bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review: hepatitis‐associated aplastic anaemia – a syndrome associated with abnormal immunological function
Authors: GONZALEZ‐CASAS R. , GARCIA‐BUEY L. , JONES E. A. , GISBERT J. P. , MORENO‐OTERO R. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryBackground  Hepatitis‐associated aplastic anaemia is a syndrome in which marrow failure follows the development of hepatitis.Aim  To review systematically the aetiology, immunopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis‐associated aplastic anaemia.Methods  Literature searches were undertaken on the MEDLINE electronic database up to December 2008. Twenty‐four relevant studies were identified. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analysed and reviewed.Results  Hepatitis‐associated aplastic anemia is a variant of acquired aplastic anemia in which an episode of hepatitis precedes the onset of aplastic anemia. The hepatitis may be acute and severe, even fulminant; it may be self‐limiting or chronic. The pathology is often not attributable to a recognized cause of viral hepatitis. The syndrome occurs in 28 percent of young adults after liver transplantation for non‐A, non‐B, non‐C hepatitis. Several features of the syndrome suggest that the marrow aplasia is mediated by immunological mechanisms, possibly mediated by gamma interferon or the cytokine cascade. Survival of patients treated with hematopoietic cell transplantation has been 82%, and the response rate to immunosuppressive therapy 70%.Conclusions  Hepatitis‐associated bone marrow aplasia is mediated by immunological mechanisms. Treatment options include hematopoietic cell transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy.
Predictors of health‐related quality of life in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: AFENDY A. , KALLMAN J. B. , STEPANOVA M. , YOUNOSZAI Z. , AQUINO R. D. , BIANCHI G. , MARCHESINI G. , YOUNOSSI Z. M. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryBackground Patient‐reported outcomes like health‐related quality of life (HRQL) have become increasingly important for full assessment of patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD).Aim To explore the relative impact of different types of liver disease on HRQL as well as predictors of HRQL domains in CLD.Methods Our HRQL databases with Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36) data were used. Scores for each of SF‐36 scales (PF – physical functioning, RP – role functioning, BP – bodily pain, GH – general health, VT – vitality, SF – social functioning, RE – role emotional and MH – mental health, MCS – mental component score, PCS – physical component score) were compared between different types of CLD as well as other variables.Results Complete data were available for 1103 CLD patients. Demographic and clinical data included: age 54.2 ± 12.0 years, 40% female, 761 (69%) with cirrhosis. Analysis revealed that age correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with worsening HRQL on every scale of the SF‐36. Female patients had more HRQL impairments in PF, RP, BP, GH, VT and MH scales of SF‐36 (Δ scale score: 6.6–10.7,P < 0.05). Furthermore, cirrhotic patients had more impairment of HRQL in every scale of SF‐36 (Δ scale score: 6.6–43.0,P < 0.05). In terms of diagnostic groups, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease patients showed more impairment of HRQL.Conclusions Analysis of this large CLD cohort suggests that a number of important clinicodemographic factors are associated with HRQL impairment. These findings contribute to the full understanding of the total impact of CLD on patients’ health.
Gene expression in Large White or Duroc‐sired female and castrated male pigs and relationships with pork quality
Authors: Kwasiborski A. , Rocha D. , Terlouw C. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryThis study assessed expression of 12 genes in 24 pig longissimus samples earlier subjected to a proteomic study by our group. Genes were selected on the basis of the earlier proteomic results. Pigs differed in rearing environment (indoors or outdoors), sire breed (Duroc or Large White) and gender (female or castrated male). At slaughter they experienced different stress conditions. The proportion of gene expression changes influenced by treatment factors was consistent with the proportion of protein changes in an earlier proteomic analysis of the same pigs. Expression levels of genes were often correlated. Gene expression was generally not correlated with the levels of the corresponding protein. Finally, most meat quality traits were correlated with the expression of at least one of the studied genes. The most meaningful of these was the association of a slower pH decline with lower levels of HSP72 expression and higher levels of HSP72 protein. ANXA2 and cMDH expression were also associated with various meat quality traits. These relationships may be related to pre‐slaughter stress levels and fibre type composition.
