bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE FRESHWATER DIATOM CYMBELLA CURSIFORMIS NOM. NOV.1,2
Authors: Hufford Terry L. , Collins Gary B. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe morphology, ecology, and taxonomy of a pennate diatom, Cymbella cursiformis nom, nov. (family Cymbellaceae), from Cedar Bog, Champaign County, Ohio, originally described from Tasmania by Hustedt as Cymbella cistula var. gracilis, are reported. Photographs of specimens on Hustedt's type, slide, are indistinguishable from Cedar Bog specimens. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy reveal that, this taxon cannot be considered a variety of Cymbella cistula (Ehr.) Kirchn.; therefore it has been raised to specific rank.
A Polymorphism in GABRA2 Is Associated With the Medial Frontal Response to Alcohol Cues in an fMRI Study
Authors: Kareken David A. , Liang Tiebing , Wetherill Leah , Dzemidzic Mario , Bragulat Veronique , Cox Cari , Talavage Thomas , O’Connor Sean J. , Foroud Tatiana 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Significant evidence has accumulated to suggest an association between single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GABRA2 gene and alcoholism. However, research has yet to show an association between these polymorphisms and the human brain’s reward system function. In this study, we stratified subjects who had participated in an fMRI study of alcohol cue responses according to their genotype at a SNP in GABRA2 (rs279871) shown to be associated with alcohol dependence (Edenberg et al., 2004).Methods:  Genotyping showed 13 subjects to be homozygous for the high‐risk allele (AA), and 23 subjects to be heterozygous (AG). In fMRI, subjects were exposed to the aromas of their preferred alcoholic drink odors (AO), as well as to appetitive control odors (ApCO) under both alcohol intoxication and placebo control conditions.Results:  Homozygous AA subjects had a larger [AO > ApCO] response than did AG subjects in medial frontal cortical areas thought to code reward value. However, AG subjects had a larger [AO > ApCO] effect in the ventral tegmental area. Alcohol intoxication did not alter these group differences.Conclusions:  These are the first data to suggest that GABRA2 genotype could affect the brain’s responses to cues associated with alcohol.
Quantification of human platelet antigen‐1a antibodies with the monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens procedure
Authors: Bertrand Gérald , Jallu Vincent , Gouet Maxime , Kjaer Killie Mette , Lambin Patrick , Husebekk Anne , Kaplan Cécile 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: Fetal‐neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia results from a maternal alloimmunization against fetal platelet (PLT) antigens. In Caucasian persons, human PLT antigen‐1a (HPA‐1a) is the most frequently implicated antigen. Our aim was to develop a method supported by a mathematical approach to quantify HPA‐1a antibodies.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The monoclonal antibody immobilization of PLT antigens (MAIPA) protocol was applied on serial dilutions of a serum with high concentration of HPA‐1a antibodies used as reference. Two mathematical procedures were used: the standard curve was constructed with a linear and a logistic regression. These regressions were used to calculate the amount of antibody in 14 test serum samples from mothers with detectable anti‐HPA‐1a.RESULTS: Similar quantifications were obtained with both mathematical procedures. In 11 serum samples, the results, expressed in arbitrary units (AU), ranged from 62 ± 4 to 1096 ± 19 with the linear regression and from 62 ± 4 to 1117 ± 38 with the logistic regression. In addition, the linear regression allowed us to measure 3 test serum samples with low antibody concentrations from 4 ± 2 to 44 ± 3 AU, whereas the logistic regression was not suitable for the quantification of antibodies in these serum samples.CONCLUSION: A simple quantification method was developed for anti‐HPA‐1a, based on the MAIPA procedure, allowing further studies concerning correlations between anti‐HPA‐1a quantification and clinical relevance.
