bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal wound healing/regeneration following the application of rhGDF‐5 in a β‐TCP/PLGA carrier in critical‐size supra‐alveolar periodontal defects in dogs
Authors: Kwon David H. , Bisch Frederick C. , Herold Robert W. , Pompe Cornelius , Bastone Patrizia , Rodriguez Nancy A. , Susin Cristiano , Wikesjö Ulf ME 
Published: May 2010

Kwon DH, Bisch FC, Herold RW, Pompe C, Bastone P, Rodriguez NA, Susin C, Wikesjö UM. Periodontal wound healing/regeneration following application of rhGDF‐5 in a β‐TCP/PLGA carrier in critical‐size supra‐alveolar periodontal defects in dogs. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 667–674. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01569.x.AbstractAim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a novel recombinant human GDF‐5 (rhGDF‐5) construct intended for onlay and inlay indications on periodontal wound healing/regeneration.Methods: Contralateral, surgically created, critical‐size, 6‐mm, supra‐alveolar periodontal defects in five adult Hound Labrador mongrel dogs received rhGDF‐5 coated onto β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) particles and immersed in a bioresorbable poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) composite or the β‐TCP/PLGA carrier alone (control). The rhGDF‐5 and control constructs were moulded around the teeth and allowed to set. The gingival flaps were then advanced; flap margins were adapted 3–4 mm coronal to the teeth and sutured. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks post‐surgery when block biopsies were collected for histometric analysis.Results: Healing was generally uneventful. A few sites exhibited minor exposures. Three control sites and one rhGDF‐5 site (in separate animals) experienced more extensive wound dehiscencies. The rhGDF‐5 and control constructs were easy to apply and exhibited adequate structural integrity to support the mucoperiosteal flaps in this challenging onlay model. Limited residual β‐TCP particles were observed at 8 weeks for both rhGDF‐5/β‐TCP/PLGA and β‐TCP/PLGA control sites. The rhGDF‐5/β‐TCP/PLGA sites showed significantly greater cementum (2.34 ± 0.44 versus 1.13 ± 0.25 mm, p=0.02) and bone (2.92 ± 0.66 versus 1.21 ± 0.30 mm, p=0.02) formation compared with the carrier control. Limited ankylosis was observed in four of five rhGDF‐5/β‐TCP/PLGA sites but not in control sites.Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that rhGDF‐5 is a promising candidate technology in support of periodontal wound healing/regeneration. Carrier and rhGDF‐5 dose optimization are necessary before further advancement of the technology towards clinical evaluation.
High‐density areas for harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) identified by satellite tracking
Authors: Sveegaard Signe , Teilmann Jonas , Tougaard Jakob , Dietz Rune , Mouritsen Kim N. , Desportes Geneviève , Siebert Ursula 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe population status of harbor porpoises has been of concern for several years, and the establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) has been suggested as a method to protect the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena, Linneaus 1758) and other small cetaceans. In order to designate MPAs, high‐density areas for the species must be identified. Spatial distribution of small cetaceans is usually assessed from ship or aerial surveys. As a potentially more accurate alternative, this study examined the movements and area preferences of 64 harbor porpoises, satellite tagged between 1997 and 2007, in order to determine the distribution in the North Sea, the western Baltic, and the waters in between. Results show that harbor porpoises are not evenly distributed, but congregate in nine high‐density areas within the study area. Several of these areas are subject to significant seasonal variation. The study found no differences in the home range size of males and females, but immature harbor porpoises have larger home ranges than mature porpoises. The use of satellite telemetry for identifying areas of high harbor porpoise density can be of key importance when designating MPAs.
