bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin transport across porous charged membranes: Effect of the electrostatic interaction
Authors: Zhang Shaoling , Matsumoto Hidetoshi , Saito Keiichiro , Minagawa Mie , Tanioka Akihiko 
Published: July 2009

AbstractInsulin transport phenomena across a series of porous charged membranes were studied at two pH conditions (pH 3.3 and pH 7.4) in this article. The membranes were prepared by pore‐surface modification of porous poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) membranes by grafting with weak acidic and basic functional groups. The insulin partition coefficient K between the membrane and solution was estimated from the equilibrium adsorption amount in the batch adsorption experiment. The insulin effective diffusion coefficient D inside the membrane was determined as a fitting parameter by matching the diffusion model with the experimental data of the diffusion measurement. Both K and D correlated well with the charge properties of the insulin and membrane: when the insulin and membrane carried opposite net charge, the partition coefficient showed relatively larger values, while the effective diffusion coefficient was reduced. The insulin permeability coefficient P obtained from the experimental results agreed with that estimated from the partition coefficient and effective diffusion coefficient. These results suggested that the combined effects of the solubility and diffusivity on the permeability coefficient complicated the relationship between the permeability and the charge properties of the insulin and membrane. Additionally, our calculation supported that insulin permeability was reduced by the boundary layer between the membrane and solution. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Influence of wall thickness on fluid–structure interaction computations of cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Torii Ryo , Oshima Marie , Kobayashi Toshio , Takagi Kiyoshi , Tezduyar Tayfun E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFluid–structure interaction (FSI) analyses of cerebral aneurysm using patient‐specific geometry with uniform and pathological aneurysmal wall thickness models are carried out. The objective is to assess the influence of the wall thickness on the FSI and hemodynamics in aneurysms. Two aneurysm models that were reconstructured based on CT images are used. The arterial wall thickness is set to 0.3 mm for the non‐aneurysmal artery and to 0.05 mm for the aneurysmal wall based on experimental findings. Another set of aneurysm models with a uniform wall thickness of 0.3 mm for the entire model is used for comparison. The FSI simulations are carried out using the deforming‐spatial‐domain/stabilized space–time method with physiological inflow and pressure profiles. Computations with different aneurysmal wall thicknesses depict considerable differences in displacement, flow velocity and wall shear stress (WSS). The wall displacement for the pathological wall model is 61% larger than that of the uniform wall model. Consequently, the flow velocities in the aneurysm with the pathological wall model are lower, and that results in a 51% reduction in WSS on the aneurismal wall. Because low WSS on the aneurymal wall is linked to growth and rupture risk of aneurysm, the results suggest that using uniform wall thickness for the aneurysmal wall could underestimate risk in aneurysms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blood lipid levels in relation to glucose status in seven populations of Asian origin without a prior history of diabetes: the DECODA study
Authors: Zhang L. , Qiao Q. , Tuomilehto J. , Hammar N. , Janus E. D. , Söderberg S. , Mohan V. , Ramachandran A. , Dong Y. H. , Lam T. H. , Pang Z. C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundDyslipidaemia commonly coexists with diabetes. We investigated the association of lipid profiles with glucose levels in populations of Asian origin without a prior history of diabetes.MethodsCross‐sectional data of 10 374 men and 12 552 women aged 30–74 years from 14 cohorts, representing seven populations of Asian origin were jointly analysed. Multivariable adjusted linear regression analyses with standardized regression coefficients (β) were performed to estimate relationships between lipids and plasma glucose.ResultsWithin each glucose category, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were correlated with increasing levels of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), TC to high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio and non‐HDL cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C) (p < 0.05 in most of the ethnic groups) and inversely associated with HDL‐C (p < 0.05 in some, but not all, of the populations). The association of lipids with 2‐h plasma glucose (2hPG) followed a similar pattern as that for the FPG, except that an inverse relationship between HDL‐C and glucose was more commonly observed for 2hPG than for FPG among different ethnic groups.ConclusionsHyperglycaemia is associated with adverse lipid profiles in Asians without a prior history of diabetes. The 2hPG appears to be more closely associated with lipid profiles than does FPG. When assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease, the association of the dyslipidaemia with intermediate hyperglycaemia needs to be considered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disposable bioreactors for plant liquid cultures at Litre‐scale
