bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain activation patterns of versive, hypermotor, and bilateral asymmetric tonic seizures
Authors: Wong Chong H. , Mohamed Armin , Larcos George , McCredie Rochelle , Somerville Ernest , Bleasel Andrew 
Published: September 2010

SummaryPurpose:  Patients who have seizure onset from different brain regions can produce seizures that appear clinically indistinguishable from one another. These clinically stereotypic manifestations reflect epileptic activation of specific networks. Several studies have shown that ictal perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can reveal propagated ictal activity. We hypothesize that the pattern of hyperperfusion may reflect neuronal networks that generated specific ictal symptomatology.Methods:  All patients were identified who were injected with 99mTc‐hexamethyl‐propylene‐amine‐oxime (HMPAO) during versive seizures (n = 5), bilateral asymmetric tonic seizures (BATS; n = 5), and hypermotor seizures (n = 7) in the presurgical epilepsy evaluation between 2001 and 2005. The SPECT ictal–interictal difference image pairs of each subgroup were compared with image pairs of 14 controls using statistical parametric mapping (SPM 2) to identify regions of significant hyperperfusion. Hyperperfused regions with corrected cluster‐level significance p < 0.05 were considered significant.Results:  We have identified a distinct ictal perfusion pattern in each subgroup. In versive seizure subgroup, prominent hyperperfusion was present in the frontal eye field opposite to the direction of head version. In addition, there was associated caudate and crossed cerebellar hyperperfusion. The BATS subgroup showed pronounced hyperperfusion supplementary sensorimotor area ipsilateral to the epileptogenic region, bilateral basal ganglia, and contralateral cerebellar hemisphere. The hypermotor seizure subgroup demonstrated two clusters of significant hyperperfusion: one involving bilateral frontomesial regions, cingulate gyri, and caudate nuclei, and another involving ipsilateral anteromesial temporal structures, frontoorbital region, insula, and basal ganglia.Discussion:  We have identified distinct hyperperfusion patterns for specific ictal symptomatology. Our findings provide further insight into understanding the anatomic basis of seizure semiology.
Engineering skeletal muscle tissue – new perspectives in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Klumpp Dorothee , Horch Raymund E. , Kneser Ulrich , Beier Justus P. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Matrices for skeletal muscle tissue engineering – gaining orientation
Electrospun nanofibre matrices
Nanotechnology and smart matrices
Cell sources for skeletal muscle TE
Conclusion

Muscle tissue engineering (TE) has not yet been clinically applied because of several problems. However, the field of skeletal muscle TE has been developing tremendously and new approaches and techniques have emerged. This review will highlight recent developments in the field of nanotechnology, especially electrospun nanofibre matrices, as well as potential cell sources for muscle TE. Important developments in cardiac muscle TE and clinical studies on Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) will be included to show their implications on skeletal muscle TE.
Cardiac telocytes: serial dynamic images in cell culture
Authors: Suciu L. , Nicolescu M. I. , Popescu L. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTelocytes (TC) are interstitial cells with telopodes (Tp). These prolongations (Tp) are quite unique: very long (several tens of micrometres) and very thin (≤0.5 μm), with moniliform aspect: thin segments (podomeres) alternating with dilations (podoms). To avoid any confusion, TC were previously named interstitial Cajal‐like cells (ICLC). Myocardial TC were repeatedly documented by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. TC form a network by their Tp, either in situ or in vitro. Cardiac TC are (completely) different of ‘classic’ fibroblasts or fibrocytes. We hereby present a synopsis of monitoring, by time‐lapse videomicroscopy, of Tp network development in cell culture. We used a protocol that favoured interstitial cell selection from adult mouse myocardium. Videomicroscopy showed dynamic interactions of neighbour TC during the network formation. During their movement, TC leave behind distal segments (podomeres) of their Tp as guiding marks for the neighbouring cells to follow during network rearrangement.
Combination therapy in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: Domm Silja , Mrowietz Ulrich 
Published: September 2010

SummaryIn addition to topical monotherapy for mild and systemic monotherapy for moderate to severe psoriasis, combination therapy plays an important role in daily practice. Although clinical trials almost exclusively evaluate monotherapy regimens, in real life psoriasis patients are usually treated with combination therapies. All combinations are used, topical/topical, topical/UV‐light, topical/systemic or UV‐light/systemic. Often not only two but more drugs/therapies are combined. Not every combination provides additive or synergistic effects. Some combinations are not possible and may be regarded as contraindications. Data on a benefit‐risk‐assessment are much more sparse in medical literature as compared to monotherapies. We summarize current knowledge about the use of combination therapies in psoriasis on the basis of published literature in the form of a table to show which combinations are possible, useful or which can not be recommended. This provides a quick overview of available options.
Infant anaemia is associated with infection, low birthweight and iron deficiency in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Eneroth Hanna , Persson Lars‐Åke , El Arifeen Shams , Ekström Eva‐Charlotte 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  To estimate the prevalence of infant anaemia and its association with iron deficiency, growth, infection and other micronutrient deficiencies.Methods:  Using data from MINIMat, a randomized maternal food and micronutrient supplementation trial, we assessed the associations between anaemia (haemoglobin < 105 g/L) in 580 infants at 6 months and deficiencies of iron, vitamin A, vitamin B12, zinc and folate, infection and anthropometric indices. Variables associated with anaemia in bivariate analyses were evaluated in logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounders.Results:  Anaemia was found in 46% of the infants, and among these, 28% had iron deficiency (plasma ferritin <9 μg/L). Elevated C‐reactive protein (>10mg/L) (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6, 4.7), low birthweight (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.5) and iron deficiency (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.4, 3.6) were independently associated with increased risk for anaemia. We also observed a seasonal variation in anaemia not mediated through the other factors studied.Conclusion: In a cohort in rural Bangladesh, anaemia at age 6 months was common and associated with infection, low birthweight and iron deficiency.
Continuous Reduction of Plasma Paraoxonase Activity With Increasing Dialysis Vintage in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Henning Bernhard F. , Holzhausen Helge , Tepel Martin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPlasma paraoxonase (PON) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes organic phosphate and aromatic carboxylic acid esters. Reduced activity is associated with early events of atherogenesis. The relevance of PON phenotypes is not well characterized in hemodialysis patients. In a cross‐sectional study we measured PON activity in 377 hemodialysis patients photometrically using the substrates 4‐nitrophenylacetate and phenylacetate. The PON ratio was calculated from 4‐nitrophenylacetate‐derived activity divided by phenylacetate‐derived activity. Frequency distribution of the PON ratio showed three different PON phenotypes. 74% of hemodialysis patients showed PON phenotype 1, 21% PON phenotype 2, and 5% PON phenotype 3. Compared to hemodialysis patients with PON 1, patients with PON 2 or 3 showed higher conversion rates for 4‐nitrophenylacetate. We observed a significant reduction of PON ratio with increasing dialysis vintage (P < 0.001 by ANOVA and post test for linear trend). In patients on hemodialysis treatment for less than 12 months, the PON ratio was 1.16 ± 0.08 (n = 64). In patients on hemodialysis treatment for more than 60 months the PON ratio was 1.00 ± 0.04 (n = 130; P = 0.05). This reduction of PON activity was due to reduced 4‐nitrophenylacetate‐derived PON activity with increasing dialysis vintage. In conclusion, plasma PON ratio significantly declines with increasing dialysis vintage.
