bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Gene Expression and Tremor Network Structure
Authors: Welton Thomas , Chew Gabriel , Mai Aaron Shengting , Ng Jing Han , Chan Ling Ling , Tan Eng‐King 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundTranscriptomic changes in the essential tremor (ET)–associated cerebello‐thalamo‐cortical “tremor network” and their association to brain structure have not been investigated.ObjectiveThe aim was to characterize molecular changes associated with network‐level imaging‐derived phenotypes (IDP) found in ET.MethodsWe performed an imaging‐transcriptomic study in British adults using imaging‐genome‐wide association study summary statistics (UK Biobank “BIG40” cohort; n = 33,224, aged 40–69 years). We imputed imaging‐transcriptomic associations for 184 IDPs and analyzed functional enrichment of gene modules and aggregate network‐level phenotypes. Validation was performed in cerebellar‐tissue RNA‐sequencing data from ET patients and controls (n = 55).ResultsAmong 237,896 individual predicted gene expression levels for 6063 unique genes/transcripts, we detected 2269 genome‐wide significant associations (Bonferroni P < 2.102e‐7, 0.95%). These were concentrated in intracellular volume fraction measures of white matter pathways and in genes with putative links to tremor (MAPT, ARL17A, KANSL1, SPPL2C, LRRC37A4P, PLEKHM1, and FMNL1). Whole‐tremor‐network cortical thickness was associated with a gene module linked to mitochondrial organization and protein quality control (r = 0.91, P = 2e‐70), whereas white‐gray T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast in the tremor network was associated with a gene module linked to sphingolipid synthesis and ethanolamine metabolism (r = −0.90, P = 2e‐68). Imputed association effect sizes and RNA‐sequencing log‐fold change in the validation dataset were significantly correlated for cerebellar peduncular diffusion MRI phenotypes, and there was a close overlap of significant associations between both datasets for gray matter phenotypes (χ2 = 6.40, P = 0.006).ConclusionsThe identified genes and processes are potential treatment targets for ET, and our results help characterize molecular changes that could in future be used for patient treatment selection or prognosis prediction. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Rethinking therapeutic strategies of dual‐target drugs: An update on pharmacological small‐molecule compounds in cancer
Authors: Yang Yiren , Mou Yi , Wan Lin‐Xi , Zhu Shiou , Wang Guan , Gao Huiyuan , Liu Bo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOncogenes and tumor suppressors are well‐known to orchestrate several signaling cascades, regulate extracellular and intracellular stimuli, and ultimately control the fate of cancer cells. Accumulating evidence has recently revealed that perturbation of these key modulators by mutations or abnormal protein expressions are closely associated with drug resistance in cancer therapy; however, the inherent drug resistance or compensatory mechanism remains to be clarified for targeted drug discovery. Thus, dual‐target drug development has been widely reported to be a promising therapeutic strategy for improving drug efficiency or overcoming resistance mechanisms. In this review, we provide an overview of the therapeutic strategies of dual‐target drugs, especially focusing on pharmacological small‐molecule compounds in cancer, including small molecules targeting mutation resistance, compensatory mechanisms, synthetic lethality, synergistic effects, and other new emerging strategies. Together, these therapeutic strategies of dual‐target drugs would shed light on discovering more novel candidate small‐molecule drugs for the future cancer treatment.
