bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning-Based Approach for Automated Surface Inspection with Industrial Tomography Imaging
Authors: Saied Majd , Ali Reda , Francis Clovis , Radilla Giovanni , Noun Ziad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In recent years, advanced deep learning techniques have emerged as pivotal tools in enabling the development of robust vision-based solutions for steel surface inspection. This resulted in enhanced inspection accuracy, all while significantly reducing costs in the manufacturing industry. However, the lack of actual steel surface defects datasets currently places a certain constraint on further research into classifying those anomalies. As a consequence, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technique, known for its prowess in image-related tasks, faces certain challenges, especially in classifying less common defects. This work proposes a novel hybrid CNN model with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier at the output layer for surface defects classification. The features extracted from the pre-trained ResNet152 and EfficientB0 CNN algorithms are concatenated and fed to the SVM layer for classification. Extensive experiments on a merged dataset consisting of the publicly available Northeastern University (NEU) dataset and Xsteel surface defect dataset (X-SDD) are carried out and the accuracy and F1 scores are calculated for performance evaluation. The merged dataset contains eleven typical defect types with a total of 2660 defect images. Then, the adopted algorithm is compared with ten fine-tuned deep learning models to evaluate the performance of transfer learning for steel defect detection and identification. The evaluation results show that the deep feature extraction and SVM classification produced better results than the transfer learning. Finally, the proposed classifier model is validated on a newly collected dataset from a Computed Tomography scanner with an accuracy reaching over 96%.
Physical Activity Levels and Sedentary Behavior of People Living With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Thigh-Worn Accelerometers
Authors: Hopkins Jane , McVeigh Joanne A. , Hill Keith D. , Burton Elissa 
Published: April 2024

Community-dwelling people with Mild Cognitive Impairment self-reporting not to be meeting recommended physical activity levels participated in this study to (a) determine compliance of wearing (thigh-worn) accelerometers, (b) describe physical activity levels and sedentary behavior, and (c) determine the validity of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) compared with activPAL accelerometers. A total of 79 people had valid accelerometer data (median [interquartile range]: age, 71 [54–75] years). Compliance was 86.81%. Participants were sedentary for 10.6 hr per day and engaged in a median of 9 min per day of moderate-intensity physical activity. Fair correlations were found between the PASE and total stepping time per day (r = .35, p < .01), total number of steps per day (r = .36, p < .01), and number of steps in stepping activities completed for ≤1 min (r = .42, p < .01). The PASE and Standing time (r = .04, p = .724) and PASE and Sitting time (r = .04, p = .699) had little to no relationship. The use of thigh-worn accelerometers for this population is achievable. People with Mild Cognitive Impairment have high levels of sedentary behavior and minimal engagement in moderate-intensity physical activity. The PASE has fair, positive criterion validity with activity-based outcomes measured by activPAL accelerometers but not with sedentary behavior, which is high for this population.
Essential Motor Skills and Evidence-Based Activities for Enhancing Child Motor Skill Development During Out-of-School Time Programming: An Expert Consensus Study
Authors: Stoepker Peter , Biber Duke , Dauenhauer Brian , Robinson Leah E. , Dzewaltowski David A. 
Published: April 2024

Background: Locomotor and object control skills are considered essential skills for children to learn due to their potential impact in aiding in future health-enhancing physical activity. Evidence indicates that out-of-school time programs (OST) can provide meaningful movement opportunities for children. It has been found that leaders of OST programs are not equipped with the proper training to improve children’s motor skills. The purpose of this study was to gather expert consensus on the essential motor skills that should be practiced and evidence-based activities that should be integrated during OST programming. Methods: A three-round Delphi method was used to establish expert consensus on essential motor skills that children (5–10 years of age) should practice and evidence-based activities that should be integrated during OST programming to enhance child motor skill development. Results: Seven experts completed three rounds, and consensus was established (>70% agreement). Five essential motor skills were identified: overhand throwing, kicking, catching, jumping, and striking. Six evidence-based activities were agreed upon: team sport play, racket sports, swimming, resistance training, jogging/walking, and game-based approaches. Conclusion: Results from this study provide specific motor skills and evidence-based activities that program leaders could integrate during OST programming to enhance child motor skill development.
Enlightenment on Knee Flexors Strength Loss in Cases of Posterior Knee Pain After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Dauty Marc , Louguet Bastien , Menu Pierre , Grondin Jérôme , Crenn Vincent , Daley Pauline , Fouasson-Chailloux Alban 
Published: April 2024

