bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clean cord care practices and neonatal mortality: evidence from rural Uttar Pradesh, India: Table 1
Authors: Agrawal Praween K , Agrawal Sutapa , Mullany Luke C , Darmstadt Gary L , Kumar Vishwajeet , Kiran Usha , Ahuja Ramesh C , Srivastava Vinod K , Santosham Mathuram , Black Robert E , Baqui Abdullah H 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundAbout a million newborns die each year in India, accounting for about a fourth of total global neonatal deaths. Infections are among the leading causes of neonatal mortality. Care practices immediately following delivery contribute to newborns' risk of infection and mortality.ObjectivesThis study examined the association between clean cord care practices and neonatal mortality in rural Uttar Pradesh, India.MethodsThe study used data from a household survey conducted to evaluate a community-based intervention program in two districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. Analysis included data from 5741 singleton live births delivered at home during 2005. The association between clean cord care (clean instrument used to cut cord, clean thread used to tie cord and antiseptics or nothing applied to the cord) and neonatal mortality was estimated using multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsThirty per cent of the study mothers practiced clean cord care. Neonatal mortality rate was significantly lower among newborns exposed to clean cord care (36.5/1000 live births, 95% CI 28.0 to 46.8) than those who did not practice (53.0/1000 live births, 95% CI 46.1 to 60.6). Clean cord care was associated with 37% lower neonatal mortality (OR=0.63; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.87) after adjusting for mother's age, education, caste/tribe, religion, household wealth, newborn thermal care practice and care-seeking during the first week after birth and study arms.ConclusionsPromoting clean cord care practice among neonates in community-based maternal and newborn care programs has the potential to improve neonatal survival in rural India and similar other settings.
Towards the next generation of public health research in India: a call for a health equity lens
Authors: Mohindra K S , Mukherjee Subrata , Khan Shamshad , Thresia C U 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundPublic health research is at a cross road in India. Despite a high level of health needs and new public health challenges arising in the context of rapid economic growth and social change, public health research is not keeping up with the needs of Indian society. There are, however, new initiatives creating opportunities to increase public health research, thereby raising debates about public health research priorities.ObjectiveIn this paper, the authors offer their own view on an agenda for the next generation of public health research in India.FindingsThe authors first outline the main reasons why they believe that public health research has been sidelined in India. Then, the authors argue that health equity should be the overarching principle guiding a public health research agenda. The authors suggest how to integrate equity-oriented strategies into the public health research agenda and propose some key research questions that require urgent attention from their respective disciplines.
Mobilising community collectivisation among female sex workers to promote STI service utilisation from the government healthcare system in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Parimi Prabhakar , Mishra Ram Manohar , Tucker Saroj , Saggurti Niranjan 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundTo assess the association between female sex workers' (FSWs) degree of community collectivisation and self-efficacy, utilisation of sexually transmitted infection (STI) services from government-run health centres in Andhra Pradesh, India.MethodsCross-sectional analyses of 1986 FSWs recruited using a probability-based sampling from five districts of Andhra Pradesh during 2010–2011. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to assess associations. The independent variables included—collective efficacy, collective agency and collective action—measured using a series of items that assessed the grouping of the community on issues that concern most sex workers. An additional independent variable included FSWs belonging to an area where there was a project partnership with government health centres to provide STI treatment services to FSWs. The outcome indicators included self-efficacy for service utilisation from government health facilities and the treatment for STIs from government health facilities at least once in the past year experience of STI symptoms.ResultsOf the 1986 FSWs, nearly two-fifths (39.5%) reported a high level of overall collectivisation (collective efficacy: 89%, collective agency: 50.7%; collective action: 12.7%). Sex workers with a high degree compared with low degree of overall collectivisation were significantly more likely to report high self-efficacy to use government health facilities (75.0% vs 57.3%, adjusted OR 2.5, 95% CI 2.0 to 3.1) and to use government health centres for STI treatment in past 1 year (78.1% vs 63.2%, adjusted OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.8), irrespective of project partnership with government centres.ConclusionThe current research findings reinforce the need for stronger community mobilisation for better utilisation of government health facilities for STI and HIV prevention interventions.
