bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimode Photon Blockade with a Reversed Design Method
Authors: Zhou Yan‐Hui , Liu Tong , Zhang Xing‐Yuan , Wu Qi‐Cheng , Chen Dong‐Xu , Shi Zhi‐Cheng , Yang Chui‐Ping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecently, a groundbreaking advancement known as multimode photon blockade (MPB) is proposed by S. Chakram et al. [Nature. Phys. 18, 879‐884 (2022)], showcasing its ability to generate multimode W states. Inspired by their work, in this paper, an interesting method is proposed to investigate MPB by engineering the eigenstates of the system Hamiltonian, which is defined as the reverse design method. It is demonstrated that an entangled state is created with a certain probability by sharing a single photon between two coupled Kerr‐nonlinear cavities. This entangled state in the two‐coupled cavities blocks the creation of the subsequent photons. The system is in a superposition of only the entangled state and the vacuum state. And the photon blockade (PB) exists in two cavities simultaneously. The reversed design method can also be utilized to study MPB in three coupled cavities with Kerr nonlinearities by creating a three‐qubit W state.
Transudative pleural effusion in pleuritis associated with immunoglobulin G4‐related disease diagnosed by thoracoscopy under local anaesthesia
Authors: Kato Yuto , Fukunaga Kentaro , Ooka Aya , Tokuoka Shunichi , Kataoka Yoko , Fujita Takuya , Sugihara Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Masafumi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImmunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)‐related disease is a chronic inflammatory condition often characterized by exudative pleural effusions. However, transudative pleural effusions, like in the presented case of an 80‐year‐old man with multiple comorbidities, are less common but possible. Despite initial treatment with diuretics, the effusion persisted, prompting further investigation. Medical thoracoscopy revealed lymphatic follicle hyperplasia and an abundance of IgG4‐positive plasmacytoid cells, confirming IgG4‐related pleuritis. This case underscores the importance of considering inflammatory etiologies, such as IgG4‐related disease, when faced with unresponsive transudative pleural effusions. Thoracoscopy serves as a valuable diagnostic tool in such scenarios, allowing for precise diagnosis and appropriate management.
Cooperative control of variable damping error port Hamiltonian and backstepping nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for manipulators driven by PMSMs
Authors: Guo Qingkun , Yu Haisheng , Yang Qing , Gao Xunkai , Meng Xiangxiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo improve the disadvantages of signal control and energy control, a cooperative control strategy combining signal control and energy control is proposed for manipulators driven by permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) in this article. The cooperative control strategy is achieved by way of the convex combination of signal controller and energy controller, and Gaussian function is selected as cooperative function. The energy controller applies variable damping error port Hamiltonian and the signal controller uses backstepping nonsingular terminal sliding mode control. The PMSM with loss model is applied to obtain higher efficiency. To deal with modeling errors and joint friction, a nonlinear disturbance observer is used for manipulators system. Simulation and experiment results display that the designed strategy not only increases efficiency, but also enhances dynamic and steady‐state performance of manipulators.
A cable‐driven underwater robotic system for delicate manipulation of marine biology samples
Authors: Zarebidoki Mahmoud , Dhupia Jaspreet Singh , Liarokapis Minas , Xu Weiliang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderwater robotic systems have the potential to assist and complement humans in dangerous or remote environments, such as in the monitoring, sampling, or manipulation of sensitive underwater species. Here we present the design, modeling, and development of an underwater manipulator (UM) with a lightweight cable‐driven structure that allows for delicate deep‐sea reef sampling. The compact and lightweight design of the UM and gripper decreases the coupling effect between the UM and the underwater vehicle (UV) significantly. The UM and gripper are equipped with force sensors, enabling them for soft and sensitive object manipulation and grasping. The accurate force exertion capabilities of the UM ensure efficient operation in the process of localization and approaching reef samples, such as the corals and sponges. The active force control of the tendon‐driven gripper ensures gentle/delicate grasping, handling, and transporting of the marine samples without damaging their tissues. A complete simulation of the UM is provided for deriving the required specifications of actuators and sensors to be compatible with the UVs with a speed range of 1–4 Knots. The system's performance for accurate trajectory tracking and delicate grasping of two different types of underwater species (a sponge skeleton and a Neptune's necklace seaweed) is verified using a model‐free robust‐adaptive position/force controller.
