bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An energy‐based finite‐strain model for 3D heterostructured materials and its validation by curvature analysis
Authors: Hadjimichael Yiannis , Merdon Christian , Liero Matthias , Farrell Patricio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive study of the intrinsic strain response of 3D heterostructures arising from lattice mismatch. Combining materials with different lattice constants induces strain, leading to the bending of these heterostructures. We propose a model for nonlinear elastic heterostructures such as bimetallic beams or nanowires that takes into account local prestrain within each distinct material region. The resulting system of partial differential equations (PDEs) in Lagrangian coordinates incorporates a nonlinear strain and a linear stress‐strain relationship governed by Hooke's law. To validate our model, we apply it to bimetallic beams and hexagonal hetero‐nanowires and perform numerical simulations using finite element methods (FEM). Our simulations examine how these structures undergo bending under varying material compositions and cross‐sectional geometries. In order to assess the fidelity of the model and the accuracy of simulations, we compare the calculated curvature with analytically derived formulations. We derive these analytical expressions through an energy‐based approach as well as a kinetic framework, adeptly accounting for the lattice constant mismatch present at each compound material of the heterostructures. The outcomes of our study yield valuable insights into the behavior of strained bent heterostructures. This is particularly significant as the strain has the potential to influence the electronic band structure, piezoelectricity, and the dynamics of charge carriers.
How people with brain injury run and evaluate a SLAM‐based smartphone augmented reality application to assess object‐location memory
Authors: Mendez‐Lopez Magdalena , Juan M.‐Carmen , Burgos Teresa , Mendez Marta , Fidalgo Camino 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAugmented reality (AR) technology allows virtual objects to be superimposed on the real‐world environment, offering significant potential for improving cognitive assessments and rehabilitation processes in the field of visuospatial learning. This study examines how patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) evaluate the functions and usability of a SLAM‐based smartphone AR app to assess object‐location skills. Ten ABI patients performed a task for the spatial recall of four objects using an AR app. The data collected from 10 healthy participants provided reference values for the best performance. Their perceptions of the AR app/technology and its usability were investigated. The results indicate lower effectiveness in solving the task in the patient group, as the time they needed to complete it was related to their level of impairment. The patients showed lower, yet positive, scores in factors related to app usability and acceptance (e.g., mental effort and satisfaction, respectively). There were more patients reported on entertainment as a positive aspect of the app. Patients' perceived enjoyment was related to concentration and calm, whereas usability was associated with perceived competence, expertise, and a lower level of physical effort. For patients, the sensory aspects of the objects were related to their presence, while for healthy participants, they were related to enjoyment and required effort. The results show that AR seems to be a promising tool to assess spatial orientation in the target patient population.
Control of heparin surface density in multilayers of partially hydrolyzed poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) by degree of hydrolysis
Authors: Saadatlou Ghazaleh Azizi , Guner Pinar Tatar , Demirel A. Levent 
Published: June 2024

AbstractControlling the surface density of heparin in active coatings is important in providing anticoagulation while preventing bleeding. An approach based on tuning the degree of hydrolysis of poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEOX) is presented to control the surface density of heparin in layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembled films. Multilayers are prepared at pH 5 in 0.5 M aqueous NaCl solutions by electrostatic interactions between negatively charged heparin and the positively charged amine groups in hydrolyzed PEOX. Characterization of the multilayers by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D), toluidine blue (TBO) assay and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) all shows that the amount of heparin deposited increases with the degree of hydrolysis. While non‐hydrolyzed PEOX/heparin multilayers do not grow, the average deposited mass per area per bilayer as determined by QCM‐D measurements increases with the degree of hydrolysis. At 50% hydrolysis, TBO assay gives a heparin surface density of 1.03 μg/cm2 and atomic % of sulfur as determined by XPS leveled off at ~14%. These results show the potential of acidic hydrolysis of PEOX combined with LbL assembly of heparin as a reproducible method for controlling the surface density of heparin in anticoagulant coatings.
