bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of neighborhood income on healthcare utilization in pediatric liver transplant
Authors: Gutierrez Susan A. , Chiou Sy Han , Rhee Sue , Lai Jennifer C. , Wadhwani Sharad I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesNeighborhood contextual factors are associated with liver transplant outcomes. We analyzed associations between neighborhood‐level socioeconomic status and healthcare utilization for pediatric liver transplant recipients.MethodsWe merged the Pediatric Health Information System and Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients databases and included liver transplant recipients ≤21 years hospitalized between January 2004 and May 2022. Outcomes were annual inpatient bed‐days, risk of hospitalizations, and risk of liver biopsies. The primary exposure was zip code‐based neighborhood income at transplant. We applied causal inference for variable selection in multivariable analysis. We modeled annual inpatient bed‐days with mixed‐effect zero‐inflated Poisson regression, and rates of hospitalization and liver biopsy with a Cox‐type proportional rate model.ResultsWe included 1006 participants from 29 institutions. Children from low‐income neighborhoods were more likely to be publicly insured (67% vs. 46%), Black (20% vs. 12%), Hispanic (30% vs. 17%), and have higher model for end‐stage liver disease/pediatric end‐stage liver disease model scores at transplant (17 vs. 13) than the remaining cohort. We found no differences in inpatient bed‐days or rates of hospitalization across neighborhood groups. In univariable analysis, low‐income neighborhoods were associated with increased rates of liver biopsy (rate ratio [RR]: 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04−2.34, p = 0.03). These findings persisted after adjusting for insurance, race, and ethnicity (RR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.23−2.83, p < 0.01).ConclusionsChildren from low‐income neighborhoods undergo more liver biopsies than other children. These procedures are invasive and potentially preventable. In addition to improving outcomes, interventions to mitigate health inequities among liver transplant recipients may reduce resource utilization.
Preferential Phosphorus Placement Improves the Productivity and Competitiveness of Tropical Pasture Legumes
Authors: McLachlan Jonathan W. , Flavel Richard J. , Guppy Chris N. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTExtensive grazing systems often receive minimal fertiliser due to the risk associated with using relatively expensive inputs. Nevertheless, nutrient applications are known to improve pasture productivity, and the benefit of applying fertiliser is being more widely accepted. Two tropical pasture mixes (Digit/Desmanthus and Rhodes/Centro) were established in plastic boxes containing phosphorus (P) responsive soil to investigate shoot yield and P fertiliser recovery. The grasses and legumes were planted in separate rows, and three P treatments were applied along with the seed (‘BOTH low‐P’ had 2 kg P ha−1 banded below both components, ‘BOTH high‐P’ had 12 kg P ha−1 banded below both components and ‘LEGUME superhigh‐P’ had 12 kg P ha−1 banded below the legume only). The P applied below the legumes was labelled with 32P‐radioisotope tracer. When P fertiliser was applied below both components, the grasses consistently out‐yielded the legumes (avg. legume content = 29%). Preferential fertiliser application below the legumes increased the average legume content of the two pasture mixes to 66%. Legume tissue P derived from applied P fertiliser increased from 20% to 77% as the P application rate was increased. However, total recovery of applied P by the legumes was relatively low in each of the treatments (≤ 7% of applied P). These collective results demonstrate that a preferential application of P fertiliser can benefit legume productivity, with applied P being a significant proportion of plant tissue P. Although only a small proportion of applied P was recovered within the seven‐week growth period, it is expected that this fertiliser application at planting will remain beneficial for a large proportion of the growing season following pasture establishment.
