bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Functional Annotation for Noncoding Genomic Sequences
Authors: Mortlock Douglas P. , Pregizer Steven 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe recent success of genome‐wide association studies has generated a trove of biologically significant variants implicated in human disease. However, many, if not most, of these variants fall in noncoding regions that have traditionally lacked much functional annotation. New data sets and tools allow for a more detailed assessment of potential importance of noncoding genetic variants. An overview of types of regulatory annotation that are currently available, and approaches to analyzing this data are provided with emphasis on usage of the UCSC genome browser. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 72:1.10.1‐1.10.10 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Disliked Music can be Better for Performance than Liked Music
Authors: Perham Nick , Sykora Martinne 
Published: January 2012

SummaryAlthough liked music is known to improve performance through boosting one's mood and arousal, both liked music and disliked music impair serial recall performance. Given that the key acoustical feature of this impairment is the acoustical variation, it is possible that some music may contain less acoustical variation and so produce less impairment. In this situation, unliked, unfamiliar music could be better for performance than liked, familiar music. This study tested this by asking participants to serially recall eight‐item lists in either quiet, liked or disliked music conditions. Results showed that performance was significantly poorer in both music conditions compared with quiet. More importantly, performance in the liked music condition was significantly poorer than in the disliked music condition. These findings provide further illustration of the irrelevant sound effect and limitations of the impact of liked music on cognition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On Homogeneous Gold/Palladium Catalytic Systems
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Lothschütz Christian , Döpp René , Ackermann Martin , De Buck Becker Janosc , Rudolph Matthias , Scholz Christian , Rominger Frank 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTwo substrates containing an aryl iodide and an allenoate ester were prepared and the gold‐induced cycloisomerisation to vinylgold(I) species and their proto‐deauration as well as the intramolecular palladium‐catalysed cross‐coupling reactions were investigated. Switching to catalytic amounts of gold and palladium and stoichiometric amounts of silver did indeed furnish the product of a cycloisomerisation/intramolecular cross‐coupling. Control experiments revealed that silver cannot substitute for gold or palladium in these reactions, but a different palladium catalyst in a different oxidation state also afforded the cycloisomerisation/intramolecular cross‐coupling products in only slightly reduced yields. By ICP analysis the palladium was shown to contain gold only at the sub‐ppm level. This shows how carefully results obtained with such systems have to be interpreted. Then a series of allylic and benzylic o‐alkynylbenzoates were investigated in gold‐ and palladium‐catalysed reactions. For esters of benzyl alcohol and cinnamyl alcohol no palladium co‐catalyst was needed for the conversion. All reagents were thoroughly checked for palladium traces by ICP analysis in order to thoroughly exclude a gold/palladium co‐catalysis. Optimisation of the gold complex, counter ion and solvent showed that gold(I) isonitrile pre‐catalysts and silver triflate as activator in dioxane are suitable to convert a number of substrates with aryl, alkyl and even cyclopropyl substituents. Crossover experiments proved an intermolecular allyl transfer.
Application of a Recombinant Escherichia coli Whole‐Cell Catalyst Expressing Hydroxynitrile Lyase and Nitrilase Activities in Ionic Liquids for the Production of (S)‐Mandelic Acid and (S)‐Mandeloamide
Authors: Baum Stefanie , van Rantwijk Fred , Stolz Andreas 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe conversion of benzaldehyde and cyanide into mandelic acid and mandeloamide by a recombinant Escherichia coli strain which simultaneously expressed an (S)‐hydroxynitrile lyase (oxynitrilase) from cassava (Manihot esculenta) and an arylacetonitrilase from Pseudomonas fluorescens EBC191 was studied. Benzaldehyde exhibited a pronounced inhibitory effect on the nitrilase activity in concentrations ≥25 mM. Therefore, it was tested if two‐phase systems consisting of a buffered aqueous phase and the ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐1‐pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (BMpl NTf2) or 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMim PF6) could be used for the intended biotransformation. The distribution coefficients of the substrates, intermediates and products of the reaction were determined and it was found that BMpl NTf2 and BMim PF6 were highly efficient as substrate reservoirs for benzaldehyde. The recombinant E. coli strain was active in the presence of BMpl NTf2 or BMim PF6 phases and converted benzaldehyde and cyanide into mandelic acid and mandeloamide. The two‐phase systems allowed the conversion of benzaldehyde dissolved in the ionic liquids to a concentration of 700 mM with product yields (=sum of mandelic acid and mandeloamide) of 87–100%. The cells were slightly more effective in the presence of BMpl NTf2 than in the presence of BMim PF6. In both two‐phase systems benzaldehyde and cyanide were converted into (S)‐mandeloamide and (S)‐mandelic acid with enantiomeric excesses ≥94%. The recombinant E. coli cells formed, in the two‐phase systems with ionic liquids and increased substrate concentrations, higher relative amounts of mandeloamide than in a purely aqueous system with lower substrate concentrations.
