bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Menschenwürde und Autonomie bei medizinethischen Entscheidungen am Lebensende
Authors: Derler Florian 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Respektieren der Menschenwürde ist zweifellos ein zentraler Bestandteil des klinischen Alltags und von medizinethischen Evaluationen. Manche Aspekte der Menschenwürde unterliegen im Laufe des Lebens einer gewissen Wandlung. Wenn die Fähigkeit zur freien Willensbildung eingeschränkt ist, kann es erschwert sein, den individuellen Vorstellungen einer würdevollen Behandlung gerecht zu werden, was speziell am Lebensende an Bedeutung gewinnt. Anhand einer Kasuistik soll demonstriert werden, welche moralischen Problemstellungen auftreten können, wenn aktuelle Willensbekundungen des Patienten gegensätzlich sind zu dem, was vorausverfügt wurde oder den Angehörigen vertraut ist. Bei der klinischen Entscheidungsfindung kann die Betonung der Willensfestlegung in einer Patientenverfügung so weit führen, dass Menschenwürde auf Autonomie reduziert wird. Ein auf Autonomie reduziertes Konzept der Menschenwürde geht aber am Kern sowohl einer würdezentrierten Medizin als auch der partizipativen Entscheidungsfindung vorbei. Komplementäre Aspekte der Menschenwürde, wie beispielsweise Authentizität und Selbstaktualisierung, müssen berücksichtigt werden. Außerdem sollte die Medizin als solche den Tod nicht marginalisieren, sondern eine Versorgung, die die Prinzipien der menschlichen Interaktion und einer umfänglichen Auffassung von Würde fokussiert, anbieten.
Increase in acute mastoiditis at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Goldberg-Bockhorn Eva , Hurzlmeier Clara , Vahl Julius M. , Stupp Franziska , Janda Aleš , von Baum Heike , Hoffmann Thomas K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Common respiratory infections were significantly reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic due to general protective and hygiene measures. The gradual withdrawal of these non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) was associated with a notable increase in these infections, particularly in pediatric and adult otorhinolaryngology. The aim of this retrospective monocentric study was to evaluate the impact of NPI during the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence and severity of acute mastoiditis (AM).

Methods
Pre-pandemic clinical data of AM cases from 2011 to 2019 were compared with infection counts from January 2020 to June 2023 for seasonal periodicity, age-specific differences, pathogens, and complication rates in a German third-level hospital.

Results
Out of 196 patients with AM 133 were children, the majority between 1 and 5 years of age. Complications of AM, such as meningitis, brain abscess, and sinus vein thrombosis, were more common in adults (87%) than in children (17%). Morbidity and mortality rates were similar before, during and after the pandemic. Pneumococci were the most common pathogen in both age groups, with a post-pandemic cumulation of Streptococcus pyogenes infections in children. While pre-pandemic cases clustered in spring, seasonality was absent in all age groups during the main phase of the pandemic. The cessation of NPI caused a steep rise in AM cases in both age groups starting from December 2022.

