bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Gender, Work Experience, Age, and Job Stress on the Errors' Number and Work Speed in Laboratory Employees
Authors: Amini Zahra , Habibi Ehsanollah , Asady Hadi , Gholamian Javad , Dabaghi Elahe 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
A high error rate among laboratory staff leads to accidents. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gender, work experience, age, and job stress on the number of errors and work speed in laboratory employees.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was performed on 32 laboratory staff via census method. The instruments used in this study were the General Health Questionnaire Mental Health Questionnaire, demographic questionnaire capturing age, gender, work experience, and level of education, and Health and Safety Executive Job Stress Questionnaire in England. A precision targeting vibrometer was used to measure the speed and number of errors. Independent t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test as well as Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relationship between the parameters using SPSS software version 26.

Results:
The mean and standard deviation of age, work experience, and job stress were 43.56 ± 7.80 years, 205.68 ± 107.43 months, and 132.59 ± 12.55, respectively. Furthermore, the mean and standard deviation of the number of errors and work speed were 4.90 ± 4.09 and 14.27 ± 5.84, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between age and the number of errors.

Conclusion:
The results indicated that gender, work experience, and job stress do not affect the number of errors and work speed in laboratory staff, but age affects the number of errors in employees, and the number of errors increases with age. Explaining the factors affecting the accuracy and speed of staff in the laboratory can lead to use of appropriate manpower and ultimately enhance productivity and reduce accidents in laboratories.
The Effect of Low Back Pain on Functional Disability and Work Limitation in Iranian Nurses Working in Hospital
Authors: Poorhaji Nafise , Habibi Ehsanollah , Pourabdian Siamak , Yadegarfar Ghasem 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
Today, low back pain (LBP) is one of the major challenges among occupational health professionals in various jobs. The objective of this study was to investigate the relation between work limitation and functional disability with LBP in Iranian nurses.

Materials and Methods:
Overall, 400 subjects were examined systematic random sampling in this cross-sectional-comparative study. Participants were divided into the case (195 persons with LBP) and control (205 persons without LBP) groups. Data were collected using a comprehensive questionnaire including demographic information form, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, and Work Limitation Questionnaire. The collected data analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 20.

Results:
Findings showed that age, marital status, and family history were significantly associated with LBP (P < 0.001). The most common cause of back pain among nurses was work-related LBP (56.9%) and genetics (heredity) (30.2%). Furthermore, the mean score of functional disability and work limitation in the case group was higher than the control group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Although, based on statistical analyzes, the frequency distribution and mean score of functional disability, work limitation, and all subscales in the group with LBP were higher than the group without LBP, it seems that back pain does not put nurses in working functional disruptive conditions.
Scoping Review of Dubious Journey of Flourosis in India: The Situation Analysis in Telangana and the Encounter so Far
Authors: Agarwal Neeraj , Panda Meely , Bhatia Vikas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to do a situation analysis of Telangana and systematically map the research done in the area of fluorosis and its health risks. Identify existing gaps in the available literature and unsheathe the challenges and threats in the progress so far among the people living in fluorine-contaminated zones in India. After weighing our research question, we adopted an iterative process for our search strategy by including electronic databases. A quality check was performed and guided as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses–scoping review (SCR) for SCRs which included details of the study type, setting, bias, funding, etc. It was found that out of the 15 studies summed up, most of them (>95%) had been conducted in South India. Nearly 27% of the studies were trials or experimental studies, 20% were studies involving groundwater sample testing, and few were in vitro studies. Nearly 26% were conducted on animals to see for interventions. With a total of 12,382 habitat affections, we found that Rajasthan had the highest fluoride habitation. There was a need to focus more on the seemingly less important. Many programs in India focus on risk assessment and healthy behavior. Although population affection as depicted by the Indian data statistics from the department of drinking water and sanitation show values as low as 0.01% affection for a few endemic states, they scale up to include and paralyze the lives of a lot many people in the 1.3 billion nations. At a cost, where these lives can be saved from living in suffering, what we need is mere pro-activeness, being responsible, integrating methods to tackle, using local methods to prevent, adequate nutrition, and rehabilitation.
Investigating the Effect of Luminosity and Color Temperature of Light Sources on the Extent of Mental and Visual Fatigue Under Experimental Conditions
Authors: Khajeh Zahra , Dehghan Habibollah , Habibi Ehsanollah , Firoozjaei Mohsen Gorgani 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
Undesirable lighting can affect the visual system, as well as mental, neuropsychological, and physiological efficiency of staff. The present study was done to determine the effect of luminosity and nominal correlated color temperature (NCCT) on the extent of mental and visual fatigue under experimental conditions among students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

Materials and Methods:
This experimental study was done in summer 2022 on 12 students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. To measure the mental fatigue, flicker fusion method, while for visual fatigue, Rajabi questionnaire was used. In this study, two lamps with NCCT 3000 K and 6000 K were used at three angles 15°, 30°, 45°.

