bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Map arrangement of the SLA chromosomal region and the J and C blood group loci in the pig
Authors: Hradecký J. , Hruban V. , Pazdera J. , Klaudy J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryLinkage studies of three‐point crosses (triple backcross matings) showed that the linear sequence of three of the pig's immunogenetic traits — the SLA major histocompatibility complex and the J and C blood group loci — is SLA‐J‐C. Andresen & Baker (1964) and Rasmusen (1965) described close linkage between the J and C blood group loci and respectively found their recombination frequency to be 5.29 ± 1.1 % and 7.00 ± 3.4 %; by combining the data the exact frequency was determined at 5.75 ± 0.79 % (Muir & Rasmusen, 1974). Later, linkage of the SLA major histocompatibility complex with both J (Hruban et al., 1976) and C (Hruban et al., 1977) erythrocytic loci was found. The maximum tabular lod score values were found in the recombination fraction Θ= 0.10 in comparison of SLA and J and in the fraction Θ= 0.20 in comparison of SLA and C (Hruban et al., 1977).
Genetic variation at a pig serum protein locus, Po‐2 and its assignment to the Phi, Hal, S, H, Pgd linkage group
Authors: Juneja R. K. , Gahne B. , Edfors‐Lilja I. , Andresen E. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTwo‐dimensional agarose gel (pH 5.4)‐polyacrylamide gel (pH 9.0) electropho‐resis of pig serum samples revealed a new serum protein (postalbumin‐2, PO‐2) polymorphism. Family data supported the hypothesis that the three PO‐2 phenotypes observed were controlled by two codominant, autosomal alleles (Po‐2F and Po‐2S) at a single locus. The frequency of Po‐2F in Swedish Landrace and in Swedish Yorkshire breeds was estimated at 0.74 and 0.65, respectively. Evidence was presented for close genetic linkage between Po‐2 and the red cell phospho‐hexose isomerase locus (Phi). A recombination frequency of 3.2 % was obtained from double backcross material. Data obtained in a Danish Landrace material showing linkage between the Po‐2 locus and the H blood group locus, the Pgd locus and Hal (locus for halothane sensitivity) are also given. A total of seven re‐combinants were observed. They show that Po‐2 is a new locus in a previously established linkage group. The likely sequence of the loci is: Phi, Hal, S, H, Po‐2, Pgd.
Linkage disequilibrium between the ELA and the A blood group systems in Standardbred horses
Authors: Bailey Ernest 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe linkage group formed by the ELA and A blood group system in horses was studied in American Standardbred horses. The distance between the ELA locus and the A blood group locus was measured as 1.61 centimorgans. observing only the haplotypes contributed by the sires.Strong linkage disequilibrium was found in pacing Standardbred horses for ELA‐W1 with Aa, ELA‐W5 with Ab and ELA‐W10 with Ab. Linkage disequilibrium was apparent at both the population and family level. Among trotting Standardbred horses, linkage disequilibrium was found for ELA‐W1 with Aa and for ELA‐W10 with Ab. It was not possible to investigate linkage relationships in Thoroughbred horses because of the high frequency of Aa and low frequency of other A system markers.
Allotype polymorphism of serum globulins (Gp system) in pigs
Authors: Janik A. , Hojný J. , Duniec M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBy alloimmunization with whole serum reagents were obtained which revealed two new allotypes, GS and P30, in pigs. Evidence is presented that the allotypes G8, P30 and previously described G4 and G6 are controlled by three complex autoso‐mal allelic genes forming a closed system. For this new allotype system we propose the designation Gp (globulin. pig). For alternative G4‐GS and G6‐P30, forming pairs of mutually exclusive alloantigens. it is proposed to use a standard designation GpA‐Gpa and GpB‐Gpb respectively.
New genetic polymorphism recognized in the prealbumin region of chicken egg yolk1
Authors: Kuryt Jolanta , Gasparska Jolanta 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTwo‐dimensional electrophoretic analysis of water‐soluble proteins of chicken egg yolk was done by a first‐dimension separation in agarose gel (pH 8.6) followed by a second‐dimension separation in horizontal polyacrylamide gel (pH 9.0). Genetic polymorphism of a protein, tentatively designated as Pr M prealbumin, was observed. The analysis of family data suggests that the Pr M prealbumin is controlled by two alleles, Pr M+ and Pr M‐, at a single autosomal locus. The Pr M+ allele appears to be dominant to the Pr M‐ allele.
