bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation and rheological characterization of reduced‐calorie food emulsions
Authors: DE CINDIO BRUNO , CACACE DOMENICO 
Published: July 2010

SummaryWater‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) double emulsions are systems where a water‐in‐oil emulsion (W/O) is dispersed in a second aqueous phase. The W/O emulsion exists in the suspending aqueous medium as oil globules containing smaller water droplets.In this work, a selection of both materials and procedures has been made in order to obtain an optimal formulation of a W/O/W food emulsion for both yield and rheologica] properties.The rheological properties of W/O/W emulsions have been studied by means of both steady‐shear and oscillatory measurements, and appeared to be similar to those of a simple O/W emulsion having the same volume fraction of dispersed phase, but lower oil content.This is of great interest to the food industry, since producing double emulsions with the same texture as simple ones, but a lower oil content, helps to formulate reduced‐calorie foods.
Tristimulus colour measurement of rooibos tea extracts as an objective quality parameter
Authors: JOUBERT ELIZABETH 
Published: July 2010

SummaryTransmission colour measurement of rooibos tea extracts, differing in solid concentration and turbidity, was investigated using cells with a path length of 5, 20 and 30 mm. Inversion of chromaticity parameters occurred with colour measurement of rooibos tea extracts (0.025‐1% solids) using 20 and 30 mm cells. Dilution of extracts decreased the effect of turbidity on the colour parameters, but changed the hue of the extract from red‐brown to yellow. A near linear relationship between the chromaticity parameters and extract concentration was obtained for new expanded a and b scales. Extracts differing by 0.01% in concentration can be correctly ranked visually but not extracts differing by 0.005%. Commercially‐produced tea samples with the highest colour rating by an expert panel had significantly higher a* values than tea with a lower grade indicating the importance of the red tint of rooibos tea extracts in quality evaluation.
Colour and texture changes during sterilization of packed ripe olives
Authors: ROMERO CONCEPCIÓN , GARCÍA PEDRO , BRENES MANUEL , GARRIDO ANTONIO 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThere were no temperature‐ or time‐dependent significant changes in colour or iron content of two cultivars of bottled ripe olives during heat sterilization at temperatures between 117 and 129°C. the addition of calcium had no effect on the activation parameters of texture, although the olives were always firmer when the cation was added. the z‐values for the texture of ripe olives were found to be around 20°C and the average activation energy was 138 kJ/mol.
Modelling the effects of peanut flour, feed moisture content, and extrusion temperature on physical properties of an extruded snack product
Authors: PRINYAWIWATKUL WITOON , BEUCHAT LARRY R. , PHILLIPS R. DIXON , RESURRECCION ANNA V.A. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA mixture experimental design was used to evaluate the combined effects of non‐fermented (PDPF) and fermented (F‐PDPF) peanut flours, added feed moisture content, and extrusion temperature on physical properties of extruded cornstarch‐peanut flour‐based snacks. Moisture content, expansion ratio, bulk density, modified Kramer compression‐shear force and colour of extrudates were significantly affected by the amount of PDPF and F‐PDPF in the formulation. Oil absorption by extrudates was only influenced by the type of peanut flour. Within the range of (per 1‐kg batch) 0.30–0.34 g g−1added water, 0.16–0.20 g g−1PDPF and/or F‐PDPF, and extrusion temperatures of 125 to 150°C, extrudates with a wide range of functional characteristics can be produced.
Water vapour permeability of edible bilayer films of wheat gluten and lipids
Authors: GONTARD NATHALIE , MARCHESSEAU SYLVIE , CUQ JEAN‐LOUIS , GUILBERT STEPHANE 
Published: July 2010

SummaryVarious formulations and methods of fabricating edible bilayer films consisting of wheat gluten as a structural layer and a thin lipid layer as a moisture barrier were investigated and examined for water vapour permeability. Solid lipids such as beeswax or paraffin wax deposited in a molten state onto the base film were the most effective water vapour barriers. A film consisting of wheat gluten, glycerol and diacetyl tartaric ester of monoglyceride as one layer, and beeswax as the other yielded a water vapour permeability of 0.0048 g mm m−2 mmHg−1 24h−1, which was less than that obtained with low density polyethylene.
