bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Intragam® P Haemolysis Adverse Events
Authors: Isbister James , Hogan Chris , Wood Erica , Wilson Fiona , Maher Darryl 
Published: September 2010

Aim  To understand the underlying cause of a cluster of haemolysis‐type adverse event (AE) reports received by CSL/ARCBS in patients receiving Intragam® P.Method  The cluster of AE reports were analysed with respect to patient factors (clinical indication, dose, blood group, concomitant medications and blood products, bone marrow reserve), product factors (batch results, production records) and changes in clinical practice (administration protocols, infusion kits). All Intragam P haemolysis related AEs from clinical trials and post‐marketing exposure were reviewed, as well as international literature on this subject.Result Sixteen haemolysis type cases were reported to ARCBS/CSL over a 3 month period, ranging from abnormal laboratory test results (positive Coombs test) to clinical symptoms requiring transfusion. Ten of these reports were received in 4 days from 2 Victorian hospitals following the detection of 2 cases, which precipitated a retrospective review that identified additional similar cases. All patients received high dose (doses exceeding 400–600 mg/kg given every 3–4 weeks either in frequency or quantity) and all but one (where evidence suggested an underlying disorder) were of blood group A or AB. Eight patients were recipients of bone marrow transplants. No product or batch related factors or processes likely to have contributed to the haemolysis type AEs were identified. Anti‐A and Anti‐B titres of all Intragam P batches were investigated and confirmed to be within regulatory approved release specifications and pharmacopoeial limits.Conclusion  Haemolysis type adverse events are a recognised consequence of IVIG administration and are widely discussed in the literature. This investigation has confirmed the association of high dose IVIG in recipients of blood group A or AB and increased risk of haemolysis type adverse events. It also highlighted the possibility of accentuating any consequent anaemia in patients with diminished bone marrow reserve (eg post bone marrow transplant patients). Pre‐infusion ABO blood groups should be determined in patients receiving high dose IVIG and their haemoglobin levels monitored in the days following therapy.
The Western Australian Experience with a Register of Atypical Antibodies.
Authors: Lariat Susan , Fisher Brian 
Published: September 2010

Since 1980 a register of all blood donors and patients in Western Australia (WA) with clinically significant red cell and platelet antibodies has been maintained by the Blood Group Reference Laboratory, Australian Red Cross Blood Service (ARCBS)‐Enterprise. The register is updated by ARCBS daily, and prior to 1999 a microfiche version was sent each month to WA transfusion laboratories. In 1999 ARCBS‐Enterprise and the Health Department of WA (HDWA) explored the option of transfusion laboratories in public hospitals obtaining immediate electronic access to the register. A secure telnet radio‐link was established between a dedicated stand‐alone ARCBS server and the HDWA computer network which allowed password protected enquiry‐only access to the database by hospital end‐users. All end‐users are required to sign an agreement to guarantee proper use of the register. The use of this comprehensive database has been successfully incorporated into the pre‐transfusion testing protocols of all transfusion laboratories in WA. The benefits of this system include:• Reduced delay in obtaining phenotyped units for patients with known antibodies.• Reduced chance of delayed transfusion reactions in patients whose antibody level has fallen below detectable levels.• A mechanism for ante‐natal monitoring and predicting severity of haemolytic disease of the newborn when patients move between care providers during the pregnancy.ARCBS‐Enterprise and end‐users are passionate about the continuation of this extremely important resource in the future.
Refrigeration Failures – Bringing the Problem in from the Cold
Authors: Waters Neil , Wood Erica , Forsyth Malcolm 
Published: September 2010

