bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green and efficient production of octyl hydroxyphenylpropionate using an ultrasound-assisted packed-bed bioreactor
Authors: Lee Chih Chen , Chen Hsiao Ching , Ju Hen Yi , Chen Jiann Hwa , Kuo Chia Hung , Chung Yi Lin , Liu Yung Chuan , Shieh Chwen Jen 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A solvent-free system to produce octyl hydroxyphenylpropionate (OHPP) from p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (HPPA) and octanol using immobilized lipase (Novozym® 435) as a catalyst in an ultrasound-assisted packed-bed bioreactor was investigated. Response-surface methodology (RSM) and a three-level-three-factor Box-Behnken design were employed to evaluate the effects of reaction temperature (x 1), flow rate (x 2) and ultrasonic power (x 3) on the percentage of molar production of OHPP. The results indicate that the reaction temperature and flow rate were the most important variables in optimizing the production of OHPP. Based on a ridge max analysis, the optimum conditions for OHPP synthesis were predicted to consist of a reaction temperature of 65°C, a flow rate of 0.05 ml/min and an ultrasonic power of 1.74 W/cm2 with a yield of 99.25%. A reaction was performed under these optimal conditions, and a yield of 99.33 ± 0.1% was obtained.
Ultrafast imaging of the entire chest without ECG synchronisation or beta-blockade: to what extent can we analyse the coronary arteries?
Authors: de Malherbe Maxime , Duhamel Alain , Tacelli Nunzia , Hachulla Anne-Lise , Pontana François , Faivre Jean-Baptiste , Remy Jacques , Remy-Jardin Martine 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the accessibility of coronary arteries from chest CT examinations acquired without ECG gating or beta-blockade.

Materials and methods
Two hundred forty-two patients (median heart rate: 81.7 bpm) underwent a non-ECG-gated CT examination with high pitch and high temporal resolution. Image analysis was obtained by consensus between two readers.

Results
The percentage of accessible segments was 88% at the proximal level (i.e. 4 segments), 75% at the proximal and mid-segment level (i.e. 7 segments), and 61% and 48% when considering 10 and 15 segments, respectively. The mean (± SD) number of accessible segments per patient was 3.5 ± 0.78 and 5.2 ± 1.50 when considering four and seven segments per patient, respectively. The percentage of patients with four segments accessible was 67% (126/242), decreasing to 23% (55/242) with seven segments accessible and 3% (7/242) with ten segments accessible, while the entire coronary artery tree was not accessible for any of the patients. No significant difference was found in the patients’ mean hearts with four, seven, or ten accessible segments (P = 0.4897).

Conclusion
Diagnostic image quality was attainable at the level of proximal segments in 67% of patients, while proximal and mid-coronary segments were accessible in 23% of patients.

Main Messages

• High-pitch and high-temporal resolution scanning modes make accessible proximal coronary arteries on non ECG-gated chest CT angiograms

• It is not necessary to administer beta-blockers to achieve good results.

