bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Lifespan: To Live and Outlive 100 Years?
Authors: Roksandić Spomenka , Žuškin Eugenija , Duraković Zijad , Smolej-Narančić Nina , Mustajbegović Jadranka , Pucarin-Cvetković Jasna , Duraković Marjeta , Jelinić Jagoda , Turčić Nada , Milošević Milan 
Published: September 2009

Ljudski vijek: doživjeti i nadživjeti 100 godina?Starenje populacije je dominantno demografsko obilježje razvijenih zemalja. Stogodišnjaci su selekcionirana skupina i samo jedna od 7.000 do 10.000 osoba dosegne tu dob. Čimbenici dugovječnosti vjerojatno su brojni i uključuju gensko predodređenje (lokus na 4. kromosomu), zdrav okoliš i zdrave životne navike (prehrana s malo kalorija), redovita tjelesna i psihička aktivnost, kao i dostupnost te učinkovitost zdravstvene zaštite s primjenom geroprofilakse. Stogodišnjaci se adaptiraju na novi život i na gubitak tjelesnih funkcija koji bivaju postupno sve izraženiji kako se dob povisuje. Granice ljudskog života produžuju se - do sada najstarija poznata osoba doživjela je 128 godina. Pojedina zemljopisna područja bilježe izrazito veći broj stogodišnjaka. Navedene su i neke dugovječne osobe s više od 100 godina u svijetu i na području Republike Hrvatske i nekih susjednih zemalja. Iako se uglavnom smatra da se granica trajanja života čovjeka ne može produžiti iznad 120 godina, za sada je ipak teško predvidjeti gdje su njezine granice.
Comet Assay in Evaluating DNA Damage Associated With Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury in Patients Undergoing Coronary Surgery
Authors: Karahalil Bensu , Gumus Tulin , Emerce Esra , Izdes Seval , Kanbak Orhan , Kesimci Elvin 
Published: September 2009

Comet Assay in Evaluating DNA Damage Associated With Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury in Patients Undergoing Coronary SurgeryIschaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is responsible for a number of conditions such as coronary bypass and myocardial infarction, and deaths. Oxygen-free radicals formed during I/R have been proposed as the leading causes of tissue injury, and they play an important role in I/R injury. I/R induces oxidative DNA damage (such as purinic and pyrimidinic base lesions). Comet assay is a suitable and sensitive method for early detection of low-level DNA damage. We used modified alkaline comet assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes and evaluated I/R-induced DNA damage in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation (in vivo model for I/R). No statistically significant difference in DNA damage levels was found before surgery, after anaesthesia, ischemia, reperfusion, and surgery. However, blood lactate levels (assessed in parallel with the comet assay) increased after I/R and did not return to the baseline level. Our findings showed that I/R injury did not induce DNA damage, but increased the lactate levels. This finding suggests that there might be reversible and uncommon necrosis that did not reflect on overall DNA base damage. Further studies are needed using this approach.
Photothermal methods for determination of thermal properties of bulk materials and thin films
Authors: Bodzenta Jerzy , Kaźmierczak-Bałata Anna , Mazur Jacek 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Information on the thermal properties of materials is very important both in fundamental physical research and in engineering applications. The development of materials with desirable heat transport properties requires methods for their experimental determination. In this paper basic concepts of the measurement of parameters describing the heat transport in solids are discussed. Attention is paid to methods utilizing nonstationary temperature fields, especially to photothermal methods in which the temperature disturbance in the investigated sample is generated through light absorption. Exemplary photothermal measuring techniques, which can be realized using common experimental equipment, are described in detail. It is shown that using these techniques it is possible to determine the thermal diffusivity of bulk transparent samples, opaque and semi-transparent plate-form samples, and the thermal conductivity of thin films deposited on thick substrates. Results of the investigation of thermal diffusivity of the ground in the polar region, which is based on the analysis of the propagation of the thermal wave generated by sun-light, are also presented. Based on chosen examples one can state that photothermal techniques can be used for determination of the thermal properties of very different materials.
