bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social setting interacts with hyper dopamine to boost the stimulant effect of ethanol
Authors: Murillo Gonzalez Dilean J. , Hernandez Granados Bryan A. , Sabandal Paul Rafael , Han Kyung‐An 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlcohol consumption occurring in a social or solitary setting often yields different behavioural responses in human subjects. For example, social drinking is associated with positive effects while solitary drinking is linked to negative effects. However, the neurobiological mechanism by which the social environment during alcohol intake impacts on behavioural responses remains poorly understood. We investigated whether distinct social environments affect behavioural responses to ethanol and the role of the dopamine system in this phenomenon in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The wild‐type Canton‐S (CS) flies showed higher locomotor response when exposed to ethanol in a group setting than a solitary setting, and there was no difference in females and males. Dopamine signalling is crucial for the locomotor stimulating effect of ethanol. When subjected to ethanol exposure alone, the dopamine transport mutant flies fumin (fmn) with hyper dopamine displayed the locomotor response similar to CS. When subjected to ethanol in a group setting, however, the fmn's response to the locomotor stimulating effect was substantially augmented compared with CS, indicating synergistic interaction of dopamine signalling and social setting. To identify the dopamine signalling pathway important for the social effect, we examined the flies defective in individual dopamine receptors and found that the D1 receptor dDA1/Dop1R1 is the major receptor mediating the social effect. Taken together, this study underscores the influence of social context on the neural and behavioural responses to ethanol.
Prevalence and risk factors for milk allergy overdiagnosis in the BEEP trial cohort
Authors: Allen Hilary I. , Wing Olivia , Milkova Dara , Jackson Emilia , Li Karen , Bradshaw Lucy E. , Wyatt Laura , Haines Rachel , Santer Miriam , Murphy Andrew W. , Brown Sara J. , Kelleher Maeve , Perkin Michael R. , Jay Nicola , Smith Timothy D. H. , Moriarty Frank , Montgomery Alan A. , Williams Hywel C. , Boyle Robert J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundCow's milk allergy (CMA) overdiagnosis in young children appears to be increasing and has not been well characterised. We used a clinical trial population to characterise CMA overdiagnosis and identify individual‐level and primary care practice‐level risk factors.MethodsWe analysed data from 1394 children born in England in 2014–2016 (BEEP trial, ISRCTN21528841). Participants underwent formal CMA diagnosis at ≤2 years. CMA overdiagnosis was defined in three separate ways: parent‐reported milk reaction; primary care record of milk hypersensitivity symptoms; and primary care record of low‐allergy formula prescription.ResultsCMA was formally diagnosed in 19 (1.4%) participants. CMA overdiagnosis was common: 16.1% had parent‐reported cow's milk hypersensitivity, 11.3% primary care recorded milk hypersensitivity and 8.7% had low‐allergy formula prescription. Symptoms attributed to cow's milk hypersensitivity in participants without CMA were commonly gastrointestinal and reported from a median age of 49 days. Low‐allergy formula prescriptions in participants without CMA lasted a median of 10 months (interquartile range 1, 16); the estimated volume consumed was a median of 272 litres (26, 448). Risk factors for CMA overdiagnosis were high practice‐based low‐allergy formula prescribing in the previous year and maternal report of antibiotic prescription during pregnancy. Exclusive formula feeding from birth was associated with increased low‐allergy formula prescription. There was no evidence that practice prescribing of paediatric adrenaline auto‐injectors or anti‐reflux medications, or maternal features such as anxiety, age, parity and socioeconomic status were associated with CMA overdiagnosis.ConclusionCMA overdiagnosis is common in early infancy. Risk factors include high primary care practice‐based low‐allergy formula prescribing and maternal report of antibiotic prescription during pregnancy.
