bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring the flow sensitivity of fast spin‐echo sequences for noncontrast peripheral MR angiography
Authors: Storey Pippa , Atanasova Iliyana P. , Lim Ruth P. , Xu Jian , Kim Daniel , Chen Qun , Lee Vivian S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThere has recently been renewed interest in noncontrast techniques for peripheral MR angiography following the discovery of an association between gadolinium‐based contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with renal insufficiency. The “fresh blood imaging” technique proposed by Miyazaki et al. involves the subtraction of two three‐dimensional fast spin‐echo image sets, one acquired in systole, when the arteries appear dark due to flow‐related dephasing, and the other obtained in diastole, when the arteries are brighter. Our goal was to investigate how parameters of the fast spin‐echo sequence influence its flow sensitivity, and how that in turn impacts the depiction of large and small arteries. Results from phantom experiments and human studies in the calf suggest that the flow sensitivity is governed largely by the flip angle of the radiofrequency refocusing pulses. The area of the spoiler gradients has a lesser effect, and at low flip angles the echo time plays a role. These parameters can be optimized to obtain good depiction of the calf arteries in healthy subjects. It remains to be seen whether they provide sufficient control over flow sensitivity to achieve diagnostic‐quality images in other vascular beds and in the presence of pathology. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local superconvergence of the derivative for tensor‐product block FEM
Authors: He Wen‐Ming , Chen Wei‐Qiu , Zhu Qi‐Ding 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this article, we shall discuss local superconvergence of the derivative for tensor‐product block finite elements over uniform partition for three‐dimensional Poisson's equation on the basis of Liu and Zhu (Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 25 (2009) 999–1008). Assume that odd m ≥ 3, x0 is an inner locally symmetric point of uniform rectangular partition
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\mathcal{T}_{h}\end{align*} \end{document}
and ρ(x0,∂Ω) means the distance between x0 and boundary ∂Ω. Combining the symmetry technique (Wahlbin, Springer, 1995; Schatz, Sloan, and Wahlbin, SIAM J Numer Anal 33 (1996), 505–521; Schatz, Math Comput 67 (1998), 877–899) with weak estimates for tensor‐product block finite elements of degree m ≥ 3 [see Liu and Zhu, Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 25 (2009) 999–1008] and the finite element theory of Green function in ℜ︁3 presented in this article, we propose the
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}O(h^{m+3}|\ln h|^{\frac{4}{3}}+h^{2m+2}|\ln h|^{\frac{4}{3}}\rho(x_{0},\partial\Omega)^{-m})\end{align*} \end{document}
convergence of the derivatives for tensor‐product block finite elements of degree m ≥ 3 on x0. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 457–475, 2012
Individualized choice in prenatal diagnosis: the impact of karyotyping and standalone rapid aneuploidy detection on quality of life
Authors: Boormans E. M. A. , Birnie E. , Oepkes D. , Boekkooi P. F. , Bonsel G. J. , van Lith J. M. M. ,   on behalf of the MAKE study group
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the reasons and perceptions of women who are offered a choice between karyotyping and standalone rapid aneuploidy detection (RAD) and to compare the impact of both tests on anxiety and health‐related quality of life.MethodsIn this prospective comparative study, women undergoing amniocentesis on behalf of their age or for an increased Down syndrome risk were offered a choice between karyotyping (group 1, n = 68) and standalone RAD (group 2, n = 61). Follow‐up was 9 weeks post amniocentesis.ResultsThe most commonly cited reason for choosing karyotyping was obtaining as much information as possible, while for choosing standalone RAD, it was the short waiting time. Prenatal screening (OR 7.09), no knowledge of karyotyping (OR 4.2), and an intermediate perceived risk for chromosomal abnormalities (OR 3.6) were associated with choosing standalone RAD. There were no systematic differences in time of karyotyping and standalone RAD in terms of anxiety (P = 0.11), generic physical and mental health (P = 0.94, 0.52; P = 0.66, 0.07), personal perceived control (PPC; P = 0.69), and stress (P = 0.66).ConclusionOffering a choice between karyotyping and standalone RAD does not influence anxiety, stress, PPC, or generic health. Individual choice in prenatal diagnosis meets individual needs and thereby could reduce anxiety and stress. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular mechanism of β‐sheet self‐organization at water‐hydrophobic interfaces
