bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical Assessment of Two Types of Personal UV Dosimeters
Authors: Seckmeyer Gunther , Klingebiel Marcus , Riechelmann Stefan , Lohse Insa , McKenzie Richard L. , Ben Liley J. , Allen Martin W. , Siani Anna‐Maria , Casale Giuseppe R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDoses of erythemally weighted irradiances derived from polysulphone (PS) and electronic ultraviolet (EUV) dosimeters have been compared with measurements obtained using a reference spectroradiometer. PS dosimeters showed mean absolute deviations of 26% with a maximum deviation of 44%, the calibrated EUV dosimeters showed mean absolute deviations of 15% (maximum 33%) around noon during several test days in the northern hemisphere autumn. In the case of EUV dosimeters, measurements with various cut‐off filters showed that part of the deviation from the CIE erythema action spectrum was due to a small, but significant sensitivity to visible radiation that varies between devices and which may be avoided by careful preselection. Usually the method of calibrating UV sensors by direct comparison to a reference instrument leads to reliable results. However, in some circumstances the quality of measurements made with simple sensors may be over‐estimated. In the extreme case, a simple pyranometer can be used as a UV instrument, providing acceptable results for cloudless skies, but very poor results under cloudy conditions. It is concluded that while UV dosimeters are useful for their design purpose, namely to estimate personal UV exposures, they should not be regarded as an inexpensive replacement for meteorological grade instruments.
Epigenetic Alterations in Ultraviolet Radiation‐Induced Skin Carcinogenesis: Interaction of Bioactive Dietary Components on Epigenetic Targets†
Authors: Katiyar Santosh K. , Singh Tripti , Prasad Ram , Sun Qian , Vaid Mudit 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe importance of epigenetic alterations in the development of various diseases including the cancers has been realized. As epigenetic changes are reversible heritable changes, these can be utilized as an effective strategy for the prevention of cancers. DNA methylation is the most characterized epigenetic mechanism that can be inherited without changing the DNA sequence. Although limited available data suggest that silencing of tumor suppressor genes in ultraviolet (UV) radiation‐exposed epidermis leads to photocarcinogenesis and is associated with a network of epigenetic modifications including alterations in DNA methylation, DNA methyltransferases and histone acetylations. Various bioactive dietary components have been shown to protect skin from UV radiation‐induced skin tumors in animal models. The role of bioactive dietary components, such as, (−)‐epicatechins from green tea and proanthocyanidins from grape seeds has been assessed in chemoprevention of UV‐induced skin carcinogenesis and underlying epigenetic mechanism in vitro and in vivo animal models. These bioactive components have the ability to block UV‐induced DNA hypermethylation and histone modifications in the skin required for the silencing of tumor suppressor genes (e.g. Cip1/p21, p16INK4a). This information is of importance for understanding the role of epigenetic modulation in UV‐induced skin tumor and the chemopreventive mechanism of bioactive dietary components.
Use of mycelia as paths for the isolation of contaminant‐degrading bacteria from soil
Authors: Furuno Shoko , Remer Rita , Chatzinotas Antonis , Harms Hauke , Wick Lukas Y. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryMycelia of fungi and soil oomycetes have recently been found to act as effective paths boosting bacterial mobility and bioaccessibility of contaminants in vadose environments. In this study, we demonstrate that mycelia can be used for targeted separation and isolation of contaminant‐degrading bacteria from soil. In a ‘proof of concept’ study we developed a novel approach to isolate bacteria from contaminated soil using mycelia of the soil oomycete Pythium ultimum as translocation networks for bacteria and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon naphthalene (NAPH) as selective carbon source. NAPH‐degrading bacterial isolates were affiliated with the genera Xanthomonas, Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas. Except for Rhodococcus the NAPH‐degrading isolates exhibited significant motility as observed in standard swarming and swimming motility assays. All steps of the isolation procedures were followed by cultivation‐independent terminal 16S rRNA gene terminal fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) analysis. Interestingly, a high similarity (63%) between both the cultivable NAPH‐degrading migrant and the cultivable parent soil bacterial community profiles was observed. This suggests that mycelial networks generally confer mobility to native, contaminant‐degrading soil bacteria. Targeted, mycelia‐based dispersal hence may have high potential for the isolation of bacteria with biotechnologically useful properties.