Aim  Review of four failures of refrigeration facilities in Victorian institutional blood banks reported to ARCBS in the first 4 months of 2004. These incidents at both public and private institutions, in metropolitan and regional settings, resulted in loss of 148 units of red cells, 7 vials of RhD Ig and 2 bottles of Albumex. Incidents were investigated and root causes identified by initial phone interview and visits to blood bank storage facilities.Result  Case 1: Temperature fell below 0 °C at remote site, alarm was activated at monitoring centre (main lab) but without response. Case 2: Power failure resulted in rise in temperature. Alarm did not activate until power was restored. Alarms were set outside required storage temperatures. Case 3: Circuit failure resulted in loss of power. Alarm was activated, but then switched off and no further action taken. Case 4: Compressor failure resulted in alarm activation. Alarm and monitoring devices were deactivated while repairs carried out. Product was not moved to other storage facilities. These cases all highlight the importance of procedures, training, equipment and maintenance.Conclusion  Losses of precious blood components and products through refrigeration failures are preventable. Vital improvements should include commissioning refrigeration equipment that meets AS 3864, protocol development and staff training in use of procedures to be followed when out of temperature events occur, and performance of regular preventative maintenance, calibration and testing of storage and monitoring equipment. ARCBS can work with institutional blood banks to improve storage and management of blood.
Microbial Contamination in Cord Blood (CB): A Retrospective Analysis of Three Test Protocols
Authors: Mison Leigh , Goodear April , Vowels Marcus 
Published: September 2010

Aim  Since 1995, the SCBB has used three protocols to screen CB for contaminating microbes. The protocols differed in the number of culture bottles inoculated and sample volume used. The aim of this study was to compare microbial detection rates for each method.Method  CB units (n = 9,618) were tested for microbial contamination using BacT/ALERT blood culture bottles (BioMerieux). Of these, 6,836 had 20 ml plasma waste fraction inoculated into adult anaerobic and aerobic bottles (Group A), 365 had 1 ml final stem cell product into an aerobic paediatric bottle (Group B), and 2,417 had 1 ml final product into a paediatric bottle and 10 ml plasma waste fraction into an adult anaerobic bottle (Group C). All bottles were incubated for a minimum of 5 days. Detection rates for microbe contamination were calculated for each group.Result  Microbe detection rates were: Group A –345/6836 (5.0%), Group B – 3/365 (0.8%) and Group C – 66/2417 (2.7%)(p < 0.0001). Organisms detected by A but not by B (and to a lesser extent C) included Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Bacteroides and Proprionibacterium.Conclusion  Contamination detection rates differ significantly, depending upon the sample volume and type of culture bottle used. A protocol that uses the recommended sample volume and both anaerobic and anaerobic test bottles is likely to detect the highest number of contaminated units. Testing of a small sample from the final product using only a single paediatric aerobic bottle is likely to miss detection of the majority of anaerobic and some aerobic organisms. Prospective studies to define a standardised method for microbial detection for CB are required.
Virus Neutralizing Antibodies Against a Panel of 18 BVDV Isolates in Calves Vaccinated with Rispoval™RS‐BVD
Authors: Hamers C. , Valentin E. Di , Lecomte C. , Lambot M. , Joris E. , Genicot B. , Pastoret P.‐P. 
Published: September 2010

