bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global perspective on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ‐ prevalence, clinical impact, economic implications and management strategies
Authors: Golabi Pegah , Owrangi Soroor , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackgroundThe metabolically‐based liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is the most common cause of chronic liver disease currently affecting 38% of the world's adult population. NAFLD can be progressive leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver transplantation, liver cancer, liver‐related mortality and is associated with decreased quality of life from impaired physical functioning and increased healthcare resource utilisation. However, screening for NAFLD is cost‐prohibitive but screening for high risk NAFLD (NAFLD with F2 fibrosis or greater) is imperative.AimTo review the global perspective on NAFLD and NASHMethodsWe retrieved articles from PubMed using search terms NAFLD, prevalence, clinical burden, economic burden and management strategies.ResultsNAFLD/NASH shows geographical variation across the globe. Highest prevalence rates are in South America and the Middle East and North Africa; lowest prevalence is in Africa. NAFLD's economic impact is from direct and indirect medical costs and loss in worker productivity. It is projected that, over the next two decades, the total cost of NAFLD and diabetes will exceed $1.5 trillion (USD). Risk stratification algorithms identifying “high risk NAFLD” were made following non‐invasive tests for NAFLD identification and fibrosis development. These algorithms should be used in primary care and endocrinology settings so timely and appropriate interventions (lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factor management) can be initiated.ConclusionsTo reduce the burgeoning burden of NAFLD/NASH, management should include risk stratification algorithms for accurate identification of patients, linkage to appropriate settings, and initiation of effective treatment regimens.
Role of lifestyle and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists for weight loss in obesity, type 2 diabetes and steatotic liver diseases
Authors: Giannakogeorgou Anna , Roden Michael 
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackgroundThe current obesity pandemic has given rise to associated comorbidities and complications, including type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). During the last decade, certain glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RA), originally developed as antihyperglycemic drugs, also demonstrated efficacy for weight loss.AimsTo review shared pathophysiologic features of common metabolic diseases and compare therapeutic strategies to reduce body weight and related complications.MethodsWe performed an extensive literature research to describe the effects of lifestyle modification, first‐generation anti‐obesity drugs, and GLP‐1RA on weight loss in humans with obesity, type 2 diabetes and MASLD.ResultsUntil recently, treatment of obesity has been limited to lifestyle modification, which offer moderate degree and sustainability of weight loss. The few approved first‐generation anti‐obesity drugs are either limited to short term use or to certain forms of obesity. Some GLP‐1RA significantly decrease caloric intake and body weight. Liraglutide and semaglutide have therefore been approved for treating people with obesity. They also lead to a reduction of hepatic fat content and inflammation in people with biopsy‐confirmed MASLD. Possible limitations comprise adverse effects, treatment adherence and persistence.ConclusionCertain GLP‐1RA are superior to lifestyle modification and first‐generation anti‐obesity drugs in inducing weight loss. They have therefore markedly changed the portfolio of obesity treatment with additional beneficial effects on steatotic liver disease.
Meta‐analysis: Over‐the‐scope clips in patients at high risk of re‐bleeding following upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding
Authors: He Kun , Pang Ke , Ying Lujing , Yang Daiyu , Song Kai , Ciren Yangjin , Yan Xiaxiao , Guo Ziqi , Lyu Chengzhen , Wang Qiang , Wu Dong 
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackgroundAcute non‐variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is challenging in patients at high risk of re‐bleeding in whom standard endoscopic treatment (ST) has limited effectiveness. Over‐the‐scope clips (OTSC) have shown promise in these patients although their precise role remains uncertain.AimsTo confirm the role of OTSC in patients with UGIB at high risk of re‐bleeding.MethodsWe systematically searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE and Embase from January 1st, 1970 to April 24, 2024 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing OTSC and ST in acute non‐variceal UGIB with high re‐bleeding risk. The GRADE framework assessed evidence certainty, while trial sequential analysis (TSA) controlled random errors and evaluated conclusion validity.ResultsWe analysed four RCTs (319 patients); pooled risk ratio (RR) for clinical success at initial endoscopy favoured OTSC (RR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.08–1.56, p = 0.006, I2 = 58%, moderate certainty of evidence). TSA showed the desired sample size was 410 and the cumulative Z curve crossing the trial sequential monitoring boundary. The pooled RR for re‐bleeding within 30 days favoured OTSC (RR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.30–0.94, p = 0.03, I2 = 0%, moderate certainty of evidence). There was no significant difference in 30‐day mortality, or length of hospital or ICU stay.ConclusionsModerate certainty evidence supports OTSC as a superior initial treatment for acute non‐variceal UGIB with high re‐bleeding risk. Further large‐scale studies are needed to confirm OTSCs’ role by exploring other prognostic outcomes and assessing cost‐effectiveness and potential complications.
