bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radioactive ion-beam development at SPIRAL1
Authors: Chauveau P. , Angot J. , Bosquet V. , Damoy S. , Delahaye P. , Dubois M. , Frigot R. , Hormigos S. , Jardin P. , Maunoury L. , Michel C. , Thomas J.-C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
SPIRAL1 at GANIL is a facility dedicated to the production of radioactive ion beams (RIBs) and their post-acceleration. A major upgrade allowed this facility to produce RIBs of condensable elements. It does so by using both a hot 1+ ion source and an ECR Charge Breeder where the latter is used to increase the ion charge state for post-acceleration. The SPIRAL1 team is pursuing R&D on both fronts in order to expand the offer of RIBs. Several 1+ sources have been or will be tested in 2023: (1) MonoNaKe, a surface ion source, is being modified to ionize short-lived lithium isotopes (2) TULIP, dedicated to ionize short lived fusion-evaporation residues has been tested online for the second time (3) the FEBIAD source has produced radioactive Cr ions for the first time. The SPIRAL1 Charge Breeder (SP1CB) is now fitted with a fixed frequency amplifier (Klystron) and a variable frequency amplifier (travelling wave tube). Using one amplifier, the other, or both, enables several heating modes, giving better control on the charge state distribution at the output of SP1CB.
Numerical simulation and experimental characterization of the TRIUMF-FEBIAD cathode temperature for optimizing the ion source performance
Authors: Maldonado Millán F , Babcock C , Day Goodacre T , Gottberg A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The FEBIAD ion source is routinely used to produce radioactive ions of halogens, molecules, and noble gases in several ISOL facilities worldwide. At TRIUMF, an extensive numerical and experimental campaign has been performed to fundamentally understand the source while improving its reliability and overall performance. Particularly, the cathode temperature has been studied by pyrometric measurements, Schottky analysis and numerical simulations to properly understand the electron emission driving the ionization. The temperature values found are consistent within the error bars and confirm the equivalence of the methodologies used. The findings can be used as part of a numerical ionization model for more realistic electron emission and the benchmarked thermal model can be used to propose novel and more robust geometries.
Enhanced Production of Multicharged Ions by Mixing Low Z Gas and Emittance Measurement on Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source
Authors: Fujimura Yushi , Iwahara Kouki , Kato Yushi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We have studied to enhance efficiency of producing multicharged ions in an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS). The gas mixing method is known as an empirical method for highly efficient production of multicharged ions. This method is to mix low Z gas into the multicharged ions plasma. There are various explanations for the gas mixing effect. One of them is the ion cooling effect. It is necessary to obtain parameters related to the ion temperature in order to experimentally confirm the effect. We measured emittances for ion beams by using a wire probe and a multi-slit. He was mixed as a low Z gas into the operating Ar gas. Charged state distributions of ion beams was measured to confirm the gas mixing effect. We have also measured emittances for the multicharged Ar ion beams and compared root mean square emittances (ε
rms) of those for pure Ar and Ar mixed by He. We confirmed that ε
rms for Ar mixed by He was lower than that for pure Ar.
Towards Tests of an RFQ Cooler and Simulations
Authors: Cavenago M. , Comunian M. , Galatà A. , Maggiore M. , Montis M. , Ruzzon A. , Cavaliere F. , Maero G. , Romé M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The cooling of secondary beams is important for accelerator-based nuclear physics. In the radiofrequency (RF) quadrupole cooler (RFQC), RF fields and ion-gas collisions may give a considerable increase or decrease of the beam transverse emittance and energy spread, depending on a delicate tuning of heating and cooling effects, dominated by the ion beam kinetic energy and the balance of collisions and confinement forces. An extra confinement may be added by a solenoid magnetic field, as in the RFQC prototype installed in the Eltrap machine. This provides a versatile test bench (distinct from a closed accelerator installation) for detailed studies of cooling dynamics and of several RFQC technical optimizations (for gas differential pumping and bias voltages). Modeling concepts and simulation results are summarized. The major RFQC parameters are reviewed, in particular for 133Cs+ collisions against He gas whose pressure pg
ranges from 2 to 9 Pa in the reference case, with attention to the extraction, comparing triode/tetrode system, and to the bias voltages. Lower bias voltages request less pg
, but provide less cooling of the energy spread.
