bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The making of hemidesmosome structures in vivo
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Labouesse Michel 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHemidesmosomes are evolutionarily conserved attachment complexes linked to intermediate filaments that connect epithelial cells to the extracellular matrix. They provide tissue integrity and resistance to mechanical forces. Alterations in hemidesmosome structures are responsible for skin blistering, carcinoma invasion, and wound‐healing defects. Valuable information about hemidesmosome assembly and disassembly has been obtained from in vitro cell culture studies. However, how these processes take place in vivo still remains elusive. Here, we discuss recent data about the formation and reorganization of hemidesmosomes in several in vivo model systems, particularly zebrafish and Caenorhabditis elegans, focusing on various factors affecting their dynamics. Mechanisms found in different organisms reveal that hemidesmosome formation and maintenance in vivo are carefully controlled by ECM protein folding, ECM‐receptor expression and trafficking, and by post‐translational modification of hemidesmosome components. These findings validate and extend the in vitro studies, and shed light on our understanding about hemidesmosomes across species. Developmental Dynamics 239:1465–1476, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parallel Detection of Different DNA Sequences on One Gold Electrode
Authors: Bütow Sandra , Lisdat Fred 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMotivated by the potential of electrochemical techniques to analyze hybridization events fast and in a simple and cost‐effective way we present here a detection system allowing a parallel electrochemical DNA analysis. For this purpose different probe DNA strands have been immobilized on one electrode. By the use of two different target DNA sequences, both marked with the redox active methylene blue, we can show that hybridization with the complementary probe sh“NA strands can occur without steric hindrance. Each target has been recognized down to 3nM with a very high specificity of the sensor. In addition, we can detect two different ssDNA targets labeled with different redox active molecules, methylene blue and ferrocene, on one sensor surface simultaneously.
Radii of Redox Components from Absolute Redox Potentials Compared with Covalent and Aqueous Ionic Radii
Authors: Heyrovska Raji 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAqueous standard potentials, referred to that of the SHE as zero, were recently shown to vary linearly with gaseous ionization potentials, with the absolute potential of SHE as the intercept. This enabled arriving at the absolute redox potentials of elements. Here, the distances between the oxidized and reduced forms in aqueous solutions have been evaluated. From the linear dependence of these distances on the covalent radii of atoms, the radii of the redox components have been obtained. The latter also vary linearly with the aqueous ionic radii estimated earlier from ion‐water distances, and indicate the presence of aqueous molecular anions.
Cytochrome P4501A biomarker indication of oil exposure in harlequin ducks up to 20 years after theExxon Valdezoil spill
Authors: Esler Daniel , Trust Kimberly A. , Ballachey Brenda E. , Iverson Samuel A. , Lewis Tyler L. , Rizzolo Daniel J. , Mulcahy Daniel M. , Miles A. Keith , Woodin Bruce R. , Stegeman John J. , Henderson John D. , Wilson Barry W. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHydrocarbon-inducible cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) expression was measured, as ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, in livers of wintering harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) captured in areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, oiled by the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill and in birds from nearby unoiled areas, during 2005 to 2009 (up to 20 years following the spill). The present work repeated studies conducted in 1998 that demonstrated that in harlequin ducks using areas that received Exxon Valdez oil, EROD activity was elevated nearly a decade after the spill. The present findings strongly supported the conclusion that average levels of hepatic EROD activity were higher in ducks from oiled areas than those from unoiled areas during 2005 to 2009. This result was consistent across four sampling periods; furthermore, results generated from two independent laboratories using paired liver samples from one of the sampling periods were similar. The EROD activity did not vary in relation to age, sex, or body mass of individuals, nor did it vary strongly by season in birds collected early and late in the winter of 2006 to 2007, indicating that these factors did not confound inferences about observed differences between oiled and unoiled areas. We interpret these results to indicate that harlequin ducks continued to be exposed to residual Exxon Valdez oil up to 20 years after the original spill. This adds to a growing body of literature suggesting that oil spills have the potential to affect wildlife for much longer time frames than previously assumed. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1138–1145. © 2010 SETAC
