bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion electrochemical behaviors of silane coating coated magnesium alloy in NaCl solution containing cerium nitrate
Authors: Luo F. , Li Q. , Zhong X. K. , Gao H. , Dai Y. , Chen F. N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSol–gel coatings cannot provide adequate corrosion protection for metal/alloys in the corrosive environments due to their high crack‐forming potential. This paper demonstrates the possibility to employ cerium nitrate as inhibitor to decrease the corrosion development of sol–gel‐based silane coating on the magnesium alloy in NaCl solution. Cerium nitrate was added into the NaCl solution where the silane coating coated magnesium alloy was immersed. Scanning electron microcopy (SEM) was used to examine surface morphology of the silane coating coated magnesium alloy immersed in NaCl solutions doped and undoped with cerium nitrate. The corrosion electrochemical behaviors were investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The results showed that the introduction of cerium nitrate into NaCl solution could effectively inhibit the corrosion of the silane coating coated magnesium alloy. Moreover, the influence of concentration of cerium nitrate on the corrosion inhibition and the possible inhibiting mechanism were also discussed in detail.
Corrosion resistance of the new Ti‐25Ta‐25Nb alloy in severe functional conditions
Authors: Vasilescu E. , Drob P. , Vasilescu C. , Drob S. I. , Bertrand E. , Gordin D. M. , Gloriant T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this study, a new Ti‐25Ta‐25Nb (mass%) β alloy was synthesised by cold crucible semi‐levitation melting. After melting, each ingot was solution treated in the β‐phase domain and water quenched in order to obtain a fully recrystallised homogeneous β‐phase microstructure. To evaluate the bio‐corrosion property of this new alloy, corrosion tests (cyclic potentiodynamic and linear polarisation, EIS) and surface analysis (SEM) were carried out in Ringer solution at different pH values (acid, neutral and basic). The results indicated that the corrosion resistance of the Ti‐25Ta‐25Nb alloy is quite higher than that of the commercially pure CP Ti alloy. These results show that this new alloy possesses all the characteristics necessary for its long‐term use as medical implants.
Mikto‐Arm Star Copolymers with Hyperbranched Core Structure: Synthesis by Combination of Living Radical and Condensation Polymerization
Authors: Ishizu Koji , Furuta Yuya , Okamoto Nobuyuki , Uchida Satoshi , Ozawa Masaaki 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLiving free‐radical copolymerization of the inimer 4‐vinylbenzyl N,N‐diethyldithiocarbamate with maleic anhydride in the presence of methyl methacrylate produces highly branched poly(methyl methacrylate) star polymers. Subsequently, mikto‐arm stars can be synthesized by condensation of poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether) monosodium alkoxide with functional maleic anhydride sites in the hyperbranched core. The solution properties of these mikto‐arm star copolymers are discussed.
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Synthesis and Properties of Alternating Fluorene‐Based Oligomers for Sub‐µm Photopatterning
Authors: Scheler Esther , Betthausen Eva , Strohriegl Peter 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of alternating photo‐crosslinkable fluorene co‐oligomers via Suzuki cross coupling is reported. The co‐oligomers were characterized using NMR and GPC, the results showing effective control of molecular weight. The oligomers have low Tgs of 53–63 °C and are thermally stable up to ≈300 °C. Using TPD as co‐monomer, a blue‐emitting oligomer was obtained, a yellow‐fluorescent material for benzothiadiazole, and a red (film) and yellow‐green (solution) emitting material for bithiophene. The energy levels are very similar to those of randomly linked oligomers. The photo‐crosslinking behavior was studied and under optimized conditions a lateral resolution of 600 nm was obtained.magnified image
“Click” Synthesis of a Bipolar Dendrimer as a Host Material for Electrophosphorescent Devices
Authors: Yang Jun , Ye Tengling , Zhang Qing , Ma Dongge 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA new solution‐processable bipolar dendrimer with carbazole units as hole‐transporting units and oxadiazole units as electron‐transporting units was efficiently synthesized based on a convergent approach by alternation of a Cu‐catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition reaction and Williamson ether synthesis. The orthogonal chemistry completely avoided protection and activation of the focal points in the process of dendrimer synthesis. The dendrimer showed a wide bandgap and good thermal stability. Electrophosphorescent devices with the configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/bipolar dendrimer:Ir(ppy)3/TPBI/LiF/Al were fabricated. The devices showed a maximum current efficiency of 16.8 cd · A−1, a maximum power efficiency of 4.22 lm · W−1 and an external quantum efficiency of 5.7%.magnified image
