bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Complications and Its Management during Radiotherapy
Authors: Kumar Dheeraj , Rastogi Namrata 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTCancer is a class of diseases in which a cell or a group of cells display uncontrolled growth, invasion, and sometimes metastasis. The term head and neck cancer refers to a group of biologically similar cancers originating from the upper aerodigestive tract, including the lip, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx and larynx. About 90% of head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, originating from the mucosal lining (epithelium) of these regions. Radiation therapy is the most common form of treatment along with surgery and chemotherapy. There are different forms of radiation therapy, including 3D conformal radiation therapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy and brachytherapy, which are commonly used in the treatment of cancers of the head and neck. There are both acute and long-term sequelae of radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) that occur because of effects on normal tissues. Radiotherapy-induced oral complications are complex, dynamic pathobiological processes that lower the quality of life and predispose patients to serious clinical disorders. Radiotherapy-induced damage in the oral mucosa is the result of the deleterious effects of radiation, not only on the oral mucosa itself but also on the adjacent salivary glands, bone, dentition, and masticatory musculature and apparatus.Dental surgeons should organize and implement preventive and therapeutic strategies in the management of various complications due to radiotherapy. The clinical features, diagnosis and management of various complications are discussed here. This article mainly presents a brief overview of the whole program of oral evaluation and proper care before, during and after the radiotherapy, managing all the common problems involved.
Ameloblastomatous Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst: A Rare Clinicopathologic Entity
Authors: Gupta Siddharth 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe calcifying odontogenic cyst represents a heterogeneous group of lesions that exhibits a variety of clinicopathologic and behavioral features. Therefore, a proper categorization of the cases is needed for better understanding of each variant. Ameloblastoma is one of the well-known odontogenic tumors that could be associated with calcifying odontogenic cyst. Very few cases of ameloblastomatous calcifying odontogenic cyst have been reported in the literature. In this report, we present a case of ameloblastomatous calcifying odontogenic cyst differentiating it from other variants of calcifying odontogenic cyst.
Correlation of Clinical and Neuroimaging Findings affecting Management in Postpartum Eclampsia: A Prospective Study
Authors: Kokila MS , Dwivedi Akhilesh Dutta 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To correlate clinical and radiologic findings, to determine whether brain tomography affects management and routinely indicated in uncomplicated postpartum eclampsia and to differentiate it from other potentially treatable conditions. Methodology: This was a prospective hospital-based study of 28 postpartum eclamptics with atypical or complicated course. Neuroimaging was done after stabilizing them with standardized eclampsia regimen. The relationship between maternal demographic, clinical and neuroimaging data with the cause for postpartum seizures was statistically analyzed with Yate's Chi-square test and Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval.

Results
The eclampsia incidence was 3.64% (326/8944 deliveries). Noneclamptic organic cause for seizures was more in late postpartum eclamptics. Among ten early postpartum eclamptics, 80% had normal neuroimaging, one cerebral edema and one neurocysticercosis. Among 18 late postpartum eclamptics, four had normal neuroimaging, one falcian calcification, one cerebral hypoxia, eight (28.6%) cortical venous thrombosis, three granuloma and one gliosis.

Conclusion
Despite many abnormalities seen on imaging studies, some are incidental and transient, without chronic neurologic sequelae. Thus, expensive neuroimaging has limited role in uncomplicated cases with typical clinical course and prompt response to standard therapy. Thus, neuroimaging is indicated in atypical and fatal cases where specific therapy may be required.
Comparison of Diagnostic Efficacy of Visual Inspection of Cervix with Acetic Acid and Pap Smear for Prevention of Cervical Cancer: Is VIA Superseding Pap Smear?
Authors: Patil Kamal , Durdi G , Lakshmi KS 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To estimate diagnostic efficacy of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) in comparison to Pap smear.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was carried over a period of 24 months on 200 women attending colposcopy clinic at KLES Dr Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Center, Belgaum, India. All women enrolled in study underwent Pap smear, VIA, colposcopy and biopsy. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, false-positive rate and false-negative rate were calculated for VIA, Pap smear and colposcopy with biopsy as the reference standard.