Authors: Eibl Regine , Werner Sören , Eibl Dieter 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDriven by the demands of the market and the manufacturing industry, disposable bioreactors have gained in importance in cell culture‐based processes during the last 10 years. Today they are widely accepted in R&D and also in manufacturing where process simplicity, safety and flexibility have top priority. Although disposable bioreactors are mainly used for cell expansions, glycoprotein secretions and virus generations realised with mammalian and insect cell lines, there are several reports delineating their suitability for the cultivation of plant cell and tissue cultures. This review describes the current disposable bioreactor types suitable for growing plant cell suspensions and organ cultures (hairy roots, meristematic clusters, somatic embryos) at Litre‐scale. Based on a definition of the term “disposable bioreactor”, a categorisation of the prevalent types for plant liquid cultures is presented. We describe the bioreactor regimes, working principles and bioengineering parameters of mechanically and pneumatically agitated bag bioreactors, which have advantages of process scalability and efficiency. Furthermore, results from the literature and data from our own research (obtained during production of undifferentiated bioactive cells, expressions of secondary metabolites and glycoproteins, and micropropagations of plant tissues) are discussed.
In vitro cartilage formation using TGF‐β‐immobilized magnetic beads and mesenchymal stem cell‐magnetic bead complexes under magnetic field conditions
Authors: Motoyama Mitsuru , Deie Masataka , Kanaya Atsushi , Nishimori Makoto , Miyamoto Ayato , Yanada Shinobu , Adachi Nobuo , Ochi Mitsuo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe evaluated the efficacy of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β‐immobilized magnetic beads for chondrogenesis in vitro using a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) delivery system and an external magnetic force (EMF). MSCs isolated from the bone marrow of Sprague Dawley rats were mixed with carboxyl group‐combined magnetic beads (Ferri Sphere 100C®) coated with anti‐rat CD44 mouse monoclonal antibodies. TGF‐β3 (10 and 1 ng/mL) was attached magnetically to such other Ferri Sphere 100C® beads via an amide bond formed between a primary amino group on the TGF‐β3 and the carboxyl groups on the surface of the beads. MSC‐magnetic bead complexes were centrifuged to form a pellet and cultured in chondrogenic differentiation medium (CDM) supplemented with either 10 or 1 ng/mL TGF‐β‐immobilized magnetic beads (10 or 1 ng/mL TGF‐β‐immobilized magnetic bead groups) or in CDM supplemented with 1 or 10 ng/mL TGF‐β (1 or 10 ng/mL TGF‐β group). TGF‐β‐immobilized magnetic beads were gathered effectively under an EMF. Chondrogenesis was achieved from the MSC‐magnetic bead complexes in the presence of 1 ng/mL TGF‐β‐immobilized magnetic beads. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Preparation and characterization of polymethacrylate monolithic capillary columns with dual hydrophilic interaction reversed‐phase retention mechanism for polar compounds
Authors: Urban Jiří , Škeříková Veronika , Jandera Pavel , Kubíčková Romana , Pospíšilová Marcela 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMonolithic columns for capillary hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) were prepared in fused‐silica capillaries by radical co‐polymerization of [2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl‐(3‐sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide and ethylene dimethacrylate in various binary and ternary porogen solvent mixtures with azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator of the polymerization reaction. Columns showed mixed separation modes: reversed‐phase (RP) in water‐rich mobile phases and HILIC at high concentrations of acetonitrile (>60–80%) in aqueous–organic mobile phases. A continuous change in retention was observed at increasing concentration of water in acetonitrile, giving rise to characteristic U‐turn plots of retention factors versus the concentration of water in the mobile phase, with minima corresponding to the transition between the mechanisms controlling the retention. The selectivity of organic polymer monolithic columns for HILIC separations can be varied by adjusting the concentration of sulfobetaine monomer and the composition of the porogen solvent in the polymerization mixture. Under HILIC conditions, the monolithic capillary sulfobetaine columns show separation selectivities for polar phenolic acids similar to those of a commercial silica‐based sulfobetaine ZIC‐HILIC column, which, however, has limited selectivity in the RP mode due to lower retention.
