bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A traumatic fracture in a giant Eocene penguin from Antarctica
Authors: Acosta Hospitaleche Carolina , Perez Leandro M. , Acosta Walter , Reguero Marcelo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA fractured femur of a giant fossil penguin from the Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi Biozone (Late Eocene), Isla Marambio (Seymour Island), Antarctica (La Meseta Formation) is described. Palaeoecological, palaeopathological and taphonomical implications derived from the analysis of the kinds of fractures identified are also discussed. The main fracture has irregular margins, indicating there was collagen in the bone at the time of the impact. In this fracture, a mineral deposit was also identified as a fracture hematoma. According to the antemortem classification of fractures, it was produced by an indirect mechanism, provocating a “butterfly wing” or “third fragment” fracture. The remaining fractures are assigned to times of biostratinomic and fossil diagenesis.
The Effect of Talker and Intonation Variability on Speech Perception in Noise in Children With Dyslexia
Authors: Hazan Valerie , Messaoud-Galusi Souhila , Rosen Stuart 
Published: July 2012

PurposeIn this study, the authors aimed to determine whether children with dyslexia (hereafter referred to as “DYS children”) are more affected than children with average reading ability (hereafter referred to as “AR children”) by talker and intonation variability when perceiving speech in noise.MethodThirty-four DYS and 25 AR children were tested on their perception of consonants in naturally produced CV tokens in multitalker babble. Twelve CVs were presented for identification in four conditions varying in the degree of talker and intonation variability. Consonant place (/bi/-/di/) and voicing (/bi/-/pi/) discrimination were investigated with the same conditions.ResultsDYS children made slightly more identification errors than AR children but only for conditions with variable intonation. Errors were more frequent for a subset of consonants, generally weakly encoded for AR children, for tokens with intonation patterns (steady and rise-fall) that occur infrequently in connected discourse. In discrimination tasks, which have a greater memory and cognitive load, DYS children scored lower than AR children across all conditions.ConclusionsUnusual intonation patterns had a disproportionate (but small) effect on consonant intelligibility in noise for DYS children, but adding talker variability did not. DYS children do not appear to have a general problem in perceiving speech in degraded conditions, which makes it unlikely that they lack robust phonological representations.
Real-Word and Nonword Repetition in Italian-Speaking Children With Specific Language Impairment: A Study of Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Dispaldro Marco , Leonard Laurence B. , Deevy Patricia 
Published: July 2012

Purpose
Using 2 different scoring methods, the authors examined the diagnostic accuracy of both real-word and nonword repetition in identifying Italian-speaking children with and without specific language impairment (SLI).

Method
A total of 34 children ages 3;11–5;8 (years;months) participated—17 children with SLI and 17 typically developing children matched for age (TD–A children). Children completed real-word and nonword repetition tasks. The capacity of real-word and nonword repetition tasks to discriminate children with SLI from TD–A was examined through binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results
Both real-word and nonword repetition showed good (or excellent) sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing children with SLI from their TD peers.

Conclusions
Nonword repetition appears to be a useful diagnostic indicator for Italian, as in other languages. In addition, real-word repetition also holds promise. The contributions of each type of measure are discussed.
Using Different Criteria to Diagnose (Central) Auditory Processing Disorder: How Big a Difference Does It Make?
Authors: Wilson Wayne J. , Arnott Wendy 
Published: July 2012

Purpose
To quantify how 9 different diagnostic criteria affected potential (central) auditory processing disorder ([C]APD) diagnoses in a large sample of children referred for (central) auditory processing ([C]AP) assessment.

Method
A file review was conducted on 150 children (94 boys and 56 girls; ages 7.0–15.6 years) with normal peripheral hearing who had completed a (C)AP assessment involving low-pass filtered speech, competing sentences, 2-pair dichotic digits, and frequency patterns with linguistic and nonlinguistic report. Each child was classified as having or not having (C)APD based on 9 different sets of diagnostic criteria drawn from published technical reports, position statements, and selected research.

Results
The rates of potential (C)APD diagnosis ranged from 7.3% for the strictest criteria to 96.0% for the most lenient criteria.

