bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between remnant cholesterol and chronic kidney disease: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Karakasis Paschalis , Patoulias Dimitrios , Rizzo Manfredi , Fragakis Nikolaos , Mantzoros Christos S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackground and AimsAdequate lipid control has emerged as a key factor in the prevention and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Remnant cholesterol (RC), a lipoprotein with an established association with cardiovascular risk, has been investigated in the context of CKD. Given the conflicting results from recent studies, we performed this meta‐analysis to summarize the existing evidence on the association between RC and CKD.MethodsMedline, Cochrane Library and Scopus were searched until 16 September 2024. Double‐independent study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were performed. Evidence was pooled using random‐effects meta‐analyses. We set as primary end‐point of interest the association between RC and CKD.ResultsTwelve studies (4 139 674 participants) were included. Participants with RC values in the highest quantile had significantly greater odds of CKD compared to those in the lowest quantile (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26–1.68). In a sensitivity analysis confined to subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D), those in the higher RC quantile also exhibited significantly increased odds of CKD compared to those in the lowest quantile (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.20–1.78). A significant inverse association was observed between RC and estimated glomerular filtration rate (Mean Difference [MD] = −1.43 mL/min/1.73 m2 for each 1 mmol/L increase in RC, 95% CI = [−2.67, −0.19]). Additionally, individuals with T2D‐related CKD had a 24% increased risk of progression to end‐stage renal disease for each 1 standard deviation increase in RC (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.04–1.47).ConclusionsRC is directly associated with higher risk for CKD. Beyond traditional lipid markers, greater emphasis should be placed on RC levels in individuals with or at risk for CKD.
How Teacher Efficacy and Receptivity Affect the Perceived Outcomes of Curriculum Reform in Myanmar Basic Education
Authors: Latt Kyaw Min , Wei Gao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThere are few published studies on teacher efficacy and receptivity in Myanmar basic education curriculum reform. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of teacher efficacy and receptivity to the new curriculum implementation and their impact on perceived outcomes of the curriculum reform, using SEM. A mixed‐method inquiry was applied, and the sample was 800 primary teachers to conduct surveys and eight teachers to interview. The test items were calculated to determine whether there was reliability and validity or not. Results showed that primary teachers feel assured that they have the ability and skills to influence their students' achievement in the new curriculum and they positively perceive the new curriculum reform and are receptive to its implementation. Primary teachers from urban and more experienced teachers are more acceptable the new curriculum rather than those from rural and less‐experienced ones. In examining SEM, teachers with strong self‐efficacy beliefs, the practicality of the new curriculum, feelings in comparison with the previous education system, and behavioural intentions are better able to implement the new curriculum successfully in Myanmar and the correlation of teacher efficacy and receptivity was a novel finding and the relationship between them was very high. With great expectations on Myanmar's educational system, primary teachers encounter the challenges in the implementation of curriculum reform though they can perceive the outcomes of curriculum reform.
Long‐Term Phosphate Addition Changes Soil P Accumulation via phoD‐Harbouring Bacterial Community in Loess Plateau
Authors: He Renyuan , Luo Zhuzhu , Li Lingling , Niu Yining , Zhang Yaoquan , Li Liangliang , Liu Jiahe , Chen Zhiming 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe bacterial phoD gene encoding alkaline phosphatase (ALP) plays a crucial role in the mineralisation of organic phosphorus (Po) to inorganic phosphorus (Pi). The purpose of this study was to explore the association between soil P fractions and the phoD‐harbouring bacterial community. Based on a long‐term P fertilisation experiment in calcareous soil on the Loess Plateau (started in 2014), this study analysed the results of treatments including four P fertilisation rates: 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg P2O5 ha−1 (denoted as P0, P60, P120 and P180, respectively). The abundance and community structure of the ALP‐encoding gene (phoD) were analysed by PCR amplification and high‐throughput sequencing, and the soil P fractions were measured using Hedley sequential fractionation approach. The majority of soil P was present in the form of HCl‐Pi, and P fertilisation significantly increased the contents of Resin‐P, NaHCO3‐Pi, NaHCO3‐Po, NaOH‐Pi, NaOH‐Po and HCl‐Pi in soil. The ALP activity and phoD gene abundance in the P120 and P180 treatments were significantly less than those in the P0 and P60 treatments: P180 decreased by 14.52% and 46.83% compared with P0, respectively. ALP activity was positively correlated with pH, but negatively correlated with the contents of Resin‐P, NaHCO3‐Pi, NaHCO3‐Po and NaOH‐Pi. P fertilisation decreased the relative abundance of the genera Streptomyces, Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobacter. Sinorhizobium had the highest abundance in low‐P (P60) soil and played an important role in improving ALP activity and bacterial community network stability. P fertilisation significantly affected the community assembly processes of phoD‐harbouring bacteria, with high‐P input promoting stochastic processes in soil. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) contents significantly affected the abundance of phoD, while pH and MBP contents significantly affected the composition of the phoD bacterial community. ALP activity was significantly correlated with phoD gene abundance, which played a key role in promoting Po turnover and improving soil P availability. The decrease in soil pH and the increase of MBC and MBP contents caused by long‐term P fertilisation influenced the activity of ALP by regulating phoD gene abundance and community composition, thereby inhibiting the mineralisation of Po.