• Tobacco-related cardiovascular disorders could benefit from this scanning mode.
Multilayer shallow water equations with complete Coriolis force. Part 2. Linear plane waves
Authors: Stewart Andrew L. , Dellar Paul J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe investigate the behaviour of linear plane waves in multilayer shallow water equations that include a complete treatment of the Coriolis force. These equations improve upon the conventional shallow water equations, based on the traditional approximation, that include only the part of the Coriolis force due to the locally vertical component of the rotation vector. Including the complete Coriolis force leads to dramatic changes in the structure of long linear plane waves. It allows subinertial waves to exist with frequencies below the inertial frequency, the minimum frequency for which waves exist under the traditional approximation. These subinertial waves are characterized by a distinguished limit in which the horizontal pressure gradient becomes comparable to the upwellings and downwellings driven by the non-traditional Coriolis term in the vertical momentum equation. The subinertial waves connect wave modes that remain separate in the conventional multilayer shallow water equations, such as the surface and internal waves in a two-layer system. Eastward-propagating surface waves in a two-layer system connect with westward-propagating internal waves, and vice versa, via the long subinertial waves. The long subinertial waves cannot be classified as either surface or internal waves, due to the phase difference between the disturbances to the interfaces in these waves.
Bolgiano scale in confined Rayleigh–Taylor turbulence
Authors: Boffetta G. , De Lillo F. , Mazzino A. , Musacchio S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe investigate the statistical properties of Rayleigh–Taylor turbulence in a three-dimensional convective cell of high aspect ratio, in which one transverse side is much smaller that the others. By means of high-resolution numerical simulation we study the development of the turbulent mixing layer and the scaling properties of the velocity and temperature fields. We show that the system undergoes a transition from a three- to two-dimensional turbulent regime when the width of the turbulent mixing layer becomes larger than the scale of confinement. In the late stage of the evolution the convective flow is characterized by the coexistence of Kolmogorov–Obukhov and Bolgiano–Obukhov scaling at small and large scales, respectively. These regimes are separated by the Bolgiano scale, which is determined by the scale of confinement of the flow. Our results show that the emergence of the Bolgiano–Obukhov scaling in Rayleigh–Taylor turbulence is connected to the onset of an upscale energy transfer induced by the geometrical constraint of the flow.
Stratified flows with vertical layering of density: experimental and theoretical study of flow configurations and their stability
Authors: Camassa Roberto , McLaughlin Richard M. , Moore Matthew N. J. , Yu Kuai 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA vertically moving boundary in a stratified fluid can create and maintain a horizontal density gradient, or vertical layering of density, through the mechanism of viscous entrainment. Experiments to study the evolution and stability of axisymmetric flows with vertically layered density are performed by towing a narrow fibre upwards through a stably stratified viscous fluid. The fibre forms a closed loop and thus its effective length is infinite. A layer of denser fluid is entrained and its thickness is measured by implementing tracking analysis of dyed fluid images. Thickness values of up to 70 times that of the fibre are routinely obtained. A lubrication model is developed for both a two-dimensional geometry and the axisymmetric geometry of the experiment, and shown to be in excellent agreement with dynamic experimental measurements once subtleties of the optical tracking are addressed. Linear stability analysis is performed on a family of exact shear solutions, using both asymptotic and numerical methods in both two dimensions and the axisymmetric geometry of the experiment. It is found analytically that the stability properties of the flow depend strongly on the size of the layer of heavy fluid surrounding the moving boundary, and that the flow is neutrally stable to perturbations in the large-wavelength limit. At the first correction of this limit, a critical layer size is identified that separates stable from unstable flow configurations. Surprisingly, in all of the experiments the size of the entrained layer exceeds the threshold for instability, yet no unstable behaviour is observed. This is a reflection of the small amplification rate of the instability, which leads to growth times much longer than the duration of the experiment. This observation illustrates that for finite times the hydrodynamic stability of a flow does not necessarily correspond to whether or not that flow can be realised from an initial-value problem. Similar instabilities that are neutral to leading order with respect to long waves can arise under the different physical mechanism of viscous stratification, as studied by Yih (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 27, 1967, pp. 337–352), and we draw a comparison to that scenario.
Effect of n-3 fatty acids on patients with advanced lung cancer: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Finocchiaro Concetta , Segre Olivia , Fadda Maurizio , Monge Taira , Scigliano Mara , Schena Marina , Tinivella Marco , Tiozzo Elisa , Catalano Maria G. , Pugliese Mariateresa , Fortunati Nicoletta , Aragno Manuela , Muzio Giuliana , Maggiora Marina , Oraldi Manuela , Canuto Rosa A. 
Published: November 2011