Characterization of a broad beam ion source converted into a high intensity deuterium beam
Authors: Podolsky V , Hepner S , Schipmann S , Valenteen S , Thompson R , Langtry R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Avalanche Energy is developing deuterium ion beams for the Orbitron fusion device. For these and similar projects, modification of off-the-shelf high current ion sources enables affordable and rapidly accessible alternatives to custom-built systems. We have successfully operated the Veeco MARK I broad beam source on deuterium to create multi-keV energy ions. Directing this beam through a small aperture required carefully designed optics. Once a narrower beam was created, a faraday cup was used to measure the beam current and profile while a Thomson Parabola was developed to help understand the beam species and energy composition.
Optimizing Ion Optical Design for Laser Ablation Source in Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ashrafkhani Behnam , Chambers Chris , Wieser Michael , Thompson Robert , Kwiatkowski A.A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The study focuses on optimizing a Laser Ablation Source (LAS) for use in mass spectrometry, particularly aiming to enhance transmission of ions and and determination of isotopic compositions in diverse matrices at TRIUMF’s Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear Science (TITAN). Critical variables affecting mass spectrometer resolution, such as ion kinetic energy distribution and ion transport are optimized through LAS. The paper explores the importance of consistent initial conditions, ion transport efficiency, and ion capture for accurate and reproducible measurements. Using SIMION software, we optimized ion optical design to tackle challenges like collimating ions travelling off-axis and mass filtering. A significant part of the study is dedicated to ion optic design to enable low abundance measurement of ions of interest (e.g., 10 ions of interest out of 1014 total ions). Techniques like high voltage switching and beam shaping were explored, and the final design aims for high transport efficiency and a 4 mm effective target scan area with maximum transport efficiency. The integration of LAS with a Multiple-Reflection Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (MR-TOF-MS) is expected to yield an analytical tool with high spatial resolution and transport efficiency for isotope abundance measurement.
Permanent magnet ECR ion source and LEBT dipole for single-ended heavy ion ToF-ERDA facility
Authors: Tarvainen Olli , Faircloth Dan , Julin Jaakko , Kalvas Taneli , Koivisto Hannu , Kosonen Sami , Toivanen Ville 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present the status of the ion source and low energy beam transport prototyping for a single-ended heavy ion time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis equipment. The environmentally friendly concept is based on a permanent magnet ECR ion source and dipole magnet on a 500 kV platform without SF6 insulation, producing high charge state noble gas ion beams, e.g. 3–6 MeV argon. The ion fluxes of Ar6+–Ar12+ achieved with the CUBE-ECRIS permanent magnet minimum-B quadrupole ion source exceed 1-10 particle nA required for the low energy ToF-ERDA application. The CUBE-ECRIS can produce over 1 particle nA krypton and xenon beams up to charge states Kr19+ and Xe24+, which enables extending the scope of the ToF-ERDA application. The integration of an adjustable-field permanent magnet dipole into the CUBE-ECRIS test stand at the JYFL accelerator laboratory is described briefly.
Design and implementation of high-rigidity and high-precision satellite antenna rotating unit
Authors: Wang Fengbin , Li Yuhua , Shi Guangqin , Li Guozhu , Li Xupeng , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The satellite antenna rotating unit is an important component that drives the satellite antenna to rotate in orbit, mainly composed of a stepper motor, harmonic reducer, and rotating transformer. This type of rotating unit has the advantages of small size, lightweight, high-rated output torque, and long rotating life. The high-stiffness and high-precision satellite antenna rotation unit is based on the existing antenna rotation unit. Through comprehensive improvement design, the measured closed-loop control has a rotation accuracy of better than 0.005°, a torsional stiffness of better than 6.5 Nm/(Å), a rotation accuracy of 6 times higher than the existing antenna rotation unit, a torsional stiffness increase of 13 times, and a rated output torque increase of 2.4 times. The article introduces the development of components, measurement of torsional stiffness, and measurement of rotational accuracy for the high-stiffness and high-precision satellite antenna rotating unit. Finally, the development conclusion is given. The successful development of a high-stiffness and high-precision satellite-borne antenna rotation unit can not only meet the precise pointing control requirements of the mechanical movable antennas and terahertz antennas of the narrow beam with a width of 0.2° but also solve practical problems such as jitter in ground testing of data transmission or relay antennas and unstable pointing of point beam antennas in orbit.