Deeper Insights into the Morphology Effect of Na2Ti3O7 Nanoarrays on Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Chen Xiangxiong , Li Jun , Gao Zhaohe , Qian Dong , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Liu Jinlong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNa2Ti3O7‐based anodes show great promise for Na+ storage in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), though the effect of Na2Ti3O7 morphology on battery performance remains poorly understood. Herein, hydrothermal syntheses is used to prepare free‐standing Na2Ti3O7 nanosheets or Na2Ti3O7 nanotubes on Ti foil substrates, with the structural and electrochemical properties of the resulting electrodes explored in detail. Results show that the Na2Ti3O7 nanosheet electrode (NTO NSs) delivered superior performance in terms of reversible capacity, rate capability, and especially long‐term durability in SIBs compared to its nanotube counterpart (NTO NTs). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations, combined with density functional theory calculations, demonstrated that the flexible 2D Na2Ti3O7 nanosheets are mechanically more robust than the rigid Na2Ti3O7 nanotube arrays during prolonged battery cycling, explaining the superior durability of the NTO NSs electrode. This work prompts the use of anodes based on Na2Ti3O7 nanosheets in the future development of high‐performance SIBs.
Rational Design of Activatable Lanthanide NIR‐IIb Emissive Nanoprobe for In Situ Specific Imaging of HOCl In Vivo
Authors: Bi Shenghui , Wen Xingwang , Wu Zezheng , Wang Chunxia , Huang Hao , Liu Zhiqiu , Zeng Songjun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHypochlorous acid (HOCl), as an indispensable signaling molecule in organisms, is one of the key members of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, in vivo, real‐time dynamic near‐infrared fluorescence imaging of HOCl levels in the 1400‐1700 nm sub‐window (NIR‐IIb) remains a major challenge due to the lack of suitable detection methods. Herein, a general design of HOCl‐responsive NIR‐IIb fluorescence nanoprobe is proposed by integrating NaLuF4Yb/Er@NaLuF4 downshift nanoparticles (DSNPs) and HOCl recognition/NIR‐IIb emissive modulation unit of M2‐xS (M = Cu, Co, Pb) nanodots for real‐time monitoring of HOCl levels. The fluorescence modulation unit of M2‐xS nanodots presents remarkably enhanced absorption than Yb sensitizer at 980 nm and greatly inhibits the NIR‐IIb fluorescence emission via competitive absorption mechanism. While, the M2‐xS nanodots are easily degraded after triggering by HOCl, resulting in HOCl responsive turn‐on (≈ten folds) NIR‐IIb emission at 1532 nm. More importantly, in vivo highly precise and specific monitoring of inflammatory with abnormal HOCl expression is successfully achieved. Thus, the explored competitive absorption mediated quenching‐activation mechanism provides a new general strategy of designing HOCl‐responsive NIR‐IIb fluorescence nanoprobe for highly specific and sensitive HOCl detection.
Machine Learning‐Guided Prediction of Desalination Capacity and Rate of Porous Carbons for Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Wang Hao , Jiang Mingxi , Xu Guangsheng , Wang Chenglong , Xu Xingtao , Liu Yong , Li Yuquan , Lu Ting , Yang Guang , Pan Likun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNowadays, capacitive deionization (CDI) has emerged as a prominent technology in the desalination field, typically utilizing porous carbons as electrodes. However, the precise significance of electrode properties and operational conditions in shaping desalination performance remains blurry, necessitating numerous time‐consuming and resource‐intensive CDI experiments. Machine learning (ML) presents an emerging solution, offering the prospect of predicting CDI performance with minimal investment in electrode material synthesis and testing. Herein, four ML models are used for predicting the CDI performance of porous carbons. Among them, the gradient boosting model delivers the best performance on test set with low root mean square error values of 2.13 mg g−1 and 0.073 mg g−1 min−1 for predicting desalination capacity and rate, respectively. Furthermore, SHapley Additive exPlanations is introduced to analyze the significance of electrode properties and operational conditions. It highlights that electrolyte concentration and specific surface area exert a substantially more influential role in determining desalination performance compared to other features. Ultimately, experimental validation employing metal–organic frameworks‐derived porous carbons and biomass‐derived porous carbons as CDI electrodes is conducted to affirm the prediction accuracy of ML models. This study pioneers ML techniques for predicting CDI performance, offering a compelling strategy for advancing CDI technology.
