bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Capital Reallocation across Firms: Evidence from Idiosyncratic Shocks
Authors: Gilje Erik P , Taillard Jérôme P , Zeng Linghang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study human capital reallocation following firm-specific idiosyncratic shocks. We analyze relegation battles in the English Premier League, a setting that offers well-identified idiosyncratic shocks as well as both individual-level and firm-level productivity metrics. Following a negative idiosyncratic shock, we find that relatively more productive players move to more productive clubs and maintain their long-term productivity. They get replaced with lower productivity players. Overall, our results show that in a setting with highly transferable and observable skills, idiosyncratic shocks lead to a reallocation of human capital that moves the industry toward a better overall match between individual-level and firm-level productivity. (JEL G31, G32, G33, J24)
Risk of urolithiasis associated with allopurinol versus benzbromarone among patients with gout: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Kang Eun Ha , Shin Anna , Park Chang Soo , Lee Eun Bong , Lee Yun Jong , Curhan Gary , Choi Hyon K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the risk of urolithiasis in gout patients initiating allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, vs benzbromarone, a uricosuric.

Methods
Using the 2011–20 Korea National Health Insurance Service database, we conducted a cohort study on gout patients initiating allopurinol vs benzbromarone as the first-line urate-lowering treatment. The primary outcome was a new onset urinary stone. The secondary outcome was a stone requiring intervention. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs using Cox proportional hazard models with a 5:1 ratio propensity-score matching on &gt;80 variables. Subgroup analyses were done by age, sex, thiazide use and cardiovascular risk.

Results
61 300 allopurinol initiators PS-matched on 12 260 benzbromarone initiators were included (mean age 59 years, 79% male). During a mean follow-up of 322 days, 619 urolithiasis cases occurred with an incidence rate of 0.87 per 100 person-years in allopurinol and 1.39 in benzbromarone initiators, showing a HR of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.51–0.80). Approximately 44% of urinary stones required intervention with a HR of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.43–0.88). The lower risk associated with allopurinol compared with benzbromarone persisted across subgroups but was greater in the high than non-high cardiovascular risk subgroup (P for interaction = 0.02)

Conclusion
This population-based cohort study found that allopurinol compared with benzbromarone was associated with a substantially lower risk of urolithiasis particularly in the presence of the high cardiovascular risk. This finding provides important safety information for clinicians’ decision-making on urate-lowering treatments of different mechanisms of action.
Validation of the Behçet’s Syndrome Overall Damage Index (BODI) for retrospective studies and a proposal for modification
Authors: Ozogul Yeliz Yagiz , Ozguler Yesim , Esatoglu Sinem N , Ucar Didar , Uygunoglu Ugur , Kutlubay Zekayi , Hamuryudan Vedat , Hatemi Gulen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Assessment of damage accrual over time is important for evaluating and comparing long-term results of treatment modalities and strategies. Retrospective studies may be useful for assessing long-term damage, especially in rare diseases. We aimed to validate Behçet’s Syndrome Overall Damage Index (BODI) for use in retrospective studies by evaluating its construct validity, reliability and feasibility in retrospectively collected data. Additionally, we aimed to determine missing items by evaluating Behçet’s syndrome patients with different types of organ involvement and long-term follow-up.

Methods
We included 300 patients who had at least two clinic visits at 1-year intervals. The construct validity for use in retrospective trials was assessed by comparing BODI scores calculated from patient charts and during face-to-face visits. BODI was additionally scored using retrospective chart data by two different observers and by the same observer six months apart, in a blinded manner. The time for filling BODI was evaluated to assess feasibility. Additionally, damaged items that were missing from BODI were identified.

Results
There was a good correlation between the retrospective and face-to-face evaluation of BODI (ICC 0.99; %95 CI 0.99–0.99). Inter-observer and intra-observer agreement were good (ICC 0.96 and 1, respectively). The main damage items that BODI did not capture were hypertension, liver failure, lung parenchymal involvement, glaucoma and lymphedema.

