bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with the need for blood transfusion during hysterectomy
Authors: Sordia‐Hernández Luis H. , Rodriguez Donato S. , Vidal‐Gutierrez Oscar , Morales‐Martinez Arturo , Sordia‐Piñeyro María O. , Guerrero‐Gonzalez Geraldina 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the preoperative clinical conditions associated with the need to perform a blood transfusion among patients undergoing hysterectomy.MethodsIn a retrospective, comparative, case–control trial at the University Hospital, Nuevo León, Mexico, the records of patients who underwent elective hysterectomy between 2007 and 2009 were reviewed. Patients were grouped depending on whether or not they required blood transfusion. Clinical features were compared and statistical analysis was performed via the χ2 test.ResultsAmong 794 patients who underwent hysterectomy, 89 (11.2%) required transfusion. The factors significantly associated with transfusion were history of abnormal uterine bleeding (67.0% versus 52.1%), preoperative hemoglobin level (10.1 g/dL versus 12.3 g/dL), magnitude of intra‐operative bleeding (410 mL versus 298 mL), and operative time (172 min versus 144 min); P < 0.001. A significant number of patients who underwent transfusion had increased preoperative prothrombin levels; P = 0.04.ConclusionHemoglobin level before surgery and a history of abnormal uterine bleeding can be identified preoperatively and might warn about the possibility of a need for transfusion among patients undergoing hysterectomy. For young patients, alterations in clotting mechanisms should be ruled out.
Clinical presentation and epidemiology of female genital tuberculosis in eastern Sudan
Authors: Ali AbdelAziem A. , Abdallah Tajeldin M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology and clinical presentation of female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) among women in eastern Sudan.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted at Kassala Maternity Hospital, Sudan, from January 1 to December 31, 2010.ResultsOf the 2778 women presenting with various gynecologic symptoms, 44 suspected cases of FGTB were identified. Granulomatous tissue reactions were observed in 25 of the suspected FGTB cases, yielding an incidence of 0.9%. The majority (20/25; 80%) of these patients presented with chronic pelvic and lower abdominal pain; however, 68.0% (17/25) presented with pelvic mass, cyst and/or abscess; 48.0% (12/25) had dyspareunia; 40.0% (10/25) were infertile; 28% (7/25) had menstrual dysfunction; 20.0% (5/25) had dysmenorrhea; and 4.0% (1/25) experienced postmenopausal bleeding. Body mass index, residence, and educational level were significantly different between women diagnosed with FGTB and those where FGTB was excluded (P values = 0.02, 0.03, and 0.01, respectively). However, no significant differences were found in age and Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin vaccination status.ConclusionClinical suspicion may facilitate and improve the detection of FGTB, with chronic pelvic pain identified as the predominant clinical presentation among women in eastern Sudan.
Effects of different doses of intraumbilical oxytocin on the third stage of labor
Authors: Puri Manju , Taneja Poonam , Gami Neha , Rehan Harmeet S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the optimal dose of oxytocin to be injected intraumbilically after fetal delivery for active management of the third stage of labor.MethodsA prospective randomized study was carried out with 125 primigravidas to compare the duration of the third stage of labor following the intraumbilical administration of 50 mL of a normal saline solution alone (in a control group), or with 10 IU, 20 IU, or 30 IU of oxytocin. The volumes of blood lost were also compared.ResultsCompared with the control group, the duration of the third stage of labor was significantly reduced in the 3 study groups (P < 0.001), and the maximum reduction was in the group that received 30 IU of oxytocin. Blood loss and hematocrit values followed the same pattern.ConclusionAdministering 30 IU of oxytocin intraumbilically in 50 mL of a normal saline solution after fetal delivery is a simple, noninvasive, and effective method for active management of the third stage of labor.
Gynecologic disorders and menstrual cycle lightheadedness in postural tachycardia syndrome
Authors: Peggs Kiffany J. , Nguyen HoVan , Enayat Diba , Keller Nancy R. , Al‐Hendy Ayman , Raj Satish R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess differences in gynecologic history and lightheadedness during menstrual cycle phases among patients with POTS and healthy control women.MethodsIn a prospective, questionnaire‐based study carried out at Paden Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Vanderbilt University, between April 2005 and January 2009, a custom‐designed questionnaire was administered to patients with POTS (n = 65) and healthy individuals (n = 95). The results were analyzed via Fisher exact test and Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsPatients with POTS reported increased lightheadedness through all phases of the menstrual cycle phases as compared with healthy controls. Both groups experienced the greatest lightheadedness during menses, and a decrease in lightheadedness during the follicular phase. Patients with POTS reported a higher incidence of gynecologic diseases as compared with healthy controls.ConclusionThe severity of lightheadedness was found to vary during the menstrual cycle, which may relate to changes in estrogen levels. Patients with POTS also reported an increase in estrogen‐related gynecologic disease.
Evaluation of isosorbide mononitrate for cervical ripening prior to induction of labor for postdated pregnancy in an outpatient setting
Authors: Agarwal Kavita , Batra Aruna , Batra Achla , Dabral Anjali , Aggarwal Abha 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the safety and effectiveness of self‐administered treatment with isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) for cervical ripening in Indian women with postdated pregnancies.MethodsA randomized, placebo‐controlled study was conducted with 200 women with postdated pregnancies and unfavorable cervices who self‐administered vaginally either 2 40‐mg tablets of IMN or 2 40‐mg tablets of pyridoxine as placebo prior to admission for induction of labor. The main outcome variables were change in Bishop score, time from admission to delivery, and presence or absence of fetal and maternal morbidity.ResultsThe Bishop score was significantly improved 24 hours after initiation of the outpatient IMN treatment (P < 0.001) and the needs for further cervical ripening and oxytocin infusion were less in the study than in the control group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.008). The time from admission to delivery was also less (P < 0.001). Moreover, the IMN treatment had no major adverse maternal or fetal effects. The vast majority of women in both groups were either satisfied or very satisfied with the outpatient treatment.ConclusionThe self‐administration, at home, of isosorbide mononitrate leads to a safe and effective cervical ripening prior to labor induction in women with postdated pregnancies.CTRI Registration No.: CTRI/2011/091/000121
A Response to Eamon Duffy
Authors: SKINNER SIMON 
Published: June 2012

