bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Condensin II Alleviates DNA Damage and Is Essential for Tolerance of Boron Overload Stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sakamoto Takuya , Inui Yayoi Tsujimoto , Uraguchi Shimpei , Yoshizumi Takeshi , Matsunaga Sachihiro , Mastui Minami , Umeda Masaaki , Fukui Kiichi , Fujiwara Toru 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Although excess boron (B) is known to negatively affect plant growth, its molecular mechanism of toxicity is unknown. We previously isolated two Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, hypersensitive to excess B (heb1-1 and heb2-1). In this study, we found that HEB1 and HEB2 encode the CAP-G2 and CAP-H2 subunits, respectively, of the condensin II protein complex, which functions in the maintenance of chromosome structure. Growth of Arabidopsis seedlings in medium containing excess B induced expression of condensin II subunit genes. Simultaneous treatment with zeocin, which induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and aphidicolin, which blocks DNA replication, mimicked the effect of excess B on root growth in the heb mutants. Both excess B and the heb mutations upregulated DSBs and DSB-inducible gene transcription, suggesting that DSBs are a cause of B toxicity and that condensin II reduces the incidence of DSBs. The Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutant atr-2, which is sensitive to replication-blocking reagents, was also sensitive to excess B. Taken together, these data suggest that the B toxicity mechanism in plants involves DSBs and possibly replication blocks and that plant condensin II plays a role in DNA damage repair or in protecting the genome from certain genotoxic stressors, particularly excess B.
Biosynthesis and Defensive Function of N
Δ-Acetylornithine, a Jasmonate-Induced Arabidopsis Metabolite
Authors: Adio Adewale M. , Casteel Clare L. , De Vos Martin , Kim Jae Hak , Joshi Vijay , Li Baohua , Juéry Caroline , Daron Josquin , Kliebenstein Daniel J. , Jander Georg 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Since research on plant interactions with herbivores and pathogens is often constrained by the analysis of already known compounds, there is a need to identify new defense-related plant metabolites. The uncommon nonprotein amino acid N Δ-acetylornithine was discovered in a targeted search for Arabidopsis thaliana metabolites that are strongly induced by the phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Stable isotope labeling experiments show that, after MeJA elicitation, Arg, Pro, and Glu are converted to Orn, which is acetylated by NATA1 to produce N Δ-acetylornithine. MeJA-induced N Δ-acetylornithine accumulation occurs in all tested Arabidopsis accessions, other Arabidopsis species, Capsella rubella, and Boechera stricta, but not in less closely related Brassicaceae. Both insect feeding and Pseudomonas syringae infection increase NATA1 expression and N Δ-acetylornithine accumulation. NATA1 transient expression in Nicotiana tabacum and the addition of N Δ-acetylornithine to an artificial diet both decrease Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) reproduction, suggesting a direct toxic or deterrent effect. However, since broad metabolic changes that are induced by MeJA in wild-type Arabidopsis are attenuated in a nata1 mutant strain, there may also be indirect effects on herbivores and pathogens. In the case of P. syringae, growth on a nata1 mutant is reduced compared with wild-type Arabidopsis, but growth in vitro is unaffected by N Δ-acetylornithine addition.
Mental preparation during pregnancy in women with substance addiction: a qualitative interview‐study
Authors: Söderström Kerstin 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe interplay between pregnancy and addiction is usually studied quantitatively, and the focus is often on the adverse effects of intrauterine substance exposure. This study explores the perspective of the mothers‐to‐be by examining the subjective experience of pregnancy in substance‐addicted women. Fourteen women in family treatment for substance use disorder participated in eight focus groups. The data were analysed according to interpretative phenomenological analysis. The findings show that recognition of pregnancy was distorted and delayed, and strong feelings of ambivalence and guilt persisted throughout pregnancy, along with hope for change. Addiction and an intense preoccupation with external expectations are seen as a threat to intrauterine attachment and mental preparation for the caregiving role. Interventions must take into account the specific ways in which addiction influences the psychological processes of pregnancy; specifically, providing adequate social support and security should be considered.
