bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parler au nom de publics
Authors: Roussel Violaine 
Published: July 2009

Résumé Résumé : Analysant l'engagement contre la guerre en Irak d'artistes américains qui sont également des célébrités, cet article explore les prétentions au porte-parolat qui se manifestent à cette occasion, concurrençant, de fait ou explicitement, la légitimité pour représenter que les hommes politiques tiennent de l'élection. On examine d'abord la manière dont ces artistes se constituent en « célébrités citoyennes », combinant l'(auto-) attribution d'un nouveau rôle de représentation populaire et la séparation entre cette fonction publique et leur activité professionnelle ordinaire, dans leur monde de l'art. Ils se posent comme « figures publiques » qui comptent en politique, en relation avec l'accès à/et l'action sur des « audiences » plus ou moins vastes. La manière dont des publics artistiques se trouvent ainsi convertis symboliquement en publics politiques est ensuite passée au crible : se donnant une mission d'éducation politique et de formation civique, ces artistes participent à dessiner et à promouvoir publiquement un nouveau modèle du « bon citoyen ».
Marie Laborie, un cas de socialisation chirurgicale ratée
Authors: Zolesio Emmanuelle 
Published: July 2009

Résumé Résumé : Cet article décrit la trajectoire de Marie Laborie, jeune femme ayant abandonné la chirurgie pour se reconvertir en médecine générale. Le portrait ainsi reconstruit s'appuie sur des entretiens avec l'enquêtée, avec des chirurgiens l'ayant formée ainsi que sur son dossier scolaire. Il s'agit de comprendre les tensions qui ont existé entre certaines dimensions de sa socialisation primaire (familiale) et de sa socialisation secondaire (professionnelle). En pointant les « ratés » de la socialisation chirurgicale de Marie (notamment en comparant sa trajectoire aux autres candidat-e-s à la chirurgie ayant poursuivi leur cursus) on comprend mieux, en creux, les dispositions requises par le milieu professionnel. Marie avait certes intériorisé certaines valeurs chirurgicales (endurance physique, franc-parler) et acquis des compétences (notamment techniques) mais il lui manquait de toute évidence des dispositions socialement construites comme masculines et essentielles pour réussir dans le métier : assurance, endurance morale, répartie. Le milieu professionnel, soucieux de sa reproduction et percevant ses lacunes dispositionnelles, participe finalement de son éviction.
Le développement de la recherche chez les cliniciens : d'abord questionner la pratique clinique
Authors: Pauzé Robert , Touchette Luc 
Published: July 2009

Cet article vise à répondre à trois questions. Quels facteurs ont pu contribuer à créer un fossé entre la recherche et la clinique dans le mouvement de la thérapie familiale ? Quels sont les arguments en faveur du développement de la recherche chez les thérapeutes familiaux ? Peut-on faire de la recherche lorsque notre travail se limite à faire de la clinique ? Cet article vise ultimement à susciter l’intérêt des thérapeutes familiaux pour la recherche clinique et à proposer l’étude de cas comme méthodologie de recherche accessible à tous.
Recherches quantitatives et qualitatives sur les thérapies systémiques brèves menées dans le cadre d'une consultation ambulatoire pour couples et familles
Authors: Boillat Camille , Carneiro Claudio , Vaudan Christel , Despland Jean-Nicolas , de Roten Yves 
Published: July 2009

Cet article présente à la fois une méthode d’intervention systémique brève (ISB) formalisée en 6 séances et développée dans le cadre d’une unité ambulatoire pour couples et familles, et deux recherches exploratoires menées en collaboration avec l’Institut Universitaire de Psychothérapie de Lausanne. Le premier projet de recherche est quantitatif et vise à évaluer l’efficacité de l’ISB à court et moyen terme. L’originalité de l’étude est d’évaluer l’impact de l’ISB à plusieurs niveaux de fonctionnement des individus et de la famille : 1) au niveau des symptômes et du fonctionnement individuels ; 2) au niveau de la qualité de la relation conjugale ; 3) au niveau des relations parentale et coparentale et 4) au niveau des relations familiales. Le second projet est une étude de cas qualitative, dont la méthodologie est largement inspirée de la théorie de Daniel Stern sur les moments de rencontre en psychothérapie, qui a identifié et analysé quelques moments significatifs du processus thérapeutique du point de vue des patients. Les résultats confirment l’importance de la contribution des théories des patients à la compréhension des processus de changement en thérapie de couple et de famille. L’utilité d’associer clinique et recherche dans le développement et la validation d’un nouveau modèle clinique est également discutée.