At the close of his epistolary protest at Ian Ker's contemptuous review of John Henry Newman in the Times Literary Supplement in 2002, Frank Turner remarked: ‘Ker's review raises the larger issue of whether modern British and European religious history will continue as an arena for professional research and critical analysis or succumb to the parochial constraints and contentions of denominational and intra-denominational discourse. Ian Ker has made his choice in the matter, and I have made mine.’1 My article in this Journal in October 2010, ‘History versus hagiography: the reception of Turner's Newman’, sought to demonstrate that professional research and critical analysis were altogether suffocated by the contentions of denominational discourse after that book's publication in 2002. The article was careful not in any simple way to legitimise Turner's conclusions – indeed, it set out schematically and at length the interpretative retorts which they invited – but rather his purpose and method. I concluded:What is at stake … in the fuss over Turner's Newman, is not the plausibility or otherwise of his interpretation. It far transcends that. What is at stake is the legitimacy and remit of historical inquiry itself, when confronted with a vocal interest group whose principles and prejudices are seldom acknowledged. The difference between the book and the great majority of its critics, therefore, is not between Catholicism and Protestantism, nor even religion and secularism, but between history itself and hagiography – a difference not of prejudice, but of methodology.2A great – though mortal – man once wrote, in the Tracts for the Times, no. 1, ‘Choose your side’.3 In his response to my article on ‘History versus hagiography’, it is at once enlightening and dispiriting to see Eamon Duffy choosing his.
Zur Validität des Modells zur psychischen Vulnerabilität der Glücksspielsucht
Authors: Vierhaus Marc , Ewering Jörg , Klein Fabian , Ködding Carolin , Petry Jörg 
Published: June 2012

