bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial and iron oxide aggregates mediate secondary iron mineral formation: green rust versus magnetite
Authors: ZEGEYE A. , MUSTIN C. , JORAND F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn the presence of methanoate as electron donor, Shewanella putrefaciens, a Gram‐negative, facultative anaerobe, is able to transform lepidocrocite (γ‐FeOOH) to secondary Fe (II–III) minerals such as carbonated green rust (GR1) and magnetite. When bacterial cells were added to a γ‐FeOOH suspension, aggregates were produced consisting of both bacteria and γ‐FeOOH particles. Recently, we showed that the production of secondary minerals (GR1 vs. magnetite) was dependent on bacterial cell density and not only on iron reduction rates. Thus, γ‐FeOOH and S. putrefaciens aggregation pattern was suggested as the main mechanism driving mineralization. In this study, lepidocrocite bioreduction experiments, in the presence of anthraquinone disulfonate, were conducted by varying the [cell]/[lepidocrocite] ratio in order to determine whether different types of aggregate are formed, which may facilitate precipitation of GR1 as opposed to magnetite. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to analyze the relative cell surface area and lepidocrocite concentration within the aggregates and captured images were characterized by statistical methods for spatial data (i.e. variograms). These results suggest that the [cell]/[lepidocrocite] ratio influenced both the aggregate structure and the nature of the secondary iron mineral formed. Subsequently, a [cell]/[lepidocrocite] ratio above 1 × 107 cells mmol−1 leads to densely packed aggregates and to the formation of GR1. Below this ratio, looser aggregates are formed and magnetite was systematically produced. The data presented in this study bring us closer to a more comprehensive understanding of the parameters governing the formation of minerals in dense bacterial suspensions and suggest that screening mineral–bacteria aggregate structure is critical to understanding (bio)mineralization pathways.
Surviving sepsis: a trust‐wide approach. A multi‐disciplinary team approach to implementing evidence‐based guidelines
Authors: Gerber Karin 
Published: April 2010

Aim: To share an experience of examining the true extent of the number of patients with severe sepsis being admitted, and the overall compliance with existing treatment guidelines in a district general hospital (DGH). Background: Because of its aggressive, multi‐factorial nature, sepsis is a rapid killer. Mortality associated with severe sepsis remains unacceptably high: 30–50%. When shock is present, mortality is reported to be even higher: 50–60%. The rapid diagnosis and management of sepsis is vital to successful treatment. The International Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) was developed to help meet the challenges of sepsis and to improve its management, diagnosis and treatment. The overall aim is to reduce mortality from sepsis by 25% by 2009. Data sources and methods: Data on the number of patients admitted with severe sepsis to the DGH were previously unknown. The aim of the baseline audits was to determine the true extent of the problem and baseline mortality rates, resulting in an action plan to provide evidence‐based care to patients with sepsis regardless of where in the hospital they were located. Results: It was found that 11% of the patients audited presented with signs of severe sepsis and demonstrated elements of poor compliance with some elements of existing treatment guidelines as set out by the resuscitation component of the Surviving Sepsis Care Bundle. Conclusion: As an international campaign introduced predominantly within critical care, within this DGH the SSC teams' innovative approach has resulted in:

Better educated staff;
Objectives agreed within multi‐disciplinary teams;
The appropriate assessment of resources;
Standardization of practice in terms of patients presenting with severe sepsis.
Development and In Situ Application of an Adjustable Aiming Device to Guide Extra‐ to Intraarticular Tibial Tunnel Drilling for the Insertion of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament in Dogs
Authors: Winkels Philipp , Werner Hinnerk , Grevel Vera , Oechtering Gerhard , Böttcher Peter 
Published: April 2010