Exposure to lidocaine in early life does not cause negative long‐term behavioural changes in mice
Authors: Buratovic Sonja , Philippot Gaetan , Stenerlöw Bo , Lönnqvist Per‐Arne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe local anaesthetic lidocaine is widely used in the neonatal intensive unit to treat seizures in premature babies. However, other antiepileptics administered during early development in various animal models have shown negative long‐term behavioural effects. Since no long‐term behavioural data so far exist regarding lidocaine exposure at an early age, we decided to perform this extended follow‐up study using a sensitive behavioural test.MethodsNeonatal mice received a subcutaneous administration of saline or one dose of lidocaine (0.5, 4, or 12 mg kg−1) on postnatal day 10 (P10; peak of the Brain Growth Spurt). A well‐established test to detect long‐term behavioural alterations was conducted at 2 and 6 months of age, corresponding to early and late adulthood in humans.ResultsAll animal survived to later testing. No signs of acute toxicity were observed. Lidocaine exposure did not result in any negative behavioural effects during habituation to a new home environment at any of the two studied time points, compared to saline placebo.ConclusionsLidocaine does not by itself produce any negative long‐term behavioural effects in mice exposed in early life (P10) despite long‐term follow‐up. This is reassuring regarding the current practice of treating seizures in premature babies with intravenous lidocaine.
Targeting PAK1 is effective against cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in a syngenic mouse model
Authors: Okumura Kazuhiro , Morinaga Takao , Saito Megumi , Tokunaga Yurika , Otoyama Keisuke , Tanaka Sora , Isogai Eriko , Kawazu Masahito , Togashi Yosuke , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Wakabayashi Yuichi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBy taking advantage of forward genetic analysis in mice, we have demonstrated that Pak1 plays a crucial role during DMBA/TPA skin carcinogenesis. Although Pak1 has been considered to promote cancer development, its overall function remains poorly understood. To clarify the functional significance of Pak1 in detail, we sought to evaluate the possible effect of an allosteric inhibitor against PAK1 (NVS‐PAK1‐1) on a syngeneic mouse model. To this end, we established two cell lines, 9AS1 and 19AS1, derived from DMBA/TPA‐induced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that engrafted in FVB mice. Based on our present results, NVS‐PAK1‐1 treatment significantly inhibited the growth of tumors derived from 9AS1 and 19AS1 cells in vitro and in vivo. RNA‐sequencing analysis on the engrafted tumors indicates that NVS‐PAK1‐1 markedly potentiates the epidermal cell differentiation and enhances the immune response in the engrafted tumors. Consistent with these observations, we found an expansion of Pan‐keratin‐positive regions and potentially elevated infiltration of CD8‐positive immune cells in NVS‐PAK1‐1‐treated tumors as examined by immunohistochemical analyses. Together, our present findings strongly suggest that PAK1 is tightly linked to the development of SCC, and that its inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy against SCC.
Pharmacogenetic testing in primary care could bolster depression treatment: A value proposition
Authors: Sperber Nina R. , Roberts Megan C. , Gonzales Sarah , Bendz Lisa M. , Cragun Deborah , Haga Susanne B. , Wu R. Ryanne , Omeogu Chioma , Kaufman Brystana , Petry Natasha J. , Ramsey Laura B. , Uber Ryley 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPharmacogenetic testing could reduce the time to identify a safe and effective medication for depression; however, it is underutilized in practice. Major depression constitutes the most common mental disorder in the US, and while antidepressant therapy can help, the current trial –and error approach can require patients to endure multiple medication trials before finding one that is effective. Tailoring the fit of pharmacogenetic testing with prescribers' needs across a variety of settings could help to establish a generalizable value proposition to improve likelihood of adoption. We conducted a study to explore the value proposition for health systems using pharmacogenetic testing for mental health medications through prescribers' real‐world experiences using implementation science concepts and systematic interviews with prescribers and administrators from four health care systems. To identify a value proposition, we organized the themes according to the Triple Aim framework, a leading framework for health care policy which asserts that high‐value care should focus on three key metrics: (1) better health care quality and (2) population‐level outcomes with (3) reduced per capita costs. Primary care providers whom we interviewed said that they value pharmacogenetic testing because it would provide more information about medications that they can prescribe, expanding their ability to identify medications that best‐fit patients and reducing their reliance on referrals to specialists; they said that this capacity would help meet patients' needs for access to mental health care through primary care. At the same time, prescribers expressed differing views about how pharmacogenetic testing can help with quality of care and whether their views about out‐of‐pocket cost would prevent them from offering it. Thus, implementation should focus on integrating pharmacogenetic testing into primary care and using strategies to support prescribers' interactions with patients.