Modeling Climate Change Impacts on Hydrology and Nutrient Loading in the Upper Assiniboine Catchment1
Authors: Shrestha Rajesh R. , Dibike Yonas B. , Prowse Terry D. 
Published: October 2011

Shrestha, Rajesh R., Yonas B. Dibike, and Terry D. Prowse, 2011. Modeling Climate Change Impacts on Hydrology and Nutrient Loading in the Upper Assiniboine Catchment. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(1): 74‐89. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00592.xAbstract:  This paper presents a modeling study on climate‐induced changes in hydrologic and nutrient fluxes in the Upper Assiniboine catchment, located in the Lake Winnipeg watershed. The hydrologic and agricultural chemical yield model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was employed to model a 21‐year baseline (1980‐2000) and future (2042‐2062) periods with model forcings for future climates derived from three regional climate models (RCMs) and their ensemble means. The modeled future scenarios reveal that potential future changes in the climatic regime are likely to modify considerably hydrologic and nutrient fluxes. The effects of future changes in climatic variables, especially precipitation and temperature, are clearly evident in the resulting snowmelt and runoff regimes. The future hydrologic scenarios consistently show earlier onsets of spring snowmelt and discharge peaks, and higher total runoff volumes. The simulated nutrient loads closely match the dynamics of the future runoff for both nitrogen and phosphorus, in terms of earlier timing of peak loads and higher total loads. However, nutrient concentrations could decrease due to the higher rate of runoff increase. Overall, the effects of these changes on the nutrient transport regime need to be considered together with possible future changes in land use, crop type, fertilizer application, and transformation processes in the receiving water bodies.
Validation of Satellite Precipitation Adjustment Methodology From Seven Basins in the Continental United States1
Authors: Tobin Kenneth J. , Bennett Marvin E. 
Published: October 2011

Tobin, Kenneth J. and Marvin E. Bennett, 2012. Validation of Satellite Precipitation Adjustment Methodology From Seven Basins in the Continental United States. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(2): 221‐234. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00604.xAbstract:  The precipitation science community has expressed concern regarding the ability of satellite‐based precipitation products to accurately capture rainfall values over land. There has been some work that has focused on addressing the deficiencies of satellite precipitation products, particularly on the adjustment of bias. This article outlines a methodology that adjusts satellite products utilizing ground‐based precipitation data. The approach is not a simple bias adjustment, but is a three‐step process that transforms a satellite product based on a ground‐based precipitation product (NEXRAD‐derived Multisensor Precipitation Estimator [MPE] product or rain‐gauge data). The developed methodology was successfully applied to seven moderate‐to‐large sized watersheds from continental United States (CONUS) and northern Mexico over a spectrum of climatic regimes ranging from dry to humid settings. Methodology validation is based on comparison of observed and simulated streamflow generated with SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model using unadjusted and adjusted precipitation products as input. Streamflow comparison is based on mass balance error and Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient. Finally, the contribution of how adjustment to correct misses, false alarms, and bias impacts adjusted datasets and the potential impact that the adjustment methodology can have on hydrological applications such as water resource monitoring and flood prediction are explored.
