bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair
Authors: Cross J , Gurusamy K , Gadhvi V , Simring D , Harris P , Ivancev K , Richards T 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR) is a technically challenging operation. The duration, blood loss, and risk of limb ischaemia, contrast-induced nephropathy and reperfusion injury are likely to be higher than after standard endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Benefits of FEVAR over open repair may be less than those seen with standard infrarenal EVAR. This paper is a meta-analysis of observational studies of all published data for FEVAR, with the aim to highlight current issues around the evidence for the potential benefit of FEVAR.

Methods
A search was performed for studies describing FEVAR for juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms. Small series of fewer than ten procedures and studies describing predominantly branched endografts or FEVAR for aortic dissection were excluded. Authors of included papers were contacted to eliminate patient duplication.

Results
Eleven studies were identified describing a total of 660 procedures. Definitions of aneurysm morphology were variable, and clear inclusion and exclusion criteria were not always documented. Double fenestrations were more common than triple or quadruple fenestrations. Target vessel perfusion rates ranged from 90·5 to 100 per cent. Eleven deaths occurred within 30 days, giving a 30-day proportional mortality rate of 2·0 per cent. Morbidity was poorly reported.

Conclusion
FEVAR for repair of suprarenal and juxtarenal aneurysms is a viable alternative to open repair. However, there is no level 1 evidence for FEVAR, and current evidence is weak with many unanswered questions.
Prospective surveillance study of the management of intussusception in UK and Irish infants
Authors: Samad L , Marven S , El Bashir H , Sutcliffe A G , Cameron J C , Lynn R , Taylor B 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Intussusception is the most common cause of acute intestinal obstruction in infants. This study examined the clinical presentation, management and outcomes of intussusception in this age group.

Methods
Prospective surveillance of intussusception in infants was carried out between March 2008 and March 2009 in the UK and Ireland. Monthly cards were sent to paediatric clinicians who were requested to notify cases of intussusception.

Results
The study identified 261 confirmed cases. The commonest presenting symptom/sign was non-bilious vomiting, in 210 (80·5 per cent) of the infants. Abdominal ultrasonography was done in 247 infants (94·6 per cent) and was diagnostic in 242 (98·0 per cent), compared with plain abdominal X-ray, which was diagnostic in 33 (23·6 per cent) of 140 infants. Enema reduction was carried out in 240 (92·0 per cent) of the 261 infants; the majority (237, 98·8 per cent) had pneumatic reduction with a success rate of 61·2 per cent (145 of 237). Surgery was required in 111 infants (42·5 per cent); 92 operations were as a result of unsuccessful enema reduction, and the remaining 19 infants (17·1 per cent) had primary surgery. Forty-four infants (39·6 per cent of operations) needed a bowel resection. The majority of children (238, 91·2 per cent) recovered uneventfully; 21 (8·0 per cent) had sequelae, one child died (0·4 per cent), and the outcome was unknown for one infant.

Conclusion
This study described current treatment patterns for intussusception in infancy; these represent a benchmark for improved standards of care for this condition.
