bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity is Related to Increased Menopausal Symptoms among Spanish Women
Authors: Fernández-Alonso Ana M , Cuadros José l , Chedraui Peter , Mendoza Marcela , Cuadros Ángela M , Pérez-López Faustino R 
Published: October 2010

Objective. To assess the metabolic syndrome (METS) and its components in postmenopausal women using updated diagnostic criteria and explore their relation to menopausal symptom severity. Method. Medical records of the first visit of 574 postmenopausal Caucasian Spanish women attending a menopause clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Recorded information included general demographic data, type of menopause, menopausal symptom intensity (Kupperman index) and baseline hormonal and metabolic parameters. METS was established if three or more of the following criteria were met: body mass index (BMI) >28.8 kg/m2, fasting glycaemia >100 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <50 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL and blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg. Results Mean ± SD age of the whole cohort was 49.9 ± 6.1 years, 66% had natural menopause and 38.9% were obese. In all, 23.1% met diagnostic criteria for METS who were significantly older and displayed higher rates of being married, obesity and abnormal glucose, triglyceride, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure values, when compared with those without the syndrome. The mean Kupperman index score for the whole sample was 26.4 ± 10.6, with 73.8% displaying moderate to severe scores (20 or more). Logistic regression analysis determined that obesity and marriage status were independent risk factors related to more severe menopausal symptoms (Kupperman index scores of 20 or more). Conclusion. Although METS was observed in a lower frequency than previous reports, obesity was associated with more severe menopausal symptoms among postmenopausal Spanish women.
Lowering the Age at Menarche and Risk of Early Menarche in a Population of Spanish Postmenopausal Women During the Past Two Decades
Authors: Mendoza Nicolás , Galliano Daniela , Salamanca Alberto , Castro Juan Eloy Ruiz , Mozas Juan , Sánchez-Borrego Rafael , Quereda Francisco , Vázquez Francisco , Martínez-Astorquiza Txantón 
Published: October 2010

Aim. The purpose of this study is to confirm in our population the decreasing secular trend in the age of menarche (AAM) observed in other European countries. Another aim is to investigate the association between early menarche and breast cancer, metabolic disorders risk or early menopause. Materials and Methods We conducted a nationwide population-based study of 1980 Caucasoid Spanish postmenopausal women from 2003 to 2006 to investigate the AAM, the duration of the fertile period and the relation of early menarche with breast cancer and some metabolic disorders. Results Regression analysis of AAM demonstrates a trend towards the younger AAM in our population during the past decades ( P > 0.001). Parallel to this decrease we observe a significant increase in the fertility period and the height of our population ( P < 0.001). In the women with AAM less than 11 years, there is an increased risk of hypercholesterolaemia, being overweight and obesity. However, early menarche does not raise the risk of adult onset diabetes, hypertension or breast cancer. Conclusions These data indicate a decreasing secular trend of AAM in a Spanish population in the last decades. Furthermore, hypercholesterolaemia and obesity, but not breast cancer, appears to be influenced by younger AAM. Only women who have their menarche at the age of nine years or less are more likely to have an earlier menopause.
On the origins of physicians: Darwinian or Lamarckian evolution?
Authors: Diamandis Phedias 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Achieving acceptance to a North American and some European medical schools is one of the most difficult academic tasks faced by undergraduate students. The limited number of spots allows for only a fraction of the most highly promising applicants to be accepted each year. Perhaps one of the difficulties that many students face when applying to medical school is that due to the current restriction on enrollment, the application process poses selective pressures, independent of the applicants' suitability for the medical profession. Here I discuss, based on personal experiences, how I believe the process could become more just to all applicants. Allowing public needs and student interest to better dictate the number of graduating physicians could help relieve some of the current admission pressures, including the rather arbitrary selection of a small fraction of applicants from a large group of sufficiently proficient students. I believe that this proposal, if implemented, will likely not only remove some biases of our admission system, but also sufficiently change the landscape of those accepted, to include students with a genuine professional interest in the underserviced field of family practice.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1389–92.