Objective:To develop and test an arthroscopic aiming device for extra‐ to intraarticular tibial tunnel drilling emerging at the center of the tibial insertion (CenterTib) of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in medium to large breed dogs.Study Design:Descriptive experimental study.Sample Population:Fifty‐two cadaveric hind limbs of dogs ≥20 kg BW.Methods:The mediolateral position and craniocaudal position (ccPos) of CenterTib in relation to the caudomedial meniscotibial ligament were measured on photographs of 46 dissected tibial plateaus. The proximal tibial depth (TibDepth) was determined on lateral radiographs and its correlation with ccPos was assessed using linear regression analysis. Extra‐ to intraarticular arthroscopic tibial tunnel drilling was performed in 6 independent cadaveric stifles. A C‐guide with an adjustable craniocaudal offset was constructed and adjusted according to ccPos estimated based on TibDepth. The position of the resulting bone tunnels was compared with the position of the CenterTib.Results:Pearson's correlation between TibDepth and ccPos was strong (R=0.86;P<.001). ccPos (y) as a function of TibDepth (x) can be expressed as y=−4.8+0.3x. Arthroscopic tunnel drilling resulted in a median deviation of the drill tunnels around the CenterTib of 1 mm.Conclusion:The regression equation and aiming device permit localization and targeting of CenterTib during extra‐ to intraarticular tibial bone tunnel drilling in vitro.Clinical Relevance:The proposed technique may reduce tibial tunnel misplacement when performing intraarticular CCL repair using a tibial bone tunnel.
An Analysis of the Quality of Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease Information Available on the Internet
Authors: Taggart Ryan , Wardlaw Jennifer , Horstman Christopher L. , Mason David R. , Sidaway Brian , Havas Karyn 
Published: April 2010

Objective: To assess the quality of information available on the Internet pertaining to canine cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease.Study Design: Survey Study.Methods: Three search phrases were entered separately into 5 search engines and the 1st page of websites from each search was analyzed. Unique websites were evaluated by 3 Diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons using standardized scales for content and information value score (IVS). Websites were further categorized by veterinary or non‐veterinary authorship. The readability of each website was scored using a proven literacy scale (Flesch–Kinkaid system).Results: Fifty‐four unique websites were evaluated. Websites located using anatomically correct veterinary terminology had significantly (P<.05) higher ratings for content and IVS compared with those found using lay terminology. Websites authored by veterinarians also had significantly (P<.05) higher IVS compared with those authored by non‐veterinarians. Websites found using anatomically correct veterinary terminology, and those authored by veterinarians, had significantly (P<.05) lower readability scores, requiring a higher literacy level for comprehension.Conclusions: Information available on the Internet with respect to canine CCL disease is of highly variable quality. Use of anatomically correct veterinary terminology when conducting an Internet search detects sites with higher quality information; however, a higher literacy level is required to understand the material. Similarly, websites authored by veterinarians are more likely to present higher quality information, but require a more advanced literacy level for comprehension.Clinical Relevance: CCL disease information on the Internet is of variable quality and can be misleading.
Detection and Evaluation of Matrix Metalloproteinases Involved in Cruciate Ligament Disease in Dogs Using Multiplex Bead Technology
Authors: Breshears Lee A. , Cook James L. , Stoker Aaron M. , Fox Derek B. 
Published: April 2010

Objective:To measure matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) suspected to be involved in the initiation or progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) explant culture media using multiplex bead technology.Study Design:In vitro experimental study.Animals:Adult dogs with (n=10) and without (n=10) CCL deficiency.Methods:Based on clinical, radiographic, and gross evidence of CCL deficiency, excised CCL were classified as normal and intact (n=10) or partially torn (n=10). The ligament was excised and immediately placed in tissue culture. Culture media were sampled and replaced on days 3 and 6. MMP‐1, 2, 3, 9, and 13 were quantified in explant media using a multiplexing machine that uses flow cytometry, microspheres, spectral dyes, lasers, digital signal processing, and traditional chemistry. MMP concentrations were determined using a standard curve constructed from the serial dilution of positive controls. Media MMP concentrations comparing the type of ligament and the time frame were analyzed using a Mann–Whitney rank sum test.Results:Media exposed to intact ligaments had >3 times the amount of MMP‐2 than for partially torn ligaments on day 6 (P=.006). Media exposed to intact ligaments also had significantly higher levels of MMP‐3 than for partially torn ligaments on day 3 (P=.035) and on day 6 (P=.05).Conclusions:MMP multiplexing is a reliable, cost‐effective, efficient, and sample‐sparing method of MMP quantification. MMP‐2, 3, 9, and 13 are released from CCL explants exposed to culture media and can be detected using multiplex bead technology.Clinical Relevance:CCL remnants exposed to the intra‐articular environment may release degradative enzymes in vivo similar to that demonstrated in this in vitro study. Because MMPs are known to be involved in the initiation and progression of OA, debridement of these remnants as a component of treatment for cruciate disease in dogs deserves consideration.
Fragmented QRS in Prediction of Cardiac Deaths and Heart Failure Hospitalizations after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Korhonen Petri , Husa Terhi , Konttila Teijo , Tierala Ilkka , Mäkijärvi Markku , Väänänen Heikki , Ojanen Janne , Vehtari Aki , Toivonen Lauri 
Published: April 2010