Characterisation of the α1‐protease inhibitor system in Thoroughbred horse plasma by horizontal two‐dimensional (ISO‐DALT) electrophoresis. 2. Protease inhibition
Authors: C. Pollitt C. , Bell K. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe protease inhibitory spectra of the eight homozygous Thoroughbred Pi types against trypsin, elastase and chymotrypsin have been determined. The α1‐protease inhibitor proteins exhibit three classes of inhibitory specificity towards these enzymes. The Pi types F, I, N and U exhibit class I (trypsin, elastase and chymotrypsin) and class II (trypsin and elastase) types of inhibition and fit Juneja et al.s (1979) classification of two separate genetic systems Pi 1 and Pi 2 based on differences in the inhibitory spectra against trypsin and chymotrypsin. The remaining four Pi types are exceptions to Juneja et al.s (1979) classification. Types G, L, S1 and S2 possess class I but not class II proteins. A third class of proteins (class III) which exclusively inhibit chymotrypsin was detected in all eight protease inhibitor types. Type G is well represented by class III proteins because two of the three major proteins of the ISO‐DALT pattern inhibit only chymotrypsin and is thus an exception to Juneja et al.s (1979) classification.
Protein variation and its systematic implications for the South African Leporidae (Mammalia:Lagomorpha)
Authors: J. Robinson T. , R. Osterhoff D. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAnalysis of 9 genetic loci by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was performed on 203 specimens of South African representatives of the leporid genera Lepus and Pronolagus. Three loci were found to be polymorphic within samples of the various species of both genera: transferrin (Tf‐I), esterase‐1 (Es‐I) and esterase‐2 (Es‐II). Only one system, carbonic anhydrase (CA‐I), proved useful in species identification, this being restricted to the genus Lepus. Based on this system all Lepus specimens analysed would be assigned to one of two groups corresponding to the species L. capensis and L. saxatils.
Phenotypic variations in blood and milk of the Somali camel*
Authors: Di Stasio L. , Cristofori F. , Sartore G. 
Published: August 2010

Summary132 blood samples and 54 milk samples obtained from Somali camel were analysed for red blood cell antigens with the cattle reagents and for Hb, Ca, X proteins, Tf, Alb, Am, SOD, α‐La, β‐Lg and casein systems respectively.Positive lytic reactions were obtained with the anti‐B, ‐Q, ‐Q, ‐W, ‐F1 and ‐J reagents. No biochemical polymorphism was observed except for Hb, X protein and β‐Lg systems.
Aldehyde oxidase and alcohol dehydrogenase genetics in the mouse. New alleles for the Aox‐2 and Adh‐3 loci
Authors: B. Mather Peter , A. Duley John , S. Holmes Roger 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe genetic variability of one of the liver isozymes of aldehyde oxidase (AOX‐B2 or AOX‐2) and the stomach isozyme of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH‐C2) has been examined among strains of mice. Evidence is presented for a fourth allele of Aox‐2 and a third allele of Adh‐3. The hybrid allozyme pattern for mouse liver AOX was consistent with a dimeric subunit structure for this enzyme.
Red cell carbonic anhydrase polymorphism in Indian Zebu cattle and their crossbreds
Authors: Shanker V. , K. Bhayana R. , Bhatia S. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryRed cell carbonic anhydrase (Ca) types were investigated in 750 animals from three zebu, two exotic and three crossbred breeds. A Ca isozyme of slower mobility than the S isozyme was observed in four Sahiwal animals. The gene frequency ofCaS, which was the predominant allele in all the breeds investigated ranged from 0.88 to 1.0.
Isolation and characterization of glycosphingolipids with J blood group activity from bovine spleen1,2
Authors: Oulevey Jacques , Wolfgang Thiele Otto 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTwo glycosphingolipids with J blood group activity were found in J‐positive bovine spleen. They were tentatively identified as ceramide deca‐ and dodecahexosides containing galactose, glucose, N‐acetylgalactosamine and N‐acetylglucosamine in a molar ratio of 5:3:1:1 and 6:3:2:1, respectively. Fucose was not present. Ceramide decahexosides without J activity were also found in J‐negative bovine spleen. The principal component fatty acids of the J‐active glycosphingolipids were saturated even‐numbered long‐chain acids with 16 to 24 C atoms. Their principal long‐chain bases were sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine with smaller amounts of phy‐tosphingosine.Both J‐active glycosphingolipids were readily water‐soluble and showed strong activity in the bovine J and in the porcine A blood group system. They exhibited no cross‐reactivity in the human A system. However, a J‐negatiye glycosphingolipid fraction ‐ also from J‐negative spleen ‐ with shorter carbohydrate chain‐length showed strong activity in the human A system.