Ziel: Das Modell zur psychischen Vulnerabilität der Glücksspielsucht postuliert eine triadische Erklärungsgrundlage für die Entstehung der Glücksspielsucht. Methodik: Zur Abklärung von Validitätsfragen des Modells wurden Angaben von 145 Probanden (51 süchtige Glücksspieler, 45 Probanden als Kontrollgruppe, 49 Alkoholabhängige) zur Selbstwertproblematik, zur Gefühlsdysregulation und zur Beziehungsstörung erfasst. Ergebnisse: Multivariate Varianzanalysen zeigen, dass sich in allen drei Bereichen Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen ergeben. Die Ergebnisse von zwei Diskriminanzanalysen zeigen, dass auf der Grundlage der ersten Analyse (Glücksspielsüchtige vs. Kontrollgruppe) 91.7 % und auf der Grundlage der zweiten Analyse (Glücksspielsüchtige vs. Alkoholabhängige) 73.0 % der Probanden korrekt zugeordnet werden konnten. Die Unterscheidung zwischen süchtigen Glücksspielern und der Kontrollgruppe basiert dabei auf allen drei Erklärungsgrößen, während sich Glücksspielsüchtige und Alkoholabhängige nur durch drei Merkmale der Gefühlsdysregulatin und ein Merkmal der Beziehungsstörung voneinander abgrenzen. Schlussfolgerung: Das Vulnerabilitätsmodell bietet eine allgemeine und eine eingeschränkt spezifische Erklärungsgrundlage für psychische Entstehungsbedingungen von Glücksspielsucht.
Dayside and nightside segments of a polar arc: The particle characteristics
Authors: Park J. , Min K. W. , Parks G. K. , Zhang Y. , Lee J.‐J. , Baker J. B. H. , Kim H. J. , Hwang J. , Yumoto K. , Uozumi T. , Lee C. N. 
Published: June 2012

Using multiple satellites and a ground‐based radar network, the physical characteristics of a polar arc and its evolution are investigated under quiet solar wind conditions. The average electron energy is higher at the near‐midnight segment than at the sunward extension of the polar arc. Both polar arc segments are positioned primarily on closed magnetic field lines. The convection reversal boundary in the fitted convection pattern was located close to the transition region in the average electron energy seen by the satellites. The topside plasma density at an altitude of 680 km is clearly enhanced around the polar arc, although the enhancement boundary does not coincide precisely with that of the precipitation. The temporal sequence of auroral images suggests that the polar arcs emerged from a double oval structure. This suggestion is supported by the observed physical characteristics of the polar arc, which are quite similar to those of double oval structures that have been reported previously.
An upper limit for ice in Shackleton crater as revealed by LRO Mini‐RF orbital radar
Authors: Thomson B. J. , Bussey D. B. J. , Neish C. D. , Cahill J. T. S. , Heggy E. , Kirk R. L. , Patterson G. W. , Raney R. K. , Spudis P. D. , Thompson T. W. , Ustinov E. A. 
Published: June 2012

Although diverse measurements have indicated H+, OH−, or H2O species in the lunar polar regions, pinpointing its location, form, and abundance in specific reservoirs has proven elusive. Here we report on the first orbital radar measurements of Shackleton crater near the lunar south pole. Mini‐RF observations indicate a patchy, heterogeneous enhancement in CPR (circular polarization ratio) on the crater walls whose strength decreases with depth toward the crater floor, a result that is most consistent with a roughness effect due to less mature regolith present on the crater wall slopes. However, the results do not rule out a modest ice contribution, and an upper limit of ∼5–10 wt% H2O ice (up to 30 vol.%) present in the uppermost meter of regolith is also consistent with the observations.
Recovery phase of magnetic storms induced by different interplanetary drivers
Authors: Yermolaev Y. I. , Lodkina I. G. , Nikolaeva N. S. , Yermolaev M. Y. 
Published: June 2012

