bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological Photonic Chiral Mode Converters
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Wang Xiaoxiao , Qi Huixin , Wang Zhihao , Hu Xiaoyong , Lu Cuicui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTopological photonic states are immune to structural defects and perturbations, which are considered as a promising solution for realizing robust integrated optical devices. As an essential photonic component, the chiral mode converter, which can directionally switch the modes of photonic states, plays a key role in integrated photonics. However, there is no way to realize topological photonic chiral mode converters. Here, a method is proposed to realize topological photonic chiral mode converters by dynamically encircling exceptional points in topological photonic systems. The device can directionally switch modes of topological photonic states and endow the mode converter with topology protection. Chiral dynamic behavior emerges between the two topological states due to the nonadiabatic transitions within the non‐Hermitian topological photonic system. The topological photonic chiral mode converter is robust against random perturbations of coupling strengths. The realization of a topological chiral mode converter endows topology protection into traditional photonic devices and will promote the practical applications of topological photonic states, such as mode multiplexers and optical isolators.
Design of advanced steels by integrated computational materials engineering
Authors: Lu Xiao‐Gang , He Yanlin , Zheng Weisen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) has achieved great success in accelerating the rational design and deployment of new materials. It is a new route of designing new materials and processes and highlighted by Materials Genome Initiative/Engineering that stresses the high‐throughput computation in addition to high‐throughput experimentation and materials informatics. This article presents a brief review on the basic theories and multi‐scale computational tools of ICME to design advanced steel grades, including the first‐principles calculations, the CALPHAD method (i.e., computational thermodynamics) fueled by dedicated databases, diffusion and phase‐field simulations, as well as finite analysis methods and machine learning. In the ICME scheme to deal with steels, the CALPHAD method is considered as the core to readily consider multi‐component systems and integrated to link the microscopic simulations (such as diffusion and phase field method to predict microstructure evolutions in response to external conditions) and macroscopic finite analysis method to deal with mechanical properties. Two applications are also presented to address the new routes to carry out materials design, especially for advanced steels.
VEGF‐R2/CAV‐1 Interaction Induced by Resveratrol/Eicosapentaenoic Acid/Docosahexaenoic Acid‐Enriched Formulation through Functional Detergent‐Resistant Membranes Is Associated with Decreased VEGF‐A Release in ARPE‐19 Cells
Authors: Perus Maude , Courtaut Flavie , Pais de Barros Jean‐Paul , Aires Virginie , Hermetet François , Delmas Dominique 
Published: May 2024

ScopeOmega‐3 fatty acids (O3FAs) and resveratrol (RSV) are known to be beneficial for certain eye diseases, such as age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Neovascular AMD is characterized by abnormal blood vessel formation due to the excessive synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. The study investigates whether a formulation based on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and RSV is capable of counteracting VEGF‐A secretion, and elucidates the molecular mechanism.Methods and resultsThe study finds, using ELISA, that O3FAs/RSV reduces VEGF‐A secretion in human RPE cells. This phenomenon is related to the increased interaction between VEGF‐receptor 2 (VEGF‐R2) and caveolin‐1 (CAV‐1), a protein of detergent‐resistant membranes (DRMs), as determined by co‐immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay. Using microscale thermophoresis, the study confirms that O3FAs/RSV causes a high‐affinity interaction. Isolation and analysis of DRMs reveal that this interaction is concomitant with VEGF‐R2 relocalization in DRMs. The depletion of DRMs by a cholesterol‐chelating agent blocks the VEGF‐R2/CAV‐1 interaction and EPA/DHA/RSV‐mediated impairment of VEGF production.ConclusionThis specific interaction can provide a new strategy for countering VEGF‐A production in human RPE cells and, consequently, reducing neovascularization in AMD. Further preclinical studies involving O3FAs and polyphenols are warranted.
Design of an ultrabroadband and compact H‐plane sectoral ridged horn‐reflector array
Authors: Chen Yu Shan , Ma Hui Feng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, an ultrabroadband linear array in which horn‐reflector antennas are used as radiating elements by adding a central ridge to the rectangular waveguide, leading to an increased bandwidth of 3:1. With a reflector embedded in the H‐plane sectoral ridged horn, a desired narrow beam can be easily achieved. Moreover, due to the compact enclosed structure, the proposed reflector array can not only eliminate the illumination loss but also significantly reduce size compared with those of conventional array‐fed parabolic cylinder antennas. Good agreement between the calculated and measured results is obtained, showing that the proposed antenna array has a high aperture efficiency of about 80%, a ±45° scanning range in the E‐plane and 5° beam coverage with low side lobes in the H‐plane within the frequency range of 6–18 GHz.