Toxicity of the molybdate anion in soil is partially explained by effects of the accompanying cation or by soil pH
Authors: Buekers Jurgen , Mertens Jelle , Smolders Erik 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that toxicity of cationic trace metals in soil is partially confounded by effects of the accompanying anions. A similar assessment is reported here for toxicity of an oxyanion, i.e., molybdate (MoO 42−), the soil toxicity of which is relatively unexplored. Solubility and toxicity were compared between the soluble sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4) and the sparingly soluble molybdenum trioxide (MoO3). Confounding effects of salinity were excluded by referencing the Na2MoO4 effect to that of sodium chloride (NaCl). The pH decrease from the acid MoO3 amendment was equally referenced to a hydrochloric (HCl) treatment or a lime-controlled MoO3 treatment. The concentrations of molybdenum (Mo) in soil solution or calcium chloride (CaCl2) 0.01 M extracts were only marginally affected by either MoO3 or Na2MoO4 as an Mo source after 10 to 13 days of equilibration. Effects of Mo on soil nitrification were fully confounded by associated changes in salinity or pH. Effects of Mo on growth of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L) were more pronounced than those on nitrification, and toxicity thresholds were unaffected by the form of added Mo. The Mo thresholds for wheat growth were not confounded by pH or salinity at incipient toxicity. It is concluded that oxyanion toxicity might be confounded in relatively insensitive tests for which reference treatments should be included. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1274–1278. © 2010 SETAC
HLLC scheme with novel wave‐speed estimators appropriate for two‐dimensional shallow‐water flow on erodible bed
Authors: Soares‐Frazão Sandra , Zech Yves 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a first‐order HLLC (Harten‐Lax‐Van Leer with contact discontinuities) scheme to solve the Saint‐Venant shallow‐water equations, including morphological evolution of the bed by erosion and deposition of sediments. The Exner equation is used to model the morphological evolution of the bed, while a closure equation is needed to evaluate the rate of sediment transport. The system of Saint‐Venant–Exner equations is solved in a fully coupled way using a finite‐volume technique and a HLLC solver for the fluxes, with a novel wave‐speed estimator adapted to the Exner equation. Wave speeds are usually derived by computing the eigenvalues of the full system, which is highly time‐consuming when no analytical expression is available. In this paper, an eigenvalue analysis of the full system is conducted, leading to simple but still accurate wave‐speed estimators. The new numerical scheme is then tested in three different situations: (1) a circular dam‐break flow over movable bed, (2) an one‐dimensional bed aggradation problem simulated on a 2D unstructured mesh and (3) the case of a dam‐break flow in an erodible channel with a sudden enlargement, for which experimental measurements are available. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disorder‐specific inferior prefrontal hypofunction in boys with pure attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder compared to boys with pure conduct disorder during cognitive flexibility
Authors: Rubia Katya , Halari Rozmin , Cubillo Ana , Mohammad Abdul‐Majeed , Scott Stephen , Brammer Michael 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground. Problems with cognitive flexibility have been observed in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and in patients with conduct disorder (CD), characterized by the violation of societal rules and the rights of others. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of cognitive switching, however, has only been investigated in patients with ADHD, including comorbidity with CD, finding frontostriatal and temporoparietal underactivation. This study investigates disorder‐specific functional abnormalities during cognitive flexibility between medication‐naïve children and adolescents with noncomorbid CD and those with noncomorbid ADHD compared to healthy controls. Methods. Event‐related fMRI was used to compare brain activation of 14 boys with noncomorbid, childhood‐onset CD, 14 boys with noncomorbid ADHD, and 20 healthy comparison boys during a visual–spatial Switch task. Results. Behaviorally, children with ADHD compared to children with CD had significantly slower reaction times to