bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snowmelt Runoff and Water Yield Along Elevation and Temperature Gradients in California’s Southern Sierra Nevada1
Authors: Hunsaker Carolyn T. , Whitaker Thomas W. , Bales Roger C. 
Published: February 2012

Hunsaker, Carolyn T., Thomas W. Whitaker, and Roger C. Bales, 2012. Snowmelt Runoff and Water Yield Along Elevation and Temperature Gradients in California’s Southern Sierra Nevada. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(4): 667‐678. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00641.xAbstract:  Differences in hydrologic response across the rain‐snow transition in the southern Sierra Nevada were studied in eight headwater catchments – the Kings River Experimental Watersheds – using continuous precipitation, snowpack, and streamflow measurements. The annual runoff ratio (discharge divided by precipitation) increased about 0.1 per 300 m of mean catchment elevation over the range 1,800‐2,400 m. Higher‐elevation catchments have lower vegetation density, shallow soils with rapid permeability, and a shorter growing season when compared with those at lower elevations. Average annual temperatures ranged from 6.8°C at 2,400 m to 8.6 at 1,950 m elevation, with annual precipitation being 75‐95% snow at the highest elevations vs. 20‐50% at the lowest. Peak discharge lagged peak snow accumulation on the order of 60 days at the higher elevations and 20 to 30 days at the lower elevations. Snowmelt dominated the daily streamflow cycle over a period of about 30 days in higher elevation catchments, followed by a 15‐day transition to evapotranspiration dominating the daily streamflow cycle. Discharge from lower elevation catchments was rainfall dominated in spring, with the transition to evapotranspiration dominance being less distinct. Climate warming that results in a longer growing season and a shift from snow to rain would result in earlier runoff and a lower runoff ratio.
Proteasome inhibition and ROS generation by 4‐nerolidylcatechol induces melanoma cell death
Authors: Brohem Carla A. , Massaro Renato R. , Tiago Manoela , Marinho Camila E. , Jasiulionis Miriam G. , de Almeida Rebeca L. , Rivelli Diogo P. , Albuquerque Renata C. , de Oliveira Tiago F. , de Melo Loureiro Ana P. , Okada Sabrina , Soengas María S. , de Moraes Barros Silvia B. , Maria‐Engler Silvya S. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryInduction of apoptotic cell death in response to chemotherapy and other external stimuli has proved extremely difficult in melanoma, leading to tumor progression, metastasis formation and resistance to therapy. A promising approach for cancer chemotherapy is the inhibition of proteasomal activity, as the half‐life of the majority of cellular proteins is under proteasomal control and inhibitors have been shown to induce cell death programs in a wide variety of tumor cell types. 4‐Nerolidylcatechol (4‐NC) is a potent antioxidant whose cytotoxic potential has already been demonstrated in melanoma tumor cell lines. Furthermore, 4‐NC was able to induce the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, including classic targets of this process such as Mcl‐1. As shown for other proteasomal inhibitors in melanoma, the cytotoxic action of 4‐NC is time‐dependent upon the pro‐apoptotic protein Noxa, which is able to bind and neutralize Mcl‐1. We demonstrate the role of 4‐NC as a potent inducer of ROS and p53. The use of an artificial skin model containing melanoma also provided evidence that 4‐NC prevented melanoma proliferation in a 3D model that more closely resembles normal human skin.
Structural alterations of faecal and mucosa‐associated bacterial communities in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Durbán Ana , Abellán Juan J. , Jiménez‐Hernández Nuria , Salgado Patricia , Ponce Marta , Ponce Julio , Garrigues Vicente , Latorre Amparo , Moya Andrés 
Published: March 2012

SummaryIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder in western countries. Previous studies on IBS, mostly based on faecal samples, suggest alterations in the intestinal microbiota. However, no consensus has been reached regarding the association between specific bacteria and IBS. We explore the alterations of intestinal bacterial communities in IBS using massive sequencing of amplified 16S rRNA genes. Mucosal biopsies of the ascending and descending colon and faeces from 16 IBS patients and 9 healthy controls were analysed. Strong inter‐individual variation was observed in the composition of the bacterial communities in both patients and controls. These communities showed less diversity in IBS cases. There were larger differences in the microbiota composition between biopsies and faeces than between patients and controls. We found a few over‐represented and under‐represented taxa in IBS cases with respect to controls. The detected alterations varied by site, with no changes being consistent across sample types.
Oral focal mucinosis in an adolescent: a case report
Authors: Lee JG , Allen G , Moore L , Gue S 
Published: February 2012