Changes caused by heat treatment in chemical composition and some physical properties of acacia hybrid sapwood
Authors: Tuong Vu Manh , Li Jian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAcacia hybrid (Acacia mangium×auriculiformis) sapwood was heat-treated in nitrogen under laboratory conditions for 2–6 h at 210°C–230°C. Chemical composition and physical properties including water absorption and swelling were examined. The results showed that these properties were reduced significantly by heat treatment, and there is an interactive effect of temperature and time on them. Chemical changes of the wood surface were determined by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy analysis. Results indicate that the O/C ratio decreases as a function of treatment intensity due to the migration of extractives and degradation products to the surface during heat treatment. The C1speaks showed an elevated content of lignin and extractives, whereas the hydroxyl group content was diminished with elevated treatment temperature. The O1speaks revealed an increase in the O1peak and confirmed the course of C1speaks. These results coincide with the decrease in water absorption and swelling of wood after heat treatment.
Fungi associated with bamboo and their decay capabilities
Authors: Kim Jae-Jin , Lee Sung-Suk , Ra Jong-Bum , Lee Hwanhwi , Huh Nayoon , Kim Gyu-Hyeok 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Biological deterioration is the most important issue facing the use of bamboo as a bioresource. To identify the fungi responsible for bamboo degradation, isolates were obtained from three decaying bamboo species and evaluated. A total of 16 genera and 18 species of fungi were isolated and identified. The major fungi causing serious damage are Trametes versicolor and Arthrinium arundinis, which caused the largest weight losses in tests, of approximately 21.6% and 17.9%, respectively. This investigation confirms that the natural durability of bamboo in outdoor utilization is low.
Undrained Response of Clay in Hollow Cylinder Expansion Tests
Authors: Silvestri Vincenzo , Diab Riad , Abou Samra Ghassan , Bravo-Jonard Christian 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
This paper presents the results of undrained plane strain expansion tests of hollow cylindrical specimens of normally consolidated clay. The stress-strain curves and the total stress paths are first deduced from the experimental radial pressure-expansion relationships by using Nadai’s total stress approach. The stress-strain curves are then compared with theoretical relations based on the modified Cam clay theory. The effective stress paths, which are obtained by subtracting measured pore water pressure from the total stress paths, are also compared with those derived from the modified Cam clay. Finally, the undrained shear strengths, calculated from both Nadai’s approach and the modified Cam clay, are compared with values determined by using an expression based upon an elastic perfectly plastic model.
Eutrophication and Fisheries: Separating the Effects of Nitrogen Loads and Hypoxia on the Pelagic-to-Demersal Ratio and other Measures of Landings Composition
Authors: Hondorp Darryl W. , Breitburg Denise L. , Davias Lori A. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Building on previous analyses suggesting that the composition of fishery landings reflects the effects of eutrophication on mobile fish and benthos, we examined landings composition in relation to nitrogen loading and the spatial extent of hypoxia in a cross-system comparison of 22 ecosystems. We hypothesized that explicit consideration of both N and hypoxia is important because nutrient enrichment has been shown to have contrasting direct and indirect effects on fisheries. Consistent with this premise, patterns in landings composition differed with respect to N load and the spatial extent of hypoxia. For example, the ratios of pelagic to benthic and demersal biomass in fishery landings (P/D) exhibited a decreasing trend across ecosystems with progressively higher N but were significantly and positively correlated with the spatial extent of hypoxia. The P/D ratios were particularly high in systems with extensive and persistent hypoxia and particularly low in several estuaries where purse seining is prohibited or not used. In analyses that considered all systems, benthic and demersal landings did not decrease at high N as predicted by previous conceptual models, and the negative association with the spatial extent of hypoxia was statistically significant only when the Black Sea was included in the analysis. Landings of pelagic planktivores did not vary with the spatial extent of hypoxia but were positively related to N for all systems combined and for semi-enclosed seas. The trophic and size composition of fishery landings were not related to N or hypoxia, perhaps because landings of large, high-trophic-level species are more influenced by fishery exploitation or practices that mask the effects of water quality. Our results suggest that the response of fisheries to eutrophication differs from prevailing paradigms, which do not clearly distinguish between nutrient and hypoxia effects on fishery landings and do not consider the important influence of fishing practices and regulations on patterns in landings data.
