bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel sine‐curve mobility model for intrusion detection in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wang Yun , Leow Yoon Kah , Yin Jun 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTIntrusion detection is prominently important for civil and military applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). To date, related works address the problem by assuming a straight‐line intrusion path and a Boolean sensing model. However, a straight‐line intrusion path is often not the case in reality, and the Boolean sensing model cannot resemble a real‐world sensor precisely. Results based on these assumptions are therefore not applicable with desirable accuracy in practice. In view of this, we propose a novel sine‐curve mobility model that can simulate different intrusion paths by adjusting its features (amplitude, frequency, and phase) and can be integrated into the random WSN model for intrusion detection analysis. It can also be applied to different sensor models and makes influencing factors tractable. With the model, we examine the effects of different intrusion paths on the intrusion detection probability in a random WSN, considering both Boolean and realistic Elfes sensing models. Further, we investigate the interplays between network settings and intruder's mobility patterns and identify the benefits and side effects of the model theoretically and experimentally. Simulation outcomes are shown to match well with the theoretical results, validating the modeling, analysis, and conclusions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drugs as instruments: A new framework for non-addictive psychoactive drug use
Authors: Müller Christian P. , Schumann Gunter 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMost people who are regular consumers of psychoactive drugs are not drug addicts, nor will they ever become addicts. In neurobiological theories, non-addictive drug consumption is acknowledged only as a “necessary” prerequisite for addiction, but not as a stable and widespread behavior in its own right. This target article proposes a new neurobiological framework theory for non-addictive psychoactive drug consumption, introducing the concept of “drug instrumentalization.” Psychoactive drugs are consumed for their effects on mental states. Humans are able to learn that mental states can be changed on purpose by drugs, in order to facilitate other, non-drug-related behaviors. We discuss specific “instrumentalization goals” and outline neurobiological mechanisms of how major classes of psychoactive drugs change mental states and serve non-drug-related behaviors. We argue that drug instrumentalization behavior may provide a functional adaptation to modern environments based on a historical selection for learning mechanisms that allow the dynamic modification of consummatory behavior. It is assumed that in order to effectively instrumentalize psychoactive drugs, the establishment of and retrieval from a drug memory is required. Here, we propose a new classification of different drug memory subtypes and discuss how they interact during drug instrumentalization learning and retrieval. Understanding the everyday utility and the learning mechanisms of non-addictive psychotropic drug use may help to prevent abuse and the transition to drug addiction in the future.
Drug use as consumer behavior
Authors: Foxall Gordon Robert , Sigurdsson Valdimar 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSeeking integration of drug consumption research by a theory of memory function and emphasizing drug consumption rather than addiction, Müller & Schumann (M&S) treat drug self-administration as part of a general pattern of consumption. This insight is located within a more comprehensive framework for understanding drug use as consumer behavior that explicates the reinforcement contingencies associated with modes of drug consumption.
Optimal drug use and rational drug policy
Authors: Miller Geoffrey F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe Müller & Schumann (M&S) view of drug use is courageous and compelling, with radical implications for drug policy and research. It implies that most nations prohibit most drugs that could promote happiness, social capital, and economic growth; that most individuals underuse rather than overuse drugs; and that behavioral scientists could use drugs more effectively in generating hypotheses and collaborating empathically.
Drug addiction finds its own niche
Authors: Reid Alastair 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe evolutionary framework suggested by Müller & Schumann (M&S) can be extended further by considering drug-taking in terms of Niche Construction Theory (NCT). It is suggested here that genetic and environmental components of addiction are modified by cultural acceptance of the advantages of non-addicted drug taking and the legitimate supply of performance-enhancing drugs. This may then reduce the prevalence of addiction.
