bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of islet cell antibodies in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium: efforts to harmonize procedures among the laboratories
Authors: Bingley Polly J , Williams Alistair JK , Colman Peter G , Gellert Shane A , Eisenbarth George , Yu Liping , Perdue Letitia H , Pierce June J , Hilner Joan E , Nierras Concepcion , Akolkar Beena , Steffes Michael W ,   T1DGC
Published: August 2010

Background and Purpose Three network laboratories measured antibodies to islet autoantigens. Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 [GADA]) and the intracellular portion of protein tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2ic [IA-2A]) were measured by similar, but not identical, methods in samples from participants in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC). Methods All laboratories used radiobinding assays to detect antibodies to in vitro transcribed and translated antigen, but with different local standards, calibrated against the World Health Organization (WHO) reference reagent. Using a common method to calculate WHO units/mL, we compared results reported on samples included in the Diabetes Autoantibody Standardization Program (DASP), and developed standard methods for reporting in WHO units/mL. We evaluated intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) in blind duplicate samples and assay comparability in four DASP workshops. Results Values were linearly related in the three laboratories for both GADA and IA-2A, and intra-assay technical errors for values within the standard curve were below 13% for GADA and below 8.5% for IA-2A. Correlations in samples tested 1—2 years apart were >97%. Over the course of the study, internal CVs were 10—20% with one exception, and the laboratories concordantly called samples GADA or IA-2A positive or negative in 96.7% and 99.6% of duplicates within the standard curve. Despite acceptable CVs and general concordance in ranking samples, the laboratories differed markedly in absolute values for GADA and IA-2A reported in WHO units/mL in DASP over a large range of values. Limitations With three laboratories using different assay methods (including calibrators), consistent values among them could not be attained. Conclusions Modifications in the assays are needed to improve comparability of results expressed as WHO units/mL across laboratories. It will be essential to retain high intra- and inter-assay precision, sensitivity and specificity and to confirm the accuracy of harmonized methods. Clinical Trials 2010; 7: S56—S64. http:// ctj.sagepub.com
Randomized study of induction therapy comparing standard-dose idarubicin with high-dose daunorubicin in adult patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia: the JALSG AML201 Study
Authors: Ohtake Shigeki , Miyawaki Shuichi , Fujita Hiroyuki , Kiyoi Hitoshi , Shinagawa Katsuji , Usui Noriko , Okumura Hirokazu , Miyamura Koichi , Nakaseko Chiaki , Miyazaki Yasushi , Fujieda Atsushi , Nagai Tadashi , Yamane Takahisa , Taniwaki Masafumi , Takahashi Masatomo , Yagasaki Fumiharu , Kimura Yukihiko , Asou Norio , Sakamaki Hisashi , Handa Hiroshi , Honda Sumihisa , Ohnishi Kazunori , Naoe Tomoki , Ohno Ryuzo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe conducted a multi-institutional randomized study to determine whether high-dose daunorubicin would be as effective as standard-dose idarubicin in remission-induction therapy for newly diagnosed adult patients younger than 65 years of age with acute myeloid leukemia. Of 1064 patients registered, 1057 were evaluable. They were randomly assigned to receive either daunorubicin (50 mg/m2 daily for 5 days) or idarubicin (12 mg/m2 daily for 3 days) in combination with 100 mg/m2 of cytarabine by continuous infusion daily for 7 days as induction therapy. Complete remission was achieved in 407 (77.5%) of 525 patients in the daunorubicin group and 416 (78.2%) of 532 in the idarubicin group (P = .79). Patients achieving complete remission received intensive postremission therapy that consisted of either 3 courses of high-dose cytarabine or 4 courses of standard-dose therapy. Overall survival rates at 5 years were 48% for the daunorubicin group and 48% for the idarubicin group (P = .54), and relapse-free survival rates at 5 years were 41% and 41% (P = .97), respectively. Thus, high-dose daunorubicin and standard-dose idarubicin were equally effective for the treatment of adult acute myeloid leukemia, achieving a high rate of complete remission and good long-term efficacy. This study is registered at http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctrj/ as C000000157.
Evidence of dysregulation of dendritic cells in primary HIV infection
Authors: Sabado Rachel Lubong , O'Brien Meagan , Subedi Abhignya , Qin Li , Hu Nan , Taylor Elizabeth , Dibben Oliver , Stacey Andrea , Fellay Jacques , Shianna Kevin V. , Siegal Frederick , Shodell Michael , Shah Kokila , Larsson Marie , Lifson Jeffrey , Nadas Arthur , Marmor Michael , Hutt Richard , Margolis David , Garmon Donald , Markowitz Martin , Valentine Fred , Borrow Persephone , Bhardwaj Nina 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMyeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) are important mediators of both innate and adaptive immunity against pathogens such as HIV. During the course of HIV infection, blood DC numbers fall substantially. In the present study, we sought to determine how early in HIV infection the reduction occurs and whether the remaining DC subsets maintain functional capacity. We find that both myeloid DC and plasmacytoid DC levels decline very early during acute HIV in-fection. Despite the initial reduction in numbers, those DCs that remain in circulation retain their function and are able to stimulate allogeneic T-cell responses, and up-regulate maturation markers plus produce cytokines/chemokines in response to stimulation with TLR7/8 agonists. Notably, DCs from HIV-infected subjects produced significantly higher levels of cytokines/chemokines in response to stimulation with TLR7/8 agonists than DCs from uninfected controls. Further examination of gene expression profiles indicated in vivo activation, either directly or indirectly, of DCs during HIV infection. Taken together, our data demonstrate that despite the reduction in circulating DC numbers, those that remain in the blood display hyperfunctionality and implicates a possible role for DCs in promoting chronic immune activation.
A comparative study of two-versusone-lung ventilation for needlescopic bleb resection
Authors: Kim H. , Kim H.K. , Kang D-Y. , Lee D-K. , Choi Y.H. , Lim S.H. 
Published: August 2010