Results
In our study, sensitivity and specificity of VIA were found to be 86.95% and 72.51% respectively, and that of Pap smear 37.68% and 92.36% respectively. Colposcopy showed higher sensitivity (94.20%) and specificity (94.65%).

Conclusion
VIA is a suitable primary screening procedure alternative to Pap smear as it has high sensitivity and negative predictive value.
Vulvar Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Entity
Authors: Soni Monica , Aggarwal Sudesh , Soni Prasoon , Gupta Puja , Dadhich Shaifali , Saini Sharadlata 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT
Merkel cell carcinoma is a primary small cell carcinoma of the skin that resembles oat cell carcinomas of the lung. This tumor has a predilection for head and neck region but may rarely occur as isolated vulvar tumor. It has aggressive malignant behavior and should not be missed while evaluating vulvar masses. We report a case of 45-year-old Mrs I, who presented with recurrent vulvar swelling and was diagnosed as stage III Merkel cell carcinoma of the vulva.

Synonyms
Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma, Trabecular carcinoma, Primary small cell carcinoma, Cutaneous apudoma.
Rupture Uterus in Pregnancy with Didelphys Uterus: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Dadhich Shaifali , Suthar Shashi , Choudhary Rekha 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT
Uterus didelphys is rare and sometimes not even diagnosed. We report a case of didelphys uterus in a 26-year-old pregnant lady who previously had three successful pregnancies with previous one C-section and remained undiagnosed till she presented to us as ruptured uterus. This case report aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics and perinatal outcome of VBAC in pregnancy with didelphys uterus and history of previous cesarean section.
Pregnancy following Transvaginal Ultrasound-Guided Aspiration and Sclerotherapy of Endometrioma
Authors: Begum Mosammat Rashida , Baby Hosne Ara 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT
Many researchers have tried for aspiration of endometrioma followed by alcohol or tetracycline sclerotherapy in order to avoid delicate surgical procedure as well as to keep a functioning ovarian reserve. It has traditionally being used for recurrent cases of endometriomas. But this case report illustrates the importance of applying this procedure in unavoidable and exceptional circumstances.
High‐Temperature Performance of Alumina–Zirconia Composite Coatings Containing Amorphous Phases
Authors: Tarasi Fariba , Medraj Mamoun , Dolatabadi Ali , Oberste‐Berghaus Jorg , Moreau Christian 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAmorphous phases are commonly found in nanostructured plasma‐sprayed coatings. Nonetheless, the role of these phases in the resulting coatings’ properties has remained uninvestigated until now. In the present work, pseudo‐eutectic coatings—based on alumina and 8 wt% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ)—containing amorphous phases are produced using a suspension‐plasma‐spray process. These composite materials are a potential choice for thermal‐barrier coating applications. The role of the amorphous phase on the performance of the coatings is investigated before and after heat treatment. Results show that, although the amorphous phases in untreated coatings reduce the thermal conductivity, they impair the mechanical properties. However, treatment above the crystallization temperature leads to better mechanical properties as well as enhanced high‐temperature stability of the resulting nanostructure. Moreover, the role of alumina as a stabilizer of high‐temperature YSZ phases (tetragonal and cubic) is confirmed and the high‐temperature phase stability of the alumina–YSZ composite is demonstrated. The amorphous phases are found to crystallize into their corresponding high‐temperature stable phases; i. e., α‐alumina and tetragonal zirconia.
