bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning, genomic structure, and genetic mapping of two Rdl‐orthologous genes of GABA receptors in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella
Authors: Yuan Guorui , Gao Weiyue , Yang Yihua , Wu Yidong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe Resistance to dieldrin (Rdl) gene encodes a subunit of the insect γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor. Cyclodiene resistance in many insects is associated with replacement of a single amino acid (alanine at position 302) with either a serine or a glycine in the Rdl gene. Two Rdl‐orthologous genes of GABA receptors (PxGABARα1 and PxGABARα2) were cloned and sequenced from a susceptible strain (Roth) of Plutella xylostella. PxGABARα1 and PxGABARα2 showed 84% and 77% identity with the Rdl gene of Drosophila melanogaster at an amino acid level, respectively. The coding regions of PxGABARα1 and PxGABARα2 both comprise ten exons, with two alternative RNA‐splicing forms in exon 3 of both genes. At the orthologous position of alanine‐302 in D. melanogaster Rdl, PxGABARα1 has a conserved alanine at position 282. PxGABARα2 has a serine instead of an alanine at the equivalent position. With two informative DNA markers, both PxGABARα1 and PxGABARα2 were mapped onto the Z chromosome of P. xylostella. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study on syntheses and anticoagulant action of heparin/rare earth nano‐oxides hybrid material
Authors: Wang Kun‐Jie , Li Hong‐Xia , Song Yu‐Min , Luan Ni‐Na , Xian Ping 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFour hybrid materials of RE2O3‐TDI‐Heparin (TDI = Toluene 2,4–diisocyanate, RE = La, Eu, Nd, Sc) were prepared by the method of graft. The materials were characterized by IR, TG, and SEM, which confirmed that the heparin was grafted on the surface of TDI modified rare earth nano‐oxides. The cell adhesion experiment and the anticoagulant experiment demonstrated that the materials have lower cell toxicity, better cell adhesion as well as better anticoagulant action. In addition, the clotting time of hybrid materials were shortened compared with the heparin. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 887–892, 2010.
Development of a Ruthenium(II) Complex Based Luminescent Probe for Imaging Nitric Oxide Production in Living Cells
Authors: Zhang Run , Ye Zhiqiang , Wang Guilan , Zhang Wenzhu , Yuan Jingli 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA unique ruthenium(II) complex, bis(2,2′‐bipyridine)(4‐(3,4‐diaminophenoxy)‐2,2′‐bipyridine)ruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate ([(Ru(bpy)2(dabpy)][PF6]2), has been designed and synthesized as a highly sensitive and selective luminescence probe for the imaging of nitric oxide (NO) production in living cells. The complex can specifically react with NO in aqueous buffers under aerobic conditions to yield its triazole derivative with a high reaction rate constant at the 1010 M−1 s−1 level; this reaction is accompanied by a remarkable increase of the luminescence quantum yield from 0.13 to 2.2 %. Compared with organic probes, the new RuII complex probe shows the advantages of a large Stokes shift (>150 nm), water solubility, and a wide pH‐availability range (pH independent at pH>5). In addition, it was found that the new probe could be easily transferred into both living animal cells and plant cells by the coincubation method, whereas the triazole derivative was cell‐membrane impermeable. The probe was successfully used for luminescence‐imaging detection of the exogenous NO in mouse macrophage cells and endogenous NO in gardenia cells. The results demonstrated the efficacy and advantages of the new probe for NO detection in living cells.
Iron‐Catalyzed Halogenation of Alkanes: Modeling of Nonheme Halogenases by Experiment and DFT Calculations
Authors: Comba Peter , Wunderlich Steffen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWhen the dichloroiron(II) complex of the tetradentate bispidine ligand L=3,7‐dimethyl‐9‐oxo‐2,4‐bis(2‐pyridyl)‐3,7‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane‐1,5‐dicarboxylate methyl ester is oxidized with H2O2, tBuOOH, or iodosylbenzene, the high‐valent FeO complex efficiently oxidizes and halogenates cyclohexane. Kinetic D isotope effects and the preference for the abstraction of tertiary over secondary carbon‐bound hydrogen atoms (quantified in the halogenation of adamantane) indicate that CH activation is the rate‐determining step. The efficiencies (yields in stoichiometric and turnover numbers in catalytic reactions), product ratios (alcohol vs. bromo‐ vs. chloroalkane), and kinetic isotope effects depend on the oxidant. These results suggest different pathways with different oxidants, and these may include iron(IV)– and iron(V)–oxo complexes as well as oxygen‐based radicals.
