bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in patients with symptoms of urinary tract infections: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yin , Chen Chen , Mitsnefes Mark , Huang Bin , Devarajan Prasad 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionEarly and accurate diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) can prevent serious sequelae including chronic kidney disease. Multiple individual studies have identified urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) as a promising biomarker for early diagnosis of UTI. We sought to understand the distribution and diagnostic accuracy of uNGAL values in patients presenting with UTI symptoms.MethodsOur systematic literature reviews in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Reviews up to March 2024, identified 25 studies reporting mean/median, standard deviation/quartiles, and detection limits of uNGAL in symptomatic patients with and without culture-confirmed UTI. Seventeen studies were in children. Meta-analyses were performed using the quantile estimation (QE) method estimating the distributions of uNGAL, which were then compared between the UTI and non-UTI groups for identifying the best cut-off points maximizing the Youden index. Sensitivity analyses were performed on all 25 studies including adult patients.ResultsWe found that uNGAL levels were significantly higher in samples with confirmed UTI compared to those without. In pediatric studies, median and 95% confidence interval (CI) of uNGAL values were 22.41 (95% CI of 9.94, 50.54) ng/mL in non-UTI group vs. 118.85 (95% CI of 43.07, 327.97) ng/mL in UTI group. We estimated the cut-off point of 48.43 ng/mL with highest sensitivity (96%) and specificity (97%) in children. Sensitivity analysis including both pediatric and adult studies yielded similar results.DiscussionThe level of uNGAL in symptomatic patients with confirmed UTI is much higher than that reported in patients without UTI. It may be used as a diagnostic tool to identify UTI early among symptomatic patients. The range of uNGAL concentrations and cut-off points reported in subjects with UTI is much lower than that reported in patients with acute intrinsic kidney injury.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, PROSPERO (CRD42023370451).
System biology approach to identify the novel biomarkers in glioblastoma multiforme tumors by using computational analysis
Authors: Alqahtani Safar M. , Altharawi Ali , Alabbas Alhumaidi , Ahmad Faisal , Ayaz Hassan , Nawaz Asia , Rahman Sidra , Alossaimi Manal A. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The most common primary brain tumor in adults is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), accounting for 45.2% of all cases. The characteristics of GBM, a highly aggressive brain tumor, include rapid cell division and a propensity for necrosis. Regretfully, the prognosis is extremely poor, with only 5.5% of patients surviving after diagnosis.Methodology: To eradicate these kinds of complicated diseases, significant focus is placed on developing more effective drugs and pinpointing precise pharmacological targets. Finding appropriate biomarkers for drug discovery entails considering a variety of factors, including illness states, gene expression levels, and interactions between proteins. Using statistical techniques like p-values and false discovery rates, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as the first step in our research for identifying promising biomarkers in GBM. Of the 132 genes, 13 showed upregulation, and only 29 showed unique downregulation. No statistically significant changes in the expression of the remaining genes were observed.Results: Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) had the greatest degree in the hub biomarker gene identification, followed by (periostin (POSTN) at 11 and Hes family BHLH transcription factor 5 (HES5) at 9. The significance of the identification of each hub biomarker gene in the initiation and advancement of glioblastoma multiforme was brought to light by the survival analysis. Many of these genes participate in signaling networks and function in extracellular areas, as demonstrated by the enrichment analysis.We also identified the transcription factors and kinases that control proteins in the proteinprotein interactions (PPIs) of the DEGs.Discussion: We discovered drugs connected to every hub biomarker. It is an appealing therapeutic target for inhibiting MMP9 involved in GBM. Molecular docking investigations indicated that the chosen complexes (carmustine, lomustine, marimastat, and temozolomide) had high binding affinities of −6.3, −7.4, −7.7, and −8.7 kcal/mol, respectively, the mean root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) value for the carmustine complex and marimastat complex was 4.2 Å and 4.9 Å, respectively, and the lomustine and temozolomide complex system showed an average RMSD of 1.2 Å and 1.6 Å, respectively. Additionally, high stability in root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) analysis was observed with no structural conformational changes among the atomic molecules. Thus, these in silico investigations develop a new way for experimentalists to target lethal diseases in future.
