bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sinus Repair in the Bone Marrow of Hypoxic Mice Possible Relationship to Cellular Migration
Authors: Ben‐Ishay Zina 
Published: August 2010

Observations on the repair of sinus wall in the bone marrow of hypoxic mice are reported. Evidence was found for intravascular coagulation as a mechanism for repair of sinus. Additionally, in both hypoxic and normal mice, strands of fibrin were observed in close association with cells in migration across the sinus wall. We suggest that cells in transit in bone marrow of mice trigger a brief and transient intravascular coagulation phenomena. However, under normal conditions platelets‐fibrin clots are not formed and the gaps created by cells in migration are closed by endothelial contraction or by some other mechanism.Large gaps in the sinus of bone marrow which do not close by normal mechanism, may be sealed by solid clots of platelets.
Platelet Survival and Platelet Production in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) before and during Treatment with Corticosteroids
Authors: Branehög Ingmar , Weinfeld Aleksander 
Published: August 2010

Platelet mean life span (MLS) and platelet production were studied in 11 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) before and after institution of corticosteroids.Platelet MLS was greatly reduced before treatment. A prolongation of MLS was observed in every patient during corticosteroid therapy but there was in no case a normalization of platelet MLS.Platelet production was significantly above normal in untreated ITP and did not change significantly during corticosteroid treatment. The partial compensation of the platelet count during treatment was due to an increase of platelet MLS and a continued unchanged elevated platelet production.Recovery of infused labelled platelets was greatly reduced in ITP and was closely related to platelet MLS. During corticosteroid treatment the recovery values increased significantly.The survival curve in ITP consists of a rapid component terminated 15 min after infusion and a second one with a slower disappearance rate. The percentage platelet recovery is dependent on the magnitude of the first component. Due to limitations of splenic blood flow the rapid initial platelet destruction is mainly accomplished by the liver. In untreated ITP with a high rate of initial platelet destruction a greater amount of radioactivity would accumulate in this organ. Accordingly external surface counting of radioactivity has shown an increase in the spleen to liver ratio during corticosteroid treatment.
Myeloma Producing Nonsecretory IgM and Secretory IgG
Authors: Stein H. , Kaiserling E. 
Published: August 2010

Four myelomas were investigated for their immunoglobulin‐content, both immuno‐morphologically in tissue sections and immunochemically in tumour tissue extracts. With peroxidase‐labelled antibodies only IgG could be demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the cells. IgA was reduced in all tissue extracts. IgG was highly increased in both the tissue extracts and sera of all cases. By means of electrophoresis it was proved to be monoclonal. IgM was shown to be increased in the homogenate of only one myeloma. With gel‐chromatography it appeared in the position of 7 S‐IgG. Both the tissue‐IgM and the IgG contained kappa‐chains. The serum‐IgM was reduced in this case as well as in the other myelomas.We conclude that all four myelomas produced and secreted IgG. One of them also produced IgM, which was not secreted but instead probably expressed on the cell membranes. We therefore assume that this myeloma was derived from plasma cells which had just switched from non‐secretory IgM‐synthesis to secretory IgG‐synthesis, while the ‐1gM‐synthesis had not yet ceased. On the other hand, the myelomas which produced and secreted only IgG were derived from plasma cells which had lost their surface‐IgM.
Growth Stimulation of Normal Human Bone Marrow Cells in Agar Culture by Human Serum
Authors: Knudtzon Søren 
Published: August 2010

Human bone marrow cells cultured in soft agar with human serum, but without fetal calf serum or a feeder layer, form granulocytic clusters. The number of clusters formed is shown to be dependent on the serum concentration, thus indicating that the method can be used as an assay for growth‐stimulating factors in human serum. The cluster formation is also dependent on the presence and the number of cluster‐stimulating cells in the culture. These cells can be removed by their adherence to cotton‐wool or by using frozen bone marrow cells. Following these procedures, only a few or no clusters are formed in the serum assay.The possible relation between growth‐stimulating factors in serum and the cluster‐stimulating cells is discussed and the serum assay is suggested for further investigation of these components and their importance in granulopoiesis.
Complement Components on the Surface of Normal Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Osther K. , Dybkjaer E. 
Published: August 2010

