bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of 660 and 780 nm low‐level laser therapy on neuromuscular recovery after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve
Authors: Gigo‐Benato Davilene , Russo Thiago Luiz , Tanaka Erika Harumi , Assis Lívia , Salvini Tania Fátima , Parizotto Nivaldo Antonio 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePost‐traumatic nerve repair is still a challenge for rehabilitation. It is particularly important to develop clinical protocols to enhance nerve regeneration. The present study investigated the effects of 660 and 780 nm low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) using different energy densities (10, 60, and 120 J/cm2) on neuromuscular and functional recovery as well as on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve.Materials and MethodsRats received transcutaneous LLLT irradiation at the lesion site for 10 consecutive days post‐injury and were sacrificed 28 days after injury. Both the sciatic nerve and tibialis anterior muscles were analyzed. Nerve analyses consisted of histology (light microscopy) and measurements of myelin, axon, and nerve fiber cross‐sectional area (CSA). S‐100 labeling was used to identify myelin sheath and Schwann cells. Muscle fiber CSA and zymography were carried out to assess the degree of muscle atrophy and MMP activity, respectively. Statistical significance was set at 5% (P≤0.05).ResultsSix hundred sixty nanometer LLLT either using 10 or 60 J/cm2 restored muscle fiber, myelin and nerve fiber CSA compared to the normal group (N). Furthermore, it increased MMP‐2 activity in nerve and decreased MMP‐2 activity in muscle and MMP‐9 activity in nerve. In contrast, 780 nm LLLT using 10 J/cm2 decreased MMP‐9 activity in nerve compared to the crush group (CR) and N; it also restored normal levels of myelin and nerve fiber CSA. Both 60 and 120 J/cm2 decreased MMP‐2 activity in muscle compared to CR and N. 780 nm did not prevent muscle fiber atrophy. Functional recovery in the irradiated groups did not differ from the non‐irradiated CR.ConclusionData suggest that 660 nm LLLT with low (10 J/cm2) or moderate (60 J/cm2) energy densities is able to accelerate neuromuscular recovery after nerve crush injury in rats. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:833–842, 2010 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methylene Blue‐Conjugated Hydrogel Nanoparticles and Tumor‐Cell Targeted Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Hah Hoe Jin , Kim Gwangseong , Lee Yong‐Eun Koo , Orringer Daniel A. , Sagher Oren , Philbert Martin A. , Kopelman Raoul 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMethylene blue‐conjugated polyacrylamide nanoparticles are prepared through a microemulsion polymerization, after conjugation of the dye with a monomer. The nanoparticles have a 50–60 nm diameter in solution. This conjugation method enables a large increase in loading of methylene blue per nanoparticle and also minimizes dye leaching out of the nanoparticle. Furthermore, the dye content can be controlled by variation of the dye amount, enabling a more refined control of the singlet oxygen production ability. The nanoparticles are coated with F3 peptides, which give specific targeting to selected tumor cells, 9L, MDA‐MB‐435, and F98, in vitro. In addition, MTT assays reveal that the nanoparticles have no dark toxicity but excellent PDT efficacy increasing with the nanoparticle dose and irradiation time. magnified image
Highly Efficient “Grafting From” an α‐Helical Polypeptide Backbone by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Ding Jianxun , Xiao Chunsheng , Tang Zhaohui , Zhuang Xiuli , Chen Xuesi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBecause of their favorable biodegradability, biocompatibility, regular secondary structures, and stimuli‐responsiveness, synthetic polypeptides have attracted more and more attention in the biomedical material field. In this work, a novel thermo‐responsive graft polypeptide, poly(L‐glutamate)‐graft‐poly(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate) (PLG‐g‐PMEO2MA), is prepared through a combination of ring‐opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization. The structure of PLG‐g‐PMEO2MA is confirmed by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and GPC analyses. The phase transition temperature of PLG‐g‐PMEO2MA is adjustable by varying the NaCl concentration in aqueous solution. PLG‐g‐PMEO2MA adopts α‐helical conformations both in aqueous solution at 25 and 60 °C and even in the solid state. In addition, PLG‐g‐PMEO2MA forms stimuli‐responsive micelles with an α‐helical core and a thermo‐responsive shell in water. magnified image
Coating Electrospun Chitosan Nanofibers with Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Using the Polysaccharides Heparin and N,N,N‐Trimethyl Chitosan
