bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Solution of Thin‐walled Tube Bending Springback with Exponential Hardening Law
Authors: E Daxin , Chen Minfeng 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe process of manufacturing thin‐walled tubes which show exponential hardening is investigated. The analysis is based on the feedback analysis of bending springback tests. The springback angle is calculated using a formula which is derived from numerical methods. The experiments and finite element calculations prove that the formula agrees well with the test results. However, for tubes with strong hardening characteristics, certain discrepancies exist. The springback angle increases linearly with the ratio of plastic and elastic modulus, and decreases nonlinearly with increasing hardening index. The larger the ratio of plastic and elastic modulus, the greater the amount of reduction as the hardening index increases. The amount of increment in the springback angle incurred by the increase of the normalized bending radius is greater for smaller hardening index values. For thin‐walled tubes, after unloading, the elastic component takes a higher percentage in the total deformation as the relative wall thickness increases, causing the springback angle to increase slightly. However, when the growth rate of the cross section inertia moment is greater than that of the proportion of elastic deformation, the springback angle tends to decrease slightly as the normalized wall thickness increases. The formula will be applied to promote the technical development in springback prediction, control and compensation.
New Algorithms for Thermo‐mechanical FE‐Simulation of Quasi‐periodic Processes
Authors: Groche P. , Abrass A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWith the aid of the finite element method, a lot of mechanical and thermal phenomena in forming processes can be analysed successfully. However, for industrial purposes the necessary computational time for complex processes is often not acceptable. Many researches have attempted to reduce the computational time which is needed to find a solution. In this paper, new algorithms are described which make use of the existing similarity in some forming processes, especially incremental forming process. Incremental forming processes are characterised by very small deformation zones and approximate self similarity. The described algorithms are based on the transformation and interpolation of already computed solutions. The results from transformation and interpolation are verified by means of some physical constraints. If the results pass the latter check, they will be archived as solution. Consequently, at this time step, no iterative computation will be accomplished by the mechanical solver. Then the calculations by the thermo solver are accomplished conventionally in dependence on the archived mechanical results. With the help of these algorithms, the number of iterations will obviously be reduced and the results will be reasonably acceptable.In this paper, all details are described and two forming processes as validation occur to depict the advantages of this method.
A Study of Surface Reactions on Steel Samples Using a Mass Spectrometer Probe
Authors: Falk Heinz , Falk Martin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study presents a new probe to analyse the gas composition near a metal surface. The probe uses a mass spectrometric detector and is incorporated in an experimental reactor for the thermal treatment and surface formation of steel sheet samples. Steel samples were exposed to various oxidizing and reducing gas flows at pressures between ambient and 3 bar. The reaction product H2O was measured with the MS‐probe while reducing oxidized steel surfaces with H2as well as the consumption of H2as a function of the sample temperature. Similarly, the reaction products CO and H2were monitored during the oxidation of the bulk carbon with H2O. The sample temperature was ramped linearly from ambient to 900 °C. From these measurements it was possible to evaluate the onset temperatures and the activation energies for the respective reactions. The in‐situ monitoring of the gas phase near the steel surface within the experimental reactor allows controlling the formation of a layer of iron as a result of the iron oxide reduction. Similarly, the decarburization of steel can be followed up by measuring the time course of the CO concentration. It is expected that the MS‐probe will become an efficient tool for the understanding and optimization of the annealing and formation processes during strip annealing before hot dipping.