Liens, ruptures et parcours possibles de réconciliation entre recherche et clinique avec la famille selon une approche systémique
Authors: D’Amore Salvatore , Haxhe Stéphanie 
Published: July 2009

Liens, ruptures et parcours possibles de réconciliation entre recherche et clinique avec la famille selon une approche systémique. – La recherche clinique avec la famille a connu, dans le temps, d’importantes transformations d’ordre épistémologique, théorique, méthodologique et technique. En reconstruisant les principales étapes de cette évolution, on tentera de mettre en évidence les questions et les problèmes qui caractérisent le débat actuel (recherches détachées du modèle théorique, confusions de type logique entre construits et niveaux d’analyse, risques de sur-interprétation à partir de variables individuelles) ainsi que les solutions proposées par les modèles qui essayent de revenir à une vision holistique de la famille comme « objet-sujet » de recherche. On proposera enfin des perspectives de recherche susceptibles de conjuguer une optique complexe et des modèles empiriquement validés, des méthodes observationnelles et des méthodes auto-observationelles.
Unanswered questions: A preliminary investigation of personality and individual difference predictors of 9/11 conspiracist beliefs
Authors: Swami Viren , Chamorro‐Premuzic Tomas , Furnham Adrian 
Published: July 2009

AbstractGiven the widespread appeal of conspiratorial beliefs, it is surprising that very little empirical research has examined the psychological variables associated with such beliefs. In the present study, we examined individual and demographic predictors of beliefs in conspiracy theories concerning the September 11, 2001 (9/11) attacks on the World Trade Centre and Pentagon among a representative British sample of 254 women and men. Results of structural equation modelling showed that 9/11 conspiracist beliefs were positively associated with belief in other conspiracy theories, exposure to 9/11 conspiracist ideas, political cynicism, defiance of authority and the Big Five personality factor of Agreeableness. In total, a model including demographics, personality and individual difference variables explained over 50% of the variance in 9/11 conspiracist ideas. The implications of these findings for the literature on conspiracy theories are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanomaterials for Neural Interfaces
Authors: Kotov Nicholas A. , Winter Jessica O. , Clements Isaac P. , Jan Edward , Timko Brian P. , Campidelli Stéphane , Pathak Smita , Mazzatenta Andrea , Lieber Charles M. , Prato Maurizio , Bellamkonda Ravi V. , Silva Gabriel A. , Kam Nadine Wong Shi , Patolsky Fernando , Ballerini Laura 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis review focuses on the application of nanomaterials for neural interfacing. The junction between nanotechnology and neural tissues can be particularly worthy of scientific attention for several reasons: (i) Neural cells are electroactive, and the electronic properties of nanostructures can be tailored to match the charge transport requirements of electrical cellular interfacing. (ii) The unique mechanical and chemical properties of nanomaterials are critical for integration with neural tissue as long‐term implants. (iii) Solutions to many critical problems in neural biology/medicine are limited by the availability of specialized materials. (iv) Neuronal stimulation is needed for a variety of common and severe health problems. This confluence of need, accumulated expertise, and potential impact on the well‐being of people suggests the potential of nanomaterials to revolutionize the field of neural interfacing. In this review, we begin with foundational topics, such as the current status of neural electrode (NE) technology, the key challenges facing the practical utilization of NEs, and the potential advantages of nanostructures as components of chronic implants. After that the detailed account of toxicology and biocompatibility of nanomaterials in respect to neural tissues is given. Next, we cover a variety of specific applications of nanoengineered devices, including drug delivery, imaging, topographic patterning, electrode design, nanoscale transistors for high‐resolution neural interfacing, and photoactivated interfaces. We also critically evaluate the specific properties of particular nanomaterials—including nanoparticles, nanowires, and carbon nanotubes—that can be taken advantage of in neuroprosthetic devices. The most promising future areas of research and practical device engineering are discussed as a conclusion to the review.
