bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescents' relational schemas and their subjective understanding of romantic relationship interactions
Authors: Smith Justin D. , Welsh Deborah P. , Fite Paula J. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTThis study examines the association between adolescents' relational schemas and their subjective understanding of interactions in the context of male–female romantic relationships. We employed an innovative multimodal methodology: the video‐recall system [Welsh, D. P., & Dickson, J. W. (2005). Video‐recall procedures for examining subjective understanding in observational data. Journal of Family Psychology, 19(1), 62–71], which includes both adolescent participants' perspectives, as well as those of trained coders. Dyadic structural equation modeling (SEM) with latent variables was used to examine two dependent variables: Discomfort and Power. Relational schemas were only associated with the participants' interpretation of Discomfort, and did not differ by gender. The association between relational schemas and Power were different by gender, suggesting males and females with more vulnerable relational schemas may employ different strategies to cope with their insecurity. Males' relational schemas were also associated with the observers' interpretations of Power for both couple members. Possible implications of this finding for attachment theory and adolescent romantic relationships are discussed.
Laser‐evoked potentials as a tool for assessing the efficacy of antinociceptive drugs
Authors: Truini A. , Panuccio G. , Galeotti F. , Maluccio M.R. , Sartucci F. , Avoli M. , Cruccu G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLaser‐evoked potentials (LEPs) are brain responses to laser radiant heat pulses and reflect the activation of Aδ nociceptors. LEPs are to date the reference standard technique for studying nociceptive pathway function in patients with neuropathic pain. To find out whether LEPs also provide a useful neurophysiological tool for assessing antinociceptive drug efficacy, in this double‐blind placebo‐controlled study we measured changes induced by the analgesic tramadol on LEPs in 12 healthy subjects. We found that tramadol decreased the amplitude of LEPs, whereas placebo left LEPs unchanged. The opioid antagonist naloxone partially reversed the tramadol‐induced LEP amplitude decrease. We conclude that LEPs may be reliably used in clinical practice and research for assessing the efficacy of antinociceptive drugs.
Acceptance of pain in adolescents with chronic pain: Validation of an adapted assessment instrument and preliminary correlation analyses
Authors: McCracken Lance M. , Gauntlett‐Gilbert Jeremy , Eccleston Christopher 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIt is important to understand the processes that contribute to disability and distress in adolescents with chronic pain. For example, research has identified that when adolescents can positively adapt to the consequences of health condition, rather than attempt to change the condition itself, they also function better and experience less distress. This pattern of behavior is similar to what is referred to as “acceptance” of pain in the adult literature. Although acceptance is consistently associated with positive outcomes in adult studies, there has been less investigation of acceptance in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of an adolescent‐adapted version of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ‐A), and, using this instrument, to carry out a preliminary investigation of acceptance in adolescents with chronic pain. A sample of 122 highly disabled adolescents with chronic pain attending a specialty service completed the adapted CPAQ‐A. They also completed standardized measures of their pain and daily functioning. Results supported the reliability and validity of the CPAQ‐A. Correlation analyses showed that higher levels of acceptance were associated with lower levels of distress and disability, but not with lower pain intensity. Regression analyses were carried out to assess the independent contribution of acceptance after pain intensity and demographic variables were taken into account. In these analyses acceptance accounted for significant variance in disability, psychological distress, and developmental and family functioning. We discuss developmental aspects of acceptance in adolescents and clinical implications of these findings.
Flat panel cone beam computed tomography of the sinuses
Authors: Zoumalan Richard A. , Lebowitz Richard A. , Wang Edwin , Yung Kathryn , Babb James S. , Jacobs Joseph B. 
Published: May 2009