Effect of sodium butyrate on autophagy and apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Seong Lee Jae , Lee Gyun Min 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSodium butyrate (NaBu), which is widely used in recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell (rCHO) cultures for high‐level expression of therapeutic proteins, is known to induce apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. Lately, the significance of autophagy has increased in the field of CHO cell culture due to the fact that autophagy is related to the programmed cell death mechanism. To determine the effect of NaBu on autophagy as well as apoptosis of rCHO cells, rCHO cells producing erythropoietin were subjected to NaBu treatment. NaBu treatment up to 5 mM increased cleaved forms of PARP, caspase‐3, and Annexin V positive population, confirming the previous results that NaBu induces apoptosis. Concurrently, NaBu treatment increased the level of accumulation of the autophagic marker, LC3‐II, independently of nutrient depletion, suggesting that NaBu induces autophagy. To elucidate the potential role of autophagy induced by NaBu, a representative autophagy inducer (rapamycin) or an inhibitor (bafilomycin A1) was added to cultures together with NaBu. It was found that autophagy had the potential role of a positive cell survival mechanism under NaBu treatment. Furthermore, gradual reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential/mass and recruitment of a mitophagy protein, Parkin, to the mitochondria were observed under NaBu treatment, suggesting that this positive function of autophagy might be mediated by the autophagic removal of damaged mitochondria. Taken together, autophagy was observed in rCHO cell culture under NaBu treatments and the results obtained here support the positive effects of autophagy induced by NaBu treatments. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Raman optical activity study on insulin amyloid‐ and prefibril intermediate
Authors: Yamamoto Shigeki , Watarai Hitoshi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe amyloid fibril of bovine insulin and its renaturing intermediates were studied by using Raman optical activity (ROA). In the spectrum of the amyloid, the sharp +/− ROA couplet of amide I band characteristic of the β‐sheet‐rich proteins was observed, together with a sharp peak at 1271 cm−1 characteristic of a turn structure. The shoulder ROA peak of the native insulin at ∼ 1340 cm−1, which was assigned to the hydrated α‐helix, was not observed in the amyloid, suggesting that the hydrated α‐helix was converted to the parallel β‐sheet structure in the amyloid. Recovery of the amyloid to the native state was also monitored by ROA. The intermediate states showed distinct features from the amyloid or native ones. The intermediates did not show a characteristic ROA peak of the poly(L‐proline) II helix at ∼ 1318 cm−1. The hydrated α‐helix ROA peak was not recovered in the intermediate states. In a process of the amyloid formation, at first the hydrated α‐helix of the native insulin is converted to a specific partially unfolded structure, and then, it was converted to the parallel β‐sheet structure with many turns. Chirality, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Absolute stereochemistry of altersolanol a and alterporriols
Authors: Kanamaru Saki , Honma Miho , Murakami Takanori , Tsushima Taro , Kudo Shinji , Tanaka Kazuaki , Nihei Ken‐Ichi , Nehira Tatsuo , Hashimoto Masaru 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe absolute stereochemistry of altersolanol A (1) was established by observing a positive exciton couplet in the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of the C3,C4‐O‐bis(2‐naphthoyl) derivative 10 and by chemical correlations with known compound 8. Before the discussion, the relative stereochemistry of 1 was confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The shielding effect at C7′‐OMe group by C1‐O‐benzoylation established the relative stereochemical relationship between the C8‐C8′ axial bonding and the C1‐C4/C1′‐C4′ polyol moieties of alterporriols E (3), an atropisomer of the C8‐C8′ dimer of 1. As 3 could be obtained by dimerization of 1 in vitro, the absolute configuration of its central chirality elements (C1‐C4) must be identical to those of 1. Spectral comparison between the experimental and theoretical CD spectra supported the above conclusion. Axial stereochemistry of novel C4‐O‐deoxy dimeric derivatives, alterporriols F (4) and G (5), were also revealed by comparison of their CD spectra to those of 2 and 3. Chirality, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimal design of a thermally coupled fluidised bed heat exchanger reactor for hydrogen production and octane improvement in the catalytic naphtha reformers
