bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical algorithm for treatment of post‐traumatic trigeminal nerve pain
Authors: Rosson Gedge D. , Rodriguez Eduardo D. , George Pravin , Lee Dellon A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground: Acute postoperative pain following craniofacial or esthetic surgery, or trauma is readily treated with medicinal regimens. Facial pain persisting for more than six months is defined as chronic and must be distinguished from nontraumatic atypical facial pain or “tic‐douloureaux.” Our surgical experience managing chronic facial (trigeminal) pain is reviewed to provide insight into the success of our current algorithm for managing patients with chronic facial pain. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of nine consecutive patients operated for post‐traumatic chronic trigeminal nerve pain. Most patients were women (mean age 41 years). Data evaluated included mechanism of nerve injury, physical exam, CT scans, computer‐aided neurosensory testing, and diagnostic nerve blocks. Surgical management included hardware removal, neurolysis, and/or neuroma resection with nerve grafting when indicated. Primary outcome measurement included Likert pain scale score (range 0–10). Secondary outcome measurements included sensory exam, medication requirement, and return to work. Based on these outcome measures, results were defined as excellent, good, fair, or poor. Results: Five of the nine patients had excellent outcomes, one was good, two were fair, and one was poor. The one patient with a poor result had temporary improvements, but later returned to baseline. No patient was made symptomatically worse or had operative complications. Conclusions: Successful treatment of chronic, post‐traumatic trigeminal nerve pain can be expected using an algorithm that measures sensory function of the involved trigeminal nerve branch. Then either preserves that function through neurolysis or reconstruction with a nerve graft, or eliminates that function through neuroma resection. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:614–621, 2010.
Der Erste erstellt's, der Zweite erhält's, dem Dritten zerfällt's
Authors: Freitag‐Stechl Dirk 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEine erfolgreiche Unternehmensübergabe an die nächste Generation hängt von Faktoren wie dem richtigen Zeitpunkt und dem geeigneten Nachfolger ab. Ein Radeberger Labor zeigt, wie es geht.
Monotone difference schemes stabilized by discrete mollification for strongly degenerate parabolic equations
Authors: Acosta Carlos D. , Bürger Raimund , Mejía Carlos E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe discrete mollification method is a convolution‐based filtering procedure suitable for the regularization of ill‐posed problems and for the stabilization of explicit schemes for the solution of PDEs. This method is applied to the discretization of the diffusive terms of a known first‐order monotone finite difference scheme [Evje and Karlsen, SIAM J Numer Anal 37 (2000) 1838–1860] for initial value problems of strongly degenerate parabolic equations in one space dimension. It is proved that the mollified scheme is monotone and converges to the unique entropy solution of the initial value problem, under a CFL stability condition which permits to use time steps that are larger than with the unmollified (basic) scheme. Several numerical experiments illustrate the performance and gains in CPU time for the mollified scheme. Applications to initial‐boundary value problems are included. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 38–62, 2012
Analysis and measurement of carbon nanotube dispersions: nanodispersion versus macrodispersion
Authors: Green Micah J 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBecause of their unique mechanical, optical, thermal and electrical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) form the basis for a wide variety of multifunctional devices and materials; many of these applications require that CNTs be dispersed and processed in liquids such as organic solvents, polymer melts or surfactant solutions. One of the most problematic issues affecting the CNT research community is the lack of standards and uniform characterization methods for CNT dispersion. A 2005 NASA‐NIST workshop aimed to address this issue and made a clear distinction between ‘nanodispersion’ of individual CNTs and ‘macrodispersion’ of CNT bundles. Unfortunately, this distinction has yet to percolate through the CNT dispersion literature. The present article seeks to elucidate and commend these concepts, identify the situations where this difference is most critical, note some scenarios where these concepts have been underutilized and posit experimental and computational characterization methods for quantifying the degree of nanodispersion. Particular attention is devoted to the controversial claims of complete nanodispersion and how such claims may be verified. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Crystal structure of a truncated urease accessory protein UreF from Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Lam Robert , Romanov Vladimir , Johns Kathy , Battaile Kevin P. , Wu‐Brown Jean , Guthrie Jennifer L. , Hausinger Robert P. , Pai Emil F. , Chirgadze Nickolay Y. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUrease plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori in humans. Maturation of this nickel metalloenzyme in bacteria requires the participation of the accessory proteins UreD (termed UreH in H. pylori), UreF, and UreG, which form sequential complexes with the urease apoprotein as well as UreE, a metallochaperone. Here, we describe the crystal structure of C‐terminal truncated UreF from H. pylori (residues 1–233), the first UreF structure to be determined, at 1.55 Å resolution using SAD methods. UreF forms a dimer in vitro and adopts an all‐helical fold congruent with secondary structure prediction. On the basis of evolutionary conservation analysis, the structure reveals a probable binding surface for interaction with other urease components as well as key conserved residues of potential functional relevance. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exciton‐polaritons in microcavities: Recent discoveries and perspectives
Authors: Kavokin Alexey 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe exciton‐polaritons in microcavities is a unique bosonic system which demonstrates remarkable quantum coherent phenomena at very high temperatures. The Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) and superfluidity, polariton lasing, parametric scattering and amplification, polariton spin switching, optical spin Hall effect (OSHE), quantised vortices are among the fascinating phenomena discovered in microcavities in the XXIst century. This paper is a short review of these and other recent discoveries in the exciton‐polariton physics. It also contains an attempt to predict the next steps in the development of this field and addresses several effects, which have been theoretically predicted but not yet experimentally observed. This includes the ‘polariton neurons’, the ‘spin Meissner effect’ and the exciton‐polariton mediated superconductivity.
Traditional medicine Taeeumjowitangkagambang exerts antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects via antioxidant enzyme enhancement
Authors: Park Cheol‐Hwan , Jeong Soo‐Jin , Lee Hyo‐Jeong , Lee Eun‐Ok , Bae Hyunsu , Lee Min‐Ho , Kim Sun‐Hyung , Jung Hee‐Jae , Ahn Kyoo Seok , Kim Sung‐Hoon 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTaeeumjowitangkagambang (ETJKB) is a traditional Korean medicine that has been clinically used for obesity with little mechanistic understanding. The present study investigated antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects of ETJKB in high fat diet fed rats as well as a 3T3‐L1 pre‐adipocyte differentiation model. ETJKB significantly inhibited the lipidogenesis in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes in a concentration‐dependent manner as well as reduced the cellular adipokine leptin level. Daily oral gavage of ETJKB to rats fed a high fat diet significantly attenuated body weight gain and abdominal and epididymal fat weights. ETJKB treatment also reduced the levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride as well as increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) in serum compared with the untreated control. Similarly, the ETJKB treatment decreased the levels of total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol in liver tissue in high fat diet fed rats. Interestingly, ETJKB significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and catalase in liver tissue, while decreasing the hydroxyl radical, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), carbonyl concentration. An improvement of antioxidant enzymes was associated with improved body weight control and healthier lipid profiles and therefore may play an important role in the antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects of ETJKB. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cripto-1 Is a Cell Surface Marker for a Tumorigenic, Undifferentiated Subpopulation in Human Embryonal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Watanabe Kazuhide , Meyer Matthew J. , Strizzi Luigi , Lee Joseph M. , Gonzales Monica , Bianco Caterina , Nagaoka Tadahiro , Farid Shahram S. , Margaryan Naira , Hendrix Mary J.C. , Vonderhaar Barbara K. , Salomon David S. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Deregulation of stem cells is associated with the generation and progression of malignant tumors. In addition, genes that are associated with early embryogenesis are frequently expressed in cancer. Cripto-1 (CR-1), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked glycoprotein, is expressed during early embryogenesis and in various human carcinomas. We demonstrated that human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are heterogeneous for CR-1 expression and consist of two distinct subpopulations: a CR-1High and a CR-1Low population. By segregating CR-1High and CR-1Low populations of NTERA2/D1 EC cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we demonstrated that CR-1High cells were more tumorigenic than CR-1Low cells by an in vitro tumor sphere assay and by in vivo xenograft formation. The CR-1High population was enriched in mRNA expression for the pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell genes Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. CR-1 expression in NTERA2/D1 cells was regulated by a Smad2/3-dependent autocrine loop, by the ES cell-related transcription factors Oct4/Nanog, and partially by the DNA methylation status of the promoter region. These results demonstrate that CR-1 expression is enriched in an undifferentiated, tumorigenic subpopulation and is regulated by key regulators of pluripotent stem cells.