On a basic 31 kDa muscle membrane protein in cattle and pig, presumably equivalent to the class II antigen associated p31 molecule
Authors: Thinnes Friedrich Peter , Meyer Anke , von Schwartzenberg Klaus 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn a recent paper we gave evidence by two‐dimensional electrophoresis that, in man, the class II antigen associated glycoprotein p31 (also called Ii, In, M1, DRγ, XMl) is expressed not only in the membranes of B lymphocytes but also in those of muscle, liver and brain. It can therefore be assumed that the p31 is not really associated with the human class II antigens but is a ubiquitous molecule.Here we demonstrate for the first time that the muscle membranes of cattle and pig contain corresponding polypeptides, with a molecular weight of about 31 kDa and an isoelectric point around 7.5, which comigrate in two‐dimensional electrophoresis with p31 derived from the human muscle. Thus, in cattle and pig too, these proteins seem to be equivalent to the class II antigen associated p31, showing a tissue distribution wider than observed up to now. The molecules can be concentrated by ion‐exchange chromatography.
A method for freezing bovine lymphocytes
Authors: Oliver R. A. , Springbett A. J. , Spooner R. L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA simple two‐stage technique for preserving bovine lymphocytes is described. Lymphocytes from animals chosen at random were used. The experiments indicate that the optimum temperature for freezing and the optimum concentration of dime‐thylsulphoxide (DMSO) as cryoprotectant were in the range ‐29 °C to ‐31 °C and 17.5 % to 20 % respectively. These concentrations of DMSO are much greater than those reported in most other studies.
Relationships between the bovine major histocompatibility system and commonly recognized erythrocyte and serum polymorphisms
Authors: J. Stear M. , Bell K. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryLinkage at a recombination frequency of 0.10 or less between the bovine major histocompatibility system and the B, C and L red blood cell groups and the albumin, haemoglobin and transferrin loci was excluded by Morton's lod score method. The white blood cell antigen CA19, which is independent of the bovine majar histocompatibility system, is the J blood group.
Two‐dimensional electrophoresis of horse serum proteins: genetic polymorphism of ceruloplasmin and two other serum proteins
Authors: K. Juneja R. , Andersson L. , Sandberg K. , Gahne B. , Adalsteinsson S. , Gunnarsson E. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTwo‐dimensional agarose gel (pH 8.6)‐horizontal polyacrylamide gel (pH 9.0) electrophoresis of horse serum proteins revealed genetic polymorphism of ceruloplasmin (Cp) and two unidentified serum proteins tentatively designated serum protein 1 (SP1) and serum protein 2 (SP2). Family data were consistent with the hypothesis that the observed Cp and SP1 phenotypes were each controlled by two co‐dominant, autosornal alleles. The three common SP2 phenotypes were shown to be controlled by two codominant, autosomal alleles. Population data and limited family data indicated the occurrence of two additional SP2 alleles. Altogether more than 600 horses representing 13 different breeds were typed for Cp, SP1 and SP2, and allele frequency estimates were calculated. SP2 was highly polymorphic in all breeds studied whereas SP1 and Cp showed quite low degrees of polymorphism. SP1 polymorphism was observed in seven breeds while Cp polymorphism was observed only in the Icelandic toelter horse breed.
Blood group association with severity and speed of the halothane reaction1
Authors: Imlah P. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe second generation (n= 227) of British Landrace pigs from selected halothane‐positive parents (36 litters) were blood‐typed for the S(A‐0), H and Phi loci and subjected to four 5‐minute halothane tests at 21, 35, 49 and 63 days of age. Cumulative scores based on seventy and speed of reaction were analysed in relation to single‐locus blood group genotypes and linkage group sequences at two and three loci. A highly significant negative correlation (r = ‐0.79) was found between severity and speed of reaction. Significant differences occurred between blood group genotypes and linkage groups in both severity and speed of reaction. Genotypes S s/s, H a/a or H a/‐ and Phi B/B and linkage groups involving these three types had the highest cumulative reaction score and the fastest reaction time, whereas genotypes Phi A/B, S S/S or S S/s and H a/cd and linkage groups with these types had the Iowest and slowest reaction scores. Some differences between genotypes and linkage groups were attributed to phenotypically halothane‐positive parents and offspring being genotypically Hal N/n. These effects could result from linkage with heterozygous types such as H a/cd and S S/s. The possible role of the H cd allele acting as a genetic marker for a suppressor gene to the halothane reaction is discussed.
