bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing prey fields in humpback whale foraging areas of southern British Columbia
Authors: Reidy Rhonda D. , Ens Nicholas , Gauthier Stéphane , Towers Jared R. , Cowen Laura L.E. , Juanes Francis 
Published: June 2024

Humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae) use southern British Columbia waters to feed, but the type and quantity of prey in many areas used for feeding is unknown. We conducted active acoustic prey mapping in 55 small grid-surveys in two regions off Vancouver Island. We quantitatively compared fish and zooplankton-dominated biomass in known feeding areas with and without foraging humpback whales, and qualitatively described the prey characteristics of the foraged areas. Surveys of the water column suggest that, on average, humpback whale foraging was associated more with increased zooplankton than fish biomass. Prey characteristics varied between the two regions (∼500 km apart), but there was no significant difference in mean backscatter strength in the actively foraged areas between the two regions. Frequency differencing discriminated between the dominant taxa in the water column, but potential epipelagic prey (<10 m) would have been omitted from analysis. However, average depth at the maximum acoustic prey detections was significantly deeper when whales were present (84 m) versus absent (60 m), suggesting predominantly subsurface foraging opportunities suitable to prey mapping.
The Toxic Cost of Cheap Usernames: Re-Applying Friedman and Resnick's Framework in Competitive Video Game Networks
Authors: Chen Sarah 
Published: June 2024

Toxicity in video games, acting in a rude, abusive, bullying, or deliberately losing manner, ruins competitive team-based video game experiences for everyone involved. Companies are experimenting with the detection, regulation, and bans of toxic players. Regulation attempts are foiled by the ease with which players can switch accounts by creating new profiles to evade consequences.
This article applies the framework of Friedman and Resnick (2001), “The Social Cost of Cheap Pseudonyms”, to address the reputational and repetition cost of online pseudonyms in the niche environment of video game toxicity. Four potential solutions are discussed in the context of modern video game regulation: resource-intensive account set-up, paid dues, real-world identification, and a once-in-a-lifetime identification system that creates a permanent, traceable record of toxicity. The article covers the strengths, weaknesses, feasibility, implementation challenges, and player impact of the potential implementation of these solutions in video game networks.
A Deep Learning Model for Cancer Type Prediction Sets a New Standard
Authors: Garg Salil 
Published: June 2024

Summary:Classifying tumor types using machine learning approaches is not always trivial, particularly for challenging cases such as cancers of unknown primary. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Darmofal and colleagues describe a new tool that uses information from a clinical sequencing panel to diagnose tumor type, and show that the model is particularly robust.See related article by Darmofal et al., p. 1064 (1).
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ КОМПОЗИЦІЇ НАНОЧАСТИНОК МЕТАЛІВ ДЛЯ КОРЕКЦІЇ СИНДРОМУ ЕНДОГЕННОЇ ІНТОКСИКАЦІЇ ПРИ ІНДУКОВАНОМУ КАНЦЕРОГЕНЕЗІ НА ТЛІ ІШЕМІЧНОГО УРАЖЕННЯ МІОКАРДА
Authors: Крамар С. Б. , Андрійчук І. Я. , Сорока Ю. В. , Ярошенко Т. Я. , Небесна З. М. , Лісничук Н. Є. 
Published: June 2024