Authors: Nikolic Ana , Baud Stéphanie , Rauscher Sarah , Pomès Régis 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe capacity to form β‐sheet structure and to self‐organize into amyloid aggregates is a property shared by many proteins. Severe neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease are thought to involve the interaction of amyloidogenic protein oligomers with neuronal membranes. To understand the experimentally observed catalysis of amyloid formation by lipid membranes and other water‐hydrophobic interfaces, we examine the physico‐chemical basis of peptide adsorption and aggregation in a model membrane using atomistic molecular simulations. Blocked octapeptides with simple, repetitive sequences, (Gly‐Ala)4, and (Gly‐Val)4, are used as models of β‐sheet‐forming polypeptide chains found in the core of amyloid fibrils. In the presence of an n‐octane phase mimicking the core of lipid membranes, the peptides spontaneously partition at the octane‐water interface. The adsorption of nonpolar sidechains displaces the peptides' conformational equilibrium from a heterogeneous ensemble characterized by a high degree of structural disorder toward a more ordered ensemble favoring β‐hairpins and elongated β‐strands. At the interface, peptides spontaneously aggregate and rapidly evolve β‐sheet structure on a 10 to 100 ns time scale, while aqueous aggregates remain amorphous. Catalysis of β‐sheet formation results from the combination of the hydrophobic effect and of reduced conformational entropy of the polypeptide chain. While the former drives interfacial partition and displaces the conformational equilibrium of monomeric peptides, the planar interface further facilitates β‐sheet organization by increasing peptide concentration and reducing the dimensionality of self‐assembly from three to two. These findings suggest a general mechanism for the formation of β‐sheets on the surface of globular proteins and for amyloid self‐organization at hydrophobic interfaces. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validating and improving elastic network models with molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Romo Tod D. , Grossfield Alan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractElastic network models (ENMs) are a class of simple models intended to represent the collective motions of proteins. In contrast to all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations, the low computational investment required to use an ENM makes them ideal for speculative hypothesis‐testing situations. Historically, ENMs have been validated via comparison to crystallographic B‐factors, but this comparison is relatively low‐resolution and only tests the predictions of relative flexibility. In this work, we systematically validate and optimize a number of ENM‐type models by quantitatively comparing their predictions to microsecond‐scale all‐atom simulations of three different G protein coupled receptors. We show that, despite their apparent simplicity, well‐optimized ENMs perform remarkably well, reproducing the protein fluctuations with an accuracy comparable to what one would expect from all‐atom simulations run for several hundred nanoseconds. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improvement of (001)‐oriented diamond p‐i‐n diode by use of selective grown n+ layer
Authors: Kato Hiromitsu , Makino Toshiharu , Ogura Masahiko , Tokuda Norio , Oyama Kazuhiro , Takeuchi Daisuke , Okushi Hideyo , Yamasaki Satoshi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe contact metallization to n‐type diamond is a key subject for realizing diamond bipolar devices. We have proposed the selective growth technique using the patterned surface morphology and 〈111〉 directional growth, and have achieved the heavily P doping even on (001) diamond. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the availability of this selective grown n+ diamond onto a stack junction diode in order to reduce the series resistance of n‐type layer. The p‐i‐n structure with and without n+ layer were fabricated on (001)‐oriented IIb substrate by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and conventional lithography technique, and their electrical properties are evaluated by current–voltage and capacitance–voltage measurements. Thanks to the selective grown n+ layer, good diode characters are obtained: (i) a decrease in threshold voltage and (ii) an increase in forward current without any degradation of reverse characteristics. The results clearly indicate that the selective growth technique is useful for fabricating the (001)‐oriented bipolar junction devices.
