bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disaster Preparedness in an Australian Urban Trauma Center: Staff Knowledge and Perceptions
Authors: Corrigan Ellen , Samrasinghe Iromi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIntroductionA substantial barrier to improving disaster preparedness in Australia is a lack of prescriptive national guidelines based on individual hospital capabilities. A recent literature review revealed that only one Australian hospital has published data regarding its current preparedness level.ObjectivesTo establish baseline levels of disaster knowledge, preparedness, and willingness to respond to a disaster among one hospital's staff, and thus enable the implementation of national disaster preparedness guidelines based on realistic capabilities of individual hospitals.MethodsAn anonymous questionnaire was distributed to individuals and departments that play key roles in the hospital's external disaster response. Questions concerned prior education and experience specific to disasters, general preparedness knowledge, perceived preparedness of themselves and their department, and willingness to respond to a disaster from a conventional and/or chemical, biological, or radiological incident.ResultsResponses were received from 140 individuals representing nine hospital departments. Eighty-three participants (59.3%) had previously received disaster education; 53 (37.9%) had attended a disaster simulation drill, and 18 (12.9%) had responded to an actual disaster. The average disaster preparedness knowledge score was 3.57 out of 10. The majority of respondents rated themselves as “not really” prepared and were “unsure” of their respective departments’ level of preparedness. Most respondents indicated a willingness to participate in both a conventional incident involving burns and/or physical trauma, and an incident involving chemical, biological or radiological (CBR) weapons.ConclusionsAustralian hospital staff are under-prepared to respond to a disaster because of a lack of education, insufficient simulation exercises, and limited disaster experience. The absence of specific national standards and guidelines through which individual hospitals can develop their capabilities further compounds the poverty in preparedness.CorriganE,SamrasingheI.Disaster preparedness in an Australian urban trauma center: staff knowledge and perceptions.Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(5):1-7.
Willingness to Participate in Disaster Management Among Indian Dental Graduates
Authors: Rajesh G. , Pai Mithun B.H. , Shenoy Ramya , Priya Harsh 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIntroductionIndia has been the focal point of various disasters, and has suffered considerable losses due to the same. Manpower shortage can impede disaster management; hence, including dental professionals in disaster management in India can be crucial.Hypothesis/ProblemTo assess willingness to participate in disaster management among Indian dental graduates; to assess the objective knowledge, attitude, behavior and perceived knowledge regarding disaster management among Indian dental graduates.MethodsAll the interns in Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka were included in the present study. Their willingness to participate in disaster management and their objective knowledge, attitude, behavior and perceived knowledge related to disaster management were assessed using a questionnaire.ResultsA total of 86 study subjects participated. A majority (98.8%) of respondents were willing to participate in disaster management. Mean objective knowledge, attitude, behavior and perceived knowledge scores were 48.65%, 80.26%, 29.85% and 60.80% respectively. Males reported higher perceived knowledge than females (P= .008), and respondents residing in hostels reported higher perceived knowledge than those not residing in hostels (P= .02). Gender showed significant correlations with attitude (r = 4.076,P= .044) and behavior (r = 3.722,P= .054), and residence with behavior of respondents (r = 5.690,P= .017).ConclusionsA high degree of willingness to provide assistance during disasters was observed among undergraduate dental students. High attitude coupled with low knowledge and behavior scores regarding disaster management was also observed. Gender was associated with attitude and behavior, and residence with behavior of respondents regarding disaster management. Including disaster management in dental curricula and involvement of dental professionals in disaster management might be crucial for disaster management in India.RajeshG,PaiMBH,ShenoyR,PriyaH.Willingness to participate in disaster management among Indian dental graduates.Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(5):1-6.
THE SET-THEORETIC MULTIVERSE
Authors: HAMKINS JOEL DAVID 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe multiverse view in set theory, introduced and argued for in this article, is the view that there are many distinct concepts of set, each instantiated in a corresponding set-theoretic universe. The universe view, in contrast, asserts that there is an absolute background set concept, with a corresponding absolute set-theoretic universe in which every set-theoretic question has a definite answer. The multiverse position, I argue, explains our experience with the enormous range of set-theoretic possibilities, a phenomenon that challenges the universe view. In particular, I argue that the continuum hypothesis is settled on the multiverse view by our extensive knowledge about how it behaves in the multiverse, and as a result it can no longer be settled in the manner formerly hoped for.
Mercury in Groupers and Sea Basses from the Gulf of Mexico: Relationships with Size, Age, and Feeding Ecology
Authors: Tremain Derek M. , Adams Douglas H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe analyzed total mercury concentration in muscle tissue of 15 serranid species (n = 1,401 fish) collected from the Gulf of Mexico and also developed a comprehensive model relating two commonly used mercury analysis methods. There was considerable interspecific and intraspecific variability in mercury within groupers and sea basses. Mean mercury concentration for individual species ranged from 0.03 to 0.91 mg/kg wet weight across all size ranges, and for legally harvestable grouper and sea bass concentrations were 0.32 mg/kg and 0.09 mg/kg, respectively. Mercury in individual fish ranged from 0.01 to 3.3 mg/kg. Approximately 23% of all grouper samples analyzed contained mercury at concentrations that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's methylmercury consumption guidance criterion for humans (0.3 mg/kg). Mercury in legally harvestable individuals of some species exceeded 0.5 mg/kg, and harvestable black grouper Mycteroperca bonaci had a mean mercury concentration greater than 1.0 mg/kg. A positive relationship was observed between total mercury content and both fish length and fish age. For species that feed principally on fishes (e.g., gag M. microlepis and scamp M. phenax), mean mercury concentration was greater than that for species that feed mainly on invertebrates (e.g., red grouper Epinephelus morio and sand perch Diplectrum formosum). Although overall mean mercury concentrations were relatively low, for six species the maximum mercury concentration was at a level that has been associated with sublethal effects on fish physiology and with human health risks. Current grouper management regulations in the Gulf of Mexico select for a fishery of the largest and oldest individuals, which have the greatest mercury burdens. The species‐ and size‐specific mercury data from this study can be used to inform at‐risk human populations, refine regional fish consumption advisories, and further our understanding of mercury bioaccumulation in these important fishery species.
A trap with a twist: evaluating a bycatch reduction device to prevent rockfish capture in crustacean traps
Authors: Favaro Brett , Duff Stefanie D. , Côté Isabelle M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFavaro, B., Duff, S. D., and Côté, I. M. 2013. A trap with a twist: evaluating a bycatch reduction device to prevent rockfish capture in crustacean traps. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70:114–122. Bycatch, or the incidental capture of non-target species, occurs in fisheries around the world, with often detrimental ecological consequences. Bycatch reduction devices (BRDs) that increase catch specificity have been used successfully in some fisheries, and the development of such devices remains an important component of the global effort to reduce bycatch rates. We tested novel devices designed to exclude juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.) from traps used to catch spot prawns (Pandalus platyceros), a commercially important species in British Columbia, Canada. The devices included reductions in trap opening sizes and novel bent-tunnel openings. Reducing trap opening size did not affect bycatch rates of rockfish or other non-target fish species. In contrast, bent-tunnel BRDs eliminated rockfish bycatch, and two of the bent-tunnel variants also excluded other fish species. However, prawn catch rates were reduced in all modified gear, and large prawns were often excluded more than small prawns. Videos recorded in situ revealed that prawn attempts to enter traps took longer and were more likely to fail in BRD-equipped than in unmodified traps. We conclude that bent-tunnel BRDs have the potential to be useful, but improvements are needed to increase prawn catch to levels similar to that of unmodified traps.
Odontonema cuspidatum and Psychotria punctata, Two New Hosts of Cucumber mosaic virus in the United States
Authors: Baker C. A. , Webster C. G. , Adkins S. 
Published: August 2012

