bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Miscible Flooding in Tight Oil Reservoirs: A Case Study
Authors: Arshad Aziz , Al-Majed Abdulaziz A. , Menouar Habib , Muhammadain Abdulrahim , Mtawaa Bechir 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The CO2 flooding is a proven enhanced oil recovery technique to obtain high oil recovery from complicated formations and can be applied to various types of oil reservoirs. It can be injected as immiscible or miscible flooding but immiscible flooding is less effective than miscible flooding. Two types of miscibility can occur: first contact miscibility and multiple contact miscibility. First contact miscibility happens when a single phase is formed when CO2 is mixed with the crude oil. Multiple contact miscibility occurs when miscible conditions are developed in situ, through composition alteration of the CO2 or crude oil as CO2 moves through the reservoir. The miscible flooding process involves complex phase behavior, which depends on the temperature, pressure and fluid properties of the oil reservoir. The CO2 increases oil recovery by oil swelling, reduction of oil viscosity and density, the acidization of carbonate formations and miscibility effects. Multiple-contact miscibility between the injected CO2 and oil can be achieved at pressures above the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP). MMP is the pressure at which the reservoir fluid develops miscibility with CO2 and is a very important parameter in a well-designed CO2 flood project.
Some reservoirs are considered tight because of poor rock or fluid characteristics. The main objective of this study is to investigate the performance of CO2 miscible flooding in tight oil reservoirs. This includes determination of minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) involving carbon dioxide and crude oil and miscible CO2 core flooding. This paper addresses the results of CO2 miscible flooding applied to a known reservoir. Several CO2 miscible flooding experiments were conducted using live oil at reservoir temperature and pressure above the MMP on composite cores of known reservoir. The MMP was determined experimentally using the slim tube. High oil recovery from these experiments indicates that the MMP determined from slim tube studies was correct and such a high recovery is only possible if full miscibility occurs during the displacement. The analytical correlation also gave a MMP consistent with MMP determined from slim tube experiments.
Insulin Acutely Inhibits Intestinal Lipoprotein Secretion in Humans in Part by Suppressing Plasma Free Fatty Acids
Authors: Pavlic Mirjana , Xiao Changting , Szeto Linda , Patterson Bruce W. , Lewis Gary F. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
Intestinal lipoprotein production has recently been shown to be increased in insulin resistance, but it is not known whether it is regulated by insulin in humans. Here, we investigated the effect of acute hyperinsulinemia on intestinal (and hepatic) lipoprotein production in six healthy men in the presence and absence of concomitant suppression of plasma free fatty acids (FFAs).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Each subject underwent the following three lipoprotein turnover studies, in random order, 4–6 weeks apart: 1) insulin and glucose infusion (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp) to induce hyperinsulinemia, 2) insulin and glucose infusion plus Intralipid and heparin infusion to prevent the insulin-induced suppression of plasma FFAs, and 3) saline control.

RESULTS
VLDL1 and VLDL2-apoB48 and -apoB100 production rates were suppressed by 47–62% by insulin, with no change in clearance. When the decline in FFAs was prevented by concomitant infusion of Intralipid and heparin, the production rates of VLDL1 and VLDL2-apoB48 and -apoB100 were intermediate between insulin and glucose infusion and saline control.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first demonstration in humans that intestinal apoB48-containing lipoprotein production is acutely suppressed by insulin, which may involve insulin's direct effects and insulin-mediated suppression of circulating FFAs.
Restoration of Muscle Mitochondrial Function and Metabolic Flexibility in Type 2 Diabetes by Exercise Training Is Paralleled by Increased Myocellular Fat Storage and Improved Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Meex Ruth C.R. , Schrauwen-Hinderling Vera B. , Moonen-Kornips Esther , Schaart Gert , Mensink Marco , Phielix Esther , van de Weijer Tineke , Sels Jean-Pierre , Schrauwen Patrick , Hesselink Matthijs K.C. 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE
Mitochondrial dysfunction and fat accumulation in skeletal muscle (increased intramyocellular lipid [IMCL]) have been linked to development of type 2 diabetes. We examined whether exercise training could restore mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eighteen male type 2 diabetic and 20 healthy male control subjects of comparable body weight, BMI, age, and Vo2max participated in a 12-week combined progressive training program (three times per week and 45 min per session). In vivo mitochondrial function (assessed via magnetic resonance spectroscopy), insulin sensitivity (clamp), metabolic flexibility (indirect calorimetry), and IMCL content (histochemically) were measured before and after training.