Comprehensive dosimetric characterization of novel silicon carbide detectors with UHDR electron beams for FLASH radiotherapy
Authors: Milluzzo Giuliana , De Napoli Marzio , Di Martino Fabio , Amato Antonino , Del Sarto Damiano , D'Oca Maria Cristina , Marrale Maurizio , Masturzo Luigi , Medina Elisabetta , Okpuwe Chinonso , Pensavalle Jake Harold , Vignati Anna , Camarda Massimo , Romano Francesco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground: The extremely fast delivery of doses with ultra high dose rate (UHDR) beams necessitates the investigation of novel approaches for real‐time dosimetry and beam monitoring. This aspect is fundamental in the perspective of the clinical application of FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH‐RT), as conventional dosimeters tend to saturate at such extreme dose rates.Purpose: This study aims to experimentally characterize newly developed silicon carbide (SiC) detectors of various active volumes at UHDRs and systematically assesses their response to establish their suitability for dosimetry in FLASH‐RT.Methods: SiC PiN junction detectors, recently realized and provided by STLab company, with different active areas (ranging from 4.5 to 10 mm2) and thicknesses (10–20 µm), were irradiated using 9 MeV UHDR pulsed electron beams accelerated by the ElectronFLASH linac at the Centro Pisano for FLASH Radiotherapy (CPFR). The linearity of the SiC response as a function of the delivered dose per pulse (DPP), which in turn corresponds to a specific instantaneous dose rate, was studied under various experimental conditions by measuring the produced charge within the SiC active layer with an electrometer. Due to the extremely high peak currents, an external customized electronic RC circuit was built and used in conjunction with the electrometer to avoid saturation.Results: The study revealed a linear response for the different SiC detectors employed up to 21 Gy/pulse for SiC detectors with 4.5 mm2/10 µm active area and thickness. These values correspond to a maximum instantaneous dose rate of 5.5 MGy/s and are indicative of the maximum achievable monitored DPP and instantaneous dose rate of the linac used during the measurements.Conclusions: The results clearly demonstrate that the developed devices exhibit a dose‐rate independent response even under extreme instantaneous dose rates and dose per pulse values. A systematic study of the SiC response was also performed as a function of the applied voltage bias, demonstrating the reliability of these dosimeters with UHDR also without any applied voltage. This demonstrates the great potential of SiC detectors for accurate dosimetry in the context of FLASH‐RT.
Rapid pulmonary 129Xe ventilation MRI of discharged COVID‐19 patients with zigzag sampling
Authors: Fang Yuan , Li Haidong , Shen Luyang , Zhang Ming , Luo Ming , Li Hongchuang , Rao Qiuchen , Chen Qi , Li Yecheng , Li Zimeng , Zhao Xiuchao , Shi Lei , Zhou Qian , Han Yeqing , Guo Fumin , Zhou Xin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of zigzag sampling for 3D rapid hyperpolarized 129Xe ventilation MRI in human.MethodsZigzag sampling in one direction was combined with gradient‐recalled echo sequence (GRE‐zigzag‐Y) to acquire hyperpolarized 129Xe ventilation images. Image quality was compared with a balanced SSFP (bSSFP) sequence with the same spatial resolution for 12 healthy volunteers (HVs). For another 8 HVs and 9 discharged coronavirus disease 2019 subjects, isotropic resolution 129Xe ventilation images were acquired using zigzag sampling in two directions through GRE‐zigzag‐YZ. 129Xe ventilation defect percent (VDP) was quantified for GRE‐zigzag‐YZ and bSSFP acquisitions. Relationships and agreement between these VDP measurements were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsFor 12 HVs, GRE‐zigzag‐Y and bSSFP required 2.2 s and 10.5 s, respectively, to acquire 129Xe images with a spatial resolution of 3.96 × 3.96 × 10.5 mm3. Structural similarity index, mean absolute error, and Dice similarity coefficient between the two sets of images and ventilated lung regions were 0.85 ± 0.03, 0.0015 ± 0.0001, and 0.91 ± 0.02, respectively. For another 8 HVs and 9 coronavirus disease 2019 subjects, 129Xe images with a nominal spatial resolution of 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 mm3 were acquired within 5.5 s per subject using GRE‐zigzag‐YZ. VDP provided by GRE‐zigzag‐YZ was strongly correlated (R2 = 0.93, p < 0.0001) with that generated by bSSFP with minimal biases (bias = −0.005%, 95% limit‐of‐agreement = [−0.414%, 0.424%]).ConclusionZigzag sampling combined with GRE sequence provides a way for rapid 129Xe ventilation imaging.
