bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fire, landscape change and models of small mammal habitat suitability at multiple spatial scales
Authors: DI STEFANO JULIAN , OWEN LAURA , MORRIS ROBERT , DUFF TOM , YORK ALAN 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFire is an important process in many ecosystems, but inappropriate fire regimes can adversely affect biodiversity. We identified a naturally flammable heathy woodland ecosystem where the use of planned fire had increased the extent of older vegetation, and quantified the abundance of two small native mammals in this landscape (silky mouse Pseudomys apodemoides and heath rat P. shortridgei). We defined four time‐since‐fire (TSF) categories representing a 2‐ to 55‐year post‐fire sequence and, on the basis of a habitat accommodation model, predicted that both species would select younger age‐classes over older ones. We also predicted that (i) much of the variance in vegetation structure would remain unexplained by TSF and (ii) statistical models of mammal abundance and occupancy including structural variables as predictors would be better than models including TSF. Pseudomys apodemoides selected 17‐ to 23‐year‐old sites, while there was no evidence that P. shortridgei selected a particular TSF category, findings that were inconsistent with our predictions. In line with our predictions, relatively large portions of the variance in vegetation structure remained unexplained by TSF (adjustedr2 for four structural variables: 0.24, 0.29, 0.35 and 0.57), and in three of four cases there was strong evidence that statistical models of mammal abundance and occupancy including structural variables were better than those including TSF. At the site scale (hectares), P. shortridgei abundance was positively related to the cover of dead material at the base of Xanthorrhoea plants and at the trap scale (metres), the trapability of both species was significantly related to vegetation volume at 0–20 cm. Our findings suggest that TSF may not be a good proxy for either vegetation structure or species abundance/occupancy.
Clinical significance of atypical glandular cells on Pap smears: Experience from a region with a high incidence of cervical cancer
Authors: Sawangsang Pitkanya , Sae‐Teng Charuwan , Suprasert Prapaporn , Srisomboon Jatupol , Khunamornpong Surapan , Kietpeerakool Chumnan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the histopathology of women who had atypical glandular cells (AGC) on Pap smears in a region with high incidence of cervical cancer.Material and Methods:  This study was conducted at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand. All women with AGC who underwent colposcopic and histopathologic evaluation between January 2002 and December 2008 were reviewed. Women with simultaneous diagnosis of squamous cell abnormality or prior history of cancer of any type were excluded.Results:  Sixty‐three women with AGC Pap test had histologic follow‐up during the study period. Mean age was 44.9 years (range, 31–72 years). Six (9.5%) women were nulliparous. Sixteen (25.4%) women were postmenopausal. The histopathologic results of these 63 women were as follows: cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2‐3, 5 (7.9%); adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), 3 (4.8%); endometrial cancer, 3 (4.8%); cervical cancer, 2 (3.2%); endometrial hyperplasia (EH), 1 (1.6%); and no lesions, 49 (77.8%). The prevalence of significant lesions (CIN 2‐3, AIS, EH, and cancer) in women with atypical glandular cells, favor neoplasia (AGC‐FN) was significantly higher than that in the atypical glandular cells, not other specified (AGC‐NOS) group (41.2% and 15.2%, P = 0.02).Conclusion:  Reporting AGC in our population is clinically significant due to the high prevalence of underlying preinvasive and invasive diseases (22.2%). This subtype of the AGC category is a significant predictor of such lesions.
Risk factors for recurrence and re‐recurrence of ovarian endometriomas after laparoscopic excision
Authors: Hayasaka Shinichi , Ugajin Tomohisa , Fujii Osamu , Nabeshima Hiroshi , Utsunomiya Hiroki , Yokomizo Rei , Yuki Hiromithu , Terada Yukihiro , Murakami Takashi , Yaegashi Nobuo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAim:  Since ovarian endometrioma is frequently diagnosed in women of reproductive age, laparoscopic excision of the endometrioma is performed for most cases. However, endometriomas frequently recurs even after repeated surgical procedures. The aim of our study is to identify risk factors for recurrence and re‐recurrence of endometriomas after the first and second laparoscopic excision.Material & Methods:  We retrospectively evaluated 173 patients who had a minimum of one year postoperative follow‐up after the laparoscopic excision of endometriomas. Ten and eight factors were evaluated to assess their effect on the risk of recurrence and re‐recurrence, respectively. Factors were analyzed using univariate and the Cox regression test.Results:  The overall rate of recurrence and re‐recurrence were 45.1% and 45.5%, respectively. A high revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine score (1997) was associated with an increased risk of recurrence. Only postoperative pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of recurrence. Short periods of normal menstruation without pregnancy or gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone analogues from first surgery to recurrence were associated with higher rate of re‐recurrence.Conclusions:  A high revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine score was a risk factor, and postoperative pregnancy was protective against recurrence. The patient with short periods of normal menstruation without pregnancy or gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone analogues from first surgery to recurrence had a high risk of re‐recurrence.
