bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation into the effect of adhesion properties of PEEK modified by atmospheric pressure plasma and low pressure plasma
Authors: Jha Sangeeta , Bhowmik Shantanu , Bhatnagar Nitu , Bhattacharya Nayan Kamal , Deka Utpal , Iqbal Hafiz Mohammad Salim , Benedictus Rinze 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHigh performance polymer, Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) (service temperature −250°C to +300°C, tensile strength: 120 MPa) is gaining significant interest in aerospace and automotive industries. In this investigation, attention is given to understand adhesion properties of PEEK, when surface of the PEEK is modified by two different plasma processes (i) atmospheric pressure plasma and (ii) low pressure plasma under DC Glow Discharge. The PEEK sheets are fabricated by ultra high temperature resistant epoxy adhesive (DURALCO 4703, service temperature −260°C to +350°C). The surface of the PEEK is modified through atmospheric pressure plasma with 30 and 60 s of exposure and low pressure plasma with 30, 60, 120, 240, and 480 s of exposure. It is observed that polar component of surface energy leading to total surface energy of the polymer increases significantly when exposed to atmospheric pressure plasma. In the case of low pressure plasma, polar component of surface energy leading to total surface energy of the polymer increases with time of exposure up to 120 s and thereafter, it deteriorates with increasing time of exposure. The fractured surface of the adhesively bonded PEEK is examined under SEM. It is observed that unmodified PEEK fails essentially from the adhesive to PEEK interface resulting in low adhesive bond strength. In the case of surface modified PEEK under atmospheric pressure plasma, the failure is entirely from the PEEK and essentially tensile failure at the end of the overlap resulting in significant increase in adhesive bond strength. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Novel clay‐based nanobiocomposites of biopolyesters with synergistic barrier to UV light, gas, and vapour
Authors: Sanchez‐Garcia M. D. , Lagaron J. M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis article presents novel solvent cast biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate‐co‐valerate (PHBV), and polycaprolactone (PCL) with enhanced barrier properties to UV light, oxygen, water, and limonene by means of incorporating an organomodified mica‐based clay grade. The TEM results suggested a good clay dispersion but with no exfoliation in the three biopolyesters. In agreement with the crystallinity data, which was found to generally increase with increasing filler content, oxygen but specially water and d‐limonene permeability coefficients were seen to decrease to a significant extent in the biocomposites and an optimum property balance was found for 5 wt % of clay loading in the three biopolymers. With increasing clay content, the light transmission of these biodegradable biocomposites decreased by up to 90% in the UV wavelength region due to the specific UV blocking nature of the clay used. As a result, these new biocomposites can have significant potential to develop packaging films, coatings and membranes with enhanced gas and vapor barrier properties and UV blocking performance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Online pressure–volume–temperature measurements of polypropylene using a testing mold to simulate the injection‐molding process
Authors: Wang Jian , Xie Pengcheng , Yang Weimin , Ding Yumei 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTo obtain accurate prediction of service performance and service life of polymers and to optimize the processing parameters, a modified online measurement was used to measure the pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) properties of polymers under certain processing conditions. The measurement was based on an injection molding machine, and it was used to obtain the PVT data of polymers directly with a special testing mold under normal processing conditions. The PVT properties of a semicrystalline polymer, polypropylene, were measured through both an online testing mold and a conventional piston–die dilatometer. The PVT properties were correlated by a modified two‐domain Tait equation of state. The differences between the two groups of PVT data measured were investigated, and relative differences, especially in the rubbery state because of different cooling or heating measuring modes and sample forms, were observed. Numerical simulations of injection‐molding processes were carried out by Moldflow software with both of the types of PVT data. The resulting online PVT data exhibited improvement in the accurate prediction of shrinkage and warpage. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The effect of 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)/hydroxyapatite composites
Authors: Tham W. L. , Chow W. S. , Ishak Z. A. Mohd 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe poly(methyl methacrylate)/hydroxyapatite (PMMA/5HA) composites were prepared by using heat‐processing polymers powder and liquid method with a ratio of 10 : 4 according to the dental laboratory practice. The hydroxyapatite (HA) was surface treated using 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (γ‐MPS) with different concentrations based on HA (i.e., 2, 4, 6, and 8%). The chemical treatment of HA was examined using Fourier Transform Infrared Ray Spectroscopy (FTIR). The mechanical properties of PMMA/5HA composites were characterized using tensile, 3‐point bending flexural and fracture toughness tests. The morphological properties of the PMMA/5HA composites were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The intensities of absorption bands at 840, 873, and 1031 cm−1 which are corresponding to SiO stretching were observed and became higher as the increasing concentration of γ‐MPS for the HA treatment. This indicates that the HA was successfully treated by γ‐MPS. It is interesting to note that the flexural modulus and strength of PMMA/5HA was increased significantly by 6% γ‐MPS. The improvement of the mechanical strength could be related to the enhancement of interfacial interaction between PMMA and HA by the surface treatment of γ‐MPS. In addition, the fracture toughness properties of PMMA/5HA composites were also influenced by the different concentration of γ‐MPS. It is believed that the γ‐MPS could act as a good silane coupling agent for the PMMA/5HA composites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Polyamide 66 binary and ternary nanocomposites: Mechanical and morphological properties
