bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Shelf‐To‐Basin Transport of Iron From the Northern U.S. West Coast to the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Pham Anh Le‐Duy , Damien Pierre , McCoy Daniel , Mar Matthew , Kessouri Fayçal , McWilliams James C. , Moffett James , Bianchi Daniele 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRelease of iron (Fe) from continental shelves is a major source of this limiting nutrient for phytoplankton in the open ocean, including productive Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems. The mechanisms governing the transport and fate of Fe along continental margins remain poorly understood, reflecting interaction of physical and biogeochemical processes that are crudely represented by global ocean biogeochemical models. Here, we use a submesoscale‐permitting physical‐biogeochemical model to investigate processes governing the delivery of shelf‐derived Fe to the open ocean along the northern U.S. West Coast. We find that a significant fraction (∼20%) of the Fe released by sediments on the shelf is transported offshore, fertilizing the broader Northeast Pacific Ocean. This transport is governed by two main pathways that reflect interaction between the wind‐driven ocean circulation and Fe release by low‐oxygen sediments: the first in the surface boundary layer during upwelling events; the second in the bottom boundary layer, associated with pervasive interactions of the poleward California Undercurrent with bottom topography. In the water column interior, transient and standing eddies strengthen offshore transport, counteracting the onshore pull of the mean upwelling circulation. Several hot‐spots of intense Fe delivery to the open ocean are maintained by standing meanders in the mean current and enhanced by transient eddies and seasonal oxygen depletion. Our results highlight the importance of fine‐scale dynamics for the transport of Fe and shelf‐derived elements from continental margins to the open ocean, and the need to improve representation of these processes in biogeochemical models used for climate studies.
Stable Isotopic (δ13C) Evidence for Global Microbial Sequestration of Refractory Dissolved Organic Matter
Authors: Lewis Christian B. , Walker Brett D. , Druffel Ellen R. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the global oceans is an important long‐term carbon sink. Connections between molecular size, reactivity, and isotopic characteristics show that DOC exists on a continuum from biologically reactive to recalcitrant. The driving mechanisms behind the creation and persistence of recalcitrant DOC remain unknown. We show mean recalcitrant DOC (isolated via solid‐phase extraction; SPE‐DOC) δ13C values are 1.3 ± 0.6‰ lower than mean total DOC δ13C between depth ranges 0–200 m and 2–4 km on three GO‐SHIP Repeat Hydrography cruises. Lowest observed δ13C values correlate with low ∆14C and proximity to deep ocean hydrothermal systems. These data support the hypothesis that reworking of DOC through the microbial carbon pump is a key driver of the ocean's long‐term carbon sink. Mass‐balance modeling shows deep‐ocean DOC not captured by SPE is enriched in 13C, highlighting the need for continued research on non‐retained DOC to predict mechanisms that drive ocean carbon storage.
Quantification of Representation Error in the Neutral Winds and Ion Drifts Using Data Assimilation
Authors: Hu Jiahui , López Rubio Aurora , Chartier Alex , McDonald Sarah , Datta‐Barua Seebany 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this work we quantify the representation error of the algorithm Estimating Model Parameters from Ionospheric Reverse Engineering (EMPIRE), which estimates global neutral winds and ion drifts given time‐varying plasma densities. SAMI3 (Sami3 is A Model of the Ionosphere) serves as the background climate model and pseudo‐measurements for the EMPIRE observation system. This configuration allows the data assimilation inputs to be self‐consistent between each other and with the validation data. The estimated neutral winds and ion drifts are compared to the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM14) and SAMI3 “truth.” For both the quiet period on 25 August 2018 and subs7equent storm on 26 August, the EMPIRE estimation of ion drifts is better at low‐to‐mid geomagnetic latitudes with mean error up to 20 m/s. For the high latitudes (poleward of ±60° magnetic), the mean errors exceed 50 m/s with variances up to 200 m/s, and the relative errors are higher than the “truth.” At latitudes of ±87°, the large errors are attributed to a boundary effect. However, the neutral wind mean errors peak at 20 m/s at mid‐latitudes (40°–60° magnetic), with larger uncertainties, then converge to 0 approaching higher latitudes. By conducting this study, we define a method for obtaining the representation error covariance for future use of EMPIRE with SAMI3 as background.