Technologie von kompakten Excimerlasern
Authors: Görtler Andreas , Strowitzki Claus F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractExcimerlaser sind gepulste Gaslaser, die abhängig von den verwendeten Gasen auf diskreten Linien im UV‐ und VUV‐Bereich des elektromagnetischen Spektrums emittieren, bei Wellenlängen zwischen 355 nm und 157 nm. Die Pulslänge der emittierten Laserstrahlung beträgt 5 – 20 ns. Kompakte Excimerlaser haben Einzelpulsenergien von typisch 10 mJ bei Repetitionsraten bis zu 1 kHz. Große Industrielaser erreichen bis 1 J, jedoch bei Repetitionsraten von nur einigen hundert Hz. Die Erzeugung der Laseremission erfolgt durch eine elektrische Entladung im Hochdruckgas, einer Mischung aus Edelgasen und Halogenen. Durch den Einsatz der Halogene Fluor oder Chlor ergeben sich spezielle Anforderungen an die verwendeten Werkstoffe und die Vermeidung von Kontaminationen beim Aufbau und Betrieb der Lasersysteme. Die modernste Generation derartiger Lasersysteme ist komplett metallisch gedichtet und hat entsprechend oberflächenveredelte Bauteile, die dem korrosiven Lasergas ausgesetzt sind. Dadurch ist es im vergangenen Jahrzehnt gelungen, die Lebensdauer der Laserröhre von einigen hundert Millionen Laserpulsen auf mehr als 10 Milliarden zu steigern. Hauptanwendungen kompakter Excimerlaser sind die Augenheilkunde, die Korrektur der Sehschärfe (LASIK), und die optische Messtechnik. Große Excimerlaser finden sich in industriellen Anwendungen zur Oberflächenmodifikation und in der Halbleiterindustrie in Wafersteppern zur Herstellung von hochintegrierten Prozessoren und Speicherchips.
Perspektiven der Plasmamedizin
Authors: Kramer Axel , Assadian Ojan , Below H. , Bender Claudia , Hammann Aylin , Hartmann Bernd , Hübner Nils‐Olaf , Kocher Thomas , Lademann Jürgen , Matthes Rutger , Koban Ina , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAuf der Grundlage des aktuellen Wissenstands zu den physikalischen Eigenschaften und den biologischen Wirkungen von Gewebekompatiblen Atmosphärendruckplasmen (Tissue Tolerable Plasma, TTP) werden die Perspektiven der Plasmamedizin diskutiert. Für folgende Möglichkeiten der medizinischen Anwendung von TTP werden derzeit die Grundlagen in interdisziplinärer Forschung erarbeitet: Prävention und/oder Therapie von Erkrankungen mit den Schwerpunkten chronische Wunden, infektiöse Haut– und Schleimhauterkrankungen, lokalisierte Tumoren, GewebeabtragungHemmung und/oder Elimination von Biofilmen: Verhinderung der Biofilmentwicklung auf in den Menschen eingebrachte Materialien durch Oberflächenbehandlung und/oder plasmagesteuerte Auftragung antimikrobiell wirksamer Schichten mit der Funktion eines „Drug Delivery Systems”︁ (Implantate, Kontaktlinse, Stents usw.) sowie Bekämpfung von Biofilmen auf der Körperoberfläche (chronische Wunde, Zahnoberfläche, Prothese)Förderung der Penetration topisch applizierter Arzneimittel mit verbessertem TherapieergebnisEinsatz für veterinärmedizinische IndikationenVerbesserte Reinigungsleistung im Aufbereitungsprozess von Medizinprodukten durch Oberflächenveränderung.
Two systems of reasoning: architecture and relation to emotion
Authors: Darlow Adam L. , Sloman Steven A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDistinguishing cognitive systems that support intuition and deliberation has proven necessary to explain how people reason,1,2decide,3categorize,4form attitudes,5make confidence6and moral7judgments, and prioritize goals.8Both behavioral and neuroimaging evidence show that the evidence supports similar distinctions in each field. Deliberative processing enlists working memory, and intuitive processing depends more directly on long‐term memory retrieval. One of the key unanswered questions concerns how the systems interact. The data suggest that one of the key functions of deliberation is to suppress intuition. It does not invariably succeed, however, and leakage is common. Another question concerns the relations between affect and reasoning systems. The evidence suggests that emotions are not exclusively related to the intuitive system. Instead, emotional reactions that are directly tied to the perception of objects and events (e.g., fear) are associated with intuition, emotions that arise when alternative possibilities are considered (e.g., regret) are tied to deliberation, and moods (e.g., happy, sad) influence how much each system is relied on. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
1,3‐Bis(trimethylsilyl)‐1,3,2‐diazaphospha‐[3]ferrocenophanes
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Klimkina Elena V. , Milius Wolfgang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe 2‐tert‐butyl, 2‐phenoxy, and 2‐diethylamino derivatives of 1,3‐bis(trimethylsilyl)‐1,3,2‐diazaphospha‐[3]ferrocenophane were prepared, and the molecular structure of the latter was determined by X‐ray diffraction. The phosphines could be oxidized by their slow reactions with sulfur or selenium, and the molecular structures of three sulfides and one selenide were determined. In contrast, the synthesis of oxides was less straightforward. All new compounds were characterized in solution by multinuclear magnetic resonance methods (1D and 2D 1H, 13C, 15N, 29Si, 31P, and 77Se NMR spectroscopy).
