bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alpha‐nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and tobacco smoke exposure: Effects on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children
Authors: Torjussen Tale M. , Lødrup Carlsen Karin C. , Munthe‐Kaas Monica C. , Mowinckel Petter , Carlsen Kai‐Håkon , Helms Peter J. , Gerritsen Jorrit , Whyte Moira K. , Lenney Warren , Undlien Dag E. , Shianna Kevin V. , Zhu Guohua , Pillai Sreekumar G. 
Published: October 2011

To cite this article: Torjussen TM, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Munthe‐Kaas MC, Mowinckel P, Carlsen K‐H, Helms PJ, Gerritsen J, Whyte MK, Lenney W, Undlien DE, Shianna KV, Zhu G, Pillai SG. Alpha‐nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and tobacco smoke exposure: Effects on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children. Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2012: 23: 40–49.AbstractBackground:  The CHRNA 3 and 5 genes on chromosome 15 encode the alpha subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, mediating airway cholinergic activity. Polymorphisms are associated with cigarette smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer.Aims:  To determine possible associations between CHRNA 3/5 SNP rs8034191 and asthma or lung function in children in one local and one replicate multinational population, and assess if tobacco smoke modified the associations.Materials and methods:  The rs8034191 SNP genotyped in 551 children from the environment and childhood asthma (ECA) birth cohort study in Oslo, Norway, and in 516 families from six European centers [the Genetics of Asthma International Network (GAIN) study] was tested for genotypic or allelic associations to current or history of asthma, allergic sensitization (≥ one positive skin prick tests), bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and lung function (FEV1% of predicted and FEV1/FVC ratio over/ below the 5th percentile).Results:  Although the TT and CT genotypes at SNP rs 8034191 were overall significantly associated with BHR (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.5–10.0, p = 0.005), stratified analyses according to exposure to maternal smoking in‐utero or indoor smoking at 10 yrs of age showed significant association (OR = 4.4, 95% CI 1.5–12.6, p = 0.006 and OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.7–18.5, p = 0.004, respectively) only in the non‐exposed and not in exposed children. The SNP–BHR association was replicated in the non‐tobacco‐smoke‐exposed subjects in one of the GAIN centers (BHR associated with the T allele (p = 0.034)), but not in the collated GAIN populations. Asthma, allergic sensitization, and lung function were not associated with the rs8034191 alleles.Conclusion:  An interaction between tobacco smoke exposure and a CHRNA3/5 polymorphism was found for BHR in children, but CHRNA3/5 was not associated with asthma or lung function.
Chickenpox in childhood is associated with decreased atopic disorders, IgE, allergic sensitization, and leukocyte subsets
Authors: Silverberg Jonathan I. , Kleiman Edward , Silverberg Nanette B. , Durkin Helen G. , Joks Rauno , Smith‐Norowitz Tamar A. 
Published: October 2011

To cite this article: Silverberg JI, Kleiman E, Silverberg NB, Durkin HG, Joks R, Smith‐Norowitz TA. Chickenpox in childhood is associated with decreased atopic disorders, IgE, allergic sensitization, and leukocyte subsets. Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2012: 23: 50–58.AbstractBackground:  Wild‐type varicella zoster infection (WTVZV) up to 8 yr of age has been shown to protect against atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. We sought to determine whether WTVZV in childhood protects against atopic disorders, allergic sensitization or decreases serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels.Methods: We conducted a retrospective, practice‐based study of outpatient pediatric practices in NY. One hundred children with WTVZV up to 8 yr of age and 323 children who received varicella vaccine (VV) were randomly selected.Results:  WTVZV up to 8 yr of age is associated with decreased odds of subsequent asthma (exact logistic regression; OR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.03–0.57, p = 0.003), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.05–0.49, p = 0.0003), and AD (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.33–0.96, p = 0.02), but not food allergies (p = 0.78); decreased total serum IgE levels [mixed linear model, LSM (95% CI): 129.09 (33.22–501.63) vs. 334.21 (102.38–1091.04) IU/ml; p = 0.02] remained significant at all time intervals after WTVZV (<5, 5–10, and >10) compared with VV (p = 0.003–0.03). WTVZV was associated with decreased allergic sensitization (logistic regression, OR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.03–0.38, p = 0.0004). WTVZV is also associated with persistently decreased numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes (p < 0.0001) for up to 12 yr (p = 0.0003–0.047), monocytes (p = 0.002) for up to 16 yr (p < 0.001) and basophils at ages 4–6, 10–12, and 14–16 (p < 0.03).Conclusion:  WTVZV up to 8 yr of age protects against atopic disorders, which is likely mediated by suppression of IgE production and allergic sensitization, as well as altered leukocyte distributions.
Development of guidelines for caregivers of people with bipolar disorder: a Delphi expert consensus study
Authors: Berk Lesley , Jorm Anthony F , Kelly Claire M , Dodd Seetal , Berk Michael 
Published: October 2011

Berk L, Jorm AF, Kelly CM, Dodd S, Berk M. Development of guidelines for caregivers of people with bipolar disorder: a Delphi expert consensus study. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 556–570. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Close family and friends are often a primary source of support for a person with bipolar disorder. However, there is a lack of information for caregivers about ways to provide helpful support and take care of themselves. Rates of caregiver burden are high and increase the risk of caregiver depression and health problems. This study aimed to develop guidelines to assist caregivers of adults with bipolar disorder to be informed about bipolar disorder and to support the person without neglecting their own wellbeing.Methods:  The Delphi method was used to assess consensus between international expert panels of 45 caregivers, 47 consumers, and 51 clinicians about what information to include in the caregiver guidelines. Initial online survey items were based on the existing literature. Subsequent surveys included new or reworded items suggested by panel members and items that needed re‐rating. Items endorsed by at least 80% of all three panels formed the content of the guidelines.Results:  Nearly 86% of the 626 survey items were endorsed. The items covered information on the illness, treatment, and suggestions on ways caregivers can provide support and take care of themselves in the different phases of illness and wellness, and information on dealing with specific real‐life challenges. Although consensus rates were high, meaningful areas of difference between panels were found (e.g., collaboration issues).Conclusions:  The guidelines provide comprehensive introductory information, suggestions, and resources for caregivers. Access to relevant information may help caregivers to cope constructively with the person’s bipolar disorder and their caregiving situation. The content of the guidelines could be used to help formulate a stepped‐care approach to supporting caregivers, ranging from basic information and pamphlets to brief training courses and specialized family or caregiver interventions based on need and accessibility.
The co‐occurrence of cigarette smoking and bipolar disorder: phenomenology and treatment considerations
Authors: Heffner Jaimee L , Strawn Jeffrey R , DelBello Melissa P , Strakowski Stephen M , Anthenelli Robert M 
Published: October 2011

Heffner JL, Strawn JR, DelBello MP, Strakowski SM, Anthenelli RM. The co‐occurrence of cigarette smoking and bipolar disorder: phenomenology and treatment considerations.  Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 439–453. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Despite recent advances in understanding the causes and treatment of nicotine dependence among individuals with psychiatric disorders, smoking among individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) has received little attention. The goal of this review is to synthesize the literature on the epidemiology, consequences, and treatment of smoking and nicotine dependence among individuals with BD and to delineate a future research agenda.Methods:  We conducted a PubMed search of English‐language articles using the search terms bipolar disorder, mania, tobacco, nicotine, and smoking, followed by a manual search of the literature cited in the identified articles. Articles were chosen by the authors on the basis of their relevance to the topic areas covered in this selective review.Results:  Adults with BD are two to three times more likely to have started smoking and, on the basis of epidemiological data, may be less likely to initiate and/or maintain smoking abstinence than individuals without psychiatric disorders. Smoking cessation is achievable for individuals with BD, but challenges such as chronic mood dysregulation, high prevalence of alcohol and drug use, more severe nicotine dependence, and limited social support can make quitting more difficult. Effective treatments for tobacco cessation are available, but no controlled trials in smokers with BD have been conducted.Conclusions:  Cigarette smoking is a prevalent and devastating addiction among individuals with BD and should be addressed by mental health providers. Additional research on the mechanisms of, and optimal treatment for, smoking and nicotine dependence in this population is desperately needed.
An online survey of tobacco use, intentions to quit, and cessation strategies among people living with bipolar disorder
Authors: Prochaska Judith J , Reyes Reason S , Schroeder Steven A , Daniels Allen S , Doederlein Allen , Bergeson Brenda 
Published: October 2011