Syntheses of New 3,6‐Carbazole‐Based Donor/Acceptor Conjugated Copolymers for Optoelectronic Device Applications
Authors: Lai Mei‐Hsiu , Tsai Jung‐Hsun , Chueh Chu‐Chen , Wang Chih‐Feng , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe syntheses, properties, and optoelectronic device characteristics of four new 3,6‐carbazole‐based donor/acceptor conjugated copolymers are reported. Such copolymers are used to explore the effects of acceptor strength and backbone coplanarity on the electronic and optoelectronic properties. The optical bandgaps of the studied copolymers are PCzQ (2.29 eV) > PCzDTQ (1.91 eV) > PCzTP (1.75 eV) > PCzDTTP (1.49 eV), which are much smaller than the parent poly(3,6‐carbazole). The power conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cells fabricated from blends of copolymer/PC61BM or PC71BM reached 1.01 and 1.73% by varying the film thickness or blend ratio. The experimental results suggest the potential application of 3,6‐carbazole acceptor conjugated copolymers in optoelectronic devices.
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Conductive UV‐Cured Acrylic Inks for Resistor Fabrication: Models for their Electrical Properties
Authors: Chiolerio A. , Vescovo L. , Sangermano M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report the preparation of acrylic inks for specific electrical applications, such as resistors, based on a UV‐cured resin (PEGDA), where an in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles is performed. The conversion, gel content and morphology of the nanoparticles, with a specific interest about the size distribution and electrical conductivity at room temperature, are considered. Aging and electromigration are evaluated to confirm the stability of the samples. A correlation between the morphological properties and the electrical ones is given, in particular developing the universal percolation theory and an extension of the Vegard law for composites. Interesting conclusions are drawn based on the application of the models.magnified image
Novel Foams Based on Freeze‐Dried Renewable Vital Wheat Gluten
Authors: Blomfeldt Thomas O.J. , Olsson Richard T. , Menon Mohan , Plackett David , Johansson Eva , Hedenqvist Mikael S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA new way of producing rigid or semi‐rigid foams from vital wheat gluten using a freeze‐drying process is reported. Water/gluten‐based mixtures were frozen and freeze‐dried. Different foam structures were obtained by varying the mixing process and wheat gluten concentration, or by adding glycerol or bacterial cellulose nanofibers. MIP revealed that the foams had mainly an open porosity peaking at 93%. The average pore diameter ranged between 20 and 73 µm; the sample with the highest wheat gluten concentration and no plasticizer had the smallest pores. Immersion tests with limonene revealed that the foams rapidly soaked up the liquid. An especially interesting feature of the low‐wheat‐concentration foams was the “in situ” created soft‐top‐rigid‐bottom foams.magnified image
Micropatterning of Electrospun Polyurethane Fibers Through Control of Surface Topography
Authors: Dempsey David K. , Schwartz Christian J. , Ward Robert S. , Iyer Ananth V. , Parakka James P. , Cosgriff‐Hernandez Elizabeth M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA novel technique was developed to control the deposition of electrospun polyurethane fibers using a silicone collector substrate patterned with soft lithography. This method can be used to control selective fiber deposition with broad pattern dimensions (50–500 µm) over a large area. The combination of ease of use, low cost, tunability, and generation of relatively large fiber mats available with this technique is expected to advance our ability to mimic the orientation and anisotropic properties of native tissues to generate improved tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Morphology and Thermal Stability of Novolac Phenolic Resin/Clay Nanocomposites Prepared via Solution High‐Shear Mixing
