bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic Rhodium(III) Polypyridyl Complexes Containing the Tris(pyrazolyl)methane Coligand: Synthesis, DNA Binding Properties and Structure–Activity Relationships
Authors: Bieda Ruth , Ott Ingo , Gust Ronald , Sheldrick William S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe RhIII complexes of the type [RhCl(pp)(tpm)]2+ [pp = bpy, bpm, phen, tap, dpq, dppz] 4–9 have been prepared by stepwise treatment of RhCl3·3H2O or mer,cis‐[RhCl3(DMSO‐κS)2(DMSO‐κO)] with the appropriate polypyridyl ligand (pp) followed by the tripodal ligand tris(pyrazolyl)methane (tpm). Intermediates of the type [RhCl3(CH3OH)(pp)] 1–3 with pp = bpy, phen, dpq were also characterized but exhibit either low (3) or no (1, 2) cytotoxicity. X‐ray structural analyses of [RhCl(bpy)(tpm)][PF6]2 4 and [RhCl(phen)(tpm)][PF6]2 6 were performed, and the interaction of complexes 4–9 with DNA was investigated by CD and UV/Vis spectroscopy and by gel electrophoresis. CD and viscosity studies confirm strong intercalation of dppz complex 9 into DNA. Complexes 8 and particularly 9 (IC50 = 0.43, 0.37 μM) are potent cytotoxic agents towards the human cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and HT‐29, whereas respectively little (complex 6) or no activity (complexes 4, 5, 7) is observed for the other members of the series. Our findings indicate that the cytotoxicity is dependent on the hydrophobicity of both the polypyridyl and the facial coligand in these and other half‐sandwich RhIII complexes. Irradiation of bpy compound 4 in the presence of plasmid pBR322 for 30 min at 311 nm at a molar ratio of r = 0.1 leads to total conversion of the supercoiled form into the nicked version. Although dppz complex 9 also functions as a photonuclease under these conditions, the degree of cleavage is much lower. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Conformational Effects on Long‐Range Electron Transfer: Comparison of Oligo‐p‐phenylene and Oligo‐p‐xylene Bridges
Authors: Hanss David , Wenger Oliver S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPhototriggered intramolecular electron transfer across variable‐length oligo‐p‐phenylene and oligo‐p‐xylene bridges was investigated in seven molecules. For both types of bridges, charge transfer rates decrease exponentially with increasing number of spacer units. The distance decay parameter is 0.21 Å–1 for the phenylenes and 0.77 Å–1 for the xylenes. A simple analysis based on superexchange theory indicates that this difference is due to unequal electronic coupling between adjacent bridging units. On the basis of the experimental data, phenyl‐phenyl coupling is found to be roughly 7 times stronger than xylyl‐xylyl coupling. This difference in electronic coupling strengths can be explained satisfactorily on the sole basis of conformational effects. It is consistent with equilibrium torsion angles of 35–40° between two phenyls and 65–70° between two xylyls.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Voltammetric Detection of Lead(II) Using Amide‐Cyclam‐ Functionalized Silica‐Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes
Authors: Goubert‐Renaudin Stéphanie , Moreau Mathieu , Despas Christelle , Meyer Michel , Denat Franck , Lebeau Bénédicte , Walcarius Alain 
Published: July 2009

Abstract2‐(4,8,11‐Triscarbamoylmethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradec‐1‐yl)acetamide (TETAM) derivatives bearing 1, 2, or 4 silylated arms have been synthesized and grafted to the surface of silica gel and ordered mesoporous silica samples. The resulting organic‐inorganic hybrids have been incorporated into carbon paste electrodes and applied to the preconcentration electroanalysis of Pb(II). The attractive recognition properties of these cyclam derivatives functionalized with amide pendent groups toward Pb(II) species and the highly porous structure of the adsorbents can be exploited for the selective and sensitive detection of the target analyte. Various parameters affecting the preconcentration and detection steps have been discussed with respect to the composition and pH of both accumulation and detection media, the nature of the adsorbent (number of silylated groups linking the macrocycle to silica, texture of materials), the accumulation time, and the presence of interfering cations. Under optimal conditions and for 2 min accumulation at open‐circuit, the voltammetric response increased linearly with the Pb(II) concentration in a range extending from 2×10−7 to 10−5 M, while a longer accumulation time of 15 min afforded a linear calibration curve between 10−8 and 10−7 M with a detection limit of 2.7×10−9 M which is well below the European regulatory limit of lead in consumption water.