Context: The persistence and the recurrence of posterior medial knee pain (PKP) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using hamstring tendon graft are often overlooked during rehabilitation. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Methods: The study aimed (1) to evaluate the prevalence of these types of PKP before 4 months post-ACLR, (2) to measure their consequences on the knee flexors strength, and (3) to evaluate the role of the type of ACLR. From a cohort of patients operated on with hamstring tendon procedures, the persistent and the recurrent PKP were sought at 4 months post-ACLR. The evolution of isokinetic muscle strength recovery in PKP subjects was compared with those of nonpainful subjects. The functional deficit was measured at 6/7 months post-ACLR by a hop test. Results: Three hundred seventeen subjects (25.8 [6.0] y) were included. At 4 months post-ACLR, 2 populations were identified based on the recurrent onset of PKP (PKP+, n = 40) or the absence of knee pain (PKP−, n = 277). The prevalence of PKP was 8.3%. At the fourth month post-ACLR, the PKP+ group had a higher flexor strength deficit compared with the PKP− group (limb symmetry index at 60°/s: 67.2% [12.4%] vs 84.3% [12.6%]; P < .05). At 6/7 months, the loss of strength persisted (limb symmetry index at 60°/s: 82.3% [13.4%] vs 87.7% [12.8%]; P < .05). The hop test deficit was comparable, and no difference was shown according to the type of graft. Conclusions: Persistent and recurrent PKP during the rehabilitation period were not uncommon and were associated with a worsening of flexors strength loss on the ACLR side.
Histone deacetylase Sir2 promotes the systemic
Candida albicans
infection by facilitating its immune escape via remodeling the cell wall and maintaining the metabolic activity
Authors: Yang Chen , Li Guanglin , Zhang Qiyue , Bai Wenhui , Li Qingiqng , Zhang Peipei , Zhang Jiye 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Histone deacetylation affects
Candida albicans
(
C. albicans
) pathogenicity by modulating virulence factor expression and DNA damage. The histone deacetylase Sir2 is associated with
C. albicans
plasticity and maintains genome stability to help
C. albicans
adapt to various environmental niches. However, whether Sir2-mediated chromatin modification affects
C. albicans
virulence is unclear. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of Sir2 on
C. albicans
pathogenicity and regulation. Here, we report that Sir2 is required for
C. albicans
pathogenicity, as its deletion affects the survival rate, fungal burden in different organs and the extent of tissue damage in a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis. We evaluated the impact of Sir2 on
C. albicans
virulence factors and revealed that the Sir2 null mutant had an impaired ability to adhere to host cells and was more easily recognized by the innate immune system. Comprehensive analysis revealed that the disruption of
C. albicans
adhesion was due to a decrease in cell surface hydrophobicity rather than the differential expression of adhesion genes on the cell wall. In addition, Sir2 affects the distribution and exposure of mannan and β-glucan on the cell wall, indicating that Sir2 plays a role in preventing the immune system from recognizing
C. albicans
. Interestingly, our results also indicated that Sir2 helps
C. albicans
maintain metabolic activity under hypoxic conditions, suggesting that Sir2 contributes to
C. albicans
colonization at hypoxic sites. In conclusion, our findings provide detailed insights into antifungal targets and a useful foundation for the development of antifungal drugs.

