bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast, accurate, and convenient analysis of bed densities for columns packed with fine reversed‐phase particles
Authors: Jung Stephanie , Stoeckel Daniela , Tallarek Ulrich 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe determine the interparticle porosities of commercially available, analytical, reversed‐phase HPLC columns by Donnan exclusion of a small, unretained, co‐ionic tracer (nitrate ions). The columns contained packings of C18‐modified, endcapped, silica particles, which differed in their nominal particle diameters (1.8–5 μm) and construction (fully porous or core‐shell). Experiments were carried out by monitoring the elution volumes of nitrate samples in a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water 80:20 v/v at increasing concentrations of Tris‐HCl buffer (pH 8.1) from 0.01 to 60 mM. At low buffer concentrations, nitrate ions are completely electrostatically excluded from the intraparticle mesopore space, which is reflected by a plateau region in the elution curves. The elution volume in the plateau region equals the interparticle void volume. Clearly defined plateau regions were observed for all columns, even those densely packed with core‐shell and sub‐2 μm particles, enabling the accurate determination of interparticle porosities to three decimal places in a fast and convenient way.
Tribological properties of powder metallurgical tool steels used in powder compaction pressing dies
Authors: Hatami Sepehr , Armada Sergio , Laurent Annabelle , Nyborg Lars , Olsson Mikael 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe tribological properties of two powder metallurgical (PM) tool steels, high and low nitrogen containing, are investigated by means of three different wear tests: ball‐on‐disc, rubber wheel and scratch test. The ball‐on‐disc tests showed two distinct friction curves corresponding to each material. In order to simulate the tribosystem existing in metal powder compaction dies, the rubber wheel and the scratch test were modified. The rubber wheel test was performed using ferrous powder instead of sand, and scratch testing was carried out by sliding a powder compact over the tool steels. The scratch tests indicated a higher steady‐state coefficient of friction for the low nitrogen containing PM steel as compared with the high nitrogen containing alloy. Additionally, the results from the rubber wheel tests were in agreement with industrial experiences, showing the low nitrogen containing tool steel to suffer from severe galling. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression and association of TRPC1 with TRPC3 during skeletal myogenesis
Authors: Cheung Kwok‐Kuen , Yeung Simon S. , Au Shannon W. , Lam Levina S. , Dai Zhong‐Quan , Li Ying‐Hui , Yeung Ella W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroduction: TRPC1 and TRPC3 proteins are widely expressed in skeletal muscles in forming calcium‐permeable channels. Herein we characterize the expression pattern of TRPC transcripts during skeletal myogenesis in C2C12 myoblasts. Methods: We used polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting to detect expression levels, immunohistochemistry for subcellular localization, and co‐immunoprecipitation techniques to assess interaction. Results: TRPC1 localizes to the cytoplasm and is enriched in the perinuclear region in undifferentiated myoblasts. Expression of TRPC1 increases significantly during myogenesis and resides mainly in differentiated myocytes and myotubes. TRPC3 is absent in undifferentiated myoblasts, is dramatically upregulated in differentiated culture, and is preferentially expressed in myotubes. Physical interaction of TRPC1–TRPC3 was observed, suggesting the possible existence of heteromers. Conclusions: Expression of TRPC1 and TRPC3 is tightly regulated during myogensis. Evidence of TRPC1–TRPC3 interaction was first demonstrated in a muscle cell line. The functional consequences of this interaction remain to be established. Muscle Nerve 44: 358–365, 2011
Brachial plexopathy as a rare presenting manifestation of scorpion envenomation
Authors: Rubin Devon I. , Vavra Michael 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe report a patient who experienced a rare manifestation of an acute, severe brachial plexopathy as the initial complication of scorpion (presumed Hemiscorpius lepturus species) envenomation. Features suggesting conduction block, due to either proximal demyelination or ion channel dysfunction, along with axonal loss were seen on serial electrophysiological studies. Possible mechanisms of the brachial plexopathy include direct compression from tissue edema or a toxic effect on the membrane channels along the nerve. Muscle Nerve 44: 131–135, 2011
