bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Gels of a Syndiotactic Polystyrene Derivative with a Large Side‐Chain Group
Authors: Sago Tomohiro , Tokami Tomokatsu , Itagaki Hideyuki , Ishihara Nobuhide , Canter Christina , Guenet Jean‐Michel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSummary: Gelation of syndiotactic poly(p‐tert‐butylstyrene) (sPTBS), a syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) derivative having a larger side‐chain group, was first examined with several solvents. The temperature‐concentration phase diagram of sPTBS/trans‐decalin gel clearly exhibited that sPTBS formed a polymer‐solvent molecular compound with a ratio of 2.7 trans‐decalin per one monomer unit. Our polarized fluorescence technique demonstrated that there appeared to exist more spacious free volume among sPTBS chains than sPS in a gel state. A cause determining the morphology of sPTBS with organic solvents was discussed in the present paper.
Hydration of Temperature‐Responsive Polymers Observed by IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Maeda Yasushi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSummary: Phase separation of aqueous solutions of temperature‐responsive polymers such as poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAm) and poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide) (PdEA) was investigated. IR spectroscopy was proved to be a quite useful method observing changes in the hydration states of individual chemical groups of the polymers. For example, the analyses of the amide I and II bands provides important information concerning the hydrogen bonding of the CO group and the N‐H group, respectively. Changes in the CH stretching bands indicate hydration changes of the alkyl groups. In addition, molecular simulations based on quantum chemistry give a strong support to the interpretation on molecular level. Our recent progress on this subject was presented and the relationship between the molecular interactions and the macroscopic phase behaviors was discussed.
Interpolymer Complexes of Poly(N,N‐Dimethylacrylamide/Poly(Styrene‐co‐Acrylic Acid): Thermal Stability and FTIR Analysis
Authors: Hadj Hamou Assia Siham , Djadoun Said 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSummary: This contribution will focus on the elaboration and characterizations of new materials with optimal properties as interpolymer complexes, upon mixing poly (styrene‐co‐acrylic acid containing 18, 27 and 32 mol % of acrylic acid (SAA‐x) and poly (N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA), through the control of the densities, strength, self‐association and accessibility of the interacting species. These elaborated interpolymer complexes, of different structures, investigated by DSC and TGA, exhibited a significant improved thermal stability. Their DSC analysis showed that all these materials showed one composition‐dependence glass transition temperature Tg, indicating the formation of a single homogeneous phase. The different behaviors of Tg‐initial composition observed with these systems were analyzed by the approaches of Kwei and Brostow et al., recently developed. The specific interactions that occurred within the elaborated materials were evidenced qualitatively by ATR/FTIR spectroscopy, from the appearance of new bands in the 1800–1550 cm−1 region.
Poly[2‐(N,N‐Dimethylamino) Ethyl Methacrylate] /Poly(Styrene‐Co‐Methacrylic Acid) Interpolymer Complexes
Authors: Abdellaoui‐Arous Naima , Djadoun Said 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSummary: Poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA), copolymers of different compositions of styrene with 2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (SDMAEMA) or methacrylic acid (SMA) were synthesized by free radical polymerization and characterized by several techniques. Different ternary mixtures containing proton‐acceptors PDMAEMA or SDMAEMA, proton‐donor copolymers SMA and a solvent (butan‐2‐one or THF) were prepared. The present study, that investigated several factors that affected the phase behaviors of the ternary mixtures above, confirmed that, indeed depending on the nature of solvent, densities of interacting species, amounts of efficient specific interactions that occurred between the two copolymers, interpolymer complexes of different structures were elaborated. The complexation phenomena, observed with these different systems were analyzed in solution by viscometry that confirmed these effects in monitoring the formation of interpolymer complexes. The specific interactions that occurred between pairs of polymers of each system above were qualitatively evidenced by FTIR spectroscopy from the appearance of new bands or their new redistribution. The glass transition temperature Tg of the obtained complexes of different structures determined by DSC varied differently with the weight fraction of one of the copolymers. These various Tg‐compositions were analyzed using the Kwei and Brostow et al. approach recently developed. Thermal analysis of some of the elaborated complexes, examined by thermogravimetry, confirmed their improved thermal stability.
Effect of Solvent on the Morphology and Microstructure of Light Emitting Organogels
Authors: Dasgupta D. , Srinivasan S. , Ajayaghosh A. , Guenet J.M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSummary: Self assembly of oligo(phenylene vinylene) based gelator is studied in three different solvents namely, trans‐decahydronaphthalene (trans‐decalin), benzene and benzyl alcohol. The morphology as well as the thermal properties are different for benzyl alcohol gel as compared to those gels in trans‐decalin or benzene. X‐ray diffraction studies indicate that in case of benzyl alcohol gel, the molecular organization is highly ordered with respect to the fibrils grown in other two solvents.
Immortalization of swine umbilical vein endothelial cells (SUVECs) with the simian virus 40 large‐T antigen
Authors: Chrusciel Marcin , Bodek Gabriel , Kirtiklis Lech , Lewczuk Bogdan , Hyder Claire L. , Blitek Agnieszka , Kaczmarek Monika M. , Ziecik Adam J. , Andronowska Aneta 
Published: June 2011

AbstractImplementation of the swine umbilical vein endothelial cells (SUVECs) model in vitro can be instrumental in determining the biology of endothelial cells. We have generated an immortalized endothelial cell line, G‐1410, using Simian virus 40 T‐antigen (SV40 T‐ag) primarily to overcome the short life span before the onset of senescence and high variability among enzymatically isolated cells of primary cultures. Fast proliferating cells were selected from cultures and, after a fifth passage, examined for the presence of the SV40 T‐ag by PCR and immunocytochemistry. Phase contrast and transmission electron microscopy revealed that G‐1410 cells did not differ morphologically from SUVECs. The G‐1410 cells exhibited positive staining for vascular endothelial (VE)‐cadherin and von Willebrand factor (vWF), and formed capillary‐like tube structures on Matrigel. Despite the strong oncogenic signal provided by SV40 T‐ag, these transformed G‐1410 cells have remained karyotypically normal and non‐tumorigenic. G‐1410 cells also responded to stimulation with VEGF, FGF‐2, and newborn calf serum. Moreover, G‐1410 cells showed elevated expression of VEGF120, VEGF164 (VEGF‐A), and FGF‐2 at both mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, based on the cytological and functional evaluation of the newly obtained immortalized cell line, it can be concluded that G‐1410 cells provide a useful tool for studying the effects of VEGF and FGF systems, and other signal transduction pathways related to angiogenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:597–610, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative tissue oxygen measurement in multiple organs using 19F MRI in a rat model
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Shah Sameer J. , Wilmes Lisa J. , Feiner John , Kodibagkar Vikram D. , Wendland Michael F. , Mason Ralph P. , Hylton Nola , Hopf Harriet W. , Rollins Mark D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMeasurement of individual organ tissue oxygen levels can provide information to help evaluate and optimize medical interventions in many areas including wound healing, resuscitation strategies, and cancer therapeutics. Echo planar 19F MRI has previously focused on tumor oxygen measurement at low oxygen levels (pO2) <30 mmHg. It uses the linear relationship between spin‐lattice relaxation rate (R1) of hexafluorobenzene (HFB) and pO2. The feasibility of this technique for a wider range of pO2values and individual organ tissue pO2 measurement was investigated in a rat model. Spin‐lattice relaxation times (T1= 1/R1) of hexafluorobenzene were measured using 19F saturation recovery echo planar imaging. Initial in vitro studies validated the linear relationship between R1 and pO2 from 0 to 760 mmHg oxygen partial pressure at 25, 37, and 41°C at 7 Tesla for hexafluorobenzene. In vivo experiments measured rat tissue oxygen (ptO2) levels of brain, kidney, liver, gut, muscle, and skin during inhalation of both 30 and 100% oxygen. All organ ptO2 values significantly increased with hyperoxia (P < 0.001). This study demonstrates that 19F MRI of hexafluorobenzene offers a feasible tool to measure regional ptO2 in vivo, and that hyperoxia significantly increases ptO2 of multiple organs in a rat model. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A B1‐insensitive high resolution 2D T1 mapping pulse sequence for dGEMRIC of the HIP at 3 Tesla
Authors: Lattanzi Riccardo , Glaser Christian , Mikheev Artem V. , Petchprapa Catherine , Mossa David J. , Gyftopoulos Soterios , Rusinek Henry , Recht Michael , Kim Daniel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEarly detection of cartilage degeneration in the hip may help prevent onset and progression of osteoarthritis in young patients with femoroacetabular impingement. Delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of cartilage is sensitive to cartilage glycosaminoglycan loss and could serve as a diagnostic tool for early cartilage degeneration. We propose a new high resolution 2D T1 mapping saturation–recovery pulse sequence with fast spin echo readout for delayed gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage of the hip at 3 T. The proposed sequence was validated in a phantom and in 10 hips, using radial imaging planes, against a rigorous multipoint saturation–recovery pulse sequence with fast spin echo readout. T1 measurements by the two pulse sequences were strongly correlated (R2 > 0.95) and in excellent agreement (mean difference = −8.7 ms; upper and lower 95% limits of agreement = 64.5 and −81.9 ms, respectively). T1 measurements were insensitive to B1+ variation as large as 20%, making the proposed T1 mapping technique suitable for 3 T. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nanofibrillar Patterns on PET: The Influence of Plasma Parameters in Surface Morphology
Authors: Wohlfart Ellen , Fernández‐Blázquez Juan P. , Arzt Eduard , del Campo Aránzazu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis manuscript studies the formation of nanopatterns onto PET films under different experimental conditions. Homogeneous patterns with randomly distributed bumps or nanofibrils were observed depending on the plasma parameters. The influence of the power, oxygen pressure and electrode charge in the etching rate and final nanotopography is studied and discussed. The superhydrophobic properties of the nanostructured films are analysed. magnified image
Experimental assimilation of DIAL water vapour observations in the ECMWF global model
Authors: Harnisch F. , Weissmann M. , Cardinali C. , Wirth M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA unique airborne differential absorption lidar (DIAL) for water vapour observations was developed at the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt (DLR). Installed on board the DLR Falcon 20 aircraft, the system measured a dataset of about 3900 water vapour profiles during the T‐PARC field campaign. These high‐resolution humidity observations were assimilated into the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) global model using a version of the operational four‐dimensional variational data assimilation system. The assimilation system is able to extract the information for DIAL observations, and verification with independent dropsonde observations shows a reduction in the analysis error when DIAL water vapour observations are assimilated. The forecast influence of the humidity observations is found to be small in most cases, but the observations are able to affect the forecast considerably under certain conditions. Systematic errors are investigated by comparison between humidity model fields, DIAL and dropsonde observations. Overall, DIAL observations are roughly 7–10% drier than model fields throughout the troposphere. Comparison with dropsonde observations suggests that the DIAL observations are too dry in the lower troposphere but not above it. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Multi‐sensor satellite remote sensing of dust aerosols over North Africa during GERBILS
Authors: Christopher Sundar A. , Gupta Pawan , Johnson Ben , Ansell Catherine , Brindley Helen , Haywood Jim 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this paper we provide an overview of various satellite products over the Sahara Desert that were available during the GERBILS field campaign. Our results indicate that all mid‐visible satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) products match well with AERONET retrievals. For low AOD (AOD < 1), the satellite AODs compare well with aircraft AOD values but they tend to underestimate at high AOD values. We then assessed the satellite products in 0.5 × 0.5 degree grids for the entire study region (10–30°N and 20°W–10°E). If we use a multi‐angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) as a benchmark for AOD retrievals over bright targets, the estimated AOD derived from the ozone‐monitoring instrument aerosol index–MISR relationship performs best when compared with MISR for the entire study region. Although differences exist among satellite products, the advancement in satellite retrieval techniques now provide AOD retrievals over bright targets such as deserts, which are useful for numerical modeling simulation comparisons and other studies. Furthermore, the in situ information from aircraft and the ground continue to provide valuable information for validating satellite products and for assessing their strengths and weaknesses. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and British Crown Copyright, theMet Office
Venture failure, stigma, and impression management: A self‐verification, self‐determination view
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Haynie J. Michael 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe offer a theoretical basis for understanding how and to what end entrepreneurs employ impression management strategies in response to the negative attributions associated with the stigma of venture failure. Our framework offers counterintuitive insights into why some entrepreneurs stigmatized by failure will use impression management strategies to align their conception of self with how others perceive them—even if that means adopting a negative view of self. Our model highlights a potential paradox related to competing individual (the entrepreneur) and organizational goals, with regard to actions positioned to enhance the psychological well‐being of the failed entrepreneur. Copyright © 2011 Strategic Management Society.
Five Years of siRNA Delivery: Spotlight on Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Lytton‐Jean Abigail K. R. , Langer Robert , Anderson Daniel G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGold nanoparticles have become widely used in scientific research due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In the last several years their use as siRNA delivery agents has been investigated. Here, progress made using gold nanoparticles for siRNA delivery is described and the different strategies employed are compared.
Quantitative Sensory Testing to assess the sensory characteristics of cancer‐induced bone pain after radiotherapy and potential clinical biomarkers of response
Authors: Scott A.C. , McConnell S. , Laird B. , Colvin L. , Fallon M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground/aimsRadiotherapy (XRT) is the gold standard treatment for cancer‐induced bone pain (CIBP), but only 50% of patients achieve adequate pain relief within 6 weeks. No predictors of analgesic response to XRT are known. The aim of this preliminary study was to explore the effect of XRT on sensory changes in CIBP with a view to predicting response.MethodsAfter ethics committee approval, patients with CIBP were assessed prior to and 4–6 weeks after palliative XRT. This included completion of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and bedside Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) measuring evoked sensations to quantified stimuli on the skin over the area of CIBP and a control site.ResultsTwenty‐three patients were assessed pre and post XRT. Thirteen (57%) had an analgesic response (defined as ≥30% reduction in total BPI). Those patients who had normalisation of abnormal warm sensation (“warm responders”, n = 6) were different in that they had higher baseline functional BPI pain scores (median score (IQR) in warm responders = 43 (31.75–58) compared to 31 (12–39.5) in the remaining patients, p = 0.039), larger reductions in pain scores (median difference of 33.5 in total BPI, p = 0.027) and increased likelihood of resolution of sensitivity to pinprick.ConclusionsThis is the first clinical study to demonstrate alterations in sensory responses in CIBP. Alterations in specific sensory characteristics seem to be associated with an increased likelihood of successful analgesia from palliative XRT. This supports the use of QST in further biomarker studies to predict response to therapy and aid clinical decision making.
LipoxinA4 induced antinociception and decreased expression of NF‐κB and pro‐inflammatory cytokines after chronic dorsal root ganglia compression in rats
Authors: Sun T. , Yu E. , Yu L. , Luo J. , Li H. , Fu Z. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractInflammatory and immune responses following nerve injury have been shown to play an important role in neuropathic pain. Lipoxins are endogenous lipoxygenase‐derived eicosanoids performing protective roles in a range of pathophysiologic processes. Here, we examined the effects of intrathecal lipoxinA4 (LXA4) on NF‐κB activation and pro‐inflammatory cytokine (TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6) expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) following chronic compression of DRG (CCD), a model of neuropathic pain. Daily intrathecal injection of vehicle or LXA4 (10 ng or 100 ng) was performed for three successive days post‐CCD. CCD induced both mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, and increased the expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and NF‐κB. Intrathecal injection of LXA4 prevented the development of neuropathic pain and inhibited NF‐κB activation and pro‐inflammatory cytokine upregulation in a dose‐dependent manner. In this study, we have shown the strong protective effect of intrathecal LXA4 on the development of nociceptive behaviors induced by CCD and that these effects might be associated with its anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolution properties.
A new meta-analytic method for neuroimaging studies that combines reported peak coordinates and statistical parametric maps
Authors: Radua J. , Mataix-Cols D. , Phillips M.L. , El-Hage W. , Kronhaus D.M. , Cardoner N. , Surguladze S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMeta-analyses are essential to summarize the results of the growing number of neuroimaging studies in psychiatry, neurology and allied disciplines. Image-based meta-analyses use full image information (i.e. the statistical parametric maps) and well-established statistics, but images are rarely available making them highly unfeasible. Peak-probability meta-analyses such as activation likelihood estimation (ALE) or multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA) are more feasible as they only need reported peak coordinates. Signed-differences methods, such as signed differential mapping (SDM) build upon the positive features of existing peak-probability methods and enable meta-analyses of studies comparing patients with controls. In this paper we present a new version of SDM, named Effect Size SDM (ES-SDM), which enables the combination of statistical parametric maps and peak coordinates and uses well-established statistics. We validated the new method by comparing the results of an ES-SDM meta-analysis of studies on the brain response to fearful faces with the results of a pooled analysis of the original individual data. The results showed that ES-SDM is a valid and reliable coordinate-based method, whose performance might be additionally increased by including statistical parametric maps. We anticipate that ES-SDM will be a helpful tool for researchers in the fields of psychiatry, neurology and allied disciplines.
ON α-LIKE RADICALS
Authors: FRANCE-JACKSON H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA radical ρ is called prime-like if for every prime ring A, the polynomial ring A[x] is ρ-semisimple. Let α be a radical satisfying the polynomial equation α(A[x])=(α(A))[x] for every ring A. A radical γ is called α-like if for every α-semisimple ring A, the polynomial ring A[x] is γ-semisimple. In this paper, we study properties of α-like radicals. We show that α-likeness is a generalization of prime-likeness and extend some results concerning prime-like radicals. This allows us easily to find distinct special radicals which coincide on simple rings and on polynomial rings, which answers a question put by Ferrero.
Geographical distribution of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths among school children in informal settlements in Kisumu City, Western Kenya
Authors: ODIERE MAURICE R. , OPISA SELPHA , ODHIAMBO GLADYS , JURA WALTER G. Z. O. , AYISI JOHN M. , KARANJA DIANA M. S. , MWINZI PAULINE N. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThis cross-sectional study determined the prevalence and distribution of schistosome and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections among 1,308 children aged 10–18 years in 34 primary schools in 8 informal urban settlements in Kisumu City, western Kenya. Stool samples were collected and examined for eggs ofSchistosoma mansoniand STH (Hookworms,Ascaris lumbricoidesandTrichuris trichiura) using the Kato-Katz technique. Haematuria was used as a proxy indicator of urinary schistosomiasis. Schools and water bodies were mapped using a geographical information system. Overall, 34% of children were infected with one or more helminth species whereas 16·2% of children were infected with one or more STH species. Schools in closest proximity to Lake Victoria and River Nyamasaria had the highestS. mansoniprevalence while schools with STH were more homogenously distributed. Mean school prevalence ofS. mansoniinfection was 21% (range=0–69·7%),S. haematobium3·6% (range=0–12%), hookworms 6·1% (range=0–20%),A. lumbricoides4·9% (range=0–18·4%), andT. trichiura7·7% (range=0–18·6%). Helminth-related morbidities were not associated with infection. Our study demonstrates that schistosomiasis and STH are important health priorities among schools in informal settlements of Kisumu City, and highlights the need for routine deworming in similar settings.