Intramuscular Injection of Parathyroid Autografts is a Viable Option After Total Parathyroidectomy
Authors: Tan Choon Chieh , Cheah Wei Keat , Tan Charles Tse Kuang , Rauff Abu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIntroductionSurgical transplantation of parathyroid gland into muscle is an established technique after total parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism. However, no study has examined the role of injecting parathyroid tissue in these patients. We compared the outcome of surgical transplantation of parathyroid glands by implantation (“implant”) versus that of intramuscular injection (“inject”).MethodsPatients who had total parathyroidectomy for tertiary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure from 2001–2008 are included in this study. For the implant group, a parathyroid gland is divided into 10–12 pieces (each of 2‐mm in diameter) before embedding into the deltoid or brachioradialis muscle. Patients in the inject group, each had a finely minced gland injected into the deltoid. Postoperatively, the graft is deemed to be functioning if 1) serum PTH is normal, or 2) serum calcium is normal in the absence of calcium supplements or reduced dosage requirements; these assays are performed at least 1 month after initial surgery. Recurrence is defined by the presence of hyperparathyroidism requiring autograft excision.ResultsA total of 66 patients (23 men, 43 women) were included in the study. The implant group comprised 31 patients (mean age 49.9 ± 14.0), and the inject group had 35 patients (mean age 49.2 ± 10.4; P = 0.80). The mean follow‐up period for implant was longer at 40.1 months compared with 16.2 months for inject (P = 0.001). Operative time for implant was slightly longer at 111 min versus 106 min for inject (P = 0.51). Graft function was achieved in 27 (87.1%) implant patients and 20 (69%) inject patients (P = 0.08). Recurrence was seen in four (12.9%) implant patients compared with one (2.9%) inject patient, after a mean period of 28.8 months. This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.18).ConclusionsIntramuscular injection of parathyroid tissue is a feasible alternative to surgical transplantation by implantation after total parathyroidectomy in tertiary hyperparathyroidism. The injection method was slightly faster to perform. However, injection achieved a slightly lower graft function rate but the risk of autograft hyperplasia also was lower.
Mesh Graft Infection Following Abdominal Hernia Repair: Risk Factor Evaluation and Strategies of Mesh Graft Preservation. A Retrospective Analysis of 476 Operations
Authors: Stremitzer Stefan , Bachleitner‐Hofmann Thomas , Gradl Bernhard , Gruenbeck Matthias , Bachleitner‐Hofmann Barbara , Mittlboeck Martina , Bergmann Michael 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundMesh graft infection after prosthetic hernia repair is a challenging complication usually treated by mesh removal. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with mesh infection and to assess the efficacy of conservative wound therapy in preserving an infected mesh.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 476 consecutive patients with incisional hernia who received mesh graft repair between February 1, 2000 and February 28, 2005 at our institution using chart review and clinical investigation.ResultsThirty‐one of 476 (6.5%) patients developed a deep surgical site infection involving the implanted mesh graft. Upon multivariate analysis, operation time was the only significant risk factor associated with mesh infection (p = 0.0038). Seventeen (55%) of 31 infected mesh grafts were preserved by conservative means. There was a significant association between the type of mesh graft used and the probability of mesh preservation in case of infection: While conservative therapy led to preservation of 100% of infected polyglactin/polypropylene meshes, only 20% of infected polypropylene and 23% of infected PTFE/polypropylene meshes could be salvaged using conservative means (p < 0.0001). In none of the patients with preserved mesh graft was hernia recurrence at the former site of infection observed.ConclusionsOperation time is the only significant risk factor associated with mesh graft infection following incisional hernia repair. Conservative treatment should be applied in case of infection of absorbable mesh grafts such as polypropylene/polyglactin, while nonabsorbable meshes such as PTFE/polypropylene or pure polypropylene are much less amenable to conservative treatment, usually requiring early surgical removal.
