bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Proposal for Researching Possible Relationships Between Scientific Theories and the Personal Theories of Counselors and Clients
Authors: MARTIN JACK 
Published: December 2011

Current views from the philosophy of science encourage speculation about the relationship between the personal commitments of scientists and scientific theories. Increasing numbers of psychologists also have speculated about relationships between the development of personal and scientific theories. The author describes several assumptions that link scientific and personal theorizing. A research program is outlined that might refine and test such assumptions in the context of counseling. The overall goal of the article is to argue that research into the scientific and personal theories of researchers of counseling and the personal theories of counselors and clients may answer long‐standing questions about the relationship between scientific and practical knowledge in counseling.Scientists are people.(Source unknown)
Creating a Career Hotline for Rural Residents
Authors: HEPPNER MARY J. , JOHNSTON JOSEPH A. , BRINKHOFF JULIE 
Published: December 2011

The authors describe a career information hotline for rural and farm residents affected by the farm crisis as one way a university career center and extension division can make their resources more generally available to residents.The rural crisis is real, but a crisis brings opportunities. There are opportunities to provide needed services and help ease the personal cost for families and reduce the declining quality of life in rural communities. (Heffernan & Heffernan, 1985, p. 17)
New Directions in Career Guidance: A Special Report for the Profession
Authors: RYAN CHARLES W. , LEVINSON EDWARD M. 
Published: December 2011

Bonaparte, G., Chapman, J., & Steinberg, J. (1987). Michigan: Two career guidance models. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 142–143.Greenwood, K. (1987). Counseling adults in career transition. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 44–46.Herr, E.L. (1987). Comprehensive career guidance and vocational education: Natural allies. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 30–33.Lambert, R. (1987). A guide to career information. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 34–36.Lester, J.N., & McCormac, M.E. (1987). The NOICC career guidance standards project. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 47–48.Otto, L.B. (1987). Parents: Key advisors. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 37–38.
In Memory: Rene A. Ruiz
Authors: ROMERO DAN , SILVA SUSAN MILLER , ROMERO PATRICIA STEVENS 
Published: December 2011

The life and professional contributions of Rene A. Ruiz are remembered by family, friends, and colleagues. Ruiz's trailblazing work on Hispanic issues in counseling and psychology places him among the ranks of the true pioneers in the field. His career as a counselor, teacher, writer, and researcher spanned three decades prior to his untimely death in 1982.On December 13, 1982, a heart attack claimed the life of Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences Book Review Editor Rene A. Ruiz at the young age of 53. His death was unexpected as he was in good health. With his death, his friends have lost a witty and charming man of high ideals and moral integrity. (Padilla, 1983, p. 137)
A Teambuilding Model: Appreciating Differences Using the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator with Developmental Theory
Authors: RIDEOUT CHRISTINA A. , RICHARDSON SUSAN A. 
Published: December 2011

Effective teambuilding is a critical aspect of management. The concept of appreciation of differences through understanding personality types and female/male developmental theory adds previously unexplored dimensions to teambuilding. The authors present a teambuilding model using the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator and female/male developmental theory.“And in understanding me you might come to prize my differences from you, and, far from seeking to change me, preserve and even nurture those differences.” (Keirsey & Bates, 1984, p. 1)
Forty Years of Using Labels to Communicate About Nontraditional Students: Does It Help or Hurt?
Authors: WESTBROOK FRANKLIN D. , SEDLACEK WILLIAM E. 
Published: December 2011