Вступ. Синдром ендогенної інтоксикації – неспецифічний стан, характерний при перебізі багатьох захворювань, зокрема онкологічних та серцево-судинних. Зважаючи на численні позитивні властивості наноматеріалів у корекції патологічних процесів, доцільно дослідити їх вплив на параметри ендотоксемії та здатність нанометалів працювати у формі композиції.
Мета дослідження – встановити ефект композиції наночастинок металів Au/Ag/Fe на показники ендотоксемії при індукованому канцерогенезі на тлі ішемічного ураження міокарда.
Методи дослідження. Дослідження виконано на 50 білих безпородних щурах-самцях, яких було поділено на п’ять груп: 1-ша – інтактні; 2-га – щури зі змодельованим ішемічним ураженням міокарда; 3-тя – тварини зі змодельованим ішемічним ураженням міокарда, яким вводили композицію наночастинок металів Au/Ag/Fe; 4-та – щури зі змодельованим канцерогенезом на тлі ішемічного ураження міокарда; 5-та – тварини зі змодельованим канцерогенезом на тлі ішемічного ураження міокарда, яким вводили композицію наночастинок металів Au/Ag/Fe. Ступінь ендогенної інтоксикації оцінювали за зміною еритроцитарного індексу інтоксикації, вмісту молекул середньої маси (МСМ238, МСМ254, МСМ260, МСМ280) та їх індексів.
Результати й обговорення. За умов поєднаної патології вміст усіх фракцій МСМ сягав свого максимуму порівняно з іншими дослідними групами і достовірно (p<0,001) перевищував аналогічний в інтактних тварин. Застосування композиції наночастинок металів Au/Ag/Fe для корекції синдрому ендогенної інтоксикації при індукованому канцерогенезі на тлі ішемічного ураження міокарда сприяло достовірному зниженню концентрації всіх фракцій МСМ. Так, концентрація МСМ280 у тварин 5-ї дослідної групи знизилась в 1,73 раза (p<0,001) порівняно з аналогічним показником щурів 4-ї групи; МСМ254 – в 1,53 раза (p<0,001); МСМ238 – в 1,73 р??? (p<0,001); ???аза (p<0,001); МСМ260 – в 1,26 раза (p<0,01). Цей ефект може бути пов’язаний з анти­мікробними, протизапальними і пробіотичними властивостями композиції наночастинок металів. Ерит­роцитарний індекс інтоксикації у тварин з подвійною патологією достовірно (p<0,001) перевищував показник норми у 2,65 раза, натомість застосування композиції наночастинок металів Au/Ag/Fe сприяло зниженню цього параметра в 1,29 раза (p<0,001).
Висновки. Застосування композиції наночастинок металів Au/Ag/Fe сприяє статистично значущому зниженню концентрації показників токсичності плазми крові, що покращує загальний стан організму піддослідних тварин з подвійною патологією.
Imbalance of APOB Lipoproteins and Large HDL in Type 1 Diabetes Drives Atherosclerosis
Authors: Kothari Vishal , Ho Tse W.W. , Cabodevilla Ainara G. , He Yi , Kramer Farah , Shimizu-Albergine Masami , Kanter Jenny E. , Snell-Bergeon Janet , Fisher Edward A. , Shao Baohai , Heinecke Jay W. , Wobbrock Jacob O. , Lee Warren L. , Goldberg Ira J. , Vaisar Tomas , Bornfeldt Karin E. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) generally have normal or even higher HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol levels than people without diabetes yet are at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Human HDL is a complex mixture of particles that can vary in cholesterol content by >2-fold. To investigate if specific HDL subspecies contribute to the increased atherosclerosis associated with T1D, we created mouse models of T1D that exhibit human-like HDL subspecies. We also measured HDL subspecies and their association with incident CVD in a cohort of people with T1D.

METHODS:

We generated LDL receptor–deficient (
Ldlr

−/−

) mouse models of T1D expressing human APOA1 (apolipoprotein A1).
Ldlr

−/−

APOA1

Tg

mice exhibited the main human HDL subspecies. We also generated
Ldlr

−/−

APOA1

Tg

T1D mice expressing CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein), which had lower concentrations of large HDL subspecies versus mice not expressing CETP. HDL particle concentrations and sizes and proteins involved in lipoprotein metabolism were measured by calibrated differential ion mobility analysis and targeted mass spectrometry in the mouse models of T1D and in a cohort of individuals with T1D. Endothelial transcytosis was analyzed by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy.