Opioid-receptor gene expression and localization in cancer cells
Authors: Gach Katarzyna , Szemraj Janusz , Stasikowska-Kanicka Olga , Danilewicz Marian , Janecka Anna 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
This study examined the presence and cellular localization of three types of opioid receptors (MOR, DOR and KOR) in five human cancer cell lines: MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HT-29, MGH-U1 and SH-SY5Y. Expression levels of opioid receptors were measured quantitatively using real-time PCR, and the localizations of the receptors in the cells were determined by immunocytochemistry. All three types of opioid receptors were present in each of the five cell lines examined. However, three of the cell lines (MCF-7, HT-29 and SH-SY5Y) showed significantly higher levels of MOR mRNA and protein than the other two types of receptors (DOR and KOR). Immunocytochemistry revealed that MOR, DOR and KOR receptors were predominantly present on the surface of cell membranes, although these receptors were also occasionally present in the cell cytoplasm.
Examining Employee Satisfaction by Means of the Importance-Performance and the Servqual Scales
Authors: Markowicz Iwona 
Published: October 2010

Examining Employee Satisfaction by Means of the Importance-Performance and the Servqual Scales
Satisfaction of workers employed in a Local Government Units (LGU) has the influence on the image of the office as an organisational unit that provides services to the public. There is a relation between the employee and the customer satisfaction. The aim of the article is to present the application of the importance-performance and the SERVQUAL scales in the evaluation of the employee satisfaction. Presented research results are a part of the project carried out in the West Pomeranian province.
Determination of Impact of Propensities by Means of Residuals of Econometric Models for Spatial Data
Authors: Doszyń Mariusz 
Published: October 2010

Determination of Impact of Propensities by Means of Residuals of Econometric Models for Spatial Data
It is important to be aware that economic occurrences depend also on subjective (psychological and sociological) factors. In many cases these causes could be identified with propensities. Propensities could be understood as a generalized psychological and sociological causes that make probabilities of certain events higher in given objective circumstances. In the article proposition of determining impact of propensities on economic phenomena by means of residuals of econometric models for spatial data was discussed. Econometric consequences of omitting subjective factors (propensities) while analyzing socio-economic regularities were presented. Such kind of residuals as OLS, predictive, studentized, recursive and BLUS residuals were described. Econometric properties of mentioned residuals were also pointed out. In the empirical example all types of residuals were used to analyze impact of propensity to consume in chosen European countries in 2006.
Associations between physiotherapy findings and subsequent diagnosis of pelvic or hindlimb fracture in racing Thoroughbreds
Authors: HESSE K. L. , VERHEYEN K. L. P. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study: Physiotherapists who work in racehorse training yards routinely treat horses' backs and hindquarters and may be able to recognise signs that indicate the presence of (impending) pelvic or hindlimb fracture before it becomes catastrophic.Objective: To establish whether physiotherapy assessment findings in Thoroughbred racehorses referred for routine physiotherapy could be predictive of subsequent (within 30 days) pelvic or hindlimb fracture diagnosis.Methods: Retrospective veterinary and physiotherapy data from a cohort of Newmarket (UK) Thoroughbred racehorses, were used. A case‐control study compared physiotherapy assessment findings of racehorses with and without a subsequently diagnosed pelvic or hindlimb fracture. Uni‐ and multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate and quantify the strength of association between physiotherapy findings and subsequent fracture diagnosis. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.Results: A total of 513 horses provided 14 fracture cases for analysis. Presence of pelvic bony asymmetry, muscle atrophy of the quarters, reduced reflex movements of dorsi‐ and/or ventroflexion and spasm or tenderness on palpation of the gluteal muscles were significantly associated with subsequent fracture diagnosis in univariable analysis. Multivariable analysis indicated that horses subsequently diagnosed with pelvic or hindlimb fracture were 11.1 times more likely to show pelvic bony asymmetry, 4.7 times more likely to display muscle atrophy of the quarters and 6.6 times more likely to have spasm or tenderness on palpation of the gluteal muscles than those that were not.Conclusions: Racehorses presented for physiotherapy that show pelvic bony asymmetry, muscle atrophy of the quarters and/or spasm or tenderness on palpation of the gluteal muscles should alert the physiotherapist to the potential presence of (impending) pelvic or hindlimb fracture.Potential relevance: Earlier detection of (impending) pelvic or hindlimb fracture in racing Thoroughbreds could reduce the incidence of catastrophic fractures.
