bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid–structure interaction modeling of upper airways before and after nasal surgery for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Jie , Liu Yingxi , Yu Shen , Sun Xiuzhen , Li Shouju , Shen Shuang , Zhao Wei 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYNasal obstruction frequently has been associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Although correction of an obstructed nasal airway is considered an important component in OSA treatment, the effect of nasal surgery on OSA remains controversial. Variation in airway anatomy between before and after nasal surgery may cause significant differences in airflow patterns within the upper airway. In this paper, anatomically accurate models of the interaction between upper airway and soft palate were developed from prenasal and post‐nasal surgery multidetector computed tomography data of a patient with OSA and nasal obstruction. Computational modeling for inspiration and expiration was performed by using fluid–structure interaction method. The airflow characteristics such as velocity, turbulence intensity and pressure drop, and displacement distribution of soft palate are selected for comparison. Airway resistances significantly decrease after the nasal surgery, especially in the velopharynx region because of an enlarged pharyngeal cavity and a reduced upstream resistance. Meanwhile, the decreased aerodynamic force would result in a smaller displacement of soft palates, which would lead to slight impact of the soft palate motion on the airflow characteristics. The present results suggest that airflow distribution in the whole upper airway and soft palate motions have improved following nasal surgery. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conjugation‐Promoted Reaction of Open‐Cage Fullerene: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Guo Yong , Yan Jingjing , Khashab Niveen M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDensity functional theory calculations are performed to study the addition mechanism of e‐rich moieties such as triethyl phosphite to a carbonyl group on the rim of a fullerene orifice. Three possible reaction channels have been investigated. The obtained results show that the reaction of a carbonyl group on a fullerene orifice with triethyl phosphite most likely proceeds along the classical Abramov reaction; however, the classical product is not stable and is converted into the experimental product. An attack on a fullerene carbonyl carbon will trigger a rearrangement of the phosphate group to the carbonyl oxygen as the conversion transition state is stabilized by fullerene conjugation. This work provides a new insight on the reactivity of open‐cage fullerenes, which may prove helpful in designing new switchable fullerene systems.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 2/12
Authors: Tsakiri Niki , Papadopoulos Dimitrios , Denis Maria C. , Mitsikostas Dimos‐Dimitrios , Kollias George 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe cover is based on a spinal cord histology section taken from a TNFR2−/− mouse adoptively transferred with TNFR2−/− Treg cells prior to immunization with MOG35–55 to induce EAE. The section is stained with Luxol Fast blue to detect demyelination; Luxol Fast Red, which detects inflammatory infiltration, is the counterstain. The image is taken from the article by Tsakiri et al. (pp. 403–412) in which it is shown that TNFR2 on non‐haematopoietic cells is necessary for Treg‐cell suppressive activity and repression of EAE development. The colour of the image has been digitally altered for the cover.
A One‐Pot Three‐Step Synthesis of Z‐Trisubstituted Olefins from Arylalkynes and Their Cyclization into 4‐Aryl‐2H‐chromenes
Authors: Rasolofonjatovo Evelia , Tréguier Bret , Provot Olivier , Hamze Abdallah , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouâd 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRapid and versatile access to (Z)‐trisubstituted olefins 2 and their cyclization into 4‐aryl‐2H‐chromenes 1 starting fromarylalkynes 3 is described. In a one‐pot fashion, alkynes 3 were first hydrated, then transformed into N‐tosylhydrazones, and finally coupled with ortho‐substituted aryl halides under palladium catalysis to give trisubstituted olefins 2 in good yields and very high to total Z selectivity. 1,1‐Diarylolefins 2 having an ortho‐OMOM (methoxymethoxy) substituent underwent rapid cyclization in the presence of p‐toluensulfonic acid to give a variety of 4‐aryl‐2H‐chromenes in good to excellent yields. This methodology was also successfully applied to the preparation of 5‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzo[b]oxepine 4 from the required arylbutynol 3b.
