bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activating Knowledge for Patient Safety Practices: A Canadian Academic‐Policy Partnership
Authors: Harrison Margaret B. , Nicklin Wendy , Owen Marie , Godfrey Christina , McVeety Janice , Angus Val 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: Over the past decade, the need for healthcare delivery systems to identify and address patient safety issues has been propelled to the forefront. A Canadian survey, for example, demonstrated patient safety to be a major concern of frontline nurses (Nicklin & McVeety 2002). Three crucial patient safety elements, current knowledge, resources, and context of care have been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO 2009). To develop strategies to respond to the scope and mandate of the WHO report within the Canadian context, a pan‐Canadian academic‐policy partnership has been established.Approach: This newly formed Pan‐Canadian Partnership, the Queen's Joanna Briggs Collaboration for Patient Safety (referred throughout as “QJBC” or “the Partnership”), includes the Queen's University School of Nursing, Accreditation Canada, the Canadian Patient Safety Institute (CPSI), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and is supported by an active and committed advisory council representing over 10 national organizations representing all sectors of the health continuum, including patients/families advocacy groups, professional associations, and other bodies. This unique partnership is designed to provide timely, focused support from academia to the front line of patient safety.QJBC has adopted an “integrated knowledge translation” approach to identify and respond to patient safety priorities and to ensure active engagement with stakeholders in producing and using available knowledge. Synthesis of evidence and guideline adaptation methodologies are employed to access quantitative and qualitative evidence relevant to pertinent patient safety questions and subsequently, to respond to issues of feasibility, meaningfulness, appropriateness/acceptability, and effectiveness.Summary: This paper describes the conceptual grounding of the Partnership, its proposed methods, and its plan for action. It is hoped that our journey may provide some guidance to others as they develop patient safety models within their own arenas.
Sudden near‐fatal tracheal aspiration of an undiagnosed nasal foreign body in a small child
Authors: Mishra Pragnyadipta , Bhakta Pradipta , Kumar Sudesh , Al Abri Rashid , Burad Jyoti 
Published: December 2011

