bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentially Expressed Proteins between Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adjacent Normal Esophageal Tissue
Authors: Xiong Gang , Huang Zhi-yong , Cai Kai-chan , Cai Ruijing , Zhang Jun , Wang Wu-jun 
Published: November 2011

Differentially Expressed Proteins between Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adjacent Normal Esophageal Tissue
Proteomics was employed to identify the differentially expressed proteins between esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adjacent normal esophageal tissues. ESCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were obtained from 10 patients with ESCC and the proteins were extracted and subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The differentially expressed proteins were identified after image analysis, and matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was used to confirm these proteins. Immunohistochemistry was then performed to detect the expressions of HSP27 and ANX1 in ESCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. A total of 6 differentially expressed proteins were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting, among which SCCA1, KRT4 and ANX1 were down-regulated and TIM1, MnSOD and HSP27 up-regulated in the ESCC. Immunohistochemistry showed HSP27 was highly expressed in the ESCC which, however, had a low expression of ANX1. These findings were consistent with those in proteomics. There were differentially expressed proteins between ESCC and adjacent normal tissues. The investigation of differentially expressed proteins between ESCC and normal esophageal tissue may provide evidence for the molecular pathogenesis of ESCC.
First Brazilian Real Time Network DGPS through the Internet: Development, Application and Availability Analyses
Authors: Alves D. , Dalbelo L. , Monico J. , Shimabukuro M. 
Published: November 2011

First Brazilian Real Time Network DGPS through the Internet: Development, Application and Availability AnalysesThe Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely used by the civil community. Differential GPS (DGPS) was developed to provide better accuracy than autonomous GPS. The DGPS concept is based on the high correlation of errors due to atmospheric effects, satellite clocks and orbits. However, as the baseline grows, its efficiency decreases because the error correlation is reduced. This limitation can be handled by using a reference station network and applying the network DGPS concept (called NDGPS). In this paper, the goal is to present aspects related to the development and application of NDGPS in real time at the São Paulo state network in Brazil. The NDGPS corrections were computed from data received via the Internet using NTRIP (Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol). Our implementation was based on BNC (BKG Ntrip Client) software. NDGPS provided RMS improvements of up to 59% in horizontal components and 31% in vertical components when compared to DGPS. The availability of the system, the first of this nature in Brazil, was also analyzed within the context of the SP State GNSS Network, located in the southeastern region of Brazil. The results also serve as an indication of the quality of local internet infrastructure for using in geodetic positioning.
Bias and No Free Lunch in Formal Measures of Intelligence
Authors: Hibbard Bill 
Published: November 2011

Bias and No Free Lunch in Formal Measures of IntelligenceThis paper shows that a constraint on universal Turing machines is necessary for Legg's and Hutter's formal measure of intelligence to be unbiased. Their measure, defined in terms of Turing machines, is adapted to finite state machines. A No Free Lunch result is proved for the finite version of the measure.
"Initium ut esset, creatus est homo": Iris Murdoch on Authority and Creativity
Authors: Altorf Marije 
Published: November 2011