Regioselective Oxidative Ring Opening of Cyclopropyl Silyl Ethers: A Quantum Chemical Study
Authors: Rinderhagen Heiko , Mattay Jochen , Nussbaum Rafael , Bally Thomas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn contrast to the structurally and configurationally stable alkyl‐ or aryl‐substituted cyclopropyl radical cations, cyclopropyl silyl ethers undergo spontaneous ring opening upon oxidation whereby the endocyclic CC(O‐TMS) bond is cleaved with remarkable selectivity. DFT calculations on 1‐trimethylsilyloxybicyclo[4.1.0]heptane show that this selectivity arises from the topology of the potential surface of the corresponding radical cation which is initially generated in a very steep region of the potential surface from where the steepest descent leads to cleavage of the endocyclic rather than the lateral CC(OTMS) bond. Cleavage of the lateral bond leads to interesting conformational changes which are explored in detail.
Centrioles are freed from cilia by severing prior to mitosis
Authors: Parker Jeremy D.K. , Hilton Laura K. , Diener Dennis R. , Qasim Rasi M. , Mahjoub Moe R. , Rosenbaum Joel L. , Quarmby Lynne M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCilia are necessary for normal tissue development and homeostasis and are generally present during interphase, but not in mitosis. The precise mechanism of premitotic ciliary loss has been controversial, with data supporting either sequential disassembly through the transition zone or, alternatively, a severing event at the base of the cilia. Here we show by live cell imaging and immunofluoresence microscopy that resorbing flagella of Chlamydomonas leave remnants associated with the mother cell wall. We postulated that the remnants are the product of severing of doublet microtubules between the basal bodies and the flagellar transition zone, thereby freeing the centrioles to participate in spindle organization. We show via TEM that flagellar remnants are indeed flagellar transition zones encased in vesicles derived from the flagellar membrane. This transition zone vesicle can be lodged within the cell wall or it can be expelled into the environment. This process is observable in Chlamydomonas, first because the released flagellar remnants can remain associated with the cell by virtue of attachments to the cell wall, and second because the Chlamydomonas transition zone is particularly rich with electron‐dense structure. However, release of basal bodies for spindle‐associated function is likely to be conserved among the eukaryotes. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic evidence for concerted control of actin dynamics in cytokinesis, endocytic traffic, and cell motility by coronin and Aip1
Authors: Ishikawa‐Ankerhold Hellen C. , Gerisch Günther , Müller‐Taubenberger Annette 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCoronin and actin‐interacting protein 1 (Aip1) are actin‐binding proteins that by different mechanisms inhibit actin polymerization or enhance the disassembly of actin filaments. Cells of Dictyostelium discoideum lacking both proteins are retarded in growth and early development and often fail to proceed to fruiting body formation. Coronin/Aip1‐null cells show numerous surface protrusions enriched in filamentous actin and cofilin. We show that the double‐null cells are characterized by an increase in filamentous actin that causes a thickening of the cell cortex. This imbalance has severe consequences for processes that rely on the dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, such as cell motility, cytokinesis and endocytosis. Although cell motility is considerably slowed down, the double‐mutant cells are still capable of orientating in a gradient of chemoattractant. The cytokinesis defect is caused by the lack of proper cleavage furrow formation, a defect that is partially rescued by low concentrations of latrunculin A, an inhibitor of actin polymerization. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the disassembly of the actin coat after phagocytic or macropinocytic uptake is significantly delayed in the double‐mutant cells. Our results prove that coronin and Aip1 are important effectors that act together in maintaining the balance of actin polymerization and depolymerization in living cells. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and quantification of skeletal myotube contraction and association in vitro by video microscopy