AbstractForeign body aspiration is a commonly encountered emergency in children. Foreign body can lodge in any site from supra‐glottis to the terminal bronchioles. Symptoms might range from none to respiratory compromise, cardiac arrest and even death depending on location and size. We report successful management of a child who aspirated a nasal foreign body during physical examination in an outpatient department causing complete airway obstruction with special mention about different management options available for managing near total respiratory arrest from an aspirated foreign body in the ED.
Aberrant expression and clinical correlation of Notch signaling molecules in breast cancer of Chinese population
Authors: MA Daoxin , DONG Xuebin , ZANG Shaolei , MA Rong , ZHAO Ping , GUO Dongmei , DAI Jianjian , CHEN Feng , YE Jingjing , JI Chunyan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAims:  Notch signaling molecules play crucial roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis, yet their function in breast cancer remains unclear.Methods:  Samples and clinical data from 62 breast cancer patients were collected. After total RNA isolation, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was applied to analyze the expression of Notch receptors (Notch1, Notch3 and Notch4) and ligands (DLL4 and JAG1), and their clinical association. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the intracellular domain of Notch1 (Notch1‐IC) expression.Results:  Notch1 was the dominant receptor while DLL4 was the dominant ligand. The Notch molecules expression pattern for infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) was similar to that for infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) except for JAG1, while Notch1 standard coefficients in ILC were statistically higher than that in IDC. Immunohistochemical results showed that Notch1‐IC protein expression paralleled the mRNA level. Breast cancer patients' clinical parameters suggested that Notch1 expression was higher in stage II disease and lower in more advanced stages. The Notch3 positive rate was higher in patients with lower levels of Notch1, and the Notch3 positive rate was lower in patients with higher levels of Notch1. No apparent correlation of Notch molecules with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) was found. Though high Notch1 and Notch3 RNA levels tended to correlate with c‐erbB2 expression, no statistical significance was found.Conclusion:  Notch molecules are useful biomarkers in breast cancer especially for Notch1 and DLL4, and Notch1 is expressed differently in different stages of human breast cancer.
Expression of telomere binding proteins in gastric cancer and correlation with clinicopathological parameters
Authors: GAO Jinbo , ZHANG Jinghui , LONG Yaoping , LU Xiaoming 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of telomere repeat binding factor 1 (TRF1), TRF2 and protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) in gastric cancer and their relationships with clinicopathological features and telomerase activity.Methods:  In total 36 gastric cancer tissue and paired adjacent normal tissue were analyzed. The mRNA expression of telomere binding proteins TRF1, TRF2 and POT1 were measured using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and telomerase activity was assessed by the telomeric repeat amplification protocol/enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method.Results:  The expression of POT1 was significantly higher in tumor tissue than in adjacent normal tissue (P < 0.001). Levels of TRF2 mRNA were significantly higher in bigger tumors (diameter ≥ 5 cm) than in small tumors (diameter < 5 cm) (P = 0.043). POT1 mRNA transcription levels were higher in tumors with lymph nodes metastases than in those without lymph nodes metastases (P = 0.048). POT1 expression was significantly correlated with tumor stage (P = 0.008). A higher level of expression of POT1 was observed in late‐stage tumors (III, IV) than in early stage tumors (I, II). Telomerase activity was significantly higher in gastric cancers than in corresponding normal tissue (P < 0.001). Moreover, POT1 expression was significantly positive correlated with telomerase activity (r = 0.572, P < 0.01).Conclusion:  POT1 was overexpressed in gastric cancer and may be associated with stomach carcinogenesis and gastric cancer progression.
Endothelial cell damage induces a blood–alveolus barrier breakdown in the development of radiation‐induced lung injury
Authors: QIU Jun , LI Jian , HE Tian‐Chu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim:  To investigate the role of endothelial cell damage in radiation‐induced lung injury.Methods:  A total of 60 male Sprague–Dawley rats were irradiated to the right hemithorax with a single dose of 0, 7.0 or 14.4 Gy. Serial studies were performed before and at 1, 7, 30 and 90 days after radiation, respectively. Pathological studies were carried out to detect changes in the lung after irradiation. Western blot studies were conducted to detect the expression of CD34 and of CD105 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).Results:  Compared to controls, the irradiated rat lung showed a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent decrease in the expression of CD34. The level of CD105 was significantly reduced by irradiation except at 90 days after radiation. The expression of VEGF increased 1 day after radiation, and then decreased from day 30 onwards, to be lower than the control group at 90 days. Pulmonary fibrosis was observed at 90 days after 14.4 Gy exposure; however, most of these phenomena were not observed in the 7.0 Gy group.Conclusion:  These results support the notion that endothelial cells play an important role in radiation‐induced lung injury, and may be critical to breakdown of the blood–alveolus barrier and microcirculation dysfunction related to radiation‐induced inflammation and fibrosis.
STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES TREATED WITH GAMMA RADIATION, PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD AND ULTRA‐HIGH PRESSURE
Authors: MOHAMED HUSSEIN M.H. , DIONO BEATRICE H.S. , YOUSEF AHMED E. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the mode of action of gamma (γ) radiation, pulsed electric field (PEF) and ultra‐high pressure (UHP) against targeted pathogens should help improve implementation of these technologies. Listeria monocytogenes Scott A was treated with γ radiation, PEF and UHP at doses that caused equal lethality (3‐log inactivation). These doses were 0.57 kGy at 5C (γ radiation), 30 kV/cm at 22C for 216 µs (PEF) and 400 MPa at 24 ± 1C for 6 min (UHP). When structural changes in cells of L. monocytogenes were compared using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the nucleoid region of γ ‐irradiated cells appeared to have spread throughout the cytoplasm. UHP‐treated cells showed aggregated cytoplasm, indicating extensive protein denaturing. Structural differences between PEF‐treated and untreated cells were minimal, as revealed by TEM. Electrophoresis of genomic DNA from γ‐irradiated L. monocytogenes showed considerable fragmentation. These DNA lesions were not detected when L. monocytogenes was treated with PEF or UHP. When irradiated cells were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, the banding pattern changed into smearing. In conclusion, γ radiation, PEF and UHP targeted different loci in the cell, and thus synergy between these treatments against L. monocytogenes is likely.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSRecently, there is an increase in the use of gamma (γ) radiation and ultra‐high pressure (UHP) in food processing as alternatives to heat. Other promising technologies, such as pulsed electric field (PEF), are in the experimental stage. This is a side‐by‐side investigation of γ radiation, UHP and PEF that helps in understanding the mechanism of bacterial inactivation by these technologies. The study could also help food processors in determining the suitability of these technologies for particular applications.
Size and Characteristic of Housing Bubbles in China's Major Cities: 1999–2010
Authors: Yu Huayi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThere is some disagreement in the published literature regarding the definition and the measurement of housing bubbles in China. Extending the analytical framework of Black et al. (2006), the present paper measures the housing bubbles of China's 35 major cities from the second quarter of 1999 to the second quarter of 2010. The results indicate that the housing bubbles in China's 35 major cities were relatively small in the sample interval, but the bubbles in eastern metropolises, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou and Ningbo, have been relatively big since 2005. The changing tendency of housing bubbles in most cities highly corresponds with the changes in real estate policies. This paper decomposes the housing bubbles of the 35 cities, and finds a great proportion of irrational bubbles rather than rational intrinsic bubbles generated by price speculation. Based on empirical analysis, this paper proposes policy recommendations for preventing the generation and expansion of housing bubbles.
Excess Liquidity, Housing Price Booms and Policy Challenges in China
Authors: Guo Shen , Li Chen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIncorporating asymmetric cost and benefit of supplying excess liquidity into an otherwise standard time inconsistency model, this paper offers an explanation of the excess liquidity and housing price booms recently experienced in China. We find that the central bank's incentive to stimulate economic growth with excess liquidity fuels real estate prices and accelerates inflation bias. Therefore, the central bank should free itself from the pressure to achieve an economic growth rate higher than the potential level, and assign an appropriate weight to the real estate price fluctuations in the central bank's objective function, so that the central bank's policy of stimulating economic growth with excess liquidity can be constrained.
Estimation of China's Embodied CO2 Emissions during 2000–2009
Authors: Ma Shuzhong , Chen Ying 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe problem of CO2 embodied in international trade has attracted increasing attention in China. To analyze this issue, the present paper directly calculates emission factors for 15 industries in 2002, 2005 and 2007. We then examine a consumption‐based system and a single‐region input–output model to estimate China's embodied emissions during 2000–2009. Our results show that, when a consumption‐based system is adopted, China's emissions are lower than those reported by some international organizations. The rapid growth in China's exports is a key determinant of China's rising total emissions. All countries should strengthen their cooperation in improving their current greenhouse gas inventories. Furthermore, China needs to encourage trade in low‐carbon products and technology.
Arbeitgebereinstellungen zu Compliance im Bereich der Sozialversicherung in Schanghai
Authors: Nyland Chris , Thomson S. Bruce , Zhu Cherrie J. 
Published: December 2011