Laparoscopic Approach to Colonic Perforation due to Colonoscopy
Authors: Rotholtz Nicolas A. , Laporte Mariano , Lencinas Sandra , Bun Maximiliano , Canelas Alejandro , Mezzadri Norberto 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundIatrogenic perforation due to colonoscopy is the most serious complication of this procedure. Usually, resolution of this event requires segmental resection. The laparoscopic approach could be an option to minimize the outcome of this complication. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of the laparoscopic approach in treating colonic perforations due to colonoscopy.MethodsBetween July 1997 and November 2008 data were collected retrospectively on all patients who underwent colonoscopy and had a perforation caused by the procedure. Patients with other complications after colonoscopy as well as other colonic perforations were excluded. According to the method employed for the approach, the series was divided in two groups: those treated by the laparoscopic approach (group I; GI) and those treated via laparotomy (group II; GII). Morbidity and recovery parameters were compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t‐test and the chi square test.ResultsA total of 14,713 colonoscopies were performed during the study period. Of these, 10,299 (73 %) were diagnostics and 4,414 (27%) were therapeutics. There were 20 (0.13%) iatrogenic perforations (GI = 14 versus GII = 6). The mean age of the patients was 62 ± 12.1 years. There were no differences in patient demographics, co‐morbidities, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grades between the groups. Seventeen patients had segmental colectomy with primary anastomosis (GI: 13 versus GII: 4). One patient in each group had simple suture with diverting ileostomy, and one patient from GII underwent a Hartmann’s procedure. Patients from GI had a shorter hospital stay (GI: 4.2 ± 2.06 days versus GII 11.5 ± 8.8 days; P = 0.007) and there were no differences in complication rate compared with GII (GI: 3 versus GII: 5; P = 0.058).ConclusionsLaparoscopic colectomy is effective in resolving colonic perforation due to colonoscopy, and it might offer benefits over the open approach.
Assessment of Intraoperative Liver Deformation During Hepatic Resection: Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Heizmann Oleg , Zidowitz Stephan , Bourquain Holger , Potthast Silke , Peitgen Heinz‐Otto , Oertli Daniel , Kettelhack Christoph 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe implementation of intraoperative navigation in liver surgery is handicapped by intraoperative organ shift, tissue deformation, the absence of external landmarks, and anatomical differences in the vascular tree. To investigate the impact of surgical manipulation on the liver surface and intrahepatic structures, we conducted a prospective clinical trial.MethodsEleven consecutive patients [4 female and 7 male, median age = 67 years (range = 54–80)] with malignant liver disease [colorectal metastasis (n= 9) and hepatocellular cancer (n= 2)] underwent hepatic resection. Pre‐ and intraoperatively, all patients were studied by CT‐based 3D imaging and assessed for the potential value of computer‐assisted planning. The degree of liver deformation was demonstrated by comparing pre‐ and intraoperative imaging.ResultsIntraoperative CT imaging was successful in all patients. We found significant deformation of the liver. The deformation of the segmental structures is reflected by the observed variation of the displacements. There is no rigid alignment of the pre‐ and intraoperative organ positions due to overall deflection of the liver. Locally, a rigid alignment of the anatomical structure can be achieved with less than 0.5 cm discrepancy relative to a segmental unit of the liver. Changes in total liver volume range from −13 to +24%, with an average absolute difference of 7%.ConclusionsThese findings are fundamental for further development and optimization of intraoperative navigation in liver surgery. In particular, these data will play an important role in developing automation of intraoperative continuous registration. This automation compensates for liver shift during surgery and permits real‐time 3D visualization of navigation imaging.