The emerging roles of miRNA-mediated autophagy in ovarian cancer
Authors: Ding Yamin , Huang Xuan , Ji Tuo , Qi Cong , Gao Xuzhu , Wei Rongbin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOvarian cancer is one of the common tumors of the female reproductive organs. It has a high mortality rate, is highly heterogeneous, and early detection and primary prevention are very complex. Autophagy is a cellular process in which cytoplasmic substrates are targeted for degradation in lysosomes through membrane structures called autophagosomes. The periodic elimination of damaged, aged, and redundant cellular molecules or organelles through the sequential translation between amino acids and proteins by two biological processes, protein synthesis, and autophagic protein degradation, helps maintain cellular homeostasis. A growing number of studies have found that autophagy plays a key regulatory role in ovarian cancer. Interestingly, microRNAs regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and thus can regulate the development and progression of ovarian cancer through the regulation of autophagy in ovarian cancer. Certain miRNAs have recently emerged as important regulators of autophagy-related gene expression in cancer cells. Moreover, miRNA analysis studies have now identified a sea of aberrantly expressed miRNAs in ovarian cancer tissues that can affect autophagy in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, miRNAs in plasma and stromal cells in tumor patients can affect the expression of autophagy-related genes and can be used as biomarkers of ovarian cancer progression. This review focuses on the potential significance of miRNA-regulated autophagy in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.
LncRNA IL21-AS1 facilitates tumour progression by enhancing CD24-induced phagocytosis inhibition and tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer
Authors: Liu Jie , Yan Changsheng , Xu Shaohua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCD24 is overexpressed in various tumours and considered a regulator of cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. Recent studies have found that CD24 on ovarian cancer (OC) and triple-negative breast cancer cells interacts with the inhibitory receptor sialic-acid-binding Ig-like lectin 10 (Siglec-10) on tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) to inhibit phagocytosis by macrophages. Because of its multiple roles in regulating the immune response and tumorigenesis, CD24 is a very promising therapeutic target. However, the regulatory mechanism of CD24 in OC remains unclear. Here, we found that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) IL21-AS1, which was upregulated in OC, inhibited macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and promoted OC cell proliferation and apoptosis inhibition. More importantly, after IL21-AS1 knockdown, a significant survival advantage was observed in mice engrafted with tumours. Mechanistically, we identified IL21-AS1 as a hypoxia-induced lncRNA. Moreover, IL21-AS1 increased HIF1α-induced CD24 expression under hypoxic conditions. In parallel, we found that IL21-AS1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-561-5p to regulate CD24 expression. Finally, IL21-AS1 increased CD24 expression in OC and facilitated OC progression. Our findings provide a molecular basis for the regulation of CD24, thus highlighting a potential strategy for targeted treatment of OC.
Acinar to β-like cell conversion through inhibition of focal adhesion kinase
Authors: Dahiya Shakti , Saleh Mohamed , Rodriguez Uylissa A. , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , R. Arbujas Jorge , Hajihassani Arian , Yang Kaiyuan , Sehrawat Anuradha , Kalsi Ranjeet , Yoshida Shiho , Prasadan Krishna , Lickert Heiko , Hu Jing , Piganelli Jon D. , Gittes George K. , Esni Farzad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInsufficient functional β-cell mass causes diabetes; however, an effective cell replacement therapy for curing diabetes is currently not available. Reprogramming of acinar cells toward functional insulin-producing cells would offer an abundant and autologous source of insulin-producing cells. Our lineage tracing studies along with transcriptomic characterization demonstrate that treatment of adult mice with a small molecule that specifically inhibits kinase activity of focal adhesion kinase results in trans-differentiation of a subset of peri-islet acinar cells into insulin producing β-like cells. The acinar-derived insulin-producing cells infiltrate the pre-existing endocrine islets, partially restore β-cell mass, and significantly improve glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice. These findings provide evidence that inhibition of the kinase activity of focal adhesion kinase can convert acinar cells into insulin-producing cells and could offer a promising strategy for treating diabetes.