AuszugArbeitgeber zu bewegen, ihre Verpflichtungen im Rahmen der Sozialversicherung zu erfüllen (Compliance), ist in Schwellenländern mit schwacher Regulierung eine besonders schwierige Aufgabe. Unter Verwendung qualitativer Erkenntnisse aus acht in Schanghai in der Volksrepublik China durchgeführten Fallstudien wird in diesem Artikel untersucht, wie Arbeitgeber auf Versuche des Staates reagieren, sie zu erwünschtem Verhalten in Bezug auf die Sozialversicherung zu animieren. Aus den Wahrnehmungen und Reaktionen der Arbeitgeber auf die etablierten politischen Handlungskonzepte und Regulierungsstrukturen ließen sich fünf Problembereiche ableiten: Ausarbeitung einer wirksamen Politik, gleiche Ausgangsbedingungen, Kostenkontrolle, Unternehmensreputation sowie Personalanwerbung und ‐bindung. Ferner lassen die Ergebnisse darauf schließen, dass es drei Unternehmensmerkmale gibt, die das Verhalten beeinflussen könnten: Risikofaktoren, Qualifikationen der Beschäftigten und Besitzverhältnis. Es wurde damit gerechnet, dass sich die Unternehmensgröße auf das Compliance‐Verhalten auswirkt; diesbezüglich ließ sich jedoch kein eindeutiges Muster nachweisen.
Beitragseinziehung und Beitragspflicht in der sozialen Sicherheit: Verbesserung der Governance zur Ausweitung des Sozialschutzes
Authors: Enoff Louis D. , McKinnon Roddy 
Published: December 2011