Background: Increased QRS fragmentation in visual inspection of 12‐lead ECG has shown association with cardiac events in postmyocardial infarction (MI) patients. We investigated user‐independent computerized intra‐QRS fragmentation analysis in prediction of cardiac deaths and heart failure (HF) hospitalizations after MI. Methods: Patients (n = 158) with recent MI and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were studied. A 120‐lead body surface potential mapping was performed at hospital discharge. Intra‐QRS fragmentation was computed as the number of extrema (fragmentation index FI) in QRS. QRS duration (QRSd) was computed for comparison. Results: During a mean follow‐up of 50 months 15 patients suffered cardiac death and 23 were hospitalized for HF. Using the mean + 1 SD as cut‐point both parameters were univariate predictors of both end‐points. In multivariate analysis including age, gender, LVEF, previous MI, bundle branch block, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes FI was an independent predictor for cardiac deaths (HR 8.7, CI 3.0–25.6) and HF hospitalizations (HR 3.8, CI 1.6–9.3) whereas QRSd only predicted HF hospitalizations (HR 4.6, CI 2.0–10.7). In comparison to QRSd, FI showed better positive (PPA) and equal negative (NPA) predictive accuracy for both end‐points, and PPA was further improved when combined to LVEF < 40%. Limiting fragmentation analysis to 12‐lead ECG or a randomly selected 8‐lead set instead of all 120 leads resulted in an almost similar prediction. Conclusions: Increased QRS fragmentation in post‐MI patients predicts cardiac deaths and HF progression. A computer‐based fragmentation analysis is a stronger predictor than QRSd. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15(2):130–137
Evaluation of the Relationship between Atrial Septal Aneurysm and Cardiac Arrhythmias via P‐Wave Dispersion and Signal‐Averaged P‐Wave Duration
Authors: Deveci Onur Sinan , Aytemir Kudret , Okutucu Sercan , Tulumen Erol , Aksoy Hakan , Kaya Ergun Baris , Evranos Banu , Kabakci Giray , Tokgozoglu Lale , Oto Ali , Ozkutlu Hilmi 
Published: April 2010

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between atrial septal aneurysms (ASAs) and cardiac arrhythmias via signal‐averaged P‐wave duration (SAPWD) and P‐wave dispersion (Pd). Methods: Sixty‐six patients with ASA served as the study group (group 1; 28 men and 38 women; mean age, 34 ± 10 years) and 62 healthy volunteers served as the control group (group 2; 29 men and 33 women; mean age, 31 ± 8 years) in the current study. ASAs were diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography based on the criteria of a minimal aneurysmal base of ≥15 mm; and an excursion of ≥10 mm. All subjects were evaluated by 24‐hour Holter monitoring, 12 lead body surface electrocardiogram for P‐wave analysis, and signal‐averaged electrocardiogram for P‐wave duration (PWD). Results: There was no significant difference between the study and control groups in terms of age, gender, left atrium diameter, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Supraventricular arrhythmias (SVAs) were detected in 29 patients with ASA (43.9%) and 5 controls (8.1%; P < 0.001). The mean Pd in patients with ASA was significantly longer compared to the control group (14.1 ± 8 ms vs 7.0 ± 2.9 ms; P < 0.001). Similarly, the mean SAPWD in group 1 was significantly longer compared to group 2 (127.4 ± 17.6 ms vs 99.8 ± 12.3 ms; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Prolonged SAPWD and Pd were determined to indicate electrical disturbances in the atrial myocardium, and predict the increase in the prevalence of SVA in patients with ASA. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15(2):157–164
Influence of Age on Linear and Nonlinear Measures of Autonomic Cardiovascular Modulation
Authors: Boettger Michael K. , Schulz Steffen , Berger Sandy , Tancer Manuel , Yeragani Vikram K. , Voss Andreas , Bär Karl‐Jürgen 
Published: April 2010