Environmental disease: environmental alteration and infectious disease
Authors: Yamaguchi Nobuyasu , Ichijo Tomoaki , Nasu Masao 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHumans have changed their environment to survive and to achieve a safer and more comfortable life. For example, drinking water and wastewater infrastructures are indispensable for civilized societies to flourish and to prevent water‐borne infectious diseases. However, excessive loading on environments might disturb microbial ecosystems, resulting in outbreaks of pathogenic microbes and the expansion of infectious diseases. Clarifying the relationship between environmental alterations and changes in microbial ecosystems is thus important to prevent further outbreaks of infectious diseases. The present study aims to understand the links between the following factors: environmental alterations; ecosystem disturbance and the occurrence of infectious disease; and impact on society. We focus on legionellosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases from the viewpoint of their environmental linkage. While Legionella spp. are ubiquitous in aquatic environments, Legionella pneumophila often increases in anthropogenic environments, such as cooling towers or spas, and can cause outbreaks of legionellosis. Recently, travel‐associated Legionnaires’ disease has caused concern in many countries. The numbers of patients infected with nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) have increased worldwide since the 1990s. Disturbances to microbial ecosystems caused by changes in water usage might be one cause of NTM diseases. Clarifying the dynamics of Legionella pneumophila and NTM in aquatic environments should help prevent outbreaks of diseases associated with these bacteria.
Effects of altitude and competition on growth and mortality of the conifer Abies sachalinensis
Authors: Takahashi Koichi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAltitudinal gradients are convenient subjects to investigate plant responses to air temperature. Plant growth and mortality are also affected by competition at any altitude. This study investigated the effects of altitude and competition on absolute diameter growth rate (ADGR) and mortality of the conifer Abies sachalinensis by using 13‐year data. This study was done at two altitudes (200 and 1,000 m a.s.l.) in northern Japan. Local crowding by conifers and broad‐leaved trees reduced ADGR of target trees. ADGR was lower in high altitude than low altitude at any DBH and any degree of local crowding because of the short growing season. Observed size‐dependent mortality was a U‐shaped pattern against DBH at the two altitudes. Smaller and larger trees tended to die of suppression (standing‐dead) and disturbances (stem‐broken and uprooting), respectively. Mortality of standing‐dead trees was negatively correlated with ADGR, irrespective of altitude, i.e., ADGR was a good predictor of mortality. Thus, mortality of standing‐dead trees was estimated to be greater at high altitude than low altitude at any degree of local crowding because ADGR was lower at high altitude than low altitude. By contrast, mortality due to disturbances was slightly greater at low altitude than high altitude. Thus, this study showed that a short growth period decreases growth and increases mortality due to suppression at high altitude. Although global warming may increase growth and survival of individual trees at high altitude by prolonging the growth period, prediction on mortality due to disturbances needs caution because the mortality is largely affected by frequency and intensity of disturbances.
Habitat use by spinous loach (Cobitis shikokuensis) in southwestern Japan: importance of subsurface interstices
Authors: Kawanishi Ryota , Kudo Yuta , Inoue Mikio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe examined habitat use by spinous loach (Cobitis shikokuensis), an endangered benthic fish in Japan, in relation to distance to the stream bank, water depth, current velocity, substrate types and bed‐subsurface conditions (fine‐sediment volume, vertical hydraulic gradient). In the study reach (Shigenobu River in Shikoku Island), spinous loach exhibited a patchy distribution within the channel, being limited to sloping bed of channel margins. Although high selectivities were detected for three variables (close to the stream bank, pebble‐dominant substrates, and low fine‐sediment volume) from univariate perspective, decision‐tree analysis indicated that their distribution pattern was best explained by the two variables representing subsurface conditions. Locations occupied by spinous loach were characterized by extremely low fine‐sediment volume (≤1.5%), or by moderate fine‐sediment volume (1.5–9.8%) with positive vertical hydraulic gradient (indicative of upwelling). Our results suggest that subsurface interstices are essential habitat for spinous loach and that prevention of excessive inputs and deposition of fine sediments, which cause interstitial sedimentation, is crucial for conservation of this endangered species.
Emergency ultrasound diagnosis of a ruptured angiomyolipoma causing acute anemia
Authors: Sutijono Darrell , Pace Caroline , Moore Christopher L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A 32-year-old female presented with acute, asymptomatic anemia. While vital signs and physical examination were stable and non-diagnostic, utilizing goal-directed bedside ultrasound, a perinephric hematoma consistent with a ruptured angiomyolipoma was discovered as the cause of the patient’s condition.