Authors: Langhammer Christopher G. , Zahn Jeffrey D. , Firestein Bonnie L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSkeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the body by weight and plays many roles in maintaining homeostasis and health. Ex vivo cell‐based experimental systems used to study muscle cell contraction, and others based on incorporation of cells into sensitive force transducers or electrophysiology equipment, are time‐consuming, invasive, and not universally available, slowing the pace of research. Video microscopy provides a noninvasive way to record the contractile behavior of skeletal muscle cells in vitro. We have developed a numerical procedure using image processing and pattern recognition algorithms, that makes it possible to quantify contractile behavior of multiple myotubes simultaneously, based on video data. We examined the ability of the program to identify movement using a simplified graphical model of myotube contraction and found that the program's success is dependent on the morphology and movement characteristics of the objects. However, the program performs optimally over the types of motions approximating those observed in culture and identifies contracting myotubes in sample videomicrographs of muscle cells in vitro. This program quantifies contractility on a population level, can be adapted for use in laboratories capable of digital video capture from a microscope, and may be coupled with other experimental techniques to supplement existing research tools. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pentalysine β‐Carbonylphthalocyanine Zinc: An Effective Tumor‐Targeting Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Zhou Shanyong , Chen Jincan , Deng Yicai , Luo Zhipu , Chen Hongwei , Hamblin Michael R. , Huang Mingdong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractUnsymmetrical phthalocyanine derivatives have been widely studied as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT), targeting various tumor types. However, the preparation of unsymmetrical phthalocyanines is always a challenge due to the presence of many possible structural isomers. Herein we report a new unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine, pentalysine β‐carbonylphthalocyanine zinc (ZnPc‐(Lys)5), that was prepared in large quantity and high purity. This is a water‐soluble cationic photosensitizer and maintains a high quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation similar to that of unsubstituted zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc). Compared with anionic ZnPc counterparts, ZnPc‐(Lys)5 shows a higher level cellular uptake and 20‐fold higher phototoxicity toward tumor cells. Pharmacokinetics and PDT studies of ZnPc‐(Lys)5 in S180 tumor‐bearing mice showed a high ratio of tumor versus skin retention and significant tumor inhibition. This new molecular framework will allow synthetic diversity in the number of lysine residues incorporated and will facilitate future QSAR studies.
Rational Design, Synthesis, and DNA Binding Properties of Novel Sequence‐Selective Peptidyl Congeners of Ametantrone
Authors: Gianoncelli Alessandra , Basili Serena , Scalabrin Matteo , Sosic Alice , Moro Stefano , Zagotto Giuseppe , Palumbo Manlio , Gresh Nohad , Gatto Barbara 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNatural and synthetic compounds characterized by an anthraquinone nucleus represent an important class of anti‐neoplastic agents, the mechanism of action of which is related to intercalation into DNA. Ametantrone (AM) is a synthetic 9,10‐anthracenedione bearing two (hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino residues at positions 1 and 4; along with other anthraquinones and anthracyclines, it shares a polycyclic intercalating moiety and charged side chains that stabilize DNA binding. All these drugs elicit adverse side effects, which represent a challenge for antitumor chemotherapy. In the present work the structure of AM was augmented with appropriate groups that target well‐defined base pairs in the major groove. These should endow AM with DNA sequence selectivity. We describe the rationale for the synthesis and the evaluation of activity of a new series of compounds in which the planar anthraquinone is conjugated at positions 1 and 4 through the side chains of AM or other bioisosteric linkers to appropriate dipeptides. The designed novel AM derivatives were shown to selectively stabilize two oligonucleotide duplexes that both have a palindromic GC‐rich hexanucleotide core, but their stabilizing effects on a random DNA sequence was negligible. In the case of the most effective compound, the 1,4‐bis‐[Gly‐(L‐Lys)] derivative of AM, the experimental results confirm the predictions of earlier theoretical computations. In contrast, AM had equal stabilizing effects on all three sequences and showed no preferential binding. This novel peptide derivative can be classified as a strong binder regarding the sequences that it selectively targets, possibly opening the exploitation of less cytotoxic conjugates of AM to the targeted treatment of oncological and viral diseases.
