bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Distinct Roles of ARABIDOPSIS HOMOLOG OF TRITHORAX1 (ATX1) at Promoters and within Transcribed Regions of ATX1-Regulated Genes
Authors: Ding Yong , Avramova Zoya , Fromm Michael 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana trithorax-like protein, ATX1, shares common structural domains, has similar histone methyltransferase (HMT) activity, and belongs in the same phylogenetic subgroup as its animal counterparts. Most of our knowledge of the role of HMTs in trimethylating lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4me3) in transcriptional regulation comes from studies of yeast and mammalian homologs. Little is known about the mechanism by which ATX1, or any other HMT of plant origin, affects transcription. Here, we provide insights into how ATX1 influences transcription at regulated genes, playing two distinct roles. At promoters, ATX1 is required for TATA binding protein (TBP) and RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment. In a subsequent event, ATX1 is recruited by a phosphorylated form of Pol II to the +300-bp region of transcribed sequences, where it trimethylates nucleosomes. In support of this model, inhibition of phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of Pol II reduced the amounts of H3K4me3 and ATX1 bound at the +300-nucleotide region. Importantly, these changes did not reduce the occupancy of ATX1, TBP, or Pol II at promoters. Our results indicate that ATX1 affects transcription at target genes by a mechanism distinct from its ability to trimethylate H3K4 within genes.
Regulation and Flexibility of Genomic Imprinting during Seed Development
Authors: Raissig Michael T. , Baroux Célia , Grossniklaus Ueli 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGenomic imprinting results in monoallelic gene expression in a parent-of-origin–dependent manner. It is achieved by the differential epigenetic marking of parental alleles. Over the past decade, studies in the model systems Arabidopsis thaliana and maize (Zea mays) have shown a strong correlation between silent or active states with epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, but the nature of the primary imprint has not been clearly established for all imprinted genes. Phenotypes and expression patterns of imprinted genes have fueled the perception that genomic imprinting is specific to the endosperm, a seed tissue that does not contribute to the next generation. However, several lines of evidence suggest a potential role for imprinting in the embryo, raising questions as to how imprints are erased and reset from one generation to the next. Imprinting regulation in flowering plants shows striking similarities, but also some important differences, compared with the mechanisms of imprinting described in mammals. For example, some imprinted genes are involved in seed growth and viability in plants, which is similar in mammals, where imprinted gene regulation is essential for embryonic development. However, it seems to be more flexible in plants, as imprinting requirements can be bypassed to allow the development of clonal offspring in apomicts.
Assembly of the Chloroplast ATP-Dependent Clp Protease in Arabidopsis Is Regulated by the ClpT Accessory Proteins
Authors: Sjögren Lars L.E. , Clarke Adrian K. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The ATP-dependent caseinolytic protease (Clp) is an essential housekeeping enzyme in plant chloroplasts. It is by far the most complex of all known Clp proteases, with a proteolytic core consisting of multiple catalytic ClpP and noncatalytic ClpR subunits. It also includes a unique form of Clp protein of unknown function designated ClpT, two of which exist in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Inactivation of ClpT1 or ClpT2 significantly reduces the amount of Clp proteolytic core, whereas loss of both proves seedling lethal under autotrophic conditions. During assembly of the Clp proteolytic core, ClpT1 first binds to the P-ring (consisting of ClpP3-6 subunits) followed by ClpT2, and only then does the P-ring combine with the R-ring (ClpP1, ClpR1-4 subunits). Most of the ClpT proteins in chloroplasts exist in vivo as homodimers, which then apparently monomerize prior to association with the P-ring. Despite their relative abundance, however, the availability of both ClpT proteins is rate limiting for the core assembly, with the addition of recombinant ClpT1 and ClpT2 increasing core content up to fourfold. Overall, ClpT appears to regulate the assembly of the chloroplast Clp protease, revealing a new and sophisticated control mechanism on the activity of this vital protease in plants.
