bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged contact does not reshape locals' attitudes toward migrants in wartime settings
Authors: Zhou Yang‐Yang , Lyall Jason 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite record numbers of internally displaced persons (IDPs) globally, we know little about the causal effects of intergroup contact between migrants and locals in active conflict settings. We conduct a randomized controlled trial of a vocational skills‐training program implemented by Mercy Corps that enrolled 2597 locals and migrants in near equal numbers in Kandahar, Afghanistan, where IDPs face daily prejudice and discrimination. Courses lasting up to 6 months emphasized collaborative learning and soft skills development. We surveyed participants at endline and followed up 8 months later. While the program provided the most sustained duration of intergroup contact (360–720 h) experimentally evaluated to date, we find no evidence of reported behavioral or attitudinal change by locals (N = 1276) toward migrants generally, regardless of classroom demographics or course duration. Our findings suggest that prolonged contact through vocational training programs is insufficient to improve relations in conflict settings.
Vision‐related quality of life in patients with glaucoma before and after trabeculectomy
Authors: von Arenstorff Mathilde M. , Ahmadzadeh Afrouz , Schmidt Bo Simmendefeldt , Kessel Line , Bach‐Holm Daniella 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo determine vision‐related quality of life (VR‐QoL) and functional and structural parameters associated with VR‐QoL in patients with glaucoma before and 12 months after trabeculectomy.MethodsFifty‐eight patients undergoing trabeculectomy were included. Participants completed the 25‐item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ‐25) prior to and 12 months after trabeculectomy. Functional (visual acuity and visual fields) and structural (ganglion cell layer volume) parameters were evaluated for their association with VR‐QoL using multiple linear regression of VFQ‐25 subscale scores. Intraocular pressure and the number of glaucoma medications were also included in the analyses.ResultsThe VFQ‐25 composite score did not change after trabeculectomy (before: 74.9; 12 months: 74.0; p = 0.512). The subscale mental health had a significantly higher score 12 months after trabeculectomy (before: 65.6; 12 months: 71.4; p = 0.017). The VFQ‐25 scores for general health (before: 68.5; 12 months: 62.5; p = 0.009) and role difficulties (before: 78.9; 12 months: 53.7; p < 0.001) were significantly lower 12 months after trabeculectomy. No functional or structural parameters were associated with VFQ‐25 composite score.ConclusionOverall, VR‐QoL in glaucoma patients was similar before and after trabeculectomy, reflecting the procedure's stabilizing effect on both objective and subjective visual function. The absence of correlations between VR‐QoL and clinical parameters emphasizes the multifaceted nature of VR‐QoL and highlights the limitations of depending solely on objective clinical metrics to evaluate patients' subjective experiences. Using both objective measures and VR‐QoL, clinicians can better understand the challenges patients face due to glaucoma and trabeculectomy, potentially leading to better solutions.
Dietary adherence is not dependent on the mode of diagnosis in children with coeliac disease
Authors: Hård af Segerstad Elin M. , Avender Helena , Kornhall Ludvig , Agardh Daniel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo compare the adherence to gluten‐free diet between children with serology‐based and biopsy‐proven coeliac disease.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed in 257 Swedish children diagnosed with coeliac disease between 2012 and 2019 at a tertiary hospital. Adherence to a gluten‐free diet was systematically assessed by trained dietitians at follow‐up. Mixed models were used to analyse the dietary adherence by mode of diagnosis (serology‐based vs. biopsy‐proven).ResultsAfter mean 6.3 (SD 2.4) years, there was neither a difference in the dietary adherence over time depending on the mode of diagnosis (OR 0.64 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26, 1.60], p = 0.342), nor if coeliac disease was detected in screening studies (OR 0.74 [95% CI 0.25, 2.17], p = 0.584) or in risk‐groups (OR 1.01 [95% CI 0.26, 3.91], p = 0.991) compared to clinically detected diagnosis. Non‐adherence to a gluten‐free diet increased with age (OR 1.19 [95% CI 1.06, 1.33], p = 0.003). There was no difference in the proportion of patients improving their dietary adherence from non‐adherent to adherent over time (p = 0.322).ConclusionMode of diagnosis did not influence the dietary adherence in Swedish children with coeliac disease, although adherence to a gluten‐free diet was inversely associated with increasing age.
Corporate social responsibility disclosure and corporate social irresponsibility in emerging economies: Does institutional quality matter?