RESULTS:

Diabetic
Ldlr

−/−

APOA1

Tg

mice were severely hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic and had markedly elevated plasma APOB levels versus nondiabetic littermates but were protected from the proatherogenic effects of diabetes. Diabetic
Ldlr

−/−

APOA1

Tg

mice expressing CETP lost the atheroprotective effect and had increased lesion necrotic core areas and APOB accumulation, despite having lower plasma APOB levels. The detrimental effects of low concentrations of larger HDL particles in diabetic mice expressing CETP were not explained by reduced cholesterol efflux. Instead, large HDL was more effective than small HDL in preventing endothelial transcytosis of LDL mediated by scavenger receptor class B type 1. Finally, in humans with T1D, increased concentrations of larger HDL particles relative to APOB100 negatively predicted incident CVD independently of HDL-cholesterol levels.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggest that the balance between APOB lipoproteins and the larger HDL subspecies contributes to atherosclerosis progression and incident CVD in the setting of T1D and that larger HDLs exert atheroprotective effects on endothelial cells rather than by promoting macrophage cholesterol efflux.
When Foreign Countries Push the Button
Authors: Schwartz Joshua A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
How strong are the constraints against nuclear use? Experimental studies find that a majority or near majority of citizens in multiple major powers approve of their own governments’ nuclear strikes if they create military advantages or protect co-national soldiers. But what if the nuclear taboo only begins at the water's edge when individuals evaluate the use of nuclear weapons by a foreign government? Many policymakers believe that the international reaction to nuclear use would be severe, especially among allies. Yet prior studies have not tested this assumption. An identity-based theory of support for nuclear weapons use proposes that this argument is incorrect. The public will display favoritism toward allied and partner countries because it views them as members of the in-group. Four survey experiments in the United States and India provide evidence for this theory. In contrast to many policymakers’ expectations, public approval of nuclear use is not significantly lower for allies or strategic partners than for one's own government. As expected, however, approval is lower for out-groups, such as non-allied and non-partner countries. Absolute support for nuclear attacks is also high, even when it is foreign countries pushing the button. On balance, these findings are inconsistent with the existence of a nuclear taboo or strong non-use norm.
An Increase in Autumn Marine Heatwaves Caused by the Indian Ocean Dipole in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Liang Kunming , Qiu Yun , Lin Xinyu , Lin Wenshu , Ni Xutao , He Yijun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the interannual variability of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Bay of Bengal (BOB) associated with the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) from 1982 to 2021. The results revealed a significant positive correlation at the 95% confidence level between the IOD and MHW days in the central bay at the peak of the IOD in autumn. During positive IOD (pIOD) events, the central bay experienced more MHW days in autumn, with an average increase of 7.4 days. The increased MHW days in the central bay could be primarily attributed to the enhanced net heat flux (TQ), which is 9.7 times the contribution of ocean dynamic processes (horizontal advection + entrainment). The reduced latent heat flux loss and enhanced shortwave radiation due to the anomalous atmospheric low-level high pressure associated with the pIOD account for 63% and 50%, respectively, of the anomalous enhanced TQ, while the longwave radiation and sensible heat flux make smaller contributions of −20% and 7%. In addition, thermocline deepening in the southwestern bay, caused by this anomalous high pressure and associated anticyclonic wind anomalies, favors the occurrence and persistence of MHWs by reducing the mixed-layer cooling rate. In addition to the influence of the IOD, El Niño–Southern Oscillation mainly affects MHWs from winter to the following summer, which confirms the result of a previous study.
The perceptions of nurses and physicians in primary care of rehabilitation for frail older adults
Authors: Törnudd Maria Laitalainen , Peolsson Anneli , Johansson Maria M 
Published: June 2024

Objectives To investigate the perceptions of primary care nurses and physicians of the potential contributions of physiotherapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) in the treatment of frail older persons, as well as the obstacles to, and opportunities for, collaboration. Design A qualitative study. Participants and setting Nurses (n = 9) and physicians (n = 8) in primary care in the county council [14 women (82%)] with experience working with older people. Method Interview study conducted with a semi-structured interview guide. Analyses were carried out with content analysis with an inductive approach. Results The analysis resulted in six categories: knowledge of physiotherapy and occupational therapy interventions; what triggers the need for physiotherapy and occupational therapy?; the availability of rehabilitation interventions; teamwork opportunities and difficulties; motivating the patient; the site of the rehabilitation. Conclusions Close and clear collaboration between nurses and physicians and PTs and OTs is an important factor in ensuring that rehabilitation interventions provide the greatest possible benefit to the patient. Improving communication between different healthcare providers and clarifying the contact routes is a prerequisite for patients to be able to get the rehabilitation they need. More research is needed to determine the best approach to achieving this goal.
Efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy in oral cavity cancer: An eight-year experience at a Portuguese reference center
Authors: Barbosa-Martins João , Rolo Ana , Lima Bárbara , Pereira José Carlos , Araújo Cláudia , Guimarães Jorge , Dinis José , Vieira Cláudia 
Published: June 2024