Cancer treatment cost in the United States
Authors: Tangka Florence K. , Trogdon Justin G. , Richardson Lisa C. , Howard David , Sabatino Susan A. , Finkelstein Eric A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:There has not been a comprehensive analysis of how aggregate cancer costs have changed over time. The authors present 1) updated estimates of the prevalence and total cost of cancer for select payers and how these have changed over the past 2 decades; and 2) for each payer, the distribution of payments by type of service over time to assess whether there have been shifts in cancer treatment settings.METHODS:Pooled data from the 2001 through 2005 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and the 1987 National Medical Care Expenditure Survey were used for the analysis. The authors used an econometric approach to estimate cancer‐attributable medical expenditures by payer and type of service.RESULTS:In 1987, the total medical cost of cancer (in 2007 US dollars) was $24.7 billion. Private payers financed the largest share of the total (42%), followed by Medicare (33%), out of pocket (17%), other public (7%), and Medicaid (1%). Between 1987 and the 2001 to 2005 period, the total medical cost of cancer increased to $48.1 billion. In 2001 to 2005, the shares of cancer costs were: private insurance (50%), Medicare (34%), out of pocket (8%), other public (5%), and Medicaid (3%). The share of total cancer costs that resulted from inpatient admissions fell from 64.4% in 1987 to 27.5% in 2001 to 2005.CONCLUSIONS:The authors identified 3 trends in the total costs of cancer: 1) the medical costs of cancer have nearly doubled; 2) cancer costs have shifted away from the inpatient setting; and 3) the share of these costs paid for by private insurance and Medicaid have increased. Cancer 2010. Published 2010 by American Cancer Society.
Active treatment of localized renal tumors may not impact overall survival in patients aged 75 years or older
Authors: Lane Brian R. , Abouassaly Robert , Gao Tianming , Weight Christopher J. , Hernandez Adrian V. , Larson Benjamin T. , Kaouk Jihad H. , Gill Inderbir S. , Campbell Steven C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although nephrectomy cures most localized renal cancers, this oncologic benefit may be outweighed by the renal functional costs of such an approach. In this study, the authors examined overall survival in 537 patients who had localized renal tumors ≤7 cm detected at age ≥75 years to investigate whether surgical intervention improved survival compared with active surveillance.METHODS:Clinical T1 renal tumors were managed with surveillance (20%), nephron‐sparing interventions (53%), or nephrectomy (27%). Cox regression models were constructed based on age, comorbidity, management type, renal function, and other variables.RESULTS:The median follow‐up was 3.9 years, and death from any cause occurred in 148 patients (28%). The most common cause of death was cardiovascular (29%), and cancer progression was responsible in only 4% of deaths. Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed decreased overall survival for patients who underwent surveillance and nephrectomy relative to nephron‐sparing intervention (P = .01); however, surveilled patients were older and had greater comorbidity. In multivariate analysis, significant predictors of overall survival included age (P = .0004) and comorbidity (P < .0001) but not management type (P = .3). Preoperative renal function (P = .006) and comorbidity (P = .005) were predictors of cardiovascular mortality, and nephrectomy was associated with greatest loss of renal function.CONCLUSIONS:In patients aged ≥75 years, surgical management of clinically localized renal cortical tumors was not associated with increased survival. Patients died mostly of cardiovascular causes, similar to the general elderly population. Nephrectomy accelerated renal dysfunction, which was associated with cardiovascular mortality. Current paradigms suggest that there is over treatment of localized renal tumors, and further study will be required to evaluate the advisability of various options in patients with limited life expectancy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Effect of Pore Structure on the Nitridation of Mesoporous Silica with Ammonia (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 15/2010)
Authors: Hayashi Fumitaka , Ishizu Ken‐ichi , Iwamoto Masakazu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows a new family of mesoporous silicon (oxy)nitrides prepared by the nitridation of mesoporous silicas with ammonia. The (oxy)nitrides obtained maintained their respective regular pore structures. The nitrogen contents could be controlled by the amounts of ammonia supplied. The use of a plug‐flow reactor instead of a usual boat‐type reactor is a key to the successful synthesis of highly nitrided samples. Details are discussed in the article by M. Iwamoto et al. on p. 2235 ff.