Small pouches, but high nicotine doses—nicotine delivery and acute effects after use of tobacco-free nicotine pouches
Authors: Mallock-Ohnesorg Nadja , Rabenstein Andrea , Stoll Yvonne , Gertzen Marcus , Rieder Benedikt , Malke Sebastian , Burgmann Nestor , Laux Peter , Pieper Elke , Schulz Thomas , Franzen Klaas , Luch Andreas , Rüther Tobias 
Published: May 2024

Tobacco-free nicotine pouches are new nicotine products for oral consumption. They can contain very high nicotine amounts that have not been addressed with clinical studies yet. Thus, nicotine delivery, effects on craving, and side effects were assessed using pouches with up to 30 mg nicotine. In this single-center, five-arm, crossover study, 15 regular cigarette smokers consumed tobacco-free nicotine pouches from different brands with 6, 20, and 30 mg for 20 min. Comparators were nicotine-free pouches and tobacco cigarettes. At baseline and predefined time points over a study period of 240 min, plasma nicotine concentrations, effects on cigarette craving, and side effects were assessed. Cardiovascular parameters including arterial stiffness were measured using a MobilOGraph. Consumption of 30 mg nicotine pouches has led to a higher nicotine uptake compared with the cigarette (Cmax: 29.4 vs 15.2 ng/mL; AUC: 45.7 vs 22.1 ng/mL × h). Nicotine uptake in the acute phase was rapid during use of the 30 mg pouch and cigarette. Extraction rate of nicotine differed between pouches. Use of all products has reduced acute cigarette craving, even the nicotine-free pouch. During consumption of the cigarette and the pouches with 20 and 30 mg, heart rate increased about 27, 12, and 25 bpm, respectively. Parameters for arterial stiffness were elevated and all pouches have induced mouth irritations. The pouches with 30 mg nicotine had overall the strongest side effects and may induce addiction. As craving was also reduced by products with less nicotine, it is questionable whether such high nicotine contents should be allowed on the market. A limit of nicotine content is warranted. The nicotine release rate varies across products and needs to be known to estimate the nicotine delivery.
Therapeutic effect of Periploca forrestii on collagen-induced arthritis in rats through JAK2/Nf-κB pathway
Authors: Zhang Zhenyi , Li Yingchun , Wu Jian , Zhang Jihong , Chen Ning , Zhang Ning 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the body. Periploca forrestii was a miao ethnic drug in China that was used to treat arthritis for hundreds of years. But, the therapeutic mechanism is so far unknown. Therefore, the chemical component and effect of Periploca forrestii on arthritis in rats were studied using HPLC-QTOF MS, micro-CT, and other experiments in this paper.MethodMale Sprague-Dawley rats were used to assess the in vivo activity. HPLC QTOF-MS was used to analyze the chemical profile of the P. forrestii (PF). Bovine type II collagen and Complete Freund’s Adjuvant were used to stimulate and construct the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. Three dosages of PF (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) were used to evaluate in vivo activity. Methotrexate was used as the positive drug. H/E staining and micro-CT methods were used to monitor the pathological changes of CIA rats. ELISA method was used to assess the serum level of immune- and inflammation-related cytokines. Immunohistochemical experiments were used to test the gene expression in JAK and Nf-κB pathways.Results42 compounds were identified from PF. PF administration lowered the increased spleen index compared with that of control and MTX groups, and partially restored body weight, reduced paw swelling, and arthritis score compared with the model group. Macroscopic assessment indicated inflamed paw with significant swelling in the model group, while the extent of inflammation and swelling was attenuated by both MTX and PF. H/E staining experiments demonstrated that pathological changes of synovial cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the model group. In contrast, the MTX and PF treatment partially reversed these pathological changes. Micro-CT examination showed severe injuries and scars caused by inflammation for the model group, and in the high-dosage group (400 mg/kg) the inflammation-caused injuries and scars were dramatically ameliorated. Mechanism study showed that PF restored Nf-κB phosphorylation and JAK2 expression compared with the model group.ConclusionP. forrestii possesses a potent effect on CIA rats. Nf-κB and JAK2 pathways are involved in its protective effect on CIA.