Association Between Platelet‐Related Hemostasis Impairment and Functional Iron Deficiency in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Zupan Irena P , Sabovic Miso , Salobir Barbara , Ponikvar Jadranka B , Cernelc Peter , Lavre Janez , Vujkovac Bojan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHemostasis impairment and iron deficiency are relatively frequent in hemodialysis patients. Both conditions may contribute to anemia. The aim of our study was to explore possible associations between hemostasis impairment and iron deficiency by employing recently introduced methods for measurement of both conditions. Sixty‐three hemodialysis patients were studied, with 30 age‐matched, healthy controls. Hemostasis impairment was detected by in vitro closure time tests (collagen/epinephrine cartridge: CEPI; collagen/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) cartridge: CADP), whereas (functional) iron deficiency was measured by reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) and the percentage of hypochromic red cells (HRC). We found that the patient group (N = 14) with functional iron deficiency (CHr < 29) had significantly delayed in vitro closure times in comparison to the patients (N = 49) without functional iron deficiency. Furthermore, both types of closure time (CEPI and CADP) correlate highly significantly with CHr (P = 0.002, and P = 0.001). Such an association was not observed between in vitro closure time and HRC. We found a significant correlation between hemostasis impairment (measured by in vitro closure time) and iron deficiency (measured by CHr) in hemodialysis patients. This correlation has not previously been reported. It seems that in hemodialysis patients the hemostasis impairment affects (functional) iron deficiency, most likely by facilitating excessive blood loss and consequent iron deficiency. Thus, it appears that a delayed in vitro closure time along with decreased CHr may identify hemodialysis patients who suffer (occult) blood loss and/or excessive blood loss during hemodialysis procedure. The clinical value of this finding should be tested in larger studies.
DETECTION OF THE INDIGENOUS SALMONELLA LEVEL IN A RADIATION‐STERILIZED PURE CULTURE AND MEAT MODEL SYSTEM
Authors: KIM DONG HO , YUN HYE‐JEONG , LEE WOO‐YIEL , JO CHEORUN 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT The quantitative detection of the radiation‐sterilized Salmonella typhimurium in a pure culture and ground beef, pork and chicken meat model system was evaluated using a visual immunoprecipitate (VIP) assay kit and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The VIP kit and ELISA detected 105 cells/mL or above of the enriched culture of S. typhimurium, and the detection limit of the irradiated Salmonella was comparable to that of the intact cells. There was no significant difference between the detection limit of the enriched culture and that of inoculated and irradiated S. typhimurium in model system of ground beef, pork and chicken. Irradiation did not give any effect on the immunochemical detection of S. typhimurium within a dose of 5 kGy; therefore, an immunodetection method may be a simple way for the quantitative analysis of the indigenous microbes in a radiation‐sterilized food.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSOne of the consumers' concerns about food irradiation technology is the abuse of the technology to sterilize food products without meeting the hygienic standard such as good manufacturing practice before irradiation of food. A simple method to detect the indigenous microorganism level before irradiation process is tested as a quality assurance measure using a pure culture of Salmonella typhimurium and inoculated meat model system. This simple test will be helpful by providing a trust for both consumer and manufacturer to verify that their products are produced under hygienic standard before irradiation treatment.
EFFECT OF LACTATE ENHANCEMENT ON MYOGLOBIN OXYGENATION OF BEEF LONGISSIMUS STEAKS OVERWRAPPED IN PVC AND STORED AT 4C
Authors: RAMANATHAN R. , MANCINI R.A. , KONDA M.K.R. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT Injection enhancement with lactate darkens beef; however, the mechanism is unclear. Our objective was to assess the effects of lactate on beef myoglobin oxygenation. Nine strip loins were divided in half and one of three injection treatments (negative control − not injected, positive control − injected with water, and 3% lactate − injected with a water solution of lactate) was assigned to each half using an incomplete block design. Positive control and 3% lactate loins were pumped to 110% of green weight, cut into 2.54‐cm thick steaks, overwrapped in polyvinyl chloride and stored at 4C. Steak surface darkening (L*), color stability (a* and metmyoglobin‐reducing activity), depth of oxygen penetration and myoglobin oxygenation (1 h at 4C) were evaluated on days 0, 7 and 12 of storage. Lactate darkened color, decreased surface myoglobin oxygenation and limited oxygen penetration compared with controls (P < 0.05). Color stability was improved (P < 0.05) by lactate injection. The darkening effect of lactate may be associated with decreased myoglobin oxygenation.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSCase‐ready packaging has allowed beef purveyors to enhance meat with various ingredients, resulting in increased color and shelf life. Lactate is added as an antimicrobial agent; however, this beneficial effect can be somewhat diminished by lactate‐induced darkening. Research assessing the mechanism(s) of lactate‐induced beef color darkening is limited with previous research focused on determining the mechanism of lactate‐induced color stability. The current research will give a better understanding of the role of lactate as an ingredient in beef steak darkening and, thus, provide a foundation that can be used to develop strategies to improve meat color.
