bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inappropriate utilization of radiographic imaging in men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer in the United States
Authors: Prasad Sandip M. , Gu Xiangmei , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Nguyen Paul L. , Hu Jim C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The use of radiographic imaging (bone scan and computerized tomography) is only recommended for men diagnosed with high‐risk prostate cancer characteristics. The authors sought to characterize utilization patterns of imaging in men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer.METHODS:The authors performed a population‐based observational cohort study using the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare linked data to identify 30,183 men diagnosed with prostate cancer during 2004 to 2005.RESULTS:Thirty‐four percent of men with low‐risk and 48% with intermediate‐risk prostate cancer underwent imaging, whereas only 60% of men with high‐risk disease received imaging before treatment. Radiographic imaging utilization was greater for men who were older than 75 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20‐1.37; P < .001), were black (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.21; P = .030), resided in wealthier areas (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.08‐1.32 for median income >$60,000 vs <$35,000; P < .001), lived in rural regions (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.12‐1.36; P < .001), or underwent standard radiation therapies (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.60‐1.84; P < .001). Imaging utilization was less for men living in areas with greater high school education (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75‐0.91 between highest and lowest graduation rates; P < .001) or opting for active surveillance (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.15‐0.19 vs radical prostatectomy; P < .001). The estimated cost of unnecessary imaging over this 2‐year period exceeded $3.6 million.CONCLUSIONS:In the United States, there is widespread overutilization of imaging for low‐risk and intermediate‐risk prostate cancer, whereas a worrisome number of men with high‐risk disease did not receive appropriate imaging studies to exclude metastases before therapy. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Shadow series in the Munsell system
Authors: Centore Paul 
Published: August 2011

AbstractUsing an inversion of the Munsell renotation, this article calculates that a colour's shadow series is approximately a straight line in the Munsell system. The line starts at the colour's Munsell specification and ends about one value step below N0, on the neutral axis. The colour's hue in shadow shifts slightly towards the yellow part of the spectrum. The calculations suggest that ideal black belongs at about N(−1) in the Munsell system, rather than at N0, if equality of perceptual steps is to be maintained. Similarly, ideal white should be slightly lighter than N10. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2013
Adaptive Transmission Control Protocol‐trunking flow control mechanism for supporting proxy‐assisted video on demand system
Authors: Yu Yuan‐Tse , Tong Sheau‐Ru 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYVideo streaming has been challenged by the best‐effort service inherently provided by the Internet. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is sensitive to traffic congestion, and current TCP is insufficient to offer stable and high throughput bandwidth for video transmissions. Although many investigations have been proposed to deal with the inefficient problem of TCP protocol, such as Stream Control Transmission Protocol, these mechanisms and protocols are still not well employed by current Internet and used by Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Adaptive TCP‐trunking flow control (ATCP+), which is a segment‐based flow control scheme built upon TCP protocol, is proposed in the paper. ATCP+ dynamically adjusts the transmitted segment size and makes multiple TCP connections be trunked together based on network condition, in order to optimize all TCP connection throughputs efficiently. The proposed scheme is implemented through HTTP 1.1. Experiments show that the proposed method can achieve stable throughput for smooth multimedia presentation on numerous network states, and the scheme can be handily applied on general web servers. Lastly, ATCP+ presents a cost‐effective video streaming solution in real deployment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses and 1H NMR Spectra of Substituted Zintl Ions [Ge9Rn](4–n)–: Crystal Structures of [Ge9R]3– (R = 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2, CHCH2) and Indication of Tris‐Vinylated Clusters
Authors: Benda Christian B. , Wang Jian‐Qiang , Wahl Bernhard , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe introduction of a mesityl (Mes; 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2) ligand to a Ge9 polyanion is accomplished by the reaction of [Ge9]4– solutions with Ag4Mes4. The crystal structure investigation of its [K([2.2.2]crypt)] salt ([2.2.2]crypt: 4,7,13,16,21,24‐hexaoxa‐1,10‐diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane) shows that [Ge9Mes]3– comprises one exo‐bonded aryl ligand in accordance with the 1H NMR spectroscopic data. The formation of mono‐, bis‐, and tris‐substituted Zintl Ions [Ge9Rn](4–n)– (n = 1, 2, and 3; R = CHCH2) is investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The mono‐ and bis‐vinylated Ge9 clusters, [Ge9(CHCH2)]3– and [Ge9(CHCH2)2]2–, were obtained by the reaction of K4Ge9 with Me3SiC≡CSiMe3 in ethylenediamine. In the presence of [18]crown‐6 (1,4,7,10,13,16‐hexaoxacyclooctadecane) and K(C5H5) crystals containing both cluster species were isolated and structurally characterized as[K([18]crown‐6)]2{(η5‐C5H5)[K([18]crown‐6)]2}[Ge9(CHCH2)]and [K([18]crown‐6)]{(η5‐C5H5)[K([18]crown‐6)]2}[Ge9(CHCH2)2], respectively. 1H NMR experiments hint for the tris‐vinylated cluster [Ge9(CHCH2)3]–.
