bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Engineering and Oil Supplementation of Physcomitrella patens for Activation of C22 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Production
Authors: Chodok Pichit , Cove David J. , Quatrano Ralph S. , Kanjana‐Opas Akkharawit , Kaewsuwan Sireewan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLong chain (C ≥ 20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFAs) represent important components of the human diet. Currently, the predominant sources of these fatty acids are marine fish and algal oils, but high production costs and diminishing feedstock, limit their supply and usage. A more regular sustainable source of these compounds is urgently required and therefore research is being conducted to develop a sustainable, land‐based production system. This work describes the metabolic engineering of an artificial pathway that activates the production of C22‐PUFAs, docosatetraenoic acid or adrenic acid (ADA) and n‐3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in Physcomitrella patens using a gene from a marine algae Pavlova sp. encoding Δ5‐elongase and vegetable oil supplementation. The accumulation of ADA and ω‐3 DPA were dramatically increased to 24.3 and 11.7 mg L−1 and accounted for 2.3 and 1.1% of total fatty acids, respectively. This is the first report on producing n‐3 DPA, DHA precursor, in P. patens. The obtained results prove that this enzyme appears to be more active when fused to a green fluorescence protein reporter gene. These finding reveal that the modification of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway by genetic manipulation and nutritional supplementation, to produce specific PUFAs in a non‐seed lower plant, is a promising technique.
Japanese two-year-olds use morphosyntax to learn novel verb meanings
Authors: MATSUO AYUMI , KITA SOTARO , SHINYA YURI , WOOD GARY C. , NAIGLES LETITIA 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTPrevious research has found that children who are acquiring argument-drop languages such as Turkish and Chinese make use of syntactic frames to extend familiar verb meanings (Göksun, Küntay & Naigles, 2008; Lee & Naigles, 2008). This article investigates whether two-year-olds learning Japanese, another argument-drop language, make use of argument number and case markings in learning novel verbs. Children watched videos of novel causative and non-causative actions via Intermodal Preferential Looking. The novel verbs were presented in transitive or intransitive frames; the NPs in the transitive frames appeared ‘bare’ or with case markers. Consistent with previous findings of Morphosyntactic Bootstrapping, children who heard the novel verbs in the transitive frame with case markers reliably assigned those verbs to the novel causative actions.
Cytomegalovirus‐specific CD8+ T cells targeting different peptide/HLA combinations demonstrate varying T‐cell receptor diversity
Authors: Giest Sandra , McWhinnie Alasdair , Lefranc Marie‐Paule , Little Ann‐Margaret , Grace Sarah , Mackinnon Stephen , Madrigal J. Alejandro , Travers Paul J. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and reactivation pose a serious threat for patients after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We have previously shown that CD8+ T cells targeting different CMV epitopes correlate with protection at different threshold frequencies in those patients. To investigate if this may relate to a different quality of these cells here we analyse the T‐cell receptor diversity of pp50 (245–253)/HLA‐A*0101 specific CD8+ T cells with that of CD8+ T cells targeting various pp65 peptides. The results from this pilot study show differences in the breadth of the T‐cell receptor usage of the different cell populations. We observe for the first time that the T‐cell receptor Vβ CDR3 spectratypes used by CMV pp50 (245–253)/HLA‐A*0101‐specific CD8+ T cells can reach higher numbers than those used by CD8+ T cells targeting various pp65 peptides in our patient cohort. This merits further investigation into the effectiveness of the different CMV‐specific T cells and their impact on immunosenescence, which is important to eventually define the most useful source of adoptive therapy and monitoring protocols for cytomegalovirus‐specific immune responses.