Strength limit of titanium alloy drill pipe under combined tension and torsion load
Authors: Tian Jihong , Wang Tao , Wang Xijie , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Qiang , Yu Xiaoling , Guo Shujun , Jiang Yingbin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With a focus on the issue of drill pipe failure brought on by the interaction of tension and torsion in deep and ultra-deep wells, the yield limit curve of the pipe body and joints under the combination of tension and torsion was drawn. According to the practice of DNV-RP-F201, it was investigated how temperature affected drill pipe strength. The findings demonstrate that as temperature increases, both yield and tensile strength decrease linearly, and the decreasing range gradually decreases when temperature exceeds 140°C, and yield strength decreases by 31.91% in 140°C. Under the conditions of the same yield strength and outer diameter, the larger the thickness of the drill pipe body is, the higher its tensile strength and torsional strength are. The resulting yield limit curve covers a wider range. As the temperature increases, the yield limit elliptic curves of titanium alloy drill pipes with various wall thicknesses gradually shrink. This work presents the foundation for the strength research of titanium alloy drill pipe under tension and torsion load.
Environmental test and evaluation technology of control and protection device for flexible DC converter valve
Authors: Li Dan , Luo Qin , Pan Guangze 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Environmental suitability is particularly important for the safe and reliable operation of the product. The environmental test and evaluation method are studied to target the reliability requirements for the control and protection device of the flexible DC converter valve. According to the characteristics of the secondary board card of the control and protection device, a study is carried out on the mechanism of salt spray corrosion, and specific methods for implementing and evaluating the salt spray test are proposed. Using this method, a salt spray test is conducted on a secondary board card of a relay control and protection device under the finalization of the design. The test results show that this method can effectively reveal the salt spray corrosion weakness of the product. Besides, salt spray test results are also evaluated according to the corrosion conditions of the product after the test. The application of environmental test and evaluation technology of the control and protection device of the flexible DC converter valve has a significant meaning in improving the reliability of relevant products.
Evaluation of low-temperature anti-cracking and slow-release performance of salt-storage AC-13
Authors: Li Shujuan , Sun Dandan , Xu Yun , Wang Qingliang , Wang Yanmin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Asphalt mixture AC-13 was prepared using homemade salt storage additives to replace an equal volume of mineral powder. The study focused on the low-temperature anti-cracking and slow-release properties of the AC-13. The results indicate that the incorporation of salt storage additives gradually reduces the “bending tensile strength (RB
)” and “maximum bending strain (εB
)” of the AC-13. The εB
of the salt storage bituminous mixture with a replacement rate of 100% is reduced by more than 10%, but it still meets the specifications. The analysis of slow-release performance reveals that the dissolution rate of snowmelt salt in the salt storage AC-13 is uniform, with a stable precipitation amount. The slow-release effect is good and long-lasting.
A novel sensor with excellent high-temperature performance for in-situ temperature measurement
Authors: Cui Yunxian , Song Yuxin , Wang Haoyu , Wang Xiaoliang , Yin Junwei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Real-time access to critical information about system temperature variations is essential for evaluating system performance in some of the high-temperature and harsh environments. Given the technical difficulty of accurately obtaining the temperature of a high-temperature and harsh environment, a new sensor package structure is proposed. Combining ceramic sintering and isostatic pressure molding methods, the thermal junction is fixed in the temperature measurement end face of the alumina ceramic substrate, while the shell design threads play a role in fixing the sensor and preventing loosening. This paper conducted repeatability, upper-temperature limit, and high-temperature serviceability assessment tests on the sensor. The results show that the sensor maximum repeatability error is 2.4%. The sensor can continue to operate at 1200°C for more than 6 hours with no signal interruption and the upper limit of temperature measurement is 1307°C. The results demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of temperature measurement by this sensor in high-temperature and harsh environments.