Results:
The mean age of the subjects was 20.91 years. At both NCCT 6000 K and 3000 K, the maximum and minimum extent of visual fatigue occurred at angles 15° and 45°, while the maximum and minimum mental fatigue score happened at 45° and 15°, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of mental fatigue (P < 0.001) and visual fatigue (P < 0.001) between 60000K and 300000K at 0.01 level.

Conclusion:
The NCCT and angle of the light source position can contribute to the development of mental and visual fatigue. Once the angle of radiation increased, the extent of mental and visual fatigue diminished. The extent of mental fatigue, as with visual fatigue, was greater at 3000 K compared to 6000 K.
Association between Arsenic Concentration of Groundwater and Mortality from Leukemia and Urological Cancers in the Northwest of Iran
Authors: Rahmani Alireza , Khamutian Samira , Doosti-Irani Amin , Shokoohizadeh Mohammad Javad , Razdari Roya Ahmaddoost , Niksiar Sharareh 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
The present study aims to determine the relationship between arsenic (As) concentration in groundwater and mortality rates due to urological and leukemia malignancies in Hamadan, as a hotspot of As concentration.

Materials and Methods:
The inverse distance weighting method in ArcGIS 10.8 software was used to show spatial patterns of As concentration. A total of 370 samples of tap water from urban and rural areas in all nine countries of the Hamadan province were collected by grab method. Poisson regression analysis was performed for comparing Kabudarahang region (As exposed) with the rest of the countries in Hamadan province during 2016–2020, for leukemia (ICD-10 code C90-95), bladder (ICD-10 code C67-67.9), and kidney (ICD-10, code C64-65) cancers.

Results:
Regarding leukemia, both Poisson regression and dose-response analysis supported an association between As concentration in drinking water and the risk of death. However, based on Poisson regression, no statistically significant association was observed for As levels and the mortality rates due to bladder and kidney cancers. In the linear regression fitting, for each unit increase of As concentration in groundwater, the mortality rates of leukemia increased by an average of 0.33 (P = 0.03), and according to the Poisson regression, leukemia mortality was elevated for Kabudarahang region comparing with the rest of the Hamadan province (relative risk = 1.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–2.92, P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
Therefore, due to the toxic and carcinogenic properties of As species, to reduce the related health risks, some managing programs, including screening, community education, and intervention, should be developed in the As-contaminated areas.
Prediction the Performance of Full Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant with A-B Process Using Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Mohammadi Farzaneh , Yavari Zeynab , Mohammadi Farideh , Rahimi Somaye 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
A reliable model for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is essential to provide a tool for predicting their performance and to form a basis for controlling the operation of the process also; this would minimize the operation costs. In recent years, computer-based methods have been applied to many areas of environmental issues. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and genetic algorithm (GA) techniques could be applied for modeling WWTP processes, owing to their high accuracy, adequacy, and quite promising applications in engineering.

Materials and Methods:
This study applied multilayer feed forward back propagation neural network and GA to predict and optimize the performance of the second phase of the Isfahan North WWTP. Experimental results, which demonstrated the performance of the plant over 6 years were applied for modeling.

Results:
A three-layer neural network was developed as a predictive model and the network was trained with Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total phosphorus (TP) were introduced as the model input and output. Neural network performance was evaluated with correlation coefficient ® and least mean square error. Proposed model demonstrated the high consistency of the results of modeling and experiments. GA achieved the best value of input parameters as 324.36, 457.37, 359.11, 60.09, and 14.15 mg/l for BOD, COD, TSS, TKN, TP, respectively.

Conclusion:
ANN and GA combination provides powerful analysis tool for modeling and optimization of nonlinear relationships between the parameters in WWTPs and could be used for proper design and operation of the WWTPs.
Therapeutic Role of Sargassum vulgare with Nano Zinc Oxide against Gamma-radiation-induced Oxidative Stress in Rats
Authors: Abdel-Alim Mohamed Ebrahim , Moussa H.R. , El-Saied Fathy A. , Obada Manar , Hashim Manar A. , Salim Nesrein Saad 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
For more effective therapy and accurate diagnostic instruments and devices, it is crucial to develop novel nanomaterials with excellent biological performance and low toxicity. Due to their outstanding biocompatibility, feasibility, little environmental impact, affordability, and low toxicity, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as one of the most widely used metal oxide NPs in biological applications. One of the many multifunctional inorganic NPs is ZnO, which has been produced using an easy, environmental-friendly process. ZnO NPs have emerged a promising potential in biomedicine, especially in the fields of anticancer and antibacterial fields, which are involved with their potent ability to trigger excess reactive oxygen species production, release zinc ions, and induce cell apoptosis.