Conclusions
Until greater consensus is reached, any diagnosis of (C)APD should be qualified by an explicit statement of the criteria used. Calls to abandon the use of (C)APD as a global label should also be supported.
Auditory Brainstem Response to Complex Sounds Predicts Self-Reported Speech-in-Noise Performance
Authors: Anderson Samira , Parbery-Clark Alexandra , White-Schwoch Travis , Kraus Nina 
Published: July 2012

Purpose
To compare the ability of the auditory brainstem response to complex sounds (cABR) to predict subjective ratings of speech understanding in noise on the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ; Gatehouse & Noble, 2004) relative to the predictive ability of the Quick Speech-in-Noise test (QuickSIN; Killion, Niquette, Gudmundsen, Revit, & Banerjee, 2004) and pure-tone hearing thresholds.

Method
Participants included 111 middle- to older-age adults (range = 45–78) with audiometric configurations ranging from normal hearing levels to moderate sensorineural hearing loss. In addition to using audiometric testing, the authors also used such evaluation measures as the QuickSIN, the SSQ, and the cABR.

Results
Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the inclusion of brainstem variables in a model with QuickSIN, hearing thresholds, and age accounted for 30% of the variance in the Speech subtest of the SSQ, compared with significantly less variance (19%) when brainstem variables were not included.

Conclusion
The authors' results demonstrate the cABR’s efficacy for predicting self-reported speech-in-noise perception difficulties. The fact that the cABR predicts more variance in self-reported speech-in-noise (SIN) perception than either the QuickSIN or hearing thresholds indicates that the cABR provides additional insight into an individual’s ability to hear in background noise. In addition, the findings underscore the link between the cABR and hearing in noise.
Near-field focused photoemission from polystyrene microspheres studied with photoemission electron microscopy
Authors: Peppernick Samuel J. , Joly Alan G. , Beck Kenneth M. , Hess Wayne P. 
Published: July 2012

We use photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) to image 3 μm diameter polystyrene spheres supported on a metal thin film illuminated by 400 nm (∼3.1 eV) and 800 nm (∼1.5 eV) femtosecond (fs) laser pulses. Intense photoemission is generated by microspheres even though polystyrene is an insulator and its ionization threshold is well above the photon energies employed. We observe intense photoemission from the far side (the side opposite the incident light) of the illuminated microsphere that is attributed to light focusing within the microsphere. For the case of p-polarized, 800 nm fs laser pulses, we observe photoemission exclusively from the far side of the microsphere and additionally resolve sub-50 nm hot spots in the supporting Pt/Pd thin film that are located only within the focal region of the microsphere. We compare the PEEM images with finite difference time domain (FDTD) electrodynamic simulations to model our experimental results. The FDTD simulations predict light focusing in the microsphere and subsequent interaction with the supporting metal surface that is consistent with the experimental observations.
Similarities of artificial photosystems by ruthenium oxo complexes and native water splitting systems
Authors: Tanaka Koji , Isobe Hiroshi , Yamanaka Shusuke , Yamaguchi Kizashi 
Published: July 2012