Estimated field metabolic rates and prey requirements of resident killer whales
Authors: Noren Dawn P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractKiller whales are large animals that often feed in groups and thus have the potential to deplete prey populations. Determining predator energy requirements is essential to assessing whether prey availability is sufficient. This is important because one risk factor facing the endangered Southern Resident killer whale distinct population segment is limited prey availability. Body mass, field metabolic rate (FMR), and daily prey energy requirements (DPERs) were estimated for each individual in the population. FMRs were calculated from body mass, assuming they range from five to six times Kleiber‐predicted basal metabolic rates. FMRs of adults were also calculated from resident killer whale activity budgets and the metabolic cost of swimming at speeds associated with daily activities. These two methods yielded similar results. Total FMRs varied by age and sex, which is partly due to the long developmental period and sexual dimorphism in killer whales. FMRs for males (465–4,434 kg) ranged from 35,048 to 228,216 kcal/d while FMRs for females (465–3,338 kg) ranged from 35,048 to 184,444 kcal/d. DPERs were calculated from FMRs assuming a standard digestive efficiency. Corresponding DPERs ranged from 41,376 to 269,458 kcal/d and 41,376 to 217,775 kcal/d, respectively.
Role of the Protein Cavity in Phytochrome Chromoprotein Assembly and Double‐bond Isomerization: A Comparison with Model Compounds
Authors: Rohmer Thierry , Lang Christina , Gärtner Wolfgang , Hughes Jon , Matysik Jörg 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDifference patterns of 13C NMR chemicals shifts for the protonation of a free model compound in organic solution, as reported in the literature (M. Stanek, K. Grubmayr [1998] Chem. Eur. J.4, 1653–1659), were compared with changes in the protonation state occurring during holophytochrome assembly from phycocyanobilin (PCB) and the apoprotein. Both processes induce identical changes in the NMR signals, indicating that the assembly process is linked to protonation of the chromophore, yielding a cationic cofactor in a heterogeneous, quasi‐liquid protein environment. The identity of both difference patterns implies that the protonation of a model compound in solution causes a partial stretching of the geometry of the macrocycle as found in the protein. In fact, the similarity of the difference pattern within the bilin family for identical chemical transformations represents a basis for future theoretical analysis. On the other hand, the change of the 13C NMR chemical shift pattern upon the Pr → Pfr photoisomerization is very different to that of the free model compound upon ZZZ → ZZE photoisomerization. Hence, the character of the double‐bond isomerization in phytochrome is essentially different from that of a classical photoinduced double‐bond isomerization, emphasizing the role of the protein environment in the modulation of this light‐induced process.
Prostaglandin‐E2 is produced by adult human epidermal melanocytes in response to UVB in a melanogenesis‐independent manner
Authors: Gledhill Karl , Rhodes Lesley E. , Brownrigg Margaret , Haylett Ann K. , Masoodi Mojgan , Thody Anthony J. , Nicolaou Anna , Tobin Desmond J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryExcessive ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure induces erythema, mediated in part by prostaglandin‐E2 (PGE2). While keratinocytes are a major PGE2 source, epidermal melanocytes (EM) also express PGE2‐production machinery. It is unclear whether EM‐produced PGE2 contributes to UVR‐induced skin inflammation, and whether this is correlated with melanogenesis. Epidermal melanocytes were cultured from skin phototype‐1 and ‐4 donors, followed by assessment of PGE2 production and melanogenesis. Epidermal melanocytes expressed cytoplasmic phospholipase‐A2, cyclooxygenase‐1, cytoplasmic prostaglandin‐E synthase and microsomal prostaglandin‐E synthase‐1, ‐2. Epidermal melanocytes produced PGE2 under basal conditions, which increased further after arachidonic acid stimulation. Epidermal melanocytes expressed cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) mRNA and a selective COX‐2 inhibitor (NS‐398) reduced PGE2 production. Ultraviolet B‐induced PGE2 production was positively correlated with skin phototype‐1, despite variability between individual EM donors. By contrast, there was no correlation between PGE2 production by EM and their melanogenic status. Thus, EM may contribute to UVR‐induced erythema, with role of donor skin phototype more important than their melanogenic status.
