bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Insights into the Substrate‐Controlled Stereochemistry of Glycals in One‐Pot Rhodium‐Catalyzed Aziridination and Aziridine Ring Opening
Authors: Lorpitthaya Rujee , Xie Zhi‐Zhong , Sophy K. B. , Kuo Jer‐Lai , Liu Xue‐Wei 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe carried out a principle study on the reaction mechanism of rhodium‐catalyzed intramolecular aziridination and aziridine ring opening at a sugar template. A sulfamate ester group was introduced at different positions of glycal to act as a nitrene source and, moreover, to allow the study of the relative reactivity of the nitrene transfer from different sites of the glycal molecule. The structural optimization of each intermediate along the reaction pathway was extensively done by using BPW91 functional. The crucial step in the reaction is the Rh‐catalyzed nitrene transfer to the double bond of the glycal. We found that the reaction could proceed in a stepwise manner, whereby the N atom initially induced a single‐bond formation with C1 on the triplet surface or in a single step through intersystem crossing (ISC) of the triplet excited state of the rhodium–nitrene transition state to the singlet ground state of the aziridine complexes. The relative reactivity for the conversion of the nitrene species to the aziridine obtained from the computed potential energy surface (PES) agrees well with the reaction time gained from experimental observation. The aziridine ring opening is a spontaneous process because the energy barrier for the formation of the transition state is very small and disappears in the solution calculations. The regio‐ and stereoselectivity of the reaction product is controlled by the electronic property of the anomeric carbon as well as the facial preference for the nitrene insertion, and the nucleophilic addition.
Structure–Reactivity Relationships in Negishi Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Dong Zhi‐Bing , Manolikakes Georg , Shi Lei , Knochel Paul , Mayr Herbert 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCompetition experiments have been performed to determine the relative reactivities of substituted bromobenzenes and of different arylzinc reagents in the [Pd(PPh3)4]‐catalyzed Negishi cross‐coupling reaction in THF at 25 °C. The cross‐coupling reactions are accelerated by electron acceptors in the bromobenzenes, the effect of which increases in the order ortho <meta <para. On the other hand, electron acceptors in the arylzinc halides diminish the reaction rates. Hammett correlations show that substituent variations in the bromobenzenes (ρ=+2.5) have a larger effect than substituent variations in the arylzinc halides (ρ=−0.98).
Kinetic Resolution of the Racemic 2‐Hydroxyalkanoates Using the Enantioselective Mixed‐Anhydride Method with Pivalic Anhydride and a Chiral Acyl‐Transfer Catalyst
Authors: Shiina Isamu , Nakata Kenya , Ono Keisuke , Sugimoto Masuhiro , Sekiguchi Akihiro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA variety of optically active 2‐hydroxyalkanoates and the corresponding 2‐acyloxyalkanoates are produced by the kinetic resolution of racemic 2‐hydroxyalkanoates by using achiral 2,2‐diarylacetic acid with hindered carboxylic anhydrides as the coupling reagents. The combined use of diphenylacetic acid, pivalic anhydride, and (+)‐(R)‐benzotetramisole ((R)‐BTM) effectively produces (S)‐2‐hydroxyalkanoates and (R)‐2‐acyloxyalkanoates from the racemic 2‐hydroxyalkanoates (s‐values=47–202). This protocol directly provides the desired chiral 2‐hydroxyalkanoate derivatives from achiral diarylacetic acid and racemic secondary alcohols that do not include the sec‐phenethyl alcohol moiety by using the transacylation process to generate the mixed anhydrides from the acid components with bulky carboxylic anhydrides under the influence of the chiral acyl‐transfer catalyst. The transition state that provides the desired (R)‐2‐acyloxyalkanoate from (R)‐2‐hydroxyalkanoate included in the racemic mixture is disclosed by DFT calculations, and the structural features of the transition form are also discussed.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Dimeric Follicle‐Stimulating Hormone Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Bonger Kimberly M. , Hoogendoorn Sascha , van Koppen Chris J. , Timmers Cornelis M. , Overkleeft Herman S. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of homo‐ and heterodimeric compounds encompassing the follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) antagonist (R)‐1 and its inactive conformer (S)‐1 connected through ethylene glycol spacers of various lengths is described. Evaluation of these compounds reveals that dimeric compounds, with a spacer of sufficient length, bearing two active copies of the antagonist are more potent relative to dimeric compounds in which one of the active pharmacophores is replaced by an inactive conformer. Interestingly, the opposite trend is observed if a short spacer is used, indicating that these compounds may be valuable tools to study FSHR dimerization in greater detail.