Lung cancer risk in the electroplating industry in Lombardy, Italy, using the Italian occupational cancer monitoring (OCCAM) information system
Authors: Panizza Celestino , Bai Edoardo , Oddone Enrico , Scaburri Alessandra , Massari Stefania , Modonesi Carlo , Contiero Paolo , Marinaccio Alessandro , Crosignani Paolo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundOccupational Cancer Monitoring (OCCAM) is an Italian organization that monitors occupational cancers, by area and industrial sector, by retrieving cases and employment history from official databases. OCCAM previously estimated a relative risk (RR) of lung cancer of about 1.32 among “metal treatment” workers in Lombardy, northern Italy, potentially exposed to chrome and nickel. In the present study, lung cancer risk was estimated among electroplating workers only.MethodsLombardy electroplating companies were identified from descriptions in Social Security files. Lung cancer risk was evaluated from 2001 to 2008 incident cases identified from hospital discharge records.ResultsThe RR for lung cancer among electroplating workers was 2.03 (90% CI 1.33–3.10, 18 cases) for men; 3.00 (90% CI 1.38–9.03, 4 cases) for women.ConclusionsElectroplaters had higher risks than “metal treatment” workers. Although the risks were due to past exposure, case histories and recent acute effects indicate a present carcinogenic hazard in some Lombardy electroplating factories. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:1–4, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of GRIN1 and GRIN2A‐D With schizophrenia and genetic interaction with maternal herpes simplex virus‐2 infection affecting disease risk
Authors: Demontis Ditte , Nyegaard Mette , Buttenschøn Henriette N. , Hedemand Anne , Pedersen Carsten B. , Grove Jakob , Flint Tracey J. , Nordentoft Merete , Werge Thomas , Hougaard David M. , Sørensen Karina M. , Yolken Robert H. , Mors Ole , Børglum Anders D. , Mortensen Preben Bo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors are very important for proper brain development and several lines of evidence support that hypofunction of the NMDA receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Gene variation and gene–environmental interactions involving the genes encoding the NMDA receptors are therefore likely to influence the risk of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to determine (1) whether SNP variation in the genes (GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRIN2C, and GRIN2D) encoding the NMDA receptor were associated with schizophrenia; (2) whether GRIN gene variation in the offspring interacted with maternal herpes simplex virus‐2 (HSV‐2) seropositivity during pregnancy influencing the risk of schizophrenia later in life. Individuals from three independently collected Danish case control samples were genotyped for 81 tagSNPs (in total 984 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and 1,500 control persons) and antibodies against maternal HSV‐2 infection were measured in one of the samples (365 cases and 365 controls). Nine SNPs out of 30 in GRIN2B were significantly associated with schizophrenia. One SNP remained significant after Bonferroni correction (rs1806194, Pnominal = 0.0008). Significant interaction between maternal HSV‐2 seropositivity and GRIN2B genetic variation in the offspring were observed for seven SNPs and two remained significant after Bonferroni correction (rs1805539, Pnominal = 0.0001 and rs1806205, Pnominal = 0.0008). The significant associations and interactions were located at the 3′ region of GRIN2B suggesting that genetic variation in this part of the gene may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of high predictive soft sensor method and the application to industrial polymer processes
Authors: Kaneko Hiromasa , Funatsu Kimito 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIn industrial plants, soft sensors are widely used to estimate process variables that are difficult to measure online. One of the problems of soft sensors is that their predictive accuracy gradually decreases with changes in the state of the plants. Although regression models are reconstructed with new data to solve this problem, some problems remain in practice. Hence, it is attempted to construct soft sensor models based upon the time difference of an objective variable and that of explanatory variables for reducing the effects of deterioration with age such as the drift and gradual changes in the state of plants. However, the time difference model cannot account for the nonlinearity in process variables. Therefore, to consider the nonlinearity and the effects of changes with age, we have proposed to construct time difference models after modeling nonlinear relationship between and among process variables. Variables obtained by physical models or those calculated by statistical nonlinear regression methods are used to consider the nonlinearity, and then, a time difference model is constructed including these variables. First, we verified the superiority of the proposed methods over traditional ones. Then, we applied these methods to the actual industrial data obtained during an industrial polymer process. The proposed models achieved high predictive accuracy for melt flow rate and density, and the bias of the prediction errors could be eased in both cases by using the proposed methods. We confirmed the usefulness of the proposed methods without reconstruction of soft sensor models. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unraveling the complex relationship between folate and cancer risk
Authors: Mason Joel B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEpidemiologic evidence generally indicates that an abundant intake of foodstuffs rich in folate conveys protection against the development of colorectal cancer and perhaps some other common cancers as well. Preclinical models substantiate that the relationship is a genuinely causal one. However, the issue is rather complex because some observations in animal and human studies demonstrate that an overly abundant intake of folate among those who harbor existing foci of neoplasia might instead produce a paradoxical promotion of tumorigenesis. The pharmaceutical form of the vitamin, folic acid, might affect the process in a manner that is distinct from natural forms of the vitamin, although this remains a speculative concept. We should not allow the complex nature of this relationship to compel us to ignore it, as understanding its true nature will greatly facilitate our ability to construct intelligent, effective, and safe strategies for the prevention of birth defects and cancer.
