bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lyn but Not Fyn Kinase Controls IgG-Mediated Systemic Anaphylaxis
Authors: Falanga Yves T. , Chaimowitz Natalia S. , Charles Nicolas , Finkelman Fred D. , Pullen Nicholas A. , Barbour Suzanne , Dholaria Kevin , Faber Travis , Kolawole Motunrayo , Huang Bernice , Odom Sandra , Rivera Juan , Carlyon Jason , Conrad Daniel H. , Spiegel Sarah , Oskeritzian Carole A. , Ryan John J. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a rapid, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction. Until recently, it was mainly attributed to histamine released by mast cells activated by allergen crosslinking (XL) of FcεRI-bound allergen-specific IgE. However, recent reports established that anaphylaxis could also be triggered by basophil, macrophage, and neutrophil secretion of platelet-activating factor subsequent to FcγR stimulation by IgG/Ag complexes. We have investigated the contribution of Fyn and Lyn tyrosine kinases to FcγRIIb and FcγRIII signaling in the context of IgG-mediated passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA). We found that mast cell IgG XL induced Fyn, Lyn, Akt, Erk, p38, and JNK phosphorylation. Additionally, IgG XL of mast cells, basophils, and macrophages resulted in Fyn- and Lyn-regulated mediator release in vitro. FcγR-mediated activation was enhanced in Lyn-deficient (knockout [KO]) cells, but decreased in Fyn KO cells, compared with wild-type cells. More importantly, Lyn KO mice displayed significantly exacerbated PSA features whereas no change was observed for Fyn KO mice, compared with wild-type littermates. Intriguingly, we establish that mast cells account for most serum histamine in IgG-induced PSA. Taken together, our findings establish pivotal roles for Fyn and Lyn in the regulation of PSA and highlight their unsuspected functions in IgG-mediated pathologies.
Inhibition of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Augments Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury and Apoptosis
Authors: Fielhaber Jill A. , Carroll Scott F. , Dydensborg Anders B. , Shourian Mitra , Triantafillopoulos Alexandra , Harel Sharon , Hussain Sabah N. , Bouchard Maxime , Qureshi Salman T. , Kristof Arnold S. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Acute lung injury during bacterial infection is associated with neutrophilic inflammation, epithelial cell apoptosis, and disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier. TLR4 is required for lung injury in animals exposed to bacterial LPS and initiates proinflammatory responses in part via the transcription factor NF-κB. Ligation of TLR4 also initiates a proapoptotic response by activating IFN-β and STAT1-dependent genes. We recently demonstrated that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a key controller of cell growth and survival, can physically interact with STAT1 and suppress the induction of STAT1-dependent apoptosis genes. We therefore hypothesized that the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin would increase LPS-induced apoptosis and lung injury in vivo. Rapamycin increased lung injury and cellular apoptosis in C57BL/6J mice exposed to intratracheal LPS for 24 h. Rapamycin also augmented STAT1 activation, and the induction of STAT1-dependent genes that mediate cellular apoptosis (i.e., Fas, caspase-3). LPS-induced lung injury was attenuated in STAT1 knockout mice. In addition, LPS and IFN-β–induced apoptosis was absent in cultured cells lacking STAT1, and, unlike in wild-type cells, a permissive effect of rapamycin was not observed. In contrast to its effect on STAT1, rapamycin inhibited NF-κB activation in vivo and reduced selected markers of inflammation (i.e., neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, TNF-α). Therefore, although it inhibits NF-κB and neutrophilic inflammation, rapamycin augments LPS-induced lung injury and apoptosis in a mechanism that involves STAT1 and the induction of STAT1-dependent apoptosis genes.