Haemopexin in sheep, mouflon and goat: genetic polymorphism, heterogeneity and partial characterization*
Authors: Stratil A. , Glasnák V. , Tomášek V. , Williams J. , R. Clamp J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBenzidine staining of starch gels after electrophoresis of sera to which haematin was added revealed polymorphism of haemopexin in sheep, mouflon and goat. In sheep three phenotypes were observed, Hpx A, Hpx AB and Hpx B. Pedigree data support the hypothesis of codominant inheritance from a single locus by two alleles, HpxA and HpxB. Neuraminidase treatment of haemopexin preparations showed that Hpx B covered two variants, B1 and B2, thus indicating genetic control by three alleles (HpxA, HpxB1 and HpxB2). In sheep populations the frequency of HpxB is low. In mouflon, in addition to the two variants that are like those of sheep, absence of haemopexin was observed in some animals, by using starch gel electrophoresis as well as immunoelectrophoresis. In goat, three phenotypes were detected, Hpx A, Hpx AB and Hpx B, differing in migration from those of sheep. Haemopexins of the studied species are heterogeneous. Sialic acid is responsible for electrophoretic heterogeneity of sheep haemopexin. Chemical. composition (amino acid and carbohydrate), molecular weight (56 060) and N‐terminal sequence (Leu‐Pro‐Pro‐) of sheep haemopexin were also determined.
Blood group and protein polymorphism gene frequencies for seven breeds of horses in the United States
Authors: Bowling Ann Trommershausen , Clark Robert S. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryGene frequencies at 20 blood group and protein polymorphism loci (A, C, D, K, P, Q, U, Al, Tf, Pi, Xk, Es, Gc, PGD, CA, Cat, PGM, AP, Hb and PHI) are given for seven horse breeds in the United States (Thoroughbred, Arabian, Standard bred, Morgan, Quarter Horse, Paso Fino and Peruvian Paso). These data are used to calculate that the battery of tests is at least 96% effective for recognizing incorrect paternity in these breeds. In addition to paternity testing, these tests can be applied to studies of breed relationships.
Prediction of the halothane (Hal) genotypes of pigs by deducing Hal, Phi, Po2, Pgd haplotypes of parents and offspring: results from a large‐scale practice in Swedish breeds
Authors: Gahne B. , Juneja R. K. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryResults from a large‐scale study, comprising 75 different breeding herds, are reported on predicting the halothane (Hal) genotypes of individual pigs by making use of the known close linkage between Hal and three C blood marker loci (Phi, Po2, Pgd). The parents haplotypes (involving Hal and marker loci) were determined from the HAL phenotypes (halothane test results) and marker loci phenotypes of their offspring in the first one or two litters studied. In subsequent litters of the Hal‐marker loci haplotyped parents, the offspring's expected Hal genotypes could be predicted on the basis of the marker loci haplotypes inherited by them. By comparing the expected and observed HAL phenotypes of offspring in subsequent litters, the predicted Hal genotype was found to be correct in 90–95 % of the 4000 offspring (from Nn × Nn and Nn × nn matings) of Swedish Landrace and Yorkshire breeds studied.The order of the three marker loci was confirmed as Phi‐Po2‐Pgd but the position of Hal with regards to Phi could not be resolved. The recombination frequencies between the most distant loci in this region, viz. Hal‐Pgd and Phi‐Pgd, were estimated to be 3–4.5 % and 4–6 %, respectively. The easy and rapid electrophoretic techniques described in the study to phenotype PHI, PO2, PGD, also allowed phe‐notyping of six other polymorphic protein systems on the same gels. Thus Hal genotyping and effective parentage control can be conducted simultaneously.
The position of the epistatic S locus in the halothane linkage group in pigs
Authors: Van Zeveren A. , Van de Weghe A. , Bouquet Y. , Varewyck H. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe linkage of the Phi, Pgd, Po2, S, H and halothane sensitivity loci was followed in a Belgian Landrace family, heterozygous for these systems over 6 generations. Recombination next to the S locus occurred mainly in pigs belonging to this particular family. From this investigation the position of the S locus is proved to be outwith the Phi‐Pgd region, next to Phi. Therefore the gene sequence S ‐ Phi ‐ Hal ‐H‐ Po2 ‐Pgd is proposed. Higher recombination rates were observed in the female parental line of the multiheterozygous family when compared to the male parental line. Additional data from animals, unrelated to this strain, confirm the evidence of close linkage of the S system to the nearest marker loci.
