bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Imaging Characteristics, Care Pathways, and Outcomes of Traumatic Epidural Hematomas: A Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury Study
Authors: Pisică Dana , Volovici Victor , Yue John K. , van Essen Thomas A. , den Boogert Hugo F. , Vande Vyvere Thijs , Haitsma Iain , Nieboer Daan , Markowitz Amy J. , Yuh Esther L. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Peul Wilco C. , Dirven Clemens M. F. , Menon David K. , Manley Geoffrey T. , Maas Andrew I. R. , Lingsma Hester F. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Guideline recommendations for surgical management of traumatic epidural hematomas (EDHs) do not directly address EDHs that co-occur with other intracranial hematomas; the relative rates of isolated vs nonisolated EDHs and guideline adherence are unknown. We describe characteristics of a contemporary cohort of patients with EDHs and identify factors influencing acute surgery.

METHODS:
This research was conducted within the longitudinal, observational Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury cohort study which prospectively enrolled patients with traumatic brain injury from 65 hospitals in 18 European countries from 2014 to 2017. All patients with EDH on the first scan were included. We describe clinical, imaging, management, and outcome characteristics and assess associations between site and baseline characteristics and acute EDH surgery, using regression modeling.

RESULTS:
In 461 patients with EDH, median age was 41 years (IQR 24-56), 76% were male, and median EDH volume was 5 cm3 (IQR 2-20). Concomitant acute subdural hematomas (ASDHs) and/or intraparenchymal hemorrhages were present in 328/461 patients (71%). Acute surgery was performed in 99/461 patients (21%), including 70/86 with EDH volume ≥30 cm3 (81%). Larger EDH volumes (odds ratio [OR] 1.19 [95% CI 1.14-1.24] per cm3 below 30 cm3), smaller ASDH volumes (OR 0.93 [95% CI 0.88-0.97] per cm3), and midline shift (OR 6.63 [95% CI 1.99-22.15]) were associated with acute surgery; between-site variation was observed (median OR 2.08 [95% CI 1.01-3.48]). Six-month Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended scores ≥5 occurred in 289/389 patients (74%); 41/389 (11%) died.

CONCLUSION:
Isolated EDHs are relatively infrequent, and two-thirds of patients harbor concomitant ASDHs and/or intraparenchymal hemorrhages. EDHs ≥30 cm3 are generally evacuated early, adhering to Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines. For heterogeneous intracranial pathology, surgical decision-making is related to clinical status and overall lesion burden. Further research should examine the optimal surgical management of EDH with concomitant lesions in traumatic brain injury, to inform updated guidelines.
A Benchmark for Collateralized Loan Obligations
Authors: Elkamhi Redouane , Li Ruicong , Nozawa Yoshio 
Published: May 2024

We build a benchmark for AAA-rated tranches of collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) using business development companies (BDCs), which hold a diversified portfolio of loans as CLOs do. BDCs are publicly listed, and their share price, equity volatility, and borrowing cost can be easily obtained. Applying a structural model to BDCs, we extract market-implied correlation in their loan portfolio, compare spreads on CLO tranches and BDC-implied benchmark, and find that observed large credit spreads on CLO senior tranches after the financial crisis are a fair reflection of the systematic risk of correlated loan defaults. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00097 .
Time Pressure Preferences
Authors: Buser Thomas , Van Veldhuizen Roel , Zhong Yang 
Published: May 2024

Many professional and educational settings require individuals to be willing and able to perform under time pressure. We use a laboratory experiment and survey data to study preferences for working under time pressure. We make three main contributions. First, we develop an incentivized method to measure preferences for working under time pressure and document that participants in our laboratory experiment are averse to working under time pressure on average. Second, we show that there is substantial heterogeneity in the degree of time pressure aversion across individuals and that these individual preferences can be partially captured by simple survey questions. Third, we include these questions in a survey of bachelor’s degree students and a nationally representative survey panel and show that time pressure preferences predict career choices and income. Our results indicate that individual differences in time pressure aversion could be an influential factor in determining labor market outcomes. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was supported by the Jan Wallander and Tom Hedelius Foundation, European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme [Grant 850590]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.02078 .
A FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE PARA A EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL:
Authors: Urnau Simone , Urbanetz Sandra Terezinha 
Published: May 2024