High‐Order line graphs of fMRI data in major depressive disorder
Authors: Guo Hao , Huang Xiaoyan , Wang Chunyan , Wang Hao , Bai Xiaohe , Li Yao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) technology and the complex network theory can be used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of brain diseases. The successful application of functional brain hypernetworks provides new perspectives for the diagnosis and evaluation of clinical brain diseases; however, many studies have not assessed the attribute information of hyperedges and could not retain the high‐order topology of hypergraphs. In addition, the study of multi‐scale and multi‐layered organizational properties of the human brain can provide richer and more accurate data features for classification models of depression.PurposeThis work aims to establish a more accurate classification framework for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) using the high‐order line graph algorithm. And accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score are used to validate its classification performance.MethodsBased on rs‐fMRI data from 38 MDD subjects and 28 controls, we constructed a human brain hypernetwork and introduced a line graph model, followed by the construction of a high‐order line graph model. The topological properties under each order line graph were calculated to measure the classification performance of the model. Finally, intergroup features that showed significant differences under each order line graph model were fused, and a support vector machine classifier was constructed using multi‐kernel learning. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov nonparametric permutation test was used as the feature selection method and the classification performance was measured with the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation method.ResultsThe high‐order line graph achieved a better classification performance compared with other traditional hypernetworks (accuracy = 92.42%, sensitivity = 92.86%, specificity = 92.11%, precision = 89.66%, F1 = 91.23%). Furthermore, the brain regions found in the present study have been previously shown to be associated with the pathology of depression.ConclusionsThis work validated the classification model based on the high‐order line graph, which can better express the topological features of the hypernetwork by comprehensively considering the hyperedge information under different connection strengths, thereby significantly improving the classification accuracy of MDD. Therefore, this method has potential for use in the clinical diagnosis of MDD.
Squeeze‐and‐excitation‐attention‐based mobile vision transformer for grading recognition of bladder prolapse in pelvic MRI images
Authors: Zhu Shaojun , Chen Guotao , Chen Hongguang , Lu Ying , Wu Maonian , Zheng Bo , Liu Dongquan , Qian Cheng , Chen Yun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundBladder prolapse is a common clinical disorder of pelvic floor dysfunction in women, and early diagnosis and treatment can help them recover. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most important methods used by physicians to diagnose bladder prolapse; however, it is highly subjective and largely dependent on the clinical experience of physicians. The application of computer‐aided diagnostic techniques to achieve a graded diagnosis of bladder prolapse can help improve its accuracy and shorten the learning curve.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to combine convolutional neural network (CNN) and vision transformer (ViT) for grading bladder prolapse in place of traditional neural networks, and to incorporate attention mechanisms into mobile vision transformer (MobileViT) for assisting in the grading of bladder prolapse.MethodsThis study focuses on the grading of bladder prolapse in pelvic organs using a combination of a CNN and a ViT. First, this study used MobileNetV2 to extract the local features of the images. Next, a ViT was used to extract the global features by modeling the non‐local dependencies at a distance. Finally, a channel attention module (i.e., squeeze‐and‐excitation network) was used to improve the feature extraction network and enhance its feature representation capability. The final grading of the degree of bladder prolapse was thus achieved.ResultsUsing pelvic MRI images provided by a Huzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, this study used the proposed method to grade patients with bladder prolapse. The accuracy, Kappa value, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and area under the curve of our method were 86.34%, 78.27%, 83.75%, 95.43%, 85.70%, and 95.05%, respectively. In comparison with other CNN models, the proposed method performed better.ConclusionsThus, the model based on attention mechanisms exhibits better classification performance than existing methods for grading bladder prolapse in pelvic organs, and it can effectively assist physicians in achieving a more accurate bladder prolapse diagnosis.
Methodological factors affecting capture of juvenile salmon in baited “minnow” traps
Authors: Peltola Eugene R. , Rinella Daniel J. , Benson Anna-Marie , Gerken Jonathon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
In a southcentral Alaska stream system, we conducted a study to evaluate the effect of trap type (galvanized and nylon coated), bait type (salmon roe cured with and without sodium sulfite), and soak times (1 h and 24 h) on captures of juvenile salmon using Gee-style minnow traps. This was undertaken due to the limited research on this topic, aiming to determine how variations in methodology affected captures in juvenile salmon.

Methods
We employed a three-way fixed factorial design to sample 176 stream reaches (with a single trap in each each) from June 2021 to September 2021, capturing 296 Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and 105 Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha.

Result
We found an estimated 78% decrease in captures of Coho Salmon when nylon-coated traps were used instead of galvanized traps, and we found that trap type showed no effect on number of captures for Chinook Salmon. Additionally, we did not detect effects of bait type and soak time on the number of captures for either species. Not surprisingly, there was a positive relationship between Julian date and temperature with captures for both species. Additionally, for Coho Salmon, we found a quadratic relationship between water velocity and captures.