A cadaver study comparing two approaches to perform a maxillary nerve block in the horse
Authors: BARDELL D. , IFF I. , MOSING M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study: Anaesthesia of the maxillary nerve of the horse has been described using several approaches, but sparse data exist to evaluate the accuracy of these methods.Objectives: This study compared 2 previously described approaches to the maxillary nerve to assess their relative accuracies.Methods: Thirty severed heads from horse cadavers were arranged to approximate the position of a live horse. Methylene blue (0.25 or 0.1 ml) was injected using a 19 gauge 90 mm spinal needle by one of 2 approaches, the method used being randomly allocated in each instance. Method ANG: angulated needle insertion on the ventral border of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and directed rostromedially. Method PER: needle inserted perpendicular to the skin surface, ventral to the zygomatic process of the malar bone, level with the temporal canthus of the eye. Accuracy of dye deposition was assessed following dissection. Placement was categorised as ‘full hit’ (complete nerve coverage or dye deposition centred on nerve), ‘partial hit’ (partial nerve discolouration but dye not centred on nerve) or ‘miss’ (no nerve discolouration). Deposition of dye relative to the nerve and whether injection was performed on the left or right side of the head was recorded. A Chi‐squared test was performed to examine the relationship between the 2 methods.Results: Method ANG was performed 31 times, Method PER 28 times. Full hits were 10/31 (32%) vs. 9/28 (32%), partial hits 15/31 (49%) vs. 14/28 (50%) and misses 6/31 (19%) vs. 5/28 (18%) (Methods ANG vs. PER, respectively). Results were not statistically significantly different between the methods. Dye was deposited in the deep facial vein once by each method. Bone was contacted consistently with Method PER and 8/31 times with Method ANG.Conclusion and clinical relevance: Both methods appeared equivalent in terms of accuracy. Aspiration should always precede injection.
Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, adenosine 5-monophosphate, mannitol, eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea and field exercise challenge in elite cross-country skiers
Authors: Sue-Chu Malcolm , Brannan John D , Anderson Sandra D , Chew Nora , Bjermer Leif 
Published: May 2010

BackgroundMethacholine hyperresponsiveness is prevalent in elite athletes. Comparative studies have hitherto been limited to methacholine, eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea and exercise. This study investigated airway responsiveness to these stimuli as well as to adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) and mannitol, in 58 cross-country ski athletes.MethodsExhaled nitric oxide concentration (FENO), spirometry and bronchial challenge in random order with methacholine, AMP and mannitol were consecutively performed on three study days in the autumn. Specific IgE to eight aeroallergens and a self-completed questionnaire about respiratory symptoms, allergy and asthmatic medication were also performed on day 1. Eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) and field exercise tests were randomly performed in 33 of the skiers on two study days in the following winter.ResultsOf 25 (43%) skiers with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), 23, five and three skiers were hyperresponsive to methacholine, AMP and mannitol, respectively. Methacholine hyperresponsiveness was more prevalent in subjects without asthma-like symptoms. The FENO was not significantly different in skiers with and without methacholine hyperresponsiveness. Four of 14 skiers with and four of 19 skiers without methacholine hyperresponsiveness were hyperresponsive to EVH or exercise challenge. AHR to any stimulus was present in 16 asymptomatic and nine symptomatic skiers. Asthma-like symptoms were not correlated with AHR to any stimulus.ConclusionsMethacholine hyperresponsiveness is more common in asymptomatic skiers and is a poor predictor of hyperresponsiveness to mannitol and hyperpnoea. The low prevalence of hyperresponsiveness to indirect stimuli may suggest differences in the pathogenesis of methacholine hyperresponsiveness in elite skiers and non-athletes.
Growth and mortality following partial cutting in a trembling aspen – conifer stand: results after 10 years
Authors: Prévost Marcel , Dumais Daniel , Pothier David 
Published: May 2010

We present the effects, 10 years after treatment, of different cutting intensities (removal of 0%, 35%, 50%, 65%, and 100% of basal area (BA)) on the response of residual trees in a 60-year-old mixed aspen–conifer stand in Quebec, Canada. While decennial mortality reached 170 stems·ha–1 under natural conditions (control, 24 m2·ha–1 BA), the removal of mature trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) trees reduced hardwood losses to 125, 105, and 0 stems·ha–1, respectively, in the 35%, 50%, and 65% cuttings, without affecting losses of coniferous species (≤25 stems·ha–1). The growth response of conifers was generally higher than that of broad-leaved species. For hardwoods, the decennial gains in merchantable BA decreased with respect to the control (3.2 m2·ha–1), to 1.2 m2·ha–1 in the 35% cut and to 0.9 m2·ha–1 in the 50% cut, but increased under the 65% cut (2.5 m2·ha–1). For conifers, gains were proportional to removal in partial cuts (2.6–4.9 m2·ha–1) and lower in the control (1.7 m2·ha–1). As a whole, our results suggest that partial cutting may be an effective means of increasing growth of the softwood proportion occupying the intermediate and suppressed strata in a mixed aspen-dominated stand.