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Ye Guozhong , Toghiani Hossein , Pittman Charles U. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPhenolic resin/clay composites were prepared by high‐shear mixing of clay suspended in CH3OH solutions of Novolac resin and curing agent. Pure clay Cloisite Na+ and pillared clays Cloisite 10A, 30B, and Na+Cloisite that was pillared by 3‐hexadecyl‐1‐methylimidazolium bromide were studied. After CH3OH evaporation, Novolac was cured at low temperatures. XRD showed that clay gallery d‐spacings decreased upon solvent evaporation and partial curing. Slight d‐spacing increases were sometimes observed from a partially cured stage to a further cured composite. Na+Cloisite gave the highest nanodispersion, Cloisites 10A and 30B the lowest. TGA revealed that Na+ clay or organoclay incorporation in partially cured and cured composites did not improve the thermal stability of Novolac.magnified image
High Solids Content, Soap‐Free, Film‐Forming Latexes Stabilized by Laponite Clay Platelets
Authors: Bourgeat‐Lami Elodie , Guimarães Thiago Rodrigues , Pereira Ana Maria Cenacchi , Alves Gizelda Maria , Moreira José Carlos , Putaux Jean‐Luc , dos Santos Amilton Martins 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHigh solids content film‐forming poly[styrene‐co‐(n‐butyl acrylate)] [poly(Sty‐co‐BuA)] latexes armored with Laponite clay platelets have been synthesized by soap‐free emulsion copolymerization of styrene and n‐butyl acrylate. The polymerizations were performed in batch in the presence of Laponite and a methyl ether acrylate‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol) macromonomer in order to promote polymer/clay association. The overall polymerization kinetics showed a pronounced effect of clay on nucleation and stabilization of the latex particles. Cryo‐transmission electron microscopy observation confirmed the armored morphology and indicated that the majority of Laponite platelets were located at the particle surface. The resulting nanostructured films displayed enhanced mechanical properties.magnified image
Thermoprecipitation of Glutathione S‐Transferase by Glutathione–Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Prepared by RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Chang Chien‐Wen , Nguyen Thi H. , Maynard Heather D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHerein, we report an effective and rapid method to purify glutathione S‐transferase (GST) using glutathione (GSH)‐modified poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) and mild, thermal conditions. A chain transfer agent modified with pyridyl disulfide was employed in the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of NIPAAm. The resulting polymer had a narrow molecular weight distribution (polydispersity index = 1.21). Conjugation of GSH to the pyridyl disulfide–pNIPAAm reached 95% within 30 min as determined by UV–Vis monitoring of the release of pyridine‐2‐thione. GST was successfully thermoprecipitated upon heating the GSH–pNIPAAm above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The pull down assay was repeated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and T4 lysozyme (T4L), which demonstrated the specificity of the polymer for GST. Due to its simplicity and high efficiency, this method holds great potential for large‐scale purification of GST‐tagged proteins.magnified image
Glycolaldehyde‐modified β‐lactoglobulin AGEs are unable to stimulate inflammatory signaling pathways in RAGE‐expressing human cell lines
Authors: Buetler Timo M. , Latado Hélia , Leclerc Estelle , Weigle Bernd , Baumeyer Alexandra , Heizmann Claus W. , Scholz Gabriele 
Published: August 2010

AbstractScope: Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are suspected to stimulate inflammatory signaling pathways in target tissues via activation of the receptor for AGEs. Endotoxins are generally recognized as potential contamination of AGE preparations and stimulate biological actions that are very similar as or identical to those induced by AGEs.Methods and results: In our study, we used glycolaldehyde‐modified β‐lactoglobulin preparations as model AGEs and employed two methods to remove endotoxin using either affinity columns or extraction with Triton X‐114 (TX‐114). Affinity column‐purified AGEs retained their ability to stimulate inflammatory signaling as measured by mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in the human lung epithelial cell line Beas2b. However, glycolaldehyde‐modified AGEs purified by extraction with TX‐114 did not show any stimulation of mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines. The presence of a cell stimulating endotoxin‐like activity was demonstrated in the detergent phase after extraction with TX‐114, thus indicating that not AGEs but a lipophilic contamination was responsible for the stimulation of inflammatory signaling.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that glycolaldehyde‐modified AGEs are unable to induce inflammatory signaling in receptor for AGE‐expressing cells. The observed cell‐activating activity can be ascribed to an endotoxin‐like lipophilic contamination present in AGE preparations and affinity column purification was insufficient to remove this contamination.