The roles of teacher and parental support on adolescent cyber-bystander behaviors: a path analysis
Authors: Chen Qiqi , Wu Qianru 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe role of bystanders in cyberbullying situations is critical, with the potential to significantly influence outcomes. Bystanders who demonstrate positive behaviors—such as reporting incidents or supporting victims—can help to mitigate the damaging effects of cyberbullying. Based on the Social Cognitive Theory, this study seeks to address the psychosocial mechanisms that underlie positive cyber-bystander behaviors.MethodsA total of 1,716 students in Grades 8–12 from three secondary schools in China participated in this study. Path analysis was utilized to delineate the relationships between internet self-efficacy, empathy, teacher and parental support, and cyber-bystander behaviors.ResultsAdolescents who received greater support from teachers were more likely to demonstrate increased internet self-efficacy and empathy. In contrast, higher levels of parental warmth were associated with lower levels of internet self-efficacy. Teacher support and parental warmth exerted an indirect effect on positive bystander behaviors through empathy.DiscussionThe importance of parental warmth paired with Internet self-efficacy in preventing online interpersonal violence and motivate active bystander behaviors is considerable. We recommend adopting a nuanced approach that differentiates between empathy and internet self-efficacy in cyber-bystander research.
The efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological monotherapies and e-cigarette on smoking cessation: a systemic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Meng Yajing , Xiang Sike , Qu Lang , Li Ying 
Published: May 2024

Background and aimsSeveral pharmacological interventions, such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), varenicline, and bupropion, have been approved for clinical use of smoking cessation. E-cigarettes (EC) are increasingly explored by many RCTs for their potentiality in smoking cessation. In addition, some RCTs are attempting to explore new drugs for smoking cessation, such as cytisine. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aims to investigate how these drugs and e-cigarettes compare regarding their efficacy and acceptability.Materials and methodsThis systematic review and NMA searched all clinical studies on smoking cessation using pharmacological monotherapies or e-cigarettes published from January 2011 to May 2022 using MEDLINE, COCHRANE Library, and PsychINFO databases. NRTs were divided into transdermal (TDN) and oronasal nicotine (ONN) by administrative routes, thus 7 network nodes were set up for direct and indirect comparison. Two different indicators measured the efficacy: prevalent and continuous smoking abstinence. The drop-out rates measured the acceptability.ResultsThe final 40 clinical studies included in this study comprised 77 study cohorts and 25,889 participants. Varenicline is more effective intervention to assist in smoking cessation during 16–32 weeks follow-up, and is very likely to prompt dropout. Cytisine shows more effectiveness in continuous smoking cessation but may also lead to dropout. E-cigarettes and oronasal nicotine are more effective than no treatment in encouraging prevalent abstinence, but least likely to prompt dropout. Finally, transdermal nicotine delivery is more effective than no treatment in continuous abstinence, with neither significant effect on prevalent abstinence nor dropout rate.ConclusionThis review suggested and agreed that Varenicline, Cytisine and transdermal nicotine delivery, as smoking cessation intervention, have advantages and disadvantages. However, we had to have reservations about e-cigarettes as a way to quit smoking in adolescents.