Middle Pleistocene landforms in the Danish Sector of the southern North Sea imaged on 3D seismic data
Authors: Müther Dagmar , Back Stefan , Reuning Lars , Kukla Peter , Lehmkuhl Frank 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Despite a long history of investigation, several critical issues regarding the glacial history of NW Europe, particularly in currently marine areas, remain unsolved. In this study, we present a comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) seismic interpretation of an area measuring 2000 km
2
in the western part of the Danish North Sea that exhibits several buried Quaternary landforms. Well data are used to assign minimum and maximum ages for the studied sedimentary succession. The most prominent buried landforms are three large-scale tunnel valleys of probable Saalian age that extend over more than 20 km across the western and southern part of the study area. These valleys most probably formed through subglacial meltwater erosion close to the termination of a former ice sheet. In the southern part of the study area, an extensive network of small-scale, dendritic seismic lineations interpreted as a palaeo-drainage system characterizes the landward termination of one major tunnel valley. This drainage system was active either contemporaneously or shortly after the development of the tunnel valley. Interpretation of this system as contemporaneous to tunnel-valley formation suggests that steady-state subglacial meltwater discharge was funnelled through a drainage system into the main tunnel valley. In contrast, interpretation of the drainage network as post-incisional points to the development of a post-glacial river system re-using the pre-existing tunnel valley as a downstream fluvial pathway. This uncertainty in the interpretation has important consequences for prediction of the rock content and reservoir characteristics of the tunnel-valley infill, in that either meltwater deposits or fluvial sediments form a considerable part of the tunnel-valley infill.
Lyn Kinase Mediates Cell Motility and Tumor Growth in EGFRvIII-Expressing Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Wheeler Sarah E. , Morariu Elena M. , Bednash Joseph S. , Otte Charlton G. , Seethala Raja R. , Chiosea Simion I. , Grandis Jennifer R. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Purpose: EGF receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) has been detected in several cancers in which tumors expressing this truncated growth factor receptor show more aggressive behavior. The molecular mechanisms that contribute to EGFRvIII-mediated tumor progression that are amenable to targeted therapy are incompletely understood. The present study aimed to better define the role of Src family kinases (SFKs) in EGFRvIII-mediated cell motility and tumor growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC).
Experimental Design: HNSCC models expressing EGFRvIII were treated with dasatinib, a pharmacologic inhibitor of SFKs.
Results: SFK inhibition significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of EGFRvIII-expressing HNSCC cells. Administration of dasatinib to mice bearing EGFRvIII-expressing HNSCC xenografts resulted in a significant reduction of tumor volume compared with controls. Immunoprecipitation with anti-c-Src, Lyn, Fyn, and Yes antibodies followed by immunoblotting for phosphorylation of the SFK activation site (Y416) showed specific activation of Lyn kinase in EGFRvIII-expressing HNSCC cell lines and human HNSCC tumor specimens. Selective inhibition of Lyn using siRNA decreased cell migration and invasion of EGFRvIII-expressing HNSCCs compared with vector control cells.
Conclusions: These findings show that Lyn mediates tumor progression of EGFRvIII-expressing HNSCCs in which strategies to inhibit SFK may represent an effective therapeutic strategy. Clin Cancer Res; 18(10); 2850–60. ©2012 AACR.
Evaluation of Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor DNA in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Association with Clinical Endpoints in a Phase II Clinical Trial of Pertuzumab and Erlotinib