HOW PUZZLING IS THE PPP PUZZLE? AN ALTERNATIVE HALF‐LIFE MEASURE OF CONVERGENCE TO PPP
Authors: Chortareas Georgios , Kapetanios George 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYEvidence of lengthy half‐lives for real exchange rates in the presence of a high degree of exchange rate volatility has been considered as one of the most puzzling empirical regularities in international macroeconomics. This paper suggests that the measure of half‐life used in the literature might be problematic and proposes alternative measures with desirable properties. Their focus on the cumulative effects of the shocks distinguishes them from the measures used in the literature. An empirical analysis of bilateral US dollar real exchange rates employing the alternative half‐life measure produces results consistent with theory and indicates that the PPP puzzle is less pronounced than initially thought. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electric pulses augment reporter gene expression in the beating heart
Authors: Eigeldinger‐Berthou Sylvie , Buntschu Patrick , Flück Martin , Frobert Aurélien , Ferrié Céline , Carrel Thierry P. , Tevaearai Hendrik T. , Kadner Alexander 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundGene therapy of the heart has been attempted in a number of clinical trials with the injection of naked DNA, although quantitative information on myocellular transfection rates is not available. The present study aimed to quantify the efficacy of electropulsing protocols that differ in pulse duration and number to stimulate transfection of cardiomyocytes and to determine the impact on myocardial integrity.MethodsReporter plasmid for constitutive expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was injected into the left ventricle of beating hearts of adult, male Lewis rats. Four electrotransfer protocols consisting of repeated long pulses (8 × 20 ms), trains of short pulses (eight trains of either 60 or 80 × 100 µs) or their combination were compared with control procedures concerning the degree of GFP expression and the effect on infiltration, fibrosis and apoptosis.ResultsAll tested protocols produced GFP expression at the site of plasmid injection. Continuous pulses were most effective and increased the number of GFP‐positive cardiomyocytes by more than 300‐fold compared to plasmid injection alone (p < 0.05). Concomitantly, the incidence of macrophage infiltration, fibrosis and cell death was increased. Trains of short pulses reduced macrophage infiltration and fibrosis by four‐ and two‐fold, respectively, although they were 20‐fold less efficient in stimulating cardiomyocyte transfection. GFP expression co‐related to delivered electric energy, infiltration and fibrosis, although not apoptosis.ConclusionsThe data imply that electropulsing of the myocardium promotes the overexpression of exogenous protein in mature cardiomyocytes in relation to an injury component. Fractionation of pulses is indicated as a option for sophisticated gene therapeutic approaches to the heart. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of bowel peristalsis by dynamic cine MRI: Detection of relevant functional disturbances—initial experience
Authors: Heye Tobias , Stein Daniel , Antolovic Dalibor , Dueck Margret , Kauczor Hans‐Ulrich , Hosch Waldemar 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the diagnostic performance of a cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence in the visualization and detection of impaired bowel peristalsis.Materials and Methods:In all, 91 consecutive patients (mean age 45 years) were prospectively examined on a 1.5 T system and stratified into a surgery group (n = 22) and a nonsurgery group (n = 69). A coronal fast imaging with steady‐state precession (TrueFISP) sequence with 30 acquisitions per slice covered the abdomen in 10–15 slices each 7–12 mm thick (temporal resolution: 6–8 sec per frame). Image evaluation for reduced bowel peristalsis and relevant bowel stenosis was compared to surgical findings or clinical follow‐up.Results:Cine MRI reached 96% accuracy (94% sensitivity; 100% specificity) in detecting a relevant reduction in bowel peristalsis and 85% of relevant stenosis was identified in the surgery group. Twenty of 69 patients of the nonsurgery group showed reduced peristalsis on cine MR which was attributed to underlying disease; 49/69 patients in this group had no findings on cine MR and were uneventfully followed up.Conclusion:Cine MRI of the bowel provides functional information of bowel passage. The visualization of a reduction in peristalsis may improve the assessment of the functional impact of suspected bowel adhesions or stenosis. Standard bowel MR protocols can be easily complemented by cine MR, extending scan time by <4 minutes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:859–867. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electronic nose application for determination of Penicillium digitatum in Valencia oranges
Authors: Pallottino Federico , Costa Corrado , Antonucci Francesca , Strano Maria Concetta , Calandra Mariarosaria , Solaini Silvia , Menesatti Paolo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum are responsible for one the most serious diseases occurring during storage of citrus fruits. Its early detection allows a relevant increase in shelf life, and in situ monitoring of fungal infections represents a very efficient tool to improve storage quality. In the case of metabolic alterations due to physiological or fungal pathologies, olfactometric analysis allows the detection of specific volatile biomarkers, thus providing an effective tool for postharvest quality control of fruits and vegetables.RESULTS: A total of 300 Valencia oranges were analysed with an electronic nose and results were screened by a multivariate classification technique, partial least squares discriminant analysis, in order to investigate whether the electronic nose could distinguish between Penicillium‐infected and non‐infected samples and to evaluate the efficiency of the group classifications. High percentages of correct classification were obtained at low levels of infection (100% for 2–5% infection in an independent test).CONCLUSION: The electronic nose may be successfully applied as a reliable, non‐destructive and non‐contact indirect technology for the identification of fungal strains in storage rooms, especially when the infection occurs in small percentages that are not easily identifiable by classic methodologies of inspection. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Correlation of structure and properties of groups I to III base oils