Hindlimb response to tactile stimulation of the pastern and coronet
Authors: CLAYTON H. M. , WHITE A. D. , KAISER L. J. , NAUWELAERTS S. , LAVAGNINO M. , STUBBS N. C. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:Lightweight tactile stimulators attached to the hind pasterns increase the height of the hind hoof flight arc but details of the induced changes in swing phase kinematics and kinetics have not been investigated.Hypotheses:Stimulators on the hind pasterns are associated with increased hindlimb joint flexions and increased positive work performed by the hip and tarsal musculature.Materials and methods:Nine nonlame horses trotted 4 times with and without 55 g tactile stimulators loosely attached around the hind pasterns. Height of the flight arc and peak flexion angles of the hindlimb joints were measured and net positive and negative work performed across each joint during the swing phase were calculated using inverse dynamics analysis and compared across paired conditions.Results:Speed and stride duration did not change but stimulators were associated with a reduction in hind stance duration. The flight arc was higher with stimulators due to increased flexions of the stifle, tarsal, metatarsophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints. Positive work increased in the tarsal musculature, but not in the hip musculature, and negative work increased across the stifle, metatarsophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints.Potential relevance:The effects of tactile stimulation of the hind pasterns on joint motion and muscle activation may be used in physiotherapy and rehabilitation to restore or increase flexion of the hindlimb joints with the exception of the hip joint. The ability to stimulate concentric activity of the tarsal musculature may have therapeutic applications in conditions such as toe dragging.
Orally administered doxycycline accumulates in synovial fluid compared to plasma
Authors: SCHNABEL L. V. , PAPICH M. G. , WATTS A. E. , FORTIER L. A. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:Tetracycline compounds have been used to slow the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis but the concentration of doxycycline attained in synovial fluid following oral, low‐dose administration has yet to be determined.Objective:To determine the concentration of doxycycline in synovial fluid following oral, low‐dose administration.Methods:Six mature horses received doxycycline (5 mg/kg bwt q. 12 h for 5 doses). Venous blood and synovial fluid samples were collected at t = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. Doxycycline concentrations were measured using reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.Results:Doxycycline concentrations at all time points after t = 0 were above the lower limit of quantification for the assay. Plasma concentrations of doxycycline were above 0.21 µg/ml at t = 0.5 h. The mean ± s.d. peak concentration (Cmax) of doxycycline in plasma was 0.37 ± 0.22 µg/ml and time to peak concentration was 0.54 ± 0.19 h. Synovial fluid concentrations of doxycycline were above 0.12 µg/ml 1 h after drug administration. The mean Cmaxof doxycycline in the synovial fluid was 0.27 ± 0.10 µg/ml. The penetration factor of doxycycline from plasma into synovial fluid, as determined by a ratio of the area‐under‐the‐curve for synovial fluid:plasma during the sampling period, was 4.6.Potential relevance:Orally administered doxycycline distributes easily into synovial fluid with a penetration factor of 4.6. Terminal half‐life of the drug in synovial fluid was longer than in the plasma, indicating possible accumulation in this compartment. Furtherin vivostudies are warranted to define a medication protocol prior to routine clinical use of doxycycline for the treatment of OA.
Toe-Touch Weight Bearing: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Rubin Guy , Monder Oded , Zohar Rinat , Oster Ann , Konra Ofra , Rozen Nimrod 
Published: October 2010

Toe-touch weight bearing and partial weight bearing are commonly prescribed orders. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity of toe-touch weight bearing and partial weight bearing regimens.