High‐performance separation of small inorganic anions on a methacrylate‐based polymer monolith grafted with [2(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride
Authors: Connolly Damian , Paull Brett 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate monolith in capillary format (100 μm/id) has been grafted with chains of poly([2(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (poly‐META) and applied to the ion‐chromatographic separation of selected inorganic anions. Grafting chains of META onto the generic monolithic scaffold resulted in a monolith with ‘electrolyte responsive flow permeability’, which manifested as increased permeability in the presence of electrolyte solutions. Using an eluent of 2 mM sodium benzoate and on‐column contactless conductivity detection, a test mixture of six common anions was isocratically separated and detected within 12 min, with the first four anions baseline resolved within a retention time window of 3.2 min. Retention time precision was ⪇1.2% for all anions tested. Separation efficiencies of 15 000 N/m were achieved for fluoride at 1 μL/min, with column efficiencies up to 29 500 N/m obtained at a lower flow rate of 100 nL/min. Furthermore, repeatability of the column modification procedure using photografting methods was acceptable, with retention times between replicate columns matching within 9%.
The Effect of Side Chain Length and Hydrogen Bonding on the Viscoelastic Property of Isobutene/Maleimide Copolymers
Authors: Omayu Akitoshi , Yoshioka Shin'ya , Matsumoto Akikazu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe viscoelastic properties of the alternating copolymers of N‐substituted maleimides with n‐alkyl and ω‐carboxy‐n‐alkyl groups as the N‐substituent with isobutene were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis. The transition temperatures in the α‐relaxation region depended on the alkyl chain length and the presence or absence of a terminal carboxy group in the side chain. β‐Relaxation due to side chain dynamics was also observed in a lower temperature region without merging the α‐ and β‐relaxation processes for all the copolymers. The molecular motions of the semiflexible main chain and the flexible side alkyl groups were investigated as well as the intermolecular interaction by hydrogen bonding of the carboxyl groups.magnified image
Choosing hamsters but not rats as a model for studying plasma cholesterol‐lowering activity of functional foods
Authors: Zhang Zesheng , Wang Hao , Jiao Rui , Peng Cheng , Wong Yin Mei , Yeung Venus Sai Ying , Huang Yu , Chen Zhen‐Yu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRats and hamsters are commonly used rodents to test the efficacy of cholesterol‐lowering functional foods. In general, a diet containing 1% cholesterol for rats whereas a diet containing 0.1% cholesterol for hamsters is used to induce the hypercholesterolemia. The present study was carried out to compare hamsters with rats as a hypercholesterolemia model. Golden Syrian hamsters and Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and fed one of the four diets containing 0–0.9% cholesterol. Results demonstrated that serum total cholesterol (TC) in hamsters was raised 73–81% higher than that in rats fed the same cholesterol diets. Unlike rats in which HDL‐C accounted very little for serum TC, the lipoprotein profile in hamsters was closer to that in humans. We investigated interaction of higher cholesterol diets with 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutary‐CoA (HMG‐CoA) reductase, low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDL‐R) and cholesterol‐7α‐hydroxylase (CYP7A1), sterol regulatory element binding protein‐2 (SREBP‐2), and liver X receptor (LXR‐α). Results showed hamsters and rats metabolized cholesterol differently. In view that hamsters synthesize and excrete cholesterol and bile acids in a manner similar to that in humans, it is concluded that hamsters but not rats shall be chosen as a model to study efficacy of cholesterol‐lowering functional foods.