Growth and Transformation Mechanism of Ternary CuAgSe Dendrites from Binary Ag2Se Dendrites
Authors: Gao Yuanhao , Zheng Zhi , Tian Yupeng , Zhang Yidong , Zhang Yange 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFor the first time, ternary CuAgSe dendrites on a Ag foil substrate have been synthesized at room temperature by inheriting the dendritic structures of Ag2Se nanocrystals, and Cu nanoparticles and Se powders were used to feed the growth in aqueous ammonia solution. The new nano approach for the fabrication of CuAgSe dendrites can be regarded as a successful chemical alternative to the recently developed technique for electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy deposition for chalcogenides. The transformation process and mechanism from the binary Ag2Se phase to the ternary CuAgSe phase are discussed along with analysis their of thermodynamic, kinetic, and crystallographic properties.
Facile Routes to ThIV, UIV, and NpIV Phosphites and Phosphates
Authors: Villa Eric M. , Wang Shuao , Alekseev Evgeny V. , Depmeier Wulf , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThree actinide(IV) phosphites and a NpIV phosphate, AnIV(HPO3)2(H2O)2 (An = Th, U, Np) and Cs[Np(H1.5PO4)(PO4)]2, respectively, were synthesized using mild hydrothermal conditions. The first three phases are isotypic and were obtained using similar reaction conditions. Cs[Np(H1.5PO4)(PO4)]2 was synthesized using an analogous method to that of Np(HPO3)2(H2O)2. However, this fourth phase is quite different in comparison to the other phases in both composition and structure. The structure of Cs[Np(H1.5PO4)(PO4)]2 is constructed from double layers of neptunium(IV) phosphate with caesium cations in the interlayer region. In contrast, An(HPO3)2(H2O)2 (An = Th, U, Np) form dense 3D networks. The actinide contraction is detected in variety of metrics obtained from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data. Changes in the oxidation state of the neptunium starting materials yield different products.
HP‐KB3O5 Highlights the Structural Diversity of Borates: Corner‐Sharing BO3/BO4 Groups in Combination with Edge‐Sharing BO4 Tetrahedra
Authors: Neumair Stephanie C. , Vanicek Stefan , Kaindl Reinhard , Többens Daniel M. , Martineau Charlotte , Taulelle Francis , Senker Jürgen , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe new compound HP‐KB3O5 was synthesized under high‐pressure/high‐temperature conditions. It is the first compound exhibiting all three possible conjunctions simultaneously: corner‐sharing BO3 groups, corner‐sharing BO4 units, as well as edge‐sharing BO4 tetrahedra. Calculations of harmonic vibrational frequencies and 11B solid‐state NMR measurements were performed for the first time with a compound exhibiting edge‐sharing BO4 tetrahedra.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Construction of γ‐Butenolides through Chiral Phosphane‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Acetates
Authors: Wei Yin , Ma Guang‐Ning , Shi Min 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA series of multifunctional, chiral amide–phosphane organocatalysts have been designed and synthesized for the allylic substitution of Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) acetate with 2‐trimethylsilyloxyfuran for butenolide synthesis. This reaction was achieved in good to excellent yield (42–98 %) and high ee (85–99 %) with respect to a wide range of substrates in absolute MeOH or CH3CN, using chiral amide–phosphane organocatalysts with an amide moiety including an active proton. NMR tracing experiments identified the critical phosphonium intermediates involved in the catalytic cycles. Computational studies disclosed the origins of diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity, in particular, revealing that the active proton of the amide moiety is the critical factor for the catalyst to have high enantiofacial control.
