bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo flow cytometric Pig‐a and micronucleus assays: Highly sensitive discrimination of the carcinogen/noncarcinogen pair benzo(a)pyrene and pyrene using acute and repeated‐dose designs
Authors: Torous Dorothea K. , Phonethepswath Souk , Avlasevich Svetlana L. , Mereness Jared , Bryce Steven M. , Bemis Jeffrey C. , Weller Pamela , Bell Sara , Gleason Carol , Custer Laura L. , MacGregor James T. , Dertinger Stephen D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCombining multiple genetic toxicology endpoints into a single in vivo study, and/or integrating one or more genotoxicity assays into general toxicology studies, is attractive because it reduces animal use and enables comprehensive comparative analysis using toxicity, metabolism, and pharmacokinetic information from the same animal. This laboratory has developed flow cytometric scoring techniques for monitoring two blood‐based genotoxicity endpoints—micronucleated reticulocyte frequency and gene mutation at the Pig‐a locus—thereby making combination and integration studies practical. The ability to effectively monitor these endpoints in short‐term and repeated dosing schedules was investigated with the carcinogen/noncarcinogen pair benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and pyrene (Pyr). Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated via oral gavage for 3 or 28 consecutive days with several dose levels of Pyr, including maximum tolerated doses. BP exposure was administered by the same route but at one dose level, 250 or 125 mg/kg/day for 3‐day and 28‐day studies, respectively. Serial blood samples were collected up to Day 45, and were analyzed for Pig‐a mutation with a dual labeling method (SYTO 13 in combination with anti‐CD59‐PE) that facilitated mutant cell frequency measurements in both total erythrocytes and the reticulocyte subpopulation. A mutant cell enrichment step based on immunomagnetic column separation was used to increase the statistical power of the assay. BP induced robust mutant reticulocyte responses by Day 15, and elevated frequencies persisted until study termination. Mutant erythrocyte responses lagged mutant reticulocyte responses, with peak incidences observed on Day 30 of the 3‐day study (43‐fold increase) and on Day 42 of the 28‐day study (171‐fold increase). No mutagenic effects were apparent for Pyr. Blood samples collected on Day 4, and Day 29 for the 28‐day study, were evaluated for micronucleated reticulocyte frequency. Significant increases in micronucleus frequencies were observed with BP, whereas Pyr had no effect. These results demonstrate that Pig‐a and micronucleus endpoints discriminate between these structurally related carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic agents. Furthermore, the high sensitivity demonstrated with the enrichment protocol indicates that the Pig‐a endpoint is suitable for both repeated‐dose and acute studies, allowing integration of mutagenic and clastogenic endpoints into on‐going toxicology studies, and use as a short‐term assay that provides efficient screening and mechanistic information in vivo. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Upregulation of astrocytes protein phosphatase‐2A stimulates astrocytes migration via inhibiting p38 MAPK in tg2576 mice
Authors: Liu Xiu‐Ping , Zheng Hong‐Yun , Qu Min , Zhang Yao , Cao Fu‐Yuan , Wang Qun , Ke Dan , Liu Gong‐Ping , Wang Jian‐Zhi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOne of the earliest neuropathological changes in Alzheimer disease (AD) is the accumulation of astrocytes at sites of β‐amyloid (Aβ) deposits, but the cause of this cellular response is unclear. As the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is significantly decreased in the AD brains, we studied the role of PP2A in astrocytes migration. We observed unexpectedly that PP2A activity associated with glial fibrillary acidic protein, an astrocyte marker, was significantly upregulated in tg2576 mice, demonstrated by an increased enzyme activity, a decreased demethylation at leucine‐309 (DM‐PP2Ac), and a decreased phosphorylation at tyrosine‐307 of PP2A (pY307‐PP2Ac). Further studies by using in vitro wound‐healing model and transwell assay demonstrated that upregulation of PP2A pharmacologically and genetically could stimulate astrocytes migration. Activation of PP2A promotes actin organization and inhibits p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK), while simultaneous activation of p38 MAPK partially abolishes the PP2A‐induced astrocytes migration. Our data suggest that activation of astrocytes PP2A in tg2567 mice may stimulate the migration of astrocytes to the amyloid plaques by p38 MAPK