Effects of standardized mindfulness programs on burnout: a systematic review and original analysis from randomized controlled trials
Authors: Shoker Dyna , Desmet Laura , Ledoux Nelly , Héron Anne 
Published: May 2024

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), burnout is a syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic occupational stress that has not been successfully managed. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion, cynicism toward work, and a lack of personal accomplishment at work. Recent WHO guidelines on mental health suggest that mindfulness could have beneficial effects in a professional environment, but to the best of our knowledge, there is currently no study that has made a large inventory of research focused specifically on the effects of standardized programs on burnout. Which professional populations have already been studied? What are the characteristics of the programs? Have studies shown a significant effect and on what indicator?ObjectiveTo assess the effects of standardized programs of mindfulness on burnout, we carried out a systematic review using an exhaustive inventory of the international literature based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsThe articles were selected according to PRISMA recommendations. The Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, HAL databases were searched with the keywords “mindfulness,” “burnout,” and “randomized” in the title and abstract of each article. The data were all collected in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed in pivot tables, which were then presented in graphs and maps.ResultsA total of 49 RCTs were thus selected, the majority of which were of good methodological quality, of American origin (43% of studies), concerned professionals in the health sector (64% of participants included), and mostly women (76%). The RCTs assessed the effects of 31 different mindfulness programs, mostly with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (78% of RCTs). More than two-thirds of RCTs (67%) showed a significant beneficial effect on burnout measurement indicators, with emotional exhaustion being the most impacted component.ConclusionThis systematic review shows that mindfulness-based interventions could be approaches of choice to prevent emotional distress of burnout. Further studies are still needed to determine which type of program is best suited to impact the two other components of burnout.
The outcomes of microvascular decompression for primary trigeminal neuralgia: insights from a single-center experience and technical advancements
Authors: Nurimanov Chingiz , Mammadinova Iroda , Menlibayeva Karashash , Kaliyev Assylbek , Makhambetov Yerbol , Akshulakov Serik 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundMicrovascular decompression (MVD) remains the primary surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia due to its positive postoperative results. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia who underwent MVD. Additionally, the paper offers a detailed explanation of the surgical methodology of MVD employed at the neurosurgical hospital in Kazakhstan.MethodsThe study involved 165 medical records of patients with trigeminal neuralgia who underwent MVD between 2018 and 2020. Out of these 165 patients, 90 (54.55%) were included in the final analysis and were further evaluated using the Barrow Neurological Institute pain intensity score. Various variables were analyzed, including age, sex, affected side, dermatomes, offending vessel, and surgical intervention type. Moreover, the surgical technique employed at the hospital was described.ResultsThe average follow-up period after the MVD procedure was 32.78 ± 9.91 months. The results indicated that out of the 90 patients, 80 (88.89%) achieved a good outcome as evidenced by BNI scores I and II. It was observed that patients with affected maxillary dermatomas and those with affected ophthalmic + maxillary dermatomas were more likely to experience fair + poor postsurgery BNI scores. On the other hand, patients with neurovascular conflicts involving the maxillary + mandibular dermatomas demonstrated good BNI scores (p = 0.01).ConclusionsThe outcomes of MVD in patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia showed good BNI scores within this study population. The outcome depended on the affected dermatome of the trigeminal nerve with the vessel. Additionally, patient positioning, intraoperative management including small skin incisions, minimal craniotomy, and precise closure of the dura, as well as intraoperative neurolysis, may contribute to achieving good clinical and satisfactory post-surgery aesthetic outcomes.
Performance and overview of clinically relevant areas of application of saliva testing in the cat
Authors: Schroers Maike , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe cat represents an important model in order to investigate basic physiological knowledge of salivary secretion as well as pharmacokinetics of active substances.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to review in which diagnostic application areas saliva testing is routinely used and in which areas it could be further explored in the future.Materials and methodsLiterature relevant to the research question was collected in March 2022 using the Pubmed database.ResultsThe diagnosis of infectious diseases in cat saliva is one of the most important fields of application. Saliva diagnostics may also indicate dental diseases, allergies or kidney and other metabolic diseases. Sexual and stress hormones can also be measured in cat saliva. A number of clinically relevant allergens in cat saliva that may cause allergies in humans has been investigated and described, in addition to infectious agents that can be transmitted from cats to humans.ConclusionsSaliva testing in cats can be useful in many areas, including the detection of infectious diseases, allergies and dental disease. However, it is far from being used to its full potential within veterinary medicine.