EFFECT OF APPLE POLYPHENOL ON OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF SLICED COOKED CURED BEEF AND PORK HAMS DURING CHILLED STORAGE
Authors: SUN W.Q. , ZHANG Y.J. , ZHOU G.H. , XU X.L. , PENG Z.Q. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe effects of apple polyphenol (AP) on color, lipid and protein oxidation in sliced cooked cured hams (SCCHs) made of pork and beef during chilled storage were investigated. SCCH samples with no antioxidant added and those treated with vitamin C were used as controls. The results indicated that addition of 500 ppm AP to the samples significantly inhibited discoloration in pork SCCH, but not in beef; all the AP treatments (with 300, 500 and 1,000 ppm AP) successfully inhibited lipid oxidation of both pork and beef SCCHs with the lipid of pork SCCH more effectively protected than that of beef SCCH. However, no effect on protein oxidation as measured carbonyl group accumulation was observed in both pork and beef SCCH treated with AP at the dose used in this study. AP was generally an effective antioxidant.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe results of the present study indicate that apple polyphenol (AP) may be used to retain the quality of hams in chilled storage and of other meat products in quality storage. However, different concentrations of AP have different effects on stored meat products, and the same concentration of AP may produce different effects on different meat products. Therefore, a test should be performed before application of AP to a specific meat product in meat industry.
EFFECTS OF CASEINATE, WHEY AND MILK PROTEINS ON EMULSIFIED BEEF MEAT BATTERS PREPARED WITH DIFFERENT PROTEIN LEVELS
Authors: YOUSSEF MOHAMED K. , BARBUT SHAI 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT The effects of meat protein substitution (2%) with sodium caseinate, milk protein isolates or whey protein isolates (WPI) at varying levels of meat protein (13–15%) were studied in emulsified beef meat batters prepared with canola oil (25%). Increasing meat protein to 14 and 15% resulted in less stable emulsions (higher cook loss) compared with the 13% protein. At an equal protein level, all dairy proteins reduced cook loss (P < 0.05) compared with the all meat protein treatments. Overall, WPI provided the best emulsifying and moisture retention. Increasing the protein content also resulted in higher hardness and springiness values in all treatments. The addition of dairy protein resulted in softer, lighter and less red products compared with the all meat controls; colors being affected by the dairy protein source and protein content. Light microscopy revealed that increasing protein content caused some fat globule coalescence and more protein aggregation. WPI formed distinct dairy protein gel regions within the meat batter matrix, which appeared to interact with meat protein matrix.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe main goal of this study was to understand the effects of partially substituting meat proteins with dairy proteins on the performance (cook loss and textural properties) of comminuted meat batters prepared with canola oil. The incorporation of canola oil, instead of animal fat, offers a new healthy alternative to the consumer but has its challenges in terms of keeping this liquid oil (high unsaturation level) within the meat product).