In 1970 the British novelist and philosopher Iris Murdoch published both her thirteenth novel, A Fairly Honourable Defeat, and her best known work of philosophy, The Sovereignty of Good. Given the proximity of these publication dates, it does not surprise that there are many points of comparison between these two works. The novel features, for instance, a character writing a work of moral philosophy not unlike Murdoch's own The Sovereignty of Good, while another character exemplifies her moral philosophy in his life.
This article proposes a reading of the novel as a critical commentary on the philosophical work, focusing on the tension between creation and authority. While Murdoch considers humans to be first and foremost creative, she is at the same time wary of the misleading nature of any act of creation. For Murdoch, any creator and any creation—a beautiful picture as well as a watertight theory—may transmit a certain authority, and that authority may get in the way of acknowledging reality. It thus hinders the moral life, which for Murdoch should be thought of as a life of attention—to reality and ultimately to the Good—rather than a series of wilful creations and actions.
A Fairly Honourable Defeat queries the possibility and danger of creation, through different characters as well as through images of cleanliness and messiness. Thus, the character whose book of moral philosophy is challenged and who is found wanting when putting his ideas to practice, likes ‘to get things clear’ (176). Another character, whose interferences create the novel's drama, has a self-confessed ‘passion for cleanliness and order’ (426). The saint of the story, in contrast, does not interfere unless by necessity, and resides in one of the filthiest kitchens in the history of literature. Yet, none of the main characters exemplifies a solution to the tension between creation and authority found in Murdoch's philosophy. An indication of a solution is found in a minor character, and in his creations of outrageous bunches of flowers, unusual meals, and absurd interiors. Yet, its location in a subplot suggests that this solution is not in any way final. It is concluded that any final solution should not be expected, not in the least because of the pervasive nature of the tension between creation and authority, which goes well beyond Murdoch's own authorship.
Reviews and Interviews / Contributors
Authors: Salska Agnieszka , Profozich Richard , Kość Grzegorz , Podemska-Abt Teresa , Thomas Jared , Jasper Alison , Anderson Pamela 
Published: November 2011

Tributes to Professor Andrzej Kopcewicz - Agnieszka Salska
New Media Effects on Traditional News Sources: A Review of the State of American Newspapers - Richard Profozich
Review of The Body, ed. by Ilona Dobosiewicz and Jacek Gutorow - Grzegorz Kość
“Taste good iny?”: Images of and from Australian Indigenous Literature - Jared Thomas Speaks with Teresa Podemska-Abt
Engaging the “Forbidden Texts” of Philosophy - Pamela Sue Anderson Talks to Alison Jasper
Deux destins séparés ?
Authors: Dollé-Monglond Brigitte 
Published: November 2011