Authors: Pourazadi E. , Vakili R. , Iranshahi D. , Jahanmiri A. , Rahimpour M. R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe present study combines simultaneously the definition of fluidisation and process intensification (thermally coupled heat exchanger reactor) concept and determines the optimum operational conditions in both sides of the reactor, using Differential Evolution (DE) optimisation approach. The exothermic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline takes place in a set of tubular reactors which is placed inside the naphtha reactors and thermally handle the endothermic reaction of reforming. A single objective function consists of four terms including aromatic mole fraction of the reformate and hydrogen production from each reactor in the endothermic side as well as the total molar flow rate of aniline and nitrobenzene conversion in the exothermic side is defined. Seven decision variables such as inlet temperature of exothermic and endothermic sides, exothermic molar flow rates for the first and the second reactors and the number of tubes are considered during the optimisation procedure. Temperature constraints have been considered in both sides during the optimisation in order to reduce the possibility of rapid catalyst deactivation by sintering. Results show approximately 464.4 and 598.9 kg/h increase in aromatic and aniline production rates in optimised thermally coupled fluidised bed naphtha reactor (OTCFBNR) compared with non‐optimised case (TCFBNR), respectively. Such a theoretical study is necessary prior to designing new pilot plants and revamping industrial units. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Modelling and simulation of trickle‐bed reactors using computational fluid dynamics: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Wang Yining , Chen Jinwen , Larachi Faical 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTrickle‐bed reactors (TBRs), which accommodate the flow of gas and liquid phases through packed beds of catalysts, host a variety of gas–liquid–solid catalytic reactions, particularly in the petroleum/petrochemical industry. The multiphase flow hydrodynamics in TBRs are complex and directly affect the overall reactor performance in terms of reactant conversion and product yield and selectivity. Non‐ideal flow behaviours, such as flow maldistribution, channelling or partial catalyst wetting may significantly reduce the effectiveness of the reactor. However, conventional TBR modelling approaches cannot properly account for these non‐ideal behaviours owing to the complex coupling between fluid dynamics and chemical kinetics. Recent advances in the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to three‐phase TBR systems have shown promise of achieving a deeper understanding of the interactions between multiphase fluid dynamics and chemical reactions. This study is intended to give a state‐of‐the‐art overview of the progress achieved in the field of CFD simulation of TBRs over the past two decades. The fundamental modelling framework of multiphase flow in TBRs, advances in important constitutive models, and the application of CFD models are discussed in detail. Directions for future research are suggested.
Micellar enhanced ultrafiltration: A comparative study
Authors: Jadhav S. V. , Marathe K. V. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA pilot plant study was carried out to evaluate the performance of continuous cross flow micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) method for the simultaneous separation of phenol and ortho‐cresol from the aqueous phase using a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide. The membranes used in this study are polysulfone tubular hollow fibre membrane with 6 kDa and a ceramic membrane having pore diameter 50 nm with an active layer of microporous zirconia (ZrO2) supported on α‐alumina, respectively. The work includes comparing the effectiveness of membranes based on pollutants structural parameters, membrane properties and membrane modules. The characteristic parameters such as the distribution coefficient (D), micelle binding constant (Kp) and micelle loading (Lm) were obtained at optimal experimental conditions. High initial rejections were observed (above 95%) for both the membranes and the permeate flux remained almost constant at 17 LMH. It was found that the polysulfone material membrane suited better for MEUF with higher and steady rejections over a period of time. High micelle leakage was observed in ceramic membrane. The energy consumption for hollow fibre polysulfone membrane was less than the ceramic membrane. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Response Surface Analysis to Improve Dispersed Crude Oil Biodegradation
Authors: Zahed Mohammad A. , Aziz Hamidi A. , Isa Mohamed H. , Mohajeri Leila 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this research, the bioremediation of dispersed crude oil, based on the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus supplementation in the closed system, was optimized by the application of response surface methodology and central composite design. Correlation analysis of the mathematical‐regression model demonstrated that a quadratic polynomial model could be used to optimize the hydrocarbon bioremediation (R2 = 0.9256). Statistical significance was checked by analysis of variance and residual analysis. Natural attenuation was removed by 22.1% of crude oil in 28 days. The highest removal on un‐optimized condition of 68.1% were observed by using nitrogen of 20.00 mg/L and phosphorus of 2.00 mg/L in 28 days while optimization process exhibited a crude oil removal of 69.5% via nitrogen of 16.05 mg/L and phosphorus 1.34 mg/L in 27 days therefore optimization can improve biodegradation in shorter time with less nutrient consumption.
