bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helminth fauna of the Iberian lynx, Lynx pardinus
Authors: Torres J. , García-Perea R. , Gisbert J. , Feliu C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSpecimens of 12 helminth species were collected from carcasses of eight Lynx pardinus (Temminck, 1827), a carnivore endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. These species included: Brachylaima sp. (12.5%) (Trematoda); Taenia pisiformis (12.5%), T. polyacantha (25%), T. taeniaeformis (25%) and Mesocestoides litteratus (37.5%) (Cestoda); Eucoleus aerophilus (12.5%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (12.5%), Toxocara cati (37.5%), Toxascaris leonina (62.5%), Vigisospirura potekhina potekhina (12.5%), Mastophorus muris (12.5%) and Physaloptera praeputialis (12.5%) (Nematoda). The helminth fauna in Iberian lynx is compared with that of L. canadensis and L. rufus in America, and for L. lynx in Eurasia. The potential relationships between the parasitological data and some geographical, historical and dietary factors are discussed.
Ecology of Proteocephalus torulosus in the blue bream (Abramis ballerus) from the Oder River on the borders of Germany and Poland
Authors: Pietrock M. , Krüger R. , Meinelt T. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDuring studies on the ecology of fish helminths, the tapeworm Proteocephalus torulosus (Batsch, 1786) was frequently found in the intestine of the blue bream (Abramis ballerus) from the Oder River (Germany/Poland). In total, 633 fish, ranging between two and 16 years old, were sampled at monthly intervals over a two year period during 1993–1995. Statistically significant differences in the seasonal occurrence of the parasite in its fish host were observed. In 1993, the prevalence remained at a high level, ranging between 61.9 and 100%. During the summer of 1994, this value decreased to 5.5% and remained low for the rest of the year. The pattern of mean intensity of infection was similar to that of the prevalence. In 1993, the mean intensity varied between 8.4 and 31.8 worms per infected fish, with a continual loss of worms being observed in the summer of 1994. Changes in the amount of suspended particulate matter in water have been identified as the main cause of these observed differences in the course of infection of blue bream.
The ultrastructure of the cuticle and sheath of infective juveniles of entomopathogenic steinernematid nematodes
Authors: Patel M.N. , Wright D.J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe ultrastructure of the cuticle of infective juveniles (IJs) ofSteinernema carpocapsae(newly emerged and 80-day-old) and newly emerged IJs of S.riobravis, S. feltiaeandS. glaseriwas examined using transmission electron microscopy. The thickness of four distinctive layers of the cuticle was measured: epicuticle, cortical and median layer, striated layer and fibrous mat. The thickness of the cuticle was correlated with the size of the IJ. In the case of newly emerged IJs, the smallest species,S. carpocapsae, had a cuticle thickness ofc.270 nm compared withc.460 nm forS. glaseri, the largest of the four species. The overall thickness of the cuticle or the thickness of the cuticle layers was not correlated with the ability of the IJs of the four species to survive desiccationper se.The major difference between newly emerged IJs of the four species was thatS. carpocapsaehad a proportionately thicker striated layer compared with the other three species. The significance of this is not known but it may be an adaptation involving the nictation behaviour of this species. A substantial change was observed in the cuticle of aged (80-day-old) IJs ofS. carpocapsae, whereby the thickness of the cortical and median layer increased by more than 100% and the overall thickness of the cuticle increased by about 50%. Two possible explanations for this increase are: (i) new material was synthesized; or (ii) the fluid content of this layer increased due to an increase in the permeability of the outer layers of the cuticle. The ultrastructure of the sheaths ofS. feltiaeandS. glaseriwas also examined and, apart fromS. glaserihaving a thicker sheath, the structure of the sheath in both species was similar, with the epicuticle and striated layer still visible.
Mitochondrial DNA diversity in nematodes
Authors: Blouin M.S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe relatively small literature on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity in nematode species is summarized here. Nematodes show a wide range of overall genetic diversities and population genetic structures. Species-wide levels of diversity correlate strongly with the breeding system and other life cycle features that control effective population size. Obligate outcrossers that parasitize mobile vertebrate hosts are the most diverse, species having hermaphroditic stages are less so, and species having asexual reproductive stages appear even less diverse. Nevertheless, these conclusions are preliminary because there exist so few data on DNA diversity in nematodes. What is needed are more comparative studies using similar sampling designs and the same DNA markers, including nuclear loci and further work with mtDNA
Morphological changes of larval Echinococcus multilocularis in mice treated with albendazole or mebendazole
Authors: Nakaya K. , Oomori Y. , Kutsumi H. , Nakao M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractUsing DBA/2J mice, tissue homogenates of larval Echinococcus multilocularis were injected into the mesenteric veins to generate the liver infection. Mice were treated with either albendazole or mebendazole for prolonged periods to examine the morphological changes of the metacestode. Albendazole induced disorganization of both laminated and germinal layers and suppressed the maturation of vesicles. Amorphous but loosely laminated PAS-positive material was observed inside the damaged vesicles, although new vesicles slightly developed inside or outside of the damaged ones. Active proliferation of vesicles occurred after treatment with albendazole was terminated. Hydatid cysts were more severely damaged in mice treated with mebendazole and new vesicles did not develop around the damaged ones. Also, hydatid cysts reappeared after treatment with mebendazole was terminated. These results indicate that these drugs do not eliminate larval E. multilocularis in the long-term, but mebendazole has a higher suppressive effect on multivesiculation than albendazole.
The Morphogenesis of Experimental Fascioliasis
Authors: Poljakova-Krusteva O. , Krustev L. , Ellis D. S. , Bird R. G. 
Published: June 2009