A investigação sobre a formação docente para a Educação Profissional tem sido intensificada principalmente a partir da ampliação da oferta pelos Institutos Federais, no âmbito da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica - RFEPCT. Este texto apresenta o levantamento realizado no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES, de 2000 a 2023, com os seguintes descritores: Formação Docente; Educação Profissional, na área de Educação e na área de Ensino, bem como uma discussão sobre a temática a partir dos autores vinculados ao materialismo histórico. Metodologicamente, a análise se fez considerando os preceitos de Bardin, com uma abordagem qualitativa a partir de Bogdan e Biklen (1994), que permitem aferir a precariedade das propostas ainda existentes na formação docente para a Educação Profissional. Os dados indicam a necessidade da investigação a respeito da temática em função da expansão e interiorização da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica, que, em seus processos de seleção para professores, apenas indicam a necessidade, mas não exigem a formação pedagógica.
Research on influencing factors of college teachers’ second child fertility intentions——Taking Jinan as an example
Authors: Yao Yanling 
Published: May 2024

Background
Fertility intentions, as a direct driver of fertility behavior, play an important role in the implementation of national fertility policy and population development. This study explored the influencing factors of college teachers’ second child fertility intentions in Jinan, China on the basis of TPB.

Methodology/Principal findings
Based on the theory of planned behavior, this paper employs basic characteristics analysis, difference analysis, and factor analysis related to the fertility intentions of the participants. Analysis found participants between 31 and 40 years old had the highest second child fertility intentions, and participants with a college-age first child had the lowest second child fertility intentions. Attitude and subjective norms had a positive impact on second child fertility intentions, and policy awareness had a positive impact on attitude, which indirectly affected second child fertility intentions. Subjective norms had the greatest influence on second child fertility intentions, followed by attitude, and policy awareness had the least influence on second child fertility intentions.

Significance/Future research
The findings of this paper can enrich the theoretical research on fertility intentions, and also provide more optimal practical references for the formulation and propagation of China’s fertility policy as well as the improvement of the division of family roles in China. Future research can further explore the impact of fertility policy on the fertility intentions of other groups.
Does coronavirus disease 2019 history alone increase the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after surgery? Prospective observational study using serology assessment
Authors: Oh Ah Ran , Kang Eun-Suk , Park Jungchan , Lee Sangmin Maria , Jeong Mijeong , Lee Jong-Hwan 
Published: May 2024

Background
Concern exists about the increasing risk of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective
We conducted a prospective observational study that compared the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with and without a history of COVID-19.

Methods
From August 2022 to November 2022, 244 adult patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery were enrolled and allocated either to history or no history of COVID-19 groups. For patients without a history of confirming COVID-19 diagnosis, we tested immunoglobulin G to nucleocapsid antigen of SARS-CoV-2 for serology assessment to identify undetected infection. We compared the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications, defined as a composite of atelectasis, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, aspiration pneumonitis, and the need for additional oxygen therapy according to a COVID-19 history.

Results
After excluding 44 patients without a COVID-19 history who were detected as seropositive, 200 patients were finally enrolled in this study, 100 in each group. All subjects with a COVID-19 history experienced no or mild symptoms during infection. The risk of postoperative pulmonary complications was not significantly different between the groups according to the history of COVID-19 (24.0% vs. 26.0%; odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–1.37; P-value, 0.92). The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was also similar (27.3%) in excluded patients owing to being seropositive.

Conclusion
Our study showed patients with a history of no or mild symptomatic COVID-19 did not show an increased risk of PPCs compared to those without a COVID-19 history. Additional precautions may not be needed to prevent PPCs in those patients.
Genetic associations between Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Wei Yitong , Wu Haibo , Zhang Li 
Published: May 2024

Background
Previous studies revealed that sleep disorders are potential risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as obstructive sleep apnea and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD). However, the causal associations between RBD and cardiovascular diseases remained unknown.

Materials and methods
We used the latest and largest summary-level genome-wide association studies of RBD, stroke and its subtypes, coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure (HF) to select genetic variants as the instrumental variables. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to test the causal associations between RBD and the cardiovascular diseases above. Inverse variance weighted method was used as the main analysis.

Results
After multiple comparisons, genetically predicted RBD was significantly associated with the risk of HF [odds ratio (OR) = 1.033, 95% CI 1.013–1.052, p = 0.001]. Leave-one-out analysis further supported the robustness of the causal association. Furthermore, we identified a suggestive association between genetically predicted MI and RBD (OR = 0.716, 95% CI 0.546–0.940, p = 0.016). However, in our study no associations were identified of RBD with CAD or stroke and its subtypes.

