bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do components of colonization ‐ dispersal cycles affect the offspring sex ratios of Banks grass mites (Oligonychus pratensis)?
Authors: Stiefel V. L. , Margolies D. C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe effects of two host plant species, immature rearing density, and feeding‐induced leaf damage on the offspring sex ratios of individual Banks grass mites (BGM) (Oligonychus pratensis Banks) were examined. Offspring sex ratios did not differ among corn‐reared females transferred to corn or two sorghum genotypes. Likewise, the offspring sex ratios did not differ among females from three rearing densities. However, female BGM reared on damaged leaves produced significantly more daughters than females reared on undamaged leaves. This suggests that offspring sex ratios of BGM change in response to a deteriorating food source. Greater daughter production on a deteriorating host results in more potential dispersers and colonizers of new host plants. This may be an important adaptation facilitating the colonization‐dispersal episodes that characterize the BGM life history.
Deterrence of feeding and oviposition responses of adult Heliothis virescens by some compounds bitter‐tasting to humans
Authors: Ramaswamy S. B. , Cohen N. E. , Hanson F. E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSome compounds that are bitter‐tasting to humans, both alkaloidal (quinine, quinidine, atropine, caffeine) and non‐alkaloidal (denatonium benzoate, sucrose octaacetate, naringin), deterred feeding and oviposition by Heliothis virescens (F.) in laboratory and field cage experiments. Preliminary electrophysiological studies of gustatory sensilla on the ovipositor of H. virescens provided evidence of 3 neurons, one of which is responsive to sucrose. Preliminary indications are that responses of this neuron may be inhibited by quinine and denatonium benzoate.
Effect of experience on in‐flight orientation to host‐associated cues in the generalist parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes
Authors: Grasswitz T. R. , Paine T. D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe effect of experience on the responsiveness of the aphidiid parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) to host‐associated cues was investigated using a wind‐tunnel bioassay. Naive females were able to discriminate between uninfested wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wheat infested with Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Homoptera: Aphididae), but oviposition experience significantly increased the parasitoid's propensity to respond to aphid‐infested plants with upwind, targeted flight. The behavioural change associated with such experience was acquired rapidly (within five minutes) and persisted for at least 24 h. The parasitoid could be successfully conditioned to associate a novel odour with the presence of hosts, suggesting that the increase in response to aphid‐infested plants which occurs as a result of experience is probably due to associative learning of olfactory cues from the plant‐aphid complex.
Pheromone monitoring in the field using single sensillum recording
Authors: Van der Pers J. N. C. , Minks A. K. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn order to obtain direct information of stimulus dynamics perceived by a male moth under field conditions a portable device was constructed which enables continuous recording of responses from individual pheromone receptors. The device is suitable for tip recording by means of micro‐knives as well as for recording with tungsten electrodes making it applicable for a wide range of insects. A micro thermistor air velocity sensor is placed within 2 mm from the preparation to record the momentary air flow. The signal conditioning electronic circuits are battery powered, and the signals can be stored on a portable tape recorder. Field recordings were made from individual male antennal pheromone receptors of Aegeria myopaeformis and Adoxophyes orana. In all recordings the instantaneous firing frequency of the receptor cells was strongly modulated by the air velocity. Analysis of the data may provide information about the average pheromone concentration and the fine structure of pheromone plumes under various conditions.
Effects of agroecosystem diversification on natural enemies of soybean herbivores
Authors: Tonhasca Athayde 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of agroecosystem diversification through no‐tillage and strip intercropping on the abundance of natural enemies of soybean (Glycine max Merrill) herbivores. Twenty‐four plots (289 m2 each) were arranged in a randomized complete block design for a 3 by 2 factorial experiment. Factors were cropping systems (corn monoculture, soybean monoculture, and strip intercropping of corn and soybean) and tillage systems (no‐tillage and conventional tillage). Natural enemies were sampled during 1988, 1989 and 1990 by sweep net, suction net (D‐Vac), pitfall traps and quadrat samples. Analyses of variance indicated that of 15 taxa analyzed, most foliage‐inhabiting natural enemies were significantly more abundant in intercropping than in monoculture plots, whereas soil‐inhabiting natural enemies had higher numbers in no‐tillage plots than conventional tillage plots. Therefore, the results support the theory of greater abundance of natural enemies in more complex agroecosystems. Better environmental conditions in diversified treatments was the possible reason for these results. Corn in intercropping plots provided shade, reduced wind speed, alternate food, and possibly higher humidity and lower temperatures for soybean natural enemies. A similar effect was likely caused by the stubble and weeds in no‐tillage plots.