Authors: Mert Miray , Yilmazer Ulku 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPolyamide 66 (PA 66)/impact modifier blends and polyamide/organoclay binary and PA 66/organoclay/impact modifier ternary nanocomposites were prepared by the melt‐compounding method, and the effects of the mixing sequences on the morphology and mechanical and flow properties were investigated. Lotader AX8840 and Lotader AX8900 were used as impact modifiers. The concentrations of the impact modifiers and the organoclay (Cloisite 25A) were maintained at 2 and 5 wt %, respectively. Both the binary and ternary nanocomposites displayed high tensile strength and Young's modulus values compared to the PA 66/impact modifier blends. Decreases occurred in the strength and stiffness of the binary nanocomposites upon incorporation of the elastomeric materials into the polymeric matrix. In general, the mixing sequence in which all three ingredients were added simultaneously and extruded twice (the All‐S mixing sequence) exhibited the most enhanced mechanical properties in comparison with the mixing sequences in which two of the components were extruded in the first extrusion step and the third ingredient was added in the second extrusion step. The mechanical test results were in accordance with the organoclay dispersion. The impact strength was highly affected by the elastomeric domain sizes, interdomain distances, interfacial interactions, and organoclay delamination. The smallest elastomeric domain size was obtained for the All‐S mixing sequence, whereas the elastomeric domain sizes of the other mixing sequences were quite close to each other. Drastic variations were not observed between the melt viscosities of the ternary nanocomposites prepared with different mixing sequences. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
A study on Xe excilamp treatment of wool fibers
Authors: Yang Mei , Yan Kelu , Zhou Aojia 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA Xeexcilamp (λ = 172 nm) was applied to photo irradiate and surface modify wool fibers. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the outer surface of the fibers was etched after excilamp treatment, and some microcracks emerged on the surface scales. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that the excilamp‐treated fibers possessed high concentration of oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen, as well as increased hydrophilic groups, such as hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, and sulphur oxide species on the surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total internal reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) mode measurement showed that the sulphur oxide species was mainly composed of cysteic acid and S‐sulphonate together with a small amount of cystine monoxide and cystine dioxide on the outer surface of excilamp‐treated wool fiber. The contact angle of water on the excilamp‐treated fiber decreased about 110°. Using an acid dye, deeper hue was achieved in dyeing the treated fibers, evidenced by improved relative color strength (K/S) and brightness (L*) values. And the directional friction effect (DFE) of the wool fibers in wet obviously decreased after the excilamp treatment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Copper‐ion adsorption and gold‐ion reduction by polyphenols prepared by the enzymatic reaction of horseradish peroxidase
Authors: Kawakita Hidetaka , Nakano Sachiko , Hamamoto Kohshi , Matsunaga Yumi , Yoshimura Yuko , Ohto Keisuke , Inoue Katsutoshi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPolyphenols were synthesized via a horseradish peroxidase reaction from phenol, catechol, and pyrogallol for use as copper‐ion adsorbents. The molecular weights of the polyphenols ranged from about 1000 to 3000 g/mol. The hydroxyl group contents in the polyphenols from phenol, catechol, and pyrogallol were 5.9, 4.0, and 0.94 mol/kg, respectively, as determined by titration. The saturation binding capacity for copper ions of the polyphenols from phenol, catechol, and pyrogallol were calculated to be 1.44, 0.88, and 0.22 mol/kg, respectively, at pH 4.5. Copper ions were efficiently adsorbed via an ion‐exchange interaction by the synthesized polyphenols with vicinal hydroxyl groups, and those polyphenols could be applied to metal adsorption. Gold ions were selectively reduced by the phenol group in polypyrogallol in acid media to form gold particles. The reduced gold particles were eluted with a solution of 1.0M thiourea plus 0.5M HCl. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Interaction between the fluorinated amphiphilic copolymer poly(2,2,3,4,4,4‐hexafluorobutyl methacrylate)‐graft‐poly(SPEG) and DNA
Authors: Li Ling , Xiong Shengdong , Wang Yingxi , Song Gongwu , Wu Shuilin , Chu Paul K. , Xu Zushun 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA synthesized copolymer, synthesized from HFMA (hexaflurobutyl methacrylate) and SPEG (PHFMA‐g‐PSPEG), was synthesized. PHFMA‐g‐PSPEG intercalated to the DNA base pair via a strong hydrophobic force, and this was conformed by ultraviolet spectroscopy, transmittance measurements, micropolarity measurements, resonance light scattering (RLS) spectroscopy, and particle size measurements. The copolymer was used as a new probe to detect DNA according to the RLS technique. The hydrophobic interaction between PHFMA‐g‐PSPEG and DNA significantly enhanced the RLS signal, and the enhanced RLS intensity at 422 nm was proportional to the nucleic acid concentration within the range of 0.09–0.90 mg/L with a detection limit (3σ) of 4.0 μg/L. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and characterization of the electrospun nanofibers loaded with clarithromycin