Infestation of the white mouse with Fasciola hepatica resulted in cumulative damage to the liver parenchyma.Severe traumatic injury by the migrating young flukes left clearly differentiated migration pathways with progressive leucocytic infiltration. Acidophilic hyaline, necrotic patches which developed early in the infestation spread in the advanced stages to involve whole lobules while changes occurred in the bile ducts.Electron microscopy showed intracellular changes present in both early and late stages of infestation. This was interpreted as supporting the view that a toxic element is, to a greater extent than previously recognised, responsible for the morphogenesis of liver lesions in experimental fascioliasis.
Observations on the Morphology and Bionomics of Rhabditis coarctata Leuck. occurring on Dung Beetles
Authors: Triffitt Marjorie J. , Oldham J. N. 
Published: June 2009

During the pursuit of field work in the neighbourhood of Warwick in which the collection and examination of insects was involved, it was observed whilst carrying out dissections of dung-infesting beetles that several of them had attached to various parts of the exoskeleton collections of what were at first taken to be fungus spores. On close examination, however, these adherent bodies were discovered to be encysted nematodes which were using the beetles as carrying agents, whereby their transference to fresh dung, required for further development, would be assured.Our attention was drawn to a short note, written by Christie (1925), in which this author discusses the finding of what was either Rhabditis coarctata Leuck. or a closely related species on a number of species of dung beetles in America. With this information in mind, it was decided to culture the worms in order to follow out the life-cycle, determine the species, and make observations on the behaviour of the nematodes in relation to the insects on which they were found attached.
Experimental Studies On Egg Development, Hatching and Retrofection in Aspiculuris Tetraptera.
Authors: Hsü K. C. 
Published: June 2009

1. Observations were made on the development and hatching of eggs of Aspiculuris tetraptera in different media, preparatory to experiments investigating the possible occurrence of retrofection in this Oxyurid. Eggs of Enterobius vermicularis were studied under similar conditions.2. Infective eggs of A. tetraptera were applied to the anal opening of clean mice which were immobilized in cages specially designed to prevent the possibility of oral infection. Of 12 mice treated thus evidence was obtained from 6, by the finding of immature or adult worms in the intestine, that retrofection had taken place. This constitutes the first experimental proof of the occurrence of retrofection in a non-human Oxyurid.
Studies on Human Onchocerciasis and Simulium in Nyanza Province, Kenya
Authors: Buckley J. J. C. 
Published: June 2009

1. An experiment in bush-clearing was carried out at a small endemic focus of onchocerciasis in South Kavirondo district with a view to observing its effect on the adult population of S. neavei.2. The clearing consisted of the complete removal of undergrowth and partial removal of trees, from the banks of fly-infested portions of two confluent rivers, the Riana and the Yabe.3. In the first year of the experiment the clearing was carried out on the infested section of the Riana River, after which there was a decrease in the incidence of S. neavei on this section compared with that on the uncleared Yabe River.4. In the second year a similar clearing was effected on the infested section of the Yabe River, after which the S. neavei incidence on both sections came together again and during the third year showed a steady increase.
On the Systematics ofSyngamus trachea(Montagu, 1811) Chapin, 1925
Authors: Madsen Holger 
Published: June 2009