Materials and Methods:
Several methods were used to explore the physicochemical properties of ZnO NPs. By using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, and scanning electron microscope (SEM), a sample's chemical and elemental composition, crystalline structure, optical properties, and surface appearance have all been studied. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is the main technique for characterizing ZnO NPs.

Results:
A heterogeneous surface form for extremely pure, completely crystalline, and photoactive ZnO NPs was produced. Radiation affects living cells and has an effect on all biological processes in the human body, causing living cells to be damaged. As a result, there is a great deal of interest in developing antioxidant bio-drugs based on Sargassum vulgare and ZnO NPs to protect radiotherapy patients and specialists from the dangers of γ-radiation. A major genus of brown marine algae, S. vulgare, is found along the Mediterranean and red sea coasts and is a member of the Sargassaceae family. S. vulgare methanolic extract (4 g/kg b.wt) and ZnO NPs (10 μM) were given intraperitoneally twice weekly for 6 weeks to rats that had previously received a single dose of γ-radiation (6 Gy) after 1 week of the experiment. There were five groups of rats (15 rats each).

Conclusions:
This cosmopolitan seaweed is known for valuable nutraceutical benefits but has not yet been researched in this regard. As a result, the current study was designed to assess the feasibility and in vivo potential activity of S. vulgare methanolic extract as a functional food supplement with ZnO NPs in alleviating γ-radiation-associated oxidative damage and toxic symptoms. Based on the findings, S. vulgare with ZnO NPs could be used as a therapeutic medication during radiotherapy to reduce the oxidative stress, toxicity, and damage caused by γ-radiation.
An Analytical Model for Point Source Pollutants in an Urban Area with Mesoscale and Removal Mechanisms
Authors: Latha R. , Lakshminarayanachari K. , Bhaskar C. 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
Urbanization, rapid industrialization, and related anthropogenic activities are the main reasons for air pollutant emissions and poor air quality. Continued deterioration of air quality in urban areas requires effective measures to control air pollution. The purpose of developing a model is for a better understanding the physical, chemical, and dynamic properties of air pollution and meteorology.

Materials and Methods:
In this work, an analytical approach has been used to analyze the diffusion of air pollutants emitted from point sources is presented. This article reports the method of solving three-dimensional atmospheric diffusion equation using the Fourier transform technique, variable separable method, and series solution to obtain analytical solution.

Results:
The present work focuses on the effect of dry deposition and wet deposition on the concentration of primary impurities. The concentration of primary impurities decreases when the removal rate of dry and wet deposition increases with respect to height and distance.

Conclusion:
The focus of this research article is to learn the effects of removal mechanisms such as dry and wet deposition of primary pollutants. It is found that the contaminant concentrations are close to point sources and gradually decrease toward nonsource areas due to diffusion and removal mechanisms in an urban area.
Design and Optimization of a Shield for Am-Be Source to Reduce Radiation Hazards Using MCNPX Code
Authors: Nasrabadi Mohsen Nasri , Forouharmajd Farhad , Nasrabadi Mehdi Nasri 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
Protection against nuclear radiation is one of the most important issues in nuclear technology and industries that use this technology. Among the types of radiation emitted from radioactive sources, neutron and gamma rays are among the most dangerous radiations due to lack of electrical charge and serious damage to living tissues. The principal challenge in radiation protection is the proper design of a shield against neutron and gamma radiations. Hence, this study has investigated the improvement of the protection against these radiations.

Materials and Methods:
This study is of applied-developmental and quantitative type. Calculations have been performed using the MCNPX code in this study, which is one of the strongest nuclear calculation codes. The data were analyzed using quantitative statistics and ORIGIN software (OriginLab company, 1992, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA).

Results:
Based on the results, utilizing the spherical geometry had a better performance to increase the neutron fluxes in comparison with the cylindrical and cubic geometries. Moreover, polyethylene with high density was selected as the best moderator. Ultimately, it was dealt with the comparison and selection of the best protection to minimize the produced gamma rays due to the absorption of neutrons in different materials used by the source and neutrons that run away from the outer surface of the source configuration.