Analysis of the interactive effects of scavenge parameters on spark ignition two-stroke diesel engines
Authors: Sun Tingting , Wang Shangxue , Zhang Xuesong , Zhao Chengwei , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhu Hongru 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The scavenging efficiency of a two-stroke diesel engine affects the formation of the mixture in the engine cylinder, which in turn affects the engine’s performance. A one-dimensional simulation model of a two-stroke diesel engine is established using GT-POWER, and the model with original experimental data is calibrated as boundary conditions. Firstly, the influence of crankcase compression ratio on engine performance of the two-stroke engine was investigated to obtain an appropriate crankcase compression ratio; Then, based on the optimization index of scavenging efficiency, the optimal combination of engine air port structure and timing is obtained through orthogonal optimization calculation method. To achieve higher scavenging efficiency, when the phase of the air port remains unchanged, a scavenging port width ratio of 1.0 and an exhaust port width ratio of 0.8 can achieve a scavenging efficiency of 97.2%; When the air port size remains unchanged, the engine scavenging efficiency reaches 96.44% when the scavenging port timing is 123° CA and the exhaust port timing is 89° CA.
Numerical simulation of efficient welding for thick plates in shipbuilding using simufact welding
Authors: Bin Wei , Liu Zhijian , Xu Minyi , Hong Yuming , Zhu Diyu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the welding process of medium-thick plates, it is common to create grooves and perform double-sided multi-pass welding. However, this approach leads to low welding efficiency and high costs. Hence, this study utilizes a groove-free, double-sided double-pass welding method to enhance welding efficiency and decrease shipbuilding expenses. A finite element model of groove-free submerged arc welding for medium-thick plates was established using SolidWorks software, and mesh division was carried out. Subsequently, numerical simulations of high-voltage, high-current double-sided double-pass submerged arc welding for medium-thick plates were conducted using Simufact Welding software. In the simulation, a mobile double ellipsoid heat source was utilized to replicate the dynamic alterations throughout the entire welding process. Subsequently, the temperature field of the welded material was computed. Finally, utilizing the temperature field results, the residual stress distribution within the welded material was computed through the thermal-structural coupling feature. The simulation results revealed a significant temperature gradient at the center of the heat source during the welding process, with a slower temperature change observed behind the heat source. Around 4000 seconds, the weldment cooled to room temperature. At this point, the thermal stress mainly concentrated around the weld seam. This numerical welding simulation serves as a crucial reference for designing welding process parameters and researching residual stress distribution. Consequently, it enhances welding efficiency in the field of shipbuilding.
Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and cavitation resistance of multi-dimensional WC-10Co4Cr coating
Authors: Wu Kunze , Yang Changchun , Li Ruiqi , Ding Xiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The multi-dimensional WC-10Co4Cr coating was prepared on 316 stainless steel by using HVOF spraying, and the impact of heat treatment temperature on the microstructure, cavitation resistance, and mechanical properties of the multi-dimensional WC-10Co4Cr coating was studied. Heat treatment at higher temperatures leads to lower porosity and upper hardness of the coating. Meanwhile, oxidation products such as CoWO4 and Cr2O3 were produced at 500°C. The coating has the best anti-cavitation performance after heat treatment at 300°C.
