bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Antibodies against Equine Influenza Virus in Foals and their Interference with Vaccination
Authors: van Oirschot J. T. , Bruin G. , de Boer‐Luytze E. , Smolders G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFoals that were born to mares vaccinated twice a year against influenza had moderate to high haemagglutination‐inhibition antibody titers at 24 hours after birth. The foals were vaccinated at six and ten weeks of age, and again at three to five months after birth. Four months after the third vaccination no antibodies against A/H7N7 and A/H3N8 influenza viruses were detected in these foals. Thus, maternal antibodies probably prevented the development of antibodies against equine influenza virus after vaccination. Foals born to the same mares one year later were monitored to determine the rate of decline of maternal antibodies against influenza viruses. Antibody titers of the foals shortly after birth were similar to those of the mares at foaling. The antibodies persisted for three to six months, and their biological half‐life was estimated to be approximately 38 days. Two vaccinations of foals against influenza after the maternal antibodies had virtually disappeared resulted in an antibody response in most, but still not all, foals. These findings suggest that foals should not be vaccinated against influenza until maternal antibodies have disappeared.
Protective Activity to Murine Experimental Brucellosis Conferred by Monoclonal Antibody ISS/32 Anti‐B. abortus
Authors: Adone R. , Ciuchini F. , Pistoia C. , Marcon G. , Piccininno G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe protective properties of the monoclonal antibody ISS/32 anti‐B. abortus were estimated by splenic infection with B. abortus 544. Five groups of Balb/c mice were used: two groups, previously vaccinated with a 45/20 antigen and a‐LPS antigen, were challenged after 30 days intravenously by inoculation of 2.105cells of B. abortus 544, one group was challenged with the same dose of B. abortus 544 preincubated with MAb‐ISS/32 and another one with B. abortus 544 incubated with negative serum; the fifth group infected with B. abortus 544 only served as control.The results, expressed as an index of splenic infection, show significant protective properties of monoclonal antibody ISS/32. The infection index in the MAb‐ISS/32 group of mice was a bit lower than in B. abortus 45/20 vaccine group.
Induction of Anti‐Phagocytic Surface Properties of Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine Mastitis by Growth in Milk Whey
Authors: Mamo Wubshet , Sandgren Charlotte Hallén , Lindahl Mats , Jonsson Per 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe respiratory burst activity of bovine polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells in response to milk whey‐ and TSB‐grown S. aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis was studied in whole blood chemiluminescence (CL) and in a CL system with purified bovine neutrophils. In both cases milk whey‐grown S. aureus strains elicited significantly less CL than homologous strains grown in TSB. Ingestion of milk whey‐grown S. aureus strains by bovine neutrophils was also considerably lower than that of the corresponding homologous organisms grown in TSB. Binding of complement factor C3 to serum‐opsonized milk whey‐grown S. aureus strains was lower compared with TSB‐grown homologous organisms. Moreover, 5 of 6 S. aureus strains grown in milk whey were significantly more resistant to in vivo clearance from the peritoneal cavity of mice compared with homologous bacteria grown in TSB.S. aureus strains grown in TSB exhibited hydrophobic surface properties, whereas homologous strains grown in milk whey were hydrophilic.
Animal poxviruses transmitted from cat to man: current event with lethal end
Authors: Czerny C.‐P. , Eis‐Hübinger A. M. , Mayr A. , Schneweis K. E. , Pfeiff B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryWe report about the infection of an 18‐year‐old man with an orthopox virus (OPV) which was transmitted by a cat. The infectious route from cat to man could be proved by epidemiological, virological and serological methods. The corresponding techniques are described.The patient had not been vaccinated against smallpox and was intensively immunosuppressed by medication on account of a severe endogeneous eczema combined with an allergic asthma bronchiale. A cyclic poxvirus disease developed with a generalised, partly confluent pox virus exanthema disseminated over the body. The clinical symptoms were similar to a “variola pustulosa haemorrhagica”. The young man died of a lung embolism in the course of the intensive medical therapy.The haemorrhagic character of the pox virus pustules with central necrosis (pox navel) could be reproduced in the rabbit skin and on chorioallantois membranes. The pox virus isolated from the patient could be differentiated from variola, vaccinia and monkeypox virus. It is a member of the group of “cowpox‐like viruses”.The environmental importance of these OPVs is discussed.