This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of two-lung (TL) ventilation with low tidal volume anaesthesia compared with one-lung (OL) ventilation for needlescopic bleb resection.Patients with spontaneous pneumothorax that underwent bleb resection with a 2-mm thoracoscope were enrolled. During the operation, the tidal volume was set at 4.0 mL·kg−1in the TL group and 8.0 mL·kg−1in the OL group; the respiration rate was set at 23 and 12 breaths·min−1, respectively, at the same inspiratory oxygen fraction (50%).A total of 108 patients (55 patients in the TL group and 53 in the OL group) were included in this study. Airway pressure was significantly lower in the TL group (mean±sd8.0±3.3versus24.0±3.9 mmHg in the OL group; p<0.001). The time from endotracheal intubation to the incision was 17.1±4.0 min in the TL group and 35.3±7.6 min in the OL group, which was significantly different (p<0.001). However, the operation time was not different in comparisons between the two groups. Therefore, the total anaesthesia time was significantly longer in the OL group (77.9±21.6versus64.9±14.7 min in the TL group; p = 0.002).Needlescopic bleb resection using TL ventilation anaesthesia with low tidal volume was technically feasible, cost-effective and time-saving compared with OL ventilation anaesthesia.
Pulmonary hypertension in smoking mice over-expressing protease-activated receptor-2
Authors: De Cunto G. , Cardini S. , Cirino G. , Geppetti P. , Lungarella G. , Lucattelli M. 
Published: August 2010

The mechanism(s) involved in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in COPD is still the object of investigation. Cigarette smoke (CS) may lead to remodelling of intrapulmonary vessels and dynamic changes in vascular function, at least in some smokers. A role for proteases in PH has been recently put forward.We investigated, in smoking mice, the role of protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 in the pathogenesis of PH associated with emphysema.We demonstrated that CS exposure can modulate PAR-2 expression in mouse lung. Acute CS exposure induces in wildtype (WT) and in transgenic mice over-expressing PAR-2 (FVBPAR−2-TgN) a similar degree of neutrophil influx in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. After chronic CS exposure WT and FVBPAR−2-TgNmice show emphysema, but only transgenic mice develop muscularisation of small intrapulmonary vessels that precedes the development of PH (∼45% increase) and right ventricular hypertrophy. Smoking in FVBPAR−2-TgNmice results in an imbalance between vasoconstrictors (especially endothelin-1) and vasodilators (i.e.vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and inducible nitric oxide synthase) and enhanced production of growth factors involved both in fibroblast-smooth muscle cell transaction (i.e.platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor β) and vascular cell proliferation (PDGF).PAR-2 signalling can influence the production and release of many factors, which may play a role in the development of PH in smokers.
A noninvasive algorithm to exclude pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Bonderman D. , Wexberg P. , Martischnig A.M. , Heinzl H. , Lang M-B. , Sadushi R. , Skoro-Sajer N. , Lang I.M. 
Published: August 2010