Microstructure and properties of laser-melted FeCoCrNiSiMox high-entropy alloy coatings
Authors: Ma Yiheng , Deng Shouliang , Wang Ye , Li Zehua , Gong Xun , Zhao Hui , Chen Haojie , Li Mei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this research, FeCoCrNiSiMox high-entropy alloy coatings were created using laser cladding technology on 45 steel surfaces in order to provide a coating with high hardness and strong abrasion resistance. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of including Mo elements on the tissue, structure, and mechanical characteristics of FeCoCrNiSiMox high mercury alloy coatings under optimal laser melting process conditions. Through the regulation of Mo element incorporation, it has been observed that for values of x less than or equal to 0.2, the coating exhibits a singular FCC structure. However, for values of x greater than 0.2, a phase transition occurs in the coating’s structure, resulting in the appearance of a second phase. Consequently, the alloy primarily comprises a solid solution phase combined with the FCC phase and the Mo-rich phase. The introduction of the Mo element results in a steady reduction in the microstructure of the coating, which predominantly consists of dendritic structures. Additionally, the average hardness of the coating exhibits an increase, accompanied by an enhancement in its wear resistance.
Research on stress corrosion cracking behavior of stainless steel bellows expansion joints used in GIS equipment
Authors: Wang Jun , Cao Xianhui , Chen Junjun , Zou Jincheng , Liu Weike , Huang Rong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article conducts metallographic structure, martensite content, Vickers hardness, and stress corrosion performance tests on two commonly used stainless steel bellows expansion joints with different materials and geometric parameters in the power grid. The material properties and stress corrosion sensitivity of 304 and 316 stainless steel bellows are compared. The results indicate that the martensite content is highest at the peak position and lowest at the trough position in the bellows. As the curvature radius of the bellows decreases, the martensite content increases at the same position. Under the same conditions, the content of deformed martensite in 304 stainless steel is much higher than that in 316 stainless steel. After soaking in boiling MgCl2 solution for 7 days, the stress corrosion crack length of 304 stainless steel bellows is greater than that of 316 stainless steel. As the curvature radius of the ripple decreases, the crack length of 304 stainless steel bellows increases from 1.38 mm to 11.39 mm, while the crack length of 316 stainless steel bellows only increases from 0.32 mm to 7.32 mm.
Study on properties of diamond-like carbon coatings based on COMSOL
Authors: Yu Zeyang , Guo Jing , Guo Zhaoxin , Yu Xiaoming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Comsol software was used to design and simulate the preparation of DLC coating on 316 stainless steel substrate by vacuum evaporation plating method. The influence of evaporation temperature on coating quality was explored by controlling substrate temperature factors, and the corrosion resistance of DLC was simulated. The simulation coating preparation results showed the surface distribution of the DLC coating prepared by vacuum evaporation is uneven, and the thickest core becomes thinner layer by layer along the periphery. Under the same conditions, the higher the evaporation temperature is, the better the coating quality is. The corrosion behavior of DLC coating over time was studied by simulating the corrosion of DLC coating in the human body environment. The simulation corrosion results showed that the corrosion rate of DLC coating in the human body environment was slow, and the corrosion rate of the metal matrix was significantly higher than that of DLC coating.
Optimal estimation of pure states with displaced-null measurements
Authors: Girotti Federico , Godley Alfred , Guţă Mădălin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We revisit the problem of estimating an unknown parameter of a pure quantum state, and investigate ‘null-measurement’ strategies in which the experimenter aims to measure in a basis that contains a vector close to the true system state. Such strategies are known to approach the quantum Fisher information for models where the quantum Cramér-Rao bound (QCRB) is achievable but a detailed adaptive strategy for achieving the bound in the multi-copy setting has been lacking. We first show that the following naive null-measurement implementation fails to attain even the standard estimation scaling: estimate the parameter on a small sub-sample, and apply the null-measurement corresponding to the estimated value on the rest of the systems. This is due to non-identifiability issues specific to null-measurements, which arise when the true and reference parameters are close to each other. To avoid this, we propose the alternative displaced-null measurement strategy in which the reference parameter is altered by a small amount which is sufficient to ensure parameter identifiability. We use this strategy to devise asymptotically optimal measurements for models where the QCRB is achievable. More generally, we extend the method to arbitrary multi-parameter models and prove the asymptotic achievability of the the Holevo bound. An important tool in our analysis is the theory of quantum local asymptotic normality which provides a clear intuition about the design of the proposed estimators, and shows that they have asymptotically normal distributions.