Control of Transplant Tolerance and Intragraft Regulatory T Cell Localization by Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and CCL5
Authors: Dilek Nahzli , Poirier Nicolas , Usal Claire , Martinet Bernard , Blancho Gilles , Vanhove Bernard 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of immature cells that are believed to inhibit immune responses in the contexts of cancer and organ transplantation, in association with regulatory T cells (Treg). However, the way in which MDSC cooperate with Treg remains elusive. In this study, we used DNA microarrays to analyze gene expression in blood-derived MDSC from rat recipients of kidney allografts. We found CCL5 (Rantes), a chemotactic C-C motif 5 chemokine, to be strongly downregulated after treatment with a tolerizing regimen. The amount of CCL5 protein was also lower in the plasma of tolerant recipients, whereas intragraft CCL5 was unchanged. Because CCL5 is chemotactic for Treg, we hypothesized that a gradient of CCL5 between the graft and peripheral blood might contribute to the intragraft localization of Treg in tolerant animals. To test this hypothesis, we treated tolerant rat recipients of kidney allografts with recombinant rat CCL5 to restore normal plasma concentrations. This led to a strong reduction in intragraft Treg monitored by immunohistofluorescence and by quantitative real-time PCR measurement of Foxp3 mRNA. Ultimately, this treatment led to an increase in serum creatinine concentrations and to kidney graft rejection after about a month. The kidney function of syngeneic grafts was not affected by a similar administration of CCL5. These data highlight the contribution of MDSC to the establishment of a graft-to-periphery CCL5 gradient in tolerant kidney allograft recipients, which controls recruitment of Treg to the graft where they likely contribute to maintaining tolerance.
Purinergic Receptors Are Required for HIV-1 Infection of Primary Human Macrophages
Authors: Hazleton Joy E. , Berman Joan W. , Eugenin Eliseo A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Macrophages play a significant role in HIV infection, viral rebound, and the development of AIDS. However, the function of host proteins in viral replication is incompletely characterized in macrophages. Purinergic receptors P2X and P2Y are major components of the macrophage immune response to pathogens, inflammation, and cellular damage. We demonstrate that these receptors are necessary for HIV infection of primary human macrophages. Inhibition of purinergic receptors results in a significant reduction in HIV replication in macrophages. This inhibition is independent of viral strain and is dose dependent. We also identify that P2X1, P2X7, and P2Y1 receptors are involved in viral replication. We show that P2X1, but not P2X7 or P2Y1, is necessary for HIV entry into macrophages. We demonstrate that interaction of the HIV surface protein gp120 with macrophages stimulates an increase in ATP release. Thus, we propose that HIV’s binding to macrophages triggers a local release of ATP that stimulates purinergic receptors and facilitates HIV entry and subsequent stages of viral replication. Our data implicate a novel role for a family of host proteins in HIV replication in macrophages and suggest new therapeutic targets to reduce the devastating consequences of HIV infection and AIDS.
Requirement for Diverse TCR Specificities Determines Regulatory T Cell Activity in a Mouse Model of Autoimmune Arthritis
Authors: Oh Soyoung , Aitken Malinda , Simons Donald M. , Basehoar Alissa , Garcia Victoria , Kropf Elizabeth , Caton Andrew J. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are required to restrain the immune system from mounting an autoaggressive systemic inflammatory response, but why their activity can prevent (or allow) organ-specific autoimmunity remains poorly understood. We have examined how TCR specificity contributes to Treg activity using a mouse model of spontaneous autoimmune arthritis, in which CD4+ T cells expressing a clonotypic TCR induce disease by an IL-17–dependent mechanism. Administration of polyclonal Tregs suppressed Th17 cell formation and prevented arthritis development; notably, Tregs expressing the clonotypic TCR did not. These clonotypic Tregs exerted Ag-specific suppression of effector CD4+ T cells using the clonotypic TCR in vivo, but failed to mediate bystander suppression and did not prevent Th17 cells using nonclonotypic TCRs from accumulating in joint-draining lymph nodes of arthritic mice. These studies indicate that the availability of Tregs with diverse TCR specificities can be crucial to their activity in autoimmune arthritis.
