bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Reinterpretation of two Chertbreccias from the Proterozoic Basins of India
Authors: Kale Vivek S. , Patil Pillai Shilpa 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Several horizons of a unique lithotype called “chertbreccia” are interbedded within the Proterozoic platform sediments of the Peninsular India. These cherty rocks with brecciated texture appearing as blocky masses were earlier diversely interpreted as being products of disparate processes such as fault-zone breccias, collapse breccias, and so on. Two of these horizons, one from the Kaladgi Basin (Dharwar Craton) and the other from the Dhar Forest Inlier of the Vindhyanchal Basin (Bundelkhand - Aravalli Craton) are compared in context of their geological setting, field relations and petrological constitution. A model of the mode of development of these peculiar rocks is reconstructed, taking into account their characters and limitations of previous interpretations. They are interpreted as transported debris deposits of syntectonogenic material released during the episodic activity of the growth faults of the Kaladgi and Vindhyanchal Basins that was diagenetically silicified.
Low self-awareness of ADHD in adults using a self-report screening questionnaire
Authors: Manor I. , Vurembrandt N. , Rozen S. , Gevah D. , Weizman A. , Zalsman G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroductionAwareness of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults has been growing over the last decade. One of the most interesting issues related to this topic is these adults’ self-awareness of their ADHD symptoms and their estimation of their own impairments. Our hypothesis while studying young adult ADHD populations was that there would be a significant difference between their self-report and their clinical assessment.MethodOne hundred and three students volunteered for this study. In order to validate our ADHD screening questionnaire (ADHD-SQ), and to assess the level of awareness they have of their own symptoms, participants underwent a complete clinical assessment for ADHD. They were divided into a control group (n = 24), and an ADHD study group (n = 79), which in turn was composed of two sub-groups, one comprising 24 ADHD predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I) and the other 55 ADHD combined type (ADHD-C).ResultsFactor analysis yielded two factors explaining 41% of the variance. The Inattention (IA) subscale score tended to be higher in both ADHD sub-groups as compared to the control group (6.5±2.1 vs. 2.34±2.3 with P<0.001), with no significant difference between the two ADHD sub-groups. Hyperactivity Impulsivity (HI) subscale was significantly higher for the ADHD-C sub-group than in the ADHD-I sub-group, whose score was similar to that of the control group (control: 1.6±2.1; ADHD-I: 1.55±1.0; ADHD-C: 4.5±2.6, P<0.0001). Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis showed similar results. The area under the curve (AUC) of IA subscale score was 0.90 (95% confidence: 0.83–0.96) and for HI subscale score was 0.75, (95% confidence: 0.63–0.86). Classification into groups used a cut-off point of 3+ items out of nine, in the SQ and 6+ items out of nine in the clinical assessment. These two classifications showed 68% agreement (46% sensitivity and 95% specificity). In both ADHD sub-groups, the self-reported average number of positive symptoms per student was relatively low for both clusters; this phenomenon was pronounced in the specific subtypes. The self-rated HI cluster score was considerably low in the ADHD-C sub-group (4.5±2.6), and the IA one was particularly low in the ADHD-IADHD-I sub-group (5.9±1.9).ConclusionThis study's results indicate that ADHD symptoms are under-reported for both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive clusters, indicating that adults with ADHD tend to under-estimate their own ADHD-related impairments. We suggest that this questionnaire may be used both in research and academic settings to help counsellors and students to obtain early indication of ADHD and to refer students suspected of having ADHD to full clinical assessment.