Authors: Gerged Ali Meftah , Kehbuma Kadmia M. , Beddewela Eshani S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Panama Papers (2016), Paradise Leaks (2017), and Pandora Papers (2021) have revealed the extensive practice of corporate tax avoidance. Yet, the tax behavior of companies claiming to be “socially responsible” has been less examined. This study examines the association between corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) and tax avoidance, particularly in developing economies, focusing on Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). By analyzing data from 600 firm‐year observations across 13 SSA countries using panel quantile regression, we found a negative relationship between CSRD, which includes ethical, social, and environmental dimensions, and tax avoidance. This aligns with legitimacy theory, indicating that firms are increasingly adopting CSR transparency to meet societal expectations and gain stakeholder trust, avoiding socially irresponsible behaviors. Furthermore, the quality of national governance significantly moderates the CSRD–tax avoidance relationship, supporting the concept of institutional isomorphism. This evidence is valuable for professionals and policymakers and encourages further research to deepen and broaden these findings.
Quantification of sediment fluxes and intermittencies from Oligo–Miocene megafan deposits in the Swiss Molasse basin
Authors: Garefalakis Philippos , do Prado Ariel Henrique , Whittaker Alexander C. , Mair David , Schlunegger Fritz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe conglomerates preserved in alluvial fans in the Swiss Molasse basin provide crucial insights into the sedimentary dynamics of these routing systems. In particular, the architectural trends and grain sizes of such deposits reveal information on the sediment fluxes and record variations in the intermittency — a proxy for the fan's activity — that indicate on the relative importance of tectonic or climatic controls on sediment production and transport. Here, we calculated intermittencies from sediment transport dynamics using the ratio between the long‐term average and the short‐term instantaneous unit sediment fluxes during bankfull discharge conditions. For this, we collected grain size data from three palaeo‐fan systems that were active through Oligo–Miocene times and that reveal preserved proximal–distal relationships. The three fan systems, which we term the western, central and eastern fans, show significant differences in their long‐term sediment budget but equivalent magnitudes of the sediment transport dynamics expressed through the intermittency factor. The eastern fan records a low long‐term sediment flux (5.7 km2 Myr−1), which needed the fan to be active during ca. 8 h yr−1 (intermittency factor of 0.89 × 10−3). The western fan reveals a higher long‐term sediment flux (16.2 km2 Myr−1), which could have accumulated during ca. 16 h yr−1 (intermittency factor of 1.83 × 10−3), thereby reflecting a more active system. The central fan records the largest long‐term sediment flux (40.3 km2 Myr−1), where ca. 57 h yr−1 of sediment transport would be required to deposit the supplied material (intermittency factor of 6.53 × 10−3), thus representing the most active system. By relating these characteristics to the regional exhumation history, we consider that the central fan mainly recorded the transient response of the Alpine surface to the break‐off of the European mantle lithosphere slab. Contrarily, the western and eastern fans were formed during the Alpine evolution when steady‐state conditions between uplift and erosion were reached and when sediment fluxes to the basin were lower. Despite differences in the tecto‐geomorphic and climatic boundary conditions, our data suggest that these Oligo–Miocene megafans could accomplish their mean annual sediment transport work within a few hours or days per year.
An updated systematic review of correlates of children's physical activity and sedentary time in early childhood education services
Authors: Tonge Karen L. , Mavilidi Myrto , Jones Rachel A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundEarly childhood education services (ECE) continue to be a key setting to promote physical activity and limit sedentary behaviour. Thus, the aim of this study was to (1) provide an updated systematic review of correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour among children in ECE settings and (2) discuss changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviour correlates among children in ECEC settings over time.MethodsA systematic search of eight databases identified 40 studies published between 2015 and 2023 that met the inclusion criteria. The variables were categorized into four domains (child, educator, physical environmental and organizational). Fifty‐eight variables were identified.ResultsFor data from 2015 to 2023, strong associations were identified in all domains (child, educator, physical environmental and organizational) for physical activity, yet no strong associations for sedentary behaviour were identified. Aggregated data (i.e., combining data from previous review and this review) showed strong associations with children's physical activity and age, motor coordination and sex (child), educator behaviour and presence (educator), presence and size of outdoor environments (physical environmental) and active opportunities and service quality (organizational). For sedentary behaviour, sex, outdoor environments and active opportunities were strongly associated in the combined data.ConclusionThe correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in ECE settings continue to be multi‐dimensional and span different domains. Variables such as educator behaviours and intentionality, provision of active opportunities, use of outdoor space and service quality should be the key focus area for improving physical activity and sedentary behaviour levels of young children.
Leveraging an intensive time series of young children's movement to capture impulsive and inattentive behaviors in a preschool setting
Authors: Koepp Andrew E. , Gershoff Elizabeth T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStudying within‐person variability in children's behavior is frequently hindered by challenges collecting repeated observations. This study used wearable accelerometers to collect an intensive time series (2.7 million observations) of young children's movement at school (N = 62, Mage = 4.5 years, 54% male, 74% Non‐Hispanic White) in 2021. Machine learning analyses indicated that children's typical forward acceleration was strongly correlated with lower teacher‐reported inhibitory control and attention (r = −.69). Using forward movement intensity as a proxy for impulsivity, we partitioned the intensive time series and found that (1) children modulated their behavior across periods of the school day, (2) children's impulsivity increased across the school week, and (3) children with greater impulsivity showed greater variability in behavior across days.
