bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Youth excel
Authors: Riley Barbara L. , Manske Steve , Cameron Roy 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPopulation‐level intervention is required to prevent cancer and other chronic diseases. It also promotes health for those living with established risk factors and illness. In this article, the authors describe a vision and approach for continuously improving population‐level programs and policies within and beyond the health sector. The vision and approach are anchored in contemporary thinking about what is required to link evidence and action in the field of population and public health. The authors believe that, as a cancer prevention and control community, organizations and practitioners must be able to use the best available evidence to inform action and continually generate evidence that improves prevention policies and programs on an ongoing basis. These imperatives require leaders in policy, practice, and research fields to work together to jointly plan, conduct, and act on relevant evidence. The Propel Center and colleagues are implementing this approach in Youth Excel—a pan‐Canadian initiative that brings together national and provincial organizations from health and education sectors and capitalizes on a history of collaboration. The objective of Youth Excel is to build sustainable capacity for knowledge development and exchange that can guide and redirect prevention efforts in a rapidly evolving social environment. This goal is to contribute to creating health‐promoting environments and to accelerate progress in preventing cancer and other diseases among youth and young adults and in the wider population. Although prevention is the aim, health‐promoting environments also can support health gains for individuals of all ages and with established illness. In addition, the approach Youth Excel is taking to link evidence and action may be applicable to early intervention and treatment components of cancer control. Cancer 2011;117(10 suppl):2281–8. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Targeted therapy in pediatric and adolescent oncology
Authors: Bernstein Mark L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCancers in children and adolescents are fortunately infrequent. Overall, cure rates are good, approximately 80%, although this varies by histology and stage. Targeted therapies aim to improve efficacy and decrease toxicity by more specifically affecting malignant cells or their supporting stroma. Cancers of early life are often of different histology than those seen in adults. Sometimes, the same pathway is affected, even if the histology is different. Toxicities may also be different, particularly in younger children. These factors render drug development in young people challenging. This article reviews some successes and challenges to that development, including brief discussions of imatinib, lestaurtinib, antiangiogenesis, and anti‐GD2 therapies. Cancer 2011;117(10 suppl):2268–74. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A review of Canadian health care and cancer care systems
Authors: Sutcliffe Simon B. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCanada is a westernized, market‐economy nation with a publicly funded health care and cancer control system and has health indices reflective of a high‐resource economy. Provision of health services is in accord with the Canada Health Act and is implemented through federal, provincial, and territorial relations wherein federal funding partly provides support for the provincial/territorial delivery of health services. Cancer services are provided within the acute health care system with dedicated entities existing in parallel in most provinces to provide services specific to the diagnosis, treatment, and support of cancer patients. Interprovincial and territorial collaboration to enhance and facilitate optimal cancer system performance is enabled through the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer (the Canadian national cancer control initiative). Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients use both the pediatric and adult cancer systems. There is recognition, however, that although AYA patients are numerically a small portion of all cancer patients, the negative personal, societal, and socioeconomic impacts of potential years of life lost are substantial and can be lessened through attention to awareness, education, redesign of care and care pathways, quality of life, developmental aspects related to adolescent‐teen‐adult transitions, continuity of care, and surveillance across pediatric and adult settings. Appropriate solutions need to be established within the framework of the Canadian Health Service by innovative rethinking and realignment of system capacity and performance to the special needs of AYA cancer patients. Cancer 2011;117(10 suppl):2241–4. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Awareness and advocacy for adolescents and young adults with cancer
