Abstract 301: Galectin-1 modulates PI3 kinase activity
Authors: Perry James , Chakravarti Arnab , Lautenschlaeger Tim 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The purpose of these experiments was to study the role that Galectin-1 (GAL1) has in Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. GAL1 protein levels have been identified to be significantly upregulated in gliomas. GAL1 levels have also been closely associated with patient survival. The PI3K enzyme converts phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 serves as a membrane anchor leading to the activation of AKT. PI3K/AKT signaling is important in cancer cell biology because induction of this pathway is associated with increased cell survival, cell cycle progression, and growth.
A PIP3 Mass ELISA was performed on cell lysates isolated from wild type (WT) and GAL1 knockdown cells with and without Inslulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) stimulation. Briefly, cells were stimulated with 5mM IGF1 followed by cell lysis. Lysates were compared by ELISA for PIP3 levels. Following this an in vitro PI3K assay was done. This assay is designed to measure the activity of a purified PI3K enzyme by detecting PIP2 to PIP3 conversion. Enzyme was incubated with Gal1 alone, LY294002 PI3K inhibitor, or with both Gal1 and the inhibitor. Controls included enzyme only, enzyme with inhibitor, no enzyme, and no substrate. In order to investigate whether a physical interaction was occurring between Gal1 and PI3K, Co-IP experiments were performed. These experiments involved isolation of cell lysates from WT LN229 cells and GAL1 knockdown LN229 cells. Following pulldown, Co-IP's were run on an SDS-PAGE gel, transferred to blots, and probed for GAL1 and p85 α or β.
Previous experiments demonstrated a possible role for GAL1 in PI3K signaling and AKT activation. In the PIP3 mass ELISA experiment, WT cells demonstrated elevated cellular PIP3 levels in response to IGF1 stimulation, as expected. GAL1 knockdown cells did not show any increase in PIP3 levels in response to stimulation. We next examined if GAL1 was having a direct effect on PI3K activity. In vitro PI3K reactions showed a specific upregulation of PI3K activity in response to addition of GAL1. In response to 1000-fold changes in GAL1 concentration there was an approximate 2-fold increase in PI3K (p85α/p110α) activity. GAL1 also demonstrated an ability to overcome LY294002 inhibition of the enzyme. Enzyme incubated with both inhibitor and 5uM GAL1 showed 4 times the conversion as compared to enzyme with inhibitor alone. Interaction studies indicate that there is not a physical interaction between GAL1 and either p85 α or β. Future studies characterizing the role of GAL1 in PI3K signaling include repeating the PI3K assay with other PI3K class I isoforms to examine differences. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) experiments will also be performed to further test for a physical interaction between PI3K and GAL1. In conclusion GAL1 has demonstrated an ability to effect PI3K activity, and thereby PI3K signaling. However, a physical interaction between GAL1 and PI3K was not observed.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 301.