Possible involvement of heparin‐binding protein in transfusion‐related acute lung injury
Authors: Yasui Kazuta , Furuta Rika A. , Matsuyama Nobuki , Fukumori Yasuo , Kimura Takafumi , Tani Yoshihiko , Shibata Hirotoshi , Hirayama Fumiya 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: In antibody‐mediated nonhemolytic transfusion reactions, transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) tends to occur typically within 2 hours after a blood transfusion. White cell antibodies or immune complexes have been frequently shown to be associated with the syndrome, although the mechanisms by which they induce TRALI are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize soluble mediators that are released from cells at an early stage after immune stimulation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To explore the mechanism of TRALI, an in vitro whole‐blood cell culture assay was established in which cells were stimulated by human antibodies and the activation of neutrophils was monitored by a cell surface marker (Mac‐1) with flow cytometry and by measurement of the release of soluble factors, including perforin, interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and heparin‐binding protein (HBP) with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. In addition, the involvement of two neutrophil FcγRs (FcγRIIIb and FcγRIIa, also known as CD16 and CD32, respectively) was examined during antibody‐induced cell activation with anti‐FcγR blocking antibodies.RESULTS: Substantial amounts of HBP were released within 30 minutes of stimulation by human antibodies, although other soluble mediators were not released within the same period. Furthermore, the release of HBP was mediated via signals through both FcγRIIIb and FcγRIIa.CONCLUSION: HBP appears to be one of the primary effector molecules of antibody‐mediated nonhemolytic transfusion reactions including TRALI.
A stage classification for prognosis in adult acute myelogenous leukaemia based upon patients' age, bone marrow karyotype and clinical features
Authors: Bernard Philippe , Reiffers Josy , Lacombe Francis , Dachary Dominique , Boisseau Michel R. , Broustet Antoine 
Published: August 2010

In 71 adult acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) cases, the relationship between well‐known prognostic features and complete remission (CR) rate and survival was studied. These features were: (i) bone marrow karyotype classified NN, AN, AA according to Sakurai & Sandberg (5); (ii) patients' age; (iii) clinical ‘negative prognostic features' (NPF): previous history of preleukaemia, septicaemia or pneumonia, hyperleucocytosis, associated pathology (diabetes, obesity, renal insufficiency etc.). 59 years of age was found to be a frontier between 2 homogenous groups having quite different prognosis. The NN/AN/AA classification had good prognostic value (CR rate and survival) in patients under 59 years, but not in older patients. In those patients over 59, a significant difference in CR rate and survival appeared between cases with NPF and those without.For each feature having an established relationship to survival, a panel of prognostic points was determined as follows: age over 59 (1 point), AA karyotype in patients under 59 (2 points), NPF in patients over 59 (1 point). Using this stage classification, it was possible to classify every case into 1 of 3 groups (i.e.: 0 points, 1 point, 2 points). The life‐table analysis of these 3 groups showed very significant differences. The median survival times were 18.5 months, 5.2 months and 1.3 month, for the 0‐point group (26 cases), the 1‐point group (19 cases) and the 2‐point group (26 cases), respectively.
T‐cell subsets in malignant lymphomas and monoclonal gammopathies
Authors: Bergmann Lothar , Mitrou Paris S. , Kelker Wolfgang , Weber Kai C. 
Published: August 2010

159 patients with malignant lymphomas or monoclonal gammopathies were investigated for lymphocytes and their subsets using conventional surface markers and a panel of monoclonal antibodies. In untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease, non‐Hodgkin lymphomas and multiple myeloma, (MM) a reduction of T‐cells and especially of the “helper/inducer” subset (OKT4+) was found to be a common phenomenon. The major abnormalities occurred in advanced stages of disease. Patients previously treated by chemo‐ and/or radiotherapy had a further decrease of T‐cells, whereas the loss of OKT4+ cells was more pronounced than that of the “suppressor/cytotoxic” lymphocytes (OKT8+).The alterations of lymphocyte subsets persisted even in long‐term remitters. Comparing the lymphocyte subsets in MM and benign monoclonal gammopathies (BMG), patients with BMG showed a significant reduction in OKT8+ cells, whereas the OKT4+ population was within normal range, resulting in a significant elevation of the OKT4/OKT8‐ratio compared to the controls and untreated multiple myeloma.