Large cell lymphoma through a liquid lens
Authors: Shortt Jake , Opat Stephen 
Published: May 2024

Liquid biopsy to provide a mutational snapshot of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma is an emerging technology of exciting potential utility. The report by Alcoceba et al. assesses the tractability of the EuroClonality‐NDC assay to profile lymphoma using cell‐free DNA and highlights the prognostic implication of attaining a major molecular response to therapy.Commentary on: Alcoceba et al. Liquid biopsy for molecular characterization of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and early assessment of minimal residual disease. Br J Haematol 2024;205:109–121.
Dung beetle populations's morphology show evidence of isolation in southern Brazil islands
Authors: de Sousa Eloisa Alves , Hernández Malva Isabel Medina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInsects in islands may undergo morphological variations related to the geographic isolation faced by their populations. This isolation on insular biota can vary according to the history and characteristics of the islands, as well as the dispersal ability of each species. We investigated the existence of morphological variations in the populations of the Canthon rutilans cyanescens dung beetle from the southern Brazil islands and the nearby mainland. Dung beetles were sampled from December/2020 to April/2021 from five Islands in the Santa Catarina Archipelago and on the mainland through samplings with baited live traps. With geometric morphometry analyses and individuals from each population we compared the body size using an Analysis of Variance and body shape using a Discriminant Analysis with cross‐validation test, followed by a Canonical Variable Analysis to visualize the populations in morphometric space. We found a significant difference in the body length: the population of Ratones Grande Island has smaller individuals than the populations of the mainland, Dona Francisca Island, and Peri on Santa Catarina Island. We also observed that the body shape of the population of Campeche Island differs from the populations of Arvoredo Island and Dona Francisca Island, with a slightly oval body, a larger dorsal region, and a retracted abdomen. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the populations found on the islands may have remained there since their formation after the Last Glacial Maximum. The isolation and the absence of connectivity between the populations would explain why some islands have populations with distinct morphology.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
A Global Call for Two‐Generation Approaches to Child Development and Caregivers' Livelihoods
Authors: Sommer Teresa Eckrich , Franchett Emily , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Lombardi Joan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInterest in two‐generation approaches to improve the developmental outcomes of children and their caregivers and the economic well‐being of families has increased amid persistent child and family poverty worldwide. Grounded in a dual developmental science perspective and the theory of linked lives, these approaches maximize developmental potential by addressing the interrelated educational, economic, and developmental needs of children and their caregivers. They offer coordinated, aligned, and simultaneous services for at least two generations in the same family. In this article, we propose that from a global perspective, two‐generation approaches that harness synergies among children and their caregivers are likely to be more effective than single‐generation approaches in alleviating poverty and improving human development. We identify five models in different geographic regions of the world that promote the development of young children (0–6 years), the education and livelihood of their caregivers, and the well‐being of both, which we group by type of program: quality child care, early childhood development + nonformal education for parents, and cash transfers + parenting. We close with a call for more research on two‐generation programs and policies globally.
Revisiting the conceptualization and measurement of ethnic‐racial identity affect: Recommendations for future directions
Authors: Umaña‐Taylor Adriana J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEthnic‐racial identity (ERI) is an important psychological construct that can have significant implications for individuals' positive development and adjustment. The multifaceted nature of ERI has been well documented, and scholars have identified clear distinctions between process and content dimensions of ERI. ERI affect is among the most widely studied dimensions of ERI. In this article, I revisit the theoretical and empirical foundations on which the conceptualization and measurement of ERI affect have been grounded, and present findings that suggest that distinctions between positive and negative affect are necessary. I also draw on social identity and emotion science theories to explain the patterns of findings for positive and negative affect and offer suggestions for future theorizing and empirical work on ERI affect. Finally, I offer recommendations for revised interpretations of prior work, more refined measurement approaches for future work, and increased attention to the practice‐based implications of research on ERI affect.