Multiple Double Cross-Section Transmission Electron Microscope Sample Preparation of Specific Sub-10 nm Diameter Si Nanowire Devices
Authors: Gignac Lynne M. , Mittal Surbhi , Bangsaruntip Sarunya , Cohen Guy M. , Sleight Jeffrey W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe ability to prepare multiple cross-section transmission electron microscope (XTEM) samples from one XTEM sample of specific sub-10 nm features was demonstrated. Sub-10 nm diameter Si nanowire (NW) devices were initially cross-sectioned using a dual-beam focused ion beam system in a direction running parallel to the device channel. From this XTEM sample, both low- and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) images were obtained from six separate, specific site Si NW devices. The XTEM sample was then re-sectioned in four separate locations in a direction perpendicular to the device channel: 90° from the original XTEM sample direction. Three of the four XTEM samples were successfully sectioned in the gate region of the device. From these three samples, low- and high-resolution TEM images of the Si NW were taken and measurements of the NW diameters were obtained. This technique demonstrated the ability to obtain high-resolution TEM images in directions 90° from one another of multiple, specific sub-10 nm features that were spaced 1.1 μm apart.
Chemical clues on the formation of planetary systems
Authors: Mena Elisa Delgado , Israelian Garik , Hernández Jonay I. González , Bond Jade C. , Santos Nuno C. , Udry Stéphane , Mayor Michel 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTheoretical studies suggest that C/O and Mg/Si are the most important elemental ratios in determining the mineralogy of terrestrial planets. The C/O ratio controls the distribution of Si among carbide and oxide species, while Mg/Si gives information about the silicate mineralogy. We find mineralogical ratios quite different from those of the Sun, showing that there is a wide variety of planetary systems which are not similar to Solar System. Many of planetary host stars present a Mg/Si value lower than 1, so their planets will have a high Si content to form species such as MgSiO3. This type of composition can have important implications for planetary processes like plate tectonics, atmospheric composition or volcanism. Moreover, the information given by these ratios can guide us in the search of stars more probable to form terrestrial planets.
Application of recent results on the orbital migration of low mass planets: convergence zones
Authors: Mordasini Christoph , Dittkrist Kai-Martin , Alibert Yann , Klahr Hubert , Benz Willy , Henning Thomas 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPrevious models of the combined growth and migration of protoplanets needed large ad hoc reduction factors for the type I migration rate as found in the isothermal approximation. In order to eliminate these factors, a simple semi-analytical model is presented that incorporates recent results on the migration of low mass planets in non-isothermal disks. It allows for outward migration. The model is used to conduct planetary populations synthesis calculations. Two points with zero torque are found in the disks. Planets migrate both in- and outward towards these convergence zones. They could be important for accelerating planetary growth by concentrating matter in one point. We also find that the updated type I migration models allow the formation of both close-in low mass planets, but also of giant planets at large semimajor axes. The problem of too rapid migration is significantly mitigated.
A new view on planet formation
Authors: Nayakshin Sergei 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe standard picture of planet formation posits that giant gas planets are over-grown rocky planets massive enough to attract enormous gas atmospheres. It has been shown recently that the opposite point of view is physically plausible: the rocky terrestrial planets are former giant planet embryos dried of their gas “to the bone” by the influences of the parent star. Here we provide a brief overview of this “Tidal Downsizing” hypothesis in the context of the Solar System structure.
A possible dividing line between massive planets and brown-dwarf companions
Authors: Sahlmann Johannes , Ségransan Damien , Queloz Didier , Udry Stéphane 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBrown dwarfs are intermediate objects between planets and stars. The lower end of the brown-dwarf mass range overlaps with the one of massive planets and therefore the distinction between planets and brown-dwarf companions may require to trace the individual formation process. We present results on new potential brown-dwarf companions of Sun-like stars, which were discovered using CORALIE radial-velocity measurements. By combining the spectroscopic orbits and Hipparcos astrometric measurements, we have determined the orbit inclinations and therefore the companion masses for many of these systems. This has revealed a mass range between 25 and 45 Jupiter masses almost void of objects, suggesting a possible dividing line between massive planets and sub-stellar companions.
