bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Travelling Images, Images of Travel in Nicolas Bouvier's
L'Usage du monde
Authors: Topping Margaret 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Sketches and photographs are a familiar tool of the traveller-writer, who commonly draws on them when transforming experience into a textual narrative. The verbal thus displaces the visual — the latter retained, if at all, as mere illustration — in ways that echo James Heffernan's definition of ekphrasis as the ‘verbal description of visual representation’. Yet Nicolas Bouvier's 1963 travel narrative
L'Usage du monde
challenges conventional conceptions of ekphrasis. Juxtaposing the stark ink drawings of Thierry Vernet — Bouvier's travelling companion — with Bouvier's textual narrative,
L'Usage du monde
shifts representation away from a hierarchical relationship between verbal and visual; it offers instead an account of other cultures that is grounded in polyphony and exchange. This article applies Bouvier's own image of travel as a mosaic to the dual narrative form (or ‘iconotext’, to use Michael Nerlich's term) in order to consider a range of fluid relationships between Bouvier's text and Vernet's drawings. In examining these relationships of amplification, reduction, and absence, the article argues that the plurality of the narrative prompts a rethinking of conventional, binary paradigms of intercultural contact. Ultimately, the iconotextual nature of
L'Usage du monde
can be interpreted as a metaphor for the processes of cultural translation and transculturation that are central to Bouvier's travelling ethos.
The effect of desflurane on filtration performance of breathing system filters*
Authors: Poonawala Y. , Wilkes A. R. , Cann C. , Hall J. E. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThis study assessed the effect of desflurane on the filtration performance of six breathing system filters intended for use with adults. Three filters contained an electrostatic filter material and three contained a pleated glass fibre filter material. Five samples of each model of filter were exposed to 6% v/v of desflurane for 1 h, 12% v/v of desflurane for 1 h, 12% v/v of desflurane for 4 h and air only for 1 h. Five samples of each filter were also tested without exposure to any vapour or air. The filtration performance was measured by challenging each filter with an aerosol of sodium chloride particles using a Moore’s test rig. Penetration of particles through the electrostatic filters increased following exposure to a higher concentration of desflurane for a longer duration (p < 0.001). The effect on two of the pleated filters was not significant (p = 0.55 and p = 0.64). The effect on the remaining pleated filter was significant (p < 0.001) but small. The efficiency of some filters decreases when they are exposed to high concentrations of desflurane for a long duration. This effect appears more marked in electrostatic filters compared with pleated filters.
Stable isotope analysis reveals detrital resource base sources of the tree hole mosquito, Aedes triseriatus
Authors: KAUFMAN MICHAEL G. , PELZ‐STELINSKI KIRSTEN S. , YEE DONALD A. , JULIANO STEVEN A. , OSTROM PEGGY H. , WALKER EDWARD D. 
Published: June 2010

1. Detritus that forms the basis for mosquito production in tree hole ecosystems can vary in type and timing of input. We investigated the contributions of plant‐ and animal‐derived detritus to the biomass of Aedes triseriatus (Say) pupae and adults by using stable isotope (15N and 13C) techniques in laboratory experiments and field collections.2. Laboratory‐reared mosquito isotope values reflected their detrital resource base, providing a clear distinction between mosquitoes reared on plant or animal detritus.3. Isotope values from field‐collected pupae were intermediate between what would be expected if a single (either plant or animal) detrital source dominated the resource base. However, mosquito isotope values clustered most closely with plant‐derived values, and a mixed feeding model analysis indicated tree floral parts contributed approximately 80% of mosquito biomass. The mixed model also indicated that animal detritus contributed approximately 30% of mosquito tissue nitrogen.4. Pupae collected later in the season generally had isotope values that were consistent with an increased contribution from animal detritus, suggesting that this resource became more nutritionally important for mosquitoes as plant inputs declined over the summer.
