bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Energetic‐Ion‐Driven MHD Instabilities on Energetic‐Ion‐Transport in Compact Helical System and Large Helical Device
Authors: Isobe M. , Ogawa K. , Toi K. , Osakabe M. , Nagaoka K. , Shimizu A. , Spong D. A. , Okamura S. , CHS  , LHD Experiment Groups  
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper describes 1) representative results on excitation of energetic‐particle mode (EPM) and toroidicity‐induced Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) and consequent beam‐ion losses in CHS, and 2) recent results on beam‐ion transport and/or losses while EPMs are destabilized in LHD. Bursting EPMs and TAEs are often excited by co‐injected beam ions in the high‐beam ion pressure environment and give a significant effect on co‐going beam ions in both experiments. It seems that in CHS, resonant beam ions are lost within a relatively short‐time scale once they are anomalously transported due to energetic‐ion driven MHD modes, whereas unlike CHS, redistribution of beam ions due to energetic‐ion driven MHD modes is seen in LHD, suggesting that not all anomalously transported beam ions escape from the plasma (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Long‐Range Correlations During Plasma Transitions in the TJ‐II Stellarator
Authors: Pedrosa M. A. , Hidalgo C. , Silva C. , Carreras B. A. , Carralero D. , Calvo I. , TJ‐II Team  
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe mechanism underlying the development of edge transport barriers is still one of the fundamental issues con‐fronting the magnetic fusion community. The results presented show the importance of long‐range correlation as approaching plasma bifurcations in different plasma scenarios, including biasing induced and spontaneous edge transport bifurcations in ECRH and NBI plasmas. These findings are consistent with the theory of zonal flows, pointing out the importance of both mean and fluctuating electric fields during the development of edge plasma transitions (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Core Plasma Design of a Heliotron Reactor
Authors: Goto T. , Suzuki Y. , Watanabe K. Y. , Imagawa S. , Sagara A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe design of a core plasma with the LHD‐type heliotron configuration has been advanced. Recent design study of a LHD‐type heliotron reactor has shown that the increase in the reactor size is a possible solution to secure a sufficient blanket space. The increase in the reactor size enables a flexible selection of plasma configurations. In this respect, a commercial plant design with the plasma configuration which has a similar shape to that of LHD high‐beta plasma discharge was carried out. A parametric scan with a system design code showed that there exists the design window with engineering constraints and the physics constraints which can be extrapolated from the present experimental achievements. Finite‐beta equilibrium calculations by VMEC code showed that the last closed flux surface which has almost the same shape as that in vacuum equilibrium can be obtained by applying an appropriate additional vertical field (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
L‐H Transition Experiments in TJ‐II
Authors: Estrada T. , Ascasíbar E. , Happel T. , Hidalgo C. , Blanco E. , Jiménez‐Gómez R. , Liniers M. , López‐Bruna D. , Tabarés F.L. , Tafalla D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the TJ‐II stellarator, L‐ to H‐mode transitions are achieved under NBI heating conditions when operating with lithium coated walls. Several magnetic configurations have been explored in order to study the influence of the rotational transform in the transition. The shear of the negative radial electric field, Er, increases at the L‐H transition by an amount that depends on the magnetic configuration and heating power. Magnetic configurations with and without a low order rational surface close to the plasma edge show differences that may be interpreted in terms of local changes in the radial electric field induced by the rational surface that could facilitate the L‐H transition. Fluctuation measurements show a reduction in the turbulence level that is strongest at the position of maximum Er shear. High temporal and spatial resolution measurements indicate that turbulence reduction precedes the increase in the mean sheared flow, but is simultaneous with the increase in the low frequency oscillating sheared flow. These observations may be interpreted in terms of turbulence suppression by oscillating flows, the so‐called zonal flows (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Overview of Studies on Energetic‐Ion‐Driven MHD Instabiities in Stellarator/Helical Plasmas and Comparison with Tokamaks
Authors: Toi K. , Isobe M. , Osakabe M. , Ogawa K. , Spong D. , Todo Y. , LHD Experiment Group  
Published: July 2010