Statistical patterns in ground-based transit surveys
Authors: Cameron Andrew Collier 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAs the number of known transiting planets from ground-based surveys passes the 100 mark, it is becoming possible to perform meaningful statistical analyses on their physical properties. Caution is needed in their interpretation, because subtle differences in survey strategy can lead to surprising selection effects affecting the distributions of planetary orbital periods and radii, and of host-star metallicity. Despite these difficulties, the planetary mass-radius relation appears to conform more or less to theoretical expectations in the mass range from Saturns to super-Jupiters. The inflated radii of many hot Jupiters indicate that environmental factors can have a dramatic effect on planetary structure, and may even lead to catastrophic loss of the planetary envelope under extreme irradiation. High-precision radial velocities and secondary-eclipse timing are yielding eccentricity measurements of exquisite precision. They show some hot Jupiters to be in almost perfectly circular orbits, while others remain slightly but significantly eccentric.
The spectra of low-temperature atmospheres: Lessons learned from brown dwarfs
Authors: Burgasser Adam J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIndirect and direct spectroscopic studies of exoplanets are beginning to probe the most prominent chemical constituents and processes in their atmospheres. However, studies of equivalently low-temperature brown dwarfs have been taking place for over a decade. In this review, I summarize some of the results of detailed spectroscopic, photometric and polarimetric studies of brown dwarfs of various effective temperatures, surface gravities and metallicities, highlighting the insight gained into the chemistry and cloud formation of planetary-like atmospheres. Nonequilibrium chemistry and variations in cloud properties are singled out as critical ingredients for interpreting exoplanet spectra. I also discuss recent direct spectroscopic studies of exoplanet atmospheres, both close to and widely-separated from their host star, and propose that the latter are better analogs to isolated brown dwarfs.
Tidal dynamics of transiting exoplanets
Authors: Fabrycky Daniel C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTransits give us the mass, radius, and orbital properties of the planet, all of which inform dynamical theories. Two properties of the hot Jupiters suggest they had a dramatic origin via tidal damping from high eccentricity. First, the tidally circularized planets (in the 1-4 day pile-up) lie along a relation or boundary in the mass-period plane. This observation may implicate a tidal damping process regulated by planetary radius inflation and Roche lobe overflow, early in the planets' lives. Second, the host stars of many planets have spins misaligned from the planets' orbits. This observation was not expected a priori from the conventional disk migration theory, and it was a boon for the alternative theories of planet-planet scattering and Kozai cycles, accompanied by tidal friction, which predicted it. Now we are faced with a curious observation that the misalignment angle depends on the stellar temperature. It may mean that the tide raised on the stars realigns them, the final result being the tidal consumption of hot Jupiters.
Direct imaging of massive extrasolar planets
Authors: Kalas Paul 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe direct detection of an extrasolar planet can provide accurate measurements of its orbit, mass and composition, greatly improving our understanding of how planets form and evolve. Recent advances in ground-based and space-based imaging techniques have now produced the first direct images of extrasolar planets. Typically these are many-Jupiter-mass planets on wide orbits. Direct imaging therefore probes the outer architecture of planetary systems and it is highly complementary to other techniques sensitive to inner architectures. This brief review summarizes the properties of the currently imaged exoplanets, provides an update on the orbit of Fomalhaut b, and highlights the emerging phenomenon of circumplanetary disks.
On the equilibrium rotation of Hot Jupiters in eccentric and excited orbits
Authors: Correia Alexandre C. M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHot-Jupiters are a common sub-class of exoplanets, which are enough close to the star to undergo tidal dissipation. The continuous action of tides modify the rotation of the planets until an equilibrium situation is reached. It is often assumed that synchronous motion is the most probable outcome of tidal evolution, since synchronous rotation is observed for the majority of the satellites in the Solar System. This is true for circular orbits, but when the orbits are eccentric, tidal effects are stronger when the planets are closer to the star, and therefore, the rotation rate tends to equalize the orbital speed rate at the pericenter (which is faster than synchronous rotation). An additional complication arises if the eccentricity is not constant and undergoes periodic perturbations from an external companion. Here we obtain an expression for the equilibrium rotation of Hot-Jupiters undergoing tidal dissipation and planetary perturbations. We show that for these planets, the equilibrium rotation rate is faster than for non-perturbed eccentric orbits.
