bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a new α-aminophosphonate library. Crystal structure of p-XC6H4–NH–CH(p-BrC6H4)–P(O)(OiPr)2 (X = H, Br, CH3O)
Authors: Babashkina Maria G. , Safin Damir A. , Bolte Michael , Klein Axel 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
A new library of α-aminophosphonates of common formula R1NH–CH(R)–P(O)(OiPr)2, containing substituted phenyl and pyridine groups R and R1, were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H, 31P spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Crystal and molecular structures of three α-aminophosphonates p-XC6H4–NH–CH(p-XC6H4)–P(O)(OiPr)2 (X = H, Br, CH3O) were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
Structural features of intermetallic phases in the Ca–Zn–Al system
Authors: Pani Marcella , Fornasini Maria L. , Mazzone Donata , Merlo Franco 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The Ca–Zn–Al system has been investigated in the region from 8 to 33 at% Ca. The results show that the following phases are solid solutions based on the corresponding known binary compounds: Ca(Zn1–x
Al
x
)3 (x = 0 – 0.23, CaZn3 type), Ca(Zn1–x
Al
x
)4 (x = 0.47 – 1.00, BaAl4 type), Ca1–y
(Zn1–x
Al
x
)5+2y (x = 0 – 0.12 and y = 0 – 0.12, CaCu5-derived TbCu7 type), Ca(Zn1–x
Al
x
)11 (x = 0 – 0.018, BaCd11 type), while the phase Ca2(Zn1–x
Al
x
)17 (x = 0.05 – 0.17, Th2Zn17 type) exists with a ternary composition only. In all pseudobinary systems the cell volume generally increases with increasing Al content, as expected for the higher atomic volume of Al compared with Zn. A substitution of Al for Zn is generally observed, but preferential occupations, namely different Al/Zn ratio values, occur for different crystallographic sites. This phenomenon gives rise to anomalous trends in the variations of the lattice parameters.
Temozolomide treatment of a pituitary carcinoma and two pituitary macroadenomas resistant to conventional therapy
Authors: Hagen C , Schroeder H D , Hansen S , Hagen C , Andersen M 
Published: August 2009

ObjectiveAggressive pituitary tumours may be difficult to treat. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating cytostaticum. In a small number of cases, TMZ therapy has been reported to reduce pituitary tumour size and hormone hypersecretion.DesignWe present three patients with pituitary tumours treated with TMZ. One tumour was initially a macroprolactinoma that developed into a mixed GH- and prolactin-secreting carcinoma (patient A). To our knowledge, this is the first published in English literature. Two adenomas, a macroprolactinoma (patient B) and a clinically non-functioning pituitary adenoma (patient C), were highly invasive. The three patients suffered from extensive tumour mass effects, and all tumours were resistant to conventional treatment.MethodTMZ, 150–200 mg/m2 of body surface area was administered orally for 5 days during each 28-day cycle.ResultDuring TMZ therapy, tumour sizes were significantly reduced, hormone levels normalized and symptoms of mass effects decreased in all three cases. The carcinoma was treated from 2004 to 2006 (23 months). Three years after the terminating treatment, the tumour has not regrown and hormone levels are normalized. Immunohistochemical staining for methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) was negative in two patients (A and B), and in one patient (C) a few nuclei stained positive.ConclusionTMZ therapy significantly decreased tumour volume, hormone hypersecretion and symptoms in all three patients, corresponding to the pathological findings regarding MGMT. TMZ therapy may be a new option for the treatment of resistant pituitary adenomas.