AbstractSuppression of anomalous radial transport of alpha particles and beam ions due to energetic ion driven MHD in‐stabilities is one of the critical issues toward D‐T burning plasma experiments in toroidal magnetic confinement devices such as tokamaks and stellarator/helical devices. This paper reports the characteristics of energetic ion driven MHD modes such as Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) and their effects on transport of energetic ions and bulk plasma in the Large Helical Device (LHD) and some different types of stellarator/helical devices. Beneficial impacts of AEs on toroidal plasma confinement are also included. These experimental results on AEs are compared with those in tokamaks, and the important similarities and differences are pointed out that can lead to better understanding of AEs in toroidal plasmas (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Edge Plasma Transport in the Helical Divertor Configuration in LHD
Authors: Masuzaki S. , Kobayashi M. , Murase T. , Morisaki T. , Tokitani M. , Ohyabu N. , Yamada H. , Komori A. , LHD Experiment Group  
Published: July 2010

AbstractTo understand the edge plasma transport in the complex magnetic field lines structure in the LHD heliotoron, the heat and particle fluxes profiles on divertor plates were investigated experimentally and theoretically by using EMC3‐EIRENE code. The heat flux profiles on a divertor plate in different magnetic configuration were measured and the main channel of the heat transport was revealed to be the field lines with long connection lengths which connect the divertor plate and the stochastic field lines layer. A comparison of the heat and the ion fluxes profiles on the divertor plates between the experimental data and the results of the calculation using EMC3‐EIRENE code was conducted. It was revealed that the change of the cross‐field transport in the edge plasma region causes not only the change of the heat and particle flux profiles on divertor plates, but also the changes of the intrinsically non‐uniform global heat and particle deposition profiles on the helical diveror. The cross‐field transport seems to be larger in the higher edge electron temperature discharge in the experimental conditions in this paper (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ideal Perturbed Equilibria in Tokamaks and Control of External Magnetic Perturbations
Authors: Park J.‐K. , Menard J. E. , Boozer A. H. , Schaffer M. J. , Wolfe S. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTokamaks are sensitive to deviations from axisymmetry as small as δB /B0 ∼ 0.01% with significant degradation or improvement in performance. Ideal Perturbed Equilibrium Code (IPEC) has been developed in order to understand plasma response to such a small non‐axisymmetric perturbation in tokamaks. IPEC has been benchmarked in cylindrical limits, with CAS3D code, and has been validated through Resonant Field Amplification (RFA) measurements and error field correction results. The calculations of perturbed equilibria, such as IPEC in tokamaks, can be used to decompose the distributions of external magnetic perturbations on a control surface by their importance to critical plasma properties. The coupling between the external field at the control surface and the resonant field driving islands at the rational surfaces determine the most important distribution of external magnetic field on the control surface for island opening and plasma locking. It has been shown that the most important distribution of external magnetic field changes little across various plasma profiles and parameters, indicating the possibility of robust error field corrections. The described IPEC method can be also applied to general 3D geometry if a relevant perturbed equilibrium code such as CAS3D is utilized (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multistep Anchoring Route of Luminescent (5‐Amino‐1,10‐phenanthroline)tris(dibenzoylmethane)europium(III) on Si(100)
Authors: Condorelli Guglielmo G. , Tudisco Cristina , Motta Alessandro , Di Mauro Alessandro , Lupo Fabio , Gulino Antonino , Fragalà Ignazio L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA multistep route for the covalent anchoring of (5‐amino‐1,10‐phenanthroline)tris(dibenzoylmethane)europium(III)molecules on silicon (100) has been developed. The anchoring route consists of Si functionalization with N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) activated carboxylic acid, followed by nucleophilic substitution at the carboxylic acid sites. Characterization of the resulting Si based hybrid materials was achieved by using several complementary techniques: X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflection FTIR spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), AFM and fluorescence spectroscopy. Comparison of results obtained for NHS activated Si surfaces with those of inert alkyl functionalized Si surfaces proved the covalent anchoring of the Eu complex and ruled out the presence of physisorbed Eu species. The 1.8 nm thickness of the grafted layer, estimated by atomic‐force lithography, is compatible with the presence of the anchored complex on the surface. Fluorescence measurements proved that luminescence properties are retained in the grafted complex.