PUFA from fish oil appear to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects and improve nutritional status in cancer patients. With this as background, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of EPA plus DHA on inflammatory condition, and oxidative and nutritional status in patients with lung cancer. In our multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial, thirty-three patients with a diagnosis of advanced inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer and undergoing chemotherapy were divided into two groups, receiving four capsules/d containing 510 mg of EPA and 340 mg of DHA, or 850 mg of placebo, for 66 d. At the start of chemotherapy (T0), after 8 d (T1), 22 d (T2) and 66 d (T3), biochemical (inflammatory and oxidative status parameters) and anthropometric parameters were measured in both groups. A significant increase of body weight in the n-3 group at T3v. T0 was observed. Concerning inflammation, C-reactive protein and IL-6 levels differed significantly between the n-3 and placebo groups at T3, and progressively decreased during chemotherapy in the n-3 group, evidencing n-3 PUFA anti-inflammatory action. Concerning oxidative status, plasma reactive oxygen species levels increased in the placebo group v. the n-3 group at the later treatment times. Hydroxynonenal levels increased in the placebo group during the study, while they stabilised in the n-3 group. Our data confirm that the continual assumption of EPA plus DHA determined an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative action which could be considered a preliminary goal in anti-cachectic therapy.
UNRAVELLING CROP WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF TEF (ERAGROSTIS TEF (ZUCC.) TROTTER) THROUGH AQUACROP IN NORTHERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: TSEGAY ALEMTSEHAY , RAES DIRK , GEERTS SAM , VANUYTRECHT ELINE , ABRAHA BERHANU , DECKERS JOZEF , BAUER HANS , GEBREHIWOT KINDEYA 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYAt various locations in North Ethiopia (Tigray), field experiments were conducted from 2006 to 2009 to assess the crop response to water stress of tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) under rainfed, fully irrigated and deficit irrigation conditions. Observed soil water content (SWC), canopy cover (CC), biomass production (B) and final grain yield (Y) were used to calibrate and validate AquaCrop for tef. Data from an experiment in a controlled environment in 2008 were also considered in the calibration process. Simulations of SWC, CC, B and Y were evaluated by determining the index of agreement, the root mean square error, the coefficient of determination and the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency. The statistical parameters showed an adequate fit between observations and simulations. The model was able to simulate for tef growing under rainfed condition the observed fast drop in SWC and CC when the rains ceased. The overall goodness of fit between the observed and simulated CC and SWC indicated that the thresholds for root zone depletion at which water stress (i) affects canopy development, (ii) induces stomata closure and (iii) triggers early canopy senescence were well selected. The normalised biomass water productivity (WP*) for tef was 14 g m−2 for the local variety and 21 g m−2 for the improved variety, which is a lot smaller than the WP* expected for C4 plants (30–35 g m−2). The results revealed an increase of 27% in reference harvest index (HIo) of tef in response to mild water stress during the yield formation of up to 33%. However, severe water stress causing stomata closure had a negative effect on HIo. Once it is properly calibrated, AquaCrop can provide room to improve the water productivity of tef by developing guidelines for good agricultural management strategies.
TRACING THE ANCESTRY OF THE MINOAN HALL SYSTEM
Authors: Shaw Joseph W. 
Published: November 2011

Among the more intriguing Minoan architectural forms is the so-called ‘Minoan Hall’. It consists, at its simplest, of a light well, a fore hall, and a room (polythyron) closed off by what are known as pier-and-door partitions. The Hall was located in the residential areas of the palaces, also in some Neopalatial houses, and was usually accompanied by a ‘lustral basin’, a square sunken room reached by steps often flanked by an elaborate balustrade. A window or a platform often enabled observation within the basin from ground level.Examples of the Hall were once known only from the Neopalatial period, but two earlier, Protopalatial, examples have been identified at Malia. The later of the two occurs in Middle Minoan II Building A in Quartier Mu. It consists of the lustral basin, a large hall with a light well, anda polythyron. The earlier example, a Minoan Hall suite in the Middle Minoan ICrypte hypostyle, consists of a unique series of five basement rooms, the first bordered by a light well, then apolythyron, followed by a relatively small, square room with a large interior window (a lustral basin?), with a benched entrance room next door. South of these rooms was a large hall at ground level, probably for groups, from which one accessed separately the first and last of the rooms underground.Comparison of the two room groups suggests that theCrypte hypostyleexample is the forerunner of the Quartier Mu group. Specifically, the latter'spolythyronwas, for practical reasons, set at ground level while its lustral basin, which involved chthonic connections, remained at basement level and was approached by steps. The same arrangement, but with some adjustments, was to be adapted later, in Neopalatial times, completing a long history of a social and ceremonial architectural form that may have begun as early as the Early Minoan Period.
Alcaeus on the career of Myrsilos: Greeks, Lydians and Luwians at the east Aegean-west Anatolian interface
Authors: Dale Alexander 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper examines the evidence for the life and career of the Lesbian tyrant Myrsilos. Following an examination of the ancient testimonia for Myrsilos in the text of Alcaeus and later sources, the name Myrsilos is then considered in relation to the Hittite royal name Muršiliš, Myrsilos as an alternate name for the Lydian king Kandaules and various toponyms in Lydia and Caria that appear to be derived from the same underlying name or title. The consequences of the distribution of these names is then considered in the cultural and historical context of the Aegean-Anatolian interface, with implications for early Lesbian history and cultural continuity from the Late Bronze Age down to the Archaic period.
Greek slavery: from domination to property and back again
Authors: Vlassopoulos Kostas 
Published: November 2011

