bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of severity of menstrual dysfunction with cardiometabolic risk markers among women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Li Xuelan , Yang Jie , Blockeel Christophe , Lin Min , Tian Xiaoyan , Wu Haocun , Cao Yaqi , Deng Ling , Zhou Xianli , Xie Jinying , Hu Yunzhao , Chen Xin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with a wide range of unfavorable cardiometabolic risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Compared with women with regular menstrual cycles, women with a history of irregular menstrual periods have an increased unfavorable cardiometabolic risk. Recently, the association between the severity of oligomenorrhea and hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance has been demonstrated. However, evidence linking the severity of menstrual cyclicity with cardiometabolic risk in PCOS women is scarce.Material and MethodsThis work was a prospective cross‐sectional study. A total of 154 women diagnosed with PCOS by the Rotterdam criteria were recruited from July 2021 to September 2022. PCOS women with eumenorrheic (eumeno group), oligomenorrhea (oligo group), and amenorrhea (ameno group) underwent history and physical examination, gonadal steroid hormone measurement, lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.ResultsA trend toward an increase in unfavorable cardiometabolic risk markers including obesity, hypertension, prevalence of insulin resistance, prediabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome was observed in the ameno group (n = 57) as compared with the eumeno (n = 24) or oligo group (n = 73). A higher prevalence of insulin resistance (odds ratio [OR]: 3.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–8.81) and prediabetes (OR: 3.94; 95% CI: 1.01–15.40) was observed in the ameno group than in the eumeno group, and a higher proportion of dyslipidemia (OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.16–5.15) was observed in the ameno group than in the oligo group in the binary logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounding factors.ConclusionsPCOS women with amenorrhea show a higher prevalence of insulin resistance, prediabetes, and dyslipidemia compared with those with oligomenorrhea or eumenorrhea. The severity of menstrual dysfunction could be used as a readily obtainable marker for the identification of PCOS women at greatest risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
Maternal metabolic conditions as predictors of breastfeeding outcomes: Insights from an Australian cohort study
Authors: Rassie Kate , Dhungana Raja Ram , Mousa Aya , Teede Helena , Joham Anju E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionBreastfeeding represents an important opportunity to optimize health outcomes for both mother and infant, particularly in the context of maternal metabolic conditions such as diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome. However, evidence suggests that women affected by these conditions breastfeed at reduced rates and durations. Our aim was to use the large, prospective, community‐based Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) to conduct an in‐depth exploratory analysis of breastfeeding outcomes in Australian women affected by key maternal metabolic conditions.Material and MethodsData from 12 920 pregnancies to 5605 women from the 1973–1978 birth cohort of the ALSWH were examined. Univariable and multivariable regression using generalized estimating equation models were applied to assess breastfeeding initiation and duration (outcome measures) in relation to key self‐reported maternal metabolic diagnoses (pre‐gestational type 1 and type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and polycystic ovary syndrome; main explanatory variables). Key sociodemographic and clinical covariates were also considered.ResultsResults showed no significant association between specific maternal metabolic diagnoses (pre‐gestational or gestational diabetes, or polycystic ovary syndrome) and breastfeeding outcomes. However, maternal body mass index emerged as a key predictor of suboptimal breastfeeding outcomes. Pregnancies affected by maternal obesity were associated with a 2.1‐fold increase in the odds of not initiating breastfeeding, after adjusting for other key variables (95% CI 1.67 to 2.60, p < 0.01). Maternal overweight and obesity were, respectively, associated with an adjusted 1.4‐fold (95% CI 1.20 to 1.55, p < 0.01) and 1.8‐fold increase (95% CI 1.60 to 2.10, p < 0.01) in the odds of a breastfeeding duration less than 6 months.ConclusionsMaternal obesity, rather than any specific maternal metabolic condition, appears to be a key predictor of breastfeeding outcomes in Australian women.
Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of benralizumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: Phase III, randomized, placebo‐controlled OSTRO trial
Authors: Emson Claire , Han Joseph K. , Hopkins Claire , Asimus Sara , Cann Jennifer A. , Chain David , Wu Yuling , Reddy Yasa , McCrae Christopher , Cohen David , Kreindler James L. , Werkström Viktoria , Jison Maria , Wagenmann Martin , Bachert Claus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsBenralizumab, a humanized, afucosylated monoclonal antibody against the interleukin 5 receptor, α subunit, causes rapid depletion of eosinophils by antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity. We investigated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of benralizumab in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) from the phase III OSTRO trial.MethodsPatients received a placebo or 30 mg of benralizumab by subcutaneous injection every 8 weeks (first three doses every 4 weeks) to week 48; a subset of patients continued in an extended follow‐up period to assess treatment durability to week 80. Serum benralizumab concentrations and blood eosinophil and basophil counts were assessed to week 80. Biomarker assessments were performed on nasal polyp tissue biopsies at week 56 and nasal lining fluid at weeks 24 and 56 to examine changes in immune cells and inflammatory mediators.ResultsAmong 185 patients in this analysis, 93 received benralizumab. Serum benralizumab concentrations reached a steady state by week 24 (median concentration 385.52 ng mL−1); blood eosinophils were almost fully depleted and blood basophils were reduced between weeks 16 and 56. Nasal polyp tissue eosinophils decreased with benralizumab from 57.6 cells mm−2 at baseline to 0 cells mm−2 at week 56 (P < .001 vs placebo), and tissue mast cells were numerically reduced. In nasal lining fluid, eosinophil‐derived neurotoxin was significantly reduced at weeks 24 and 56 (P < .001) and interleukin‐17 at week 56 (P < .05) with benralizumab.ConclusionBenralizumab treatment led to rapid, sustained, nearly complete depletion of eosinophils from blood and nasal polyp tissue in patients with CRSwNP.
Efficacy and safety of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in elderly patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Li , Xu Chunhua , Wang Wei , Zhang Qian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in treatment of elderly patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsPatients with advanced NSCLC ≥70 years old who received PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to age, the patient were stratified as follows: 70–75 years old, 76–80 years old, and >80 years old. Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival analysis, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the correlation between different clinical characteristics and survival.ResultsA total of 58 elderly patients with advanced non‐small cell cancer were enrolled in this study. Patients aged 70–75, 76–80, and >80 years old were 32, 19, and 7, respectively. For the all, median OS was 17.0 months, and PFS was 7.0 months. PFS and OS did not differ according to age (P = 0.396, 0.054, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that PS of 0–1, stage III, first‐line therapy and irAEs were associated with longer PFS, and PS of 0–1, stage III, and first‐line therapy were associated with longer OS. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with stage III had longer PFS. PFS and OS of patients with PS ≥ 2 were significantly shorter than those of patients with PS of 0–1.ConclusionsIn the present real‐world retrospective cohort, PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors are effective and well tolerated in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC. Immunotherapy should be actively used as early as possible in older patients advanced NSCLC.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and reno‐protection: What's the evidence & where do they fit? A guide for non‐specialists
Authors: Bakris George 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe role of aldosterone has yet to be well appreciated in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Two variables define CKD: an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and a spot urine albumin‐creatinine ratio of >30 mg/g. Both are needed for an accurate diagnosis. The presence of CKD at this level is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular death and a greater risk of CKD progression to kidney failure and subsequent dialysis. This paper presents an overview of aldosterone's importance in CKD and its contribution to the inflammatory processes involved in CKD development. Data on outcomes, both surrogate and hard, related to outcomes on CKD progression will also be discussed in the context of mineralocorticoid blockade. Based on recent epidemiological data as well as data examining markers of diabetic kidney disease progression, it is clear that use of both renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors and aldosterone receptor antagonists have a significant role in altering the natural history of kidney disease progression itself, as well as reducing the risk of cardiovascular events that generally accompany long‐standing kidney disease. This paper will discuss these issues and the management of consequent hyperkalaemia when both steroidal and non‐steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are used in detail.
How to lie to God: Kant's Thomistic turn
Authors: Sorensen Roy , Proops Ian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor most of his career, Kant accepts Augustine's requirement that lying requires an intention to deceive. However, he eventually converts to Aquinas, following him in rejecting this requirement in favor of Aristotle's teleological conception of lying. This change of view amounts to an improvement, for it makes room for the possibility of lying to an omniscient being—and such lies, we argue, are indeed possible. We accompany these historical and philosophical theses with a biographical thesis taking the form of the following story. Kant believed that in his youth he had lied to God, largely because of his religious training. He adopted policies designed to help him resist the habit of lying to God. However, this program conflicted with his desire to lead a well‐rounded life as a public intellectual. This worldly ambition led him to forego the Quaker solution to the problem of lying to God: refuse to swear any oath to God, avoid set prayers and hymns, decline offers of intercession by clergy. Kant's worldly compromise served him well, but as he entered his twilight years, he came to worry that his only surviving argument for theism—the moral argument—might constitute a relapse into the vice of lying to God.
Living fast, dying young: Anthropogenic habitat modification influences the fitness and life history traits of a cooperative breeder
Authors: Alamán Alejandro , Casas Enrique , Arbelo Manuel , Keynan Oded , Koren Lee 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic habitat modification can indirectly effect reproduction and survival in social species by changing the group structure and social interactions. We assessed the impact of habitat modification on the fitness and life history traits of a cooperative breeder, the Arabian babbler (Argya squamiceps). We collected spatial, reproductive and social data on 572 individuals belonging to 21 social groups over 6 years and combined it with remote sensing to characterize group territories in an arid landscape. In modified resource‐rich habitats, groups bred more and had greater productivity, but individuals lived shorter lives than in natural habitats. Habitat modification favoured a faster pace‐of‐life with lower dispersal and dominance acquisition ages, which might be driven by higher mortality providing opportunities for the dominant breeding positions. Thus, habitat modification might indirectly impact fitness through changes in social structures. This study shows that trade‐offs in novel anthropogenic opportunities might offset survival costs by increased productivity.