RESULTS
Mitochondrial function was lower in type 2 diabetic compared with control subjects (P = 0.03), improved by training in control subjects (28% increase; P = 0.02), and restored to control values in type 2 diabetic subjects (48% increase; P &lt; 0.01). Insulin sensitivity tended to improve in control subjects (delta Rd 8% increase; P = 0.08) and improved significantly in type 2 diabetic subjects (delta Rd 63% increase; P &lt; 0.01). Suppression of insulin-stimulated endogenous glucose production improved in both groups (−64%; P &lt; 0.01 in control subjects and −52% in diabetic subjects; P &lt; 0.01). After training, metabolic flexibility in type 2 diabetic subjects was restored (delta respiratory exchange ratio 63% increase; P = 0.01) but was unchanged in control subjects (delta respiratory exchange ratio 7% increase; P = 0.22). Starting with comparable pretraining IMCL levels, training tended to increase IMCL content in type 2 diabetic subjects (27% increase; P = 0.10), especially in type 2 muscle fibers.

CONCLUSIONS
Exercise training restored in vivo mitochondrial function in type 2 diabetic subjects. Insulin-mediated glucose disposal and metabolic flexibility improved in type 2 diabetic subjects in the face of near–significantly increased IMCL content. This indicates that increased capacity to store IMCL and restoration of improved mitochondrial function contribute to improved muscle insulin sensitivity.
Synthesis characterization and hydroformylation activity of new mononuclear rhodium(I) compounds incorporated with polar-group functionalized phosphines
Authors: Vasam Chandra , Modem Sarangapani , Kankala Shravankumar , Kanne Shanker , Budige Geeta , Vadde Ravinder 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
A first effort employing a range of polar-group functionalized phosphines (L 1 –L 7 ) to design mononuclear Rh(I) compounds of [Rh(quin-8-O)(CO)(L)] (quin-8-O = 8-hydroxy quinolate) is described. The reaction of a Rh(I) precursor [Rh(μ-Cl)(CO)2]2 with 8-hydroxyquinoline in the presence of a base followed by phosphines (L 1 –L 7 ) produced only a single isomer of [Rh(quin-8-O)(CO)(L)] compounds (1–7) with pendant, i.e. non-bonded, polar-groups (includes carboxyl, hydroxyl and formyl). A relationship between Δgd31P chemical shifts and the ν(C≡O) was derived to evaluate and explain the σ-donor properties of these phosphines with respect to the electronic properties of the polar groups and the extent of π-back-bonding to the CO group. These mononuclear Rh(I)-Phosphines were investigated as catalysts in the hydroformylation of 1-hexene and cyclohexene in aqueous two-phase and single-phase solvent systems. The Rh(I) catalysts with strong σ-donor and hydrophilic phosphines provided better yields and selectivities for the hydroformylation products, which is a reverse trend compared to literature reports. When the Rh(I) compounds contained strong σ-donor phosphines, the π-acceptor properties of the pyridine ring of 8-hydroxyquinolate were found to be beneficial for the facile cleavage of the CO group during hydroformylation, and additionally, to improve the kinetic stability of catalysts.
Grading of Inflammatory Disease Activity in the Sacroiliac Joints with Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Comparison Between Short-tau Inversion Recovery and Gadolinium Contrast-enhanced Sequences
Authors: MADSEN KAREN BERENTH , EGUND NIELS , JURIK ANNE GRETHE 
Published: December 2009