inhibition, implying that PP2A deficits observed in AD may cause Aβ accumulation via hindering the astrocytes migration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of BMI1 and p16 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Allegra Eugenia , Caltabiano Rosario , Amorosi Andrea , Vasquez Enrico , Garozzo Aldo , Puzzo Lidia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical evolution of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is undetectable with the current staging criteria. To more completely understand the biology of laryngeal SCC, we assessed the expression of the proteins B‐cell–specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1) and p16.MethodsWe assessed immunohistochemically the expression of BMI1 and p16 in 25 laryngeal SCCs at different stages.ResultsHigh BMI1 expression was detected in 11.7% of glottic tumors and in 50% of supraglottic tumors. No significant differences were observed in the patients' clinical data after they were stratified by the tumor expression of p16. The expression of nuclear BMI1 in the absence of p16 immunoreactivity correlated significantly with the pN status of the primary tumors.ConclusionNuclear BMI1 expression in the absence of p16 expression seems to characterize a subset of patients with a high risk of developing lymph node metastasis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Olanzapine monotherapy in posttraumatic stress disorder: efficacy in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Carey Paul , Suliman Sharain , Ganesan Keith , Seedat Soraya , Stein Dan J. 
Published: June 2012

ObjectivesAlthough there have been important advances in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), many patients fail to respond to first‐line pharmacotherapy. Limited evidence suggests that second generation antipsychotics may have a role to play as monotherapy in PTSD.MethodsWe undertook a randomized, placebo‐controlled study using flexible‐dose olanzapine monotherapy for 8 weeks in 28 adult male and female participants (mean age: 40.75 ± 11.59 years) with non‐combat related chronic PTSD. Data were analysed with repeated measures analysis of variance, using an intention to treat, last observation carried forward approach.ResultsThe olanzapine group (n = 14) demonstrated significantly greater improvement on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale from baseline to endpoint than the placebo group (n = 14) (F = 5.71, p = 0.018). Olanzapine was generally well tolerated, with no serious adverse events recorded. Substantial weight gain (6–10 kg) was, however, reported in 6/14 participants in the olanzapine group.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first controlled evidence of the efficacy of olanzapine monotherapy in an exclusively non‐combat related chronic PTSD group. Despite the small sample size, these data suggest that olanzapine may have a role in the treatment of PTSD. These findings warrant replication in a larger sample. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary supplementation with curcumin enhances metastatic growth of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice
Authors: Yan Lin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOur study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with curcumin [(1E,6E)‐1,7‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,6‐heptadiene‐3,5‐dione] on spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were fed with the AIN93G control diet or with the diet supplemented with 2 or 4% curcumin for 5 weeks at which time they were injected subcutaneously with 2.5 × 105 viable LLC cells. The subcutaneous primary tumor was surgically removed when it reached ∼ 8 mm in diameter, and the experiment was terminated 10 days after the surgery. There was no difference in pulmonary metastatic yield among the groups. Curcumin supplementation at either dietary level did not significantly increase the size of metastatic tumors; however, the combined data from both curcumin groups showed that curcumin treatment increased metastatic tumor cross‐sectional area by 46% (p < 0.05) and volume by 70% (p < 0.05) compared to the controls. Curcumin supplementation increased plasma concentrations of angiogenic factors angiogenin (p < 0.05), basic fibroblast growth factor (p < 0.05) and vascular endothelial growth factor (p < 0.05), as well as inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1β (p < 0.05) and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (p < 0.05), compared to the controls. These results demonstrate that curcumin does not prevent metastasis and indicate that it can enhance metastatic growth of LLC in mice, perhaps through upregulation of angiogenesis and inflammation.