Trait‐mediated effects of predation across life‐history stages in container mosquitoes
Authors: COSTANZO KATIE S. , MUTURI EPHANTUS J. , ALTO BARRY W. 
Published: September 2011

1. It was determined if the predatory midgeCorethrella appendiculataGrabham imposes a fitness cost in a native mosquito,Ochlerotatus triseriatusSay, and an invasive mosquito,Aedes albopictusSkuse. The hypothesis that decreased activity of immature prey in the presence of predator cues is associated with life history costs through all life cycle stages was tested.2. In experiment 1, individual larvae ofO. triseriatusorA. albopictuswere raised in the presence or absence of predation cues at two resource levels. Prey were video recorded to detect behavioural responses and to measure development time, size at emergence, and adult longevity. In experiment 2, prey populations were reared in similar environments and the frequency of predator cue additions was varied.3. OnlyO. triseriatusreduced its activity in the presence of predation cues. Predation cues were associated with longer immature development times and shorter adult life spans inO. triseriatus,whereas inA. albopictus, the cues were associated with a larger size of emerging adults.4. In the present study, it was found that behavioural modifications during the larval stage can affect mosquitoes through multiple stages of their complex life cycle. The species‐specific behavioural differences are probably attributable to the longer evolutionary historyO. triseriatushas with predators, relative to the invasiveA. albopictus.
Community‐wide impact of an exotic aphid on introduced tall goldenrod
Authors: ANDO YOSHINO , UTSUMI SHUNSUKE , OHGUSHI TAKAYUKI 
Published: September 2011

1. The aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum Olive, which is specialised to the tall goldenrod, Solidago altissima L., in its native range, has become a dominant species on the introduced tall goldenrod in Japan. How this exotic aphid influenced arthropod communities on the introduced tall goldenrod in aphid‐present (spring) and aphid‐absent (autumn) seasons was examined, using an aphid removal experiment.2. In spring, aphid presence increased ant abundance because aphid honeydew attracted foraging ant workers. A significant negative correlation was found between the numbers of ants and herbivorous insects other than aphids on the aphid‐exposed plants, but no significant correlation was detected on the aphid‐free plants. Thus, the aphid presence was likely to decrease the abundance of co‐occurring herbivorous insects through removal behaviour of the aphid‐tending ants. There were no significant differences in plant traits between the aphid‐exposed and aphid‐free plants.3. In autumn, the numbers of lateral shoots and leaves, and the leaf nitrogen content were increased in response to the aphid infestation in spring. Because of the improvement of plant traits by aphid feeding, the abundance of leaf chewers increased on aphid‐exposed plants. In contrast, the abundance of sap feeders decreased on the aphid‐exposed plants. In particular, the dominant scale insect among sap feeders, Parasaissetia nigra Nietner, decreased, followed by a decrease in the abundance of ants attending P. nigra. Thus, aphid feeding may have attenuated the negative impacts of the tending ants on leaf chewers.4. Aphid presence did not change herbivore species richness but changed the relative density of dominant herbivores, resulting in community‐wide effects on co‐occurring herbivores through ant‐mediated indirect effects, and on temporally separated herbivores through plant‐ and ant‐mediated indirect effects. The aphid also altered predator community composition by increasing and decreasing the relative abundance of aphid‐tending ants in the spring and autumn, respectively.
Responses of insect herbivores to sharing a host plant with a hemiparasite: impacts on preference and performance differ with feeding guild
Authors: EWALD NAOMI C. , JOHN ELIZABETH A. , HARTLEY SUSAN E. 