The genetic basis of host range in Heliothis virescens: larval survival and growth
Authors: Sheck A. L. , Gould F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLarval feeding was assayed in a generalist caterpillar (Heliothis virescens (F.)), a specialist caterpillar (Heliothis subflexa (Gn.)), their F1 hybrids and a backcross with H.s. to gain a preliminary understanding of the genetic basis of host use in H.v. Plants used in these experiments were tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), soybean (Glycine max) (hosts of H.v.) and ground cherry (Physalis pubescens) (host of H.s.).A feeding study of H.v., H.s. and their reciprocal hybrids showed that, after the first eight days of feeding, H.v. had its highest survival and weight gain on soybean and had lowest survival and weight gain on its non‐host, Physalis. H.s. had its highest survival and weight gain on its host plant, Physalis, and performed very poorly on the three non‐host plants. The two F1 hybrids were SV0 (offspring of H.s. female and H.v. male) and VS0 (offspring of H.v. female and H.s. male). The hybrids did not differ from each other, indicating no sex linkage or maternal effects, except that VS0 had greater weight gain on tobacco than did SV0. The hybrids, unlike their parents, survived well on all four host plants and their weight gain was intermediate on all four host plants.In a separate experiment the VS0 hybrid was mated to the specialist to produce the VS1 backcross. In contrast to the F1, the backcross had significantly lower survival than the generalist on soybean, cotton, tobacco and weight gain was lower on soybean, cotton and tobacco but higher on Physalis. Survival and weight gain on cotton and tobacco were inherited as partially dominant traits; on Physalis there was overdominance for survival and complete dominance for weight gain; on soybean both survival and weight gain were additive. Survival on cotton, Physalis, soybean and tobacco and weight gain on Physalis could not be completely explained by a model that included only dominance and additive effects. These traits may be influenced by epistatic and/or environmental effects.
The responses of Praon spp. parasitoids to aphid sex pheromone components in the field
Authors: Hardie Jim , Hick Alastair J. , Höller Carsten , Mann Judy , Merritt Lynda , Nottingham Stephen F. , Powell Wilf , Wadhams Lester J. , Witthinrich Jan , Wright Ann F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn autumn 1991, aphid parasitoids of the genus Praon (Hymenoptera; Braconidae) were caught in water traps with lures containing synthetic aphid sex pheromone components at three sites in England and one in Germany. At two of the English sites and at the German site, the traps were placed in winter cereal fields whilst the third English site was in woodland. Three species were caught, P. volucre, P. dorsale and P. abjectum. Those caught in cereal fields were almost entirely P. volucre, whilst P. dorsale dominated at the woodland site. Of the known aphid sex pheromone components, the most effective lure was the (+)‐(4aS,7S,7aR)‐nepetalactone. Nepetalactone traps placed at the woodland site in spring and summer caught few Praon females, and attraction may be confined to the autumn, when sexual female aphids are present in the field. Male parasitoids did not respond to the aphid pheromones at any time, although they were caught in suction traps operated at the woodland site during the autumn. At the cereal sites height had a significant influence on the efficiency of the pheromone traps, those placed just above the crop canopy being most effective. There was no evidence that any other genus of parasitoid responded to aphid sex pheromones at these sites.