AbstractOral focal mucinosis (OFM) is an uncommon soft tissue lesion of unknown aetiology. Clinically, it is most commonly found on the gingiva and presents as a painless, sessile or pedunculated mass that is the same colour as surrounding mucosa. Histologically, it is characterized by focal myxoid degeneration of connective tissue. OFM occurs predominantly in adults during the fourth and fifth decade of life, although it has been reported infrequently in children and adolescents. Diagnosis relies on histological analysis and treatment involves complete surgical excision. Recurrence is unreported. This case report describes the clinical and histological presentation and subsequent management of OFM in an adolescent female patient.
EXPLANATIONIST REBUTTALS (COHERENTISM DEFENDED AGAIN)
Authors: LYCAN WILLIAM G. 
Published: March 2012

abstractAn explanatory coherence theory of justification is sketched and then defended against a number of recent objections: conservatism and relativism; wild and crazy beliefs; reliability; warranted necessary falsehoods; basing; distant, unknown coherences; Sosa's “self‐ and present‐abstracts”; and Bayesian impossibility results.
COHERENCE: THE PRICE IS RIGHT
Authors: THAGARD PAUL 
Published: March 2012

abstractThis article is a response to Elijah Millgram's argument that my characterization of coherence as constraint satisfaction is inadequate for philosophical purposes because it provides no guarantee that the most coherent theory available will be true. I argue that the constraint satisfaction account of coherence satisfies the philosophical, computational, and psychological prerequisites for the development of epistemological and ethical theories.
A method for detecting molecular transport within the cerebral ventricles of live zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae
Authors: Turner Maxwell H. , Ullmann Jeremy F.P. , Kay Alan R. 
Published: February 2012

Key points
The cerebral ventricles of the vertebrate brain form a series of interconnected chambers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows serving an important role in brain homeostasis and development.
We introduce the larval zebrafish brain as a model for studying the physiology of the cerebral ventricles.
The three dimensional form of the zebrafish ventricles was characterized by in vivo confocal microscopy and found to be similar to that of mammals.
To follow the movement of molecules within ventricles we have a developed a technique using the uncaging of a fluorescent molecule.
Zebrafish larvae provide a tractable model for studying ventricles and the movement of chemicals across the blood–brain barrier.
Successful Long-Term Treatment of Cerebral Nocardiosis with Unexpectedly Low Doses of Linezolid in an Immunocompromised Patient Receiving Complex Polytherapy
Authors: Pea Federico , Cojutti Piergiorgio , Pagotto Alberto , Cristini Francesco , Furlanut Mario , Viale Pierluigi 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT
Cerebral nocardiosis is a severe infection that carries the highest mortality rate among all bacterial cerebral abscesses. We report on a case in an immunocompromised patient which was successfully treated with unexpectedly low doses of linezolid. Therapeutic drug monitoring was very helpful in highlighting issues of poor compliance and of drug-drug interactions.
Infrequent Finding of Metallo-β-Lactamase VIM-2 in Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains from Croatia
Authors: Sardelic Sanda , Bedenic Branka , Colinon-Dupuich Céline , Orhanovic Stjepan , Bosnjak Zrinka , Plecko Vanda , Cournoyer Benoit , Rossolini Gian Maria 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT

One hundred sixty-nine nonreplicate imipenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strains isolated in a large hospital on the coastal region of Croatia were studied. The most active antibiotics were colistin and amikacin. Most of the isolates were multiresistant. The most prevalent serotype was O12, followed by O11. Six strains carried the
bla
VIM-2
gene located in a novel class 1 integron composed in its variable part of the
bla
VIM-2
-
bla
oxa-10
-Δ
qacF-aacA4
genes. Metallo-β-lactamase-producing strains belonged to sequence types ST235 and ST111.
Vaccination with a DNA Vaccine Coding for Perforin-Like Protein 1 and MIC6 Induces Significant Protective Immunity against Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Yan Hai-Kuo , Yuan Zi-Guo , Song Hui-Qun , Petersen Eskild , Zhou Yang , Ren Di , Zhou Dong-Hui , Li Hao-Xin , Lin Rui-Qing , Yang Gui-Lian , Zhu Xing-Quan 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTHost cell invasion byToxoplasma gondiiis tightly related to microneme protein 6 (MIC6) andT. gondiiperforin-like protein 1 (TgPLP1). In this study, we constructed a DNA vaccine expressing a TgPLP1/MIC6 fusion protein using the pIRESneo vector, and we evaluated the immune response induced by this vaccine in Kunming mice. Levels of IgG antibody, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-12, IL-4, and IL-10 were examined. Five mice were chosen randomly from every group (vaccinated groups or the nonvaccinated control group) and were challenged intragastrically with 80 cysts ofT. gondiistrain PRU (genotype II) in order to observe mortality daily. To analyze protection against a less-virulent challenge, eight mice of each group were orally infected with 20 cysts of strain PRU at the 14th day after the last immunization. The brain parasite load was evaluated 6 weeks after infection. The results demonstrated that immunization with pIRESneo/MIC6/PLP1 resulted in the lowest brain cyst count and prolonged the survival time of immunized mice. The levels ofToxoplasma-specific IgG, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12 increased significantly, and the numbers of cysts in brains decreased more obviously, in the group immunized with plasmid pIRESneo/MIC6/PLP1 than in the other groups (P< 0.05). Compared with pIRESneo/MIC6/PLP1, coimmunization with pIRESneo/MIC6/PLP1 and adjuvant murine IL-18 promoted cellular and humoral immune responses but did not contribute significantly to cyst reduction (65.43% versus 61.60%) or the survival of immunized mice (45.0 ± 2.9 days versus 42.8 ± 2.9 days) (P> 0.05). Furthermore, the study also showed that the immune efficacy induced by pIRESneo/MIC6/PLP1 was better than that induced by pVAX/PLP1 or pVAX/MIC6 alone.
LitR of Vibrio salmonicida Is a Salinity-Sensitive Quorum-Sensing Regulator of Phenotypes Involved in Host Interactions and Virulence
Authors: Bjelland Ane Mohn , Sørum Henning , Tegegne Daget Ayana , Winther-Larsen Hanne C. , Willassen Nils Peder , Hansen Hilde 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT

Vibrio
(
Aliivibrio
)
salmonicida
is the causal agent of cold-water vibriosis, a fatal bacterial septicemia primarily of farmed salmonid fish. The molecular mechanisms of invasion, colonization, and growth of
V. salmonicida
in the host are still largely unknown, and few virulence factors have been identified. Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication system known to regulate virulence and other activities in several bacterial species. The genome of
V. salmonicida
LFI1238 encodes products presumably involved in several QS systems. In this study, the gene encoding LitR, a homolog of the master regulator of QS in
V. fischeri
, was deleted. Compared to the parental strain, the
litR
mutant showed increased motility, adhesion, cell-to-cell aggregation, and biofilm formation. Furthermore, the
litR
mutant produced less cryptic bioluminescence, whereas production of acylhomoserine lactones was unaffected. Our results also indicate a salinity-sensitive regulation of LitR. Finally, reduced mortality was observed in Atlantic salmon infected with the
litR
mutant, implying that the fish were more susceptible to infection with the wild type than with the mutant strain. We hypothesize that LitR inhibits biofilm formation and favors planktonic growth, with the latter being more adapted for pathogenesis in the fish host.
Complete Genome Sequences of Three Propionibacterium acnes Isolates from the Type IA
2
Cluster
Authors: Vörös Andrea , Horváth Balázs , Hunyadkürti Judit , McDowell Andrew , Barnard Emma , Patrick Sheila , Nagy István 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT

Propionibacterium acnes
is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that has been linked to a wide range of opportunistic human infections and conditions, most notably acne vulgaris (I. Kurokawa et al., Exp. Dermatol. 18:821–832, 2009). We now present the whole-genome sequences of three
P. acnes
strains from the type IA
2
cluster which were recovered from ophthalmic infections (A. McDowell et al., Microbiology 157:1990–2003, 2011).
Diagnostic Strategy for Identifying Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Based on Four Patterns of Virulence Genes
Authors: Schouler Catherine , Schaeffer Brigitte , Brée Annie , Mora Azucena , Dahbi Ghizlane , Biet François , Oswald Eric , Mainil Jacques , Blanco Jorge , Moulin-Schouleur Maryvonne 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