Authors: McGoldrick Devon , Gordon Pamela , Whiteson Myrna , Adams Heidi , Rogers Paul , Sutcliffe Simon 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIncreasing the awareness of the clinical and psychosocial needs that are particular to adolescents and young adults (AYA) was a top priority, as was strengthening advocacy efforts to empower and support this group. To date, AYA advocates had some success in generating public awareness and building a solid clinical justification for increased focus on this population. It had been established that the economic burden of their mortality was significant, their cancers were unusual, their medical care was often inadequate, and their outcomes for many cancers had not improved in the past 3 decades. As the awareness and advocacy campaign continued to grow and evolve across the globe, it was an important goal to integrate the efforts of all stakeholders to ensure that it progressed with a single, consensual, focused message identifying a common priority for action. By coordinating the efforts of the scientific, medical, and advocacy communities, it was possible to amplify their separate efforts and activities and more efficiently achieve large‐scale change in the world of AYA oncology. Cancer 2011;117(10 suppl):2311–5. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Screening for cancer in children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Bryant Heather 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCancer screening interventions offer the potential for both risk and benefit. Research related to screening and cancer in children or adolescents/young adults (AYA) can approach any of several questions. One question to be addressed is whether population‐based screening tests can be developed that would reduce incidence or mortality from cancer in children or AYA without causing undue risk to the healthy population and with reasonable cost‐effectiveness. This has not yet proven to be possible, and some of the relevant considerations are discussed in this article. The second question concerns the use of screening tests commonly applied to the general population and the special considerations when applied in the context of children/AYA with cancer or of adult survivors. Finally, a third general area of research concerns the inclusion of specialized screening in the follow‐up of survivors of cancer in children and AYA to address the potential for recurrences, new primaries, and long‐term sequelae of treatment. Although current guidelines for screening in follow‐up are derived from a blend of evidence and expert clinical opinion, it is likely that future guidelines will evolve as a result of clinically intense research that takes into consideration the needs of this very unique group. Cancer 2011;117(10 suppl):2275–80. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Circulating and tumor‐infiltrating myeloid cells predict survival in human pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Burt Bryan M. , Rodig Scott J. , Tilleman Tamara R. , Elbardissi Andrew W. , Bueno Raphael , Sugarbaker David J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) tumor cells produce copious amounts of myeloid cell‐stimulating factors. The current study examined the prognostic significance of circulating monocytes and tumor‐infiltrating macrophages on overall survival in patients with MPM.METHODS:The authors retrospectively reviewed 667 patients with MPM who underwent cytoreductive surgery at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts between 1989 and 2009. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the impact of preoperative circulating monocytes on overall survival. Immunohistochemical staining for CD68 was performed on a tissue microarray of MPM tumors from 52 patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery. The phenotype of circulating monocytes and tumor‐infiltrating macrophages in 7 additional patients was determined by flow cytometry.RESULTS:The median survival for all patients was 13.4 months, and 35% of patients had tumors of nonepithelial histology. For patients with nonepithelial compared with epithelial tumors, survival was significantly worse (9.3 months vs 16.6 months; P < .0001), the number of monocytes was significantly higher (580 ± 20 cells/μL vs 520 ± 10 cells/μL; P = .002), and higher monocyte counts were associated with higher tumor stage. Increasing monocyte counts were correlated with poor survival for all patients with MPM. Within MPM tumors, macrophages comprised 27% ± 9% of the tumor area and demonstrated an immunosuppressive phenotype with high expression of CD163, CD206, and interleukin‐4 receptor α. The degree of macrophage infiltration was found to be negatively correlated with survival in patients with nonepithelial (P = .008) but not those with epithelial (P = .7) MPM, independent of disease stage.CONCLUSIONS:Higher numbers of circulating monocytes are associated with poor survival in all patients with MPM and higher densities of tumor‐infiltrating macrophages are associated with poor survival in patients with nonepithelial MPM. Both may enable a novel target for immunotherapy. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Failure patterns and clinical implications in early stage nasal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma treated with primary radiotherapy