Authors: Sarpal A. S. , Sastry M. I. S. , Bansal V. , Singh Inder , Mazumdar S. K. , Basu B. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe understanding of the relationship between molecular structure and viscosity–temperature behaviour of a lubricant system is a subject of considerable importance. The quantitative distribution and types of different classes of hydrocarbons such as aromatics, paraffins (normal and iso) and naphthenes determine the physico‐chemical behaviour of a lubricant system. The study of molecular structure and molecular alignment of hydrocarbons constituting a lubricant helps in the development of lubricating oil with desired physico‐chemical properties.The present study highlights the application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic technique for deriving detailed hydrocarbon structural features present in API groups II and III base oils produced through catalytic hydrocracking/isodewaxing processes. The viscosity–temperature and viscosity–pressure properties, such as viscosity index, pour point, elastohydrodynamic film thickness and cold cranking simulator viscosity, were determined. The structural features of these base oils such as various methyl branched structures of isoparaffins and branching index, which are characteristics of high performance molecules, were correlated with the above‐mentioned properties to explain their physico‐chemical properties, particularly low temperature properties. The molecular dynamics parameters such as diffusion coefficient and T1 relaxation times estimated from the nuclear magnetic resonance spectral studies have provided sufficient evidence for the dependence of these properties on these high performance molecules present in various types of methyl structures of isoparaffins of groups II and III base oils compared with conventional group I base oils. Results are explained on the basis of molecular structural differences of hydrocarbons present in these base oils and diffusion measurement studies. On the basis of the studies, molecular engineering concept for the designing of a high performance base oil molecule is proposed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integration of loop and slot antennas into one‐piece metal plate for concurrent 2.4‐ and 5‐GHz wireless local area network operation
Authors: Su Saou‐Wen 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA compact, one‐piece, metal‐plate, multiple antenna system capable of generating concurrent 2.4‐ and 5‐GHz bands with directional radiation patterns for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications is presented.The design is obtained by integrating two loop and two slot antennas arranged sequentially along a rectangular antenna ground into a single flat plate with overall size of 3 × 75 × 75 mm3. The ground plane in this design not only acts like a reflector for the 2.4 GHz loops but also provides the 5 GHz slots an efficient finite ground to properly excite the antenna. With a simple structure, compact size, and good radiation characteristics, the antenna is easy to fabricate and suitable for applications in WLAN access points. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:815–820, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26624
Quasi‐lumped approach of suspended stripline BPF with zero implantation and cross coupling feed
Authors: Ho Min‐Hua , Chen Po‐Fan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe bandpass filter of suspended stripline design using the quasi‐lumped approach is presented in this letter. An equivalent circuit model of LC lumped elements is developed to analyze the proposed filter. The LC circuit model is optimized and validated by the HFSS simulation. The cross‐coupling feed design together with zero implantation structure are used in the filter to create the transmission zeros by the passband for signal selectivity enhancement. The proposed filter has achieved the benefits of size compactness, extremely low insertion losses, low dispersion, and high immunity to environmental noise interference. Experiment is conducted to validate the proposed bandpass filter's design. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:632–634, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26632
High‐gain multilayered disk array structure excited by stacked microstrip patches
Authors: Eom Soon‐Young , Kim Seong‐Keun , Hong Ic‐Pyo , Yook Jong‐Gwan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article investigates the use of a multilayered disk array structure (MDAS) on a linearly polarized stacked microstrip patch exciter to increase antenna element gain. MDAS plays the role of directors and improves antenna gain. The parametric studies of MDAS are made through computer simulations at 10 GHz and it is found that the gain improvement is dominantly effected by overall height of MDAS. The antenna prototype of MDAS with center metal‐rods was fabricated and its electrical performances were measured. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:768–770, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26638
Implementation of the thin‐wire approximation for estimating the characteristics of a metallic reinforcement bar embedded into a concrete column with circular cross section
Authors: Valagiannopoulos C. , Bimpas M. , Uzunoglu N. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA cylindrical concrete column with armature solely comprised of an arbitrarily placed, steel reinforcing bar, has been considered.The upright structure is investigated under plane wave excitation and a simplified solution is obtained based on the assumption that the size of the metallic rod is electrically small. Inversion of the derived expressions with respect to the characteristics of the bar, formulates a new nondestructive technique whose performance is satisfying. The prediction error of the proposed method is represented as function of the problem parameters in various graphs which are commented and discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:761–767, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26639