Upconversion assisted self-pulsing in a high-concentration erbium doped fibre laser
Authors: Sergeyev Sergey , O’Mahoney Kieran , Popov Sergei , Friberg Ari 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
We report results on experimental and theoretical characterisation of self-pulsing in high concentration erbium doped fibre laser which is free from erbium clusters. Unlike previous models of self-pulsing accounting for pair-induced quenching (PIQ) on the clustered erbium ions, new model has been developed with accounting for statistical nature of the excitation migration and upconversion and resonance-like pumpto-signal intensity noise transfer. The obtained results are in a good agreement with the experimental data.
Raman amplification with reduced polarization impairments in the fibre with tailored spin profile
Authors: Sergeyev Sergey , Popov Sergei , Friberg Ari 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
By using two-section fibre where the first section has no spin and the second one is periodically spun, we demonstrate reduced polarization dependent gain and polarization mode dispersion (0.3 dB and 0.0072 ps·km−1/2 correspondently) in a distributed fibre Raman amplifier.
The phylogeny of the Lepocreadioidea (Platyhelminthes, Digenea) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes: Implications for their systematics and evolution
Authors: Bray Rodney , Waeschenbach Andrea , Cribb Thomas , Weedall Gareth , Dyal Patricia , Littlewood D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships of representative species of the superfamily Lepocreadioidea were assessed using partial lsrDNA and nad1 sequences. Forty-two members of the family Lepocreadiidae, six putative members of the Enenteridae, six gyliauchenid species and one Gorgocephalidae, were studied along with 22 species representing 8 families. The Lepocreadioidea is found to be monophyletic, except for the two species of the putative enenterid genus Cadenatella, which are found to be only distantly related to the lepocreadioids. The Lepocreadioidea is formed of five clades in a polytomy, the Gorgocephalidae, a clade containing the Enenteridae and Gyliauchenidae, a small clade of atypical lepocreadiines and the deep-sea lepidapedine lepocreadiids, a small clade consisting of a freshwater form and a group of shallow-water putative lepidapedines and the final clade includes the remaining lepocreadiids. Thus, the generally accepted concept of the Lepocreadiidae is polyphyletic. The Enenteridae (minus Cadenatella) and the Gyliauchenidae are jointly and individually monophyletic, and are sister groups. The nad1 gene on its own places a deep-sea lepocreadiine with the deep-sea lepidapedines, whereas lsrDNA, combined sequences and morphology place this deep-sea lepocreadiine within a group of typical lepocreadiids. It could not be demonstrated that a significant proportion of sites in the nad1 gene evolved under positive selection; this anomalous relationship therefore remains unexplained. Most deep-sea species are in a monophyletic group, a few of which also occur in shallow waters, retaining some characters of the deep-sea clade. Many lepocreadioid species infect herbivorous fish, and it may be that the recently discovered life-cycle involving a bivalve first intermediate host and metacercariae encysted on vegetation is a common life-cycle pattern. The host relationships show no indication of co-speciation, although the host-spectrums exhibited are not random, with related worms tending to utilize related hosts. There are, however, many exceptions. Morphology is found to be of limited value in indicating higher level relationships. For example, even with the benefit of hindsight the gyliauchenids show little morphological similarity to their sister group, the Enenteridae.
Anomalous chaetotaxy in the quill mites Torotrogla merulae Skoracki et al., 2000 (Acari, Prostigmata, Syringophilidae)
Authors: Głowska Eliza , Skoracki Maciej 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMites of the family Syringophilidae are small and uniformly shaped arthropods, inhabiting feather quills of many birds species. Anomalies of setae arrangement are frequently observed in this mite group. Detailed investigation of nymphs and adults Torotrogla merulae Skoracki et al., 2000, reveals the most considerable variability of chaetotaxy aspect in this family. The purpose of our examination is to document anomalies in number and configuration of setae and to hypothesize the possible factors inducing them. As an explanation, a theory based on ‘fluctuating asymmetry’ is proposed.
First occurrence of native cymothoids parasites on introduced rabbitfishes in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Shakman Esmail , Kinzelbach Ragnar , Trilles Jean , Bariche Michel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper presents the first record of two native Mediterranean cymothoid species caught attached to introduced Lessepsian rabbitfishes. This is also the first record of cymothoids from the coastal waters of Libya. Anilocra physodes was collected from Siganus luridus while Nerocila bivittata was found on both Siganus rivulatus and S. luridus. Rabbitfishes in the southern central Mediterranean have acquired native Mediterranean cymothoids but do not seem to be infested along the Levantine coast.