The presence of complement components Clq, C4, C3 and C3 activator is demonstrated on human lymphocytes from peripheral blood of healthy subjects. The methods employed are double layer immunofluorescence technique and cytophoto‐metry. Furthermore, simultaneous detection of immunoglobulin and complement components has been possible.An amount of 10–25 % of the isolated lymphocytes showed presence of complement components, distributed in a manner comparable to immunoglobulins on the surface of the lymphocytes.The simultaneous double marking technique revealed an invariable co‐occurrence of immunoglobulins and complement components on the lymphocytes. This study may indicate that the cytotoxicity of the B lymphocytes resembles the cytotoxical actions of the humoral immune system.
Free Fatty Acids (FFA) ‐ Blood Clotting, Fibrinolysis and Platelet Function
Authors: Korsan‐Bengtsen Kristoffer , Holm Trond 
Published: August 2010

The effect of an increase in the free fatty acid (FFA) concentration on platelets, blood clotting and fibrinolysis has been studied in 5 volunteers. Increased FFA‐concentration was achieved by infusion of nor‐adrenaline (NA). As a control a second NA infusion was given after pretreatment with nicotinic acid which blocks the release of FFA.There were no changes in the number of platelets or platelet stickness, in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), ‘stypven’ time, factor V, factor VIII, factor II‐VII‐X or antithrombin III or fibrinolytic activity, plasminogen or plasmin inhibitors which could be correlated to the fluctuations in FFA. During the first NA infusion an increase in the number of circulating platelets was observed ‐ probably due to spleen contraction. An insignificant increase in factor VIII was seen during both NA infusions. The nicotinic acid infusion caused an increased fibrinolytic activity. Notably this did not influence platelet function or clotting.
Studies of Human Peripheral Lymph II. Low Lymphocyte Count and Few B‐Lymphocytes in Peripheral Lymph of Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Engeset A. , Frøiland S. S. , Bremer K. 
Published: August 2010

Peripheral lymph was studied in 11 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) with blood lymphocyte counts between 2,100 and 93,000/μl and in 8 control patients with solid tumours and haematologically normal with lymphocyte counts below 3,500/μl. The mean lymphocyte count in peripheral lymph in the two groups was about the same order, 123 and 149/μ1 respectively despite marked differences in blood lymphocyte count. This demonstrates that the leukaemic cells do not migrate to any significant extent into the subcutaneous tissue and back to the lymphatics. 5 of the 6 CLL patients studied had > 90 % B‐lymphocytes (identified by their membrane bound immunoglobulin) in the blood representing both relatively and absolutely much higher blood B‐lymphocyte values than normal (3–22 %). The percentage of B‐lymphocytes in the lymph was 5 % or less with the exception of one patient with 50%.It is concluded that reduced lymphocyte recirculation in CLL does not depend on functionally altered lymph nodes since a direct effect of the lymph node on the cell number in peripheral lymph can be excluded. Our data indicate that the minimal recirculation to peripheral lymph depends on properties of the leukaemic cell possibly reflecting a normal B‐cell characteristic.
Blood Platelet Production and Red Cell Leakage to Lymph during Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Aursnes I. 
Published: August 2010

Previous investigations have shown that a vascular wall defect will usually, but not always, develop during irradiation‐induced thrombocytopenia. This phenomenon has been further examined by observing the content of red cells in ear lymph in rabbits 9–10 days after exposure to a sublethal dose (660 rads) of whole body irradiation during which the ears were shielded. Increased number of red cells in the ear lymph was found in about 2/3 of 51 such thrombocytopenic animals (< 35,000 platelets/μl blood). When a small dose of platelet antiserum was given to some of the remaining and similarly thrombocytopenic animals, a marked increase in the red cell content of the ear lymph also appeared in these cases.Results achieved in additional experiments with 660 rads exposure indicated that some production of blood platelets remained even during the days with most marked thrombocytopenia. Another group of animals was therefore exposed to the (lethal) dose of 1,300 rads which eliminated platelet production completely. These animals invariably developed an abnormal degree of vascular leakage of red cells to lymph already by days 4–5 after irradiation, when the levels of blood platelets were still 100,000–400,000/μl blood. When the same high irradiation dose was given to animals with their hindlegs shielded, neither marked thrombocytopenia nor signs of abnormal vascular leakage developed. It appears, therefore, that newly produced platelets or some factor connected with platelet production must be available in order to prevent the abnormal microvascular leakage of red cells from developing.
Platelet Stain Preventing Factor in Serum or Plasma ‐An Early Sign of Leiomyosarcoma?
Authors: Stavem Per , Berg Kåre , Flatmark Audun , Jr Sigvald Refsum 
Published: August 2010