In order to improve the identification of avian pathogenic
Escherichia coli
(APEC) strains, an extensive characterization of 1,491
E. coli
isolates was conducted, based on serotyping, virulence genotyping, and experimental pathogenicity for chickens. The isolates originated from lesions of avian colibacillosis (
n
= 1,307) or from the intestines of healthy animals (
n
= 184) from France, Spain, and Belgium. A subset (460 isolates) of this collection was defined according to their virulence for chicks. Six serogroups (O1, O2, O5, O8, O18, and O78) accounted for 56.5% of the APEC isolates and 22.5% of the nonpathogenic isolates. Thirteen virulence genes were more frequently present in APEC isolates than in nonpathogenic isolates but, individually, none of them could allow the identification of an isolate as an APEC strain. In order to take into account the diversity of APEC strains, a statistical analysis based on a tree-modeling method was therefore conducted on the sample of 460 pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates. This resulted in the identification of four different associations of virulence genes that enables the identification of 70.2% of the pathogenic strains. Pathogenic strains were identified with an error margin of 4.3%. The reliability of the link between these four virulence patterns and pathogenicity for chickens was validated on a sample of 395
E. coli
isolates from the collection. The genotyping method described here allowed the identification of more APEC isolates with greater reliability than the classical serotyping methods currently used in veterinary laboratories.
New Acquisition of Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms in Skilled Nursing Facilities
Authors: Fisch Jay , Lansing Bonnie , Wang Linda , Symons Kathleen , Cherian Kay , McNamara Sara , Mody Lona 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