Published: September 2011

1. Root hemiparasites are common components of many ecosystems and can affect both the biomass and the nutritional quality of the plants they infect. The consequences of these modifications for the preference and performance of three herbivore feeding guilds sharing a host with the hemi‐parasite were examined.2. It was predicted that as the hemiparasite increased in biomass its impact on the host would increase, as would the indirect impacts on the herbivores. It was also predicted that herbivores from different feeding guilds would respond differently to the presence of the hemiparasite, reflecting the extent to which they utilise resources disrupted by the parasite and hence are in competition with it.3. The preference and performance of phloem‐feeding aphids, xylem‐feeding spittle bugs, and leaf‐feeding grasshoppers were measured on the host grass species, Holcus lanatus L. (Poaceae), with and without attachment from the hemi‐parasite, Rhinanthus minor L. (Orobanchaceae).4. The effects of R. minor on the host were dependent on the hemiparasite's stage of growth, being most pronounced when it was at peak biomass. At this stage it caused a significant reduction in the biomass, water content, and total nitrogen content of the host plants.5. Overall, herbivores benefited from, or preferred, shared host plants more than uninfected plants. The aphid benefited from sharing a host with R. minor, showing increased population growth on, and preference for, parasitised plants. The spittle bug also showed a preference for parasitised plants. The grasshopper, Chorthippus brunneus Thunberg (Orthoptera: Acrididae), did not show a preference for, or a performance response to, parasitised hosts, but it consumed significantly more plant material when caged on parasitised plants.6. These data support the prediction that invertebrate herbivores responded to changes in host plant traits driven by the hemiparasite, and strongly suggest that these indirect interactions could impact on population and community processes within natural communities.
Oviposition preference ofLycaena salustiusfor, and larval performance on, a novel host plant: an example of ecological fitting
Authors: GILLESPIE MARK , WRATTEN STEVE D. 
Published: September 2011

1. ‘Ecological fitting’ is the process whereby the suites of traits an organism carries from previous evolutionary relationships are used to enable colonisation of novel environments or resources.2. The concept has much explanatory power in studies of novel host associations, particularly when data suggest a deviation from optimal foraging theory, but is often overlooked in studies of herbivore host selection behaviour in favour of evolutionary hypotheses.3. In the present study, the concept was used to explain the unusual host selection behaviour of the New Zealand endemic oligophagous butterflyLycaena salustiusFabricius, the larvae of which feed on endemic Polygonaceae species and the introduced and closely relatedFagopyrum esculentumMoench.4. In field cage oviposition choice assays involving only endemic plants, females preferred to oviposit on the rareMuehlenbeckia astoniiPetrie. However, the novel hostF. esculentumwas overwhelmingly preferred in an additional greenhouse assay. In larval no‐choice performance assays, fitness indicators were variable for the novel host.5. This imperfect relationship between oviposition preference and larval performance is discussed as a possible example of ecological fitting and highlights the potential use of the concept as an explanatory tool in novel host selection behaviour studies.
Can infection by eugregarine parasites mediate species coexistence in Calopteryx damselflies?
Authors: ILVONEN SINI , ILVONEN JAAKKO J. , KAUNISTO KARI M. , KRAMS INDRIKIS , SUHONEN JUKKA 
Published: September 2011

1. Parasitism may be an important factor determining the coexistence of closely related species. Although host–parasite interactions can affect the ecology and distribution of the host species, virtually nothing is known about how other interspecific interactions affecting the host, such as competition or predation, relate to the parasite burden of the host.2. We studied parasite‐mediated competition between two closely related Calopteryx damselflies, C. virgo L. and C. splendens Harris. We investigated a total of 31 populations, including 18 allopatric and 13 sympatric populations. We measured the occurrence of gut parasites, eugregarines.3. We found that the prevalence of gregarines was higher in C. virgo than in C. splendens. On average, more than half of the C. virgo individuals were infected by eugregarines both in allopatric and sympatric populations. However, hardly any allopatric C. splendens populations had gregarines, but most of sympatric populations had infected individuals.4. According to our results, co‐existence of the host species affects the likelihood of the subordinate species showing higher levels of parasitism. Interspecific aggression, lower species genetic heterozygosity, and the difference in host species immunity are proposed as possible explanations for greater parasite burdens in the inferior species at sympatric sites.