Influence of Recombinant Human Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor on Lateral Ridge Augmentation Using Biphasic Calcium Phosphate and Guided Bone Regeneration: A Histomorphometric Study in Dogs
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Sager Martin , Ferrari Daniel , Mihatovic Ilja , Becker Jürgen 
Published: August 2009

Background: The present study investigated the effects of recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (rhPDGF‐BB) on initial bone formation following lateral ridge augmentation using biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) in combination with a native collagen membrane (CM) in dogs.Methods: Eight chronic‐type mandibular lateral ridge defects in four beagle dogs (two defects each) were randomly allocated in a split‐mouth design to BCP + rhPDGF‐BB + CM (test) or BCP + CM (control). After 3 weeks, dissected blocks were prepared for immunohistochemical (angiogenesis‐transglutaminase II [TG]) and histomorphometric analysis (e.g., augmented area [AA] and mineralized tissue [MT]). The biologic activity of rhPDGF‐BB soak‐loaded BCP was verified by means of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase assays in a SaOs‐2‐osteoblast‐like cell culture.Results: Both groups exhibited a comparable pattern of blood vessel and bone formation that mainly originated from the adjacent alveolar bone. However, test sites revealed a pronounced TG antigen reactivity, which was associated with statistically significant higher mean AA (8.5 ± 0.9 mm2 versus 7.1 ± 1.1 mm2) and MT (2.7 ± 0.9 mm2 versus 1.7 ± 0.8 mm2) values compared to the control sites (P <0.05; paired t test).Conclusion: BCP + rhPDGF‐BB might have the potential to support the initial stages of guided bone regeneration at chronic‐type lateral ridge defects.
Effect of Two Bioabsorbable Barrier Membranes on Bone Regeneration of Standardized Defects in Calvarial Bone: A Comparative Histomorphometric Study in Pigs
Authors: Bornstein Michael M. , Heynen Guy , Bosshardt Dieter D. , Buser Daniel 
Published: August 2009

Background: The effect of two different bioabsorbable collagen membranes on bone regeneration was assessed in standardized, membrane‐protected calvarial defects in pigs.Methods: Two standardized defect types (6 × 6 × 6 mm and 9 × 9 × 9 mm) were produced in the calvaria of pigs: empty defects without a membrane (group 1; eight defects per size); defects filled with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) without a membrane (group 2; eight defects per size); defects filled with DBBM and covered by a collagen membrane (group 3; eight defects per size); and defects filled with DBBM and covered by a cross‐linked collagen membrane (CCM) (group 4; eight defects per size). Sacrifice took place 16 weeks after surgery, and the following parameters were analyzed: descriptive histology; semiquantitative histology (SQH), assessing bone regeneration in the whole defect area; and histomorphometric analysis of the percentage of bone and DBBM in the regenerated area at three different depth levels of the defect.Results: Using SQH, both membrane types resulted in significantly better bone regeneration compared to groups 1 and 2, irrespective of the defect size (P <0.005), with no difference between the two membranes. In the histomorphometric analysis, the layer immediately below the surface exhibited a significantly higher percentage of bone in groups 3 (27%) and 4 (36%) versus the two other groups for the 9 × 9 × 9‐mm defects. No such differences were apparent for the 6 × 6 × 6‐mm defects or the other two depth levels (bottom and middle layer) for either defect size.Conclusions: The two collagen membranes tested significantly enhanced bone regeneration, especially in the superficial level of the calvarial bone defects. The prototype CCM did not provide any further advantage in the present animal model.
Effect of Ridge Morphology on Guided Bone Regeneration Outcome: Conventional Tomographic Study
Authors: Park Sang‐Hoon , Brooks Sharon L. , Oh Tae‐Ju , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: August 2009

Background: This study retrospectively analyzed conventional tomograms to estimate the prognostic value of the cross‐sectional ridge morphology on the clinical outcome of guided bone regeneration (GBR).Methods: Presurgical conventional tomograms of 23 single‐implant sites were analyzed retrospectively in 20 patients. All sites had a non–space‐making buccal dehiscence defect associated with the subsequently placed dental implant. Simultaneous GBR procedures were performed, and 6‐month clinical outcomes were assessed. Measurements at baseline and at the 6‐month reentry included defect height (from smooth–rough junction to the most apical part of the defect) and horizontal bone gain at three locations (smooth–rough junction, middle, and most apical portion of the defect). All measurements were taken from a reference template. Tomographic parameters included the implant‐associated ridge angle and width measured at 6 mm below the alveolar crest and at the most apical point of the implant. Implant exposure and the presence of the barrier membrane were controlled for during statistical analyses.Results: The presurgical ridge angle had a significant negative correlation with the percentage of defect height reduction (r = −0.621; P = 0.002) and horizontal bone gain (r = −0.469; P = 0.024). This difference remained significant even after controlling for implant/membrane exposure (P = 0.001 and P = 0.019, respectively). A statistically and clinically greater percentage of defect height reduction was observed for ridge angles <28° (P = 0.023). Ridge width did not have a significant effect on the regenerative outcome.Conclusion: Cross‐sectional presurgical ridge angles may have prognostic value in estimating the outcome of simultaneous GBR.