Assessment of the swine protein‐annotated oligonucleotide microarray
Authors: Steibel J. P. , Wysocki M. , Lunney J. K. , Ramos A. M. , Hu Z.‐L. , Rothschild M. F. , Ernst C. W. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryThe specificity and utility of the swine protein‐annotated oligonucleotide microarray, or Pigoligoarray (http://www.pigoligoarray.org), has been evaluated by profiling the expression of transcripts from four porcine tissues. Tools for comparative analyses of expression on the Pigoligoarray were developed including HGNC identities and comparative mapping alignments with human orthologs. Hybridization results based on the Pigoligoarray’s sets of control, perfect match (PM) and deliberate mismatch (MM) probes provide an important means of assessing non‐specific hybridization. Simple descriptive diagnostic analyses of PM/MM probe sets are introduced in this paper as useful tools for detecting non‐specific hybridization. Samples of RNA from liver, brain stem, longissimus dorsi muscle and uterine endothelium from four pigs were prepared and hybridized to the arrays. Of the total 20 400 oligonucleotides on the Pigoligoarray, 12 429 transcripts were putatively differentially expressed (DE). Analyses for tissue‐specific expression [over‐expressed in one tissue with respect to all the remaining three tissues (q < 0.01)] identified 958 DE transcripts in liver, 726 in muscle, 286 in uterine endothelium and 1027 in brain stem. These hybridization results were confirmed by quantitative PCR (QPCR) expression patterns for a subset of genes after affirming that cDNA and amplified antisense RNA (aRNA) exhibited similar QPCR results. Comparison to human ortholog expression confirmed the value of this array for experiments of both agricultural importance and for tests using pigs as a biomedical model for human disease.
Assignment of the locus for arachnomelia syndrome to bovine chromosome 23 in Simmental cattle
Authors: Buitkamp J. , Kühn C. , Semmer J. , Götz K.‐U. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryArachnomelia syndrome is a lethal inherited malformation mainly of the limbs, vertebral column and skull in cattle, which poses a severe impairment to farmers and breeders. Recently, a number of cases of arachnomelia syndrome have occurred in the Simmental breed and some sires with excellent breeding values had been shown to be carriers of the disease. We herein report the genetic mapping of the mutation underlying arachnomelia in cattle. The disease was mapped using a two‐stage genome scan. A first round autosomal genome‐wide screening using a limited number of cases identified three chromosomal regions with lod‐scores > 1. The position of the arachnomelia syndrome locus was identified to be on BTA 23 by genotyping an additional, independent set of animals with markers that provided positive lod‐scores in the course of the initial genome‐wide screen. Using a denser set of regional microsatellites, the locus could be mapped to a region about 9 cM in length. The most significant linkage signal with arachnomelia syndrome was obtained with markerNRKM‐17(lod‐score > 20) using a recessive model. Interestingly, different genes seem to be responsible for the disease in Brown Swiss and Simmental breeds, as arachnomelia syndrome was mapped to a different location in Brown Swiss. The results provide sufficient information for the development of a genetic test system and also allow the identification of positional candidate genes.
Mannose-binding lectin is present in human semen and modulates cellular adhesion of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in vitro
Authors: Wing J B , Jack D L , Lee M E , Pacey A A , Kinghorn G R , Read R C 
Published: June 2009

Summary
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is an innate immune molecule present in blood and some mucosal tissues, which can influence microbial attachment and inflammatory responses of host cells during infection. In this study MBL was found to be present at a low concentration in semen samples in the range 1·2–24·9 ng/ml. Co-incubation of bacteria with semen resulted in the binding of MBL to the bacterial surface. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a common cause of genitourinary infection. MBL bound to N. gonorrhoeae with strain-to-strain variation in the intensity of binding and nature of the bacterial receptor. Pretreatment with MBL concentrations similar to those found in human serum modulated the adhesion of N. gonorrhoeae strain FA1090 but not strain MS11 to epithelial cells. This effect was dose-dependent. This work demonstrates that MBL is present in human semen and modifies cellular responses to N. gonorrhoeae in a concentration-dependent manner.