Association between low cognitive performance and diabetes‐related health indicators across racial and ethnic groups in adults with diabetes
Authors: Li Piaopiao , Alkhuzam Khalid , Brown Joshua , Zhang Yichen , Jiao Tianze , Guo Jingchuan , Umpierrez Guillermo E. , Narayan K. M. Venkat , Kulshreshtha Ambar , Pasquel Francisco J. , Ali Mohammed K. , Shao Hui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo examine the associations between low cognitive performance (LCP) and diabetes‐related health indicators (including body mass index [BMI], HbA1c, systolic blood pressure [SBP], low‐density lipoprotein [LDL] and self‐reported poor physical health) and whether these associations vary across racial/ethnic subgroups.MethodsWe identified adults aged 60 years or older with self‐reported diabetes from the 2011‐2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Individuals with cognitive test scores in the lowest quartile were defined as having LCP. We used regression models to measure the associations of LCP with diabetes‐related biometrics (BMI, HbA1c, SBP and LDL); and self‐reported poor physical health. Moreover, we explored potential variations in these associations across racial/ethnic subgroups.ResultsOf 873 (261 with LCP) adults with diabetes, LCP was associated with higher HbA1c, SBP and LDL (adjusted difference: 0.41%, 5.01 mmHg and 5.08 mg/dL, respectively; P < .05), and greater odds of reporting poor physical health (adjusted odds ratio: 1.59, P < .05). The association between LCP and HbA1c was consistent across racial/ethnic groups, and notably pronounced in Hispanic and Other. BMI worsened with LCP, except for non‐Hispanic Black. Excluding the Other group, elevated SBP was observed in people with LCP, with Hispanic showing the most significant association. LDL levels were elevated with LCP for Hispanic and Other. Physical health worsened with LCP for both non‐Hispanic Black and Hispanic.ConclusionsWe quantified the association between LCP and diabetes‐related health indicators. These associations were more pronounced in Hispanic and Other racial/ethnic groups.
Global pattern of organic carbon pools in forest soils
Authors: Zhang Yuxue , Guo Xiaowei , Chen Longxue , Kuzyakov Yakov , Wang Ruzhen , Zhang Haiyang , Han Xingguo , Jiang Yong , Sun Osbert Jianxin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in forests is vital to ecosystem carbon budgeting and helps gain insight in the functioning and sustainable management of world forests. An explicit knowledge of the mechanisms driving global SOC sequestration in forests is still lacking because of the complex interplays between climate, soil, and forest type in influencing SOC pool size and stability. Based on a synthesis of 1179 observations from 292 studies across global forests, we quantified the relative importance of climate, soil property, and forest type on total SOC content and the specific contents of physical (particulate vs. mineral‐associated SOC) and chemical (labile vs. recalcitrant SOC) pools in upper 10 cm mineral soils, as well as SOC stock in the O horizons. The variability in the total SOC content of the mineral soils was better explained by climate (47%–60%) and soil factors (26%–50%) than by NPP (10%–20%). The total SOC content and contents of particulate (POC) and recalcitrant SOC (ROC) of the mineral soils all decreased with increasing mean annual temperature because SOC decomposition overrides the C replenishment under warmer climate. The content of mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC) was influenced by temperature, which directly affected microbial activity. Additionally, the presence of clay and iron oxides physically protected SOC by forming MAOC. The SOC stock in the O horizons was larger in the temperate zone and Mediterranean regions than in the boreal and sub/tropical zones. Mixed forests had 64% larger SOC pools than either broadleaf or coniferous forests, because of (i) higher productivity and (ii) litter input from different tree species resulting in diversification of molecular composition of SOC and microbial community. While climate, soil, and forest type jointly determine the formation and stability of SOC, climate predominantly controls the global patterns of SOC pools in forest ecosystems.