IMPORTANCE

Candida albicans
(
C. albicans
) is the most common opportunistic fungal pathogen and can cause various superficial infections and even life-threatening systemic infections. To successfully propagate infection, this organism relies on the ability to express virulence-associated factors and escape host immunity. In this study, we demonstrated that the histone deacetylase Sir2 helps
C. albicans
adhere to host cells and escape host immunity by mediating cell wall remodeling; as a result,
C. albicans
successfully colonized and invaded the host
in vivo
. In addition, we found that Sir2 contributes to carbon utilization under hypoxic conditions, suggesting that Sir2 is important for
C. albicans
survival and the establishment of infection in hypoxic environments. In summary, we investigated the role of Sir2 in regulating
C. albicans
pathogenicity in detail; these findings provide a potential target for the development of antifungal drugs.
Nitric oxide signaling through three receptors regulates virulence, biofilm formation, and phenotypic heterogeneity of
Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Michaelis Sarah , Chen Tong , Schmid Camille , Hilbi Hubert 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease,
Legionella pneumophila
, is an environmental bacterium, that replicates in macrophages, parasitizes amoeba, and forms biofilms.
L. pneumophila
employs the
Legionella
quorum sensing (Lqs) system and the transcription factor LvbR to control various bacterial traits, including virulence and biofilm architecture. LvbR negatively regulates the nitric oxide (NO) receptor Hnox1, linking quorum sensing to NO signaling. Here, we assessed the response of
L. pneumophila
to NO and investigated bacterial receptors underlying this process. Chemical NO donors, such as dipropylenetriamine (DPTA) NONOate and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), delayed and reduced the expression of the promoters for flagellin (P

flaA

) and the 6S small regulatory RNA (P

6SRNA

). Marker-less
L. pneumophila
mutant strains lacking individual (Hnox1, Hnox2, or NosP) or all three NO receptors (triple knockout, TKO) grew like the parental strain in media. However, in the TKO strain, the reduction of P

flaA

expression by DPTA NONOate was less pronounced, suggesting that the NO receptors are implicated in NO signaling. In the Δ
nosP
mutant, the
lvbR
promoter was upregulated, indicating that NosP negatively regulates LvbR. The single and triple NO receptor mutant strains were impaired for growth in phagocytes, and phenotypic heterogeneity of non-growing/growing bacteria in amoebae was regulated by the NO receptors. The single NO receptor and TKO mutant strains showed altered biofilm architecture and lack of response of biofilms to NO. In summary, we provide evidence that
L. pneumophila
regulates virulence, intracellular phenotypic heterogeneity, and biofilm formation through NO and three functionally non-redundant NO receptors, Hnox1, Hnox2, and NosP.