The parasitism of Flamingolepis liguloides (Gervais, 1847) (Cestoda, Hymenolepididae) in Artemia salina (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) in two saline lakes in Algeria
Authors: Amarouayache Mounia , Derbal Farid , Kara M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractStudies revealed the role of Artemia salina as intermediate host in the life-cycle of a cestode species parasitizing flamingos, i.e. Flamingolepis liguloides. Cysticercoids of this parasite were found for the first time in the Algerian populations of Artemia salina in winter of 2000 and 2001 in Chott Marouane and spring of 2003 in Sebkha Ez-Zemoul. The prevalence ranged between 10 and 33% for the two examined Artemia populations. The intensity of infection was 1–3 cysticercoids per individual. The abdomen was the most targeted site of infection (95% of the population of Sebkha Ez-Zemoul) followed by the thorax and the ovisac. Infected females were less fertile than uninfected ones (24.83 vs 43.70 cysts/brood) in Sebkha Ez-Zemoul or castrated in Chott Marouane.
Recombinant ferritin protects mice against challenge with Echinococcus granulosus ?
Authors: Wang Yana , Li Zongji , Li Zhaoyu , Bo Yang , Zhao Wei 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFerritin is well known as the main intracellular iron storage protein in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, keeping it in a soluble and non-toxic form, though the role of ferritin as a vaccine candidate in echinococcosis has not yet been delineated. Through our study, ferritin was cloned from Echinococcus granulosus and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant E. granulosus ferritin (rEgferritin) has a molecular weight of 19 kDa and could be recognized by anti-mice serum in Western blotting. The specific antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mice vaccinated with rEgferritin and challenged intraperitoneally with E. granulosus protoscoleces revealed significant protective efficacy up to 85.6%, compared with the control group. Thus, rEgferritin could be a promising candidate as an effective vaccine to prevent the infection of echinococcosis.
Carios fonsecai sp. nov. (Acari, Argasidae), a bat tick from the central-western region of Brazil
Authors: Labruna Marcelo , Venzal Jose 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMales, females, and larvae of Carios fonsecai sp. nov. are described from free-living ticks collected in a cave at Bonito, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The presence of cheeks and legs with micromammillate cuticle makes adults of C. fonsecai morphologically related to a group of argasid species (mostly bat-associated) formerly classified into the subgenus Alectorobius, genus Ornithodoros. Examination of larvae indicates that C. fonsecai is clearly distinct from most of the previously described Carios species formerly classified into the subgenus Alectorobius, based primarily on its larger body size, dorsal setae number, dorsal plate shape, and hypostomal morphology. On the other hand, the larva of C. fonsecai is most similar to Carios peropteryx, and Carios peruvianus, from which differences in dorsal plate length and width, tarsal setae, and hypostome characteristics are useful for morphological differentiation. The mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequence of C. fonsecai showed to be closest (85–88% identity) to several corresponding sequences of different Carios species available in GenBank. Bats identified as Peropteryx macrotis and Desmodus rotundus were found infested by C. fonsecai larvae in the same cave where the type series was collected. C. fonsecai showed to be aggressive to humans in the laboratory.
Occurrence of haemosporidian parasites in the paddyfield warbler, Acrocephalus agricola (Passeriformes, Sylviidae)
Authors: Zehtindjiev Pavel , Ilieva Mihaela , Križanauskienė Asta , Oparina Olga , Oparin Mihail , Bensch Staffan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe blood parasite diversity was studied in paddyfield warblers (Acrocephalus agricola) breeding in NE Bulgaria, SW Russia and S. Kazakhstan. Nine cytochrome b gene lineages were recorded, 4 belonging to Haemoproteus spp. and 5 to Plasmodium spp. The overall prevalence of haemosporidians was 33.3%. The composition of parasites varied geographically, with six lineages recorded in Russia, five lineages in Bulgaria and two lineages in Kazakhstan. Two lineages are described for the first time, i.e. ACAGR1 (belonging to Plasmodium sp. and recorded from a single bird in Russia) and ACAGR2 (belonging to Haemoproteus sp., recorded from Bulgaria and Russia). The latter lineage is the most widespread parasite in the Bulgarian population, scarce in Russia and absent in Kazakhstan. It is supposed that ACAGR2 has originated from the widespread lineage ACDUM1 differing from it by a single nucleotide. One lineage only (ACDUM2) occurs in all the three populations studied and is a nonspecific parasite known from various passerines. Six of the registered lineages have been found in a single population of A. agricola and also represent non-specific parasites occurring in a wide range of passerine birds. Their records in A. agricola may indicate the high transmission rate of these parasites in the habitats where this host co-occurs with other passerines. The variation of the composition of the haemosporidian parasite communities through the breeding range of A. agricola makes up heterogeneous selection pressures that may drive intraspecific variation in important life-history traits.