Mechanistic study of endogenous skin lesions in diabetic rats
Authors: Chen Xiang‐fang , Lin Wei‐dong , Lu Shu‐liang , Xie Ting , Ge Kui , Shi Yong‐quan , Zou Jun‐jie , Liu Zhi‐min , Liao Wan‐qing 
Published: August 2010

Please cite this paper as: Mechanistic study of endogenous skin lesions in diabetic rats. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 1088–1095.Abstract:  Pathological and physiological changes in dermal tissue in a rat model of diabetes mellitus (DM) were investigated. Sixteen male 8‐week‐old Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into two groups of eight, the DM group (Group DM) and the normal control group (Group (NC) normal control). Group DM rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally at a dose of 65 mg/kg body weight. Group NC rats were injected with the same volume of citric acid buffer. All rats were sacrificed 12 weeks later. The impact of exposure to (AGE) advanced glycation end products‐modified human serum albumin (AGE‐HSA) on epidermal cells and ECV304 cells was evaluated in cell culture experiments. The diabetic rats exhibited changes in skin tissue, including a decrease in thickness, disappearance of the multilayer epithelium structure, degeneration of collagen fibres and an increase in the infiltration of inflammatory cells, in addition to a significant increase in skin glucose and AGEs. Moreover, diabetic rats had increased plasma glycosylated protein (GSP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased plasma glutathione (GSH). The percentage of epidermal cells in S phase was similar between the two group rats; however, there was a marked decrease in the G2/M phase in Group DM. Additionally, exposure of ECV304 cells to AGE‐HSA led to a time‐dependent and dose‐dependent increase in apoptosis. Therefore, the high glucose in the skin tissue, coupled with the accumulation of toxic substances such as AGEs, promote the dysfunction of dermal cells and/or the matrix. This may be a significant mechanism of diabetes‐induced early‐stage endogenous skin damage.
Analysis of cultivable Porphyromonas gingivalis with trypsin‐like protease enzyme activity and serum antibodies in chronic adult periodontitis
Authors: Smith AJ , Wade WG , Greenman J , Addy M 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: Trypsin‐like protease (TLPase) enzyme produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis has been implicated as a virulence factor in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between cultivable P. gingivalis, TLPase enzyme activity (BANA hydrolysis) and serum antibody levels against cell sonicate and a purified TLPase antigen from P. gingivalis W50.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sub‐gingival plaque samples were cultured for levels of P. gingivalis together with a chairside analysis of TLPase enzyme activity (Perioscan) from periodontitis and gingivitis sites of adult periodontitis patients. A TLPase from P. gingivalis was purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatogra‐phy from the vesicle fraction for use as a test antigen. RESULTS: Elevated levels of P. gingivalis were found at periodontitis sites, however, there was no correlation with sub‐gingival plaque TLPase enzyme activity. Adult periodontitis patients had higher levels of IgG and IgA against cell sonicate and TLPase antigens than did controls. Those patients who were P. gingivalis culture‐positive demonstrated an elevated immune response against both cell sonicate and TLPase when compared to P. gingivalis culture‐negative patients. Treatment resulted in an improvement of clinical indices and no cultivable P. gingivalis could be recovered from the treated sites and there was a concomitant decrease in IgG levels against the TLPase. There was no significant difference in BANA hydrolysis at gingivitis sites or periodontitis sites after treatment.CONCLUSIONS Further longitudinal studies are suggested to investigate the role of the TLPase in the response to treatment of chronic adult periodontitis patients.
Cytokines and cell signalling in the periodontium
Authors: Hughes FJ 
Published: August 2010

A large number of potential regulatory mechanisms have been described which may be involved in the control of cell function in the periodontium. In this review, soluble effector molecules which may regulate normal cell turnover and which may control the maintenance of the per‐iodontal space are considered. There is evidence for the involvement of growth factors including EGF, PDGF, FGFs, IGF I & II and TGFβ in these processes. The role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in periodontal turnover is of considerable interest as they appear to be able to regulate all stages of this process from specifying cell commitment to regulating differentiated cell function.Empirical evidence suggests the importance of mechanical stimulation in controlling the maintenance of the periodontal ligament space. The wide range of effects of mechanical stimulation are briefly reviewed and the central role of prostaglandins is considered. Recent evidence suggests the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of mineralised tissue function, and the potential role of NO in maintenance of the ligament space is considered. Further studies are required which address the interactions between all of these mechanisms in order to determine the key factors which may control periodontal cell function. For the future an understanding of these interactions has the potential to lead to important clinical developments in periodontal and orthodontic therapy.