Cette perspective thématique engage une pluralité de directions de pensée qu’il convient tout d’abord d’identifier : les Mères, au pluriel, se déclinent en majuscule où transparaît la toute-puissance archaïque. Tel est ici mon propos d’introduire certains axes : je distinguerai cette coexistence éminemment sous tension du être mère et être femme , cette problématique inscrite au sein d’une transmission reposant sur des éléments de nature hétérogène (fantasmatique et mythique, individuel et collectif), l’hypothèse d’une dualité à l’œuvre qui renvoie à une ambivalence originaire ou à un au-delà de l’ambivalence qui signe sa défaite et interroge sur la pulsion de destruction.
Complete Health: Prevalence and Predictors among U.S. Adults in 1995
Authors: Keyes Corey L. M. , Grzywacz Joseph G. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To operationalize, estimate the prevalence, and ascertain the epidemiology of complete health. Design. Cross-sectional analyses of self-reported survey data collected via a telephone interview and a self-administered questionnaire. Setting. Households in the 48 contiguous states in the United States in 1995. Subjects. Random-digit dialing sample of 3032 adults between the ages of 25 and 74, with a response rate of 61%. Measures. Physical illness and health were measured with a total of 37 items—a checklist of 29 chronic health conditions, a six-item scale of limitations of daily living, and a single item for perceived current health and for perceived 5-year change in energy. Mental illness and health were measured with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form diagnostic scale of major depression, panic, and generalized anxiety disorders and three established multi-item scales of subjective well-being (emotional, psychological, and social well-being). Completely healthy adults have high levels of physical and mental health and low levels of physical and mental illnesses; completely unhealthy adults have high levels of physical and mental illnesses and low levels of physical and mental health. Incompletely healthy adults consisted of two groups: one group is physically healthy (high physical health and low physical illness) and mentally unhealthy, and the second group is mentally healthy (high mental health and low mental illness) and physically unhealthy. Results. Nineteen percent of adults were completely healthy, 18.8% were completely unhealthy, and 62.2% had a version of incomplete health. Compared with completely unhealthy adults, completely healthy adults are likely to be young (25–34 years of age) or old (55–64 and 65–74 years), are married, are male, are college educated, and have higher household incomes. Conclusions. Operationalizing complete health highlights objectives for increasing the prevalence of complete health, and reducing the prevalence of complete ill-health and incomplete health.
Tobacco Use Patterns and Attitudes among Teens Being Seen for Routine Primary Care
Authors: Hollis Jack F. , Polen Michael R. , Lichtenstein Edward , Whitlock Evelyn P. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To describe the tobacco-related attitudes, behaviors, and needs of smoking and nonsmoking teens being seen for routine pediatric care and to identify predictors of tobacco use. Design. Cross-sectional survey of adolescent primary care patients who completed self-administered questionnaires in medical office waiting rooms while waiting for routine care visits. Setting. A group-practice HMO in the Pacific Northwest. Subjects. A sample of 2526 teenagers, ages 14 to 17, who consented to receive health promotion interventions as a part of a randomized trial in seven pediatric and family practice offices. Measures. A 38-item questionnaire assessed tobacco use history, attitudes, quit attempts, and stage of acquisition or cessation along with gender, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, educational plans, frequency of exercise, attempts to lose weight, and depressed mood. Results. Sixty-seven percent of teens approached (2526 of 3747) consented to complete a questionnaire and receive tobacco- or diet-related interventions as a part of their medical visit. About 23% of teen patients reported smoking at least one cigarette in the last month, although only 14% described themselves as current “smokers.” Most current smokers (84%) smoked at least 20 days in the last month. Logistic regression predictors of smoking included older age, Native American ethnicity, lower educational aspirations, lower body mass index, smoking among half or more friends, smokers at home, and a positive depression screen. Among ever-regular smokers, most were in the action (28%), preparation (21%), or contemplation (22%) readiness to quit smoking stages, and 77% of current smokers had made one or more serious quit attempts in the last year. Conclusions. Most teens in these medical facilities consented to receive tobacco and diet interventions, and most self-described current smokers were contemplating or preparing to quit. Medical visits provide attractive opportunities for tobacco intervention, but messages should be tailored based on the patient's tobacco status and stage of acquisition or cessation.
Depression, Functional Status, Treatment for Psychiatric Problems, and the Health-Related Practices of Elderly HMO Members
Authors: Green Carla A. , Polen Michael R. , Brody Kathleen K. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To study relationships between depression, functional limitations, psychiatric treatment, and the health-related practices of elderly individuals. Design. Cross-sectional, observational study based on survey data (response rate = 90%) analyzed using multiple linear and logistic regression models. Setting. Kaiser Permanente Northwest, a large nonprofit HMO. Subjects. Medicare members (4615) aged 65–103 years who responded to a health status survey. Measures. Depression, health and functional status, frequency of alcohol consumption, smoking status, advance medical directive completion, influenza or pneumonia vaccinations, mammograms, recent psychiatric treatment, and attempts to lose weight or increase exercise. Results. Self-reported depression was related to a greater risk of smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.54). Health-related functional limitations were related to fewer attempts to change health behaviors and less preventive service use (significant ORs ranged from 0.84 to 0.94). Minority group membership and Supplemental Security Income were negatively associated with better health practices and with completing advance medical directives (ORs 0.41 and 0.79, respectively). Falls in the prior year, more prescription medications, and psychiatric treatment were positively associated with better health practices (significant ORs ranged from 1.12 to 1.88). Conclusions. Depression and smoking are associated among elderly individuals, as are psychiatric treatment and attempts to lose weight. Those with functional limitations, minority status, or Supplemental Security Income use fewer preventive services; the latter two groups are less likely to complete advance medical directives. Older adults with these characteristics might need assistance in improving health-related practices.
Increasing the Report of Alcohol Use among Low-Income Pregnant Women
Authors: Whaley Shannon E. , O'Connor Mary J. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To increase the report of prenatal alcohol use in a community setting. Methods. A self-administered alcohol screening tool was developed and introduced at 12 randomly selected sites that administer the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). A matched sample of 12 WIC sites continued to use the existing verbal standard of care for assessing alcohol use. Results. Rates of reported prenatal alcohol consumption at the 12 WIC intervention sites were compared with rates at 12 control WIC sites using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent-samples t-tests. Within 8 months of study commencement, rates of reported prenatal alcohol consumption were significantly higher at the intervention sites than at the control sites. Discussion. Use of a brief, self-administered screening tool in the WIC setting significantly increased reports of prenatal alcohol use, a key first step in the reduction of prenatal alcohol use. The WIC setting represents an excellent place to address the significant public health issue of prenatal alcohol exposure.
Reliability and Validity of Two Instruments Designed to Assess the Walking and Bicycling Suitability of Sidewalks and Roads
Authors: Emery James , Crump Carolyn , Bors Philip 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Public health professionals hypothesize that when community environments provide suitable walking and bicycling conditions, community members will be more active. Measurement indicators and assessment instruments are needed to evaluate suitability. This study determined the reliability and validity of two instruments to assess the suitability of sidewalks for walking and roads for bicycling. Methods. Two data collectors used walking and bicycling suitability assessment instruments to collect data on 31 road segments. In addition, three transportation experts used a 7-point Likert response system to subjectively evaluate walking and bicycling conditions for the same segments. Intraclass correlations determined the reliability of each assessment instrument and the reliability of the Likert response system. Pearson correlations (research staff assessments with expert assessments) were calculated to determine the criterion-related validity of the suitability measures. Results. Intercoder reliability (intraclass) correlations for the walking and bicycling assessment instruments were r = .79 and .90, respectively. Intercoder reliability of the experts' Likert response system was r = .73 for the walking form and r = .77 for the bicycling form. Criterion-related validity (Pearson) correlations for the walking and bicycling assessment instruments were r = .58 and .62, respectively. Conclusion. Although some variables have lower reliability and validity than is ideal, the walking and bicycling suitability assessment instruments appear promising as instruments for community members and professionals to systematically assess key aspects of the physical environment.
Relationship between Urban Sprawl and Physical Activity, Obesity, and Morbidity
Authors: Ewing Reid , Schmid Tom , Killingsworth Richard , Zlot Amy , Raudenbush Stephen 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To determine the relationship between urban sprawl, health, and health-related behaviors. Design. Cross-sectional analysis using hierarchical modeling to relate characteristics of individuals and places to levels of physical activity, obesity, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. Setting. U.S. counties (448) and metropolitan areas (83). Subjects. Adults (n = 206,992) from pooled 1998, 1999, and 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Measures. Sprawl indices, derived with principal components analysis from census and other data, served as independent variables. Self-reported behavior and health status from BRFSS served as dependent variables. Results. After controlling for demographic and behavioral covariates, the county sprawl index had small but significant associations with minutes walked ( p = .004), obesity ( p < .001), BMI ( p = .005), and hypertension ( p = .018). Residents of sprawling counties were likely to walk less during leisure time, weigh more, and have greater prevalence of hypertension than residents of compact counties. At the metropolitan level, sprawl was similarly associated with minutes walked ( p = .04) but not with the other variables. Conclusion. This ecologic study reveals that urban form could be significantly associated with some forms of physical activity and some health outcomes. More research is needed to refine measures of urban form, improve measures of physical activity, and control for other individual and environmental influences on physical activity, obesity, and related health outcomes.
4 - Repenser le concept de développement : des impasses d’un processus de standardisation des sociétés à l’émergence d’un sens historique et culturel
Authors: Bend Pauline 
Published: November 2011

