bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polydopamine-mediated immobilization of BMP-2 onto electrospun nanofibers enhances bone regeneration
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Li Jing , Wang Zichen , Chen Yuehui , Jin Mingchao , Chen Shuo , Xie Jinlu , Ge Shuhui , He Hongyi , Xu Juntao , Wu Fengfeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Dealing with bone defects is a significant challenge to global health. Electrospinning in bone tissue engineering has emerged as a solution to this problem. In this study, we designed a PVDF-b-PTFE block copolymer by incorporating TFE, which induced a phase shift in PVDF from α to β, thereby enhancing the piezoelectric effect. Utilizing the electrospinning process, we not only converted the material into a film with a significant surface area and high porosity but also intensified the piezoelectric effect. Then we used polydopamine to immobilize BMP-2 onto PVDF-b-PTFE electrospun nanofibrous membranes, achieving a controlled release of BMP-2. The scaffold’s characters were examined using SEM and XRD. To assess its osteogenic effects in vitro, we monitored the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells on the fibers, conducted ARS staining, and measured the expression of osteogenic genes. In vivo, bone regeneration effects were analyzed through micro-CT scanning and HE staining. ELISA assays confirmed that the sustained release of BMP-2 can be maintained for at least 28 d. SEM images and CCK-8 results demonstrated enhanced cell viability and improved adhesion in the experimental group. Furthermore, the experimental group exhibited more calcium nodules and higher expression levels of osteogenic genes, including COL-I, OCN, and RUNX2. HE staining and micro-CT scans revealed enhanced bone tissue regeneration in the defective area of the PDB group. Through extensive experimentation, we evaluated the scaffold’s effectiveness in augmenting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. This study emphasized the potential of piezoelectric PVDF-b-PTFE nanofibrous membranes with controlled BMP-2 release as a promising approach for bone tissue engineering, providing a viable solution for addressing bone defects.
Formation of Si nanopillars through partial sacrificing in super passivation reactive ion etching
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Yu Lihui , Ye Shujun , Zhao Qiutong , Guo Jingquan , Yin Hongxing , Wang Yeliang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The vertical gate-all-around (VGAA) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) holds remarkable potential in the three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits (ICs), primarily owing to its capacity for vertical integration. The Si nanopillar, a crucial channel in the VGAA MOSFET, is conventionally shaped via the reactive ion etching (RIE) system employing SF6/O2. Past studies have indicated that high O2 gas conditions in RIE often result in Si grasses irregular nanostructures, such as nanospikes on the bottom surface, due to over-passivation. However, this study revealed that ultrahigh O2 proportions (>70%), especially when combined with low chamber pressure, inhibit the development of Si grasses in the RIE system (termed as super passivation). Nevertheless, this scenario leads to the segmentation of the Si nanopillar. To address this issue, a proposed partial sacrificing method, achieved by sacrificing the upper segment of the nanopillar through prolonged processing time and reduced mask size, successfully yielded Si nanopillars without Si grasses. Furthermore, an empirical model was developed to elucidate how experimental parameters influence etching characteristics, encompassing etching rate and Si nanopillar shape, through a systematic examination of the RIE etching process. This research significantly contributes to the production of VGAA MOSFETs and 3D ICs.
