bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amazon's evolving ecosystem: A cyber‐bookstore and Application Service Provider
Authors: Isckia Thierry 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAmazon.com has been through several stages of development: first as a cyber‐bookstore, then a cyber‐market, and now an Application Service Provider (ASP). I apply the concept of “business ecosystem” to describe the evolution of Amazon.com, and highlight the role of web services in the shaping of its ecosystem. The company plays a central role in the ecosystem, working with a network of partners to bring products and services to customers. By continually trying to improve the health of its ecosystem, Amazon ensures its own survival and prosperity. The mechanisms through which Amazon has created its ecosystem are discussed and ideas for firms looking to create analogous business communities are advanced. Copyright © 2009 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salting‐out crystallisation using NH3 in a laboratory‐scale gas lift reactor
Authors: Jenkins D. H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDespite the advantages offered by gas lift reactors with respect to high gas–liquid mass transfer with a low energy input, their acceptance in the crystallisation field has been slow, especially on an industrial scale. Potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and magnesium chloride hexammoniate (MgCl2·6NH3) were crystallised in a laboratory‐scale gas lift crystalliser by salting‐out using ammonia gas. Ammonia mass transfer rates were calculated for each test. To achieve maximum crystal growth, the gas rate in these reactors needs to be optimised for each crystallising system to achieve sufficient gas mass transfer as well as providing sufficient crystal slurry agitation.
Effect of gas distributor on hydrodynamics in shallow bubble column reactors
Authors: Lau Raymond , Sim Wei Shan Beverly , Mo Rujuan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe effects of gas distributor on hydrodynamics in an air–water shallow bubble column reactor are investigated. Three types of distributors, namely, single nozzle, perforated plate and porous plate are being studied. The overall gas holdup, bubble size distributions and bubble rise velocity distributions are studied over a range of superficial gas velocities. The results show that single nozzle is not suitable for shallow bed operation. While perforated plate and porous plate distributors have comparable behaviour in the absence of solids, the addition of solids particles causes the two distributors to behaviour differently. The presence of solids promotes bubble coalescence for perforated plate distributor while the same inhibits bubble coalescence for porous plate distributor.
Study of nitric acid leachout characteristics from weak base anion exchanger to maintain a specified pH regime during Gd(NO3)3 removal from moderator system of 540 MWe PHWRs
Authors: Tripathi V. S. , Balaji V. , Venkateswaran G. , Dash S. C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNitric acid leachout characteristics from weak base anion exchanger (WBA) have been experimentally evaluated as a function of total nitric acid loading at a given flow velocity. An empirical first order model is used to explain the column outlet behaviour. Based on the experimental evaluation, a column configuration of a strong acid cation exchanger (SAC) topped mixed bed of SAC and WBA followed by a 5% nitric acid loaded WBA as the bottom layer of the column has been used to remove Gd(NO3)3 from water while maintaining the column outlet pH in the range of 5.0–5.5.
Comparison of Long‐term Outcomes Following Sirolimus‐eluting Stent vs Paclitaxel‐eluting Stent Implantation in Patients with Long Calcified Coronary Lesions
Authors: Hur Seung‐Ho , Cho Yun‐Kyeong , Nam Chang‐Wook , Kim Hyungseop , Han Seong‐Wook , Kim Yoon‐Nyun , Park Hee‐Joon , Park Jong‐Seon , Shin Dong‐Gu , Kim Young‐Jo , Shim Bong‐Sup , Yang Tae‐Hyun , Kim Dae‐Kyeong , Kim Doo‐Il , Kim Dong‐Soo , Kim Kwon‐Bae 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundAlthough previously reported studies on coronary calcification mainly focused on its presence or absence in discrete focal target lesions, calcified coronary lesions (CCL) angiographically present as diffuse long lesions in some patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the long‐term efficacy of sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES) and paclitaxel‐eluting stents (PES) on long CCL.MethodsA total of 122 patients with 134 lesions (77 patients with 88 lesions for SES and 45 patients with 46 lesions for PES) were enrolled from 3 centers. Long CCL was defined visually as a culprit lesion with type B or C that was mainly due to coronary calcification with > 20 mm in total length by coronary angiography. Clinical follow‐up was performed at 1 year and angiographic follow‐up at 6 to 9 months after procedure. Major adverse coronary events (MACE) were defined as all‐cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), and repeat target‐lesion revascularization (TLR).ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in baseline, procedural, or angiographic characteristics and in 1‐year rates of all‐cause death, MI, and TLR between the 2 groups (all P = NS [not significant]). Likewise, the cumulative incidence of MACE at 1 year was similar between the 2 groups (7.8% of patients in the SES group vs 4.4% of patients in the PES group, respectively, P = NS). In patients who underwent follow‐up angiography, the angiographic binary restenosis rate was 6.2% in the SES group vs 12.1% in the PES group, respectively (P = NS).ConclusionIn patients with long CCL, both SES and PES were comparably effective in either angiographic or clinical long‐term outcomes. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Myocardial Revascularization: PCI/Stent or Coronary Artery Bypass Graft—What Is Best for Our Patients?