ObjectiveThis study aims to compare the image quality and potential diagnostic accuracy of paranasal sinus CT scans generated by flat panel cone beam CT at three specific data acquisition times.Study DesignProspective, single blinded analysis.Subjects and MethodsEleven patients without previous radiologic evaluation were selected based on history and findings suspicious for chronic sinusitis. Each patient was scanned at three different acquisition times: 10, 20, and 40 seconds. A panel of neuroradiologists and otolaryngologists, blinded to the scan acquisition time, individually reviewed images and rated overall image quality and visualization of specific anatomic sites. Image noise values were also calculated. Techniques were compared with a Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed ranks test.ResultsCompared to the 10‐second acquisition time, the 40‐ and 20‐second acquisition time techniques had significantly better image quality (P < 0.05) and image noise (P < 0.05). No difference in image quality and image noise existed between the 20‐ and 40‐second techniques. No difference in visualization of specific anatomic structures existed between any of the time techniques.ConclusionThe quality of flat panel CT imaging of the sinuses directly relates to scan time and thus radiation dose.
Surgeon radiation exposure in ESS with balloon catheters
Authors: Albritton Ford D. , Levine Howard L. , Smith Joseph L. , Rowe‐Jones Julian , Zahurullah Fazlur R. , Armstrong Michael , Duplan Don , Gershow James A. , Leopold Donald A. , Kuhn Frederick A. 
Published: May 2009

ObjectiveLess invasive instruments such as balloon catheters are available for sino‐ostial dilation during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Currently, balloon catheter position is confirmed under fluoroscopic visualization. Radiation exposure has been an area of concern. This study was initiated to determine surgeon radiation exposure when fluoroscopy is used during ESS with balloon catheters.Study DesignA multi‐center, prospective evaluation of surgeon radiation exposure was conducted.Subjects and MethodsFor three months, 14 sinus surgeons wore dosimeters to record radiation exposure while using C‐arm fluoroscopy during balloon catheter‐aided sinus surgery. One dosimeter was placed at collar level (chest), outside the lead apron and another dosimeter was placed on a finger (extremity). These dosimeters were sent for readings. Deep, eye, and shallow radiation dose for each surgeon was calculated.ResultsThirteen chest badges recorded annualized averages of 191.08, 193.54, and 187.69 mrems for deep, eye, and shallow exposure respectively. Eleven ring badges recorded 584.00 mrems.ConclusionsA recent publication reported low levels of surgeon radiation exposure during ESS with balloon catheters. This study validates radiation exposure among experienced surgeons is well below the annual occupational radiation exposure limit of 50,000 mrem. With vigilant technique and education, fluoroscopy reliance can be minimized.
Updated systematic review of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy for treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Friedman Michael , Wilson Meghan , Lin Hsin‐Ching , Chang Hsueh‐Wen 
Published: May 2009

ObjectivePerform an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the cure rate of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).MethodsA systematic review was performed to identify English‐language studies that evaluate the treatment of pediatric (age < 20 years) OSAHS patients with T&A using polysomnography as a metric of cure. Twenty‐three studies fit the inclusion criteria and a meta‐analysis was performed to determine the overall success. Meta‐analysis was also performed to determine the success in obese and comorbid populations vs cohorts of healthy children.ResultsThe meta‐analysis included 1079 subjects (mean sample size of 42 patients) with a mean age of 6.5 years. The effect measure was the percentage of pediatric patients with OSAHS who were successfully treated (k = 22 studies) with T&A based on preoperative and postoperative PSG data. Random‐effects model estimated the treatment success of T&A was 66.3 percent, when cure was defined per each individual study. When “cure” was defined as an apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) of <1 (k = 9 studies), random‐effects model estimate for OSAHS treatment success with T&A was 59.8 percent. Postoperative mean AHI was significantly decreased from preoperative levels.ConclusionsContrary to popular belief, meta‐analysis of current literature demonstrates that pediatric sleep apnea is often not cured by T&A. Although complete resolution is not achieved in most cases, T&A still offers significant improvements in AHI, making it a valuable first‐line treatment for pediatric OSAHS.
Changes in incidence and indications of tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy, 1970‐2005
Authors: Erickson Britt K. , Larson Dirk R. , St. Sauver Jennifer L. , Meverden Ryan A. , Orvidas Laura J. 
Published: May 2009