CD74 supports accumulation and function of regulatory T cells in tumors
Authors: Bonnin Elisa , Rodrigo Riestra Maria , Marziali Federico , Mena Osuna Rafael , Denizeau Jordan , Maurin Mathieu , Saez Juan Jose , Jouve Mabel , Bonté Pierre-Emmanuel , Richer Wilfrid , Nevo Fabien , Lemoine Sebastien , Girard Nicolas , Lefevre Marine , Borcoman Edith , Vincent-Salomon Anne , Baulande Sylvain , Moreau Helene D. , Sedlik Christine , Hivroz Claire , Lennon-Duménil Ana-Maria , Tosello Boari Jimena , Piaggio Eliane 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are plastic cells playing a pivotal role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Tregs actively adapt to the microenvironment where they reside; as a consequence, their molecular and functional profiles differ among tissues and pathologies. In tumors, the features acquired by Tregs remains poorly characterized. Here, we observe that human tumor-infiltrating Tregs selectively overexpress CD74, the MHC class II invariant chain. CD74 has been previously described as a regulator of antigen-presenting cell biology, however its function in Tregs remains unknown. CD74 genetic deletion in human primary Tregs reveals that CD74KO Tregs exhibit major defects in the organization of their actin cytoskeleton and intracellular organelles. Additionally, intratumoral CD74KO Tregs show a decreased activation, a drop in Foxp3 expression, a low accumulation in the tumor, and consistently, they are associated with accelerated tumor rejection in preclinical models in female mice. These observations are unique to tumor conditions as, at steady state, CD74KO-Treg phenotype, survival, and suppressive capacity are unaffected in vitro and in vivo. CD74 therefore emerges as a specific regulator of tumor-infiltrating Tregs and as a target to interfere with Treg anti-tumor activity.
Recent collisional history of (65803) Didymos
Authors: Campo Bagatin Adriano , Dell’Oro Aldo , Parro Laura M. , Benavidez Paula G. , Jacobson Seth , Lucchetti Alice , Marzari Francesco , Michel Patrick , Pajola Maurizio , Vincent Jean-Baptiste 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART, NASA) spacecraft revealed that the primary of the (65803) Didymos near-Earth asteroid (NEA) binary system is not exactly the expected spinning top shape observed for other km-size asteroids. Ground based radar observations predicted that such shape was compatible with the uncertainty along the direction of the asteroid spin axis. Indeed, Didymos shows crater and landslide features, and evidence for boulder motion at low equatorial latitudes. Altogether, the primary seems to have undergone sudden structural failure in its recent history, which may even result in the formation of the secondary. The high eccentricity of Didymos sets its aphelion distance inside the inner main belt, where it spends more than 1/3 of its orbital period and it may undergo many more collisions than in the NEA region. In this work, we investigate the collisional environment of this asteroid and estimate the probability of collision with multi-size potential impactors. We analyze the possibility that such impacts produced the surface features observed on Didymos by comparing collisional intervals with estimated times for surface destabilization by the Yarkovsky-O’Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect. We find that collisional effects dominate over potential local or global deformation due to YORP spin up.
A non-image-forming visual circuit mediates the innate fear of heights in male mice
Authors: Shang Wei , Xie Shuangyi , Feng Wenbo , Li Zhuangzhuang , Jia Jingyan , Cao Xiaoxiao , Shen Yanting , Li Jing , Shi Haibo , Gu Yiran , Weng Shi-Jun , Lin Longnian , Pan Yi-Hsuan , Yuan Xiao-Bing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe neural basis of fear of heights remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the fear response to heights in male mice and observed characteristic aversive behaviors resembling human height vertigo. We identified visual input as a critical factor in mouse reactions to heights, while peripheral vestibular input was found to be nonessential for fear of heights. Unexpectedly, we found that fear of heights in naïve mice does not rely on image-forming visual processing by the primary visual cortex. Instead, a subset of neurons in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN), which connects to the lateral/ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (l/vlPAG), drives the expression of fear associated with heights. Additionally, we observed that a subcortical visual pathway linking the superior colliculus to the lateral posterior thalamic nucleus inhibits the defensive response to height threats. These findings highlight a rapid fear response to height threats through a subcortical visual and defensive pathway from the vLGN to the l/vlPAG.