Attempts to Immunoprotect Adult Horses, Specifically Pregnant Mares, with Commercial Vaccines against Clinical Disease Induced by Equine Herpesvirus‐1
Authors: Bürki F. , Nowotny N. , Oulehla J. , Schmehlik O. , Möstl K. , Pallan C. , Rossmanith E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn a project lasting 4 years more than 300 Lipizzans, around 180 of them adults, were vaccinated systematically against Equine Herpesvirus‐1 (EHV‐1) and representative groups thereof were serologically controlled for their antibody responses. In part, vaccination intervals recommended on packing slips were followed, in part other intervals, implicated by intermediary results, were used. A live virus vaccine proved ineffective if humoral antibodies were present. An oil‐adjuvanted vaccine proved of highest antiviral immunogenicity, but after repeated revaccinations caused severe local reactions so frequently that we had to discontinue its use in adults. Fetal calf serum originating from the cell cultures used for viral propagation and not eliminated from the marketed product, was accused of being responsible for the incompatibilities. An inactivated mixed virus vaccine was of weak antigenicity regarding its EHV‐1 component (whereas good regarding the influenza viruses) so that it proved unsatisfactory for primary immunization. It was, however, potent enough, and clinically well tolerated, to maintain suitable antibody levels in horses which had been initially primed by the oil‐adjuvanted vaccine. Consequently, optimal humoral immunity as well as clinical acceptability resulted when two different vaccines were used, one for induction, the other for maintenance of protection. Vaccination intervals different from those on the packing slips are recommended for the mixed vaccine.
Bèta‐Hemolytic Streptococci from Pigs: Bacteriological Diagnosis
Authors: Hommez J. , Devriese L. A. , Castryck F. , Miry C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBèta‐hemolytic streptococci from lesions in pigs were identified as S. dysgalactiae biotype “equisimilis” and S. dysgalactiae serovar L, S. porcinus, S. agalactiae, E. faecalis and CO2 dependent and broad bèta‐hemolytic S. suis. Data are provided which can be used in the interpretation of commercial identification systems. Tests results and physiological characteristics which complete identification procedures using coagglutination tests are proposed and discussed.
Primary Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Infection in Calves Following Direct Contact with a Persistently Viraemic Calf
Authors: Tråvén M. , Alenius S. , Fossum C. , Larsson B. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySix calves, aged 24 to 58 days and not previously exposed to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), were infected with this agent by nose‐to‐nose contact with a persistently BVDV viraemic calf. The study was conducted in two trials, using 3 calves in each. All 6 calves showed a peak interferon level in serum at 4 days post infection (dpi), and they seroconverted to BVDV at 16–21 dpi. The calves in trial 1 had diarrhoea for 2 or 3 days between 2 and 6 dpi and one calf again from 9 to 11 dpi. During the periods of fever, the calves were slightly depressed. Those in trial 2 were more depressed and their oral and nasal mucous membranes were reddened but they never had diarrhoea. In both trials, fever (up to 41.3°C) was a prominent symptom at 8 to 9 dpi and 2 calves showed a diphasic fever course. Respiratory affection was mild and no medical treatment was required. Haematological assessment demonstrated a transient but significant leukopenia and lymphopenia at 4 dpi (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 respectively) and 11 dpi (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively). A significant decrease in thrombocyte count was seen at 4 dpi (P < 0.05, n = 3).This study has demonstrated that nose‐to‐nose contact is an effective way of transmitting BVDV from persistently infected to susceptible cattle.
Studies on Linear Epitopes of Semliki Forest Virus in Protection Studies against Lethal Challenge Virus Infection
Authors: Truyen U. , Kaaden O.‐R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPurified reduced and non‐reduced glycoproteins E1 and E2 of Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) were used to investigate the protection potency to prevent clinical disease after lethal virus challenge. In parallel synthetic oligopeptides deduced from conserved regions of the nucleotide sequences coding for the glycoproteins E 1 and E 2 were included. It could be demonstrated that both reduced and non‐reduced glycoprotein preparations induced protection against lethal virus challenge, whereas the oligopeptides did not. The role of linear epitopes in immunity and their potential use as synthetic vaccines against Alphaviruses are critically discussed.