Folic acid and primary prevention of birth defects
Authors: Taruscio Domenica , Carbone Pietro , Granata Orietta , Baldi Francesca , Mantovani Alberto 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBirth defects (BDs) are an important public health problem, due to their overall incidence, occurring in 2–3% of live births in European Union. Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among major NTDs, due to their severity and relatively high incidence; in the meanwhile NTDs are also the most effectively preventable BDs to date. In particular, an adequate folic acid (FA) intake reduces both the occurrence and the recurrence of NTDs; FA is the synthetic form of folates, naturally occurring vitamins in a number of foods, especially vegetables. The daily intake of 0.4 mg of FA should be recommended to all women of childbearing age who plan to become pregnant. The Italian Network for Primary Prevention of BDs through FA Promotion has achieved a significant improvement in FA awareness and use in the periconceptional period. Nevertheless, primary prevention of BDs needs to make further progress; the Italian National Centre for Rare Diseases participates in european sureveillance of congenital anomalies (EUROCAT) Joint Action as coordinator of activities on the effectiveness of BDs prevention. Mandatory food fortification with FA has not been introduced in any European country. The health benefits of FA in reducing the risk of NTDs are undisputed; however mechanistic and animal studies suggest a relationship between high FA intakes and increased cancer promotion, while human studies are still inconsistent and inconclusive. A Working Group organized by the European Food Safety Authority pointed out significant uncertainties about fortification safety and the need for more studies; currently, FA intake from fortified foods and supplements should not exceed 1 mg/day in adults. In conclusion, based on up‐to‐date scientific evidence, the Italian Network strategy pivots on periconceptional supplementation integrated with promotion of healthy eating habits, support to health education, enhancing the role of women in managing life choices about their health and pregnancy and increasing the scientific knowledge about BDs primary prevention.
Phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins: Negotiating the regulatory interface between lipid metabolism and lipid signaling in diverse cellular processes
Authors: Ghosh Ratna , Bankaitis Vytas A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPhosphoinositides represent only a small percentage of the total cellular lipid pool. Yet, these molecules play crucial roles in diverse intracellular processes such as signal transduction at membrane‐cytosol interface, regulation of membrane trafficking, cytoskeleton organization, nuclear events, and the permeability and transport functions of the membrane. A central principle in such lipid‐mediated signaling is the appropriate coordination of these events. Such an intricate coordination demands fine spatial and temporal control of lipid metabolism and organization, and consistent mechanisms for specifically coupling these parameters to dedicated physiological processes. In that regard, recent studies have identified Sec14‐like phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PITPs) as “coincidence detectors,” which spatially and temporally link the diverse aspects of the cellular lipid metabolome with phosphoinositide signaling. The integral role of PITPs in eukaryotic signal transduction design is amply demonstrated by the mammalian diseases associated with the derangements in the function of these proteins, to stress response and developmental regulation in plants, to fungal dimorphism and pathogenicity, to membrane trafficking in yeast, and higher eukaryotes. This review updates the recent advances made in the understanding of how these proteins, specifically PITPs of the Sec14‐protein superfamily, operate at the molecular level and further describes how this knowledge has advanced our perception on the diverse biological functions of PITPs.