Tel qu’il s’impose à l’Afrique, le développement traduit une dynamique fort ancienne d’intégration du continent dans la communauté-monde, avec pour objectif d’introduire dans les sociétés de cet espace les valeurs du progrès caractéristiques de la philosophie occidentale. Cet article propose une critique de ce qui est en fin de compte une tentative de standardisation des sociétés sur la base d’un modèle géographiquement et historiquement situé. Aussi procéde- rons-nous à un examen des principaux courants de pensée qui agitent le champ du développement. Avec les difficultés rencontrées par les sociétés d’expéri- mentation du développement, c’est ce concept même qui est interrogé. La stan- dardisation qu’il exprime est-elle possible ? N’est-il pas alors nécessaire de re- définir le développement en lui redonnant son sens par rapport au contexte dans lequel les communautés humaines sont amenées à l’expérimenter ? Et formuler une alternative, qui s’appuierait sur le préalable d’un projet de société fédéra- teur ? Il s’agirait en définitive d’une reconquête de l’universalité, qui n’est pas application des mêmes outils de développement à l’ensemble des sociétés, mais expression du sens qui anime toutes les sociétés humaines quelles qu’elles soient, celui de penser leur devenir, de proposer des solutions aux problèmes qui se posent à elles, en donnant vie à un projet de société, par la mise en oeuvre de politiques publiques pertinentes.
6 - Scolarisation – Travail et Genre en Algérie
Authors: Houria Sadou 
Published: November 2011