Wolbachia infection in the tribe Naupactini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): association between thelytokous parthenogenesis and infection status
Authors: Rodriguero M. S. , Confalonieri V. A. , Guedes J. V. C. , Lanteri A. A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSeveral parthenogenetic species of broad‐nosed weevils exist, some of them of economic importance because of their pest status. Screening of the maternally inherited Wolbachia bacterium in 29 weevils of the tribe Naupactini, using multilocus sequence typing allowed us to assess a significant correlation between asexuality and infection, and suggests an involvement of Wolbachia in the origin of this reproductive mode. The nine Wolbachia strains retrieved from the Naupactini belong to the B supergroup. Phylogenetic analysis of these strains, along with other 23 strains obtained from arthropods and nematodes, supports previous hypotheses that horizontal transfer of Wolbachia amongst species from unrelated taxa has been pervasive.
Nurses’ emotional experience of caring for children with burns
Authors: Hilliard Carol , O’Neill Mary 
Published: June 2010

Aims and objectives.  The aim of this phenomenological study was to explore the emotions experienced by children’s nurses when caring for children with burns, in addition to ascertaining how the nurses dealt with these emotions.Background.  The nature of nursing practice is such that it inevitably generates some form of emotional response in nurses. The literature reveals that the manner nurses deal with their emotional experiences can impact on their nursing care.Design.  The study used Husserlian phenomenology to explore the emotional experiences of eight purposively selected children’s nurses who have worked on the burns unit of an Irish paediatric hospital.Methods.  Data were collected using in‐depth, unstructured interviews and analysed using Colaizzi’s seven stage framework.Results.  The phenomenon of participants’ emotional experiences is captured in four themes: (1) caring for children with burns, (2) supporting parents, (3) sustaining nurses’ emotional well‐being, and (4) learning to be a burns nurse. Nursing children with burns generated a myriad of emotions for participants. Burns dressing‐changes, managing burn‐related pain, supporting parents and the impact of busy workloads on the emotional care of children and their parents emerged as the most emotionally challenging aspects of participants’ role. Participants recognised the need to manage their emotional responses and spoke of the benefits of a supportive nursing team.Conclusions.  The findings offer insights into both the rewarding and challenging aspects of nursing children with burns. Nurses in this environment must be supported to recognise and manage their emotional responses to their work.Relevance to clinical practice.  Helping nurses to manage the emotional consequences of their work will help to sustain their emotional well‐being, enhance the care received by children and also enable nurses to support parents in their role as partners in care.
Modularity of the Mtr respiratory pathway of Shewanella oneidensis strain MR‐1
Authors: Coursolle Dan , Gralnick Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryFour distinct pathways predicted to facilitate electron flow for respiration of externally located substrates are encoded in the genome of Shewanella oneidensis strain MR‐1. Although the pathways share a suite of similar proteins, the activity of only two of these pathways has been described. Respiration of extracellular substrates requires a mechanism to facilitate electron transfer from the quinone pool in the cytoplasmic membrane to terminal reductase enzymes located on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane. The four pathways share MtrA paralogues, a periplasmic electron carrier cytochrome, and terminal reductases similar to MtrC for reduction of metals, flavins and electrodes or to DmsAB for reduction of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). The promiscuity of respiratory electron transfer reactions catalysed by these pathways has made studying strains lacking single proteins difficult. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of MtrA and MtrC paralogues in S. oneidensis to define the roles of these proteins in respiration of insoluble iron oxide, soluble iron citrate, flavins and DMSO. We present evidence that some periplasmic electron carrier components and terminal reductases in these pathways can provide partial compensation in the absence of the primary component, a phenomenon described as modularity, and discuss biochemical and evolutionary implications.
Efflux of a range of antimalarial drugs and ‘chloroquine resistance reversers’ from the digestive vacuole in malaria parasites with mutant PfCRT
Authors: Lehane Adele M. , Kirk Kiaran 
Published: June 2010

SummaryChloroquine‐resistant malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum) show an increased leak of H+ ions from their internal digestive vacuole in the presence of chloroquine. This phenomenon has been attributed to the transport of chloroquine, together with H+, out of the digestive vacuole (and hence away from its site of action) via a mutant form of the parasite's chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT). Here, using transfectant parasite lines, we show that a range of other antimalarial drugs, as well as various ‘chloroquine resistance reversers’ induce an increased leak of H+ from the digestive vacuole of parasites expressing mutant PfCRT, consistent with these compounds being substrates for mutant forms, but not the wild‐type form, of PfCRT. For some compounds there were significant differences observed between parasites having the African/Asian Dd2 form of PfCRT and those with the South American 7G8 form of PfCRT, consistent with there being differences in the transport properties of the two mutant proteins. The finding that chloroquine resistance reversers are substrates for mutant PfCRT has implications for the mechanism of action of this class of compound.