The nature of chemical bonds of ruthenium(Ru)–quinine(Q) complexes, mononuclear [Ru(trpy)(3,5-
t
-Bu
2
Q)(OH
2
)](ClO
4
)
2
(trpy = 2,2
′
:6
′
,2
′′
-terpyridine, 3,5-di-
tert
-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone) (
1
), and binuclear [Ru
2
(btpyan)(3,6-di-Bu
2
Q)
2
(OH
2
)]
2+
(btpyan = 1,8-bis(2,2
′
:6
′
,2
′′
-terpyrid-4
′
-yl)anthracene, 3,6-
t
-Bu
2
Q = 3,6-di-
tert
-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone) (
2
), has been investigated by broken-symmetry (BS) hybrid density functional (DFT) methods. BS DFT computations for the Ru complexes have elucidated that the closed-shell structure (
2b
) Ru(II)–Q complex is less stable than the open-shell structure (
2bb
) consisting of Ru(III) and semiquinone (SQ) radical fragments. These computations have also elucidated eight different electronic and spin structures of tetraradical intermediates that may be generated in the course of water splitting reaction. The Heisenberg spin Hamiltonian model for these species has been derived to elucidate six different effective exchange interactions (
J
) for four spin systems. Six
J
values have been determined using total energies of the eight (or seven) BS solutions for different spin configurations. The natural orbital analyses of these BS DFT solutions have also been performed in order to obtain natural orbitals and their occupation numbers, which are useful for the lucid understanding of the nature of chemical bonds of the Ru complexes. Implications of the computational results are discussed in relation to the proposed reaction mechanisms of water splitting reaction in artificial photosynthesis systems and the similarity between artificial and native water splitting systems.
Structural and magnetic properties of Fe2CoGa Heusler nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Changhai , Casper Frederick , Gasi Teuta , Ksenofontov Vadim , Balke Benjamin , Fecher Gerhard H , Felser Claudia , Hwu Yeu-Kuang , Lee Jeu-Jau 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFe2CoGa Heusler nanoparticles are synthesized by a chemical method. The structure and magnetic properties of Fe2CoGa Heusler nanoparticles are investigated by x-ray diffraction, extended x-ray absorption fine structure and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The crystal structure of Fe2CoGa nanoparticles is described by the X-type structure (prototype: Li2AgSb). Magnetic measurements reveal the presence of small Fe2CoGa nanoparticles and lower magnetic moments compared with the theoretically predicted values.
Modelling of time-dependent dielectric barrier breakdown mechanisms in MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Amara-Dababi S , Bea H , Sousa R , Mackay K , Dieny B 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
An investigation of barrier endurance till electrical breakdown in MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is presented. Samples were tested under pulsed electrical stress. By studying the effect of delay between successive pulses, an optimum endurance of MTJs is observed for an intermediate value of delay between pulses corresponding to an optimum trade-off between the average density of charge trapped in the barrier and the amplitude of its time-modulation at each voltage pulse. A charge trapping–detrapping model was developed which shows good coherence with experimental results. The influence of the delay between pulses on the trapped charge density in the tunnel barrier and on its time-modulation is discussed. The average density of trapped charges and its time-modulation are, respectively, responsible for a static and dynamic stress within the tunnel barrier, both leading to breakdown. The probability of breakdown of the MTJ for different applied pulse conditions has been evaluated. The expected endurance of the MTJs was deduced depending on the characteristics of the electrical stress in terms of delay, and unipolarity versus bipolarity. The study emphasizes the role of electron trapping/detrapping mechanisms on the tunnel barrier reliability. It also shows that extremely long endurance could be obtained in MTJs by reducing the density of electron trapping sites in the tunnel barrier.
Study of the high fuelling efficiency features of supersonic molecular beam injection
Authors: Yu D.L. , Chen C.Y. , Yao L.H. , Dong J.Q. , Feng B.B. , Zhou Y. , Shi Z.B. , Zhou J. , Han X.Y. , Zhong W.L. , Cui C.H. , Huang Y. , Cao Z. , Liu Yi , Yan L.W. , Yang Q.W. , Duan X.R. , Liu Yong 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Features of high fuelling efficiency of supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) are studied on the HL-2A tokamak. Normalized by fuelled particle inventory, the D
α
emission induced by SMBI is about 50% higher than that of gas puffing (GP), indicating that a higher percentage of fuel injected by SMBI will enter the plasma. Strong particle convection (inward pinch) is observed with a hydrogen cyanide (HCN) interferometer as the densities from the core and edge channels increase and decrease, respectively, in the post-fuelling phase. In addition, microwave reflectometry indicates that the peak of fuelled density moves inward. By comparing the SMBI pulses with and without electron cyclotron resonance heating, it is identified that the pinch is driven by the enhancement of electron temperature gradient. Higher enhancement (up to twice) of the normalized electron temperature gradient is observed for SMBI than for GP, and this is another mechanism for the higher fuelling efficiency of SMBI.
Fabrication of micro pneumatic valves with double-layer elastic poly(dimethylsiloxane) membranes in rigid poly(methyl methacrylate) microfluidic chips
Authors: Huang Shanshi , He Qiaohong , Hu Xianqiao , Chen Hengwu 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This paper presents a novel method to fabricate a normally open micro pneumatic valve in rigid poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chips. The control and fluid substrates of the valve were prepared with PMMA sheets via hot embossing. After both control and fluid substrates were silanized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and treated with glow discharge plasma, each of them was irreversibly bonded to a plasma-treated PDMS membrane, forming a control half or a fluid half. Relying on the native adhesive force of the PDMS membrane, the control half and fluid half were then reversibly sealed to form a full microchip with the four-layer structure of PMMA-PDMA ⋅  ⋅  ⋅ PDMS-PMMA. The irreversible bonding between rigid PMMA substrate and elastic PDMS membrane in combination with the reversible sealing between the control half and fluid half not only eases the difficulties in chip bonding, but also allows the control half and fluid half to be replaced individually in routine analyses. The performance of the developed micro pneumatic valves was characterized, and potential applications of the valves in droplet generation and micro flow injection analysis were demonstrated.
OmegaPlus: a scalable tool for rapid detection of selective sweeps in whole-genome datasets
Authors: Alachiotis N. , Stamatakis A. , Pavlidis P. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Summary: Recent advances in sequencing technologies have led to the rapid accumulation of molecular sequence data. Analyzing whole-genome data (as obtained from next-generation sequencers) from intra-species samples allows to detect signatures of positive selection along the genome and therefore identify potentially advantageous genes in the course of the evolution of a population.
We introduce OmegaPlus, an open-source tool for rapid detection of selective sweeps in whole-genome data based on linkage disequilibrium. The tool is up to two orders of magnitude faster than existing programs for this purpose and also exhibits up to two orders of magnitude smaller memory requirements.
Availability: OmegaPlus is available under GNU GPL at http://www.exelixis-lab.org/software.html.
Contact: n.alachiotis@gmail.com, pavlidisp@gmail.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
AraPath: a knowledgebase for pathway analysis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lai Liming , Liberzon Arthur , Hennessey Jason , Jiang Gaixin , Qi Jianli , Mesirov Jill P. , Ge Steven X. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Summary: Studying plants using high-throughput genomics technologies is becoming routine, but interpretation of genome-wide expression data in terms of biological pathways remains a challenge, partly due to the lack of pathway databases. To create a knowledgebase for plant pathway analysis, we collected 1683 lists of differentially expressed genes from 397 gene-expression studies, which constitute a molecular signature database of various genetic and environmental perturbations of Arabidopsis. In addition, we extracted 1909 gene sets from various sources such as Gene Ontology, KEGG, AraCyc, Plant Ontology, predicted target genes of microRNAs and transcription factors, and computational gene clusters defined by meta-analysis. With this knowledgebase, we applied Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to an expression profile of cold acclimation and identified expected functional categories and pathways. Our results suggest that the AraPath database can be used to generate specific, testable hypotheses regarding plant molecular pathways from gene expression data.
Availability: http://bioinformatics.sdstate.edu/arapath/
Contact: gexijin@gmail.com
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Progression of left atrial volume index in a population at risk for heart failure: a substudy of the STOP‐HF (St Vincent's Screening TO Prevent Heart Failure) trial
Authors: Collier Patrick , Watson Chris J. , Waterhouse Deidre F. , Dawkins Ian R. , Patle Anil K. , Horgan Stephen , Conlon Carmel M. , O'Hanlon Rory , Baugh John A. , Ledwidge Mark T. , McDonald Kenneth 
Published: July 2012