ZM447439, the Aurora kinase B inhibitor, suppresses the growth of cervical cancer SiHa cells and enhances the chemosensitivity to cisplatin
Authors: Zhang Liya , Zhang Shulan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAim:  To investigate the effects of an Aurora kinase B inhibitor (ZM447439) on the cervical cancer cell line SiHa and chemotherapy of cisplatin (cDDP).Materials & Methods:  Detected Aurora‐B protein in different tissues of the cervix by immunohistochemistry and then analyzed the relationship between Aurora B protein and clinical parameters of cervical cancer. The effect and synergistic effect of ZM447439 and cDDP on proliferation of SiHa cells was tested by MTT. The changes of cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Aurora‐B, histone H3 phosphorylation (H3‐P) protein, human papillomavirus16 E6 (HPV16E6) and BCL‐2, P53, VEGF protein were detected by Western blot.Results:  The positive rate of Aurora‐B expression was the highest in cervical cancer and had no significant correlation with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and age. ZM447439 can reduce the number of SiHa cells, increase the volume of cells and lead to apoptosis. The growth of SiHa cells treated with ZM447439, cDDP and the combination of both was inhibited in dose‐ and time‐dependent manners. The inhibition rate of the combined treatment is significantly higher than that of two other single drug groups (P < 0.05). The synergistic effect is observed in the combined therapy. S‐phase arrest and early apoptosis has become more evident in the combined treatment. ZM447439 significantly inhibited the expression of Aurora‐B and H3‐P protein (P < 0.05). ZM447439, cDDP and the combination of both reduced the expression of HPV16E6 and BCL‐2 protein, raised P53 protein expression (P < 0.05), whose effects were more obvious in the combined therapy. cDDP could also reduce VEGF protein expression, but ZM447439 could not.Conclusion:  Our results suggest that Aurora‐B may represent a valid target in cervical squamous carcinoma and has a synergistic effect with cDDP.
The difficult pediatric airway – a review of new devices for indirect laryngoscopy in children younger than two years of age
Authors: Holm‐Knudsen Rolf 
Published: December 2010

SummaryDuring the last decade, several new look‐around‐corner or video airway devices have proven useful in clinical adult practice. Only four of them are currently available in sizes that may be used in children younger than 2 years of age: the AIRTRAQ® Disposable Optical Laryngoscope (Prodol Meditec, Vizcaya, Spain), the GlideScope® Video Laryngoscope (Verathon, Bothell, WA, USA), the Storz DCI® Video Laryngoscope (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany), and the Truview PCD™ Infant (Truphatek, Netanya, Israel). Here, we review the literature and describe the clinical use of each device in this age‐group. The four new laryngoscopes are generally effective and may solve many of the problems with difficult intubations in children younger than 2 years of age. The size of the device and the mouth opening it requires determines its usefulness in the smallest infants. Training will be necessary in implementing and deciding when to use the new airway devices, although one of the big challenges of the future will be to maintain the teaching and training of fiber‐optic‐guided intubations, which remain the gold standard in difficult endotracheal intubations.
Processes and Practices of Strategizing and Organizing: Review, Development, and the Role of Bridging and Umbrella Constructs
Authors: Floyd Steven W. , Cornelissen Joep P. , Wright Mike , Delios Andrew 
Published: December 2010

abstractThe scope and purpose of this special issue is to draw interconnections between domains of strategy and strategic management research. Specifically, we initially conceptualized this special issue with two goals in mind: (1) to highlight and bridge intersections between strategy theories and bodies of scholarship; and (2) to advance and mainstream ways in which an explicit organizational dimension can be fostered in strategy and strategic management research. The papers selected for the issue capture this set of aspirations in various ways, and, as such, they collectively offer a foundation for extending strategy and strategic management research in exciting new directions. We start our introduction by providing a brief overview of the contributions provided by each paper in the context of three broad strategy themes: strategy and process; resources and organizational growth; and environment and institutional context. We subsequently discuss the potential for integration of research across these themes, and highlight the importance of what we define as bridging and umbrella constructs that are able to connect various strategy and organizational phenomena in coherent and meaningful ways. We elaborate the important distinction between these two constructs and their respective roles within theory development, and use that to drive and articulate directions for further research.
Epistemic Privilege and the Success of Science
Authors: Wray K. Brad 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRealists and anti‐realists disagree about whether contemporary scientists are epistemically privileged. Because the issue of epistemic privilege figures in arguments in support of and against theoretical knowledge in science, it is worth examining whether or not there is any basis for assuming such privilege. I show that arguments that try to explain the success of science by appeal to some sort of epistemic privilege have, so far, failed. They have failed to give us reason to believe (i) that scientists are prone to develop theories that are true, (ii) that our current theories are not apt to be replaced in the future, and (iii) that science is nearing its completion.
