bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miniaturized UWB Microstrip filtering Patch Antenna Integrated with Uniform Impedance Resonator filter for In- Body Biomedical Devices
Authors: Boddu Ramesh , Kokkiligadda Phaninder Vinay 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The utilization of in-body biomedical devices (IBBDs) is gaining considerable interest in the pursuit of remedies for complicated medical conditions. Biomedical devices, which are capable of being ingested, injected, or implanted within the human body, have enabled the wireless monitoring of physiological signs of patients. This eliminates the need for frequent hospital visits and routine examinations. In such cases, the antenna serves as an essential component for transmitting bio-data from the IBBDs to the external environment. Many aspects need to be taken into account while designing an in-body antenna, including as miniaturisation, connection budget, safety for patients, biological compatibility, minimal power consumption, and efficient functioning within approved medical frequency ranges. By keeping all these factors in view, an Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) microstrip antenna is designed and then integrated with Uniform Impedance Resonator (UIR) filter for In-Body Biomedical Devices (IBBDs) is presented in this letter. Initially, a conventional rectangular patch is implemented on the low cost FR4 substrate with εr = 4.4 having the thickness of 1.6mm backed with defected ground structure. The overall dimensions of the proposed antenna is 30X30X1.6mm3 fed with simple microstrip line feed. The proposed design is used to operate for the entire UWB frequency range. The filtering microstrip antenna is designed by integrating the UWB antenna with 3 rd order Uniform Impedance Resonator (UIR) filter with the feed line. The proposed filtering antenna is used to operate at 5.5GHz-6.2GHz with the center frequency of 5.82GHz. The Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands of 13.56MHz, 2.40–2.48GHz, and 5.71–5.87GHz are approved globally for IBBD applications and were assigned to Europe by the Electronic Communication Committee (ECC). The proposed filtering antenna design is aimed to operate at 5.71-5.87GHHz band. The proposed design is simulated using commercially available EM tool using CSTMWS. To validate the simulated results all three UWB antenna, UIR filter and Filtering antenna are fabricated and measured. For the recommended designs, there is a strong correlation between the measured and simulated results. Index Terms: In-Body Biomedical Devices (IBBDs), Ultra Wide Band (UWB), Uniform Impedance Resonator (UIR), Electronic Communication Committee (ECC), ISM Band.
Risk Factors associated with Pain Episodes among Sickle Cell Patients that visited Mulago National Referral Hospital-Uganda
Authors: Shamira Nassiwa , Bosco Asiimwe John , Nsimbe Dick , Lwanga Charles 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic hematologic disease associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The study aims to investigate the suggested socio-economic and clinical factors and their contribution to the frequency of pain episodes among sickle cell patients in Uganda.
Method: We used pre-existing secondary data from sickle cell clinic records at Mulago referral hospital collected in 2019, with a sample of 2532 sickle cell patients. In support of the outcome being count data, the Negative Binomial Regression model was utilized to estimate how the independent factors affected the frequency of pain episodes among the patients.
Results: The frequency of pain episodes was different among age groups as young adults (16/14) experienced the highest number of pain episodes on average (IRR=1.39; 95% CI=1.277-1.522; p=0.000) compared to young children. While increased temperature (fever) increased the frequency of pain episodes by 24% (IRR=1.243; 95% CI=1.147-1.348; p=0.000), infection by 27% (IRR=1.27; 95% CI=1.191-1.354; p<0.000), other chronic diseases by 11% (IRR=1.11; 95% CI=1.038-1.188; p<0.002), malaria by 38% (IRR=1.38; 95% CI=1.036-1.836; p<0.027), and hydroxyurea however decreased the frequency of pain episodes by 34% (IRR=0.662; 95% CI=0.584-0.750; p<0.000). Nevertheless, there was no evidence that being a male or female would influence the frequency of pain episodes among sickle cell patients.
Conclusions: These findings are expected to add to the body of knowledge in the health sector, assist in advocacy programs, inform policy, and aid in tailored interventions.