Pathogenic MTOR somatic variant causing focal cortical dysplasia drives hyperexcitability via overactivation of neuronal GluN2C N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors
Authors: Pineau Louison , Buhler Emmanuelle , Tarhini Sarah , Bauer Sylvian , Crepel Valérie , Watrin Françoise , Cardoso Carlos , Represa Alfonso , Szepetowski Pierre , Burnashev Nail 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveGenetic variations in proteins of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway cause a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders often associated with brain malformations and with intractable epilepsy. The mTORopathies are characterized by hyperactive mTOR pathway and comprise tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type II. How hyperactive mTOR translates into abnormal neuronal activity and hypersynchronous network remains to be better understood. Previously, the role of upregulated GluN2C‐containing glutamate‐gated N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) has been demonstrated for germline defects in the TSC genes. Here, we questioned whether this mechanism would expand to other mTORopathies in the different context of a somatic genetic variation of the MTOR protein recurrently found in FCD type II.MethodsWe used a rat model of FCD created by in utero electroporation of neural progenitors of dorsal telencephalon with expression vectors encoding either the wild‐type or the pathogenic MTOR variant (p.S2215F). In this mosaic configuration, patch‐clamp whole‐cell recordings of the electroporated, spiny stellate neurons and extracellular recordings of the electroporated areas were performed in neocortical slices. Selective inhibitors were used to target mTOR activity and GluN2C‐mediated currents.ResultsNeurons expressing the mutant protein displayed an excessive activation of GluN2C NMDAR‐mediated spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents. GluN2C‐dependent increase in spontaneous spiking activity was detected in the area of electroporated neurons in the mutant condition and was restricted to a critical time window between postnatal days P9 and P20.SignificanceSomatic MTOR pathogenic variant recurrently found in FCD type II resulted in overactivation of GluN2C‐mediated neuronal NMDARs in neocortices of rat pups. The related and time‐restricted local hyperexcitability was sensitive to subunit GluN2C‐specific blockade. Our study suggests that GluN2C‐related pathomechanisms might be shared in common by mTOR‐related brain disorders.
Helicobacter pylori infection associated with an increased incidence of cholelithiasis: A retrospective real‐world cohort study of 50 832 patients
Authors: Loosen Sven H , Killer Alexander , Luedde Tom , Roderburg Christoph , Kostev Karel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a bacterial disease of the stomach that has been associated with an increased incidence of cholelithiasis. While the updated German guideline emphasizes the relevance of H. pylori as a pathogen and recommends eradication therapy, systematic data on the association between H. pylori infection, its eradication, and the subsequent diagnosis of cholelithiasis in Germany are missing.MethodsA total of 25 416 patients with and 25 416 propensity score‐matched individuals without H. pylori infection were identified from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA) between 2005 and 2021. A subsequent diagnosis of cholelithiasis was analyzed as a function of H. pylori infection as well as its eradication using Cox regression models.ResultsAfter 10 years of follow‐up, 8.0% versus 5.8% of patients with and without H. pylori infection were diagnosed with cholelithiasis (P < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed a significant association between H. pylori infection and cholelithiasis (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33–1.58), which was stronger in men (HR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.41–1.90) than in women (HR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.22–1.52). In terms of eradication therapy, both an eradicated H. pylori infection (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.31–1.67) and a non‐eradicated H. pylori infection (HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.25–1.60) were associated with a subsequent diagnosis of cholelithiasis.ConclusionThe present study reveals a strong association between H. pylori infection and a subsequent diagnosis of cholelithiasis in a large real‐world cohort from Germany. Eradication therapy was not associated with a reduced incidence of cholelithiasis in our cohort.
Governing Corporations in National and Transnational Spaces: Cross‐Level Governmental Orchestration of Corporate Social Responsibility in South Korea
Authors: Shin Hyemi , Gond Jean‐Pascal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe loose spatial and temporal coordination of national and transnational governmental corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies enables multinational corporations (MNCs) to externalize irresponsible behaviours. Political CSR (PCSR) and ‘government and CSR’ studies show how governmental authority shapes CSR at the domestic and transnational levels but provide only limited insights into how to govern MNCs across levels and over time. Combining the concept of orchestration with insights from power transition theory, we theorize cross‐level governmental orchestration as power‐imbued, dynamic, and involving multiple modes of orchestration. Through an analysis of how the South Korean state has deployed CSR domestic and transnational strategies over 30 years, we induce three configurations of cross‐level governmental orchestration, blending coercive, directive, delegative and facilitative modes of orchestration, and identify the mechanisms behind Korea's transition from one configuration to another. Our results: (1) contribute to PCSR and ‘government and CSR’ studies by conceptualizing a systemic and dynamic view of cross‐level orchestration of governmental CSR strategies; (2) advance transnational governance studies by consolidating orchestration theories and considering coercive power, and (3) add to power transition theory by explaining how regulatory capacity‐building enables shifts of cross‐level orchestration configurations.