Comparative Studies on Bacteriolytic Properties of Staphylococcus chromogenes and Staphylococcus hyicus
Authors: Lämmler Ch. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryStaphylococcus chromogenes and Staphylococcus hyicus showed bacteriolytic activities towards a Micrococcus luteus reference strain. This was demonstrated on tryptone soya agar containing M. luteus cells. Both bacteriolytic enzymes could be isolated by ionic exchange chromatography and subsequent gel filtration. The isolated bacteriolysin of S. chromogenes lysed the M. luteus reference culture, was heat inactivated by 95°C and precipitated specifically with antiserum produced against the bacteriolysin of S. hyicus.
IgM Rheumatoid Factor in Cattle Immunized against Babesiosis
Authors: Ungar‐Waron Hanna , Paz Rita , Shkap Varda , Bin Hanna , Pipano E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPolyclonal bovine IgM‐rheumatoid factors (IgM‐RFs) were examined in sera of cattle immunized against babesiosis. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used enabling rapid screening of serum samples. Results obtained indicate a rise of serum IgM‐RF levels with age in healthy bovines. However when animals of similar age and pertaining to the same herd were examined, levels of serum IgM‐RF exhibited a wide distribution range. Mean values in 60 sera of 2 yrs old clinically healthy heifers originating from a single herd were of 452.60 ± 201.26 e. u. at 1 in 1,000 serum dilution and of 202.37 ± 137.86 e. u. at 1 in 4,000 serum dilution. In a herd where repeated vaccination of dams against babesiosis was carried out 3 to 6 weeks before delivery either with liveBabesia bovisparasites or soluble antigens ofin vitrogrown organisms, no significant differences in mean IgM‐RF values were found between revaccinated animals and a control group. Nor did the mean values of serum IgM‐RF of calves born to the respective groups of dams exhibit significant differences. It thus appears that immunization of healthy cattle against this parasite does not affect mean serum IgM‐RF levels.
Comparison of Surface Antigens of Some Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus Strains of Ovine Origin by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis and Immunoblotting
Authors: Varga J. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and immunoblotting were used to identify and to compare the surface antigens of eight C. fetus subsp. fetus strains. Seven strains (one of serogroup A and six of serogroup B) were isolated from aborted ovine fetuses, while one strain (serogroup A) originated from an aborted calf fetus. Saline extracts at 56 °C and 100 °C were used as antigens. Antisera were produced in rabbits.In saline extracts (56 °C) of the strains at least 19 fractions were identified by SDS‐PAGE, with molecular masses ranging from approx. 4,800 to 205,000. The major bands appeared at 205,000, 66,000, 31,500, 25,000, 21,000 and 17,500. Despite the fact that the strains were cultured from 4 different sheep flocks and belonged to serogroup A or B, the SDS‐PAGE profiles of the strains were very similar. When boiled (100 °C) extracts were used, a band migrating at 32,500 in sheep strains and a band at 97,500 in the calf isolate were missing. Most of the bands obtained by SDS‐PAGE could be identified also by the immunoblot procedure. A or B type specificity of the ovine isolates was due to an LPS fraction, migrating at approx. 21,000, while the other LPS fractions appearing under this region although reacted with antisera did not influence the type specificity. Using alkaline extracts (pH 12) in SDS‐PAGE, LPS fractions gave more pronounced profiles.In two of our C. fetus subsp. fetus isolates, plasmids with a molecular mass of 31,500 were identified.
The Barren Camel with Endometritis — Isolation of Trichomonas Fetus and Different Bacteria
Authors: Wernery U. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study constitutes the first reported isolation of Trichomonas fetus from the uterus of breeding camels. Twenty‐four of 68 camels, which were barren for 1–4 years were found to be positive for T. fetus. One preputial washing of a camel bull which had served the herd was found to be positive for T. fetus. The uterine flora of all camels were examined. Ten different bacterial and 2 fungal species were isolated. All samples were negative for Campylobacter sp., Taylorella equigenitalis and Streptococcus zooepidemicus.