Oxidation behavior and atomic structural transition of size-selected coalescence-resistant tantalum nanoclusters
Authors: Hu Shengyong , Hu Kuojuei , Zhang Yongxin , Shah Syed Adil , Zhao Zixiang , Zuo Zewen , Lu Siqi , Tang Sichen , Zhu Wuwen , Fang Liu , Song Fengqi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Herein a series of size-selected Ta
N
(N = 147, 309, 561, 923, 1415, 2057, 6525, 10 000, 20 000) clusters are generated using a gas-phase condensation cluster beam source equipped with a lateral time-of-flight mass-selector. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM) imaging reveals good thermal stability of Ta
N
clusters in this study. The oxidation-induced amorphization is observed from AC-STEM imaging and further demonstrated through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The oxidized Ta predominantly exists in the +5 oxidation state and the maximum spontaneous oxidation depth of the Ta cluster is observed to be 5 nm under prolonged atmosphere exposure. Furthermore, the size-dependent sintering and crystallization processes of oxidized Ta
N
clusters are observed with an in situ heating technique, and eventually, ordered structures are restored. As the temperature reaches 1300 °C, a fraction of oxidized Ta309 clusters exhibit decahedral and icosahedral structures. However, the five-fold symmetry structures are absent in larger clusters, instead, these clusters exhibit ordered structures resembling those of the crystalline Ta2O5 films. Notably, the sintering and crystallization process occurs at temperatures significantly lower than the melting point of Ta and Ta2O5, and the ordered structures resulting from annealing remain well-preserved after six months of exposure to ambient conditions.
Thermometry mapping during CT-guided thermal ablations: proof of feasibility and internal validation using spectral CT
Authors: Zhang Kuan , Ferrero Andrea , In Myung-Ho , Favazza Christopher P 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. Conventional computed tomography (CT) imaging does not provide quantitative information on local thermal changes during percutaneous ablative therapy of cancerous and benign tumors, aside from few qualitative, visual cues. In this study, we have investigated changes in CT signal across a wide range of temperatures and two physical phases for two different tissue mimicking materials, each. Approach. A series of experiments were conducted using an anthropomorphic phantom filled with water-based gel and olive oil, respectively. Multiple, clinically used ablation devices were applied to locally cool or heat the phantom material and were arranged in a configuration that produced thermal changes in regions with inconsequential amounts of metal artifact. Eight fiber optic thermal sensors were positioned in the region absent of metal artifact and were used to record local temperatures throughout the experiments. A spectral CT scanner was used to periodically acquire and generate electron density weighted images. Average electron density weighted values in 1 mm3 volumes of interest near the temperature sensors were computed and these data were then used to calculate thermal volumetric expansion coefficients for each material and phase. Main results. The experimentally determined expansion coefficients well-matched existing published values and variations with temperature—maximally differing by 5% of the known value. As a proof of concept, a CT-generated temperature map was produced during a heating time point of the water-based gel phantom, demonstrating the capability to map changes in electron density weighted signal to temperature. Significance. This study has demonstrated that spectral CT can be used to estimate local temperature changes for different materials and phases across temperature ranges produced by thermal ablations.
Time delays between physiological signals in interpreting the body’s responses to intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Li Geng , Zhou Mengwei , Huang Xiaoqing , Ji Changjin , Fan Tingting , Xu Jinkun , Xiong Huahui , Huang Yaqi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. Intermittent hypoxia, the primary pathology of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), causes cardiovascular responses resulting in changes in hemodynamic parameters such as stroke volume (SV), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR). However, previous studies have produced very different conclusions, such as suggesting that SV increases or decreases during apnea. A key reason for drawing contrary conclusions from similar measurements may be due to ignoring the time delay in acquiring response signals. By analyzing the signals collected during hypoxia, we aim to establish criteria for determining the delay time between the onset of apnea and the onset of physiological parameter response. Approach. We monitored oxygen saturation (SpO2), transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2), and hemodynamic parameters SV, HR, and BP, during sleep in 66 patients with different OSA severity to observe body’s response to hypoxia and determine the delay time of above parameters. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, Quade test, and Spearman test. Main results. We found that simultaneous acquisition of various parameters inevitably involved varying degrees of response delay (7.12–25.60 s). The delay time of hemodynamic parameters was significantly shorter than that of SpO2 and TcPO2 (p< 0.01). OSA severity affected the response delay of SpO2, TcPO2, SV, mean BP, and HR (p < 0.05). SV delay time was negatively correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index (r = −0.4831, p< 0.0001). Significance. The real body response should be determined after removing the effect of delay time, which is the key to solve the problem of drawing contradictory conclusions from similar studies. The methods and important findings presented in this study provide key information for revealing the true response of the cardiovascular system during hypoxia, indicating the importance of proper signal analysis for correctly interpreting the cardiovascular hemodynamic response phenomena and exploring their physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms.