Conclusion
Our study highlighted the potential associations between RBD and cardiovascular diseases at genetic level, including HF and MI. More studies were required to clarify the biological mechanisms involved the associations.
Primary health care preparedness to integrate diabetes care in Blantyre, Malawi: A mixed methods study
Authors: K. Banda Chimwemwe , Banda Ndaziona P. K. , Gombachika Belinda T. , Nyirenda Moffat J. , Hosseinipour Mina C. , Muula Adamson S. 
Published: May 2024

Background
There is limited access to diabetes care services at primary care facilities in Malawi. Assessing the capacity of facilities to provide diabetes care is an initial step to integrating services at primary care.

Aim
To assess the preparedness for delivering diabetes services at primary care level within the Blantyre District Health Office (DHO) to support the response to NCD epidemic in Malawi.

Setting
Blantyre DHO primary care facilities.

Materials and methods
A mixed methods approach nested in a national needs assessment for NCD response in Malawi was used. Fourteen primary healthcare facilities from Blantyre DHO were assessed. A tool adapted from the WHO rapid assessment questionnaire was used to identify human resource, equipment, supplies, and medication needed for comprehensive diabetes care. Descriptive statistics were done to analyze the quantitative data. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess if there was a statistically significant difference between urban and rural facilities. Seventeen health care workers from the selected facilities participated in key informant interviews. Framework analysis method guided the qualitative data analysis. The quantitative and qualitative data were merged and displayed jointly.

Results
The quantitative assessment showed that none of the facilities assessed had capacity to provide all the interventions recommended by WHO for diabetes care at primary level. Eight (57%) of the facilities had the capacity to diagnose diabetes, monitor glucose, prevent limb amputations and manage hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Four themes emerged from the qualitative data: differences in level of preparedness and implementation of diabetes care; disparities in resources between urban and rural facilities; low utilization of diabetes services; and strategy and policy recommendations for improvement of diabetes care.

Conclusion
Inadequate health financing resulted in significant disparities in the available resources between the rural and urban facilities to offer diabetes care services. There is need to develop national policies and guidelines for diabetes care to strengthen the capacity of primary care facilities to facilitate achievement of universal health coverage.
Predictive role of preoperative sarcopenia for long-term survival in rectal cancer patients: A meta-analysis
Authors: Su Qiutong , Shen Jia 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
To identify the predictive role of sarcopenia in long-term survival among rectal cancer patients who underwent surgery based on available evidence.

Methods
The Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched up to October 20, 2023, for relevant studies. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were the endpoints. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined to evaluate the association between sarcopenia and survival.

Results
Fifteen studies with 4283 patients were included. The pooled results demonstrated that preoperative sarcopenia significantly predicted poorer OS (HR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.67–2.57, P<0.001), DFS (HR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.39–2.48, P<0.001) and CSS (HR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.31–2.56, P<0.001). Furthermore, subgroup analysis based on neoadjuvant therapy indicated that sarcopenia was a risk factor for worse OS and DFS in patients who received (OS: HR = 2.44, P<0.001; DFS: HR = 2.16, P<0.001) but not in those who did not receive (OS: HR = 2.44, P<0.001; DDFS: HR = 1.86, P = 0.002) neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. In addition, subgroup analysis based on sample size and ethnicity showed similar results.

Conclusion
Preoperative sarcopenia is significantly related to poor survival in surgical rectal cancer patients and could serve as a novel and valuable predictor of long-term prognosis in these patients.
Sepsis risk in diabetic patients with urinary tract infection
Authors: Wang Sipei , Zhao Sheng , Jin Shanshan , Ye Tinghua , Xinling Pan 
Published: May 2024

Background
Urinary tract infections (UTI) is a prevalent condition in those with diabetes, and in severe cases, it may escalate to sepsis. Therefore, it is important to analyze the risk variables associated with sepsis in diabetes individuals with UTI.

Methods
This research was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis. From January 2011 to June 2022, a group of individuals with diabetes were identified as having UTI at a tertiary hospital situated in Southeastern China. Patient data, including information on urine culture, was collected retrospectively from a clinical record database. The participants were categorized into the sepsis and non-sepsis groups. The risk variables were derived using both uni-and multiple- variable regression analysis.

Results
The research included 1919 patients, of whom 1106 cases (57.63%) had positive urine cultures. In total, 445 blood culture samples were tested, identifying 186 positive cases (41.80%). The prevalence of bacteria in urine and blood samples was highest for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. Moreover, 268 individuals (13.97%) exhibited sepsis. The regression analysis indicated a positive correlation between sepsis and albumin (ALB)<34.35 g/L, C-reactive protein (CRP)>55.84 mg/L and white blood cell count (WBC) >8.485 X 109/L in diabetic cases with UTIs. By integrating the three aforementioned parameters, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.809.