An indirect approach for automatic generation of quadrilateral meshes with arbitrary line constraints
Authors: Liu Yan , Xing H. L. , Guan Zhenqun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA new approach to the automatic generation of a quadrilateral mesh with arbitrary line constraints is proposed in this paper. It is an indirect all‐quad mesh generation and presented in the following steps: (1) discretizing the constrained lines within the domain; (2) converting the above domain to a triangular mesh together with the line constraints; (3) transforming the generated triangular mesh with line constraints to an all‐quad mesh through performing an advancing front algorithm from the line constraints, which enables the construction of quadrilaterals layer by layer, and roughly keeps the feature of the initial triangular mesh; (4) optimizing the topology of the quadrilateral mesh to reduce the number of irregular nodes; (5) smoothing the generated mesh toward high‐quality all‐quad mesh generation. Finally, a few application examples are given to demonstrate the reliability and usefulness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perspectives on quality and content of information on the internet for adolescents with cancer
Authors: Stinson Jennifer N. , White Meghan , Breakey Vicky , Chong Amy Lee , Mak Isabella , Low Kazuo Koekebakker , Low Anja Koekebakker 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the quality and content of Internet information about cancer from the perspectives of adolescents with cancer (AWC), their parents and healthcare professionals (HCP).MethodsKey words relevant to pediatric cancer were searched across 6 search engines. Quality of information was appraised using the DISCERN tool. Website content completeness, accuracy, readability, cultural sensitivity, and desirability were assessed.ResultsOnly 29 websites had DISCERN scores above 50 (indicating fair quality; mean 55.76 ± 8.23, range 42.50–70.5). The majority of sites targeted parents and only four (14%) were specific to AWC. Overall completeness of the sites was rated 11.46 out of 20 (±3.60; range 4–17.5) and accuracy was rated 4/4, indicating high accuracy with moderate completeness. The average SMOG score was 11.87 (±2.51, range 7.7–18.67) and the Flesch Reading Ease score was 57.44 (±16.94, range 9.1–92.4) indicating that the material was too difficult to read. The average cultural sensitivity scores for the Format, Written message and Visual material scales were 3.08/4 (±0.53, range 2–4), 3.48/4 (±0.41, range 2.6–4) and 2.84/4 (±1.03, range 0–4) indicating the websites were adequately culturally sensitive. On Average, websites had 4/21 features from the desirability checklist, indicating the sites had low desirability.ConclusionGiven the paucity of high quality Internet health information at an appropriate reading level for AWC there is a critical need for HCP's to develop Internet programs to meet their unique needs. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;57:97–104. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disparities in cancer outcomes: Lessons learned from children with cancer
Authors: Bhatia Smita 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDisparities in cancer burden by race/ethnicity have been reported, primarily in adults with cancer. However, there appear to be gaps in the pediatric oncology literature with regards to a comprehensive overview on this topic. Extant literature is used to highlight the results of studies focusing on racial and ethnic disparities in outcome observed in selected childhood cancers. A comprehensive approach is utilized to understand possible underlying causes of disparities in cancer outcomes, and to highlight the gaps that currently exist. This review helps define areas of future research that could help develop targeted, disease‐specific approaches to eliminate the disparities. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:994–1002. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Utilization of anti‐Parkinson drugs in Australia: 1995–2009
