bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tranexamic acid in total knee replacement
Authors: Alshryda S. , Sarda P. , Sukeik M. , Nargol A. , Blenkinsopp J. , Mason J. M. 
Published: December 2011

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials evaluating the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) upon blood loss and transfusion in primary total knee replacement. The review used the generic evaluation tool designed by the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group. A total of 19 trials were eligible: 18 used intravenous administration, one also evaluated oral dosing and one trial evaluated topical use. TXA led to a significant reduction in the proportion of patients requiring blood transfusion (risk ratio (RR) 2.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1 to 3.1, p < 0.001; heterogeneity I2= 75%; 14 trials, 824 patients). Using TXA also reduced total blood loss by a mean of 591 ml (95% CI 536 to 647, p < 0.001; I2= 78%; nine trials, 763 patients). The clinical interpretation of these findings is limited by substantial heterogeneity. However, subgroup analysis of high-dose (> 4 g) TXA showed a plausible consistent reduction in blood transfusion requirements (RR 5.33; 95% CI 2.44 to 11.65, p < 0.001; I2= 0%), a finding that should be confirmed by a further well-designed trial. The current evidence from trials does not support an increased risk of deep-vein thrombosis (13 trials, 801 patients) or pulmonary embolism (18 trials, 971 patients) due to TXA administration.
Severe crouch gait in spastic diplegia can be prevented
Authors: Vuillermin C. , Rodda J. , Rutz E. , Shore B. J. , Smith K. , Graham H. K. 
Published: December 2011

We studied the prevalence of severe crouch gait over a 15-year period in a defined population of children with spastic diplegia and Gross Motor Function Classification System levels II and III, to determine if there had been a decrease following changes to the management of equinus gait. These changes were replacing observational with three-dimensional gait analysis, replacing single level with multilevel surgery, and replacing gastrocsoleus lengthening with gastrocnemius recession. Of 464 children and adolescents with spastic diplegia who underwent three-dimensional gait analysis, 27 had severe crouch gait. Seventeen of these had been managed by isolated lengthening of the gastrocsoleus. Following changes in the management of equinus gait, the prevalence of severe crouch gait decreased from 25% and stabilised at a significantly lower rate, fluctuating between 0% and 4% annually (p < 0.001). We conclude that severe crouch gait in this population was precipitated by isolated lengthening of the gastrocsoleus. These findings may be relevant to other surgical populations, as severe crouch gait may be a useful way to monitor the quality of the surgical management of abnormal gait in children with cerebral palsy and spastic diplegia.
A Comparison of the Acute Stress Reactions between the Han and Tibetan Ethnic Groups in Responding to Devastating Earthquakes
Authors: Xu Jiajun , Zhang Yangyang , Chan Joanna , Li Na , Yang Yanchuan , Li Jing 
Published: December 2011

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether there were differences in the acute stress reaction (ASR) between the Tibetan and the Han ethnic groups after experiencing devastating earthquakes. Methods: One hundred twelve Han survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake and 112 Tibetan survivors of the Yushu earthquake were rated using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C) according to their trauma experiences, ages, genders, severity levels of injuries, and medical services received. Results: Injured Tibetans had lower scores across symptom clusters of avoidance, numbing, and the total score of PCL-C as compared to Hans. Among Tibetans, severe ASR was associated with a higher education level and earthquake experience, whereas only earthquake experience was associated with severe ASR among injured Hans. Conclusion: Cultural factors may play significant roles in the acute stress reaction of survivors with different cultural backgrounds following an earthquake.