Conclusion
BODI seems to be a reliable and feasible instrument for assessing damage in retrospective studies. Modifying BODI using the additional damage items identified in this study may make it an even better scale.
Amphiregulin secreted by umbilical cord multipotent stromal cells protects against ferroptosis of macrophages via the activating transcription factor 3-CD36 axis to alleviate endometrial fibrosis
Authors: Wang Jiali , Li Jingman , Wang Shuangan , Pan Yuchen , Yang Jingjing , Yin Lijie , Dou Huan , Hou Yayi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Endometrium fibrosis is the leading cause of uterine infertility. Macrophages participated in the occurrence and development of endometrial fibrosis. We previously reported that human umbilical cord multipotent stromal cells (hUC-MSCs) exerted their therapeutic effect in a macrophage-dependent manner in endometrial fibrosis. However precise mechanisms by which hUC-MSCs may influence macrophages in endometrial fibrosis remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrated that abnormal iron and lipid metabolism occurred in patients with intrauterine adhesions (IUA) and murine models. Ferroptosis has been proven to contribute to the progression of fibrotic diseases. Our results revealed that pharmacological activation of ferroptosis by Erastin aggravated endometrial fibrosis, while inhibition of ferroptosis by Ferrostatin-1 ameliorated endometrial fibrosis in vivo. Moreover, ferroptosis of macrophages was significantly upregulated in endometria of IUA murine models. Of note, transcriptome profiles revealed that CD36 gene expression was significantly increased in patients with IUA and immunofluorescence analysis showed CD36 protein was mainly located in macrophages. Silencing CD36 in macrophages could reverse cell ferroptosis. Dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that CD36 was the direct target of activation transcription factor 3 (ATF3). Furthermore, through establishing coculture system and IUA murine models, we found that hUC-MSCs had a protective role against macrophage ferroptosis and alleviated endometrial fibrosis related to decreased CD36 and ATF3. The effect of hUC-MSCs on macrophage ferroptosis was attributed to the upregulation of amphiregulin (AREG). Our data highlighted that macrophage ferroptosis occurred in endometrial fibrosis via the ATF3-CD36 pathway and hUC-MSCs protected against macrophage ferroptosis to alleviate endometrial fibrosis via secreting AREG. These findings provided a potential target for therapeutic implications of endometrial fibrosis.
The Rediscovery of a Relict Unlocks the First Global Phylogeny of Whip Spiders (Amblypygi)
Authors: de Miranda Gustavo S , Kulkarni Siddharth S , Tagliatela Jéssica , Baker Caitlin M , Giupponi Alessandro P L , Labarque Facundo M , Gavish-Regev Efrat , Rix Michael G , Carvalho Leonardo S , Fusari Lívia Maria , Harvey Mark S , Wood Hannah M , Sharma Prashant P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Asymmetrical rates of cladogenesis and extinction abound in the tree of life, resulting in numerous minute clades that are dwarfed by larger sister groups. Such taxa are commonly regarded as phylogenetic relicts or “living fossils” when they exhibit an ancient first appearance in the fossil record and prolonged external morphological stasis, particularly in comparison to their more diversified sister groups. Due to their special status, various phylogenetic relicts tend to be well-studied and prioritized for conservation. A notable exception to this trend is found within Amblypygi (“whip spiders”), a visually striking order of functionally hexapodous arachnids that are notable for their antenniform first walking leg pair (the eponymous “whips”). Paleoamblypygi, the putative sister group to the remaining Amblypygi, is known from Late Carboniferous and Eocene deposits but is survived by a single living species, Paracharon caecusHansen (1921), that was last collected in 1899. Due to the absence of genomic sequence-grade tissue for this vital taxon, there is no global molecular phylogeny for Amblypygi to date, nor a fossil-calibrated estimation of divergences within the group. Here, we report a previously unknown species of Paleoamblypygi from a cave site in Colombia. Capitalizing upon this discovery, we generated the first molecular phylogeny of Amblypygi, integrating ultraconserved element sequencing with legacy Sanger datasets and including described extant genera. To quantify the impact of sampling Paleoamblypygi on divergence time estimation, we performed in silico experiments with pruning of Paracharon. We demonstrate that the omission of relicts has a significant impact on the accuracy of node dating approaches that outweighs the impact of excluding ingroup fossils, which bears upon the ancestral range reconstruction for the group. Our results underscore the imperative for biodiversity discovery efforts in elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of “dark taxa,” and especially phylogenetic relicts in tropical and subtropical habitats. The lack of reciprocal monophyly for Charontidae and Charinidae leads us to subsume them into one family, Charontidae, new synonymy.
Benefits and Limits of Phasing Alleles for Network Inference of Allopolyploid Complexes