Objective. We investigated the potential concordance of 2 different magnetic resonance (MR) sequences — short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) and fat-saturated T1-weighted spin-echo after application of gadolinium (Gd) contrast medium to detect active bone marrow abnormalities at the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA).Methods. Blinded and using the Danish scoring method, we evaluated transaxial MR images of the 2 sequences in 40 patients with SpA with disease duration of 3–14 years. Both the cartilaginous and ligamentous portions of the SIJ were analyzed.Results. There was a significant positive correlation between the activity scores obtained by STIR and Gd-enhanced sequences (p < 0.0001). Agreement in the detection of bone marrow abnormalities occurred in 60 of the 80 joints, 35 with and 25 without signs of active disease. Discordance with STIR-positive marrow activity scores occurred in only 11 joints; Gd-enhanced positive scores in 9 joints. The STIR sequence detected remnants of marrow activity in the periphery of chronic fatty replacement not seen or partly obscured on the Gd sequence. Small subchondral enhancing lesions may not be scored on the STIR sequence, mostly because of reduced image resolution.Conclusion. Active bone marrow abnormalities were detected nearly equally well with STIR and Gd-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 sequences in patients with SpA, with STIR being most sensitive to visualize active abnormalities in the periphery of chronic changes.
Complete square complexes
Authors: Wise Daniel T. 
Published: December 2009

We study groups which act cocompactly and properly discontinuously on the direct product of two trees. This class of groups turns out to be much richer than one might expect.
An interplay is developed between the immersed flats in the complex and the subgroup separability properties of its fundamental group. This link between algebra and geometry leads to the solution of several problems concerning the residual properties of automatic groups and small-cancellation groups. In particular an explicit example is given of a compact non-positively curved square complex whose fundamental group is not residually finite. A more complicated such example is given with the property that its fundamental group has no finite quotients. The universal covers of these examples are isomorphic to the direct product of two trees. Other examples include a C(4)–T(4) small-cancellation group which is not virtually torsion-free.
Relating diameter and mean curvature for submanifolds of Euclidean space
Authors: Topping Peter 
Published: December 2009

Given a closed

m

-dimensional manifold

\mathcal M

immersed in

ℝ^n

, we estimate its diameter

d

in terms of its mean curvature

\boldsymbol{H}

by

d ≤ C(m) \int_{\mathcal M} |\boldsymbol{H}|^{m − 1} dμ .
Infinitesimal automorphisms and deformations of parabolic geometries
Authors: Cap Andreas 
Published: December 2009

We show that infinitesimal automorphisms and infinitesimal deformations of parabolic geometries can be nicely described in terms of the twisted de Rham sequence associated to a certain linear connection on the adjoint tractor bundle. For regular normal geometries, this description can be related to the underlying geometric structure using the machinery of BGG sequences. In the locally flat case, this leads to a deformation complex, which generalizes the well known complex for locally conformally flat manifolds.
Recently, a theory of subcomplexes in BGG sequences has been developed. This applies to certain types of torsion free parabolic geometries including quaternionic structures, quaternionic contact structures and CR structures. We show that for these structures one of the subcomplexes in the adjoint BGG sequence leads (even in the curved case) to a complex governing deformations in the subcategory of torsion free geometries. For quaternionic structures, this deformation complex is elliptic.
Mini-Workshop: Multiscale Modeling in Epitaxial Growth
Authors: Voigt Axel 
Published: December 2009