Slurry Casted Ultrathin Li3Zr2Si2PO12 Electrolyte Film for Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Nana , Li Wei , Li Rui , Di Hexiang , Wen Bohua , Zhang Lan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThin and flexible solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) films with high ionic conductivity and low interfacial resistance are urgently required for lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, it's still challenging to reduce the film thickness to <20 µm, especially for those with high ceramic contents. Herein, a facile slurry casting method is developed to prepare the ultra‐thin (14 µm) Li3Zr2Si2PO12 (LZSP) films with ceramic content up to 91% using a composite polymer binder, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and polyethylene oxide (PEO). It shows that PEO not only enhanced the film flexibility but also makes it be easily peeled off to form a freestanding membrane, PLN. To promote the interfacial ion transport, PEO/lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) is introduced to the film surface, and the resultant tri‐layer film, PPLN, shows a satisfying room temperature ionic conductivity of 0.116 mS cm−1, high Li+ transference number of 0.79, and good compatibility with metal lithium. As a result, LMBs using LiFePO4 cathode and PPLN electrolyte exhibit excellent safety as well as electrochemical performances in the wide temperature range between room temperature (RT) and 100 °C.
Discovery of Self‐Assembled 2D Ru/Si Superlattices Boosting Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Cai Weizheng , He Xinyi , Ye Tian‐Nan , Hu Xinmeng , Liu Chuanlong , Sasase Masato , Kitano Masaaki , Kamiya Toshio , Hosono Hideo , Wu Jiazhen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract2D heterostructuring is a versatile methodology for designing nanoarchitecture catalytic systems that allow for reconstruction and modulation of interfaces and electronic structures. However, catalysts with such structures are extremely scarce due to limited synthetic strategies. Here, a highly ordered 2D Ru/Si/Ru/Si… nano‐heterostructures (RSHS) is reported by acid etching of the LaRuSi electride. RSHS shows a superior electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution with an overpotential of 14 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline media. Both experimental analyses and first‐principles calculations demonstrate that the electronic states of Ru can be tuned by strong interactions of the interfacial Ru–Si, leading to an optimized hydrogen adsorption energy. Moreover, due to the synergistic effect of Ru and Si, the energy barrier of water dissociation is significantly reduced. The well‐organized superlattice structure will provide a paradigm for construction of efficient catalysts with tunable electronic states and dual active sites.
Ferulic Acid Inhibits Arsenic‐Induced Colon Injury by Improving Intestinal Barrier Function
Authors: Wang Shumin , Hong Yan , Li Yuxiu , Zhang Zhenfen , Han Jing , Yang Zhe , Yang Yanping , Ma Zhaolei , Wang Qi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe prolonged exposure to arsenic results in intestinal barrier dysfunction, which is strongly concerned with detrimental processes such as oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. Ferulic acid (FA), as a phenolic acid, possesses the capability to mitigate arsenic‐induced liver damage and cardiotoxic effects dependent on inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. FA can mitigate testicular tissue damage and alveolar epithelial dysfunction, the mechanism of which may rely on nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO‐1) activation and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway blocking. Based on the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties of FA, we speculated that FA might have the potential to inhibit arsenic‐induced intestinal damage. To confirm this scientific hypothesis, mice exposed to sodium arsenite were treated with FA to observe colonic histopathology and TJ protein levels, and oxidative stress and TJ protein levels in Caco‐2 cells exposed to sodium arsenite were assessed after FA intervention. In addition, molecular levels of NF‐κB and Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway in colon and Caco‐2 cells were also detected. As shown in our data, FA inhibited arsenic‐induced colon injury, which was reflected in the improvement of mucosal integrity, the decrease of down‐regulated expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins (Claudin‐1, Occludin, and ZO‐1) and the inhibition of oxidative stress. Similarly, treatment with FA attenuated the inhibitory effect of arsenic on TJ protein expression in Caco‐2 cells. In addition to suppressing the activation of NF‐κB pathway, FA retrieved the activation of Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway in colon and intestinal epithelial cells induced by arsenic. In summary, our findings propose that FA has the potential to mitigate arsenic‐induced intestinal damage by preserving the integrity of intestinal epithelial TJs and suppressing oxidative stress. These results lay the groundwork for the potential use of FA in treating colon injuries caused by arsenic.