Background: Age has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In addition, autonomic imbalance toward sympathetic preponderance has been shown to facilitate the occurrence of heart disease. Here, we aimed to assess autonomic modulation of cardiovascular parameters during normal ageing applying well‐established linear and novel nonlinear parameters. Methods: Linear and nonlinear measures of heart rate variability and complexity as well as measures of QT interval variability and baroreflex sensitivity were obtained from a total of 131 healthy, medication‐free participants from a continuous age range between 20 and 90 years, who were allocated to three different age groups. Results: Heart rate variability and complexity significantly decreased with age, while regularity of heart rate time series increased. In addition, QT interval variability linearly increased with age, while baroreflex sensitivity showed a pronounced decrease. Overall, concerning effects of ageing, linear and nonlinear parameters showed equal differentiation between groups. Conclusion: These data indicate a shift of autonomic balance toward sympathetic predominance in higher age groups, limiting the reactiveness of the cardiovascular system to adjust to different demands and increasing the risk for developing tachyarrhythmias. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15(2):165–174
Extra‐acral cutaneous/soft tissue sclerosing perineurioma: an under‐recognized entity in the differential of CD34‐positive cutaneous neoplasms
Authors: Fox Melanie D. , Gleason Briana C. , Thomas Antoinette B. , Victor Thomas A. , Cibull Thomas L. 
Published: April 2010

Background: Perineuriomas are an uncommon group of tumors composed of perineurial cells of peripheral nerve sheath lineage. Variants include soft tissue (extraneural), intraneural, sclerosing, reticular and plexiform forms. Sclerosing perineuriomas have been reported to occur almost exclusively on the hands of young men. Herein, we report three extra‐acral cutaneous/soft tissue perineuriomas that show significant associated sclerosis. Methods: Skin biopsy specimens from three patients were evaluated for cytomorphology and degree of associated sclerosis, which was classified as either focal or diffuse. Immunohistochemical expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), CD34 and S‐100 was also assessed to facilitate further classification. Results: Histopathologically, the tumors showed both focal and diffuse sclerosis, and lesional cells were generally spindled in shape. Immunohistochemical staining showed diffuse positivity for CD34 and focal or diffuse positivity for EMA. The cells uniformly lacked expression of S‐100 protein. Conclusions: Sclerosing perineuriomas can occur in extra‐acral locations and should be considered in the differential of EMA‐positive cutaneous spindle‐cell proliferations. It is also important to recognize that perineuriomas can express CD34 and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of CD34‐positive cutaneous neoplasms.Fox M, Gleason BC, Thomas AB, Victor TA, Cibull TC. Extra‐acral cutaneous/soft tissue sclerosing perineurioma: an under‐recognized entity in the differential of CD34‐positive cutaneous neoplasms.
Immature mast cells exhibit rolling and adhesion to endothelial cells and subsequent diapedesis triggered by E‐ and P‐selectin, VCAM‐1 and PECAM‐1
Authors: Dudeck Anne , Leist Mandy , Rubant Simone , Zimmermann Anja , Dudeck Jan , Boehncke Wolf Henning , Maurer Marcus 
Published: April 2010