Feeding Artemia franciscana (Kellogg) larvae with bacterial heat shock protein, protects from Vibrio campbellii infection
Authors: Sung Y Y , Ashame M F , Chen S , MacRae T H , Sorgeloos P , Bossier P 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAmong their numerous physiological effects, heat shock proteins (Hsps) are potent immunomodulators, a characteristic reflecting their potential as therapeutic agents and which led to their application in combating infection. As an example, the up‐regulation of endogenous Hsp70 in the branchiopod crustacean Artemia franciscana (Kellogg) is concurrent with shielding against bacterial infection. To better understand this protective mechanism, gnotobiotic Artemia were fed with Escherichia coli treated to over‐produce different prokaryotic Hsps. This was shown to increase larval resistance to experimental Vibrio campbellii exposure. Immunoprobing of Western blots showed that the enhanced resistance to V. campbellii correlated with DnaK production in E coli. A definitive role for DnaK was then demonstrated by feeding Artemia larvae with transformed bacteria over‐producing only this protein, although other Hsps such as DnaJ and grpE also provided tolerance against Vibrio infection. Feeding of bacteria synthesizing selected Hsps is therefore suggested as an alternative to antibiotic use as a means of enhancing resistance of Artemia larvae to bacterial infection, which may have potential applications in aquaculture.
Lymphocystis disease virus persists in the epidermal tissues of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminch & Schlegel), at low temperatures
Authors: Hossain M , Kim S‐R , Kitamura S‐I , Kim D‐W , Jung S‐J , Nishizawa T , Yoshimizu M , Oh M‐J 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOlive flounder artificially infected with lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) were reared at 10, 20 and 30 °C for 60 days, to compare LCD‐incidence. In the fish reared at 20 °C, lymphocystis cells appeared on the skin and fins at 35 days post‐challenge, and the cumulative LCD‐incidence was 80% at 60 days. High levels of LCDV, with a mean polymerase chain reaction (PCR) titre of 106 PCR‐U mg−1 tissue, were detected in the fins and skin of LCD‐affected fish at 20 °C, but were not detected in the spleen, kidney, brain and intestinal tissues of these fish. No LCD clinical signs were observed in the fish reared at 10 °C and 30 °C; however, a low level of LCDV (103 PCR‐U mg−1 tissue) was detected in the fins and skin of these fish. By increasing the rearing temperature from 10 to 20 °C, lymphocystis clusters appeared on the skin and fins of the fish with no previous LCD clinical signs within 33 days after the temperature change. It was shown that permissive cells for LCDV infection exist in the epidermis of olive flounder. At low temperatures, small amounts of LCDV were able to persist over a period extended for a further 45 days in the fish epidermis, even though the fish showed no LCD clinical signs. The optimum growth temperature of LCDV is near 20 °C.
CD25 Blockade protects T Cells from Activation‐induced Cell Death (AICD) via Maintenance of TOSO Expression
Authors: Richter G. H. S. , Mollweide A. , Hanewinkel K. , Zobywalski C. , Burdach S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCD25 monoclonal antibody binding to the α‐chain of the Interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) receptor, blocks high‐affinity IL‐2 binding, thereby preventing complete T‐cell activation and being of ample importance in transplantation medicine and potentially the treatment of autoimmune disease. However, CD25 antibodies do not only block T‐cell activation but also prevent activation‐induced cell death (AICD) attributing a dual function to IL‐2. In this study, the modulation of the genomic expression profile of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with therapeutic concentrations of humanized anti‐CD25 mAb was investigated. PBMC were stimulated with CD3 antibody OKT‐3 together with recombinant IL‐2 in the absence or presence of anti‐CD25 mAb. RNA was extracted and subjected to microarray analysis on U133A microarrays (Affymetrix). Anti‐CD25 treatment inhibited several genes typically expressed during T‐cell activation including granzyme B, signalling lymphocyte activation molecule, family member 1 (SLAMF1), CD40‐Ligand (CD40‐L), IL‐9 and interferon (IFN)‐γ. Interestingly, anti‐CD25 mAb also blocked the expression of several genes important for susceptibility to apoptosis, such as death receptor 6 (DR6) or reversed IL‐2‐mediated repression of anti‐apoptotic genes, such as Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 3 (FAIM3)/TOSO. Functional significance of DR6 and TOSO expression in IL‐2‐dependent T‐cell activation was subsequently evaluated by RNA interference in AICD: While siRNA specifically directed against DR6 did not modulate FAS‐L‐mediated apoptosis induction in primary T cells, down‐regulation of TOSO significantly increased susceptibility to apoptosis, emphasizing an important role for TOSO in IL‐2‐mediated AICD.
