bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayfill Successions in the Lower Jurassic Åre Formation, Offshore Norway: Sedimentology and Heterogeneity Based on Subsurface Data from the Heidrun Field and Analog Data from the Upper Cretaceous Neslen Formation, Eastern Book Cliffs, Utah
Authors: Kjærefjord J. M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Interdistributary bays form a major sedimentary subenvironment within many delta systems. These interdistributary bays occur as open bodies of water that are typically open to the sea. They may cover large areas of the lower delta plain and are normally surrounded by marsh and distributary-channel features. The interdistributary bay deposits in the Åre Formation of Heidrun field, offshore Norway, and in the Neslen Formation, Utah, occur as shallow, 2- to 7-km-wide features that were deposited in brackish to marine waters. Within these bays, low-energy wave action reworked a large proportion of the sedimentary features, such as crevasse splays, bayhead deltas, and distributary-mouth bars. The resulting wave-influenced bayfill lithofacies association (WLA) shows a relatively similar vertical development of lithofacies in both the Åre and the Neslen Formations. Normally the WLA is 2 to 8 m thick and contains a basal mudstone overlain by a wave-influenced lenticular and/or wavy-bed-ded heterolithic unit. The upper few meters consists of wave-rippled and small-scale hummocky cross-laminated sandstone with good reservoir qualities. Roots or coal or both are present at the top. Within the sandstone, mud drapes or heterolithic layers are common. In the Neslen Formation these drapes seem to be concentrated along gently dipping clinoform surfaces. Laterally, along the depositional strike and landward, the reservoir quality changes abruptly as the WLA passes into the bayhead delta, marsh, sub-bay/lake, and distributary-channel-fill lithofacies associations. Although individual bayfill successions are relatively thin, continuing subsidence and repetition of similar processes resulted in a stacking of one bayfill succession on top of another, building an 80-m-thick package of lower delta plain deposits.
Knowledge Capture and Reuse in Geological Modeling
Authors: Bryant D. , Kaufman P. S. , McCormick D. S. , Tilke P. G. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Geologists have always used analogy to assist their interpretations, and until recently, this has meant that a considerable period was required for geologists to develop interpretation expertise in a new geographic region or a new field of geology. The advent of modern graphical workstations offers the opportunity for geologists to gain access to knowledge outside of their previous personal experience by accessing online geological knowledge. This knowledge, gained from previous expert interpretation of analogous outcrops or fields, is then explicitly used to rigorously constrain the interpretation of 3D geometries of depositional units or structural elements.
We illustrate our approach to knowledge capture and reuse by showing how interpretations may be stored in association with the parameters required to build 3D interpretations from well and seismic data. We show how digital images from analogous outcropping formations, cores, borehole imaging tools, and seismic horizon displays may be stored in an archive database and subsequently retrieved using an intuitive query tool. Once these interpretations have been retrieved, they may be readily compared with new data by using a common viewing environment to visualize all data types. Visual comparison of the new data with the previously interpreted data is augmented by consistency checks using associated data stored in the database. In this way, interpretation expertise may be captured and reused by less experienced interpreters to construct 3D digital hypotheses of subsurface reservoir geometries.
From Geomodels to Engineering Models—Opportunities for Spreadsheet Computing
Authors: Bhattacharya Saibal , Watney W. Lynn , Doveton John H. , Guy Willard J. , Bohling Geoff 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Data used to build reservoir models come from different scales, such as core, log, well tests, pressure and production profiles, and seismic; thus they carry the inherent need for calibration to a common scale. Unfortunately, as no accepted procedure is available to solve this calibration problem, doubts remain about the representativeness of the data that are often used to describe a reservoir model. In the absence of a standardized upscaling method, a series of procedural steps, described in this paper, can be employed on data gathered from different sources to test and build a coherent reservoir model. Each step in this procedure is a part of an iteration loop that checks for consistency and coherency among the available data. In case of a mismatch, the process encourages the user to go back to the previous step or steps and revise one or more of the relevant assumptions. The method outlined in this paper, the Super Pickett crossplot, integrates data from different sources such as cores, well logs, and well performance to build a volumetric geomodel that is then used to validate the mass balance calculation. The strength of this method lies in the fact that the major elements (the Super Pickett plot, the volumetric and material balance calculations) of the process can be performed in a spreadsheet environment, making it both cost effective, versatile, and portable. This exercise enables the building of an internally consistent geo-engineering model representing the reservoir. Such a model can be used effectively as the basis for reservoir simulation studies.