Phytophthora hydropathica, a new pathogen identified from irrigation water, Rhododendron catawbiense and Kalmia latifolia
Authors: Hong C. X. , Gallegly M. E. , Richardson P. A. , Kong P. , Moorman G. W. , Lea‐Cox J. D. , Ross D. S. 
Published: June 2010

A new species of Phytophthora, previously referred to as taxon Dre II, is named Phytophthora hydropathica. It is heterothallic, but all isolates recovered to date are of the A1 compatibility type. Plerotic oospores are produced. Its sporangia are usually obpyriform and are nonpapillate and noncaducous. Isolates of P. hydropathica had nearly identical single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)‐based DNA fingerprints that are distinct from those of all existing species. Their closest relatives are P. parsiana and P. irrigata. This new species is able to grow at relatively high temperatures, with an optimum of 30°C and a maximum of 40°C. It was frequently isolated from irrigation water during warm summers. This species caused leaf necrosis and shoot blight of Rhododendron catawbiense and collar rot of Kalmia latifolia at two nurseries where irrigation reservoirs yielded P. hydropathica. Its potential impact on other horticultural crops is discussed.
Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Colletotrichum isolates from Belgian strawberry fields
Authors: Van Hemelrijck W. , Debode J. , Heungens K. , Maes M. , Creemers P. 
Published: June 2010

Colletotrichum isolates (457) were collected from strawberry plant tissues with and without typical anthracnose symptoms and from symptomless weeds in 19 Belgian strawberry fields. The isolates were characterized based on genetic, morphological and pathological features. Isolates were classified according to rDNA‐ITS sequencing: 97% of 211 representative isolates were C. acutatum, 2%C. gloeosporioides and 1%C. coccodes. The C. acutatum isolates belonged to the intraspecific groups A2 (33%), A3 (5%), A4 (50%), A5 (3%) and A7 (6%). Differences in spore morphology, growth rate and colony colour of a selection of 146 isolates confirmed the genetic grouping. Multiple Colletotrichum genotypes were detected in the same field. There was no association between the most common genotypes and geographic origin, presence or absence of symptoms, nor plant species or plant part. Representative Belgian Colletotrichum isolates were used in pathogenicity tests, together with European and American reference isolates. The C. acutatum A2 and the Belgian C. gloeosporioides isolates were the most aggressive on fruits, followed by C. acutatum A3, A4, A5, A7 and C. coccodes isolates. When inoculated into crowns, C. acutatum A2, A5 and American C. gloeosporioides isolates were the most aggressive, followed by C. acutatum A3 isolates. The A4 and A7 isolates and all European C. gloeosporioides isolates were non‐pathogenic on crowns. These data indicate that an unusually diverse Colletotrichum population is present in Belgium. The traditional differentiation between C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides as causal agents of fruit and crown rot, respectively, proved not to be valid in Belgian strawberry fields.
Investigation of upper gastrointestinal tract involvement and H. pylori presence in lichen planus: a case–controlled study with endoscopic and histopathological findings
Authors: İzol Belcin , Karabulut Ayse Anil , Biyikoglu Ibrahim , Gonultas Mehmet , Eksioglu Meral 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground  Lichen planus (LP) is a common disease of unknown etiology. Rare mucosal involvements like esophageal LP have been reported increasingly. Infectious agents including H. pylori and other autoantigens have been investigated in etiology and association with certain gastrointestinal pathologies have been well documented.Objectives  The aim of this study is to investigate the upper gastrointestinal tract involvement in LP and to evaluate the possible etiologic role of H. pylori.Patients, Materials and Methods  49 LP patients and 35 volunteers (without LP) with gastrointestinal symptoms were included in the study as the control group. LP group was divided into subgroups regarding gastrointestinal symptoms. Upper videoendoscopy was performed in both groups and biopsies were taken from suspicious areas for LP, gastrointestinal diseases, H. pylori and examined histopathologically. SPSS 13 was used for the analysis. Groups/subgroups were compared via xi‐square test, Mann‐Whitney U test, and t‐test.Results  Gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded in 71% of LP group; none of LP patients presented typical esophageal LP. Gastrointestinal diseases were more frequent in LP group than controls, endoscopically. Chronic gastritis (91.8%) was the leading diagnosis in LP patients. Superficial gastritis was significantly higher (13.3%) in LP patients than controls (p = 0.04). LP was not diagnosed in any of the esophageal mucosa biopsies whereas lymphoid follicles were observed significantly higher in control group (p < 0.01) histopathologically. H. pylori positivity was found higher in LP group (81.6%) though statistically insignificant.Conclusions  We believe upper endoscopy should be performed to investigate esophageal LP and gastrointestinal pathologies especially when LP patient is symptomatic. Although we didn't detect esophageal LP, our study had the limitation of taking biopsies from pathological sites only. Since histopathological examination of normal appearing esophagus may help in diagnosing occult LP, and prevent eventual complications, it may be further evaluated in larger study groups. A new technique, magnification chromoendoscopy, may be useful in detecting esophageal involvement. We believe the possible role of H. pylori in LP is yet to be determined also.