switch compared to repeat trials. The fMRI comparison showed that the patients with ADHD compared to both controls and patients with CD showed underactivation in right and left inferior prefrontal cortex. No disorder‐specific brain underactivation was observed in patients with CD. Only when compared with controls alone, the disruptive behavior group showed reduced activation in bilateral temporoparietal and occipital brain regions. Conclusions. The findings extend previous evidence for disorder‐specific underactivation in patients with ADHD compared to patients with CD in inferior prefrontal cortex during tasks of inhibitory control to the domain of cognitive flexibility. Inferior prefrontal underactivation thus appears to be a disorder‐specific neurofunctional biomarker for ADHD when compared with patients with CD. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NGF release from thermo‐responsive collagen‐polyNIPAam polymer networks supports neuronal cell growth and differentiation
Authors: Doleski Susanne , Yao Li , Pandit Abhay , Elvira Carlos 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe combination of thermo‐sensitive polymer and natural macromolecules such as collagen type I can produce biomimetic scaffolds with enhanced properties for clinical translation. This study describes the preparation of semi‐Interpenetrated Networks (semi‐IPNs) of crosslinked poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), or PNIPAam, with collagen type I. The collagen‐PNIPAam networks with varying collagen content were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques and their thermal responsiveness was evaluated by swelling experiments, differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis. Rheological studies were performed at constant frequency and oscillating stress. PNIPAam and semi‐IPNs were preloaded with nerve growth factor (NGF), and the NGF releasing profiles at different temperatures were studied using Enzyme‐Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). The growth and differentiation of PC12 cells on NGF PNIPAam and collagen‐PNIPAam scaffolds were investigated in this study. Neurite length and neurite number of differentiated PC12 cells increased with the increase in collagen content in the scaffolds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Polyester copolymer scaffolds enhance expression of bone markers in osteoblast‐like cells
Authors: Idris Shaza Bushra , Arvidson Kristina , Plikk Peter , Ibrahim Salah , Finne‐Wistrand Anna , Albertsson Ann‐Christine , Bolstad Anne Isine , Mustafa Kamal 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn tissue engineering, the resorbable aliphatic polyester poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) is used as scaffolds in bone regeneration. Copolymers of poly(L‐lactide)‐co‐(ε‐caprolactone) [poly(LLA‐co‐CL)] and poly(L‐lactide)‐co‐(1,5‐dioxepan‐2‐one) [poly(LLA‐co‐DXO)], with superior mechanical properties to PLLA, have been developed to be used as scaffolds, but the influence on the osteogenic potential is unclear. This in vitro study of test scaffolds of poly(LLA‐co‐CL) and poly(LLA‐co‐DXO) using PLLA scaffolds as a control demonstrates the attachment and proliferation of human osteoblast‐like cells (HOB) as measured by SEM and a methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay, and the progression of HOB osteogenesis for up to 3 weeks; expressed as synthesis of the osteoblast differentiation markers: collagen type 1 (Col 1), alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin and runt related gene 2 (Runx2). Surface analysis disclosed excellent surface attachment, spread and penetration of the cells into the pores of the test scaffolds compared to the PLLA. MTT results indicated that test scaffolds enhanced the proliferation of HOBs. Cells grown on the test scaffolds demonstrated higher synthesis of Col 1 and OC and also increased bone markers mRNA expression. Compared to scaffolds of PLLA, the poly(LLA‐co‐CL) and poly(LLA‐co‐DXO) scaffolds enhanced attachment, proliferation, and expression of osteogenic markers by HOBs in vitro. Therefore, these scaffolds might be appropriate carriers for bone engineering. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Anti‐inflammatory properties of bioactive titanium metals
Authors: Yang Bangcheng , Gan Lu , Qu Yang , Yue Chongxia 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAnti‐inflammatory properties of bioactive titanium metals prepared by anodic oxidation (AO‐Ti) and alkali‐heat (AH‐Ti) treatments were studied by bacterial adhesion test and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assay methods. The bioactivities of the metals were also evaluated by apatite formation ability and osteoblasts culture experiments. Both metals could induce apatite formation and support osteoblasts proliferation. At the condition with normal incandescent light shine, both bioactive titanium metals had antibacterial adhesion properties compared with the titanium metal without treatment. The MPO activity assay proved that they both showed anti‐inflammatory properties in vivo. The bioactive AO‐Ti had better anti‐inflammatory properties than the AH‐Ti. It indicated that it is possible to optimize the anti‐inflammatory properties of the bioactive titanium metals by different preparation methods. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Calcium requirements and metabolism in Chinese-American boys and girls