Digenetic trematodes of the Brazilian flathead, Percophis brasiliensis Quoy et Gaimard, 1825 (Percophidae, Perciformes), from Argentinean and Uruguayan waters
Authors: Braicovich Paola , Etchegoin Jorge , Timi Juan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBased on the examination of 234 specimens of the Brazilian flathead, Percophis brasiliensis (Percophidae), caught in the Argentinean and Uruguayan Seas, the list of digenean species parasitizing P. brasiliensis is increased from 6 to 9, including the specific identification of two species previously reported at the generic level. The three news digenean records for P. brasiliensis are: Elytrophalloides oatesi, Parahemiurus merus and Aponurus laguncula, while that Ectenurus virgulus and Lecithocladium cristatum were identified to specific level. These reports showed the highest diversity of digeneans registered in fishes from the study region. The diversity of the digenean fauna of P. brasiliensis could be a consequence of the generalist food habits of this fish.
Two cystidicolids (Nematoda, Cystidicolidae) from marine fishes off New Caledonia
Authors: Moravec František , Justine Jean-Lou 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTwo nematode species of the family Cystidicolidae were collected from the digestive tract of marine fishes off New Caledonia, South Pacific: Ascarophis adioryx Machida, 1981 from the stomach of the speckled squirrelfish Sargocentron spiniferum and the sabre squirrelfish Neoniphon sammara (new host record) (both Holocentridae, Beryciformes), and a Spinitectus sp. female, morphologically similar to S. beaveri Overstreet, 1970, from the roundjaw bonefish Albula glossodonta (Albulidae, Albuliformes). Based on light and scanning electron microscopy examinations, A. adioryx is redescribed and a new subgenus Dentiascarophis subgen. nov., characterized by the presence of one dorsal and one ventral median protrusions in the mouth, is established to accommodate it; a key to subgenera of Ascarophis is provided. Ascarophis holocentri Parukhin, 1984 is considered a junior synonym of A. adioryx. The cephalic structure of Spinitectus sp. and S. beaveri is very different from those in other congeners and, therefore, a new subgenus Paraspinitectus subgen. nov., characterized by highly reduced pseudolabia, is erected to accommodate these species. The hemiurid digenean Lecithochirium cirrhiti (Manter et Pritchard, 1960) Yamaguti,1970 was found in the stomach of three species of squirrelfishes. Findings of A. (D.) adioryx, Spinitectus (P.) sp. and L. cirrhiti in New Caledonian waters represent new geographical records of these parasites.
François, f / Fransask-qui ? Franco-quoi ? Constructions identitaires d'un enseignant en formation en situation linguistique minoritaire
Authors: Brogden Lace Marie 
Published: September 2009

RésuméComment les normes linguistiques se manifestent-elles dans le cadre de la formation des enseignant.e.s en situation linguistique minoritaire ? Cet article bilingue présente une étude de cas des perceptions d'un enseignant en formation concernant la reproduction des normes linguistiques au quotidien, dans trois contextes : dans les cours universitaires, dans les expériences de stage et dans le milieu socioculturel. Parmi les environnements linguistiques vécus par les enseignants en formation au sein du Programme du Baccalauréat en éducation à l'Université de Regina, au Canada, deux contextes dominent l'année du préinternat : d'un côté, les étudiants doivent répondre à certaines exigences linguistiques (évaluées dans des tests dont les enjeux sont considérables) ; de l'autre, ils font l'objet d'attentes variées en ce qui concerne les compétences langagières dans leurs cours universitaires et en situation de stage. Deux des thèmes identifiés dans cette étude sont l'impact des tests langagiers dans le cadre de la formation linguistique des enseignants, et le caractère ambigu des catégories linguistiques telles qu'elles sont vécues. De par sa présentation et sous sa forme de discussion théorique, cet article se penche également sur la possibilité des discours académiques bilingues dans le contexte de la formation des enseignant.e.s désirant œuvrer en situation linguistique minoritaire.