Authors: Punnoose Elizabeth A. , Atwal Siminder , Liu Weiqun , Raja Rajiv , Fine Bernard M. , Hughes Brett G.M. , Hicks Rodney J. , Hampton Garret M. , Amler Lukas C. , Pirzkall Andrea , Lackner Mark R. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Elevated levels or increases in circulating tumor cells (CTC) portend poor prognosis in patients with epithelial cancers. Less is known about CTCs as surrogate endpoints or their use for predictive biomarker evaluation. This study investigated the utility of CTC enumeration and characterization using the CellSearch platform, as well as mutation detection in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Experimental Design: Forty-one patients were enrolled in a single-arm phase II clinical trial of erlotinib and pertuzumab. Peripheral blood was analyzed for CTC enumeration, EGFR expression in CTCs, and detection of oncogenic mutations in CTCs and ctDNA. Changes in CTC levels were correlated with 2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose–positron emission tomographic (FDG-PET) and computed tomographic (CT) imaging and survival endpoints.
Results: CTCs were detected (≥1 CTC) at baseline in 78% of patients. Greater sensitivity for mutation detection was observed in ctDNA than in CTCs and detected mutations were strongly concordant with mutation status in matched tumor. Higher baseline CTC counts were associated with response to treatment by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST, P = 0.009) and decreased CTC counts upon treatment were associated with FDG-PET and RECIST response (P = 0.014 and P = 0.019) and longer progression-free survival (P = 0.050).
Conclusion: These data provide evidence of a correlation between decreases in CTC counts and radiographic response by either FDG-PET or RECIST in patients with advanced NSCLC. These findings require prospective validation but suggest a potential role for using CTC decreases as an early indication of response to therapy and ctDNA for real-time assessment of mutation status from blood. Clin Cancer Res; 18(8); 2391–401. ©2012 AACR.
Effect of Small-Molecule–Binding Affinity on Tumor Uptake In Vivo: A Systematic Study Using a Pretargeted Bispecific Antibody
Authors: Orcutt Kelly Davis , Rhoden John J. , Ruiz-Yi Benjamin , Frangioni John V. , Wittrup K. Dane 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Small-molecule ligands specific for tumor-associated surface receptors have wide applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Achieving high-affinity binding to the desired target is important for improving detection limits and for increasing therapeutic efficacy. However, the affinity required for maximal binding and retention remains unknown. Here, we present a systematic study of the effect of small-molecule affinity on tumor uptake in vivo with affinities spanning a range of three orders of magnitude. A pretargeted bispecific antibody with different binding affinities to different DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)-based small molecules is used as a receptor proxy. In this particular system targeting carcinoembryonic antigen, a small-molecule–binding affinity of 400 pmol/L was sufficient to achieve maximal tumor targeting, and an improvement in affinity to 10 pmol/L showed no significant improvement in tumor uptake at 24 hours postinjection. We derive a simple mathematical model of tumor targeting using measurable parameters that correlates well with experimental observations. We use relations derived from the model to develop design criteria for the future development of small-molecule agents for targeted cancer therapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(6); 1365–72. ©2012 AACR.
Overcoming Platinum Resistance through the Use of a Copper-Lowering Agent
Authors: Fu Siqing , Naing Aung , Fu Caroline , Kuo Macus Tien , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Low levels of human copper transporter 1 (hCtr1) mRNA are associated with a shorter progression-free survival after platinum-based therapy. Pretreatment with a copper-lowering agent such as trientine enhanced hCtr1-mediated platinum uptake. Therefore, we conducted a pilot study (NCT01178112) of carboplatin and trientine with the goal of resensitizing patients with advanced cancer to platinum chemotherapy. This case report reviews the outcomes of 5 patients with platinum-resistant high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer enrolled on the study to date. Overall, they tolerated treatment well. Severe adverse events that occurred in 2 patients were myelosuppression, notably anemia requiring transfusion. Dose-limiting toxicity was not observed within the first 28 days (cycle 1). After 2 cycles of therapy, partial remission was achieved in 1 patient (10+ months), stable disease in 3 patients (2, 3.5+, and 5 months, respectively), and 1 patient had progressive disease. These cases provide preliminary clinical evidence that the role of decreasing copper levels in reversing platinum resistance merits additional clinical investigation. Evaluation of this novel strategy is warranted in larger studies to assess the efficacy of this approach for treating platinum-resistant advanced epithelial ovarian cancer in patients with high copper levels. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(6); 1221–5. ©2012 AACR.
Clinical and Pathological Improvement in Stroke-Prone Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats Related to the Pleiotropic Effect of Cilostazol
Authors: Omote Yoshio , Deguchi Kentaro , Tian FengFeng , Kawai Hiromi , Kurata Tomoko , Yamashita Toru , Ohta Yasuyuki , Abe Koji 
Published: April 2012