This article deals with two topics: how the education literature describes minority students and how to communicate with minority students effectively. An analysis of articles in the Education Index since 1950 showed that, despite increased concern for minorities in the literature, the labels used to describe them may have done much to exacerbate problems. When talking to minority students, the writers recommend using Bowen's differentiation concept to discuss racism and negotiating systems. Recognizing and responding sensitively to interethnic differences can improve the quality of communications.Este manuscrito trata dos temas: Como la literatura educativa describe a los estudiantes de minorías étnicas, y cómo comunicarse efectivamente con ellos. Un análisis de articulos en el Education Index desde 1.950 muestra que a pesar de un aumento de preocupación en la literatura por los grupos de minorías étnicas, es posible que los motes dirigidos a “cultura” han hecho mucho para exacerbar problemas sociales y educativos. También al hablar con estudiantes pertenecientes a minorías étnicas, la falta de émfasis en la historia de sus culturas podría causar problemas al intentar construir una relación. Se recomendó el uso de motes menos reactivos para cuando se habla de ellos y una fórmula para conjeturar sobre sus historias cuando se habla con ellos.
The Utility of Race Labeling in Understanding Cultural Identity: A Conceptual Tool for the Social Science Practitioner
Authors: DOBBINS JAMES E. , SKILLINGS JUDITH H. 
Published: December 2011

The social sciences still have marginal to poor outcomes with regard to research and service delivery for underserved populations. Yet, the past 20 years of development in training and service delivery have exerted pressure on us to become more competent in regard to multicultural effectiveness. Early approaches emphasized competence as a set of matched traits. Newer approaches emphasize that the professional must acquire key process competencies. This discussion examines competence in terms of the practitioner's worldview. It examines the history of how our frames of reference are influenced by secular intelligence and how the imprecision of the terms we commonly use especially limit our conceptual competence. Finally, a more precise multicultural lexicon is presented as a means of fostering critical thinking about competence in multicultural research and practice.Las ciencias socials todavía suelen producir resultados pobres con respecto a la investigación y la asistencia a poblaciones desfavorecidas. No obstante, los últimos veinte años de desarollo de investigación y asistencia apresuran las ciencias sociales para que se hagan más competentes con respecto a la eficacia profesional. Los primeros enfoques pusieron más énfasis en la competencia como un conjunto de cualidades. Los modernos enfoques ponen el énfasis en que el profesional tiene que adquirir habilidades clave del proceso. Este discurso examina la competencia con respecto a la visión universal del profesional. Examina la historia de cómo son influenciados nuestros marcos de referencia por información anticuada y cómo la imprecisión de los términos que usamos diariamente limitan nuestra competencia conceptual. Por último, se presenta un léxico multicultural más preciso como una manera de mejorar el pensamiento crítico sobre competencia en el terreno de la investigación y la práctica multicultural.
A Model for Cultural Diversity Training
Authors: SUE DERALD WING 
Published: December 2011

We are fast becoming a multicultural, multiracial, and multilingual society. Such demographic changes are having a major impact on economic, social, legal, political, educational, and cultural systems. For businesses and industries to survive, they will need to meet the inevitable challenge of cultural diversity. A model for incorporating cultural diversity in organizations is presented. The model is based on a 3 × 3 × 3 matrix, which analyzes an organization's functional focus (recruitment, retention, and promotion), barriers (differences, discrimination, and systemic factors), and cross‐cultural competencies (beliefs/attitudes, knowledge, and skills). Although it was originally developed for business and industry, the model seems to have usefulness in application to education and mental health organizations as well.Estamos llegando a ser rápidamente una sociedad multicultural, multiracial, y multilingue. Estos cambios demográficos han tenido un gran impacto en los sistemas económico, social, legal, politico, educativo, y cultural. Para que los negocios e industrias sobrevivan, necesitarán enfrentarse al desafío inevitable de la diversidad cultural. Se presenta un modelo para incorporar la diversidad cultural en organizaciones. El modelo se basa en una metriz 3 × 3 × 3 que analiza el foco funcional de una organizacion (reclutamiento, retención, y promoción), bloques (diferencias, discriminación, y factores sistémicos), y competencias interculturales (creencias/actitudes, conocimientos, y habilidades). A la vez que se desarrolló el modelo originalmente para negocios e industria, se vio que el modelo también tiene utilidad para aplicarse en organizaciones educativas y de salud mental.
Multiculturalism and the School Counseling Curriculum
Authors: LEWIS ARLEEN C. , HAYES SUSANNA 
Published: December 2011