T‐Cell Epitope Mapping of the Borrelia garinii Outer Surface Protein A in Lyme Neuroborreliosis
Authors: Widhe M. , Ekerfelt C. , Jarefors S. , Skogman B. H. , Peterson E. M. , Bergström S. , Forsberg P. , Ernerudh J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe studied the T‐cell reactivity to overlapping peptides of B. garinii OspA, in order to locate possible immunodominant T‐cell epitopes in neuroborreliosis. Cells from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood from 39 patients with neuroborreliosis and 31 controls were stimulated with 31 overlapping peptides, and interferon‐γ secreting cells were detected by ELISPOT. The peptides OspA17–36, OspA49–68, OspA105–124, OspA137–156, OspA193–212 and OspA233–252 showed the highest frequency of positive responses, being positive in CSF from 38% to 50% of patients with neuroborreliosis. These peptides also elicited higher responses in CSF compared with controls (P = 0.004). CSF cells more often showed positive responses to these peptides than blood cells (P = 0.001), in line with a compartmentalization to the central nervous system. Thus, a set of potential T‐cell epitopes were identified in CSF cells from patients with neuroborreliosis. Further studies may reveal whether these epitopes can be used diagnostically and studies involving HLA interactions may show their possible pathogenetic importance.
Expression of CD4 on Epstein–Barr Virus‐immortalized B Cells
Authors: Hoennscheidt C. , Max D. , Richter N. , Staege M. S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHuman antigen presenting cells commonly express CD4 but the significance of this phenomenon has not been clarified. We analyzed a panel of Epstein–Barr virus‐immortalized B cells (so called lymphoblastoid cell lines, LCL) by using flow cytometry, DNA‐microarray analysis, and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The number of CD4+ cells varied from cell line to cell line but expression of CD4 was detected by flow cytometry and RT‐PCR in all investigated cell lines. To characterize CD4 expressing LCL in more detail, we separated CD4+ and CD4− cells from single cell lines by using immunomagnetic beads. When we cultured sorted CD4+ and CD4− cells, we observed that CD4 expression was stable for several passages. However, the number of CD4+ cells decreased with time in culture. We never observed that CD4− cell lines returned back to a CD4+ phenotype. DNA‐microarray analysis of isolated CD4+ and CD4− cells indicated that the overall gene expression profile of both cell populations was highly similar. In addition, CD4+ and CD4− cells showed the same allostimulatory capacity. CD4+ LCL showed a slightly increased interleukin‐16 induced chemotaxis. Differences in the gene expression profile of CD4+ and CD4− cell lines suggested that loss of CD4 expression occurred during a differentiation step involving achaete–scute complex homolog‐like 1.
Identification and characterization of bZIP‐type transcription factors involved in carrot (Daucus carota L.) somatic embryogenesis
Authors: Guan Yucheng , Ren Haibo , Xie He , Ma Zeyang , Chen Fan 
Published: June 2009

SummarySeed dormancy is an important adaptive trait that enables seeds of many species to remain quiescent until conditions become favorable for germination. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in these developmental processes. Like dormancy and germination, the elongation of carrot somatic embryo radicles is retarded by sucrose concentrations at or above 6%, and normal growth resumes at sucrose concentrations below 3%. Using a yeast one‐hybrid screening system, we isolated two bZIP‐type transcription factors, CAREB1 and CAREB2, from a cDNA library prepared from carrot somatic embryos cultured in a high‐sucrose medium. Both CAREB1 and CAREB2 were localized to the nucleus, and specifically bound to the ABA response element (ABRE) in the Dc3 promoter. Expression of CAREB2 was induced in seedlings by drought and exogenous ABA application; whereas expression of CAREB1 increased during late embryogenesis, and reduced dramatically when somatic embryos were treated with fluridone, an inhibitor of ABA synthesis. Overexpression of CAREB1 caused somatic embryos to develop slowly when cultured in low‐sucrose medium, and retarded the elongation of the radicles. These results indicate that CAREB1 and CAREB2 have similar DNA‐binding activities, but play different roles during carrot development. Our results indicate that CAREB1 functions as an important trans‐acting factor in the ABA signal transduction pathway during carrot somatic embryogenesis.