Current guidelines recommend right heart catheterisation (RHC) in symptomatic patients at risk of pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) with echocardiographic systolic pulmonary artery pressures ≥36 mmHg. Growing awareness for PH, a high prevalence of post-capillary PH and the inability to distinguish between pre- and post-capillary PH by echocardiography have led to unnecessary RHCs. The aim of our study was to assess whether standard noninvasive diagnostic procedures are able to safely exclude pre-capillary PH.Data from 251 patients referred for suspicion of pre-capillary PH were used to develop a noninvasive diagnostic decision tree. A prospectively collected data set of 121 consecutive patients was utilised for temporal validation.According to the decision tree, patients were stratified by the presence or absence of an electrocardiographic right ventricular strain pattern (RVS) and serum N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels below and above 80 pg·mL−1. In the absence of RVS and elevated NT-proBNP, none of the patients in the prospective validation cohort were diagnosed with pre-capillary PH by RHC. Combining echocardiography with the diagnostic algorithm increased specificity to 19.3% (p = 0.0009), while sensitivity remained at 100%.Employing ECG and NT-proBNP on top of echocardiography helps recognise one false positive case per five patients referred with dyspnoea and echocardiographic suspicion of PH, while not missing true pre-capillary PH.
Association between human rhinovirus C and severity of acute asthma in children
Authors: Bizzintino J. , Lee W-M. , Laing I.A. , Vang F. , Pappas T. , Zhang G. , Martin A.C. , Khoo S-K. , Cox D.W. , Geelhoed G.C. , McMinn P.C. , Goldblatt J. , Gern J.E. , Le Souëf P.N. 
Published: August 2010

A new and potentially more pathogenic group of human rhinovirus (HRV), group C (HRVC), has recently been discovered. We hypothesised that HRVC would be present in children with acute asthma and cause more severe attacks than other viruses or HRV groups.Children with acute asthma (n = 128; age 2–16 yrs) were recruited on presentation to an emergency department. Asthma exacerbation severity was assessed, and respiratory viruses and HRV strains were identified in a nasal aspirate.The majority of the children studied had moderate-to-severe asthma (85.2%) and 98.9% were admitted to hospital. HRV was detected in 87.5% and other respiratory viruses in 14.8% of children, most of whom also had HRV. HRVC was present in the majority of children with acute asthma (59.4%) and associated with more severe asthma. Children with HRVC (n = 76) had higher asthma severity scores than children whose HRV infection was HRVA or HRVB only (n = 34; p = 0.018), and all other children (n = 50; p = 0.016). Of the 19 children with a non-HRV virus, 13 had HRV co-infections, seven of these being HRVC.HRVC accounts for the majority of asthma attacks in children presenting to hospital and causes more severe attacks than previously known HRV groups and other viruses.
Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell therapy attenuates silica-induced lung fibrosis
Authors: Maron-Gutierrez T. , Castiglione R.C. , Xisto D.G. , Oliveira M.G. , Cruz F.F. , Peçanha R. , Carreira-Junior H. , Ornellas D.S. , Moraes M.O. , Takiya C.M. , Rocco P.R.M. , Morales M.M. 
Published: August 2010

