bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tobacco Assessment in Actively Accruing National Cancer Institute Cooperative Group Program Clinical Trials
Authors: Peters Erica N. , Torres Essie , Toll Benjamin A. , Cummings K. Michael , Gritz Ellen R. , Hyland Andrew , Herbst Roy S. , Marshall James R. , Warren Graham W. 
Published: June 2012

Purpose Substantial evidence suggests that tobacco use has adverse effects on cancer treatment outcomes; however, routine assessment of tobacco use has not been fully incorporated into standard clinical oncology practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tobacco use assessment in patients enrolled onto actively accruing cancer clinical trials. Methods Protocols and forms for 155 actively accruing trials in the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Clinical Trials Cooperative Group Program were evaluated for tobacco use assessment at enrollment and follow-up by using a structured coding instrument. Results Of the 155 clinical trials reviewed, 45 (29%) assessed any form of tobacco use at enrollment, but only 34 (21.9%) assessed current cigarette use. Only seven trials (4.5%) assessed any form of tobacco use during follow-up. Secondhand smoke exposure was captured in 2.6% of trials at enrollment and 0.6% during follow-up. None of the trials assessed nicotine dependence or interest in quitting at any point during enrollment or treatment. Tobacco status assessment was higher in lung/head and neck trials as well as phase III trials, but there was no difference according to year of starting accrual or cooperative group. Conclusion Most actively accruing cooperative group clinical trials do not assess tobacco use, and there is no observable trend in improvement over the past 8 years. Failure to incorporate standardized tobacco assessments into NCI-funded Cooperative Group Clinical Trials will limit the ability to provide evidence-based cessation support and will limit the ability to accurately understand the precise effect of tobacco use on cancer treatment outcomes.
Elevated human epididymis protein 4 concentrations in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Nagy Béla , Krasznai Zoárd T , Balla Heidi , Csobán Mária , Antal-Szalmás Péter , Hernádi Zoltán , Kappelmayer János 
Published: June 2012

Background Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has recently become an available tumour biomarker for detecting ovarian cancer along with the standard cancer antigen 125 (CA125). However, it is unknown if the levels of HE4 and CA125 may be altered in subjects who have impaired renal function with no ovarian disorders. Methods In 113 female patients at different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with no ovarian and lung cancer and 68 subjects with normal renal and ovarian function, HE4 and CA125 concentrations were analysed by using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (Architect®, Abbott) and electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (Modular E170®, Roche), respectively. Renal function was evaluated by measuring serum creatinine and urea concentrations (Cobas Integra-800®, Roche). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR in mL/min/1.73 m2) was calculated by the 4v-MDRD formula. Results Significantly increased HE4 concentrations ( P < 0.0001) were found in individuals with differently decreased eGFR values (<90 mL/min/1.73 m2) compared with clinical controls. CA125 serum concentration was higher than normal in subjects with CKD3 (eGFR = 30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2), but significant elevation ( P = 0.006) in CA125 concentrations was seen only in those who had severe renal failure (CKD4-5; eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2). These tendencies were independent of age in our study cohort, and seemed to be more evident among women in premenopausal status. Conclusions HE4 concentrations may be elevated in CKD patients with no ovarian and lung cancer. Thus, HE4 results should be interpreted cautiously in women with renal disorders.
