bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrospinal fluid promotes survival and astroglial differentiation of adult human neural progenitor cells but inhibits proliferation and neuronal differentiation
Authors: Buddensiek Judith , Dressel Alexander , Kowalski Michael , Runge Uwe , Schroeder Henry , Hermann Andreas , Kirsch Matthias , Storch Alexander , Sabolek Michael 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundNeural stem cells (NSCs) are a promising source for cell replacement therapies for neurological diseases. Growing evidence suggests an important role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) not only on neuroectodermal cells during brain development but also on the survival, proliferation and fate specification of NSCs in the adult brain. Existingin vitrostudies focused on embryonic cell lines and embryonic CSF. We therefore studied the effects of adult human leptomeningeal CSF on the behaviour of adult human NSCs (ahNSCs).ResultsAdult CSF increased the survival rate of adult human NSCs compared to standard serum free culture media during both stem cell maintenance and differentiation. The presence of CSF promoted differentiation of NSCs leading to a faster loss of their self-renewal capacity as it is measured by the proliferation markers Ki67 and BrdU and stronger cell extension outgrowth with longer and more cell extensions per cell. After differentiation in CSF, we found a larger number of GFAP+astroglial cells compared to differentiation in standard culture media and a lower number of β-tubulin III+neuronal cells.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that adult human leptomeningeal CSF creates a beneficial environment for the survival and differentiation of adult human NSCs. Adult CSF isin vitroa strong glial differentiation stimulus and leads to a rapid loss of stem cell potential.
Transcriptional responses to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced stress in Arabidopsis thalianareveal the involvement of hormone and defense signaling pathways
Authors: Weisman David , Alkio Merianne , Colón-Carmona Adán 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic, widely-distributed, environmentally persistent, and carcinogenic byproducts of carbon-based fuel combustion. Previously, plant studies have shown that PAHs induce oxidative stress, reduce growth, and cause leaf deformation as well as tissue necrosis. To understand the transcriptional changes that occur during these processes, we performed microarray experiments on Arabidopsis thaliana L. under phenanthrene treatment, and compared the results to published Arabidopsis microarray data representing a variety of stress and hormone treatments. In addition, to probe hormonal aspects of PAH stress, we assayed transgenic ethylene-inducible reporter plants as well as ethylene pathway mutants under phenanthrene treatment.

Results
Microarray results revealed numerous perturbations in signaling and metabolic pathways that regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and responses related to pathogen defense. A number of glutathione S-transferases that may tag xenobiotics for transport to the vacuole were upregulated. Comparative microarray analyses indicated that the phenanthrene response was closely related to other ROS conditions, including pathogen defense conditions. The ethylene-inducible transgenic reporters were activated by phenanthrene. Mutant experiments showed that PAH inhibits growth through an ethylene-independent pathway, as PAH-treated ethylene-insensitive etr1-4 mutants exhibited a greater growth reduction than WT. Further, phenanthrene-treated, constitutive ethylene signaling mutants had longer roots than the untreated control plants, indicating that the PAH inhibits parts of the ethylene signaling pathway.

Conclusions
This study identified major physiological systems that participate in the PAH-induced stress response in Arabidopsis. At the transcriptional level, the results identify specific gene targets that will be valuable in finding lead compounds and engineering increased tolerance. Collectively, the results open a number of new avenues for researching and improving plant resilience and PAH phytoremediation.
Genetic and transformation studies reveal negative regulation of ERS1 ethylene receptor signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Qian , Xu Chan , Wen Chi-Kuang 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
Ethylene receptor single mutants of Arabidopsis do not display a visibly prominent phenotype, but mutants defective in multiple ethylene receptors exhibit a constitutive ethylene response phenotype. It is inferred that ethylene responses in Arabidopsis are negatively regulated by five functionally redundant ethylene receptors. However, genetic redundancy limits further study of individual receptors and possible receptor interactions. Here, we examined the ethylene response phenotype in two quadruple receptor knockout mutants, (ETR1) ers1 etr2 ein4 ers2 and (ERS1) etr1 etr2 ein4 ers2, to unravel the functions of ETR1 and ERS1. Their functions were also reciprocally inferred from phenotypes of mutants lacking ETR1 or ERS1. Receptor protein levels are correlated with receptor gene expression. Expression levels of the remaining wild-type receptor genes were examined to estimate the receptor amount in each receptor mutant, and to evaluate if effects of ers1 mutations on the ethylene response phenotype were due to receptor functional compensation. As ers1 and ers2 are in the Wassilewskija (Ws) ecotype and etr1, etr2, and ein4 are in the Columbia (Col-0) ecotype, possible effects of ecotype mixture on ethylene responses were also investigated.