Authors: Wu Lu , Martin Berdine R , Braun Michelle M , Wastney Meryl E , McCabe George P , McCabe Linda D , DiMeglio Linda A , Peacock Munro , Weaver Connie M 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Calcium requirements of North American adolescents were set at 1300 mg/day based on data from white girls. Calcium requirements for Asian-American adolescents have not been studied. Using metabolic balance protocols and a range in calcium intakes, skeletal calcium retention was determined in Chinese-American adolescents. A sample of 29 adolescents, 15 boys aged 12 to 15 years and 14 girls aged 11 to 15 years, was studied twice on paired calcium intakes ranging between 629 to 1835 mg/day using a randomized-order crossover design. Calcium absorption and bone turnover rates using double-stable calcium isotope kinetic analysis on two calcium intakes per subject were measured and compared in boys and girls. Girls and boys had low habitual mean calcium intakes of 648 and 666 mg/day, respectively, and low mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of 19.1 and 22.2 ng/mL, respectively. True fractional calcium absorption varied inversely with calcium load. Boys had significantly higher bone turnover rate than girls at the same calcium intake. Calcium retention increased with calcium intake; calcium intakes to achieve maximal calcium retention were 1100 mg/day in boys and 970 mg/day in girls. Recommendations for calcium requirements should be lowered for Chinese-American adolescents. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Osteosarcoma
Authors: Gorlick Richard , Khanna Chand 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
It has been difficult to identify the molecular features central to the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma owing to a lack of understanding of the cell or origin, the absence of identifiable precursor lesions, and its marked genetic complexity at the time of presentation. Interestingly, several human genetic disorders and familial cancer syndromes, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, are linked to an increased risk of osteosarcoma. Association of these same genetic alterations and osteosarcoma risk have been confirmed in murine models. Osteosarcoma is associated with a variety of genetic abnormalities that are among the most commonly observed in human cancer; it remains unclear, however, what events initiate and are necessary to form osteosarcoma. The availability of new resources for studying osteosarcoma and newer research methodologies offer an opportunity and promise to answer these currently unanswered questions. Even in the absence of a more fundamental understanding of osteosarcoma, association studies and preclinical drug testing may yield clinically relevant information. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Intracellular chloride regulates cell proliferation through the activation of stress‐activated protein kinases in MKN28 human gastric cancer cells
Authors: Ohsawa Rumi , Miyazaki Hiroaki , Niisato Naomi , Shiozaki Atsushi , Iwasaki Yoshinobu , Otsuji Eigo , Marunaka Yoshinori 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRecently, we reported that reduction of intracellular Cl− concentration ([Cl−]i) inhibited proliferation of MKN28 gastric cancer cells by diminishing the transition rate from G1 to S cell‐cycle phase through upregulation of p21, cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor, in a p53‐independent manner. However, it is still unknown how intracellular Cl− regulates p21 expression level. In this study, we demonstrate that mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in the p21 upregulation and cell‐cycle arrest induced by reduction of [Cl−]i. Culture of MKN28 cells in a low Cl− medium significantly induced phosphorylation (activation) of MAPKs (ERK, p38, and JNK) and G1/S cell‐cycle arrest. To clarify the involvement of MAPKs in p21 upregulation and cell growth inhibition in the low Cl− medium, we studied effects of specific MAPKs inhibitors on p21 upregulation and G1/S cell‐cycle arrest in MKN28 cells. Treatment with an inhibitor of p38 or JNK significantly suppressed p21 upregulation caused by culture in a low Cl− medium and rescued MKN28 cells from the low Cl−‐induced G1 cell‐cycle arrest, whereas treatment with an ERK inhibitor had no significant effect on p21 expression or the growth of MKN28 cells in the low Cl− medium. These results strongly suggest that the intracellular Cl− affects the cell proliferation via activation of p38 and/or JNK cascades through upregulation of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor (p21) in a p53‐independent manner in MKN28 cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 223:764–770, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dlx homeobox gene family expression in osteoclasts