AbstractModern historians of Greek slavery seem to agree, despite other differences, on an understanding of slavery as a relationship of property. This understanding of slavery essentially goes back to Aristotle's theory of natural slavery. An examination of the Greek vocabulary of slavery though shows that the vast majority of Greeks had a very different understanding of slavery as a relationship of domination. This article argues that this alternative Greek understanding of slavery can account for some serious conundrums in Greek attitudes and thought, and explains the reasons behind Aristotle's reformulation of slavery as a relationship of property. Finally, it is argued that seeing slavery as a relationship of domination has enormous potential for the modern study of slavery from a dynamic historical perspective.
The ethico-politics of writing in Plutarch's Life of Dion
Authors: Zadorojnyi Alexei V. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe paper focuses on the representation of pedagogical and political communication between (and around) Plato, Dion and Dionysius II in Plutarch's Life of Dion. Plutarch's narrative invokes both the Platonic critique of writing as an inadequate medium for teaching philosophy, and the polarity between free oral speech and writing as a symptom of tyranny. It is argued that the Life espouses but also complicates and implicitly interrogates the opposition between writtenness and orality across the philosophical and the political domain, thus constituting a rich intertextual response, from an Imperial Platonist author, to the Platonic concerns about the written word.
An introduction to argumentation semantics
Authors: Baroni Pietro , Caminada Martin , Giacomin Massimiliano 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper presents an overview on the state of the art of semantics for abstract argumentation, covering both some of the most influential literature proposals and some general issues concerning semantics definition and evaluation. As to the former point, the paper reviews Dung's original notions of complete, grounded, preferred, and stable semantics, as well as subsequently proposed notions like semi-stable, ideal, stage, and CF2 semantics, considering both the extension-based and the labelling-based approaches with respect to their definitions. As to the latter point, the paper presents an extensive set of general properties for semantics evaluation and analyzes the notions of argument justification and skepticism. The final part of the paper is focused on the discussion of some relationships between semantics properties and domain-specific requirements.
Who are the children at risk? Lessons learned from measles outbreaks
Authors: STEIN-ZAMIR C. , SHOOB H. , ABRAMSON N. , ZENTNER G. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYWe investigated a measles outbreak in the Jerusalem district in 2007–2008 (992 cases). Most cases (72·6%) were aged <15 years, 42·9% aged <5 years, and 12·8% were infants aged <1 year. The peak incidence rate was in infants aged 6–12 months (916·2/100 000). This represents a significant shift from former outbreaks in 2003–2004, where the peak incidence was in the 1–4 years age group. Of children aged <5 years the proportion aged 6–12 months tripled (7·7%vs. 25·6%). In a case-control study (74 cases, 148 controls) children who developed measles were less likely to be registered in a well-baby clinic and had lower overall immunization coverage. The differences in proportions for registration, DTaP3 and MMR1 coverage were 35·1%, 48·6% and 80·8%, respectively (allP<0·001). Rising birth order of cases and their siblings was associated with non-registration and non-compliance with MMR immunization. The vulnerability of young infants and the risk markers noted above should be taken into account in planning intervention programmes.
Nutrition policy in whose interests? A New Zealand case study
Authors: Jenkin Gabrielle , Signal Louise , Thomson George 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveIn the context of the global obesity epidemic, national nutrition policies have come under scrutiny. The present paper examines whose interests – industry or public health – are served by these policies and why.DesignUsing an exemplary case study of submissions to an inquiry into obesity, the research compared the positions of industry and public health groups with that taken by government. We assessed whether the interests were given equal consideration (a pluralist model of influence) or whether the interests of one group were favoured over the other (a neo-pluralist model).Setting2006 New Zealand Inquiry into Obesity.SubjectsFood and advertising industry and public health submitters.ResultsThe Government's position was largely aligned with industry interests in three of four policy domains: the national obesity strategy; food industry policy; and advertising and marketing policies. The exception to this was nutrition policy in schools, where the Government's position was aligned with public health interests. These findings support the neo-pluralist model of interest group influence.ConclusionsThe dominance of the food industry in national nutrition policy needs to be addressed. It is in the interests of the public, industry and the state that government regulates the food and advertising industries and limits the involvement of industry in policy making. Failure to do so will be costly for individuals, in terms of poor health and earlier death, costly to governments in terms of the associated health costs, and costly to both the government and industry due to losses in human productivity.
Personalised support delivered by support workers for people with severe and persistent mental illness: a systematic review of patient outcomes
Authors: Siskind D. , Harris M. , Pirkis J. , Whiteford H. 
Published: November 2011