Authors: Almodóvar Jorge , Kipper Matt J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new method is presented for functionalizing electrospun nanofibers with GAGs and growth factors by PEM deposition. Electrospun chitosan nanofibers, spun from trifluoroacetic acid and dichloromethane, were coated with PEMs, using the polysaccharides heparin and N,N,N‐trimethyl chitosan. FGF‐2 was adsorbed on the PEM‐coated nanofibers. Nanofiber neutralization, PEM construction, and FGF‐2 adsorption were monitored using FT‐IR spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Alcian blue staining was used to confirm the presence of heparin. SEM was used to study nanofiber morphology. magnified image
Synthesis of Macro(alkoxyamines) via Hydroboration of Polyolefins with Subsequent Nitroxide Oxidation for Controlled NMP
Authors: Wagner Christine B. , Studer Armido 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA novel method for the synthesis of alkoxyamines that are subsequently used as initiator/regulators for NMP is reported. This method can be applied to low‐molecular‐weight olefins as well as to macromolecules containing alkene moieties to form poly(alkoxyamines). The reaction sequence comprises hydroboration of olefins with catecholborane followed by oxidation of alkylborane intermediates using nitroxides in the presence of methyl vinyl ketone to ultimately yield alkoxyamines that serve as suitable initiators for NMP. The first application of these alkoxyamines for the preparation of comb and star polymers is presented. magnified image
On the Monolayer Adsorption of Thiol‐Terminated Dendritic Oligothiophenes onto Gold Surfaces
Authors: Jiang Guoqian , Deng Suxiang , Baba Akira , Huang Chengyu , Advincula Rigoberto C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe self‐assembled monolayer formation of a series of thiophene dendron thiols with different generations and alkyl chain lengths onto gold surfaces is studied. Average film thicknesses and dielectric constants were calculated from SPR using a two‐subphase differential method. The in situ adsorption of the thiophene dendron thiols was monitored by SPR kinetics measurements and fitted using an empirical three‐step model. Electrochemical redox molecular probing experiments provided additional insight into surface coverage, which showed different abilities to block electron transfer at the monolayer/electrode interfaces. The surface coverage of the films was also estimated by QCM measurements and supported by static WCA measurements. magnified image
Cationic UV‐Curable Conductive Composites from Exfoliated Graphite
Authors: Datta Samali , Htet Maung , Webster Dean C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractElectrically conductive, cationically UV‐cured composites were prepared using exfoliated graphite plates (EGP) with cycloaliphatic epoxy resin and polyalcohol binder system. Exfoliated graphite (EG) was obtained from natural flake graphite through chemical and thermal treatment. Sonication of EG in solvent produced EGP. Characterization of graphite samples by XRD showed structural similarity between original graphite and EGP. UV curing behavior was characterized using photoDSC. Electrical resistivity measurements of the composites as a function of EGP concentration showed that at low filler concentration the binder system can influence the electrical percolation behavior. Some formulations showed electrical percolation at less than 1 vol.‐% of EGP filler. magnified image
Nucleation Effect of Layered Metal Phosphonate on Crystallization of Bacterial Poly[(3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐co‐(3‐hydroxyhexanoate)]
Authors: Yu Fang , Pan Pengju , Nakamura Nobuo , Inoue Yoshio 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe nucleating effect of zinc phenylphosphonate (PPZn) was investigated on the as‐bacterially synthesized poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] and poly[(3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐co‐(3‐hydroxyhexanoate)]s [P(3HB‐co‐3HHx)s] in order to improve their crystallization rate. PPZn is found an efficient nucleating agent on the crystallization of P(3HB) and P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) with low 3HHx unit content. The nucleation mechanism is proposed to be epitaxial nucleation. Both the comonomer‐unit composition and its distribution of P(3HB‐co‐3HHx)s were found exhibiting significant effect on the nucleating effect of PPZn. It is found that PPZn is more efficient on nucleating the crystallization of P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) with a broader comonomer‐unit compositional distribution than that with a narrower distribution. magnified image
Molecularly Imprinted Nanospheres by Nonaqueous Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Dvorakova Gita , Haschick Robert , Chiad Khalid , Klapper Markus , Müllen Klaus , Biffis Andrea 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe preparation of nanosized, molecularly imprinted polymer particles by nonaqueous emulsion polymerization is presented. Monodisperse cross‐linked polymer nanospheres with a diameter of around 100 nm were synthesized using a standard monomer mixture of methacrylic acid and ethylene dimethacrylate, containing (±)‐propranolol as a template. The rebinding efficiency of the resulting particles was determined by batch rebinding tests and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The results indicate that the proposed imprinting process under nonaqueous conditions lead to particles with an enhanced capacity of template rebinding compared to both nonimprinted ones and to particles obtained by more conventional emulsion polymerization in water. magnified image