Photon statistics of a single quantum dot in a microcavity
Authors: Su Yumian , Richter Marten , Knorr Andreas , Bimberg Dieter , Carmele Alexander 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe introduce a theoretical model to describe the dynamics of an electrically pumped single quantum dot interacting with a microcavity. Within our framework, it is possible to study the full photon statistics of the quantum light emission for different pump rates and to include semiconductor specific Pauli‐ blocking effects in the polarization dynamics. In the single photon limit, we find that, compared to comparable atomic systems, two photon events are suppressed stronger by the carrier reservoir of the quantum dot. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of a two‐joint robotic fish for real‐world exploration
Authors: Liang Jianhong , Wang Tianmiao , Wen Li 
Published: August 2010

AbstractResearch on biomimetic robotic fish has been undertaken for more than a decade. Various robotic fish prototypes have been developed around the world. Although considerable research efforts have been devoted to understanding the underlying mechanism of fish swimming and construction of fish‐like swimming machines, robotic fish have largely remained laboratory curiosities. This paper presents a robotic fish that is designed for application in real‐world scenarios. The robotic fish adopts a rigid torpedo‐shaped body for the housing of power, electronics, and payload. A compact parallel four‐bar mechanism is designed for propulsion and maneuvering. Based on the kinematic analysis of the tail mechanism, the motion control algorithm of joints is presented. The swimming performance of the robotic fish is investigated experimentally. The swimming speed of the robotic fish can reach 1.36 m/s. The turning radius is 1.75 m. Powered by the onboard battery, the robotic fish can operate for up to 20 h. Moreover, the advantages of the biomimetic propulsion approach are shown by comparing the power efficiency and turning performance of the robotic fish with that of a screw‐propelled underwater vehicle. The application of the robotic fish in a real‐world probe experiment is also presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of lead on Na+, K+‐ATPase and hemolymph ion concentrations in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata
Authors: Mosher Shad , Cope W. Gregory , Weber Frank X. , Shea Damian , Kwak Thomas J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFreshwater mussels are an imperiled fauna exposed to a variety of environmental toxicants such as lead (Pb) and studies are urgently needed to assess their health and condition to guide conservation efforts. A 28‐day laboratory toxicity test with Pb and adult Eastern elliptio mussels (Elliptio complanata) was conducted to determine uptake kinetics and to assess the toxicological effects of Pb exposure. Test mussels were collected from a relatively uncontaminated reference site and exposed to a water‐only control and five concentrations of Pb (as lead nitrate) ranging from 1 to 245 μg/L in a static renewal test with a water hardness of 42 mg/L. Endpoints included tissue Pb concentrations, hemolymph Pb and ion (Na+, K+, Cl−, Ca2+) concentrations, and Na+, K+‐ATPase enzyme activity in gill tissue. Mussels accumulated Pb rapidly, with tissue concentrations increasing at an exposure‐dependent rate for the first 2 weeks, but with no significant increase from 2 to 4 weeks. Mussel tissue Pb concentrations ranged from 0.34 to 898 μg/g dry weight, were strongly related to Pb in test water at every time interval (7, 14, 21, and 28 days), and did not significantly increase after day 14. Hemolymph Pb concentration was variable, dependent on exposure concentration, and showed no appreciable change with time beyond day 7, except for mussels in the greatest exposure concentration (245 μg/L), which showed a significant reduction in Pb by 28 days, suggesting a threshold for Pb binding or elimination in hemolymph at concentrations near 1000 μg/g. The Na+, K+‐ATPase activity in the gill tissue of mussels was significantly reduced by Pb on day 28 and was highly correlated with tissue Pb concentration (R2 = 0.92; P = 0.013). The Na+, K+‐ATPase activity was correlated with reduced hemolymph Na+ concentration at the greatest Pb exposure when enzyme activity was at 30% of controls. Hemolymph Ca2+ concentration increased significantly in mussels from the greatest Pb exposure and may be due to remobilization from the shell in an attempt to buffer the hemolymph against Pb uptake and toxicity. We conclude that Na+, K+‐ATPase activity in mussels was adversely affected by Pb exposure, however, because the effects on activity were variable at the lower test concentrations, additional research is warranted over this range of exposures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cylindrospermopsin in mice treated by gavage or intraperitoneal injection