SummarySeven of nine colostrum‐deprived calves, free from infection with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV), were vaccinated with Rispoval™RS‐BVD on two occasions, 21 days apart, while the other two were kept as BVDV infection controls. The virus neutralizing (VN) serum antibodies induced by vaccination were tested for their ability to neutralize 18 European BVDV isolates, including laboratory reference strains and recent field isolates, both cytopathic and non‐cytopathic biotypes as well as genotypes I and II. The strains were isolated in Belgium, France, Germany and the United Kingdom. While there were large variations in the vaccine‐induced VN titres of the individual calves against all the strains, e.g. the titres against Osloss NCP, the European reference strain ranged from 1.7 to 6.7 (1 : log2), serum from each animal was capable of neutralizing between nine and all 18 of the strains tested. Nevertheless, from the results of this study, it can be concluded that in colostrum‐deprived BVDV seronegative calves, Rispoval™RS‐BVD can stimulate the production of VN antibodies capable of neutralizing a wide range of antigenically diverse European isolates of BVDV, including genotypes I and II.
Epidemiology of OvineCampylobacterInfection Determined by Numerical Analysis of Electrophoretic Protein Profiles
Authors: Diker K. S. , Esendal O. M. , Akan M. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe relationship of 50Campylobacterstrains isolated from aborted ovine foetuses, and the faeces of sheep, cattle and chickens were determined by numerical analysis of electrophoretic (SDS‐PAGE) protein profiles. Comparison of protein patterns by numerical methods revealed differences betweenC. fetusssp.fetus,C. jejuni, andC. colistrains as well as heterogeneity among isolates from different outbreaks. Isolates from each farm produced a distinct cluster and flocks from different locations were found to be infected with relatively different strains. In most cases, protein patterns of ovine foetal isolates were very similar to those of ovine faecal isolates. Ovine isolates ofC. fetusssp.fetus,C. jejuniandC. coligave similar protein patterns to the correspondingCampylobacterspecies isolated from cattle or chicken, on the same farm. Thus, it was concluded that certain protein types of ovineCampylobacterstrains were more likely associated with local areas, andCampylobacterstrains causing ovine abortions are distributed in the environment more widely than assumed to date.
Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Lambs Experimentally Infected with Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma bovis
Authors: Ferreras M. C. , García‐Ilesias M. J. , Manga‐González M. Y. , Pérez‐Martínez C. , Mizinska Y. , Ramajo V. , González‐Lanza M. C. , Escudero A. , García‐Marín J. F. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the cross‐resistance between Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma bovis in lambs assessing parasitologic, gross pathologic, histopathologic and immunohistochemical changes in liver and small intestine. Thirty Castellana breed lambs were divided into five comparable groups and exposed to F. hepatica/S. bovis (group F/S), S. bovis/F. hepatica (group S/F), S. bovis (group S) or F. hepatica (group F) and six unexposed lambs were used as non‐infected controls (group C). Primary patent infection with F. hepatica induced a lower number of schistosome eggs and a higher number of lymphocytes in intestinal and liver schistosome egg‐induced granulomas in group F/S than in the groups S/F and S, liver damage being mainly attributed to F. hepatica. S. bovis infection followed by challenge with F. hepatica particularly increased the severity of the most significant liver alterations (cholangiohepatitis by F. hepatica and mesoendophlebitis by S. bovis) and F. hepatica seemed not to have an influence on established S. bovis infection. In addition, immunohistochemical results suggested that the predominant local immune response in both double‐infected groups was different, being mainly a cell‐mediated immune response in group F/S and a mucosal response in group S/F.
Symptom burden in inflammatory bowel disease: Rethinking conceptual and theoretical underpinnings
Authors: Farrell Dawn , Savage Eileen 
Published: September 2010

Farrell D, Savage E. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 437–442 Symptom burden in inflammatory bowel disease: Rethinking conceptual and theoretical underpinningsSymptom control is fundamental to the nursing management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, symptom control can be problematic for individuals with IBD, which could result in symptom burden. Symptom burden is an evolving concept in the discipline of nursing and to date little is known about how the defining characteristics of this concept have been applied to symptom research in IBD. In this discussion paper, the concept of symptom burden and the theory of unpleasant symptoms are explored as a basis for understanding symptom research in IBD. This is followed by a critical examination of previous symptom research in IBD. Our conclusion is that there is a need to rethink conceptual and theoretical underpinnings of symptom burden when researching IBD to take account of its defining characteristics, namely symptom severity, frequency and duration, quality and distress. Research knowledge on these defining characteristics will be important to inform nursing assessment of symptom burden in clinical practice.
Effect of foot massage to decrease physiological lower leg oedema in late pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial in Turkey
Authors: Çoban Ayden , Şirin Ahsen 
Published: September 2010

Çoban A, Şirin A. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 454–460 Effect of foot massage to decrease physiological lower leg oedema in late pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial in TurkeyThis study aims to evaluate the effect of foot massage for decreasing physiological lower leg oedema in late pregnancy. Eighty pregnant women were randomly divided into two groups; study group had a 20 min foot massage daily for 5 days whereas the control group did not receive any intervention beyond standard prenatal care. The research was conducted between March and August 2007 in Manisa Province Health Ministry Central Primary Health Care Clinic 1, in Manisa, Western Turkey. Compared with the control group, women in the experimental group had a significantly smaller lower leg circumference (right and left, ankle, instep and metatarsal–phalanges joint) after 5 days of massage. The results obtained from our research show that foot massage was found to have a positive effect on decreasing normal physiological lower leg oedema in late pregnancy.
Evaluation of the implementation of Assistant in Nursing workforce in haemodialysis units
Authors: Chow Josephine , Miguel Susana San 
Published: September 2010