Diabetes mellitus as a modulator of functional impairment and decline in Alzheimer’s disease. The Real.FR cohort
Authors: Sanz C. M. , Hanaire H. , Vellas B. J. , Sinclair A. J. , Andrieu S. ,   for REAL.FR Study Group
Published: September 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 541–548 (2012)AbstractAims  To determine whether diabetes mellitus influences functional status in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.Methods  We studied 608 community‐dwelling patients with Alzheimer’s disease from a prospective multicenter cohort. Diabetes was assessed at baseline. Functional status was assessed twice yearly with the Activities of Daily Living scale. Each patient had a baseline functional disability if their Activities of Daily Living score was < 6. Progression of functional disability was defined by a decreased Activities of Daily Living score over 4 years of follow‐up visits.Results  At baseline, diabetes was present in 63 participants (10.4%) and, compared with those without diabetes, was associated with functional impairment [age‐ and sex‐adjusted OR = 2.73 (95% CI 1.41–5.28)]. After controlling for confounders, the association remained significant [OR = 2.04 (95% CI 1.02–4.11)]. Follow‐up demonstrated a significant interaction between duration of Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes, which was associated with progression of functional impairment in patients who had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease for less than 1 year [age‐ and sex‐adjusted hazard ratio = 1.52 (95% CI 1.01–2.30), P = 0.048], but not in those who had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease for more than 1 year [age‐ and sex‐adjusted hazard ratio = 0.78 (95% CI 0.47–1.28), P = 0.32]. Abnormal one‐leg balance, polymedication and obesity seem to be important factors explaining the association between diabetes and functional status.Conclusions  At baseline, the presence of diabetes significantly increases the risk of functional disability in patients with Alzheimer’s disease; our longitudinal data confirm that in patients with a recent diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (but not in those who have had Alzheimer’s disease for longer than 1 year), diabetes continues to worsen functional status.
What makes the α1A‐adrenoceptor gene express the α1L‐adrenoceptor functional phenotype?
Authors: Ventura S 
Published: September 2011

The α1A‐adrenoceptor is therapeutically exploited because of its prevalence in the lower urinary tract. The pharmacology shown by this lower urinary tract α1A‐adrenoceptor is different from that shown by other α1A‐adrenoceptors, which has led to it being subclassified as an α1L‐adrenoceptor. Only in the last few years was it shown that this pharmacologically distinct α1L‐adrenoceptor is a product of the α1A‐adrenoceptor gene. In this issue of the BJP, Nishimune et al. review the literature on α1L‐adrenoceptor pharmacology and discuss the possible molecular mechanisms by which the α1A‐adrenoceptor gene is able to produce two pharmacologically distinct adrenoceptor subtypes. Based primarily from their own research using cell lines transfected with α1A‐adrenoceptors, they conclude that a protein that interacts with the receptor is the most plausible explanation. The challenge remains to identify any such interacting protein and show how it is able to change the pharmacology of the receptor for different ligands.LINKED ARTICLE This article is a commentary on Nishimune et al., pp. 1226–1234 of this issue. To view this paper visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2011.01591.x
Effectiveness of seed dispersal by ants in a Neotropical tree
Authors: HARDESTY Britta Denise 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSeed dispersal and subsequent recruitment is the template on which forest regeneration takes place. Hence, considering the scale over which ecological processes occur is key for understanding the overall impact of various dispersal agents. To explore leafcutter ant (Atta colombica) dispersal effectiveness in space and time, seed movement and subsequent recruitment of a large‐seeded predominately vertebrate‐dispersed tree, Simarouba amara (Aubl. Simaroubaceae), was investigated on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. At each of 218 reproductive‐sized adults (≥20 cm diameter at breast height), presence or absence of a leafcutter ant colony was noted, with extensive checks for Atta activity taking place at or in close proximity to seed and seedling transects, which extended 4 cardinal directions for 30 m from each reproductive female tree (n= 74). Only at 2 S. amara trees were nests observed, and in these areas a dense S. amara seedling carpet was observed. Although nearby nest and dump sites might increase local S. amara recruitment in the short term, mortality at these sites is complete or nearly so. Hence, the seed dispersal effectiveness by leafcutter ants appears to be ephemeral and likely contributes inconsequentially to the long‐term recruitment and distribution patterns of the species. This finding highlights the importance of evaluating disperser effectiveness at ecologically relevant spatiotemporal scales.
Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus suebicus KCTC 3549
Authors: Nam Seong-Hyeuk , Choi Sang-Haeng , Kang Aram , Kim Dong-Wook , Kim Ryong Nam , Kim Dae-Soo , Kim Aeri , Park Hong-Seog 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus suebicus
is important in the generation of particular flavors and in other ripening processes associated with apple mash. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the type strain
Lactobacillus suebicus
KCTC 3549 (2,656,936 bp, with a G+C content of 39.0%), which consists of 143 large contigs (>100 bp).