COPD patients with high blood eosinophil counts exhibit a lower rate of omicron infection and milder post‐infection symptoms
Authors: Bai Xueli , Niu Yanan , Wei Shuang , Zhu Zhifan , Xu Min , Liu Hu , Liu Xiansheng , Wang Ruiying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its subsequent Omicron variant has raised concerns for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients due to the potential risk of disruptions to healthcare services and unknown comorbidities between COPD and Omicron.MethodIn this study, we conducted a follow‐up investigation of 315 COPD patients during the Omicron outbreak at Shanxi Bethune Hospital to understand the impact of the pandemic on this vulnerable population. Among all patients, 228 were infected with Omicron, of which 82 needed hospitalizations.ResultWe found that COPD patients with high blood eosinophil (EOS) counts exhibited lower susceptibility to Omicron infection and were more likely to have milder symptoms that did not require hospitalization. Conversely, patients with low EOS counts showed higher rates of infection and hospitalization. Moreover, EOS count was positively correlated with T lymphocyte counts in hospitalized patients after Omicron infection, suggesting potential associations between EOS and specific immune responses in COPD patients during viral infections. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between EOS count and lymphocyte and T‐cells, and a negative correlation between EOS count and age, neutrophil, and C‐reactive protein.ConclusionOverall, our study contributes to the knowledge of COPD management during the COVID‐19 Omicron outbreak and emphasizes the importance of considering individual immune profiles to improve care for COPD patients in the face of the ongoing global health crisis.
Habitat parameters influencing the distribution of a geographically isolated flying squirrel
Authors: Winchell Clark S. , Holway David A. , Diggins Corinne A. , Doherty Paul F. , Yuan Stella C. , Banyai‐Becker Daniel , Tremor Scott B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe San Bernardino flying squirrel (SBFS) is an isolated subspecies of Humboldt's flying squirrel, occurring in montane sky islands in the San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mountains in Southern California, USA. Recent small mammal surveys in the San Jacinto Mountains suggest the squirrel is extirpated. Our objectives were (1) determine habitat features, including forest metrics and topographical factors, that influence SBFS presence, in the San Bernardino Mountains; (2) use information collected in the San Bernardino Mountains to confirm squirrel occurrence and habitat preference in the San Jacinto Mountains; and (3) assess habitat and climatic differences between the two mountain ranges that could explain species persistence in one mountain range but not the other. We surveyed for SBFS using camera traps at 54 sites in the San Bernardino Mountains and 34 sites in the San Jacinto Mountains using both camera traps and acoustics. In the San Bernardino Mountains, we detected squirrels in sites that were more mesic, had higher structural heterogeneity, and had greater amounts of downed woody material compared to non‐detection sites. Habitat parameters were similar between the two ranges; however, squirrels were not detected in the San Jacinto Mountains. Conditions in the San Jacinto Mountains were hotter and drier. Increased temperatures due to climate change could potentially explain the absence of flying squirrels in the San Jacinto Mountains.
Exploring ultrasonic communication in mice treated with Cannabis sativa oil: Audio data processing and correlation study with different behaviours
Authors: Pilipenko Tatiana , Premoli Marika , Gnutti Alessandro , Bonini Sara Anna , Leonardi Riccardo , Memo Maurizio , Migliorati Pierangelo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudying ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) plays a crucial role in understanding animal communication, particularly in the field of ethology and neuropharmacology. Communication is associated with social behaviour; so, USVs study is a valid assay in behavioural readout and monitoring in this context. This paper delved into an investigation of ultrasonic communication in mice treated with Cannabis sativa oil (CS mice), which has been demonstrated having a prosocial effect on behaviour of mice, versus control mice (vehicle‐treated, VH mice). To conduct this study, we created a dataset by recording audio‐video files and annotating the duration of time that test mice spent engaging in social activities, along with categorizing the types of emitted USVs. The analysis encompassed the frequency of individual sounds as well as more complex sequences of consecutive syllables (patterns). The primary goal was to examine the extent and nature of diversity in ultrasonic communication patterns emitted by these two groups of mice. As a result, we observed statistically significant differences for each considered pattern length between the two groups of mice. Additionally, the study extended its research by considering specific behaviours, aiming to ascertain whether dissimilarities in ultrasonic communication between CS and VH mice are more pronounced or subtle within distinct behavioural contexts. Our findings suggest that while there is variation in USV communication between the two groups of mice, the degree of this diversity may vary depending on the specific behaviour being observed.
With instead of about: Toward an anthropology that is critically integrated into Global Early Childhood Development interventions
Authors: Remorini Carolina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis comment posits questions and opens debates around the recent article by Scheidecker et al. based in the author's experience in anthropological research and applied work in child development in the Global South. The article advocates for a critical review of how anthropologists in the Global South carry out and disseminate their research, in order to broaden audiences beyond the academy. Finally, it is argued that for anthropological evidence to hold a place at the table on Global Early Childhood Development (ECD), anthropologists must engage in practices, methodologies, and forms of collaboration that make our findings and perspectives hearable. For this to happen, anthropologists should take an active part in institutions and fields of work they tend to avoid. Only in this way can we positively impact children and families by incorporating the inherent diversity of ECD beyond the parameters and values of normalcy that predominate in the so‐called minority world.