1.Syngamus parvusChapin, 1925,S. gracilisChapin, 1925, andS. merulaeBaylis, 1926, are shown to be synonyms ofS. trachea(Montagu, 1811). These conclusions are important in judging the epidemiology of the species.2. The list of hosts has been critically revised and supplemented with two new hosts,Melanocorypha calandraandLarus canus.
Notes on the use of Iodine and Chlorphenol against certain plant nematodes
Authors: Staniland L. N. 
Published: June 2009

1. “Chlorphenol” and “dichlorphenol”are shown to be highly toxic to eelworms, both in the active and quiescent stages. Comparisons are made between these chemicals and iodine solutions in this respect.2. Treatments of clover and teazle seed with “chlorphenol” and iodine solutions are described and it is shown that infesting eelworms may be controlled without affecting germination or subsequent growth.3. The use of “chlorphenol,” with the addition of a wetting agent is recommended for the hot-water treatment of narcissus bulbs, as an additional insurance for the control of the “wool” stage of bulb eelworm.4. The phytocidal action of “chlorphenol” is discussed and it is shown that such action is not marked.5. Some preliminary experiments on the use of “chlorphenol” against potato root eelworm are described.
On a New Cestode, Choanotaenia larimarina sp. nov., from the Greater Black-backed Gull, Larus marinus L.
Authors: Elce J. Brian 
Published: June 2009

1. A new species Choanotaenia larimarina sp.nov. from the greater black-backed gull (Larus marinus) is described.2. A comparison is made with other species of Choanotaenia which possess a reticulate uterus.3. Because the uterus breaks down in only one of these four species it is suggested that in this type of development the breakage may be due to mechanical stretching of the tubule in the gravid segment.4.If this be true then the portion of the uterine wall which envelops the egg is not a uterine capsule in the accepted sense.
On Some Filarial Parasites of South American Primates, with a Description ofTetrapetalonema tamarinaen.sp. from the Peruvian Tamarin Marmoset,Tamarinus nigricollis(Spix, 1823)
Authors: Dunn Frederick L. , Lambrecht Frank L. 
Published: June 2009

1. The results of a survey of 194 Peruvian and Colombian primates for filarial infections are presented. Nine genera and 14 species of marmosets and monkeys are represented in the survey. A blood film survey revealed microfilariae in 82, of 42% of the animals. Adult worms were recovered from 21 of 61 dissected animals. The 209 adult worms belong to four species:Dipetalonema gracile, Dipetalonema caudispina, Tetrapetalonema marmosetae, andTetrapetalonema tamarinae, a new species.2. New host records forDipetalonema gracile are: Tamarinus nigricollis, Cebus albifrons, andSaimiri boliviensis. Saimiri boliviensisis a new host forDipetalonema caudispina. New hosts forTetrapetalonema marmosetaeare:Oedipomidas oedipus, Saimiri sciurea, S. boliviensis, andAteles paniscus.3. The adult worms and microfilaria of a new species of filarial worm,Teirapetalonema tamarinae, are described from a Peruvian tamarin marmoset,Tamarinus nigricollis.
Some Cestodes of the Subfamily Paruterininae Fuhrmann, 1907 from Birds in Central Africa
Authors: Mettrick D. F. 
Published: June 2009

Paruterina quelea sp. nov. is described, and brief details given of P. zambicnsis Mettrick, 1960, and P. pentamyzos Mettrick, 1960. Details of all the species at present in the genus Paruterina are listed.Re-descriptions are given of Metroliasthes lucida Ransom, 1900, and Biuterina rectangula Fuhrmann, 1908.
Studies on the Microfilariae of Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Dirofilaria immitis, D, repens and D. aethiops
Authors: Taylor Angela E. R. 
Published: June 2009

(1) The microfilariae of L. loa, W. bancrofti, B. malayi, D. immitis, D. repens and D. aethiops have been studied in detail, using phasecontrast and ultra-violet microscopy and vital staining techniques.(2) In these microfilariae the cells of the “oten Mundgebilde” have been renamed “hook-muscle cells” as they appear to be concerned with the movements of the hook.(3) Two cells have been demonstrated in the nerve ring by means of ultra-violet photomicrography and vital staining with rongalit methylene blue.
The Snail Hosts of Certain Paramphistomatidae and Gastrothylacidae (Trematoda) Discovered by the Late Dr. P. L. LeRoux in Africa
Authors: Dinnik J. A. 
Published: June 2009