Validity of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement Scale in Acute Rehabilitation: A Comparison With the Functional Independence Measure and Stroke Impact Scale‐16
Authors: Ward Irene , Pivko Susan , Brooks Gary , Parkin Kate 
Published: November 2011

ObjectiveTo demonstrate sensitivity to change of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM) as well as the concurrent and predictive validity of the STREAM in an acute rehabilitation setting.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingAcute, in‐patient rehabilitation department within a tertiary‐care teaching hospital in the United States.ParticipantsThirty adults with a newly diagnosed, first ischemic stroke.MethodsClinical assessments were conducted on admission and then again on discharge from the rehabilitation hospital with the STREAM (total STREAM and upper extremity, lower extremity, and mobility subscales), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Stroke Impact Scale‐16 (SIS‐16). Sensitivity to change was determined with the Wilcoxon signed rank test and by the calculation of standardized response means. Spearman correlations were used to assess concurrent validity of the total STREAM and STREAM subscales with the FIM and SIS‐16 on admission and discharge. We determined predictive validity for all instruments by correlating admission scores with actual and predicted length of stay and by testing associations between admission scores and discharge destination (home vs subacute facility).Main OutcomesNot applicable.ResultsFor all instruments, there was statistically significant improvement from admission to discharge. The standardized response means for the total STREAM and STREAM subscales were large. Spearman correlations between the total STREAM and STREAM subscales and the FIM and SIS‐16 were moderate to excellent, both on admission and discharge. Among change scores, only the SIS‐16 correlated with the total STREAM. All 3 instruments were significantly associated with discharge destination; however, the associations were strongest for the total STREAM and STREAM subscales. All instruments showed moderate‐to‐excellent correlations with predicted and actual length of stay.ConclusionsThe STREAM is sensitive to change and demonstrates good concurrent and predictive validity as compared with the FIM and SIS‐16 in the acute inpatient rehabilitation population.
Responding to patient anger: Development and evaluation of an oncology communication skills training module
Authors: Bialer Philip A. , Kissane David , Brown Richard , Levin Tomer , Bylund Carma 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to develop a communication skills training (CST) module for oncology healthcare professionals on how to more effectively respond to patient anger. We also sought to evaluate the module in terms of participant self-efficacy and satisfaction.Method:The development of this module was based on a systematic review of the literature and followed the Comskil model previously used for other doctor–patient CST. Using an anonymous 5-point Likert scale, participants rated their pre-post self-efficacy in responding to patient anger as well as their satisfaction with the course. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t test.Results:During the academic years 2006–2009, 275 oncology healthcare professionals participated in a CST that focused on responding to patient anger. Participants' confidence in responding to patient anger increased significantly (p < 0.001) after attending the workshop. They also agreed or strongly agreed to five out of six items assessing course satisfaction 92–97% of the time.Significance of results:We have developed a CST module on how to respond to patient anger, which is both effective and useful. Training healthcare professionals to respond more effectively to patient anger may have a positive impact on the patient–physician relationship.
Perspectives of staff providing care at the end of life for people with progressive long-term neurological conditions
Authors: Wilson Eleanor , Seymour Jane , Aubeeluck Aimee 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjective:This article examines the views and opinions of staff from a larger study exploring the palliative and end-of-life care needs of patients with progressive long-term neurological conditions (PLTNC).Method:Eighty staff, in a range of professions from three types of care services provided to people with PLTNC in England, took part in 14 focus groups and 3 individual interviews. Sites included six long-term residential neurological care centers, an inpatient service at an urban hospice, and a multi-disciplinary outpatient service for people with Huntington's disease.Results:Findings show a concordance between the views of staff from across the three types of participating services. Staff placed particular emphasis on teamwork, support from community-based resources, and developing rapport with patients in order to provide high quality palliative and end-of-life care. All staff perceived that identifying the dying phase was a particular challenge, sometimes resulting in patients being admitted to hospital at the end of life in contravention of their expressed advance wishes for place of death.Significance of results:This article adds to a small body of literature that seeks staff views and opinions about the rewards and challenges of providing palliative and end-of-life care to people with complex needs arising from long-term conditions. Although this article focuses primarily on the challenges of caring for people with neurological conditions, many issues reported are of wider relevance for the delivery of palliative and end-of-life care in other conditions.