Contribution to the Prophylaxis of Chicks Aspergillosis: Study of the Contamination of a Hatchery by Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Hamet Nicole , Seigle‐Murandi Françoise , Steiman Régine 
Published: May 2010

SummaryContamination of a hatchery by Aspergillus fumigatus has been studied for 8 weeks from eggs to day old chicks.We have shown that the contamination of the hatchery originates on the egg shell and that each time the eggs are manipulated, spores of Aspergillus fumigatus are thrown into suspension in the air.Thus it seems necessary to bring eggs with as few as possible spores of Aspergillus fumigatus on their shell into the hatchery. Prophylaxis of aspergillosis should be foreseen from the conception of the hatchery: the ventilation system and the internal lay‐out should be designed to prevent dispersion and accumulation of Aspergillus fumigatus spores during the processing of the eggs through the hatchery.
Growth ofStaphylococcus aureusandStreptococcusSpecies in Bovine Mammary Secretions During the Nonlactating and Peripartum Periods Following Intramammary Infusion of Lipopolysaccharide at Cessation of Milking
Authors: Oliver S. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe objective was to determine if induced mammary inflammation at cessation of milking influenced growth of gram‐positive mastitis pathogens in mammary secretions, particularly during early involution. Growth of all mastitis pathogens evaluated was similar in cell‐free fat‐free mammary secretions from LPS‐infused and control glands. These data indicate that intramammary infusion of LPS at cessation of milking did not alter growth of gram‐positive mastitis pathogens in mammary secretion during the nonlactating period.Stage of lactation and the nonlactating period influenced bacterial growth and marked differences between bacteria and among strains of a bacterial species were observed.Staphylococcus aureusgrew well in secretions collected during late lactation, but growth decreased during early‐ and mid‐involution and increased again in secretions obtained near parturition.Streptococcus agalactiaeandStrep. uberisgrew better in mammary secretion obtained during involution than in secretions collected during late or early lactation.Streptococcus dysgalactiaegrew well in mammary secretions at all time periods. These data demonstrate the variability of mastitis pathogen growth during physiologic transitions of the bovine udder.
Slime Capsule and Fimbriae on Salmonella typhimurium var. cop. ‐ Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Grund S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOn Salmonella typhimurium var. cop. we found, under special culture conditions, on the same cell simultaneously fimbriae and mucoid material which was histochemically identified as an acid mucopolysaccharide. Membrane vesicles or invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane are mentioned as a possible place of the slime production and the function of the glycocalyx is discussed regarding tenacity, as a diffusion barrier and attachment factor.
Genomic Distribution of a Serotype 1‐Specific Antigen‐Coding DNA Fragment ofPasteurella Haemolytica
Authors: Gonzalez Cynthia , Murtaugh M. P. , Maheswaran S. K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA genomic fragment ofPasteurella haemolyticabiotype A coding for a serotype 1‐specific agglutinating antigen was used as a probe in a series of hybridization experiments to determine distribution of the fragment in variousP. haemolyticaserotypes as well as other bacteria. Results showed presence of the fragment in seven out of the 12 serotypes tested, all of which belonged to biotype A. Two other serotypes belonging to biotype A, all three serotypes belonging to biotype T, twoPasteurella multocidaisolates andEscherichia colidid not have the fragment in their genome. Thus the expression of theP. haemolyticabiotype A serotype 1‐specific agglutinating antigen (PHA1SAA) seems to be due to serotype‐specific regulation of protein expression rather than to genetic deletion. Differences in methylation of the PHA1SAA‐coding fragment was also noted inDpnlandSau3Algenomic DNA digests from the various serotypes analyzed by Southern blot. However, no apparent correlation was observed between methylation and PHA1SAA expression.E. coliwith a recombinant plasmid containing a homologous genomic fragment derived fromP. haemolyticaserotype 2 also expressed PHA1SAA.
Isolement d'un Adénovirus Responsable d'un Cas de Pancréatite chez la Pintade
Authors: Kles Virginie , Morin M. , Plassiart G. , Guittet Michèle , Bennejean G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIsolation of an adenovirus involved in a guinea poult pancreatitis outbreakNecrotizing pancreatitis is observed in 2 to 4 week‐old guinea poult. Virus isolation was attempted from the pancreata of naturally affected birds. The isolate was identified as a type 1 adenovirus, and it reproduced the disease when inoculated to sensible guinea fowl.ZusammenfassungLa pancréatite nécrosante du pintadeau atteint des animaux âgés de 2 à 4 semaines. A partir d'organes prélevés sur pintadeaux naturellement infectés, l'isolement d'un adénovirus aviaire du groupe 1 a été réalisé. Ce virus inoculé sur pintadeaux sensibles reproduit les symptômes et lésions caractéristiques de la maladie.