Functional Oral Intake in Primary Versus Salvage Laryngectomy
Authors: Lawrence Anna C. , King Sarah , Renslo Bryan , Sawaf Tuleen , Karadaghy Omar , Kraft Shannon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveAdvanced‐stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is treated with primary surgery or chemoradiation. We aim to determine if there are differences in postoperative functional oral intake in primary (PL) versus salvage laryngectomees (SL).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingPatients who underwent laryngectomy between 2011 and 2021.MethodsWe examined demographic, diagnostic, treatment, and swallow function data pre‐ and postoperatively. A follow‐up survey was distributed to assess current swallow status.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐five patients were included. Preoperatively, 68.8% of patients reported dysphagia. Median functional oral intake score (FOIS) was 4.0 [interquartile range, IQR: 1.0‐6.75]. The SL group had lower preop FOIS [2.0; IQR: 1.0‐4.75] that did not reach significance compared to the PL group [4.5; IQR: 1.0‐7.0] (P = .052). 73.4% of patients had a feeding tube. The PL group was more likely to have the tube removed [odds ratio, OR: 2.4; confidence interval, CI: 1.0‐5.7]. The SL group was more likely to require feeding tube placement more than 6 months postop [OR: 6.9; CI: 1.65‐32.6]. SL FOIS scores improved by 3 months postop to 5 (SL ΔFOIS = 3, P = .0150). PL scores improved to 7 [PL ΔFOIS = 2, P = .0005] at 12 to 15 months. Sixty‐nine patients were contacted for a follow‐up survey and 16 completed this survey. 30.4% patients reported dietary restrictions (mean 4.4 years postop).ConclusionPatients undergoing SL appear to obtain similar swallow outcomes compared to PL at 3 to 6 months postlaryngectomy, but plateau. The PL group continues to improve up to 1 year postoperatively. Fifty percent of patients report on‐going dysphagia after 5 years.
Post‐traumatic Delayed Facial Nerve Palsy: Report of 2 Cases and Systematic Review
Authors: Daloiso Antonio , Franz Leonardo , Mondello Tiziana , Pavone Chiara , Spinato Giacomo , Emanuelli Enzo , Cazzador Diego , de Filippis Cosimo , Zanoletti Elisabetta , Marioni Gino 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveDelayed facial nerve palsy (dFNP) secondary to head injury is definitely uncommon. Although the mechanism of immediate facial nerve paralysis is well‐studied, its delayed presentation remains debated. Given the dearth of available information, we reported herein our experience with 2 cases of posttraumatic dFNP. This systematic review aimed to evaluate all available information on dFNP and to assess treatment outcome also comparing conservatively and surgically approaches.Data SourcesPubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically screened.Review MethodsThe protocol of this investigation was registered on PROSPERO in April 2023 and the systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses statement.ResultsBoth patients in the case studies showed a complete recovery within 2 to 3 months after the head trauma. One of them still reported a subjective taste alteration at last control. After the application of the inclusion‐exclusion criteria, 9 manuscripts with adequate relevance to this topic were included in the systematic review. The study population consisted of 1971 patients with a diagnosis of posttraumatic facial nerve palsy, of which 128 with a dFNP.ConclusionsdFNP due to head trauma is a rarely encountered clinical entity, and optimal treatment still remains to be elucidated. Based on the reported data, it seems rational to propose a conservative approach for dFNP with steroid administration as a first line in most cases, indicating surgery in severe and/or refractory cases.
Latent heat storage bio‐composites from egg‐shell/PE/PEG as feasible eco‐friendly building materials
Authors: Trigui Abdelwaheb , Aribia Wafa Ben , Akrouti Amira , Znaidia Sami , Alshammari Naif Khalaf , Abdelmouleh Makki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntegrating phase change materials (PCMs), which store thermal energy as latent heat, into renewable energy production is an efficient way to harness solar energy. Thereby, the aim of this work is to develop convenient and efficient method to prepare a bio‐composite phase change materials (BCPCMs) that are eco‐friendly and cheap. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) with large latent heat was used as PCM, eggshell powder (ES) as an energy storage material (bio‐energy resources/bio‐waste is converted into useful energy storage material), the low‐density polyethylene (PE) performed as the supporting material and powder graphite (G) was the additives for improving the thermal conductivity. According to thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), the use of ES and G improved the thermal stability of BCPCM. On the other hand, the results of the differential calorimetric analysis (DSC) showed that BCPCM6 with the addition of 5 wt% of graphite filler in the mixture PEG/PE/ES (70/20/5 wt%) provides excellent thermal stability and high energy storage density per unit mass. In light of its high latent heat storage capacity of 120.1 J/g as well as its ability to prevent PEG exudation, BCPCM ensures higher thermal conductivity and shape stability during phase transition than ordinary PCM. Significant enhancement in melting‐solidification time shows an improvement in Thermal Energy Storage (TES) response time to the demand by adding ES and G respectively to the PCM. Based on the obtained results, the BCPCM as a potential candidate for an application in buildings of hot and dry climates.Highlights
Shape‐stabilized BCPCMs were prepared by blending and impregnating method.