Physico‐chemical properties of African star apple (Chrysophylum albidum) components
Authors: Adunni Abiodun Olufunmilola , Oladapo A.S. 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the physico‐chemical properties of African star apple (Chrysophylum albidum) components. African star apples are among the under‐utilized fruits in Nigeria therefore, the four succulent components (peel, pulp, juice and pericarp) of the fruit were analyzed and compared with other known fruits.Design/methodology/approachAfrican star apples were purchased and divided into two portions. The first portion was washed and the juice was expressed manually into a bottle and covered, while in the second portion, the peel, pulp and the pericarp (mucilage on the seeds) were separated. The physico‐chemical analyses (moisture, total solid, pH, titratable acidity, total sugar, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and total soluble solids) were carried out on the four components.FindingsMoisture content ranged from 53.5 per cent in peel to 86.3 per cent in juice, while the peel had higher total solid and the least was in the juice. The pH of peel was lower than that of other components. The peel had lower titratable acidity (1.2 per cent) and sugar (0.9 Brix) while the juice had higher value (5.4 Brix) in sugar and 15.0 mg/100 g carotenoid. The juice was rich in ascorbic acid (28.5 mg/100 g) followed by the pulp (25.0 mg/100 g). The pulp had higher total soluble solids (24.8 per cent) and the least was in the pericarp (9.8 per cent).Originality/valueThe physico‐chemical properties of the African star apple fruit gave an indication of the usefulness of this fruit in brewing industry especially for wine making and jelly or jam manufacture. Processing of this fruit will curb wastage during its season and make it available in different form.
Diet adequacy in UK schoolchildren
Authors: Ruxton C.H.S. , Derbyshire E. 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThere is a strong interest in the quality of children's diets as this can impact on current and future health. The aim of this paper is to review current and past literature on UK children's diets to evaluate the adequacy of nutrient intakes in comparison with recommendations, and to identify population groups that may be at particular risk of nutritional deficiencies.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was carried out to locate and summarise up‐to‐date published studies and reports which addressed dietary intakes of UK children, trends overtime and current dietary issues.FindingsAlthough UK children's diets appear to have improved in recent years, intakes of several key nutrients remain below dietary recommendations. Iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium and zinc are especially low in some groups, whilst intakes of saturated fat and sugar exceed current targets. Thus, further improvements are needed. In the meantime, parents may consider giving children a daily multi‐vitamin to ensure that micronutrient recommendations are achieved. The lack of child‐specific targets for fibre, long‐chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3PUFA), vitamin D and fruit and vegetables portions makes it difficult to properly evaluate children's diets for these important dietary components.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies should use consistent age ranges and methods of dietary assessment to enable better comparisons. Research is needed to underpin child‐specific dietary guidelines for LCn3PUFA, fibre and vitamin D.Originality/valueThis paper gives a concise, up‐to‐date overview of the current diet quality of UK children.
Development of nutraceutical carriers for functional food applications
Authors: Nasirullah  , Kumar Pravin , Shariff Rizwan 
Published: January 2011

PurposeNutraceuticals which have nutritional and therapeutic properties cannot be consumed directly due to their off flavor hence, a carrier in the form of microcapsules may be a better option for their application in foods. The purpose of this paper is to describe the preparation of nutraceutical barriers as microcapsulels.Design/methodology/approachNutraceutical concentrates were isolated using methanol from sesame (Sesamum indicum), linseeds (Linum usitatissimum), black mustard (Brassica napus), yellow mustard (Brassica compestris) and niger seeds (Guizotai abyssinica) employing established protocol. These concentrates were further purified, enriching active ingredients using column chromatography to remove hydrocarbons, gums and other non‐polar inactive materials. These purified concentrates were subjected for sesamol, tocopherol, polyphenol and β‐carotene estimations. Subsequently, they were converted into microcapsules using spray drying, inclusion complexation and liposomal entrapment techniques.FindingsThe scanning electron microscope image of the spray‐dried nutraceutical concentrates isolated from sesame seeds showed that microcapsules were spherical in shape with 5‐25 μm in diameter with mean particle size of 10 μm with smooth outer surface and bee net like inner structure which yielded a uniform and smooth wall of microcapsules. Thickness of the wall was found to be 2‐5 μm. Sesamol, tocopherol, polyphenol and β‐carotene found to be ranging between 35,600 and 0; 14,520 and 890; 35,800 and 5,900 and 890 and 290 ppm. The encapsulation efficiency of spray drying, inclusion complexation and liposomal entrapment was 75.5, 54 and 58 percent, respectively, which considered to be good efficiency. The moisture content of the powders were found to be between 4 and 5 percent. The difference between the highest and the lowest moisture content at each relative humidity was about 0.5 percent. The percent nutraceutical concentrate adhering to the surface of granules during above encapsulation ranged between 1 and 5.5 percent.Originality/valueMuch work has been done on the nutraceuticals but information is very scarce on nutraceutical carriers. To carry the nutraceuticals to the site of delivery in intact form, nutraceutical carriers are inevitable. This paper describes how to prepare nutraceutical carriers as microcapsules by using spray drying, complexation and liposome entrapment procedures to obtain stable granules which can be used in food applications.