Adjusting Chlorine Dosage and to Prevent Bio‐Growth and Minimize Trihalomethanes in Reverse Osmosis Filtrate in a Wastewater Reclamation Process
Authors: Hsu Yi‐Che , Wang Yu‐Hsuan , Wu Shuo‐Chuan , Wu Chuen‐Mei , Chu Ching‐Ping , Chung Yu‐Jen , Huang Yong‐Tang , Wang Kuo‐Liang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFeasibility of effluent reclamation for the Futian municipal WWTP in Taichung Taiwan was evaluated using an “SF‐UF‐RO” pilot plant. The optimal parameters of each unit were obtained during the pilot plant test. The pilot plant started the operation in late October 2008 and operated until January 2011. The reverse osmosis (RO) system produces 75 m3 water daily, and the produced water quality was comparable to the city water in Taichung. Chlorine dosed in the sand filtration (SF) inlet and ultrafiltration (UF) backwash had the most significant effect on the stability of system performance. When the chlorine was underdosed, biofilm clogged the bag filter (prefilter of UF) and led to the flow rate decay of the UF. The prefilter needed replacement every 1 or 2 weeks resulting in increased process cost. On the other hand, when the chlorine dosage was increased to mitigate the biofilm growth, the residual chlorine not only reacted with TOC and derived trihalomethanes (THMs) in the RO product water (more than 20 µg/L), but it also damaged the RO membrane. After trial and error, the chlorine concentration was optimized as 0.7 mg/L in SF inlet to prevent growth of biofilm as well as to control the residual chlorine in the RO inlet and THMs in the RO product water. It is suggested that cautiously adjusting chlorine dosage is essential for stably operating such a hybrid membrane system to reclaim the municipal wastewater.
Adsorption of Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions by Depolymerization Products of Post‐Consumer PET Bottles
Authors: Acar Işıl , Bal Ayça , Güçlü Gamze 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this work is the removal of basic dyes (Safranine T and Brilliant Green) from aqueous media by depolymerization products (DP) obtained from aminoglycolysis of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The surface morphology and physical properties of depolymerization product were also determined. Adsorption behaviors (adsorption capacities, adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms) of these samples were realized at room temperature. Then, the amounts of residual dye concentrations were measured using Visible Spectrophotometer at 530 and 618 nm for Safranine T (ST) and Brilliant Green (BG), respectively. All adsorption experiments were carried out for different depolymerization products (DP1, DP2, DP3, and DP4). Adsorption capacities of depolymerization products for both of dyes decrease with following order: DP2 > DP4 > DP1 > DP3. The maximum adsorption capacities for ST and BG onto DP2 sample were found to be 29 and 33 mg g−1, respectively. In addition, the adsorption kinetic results show that the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model is more suitable than pseudo‐first‐order model for the adsorption of basic dyes onto DP samples. Adsorption data were evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The results revealed that the adsorption of basic dyes onto DP sample fit very well Langmuir isotherm model. In conclusion, the depolymerization products of post‐consumer PET bottles can be used as low cost adsorbent for the removal of basic dyes from wastewaters.
Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Preconcentration and Determination of Nickel in Water
Authors: Lemos Valfredo A. , dos Santos Vieira Emanuel V. , dos Santos Silva Eldevan , dos Santos Liz O. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA method for the determination of nickel in water was developed. The procedure involves preconcentration of nickel by using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. The Ni(II) ions were extracted in chloroform in the form of complex with the reagent 2‐(2′‐benzothiazolylazo)‐p‐cresol. Ethanol was used as the disperser solvent. After injection of the extracting mixture in a solution of nickel, a cloudy mixture was observed. A quick centrifugation induces phase separation and thus the settling of rich phase. The nickel content in the rich phase is measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection and quantification obtained were 1.4 and 4.7 µg L−1, respectively. Some parameters used to characterize preconcentration systems, such as enrichment factor and consumption index were calculated and resulted in 29 and 0.34 mL, respectively. After optimization of variables and determination of analytical characteristics, the method was used for the analysis of certified reference materials (BCR‐713: wastewater, effluent and BCR‐414: plankton) and real water samples.