Iron overload accelerates bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women and middle-aged men: A 3-year retrospective longitudinal study
Authors: Kim Beom-Jun , Ahn Seong Hee , Bae Sung Jin , Kim Eun Hee , Lee Seung-Hun , Kim Hong-Kyu , Choe Jae Won , Koh Jung-Min , Kim Ghi Su 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Despite extensive experimental and animal evidence about the detrimental effects of iron and its overload on bone metabolism, there have been no clinical studies relating iron stores to bone loss, especially in nonpathologic conditions. In the present study, we performed a large longitudinal study to evaluate serum ferritin concentrations in relation to annualized changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy Koreans. A total of 1729 subjects (940 postmenopausal women and 789 middle-aged men) aged 40 years or older who had undergone comprehensive routine health examinations with an average 3 years of follow-up were enrolled. BMD in proximal femur sites (ie, the total femur, femur neck, and trochanter) was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry using the same equipment at baseline and follow-up. The mean age of women and men in this study was 55.8 ± 6.0 years and 55.5 ± 7.8 years, respectively, and serum ferritin levels were significantly higher in men than in women (p &lt; 0.001). The overall mean annualized rates of bone loss in the total femur, femur neck, and trochanter were −1.14%/year, −1.17%/year, and −1.51%/year, respectively, in women, and −0.27%/year, −0.34%/year, and −0.41%/year, respectively, in men. After adjustment for potential confounders, the rates of bone loss in all proximal femur sites in both genders were significantly accelerated in a dose-response fashion across increasing ferritin quartile categories (p for trend = 0.043 to &lt;0.001). Consistently, compared with subjects in the lowest ferritin quartile category, those in the third and/or highest ferritin quartile category showed significantly faster bone loss in the total femur and femur neck in both genders (p = 0.023 to &lt;0.001). In conclusion, these data provide the first clinical evidence that increased total body iron stores could be an independent risk factor for accelerated bone loss, even in healthy populations. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Mice embryology: A microscopic overview
Authors: Salvadori Maria Letícia Baptista , Lessa Thais Borges , Russo Fabiele Baldino , Fernandes Renata Avancini , Kfoury José Roberto , Braga Patricia Cristina Baleeiro Beltrão , Miglino Maria Angélica 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this work, we studied the embryology of mice of 12, 14, and 18 days of gestation by gross observation, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Grossly, the embryos of 12 days were observed in C‐shaped region of the brain, eye pigmentation of the retina, first, second, and third pharyngeal arches gill pit nasal region on the fourth ventricle brain, cervical curvature, heart, liver, limb bud thoracic, spinal cord, tail, umbilical cord, and place of the mesonephric ridge. Microscopically, the liver, cardiovascular system and spinal cord were observed. In the embryo of 14 days, we observed structures that make up the liver and heart. At 18 days of gestation fetuses, it was noted the presence of eyes, mouth, and nose in the cephalic region, chest and pelvic region with the presence of well‐developed limbs, umbilical cord, and placenta. Scanning electron microscopy in 18 days of gestation fetuses evidenced head, eyes closed eyelids, nose, vibrissae, forelimb, heart, lung, kidney, liver, small bowel, diaphragm, and part of the spine. The results obtained in this work describe the internal and external morphology of mice, provided by an integration of techniques and review of the morphological knowledge of the embryonic development of this species, as this animal is of great importance to scientific studies. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection and identification of genetically modified EE‐1 brinjal (Solanum melongena) by single, multiplex and SYBR® real‐time PCR
Authors: Ballari Rajashekhar V , Martin Asha , Gowda Lalitha R 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Brinjal is an important vegetable crop. Major crop loss of brinjal is due to insect attack. Insect‐resistant EE‐1 brinjal has been developed and is awaiting approval for commercial release. Consumer health concerns and implementation of international labelling legislation demand reliable analytical detection methods for genetically modified (GM) varieties.RESULTS: End‐point and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were used to detect EE‐1 brinjal. In end‐point PCR, primer pairs specific to 35S CaMV promoter, NOS terminator and nptII gene common to other GM crops were used. Based on the revealed 3′ transgene integration sequence, primers specific for the event EE‐1 brinjal were designed. These primers were used for end‐point single, multiplex and SYBR‐based real‐time PCR. End‐point single PCR showed that the designed primers were highly specific to event EE‐1 with a sensitivity of 20 pg of genomic DNA, corresponding to 20 copies of haploid EE‐1 brinjal genomic DNA. The limits of detection and quantification for SYBR‐based real‐time PCR assay were 10 and 100 copies respectively.CONCLUSION: The prior development of detection methods for this important vegetable crop will facilitate compliance with any forthcoming labelling regulations. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Ten steps to enchanting your employees
Authors: Kawasaki Guy 
Published: June 2012

AbstractKawasaki believes that leaders should enchant their employees, who operate on the front lines of a business. This creates and sustains a sense of delight. It comprises such properties as trustworthiness, likability, endurance, preparation and overcoming resistance. He presents ten ways to accomplish enchantment, including providing a MAP (Meaning, Autonomy, Purpose), empowering people to do the right thing, and getting a devil's advocate. Be wary of money as a source of enchantment. Pay fairly, but make sure that employees work hard because they really believe in what the organization produces, not just for a paycheck.