Authors: Tiley George P , Crowl Andrew A , Manos Paul S , Sessa Emily B , Solís-Lemus Claudia , Yoder Anne D , Burleigh J Gordon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Accurately reconstructing the reticulate histories of polyploids remains a central challenge for understanding plant evolution. Although phylogenetic networks can provide insights into relationships among polyploid lineages, inferring networks may be hindered by the complexities of homology determination in polyploid taxa. We use simulations to show that phasing alleles from allopolyploid individuals can improve phylogenetic network inference under the multispecies coalescent by obtaining the true network with fewer loci compared with haplotype consensus sequences or sequences with heterozygous bases represented as ambiguity codes. Phased allelic data can also improve divergence time estimates for networks, which is helpful for evaluating allopolyploid speciation hypotheses and proposing mechanisms of speciation. To achieve these outcomes in empirical data, we present a novel pipeline that leverages a recently developed phasing algorithm to reliably phase alleles from polyploids. This pipeline is especially appropriate for target enrichment data, where the depth of coverage is typically high enough to phase entire loci. We provide an empirical example in the North American Dryopteris fern complex that demonstrates insights from phased data as well as the challenges of network inference. We establish that our pipeline (PATÉ: Phased Alleles from Target Enrichment data) is capable of recovering a high proportion of phased loci from both diploids and polyploids. These data may improve network estimates compared with using haplotype consensus assemblies by accurately inferring the direction of gene flow, but statistical nonidentifiability of phylogenetic networks poses a barrier to inferring the evolutionary history of reticulate complexes.
Histone deacetylase‐3 regulates the expression of the amyloid precursor protein and its inhibition promotes neuroregenerative pathways in Alzheimer's disease models
Authors: Davis Nicola , Taylor Ben , Abelleira‐Hervas Laura , Karimian‐Marnani Najmeh , Aleksynas Robertas , Syed Nelofer , Di Giovanni Simone , Palmisano Ilaria , Sastre Magdalena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHDAC3 inhibition has been shown to improve memory and reduce amyloid‐β (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the molecular effects of HDAC3 inhibition on AD pathology, using in vitro and ex vivo models of AD, based on our finding that HDAC3 expression is increased in AD brains. For this purpose, N2a mouse neuroblastoma cells as well as organotypic brain cultures (OBCSs) of 5XFAD and wild‐type mice were incubated with various concentrations of the HDAC3 selective inhibitor RGFP966 (0.1–10 μM) for 24 h. Treatment with RGFP966 or HDAC3 knockdown in N2a cells was associated with an increase on amyloid precursor protein (APP) and mRNA expressions, without alterations in Aβ42 secretion. In vitro chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed enriched HDAC3 binding at APP promoter regions. The increase in APP expression was also detected in OBCSs from 5XFAD mice incubated with 1 μM RGFP966, without changes in Aβ. In addition, HDAC3 inhibition resulted in a reduction of activated Iba‐1‐positive microglia and astrocytes in 5XFAD slices, which was not observed in OBCSs from wild‐type mice. mRNA sequencing analysis revealed that HDAC3 inhibition modulated neuronal regenerative pathways related to neurogenesis, differentiation, axonogenesis, and dendritic spine density in OBCSs. Our findings highlight the complexity and diversity of the effects of HDAC3 inhibition on AD models and suggest that HDAC3 may have multiple roles in the regulation of APP expression and processing, as well as in the modulation of neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective genes.
A Systematic Review of Laser Treatment for Angiofibromas in Tuberous Sclerosis
Authors: Gu Yaron , Verheyden Matthew J. , Sebaratnam Deshan F. , Liu Rose C 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUNDWhile mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors have revolutionized the management of angiofibroma in tuberous sclerosis complex (TS), physical modalities such as laser are still indicated for recalcitrant lesions.OBJECTIVEThe authors performed a systematic review of the efficacy and safety of laser treatment for TS-related facial angiofibroma.METHODSThe electronic databases such as MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched from inception to October 10, 2023, for eligible records.RESULTSForty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria, representing a total of 217 patients with TS-related facial angiofibroma who received laser treatment. Several lasers have been trialed in patients including carbon dioxide (n= 95, 43.7%), pulsed dye (n= 21, 9.7%), argon (n= 16, 7.4%), neodymium-doped: yttrium aluminum garnet (n= 12, 5.5%), copper vapor (n= 9, 4.1%), potassium titanyl phosphate (n= 7, 3.2%), erbium: yttrium aluminum garnet (n= 2, 0.9%), lasers and various combination therapies (n= 55, 25.3%).CONCLUSIONPotassium titanyl phosphate, pulsed dye, and neodymium-dopsed:yttrium aluminum garnet lasers are better suited to manage the vascular components of angiofibroma while ablative lasers such as erbium: yttrium aluminum garnet and carbon dioxide lasers may present better options for lesions with a prominent fibrous component. While several lasers have been trialed with broadly favorable results, the low level of evidence precludes definitive conclusions, and no single laser appears superior.
Targeting cellular cathepsins inhibits hepatitis E virus entry
Authors: Klöhn Mara , Burkard Thomas , Janzen Juliana , Haase Jil A. , Gömer André , Fu Rebecca , Ssebyatika George , Nocke Maximilian K. , Brown Richard J. P. , Krey Thomas , Dao Thi Viet Loan , Kinast Volker , Brüggemann Yannick , Todt Daniel , Steinmann Eike 
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims:
HEV is estimated to be responsible for 70,000 deaths annually, yet therapy options remain limited. In the pursuit of effective antiviral therapies, targeting viral entry holds promise and has proven effective for other viruses. However, the precise mechanisms and host factors required during HEV entry remain unclear. Cellular proteases have emerged as host factors required for viral surface protein activation and productive cell entry by many viruses. Hence, we investigated the functional requirement and therapeutic potential of cellular protease during HEV infection.

