bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhizobacteria‐mediated resistance against the blackeye cowpea mosaic strain of bean common mosaic virus in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Authors: Udaya Shankar Arakere Chunchegowda , Chandra Nayaka Siddaiah , Niranjan‐Raj Sathyanarayana , Bhuvanendra Kumar Hanumanthaiah , Reddy Munagala S , Niranjana Siddapura Ramachandrappa , Prakash Harishchandra Sripathy 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The present study investigated the effect of seven Bacillus‐species plant‐growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) seed treatments on the induction of disease resistance in cowpea against mosaic disease caused by the blackeye cowpea mosaic strain of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV).RESULTS: Initially, although all PGPR strains recorded significant enhancement of seed germination and seedling vigour, GBO3 and T4 strains were very promising. In general, all strains gave reduced BCMV incidence compared with the non‐bacterised control, both under screen‐house and under field conditions. Cowpea seeds treated with Bacillus pumilus (T4) and Bacillus subtilis (GBO3) strains offered protection of 42 and 41% against BCMV under screen‐house conditions. Under field conditions, strain GBO3 offered 34% protection against BCMV. The protection offered by PGPR strains against BCMV was evaluated by indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with lowest immunoreactive values recorded in cowpea seeds treated with strains GBO3 and T4 in comparison with the non‐bacterised control. In addition, it was observed that strain combination worked better in inducing resistance than individual strains. Cowpea seeds treated with a combination of strains GBO3 + T4 registered the highest protection against BCMV.CONCLUSION: PGPR strains were effective in protecting cowpea plants against BCMV under both screen‐house and field conditions by inducing resistance against the virus. Thus, it is proposed that PGPR strains, particularly GBO3, could be potential inducers against BCMV and growth enhancers in cowpea. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Explanations for long‐distance counter‐urban migration into fringe areas in Denmark
Authors: Andersen Hans Skifter 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn Denmark, as in most other European countries, there is a net migration from the less urbanized to the more urbanized parts of the country. This article summarizes the results of a Danish study on the extent and composition of migration flows; and on factors and conditions that have a decisive influence on migration to fringe areas. The study shows that a considerable share of movers to the fringe areas in Denmark can be characterised as income‐transfer mover. They are people without employment moving to get lower housing costs. But there are also groups of people moving to employment in the areas, going back to places where they have grown up or moving to better housing conditions in a more natural environment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective surface passivation of crystalline silicon by rf sputtered aluminum oxide
Authors: Li Tsu‐Tsung , Cuevas Andres 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn recent years, excellent surface passivation has been achieved on both p‐type and n‐type surfaces of silicon wafers and solar cells using aluminum oxide deposited by plasma‐assisted atomic layer deposition. However, alternative deposition methods may offer practical advantages for large‐scale manufacturing of solar cells. In this letter we show that radio‐frequency magnetron sputtering is capable of depositing negatively‐charged aluminum oxide and achieving good surface passivation both on p‐type and n‐type silicon wafers. We thus establish that sputtered aluminum oxide is a very promising method for the surface passivation of high efficiency solar cells. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery in gynaecological oncology; initial experience at Oslo Radium Hospital and 16 months follow‐up
Authors: Sert M. Bilal , Eraker Runar 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to report our initial experience using the Da Vinci®, a three‐armed Intuitive Surgical robotic unit, in relation to gynae‐oncological operations.MethodsA prospective database was used in this retrospective analysis of 53 consecutive women with gynae‐oncological diseases who were operated by the same surgeon in a single institution. All the patients were informed of the risks inherent with each surgical procedure as well as the potential advantages.Results125 different procedures were performed, including total robotic radical hysterectomy (n = 25), restaging with total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, total omentectomy, appendectomy, bilateral pelvic and para‐aortic node dissections. Mean age of the patients, 45.8 (range 27–70) years; mean operative time, 219 (range 110–530) min; mean console time, 170 (range 60–445) min; mean estimated blood loss, 57 (range 10–300) ml; mean post‐operative stay, 3 (range 1–6) days. No robot‐related complications occurred. No conversions were reported. Mean follow‐up time was 16 (range 0–28) months.ConclusionsOur preliminary experience with robotic surgery suggest that it is a safe technique and could allow complex radical operations to be performed with greater precision. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust MIMO disturbance observer analysis and design with application to active car steering
