bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The binding energy distribution of H2S: why it is not the major sulphur reservoir of the interstellar ices
Authors: Bariosco Vittorio , Pantaleone Stefano , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Rimola Albert , Balucani Nadia , Corno Marta , Ugliengo Piero 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Despite hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has been predicted to be the major reservoir of S-bearing species on the icy mantles of interstellar grains, no solid H2S has been detected so far. A crucial parameter that governs whether or not a species remains frozen on to the grain mantles is its binding energy (BE). We present a new computational study of the H2S BE on a large amorphous water ice surface, constituted by 200 water molecules. The resulting H2S BE distribution ranges from 57 K (0.5 kJ mol−1) to 2406 K (20.0 kJ mol−1), with the average μ = 984 K (8.2 kJ mol−1). We discuss the reasons why the low bound of the newly computed BE distribution, which testifies to the very weak interaction of H2S with the ice surface, has never been found by previous theoretical or experimental works before. In addition, the low H2S BEs may also explain why frozen H2S is not detected in interstellar ices. Following previous molecular dynamics studies that show that the energy of reactions occurring on ice surfaces is quickly absorbed by the water molecules of the ice and conservatively assuming that 10 per cent of the HS + H → H2S formation energy (−369.5 kJ mol−1) is left to the newly formed H2S, its energy is more than twice the largest BE and five times the average BE and, hence, H2S will most likely leave the water surface.
General multipoles and their implications for dark matter inference
Authors: Cohen Jacob S , Fassnacht Christopher D , O’Riordan Conor M , Vegetti Simona 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The flux ratios of strongly lensed quasars have previously been used to infer the properties of dark matter. In these analyses, it is crucial to separate the effect of the main lensing galaxy and the low-mass dark matter halo population. In this work, we investigate flux-ratio perturbations resulting from general third- and fourth-order multipole perturbations to the main lensing galaxy’s mass profile. We simulate four lens systems, each with a different lensing configuration, without multipoles. The simulated flux ratios are perturbed by 10–40 per cent by a population of low-mass haloes consistent with cold dark matter and, in one case, also a satellite galaxy. This level of perturbation is comparable to the magnitude of flux-ratio anomalies in real data that has been previously analysed. We then attempt to fit the simulated systems using multipoles instead of low-mass haloes. We find that multipoles with amplitudes of 0.01 or less can produce flux-ratio perturbations in excess of 40 per cent. In all cases, third- or fourth-order multipoles can individually reduce the magnitude of, if not eliminate, flux-ratio anomalies. When both multipole orders are jointly included, all simulated flux ratios can be fit to within the observational uncertainty. Our results indicate that low-mass haloes and multipoles are highly degenerate when modelling quadruply imaged quasars based just on image positions and flux ratios. In the presence of this degeneracy, flux-ratio anomalies in lensed quasars alone cannot be used to place strong constraints on the properties of dark matter without additional information that can inform our priors.
Prospects for the observation of continuous gravitational waves from deformed fast-spinning white dwarfs
Authors: Sousa Manoel F , Otoniel Edson , Coelho Jaziel G , de Araujo José C N 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
There has been a growing interest within the astrophysics community in highly magnetized and fast-spinning white dwarfs (WDs), commonly referred to as HMWDs. WDs with these characteristics are quite uncommon and possess magnetic fields ≥106 G, along with short rotation periods ranging from seconds to just a few minutes. Based on our previous work, we analyse the emission of Gravitational Waves (GWs) in HMWDs through two mechanisms: matter accretion and magnetic deformation, which arise due to the asymmetry surrounding the star’s rotational axis. Here, we perform a thorough self-consistent analysis, accounting for rotation and employing a realistic equation of state to investigate the stability of stars. Our investigation focuses on the emission of gravitational radiation from six rapidly spinning WDs: five of them are situated within binary systems, while one is an AXP, proposed as a magnetic accreting WD. Furthermore, we apply the matter accretion mechanism alongside the magnetic deformation mechanism to assess the influence of one process on the other. Our discoveries indicate that these WDs could potentially act as GW sources for BBO and DECIGO, depending on specific parameters, such as their mass, the angle (α) between the magnetic and rotational axes, and the accumulated mass (δm) at their magnetic poles, which is influenced by the effect of matter accretion. However, detecting this particular class of stars using the LISA and TianQin space detectors seems unlikely due to the challenging combination of parameters such as a large δm, a large α angle and a small WD mass value.