Authors: Hollingworth Samantha A , Rush Amanda , Hall Wayne D , Eadie Mervyn J 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeTo examine trends in the prescribing of anti‐Parkinsonian drugs (APD) in Australia from 1995 to 2009.MethodsWe analyzed the Medicare Australia and Drug Utilisation Sub‐Committee (DUSC) databases for prescription data for overall APD dispensed use from 1995. We were able to examine prescribing by gender, age, and type of prescriber between 2002 and 2009. Prescriptions were converted to defined daily doses (DDD)/1000 population/day using Australian Bureau of Statistics population data.ResultsDispensed use of levodopa + carbidopa remained steady from 1995 to 2009 (0.76–0.82 DDD/1000 population/day); levodopa + benserazide use increased from 0.34 to 0.55 DDD/1000 population/day. Since 2005 dispensed use of levodopa + carbidopa + entacapone has steadily increased, from 0.03 to 0.10 DDD/1000 population/day. In July 2009 levodopa + carbidopa was the most widely used agent, followed by levodopa + benserazide, then benztropine. Cabergoline increased from 1999, peaked in 2006, and thereafter declined. APD use peaked in males and females aged 60–69 years. Age‐adjusted utilization was slightly higher in males than females.ConclusionsThe amount of levodopa dispensed has slowly increased with levodopa + benserazide increasing faster than levodopa + carbidopa. Use of cabergoline fell when pramipexole became available and the risk of ergot‐related serosal adverse effects was more widely appreciated. Use of centrally acting anti‐cholinergics decreased over a period of time when use of atypical anti‐psychotic agents increased. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of an evidence‐based algorithm on quality of care in pediatric parapneumonic effusion and empyema
Authors: Shomaker Kyrie L. , Weiner Tim , Esther Charles R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether implementation of a collaborative, evidence‐based algorithm for care of pediatric parapneumonic effusion and empyema (PPE) can improve the quality of care delivered.Study DesignProspective cohort with retrospective control comparison of children aged 1 month to 18 years admitted with a clinical diagnosis of PPE. Quality improvement techniques were used to develop an algorithm, which was implemented September 2008. Primary outcome measures were decreased median and variability in length of stay (LOS), reduction in the use of chest computed tomography (CT), reduction in the total number of painful procedures, and increased initial use of effective drainage procedures when drainage was indicated.ResultsCompared with controls, algorithm implementation substantially reduced use of chest CT (0% vs. 41% of patients, P = 0.01) with no observed negative impact on LOS. Reductions in median LOS were not significant, but variability in LOS was reduced (P < 0.01 by F‐test). Changes in number of procedures and use of effective drainage when indicated were in the predicted direction but not statistically significant.ConclusionsQuality improvement techniques are an effective means for incorporating evidence‐based medicine into pediatric care. PPE can be managed safely without the use of chest CT. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:722–728. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular beam epitaxy growth of GaN/AlGaN quantum cascade structure using droplet elimination by thermal annealing technique
Authors: Terashima Wataru , Hirayama Hideki 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe studied on the radio‐frequency molecular beam epitaxial (RF‐MBE) growth of GaN/AlGaN quantum cascade (QC) structure grown on a metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD)‐GaN template by employing the droplet elimination by thermal annealing (DETA) technique, in order to realize the successful fabrication of a QC structure with a large number of periods and to increase the radiant intensity from terahertz‐quantum cascade lasers (THz‐QCL) sample. DETA is a technique in which the metal droplets that form on the surface are evaporated and eliminated by temporarily increasing the substrate temperature, utilizing the property whereby the equilibrium vapor pressures of the metal components (Ga, Al) are larger than those of the resulting nitrides (GaN, AlN). DETA is a useful method which not only makes it possible to increase the number of periods in the QC structure, but also to improve the surface and structural properties of the QC structure. We could successfully increase the radiant intensity from a THz‐QCL sample by increasing the number of periods in the stacked QC structure by using the DETA technique.
Free electron properties and hydrogen in InN grown by MOVPE
Authors: Darakchieva V. , Xie M.‐Y. , Rogalla D. , Becker H.‐W. , Lorenz K. , Alves E. , Ruffenach S. , Moret M. , Briot O. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this work we present a comprehensive study on the hydrogen impurities, free electron, and structural properties of MOVPE InN films with state‐of‐the‐art quality. We find a correlation between the decrease of free electron concentration and the reduction of bulk hydrogen in the films upon thermal annealing, while no changes in the dislocation densities and strain are observed. Our results suggest that hydrogen is a major source for the unintentional n‐type doping in MOVPE InN.