Authors: Li Ye‐Xiong , Liu Qing‐Feng , Wang Wei‐Hu , Jin Jing , Song Yong‐Wen , Wang Shu‐Lian , Liu Yue‐Ping , Liu Xin‐Fan , Zhou Li‐Qiang , Yu Zi‐Hao 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:This study aimed to evaluate the failure patterns and clinical implications in patients with early stage nasal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma treated with primary radiotherapy.METHODS:Two‐hundred fourteen patients were included. There were 182 cases of stage I and 32 cases of stage II disease. Patients received radiotherapy alone (n = 96) or radiotherapy and chemotherapy (n = 118). The median dose was 50 grays, and most patients received doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy.RESULTS:The 5‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival rates for all patients were 72% and 65%, respectively. Sixty‐three patients experienced treatment failure. The 5‐year cumulative incidences of locoregional, systemic, and overall failures were 12.0%, 25.5%, and 32.9%, respectively. Stage and paranasal extension were significant predictors for systemic failure. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of systemic failure was 22.6% for stage I disease versus 42.7% for stage II disease (P < .001), and 16.9% for limited disease versus 30.4% for paranasal extension (P < .001), respectively. Adding chemotherapy to extended involved‐field radiotherapy did not significantly decrease the systemic failure rate nor improve survival. The cumulative incidence of systemic failure and OS rate at 5 years were 24.1% and 74.4% for combined modality therapy compared with 28.5% (P = 0.758) and 69.8% (P = 0.529) for radiotherapy alone. A very low incidence of cervical lymph node or central nervous system relapse was observed.CONCLUSIONS:Patients with early stage nasal NK/T‐cell lymphoma have excellent locoregional control and favorable prognosis with radiotherapy, but patients with stage II disease or paranasal extension are at high risk of systemic failure, emphasizing the importance of integration of optimal radiotherapy with innovative systemic therapy. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Numerical study on peristaltic flow of generalized burgers' fluids in uniform tubes in the presence of an endoscope
Authors: Tripathi Dharmendra 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis manuscript focuses on the numerical study of peristaltic flow of generalized Burgers' fluid through the gap between concentric uniform tubes (inner tube is rigid and outer tube is flexible) with an endoscope. The analysis has been carried out under the long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations. The expressions of axial velocity, volume flow rate, pressure gradient and stream function are obtained by two different methods, namely; the homotopy perturbation method and the variational iteration method. The details of implementation of two methods are provided. Parametric study is performed at the end of the paper for analyzing the effects of emerging parameters on pressure‐rise per wavelength friction forces at the walls and trapping. It is found that pressure‐rise diminishes with increase in the magnitude of the first fractional parameter, second material constant and the ratio of radii of tubes, whereas the effect of second fractional parameter and other three material constants (first, third and fourth) on pressure‐rise is found to be the opposite. The influences of all these parameters on friction force (on the inner and outer tubes) are opposite to that of pressure‐rise. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photochromism and Metal Complexation of a Macrocyclic Styryl Naphthopyran
Authors: Tulyakova Elena V. , Fedorova Olga A. , Micheau Jean‐Claude , Paramonov Sergey V. , Lokshin Vladimir , Vermeersch Gaston , Delbaere Stephanie 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA macrocyclic benzo‐15‐crown‐5 ether unit tethered to a photochromic naphthopyran by a styryl spacer (MEN) is shown to form a 1:1 complex with magnesium(II). The structure and dynamics of the specific host–metal interactions were investigated by PFG‐NMR analysis. A combination of UV/Vis and variable temperature multi‐dimensional 1H NMR photokinetic analysis of the crown‐containing styryl naphthopyran and its metal complex was used to probe the effect of metal complexation on the photochromism.