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has a reported host range of 750 to 1,200 species (2,3) that includes weeds, wild plants, crops, and ornamentals. Two new CMV hosts were recently identified in Florida. In July 2011, leaves of Odontonema cuspidatum (firespike), a member of the Acanthaceae, with virus-like symptoms were sent to FDACS-DPI. Firespike is an ornamental shrub native to Mexico with evergreen ovate leaves tapering to a pointed tip. Leaf symptoms included severe leaf distortion with some subtle yellowing or mosaic on younger leaves. Pink-red crystals were seen in leaf strips stained with the nucleic acid stain Azure A, indicating a viral infection. In January 2012, leaves of Psychotria punctata (dotted wild coffee), a member of the Rubiaceae, with virus-like symptoms were sent to FDACS-DPI. Dotted wild coffee is a small exotic tropical tree found in south Florida with many tiny leaf nodules inhabited by endosymbiotic bacteria. In addition to the nodules, these leaves had many large dark green ringspots surrounded with a yellow halo. Both samples were positive for CMV when tested with ImmunoStrips and/or by conventional ELISA using CMV antiserum (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). To confirm CMV infection, reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR on total RNA from a leaf sample of each plant species was used with previously published cucumovirus primers (1). An expected ~940 bp product was amplified from each sample and cloned into pGEM-T (Promega, Madison, WI). Ten clones from each plant species were sequenced in both directions. After removal of primer sequences, the 906 bp products were 96.3% identical with each other and showed 96.8 to 98.9% nucleotide identity with CMV sequences from Hungary, the United States, and Austria (GenBank Accession Nos. AF517802, U20668, and HQ916354, respectively). Identification of CMV infection in these two species expands the known host range and therefore the reservoir of this plant virus. This has implications for the ornamental industry in general and Florida farmers in particular. References: (1) S. K. Choi et al. J. Virol. Methods 83:67, 1999. (2) E. J. Sikora. Cucumber Mosaic Virus, Pant Disease Notes, Alabama Cooperative Extensions System, retrieved online at http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-0868/ANR-0868.pdf , 2004. (3) T. A. Zitter and J. F. Murphy. The Plant Health Instructor. DOI: 10.1094/PHI-I-2009-0518-01, 2009.
Single‐agent lenalidomide in relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma: results from a UK phase II study suggest activity and possible gender differences
Authors: Eve Heather E. , Carey Sean , Richardson Sarah J. , Heise Carla C. , Mamidipudi Vidya , Shi Tao , Radford John A. , Auer Rebecca L. , Bullard Sheila H. , Rule Simon A. J. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryWe present data from a phase II study investigating a novel treatment strategy for relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Twenty‐six patients received lenalidomide 25 mg/d (days 1–21 of a 28‐d cycle) for up to 6 cycles followed by low‐dose maintenance lenalidomide (15 mg) in responding patients. Eight patients achieved complete or partial response to give an overall response rate of 31% with median response duration of 22·2 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·0–53·6] and median progression‐free survival (PFS) of 3·9 months (95% CI 0·0–11·1). An additional six patients (23%) achieved stable disease. Eleven patients received maintenance with median PFS of 14·6 months (95% CI 7·3–21·9). Correlative studies showed that peripheral T and Natural Killer (NK) cells increased in responding patients by 40–60% over the first 6 cycles with an initial dip in NK cells suggestive of tumour infiltration. Peripheral regulatory T cells were increased in MCL patients (P = 0·001) and expanded further following lenalidomide. Sequential plasma analysis showed increased IL12 p40 and IL7 alongside decreased MMP9, IL10, and adiponectin. Finally, a significant correlation (P = 0·02) between gender and response suggested that female MCL patients were more sensitive to lenalidomide than males. In summary, we confirm the activity, safety and immunomodulatory properties of lenalidomide in MCL and highlight its potential as a low‐dose maintenance agent.
Subtle CD20 positivity in the bone marrow of a patient who has a mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma should not be regarded as evidence of involvement in the bone marrow
Authors: Won Dahae , Park Chan‐Jeoung , Shim Hyoeun , Jang Seongsoo , Chi Hyun‐Sook , Huh Jooryung , Yoon Dok Hyun , Suh Cheolwon 
Published: August 2012