Using generalized autoregressive error models to understand fire–vegetation–soil feedbacks in a mulga–spinifex landscape mosaic
Authors: Murphy Brett P. , Paron Paolo , Prior Lynda D. , Boggs Guy S. , Franklin Donald C. , Bowman David M. J. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim To develop a new modelling approach for spatially autocorrelated non‐normal data, and apply it to a case study of the role that fire–vegetation–soil feedbacks play in maintaining boundaries between fire‐sensitive and fire‐promoted plant communities.Location A mulga (Acacia aneura) shrubland–spinifex (Triodiaspp.) grassland mosaic, central Australia.Methods Autoregressive error models were extended to non‐normal data by incorporating neighbourhood values of the response and predictor variables into generalized nonlinear models. These models were used to examine the environmental correlates of three response variables: mulga cover; fire frequency in areas free of mulga; and the presence of mulga banding. Mulga cover and mulga banding were assessed visually by overlaying 4477 × 1 km2grid cells on both Landsat 7 ETM+ and very high resolution imagery. Fire frequency was estimated from an existing fire history for central Australia, based on remotely sensed fire scars.Results The autoregressive error models explained 27%, 47% and 57% of the null deviance of mulga cover, fire frequency and mulga banding, respectively, with 12%, 15% and 24% of the null deviance being explained by environmental variables alone. These models accounted for virtually all residual spatial autocorrelation. While there was a clear negative relationship between mulga cover and fire frequency, there was little evidence that mulga was being restricted to parts of the landscape with inherently low fire frequencies. Mulga was most abundant at very low slope angles and on red earths, both of which are likely to reflect high site productivity, while fire frequency was not clearly affected by slope angle and was also relatively high on red earths.Main conclusions The modelling approach we have developed provides a much needed way of analysing spatially autocorrelated non‐normal data and can be easily incorporated into an information‐theoretic modelling framework. Using this approach, we provide evidence that mulga and spinifex have a highly antagonistic relationship. In more productive parts of the landscape, mulga suppresses spinifex and fire, while in less productive parts of the landscape, fire and spinifex suppress mulga, leading to the remarkable abruptness of mulga–spinifex boundaries that are maintained via fire–vegetation–soil feedbacks.
California annual grass invaders: the drivers or passengers of change?
Authors: HilleRisLambers Janneke , Yelenik Stephanie G. , Colman Benjamin P. , Levine Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2010

Summary 1. The dominance of invasive species is often assumed to reflect their competitive superiority over displaced native species. However, invasive species may be abundant because of their greater tolerance to anthropogenic impacts accompanying their introduction. Thus, invasive species can either be the drivers or passengers of change. 2. We distinguish between these two possibilities in California grasslands currently dominated by Mediterranean annuals (exotics) and subjected to livestock grazing since European settlement. We focused on native annual grasses and forbs, an understudied species‐rich component of the California flora, and Mediterranean annual grasses, currently dominant and among the first non‐native plants introduced to the area. 3. We established a field experiment with fenced and unfenced blocks in a cattle pasture. We measured concentrations of limiting resources (nitrogen, phosphorus, light and soil moisture) in monoculture plots as an index of competitive ability (i.e. R*). We then quantified grazing impacts on biomass and seed production in grazed vs. ungrazed monoculture plots. Finally, we measured biomass and seed production of each species competing in mixture plots, in the presence and absence of grazers. 4. We found that native and exotic species did not differ in R* indices of competitive ability, i.e. concentrations of limiting resources in ungrazed native monoculture plots did not differ from concentrations in ungrazed exotic monoculture plots. By contrast, exotic annuals suffered less from grazing than native annuals, perhaps reflecting their longer evolutionary history with cattle grazing. Consistent with these results, native and exotic annuals were equally abundant in ungrazed mixtures, but exotic species overwhelmingly dominated grazed mixtures. 5. Species able to draw down nitrogen and light to lower levels in monocultures (i.e. those with lower R* values) dominated biomass and seeds in mixed plots without grazers. However, R* did not predict the relative abundance of species in grazed plots. Moreover, the relative abundance of species in mixtures did not correlate with grazing impacts on their monocultures, implying that grazing alters inter‐specific competitive dynamics. 6. Synthesis. We demonstrate that the displacement of native annuals by Mediterranean annual grasses in California may largely have been driven by cattle grazing.