Resolvin E2 Formation and Impact in Inflammation Resolution
Authors: Oh Sungwhan F. , Dona Maria , Fredman Gabrielle , Krishnamoorthy Sriram , Irimia Daniel , Serhan Charles N. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Acute inflammation and its resolution are essential processes for tissue protection and homeostasis. In this context, specialized proresolving mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids are of interest. In this study, we report that resolvin E2 (RvE2) from eicosapentaenoic acid is endogenously produced during self-limited murine peritonitis in both the initiation and resolution phases. RvE2 (1–10 nM) carries potent leukocyte-directed actions that include: 1) regulating chemotaxis of human neutrophils; and 2) enhancing phagocytosis and anti-inflammatory cytokine production. These actions appear to be mediated by leukocyte G-protein–coupled receptors as preparation of labeled RvE2 gave direct evidence for specific binding of radiolabeled RvE2 to neutrophils (Kd 24.7 ± 10.1 nM) and resolvin E1 activation of recombinant G-protein–coupled receptors was assessed. In addition to the murine inflammatory milieu, RvE2 was also identified in plasma from healthy human subjects. RvE2 rapidly downregulated surface expression of human leukocyte integrins in whole blood and dampened responses to platelet-activating factor. Together, these results indicate that RvE2 can stimulate host-protective actions throughout initiation and resolution in the innate inflammatory responses.
A Rediscovered Ancient History of Motivational Interviewing and its Measurement
Authors: Dunn Christopher W. , Lord Sarah Peregrine , Lowe Jessica , Joesch Jutta , Atkins David C. 
Published: March 2012

We wrote this piece for coding teams around the world, hoping to raise some measurement issues, to inspire, and to entertain (perhaps not in that order). This one’s for you, coders and for you, trainers of coders, you who work so hard to measure Motivational Interviewing using the standardized coding systems such as the MISC, MITI, and SCOPE.
Spontaneous Breathing of Heliox Using a Semi-Closed Circuit: A Bench Study
Authors: Roubík Karel , Zazula Roman , Strnadová Adéla , Zábrodský Vladimír , Spálený Antonín , Müller Martin , Chlumský Jan , Tyll Tomáš 
Published: March 2012

Introduction: The use of helium-oxygen mixture (heliox) for ventilation has an advantage in patients with obstruction of the airways. The physical properties of helium enable an easier gas flow through the airways; this enables easier breathing for the patient when compared to standard ventilation of air. A high cost of heliox falls within the factors that limit the use of heliox in clinical practice. At present, heliox is administered by use of an open circuit. The aim of this study is to propose a way of heliox administration that reduces heliox consumption but does not affect the positive heliox effects upon the airway resistance. Methods: To minimize consumption of heliox, a semi-closed circuit has been designed. The circuit is a modification of an anesthetic circuit composed of parts with the lowest possible resistances. As any circuit has its own resistance, the evaluation of its possible negative effect upon the work of breathing of patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been conducted. Results: A semi-closed circuit for heliox administration has been constructed and evaluated. The intrinsic resistance of both the inspiratory and expiratory limbs of the circuit is less than 140 Pa·s/l. This resistance does not represent a significant workload for a patient with COPD exacerbation whose airway resistance is 10 to 20 fold higher. Conclusions: The designed semi-closed circuit offers a potential benefit of heliox in patients with COPD exacerbation.
In Vitro Investigations of Citrate Clearance with Different Dialysis Filters
Authors: Hartmann Jens , Strobl Karin , Fichtinger Ute , Schildböck Claudia , Falkenhagen Dieter 
Published: March 2012

Objective: In extracorporeal blood purification, citrate anticoagulation offers several substantial advantages over conventional heparin anticoagulation. However, there is still a lack of information on citrate kinetics, especially on the citrate clearance of conventional hemodialyzers. The aim of this study was to investigate the citrate clearance for different hemodialysis filters as a basis for the development of an intelligent citrate-calcium infusion algorithm. Materials and Methods: For our experiments, the Fresenius 4008H dialysis machine and the dialysis filters FX 60, F6 HPS, F8 HPS (Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany), Polyflux 140H and 14L (Gambro Holding, Stockholm, Sweden), Xenium 130 (Baxter AG, Vienna, Austria) and APS-650 (ASAHI Kasei Kuraray Medical, Chiyoda-ku, Japan) were used. Clearance calculations were performed based on plasma/blood flow rate and the citrate concentrations at filter inlet and outlet. All experiments were carried out in vitro with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or whole blood. Results: The results prove that citrate clearance is significantly higher with high-flux filters than with low-flux filters. Higher dialysate flow rates cause a more effective removal of citrate. The citrate clearance for low-flux and high-flux filters was 71 ± 7 and 86 ± 1% of the urea clearance, respectively. Conclusions: Citrate can efficiently be removed with standard hemodialysis. However, depending on the infused amounts as well as on the patient - especially in patients with impaired liver function - the use of a high-flux dialysis filter and a high dialysate flow rate should be considered to minimize the risk of citrate accumulation.