Cause‐specific mortality in diabetes: Retrospective hospital based data from south India
Authors: VASAN Senthil K. , PITTARD Alicia E.I. , ABRAHAM Joison , SAMUEL Prasanna , SESHADRI Mandalam S. , THOMAS Nihal 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground:  India lacks comprehensive mortality data in individuals with diabetes. The present retrospective case‐control study compared the causes of death in diabetic and non‐diabetic inpatients in a tertiary care hospital in 2007.Methods:  Deaths in diabetic patients (n = 315) were compared with 307 randomly selected controls. Medical chart review established the primary cause of death, demographics, and clinical data. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics and comparative analyses were performed.Results:  Of the 79 067 inpatient admissions during 2007, diabetes of any type was recorded for 6517 (8.2%). There were 2017 inpatient deaths registered, 315 (15.6%) in diabetic patients and 1702 (84.4%) in non‐diabetic patients, corresponding to mortality rates of 48.3/1000 admissions for diabetic patients and 23.4/1000 admissions for non‐diabetic patients. The mean duration of hospitalization prior to death in diabetic versus non‐diabetic patients was 6.4 vs 7.7 days (P = 0.015). Causes of death in diabetic patients were vascular disease (38.4%), infection (34.3%), renal failure (8.9%), and malignancy (8.9%); diabetic patients had significantly higher odds of death from vascular disease (odds ratio [OR] 4.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.67–6.16; P ≤ 0.0001), renal causes (OR 7.39, 95%CI 2.53–29.27; P ≤ 0.001) and infection (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.12–2.32; P ≤ 0.0001). Comparing cases and controls after stratifying by age (<56 and ≥56 years), the greater odds of vascular death among diabetics remained significant in both age categories.Conclusions:  We report vascular disease as the leading cause of death among diabetic hospital inpatients in one tertiary care center in India, in contrast with previous hospital‐based studies from India.
Identities of Artefacts
Authors: BAUMBERGER CHRISTOPH , BRUN GEORG 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn non‐philosophical discourse, “identity” is often used when the specific character of artefacts is described or evaluated. We argue that this usage of “identity” can be explicated as referring to the symbol properties of artefacts as they are conceptualized in the symbol theory of Goodman and Elgin. This explication is backed by an analysis of various uses of “identity”. The explicandum clearly differs from the concepts of numerical identity, qualitative identity and essence, but it has a range of similarities with the notion of self‐concept used in psychology and practical philosophy. The proposed explication is used to analyse claims about identity‐pluralism and identity‐conflicts. Firstly, the explication allows us to distinguish various ways how the same artefact can have a plurality of identities. Secondly, more or less sharp conflicts within an identity or between identities of an artefact are distinguished. Thirdly, many phenomena called “identity‐conflicts” are only apparently identity‐conflicts and can be analysed as involving some other form of tension.
Comparison of complications and results of early versus delayed surgery for Gartland type III supracondylar humeral fractures in pediatric patients
Authors: Han Qing‐lin , Wang You‐hua , Liu Fan 
Published: October 2011

Objective:  To investigate the effect of timing of surgery on clinical results and perioperative complications in pediatric patients with Gartland III type supracondylar humeral fractures without neurovascular compromise.Methods:  Eighty‐six consecutive children treated surgically at our hospital from April 2005 to June 2007 for displaced supracondylar humeral fractures were reviewed. All these patients were treated by the same group of doctors. The children were divided into two groups: early if treated within 12 hours after injury and delayed if treated later than that. Perioperative complications and clinical results, especially for open surgery, were compared between the two groups.Results:  Forty pediatric patients underwent surgery in the early group and 46 in the delayed group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in perioperative complications such as pin tract infection, iatrogenic nerve injury, compartment syndrome and conversion to open surgery. For open surgery, both the clinical results and perioperative complications were not affected by delaying for more than 12 hours after injury. However, blood loss and operation time were greater in the early than in the delayed group, possibly due to relatively more edema.Conclusion:  Delay in surgery, regardless of whether it is closed or open, for more than 12 hours after injury does not influence the perioperative complications and clinical results for displaced supracondylar humeral fractures in children. However early open reduction and pinning may increase intra‐operative blood loss and take longer.