Multicenter phase 2 study of belotecan, a new camptothecin analog, and cisplatin for chemotherapy‐naive patients with extensive‐disease small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lee Dae Ho , Kim Sang‐We , Suh Cheolwon , Lee Jung‐Shin , Ahn Jin Seok , Ahn Myung‐Ju , Park Keunchil , Na Im‐Il , Lee Jae Cheol , Ryoo Baek‐Yeol , Yang Sung Hyun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of belotecan, a new camptothecin analog, combined with cisplatin for the treatment of chemotherapy‐naive patients with extensive‐disease small cell lung cancer (ED SCLC).METHODS:Treatment consisted of belotecan 0.5 mg/m2 daily on Days 1 through 4 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 on Day 1 of a 3‐week cycle for up to 6 cycles unless there was disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or patient refusal. Response assessment was done every 2 cycles using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, and toxicity assessment was done every cycle using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0.RESULTS:Between September 2006 and March 2008, 30 patients participated in the study. Among them, 21 patients achieved a partial response, and the response rate was 70% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.6%‐85.3%); and, after a median follow‐up of 20.2 months, the median progression‐free survival was 6.9 months (95% CI, 6.3‐7.5 months), and the overall survival was 19.2 months (95% CI, 13.3‐25.2 months). Grade 3 and 4 adverse events included neutropenia in 23 patients, thrombocytopenia in 8 patients, febrile neutropenia in 9 patients, nausea in 3 patients, and pneumonia in 3 patients. There was 1 treatment‐related death from pneumonia. However, nonhematologic toxicity generally was mild and manageable.CONCLUSIONS:The belotecan and cisplatin combination that was studied demonstrated promising response rates and survival outcomes with a manageable toxicity profile for chemotherapy‐naive patients who had ED SCLC. The authors concluded that the combination warrants further randomized trials. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Quantitative evaluation of perceived whiteness based on a color vision model
Authors: Katayama Ichiro , Fairchild Mark D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article describes a new perceived whiteness index, C/V index, which focuses on the brightness‐enhancement effect of color components included in the spectral reflectance factor distribution of approximate white objects or in the spectral power distribution of illuminations. The index is developed on the basis of a color vision model. The perceived whiteness of 18 approximate white samples was evaluated, and then a predictability of the index was compared with 17 types of existing whiteness indices. As a result, the C/V index was one of the indices indicating the best predicting performance. The aforementioned findings show that the C/V index is effective in evaluating the perceived whiteness of approximate white objects and the brightness‐enhancement effect of color components is an important factor in determining the perceived whiteness. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010
Oxidation of CO Catalyzed by a Cu Cluster: Influence of an Electric Field
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhao Yonghao , Zhang Renqin , Li Ying , Lavernia Enrique J. , Jiang Qing 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAdsorption ability and reaction rate are two essential parameters that define the efficiency of a catalyst. Herein, we implement density functional theory (DFT) and report that CO can be oxidized by a pyramidal Cu cluster with an associated reaction barrier Eb=1.317 eV. In this case, our transition state calculations reveal that the barrier can be significantly lowered after superimposing a negative electric field. Moreover, when the field intensity corresponds to F=−0.010 au, the magnitude of Eb=0.698 eV is equivalent to—or lower than—those of typical catalysts such as Pt, Rh, and Pd. The superimposition of a positive field is found to enhance the release of the nascent CO2 molecule. Our study demonstrates that small Cu clusters have better adsorption ability than the corresponding flat surface while the field can be used to enhance the purification of the exhaust gas.