Conclusion
NPI during the COVID-19 pandemic reduced the incidence of AM. Their reversal led to a substantial increase in the incidence of AM during the post-pandemic period, which may be due to a general increase in viral respiratory infections and an insufficiently trained immune system.
Digital pathology structure and deployment in Veneto: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Eccher Albino , Marletta Stefano , Sbaraglia Marta , Guerriero Angela , Rossi Mattia , Gambaro Giovanni , Scarpa Aldo , Dei Tos Angelo Paolo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNowadays pathology laboratories are worldwide facing a digital revolution, with an increasing number of institutions adopting digital pathology (DP) and whole slide imaging solutions. Despite indeed providing novel and helpful advantages, embracing a whole DP workflow is still challenging, especially for wide healthcare networks. The Azienda Zero of the Veneto Italian region has begun a process of a fully digital transformation of an integrated network of 12 hospitals producing nearly 3 million slides per year. In the present article, we describe the planning stages and the operative phases needed to support such a disruptive transition, along with the initial preliminary results emerging from the project. The ultimate goal of the DP program in the Veneto Italian region is to improve patients’ clinical care through a safe and standardized process, encompassing a total digital management of pathology samples, easy file sharing with experienced colleagues, and automatic support by artificial intelligence tools.
Preferences of physicians for treatment-related toxicity vs. recurrence in melanoma (GERMELATOX-A): the doctors’ perspective
Authors: Kähler Katharina C. , Gutzmer Ralf , Angela Yenny , Livingstone Elisabeth , Lodde Georg , Meiss Frank , Rafei-Shamsabadi David A. , Weyer-Fahlbusch Sera S. , Nashan Dorothée , Loquai Carmen , Hassel Jessica C. , Sachse Michael M. M. , Maul Lara V. , Heinzerling Lucie , Heppt Markus V. , Colapietro Chiara , Rusch Judith , Blome Christine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Adjuvant treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD1-antibodies (ICI) ± CTLA4-antibodies (cICI) or targeted therapy with BRAF/MEK inhibitors (TT), has shown a significant improvement in disease-free survival (DFS) for high-risk melanoma patients. However, due to specific side effects, the choice of treatment is often influenced by the risk of toxicity. Therefore, the role of physicians in treatment decisions of patients is crucial. This study investigated for the first time in a multicenter setting the attitudes and preferences of dermatooncologists in Germany and Switzerland regarding adjuvant treatment with (c)ICI and TT.

Methods
In the GERMELATOX-A study, 108 physicians (median age: 32 yrs, 67.6% female) from 11 skin cancer centers were surveyed to rate typical side effect scenarios of (c)ICI and TT treatments and then compared to patients’ ratings evaluated in a previous analysis from the same centers. The scenarios described mild-to-moderate or severe toxicity and included melanoma relapse leading to death. The physicians were asked about the level of side effects they would tolerate in exchange for a reduction in melanoma relapse and an increase in survival at 5 years.

Results
The preferences of physicians and patients revealed significant differences regarding adjuvant melanoma treatment with (c)ICI and TT (p < 0.05). Compared to patients, physicians tend to value a melanoma relapse less severe, according to a visual analog scale. They were also less threatened by all scenarios of side effects during adjuvant treatment with (c)ICI or TT, compared to patients. Physicians required lower risk reductions for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for both ICI and TT and their drug-related side effects to accept these treatments. In case of severe side effects, physicians required similar 5-year DFS rates for ICI and TT (60–65%), while patients needed a 15% improvement of 5-year DFS for ICI compared to TT (80%/65%). For survival, physicians expected an OS improvement of + 10% for all three treatment modalities, whereas patients required a higher increase: + 18–22% for ICI and + 15% for TT.

Conclusion
Our study highlights the importance of understanding the patient’s perspective and a potential difference to the doctor’s view when making decisions about adjuvant melanoma treatment with (c)ICI and TT, especially as these treatments are increasingly being implemented in earlier stages.
A Proof of a Frankl–Kupavskii Conjecture on Intersecting Families
Authors: Banerjee Agnijo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA family $$\mathcal {F} \subset \mathcal {P}(n)$$

F
⊂
P
(
n
)

is r-wisek-intersecting if $$|A_1 \cap \dots \cap A_r| \ge k$$

|

A
1

∩
⋯
∩

A
r

|
≥
k

for any $$A_1, \dots , A_r \in \mathcal {F}$$

A
1

,
⋯
,

A
r

∈
F

. It is easily seen that if $$\mathcal {F}$$
F
is r-wise k-intersecting for $$r \ge 2$$

r
≥
2

, $$k \ge 1$$

k
≥
1

then $$|\mathcal {F}| \le 2^{n-1}$$

|
F
|

≤

2

n
-
1

. The problem of determining the maximum size of a family $$\mathcal {F}$$
F
that is both $$r_1$$

r
1

-wise $$k_1$$

k
1

-intersecting and $$r_2$$

r
2

-wise $$k_2$$

k
2

-intersecting was raised in 2019 by Frankl and Kupavskii (Combinatorica 39:1255–1266, 2019). They proved the surprising result that, for $$(r_1,k_1) = (3,1)$$