Design and application of a self‐evaluation questionnaire for individuals at a high‐risk of lung cancer
Authors: Chen Bojiang , Cao Huibi , Wang Dongmei , Liu Dan , Zeng Jing , Wang Youjuan , Zhang Shangfu , Gao Jun , Yu Jianqun , Li Weimin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective:  The purpose of this study was to establish a comprehensive evaluation system to assess the risk factors of lung cancer for the general population.Methods:  With the method of evidence‐based medicine, risk factors of lung cancer were identified and their risk assignments were calculated to design the Self‐evaluation Scoring Questionnaire for High‐risk Individuals of Lung Cancer. Studies including more than 10 000 subjects were carried the out to confirm the questionnaire's value.Results:  The questionnaire consisted of 15 risk factors and their risk assignments, such as sex, age, smoking, female passive smoking, previous illness histories, exposure to harmful gases, mental depression and genetic susceptibility. In the population application, data from 30 lung cancer patients revealed its desired reliability and validity. The next pre‐investigation, including 94 patients and 252 controls, confirmed its differentiating power, and encouraged a much larger‐scale survey with 2161 subjects to determine the threshold (T) to identify high‐risk individuals, the threshold was 116 points. According to this criterion, 1537 high‐risk volunteers and 6556 controls were recruited to participate in a 3‐year follow‐up study from 2007 to 2009. There were 31 cases of lung cancer detected in the high‐risk group, with a detection rate of 2.02%, significantly higher than that of the controls (5/6556, 0.08%), indicating an excellent predictive value of the questionnaire.Conclusions:  The Self‐evaluation Scoring Questionnaire for High‐risk Individuals of Lung Cancer was a good means for evaluating the risks of lung cancer.
Radiochromic film dosimetry of HDR 192Ir source radiation fields
Authors: Aldelaijan Saad , Mohammed Huriyyah , Tomic Nada , Liang Li‐Heng , DeBlois Francois , Sarfehnia Arman , Abdel‐Rahman Wamied , Seuntjens Jan , Devic Slobodan 
Published: October 2011

Purpose:A radiochromic film based dosimetry system for high dose rate (HDR) Iridium‐192 brachytherapy source was described. A comparison between calibration curves established in water and Solid Water™ was provided.Methods:Pieces of EBT‐2 model GAFCHROMIC™ film were irradiated in both water and Solid Water™ with HDR192Ir brachytherapy source in a dose range from 0 to 50 Gy. Responses of EBT‐2 GAFCHROMIC™ film were compared for irradiations in water and Solid Water™ by scaling the dose between media through Monte Carlo calculated conversion factor for both setups. To decrease uncertainty in dose delivery due to positioning of the film piece with respect to the radiation source, traceable calibration irradiations were performed in a parallel‐opposed beam setup.Results:The EBT‐2 GAFCHROMIC™ film based dosimetry system described in this work can provide an overall one‐sigma dose uncertainty of 4.12% for doses above 1 Gy. The ratio of dose delivered to the sensitive layer of the film in water to the dose delivered to the sensitive layer of the film in Solid Water™ was calculated using Monte Carlo simulations to be 0.9941 ± 0.0007.Conclusions:A radiochromic film based dosimetry system using only the green color channel of a flatbed document scanner showed superior precision if used alone in a dose range that extends up to 50 Gy, which greatly decreases the complexity of work. In addition, Solid Water™ material was shown to be a viable alternative to water in performing radiochromic film based dosimetry with HDR192Ir brachytherapy sources.
Simulator based angiography education in neurosurgery: results of a pilot educational program: Table 1
Authors: Fargen Kyle Michael , Siddiqui Adnan H , Veznedaroglu Erol , Turner Raymond D , Ringer Andrew J , Mocco J 
Published: October 2011

IntroductionThe use of simulators in medical training has been on the rise over the past decade as a means to teach procedural skills to trainees in a risk free environment. The goal of this study was to pilot a simulator based skills course for inexperienced neurosurgical residents to teach the fundamentals of cervicocerebral catheterization and angiography, with the ultimate goal of defining a universal simulator based curriculum that could be incorporated into neurosurgical resident training in the future.MethodsSeven neurosurgery residents with no prior angiographic experience served as the pilot participants for this 2 day course. Four neurointerventional trained neurosurgeons served as faculty for instruction and evaluation. The majority of the course focused on hands-on simulator practice with close mentoring by faculty. Participants were evaluated with pre-course and post-course assessments.ResultsPost-course written test scores were significantly higher than pre-course scores (p<0.001). Faculty assessments of participants' technical skills with angiography (graded 0–10, with 10 being best) also improved significantly from pre-course to post-course (pre 2.1; post 5.9; p<0.001). Objective simulator recorded assessments demonstrated a significant decrease in the time needed to complete a four vessel angiogram (p<0.001) and total fluoroscopic time (p<0.001).ConclusionsParticipant angiography skills, based on both faculty and simulator assessments, as well as participant knowledge, improved after this didactic, hands-on simulator course. Neuroendovascular simulator training appears to be a viable means of training inexperienced neurosurgery residents in the early learning stages of basic endovascular neurosurgery. Further studies evaluating the translation of procedural skills learned on the simulator to actual clinical skills in the angiography suite is necessary.