Total Synthesis of Bauhinoxepin J: A Biologically Active Dibenzo[b,f]oxepin Isolated from Bauhinia purpurea
Authors: Narita Koichi , Nakamura Ken , Abe Yui , Katoh Tadashi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBauhinoxepin J possessing antimycobacterial, antimalarial, and tumor growth inhibitory activities was efficiently synthesized. The method involves crucial steps, including a coupling reaction of two aromatic moieties to construct the desired carbon framework, chemoselective phenol oxidation of a bisphenol derivative to establish a key cyclization precursor, and construction of a characteristic seven‐membered dihydrooxepin ring by internal cyclization to yield the target bauhinoxepin J.
Face‐likeness and image variability drive responses in human face‐selective ventral regions
Authors: Davidenko Nicolas , Remus David A. , Grill‐Spector Kalanit 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe human ventral visual stream contains regions that respond selectively to faces over objects. However, it is unknown whether responses in these regions correlate with how face‐like stimuli appear. Here, we use parameterized face silhouettes to manipulate the perceived face‐likeness of stimuli and measure responses in face‐ and object‐selective ventral regions with high‐resolution fMRI. We first use “concentric hyper‐sphere” (CH) sampling to define face silhouettes at different distances from the prototype face. Observers rate the stimuli as progressively more face‐like the closer they are to the prototype face. Paradoxically, responses in both face‐ and object‐selective regions decrease as face‐likeness ratings increase. Because CH sampling produces blocks of stimuli whose variability is negatively correlated with face‐likeness, this effect may be driven by more adaptation during high face‐likeness (low‐variability) blocks than during low face‐likeness (high‐variability) blocks. We tested this hypothesis by measuring responses to matched‐variability (MV) blocks of stimuli with similar face‐likeness ratings as with CH sampling. Critically, under MV sampling, we find a face‐specific effect: responses in face‐selective regions gradually increase with perceived face‐likeness, but responses in object‐selective regions are unchanged. Our studies provide novel evidence that face‐selective responses correlate with the perceived face‐likeness of stimuli, but this effect is revealed only when image variability is controlled across conditions. Finally, our data show that variability is a powerful factor that drives responses across the ventral stream. This indicates that controlling variability across conditions should be a critical tool in future neuroimaging studies of face and object representation. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2334–2349, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
THE EFFECT OF RETIREMENT ON COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING
Authors: Coe Norma B. , von Gaudecker Hans‐Martin , Lindeboom Maarten , Maurer Jürgen 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYCognitive impairment has emerged as a major driver of disability in old age, with profound effects on individual well‐being and decision making at older ages. In the light of policies aimed at postponing retirement ages, an important question is whether continued labour supply helps to maintain high levels of cognition at older ages. We use data of older men from the US Health and Retirement Study to estimate the effect of continued labour market participation at older ages on later‐life cognition. As retirement itself is likely to depend on cognitive functioning and may thus be endogenous, we use offers of early retirement windows as instruments for retirement in econometric models for later‐life cognitive functioning. These offers of early retirement are legally required to be nondiscriminatory and thus, inter alia, unrelated to cognitive functioning. At the same time, these offers of early retirement options are significant predictors of retirement. Although the simple ordinary least squares estimates show a negative relationship between retirement duration and various measures of cognitive functioning, instrumental variable estimates suggest that these associations may not be causal effects. Specifically, we find no clear relationship between retirement duration and later‐life cognition for white‐collar workers and, if anything, a positive relationship for blue‐collar workers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor microenvironmental genomic alterations in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Authors: Silveira Sara Martoreli , Domingues Maria Aparecida Custódio , Butugan Ossamu , Brentani Maria Mitzi , Rogatto Silvia Regina 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundTo better characterize the pathophysiology of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA), endothelial