Pictorial essay: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Agarwal Ritesh , Khan Ajmal , Garg Mandeep , Aggarwal Ashutosh N , Gupta Dheeraj 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAllergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is the best-known allergic manifestation of Aspergillus-related hypersensitivity pulmonary disorders. Most patients present with poorly controlled asthma, and the diagnosis can be made on the basis of a combination of clinical, immunological, and radiological findings. The chest radiographic findings are generally nonspecific, although the manifestations of mucoid impaction of the bronchi suggest a diagnosis of ABPA. High-resolution CT scan (HRCT) of the chest has replaced bronchography as the initial investigation of choice in ABPA. HRCT of the chest can be normal in almost one-third of the patients, and at this stage it is referred to as serologic ABPA (ABPA-S). The importance of central bronchiectasis (CB) as a specific finding in ABPA is debatable, as almost 40% of the lobes are involved by peripheral bronchiectasis. High-attenuation mucus (HAM), encountered in 20% of patients with ABPA, is pathognomonic of ABPA. ABPA should be classified based on the presence or absence of HAM as ABPA-S (mild), ABPA-CB (moderate), and ABPA-CB-HAM (severe), as this classification not only reflects immunological severity but also predicts the risk of recurrent relapses.
Management of empyema of gallbladder with percutaneous cholecysto-duodenal stenting in a case of hilar cholangiocarcinoma treated with common bile duct metallic stenting
Authors: Kumar Sheo , Sharma Pankaj , Muthu Ramesh , Mohakund Sudipta 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEmpyema of the gallbladder develops when the gallbladder neck is obstructed in the presence of infection, preventing pus from draining via the cystic duct. Treatment options include cholecystectomy or, in patients with comorbidities, drainage via percutaneous cholecystostomy, later followed by cholecystectomy. Here, we describe a 59-year-old man who presented with complaints of recurrent hiccups and was found to have cholangiocarcinoma causing obstruction to cystic duct drainage. The patient was managed successfully by percutaneous transhepatic cholecysto-duodenal self-expandable covered metal stent.
FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF NYLON 66/POLYESTER HYBRID CORDS
Authors: Aytaç Ayşe , Yilmaz Berrin , Deniz Veli 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In this study, the fatigue and mechanical properties of Nylon 66/Polyester (Ny 66/PET) hybrid cords and Ny 66 and polyester reference cords which are being used in tire industry were studied. The most effective parameters and the optimum twist levels were determined for the fatigue performance of Ny 66/PET hybrid cords. Taguchi design of experiment method is used to minimize the required number of experiments. Different sets of nylon and PET reference cords were prepared in order to make a comparison of fatigue performance. The selected process parameters for Taguchi experimental analysis were Ny 66, PET, and cable ply twist levels. The effects of the selected parameters were investigated. It was found that the most effective factor was cable twist level and better fatigue resistance for hybrid cords with high cable and PET ply twist level can be obtained.
CARBON BLACK FOR RACING AND MOTORCYCLE TIRE TREADS. PERFORMANCE MODEL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Yurovska Irene S. , Morris Michael D. , Al Theo 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Racing tires and motorcycle tires present individual segments of the tire market. For instance, while the average life of car and truck tires is 50 000 miles, the average life of race tires is 100 miles. Because tires play a critical role in a race, technical demands to assure safety and performance are growing. Similarly, tires have a large influence on safety, handling/grip, and performance of the rapidly growing world fleet of motorcycles, due to the fact of only two wheels being in contact with the ground. Thus, the common feature of both market segments is that the typical tire compromise of wear, rolling resistance, and traction is strongly weighted toward traction. Most of the recent efforts of rubber scientists have been directed toward lowering rolling resistance of the tread compounds, which left a certain void in the science of compounding for racing and motorcycle treads. Particularly, the industrial assortment of polymers and fillers used for motorcycle treads is commonly different from that used for car or truck treads, but it is not known how the filler properties affect the hysteresis–stiffness compromise. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of the carbon black characteristics on the important properties of a typical racing and motorcycle tire tread compound. More than 50 individual carbon blacks were mixed in a SBR formulation. The acquired data were statistically analyzed, and a linear multiple regression model was developed to relate rubber properties (responses), such as static modulus, complex dynamic modulus, hysteresis, and viscosity to the key carbon black characteristics (variables) of surface area, structure, aggregate size distribution, and surface activity. Prediction profiles created from the model demonstrate rubber performance limits for the range of carbon blacks tested, and indicate the niches to provide required combinations of the rubber properties.