Authors: Wei Anfang , Wang Juan , Wang Xueqian , Wei Qufu , Ge Mingqiao , Hou Dayin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractElectrospinning was applied to prepare the drug‐loaded nanofibers for potential use in drug delivery and wound healing. Clarithromycin (CLM) was selected as the model drug, whereas poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) was used as the biodegradable and biocompatible polymer carrier. The low toxicity solvents were tested, and the morphology and structures of the nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). PLLA and its composite of CLM were electrospun using the solvents of dichloromethane and acetone. SEM images showed that the diameters of the electrospun PLLA fibers were about 1000 nm, decreased to about 400 nm when 5 wt % CLM was loaded. With the increase of the amount the drug loaded, the diameters of the fibers gradually decreased and their distributions varied. The drug aggregates of any kind were not observed on the surfaces of the fibers. FTIR spectra revealed that CLM was incorporated into the macromolecular carrier of PLLA by formation of the hydrogen bonds but no new functional groups in the structure of the composite nanofibers were formed. XRD patterns indicated that the drug distributed in the composite nanofibers existed in the noncrystalline form. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Melt density and volume flow rate of polypropylene/Al(OH)3/Mg(OH)2 flame retardant composites
Authors: Liang J. Z. , Tang C. Y. , Zhang Y. J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) flame retardant composites filled with aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) as well as zinc borate (ZB) were prepared with a twin‐screw extruder. The melt volume flow rate (MVR) and density of the composites were measured by means of a melt flow rate instrument under experimental conditions with temperature of 180°C and load varying from 2.16 to 5 kg, to identify the effects of the particle size and content. The results showed that MVR of the composites decreased with an increase of the filler weigh fraction (ϕf) when ϕf was more than 10 phr. The MVR decreased first and then increased with an increase of the filler diameter (d). The melt density (ρm) of the composites increased linearly with an increase of ϕf and decreased linearly with the increase of d. In addition, the ρm increased with an increase of load. Under the same experimental conditions, the MVR decreased slightly while the ρm increased somewhat with addition of ZB for the PP/Al(OH)3/Mg(OH)2 composite systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Study on the structure‐mechanical properties relationship and antistatic characteristics of SSBR composites filled with SiO2/CB
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhao Suhe 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe composites of solution polymerized styrene‐butadiene rubber (SSBR) filled with SiO2/carbon black (CB) were prepared by reaction blending. The mechanical and antistatic properties were studied. The morphology and dispersion of the two kinds of nano‐fillers in the composites were observed. The results showed that CB presented 30 nm spherical particles and formed filler networks in the SSBR/CB composite. Payne effect of the SSBR/CB composite was large and the antistatic property was excellent; SiO2 powder presented 20–40 nm irregular particles and also formed filler networks in the SSBR/SiO2 composite. The internal friction of the SSBR/SiO2 composite was low, however, the static accumulation was obviously large; SSBR/SiO2/CB composites exhibited good filler dispersion, high mechanical properties and low internal friction. The rolling resistance, wet‐skid resistance and wear resistance are well balanced. Among these, the composite filled with SiO2/CB in 20/50 achieved the best overall performances. The surface and volume resistivity of the composites was increased with increasing amount of SiO2. For the researched formulation, the ratio of SiO2/CB in 35/35 was the percolation threshold for the antistatic property of the composites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Enhanced photodegradation efficiency of polyethylene‐TiO2 nanocomposite film with oxidized polyethylene wax
Authors: Fa Wenjun , Yang Changjun , Gong Chuqing , Peng Tianyou , Zan Ling 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA novel photodegradable polyethylene‐oxidized polyethylene wax‐TiO2 (PE‐OPW‐TiO2) nanocomposite film was prepared by embedding the organically modified TiO2 nanoparticles into commercial PE in the presence of OPW. The photocatalytic degradation behavior under ultraviolet light or solar light was investigated by examining the weight loss of the composite films, UV–vis transmittance spectrum, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and gel permeation chromatogram (GPC). The results show that OPW, as a dispersant and a compatibiliser, markedly improves the dispersion and compatibility of TiO2 nanoparticles in PE resins. The PE‐OPW‐TiO2 composite film demonstrates much higher photodegradation efficiency and much better mechanical property than either the PE‐TiO2 composite film or the pure PE film. The weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) of the PE‐OPW‐TiO2 composite film decreased 94.3% and the number‐average molecular weight (Mn) decreased 84.5% after 38 days solar light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the film is briefly discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Postnatal Development of the Lamina Reticularis in Primate Airways