Authors: Richard Conti C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn my opinion, decisions regarding which type of revascularization is to be performed on a specific patient depends on vessel anatomic pathology, (ie, coronary lesion complexity). Thus, for proper decision‐making regarding the selection of the revascularization procedure, the details of the coronary angiogram, not just the number of vessels involved, must be discussed by the interventional cardiologist as well as the cardiovascular surgeon. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survey on human papillomavirus/p16 screening use in oropharyngeal carcinoma patients in the United States
Authors: Shoushtari Asal N. , Rahimi Nina P. , Schlesinger David J. , Read Paul W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive oropharyngeal carcinoma (OC) have better prognosis than patients with HPV‐negative OC. The objective of the current study was to assess how different practices across the United States treat patients with OC with respect to screening for HPV DNA or p16.METHODS:Five hundred forty‐two randomly selected radiation oncologists were sent an 11‐question survey by email regarding the use of HPV/p16 screening in OC. The questionnaire addressed demographics of the practice, intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) use, screening practices for HPV DNA or p16, which year this began, the use of HPV or p16 data to direct patient care, and future plans for its use if it had not already been instituted.RESULTS:One hundred ninety‐two responses (39.6%) were received. Thirty‐five percent of respondents (67 of 188) reported screening for HPV DNA routinely, whereas 4.8% of respondents (9 of 188) reported screening for p16. Of the physicians who did not use screening techniques, 37.2% (44 of 118 respondents) reported future plans to institute these screening techniques, 20% (9 of 45 respondents) stated plans to institute these techniques in the next 6 months, 55.5% (25 of 45 respondents) stated plans to institute these techniques within 6 months to 1 year, and 22.2% (10 of 45 respondents) stated plans to institute these techniques within 1 to 2 years. Academic physicians were more likely to use screening techniques (62.7%; P < .001) compared with private practitioners (31.4%). Only 12.4% of respondents reported using HPV or p16 data to direct care.CONCLUSIONS:Approximately 40.4% of radiation oncology practices that responded to a survey in the United States screened for HPV DNA or p16 in OC, whereas only 12.4% used it to further direct care. This number appears to be growing rapidly. Clinical trials to further elucidate how HPV or p16 status should direct care in OC are warranted. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Expression of PTPRO in the interneurons of adult mouse olfactory bulb
Authors: Kotani Takenori , Murata Yoji , Ohnishi Hiroshi , Mori Munemasa , Kusakari Shinya , Saito Yasuyuki , Okazawa Hideki , Bixby John L. , Matozaki Takashi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPTPRO is a receptor‐type protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) with a single catalytic domain in its cytoplasmic region and multiple fibronectin type III‐like domains in its extracellular region. In the chick, PTPRO mRNA has been shown to be particularly abundant in embryonic brain, and PTPRO is implicated in axon growth and guidance during embryonic development. However, the temporal and spatial expression of PTPRO protein in the mammalian CNS, particularly in the juvenile and adult mammalian brain, has not been evaluated in any detail. By immunohistofluorescence analysis with a monoclonal antibody to PTPRO, we show that PTPRO is widely expressed throughout the mouse brain from embryonic day 16 to postnatal day 1, while expression is largely confined to the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory tubercle in the adult brain. In the OB, PTPRO protein is expressed predominantly in the external plexiform layer, the granule cell layer, and the glomerular layer (GL). In these regions, expression of PTPRO is predominant in interneurons such as γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic or calretinin (CR)‐positive granule cells. In addition, PTPRO is expressed in GABAergic, CR‐positive, tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive, or neurocalcin‐positive periglomerular cells in the GL. Costaining of PTPRO with other neuronal markers suggests that PTPRO is likely to be localized to the dendrites or dendritic spines of these olfactory interneurons. Thus, PTPRO might participate in regulation of dendritic morphology or synapse formation of interneurons in the adult mouse OB. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:119–136, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scalable packet classification using a compound algorithm