AimsLimited data are available concerning the evolution of the left atrial volume index (LAVI) in pre‐heart failure (HF) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical characteristics and serological biomarkers in a cohort with risk factors for HF and evidence of serial atrial dilatation.Methods and resultsThis was a prospective substudy within the framework of the STOP‐HF cohort (NCT00921960) involving 518 patients with risk factors for HF electively undergoing serial clinical, echocardiographic, and natriuretic peptide assessment. Mean follow‐up time between assessments was 15 ± 6 months. ‘Progressors’ (n = 39) were defined as those with serial LAVI change ≥3.5 mL/m2 (and baseline LAVI between 20 and 34 mL/m2). This cut‐off was derived from a calculated reference change value above the biological, analytical, and observer variability of serial LAVI measurement. Multivariate analysis identified significant baseline clinical associates of LAVI progression as increased age, beta‐blocker usage, and left ventricular mass index (all P < 0.05). Serological biomarkers were measured in a randomly selected subcohort of 30 ‘Progressors’ matched to 30 ‘Non‐progressors’. For ‘Progressors’, relative changes in matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), and the TIMP1/MMP9 ratio, markers of interstitial remodelling, tracked with changes in LAVI over time (all P < 0.05).ConclusionAccelerated LAVI increase was found to occur in up to 14% of all pre‐HF patients undergoing serial echocardiograms over a relatively short follow‐up period. In a randomly selected subcohort of ‘Progressors’, changes in LAVI were closely linked with alterations in MMP9, TIMP1, and the ratio of these enzymes, a potential aid in highlighting this at‐risk group.
Angiotensin receptor blockers and outcomes in real‐world older patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: a propensity‐matched inception cohort clinical effectiveness study
Authors: Patel Kanan , Fonarow Gregg C. , Kitzman Dalane W. , Aban Inmaculada B. , Love Thomas E. , Allman Richard M. , Gheorghiade Mihai , Ahmed Ali 
Published: July 2012