Background: Induction chemotherapy has been described as an option in locally advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma when the surgical morbidity is expected to be high. This work aimed to evaluate the outcome and safety of induction chemotherapy in this setting. Methods: We performed a retrospective and observational study including patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, treated with induction chemotherapy between January 2010 and December 2018. Outcomes included induction chemotherapy toxicity, treatment response, disease-free survival and overall survival. Results: A total of 108 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients were included. Ninety-six (88.9%) had stage IV disease, while 12 (11.1%) had stage III. Eighty-four patients (80.8%) achieved at least a partial response to induction chemotherapy at clinical evaluation, and 75 (72.1%) at radiological evaluation. Seventy-eight patients have been proposed for subsequent definitive treatments, with no differences obtained in prognosis, when comparing surgical to non-surgical approaches. In patients treated with definitive treatments, improved five-year disease-free survival was obtained if at least a clinical (56.3%; p=0.001) or radiological (52.9%; p=0.001) partial response was achieved after induction chemotherapy. Similarly, superior five-year overall survival was verified for those achieving at least clinical (51.1%; p<0.0001) or radiological (52.6%; p=0.001) partial response. Also, accomplishing a pathologic complete response (n=22.6%) significantly improved disease-free survival (p=0.039) and overall survival (p=0.005). Grade 3 and 4 toxicities were observed in 52 patients (41.8%). Conclusion: Responses to induction chemotherapy predicted prognosis in our population, however important toxicities were observed. Further studies are necessary to identify induction chemotherapy response predictors and subgroups who may benefit from this approach.
Staged Periorbital Reconstruction for Cicatricial Lagophthalmos
Authors: Bueno Scott , Neal Timothy , Sanovich Randy 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Eyelid trauma can present reconstructive challenges for facial surgeons. The authors postulated that treating cicatricial lagophthalmos with protective ptosis in the acute setting prior to definitive grafting could help limit scar contraction. Material and Methods: This is an observation of a patient who benefited from a staged approach to periorbital reconstruction after suffering extensive facial trauma. Informed consent was appropriately obtained from the patient. Results: After treating the periorbital injury in staged fashion, an aesthetically acceptable result was achieved and was well-tolerated by the patient. Discussion: Disruption of the periorbital region, particularly the eyelids, can have severe functional and aesthetic consequences. One such disruption is lagophthalmos. Neurotoxin-induced protective ptosis is a well-known strategy that can be used as the initial treatment in a staged approach to cicatricial lagophthalmos. Conclusion: Treating lagophthalmos with protective ptosis in the acute setting prior to definitive grafting is not only a means of avoiding tarsorrhaphy but also it can allow time for the wound to declare itself and limit scar contraction. In addition, the contralateral eyelid represents both a complimentary skin graft harvest site as well as an opportunity to create a symmetrical repair.
Blending Towards Healthier Lifestyles: The Impact of Regular Fruit and Vegetable Smoothie Consumption on Dietary Patterns and Sustainable Health Behaviors
Authors: Chermon Danyel , Gelman Orel , Birk Ruth 
Published: June 2024