Mono‐, Bi‐, Tri‐ and Tetranuclear Palladium(II), Copper(I), and Gold(I) Complexes of Morpholine‐ and N‐Methylpiperazine‐Functionalized Cyclodiphosph(III)azans, cis‐[(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8X)2] (X = O, NMe)
Authors: Balakrishna Maravanji S. , Suresh Devarajan , Mague Joel T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBis(amido)cyclodiphosphazanes, cis‐[(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8O)2] (2) and cis‐[(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8NMe)2] (3) were synthesized by treating the corresponding amines with cis‐[ClP(tBuN‐μ)2PCl] (1). The stoichiometric reactions of 2 or 3 with elemental sulfur and selenium afforded the bis‐chalcogenides, cis‐[(tBuN‐μ)2(P(E)NC4H8X)2] (X = O, E = S; 4, X = NMe, E = S; 5, X = O, E = Se; 6, X = O, E = Se; 7). The reactions of 2 or 3 with [PdCl2(SMe2)2] produced exclusively the mononuclear trans‐[PdCl2{(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8X)2}2] (X = O; 8, X = NMe; 9), whereas the reactions with [Pd(μ‐Cl)(η3‐C3H5)]2 afforded the bimetallic complexes [{PdCl(η3‐C3H5)}2{(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8X)2}] (X = O; 10, X = NMe; 11) in good yield. Treatment of 2 or 3 with [AuCl(SMe2)] in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios yielded the mono‐ and binuclear complexes, [{AuCl(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8O)2}] (X = O; 12, X = NMe; 13), [{AuCl}2{(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8O)2}] (X = O; 14, X = NMe; 15), respectively. The PdII (8) and AuI (12) complexes were used as metallo‐ligands to prepare homo‐ and heterometallic complexes, trans‐[PdCl2{(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8O)2}2{Pd(η3‐C3H5)Cl}2] (16), trans‐[PdCl2{(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8O)2}2(AuCl)2] (17), and [Cu(CH3CN)(μ‐Cl)2Cu(CH3CN){(tBuN‐μ)2(PNC4H8O)2}2(AuI)2](18). The crystal structures of 2, 4, 7–9, 14, 15, and 18 were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies.
Toner and paper‐based fabrication techniques for microfluidic applications
Authors: Coltro Wendell Karlos Tomazelli , de Jesus Dosil Pereira , da Silva José Alberto Fracassi , do Lago Claudimir Lucio , Carrilho Emanuel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe interest in low‐cost microfluidic platforms as well as emerging microfabrication techniques has increased considerably over the last years. Toner‐ and paper‐based techniques have appeared as two of the most promising platforms for the production of disposable devices for on‐chip applications. This review focuses on recent advances in the fabrication techniques and in the analytical/bioanalytical applications of toner and paper‐based devices. The discussion is divided in two parts dealing with (i) toner and (ii) paper devices. Examples of miniaturized devices fabricated by using direct‐printing or toner transfer masking in polyester‐toner, glass, PDMS as well as conductive platforms as recordable compact disks and printed circuit board are presented. The construction and the use of paper‐based devices for off‐site diagnosis and bioassays are also described to cover this emerging platform for low‐cost diagnostics.
Continuous sorting and separation of microparticles by size using AC dielectrophoresis in a PDMS microfluidic device with 3‐D conducting PDMS composite electrodes
Authors: Lewpiriyawong Nuttawut , Yang Chun , Lam Yee Cheong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSoft lithography technology allows for the development of numerous PDMS‐based microfluidic devices for manipulation of particles and cells. However, integrating metallic electrodes with PDMS‐based channel structures is challenging due to weak adhesion between metal and PDMS. To overcome this issue, we develop a new PDMS‐based microfluidic device for continuous sorting and separation of microparticles by size using AC dielectrophoresis (DEP) with 3‐D conducting PDMS composites as sidewall electrodes. The composites are synthesized by mixing silver powders with PDMS gel and such composite electrodes can easily be integrated with the PDMS microchannels. Furthermore, the sidewall electrodes also allow DEP forces to distribute three dimensionally, thus enhancing DEP effects in the entire region of channels. The capability of such PDMS‐based microfluidic device is demonstrated for continuously sorting and separating 10 and 15 μm particles, and also for separating 5 from 10 μm particles. Together with experimental results, analysis of particle's trajectory based on Lagrangian approach provides insights into how microparticles transport under the effects of hydrodynamic and DEP forces in the present PDMS‐based microfluidic device.
