bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Waveguide Tunnelling via Leaky Modes
Authors: Hu Chuanjie , Li Jue , Kong Xianghong , Xue Shuwen , Zhang Zhibin , Tao Sicen , Xiao Wen , Zhu Shan , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Chen Huan‐yang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMuch effort in the past few years has been made in tunnelling, however, no work has been reported so far on how to maintain the maximum tunnelling of complex optical fields in waveguides, due to the limitations of existing physical mechanisms. Here, a new paradigm is presented for realizing anomalous wave tunnelling through a general effective double‐barrier model constructed by dispersion engineering, while preserving mode information. The observed tunnelling mechanism is corroborated well by experimental results in the microwave realm. Specifically, evanescent waves bridge the gap between external space and potential well, allowing us to modulate the leaky modes within the potential well and thus achieve multiple resonant tunnelling. Due to the constant phase difference between adjacent maximum tunnelling, such mechanism broadens the potential of binary integrated devices. For example, assembling the tunnelling unit into arrays straightforwardly alleviates the trade‐off dilemma between diffraction law and cut‐off frequency. In addition, this approach provides an ideal toolbox for achieving multifunctional tunnelling across waveguide modes of various orders or polarizations, which can boost various applications in optical filters, tunneling lasers, optical switching, and sensing.
Controllable Modulation of Trapped Carriers in Mechano/Thermo Dual‐Responsive Particles for Advanced Stress‐Encoded Information Storage
Authors: Peng Danni , Sun Junlu , Deng Yuan , Jiao Fuhang , Li Xi , Liu Wenjin , Wang Lijun , Shan Chong‐Xin , Dong Lin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMechanoluminescence (ML) is a fascinating phenomenon with diverse applications in pressure sensing, damage detection, and stress distribution visualization. However, most ML materials exhibit instantaneous photon emission that requires real‐time recording with a photodetector, and thereby circumscribing their applicability predominantly to real‐time stress‐sensing scenarios. In this work, a novel method is introduced for non‐real‐time stress sensing utilizing Li0.1Na0.9NbO3:Pr3+ phosphor, which allows for the retrieval of pressure location and intensity even 20 days after the event. The influence of heat and pressure on the trap depth distribution is analyzed using thermoluminescence (TL) and ML measurements, and it is proved that both heat and pressure release the captured electrons in the same traps. Leveraging the intricate competition between mechanical and thermal detrapping processes, stress information can be accessed through TL imaging. Furthermore, an algorithm is proposed based on this phenomenon to authenticate the stress information. This research not only advances the fundamental understanding of ML phenomena but also introduces a novel approach for applications such as mechano‐history indicators, security papers, and advanced data storage systems.
Photonic Metamaterial‐Inspired Polarization Manipulating Devices on Etchless Thin Film Lithium Niobate Platform
Authors: Liao Hongtao , Chen Li , Zhou Xudong , Guo Siyuan , Jiang Yongheng , Xiao Huifu , Low Mei Xian , Nguyen Thach Giang , Boes Andreas , Ren Guanghui , Mitchell Arnan , Tian Yonghui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhotonic metamaterials interact with light at the micro–nano scale, enabling unprecedented optical manipulation capabilities, which play a key role in nonlinear optics, spin optics, negative index, and zero index materials. Recently, thin‐film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) has emerged as a promising platform for integrated photonics due to its unique material properties, including an excellent electro–optic effect, wide transparency window, and low waveguide losses. Metamaterial structures are promising for constructing novel integrated photonic circuit building blocks on LNOI as they can provide advantageous circuit functionality. In this work, as a proof of concept, high‐performance polarization manipulating devices including polarization splitter rotator (PSR), polarization rotator (PR), and polarizer are demonstrated using photonic metamaterials on the etchless LNOI platform by introducing a silicon nitride layer on the top of LNOI wafer as the loading material. In this way, full advantage of lithium niobate (LN) can be taken to achieve various high‐performance integrated photonic devices, while avoiding the etching of LN and simplifying the fabrication process greatly, which can bring bright prospects for achieving large‐scale lithium niobate integrated photonic circuits.