Conclusion
Understanding and accounting for these factors will help researchers to maximize trapping efficiency, standardize protocols, and determine the extent to which results are comparable across studies employing different methods.
Finite element modeling of viscoelastic liquid crystal elastomers
Authors: Chehade Ali El Hajj , Shen Beijun , Yakacki Chris M. , Nguyen Thao D. , Govindjee Sanjay 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLiquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are elastomeric networks with anisotropic monomers that reorient in response to applied loads, and in particular, thermomechanical loads. LCE complex microstructures translate into complex behaviors, such as soft elasticity, rate‐dependency, and hysteresis. In this work, we develop a three‐dimensional finite element implementation for monodomain LCEs, with the material modeled as a finite deformation viscoelastic network with a viscous director. The formulation is designed so that the director field can be modeled as an internal variable. Unique to this class of materials is that their deformation response function depends on the full deformation gradient and not just the right‐stretch tensor. This results in the material tangent losing its ‘usual’ symmetry properties. Accordingly, this makes the use of a first Piola–Kirchhoff finite element formulation advantageous. We utilize this framework to examine a number of nuances associated with the simulation and design of LCE based systems. In particular, we investigate in some detail the importance of a careful characterization of an LCE's initial director field. Via simulations of separate tension and compression experiments, we highlight the possibility of incorrect predictions when even small perturbations to initial conditions occur. The simulations are also used to illustrate the goodness of the model in replicating simple and complex experimental results, including the first‐of‐their‐kind buckling‐like column compression and thick‐walled balloon inflation simulations.
Influence of tongue perception alterations on oral and maxillofacial functions of patients with malignant/premalignant tongue tumors
Authors: Suzuki Mao , Matsunaga Kazuhide , Koyama Shihoko , Kinosada Hiroko , Morita Yoshihiro , Tanaka Nobukazu , Sugiyama Chihiro , Kosaka Takayuki , Takeshita Akinori , Ikebe Kazunori , Uzawa Narikazu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the association between pre‐ and postoperative changes in tongue perception and oral and maxillofacial functions in patients with tongue tumors.MethodsA total of 19 patients with malignant/premalignant tongue tumors were included in this study. Patients were classified into two groups: the closure group, which included patients who underwent partial tongue resection and primary suture, and the flap group, which included patients who underwent less than hemiglossectomy and reconstruction with a radial forearm free flap. Tongue perception was assessed using an electrical stimulator. Perceptual thresholds for the apex, margin, and dorsum of the tongue on the nontumor and tumor sides were evaluated. Tongue movement, tongue pressure, water drinking test, gummy jelly chewing strength, and bite strength were evaluated for oral and maxillofacial function. Each parameter was examined pre‐ and postoperatively (1, 3, 6, and 12 months).ResultsPatients with large tongue cancer had decreased bilateral tongue perception before surgery. In the flap group, postoperative perception of the tongue on the nontumor side and chewing and bite strengths tended to improve over time compared with preoperative perception and chewing and bite strengths.ConclusionIn the flap group, changes in tongue perception on the nontumor side may influence chewing function.
Supporting Knowledge and Language Acquisition of Secondary Emergent Bilinguals through Social Studies Instruction
Authors: Martinez Leticia R. , Fishstrom Sarah , Vaughn Sharon , Capin Philip , Carlson Coleen D. , Andress Tim T. , Francis David J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examined the initial efficacy of World Generation (WorldGen), a Tier I social studies instructional approach for emergent bilingual (EB) students and their native English‐speaking (non‐EB) peers in Grades 6 and 7. WorldGen builds on prior research on instructional practices that have been associated with improved content knowledge and literacy outcomes for EBs in classes of students with varying English proficiency. Using a within‐teacher design, middle grades world history teachers' classes were randomly assigned to WorldGen treatment (17) or comparison conditions (16) for three to four approximately two‐week units. The student sample included 42% EBs. Students in the treatment condition (n = 373) scored higher, on average, on world history content (Hedges' g = 0.47) and vocabulary knowledge (Hedges' g = 0.41) than students in the comparison condition (n = 343) but no statistically significant findings were yielded regarding disciplinary literacy skills at the end of WorldGen instruction. Of primary interest, the statistically significant main effects indicated that world history content knowledge and vocabulary learning was similar for both current EB and non‐EB students in the treatment condition. The findings provide initial support for the use of the WorldGen instructional practices for improving content acquisition and vocabulary in general education social studies classes with students with a range of English proficiency. Furthermore, teachers perceived the WorldGen instructional practices and materials as providing the information and learning experiences necessary to support students in meeting grade‐level expectations.
Urchin‐Like Mesoporous TiN Hollow Sphere Enabling Promoted Electrochemical Kinetics of Bromine‐Based Flow Batteries
Authors: Lai Qinzhi , Liu Siting , Jiang Hang , Zhang Jianhua , Zhou Zhikang , Wang Jianwei , Wang Qianyun , Wang Qian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBromine‐based flow batteries (BFB) have always suffered from poor kinetics due to the sluggish Br3−/Br− redox, hindering their practical applications. Developing cathode materials with high catalytic activity is critical to address this challenge. Herein, the in‐depth investigation for the free energy of the bromine redox electrode is conducted initially through DFT calculations, establishing the posterior desorption during oxidation as the rate‐determining step. An urchin‐like titanium nitride hollow sphere (TNHS) composite is designed and synthesized as the catalyst for bromine redox. The large difference in Br− and Br3− adsorption capability of TNHS promotes rapid desorption of generated Br3− during the oxidation process, liberating active sites timely to enable smooth ongoing reactions. Besides, the urchin‐like microporous/mesoporous structure of TNHS provides abundant active surface for bromine redox reactions, and ample cavities for the bromine accommodation. The inherently high conductivity of TNHS enables facile electron transfer through multiple channels. Consequently, zinc‐bromide flow batteries with TNHS catalyst exhibit significantly enhanced kinetics, stably operating at 80 mA cm−2 with 82.78% energy efficiency. Overall, this study offers a solving strategy and catalyst design approach to the sluggish kinetics that has plagued bromine‐based flow batteries.
Ultrasound‐Triggered Piezoelectric Catalysis of Zinc Oxide@Glucose Derived Carbon Spheres for the Treatment of MRSA Infected Osteomyelitis
Authors: Guo Yihao , Mao Congyang , Wu Shuilin , Wang Chaofeng , Zheng Yufeng , Liu Xiangmei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCurrently, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)‐induced osteomyelitis is a clinically life‐threatening disease, however, long‐term antibiotic treatment can lead to bacterial resistance, posing a huge challenge to treatment and public health. In this study, glucose‐derived carbon spheres loaded with zinc oxide (ZnO@HTCS) are successfully constructed. This composite demonstrates the robust ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under ultrasound (US) irradiation, eradicating 99.788% ± 0.087% of MRSA within 15 min and effectively treating MRSA‐induced osteomyelitis infection. Piezoelectric force microscopy tests and finite element method simulations reveal that the ZnO@HTCS composite exhibits superior piezoelectric catalytic performance compared to pure ZnO, making it a unique piezoelectric sonosensitizer. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the formation of a Mott–Schottky heterojunction and an internal piezoelectric field within the interface accelerates the electron transfer and the separation of electron–hole pairs. Concurrently, surface vacancies of the composite enable the adsorption of a greater amount of oxygen, enhancing the piezoelectric catalytic effect and generating a substantial quantity of ROS. This work not only presents a promising approach for augmenting piezoelectric catalysis through construction of a Schottky heterojunction interface but also provides a novel, efficient therapeutic strategy for treating osteomyelitis.
Self‐Charging Power System Empowered by Bismuth Halide Perovskite‐Based Hybrid Nanogenerator and Lithium‐ion Battery
Authors: Jella Venkatraju , Behera Subhashree , Ippili Swathi , Joo Soyun , Kwon Kyungmin , Hong Seungbum , Kim Hyun‐Suk , Yoon Soon‐Gil 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHalide perovskite, renowned for its multifunctional properties, shows considerable promise for realizing self‐charging power systems. In this study, a lead‐free methylammonium bismuth iodide (MA3Bi2I9) perovskite is used to create a self‐charging power unit (SPU). This involves constructing a hybrid piezoelectric‐triboelectric nanogenerator (Hybrid‐TENG) and utilizing MA3Bi2I9 for energy storage as an anode in a lithium‐ion battery (LIB). Initially, MA3Bi2I9 nanorods are synthesized and composited with a polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene polymer. The dielectric and mechanical properties of composite films having perovskite loading content are investigated. The optimized Hybrid‐TENG exhibits superior performance, generating a voltage of 537 V, current density of 13.2 µA cm−2, and maximum power density of 3.04 mW cm−2, which can be attributed to the high piezoelectric coefficient of MA3Bi2I9 nanorods (≈20.6 pm V−1). A MA3Bi2I9 thin film, serving as an electrode in LIB, demonstrates a high specific capacity of 2378.9 mAh cm−3 (578.8 mAh g−1) with a capacity retention of ≈87.5% over 100 cycles, underscoring its stable performance. Furthermore, a Hybrid‐TENG is employed to charge the MA3Bi2I9‐based LIB, thus realizing an SPU for driving portable electronics. This study highlights the promising potential of perovskites for developing efficient nanogenerators and LIBs, paving the way for sustainable energy solutions in small‐scale electronics.