The Advanced Computing Hub at BSC: improving fusion codes following modern software engineering standards
Authors: Sáez X , Soba A , Ylla Català J V , Saxena G , Garcia-Gasulla M , Morales C , Dorca D V , Komm M , Podolnik A , Romazanov J , Sánchez E , Velasco J L , Mantsinen M J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Several dedicated High-Performance Computing (HPC) centers provide essential expertise and support in developing a suitable portfolio of EUROfusion standard codes. Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) is one of these HPC hubs involved in this complex task. Several fusion codes were selected, installed and analyzed to meet the developers’ requirements, ranging from portability to GPU, improving the performance, getting better data management, extending the capacity of coupling with other codes, etc. In this paper, we will describe the work developed by BSC and some of the tasks carried out in this project. We will explain briefly how the project is faced and the work required to create good quality codes, i.e. robust and trustable software capable of running efficiently in modern HPC systems.
Radial basis function neural network for solution of two-dimensional burgers’ equation
Authors: Kapoor Mamta , Rawal Kirti 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In present research a neural network-based method named as ‘Radial basis function neural network method’ is tested upon two-dimensional Burgers’ equation. For this purpose, five types of the radial basis functions are considered such as; Linear, Cubic, Quintic, Multiquadric, and gaussian. The validation of results is provided via

L

∞

error, Mean Square Error, and the Root Mean Square Error. The obtained errors are acceptable from mathematical view point. The graphical compatibility of the results is also tested via the comparison of exact and predicted solutions in the graphs. It is a novel viewpoint to tackle the complex natured mathematical problems. In such method there is no discretization, linearization or quasi-linearization is provided. Therefore, no such scope of error is present. The present method will surely be a major breakthrough to tackle numerous mathematical models.
Improved electrical properties in PZT/PZ thin films by adjusting annealing temperature
Authors: Yang F , Chen J Y , Hou M Z , Cao Y F , Zhang Y , Li X F , Zhang X Q , Hu Y C , Shang J , Yin S Q , Wang X W 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3/PbZrO3 (PZT/PZ) multilayer films were prepared on SiO2/Si substrate buffered with LaNiO3 (LNO) thin films, and then annealed at different temperatures by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) technology. The phase structures, microstructures, and electrical properties of the obtained PZT/PZ multilayer films were studied. According to the results of XRD and SEM, it was found that the PZ films with perovskite phase were obtained by annealing at 650 °C firstly. The PZT films on crystallized PZ films were in amorphous phase after annealing at 450 °C, in pyrochlore phase after annealing at 550 °C, and finally in perovskite phase at annealing temperature higher than 600 °C. The multilayer films with the PZT films annealed at 550 °C exhibited linear hysteresis loops, and such films showed the enhanced energy storage density of 31.6 J cm−3 and the energy storage efficiency of 66.9% at a high breakdown field strength of 2475 kV cm−1. The experimental results proved that the phase structure of the PZT/PZ multilayer films can be regulated by different annealing temperatures, which could further enhance the energy storage performance of the PZT/PZ multilayer films.
A space dependent Cosmological Constant
Authors: Comelli D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In a specific adiabatic perfect fluid, intrinsic entropy density perturbations are the
source of a space-dependent cosmological constant responsible for local void inhomogeneity.
Assuming an anisotropic Locally Rotationally Symmetric space time, using the 1+1+2 covariant
approach and a Lemaître space time metric, we study the cosmological implication of
such a scenario giving a proper solution to the Hubble constant tension and providing, locally,
also an effective equation of state with w ≤ -1.