Highly Efficient and Thermally Stable Broadband NIR Phosphors with Superlong Afterglow Performance and their Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Ding Xin , Ma Xilin , Su Zhezhe , Liu Bin , Wang Yuhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) are considered as promising next‐generation light sources for optoelectronic and biomedical applications. Nevertheless, NIR phosphors with large bandwidths, long emission peaks, high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) and valuable thermal stabilities are challenging to develop. Herein, this study reports a novel gallium germanate host, Ga3Al3Ge2O13 (GAGO), with a large bandgap and rigid host lattice for Cr3+ ion doping. The blue LED excitable GAGO:0.012Cr3+ phosphor can produce broadband NIR emission with a maximum intensity at 816 nm and a full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 187 nm. Notably, the phosphor also exhibits an excellent EQE of 35.8% and perfect thermal stability (I423 K/I298 K = 67.4%). Moreover, an attractive NIR afterglow duration of more than 24 h is achieved in the GAGO:0.004Cr3+ phosphor. The type and origin of the traps are discussed, and a possible long persistent luminescent (LPL) mechanism is proposed. Finally, an NIR pc‐LED based on a GAGO:0.012Cr3+ phosphor is fabricated. The results demonstrate that the obtained phosphors show great potential for use in night vision, nondestructive detection, bioimaging and information encryption. This study provides new insight into the development of broadband NIR luminescent materials with high efficiency, good thermal stability and extraordinary afterglow performance.
Multifaceted roles of PD‐1 in tumorigenesis: From immune checkpoint to tumor cell‐intrinsic function
Authors: Chen Huiqing , Wei Jiayu , Zhu Zhen , Hou Yongzhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProgrammed cell death 1 (PD‐1), a key immune checkpoint receptor, has been extensively studied for its role in regulating immune responses in cancer. However, recent research has unveiled a complex and dual role for PD‐1 in tumorigenesis. While PD‐1 is traditionally associated with immune cells, this article explores its expression in various cancer cells and its impact on cancer progression. PD‐1's functions extend beyond immune regulation, as it has been found to both promote and suppress tumor growth, depending on the cancer type. These findings have significant implications for the future of cancer treatment and our understanding of the immune response in the context of cancer. This article calls for further research into the multifaceted roles of PD‐1 to optimize its therapeutic potential and improve patient outcomes in the fight against cancer.
HER3 V104 mutations regulate cell signaling, growth, and drug sensitivity in cancer
Authors: Mishra Rosalin , Kilroy Mary Kate , Feroz Wasim , Patel Hima , Garrett Joan T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHER3 is mutated in ~2%–10% of cancers depending on the cancer type. We found the HER3‐V104L mutation to be activating from patient‐derived mutations introduced via lentiviral transduction in HER3KO HER2 + HCC1569 breast cancer cells in which endogenous HER3 was eliminated by CRISPR/Cas9. Cells expressing HER3‐V104L showed higher p‐HER3 and p‐ERK1/2 expression versus cells expressing wild‐type HER3 or HER3‐V104M. Patients whose tumor expressed the HER3 V104L variant had a reduced probability of overall survival compared to patients lacking a HER3 mutation whereas we did not find a statistically significant difference in overall survival of various cancer patients with the HER3 V104M mutation. Our data showed that HER2 inhibitors suppressed cell growth of HCC1569HER3KO cells stably expressing the HER3‐V104L mutation. Cancer cell lines (SNU407, UC15 and DV90) with endogenous HER3‐V104M mutation showed reduced cell proliferation and p‐HER2/p‐ERK1/2 expression with HER2 inhibitor treatment. Knock down of HER3 abrogated cell proliferation in the above cell lines which were overall more sensitive to the ERK inhibitor SCH779284 versus PI3K inhibitors. HER3‐V104L mutation stabilized HER3 protein expression in COS7 and SNUC5 cells. COS7 cells transiently transfected with the HER3‐V104L mutation in the presence of HER binding partners showed higher expression of p‐HER3, p‐ERK1/2 versus HER3‐WT in a NRG‐independent manner without any change in AKT signaling. Overall, this study shows the clinical relevance of the HER3 V104L and the V104M mutations and its response to HER2, PI3K and ERK inhibitors.