Authors: Güvenç Bilin Aksun , Güvenç Levent , Karaman Sertaç 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA multi‐input–multi‐output extension of the well‐known two control degrees‐of‐freedom disturbance observer architecture that decouples the problem into single‐input–single‐output disturbance observer loops is presented in this paper. Robust design based on mapping D‐stability and the frequency domain specifications of weighted sensitivity minimization and phase margin bound to a chosen controller parameter space is presented as a part of the proposed design approach. The effect of the choice of disturbance observer Q filter on performance is explained with a numerical example. This is followed by the use of structured singular values in the robustness analysis of disturbance observer controlled systems subject to structured, real parametric and mixed uncertainty in the plant. A design and simulation study based on a four wheel active car steering control example is used to illustrate the methods presented in the paper. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cluster analysis using multivariate mixed effects models
Authors: Villarroel Luis , Marshall Guillermo , Barón Anna E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA common situation in the biological and social sciences is to have data on one or more variables measured longitudinally on a sample of individuals. A problem of growing interest in these areas is the grouping of individuals into one of two or more clusters according to their longitudinal behavior. Recently, methods have been proposed to deal with cases where individuals are classified into clusters through a linear model of mixed univariate effects deriving from a longitudinally measured variable. The method proposed in the current work deals with the case of clustering and then classification based on two or more variables measured longitudinally, through the fitting of non‐linear multivariate mixed effect models, and with consideration given to parameter estimation for balanced and unbalanced data using an EM algorithm. The application of the method is illustrated with an example in which the clusters are identified and the classification into clusters is compared with the true membership of individuals in one of two groups, which is known at the end of the follow‐up period. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Massive datasets
Authors: Kettenring Jon R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMassive datasets are so labeled because of their size and complexity. They do not yield readily to standard statistical analyses. The resulting frustration has served as a spur to researchers to develop better tools. Some progress has been made, but the need for considerably more explains why this line of research remains a top priority. Interdisciplinary teamwork is at least as important as tools and can be the key to cracking the hard challenges that these datasets pose. This review includes background information, examples, and statistical strategies to illustrate the state‐of‐the‐art. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:Data: Types and Structure > Massive Data
Filtered kernel density estimation
Authors: Marchette David 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article describes a multiple‐bandwidth version of the kernel estimator for nonparametric probability density estimation, in which the bandwidths are chosen using a set of functions, called filter functions, which determine the support of the density appropriate to the different bandwidths. These filter functions are usually defined using a normal mixture fit to the data. Thus the estimator uses different bandwidths in different regions of the support of the distribution, as controlled by the filter functions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Density Estimation
Cholesky factorization
Authors: Higham Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article aimed at a general audience of computational scientists, surveys the Cholesky factorization for symmetric positive definite matrices, covering algorithms for computing it, the numerical stability of the algorithms, and updating and downdating of the factorization. Cholesky factorization with pivoting for semidefinite matrices is also treated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Algorithms and Computational Methods > Numerical Methods
Evolutionary computation
Authors: Jong Kenneth De 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article provides a brief overview of the field of Evolutionary Computation. It describes the important historical developments that shaped the field. It summarizes the field as it exists today and discusses some of the important directions in which the field is developing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Algorithms and Computational Methods > Genetic Algorithms and Evolutionary Computing
Improvements of the low‐energy performance of a micro‐focus x‐ray source for XRF analysis with the SEM
Authors: Procop M. , Hodoroaba V.‐D. , Bjeoumikhov A. , Wedell R. , Warrikhoff A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractX‐ray Fluorescence (XRF) with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a valuable completion of the analytical capabilities of SEMs. Small and compact micro‐focus x‐ray sources are mounted to the microscope chamber, and the x‐ray spectra are monitored with conventional EDS systems. Up to now the x‐ray tubes used for the micro‐focus x‐ray sources are equipped with beryllium windows about 100 µm thick. The poly‐capillary x‐ray lenses have their transmission maximum at photon energies around 10 keV. It drops down in both low‐ and high‐energy ranges. Hence, L‐radiation from an Mo or Rh target will be strongly attenuated, and the excitation of fluorescence in the soft x‐ray range becomes very ineffective. A new micro‐focus x‐ray source was developed. It is characterised by a lower self‐absorption in the tube target, thin beryllium windows and an x‐ray optics having a large distance between its foci and the maximum of transmission at about 5 keV. Thus K line fluorescence of light elements becomes effectively excited by the L‐radiation from Mo or Rh tube targets. The detection limit for sodium oxide in glass was found to be below 1 mass%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence analysis of a pre‐Columbian funerary gold mask from the Museum of Sicán, Peru