Small size tuneable printed F‐slot antenna for mobile handset applications
Authors: Elfergani I. T. E. , Abd‐Alhameed R. A. , See C. H. , Sadeghpour T. , Noras J. M. , Jones S. M. R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this article, a compact tuneable F‐slot monopole antenna for mobile handset applications, covering the DCS, PCS, and UMTS frequency bands, is presented and studied. An F‐shaped slot is embedded in a rectangular monopole patch to accommodate the varactor. The tuning is accomplished by applying a lumped capacitor (varactor) across the slot arms of the patch. By varying the capacitance values of loaded capacitor from 0.5 to 3 pF, the antenna is capable of achieving high tuning ranges from 1.70 to 2.15 GHz. The antenna performance is characterized in terms of the reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, and power gain. The predicted and measured results show fairly good agreement and confirm satisfactory impedance bandwidth characteristics and consistent radiation patterns over the tuned frequency range. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:794–802, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26649
Dual‐band bandpass filters using coupled fork‐shaped resonators with controllable fractional bandwidths
Authors: Kim Chan Ho , Chang Kai 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article presents a novel dual‐band bandpass filter with controllable fractional bandwidths for the upper passband.Two open‐circuited stubs are attached to the center of a stepped impedance resonator to form a fork‐shaped resonator. As one port of this resonator is on the ground plane for an odd‐mode equivalent circuit, the variations of resonant frequencies are analyzed just for an even‐mode excitation. From the analyses, three tentative resonant frequencies are decided, and then the dimensions of the resonators are optimized. For coupled resonators, by optimizing the overlapped lengths of outside‐ and center‐open stubs, the desired center frequencies of the dual passbands and the tunable characteristics of the upper passband are obtained, respectively. The measured results of the proposed dual‐band filters on three stages are confirmed with the simulated results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:722–725, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26653
The tunable dispersion based on side‐polished fiber bragg gratings
Authors: Sun Hai‐Tao , Chang En‐Chiang , Sheng Hao‐Jan , Chen Chih‐Chiang , Liu Wen‐Fung 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe tunable‐dispersion characteristics of a side‐polished fiber Bragg grating (FBG) encapsulated in a polymer‐half‐filled metal cylinder are investigated at different pressures exerted on polymer.The related group velocity delay, chromatic dispersion, and polarization dispersion of the reflection bandwidth of side‐polished FBG are measured and analyzed for applications in optical communication systems. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:681–684, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26655
Novel tri‐band antenna end‐loaded with Koch fractal loops
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , Luo Yong , You Baiqiang , Yan X. J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA novel tri‐band antenna end‐loaded with Koch fractal loops and was designed for radio frequency identification (RFID) applications, based on FR4 substrate. Before and after introducing a mirror array and meander‐line structure, the proposed antenna was simulated and investigated. The results show that great improvements have been reached, including the return loss decreased to about 56 dB and the bandwidth increased to 420 MHz at 2490 MHz, with the miniaturized size. With a prototype fabrication, we also verified good performance of the optimized antenna through the comparison analysis of measurement and simulation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:620–623, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26657
Group delay swing enhancement in transmission‐line all‐pass networks using coupling and dispersion boosting ferrimagnetic substrate
Authors: Gupta Shulabh , Carignan Louis‐Philippe , Caloz Christophe 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe principle of group delay swing enhancement in a transmission‐line all‐pass network using the combined coupling and dispersion boosting properties of a ferromagnetic substrate is proposed; full‐wave verified and experimentally demonstrated using ferrite substrates as a proof of concept. The proposed group delay swing enhanced structures are compact in size, exhibiting a larger dispersion per unit area compared with other alternative techniques for dispersion enhancement, and a magnetically tunable group delay swing. The proposal to suppress the requirement of an external magnet is discussed based on self‐biased ferromagnetic nanowire substrates and expected improvements are further pointed out. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:589–593, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26658
Harmonics suppression of wilkinson power divider using bond wires with adjustable rejection bands
Authors: Zhou Bo , Sheng Weixing , Wang Hao 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis letter describes a novel Wilkinson power divider using bond wires for harmonics suppression and size reduction.The proposed slow wave structure consists of a periodic array of a highly inductive section using bond wires and a capacitive section using large microstrip islands. Its harmonics suppression characteristics are reported and can be adjusted by adjusting the length and width of the capacitive microstrip island. Experimental results verify that 39 dB suppression for third harmonic and 52 dB suppression for fifth harmonic are obtained. Measured insertion loss of the proposed power divider is −3.5 ± 0.3 dB below 5 GHz. Return loss for both input and output ports are better than −15 dB, and isolation for the two output ports is better than 15 dB. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:775–777, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26662