(

r
1

,

k
1

)

=

(
3
,
1
)

and $$(r_2,k_2) = (2,32)$$

(

r
2

,

k
2

)

=

(
2
,
32
)

then this maximum is at most $$2^{n-2}$$

2

n
-
2

, and conjectured the same holds if $$k_2$$

k
2

is replaced by 3. In this paper we shall not only prove this conjecture but we shall also determine the exact maximum for $$(r_1,k_1) = (3,1)$$

(

r
1

,

k
1

)

=

(
3
,
1
)

and $$(r_2,k_2) = (2,3)$$

(

r
2

,

k
2

)

=

(
2
,
3
)

for all n.
Sex-driven factors associated with anxiety and depression in autoimmune diabetes
Authors: Saudelli Enrico , Moscatiello Simona , Baldari Michele , Bongiorno Claudio , Zucchini Stefano , Maltoni Giulio , Agostini Alessandro , Paccapelo Alexandro , Nardi Elena , Ribichini Danilo , Bruco Alessia , Lo Preiato Valentina , Laffi Gilberto , Pagotto Uberto , Di Dalmazi Guido 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aim
To analyze the prevalence of anxiety and depression in a large cohort of adults with autoimmune diabetes, identifying sex-driven associated factors.

Materials and methods
In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 553 consecutive adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults who came to the Division of Endocrinology of the S.Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna (Italy), to receive their second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We administered the questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Diabetes Distress Scale, Diabetes-related Quality of Life, Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire. We collected clinical and biochemical data and 14 days glucose metrics in patients with sensor use > 70% in a time span of ± 4 months from the questionnaires’ administration. We excluded 119 patients from our analyses with missing data (final cohort n = 434: 79% of those enrolled).

Results
Anxiety and depression prevalence was respectively 30.4% and 10.8%. According to the multivariate analysis, higher diabete-related emotional burden, lower treatment satisfaction, but not physician-related distress, were risk factors for anxiety and depression; female sex was associated with anxiety (OR 0.51, 95% 0.31–0.81; p = 0.005); in women, depression was associated with increasing age (males vs. females OR 0.96 per 1 year increase, 95% CI 0.92–1.00; p = 0.036), whilst in men with HbA1c (OR 1.08 per 1 mmol/mol increase, 95% CI 1.03–1.13; p = 0.002).

Conclusion
Nearly 1/3 of patients with autoimmune diabetes suffers from anxiety and 1/10 from depression. These conditions are associated with independent modifiable and non-modifiable characteristics. For depression, these characteristics differ between males and females.
“Outcome of non-surgical periodontal treatment on Gal-1 and Gal-3 GCF levels in periodontitis patients: a case-control study”
Authors: Tarrad Nayroz Abdel Fattah , Shaker Olfat Gamil , Elbanna Riham Mohamed Hassan , AbdelKawy Maha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to explore the effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on Galectin-1 and -3 GCF levels in gingivitis and periodontitis stage III compared to periodontally healthy individuals, to determine whether they could serve as diagnostic markers / therapeutic targets for periodontitis and revealing their possible role in periodontal disease.

Materials and methods
Forty-five systemically healthy participants were included and equally subdivided into three groups: gingivitis, periodontitis (stage III), and a periodontally healthy control group. The clinical parameters were recorded. Galectin-1 and -3 GCF levels were evaluated (before and after non-surgical treatment for periodontitis) using an enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to reveal sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of both markers.