A macromolecular component, platelet stain preventing factor (PSPF), possessing the capacity to prevent staining of platelets in the presence of EDTA, was found in the serum of an apparently healthy person. Two years later, leiomyosarcoma with liver metastases was diagnosed at laparatomy in that particular person. Extract from the patient's leiomyosarcoma exhibited very strong PSPF activity.The observations suggest that PSPF was synthesized in the patient's tumour and that test for PSPF may become a useful tool in early diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma.
Studies of Leukocyte Exudates in Cyanate‐Treated Animals
Authors: Scott Robert B. , Cooper Laverne W. 
Published: August 2010

Cyanate (NCO), which impedes sickling by increasing the oxygen affinity of sickle haemoglobin, may react with many proteins in the body and potentially interfere with many functional systems. Leukocyte glycogen was studied because elevated liver glycogen has been noted after high dose NCO treatment in rats. Leukocyte function was also studied in peritoneal exudates.In animals given NCO alone, blood leukocyte glycogen was 2.8 ± 0.3 (SE) mg per 109WBC while control values were 3.3 ± 0.6, a difference not statistically significant. In casein‐induced peritoneal exudates, more WBC were recovered from NCO‐treated animals (265 times 106WBC vs. 214 times 106WBC; P = 0.0009). Glycogen in blood leukocytes of casein‐stimulated animals was not significantly different from NCO‐treated animals.Leukocyte glycogen in peritoneal exudates was markedly increased over blood leukocyte glycogen in both controls (19.4 ± 0.6 vs. 2.7 ± 0.3 mg per 109/WBC; P < 0.0001) and NCO‐treated animals (17.5 ± 0.7 vs. 3.6 ± 0.5 mg per 109WBC; P < 0.001), although levels in exudates from control and NCO‐treated animals did not significantly differ from each other.14C‐glucose incorporation into glycogen was significantly increased (P = 0.020) in exudate leukocytes of NCO‐treated animals. Initial phagocytic rates were equal in exudate leukocytes of control and NCO‐treated animals.Although NCO treatment has demonstrable effects on some aspects of leukocyte glycogen metabolism, exudation of leukocytes and phagocytic function are not impaired.
The DNA Content of Megakaryocytes from the Bone Marrow and Vessels of the Lung in Rats
Authors: Pedersen N. Tinggaard , Hansen Mads , Olsson Lennart 
Published: August 2010

Comparative microspectropholometry of the DNA content of Feulgen‐stained megakaryocytes from the bone marrow and from those retained in the pulmonary circulation showed that the ploidy classes 8 N, 16 N and 32 N are found in both bone marrow and pulmonary circulation, whereas the 64 N class is found in the bone marrow only.Electron microscopic examination of megakaryocytes retained in the lungs revealed typical ‘naked nuclei’.
Histamine Metabolism in Polycythaemia Vera
Authors: Westin Jan , Granerus Göran , Weinfeld Aleksander , Wetterquist Hakon 
Published: August 2010

Histamine metabolism was studied in 35 patients with polycythaemia Vera (PV) at different stages of their disease and compared with controls and patients with secondary polycythaemia. In addition to blood and urinary histamine the main urinary metabolites of histamine, methylhistamine (MeHi) and 1‐methyl‐4‐imidazole‐acetic acid (MeImAA) were measured. In patients with active PV the excretion of MeHi and MeImAA was significantly higher than in controls and secondary polycythaemia, indicating an increased histamine formation. The MeImAA excretion was correlated to the blood histamine level, the degree of blood basophilia, the total white blood count and the spleen volume.The blood histamine level was significantly higher in PV patients compared with controls and secondary polycythaemia. No patients with secondary polycythaemia had an increased blood histamine level. With the bio‐assay technique used in this study the urinary excretion of histamine in the PV patients was within the normal range. There was no correlation between the increased hstamine formation and ‘histamine‐related symptoms’. Pruritus and duodenal ulcer occurred with a similar frequency in patients with and without increased MeImAA excretion. The similarity between the disturbance of the histamine metabolism in PV and that found by other authors in chronic myeloid leukaemia is pointed out.
The Ultrastructure of Spontaneous Radial Segmentation of the Nuclei in Bone Marrow Cells from 3 Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Stenstam M. , von Mecklenburg C. , Norberg B. 
Published: August 2010