Aims.Personalised support services assist patients with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) to live with functional deficits by providing living skills, emotional support, community access and advocacy. This paper aims to systematically review the evidence for personalised support.Methods.Systematic searches of Medline, PsycINFO and Google Scholar (inception to March 2011) identified studies investigating patient outcomes for personalised support services. The quality of the selected studies was assessed. The strength of evidence for the three categories of patient outcomes (illness acuity, personal functioning and patient satisfaction) was graded.Results.Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria with most rated as having moderate or weak study designs. The selected studies evaluated programs for outpatients with SPMI. There was moderate strength of evidence for reducing illness acuity and improving patient satisfaction with services, and weak strength of evidence for improving personal functioning in studies published to date. Most programs delivered multiple service types, and no clear pattern of service types leading to specific patient outcomes could be discerned.Conclusions.Although evidence published to date for personalised support is of variable quality, it suggests that services may be effective. More research on the effects of personalised support subtypes on patient outcomes is required.
Crystal structure of the central axis DF complex of the prokaryotic V-ATPase
Authors: Saijo Shinya , Arai Satoshi , Hossain K. M. Mozaffor , Yamato Ichiro , Suzuki Kano , Kakinuma Yoshimi , Ishizuka-Katsura Yoshiko , Ohsawa Noboru , Terada Takaho , Shirouzu Mikako , Yokoyama Shigeyuki , Iwata So , Murata Takeshi 
Published: November 2011

V-ATPases function as ATP-dependent ion pumps in various membrane systems of living organisms. ATP hydrolysis causes rotation of the central rotor complex, which is composed of the central axis D subunit and a membrane c ring that are connected by F and d subunits. Here we determined the crystal structure of the DF complex of the prokaryotic V-ATPase of
Enterococcus hirae
at 2.0-Å resolution. The structure of the D subunit comprised a long left-handed coiled coil with a unique short β-hairpin region that is effective in stimulating the ATPase activity of V
1
-ATPase by twofold. The F subunit is bound to the middle portion of the D subunit. The C-terminal helix of the F subunit, which was believed to function as a regulatory region by extending into the catalytic A
3
B
3
complex, contributes to tight binding to the D subunit by forming a three-helix bundle. Both D and F subunits are necessary to bind the d subunit that links to the c ring. From these findings, we modeled the entire rotor complex (DFdc ring) of V-ATPase.