AuszugGestützt auf Umfragedaten von Organisationen der sozialen Sicherheit und weiterer Stellen zur Beitragseinziehung will dieser Artikel die Weitergabe von Wissen und guter Praxis in der Beitragserhebung und Durchsetzung der Einhaltung der damit einhergehenden Beitragsbestimmungen fördern. Während die Beitragserhebung und Einhaltung der Bestimmungen eine große Bedeutung für Sozialschutz, Politik und Steuern haben, stellt der vorliegende Artikel diese Ziele in den Rahmen einer verwaltungstechnischen Good Governance. Aus der Datenlage ist ersichtlich, dass meist sieben Kernfaktoren gemeinsam die Grundlage für die erfolgreiche Beitragseinziehung und Durchsetzung der Bestimmungen bilden. Ein solcher Erfolg vermag nicht allein eine Verbesserung der Angemessenheit von Leistungen, der finanziellen Solidität und des öffentlichen Ansehens der Programme zu gewährleisten; des Weiteren können damit auch nationale und internationale Bemühungen zur Ausweitung der Deckung durch die soziale Sicherheit unterstützt werden. Letztendlich bestimmt und begrenzt das nationale politische Umfeld den Erfolg und die Dimension eines solchen Vorhabens, worauf die meisten Organisationen der sozialen Sicherheit wenig oder keinen Einfluss haben.
The peripheral adenomatoid odontogenic tumour: a case report
Authors: Bowers L.M. , Cohen D.M. , Fetner A. , Bhattacharyya I. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old male presented with a localised erythematous gingival enlargement of the anterior maxillary gingiva and an associated deep facial pocket. Biopsy specimens were obtained. Histopathological examination of the submitted tissue showed a cystic lining consisting of proliferating odontogenic epithelium with spindle‐shaped cells forming small ductules and well‐formed duct‐like structures lined by pseudo‐stratified columnar epithelium. A diagnosis of peripheral adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (PAOT) was rendered. The PAOT is a rare entity that can present as an erythematous gingival swelling, similar to an epulis or fibroma. Dentists should be aware that unusual pathological entities can have a variety of presentations and that definitive diagnosis may require submission of tissue for histopathological examination.
Rescuers may vary their side of approach to a casualty without impact on cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance
Authors: Jones Christopher M , Thorne Christopher J , Colter Penelope S , Macrae Alison , Brown Gregory A , Hulme Jonathan 
Published: December 2011

AimTo determine whether cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance is influenced by a rescuer's preferred side of approach.MethodsEighty-three first-year healthcare students were enrolled in a prospective randomised crossover study comparing chest compression quality during uninterrupted chest compression CPR after approach from both their preferred and non-preferred sides.ResultsChest compression quality was not dependent on rescuers' sidedness preference; neither mean compression rate and depth nor hand positioning differed between sides of approach.ConclusionsNo link exists between the side from which a rescuer approaches, or prefers to approach, a casualty and chest compression quality.
Safety and efficiency of triaging low urgent self-referred patients to a general practitioner at an acute care post: an observational study
Authors: van der Straten Lieke M , van Stel Henk F , Spee Frans J M , Vreeburg Marleen E , Schrijvers Augustinus J P , Sturms Leontien M 
Published: December 2011

