bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wrist MRI Arthrogram v Wrist Arthroscopy: What are we Finding?
Authors: Mahmood Aatif , Fountain James , Vasireddy Naveen , Waseem Mohammed 
Published: May 2012

The aim of the study was to compare the radiological findings of wrist arthrogram with wrist arthroscopy. This allowed us to establish the accuracy (sensitivity, specificity) of MRI arthrogram as a diagnostic tool. Thirty patients (20 female and 10 male) have undergone both wrist MRI arthrogram and wrist arthroscopy over the last 3 years at a District General Hospital. The mean age at arthrogram was 42.4 years with an average 6.7 month interval between the two procedures.
The MRI arthrogram was reported by a consultant radiologist with an interest in musculoskeletal imaging and the arthroscopies performed by two upper limb surgeons. Patients who underwent both procedures were identified. The arthrogram reports and operation notes were examined for correlation. Three main areas of pathology were consistently examined: TFCC (triangular fibrocartilage complex), scapholunate and lunotriquetral ligament tears. The sensitivity and specificity of arthrogram was calculated for each. Other areas of pathology were also noted.
In the case of TFCC tears MRI arthrogram had 90% sensitivity and 75% specificity. The lunotriquetral ligament examination with this technique was 100% sensitivity and specificity. However for scapholunate ligament tears it only had 91% sensitivity and 88% specificity.
Wrist arthrogram and arthroscopy are both invasive techniques. In cost terms the arthrogram remains cheaper but is superseded by arthroscopy as it is both diagnostic and therapeutic.
En quête d'entreprises jouant la liberté et le partage du rêve
Authors: Getz Isaac 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Des entreprises où les patrons s’attachent à forger un rêve et à le partager avec leurs salariés en leur laissant une grande capacité d’initiative, et qui seraient parmi les plus performantes : Isaac Getz est sur la piste de ces entreprises d’un nouveau type...
Thermomechanical Behavior of Bulk Ni/MWNT Composites Produced via Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Suárez Sebastián , Soldera Flavio , Oliver Carlos González , Acevedo Diego , Mücklich Frank 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe thermal expansion behavior of Ni matrix composites reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) fabricated by pressureless sintering and hot uniaxial pressing was studied in the range between 50 and 1050 °C and compared to that of pure Ni. The results show an active interaction between the MWNT and the Ni matrix by reducing the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of pure Ni up to 76% between 50 and 400 °C. This reduction is due to the strong interfacial interaction between the matrix and the reinforcement and the low intrinsic CTE of the nanotubes. This outstanding behavior may be very useful in applications were low CTE is required as for example structural materials.
The Role of Electron Affinity in Determining Whether Fullerenes Catalyze or Inhibit Photooxidation of Polymers for Solar Cells
Authors: Hoke Eric T. , Sachs‐Quintana I. T. , Lloyd Matthew T. , Kauvar Isaac , Mateker William R. , Nardes Alexandre M. , Peters Craig H. , Kopidakis Nikos , McGehee Michael D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the stability and degradation mechanisms of organic solar materials is critically important to achieving long device lifetimes. Here, an investigation of the photodegradation of polymer:fullerene blend films exposed to ambient conditions for a variety of polymer and fullerene derivative combinations is presented. Despite the wide range in polymer stabilities to photodegradation, the rate of irreversible polymer photobleaching in blend films is found to consistently and dramatically increase with decreasing electron affinity of the fullerene derivative. Furthermore, blends containing fullerenes with the smallest electron affinities photobleached at a faster rate than films of the pure polymer. These observations can be explained by a mechanism where both the polymer and fullerene donate photogenerated electrons to diatomic oxygen to form the superoxide radical anion which degrades the polymer.