On the possibility of enrichment and differentiation in gas giants during birth by disk instability
Authors: Boley Aaron C. , Durisen Richard H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe investigate the coupling between solids and gas during the formation of gas giant planets by disk fragmentation in the outer regions of massive disks. We find that fragments can become differentiated at birth. Even if an entire clump does not survive, differentiation could create solids cores that survive to accrete gaseous envelopes later.
Simultaneous formation of Jupiter and Saturn
Authors: Guilera Octavio M. , Brunini Adrián , Benvenuto Omar G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe calculate the simultaneous in situ formation of Jupiter and Saturn by the core instability mechanism considering the oligarchic growth regime for the accretion of planetesimals. We consider a density distribution for the size of planetesimals and planetesimals migration. The planets are immersed in a realistic protoplanetary disk that evolves with time. We find that, within the classical model of solar nebula, the isolated formation of Jupiter and Saturn undergoes significant change when it occurs simultaneously.
Dead zones and the diversity of exoplanetary systems
Authors: Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Pudritz Ralph E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPlanetary migration provides a theoretical basis for the observed diversity of exoplanetary systems. We demonstrate that dust settling - an inescapable feature of disk evolution - gives even more rapid type I migration by up to a factor of about 2 than occurs in disks with fully mixed dust. On the other hand, type II migration becomes slower by a factor of 2 due to dust settling. This even more problematic type I migration can be resolved by the presence of a dead zone; the inner, high density region of a disk which features a low level of turbulence. We show that enhanced dust settling in the dead zone leaves a dusty wall at its outer edge. Back-heating of the dead zone by this wall produces a positive radial gradient for the disk temperature, which acts as a barrier for type I migration.
The GROUnd-based Secondary Eclipse project - GROUSE
Authors: de Mooij Ernst , de Kok Remco , Nefs Bas , Brogi Matteo , Snellen Ignas 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSecondary eclipse observations of exoplanets at near-infrared wavelengths are important to constrain the energy budgets of hot-Jupiters, since they probe the radiation from the planet's atmosphere at the peak of the spectral energy distribution. Since this wavelength range is accesible from the ground, we have started the GROUnd-based Secondary Eclipse (GROUSE) project. As part of the GROUSE project, we target a sample of hot-Jupiters at near-infrared and optical wavelengths. Planets include TrES-3b, HAT-P-1, WASP-18b and WASP-33b.
Transmission spectroscopy of the sodium doublet in WASP-17b with the VLT
Authors: Wood Patricia L. , Maxted Pierre F. L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe detection of sodium absorption during primary transit implies the presence of an atmosphere around an extrasolar planet. WASP-17b (Anderson et al. 2010a) is the least dense known planet, with a radius twice that of Jupiter. It orbits an F6-type star, and its low gravity gives its atmosphere a very large scale height. The sodium transit depth is expected to be 4.1 – 5.2 times deeper than for HD 209458b (Seager & Sasselov 2000). We obtained 24 spectra with the GIRAFFE spectrograph on the VLT, 8 during transit. We measured the flux in the sodium doublet at 5889.95 Å and 5895.92 Å using bandpasses 0.75, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 Å. We find a transit depth of 0.55±0.13% at 1.5 Å (4.3σ). WASP-17b therefore has an atmosphere which is depleted in sodium compared to predictions.