Authors: Cesareo Roberto , Bustamante Angel , Fabian Julio , Calza Cristiane , Dos Anjos Marcelino , Lopes Ricardo T. , Elera Carlos , Shimada Izumi , Curay Victor , Rizzutto Marcia A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA funerary gold mask from the Museum of Sicán, Ferrañafe, Peru was analyzed in 30 different areas using a portable equipment using energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence. It was deduced from the measurements that the main sheet of the mask and the majority of the pendants have a similar composition and are made of tumbaga, which means a poor gold alloy enriched at the surface by depletion gilding, and have a similar ‘equivalent’ gilding thickness of about 5 µm. The nose, also on tumbaga, has different composition and a thickness of about 8 µm. The clamps are on gilded or on silvered copper. The red pigment dispersed on the surface of the mask is cinnabar. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vacancies and Insertions in the RE10Ni9+xIn20 Series (RE = Ho–Tm, Lu)
Authors: Thimmaiah Srinivasa , Weber Josh , Miller Gordon J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe intermetallic compounds RE10Ni9+xIn20 (RE = Ho–Tm, Lu) have been studied experimentally as well as theoretically. Lu10Ni9.8In19.2(1) crystallizes in the tetragonal Ho10Ni9In20‐type structure [space group P4/nmm, a = 13.114(2) Å and c = 8.993(2) Å] with vacant 2b positions and mixed In/Ni occupancies at one indium site that creates the refined composition. Moreover, the atomic positions and the displacement parameters for the holmium, erbium, thulium, and lutetium phases, which are missing in previous studies, are now refined. TB‐LMTO‐ASA electronic calculations indicates that Lu10Ni9.8In19.2(1) prefers the centrosymmetric Ho10Ni9In20‐type rather than a noncentrosymmetric defect‐HfNiGa2‐type structure (I4mm). According to our theoretical investigations, the HfNiGa2‐type structure is preferred when the 2b position is fully occupied; however, the Ho10Ni9In20‐type structure is preferred when vacancies are present on 2b position.
Pd Nanoparticles and Thin Films for Room Temperature Hydrogen Sensor
Authors: Joshi Rakesh K. , Krishnan Subramanian , Yoshimura Mashamichi , Kumar Ashok 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
We report the application of palladium nanoparticles and thin films for hydrogen sensor. Electrochemically grown palladium particles with spherical shapes deposited on Si substrate and sputter deposited Pd thin films were used to detect hydrogen at room temperature. Grain size dependence of H2sensing behavior has been discussed for both types of Pd films. The electrochemically grown Pd nanoparticles were observed to show better hydrogen sensing response than the sputtered palladium thin films. The demonstration of size dependent room temperature H2sensing paves the ways to fabricate the room temperature metallic and metal–metal oxide semiconductor sensor by tuning the size of metal catalyst in mixed systems. H2sensing by the Pd nanostructures is attributed to the chemical and electronic sensitization mechanisms.
The Modulation of Optical Property and its Correlation with Microstructures of ZnO Nanowires
Authors: Li Haohua , Liang Chaolun , Zhong Kuan , Liu Meng , Hope Greg A. , Tong Yexiang , Liu Peng 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
ZnO nanowires with both good crystallinity and oxygen vacancies defects were synthesized by thermal oxidation of Zn substrate pretreated in concentrated sulfuric acid under the air atmosphere, Ar- and air-mixed gas stream. The photoluminescence spectra reveal that only near-band-edge (NBE) emission peak was observed for the sample grown in the air atmosphere; the broad blue–green and the red-shifted NBE emission peaks were observed for the sample grown in the mixed gas stream, indicating that the sample grown in the mixed gas stream has a defective structure and its optical properties can be modulated by controlling its structure. The high-resolution transmission electron microscope and the corresponding structural simulation confirm that the oxygen vacancies exist in the crystal of the nanowires grown in the mixed gas stream. The ZnO nanowires with oxygen vacancies defects exhibit better photocatalytic activity than the nanowires with good crystallinity. The photocatalytic process obeys the rules of first-order kinetic reaction, and the rate constants were calculated.
Stock Options and Total Payout
Authors: Cuny Charles J. , Martin Gerald S. , Puthenpurackal John J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we examine how stock option usage affects total corporate payout. Using fixed-effects panel data estimators on various samples of ExecuComp firms from 1993 to 2005, we find the higher the executive stock options, the lower the total payout, ceteris paribus. We also find some evidence that firms increase payouts through repurchases in order to offset earnings per share dilution that occurs due to usage of executive and non-executive stock options. However, incentives from not having dividend protection for options appear to dominate those from antidilution, resulting in lower total payout for firms with higher options usage.
Are the Wall Street Analyst Rankings Popularity Contests?
Authors: Emery Douglas R. , Li Xi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe investigate the (sell-side) analyst rankings ofInstitutional Investor(I/I) andThe Wall Street Journal(WSJ), using data from 1993–2005. We find that factors with a primary component of recognition are the most important determinants of the rankings, although performance measures are statistically significant determinants in some cases. The single exception to this finding is with existing WSJ stars, where industry-adjusted investment-recommendation performance is theonlysignificant determinant of repeating as a star. Further, in the year after becoming stars, the recommendations of WSJ stars are significantly worse than those of nonstars; and the recommendations and earnings forecasts of I/I stars, as well as the earnings forecasts of WSJ stars, are not significantly different from those of nonstars. We conclude that these rankings are largely “popularity contests.”