A dusty rain falls on the nova V959 Monocerotis
Authors: Evans A , Banerjee D P K , Varricatt W P , Joshi V 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We present archival and ground-based infrared observations of the γ-ray-emitting nova V959 Mon, covering the period 100–4205 d after the 2012 eruption. We use these data to determine that the secondary in the nova system is a G5 main sequence star. Data from the NEOWISE survey reveal a significant increase in the emission at 3.4 and 4.6 $\, \mu$m at late (≳600 d) times, which we interpret as emission by dust. Other interpretations are considered but cannot be reconciled with the data. The presence of such late dust emission, and in particular its variation with time, are unprecedented in the context of novae. The behaviour of the dust emission suggests a qualitative interpretation in which ejecta from the 2012 eruption encounter denser pre-eruption circumbinary material, giving rise to Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities that cause clumps of dust-bearing material to fall back towards the central binary, the dust undergoing destruction by chemisputtering as it does so. The observed rise in the dust temperature, the decline in the nova-dust distance, and in the dust mass are consistent with this interpretation. Not all novae are expected to show this behaviour, but inspection of resources such as NEOWISE might reveal other novae post-eruption that do.
Three-body binary formation in clusters: analytical theory
Authors: Ginat Yonadav Barry , Perets Hagai B 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Binary formation in clusters through triple encounters between three unbound stars, ‘three-body’ binary formation, is one of the main dynamical formation processes of binary systems in dense environments. In this paper, we use an analytical probabilistic approach to study the process for the equal mass case and calculate a probability distribution for the orbital parameters of three-body-formed binaries, as well as their formation rate. For the first time, we give closed-form analytical expressions to the full orbital parameter distribution, accounting for both energy and angular momentum conservation. This calculation relies on the sensitive dependence of the outcomes of three-body scatterings on the initial conditions: here we compute the rate of three-body binaries from ergodic interactions, which allow for an analytical derivation of the distribution of orbital parameters of the binaries thus created. We find that soft binaries are highly favoured in this process and that these binaries have a superthermal eccentricity distribution, while the few hard three-body binaries have an eccentricity distribution much closer to thermal. The analytical results predict and reproduce simulation results of three-body scattering experiments in the literature well.
The impact of nuclear reactions on the neutron-star g-mode spectrum
Authors: Counsell A R , Gittins F , Andersson N 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Mature neutron stars are expected to exhibit gravity g modes due to stratification caused by a varying matter composition. These modes are affected by nuclear reactions, leading to complex (damped) mode frequencies and the suppression of high-order g modes. This is in contrast with the common non-dissipative analysis which leads to an infinite g-mode spectrum. Focusing on the transition between the fast- and slow-reaction regimes, we examine the precise impact of nuclear reactions on the g-mode spectrum. The general framework for the analysis is presented along with sample numerical results for a matter model based on the BSk21 equation of state with a suitable parametrization for the reaction rates.
X-ray signatures of galactic outflows into the circumgalactic medium
Authors: Jana Ranita , Sarkar Kartick C , Stern Jonathan , Sternberg Amiel 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a set of controlled hydrodynamical simulations to study the effects of strong galactic outflows on the density and temperature structures, and associated X-ray signatures, of extra-planar and circumgalactic gas. We consider three initial state models, isothermal, isentropic, and rotating cooling-flow, for the hot circumgalactic medium (CGM) into which the outflows are driven. The energy sources are either stellar winds and supernovae, or active galactic nuclei. We consider energy injection rates in the range $10^{40} \lt \dot{E}_{\rm inj} \lt 10^{44.5}$ erg s−1, and compute the time-dependent soft X-ray (0.5–2 keV) surface brightness. For $\dot{E}_{\rm inj} \gtrsim 10^{41} {\small --} 10^{42}$ erg s−1, with the exact threshold depending on the initial CGM state, the X-ray response is dominated by dense hot gas in the forward shock that eventually fades into the CGM as a sound wave. The shock surrounds an inner hot bubble leading to a radial flattening of the X-ray surface brightness. For lower energy injection rates, the X-ray surface brightness of the initial CGM state is almost unaffected. We present analytical approximations for the outflow shock propagation and the associated X-ray emissions.