Bacterial symbionts as mediators of ecologically important traits of insect hosts
Authors: FELDHAAR HEIKE 
Published: September 2011

1. Bacterial symbionts play a prominent role in insect nutritional ecology by aiding in digestion of food or providing nutrients that are limited or lacking in the diet. Thereby, endosymbionts open niches to their insect host that would otherwise be unavailable.2. Currently, several other ecologically relevant traits mediated by endosymbionts are being investigated, including enhanced parasite resistance, enhanced heat tolerance, and influences on insect–plant interactions such as manipulation of plant physiology to the benefit of the insect.3. Traits mediated by endosymbionts are often identified by correlative studies where traits are found to be altered in the presence of a particular symbiont. Recent developments in genomic tools offer the opportunity for studying the impact of bacteria–insect symbioses under natural conditions in a population and community ecology context. In vivo experiments specifically testing putative functions of endosymbionts in parallel to population‐level studies on the prevalence of endosymbionts allow disentangling host versus symbiont contribution to phenotypic variability observed in individuals. Effects of symbionts on host phenotype are often large and relevant to host fitness, e.g. by significantly enhancing survival or fecundity in a context‐dependent manner.4. Predominantly vertically transmitted endosymbionts contribute to the heritable genetic variation present in a host species. Phenotypic variation on which selection can act may be due to differences either among host genomes, symbiont genomes, or genotype × genotype interactions. Therefore the holobiont, i.e. the host including all symbionts, should be regarded as the unit of selection as the association between host and symbionts may affect the fitness of the holobiont depending on the environment.
Digitising the R&D social network: revisiting the technological gatekeeper
Authors: Whelan Eoin , Golden Willie , Donnellan Brian 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis paper examines how the digitisation of the social network, and the resulting interplay between its online and offline components, has impacted the role of the technological gatekeeper in research and development (R&D) settings. Previous studies have firmly established the technological gatekeeper to be a key node in the innovation process – acquiring, translating and disseminating novel information throughout the R&D social network. Drawing on social network analysis and interview evidence from a software R&D group, we find that the gatekeeper role has undergone a division of labour. Theoretically, we contribute to the body of knowledge by developing an updated technological gatekeeper conceptual framework. For practitioners, we identify the competencies exhibited by the small number of communication specialists who are largely responsible for diffusing novel information. We then advise practitioners how to maximise the contribution of these ‘stars’ to the information flow network.
Ultrasound‐assisted extraction of corn carotenoids in ethanol
Authors: Ye Jun , Feng Lingling , Xiong Jian , Xiong Yedan 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe effect of ultrasonic‐assisted extraction of carotenoids from corn with a 1:6 ratio of maize meal to ethanol (g g−1) was studied, and the extractive structure was analysed by FTIR. The results showed that at 12 min, the extraction concentration of carotenoids with ultrasound assistance was 3.6 times higher than that without ultrasound assistance. And the concentration of carotenoids obtained from using ultrasound assistance for 30 min was much higher than highest concentration of carotenoids obtained through magnetic stirring in 300 min. After studying multiple variables, the extraction concentration of carotenoids was higher using 700–900 W power, in 20 kHz frequency and at 38–40 °C than that in other conditions. The activation energy of the extraction process was 44.61 KJ mol−1. In addition, to achieve the best efficiency, the horn had to be placed deeper at the beginning of extraction and then raised at the 12 min point to 4.70 cm from the bottom of the beaker. By using FTIR analysis, we concluded that the structures of the corn carotenoids were not destroyed by ultrasound assistance.