Power, Institutions and the CSDP: The Promise of Institutionalist Theory
Authors: MENON ANAND 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe common security and defence policy (CSDP) represents an institutionalized attempt on the part of European Union Member States to respond to the security challenges they confront. As such, it is perhaps self‐evident that theoretical approaches that focus on the role of institutions in shaping social life should have something to say about its nature, role and impact. This article argues that not only can institutionalist approaches enhance our understanding of CSDP, but using it as a case study can illustrate some of the strengths and weaknesses of institutionalism. In particular, it can indicate the importance of combining insights into the importance of institutional structures in shaping politics and policy with the crucial role power plays in mitigating some institutional effects. This argument is pursued via consideration of the evolution and workings of CSDP.
Governance and State Power: A Network Analysis of European Security
Authors: MÉRAND FRÉDÉRIC , HOFMANN STÉPHANIE C. , IRONDELLE BASTIEN 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA growing number of scholars argue that the development of the common security and defence policy (CSDP) should be analysed as the institutionalization of a system of security governance. Although governance approaches carry the promise of a sophisticated, empirically grounded picture of CSDP, they have been criticized for their lack of attention to power. This is because governance approaches focus on institutional rules and ideas rather than the social structure that underpins them. To refine the notion of security governance, this article analyses co‐operation patterns through social network analysis. Confirming the governance image, it maps out a complex constellation of CSDP actors that features cross‐border and cross‐level ties between different national and EU policy actors. It is also found, however, that CSDP is dominated by a handful of traditional state actors – in particular, Brussels‐based national ambassadors – who retain strategic positions vis‐à‐vis weaker supranational and non‐state actors. These actors are not giving up on state power, but reconstituting it at the supranational level.
From Governance to Governmentality in CSDP: Towards a Foucauldian Research Agenda
Authors: MERLINGEN MICHAEL 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGovernmentality theory is a tool to study networked governance beyond the state. Its research profile is characterized by a focus on power and micro‐practices from a critical perspective. This article identifies the theory's comparative strengths and its distinct analytical style. It lays out the conceptual tools of governmentality theory before applying them to internal CSDP governance and the external governance by the CSDP of post‐conflict societies. These short case studies serve the didactic purpose of demonstrating the kinds of research questions, analytical concerns, arguments, empirical evidence and methods that governmentality research calls for and the sorts of findings that it can generate. The article concludes by pinpointing shortcomings of the theory that will be of concern to some CSDP researchers.
Prevention of neonatal herpes
Authors: Gardella C , Brown Z 
Published: December 2010

Please cite this paper as: Gardella C, Brown Z. Prevention of neonatal herpes. BJOG 2011;118:187–192.Neonatal herpes can occur when the neonate is exposed to herpes simplex virus in the maternal genital tract during labour. Attack rates are highest when the mother has a newly acquired infection and, therefore, does not have antibodies to protect the neonate. Even with early therapy, there is significant morbidity and mortality associated with neonatal herpes, suggesting that preventing neonatal herpes simplex virus exposure or early recognition of exposure is important. The incidence of neonatal herpes has not declined despite national guidelines for prevention. This suggests that the prevention guidelines need to be re‐addressed.
Social Stressors Associated With Antepartum Depressive Symptoms in Low‐Income African American Women
Authors: Dailey Dawn E. , Humphreys Janice C. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Objectives: To describe depressive symptomatology and examine the relationship between social stressors and depressive symptoms in pregnant African American women.Design and Sample: Cross‐sectional study of 119 women receiving care at 2 prenatal clinics in Northern California.Measures: Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D). Social stress variables included discrimination, trauma exposure, social conflict, and economic stress.Results: In this sample, mean CES‐D score was 15.88. Forty‐two percent of the women had CES‐D scores ≥16 (possible risk), and 23% had CES‐D scores ≥23 (probable risk). There were significantly positive relationships between the social stress variables (discrimination, trauma exposure, social conflict, economic stress) and CES‐D scores. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that together discrimination and social conflict accounted for 36% of the variance in antepartum depressive symptoms.Conclusions: Discrimination and social conflict are considerable sources of stress that contribute to levels of antepartum depressive symptoms in African American women. While the results reinforce the importance of universal prenatal screening, comprehensive strategies are also needed to help ameliorate the impact that social stressors such as discrimination and social conflict have on the mental health of pregnant African American women.