From fairy rings to fairy chemicals: The story from nature phenomenon to commercial application
Authors: Liu Shaolong , Ye Chanjuan , Guo Jie , Chen Da‐gang , Liu Juan , Zhou Xin‐qiao , Jia Bin , Zheng Yixiong , Wu Jing , Kawagishi Hirokazu , Chen Ke , Liu Chuan‐guang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFairy rings are naturally occurring phenomena that are circular or curved clusters of mushrooms that appear in meadows, forests, and other places. In recent decades, significant progress has been made in deciphering fairy chemicals (FCs) involved in the intricate crosstalk between mushrooms and plants. FCs contain three chemical components: 2‐azahypoxanthine (AHX), 2‐aza‐8‐oxohypoxanthine (AOH), and imidazole‐4‐carboxamide (ICA). FCs can enhance the plant's resistance to environmental stresses such as cold, heat, and salt, and can increase crop yields; In addition, it can also have biological activities such as skin barrier improvement, anti‐ageing, and anti‐tumour. This review systematically integrated multiple facets of FCs, encompassing their discovery, the biochemical synthesis pathways giving rise to FCs, the derivatives and compounds originated from FCs, and their emerging applications in agriculture, beauty industry and medical sciences. Moreover, the review also addresses outstanding questions in FCs and future challenges related to plant growth regulators and other compounds, promising a practical and innovative future in agriculture.
An end‐to‐end deep convolutional neural network‐based dose engine for parotid gland cancer seed implant brachytherapy
Authors: Xiong Tianyu , Cai Jing , Zhou Fugen , Liu Bo , Zhang Jie , Wu Qiuwen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSeed implant brachytherapy (SIBT) is a promising treatment modality for parotid gland cancers (PGCs). However, the current clinical standard dose calculation method based on the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 43 (TG‐43) Report oversimplifies patient anatomy as a homogeneous water phantom medium, leading to significant dose calculation errors due to heterogeneity surrounding the parotid gland. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) can yield accurate dose distributions but the long computation time hinders its wide application in clinical practice.PurposeThis paper aims to develop an end‐to‐end deep convolutional neural network‐based dose engine (DCNN‐DE) to achieve fast and accurate dose calculation for PGC SIBT.MethodsA DCNN model was trained using the patient's CT images and TG‐43‐based dose maps as inputs, with the corresponding MCS‐based dose maps as the ground truth. The DCNN model was enhanced based on our previously proposed model by incorporating attention gates (AGs) and large kernel convolutions. Training and evaluation of the model were performed using a dataset comprising 188 PGC I‐125 SIBT patient cases, and its transferability was tested on an additional 16 non‐PGC head and neck cancers (HNCs) I‐125 SIBT patient cases. Comparison studies were conducted to validate the superiority of the enhanced model over the original one and compare their overall performance.ResultsOn the PGC testing dataset, the DCNN‐DE demonstrated the ability to generate accurate dose maps, with percentage absolute errors (PAEs) of 0.67% ± 0.47% for clinical target volume (CTV) D90 and 1.04% ± 1.33% for skin D0.1cc. The comparison studies revealed that incorporating AGs and large kernel convolutions resulted in 8.2% (p < 0.001) and 3.1% (p < 0.001) accuracy improvement, respectively, as measured by dose mean absolute error. On the non‐PGC HNC dataset, the DCNN‐DE exhibited good transferability, achieving a CTV D90 PAE of 1.88% ± 1.73%. The DCNN‐DE can generate a dose map in less than 10 ms.ConclusionsWe have developed and validated an end‐to‐end DCNN‐DE for PGC SIBT. The proposed DCNN‐DE enables fast and accurate dose calculation, making it suitable for application in the plan optimization and evaluation process of PGC SIBT.