Continuous Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with Low Catalyst Concentration in a Tubular Reactor
Authors: Chan Nicky , Boutti Salima , Cunningham Michael F. , Hutchinson Robin A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractContinuous ARGET ATRP of butyl methacrylate was carried out in an 850 mL tubular reactor using parts per million levels of copper catalyst and stoichiometric amounts of ligand to copper under industrially relevant conditions without monomer and solvent purification. A copper(II) bromide/tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine complex was used as catalyst, and tin(II) 2‐ethylhexanoate was chosen as the reducing agent. It was found that stainless steel fittings and/or storage tanks had an adverse effect on polymerization rate, underlining the importance of the choice of chemically inert tubing. The problem of lower rate was solved by increasing the amount of reducing agent in the system fourfold, under which conditions the molecular weight development and polymerization rate in the tubular system compared well to that in a batch reactor. Thus, ARGET ATRP can be made significantly faster and more robust through the judicious use of an inexpensive and non‐hazardous reducing agent. The tubular reactor produces polymer with a controlled molecular weight distribution continuously and reliably, demonstrating its potential for industrial adoption.magnified image
GPU‐accelerated boundary element method for Helmholtz' equation in three dimensions
Authors: Takahashi Toru , Hamada Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRecently, the application of graphics processing units (GPUs) to scientific computations is attracting a great deal of attention, because GPUs are getting faster and more programmable. In particular, NVIDIA's GPUs called compute unified device architecture enable highly mutlithreaded parallel computing for non‐graphic applications. This paper proposes a novel way to accelerate the boundary element method (BEM) for three‐dimensional Helmholtz' equation using CUDA. Adopting the techniques for the data caching and the double–single precision floating‐point arithmetic, we implemented a GPU‐accelerated BEM program for GeForce 8‐series GPUs. The program performed 6–23 times faster than a normal BEM program, which was optimized for an Intel's quad‐core CPU, for a series of boundary value problems with 8000–128000 unknowns, and it sustained a performance of 167 Gflop/s for the largest problem (1 058 000 unknowns). The accuracy of our BEM program was almost the same as that of the regular BEM program using the double precision floating‐point arithmetic. In addition, our BEM was applicable to solve realistic problems. In conclusion, the present GPU‐accelerated BEM works rapidly and precisely for solving large‐scale boundary value problems for Helmholtz' equation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective and non‐selective non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and the risk of acute kidney injury
Authors: Lafrance Jean‐Philippe , Miller Donald R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurposeUse of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is associated with risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). Risk of AKI may vary with selectivity of the NSAID, but this has not been studied in a large cohort where AKI was assessed directly from laboratory data. The objective was to compare AKI risk between selective and non‐selective NSAIDs using a laboratory‐based definition of AKI.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective nested case‐control study in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs health care system. From a cohort of 1 459 271 new NSAID users, we identified 22 824 cases of AKI (97% male; mean age: 63 years), and 336 734 matched controls between 2000 and 2006. AKI was defined as a creatinine increase of greater than 50%.ResultsWe found higher risk of AKI in new users of any single NSAID (adjusted odds ratio = 1.82; 95%CI: 1.68, 1.98) compared to non‐users without recent use. The risk of AKI varied among different NSAIDs with risk generally increasing with decrease in selectivity: rofecoxib (0.95; 0.64, 1.42), celecoxib (0.96; 0.63, 1.47), meloxicam (1.13; 0.63, 2.05), etodolac (1.31; 1.08, 1.59), diclofenac (1.11; 0.84, 1.48), piroxicam (1.53; 1.05, 2.23), salsalate (1.51; 1.22, 1.87), sulindac (1.61; 1.12, 2.30), ibuprofen (2.25, 2.04, 2.49), naproxen (1.72; 1.52, 1.95), high dose aspirin (3.64; 2.46, 5.37), indomethacin (1.94; 1.56, 2.42), keterolac (2.07; 1.78, 2.41). Those using multiple NSAIDs appeared to have higher risk (2.90; 2.62, 3.22).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that risk of AKI may be lower with more selective agents than with naproxen or other non‐selective NSAIDs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) surface with attached dextran macromolecules