ObjectiveTo investigate 35‐year epidemiological trends in tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy.Study Design/SubjectsCross‐sectional survey. Subjects included all patients from birth to age 29 years who had tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy from 1970 to 2005.ResultsStudy included 8106 patients (median age 8.0 years; range, 6 months to 29 years; male 3646 patients [45%]). Overall tonsillectomy incidence increased from 126 (95% confidence interval [CI], 111‐140) per 100,000 person‐years in 1970 through 1974 to 153 (95% CI, 139‐166) in 2000 through 2005. A dominant factor, adenotonsillectomy incidence rose sharply from 243 (95% CI, 223‐261) per 100,000 person‐years in 1970 through 1974 to 485 (95% CI, 462‐509) in 2000 through 2005. The indication of upper airway obstruction increased from 12 percent of patients in 1970 to 77 percent in 2005.ConclusionsEpidemiological trends in tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy have shifted substantially. Overall numbers have increased, and surgical indications have shifted from infection to upper airway obstruction.
Transnasal esophagoscopy findings: Interspecialty comparison
Authors: Falcone Michael T. , Garrett C. Gaelyn , Slaughter James C. , Vaezi Michael 
Published: May 2009

IntroductionOtolaryngologists implement transnasal esophagoscopy (TNE) to assess esophageal pathology. Previous studies using TNE are largely retrospective and deal with select patient populations. The prevalence of esophageal pathology in patients presenting with throat symptoms to an otolaryngology voice center is presently unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of esophageal pathology in this population and determine the interobserver variability of the findings reviewed by an otolaryngologist and a gastroenterologist.Study DesignA prospective study.SettingThis study was conducted in a laryngology/voice subspecialty clinic.Subjects and MethodsFifty patients with throat symptoms presenting to the voice center were asked prospectively to undergo TNE. The findings were videotaped and reviewed by an otolaryngologist and a gastroenterologist blinded to the patients' presenting complaint.ResultsHoarseness was the most common presenting symptom (68%). According to the gastroenterologist, the prevalence of esophageal findings was: z‐line irregularity suspicious for Barrett esophagus (12%), esophagitis (10%), hiatal hernia (32%), and esophageal stricture (10%). The percent agreement for a normal study was 72 percent. The percent agreement for various pathological findings were as follows: Barrett esophagus 86 percent, esophagitis 88 percent, hiatal hernia 76 percent, and esophageal stricture 96 percent. For an abnormal study, the percent agreement was 80 percent.ConclusionEsophageal abnormalities are common in patients presenting to a voice subspecialty clinic.
Mediastinitis in infants from deep neck space infections
Authors: Shah Rahul K. , Chun Robert , Choi Sukgi S. 
Published: May 2009

ObjectiveTo describe mediastinitis in infants.Study DesignCase series.SettingTertiary‐care, academic, pediatric hospital.SubjectsFour infants managed during eight months.ResultsPatients were eight months (two patients), nine months, and 18 months old. They had retropharyngeal phlegmons and were started on clindamycin/cephalosporin. Interval imaging scans revealed abscess formation with mediastinal extension. All retropharyngeal abscesses were drained; three patients required video‐assisted thoracoscopic debridement. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (two patients) and methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (two patients) were cultured. Peak white blood cell counts were 15,000, 18,400, 30,200, and 44,900. The patients survived without long‐term morbidity.ConclusionsIn infants with pediatric deep neck space infections, increased vigilance should be maintained for progression to mediastinal extension. Optimal management includes imaging of the neck and chest as indicated, broad‐spectrum antibiotic coverage, and aggressive surgery as warranted to clear the neck space infections with appropriate surgical consultants to manage the mediastinal process. Despite high morbidity and mortality in adult mediastinitis, infant mediastinitis may be a different disease process as all patients survived without sequelae.
Endoscopic transantral repair of orbital floor fractures
Authors: Ducic Yadranko , Verret Daniel J. 
Published: May 2009