Did the Gaia Enceladus/Sausage merger form the Milky Way’s bar?
Authors: Merrow Alex , Grand Robert J J , Fragkoudi Francesca , Martig Marie 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The Milky Way’s last significant merger, the Gaia Enceladus/Sausage (GES), is thought to have taken place between $8\hbox{ and }11\, \mathrm{Gyr}$ ago. Recent studies in the literature suggest that the bar of the Milky Way is rather old, indicating that it formed at a similar epoch to the GES merger. We investigate the possible link between these events using one of the Auriga cosmological simulations that has salient features in common with the Milky Way, including a last significant merger with kinematic signatures resembling that of the GES. In this simulation, the GES-like merger event triggers tidal forces on the disc, gas inflows, and a burst of star formation, with the formation of a bar occurring within $1\, \mathrm{Gyr}$ of the first pericentre. To highlight the effects of the merger, we rerun the simulation from z = 4 with the progenitors of the GES-like galaxy removed well before the merger time. The consequence is a delay in bar formation by around $2\, \mathrm{Gyr}$, and this new bar forms without any significant external perturbers. We conclude that this Milky Way-like simulation shows a route to the real Milky Way’s bar forming around the epoch of the GES merger due to tidal forces on its first pericentre. We explore all Auriga galaxies with GES-like merger events, and find that those with stellar mass ratios below $10{{\, \rm per\, cent}}$ form bars within $1\, \mathrm{Gyr}$ of the merger, while bar formation is delayed in the more massive merger scenarios. These include the four oldest bars in the simulation suite. Lastly, we note some later morphological differences between the disc of the original simulation and our rerun, in particular that the latter does not grow radially for the final $7\, \mathrm{Gyr}$. Our study suggests that the GES may therefore be responsible for the formation of the Milky Way’s bar, as well as for the build-up of its extended disc.
Multicolour photometry of LEO mega-constellations Starlink and OneWeb
Authors: Zhi Hui , Jiang Xiaojun , Wang Jianfeng 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The development of low earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellation fundamentally threatens ground-based optical astronomical observations. To study the photometric properties of the LEO mega-constellations, we used the Xinglong 50 cm telescope to conduct a large-sample, high-precision, and multicolour target-tracking photometry of two typical LEO mega-constellations: Starlink and OneWeb. Over a three-month observation period starting on 2022 January 1, we collected 1447 light curves of 404 satellites in four typical versions: Starlink v1.0, DarkSat, VisorSat, Starlink v1.5, and OneWeb. According to data statistics, Starlink v1.0 has the smallest median magnitude at clear and Sloan Digital Sky Survey gri band, and OneWeb is the dimmest bus. The brightness of Starlink v1.5 is slightly brighter than VisorSat. We construct a detailed photometric model with solar phase angle variations by calculating the illumination-visibility geometry based on the orbital parameters. Our data analysis shows that the solar phase angle is the significant characteristic which influencing Starlink satellites’ brightness, but it is not sensitive to OneWeb satellites. VisorSat and Starlink v1.5 versions, which are equipped with deployable visors, have significantly reduced scattered light compared to the previous Starlink v1.0 version. The multiband LOWESS and colour index are analysed in characterizing the energy and colour features of LEO mega-constellation satellites. This work found that the proportion of scattered sunlight mitigation achieved with VisorSat and Starlink v1.5 was 55.1 and 40.4 per cent, respectively. The colour index of different buses shows an evident clustering feature. Our observation and analysis could provide valuable quantitative data and photometric models, which can contribute to assessing the impact of LEO mega-constellations on astronomical observations.