Results
The study showed statistical significance between different groups regarding Galectin-3 with higher values in periodontitis and the lowest values in healthy control. Also, Galectin-1 was significantly higher in the periodontitis/gingivitis groups than in the control group. Moreover, non-surgical periodontal treatment in periodontitis patients caused a statistical reduction in clinical parameters and biomarkers. ROC analysis revealed excellent diagnostic ability of both biomarkers in discriminating periodontitis/gingivitis against healthy individuals (100% diagnostic accuracy for Galectin-1 and 93% for Galectin-3, AUC > 0.9) and acceptable diagnostic ability between periodontitis participants against gingivitis (73% diagnostic accuracy for Gal-1 and 80% for Gal-3, AUC > 0.7).

Conclusions
Both Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 seem to have outstanding diagnostic accuracy for the identification of periodontal disease, an acceptable ability to measure periodontal disease activity and the severity of inflammatory status. Additionally, they could serve as therapeutic targets to monitor treatment efficiency.

Clinicaltrial.gov registration number
(NCT06038812).
A Measurement Invariance Analysis of the Anxiety Scale for Autism–Adults in a Sample of Autistic and Non-Autistic Men and Women
Authors: Moore Heather L. , Freeston Mark , Rodgers Jacqui , Cassidy Sarah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Anxiety Scale for Autism-Adults (ASA-A) captures the autistic anxiety experience, but we do not know whether it is structurally equivalent for men and women, or non-autistic people. Measurement invariance analysis considered gender and diagnostic status (342 cis-gender autistic men (N = 105) and women (N = 237), 316 cis-gender non-autistic men (N = 104) and women (N = 212)). Strict invariance was achieved between autistic men and women and between non-autistic men and women, but the ASA-A structure is quantitatively different in autistic compared to non-autistic adults. Therefore, this tool cannot be used to directly compare anxiety between these groups. Autistic women scored significantly higher on the ASA-A than autistic men and Uncertainty was the highest scoring factor for autistic participants. Future research should include alternative gender identities.
Understanding Work Ability in Employees with Pain and Stress-Related Ill-Health: An Explorative Network Analysis of Individual Characteristics and Psychosocial Work Environment
Authors: Zetterberg Hedvig , Zhao Xiang , Bergbom Sofia , Golovchanova Nadezhda , Flink Ida , Boersma Katja 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
There is a wide range of individual and work environment factors that influence work ability among workers with pain and stress-related ill-health. The multiple interactions and overlap between these factors are insufficiently understood, and a network approach could mitigate limitations of previous research. This pilot study aimed to explore interactions between individual characteristics and psychosocial work environment and potential links to long-term work ability.

Methods
Prospective data from a prevention project was used. Individuals (N = 147) with pain and/or stress-related ill-health (95% women) at public sector workplaces filled out baseline questionnaires about a collection of individual and work environment factors, which were used for constructing undirected networks. The model was run in three subsamples of workplaces. Finally, a separate model was established with work ability at 6-month follow-up as outcome variable. A shortest pathway analysis was calculated to identify mediators of work ability.

Results
Symptom catastrophizing and perceived stress were the most influential factors in all network models. Symptom catastrophizing and pain-disability risk were found to mediate the relation between perceived stress and long-term work ability. Further, demand-control-support factors were interrelated, and patterns of interaction differed between different types of workplaces.