The BCPCM combines a high storage capacity and high heat propagation rate.
BCPCM6 provides excellent thermal stability and high energy storage density.
Enhancement in melting‐solidification time by adding ES and G to the PCM.
BCPCM as a candidate for an application in buildings of hot and dry climates.
Adipose mesenchymal stem cells‐derived exosomes attenuated hyperoxia‐induced lung injury in neonatal rats via inhibiting the NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Cuie , Jin Yuxia , Jin Hongxing , Chen Shujun , Wang Lu , Ji Liuqing , Wang Shi , Zhang Xixi , Sheng Anqun , Sun Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic morbidity in extremely preterm infants. Mesenchymal stem cells‐derived exosomes (MSC‐Exos) therapies have shown prospects in animal models of BPD. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of adipose mesenchymal stem cells‐derived exosomes (AMSC‐Exos) on BPD and the role of the NF‐κB signaling pathway in this process.MethodsThe AMSCs were extracted and AMSC‐Exos were isolated by ultracentrifugation method. Newborn rats were exposed to hyperoxia (90% O2) continuously for 7 days to establish a BPD model. The rats were treated with AMSC‐Exos by intratracheal administration on postnatal day 4 (P4). Pulmonary morphology, pulmonary vasculature, inflammatory factors, and NF‐κB were assessed. Hyperoxia‐induced primary type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) and AMSC‐Exos treatment with or without a pan‐NF‐κB inhibitor (PDTC) were established to explore the potential mechanism.ResultsHyperoxia‐exposed rats showed alveolar simplification with decreased radial alveolar count and increased mean linear intercept, low CD31, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, reduced microvessel density, increased the expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 and decreased the expression of IL‐10, and induced NF‐κB phosphorylation. AMSC‐Exos protected the neonatal lung from the hyperoxia‐induced arrest of alveolar and vascular development, alleviated inflammation, and inhibited NF‐κB phosphorylation. Hyperoxia decreased viability, increased apoptosis, enhanced inflammation, and induced NF‐κB phosphorylation of AECIIs but improved by AMSC‐Exos, PDTC, or AMSC‐Exos+PDTC. The effect of AMSC‐Exos+PDTC in AECIIs was the same as AMSC‐Exos, but more notable than PDTC alone.ConclusionAMSC‐Exos attenuated the hyperoxia‐induced lung injury in neonatal rats by inhibiting the NF‐κB signaling pathway partly.
Lower respiratory tract infections in children with congenital lung abnormalities
Authors: Dossche Louis , Kersten Casper , van Rosmalen Joost , Wijnen Rene , IJsselstijn Hanneke , Schnater Johannes 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to determine if the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) among children with asymptomatic, observationally managed congenital lung abnormalities (CLA) differed from that of symptomatic patients who underwent surgery. Second, we sought to compare the pre‐ and post‐resection incidence of LRTI in patients who underwent surgery.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients born between 1999 and 2021 with CLA confirmed by CT scan who were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal follow‐up program. The LRTI incidence rates at 1, 2, 5, 8, and 12 years were compared between surgically and observationally managed patients using incidence rate ratios (IRR). Differences in pre‐ and post‐resection LRTI incidence rates among patients who underwent CLA‐related surgery were assessed through IRR.ResultsAmong 217 included patients, 81 (37%) had undergone surgery and 136 (63%) had been observationally managed. The LRTI incidence rates did not significantly differ at any follow‐up moment between the surgical and observational groups. Among the children who underwent CLA‐related surgery, the pre‐resection LRTI incidence rates were significantly higher than the post‐resection LRTI incidence rates (IRR of 3.57, 95% confidence interval: [2.00; 6.33], p < .001).ConclusionWe could not demonstrate differences in LRTI incidence throughout childhood between patients with surgically and observationally managed CLA. We recommend discussing cases of LRTI in patients with CLA in a multidisciplinary setting, using additional diagnostics such as chest X‐ray to screen for CLA involvement, enabling a well‐considered decision on surgical resection of the lesion.
Application of Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Its Edible Composite Coating in Fruit Preservation
Authors: Xu Yao , Deng Qian , Ruan Changqing , Xu Dan , Zeng Kaifang 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTFruits are highly susceptible to quality deterioration and spoilage during postharvest storage. Edible coating emerges as an effective strategy to prolong the postharvest life of fruit and enhance their quality during storage. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a polysaccharide derivative widely applied in various industries due to its excellent barrier and mechanical properties. CMC has been utilized as an edible coating material for postharvest preservation of fruit for many years. Ongoing research is centred on the development of composite films by integrating CMC with natural biopolymers or potential active agents to augment their functionality in postharvest fruit preservation. This review consolidates findings on composite coatings of CMC combined with various materials for fruit storage and preservation, shedding light on the challenges associated with such composite coatings.
Available and emerging liquid treatment technologies for PFASs
Authors: DiGuiseppi William H. , Newell Charles J. , Carey Grant , Kulkarni Poonam R. , Xia Zhiyong , Stults John , Maher Thomas L. , Houtz Erika F. , Mora Rebecca , Wice Rick , Tomiczek Paul W. , Richardson Stephen D. , Xiong John , Hale Jeff , Hnatko Jason P. , McGregor Rick , McDonough Jeffrey T. , Oka Amita , Thomas Ryan , Fenstermacher Jim , Hatton Jim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPer‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are present at a wide range of private sector facilities and United States (US) government installations, including those operated by the Department of Defense, the Department of Energy, the National Aeronauts and Space Administration, and other entities, as well as additional sites worldwide. Impacts have been identified in a range of environmental media including drinking water, groundwater, surface water, leachate, wastewater, soil, sediment, and soil gas. Treatment technologies to remove or destroy PFASs cost effectively have proven to be elusive to the industry. However, recent developments are bringing that goal close to reality for some media. This article has been prepared to address only liquid treatment technologies. Soil treatment technologies are presently a lower priority and may be addressed in future articles. The challenge of identifying and evaluating available and emerging liquid treatment technologies was put to the PFAS Experts Symposium in Houston, Texas, on June 7–8, 2023, which was attended by PFAS professionals and subject matter experts with a broad range of backgrounds. The discussions covered a variety of technical approaches and led to the preparation of this manuscript. This article strives to concisely summarize modern technical approaches that are potentially applicable to managing liquid media at PFAS‐impacted sites. Currently, ex situ sorbent technologies using granular activated carbon (GAC) and ion exchange (IX) resin are commercially available and most widely used. Other liquid technologies are summarized and current applications are presented to allow the reader to evaluate each technology for their particular use. This article is not intended to provide guidance on site‐specific design of treatment systems, but instead to serve as an update to earlier articles from this group and others addressing PFAS treatment technologies and related PFAS topics.
Observation of high sediment concentrations entrained in jumble river ice
Authors: Arp Christopher D. , Bondurant Allen C. , Clement Sarah , Eidam Emily , Langhorst Ted , Pavelsky Tamlin M. , Davis Julianne , Spellman Katie V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIce formation is generally considered to exclude many particles and most solutes and thus be relatively pure compared to ambient waters. Because river ice forms by a combination of thermal and mechanical processes, some level of sediment entrainment in the ice column is likely, though reports of sediment in river ice are limited. We observed high and sporadic levels of silt and sand in ice of the Kuskokwim and Tanana rivers (Alaska, the United States) during routine field studies. These observations led us to make a more comprehensive survey of sediment entrainment in river ice of the Kuskokwim and Yukon rivers and several of their tributaries. We collected and subsampled 48 ice cores from 19 different river locations in March 2023, which included concurrent measurements of water turbidity, velocity, and depth. Approximately 60% of cores contained detectable levels of sediment, averaging 438 mg/L with median concentrations exceeding 1000 mg/L in three cores from the Yukon and Kuskokwim main stems. Many cores had even higher concentrations at certain intervals, with seven cores having subsamples exceeding 2000 mg/L; these were often located in the middle or lower portion of the ice column. Jumble ice, formed mechanically by frazil‐pan jamming during freeze‐up, was generally the best predictor of higher sediment entrainment, and these locations often had higher under‐ice velocities and depths. Our observation of high and widespread sediment entrainment in northern river ice, particularly in jumble‐ice fields, may have implications for sediment transport regimes, ice strength and transportation safety, and how rivers break up in the springtime.