Results
Ethylene responses were scored based on seedling hypocotyl measurement, seedling and rosette growth, and relative Chitinase B (CHIB) expression. Addition of ers1 loss-of-function mutations to any ETR1-containing receptor mutants alleviated ethylene growth inhibition. Growth recovery by ers1 mutation was reversed when the ers1 mutation was complemented by ERS1p:ERS1. The addition of the ers2-3 mutation to receptor mutants did not reverse the growth inhibition. Overexpressing ERS1 receptor protein in (ETR1 ERS1)etr2 ein4 ers2 substantially elevated growth inhibition and CHIB expression. Receptor gene expression analyses did not favor receptor functional compensation upon the loss of ERS1.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that ERS1 has dual functions in the regulation of ethylene responses. In addition to repressing ethylene responses, ERS1 also promotes ethylene responses in an ETR1-dependent manner. Several lines of evidence support the argument that ecotype mixture does not reverse ethylene responses. Loss of ERS1 did not lead to an increase in total receptor gene expression, and functional compensation was not observed. The inhibitory effects of ERS1 on the ethylene signaling pathway imply negative receptor collaboration.
Deep vein thromboembolism after arthroscopy of the shoulder: two case reports and a review of the literature
Authors: Garofalo Raffaele , Notarnicola Angela , Moretti Lorenzo , Moretti Biagio , Marini Stefania , Castagna Alessandro 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) has an incidence of 1 case per 1000 inhabitants in the general population and it is very rare after arthroscopy of the shoulder. Therefore, the current guidelines do not advise the administration of DVT prophylaxis in shoulder arthroscopy procedures.Cases presentationWe describe two cases of thrombosis of the arm after shoulder arthroscopy on a total of 10.452 shoulder arthroscopies performed during a period of ten years. One of two patients was further complicated by a bilateral pulmonary microembolism. In these two clinical cases the complication developed despite the absence of risk factors such as a concomitant neoplasm, thrombophilia, smoking habit, or a long duration of the procedure.ConclusionsThe DVT after shoulder arthroscopy procedure remain a very rare complication. However, in view of the growing number of patients undergoing this procedure, this figure is expected to rise. The clinician surgeon should take in mind this possible complication that normally appears in the first 3 weeks after surgery, so to perform anti-coagulant treatment. Further clinical studies are therefore warranted to assess the true risk of VTE. In fact, the presence of "minor" predisposing factors that are not routinely studied, as well as the postoperative immobilization period, are potential risk factors that, associated with the invasiveness of the arthroscopy procedure, could trigger a thromboembolism.
Nutraceutical augmentation of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and hematopoietic stem cells in human subjects
Authors: Mikirova Nina A , Jackson James A , Hunninghake Ron , Kenyon Julian , Chan Kyle WH , Swindlehurst Cathy A , Minev Boris , Patel Amit N , Murphy Michael P , Smith Leonard , Ramos Famela , Ichim Thomas E , Riordan Neil H 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The medical significance of circulating endothelial or hematopoietic progenitors is becoming increasing recognized. While therapeutic augmentation of circulating progenitor cells using G-CSF has resulted in promising preclinical and early clinical data for several degenerative conditions, this approach is limited by cost and inability to perform chronic administration. Stem-Kine is a food supplement that was previously reported to augment circulating EPC in a pilot study. Here we report a trial in 18 healthy volunteers administered Stem-Kine twice daily for a 2 week period. Significant increases in circulating CD133 and CD34 cells were observed at days 1, 2, 7, and 14 subsequent to initiation of administration, which correlated with increased hematopoietic progenitors as detected by the HALO assay. Augmentation of EPC numbers in circulation was detected by KDR-1/CD34 staining and colony forming assays. These data suggest Stem-Kine supplementation may be useful as a stimulator of reparative processes associated with mobilization of hematopoietic and endothelial progenitors.
Pharmacological manipulation of GABA-driven activity in ovo disrupts the development of dendritic morphology but not the maturation of spinal cord network activity
Authors: Yoon Yone J , Gokin Alexander P , Martin-Caraballo Miguel 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Background
In the adult nervous system, GABA acts as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter; however, at early stages of neurodevelopment, GABA receptor activation leads to membrane depolarization and accumulation of [Ca2+]i. The role of excitatory GABAergic neurotransmission in the development of the nervous system is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of excitatory GABA-driven activity in regulating the dendritic morphology and network function in the developing chicken spinal cord.