Approach and Results:
Using our established HEV cell culture model and subgenomic HEV replicons, we found that blocking lysosomal cathepsins (CTS) with small molecule inhibitors impedes HEV infection without affecting replication. Most importantly, the pan-cathepsin inhibitor K11777 suppressed HEV infections with an EC50 of ~0.02 nM. Inhibition by K11777, devoid of notable toxicity in hepatoma cells, was also observed in HepaRG and primary human hepatocytes. Furthermore, through time-of-addition and RNAscope experiments, we confirmed that HEV entry is blocked by inhibition of cathepsins. Cathepsin L (CTSL) knockout cells were less permissive to HEV, suggesting that CTSL is critical for HEV infection. Finally, we observed cleavage of the glycosylated ORF2 protein and virus particles by recombinant CTSL.

Conclusions:
In summary, our study highlights the pivotal role of lysosomal cathepsins, especially CTSL, in the HEV entry process. The profound anti-HEV efficacy of the pan-cathepsin inhibitor K11777, especially with its notable safety profile in primary cells, further underscores its potential as a therapeutic candidate.
Peri-anesthetic Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Desflurane Waste Anesthetic Gas in a Large Animal Veterinary Hospital
Authors: Douglas Hope F. , Midon Monica , Floriano Dario , Hopster Klaus 
Published: May 2024

Objectives
The goals were to determine the environmental levels of desflurane waste anesthetic gas and the desflurane occupational exposure of operating room staff during the anesthesia of large animal veterinary patients.