Thin film epitaxy is a modern technology of growing single crystals that inherit atomic structures from substrates. Various mathematical models and numerical algorithms are proposed to be used for describing epitaxial growth processes. Due to the underlying multiscale phenomena, which range from the interaction of single atoms at steps up to an engineering scale, on which the transport of material to the surface in a MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) furnace needs to be described, the models can be distinguished by the relevant length scales they are living on
(a) discrete atomic models: Individual atoms are the basic degrees of freedom and single hoppings to neighbouring lattice sites are simulated by kinetic Monte Carlo methods. A n example are the so-called Solid-on-Solid models.
(b) discrete-continuous models: The atomic distance in the growth direction is discrete, but the atomic distance in the lateral direction is coarse grained. The steps are assumed to be smooth curves and serve as free boundaries for an adatom diffusion equation on terraces. These models are known as Burton-Cabrera-Frank models.
(c) continuous models: The atomic processes at steps are neglected , the overall surface is assumed to be smooth and phenomenological equations describe directly the height of the growing film. An example is the Villain equation.
The main goal in modelling epitaxial growth is to bridge the gap between these different models and to describe growth process on a continuous scale by incorporating atomic effects. The focus of this workshop was to bring together materials scientists, theoretical physicists and applied mathematicians to exchange ideas on the three different regimes (a),(b) and (c). The mini-workshop consisted of three introducing lectures, one for each approach and several lectures which focus on connections both in an analytical and numerical fashion. The contributions ranged from quantum-chemistry, molecular dynamics and kinetic Monte Carlo to step flow and continuum models. Several multiscale approaches have been considered to combine at least two of these models.
Besides the mathematical aspects of modelling epitaxial growth also the connection to experimental results was dealt with in order to drive the recent theoretical developments into a direction which is relevant for a large variety of industrial applications. The mini-workshop was also used to give young researchers the opportunity to be introduced into such an actual interdisciplinary field.
Discrepancy Theory and Its Applications
Authors: Chazelle Bernard , Chen William W.L. , Srivastav Anand 
Published: December 2009

The meeting was organized by Bernard Chazelle (Princeton), William Chen (Sydney) and Anand Srivastav (Kiel), and was attended by some twenty participants from over ten countries and three continents.
The purpose of the meeting was to encourage and enhance dialogue and collaboration between the theoretical and practical aspects of discrepancy theory. The topics covered included:
Nineteen talks were presented, including a few of a survey nature as well as others that concentrated on specific recent results. These talks demonstrated the diversity on all four areas and their inter-relationships, as well as the vitality of these areas of research.
The organizers and participants would like to take this opportunity to thank again the “Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach” for having provided a comfortable and inspiring environment for the meeting and the scientific work. The pleasant atmosphere and superb facilities contributed to the overall success of the meeting.
We include the abstracts of all the talks in alphabetical order of the speakers.
Classical Algebraic Geometry
Authors: Eisenbud David , Harris Joseph , Schreyer Frank-Olaf 
Published: December 2009

The worshop on Classical Algebraic Geometry, organized by David Eisenbud (Berkeley), Joe Harris (Harvard) and Frank-Olaf Schreyer (Saarbrücken) was well attended by important senior researchers and many gifted young mathematicians.
Classical Algebraic Geometry is characterized by having very basic and concrete problems. However development of the abstract, sophisticated tools of algebraic geometry has often lead to remarkable progress on these problems. It was our intention to make a conference emphasizing progress on the classical problems, and featuring the new tools and their applications. We emphasize a few results:
Geometry of the Moduli Spaces of Curves. Based partly on motivations from mathematical physics, the enumerative geometry of the moduli spaces of curves has been an extremely active area for some time. Several of the major conjectures in the area have seen major progress, and may be close to resolution. The extension of Brill–Noether theory for line bundles to the case of bundles of higher rank is a long-standing problem (Mukai's conjecture), and this plays now a novel role in the search for interesting divisors on the moduli space in the work of Gavril Farkas. In the talk of Brendon Hassett we learned how other birational models of the Moduli space can be interpreted in terms of curves with nodes, cusps and tacnodes.
Derived Categories. Originally introduced in the late fifties as a tool for generalizing duality theory, derived categories have arisen in a several striking new contexts, including the characterization of birational transformations in the minimal model program, the analysis of the Bernstein–Gel'fand–Gel'fand and Fourier–Mukai transforms. One of the speakers of the conference (Mihnea Popa) suggested an amazing series of parallels between Castelnuovo theory and the Schottky problem, based on these last two contexts.
Enumerative Geometry. The high-tech tools of modern geometry have led to a better understanding of degenerations, which has in turn led to the solution of many classical enumerative problems. We heard talks on a solution via specialization of the long-standing problem of intersection theory on flag manifolds, and on the maximal degneration of complex structures through amoebas and tropical geometry.
We were particularly pleased by the number of extremely strong young (i.e. untenured) participants, among them for example Gavril Farkas and Mihnea Popa.
Combinatorial Commutative Algebra
Authors: Peeva Irena , Welker Volkmar 
Published: December 2009