Metabolic syndrome in an Hispanic population–cardiovascular complications
Authors: Altieri Pablo I. , Figueroa Yolanda , Banchs Héctor L. , Hernández-Gil de Lamadrid José , Escobales Nelson , Crespo María J. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is presently one of the main medical problems in developing countries. This syndrome was studied in Puerto Rico at the Cardiovascular Center of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean with emphasis on understanding the cardiovascular complications.
The medical records of patients admitted between 1999 to 2005 were evaluated for three or more MetS diagnostic criteria.
One hundred and seventy-three patients met the consensus criteria of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The mean age of those diagnosed with MetS was 60 years of age. Fifty-seven percent were males and 42 percent females. The mean body mass was 30 kg/m. The ejection fraction was found to be subnormal ( 49±8%) and the end systolic dimension of the left atrium was increased ( 45±10 mm) in comparison to a group of diabetic patients without MetS used for comparison. The incidence of atrial fibrillation was found to be 16% higher in the MetS group than in the comparison group.
The number of cases of metabolic syndrome recorded within the Hispanic population of Puerto Rico showed a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation without ventricular tachycardia. This is thought to be as a result of the abnormal left ventricular and atrial function.
Indium‐Catalyzed Reductive Esterification of a Carboxylic Acid: Sequential Preparation of an Ester and Symmetrical Ether
Authors: Sakai Norio , Usui Yuta , Ikeda Reiko , Konakahara Takeo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn unprecedented reductive dimerization of two carboxylic acids to produce ester derivatives by a combination catalyst involving InBr3 and sulfuric acid is described. A sequential conversion of the in‐situ formed ester to a symmetrical ether by indium‐catalyzed deoxygenation of the ester with a hydrosilane in the same pot was also demonstrated.
Highly Enantioselective Phase‐Transfer Catalytic α‐Alkylation of α‐tert‐Butoxycarbonyllactams: Construction of β‐Quaternary Chiral Pyrrolidine and Piperidine Systems
Authors: Park Yohan , Lee Young Ju , Hong Suckchang , Kim Mi‐hyun , Lee Myungmo , Kim Taek‐Soo , Lee Jae Kyun , Jew Sang‐sup , Park Hyeung‐geun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new enantioselective α‐alkylation of α‐tert‐butoxycarbonyllactams for the construction of β‐quaternary chiral pyrrolidine and piperidine core systems is reported. α‐Alkylations of N‐methyl‐α‐tert‐butoxycarbonylbutyrolactam and N‐diphenylmethyl‐α‐tert‐butoxycarbonylvalerolactam under phase‐transfer catalytic conditions (solid potassium hydroxide, toluene, −40 °C) in the presence of (S,S)‐3,4,5‐trifluorophenyl‐3,3′,5,5′‐tetrahydro‐2,6‐bis(3,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)‐4,4′‐spirobi[4H‐dinaphth[2,1‐c:1′,2′‐e]azepinium] bromide [(S,S)‐NAS Br] (5 mol%) afforded the corresponding α‐alkyl‐α‐tert‐butoxycarbonyllactams in very high chemical (up to 99%) and optical yields (up to 98% ee). Our new catalytic systems provide attractive synthetic methods for pyrrolidine‐ and piperidine‐based alkaloids and chiral intermediates with β‐quaternary carbon centers.
Bioenergie aus Knöterich und Kuhmist
Authors: Wienert Patricia , Nerdel Claudia 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob sich der Japanische Staudenknöterich (Fallopia japonica), ein starkwüchsiger Neophyt unserer Breiten im Vergleich zum Mais als Energiepflanze eignet. Dazu wurden oberirdisch geerntete Pflanzenteile zerkleinert, in einem Biogasertragstest vergoren und die dabei entstandenen Methanmengen ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Fallopia japonica zu Mais vergleichbare Werte im Methanertrag liefert und damit durchaus eine alternative Energiepflanze zu letzterem darstellen kann. Auf diese Weise ließe sich ein Schädling eindämmen sowie ökologisch und ökonomisch effizient nutzen. Diese Untersuchung wurden im Rahmen des Schülerwettbewerbs der Siemens‐Stiftung durchgeführt und prämiert.