Temporal resolution and SNR requirements for accurate DCE‐MRI data analysis using the AATH model
Authors: Kershaw Lucy E. , Cheng Hai‐Ling Margaret 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI has been used in conjunction with tracer kinetics modeling in a wide range of tissues for treatment monitoring, oncology drug development, and investigation of disease processes. Accurate measurement of model parameters relies on acquiring data with high temporal resolution and low noise, particularly for models with large numbers of free parameters, such as the adiabatic approximation to the tissue homogeneity model for separate measurements of blood flow and vessel permeability. In this simulation study, accuracy of the adiabatic approximation to the tissue homogeneity model was investigated, examining the effects of temporal resolution, noise levels, and error in the measured arterial input function. A temporal resolution of 1.5 s and high SNR (noise sd = 0.05) were found to ensure minimal bias (<5%) in all four model parameters (extraction fraction, blood flow, mean transit time, and extravascular extracellular volume), and the sampling interval can be relaxed to 6 s, if the transit time need not be measured accurately (bias becomes >10%). A 10% error in the measured height of the arterial input function first pass peak resulted in an error of at most 10% in each model parameter. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dependence of blood R2 relaxivity on CPMG echo‐spacing at 2.35 and 7 T
Authors: Gardener Alexander G. , Francis Susan T. , Prior Malcolm , Peters Andrew , Gowland Penny A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe transverse relaxation rate (R2) of fresh human blood has been investigated at high and ultrahigh field, to characterize the R2 dependency on blood sample oxygenation, hematocrit, and Carr‐Purcell Meiboom‐Gill sequence inter‐echo spacing. Data were fitted to chemical exchange and diffusion models to assess their performance at different field strengths. The diffusion model gave a slightly superior fit at both field strengths, but the difference is unlikely to be relevant for the signal to noise ratio achieved in most in vivo experiments. Fitted model parameters were similar to those found in literature. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tat acetylation regulates its actions on microtubule dynamics and apoptosis in T lymphocytes
Authors: Huo Lihong , Li Dengwen , Sun Lei , Liu Min , Shi Xingjuan , Sun Xiaoou , Li Jingyu , Dong Bin , Dong Xin , Zhou Jun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe transactivator protein Tat of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) is known to suppress microtubule dynamics and thereby trigger apoptosis in T lymphocytes. These actions of Tat constitute one of the major mechanisms for the massive destruction of T lymphocytes associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Herein, we show that Tat acetylation at lysine‐28 (K28) enhances its interaction with microtubules and increases its activity to promote microtubule assembly, by lowering the critical concentration of tubulin for polymerization into microtubules. In addition, K28 acetylation enhances the ability of Tat to stabilize microtubules, leading to increased apoptosis in T lymphocytes. Our data further reveal that Tat acetylation at K28 stimulates its activity to induce the translocation of Bim, a pro‐apoptotic protein of the Bcl‐2 family, from microtubules to mitochondria. These findings provide the first evidence that Tat acetylation regulates its actions on microtubule dynamics and apoptosis, in addition to the regulation of its transactivation activity. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HCMV seroprevalence and associated risk factors in pregnant women, Havana City, 2007 to 2008
Authors: Correa C. B. , Kourí V. , Verdasquera D. , Martínez P. A. , Alvarez A. , Alemán Y. , Pérez L. , Viera J. , González R. , Pérez E. , Moro I. , Navarro M. A. , Melin P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo prenatally identify pregnant women at risk of developing congenital infection due to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV).MethodsOne thousand one hundred and thirty‐one pregnant women from three municipalities from Havana City were serologically screened for HCMV infection (IgM/IgG, IgG avidity) from January 2007 to January 2008. Demographical, epidemiological, and clinical variables were correlated to serologic status to identify predictors of seroconversion in pregnancy.ResultsThe majority of women were seropositive to HCMV (92.6%); 27 women (2.4%) developed HCMV active infection during pregnancy, defined by the detection of IgG+ and IgM+ (7 women), IgM+ and IgG− (2 women), and IgG seroconversion (18 women). Susceptibility of active HCMV infection during pregnancy was associated with maternal age < 20 years and nulligravidity. Primary infection was detected in 20 pregnant women (1.8%), whereas 7 patients (0.6%) had active non‐primary infection.ConclusionAlthough pregnant women in Cuba have high seroprevalence rates for HCMV, those younger than 20 years and nulligravidae are at risk of acquiring infection during pregnancy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Type 1, tents, take‐aways and toilets: how to manage at a music festival