Neuroendocrine and Genetic Control of Seasonal Reproduction in Sheep and Goats
Authors: Chemineau P , Bodin L , Migaud M , Thiéry JC , Malpaux B 
Published: July 2010

ContentsGoats and sheep generally express seasonal variations in their sexual behaviour, spermatogenic activity (from moderate decrease to very low sperm production), gamete quality (variations in fertilization rates and embryo survival), ovulation frequency (presence or absence of ovulation), and ovulation rate (number of eggs shed per ovulation period). This induces seasonal availability of derived, fresh animal products (meat, milk and cheese) because of a more or less marked seasonal distribution of births. A complex combination of an endogenous circannual rhythm driven and synchronized by light and melatonin, which controls the pulsatile activity of GnRH neurons in the preoptic‐mediobasal hypothalamus, is responsible for these changes. Dramatic and long‐term neuroendocrine changes, involving different neuromediator systems and neuronal plasticity, have been shown to play a role in these processes. A strong variability between breeds exists in both species regarding the dates of onset and end of the breeding season, with a gradient of seasonality from southern to northern latitudes. Within a breed, seasonal traits are heritable; thus, genetic selection could be one way to decrease seasonality in sheep and goats in the future.
R1 version, self‐concept in Taiwanese adolescents with congenital heart disease
Authors: Chen Chi‐Wen , Chen Yueh‐Chih , Beckstead Jason W. , Kennel Susan , Evans Mary E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare differences in self‐concept between male and female adolescents with congenital heart disease, and to compare the self‐concepts of these adolescents to that of the general adolescent population using normative data.Methods:  A total of 300 adolescents, 143 male and 157 female, from two medical centers in Taiwan completed the Tennessee Self‐Concept Scales and the scores of male and female subjects were compared. The scores of adolescents with congenital heart disease were also compared with normative data of healthy Taiwanese adolescents.Results:  Girls with congenital heart disease showed significantly lower mean scores in Physical Self, Social Self, Personal Self, Academic Self and Overall Self domains on the Tennessee Self‐Concept Scales when compared to boys with congenital heart disease. When compared to the average value of normative data, adolescent boys with congenital heart disease had significantly higher mean T‐scores on Physical Self, Family Self, Social Self, Personal Self, Academic Self and Overall Self, and adolescent girls had significantly higher mean T‐scores in Moral‐ethical Self, Social Self, Personal Self, Academic Self and Overall Self domains. There were weak negative correlations between severity of congenital heart disease and Physical Self T‐scores, and between the number of heart operations and Academic T‐scores.Conclusions:  Self‐concept in adolescents with congenital heart disease is similar to or even higher than that of their normal counterparts. More holistic views of adolescents with congenital heart disease, including their self‐concept, appear warranted, especially for adolescent girls with congenital heart disease.
High prevalence of moderately severe vitamin D deficiency in preterm infants
Authors: Dawodu Adekunle , Nath Ravi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground: The recommended dose of vitamin D supplementation of preterm infants is based on data from populations in which severe vitamin D deficiency is uncommon and may be inadequate for infants in high risk population. However, data on vitamin D status of preterm infants in high‐risk populations, such as Middle Eastern countries is scarce.Methods: This study investigates the vitamin D status of Arab mothers and their preterm infants. Maternal serum and cord blood 25(OH)D, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and alkaline phosphate (ALP) were measured at delivery. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by HPLC while the other biochemical parameters were measured by standard autoanalyzer.Results: Thirty‐four preterm infants were studied. The mean gestational age was 31.4 weeks and birth weight was 1667 g. The median serum 25(OH)D of 17.0 nmol/L in 28 mothers and 14.5 nmol/L in 34 cord blood samples were low. The median maternal and cord blood Ca, P and ALP levels were within normal range. Fifteen (44%) of the infants had moderately severe vitamin D deficiency (serum 25 (OH)D levels <12.5 nmol/L). The median serum 25(OH)D levels of mothers who had reportedly taken prenatal vitamin D supplementation and those who had not were similar (17.3 vs 16.3) nmol/L. The mean serum 25(OH)D levels among preterm infants in this study were low when compared to levels in Caucasians preterm infants on which the current vitamin D recommendations are based.Conclusion: The high prevalence of moderately severe vitamin D deficiency in Arab preterm infants provides a justification to investigate vitamin D requirement of preterm infants in this and other high‐risk populations.