Human gingival keratinocytes express E‐selectin (CD62E)
Authors: Pietrzak ER , Savage NW , Walsh LJ 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: E‐selectin (CD62E) is an adhesion molecule that participates in the binding of leukocytes to activated blood vascular endothelium. The present study was undertaken to characterise the pattern of E‐selectin expression on epithelial cells of the gingival crevice and oral epithelium.METHODS: A panel of six anti‐E‐selectin monoclonal antibodies was reacted with cryosections of human gin‐giva and cytospins of cultured gingival keratinocytes.RESULTS Three antibodies raised against leukocyte binding epitopes of the molecule (H4/18, HI8/7, I.2B6) were reactive with gingival keratinocytes, three were negative (4DI0, BBAl, BBA2), while all six reacted with endothelial cells. Staining with H18/7 and 1.2B6 was weaker and more variable than with H4/18. In cell culture, levels of E‐selectin expression reduced slowly, and were only modestly increased by treatment with exogenous TNFα, a known inducer of E‐selectin on endothelium.CONCLUSIONS: E‐selectin epitopes are expressed on gingival keratinocytes. These binding epitopes may be involved in the traffic of leukocytes in this tissue compartment.
Diagnostic strategies of periodontitis based on the molecular mechanisms of periodontal tissue destruction
Authors: Okada H , Murakami S , Kitamura M , Nozaki T , Kusumoto Y , Hirano H , Shimauchi H , Shimabukuro Y , Saho T 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: Periodontitis is a disease showing differences in disease progression between patients and between sites within a patient. Routine clinical examinations today are not useful enough to distinguish susceptible patients and active lesions from resistant patients and chronic lesions. Diagnostic markers should be pathogenic and inflammatory factors participating in periodontal tissue destruction. These are both local and systemic factors.MATERIALS AND METHODS: First of all, pathogenic factors and proinflammatory cytokines or mediators in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were examined and the difference was found between active and inactive periodontitis lesions distinguished by attachment loss. Active lesions were detected by discriminant‐function analysis of these examinations, although the sensitivity of differential diagnosis was low. Then, we established a novel needle biopsy for understanding the pathophysiological conditions elicited in active and chronic inflammatory processes of periodontal tissue destruction. A variety of cytokines and mediators were detected in biopsied specimens by reversed transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT‐PCR). Cytokine profiles were varied in inflamed periodontal biopsies. As IFNy mRNA expression was enhanced in inflamed gingiva, antigen‐presenting‐cell (APC) functions of human gingival fibro‐blasts (HGF) were examined.RESULTS: Despite the phenotypical resemb!ance of IFNγ‐treated HGF to so‐called APC, HLA‐DR positive HGF could not induce proliferation but suppressed proliferation of alloreactive peripheral blood T cells (PBT). However, HLA‐DR positive HGF stimulated the prolifer‐ative responses of PBT which had been primed with allo‐APC. Regulatory immune responses by IFNγ were different in T cell conditions.CONCLUSIONS Various kinds of cytokines participated in periodontal inflammation, and every cytokine is multifunctional. Complex and compound inflammatory processes can be clarified by examining cytokine networks and the precise effects of each cytokine on each of the cell types comprising periodontal tissue. It is, therefore, necessary for establishing diagnostic strategies to integrate pathogenic and inflammatory factors in periodontal tissue destruction.
Dietary factors in oral leukoplakia and submucous fibrosis in a population‐based case control study in Gujarat, India
Authors: Gupta PC , Hebert JR , Bhonsle RB , Sinor PN , Mehta H , Mehta FS 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship of specific nutrients and food items with oral precancerous lesions among tobacco users.DESIGN: A population‐based case‐control study. SETTING: Villages in Palitana taluk of Bhavnagar district, Gujarat, India.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: An interviewer‐administered food frequency questionnaire, developed and validated for this population, was used to estimate nutrient intake in blinded, house‐to‐house interviews. Among 5018 male tobacco users, 318 were diagnosed as cases. An equal number of controls matched on age (±5 years), sex, village, and use of tobacco were selected.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratios (OR) from multiple logistic regression analysis controlling for relevant variables (type of tobacco use and economic status).RESULTS: A protective effect of fibre was observed for both oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and leukoplakia, with 10% reduction in risk per g day‐1 (P < 0.05). Ascorbic acid appeared to be protective against leukoplakia with the halving of risk in the two highest quartiles of intake (versus the lowest quartile: OR = 0.46 and 0.44, respectively; P < 0.10). A protective effect of tomato consumption was observed in leukoplakia and a suggestion of a protective effect of wheat in OSF.CONCLUSION: In addition to tobacco use, intake of specific nutrients may have a role in the development of oral precancerous lesions.