Authors: Wang Pi‐Chung 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn next‐generation networks, packet classification is used to categorize incoming packets into multiple forwarding classes based on pre‐defined filters and make information accessible for quality of service or security handling in the network. To pursue better search performance, numerous algorithms of packet classification have been proposed and optimized for certain filter databases; however, these algorithms may not scale in either storage or speed performance or both for the filter databases with different characteristics. This paper presents an efficient algorithm by combining two complementary algorithms,Cross‐productingandPruned Tuple Space Search, to make packet classification both fast and scalable. Unlike the existing algorithms whose performance is contingent on the filter database attributes, our algorithm shows better scalability and feasibility. We evaluate the performance of our scheme with filter databases of varying sizes and characteristics. The experimental results demonstrate that the new algorithm improves the speed and storage performance simultaneously. We also introduce the procedure of incremental updates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The development of stimulus‐specific auditory responses requires song exposure in male but not female zebra finches
Authors: Maul Kristen K. , Voss Henning U. , Parra Lucas C. , Salgado‐Commissariat Delanthi , Ballon Douglas , Tchernichovski Ofer , Helekar Santosh A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractJuvenile male zebra finches develop their song by imitation. Females do not sing but are attracted to males' songs. With functional magnetic resonance imaging and event‐related potentials we tested how early auditory experience shapes responses in the auditory forebrain of the adult bird. Adult male birds kept in isolation over the sensitive period for song learning showed no consistency in auditory responses to conspecific songs, calls, and syllables. Thirty seconds of song playback each day over development, which is sufficient to induce song imitation, was also sufficient to shape stimulus‐specific responses. Strikingly, adult females kept in isolation over development showed responses similar to those of males that were exposed to songs. We suggest that early auditory experience with songs may be required to tune perception toward conspecific songs in males, whereas in females song selectivity develops even without prior exposure to song. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2010
Amino–Acetone‐Bridged Cyclodextrins ― Artificial Alcohol Oxidases
Authors: Marinescu Lavinia G. , Doyagüez Elisa G. , Petrillo Marta , Fernández‐Mayoralas Alfonso , Bols Mikael 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new series of α‐ and β‐cyclodextrin derivatives containing a substituted amino–acetone bridge attached to the 6A and 6D positions of the cyclodextrin are reported. The synthesis starts from the known α‐ or β‐cyclodextrin A,D‐diols, which were either oxidized to α‐ or β‐cyclodextrin A,D‐dicarbaldehydes and then coupled with 1,3‐diamino‐2‐propanol by a reductive amination reaction and further modified to give the final 6A,6D‐diamino‐6A,6D‐dideoxy‐N,N′‐(2‐oxopropa‐1,3‐dienyl)‐N,N′‐acetyl‐α‐ or ‐β‐cyclodextrin or the cyclodextrin‐diol was substituted with azide then reduced and after a few alkylation steps the final 6A,6D‐dideoxy‐N,N′‐(2‐oxopropa‐1,3‐dienyl)‐6A,6D‐(N,N,N′N′‐tetramethyldiammonio)‐α‐cyclodextrin dibromide was obtained. The new compounds display very good enzymatic catalytic properties in the oxidation of benzyl alcohols with a rate increase of up to 18500 but only appreciable catalysis for aniline oxidations. Thus, unlike previously studied cyclodextrin ketones, these new amino–acetone‐bridged cyclodextrins have high substrate selectivity and also exhibit stereoselectivity in the oxidation of different enantiomers.