The Analytics Society of Ireland
Authors: Brugha Cathal M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In this article, we chronicle the history of the Analytics Society of Ireland (An Cumann Eireannach d'Anailísí), which was founded in 1964 as the Operations Research Society of Ireland (ORSI). We discuss the changes the society has undergone, the meetings and activities in which the society has engaged, and the publications the society has produced. We also provide information about some of the key individuals who have been instrumental in the establishment and development of the society.
Estonian Operational Research Society
Authors: Vaarmann Otu 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

The Estonian operational research society (EstORS) is a sovereign voluntary nonprofit organization located in Estonia, Tallinn (
http://www.ioc.ee/matem/estors/
). EstORS will be ruled and regulated by its statutes in accordance with the Constitution of the Estonian Republic as well as pertinent Estonian Laws and Regulations. The society unites experts in the field of operational research/industrial mathematics and its applications, actively working for the development of Estonian Republic as an information society. According to its statutory mission, EstORS aims at contributing to the progress of scientific and technical knowledge, integrating competence of engineering science and management science/operations research, creating and transferring scientific knowledge in informatics and decisions systems. The paper concerns the birth of EstORS and its goals and activities. The main purpose of the EstORS is to promote the establishment of international contacts and stimulate further advancement of academic links and free exchange of experience between its members and members of other similar scientific societies belonging to this country, this region and the world.
Exercise training in juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: Omori Clarissa Harumi , Silva Clovis Artur Almeida , Sallum Adriana Maluf Elias , Rodrigues Pereira Rosa Maria , Lúciade Sá Pinto Ana , Roschel Hamilton , Gualano Bruno 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of a supervised exercise training program on health parameters, physical capacity, and health‐related quality of life in patients with mild and chronic juvenile dermatomyositis (DM).MethodsThis was a prospective longitudinal study following 10 children with mild and chronic juvenile DM (disease duration >1 year). The exercise program consisted of twice‐a‐week aerobic and resistance training. At baseline and after the 12‐week intervention, we assessed muscle strength and function, aerobic conditioning, body composition, juvenile DM scores, and health‐related quality of life.ResultsChild self‐report and parent proxy‐report Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory scores were improved after the intervention (−40.3%; P = 0.001 and −48.2%; P = 0.049, respectively). Importantly, after exercise, the Disease Activity Score was reduced (−26.9%; P = 0.026) and the Childhood Muscle Assessment Scale was improved (+2.5%; P = 0.009), whereas the Manual Muscle Test presented a trend toward statistical significance (+2.2%; P = 0.081). The peak oxygen consumption and time‐to‐exhaustion were increased by 13.3% (P = 0.001) and 18.2% (P = 0.003), respectively, whereas resting heart rate was decreased by 14.7% (P = 0.006), indicating important cardiovascular adaptations to the exercise program. Upper and lower extremity muscle strength and muscle function were also significantly improved after the exercise training (P < 0.05). Both the whole‐body and the lumbar spine bone mineral apparent density were significantly increased after training (1.44%; P = 0.044 and 2.85%; P = 0.008, respectively).ConclusionWe showed for the first time that a 12‐week supervised exercise program is safe and can improve muscle strength and function, aerobic conditioning, bone mass, disease activity, and health‐related quality of life in patients with active and nonactive mild and chronic juvenile DM with near normal physical function and quality of life.
Do patients with non‐radiographic axial spondylarthritis differ from patients with ankylosing spondylitis?