Frequency of root grafting in naturally and artificially regenerated stands of Pinus banksiana: influence of site characteristics
Authors: Tarroux Emilie , DesRochers Annie 
Published: May 2010

We investigated the frequency of root grafting in naturally and artificially regenerated stands of jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in the western boreal forest of Quebec, Canada. Twelve 30–60 m2 plots were hydraulically excavated to determine effects of site characteristics on frequency and timing of root grafting. Naturally regenerated stands had grafted tree percentages similar to artificially regenerated stands (21%–71% across plots) but greater numbers of root grafts per tree (naturally regenerated, 0.73 graft·tree–1; artificially regenerated, 0.52 graft·tree–1). Mean percentages of grafted trees, number of grafts per tree, and the speed of graft formation were greater in sandy soils (61%, 0.71 graft·tree–1 and 2.43 years, respectively) compared with clay soils (44%, 0.54 graft·tree–1 and 2.97 years, respectively). Proximity of trees was a better predictor of root grafting than stand density, despite many root grafts being found with distant trees (>2 m) in artificially regenerated stands. Our results suggested that root grafts form early in stand development. Even if trees are initially separate entities, this relatively high level of root grafting produces stands where trees are extensively interconnected.
Growth, yield, and structure of extended rotation Pinus resinosa stands in Minnesota, USA
Authors: D’Amato Anthony W. , Palik Brian J. , Kern Christel C. 
Published: May 2010

Extended rotations are increasingly used to meet ecological objectives on forestland; however, information about long-term growth and yield of these systems is lacking for most forests in North America. Additionally, long-term growth responses to repeated thinnings in older stands have received little attention. We addressed these needs by examining the growth and yield of red pine ( Pinus resinosa Ait.) in a growing stock experiment in northern Minnesota. Stands were 85 years old at the onset of this experiment and were repeatedly thinned to five levels of basal area (13.8, 18.4, 23.0, 27.5, and 32.1 m2·ha–1) over 58 years. Cumulative volume production and volume growth were lowest within the lowest stocking treatment and similar across other stocking levels. Late-successional structural attributes, such as the density of trees with ≥40 cm diameter at breast height, was similar across stocking levels. The mean annual volume growth culminated between 130 and 140 years. Additionally, positive growth responses were observed within the highest stocking-level treatments after thinning at 138 years, demonstrating the ability of older red pine to respond to reductions in competition. These results illustrate that extended rotations with repeated thinnings in red pine help achieve ecological goals, including the restoration of old-forest structure, while also maintaining high levels of stand productivity.
Polymetallic auriferous vein mineralization near Loch Tay, Perthshire, Scotland
Authors: Corkhill Claire , Ixer Robert A. F. , Mason John S. , Irving Duncan , Pattrick Richard A. D. 
Published: May 2010

Synopsis
Vein mineralization hosted by NW-trending joints at Tombuie near Loch Tay, Central Grampians contains base metal sulphides with Au, Bi, Ag and Te bearing phases associated with relatively late stage galena-dominated mineralization. Minerals present include mercurian electrum, tetradymite, altaite, rucklidegeite, hessite and argentian tetrahedrite. The mineralization is similar to that at Calliachar–Urlar and other mineralized localities in the region that form a small metallogenic province partially defined by a Bi stream sediment anomaly.