Authors: Lézot F. , Thomas B.L. , Blin‐Wakkach C. , Castaneda B. , Bolanos A. , Hotton D. , Sharpe P.T. , Heymann D. , Carles G.F. , Grigoriadis A.E. , Berdal A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSkeletal growth and homeostasis require the finely orchestrated secretion of mineralized tissue matrices by highly specialized cells, balanced with their degradation by osteoclasts. Time‐ and site‐specific expression of Dlx and Msx homeobox genes in the cells secreting these matrices have been identified as important elements in the regulation of skeletal morphology. Such specific expression patterns have also been reported in osteoclasts for Msx genes. The aim of the present study was to establish the expression patterns of Dlx genes in osteoclasts and identify their function in regulating skeletal morphology. The expression patterns of all Dlx genes were examined during the whole osteoclastogenesis using different in vitro models. The results revealed that Dlx1 and Dlx2 are the only Dlx family members with a possible function in osteoclastogenesis as well as in mature osteoclasts. Dlx5 and Dlx6 were detected in the cultures but appear to be markers of monocytes and their derivatives. In vivo, Dlx2 expression in osteoclasts was examined using a Dlx2/LacZ transgenic mouse. Dlx2 is expressed in a subpopulation of osteoclasts in association with tooth, brain, nerve, and bone marrow volumetric growths. Altogether the present data suggest a role for Dlx2 in regulation of skeletal morphogenesis via functions within osteoclasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 223:779–787, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidation of phenol in a bioremediation medium using chlorine dioxide
Authors: Kumar Pardeep , Nikakhtari Hossein , Nemati Mehdi , Hill Gordon , Headley John 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: High concentrations of phenol in wastewater are difficult to remove by purely biological methods. Chemical oxidation is one way to treat high concentrations of phenol but complete oxidation will make the treatment process uneconomical. For the purpose of integrating chemical and biological treatment, the oxidation of phenol using chlorine dioxide was investigated in a medium suitable for bioremediation. The effects of chlorine dioxide concentration (500 to 2000 mg L−1), temperature (10 to 40 °C) and pH (3 to 7) on the oxidation of 2000 mg L−1 of phenol were determined.RESULTS: Chlorine dioxide concentration was found to be the dominant parameter for the removal of phenol in the nutrient rich medium. The optimal concentration of chlorine dioxide to completely oxidize 2000 mg L−1 of phenol was 2000 mg L−1. Compared with Fenton's reagent, half as much chlorine dioxide was needed to oxidize 2000 mg L−1 phenol. The reaction of chlorine dioxide with phenol was very fast and reached equilibrium within 10 min. The main oxidation products were identified as 1,4‐benzoquinone and 2‐chloro‐1,4‐benzoquinone.CONCLUSION: Compared with Fenton's reagent, chlorine dioxide is a superior oxidant for removal of phenol from both pure water and bioremediation medium. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Treatment of ampicillin‐loaded wastewater by combined adsorption and biodegradation
Authors: Shen Liang , Liu Yu , Xu Hai‐Lou 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study investigated the treatment of ampicillin (AMP)‐loaded wastewater in airlift reactors where biofilms were developed on granular activated carbon (GAC). A series of batch experiments were thus carried out in order to differentiate potentials of adsorption and biodegradation which would jointly contribute to the AMP removal.RESULTS: Results showed that almost all influent AMP was removed in two reactors supplemented with 4 and 8 mg L−1 AMP, respectively. Batch experiments revealed that the percentage of the AMP removed through biodegradation increased along with the development of biofilms on GAC. For the mature biofilm‐covered GAC, adsorption accounted for about 60% of the observed AMP removal, whereas the other 40% could be attributed to biodegradation. Possible degraders of AMP were also identified, such as Acinetobacter sp., Flavobacterium sp., Pseudoxanthomonas sp., Delftia sp. and Sphingobium sp.CONCLUSION: The airlift biofilm reactor with GAC as carrier would be a feasible technology for treating AMP‐loaded wastewater due to the joint action of adsorption and biodegradation of AMP by the biofilm‐covered GAC. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry