bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MICROPROCESSOR-CONTROLLED MINI-ENVIRONMENTAL CHAMBERS CAPABLE OF SUBFREEZING TEMPERATURES IN CONSTANT OR TIME-VARYING TEMPERATURE REGIMES
Authors: Gray D.R. , Ravlin F.W. , Logan J.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA set of six microprocessor-controlled mini-environmental chambers (0.04 m3 each) was designed, built, and tested. Chambers are capable of subfreezing temperatures (less than −10 °C) and can operate under constant or time-varying temperature regimes. Chambers are cooled by circulating ethyl alcohol from a reservoir chilled by an immersion cooler. Heat is provided by 17-W cartridge heaters. Temperatures are independently controlled by a single IBM 8088 computer instructing a data acquisition and control system. A single photoperiod is maintained by a commercial timer activating two miniature light bulbs in each chamber. Chamber temperatures were within 0.5 or 0.75 °C of the set temperature 65 or 94% of the time, respectively, during a 39-d test period. Minimum temperature capabilities were estimated for a variety of chamber configurations by an examination of the thermodynamic characteristics of the system.
NEW AMBER DEPOSIT PROVIDES EVIDENCE OF EARLY PALEOGENE EXTINCTIONS, PALEOCLIMATES, AND PAST DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: Poinar George , Archibald Bruce , Brown Alex 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA large, previously unstudied amber deposit in British Columbia dating from the Early to Middle Eocene (50−55 Ma) provides a noteworthy new source of terrestrial invertebrates and other life forms. This deposit contains what are likely the earliest unequivocal ants (members of the family Formicidae), including extinct representatives ofTechnomyrmexMayr 1872,LeptothoraxMayr 1855, andDolichoderusLund 1831. DiscoveringTechnomyrmexand a corydiinid cockroach, both of which are currently restricted to tropical regions, confirms earlier evidence of warm paleoclimates and past biogeographic distributions in the early Paleogene. Chemical analysis of the amber indicates that the source tree was an araucarian belonging to or near the genusAgathisSalisbury 1807, and demonstrates that this genus survived into the Tertiary in the Northern Hemisphere, since previous records revealedAgathisas a component only of the Cretaceous forests in North America. Comparing the Hat Creek fossil assemblages in this deposit with those from the well-studied western Canadian Late Cretaceous amber deposits offers a unique opportunity to study extinction and speciation events on both sides of the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary.
BIOLOGY AND LARVAL MORPHOLOGY OFCEUTORHYNCHUS NEGLECTUS(COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), A MINOR PEST OF CANOLA (BRASSICACEAE) IN WESTERN CANADA
Authors: Dosdall L.M. , McFarlane M.A. , Palaniswamy P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA study was undertaken to determine aspects of the life history, behaviour, and host plant feeding preferences ofCeutorhynchus neglectusBlatchley, a minor pest of canola,Brassica napusL. andBrassica rapaL., in western Canada. The final-instar larva was described for the first time.Ceutorhynchus neglectuswas univoltine, with adults first occurring on host plants in early June. Mating occurred throughout June and July, and eggs were laid into the distal ends of developing siliques of flixweed,Descurainia sophia(L.) Webb (Brassicaceae). Mate guarding behaviour was observed for males ofC. neglectus, which remained attached to females long after copulation was completed and, if necessary, struggled with rival males to prevent them from fertilizing their mates. Larvae fed upon developing seeds and, when mature, bored through the pods, dropped to the soil, and constructed earthen cells approximately 2 cm beneath the soil surface where they pupated. Results from laboratory host preference studies were consistent with field observations which indicated that among selected species of Brassicaceae, leaves and siliques ofD. sophiawere preferred by adults ofC. neglectusas feeding sites. In contrast to flea beetles,Phyllotreta cruciferae(Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), which fed indiscriminantly over the entire cotyledon surfaces of canola seedlings, adults ofC. neglectuscaused less cotyledon damage per individual and tended to feed on cotyledon edges. Because of its biology and host plant preferences,C. neglectusshould remain a minor pest of canola, and can only be expected to invade the crop when its preferred host (flixweed) is unavailable.