Chow J, Miguel SS. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 484–491 Evaluation of the implementation of Assistant in Nursing workforce in haemodialysis unitsThe aim of this project was to evaluate the introduction of Assistant in Nursing (AINs) in the haemodialysis units at a major tertiary Area Health Service in Sydney, Australia. All nursing staff were asked to complete a baseline and follow‐up survey to determine changes to their attitudes to the new skill mix model and their satisfaction with the new organization of care delivery in their dialysis units. Comparison of the baseline and follow‐up surveys in the paired data was favourable with nurses acknowledging that they would cope well with the introduction of AINs, and they were more likely to disagree with the statement that their workload would increase after the introduction of AINs in the follow‐up survey. There was little difference in (i) the workload of the dialysis units before and during the intervention; and (ii) the incidence of patient and nursed related adverse outcome events.
Comparison between ambulatory infusion mode and inpatient infusion mode from the perspective of quality of life among colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Lee Yik M , Hung Yuk K , Mo Frankie KF , Ho Wing M 
Published: September 2010

Lee YM, Hung YK, Mo FKF, Ho WM. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 508–516 Comparison between ambulatory infusion mode and inpatient infusion mode from the perspective of quality of life among colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapyFolfox and Folfiri are active chemotherapy treatments used in advanced colorectal cancer. The total admission for these treatments has been significantly increasing in the study hospital. An ambulatory infusion programme was launched to address the problems of long waiting list and bed shortage. The study objective was to compare the quality of life between patients receiving the chemotherapy treatments in the ambulatory infusion group and the inpatient infusion group. The results showed that some demographic variables of education level, family role and employment status were determinants of the treatment mode. Patients in the ambulatory infusion group of social and global domains performed better than the inpatient group. However, the inpatient group had better quality of life of nauseated symptom at different stages. Some nursing educations should be reinforced to address the symptom management for patients receiving ambulatory infusion at home. The ambulatory infusion programme offered considerable quality of life benefits to colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
Developing country health in a developed country: Personal perspectives
Authors: Azzopardi Peter , Gray Natalie 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this personal reflective piece we share the journeys that have led to us working in international and Indigenous health. While relatively new to the field, we have enjoyed varied clinical and public health work, both with Aboriginal communities and overseas. We have observed the similarities in delivering health care in these settings, and also the similarities in policy and programming. Just as our experiences have been complementary, we feel Indigenous health and International health can teach & learn from each other.
Type 2 diabetes in Indigenous Australian children and adolescents
Authors: Maple‐Brown Louise J , Sinha Ashim K , Davis Elizabeth A 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRates of type 2 diabetes are higher among Indigenous than non‐Indigenous Australian children and adolescents. Presentation may be incidental, part of obesity investigation, symptomatic (polyuria and polydipsia) or in ketoacidosis. Investigation should include assessment of fasting insulin, c‐peptide and autoantibodies, as well as assessment of diabetes complications and co‐morbidities. Management is a challenge, particularly in a resource‐limited setting. Management should involve the whole family and, in some cases, extended family, and community, local health‐care providers are key, and a multidisciplinary team approach is essential. The primary initial intervention involves life‐style change, but medications (oral and insulin) are frequently necessary. Screening of high‐risk individuals is recommended. Waist circumference is a key component of risk assessment. Prevention strategies targeting children and adolescents from this high‐risk population are urgently required.
Hygiene improvement: Essential to improving child health in remote Aboriginal communities