PRECLINICAL STUDY: BRIEF REPORT: Epigenetic modulation at the CCR2 gene correlates with the maintenance of behavioral sensitization to methamphetamine
Authors: Ikegami Daigo , Narita Minoru , Imai Satoshi , Miyashita Kazuhiko , Tamura Rie , Narita Michiko , Takagi Shigemi , Yokomizo Akiko , Takeshima Hideyuki , Ando Takayuki , Igarashi Katsuhide , Kanno Jun , Kuzumaki Naoko , Ushijima Toshikazu , Suzuki Tsutomu 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe intermittent administration of methamphetamine produces behavioral sensitization to methamphetamine. In the limbic forebrain, mainly including the nucleus accumbens, of mice that had been intermittently treated with methamphetamine, we found a significant increase in mRNA of a chemokine, CCR2. This increase was accompanied by a significant increase in histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) trimethylation at its promoter. Interestingly, the maintenance of sensitization to methamphetamine‐induced hyperlocomotion was significantly decreased in CCR2 knockout mice. These findings suggest that increased CCR2 associated with epigenetic modification after the intermittent administration of methamphetamine may be associated with the maintenance of sensitization to methamphetamine‐induced hyperlocomotion.
GENETIC STUDY: FULL ARTICLE: Incorporating age at onset of smoking into genetic models for nicotine dependence: evidence for interaction with multiple genes
Authors: Grucza Richard A. , Johnson Eric O. , Krueger Robert F. , Breslau Naomi , Saccone Nancy L. , Chen Li‐Shiun , Derringer Jaime , Agrawal Arpana , Lynskey Michael , Bierut Laura J. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTNicotine dependence is moderately heritable, but identified genetic associations explain only modest portions of this heritability. We analyzed 3369 SNPs from 349 candidate genes and investigated whether incorporation of SNP‐by‐environment interaction into association analyses might bolster gene discovery efforts and prediction of nicotine dependence. Specifically, we incorporated the interaction between allele count and age at onset of regular smoking (AOS) into association analyses of nicotine dependence. Subjects were from the Collaborative Genetic Study of Nicotine Dependence and included 797 cases ascertained for Fagerström nicotine dependence and 811 non‐nicotine‐dependent smokers as controls, all of European descent. Compared with main effect models, SNP × AOS interaction models resulted in higher numbers of nominally significant tests, increased predictive utility at individual SNPs and higher predictive utility in a multi‐locus model. Some SNPs previously documented in main effect analyses exhibited improved fits in the joint analysis, including rs16969968 from CHRNA5 and rs2314379 from MAP3K4. CHRNA5 exhibited larger effects in later‐onset smokers, in contrast with a previous report that suggested the opposite interaction (Weiss et al. 2008). However, a number of SNPs that did not emerge in main effect analyses were among the strongest findings in the interaction analyses. These include SNPs located in GRIN2B (P = 1.5 × 10−5), which encodes a subunit of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor channel, a key molecule in mediating age‐dependent synaptic plasticity. Incorporation of logically chosen interaction parameters, such as AOS, into genetic models of substance use disorders may increase the degree of explained phenotypic variation and constitutes a promising avenue for gene discovery.