Growth charts for individuals with Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome
Authors: Lee Ryan W.Y. , McGready John , Conley Sandra K. , Yanjanin Nicole M. , Nowaczyk Małgorzata J.M. , Porter Forbes D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSmith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a rare multiple congenital anomaly neurodevelopmental syndrome of impaired cholesterol synthesis. Growth restriction and developmental delay are very common clinical manifestations of SLOS. The degree, etiology, and consequences of growth restriction in SLOS remain an area of limited knowledge to the scientific community. There have been no studies describing the growth parameters and providing reference growth charts for individuals with SLOS. Our longitudinal data from 78 patients between the ages of 0.1 and 16 years with SLOS show a growth restriction of about two standard deviations below the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) norms for age. This study represents comprehensive anthropometric data from the largest cohort available, and proposes growth charts for widespread use in the management and study of individuals with SLOS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanoindentation of lemur enamel: An ecological investigation of mechanical property variations within and between sympatric species
Authors: Campbell Sara E. , Cuozzo Frank P. , Sauther Michelle L. , Sponheimer Matt , Ferguson Virginia L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe common morphological metrics of size, shape, and enamel thickness of teeth are believed to reflect the functional requirements of a primate's diet. However, the mechanical and material properties of enamel also contribute to tooth function, yet are rarely studied. Substantial wear and tooth loss previously documented in Lemur catta at the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve suggests that their dental morphology, structure, and possibly their enamel are not adapted for their current fallback food (the mechanically challenging tamarind fruit). In this study, we investigate the nanomechanical properties, mineralization, and microstructure of the enamel of three sympatric lemur species to provide insight into their dietary functional adaptations. Mechanical properties measured by nanoindentation were compared to measurements of mineral content, prism orientation, prism size, and enamel thickness using electron microscopy. Mechanical properties of all species were similar near the enamel dentin junction and variations correlated with changes in microstructure (e.g., prism size) and mineral content. Severe wear and microcracking within L. catta's enamel were associated with up to a 43% reduction in nanomechanical properties in regions of cracking versus intact enamel. The mechanical and material properties of L. catta's enamel are similar to those of sympatric folivores and suggest that they are not uniquely mechanically adapted to consume the physically challenging tamarind fruit. An understanding of the material and mechanical properties of enamel is required to fully elucidate the functional and ecological adaptations of primate teeth. Am J Phys Anthropol 148:178–190, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What is dental ecology?
Authors: Cuozzo Frank P. , Sauther Michelle L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTeeth have long been used as indicators of primate ecology. Early work focused on the links between dental morphology, diet, and behavior, with more recent years emphasizing dental wear, microstructure, development, and biogeochemistry, to understand primate ecology. Our study of Lemur catta at the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar, has revealed an unusual pattern of severe tooth wear and frequent tooth loss, primarily the result of consuming a fallback food for which these primates are not dentally adapted. Interpreting these data was only possible by combining our areas of expertise (dental anatomy [FC] and primate ecology [MS]). By integrating theoretical, methodological, and applied aspects of both areas of research, we adopted the term “dental ecology”—defined as the broad study of how teeth respond to the environment. Specifically, we view dental ecology as an interpretive framework using teeth as a vehicle for understanding an organism's ecology, which builds upon earlier work, but creates a new synthesis of anatomy and ecology that is only possible with detailed knowledge of living primates. This framework includes (1) identifying patterns of dental pathology and tooth use‐wear, within the context of feeding ecology, behavior, habitat variation, and anthropogenic change, (2) assessing ways in which dental development and biogeochemical signals can reflect habitat, environmental change and/or stress, and (3) how dental microstructure and macro‐morphology are adapted to, and reflect feeding ecology. Here we define dental ecology, provide a short summary of the development of this perspective, and place our new work into this context. Am J Phys Anthropol 148:163–170, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief Report: Long‐term outcome of a randomized clinical trial comparing methotrexate to cyclophosphamide for remission induction in early systemic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis
Authors: Faurschou Mikkel , Westman Kerstin , Rasmussen Niels , de Groot Kirsten , Flossmann Oliver , Höglund Peter , Jayne David R. W. ,   on behalf of the European Vasculitis Study Group
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe NORAM (Nonrenal Wegener's Granulomatosis Treated Alternatively with Methotrexate [MTX]) trial demonstrated that MTX can replace cyclophosphamide (CYC) as remission‐inducing treatment for patients with newly diagnosed early systemic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis. Duration of relapse‐free survival was longer among CYC‐treated patients than among MTX‐treated patients during short‐term followup. The aim of the present study was to describe the long‐term outcome in patients enrolled in the randomized clinical trial.MethodsOutcome questionnaires were sent to investigators who had recruited patients for the NORAM trial. Patients treated with MTX for induction of remission (n = 49) were compared to CYC‐treated patients (n = 46) with respect to immunosuppressive therapy during followup, relapse‐free survival, mortality, and occurrence of other clinical events.ResultsThe median duration of followup was 6 years (range 0.1–10.8 years). One patient developed end‐stage renal disease, and 11 died. The number of patients affected by serious infection, malignancy, or severe organ failure did not differ between treatment groups, and no difference in survival rate was observed. The duration of corticosteroid therapy was longer in the MTX group during the 18 months of the trial (P = 0.005). During subsequent followup, patients who were in the MTX group in the NORAM trial received corticosteroids, CYC, and other immunosuppressive agents (azathioprine, MTX, and/or mycophenolate mofetil) for longer periods than those who were in the CYC group (P = 0.004, P = 0.037, and P = 0.031, respectively). The cumulative relapse‐free survival tended to be lower in the MTX group (P = 0.056).ConclusionIn the NORAM cohort, no difference in occurrence of major adverse events was observed between treatment groups during long‐term followup. However, first‐line treatment with MTX was associated with less effective disease control than CYC‐based induction therapy.