IMPORTANCE

The highly reactive diatomic gas molecule nitric oxide (NO) is produced by eukaryotes and bacteria to promote short-range and transient signaling within and between neighboring cells. Despite its importance as an inter-kingdom and intra-bacterial signaling molecule, the bacterial response and the underlying components of the signaling pathways are poorly characterized. The environmental bacterium
Legionella pneumophila
forms biofilms and replicates in protozoan and mammalian phagocytes.
L. pneumophila
harbors three putative NO receptors, one of which crosstalks with the
Legionella
quorum sensing (Lqs)-LvbR network to regulate various bacterial traits, including virulence and biofilm architecture. In this study, we used pharmacological, genetic, and cell biological approaches to assess the response of
L. pneumophila
to NO and to demonstrate that the putative NO receptors are implicated in NO detection, bacterial replication in phagocytes, intracellular phenotypic heterogeneity, and biofilm formation.
Draft genome sequences of 13
Tenacibaculum maritimum
isolates from farmed Norwegian
Cyclopterus lumpus
(lumpfish) and
Scophthalmus maximus
(turbot)
Authors: Spilsberg Bjørn , Nilsen Hanne K. , Gulla Snorre , Lagesen Karin , Colquhoun Duncan J. , Olsen Anne Berit 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Thirteen bacterial isolates of
Tenacibaculum maritimum
were sequenced and assembled. The strains were isolated from four disease outbreaks in farmed marine fish in Norway. Eight isolates were from
Cyclopterus lumpus
(lumpfish), and five were from
Scophthalmus maximus
(turbot). Overall, sequence similarity did not correlate with host species or geographic location.
Complete sequences of two
Paenibacillus
sp. strains and one
Lysinibacillus
strain isolated from the environment on STAA medium highlight biotechnological potential
Authors: Attéré Sabrina A. , Piché Laurie C. , Intertaglia Laurent , Lami Raphaël , Charette Steve J. , Vincent Antony T. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Streptomycin thallous acetate actidione medium is typically used to isolate
Brochothrix thermosphacta
bacteria from food. Using this medium, three bacterial strains were isolated from the environment. Genomic sequences demonstrated that these bacteria are of the genera
Lysinibacillus
and
Paenibacillus
and are of biotechnological interest.
Metagenome-assembled genome of
Zalaria obscura
strain JY119
Authors: Vighnesh Lakshmanan , Jagadeeshwari Uppada , Sasikala Chintalapati , Venkata Ramana Chintalapati 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Here, we report a 22.1-Mbp genome sequence of microcolonial fungi,
Zalaria obscura
, isolated from a pine tree bark. The microbiome of the new fungi is predicted to be largely associated with
Acidobacteriota
. The genome sequence of
Zalaria obscura
will help us in understanding the unusual relationship with
Acidobacteriota
member(s).
Draft genome sequences of 13
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
isolates from chickens, cows, and Canadian
Salmonella
outbreaks
Authors: Suh Jinha , O'Brien Bridget , Glenn II Paul D. , Cai Zhangbin , Daigle France , Faucher Sébastien P. , Ronholm Jennifer 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
is the etiological agent responsible for salmonellosis. Here, we report the draft whole genome sequences of 13
S
.
enterica
subsp.
enterica
isolates from chickens and cows, as well as from previous Canadian
Salmonella
outbreaks investigated by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.
Draft genome sequence of
Galbibacter
sp. PAP.153, isolated from a marine sponge in Papua, Indonesia
Authors: ‌ Riyanti , Zumkeller Celine M. , Spohn Marius , Mihajlovic Sanja , Schwengers Oliver , Goesmann Alexander , Riviani Riviani , Meinita Maria Dyah Nur , Hastuti Dewi Wisudyanti Budi , Prihatiningsih Isnaini , Dewi Rose , Schäberle Till F. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Galbibacter
sp. PAP.153 was isolated from a marine sponge. Here, we report its 4.12 Mbp draft genome sequence and rate its specialized metabolite production capacity with specific focus on the chemotaxonomic marker flexirubin.
Kinetics-based inference of environment-dependent microbial interactions and their dynamic variation
Authors: Song Hyun-Seob , Lee Na-Rae , Kessell Aimee K. , McCullough Hugh C. , Park Seo-Young , Zhou Kang , Lee Dong-Yup 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Microbial communities in nature are dynamically evolving as member species change their interactions subject to environmental variations. Accounting for such context-dependent dynamic variations in interspecies interactions is critical for predictive ecological modeling. In the absence of generalizable theoretical foundations, we lack a fundamental understanding of how microbial interactions are driven by environmental factors, significantly limiting our capability to predict and engineer community dynamics and function. To address this issue, we propose a novel theoretical framework that allows us to represent interspecies interactions as an explicit function of environmental variables (such as substrate concentrations) by combining growth kinetics and a generalized Lotka-Volterra model. A synergistic integration of these two complementary models leads to the prediction of alterations in interspecies interactions as the outcome of dynamic balances between positive and negative influences of microbial species in mixed relationships. The effectiveness of our method was experimentally demonstrated using a synthetic consortium of two
Escherichia coli
mutants that are metabolically dependent (due to an inability to synthesize essential amino acids) but competitively grow on a shared substrate. The analysis of the
E. coli
binary consortium using our model not only showed how interactions between the two amino acid auxotrophic mutants are controlled by the dynamic shifts in limiting substrates but also enabled quantifying previously uncharacterizable complex aspects of microbial interactions, such as asymmetry in interactions. Our approach can be extended to other ecological systems to model their environment-dependent interspecies interactions from growth kinetics.

