bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic Interference of Communication Devices on ECG Machines
Authors: Baranchuk Adrian , Kang Jaskaran , Shaw Cathy , Campbell Debra , Ribas Sebastian , Hopman Wilma M. , Alanazi Haitham , Redfearn Damian P. , Simpson Christopher S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundUse of communication devices in the hospital environment remains controversial. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can affect different medical devices. Potential sources for EMI on ECG machines were systematically tested.HypothesisCommunication devices produce EMI on ECG machines. EMI impairs ECG interpretation.MethodsThe communication devices tested were: a global system for mobile communication (GSM) receiver, a code division multiple access (CDMA) receiver, an analog phone, a wireless local area network, and an alpha‐numeric pager. EMI was tested on 3 ECG machines: MAC 5000, MAC 1200, and ELI 100. The devices were tested at 2 and 1 meter, 50, 25, and 0 cm from the acquisition module. The ECGs were presented to a heterogeneous group of clinical providers, (medical students, residents, nurses, industry representatives from cardiac devices companies, and attending cardiologists) to evaluate the impact of EMI on ECG interpretation skills.ResultsEMI was detected on the MAC 5000 ECG machine when activated GSM, CDMA, and analog phones were placed on top of the acquisition module. No EMI was seen on the other ECG machines or when phones were at a longer distance or deactivated. EMI was incorrectly diagnosed in 18% of the cases. EMI was confused most frequently with atrial fibrillation or flutter (52%), ventricular arrhythmias (22%), and pacemaker dysfunction (26%). Medical students (p < 0.003) and non‐cardiology residents (p = 0.05) demonstrated significantly worse performance on EMI interpretation.ConclusionsDigital and analog phones produce EMI on modern ECG machines when activated in direct contact to the acquisition module. EMI impairs ECG interpretation. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic significance of lymph node invasion in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Lughezzani Giovanni , Capitanio Umberto , Jeldres Claudio , Isbarn Hendrik , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Arjane Philippe , Widmer Hugues , Perrotte Paul , Montorsi Francesco , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Virtually all staging schemes aimed at predicting the prognosis of surgically treated patients diagnosed with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC) omit the use of lymph node stage. In the current study, the authors tested the prognostic significance of lymph node stage in patients with MRCC within a population‐based cohort of patients treated with cytoreductive nephrectomy to assess whether the inclusion of lymph node stage could improve the accuracy of cancer‐specific mortality predictions.METHODS:Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, the authors identified 1153 patients who were treated with cytoreductive nephrectomy for MRCC, with (negative lymph nodes [N0] vs positive lymph nodes [N1‐2]) or without (unknown lymph node stage [Nx]) lymphadenectomy. Of 797 patients treated with lymphadenectomy, 42.9% were found to have lymph node metastases. Kaplan‐Meier plots and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses tested the statistical significance and the independent predictor status of lymph node stage, Fuhrman grade, tumor size, year of surgery, race, sex, and age in patients who underwent lymphadenectomy at the time of cytoreductive nephrectomy.RESULTS:At 3 years after cytoreductive nephrectomy, the cancer‐specific mortality‐free rates of N1‐2 versus N0 versus Nx patients were 14.4% versus 34.7% versus 34.0%, respectively. Lymph node stage represented the most informative variable and achieved independent predictor status in all multivariate models (P < .001). Consideration of lymph node stage added 3.2% accuracy to other predictors of cancer‐specific mortality.CONCLUSIONS:The findings of the current study indicate that lymph node stage should be considered in prognostic models. The TNM staging of MRCC patients also should rely on the stage of locoregional lymph nodes, because the 3‐year cancer‐specific mortality rates of lymph node‐negative and lymph node‐positive MRCC patients differ by as much as 20%. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Analysis of harmonic electromagnetic field using element‐free Galerkin method
Authors: Yang E. H. , Wang S. G. , Mo J. Q. , Liang Q. H. , Xu W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBy means of the vector weight function and the weighted residual method, the detailed implementation of the numerical model in a harmonic electromagnetic problem, which is formulated with the A‐ϕ‐A method, is completed by applying the element‐free Galerkin method (EFGM) in the cylindrical coordinates. Moreover, the impositions of the essential boundary conditions and the interface conditions (ICs) are also discussed. Furthermore, an axisymmetric longitudinal flux induction heating problem is applied to validate the effectiveness of the EFGM for the electromagnetic problem. The computational results agree well with those of the finite element method (FEM). It proves that the numerical model of the harmonic electromagnetic problem is correct. In addition, the appropriate value of the penalty coefficient for the electromagnetic field ICs is given. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen Storage Mediated by Pd and Pt Nanoparticles
Authors: Yamauchi Miho , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Kitagawa Hiroshi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe hydrogen storage properties of metal nanoparticles change with particle size. For example, in a palladium–hydrogen system, the hydrogen solubility and equilibrium pressure for the formation of palladium hydride decrease with a decrease in the particle size, whereas hydrogen solubility in nanoparticles of platinum, in which hydrogen cannot be stored in the bulk state, increases. Systematic studies of hydrogen storage in Pd and Pt nanoparticles have clarified the origins of these nanosize effects. We found a novel hydrogen absorption site in the hetero‐interface that forms between the Pd core and Pt shell of the Pd/Pt core/shell‐type bimetallic nanoparticles. It is proposed that the potential formed in the hetero‐interface stabilizes hydrogen atoms rather than interstitials in the Pd core and Pt shells. These results suggest that metal nanoparticles a few nanometers in size can act as a new type of hydrogen storage medium. Based on knowledge of the nanosize effects, we discuss how hydrogen storage media can be designed for improvement of the conditions of hydrogen storage.