Testing Theories of Capital Structure and Estimating the Speed of Adjustment
Authors: Huang Rongbing , Ritter Jay R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper examines time-series patterns of external financing decisions and shows that publicly traded U.S. firms fund a much larger proportion of their financing deficit with external equity when the cost of equity capital is low. The historical values of the cost of equity capital have long-lasting effects on firms’ capital structures through their influence on firms’ historical financing decisions. We also introduce a new econometric technique to deal with biases in estimates of the speed of adjustment toward target leverage. We find that firms adjust toward target leverage at a moderate speed, with a half-life of 3.7 years for book leverage, even after controlling for the traditional determinants of capital structure and firm fixed effects.
Money and the C-CAPM
Authors: Balvers Ronald J. , Huang Dayong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe consider asset pricing in a monetary economy where liquid assets are held to lower transaction costs. The ensuing model extends the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the consumption CAPM by deriving real money growth as an additional factor determining returns. Empirically, the two model versions compare favorably to other theoretical asset pricing models along several dimensions, supporting the traditional intertemporal asset pricing perspective. A value premium arises because value firms are sensitive to liquidity shocks but growth firms are not. Although no alternative factor drives out the money growth factor, the conditioning CAY factors of Lettau and Ludvigson (2001b) add explanatory power.
Hedge Funds for Retail Investors? An Examination of Hedged Mutual Funds
Authors: Agarwal Vikas , Boyson Nicole M. , Naik Narayan Y. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRecently, there has been rapid growth in the assets managed by “hedged mutual funds”—mutual funds mimicking hedge fund strategies. We examine the performance of these funds relative to hedge funds and traditional mutual funds. Despite using similar trading strategies, hedged mutual funds underperform hedge funds. We attribute this finding to hedge funds’ lighter regulation and better incentives. Conversely, hedged mutual funds outperform traditional mutual funds. Notably, this superior performance is driven by managers with experience implementing hedge fund strategies. Our findings have implications for investors seeking hedge-fund-like payoffs at a lower cost and within the comfort of a regulated environment.
Distribution of Diplolaimella and Diplolaimelloides species from Patagonian lagoons and coastal waters (Nematoda: Monhysteridae), Chubut and Santa Cruz provinces (Argentina)
Authors: Pastor de Ward Catalina T. , Lo Russo Virginia 
Published: June 2009

This paper focuses on Diplolaimella and Diplolaimelloides two very cosmopolitan genera inhabiting lotic freshwater to salty water inland, groundwater and coastal waters systems, providing a review of their taxonomy with new keys, and their distribution on the east coast of Patagonia and inland Patagonia. Two new species belonging to the genus Diplolaimelloides of the family Monhysteridae are described from Patagonian salty lagoons and coastal areas, and the Chubut and Santa Cruz provinces of Argentina: Diplolaimelloides tehuelchus sp. nov. has four bursal and three postcloacal papillae, short gubernaculum, and spicules longer than 50 μm; it has been found in Patagonian salty lagoons and in high coastal salt marsh areas. Diplolaimelloides warwicki sp. nov. is characterized by the angular shape of the spicules and the long gubernaculum. Diplolaimella ocellata is recorded for the first time in Patagonian salty lagoons and new localities in coastal waters are recorded for Diplolaimella gerlachi Pastor de Ward, 1984.
Annotation and Curation of the Protein Data Bank
Authors: Young Jasmine , Protein Data Bank RCSB PDBj PDBe 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Protein Data Bank (PDB) is the worldwide repository for experimentally determined 3D structures of biological macromolecules. Established in 1971 with just seven structures, it presently includes more than 56,000 entries. To maintain the highest standards in curation and processing, the members of the worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) collaborate in data annotation and the development of procedures, tools, and resources. Annotation-related issues, particularly those impacted by new developmentsin structural biology, are critically reviewed at in-person and virtual meetings regularly and frequently. Comprehensive documentation of the procedures, formats, and related data dictionaries used in data annotation are available at the wwPDB website(www.wwpdb.org).Mindful of the impact that changes in annotation procedures or data format may have on users, changes are carefully managed and communicated in a timely fashion. In cases involving complex scientific or policy issues, input is sought from advisory committees, standing task forces, experimental method developers, and community experts. This is exemplified by creation of the recently-released version of the PDB archive which updates and further standardizes database references, small molecule chemistry, biological assemblies, and active sites.