Purpose This research aimed to characterize the nutritional, health and basic sustainability practices among regular smoothies’ consumers (RSC; ≥ 1-2 servings/week for ≥ 2 months). Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Self-report online multiple-choice questionnaire survey of random sample of adults from online retailer database and community. Sample 193 healthy Israeli adults (75.6% females, mean age 40.65 ± 14.36) completed an online multiple-choice validated survey from May 2022 to August 2023. Measures Demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle habits, including physical activity, FV consumption, and sustainability practices. Analysis Data were analyzed using chi-square tests for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney tests for non-normally distributed continuous variables. The level of statistical significance was set at .05. Results RSC were significantly older ( P < .001) and more physically active ( P = .025) than occasional smoothie consumers (OSC). They consumed more FV, reaching nutritional recommendations, and exhibited significant lifestyle changes, including reduced meat ( P = .013) and processed food consumption ( P = .013), and regular meal consumption ( P = .045). RSC used fewer disposables ( P = .002) compared to OSC and non-smoothie consumers ( P = .001). RSC demonstrated a higher incidence of weight reduction compared to weight gain. Conclusion RSC is significantly associated with health and nutritional sustainability.
Interpretable Machine Learning Models Using Peripheral Immune Cells to Predict 90-Day Readmission or Mortality in Acute Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Chen Junming , Yang Liting , Han Jiangchuan , Wang Liang , Wu Tingting , Zhao Dongsheng 
Published: June 2024

Background Acute heart failure (AHF) carries a grave prognosis, marked by high readmission and mortality rates within 90 days post-discharge. This underscores the urgent need for enhanced care transitions, early monitoring, and precise interventions for at-risk individuals during this critical period. Objective Our study aims to develop and validate an interpretable machine learning (ML) model that integrates peripheral immune cell data with conventional clinical markers. Our goal is to accurately predict 90-day readmission or mortality in patients AHF. Methods In our study, we conducted a retrospective analysis on 1210 AHF patients, segregating them into training and external validation cohorts. Patients were categorized based on their 90-day outcomes post-discharge into groups of ‘with readmission/mortality’ and ‘without readmission/mortality’. We developed various ML models using data from peripheral immune cells, traditional clinical indicators, or both, which were then internally validated. The feature importance of the most promising model was examined through the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method, culminating in external validation. Results In our cohort of 1210 patients, 28.4% (344) faced readmission or mortality within 90 days post-discharge. Our study pinpointed 10 significant indicators—spanning peripheral immune cells and traditional clinical metrics—that predict these outcomes, with the support vector machine (SVM) model showing superior performance. SHAP analysis further distilled these predictors to five key determinants, including three clinical indicators and two immune cell types, essential for assessing 90-day readmission or mortality risks. Conclusion Our analysis identified the SVM model, which merges traditional clinical indicators and peripheral immune cells, as the most effective for predicting 90-day readmission or mortality in AHF patients. This innovative approach promises to refine risk assessment and enable more targeted interventions for at-risk individuals through continuous improvement.
Interpretive Methods in Disability Studies: Dyslexia Inflected Inquiry
Authors: Titchkosky Tanya 
Published: June 2024

This article explores how disability studies can take shape as an interpretive method and how disability-perception can influence this. My exploration is organized in relation to the following question: In what ways might attention to dyslexia as an interpretive act inflect social inquiry? I treat interpretive methods as a form of inquiry that attends to the social activity of interpretation itself and I regard dyslexia as part of such activity. A key issue for such inquiry is how to methodically engage appearances as an interpretive encounter: That is, how can we make the taken-for-granted activity of perception as interpretation available for reflection and keep the subject ∞ object chiasma* relation a primary focus? Disability studies is a starting point for such inquiry in at least two ways: (a) it brings to attention the ways in which people interpret disability and (b) it considers how impairment experience itself is an interpretive modality that can momentarily disrupt the normative flow of common-sense, revealing aspects of the act of interpretation, and making it available for reflection. This article will show how the perception of disability as well as disability-perception can be regarded as enacting a “pause” in the everyday flow of common-sense and, thereby, encounter interpretive acts as an occasion for further inquiry. I turn to descriptions of perceptions and experiences of dyslexia as interpretive scenes where the normative order of ordinary interpretation can be revealed. I address various ways that dyslexia is described as a disruption to the normative order of language, especially the written word, print-language, even as the term dyslexia is used as a sense-making-device to reassert the primacy of normative expectations and values in literate-culture. As a sense-making-device imposed from without or as experience that seems to come from within, or as both, the appearance of “dyslexia” serves as a primal scene for uncovering the ways in which the social order of interpretation works. *Chiasma is not a dyslexic rendering of “chasm.” Instead, chiasma refers to the crosswise relation between concepts and structures that rely on each other for their meaning, for example, reading and readers; subject and object.