Progress in the Field of Electrospinning for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Agarwal Seema , Wendorff Joachim H. , Greiner Andreas 
Published: July 2009

AbstractElectrospinning is an extremely promising method for the preparation of tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds. This technique provides nonwovens resembling in their fibrillar structures those of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and offering large surface areas, ease of functionalization for various purposes, and controllable mechanical properties. The recent developments toward large‐scale productions combined with the simplicity of the process render this technique very attractive. Progress concerning the use of electrospinning for TE applications has advanced impressively. Different groups have tackled the problem of electrospinning for TE applications from different angles. Nowadays, electrospinning of the majority of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, either synthetic or natural, for TE applications is straightforward. Different issues, such as cell penetration, incorporation of growth and differentiating factors, toxicity of solvents used, productivity, functional gradient, etc. are main points of current considerations. The progress in the use of electrospinning for TE applications is highlighted in this article with focus on major problems encountered and on various solutions available until now.
Association and gene–gene interaction of SLC6A4 and ITGB3 in autism
Authors: Ma D.Q. , Rabionet R. , Konidari I. , Jaworski J. , Cukier H.N. , Wright H.H. , Abramson R.K. , Gilbert J.R. , Cuccaro M.L. , Pericak‐Vance M.A. , Martin E.R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAutism is a heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with substantial genetic heterogeneity. Studies point to possible links between autism and two serotonin related genes: SLC6A4 and ITGB3 with a sex‐specific genetic effect and interaction between the genes. Despite positive findings, inconsistent results have complicated interpretation. This study seeks to validate and clarify previous findings in an independent dataset taking into account sex, family‐history (FH) and gene–gene effects. Family‐based association analysis was performed within each gene. Gene–gene interactions were tested using extended multifactor dimensionality reduction (EMDR) and MDR‐phenomics (MDR‐P) using sex of affecteds and FH as covariates. No significant associations with individual SNPs were found in the datasets stratified by sex, but associations did emerge when we stratified by family history. While not significant in the overall dataset, nominally significant association was identified at RS2066713 (P = 0.006) within SLC6A4 in family‐history negative (FH−) families, at RS2066713 (P = 0.038) in family‐history positive (FH+) families but with the opposite risk allele as in the FH− families. For ITGB3, nominally significant association was identified at RS3809865 overall (P = 0.040) and within FH+ families (P = 0.031). However, none of the associations survived the multiple testing correction. MDR‐P confirmed gene–gene effects using sex of affecteds (P = 0.023) and family history (P = 0.014, survived the multiple testing corrections) as covariates. Our results indicate the extensive heterogeneity within these two genes among families. The potential interaction between SLC6A4 and ITGB3 may be clarified using family history as an indicator of genetic architecture, illustrating the importance of covariates as markers of heterogeneity in genetic analyses. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preliminary evidence of ubiquitin proteasome system dysregulation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Convergent pathway analysis findings from two independent samples
Authors: Bousman Chad A. , Chana Gursharan , Glatt Stephen J. , Chandler Sharon D. , Lucero Ginger R. , Tatro Erick , May Todd , Lohr James B. , Kremen William S. , Tsuang Ming T. , Everall Ian P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are polygenic disorders with many genes contributing to their etiologies. The aim of this investigation was to search for dysregulated molecular and cellular pathways for these disorders as well as psychosis. We conducted a blood‐based microarray investigation in two independent samples with SCZ and BPD from San Diego (SCZ = 13, BPD = 9, control = 8) and Taiwan (SCZ = 11, BPD = 14, control = 16). Diagnostic groups were compared to controls, and subjects with a history of psychosis [PSYCH(+): San Diego (n = 6), Taiwan (n = 14)] were compared to subjects without such history [PSYCH(−): San Diego (n = 11), Taiwan (n = 14)]. Analyses of covariance comparing mean expression levels on a gene‐by‐gene basis were conducted to generate the top 100 significantly dysregulated gene lists for both samples by each diagnostic group. Gene lists were imported into Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Results showed the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPS) was listed in the top ten canonical pathways for BPD and psychosis diagnostic groups across both samples with a considerably low likelihood of a chance occurrence (P = 0.001). No overlap in dysregulated genes populating these pathways was observed between the two independent samples. Findings provide preliminary evidence of UPS dysregulation in BPD and psychosis as well as support further investigation of the UPS and other molecular and cellular pathways for potential biomarkers for SCZ, BPD, and/or psychosis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of an epistastic effect between a set of TAAR6 and HSP‐70 genes variations and major mood disorders
Authors: Pae Chi‐Un , Drago Antonio , Forlani Martina , Patkar Ashwin A. , Serretti Alessandro 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEpistasis, the interaction between genes, is a topic of current interest in molecular and quantitative genetics. We have further studied a previously investigated sample of 187 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, 171 bipolar disorder (BD) patients, and 288 controls, and tried to analyze the interaction between a set of variations of independent genes: the trace amine receptor 6 (rs4305745, rs8192625, rs7452939, rs6903874, and rs6937506) and the heat shock protein 70 (rs562047, rs1061581, rs2227956). The multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method was applied and the covariates associated with diagnosis were also controlled. A significant predictive value of specific interactions between genotypes located in the investigated genes was found. We then report preliminary evidence that the epistasis between trace amine receptor 6 and heat shock protein 70 variations may compose a risk profile for major mood disorders. The level of statistical significance (P < 0.001) and the testing balancing accuracy over 0.62 suggest a cautious optimism toward this result, although the possibility of false positivity warrants further analyses in independent samples. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Self‐suckling in Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) mothers before and after the death of their infant
Authors: Majolo Bonaventura , McFarland Richard 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe report here self‐suckling in four wild female Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus), living in two troops (i.e. “Flat face” and “Large” troop) in the middle‐Atlas Mountains, Morocco. The four females lost their infants due to predation or for unknown causes. Self‐suckling was observed before and after the infants died in the four females living in the “Flat face” troop. When the infants were still alive, self‐suckling was of short duration and it was probably a method to improve milk flow when the infant switched from one nipple to the other. After the infants died, self‐suckling lasted significantly longer and the females were apparently drinking their own milk. Self‐suckling was never observed among the four lactating females in the “Large” troop (including one monkey who lost her infant) and it could thus represent a cultural difference. Moreover, self‐suckling after the death of an infant may be explained by the energetic and immunological benefits that a monkey may gain from drinking their own milk. Finally, self‐suckling may have a stress‐releasing effect on the mothers who have lost their infants. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Restricted geographic distribution for Y‐Q* paragroup in South America
Authors: Bailliet Graciela , Ramallo Virginia , Muzzio Marina , García Angelina , Santos María R. , Alfaro Emma L. , Dipierri José E. , Salceda Susana , Carnese Francisco R. , Bravi Claudio M. , Bianchi Néstor O. , Demarchi Darío A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe analyzed 21 paragroup Q* Y chromosomes from South American aboriginal and urban populations. Our aims were to evaluate the phylogenetic status, geographic distribution, and genetic diversity in these groups of chromosomes and compare the degree of genetic variation in relation to Q1a3a haplotypes. All Q* chromosomes from our series and five samples from North American Q* presented the derivate state for M346, that is present upstream to M3, and determined Q1a3* paragroup. We found a restrictive geographic distribution and low frequency of Q1a3* in South America. We assumed that this low frequency could be reflecting extreme drift effects. However, several estimates of gene diversity do not support the existence of a severe bottleneck. The mean haplotype diversity expected was similar to that for South American Q1a3* and Q1a3a (0.478 and 0.501, respectively). The analysis of previous reports from other research groups and this study shows the highest frequencies of Q* for the West Corner and the Grand Chaco regions of South America. At present, there is no information on whether the phylogenetic status of Q* paragoup described in previous reports is similar to that of Q1a3* paragroup though our results support this possibility. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of novel quaternary chitosan derivative nanoparticles loaded with protein