A study of several samples of young conical flukes reared from metacercariae obtained by the late Dr. P. L. LeRoux from certain fresh water snails has resulted in the following findings.It appears that the species which caused the severe intestinal paramphistomiasis amongst sheep described by LeRoux (1930) in South Africa was Paramphistomum microbothrium Fischoeder, not Cotylophoron cotyhphorum (Fischoeder) as was thought at the time and subsequently repeated in all the text books and reviews on paramphistomiasis published afterwards.
Three Cestodes from the Families Diploposthidae Poche, 1926, Dioecocestidae Southwell, 1930 and Progynotaeniidae Fuhrmann, 1936 found in the Black-winged Stilt, Himantopus hitnantopus himantopus (Linn., 1758). in Ghana
Authors: Ukoli F. M. A. 
Published: June 2009

Three cestodes are described from the black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus himantopus from Ghana.1. Himantocestus blanksoni gen. et sp. nov. (Diploposthidae Poche, 1926) from the duodenum.2. Infula burhini Burt, 1939 (Dioecocestidae Southwell, 1930) from the duodenum.3. Thomasitaenia nunguae gen. et sp. nov. (Progynotaeniidae Fuhrmann, 1936) from the rectal caeca.
The Relationships of the Nematode Superfamily Seuratoidea
Authors: Inglis William G. 
Published: June 2009

Echinonema cinctum is redescribed and referred to the Superfamily Seuratoidea: Seuratinema brevicaudatum is redescribed and the genus Seuratinema is provisionally accepted.2. The structure of the head in several species of the Seuratoidea is described and it is shown that the mouth opening is bilaterally symmetrical in Seuratinema and Seuratum.3. After a discussion on the developmental origins of the nematode head it is pointed out that all the labial structures in the Camallanidae and the Spiruroidea arise from a region of secondary elongation, i.e. from a cheilostome, while the paired jaws in the Cucullanidae arise as a modification of the oesophagus, i.e. are an oesophastome. As a consequence the family Cucullanidae is referred to the Seuratoidea : Ascaridida while the Camallanidae are left in the Spirurida.
Some Observations on Taeniid Ovicides: The Effects of Some Organic Compounds and Pesticides on Activity and Hatching
Authors: Mackie A. , Parnell I. W. 
Published: June 2009