Effects of Riboflavin Photosensitization on Daidzein and Its Photosensitized Derivatives
Authors: Park ChanUk , Yeo JuDong , Park MinHee , Park Jin‐Byung , Lee JaeHwan 
Published: September 2010

Abstract: Photosensitized compounds from daidzein were studied in a riboflavin model system under visible light irradiation by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As the period of light irradiation increased, concentration of daidzein decreased significantly (P< 0.05) and new peaks of daidzein derivatives were observed and changed during photosensitization. Three new peaks from photosensitized daidzein were tentatively identified as 7‐, 3′, 4′‐trihydroxyisoflavone (or 3′‐hydroxydaidzein) and 2 dimmers of daidzein by a combination of HPLC‐mass spectrometry (MS) and retention times of standard compounds by HPLC. Addition of sodium azide and removal of headspace oxygen treatment affected the formation of newly formed peaks. The type I pathway of riboflavin photosensitization played more important roles than type II pathways on the formation of daidzein derivatives.Practical Application: Isoflavones are important phytochemicals found in soy foods. Generally, many foods containing soy ingredients are displayed under visible light irradiation. Also, riboflavin can be found in many foods containing vegetables. The results of this study can be used to understand the stability and changes of isoflavone aglycones in soy and soy‐based foods under visible light irradiation.
Detection of Target Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Antigen in Orange Juice and Popular Carbonated Beverages Using Antibody‐Dependent Antigen‐Capture Assays
Authors: Principato MaryAnn , Njoroge Joyce M. , Perlloni Andrei , Donnell Michael O’ , Boyle Thomas , Jones, Jr Robert L. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  There is a critical need for qualitative and quantitative methodologies that provide the rapid and accurate detection of food contaminants in complex food matrices. However, the sensitivity of the assay can be affected when antigen‐capture is applied to certain foods or beverages that are extremely acidic. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of orange juice and popular carbonated soft drink upon the fidelity of antibody‐based antigen‐capture assays and to develop simple approaches that could rescue assay performance without the introduction of additional or extensive extraction procedures. We examined the effects of orange juice and a variety of popular carbonated soft drink beverages upon a quantitative Interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay system and a lateral flow device (LFD) adapted for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in foods. Alterations in the performance and sensitivity of the assay were directly attributable to the food matrix, and alterations in pH were especially critical. The results demonstrate that approaches such as an alteration of pH and the use of milk as a blocking agent, either singly or in combination, will partially rescue ELISA performance. The same approaches permit lateral flow to efficiently detect antigen.Practical Application:  The authors present ways to rescue an ELISA assay compromised by acidity in beverages and show that either the alteration of pH, or the use of milk as a blocking agent are not always capable of restoring the assay to its intended efficiency. However, the same methods, when employed with lateral flow technology, are rapid and extremely successful.
Minimal Effects of High‐Pressure Treatment on Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Inoculated into Peanut Butter and Peanut Products
Authors: Grasso Elizabeth M. , Somerville Jeremy A. , Balasubramaniam V.M. , Lee Ken 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  About 1.2 billion pounds of peanut butter are consumed annually in the United States. In 2008 to 2009, an outbreak involving Salmonella Typhimurium in peanut butter led to a recall of over 3900 products by over 200 companies. More than 700 people became sick, 100 were hospitalized, and 9 people died from this outbreak. This study examines the efficacy of high‐pressure processing (HPP) to decrease S. Typhimurium American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 53647 inoculated into peanut butter and model systems. The viability of S. Typhimurium in peanut butter stored at room temperature was investigated. A culture of S. Typhimurium (6.88 log CFU/g) was inoculated into peanut butter. Following 28 d at 20 °C there was a 1.23‐log reduction. Approximately 106 to 107 CFU/g S. Typhimurium were inoculated into 4 brands of peanut butter, 3 natural peanut butters and peanut flour slurries at 2, 5, and 10% peanut flour protein in peanut oil and in distilled water. All were treated at 600 MPa for 5 min at 45 °C. While significant differences were found between natural peanut butter and peanut protein mixtures, the reduction was <1.0 log. The peanut flour/oil mixtures had a 1.7, 1.6, and 1.0‐log reduction from HPP (2, 5, and 10% protein, respectively) whereas peanut flour/water mixtures had a 6.7‐log reduction for all protein levels. Oil had a protective effect indicating HPP may not help the microbial safety of water‐in‐oil food emulsions including peanut butter.Practical Application:  There have been multiple outbreaks of foodborne illness involving peanut butter products. This study looks at the potential use of high‐pressure processing to reduce the bacteria that may be in peanut butter.