Long‐term stability of effects of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease: Indian Experience
Authors: Kishore Asha , Rao Ravimohan , Krishnan Syam , Panikar Dilip , Sarma Gangadhara , Sivasanakaran Mathuranath Pavagada , Sarma Sankara 
Published: October 2010

AbstractReports of long‐term effects of subthalamic (STN) stimulation for Parkinson's disease (PD) are few, mostly open‐label evaluations and from Western centers. We used single‐blind and open‐label motor, cognitive and quality of life (QOL) evaluations to study the effects of bilateral STN stimulation in 45 patients over 5 years. Our patients showed a stable and substantial reduction in the cardinal signs of PD, motor fluctuations, and dyskinesias but less so for axial signs. The reduction in medications and the intensity of electrical stimulation needed also remained stable during follow up. Although the total QOL and its parkinsonism and social components showed sustained benefits till 5 years, the gains in emotional and systemic subsets were short lasting. Global scores for mood and cognition did not show significant worsening. Benefits of STN stimulation on the cardinal signs, motor complications, and QOL of advanced PD were substantial and sustained till 5 years. The initial benefits in axial motor signs and emotional and psychological aspects of QOL did not show similar stability. In general, the procedure had insignificant impact on cognition and mood. This is the first report of STN stimulation in Asian patients with PD. © Movement Disorder Society
Adult cases of congenital muscular torticollis successfully treated with botulinum toxin
Authors: Bouchard Manon , Chouinard Sylvain , Suchowersky, and Oksana 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCongenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is the most common cause of torticollis in childhood. This condition is usually recognized and successfully treated in infancy, but may persist in adulthood, particularly if not treated. In adult patients, CMT can be differentiated from idiopathic cervical dystonia by the frequent association with facial asymmetry, presence of a cord‐like sternocleiodmastoid muscle (SCM), absence of head tremor, lack of sensory trick, and head tilt since infancy. We describe 3 patients with persistent CMT, who were successfully treated with botulinum toxin injections with long lasting benefit. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society.
Prophylactic and therapeutic implications of toll‐like receptor ligands
Authors: Hedayat Mona , Takeda Kiyoshi , Rezaei Nima 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe evolutionary conserved Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are the first identified and best characterized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which discriminate self from nonself, providing an early and effective immune response against invading pathogens. The ever expanding knowledge of TLR signaling network make it one of the most promising therapeutic strategies to modulate the immune response in various human diseases. Immune modulating strategies based on TLR‐specific agonists elicit a potent immune response to adjuvant vaccine immunotherapy, cancers, allergic diseases, and chronic viral infections while minimizing the risk of uncontrolled provocation of systemic inflammatory response. Moreover, the contribution of TLR signaling in the pathogenesis of chronic noninfectious inflammatory and autoimmune diseases provides the rationale for the development and clinical implementation of TLR‐specific antagonists. At present, a few TLR‐specific agonists have been approved for both prophylactic and therapeutic applications, while the ongoing preclinical and clinical studies show promising results on various novel therapeutic molecules as an adjunctive to conventional pharmacotherapy or stand‐alone therapeutic strategy.  © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
A meshless scaling iterative algorithm based on compactly supported radial basis functions for the numerical solution of Lane‐Emden‐Fowler equation