IMPORTANCE
Modeling environment-controlled interspecies interactions through separate identification of positive and negative influences of microbes in mixed relationships is a new capability that can significantly improve our ability to understand, predict, and engineer the complex dynamics of microbial communities. Moreover, the prediction of microbial interactions as a function of environmental variables can serve as valuable benchmark data to validate modeling and network inference tools in microbial ecology, the development of which has often been impeded due to the lack of ground truth information on interactions. While demonstrated against microbial data, the theory developed in this work is readily applicable to general community ecology to predict interactions among macroorganisms, such as plants and animals, as well as microorganisms.
Mesoproterozoic to Paleozoic tectonics, Pleistocene landforms, and Holocene seismicity in the Blue Ridge: Results from integrated studies of the 9 August 2020, Mw 5.1 earthquake area near Sparta, North Carolina, USA
Authors: Merschat* Arthur J. , Carter* Mark W. , Lynn* Ashley , Stewart* Kevin G. , Figueiredo* Paula M. , Odom* William E. , McAleer* Ryan J. , Vazquez* Jorge , Powell* Nicholas E. , Holm-Denoma* Christopher S. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThis field trip examines the results of integrated geologic studies of the 9 August 2020, Mw 5.1 earthquake near Sparta, North Carolina, USA. The earthquake generated ~4 km of coseismic surface rupture of the Little River fault and uplifted a surface area of ~11 km2. The Little River fault is a thrust fault oriented 110–130°/45–70°SW, and mapped fault segments are en echelon with scarp heights from &lt;5–30 cm. The epicenter is in polydeformed rocks of the Ashe and Alligator Back Metamorphic Suites in the eastern Blue Ridge. Bedrock structure formed during multiple Paleozoic orogenies; the regional foliation strikes NE-SW and dips SE (mean orientation 063°/52°SE). Mapping identified late Paleozoic veins and shear zones, a regional joint set striking 330–340° and 250–240°, and brittle faults that cut the Paleozoic foliation. Brittle faults oriented similar to the Little River fault are mapped up to 4 km along strike from the coseismic rupture along Bledsoe Creek valley, and the combined length of the Little River fault system is ~8 km. Paleoseismic trenches across the Little River fault corroborate the reactivation of an older fault by the 2020 earthquake and reveal two events during late Pleistocene (&lt;50 ka). Surficial mapping identified several terrace deposits, including a deposit along Bledsoe Creek that yielded a 26Al/10Be isochron burial age of 0.46 ± 0.13 Ma and overlies a brittle fault, thus constraining the timing of movement of the fault at that location. Paleoliquefaction studies document soft-sediment deformation features in alluvium that may represent paleoseismic events. Collectively, these results highlight long-lived paleoseismicity of the Blue Ridge and that the 9 August 2020 earthquake reactivated an older, suitably oriented brittle fault in the bedrock. The Little River fault is an example of a previously unknown but active fault lying outside of known seismic zones with demonstrated recurrence of paleo-ruptures, raising questions about the assumption that damaging earthquakes are limited to areas of ongoing background seismicity, which is counter to seismic hazard assessments in the eastern United States.Bedrock mapping separates eastern Blue Ridge lithostratigraphy of the Lynchburg Group and Ashe and Alligator Back Metamorphic Suites into separate fault-bound packages juxtaposed over various 1.3–1.0 Ga basement rocks of the northern French Broad massif by the Gossan Lead fault.
Four distinct patterns of anterior cruciate ligament injury in women’s professional football (soccer): a systematic video analysis of 37 match injuries
Authors: Achenbach Leonard , Bloch Hendrik , Klein Christian , Damm Theresa , Obinger Matthias , Rudert Maximilian , Krutsch Werner , Szymski Dominik 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundTo identify mechanisms and patterns of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in adult women’s professional football by means of video match analysis.MethodsACL match injuries sustained in Germany’s first women’s league during the 2016–2017 to 2022–2023 seasons were prospectively analysed by three expert raters using a standardised observation form. Epidemiological and injury data, as well as the medical history of ACL tears, were obtained from media reports and the statutory accident insurance for professional athletes.ResultsThirty-seven ACL injuries sustained in official football matches were included in the video analysis, of which 24 (65%) had associated knee injuries, mainly meniscus and collateral ligament injuries. According to the categorised contact mechanisms, 17 (46%) were non-contact injuries, 14 indirect contact injuries (38%) and six direct contact injuries (16%). Of the 17 non-contact injuries, seven (41%) occurred during the first 15 min of the match. Contact mechanisms did not differ between primary and secondary ACL injuries to the same or the contralateral side. Most injuries (80%) of field players occurred during horizontal movements such as sprinting (n=9, 26%), change-of-direction manoeuvres (n=7, 19%), stopping (n=5, 14%) and lunging (n=5, 14%). Four distinct repetitive patterns of ACL match injuries were identified: (1) non-contact ‘pressing ACL injury’ (n=9), (2) indirect contact ‘parallel sprinting and tackling ACL injury’ (n=7), (3) direct contact ‘knee-to-knee ACL injury’ (n=6) and (4) non-contact ‘landing ACL injury’ (n=4).ConclusionMost of the identified patterns of ACL injuries in women’s professional football have great potential for prevention.