Body temperature and thermoregulation of Antheraea assama larvae
Authors: Bardoloi Sunayan , Hazarika Lakshmi K. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractActivity patterns and body temperature (Tb) and its maintenance were investigated in the 5th instar larvae of Antheraea assama Westwood (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). These larvae thermoregulate by finding and utilizing favourable microenvironments and by restricting their activities to suitable times of the day. Further convective cooling, facilitated by a raised posture also serves to ameliorate Tb. Regression analysis suggests that environmental temperature is the major determinant of Tb along with solar radiation (SR) and wind (W).
Induction and termination of diapause in Orius predatory bugs
Authors: van den Meiracker R. A. F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPhotoperiodic induction of reproductive diapause at 18 °C was investigated in four Orius [Heteroptera: Anthocoridae] species. Orius insidiosus (Say) displayed a long‐day response with a critical photoperiod between L11:D13 and L12:D12. Diapause in this species was terminated rapidly when the temperature and/or the daylength were increased. Orius majusculus (Reuter) also displayed a long‐day response. The critical photoperiod fell between L14:D10 and L16:D8. Diapause in this species was not terminated within 14 days when both temperature and daylength were increased. In Orius albidipennis (Reuter) no diapause could be induced at photoperiods varying from L8:D16 to L16:D8. In Orius tristicolor (White) a high proportion of diapause was found at all photoperiods tested.The effect of temperature on photoperiodic induction of diapause was studied in O. insidiosus at L10:D14. Diapause occurred at 18 °C, 21 °C and 25 °C, but not at 30 °C. Again, diapause was terminated rapidly after transfer to 25 °C/L16:D8. Exposing only the nymphal instars 1–5 to short daylength was not enough to induce diapause in the whole population of O. majusculus. Orius predatory bugs are used as biocontrol agents against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) [Thysanoptera: Thripidael, in greenhouses. The consequences of photoperiodic induction of diapause for the success of early season releases of Orius are discussed.
Continuous rearing of the maize stem borer Busseola fusca on an artificial diet
Authors: Onyango F. O. , Ochieng‘‐Odero J. P. R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBusseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major pest of maize and sorghum in many countries of tropical Africa. Hitherto, research on this important pest has been hampered by the occurrence of a six‐month long diapause in the last larval stage and the lack of an artificial diet for rearing the insect in the laboratory. Incorporating 4 to 8‐week‐old sorghum powder in a nutritionally adequate diet and rearing larvae individually in vials at ambient laboratory conditions (25–30 °C, 50–80% r.h., and L12: D12) have made it possible to rear 15 successive non‐diapausing generations of B. fusca capable of producing between 35 to 40 healthy pupae/litre of diet and upto 70% pupation without loss of vigour or reproductive capacity. Five to six generations were completed per year and the overall mean developmental period (egg‐egg) was 68 days (egg 6, larval 45, pre‐pupal 1, pupal 14 and pre‐oviposition 2 days). Larval period lasted 70 days in the first generation compared to 32.3 days in the fifteenth generation. Average fecundity increased from 158.0 to 394.6 eggs per female with a concomitant increase of egg hatch from 44.8 to 79.6% in the first and fifteenth generation, respectively.