Optimization of Burkholderia sp. ZYB002 lipase production for pitch control in thermomechanical pulping (TMP) processes
Authors: Shu Zhengyu , Wu Jiguang , Chen De , Cheng Lanxing , Zheng Yi , Chen Jianping , Huang Jianzhong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractProduction and process optimization of a thermostable lipase fromBurkholderiasp. ZYB002 and the application potential of this lipase for pitch control of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) has been investigated. The optimized physical and nutritional factors ofBurkholderiasp. ZYB002 were found to be (all units in%, w v-1): 0.5 peptone, 0.025 urea, 0.5 glycerol, 0.1 NaHCO3, 0.2 K2HPO4, 1.5 Tween 80, 1.1 olive oil, four inoculum volume, and initial pH 8.5. The lipase production process was carried out at 30°C at 250 rpm for 36 h in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 35 ml fermentation medium and five glass beads. Under the optimized conditions, lipase activity reached 216.5 U ml-1. In a TMP ofPinus massoniana, 39% of triglycerides were hydrolyzed by the lipase under optimized conditions [pulp concentration 6% (w v-1), lipase dose 20 U g-1based on dry TMP, pulp initial pH 7.5, and 65°C for 30 min]. The lipase in question displayed a great potential for pitch control of TMP.
A Longitudinal Study of GAD65 and ICA512 Autoantibodies During the Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) Participants
Authors: Sosenko Jay M. , Skyler Jay S. , Palmer Jerry P. , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Cuthbertson David , Yu Liping , Schatz Desmond A. , Orban Tihamer , Eisenbarth George ,   Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 and Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Groups
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE
We examined changes in GAD65 and ICA-512 autoantibodies (GADA and IA-2A) during progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) participants were assessed for changes in positivity and titers of GADA and IA-2A during the progression to T1D.

RESULTS
Among 99 progressors to T1D with GADA and IA-2A measurements at baseline and diagnosis (mean interval = 3.3 ± 1.5 years), GADA positivity changed little and GADA titers decreased (P &lt; 0.01). In contrast, both IA-2A positivity and titers increased substantially (P &lt; 0.001). Even among those positive at baseline, IA-2A titers increased from baseline to diagnosis (n = 57; P &lt; 0.001), whereas GADA titers decreased (n = 80; P &lt; 0.01). The same patterns of change were also evident among those positive for both autoantibodies (n = 48) at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS
IA-2A titers increase during the years before the diagnosis of T1D, even among those positive for IA-2A. In contrast, GADA titers tend to decline during those years.
Questions of Taste
Authors: Holland Charles 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCharles Holland of FAT picks up the Post‐Modern baton from Venturi Scott Brown and Charles Jencks and raises the neglected topic of taste. Though the way architecture is experienced by people is bound up with taste, it remains an area of discomfort for architects – tied up with awkward discussions of privilege and class. Holland shows how in FAT's Islington Square housing project the DIY taste of the residents was not only embraced, but fully accommodated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The True Counterfeits of Banksy: Radical Walls of Complicity and Subversion
Authors: Branscome Eva 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTattoo or consummate object of consumption? Banksy's artwork has an uneasy status. It simultaneously has the power to subvert, questioning the conventions of the art world while potentially colluding with it. Eva Branscome explores the paradox of Banksy in the light of Post‐Modernism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A practical countercurrent fluid catalytic cracking regenerator model for in situ operation optimization
Authors: Zhang Yongmin , Lu Chunxi , Li Tingwen 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA practical countercurrent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) regenerator model with improved descriptions of gas and solid flow patterns is proposed. A three‐zone and two‐phase gas model was utilized to describe the gas flow through the regenerator, addressing the different phase mass‐transfer properties in the different zones. A new two‐continuously stirred‐tank reactor‐with‐interchange model was used to describe the solid flow and to address the effect of freeboard on catalyst regeneration. Otherwise, this model also considered the usually adopted expanding section for reducing solid carryover. The model was programmed in Matlab language with coupled hydrodynamics and reaction kinetics models and tested and validated by the data from an industrial FCC regenerator operated under both partial and full CO combustion modes. After fitting a single model parameter, the interchange solid flux between the dense bed and freeboard, the model predictions were in reasonable agreement with the commercial data for both modes. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Anisotropic two‐orbital Hubbard model: Single‐site versus cluster Dynamical Mean‐Field Theory
Authors: Lee H. , Zhang Y.‐Z. , Jeschke H.O. , Valentí R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe anisotropic two‐orbital Hubbard model with different bandwidths and degrees of frustration in each orbital is investigated in the framework of both single‐site dynamical mean‐field theory (DMFT) as well as its cluster extension (DCA) for clusters up to four sites combined with a continuous‐time quantum Monte Carlo algorithm. This model shows a rich phase diagram which includes the appearance of orbital selective phase transitions, non‐Fermi liquid behavior as well as antiferromagnetic metallic states. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of employing the single‐site DMFT with respect to DCA and the consequences for the physical picture obtained out of these calculations. Finally, we argue that such a minimal model may be of relevance to understand the nature of the antiferromagnetic metallic state in the iron‐pnictide superconductors as well as the origin of the small staggered magnetization observed in these systems.
Extending the Gutzwiller approximation for liquid 3He by including intersite correlations
Authors: Müller D. , Pilgram S. , Rice T.M. , Sigrist M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe simple Gutzwiller approximation, applied to the approach to Mott localization in a half‐filled band Hubbard model, gives a remarkably good description of the properties of liquid 3He as the liquid‐solid transition is approached under pressure. The key variable, the density of unbound doubly occupied and empty sites is evaluated keeping only single site correlations. We extend the Gutzwiller approximation to incorporate nearest neighbor correlations. This extension improves the agreement with the experimental evolution of the spin susceptibility and effective mass with pressure, but does not remove the large discrepancy in the compressibility.
Renormalized perturbation theories of Anderson localization: Self‐consistent two‐particle vertices
Authors: Janiš V. , Pokorný V. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe study effects of quantum coherence due to scatterings of electrons on impurities on two‐particle vertex functions. We use the diagrammatic perturbation expansion in the impurity potential and analyze possible ways how to introduce renormalizations on the two‐particle level. We discuss the differences between the low‐dimensional self‐consistent theory of Vollhardt and Wölfle and the high‐dimensional one of Janiš and Kolorenč. Finally we demonstrate, using the latter approach, the emergence of the localized phase in the Falicov‐Kimball model.
Order‐parameter anisotropies in the pnictides: An optimization principle for multi‐band superconductivity
Authors: Hanke W. , Platt Ch. , Thomale R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractUsing general arguments of an optimization taking place between the pair wave function and the repulsive part of the electron‐electron interaction, we analyze the superconducting gap in materials with multiple Fermi‐surface (FS) pockets, with exemplary application to two proto‐type ferropnictide setups. The main point of our work is to show that the SC state, its gap, and, in particular, its anisotropy in momentum space is determined by an optimization which determines and optimizes the interplay between the attractive interaction in the SC‐channel and the Coulomb repulsion. This optimization problem is unavoidable in a multi‐band SC situation: for the pnictides, it appears because of a frustration in the s±‐channel, when more than two FS‐pockets are involved in setting up the pairing interaction. On the basis of functional renormalization group (FRG) calculations for a wide parameter span of the bare interactions, we show that the symmetry of the gap and the nodal versus nodeless behavior is driven by this optimization requirement.
Ab initio calculations with the dynamical vertex approximation
Authors: Toschi A. , Rohringer G. , Katanin A.A. , Held K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe propose an approach for the ab initio calculation of materials with strong electronic correlations which is based on all local (fully irreducible) vertex corrections beyond the bare Coulomb interaction. It includes the so‐called GW and dynamical mean field theory and important non‐local correlations beyond, with a computational effort estimated to be still manageable.
Thinking locally: Reflections on Dynamical Mean‐Field Theory from a high‐temperature/high‐energy perspective
Authors: Georges A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWhen spatial correlations are short‐range, the physics of strongly correlated systems is controlled by local quantum fluctuations. In those regimes, Dynamical Mean‐Field Theory can be viewed as a `compass' which provides guidance on the relevant degrees of freedom and their effective dynamics over intermediate energy scales. These intermediate energy scales and associated crossovers play a crucial role in the physics of strongly correlated materials.
Rational engineering of Escherichia coli strains for plasmid biopharmaceutical manufacturing
Authors: Gonçalves Geisa A. L. , Bower Diana M. , Prazeres Duarte M. F. , Monteiro Gabriel A. , Prather Kristala L. J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPlasmid DNA (pDNA) has become very attractive as a biopharmaceutical, especially for gene therapy and DNA vaccination. Currently, there are a few products licensed for veterinary applications and numerous plasmids in clinical trials for use in humans. Recent work in both academia and industry demonstrates a need for technological and economical improvement in pDNA manufacturing. Significant progress has been achieved in plasmid design and downstream processing, but there is still a demand for improved production strains. This review focuses on engineering of Escherichia coli strains for plasmid DNA production, understanding the differences between the traditional use of pDNA for recombinant protein production and its role as a biopharmaceutical. We will present recent developments in engineering of E. coli strains, highlight essential genes for improvement of pDNA yield and quality, and analyze the impact of various process strategies on gene expression in pDNA production strains.
Evaluations of cellulose accessibilities of lignocelluloses by solute exclusion and protein adsorption techniques
Authors: Wang Q.Q. , He Z. , Zhu Z. , Zhang Y.‐H.P. , Ni Y. , Luo X.L. , Zhu J.Y. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCellulose accessibilities of a set of hornified lignocellulosic substrates derived by drying the never dried pretreated sample and a set of differently pretreated lodgepople pine substrates, were evaluated using solute exclusion and protein adsorption methods. Direct measurements of cellulase adsorption onto cellulose surface of the set of pretreated substrates were also carried out using an in situ UV–Vis spectrophotometric technique. The cellulose accessibilities measured by the solute exclusion and a cellulose‐binding module (CBM)‐containing green fluorescent protein (TGC) adsorption methods correlate well for both sets of samples. The substrate enzymatic digestibilities (SEDs) of the hornified substrates are proportional to the measured cellulose accessibilities. Approximately over 90% of the SED was contributed by the accessible pore surfaces of the hornified substrates, suggesting that the substrate external surface plays a minor role contributing to cellulose accessibility and SED. The cellulose accessibilities of the pretreated substrates correlated well with the amounts of cellulase adsorbed. The SEDs of these substrates directly correlated with the amounts of adsorbed cellulase. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:381–389. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The scapular, parascapular, and latissimus dorsi flap as a single osteomyocutaneous flap for repair of complex oral defects
Authors: Janus Jeffrey R. , Carlson Matthew L. , Moore Eric J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractComplex composite defects of the oral cavity are often created due to en bloc resection of malignant tumors. These defects can involve bone, soft tissue, oral mucosa, and external skin, posing a reconstructive challenge to the microvascular surgeon. Though advances have been made in free tissue transfer via piggybacking techniques and double free‐flaps, increases in operative time and morbidity remain limiting factors. Likewise, advancements in single composite flaps (e.g., double‐skin paddle fibular free‐flap) allow for a single donor site, but limit workable tissue. This report describes our experience with the scapular, parascapular, and latissimus dorsi (SPLD) as a combined single unit osteomyocutaneous flap for composite reconstruction of complex oral defects. A case example is subsequently reviewed for clinical correlation. This is an operative techniques article describing the use of the SPLD single multi‐tissue flap for repair of complex oral defects. Cadaveric dissection was performed for instructional purposes. Case example was given for clinical correlation. Relevant history, anatomy, procedural details, and possible complications are presented and subsequently correlated to the case example. A SPLD free‐flap as a single multi‐tissue flap is a viable and beneficial option for reconstruction of complex oral defects. It provides the volume of tissue necessary to fill composite defects and exists as an alternative to multi‐flap procedures, which carry a longer operative time and multiple donor site morbidity. Clin. Anat. 25:120–128, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.