Topical corticosteroids in association with miconazole and chlorhexidine in the long‐term management of atrophic‐erosive oral lichen planus: a placebo‐controlled and comparative study between clobetasol and fluocinonide
Authors: Carbone M. , Conrotto D. , Carrozzo M. , Broccoletti R. , Gandolfo S. , Scully C. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a combination of topical corticosteroids with topical antimycotic drugs in the therapy of atrophic‐erosive forms of oral lichen planus (OLP).PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 60 patients with OLP subdivided into three groups matched for sex and age. The first group (25 patients) and the second group (24 patients) received respectively 0.05% clobetasol propionate ointment or 0.05% fluocinonide ointment in an adhesive medium (4% hydroxyethyl cellulose gel) plus in each case antimycotic treatment consisting of miconazole gel and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwashes. The third group (11 patients), placebo group, received only hydroxyethyl cellulose gel and antimycotic treatment as above. All the treatment regimens were carried out for 6 monthS. Each patient was examined every 2 months during the 6‐month period of active treatment and for a further 6 months of follow‐up. Objective and subjective clinical progress was scored and compared between the three groupS. Plasma cortisol levels were monitored in half the patients using the topical corticosteroids.RESULTS: All patients treated with clobetasol and 90% of the patients treated with fluocinonide witnessed some improvement, whereas in the placebo group only 20% of patients improved (P < 0.0001 and P= 0.00029, respectively).However, when considering complete responses, only clobetasol gave significantly better results than placebo. Clobetasol resolved 75% of the lesions whereas fluocinonide was effective in 25% of cases and placebo in none. Clobetasol achieved better results statistically than did fluocinonide (P= 0.00442) and placebo (P= 0.00049) whereas there was no statistical difference among fluocinonide and placebo (P= 0.140).Similar results were obtained for symptomS. Both drugs were shown to be effective in the treatment of erosive lesions, but clobetasol was considerably more efficacious than fluocinonide in the atrophic areas (75%vs 25% of total response, respectively) (P= 0.00442).None of the treated patients contracted oropharyngeal candidiasiS. After 6 months of follow‐up, 65% of the clobetasol‐treated group and 55% of the fluocinonide group were stable. Estimation of plasma cortisol levels showed no significant systemic adverse effects of clobetasol or fluocinonide.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a very potent topical corticosteroid such as clobetasol may control OLP in most cases, with no significant adrenal suppression or adverse effectS. Moreover, a concomitant antimycotic treatment with miconazole gel and chlorhexidine mouthwashes is a useful and safe prophylaxis against oropharyngeal candidiasis.
Chemotactic response of periodontal ligament cells decreases with donor age: association with reduced expression of c‐fos
Authors: Asahara Y. , Nishimura F. , Arai H. , Kurihara H. , Takashiba S. , Murayama Y. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To understand the effects of aging on cellular motility of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, and to determine the possible link between cell proliferation and migration in relation to cellular aging.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The chemotactic response of PDL cells from three juvenile and four older donors were compared. Then, migrated or unmigrated cells were examined for their cell cycle by morphological and immunocytochemical procedureS. Finally, migrated or unmigrated cells were examined for the expression of c‐fos and c‐myc by in situ hybridization.RESULTS: PDL cells from older donors showed lower chemotaxis compared with the cells from juvenile donors (P < 0.05).Cells undergoing migration were found not to be in the S‐ or M‐phase of the cell cycle. However, all migrated cells were found to express c‐fos, while many of the cells which did not migrate were found not to express c‐fos.CONCLUSIONS: Cellular motility of PDL cells decreases with donor age as well as cell proliferation. Since the cells reaching senescence fail to express c‐fos, the mechanisms linked to cellular senescence may be a possible underlying mechanism for low migration seen in the older cells.