Conclusion
The findings support the importance of individual factors, specifically symptom catastrophizing in an individual’s coping with pain or stress-problems and its influence on long-term work ability. Catastrophizing might play a role in stress-related disorders which should be further investigated. Individual and work environment factors interact and vary across context, which needs to be taken into consideration to prevent pain and stress-related ill-health at work.
Fault-tolerant quantum computation using low-cost joint measurements
Authors: Kang Yujin , Lee Jonghyun , Ha Jinyoung , Heo Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe introduce a new method to implement joint measurements using a 4-qubit twist defect on a rotated surface code. The proposed method enables us to perform logicalS(Phase gate),T($$\pi /8$$π/8gate), andH(Hadamard) with low overhead. Combined with other universal quantum gates, we can implement fault-tolerant quantum computation at the lattice surgery level beyond the gate level while saving considerable resources. We compare our method with previous methods using benchmark circuits by calculating the space and time costs. The proposed method requires additional lines of physical qubits for each encoded patch. Although it slightly increases the space cost for logicalHcompared to the previous work, it reduces the time cost. In addition, the proposed method decreases the space cost and time cost by introducing a 4-qubit twist defect for logicalSandT. Therefore, the overall space-time cost is reduced.
Valorization of local agricultural by-products as nutritional substrates for Tenebrio molitor larvae: A sustainable approach to alternative protein production
Authors: Vrontaki Mariastela , Adamaki-Sotiraki Christina , Rumbos Christos I. , Anastasiadis Anastasios , Athanassiou Christos G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn pursuit of sustainable protein sources, the agricultural sector and emerging edible insect industry intersect in the valorization of agricultural by-products. Establishing a mutually beneficial relationship involves utilizing agricultural by-products as feeding substrates for insect farming, potentially enhancing the sustainability of both sectors. In the present study, by-products from beer, rice, oat, maize, sunflower, and lucerne, as well as mill residues and spent mushroom substrate from the regions of Thessaly and Central Macedonia (Greece) were investigated as nutritional sources for the larvae of the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Results show that the suitability of the tested by-products for rearing T. molitor larvae varies greatly, with larvae surviving better in some by-products than in others. The highest survival rate and the highest weight of larvae were recorded for larvae reared on rice bran, spent grains, and oat by-products. Similarly, high feed conversion and growth rate were observed when the larvae were fed with rice bran and spent grains. Thus, this research promotes cost-effective and sustainable T. molitor rearing, aligning with circular economy principles.
Assessment of organizational carbon footprints in a denim-washing company: a systematic approach to indirect non-energy emissions
Authors: Aykaç Özen Hülya , Vayiç Bahar , Çoruh Semra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs stated in the 2016 Paris Agreement, concerns about global climate change and carbon emissions have increased, and organizations, in particular, have embarked on an annual measurement process to estimate their contribution to global climate change. Carbon footprint, one of the measurement methods, is a widely applied tool to assess the environmental impact of organizations. This study presents a real case study of a denim-washing company’s activities based on ISO standard calculation methods of greenhouse gas emissions. Accordingly, the annual carbon footprint of the denim-washing company was 2482.09 tCO2e for the year 2021 in total for the overall carbon footprint. Direct emission was calculated at 1575.75 tCO2e, indirect energy–related emission at 798.09 tCO2e, and indirect non-energy–related emission at 108.25 tCO2e. The highest CO2 emissions are related to heating from greenhouse gas direct emission sources, followed by purchased electricity consumption, and the lowest CO2 emissions are related to fire–CO2 tube storage. In conclusion, this study is particular in that it analyzes not only the specific processes of a denim-washing company but also the overall organizational carbon footprint calculation, assesses the importance of indirect non-energy in the total carbon footprint, and evaluates the calculation findings with sector-specific mitigation strategies.
Improving Writing Feedback for Struggling Writers: Generative AI to the Rescue?
Authors: Evmenova Anya S. , Regan Kelley , Mergen Reagan , Hrisseh Roba 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGenerative AI has the potential to support teachers with writing instruction and feedback. The purpose of this study was to explore and compare feedback and data-based instructional suggestions from teachers and those generated by different AI tools. Essays from students with and without disabilities who struggled with writing and needed a technology-based writing intervention were analyzed. The essays were imported into two versions of ChatGPT using four different prompts, whereby eight sets of responses were generated. Inductive thematic analysis was used to explore the data sets. Findings indicated: (a) differences in responses between ChatGPT versions and prompts, (b) AI feedback on student writing did not reflect provided student characteristics (e.g., grade level or needs; disability; ELL status), and (c) ChatGPT’s responses to the essays aligned with teachers’ identified areas of needs and instructional decisions to some degree. Suggestions for increasing educator engagement with AI to enhance teaching writing is discussed.