Experience with flexible bronchoscopy for noncoronavirus disease of 2019 indications in pediatric patients during the coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic
Authors: Polat Sanem Eryilmaz , Arıkan Fatma Merve , Gençoğlu Murat Yasin , Akyan Şule Selin , Uytun Salih , Tabakçı Satı Özkan , Bilgiç Işıl , Çakar Meltem Kürtül , Ademhan Tural Dilber , Tuğcu Gökçen D. , Cinel Güzin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimFlexible bronchoscopy (FB) poses a risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) transmission due to aerosol generation. This study aimed to assess the utilization, indications, outcomes, and safety of FB in pediatric patients for noncoronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) reasons during the pandemic.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed pediatric patients who underwent FB for non‐COVID‐19 indications at a tertiary children's hospital's pulmonary clinic during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Patients showed no COVID‐19 symptoms and tested negative for SARS‐CoV‐2 by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of nasopharyngeal and throat swabs within 24 h before the procedure. FBs were conducted in the operating room, with healthcare professionals (HCPs) wearing personal protective equipment, including medical N95 masks, gloves, gowns, and eye protection.ResultsBetween March 2020 and April 2022, 167 pediatric patients underwent FB for non‐COVID‐19 indications. Common indications included foreign body aspiration (22.7%), stridor (10.1%), and atelectasis (8.9%). No COVID‐19 symptoms were observed in patients on the 1st and 10th days post‐FB. During the 1‐month follow‐up, 52 patients underwent SARSCoV‐2 PCR testing, and one patient tested positive in the third week after the procedure. None of the HCPs in the FB team experienced COVID‐19 symptoms or tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2.ConclusionA bronchoscopy protocol with safety precautions minimized the risk of COVID‐19 transmission, allowing safe FB performance for non‐COVID‐19 indications in pediatric patients during the pandemic. The experience gained in FB during COVID‐19 is valuable for similar situations in the future.
Empowering BRICS economies: The crucial role of green finance, information and communication technology and innovation in sustainable development
Authors: Sahoo Malayaranjan , Bhujabal Padmaja , Gupta Mohini , Islam Muhummad Khairul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study delves into the crucial role of green finance, information and communication technology (ICT), technological innovation, and renewable energy in the Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRICS) countries from 2000 to 2021. The findings highlight the importance of green finance in reducing the ecological footprint and promoting eco‐friendly initiatives, sustainable practices, environmental technology innovation, and heightened environmental awareness. This means 1% increase in green related finance has reduced ecological footprint by 0.72% in BRICS economies. Additionally, technological innovation and the consumption of renewable energy play a significant role in enhancing environmental sustainability. Conversely, the study reveals that ICT has a considerable impact on the ecological footprint, but the interaction effect with green finance helps to mitigate its negative effects and improve the environmental quality. Meanwhile, non‐renewable energy, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and urbanization have an adverse effect on the environment. To strengthen green finance in BRICS countries, governments can establish comprehensive policy frameworks that prioritize sustainability and create a conducive climate for incentivizing investment in environmentally friendly endeavors.
Phronesis in climate change and sustainability education and practice: Importance of the immeasurable goodness of a professional
Authors: Salovaara Janne J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSustainability transformation calls for actors and agents of all types from all organisations and subsectors of society. Thus, sustainability‐themed and focused education has become a staple of higher education institutions, and the professionals and expertise produced—through learning of all sorts—have become an integral part of various organisations and their attempts to enact sustainability. A whole range of research and associated educational programmes have been founded, and various frameworks, for example those at the intersection of higher education and sustainability, and professionalism and climate change, have been study and development foci. However, few attempts at qualitative reflection and assessment have been made in this important field with its vital hypothesis that higher level of education, expertise, and professionalism will lead to higher societal sustainability impact by those educated actors. In this article, I propose that the Aristotelian concept of phronesis—as contextual and practical wisdom—can offer a framing for both reasoning about and assessing the qualitative side of being a climate change and sustainability professional. The conditions of being a sustainability professional, and the essence of phronesis thereof, are analysed from thematic in‐depth interviews with high‐level professionals, representing different organisations from various societal subsectors.
Centrifugation‐Mediated Crystal Growth of Attractive Colloids for Band Edge Lasing
Authors: Jung Yongseok , Park Sanghyuk , Lee Sang Seok , Kim Shin‐Hyun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAttractive depletion interactions are utilized to organize colloidal particles into crystalline arrays with high crystallinity through spontaneous phase separation. However, uncontrolled nucleation frequently leads to the formation of crystalline grains with varied crystal orientations, which hampers the optical performance of photonic crystals. Here, colloidal crystals have been engineered with uniform orientation and high surface coverage by applying centrifugal force during the depletion‐induced assembly of polystyrene particles. The centrifugal force encourages the particles to move toward the bottom surface, which fosters heterogeneous nucleation and supports rapid crystal growth, yielding densely‐packed and uniformly‐arranged crystal grains with high reflectivity. This study has observed that the nucleation and crystal growth behavior is significantly influenced by the salt concentration. Based on the pair potentials, the transition boundary has been quantitatively analyzed between fluid and crystal phases and identified the threshold for homogeneous nucleation. Utilizing the high‐reflectivity colloidal crystals, band‐edge lasing is achieved by dissolving the water‐soluble dye into the aqueous suspensions. Upon optical excitation, a lasing emission characterized is observed by a narrow spectral width at the short‐wavelength band edge. Notably, the laser wavelength can be adjusted by altering the salt concentration or particle diameter, offering a versatile approach to tuning the optical properties.