Behavioral transcriptomic effects of triploidy and probiotic therapy (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus mixture) on juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Authors: Frank Chelsea E. , Sadeghi Javad , Heath Daniel D. , Semeniuk Christina A. D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAquaculturists use polyploid fish to maximize production albeit with some unintended consequences including compromised behaviors and physiological function. Given benefits of probiotic therapies (e.g., improved immune response, growth, and metabolism), we explored probiotic supplementation (mixture of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus), to overcome drawbacks. We first examined fish gut bacterial community composition using 16S metabarcoding (via principal coordinate analyses and PERMANOVA) and determined probiotics significantly impacted gut bacteria composition (p = 0.001). Secondly, we examined how a genomic disruptor (triploidy) and diet supplements (probiotics) impact gene transcription and behavioral profiles of hatchery‐reared Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Juveniles from four treatment groups (diploid‐regular feed, diploid‐probiotic feed, triploid‐regular feed, and triploid‐probiotic feed; n = 360) underwent behavioral assays to test activity, exploration, neophobia, predator evasion, aggression/sociality, behavioral sensitivity, and flexibility. In these fish, transcriptional profiles for genes associated with neural functions (neurogenesis/synaptic plasticity) and biomarkers for stress response and development (growth/appetite) were (i) examined across treatments and (ii) used to describe behavioral phenotypes via principal component analyses and general linear mixed models. Triploids exhibited a more active behavioral profile (p = 0.002), and those on a regular diet had greater Neuropeptide Y transcription (p = 0.02). A growth gene (early growth response protein 1, p = 0.02) and long‐term neural development genes (neurogenic differentiation factor, p = 0.003 and synaptysomal‐associated protein 25‐a, p = 0.005) impacted activity and reactionary profiles, respectively. Overall, our probiotic treatment did not compensate for triploidy. Our research highlights novel applications of behavioral transcriptomics for identifying candidate genes and dynamic, mechanistic associations with complex behavioral repertoires.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on children overweight in Japan in 2020
Authors: Kawahara Tomoki , Doi Satomi Kato , Isumi Aya , Matsuyama Yusuke , Tani Yukako , Fujiwara Takeo 
Published: May 2024

SummaryObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the association between the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic and overweight incidence among preadolescent elementary school children in Japan.MethodsA population‐based longitudinal study was conducted in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan, using data from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A‐CHILD) study. The control group (2016–2018) comprised 434 children, and the COVID‐19 exposure group (2018–2020) included 3500 children. Overweight was defined as a body mass index (BMI) z‐score of 1 SD or more according to the World Health Organization standards. The study design involved comparing BMI z‐scores before and after exposure to the pandemic, considering the associated lifestyle changes and potential consequences on physical activity, parental employment status and income.ResultsBy 6th grade, the prevalence of overweight increased from 17.7% to 19.2% in the control group and 22.5% to 29.5% in the COVID‐19 exposure group. Difference‐in‐differences analysis revealed that children's exposure to COVID‐19 significantly increased BMI z‐scores (coefficient 0.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14–0.29) and a higher odds ratio of overweight (odds ratio 2.51, 95% CI 1.12–5.62), even after adjusting for time‐varying covariates.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has been associated with an increased prevalence of overweight among elementary school children in Japan.
Designing interview questions to find the right candidate
Authors: Liston Adrian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAsking the right questions during a job interview helps you find the best person for your team. A well‐crafted question will allow the applicants to shed light on their skills and their passion for science. Just as importantly, good interview questions can let you know about the applicants’ support expectations and needs, and their approach to lab citizenship and research culture. Here we crowd‐sourced the #ImmunologyFutures community for their go‐to job interview questions, to help you find the right candidate for your position.
I Am in Prison, Making Batik, and You Are Visiting Me
Authors: Wowor Jeniffer F. P. , Rungkat Merry K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article contributes to the literature on interreligious engagement in prison from the perspective of Christian religious educational and missional ministry. It uses a case study conducted in the Class IIA Women's Correctional Institution in Semarang, Indonesia. In Indonesia, educational and missional ministry in prisons plays a vital role in supporting prison services. This ministry is understood as part of the Christian mandate to serve those in prison, regardless of their religion. Though spiritual development for Christian inmates is also essential, it is important to consider a comprehensive interreligious engagement programme that includes art, creativity, and imagination, including batik‐making. Using a postcolonial feminist perspective, this article proposes practices relevant to prison ministry, especially for female inmates. The practices are both educational and missional. We call the interconnection between the educational and missional a liberating third space – a space of interreligious engagement that is relevant for female inmates in Indonesia.