Evolutionary Catalyst Screening: Iridium‐Catalyzed Imine Hydrogenation
Authors: Kluwer Alexander M. , Detz Remko J. , Abiri Zohar , van der Burg Alida M. , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA high throughput catalyst screening is presented employing an evolutionary approach. The method comprises the optimization of initial leads by subjecting the catalysts to iterative rounds of optimization, including structural elaboration of the ligands by creating new focused libraries. Highly modular supramolecular ligands, robotized synthesis combined by high throughput experimentation creates a platform for fast catalyst development. An illustrative example for the asymmetric hydrogenation of cyclic 2,3,3‐trimethyl‐3H‐indole using iridium catalysts is presented. The kinetic investigation of the best catalyst yields an unusual second order in iridium, first order in hydrogen and zeroth order in substrate. Under optimized reaction conditions a TOF of 100 mol mol−1 h−1 with 96% ee could be obtained with the best catalyst. A full catalyst screening and kinetic study was conducted within a three‐week time‐frame.
Dimerization of Terminal Arylalkynes in Aqueous Medium by Ruthenium and Acid Promoted (RAP) Catalysis: Acetate‐ Assisted (sp)C(sp2)C Bond Formation
Authors: Coniglio Alessandra , Bassetti Mauro , García‐Garrido Sergio E. , Gimeno José 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe hexamethylbenzene ruthenium(II) dimer [{RuCl(μ‐Cl)(η6‐C6Me6)}]2 (5 mol%), tested among a series of ruthenium(II) and ruthenium(IV) complexes, represents an efficient precatalyst source for the dimerization of terminal arylalkynes ArCCH [Ar=C6H5, 3,4,5‐(OMe)3C6H2, 4‐MeOC6H4, 2‐MeOC6H4, 4‐MeC6H4, 2,4,5‐Me3C6H2, 4‐BrC6H4, 4‐ClC6H4, 4‐FC6H4, 4‐HC(O)C6H4, 4‐CH2CHC6H4, 3‐NCC6H4, 4‐O2NC6H4, 4‐EtO2C‐(CH2)3OC6H4, 4‐HO(CH2CH2O)3C6H4, 3‐HO(CH2CH2O)3‐C6H4] in acetic acid/water mixture (1:1, v/v). The reactions proceed for 24 h at room temperature under heterogeneous conditions and afford the dimeric enyne derivatives (E)‐ArCHCHCCAr in high yields and stereoselectivity. The preformed acetato complex [RuCl(η6‐C6Me6)(κ2‐OAc)] catalyzes the dimerization of phenylacetylene under analogous conditions, with rapid substrate conversion. The presence of cosolvents of acetic acid different from water reduces dramatically the efficiency and selectivity of the reaction. The aqueous medium facilitates the activation stage of the precatalyst by assisting the splitting of the ruthenium dimer. The addition or generation in situ of acetate salts results in shorter reactions times (0.5–3 h) and excellent yields, due to the rapid formation of active acetato complexes. Circumstantial evidence indicates that the π‐bound alkyne molecule is activated by intramolecular proton abstraction. This is currently the most efficient, E‐selective and wide‐scope catalytic system for the alkyne dimerization reaction in protic aqueous media.