An overview of peer-to-peer accommodation operation during the COVID-19 pandemic: responses, strategies and opportunities
Authors: Cui Jianqiang , Attard Maria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic had catastrophic impacts on many hospitality industries including the peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation industry. The fast spread of the COVID-19 outbreak in countries throughout the world left very limited time for crisis management planning, and exposed the vulnerability of the P2P accommodation sector. Stakeholders in the P2P accommodation industry had to take ad hoc actions and implement crisis management strategies to mitigate the impacts. This overview paper explores the responses and crisis management strategies that key stakeholders in the P2P accommodation industry adopted during the COVID-19 crisis. Experience obtained from the adjustment and adaptation of P2P accommodation operation practices were summarised. This paper provides lessons learnt and ways to move forward for the P2P accommodation industry in coping with disruptive events like the COVID-19 crisis. Future research directions are also highlighted.
KGR: A Kernel-Mapping Based Group Recommender System Using Trust Relations
Authors: Bukhari Maryam , Maqsood Muazzam , Aadil Farhan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA massive amount of information explosion over the internet has caused a possible difficulty of information overload. To overcome this, Recommender systems are systematic tools that are rapidly being employed in several domains such as movies, travel, E-commerce, and music. In the existing research, several methods have been proposed for single-user modeling, however, the massive rise of social connections potentially increases the significance of group recommender systems (GRS). A GRS is one that jointly recommends a list of items to a collection of individuals based on their interests. Moreover, the single-user model poses several challenges to recommender systems such as data sparsity, cold start, and long tail problems. On the contrary hand, another hotspot for group-based recommendation is the modeling of user preferences and interests based on the groups to which they belong using effective aggregation strategies. To address such issues, a novel “KGR” group recommender system based on user-trust relations is proposed in this study using kernel mapping techniques. In the proposed model, user-trust networks or relations are exploited to generate trust-based groups of users which is one of the important behavioral and social aspects. More precisely, in KGR the group kernels and group residual matrices are exploited as well as seeking a multi-linear mapping between encoded vectors of group-item interactions and probability density function indicating how groups will rate the items. Moreover, to emphasize the relevance of individual preferences of users in a group to which they belong, a hybrid approach is also suggested in which group kernels and individual user kernels are merged as additive and multiplicative models. Furthermore, the proposed KGR is validated on two different trust-based datasets including Film Trust and CiaoDVD. In addition, KGR outperforms with an RMSE value of 0.3306 and 0.3013 on FilmTrust and CiaoDVD datasets which are lower than the 1.8176 and 1.1092 observed with the original KMR.
Fairness: plurality, causality, and insurability
Authors: Fahrenwaldt Matthias , Furrer Christian , Hiabu Munir Eberhardt , Huang Fei , Jørgensen Frederik Hytting , Lindholm Mathias , Loftus Joshua , Steffensen Mogens , Tsanakas Andreas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article summarizes the main topics, findings, and avenues for future work from the workshop Fairness with a view towards insurance held August 2023 in Copenhagen, Denmark.
More Accurately Estimating Aboveground Biomass in Tropical Forests With Complex Forest Structures and Regions of High‐Aboveground Biomass
Authors: Su Ying , Mura Matteo , Zheng Xiaoman , Chen Qi , Wei Xiaohua , Qiu Yue , Li Mei , Ren Yin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccurately estimating aboveground biomass (AGB) in tropical forests is vital for managing the threats posed by deforestation, degradation, and climate change. However, challenges persist in accurately estimating AGB in high AGB regions. This study aims to accurately estimate the AGB of regions with high AGB by using spatial statistical analyses based on AGB estimates made by machine‐learning fusion of multisource data. We hypothesize that incorporating dominant auxiliary factors in the analysis increases the estimation accuracy. This study focuses on tropical forests located in Longyan, Fujian Province, China, covering an area of 19,028 km2. Multisource data are used, including airborne laser scanning, the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model, the Landsat Operational Land Imager, and the National Forest Inventory. Based on GeogDetector's spatial covariance matrix and the spatial similarity principle, we identify key auxiliary factors (dominant tree species, canopy closure, and herbaceous cover) and investigated how auxiliary variables can improve estimation accuracy. Empirical Bayesian kriging regression prediction introduces the main auxiliary factors to refine AGB estimates. These refinements significantly enhance the accuracy of AGB estimates, particularly for high AGB, resulting in a 0.1 increase in R2, a 7.0% reduction in root mean square error, a 13.5% reduction in mean square error, and a 6.6% reduction in mean absolute error when compared with the AGB estimates obtained by using machine learning to fuse multisource data. Thus, incorporating spatial statistical analysis into the integration of multisource data and machine learning for AGB estimation can enhance the accuracy of high‐AGB estimates in intricate forest structures, resulting in precise AGB maps.