Les trois volets retenus dans cette communication, scolarisation, travail, et genre en Algérie, tente à répondre à quelques réflexions sur les données statistiques, et le vécu des femmes en Algérie. Généralement les données statistiques con- stituent des indicateurs d’évolution, se rapportant à la scolarisation des enfants en Algérie on remarque que la démocratisation de l’éducation a abouti à une participation progressive de plus en plus importante dans l’enseignement moyen, secondaire et enfin à l’université. Aussi de très nombreuses études révèlent que les filles ont en moyenne, des performances scolaires supérieures à celles des garçons, du fait que la scolarité représente pour elles la seule possibilité d’ouverture sur le monde extérieur surtout pour le travail. Cette perspective se représenterait comme une opportunité d’échapper à l’enfermement familial et au-delà à la condition féminine. On outre le travail des femmes en Algérie reste très marginal. Moins d’un million de femmes exerce une activité salariée sur une population estimée à 14,5 million. Aussi l’emploi féminin reste lié à leur situation matrimoniale. Il est surtout encouragé dans les secteurs de l’éducation, la santé et dans les services publics, profilant ainsi les bases de la division par sexe du travail. On a conclu par cette communication que même si les données statistiques constituent des indicateurs d’évolution, elles ne sauraient mettre en évidence des processus de différenciation sexe significatifs de discrimination. D’où l’intérêt qu’il ya à saisir comment filles et garçons occupent l’espace scolaire et l’espace du travail. Comment dans cette espace se structurent les rapports de pouvoir entre filles et garçons. Comment la position qu’occupent ces deux groupes influe sur les identités sexuées.
5 - (Re)produire, marquer et (s’)approprier des « lieux (publics) de ville » par les mots ou comment les murs (dé)font les langues à Dschang
Authors: Tsofack Jean-Benoît 
Published: November 2011

Dans cette contribution, nous voulons interroger ce « désordre » linguistique dans une ville camerounaise marquée comme on le sait du sceau du plurilinguisme. Autrement dit, il est question de voir comment les murs (enseignes murales ou publiciaires) y font les langues, c’est- à-dire, construisent des pratiques linguistiques hétérogènes, mais aussi comment ces mêmes murs défont les langues, les modifient de manière
« inconsciente et permanente », ou, à contrario, comment les langues font ou défont les murs. On est donc ainsi amené à constater que l’espace public est aussi un « espace discursif » et le lieu même du
« désordre » linguistique où ce qui est important, ce n’est pas ce que les gens parlent ou écrivent, mais comment ils parlent et écrivent, communiquent « dans ce désordre, ou malgré ce désordre, voire même grâce à ce désordre », comment les langues ont « mise en scène » et s’affichent publiquement.
Nous partons de l’observation indirecte des pratiques linguistiques faite sur un corpus non sollicité d’énoncés publicitaires (toponymes, enseignes diverses) recueillis lors d’une enquête de terrain menée en 2007 dans la ville de Dschang. Cette méthodologie relève dans l’ensemble, de l’Analyse du Discours telle que l’ont pensée Bulot et Veschambre (2006b), c’est-à-dire, une analyse du « rocès d’appropriation de l’espace », de son « marquage » langagier.