Atmospheric DBD plasma Deposition of ECO‐Friedly Release Liners for Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tapes
Authors: Vangeneugden D. , Dubreuil M. , Bongaers E. , Hendrix W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe presented paper reports on the development of eco‐friendly non‐silicone containing release liners on plastic foils for pressure sensitive adhesive tapes. A solvent free process based on aerosol assisted dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma deposition was used to obtain nano‐sized coatings. Various precursors have been investigated ranging from hydrocarbons and fluorinated hydrocarbons to (meth)acrylates and fluorinated (meth)acrylates. Best results were obtained using 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate. To improved the stability of release properties upon ageing, addition of photo initiators and acrylic cross‐linkers have been evaluated. Tape adhesion tests showed stable release values below 25 cN/20 mm for 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate plasma coatings with acrylic cross‐linkers. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Particle‐in‐Cell Simulations for Ion Thrusters
Authors: Schneider R. , Matyash K. , Kalentev O. , Taccogna F. , Koch N. , Schirra M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Particle‐in‐Cell (PIC) method was used to study two different ion thruster concepts: Hall Effect Thrusters (HETs) and High Efficiency Multistage Plasma Thrusters (HEMPs), in particular the plasma properties in the discharge chamber due to the different magnetic field configurations. Special attention was paid to the simulation of plasma particles fluxes on the thrusters inner surfaces. In both cases PIC proved itself as a powerful tool, delivering important insight into the basic physics of the different thruster concepts.The simulations demonstrated that the new HEMP thruster concept allows for a high thermal efficiency due to both minimal energy dissipation and high acceleration efficiency. In the HEMP thruster the plasma contact to the wall is limited only to very small areas of the magnetic field cusps, which results in much smaller ion flux to the thruster channel surface as compared to HET. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Atmospheric‐Pressure Plasmas for Solar Cell Manufacturing
Authors: Dani I. , Mäder G. , Grabau P. , Dresler B. , Linaschke D. , Lopez E. , Kaskel S. , Beyer E 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInnovative plasma technologies operating at atmospheric pressure are especially advantageous concerning continuous processing capability. They are characterized by low costs, easy integration in existing production lines, low processing temperatures and high throughput. These economic and technological benefits are especially interesting for the manufacturing of crystalline silicon solar cells. Potential applications include PECVD as well as plasma‐chemical etching. In this work two principles of a large area plasma activation are presented: a linearly extended DC arc discharge (LARGE) and a microwave plasma (CYRANNUS). The atmosphericpressure reactors are designed for the continuous air‐to‐air processing of flat or slightly curved substrates. Gas purge systems enable the control of the atmosphere in the deposition zone and prevent the leakage of toxic gases. Extensive fluid‐dynamic modeling is used for optimization of plasma sources and reactors. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flow cytometric measurements of TB‐specific T cells comparing with QuantiFERON‐TB gold
Authors: Won Dong Il , Park Jung Ran 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground:Interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) release assays and the detection of IFN‐γ synthesis in the cytoplasm of activated CD4+ T cells by flow cytometry have recently been used for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of IFN‐γ assay between ELISA (QuantiFERON‐TB Gold, QFT) and intracellular cytokine flow cytometry (ICCFC), and to investigate the significance of an optimal gating strategy in ICCFC.Methods:The CD4+ T cell response to TB antigens was measured using the intracellular cytokine staining technique and four color FC (CD3, CD4, IFN‐γ, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)) on whole blood samples. The results were compared with those of QFT.Results:Regarding sensitivity in the TB group, patients in the QFT positive TB group (N = 22) were all ICCFC positive and 9 patients (64%) in the QFT negative TB group (N = 14) were ICCFC positive. In all test tubes (N = 72), sensitivity of “targeted” gating for TNF‐α+ IFN‐γ+ CD4+ T cells was significantly higher than customary gating (72%, 54%, respectively, P = 0.001).Conclusions:The diagnostic sensitivity of ICCFC was further confirmed to be much higher than that of QFT. In the ICCFC analysis, TNF‐α+ IFN‐γ+ CD4+ T cells should be sequentially gated through appropriately defined regions, minimizing interferents and reflecting characteristics of light scatter and marker expressions of CD4+ T cells activated by TB antigens. © 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society