Combination of AURKA inhibitor and MEK inhibitor strongly enhances G1 arrest and induces synergistic antitumor effect on KRAS or BRAF mutant colon cancer cells
Authors: Sato Masashi , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Moriwaki Toshikazu , Fukuda Kuniaki , Tsuchiya Kiichiro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
In colorectal cancer, RAS and BRAF are major mutation points in the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway. These gene mutations are known to be important causes of resistance to anti-EGFR antibody therapies. MEK inhibitors have been hoped to be an effective therapy for RAS or BRAF mutation tumors; however, their suppression effect for the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway is not sufficient when used as a single agent. Aurora kinase A (AURKA), one of the mitotic kinases, is expected to be a novel therapeutic target in cancers. Recently, it has been reported that AURKA interacts with the EGFR-RAS-MAPK signaling pathway. In this study, we examined whether the combination of MK-5108 (AURKA inhibitor) and trametinib (MEK inhibitor) enhanced the antitumor effect for colon cancer cell lines.
Methods
We used four cell lines, HCT116, LoVo (TP53 wild, KRAS mutant), DLD1 (TP53 mutant, KRAS mutant), and HT29 (TP53 mutant, BRAF mutant). To determine the antitumor effects, a WST-8 assay was performed. Combination index was used to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of MK-5108 and trametinib. EdU assay and PI staining were performed to estimate cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. To identify the molecular mechanisms of the antitumor effects of the combination therapy, protein expressions were evaluated by immunoblot analysis.
Results
The combination of MK-5108 and trametinib showed synergistic enhancements of antitumor effect in all cell lines. MK-5108 and trametinib induced G2/M arrest and G1 arrest, respectively, and the two-drug combination further enhanced G1 arrest. The addition of MK-5108 to trametinib enhanced the suppression of p-ERK and other G1/S progression-related proteins expression. In HCT116 cells, harboring wild-type TP53, the combination therapy induced more potent cell proliferation suppression and apoptosis induction than in TP53 knockout cells. These were related to enhancement of p53 expression and caspase activation.
Conclusion
The combination of MK-5108 and trametinib showed synergistic enhancement of antitumor effect with either KRAS or BRAF mutation. Furthermore, the combination therapy could be more effective in wild-type TP53 cells.
Unlocking the Secret Vault of Promising Drug Targets from Mpox Proteome- A Computational Approach
Authors: Tiwari Harshit , Sharma Shreya , Dixit Anchal , Kumar Reetesh , Fatima Kashish , Hazarika Zaved , Ilyas Ashal , Upadhyay Shashank , Borkotoky Subhomoi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Mpox (previously known as Monkeypox) is an infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus that can be lethal and is a serious hazard to public health. Despite various efforts to develop effective drugs and vaccines, presently there are relatively few antiviral therapeutics available specific to the disease. The knowledge of the possible drug targets in the Mpox proteome can enhance the to develop specific drugs tailored to specific needs. With this objective, the present study uses various computational approaches to identify and analyze putative therapeutic targets within the Mpox viral proteome. A total of 33 promising drug targets were identified that are critical for the survival and replication of the virus following an in-depth analysis of the proteome of the Mpox virus. Using an array of computational explorations, the structural and functional characteristics of the identified drug targets were analyzed to gain insights into their mechanisms of action. Our findings indicate that several identified therapeutic targets have the potential for the development of effective treatments against the Mpox virus. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive computational analysis of the Mpox viral proteome, identifying prospective therapeutic targets for disease treatment. These findings are critical for developing novel antiviral treatments for this highly infectious and potentially lethal virus.
Anti-trichophyton Rubrum Potential of (R)-(+)- Citronellal
Authors: Andrade Francisco Patricio , Sousa Janiere Pereira , Moraes Gustavo Fernandes Queiroga , Lima Edeltrudes Oliveira 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Trichophyton rubrum is a keratolytic and keratinophilic fungus responsible for causing dermatophytoses. These pathogens have been associated with resistance phenomena, which encourages the need to search for new substances with anti-Trichophyton rubrum activity. The present study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of (R)-(+)- Citronellal (RCIT) against clinical isolates of T. rubrum. The antifungal potential of RCIT was evaluated from the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC), Association study, and assays with cholesterol, ergosterol and sorbitol. RCIT MIC values ranged from 4 to 512 µg/mL, while their MFC ranged from 4 to 512 µg/mL. When associating RCIT with the drug fluconazole, pharmacological indifference and antagonism were evidenced. It was shown that the mechanism of action is related to fungal ergosterol and showed interactions with exogenous cholesterol. The results obtained in this research demonstrate that RCIT has the potential to become a product for the treatment of dermatophytosis.