The results are given of the preliminary screening of many organic compounds and pesticides and of a few inorganic compounds on the eggs of T. hydatigena and T. ovis.Over fifty of these chemicals had little, if any, effect on activity or on hatching, the majority of the others had only an insignificant effect. Moreover, many of the most effective were hindered by the protection of proglottids. Furthermore, some could not be used in practice.
Observations on strigeid metacercariae in the eyes of fish from Hanningfield Reservoir, Essex, England
Authors: Wootten R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA comparative study was made of the occurrence of the metacercariae of Diplostomum spathaceum, Tylodelphys clavata and T. podicipina in the eyes of brown and rainbow trout, perch, ruffe, roach, ten-spined stickleback, eel and stone-loach, from Hanningfield Reservoir, Essex between January 1968 and March 1969. D. spathaceum was found in all fish species and T. clavata in all except eel and stone-loach. The degree of infection varied considerably between different host species. T. podicipina occurred mainly in young perch but was also found in rainbow trout and ruffe. D. spathaceum normally occurring in the lens was also found in considerable numbers in the humor of the eye in brown and rainbow trout, perch and ruffe. Infection with D. spathaceum and T. clavata increased with length and age of the host although in some host species there was a reduction in the largest fish examined. Newly introduced rainbow trout became infected with D. spathaceum and T. clavata during their first summer in the reservoir.
Neoheterakis chapini n.g., n.sp. (Nematoda: Heterakoidea) from Afropavo congensis Chapin, 1936
Authors: Kumar V. , Thienpont D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNeoheterakis chapini n.g., n.sp. (Nematoda: Heterakoidea) is described from the caecum of a Congopeacock Afropavo congensis Chapin, 1936. The diagnostic features of the subfamily Spinaspidoderinae are extended to accomodate the new genus.
Aspiculuris tetraptera in wild Mus musculus. The prevalence of infection in male and female mice
Authors: Behnke Jerzy M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA survey was carried out of the levels of infection with Aspiculuris tetraptera and Syphacia obvelata in a wild house mouse population living in the Charles Clore Small Mammals Pavilion at the London Zoo in Regent's Park. The extent of infection with A. tetraptera is analysed according to the sex of the host. It is shown that the prevalence of infection was greater in male than in female mice and frequency distribution studies suggest that this is not only because fewer female mice become infected but also because females resist larvae more effectively than do males.
Helminth parasites of the cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Veillot, 1817 in Colorado, with two new species
Authors: Kayton Robert J. , Schmidt Gerald D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNinety-seven cliff swallows, Petrocheilidon pyrrhonota, were examined from North-eastern Colorado. Five species of nematodes (Hadjelia pyrrhonotae sp. n., Acuaria sp., Microtetrameres inermis, Splendidofilaria sp., Diplotriaena sp.); four species of trematodes (Concinnum minor sp. n., Brachylecithum marinholutzi, Plagiorchis maculosus, Stomylotremagratiosus); and two species of acanthocephala.(Mediorhynchusgrandis, Mediorhynchus papillosus (juveniles)) were recovered. All eleven species of helminths represent new host records. Six new records (Hadjelia pyrrhonota, Microtetrameres inermis, Concinnum minor, Brachylecithum marinlwlutzi, Plagiorchis maculosus, Stomylotrema gratiosus) were established for Colorado. Five new records (Hadjelia pyrrhonota, Microtetrameres inermis, Concinnum minor, Brachylecithum marinlwlutzi were established for North America.
Studies on Spirometra theileri (Baer, 1925) n. comb. 2. Pathology of experimental plerocercoid infections
Authors: Opuni E. K. , Muller R. L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe pathology associated with the early migratory phase of infection by the sparganum larvae of Spirometra theileri (Baer, 1925) Opuni and Muller, 1974 (Pseudophyllidea: Diphyllobothriidae), has been investigated in TO strain mice and in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatto). All infected mice developed haemorrhagic skin lesions and oedema of the joints and often ascites and peritonitis 3–6 weeks after infection. There was a 25% mortality in mice given plerocercoids orally, 37.5% in those injected with procercoids intraperitoneally. From eight weeks after infection larvae in both mice and monkeys were at various stages of encapsulation. One monkey which died three weeks after oral infection with 100 procercoids had developed ascites, haemorrhagic lesions and an acute peritonitis; infarcts were observed in the liver, lungs and spleen.
The effect of ultra-violet radiation on cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium
Authors: Ghandour A. M. , Webbe G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIt was shown that ultra-violet radiation has a damaging effect on cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium which are similarly influenced. Radiation of cercariae for intervals as short as 5–20 seconds markedly increased their mortality during penetration of host skin and inhibited migration of schistosomula in the lungs beyond days 3–4 post-infection. No mature adult worms were recovered from the liver and mesenteric veins of animals infected with irradiated cercariae. The practical significance of the cercaricidal property of ultra-violet radiation is discussed.
The effect of gamma radiation on cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Ghandour A. M. , Webbe G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractStudies were made of the fate of irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni, during their migration as schistosomula in the definitive host, by direct recovery of intact schistosomula from the skin and lungs and of adult worms from the liver of infected mice. Gamma radiation (6000 r) inhibited the migration and maturation of S. mansoni schistosomula to the adult stage. Penetration of irradiated cercariae into host skin proceeded normally and the first site of damage was in the lungs, but the majority of irradiated schistosomula were probably destroyed in the liver. The efiects of gamma radiation compared with those of ultra-violet radiation on cercariae of S. mansoni are discussed.
Contributions to our Knowledge of Digenetic Trematodes Part V. On Two New Species of Philophthalmus Looss, 1899 and a Discussion on the Family Philophthalamidae
Authors: Baugh S. C. 
Published: June 2009

Two specimens of this fluke were collected from the nictitating membrane of the Steppe Eagle, Aquila nipalensis Hudson, shot near the lake Chinhut, about 5 miles from Lucknow, U.P.The body.(Fig. 1) is aspinose, flattened and clavate with a narrow anterior and a broadly rounded posterior end. It measures 4·5–5·9 mm. in length and 1·5–1·8 mm. in maximum width in the middle region. The oral sucker is terminal measuring 0·33–0·36 mm. X 0·47–0·49 mm. The ventral sucker is larger than the oral sucker, situated at the level of the division of. the anterior and middle-thirds of the body, and about 1·14 mm. from the anterior extremity. It measures 0·56–0·61 mm. X 0·52–0·54 mm.