This article provides a rationale for and description of the organizational efforts involved in infusing multiculturalism into the curriculum of a school counseling program. It includes a characterization of the overall program, faculty resources, curriculum organization, and student characteristics. It also includes a detailed case study of an actual counseling interaction between a school counselor and culturally different client and a description of how such activities can be used to increase cultural awareness in prepracticum students.Este articulo proporciona una exposición razonada y una descripción de los esfuerzos organizacionales que están implicados en la integración de multiculturalismo al programa de consejería educativa. Incluye una caracterización del programa en general, los recursos de la facultad, la organización del programa y las características de los estudiantes. También incluye un estudio detallado de un caso actual de la interación entre un consejero educativo y un cliente culturalmente diferente, y una descripción de cómo se pueden utilizar estas actividades para aumentar el conocimiento cultural de los estudiantes que se preparan para ejercer esta actividad.
Toward a Multicultural Model of the Stress Process
Authors: SLAVIN LESLEY A. , RAINER KARIE L. , McCREARY MICAH L. , GOWDA KALPANA K. 
Published: December 2011

Stress and coping models are potentially useful frameworks for multicultural counseling and research because of their focus on the effects of social environmental factors on human functioning. This article attempts to expand a “standard” model of the stress process (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) to include a number of culture‐relevant dimensions. Cultural factors are discussed that influence each component of the stress model including (a) the types and frequency of events experienced, (b) appraisals of the stressfulness of events, (c) appraisals of available coping resources, (d) selection of coping strategies, and (e) manifestations of adaptational difficulties. Implications of the expanded model for both research and counseling practice are discussed.Los modelos de estrés y la adaptación al estrés tienen la potencia para ser cuadros útiles en la consejería e investigación multicultural por su enfoque sobre los efectos de factores ambientales sociales en la función humana. Este artículo intenta extender un modelo “normal” del proceso de estrés (Lazarus y Folkman, 1984) para incluir un número de dimensiones culturalmente pertinentes. Se discuten los factores culturales que influyen en cada componente del modelo de estrés, incluyendo: los tipos y la frequencia de los eventos experimentados, la apreciación del nivel de estrés de acontacimientos, la apreciación de los recursos de adaptación disponibles, la selección de estrategias de adaptación, y las manifestaciones de dificultades de adaptación. Se discuten las implicaiones del modelo extendido para la investigación y la práctica de consejeria.
Racism as a Disease: Etiology and Treatment Implications
Authors: SKILLINGS JUDITH H. , DOBBINS JAMES E. 
Published: December 2011

The authors discuss racism from a disease perspective. An underlying schema of irrelevance is posited as a cognitive structure that is acquired in childhood to cope with the inconsistent data of racial oppression in an ideologically egalitarian society. As this schema comes into conflict with the increasing diversity of American life, the individual frequently manifests disease symptoms that are treatable with a variety of techniques. The utility of group treatment designed for Caucasians in the early stages of treatment is specifically addressed.Los autores discuten el racismo desde la perspectiva de la enfermedad. Proponen una esquema fundamental de irrelevancia como una estructura cognitiva que se adquire en la niñez para enfrentarse con los datos inconsistentes de opresión racial en una sociedad ideologicamente igualitaria. Según este esquema se va poniendo en conflicto con la diversidad creciente de la vida americana, el individuo frecuentamente manifiesta síntomas de enfermedad que se pueden tratar con diversas técnicas. Se discute la utilidad del tratamiento de grupos diseñado para caucásicos en las primeras etapas del tratamiento.
Multiculturalism and Rehabilitation Counselor Training: Recommendations for Providing Culturally Appropriate Counseling Services to American Indians With Disabilities
Authors: MARSHALL CATHERINE A. , MARTIN WILLIAM E. , THOMASON TIMOTHY C. , JOHNSON MARILYN J. 
Published: December 2011