Working with ideas: Collective bricolage, political tests and the emergence of policy paradigms
Authors: Carstensen Martin B. , Röper Nils 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLiteratures on institutional, ideational and policy change have made great strides in dynamically conceptualizing agency within structure. What continues to be insufficiently understood, however, is how actors actually work with ideas, that is, how broad policy ideas become concrete and implementable. One concept that has gained some traction in understanding actors' application of ideas is bricolage, understood as the stabilization or changing of institutions through a creative recombination of existing ideational and institutional resources. We theorize bricolage as a process of working with ideas by testing their cognitive, normative and strategic capacity. In contrast to much of the existing literature, we theorize this ideational policy entrepreneurship as collective agency. This gives greater analytical weight to how different bricoleurs work together—simultaneously and across time—to develop the ideas that come to shape policy. The empirical relevance of the theoretical argument is corroborated with an analysis of the work of bricoleurs in the paradigm shift of German pension policy.
Glial activation in pain and emotional processing regions in the nitroglycerin mouse model of chronic migraine
Authors: Cropper Haley C. , Conway Catherine M. , Wyche Whitney , Pradhan Amynah A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveOur aim was to survey astrocyte and microglial activation across four brain regions in a mouse model of chronic migraine.BackgroundChronic migraine is a leading cause of disability, with higher rates in females. The role of central nervous system neurons and glia in migraine pathophysiology is not fully elucidated. Preclinical studies have shown abnormal glial activation in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis of male rodents. No current reports have investigated glial activation in both sexes in other important brain regions involved with the nociceptive and emotional processing of pain.MethodsThe mouse nitroglycerin model of migraine was used, and nitroglycerin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered every other day for 9 days. Prior to injections on days 1, 5, and 9, cephalic allodynia was determined by periorbital von Frey hair testing. Immunofluorescent staining of astrocyte marker, glial fibrillary protein (GFAP), and microglial marker, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), in male and female trigeminal nucleus caudalis, periaqueductal gray, somatosensory cortex, and nucleus accumbens was completed.ResultsBehavioral testing demonstrated increased cephalic allodynia in nitroglycerin‐ versus vehicle‐treated mice. An increase in the percent area covered by GFAP+ cells in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and nucleus accumbens, but not the periaqueductal gray or somatosensory cortex, was observed in response to nitroglycerin. No significant differences were observed for Iba1 staining across brain regions. We did not detect significant sex differences in GFAP or Iba1 quantification.ConclusionsImmunohistochemical analysis suggests that, at the time point tested, immunoreactivity of GFAP+ astrocytes, but not Iba1+ microglia, changes in response to chronic migraine‐associated pain. Additionally, there do not appear to be significant differences between males and females in GFAP+ or Iba1+ cells across the four brain regions analyzed.
Structural and functional properties of fava bean legumin and vicilin protein fractions
Authors: Oluwajuyitan Timilehin D. , Aluko Rotimi E. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIn this study, we examined the physicochemical and functional properties of fava bean globulin fractions that are rich in legumin or vicilin proteins. The sulphur containing amino acids, branched chain amino acids, and arginine/lysine ratio obtained for legumin (1.89%, 18.32%, and 1.43%) are significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the 1.24%, 17.94%, and 1.05%, respectively, for the vicilin fraction. SDS‐PAGE results show that the legumin fraction had a wider range of polypeptide sizes (approximately 14–140 kDa) when compared to the approximately 12–68 kDa for vicilin. The surface hydrophobicity (So) of legumin (86.07) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared with vicilin (118.19). The legumin had higher protein solubility (approximately 40–50%) than the vicilin (0%) at pH 3 and 4, but vicilin solubility was higher at pH 6–8. The vicilin had higher (83.58%) in vitro protein digestibility than the legumin (78.24%). However, the legumin had higher oil‐holding capacity, lower least gelation concentration, and formed emulsions at pH 3, 7, and 9 with smaller mean oil droplet sizes than the vicilin. Foam formation was better with increased levels of α‐helix secondary structure. We conclude that pH of the environment was a stronger determinant of protein functionality than the sample protein concentration.