Temperature dependence of thermal induced mesocracks around limestone aggregate in normal concrete
Authors: Xuan D. X. , Shui Z. H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper presents the results of thermal expansion measurements of mortar and limestone aggregate and thermal induced mesocracks around limestone aggregate in normal concrete exposed to high temperature, up to 800°C. The former was measured by a fused silica Workhorse Dilatometer. The later was observed by the viewfinder of Polarizing Optical Microscope. The results showed that the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between mortar and limestone exhibited the temperature dependence. Thermal induced tensile stress around limestone aggregate first took place, following the hydrostatic compression under higher temperature. During the whole heating process, the tangential, radical and linkage mesocracks in concrete gradually initiated and propagated for the response of thermal induced stress around limestone aggregate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evolutionary optimization of diffuser shapes based on CFD simulations
Authors: Ghosh S. , Pratihar D. K. , Maiti B. , Das P. K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn efficient and robust algorithm is presented for the optimum design of plane symmetric diffusers handling incompressible turbulent flow. The indigenously developed algorithm uses the CFD software: Fluent for the hydrodynamic analysis and employs a genetic algorithm (GA) for optimization. For a prescribed inlet velocity and outlet pressure, pressure recovery coefficientC(the objective function) is estimated computationally for various design options. The CFD software and the GA have been combined in a monolithic platform for a fully automated operation using some special control commands. Based on the developed algorithm, an extensive exercise has been made to optimize the diffuser shape. Different methodologies have been adopted to create a large number of design options. Interestingly, not much difference has been noted in the optimumCvalues obtained through different approaches. However, in all the approaches, a better design has been obtained through a proper selection of the number of design variables. Finally, the effect of diffuser length on the optimum shape has also been studied. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic Water Uptake of Flexible Ion‐Containing Polymer Networks
Authors: Mangiagli P. M. , Ewing C. S. , Xu K. , Wang Q. , Hickner M. A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDynamic gravimetric water sorption and desorption was measured while incrementing the relative humidity of the sample environment for a variety of ion‐containing polymers. The sorption and desorption experiments as a function of time were performed from 20 to 95% relative humidity and temperatures from 30 to 70 °C. The water uptake characteristics of the membranes were observed to depend on the flexibility of the polymer backbone, the ion exchange capacity of the membrane, and in the case of triblock copolymers, the molecular weight of the sulphonated block. Additionally, the water uptake tended to occur more slowly at high relative humidity where the enthalpy of solvation is low due to already well‐hydrated ions in the membrane. At low relative humidity, the water sorption occurred quickly due to the high enthalpy of solvation at low λ, but the polymer matrix constrained the magnitude of the total water swelling. A unique physical crosslinking effect was observed for triblock copolymers where less swelling of the network occurred at high temperatures than at low temperatures. This deswelling phenomenon with increased temperature was not observed for Nafion, which behaved like a classic elastic solid and swelled to a greater extent with increased temperature.