Reflex testing to define action limits for community-based requests
Authors: Barron Jeffrey , Ng Charles , Aspin Lisa , Robinson Lisa-Jane , Smith Geoff 
Published: June 2012

Background Critical values are required to be phoned 24/7. Other abnormal results fall short of the thresholds used to define critical values and may only be required to be phoned during the day. Community-based requestors prefer not to be contacted unless a result is critical and contacting them requires substantial staff resource. It is common practice to add tests to requests to expedite diagnosis or clarify the significance of a particular result using algorithms. Methods We devised algorithms for reflex addition of tests which allowed the differentiation of significantly abnormal results as either critical values or those that only require day phoning. Results Algorithms identified 158 out of 309 tests as being critical (51%) over nine months. Reflex addition of serum bicarbonate identified 4% of serum glucose (24.9–37.9 mmol/L) as critical. Use of estimated glomerular filtration rate by reflex addition of serum creatinine identified 68% of serum lithium (1.49–1.99 mmol/L) as critical. Addition of serum potassium, calcium and magnesium identified 21% of serum digoxin (>2.49 nmol/L) as critical and addition of serum potassium and calcium to all samples with serum magnesium (<0.31 mmol/L) identified hypocalcaemia in all cases. The addition of serum creatinine and potassium as markers for rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure did not help in the differentiation of serum creatine kinase > 4999 μ/L. Conclusions Use of reflex tests helped inform a phoning system based on the division of results into critical values and non-emergency abnormal values. This avoids disturbing requestors unnecessarily and conserves staff time at night.
Rates of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Youth: Age, Sex, and Behavioral Methods in a Community Sample
Authors: Barrocas Andrea L. , Hankin Benjamin L. , Young Jami F. , Abela John R. Z. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:
The goal was to assess the rate and behavioral methods of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in a community sample of youth and examine effects of age and sex.

METHODS:
Youth in the third, sixth, and ninth grades (ages 7–16) at schools in the community were invited to participate in a laboratory study. A total of 665 youth (of 1108 contacted; 60% participation rate) were interviewed about NSSI over their lifetime via the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview.

RESULTS:
Overall, 53 (8.0%) of the 665 youth reported engaging in NSSI; 9.0% of girls and 6.7% of boys reported NSSI engagement; 7.6% of third-graders, 4.0% of sixth-graders, and 12.7% of ninth-graders reported NSSI engagement. There was a significant grade by gender interaction; girls in the ninth grade (19%) reported significantly greater rates of NSSI than ninth-grade boys (5%). Behavioral methods of NSSI differed by gender. Girls reported cutting and carving skin most often, whereas boys reported hitting themselves most often. Finally, 1.5% of youth met some criteria for the proposed fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) diagnosis of NSSI.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children and adolescents engage in NSSI. Ninth-grade girls seem most at risk, as they engage in NSSI at 3 times the rate of boys. Behavioral methods of NSSI also vary by grade and gender. As possible inclusion of an NSSI diagnosis in the fifth edition of the DSM-5 draws near, it is essential to better understand NSSI engagement across development and gender.
Long-term Outcomes of Group B Streptococcal Meningitis
Authors: Libster Romina , Edwards Kathryn M. , Levent Fatma , Edwards Morven S. , Rench Marcia A. , Castagnini Luis A. , Cooper Timothy , Sparks Robert C. , Baker Carol J. , Shah Prachi E. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of meningitis in young infants. We evaluated long-term outcomes among GBS meningitis survivors. We hypothesized that despite reduced mortality, GBS meningitis would remain a significant cause of morbidity among GBS survivors.METHODS:Ninety term and near-term infants diagnosed with GBS meningitis from 1998 through 2006 were identified from 2 children’s hospitals. Five died acutely, and 5 died at 6 months to 3 years of age. Forty-three survivors (54%; mean age 6.8, range 3–12 years) were consented for evaluation and underwent physical and neurologic examinations, hearing and vision screening, and standardized developmental assessments. Associations among presenting features, laboratory parameters, neurologic status at hospital discharge, and later developmental outcomes were explored by using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.RESULTS:Twenty-four of 43 (56%) children evaluated demonstrated age-appropriate development, 11 (25%) had mild-to-moderate impairment, and 8 (19%) had severe impairment. Admission features associated with death after hospital discharge or severe impairment included lethargy (P = .003), respiratory distress (P = .022), coma or semicoma (P = .022), seizures (P = .015), bulging fontanel (P = .034), leukopenia (P = .026), acidosis (P = .024), cerebrospinal fluid protein &gt;300 mg/dL (P = .006), cerebrospinal fluid glucose &lt;20 mg/dL (P = .026), and need for ventilator (P = .002) or pressor support (P &lt; .001). Features at discharge associated with late death or severe impairment included failed hearing screen (P = .004), abnormal neurologic examination (P &lt; .001), and abnormal end of therapy brain imaging (P = .038).CONCLUSIONS:Survivors of GBS meningitis continue to have substantial long-term morbidity, highlighting the need for ongoing developmental follow-up and prevention strategies such as maternal immunization.