Frontomaxillary facial angle in fetuses with spina bifida at 11–13 weeks' gestation
Authors: Lachmann R. , Picciarelli G. , Moratalla J. , Greene N. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether in fetuses with open spina bifida at 11–13 weeks' gestation the frontomaxillary facial angle is decreased.MethodsThe frontomaxillary facial angle was measured in 20 fetuses with open spina bifida and in 100 normal controls matched for crown–rump length (CRL) at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks and the values in the two groups were compared.ResultsIn the control group the frontomaxillary facial angle decreased significantly with CRL from a mean of 84.0° at a CRL of 45 mm to 76.5° at a CRL of 84 mm (SD, 3.26°). In the spina bifida group the mean frontomaxillary facial angle, corrected for CRL, was 9.9° lower than in the controls and it was below the 5th centile in 18 (90%) of the cases (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn fetuses with open spina bifida at 11–13 weeks' gestation the frontomaxillary facial angle is decreased and this measurement may be useful in early screening for this abnormality. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of fetal persistent urogenital sinus with congenital hydrocolpos
Authors: Taori K. , Krishnan V. , Sharbidre K. G. , Andhare A. , Kulkarni B. R. , Bopche S. , Patil V. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe report a case of persistent urogenital sinus with hydrocolpos and associated renal anomalies diagnosed prenatally at 30 weeks' gestation. The prenatal findings were confirmed on postnatal ultrasonography and genitogram with voiding urethrogram. The imaging features and a review of the literature are discussed. The possibility of hydrometrocolpos secondary to urogenital sinus should be considered on prenatal sonography in the presence of a presacral cystic mass with clear urine or turbid contents and a fluid–debris level (cervical or vaginal secretions). Because the prognosis and neonatal management of isolated hydrocolpos (which usually resolves spontaneously) differ greatly from those of hydrocolpos associated with a cloacal malformation, it is important to diagnose prenatally any associated anomalies in order to allow optimal postnatal management. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RNA decay modulates gene expression and controls its fidelity
Authors: Ghosh Shubhendu , Jacobson Allan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMaintenance of cellular function relies on the expression of genetic information with high fidelity, a process in which RNA molecules form an important link. mRNAs are intermediates that define the proteome, rRNAs and tRNAs are effector molecules that act together to decode mRNA sequence information, and small noncoding RNAs can regulate mRNA half‐life and translatability. The steady‐state levels of these RNAs occur through transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms, of which RNA decay pathways are integral components. RNA decay can initiate from the ends of a transcript or through endonucleolytic cleavage, and numerous factors that catalyze or promote these reactions have been identified and characterized. The rate at which decay occurs depends on RNA sequence or structural elements and usually requires the RNA to be modified in a way that allows recruitment of the decay machinery to the transcript through the binding of accessory factors or small RNAs. The major RNA decay pathways also play important roles in the quality control (QC) of gene expression. Acting in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, multiple QC factors monitor newly synthesized transcripts, or mRNAs undergoing translation, for properties essential to function, including structural integrity or the presence of complete open‐reading frames. Transcripts targeted by these surveillance mechanisms are rapidly shunted into conventional decay pathways where they are degraded rapidly to ensure that they do not interfere with the normal course of gene expression. Collectively, degradative mechanisms are important determinants of the extent of gene expression and play key roles in maintaining its accuracy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