The U.S. DOEs High Temperature Membrane Effort
Authors: Epping Martin K. , Kopasz J. P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is sponsoring research and development (R&D) efforts emphasising fuel cell membrane materials that can operate at temperatures up to 120 °C with no inlet humidification and at total pressures of <2.5 atm. Several different strategies are being investigated and will be discussed. Recent results have demonstrated improved conductivity at lower relative humidity (RH) compared to standard perfluorosulphonic acid membranes. At 120 °C, conductivity approaching 0.1 S cm–1 has been achieved at 50% RH, an improvement over Nafion 112 by more than a factor of three. Detailed results of DOE sponsored research will be discussed, as well as incorporation of membranes into membrane electrode assemblies. Finally, the impact of the different strategies on durability will be discussed.
Toxicologic implications of cutaneous barriers: a molecular, cellular, and anatomical overview
Authors: Karan Abraar , Alikhan Ali , Maibach Howard I. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe skin barrier is a complex system of chemical, biological and physical processes that together regulate the admission and expulsion of foreign agents in contact with the skin. The eggresive movement of the stratum corneum (SC) is often a measure of its integrity, and transepidermal water loss has typically been a gold standard. However, the skin barrier has several barrier systems, such as ion flux, O2, CO2 and pH, which can give an informative and sometimes more sensitive measure of the SC condition. Furthermore, the penetrative interactions with the barrier have focused around occlusive methods to promote drug delivery, the interactions of topically applied drugs with the barrier and the presence of environmental agents that can harm the barrier. However, the nature of penetrative barrier interactions must also be elucidated on a microscopic level. The variable nature of barrier function is demonstrated when comparing the skin properties of neonates and adults. In addition, new biochemical methods have used keratin metrics to improve diagnostic efficacy and barrier integrity analysis. This review addresses the aforementioned aspects of the skin barriers that require further study to help discern the complexity of this essential organ as it relates to dermatotoxicology and dermatopharmacology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPLC analysis of HEMA released from two different adhesive systems
Authors: Altintas Subutay Han , Usumez Aslihan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro elution of 2‐Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) from two different adhesive systems, used in two dual polymerized resin cements for bonding of ceramic restoration by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methods: Twenty freshly extracted caries and restoration free molar teeth used in this study. Standardized Class I preparations were prepared in all teeth. A lithium disilicate based (IPS Empress Esthetic; Ivoclar) ceramic inlays were cemented with one of the dual polymerized resin cements (RelyX ARC; 3M ESPE or Nexus 2; Kerr) that have two different adhesive systems (Single Bond; 3M ESPE, Optibond Solo Plus; Kerr). After cementation, specimens were stored in 75% ethanol solution. HPLC was used to analyze the amount of HEMA in the solution (after 10 min, 1 h, 24 h, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days). Two‐way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD tests were used to evaluate the results (p < 0.05). Results: There were statistically significant differences between adhesive systems according to the amount of released HEMA (p < 0.01) and also among time periods (p < 0.01). The amount of HEMA eluted from Optibond Solo Plus was significantly higher than Single Bond. The total amount of monomers was the highest after 21 days (p < 0.01). Conclusions: In the case of adhesive systems, Optibond Solo Plus showed the highest amount of HEMA. The amount of HEMA eluted from adhesive systems influenced by the time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Two‐solution bone cements with cross‐linked micro and nano‐particles for vertebral fracture applications: Effects of zirconium dioxide content on the material and setting properties