Relationships between blood groups, isozymes and halothane reaction in pigs from a selection experiment1
Authors: Grashorn M. , Müller Elisabeth 
Published: August 2010

SummaryGerman Landrace pigs (n= 1500) were halothane‐tested and blood samples were taken for the determination of A‐O and H blood types as well as for the determination of PHI and 6‐PGD isozymes. The pigs originated from two generations (7th and 8th) of a selection experiment ‘selection for activity of NADPH‐generating enzymes in backfat of pigs’. The selection lines are E‐, E+ (selection for low and high enzyme activity), U‐ (selection for low ultrasonic backfat thickness) and K (control). Preliminary results show an average proportion of halothane‐susceptible animals of 49 %. The frequencies of halothane‐positive pigs amount to 60 %, 46 %, 70 % and 30 % in lines E‐, E+, U‐ and K, respectively. The investigation shows a non‐random combination of the marker genes caused by linkage disequilibrium, especially in line E‐. Recombination frequencies between the loci vary from 0 % to 18 %.
Meloxicam pharmacokinetics in renal impairment
Authors: Boulton‐Jones J. M. , Geddes C. G. , Heinzel G. , Türck D. , Nehmiz G. , Bevis P. J. R. 
Published: August 2010

AimsThe aim of the present study was to determine how the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam are affected by kidney dysfunction and consequently to define the appropriate dose for the use of meloxicam in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment.MethodsMeloxicam was administered to subjects with mild (creatinine clearance 41–60 ml min−1) to moderate (20–40 ml min−1) renal impairment compared with normal renal function (>60 ml min−1). Thirty‐eight subjects received meloxicam 15 mg once daily over 9 days. Meloxicam plasma concentrations were determined from blood samples taken during the study and pharmacokinetic parameters calculated according to noncompartmental methods.ResultsSubjects with no or mild renal impairment showed sinular pharmacokinetic profiles (geometric mean AUCSS(%gCV) 55 (33%)vs55 (38%) μg ml−1h). Subjects with moderate renal impairment demonstrated lower total plasma meloxicam concentrations (AUCSS35 (50%) μg ml−1h, with corresponding higher plasma clearance (P= 0.013) compared with subjects with no renal impairment. However, this was combined with higher meloxicam free fractions in moderately impaired subjects such that free meloxicam concentrations were similar in all three groups. Meloxicam was well tolerated with few adverse events occurring and no difference in incidence observable between groups.ConclusionsOn the basis of these results there is no necessity for a dosage adjustment when administering meloxicam to patients with mild to moderate renal impairment.
Modulation of CYP2EI activity by isoniazid in rapid and slow N‐acetylators
Authors: O'Shea Diarmuid , Kim Richard B. , Wilkinson Grant R. 
Published: August 2010

AimsAn investigation was undertaken to compare the effects of isoniazid pretreatment on the CYP2El ‐mediated 6‐hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone in healthy subjects of known N‐acetylator phenotype.MethodsCYP2E1 activity was estimated based on the 6‐hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone following single dose (250 mg) oral administration to seven slow and eight rapid N‐acetylators who were in good health. Separate studies were performed prior to and 14 days after the subjects received 300 mg isoniazid dady. Additional investigations were undertaken 2 and 16 days after discontinuing treatment with the antitubercular agent.ResultsConcomitant administration of chlorzoxazone with the final dose of isoniazid resulted in reduced metabolism in both phenotypes; however, the extent of inhibition of 6‐hydroxylation was greater in the slow N‐acetylators—about 80% vs60%. Two days after stopping isoniazid administration, chlorzoxazone's pharmacokinetic parameters had returned to their baseline values and remained constant for a further 14 days in the rapid acetylators. In contrast, chlorzoxazone's 6‐hydroxylation in slow acetylators was increased by about 60% compared with baseline at 2 days after dicontinuing isoniazid but had returned to its initial value 14 days later.ConclusionsThe interphenotypic difference in the time‐dependent interactions of isoniazid with CYP2E1 probably reflect a higher drug exposure in slow acetylators. Inhibition of CYP2E1 activity occurs in both N‐acetylator phenotypes but is less extensive in fast acetylators, during the time that effective levels of isoniazid are present in the body. Increased CYP2E1 activity reflective of enzyme induction, on the other hand, is only observable following isoniazid's elimination and is more extensive in slow than rapid acetylators. Even then, however, such induction is relatively modest and of short duration.