BIOACTIVITY AND EFFICACY OF MCOL AND SEUDENOL AS POTENTIAL ATTRACTIVE BAIT COMPONENTS FOR DENDROCTONUS RUFIPENNIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Setter Robert R. , Borden John H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn randomized complete block experiments using multiple-funnel traps frontalin was only moderately attractive to spruce beetles, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby, in northern British Columbia. MCOL (1-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol) of any enantiomeric composition significantly enhanced the attraction of both sexes (up to 3.4 and 4.2 times for females and males, respectively) to traps baited with frontalin. The lack of an enantiospecific preference for MCOL aligns beetles in northern British Columbia with those in southeastern British Columbia and northern Alberta, but not with enantiospecific populations in southern British Columbia and Alaska. In tree baits, neither MCOL nor seudenol (3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol) enhanced the efficacy of frontalin. The power of frontalin alone at a release rate of 1.2 mg per 24 h (half the rate in commercial baits) indicates that the currently used operational tree baits could be modified by lowering the dose and eliminating α-pinene.
POLYETHISM IN FORAGING IN A POLYMORPHIC PREDATOR,ENOPLOGNATHA OVATA(ARANEAE: THERIDIIDAE): A CASE FOR BALANCE
Authors: Greco Carlos F. , Kevan Peter G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo colour morphs ofEnoplognatha ovata(Clerck), “redimita” and “lineata” the abdomens of which are whitish with two pink stripes and greyish-yellow, respectively, differ in their foraging strategies. When placed in artificial arenas with flowering stems to ascend, we noted that both morphs had a strong tendency to wander over the ground rather than ascend a stem [unlike the crab spider,Misumena vatiaClerck (Araneae: Thomisidae)], but thatlineatawas significantly more prone to wander than wasredimita. Neither morph showed choice for the type of stem or colour of flower. Nevertheless,redimitashowed a greater preference for choosing white artificial flowers (discs) atop 30-cm wooden rods than didlineata. We propose that the relative abundances of the two colour morphs in the natural population represents a balanced polymorphism which is maintained in part by polyethism in hunting strategies, withredimitabeing more fastidious in its selection of cryptic hunting sites in flowers than islineata, and the latter being more cryptic and more errant on the ground.
THE NEARCTIC LEAFHOPPER GENUS AURIDIUS: BIOLOGY, POLYMORPHISM AND NEW SPECIES (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Hamilton K.G.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAuridius Oman is revised, and eight new species are described: aurigineus (California), cosmeticus (Montana), melinus (California), safra (Idaho–Oregon), sandaraca (Alberta–Ontario), sulphureus (New Mexico), thapsinus (Arizona–Nevada), and vitellinus (Oregon). Auridius gilvus Hamilton & Ross, 1972 is synonymized with A. auratus (Gillette and Baker 1895). The 12 known species are illustrated and keyed, with notes on host associations, phenology, wing polymorphism, and two new subspecies: A. ordinatus amarillo (southwestern Colorado – New Mexico) and A. ordinatus crocatus (British Columbia – Oregon).
HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITOIDS OF FILTH FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) PUPAE IN CATTLE FEEDLOTS
Authors: Floate K. , Khan B. , Gibson G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractResults of a 2-year survey in Alberta, Canada, identified a parasitoid fauna of filth flies distinct from that generally reported for cattle confinements in the United States. Twenty-two feedlots were surveyed using freeze-killed sentinel house fly pupae. Parasitism averaged 0.25%. Ten species of hymenopterous parasitoids were recovered. As a percentage of the total number of pupae parasitized, these species wereMuscidifurax raptorGirault & Saunders (37.4%),Trichomalopsis sarcophagaeGahan (23.9%),Urolepis rufipes(Ashmead) (18.5%),Muscidifurax zaraptorKogan & Legner (6.9%),Nasonia vitripennisWalker (6.5%),Trichomalopsissp. (3.7%) (Pteromalidae),Phygadeuonsp. (2.9%) (Ichneumonidae),Dibrachys cavus(Walker) (0.1%) (Pteromalidae),Synacrasp. (0.1%) (Diapriidae), and an unidentified Braconidae (0.1%). No differences were detected among natural regions of the province. Three categories of seasonal activity are identified which expand on previous groupings of species by their geographic distributions. The abundance ofT.sarcophagaeand rarity of species ofSpalangiaLatreille, 1805 are in marked contrast to results of surveys conducted in the United States. This difference suggests that species used to manage populations of pestiferous flies associated with livestock in the United States could be inappropriate for use in Canada.
DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN SPRING WHEAT
Authors: Lamb R.J. , Wise I.L. , Olfert O.O. , Gavloski J. , Barker P.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe wheat midge Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) occurred in all wheat-growing areas of Manitoba during 1993–1997, with 95% of spring wheat fields having some seeds infested by larvae. The level of infestation varied, but each year in excess of 20% of seeds were infested in some fields. Infestation levels in adjacent fields were more similar than in fields separated by a few kilometres. Within fields, the infestation was similar at the edge and near the centre. Wheat midge larvae also overwintered in, and adults emerged from, fields in all wheat-growing areas of Manitoba. Adults emerged from the end of June to the end of July most years, and the peak period for adult flight was mid-July, about 1 month later than in parts of Europe where winter wheat predominates. The timing of the emergence was similar from place to place and year to year. Females constituted 95% of insects caught in a flight trap. The first 10% and 50% of the flight occurred on 9 and 16 July, respectively, and the timing of the flight was not related to growing degree-days. In early August, mature larvae began dropping from wheat heads. The timing of infestation of spring wheat was variable among years because of differences in timing between midge flights and the susceptible heading stage of the crop. Nevertheless, the wheat midge flight usually coincided with the susceptible stage of the spring wheat crop.
COMPARATIVE ECOLOGY OF TWO SPECIES OF HYDROPORUS (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE) IN A HIGH ARCTIC OASIS
Authors: deBruyn Adrian M.H. , Ring Richard A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAt Alexandra Fiord, Ellesmere Island, the diving beetles Hydroporus morio Aubé and Hydroporus polaris Fall occur in a series of shallow ponds. Detailed habitat measurements of a temporary and a permanent pond revealed a more complex and extensive organic substrate and vegetation community, longer developmental time, and greater thermal budget in the permanent pond. Hydroporus polaris was most abundant in the temporary pond, but occurred in both; this species oviposited in the absence of macrophytic vegetation, completed larval development quickly, and pupated in the drying pond substrate, and adults dispersed in fall to moister overwintering sites. Hydroporus morio was restricted to the single permanent pond; this species took longer to complete larval development, pupated in wet moss, and overwintered as adults encased in ice on the vertical pond edge. We hypothesize that H. morio is excluded from temporary ponds in the arctic by its requirement for a relatively long development time. Alternatively, H. morio may require sheltered overwintering sites that temporary ponds do not offer.
GROWTH RESPONSES OF SCOTS PINE (PINACEAE) TO ARTIFICIAL AND SAWFLY (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE) DEFOLIATION
Authors: Lyytikäinen-Saarenmaa Päivi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe influence of defoliation type (artificial versus natural), timing (early versus late), and intensity (25%, 50%, and 75% of needle mass removed) on leader growth of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (Linnaeus), was assessed for 2 years after treatment on an even-aged stand located in southeastern Finland. Trees were defoliated simultaneously, either artificially with a pair of scissors or naturally with larvae of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) and Diprion pini (Linnaeus) for the early- and late-season treatments, respectively. After 1 year, early-season artificial defoliation generally caused greater growth reduction than natural defoliation. Late-season defoliation yielded opposite results. Trees defoliated artificially in early-season treatments were significantly shorter than control trees irrespective of defoliation intensity, whereas those defoliated late in the season did not differ from controls, except at the highest intensity. Trees defoliated by sawflies, either early or late in the season, were significantly shorter than control trees only at the highest defoliation intensity. The pattern of growth loss in the second year appeared similar to that in the first year. The impact of defoliation was either prolonged neutral or negative, as no compensatory responses on height growth in Scots pine were observed. Timing of the treatment in relation to completion of leader growth, differences in defoliation types, alteration of the photosynthetic capacity due to biomass loss, and the functional role of plant parts defoliated may explain the results observed.