The First Three Years of Christianity
Authors: Lüdemann Gerd 
Published: September 2009

Abstract: This study is an initial attempt to unveil the first three years of Christianity. A strict adherence to the seven genuine letters of Paul establishes a clear identification of principal details concerning earliest Christianity. Leaving aside any secondary source, notably the Acts of the Apostles, and spelling out the reasons for doing so, the value of such an approach is put to the test by constructing the chronology of Paul (the first thirty years of Christianity) on the sole basis of the authentic letters. This initial analysis not only demonstrates the ability to construct a history of earliest Christianity using this method, but also concretely illuminates certain facts that otherwise (using Acts) are dealt with in less accurate ways. In a second step this method is applied exclusively to the first three years of Christianity. By examining two rituals of the Christian group persecuted by Paul—baptism and the Lord's Supper—and reconstructing the first three years of Christianity on the basis of 1 Corinthians 15:3–7 and other pre-Pauline creeds, a stark geographic and ethnographic distinction between the earliest Christian communities—Jerusalem and Damascus being the centres—can be observed. Indeed, the case is being made that within three years of the death of Jesus, these two distinctive Christian communities have arisen. Moreover we are able to identify Paul's affiliation with Damascus-Christianity and then associate this powerful influence with what would become catholic Christianity. This study finally establishes a framework for further inquiries into the first three years of Christianity, giving Paul's genuine letters primary consideration.
From Apologetics to Indology: A Case Study in the Scholarship of Roberto de Nobili, SJ
Authors: Clooney Francis X. SJ 
Published: September 2009

Abstract: Roberto de Nobili (1579–1656), Jesuit missionary to India, was a pioneering scholar in Christianity's encounter with Hinduism, distinguished by personal adaptation, study of Indian religious traditions, and the composition of treatises in Tamil as well as Latin. But this incipient Indology, motivated by apologetic purposes, not only objectified Hinduism but also conferred expert status on the outside observer. This essay compares two treatises: Inquiry into the Meaning of “God” (ca. 1612) and Dispelling Ignorance (ca. 1640). They are similar in shape (an understanding of “God” elaborated in accord with various perfections), purpose (demonstrating the untenable nature of Hindu conceptions of deity), and in the deployment of locally adduced examples showing the implausibility of Hindu beliefs. Dispelling Ignorance more thoroughly objectifies India, reserving superior knowledge to the observer. It marks the path from missionary apologetics to the religiously neutral but still hegemonic Indology that followed. Today, Christian theology requires expert scholarship that is also empathetic, less prone to objectifications of other religions that disregard the self-understanding of their believers.
Philosophy of Religion: A State of the Subject Report
Authors: Schellenberg J.L. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract: This is the inaugural Jay Newman Memorial Lecture in Philosophy of Religion, as delivered to the Canadian Theological Society in May 2009. Its themes are four: (1) the influence of conservative Christian theology in the shaping of contemporary (broadly analytical) philosophy of religion; (2) the resulting difficulty of demarcating philosophy of religion from theology or theological apologetics; (3) the possibility of a new, more progressive evolutionary approach to philosophy of religion, and how not just theological assumptions but certain philosophical assumptions too are standing in its way; and (4) the interesting parallel between where an imaginative, evolutionary philosophy of religion might take us and certain features of non-conservative Christian theology.
Nathan Stoltzfus and Henry Friedlander, eds., Nazi Crimes and the Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008)
Authors: Bush Jonathan A. 
Published: September 2009

Nathan Stoltzfus and Henry Friedlander, eds., Nazi Crimes and the Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008).Nazi Crimes and the Law, a collection of eleven studies introduced and edited by Nathan Stoltzfus and Henry Friedlander, is the best collection to appear in years on war crimes trials of Germans. The following paragraphs will attempt to describe what the various essays offer and why they matter.