Authors: Shen Quan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this article, we combine the compactly supported radial basis function (RBF) collocation method and the scaling iterative algorithm to compute and visualize the multiple solutions of the Lane‐Emden‐Fowler equation on a bounded domain Ω ⊂ R2 with a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition. This novel method has the advantage over traditional methods, which approximate the spatial derivatives using either the finite difference method (FDM), the finite element method (FEM), or the boundary element method (BEM), because it does not require a mesh over the domain. As a result, it needs less computational time than the globally supported RBF collocation method. When compared with the reference solutions in (Chen, Zhou, and Ni, Int J Bifurcation Chaos 10 (2000), 565–1612), our numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and ease of implementation of this method. It is therefore much more suitable for dealing with the complex domains than the FEM, the FDM, and the BEM. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 554‐572, 2012
Analysis of segregated boundary‐domain integral equations for variable‐coefficient problems with cracks
Authors: Chkadua O. , Mikhailov S.E. , Natroshvili D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSegregated direct boundary‐domain integral equation (BDIE) systems associated with mixed, Dirichlet and Neumann boundary value problems (BVPs) for a scalar “Laplace” PDE with variable coefficient are formulated and analyzed for domains with interior cuts (cracks). The main results established in the paper are the BDIE equivalence to the original BVPs and invertibility of the BDIE operators in the corresponding Sobolev spaces. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
The Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) nationwide exenatide audit
Authors: Ryder REJ , Thong KY , Cull ML , Mills AP , Walton C , Winocour PH 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn December 2008, to accelerate understanding of a new agent, the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) launched a nationwide audit on the use of exenatide in clinical practice.A password‐protected online questionnaire for collection of anonymised patient data was established and diabetes specialists in the UK were given persistent encouragement to submit data on their exenatide‐treated patients. Baseline and latest HbA1c, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure and lipids were compared and adverse events related to exenatide were quantified.A total of 315 contributors from 126 centres submitted data on 6717 patients (54.9% male) – mean baseline age was 54.9 years, HbA1c 9.47% (80mmol/mol), weight 113.8kg, BMI 39.8kg/m2. Of these, 4551 and 4385 had dated baseline and latest HbA1c and weight respectively. Mean (±SE) HbA1c fell by 0.73±0.03% (p<0.001) and weight by 5.9±0.1kg (p<0.001) at a median (range) of 26.1(6.6–164.1) and 26.0(6.6–159.0) weeks respectively.The following parameters also showed significant falls (p<0.001): BMI 2.2±0.1kg/m2, waist circumference 5.1±0.3cm, systolic blood pressure 3.6±0.6mmHg, total cholesterol 0.16±0.03mmol/L and HDL cholesterol 0.03±0.01mmol/L. Triglycerides decreased by 0.14±0.06mmol/L (p=0.009). The change in diastolic blood pressure was not statistically significant. In all, 23.7% of patients reported gastrointestinal side effects with 7.2% having to stop exenatide permanently. Hypoglycaemia rates were 3.3% before and 5.6% after exenatide use (p<0.001). After scrutiny, one case of pancreatitis and four cases of renal failure occurring in patients on exenatide had no obvious alternate cause. All other reported side effects had <1% incidence. The rate of exenatide discontinuation was 19.9% throughout the span of the audit, most commonly due to gastrointestinal side effects (36.1%) and lack of glycaemic or weight benefit (33.8%).This large scale audit confirmed the effectiveness of exenatide in clinical use and highlighted rare associated adverse events. Importantly, we have successfully demonstrated a novel approach by a national specialist society to independently monitor the efficacy and safety of a new treatment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Fabrication of (Ga,Mn)As magnetic semiconductor quantum dots on Si substrates by droplet epitaxy
Authors: Wang S. L. , Meng K. K. , Chen L. , Xu P. F. , Meng H. J. , Lu J. , Zhao J. H. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract(Ga,Mn)As magnetic semiconductor quantum dots were fabricated on Si(001) substrates by droplet epitaxy using molecular‐beam epitaxy. It is found that both the diameter and density of the (Ga,Mn)As quantum dots can be modulated by changing the amount of Ga deposited. The high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy image shows that the dots possess a zincblende structure. The presence of ferromagnetic ordering with a Mn content of 0.08 was observed, and the ferromagnetic transition temperature can be increased from approximately 50 K to 80 K by post‐growth annealing (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Molecular‐beam deposition of polycrystalline GaSbAs thin films at a low substrate temperature of 300 °C