Authors: Stetsyshyn Yurij , Donchak Volodymyr , Harhay Khrystyna , Voronov Stanislav , Raczkowska Joanna , Budkowski Andrzej 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Peroxidation of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) surface clears the path to the formation of biospecific polymeric layers on it. The goal of this work was the modification of a PET surface with oligoperoxides with further grafting of dextran macromolecules to this peroxidated surface.RESULTS: Novel oligoperoxides with a good affinity to PET were synthesized. They are capable of attaching to the PET surface, due to the decomposition of peroxide groups via the formation of free radicals. The alterations in surface energy and its components as a result of surface modification as well as changes in topography of the PET surface were determined. The degree of modification of the PET surface can reach 68% and depends on the following: the method of oligoperoxide and dextran deposition; the concentration of both oligoperoxide and dextran in the initial solution; and the temperature at which the modification is carried out.CONCLUSION: A new method of PET surface activation has been developed. The attachment of dextran macromolecules to modified PET surfaces is confirmed. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes bearing mono(imino)pyridyl and bis(imino)pyridyl ligands: preparation, structure and ethylene polymerization/oligomerization behaviors
Authors: Su Biyun , Zhao Jianshe , Zhang Qunzheng , Qin Wenlong 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Ethylene oligomerization is the major industrial process to produce linear α‐olefins. Recently much work has been devoted to late transition metal catalysts used in this process, especially those with 2,6‐bis(imino)pyridyl dihalide ligands. Considering that most work has focused on simple modification to the substituents in imino‐aryl rings based on the symmetric bis(imino)pyridyl framework, here we expand this work to the asymmetric mono(imino)pyridyl ligands.RESULTS: The preparation, structure and ethylene polymerization/oligomerization behavior of series of mono(imino) pyridyl–MCl2 and bis(imino)pyridyl–MXn complexes are presented. The systematic studies were focused on the relationship between the catalytic behavior of these complexes for ethylene polymerization/oligomerization and reaction conditions, ligand structures, metal centers and counter‐anions. The influence of the coordination environment on catalyst behavior is also discussed.CONCLUSION: For mono(imino)pyridyl–Co(II) and Ni(II) catalysts bearing the Cl− counter‐anion, good activities ranging from 0.513 × 105 to 1.58 × 105 g polyethylene (mol metal)−1 h−1 atm−1 are afforded, and the most active catalysts are those with methyl in both ortho‐ and para‐positions of the imine N‐aryl ring. For bis(imino)pyridyl–Co(II) and Ni(II) catalysts bearing the SO42− and NO3− counter‐anions, the low activities for ethylene oligomerization are in sharp contrast to those of their chloride analogues. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 by schizandrin, a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan isolated from Schisandra chinensis, on T47D human breast cancer cells
Authors: Kim Sun‐Jack , Min Hye‐Young , Lee Eun Jin , Kim Yeong Shik , Bae KiHwan , Kang Sam Sik , Lee Sang Kook 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSchizandrin is one of the main dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans present in the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Schisandraceae). Biological activities including hepatoprotective, antiviral and neuroprotective effects of schizandrin and other dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans have been reported previously. However, the antiproliferative effect of schizandrin against human cancer cells has been poorly determined to date. This study examined the antiproliferative effect of schizandrin in human breast cancer cells. Schizandrin exhibited growth inhibitory activities in cultured human breast cancer cells, and the effect was the more profound in estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive T47D cells than in ER‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 cells. When treated with the compound in T47D cells, schizandrin induced the accumulation of a cell population in the G0/G1 phase, which was further demonstrated by the induction of CDK inhibitors p21 and p27 and the inhibition of the expression of cell cycle checkpoint proteins including cyclin D1, cyclin A, CDK2 and CDK4. These results suggest that schizandrin inhibits cell proliferation through the induction of cell cycle arrest with modulating cell cycle‐related proteins in human breast cancer cells. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.