Buckling strength of axially compressed thin axisymmetric shells as affected by localized initial geometric imperfections
Authors: El Bahaoui J. , El Bakkali L. , Khamlichi A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Buckling analysis of axially compressed cylindrical shells having one or two localized initial geometric imperfections was performed by using the finite element method. The imperfections of entering triangular form were assumed to be positioned symmetrically at the mid shell length. The buckling load was assessed in terms of shell aspect ratios, imperfection amplitude and wavelength, and the distance separating the imperfections. The obtained results have shown that amplitude and wavelength have major effects, particularly for short and thin shells. Two interacting imperfections were found to be more severe than a single imperfection, but the distance separating them has small influence.
The theoretical possibilities and significance of the competence development training and educational profile program with the support of the faculty of engineering, University of Debrecen
Authors: Rady E. A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The rapidly changing organizational and business environment provides new challenges for higher education: both for teaching staff and students. The acquisition of professional skills alone is no longer enough for a successful career: Increasingly, there is a demand for continuous self-development.
This demand is represented at each end of the market: students who may wish to develop their personal skills and confidence, and companies which accordingly, may operate more efficiently with better prepared graduates. Introducing different alternatives for the acquisition of self-awareness and competencies into the higher education training palette can provide the basis for continuous self-development. The Life Long Learning objective is that students at all levels of education may acquire the self-awareness and competencies necessary for success in their chosen profession. The Faculty of Engineering group would support the implementation. The study's objectives are to identify the goals and present the results edited by the Competence Development Training Program research group formed at the University of Debrecen, Faculty of Engineering.
High-k dielectrics for hybrid floating gate memory applications
Authors: Lisoni J.G. , Breuil L. , Blomme P. , Van Houdt J. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTWe report on the materials issues involved in the hybrid floating gate (HFG) device fabrication, where the interpoly dielectric is replaced by an intermetal dielectric (IMD). Indeed, in HFG the dielectric is inserted in between two metal layers in a metal\dielectric\metal stack. The materials of choice were TiN as the metal layer and Al2O3 and HfO2 (and their combination) as IMD. The program/erase performance is discussed based on the dielectric constant and crystallinity of the IMD and the metal-IMD interface characteristics.
Development of organic resistive memory for flexible electronics
Authors: Frolet Nathalie , Charbonneau Micaël , Tiron Raluca , Buckley Julien , Mariolle Denis , Boutry Delphine , Coppard Romain , De Salvo Barbara 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we have performed further investigations and deepened our understanding of Polymer Resistive Random Access Memory devices (PoRRAM) on silicon substrate. Organic thin films based on blend of fullerene (C60) molecules and poly-methyl-methacrylate resist (PMMA) were analyzed from a material and electrical point of views. We have enlightened first the necessity of thermal treatment on the nano-composite layer in order to obtain memory effect in the device. Indeed from I-V measurements, only devices that had a thermal activation exhibited the hysteresis phenomenon, characteristic of the memory effect. The impact of thermal annealing has been investigated by morphological analysis (AFM and confocal microscopy) before and after thermal treatment. This process step induced the C60 molecules aggregation in the polymer matrix. The morphological study of these aggregates coupled with electrical measurements allowed us to determine the influence of aggregation on the electrical behavior. Due to their flexibility, this organic memories based on PMMA:C60 nanocomposites show a strong potential for an adaptation on plastic substrate.