Suppressing Self‐Oxidation of Eu2+ in Li2CaSiO4 for Full‐Spectrum Lighting and Accurate Temperature Sensing
Authors: Ding Yang , Lu Xinyue , Maitra Soumyajit , Wang Yan , Pei Lang , Mao Qinan , Liu Meijiao , Zhong Jiasong , Chen Daqin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEu2+‐doped phosphors have attracted the great attention of researchers in the past decade. However, Eu2+ dopant in inorganic hosts often suffers from the self‐oxidation effect, therefore causing the attenuated emission intensity and quantum efficiency. In this regard, developing Eu2+ doped phosphors with the prohibited self‐oxidation effect of Eu2+ and increased thermal stability is urgently required. Herein, an innovative cyan‐light emitting Li2CaSiO4:Eu2+/Eu3+, Lu3+ (LCSO) phosphor is designed. Both experimental results and theoretical calculations demonstrate that adding Lu3+ restricts the self‐oxidation of Eu2+ into Eu3+, thus improving the emission of Eu2+. Meanwhile, the Lu3+ introduction brings out excellent thermal stability. Finally, an efficient WLED with a color temperature (CCT) of 4573 K and a high color rendering index (Ra) of 84.2 is obtained using the as‐prepared phosphor due to the perfect compensation of the cyan light. As the introduction of Lu3+ improves the stability of Eu2+, a much greater difference in PL decay rate between Eu2+ and Eu3+ in LCSO is reached, thereby improving their sensitivity in temperature sensing. The strategy of Lu3+ introduction for prohibiting the self‐oxidation of Eu2+ for efficient and stable Eu2+ emission may stimulate some new ideas in designing high‐performance phosphors for more diverse applications.
Layer‐by‐Layer Construction of Antibacterial and Anticoagulant Blood Contacting Materials
Authors: Zheng Zhiwen , Li Xueyang , Dai Xin , Du Chang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVascular transplantation is a common treatment for Cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the mismatch of mechanical, structural, or microenvironmental properties of materials limits the clinical application. Therefore, the functional construction of artificial vessels or other blood contact materials remains an urgent challenge. In this paper, the composite nanofibers of polycaprolactone (PCL) with dopamine and polyethylenimine (PEI) coating are first prepared, which are further self‐assembled by anticoagulant hirudin (rH) and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) of HHC36 through layer‐by‐layer (LBL) method. The results of FTIR and XPS analysis show that hirudin and AMP are successfully loaded on PEI‐PDA/PCL nanofibers and the hydrophilicity is improved. They also show good mechanical properties that the ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break are better than natural blood vessels. The antibacterial results show that the antibacterial effect is still 93% against E. coli on the fifth day because of the stable and continuous release of HHC36 and rH. The performance of anticoagulant activity also exhibited the same results, which APTT is even 9.7s longer in the experimental group than the control group on the fifth day. The novel materials would be effectively solve the formation of thrombosis around artificial blood vessel grafts and the treatment of inflammation.
In Situ Photoactivated Antibacterial and Antioxidant Composite Materials to Promote Bone Repair
Authors: Ma Yingao , Zhang Yanxia , Osman Henigul , Zhang Dong , Zhou Tianyou , Zhang Yunhai , Wang Yingbo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTrauma and tumor removal usually cause bone defects; in addition, the related postoperative infection also shall be carefully considered clinically. In this study, polylactic acid (PLLA) composite fibers containing Cerium oxide (CeO2) are first prepared by electrospinning technology. Then, the PLLA/CeO2@PDA/Ag composite materials are successfully prepared by reducing silver ion (Ag+) to nano‐silver (AgNPs) coating in situ and binding AgNPs to the materials surface by mussel structure liked polydopamine (PDA). In the materials, Ag+ can be slowly released in simulated body fluids. Based on the photothermal performance of AgNPs, the photothermal conversion efficiency of the materials is 21%, under NIR 808 nm illumination. The effective photothermal conversion can help materials fighting with E. coli and S. aureus in 3 h, with an antibacterial rate of 100%. Additionally, the sustained Ag+ release contributes to the antibacterial in long term. Meanwhile, the materials can mimic the bio‐behavior of superoxide dismutase and catalase in decreasing the singlet oxygen level and removing the excess reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, the materials are beneficial for cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. In this study, a promising bone‐regenerated material with high photothermal conversion efficiency and antibacterial and anti‐oxidation properties, is successfully constructed.