Authors: Rodrigues Danieli C. , Gilbert Jeremy L. , Hasenwinkel Julie M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe application of bone cements for the treatment of vertebral compression fracture requires radiopaque materials for adequate visualization of the flow under fluoroscopy. Besides high radiopacity, it is desirable for the cement to have relatively low viscosity, high compressive strength and appropriate curing parameters. In this study, the properties of novel two‐solution bone cements composed of cross‐linked poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA microspheres or nanospheres added to the linear polymer phase were assessed for formulations with increasing concentrations of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2). The addition of a cross‐linked phase in the standard two‐solution formulation (TSBC) was observed to improve the material properties by increasing setting time and decreasing maximum polymerization temperatures and decreasing the initial viscosity in comparison to the standard cement. The properties of three formulations (TSBC, modified two‐solution containing cross‐linked PMMA microspheres, and nanospheres) were measured for cements prepared at 0%, 5%, 20%, and 30% ZrO2 and compared to KyphX. Cements prepared with cross‐linked particles exhibited significantly higher compressive strength than the standard‐two solution cement and KyphX at increasing radiopacifier concentrations. Furthermore, cement viscosity was increased by the addition of increasing concentrations of ZrO2 in the modified two‐solution cements, whereas the maximum polymerization exotherm and setting time of these materials were decreased. This study indicates that the addition of high concentrations of ZrO2 significantly affects the properties of two‐solution cements acting as a reinforcing phase when cross‐linked spheres are added. These materials were observed to be suitable for vertebroplasty applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Experimental evaluation of a bovine pericardium‐derived collagen matrix buttress in ileocolic and colon anastomoses
Authors: Gaertner Wolfgang B. , Hagerman Gonzalo F. , Potter Michael J. , Karulf Richard E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground: Anastomotic leakage is a major complication of colorectal surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare stapled ileocolic and colon‐colon anastomoses with or without a collagen buttress derived from bovine pericardium in the immediate postoperative period. Methods: Various stapling devices were used to create ileocolic and colon‐colon anastomoses in a canine model. Ileocolic anastomoses were created by simulating two different techniques: “open” and “laparoscopic”. Colon‐colon anastomoses were created by using a double‐stapled technique. A total of 27 colon anastomoses (13 left colon‐colon, 8 right “laparoscopic”, and 6 right “open”) were created. Anastomoses buttressed with bovine pericardium (n = 15) were compared to anastomoses without any reinforcement (n = 12). Staple lines were evaluated 4 hours after operation. Evaluation included bursting pressure and bursting location. Results: No stapler device malfunction occurred. Excision rings were complete in all colon‐colon anastomoses. All non‐buttressed anastomoses burst at the staple line, whereas with buttressed anastomoses the adjacent intestine burst (p = 0.0001). The intestinal bursting pressure of bowel segments with buttressed staple lines (mean, 362 mmHg) was significantly higher than the bursting pressure of non‐buttressed staple lines (mean, 204 mmHg, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The use of a collagen matrix buttress derived from bovine pericardium in stapled ileocolic and colon‐colon anastomoses was safe. Buttressed anastomoses showed greater bursting strength as compared to non‐buttressed anastomoses in the immediate postoperative period in a canine model. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Enterprise risk management and the healthcare risk manager
Authors: Berkowitz Sandra L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe healthcare industry is dynamic and the industry changes require new tools to manage the risks generated by new core competencies. Silo‐centric practice is giving way to integration in the healthcare organization and in the discipline of risk management. Whether insurable or not, risk threatens the bottom line and business success. Enterprise Risk Management provides the tools for imbedding the discussion of Risk into the way an organization does business. Two tools described here are a Showstopper Risks List and a Risk and Response Map. The risk manager who adds value to the organization by aligning risk management strategies in support of business success will not only survive, but thrive in a constantly changing environment.
Collaborating to manage vendor interactions and protect quality of care in the OR
Authors: Gutman Mary E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA culture that provides for safe patient environments demands that health care risk managers address all barriers to safe care, sometimes in extraordinary ways. For example, the operating room is one environment that has gained attention with policies on performing “time outs” before beginning a case and strong emphasis on correct site, correct patient and correct procedure surgery. However, a common hospital practice that has been generally accepted is to invite, allow and encourage sales representatives, or vendors, into the operating room to help surgeons use new equipment or devices. This article will describe how risk managers — partnering with their facility's sourcing and materials management departments — were able to influence a network‐wide shift in vendor interactions in the operating room to create safer places for patient care.