Results
Both bicuculline, a GABA receptor antagonist, and muscimol, a GABA agonist, inhibit the generation of spontaneous network activity in the isolated spinal cord at E8 or E10, indicating that altering GABA receptor activation disrupts the generation of spontaneous network activity in the chicken spinal cord. Treatment of chicken embryos with bicuculline or muscimol between E5 and E8 (or between E8 and E10), inhibits the dendritic outgrowth of motoneurons when compared to vehicle-treated embryos. The inhibitory effect of bicuculline or muscimol on the dendritic morphology of motoneurons was likely due to inhibition of GABA-driven network activity since a similar effect was also observed following reduction of network activity by Kir2.1 overexpression in the spinal cord. The inhibitory effect of bicuculline or muscimol was not caused by an adverse effect on cell survival. Surprisingly, chronic treatment of chicken embryos with bicuculline or muscimol has no effect on the shape and duration of the episodes of spontaneous activity, suggesting that maturation of network activity is not altered by disruption of the dendritic outgrowth of motoneurons.

Conclusions
Taken together, these findings indicate that excitatory GABA receptor activation regulates the maturation of dendritic morphology in the developing spinal cord by an activity-dependent mechanism. However, inhibition of dendritic outgrowth caused by disruption of GABA-driven activity does not alter the maturation of spontaneous electrical activity generated by spinal cord networks, suggesting that compensatory mechanisms can reverse any adverse effect of dendritic morphology on network function.
Comparison of selected canine vector-borne diseases between urban animal shelter and rural hunting dogs in Korea
Authors: Lim Sun , Irwin Peter J , Lee SeungRyong , Oh MyungHwan , Ahn KyuSung , Myung BoYoung , Shin SungShik 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A serological survey for Dirofilaria immitis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis, and Borrelia burgdorferi infections in rural hunting and urban shelter dogs mainly from southwestern regions of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) was conducted. From a total of 229 wild boar or pheasant hunting dogs, the number of serologically positive dogs for any of the four pathogens was 93 (40.6%). The highest prevalence observed was D. immitis (22.3%), followed by A. phagocytophilum (18.8%), E. canis (6.1%) and the lowest prevalence was B. burgdorferi (2.2%). In contrast, stray dogs found within the city limits of Gwangju showed seropositivity only to D. immitis (14.6%), and none of the 692 dogs responded positive for A. phagocytophilum, E. canis or B. burgdorferi antibodies. This study indicates that the risk of exposure to vector-borne diseases in rural hunting dogs can be quite high in Korea, while the urban environment may not be suitable for tick infestation on dogs, as evidenced by the low infection status of tick-borne pathogens in stray dogs.
The effect of carbon dioxide on near-death experiences in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors: a prospective observational study
Authors: Klemenc-Ketis Zalika , Kersnik Janko , Grmec Stefek 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Near-death experiences (NDEs) are reported by 11-23% of cardiac arrest survivors. Several theories concerning the mechanisms of NDEs exist - including physical, psychological, and transcendental reasons - but so far none of these has satisfactorily explained this phenomenon. In this study, we investigated the effect of partial pressures of O2 and CO2, and serum levels of Na and K on the occurrence of NDEs in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors.

Methods
A prospective observational study was conducted in the three largest hospitals in Slovenia. Fifty-two consecutive patients (median age 53.1 years, 42 males) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were included. The presence of NDEs was assessed with a self-administered Greyson's NDE scale. The initial partial pressure of end-tidal CO2, the arterial blood partial pressures of O2 and CO2 and the levels of Na and K in venous blood were analysed and studied. Univariate analyses and multiple regression models were used.

Results
NDEs were reported by 11 (21.2%) of the patients. Patients with higher initial partial pressures of end-tidal CO2 had significantly more NDEs (P < 0.01). Patients with higher arterial blood partial pressures of CO2 had significantly more NDEs (P = 0.041). Scores on a NDE scale were positively correlated with partial pressures of CO2 (P = 0.017) and with serum levels of potassium (P = 0.026). The logistic regression model for the presence of NDEs (P = 0.002) explained 46% of the variance and revealed higher partial pressures of CO2 to be an independent predictor of NDEs. The linear regression model for a higher score on the NDE scale (P = 0.001) explained 34% of the variance and revealed higher partial pressures of CO2, higher serum levels of K, and previous NDEs as independent predictors of the NDE score.