Methanogenic archaea are globally ubiquitous in aerated soils and become active under wet anoxic conditions
Authors: Angel Roey , Claus Peter , Conrad Ralf 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The prototypical representatives of the Euryarchaeota—the methanogens—are oxygen sensitive and are thought to occur only in highly reduced, anoxic environments. However, we found methanogens of the genera Methanosarcina and Methanocella to be present in many types of upland soils (including dryland soils) sampled globally. These methanogens could be readily activated by incubating the soils as slurry under anoxic conditions, as seen by rapid methane production within a few weeks, without any additional carbon source. Analysis of the archaeal 16S ribosomal RNA gene community profile in the incubated samples through terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and quantification through quantitative PCR indicated dominance of Methanosarcina, whose gene copy numbers also correlated with methane production rates. Analysis of the δ13C of the methane further supported this, as the dominant methanogenic pathway was in most cases aceticlastic, which Methanocella cannot perform. Sequences of the key methanogenic enzyme methyl coenzyme M reductase retrieved from the soil samples before incubation confirmed that Methanosarcina and Methanocella are the dominant methanogens, though some sequences of Methanobrevibacter and Methanobacterium were also detected. The global occurrence of only two active methanogenic archaea supports the hypothesis that these are autochthonous members of the upland soil biome and are well adapted to their environment.
Escapement of silver-phase European eels, Anguilla anguilla, determined from fishing activities in a Mediterranean lagoon (Or, France)
Authors: Charrier Fabien , Mazel Virgile , Caraguel Jean-Marie , Abdallah Yann , Le Gurun L. Laëtitia , Legault Antoine , Laffaille Pascal 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Charrier, F., Mazel, V., Caraguel, J-M., Abdallah, Y., Le Gurun, L. L., Legault, A., and Laffaille, P. 2012. Escapement of silver-phase European eels, Anguilla anguilla, determined from fishing activities in a Mediterranean lagoon (Or, France). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 30–33. Escapement of silver eels from a Mediterranean lagoon was estimated by a capture–tagging–recapture and automated tag-reading study. The population of silver-phase eels in the lagoon was estimated to be 13.2 kg ha−1, with an escapement rate from the commercial fishery of 76.8%.
Evolution of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease over 5 years under routine medical care – the ProGERD study
Authors: Malfertheiner P. , Nocon M. , Vieth M. , Stolte M. , Jaspersen D. , Koelz H. R. , Labenz J. , Leodolter A. , Lind T. , Richter K. , Willich S. N. 
Published: November 2011

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 154–164SummaryBackground  The evolution of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) under current management options remains uncertain.Aim  To examine whether, depending on the initial presentation, non‐erosive (NERD) and erosive reflux disease (ERD) without Barrett’s oesophagus will progress to more severe disease under current routine care following the resolution of the initial condition.Methods  Patients with the primary symptom of heartburn were included at baseline, and stratified into non‐erosive (NERD) and erosive reflux disease (ERD), LA grades A–D (Los Angeles classification). After a 2‐ to 8‐week course with esomeprazole therapy to achieve endoscopic healing in ERD and symptom relief in NERD, patients were treated routinely at the discretion of their physician. We report oesophagitis status and the presence of endoscopic and confirmed Barrett’s oesophagus after 5 years.Results  A total of 6215 patients were enrolled in the study of whom 2721 patients completed the 5‐year follow‐up. Progression, regression and stability of GERD severity were followed from baseline to 5 years. Only a few patients with NERD and mild/moderate ERD progressed to severe forms of ERD and even Barrett’s oesophagus. Most patients remained stable or showed improvement in their oesophagitis; 5.9% of the NERD patients, 12.1% of LA grade A/B patients and 19.7% of LA grade C/D patients in whom no Barrett’s oesophagus was recorded at baseline progressed to endoscopic or confirmed Barrett’s oesophagus at 5 years.Conclusion  Most GERD patients remain stable or improve over a 5‐year observation period under current routine clinical care.
Airway research: the current status and future directions
Authors: Isono S. , Greif R. , Mort T. C. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryWe highlight the areas we think important for future development of the subspeciality. The ultimate goal is to improve patient care and safety and to do this, we need to identify how and where episodes of harm arise. Simply continuing with current practice does not represent the best path towards our ultimate goal; objective evidence is needed to inform changes in practice.