Tumor suppressor Lzap regulates cell cycle progression, doming, and zebrafish epiboly
Authors: Liu Dan , Wang Wen‐Der , Melville David B. , Cha Yong I. , Yin Zhirong , Issaeva Natalia , Knapik Ela W. , Yarbrough Wendell G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInitial stages of embryonic development rely on rapid, synchronized cell divisions of the fertilized egg followed by a set of morphogenetic movements collectively called epiboly and gastrulation. Lzap is a putative tumor suppressor whose expression is lost in 30% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Lzap activities include regulation of cell cycle progression and response to therapeutic agents. Here, we explore developmental roles of the lzap gene during zebrafish morphogenesis. Lzap is highly conserved among vertebrates and is maternally deposited. Expression is initially ubiquitous during gastrulation, and later becomes more prominent in the pharyngeal arches, digestive tract, and brain. Antisense morpholino‐mediated depletion of Lzap resulted in delayed cell divisions and apoptosis during blastomere formation, resulting in fewer, larger cells. Cell cycle analysis suggested that Lzap loss in early embryonic cells resulted in a G2/M arrest. Furthermore, the Lzap‐deficient embryos failed to initiate epiboly—the earliest morphogenetic movement in animal development—which has been shown to be dependent on cell adhesion and migration of epithelial sheets. Our results strongly implicate Lzap in regulation of cell cycle progression, adhesion and migratory activity of epithelial cell sheets during early development. These functions provide further insight into Lzap activity that may contribute not only to development, but also to tumor formation. Developmental Dynamics 240:1613–1625, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extreme flow variability and the ‘boom and bust’ ecology of fish in arid‐zone floodplain rivers: a case history with implications for environmental flows, conservation and management
Authors: Arthington Angela H. , Balcombe Stephen R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFloodplain rivers in arid and semi‐arid regions may be the most threatened of all river systems because water resource developments typically dampen their most distinctive characteristics—extreme flow variability and ‘boom and bust’ ecological dynamics. This article shows how one of the world's most variable arid‐zone river systems—Cooper Creek in Australia's Lake Eyre Basin—functions and how it supports its unique fish assemblage and productive fisheries. The ecological roles of drought refugia, channel flows and flooding are reviewed in relation to fish persistence and losses, life history strategies, movement potential, food web processes and production levels. Comparisons are drawn with other floodplain rivers and fisheries to draw out common understandings and universal principles for conservation and management of arid‐zone rivers and their fish resources. Ecological implications of hydrologic alterations and land‐based activities are presented to highlight the importance of maintaining the hydrologic, geomorphic, sedimentary and biogeochemical processes of arid‐zone river systems. Preservation or restoration of natural flow intermittency, sequential flood pulses, complex habitat mosaics, connectivity and identification of the environmental flow requirements for highly valued species and processes are key scientific principles for the management of arid‐zone floodplain rivers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 5/11
Authors: Roszik János , Sebestyén Zsolt , Govers Coen , Guri Yakir , Szöőr Árpád , Pályi‐Krekk Zsuzsanna , Vereb György , Nagy Peter , Szöllősi János , Debets Reno 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe cover image of this issue consists of a confocal microscopic FRET image showing immunological synapse formation in Jurkat T cells, and is taken from Roszik et al. (pp. 1288–1297). In this article, the authors characterize TCR‐ζ, a heterodimer of TCR‐α and β chains each coupled to complete human CD3ζ, in gene‐engineered T cells and assess whether this receptor is able to interact with surface molecules and drive correct synapse formation in Jurkat T cells. The authors notably demonstrate that TCR‐ζ is able to induce synapse formation upon antigen recognition, and that synapse formation induced by TCR‐ζ is independent of TCR‐CD3.