A Make-or-buy Decision Process for Outsourcing
Authors: Bajec Patricija , Jakomin Igor 
Published: March 2012

Should firms perform logistics services on their own or should they buy them from a logistics provider? Today’s global competition forces companies to re-evaluate their existing processes, technologies and services in order to focuse on strategic activities. Outsourcing is now increasingly used as a competitive weapon in today’s economy. External parties can often do job quicker, cheaper and better. This has resulted in an increasing awareness of the importance of the make-or-buy decision, the dilemma organisations face when deciding between keeping logistics services in house or purchasing them from an outside logistics provider.
This article provides a make-or-buy decision process methodology that any manager can implement – whatever the size or industrial type of the organization. The make-or-buy methodology is one of the most critical strategic decisions within logistics outsourcing and should be taken in a structured and consistent manner. A practical guide to this decision is a step-by-step guide to addressing make-or-buy decision in a consistent and structured manner. The high-level steps are as follows:
•	evaluate whether outsourcing is right for your company;
•	determine exactly what functions to outsource and the performance expectations;
•	use a well-defined professional selection process to evaluate and select which provider(s) are right for the job.
KEY WORDS: logistics, logistics outsourcing, make-or-buy decision, outsourcing methodology
Impact of Road Network Charging System on Pricing for General Cargo Transportation
Authors: Poliak Miloš 
Published: March 2012

The paper defines the problem of pricing in general cargo by impact of toll in the first section. Different usage of a vehicle in individual transportation causes that it is not possible to calculate the toll uniformly for every cargo by constant price for the customer in the same transportation. The next part analyses the existing processes of the toll share for general transport described in Austria, Bohemia and Germany. None of the processes can be used for another state in general. The rest is a draft of the new method of toll share for general transport determination. Key words: transportation, pricing, cargo, toll, road
Publicidade de alimentos para o público infantil na televisão e diretrizes alimentares brasileiras
Authors: Costa Mariana Luiza Guimarães , Oliveira Patricia Alves Drummond de , Auad Sheyla Márcia 
Published: March 2012

Objetivo: Avaliar o conteúdo dos comerciais de produtos alimentícios veiculados em canais abertos da televisão brasileira durante a programação para o público infantil, os valores nutricionais desses produtos e o uso de personagens infantis para divulgação dos mesmos. Além disso, verificou-se se há veiculação de comerciais que promovem hábitos saudáveis durante tal programação e se os alimentos promovidos estão em sintonia com a recomendação das diretrizes alimentares brasileiras. Materiais e Métodos: Foram realizadas gravações dos principais canais abertos da televisão brasileira, em dois dias durante a semana e um dia no final de semana, para cada canal. A grade das emissoras foi previamente verificada para que as gravações fossem realizadas nos momentos em que programas voltados para o público infantil fossem veiculados, independentemente do horário. Resultados: Foram veiculados 119,5 minutos de comerciais, sendo 28minutos voltados para o público infantil (média diária de 9,3 minutos), dos quais 11,8 minutos compreendiam comerciais de produtos alimentícios. A utilização de animações ou personagens infantis como estratégiade publicidade foi constatada em 83,9% dos comerciais de produtos alimentícios destinados ao público infantil, enquanto apenas 5,4 minutos do tempo total de comerciais foram voltados para a veiculação de mensagens educativas e de promoção de saúde. Os alimentos promovidos apresentavam alto valor calórico, elevada quantidade de gorduras, açúcares e sódio. Conclusão: Observou-se que os comerciais voltados para o público infantil promovem o consumo de produtos potencialmente cariogênicos, utilizam personagens infantis para estimular sua venda, carecem de mensagens promotoras de saúde e estão em confronto com as diretrizes alimentares brasileiras.Descritores: Publicidade de alimentos. Televisão. Dieta. Criança.