OVIPOSITION AND LARVAL ESTABLISHMENT OF SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) ON WHEAT (GRAMINEAE) AT DIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES
Authors: Ding H. , Lamb R.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), infests wheat, Triticum aestivum L., heads only up to anthesis when pollination occurs. The termination of infestation might be due to a deterrence of oviposition or to a suppression of larval growth on developing seeds. These hypotheses were tested in the laboratory by measuring oviposition preference, larval development, and larval preference for plants at different growth stages. Females showed no preference for ovipositing on heads at any stage from the onset of heading up to and including anthesis, and continued to lay eggs at a reduced rate 10 days after anthesis. Survival of newly hatched larvae was reduced on seeds 3–1 days after anthesis and survival and development was greatly reduced on seeds 5 or 6 days after anthesis. Larvae moved away from older seeds and fed on younger seeds in a choice test. Given a hatching time of 5–6 days, a failure to infest wheat after anthesis is not due to oviposition deterrence at anthesis, but to suppression of larval growth and development which begins soon after anthesis.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF PISSODES (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) FROM CHINA
Authors: Langor David W. , Situ Ying-X , Zhang Runzhi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPissodes punctatussp.nov. and Pissodes yunnanensissp.nov., reared from Pinus armandii Franchet and Pinus yunnanensis Franchet (Pinaceae) in southwestern China, are described and illustrated. Both species attack the upper portions of the stems of young trees, and larvae feed in the phloem and cambium.
WITHIN-TREE DYNAMICS OF MASS ATTACK BY DENDROCTONUS PSEUDOTSUGAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ON ITS HOST
Authors: Prenzel Björn G. , Laidlaw William G. , Wieser Hal 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe within-tree scale dynamics of mass attack by the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, on its host were investigated and quantified. Seven similarly sized Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Pinaceae), infested as part of several pheromone-induced infestations, were monitored over an entire attack season. Ninety percent of the attacks on mass-attacked trees occurred within 3 weeks of colonization; the remaining 10% occurred gradually over the remaining 7 weeks of the attack season. Vertical attack distribution followed a Gaussian form that shifted upwards on the bole with increasing attack density. The change in attack pattern associated with increasing attack density was investigated for the central vertical portion of the bole, where most attacks occurred, and where the vertical pattern was least variable. At low density, attacks were randomly distributed. As density increased, the distance between attacks decreased, eventually resulting in a uniform distribution.
TAXONOMIC NOTES ON THE GENUS MONELLIOPSIS (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE: CALAPHIDINAE) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES
Authors: Quednau F.W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMonelliopsis bissellisp.nov., Monelliopsis pallidasp.nov., and Monelliopsis quadrimaculatasp.nov. are described and their relationship with other known species is discussed. The taxonomic position of the genus Monelliopsis Richards is assessed and a key for the identification of the species of this aphid genus is presented.
OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOUR OF APHIDIINE WASPS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE, APHIDIINAE): MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS AND EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS
Authors: Völkl Wolfgang , Mackauer Manfred 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe examined oviposition behaviour in 49 species representing 19 genera of Aphidiinae. All species are solitary parasitoids of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea). Six general types are described that differ in oviposition time, behaviour, and morphology. The Ephedrini have the least specialized oviposition behaviour within the subfamily, with Praini and Aphidiini displaying various adaptations for host capture and oviposition. Use of the forelegs to grasp and orient aphids for oviposition has arisen twice, in Praini and, independently, in the genus Monoctonus Haliday (Aphidiini: Monoctonina). Morphological modifications of the terminal abdominal segments for host capture are found in Trioxina and in several species of Pauesia Quilis (Aphidiina). A “quick” sting is characteristic of species in the genus Aphidius Nees and related genera. The greatest degree of behavioural diversification occurred among Pauesia species, including cryptic behaviour, ant mimicry, and “sneak” oviposition. Acquired chemical camouflage and mimicry of the host’s cuticular hydrocarbon pattern to avoid detection by guarding ants is found in Aclitus obscuripennis Foerster, the genus Paralipsis Foerster, and the two closely related genera Adialytus Foerster and Lysiphlebus Foerster. It is suggested that the main driving forces in the evolution of parasitoid oviposition behaviour were aphid defensive behaviour and avoidance of aggression by trophobiotic ants. The results are compared with phylogenetic relationships inferred from morphological and molecular data.
DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS, BODY SIZE, AND SUGAR-FEEDING HABITS OF TWO SPECIES OF CHRYSOPS (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE)
Authors: Ossowski A. , Hunter F.F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo deer fly species, Chrysops mitis Osten Sacken and Chrysops excitans Walker, were collected by sweep-netting around human bait on five collection dates in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. Distribution patterns of the two species at two sites (abandoned airfield and Davies bog), in two habitats (open and forest edge), and at two times of day (morning and afternoon) are analysed. Chrysops excitans was more frequently collected than C. mitis. Regardless of site, both species are more common in the morning than the afternoon collections and both are more common in the open than the forest-edge habitats. Chrysops excitans was the larger species (based on wing length measurements) and its size was constant regardless of site, habitat, and time of day. In contrast, afternoon-collected C. mitis were larger than morning-collected flies at the Davies bog site. The crop contents of 241 flies were identified using thin-layer chromatography. Using melezitose and stachyose as honeydew-indicator sugars, the relative importance of homopteran honeydew and floral nectar as carbohydrate sources for these flies was determined. We found no significant differences among species, sites, habitats, or times of day. Overall, 52.8% of C. excitans and 51.1% of C. mitis had recently fed on homopteran-derived honeydew sugars, underscoring the importance of this carbohydrate source for the haematophagous Diptera.
MOVEMENT OF AGRIOTES OBSCURUS (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) IN STRAWBERRY (ROSACEAE) PLANTINGS WITH WHEAT (GRAMINEAE) AS A TRAP CROP
Authors: Vernon Robert S. , Kabaluk Todd , Behringer Anita 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDusky wireworms, Agriotes obscurus (L.), aggregated at rows of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., spaced 1 m apart within 6 d of seeding. Wireworms also aggregated at rows of newly planted strawberries, Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne, resulting in 43% plant mortality. Wheat rows planted 8 d in advance of intercropped rows of strawberries aggregated wireworms at the wheat rows rather than at the strawberry rows. Mortality of strawberry plants protected by the previously planted wheat rows was only 5.3%. Strawberry seedlings planted 14 d before intercropping with wheat rows incurred 29.6% mortality. These data show that trap crops of wheat planted 1 week in advance of planting strawberries can effectively reduce wireworm feeding and plant mortality and can be used as an inexpensive pest management method.
APHODIINAE (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) OF THE GALÁPAGOS ISLANDS
Authors: Cook Joyce , Peck Stewart B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Aphodiine fauna of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, is reviewed. Ten species in two genera are now recorded for the archipelago. Two species,Ataenius cristobalensissp.nov. andAtaenius floreanaesp.nov., are described.Ataenius leleupiPetrovitz is placed in synonymy. Two previously described species,Ataenius gracilis(Melsheimer) andAtaenius liogasterBates, are newly recorded as recent introductions to the islands. A key to species is included. We hypothesize that wing dimorphism for the species of the genusAtaeniusHarold endemic to the Galápagos underwent the following evolutionary stages: (1) colonization, (2) adaptation to high-elevation moist forest, and (3) speciation and extinction.
A NEW SPECIES AND REVISION OF THE CONCEPT OF THE GENUS THORONIDEA (HYMENOPTERA, PLATYGASTROIDEA: SCELIONIDAE)
Authors: Johnson Norman F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new species of Thoronidea Masner and Huggert, Thoronidea cerradensissp.nov., is described from the central Brazilian state of Goiás. This species is closely associated with stream habitats in cerrado (savanna) vegetation and probably parasitizes the eggs of aquatic Hemiptera. The male of the genus is described for the first time. The male antenna of T. cerradensis is 11-merous and A4 is exaggerated. The original generic diagnosis is modified to accommodate this new species.
DESCRIPTION OF THIRD-INSTAR LARVA OF TWO SPECIES OF PHYLLOPHAGA (COLEOPTERA: MELOLONTHIDAE)
Authors: Aragón Agustín , Morón Miguel-Angel 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThird-instar larvae of Phyllophaga (s.str.) ilhuicaminai Morón and Phyllophaga (Listrochelus) cuicateca Morón and Aragón are described. Larvae of P. ilhuicaminai were taken only from the roots of Limonium sinuatum (L.) Miller (Plumbaginaceae), an ornamental herb growing in fields near Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico. Larvae of P. cuicateca were found only on roots of Amaranthus hypocondriacus L. (Amaranthaceae) in fields near Altepexi, Puebla, Mexico. These larvae cause damage to the root system of both plant species under culture. Illustrations of diagnostic structures, a brief discussion on the differences between these larvae and other Phyllophaga Harris larvae, and a key to the Mexican larvae of the genus are included.