Analysis of Density‐Dependent Binding of Glycans by Lectins Using Carbohydrate Microarrays
Authors: Tian Xizhe , Pai Jaeyoung , Shin Injae 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTo investigate the density‐dependent binding of glycans by lectins using carbohydrate microarrays, a number of C‐terminal hydrazide‐conjugated neoglycopeptides with various valences and different spatial arrangements of the sugar ligands were prepared on a solid support. The synthetic strategy includes (1) assembly of alkyne‐linked peptides possessing C‐terminal hydrazide on a solid support, (2) coupling of azide‐linked, unprotected sugars to the alkyne‐linked peptides on the solid support utilizing click chemistry, and (3) release of the neoglycopeptides from the solid support. By using this synthetic methodology, sixty five neoglycopeptides with a valency ranging from 1 to 4 and different spatial arrangements of the carbohydrate ligands were generated. Carbohydrate microarrays were constructed by immobilizing the prepared neoglycopeptides on epoxide‐derivatized glass slides and were used to analyze the density‐dependent binding of glycans by lectins. The results of binding property determinations show that lectin binding is highly dependent on the surface glycan density.
Forecasting Elections from Voters' Perceptions of Candidates' Ability to Handle Issues
Authors: Graefe Andreas , Armstrong J. Scott 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWhen deciding for whom to vote, voters should select the candidate they expect to best handle issues, all other things equal. A simple heuristic predicted that the candidate who is rated more favorably on a larger number of issues would win the popular vote. This was correct for nine out of ten U.S. presidential elections from 1972 to 2008. We then used simple linear regression to relate the incumbent's relative issue ratings to the actual two‐party popular vote shares. The resulting model yielded out‐of‐sample forecasts that were competitive with those from the Iowa Electronic Markets and established quantitative models. The issue‐index model has implications for political decision makers, as it can help to track campaigns and to decide which issues to focus on. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dimerization Determines Substrate Specificity of a Bacterial Prenyltransferase
Authors: Peterhoff David , Zellner Hermann , Guldan Harald , Merkl Rainer , Sterner Reinhard , Babinger Patrick 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe have identified the native dimer interface of heptaprenylglyceryl phosphate synthase PcrB from the bacterium Bacillus subtilis and analyzed the significance of oligomer formation for stability and catalytic activity. Computational methods predicted two different surface regions of the PcrB protomer that could be responsible for dimer formation. These bona fide interfaces were assessed both in silico and experimentally by the introduction of amino acid substitutions that led to monomerization, and by incorporation of an unnatural amino acid to allow cross‐linking of the two protomers. The results showed that, in contrast to previous assumptions, PcrB uses the same interface for dimerization as the homologous geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase from Archaea. Thermal unfolding demonstrated that the monomeric proteins are only slightly less stable than wild‐type PcrB. However, activity assays showed that monomerization limits the length of accepted polyprenyl pyrophosphates to three isoprene units, whereas the native PcrB substrate contains seven isoprene entities. We provide a plausible hypothesis as to how dimerization determines substrate specificity of PcrB.