Exkursion in Rheinland‐Pfalz: An Nahe und Mosel
Authors: Petrischak Hannes 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDie Täler der Nahe und der Mosel bieten im Regenschatten von Hunsrück und Eifel zahlreichen Tier‐ und Pflanzenarten Lebensraum, die an trockenwarme, magere Standorte angepasst sind. An den Prallhängen beider Flüsse stehen vielfach mächtige Felswände, an denen Pflanzen mediterraner oder pontischer Herkunft wachsen. Das Mosaik aus Weinbergen, Weinbergsbrachen, Trockenrasen, Trockengebüschen, Waldrändern und insbesondere an der Nahe noch naturnahen Uferzonen bedingt einen außergewöhnlichen Artenreichtum. Bekannt sind die Flusstäler für die Reliktvorkommen zahlreicher Tierarten in diesen Regionen, vor allem Mosel‐Apollofalter (Parnassius apollo vinningensis), Westliche Smaragdeidechse (Lacerta bilineata), Steppen‐Sattelschrecke (Ephippiger ephippiger vitium) und Würfelnatter (Natrix tessellata).
Viren nutzen Plastidennetzwerk
Authors: Krupinska Karin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPflanzenviren können zu enormen Ernteverlusten in der Landwirtschaft führen. Die von Viren befallenen Pflanzen zeigen oft Farbveränderungen an Blättern, Blüten und Früchten und sterben bei starkem Befall ab. Zur Vermeidung von Verlusten und Qualitätsminderungen bei der Pflanzenproduktion ist es wichtig zu verstehen, wie Viren sich in der Pflanze vermehren und ausbreiten. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Viren die Stromuli, mit denen die Plastiden Brücken im Netzwerk der Zelle bilden, für ihre Zwecke nutzen.
Schnittherstellung mit dem Mikrotom
Authors: Schrödel Andrea 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFür die mikroskopische Untersuchung von Gewebeproben müssen diese nach Fixierung in hauchdünnen Schnitten auf Objektträgern aufgezogen werden. Hierfür eignet sich beispielsweise das Verfahren der Paraffin‐Einbettung. Dabei wird das im Gewebe befindliche Wasser in mehreren Schritten durch Paraffin ersetzt. Paraffin ist chemisch inaktiv und unbegrenzt haltbar. Bei Zimmertemperatur ist Paraffin fest und schmilzt erst bei ca. 60°C. Aus in Paraffin eingebetteten Gewebeschnitten lassen sich mit einem speziellen Gerät, dem Mikrotom, Schnitte von nur wenigen μm Dicke herstellen.
A generic hierarchical screening method for the analysis of microscale refolds using an automated robotic platform
Authors: Ordidge Gemma C. , Mannall Gareth , Liddell John , Dalby Paul A. , Micheletti Martina 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe refolding of protein derived from inclusion bodies is often characterized by low yields of active protein. The optimization of the refolding step is achieved empirically and consequently is time‐consuming slowing process development. An automated robotic platform has been used to develop a dilution refold process‐screening platform upon which a hierarchical set of assays rapidly determine optimal refolding conditions at the microscale. This hierarchy allows the simplest, cheapest, and most generic high‐throughput assays to first screen for a smaller subset of potentially high‐yielding conditions to take forward for analysis by slower, more expensive, or protein specific assays, thus saving resources whilst maximizing information output. An absorbance assay was used to initially screen out aggregating conditions, followed by an intrinsic fluorescence assay of the soluble protein to identify the presence of native‐like tertiary structure, which was then confirmed by an activity assay. Results show that fluorescence can be used in conjunction with absorbance to eliminate low‐yielding conditions, leaving a significantly reduced set of conditions from which the highest yielding ones can then be identified with slower and often more costly activity or RP‐HPLC assays, thus reducing bottlenecks in high‐throughput analysis. The microwell‐based automated process sequence with generic hierarchical assays was also used to study and minimize the effect on redox potential or misfolding, of oxygenation due to agitation, before demonstrating that the platform can be used to rapidly collect data and evaluate different refolding conditions to speed up the acquisition of process development data in a resource efficient manner. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Gel Formulation Containing Mixed Surfactant and Lipids Associating with Carboplatin