Health‐related content in Australian television advertising
Authors: Baker Julia Alice , Mullan Barbara Ann 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the proportions of health‐related content in non‐program time on Australian television, and how this relates to channel, product category, program genre and whether it is an advertisement or public service announcement (PSA).Design/methodology/approachAustralian prime time television was recorded across three commercial television stations in Sydney. Non‐program content (NPC) was coded according to the channel, program genre, length of content and product advertised. In total, 44 hours of programming was recorded.FindingsNot surprisingly, significant differences were found in the percentage of health‐related content between advertisements (22 percent) and PSAs (67 percent). Again unsurprisingly there was also a significant relationship between the product category and health‐related content (χ2=366.601, p=0.000), but also between health‐related content and program genre (χ2=20.594, p=0.024), particularly situation comedies (31 percent) and sport (15 percent). No difference was found in the percentage of health‐related content between the channels.Research limitations/implicationsDifferences existing in the amount of NPC across program genre suggest that viewers of programs with high rates of health‐related content in advertising may have higher exposure to product dependant health information.Originality/valueHealth information is examined in a general sample without focus on particular demographics or health topics and the role of program genre is investigated.
Student internships bridge research to real world problems
Authors: Hynie Michaela , Jensen Krista , Johnny Michael , Wedlock Jane , Phipps David 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether unstructured graduate student research internships conducted in collaboration with community agencies build capacity and knowledge for students and community.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports the results of four semi‐structured interviews and 20 pre‐ and post‐internship surveys of students' perceptions of their internship activities; whether participation built research capacity in students and community resulted in the creation of new knowledge and promoted ongoing partnerships and relationships.FindingsStudents reported generating concrete outcomes for community partners, the acquisition of new research and professional skills, plus an increased understanding of theoretical knowledge. Many students also maintained ongoing relationships with their organizational partners beyond the terms of their internship.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations to this study are the relatively small sample size and reliance on self‐report measures.Practical implicationsThe paper describes a model for student‐community engagement that benefits both community and students.Social implicationsAs universities explore their relationships with their local communities, graduate student internships have tremendous potential for supporting research and knowledge‐based needs of local communities, while providing valuable skills and training to a cohort of students in bridging academic research to real world solutions. These students may go on to be community engaged scholars, or research trained personnel in the community.Originality/valueThe results presented in this paper demonstrate the benefits to graduate students in scholarship of engagement programs that prioritize true partnership between students, universities and communities.
Employability for the workers – what does this mean?
Authors: Margaret Little Brenda 
Published: January 2011

PurposeUK government strategies for higher education (HE) continue to emphasise the promotion and enhancement of students' employability skills and subsequent graduate opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to explore what this means for those HE learners already in work.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents the findings of a national study on the impact of Foundation degrees (Fds) on students and the workplace, in the light of government's plans for the continuing expansion of HE, and discussions about employability.FindingsThe study found that the majority of Fd students cited increased confidence as the main gain from their studies; such confidence was expressed in terms of how students' enhanced knowledge and understandings informed their workplace activities and tasks but these expressions did not necessarily fit neatly into narrow skills' definitions. Also the findings hint at some students facing difficulties in using their enhanced “skills” in the workplace.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough based on a relatively small number of Fd programmes, the student voices represent a powerful message of the value of linking studies to their workplace practices and of the multi‐dimensional nature of “confidence” based on personal experiences and trajectories.Practical implicationsWhile the term “employability skills” is regularly used in the discourse of graduates' trajectories in to the labour market, more nuanced understandings are needed in relation to HE learners already in the workplace.Originality/valueGiven government's expectation that the next phase of expansion of UK HE will embrace an increase in part‐time study and work‐based learning, the article represents a timely exploration of work‐based students' perceptions of the development of employability skills and how they are able to deploy these in the workplace.
The impact of the shifting pensions landscape on the psychological contract
Authors: Gough Orla , Arkani Sepideh 
Published: January 2011

PurposeChanges in employment contracts and the provision of occupational pension schemes together with the Employment Equality (Age) regulations are likely to impact on the psychological contract between employers and employees. This paper aims to investigate the potential nature of this impact.Design/methodology/approachThe role of DB and DC pension schemes are examined. The psychological contract, e.g. the employer's promise to the employee of a certain pension outcome in return for long‐term loyal service and sense of loyalty and commitment, have prompted employers to rethink.FindingsDC pensions do not reward workers who have risen through an organisation in the same way as DB schemes and are generally less expensive. It is argued that employers have shifted their emphasis from the relational component of the psychological contract to the transactional. In contrast with the difficulties that the Regulations may create for employers, they provide greater flexibility and choice to those who, for whatever reason, wish to remain in employment, at least until the age of 65.Originality/valueThis paper was compiled through a literature review and the authors' own knowledge of the subject and will be of interest to those in business.