UAM‐Net: Robust Deepfake Detection Through Hybrid Attention Into Scalable Convolutional Network
Authors: Sudarshana Kerenalli , Vamsidhar Yendapalli 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe recent advancements in computer vision have transformed data manipulation detection into a significantly challenging task. Deepfakes are advanced manipulation methods for generating highly convincing synthetic media wherein one digitally forges an individual's visuals. Therefore, safeguarding the authenticity and integrity of digital content against such forgeries and developing robust detection methods is essential. Identifying manipulated regions and channels within deepfake images is especially critical in countering these forgeries. Introducing attention features into the classification pipeline enhances the detection of subtle manipulations. Such subtle manipulations are typical of deepfake content. This study presents a novel feature selection approach, a Unified Attention Mechanism into convolutional networks—the ‘UAM‐Net’. The UAM‐Net framework concurrently integrates spatial and channel attention features into the data‐driven scalable convolutional features. The UAM‐Net was trained and evaluated on the DeepFake Detection Challenge Preview (DFDC‐P) data set. It was then cross‐validated on combined FaceForensics++ and CelebA‐DF data sets. UAM‐Net has achieved outstanding results, including an accuracy of 98.07%, precision of 97.91%, recall of 98.23%, F1 score of 98.07% and an AUC‐ROC score of 99.82%. The UAM‐Net model maintained strong performance on the combined data set and achieved 89.7% accuracy, 85.4% precision, 95.8% recall, 90.3% F1 score, and AUC ROC score of 96.8%. The UAM‐Net also demonstrated robustness to degraded input quality with 96.98% accuracy and 97% AUC‐ROC on the spatially compressed DFDC‐P data set. Thus, the model would adapt to real‐world conditions, as evidenced by a 97% AUC‐ROC on randomly blurred data sets.
Generative AI for Finance: Applications, Case Studies and Challenges
Authors: Sai Siva , Arunakar Keya , Chamola Vinay , Hussain Amir , Bisht Pranav , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGenerative AI (GAI), which has become increasingly popular nowadays, can be considered a brilliant computational machine that can not only assist with simple searching and organising tasks but also possesses the capability to propose new ideas, make decisions on its own and derive better conclusions from complex inputs. Finance comprises various difficult and time‐consuming tasks that require significant human effort and are highly prone to errors, such as creating and managing financial documents and reports. Hence, incorporating GAI to simplify processes and make them hassle‐free will be consequential. Integrating GAI with finance can open new doors of possibility. With its capacity to enhance decision‐making and provide more effective personalised insights, it has the power to optimise financial procedures. In this paper, we address the research gap of the lack of a detailed study exploring the possibilities and advancements of the integration of GAI with finance. We discuss applications that include providing financial consultations to customers, making predictions about the stock market, identifying and addressing fraudulent activities, evaluating risks, and organising unstructured data. We explore real‐world examples of GAI, including Finance generative pre‐trained transformer (GPT), Bloomberg GPT, and so forth. We look closer at how finance professionals work with AI‐integrated systems and tools and how this affects the overall process. We address the challenges presented by comprehensibility, bias, resource demands, and security issues while at the same time emphasising solutions such as GPTs specialised in financial contexts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive paper dealing with GAI for finance.
Molecular Analysis of the Accuracy of Phenotypic Sex Assessment by Anglers in Norwegian Atlantic Salmon Fisheries
Authors: Robertsen Grethe , Burton Tim , Ugedal Ola , Ulvan Eva M. , Diserud Ola H. , Solem Øyvind , Spets Merethe Hagen , Karlsson Sten , Fiske Peder 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA management regulation applied in some recreational Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fisheries is a moratorium on harvest of female fish, which can only be effective if recreational anglers can consistently discriminate females from males. We used molecular methods to compare angler‐reported sexes of salmon captured in Norwegian populations with the true sexes of the same individuals. We made this comparison (i) among rivers that were subject to female no‐take policies or not within the same year; and (ii) within rivers before and after a female no‐take regulation was instituted. Sex was misclassified for ca. 25% of salmon that were true females, especially those that were large or captured early in the season. Furthermore, true females were misclassified more often when a female no‐take regulation was in effect. We conclude that a management regulation aimed at protecting female salmon in recreational fisheries may be less effective than expected.