Authors: Woll Kellie A. , Schuchardt Elie J. , Willis Claire R. , Ortengren Christopher D. , Hendricks Noah , Johnson Mitch , Gaidamauskas Ernestas , Baruah Bharat , Sostarecz Audra G. , Worley Deanna R. , Osborne David W. , Crans Debbie C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe interaction of amphiphilic molecules such as lipids and surfactants with the hydrophilic drug carboplatin was investigated to identify suitable self‐assembling components for a potential gel‐based delivery formulation. 1H‐NMR Studies in sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (aerosol‐OT, AOT)‐based reverse micelles show that carboplatin associates and at least partially penetrates the surfactant interface. Langmuir monolayers formed by dipalmitoyl(phosphatidyl)choline are penetrated by carboplatin. Carboplatin was found to also penetrate the more rigid monolayers containing cholesterol. A combined mixed surfactant gel formulation containing carboplatin and cholesterol for lymphatic tissue targeting was investigated for the intracavitary treatment of cancer. This formulation consists of a blend of the surfactants lecithin and AOT (1 : 3 ratio), an oil phase of isopropyl myristate, and an aqueous component. The phases of the system were defined within a pseudo‐ternary phase diagram. At low oil content, this formulation produces a gel‐like system over a wide range of H2O content. The carboplatin release from the formulation displays a prolonged discharge with a rate three to five times slower than that of the control. Rheological properties of the formulation exhibit pseudoplastic behavior. Microemulsion and Langmuir monolayer studies support the interactions between carboplatin and amphiphilic components used in this formulation. To target delivery of carboplatin, two formulations containing cholesterol were characterized. These two formulations with cholesterol showed that, although cholesterol does little to alter the phases in the pseudo‐ternary system or to increase the initial release of the drug, it contributes significantly to the structure of the formulation under physiological temperature, as well as increases the rate of steady‐state discharge of carboplatin.
A novel technique for renal stenting in the setting of type‐B aortic dissection
Authors: Yamashita Takehiro , Asai Hidetsugu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA type‐B acute aortic dissection patient required renal artery revascularization for renal artery stenosis resulting from the compression by a false lumen. Renal artery stenting was complicated by unclear opacification of the ostia resulting from the collapsed true lumen of both renal artery and aorta. The use of the “Szabo” technique facilitated this procedure by allowing us to position the stent edge precisely at the ostium. This is the first report of this technique utilized in this lesion subset. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Folding of Alternating Dialkylsilylene‐Spaced Donor–Acceptor Copolymers: The Oligomer Approach
Authors: Chen Chih‐Hsien , Chen Wen‐Hao , Liu Yi‐Hung , Lim Tsong‐Shin , Luh Tien‐Yau 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA series of oligmers with donor–acceptor pairs separated by diisopropylsilylene (iPr2Si) spacers, composed of monomer 4 b, dimer 5, trimer 6, and tetramer 7, were synthesized to scrutinize the folding behavior. Monomer 4 a with a dimethylsilylene (Me2Si) spacer was also prepared for comparison. The 4‐aminostyrene moiety was used as the donor and the stilbene moiety as the acceptor. Both steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopic measurement were made. Regardless of the substituents on the silicon atom, the emission spectra of 4 a and 4 b exhibit both local excited (LE) emission of the acceptor chromophore and emission from the charge‐separated state (CT emission), which are similar to that of the corresponding Me2Si‐spaced copolymer 2 a with the same donor and acceptor chromophores, but different from that of the copolymer with the iPr2Si spacer 2 b. Dimer 5 behaves like 4 and 2 a. As the chain length of the oligomers increases, the emission properties of the higher homologues become prone to that of 2 b. Thus, tetramer 7 exhibits emission from the charge‐transfer complex, which is essentially same as that of 2 b. Moreover, charge‐transfer absorptions emerge in 6 and 7. These results suggest that the folding nature of oligomers approaches that of the corresponding polymer, as the degree of oligomerization increases, and the electronic interactions between adjacent donor–acceptor pairs are controlled by the steric effect of the substituents on the silicon atoms and concomitant amplification of the stabilizing energy by extending the distance of the folding structure.