Managing corporate governance risks in a nonprofit health care organization
Authors: Troyer Glenn T. , Brashear Andrea D. , Green Kelly J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTriggered by corporate scandals, there is increased oversight by governmental bodies and in part by the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002. Corporations are developing corporate governance compliance initiatives to respond to the scrutiny of regulators, legislators, the general public and constituency groups such as investors. Due to state attorney general initiatives, new legislation and heightened oversight from the Internal Revenue Service, nonprofit entities are starting to share the media spotlight with their for‐profit counterparts. These developments are changing nonprofit health care organizations as well as the traditional role of the risk manager. No longer is the risk manager focused solely on patients' welfare and safe passage through a complex delivery system. The risk manager must be aware of corporate practices within the organization that could allow the personal objectives of a few individuals to override the greater good of the community in which the nonprofit organization serves.
Shift report: Improving a complex process to enhance patient safety
Authors: Burrell Maripat 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article focuses on the shift change process, which is a time for communication of critical patient information. It identifies the multitude of variables that can interfere with that communication process and introduce the potential for error to occur. Human factors include the variability of staff, variability of processes, fatigue, environmental factors and the complexity of systems. The article also discusses methods to improve current processes with the intent to prevent error and improve patient outcomes.
Analysis of ASHRM membership survey on healthcare captives
Authors: Popp Pamela L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article explores the emergence of captives as a vehicle for managing healthcare risks. In 2006, the American Society for Healthcare Risk Management (ASHRM) surveyed a segment of its membership with experience and interest in alternative risk financing about the role of healthcare captives. This article summarizes the findings and generally assesses the responses for opportunities to educate risk managers more fully on the role captives can play in managing risks.
Criminalization of medical errors: When is a mistake more than just a mistake¿
Authors: West John C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article will review widely publicized cases involving healthcare providers against whom criminal charges have been brought, just at the moment that the idea of medical error disclosure is getting traction. This article will attempt to find similarities or patterns and propose that some level of control can be exercised over these matters. This article will address approaches to the issue that risk managers can take to prepare for possible cases, and ways that cases can be managed once charges have been filed. The author concludes that errors should be treated as what they are — errors, not criminal acts.
Engaging ‘levers’ to guage success
Authors: Smith Paul English 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn 2007, as part of its annual strategic planning process, the ASHRM board was fortunate to have the assistance of Rick Foster, an internationally known management consultant and author. Those of you who have participated in the AHA's Patient Safety Leadership Fellowship program have had the opportunity to work with Rick as he showed you what your Myers Briggs personality assessment results really mean, and how to understand different behavioral tendencies predicted by those assessments.
Using web‐based simulation learning to deal with shoulder dystocia
Authors: Hoppes Michelle , Lerner Henry 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSimulation‐based learning can provide education and training to individuals in a variety of industries. The military, aviation and nuclear power industries have seen demonstrable improvement in critical event handling through the use of this type of learning when coupled with crew resource management techniques. Simulation training is also emerging in the healthcare field as an effective patient safety and risk management tool. In the area of obstetrics, healthcare risk managers can have an impact on injury and claim reduction rates related to shoulder dystocia by advocating for and implementing simulation training for obstetrical providers. This article will describe a shoulder dystocia simulation training program that uses a high‐fidelity mannequin, and illustrate the impact that the healthcare risk manager can have in reducing injuries due to shoulder dystocia.
When systems fail: Improving care through technology can create risk
Authors: Bagalio Sharon A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEmerging medical technology is transforming the care of the modern‐day patient. Hospital performance and patient safety is improving, lowering professional liability and medical malpractice costs. This advanced technology affects not only diagnosis and treatment but also hospital productivity and revenue. However, it also exposes hospitals and medical personnel to a number of unforeseeable risks. This article examines ongoing efforts to improve patient safety through the use of technology, automation and complex systems operations. It discusses the importance of skilled negotiation when vying for technology contracts and the value of maintaining a reliable data center to support it. Technology risk exposure is now a reality. A hospital needs to know how to protect itself from cyber liability, business interruption, and data loss and theft by ensuring that there is adequate coverage.