The epidemiology of new acquisition of antibiotic-resistant organisms (AROs) in community-based skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) is not well studied. To define the incidence, persistence of, and time to new colonization with methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and ceftazidime-resistant (CAZ
r
) and ciprofloxacin-resistant (CIP
r
) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in SNFs, SNF residents were enrolled and specimens from the nares, oropharynx, groin, perianal area, and wounds were prospectively cultured monthly. Standard microbiological tests were used to identify MRSA, VRE, and CAZ
r
and CIP
r
GNB. Residents with at least 3 months of follow-up were included in the analysis. Colonized residents were categorized as having either preexisting or new acquisition. The time to colonization for new acquisition of AROs was calculated. Eighty-two residents met the eligibility criteria. New acquisition of AROs was common. For example, of the 59 residents colonized with CIP
r
GNB, 28 (47%) were colonized with CIP
r
GNB at the start of the study (96% persistent and 4% intermittent), and 31 (53%) acquired CIP
r
GNB at the facility (61% persistent). The time to new acquisition was shortest for CIP
r
GNB, at a mean of 75.5 days; the time to new acquisition for MRSA was 126.6 days (
P
= 0.007 versus CIP
r
GNB), that for CAZ
r
was 176.0 days (
P
= 0.0001 versus CIP
r
GNB), and that for VRE was 186.0 days (
P
= 0.0004 versus CIP
r
GNB). Functional status was significantly associated with new acquisition of AROs (odds ratio [OR], 1.24;
P
= 0.01). New acquisition of AROs, in particular CIP
r
GNB and MRSA, is common in SNFs. CIP
r
GNB are acquired rapidly. Additional longitudinal studies to investigate risk factors for ARO acquisition are required.
First Report of Infectious Pericarditis Due to Bordetella holmesii in an Adult Patient with Malignant Lymphoma
Authors: Nei Takahito , Hyodo Hideya , Sonobe Kazunari , Dan Kazuo , Saito Ryoichi 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Bordetella holmesii
is a fastidious Gram-negative rod first identified in 1995. Though rare, it is isolated mainly in immunocompromised and asplenic hosts and is associated with bacteremia, pertussis-like respiratory tract infection, and endocarditis. Herein, we describe a unique
B. holmesii
infectious pericarditis patient with malignant lymphoma.
The Extended Cell Panel Assay Characterizes the Relationship of Prion Strains RML, 79A, and 139A and Reveals Conversion of 139A to 79A-Like Prions in Cell Culture
Authors: Oelschlegel Anja M. , Fallahi Mohammad , Ortiz-Umpierre Shannon , Weissmann Charles 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT
Three commonly used isolates of murine prions, 79A, 139A, and RML, were derived from the so-called Chandler isolate, which was obtained by propagating prions from scrapie-infected goat brain in mice. RML is widely believed to be identical with 139A; however, using the extended cell panel assay (ECPA), we here show that 139A and RML isolates are distinct, while 79A and RML could not be distinguished. We undertook to clone 79A and 139A prions by endpoint dilution in murine neuroblastoma-derived PK1 cells. Cloned 79A prions, when returned to mouse brain, were unchanged and indistinguishable from RML by ECPA. However, 139A-derived clones, when returned to brain, yielded prions distinct from 139A and similar to 79A and RML. Thus, when 139A prions were transferred to PK1 cells, 79A/RML-like prions, either present as a minor component in the brain 139A population or generated by mutation in the cells, were selected and, after being returned to brain, were the major if not only component of the population.
Kinematic keys of the Santos–Namibe basins
Authors: Moulin Maryline , Aslanian Daniel , Rabineau Marina , Patriat Martin , Matias Luis 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Understanding the genesis of the very peculiar 600 km-wide Santos Basin–São Paulo Plateau system and its narrow conjugate Namibe Margin is a kinematic and structural problem. Several hypotheses have been proposed in order to explain the genesis of this system that imply the same amount of horizontal movement. We investigate the consequences of the horizontal movement in the Santos Basin, based in plate kinematic reconstructions. The kinematic history of this system that we present here, based on the interpretation of seismic profiles and kinematic constraints, has the following consequences: (1) there is no evidence of a ridge jump
sensu stricto
but, rather, a southwards propagation in the Central Segment of the South Atlantic that starts in the northern part, between the NE Brazilian and Gabonese margins; (2) the Namibe margin evolved as a transform passive margin; (3) the opening direction of the Santos Basin–São Paulo Plateau system is oblique to the general opening motions of the South American and African plates; and (4) this opening is younger (6 Ma) than those of the other basins of the Central Segment of the South Atlantic.
Improving data quality by source analysis
Authors: Müller Heiko , Freytag Johann-Christoph , Leser Ulf 
Published: February 2012

In many domains, data cleaning is hampered by our limited ability to specify a comprehensive set of integrity constraints to assist in identification of erroneous data. An alternative approach to improve data quality is to exploit different data sources that contain information about the same set of objects. Such overlapping sources highlight hot-spots of poor data quality through conflicting data values and immediately provide alternative values for conflict resolution. In order to derive a dataset of high quality, we can merge the overlapping sources based on a quality assessment of the conflicting values. The quality of the resulting dataset, however, is highly dependent on our ability to asses the quality of conflicting values effectively.
The main objective of this article is to introduce methods that aid the developer of an integrated system over overlapping, but contradicting sources in the task of improving the quality of data. Value conflicts between contradicting sources are often systematic, caused by some characteristic of the different sources. Our goal is to identify such systematic differences and outline data patterns that occur in conjunction with them. Evaluated by an expert user, the regularities discovered provide insights into possible conflict reasons and help to assess the quality of inconsistent values. The contributions of this article are two concepts of systematic conflicts: contradiction patterns and minimal update sequences. Contradiction patterns resemble a special form of association rules that summarize characteristic data properties for conflict occurrence. We adapt existing association rule mining algorithms for mining contradiction patterns. Contradiction patterns, however, view each class of conflicts in isolation, sometimes leading to largely overlapping patterns. Sequences of set-oriented update operations that transform one data source into the other are compact descriptions for all regular differences among the sources. We consider minimal update sequences as the most likely explanation for observed differences between overlapping data sources. Furthermore, the order of operations within the sequences point out potential dependencies between systematic differences. Finding minimal update sequences, however, is beyond reach in practice. We show that the problem already is NP-complete for a restricted set of operations. In the light of this intractability result, we present heuristics that lead to convincing results for all examples we considered.