PRACTITIONERS CORNER: Tests for Cointegration in Models with Regime and Trend Shifts
Authors: Gregory Allan W. , Hansen Bruce E. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTRecently Gregory and Hansen (1996) proposed a number of residual‐based tests for cointegration in models with the possibility of a structural break. They considered three models: (i) level shift; (ii) level shift with trend; and (iii) regime shift (both level shift and slope coefficients can change). We introduce a more general model that permits a trend shift as well as a regime shift and we provide the critical values appropriate for testing this hypothesis.
Biomarkers and endogenous determinants of dofetilide‐induced torsades de pointes in α1‐adrenoceptor‐stimulated, anaesthetized rabbits
Authors: Farkas Attila S. , Rudas László , Makra Péter , Csík Norbert , Leprán István , Forster Tamás , Csanády Miklós , Papp Julius Gy. , Varró András , Farkas András 
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSETorsades de pointes (TdP) liability is a stochastic event, which indicates that unidentified factors have an important role in facilitating the initiation of TdP by increasing the probability of TdP occurrence. We sought to identify factors that facilitate drug‐induced TdP.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHWe studied dofetilide‐induced TdP in pentobarbital‐anaesthetized, phenylephrine‐sensitized rabbits, seeking biomarkers that discriminated between the animals that experienced TdP (‘TdP+’ animals) and those that did not (‘TdP−’ animals). As novel variables, the beat‐to‐beat variability and instability of ECG intervals were measured at preset times, irrespective of whether or not hearts were in stable sinus rhythm (‘absolute’ variability and instability). Autonomic activity was also determined.KEY RESULTSDofetilide delayed repolarization and induced arrhythmias prior to TdP. The variability of the coupling interval and shape of arrhythmic beats before TdP were significantly greater in the ‘TdP+’ group than in the ‘TdP−’ group. Accordingly, the ‘absolute’ variability and instability of the ECG intervals were significantly elevated in the ‘TdP+’ group. Phenylephrine increased significantly the up‐baroreflex sensitivity in the ‘TdP+’ group before dofetilide administration.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS‘Preceding’ arrhythmias have characteristics that permit prediction of TdP occurrence: the more chaotic the ventricular rhythm, the greater the probability of TdP initiation. This suggests that complexity of the arrhythmic beats may play an important mechanistic role in TdP genesis. The electrical instability quantified by the novel ‘absolute’ variability and instability parameters correlates with the probability of TdP occurrence. Baroreflex may contribute to TdP genesisin vivo.
Evaluation of depression risk in LGI1 mutation carriers
Authors: Heiman Gary A. , Kamberakis Kay , Gill Richard , Kalachikov Sergey , Pedley Timothy A. , Allen Hauser W. , Ottman Ruth 
Published: July 2010

SummaryPurpose:  Depression is the most common comorbid condition in epilepsy. The cause of this comorbidity is unknown, and could involve psychosocial consequences of epilepsy, treatment side effects, seizure manifestations, or common neurobiologic mechanisms. One hypothesis of particular interest is a shared genetic susceptibility to epilepsy and depression. We tested this hypothesis by studying depressive symptoms in families with an identified genetic form of epilepsy: autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features caused by mutations in the leucine‐rich, glioma inactivated 1 gene (LGI1).Methods:  A standardized depression screen was administered to 94 individuals from 11 families with mutations in LGI1, including 38 mutation carriers with epilepsy (AC), 11 clinically unaffected mutation carriers (UC), and 45 noncarriers (NC).Results:  Current depressive symptom scores were significantly higher in AC than in NC, an association that remained after excluding depressive symptoms that appeared likely to be caused by antiepileptic medication use. However, scores did not differ between UC and NC.Discussion:  Although LGI1 mutation carriers who were clinically affected with epilepsy had increased depressive symptoms, mutation carriers without epilepsy did not. These findings suggest that the increase in depressive symptoms in affected individuals from these families is related to epilepsy or its treatment rather than to LGI1 mutations per se.