Background and Purpose—
Cerebral infarction is a major cause of death or decreasing activities of daily living. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of commonly used antiplatelet drugs on stroke and motor and cognitive functions in relation to oxidative stress markers and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R).

Methods—
Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats were treated with vehicle, aspirin, clopidogrel, and cilostazol from 8 to 10 weeks of age. Physiological parameters, regional cerebral blood flow, and serum lipids were examined. Motor and cognitive functions were evaluated weekly by the Rotorod and water maze task. Spontaneous infarct volume, oxidative stress markers for lipid, protein, and DNA at the ischemic boundary zone of spontaneous infarction, and the IGF-1R-positive cell ratio in the hippocampus were immunohistochemically examined in brain sections. IGF-1Rβ expression in the hippocampus was assessed by Western blotting.

Results—

The antiplatelet drugs, cilostazol and clopidogrel, reduced the spontaneous infarct volume more than aspirin. Only cilostazol improved motor and cognitive functions with a significant increase (
P
<0.05) in the memory-related IGF-1R-positive ratio and IGF-1Rβ expression in the hippocampus. Cilostazol reduced the 4 oxidative stress markers in affected neurons in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats regardless of blood pressure, regional cerebral blood flow, or serum lipid levels.

Conclusions—
The present results suggest that a possible pleiotropic effect of cilostazol resulted in the reduction of spontaneous infarct volume and preservation of motor and spatial cognitive functions. The increase of IGF-1R-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region could partly explain the preservation of spatial cognitive function in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Intracranial Hemorrhage in Atrial Fibrillation Patients During Anticoagulation With Warfarin or Dabigatran
Authors: Hart Robert G. , Diener Hans-Christoph , Yang Sean , Connolly Stuart J. , Wallentin Lars , Reilly Paul A. , Ezekowitz Michael D. , Yusuf Salim 
Published: April 2012

Background and Purpose—
Intracranial hemorrhage is the most devastating complication of anticoagulation. Outcomes associated with different sites of intracranial bleeding occurring with warfarin versus dabigatran have not been defined.

Methods—
Analysis of 18 113 participants with atrial fibrillation in the Randomized Evaluation of Long-term anticoagulant therapY (RE-LY) trial assigned to adjusted-dose warfarin (target international normalized ratio, 2–3) or dabigatran (150 mg or 110 mg, both twice daily).

Results—

During a mean of 2.0 years of follow-up, 154 intracranial hemorrhages occurred in 153 participants: 46% intracerebral (49% mortality), 45% subdural (24% mortality), and 8% subarachnoid (31% mortality). The rates of intracranial hemorrhage were 0.76%, 0.31%, and 0.23% per year among those assigned to warfarin, dabigatran 150 mg, and dabigatran 110 mg, respectively (
P
<0.001 for either dabigatran dose versus warfarin). Fewer fatal intracranial hemorrhages occurred among those assigned dabigatran 150 mg and 110 mg (n=13 and n=11, respectively) versus warfarin (n=32;
P
<0.01 for both). Fewer traumatic intracranial hemorrhages occurred among those assigned to dabigatran (11 patients with each dose) compared with warfarin (24 patients;
P
<0.05 for both dabigatran doses versus warfarin). Independent predictors of intracranial hemorrhage were assignment to warfarin (relative risk, 2.9;
P
<0.001), aspirin use (relative risk, 1.6;
P
=0.01), age (relative risk, 1.1 per year;
P
<0.001), and previous stroke/transient ischemic attack (relative risk, 1.8;
P
=0.001).