Do tight nosebands have an effect on the upper airways of horses?
Authors: Scholler Dominik , Wittenberg Jana , Zablotski Yury , May Anna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe public perception relating to the welfare of horses involved with equestrian sports is associated with training methods used and the presentation of horses at events. In this context, very tight nosebands, which are intended to prevent the horse from opening its mouth, also attract a lot of attention. Various studies have evaluated the impact of tight nosebands on stress parameters, whereas the effect of tight nosebands on upper airway function is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study was to use overground endoscopy to evaluate changes in pharyngeal and laryngeal function when a tight noseband is fitted. Moreover, the ridden horse pain ethogram (RHpE) was applied to investigate signs of discomfort (Dyson et al., 2018).Study designA randomized, blinded, and prospective study was performed.MethodsSixteen warmblood horses consisting of twelve mares and four geldings with a mean age of 11.63 ± 3.53 years were ridden on 2 consecutive days with either loose or tight nosebands (two fingers or no space between bridge of the nose and noseband, respectively) and inserted endoscope in a random order. Videos were taken in a riding arena during a standardized exercise protocol involving beginner level tasks for 30 min in all gaits. For video analysis, freeze frames were prepared and analyzed at the beginning of the expiration phase. Pharyngeal diameter was measured using the pharynx‐epiglottis ratio. Other findings (swallowing, pharyngeal collapse, soft palate movements, and secretion) were also evaluated. Moreover, the RHpE was applied. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear mixed effects models were used. Results with a p‐value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsWhile the pharynx‐epiglottis ratio did not change significantly in horses ridden with loose versus tight nosebands, there was an increase in mean grade and total counts of parameters assessed in the pharyngeal region, for example, grade of secretion (1.5 [±SD 0.89] vs. 3.13 [±SD 0.96]; p = 0.0001), axial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds (0.29 [±SD 0.73] vs. 1.33 [±SD 1.44]; p = 0.01), and pharyngeal collapse (0.69 [±SD 0.87] vs. 1.88 [±SD 1.54]; p = 0.005) in horses ridden with tight nosebands. There was no RHpE score above 8 indicating musculoskeletal pain, but the RHpE scores were significantly higher in horses ridden with tight nosebands (p < 0.001).Main limitationsVideo quality was limited when horses showed large amounts of secretion. Another limitation was the small number of horses.ConclusionsResults add to the evidence obtained in other studies that tight nosebands do not only cause adverse reactions based on the RHpE score such as head behind the vertical or intense staring but also contribute to changes in the pharyngeal region, such as increased secretion and collapse of pharyngeal structures. This may provide further support for future decisions regarding regulations on nosebands.