Bone marrow cells with spontaneous radial segmentation of the nuclei from three patients with acute myeloid leukaemia were analysed by means of electron microscopy.The centriole was found in the centre of the cluster of nuclear segments. Cytoplasmic microtubules were found in the intersegmental clefts and in the pericentriolar area.The present observations support the hypothesis that spontaneous radial segmentation of the nuclei in tumour cells is due to a microtubule‐associated contractile process, by which the nucleus is folded into segments.
A Positive Ethanol Gelation Test Associated with High Plasma Fibrinogen Concentration ‐Evidence for Soluble Fibrin
Authors: Slaastad R. A. , Jakobsen E. , Godal H. C. 
Published: August 2010

By infusion of large amounts of human fibrinogen into rabbits, the ethanol gelation test turned positive at various plasma concentrations of fibrinogen, depending on the fibrinogen preparation used, and on individual differences among the animals. After incubation of the fibrinogen preparation in the cold the precipitated material gave a positive ethanol gelation test at lower fibrinogen concentration whereas the ethanol gelation test remained negative in the supernatant at a higher fibrinogen level than that of the starting material.It is concluded that the finding of a positive ethanol gelation test is not due to the fibrinogen concentration per se. Most likely the test becomes positive due to the presence of soluble fibrin in the commercial preparations.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Childhood
Authors: Berman Nolan , Finklestein Jerry Z. 
Published: August 2010

A survey was conducted among 46 pediatric institutions in the United States and Canada to evaluate the presentation, therapy and survival of children with thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) seen since 1960.TTP is an uncommon disease in the pediatric age group, and the clinical and pathologic findings in adults and children are almost identical. It can be distinguished from haemolytic uraemic syndrome in that it usually occurs in older children, the renal disease is milder, and the central nervous system symptoms appear to be related to vascular occlusive disease, and not to the complications of severely compromised kidneys. Appropriate biopsy specimens which reveal typical widespread hyaline occlusion of arterioles may confirm the diagnosis.Combinations of corticosteroids, splenectomy, and heparin have been used as therapy. Prognosis has improved, and is probably related to improved supportive care.
Quantitative Determination of Splenic Red Blood Cell Destruction in Patients with Splenomegaly
Authors: Christensen B. Egelund 
Published: August 2010

In order to evaluate a method permitting quantitation of splenic red blood cell destruction, a model of erythrocyte destruction in enlarged spleens was created: Erythrocytes are destroyed in the splenic erythrocyte pool at a constant rate, producing in labelling studies hyperhaemolysis due to random destruction. A mathematical analysis of the model shows that the splenic destruction rate can be calculated with great accuracy from quantitation of the initial excess radioactivity, measured over the spleen during the first days after infusion of 51Cr‐labelled autologous erythrocytes.18 patients with splenomegaly (479–4700 g) were investigated. The splenic erythrocyte destruction rate was estimated to be between 0.5–4.4% of the total erythrocyte mass per day, increasing significantly with increasing splenic weight. The results indicate that erythrocyte destruction takes place almost exclusively in the enlarged spleen in cases of predominant splenomegaly without complicating immunohaemolysis.
Cell Adherence as a Serious Source of Error in the Haemacytometer Count of Leucocytes in Artificial Suspensions
Authors: Sällström Jan F. 
Published: August 2010