This study tests the hypothesis that bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BMDMC) therapy may reduce lung inflammation and fibrosis leading to an improvement in respiratory mechanics in a murine model of silicosis.52 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four groups. In the silica group (SIL), silica suspension (20 mg/50 μL in saline) was intratracheally instilled. In the control animals, 50 μL saline was administered intratracheally. At 1 h, the control and SIL groups were further randomised, receiving BMDMC (2×106i.v.control–cell and SIL–cell) or saline (50 μLi.v.control and SIL). BMDMC were obtained from male donor mice. At day 15, lung mechanics, histology, and the presence of Y chromosome, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1α, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN), IL-1 receptor type 1, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and caspase-3 mRNA expressions in lung tissue were analysed.In the SIL–cell group, the fraction area of granuloma, the number of macrophages and the collagen fibre content were reduced, yielding improved lung mechanics. The presence of male donor cells in lung tissue was not confirmed using detection of Y chromosome DNA. Nevertheless, caspase-3, IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-1RN and TGF-β mRNA expression diminished after cell therapy.In conclusion, BMDMC acted on inflammatory and fibrogenic processes improving lung function through paracrine effects.
PeakAnalyzer: Genome-wide annotation of chromatin binding and modification loci
Authors: Salmon-Divon Mali , Dvinge Heidi , Tammoja Kairi , Bertone Paul 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundFunctional genomic studies involving high-throughput sequencing and tiling array applications, such as ChIP-seq and ChIP-chip, generate large numbers of experimentally-derived signal peaks across the genome under study. In analyzing these loci to determine their potential regulatory functions, areas of signal enrichment must be considered relative to proximal genes and regulatory elements annotated throughout the target genome Regions of chromatin association by transcriptional regulators should be distinguished as individual binding sites in order to enhance downstream analyses, such as the identification of known and novel consensus motifs.ResultsPeakAnalyzer is a set of high-performance utilities for the automated processing of experimentally-derived peak regions and annotation of genomic loci. The programs can accurately subdivide multimodal regions of signal enrichment into distinct subpeaks corresponding to binding sites or chromatin modifications, retrieve genomic sequences encompassing the computed subpeak summits, and identify positional features of interest such as intersection with exon/intron gene components, proximity to up- or downstream transcriptional start sites andcis-regulatory elements. The software can be configured to run either as a pipeline component for high-throughput analyses, or as a cross-platform desktop application with an intuitive user interface.ConclusionsPeakAnalyzer comprises a number of utilities essential for ChIP-seq and ChIP-chip data analysis. High-performance implementations are provided for Unix pipeline integration along with a GUI version for interactive use. Source code in C++ and Java is provided, as are native binaries for Linux, Mac OS X and Windows systems.
Primary psoas abscess extending to thigh adductors: case report
Authors: Zhou Zhongjie , Song Yueming , Cai Qianyun , Zeng Jiancheng 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Psoas abscess is a rare condition consisting of pyomyositis of the psoas. The worldwide incidence was 12 cases per 100,000 per year in 1992, but the current incidence is unknown. Psoas abscess can descend along the psoas sheath and reach the inner upper third of the thigh, but only infrequently does it penetrate the sheath and involve the thigh adductors. Because of insidious clinical presentation, the diagnosis of psoas abscess is a challenge. Delayed diagnosis can result in poor prognosis.

Case presentation
A 45-year-old male with no significant past medical history presented with pain in the left thigh, and limitation of movement at the left hip and knee joint for one month. Ultrasound, CT, and MRI revealed a liquid mass in the left psoas. Percutaneous drainage of this mass yielded 300 ml pus from the psoas. After surgery, the patient reported relief of pain; however, ten days after removal of the drainage tube, the patient complained of persistent pain in his left thigh. CT revealed that the psoas abscess had extended inferiorly, and involved the entire set of adductors of the left thigh. Open surgical drainage was performed at the flank and at the thigh, yielding 350 ml of pus from the thigh. After open drainage and adequate antibiotic therapy, the patient made a good recovery. Follow-up CT confirmed complete resolution of the abscess.