ObjectiveTo assess the safety and efficiency of triaging low urgent self-referred patients at the emergency department (ED) to a general practitioner (GP) based on the Manchester triage system (MTS).MethodsAll self-referred patients in the evening, night and weekends were included in this prospective observational study. Patients were triaged by an ED nurse according to the MTS and allocated to a GP or the ED according to a predefined care scheme. For patients treated by the GP, assessments were made of safety as measured by hospitalisation and return to the ED within 2 weeks, and efficiency as measured by referral to the ED.ResultsIn 80% of cases allocation of the self-referrals to the ED or GP was according to a predefined scheme. Of the 3129 low urgent self-referred patients triaged to the GP, 2840 (90.8%) were sent home, 202 (6.5%) were directly referred to the ED, 36 (1.2%) were hospitalised. Within a random sample of low urgent patients sent home by the GP (222 of 2840), 8 (3.6%) returned to the ED within 2 weeks. Against the agreed MTS scheme, the ED also directly treated 664 low urgent patients, mainly for extremity problems (n=512). Despite the care agreements, 227 urgent patients were treated by the GP, with a referral rate to the ED of 18.1%, a hospitalisation rate of 4.0% and a 4.5% return rate to the ED within 2 weeks.ConclusionsLow urgent self-referrals, with the exception of extremity problems, were shown to be treated efficiently and safely by a GP. A selected group of more urgent patients also seem to be handled adequately by the GP. Triage of low urgent patients with extremity problems and reasons for nurses not following a predefined triage allocation scheme need further elaboration.
A METHOD FOR FACE RECOGNITION USING IMAGE REGISTRATION
Authors: GILLAN STEVEN , AGATHOKLIS PANAJOTIS 
Published: December 2011

This paper presents a technique for face recognition that is based on image registration. The face recognition technique consists of three parts: a training part, an image registration part and a post-processing part. The image registration technique is based on finding a set of feature points in the two images and using these feature points for registration. This is done in four steps. In the first, images are filtered with the Mexican-hat wavelet to obtain the feature point locations. In the second, the Zernike moments of neighborhoods around the feature points are calculated and compared in the third step to establish correspondence between feature points in the two images. In the fourth, the transformation parameters between images are obtained using an iterative least squares technique to eliminate outliers.1,2 During training, a set of images are chosen as the training images and the Zernike moments for the feature points of the training images are obtained and stored. The choice of training images depends on the changes of poses and illumination that are expected. In the registration part, the transformation parameters to register the training images with the images under consideration are obtained. In the post-processing, these transformation parameters are used to determine whether a valid match is found or not. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using various face databases3–5 and it is compared with the performance of existing techniques. Results indicate that the proposed technique gives excellent results for face recognition in conditions of varying pose, illumination, background and scale.
Resolution of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Rescues Coronary Collateral Growth in Zucker Obese Fatty Rats
Authors: Pung Yuh Fen , Rocic Petra , Murphy Michael P. , Smith Robin A.J. , Hafemeister Jennifer , Ohanyan Vahagn , Guarini Giacinta , Yin Liya , Chilian William M. 
Published: December 2011

Objective—

We have previously found abrogated ischemia-induced coronary collateral growth in Zucker obese fatty (ZOF) rats compared with Zucker lean (ZLN) rats. Because ZOF rats have structural abnormalities in their mitochondria suggesting dysfunction and also show increased production of O
2
̇̄, we hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress impairs coronary collateral growth in ZOF.

Methods and Results—
Increased levels of reactive oxygen species were observed in aortic endothelium and smooth muscle cells in ZOF rats compared with ZLN rats. Reactive oxygen species levels were decreased by the mitochondria-targeted antioxidants MitoQuinone (MQ) and MitoTempol (MT) as assessed by MitoSox Red and dihydroethidine staining. Lipid peroxides (a marker of oxidized lipids) were increased in ZOF by ≈47% compared with ZLN rats. The elevation in oxidative stress was accompanied by increased antioxidant enzymes, except glutathione peroxidase-1, and by increased uncoupling protein-2 in ZOF versus ZLN rats. In addition, elevated respiration rates were also observed in the obese compared with lean rats. Administration of MQ significantly normalized the metabolic profiles and reduced lipid peroxides in ZOF rats to the same level observed in lean rats. The protective effect of MQ also suppressed the induction of uncoupling protein-2 in the obese rats. Resolution of mitochondrial oxidative stress by MQ or MT restored coronary collateral growth to the same magnitude observed in ZLN rats in response to repetitive ischemia.

Conclusion—
We conclude that mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction play a key role in disrupting coronary collateral growth in obesity and the metabolic syndrome, and elimination of the mitochondrial oxidative stress with MQ or MT rescues collateral growth.