Mediation Effect of Plasma Metabolites on the Relationship between Immune Cells and the Risk of Prostatitis: A Study by Bidirectional Two-Sample and Bayesian-Weighted Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Ding Chao , Gong QuanHua , Wan Shui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background According to the findings of multiple observational studies, immune disorder was a risk factor for prostatitis. However, it remained unknown whether there was a direct causal relationship between immune cells and prostatitis or whether this relationship was mediated by plasma metabolites.Methods Based on the pooled data of a genome-wide association study (GWAS), a genetic variant was used to predict the effects of 731 immunophenotypes on the risk of prostatitis and determine whether the effects were mediated by 1,400 metabolites. The bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method was adopted to uncover the causal relationship between immunophenotypes and prostatitis. Subsequently, a two-step MR method was employed to evaluate whether the metabolites mediated this causal relationship and quantify the mediating effects and the corresponding ratios. In addition, the Bayesian-weighted MR(BWMR) method was employed to verify the results.Results Among the 731 immunophenotypes analyzed, 16 had causal relationships with the risk of prostatitis, including 11 with positive correlations (p < 0.05, beta > 0) and 5 with negative correlations (p < 0.05, beta < 0). The MR analysis screened out nine metabolites related to the risk of prostatitis. The X − 24344 levels mediated the causal relationship between CD3 on CD39+ activated Treg and prostatitis (mediation effect: 0.01; ratio: 9.82%). Both histidine betaine (hercynine) levels and the proline-to-glutamate ratio mediated the causal relationship between CD14– CD16+ monocyte absolute count and prostatitis, with the mediation effects of − 0.016 (14.20%) and − 0.008 (7.24%), respectively. The glutamine degradant levels mediated the causal relationship between HLA DR+ CD4+%T cells and prostatitis, with a mediation effect of − 0.012, accounting for 8.07% of the total.Conclusion The present study indicated that the immune cell subsets predicted based on gene expression profiles were potentially beneficial or harmful risk factors of prostatitis, and plasma metabolites may serve as the mediating factors of the relationship. The study thus shed light on deciphering the immunologic mechanism of prostatitis.
The impact of frailty at diagnosis on mortality and hospital admissions in secondary spontaneous pneumothorax using the SAIL Databank: a study protocol.
Authors: Barton Eleanor C , Carter Ben , Short Roxanna , Verduri Alessia , Hewitt Jonathan , Maskell Nick A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background The prevalence of frailty is increasing as the global population ages. The relationship between frailty and poor outcomes and the utility of frailty indices to assess frailty is well documented. Although secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) is common, there are no data evaluating the relationship between frailty and outcomes in this condition. This protocol describes an observational study assessing the correlation between frailty and mortality, amongst other clinical outcomes, in patients with SSP.Methods We will use ICD-10 and NHS read codes to identify participants with a first episode of SSP after 1st January 2005 from the SAIL Databank. The participants will be stratified by frailty status using the electronic frailty index (eFI) measured at or near to the time of diagnosis. Baseline data, including patient demographics, comorbidities, smoking status and date of death, will be collected. The eFI will be correlated with clinical outcomes including mortality, time to hospitalisation, length of stay and readmissions. Our primary analysis will be all-cause mortality by eFI, adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, smoking status and comorbidities. The secondary analyses will be disease-specific mortality, time to first hospital admission, length of stay, and readmissions. All analyses will be presented as crude and adjusted HR and OR with associated 95% CIs and p values.Discussion This study will be the first to explore the association between frailty and clinical outcomes in SSP. The eFI has the potential to be used to predict outcomes and guide clinical decision making for complex, multimorbid patients with SSP.