American Indians exhibit health‐related problems at younger ages, as compared with the general population. They also have a disproportionate number of deaths related to alcoholism, accidents, homicides, pneumonia, influenza, diabetes mellitus, and tuberculosis as compared with the general population. In terms of mental health, depression and adjustment reactions are common problems, with the suicide rate among American Indian adults being more than twice as high as that for the general population. This article delineates specific steps necessary to successfully recruit and retain American Indians in counselor training programs, proposes a curriculum for training counselors to effectively provide services to American Indians with disabilities, and discusses the responsibility of counselor educators to concern themselves with the “job placement” of their graduates.En comparación con la población engeneral, los indios americanos tienen problemas de salud a edades más jovenes y tienen un número de mortandad deproporcionada debida al alcoholismo, acidentes, homicidios, neumonía, gripe, diabetes mellitus, y tuberculosis. En terminos de salud mental, reaciones a depresión y adaptación son problemas comunes, con la media de suicidios superior al doble de la cifra para la población general. Este artículo delinea medidas específicas que son necesarias para atraer y retener indios americanos en programas de entrenamiento de consejería, propone un programa para entrenar consejeros para el suministro eficaz de servicios a indios americanos incapacitados, y discute la responsabilidad de los educadores de consejeros para implicarlos en la búsqueda de un empleo para sus graduados.
Traditional Healing in Africa: Implications for Cross‐Cultural Counseling
Authors: VONTRESS CLEMMONT E. 
Published: December 2011

Even though the change in Africa from traditional societies to modern ones is evident in many institutions throughout the continent, the transition is uneven. One institution that seems to have changed little over the years is the healing establishment. In general, traditional healers still treat their patients as their forebears did in the distant past. This article indicates who the indigenous doctors are, the role the family plays in health maintenance, the nature of the healing relationship, what diagnostic techniques are used, the specific healing methods used, how music is used as a therapeutic accompaniment, how healers are selected and prepared, and the implications of traditional healing for cross‐cultural counseling.Aunque el cambio en Africa desde sociedades tradicionales a sociedades modernas es evidente en muchas instituciones por todo el continente, la transición es desigual. Una de las instituciones que parece haber cambiado poco a través de los años es la del curandero. En general, los curanderos tradicionales todavía tratan a sus clientes de la misma manera que sus antepasados. Este artículo indica quienes son los doctores indígenas, el papel de la familia en el mantamiento de la salud, el cáracter de la relación de curación, las ténicas de diagnóstico que se usan, los métodos específicos de curación, cómo se usa la música como acompañamiento terapeútico, cómo se escogen y preparan los curanderos, y las implicaciones de la curación traditional en la consejería intercultural.
Book Reviews of Group Psychotherapy for Women With Breast Cancer and The Breast Cancer Notebook: The Healing Power of Reflection
Authors: Thorell Kathleen M. 
Published: December 2011

Book reviewed in this article:Group Psychotherapy for Women With Breast Cancer by James L. Spira & Geoffrey M. Reed (2003).The companion book is The Breast Cancer Notebook: The Healing Power of Reflection by Ava Louise Stanton & Geoffrey M. Reed (2003).
Modeling, Praise, and Criticism in Teaching Empathic Responding
Authors: GULANICK NANCY , SCHMECK RONALD R. 
Published: December 2011

This study employs a factorial design to investigate the efficacy of all possible combinations of modeling, praise, and criticism as a means of teaching empathic responding to counselor trainees. Measures of empathy were taken on 64 female introductory psychology students at the beginning of an experimental session and following each of two training segments. Results indicate a significant effect for modeling and stage of training. There was a significant interaction between modeling and stage of training such that subjects in the modeling conditions were rated higher in empathy than those in the no‐modeling condition at the mid‐ and postmeasure but not at the premeasure. Results are in agreement with one previously published study but are inconsistent with two others.Discussion focuses on the critical elements of effective feedback techniques.
Written Indicators of Empathy in Human‐Relations Training: A Validational Study
Authors: THERRIEN MARK , FISCHER JOEL 
Published: December 2011