Textural characterisation of wheat–oat breads using a combination of quantitative descriptive analysis and partial napping profiling techniques
Authors: Rashed Mahmoud Said , Pathania Shivani , Gallagher Eimear , Frias Jesus M , McDonagh Ciara , Crofton Emily 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the textural sensory profile of wheat breads developed using oat flour at different substitution levels (10%, 30%, and 50%) and particle sizes (<224, 250–280, 280–500, 500–600 μm). A trained descriptive panel evaluated the wheat–oat breads using quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) (n = 8) and partial napping (PN) (n = 12) sensory techniques. The QDA results showed that the textural properties of the breads were significantly affected by oat flour at different substitution and particle size levels (P < 0.001). The attributes crumb ‘denseness’ and ‘stickiness’ discriminated most frequently across samples, while crumb ‘chewiness’ and ‘dryness’ discriminated the least. Principal component analysis (PCA) illustrated that in PC1 (59%) crumb ‘denseness’ was positively correlated with crumb ‘hardness’ and ‘graininess’, while ‘stickiness’ was negatively correlated with crumb ‘graininess’. The application of clustering techniques on QDA data showed that breads with 10% oat flour were differentiated based on particle size; however, as the substitution level of oat flour increased, the substitution level of oat flour used in formulations exceeded the effect of particle size. In terms of PN, panellists identified four distinct groups of wheat–oat breads, indicating that wheat breads with 10% oat flour and <224 μm, 280–500 μm and whole oat flour had similar textural properties to the control wheat bread sample. The texture of wheat breads substituted with 50% oat flour were very different to the control. The results of this study suggest that in addition to the effect of substitution level, fractionation of oat flour may have application in the production of wheat bread formulations with different textural profiles. The findings also emphasise the importance of considering clustering techniques when evaluating complex samples for new product development applications.
Preparation, pungency, and bioactivity of capsaicin: a review
Authors: Zhang Qiuyan , Huang Sirong , Soladoye Olugbenga P. , Zhang Yuhao , Fu Yu 
Published: June 2024

SummaryCapsaicin is the main pungent compound in red pepper responsible for its dual attributes of culinary utility and bioactive efficacy. This review aims to systematically review the preparation methods, pungency, and bioactivities of capsaicin. Capsaicin can be extracted by maceration, microwave, near‐infrared extraction, supercritical fluid, and ultrasound‐assisted extraction methods. Also, it can be synthesised through chemical, biosynthetic, and in vitro cell methods. Capsaicin can elicit a pungent sensation via activation of TRPV1 receptor. Furthermore, it has been reported to display various bioactivities, such as hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, analgesic, anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory, and intestinal health‐protecting activities via several signalling pathways. Overall, this review can provide a theoretical reference for understanding the preparation, pungent sensation, and bioactivities of capsaicin.
Advantages and disadvantages of autochthonous enterococci strains for their potential use in cheese ripening: a preliminary study
Authors: Abarquero Daniel , Flórez Ana Belén , Tornadijo María Eugenia , Fresno José María 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe enzymatic activity exhibited by native enterococci could, in turn, result in a reduction in the cheese ripening time. However, they may also carry virulence factors or resistance to antibiotics that prevent their use in food. A total of 69 enterococci isolates were obtained from a Spanish traditional raw goat's milk cheese and identified by Maldi‐Tof/MS. Different enzymatic activities of technological interest were evaluated and the safety of those with greater technological suitability was studied. The strains were identified as E. malodoratus, E. italicus, E. gilvus, E. faecium, E. durans, E. casseliflavus and E. faecalis. Some strains had very high acidifying and proteolytic activities. Most strains had medium or low amino and carboxypeptidase activities and high dipeptidase activities, while esterase activities were medium. A total of 10 strains were selected based on their enzymatic activities. Of these, five showed β‐haemolysin activity, eight showed gelatinase activity and eight produced tyramine. These activities represent virulence factors that could potentially affect food safety. Finally, all selected strains were susceptible to the antibiotics tested.