Photovoltaic Performance and Characteristics of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Prepared with the N719 Thermal Degradation Products [Ru(LH)2(NCS)(4‐tert‐butylpyridine)][N(Bu)4] and [Ru(LH)2(NCS)(1‐methylbenzimidazole)][N(Bu)4]
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Tuyet , Lam Binh Xuan Thi , Andersen Anders Rand , Hansen Poul Erik , Lund Torben 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe dye‐sensitized solar cell N719 thermal degradation products [Ru(LH)2(NCS)(4‐tert‐butylpyridine)][N(Bu)4] (1) and [Ru(LH)2(NCS)(1‐methylbenzimidazole)][N(Bu)4] (2) were synthesized from [Ru(LH)2(NCS)2][N(Bu)4]2 (N719), (L = 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid) and characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs or DSSCs) prepared with 1 and 2 have efficiencies that are three and two times lower than N719 cells, respectively. Analysis of the UV/Vis and incident‐photon‐to‐current efficiency (IPCE) spectra indicates that the main reason for the reduced efficiencies is a reduced electron collection efficiency (ηcoll). The substituted dyes give rise to lower potentials and currents. When measured at open circuit voltage illumination, the impedance is very different for such cells relative to N719 cells. Furthermore, the lifetime (τeff) of the electrons in the TiO2 is reduced by a factor of around ten. The low τeff values may be related to the positive charge on dyes 1 and 2, which results in an enhanced local concentration of I3– near the photoanode and thereby a higher dark current. N719 cells at higher temperature result in slightly lower potentials, and this alone leads to a change in impedance response when measured at open circuit voltage. The same parts of the impedance spectrum are affected (i.e., the interface between the photoanode and the electrolyte is affected in the same way) when we compare data from N719 heated cells and DSCs prepared with 1 or 2 and not thermally treated.
Silver(II) Fluorosulfate: A Thermally Fragile Ferromagnetic Derivative of Divalent Silver in an Oxa‐Ligand Environment
Authors: Malinowski Przemysław J. , Derzsi Mariana , Mazej Zoran , Jagličić Zvonko , Leszczyński Piotr J. , Michałowski Tomasz , Grochala Wojciech 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSeveral synthetic pathways and characterization of silver(II) fluorosulfate are reported. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P21/c, with a = 10.5130(4) Å, b = 7.7524(3) Å, c = 8.9366(4) Å, β = 117.867(2)° [V = 643.88(5) Å3, Z = 4, dcalcd. = 3.15 g cm–3] in a structure type related to that of AgF2. Puckered [Ag(SO3F)2] sheets are present in the crystal structure with two oxygen atoms of the fluorosulfate anions utilized for bonding within the sheet; the third oxygen atom serves as a linker to the adjacent sheet. Terminal fluorine atoms form small cavities in the structure. The S–O stretching region of the vibrational (IR and Raman) spectra is rich in bands, thus confirming the structural complexity of Ag(SO3F)2. Ag(SO3F)2 is a soft ferromagnet with a Curie temperature of 24.8 K and it shows a single broad electron spin resonance (ESR) with g = 2.183 at T = 293 K. The intrasheet magnetic superexchange constant, J, derived from magnetization measurements, equals +1.0 meV per formula unit. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the superexchange occurs through the OO moiety of the Ag–O–S–O–Ag bridge while omitting the S atom, and the yield is J = +1.1 meV. The Coulomb‐corrected local spin density approximation (LSDA+U) calculations predict a direct electronic band gap at the Fermi level of 1.05 eV. Large magnetic moments reside on O atoms attached to AgII; in consequence, Ag(SO3F)2 is thermally unstable; at room temperature or in the presence of strong acids its dark brown crystals slowly decompose at the surface to a black mixed‐valence Ag3(SO3F)4. Very fast exothermic decomposition of Ag(SO3F)2 with emission of a fluorosulfuryl radical (SO3F·) occurs above 120 °C as confirmed by simultaneous thermogravimetric, calorimetric and evolved gas analyses.
Quinine‐Catalysed Double Michael Addition of Malononitrile to 1,5‐Disubstituted Pentadien‐3‐ones: A Stereoselective Route to Cyclohexanones
Authors: De Fusco Claudia , Lattanzi Alessandra 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe stereoselective synthesis of 4‐oxo‐2,6‐diaryl‐cyclohexane‐1,1‐dicarbonitriles has been developed through double Michael addition of malononitrile to 1,5‐disubstituted pentadien‐3‐ones catalysed by quinine. This simple cascade process affords cyclohexanones in moderate‐to‐good yields, excellent diastereoselectivity and up to 86 %ee. The isolation of the monoaddition product helps to shed light on thestereochemical outcome of the two‐step process.