Effect of the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB 221009A) on low energy gamma-ray counts at sea level
Authors: Thakur Pranali , Datar Gauri , Vichare Geeta , Chelliah Selvaraj 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A gamma-ray burst, named GRB 221009A, occurred on 9 October 2022 and is the brightest ever observed GRB, whose frequency is now estimated as once in 10,000 years. This GRB was reported to be observed from many space missions, VLF receivers, and ground observations in optical and radio data. Additionally, a strikingly large number of very high energy (VHE) photons associated with this GRB were observed by the gamma-ray and cosmic ray observatory LHAASO. Though gamma-rays of cosmic origin usually tend to be absorbed by the atmosphere, the high fluence of this GRB, along with the observation of more than 5000 VHE photons (0.5 to 18 TeV) by LHAASO from the ground, emphasises the need to explore other possible ground observations of this GRB.

With RA = 288.3° and Dec = 19.8°, the exceptionally bright fluence of this GRB was geographically centred on India. The present paper examines the effect of this GRB using gamma-ray data in a low energy range (0.2–6) MeV obtained using NaI (Tl) detectors located at Tirunelveli (Geographic coordinates: 8.71°N, 77.76°E), India. We report no significant change in the observations associated with GRB 221009A. We discuss the extent of attenuation of gamma-rays in the atmosphere that could explain the reported observations. Further, we investigate the likelihood of ground observation of gamma-rays (< 10 MeV) for a much more intense hypothetical GRB and estimate the parameters, such as distance, fluence, and isotropic energy of such a GRB.
Probing the vector charge of Sagittarius A* with pulsar timing
Authors: Hu Zexin , Shao Lijing , Xu Rui , Liang Dicong , Mai Zhan-Feng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Timing a pulsar orbiting around Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) can provide us
with a unique opportunity of testing gravity theories. We investigate the
detectability of a vector charge carried by the Sgr A* black hole (BH) in the
bumblebee gravity model with simulated future pulsar timing observations. The
spacetime of a bumblebee BH introduces characteristic changes to the orbital
dynamics of the pulsar and the light propagation of radio signals. Assuming a
timing precision of 1 ms, our simulation shows that a 5-yr observation of a
pulsar with an orbital period Pb
∼ 0.5 yr and an orbital
eccentricity e ∼ 0.8 can probe a vector charge-to-mass ratio as small as
Q/M ∼ 10-3, which is much more stringent than the current constraint from
the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations, and comparable to the
prospective constraint from extreme mass-ratio inspirals with the Laser
Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA).
Biased motility-induced phase separation: from chemotaxis to traffic jams
Authors: Bertin Eric , Solon Alexandre 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We propose a one-dimensional model of active particles interpolating between quorum sensing models used in the study of motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) and models of congestion of traffic flow on a single-lane highway. Particles have a target velocity with a density-dependent magnitude and a direction that flips with a finite rate that is biased toward moving right. Two key parameters are the bias and the speed relaxation time. MIPS is known to occur in such models at zero bias and zero relaxation time (overdamped dynamics), while a fully biased motion with no velocity reversal models traffic flow on a highway. Using both numerical simulations and continuum equations derived from the microscopic dynamics, we show that a single phase-separated state extends from the usual MIPS to congested traffic flow in the phase diagram defined by the bias and the speed relaxation time. However, in the fully biased case, inertia is essential to observe phase separation, making MIPS and congested traffic flow seemingly different phenomena if not simultaneously considering inertia and tumbling. We characterize the velocity of the dense phase, which is static for usual MIPS and moves backward in traffic congestion. We also find that in presence of bias, the phase diagram becomes richer, with an additional transition between phase separation and a microphase separation that is seen above a threshold bias or relaxation rate.
Real-time data processing method for CO2 dispersion interferometer on EAST
Authors: ZHANG 张 Jiamin 家敏 , YAO 姚 Yuan 远 , LIU 刘 Yuyang 郁阳 , CHU 储 Yuqi 宇奇 , RUAN 阮 Tianyi 天翼 , ZHANG 张 Yao 耀 , LIU 刘 Haiqing 海庆 , JIE 揭 Yinxian 银先 , LING 凌 Bili 必利 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A real-time data processing system is designed for the carbon dioxide dispersion interferometer (CO2-DI) on EAST. The system utilizes the parallel and pipelining capabilities of an field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to digitize and process the intensity of signals from the detector. Finally, the real-time electron density signals are exported through a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) module in the form of analog signals. The system has been successfully applied in the CO2-DI system to provide low-latency electron density input to the plasma control system on EAST. Experimental results of the latest campaign with long-pulse discharges on EAST (2022–2023) demonstrate that the system can respond effectively in the case of rapid density changes, proving its reliability and accuracy for future electron density calculation.