Authors: Wan Ajun , Sun Yan , Li Huili 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe objective of this work was to characterize a novel quaternary chitosan derivative [O‐(2‐hydroxyl) propyl‐3‐trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride (O‐HTCC)] nanoparticle system. O‐HTCC nanoparticles were prepared with a simple and mild ionic gelation method upon the addition of a sodium tripolyphosphate solution to a low‐molecular‐weight O‐HTCC solution. Highly cationic chitosan nanoparticles were prepared. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein drug, was incorporated into the nanoparticles. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were determined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The results showed that increasing the BSA concentration from 1.5 to 2.5 mg/mL promoted the BSA encapsulation efficiency from 57.3% to 87.5% and the loading capacity from 70.2% to 99.5%. Compared with the chitosan nanoparticles, the O‐HTCC nanoparticles had lower burst release. TEM revealed that the BSA‐loaded O‐HTCC nanoparticles were smaller than the O‐HTCC nanoparticles when the BSA concentration was 1.5 mg/mL; SEM showed that the size of the BSA‐loaded O‐HTCC nanoparticles was mostly affected by the BSA concentration, and the increase in size occurred with the concentration increasing. Thermograms and XRD of the BSA‐loaded nanoparticles suggested that polyelectrolyte–protein interactions increased with the BSA concentration increasing and greater chain realignment in the BSA‐loaded nanoparticles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Interactive acquisition and sharing: Understanding the dynamics of HIV/AIDS information networks
Authors: Veinot Tiffany C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHIV/AIDS information is an important resource for people affected by the disease, particularly information that they obtain from other people. Although existing studies revealthatpeople with HIV/AIDS (PHAs) rely extensively on personal relationships for HIV/AIDS information, they explain little abouthowthis happens as a social process. To investigate how PHAs and their friends/family members acquire and share network‐mediated HIV/AIDS information, semistructured, in‐depth interviews were conducted in three rural regions of Canada. Interviews were carried out with 114 PHAs, their friends/family members, and health care and service providers. A network solicitation and chain‐referral recruitment procedure was used to delineate HIV/AIDS information networks for participants. Interview data were analyzed qualitatively and compared to Haythornthwaite's (1996) concepts of network‐mediated information processes and Talja and Hansen's (2006) collaborative information behavior framework. Findings revealed that participants obtained HIV/AIDS information from their networks through five interactive processes: joint seeking, tag‐team seeking, exposure, opportunity, and legitimation. The results of this study advance information behavior theory by pointing to the interactive character of information behavior and introducing new concepts to describe everyday life collaborative information behavior. This research also demonstrates the extensive interplay between health information exchange and the sharing of emotional support. The insights emanating from this study suggest that health information practice might benefit from a focus on program strategies such as building information network capacity, developing collaborative information retrieval systems and relationship‐building, in addition to the more traditional library‐related concerns of reference encounters, collections, and institutional Web sites.
Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Spheres with Magnetic Cores and Their Performance as Separable Bilirubin Adsorbents
Authors: Guo Limin , Cui Xiangzhi , Li Yongsheng , He Qianjun , Zhang Lingxia , Bu Wenbo , Shi Jianlin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHollow mesoporous carbon spheres with magnetic cores are directly replicated from hollow mesoporous aluminosilicate spheres with hematite cores by a simple incipient‐wetness impregnation technique. The amount of magnetic cores and the saturation magnetization value can be easily tuned by changing the concentration of iron nitrate solution used in the synthesis procedure. As‐prepared hollow mesoporous carbon spheres with magnetic cores are used as separable bilirubin adsorbents and show very good adsorptive properties. The characteristics of as‐prepared composites are examined by XRD, N2 sorption, TEM, vibrating‐sample magnetometry, and UV/Vis spectroscopy.