Descriptive Analysis of Implant and Prosthodontic Survival Rates With Fixed Implant–Supported Rehabilitations in the Edentulous Maxilla
Authors: Lambert France E. , Weber Hans‐Peter , Susarla Srinivas M. , Belser Urs C. , Gallucci German O. 
Published: August 2009

Background: This descriptive study reviewed the 1‐ to 15‐year survival rates of fixed implant rehabilitations in the edentulous maxilla.Methods: An electronic search was conducted, and cohort studies with 1‐ to 15‐year follow‐ups were identified by two independent reviewers. The implant and prosthodontic survival rates were reviewed at 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐year endpoints. Descriptive analysis includes surface characteristics, bone‐augmentation procedure, prosthetic design, and implant number and distribution along the edentulous maxilla.Results: Thirty‐three studies, including 1,320 patients and 8,376 implants, were selected for analysis. The overall calculated implant survival rates ranged from 94% (1 year) to 87.7% (15 years). The implant survival rates for rough‐surface implants ranged from 97% (1 year) to 98% (15 years); machined implants showed survival rates of 92% to 87.7%; respectively. Implants placed in native bone had greater survival rates than those placed in augmented bone. The prosthodontic survival rate ranged from 98.2% at 1 year to 92.1% at the 10‐year endpoint, and it was only influenced by the implant number and distribution.Conclusions: Implants with rough surfaces showed a statistically higher survival rate than machined implants at all intervals. Implants placed in augmented bone had a statistically lower survival rate, except for rough‐surface implants, for which no statistical difference between augmented and non‐augmented bone survival rates was found. Machined implants showed a stable survival rate only when placed in native bone. When machined implants were placed in augmented bone, the survival rate decreased significantly at each study endpoint. The prosthetic design, veneering material, and the number of prostheses per arch had no influence on the prosthodontic survival rate. Implant number and distribution along the edentulous maxilla seemed to influence the prosthodontic survival rate.
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS AND 3D FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF A MOBILE-BEARING ARTIFICIAL HIGH FLEXION KNEE
Authors: Sivarasu Sudesh , Mathew Lazar 
Published: August 2009

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been the end-time surgical procedure for pain relief and movement restoration in cases of severe arthritis. The knee implant design plays a vital role in deciding the activity levels of a patient after total knee replacement (TKR). In about 90% of younger patients undergoing the knee replacement surgeries, the restriction is not from the subject but from the implant design. This paper discusses parameters affecting the activity levels after TKR. It also briefs the design aspects of a novel knee design that allows the normal high flexion activity even after TKR. The application of finite element modeling in medical applications has been evolving as the field of high importance especially in the development of medical devices. The TKA has been in existence for over six decades till now. The generic artificial knee implants used in the TKA have the restriction in its range of motion of about 90°. A new design allowing flexion extension range of over 120° was designed with a view to facilitate partial squatting and the same is used for the analysis purpose. The loading conditions of 10 times the body weight are considered. The finite element analyses of the designs were carried out based on standard biomaterial used in orthopedic implants. In this paper, we have discussed the results of analyses of an artificial knee with titanium (Ti) alloy. The results of the analyses were used in identifying areas of extreme stresses within the design and the spot prone for higher deformation. Based on these results, slight modification on the designs was carried out. The results are also verified whether the body is within the linear deformation levels. As the results obtained were very satisfactory, the models have been recommended for prototyping.