Religious Fundamentalism and Perception of Group Norms as Predictors of Radical Action Intention
Authors: Besta Tomasz , Jaśkiewicz Michał , Pastwa‐Wojciechowska Beata , Piotrowski Andrzej , Szulc Marcin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe aimed at exploring the interplay between fundamentalism and perception of group norms in predicting willingness to join radical group actions. We conducted three studies in two countries to examine the relationship between religious fundamentalism (RF), general religiosity, and support for radical actions on behalf of various social movements. Three studies (N1 = 305, N2 = 251, and N3 = 137) show positive relation between religious fundamentalism and willingness to engage in radical action in favor of the right‐wing and antivaccine movements. The significant interaction between RF and perception of group norms has also been found: RF was linked to radical action intention at the high level of radical group norms’ perception. We discussed possible explanations of these results and future avenues for research.
CRWN nuclear lamina components maintain the H3K27me3 landscape and promote successful reproduction in Arabidopsis
Authors: Choi Junsik , Gehring Mary 
Published: May 2024

Summary

Arabidopsis lamin analogs CROWDED NUCLEIs (CRWNs) are necessary to maintain nuclear structure, genome function, and proper plant growth. However, whether and how CRWNs impact reproduction and genome‐wide epigenetic modifications is unknown. Here, we investigate the role of CRWNs during the development of gametophytes, seeds, and endosperm, using genomic and epigenomic profiling methods.

We observed defects in crwn mutant seeds including seed abortion and reduced germination rate. Quadruple crwn null genotypes were rarely transmitted through gametophytes. Because defects in seeds often stem from abnormal endosperm development, we focused on crwn1 crwn2 (crwn1/2) endosperm. These mutant seeds exhibited enlarged chalazal endosperm cysts and increased expression of stress‐related genes and the MADS‐box transcription factor PHERES1 and its targets.

Previously, it was shown that PHERES1 expression is regulated by H3K27me3 and that CRWN1 interacts with the PRC2 interactor PWO1. Thus, we tested whether crwn1/2 alters H3K27me3 patterns. We observed a mild loss of H3K27me3 at several hundred loci, which differed between endosperm and leaves.

These data indicate that CRWNs are necessary to maintain the H3K27me3 landscape, with tissue‐specific chromatin and transcriptional consequences.
Does Focal Kyphotic Deformity at Non‐responsible Levels Affect the Outcomes of Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion?
Authors: Liu Jia , Tan Jian , Wang Haotian , Tan Yixuan , Qi Junqiang , Chen Rukun , Huang Jian , Zhu Chao , Tan Junming , Yuan Wen , Shi Changgui , Xu Guohua 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveFocal cervical kyphotic deformity (FCK) without neurologic compression is not uncommon in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) who underwent anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) surgery. It remains unclear whether FCK at non‐responsible levels needs to be treated simultaneously. This study aims to investigate whether FCK at non‐responsible levels is the prognostic factor for CSM and elucidate the surgical indication for FCK.MethodsPatients with CSM who underwent ACDF between January 2016 and April 2021 were included. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of FCK and two classifications according to global cervical sagittal alignment. Clinical outcomes were compared using Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores and recovery rate (RR) of neurologic function. Univariate and multivariate analysis based on RR assessed the relationship between various possible prognostic factors and clinical outcomes. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine the optimal cutoff value of the focal Cobb angle to predict poor clinical outcomes.ResultsA total of 94 patients were included, 41 with FCK and 53 without. Overall, the RR of neurologic function was significantly lower in the FCK than in the non‐FCK group. Further analysis showed that the RR difference between the two groups was only observed in hypo‐lordosis classification (kyphotic and sigmoid alignment), but not in the lordosis classification. Multivariate analysis showed that the preoperative focal Cobb angle in the FCK level (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.18–0.97) was independently associated with clinical outcomes in the hypo‐lordosis classification. The optimal cutoff point of the preoperative focal kyphotic Cobb angle was calculated at 4.05°.ConclusionFor CSM with hypo‐lordosis, FCK was a risk factor for poor postoperative outcomes. Surgeons may consider treating the FCK simultaneously if the focal kyphotic Cobb angle of FCK is greater than 4.05° and is accompanied by cervical global kyphotic or sigmoid deformity.