Authors: Bazin Emmanuelle , Huet Sylvie , Jarry Gérard , Hégarat Ludovic Le , Munday John S. , Humpage Andrew R. , Fessard Valérie 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCylindrospermopsin (CYN), a cyanobacterial hepatotoxin mainly produced by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, has been involved in human intoxications and livestock deaths. The widespread occurrence of CYN in the water supplies lead us to investigate its genotoxicity to assess potential chronic effects. This study reports evaluation of CYN‐induced in vivo DNA damage in mice using alkaline comet assay (ACA) and micronucleus assay (MNA) concomittantly. ACA measures DNA breakage from single and double strand breaks as well as alkali labile sites. Conversely, MNA detects chromosome damage events such as chromosomal breakage and numeric alterations. Male Swiss mice were treated with CYN concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/kg by a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection or with 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg by gavage. Methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) was used as positive control at 80 mg/kg. Twenty‐four hours after treatment, samples of liver, blood, bone marrow, kidney, intestine, and colon were taken to perform ACA, the bone marrow and the colon were also used for MNA. Parameters used to quantify DNA damage were % Tail DNA for ACA and both micronucleated immature erythrocytes and epithelial colon cells for MNA. DNA breaks and chromosome damage were significantly increased by MMS in all the organs evaluated. Significant DNA damage was detected within the colon by ACA after ip injection of 100 and 200 μg/kg CYN (P < 0.01). DNA damage was also detected in colon samples after 4 mg/kg oral administration of CYN and in bone marrow after 1 and 2 mg/kg of orally administered CYN. Histological examination showed foci of cell death within the liver and the kidney from mice that received the two highest doses of CYN by either route of administration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
Wetting Power in Aqueous Mixtures of Alkylpolyglucosides and Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohols
Authors: Jurado Encarnación , Vicaria Jose M. , Fernandez‐Arteaga Alejandro , Chachalis Panagiotis , García‐Martín Juan Francisco 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe wetting power of aqueous solutions of mixtures of an ethoxylated fatty alcohol (AE) and an alkylpolyglucoside (AG) and (concentration ratios expressed in dry weight AE:AG = 1:0, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:2, 0:1) has been evaluated. At low concentrations, the mixtures show better wettability than the pure surfactants. The wettability of mixtures of these surfactants is not significantly influenced by the water hardness or citric acid concentration. Together with the chemical nature of these surfactants, these properties make them especially interesting for the formulation of biodegradable detergents or wetting agents.
Dietary Free Oleic and Linoleic Acid Enhances Neutrophil Function and Modulates the Inflammatory Response in Rats
Authors: Rodrigues Hosana Gomes , Vinolo Marco Aurélio Ramirez , Magdalon Juliana , Fujiwara Haroldo , Cavalcanti Danielle M. H. , Farsky Sandra H. P. , Calder Philip C. , Hatanaka Elaine , Curi Rui 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe high ingestion of oleic (OLA) and linoleic (LNA) acids by Western populations, the presence of inflammatory diseases in these populations, and the importance of neutrophils in the inflammatory process led us to investigate the effects of oral ingestion of unesterified OLA and LNA on rat neutrophil function. Pure OLA and LNA were administered by gavage over 10 days. The doses used (0.11, 0.22 and 0.44 g/kg of body weight) were based on the Western consumption of OLA and LNA. Neither fatty acid affected food, calorie or water intake. The fatty acids were not toxic to neutrophils as evaluated by cytometry using propidium iodide (membrane integrity and DNA fragmentation). Neutrophil migration in response to intraperitoneal injection of glycogen and in the air pouch assay, was elevated after administration of either OLA or LNA. This effect was associated with enhancement of rolling and increased release of the chemokine CINC‐2αβ. Both fatty acids elevated l‐selectin expression, whereas no effect on β2‐integrin expression was observed, as evaluated by flow cytometry. LNA increased the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β and CINC‐2αβ) by neutrophils after 4 h in culture and both fatty acids decreased the release of the same cytokines after 18 h. In conclusion, OLA and LNA modulate several functions of neutrophils and can influence the inflammatory process.