The case of OD in an NGO in India
Authors: Nair Nisha , Vohra Neharika 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to report an organizational development (OD) exercise carried out in a prominent non‐governmental organization (NGO) that works in the area of rights and advocacy in India.Design/methodology/approachThe exercise was part of the first author's graduate program, which required the application of behavioral science theory to a live organization under the supervision of her advisor, the second author. The organizational development exercise spread over four months, involved entering an organization, interacting with key participants and stakeholders of the organization both formally and informally, diagnosing issues facing the organization and a mirroring exercise with the management at the end of the intervention to provide feedback.FindingsSome of the issues and improvement areas that emerged through the exercise are discussed in the paper. It also offers reflections on some of the key lessons learnt during the process of intervention, with implications for OD in developmental organizations.Originality/valueThe paper offers insights into OD interventions in the developmental sector, posing a different set of challenges than conventional organizations, and also because the organization itself was in a state of flux at the time of the intervention.
Internal consultation skill and linkage with the critical strategic roles of HR practitioners in Malaysia
Authors: Sang Long Choi , Khairuzzaman Wan Ismail Wan , Mohd Amin Salmiah 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between the role of internal consultant and role of the HR practitioners in the manufacturing companies of Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThree main elements in the competency of internal consultation are measured. They are: knowledge in the area of project management; internal coaching ability; and the ability to be a solution provider.FindingsThe HR practitioner needs to overcome many barriers to reach the ultimate goal of becoming a strategic partner in his or her organisation. The findings suggest that the HR executive that understands business strategy is more likely to develop HR processes and procedures that support the implementation of a business strategy and are therefore, better able to involve themselves in organisational development activities on a deeper level.Research limitations/implicationsThis study by its very nature is limited by virtue of its having been carried out only on manufacturing companies in Johor, the Southern‐most state of Malaysia. Thus, its findings cannot be generalised. The number of respondents in this study was relatively small (89) and does not fully represent the thousands of HR managers employed by manufacturers in Malaysia.Practical implicationsEven though the findings cannot be used to reflect the overall HR competency of internal consultation in Malaysia, it does serve as an exploratory study that can be expanded more broadly in the future.Originality/valueThe paper can help HR professionals to look more perceptively into the expectations of their CEOs concerning their role as HR practitioners and will be of interest to those working in that area.
Polarities in executive coaching
Authors: Glunk Ursula , Follini Beth 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to show how polarity coaching can foster meaningful change among executive clients through sponsoring a deeper understanding and acceptance of interdependent opposites.Design/methodology/approachThe study explores what is required from the coach and the coaching relationship and how clients can be supported in overcoming polarity traps. A social constructionist and sense‐making approach to coaching is followed and the paper draws on relevant literature from the fields of psychotherapy, coaching, and dialogical change.FindingsIt is shown that before engaging in polarity coaching it is important for coaches to become aware of the polarity tensions that are prevalent in their own work and to explore their personal preferences when facing these tensions. A coach who is able to hold interdependent opposites with ease in the coaching encounter will allow clients to experience transformation on a deeper level.Originality/valueThe core of the paper is the polarity‐coaching model, which describes how coaches can guide their clients through a process of discovering polarized thinking, pole exploration, and boundary softening for becoming more comfortable with interdependent opposites. The paper will be of interest to those in the field of coaching executives.
Poland: the brand
Authors: Mielewczyk Dorota , Czuba Tomasz 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to examine “Poland the brand”, a project which has been funded to ascertain whether Poland had identifiable, quintessentially Polish, products of national origin, that if promoted could help improve Poland's standing within Europe.Design/methodology/approachThe approach taken is primary research with direct interviews methods. The interview questionnaire consisted of 15 questions, including six which were open ended.FindingsTypical character traits ascribed to Poles are: hospitality (28.5 per cent), creativity (12.5 per cent), diligence, familiarity and bravery. Foreigners more often than Poles appreciate the familiarity and openness of Poles. Traditional Polish features that should be kept and maintained are the family ties (92.9 per cent), the memory of the departed (88.2 per cent), patriotism (85.4 per cent), fantasy and romance (77.6 per cent), and courtesy towards women (77.6 per cent). Respondents believe that from the Europeans, Poles should adopt such characteristics as: optimism (96.1 per cent), professionalism (94.9 per cent), openness (94.5 per cent), respect for other people's property (93.3 per cent), tolerance (91.8 per cent), the importance of ties outside the family (90.6 per cent) and respect for law (90.6 per cent).Originality/valueThe paper offers an image of Poland according to Polish and foreign students, focusing on typical Polish brands and strengths of Poland in the eyes of young people (students) born in free Poland.