Ketamine Activates Breathing and Abolishes the Coupling between Loss of Consciousness and Upper Airway Dilator Muscle Dysfunction
Authors: Eikermann Matthias , Grosse-Sundrup Martina , Zaremba Sebastian , Henry Mark E. , Bittner Edward A. , Hoffmann Ulrike , Chamberlin Nancy L. 
Published: November 2011

Background
Procedural sedation is frequently performed in spontaneously breathing patients, but hypnotics and opioids decrease respiratory drive and place the upper airway at risk for collapse.

Methods
In a randomized, controlled, cross-over, pharmaco-physiologic study in 12 rats, we conducted acute experiments to compare breathing and genioglossus electromyogram activity at equianesthetic concentrations of ketamine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist that combines potent analgesic with hypnotic action effects, versus propofol. In 10 chronically instrumented rats resting in a plethysmograph, we measured these variables as well as electroencephalography during five conditions: quiet wakefulness, nonrapid-eye-movement sleep, rapid eye movement sleep, and low-dose (60 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and high-dose ketamine anesthesia (125 mg/kg intraperitoneally).

Results
Ketamine anesthesia was associated with markedly increased genioglossus activity (1.5 to fivefold higher values of genioglossus electromyogram) compared with sleep- and propofol-induced unconsciousness. Plethysmography revealed a respiratory stimulating effect: higher values of flow rate, respiratory rate, and duty-cycle (effective inspiratory time, 1.5-to-2-fold higher values). During wakefulness and normal sleep, the δ (f = 6.51, P = 0.04) electroencephalogram power spectrum was an independent predictor of genioglossus activity, indicating an association between electroencephalographic determinants of consciousness and genioglossus activity. Following ketamine administration, electroencephalogram power spectrum and genioglossus electroencephalogram was dissociated (P = 0.9 for the relationship between δ/θ power spectrum and genioglossus electromyogram).

Conclusions
Ketamine is a respiratory stimulant that abolishes the coupling between loss-of-consciousness and upper airway dilator muscle dysfunction in a wide dose-range. Ketamine compared with propofol might help stabilize airway patency during sedation and anesthesia.
The effects of repetitive alkaline/acid extractions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall on antioxidative and bifidogenic efficacy
Authors: Laugier Olga B. , Spasić Snezana D. , Mandić Vesna , Jakovljević Dragica , Vrvić Miroslav M. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe aim of our study was to investigate the effects of consecutive alkaline/acid extraction of cell wall of baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on products digestibility and antioxidative and bifidogenic activity. Fractions with different glucan content (49.30%, 75.54%, 93.15% and 99.54%) were isolated by alkaline/acid extraction. The digestibility of fractions in artificial saliva, gastric or pancreatic juice was low and inversely proportional to (1→3),(1→6)‐β‐d‐glucan content. Surprisingly, high (1→3),(1→6)‐β‐d‐glucan content extracts did not show any antioxidative activity, while fractions low with glucan scavenged hydroxyl radicals. This indicates that previously suggested good antioxidative capacities of similar extracts are not based on the capability of glucans to remove free radicals. In contrast, bifidogenic effects were most prominent for extract showing the highest glucan content. In conclusion, S. cerevisiae cell wall extract with high (1→3),(1→6)‐β‐d‐glucan content may represent a candidate for a food additive with prebiotic but not antioxidative effects.