Promoting patient care: work engagement as a mediator between ward service climate and patient‐centred care
Authors: Abdelhadi Nasra , Drach‐Zahavy Anat 
Published: September 2011

ABDELHADI N. & DRACH‐ZAHAVY A. (2012) Promoting patient care: work engagement as a mediator between ward service climate and patient‐centred care. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(6), 1276–1287.AbstractAims.  To test a model that suggests the ward’s climate of service facilitates nurses’ patient‐centred care behaviours through its effect on nurses’ work engagement.Background.  Organizational efforts to promote patient‐centred care focused on interventions aimed to improve nurses’ communication skills, or to improve patient’s participation in the decision‐making process. These interventions have been only partially successful, as they do not take the ward context into account; so caring professionals who attend workshops can rarely apply their newly acquired skills due to the daily pressures of the ward.Method.  A nested cross‐sectional research design (nursing staff within wards) was adopted, with three measures of the care behaviour of nurses. Data were collected in 2009, from 158 nurses working in 40 wards of retirement homes in northern Israel. Nurses’ work engagement, ward’s climate for service and control variables were measured via validated questionnaires. Patient‐centred care behaviours were assessed by structured observations.Results.  The findings supported our model: service climate proved a link to nurses’ work engagement and patient‐centred care behaviours. Nurses’ work engagement mediated the service‐climate patient‐centred care behaviours.Conclusion.  The research is pioneering in demonstrating a close relation between ward service climate and patient‐centred care. In practice, to improve patient‐centred care managers should invest in facilitating ward service climate, highlighting the importance of service to the organization through appropriate rewards, guidance and administrative practices.
Electronic health record adoption and health information exchange among hospitals in New York State
Authors: Abramson Erika L. , McGinnis Sandra , Edwards Alison , Maniccia Dayna M. , Moore Jean , Kaushal Rainu ,   with the HITEC investigators
Published: September 2011

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Unprecedented national and state initiatives are underway to promote adoption and meaningful use of electronic health records (EHRs) with health information exchange (HIE). New York State leads the nation in state initiatives and is conducting ongoing surveillance of its investments. Lessons learned from studying states like New York can inform federal policies and will be essential to evaluate the effectiveness of these initiatives. We undertook this first in a series of planned surveys to assess EHR adoption and HIE activities by New York State hospitals.MethodsBetween May and December 2009, we surveyed all New York State hospitals to determine rates of EHR adoption, participation in HIE and implementation of functionalities associated with nine core meaningful use criteria.Results  We received responses from 148 (72.2%) of 205 hospitals surveyed and found that 23 (15.5%) had adopted an EHR and 29 (23.2%) were participating in HIE. Two hospitals (1.4%) reported full implementation of the meaningful use functionalities surveyed. Public hospitals were ahead of private hospitals and notable regional differences were found.Discussion  EHR adoption rates and participation in HIE are higher among New York hospitals than hospitals nationwide, suggesting that state initiatives funding community EHR implementation may influence these efforts by hospitals. However, overall rates of adoption and preparedness to meet meaningful use remain low. Direct support for hospitals, such as that provided through the national EHR Incentive Program, will likely be critical for rates of EHR adoption and HIE to significantly rise, even in advanced states.
Patterns of osteoporosis treatment change and treatment discontinuation among commercial and Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug members in a national health plan
Authors: Xu Yihua , Viswanathan Hema N. , Ward Melea A. , Clay Brad , Adams John L. , Stolshek Bradley S. , Kallich Joel D. , Fine Shari , Saag Kenneth G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Multiple treatments are available for osteoporosis; however, little is known about treatment change patterns and associated factors. Osteoporosis treatment change patterns, discontinuation and factors associated with treatment change in members of a large national health plan were examined.Methods  A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 7315 commercial and 34 146 Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug (MAPD) members newly initiated on an osteoporosis medication between 2006 and 2008. Osteoporosis treatment change, discontinuation and re‐initiation patterns were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with treatment change. Commercial and MAPD members were assessed separately because of differences in demographics and insurance benefits.Results  Approximately 12% of members had a change in index therapy within 12 months. Almost 60% of members discontinued the index medication at least once, based on a 90‐day refill gap. Over 40% of members discontinued all osteoporosis medications by the end of 12 months post‐index. Among MAPD and commercial members, women and those with risedronate, ibandronate or calcitonin at index, index therapy in 2008 and an osteoporosis diagnosis were more likely to have a treatment change while members with health plans other than health maintenance organizations and generic alendronate at index were less likely to have a treatment change.Conclusions  Osteoporosis treatment change occurred in approximately 12% of members, while a greater proportion of members discontinued treatment completely within 12 months. Member characteristics may be used to predict therapy change for evaluation and quality initiatives within a health plan.