Astro-electrochemistry of NH3 clusters and ice: e− trapping, stability, and electron transfer
Authors: Fioroni Marco , Ramabhadran Raghunath O , DeYonker Nathan J 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Quantifying electron trapping and transfer to small molecules is crucial for interfacial chemistry. In an astrochemical context, we study how NH3 clusters in both crystalline and amorphous forms can capture low-energy electrons to form ammoniated electrons. Electron affinities, vertical detachment energies, and vertical attachment energies were computed via ab initio static and dynamics simulations, (DFT, DLPNO-CCSD(T);AIMD), for (NH3)n clusters (n = 4, 5, 6, 8, 14, 23, and 38). Our results indicate that the clusters could trap and stabilize the unpaired electron which is always externally localized on the clusters. Interactions of the ammoniated electron clusters with astrochemically relevant molecules indicate that electron transfer to water and methanol are feasible, forming the radical anions (H2O)−· and (CH3OH)−·. The trapping of electrons by both crystalline and amorphous NH3 ices, and subsequent transfer to small molecules, highlights ‘astro-electrochemical’ reactions, and has implications for both astrochemistry as well as terrestrial cluster science.
The Merian survey: design, construction, and characterization of a filter set optimized to find dwarf galaxies and measure their dark matter halo properties with weak lensing
Authors: Luo Yifei , Leauthaud Alexie , Greene Jenny , Huang Song , Kado-Fong Erin , Danieli Shany , Li Ting S , Li Jiaxuan , Blanco Diana , Wasleske Erik J , Wick Joseph , Mintz Abby , Guan Runquan , Peter Annika H G , Baldassare Vivienne , Brooks Alyson , Banerjee Arka , Bhattacharyya Joy , Cai Zheng , Chen Xinjun , Gunn Jim , Johnson Sean D , Kelvin Lee S , Li Mingyu , Lin Xiaojing , Lupton Robert , Mace Charlie , Medina Gustavo E , Read Justin , Rosado Rodrigo Córdova , Seifert Allen 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The Merian survey is mapping ∼ 850 deg2 of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Strategic Survey Program (HSC-SSP) wide layer with two medium-band filters on the 4-m Victor M. Blanco telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, with the goal of carrying the first high signal-to-noise (S/N) measurements of weak gravitational lensing around dwarf galaxies. This paper presents the design of the Merian filter set: N708 (λc = 7080 Å, Δλ = 275 Å) and N540 (λc = 5400 Å, Δλ = 210 Å). The central wavelengths and filter widths of N708 and N540 were designed to detect the $\rm H\alpha$ and $\rm [OIII]$ emission lines of galaxies in the mass range $8\lt \rm \log M_*/M_\odot \lt 9$ by comparing Merian fluxes with HSC broad-band fluxes. Our filter design takes into account the weak lensing S/N and photometric redshift performance. Our simulations predict that Merian will yield a sample of ∼ 85 000 star-forming dwarf galaxies with a photometric redshift accuracy of σΔz/(1 + z) ∼ 0.01 and an outlier fraction of $\eta =2.8~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ over the redshift range 0.058 &lt; z &lt; 0.10. With 60 full nights on the Blanco/Dark Energy Camera (DECam), the Merian survey is predicted to measure the average weak lensing profile around dwarf galaxies with lensing S/N ∼32 within r &lt; 0.5 Mpc and lensing S/N ∼90 within r &lt; 1.0 Mpc. This unprecedented sample of star-forming dwarf galaxies will allow for studies of the interplay between dark matter and stellar feedback and their roles in the evolution of dwarf galaxies.
