bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silibinin prevents amyloid β peptide‐induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in mice
Authors: Lu P , Mamiya T , Lu LL , Mouri A , Zou LB , Nagai T , Hiramatsu M , Ikejima T , Nabeshima T 
Published: June 2009

Background and purpose:  Accumulated evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in amyloid β (Aβ)‐induced cognitive dysfunction. Silibinin (silybin), a flavonoid derived from the herb milk thistle (Silybum marianum), has been shown to have antioxidative properties; however, it remains unclear whether silibinin improves Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity. In the present study, we examined the effect of silibinin on the memory impairment and accumulation of oxidative stress induced by Aβ25–35 in mice.Experimental approach:  Aggregated Aβ25–35 (3 nmol) was intracerebroventricularly administered to mice. Treatment with silibinin (2, 20 and 200 mg·kg−1, once a day, p.o.) was started immediately after the injection of Aβ25–35. Locomotor activity was evaluated 6 days after the Aβ25–35 treatment, and cognitive function was evaluated in a Y‐maze and novel object recognition tests 6–11 days after the Aβ25–35 treatment. The levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and antioxidant (glutathione) in the hippocampus were measured 7 days after the Aβ25–35 injection.Key results:  Silibinin prevented the memory impairment induced by Aβ25–35 in the Y‐maze and novel object recognition tests. Repeated treatment with silibinin attenuated the Aβ25–35‐induced accumulation of malondialdehyde and depletion of glutathione in the hippocampus.Conclusions and implications:  Silibinin prevents memory impairment and oxidative damage induced by Aβ25–35 and may be a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.
Actions of veratridine on tetrodotoxin‐sensitive voltage‐gated Na+currents, NaV1.6, in murine vas deferens myocytes
Authors: Zhu Hai‐Lei , Wassall Richard D. , Takai Maki , Morinaga Hidetaka , Nomura Masatoshi , Cunnane Thomas C. , Teramoto Noriyoshi 
Published: June 2009

Background and purpose: The effects of veratridine, an alkaloid found inLiliaceaeplants, on tetrodotoxin (TTX)‐sensitive voltage‐gated Na+channels were investigated in mouse vas deferens.Experimental approach: Effects of veratridine on TTX‐sensitive Na+currents (INa) in vas deferens myocytes dispersed from BALB/c mice, homozygous mice with a null allele of NaV1.6 (NaV1.6−/−) and wild‐type mice (NaV1.6+/+) were studied using patch‐clamp techniques. Tension measurements were also performed to compare the effects of veratridine on phasic contractions in intact tissues.Key results: In whole‐cell configuration, veratridine had a concentration‐dependent dual action on the peak amplitude of INa: INawas enhanced by veratridine (1–10 µM), while higher concentrations (≥30 µM) inhibited INa. Additionally, two membrane current components were evoked by veratridine, namely a sustained inward current during the duration of the depolarizing rectangular pulse and a tail current at the repolarization. Although veratridine caused little shift of the voltage dependence of the steady‐state inactivation curve and the activation curve for INa, veratridine enhanced a non‐inactivating component of INa. Veratridine caused no detectable contractions in vas deferens from NaV1.6−/−mice, although in tissues from NaV1.6+/+mice, veratridine (≥3 µM) induced TTX‐sensitive contractions. Similarly, no detectable inward currents were evoked by veratridine in NaV1.6−/−vas deferens myocytes, while veratridine elicited both the sustained and tail currents in cells taken from NaV1.6+/+mice.Conclusions and implications: These results suggest that veratridine possesses a dual action on INaand that the veratridine‐induced activation of contraction is induced by the activation of NaV1.6 channels.
Integrative Medicine: Incorporating Medicine and Health into the Canon of Medieval European History
Authors: Green Monica H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHitherto peripheral (if not outright ignored) in general medieval historiography, medieval medical history is now a vibrant subdiscipline, one that is rightly attracting more and more attention from ‘mainstream’ historians and other students of cultural history. It does, however, have its particular characteristics, and understanding its source materials, methods, and analytical limitations may help those not trained in the field better navigate, explore and potentially contribute to its possibilities for illuminating the intersections of medicine and health with other aspects of medieval culture. Although this article focuses primarily on western Europe, many of its observations are also relevant to the Islamic world and Byzantium precisely because all three cultures shared many of the same intellectual traditions and social structures. The attached bibliography serves as a general introduction to the current state of the field.