PEMANFAATAN QUIZIZ SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF PADA MATERI BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Mardiyah Tika 
Published: May 2024

Implementasi pembelajaran abad-21mendorong banyak perubahan dalam proses pembelajaran. Pemanfaatan teknologi informasi menjadi bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari imlementasi pembelajaran abad-21. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan hasil perkembangan teknologi informasi berupa aplikasi quizizz sebagai media pembelajaran interaktif materi Bahasa Arab. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan quizizz sebagai media pembelajaran interaktif Bahasa Arab mampu merubah suasana pembelajaran menjadi menarik dan menyenangkan sehingga bisa meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar mahasiswapada materi Bahasa Arab
INDICADORES RELACIONADOS À DESNUTRIÇÃO E ANEMIA, SEGUNDO A LOCALIZAÇÃO DA NEOPLASIA, EM PACIENTES INTERNADOS EM UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO DE REFERÊNCIA, BELEM-PA
Authors: Matos de Pinho Costa Priscila , Luz Machado Luana , Marigliani Nunes Ana Raquel , Raiol Barros Edson Raimundo , De Souza Lima Ana Marta , De Souza Torres Rosileide , Kelly Layla da Silva Guterres  , Da Silva Gutteres Aldair 
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de desnutrição e o perfil hematológico de pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados, segundo a localização do tumor. Método: Estudo observacional e transversal, realizado com pacientes oncológicos internados em um hospital de referência em Belém-PA. Foram coletados dados clínicos, socioeconômicos, antropométricos, bioquímicos e de consumo alimentar. Resultados: Dos pacientes avaliados 41,38% tinham cânceres gastrointestinais. Houve prevalência de mulheres (60,34%). A maioria dos avaliados eram adultos (60,34%). Quanto ao estado nutricional, os pacientes com câncer no trato gastrointestinal apresentaram desnutrição em 37,50% segundo o IMC, em 66,67% segundo a %CB e 66,67% segundo a CP, houve perda grave de peso em 54,17%. Para os pacientes com câncer em demais localidades, constatou-se desnutrição em 17,65% segundo o IMC, em 61,76% segundo a %CB e 63,64% segundo a CP, houve perda grave de peso em 47,06%. Quanto aos parâmetros hematológicos, constatou-se inadequação, estando abaixo dos valores de referência, independentemente da localização do tumor, exceto para hemácia e RDW em ambos os grupos. Conclusão: Independente da localização do câncer houve prevalência considerável de desnutrição pelos parâmetros antropométricos, perda grave de peso, baixa ingesta calórica e perfil hematológico abaixo do preconizado.
Drawing from name in semantic dementia reveals graded object knowledge representations in anterior temporal lobe
Authors: Anand Tanmay , Patterson Karalyn , Rowe James B , Cope Thomas E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Semantic dementia (SD) is characterized by progressive impairment in conceptual knowledge due to anterior temporal lobe (ATL) neurodegeneration. Extended neuropsychological assessments can quantitatively demonstrate the semantic impairment, but this graded loss of knowledge can also be readily observed in the qualitative observation of patients’ recall of single concepts. Here, we present the results of a simple task of object drawing-from-name, by patients with SD (N = 19), who have isolated atrophy of the ATL bilaterally. Both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, patient drawings demonstrated a pattern of degradation in which rare and distinctive features (such as the hump on a camel) were lost earliest in disease course, and there was an increase in the intrusion of prototypical features (such as the typical small ears of most mammals on an elephant) with more advanced disease. Crucially, patient drawings showed a continuum of conceptual knowledge loss rather than a binary ‘present’ or ‘absent’ state. Overall, we demonstrate that qualitative evaluation of line drawings of animals and objects provides fascinating insights into the transmodal semantic deficit in SD. Our results are consistent with a distributed-plus-hub model of semantic memory. The graded nature of the deficit in semantic performance observed in our subset of longitudinally observed patients suggests that the temporal lobe binds feature-based semantic attributes in its central convergence zone.