Palladium(II)/Copper Halide/Solvent Combination for Selective Intramolecular Domino Reactions of Indolecarboxylic Acid Allylamides: An Unprecedented Arylation/Esterification Sequence
Authors: Broggini Gianluigi , Barbera Vincenzina , Beccalli Egle M. , Borsini Elena , Galli Simona , Lanza Giuseppe , Zecchi Gaetano 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIntramolecular oxidative palladium‐catalyzed reactions of indolylallylamides in the presence of the couple bis(acetonitrile) palladium dichloride and copper(II) halide are described. Starting from 2‐ and 3‐indolylallylamides and involving in both cases the C‐3 position of the indole nucleus, variously substituted β‐carbolinones were obtained by arylation/halogenation, arylation/esterification or arylation/carboalkoxylation processes. On the other hand, an unusual aminohalogenation/halogenation sequence performed on 2‐indolylallylamides gave rise to pyrazino[1,2‐a]indole products. The carboesterification process is the result of an unknown path that involves the DMF or DMA used as solvent. The outcome of the reactions of the 3‐indolylallylamides arises from a totally selective 1,2‐migration of the acyl group on the supposed spiro intermediates formed from the nucleophilic attack of the C‐3 indole position.
Kinetic and thermodynamic measurements for the facile property prediction of diels–alder‐conjugated material behavior
Authors: Koehler Kenneth Christopher , Durackova Andrea , Kloxin Christopher J. , Bowman Christopher N. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe Diels–Alder (DA) reaction between maleimide and furan moieties possessing various substitutions was performed as a means for developing predictive capabilities for temperature and conversion‐dependent material properties in networks comprised of DA moieties. Using HNMR spectroscopy, the reactions of maleimide‐ and furan‐containing molecules further functionalized with carboxylic acids were monitored to ascertain the impact that substitutional changes had on the thermodynamic and kinetic behavior of the DA reaction. The reaction rate and equilibrium conversion of the furan and maleimide increased when the carboxylic acid functional group directly connected to the furan ring was moved from the two to the three position. When an aliphatic two‐carbon spacer was used, such that the π‐electrons of the carboxylic acid and furan were no longer conjugated, the reaction rate increased further. We also report the reactivity effect on the distance between the carboxylic acid functional group and the maleimide, which yielded little impact on the reaction rate but exhibited increased equilibrium conversion with increasing distance. Additionally, the impact on the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of coupling the carboxylic acid to another molecule, tert‐butyl glycine, was also determined. When the carboxylic acid was coupled to an amine, the DA reaction between the furan and maleimide was generally found to have similar kinetic and thermodynamic behavior as compared to their uncoupled, carboxylic acid equivalents. Thus, the characterized and tabulated kinetic and thermodynamic data presented herein enables the prediction of a broad set of temperature‐dependent chemical and material properties. Finally, we discuss practical limitations and nuances of the DA reaction, such as the potential for the maleimide to ring‐open in aqueous media via hydrolysis. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Identification of nonlinear parameter varying systems with missing output data
Authors: Deng Jing , Huang Biao 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAn identification of nonlinear parameter varying systems using particle filter under the framework of the expectation‐maximizaiton (EM) algorithm is described. In chemical industries, processes are often designed to perform tasks under various operating conditions. To circumvent the modeling difficulties rendered by multiple operating conditions and the transitions between different working points, the EM algorithm, which iteratively increases the likelihood function, is applied. Meanwhile the missing output data problem which is common in real industry is also considered in this work. Particle filters are adopted to deal with the computation of expectation functions. The efficiency of the proposed method is illustrated through simulated examples and a pilot‐scale experiment. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Elastic liquid jet impaction on a high‐speed moving surface