Onshore record of Hudson River drainage to the continental shelf from the late Miocene through the late Wisconsinan deglaciation, USA: synthesis and revision
Authors: STANFORD SCOTT D. 
Published: June 2009

Stanford, S. D. 2009: Onshore record of Hudson River drainage to the continental shelf from the late Miocene through the late Wisconsinan deglaciation, USA: synthesis and revision. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00106.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.Fluvial and glacial deposits in New Jersey, Long Island, and the Hudson valley provide a record of Hudson River drainage since the late Miocene. Late Miocene fluvial deposits record southerly flow across the emerged inner New Jersey shelf. In the late Miocene–early Pliocene this drainage incised, shifted southwesterly, and discharged to the shelf south of New Jersey. During late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene glaciation, discharge to the shelf in the New York City area was established. This drainage incised and stabilized in the Early and Middle Pleistocene and remained open during pre‐Wisconsinan (Oxygen Isotope Stage 6? (OIS‐6?)) and late Wisconsinan (OIS‐2) glacial advances. During late Wisconsinan retreat, moraine deposits dammed the valley at the Narrows to form Lake Albany. From 19 to 15.5 kyr BP (all dates in 14C yr), Hudson drainage was directed eastward into the Long Island Sound lowland. Drainage of Lake Wallkill into Lake Albany at 15.5 kyr BP breached the Narrows dam and initiated the unstable phase of Lake Albany, which was controlled by eroding spillways, first on the moraine dam, then on emerged lake‐bottom in the mid‐Hudson valley. Marine incursion between 12 and 11 kyr BP limited fluvial incision of the lake bottom, stabilizing the Quaker Springs, Coveville, and upper Fort Ann spillways. Lowering sea level between 11 and 10 kyr BP allowed incision from the upper to lower Fort Ann threshold. Sediment eroded by lake outflows between 15 and 10.5 kyr BP was trapped in the glacially deepened lower valley. Little inland sediment reached the shelf after 20 kyr BP.
Schmidt hammer exposure‐age dating: developing linear age‐calibration curves using Holocene bedrock surfaces from the Jotunheimen–Jostedalsbreen regions of southern Norway
Authors: MATTHEWS JOHN A. , OWEN GERAINT 
Published: June 2009

Matthews, J. A. & Owen, G. 2009: Schmidt hammer exposure‐age dating: developing linear age‐calibration curves using Holocene bedrock surfaces from the Jotunheimen–Jostedalsbreen regions of southern Norway. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00107.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.The approach to calibrated‐age dating of rock surfaces using Schmidt hammer R‐values is developed, potential errors in dating Holocene rock surfaces are estimated and limitations are assessed. Multiple sites from glacially abraded bedrock outcrops of two ages (glacier forelands deglaciated for c. 100 years and adjacent late‐Preboreal terrain deglaciated for c. 9700 years) are used to analyse the variability of mean R‐values and to construct linear age‐calibration curves for three sub‐regions in the Jotunheimen–Jostedalsbreen regions of southern Norway. Conservative potential dating errors of 246–632 years are estimated using 95% confidence intervals associated with two control points, the width of the error limits being significantly greater for the Preboreal surfaces than for the younger Little Ice Age surfaces. Substantial improvements over previous age calibrations are largely attributable to the use of multiple sites as part of a research design that has effectively controlled for geological differences between the three sub‐regions. In the context of the Holocene time scale, the technique is seen as complementary to cosmogenic‐nuclide dating (which currently has lower precision) and lichenometric dating (which has a lower temporal range).