Authors: Charlton J , Mackay L 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMaintaining optimal glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes is challenging. Attending a weekend music festival encompasses lifestyle activities that increase the challenge. These include: increased exercise, and changes in eating and alcohol consumption. The practicalities of blood glucose monitoring and insulin injections are also a consideration.The aim of this project was to identify realistic problems for people with type 1 diabetes attending a music festival, and to review current written advice and available literature in order to provide relevant information.No literature was identified. Fifty people with type 1 diabetes aged 18–40 years were randomly selected and sent a questionnaire enquiring about experiences.Thirteen responded (26%). The mean duration of diabetes was 11.7 years (range 1.5–28 years). All 13 respondents had attended a music festival; of these, 46% had attended one for the first time. Some of the concerns included: hypoglycaemia (31%), lack of food (23%), losing insulin and equipment (23%), and maintaining blood glucose levels (23%). Anxieties regarding hypoglycaemia resulted in 38% running blood glucose levels higher than normal. Thirty‐eight percent experienced hypoglycaemia, the reasons being: increased activity (38%), eating less carbohydrate (8%), and reduced blood glucose testing (8%). Twenty‐three percent attended the first aid tent: 15% regarding injections and 8% for non‐diabetic reasons.An information leaflet regarding managing diabetes when attending a festival has been designed which includes feedback and tips from patients. The leaflet was evaluated by 50 people with type 1 diabetes, and 20 health care professionals.Currently, negotiations are underway with Diabetes UK, T in the Park festival organisers and the St Andrew's Ambulance Service to have an advice stand at the festival. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Efficacy of a staged diabetes management programme in achieving glycaemic goal in a low socio‐economic Hispanic population
Authors: Beale EO , Lee WA , Chan LS 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the efficacy of a staged diabetes management (SDM) clinic serving a low socio‐economic Hispanic population in achieving glycaemic goal.We analysed prospectively collected data from patients discharged from the clinic in 2008 with an admission HbA1c >8% (64mmol/mol) and >one clinic visit. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were determined for factors significantly associated with glycaemic goal achievement.Both those patients who achieved the clinic HbA1c goal of ≤8% (n=277) and those who did not (n=209) had a clinically significant decrease in HbA1c (‐3.13±1.80, ‐1.08±1.78). After adjustment, the following were associated with failure to achieve goal: higher admission HbA1c (%) 11.0±1.8 vs 10.3±1.7, AOR (95% CI) 1.22 (1.08, 1.37), p=0.0016; higher admission insulin (IU/kg/day) 0.56±0.58 vs 0.26±0.41, AOR 2.08 (1.09, 4.00), p=0.026; greater increase in insulin (IU/kg/day) 0.23±0.46 vs 0.09±0.32, AOR 2.38 (1.15, 5.00), p=0.02; and a longer stay (days) 229±110 vs 172±84, AOR 1.007 (1.003, 1.012), p=0.0008.In this SDM clinic, most patients achieved significant reduction in HbA1c. The study identified factors associated with a lower likelihood of achieving goal thereby demonstrating the value of review of the response to an SDM protocol in indicating areas for further improvement. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Polymerization of ε‐caprolactone on calcium alkoxide‐functionalized silica substrates
Authors: Khan Javaid H , Schue Francois , George Graeme A 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBiodegradable composite materials free from toxic initiator residues have been prepared using calcium alkoxides bound to silica. Polycaprolactone with low polydispersity was synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone at 100 °C on a calcium alkoxide‐functionalized silica substrate prepared by the grafting of a hydrolysed epoxy silane onto silica gel, followed by reaction with calcium hydride. The polymerization was also initiated by the product of the direct reaction of calcium hydride with unfunctionalized silanol groups. Characterization of the reaction products and the real‐time reaction kinetics using Raman spectroscopy suggests a living coordination–insertion mechanism. There is a difference in reactivity of a factor ofca7 between the calcium alkoxide formed on the silanized and unsilanized silica surface, resulting in a monomer conversion of 90% in 100 h for the silanized silica compared to only 30% for the unsilanized silica. The degree of grafting ranges from a maximum of 30% for the silanized surface to 10% for the unsilanized silica alone. There is evidence for cyclic transesterification products, and release of the polymer from the silica occurs in this way and also by adventitious hydrolysis. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry