bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RELEVANCE OF LEADERSHIP ABILITIES ON TEACHERS JOB PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN BAYELSA STATE
Authors: IGWELE NEWTON UTAVIE  , OLADUNJOYE PATRICK  
Published: February 2025

This study examined relevance of leadership abilities on teachers’ job performances in public secondary schools in Bayelsa State. One research questions and one null hypotheses guided the study. Correlational survey design was used for the study. The population of the study was 4015 students’ of public secondary schools teachers in Bayelsa State during the 2022/2023 academic session. The proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to draw up 384 teachers made up of 204 male and 180 female teachers respectively. A self developed instrument containing 45 items titled Administrators Competence and Teachers Job Performance Questionnaire (ACTJPQ) was used for data collection. The data generated from the trial testing were analyzed using Cronbach Alpha statistics and the reliability scores is made up of instructional materials, .797; decision-making, .785; reward system, .737; in-service training, .803, teachers’ job performance, .789 and the entire instrument, .886. Simple regression analysis was used to answer the research questions while Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient (PPMC) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study showed that leadership ability is significantly associated with teachers’ job performance in secondary schools in Bayelsa State. Conclusively, this study offered significant understanding of the primary factors influencing teachers' job performance. This knowledge can help shape the creation of continuous professional development programmes for teachers, thereby fostering academic achievement for all students. Based on the findings, the study recommended that teachers’ should depend on leadership ability as a result of their ability to enhance their job performance in secondary schools.
AN ANALYSIS OF BLOCK CHAIN TECHNOLOGY'S ROLE IN NIGERIAN GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES: A REVIEW OF ITS USES AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors: BUHARI GARBA J.  
Published: February 2025

This research looks at block chain implementations in Nigerian government systems and evaluates how well they work for administration and government. Block chain technology has attracted a lot of interest due to its potential to revolutionise a number of industries, including government processes. It was first presented as the foundation for crypto currencies. The uses and effects of block chain technology on the political environment in the United States are thoroughly reviewed in this article. Block chain emerge as an innovative force that has the potential to transform administrative systems as governments across the globe look for creative ways to improve transparency, efficiency, and security. The research highlights the decentralised and tamper-resistant features of block chain technology while clarifying its basic concepts. Additionally, it examines a variety of uses for government systems, from voting and identity management to supply chain tracking and public financing. Examining certain use cases in depth, the report shows how block chain improves data quality, lowers fraud, and expedites bureaucratic procedures. The report evaluates the potential advantages of block chain implementation for government operations, emphasising improved public confidence, better accountability, and cost savings. To provide a fair assessment of the technology's limits, issues and factors such as interoperability, scalability, and regulatory frameworks are examined. Examining pilot programmes and current implementations that use block chain in domains including property registers, medical information administration, and acquisition, the assessment covers federal and state-level activities in the United States. A closer look at the joint efforts of both the government and privatizes sector is taken, providing insight into the frameworks that must be in place for effective block chain integration. Block chain initiatives for administration are discussed in the context of ethical issues and privacy concerns, highlighting the need of strong security measures to secure private data while using the technology's transformational potential. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the uses and implications of block chain computing in Nigeria government systems by synthesising its present status. This assessment provides insightful information for policymakers, academics, and practitioners as block chain technology develops and gains acceptance. It also helps people understand how transformational block chain technology may be in reshaping government processes in the future.
Fragility and anti-fragility of Italian volunteering in the polycritical context
Authors: Di Maggio Umberto , Della Queva Stefania , Nicosia Manuela , Notarstefano Giuseppe , Stoppiello Sabrina , Terzo Giuseppe 
Published: February 2025

Volunteering is a multifaceted phenomenon of great relevance to the social sciences. Several studies confirm how it significantly contributes to mitigating and partially alleviating the effects of crises (Guo et al., 2021; Della Porta, 2020) and, more generally, the distorting effects of capitalism and the market (Rago & Venturi, 2020). Despite the fact that crises increase the range of social needs to which institutional welfare alone cannot respond, it is noted that Italian volunteering has changed during the Covid pandemic, experiencing a crisis due to a reduced capacity to involve and activate individuals willing to engage in activities of general interest (Eurispes, 2022).
In 2021, there were about 360,000 non-profit institutions (NPIs) active in Italy and about 261,000 with volunteers (76.1% of the total NPIs). The aim of this paper is to describe the different forms of “organised volunteering” and to analyse specific contexts in order to identify the factors that, at territorial level, could influence the traditional way of volunteering and allow new forms of engagement and civic participation to emerge.
Specifically, we analyse the data collected by the permanent censuses of non-profit institutions in order to classify NPIs according to structural characteristics, human resources, activities carried out, and other qualitative information such as scope (mutual versus public benefit), target of mission (individuals versus community), network of stakeholders, and category of vulnerability addressed. This analysis makes it possible to identify different types of volunteering and their changes over time, providing the empirical basis for new reflections on the fragility (or not) of organised volunteering in Italy.
Influence of Natural Farming Practices in Different Crops at West Central Table Land Zone of Odisha
Authors: Behera R. D. , Biswal S. , Priyadarshini S. , Das Ipsita , Mishra P. J. , Barik N. C. , Sahu S. , Mohanty P. , Jena D. 
Published: February 2025

A field experiment was conducted in the farmers field to study the effect of natural farming practice on different crops under the west central table land zone of Odisha. Under this experiment the Farmers practice (FP) was taken as application of soil test-based fertilizer where as recommended practice was taken as natural farming practice (NFP). From the above experiment it is concluded that the application of NFP significantly increase the crop yield in Brinjal, Toria, Ragi but non-significant in Cowpea, Field pea and pumpkin over FP where as in average net return significantly increases over all the crops except Field pea. The highest yield was shown in Pumpkin (158 q/ha) followed by other crops. The cost of cultivation was more in cowpea (Rs. 62,740) followed by pumpkin (Rs. 61,350), Brinjal (Rs. 55,396), Field pea (Rs. 43,044), Toria (Rs. 31,734) and Ragi (Rs. 28754). Irrespective of the crops the gross income of the Pumpkin was more (Rs. 88750/-) followed by brinjal (Rs. 69404), Cowpea (Rs. 34372), Toria (Rs. 19,130), Ragi (Rs. 10906) and Field pea (Rs. 5188).
Transforming the value chain of local journalism with artificial intelligence
Authors: Wilczek Bartosz , Haim Mario , Thurman Neil 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith their advertising and audience revenues in decline, local news organizations have been experiencing comparatively high degrees of disruption in recent years. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers opportunities for local news organizations to better cope with the economic challenges they face. However, local news organizations need to carefully prioritize where AI will create the most value. After all, they serve customers in the audience and advertising markets, with external effects on society. At the same time, they are limited by scarce resources, which constrains the implementation of AI. Therefore, based on Porter's value chain, this article pursues two goals. First, drawing on previous research, we provide a systematic overview of activities for which local news organizations see the biggest potential of AI to create value. Moreover, we highlight promising AI use cases based on benchmarking with national news organizations. Second, we discuss local news organizations’ challenges in implementing AI and how they might overcome such obstacles.
Plasmonic Nanograin Metasurface with Disorder‐Enhanced Biosensing for SARS‐CoV‐2 Variant and Antibodies
Authors: Li Fajun , Guan Chaoheng , Chen Kaiyun , Jiang Yuanyuan , Xie Yinong , Wu Zhilin , Zhu Jiaheng , Hong Junping , Zhang Yulong , Chen Yixin , Zhu Jinfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecently, the concept of introducing disorder into ordered metasurfaces or periodic metastructures has shown great potential in improving their performance for light extraction, scattering, reflection, and radiation. However, its use in optical biosensing enhancement is still barely reported. Here, a kind of plasmonic biosensors based on disorder‐enhanced nanograin metasurfaces (DENMs) are proposed, and utilized for high‐sensitivity detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant and vaccine‐induced total antibodies. With the aim to elucidate the physics of short‐range‐disordered meta‐elements in long‐range‐ordered metastructures, the meta‐atom evolution is deduced from periodic nanohole metasurfaces to DENMs and totally disordered nanograin metasurfaces. It is found that the disorder of nanograin plays a critical role in elevating the DENM surface sensitivity of biomolecules. The DENM‐based biosensing demonstrates an extremely high diagnostic specificity with the probability P < 0.0001 on distinguishing the Omicron variant from other respiratory viruses. Moreover, these biosensors are used as a convenient tool to monitor vaccine efficacy for inoculators with the third booster injections. This study implies the promise of disorder‐enhanced metasurfaces on biomedical detection and will guide their applications on virus early discovery and prevention for future mobile healthcare.
Homogenization and Upcycling of Hetero Spent LiCoO2 Cathodes: Rational Introduction of Li/Co Anti‐Sites Toward Enhanced High‐Voltage Stability
Authors: Lei Hai , Zeng Zihao , Li Jiexiang , Cui Xinwei , Wang Bin , Shi Yanke , Sun Wei , Ji Xiaobo , Yang Yue , Ge Peng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCaptured by relatively low energy consumption and harmful gas‐emission, direct regeneration has captured numerous attention, but still suffers from different particle sizes and diverse doping hetero‐elements, hardly meeting the market demand. Herein, assisted by the crush‐sinter regeneration from element to grain further to particle, homogenized recovery of hetero spent LiCoO2 is successfully carried out. More interestingly, after tailoring Li/Co anti‐sites ratio, the redox activity of Co‐ions is remarkably enhanced, effectively inhibiting the irreversible escape of O‐atoms under high voltage, bringing about the fascinating electrochemical performance and structural stability. As anticipated, the regenerated LiCoO2 delivered a considerable capacity of 175.2 mAh g−1 at 1.0 C, whilst its capacity retention can remain at 88.86% even after 500 cycles at 5.0 C, better than that of commercial materials. Assembling regenerated materials versus. graphite pouch cell, their considerable practical capacity retention can be kept at ≈91.4% even after 500 cycles. Supported by in situ XRD, electronic structure analysis, and detailed DFT calculations, the excellent high voltage stability of optimized samples mainly comes from the alleviating of phase conversion and oxygen redox. This work is expected to shed light on the potential value of homogenized regenerations, and offer effective strategies of upcycling about spent LCO.
Exploring Magnetocaloric Materials for Sustainable Refrigeration near Hydrogen Gas Liquefaction Temperature
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Muhammad Raeesh , Kim Sunghyun , Yi Jungwon , Son Kwanghyo , Oh Hyunchul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMagnetocaloric materials have the ability to undergo temperature changes when subjected to varying magnetic fields. These materials are of interest due to their potential for innovative cooling applications. This review article summarizes materials that exhibit magnetic ordering within the temperature range required for gas liquefaction and explores their potential applications through the magnetocaloric effect (MCE). The gas liquefaction temperature range is typically assumed to be 20–77 K, however, this study specifically summarizes materials that have a transition temperature near to the hydrogen liquefaction temperature (≈20K). This review article aims to showcase ongoing research on magnetic materials for hydrogen liquefaction. Driven by the depletion of natural resources and environmental concerns, the search for environmentally sustainable fuels has intensified, making hydrogen a promising alternative. However, the liquefaction of hydrogen is highly energy‐intensive. The investigation focuses on identifying and understanding these materials and assessing their suitability for environmentally friendly and sustainable cooling technologies. By harnessing the magnetocaloric effect, these materials exhibit temperature changes in response to an applied magnetic field, offering advantages over traditional cooling methods that are 20–50% more efficient. The review aims to furnish researchers with essential information that can help modify magnetocaloric effect (MCE) materials, enabling them to achieve the desired magnetic ordering temperature conducive to the liquefaction of hydrogen.
Integrating Rooftop Agriculture and Atmospheric Water Harvesting for Water‐Food Production Based on Hygroscopic Manganese Complex
Authors: Shan He , Poredoš Primož , Qu Hao , Yang Xinge , Zhou Mengjuan , Bai Lulu , Shi Jiadong , Chen Wenshuai , Wang Ruzhu , Tan Swee Ching 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe integration of atmospheric water harvesting and rooftop agriculture presents a promising solution for decentralized water and food supply in urban areas. However, the degradation of adsorption material kinetics after scaling up, coupled with fluctuations in solar energy, results in reduced and unstable water production. Herein, a composite adsorbent composed of manganese (II)‐ethanolamine complexes incorporated into a hierarchical and interconnect polypyrrole‐doped matrix is developed. This structure significantly reduces vapor diffusion resistance—a crucial factor impeding rapid scale‐up kinetics, enabling water uptake of 2.54 g g−1 at 90% RH, with 62% of water released within 30 min, facilitating daily multiple capture‐release cycles. Incorporating a hybrid desorption mode that combines PV electrical and solar heating further achieves stable and high‐yield water production. Ultimately, through simulation and feasibility verification, the atmospheric water‐irrigated rooftop farm realizes water and food production yield of 879.9 gwater m−2sorbent day−1 and 1.28 kgfood m−2device within 14 days without human intervention and independent of external water inputs. These findings highlight the potential of integrating AWH technology with rooftop farming as a pathway to sustainable urban development through decentralized water and food co‐production.
Integration Of Solution‐Processed BaTiO3 Thin Films with High Pockels Coefficient on Photonic Platforms
Authors: Picavet Ewout , Lievens Enes , De Geest Kobe , Rijckaert Hannes , Fernandez Edgar Gutierrez , Bikondoa Oier , Solano Eduardo , Paturi Petriina , Singh Nishant , Pannier Tinus , Liu Jiayi , Yin Xin , Van Thourhout Dries , Beeckman Jeroen , De Buysser Klaartje 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe heterogeneous integration of ferroelectric BaTiO3 thin films on silicon (Si) and silicon nitride (SiN)‐based platforms for photonic integrated circuits (PICs) plays a crucial role in the development of future nanophotonic thin film modulators. Since the electro‐optic (EO) properties of ferroelectric thin films strongly depend on their crystal phase and texture, the integration of BaTiO3 thin films on these platforms is far from trivial. So far, a conventional integration route using a SrTiO3 template film in combination with high vacuum deposition methods has been developed, but it has a low throughput, is expensive and requires monocrystalline substrates. To close this gap, a cost‐efficient, high‐throughput and scalable method for integrating highly textured BaTiO3 films is needed. Therefore, an alternative method for the integration of highly textured BaTiO3 films using a La2O2CO3 template film in combination with a chemical solution deposition (CSD) process is presented. In this work, the structural and EO properties of the solution‐processed BaTiO3 film are characterized and its integration into an optical ring resonator is evaluated. The BaTiO3 film exhibits a fiber texture, has a large Pockels coefficient (reff) of 139 pm V−1, and integration into a ring resonator‐based modulator shows a VπL of 1.881 V cm and a bandwidth of > 40 GHz. This enables low‐cost, high‐throughput, and flexible integration of BaTiO3 films on PIC platforms and the potential large‐scale fabrication of nanophotonic BaTiO3 thin‐film modulators.
Spin‐Orbit Torque Switching of Magnetization in Ultra‐Thick Ferromagnetic Layers
Authors: Chen Hongliang , Zhou Guowei , Ji Huihui , Qin Qing , Shi Shu , Shen Qia , Yao Pengyu , Cao Yu , Chen Jiaxin , Liu Yanghui , Wang Han , Lin Weinan , Yang Yumeng , Jia Jinfeng , Xu Xiaohong , Chen Jingsheng , Liu Liang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCurrent‐induced magnetization switching via spin‐orbit torque (SOT) holds great potential for applications in high‐speed and energy‐efficient magnetic memory and logic devices. In the extensively studied heavy metal/ferromagnet (HM/FM) SOT heterostructures, the thickness of the FM layer is typically restricted to a few nanometers or less due to the rapid spin dephasing, making it challenging to implement thermally stable memory cells with high density. In this study, it is demonstrated that this thickness constraint can be significantly alleviated by utilizing an oxide ferromagnet La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO). Through electrical transport and magnetic optical measurements, it is found that the SOT can switch the magnetization in Pt/LSMO heterostructures even at an LSMO thickness of 35 nm, which is one order of magnitude larger than that for metallic FMs, such as CoFeB. Furthermore, based on the FM thickness dependence of the switching current and the domain switching type revealed by magnetic optical Kerr effect imaging (MOKE), a possible picture is proposed to describe the SOT switching in Pt/LSMO, which highlights the critical role of the domain wall propagation in the vertical direction. The work provides valuable insights into the behavior of SOT switching in ultra‐thick FM films, offering new possibilities for their practical applications.
Biomimetic Remineralization of Dental Hard Tissues via Amyloid‐Like Protein Matrix Composite with Amorphous Calcium Phosphate
Authors: Pang Yanyun , Fu Chengyu , Zhang Daixing , Li Min , Zhou Xinye , Gao Yingtao , Lin Kaiye , Hu Bowen , Zhang Kai , Cai Qing , Yang Peng , Liu Yongchun , Zhang Xu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNumerous remineralizing coatings aim to prevent or treat early enamel lesions and occlude exposed dentinal tubules (DTs). Nevertheless, the pace of remineralization is inadequate, and the mechanical robustness of the newly established mineral layer fails to match the inherent strength. In this study, a biomimetic mineralization strategy aimed at replicating key events in biological mineralization, specifically focusing on the organic–inorganic composite matrix, is proposed. The material utilizes Tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), which serves a dual role: stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) (ACP@TCEP) nanoparticles as its inorganic component, and catalyzing the cleavage of intramolecular disulfide bonds in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) grafted lysozyme (lyso‐PEG) to facilitate the formation of an amyloid‐like protein matrix composite with ACP (ACP@lyso‐PEG nanocomplexes). ACP@lyso‐PEG nanocomplexes can rapidly and efficiently form an enamel‐like remineralization layer on the surface of damaged dental hard tissue, reaching ≈4.205 µm thickness after 3 days of acid‐etched enamel. Furthermore, achieving a depth of DTs occlusion exceeding 60 µm after 5 days, using a simple immersion process. The resulting mineralized layer exhibits mechanical strength comparable to natural teeth. This study introduces a conceptual biomimetic mineralization strategy for effective enamel repair or DTs occlusion in clinical practices, and offers potential insights into the mechanisms of biomineral formation.
Underwater Scattering Exceptional Point by Metasurface with Fluid‐Solid Interaction
Authors: Zhou Hong‐Tao , Jiang Mu , Zhu Jia‐Hui , Li Yong , Li Qiaojiao , Wang Yan‐Feng , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Wang Yue‐Sheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExceptional point (EP), a special degeneracy in non‐Hermitian systems, has exhibited various distinctive wave characteristics. However, the conventional synthesis of scattering EPs in acoustics is confined to rather limited methods for breaking Hermiticity, typically requiring intrinsic losses or open interfaces. Here, the concept of synthesizing scattering EPs is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated by leveraging a metasurface with fluid‐solid interaction (FSI) in water. The incorporation of FSI offers a novel mechanism to customize natural radiation losses. Simulations and experiments consistently confirm that synthesized EPs result in extremely asymmetric scattering patterns, even in the case of spatially impenetrable metasurfaces. This enhanced spatial symmetry breaking benefits from the FSI on the interface and the nonlocal interaction between unit cells. The proposed non‐Hermitian framework, involving the interplay of sound in fluids and solids, is expected to open up new possibilities for exploring unique non‐Hermitian physics and underwater acoustic applications.
Overcoming Phase Segregation in Wide‐Bandgap Perovskites: from Progress to Perspective
Authors: Fang Zhimin , Nie Ting , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Ding Jianning 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are recognized as promising candidates for diversified photovoltaics (PVs), such as tandem devices, indoor PVs, and semitransparent building‐integrated PVs. However, these WBG perovskites made from a mixed‐halides strategy suffer from severe phase segregation under continuous illumination, leading to exacerbated non‐radiative recombination, and consequently decreased open‐circuit voltage and efficiency. In this review, the generation and reversal processes of phase segregation in WBG perovskites are meticulously introduced. Additionally, the major characterization techniques for phase segregation are presented. A detailed summary of recent progress in enhancing photostability of WBG PSCs through various strategies is provided. These strategies primarily concentrate on composition regulation, crystallization modulation, inhibition of ion migration, and strain regulation. Finally, perspectives and potential directions are carefully discussed to promote the further development of high‐efficiency and photostable WBG PSCs.