Conclusion:
Using the composite sphere of paraffin and polyethylene with high density up to a radius of 12 cm and tungsten with a thickness of 1 cm was suggested as the final configuration for the aim of this study. In comparison to the no-protection mode, this protection is effective to 74% in reducing the neuron dosage and 55% in reducing the primary gamma-ray, while the mentioned protection is about 72%–73% effective in reducing the general dose.
Role of presurgical nasoalveolar molding in the repair of unilateral cleft lip
Authors: Dutta Subhrangshu , Mandal Kartik Chandra , Majumder Saheli , Roy Sourav , Neilasano L , Halder Pankaj Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
A study aims to reappraise the merits of nasoalveolar molding before the repair of unilateral cleft lip.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study was conducted with 20 cases of the unilateral complete cleft lip for 3 years. We counseled the parents, offered them to choose the surgical procedure with/without preoperative nasoalveolar molding (NAM), and obtained consent from them. The nasolabial closure was done either after aligning the cleft segments with NAM or without preoperative NAM. The patients were followed up for 1 year and assessed. Both groups are then compared with normal healthy individuals of the same age group.

Results:
Depending on preoperative NAM, the patients were divided into Groups A (without NAM) and B (with NAM). All the facial proportions and angles (except oral commissural width: facial width and nasal tip angle) of Group B are much closer to the values of normal age-controlled individuals. However, a significant difference existed between the Group A values and normal individuals. Group B showed better nasal symmetry and restoration of normal proportions. The quality of scar produced was significantly superior in Group B when compared to Group A. Body weight change was also significantly different in the two groups. Group B seemed to catch the 15th percentile while Group A stayed at the 3rd percentile in the postoperative period.

Conclusion:
Presurgical NAM helps to restore the normal facial proportions and produces a healthier scar. Furthermore, the bodyweight of patients seems to improve as the NAM plate acts as a feeding plate.
Antibiotic prescription pattern among dentists in Imphal city of North East India
Authors: Thoudam Bebika Devi , Santosh H N , Bose Aditi , Singh Moirangthem Niteshore 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Antibiotics are a subject of intensive abuse due to overprescription and also administration for inappropriate reasons. In India, some studies have reported the use and abuse of antibiotic therapy and their consequential impact on antibiotic resistance. However, there has been no study yet on the use of antibiotics among dentists in North East India.

Objective:
To determine the rationale and prescription pattern of antibiotics among dentists of Imphal city in North East India.

Materials and Methods:
A self-administered questionnaire was used. The questionnaire consisted of demographic data and comprised questions related to the use of antibiotics for various dental procedures and in certain clinical situations.

Results:
The results of this survey indicate that there is wide spectrum of antibiotics prescribed by dentists in Imphal city. Amoxicillin was clearly the choice of antibiotic among dentists. Although the dentists handpicked antibiotics based on its efficacy and side effects, at certain places these drugs were overtly used. Majority of the respondents thought that antibiotic sensitivity tests would help them choose the right antibiotic.

Conclusion:
The prescription pattern for antibiotics was inconsistent and at times inappropriate. A standard guideline needs to be formulated according to the population for prescribing antibiotics; because when used judiciously antibiotics are lifesaving.
Impact of Yoga Intervention in Lower Limb Amputees following Trauma in Relation to Behavior and Quality of Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mir Nida , Sen Mahadev Singh , Mani Kalaivani , Sagar Rajesh , Arulselvi S. , Kumar Subodh , Gupta Amit , Sagar Sushma 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Yoga is an emerging intervention causing improvement in physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Its role in improving outcomes in patients with amputation was investigated.

Methodology:
Patients with traumatic lower limb amputation (n = 50) were enrolled and randomized to the Yoga group (n = 26) against control (n = 24). Sociodemographic details, quality of life (QOL) (World Health Organization QOL-BREF), Depression anxiety stress scale (DASS), Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and amputee body image score were applied at baseline, 6,–18 weeks of amputation.

Results:
Sociodemographic and clinical variables were comparable between groups. At 18 weeks, the Yoga group had better QOL (P = 0.005) than the control group. Symptoms of depression (0.02) and anxiety (<0.001) reduced, and self-image (P = 0.015) improved significantly at 6 weeks, while stress (P = 0.003) reduced at 18 weeks in the yoga group. Despite comparable body image scores, the prosthesis usage (hours/day) was more (P = 0.005) in the Yoga (6.9 ± 3.2) group against the control (12 ± 2.7).

Conclusion:
Yoga improves QOL and self-esteem and reduces depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in patients with traumatic amputation.