Methods
Active environmental sampling was performed using single-beam infrared spectrophotometry. Passive sampling with dosimeter badges was used to measure the occupational exposure of anesthesia and operating room staff.

Results
Higher concentrations of desflurane (n = 16) were measured at all recovery timepoints relative to the concentrations measured at all locations and timepoints at the start of anesthesia and surgery (P < 0.05). Time-weighted average desflurane concentrations from dosimeter badges (n = 310) were higher for anesthesia staff than for other operating room personnel (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The anesthetic recovery of large animal patients is a period of increased exposure to desflurane waste anesthetic gas for veterinary staff.
The Association of Physiotherapy and Opioid Use With Duration of Compensated Time Loss for Workers With Low Back Pain
Authors: Low Karyn K. X. , Di Donato Michael , Gray Shannon E. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo determine patterns of physiotherapy and opioid use among compensated workers with low back pain (LBP), factors associated with these, and their association with time loss.MethodsAccepted Victorian and South Australian workers' compensation claims, services, and medicines data for LBP claims lodged June 30, 2010–July 1, 2015. Descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic, and Cox regression were used to determine usage groups, their predictors, and effect of these on time loss.ResultsOf 15,728 claims, 24.4% received no services, 3.6% received opioids only, 43.3% received physiotherapy only, and 28.8% received both opioids and physiotherapy. Sex, age, occupation, remoteness, jurisdiction, and socioeconomic status were significantly associated with usage groups. Using opioids and physiotherapy had the longest time loss.ConclusionsAny services/medicine usage was associated with increased time loss and was longest for combined physiotherapy and opioids.
Mandated Rest Breaks and Occupational Injuries and Illnesses in Dallas County, Texas Construction Workers
Authors: Schinasi Leah H. , Williams Augusta , Schnake-Mahl Alina 
Published: May 2024

Objective
We estimated associations of a rest break ordinance, implemented for construction workers in Dallas, Texas in 2016, with workplace injuries and illnesses.

Methods
We used workers’ compensation claims data to compare changes in rates of injuries and illnesses among Dallas County, Texas construction (ie, “treated”) workers with changes in untreated workers, before (2013–2015) and after (2016–2018) a rest break ordinance was implemented.

Results
Immediately after the ordinance was implemented, rates of injuries/illnesses among treated workers were modestly lower than in comparison workers (rate ratio comparing postmandate vs premandate rates, treated vs comparison workers: 0.89, 95% confidence interval: 0.72–1.11). Postordinance versus preordinance slope trends were similar in the treated versus the comparison group.

Conclusions
Ten-minute rest breaks were associated with modestly lower rates of workplace injury/illnesses. More comprehensive standards may be needed for protection.
The transition of surgical simulation training and its learning curve: a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2023
Authors: Zhang Jun , Luo Zai , Zhang Renchao , Ding Zehao , Fang Yuan , Han Chao , Wu Weidong , Cen Gang , Qiu Zhengjun , Huang Chen 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Proficient surgical skills are essential for surgeons, making surgical training an important part of surgical education. The development of technology promotes the diversification of surgical training types. This study analyzes the changes in surgical training patterns from the perspective of bibliometrics, and applies the learning curves as a measure to demonstrate their teaching ability.

Method:
Related papers were searched in the Web of Science database using the following formula: TS=[(training OR simulation) AND (learning curve) AND (surgical)]. Two researchers browsed the papers to ensure that the topics of articles were focused on the impact of surgical simulation training on the learning curve. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R packages were applied to analyze the publication trends, countries, authors, keywords, and references of selected articles.

Result:
Ultimately, 2461 documents were screened and analyzed. The USA is the most productive and influential country in this field. Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques publish the most articles, while surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques is the most cited journal. Aggarwal Rajesh is the most productive and influential author. Keyword and reference analyses reveal that laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery, virtue reality, and artificial intelligence were the hotspots in the field.

Conclusion:
This study provided a global overview of the current state and future trend in the surgical education field. The study surmised the applicability of different surgical simulation types by comparing and analyzing the learning curves, which is helpful for the development of this field.