Descriptive Strength and the Adequacy of Implementation Claims
Authors: Anderson Neal G , Piccinini Gualtiero 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces three classes of computational descriptions of physical systems (CDPSs) of increasing strength, defined by which of four strength criteria they satisfy. Two of these criteria—the criteria S (for state) and P (for process) introduced in Chapter 3—are defining criteria for any CDPS. The two remaining criteria—criteria PCE (for physical-computational equivalence) and U (for usability) introduced in this chapter—go further. CDPSs are classified as weak if they satisfy S and P but not PCE or U, robust if they satisfy S, P, and PCE but not U, and strong if they satisfy all four criteria. The chapter then outlines a framework for evaluating claims about implementation based on this strength classification, which helps to reveal what one must accept about the nature of physical implementation if one is to accept that claim as adequate.
The Robust Mapping Account of Implementation
Authors: Anderson Neal G , Piccinini Gualtiero 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents and defends the robust mapping account of implementation, which regards a physical system as implementing a computing system if and only if that physical system satisfies a robust computational description as defined in Chapter 4. When a physical system satisfies a robust computational description, it bears the physical signature of the computing system it is taken to implement. The chapter then considers whether the account satisfies the desiderata for a good account of physical computation discussed in Chapter 1, connects it to previous work in physical information theory that formalizes key ideas in the account, characterizes computational errors (i.e., miscomputation) and partial implementation as deviations from robust implementation, and quantifies these deviations from robustness and their physical (e.g., dissipative) consequences. These physical-information-theoretic results provide physically grounded theoretical support for the robust mapping account.
Finding a Way Together
Authors: Fraser Chris 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter inquires into the attitudes and conduct towards others that complement the admirable individual life as depicted in the Zhuāngzǐ. It proposes that, on a broadly Zhuangist understanding, interpersonal ethics is simply a special case of competence in applying dé and following dào, one application of a general ideal of exemplary activity in which we employ our dé to find a fitting, free-flowing dào by which to navigate contingent, changing circumstances. A Zhuangist account of how to treat others is simply an account of how to apply dé to find dào in cases where other agents and our relations with them are signal features of our situation. Interactions with others present contexts in which, instead of wandering the way on our own, we must find our way together. Rather than framing our conduct in terms of doing what is morally right or permissible, a Zhuangist approach evaluates the quality of our activity as a performance of dào and manifestation of dé, examining whether it is adept or clumsy, free-flowing or obstructed, in harmony with the situation or at odds with it. Our interactions with others are guided by a deeply contextual responsiveness that seeks to find provisional points of convergence between their dào and ours. ‘Good fit’ between their dào and ours is indicated by an absence of conflict and by smooth, free-flowing, mutually acceptable interaction. The chapter sketches how such indicators may reflect a distinctively Zhuangist understanding of the sources of normativity.
Introduction
Authors: Bengson John , Cuneo Terence , Shafer-Landau Russ 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This Introduction sets out four key features of this book’s approach to metaethical inquiry. The first concerns its unique methodology, which emphasizes handling data and grounding theoretical claims. The second concerns its non-minimalist formulation of moral realism, whose constituent theses capture the idea that morality enjoys objective authority. The third is its extensive use of the ideology of post-modal metaphysics, such as grounding and essence. The fourth is its commitment to the integrity of moral philosophy, which has it that answering key questions in metaethics involves making substantive commitments in normative ethics. After presenting and discussing these four features of the book, the Introduction comments on how the various chapters are intertwined.