Authors: Kiltz Uta , Baraliakos Xenofon , Karakostas Pantelis , Igelmann Manfred , Kalthoff Ludwig , Klink Claudia , Krause Dietmar , Schmitz‐Bortz Elmar , Flörecke Martina , Bollow Matthias , Braun Jürgen 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectivePatients with axial spondylarthritis (SpA) who have structural changes in the sacroiliac joints and/or the spine have been classified as having ankylosing spondylitis (AS), while those without such changes are now classified as having nonradiographic axial SpA (nr‐axSpA). The differentiating features are incompletely understood.MethodsData from 100 consecutive patients with axial SpA not treated with tumor necrosis factor antagonists were compared clinically and with laboratory parameters, spinal radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine. Standardized clinical assessment tools were used to assess health status.ResultsAS was diagnosed in 56 patients and nr‐axSpA in 44 patients. Signs of inflammation were significantly higher in patients with AS than in patients with nr‐axSpA, with a median C‐reactive protein level of 8.0 versus 3.8 mg/liter, a median Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score of 2.2 versus 2.8, respectively, and a median amount of spinal inflammatory lesions on MRI of 2.0 versus 0.0, respectively. Significant differences between these 2 groups were seen in sex (76.8% male AS patients versus 31.8% male nr‐axSpA patients). Clinical variables did not differ between patients with AS and nr‐axSpA (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life questionnaire, Short Form 36 health survey).ConclusionPatients with nr‐axSpA were characterized by the low proportion of male patients and the low burden of inflammation compared to patients with AS. While both groups did not differ regarding health status, disease activity, and physical function, they did differ in signs of inflammation; all were higher in patients with AS. Since many patients with nr‐axSpA had not developed structural changes after years of symptoms, we propose that those patients should not be regarded as having preradiographic AS but rather as having nr‐axSpA.
Body weight changes and corresponding changes in pain and function in persons with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: A cohort study
Authors: Riddle Daniel L. , Stratford Paul W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if a dose‐response relationship exists between percentage changes in body weight in persons with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and self‐reported pain and function.MethodsData from persons in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) and the Multicenter Osteoarthritis (MOST) study data sets (n = 1,410) with symptomatic function‐limiting knee OA were studied. For the OAI, we used baseline and 3‐year followup data, while for the MOST study, baseline and 30‐month data were used. Key outcome variables were Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) physical function and pain change scores. In addition to covariates, the predictor variable of interest was the extent of weight change over the study period divided into 5 categories representing different percentages of body weight change.ResultsA significant dose‐response relationship (P < 0.003) was found between the extent of percentage change in body weight and the extent of change in WOMAC physical function and WOMAC pain scores. For example, persons who gained ≥10% of body weight had WOMAC physical function score changes of −5.4 (95% confidence interval −8.7, −2.00) points, indicating worsening physical function relative to the reference group of persons with weight changes between <5% weight gain and <5% weight reduction.ConclusionOur data suggest a dose‐response relationship exists between changes in body weight and corresponding changes in pain and function. The threshold for this response gradient appears to be body weight shifts of ≥10%. Weight changes of ≥10% have the potential to lead to important changes in pain and function for patient groups as well as individual patients.
Parents' preferences for drug treatments in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Burnett Heather F. , Regier Dean A. , Feldman Brian M. , Miller Fiona A. , Ungar Wendy J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine parents' preferences for drug treatments and health outcomes in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and identify demographic and health‐related factors that significantly impact choice.MethodsA discrete choice experiment was conducted with 105 parents of children with JIA who were cared for by a rheumatologist at The Hospital for Sick Children in Canada. Attributes evaluated included “drug treatment,” “child reported pain from arthritis,” “participation in daily activities,” “side effects,” “days missed from school,” and “cost to you.” Multinomial logit regression was used to estimate the relative importance of each attribute level and interaction term.ResultsParents made tradeoffs between characteristics of the drug treatments and health outcomes. “Participation in daily activities” was the most important attribute, followed by “child reported pain from arthritis” and “cost to you.” Parents of children with longer disease durations had stronger preferences for improved participation in daily activities, whereas parents of older JIA patients had stronger preferences for improved control of pain.ConclusionParents of children with JIA demonstrated strong preferences for treatments that reduce pain and improve daily functioning regardless of the associated side effects, level of responsibility required for drug administration, and days missed from school. Parents of children with longer disease durations and those who had been prescribed aggressive therapies had a greater preference for treatment effectiveness. These findings support the need for considering parental preferences in decisions regarding the choice of treatment for JIA.