Color morphing surfaces with effective chemical shielding
Authors: Rather Adil Majeed , Vallabhuneni Sravanthi , Pyrch Austin J. , Barrubeeah Mohammed , Pillai Sreekiran , Taassob Arsalan , Castellano Felix N. , Kota Arun Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractColor morphing refers to color change in response to an environmental stimulus. Photochromic materials allow color morphing in response to light, but almost all photochromic materials suffer from degradation when exposed to moist/humid environments or harsh chemical environments. One way of overcoming this challenge is by imparting chemical shielding to the color morphing materials via superomniphobicity. However, simultaneously imparting color morphing and superomniphobicity, both surface properties, requires a rational design. In this work, we systematically design color morphing surfaces with superomniphobicity through an appropriate combination of a photochromic dye, a low surface energy material, and a polymer in a suitable solvent (for one-pot synthesis), applied through spray coating (for the desired texture). We also investigate the influence of polymer polarity and material composition on color morphing kinetics and superomniphobicity. Our color morphing surfaces with effective chemical shielding can be designed with a wide variety of photochromic and thermochromic pigments and applied on a wide variety of substrates. We envision that such surfaces will have a wide range of applications including camouflage soldier fabrics/apparel for chem-bio warfare, color morphing soft robots, rewritable color patterns, optical data storage, and ophthalmic sun screening.
Global ranking of the sensitivity of interaction potential contributions within classical molecular dynamics force fields
Authors: Edeling Wouter , Vassaux Maxime , Yang Yiming , Wan Shunzhou , Guillas Serge , Coveney Peter V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUncertainty quantification (UQ) is rapidly becoming a sine qua non for all forms of computational science out of which actionable outcomes are anticipated. Much of the microscopic world of atoms and molecules has remained immune to these developments but due to the fundamental problems of reproducibility and reliability, it is essential that practitioners pay attention to the issues concerned. Here a UQ study is undertaken of classical molecular dynamics with a particular focus on uncertainties in the high-dimensional force-field parameters, which affect key quantities of interest, including material properties and binding free energy predictions in drug discovery and personalized medicine. Using scalable UQ methods based on active subspaces that invoke machine learning and Gaussian processes, the sensitivity of the input parameters is ranked. Our analyses reveal that the prediction uncertainty is dominated by a small number of the hundreds of interaction potential parameters within the force fields employed. This ranking highlights what forms of interaction control the prediction uncertainty and enables systematic improvements to be made in future optimizations of such parameters.
City level water withdrawal and scarcity accounts of China
Authors: Zhang Zongyong , Shan Yuli , Zhao Dandan , Tillotson Martin R. , Cai Bofeng , Li Xian , Zheng Heran , Zhao Cunxue , Guan Dabo , Liu Junguo , Hao Yu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the context of China’s freshwater crisis high-resolution data are critical for sustainable water management and economic growth. Yet there is a dearth of data on water withdrawal and scarcity regardless of whether total or subsector amount, for prefectural cities. In administrative and territorial scope, we accounted for water withdrawal of all 63 economic-socio-environmental sectors for all 343 prefectural cities in China, based on a general framework and 2015 data. Spatial and economic-sector resolution is improved compared with previous studies by partitioning general sectors into industrial and agricultural sub-sectors. Construction of these datasets was based on selection of 16 driving forces. We connected a size indicator with corresponding water-withdrawal efficiency. We further accounted for total blue-water withdrawal and quantitative water scarcity status. Then we compared different scopes and methods of official accounts and statistics from various water datasets. These disaggregated and complete data could be used in input-output models for municipal design and governmental planning to help gain in-depth insights into subsector water-saving priorities from local economic activities.