This study was conducted to determine if empathic level of functioning as assessed by written measures is predictive of oral functioning. Forty participants, run in four groups with counterbalanced order, responded in writing and orally to stimulus statements.Correlations between oral and written scores were very high and statistically significant for the total sample and the high‐ and low‐functioning subgroups. Only very small differences were found between written and oral group means. Thus, we concluded that written measures can yield a reliable estimate of empathic level of oral functioning, making it possible to obtain a quick, economical, and reliable estimate of level of functioning without the time‐consuming and cumbersome process of taping. This finding has particular relevance for training‐program evaluations and comparisons in which large numbers of people need to be tested.
Ethical Concerns for Counselor Educators
Authors: ROBERTS GAYLE T. , MURRELL PATRICIA H. , THOMAS RUSSELL E. , CLAXTON CHARLES S. 
Published: December 2011

This article identifies four areas of ethical concern in counselor education. Counselor educators in the Southern Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (SACES) region were surveyed regarding their attitudes and practices concerning these four areas. Survey results with conclusions and recommendations are given.Vignette 1: J. Jones, a single counselor education professor, is told by K. Adams, a single female graduate student in one of his classes, that she finds him very attractive. She then invites him to her home for dinner.Vignette 2: J. Smith, a student and advisee of counselor educator M. Thompson, is taking a group dynamics course from her this semester. He believes that participation in the course has triggered his desire to work on some issues in his personal life. He approaches Dr. Thompson to be his counselor.Vignette 3: Counselor educator F. Rogers suggests an idea for a research study to graduate student P. Collins. Ms. Collins carries out the study and submits a paper describing it in order to meet a requirement in Dr. Rogers's class. Dr. Rogers later decides that with some revision this paper could be publishable. He spends many hours revising the paper so that it is suitable for publication. When he submits it, he lists himself as first author.Vignette 4: Counselor educator A. Johnson is serving on C. Young's dissertation committee. Ms. Young, who is a training director at a major business in the community, offers Dr. Johnson a lucrative consulting contract with her company.
Computers In Counselor Education: An Ethical Perspective
Authors: ENGELS DENNIS W. , CAULUM DAVID , SAMPSON DONALD E. 
Published: December 2011

This article contains considerations of ethical questions related to use of computers, computer based information systems, computer assisted instruction, and related concerns for counselor education and practice. Ethical questions and issues are discussed in the areas of human dignity, confidentiality, professional development, curriculum, measurement and evaluation, career guidance, research and publication, counselor accountability, and administration and fee setting. The article proceeds from attention to general questions, through general and pointed discussion of topics, to a brief summary. Although most of the narrative focuses on counselor preparation, where appropriate, effort is made throughout to attend to related issues and concerns in professional practice. Reference is made throughout the manuscript to various sections of the 1981 Ethical Standards of the American Association for Counseling and Development.Massive advances in computer technology in general, and in computer‐based information and instruction programs for counselor preparation, in particular, have prompted the need for examining computer use in counselor preparation from an ethical perspective. Do existing ethical standards encompass sufficient principles or guidelines for appropriately incorporating and exploiting the advantages computers and computer software bring to counselor education? What are some new or refined areas of ethical concern related to computers and computerization? These are two major questions that warrant active and immediate attention.
Development of a Culturally Responsive Group Counseling Model for Mexican American Adolescents
Authors: Baca Louise M. , Koss‐Chioino Joan D. 
Published: December 2011

This article discusses a group counseling model specifically targeted for Mexican American adolescents with behavior problems including substance abuse. An integrated model is proposed, with the model assumptions clearly articulated and specific therapeutic goals addressed in a culturally responsive manner. Foci of the model are ethnic identity, affective expression, and life choices. Preliminary findings indicate that the youths are retained in the groups at a higher rate than predicted.To live in the Borderlands means you are neither hispana India negra espanola ni gabacha, eres mestiza, mulata, half‐breed caught in the crossfire between camps while carrying all five races on your back not knowing which side to turn to, run from; To survive the Borderlands you must live sin fronteras be a crossroads.—Gloria Anzaldua (1987)