Study of Steam Injection in a Fractured Carbonate Heavy Oil Reservoir in Iran
Authors: Mohammadi Sh. , Ehsani M. R. , Nikookar M. , Sahranavard L. , Garakani A. Soleimani 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In this paper, three dimensional modeling of steam injection in a fractured carbonate reservoir containing heavy-oil was performed. The paper describes a numerical Technique that simulates three-dimensional heat transfer and three-dimensional, three-phase fluid flow in a reservoir.This model considered both capillary and gravity effects in the energy equation and a variable porosity. First, steam injection process was modeled in a non-fractured reservoir, then, the model accuracy was assessed. The results showed that steam injection in a non-fractured reservoir increases the oil recovery to 70 %. In the next step, steam injection process was modeled in a fractured reservoir. The amount of oil recovery in this reservoir was estimated about 30 %.The sensitivity analysis for identification and evaluation of steam injection process in both non-fractured and fractured reservoirs was performed. The results indicated that some parameters such as: injection pressure, steam quality, pre-heating, permeability and location of fracture effect on the oil recovery. Oil recovery from carbonate fractured reservoirs is less compared with non-fractured reservoirs, and breakthrough occurs sooner.
Applicability of Slug Flow Models to Heavy Oils
Authors: Lacy Claud E. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
New slug flow data and closure relationships for heavy oils have recently become available in the literature for both horizontal and vertical flow. This laboratory data allows the testing of current modeling technology to understand what modeling gaps must be addressed and where more data is needed. Comparisons of the data with typical one-dimensional slug flow models were performed at conditions where the liquid flow in the liquid slug is either laminar, transition or weakly turbulent flow. The closure relationships such as distribution parameter, drift velocity, and holdup in liquid slug are discussed along with the impact of these choices.
Numerical Simulation for the Profile Control Combination Process of Steam Foam and Stiff Particles
Authors: Feng Qihong , Wang Sen , Liu Ping , Ge Pingyuan , Shi Shubin , Sun Yiling 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Profile control by steam foam is commonly used as an effective EOR method for the development of heavy oil reservoirs. However, due to the limited shut-off capacity of foams, the existence of thief zones or high-conductive layers will result in short validity period and poor efficiency. Therefore, steam foam profile control process assisted by stiff particles (SFPCASP) is presented, i.e. stiff particles are firstly injected into the reservoir to plug high-permeability zones, and then steam foam is injected.
The objective here is to establish a numerical method to simulate the combination process. A three-dimensional, three-phase, five-component mathematical model is put forward, which takes into account the principal physico-chemical phenomena and the synergic action. Based on the model, a corresponding numerical simulator is developed, in which FIM (Fully Implicit Method) is applied to ensure the stability and to simulate the reservoir accurately.
An oilfield pilot test has been carried out, and the development scheme is optimized. Compared with only steam foam injection, the best project of the combination process would increase 6.3% of the heavy oil recovery, which effectively demonstrate the validity of the technology. Moreover, the performance of the pilot test was in agreement with the prediction.
In addition, this work provides a platform which can be applied to simulate profile control process by steam foam, by stiff particles or by both of them.
Application of Nanofluid Technology to Improve Recovery in Oil and Gas Wells
Authors: McElfresh Paul , Holcomb David , Ector Daniel 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The use of aqueous stabilized nanoparticle dispersions (NPDs) with 4-20 nm silicon dioxide particles has been demonstrated in both experimental laboratory evaluations and field trials to provide production improvements in wellbore remediation and increased injectivity over conventional treatments. To date over 50 successful beta test applications have been performed. Additional work is under way to develop improved NPD formulations that will enable applications in areas like hydraulic fracturing, acidizing, production chemicals, water flooding, tar sands, and heavy oil.
Nanofluids are stable colloidal dispersions or micellar dispersions that accelerate recovery of hydrocarbon from oil and gas reservoirs by the use of the unique enabling mechanism of disjoining pressure. The nanoparticles in NPD utilize this mechanism to form a self-assembled wedge-shaped film on contact with a discontinuous phase. This wedge film acts to separate formation fluids (oil, paraffin, water, and/or gas) from the formation's surface, thereby recovering more fluids than previously possible with conventional additives or fluids.