Canola Oil Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Growth in Cultures and In Vivo and Acts Synergistically with Chemotherapeutic Drugs
Authors: Cho Kyongshin , Mabasa Lawrence , Fowler Andrea W. , Walsh Dana M. , Park Chung S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCertain fatty acids in canola oil (CAN) have been associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. This study assessed the effects of CAN on proliferation and death of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis. We hypothesize that CAN reduces breast cancer cell growth by inducing cell death. In a series of in vitro experiments, human breast cancer T47D and MCF‐7 cells were cultured and treated with CAN and two chemotherapeutic drugs, tamoxifen and cerulenin. Cell proliferation and caspase‐3 and p53 activities were measured. Reduced cancer cell growth and increased expression of caspase‐3 and p53 were seen in T47D and MCF‐7 cells treated with CAN. Moreover, CAN showed synergistic cancer cell growth inhibition effects with tamoxifen and cerulenin. In a subsequent live animal experiment, 42 female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to corn oil (CORN) or CAN diets, and mammary tumors were chemically induced byN‐nitroso‐N‐methylurea. CAN‐dieted rats had reduced tumor volumes and showed an increased survival rate as compared to CORN‐dieted rats. We demonstrated that CAN has suppressive effects on cancer growth, and reduces tumor volumes. The results suggest that CAN may have inhibitory effects on breast cancer cell growth, and warrants further investigation of the synergistic effects of CAN with anti‐cancer drugs.
Antisense Down-Regulation of 4CL Expression Alters Lignification, Tree Growth, and Saccharification Potential of Field-Grown Poplar
Authors: Voelker Steven L. , Lachenbruch Barbara , Meinzer Frederick C. , Jourdes Michael , Ki Chanyoung , Patten Ann M. , Davin Laurence B. , Lewis Norman G. , Tuskan Gerald A. , Gunter Lee , Decker Stephen R. , Selig Michael J. , Sykes Robert , Himmel Michael E. , Kitin Peter , Shevchenko Olga , Strauss Steven H. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Transgenic down-regulation of the Pt4CL1 gene family encoding 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) has been reported as a means for reducing lignin content in cell walls and increasing overall growth rates, thereby improving feedstock quality for paper and bioethanol production. Using hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × Populus alba), we applied this strategy and examined field-grown transformants for both effects on wood biochemistry and tree productivity. The reductions in lignin contents obtained correlated well with 4CL RNA expression, with a sharp decrease in lignin amount being observed for RNA expression below approximately 50% of the nontransgenic control. Relatively small lignin reductions of approximately 10% were associated with reduced productivity, decreased wood syringyl/guaiacyl lignin monomer ratios, and a small increase in the level of incorporation of H-monomers (p-hydroxyphenyl) into cell walls. Transgenic events with less than approximately 50% 4CL RNA expression were characterized by patches of reddish-brown discolored wood that had approximately twice the extractive content of controls (largely complex polyphenolics). There was no evidence that substantially reduced lignin contents increased growth rates or saccharification potential. Our results suggest that the capacity for lignin reduction is limited; below a threshold, large changes in wood chemistry and plant metabolism were observed that adversely affected productivity and potential ethanol yield. They also underline the importance of field studies to obtain physiologically meaningful results and to support technology development with transgenic trees.
Structural and Functional Divergence of a 1-Mb Duplicated Region in the Soybean (Glycine max) Genome and Comparison to an Orthologous Region fromPhaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Lin Jer-Young , Stupar Robert M. , Hans Christian , Hyten David L. , Jackson Scott A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max) has undergone at least two rounds of polyploidization, resulting in a paleopolyploid genome that is a mosaic of homoeologous regions. To determine the structural and functional impact of these duplications, we sequenced two ~1-Mb homoeologous regions of soybean, Gm8 and Gm15, derived from the most recent ~13 million year duplication event and the orthologous region from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Pv5. We observed inversions leading to major structural variation and a bias between the two chromosome segments as Gm15 experienced more gene movement (gene retention rate of 81% in Gm15 versus 91% in Gm8) and a nearly twofold increase in the deletion of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons via solo LTR formation. Functional analyses of Gm15 and Gm8 revealed decreases in gene expression and synonymous substitution rates for Gm15, for instance, a 38% increase in transcript levels from Gm8 relative to Gm15. Transcriptional divergence of homoeologs was found based on expression patterns among seven tissues and developmental stages. Our results indicate asymmetric evolution between homoeologous regions of soybean as evidenced by structural changes and expression variances of homoeologous genes.