Optimal design of Service Overlay Networks with economic and performance constraints
Authors: Adami Davide , Callegari Christian , Giordano Stefano , Pagano Michele , Pepe Teresa 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn the last years, Service Overlay Networks (SONs) have emerged as a promising means to address some of the issues (e.g. end‐to‐end QoS) affecting the current Internet and to favor the development and deployment of new value‐added Internet services. The deployment of an SON is a capital‐intensive investment, since bandwidth with certain QoS guarantees must be purchased from the individual network domains through bilateral Service Level Agreements. Thus, minimizing the economic cost of the logical end‐to‐end service delivery infrastructure is one of the key objectives for the SON provider. When a SON is aimed at end‐to‐end QoS provisioning, its topology must be designed so as to also satisfy the specific requirements of QoS‐sensitive applications. This paper deals with the problem of planning the SON topology in order to take into account both cost and QoS constraints. More specifically, the paper proposes a set of new algorithms for the design of an optimized SON topology, which minimizes the economic cost while simultaneously meeting bandwidth and delay constraints. A performance comparison among such algorithms is finally carried out. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An in‐house communication support system based on an information propagation model utilizing social networks
Authors: Takeuchi Susumu , Teranishi Yuuichi , Harumoto Kaname , Shimojo Shinji 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAlmost all companies are now utilizing computer networks to support speedier and more effective in‐house information‐sharing and communication. However, existing systems are designed to support communications only within the same department. Therefore, in our research, we propose an in‐house communication support system which is based on the “Information Propagation Model” (IPM). The IPM is proposed to realize word‐of‐mouth communication in a social network, and to support information‐sharing on the network. By applying the system in a real company, we found that information could be exchanged between different and unrelated departments, and such exchanges of information could help to build new relationships between the users who are apart on the social network. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(12): 43–49, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10173
Audio watermark embedding technique applying auditory stream segregation: “G‐encoder mark,” extractable by mobile phone
Authors: Modegi Toshio 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe are developing audio watermarking techniques which enable extraction of embedded data by cell phones. For this purpose data must be embedded into frequency ranges where the auditory response is prominent, and therefore data embedding will cause large amounts of auditory noise. Previously we have proposed applying a two‐channel stereo play‐back feature, in which noise generated by a data‐embedded left‐channel signal will be reduced by the other right‐channel signal. However, this proposal has the practical problem of restricting the location of the extracting terminal. In this paper, we propose to synthesize the noise‐reducing right‐channel signal with the left‐channel signal, which reduces noises completely by making use of the auditory stream segregation phenomenon in human hearing. This new proposal makes the noise‐reducing right‐channel signal unnecessary and supports monaural play‐back operation. We also propose a wide‐band embedding method causing dual auditory stream segregation, which makes possible data embedding in the entire public phone frequency range, and also stable extraction by 3‐G mobile phones. When using this method, the extraction precision becomes greater than that of the previously proposed method, and the quality degradation of the embedded signals is reduced. We present a survey of our newly proposed method, together with a comparison of experimental results comparing the new method and the previously proposed method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(12): 1–12, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10245
Compensation of power fluctuations of wind power generation by means of biomass gas turbine generator and flywheel energy storage equipment