AimsTo examine the clinical effectiveness of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in older patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HF‐PEF).Methods and resultsOf the 10 570 hospitalized HF‐PEF patients, aged ≥65 years, EF ≥40%, in OPTIMIZE‐HF (2003–2004), linked to Medicare data (up to 31 December 2008), 3806 were not receiving angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or prior ARB therapy. Of these, 303 (8%) patients received new discharge prescriptions for ARBs. Propensity scores for the receipt of ARBs, estimated for each of the 3806 patients, were used to assemble a cohort of 296 pairs of patients receiving and not receiving ARBs, who were balanced on 114 baseline characteristics. Patients had a mean age of 80 years, mean EF of 55%, 69% were women, and 12% were African American. During 6 years of follow‐up, the primary composite endpoint of all‐cause mortality or HF hospitalization occurred in 79% (235/296) and 81% (241/296) of patients receiving and not receiving ARBs, respectively [hazard ratio (HR) associated with ARB use 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74–1.06; P = 0.179]. ARB use had no association with individual endpoints of all‐cause mortality (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.76–1.14; P = 0.509), HF hospitalization (HR 0.90, 95% CI, 0.72–1.14; P = 0.389), or all‐cause hospitalization (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.77–1.08; P = 0.265). These associations remained unchanged when we compared any (prevalent and new prescriptions) ARB use vs. non‐use in a separately assembled propensity‐matched cohort of 1137 pairs of HF‐PEF patients.ConclusionsIn real‐world older HF‐PEF patients, ARB use was not associated with improved clinical outcomes.
Rapid Onset of Specific Diaphragm Weakness in a Healthy Murine Model of Ventilator-induced Diaphragmatic Dysfunction
Authors: Mrozek Segolene , Jung Boris , Petrof Basil J. , Pauly Marion , Roberge Stephanie , Lacampagne Alain , Cassan Cécile , Thireau Jerome , Molinari Nicolas , Futier Emmanuel , Scheuermann Valerie , Michel Constantin Jean , Matecki Stefan , Jaber Samir 
Published: July 2012

Background
Controlled mechanical ventilation is associated with ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction, which impedes weaning from mechanical ventilation. To design future clinical trials in humans, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms using knockout models, which exist only in the mouse, is needed. The aims of this study were to ascertain the feasibility of developing a murine model of ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction and to determine whether atrophy, sarcolemmal injury, and the main proteolysis systems are activated under these conditions.

Methods
Healthy adult male C57/BL6 mice were assigned to three groups: (1) mechanical ventilation with end-expiratory positive pressure of 2-4 cm H2O for 6 h (n=6), (2) spontaneous breathing with continuous positive airway pressure of 2-4 cm H2O for 6 h (n=6), and (3) controls with no specific intervention (n=6). Airway pressure and hemodynamic parameters were monitored. Upon euthanasia, arterial blood gases and isometric contractile properties of the diaphragm and extensor digitorum longus were evaluated. Histology and immunoblotting for the main proteolysis pathways were performed.

Results
Hemodynamic parameters and arterial blood gases were comparable between groups and within normal physiologic ranges. Diaphragmatic but not extensor digitorum longus force production declined in the mechanical ventilation group (maximal force decreased by approximately 40%) compared with the control and continuous positive airway pressure groups. No histologic difference was found between groups. In opposition with the calpains, caspase 3 was activated in the mechanical ventilation group.

Conclusion
Controlled mechanical ventilation for 6 h in the mouse is associated with significant diaphragmatic but not limb muscle weakness without atrophy or sarcolemmal injury and activates proteolysis.