A Highly Efficient, Blue‐Phosphorescent Device Based on a Wide‐Bandgap Host/FIrpic: Rational Design of the Carbazole and Phosphine Oxide Moieties on Tetraphenylsilane
Authors: Liu He , Cheng Gang , Hu Dehua , Shen Fangzhong , Lv Ying , Sun Guannan , Yang Bing , Lu Ping , Ma Yuguang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA new series of wide‐bandgap materials, 4‐dipenylphosphine oxide‐4′‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl‐tetraphenylsilane (CSPO), 4‐diphenylphosphine oxide‐4′,4″‐di(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐tetraphenylsilane (pDCSPO), 4‐diphenylphosphine oxide ‐4′‐[3‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐carbazole‐9‐yl]‐tetraphenylsilane (DCSPO), 4‐diphenylphosphine oxide‐4′,4″,4″′‐tri(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐tetraphenylsilane (pTCSPO) and 4‐diphenylphosphine oxide ‐4′‐[3,6‐di(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl]‐tetraphenylsilane (TCSPO), containing different ratios and linking fashions of p‐type carbazole units and n‐type phosphine oxide units, are designed and obtained. DCSPO is the best host in FIrpic‐doped devices for this series of compounds. By utilizing DCzSi and DPOSi as hole‐ and electron‐transporting layers, a high EQE of 27.5% and a maximum current efficiency of 49.4 cd A−1 are achieved in the DCSPO/FIrpic doped device. Even at 10 000 cd m−2, the efficiencies still remain 41.2 cd A−1 and 23.0%, respectively.
Up‐Conversion Luminescent and Porous NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@SiO2 Nanocomposite Fibers for Anti‐Cancer Drug Delivery and Cell Imaging
Authors: Hou Zhiyao , Li Chunxia , Ma Ping'an , Cheng Ziyong , Li Xuejiao , Zhang Xiao , Dai Yunlu , Yang Dongmei , Lian Hongzhou , Lin Jun 
Published: April 2012

AbstractUp‐conversion (UC) luminescent and porous NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@SiO2 nanocomposite fibers are prepared by electrospinning process. The biocompatibility test on L929 fibrolast cells reveals low cytotoxicity of the fibers. The obtained fibers can be used as anti‐cancer drug delivery host carriers for investigation of the drug storage/release properties. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), a typical anticancer drug, is introduced into NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@SiO2 nanocomposite fibers (denoted as DOX‐NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@SiO2). The release properties of the drug carrier system are examined and the in vitro cytotoxicity and cell uptake behavior of these NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@SiO2 for HeLa cells are evaluated. The release of DOX from NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@SiO2 exhibits sustained, pH‐sensitive release patterns and the DOX‐NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@SiO2 show similar cytotoxicity as the free DOX on HeLa cells. Confocal microscopy observations show that the composites can be effectively taken up by HeLa cells. Furthermore, the fibers show near‐infrared UC luminescence and are successfully applied in bioimaging of HeLa cells. The results indicate the promise of using NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@SiO2 nanocomposite fibers as multi‐functional drug carriers for drug delivery and cell imaging.