Potentiation of the mutagenicity and recombinagenicity of bleomycin in yeast by unconventional intercalating agents
Authors: Hoffmann George R. , Laterza Amanda M. , Sylvia Katelyn E. , Tartaglione Jason P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractInteractions between bleomycin (BLM) and conventional or unconventional intercalating agents were analyzed in an assay for mitotic gene conversion at the trp5 locus and reversion of the ilv1‐92 allele in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D7. BLM is a potent recombinagen and mutagen in the assay. Various chemicals modulate the genetic activity of BLM, producing either antimutagenic effects or enhanced genotoxicity. Effects of cationic amino compounds include enhancement of BLM activity by aminoacridines and protection against BLM by aliphatic amines. The potentiation of BLM is similar to findings in a micronucleus‐based BLM amplification assay in Chinese hamster V79 cells. In this study, the amplification of BLM activity was explored in yeast using known intercalators, compounds structurally related to known intercalators, and unconventional intercalators that were identified on the basis of computer modeling or results in the Chinese hamster BLM amplification assay. As shown in previous studies, the classical intercalator 9‐aminoacridine (9AA) caused dose‐dependent enhancement of BLM activity. Other compounds found to enhance the induction of mitotic recombination and point mutations in strain D7 were chlorpromazine, chloroquine, mefloquine, tamoxifen, diphenhydramine, benzophenone, and 3‐hydroxybenzophenone. The increased activity was detectable by cotreatment of yeast with BLM and the modulator compound in growth medium or by separate interaction of the intercalator with DNA followed by BLM treatment of nongrowing cells in buffer. The data support the interpretation drawn from micronucleus assays in mammalian cells that BLM enhancement results from DNA intercalation and may be useful in detecting noncovalent interactions with DNA. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 52:130–144, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antibiotic‐loaded chitosan film for infection prevention: A preliminary in vitro characterization
Authors: Smith J. Keaton , Bumgardner Joel D. , Courtney Harry S. , Smeltzer Mark S. , Haggard Warren O. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe growing infection rate by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, especially with bone fracture fixation implants, is a major concern in extremity musculoskeletal wound treatment. This preliminary investigation evaluates the ability of chitosan film to be loaded with daptomycin and vancomycin in the operating room, in situ loading, and applied to musculoskeletal fixation devices to lessen or prevent infection. Films with 61, 71, and 80% degrees of deacetylation (DDA) made using lactic or acetic acid solvents were analyzed for their antibiotic uptake, elution, and activity along with film swelling ratio, ultimate tensile strength, Young's modulus, adhesive strength, and degradation. Chitosan films after 1 min of rehydration were able in a simulated, clinical setting to maintain mechanical integrity and adhesive strength to be applied to bone fracture fixation devices or implant surfaces. The film percent degradation increased with DDA increasing from 61 to 80%, but film degradation rate decreased in the presence of antibiotics. Eighty percent DDA chitosan films were optimal for absorbing and eluting antibiotics. Antibiotics eluted by the films were active against Staphylococcus aureus. These findings indicate that an 80% DDA chitosan film is potentially advantageous as a clinically adjunctive treatment in musculoskeletal injuries to lessen or prevent infections. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Angiotensin II/angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) signaling promotes MCF‐7 breast cancer cells survival via PI3‐kinase/Akt pathway
Authors: Zhao Yanbin , Chen Xuesong , Cai Li , Yang Yanmei , Sui Guangjie , Fu Songbin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAngiotensin II (Ang II) is a bioactive peptide of the renin–angiotensin system, acting not only as a vasoconstrictor but also as a growth promoter via angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) in some cancer. In this study, we examined the mechanisms by which Ang II affected the cell proliferation in AT1R‐positive MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells. Ang II stimulated the growth of breast cancer cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. The maximal proliferation effect on MCF‐7 cells was obtained with 10−4 M Ang II at 24 h. Losartan (10−5 M, an AT1R antagonist) significantly decreased the level of Ang‐II‐induced proliferative effects, whereas PD123319 (10−5 M, an AT2R antagonist) had no effects. Moreover, Ang II could significantly accelerate S‐phase progression, which was inhibited by losartan (10−5 M) or LY294002 (50 µM, a PI3‐kinase inhibitor). In addition, Ang II caused rapid activation of p‐Akt in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. 10−4 M Ang II induced a significant increase of p‐Akt in 15 min. The peak level of p‐Akt could be persisted for at least 6 h. Among the signaling molecules downstream of Akt, we revealed that Ang II also significantly upregulated CyclinD1, GSK3β, and downregulated p27. Pretreatment with losartan (10−5 M) or LY294002 (50 µM) could significantly suppress these effects of Ang II. These findings suggest that Ang II plays a role in the growth of AT1R‐positive breast cancer cells through PI3‐kinase/Akt pathway activation. Therefore, targeting Ang II/AT1R signaling could be a novel therapeutic for breast cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 168–173, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.