In‐line extraction employing functionalized magnetic particles for capillary and microchip electrophoresis
Authors: Tennico Yolanda H. , Remcho Vincent T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn approach to performing in‐line extraction employing functionalized magnetic particles for CE and microchip electrophoresis is presented. Silica‐coated iron oxide particles were synthesized and used as the solid support. The particles were functionalized with octadecylsilane and used as reverse‐phase sorbents for in‐line SPE followed by electrophoresis. Magnets were used to locally immobilize these sorbents inside the capillary or microchip. Extraction, elution, and detection of the analytes were performed sequentially without interruption or need for sample handling. Mixtures of hydrophobic analytes were successfully extracted from solution using the synthesized magnetic sorbents. CE was able to extract and separate mixture of parabens within 10 min. In‐line extraction was also carried out on a disposable PMMA microfluidic device with LIF detection. Electrophoretic separation of fluorescent dyes, Rhodamine 110 and SulfoRhodamine B, was completed in under a minute. The results demonstrated the feasibility of performing the in‐line extraction/separation technique in a microchip platform enabling rapid analysis, low sorbent consumption, and increased analyte recovery (relative to the capillary format).
Human‐caused stratigraphic mixing of a coastal Hawaiian midden during prehistory: Implications for interpreting cultural deposits
Authors: Khaweerat Sasiphan , Weisler Marshall , Zhao Jian‐xin , Feng Yue‐xing , Yu Kefu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractArchaeologists rely on the spatial and temporal distribution of artifacts and other site‐based materials to understand the stratigraphic integrity of the matrix in which remains are embedded. Although they are aware of taphonomic and site formation processes that can cause post‐depositional movement of objects, misinterpretation can occur. We used high‐precision 230Th dating of branch corals found throughout cultural layers of a coastal Hawaiian midden to identify the effects of post‐depositional disturbances to the archaeological record. Fifteen corals distributed in three cultural layers of a Mo'omomi bay site on west Moloka'i, Hawaiian Islands, were 230Th dated between A.D. 1513 and A.D. 1623. Even though the cultural layers appeared visually intact, the positions of the dated coral samples indicate stratigraphic mixing as there is no positive age–depth correlation. Consequently, all cultural layers should be considered one analytical unit for analysis of contents. This study is applicable to other Pacific archaeological sites, especially throughout Hawaii and East Polynesia generally, that have well‐preserved branch coral for 230Th dating. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Post‐excavation deterioration of the Copney Bronze Age Stone Circle Complex: A geomorphological perspective
Authors: Warke Patricia A. , Curran Joanne M. , Smith Bernard J. , Gardiner Mark , Foley Claire 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPost‐excavation deterioration of stones from under blanket peat at the Copney Bronze Age Stone Circle Complex in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, proceeded through widespread scaling, flaking, and splitting of stones. Investigation showed that prior to burial the porphyritic stones already possessed a complex legacy of geological weaknesses derived from hydrothermal alteration and tectonic deformation. Analysis indicated that significant alteration occurred during approximately 2000 years of burial under acidic peat cover, with development of a secondary porosity, alteration of primary minerals, and the opening of preexisting lines of weakness within the stones. Burial under peat also resulted in “bleaching” the stones so that they appeared white in color following excavation. These alterations during burial left the stones in a significantly weakened state and particularly susceptible to the effects of subaerial weathering processes. Data underline the potential fragility of excavated stonework and highlight the need to plan for its aftercare before complete excavation is undertaken. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variation in innate immunity genes and risk of multiple myeloma