This report demonstrates a previously disregarded source of error in the count of lymphocytes that have been fixed in Türk's dilution fluid (acetic acid and gentian violet). If the dilution fluid does not contain any serum protein or other proteins, a large proportion of the lymphocytes will stick to the walls of the mixing vessel. The use of plastic or siliconized vessels does not prevent this.The number of cells which in that way will be eliminated from the suspension is dependent on several variables, such as the type of mixing procedure and mixing vessel, the composition of the dilution fluid, and the cell density. As a consequence it is difficult to give any correction factor for such a count in a haemacytometer counting chamber. More than 30% of the cells may disappear under generally obtained conditions. This source of error is to some extent also involved in the white blood cell count, despite the presence of about 1% protein in the dilution fluid from the serum and lysed erythrocytes.To prevent this loss of cells either bovine serum albumin, to a concentration of 5%, or the detergent Certrimide, to a concentration of 2–5 mM, may be added to the dilution fluid.
Effect of Cytosine Arabinoside Administration on Donor Rats
Authors: Ben‐Ishay Zina 
Published: August 2010

Ultrastructural observations of erythroid colonies in diffusion chambers implanted in lethally irradiated rats are reported. The donor cells were obtained from rats treated with cytosine arabinoside (250 mg/kg body weight) 6 h prior to seeding. The marrow of donor rats contained a high proportion of stem cells committed to the erythroid line.9 days after implantation, vast numbers of erythroid colonies developed in the diffusion chambers. The erythroid cells were observed arranged around a central macrophage resembling erythroid islands in bone marrow. Erythroid colonies most probably differentiated from committed stem cells in the inoculum.It is postulated that development of erythroid colonies in diffusion chambers is conditioned by, among other factors, the presence of a special type of macrophages. These macrophages have the same function as those of central reticular cells (CRC) in bone marrow erythroid islands.
Observations on the in vivo Aging of Red Cells in the Rat
Authors: Tochner Z. , Benbassat J. , Hershko C. 
Published: August 2010

Aging of rat erythrocytes was studied in vivo by two experimental models. In the first, a single cohort of erythrocytes labelled with radioiron was followed; in the second, sequential hypertransfusions were employed to obtain a defined red cell population, which was continuously transferred from host to host. The results are compatible with a normal red cell life span of about 60 days and with sequestration of senescent erythrocytes in the spleen and in the liver. Red cell aging was associated with a decline in cell volume, haemoglobin, G6PD and ATP content. There were no measureable changes in osmotic fragility.Thus, changes in osmotic resistance do not appear to be critical factors limiting the life span of circulating erythrocytes in the rat.
INFLUENCE OF A LIQUID ANTACID ON THE ABSORPTION OF DIFFERENT IRON SALTS
Authors: Ekenved Gunnar , Halvorsen Lars , Sölvell Lermart 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe influence of a liquid antacid on the absorption of iron from iron tablets was studied in healthy volunteers using a serum iron technique. Tablets containing ferrous salts (carbonate, fumarate, sulphate) with different in‐vitro dissolution properties were studied. Co‐administration of the antacid and the iron tablets resulted in a marked reduction of the absorption of iron from all preparations studied. The lowest absorption was found when ferrous carbonate was given with the antacid. This was ascribed to the fact that ferrous carbonate is almost completely insoluble at pH‐levels near neutral. This was confirmed in a series of patients with achlorhydria in which the absorption from ferrous carbonate was virtually nil. It was concluded that iron tablets and antacid preparations should not be administered at the same time and that ferrous carbonate tablets should not be used in patients with achlorhydria.
Reptilase Clot Retraction Induced by Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Bottecchia Domenico , Fantin Gianpaolo , Gruppo Paolo , Nassuato Gino , Zatti Pietro 
Published: August 2010

Retraction of platelet rich plasma clotted by reptilase is induced by electrical stimulation. Optimal retraction is obtained by stimuli, applied for more than 4 min, with the following characteristics: intensity = 150 volts, duration = 50 msec each, frequency = 10/sec.Electrically induced reptilase clot retraction is shoswn to be inhibited by EDTA, EGTA, methyl‐xanthines, PGE***i, acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, but not by apyrase or by phosphoenolpyruvate‐pyruvate kinase and MgCl***2.The results indicate that electrical stimulation induces retraction of PRP clotted by reptilase by triggering off an increased availability of Ca2+ in the intracellular space.