Conclusions
Higher concentrations of CO2 proved significant, and higher serum levels of K might be important in the provoking of NDEs. Since these associations have not been reported before, our study adds novel information to the field of NDEs phenomena.
Genetic Determinants of Bone Density and Fracture Risk—State of the Art and Future Directions
Authors: Duncan Emma L. , Brown Matthew A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Context: Osteoporosis is a common, highly heritable condition that causes substantial morbidity and mortality, the etiopathogenesis of which is poorly understood. Genetic studies are making increasingly rapid progress in identifying the genes involved.
Evidence Acquisition and Synthesis: In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of the genetics of osteoporosis based on publications from PubMed from the year 1987 onward.
Conclusions: Most genes involved in osteoporosis identified to date encode components of known pathways involved in bone synthesis or resorption, but as the field progresses, new pathways are being identified. Only a small proportion of the total genetic variation involved in osteoporosis has been identified, and new approaches will be required to identify most of the remaining genes.
Free Testosterone Levels Are Associated with Mobility Limitation and Physical Performance in Community-Dwelling Men: The Framingham Offspring Study
Authors: Krasnoff Joanne B. , Basaria Shehzad , Pencina Michael J. , Jasuja Guneet K. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Ulloor Jagadish , Zhang Anqi , Coviello Andrea , Kelly-Hayes Margaret , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Wolf Philip A. , Bhasin Shalender , Murabito Joanne M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractContext: Mobility limitation is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The relationship between circulating testosterone and mobility limitation and physical performance is incompletely understood.Objective: Our objective was to examine cross-sectional and prospective relations between baseline sex hormones and mobility limitations and physical performance in community-dwelling older men.Design, Setting, and Participants: We conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of 1445 men (mean age 61.0 ± 9.5 yr) who attended Framingham Offspring Study examinations 7 and 8 (mean 6.6 yr apart). Total testosterone (TT) was measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry at examination 7. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of mobility limitation and physical performance were performed with continuous (per sd) and dichotomized [low TT and free testosterone (FT) and high SHBG vs. normal] hormone levels.Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported mobility limitation, subjective health, usual walking speed, and grip strength were assessed at examinations 7 and 8. Short physical performance battery was performed at examination 7.Results: Higher continuous FT was positively associated with short physical performance battery score (β = 0.13; P = 0.008), usual walking speed (β = 0.02; P = 0.048), and lower risk of poor subjective health [odds ratio (OR) = 0.72; P = 0.01]. In prospective analysis, 1 sd increase in baseline FT was associated with lower risk of developing mobility limitation (OR = 0.78; 95% confidence interval = 0.62–0.97) and progression of mobility limitation (OR = 0.75; 95% confidence interval = 0.60–0.93). Men with low baseline FT had 57% higher odds of reporting incident mobility limitation (P = 0.03) and 68% higher odds of worsening of mobility limitation (P = 0.007).Conclusions: Lower levels of baseline FT are associated with a greater risk of incident or worsening mobility limitation in community-dwelling older men. Whether this risk can be reduced with testosterone therapy needs to be determined by randomized trials.
A pilot study on the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among clients of brothel-based female sex workers in Jessore, Bangladesh
Authors: Huq M , Chawdhury F A H , Mitra D K , Islam M A , Salahuddin G , Das J , Rahman M 
Published: April 2010

Summary The prevalence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections among clients of female sex workers (FSWs) was studied. A total of 156 condoms were collected from clients of 13 sex workers during three consecutive days. Condoms used by clients of FSWs were collected and DNA was extracted from the seminal fluid and used for the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis by polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis and T. vaginalis among clients of FSWs was 4.5% (7/156), 2.5% (4/156) and 7% (11/156), respectively.
Comparison between turnaround time and cost of herpes simplex virus testing by cell culture and polymerase chain reaction from genital swabs
Authors: Saeed K , Pelosi E 
Published: April 2010

Summary Clinical diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) (GH) infection is insensitive and non-specific and requires laboratory confirmation. In this study we compared viral culture and the amplification of HSV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with respect to turnaround time and cost. We compared 182 swabs submitted to our laboratory between March and May 2005, which were tested using MRC-5 cell culture, with 168 genital swabs submitted during the same months in 2006, and were tested by PCR. We concluded that PCR testing in our laboratory has significantly improved the turnaround time, with 68.4% of tests having been reported in less than 24 hours. This in turn significantly improved the service provided for the diagnosis of genital herpes without additional costs.