and stromal cells were evaluated by genomic imbalances in association with transcript expression levels of genes mapped on these altered regions.MethodsHigh‐resolution comparative genomic hybridization (HR‐CGH) was used in laser‐captured endothelial and stromal cells from 9 JNAs. Ten genes were evaluated by quantitative real‐timereverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in 15 cases.ResultsAlthough gains were more frequently detected in endothelial cells, 57% of chromosomal alterations were common by both components. Gene expression analyses revealed a positive correlation between endothelial and stromal components for ASPM, CDH1, CTNNB1, FGF18, and SUPT16H. A significant difference was found for FGF18 and AURKB overexpression in stromal cells and AR down‐expression in endothelial cells.ConclusionsA similar pattern of gene expression and chromosomal imbalances in both exponents would suggest a common mechanism of functional regulation. AURKB, FGF18, and SUPT16H were identified as potential molecular markers in JNA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Neuropeptide Y stimulates proliferation and migration in the 4T1 breast cancer cell line
Authors: Medeiros Philip J. , Al‐Khazraji Baraa K. , Novielli Nicole M. , Postovit Lynne M. , Chambers Ann F. , Jackson Dwayne N. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractStress has long been thought of to be associated with increased risk of cancer. Chronic stress is associated with elevated levels of sympathetic neurotransmitter (norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y: NPY) release and immunosuppression. The expression of NPY receptors has been reported in human breast carcinomas. Recently, activation of the NPY Y5 receptor was shown to stimulate cell growth and increase migration in human breast cancer cells; however the effects of NPY have yet to be investigated in a murine model of breast cancer. Thus, the specific aims of the current study were to: (i) characterize NPY receptor expression in 4T1 breast cancer cells and orthotopic tumors grown in BALB/c mice and (ii) investigate the impact of NPY receptor activation on 4T1 cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Positive expression of NPY receptors (Y1R, Y2R and Y5R) was observed in cells and tumor tissue. As well, NPY treatment of 4T1 cells promoted a concentration‐dependent increase in proliferation, through increased phosphorylation of ERK 1/2. Using NPY receptor antagonists (Y1R:BIBP3226, Y2R:BIIE0246 and Y5R:L‐152,804), we found the proliferative response to be Y5R mediated. Additionally, NPY increased chemotaxis through Y2R and Y5R activation. These data are in congruence with those from human cell lines and highlight the 4T1 cell line as a translatable model of breast cancer in which the effects of NPY can be studied in an immunocompetent system.
Recombinant canstatin inhibits angiopoietin‐1‐induced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Hwang‐Bo Jeon , Yoo Ki Hyun , Park Jong‐Hwa , Jeong Han‐Sin , Chung In Sik 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe describe the effect of recombinant canstatin, the NC1 domain of the α2 chain of Type IV collagen, on suppression of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant canstatin produced from stably transformed Drosophila S2 cells reduced the expression of angiopoietin‐1 in hypoxia mimetic agent, CoCl2‐treated CT‐26 cells. Recombinant canstatin inhibited proliferation, tube formation and migration of human angiopoietin‐1 (rhAngpt‐1)‐treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC). Recombinant canstatin suppressed the expression of Tie‐2 and vascular endothelial growth factor‐3 (VEGFR‐3) transcripts in rhAngpt‐1‐treated HUVEC and LEC, respectively. The inhibitory effect of recombinant canstatin on tumor growth was also investigated using a heterotopic CT‐26 colon carcinoma animal (BALB/c mice) model. Recombinant canstatin reduced the final volume and weight of tumors, and blood and lymphatic vessel densities of tumors, which were evaluated by CD‐31 and LYVE‐1 immunostaining. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that recombinant canstatin dramatically reduced the expression of angiopoietin‐1 in CT‐26 colon carcinoma‐induced tumor, but not the expression of VEGF‐C. Tie‐2 and VEGFR‐3 expressions were also reduced in recombinant canstatin‐treated tumors. These results indicate that recombinant canstatin has anti‐tumoral activities against CT‐26 colon carcinoma cells. Recombinant canstatin reduces the expression of angiopoietin‐1 in hypoxia‐induced CT‐26 cells and inhibits the angiogenic and lymphangiogenic signaling induced by angiopoietin‐1. Recombinant canstatin probably inhibits angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis via suppression of the integrin‐dependent FAK signaling induced by angiopoietin‐1/Tie‐2 and/or VEGFR‐3.