There has been very fruitful interaction between the fields of Combinatorics and Commutative Algebra since the 70's [1, 2, 3, 4]. Notably, there has been a surge in interest and research during the last 8 years: a great variety of new ideas and techniques were introduced, and substantial progress was made. Projects in this direction have been undertaken by both established mathematicians and graduate students or postodcs. Currently, the main centers for such research are Germany, Italy, Japan, and USA. The toolset from Commutative Algebra that helps to solve combinatorial problems ranges from Hilbert-series to local cohomology. On the other hand, Combinatorics enriches Commutative Algebra by supplying questions, methods and results that ask for a more general setting, a setting which in many cases has a ring theoretic framework.
The Oberwolfach workshop on “Combinatorial Commutative Algebra” was organized as an attempt to gather researchers from Combinatorics and Commutative Algebra in order to announce the latest developments, spread new problems, and spark further interaction. For that purpose only very few and only longer talks were scheduled, and they all reported on exciting recent developments. The talks covered a wide spectrum of topics ranging over f-vector theory, algebraic shifting, simplicial complexes, polytopes, Gröbner basis, free resolution, powers of ideals, Hilbert–Kunz functions, and related questions in Classical Algebraic Geometry.
The talks were confined to the morning session and the afternoons were kept free for research. Existing teams continued their collaboration and new teams were formed; conjectures announced during a lecture before lunch did not exist anymore at dinner time. Mathematics was on the move.
Gil Kalai envisaged in his talk yet another round of progress through the interaction of Commutative Algebra and Combinatorics. We hope that this conference has made a contribution for this vision to become true. The success of a conference is determined by many factors, one of them is the atmosphere at the conference location. The Oberwolfach staff created the perfect atmosphere and we are very grateful for their hospitality.
Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry
Authors: Faltings Gerd , Harder Günter , Katz Nicholas M. 
Published: December 2009

At this workshop various aspects of Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry have been discussed. It was organized by G. Faltings, G. Harder (Max-Planck-Institute for Mathematics Bonn) and N. Katz (Princeton university)
The main goal of this field is, to obtain information on the solution of diophantine problems by applying the tools provided by algebraic geometry.
The workshop was attended by 42 participants and we had the total number of 18 talks.
A very interesting diophantine problem, which has a very geometric flavour, is the investigation of the structure of the Brauer group of a scheme or more in geometric terms of a complex algebraic variety. This aspect has been discussed in the talks by Gabber, who reported on some recent progress in direction of the purity conjecture. It has also been discussed in the talks of Lieblich and de Jong, in which some more geometric questions have been discussed.

Another tool to obtain information on diophantine problems is provided by

p

-adic methods. Here certain analogies between classical analytic theory over

\mathbf{C}

and

p

-adic analytic theory have to be developed. We have to understand the meaning of local systems. This topic was discussed in the talks of Deninger and Ramero. Minhyong Kim outlined a program how to used a

p

-adic unipotent Albanese map to prove finiteness in diophantine geometry, for instance the classical theorem of Siegel.

Shimura varieties are certainly interesting objects in Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry, they provide interesting examples of algebraic varieties. Ben Moonen's talk was on the borderline between

p

-adic methods and Shimura varieties. Laumon reported on the fundamental Lemma for

U(n)

. Various talks discussed the Galois representations attached to automorphic forms and abelan varieties (Bültel, Edixhoven, Harris, Diamond). In the talks of Pink and Ullmo Wildeshaus, Rapoport, M. Kings and Ullmo some other aspects of this field were discussed.

Goncharov discussed some interesting aspects of higher Teichmüller theory.