Raphe glucose-sensing serotonergic neurons stimulate KNDy neurons to enhance LH pulses via 5HT2CR: rat and goat studies
Authors: Nakamura Sho , Sasaki Takuya , Uenoyama Yoshihisa , Inoue Naoko , Nakanishi Marina , Yamada Koki , Morishima Ai , Suzumura Reika , Kitagawa Yuri , Morita Yasuhiro , Ohkura Satoshi , Tsukamura Hiroko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDysfunction of central serotonergic neurons is known to cause depressive disorders in humans, who often show reproductive and/or glucose metabolism disorders. This study examined whether dorsal raphe (DR) serotonergic neurons sense high glucose availability to upregulate reproductive function via activating hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) kisspeptin neurons (= KNDy neurons), a dominant stimulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/gonadotropin pulses, using female rats and goats. RNA-seq and histological analysis revealed that stimulatory serotonin-2C receptor (5HT2CR) was mainly expressed in the KNDy neurons in female rats. The serotonergic reuptake inhibitor administration into the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), including the ARC, significantly blocked glucoprivic suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses and hyperglycemia induced by intravenous 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) administration in female rats. A local infusion of glucose into the DR significantly increased in vivo serotonin release in the MBH and partly restored LH pulses and hyperglycemia in the 2DG-treated female rats. Furthermore, central administration of serotonin or a 5HT2CR agonist immediately evoked GnRH pulse generator activity, and central 5HT2CR antagonism blocked the serotonin-induced facilitation of GnRH pulse generator activity in ovariectomized goats. These results suggest that DR serotonergic neurons sense high glucose availability to reduce gluconeogenesis and upregulate reproductive function by activating GnRH/LH pulse generator activity in mammals.
Identification of novel genes associated with herbicide tolerance in Lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medik.)
Authors: Balech Rind , Maalouf Fouad , Kaur Sukhjiwan , Jighly Abdulqader , Joukhadar Reem , Alsamman Alsamman M. , Hamwieh Aladdin , Khater Lynn Abou , Rubiales Diego , Kumar Shiv 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWeeds pose a major constraint in lentil cultivation, leading to decrease farmers’ revenues by reducing the yield and increasing the management costs. The development of herbicide tolerant cultivars is essential to increase lentil yield. Even though herbicide tolerant lines have been identified in lentils, breeding efforts are still limited and lack proper validation. Marker assisted selection (MAS) can increase selection accuracy at early generations. Total 292 lentil accessions were evaluated under different dosages of two herbicides, metribuzin and imazethapyr, during two seasons at Marchouch, Morocco and Terbol, Lebanon. Highly significant differences among accessions were observed for days to flowering (DF) and maturity (DM), plant height (PH), biological yield (BY), seed yield (SY), number of pods per plant (NP), as well as the reduction indices (RI) for PH, BY, SY and NP. A total of 10,271 SNPs markers uniformly distributed along the lentil genome were assayed using Multispecies Pulse SNP chip developed at Agriculture Victoria, Melbourne. Meta-GWAS analysis was used to detect marker-trait associations, which detected 125 SNPs markers associated with different traits and clustered in 85 unique quantitative trait loci. These findings provide valuable insights for initiating MAS programs aiming to enhance herbicide tolerance in lentil crop.
Effect of pooled tracheal sample testing on the probability of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae detection
Authors: Serafini Poeta Silva Ana Paula , Mugabi Robert , Rotolo Marisa L. , Krantz Seth , Hu Dapeng , Robbins Rebecca , Hemker Deanne , Diaz Andres , Tucker A. W. , Main Rodger , Cano Jean Paul , Harms Perry , Wang Chong , Clavijo Maria Jose 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTracheal pooling forMycoplasma hyopneumoniae(M. hyopneumoniae) DNA detection allows for decreased diagnostic cost, one of the main constraints in surveillance programs. The objectives of this study were to estimate the sensitivity of pooled-sample testing for the detection ofM. hyopneumoniaein tracheal samples and to develop probability ofM. hyopneumoniaedetection estimates for tracheal samples pooled by 3, 5, and 10. A total of 48M. hyopneumoniaePCR-positive field samples were pooled 3-, 5-, and 10-times using fieldM. hyopneumoniaeDNA-negative samples and tested in triplicate. The sensitivity was estimated at 0.96 (95% credible interval [Cred. Int.]: 0.93, 0.98) for pools of 3, 0.95 (95% Cred. Int: 0.92, 0.98) for pools of 5, and 0.93 (95% Cred. Int.: 0.89, 0.96) for pools of 10. All pool sizes resulted in PCR-positive if the individual tracheal sample Ct value was < 33. Additionally, there was no significant decrease in the probability of detecting at least oneM. hyopneumoniae-infected pig given any pool size (3, 5, or 10) of tracheal swabs. Furthermore, this manuscript applies the probability of detection estimates to various real-life diagnostic testing scenarios. Combining increased total animals sampled with pooling can be a cost-effective tool to maximize the performance ofM. hyopneumoniaesurveillance programs.