GLS‐PIA: n‐Dimensional Spherical B‐Spline Curve Fitting based on Geodesic Least Square with Adaptive Knot Placement
Authors: Zhao Yuming , Wu Zhongke , Wang Xingce 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDue to the widespread applications of curves on n‐dimensional spheres, fitting curves on n‐dimensional spheres has received increasing attention in recent years. However, due to the non‐Euclidean nature of spheres, curve fitting methods on n‐dimensional spheres often struggle to balance fitting accuracy and curve fairness. In this paper, we propose a new fitting framework, GLS‐PIA, for parameterized point sets on n‐dimensional spheres to address the challenge. Meanwhile, we provide the proof of the method. Firstly, we propose a progressive iterative approximation method based on geodesic least squares which can directly optimize the geodesic least squares loss on the n‐sphere, improving the accuracy of the fitting. Additionally, we use an error allocation method based on contribution coefficients to ensure the fairness of the fitting curve. Secondly, we propose an adaptive knot placement method based on geodesic difference to estimate a more reasonable distribution of control points in the parameter domain, placing more control points in areas with greater detail. This enables B‐spline curves to capture more details with a limited number of control points. Experimental results demonstrate that our framework achieves outstanding performance, especially in handling imbalanced data points. (In this paper, “sphere” refers to n‐sphere (n≥ 2) unless otherwise specified.)
Left ventricular diastolic function in atrial fibrillation: Methodological implications and clinical considerations
Authors: Palmiero Pasquale , Caretto Pierpaolo , Zito Annapaola , Ciccone Marco Matteo , Pelliccia Francesco , Maiello Maria ,   the I.C.S.C.U. (Italian Chapter of International Society Cardiovascular Ultrasound)
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe assessment of LVDD is routinely included in echocardiographic evaluation because it correlates with cardiac disease progression and its prognostic value. Classic parameters used for assessing LV diastolic function correlate well with invasive measurements which remains the gold standard. Nevertheless, no one echocardiographic parameter alone can completely evaluate LVDD. LV diastolic function evaluation in atrial fibrillation is still challenging, since the E/A ratio, one of the most used parameters in echocardiographic evaluation, cannot be feasible. This is not a good reason to give up measurement. In this review, we analyze the different methods for estimating LV diastolic function in atrial fibrillation, including measurement not dependent on atrial systole and some novel methods that are promising, but not ever available during clinical practice highlighting that this assessment is mandatory for a complete clinical evaluation of the patients.
Arthropods in the spotlight – identifying predators of vineyard pest insects with infrared photography
Authors: Reiff Jo Marie , Theiss Konrad , Hoffmann Christoph , Entling Martin H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGrape berry moths, particularly Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and vinegar flies, such as Drosophila melanogaster Meigen and Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), are important vineyard pests, causing severe quality loss of grapes. Several arthropod taxa may be involved in the natural control of these pests. However, the role of arthropod predators in the natural control of vineyard pests remains unclear. We investigated 32 vineyards in the Palatinate region, southwest Germany, under organic and conventional management, which in both cases received either full or reduced fungicide applications (2 × 2 design). Predation of L. botrana eggs and pupae and D. melanogaster pupae on sentinel cards exposed in the vineyards was observed with infrared cameras. In total, nine predator taxa could be identified. The most dominant predator was the European earwig, Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), with 90% of all predation events. We conclude that F. auricularia is likely a key predator of vineyard pests, and that special attention should be paid to maintain it at high population densities.
Dopaminergic lesions of the anterior cingulate cortex of rats increase vulnerability to salient distractors
Authors: Clement Madison K. , Pimentel Cynthia S. , McGaughy Jill A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been shown to be critical to many aspects of executive function including filtering irrelevant information, updating response contingencies when reinforcement contingencies change and stabilizing task sets. Nonspecific lesions to this region in rats produce a vulnerability to distractors that have gained salience through prior associations with reinforcement. These lesions also exacerbate cognitive fatigue in tests of sustained attention but do not produce global attentional impairments nor do they produce distractibility to novel distractors that do not have a prior association with reinforcement. To determine the neurochemical basis of these cognitive impairments, dopaminergically selective lesions of the ACC were made in both male and female Long‐Evans, hooded rats prior to assessment in two attentional tasks. Dopaminergic lesions of the ACC increase the vulnerability of subjects to previously reinforced distractors and impede formation of an attentional set. Lesioned rats were not more susceptible to the effects of novel, irrelevant stimuli in a test of sustained attention as has been previously shown. Additionally, the effects of dopaminergic lesions were found to differ based on sex. Lesioned female, but not male, rats were more vulnerable than sham‐lesioned females to the effects of prolonged testing and the removal of reinforcement during a test of sustained attention. Together, these data support the hypothesis that dopamine in the ACC is critical to filtering distractors whose salience has been gained through reinforcement.