Imaging features of extraaxial musculoskeletal tuberculosis
Authors: Vanhoenacker Filip M , Sanghvi Darshana , De Backer Adelard 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) continues to be a public health problem in both developing and industrialized countries. TB can involve pulmonary as well as extrapulmonary sites. The musculoskeletal system is involved in 1-3% of patients with tuberculosis. Although musculoskeletal TB has become uncommon in the Western world, it remains a huge problem in Asia, Africa, and many developing countries. Tuberculous spondylitis is the most common form of musculoskeletal TB and accounts for approximately 50% of cases. Extraspinal musculoskeletal TB shows a predilection for large joints (hip and knee) and para-articular areas; isolated soft tissue TB is extremely rare. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are mandatory to prevent serious destruction of joints and skeletal deformity. However, due to the nonspecific and often indolent clinical presentation, the diagnosis may be delayed. Radiological assessment is often the first step in the diagnostic workup of patients with musculoskeletal TB and further investigations are decided by the findings on radiography. Both the radiologist and the clinician should be aware of the possibility of this diagnosis. In this manuscript we review the imaging features of extraspinal bone, joint, and soft tissue TB.
Vesicovaginal reflux: A case report
Authors: Warade Monali , Majid Yameen , Dayananda L , Gupta Kanchan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractVesicovaginal reflux is a common cause of urinary incontinence in girls. A micturating cystourethrogram, which is the diagnostic investigation of choice, can demonstrate retrograde filling of the vagina during micturition and the complete emptying of the vagina at the end of micturition. Vesicovaginal reflux is a rare cause of gross hydrocolpos occurring without any anatomical obstruction. The condition may be associated with functional voiding disturbances.
PET/CT guidance for percutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology/biopsy
Authors: Govindarajan MJ , Nagaraj KR , Kallur KG , Sridhar PS 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPET/CT, used as a guiding tool, can improve the accuracy of percutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)/biopsy due to its ability to incorporate both physiological and anatomical information.
Case Report: Littoral cell angioma of spleen
Authors: Rana Netra , Ming Zhang , Hui Ma Shao , Bin Yan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLittoral cell angioma is a rare primary vascular neoplasm of the spleen, composed of littoral cells that line the splenic sinuses of the red pulp. It was thought to be a benign, incidental lesion. However, many recent reports have described it to be a malignant lesion with congenital and immunological associations. The definitive diagnosis can only be made after histology and immunohistochemistry studies.
Double fetus-in-fetu: CT scan diagnosis in an adult
Authors: Daga BV , Chaudhary VA , Ingle Amit S , Dhamangaokar Vinayak B , Jadhav Deepti P , Kulkarni Prasanna A 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA fetus-in-fetu (FIF) is an uncommon developmental abnormality characterized by a reasonably well-formed but aborted fetus that is seen in the form of an encapsulated, pedunculated vertebrate tumor in the patient′s abdomen. We report an interesting case of a double FIF in a 20-year-old man, who presented with acute abdominal pain and a lump. CT scan of the abdomen revealed two ill-formed fetuses-in-fetu, which were seen as a 15-cm complex, encapsulated mass in the lower retroperitoneum; there was also free fluid in the abdomen. The diagnosis of a ruptured twin FIF was made. Complete surgical excision of the lesion was performed and the diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically. To the best of our knowledge, the CT scan findings of a ruptured double FIF in an adult have not been previously documented.
Reliability of Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Sirringhaus Henning 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this article, we review current understanding of the reliability of organic field‐effect transistors, with a particular focus on degradation of device characteristics under bias stress conditions. We discuss the various factors that have been found to influence the operational stability of different material systems, including dependence on stress voltage and duty cycle, gate dielectric, environmental conditions, light exposure, and contact resistance. A key question concerns the role of extrinsic factors, such as oxidation or presence of moisture, and that of intrinsic factors, such as the inherent structural and electronic disorder that is present in thin organic semiconductor films. We also review current understanding of the microscopic defects that could play a role in charge trapping in organic semiconductors.