Conclusions
The early detection of sepsis in diabetic individuals with UTI may be achieved using a comprehensive analysis of CRP, WBC, and ALB test findings.
Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and associated factors at Alemgena Health Center, Sebeta, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Hayre Kedija , Takele Mihiretu Kumie , Birri Dagim Jirata 
Published: May 2024

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem. Evaluation of TB treatment outcome enables health institutions to measure and improve the effectiveness of TB control programs. This study aimed to assess treatment outcomes of tuberculosis and identify associated factors among TB patients registered at Alemgena Health Center, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Method
A retrospective study was conducted; Secondary data were collected from medical records of 1010 TB patients treated at Alemgena Health Center between September 2012 and August 2018, inclusively. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with TB treatment outcomes. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The proportion of males and females was almost equal. Among the patients 64.7% were in the age group 15–34, 98% were new cases, 31.2% were smear positive, 13% were HIV positive and 40.3% had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. 94.2% of the patients had successful treatment outcome, with 26.9% cured and 67.3% treatment completed, whereas 5.8% had unsuccessful treatment outcomes, of whom 4.2% died and 1.5% defaulted. Death rate was higher among patients older than 44 years (10.4%) than among children (0%). In bivariate logistic regression analysis, treatment success rate was 3.582 (95% CI 1.958–6.554, p-value = .000) times higher in the age group 44 and below compared to the age group 45 and above.

Conclusion
Treatment success rate exceeded the one targeted by WHO. Age was found to be associated with treatment outcome. Success rate has to be improved for TB patients in the age group greater than 45 years of age.
Poor long-term outcomes despite improved hospital survival for patients with cryptococcal meningitis in rural, Northern Uganda
Authors: Okwir Mark , Link Abigail , Opio Bosco , Okello Fred , Nakato Ritah , Nabongo Betty , Alal Jimmy , Rhein Joshua , Meya David , Liu Yu , Bohjanen Paul R. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) remains a major cause of death among people living with HIV in rural sub-Saharan Africa. We previously reported that a CM diagnosis and treatment program (CM-DTP) improved hospital survival for CM patients in rural, northern Uganda. This study aimed to evaluate the impact on long-term survival.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study at Lira Regional Referral Hospital in Uganda evaluating long-term survival (≥1 year) of CM patients diagnosed after CM-DTP initiation (February 2017-September 2021). We compared with a baseline historical group of CM patients before CM-DTP implementation (January 2015-February 2017). Using Cox proportional hazards models, we assessed time-to-death in these groups, adjusting for confounders.

Results
We identified 318 CM patients, 105 in the Historical Group, and 213 in the CM-DTP Group. The Historical Group had a higher 30-day mortality of 78.5% compared to 42.2% in the CM-DTP Group. The overall survival rate for the CM-DTP group at three years was 25.6%. Attendance at follow-up visits (HR:0.13, 95% CI: [0.03–0.53], p <0.001), ART adherence (HR:0.27, 95% CI: [0.10–0.71], p = 0.008), and fluconazole adherence: (HR:0.03, 95% CI: [0.01–0.13], p <0.001), weight >50kg (HR:0.54, 95% CI: [0.35–0.84], p = 0.006), and performance of therapeutic lumbar punctures (HR:0.42, 95% CI: [0.24–0.71], p = 0.001), were associated with lower risk of death. Altered mentation was associated with increased death risk (HR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.10–2.42, p = 0.016).

Conclusion
Long-term survival of CM patients improved after the initiation of the CM-DTP. Despite this improved survival, long-term outcomes remained sub-optimal, suggesting that further work is needed to enhance long-term survival.
Estimation of standardized real-time fatality rate for ongoing epidemics
Authors: Qu Yuanke , Lee Chun Yin 
Published: May 2024

Background
The fatality rate is a crucial metric for guiding public health policies during an ongoing epidemic. For COVID-19, the age structure of the confirmed cases changes over time, bringing a substantial impact on the real-time estimation of fatality. A ‘spurious decrease’ in fatality rate can be caused by a shift in confirmed cases towards younger ages even if the fatalities remain unchanged across different ages.

Methods
To address this issue, we propose a standardized real-time fatality rate estimator. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the estimator. The proposed method is applied for real-time fatality rate estimation of COVID-19 in Germany from March 2020 to May 2022.

Findings
The simulation results suggest that the proposed estimator can provide an accurate trend of disease fatality in all cases, while the existing estimator may convey a misleading signal of the actual situation when the changes in temporal age distribution take place. The application to Germany data shows that there was an increment in the fatality rate at the implementation of the ‘live with COVID’ strategy.

Conclusions
As many countries have chosen to coexist with the coronavirus, frequent examination of the fatality rate is of paramount importance.