Statistical analysis of Dstbehavior during recovery phase of magnetic storms induced by different types of interplanetary drivers is made on the basis of OMNI data in period 1976–2000. We study storms induced by ICMEs (including magnetic clouds (MC) and Ejecta) and both types of compressed regions: corotating interaction regions (CIR) and Sheaths. The shortest, moderate and longest durations of recovery phase are observed in ICME‐, CIR‐ , and Sheath‐induced storms, respectively. Recovery phases of strong (Dstmin ≤ −100 nT) magnetic storms are well approximated by hyperbolic functions Dst(t) = a/(1 + t/τh) with constant τh times for each types of drivers while for moderate (−100 < Dstmin ≤ −50 nT) storms Dst profile can not be approximated by hyperbolic function with constant τh times because hyperbolic τh times increase with increasing time of recovery phase. Dependence of τh times on types of interplanetary drivers is the same as indicated above. Relation between duration and value Dstmin for storms induced by MC and Sheath has 2 parts: module of Dstmin and duration correlate at small durations while they anticorrelate at large durations. Obtained results show that recovery phase Dst variations depend on type of interplanetary drivers inducing magnetic storms.
Dynamic instability in the lower thermosphere inferred from irregular sporadic E layers
Authors: Hysell D. L. , Nossa E. , Larsen M. F. , Munro J. , Smith S. , Sulzer M. P. , González S. A. 
Published: June 2012

Simultaneous observations of an irregular sporadic Elayer from the Arecibo incoherent scatter radar and a coherent scatter radar located on St. Croix are presented. The layers exhibit periodic structuring which is attributed to shear instability in the neutral flow. Estimates of the time‐varying vector neutral wind profiles in which the layer was embedded are analyzed and shown to be shear unstable in the Richardson number sense. In addition to the calculation of the Richardson number values, we present an eigenvalue analysis of the model of Miles (1961) and Howard (1961) for the observed wind profiles. The calculated eigenmodes have dominant Kelvin‐Helmholtz modes for the estimated flow that are propagating to the southwest with phase speeds near 50 m/s and horizontal wavelengths between 10–15 km. The growth times for the waves would have been as little as about 1 min. These features are in reasonable agreement with the observed of Es‐layer structure. The Miles‐Howard model has been analyzed extensively in the past using both analytic and numerical techniques, but calculations of eigenmodes for the equations in a case with background winds that have turning and speed shear have not been carried out previously, as far as we know. The difficulties associated with the calculation are related to identifying the fastest growing modes among the large number of modes that satisfy the equations. The technique and the relationship of the solutions to the observed sporadicE layer wave structure are described.
Apport de la parodontologie dans l’esthétique du sourire
Authors: Monnet-Corti Virginie , Barrin Arnaud , Goubron Cyril 
Published: June 2012

L’objectif de cet article est de faire le point sur les différents défauts inesthétiques parodontaux et leurs traitements afin d’établir des conduites à tenir pour la prise en charge des défauts parodontaux. L’interrelation entre la discipline orthodontique et parodontale n’est plus à démontrer. Le parodonte évolue tout au long de la vie ; il en est de même pour le sourire. Le parodonte s’intègre dans le cadre facial, mais aussi dans le cadre labial. Ce sont des critères esthétiques dynamiques. La gencive et l’agencement dentaire, statique, conditionnent également le sourire. Pour qu’un traitement orthodontique soit réalisé dans les meilleures conditions, il est essentiel de respecter un parcours coordonné entre l’orthodontiste et le parodontiste. Dans un premier temps, il faut établir un diagnostic étiologique du défaut esthétique afin d’apporter le traitement approprié (parodontal ou orthodontique) au bon moment.
Militarism, Conflict and Women's Activism in the Global Era: Challenges and Prospects for Women in Three West African Contexts
Authors: Mama Amina , Okazawa-Rey Margo 
Published: June 2012