Twenty-five orthopedic surgeons participated in the study. They were asked to answer a questionnaire regarding toe-touch weight bearing and partial weight bearing definitions, and were asked to bear weight partially according to the accepted definitions of each order. Weight bearing on the affected limb was measured by the SmartStep System (Andante Medical Devices, Ltd, Omer, Israel).
There was a 40% success rate for toe-touch weight bearing as measured by kilograms and 58% as measured by percentage of body weight. There was a 22% success rate for partial weight bearing as measured by kilograms and 50% success rate as measured by percentage of body weight. For toe-touch weight bearing as measured by kilograms, 52% exerted a mean 15.9 kg more than the maximum. For partial weight bearing as measured by kilograms, 64% exerted too much weight with an average of 14.2 kg more than the maximum. There was a significantly higher success rate for the percentage of body weight order than the kilogram order. The partial weight bearing order with the percent body weight order had a lower mean deviation from desired performance. This study and others demonstrate the need for standardization of weight bearing orders.
Septic Knee-Induced Deep Venous Thrombosis in a Young Adult
Authors: Backes Jeffrey , Taylor Benjamin C. , Clayton Matthew D. 
Published: October 2010

This article describes a case of a 26-year-old man presenting with left knee pain of 1 week’s duration, fever, and acute onset of shortness of breath the day of admission. An arthrocentesis of the knee joint was grossly positive for methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
. A left lower extremity venous duplex showed thrombosis of the superficial femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, peroneal, and gastrocnemius veins. Pulmonary computed tomography–angiography was positive for acute pulmonary emboli. Initial management consisted of anticoagulation, intravenous antibiotics, and 2 arthroscopic irrigation and debridement procedures. After a normal transesophageal echocardiogram, a diagnosis of septic knee-induced deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the left lower leg with subsequent septic pulmonary emboli was established.

The patient was discharged to a long-term care facility for a 6-week monitored course of intravenous antibiotics. His DVT and pulmonary emboli were managed successfully with oral warfarin. Two months after his initial presentation, the patient returned with acute worsening knee pain. A knee arthrocentesis was unremarkable; however, radiographic imaging revealed fulminant osteomyelitis of the distal femur. He has since undergone open arthrotomy with excisional irrigation and debridement and is on a chronic oral antibiotic regimen.
Sparse pediatric literature has shown an association between musculoskeletal sepsis and thrombosis. Only 1 case of septic knee-induced DVT exists in the adult literature, and it was not associated with pulmonary emboli. Our case provides evidence that DVT must be considered by the treating physician as a possible and devastating complication of septic arthritis.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Calcific Tendinitis at Unusual Sites Around the Hip
Authors: Oh Kwang-Jun , Yoon Jung-Ro , Shin David Sung-Joon , Yang Jae-Hyuk 
Published: October 2010

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy has been considered to be an effective treatment for various pathogenic orthopedic conditions. However, it is not generally recognized in treatment for calcific tendinitis around the hip region. This article presents 2 cases of calcific tendinitis at the hip, located in the pectineus muscle and the rectus femoris muscle, where successful treatment was achieved using extracorporeal shock wave therapy.
In 1 case, a 60-year-old woman presented with pain in her right thigh of 1 month’s duration that had become severe in intensity for 1 week. Physical examination revealed marked localized tenderness over the posterolateral aspect of the right thigh when positioned in flexion, abduction, and external rotation. Anteroposterior and frog-leg lateral radiographs revealed nodular-shaped calcium deposits at the posterolateral aspect of the proximal thigh. T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the hip joint revealed a 2.7×1.3-cm, low-signal density area near the femoral insertion of pectineus and gluteus maximus muscle with inflammatory infiltration in the surrounding soft tissue. Treatment was started in the form of extracorporeal shock wave therapy, doses of which were administered in 3 sessions with an interval of 7 days. Radiographs of the affected thigh taken 4 weeks after therapy showed disintegration of the calcium deposits.