Aims:  Bone marrow (BM) biopsies of some mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma patients show scattered or small clusters of CD20+ cells without definite lesions (subtle CD20 positivity). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of BM involvement and subtle CD20 positivity in 122 patients diagnosed with MALT lymphoma.Methods and results:  Patients were divided into three categories: BM involvement [BM(+)], subtle CD20 positivity, and no BM involvement [BM(−)]. Eleven (9%) showed BM involvement, and 17 (14%) showed subtle CD20 positivity. BM(+) patients had significantly worse progression‐free survival (PFS) than BM(−) patients [hazard ratio (HR) 6.25, P = 0.01], but there was no significant difference between subtle CD20 positivity and BM(−) patients. Patients with >30 CD3+ cells among 100 nucleated cells in the areas with increased numbers of CD3+ cells had significantly worse PFS than those with <15 CD3+ cells (HR 5.49, P = 0.02). BM(+) patients with >30 CD3+ cells had worse PFS than those with ≤30 CD3+ cells (P = 0.029), with an extent of BM(+) involvement of >10% positively correlating with >30 CD3+ cells (P = 0.015).Conclusions:  Patients with BM(+) MALT lymphoma showed significantly worse PFS than those with subtle CD20 positivity and BM(−) MALT lymphoma, but the PFS of patients with subtle CD20 positivity MALT lymphoma was not significantly different from that of those with BM(−) MALT lymphoma. Increased numbers of BM T cells in MALT lymphoma patients might be suggestive of a worse prognosis.
New developments in endocervical glandular lesions
Authors: McCluggage W Glenn 
Published: August 2012