Enhanced thermal conductivity of reduced graphene oxide reinforced polymer films through a novel GO reduction mechanism
Authors: Owais Mohammad , Pal Amit Kumar , Waris Zainab , Khoteeva Natalia , Shiverskii Aleksei , Yusupov Kamil , Abaimov Sergey G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGraphene's remarkable thermal conductance characteristics makes it a very promising thermal interface material for polymeric composites. In this study, we propose an innovative approach aimed at augmenting the thermal conductivity of flexible composite films, employing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the constituent materials. The fabrication process involves the utilization of solution casting coupled with a low‐temperature chemical reduction method for graphene oxide (GO). Given that the high thermal conductivity of polymer nanocomposites typically correlates with increased crystallinity and reduced defects, our primary objective is to investigate the impact of reduction of GO in order to associate enhance crystallinity within the graphene oxide‐polymer system, with the overall increased thermal conductivity of the resulting GO/PVA films. The diethylene glycol‐GO/PVA films thus, generated through this methodology exhibit an exceptional thermal conductivity of approximately 5.1 W/mK, achieved with a mere 10 wt.% filler loading. This surpasses the thermal conductivity observed in films comprised solely of GO/PVA. The notable enhancement in thermal conductivity can be attributed to several factors, including improved crystallinity and reduced defects of GO with effective polymeric bridging facilitated by the rGO with PVA. Collectively, these advancements contribute to the overall thermal performance of the material, presenting a promising methodology for future developments in the field of thermal conductivity materials.Highlights
Reduction of GO through a streamlined and facile methodology.
Orchestrated a controlled reduction process at lower temperatures and simultaneously enhancing the crystallinity and decreasing the defects of GO.
Fabricated reduced GO/PVA polymer films exhibited an exceptional thermal conductivity of approximately 5.1 W/mK with just a 10 wt.% filler loading.
Understanding Area-Based Management in Shipping
Authors: Chircop Aldo , Goerlandt Floris , Pelot Ronald , Aporta Claudio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses area-based management (ABM) in shipping in view of developing an understanding of the broad range of tools used and how they are informed by risk and justified by social license. Their purposes are varied and include safety, environmental, security, and public health functions. The chapter first explores shipping-specific and non-shipping-specific ABM tools that have an impact on shipping and proposes an approach to taxonomy and classification. Subsequently, a risk perspective on ABM tools and processes is provided, addressing aspects of risk assessment, management, and governance. Connected especially to the latter, the importance of social license in the context of ABM tools and measures is examined closely. While at first blush the various ABM tools leave an impression of complexity and fragmentation, a closer look demonstrates flexible, nimble, multilevel, and multi-sectoral, problem-solving and management practices operating at the international and domestic levels that inform or guide each other.
Early snowmelt advances flowering phenology and disrupts the drivers of pollinator visitation in an alpine ecosystem
Authors: Rose-Person Annika , Spasojevic Marko J. , Forrester Chiara , Bowman William D. , Suding Katharine N. , Oldfather Meagan F. , Rafferty Nicole E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClimate change is altering interactions among plants and pollinators. In alpine ecosystems, where snowmelt timing is a key driver of phenology, earlier snowmelt may generate shifts in plant and pollinator phenology that vary across the landscape, potentially disrupting interactions. Here we ask how experimental advancement of snowmelt timing in a topographically heterogeneous alpine-subalpine landscape impacts flowering, insect pollinator visitation, and pathways connecting key predictors of plant-pollinator interaction. Snowmelt was advanced by an average of 13.5 days in three sites via the application of black sand over snow in manipulated plots, which were paired with control plots. For each forb species, we documented flowering onset and counted flowers throughout the season. We also performed pollinator observations to measure visitation rates. The majority (79.3%) of flower visits were made by dipteran insects. We found that plants flowered earlier in advanced snowmelt plots, with the largest advances in later-flowering species, but flowering duration and visitation rate did not differ between advanced snowmelt and control plots. Using piecewise structural equation models, we assessed the interactive effects of topography on snowmelt timing, flowering phenology, floral abundance, and pollinator visitation. We found that these factors interacted to predict visitation rate in control plots. However, in plots with experimentally advanced snowmelt, none of these predictors explained a significant amount of variation in visitation rate, indicating that different predictors are needed to understand the processes that directly influence pollinator visitation to flowers under future climate conditions. Our findings demonstrate that climate change-induced early snowmelt may fundamentally disrupt the predictive relationships among abiotic and biotic drivers of plant-pollinator interactions in subalpine-alpine environments.