Anwendung von massiv paralleler Berechnung mit Grafikkarten (GPGPU) für CFD‐Methoden im Brandschutz
Authors: Belaschk Hendrik C. , Münch Matthias 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDer Einsatz von Brandsimulationsprogrammen, die auf den Methoden der Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) beruhen, wird in der Praxis immer breiter. Infolge der Zunahme von verfügbarer Rechenleistung in der Computertechnik können heute die Auswirkungen möglicher Brandszenarien nachgebildet und daraus nützliche Informationen für den Anwendungsfall gewonnen werden (z. B. Nachweis der Zuverlässigkeit von Brandschutzkonzepten). Trotz der erzielten Fortschritte reicht die Leistung von heute verfügbaren Computern bei weitem nicht aus, um einen Gebäudebrand mit allen beteiligten physikalischen und chemischen Prozessen mit der höchstmöglichen Genauigkeit zu simulieren. Die in den Computerprogrammen zur Berechnung der Brand‐ und Rauchausbreitung implementierten Modelle stellen daher immer einen Kompromiss zwischen der praktischen Recheneffizienz und dem Detailgrad der Modellierung dar. Im folgenden Aufsatz wird gezeigt, worin die Ursachen für den hohen Rechenbedarf der CFD‐Methoden liegen und welche Problemstellungen und möglichen Fehlerquellen sich aus den getroffenen Modellvereinfachungen für den Ingenieur ergeben. Darüber hinaus wird ein neuer Technologieansatz vorgestellt, der die Rechenleistung eines Personalcomputers unter Verwendung spezieller Software und handelsüblicher 3D‐Grafikkarten massiv erhöht. Hierzu wird am Beispiel des Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) demonstriert, dass sich die erforderliche Berechnungszeit für eine Brandsimulation auf einem Personalcomputer um den Faktor 20 und mehr verringern lässt.Application of general‐purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) in CFD techniques for fire safety simulations.The use of fire simulation programs based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques is becoming more and more widespread in practice. The increase in available computing power enables the effects of possible fire scenarios to be modelled in order to derive useful information for practical applications (e.g. analysis of the reliability of fire protection concepts). However, despite the progress in computing power the performance of currently available computers is inadequate for simulating a building fire including all relevant physical and chemical processes with maximum accuracy. The models for calculating the spread of fire and smoke implemented in the computer programs therefore always represent a compromise between practical computing efficiency and level of modelling detail. This paper illustrates the reasons for the high computing power demand of CFD techniques and describes potential problems and sources of error resulting from simplifications applied in the models. In addition, the paper presents a new technology approach that significantly increases the computing power of a PC using special software and standard 3D graphics cards. The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is used as an example to demonstrate how the required calculation time for a fire simulation on a PC can be reduced by a factor of 20 and more.
Analytische Herleitung von Anforderungen an den Luftschallschutz zwischen Räumen
Authors: Moll Wolfgang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractVor dem Hintergrund der Auseinandersetzungen um die Höhe des Schallschutzes der zurzeit überarbeiteten DIN 4109 “Schallschutz im Hochbau” befasst sich der Autor kritisch mit der bisherigen Art der Festlegung bauakustischer Anforderungen. In Anbetracht der fehlenden physikalischen Legitimation dieser Anforderungen – früher an die Schalldämmwerte, jetzt an die Schallschutzwerte – schlägt der Verfasser die gezielte Berechnung der nachhallzeitbezogenen Schallschutzanforderungen vor, und zwar auf der Basis allgemein bekannter Ausgangsdaten, wie z. B. der Schallleistung der einzelnen Quellen, der Verdeckung durch den Grundpegel etc. Das Verfahren wird ausführlich erläutert und beispielhaft erklärt. Für die Abstufungen Mindestschallschutz, erhöhter Schallschutz, hoher Schallschutz werden Basiswerte vorgeschlagen, die dann in die gezielte Bestimmung der Anforderungsgrößen einfließen.Analytical derivation of requirements for airborne sound insulation between rooms.Against the background of the debate about sound protection levels in the current revision of DIN 4109 “Sound insulation in buildings” the author critically examines the existing methodology for determining acoustic requirements. In view of the lack of physical legitimation of these requirements – previously sound insulation values, now sound protection values – the author proposes targeted calculation of reverberation‐related sound protection requirements based on generally known basic data, including the sound power levels of individual sources, masking through background noise, etc. The technique is explained in detail and illustrated by means of examples. Basic values are proposed for minimum sound protection, increased sound protection and high sound protection, which are then used for determining the requirements for individual parameters.