Genetic diversity of Sicyos angulatus in central and north‐eastern Japan by inter‐simple sequence repeat analysis
Authors: KUROKAWA S , KOBAYASHI H , SENDA T 
Published: June 2009

SummaryFor the development of effective procedures to control invasive plants, it is necessary to learn about their mechanism of spread, for which an understanding of the plant’s genetic variation may be important. Sicyos angulatus is a widespread and invasive weed that grows among forage crops and natural vegetation in Japan. Inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) genotyping was used to detect the regional patterns of genetic variation of S. angulatus in its introduced range in Japan. The goal of this research was to assess the introduction dynamics and mechanism of spread of S. angulatus in Japan. Four screened ISSR primers produced 15 reliable bands, and 12 of these were polymorphic among six areas in central and north‐eastern Japan. The analysis of molecular variance (amova) revealed that 88.4% of genetic variation occurred within areas rather than between the two regions (1.1%), or among areas within regions (10.5%). While the total gene diversity among areas (Ht) was 0.1684, the coefficient of gene differentiation was low among two geographically distinct regions (Gst = 0.053). The genetic diversity indices (h = 0.116; I = 0.173) of the Fuji river area, assumed to be near the first introduction site, were not higher than other areas (total h = 0.165; total I = 0.263). In contrast, those of the Chikuma river and Tenryu river areas were relatively high (h = 0.173 and 0.187; I = 0.276 and 0.277 respectively). The Mantel test showed no significant correlation between geographical and genetic distances. These results suggest multiple introductions from the same gene pools into both central and north‐eastern regions of Japan.
High‐throughput genotyping of KIR2DL2/L3, KIR3DL1/S1, and their HLA class I ligands using real‐time PCR
Authors: Koehler R. N. , Walsh A. M. , Moqueet N. , Currier J. R. , Eller M. A. , Eller L. A. , Wabwire‐Mangen F. , Michael N. L. , Robb M. L. , McCutchan F. E. , Kijak G. H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractKiller immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) expressed on natural killer cells are critical components of innate immunity. Interactions between KIRs and their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligands have been shown to influence autoimmune and infectious disease course in defined populations. However, the low throughput and high cost of current methods impede confirmation of the universality of these findings. To support large epidemiology surveys, we developed a high‐throughput real‐time polymerase chain reaction‐based assay to identify carriers of KIR3DL1, KIR3DS1, KIR2DL2, and KIR2DL3 and their HLA ligands. The platform performed with 100% sensitivity and specificity in detection of carrier and non‐carrier on reference samples. The application of this platform will further clarify the nature and impact of the KIR–HLA epistatic interaction on disease course in large global population‐based studies.
Reproductive Compensation of Cotton after Salt Stress Relief at Different Growth Stages
Authors: Khorsandi F. , Anagholi A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDifferential salt sensitivity during growth stages and reproductive compensation of plants after salt stress relief are important factors for adopting appropriate irrigation strategies with saline waters. Consequently, recovery of cotton after exposure to different levels of salt stress was evaluated. An outdoor, sand culture experiment was conducted with cotton. Water salinities were 2, 10 and 20 dS m−1, and the growth phases were vegetative (G1), reproductive (G2) and boll development (G3). G1 and G3 were the least and the most salt tolerant phases, respectively. The significant yield reduction in all of the saline water treatments as compared to control was mainly due to the reduction in number of bolls per plants. In general, cotton plants were capable of producing seed cotton under salt stress, as well as, after salt stress relief. However, as the salt stress severity increased the ability of cotton to compensate yield loss decreased. Irrigation of cotton at G1 stage with either moderate (10 dS m−1) or high (20 dS m−1) salinity waters should be avoided. Moderate saline water could be applied either at G2 or G3 stage. High salinity water can be used for irrigation only at G3 stage to produce acceptable cotton seed yield.