Telemedicine in HIV health care during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An implementation research study in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Bullo Manuela , Kierszenowicz Tomas , Acosta Maria Cecilia , Rolon Maria Jose , Cecchini Diego , Rodriguez Claudia , Scapellato Pablo , Bottaro Edgardo , Losso Marcelo H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundFrom October 2020 to October 2022, we conducted an implementation study to offer telemedicine (TM) across four HIV units of general public hospitals in Buenos Aires. The intervention used TM to provide a continuum of care to patients with HIV.Methods and SettingWe used the RE‐AIM framework to evaluate the strategy. The study started during a COVID‐19 outbreak with strict lockdown policies and continued until return to normal practices. Implementation facilitation served as the core implementation strategy.ResultsWe reached 4118 patients (58% of eligible individuals), and the main perceived benefits were the ability to avoid exposure to infectious diseases and reduced travel time and cost. After a median of 515 days of follow‐up, 95.7% of participants with HIV were receiving antiretroviral therapy, and 87.8% were virally suppressed, with a median CD4+ count of 648 cells/μL. In total, 36.6% reported clinical events, and 20.4% presented with COVID‐19 infection. The proportion of physicians adopting TM was 69.37%. After enrolment, 2406 of 5640 (43%) follow‐up visits were conducted via TM. By the end of the study, 26.29% of appointments offered in the four centres were through TM, whereas 73.71% were in‐person appointments.ConclusionIt was feasible to implement TM in the four centres in the public health sector in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was acceptable for both patients and healthcare workers, and effectively reached a large proportion of the population served in these clinics. Both healthcare workers and patients consider it a model of care that will continue to be offered in the future.
Gout and its management
Authors: Dalbeth Nicola , Te Karu Leanne , Stamp Lisa K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGout is a common and treatable chronic disease of monosodium urate crystal deposition. It is experienced as extremely painful episodes of joint inflammation that impact all aspects of the person's life. This Clinical Perspectives article provides an update on gout diagnosis, medications and strategies to improve the quality of gout care.
RETRACTED: The effect of preoperative mechanical bowel preparation in paediatric bowel surgery on postoperative wound related complications: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Meixue , Lin Jin , Miao Dongrong , Yang Xin , Feng Mei , Liu Manli , Xu Lianqing , Lin Qingran 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMechanical bowel preparation (MBP), a routine nursing procedure before paediatric bowel surgery, is widely should in clinical practice, but its necessity remains controversial. In a systematic review and meta‐analysis, we evaluated the effect of preoperative MBP in paediatric bowel surgery on postoperative wound‐related complications in order to analyse the clinical application value of MBP in paediatric bowel surgery. As of November 2023, we searched four online databases: the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. Two investigators screened the collected studies against inclusion and exclusion criteria, and ROBINS‐I was used to evaluate the quality of studies. Using RevMan5.3, a meta‐analysis of the collected data was performed, and a fixed‐effect model or a random‐effect model was used to analyse OR, 95% CI, SMD, and MD. A total of 11 studies with 2556 patients were included. Most of studies had moderate‐to‐severe quality bias. The results of meta‐analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications related to postoperative infections in children with MBP before bowel surgery versus those with No MBP, wound infection (OR 1.11, 95% CI:0.76 ~ 1.61, p = 0.59, I2 = 5%), intra‐abdominal infection (OR 1.26, 95% CI:0.58 ~ 2.77, p = 0.56, I2 = 9%). There was no significant difference in the risk of postoperative bowel anastomotic leak (OR 1.07, 95% CI:0.68 ~ 1.68, p = 0.78, I2 = 12%), and anastomotic dehiscence (OR 1.67, 95% CI:0.13 ~ 22.20, p = 0.70, I2 = 73%). Patients' intestinal obstruction did not show an advantage of undergoing MBP preoperatively, with an incidence of intestinal obstruction (OR 1.95, 95% CI:0.55 ~ 6.93, p = 0.30, I2 = 0%). Based on existing evidence that preoperative MBP in paediatric bowel surgery did not reduce the risk of postoperative wound complications, we cautiously assume that MBP before surgery is unnecessary for children undergoing elective bowel surgery. However, due to the limited number of study participants selected for this study and the overall low quality of evidence, the results need to be interpreted with caution. It is suggested that more high quality, large‐sample, multicenter clinical trials are required to validate our findings.