Prochaska JJ, Reyes RS, Schroeder SA, Daniels AS, Doederlein A, Bergeson B. An online survey of tobacco use, intentions to quit, and cessation strategies among people living with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 466–473. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Tobacco use is prevalent among people living with bipolar disorder. We examined tobacco use, attempts to quit, and tobacco‐related attitudes and intentions among 685 individuals with bipolar disorder who smoked ≥ 100 cigarettes in their lifetime.Methods:  Data were collected online through the website of the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance, a mood disorder peer‐support network.Results:  The sample was 67% female, 67% aged 26 to 50, and 89% Caucasian; 87% were current smokers; 92% of current smokers smoked daily, averaging 19 cigarettes/day (SD = 11). The sample began smoking at a mean age of 17 years (SD = 6) and smoked a median of 7 years prior to bipolar disorder diagnosis. Among current smokers, 74% expressed a desire to quit; intent to quit smoking was unrelated to current mental health symptoms [χ2(3) = 5.50, p = 0.139]. Only 33% were advised to quit smoking by a mental health provider, 48% reported smoking to treat their mental illness, and 96% believed being mentally healthy was important for quitting. Ex‐smokers (13% of sample) had not smoked for a median of 2.7 years; 48% quit ‘cold turkey.’ Most ex‐smokers (64%) were in poor or fair mental health when they quit smoking. At the time of the survey, however, more ex‐smokers described their mental health as in recovery than current smokers [57% versus 40%; χ2(3) = 11.12, p = 0.011].Conclusions:  Most smokers living with bipolar disorder are interested in quitting. The Internet may be a useful cessation tool for recruiting and potentially treating smokers with bipolar disorder who face special challenges when trying to quit and rarely receive cessation treatment from their mental health providers.
Structural brain abnormalities in first‐episode psychosis: differences between affective psychoses and schizophrenia and relationship to clinical outcome
Authors: de Castro‐Manglano Pilar , Mechelli Andrea , Soutullo Cesar , Landecho Ignacio , Gimenez‐Amaya Jose Manuel , Ortuño Felipe , McGuire Philip 
Published: October 2011

de Castro‐Manglano P, Mechelli A, Soutullo C, Landecho I, Gimenez‐Amaya JM, Ortuño F, McGuire P. Structural brain abnormalities in first‐episode psychosis: differences between affective psychoses and schizophrenia and relationship to clinical outcome. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 545–555. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Several studies have described volumetric brain abnormalities in first‐episode psychosis. The extent to which these differ in patients with schizophrenia and affective psychoses, or are related to subsequent clinical outcome, is unclear. We examined volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in young patients with a first episode of psychosis, and compared these volumetric abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia versus affective psychosis. We then assessed whether baseline MRI abnormalities in the entire sample predicted subsequent clinical outcome.Methods:  A total of 28 adolescent patients with first‐episode psychosis and 20 age‐matched healthy volunteers were scanned using a 1.5 T scanner. MRI data were processed and analysed using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM). We assessed clinical outcome three years after the initial scan.Results:  Patients had smaller grey matter (GM) volumes than controls in frontal, insular, parietal, and cerebellar cortex. Patients with an affective psychosis had greater GM volume in the right posterior cingulate than both controls and patients with schizophrenia, but less GM volume in the left cerebellum and insula. In the sample as a whole, smaller right hippocampus GM volume was associated with poor clinical outcome at three‐year follow‐up.Conclusions:  Volumetric brain abnormalities are evident in young adults presenting with a first episode of both affective psychoses and schizophrenia, but there are also significant differences between these two patient groups. Clinical outcome after the first episode may be related to the severity of volumetric abnormalities at presentation.
Testicular torsion: Potential pitfalls in its diagnosis and management
Authors: Lopez Robert N , Beasley Spencer W 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTorsion of the testis is a surgical emergency. Within the paediatric population, peaks in incidence occur in the perinatal and adolescent age groups. There exist traps that can make torsion of the testis a difficult diagnosis to make and once made a tricky condition to manage, in some instances. It is becoming clear that perinatal torsion should serve as an umbrella term for what is increasingly being regarded as two separate entities: prenatal and post‐natal torsion. Evidence suggests that the management for each of these may be different. While management of testicular torsion in the adolescent is universally agreed upon, the diagnosis can sometimes be difficult to make. This notwithstanding, early diagnosis is imperative for ensuring the best possible outcome.
Basic and advanced paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation – Guidelines of the Australian and New Zealand Resuscitation Councils 2010
Authors: Tibballs James , Aickin Richard , Nuthall Gabrielle ,   On behalf of the Australian and New Zealand Resuscitation Councils
Published: October 2011

AbstractGuidelines for basic and advanced paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have been revised by Australian and New Zealand Resuscitation Councils. Changes encourage CPR out‐of‐hospital and aim to improve the quality of CPR in‐hospital. Features of basic CPR include: omission of abdominal thrusts for foreign body airway obstruction; commencement with chest compression followed by ventilation in a ratio of 30:2 or compression‐only CPR if the rescuer is unwilling/unable to give expired‐air breathing when the victim is ‘unresponsive and not breathing normally’. Use of automated external defibrillators is encouraged. Features of advanced CPR include: prevention of cardiac arrest by rapid response systems; restriction of pulse palpation to 10 s to diagnosis cardiac arrest; affirmation of 15:2 compression–ventilation ratio for children and for infants other than newly born; initial bag‐mask ventilation before tracheal intubation; a single direct current shock of 4 J/kg for ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia followed by immediate resumption of CPR for 2 min without analysis of cardiac rhythm and avoidance of unnecessary interruption of continuous external cardiac compressions. Monitoring of exhaled carbon dioxide is recommended to detect non‐tracheal intubation, assess quality of CPR, and to help match ventilation to reduced cardiac output. The intraosseous route is recommended if immediate intravenous access is impossible. Amiodarone is strongly favoured over lignocaine for refractory VF and adrenaline over atropine for severe bradycardia, asystole and pulseless electrical activity. Family presence at resuscitation is encouraged. Therapeutic hypothermia is acceptable after resuscitation to improve neurological outcome. Extracorporeal circulatory support for in‐hospital cardiac arrest may be used in equipped centres.
Autopsy findings of co‐sleeping‐associated sudden unexpected deaths in infancy: Relationship between pathological features and asphyxial mode of death
Authors: Weber Martin A , Risdon R Anthony , Ashworth Michael T , Malone Marian , Sebire Neil J 
Published: October 2011