The Unique Role of CaO in Stabilizing the Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst for the Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexane
Authors: Yu Jiafeng , Wang Rui , Ren Shiyuan , Sun Xiaoyan , Chen Chunlin , Ge Qingjie , Fang Wen , Zhang Jian , Xu Hengyong , Su Dang Sheng 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCoke‐induced deactivation is one of the major challenges in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, the performance of the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst for the hydrogen‐free dehydrogenation of cyclohexane was improved by doping with a small amount of Ca. The Ca‐modified Pt/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited a cyclohexane conversion of 97.0 % and maintained a conversion above 75 % after 48 h, whilst the unmodified catalyst was deactivated from 87.0 to 2.7 % under the same conditions. Characterization techniques, including in situ DRIFT, XPS, thermal analysis, and temperature‐programmed techniques, revealed that the presence of Ca effectively suppressed the deep dehydrogenation of H‐rich carbonaceous components and promoted coke desorption by increasing the H/C ratio of H‐deficient coke. This promotion effect of Ca was also associated with neutralizing the residual Cl ions and promoting immediate dehydrogenation.
Combining Gold and Palladium Catalysis: One‐Pot Access to Pentasubstituted Arenes from Furan–Yne and En–Diyne Substrates
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Ghanbari Mohammad , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA series of furan–yne systems was transformed into the corresponding tetrasubstituted annelated phenol derivatives that bear one bromo group. The two‐step procedure consisted of a phenol synthesis and a subsequent electrophilic bromination with N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS). The reactions can be performed in a one‐pot procedure with the same precatalyst. The halogenation reaction is highly selective only in the presence of the gold catalyst. En–diyne substrates were also suitable starting materials; then the pentasubstituted aromatic core showed a completely different substitution pattern for the phenolic products. Furthermore, a one‐pot protocol that consisted of a gold‐catalyzed phenol synthesis, a gold‐catalyzed halogenation reaction, and a palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling was established. The overall efficiency of this procedure was excellent and the substrate scope of the reaction was broad.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Template‐Free Hydrothermal Synthesis of Mn3O4 Nanorods on Graphene Sheets for Supercapacitor Electrodes with Long Cycle Stability.
Authors: Lee Jeong Woo , Hall Anthony S. , Kim Jong‐Duk , Mallouk Thomas E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGraphene/Mn3O4 composites for use in supercapacitors are hydrothermally synthesized from an ethylene glycol suspension of an aqueous dispersion of graphene sheets and KMnO4 (autoclave, 120 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Titania Nanosheets Hierarchically Assembled on Carbon Nanotubes as High‐Rate Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Wu Hao Bin , Lou Xiong Wen , Hng Huey Hoon 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHierarchically structured nanocables with TiO2 nanosheets anchored on carbon nanotubes are prepared from carbon nanotubes and Ti(O‐Bu)4 dispersed in a mixture of DMF and iPrOH (autoclave, 180 °C, 20 h) followed by calcination in N2 at 500 °C for 2 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructured BiVO4 Photocatalysts Synthesized via a Polymer‐Assisted Coprecipitation Method and Their Photocatalytic Properties under Visible‐Light Irradiation.
Authors: Garcia‐Perez U. M. , Sepulveda‐Guzman S. , Martinez‐de la Cruz A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe title photocatalysts are synthesized by coprecipitation from solutions of Bi(NO3)3 in HNO3, NH4VO3 in NH4OH, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose in water and characterized by powder XRD, SEM, and FTIR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Porous Montmorillonite Heterostructures Directed by a Single Alkyl Ammonium Template for Controlling the Product Distribution of Fischer—Tropsch Synthesis over Cobalt.
Authors: Su Dang Sheng , et al. et al. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPorous clay heterostructures are synthesized using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ion‐exchanged montmorillonite and Si(OEt)4 as a Si precursor under normal conditions and supercritical CO2 conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Binary Pnictogen Azides—An Experimental and Theoretical Study: [As(N3)4]‐, [Sb(N3)4]‐, and [Bi(N3)5(dmso)]2‐.