Reasons for living among older male Chinese residents of veterans’ homes
Authors: Tsai Yun‐Fang , Wong Thomas K.S. , Ku Yan‐Chiou , Liu Wen‐Chien 
Published: November 2011

tsai y‐f., wong t.k.s., ku y‐c. & liu w‐c. (2012) Reasons for living among older male chinese residents of veterans’ homes. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(9), 1978–1987.AbstractAim.  The purpose of this paper was to report a study of reasons for living among older male residents of veterans’ homes in Taiwan.Background.  Suicide rates are high for older persons worldwide. Little is known about protective factors against suicide among elderly Chinese populations.Method.  A qualitative descriptive design was used. Two veterans’ homes, one government paid and one self‐paid, were randomly selected from 18 institutions throughout Taiwan. Participants were 36 residents (≥65 years) who had expressed suicidal ideas in the past 6 months but had never shown suicidal behaviours. Data were collected in individual interviews from 2006 to 2007 and analysed by content analysis.Results.  Five major themes related to reasons for living were identified: fear of death, comparative improvement in health condition, maintaining self‐dignity, family related concerns and concerns for staff.Conclusion.  Fear of death, maintaining self‐dignity and family related concerns are similar to reasons for living found in western studies, but not comparatively better health and concerns for staff. These differences may be due to our sample being veterans’ home residents rather than community‐dwelling elders and residents’ perceived social support from staff. Since most healthcare providers are nurses and nurses’ aides, they may consider promoting/maintaining older people’s health, promoting their self‐dignity, and strengthening relationships with family members and staff to strengthen protective factors against suicide in older Chinese/Asians. Given the aging population worldwide, nurses should become aware of protective factors related to suicide among older people to improve care for this population.
A comparison between micro‐CT and histology for the evaluation of cortical bone: effect of polymethylmethacrylate embedding on structural parameters
Authors: PARTICELLI F. , MECOZZI L. , BERAUDI A. , MONTESI M. , BARUFFALDI F. , VICECONTI M. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryCortical bone microstructure is an important parameter in the evaluation of bone strength. The aim of this study was to validate the characterization of human cortical bone microarchitecture using microcomputed tomography. In order to do this, microcomputed tomography structural measurements were compared with those obtained through histological examination (the gold standard). Moreover, to calculate structural parameters, microcomputed tomography images have to be binarized with the separation between bone and nonbone structures throughout a global thresholding. As the effect of the surrounding medium on the threshold value is not clear, an easy procedure to find the global uniform threshold for a given acquisition condition is applied. This work also compared the structural parameters of microcomputed tomography cortical sample scan in air or embedded in polymethylmethacrylate; histology was used as a reference. For each acquisition condition, a fixed threshold value was found and was applied on the corresponding microcomputed tomography image for the parameters assessment.Twenty cortical bone samples were collected from human femur and tibia diaphyses. All samples were microcomputed tomography scanned in air, embedded in polymethylmethacrylate, rescanned by microcomputed tomography, examined by histology and finally compared.A good correspondence between the microcomputed tomography images and the histological sections was found. Paired comparisons in cortical porosity, Haversian canal diameter and Haversian canal separation between histological sections and microcomputed tomography cross sections, first in air and then embedded in PolyMethylMethAcrylate, were made: no significant differences were found. None of the comparisons showed significant differences for cortical porosity, Haversian canal diameter and Haversian separation over a three‐dimensional volume of interest, between microcomputed tomography scans in air and with samples embedded in PolyMethylMethAcrylate.The very good correlation between bone structural measures obtained from microcomputed tomography datasets and from two‐dimensional histological sections confirms that microcomputed tomography may be an efficient tool for the characterization of cortical bone microstructure. Moreover, when the corresponding threshold value for each condition is used, structural parameters determined by microcomputed tomography are not affected by the surrounding medium (PolyMethylMethAcrylate).