Evaluation of ANN model for pipe status assessment in drinking water management
Authors: Sörensen Johanna , Nilsson Erik , Nilsson Didrik , Gröndahl Ebba , Rehn David , Giertz Tommy 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Non-revenue water due to pipe leakages presents a significant global challenge, impacting both the economy and environmental sustainability. The current approach to pipe management for water utilities in Sweden is mainly reactive; leaks are repaired when detected, sometimes with large costs if the leakage is extensive and critical. With this study, we want to focus on proactive pipe network management by using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to estimate the probability of leakage in water pipes. The ANN model was trained on leaks that occurred over 10 years. A comparison with leaks reported after the training shows that the model succeeds in identifying groups of pipes with a higher leakage frequency. Evaluation of both new and historical leaks in four different water pipe networks in Sweden showed that a higher prediction value from the ANN model was linked to a higher occurrence of leakage. This indicates that the ANN model succeeds in identifying some of the combinations of attributes that lead to leakage. An evaluation of the input attributes in the ANN model found that the most important attributes for leakage prediction were pipe material, pipe age, adjacent problems on the pipe stretch, pipe length and pipe dimension.
INTERNAÇÕES NA INFÂNCIA POR DOENÇAS DO APARELHO RESPIRATÓRIO NO BRASIL DE 2013 A 2022
Authors: Quirino Ana Luiza Santos , Costa Ketyllem Tayanne da Silva , Ferreira Amanda Gomes Lopes , Melo Evelin Beatriz Bezerra de , Andrade Fábia Barbosa de 
Published: May 2024

Introdução: As doenças do sistema respiratório se mostram como uma das causas mais preocupantes de internações hospitalares no país, ficando atrás somente das doenças cardiovasculares. Nessa perspectiva, o perfil das internações por doenças respiratórias em crianças permite observar os parâmetros desta problemática, fornecendo um conhecimento amplo acerca do processo saúde e doença nessa população. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico das internações hospitalares por causas do aparelho respiratório em crianças de 0 a 9 anos no Brasil e regiões, entre os anos de 2013 e 2022. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, de tendência temporal, realizado no Brasil, a partir de dados secundários do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares. A população escolhida para este estudo foram crianças de 0 a 9 anos de idade e o seu principal foco é o perfil das internações hospitalares de crianças no Brasil, por doenças respiratórias, nos últimos 10 anos. Os dados foram coletados em 26 de novembro de 2022. As variáveis dependentes do estudo são as internações de crianças de 0 a 9 anos por doenças do aparelho respiratório no Brasil e suas regiões. Já, como variáveis independentes, tem-se o tempo, do período de janeiro de 2013 a setembro de 2022, regiões e faixa etária. Resultados: Há uma tendência de queda das internações por causa respiratória até o ano de 2016, seguido de um crescimento gradativo até 2019. Entretanto, em 2020, a taxa de hospitalização reduziu drasticamente em todas as localidades. As regiões Sul, Norte e Centro-Oeste permaneceram com taxas maiores que o Brasil em todo o período estudado. A internação em menores de 1 ano representa o maior quantitativo de internações sendo a pneumonia a causa mais prevalente. Conclusões: As taxas de internação infantil por doenças respiratórias representam importante preocupação para saúde pública. Assim, destaca-se a relevância da efetividade da Atenção Primária à Saúde, que possui grande impacto no desfecho dos adoecimentos em crianças, especialmente das doenças respiratórias.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DO ACESSO NA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA EM UMA REGIÃO DE SAÚDE DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
Authors: Silva Ryvea Paarmennedys Fernandes , Pellense Marcia Cunha da Silva 
Published: May 2024