This paper will present a description of the disjoining pressure mechanism and present Research laboratory and actual field treatment beta testing to illustrate that higher fluid recoveries and injection rates can be achieved, by enabling conventional intervention fluids to function more efficiently.
Environmentally Acceptable Compositions Comprising Nanomaterials for Plugging and Sealing Subterranean Formations
Authors: Patil Prajakta , Kalgaonkar Rajendra 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
High water production greatly affects the economic life of producing wells and is a serious problem in the oil industry. Excessive water cut is also responsible for many oilfield-related damage mechanisms, such as scale deposition, fines migration, corrosion, etc. Nanomaterials, such as nanosilica, in combination with chelating agents, could be used for plugging and sealing water-or gas-producing zones (bottom-water coning, gas coning, natural fractures, etc.), thus improving oil recovery.
The nanosilica used in design of water shutoff is an inorganic material with properties of no dissolution or aggregation in a liquid environment. Moreover, the entire system, including the chelating agent, is compatible with reservoir fluids and is environmentally acceptable. The particle size of nanosilica greatly influences the structural properties of the material. These aspects, in turn, exhibit a strong effect on chemical reactivity. The smaller particle size of nanosilica than previously used silica products generates increased surface area and interface atoms, which in turn increases the surface free energy and associated structural perturbations.
This paper presents the development of a novel, environmentally acceptable conformance sealant that incorporates nanosilica and an activator. Different chelating agents, which are also non-toxic and biodegradable, are used as activators in this conformance evaluation. The newly developed system can effectively prevent water and gas flow in BHSTs up to 300°F. The static gelation times were evaluated at different temperatures up to 300°F. An increase in temperature caused an increase in the particle collision, which led to lower gelation times. The effects of pH and concentration of activators on gelation times of the new conformance system were also studied. The gelation time could be controlled by adjusting the concentration of the activator, which is advantageous because it allows the sealant to remain pumpable over predictable periods of time.
Game Changing Technology with MWNT Nanocomposites for HTHP and Hostile Environment Sealing in Enhancing Oil Recovery
Authors: Ito Masaei , Madhavan Raghu , Osawa Osamu , Noguchi Toru , Ueki Hiroyuki , Takeuchi Kenji , Endo Morinobu 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
A key challenge in exploiting the untapped hydrocarbons in hotter and deeper reservoirs is the lack of reliable HTHP (high temperature and high pressure) technology. This paper introduces a novel sealing material based on MWNT (Multi-wallel Carbon Nanotubes) and Rubber Nanocomposites for use in the exploration and development of HTHP reservoirs.
Prior efforts in developing the Nanocomposites technology have identified two key challenges, namely, the uniform dispersion of MWNT and the poor bonding between MWNT and the rubber matrix. By developing innovative and new processes, we have resolved the issues of dispersion and bonding in 2008. The new process technologies we are pioneering are enabling us to develop a series of novel sealing systems for the HTHP environments. In one of the new sealing systems, we were able to a significantly increase the sealing performance of an existing system from 40 °C to 175 °C and 20,000 psi to one that can seal ‒10 °C to 260 °C and 45,000 psi, temperature and pressure ranges.
We have completed an extensive series of tests to check the durability and reliability of the new sealing systems, including chemical-resistance tests in mud, hydrocarbon oil, brines, H2S, CO2 and in HTHP conditions. We had several successful field trials of the new sealing system around the globe, including, the Gulf of Mexico, North Sea, Arabian Peninsula, Africa, Asia and US land. Having established the technology and its benefits in extending reliable field operations, we are now championing its use in the exploration and development efforts in hostile frontiers. We believe that our new sealing solutions based on Nanotechnology and processes are proving to meet the critical needs in the exploration and development of HT and/or HP, deep water, and other hostile environment reservoirs