Authors: Okuzako T. , Okamura K. , Matsui Y. , Nakaya K. , Kajikawa Y. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGaSbx As1‐x films with Sb compositions of x = 0.34‐0.86 were grown on glass substrates by molecular‐beam deposition. We show that GaSbAs can be deposited as p‐type single‐phase polycrystalline films even at a low substrate temperature of 300 °C. The hole mobility of the GaSbx As1‐x films with x = 0.80 was 20 cm2/Vs at room temperature. Analysis of the temperature dependence of hole mobility reveals that the high mobility is due to the low height of potential barriers at grain boundaries. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of geometry on the excitonic diamagnetic shift of nano‐rings
Authors: Thu L. M. , Chiu W. T. , Lin Ta‐Chun , Voskoboynikov O. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe simulate magneto‐excitons confined in asymmetrically wobbled three‐dimensional InAs/GaAs nano‐rings. The wobbling asymmetry reproduces realistic experimental geometry of the rings and generates an asymmetry in the side valleys of the three dimensional confinement potential. Using our mapping method and the exact diagonization approach we calculated the excitonic diamagnetic shift and found that even a small wobbling asymmetry can drastically change the diamagnetic shift coefficient. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Auger ionization in carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons under laser irradiation
Authors: Onoda Nobuhito , Konabe Satoru , Yamamoto Takahiro , Watanabe Kazuyuki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe calculated the Auger ionization rate between excitons in semiconducting carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons. Because of the enhanced Coulomb interaction, the exciton is ionized into free electron‐hole continuum by the exciton‐exciton scattering.Our calculation shows that the Auger ionization time is small, picosecond order, compared with the other recombination processes, and it is useful to generate free electron‐hole carriers (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First principles prediction of the third conformer of hydrogenated BN sheet
Authors: Bhattacharya A. , Bhattacharya S. , Majumder C. , Das G. P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe report, using first principles density functional calculations, the relative stabilities, structural and electronic properties of various conformers of hydrogenated BN sheet (BHNH). The already known chair and boat BHNH conformers are structurally similar to those of graphane. We propose a third BHNH conformer called ‘stirrup’ which turns out to be the most stable one, as also verified by frequency analysis. In this conformer, the B–H and N–H bonds of a hexagon alternate in 3‐up and 3‐down fashion on either side of the sheet. We also explore that any other alternative hydrogenation of the BN sheet disrupts its periodic puckered geometry and turns out to be energetically less stable. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photo‐capacitance spectroscopy investigation of deep‐level defects in AlGaN/GaN hetero‐structures with different current collapses
Authors: Nakano Yoshitaka , Irokawa Yoshihiro , Sumida Yasunobu , Yagi Shuichi , Kawai Hiroji 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe have investigated electronic deep levels in two AlGaN/GaN hetero‐structures with different current collapses grown at 1150 and 1100 °C by a photo‐capacitance spectroscopy technique, using Schottky barrier diodes. Three specific deep levels located at ∼2.07, ∼2.80, and ∼3.23 eV below the conduction band were found to be significantly enhanced for severe current collapse, being in reasonable agreement with photoluminescence and capacitance–voltage characteristics. These levels probably originate in Ga vacancies and residual C impurities and are probably responsible for the current collapse phenomena of the AlGaN/GaN hetero‐structures. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrosprayed Synthesis of Red‐Blood‐Cell‐Like Particles with Dual Modality for Magnetic Resonance and Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Hayashi Koichiro , Ono Kenji , Suzuki Hiromi , Sawada Makoto , Moriya Makoto , Sakamoto Wataru , Yogo Toshinobu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRed blood cells (RBCs) are able to avoid filtration in the spleen to prolong their half‐time in the body because of their flexibility and unique shape, or a concave disk with diameter of some 10 μm. In addition, they can flow through capillary blood vessels, which are smaller than the diameter of RBCs, by morphing into a parachute‐like shape. In this study, flexible RBC‐like polymer particles are synthesized by electrospraying based on electrospinning. Furthermore, magnetite nanoparticles and fluorescent dye are encapsulated in the particles via in situ hydrolysis of an iron–organic compound in the presence of celluloses. The superparamagnetic behavior of the particles is confirmed by low‐temperature magnetic measurements. The particles exhibited not only a dark contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but also effective fluorescence. The RBC‐like particles with flexibility are demonstrated to have a dual‐modality for MRI and fluorescence imaging.