g024190). Although both Bmr6 and SbCAD4 are expressed in sorghum internodes, an examination of enzymatic activity of recombinant Bmr6 and SbCAD4 showed that Bmr6 had 1 to 2 orders of magnitude greater activity for monolignol substrates. Modeling of Bmr6 and SbCAD4 protein structures showed differences in the amino acid composition of the active site that could explain the difference in enzyme activity. These differences include His-57, which is unique to Bmr6 and other grass CADs. In summary, Bmr6 encodes the major CAD protein involved in lignin synthesis in sorghum, and the bmr6 mutant is a null allele.
Mitochondrial and Nuclear Localization of a Novel Pea Thioredoxin: Identification of Its Mitochondrial Target Proteins
Authors: Martí María C. , Olmos Enrique , Calvete Juan J. , Díaz Isabel , Barranco-Medina Sergio , Whelan James , Lázaro Juan J. , Sevilla Francisca , Jiménez Ana 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Plants contain several genes encoding thioredoxins (Trxs), small proteins involved in the regulation of the activity of many enzymes through dithiol-disulfide exchange. In addition to chloroplastic and cytoplasmic Trx systems, plant mitochondria contain a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent Trx reductase and a specific Trx o, and to date, there have been no reports of a gene encoding a plant nuclear Trx. We report here the presence in pea (Pisum sativum) mitochondria and nuclei of a Trx isoform (PsTrxo1) that seems to belong to the Trx o group, although it differs from this Trx type by its absence of introns in the genomic sequence. Western-blot analysis with isolated mitochondria and nuclei, immunogold labeling, and green fluorescent protein fusion constructs all indicated that PsTrxo1 is present in both cell compartments. Moreover, the identification by tandem mass spectrometry of the native mitochondrial Trx after gel filtration using the fast-protein liquid chromatography system of highly purified mitochondria and the in vitro uptake assay into isolated mitochondria also corroborated a mitochondrial location for this protein. The recombinant PsTrxo1 protein has been shown to be reduced more effectively by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial Trx reductase Trr2 than by the wheat (Triticum aestivum) cytoplasmic reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent Trx reductase. PsTrxo1 was able to activate alternative oxidase, and it was shown to interact with a number of mitochondrial proteins, including peroxiredoxin and enzymes mainly involved in the photorespiratory process.