Laparoscopic Versus Open Appendectomy in Adults with Complicated Appendicitis: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Markides Georgios , Subar Daren , Riyad Kallingal 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of the present study was to critically review and identify the strength of available evidence in the literature on the use of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in complicated appendicitis (CA).MethodsThe Cochrane Library and Controlled Trials Registry, MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Web of knowledge, and SCOPUS databases were electronically searched, using the keywords “appendectomy,” “laparoscopy,” “appendicitis.” “complicated appendicitis.” “gangrenous appendicitis,” “perforated appendicitis,” with English language as a limit. Backward chaining was also employed. The NHS Public Health Resource Unit Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Tools were used for critical appraisal.ResultsTwelve retrospective case‐control studies were included in the review. Overall methodological quality was moderate to poor, with heterogeneity, absence of randomization and blinding, and presence of important methodological flaws. Meta‐analysis showed that LA in CA has reduced surgical site infection (SSI) rates compared to open appendectomy (OA), odds ratio (OR) 0.23, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.14–0.37 (level 3a evidence), and no difference with regard to intra‐abdominal abscess (IAA) complication rates OR: 1.02, 95% CI 0.56–1.86 (level 3a evidence).ConclusionsWhen compared to OA, laparoscopic appendectomy is advantageous in CA with regard to SSIs, with no significant additional risk of IAA (level 3a evidence).
Fumaric aciduria: an overview and the first Brazilian case report
Authors: Allegri Gabriella , Fernandes Marcia J. , Scalco Fernanda B. , Correia Patricia , Simoni Ruth E. , Llerena Juan C. , de Oliveira Maria L. Costa 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFumaric aciduria is a rare metabolic disease, with 40 cases reported so far. Fumarase deficiency leads mainly to brain abnormalities, developmental delay, and great accumulation of fumaric acid in urine. This work presents the first case of fumaric aciduria described in Brazil, which presented with some interesting clinical and biochemical findings such as colpocephaly, hepatic alterations, and marked metabolic acidosis since birth. Common findings were ventriculomegaly, hypotonia, and microcephaly. Biochemically, besides the high urinary fumaric acid excretion, atypical elevation of plasma citrulline, tyrosine and methionine levels were also observed. In order to show all features and variants of fumaric aciduria, literature data of 40 patients was reviewed and compared with the case reported here. Findings in all these patients demonstrate that this disorder does not yet have its phenotype completely defined; it is important that more patients be described.
Enhancement of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Production by Selenium Treatment in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid‐Producing Fungus
Authors: Guan Xian‐Yue , Dai Chuan‐Chao , Xu Yu‐Fen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe effect of selenium (Se) treatment on the content of intracellular polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was investigated. Selenium treatment could effectively increase the yields of arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA). When AA‐producing Diasporangiumjonesianum recombinant strain D‐A1 was cultured in a medium containing 90 μg mL−1 Se, the growth of D.jonesianum recombinant strain D‐A1 was constrained, but the content of AA in the total fatty acids reached 9.3%, 1.7‐fold higher than the control. The content of LA was also increased from 25.9 to 37.7%. Under various culture conditions, Se treatment (90 μg mL−1) was generally beneficial to the yields of LA and AA. However, there was no significant increase in the contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and γ‐linolenic acid. Therefore, the use of Se is advantageous for regulating the content of intracellular PUFA in D.jonesianum recombinant strain D‐A1, and could be good enhancer in the yields of AA and LA.
Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for aspirin‐heparinoid‐resistant antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Shimada Shigeki , Yamada Hideto , Atsumi Tatsuya , Yamada Takashi , Sakuragi Noriaki , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe encountered a woman who had a history of repeated fetal losses and positive tests for lupus anticoagulant, phosphatidylserine‐dependent antiprothrombin (aPS/PT) IgG, IgM and kininogen‐dependent antiphosphatidylethanolamine (aPE) IgG, IgM. Her previous pregnancy had ended in intrauterine fetal death at 24 weeks of gestation despite a therapy of low‐dose aspirin, prednisolone and danaparoid. During the present pregnancy, she was treated with repeated intravenous infusions of immunoglobulin (IVIg) together with low‐dose aspirin, prednisolone and heparin. When thrombocytopenia developed, she delivered a female baby weighing 2,152 g at 34 weeks of gestation by cesarean section. Titers of aPS/PT IgM and aPE IgM were reduced or maintained at low levels by repeated IVIg therapies. The IVIg therapy might be effective for aspirin‐heparinoid‐resistant antiphospholipid syndrome.
Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function by MR: why, how and when
Authors: Duarte Ricardo , Fernandez Gabriel 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), a valuable non-invasive technique for the evaluation of the cardiovascular system, has already been accepted as the "gold standard" for the assessment of systolic function. The assessment of diastolic function is important not only for diagnosis purposes, but also in terms of prognosis. ECG-triggering phase-contrast (PC) CMR allows the routine assessment of diastolic function by measuring the transmitral and pulmonary venous flow with high accuracy and reproducibility, using morphological and quantitative parameters similar to those obtained by transthoracic echocardiography, which are so familiar to general cardiologists. Therefore, the increasing role of CMR in the assessment of the cardiovascular system requires a greater awareness and knowledge of this condition by radiologists. The aim of this study is to review the main mechanisms and common causes of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction, provide a practical approach for the assessment of LV diastolic function and illustrate the different degrees of diastolic dysfunction.
Illegale Drogen und Suchtproblematik als Herausforderung für Entwicklungsländer
Authors: Busse Anja 
Published: June 2010

Einleitung
Drogenmissbrauch und Drogenabhängigkeit sind weltweite Probleme, die auch Entwicklungsländer stark betreffen. Die Umsetzung effektiver und evidenzbasierter Strategien der Suchtprävention und –behandlung ist gerade für Länder mit wenigen Ressourcen eine große Herausforderung.
Linnaeans outdoors: the transformative role of studying nature ‘on the move’ and outside
Authors: HODACS HANNA 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTravelling is an activity closely associated with Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778) and his circle of students. This article discusses the transformative role of studying nature outdoors (turning novices into naturalists) in eighteenth-century Sweden, using the little-known journeys of Carl Bäck (1760–1776), Sven Anders Hedin (1750–1821) and Johan Lindwall (1743–1796) as examples. On these journeys, through different parts of Sweden in the 1770s, the outdoors was used, simultaneously, as both a classroom and a space for exploration. The article argues that this multifunctional use of the landscape (common within the Linnaean tradition) encouraged a democratization of the consumption of scientific knowledge and also, to some degree, of its production. More generally, the study also addresses issues of how and why science and scientists travel by discussing how botanical knowledge was reproduced and extended ‘on the move’, and what got senior and junior students moving.
Considerations for minimising the spread of infectious disease in Antarctic seabirds and seals
Authors: Grimaldi Wray , Jabour Julia , Woehler Eric J 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTBefore 1998, concern was raised over the potential for human activities in Antarctica to introduce infectious disease organisms to native wildlife. A workshop was held that year to address this issue. In the last decade, there has been a dramatic increase in human traffic to the Antarctic and the number of commercial tourists visiting the Antarctic has steadily risen. Personnel of national science programmes, though relatively few in numbers, have the most intimate contact with wildlife and thus the greater potential to introduce organisms through their research activities. Many visitors are now able to arrive in the Antarctic from temperate regions within hours by aircraft, and from northern polar regions within 24 to 36 hours. Tourists, by their high numbers, also have the potential to transfer infectious disease agents among commonly visited sites. As of 2009, no outbreaks of infectious diseases in the Antarctic reported in the literature have been directly attributed to human activity, but the ameliorating climate may break down the barriers that have kept Antarctic wildlife relatively free of infectious diseases. Several agents of infectious diseases reported in Antarctic seabirds and seals are assessed for their likelihood to occur more frequently in terms of the characteristics of the agent, the behaviour of Antarctic wildlife, and the effects of an ameliorating climate (regional warming) in conjunction with continued increasing human activities.