Measurement of human skeletal muscle oxidative capacity by 31P‐MR spectroscopy: A cross‐validation with in vitro measurements
Authors: Lanza Ian R. , Bhagra Sumit , Nair K. Sreekumaran , Port John D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPurpose:To cross‐validate skeletal muscle oxidative capacity measured by 31P‐MR spectroscopy with in vitro measurements of oxidative capacity in mitochondria isolated from muscle biopsies of the same muscle group in 18 healthy adults.Materials and Methods:Oxidative capacity in vivo was determined from PCr recovery kinetics following a 30‐s maximal isometric knee extension. State 3 respiration was measured in isolated mitochondria using high‐resolution respirometry. A second cohort of 10 individuals underwent two 31P‐MRS testing sessions to assess the test–retest reproducibility of the method.Results:Overall, the in vivo and in vitro methods were well‐correlated (r = 0.66–0.72) and showed good agreement by Bland Altman plots. Excellent reproducibility was observed for the PCr recovery rate constant (CV = 4.6%; ICC = 0.85) and calculated oxidative capacity (CV = 3.4%; ICC = 0.83).Conclusion:These results indicate that 31P‐MRS corresponds well with gold‐standard in vitro measurements and is highly reproducible. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does vertebral bone marrow fat content correlate with abdominal adipose tissue, lumbar spine bone mineral density, and blood biomarkers in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Baum Thomas , Yap Samuel P. , Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Nardo Lorenzo , Kuo Daniel , Burghardt Andrew J. , Masharani Umesh B. , Schwartz Ann V. , Li Xiaojuan , Link Thomas M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPurpose:To compare vertebral bone marrow fat content quantified with proton MR spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) with the volume of abdominal adipose tissue, lumbar spine volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and blood biomarkers in postmenopausal women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and Methods:Thirteen postmenopausal women with T2DM and 13 age‐ and body mass index‐matched healthy controls were included in this study. All subjects underwent 1H‐MRS of L1–L3 to quantify vertebral bone marrow fat content (FC) and unsaturated lipid fraction (ULF). Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was performed to assess vBMD of L1–L3. The volumes of abdominal subcutaneous/visceral/total adipose tissue were determined from the QCT images and adjusted for abdominal body volume (SATadj/VATadj/TATadj). Fasting blood tests included plasma glucose and HbA1c.Results:Mean FC showed an inverse correlation with vBMD (r = −0.452; P < 0.05) in the whole study population. While mean FC was similar in the diabetic women and healthy controls (69.3 ± 7.5% versus 67.5 ± 6.1%; P > 0.05), mean ULF was significantly lower in the diabetic group (6.7 ± 1.0% versus 7.9 ± 1.6%; P < 0.05). SATadj and TATadj correlated significantly with mean FC in the whole study population (r = 0.538 and r = 0.466; P < 0.05). In contrast to the control group, significant correlations of mean FC with VATadj and HbA1c were observed in the diabetic group (r = 0.642 and r = 0.825; P < 0.05).Conclusion:This study demonstrated that vertebral bone marrow fat content correlates significantly with SATadj, TATadj, and lumbar spine vBMD in postmenopausal women with and without T2DM, but with VATadj and HbA1c only in women with T2DM. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:117‐124. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple categorization in resume screening: Examining effects on hiring discrimination against Arab applicants in field and lab settings
Authors: Derous Eva , Ryan Ann Marie , Nguyen Hannah‐Hanh D. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryDebate exists as to what the more appropriate prediction is regarding the effects of multiple stigmatized group memberships on employment discrimination. The ethnic prominence (EP), multiple minority status (MMS), and subordinate male target hypotheses were assessed for the combined effects of ethnic group membership (Arabic), sex, social status, and job type on hiring evaluations. Two correspondence tests in the field (Study 1) and two experimental studies in the lab (Study 2) and in the field (Study 3) were conducted. Studies 1 and 2 showed evidence for the EP hypothesis when low‐status jobs were tested. The odds for rejection were four times higher for Arab than for Dutch applicants. Applicants' sex, socio‐economic status, and external client contact did not moderate findings (Study 1). The effect of applicants' ethnic group membership was further moderated by raters' motivation to control prejudice (Study 2). Study 3 showed evidence for the MMS hypothesis. We found double jeopardy against Arab women who applied for high‐status jobs when recruiters' prejudice was controlled. Study findings show that discrimination in resume screening may depend upon the particular intersection of applicant, job, and recruiter characteristics. We discussed implications for anonymous resume screening and research on evaluation of applicants possessing multiple stigmatizing characteristics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.