Toxicity and repellency of some biorational insecticides to Bemisia argentifolii on tomato plants
Authors: Liu Tong‐Xian , Stansly Philip A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA mineral oil, an insecticidal soap, and a plant‐derived surfactant were compared with a broad‐spectrum pyrethroid for residual toxicity and repellency to silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Miller, cv. Lanai) under greenhouse and laboratory conditions. The materials tested were: Sunspray oil (a mineral oil), M‐Pede (an insecticidal soap), Nicotiana gossei extract (a sucrose ester surfactant), Garlic Barrier (repellency only), and the pyrethroid bifenthrin (Brigade 10WP), with water as a control. For toxicity studies, whiteflies were confined on leaves which had been dipped in solutions of 0.5 ×, 1 × and 2 × field rate concentrations. Insecticide residues were compared when the leaves were wet and dry. Adult mortalities were greatest with bifenthrin and Sunspray oil, followed by M‐Pede, N. gossei extract and water. Mortality from dry residue of lower rates of bifenthrin and Sunspray oil was greater than mortality from wet residues, whereas M‐Pede lost all activity upon drying. Dual and multiple choice tests for repellency were carried out in the greenhouse or laboratory by spraying plants or individual leaves to runoff with 1 × field concentrations. Bifenthrin and Sunspray oil repelled B. argentifolii adults for up to 7 and 5 days, respectively, followed by M‐Pede and extract of N. gossei, whereas Garlic Barrier was not significantly different from the water control in all tests. Numbers of whitefly eggs were significantly reduced on bifenthrin and Sunspray oil‐treated leaves, whereas egg numbers in other treatments were not different from water. Sunspray oil as a dip proved to be at least as effective as the synthetic pyrethroid for whitefly control. A multiple‐choice leaf‐wheel proved to be a useful device to quickly evaluate repellent effects of several different insecticides to whitefly.
Precedence of the first male sperm in successive matings in the Hymenoptera Diadromus pulchellus
Authors: Agoze Mona El , Poirié Marylène , Périquet Georges 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn most insect species where double matings occur, sperm from the second male preferentially fertilize subsequent eggs. However, we demonstrate here that, as already shown for some other hymenopteran species, this is not the case in the ichneumonid wasp Diadromus pulchellus (Wesmeal): sperm from the first male usually father all the female progeny. This precedence of the first male sperm is also observed in double matings involving an haploid male and a diploid sterile male, whichever is the first mating male. We discuss the consequences of this phenomenon from an evolutionary point of view.
Flight initiation by Prostephanus truncatus in relation to time of day, temperature, relative humidity and starvation
Authors: Fadamiro Henry Y. , Wyatt Tristram D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractStudies were carried out in the laboratory on the influences of time of day, temperature, relative humidity and starvation on flight initiation by Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Flight occurred throughout the 12 h photophase and at the beginning of the scotophase but peaked at 2–0 h before darkness. Temperature exerted a significant effect on flight. The frequency of flight take‐off increased with temperature over the range 20–30 °C but declined sharply at 35 °C. Flight activity increased with starvation up to a maximum at 2 days after which it began to decline.
MicroRNA‐155 targets the SKI gene in human melanoma cell lines
Authors: Levati Lauretta , Pagani Elena , Romani Sveva , Castiglia Daniele , Piccinni Eugenia , Covaciu Claudia , Caporaso Patrizia , Bondanza Sergio , Antonetti Francesca R. , Bonmassar Enzo , Martelli Fabio , Alvino Ester , D’Atri Stefania 
Published: April 2011

SummaryThe SKI protein is a transcriptional coregulator over‐expressed in melanoma. Experimentally induced down‐regulation of SKI inhibits melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) negatively modulate gene expression and have been implicated in oncogenesis. We previously showed that microRNA‐155 (miR‐155) is down‐regulated in melanoma cells as compared with normal melanocytes and that its ectopic expression impairs proliferation and induces apoptosis. Here, we investigated whether miR‐155 could mediate melanoma growth inhibition via SKI gene silencing. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR‐155 interacted with SKI 3′UTR and impaired gene expression. Transfection of melanoma cells with miR‐155 reduced SKI levels, while inhibition of endogenous miR‐155 up‐regulated SKI expression. Specifically designed small interfering RNAs reduced SKI expression and inhibited proliferation. However, melanoma cells over‐expressing a 3′UTR‐deleted SKI were still susceptible to the antiproliferative effect of miR‐155. Our data demonstrate for the first time that SKI is a target of miR‐155 in melanoma. However, impairment of SKI expression is not the leading mechanism involved in the growth‐suppressive effect of miR‐155 found in this malignancy.