Estimating selfing rates from reconstructed pedigrees using multilocus genotype data
Authors: WANG JINLIANG , EL‐KASSABY YOUSRY A. , RITLAND KERMIT 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSeveral methods have been developed to estimate the selfing rate of a population from a sample of individuals genotyped for several marker loci. These methods can be based on homozygosity excess (or inbreeding), identity disequilibrium, progeny array (PA) segregation or population assignment incorporating partial selfing. Progeny array–based method is generally the best because it is not subject to some assumptions made by other methods (such as lack of misgenotyping, absence of biparental inbreeding and presence of inbreeding equilibrium), and it can reveal other facets of a mixed‐mating system such as patterns of shared paternity. However, in practice, it is often difficult to obtain PAs, especially for animal species. In this study, we propose a method to reconstruct the pedigree of a sample of individuals taken from a monoecious diploid population practicing mixed mating, using multilocus genotypic data. Selfing and outcrossing events are then detected when an individual derives from identical parents and from two distinct parents, respectively. Selfing rate is estimated by the proportion of selfed offspring in the reconstructed pedigree of a sample of individuals. The method enjoys many advantages of the PA method, but without the need of a priori family structure, although such information, if available, can be utilized to improve the inference. Furthermore, the new method accommodates genotyping errors, estimates allele frequencies jointly and is robust to the presence of biparental inbreeding and inbreeding disequilibrium. Both simulated and empirical data were analysed by the new and previous methods to compare their statistical properties and accuracies.
Assessment of gastric motor function in childhood functional dyspepsia and obesity
Authors: Hoffman I. , Tack J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  The aim was to compare gastric emptying rate and nutrient tolerance during a satiety drinking test in children with functional dyspepsia (FD) and obesity and to study the relationship between daily caloric intake and the satiety drinking test.Methods  A total of 28 dyspeptic children (22 girls, mean age 12.5 ± 3.1 years) and 15 obese children (five girls, 13.3 ± 1.8 years) were studied. The patients underwent an octanoic acid gastric emptying breath test and a satiety drinking test. Prior to both tests, a dyspepsia questionnaire was filled out to calculate the mean calorie intake.Key Results  The most prevalent dyspeptic symptoms were early satiety (96.4%), postprandial fullness (89.2%), and epigastric pain (78.6%), followed by nausea (50%). All dyspeptic and obese children (n = 43) started the satiety drinking test and 41 children completed the test until a score of 5 was reached. The maximum ingested volume in FD was significantly lower than in obesity or in age‐matched healthy controls (252 ± 85 vs 479 ± 199 and 359 ± 29 mL respectively, both P < 0.05). As a group, dyspeptic children had significantly slower gastric emptying than obese children (89.7 ± 54.8 min vs 72.5 ± 26.0 min, P = 0.05). Daily calorie intake was significantly higher in obese children than that in dyspeptic children (2325 ± 469 vs 1503 ± 272 cal, P < 0.0001). The endpoint of the satiety drinking test was significantly correlated with body weight or BMI (both R = 0.41, P = 0.04), but not with daily calorie intake, gastric emptying rate or age.Conclusions & Inferences  The satiety drinking test is a potentially useful non‐invasive tool in the investigation of children with FD and obesity.
Role of new bacterial surfactins in the antifungal interaction between Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Vitullo D. , Di Pietro A. , Romano A. , Lanzotti V. , Lima G. 
Published: November 2011

The aim of this work was to investigate the major mechanisms involved in antagonism of BO7, a novel strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolated from orchard soil, against the vascular wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol). BO7 markedly reduced the incidence of Fol vascular wilt on tomato plants and displayed strong in vitro inhibitory activity against Fol. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the ability of BO7 cells to adhere to fungal hyphae and to efficiently colonize tomato roots. The low molecular weight fraction of BO7 culture filtrate displayed high antifungal activity against Fol, resulting in growth inhibition and dramatic alterations of hyphal morphology. Three structurally related surfactin lipopeptides, identified as the major components of the bioactive fraction, were assayed for their inhibitory activity against Fol. One of these compounds exerted a strong and uncommon antifungal activity for lipopeptides of the surfactin family, accounting for most of the inhibitory activity of the BO7 culture filtrate. Among a collection of Fol knockout isolates tested, mutants altered in cell wall structure showed increased sensitivity to the bacterial compounds. These results suggest that the fungal cell wall might have a key role in the sensitivity of Fol towards bacterial surfactins from B. amyloliquefaciens.