Authors: Hara Masahiko , Yamamura Naoki , Ishida Muneaki , Wakita Masaaki , Kamada Yasunari , Maeda Takao 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPower generation using natural energy contains electric power fluctuations. Therefore, in order to put such power generation systems to practical use, compensation for system power fluctuations is needed. In this paper, we propose a power compensation method using a biomass gas turbine generator and flywheel energy storage equipment. The gas turbine generator is used for compensation of low‐frequency power fluctuations in order to decrease the required flywheel capacity. The usefulness of the proposed system is confirmed by experiments using a test plant. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(3): 1–8, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20896
A simple method for output voltage control of a three‐phase multilevel inverter considering DC voltage fluctuation
Authors: Amei Kenji , Teshima Kenji , Tanizaki Youhei , Ohji Takahisa , Sakui Masaaki 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMultilevel inverter circuit generates the stair‐like voltage without using transformer and interphase reactor, and it is the circuit which realizes reduction in the harmonics and enlargement of the capacity. In addition, the application of PWM control improves the waveform, and reduces the switching component to the conventional half, and the filter capacity is reduced.In this paper, improvement on the voltage utilization factor and feedback control of output voltage are applied to multilevel inverter circuit. For the DC power supply with the intense fluctuation, it is necessary to construct inverter circuit which can supply stabilized AC voltage. One‐chip microcomputer with various functions is used for the control equipment of this circuit, and miniaturization and cost reduction of the control equipment are realized. Here, the control principle and experimental results of this equipment are mainly reported. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(3): 40–47, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20906
Business scenario evaluation using Monte Carlo simulation on qualitative and quantitative hybrid model
Authors: Samejima Masaki , Akiyoshi Masanori , Mitsukuni Koshichiro , Komoda Norihisa 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe propose a business scenario evaluation method using a qualitative/quantitative hybrid model. In order to evaluate business factors with qualitative causal relations, we introduce statistical values based on propagation and combination of effects of business factors by Monte Carlo simulation. In propagating an effect, we divide a range of each factor by landmarks and decide an effect to a destination node based on the divided ranges. In combining effects, we determine an effect of each arc using contribution degree and sum all effects. Through applied results to practical models, it is confirmed that there are no differences between results obtained by quantitative relations and results obtained by the proposed method at the risk rate of 5%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(3): 9–18, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20950
Galectin‐9 expands immunosuppressive macrophages to ameliorate T‐cell‐mediated lung inflammation
Authors: Arikawa Tomohiro , Saita Naoki , Oomizu Souichi , Ueno Masaki , Matsukawa Akihiro , Katoh Shigeki , Kojima Keisuke , Nagahara Keiko , Miyake Minoru , Yamauchi Akira , Kohrogi Hirotsugu , Hirashima Mitsuomi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGalectin‐9 (Gal‐9) plays pivotal roles in the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity to suppress T‐cell‐mediated autoimmune models. However, it remains unclear if Gal‐9 plays a suppressive role for T‐cell function in non‐autoimmune disease models. We assessed the effects of Gal‐9 on experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by Trichosporon asahii. When Gal‐9 was given subcutaneously to C57BL/6 mice at the time of challenge with T. asahii, it significantly suppressed T. asahii‐induced lung inflammation, as the levels of IL‐1, IL‐6, IFN‐γ, and IL‐17 were significantly reduced in the BALF of Gal‐9‐treated mice. Moreover, co‐culture of anti‐CD3‐stimulated CD4 T cells with BALF cells harvested from Gal‐9‐treated mice on day 1 resulted in diminished CD4 T‐cell proliferation and decreased levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐17. CD11b+Ly‐6ChighF4/80+ BALF Mϕ expanded by Gal‐9 were responsible for the suppression. We further found in vitro that Gal‐9, only in the presence of T. asahii, expands CD11b+Ly‐6ChighF4/80+ cells from BM cells, and the cells suppress T‐cell proliferation and IFN‐γ and IL‐17 production. The present results indicate that Gal‐9 expands immunosuppressive CD11b+Ly‐6Chigh Mϕ to ameliorate Th1/Th17 cell‐mediated hypersensitivity pneumonitis.