Risk‐averse or altruistic? Board chairs' early‐life experience and debt maturity
Authors: Chen Yong , Chang Yun‐Ching , Huang Guan‐Ying 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between board chairs' early‐life experiences during the Great Chinese Famine and the debt maturity choices of Chinese listed firms from 2000 to 2017. The findings reveal that board chairs with famine experience demonstrate a stronger preference for long‐term debt usage. Moreover, these board chairs underestimate future corporate earnings, are less prone to overinvestment, adopt more hedging strategies, and ensure higher‐quality accounting information. The results are particularly pronounced in firms with lower asset redeployability, higher financial distress risk, the absence of political affiliations, non‐state ownership, lower market competition, and heightened economic policy uncertainty. These findings suggest that the observed behavior stems from a risk‐averse orientation rather than altruistic motivations among board chairs with famine experience.
Enhancing Adverse Event Reporting With Clinical Language Models: Inpatient Falls
Authors: Cho Insook , Park Hyunchul , Park Byeong Sun , Lee Dong‐geon 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsTo develop a method for computationally detecting fall events using clinical language models to complement existing self‐reporting mechanisms.DesignRetrospective observational study.MethodsText data were collected from the unstructured nursing notes of three hospitals' electronic health records and the Korean national patient safety reports, totalling 34,480 records covering the period from January 2015 to December 2019. Note‐level labelling was conducted by two researchers with 95% agreement. Preprocessing data anonymisation and English translation were followed by semantic validation. Five language models based on pretrained Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT)‐4 with prompt programming were explored. Model performance was assessed using F measurements. Error analysis was conducted for the GPT‐4 results.ResultsFine‐tuned BERT models with the English data set outperformed GPT‐4, with Bio+Clinical BERT achieving the highest F1 score of 0.98. Fine‐tuned Korean BERT with the Korean data set also reached an F1 score of 0.98, while GPT‐4 achieved a competitive F1 score of 0.94. GPT‐4 with prompt programming showed much higher F1 scores than GPT‐4 with a standardised prompt for the English data set (0.85 vs. 0.39) and the Korean data set (0.94 vs. 0.03). The error analysis identified that the common misclassification patterns included fall history and homonyms, causing false positives and implicit expressions and missing contextual information, causing false negatives.ConclusionThe clinical language model approach, if used alongside the existing self‐reporting, promises to increase the chance of identifying the majority of factual falls without the need for additional chart reviews.ImpactInpatient falls are often underreported, with up to 91% of incidents missed in self‐reports. Using language models, we identified a significant portion of these unreported falls, improving the accuracy of adverse event tracking while reducing the self‐reporting burden on nurses.Patient or Public ContributionNot applicable.
Impact of Spatial Distribution Methods for Rainfall on Flash Floods Modelling Using a Hydrodynamic Model
Authors: Sun Nan , Huang Wei , Creed Maggie , Sun Xihuan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn small mountain catchments, the spatial and temporal resolution of rainfall can vary significantly across the catchment. However, rainfall gauging stations can be sparse in these regions, and collected data may not reflect the real rainfall distribution across the catchment. When modelling flash floods, finding a suitable approach to estimate the actual rainfall distribution is nontrivial. In this study, the effectiveness of different methods for obtaining a spatial and temporal rainfall distribution for use in numerical modelling of flash floods was investigated using a full two‐dimensional depth‐averaged shallow‐water hydrodynamic model. It was demonstrated that the Thiessen polygon method and the inverse distance weighted interpolation method (IDW), with appropriate empirical coefficients, produce results in agreement with observed stage and discharge hydrographs. We show that the uniform distribution method cannot be used to represent realistic spatial and temporal variability of rainfall for flash flood events in small mountain catchments. By combining available data with the common IDW method, missing rainfall timeseries data in a small catchment can be estimated, even for short‐duration time scales, such as a single flash flood event.
Among common neuropsychological tests, the Paced auditory serial addition test is the strongest predictor of trait fatigue in patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Berginström Nils , Thelander Johan , Nordström Peter , Nordström Anna 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFatigue is one of the most common symptoms following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite its prevalence, fatigue remains a challenging concept to define and measure. The aim of the present study was to explore potential relationships between self‐rated fatigue in patients with TBI and performance on several widely used neuropsychological tests. In a cross‐sectional design, patients with TBI (n = 68) and healthy controls (n = 27) underwent a comprehensive battery of commonly used neuropsychological tests and completed two self‐assessment fatigue scales, the Fatigue Severity Scale and the Mental Fatigue Scale. Patients with TBI performed worse on neuropsychological tests of short‐term memory, processing speed and executive functioning (inhibition) compared to healthy controls. Within the TBI group, only the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) and the Stroop—Inhibition task showed significant correlations with measures of fatigue. However, after adjusting for relevant demographic variables, including age, gender, education and TBI severity, only PASAT remained significantly associated with the Mental Fatigue Scale (r = .45, p = .005). Within the healthy control group, no such associations were found. These results highlight an interesting relationship between PASAT performance and self‐assessed fatigue. With further research, PASAT, modifications of it or similar measures could potentially help clinicians in evaluating fatigue in patients with TBI.