An Excursion from Normal to Inverted CC Bonds Shows a Clear Demarcation between Covalent and Charge‐Shift CC Bonds
Authors: Shaik Sason , Chen Zhenhua , Wu Wei , Stanger Amnon , Danovich David , Hiberty Philippe C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWhat is the nature of the CC bond? Valence bond and electron density computations of 16 CC bonds show two families of bonds that flesh out as a phase diagram. One family, involving ethane, cyclopropane and so forth, is typified by covalent CC bonding wherein covalent spin‐pairing accounts for most of the bond energy. The second family includes the inverted bridgehead bonds of small propellanes, where the bond is neither covalent nor ionic, but owes its existence to the resonance stabilization between the respective structures; hence a charge‐shift (CS) bond. The dual family also emerges from calculated and experimental electron density properties. Covalent CC bonds are characterized by negative Laplacians of the density, whereas CS‐bonds display small or positive Laplacians. The positive Laplacian defines a region suffering from neighbouring repulsive interactions, which is precisely the case in the inverted bonding region. Such regions are rich in kinetic energy, and indeed the energy‐density analysis reveals that CS‐bonds are richer in kinetic energy than the covalent CC bonds. The large covalent–ionic resonance energy is precisely the mechanism that lowers the kinetic energy in the bonding region and restores equilibrium bonding. Thus, different degrees of repulsive strain create two bonding families of the same chemical bond made from a single atomic constituent. It is further shown that the idea of repulsive strain is portable and can predict the properties of propellanes of various sizes and different wing substituents. Experimentally (M. Messerschmidt, S. Scheins, L. Bruberth, M. Patzel, G. Szeimies, C. Paulman, P. Luger,Angew. Chem.2005,117, 3993–3997;Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2005,44, 3925–3928), the CC bond families are beautifully represented in [1.1.1]propellane, where the inverted CC is a CS‐bond, while the wings are made from covalent CC bonds. What other manifestations can we expect from CS‐bonds? Answers from experiment have the potential of recharting the mental map of chemical bonding.
Performance evaluation for sustainable business: a profitability and marketability framework
Authors: Lo Shih‐Fang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCorporate sustainability is defined as the integration of financial benefit, environmental protection, and social responsibility into business operations and management. However, there is little evidence depicting the relationship between corporate sustainability and operating performance, and it is also doubtful whether investors in the stock market value corporate sustainable strategies. This study therefore seeks to evaluate the performance of sustainable firms through the perspectives of exploring realistic issues as well as providing supporting evidence. A two‐stage performance evaluation is adopted to evaluate the sustainable firms' profitability and marketability efficiency in comparison with other firms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Dynamic pricing for load‐balancing in user‐centric joint call admission control of next‐generation wireless networks
Authors: Falowo Olabisi E. , Zeadally Sherali , Chan H. Anthony 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNext‐generation wireless networks (NGWN) will be heterogeneous, comprising of a number of radio access technologies (RATs) co‐existing in the same geographical area. In NGWN, joint call admission control (JCAC) algorithms are required to select the most appropriate RAT for each incoming call. It is envisaged that these JCAC algorithms will be user‐centric (i.e. will consider users' preferences in making RAT selection decisions) in order to enhance user satisfaction. However, user‐centric JCAC algorithms can lead to highly unbalanced traffic load among the available RATs in NGWN because users act independently, and most of them may prefer to be connected through a particular RAT. Highly unbalanced traffic load in NGWN will result in high overall call blocking/dropping probability and poor radio result utilization. To address this problem, we propose dynamic pricing for balancing traffic load among available RATs in heterogeneous wireless networks where users' preferences are considered in making RAT selection decisions. By dynamically adjusting the service price in each of the available RATs, the proposed user‐centric JCAC scheme evens out the unbalanced traffic load caused by independent users' preferences. The JCAC scheme uses fuzzy multiple attribute decision‐making (MADM) technique to select the most appropriate RAT for each incoming call. We develop a Markov model to evaluate the overall call blocking/dropping probability and percentage load in each RAT in heterogeneous wireless networks. Performance of the proposed JCAC scheme is compared with that of a scheme that does not use dynamic pricing. Simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed JCAC scheme. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy‐efficient network selection with mobility pattern awareness in an integrated WiMAX and WiFi network
Authors: Yang Wen‐Hsin , Wang You‐Chiun , Tseng Yu‐Chee , Lin Bao‐Shuh P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTo provide wireless Internet access, WiFi networks have been deployed in many regions such as buildings and campuses. However, WiFi networks are still insufficient to support ubiquitous wireless service due to their narrow coverage. One possibility to resolve this deficiency is to integrate WiFi networks with the wide‐range WiMAX networks. Under such an integrated WiMAX and WiFi network, how to conduct energy‐efficient handovers is a critical issue. In this paper, we propose a handover scheme with geographic mobility awareness (HGMA), which considers the historical handover patterns of mobile devices. HGMA can conserve the energy of handovering devices from three aspects. First, it prevents mobile devices from triggering unnecessary handovers according to their received signal strength and moving speeds. Second, it contains a handover candidate selection method for mobile devices to intelligently select a subset of WiFi access points or WiMAX relay stations to be scanned. Therefore, mobile devices can reduce their network scanning and thus save their energy. Third, HGMA prefers mobile devices staying in their original WiMAX or WiFi networks. This can prevent mobile devices from consuming too much energy on interface switching. In addition, HGMA prefers the low‐tier WiFi network over the WiMAX network and guarantees the bandwidth requirements of handovering devices. Simulation results show that HGMA can save about 59– 80% of energy consumption of a handover operation, make mobile devices to associate with WiFi networks with 16–62% more probabilities, and increase about 20–61% of QoS satisfaction ratio to handovering devices. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Spectroscopic Studies of Aromatic Ester Derivatives of Hexamolybdate
Authors: Li Qiang , Yin Panchao , Shi Lu , Wei Yongge 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwo new hybrids of local anesthetic analogs and polyoxometalates {(Bu4N)2[Mo6O18NC6H4COOCH3] (1) and (Bu4N)2[Mo6O18NC6H4COOC2H5] (2)} have been prepared in high purity and moderate yields using the easy reaction route of [α‐Mo8O26]4– with corresponding aromatic amine hydrochlorides in the presence of a N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and have been characterized by 1H NMR, IR, UV/Vis, ESI‐MS, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar {1}$ with dimer structure, while Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with dimer and chain structure. These two hybrids have the typical Mo≡N triple bond that links a phenylimido group in local anesthetic analogs to the Mo atom of a hexamolybdate cluster. Because the formed Mo≡N bond is not stable in basic solution, this property is useful and could be developed as a novel controlled‐release technology for drug delivery.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Lanthanide Complexes for Nonlinear Optics: From Fundamental Aspects to Applications (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 29‐30/2009)
Authors: Andraud Chantal , Maury Olivier 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows two of the most striking results of the use of lanthanide complexes for nonlinear optical applications: (i) the design of lanthanide‐based bioprobes for two‐photon scanning microscopy and (ii) the direct contribution of f electrons to the quadratic hyperpolarisability. In their Microreview on p. 4357ff, C. Andraud and O. Maury propose an exhaustive description of the state‐of‐the‐art of this emerging but also challenging field of research.
On the inferential epistemics of trait centrality in impression formation
Authors: Orehek Edward , Dechesne Mark , Fishbach Ayelet , Kruglanski Arie W. , Chun Woo Young 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe provide a novel, inferential, account of the trait centrality phenomenon. We suggest that a trait possesses the property of “centrality” to the extent that it is subjectively deemed to imply other traits. Five studies explore four central elements of this view. First, trait relations can be stored as unidirectional rules (“if X then Y” but not necessarily “if Y then X”). Second, the strength of individuals' lay inference rules determines the effect of traits on impressions. Third, situationally manipulating the strength of lay inference rules influences the impact of traits on impressions. Fourth, the impact of an inference rule is reduced when it is difficult to discern the inference rule and when processing resources are limited. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel reactive power planning method based on improved particle swarm optimization with static voltage stability
Authors: Hong‐Zhong Li , Hao‐Zhong Cheng , Zheng Yan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA reactive power planning method based on improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) is presented. This method can improve the quality of initial particles and eliminate the boundary oscillation in traditional particle swarm optimization. The voltage stability margin index (VSI) is used to rank the load buses. Then reactive power compensators are installed on the buses with weak voltage stability. The maximization of voltage stability margin is included in the objective function of reactive power planning to improve system voltage stability. Its application in IEEE 30‐bus system illustrates that the real power loss is depressed with voltage stability margins increased simultaneously. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved OFDMA uplink transmissionviacooperative relaying in the presence of frequency offsets—Part I: Ergodic information rate analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhongshan , Tellambura Chintha , Schober Robert 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this two‐part paper, we evaluate ergodic and outage information rates in an orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access (OFDMA) uplink with amplify‐and‐forward (AF) and decode‐and‐forward (DF) relays in the presence of frequency offsets. Each node plays the roles of the source node and the relay, simultaneously, but on different subcarriers. In Part I, the ergodic information rate is derived, and in Part II, the outage information rate of the considered scheme is derived. For a given frequency offset, unlike that of the AF mode, the DF ergodic information rate does not monotonically increase with α (the ratio between the power allocated to the source node and the total transmit power), and 0 < α < 1 can be optimised to maximise the ergodic information rate. Numerical results show that AF cooperation does not outperform the conventional transmission (without relaying) with regard to ergodic information rate. In contrast, with DF relaying, performance gains are possible. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical modelling of users' behaviour and performance metrics in key distribution schemes
Authors: Tornatore Massimo , Giacomazzi Paolo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAccess control for group communications must ensure that only legitimate users can access the authorised data streams. This could be done by distributing an encrypting key to each member of the group to be secured. To achieve a high level of security, the group key should be changed every time a user joins or leaves the group, so that a former group member has no access to current communications and a new member has no access to previous communications. Since group memberships could be very dynamic, the group key should be changed frequently. So far, different schemes for efficient key distribution have been proposed to limit the key‐distribution overhead. In previous works, the performance comparison among these different schemes have been based on simulative experiments, where users join and leave secure groups according to a basic statistical model of users' behaviour. In this paper, we propose a new statistical model to account for the behaviour of users and compare it to the modelling approach so far adopted in the literature. Our new model is able to to lead the system to a steady state (allowing a superior statistical confidence of the results), as opposed to current models in which the system is permanently in a transient and diverging state. We also provide analytical formulations of the main performance metrics usually adopted to evaluate key distribution systems, such as rekey overheads and storage overheads. Then, we validate our simulative outcomes with results obtained by analytical formulations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of CFD‐CSD coupling interface methodology using commercial codes
Authors: Khawar Jawad , Ghafoor Abdul , Chao Yang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCoupling interface between computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computational structural dynamics (CSD) is required to provide exchange of information for the simulation of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) phenomena. Accuracy and consistency of information exchanged through coupling interface between the independent CFD and CSD solvers plays a central role in the simulation and prediction of FSI phenomenon, like flutter. In this paper validation of an implemented coupling interface methodology is presented for subsonic, transonic and near supersonic mach regime. The test case chosen for this purpose is the flutter of AGARD445.6 standard I‐wing weakened model configuration for subsonic to near transonic flow regime. Gambit® and Fluent® are used for CFD grid generation and solution of fluid dynamic equations, respectively. CSD modeling and simulation are provided by numerical time integration of modal dynamic equations derived through the finite element modeling in ANSYS® environment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A witness seminar: the development of old age psychiatry in Britain, 1960–1989. Themes, lessons and highlights
Authors: Hilton Claire , Arie Tom , Nicolson Malcolm 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo create a record of the development of old age psychiatry in Britain, as seen through the eyes of some of the people who participated in building it, from the earliest days until it was officially recognised as a specialty by the Department of Health in 1989.MethodGroup reminiscences and discussions in the format of a witness seminar which was audio‐recorded and transcribed. Witnesses also provided written biographical information.ResultsThe annotated full record created at the seminar is available on line. This paper reflecting themes, lessons and highlights has been derived from it.ConclusionsEarly old age psychiatrists often encountered opposition and incredulity from other health care professionals and managers. However, their experiences were demonstrating just how much could be achieved in improving the lives of older mentally ill people. They conveyed their enthusiasm for their work in both clinical and university settings. Clinical creativity, support when working in relative professional isolation, and dealing with opposition benefited from both the development of the Group for the Psychiatry of Old Age at the Royal College of Psychiatrists and from close links with geriatric medicine. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.