Authors: Keshavarz B. , Green S. I. , Eadie D. T. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn the railroad industry a friction‐modifying non‐Newtonian liquid, showing elastic behavior, may be applied to the rail in the form of a liquid jet. The interaction of this elastic liquid jet and the moving surface—specifically whether it splashes or adheres without splash—is important in this industrial application. Twelve different elastic liquids with widely varying relaxation times were tested to isolate the effect of elasticity from other fluid properties. Using high‐speed imaging, the interaction between the impinging jet and the moving surface could be captured and analyzed. Although similar to Newtonian jets, for which the Reynolds number plays a major role, the Deborah number was also salient to the splash of elastic liquids. At the elevated Weber numbers of the testing, the Weber number had a much smaller impact on splash than did the Reynolds or Deborah numbers. The ratio of the surface velocity to the jet velocity has only a small effect on the splash. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Flame spray pyrolysis synthesis and aerosol deposition of nanoparticle films
Authors: Tricoli Antonio , Elmøe Tobias D. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe assembly of nanoparticle films by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) synthesis and deposition on temperature‐controlled substrates (323–723 K) was investigated for several application‐relevant conditions. An exemplary SnO2 nanoparticle aerosol was generated by FSP and its properties (e.g., particle size distribution), and deposition dynamics were studied in details aiming to a simple correlation between process settings and film growth rate. At high precursor concentrations (0.05–0.5·mol/L), typically used for FSP synthesis, the nanoparticles agglomerated rapidly in the aerosol leading to large (>100 nm) fractal‐like structures with low diffusivity. As a result, thermophoresis was confirmed as the dominant nanoparticle deposition mechanism down to small (≈40 K) temperature differences (ΔT) between the aerosol and the substrate surface. For moderate‐high ΔT (>120 K), thermal equilibrium was rapidly obtained yielding a constant thermophoretic flux and film growth rate. A model was developed to predict the nanoparticle deposition rates by FSP synthesis at moderate‐high ΔT that does not require detailed analysis of the aerosol composition. Comparison with previous studies having similar nozzle geometries showed that the deposition rates of FSP‐made aerosols can be reasonably well predicted for various materials and flame conditions. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Inaccuracy of self‐reported low sodium diet
Authors: Gerber Linda M. , Mann Samuel J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectives:This study evaluates how often the self‐report of a low sodium (Na) intake is reflected by a low 24‐h urinary sodium excretion and examines the influence of incomplete urinary collections on this comparison.Methods:In a study in which 24‐h urine collections were obtained for measurement of Na and creatinine excretion, 120 participants were asked whether their Na intake was low, medium, or high. A 24‐h urine collection was considered complete if creatinine excretion was ≥20 mg/kg in men or ≥15 mg/kg in women, and incomplete if below those amounts. The kappa statistic was computed to assess the level of agreement between 24‐h Na excretion, dichotomized at 100 meq and self‐report responses.Results:Agreement between self‐reported and actual Na excretion was poor. The kappa statistic was 0.18 for the total sample, 0.04 for complete collectors, and 0.51 for incomplete collectors, respectively. Overall, 24‐h Na excretion exceeded 100 meq among 75% of those reporting an average or high Na intake, but it also exceeded 100 meq among 57% of those reporting a low sodium intake. Further, among those reporting a low sodium intake, Na excretion exceeded 100 meq in 80% of those who submitted a complete collection, but in only 29% of those who submitted an incomplete collection.Conclusions:These findings suggest that many individuals who report a low salt diet actually excrete ≥100 meq/day. Na intake is also frequently underestimated because many 24‐h urine collections are incomplete. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of diethanolamine‐containing glass ionomer cement
Authors: Yang Xin , Ma Guiping , Nie Jun 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this study, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) diethanolamine was synthesized and incorporated into polyacid main chains, which would be used for glass ionomer cements (GICs). The polymer was prepared by the free radical polymerization of acrylic acid and itaconic acid with readily synthesized GMA diethanolamine. Effects of molecular weight, polymer content in the liquid composition, powder/liquid ratio, and aging on compressive strength and diametral tensile strength were investigated. Working and setting time, water sorption and solubility (Wsl), pH value of the immersed solution, and microhardness were also measured. The experimental GICs had comparable mechanical properties to Fuji II GICs while exhibiting less Wsl and high hydrophilicity. The results suggested that the experimental GICs held promise as biocompatible and workable cement for application. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and characterization of PEG‐graft‐quaternized chitosan and cationic polymeric liposomes for drug delivery