Conclusions—
The clinical spectrum of intracranial hemorrhage was similar for patients given warfarin and dabigatran. Absolute rates at all sites and both fatal and traumatic intracranial hemorrhages were lower with dabigatran than with warfarin. Concomitant aspirin use was the most important modifiable independent risk factor for intracranial hemorrhage.
The Role of Pulmonary Follow-up in Reducing Health Care Utilization in Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Rhein Lawrence M. , Konnikova Liza , McGeachey Amanda , Pruchniewski Michelle , Smith Vincent C. 
Published: April 2012

Objective To determine whether pulmonary follow-up affects rates of rehospitalization and visitations to emergency departments (EDs) in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, the authors identified all preterm infants born at ≤32 weeks’ gestation with at least one outpatient visit to a pulmonary follow-up clinic at Children’s Hospital Boston or a high-risk primary neurodevelopmental follow-up clinic for preterm infants. ED visits and rehospitalizations were identified through electronic medical records. Results Infants with pulmonary follow-up compared with infants without pulmonary follow-up were, respectively, younger (mean gestational age 26.3 ± 2.3 vs 28.3 ± 2.3 weeks, P < .0001), smaller at birth (birth weight <1200 g, 87.6% vs 57.2%, P < .0001), and needed more supplemental oxygen (55.7% vs 2.6%, P < .0001) and diuretics (65.8% vs 4.7%, P < .001) at the time of discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. Although rates of rehospitalization were higher in infants with pulmonary follow-up, rates of visits to an ED for respiratory causes were not statistically significant. After controlling for baseline differences in both groups, the rates of rehospitalization or ED visits were the same for both groups. Conclusions Despite differences in lung disease status in infants with and without pulmonary follow-up, the rates of health care utilization were the same in both groups. Pulmonary follow-up may decrease the expected higher rates of ED visits and hospitalizations in preterm infants with more severe lung disease.
A Chitosan‐Based Sinus Sealant for Reduction of Adhesion Formation in Rabbit and Sheep Models
Authors: Medina Jennifer G. , Steinke John W. , Das Subinoy 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveChronic sinusitis is the most prevalent chronic disease in the United States in adults aged 18 to 44 years, with approximately 250,000 operations performed annually. Although often successful, sinus surgery fails in greater than 15% of patients. Adhesion formation is a common complication and cause for subsequent revision surgery. Here, the authors evaluate a sprayable chitosan/starch‐based sinus sealant and demonstrate its ability to reduce adhesion formation both in vitro and in 2 animal models.Study DesignRandomized, controlled, animal trials.SettingAcademic medical center (fibroblast experiments) and animal laboratories (sheep and rabbit studies).Subjects and MethodsThis sinus sealant was applied to human cultured fibroblasts obtained from surgically removed polyps to examine its ability to inhibit fibroblast migration and proliferation. The sinus sealant was applied to New Zealand White rabbits (n = 20) in an established cecal‐sidewall abrasion model and to sheep (n = 10) in a sinus surgical adhesion model to examine its ability to reduce adhesion formation.ResultsThis sinus sealant inhibited migration and proliferation of human cultured fibroblasts and reduced the total adhesion score from 4.9 to 0.3 for a total reduction of 94% (95th percentile confidence interval [CI], 78%, 100%; P <. 001) in a well‐established rabbit cecal‐sidewall model commonly used for adhesion testing. Moreover, this sealant reduced adhesion formation from 80% to 10% for a total reduction of 70% (95th percentile CI, 57%, 93%; P =. 003) in a sheep sinus adhesion surgical model.ConclusionThis chitosan‐based sealant demonstrates promise for reducing adhesion formation in sinus surgery.