Effects of Rhizosphere Ventilation on Soil Enzyme Activities of Potted Tomato under Different Soil Water Stress
Authors: Niu Wen‐Quan , Zang Xuan , Jia Zong‐Xia , Shao Hong‐Bo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn order to improve the growing environment of root zone, and investigate the effects of different rhizosphere ventilation environments on soil enzyme activities, we supplied gas for potted tomato by air compressor, and set three irrigation levels (70–90% field capacity). Each irrigation level has different ventilation volume coefficient (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6) with the reference standard as 50% soil porosity. The results showed that the changing trend of soil catalase, urease, and dehydrogenase activity showed the first increase and then the decrease in the tomato growth period, and activities of soil catalase, urease, and dehydrogenase under the ventilation treatment are higher than those of the non‐ventilation. When the irrigation level was 80% the field capacity and the ventilation coefficient was 0.8, the activities of three soil enzyme reached the highest value. Their activities of soil catalase, urease, and dehydrogenase were particularly sensitive to rhizosphere ventilation in fruit expanding process. Tomato had more dry matter accumulation and output under the ventilation treatment than that of the non‐ventilation. The results prove that rhizosphere ventilation can improve the potted tomato root zone environment, increase the soil enzyme activity, and promote the nutrients uptake, thus promoting plant growth and fruit output and improving soil quality.
Structures and Fragmentation of [Cu(Uracil‐H)(Uracil)]+ in the Gas Phase
Authors: Ali Osama Y. , Fridgen Travis D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractComplexes of copper (II) ions and uracil were studied using tandem mass spectrometry (Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance, FTICR, mass spectrometry) including extensive isotopic labeling as well as theoretical calculations. Positive ion electrospray mass spectra of aqueous solutions of CuCl2 and uracil show that the [Cu(Ura‐H)(Ura)]+ ion is the most abundant ion even at low concentrations of uracil. Sustained off‐resonance irradiation collision‐induced dissociation (SORI‐CID) experiments show that the lowest energy decomposition pathway for [Cu(Ura‐H)(Ura)]+, surprisingly, is not the loss of uracil, but the loss of HNCO followed by HCN as the most abundant secondary fragmentation product. MSn studies identified primary, secondary and tertiary fragmentation products. Extensive isotopic labeling studies, as well as computational studies allowed for a detailed fragmentation scheme for the [Cu(Ura‐H)(Ura)]+ ion, beginning with the lowest energy structure.
Signaling by SHH rescues facial defects following blockade in the brain
Authors: Chong H. Jonathan , Young Nathan M. , Hu Diane , Jeong Juhee , McMahon Andrew P. , Hallgrimsson Benedikt , Marcucio Ralph S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground: The Frontonasal Ectodermal Zone (FEZ) is a signaling center in the face that expresses Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and regulates patterned growth of the upper jaw. Blocking SHH in the forebrain blocks Shh expression in the FEZ and creates malformations resembling holoprosencephaly (HPE), while inhibition of BMP signaling in the mesenchyme blocks FEZ formation and causes similar dysmorphology. Thus, the brain could regulate FEZ formation by SHH or BMP signaling, and if so, activating one of these pathways in the face might alleviate the effects of repression of SHH in the brain. Results: We blocked SHH signaling in the brain while adding SHH or BMP between the neural and facial ectoderm of the frontonasal process. When applied early, SHH restored Shh expression in the FEZ and significantly improved shape outcomes, which contrasts with our previous experiments that showed later SHH treatments have no effect. BMP‐soaked beads introduced early and late caused apoptosis that exacerbated malformations. Finally, removal of Smoothened from neural crest cells did not inhibit Shh expression in the FEZ. Conclusions: Collectively, this work suggests that a direct, time‐sensitive SHH signal from the brain is required for the later induction of Shh in the FEZ. We propose a testable model of FEZ activation and discuss signaling mediators that may regulate these interactions. Developmental Dynamics 241:247–256, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Superparamagnetic Core‐Shell‐Type Fe3O4/Ru Nanoparticles as Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of an Unconstrained α,β‐Unsaturated Ketone
Authors: Khan Farooq‐Ahmad , Süss‐Fink Georg 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSuperparamagnetic core‐shell‐type Fe3O4/Ru nanoparticles (particle size ca. 15 nm) synthesized by co‐precipitation, adsorption and reduction methods were found to selectively hydrogenate the carbon‐oxygen double bond in trans‐4‐phenyl‐3‐penten‐2‐one (conversion 100 %, selectivity > 90 %) with a catalytic turnover of 900 under mild reaction conditions (30 °C, 15 bar H2). The finely dispersed catalyst can be separated from the reaction mixture by using an external magnet, recycled, and reused without significant loss of activity and selectivity.