Prescrição medicamentosa sob a visão de estudantes de Odontologia
Authors: Lúcio Priscilla Suassuna Carneiro , Castro Ricardo Dias de , Barreto Rosimar de Castro 
Published: March 2012

Objetivo: Analisar, entre os acadêmicos de odontologia de duas universidades públicas da Paraíba, a visão que os mesmos tinham a respeito da prescrição de medicamentos, assim como verificar se os conhecimentos adquiridos na graduação são suficientes para o desempenho de uma correta e seguraprescrição medicamentosa. Materiais e Métodos: A amostra foi definida por conveniência, correspondendo a 132 alunos matriculados na Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) e Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB), que já tivessem cursado a disciplina de farmacologia/terapêutica. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário, abordando questões objetivas e subjetivas. Para análise das informações obtidas foi elaborado um banco de dados no programa Excel e realizada estatística descritiva. Resultados: Os acadêmicos sentem necessidade de diversas informações a respeito de conhecimentos farmacológicos; a principal fonte de informação usada e que usará para a prescrição, foram os conhecimentos adquiridos na graduação e os livros didáticos; 58,3% e 85,4% dos alunos da UFPB e UEPB, respectivamente, consideraram insuficientes os conhecimentos adquiridos na graduação para se tornarem prescritor. Conclusão: Verificou-se que osacadêmicos de odontologia da UFPB e UEPB não se sentem seguros para desempenhar a prescrição. Os dados apontam para necessidade de aprimoramento dos conteúdos acadêmicos e formas de abordagem, commudanças nas metodologias de ensino.Descritores: Prescrições de medicamentos. Estudantes de Odontologia. Farmacologia clínica.
Desafios de um exercício de calibração para estudo epidemiológico envolvendo variáveis quantitativas e categóricas ordinais
Authors: Martins Andréa Maria Eleutério de Barros Lima , Silveira Marise Fagundes , Freitas Carolina Vieira de , Eleutério Núbia Barbosa , Oliveira Pablo Henrique Ataíde , Ferreira Raquel Conceição 
Published: March 2012

Objetivo: Relatar os desafios de um exercício de calibração de examinadores para estudo epidemiológico sobre maloclusão envolvendo variáveis quantitativas e categóricas ordinais, apresentando os resultados da consistência diagnóstica intra e interexaminadores. Materiais e Métodos: Voluntários foram selecionados antecipando condições que os examinadores encontrariam em campo. Maloclusão foi avaliada pelo DAI, cujos critérios foram expostos no treinamento teórico e reforçados no prático. Os examinadores foram divididos em grupos e os dados coletados por exame. As concordâncias inter e intraexaminadores foram estimadas pelo CCI (Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse) para o DAI geral e o CCI ou Kappaponderado (Kw) para os componentes do DAI, utilizando-se os programas PASW e Excel. Os examinadores com concordância inferior a 0,60 foram considerados inaptos e deveriam ser submetidos a mais um exercíciode calibração. Resultados: Em três exercícios de calibração, demorados e dispendiosos, 33 examinadores em sete grupos, examinaram e re-examinaram 315 escolares. As concordâncias interexaminadores para oDAI geral, entre os pares de examinadores, variaram de -09 a 0,99 (pobre à excelente). A concordância de todos os examinadores em conjunto, por grupo, variou de 0,51 a 0,96, (razoável a excelente). Na análise porcomponentes, concordâncias entre os pares de examinadores >0,60 nos sete grupos foram encontradas para dentição, apinhamento e diastema. Discordâncias entre pares de examinadores para alguns dos componentesforam observadas mesmo em grupos cuja concordância entre o mesmo par de examinadores foi satisfatória para DAI geral. Pela concordância intra-examinadores para o DAI geral, de 0,37 a 1 (pobre a excelente), dois examinadores foram inaptos; na avaliação por componentes do DAI, 11 apresentaram CCI e Kw<0,60. Conclusão: A calibração de examinadores configura-se como um desafio para os pesquisadores demandandotempo e esforço. A concordância obtida por componentes do DAI identifica maior número de examinadores inaptos, garantindo assim maior acurácia aos resultados do levantamento epidemiológico.Descritores: Avaliação. Epidemiologia. Reprodutibilidade dos testes.