This article develops a feminist perspective on militarism in Africa, drawing examples from the Nigerian, Sierra Leonean and Liberian civil wars spanning several decades to examine women's participation in the conflict, their survival and livelihood strategies, and their activism. We argue that postcolonial conflicts epitomise some of the worst excesses of militarism in the era of neoliberal globalisation, and that the economic, organisational and ideological features of militarism undermine the prospects for democratisation, social justice and genuine security, especially for women, in post-war societies. Theorisations of ‘new wars’ and the war economy are taken as entry points to a discussion of the conceptual and policy challenges posed by the enduring and systemic cultural and material aspects of militarism. These include the contradictory ways in which women are affected by the complex relationship between gendered capitalist processes and militarism, and the manner in which women negotiate their lives through both. Finally, we highlight the potential of transnational feminist theorising and activism for strengthening intellectual and political solidarities and argue that the globalised military security system can be our ‘common context for struggle' 1 as contemporary feminist activist scholars. 1 Mohanty, 2003.
Structure and permeation mechanism of a mammalian urea transporter
Authors: Levin Elena J. , Cao Yu , Enkavi Giray , Quick Matthias , Pan Yaping , Tajkhorshid Emad , Zhou Ming 
Published: June 2012

As an adaptation to infrequent access to water, terrestrial mammals produce urine that is hyperosmotic to plasma. To prevent osmotic diuresis by the large quantity of urea generated by protein catabolism, the kidney epithelia contain facilitative urea transporters (UTs) that allow rapid equilibration between the urinary space and the hyperosmotic interstitium. Here we report the first X-ray crystal structure of a mammalian UT, UT-B, at a resolution of 2.36 Å. UT-B is a homotrimer and each protomer contains a urea conduction pore with a narrow selectivity filter. Structural analyses and molecular dynamics simulations showed that the selectivity filter has two urea binding sites separated by an approximately 5.0 kcal/mol energy barrier. Functional studies showed that the rate of urea conduction in UT-B is increased by hypoosmotic stress, and that the site of osmoregulation coincides with the location of the energy barrier.
Does participation in research lead to changes in attitudes among clinicians? Report on a survey of those involved in a French practice research network
Authors: Thurin Jean-Michel , Thurin Monique , Midgley Nick 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground/Objective: With increasing awareness of some of the limitations of randomised controlled trials as the ‘gold standard’ of psychotherapy evaluation, researchers at the start of the twenty‐first century have focused on a number of new priorities: developing studies in natural conditions; investigating the psychotherapeutic process to better understand the conditions, causes and mechanisms of change; and reducing the gap between clinicians and researchers. Can these three interrelated objectives be combined? Method: A French psychotherapy practice‐based research network (PRN) is used as a field of research for these issues. A survey was used to investigate the conditions that encouraged the clinicians to participate in the PRN study within the context of clinicians’ general opposition to research. Results: Several elements emerged as the key to clinicians’ positive involvement in research: the methodology implemented (intensive case studies during one year); the choice of measures; the constant attention to the practicalities and the potential contribution of studies to clinical practice; the organisation of work in peer groups; the training methods; the use of new information technologies and the sense of participation in a project that would support the profession. Implications: These elements are briefly discussed in relation to the question of how best to encourage clinicians to engage with research.
‘Laboring in my Books’: A Religious Reader in Nineteenth Century New Hampshire
Authors: Westphall Allan F. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
This essay examines the book collecting habits and annotation practices of Thomas Connary, an Irish immigrant farmer who lived in New Hampshire in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Connary led a pious life that revolved around the use, annotation and sharing of religious books: his extant annotated books provide a revealing glimpse into the book collecting habits of that elusive category of ‘the common reader’, and into how non-elite readers imagined book utilities and the iconic status of religious books. The first part provides an overview of the many ways in which Thomas Connary interacts with his books. Here a profile is established of a somewhat eccentric reader-cum-annotator who gives us insight into the range of opportunities provided by the material book for recording and communicating readerly intensity and religious fervour. In the second part the focus is on the broader, shared cultural setting in which books are seen as precious testimonies of personal faith, and come to function as tools of social interaction in both domestic and public spheres. Underlying Connary's many and varied interactions with books is a belief that physical objects can materialize belief, and that working in them can be a devout exercise instrumental in human salvation.