Aim:  Co‐sleeping is associated with increased risk of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI)/sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The aim of this study is to examine autopsy findings from a single UK specialist centre to determine the relationship between co‐sleeping and cause of death.Methods:  Retrospective analysis of >1500 paediatric autopsies carried out by paediatric pathologists over a 10‐year period. SUDI was defined as sudden unexpected death of an infant aged 7–365 days; deaths were categorised into explained SUDI (cause of death was determined) and unexplained SUDI (equivalent to SIDS).Results:  There were 546 SUDI; sleeping arrangements were specifically recorded in 314; of these, 174 (55%) were co‐sleeping‐associated deaths. Almost two thirds (59%) of unexplained SUDI were co‐sleeping compared to 44% explained SUDI (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–27.2%, P= 0.03); however, this difference remained statistically significant only for the first 5 months of life (95% CI 3.5–33.2%, P= 0.01). In unexplained SUDI aged < 6 months, there were no significant differences between co‐sleeping and non‐co‐sleeping deaths with respect to ante‐mortem symptoms, intrathoracic petechiae, macroscopic lung appearances, pulmonary haemosiderin‐laden macrophages, and isolation of specific bacterial pathogens; however, fresh intra‐alveolar haemorrhage was reported more commonly in co‐sleeping (54%) than in those that were not (38%; 95% CI 1.4–30.5%, P= 0.03).Conclusions:  Co‐sleeping is associated with unexplained SUDI/SIDS in infants aged < 6 months, suggesting that co‐sleeping is related to the pathogenesis of death in younger infants. The finding that intra‐alveolar haemorrhage is more common in co‐sleeping suggests that a minority of co‐sleeping‐associated deaths may be related to an asphyxial process.
Attuned understanding and psychotic suffering: A qualitative study of health‐care professionals' experiences in communicating and interacting with patients
Authors: Lorem Geir Fagerjord , Hem Marit Helene 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis study was initiated to examine how experiences with mental illness are perceived by health‐care workers, and how insight affects assessment of their perspective and involvement. Lack of insight gives rise to problems concerning communication: if we expect what the person says and does not to have any meaning, how then can we establish a relationship based on understanding? This study was based on in‐depth interviews with 11 mental health‐care workers. Participants were recruited from a variety of institutions and professional backgrounds. The following topics were discussed with the participants: lack of insight, awareness of illness, and coping strategies, as well as how these factors affected treatment, cooperation, and participation. The participants describe attuned understanding as an other‐oriented process, involving sensitivity to many aspects of the person's situation. Understanding is sought and is established through emotional, human contact, and practical interaction, and ends with new articulated understanding. The results suggest that the process described here can be viewed as other‐oriented understanding, and not merely sympathy. It is an interdependent process of imagining oneself in the other's place, and depends on awareness of the nature of this process and on sensitivity to the person's expressions.
Beyond beliefs: risk assessment technologies shaping patients’ experiences of heart disease prevention
Authors: Saukko Paula M. , Farrimond Hannah , Evans Philip H. , Qureshi Nadeem 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSocial science research on lifestyle‐related diseases typically focuses on patients’ understandings and beliefs and takes the clinical risk for granted. We interviewed 30 healthy UK patients at high risk of heart disease, recruited from a family history trial at 2 weeks and 6 months after a discussion with a clinician about their risk, lifestyle and medications. The participants took four different paths: (i) pharmaceutical (most common, risk reduction with cholesterol lowering statins), (ii) mixed (statins and behaviour change), (iii) behavioural (behaviour change, focus on wellbeing) and (iv) ‘lost’ (no prevention, difficult social/personal circumstances). Drawing on Berg we argue that coronary heart disease (CHD) risk assessment technologies are formal tools that generate, rather than represent, high risk in a way that patients often experience lifestyle change as futile, because it rarely reduces their cholesterol to targets defined by the tools. We suggest social scientists studying incipient or ‘proto‐diseases’, such as CHD risk, should not only focus on understandings but also investigate the technologies (and the associated guidelines, policies, clinical practice and pharmaceutical industry operations) that generate incipient diseases and patients’ experiences of them. However, technologies do not determine experience and we also discuss elements that direct patients down other than the pharmaceutical path.
Age‐dependent changes in eumelanin composition in hairs of various ethnic origins
Authors: Commo S. , Wakamatsu K. , Lozano I. , Panhard S. , Loussouarn G. , Bernard B.A. , Ito S. 
Published: October 2011

SynopsisHair pigmentation is one of the most conspicuous phenotypes of humans. From a chemical point of view, however, data remain scarce regarding human hair pigmentation characteristics. To determine melanin content and composition in human eumelanic hair from individuals of different ethnic origins and at different ages, we collected hair from 56 subjects with eumelanic hair from each group of African‐American, East Asian, and Caucasian origin. The 56 subjects consist of 14, seven each of males and females, each from four age classes of younger than 11, between 12 and 19, between 20 and 45, and older than 46. We analysed hair colour scale, total melanin value, and contents of pyrrole‐2,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid (PTCA) and pyrrole‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid (PDCA). We measured age‐dependent increases in the relative quantity of eumelanin in pigmented human hairs in the three ethnic groups. Regarding melanin composition, we observed an increase in the PDCA/PTCA ratio with age in African‐American and Caucasian hairs until approaching the quite constant level of the ratio in East Asian hairs in the elderly individuals. Our results evidence differences in the content and composition of eumelanin in human hair among African‐American, Caucasian and East Asian individuals. Furthermore, we show evidence of age‐dependent changes in the quantity and quality of eumelanin in pigmented human hairs. In particular, the age‐dependent modification of the PDCA/PTCA ratio, a marker for 5,6‐dihydroxyindole units in eumelanin, suggests a chronological evolution of hair follicle melanocyte phenotype (e.g. decrease in dopachrome tautomerase expression).