Influence of preoperative chemotherapy for advanced thoracic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma on perioperative complications
Authors: Hirao M , Ando N , Tsujinaka T , Udagawa H , Yano M , Yamana H , Nagai K , Mizusawa J , Nakamura K 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
The Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) 9907 trial has changed the standard of care for advanced thoracic oesophageal cancer in Japan from postoperative chemotherapy to preoperative chemotherapy. The impact of preoperative chemotherapy on the risk of developing postoperative complications remains controversial. This article reports the safety analysis of JCOG9907, focusing on risk factors for postoperative complications.

Methods
Patients with potentially resectable advanced thoracic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma were randomized to either postoperative or preoperative chemotherapy followed by transthoracic oesophagectomy with D2–3 lymphadenectomy. Chemotherapy consisted of two cycles of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. Clinical baseline data, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality, collected on the case report forms in a predetermined format, were analysed. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to explore the risk of postoperative complications in relation to treatment group, age, sex, tumour depth, nodal metastasis, stage and location.

Results
Of 330 patients randomized, 166 were assigned to receive postoperative chemotherapy and 164 preoperative chemotherapy; 162 and 154 patients respectively underwent surgery. The incidence of intraoperative complications, postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality was similarly low in both groups. Multivariable analysis showed that age, sex and tumour location were independently associated with an increase in postoperative complications, but preoperative chemotherapy was not.

Conclusion
Preoperative chemotherapy does not increase the risk of complications or hospital mortality after surgery for advanced thoracic oesophageal cancer. Registration number: NCT00190554 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Stability of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Amide (CAPA) in Rat Plasma
Authors: Yang John , Kerwin Sean M. , Bowman Phillip D. , Stavchansky Salomon 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTA validated C18 reverse‐phase HPLC method with UV detection at 320 nm was developed and used for the stability evaluation of caffeic acid phenethyl amide (CAPA) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in rat plasma. CAPA is the amide derivative of CAPE, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound that has been found to be active in a variety of biological pathways. CAPA has been shown to protect endothelial cells against hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative stress to a similar degree to CAPE. CAPE has been reported to be rapidly hydrolyzed in rat plasma via esterase enzymes. CAPA is expected to display a longer half‐life than CAPE by avoiding hydrolysis via plasma esterases. The stability of CAPA and CAPE in rat plasma was investigated at three temperatures. The half‐lives for CAPA were found to be 41.5, 10 and 0.82 h at 25, 37 and 60 °C, respectively. The half‐lives for CAPE were found to be 1.95, 0.35 and 0.13 h at 4, 25 and 37 °C, respectively. The energy of activation was found to be 22.1 kcal/mol for CAPA and 14.1 kcal/mol for CAPE. A more stable compound could potentially extend the beneficial effects of CAPE. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UPLC‐MS/MS method for bioequivalence study of oral drugs of meldonium
Authors: Pidpruzhnykov Yuriy V. , Sabko Valerii E. , Iurchenko Volodymyr V. , Zupanets Igor A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTA rapid and simple method based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography on a hydrophilic interaction chromatography column with tandem mass‐selective detection (UPLC‐MS/MS) to determine meldonium in human plasma was developed. The calibration curve acquired in the range of 10–6000 ng/mL had quadratic form. Method validation proved the conformity of its properties (selectivity, matrix effect, lower limit of quantification, accuracy, precision and recovery) with the established requirements. The stability tests necessary for bioanalytical studies were performed. For the first time, the method was successfully applied to the bioequivalence studies of generic and brand name oral drugs of meldonium in capsules. Based on data from 24 volunteers, it was determined that the mean pharmacokinetic curves of the drugs are characterized by a double peak profile. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.