McCluggage W G  (2012) Histopathology New developments in endocervical glandular lesionsThere is evidence that the prevalence of premalignant and malignant endocervical glandular lesions is increasing in real as well as in apparent terms. In this review, new developments and selected controversial aspects of endocervical glandular lesions are covered, concentrating mainly on premalignant and malignant lesions. The terminology of premalignant endocervical glandular lesions is discussed with a comparison of the World Health Organization classification and the cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN) system, which is in widespread use in the United Kingdom. Primary cervical adenocarcinomas comprise a heterogeneous group of different morphological types, and while it is known that the majority of these are associated with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV), it has become clear in recent years that most of the more uncommon morphological types are unassociated with HPV, although they may sometimes be p16‐positive. A spectrum of benign, premalignant and malignant cervical glandular lesions exhibiting gastric differentiation is now recognized; these include type A tunnel clusters, typical and atypical lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia, adenoma malignum and gastric‐type adenocarcinoma. The latter is a recently described variant of primary cervical adenocarcinoma which has a different morphological appearance to the usual endocervical type and which is probably associated with different patterns of spread and a worse prognosis. There is accumulating evidence that ‘early invasive’ cervical adenocarcinomas have an excellent prognosis and are suitable for conservative management. Immunohistochemical markers of value in the distinction between a primary cervical and endometrial adenocarcinoma are discussed. While it is well known that a panel of markers comprising oestrogen receptor (ER), vimentin, p16 and monoclonal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is useful, several major pitfalls are pointed out and this panel of markers is predominantly of value in ‘low‐grade’ adenocarcinomas. A related group of lesions, including cervical ectopic prostatic tissue and vaginal tubulosquamous polyp, are probably derived from para‐urethral Skene’s glands and may be positive with prostatic markers. Recent developments in cervical neuroendocrine neoplasms are discussed, as these are associated not uncommonly with a premalignant or malignant endocervical glandular lesion.
Can exercise training rescue the adverse cardiometabolic effects of low birth weight and prematurity?
Authors: Siebel Andrew L , Carey Andrew L , Kingwell Bronwyn A 
Published: August 2012

Summary

Being born preterm and/or small for gestational age are well‐established risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in adulthood.