Synthesis of Ceria–Zirconia Nanocrystals with Improved Microstructural Homogeneity and Oxygen Storage Capacity by Hydrolytic Sol–Gel Process in Coordinating Environment
Authors: Epifani Mauro , Andreu Teresa , Abdollahzadeh‐Ghom Sara , Arbiol Jordi , Morante Joan R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCeria–zirconia solid solution nanocrystals, (1‐x)CeO2–xZrO2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, are prepared by sol–gel processing in dodecylamine of solutions obtained by forced hydrolysis of inorganic salts. The as‐prepared nanoparticles have a ceria cubic structure, up to x = 0.35, or are amorphous. Heat‐treatment is carried out at temperatures ranging from 500 to 800 °C, the latter temperature begin suitable to obtain solid solutions throughout the composition range. For all the heating temperatures and x values, the fluorite cubic structure of pure CeO2 transforms to a mixture (c′) of the cubic c and tetragonal t″ phases for x = 0.35, and to tetragonal t phase only for x = 0.8 at 650 °C, x = 0.65 at 800 °C, and, to a very limited extent, x = 0.5 at 1000 °C. No evidence is obtained at low x values of the t phase, which is detrimental to the oxygen storage capacity. Prolonged heating at 1000 °C demonstrates that only for x = 0.65 a limited separation of CeO2‐rich nanocrystals occurs. The samples undergo the same transition without simultaneous occurrence of different phases, apart for the two mentioned limited cases. This result is attributed to the intimate mixing of the metal cations even in the early stages of processing. In as‐prepared samples the Zr distribution becomes inhomogeneous when going from x = 0.2 to x = 0.35, but no early phase separations appear. The oxygen storage capacity is favorably influenced by the persistence of the cubic c′ phase.
Tuning of Regioselectivity in Inorganic Iodide‐Catalyzed Alkylation of 2‐Methoxyfurans via Electronic and Steric Effects
Authors: Chen Jie , Ni Shengjun , Ma Shengming 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn the presence of inorganic iodide, the methoxy CO bond in 2‐methoxyfurans may be cleaved to afford the corresponding lactonic anion. Due to the presence of an electron‐withdrawing group at the 3‐position, the alkylation with normal organic iodides occurred at the 3‐position highly regioselectively. However, when electron‐deficient allylic iodides with an electron‐withdrawing group at the 2‐position were used the 5‐alkylation products were formed as the major products with sodium iodide as the catalyst. With magnesium iodide as the catalyst, the 5‐allylation occurred highly regioselectively. As a whole, the 3‐ vs. 5‐alkylation selectivity may be determined by the relative steric hindrance at the 3‐ and 5‐positions and the electronic effect of the allylic iodides. A rationale was proposed.
Ligand‐Free Buchwald–Hartwig Aromatic Aminations of Aryl Halides Catalyzed by Low‐Leaching and Highly Recyclable Sulfur‐Modified Gold‐Supported Palladium Material
Authors: Al‐Amin Mohammad , Honma Tetsuo , Hoshiya Naoyuki , Shuto Satoshi , Arisawa Mitsuhiro 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA stable heterogeneous catalyst precursor, sulfur‐modified gold‐supported palladium material (SAPd), has proved to be an excellent source of leached, ligand‐free, Pd for the amination of aryl bromides and chlorides. The reaction‐enabling catalyst is provided in situ as leached Pd in low catalyst loading (0.21±0.02 mol%). This allows the precatalyst (SAPd) to be filtered off and used for a minimum of ten reaction cycles without loss of catalytic activity. SAPd released only trace amounts, less than 0.6 ppm, of highly active Pd during the reaction without any aggregation.
Copper‐Catalyzed Ultrasound‐Expedited N‐Arylation of Sulfoximines using Diaryliodonium Salts
Authors: Vaddula Buchireddy , Leazer John , Varma Rajender S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn ultrasound‐accelerated route for an expeditious N‐arylation of NH‐sulfoximines is described that involves the use of diaryliodonium salts in aqueous polyethylene glycol‐400 and copper(I) bromide as catalyst at room temperature. The high yields of the products and simple work‐up are the highlights of the protocol.
Beyond the Limits: Palladium‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Based Catalytic System Enables Highly Efficient [4+2] Benzannulation Reactions
Authors: Zatolochnaya Olga V. , Galenko Alexey V. , Gevorgyan Vladimir 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA highly efficient catalytic system for the palladium‐catalyzed [4+2] benzannulation reaction of enynes and enynophiles has been developed. The use of an N‐heterocyclic carbene‐based palladium precursor allowed us to achieve turnover numbers up to 1800. The new catalytic system has enabled an expansion of the scope of the [4+2] homo‐benzannulation reaction.