Combination Radioimmunotherapy and Chemoimmunotherapy Involving Different or the Same Targets Improves Therapy of Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Xenograft Models
Authors: Sharkey Robert M. , Karacay Habibe , Govindan Serengulam V. , Goldenberg David M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Chemoimmunotherapy with antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) is emerging as a promising therapy for solid tumors, whereas radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) of solid tumors has been relatively ineffective because of their resistance to radiation. We developed antibody–SN-38 conjugates that have significant antitumor activity in xenograft models at nontoxic doses. The goal of this study was to determine if an ADC could be combined with RAIT to enhance efficacy without a commensurate increase in host toxicity. Nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer xenografts (Capan-1 and BxPC-3) were treated with a single dose of 90Y-labeled antimucin antibody (hPAM4; clivatuzumab tetraxetan) alone or in combination with an anti-Trop-2–SN-38 conjugate, typically administered twice weekly over 4 weeks. The combination, even at RAIT's maximum tolerated dose, controlled tumor progression and cured established xenografts significantly better than the individual treatments without appreciable toxicity. The ADC could be started 1 week after or up to 2 weeks before RAIT with similar enhanced responses, but delaying RAIT for 2 weeks after the ADC was less effective. A nonspecific ADC provided additional benefit over using free drug (irinotecan), but the response was enhanced with the specific ADC. When targeting Capan-1 with ample mucin, hPAM4 could be used as the RAIT and the ADC agent without losing effectiveness, but in BxPC-3 with less mucin, targeting of different antigens was preferred. These studies show the feasibility of combining ADC and RAIT for improved efficacy without increased toxicity. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(6); 1072–81. ©2011 AACR.
Intriguing Aspects of the Monsoon Low-Level Jet over Peninsular India Revealed by High-Resolution GPS Radiosonde Observations
Authors: Roja Raman M. , Venkat Ratnam M. , Rajeevan M. , Jagannadha Rao V. V. M. , Bhaskara Rao S. Vijaya 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The strong cross-equatorial flow in the lower troposphere, widely known as the monsoon low-level jet (MLLJ), plays an important role in the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall during June–September. Using high-resolution GPS radiosonde observations over Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E), some new aspects of MLLJ have been reported. In the present study it is found that, on average, the MLLJ exists at 710 hPa over southeastern peninsular India, rather than at 850 hPa as reported by earlier studies. It is observed that the ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA)-Interim data provide better results on the spatial, temporal, and vertical variation of MLLJ. Further, the characteristics of the MLLJ during the active and break spells of ISM are also investigated; higher MLLJ core height and intensity are found during active phases of the Indian monsoon. This study emphasizes the use of high-resolution measurements for studying monsoon dynamics in detail.
Stochastic variation of transcript abundance in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Vedell Peter T , Svenson Karen L , Churchill Gary A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Transcripts can exhibit significant variation in tissue samples from inbred laboratory mice. We have designed and carried out a microarray experiment to examine transcript variation across samples from adipose, heart, kidney, and liver tissues of C57BL/6J mice and to partition variation into within-mouse and between-mouse components. Within-mouse variance captures variation due to heterogeneity of gene expression within tissues, RNA-extraction, and array processing. Between-mouse variance reflects differences in transcript abundance between genetically identical mice.

Results
The nature and extent of transcript variation differs across tissues. Adipose has the largest total variance and the largest within-mouse variance. Liver has the smallest total variance, but it has the most between-mouse variance. Genes with high variability can be classified into groups with correlated patterns of expression that are enriched for specific biological functions. Variation between mice is associated with circadian rhythm, growth hormone signaling, immune response, androgen regulation, lipid metabolism, and the extracellular matrix. Genes showing correlated patterns of within-mouse variation are also associated with biological functions that largely reflect heterogeneity of cell types within tissues.

Conclusions
Genetically identical mice can experience different individual outcomes for medically important traits. Variation in gene expression observed between genetically identical mice can identify functional classes of genes that are likely to vary in the absence of experimental perturbations, can inform experimental design decisions, and provides a baseline for the interpretation of gene expression data in interventional studies. The extent of transcript variation among genetically identical mice underscores the importance of stochastic and micro-environmental factors and their phenotypic consequences.