Authors: McDonald Elizabeth , Bailie Ross 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt is generally recognised that poor living conditions and poor hygiene underlie the high burden of infection experienced by Indigenous (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander) children living in remote communities. There has been little research on this topic. Taking an ecological approach, our study aimed to identify the key factors contributing to poor hygiene in one remote Aboriginal community and to determine appropriate approaches for improving hygiene and reducing the burden of infection among children. Key findings include that multifaceted interventions are required to ensure that household water and sanitation technology are functional, hygiene behaviour change is achieved and environments that enable good hygiene behaviour are created. Many of the factors contributing to the problem of poor living conditions and poor hygiene in these communities are outside the control of the health system. Intersectoral collaboration and action is required to identify acceptable, effective and sustainable solutions.
Indigenous child health in New Zealand: Some surgical issues
Authors: Koea Jonathan B , Beban Grant R 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNew Zealand Maori make up nearly 15% of the population of New Zealand, and their population has increased significantly in the last 20 years. Because of this, the average age of Maori is only 22.7 years with 35% of Maori aged 15 years or less. In spite of this youthful profile, the Maori population has high health needs with trauma, ear disease, respiratory disease and infectious diseases as significant causes of hospitalisation and death. The role of surgery in the management of three potentially preventable but significant health issues affecting Maori children – trauma, cutaneous sepsis (cellulitis and superficial abscess) and obesity – is reviewed.
Factors affecting improved glycaemic control in youth using insulin pumps
Authors: Wilkinson J. , McFann K. , Chase H. P. 
Published: September 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1174–1177 (2010)AbstractAims  The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors associated with insulin pump therapy resulting in lower HbA1c levels in young people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.Methods  Insulin pumps were downloaded from 150 youth (81 male), ages 5–20 years. Consecutive insulin pump downloads, 3 months apart, were available for 85 (43 male) of the 150 youth and changes in pump use were correlated with changes (≥ 0.5%, ≥ 6 mmol/mol) in HbA1c levels.Results  Using cross‐sectional data, lower HbA1c values correlated with use of more frequent daily insulin boluses (r = –0.46, P < 0.0001) and more frequent blood glucose checks/day (r = –0.35, P < 0.0001). Young people with HbA1c levels < 7.5% (58 mmol/mol) vs. values of 7.5–9.0% (58‐75 mmol/mol) or ≥ 9.0% (75 mmol/mol) tested blood glucose more frequently/day (P < 0.0001), bolused more frequently/day (P < 0.0001), reported more grams of carbohydrates eaten/day (P < 0.05) and had a higher per cent bolus insulin/day (P < 0.05) compared with the ≥ 9.0% of youth. Using longitudinal data, 48 of 85 patients had a change in HbA1c level of ≥ 0.5% (6 mmol/mol) between downloads (24 improved). Increased bolus insulin (OR = 1.15, P = 0.03) and time of temporary basal rate use (OR = 1.017, P = 0.01) predicted ≥ 0.5% (6 mmol/mol) decrease in HbA1c in logistic regression.Conclusions  This study emphasizes the importance of blood glucose testing, of bolus insulin administration and of an increase in the time of temporary basal rate use in relation to improving glycaemic control.
A method for broad spectrum classification of sunscreens
Authors: DIFFEY B.L. 
Published: September 2010

SynopsisA method is described and evaluated for classifying sunscreen products into different broad spectrum categories. The method is based on spectrophotometric analysis of products applied to a suitable substrate and obviates the need for human or animal studies utilizing clinical endpoints which may be of dubious value in relation to protection from sun exposure. The absorbance spectrum obtained by spectrophotometric assay is reduced to a single index by determining that wavelength λc where the area under the spectrum from 290 nm (the approximate lower wavelength limit of terrestrial sunlight) to λc is 90% of the integral of the absorbance spectrum from 290 to 400 nm. A five‐point scale is used to classify products as follows:The method makes no underlying assumptions about the form of action spectra for either acute or chronic photobiological damage. However, acknowledgement is made of the fact that the efficiency of ultraviolet radiation to induce a given photobiological endpoint tends to decrease with increasing wavelength by adopting wavelength intervals for classifying the Broad Spectrum Rating which increase in an approximately logarithmic manner.