Physical activity has the potential to mitigate against the detrimental cardiometabolic effects of low birth weight from two perspectives: (i) maternal exercise prior to and during pregnancy; and (ii) exercise during childhood or adulthood for those born small or prematurely.

Evidence from epidemiological birth cohort studies suggests that the effects of moderate‐intensity physical activity during pregnancy on mean birth weight are small, but reduce the risk of either high or low birth weight infants. In contrast, vigorous and/or high‐intensity exercise during pregnancy has been associated with reduced birth weight.

In childhood and adolescence, exercise ability is compromised in extremely low birth weight individuals (< 1000 g), but only marginally reduced in those of very low to low birth weight (1000–2500 g).

Epidemiological studies show that the association between birth weight and metabolic disease is lost in physically fit individuals and, consistently, that the association between low birth weight and metabolic syndrome is accentuated in unfit individuals.

Physical activity intervention studies indicate that most cardiometabolic risk factors respond to exercise in a protective manner, independent of birth weight.

The mechanisms by which exercise may protect low birth weight individuals include restoration of muscle mass, reduced adiposity and enhanced β‐cell mass and function, as well as effects on both aerobic and anaerobic muscle metabolism, including substrate utilization and mitochondrial function. Vascular and cardiac adaptations are also likely important, but are less well studied.
Acute Surgical Unit at Auckland City Hospital: a descriptive analysis
Authors: Hsee Li , Devaud Marcelo , Middelberg Lisa , Jones Wayne , Civil Ian 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLack of timely assessment and access to acute operating rooms is a worldwide problem and also exists in New Zealand hospitals. To address these issues, an Acute Surgical Unit (ASU) was set up at Auckland City Hospital (ACH) in January 2009. This service has evolved and been modified to address the specific needs of acute surgical patients of ACH. Despite initial challenges inherent to setting up a new service, the Unit has been in steady operation and enhanced its performance over time. This paper is a descriptive analysis of the design of the ACH ASU and discusses some of the indications for streamlining acute surgical services at a large tertiary metropolitan hospital in New Zealand. Performance of the ASU has shown benefits for acute patients and the Hospital. The acute surgical rotation has also been beneficial for surgical training.
Bacteriology laboratories and musculoskeletal tissue banks in Australia
Authors: Varettas Kerry 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn Australia, there are six Therapeutic Goods Administration–licensed clinical bacteriology laboratories providing bacterial and fungal bioburden testing of allograft musculoskeletal samples sent from 10 tissue banks. Musculoskeletal swab and/or tissue biopsy samples are collected at the time of allograft retrieval and sent to bacteriology laboratories for bioburden testing, in some cases requiring interstate transport. Bacteria and fungi may be present within the allograft at the time of retrieval or contaminated from an external source. The type of organism recovered will determine if the allograft is rejected for transplant, which may include all allografts from the same donor. Bacteriology staff also provides unpaid support of tissue banks through meeting involvement, consultations, licence‐related activities, validations and research funded by their organisation and not part of any contractual agreement. Bacteriology laboratories and tissue banks must be compliant to the Code of Good Manufacturing Practice – Human Blood and Tissues and regulated by the Therapeutic Goods Administration. Clinical bacteriology laboratories also require mandatory accreditation to Standards Australia International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) 15189:2009 medical laboratories – particular requirements for quality and competence, and may also attain Standards Australia/New Zealand Standard ISO 9001:2000 quality management systems certification. Bacteriology laboratories and musculoskeletal tissue banks are integral partners in providing safe allograft musculoskeletal tissue for transplant.