Sensitized Lanthanide‐Ion Luminescence with Aryl‐Substituted N‐(2‐Nitrophenyl)acetamide‐Derived Chromophores
Authors: Andrews Michael , Ward Benjamin D. , Laye Rebecca H. , Kariuki Benson M. , Pope Simon J. A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe syntheses of the two tetraazamacrocyclic ligands L1 and L2 bearing a [(methoxy‐2‐nitrophenyl)amino]carbonyl chromophore, i.e., an N‐(methoxy‐2‐nitrophenyl)acetamide moiety, together with their corresponding lanthanide‐ion complexes are described. A combined spectroscopic (UV/VIS, 1H‐NMR), structural (X‐ray), and theoretical (DFT) investigation revealed that the absorption properties of the chromophores were dictated by the extent of electronic delocalisation, which in turn was determined by the position of the MeO substituent at the aromatic ring. X‐Ray crystallographic studies showed that when attached to the macrocycle, both isomeric forms of the N‐(methoxy‐2‐nitrophenyl)acetamide unit can participate in coordination, via the CO, to an encapsulated potassium cation. Luminescence measurements confirmed that such a binding mode also exists in solution for the corresponding lanthanide complexes (q ca. ≤1), with the para‐MeO derivative allowing longer wavelength sensitization (λex 330 nm).
Near‐Infrared Luminescence Sensing of Glutamic Acid, Aspartic Acid, and Their Dipeptides with Tris(β‐diketonato)lanthanide Probes
Authors: Tsukube Hiroshi , Yano Keiko , Shinoda Satoshi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of tris(β‐diketonato)lanthanides with Yb3+, Eu3+, and Nd3+ centers were characterized as luminescent sensing probes specific to glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and their dipeptides, which are important substrates involved in nervous systems, taste receptors, and other biological systems. In particular, tris(6,6,7,7,8,8,8‐heptafluoro‐2,2‐dimethyloctane‐3,5‐dionato)ytterbium(III) exhibited a near‐infrared emission around 980 nm in response to these biological substrates. Near‐infrared‐emissive complexes have several advantages over common luminescent probes; therefore, the proposed lanthanide complexes have potential analytical applications in proteomics, metabolics, food science, astrobiology, and related technologies.
Multiple‐Frequency and Variable‐Temperature EPR Study of Gadolinium(III) Complexes with Polyaminocarboxylates: Analysis and Comparison of the Magnetically Dilute Powder and the Frozen‐Solution Spectra
Authors: Benmelouka Meriem , Van Tol Johan , Borel Alain , Nellutla Saritha , Port Marc , Helm Lothar , Brunel Louis‐Claude , Merbach André E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of glasses and magnetically dilute powders of [Gd(DTPA)(H2O)]2−, [Gd(DOTA)(H2O)]−, and macromolecular gadolinate(1−) complexes P792 was carried out at the X‐ and Q‐bands and at 240 GHz (DTPA=diethylenetriaminepentaacetato; DOTA=1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetato). The results show that the zero‐field splitting (ZFS) parameters for these complexes are quite different in a powder as compared to the frozen aqueous solution. In several complexes, an inversion of the sign of the axial component D of the zero field splitting is observed, indicating a significant structural change. In contrary to what was expected, powder samples obtained by lyophilization do not allow a more precise determination of the static ZFS parameters. The results obtained in glasses are more relevant to the problem of electron spin relaxation in aqueous solution than those obtained from powders.
Reactivity Towards Europium(III) of the Radiolysis Products of the Ionic Liquid 1‐Methyl‐3‐butyl‐1H‐imidazolium Bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide (C4‐mimTf2N) and Effect of Water: A TRLFS (Time‐Resolved Laser‐Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy) Preliminary Study
Authors: Billard Isabelle , Georg Sylvia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe effect of laser irradiation at λexc 266 nm onto the fluorescence characteristics of EuIII in solution of the ionic liquid 1‐methyl‐3‐butyl‐1H‐imidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide (C4‐mimTf2N) was examined for various amounts of H2O added. Stable radiolytic products that were generated at very low doses (in the range of 4 kGy) were very reactive with EuIII and led to the appearance of a new europium luminescent species that was characterized by lifetime, relative intensity, and emission spectrum. Although the lifetime and the intensity depended on the H2O content, the emission spectrum was not influenced by H2O. It was shown that large amounts of H2O, although not preventing radiolysis of C4‐mimTf2N, inhibited the complexation with EuIII.