Boron diffusion behavior in silicon during shallow p+/n junction formation by non‐melt excimer laser annealing
Authors: Aid Siti Rahmah , Matsumoto Satoru , Fuse Genshu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBoron diffusion in silicon during the formation of a shallow p+/n junction has been studied. Low‐energy/high‐dose boron was implanted in germanium preamorphized silicon. Preannealing involving rapid thermal annealing for 10 s, followed by annealing involving non‐melt laser annealing for several nanoseconds were then performed to regrow the amorphous layer and to activate dopants. We found that this combination of processes results in anomalous diffusion of boron (despite the annealing being performed within several nanoseconds), which increases the junction depth of annealed samples.
Field‐effect transistor performance of zinc oxide thin films derived from molecular based alkoxyalkyl zinc compounds
Authors: Hoffmann Rudolf C. , Dilfer Stefan , Issanin Alexander , Schneider Jörg J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSolution processed zinc oxide thin films are derived from different organometallic alkoxyalkyl zinc compounds [Zn(OR1)R2]4 and their performance in field‐effect transistors (FETs) has been studied systematically. The influence of various residues R1 or R2 on the decomposition behaviour of the organometallic precursors and the resulting film morphology is discussed. The performance of the FETs could be enhanced by employment of a post‐processing treatment with hydrogen plasma, leading to higher electron carrier mobilities as well as stable on/off ratios.magnified image
Demonstration of diamond field effect transistors by AlN/diamond heterostructure
Authors: Imura Masataka , Hayakawa Ryoma , Watanabe Eiichiro , Liao Meiyong , Koide Yasuo , Amano Hiroshi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis is the first report on an AlN/diamond heterojunction field effect transistor (HFET). The AlN epilayer is grown on oxygen‐terminated (111) diamond substrates using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy at a temperature as high as 1240 °C. The transistor and gate capacitance–voltage characteristics indicate that the HFET behaves as a p‐channel FET with a normally‐on depletion mode. The HFET channel is located at the AlN/diamond interface, and holes are accumulated in diamond close to the interface. The development of the AlN/diamond HFET creates a new possibility for diamond‐based power electronics. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An integration design optimization framework of robust design, axiomatic design, and reliability‐based design
Authors: Lijuan Shen , Jun Yang , Yu Zhao 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRobust design, axiomatic design, and reliability‐based design provide effective approaches to deal with quality problems, and their integration will achieve better quality improvement. An integration design optimization framework of robust design, axiomatic design, and reliability‐based design is proposed in this paper. First, the fitted response model of each quality characteristic is obtained by response surface methodology and the mean square error (MSE) estimation is given by a second‐order Taylor series approximation expansion. Then the multiple quality characteristics robust design model is developed by the MSE criteria. Finally, the independence axiom constraints for decoupling and reliability constraints are integrated into the multiple quality characteristics robust design model, and the integration design optimization framework is formulated, where the weighted Tchebycheff approach is adopted to solve the multiple objective programming. An illustrative example is presented at the end, and the results show that the proposed approach can obtain better trade‐offs among conflicting quality characteristics, variability, coupling degree and reliability requirements. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐agent deployment for visibility coverage in polygonal environments with holes
Authors: Obermeyer Karl J. , Ganguli Anurag , Bullo Francesco 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article presents a distributed algorithm for a group of robotic agents with omnidirectional vision to deploy into nonconvex polygonal environments with holes. Agents begin deployment from a common point, possess no prior knowledge of the environment, and operate only under line‐of‐sight sensing and communication. The objective of the deployment is for the agents to achieve full visibility coverage of the environment while maintaining line‐of‐sight connectivity with each other. This is achieved by incrementally partitioning the environment into distinct regions, each completely visible from some agent. Proofs are given of (i) convergence, (ii) upper bounds on the time and number of agents required, and (iii) bounds on the memory and communication complexity. Simulation results and description of robust extensions are also included. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐Dimensional Fluidic Self‐Assembly by Axis Translation of Two‐Dimensionally Fabricated Microcomponents in Railed Microfluidics
Authors: Chung Su Eun , Jung Yoonseok , Kwon Sunghoon 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA method for high‐throughput 3D self‐assembly of 2D photopatterned microstructures using railed microfluidics is presented. Vertical device patterning of heterogeneous materials requires high‐level integration using conventional microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology; however, 3D railed assembly enables easy and fast self‐assembly via a fluidic axis‐translation process and simple material exchange in microfluidic channels. Individually photopatterned 2D microstructures are axis‐translated from in‐plane to out‐of‐plane and fluidically self‐assembled, guided by side‐rails in microfluidic channels to form a 3D morphology. Since the structures are fabricated in fluidic environments, there are no fixed initial points on the channel substrate allowing fluidic horizontal stacking of erected 2D structures. The guiding mechanism of railed microfluidics enables efficient fluidic handling and deterministic 3D self‐assembly of heterogeneous components such as electronic components or polymeric microstructures using only fluidic force.