Please cite this paper as: Immature mast cells exhibit rolling and adhesion to endothelial cells and subsequent diapedesis triggered by E‐ and P‐selectin, VCAM‐1 and PECAM‐1. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 424–434.Abstract:  Mast cell numbers are markedly increased at sites of chronic inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms of mast cell accumulation including mast cell progenitor trafficking remain to be identified in detail. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the adhesion molecules involved in rolling, firm adhesion and transendothelial diapedesis of murine bone marrow‐derived cultured mast cells (BMCMC) as a model for immature mast cells. We could show that BMCMCs exhibit in vivo rolling on skin vessel walls and strong adhesion to skin endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro under static and flow conditions. Interestingly, interaction of BMCMC with the EC adhesion molecules E‐ and P‐selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (PECAM‐1) is required to mediate rolling and firm adhesion to ECs. The adhesion of BMCMCs to skin ECs is further enhanced by TNF, IL‐4, IL‐15 and vascular endothelial cell growth factor. Furthermore, BMCMCs exhibit directed and dose‐dependent transmigration across an endothelial barrier, mediated by a PECAM‐1‐dependent mechanism. Our results demonstrate that BMCMCs can undergo a tightly regulated extravasation cascade consisting of rolling on and adhesion to endothelium and followed by directed diapedesis and reveal selectins, VCAM‐1 and PECAM‐1 as required adhesion molecules. These processes may contribute to mast cell accumulation in chronic inflammatory skin diseases and reveal opportunities to modulate peripheral tissue numbers of mast cells.
Scleroderma: from pathophysiology to novel therapeutic approaches
Authors: Hunzelmann Nicolas , Krieg Thomas 
Published: April 2010

Please cite this paper as: Scleroderma: from pathophysiology to novel therapeutic approaches. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 393–400.Abstract:  Systemic scleroderma may serve as a paradigm for orphan diseases where the rarity, different subsets and fluctuating disease activity constitute major obstacles of research into mechanisms and therapeutic development. Recently, significant advances in the detailed understanding of the functioning of growth factors, their receptors and of the physiology of the connective tissue have been achieved. In particular, an improved concept was developed for the pathophysiology of scleroderma, highlighting the role of hypoxia, cellular stress and a concert of interacting cytokines. Tyrosine kinases have been shown to regulate the activity of a number of cytokines and growth factors, e.g. transforming growth factor‐β and platelet‐derived growth factor, which play a central role in the pathophysiology of SSc. Novel pharmacological compounds interacting with signalling cascades induced by hypoxia and intracellular signal transduction pathways of mesenchymal cells, e.g. tyrosine kinase inhibitors, are currently being investigated for the treatment of this life‐threatening disease.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Evaluation of miosis, behavior and cholinesterase inhibition from low‐level, whole‐body vapor exposure to soman in African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabeus)*
Authors: Genovese Raymond F. , Benton Bernard J. , Oubre John L. , Fleming Patrick J. , Jakubowski E. Michael , Mioduszewski Robert J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground Relatively little is known about the effects of very low‐level exposures to nerve agents where few signs or symptoms are present.Methods African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabeus) (n = 8) were exposed for 10 min, whole‐body, to a single concentration of soman (0.028–0.891 mg/m3).Results EC50values for miosis were determined to be 0.055 mg/m3and 0.132 mg/m3when defined as a 50 percent reduction in pupil area and diameter, respectively. In general, performance on a serial probe recognition task remained unchanged at lower concentrations, but responding was suppressed at the largest concentration tested. Soman produced concentration‐dependent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and, to a lesser extent, butyrylcholinesterase activity.Conclusions These results characterize threshold soman exposure concentrations that produce miosis in the absence of other overt signs of toxicity and extend previous studies indicating that miosis is a valuable early indicator for the detection of soman vapor exposure.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Medical and surgical management of reproductive neoplasia in two western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
Authors: Stringer Elizabeth M. , De Voe Ryan S. , Valea Fidel , Toma Sameh , Mulvaney Gerald , Pruitt Amy , Troan Brigid , Loomis Michael R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground  Reports of female reproductive tract neoplasia are infrequent in great apes.Methods  Two captive‐born, female western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) housed at the North Carolina Zoological Park were diagnosed with reproductive neoplasia.Results  The first gorilla had uterine endometrial thickening and uterine fibroids diagnosed during a routine annual examination. Subsequently, the animal underwent several uterine curettage procedures in an attempt to debulk the uterine mass. Biopsy results indicated uterine adenocarcinoma. The animal was treated with an ovariohysterectomy followed by a combination of megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate. The second gorilla was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina, cervix, and uterus after presenting for intermittent vaginal bleeding of 1‐month duration. This animal underwent palliative radiation therapy, receiving two rounds of radiation treatment 8 weeks apart.Conclusions  The following report describes the diagnosis and management of the two cases.