Familial partial epilepsy with variable foci: A new family with suggestion of linkage to chromosome 22q12
Authors: Morales‐Corraliza José , Gómez‐Garre Pilar , Sanz Raúl , Díaz‐Otero Fernando , Gutiérrez‐Delicado Eva , Serratosa José M. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryFamilial partial epilepsy with variable foci (FPEVF) is an autosomal dominant form of partial epilepsy characterized by the presence of epileptic seizures originating from different cerebral lobes in different members of the same family. Linkage to chromosomes 22q12 and 2q36 has been reported, although only six families have been published. We studied a new FPEVF family including nine affected individuals. The phenotype in this family was similar to that previously described and consisted of nocturnal and daytime seizures with semiology suggesting a frontal lobe origin. A video‐EEG (electroencephalography) recording of the proband’s seizures is presented and revealed hyperkinetic seizures of frontal lobe origin preceded by left frontal spikes. We excluded linkage to chromosome 2q36 and found a suggestion of linkage to chromosome 22q12 with a lod score of 2.64 (θ = 0) for marker D22S689.
Molecular monitoring and mutation analysis of patients with advanced phase CML and Ph+ ALL receiving dasatinib
Authors: Olsson‐Strömberg Ulla , Hermansson Monica , Lundán Tuija , Ohm Anne‐Charlotte , Engdahl Ida , Höglund Martin , Simonsson Bengt , Porkka Kimmo , Barbany Gisela 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAs a result of the excellent responses achieved in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia since the introduction of imatinib, sensitive techniques such as reverse transcriptase real‐time PCR are warranted to monitor patients receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Our objective was to determine the value of molecular monitoring Ph‐positive leukemias under dasatinib treatment. We used real‐time PCR and ABL1 kinase domain sequencing on sequential samples from 11 patients with Philadelphia‐positive leukemias who received dasatinib. We were able to detect pre‐existing mutations in the kinase domain of BCR‐ABL1 in four patients, particularly in patients with high BCR‐ABL1 transcript levels. Most mutations disappeared with dasatinib, however, in five patients a clone with T315I appeared during dasatinib treatment. We conclude that sensitive molecular monitoring with real‐time PCR for BCR‐ABL1 transcripts and mutation screening of the ABL1 kinase domain of patients with Philadelphia‐positive leukemias are valuable for patient management, however, mutation findings should be interpreted with caution, as mutant clones not always behave in vivo as predicted by in vitro assays.
Le Stiftsmuseum, Viborg
Authors: Seeberg Peter 
Published: July 2010

Le Stiftsmuseum est un musée vivant, un rouage actif de la vie culturelle de Viborg et de sa région.Aucun texte ni diagramme explicatif, pas de didactisme dans son exposition permanente. Mais la recherche d'une certaine poésie, d'une atmosphère magique, de tout ce qui peut intensifier la réceptivité du visiteur et favoriser le contact direct avec l'objet original. Écrits ou audio‐visuels, des auxiliaires extérieurs sont fournis au public, en corrélation avec les objets exposés.Des expositions temporaires se déroulent, nombreuses. Leurs sujets, le plus souvent, se rapportent à la vie quotidienne.Un ensemble de conceptions, au demeurant, sur lesquelles la rédaction de Museum souhaite ouvrir la discussion et dont elle s'offre à publier les réactions.
Ampurias: problèmes d'un musée de site
Authors: Perelló Eduardo Ripoll , Greco Enrique Sanmarti 
Published: July 2010

Cet article traite d'un site archéologique renommé, objet, depuis longtemps, de fouilles exemplaires.Outre l'intérêt qu'il offre, en soi, pour la connaissance d'un excellent musée de site, il pose deux problèmes de politique muséale, qu'on peut dire d'intérêt général.Le premier problème, c'est celui de la répartition du produit de fouilles opérées sur un site important. Tout doit‐il aller à un musée central ayant pour vocation d'étudier et de présenter la totalité d'une culture, dont la culture que révèle le site est un élément constitutif? Tout, au contraire, doit‐il aller à un musée créé sur place, ayant même vocation sur le plan local? A moins que, au prix d'une concertation raisonnée et d'un échange de services, le produit des fouilles soit partagé entre musée central et musée de site (fig. 12).Le second problème, c'est celui du tourisme. Plus le site est fréquenté — c'est le cas d'Ampurias—plus l'espace en est pollué, la recherche archéologique perturbée, l'environnement défiguré par une urbanisation sauvage. Des solutions ingénieuses et efficaces sont déjà appliquées, en l'occurrence, qui méritent d'être développées et données en exemple.