Evaluation of a high‐volume, low‐latency market data processing system implemented with IBM middleware
Authors: Park Yoonho , King Richard , Nathan Senthil , Most Wesley , Andrade Henrique 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYA stock market data processing system that can handle high data volumes at low latencies is critical to market makers. Such systems play a critical role in algorithmic trading, risk analysis, market surveillance, and many other related areas. The current systems tend to use specialized software and custom processors. We show that such a system can be built with general‐purpose middleware and run on commodity hardware. The middleware we use is IBM System S which includes transport technology from IBM WebSphere MQ Low Latency Messaging (LLM). Our performance evaluation consists of two parts. First, we determined the effectiveness of each system optimization that the hardware and software infrastructure makes available. These optimizations were implemented at all software levels—application, middleware, and operating system. Second, we evaluated our system on different hardware platforms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biokompatible und bioaktive polymere Beschichtungen
Authors: Voit Brigitte , Gramm Stefan , Steinert Volker , Werner Carsten , Zschoche Stefan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn biomedizinischen Anwendungen müssen die polymeren Materialien häufig mit einer biokompatiblen Oberfläche ausgerüstet werden. Wir stellen verschiedene Methoden vor, biokompatible und auch bioaktive Hydrogele auf Polymeroberflächen zu immobilisieren. Dabei werden einerseits Makroinitiator‐Reaktivschichten eingesetzt, die es erlauben, z. b. Polyacrylsäurehydrogele auf Polykondensaten durch „grafting‐from”︁ aufwachsen zu lassen.Auf der anderen Seite können vorgefertigte hydrophile Polymere über Plasma und Elektronenstrahlimmobilisierung kovalent an verschiedenen Oberflächen gebunden werden. Die Stabilität, Quellfähigkeit und Biokompatibilität der Hydrogelschichten konnte verifiziert werden. Über das Einbringen von ph bzw. thermoresponsiven Gruppen kann das Quellverhalten der Schichten auch extern gesteuert werden.
Falls recall—limitations of the most used inclusion criteria
Authors: Freiberger Ellen , de Vreede Paul 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe demographic changes in the industrialized countries place new and important challenges to health care providers, politicians, and modern society. Many older persons wish to maintain independence and mobility as long as possible. Falls and their consequences constitute a serious threat to these most important goals of the older person, and they do occur frequently in the community-dwelling cohort of people aged 65 years and older. This article discusses the limitations of one of the most important independent risk factors to predict future falls: a positive fall history. Several issues arise with assessing fall history in an older population. Firstly, several studies indicated that self-reported recall of falls may lead to underreporting and that older persons perceive a fall differently compared to health professionals and researchers. Secondly, falls can be reported retrospectively or prospectively. In general, a prospective design is favored by researchers with “daily fall calendar” considered the golden standard. Thirdly, different research has been conducted to find the most reliable time frame for self-recorded falls in the past. Self-reported recall of falls by older persons may lead to underreporting due to older persons not recognizing (the severity of) a fall or not remembering a fall and due to different interpretation of “a fall”. Data on fall history should be expanded with questions about trips, slips, and self-perceived problems in balance, gait or mobility and preferably fear of falling or a quick physical assessment. In general, a prospective design is favored by researchers with “daily fall calendar” considered the golden standard. Computerized interactive response technology may be of additional value to prospectively monitoring falls in older persons. The best time frame for obtaining self-reported falls seems a period of 12 months, ruling out any seasonal influence.