Methane plume detection after the 2022 Nord Stream pipeline explosion in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Abrahamsson Katarina , Damm Ellen , Björk Göran , Bunse Carina , Sellmaier Samuel , Broström Göran , Assmann Volkmar , Dumitrascu Adela , Maciute Adele , Olofsson Niten , Pourdanandeh Milad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOn September 26th, 2022, the detonations at the gas pipelines Nord Stream 1 and 2 resulted in some of the largest non-natural releases of methane known. The distribution of methane in the surrounding seawater and the possible effects were not apparent. To trace the pathways of methane we recorded CH4 concentrations and the isotopic signal (δ13C-CH4) in seawater, and air. A week post-explosion, we detected methane concentrations up to 4 orders of magnitude above the natural Baltic Sea background. The released fossil methane created a distinct plume with δ13C-CH4 ratios differing from natural background values. The strong water stratification preserved the distribution pattern initiated by the explosion, shown by the laterally strong concentration gradient within the plume. Our analysis encompasses three stages of the explosion's impact; the initial sea-air methane release, measurements taken during our research expedition one week later, and a third stage triggered by the shift from summer to winter conditions as an outlook on how winter mixing and microbial activity will influence the plume.
A method to detect uniformity of road base course based on impact imaging technology
Authors: Chen Xing-Guang , Luo Hao , Feng Shao-Kong , Wang Hai-Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe damage of road base course has the characteristics of strong concealment and difficulty in detecting. For this reason, the impact imaging method has been used for detection of road base course. This paper discussed systematically collection points setting, excitation mode and data processing method. Through the application in testing for highway pavement base before and after grouting maintenance, the results show that the method is simple and accurate. The detection results can be displayed in a two-dimensional image form and it is easy to be used in road maintenance. This method can be used to identify and locate the damages of the pavement base, to judge the uniformity of the pavement base structure. It can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of internal damage after grouting repairing.
Effect of an accelerating metro cabin on the diffusion of cough droplets
Authors: Peng Ge , Liu Fang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCoronaviruses being capable of spreading through droplet contamination have raised significant concerns regarding high-capacity public rail transport, such as the metro. Within a rapidly moving railcar cabin, the internal airflow lags behind the bulkhead, generating internally induced airflow that accelerates droplet dispersion within a non-inertial reference system. This study investigates the impact of acceleration on the diffusion of cough droplets of varying sizes using computational fluid dynamics. The modified k–ε equation in ANSYS® Fluent was utilized to simulate droplet diffusion under different body orientations by adjusting the inertial force correction source term. Results indicate that droplets in the middle size range (50–175 μm) are primarily influenced by inertial forces, whereas smaller droplets (3.5–20 μm) are predominantly controlled by air drag forces. Regardless of facial orientation, the outlet of high-capacity public rail transport poses the highest risk of infection.
Increasing magnitude of color differences amplifies category effects
Authors: Li Kashi , Nagai Takehiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have identified differences in sensitivity characteristics between color discrimination and perception of suprathreshold color differences. However, it remains highly unclear how color difference sensitivity changes with increasing magnitudes of color difference along various color hues. This study aimed to quantify the sensitivity transition across various magnitudes of color differences and uncover the underlying mechanisms. Color discrimination sensitivities were measured using an adaptive staircase method for 32 isoluminant pedestal colors in the u'v' chromaticity diagram. For suprathreshold color differences, we employed the Maximum Likelihood Difference Scaling (MLDS) method to measure sensitivity to various color difference levels for the same 32 colors. Our findings confirmed the differences in sensitivity characteristics between discrimination and suprathreshold color difference perception. Furthermore, we observed increased sensitivities at many color category boundaries in suprathreshold color difference perception. By investigating the relation between the category effects and the color difference size levels through a model simulation, our findings suggest that the influence of color categories on the perception of color differences may become more pronounced as the magnitude of color differences increases.