PRECLINICAL STUDY: FULL ARTICLE: Repeated ethanol administration modifies the temporal structure of sucrose intake patterns in mice: effects associated with behavioral sensitization
Authors: Pastor Raúl , Kamens Helen M. , McKinnon Carrie S. , Ford Matthew M. , Phillips Tamara J. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTNeuroadaptations supporting behavioral sensitization to abused drugs are suggested to underlie pathological, excessive motivation toward drugs and drug‐associated stimuli. Drug‐induced sensitization has also been linked to increased appetitive responses for non‐drug, natural reinforcers. The present research investigated whether ethanol (EtOH)‐induced neural changes, inferred from psychomotor sensitization, can modify consumption and intake dynamics for the natural reinforcer, sucrose. The effects of EtOH‐induced sensitization in mice on the temporal structure of sucrose intake patterns were measured using a lickometer system. After sensitization, sucrose intake dynamics were measured for 1 hour daily for 7 days and indicated more rapid initial approach and consumption of sucrose in EtOH‐sensitized groups; animals showed a shorter latency to the first intake bout and an increased number of sucrose bottle licks during the initial 15 minutes of the 1‐hour sessions. This effect was associated with increased frequency and size of bouts. For the total 1‐hour session, sucrose intake and bout dynamics were not different between groups, indicating a change in patterns of sucrose intake but not total consumption. When sensitization was prevented by the γ‐aminobutyric acid B receptor agonist, baclofen, the increased rate of approach and consumption of sucrose were also prevented. Thus, EtOH‐induced sensitization, and not the mere exposure to EtOH, was associated with changes in sucrose intake patterns. These data are consistent with current literature suggesting an enhancing effect of drug‐induced sensitization on motivational processes involved in reinforcement.
Risk factors associated with moderate‐to‐severe renal dysfunction among heart transplant patients: results from the CAPRI study
Authors: Delgado Juan F. , Crespo‐Leiro María G. , Gómez‐Sánchez Miguel A. , Paniagua María J. , González‐Vílchez Francisco , Vázquez de Prada José A. , Fernández‐Yáñez Juan , Pascual David , Almenar Luis , Martínez‐Dolz Luis , Díaz Beatriz , Roig Eulalia , Segovia Javier , Arizón Jose M. , Garrido Iris , Blasco Teresa , López Javier , Brossa Vicens , Manito Nicolás , Muñiz Javier 
Published: June 2010

Delgado JF, Crespo‐Leiro MG, Gómez‐Sánchez MA, Paniagua MJ, González‐Vílchez F, Vázquez de Prada JA, Fernández‐Yáñez J, Pascual D, Almenar L, Martínez‐Dolz L, Díaz B, Roig E, Segovia J, Arizón JM, Garrido I, Blasco T, López J, Brossa V, Manito N, Muñiz J. Risk factors associated with moderate‐to‐severe renal dysfunction among heart transplant patients: results from the CAPRI study. Clin Transplant 2010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2010.01249.x © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The longer survival of patients with heart transplantation (HT) favors calcineurin inhibitor–related chronic kidney disease (CKD). It behoves to identify risk factors. At 14 Spanish centers, data on 1062 adult patients with HT (age 59.2 ± 12.3 yr, 82.5% men) were collected at routine follow‐up examinations. Glomerular filtration rate, GFR, was estimated using the four‐variable MDRD equation, and moderate‐or‐severe renal dysfunction (MSRD) was defined as K/DOQI stage 3 CKD or worse. Time since transplant ranged from one month to 22 yr (mean 6.7 yr). At assessment, 26.6% of patients were diabetic and 63.9% hypertensive; 53.9% were taking cyclosporine and 33.1% tacrolimus; and 61.4% had MSRD. Among patients on cyclosporine or tacrolimus at assessment, multivariate logistic regression identified male sex (OR 0.44), pre‐ and post‐HT creatinine (2.73 and 3.13 per mg/dL), age at transplant (1.06 per yr), time since transplant (1.05 per yr), and tacrolimus (0.65) as independent positive or negative predictors of MSRD. It is concluded that female sex, pre‐ and one‐month post‐HT serum creatinine, age at transplant, time since transplant, and immunosuppression with cyclosporine rather than tacrolimus may all be risk factors for development of CKD ≥ stage 3 by patients with HT.