Authors: Purdue Mark P. , Lan Qing , Menashe Idan , Zheng Tongzhang , Zhang Yawei , Yeager Meredith , Hosgood H. Dean , Zahm Shelia H. , Chanock Stephen J. , Rothman Nathaniel , Baris Dalsu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a B‐cell lymphoid malignancy suspected to be associated with immunologic factors. Given recent findings associating single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in innate immunity genes with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, we conducted an investigation of innate immune gene variants using specimens from a population‐based case‐control study of MM conducted in Connecticut women. Tag SNPs (N = 1461) summarizing common variation in 149 gene regions were genotyped in non‐Hispanic Caucasian subjects (103 cases, 475 controls). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) relating SNP associations with MM were computed using unconditional logistic regression, while the MinP test was used to investigate associations with MM at the gene level. We calculated permutation‐adjusted P‐values and false discovery rates (FDR) to account for the number of comparisons performed in SNP‐level and gene‐level tests, respectively. Three genes were associated with MM when controlling for a FDR of ≤10%: SERPINE1 (PMinP < 0.0001; FDR = 0.02), CCR7 (PMinP = 0.0006; FDR = 0.06) and HGF (PMinP = 0.001; FDR = 0.08). Two SNPs demonstrated robust associations: SERPINE1 rs2227667 (P = 2.1 × 10−5, Ppermutation = 0.03) and HGF rs17501108 (P = 5.0 × 10−5, Ppermutation = 0.07). Our findings suggest that genetic variants in SERPINE1 and HGF, and possibly CCR7, are associated with MM risk, and warrant further investigation in other studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overestimation of the 25(OH)D serum concentration with the automated IDS EIA kit
Authors: Cavalier Etienne , Huberty Véronique , Cormier Catherine , Souberbielle Jean-Claude 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
We have recently observed an increasing number of patients presenting very high serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (&gt; 150 ng/mL), which, in all cases, had been measured with the IDS EIA kit adapted on different “open” automated platforms. We performed a comparison between the IDS EIA kit adapted on two different “open”automated platforms and the DiaSorin RIA. We found a systematic bias (higher levels with the IDS EIA kit) for concentrations more than 50–60 ng/mL that was less obvious when the IDS EIA was used in its manual procedure. We thus suggest to use the IDS EIA kit in its manual procedure rather than to adapt it on an automated platform, and to interpret cautiously a 25(OH)D greater than 100 ng/mL with this kit. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
An investigation into the relationship between soft tissue body composition and bone mineral density in a young adult twin sample
Authors: Bogl Leonie H , Latvala Antti , Kaprio Jaakko , Sovijärvi Olli , Rissanen Aila , Pietiläinen Kirsi H 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) with bone mineral density (BMD) independent of genetic effects. We also assessed the extent to which genetic and environmental influences explain the associations between these phenotypes. Body composition and BMD were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 57 monozygotic and 92 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs, aged 23 to 31 years, chosen to represent a wide range of intrapair differences in body mass index (BMI; 0 to 15.2 kg/m2). Heritability estimates were adjusted for height and gender. In multiple linear regression analysis, intrapair differences in both FM and LM were independently associated with intrapair differences in BMD at most skeletal sites after adjustment for gender and differences in height. Within monozygotic and dizygotic pairs, LM was a significantly stronger predictor of whole-body BMD than FM (p &lt; .01). Additive genetic factors explained 87% [95% confidence interval (CI) 80%–91%), 81% (95% CI 70%–88%), and 61% (95% CI 41%–75%) of the variation in whole-body BMD, LM, and FM, respectively. Additive genetic factors also accounted for 69% to 88% of the covariance between LM and BMD and for 42% to 72% of the covariance between FM and BMD depending on the skeletal site. The genetic correlation between LM and whole-body BMD (rg = 0.46, 95% CI 0.32–0.58) was greater than that of FM and whole-body BMD (rg = 0.25, 95% CI 0.05–0.42). In conclusion, our data indicate that peak BMD is influenced by acquired body weight as well as genetic factors. In young adulthood, LM and BMD may have more genes in common than do FM and BMD. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.