Metal‐Ion Sensing Europium(III) Complexes with Bidentate Phosphine Oxide Ligands Containing a 2,2′‐Bipyridine Framework
Authors: Hasegawa Yasuchika , Hieda Ryo , Nakagawa Tetsuya , Kawai Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNovel EuIII complexes with bidentate phosphine oxide ligands containing a bipyridine framework, i.e., [3,3′‐bis(diphenylphosphoryl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine]tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)europium(III) ([Eu(hfa)3(BIPYPO)]) and [3,3′‐bis(diphenylphosphoryl)‐6,6′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine]tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)europium(III) ([Eu(hfa)3(Me‐BIPYPO)]), were synthesized for lanthanide‐based sensor materials having high emission quantum yields and effective chemosensing properties. The emission quantum yields of [Eu(hfa)3(BIPYPO)] and [Eu(hfa)3(Me‐BIPYPO)] were 71 and 73%, respectively. Metal‐ion sensing properties of the EuIII complexes were also studied by measuring the emission spectra of EuIII complexes in the presence of ZnII or CuII ions. The metal‐ion sensing and the photophysical properties of luminescent EuIII complexes with a bidentate phosphine oxide containing 2,2′‐bipyridine framework are demonstrated for the first time.
Luminescent Nanoparticles of Silica‐Encapsulated Cadmium–Tellurium (CdTe) Quantum Dots with a Core–Shell Structure: Preparation and Characterization
Authors: Dong Haitao , Liu Yan , Ye Zhiqiang , Zhang Wenzhu , Wang Guilan , Liu Zhiguang , Yuan Jingli 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWater‐soluble thioglycolic acid (TGA)‐capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized in aqueous medium, and then encapsulated in a silica nanosphere by copolymerization of the TGA‐capped CdTe conjugated with (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APS‐CdTe conjugate), free (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (=3‐(triethoxysilyl)propan‐1‐amine; APS), and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in a H2O‐in‐oil reverse microemulsion consisting of Triton X‐100, octanol, cyclohexane, and H2O in the presence of aqueous NH3 solution. The characterizations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and luminescence spectroscopy shows that the luminescent nanoparticles are monodisperse, spherical, and uniform in size, ca. 50 nm in diameter with a regular core–shell structure. In addition, primary amino groups directly introduced to the nanoparticle's surface by using free APS in the nanoparticle preparation enable the nanoparticles to be used easier as a biolabel. The effects of pH and metal cations on the luminescence of the nanoparticles also suggest that the new nanoparticles could be useful probes for luminescent sensings of pH and Cu2+ ion.
Water Stability and Luminescence of Lanthanide Complexes of Tripodal Ligands Derived from 1,4,7‐Triazacyclononane: Pyridinecarboxamide versus Pyridinecarboxylate Donors
Authors: Nocton Grégory , Nonat Aline , Gateau Christelle , Mazzanti Marinella 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of europium(III) and terbium(III) complexes of three 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane‐based pyridine containing ligands were synthesized. The three ligands differ from each other in the substitution of the pyridine pendant arm, namely they have a carboxylic acid, an ethylamide, or an ethyl ester substituent, i.e., these ligands are 6,6′,6″‐[1,4,7‐triazacyclononane‐1,4,7‐triyltris(methylene)]tris[pyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid] (H3tpatcn), ‐tris[pyridine‐2‐carboxamide] (tpatcnam), and ‐tris[pyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid] triethyl ester (tpatcnes) respectively. The quantum yields of both the europium(III) and terbium(III) emission, upon ligand excitation, were highly dependent upon ligand substitution, with a ca. 50‐fold decrease for the carboxamide derivative in comparison to the picolinic acid (=pyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid) based ligand. Detailed analysis of the radiative rate constants and the energy of the triplet states for the three ligand systems revealed a less efficient energy transfer for the carboxamide‐based systems. The stability of the three ligand systems in H2O was investigated. Although hydrolysis of the ethyl ester occurred in H2O for the [Ln(tpatcnes)](OTf)3 complexes, the tripositive [Ln(tpatcnam)](OTf)3 complexes and the neutral [Ln(tpatcn)] complexes showed high stability in H2O which makes them suitable for application in biological media. The [Tb(tpatcn)] complex formed easily in H2O and was thermodynamically stable at physiological pH (pTb 14.9), whereas the [Ln(tpatcnam)](OTf)3 complexes showed a very high kinetic stability in H2O, and once prepared in organic solvents, remained undissociated in H2O.