Leading in 24/7: What is required?
Authors: Helgesen Sally 
Published: June 2012

Abstract“The convergence of demographic, economic, and technological shifts,” Helgesen writes, “and the radical social change this convergence creates, is altering our understanding of the essential tasks of leadership.” She outlines several key capabilities that leaders must have in a 24/7 world, including leading people who have different values, practicing inclusion, and supporting self‐renewing cultures. The latter is especially important due to the crushing pace and intensity of an always‐on environment, and means that individuals within these cultures must “find fresh sources of energy, inspiration, and commitment over time.”
Long live bureaucracy!
Authors: Feser Claudio 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn determining the right structure for an organization and for it to operate most effectively and efficiently, Feser says we need to develop “a more nuanced and articulated perspective on hierarchies.” The latter can help organizations (especially large ones) to organize the work of many people while implementing the firm's strategy. Using examples from such companies as Toyota, Nestlé and Whole Foods, he says effective and adaptive organizations display three key principles: prioritizing an organization's objectives and scope; creating self‐managed performance cells; and building on standards set in such areas as finance, human resources, and information technology.
Calderón‐type theorems for operators with non‐standard endpoint behavior on Lorentz spaces
Authors: Malý Lukáš 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe Calderón theorem states that every quasilinear operator, which is bounded both from \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$L^{p_1,1}$\end{document} to \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$L^{q_1,\infty }$\end{document}, and from \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$L^{p_2,1}$\end{document} to \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$L^{q_2,\infty }$\end{document} for properly ordered values of p1, p2, q1, q2, is bounded on some rearrangement‐invariant space if and only if the so‐called Calderón operator is bounded on the corresponding representation space. We will establish Calderón‐type theorems for non‐standard endpoint behavior, where Lorentz Λ and M spaces will be the endpoints of the interpolation segment. Two distinctive types of non‐standard behavior are to be discussed; we’ll explore the operators bounded both from Λ(X1) to Λ(Y1), and from Λ(X2) to M(Y2) using duality arguments, thus, we need to study the operators bounded both from Λ(X1) to M(Y1), and from M(X2) to M(Y2) first. For that purpose, we evaluate Peetre's K‐functional for varied pairs of Lorentz spaces.
Wear analysis of rolled and ground iron‐based‐alloy‐coatings with and without hard material reinforcement
Authors: Tillmann W. , Luo W. , Tekkaya A.E. , Franzen V. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn dieser Forschungsarbeit wird das Verschleißverhalten thermisch gespritzter Verschleißschutzschichten, welche entweder in einem inkrementellen Glattwalz‐ oder Schleifprozess geglättet wurden, mittels Pin‐on‐Disk‐Test untersucht. Hierbei wurden die beiden lichtbogengespritzten Eisenbasislegierungsschichten WSC‐FeCSiMn und FeCrBSiMn gegenübergestellt. Zunächst wurden die unterschiedlich nachbearbeiteten Schichtsysteme anhand von Bestimmung der Topographie und Morphologie charakterisiert. In den anschließend durchgeführten Verschleißuntersuchungen wurden zwei unterschiedliche Verschleißgegenkörper aus Edelstahl und Keramik verwendet. Um die daraus resultierten unterschiedlichen Verschleißmechanismen zu bestimmen, wurden die Verschleißspuren im Rasterelektronenmikroskop untersucht.