Authors: Evans Michael J. , Fanucchi Michelle V. , Plopper Charles G. , Hyde Dallas M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe basement membrane zone (BMZ) appears as three component layers: the lamina lucida, lamina densa, and lamina reticularis. The laminas lucida and densa are present during all stages of development. The lamina reticularis appears during postnatal development. Collagens I, III, and V form heterogeneous fibers that account for the thickness of the lamina reticularis. Additionally, there are three proteoglycans considered as integral components of the BMZ: perlecan, collagen XVIII, and bamacan. Perlecan is the predominant heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the airway BMZ. It is responsible for many of the functions attributed to the BMZ, in particular, trafficking of growth factors and cytokines between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Growth factor binding sites on perlecan include FGF‐1, FGF‐2, FGF‐7, FGF‐10, PDGF, HGF, HB‐EGF, VEGF, and TGF‐β. Growth factors pass through the BMZ when moving between the epithelial and mesenchymal cell layers. They move by rapid reversible binding with sites on both the heparan sulfate chains and core protein of perlecan. In this manner, perlecan regulates movement of growth factors between tissues. Another function of the BMZ is storage and regulation of FGF‐2. FGF‐2 has been shown to be involved with normal growth and thickening of the BMZ. Thickening of the BMZ is a feature of airway remodeling in asthma. It may have a positive effect by protecting against airway narrowing and air trapping. Conversely, it may have a negative effect by influencing trafficking of growth factors in the epithelial mesenchymal trophic unit. However, currently the significance of BMZ thickening is not known. Anat Rec, 293:947–954, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heparan Sulfates in the Lung: Structure, Diversity, and Role in Pulmonary Emphysema
Authors: Smits Nicole C. , Shworak Nicholas W. , Dekhuijzen P.N. Richard , van Kuppevelt Toin H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThere is an emerging interest in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the lung, especially in the role it plays in development and disease. There is a rapid change from the classical view of the ECM as a supporting structure towards a view of the ECM as a regulatory entity with profound effects on proliferation, migration, and differentiation of pulmonary cells. In the ECM, a variety of molecules is present in a highly organized pattern. Next to the abundant fiber‐forming molecules such as collagens and elastin, a large number of less abundant molecules are part of the ECM, including proteoglycans. In this review, we will focus on one class of proteoglycans, the heparan sulfate proteoglycans. We will particularly address the structure, biosynthesis, and function of their saccharide moiety, the heparan sulfates, including their role in development and (patho)physiology. Anat Rec, 293:955–967, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RFLP analysis and allelic discrimination with real‐time PCR using the human lactase persistence trait
Authors: Weinlander Kenneth M. , Hall David J. , De Stasio Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe describe here two open‐ended laboratory investigations for an undergraduate laboratory course that uses students' DNA as templates for quantitative real‐time PCR and for traditional PCR followed by RFLP analysis. Students are captivated by the immediacy of the application and the relevance of the genotypes and traits, lactase persistence or nonpersistence, under study. Concepts ranging from nucleotide polymorphisms to natural selection can be demonstrated and reinforced by these laboratories. Students have a high degree of success with the laboratories and both objective and self‐assessments of student learning indicate that concepts and techniques are better understood following implementation of these laboratory investigations.
A research‐based laboratory course designed to strengthen the research‐teaching nexus
Authors: Parra Karlett J. , Osgood Marcy P. , Pappas Donald L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe describe a 10‐week laboratory course of guided research experiments thematically linked by topic, which had an ultimate goal of strengthening the undergraduate research‐teaching nexus. This undergraduate laboratory course is a direct extension of faculty research interests. From DNA isolation, characterization, and mutagenesis, to protein expression and structural analysis, the research protocols were adapted to suit the weekly 3‐hour biochemistry course. The experiments described are flexible and hypothesis driven, allowing original research to be conducted. Students gain practice in some of the most common techniques used in biochemistry and molecular biology, including minipreps and DNA spectrophometric analysis, DNA restriction digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis, PCR mutagenesis, DNA sequencing analyses, E. coli transformations, whole cell protein extractions, SDS‐PAGE, immunoblots, molecular modeling, and bioinformatics. The studies that begun in the classroom were continued in the research laboratory by undergraduate students, and eventually, the results were published in peer reviewed research articles. This research‐educational program effectively integrated basic research endeavors into the undergraduate curriculum. It proved to be synergistic by nature: research stimulated teaching and teaching supported research. In our experience, this is an effective mechanism to conduct productive research while satisfying teaching duties in undergraduate institutions, where scholarly research is expected but teaching is the primary mission.