In vivo effect of vaginal seminal plasma application on the human endometrial transcriptome: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Catalini Laura , Burton Mark , Egeberg Dorte L , Eskildsen Tilde V , Thomassen Mads , Fedder Jens 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Studies in humans and animals suggest that seminal plasma, the acellular seminal fluid component, stimulates the endometrium to promote immune tolerance and facilitate implantation. We designed a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to investigate changes in the endometrial transcriptomic profile after vaginal application of seminal plasma. The study participants were randomized into two groups. Five women received a vaginal application of seminal plasma, and four received a placebo application with saline solution. The application was performed 2 days after HCG-triggered ovulation in an unstimulated cycle. After 5–8 days, an endometrial biopsy was collected to analyze differences in the endometrial transcriptomic profile using microarray analyses. A differential gene expression analysis and a gene set analysis were performed. The gene set enrichment analysis showed a positive enrichment of pathways associated with the immune response, cell viability, proliferation, and cellular movement. Moreover, pathways involved in implantation, embryo development, oocyte maturation, and angiogenesis were positively enriched. The differential gene expression analysis, after adjusting for multiple testing, showed no significantly differentially expressed genes between the two groups. A comparative analysis was also performed with similar studies conducted in other animals or in vitro using human endometrial cells. The comparative analysis showed that the effect of seminal plasma effect on the endometrium is similar in pigs, mice, and in vitro human endometrial cells. The present study provides evidence that seminal plasma might impact the endometrium during the implantation window, with potential to affect endometrial receptivity and embryo development.
Highly biased sex ratios in the twelve species of the freshwater snail genus Semisulcospira in and around Lake Biwa
Authors: Hamazaki Kanta , Miura Osamu 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The sex ratio is nearly equal in most organisms, while several ecological and evolutionary factors skew the sex ratio. We evaluated the sex ratios of 12 species in the freshwater snail genus Semisulcospira in and around Lake Biwa. We found highly female-biased sex ratios in all 12 species. The sex ratios were nearly equal or slightly female-biased in the smaller shell-size classes, while they were highly female-biased in the larger size classes. We also found that females were significantly larger in most of these species. Further, the species with a larger size difference between the sexes tended to exhibit a more female-biased sex ratio. Considering the general correlation between shell size and age, this pattern can be explained by longer lifespans in females, shaping the observed female-biased sex ratios. We also found that some Semisulcospira species showed female-biased sex ratios in all shell size classes. This pattern suggests that the distinct longevity hypothesis can not solely explain the observed biased sex ratios. We discussed the possible contributions of the sampling errors and selfish genetic elements to the observed biased sex ratios. This study provides essential information to disentangle the mechanisms of the biased sex ratio in the Semisulcospira snails.
Assessing the reporting quality of pediatric neuro-oncology protocols, abstracts, and trials: Adherence to the SPIRIT and CONSORT statements
Authors: Suppree Joshua S , Hart Sophia , Keshwara Sumirat M , Trichinopoly Krishna Sandhya , Gillespie Conor S , Richardson George E , Mustafa Mohammad A , Mallucci Conor L , Pizer Barry , Hayden James , Islim Abdurrahman I , Jenkinson Michael D , Millward Christopher P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
It is of vital importance to comprehensively and transparently report clinical trial activity. The SPIRIT 2013 and CONSORT 2010 statements exist to define items to be reported in clinical trial protocols and randomized controlled trials, respectively. The aim of this methodological review was to assess the reporting quality of pediatric neuro-oncology trial protocols and trial result articles.

Methods
Published trial protocols and phase II/III trial result articles relating to pediatric brain tumors (published after the introduction of the SPIRIT 2013 statement), were identified through searches of 4 electronic bibliographic databases. The reporting quality of included trial protocols and result articles was assessed against the aforementioned statements. In addition, the CONSORT-A checklist was used to assess the abstracts of trial result articles. Percentage adherence was calculated for each article.

Results
Nine trial protocols, 68 phase II trials, and 8 phase III trial result articles were included. Mean adherence of trial protocols to the SPIRIT statement was 76.8% (SD: 0.09). Mean adherence of trial abstracts to CONSORT-A was 67.4% (SD: 0.13) for phase II abstracts and 47.5% (SD: 0.09) for phase III abstracts. Adherence of trial result articles to CONSORT was 71.3% (SD: 0.10) for phase II trials and 70.3% (SD: 0.13) for phase III trials.

Conclusions
The reporting quality of pediatric neuro-oncology trial protocols and trial result articles requires improvement, particularly in the areas of randomization and blinding. This is consistent with our previously published findings following similar assessment of reporting quality for adult neuro-oncology trial protocols and result articles.