Non‐state shareholder governance and technological innovations of state‐owned enterprises: The moderating effect of executive compensation incentives
Authors: Liu Zhenqing , Li Linjie , Zhang Zhibin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the impact mechanism of non‐state shareholder governance on technological innovation in state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) from the perspective of executive compensation incentives, using listed manufacturing companies of SOEs from 2014 to 2020 as research samples. The research findings indicate that the mere ownership of shares by non‐state shareholders has no significant impact on technological innovation. However, the delegation of executives by non‐state shareholders contributes to enhancing technological innovation in SOEs. So Improving technological innovation in SOEs is a crucial objective in the ongoing deepening and enhancing actions of the new round of state‐owned enterprise reforms.
Curvilinear catheter implantation in HDR prostate brachytherapy: feasibility study
Authors: Padasdao Blayton , Imanaka Rex , Podder Tarun K. , Konh Bardia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐dose‐rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT) has been acknowledged as a widely utilized treatment for patients with intermediate‐ and high‐risk prostate cancer, despite its side effects such as edema, incontinence, and impotence. Nevertheless, the treatment is consistently limited by the potential danger of excessive irradiation to organs‐at‐risk (OARs) like the urethra, bladder, and rectum.PurposeThis study aims to introduce curvilinear catheter implantation in the prostate gland for HDR treatment. The objective is to improve the radiation dose distribution by offering access channels conformal to the prostate anatomy. This approach seeks to minimize toxicity to nearby OARs while utilizing a reduced number of needles, potentially leading to improved clinical outcomes.MethodsCurvilinear catheters were first pre‐planned for an anonymized patient using Oncentra treatment planning system (TPS) and hybrid inverse planning optimization (HIPO) algorithm. The trajectories of the catheters were then analyzed using MATLAB to extract their radius of curvature. Tendon‐driven active needles were then used to implant curvilinear catheters inside an anthropomorphic phantom.ResultsProposed curvilinear catheter implantation resulted in significant improvement in terms of dosimetric constraints to the OARs and coverage to the prostate. Tendon‐driven active needles were shown to be capable of realizing the required pre‐planned curvatures inside prostate. It was shown that the active needle can realize a desired radius of curvature and a desired trajectory with an average accuracy of 9.1 ± 8.6 and 1.27 ± 0.50 mm in air and inside a tissue‐mimicking phantom, respectively.ConclusionThis work demonstrates the feasibility of using tendon‐driven active curvilinear catheter implantation in prostate to improve the outcomes of HDR‐BT via improved radiation dose distribution to the prostate and reduced toxicity to the OARs.
Smallmouth Bass and Walleye predation on stocked age-0 Walleye in Lake Oahe, South Dakota
Authors: Olivencia Kyle , Grausgruber Emily E. , Fincel Mark J. , Weber Michael J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Walleye Sander vitreus are important sport fish that are commonly stocked to supplement populations. Increases in Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu abundance have prompted concerns regarding potential predation by these and other piscivores on stocked Walleye. Our objectives were to assess the timing and duration of predation on stocked Walleye, the frequency of occurrence and percent composition of Walleye in predator diets, and the percentage of stocked Walleye consumed.

Methods
We collected Smallmouth Bass, adult Walleye, Largemouth Bass M. nigricans, and Northern Pike Esox lucius diets in May (prestocking) and June–September (poststocking) 2019 and 2021 from three bays in Lake Oahe, South Dakota. We stocked two bays with Walleye (30–32 mm; 255–1649 Walleye/ha), whereas one bay was unstocked and served as a reference. We estimated Smallmouth Bass population abundance using Schnabel capture–recapture models, and we used bioenergetics to estimate the percentage of stocked age-0 Walleye consumed.

Result
We found age-0 Walleye in up to 11.4% of Smallmouth Bass diets and 14.6% of adult Walleye diets during the poststocking period. A single Largemouth Bass consumed one Walleye at 3 days poststocking (DPS), whereas we did not identify Walleye in Northern Pike diets. Daily mean percent composition by weight (±95% confidence interval) of age-0 Walleye in diets peaked at 43.2 ± 35.1% at 3 DPS for Smallmouth Bass and 49.8 ± 97.7% at 14 DPS for adult Walleye. Following the peaks, age-0 Walleye percent composition by weight rapidly declined and was generally 0% after 25 DPS. Smallmouth Bass abundance was 0.4–5.6 fish/ha, whereas recaptures of other predator species were insufficient for reliable population estimates. We estimated that Smallmouth Bass consumed 29,930 age-0 Walleye in 2019 and 12,535 age-0 Walleye in 2021 (up to 14.7 ± 4.7% of stocked fish), potentially representing an important source of stocking mortality.

Conclusion
Our research provides insights into the effects of poststocking predation on age-0 Walleye by Smallmouth Bass and, to a lesser extent, Walleye, Largemouth Bass, and Northern Pike. Managers should consider predation on stocked fingerling Walleye from resident predators and should contemplate alternative stocking locations or timing to reduce potential predation.
Genetic predictors of population resilience: A case study of native Brook Trout in headwater streams
Authors: Schwinghamer Christopher W. , Hartman Kyle J. , Welsh Amy B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Populations of eastern Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis face threats from several sources, such as habitat fragmentation, climate change, and competition with introduced salmonids. As a native species, understanding how these populations will respond to disturbances is paramount to their management and effective conservation. A population's ability to respond to disturbance, its resilience, is influenced by several factors. One such group of factors is population genetics.

Methods
We calculated population resilience metrics based on transient dynamics using population projection matrix models. Long-term demographic data from 23 headwater stream Brook Trout populations were used to parameterize models. Genetic data were collected, and genetic indices were calculated. Partial redundancy analysis was then used to evaluate relationships between resilience metrics and genetic indices.

Result
Inbreeding coefficient, rarefied allelic richness, pairwise genetic differentiation (FST), and effective population size were all found to be important variables in predicting resilience.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that genetic isolation may increase the demographic resilience in Brook Trout through faster generation times and higher juvenile survival, but this likely comes at the cost of increased extinction risk and truncated size structures. Genetic indices can provide insight into gene flow between populations, thus the relationship between population connectivity and resilience. Given the importance of connectivity to population resilience, restoring and maintaining movement corridors could affect resilience in headwater Brook Trout populations.
Role of vacancy defects and nanopumping on drug transport efficiency in boron nitride nanotubes
Authors: Jami Hesamodin , Sabetvand Roozbeh , Singh Gurvinder 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBoron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are promising nanomaterials for drug delivery due to their remarkable mechanical and electrical properties. BNNTs use nanopumping technique to transport drug molecules to target sites when subjected to an external force, such as an electric field or mechanical forces. Despite numerous efforts to investigate BNNTs/biomolecules interactions, the impact of atomic‐scale intrinsic characteristics of BNNT on drug delivery efficiency and delivery time is not well understood. To investigate this, we use molecular dynamics simulations (MD) to develop two simulation models: one with defective BNNT and another with a non‐defective (pristine) BNNT. Here, the fullerene molecule (C20) is introduced into BNNT and transported towards target cells. Our results show that vacancy defects can significantly impact the effectiveness of the nanopumping process. In pristine BNNTs, drug molecules move primarily by translation motion. However, the presence of vacancy defects and their concentration in BNNTs can affect the translation motion of drug molecules. We show that the judicious selection of oscillation frequency and amplitude of Cu tips is important to achieve efficient drug transport. This work provides new insights into the role of structural defects and oscillation on the drug transport efficiency of C20 molecules in BNNT using the nanopumping mechanism.
Registration of the “Woodies” multi–rust‐resistant barley germplasm
Authors: Massman C. , Hernandez J. , Clare S. J. , Brooke M. , Filichkin T. , Fisk S. , Helgerson L. , Matny O. N. , del Blanco I. A. , Rouse M. N. , Steffenson B. J. , Brueggeman B. , Hayes P. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSelection for resistance to plant diseases is a continuous effort on the part of plant breeders. Sources of genetic resistance are often limited, despite considerable discovery efforts. Stem rust and stripe rust are two diseases of particular importance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production. The present work aims to develop and deploy genotypes with resistance to these diseases that can be used in future breeding efforts. The Woodies, Woody‐1 (DH160733; Reg. no. GP‐218, PI 704479) and Woody‐2 (DH160754; Reg. no. GP‐219, PI 704480), are two doubled‐haploid genotypes produced via F1 anther culture named in honor of the late Lynn “Woody” Gallagher. These two‐row spring habit barley germplasm accessions were released by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station in 2023. These genotypes have demonstrated resistance to both stem and stripe rust at the seedling and adult plant stage in trials conducted between 2018 and 2023. The genetic basis of this resistance appears to be a novel quantitative trait locus conferring resistance to both diseases on chromosome 5H that is different from the known rpg4/Rpg5 complex for stem rust resistance found on the same chromosome. Seed can be requested from the Oregon State University Barley Breeding Program or from the NLGRP Germplasm repository.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of diagnostic test accuracy of chest ultrasound in diagnosing pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Muljadi Rusli , Koesbandono  , Octavius Gilbert S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionDespite medical advancement, pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) still has high morbidity and mortality, due to challenging detection in clinical practice. Ultrasound has been touted as the next best diagnostic tool but currently, this claim is unfounded. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review the diagnostic parameters of chest ultrasound in diagnosing pediatric PTB.MethodsThe literature search started and ended on December 23, 2023. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Our research question could be formulated as “In pediatric patients who present with signs and symptoms of PTB such as fever, cough, and poor weight gain, how accurate is chest ultrasound in ruling in and ruling out pediatric PTB when the diagnosis is compared to culture, PCR or CXR?” This systematic review adhered to the PRISMA‐DTA guidelines while the meta‐analysis was conducted with STATA program using the “midas” and “metandi” commands.ResultsThere are five studies included with 137 positive PTB children. The combined sensitivity is 84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 76–89), specificity of 38% (95% CI: 24–54), and summary receiver operating curve yields an area under the curve of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80–0.86). The I2 value is 24% (95% CI: 0–100) with a p‐value of 0.13. The combined negative predictive value is 0.68 (95% CI: 0.58–0.79), and the positive predictive value is 0.57 (95% CI: 0.51–0.63). The positive likelihood ratio is 1 with a 6% increase from the baseline while the negative likelihood ratio is 0.43 with a 12% decrease from the baseline.ConclusionChest ultrasound is sensitive but currently could neither exclude nor confirm pediatric PTB.
Controversial issues in crisis management. Bridging public policy and crisis management to better understand and address crises
Authors: Capano Giliberto , Toth Federico 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current body of multidisciplinary literature on crisis management still has some unresolved problems. This paper focuses on the following four “controversial issues” in dealing with crises: the usefulness of emergency plans; early signal detection; decision‐making amid high uncertainty; and the centralization/decentralization dilemma. The paper first presents the various, contradictory dimensions of these controversial issues, drawing on different strands of organization research, public policy theory, and crisis management studies. Next, these controversial issues are analyzed through the lens of public policy research, drawing specifically on the literature on policy robustness and policy capacities. This theoretical application shows how controversial issues can be framed differently and thus overcome—at least from an analytical and theoretical perspective—confirming that a bridge between crisis management and public policy can be very fruitful in improving our understanding of how crises can be addressed.