Authors: Liang Xiaofei , Sun Yanming , Duan Yourong , Cheng Yingsheng 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol) grafted octadecyl quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (PEG‐g‐OQC) copolymers were synthesized to both improve the biocompatibility of OQC and form PEGylated cationic polymeric liposomes (CPLs), which composed of the mixture of OQC, cholesterol, and PEG‐g‐OQC. Structure of the copolymers was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐NMR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay with L929 cell lines confirmed that PEGylation can decrease the cytotoxicity of OQC. PEGylated CPL nanoparticles (NPs) can be prepared by adding different weight ratio of PEG‐g‐OQC in the mixture. Paclitaxel was successfully incorporated into PEGylated CPLs with high drug encapsulating efficiency (>90%) and drug loading capacity (>15%). Physical stability experiment showed that paclitaxel‐loaded PEGylated CPLs was stable with little change of particle size and size distribution in the condition of freeze‐dried by adding mannitol or in high temperature and high pressure. Power or reagent of drug‐loaded PEGylated CPLs showed a slow steady release profile for paclitaxel. These results show that PEG‐g‐OQC and CPLs have potential application as a drug delivery vehicle. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A green, chemoselective, and efficient protocol for Paal–Knorr pyrrole and bispyrrole synthesis using biodegradable polymeric catalyst PEG‐SO3H in water
Authors: Ali Jafari Abbas , Amini Sakineh , Tamaddon Fatemah 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn water and in the presence of 1 mol % of Poly(ethylene glycol)‐bounded sulfonic acid, amines undergo smooth condensation with 2,5‐hexadione at room temperature to afford the corresponding pyrroles in good to excellent yields. The sole products were solidified as the reaction proceeded and separated by simple filtration. In addition, bispyrroles were synthesized in excellent yields via this eco‐friendly protocol. The method is easy, simple, cost‐effective, chemoselective, and environmentally benign that introduces a beautiful example of click chemistry in water. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Where do the progenitors of millisecond pulsars come from?
Authors: Taani A. , Zhang C.M. , Al‐Wardat M. , Zhao Y.H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObservations of a large population of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) show a wide divergence in the orbital periods (from approximately hours to a few months). In the standard view, low‐mass X‐ray binaries (LMXBs) are considered as progenitors for some MSPs during the recycling process. We present a systematic study that combines different types of compact objects in binaries such as cataclysmic variables (CVs), LMXBs, and MSPs. We plot them together in the so called Corbet diagram. Larger and different samples are needed to better constrain the result as a function of the environment and formations. A scale diagram showing the distribution of MSPs for different orbital periods and the aspects for their progenitors relying on accretion induced collapse (AIC) of white dwarfs in binaries. Thus massive CVs (M ≥ 1.1 M⊙) can play a vital role on binary evolution, as well as of the physical processes involved in the formation and evolution of neutron stars and their magnetic fields, and could turn into binary MSPs with different scales of orbital periods; this effect can be explained by the AIC process. This scenario also suggests that some fraction of isolated MSPs in the Galactic disk could be formed through the same channel, forming the contribution of some CVs to the single‐degenerate progenitors of Type Ia supernova. Furthermore, we have refined the statistical distribution and evolution by using updated data. This implies that the significant studies of compact objects in binary systems can benefit from the Corbet diagram.Observations of a large population of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) show a wide divergence in the orbital periods (from approximately hours to a few months). In the standard view, low‐mass X‐ray binaries (LMXBs) are considered as progenitors for some MSPs during the recycling process. We present a systematic study that combines different types of compact objects in binaries such as cataclysmic variables (CVs), LMXBs, and MSPs. We plot them together in the so called Corbet diagram. Larger and different samples are needed to better constrain the result as a function of the environment and formations. A scale diagram showing the distribution of MSPs for different orbital periods and the aspects for their progenitors re