A Set of Axioms for the Degree of a Tangent Vector Field on Differentiable Manifolds
Authors: Furi Massimo , Pera MariaPatrizia , Spadini Marco 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGiven a tangent vector field on a finite-dimensional real smooth manifold, its degree (also known as characteristic or rotation) is, in some sense, an algebraic count of its zeros and gives useful information for its associated ordinary differential equation. When, in particular, the ambient manifold is an open subset "Equation missing" of "Equation missing", a tangent vector field "Equation missing" on "Equation missing" can be identified with a map "Equation missing", and its degree, when defined, coincides with the Brouwer degree with respect to zero of the corresponding map "Equation missing". As is well known, the Brouwer degree in "Equation missing" is uniquely determined by three axioms called Normalization, Additivity, and Homotopy Invariance. Here we shall provide a simple proof that in the context of differentiable manifolds the degree of a tangent vector field is uniquely determined by suitably adapted versions of the above three axioms.
A Role for BAF57 in Cell Cycle–Dependent Transcriptional Regulation by the SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Complex
Authors: Hah Nasun , Kolkman Annemieke , Ruhl Donald D. , Pijnappel W.W.M. Pim , Heck Albert J.R. , Timmers H.Th. Marc , Kraus W. Lee 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The SWI/SNF complex is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex that plays pivotal roles in gene regulation and cell cycle control. In the present study, we explored the molecular functions of the BAF57 subunit of SWI/SNF in cell cycle control via transcriptional regulation of cell cycle–related genes. We affinity purified SWI/SNF from HeLa cells stably expressing FLAG-tagged BAF47/Ini1 with or without stable short hairpin RNA–mediated knockdown of BAF57. The subunit composition of the holo-SWI/SNF and BAF57-depleted SWI/SNF complexes from these cells was determined using a quantitative SILAC (stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture)–based proteomic approach. Depletion of BAF57 resulted in a significant codepletion of BAF180 from the SWI/SNF complex without decreasing total cellular BAF180 levels. In biochemical assays of SWI/SNF activity, the holo-SWI/SNF and BAF57/BAF180-depleted SWI/SNF complexes exhibited similar activities. However, in cell proliferation assays using HeLa cells, knockdown of BAF57 resulted in an accumulation of cells in the G2-M phase, inhibition of colony formation, and impaired growth in soft agar. Knockdown of BAF57 also caused transcriptional misregulation of various cell cycle–related genes, especially genes involved in late G2. Collectively, our results have identified a new role for BAF57 within the SWI/SNF complex that is required for (a) maintaining the proper subunit composition of the complex and (b) cell cycle progression through the transcriptional regulation of a subset of cell cycle–related genes. Cancer Res; 70(11); 4402–11. ©2010 AACR.
Expression of LIGHT/TNFSF14 Combined with Vaccination against Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 Induces Significant Tumor Regression
Authors: Kanodia Shreya , Da Silva Diane M. , Karamanukyan Tigran , Bogaert Lies , Fu Yang-Xin , Kast W. Martin 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
LIGHT, a ligand for the lymphotoxin-β receptor, establishes lymphoid-like tissues inside tumor sites and recruits naïve T cells into the tumor. However, whether these infiltrating T cells are specific for tumor antigens is not known. We hypothesized that therapy with LIGHT can expand functional tumor-specific CD8+ T cells that can be boosted using HPV16E6E7-Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (HPV16-VRP) and that this combined therapy can eradicate human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16)–induced tumors. Our data show that forced expression of LIGHT in tumors results in an increase in expression of IFNγ and chemoattractant cytokines such as interleukin-1a, MIG, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 within the tumor and that this tumor microenvironment correlates with an increase in frequency of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Forced expression of LIGHT also results in the expansion of functional T cells that recognize multiple tumor antigens, including HPV16 E7, and these T cells prevent the outgrowth of tumors on secondary challenge. Subsequent boosting of E7-specific T cells by vaccination with HPV16-VRP significantly increases their frequency in both the periphery and the tumor and leads to the eradication of large well-established tumors, for which either treatment alone is not successful. These data establish the safety of Ad-LIGHT as a therapeutic intervention in preclinical studies and suggest that patients with HPV16+ tumors may benefit from combined immunotherapy with LIGHT and antigen-specific vaccination. Cancer Res; 70(10); 3955–64. ©2010 AACR.