HAND INFECTION IN DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Jalil Amir , Barlaan Philip Ian , Fung Boris Kwok Keung , Ip Josephine Wing-Yuk 
Published: October 2011

The diabetic hand infection is less reported in the literature. Therefore, it is easily ignored and underestimated resulting in increased morbidity among the diabetic population. Diabetic hand is a rapid in progression, extensive and severe tissue destruction. We analyze the clinical course and outcome of hand infection in diabetic patients. We reviewed all the admissions with hand infection from January 2006–April 2010. Thirty-seven patients were found with associated diabetes mellitus. The demographic data, culture report, number of operations and management, hospital stay and outcome-like amputation were recorded. The average age was 62 years. Pain and swelling were the chief complaints. The cause of infection was varied. The infection was superficial in 13 and deep in 24 patients. Forty-one percent of culture report revealed polymicrobial organism. The increased length of hospital stay, reoperations and amputation were associated with deep infection and polymicrobial organism. Prompt medical and surgical attentions are the most important factors. A proper glycemic control, elevation of the affected extremity, thorough and adequate surgical debridement and appropriate antibiotics are the important considerations when dealing with diabetic hand infection.
CLOSED RADIAL WEDGE OSTEOTOMY FOR PREISER'S DISEASE: A REPORT OF FOUR CASES
Authors: Hayashi Ousuke , Sawaizumi Takuya , Ito Hiromoto 
Published: October 2011

Purpose: To investigate the clinical outcome of closed radial wedge osteotomy (CRWO) for Preiser's disease.Methods: CRWO was performed for four patients with Preiser's disease between 2000 and 2005. All patients were diagnosed by X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Separation gaps in the radioscaphoid joint were observed to evaluate the decompression in the area. Clinical evaluation was performed using Cooney's scoring system.Results: Although wrist pain persisted in patients with radioscaphoid arthritis change, marked mitigation of wrist pain was confirmed in three patients. The average clinical score was 66, with good in one, fair in two, and poor in one. Restriction of wrist movement by CRWO caused lower clinical scores. No patients had wrist arthrodesis at the last follow-up evaluation.Conclusions: Short-term observation showed disappointing clinical results; however, for relief of wrist pain, this method is a potential surgical procedure for Preiser's disease under limited conditions.
PRE-EMPLOYMENT RISK FACTORS FOR BACK, NECK AND SHOULDER MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES AND CLAIMS IN AMBULANCE OFFICERS
Authors: Broniecki Monica , Esterman Adrian , May Esther , Grantham Hugh 
Published: October 2011

This study aims to determine whether pre-employment medical, physical or psychological assessments can predict future back, neck and shoulder musculoskeletal injuries and claims in an Australian ambulance service.This was a retrospective observational study based on linked datasets. Poisson regression analysis was undertaken to determine which pre-employment personality traits, using the Fifteen Factor Questionnaire and 36 medical and functional capacity evaluation variables, predicted the number of injuries and claims in ambulance officers.Ambulance officers who at pre-employment assessment demonstrated more conceptual, intuitive and anxious personality traits, and those ambulance officers who had hypermobile joints, self-limited weights lifted, played less sport or exercised less, were more likely to sustain future back, neck or shoulder musculoskeletal injuries or submit workers compensation claims.Individual pre-employment risk factors were found to predict musculoskeletal injuries and claims in a cohort of ambulance officers. Anxious as opposed to stable personality types and conceptual rather than practical personality types appear to be at greater risk of an injury or submitting a claim, as were recruits with hypermobile joints. Identification of individual risk factors at recruitment may assist in the selection of suitable applicants into the ambulance service as well as providing a focus for career counseling where relevant.