Parameter Estimation and Actuator Characteristics of Hybrid Magnetic Bearings for Axial Flow Blood Pump Applications
Authors: Lim Tau Meng , Cheng Shanbao , Chua Leok Poh 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAxial flow blood pumps are generally smaller as compared to centrifugal pumps. This is very beneficial because they can provide better anatomical fit in the chest cavity, as well as lower the risk of infection. This article discusses the design, levitated responses, and parameter estimation of the dynamic characteristics of a compact hybrid magnetic bearing (HMB) system for axial flow blood pump applications. The rotor/impeller of the pump is driven by a three‐phase permanent magnet brushless and sensorless motor. It is levitated by two HMBs at both ends in five degree of freedom with proportional–integral–derivative controllers, among which four radial directions are actively controlled and one axial direction is passively controlled. The frequency domain parameter estimation technique with statistical analysis is adopted to validate the stiffness and damping coefficients of the HMB system. A specially designed test rig facilitated the estimation of the bearing's coefficients in air—in both the radial and axial directions. Experimental estimation showed that the dynamic characteristics of the HMB system are dominated by the frequency‐dependent stiffness coefficients. By injecting a multifrequency excitation force signal onto the rotor through the HMBs, it is noticed in the experimental results the maximum displacement linear operating range is 20% of the static eccentricity with respect to the rotor and stator gap clearance. The actuator gain was also successfully calibrated and may potentially extend the parameter estimation technique developed in the study of identification and monitoring of the pump's dynamic properties under normal operating conditions with fluid.
Biocompatibility Assessment of Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions With a New In Vitro Model of Preconditioned Human HL60 Cells
Authors: Koball Sebastian , Korten Gero , Stange Jan , Schmidt Reinhard , Mitzner Steffen 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to test the human promyelocytic cell line HL60 for its usability as a new cell model for the immune barrier of the peritoneum, and to investigate the impact of different peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions in the model. HL60 cells were stimulated by retinoic acid and recombinant human granulocyte and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor to differentiate into neutrophilic granulocytes. Cells were incubated in different commercially available PD solutions. After a 4‐h incubation, functional (chemiluminescence phagocytosis) and viability tests (Live‐Dead, XTT) were performed. High glucose concentrations (>1.36%) and low pH values (<7.0) appeared to be detrimental for neutrophil functions and for neutrophil viability. There is a quantitative correlation between glucose concentration and the cytotoxicity of standard PD solutions (PD 1.36% glucose shows 42.6% higher chemiluminescence than PD 3.86% glucose [P < 0.05]). PD solution containing icodextrin shows 74.3% higher chemiluminescence than PD 3.86% glucose, and PD solution with amino acids shows 52.4% higher chemiluminescence than PD 3.86% glucose which is a sign for better biocompatibility in these tests (P < 0.05). The test system is useful for biocompatibility investigations of PD solutions and their effect on immune cells, for example, neutrophil granulocytes. It does not depend on donor variability and availability in comparison to models based on primary isolated leukocytes.
Lobar Torsion After Lung Transplantation—A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Shakoor Hasan , Murthy Sudish , Mason David , Johnston Douglas , Shah Sonia S. , Carrillo Maria C. , Mehta Atul C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLobar torsion is a rare complication following lung transplantation. Early detection and immediate therapeutic intervention can lead to a favorable outcome. We report an unusual case of left lingular torsion following single lung transplantation performed for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The patient experienced severe ventilatory compromise immediately after leaving the operating room, and a chest X‐ray revealed a well‐demarcated area of consolidation involving the left mid‐ and lower lung zones. Lingular torsion was promptly diagnosed and corrected surgically. The possibility of acute lobar torsion should be considered in lung transplant recipients who experience acute respiratory compromise in the early postoperative period. Early diagnosis and correction can avoid pulmonary infarction and the need for lobar resection.
Human Clinical Fitting Study of the DexAide Right Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Ootaki Yoshio , Ootaki Chiyo , Massiello Alex , Horvath David , Chen Ji‐Feng , Mihaljevic Tomislav , Navia Jose L. , Smedira Nicholas G. , Golding Leonard A.R. , Fukamachi Kiyotaka 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe DexAide right ventricular assist device (RVAD) has been developed as an implantable RVAD. The purpose of this study was to determine the final design and optimal anatomical placement of the DexAide RVAD when implanted simultaneously with either of two commercially available left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) in patients. A mock‐up DexAide RVAD was used to assess configuration with each of two types of commercially available LVADs at the time of LVAD implantation in three human clinical cases. The pump body of the DexAide RVAD was placed either in the preperitoneal space or in the right thoracic cavity. The DexAide RVAD placed into the right thoracic cavity is suitable for use with the Novacor or HeartMate II LVADs. The results of this study will guide the finalization of the inflow cannula and optimal placement of the DexAide RVAD for human clinical trials.
An In Vivo Autotransplant Model of Renal Preservation: Cold Storage Versus Machine Perfusion in the Prevention of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: La Manna Gaetano , Conte Diletta , Cappuccilli Maria Laura , Nardo Bruno , D'Addio Francesca , Puviani Lorenza , Comai Giorgia , Bianchi Francesca , Bertelli Riccardo , Lanci Nicole , Donati Gabriele , Scolari Maria Piera , Faenza Alessandro , Stefoni Sergio 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThere is increasing proof that organ preservation by machine perfusion is able to limit ischemia/reperfusion injury in kidney transplantation. This study was designed to compare the efficiency in hypothermic organ preservation by machine perfusion or cold storage in an animal model of kidney autotransplantation.Twelve pigs underwent left nephrectomy after warm ischemic time; the organs were preserved in machine perfusion (n = 6) or cold storage (n = 6) and then autotransplanted with immediate contralateral nephrectomy. The following parameters were compared between the two groups of animals: hematological and urine indexes of renal function, blood/gas analysis values, histological features, tissue adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate (ATP) content, perforin gene expression in kidney biopsies, and organ weight changes were compared before and after preservation.The amount of cellular ATP was significantly higher in organs preserved by machine perfusion; moreover, the study of apoptosis induction revealed an enhanced perforin expression in the kidneys, which underwent simple hypothermic preservation compared to the machine‐preserved ones. Organ weight was significantly decreased after cold storage, but it remained quite stable for machine‐perfused kidneys.The present model seems to suggest that organ preservation by hypothermic machine perfusion is able to better control cellular impairment in comparison with cold storage.
Seizure frequency and sex steroids in women with partial epilepsy on antiepileptic therapy
Authors: Murialdo Giovanni , Magri Flavia , Tamagno Gianluca , Ameri Pietro , Camera Antonella , Colnaghi Silvia , Perucca Piero , Ravera Giambattista , Galimberti Carlo Andrea 
Published: June 2009

SummaryPurpose:  Neuroactive sex steroids influence neuron excitability, which is enhanced by estradiol (E2) and decreased by progesterone (Pg). In epilepsy, the production, metabolism, biologic availability, and activity of sex hormones may be affected by seizures themselves or by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). This cross‐sectional observational study was aimed at evaluating the relationships between sex steroids, seizure frequency, and other clinical parameters in women with partial epilepsy (PE) on AED treatments.Methods:  Serum E2, Pg, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels, free E2 (fE2), and E2/Pg ratios were determined during the follicular and luteal phases in 72 adult women with PE, and in 30 healthy controls. Hormonal data were correlated with seizure frequency, age, body weight, body mass index (BMI), disease onset and duration, and AED therapies.Results:  In patients, E2, fE2, and Pg levels were lower in both ovarian phases, whereas those of SHBG were higher than in controls. No significant changes in hormone levels and in prevalence of anovulatory cycles were observed between patients grouped according to their seizure frequency. However, when compared with those in healthy controls, luteal fE2 and Pg levels were chiefly impaired in women with more frequent seizures, mostly undergoing AED polytherapies, but not in those with absent or rarer seizures.Conclusions:  The actual changes in sex steroid levels and E2/Pg ratios did not explain an increased seizure frequency in adult women with AED‐treated PE, but patients with more severe disease showed more relevant changes in their sex hormone profile and impaired Pg levels during the luteal phase.
Stiripentol open study in Japanese patients with Dravet syndrome
Authors: Inoue Yushi , Ohtsuka Yoko , Oguni Hirokazu , Tohyama Jun , Baba Hiroshi , Fukushima Katsuyuki , Ohtani Hideyuki , Takahashi Yukitoshi , Ikeda Shunya 
Published: June 2009

SummaryPurpose:  To survey the treatment situation of Dravet syndrome in Japan and to compare this result with effectiveness of stiripentol (STP) add‐on therapy in an open‐label multicenter study.Methods:  Medical records of patients with Dravet syndrome who visited the study institutions during 2006 were surveyed to examine the effect of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on clonic or tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS). Patients older than 1 year of age treated with at least one conventional AED and more than four GTCS per month were invited to participate in the STP study. Seizure status and adverse effects during the first 4 weeks of STP (50 or 1,000 mg/day) add‐on therapy (early period) and during long‐term treatment were compared with baseline.Results:  Only 15% of the treatment trials with 15 conventional AEDs in 112 patients succeeded in reducing seizures by more than 50%. With STP, GTCS were reduced more than 50% in 14 of 23 patients (61%), including 2 who became seizure‐free, in the early period. Moreover, duration of seizures was shortened in 10 patients and status epilepticus decreased in 6. These effects continued in the long‐term although to a lesser degree. Adverse effects (loss of appetite, sleep disturbance, ataxia, hyperactivity/irritability) disappeared after dose modification in most cases. STP was effective at a lower than initial dose in five patients. Some patients benefited from STP added on clobazam despite mutation in CYP2C19.Conclusion:  Our data suggest that an early introduction of STP into Japan will result in substantial patient benefit.
Structures involved at the time of temporal lobe spikes revealed by interindividual group analysis of EEG/fMRI data
Authors: Kobayashi Eliane , Grova Christophe , Tyvaert Louise , Dubeau François , Gotman Jean 
Published: June 2009

SummaryPurpose:  We measured metabolic changes associated with temporal lobe (TL) spikes using combined electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We selected 18 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who underwent a 2‐h simultaneous EEG–fMRI and had unilateral or bilateral independent TL spikes for interindividual group analysis, in order to identify consistent blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses to TL spikes.Methods:  EEG was postprocessed and spikes were visually identified. fMRI data were preprocessed with motion correction, spatial smoothing, and removal of low frequency drifts. Spike timings were used as events for fMRI statistical analysis. Four hemodynamic response functions were used to account for variability in the BOLD response.Results:  Group analysis revealed common areas of BOLD activations and deactivations. The hemodynamic response function (HRF) peaking 3 s after the spike showed activation involving ipsilaterally the mesial temporal structures (presumably the hippocampus), putamen/globus pallidus, inferior insula, and superior temporal gyrus. The HRF peaking at 5 s showed activations involving ipsi‐ and contralaterally the superior temporal gyrus and inferior insula. Both HRFs showed bilateral posterior cingulate deactivations.Discussion:  We disclosed involvement of a network of activated areas during unilateral TL spikes, including ipsilateral mesial temporal structures, basal ganglia, and bilateral neocortical temporal regions. Despite the low temporal resolution of fMRI we demonstrated that contralateral temporal involvement occurred later than ipsilateral activation. This contralateral change took place in the absence of visible EEG changes. The posterior cingulate deactivation may reflect the interconnections between this region and other limbic structures. It may also partially correspond to a suspension of the default mode network, as previously described for TL spikes.
Drug resistant ADLTE and recurrent partial status epilepticus with dysphasic features in a family with a novel LGI1mutation: electroclinical, genetic, and EEG/fMRI findings
Authors: Bonaventura Carlo Di , Carni Marco , Diani Erica , Fattouch Jinane , Vaudano Elisabetta A. , Egeo Gabriella , Pantano Patrizia , Maraviglia Bruno , Bozzao Luigi , Manfredi Mario , Prencipe Massimiliano , Giallonardo Teresa A. , Nobile Carlo 
Published: June 2009

SummaryPurpose:  We characterized a family with autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy (ADLTE) whose proband presented uncommon electroclinical findings such as drug‐resistant seizures and recurrent episodes of status epilepticus with dysphasic features.Methods:  The electroclinical characteristics and LGI1 genotype were defined in the family. In the proband, the ictal pattern was documented during video‐EEG monitoring and epileptic activity was mapped by EEG/fMRI.Results:  The affected members who were studied had drug‐resistant seizures. In the proband, seizures with predominant dysphasic features often occurred as partial status epilepticus. The video‐EEG‐documented ictal activity and fMRI activation clearly indicated the elective involvement of the left posterior lateral temporal cortex. Sequencing of LGI1 exons revealed a heterozygous c.367G>A mutation in exon 4, resulting in a Glu123Lys substitution in the protein sequence.Conclusions:  The uncommon clinical pattern (high seizure frequency, drug‐resistance) highlights the variability of the ADLTE phenotype and extends our knowledge of the clinical spectrum associated with LGI1 mutations.