Self‐Determination and Community Inclusion: Exploring Policy Reform in Day Services for Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Maxwell Nicola 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAdult day services are central to service provision for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in Ireland. Policy reform, in the guise of New Directions, has sought to address the segregated and institutionalized nature of these specialist services. New Directions aims to reorient services toward providing supports to enable users to make self‐directed choices and decisions and to be included in their communities, reflecting the values of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). Yet, segregated day service provision is increasing and people with IDD continue to be structurally excluded from other opportunities and to have their choices circumscribed. This paper focuses on the interview narratives of staff employed in a day service in Ireland. It explores the disjuncture between, on the one hand, New Directions policy descriptions of day services as supports for self‐determination and community inclusion and, on the other, the actualities of day service provision. The findings show that New Directions is understood as a means of providing individualized supports to make choices in inclusive mainstream settings but is not perceived as a clearly articulated policy. The research illustrates that the conditions and opportunities to support self‐determination and community inclusion are lacking within day services and several challenges inhibit the aspirations of New Directions. The study recommends that the Irish state meets its human rights obligations to ensure that rights to self‐determination and community inclusion for people with IDD are upheld. This requires critical excavation of current service provision and targeted policy resources to ensure that the fundamental rights of people with IDD are upheld.
Upstream Approaches for Suicide Prevention Using Search‐Based Advertising: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ono Satoshi , Sueki Hajime , Nakahara Tai , Takahashi Asumi , Koda Akiko , Sakai Akito , Saito Maiko , Ito Jiro 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study aims to describe the pilot operation of upstream approaches for suicide prevention using search‐based advertising. Outreach was conducted to Internet users who searched for keywords related to the six life issues with risk factors for suicide (perinatal women, domestic violence, addiction, depression, sexual minorities, and child abuse). Search‐based advertisements were displayed 1,481,025 times and clicked on 62,884 times (click rate: 4.25%). Since the mental health status of those in the five areas of life issues, except for addiction, was considered serious, outreach using search‐based advertising could expedite effective support information to those with serious mental health conditions. In the addiction area, outreach to those with gambling and alcohol addiction was considered effective, but effective outreach to those with drug addiction was found to be difficult within the framework of this study. In conclusion, this study shows that upstream approaches for suicide prevention using search‐based advertising can reach Internet users with specific life issues and deteriorating mental health.
Prevalence and incidence of periodic limb movements during sleep in São Paulo, Brazil: results from the EPISONO cohort
Authors: Cavalcante‐Silva Vanessa , Morelhão Priscila Kalil , de Pires Gabriel Natan , Tempaku Priscila Farias , D'Almeida Vânia , Tufik Sergio , Andersen Monica L. 
Published: February 2025

SummaryPeriodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) are characterised by repetitive and involuntary movements of the limbs during sleep. When these movements exceed 15 events/h, they are considered clinically significant and can disrupt sleep quality and contribute to various health risks. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, incidence, and remission of PLMS in a representative sample from São Paulo, Brazil. Data from the 2007 (and its 2015 follow‐up) and 2018 editions of the São Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study (EPISONO) study were used. PLMS prevalence rates were determined for 2007 and 2018, while incidence and remission rates were evaluated between 2007 and 2015. In 2007, the prevalence of PLMS was 9.02% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.28–10.76%), which increased to 15.60% (95% CI 13.04–18.17%) by 2018. The incidence of new PLMS cases from 2007 to 2015 was 6.54% (95% CI 4.60–8.4%), with a remission rate of 50.82% (95% CI 38.27–63.37%). Ageing significantly influenced the increase in both the prevalence and severity of PLMS over time. Individuals with African ancestry had lower odds of PLMS compared to those of Caucasian ancestry (odds ratio 0.25, 95% CI 0.10–0.60; p = 0.002). Our study revealed that the prevalence of PLMS in São Paulo, a city with a racially mixed population, was significantly lower than in population samples with Caucasian ancestry. The observed increase in PLMS prevalence over a decade was potentially linked to population ageing and lifestyle changes. These findings highlight the importance of ongoing research into the long‐term health implications of PLMS and its role in sleep disorders.