Resource partitioning along multiple niche dimensions in differently sized African savanna grazers
Authors: Kleynhans Elizabeth J. , Jolles Anna E. , Bos Marjan R. E. , Olff Han 
Published: December 2010

Resource partitioning among mammalian savanna herbivores is thought to be predominantly driven by differences in body size. In general, large herbivore species utilize abundant low quality forage while small herbivores focus on scarcer high quality food items. However, in a natural system other factors such as digestive strategy, season and the presence of megaherbivores (body size > 1000 kg) are likely to complicate allometric predictions. Non‐ruminants are probably better able to cope with abundant low quality food than ruminants of the same size causing a non‐ruminant to act ‘larger’ than allometrically predicted. Also, the effect of alternating seasons with high and low food availability on diet choice and hence the competitive interactions between co‐occurring herbivores is still poorly understood. Lastly, how megaherbivores deviate from allometric predictions (based on smaller species) is still not well quantified.In this study we examine resource partitioning among three ruminant and three non‐ruminant grazers: impala, wildebeest, buffalo, warthog, zebra and white rhinoceros (megaherbivore) in the savanna of Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park, South Africa. We analysed habitat and diet overlap, specifically grass species (something not commonly investigated) and grass height eaten, in both the wet and the dry seasons. We found that habitat utilization differences among the species were generally small and did not vary between seasons. Diets within feeding patches overlapped during the wet season but highly diverged during the dry season. Body mass differences among species explained their dry season resource partitioning for all species except for comparisons with the megaherbivore (white rhino), while differences in digestive strategy were not related to niche overlap in either season. We conclude that savanna herbivores in this system coexist mostly through body size‐driven resource partitioning in the dry‐season, with the exception of the white rhino (megaherbivore).
Candida glabrata and Candida albicans co‐infection of an in vitro oral epithelium
Authors: Silva Sónia , Henriques Mariana , Hayes Anthony , Oliveira Rosário , Azeredo Joana , Williams David W. 
Published: December 2010

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 40: 421–427Background:  Candida albicans is regarded as the leading of candidosis. However, Candida glabrata has emerged as an important pathogen of oral mucosa, occurring both singly or in mixed species infections, often with C. albicans. Compared with C. albicans, little is known about the role of C. glabrata in oral infection. The aim of this study was to examine single and mixed species infection of oral epithelium involving C. glabrata and establish its ability to invade and damage tissue.Methods:  A reconstituted human oral epithelium (RHOE) was infected only with C. glabrata, or simultaneously with C. glabrata and C. albicans. The ability of both species to invade the tissue was examined using species specific peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe hybridization and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Epithelial damage was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity.Results:  Candida glabrata strains were able to colonize the RHOE, in a strain dependent manner. Candida glabrata single infection after 12 h, generally revealed no invasion of the RHOE, which contrasted with extensive tissue invasion demonstrated by C. albicans. Mixed infection showed that C. albicans enhanced the invasiveness of C. glabrata, and led to increased LDH release by the RHOE, which paralleled the observed histological damage.Conclusions:  The results obtained demonstrating enhanced invasion and increased tissue damage caused by mixed C. glabrata and C. albicans infections have important clinical significance and highlight the need to identify Candida species involved in oral candidosis.
RegB Kinase Activity Is Controlled in Part by Monitoring the Ratio of Oxidized to Reduced Ubiquinones in the Ubiquinone Pool
Authors: Wu Jiang , Bauer Carl E. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTRegB is a membrane-spanning sensor kinase responsible for redox regulation of a wide variety of metabolic processes in numerous proteobacterial species. Here we show that full-length RegB purified fromEscherichia colimembranes contains bound ubiquinone. Four conserved residues in the membrane-spanning domain of RegB are shown to have important roles in ubiquinone bindingin vitroand redox sensingin vivo. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements, coupled with kinase assays under oxidizing and reducing conditions, indicate that RegB weakly binds both oxidized ubiquinone and reduced ubiquinone (ubiquinol) with nearly equal affinity and that oxidized ubiquinone inhibits kinase activity without promoting a redox reaction. We propose a model in which ubiquinone/ubiquinol bound to RegB readily equilibrates with ubiquinones/ubiquinols in the membrane, allowing the kinase activity to be tuned by the redox state of the ubiquinone pool. This noncatalytic role of ubiquinone in controlling RegB activity is distinct from that of other known ubiquinone-binding proteins, which use ubiquinone as an electron donor or acceptor.IMPORTANCETwo-component signaling systems are comprised of a sensor kinase and a cognate response regulator that together control many cellular processes in response to a change in environmental conditions. Many sensor kinases are components of the cell membrane, with a domain that senses a specific environmental stimulus to control the activity of a cytosolic kinase domain. The broadly disseminated RegB/RegA two-component system regulates many energy-related processes in response to changes in the cellular redox state. In this study, the membrane-spanning sensor kinase RegB is shown to regulate its activity by interacting with the ubiquinone pool in a manner that involves novel noncatalytic equilibrium binding of ubiquinone.