Authors: Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe structures of the new compounds (III) and (V) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Comparative Coordination Chemistry of New Rare‐Earth V4+ Compounds.
Authors: Kimani Martin M. , McMillen Colin D. , Kolis Joseph W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNew hydrated rare earth vanadates and rare earth oxy‐vanadates are characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, and UV/VIS spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Perovskite‐Type Oxyfluoride, PbMnO2F.
Authors: Katsumata Tetsuhiro , Nakashima Mamoru , Inaguma Yoshiyuki , Tsurui Takao 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe new title compound is synthesized by high pressure/high temperature reaction of PbF2, PbO, and Mn2O3 (multi‐anvil‐type high‐pressure apparatus, 4—7 GPa, 1000 °C, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Rare‐Earth Metal Chlorides as Efficient Catalysts for the Simple and Green Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted Benzimidazoles and 2‐Substituted Benzothiazoles under Ultrasound Irradiation.
Authors: Zhang Li‐Jun , Xia Jing , Zhou Yong‐Qing , Wang Hua , Wang Shao‐Wu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA wide variety of 1,2‐disubstituted benzimidazoles (III) and (V) is prepared by YCl3‐catalyzed reaction of o‐phenylenediamine (I) with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: 9‐Azanoradamantane N‐Oxyl (Nor‐AZADO): A Highly Active Organocatalyst for Alcohol Oxidation.
Authors: Hayashi Masaki , Sasano Yusuke , Nagasawa Shota , Shibuya Masatoshi , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe catalyst exhibits superior activity compared to TEMPO and related 2‐azaadamantane N‐oxyls (16 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Hydroxylation Mediated by Alkoxysulfonium Ions.
Authors: Ashikari Yosuke , Nokami Toshiki , Yoshida Jun‐ichi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAnodic oxidation of toluene derivatives in the presence of DMSO followed by hydrolysis of the alkoxysulfonium ion intermediates allows a new and selective access to benzylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Initiated Hydroamination of 2‐Ethoxypropenal with Secondary Amines.
Authors: Keiko N. A. , Verochkina E. A. , Larina L. I. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMicrowave irradiation and the presence of water significantly accelerate the addition of secondary amines to 2‐ethoxypropenal.
ChemInform Abstract: A Microwave‐Assisted Deconjugative Esterification of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids Through α,β‐Unsaturated Ketene Intermediates.
Authors: Sano Shigeki , Ichikawa Takashi , Nakao Michiyasu , Nagao Yoshimitsu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot protocol for the preparation of β,γ‐unsaturated esters is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Methylcarbonate and Bicarbonate Phosphonium Salts as Catalysts for the Nitroaldol (Henry) Reaction.
Authors: Fabris Massimo , Noe Marco , Perosa Alvise , Selva Maurizio , Ballini Roberto 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe phosphonium salt CPS and its bicarbonate analogue efficiently promote the addition of aldehydes and ketones to nitroalkanes.
ChemInform Abstract: New Preparation Method for Vilsmeier Reagent and Related Imidoyl Chlorides.
Authors: Kimura Yoshikazu , Matsuura Daisuke , Hanawa Takeshi , Kobayashi Yukimoto 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA novel method for the synthesis of Vilsmeier reagent (II) and related imidoyl chlorides uses OPC as chlorinating agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Well‐Defined Binuclear Chiral Spiro Copper Catalysts for Enantioselective N—H Insertion.
Authors: Zhu Shou‐Fei , Xu Bin , Wang Guo‐Peng , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe synthetic value of the present protocol is demonstrated by preparation of herbicide (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethylation of Organoboronic Acids and Esters.
Authors: Zhao Yanchuan , Hu Jinbo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAryl boronic acids are efficiently converted into the corresponding (trifluoroethyl)arenes by treatment with the readily available reagent CF3CH2I (19 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Trifluoromethylation of Arylboronates with Shelf‐Stable Potassium (Trifluoromethyl)trimethoxyborate.
Authors: Khan Bilal A. , Buba Annette E. , Goossen Lukas J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWith copper acetate as mediator and molecular oxygen as the oxidant, the reaction provides the trifluoromethylated products in yields which are comparable to or even higher than those reported in related trifluoromethylations.