ObjectiveTo review our technique of endoscopic transantral repair of orbital floor fractures.Study DesignCase series with chart review.MethodsAll orbital floor fractures treated with the outlined technique from 1998 to 2007 were reviewed in a retrospective fashion. Demographic data, surgical outcomes, and complications were gathered from available patient charts.ResultsA total of 63 patients were treated with the described technique (44 male, 19 female). Thirty‐nine patients underwent autograft placement from the anterior maxillary sinus wall harvest/exposure. Fourteen patients underwent placement of various alloplasts, and the remaining 10 patients underwent reduction of the contents and floor repositioning. Two patients underwent repeat repair due to inadequacy of initial repair. Both of these complications occurred in the subgroup of patients who underwent simple repositioning. There were no cases of blindness, permanent new diplopia, ectropion, entropion, or new infraorbital anesthesia.ConclusionsThe described technique of endoscopic repair of orbital floor fractures represents a precise method of fracture repair that results in excellent outcomes with minimal morbidity in the majority of patients. It allows for immediate fracture repair without the need to wait for periorbital edema to settle. It also allows for clear visualization of the entire fracture for precise graft placement.
Distal facial nerve exposure: A key to partial parotidectomy
Authors: Wang Robert C. , Barber Annabel E. , Ditmyer Marcia , Vantine Paul 
Published: May 2009

Objectives1) Compare outcomes of distal facial nerve identification with antegrade exposure in partial parotidectomy; 2) Be able to incorporate other modifications of parotidectomy including preservation of the great auricular nerve, superficial musculo‐aponeurotic system (SMAS), and parotid duct.Study DesignCase series with chart review of partial parotidectomy for benign neoplasms and intraparotid lymph nodes, using antegrade (Group 1) or distal (Group 2) facial nerve exposure, and those conserving the great auricular nerve, SMAS, and parotid duct (Group 3).Subjects and MethodsOutcomes for the three groups were reviewed. The great auricular nerve, parotid duct, and SMAS were preserved when possible. Outcomes examined included postoperative facial nerve function, earlobe sensation, allograft use for SMAS defects, surgical duration, sialocele, or salivary fistula.ResultsNo difference in facial nerve function was found between the groups. Group 3 had better ear lobule cutaneous sensation. No sialoceles occurred in the 10 of 14 Group 3 cases in which parotid ducts were preserved.ConclusionsPartial parotidectomy utilizing distal facial nerve exposure can reduce the extent of surgical dissection, facilitate preservation of the parotid duct and great auricular nerve, and allow greater flexibility in the choice of skin and SMAS incisions.
Image analysis for measuring lichen colonization on and within stonework
Authors: GAZZANO Claudia , FAVERO-LONGO Sergio E. , MATTEUCCI Enrica , PIERVITTORI Rosanna 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe suitability of image analysis by colour-based pixel classification to quantify lichen colonization on the surface of and within marble, travertine and mortar stonework has been investigated. High resolution images of lichenized stonework surfaces were acquired at different field sites using a scanner, thus avoiding invasive surveys, and the percentage cover of lichen species was subsequently measured in the laboratory using dedicated software. Furthermore, microphotographs of polished cross-sections of lichenized marble, travertine and mortar, stained using the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) method to visualize hyphae, were produced by the same software to quantify hyphal spread within the substratum, a parameter which can be used more successfully than the commonly used depth of hyphal penetration to quantify how much the lichen has affected the conservation of a stone substratum. Significant statistical differences in hue, saturation and intensity (HSI) of the lichen thalli and PAS-stained hyphae, with respect to the lithic substrata, allowed the software to discriminate and quantify the lichen species cover on, and hyphal spread within, the three investigated lithotypes. Since such a quantitative approach highlights the volume of influence of lichens on stonework, where bioweathering processes are likely to develop, it could be used to support decisions on the preservation of our stone cultural heritage.
Meridianelia, a new genus in the Elixiaceae (Ascomycota) from Tasmania
Authors: KANTVILAS Gintaras , LUMBSCH H. Thorsten 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMeridianelia maccarthyana Kantvilas & Lumbsch, gen. et sp. nov., is described, based on collections from Tasmania. This taxon represents only the second member of the family Elixiaceae. It is compared to Elixia flexella (Ach.) Lumbsch and to the superficially similar genus Trapelia. The family Elixiaceae is redefined briefly to account for the inclusion of a second genus.
On commuting approximation properties of Banach spaces
Authors: Oja Eve , Zolk Indrek 
Published: May 2009