The Occurrence of Streptothricosis and its Association with Amblyomma variegatum ticks in St. Lucia
Authors: Morrow A. N. , Compton E. A. E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCattle, horses, sheep and goats in all areas of St. Lucia were examined to ascertain the prevalence and distribution of streptothricosis on the island and to investigate its association with the occurrence of Amblyomma variegatum ticks. Although the disease was found to occur throughout St. Lucia it was more prevalent and generally of a more severe form in areas where A. variegatum ticks are present. A tick control programme in the North of the island appeared to have resulted in a dramatic reduction in the prevalence of the disease.
The Helminth Fauna of the Common Seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina, Linné, 1758) from the Wadden Sea in Lower Saxony Part 1: Trematodes, cestodes and acantocephala
Authors: Strauss V. , Claussen D. , Jäger Martina , Ising Susanne , Schnieder T. , Stoye M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBetween August 1988 and January 1989 110 common seals found dead along the coast of Lower Saxony were investigated for the occurrence of trematodes, cestodes and acantocephala. Two fluke species, Cryptocotyle lingua Creplin, 1825 and Phagicola septentrionalis Van den Broek, 1967, two tapeworm species Diphyllobothrium cordatum Leuckart, 1863 and Diphyllobothrium elegans Krabbe, 1865, and the acanthocephala species Corynosoma strumosum Rudolphi, 1802 were found. Phagicola septentrionalis and the cestodes were always found together with Cryptocotyle lingua. The prevalence of Phagicola septentrionalis, the diphyllobothriids and the acanthocephala increased with increasing age of the pinniped host. The worm counts of all species appeared to increase with increasing age of the host. The adult male seals were more often infested with Phagicola septentrionalis and cestodes than the female adults and the younger pinnipeds. There was no correlation between blubber thickness of the seals and parasitic infection. The prevalence of the diphyllobothriids and the intensity of the infection with acanthocephala were higher in seals found in the eastern part of the Wadden Sea.
Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Authors: Leyán V. , Norambuena L. , Mena Marianela , Folch H. , Esquivel P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe early steps of thyroid damage in experimentally induced autoimmune thyroiditis in mice were studied.Mice were immunized with 150μg of rat thyroglobulin followed by 20 μg of bacterial LPS 3h later on day 0 and 7. Thyroid glands were obtained on days 14, 21 and 28 in order to be studied by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunocytochemical techniques.The initial lesion was a focal inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and lympho‐blasts, and plasma cells as the damage progressed. In some cases an increase in neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils was also seen. The infiltrate became multifocal and eventually diffuse and in few cases germinal center‐like structures were seen. The cellular infiltrate corresponded to IgG, IgM and IgA bearing B cells and to a lesser degree Thy 1.2, Lyt 1 and Lyt 2 bearing T cells. Follicular alterations corresponded to different degenerative states of the follicular cells that in some cases was seen without the participation of lymphoid cells. Another mechanism observed was the migration of small lymphoid cells and plasma cells between the follicular cells.
Characterization of a New Fimbrial Antigen Present in Escherichia coli strains Isolated from Calves*
Authors: Varga J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThirteen Escherichia coli strains isolated from calves with diarrhoea, supposed to carry a common antigen were examined for their hemagglutinating activity and compared by bacterial agglutination, double diffusion in two dimensions and by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Two of the strains were examined also in the electron microscope. Most of the strains agglutinated red blood cells of horse, ox, guinea pig and chicken, of which the agglutination of ox erythrocytes was mannose‐resistant (MRHA). None of the strains agglutinated human erythrocytes. All strains with MRHA of ox red blood cells, regardless to their O: K: H antigens could be agglutinated in unabsorbed or absorbed antisera produced against cultures C1209 (020: K‐: H9) and C1213 (09: K36: H‐) when live cells as antigens were used. None of these sera agglutinated reference strains carrying K88, K99, 987P, F41 or FY (Att25) antigen respectively. By the double gel diffusion test and by CIE in extracts (60°C) of the strains a common heat labile antigen, responsible for the MRHA of ox red blood cells was identified. Electron microscopy revealed that this common antigen was represented by thin, long, hair‐like fimbriae on cells of E. coli C1213, and that specific homologous antibodies attached to these fimbriae.