Metal‐Plastic‐Hybrids: Investigations about the mechanism of the uretdione powder system adhesive layer
Authors: Bräuer M. , Edelmann M. , Häußler L. , Kühnert I. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMetall‐Kunststoff‐Verbunde erlauben die Kombination der Eigenschaften der Einzelkomponenten in einem Bauteil: die sehr hohe Steifigkeit und Festigkeit der Metallkomponente sowie die sehr guten Formgebungsmöglichkeiten der spezifisch leichteren Kunststoffkomponente. Das ermöglicht die Herstellung von innovativen Bauteilen mit zunehmender Funktionsintegration. Eine effektive und kostengünstige Technologie zur Herstellung solcher Metall‐Kunststoff‐Verbunden stellt das Montagespritzgießen dar. Wir untersuchen Dreischichtverbunde aus Stahlblech, der Weichkomponente Thermoplastisches Polyurethan (TPU) und einer Adhäsionsschicht aus einem Niedertemperatur‐Uretdion‐Polyurethan‐Pulverlack in zwei unterschiedlichen Aushärtungsstufen, der Allophanat‐ und der Urethangruppenstufe. Das Ziel der Arbeiten besteht in der Aufklärung des Einflusses der zwei Aushärtungsstufen der Adhäsionsschicht auf die Verbundfestigkeit der Dreischichtverbunde. Die Ergebnisse der Modellversuche und der analytischen Untersuchungen korrelieren mit dem Befund der Verbundfestigkeit und erlauben die Formulierung von zwei Thesen: der Anschmelz‐ und der Reaktionsthese.
The soluble pyocins S2 and S4 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa bind to the same FpvAI receptor
Authors: Elfarash Ameer , Wei Qing , Cornelis Pierre 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSoluble (S‐type) pyocins are Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriocins that kill nonimmune P. aeruginosa cells by gaining entry via a specific receptor, which, in the case of pyocin S2, is the siderophore pyoverdine receptor FpvAI, and in the case of pyocin S3, FpvAII. The nucleic acid sequence at the positions 4327697–4327359 of P. aeruginosa PAO1 genome was not annotated, but it was predicted to encode the immunity gene of the flanking pyocin S4 gene (PA3866) based on our analysis of the genome sequence. Using RT‐PCR, the expression of the immunity gene was detected, confirming the existence of an immunity gene overlapping the S4 pyocin gene. The PA3866 coding for pyocin S4 and the downstream gene coding for the immunity protein were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and the His‐tagged S4 pyocin was obtained in pure form. Forty‐three P. aeruginosa strains were typed via PCR to identify their ferripyoverdine receptor gene (fpvAI–III) and were tested for their sensitivity to pyocin S4. All S4‐sensitive strains had the type I ferripyoverdine receptor fpvA gene. Some S4‐resistant type I fpvA‐positive strains were detected, but all of them had the S4 immunity gene, and, following the deletion of the immunity gene, became S4‐sensitive. The fpvAI receptor gene was deleted in a S4‐sensitive strain, and, as expected, the mutant became resistant to S4. The N‐terminal receptor binding domain (RBD) of pyocin S2, which also uses the FpvAI receptor to enter the cell, was cloned in the pET‐15b vector, and expressed in E. coli. When the purified RBD was mixed with pyocin S4 at different ratios, an inhibition of killing was observed, indicating that S2 RBD competes with the pyocin S4 for the binding to the FpvAI receptor. The S2 RBD was also shown to enhance the expression of the pvdA pyoverdine gene, suggesting that it, like pyoverdine, works via the known siderophore‐mediated signalization pathway.