Utilizing multicompartmental restriction spectrum magnetic resonance imaging for liver fibrosis characterization in a mouse model
Authors: Cai Yeyu , Liu Jiayi , Yang HaiTao , Zheng Liyun , Wu Dongmei , Xiao Enhua , Dai Yongming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, an advanced imaging method may be necessary for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnosis and quantify liver fibrosis (LF).PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of the multicompartmental restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) model to characterize LF in a mouse model.MethodsThirty mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced LF and eight control mice were investigated using multi‐b‐value (ranging from 0 to 2000 s/mm2) diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) on a 3T scanner. DWI data were processed using RSI model (2–5 compartments) with the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) determining the optimal model. Conventional ADC value and signal fraction of each compartment in the optimal RSI model were compared across groups. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnosis performances of different parameters, while Spearman correlation analysis was employed to investigate the correlation between different tissue compartments and the stage of LF.ResultsAccording to BIC results, a 4‐compartment RSI model (RSI4) with optimal ADCs of 0.471 × 10−3, 1.653 × 10−3, 9.487 × 10−3, and > 30 × 10−3, was the optimal model to characterize LF. Significant differences in signal contribution fraction of the C1 and C3 compartments were observed between LF and control groups (P = 0.018 and 0.003, respectively). ROC analysis showed that RSI4‐C3 was the most effective single diffusion parameter for characterizing LF (AUC = 0.876, P = 0.003). Furthermore, the combination of ADC values and RSI4‐C3 value increased the diagnosis performance significantly (AUC = 0.894, P = 0.002).ConclusionThe 4‐compartment RSI model has the potential to distinguish LF from the control group based on diffusion parameters. RSI4‐C3 showed the highest diagnostic performance among all the parameters. The combination of ADC and RSI4‐C3 values further improved the discrimination performance.
Registration of ‘UC‐Alameda’, a California adapted, non‐glycosidic nitrile‐producer, two‐row spring malting barley
Authors: del Blanco Isabel A. , Dubcovsky Jorge 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe emerging malting industry in California needs adapted cultivars for a sustainable local barley production. ‘UC‐Alameda’ (Reg. no. CV‐381, PVP 202300263, PI 701932) is a two‐row, spring malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) released by the University of California, Davis, Agricultural Experiment Station, in 2022. UC‐Alameda is a highly productive cultivar with satisfactory malting quality for local craft maltsters. UC‐Alameda is adapted to the California Central Valley (Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys) and is resistant to the most common diseases present in this region (e.g., Barley yellow dwarf virus, Cereal yellow dwarf virus, stripe rust, and powdery mildew) and moderately resistant to scald and net blotch. It was evaluated in preliminary trials, as B9K62, from 2017 to 2023 at Davis, CA, and by the University of California Regional Small Grains Testing program, as UC1911, from 2018 to 2023 for late fall planting in the Central Valley. UC‐Alameda is a non‐glycosidic nitrile producer, which is an important trait for craft‐maltsters and distillers. UC‐Alameda satisfies the quality criteria of the local craft malting and brewing industry interested in sourcing locally grown malting barley.
Assessing the utility of Munsell soil color in building and evaluating spectral models for soil clay content prediction
Authors: Dharumarajan S. , Gomez C. , Lalitha M. , Vasundhara R. , Hegde R. , Patil N. G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present study examined how the use of soil color can help build and evaluate clay content prediction models from laboratory visible and near infrared spectroscopic data. This study was based on a regional database containing 449 soil samples collected over Karnataka state in India, which has been divided into red soils (240 samples) and black soils (209 samples) based on their Munsell soil color. Partial least squares regression models were calibrated and validated from both the regional datasets and subsets stratified as red and black soils. In addition, a random forest model was used to classify the validation soil samples into black and red classes to evaluate models’ performance. First, while the clay content predicted by the regression model built from regional data was evaluated as correct at regional scale (R2val of 0.75), this model was evaluated as more accurate over black (R2val of 0.8) than red (R2val of 0.63) soil samples. Second, the regression models built from subsets stratified per soil color provided different performances than the regression model built from the regional data, both at the regional scale and soil color scale. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that (1) predictions are highly dependent on calibration data, (2) the interpretation of prediction performances relies heavily on validation data, and (3) pedological knowledge, such as soil color, can be effectively employed as an encouraging covariate in both the construction and evaluation of regression models.
Hydrophobic TaOx Species Overlayer Tuning Light‐Driven Methane Chlorination with Inorganic Chlorine
Authors: Li Dongmiao , Lin Min , Zhang Jiangjie , Qiu Chengwei , Chen Hui , Xiao Zhen , Shen Jinni , Zheng Yuanhui , Long Jinlin , Dai Wenxin , Wang Xuxu , Fu Xianzhi , Zhang Zizhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHalogenated methane serves as a universal platform molecule for building high‐value chemicals. Utilizing sodium chloride solution for photocatalytic methane chlorination presents an environmentally friendly method for methane conversion. However, competing reactions in gas‐solid‐liquid systems leads to low efficiency and selectivity in photocatalytic methane chlorination. Here, an in situ method is employed to fabricate a hydrophobic layer of TaOx species on the surface of NaTaO3. Through in‐situ XPS and XANES spectra analysis, it is determined that TaOx is a coordination unsaturated species. The TaOx species transforms the surface properties from the inherent hydrophilicity of NaTaO3 to the hydrophobicity of TaOx/NaTaO3, which enhances the accessibility of CH4 for adsorption and activation, and thus promotes the methane chlorination reaction within the gas‐liquid‐solid three‐phase system. The optimized TaOx/NaTaO3 photocatalyst has a good durability for multiple cycles of methane chlorination reactions, yielding CH3Cl at a rate of 233 µmol g−1 h−1 with a selectivity of 83%. In contrast, pure NaTaO3 exhibits almost no activity toward CH3Cl formation, instead catalyzing the over‐oxidation of CH4 into CO2. Notably, the activity of the optimized TaOx/NaTaO3 photocatalyst surpasses that of reported noble metal photocatalysts. This research offers an effective strategy for enhancing the selectivity of photocatalytic methane chlorination using inorganic chlorine ions.
Three‐dimensional electrically conductive–hydrophobic layer for stable Zn metal anodes
Authors: Mei Yang , Zhou Jiahui , Zhang Botao , Li Li , Wu Feng , Huang Yongxin , Chen Renjie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe interrelated side reactions and dendrites growth severely destabilize the electrode/electrolyte interfaces, resulting in the difficult application of aqueous Zn ion batteries (AZIBs). Hydrophobic protective layer possesses natural inhibition ability for side reactions. However, the conventional protective layer with plane structure is difficult to attain joint regulation of side reaction and Zn nucleation. Herein, a novel three‐dimensional (3D) electrically conductive and hydrophobic (3DECH) interface is elaborated to enable stable Zn anode. The as‐prepared 3DECH interface presents a uniform 3D morphology with hydrophobic property, large specific surface area, abundant zincophilic sites, and excellent electroconductivity. Therefore, the 3DECH interface achieves uniform nucleation and dendrite‐free deposition from synergetic benefits: (1) increased nucleation sites and reduced local current density through the special 3D structure and (2) uniform electric potential distribution and rapid Zn2+ transport due to the electroconductive alloy chemistry, thus coupling the hydrophobic property to obtain a highly reversible Zn anode. Consequently, the modified anode achieves a superior coulombic efficiency of 99.88% over 3500 cycles, and the pouch cells using modified anode and LiMn2O4 (LMO) cathode retain a capacity of 84 mAh g−1 after 700 cycles at a reasonable depth discharge of 36%, without dendrite piercing and “dead Zn.”
Recruiting a prospective community cohort to study Alzheimer's disease and structural and social determinants of health among adults racialized as Black: The ARCHES cohort
Authors: Walker Alexis I. B. , Trani Jean‐Francois , Banks Christian F. , Murphy Samantha A. , Zha Wenqing , Williams Monique M. , Day Gregory S. , Zhu Yiqi , Ances Beau M. , Hill Carl V. , Hudson Darrell L. , Babulal Ganesh M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThis ongoing, prospective study examines the effectiveness of methods used to successfully recruit and retain 238 Black older adults in a longitudinal, observational Alzheimer's disease (AD) study.METHODSRecruitment strategies included traditional media, established research registries, speaking engagements, community events, and snowball sampling. Participants were asked to complete an annual office testing session, blood‐based biomarker collection, optional one‐time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, and community workshop.RESULTSWithin the first 22 months of active recruitment, 629 individuals expressed interest in participating, and 238 enrolled in the ongoing study. Of the recruitment methods used, snowball sampling, community events, and speaking engagements were the most effective.DISCUSSIONThe systemic underrepresentation of Black participants in AD research impacts the ability to generalize research findings and determine the effectiveness and safety of disease‐modifying treatments. Research to slow, stop, or prevent AD remains a top priority but requires diversity in sample representation.Highlights
Provide flexible appointments in the evening or weekends, offering transportation assistance, and allowing participants to complete study visits at alternative locations, such as senior centers or community centers.
Continuously monitor and analyze recruitment data to identify trends, challenges, and opportunities for improvement.
Implement targeted strategies to recruit participants who are underrepresented based on sex, gender, or education to increase representation.
Diversify the research team to include members who reflect the racial and cultural backgrounds of the target population, to enhance trust and rapport with prospective participants.