Let a, c ≥ 0 and let B be a compact set of scalars. We show that if X is a Banach space such that the canonical projection π from X*** onto X* satisfies the inequalityand 1 ≤ λ < max |B| + c, then every λ-commuting bounded compact approximation of the identity of X is shrinking. This generalizes a theorem by Godefroy and Saphar from 1988. As an application, we show that under the conditions described above both X and X* have the metric compact approximation property (MCAP). Relying on the Willis construction, we show that the commuting MCAP does not imply the approximation property.
Responses of Nitric Oxide–cGMP Release in Acupuncture Point to Electroacupuncture in Human Skin In Vivo Using Dermal Microdialysis
Authors: JOU NAINN‐TSYR , MA SHENG‐XING 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to examine the release of nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP in response to electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation in the acupuncture point (acupoint), compared to the non‐meridian control area. Methods: Thirty samples of dermal microdialysis data were collected from 24 volunteers at pericardium (PC) 4 and control area. EA was applied to PC 3 by using a 5‐V pulse with a duration of 1.0 milliseconds at 10 Hz for 15 minutes. Dialysate samples were continuously collected 20 minutes each before, during, and after EA for two hours. Total nitrite and nitrate (NOx‐) and cGMP in the dialysate were quantified in a blinded fashion. Results: Dialysate NOx‐ concentrations were decreased during a 120‐minute dialysis in all groups, but reduced NOx‐ levels were attenuated predominantly in PC 4 acupoint at 20–40 minutes after EA PC 3. cGMP concentrations were significantly enhanced in acupoint PC 4 by EA PC 3, but not in the non‐meridian area. Conclusion: We suggest that the attenuation of NOx‐ reduction during dialysis reflects an increase in NO release induced by EA stimulation in acupoint and that cGMP mediates the signaling functions of NO to improve local microcirculation, which, at least in part, contributes to the effects of acupuncture.
A Separate Role for ICAM‐1 and Fluid Shear in Regulating Leukocyte Interactions with Straight Regions of Venular Wall and Venular Convergences
Authors: SUMAGIN RONEN , LAMKIN‐KENNARD KATHLEEN A. , SARELIUS INGRID H. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTObjective: Variation in expression of adhesion molecules plays a key role in regulating leukocyte behavior, but the contribution of fluid shear to these interactions cannot be ignored. Here, we dissected the effects of each of these factors on leukocyte behavior in different venular regions.Materials and Methods: Leukocyte behavior was quantified in blood‐perfused microvascular networks in anesthetized mouse cremaster muscle, using intravital confocal microscopy. ICAM‐1 expression and fluid shear rate were quantified by using ICAM‐1 fluorescent labeling, fluorescent particle tracking, and computational fluid dynamics.Results: Tumor necrosis factor alpha induced an increase in ICAM‐1 expression and abolished the differences observed among control venules of different sizes. Consequently, leukocyte adhesion was increased to a similar level across all vessel sizes [5.1±0.46 leukocytes/100 μm vs. 2.1±0.47 (control)], but remained significantly higher in venular convergences (7.8±0.4). Leukocyte transmigration occurred primarily in the smallest venules and venular convergences (23.9±5.1 and 31.9±2.7 leukocytes/10,000 μm2 tissue, respectively). In venular convergences, the two inlet vessels are predicted to create a region of low velocity, increasing leukocyte adhesion probability.Conclusions: In straight regions of different‐sized venules, the variability in ICAM‐1 expression accounts for the differences in leukocyte behavior; in converging regions, fluid shear potentially has a greater effect on leukocyte endothelial cell interactions.