Introdução: Entre os desafios para se alcançar o cuidado integral está o acesso às unidades básicas, que não ocorre com tanta facilidade como deveria, caracterizando-se como uma grande dificuldade para os gestores municipais. O Programa de Melhoria ao Acesso e Qualidade de Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB), teve como objetivo incentivar a ampliação do acesso e melhorar a qualidade da atenção básica, garantindo um padrão de qualidade comparável nacionalmente, regionalmente e local de maneira a permitir maior transparência e efetividade das ações governamentais relacionadas a atenção básica. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade da atenção básica dos municípios da 6ª região de saúde, na perspectiva do acesso aos serviços de saúde. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa avaliativa, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram utilizados dados secundários extraídos dos relatórios analíticos disponibilizados publicamente. A coleta dos dados ocorreu no período de março a maio de 2020. As informações foram organizadas a partir da elaboração de um protocolo de pesquisa contendo a dimensão: acesso. Resultados: Em relação ao acolhimento realizado pela equipe 34 equipes não realizavam classificação de risco e 44 não realizavam acolhimento durante todo o funcionamento, no funcionamento da UBS 14 equipes não funcionavam regularmente, os indicadores de consulta médicas mostram que 18 equipes não apresentaram resultados para os cálculos e não realizavam consultas médicas essenciais, em relação a marcações de consultas 40 equipes não agendavam consultas durante todo o horário e 60 equipes não organizavam filas para distribuir senhas, na organização da agenda 37 equipes não realizava todas as ações essenciais e apenas 9 equipes mostram realizar completamente todos as dimensões analisadas. Conclusões: Dentre as fragilidades avaliadas pelos profissionais da UBS estão as relacionadas a marcação de consultas, visto que a equipe organiza filas para a distribuição de senhas e o fato do acolhimento à demanda espontânea não ocorrer durante todo o funcionamento da unidades
Trihaloisocyanuric Acids: Useful Reagents for Halogenation Reactions and
Heterocyclic Scaffold Construction
Authors: de Mattos Marcio C.S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
Trihaloisocyanuric acids [1,3,5-trihalo-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-triones]
are commercially available or easily prepared solids. They are highly reactive, stable, easily
handled, and have an excellent atom economy, transferring up to three halogen atoms to
organic substrates. In these regards, the present review summarizes their synthetic applications
as safe and convenient reagents. Therefore, electrophilic halogenation reactions of
alkenes, alkynes, arenes, heteroarenes, carbonyl compounds, and heteroatoms, as well as
radical halogenation involving saturated substrates and in situ halogenated intermediates for
Appel-type reactions are presented and discussed. Remarkably, applications of trihaloisocyanuric
acids in processes for the construction of heteroarene scaffolds based on electrophilic
halo- and oxidative cyclization, multicomponent reactions, and telescopic reactions are also
given.
A Biodegradable Nano-Drug Delivery Platform for Co-Delivery of Minocycline and Chitosan to Achieve Efficient and Safe Non-Surgical Periodontitis Therapy
Authors: Yang Jinxin , Mou Jie , Ding Kexin , Zhu Shaoyue , Sun Zhe , Cui Yawen , Meng Sihan , Qiang Guowei , Zhong Weisen , Liu Zongxiang 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) are widely used as ideal nanovehicles
for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, the balance between high anti-periodontitis
activity and low biotoxicity has been challenging to maintain in most relevant studies owing
to the slow degradation of silica in living organisms.

Method:
In this study, -responsive hydroxyapatite (HAP) was doped into the MSN skeleton, and
the chemotherapeutic drug minocycline hydrochloride (MH) was loaded into the pores of MSN,
forming a negatively charged drug delivery system. Cationic chitosan (COS) is a biodegradable
material with high antibacterial performance and good biosafety. In this study, COS was immobilized
on the surface of the drug-loaded particles through stable charge interaction to construct a
composite drug delivery system (MH@MSNion@COS).

Results:
In vitro and cellular experiments demonstrated effective degradation of the nanocarrier
system and synchronized controlled release of the drug. Notably, compared with single MH administration,
this system, in which MH and COS jointly regulated the expression levels of periodontitis-
associated inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and iNOS), better inhibited the progress
of periodontitis and induced tissue regeneration without showing significant toxic side effects in
cells.

Conclusion:
This system provides a promising strategy for the design of intelligent, efficient, and
safe anti-periodontitis drug delivery systems.