Conclusions
Large psoas abscess can penetrate the psoas sheath, and descend to thigh adductors even after percutaneous drainage. Appropriate treatment includes open surgical drainage along with antibiotic therapy.
Acyclovir inhibition of IDO to decrease Tregs as a glioblastoma treatment adjunct
Authors: Söderlund Johan , Erhardt Sophie , Kast Richard E 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Regulatory T cells, Tregs, are a subset of lymphocytes that have immunosuppressive attributes. They are elevated in blood of glioblastoma patients and within this tumor's tissue itself. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, IDO, converts tryptophan to kynurenine. IDO activity enhances Treg formation by pathways that are unknown. Experimentally, inhibition of IDO decreases Treg function and number in rodents. The common anti-viral agent acyclovir inhibits IDO. Acyclovir may thereby decrease Treg function in glioblastoma. If it can be confirmed that Treg counts are elevated in glioblastoma patients' tumor tissue, and if we can document acyclovir's lowering of tissue Treg counts by a small trial of acyclovir in pre-operative glioblastoma patients, a trial of acyclovir effect on survival should be done given the current poor prognosis of glioblastoma and the well-established safety and low side effect burden of acyclovir.
Subchronic oral toxicity of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Yong Soon , Song Moon Yong , Park Jung Duck , Song Kyung Seuk , Ryu Hyeon Ryol , Chung Yong Hyun , Chang Hee Kyung , Lee Ji Hyun , Oh Kyung Hui , Kelman Bruce J , Hwang In Koo , Yu Il Je 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
The antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles has resulted in their extensive application in health, electronic, consumer, medicinal, pesticide, and home products; however, silver nanoparticles remain a controversial area of research with respect to their toxicity in biological and ecological systems.

Results
This study tested the oral toxicity of silver nanoparticles (56 nm) over a period of 13 weeks (90 days) in F344 rats following Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guideline 408 and Good Laboratory Practices (GLP). Five-week-old rats, weighing about 99 g for the males and 92 g for the females, were divided into four 4 groups (10 rats in each group): vehicle control, low-dose (30 mg/kg), middle-dose (125 mg/kg), and high-dose (500 mg/kg). After 90 days of exposure, clinical chemistry, hematology, histopathology, and silver distribution were studied. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the body weight of male rats after 4 weeks of exposure, although there were no significant changes in food or water consumption during the study period. Significant dose-dependent changes were found in alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol for the male and female rats, indicating that exposure to more than 125 mg/kg of silver nanoparticles may result in slight liver damage. Histopathologic examination revealed a higher incidence of bile-duct hyperplasia, with or without necrosis, fibrosis, and/or pigmentation, in treated animals. There was also a dose-dependent accumulation of silver in all tissues examined. A gender-related difference in the accumulation of silver was noted in the kidneys, with a twofold increase in female kidneys compared to male kidneys.

Conclusions
The target organ for the silver nanoparticles was found to be the liver in both the male and female rats. A NOAEL (no observable adverse effect level) of 30 mg/kg and LOAEL (lowest observable adverse effect level) of 125 mg/kg are suggested from the present study.
HSP70: a promising target for laryngeal carcinoma radiaotherapy by inhibiting cleavage and degradation of nucleolin
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Kangkai , Zhang Xin , Qiu Yuanzheng , Huang Donghai , Li Wei , Xiao Xianzhong , Tian Yongquan 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that heat shock proteins (HSPs) were upregulated in various types of tumors and were associated with histological grade, recurrence and metastasis of malignant tumors. In this study, we investigated whether heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70) was associated with histological grade of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC). We also determine the role of HSP70 in LSCC radiation resistance using a laryngeal carcinoma xenograft model by antisense HSP70 RNA technique. Immunohistochemistry data showed that HSP70 was detected in 96% of LSCC tissues (48 out of 50). The expression level of HSP70 was significantly lower in early stage of LSCC than that in late stage (P = 0.015). Radiation treatment result showed that the volumes and weights of implantation tumors in the group injected with antisense HSP70 oligos were significantly reduced comparing to the group injected with random oligos(p < 0.05). In addition, cleavage and degradation of tumor nucleolin in antisense HSP70 oligos injection group was significantly higher than that in random oligos injection group. Our result suggested that HSP70 may play a role in LSCC radiotherapy resistance by inhibiting cleavage and degradation of nucleolin.