bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk analysis for the selection of a suitable method of tunnelling for the Pummersdorf Tunnel / Risikoanalyse zur Wahl der geeigneten Vortriebsmethode für den Tunnel Pummersdorf
Authors: Bach Dietmar , Hödl Reinhold , Lemmerer Johann , Vigl Alois 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Pummersdorf Tunnel is part of the works to close the gap between St. Pölten and Loosdorf and is planned as a single‐bore, two‐track tunnel about 3.5 km long. Before the start of the design work leading to handing the project in for approval, a risk analysis was carried out regarding suitable tunnelling methods, with four variants being compared. As a result of this risk analysis, taking the current market conditions into account, a decision was made to submit two methods of tunnelling to free market competition:· Variant A: Sequential advance with two lining layers (with relief of water pressure),· Variant B: Continuous advance with an EPB shield with single‐layer segment lining (resistant to water pressure).This article describes the project as affected by the geotechnical, hydrogeological and environmental constraints as well as the specific sensitive aspects on this project. It describes the decision‐making process, which led to the selection of the two tendered variants, and briefly describes the tendered variants.Der Tunnel Pummersdorf ist Bestandteil des Lückenschlusses St. Pölten‐Loosdorf und ist als einröhriger, zweigleisiger Tunnel mit rund 3,5 km Länge geplant. Vor Beginn der Ausschreibungsplanung wurde eine Risikoanalyse betreffend geeigneter Vortriebsmethoden durchgeführt, wobei vier Varianten miteinander verglichen wurden. Als Ergebnis der Risikoanalyse wurde unter Berücksichtigung von derzeitigen Marktverhältnissen die Entscheidung getroffen, zwei Vortriebsmethoden dem freien Wettbewerb zu stellen:· Variante A: Zyklischer Vortrieb mit zweischaligem Ausbau (druckwasserentlastend),· Variante B: Kontinuierlicher Vortrieb mit EPB‐Schild mit einschaligem Tübbingausbau (druckwasserhaltend).Im vorliegenden Bericht wird das Projekt im Rahmen der geotechnischen, hydrogeologischen und umfeldrelevanten Randbedingungen sowie der spezifisch sensiblen Aspekte des Projekts vorgestellt. Es wird auf die Entscheidungsfindung eingegangen, die zur Auswahl der beiden ausgeschriebenen Varianten geführt hat, und die ausgeschriebenen Varianten werden in ihren Grundzügen vorgestellt.
Characteristics and potential of the NATM, ADECO‐RS and mechanised methods of tunnelling / Charakteristika und Potenziale der Tunnelbaumethoden NÖT, ADECO‐RS und TVM
Authors: Flora Matthias , Purrer Walter , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn order to drive an underground tunnel, current technology offers plenty of methods. Only generally applicable statements can be made about the selection of a suitable method, as this depends on project‐specific conditions. In this article, three current methods of tunnelling are compared and their characteristics and potential are described in order to produce a system for the selection of the best option.Um einen bergmännischen Tunnel aufzufahren, existieren dem Stand der Technik entsprechend mehrere Methoden. Für die Auswahl der geeigneten Tunnelbaumethode kann keine allgemeingültige Aussage getroffen werden, da diese von den projektspezifischen Gegebenheiten abhängt. In diesem Beitrag werden drei gängige Tunnelbaumethoden gegenübergestellt und die Charakteristika und Potenziale aufgezeigt, um in weiterer Folge eine Auswahlsystematik zu erstellen.
Some examples for the selection of tunnelling methods / Wahl der Vortriebsmethode anhand von Beispielen
Authors: Spiegl Markus , Schneider Eckart 
Published: October 2011

AbstractToday it is necessary to systematically consider the selection of the tunnelling method at a very early stage of a project. These early considerations regarding the construction method are usually necessary because of the approval (e.g. EIA) or award regulations, or are essential for the evaluation of tenders. The quite different procedures that can be applied on individual projects are illustrated through three examples.Bereits in sehr frühen Projektphasen ist es heute notwendig, systematische Überlegungen zur Wahl der Vortriebsmethode anzustellen. Diese frühe Festlegung auf die Vortriebsmethode resultiert meist aus genehmigungsrechtlichen (z.B. UVP) oder vergaberechtlichen Gründen bzw. Angebotsbewertungszwängen. Mit welchen unterschiedlichen Herangehensweisen die projektspezifisch oft vollkommen unterschiedlichen Randbedingungen erfüllt werden können, wird exemplarisch an drei Beispielen gezeigt.
Granitztal tunnel chain – tunnelling method decision‐making process / Tunnelkette Granitztal – Entscheidungsfindung der Vortriebsmethode
Authors: Wagner Hanns , Zwittnig Gerald , Daller Josef , Fasching Alfred 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn an early planning phase for the Granitztal tunnel chain, which forms part of the Koralm railway running between Graz and Klagenfurt, Austria, the continuous tunnelling method has been taken into consideration, at least in some sections, in addition to sequential or conventional tunnelling. This paper deals with the investigations that eventually led to the decision to consider both tunnelling methods in the detailed tender design for one section of the tunnel chain, and to let competition decide which tunnelling method to choose.Für die Tunnelkette Granitztal als Bestandteil der Koralmbahn zwischen Graz und Klagenfurt wurden bereits in einer frühen Planungsphase Überlegungen angestellt, neben der zyklischen Vortriebsmethode auch einen kontinuierlichen Vortrieb – zumindest in Teilbereichen – in Erwägung zu ziehen. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit den Untersuchungen, die schließlich zur Entscheidung geführt haben, im Detailprojekt für einen Abschnitt der Tunnelkette beide Vortriebsmethoden durchzuplanen und hier die Entscheidung für die Vortriebsmethode dem Wettbewerb zu überlassen.
Flexibility in embodied lexical‐semantic representations
Authors: van Dam Wessel O. , van Dijk Margriet , Bekkering Harold , Rueschemeyer Shirley‐Ann 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAccording to an embodied view of language comprehension, language concepts are grounded in our perceptual systems. Evidence for the idea that concepts are grounded in areas involved in action and perception comes from both behavioral and neuroimaging studies (Glenberg [1997]: Behav Brain Sci 20:1‐55; Barsalou [1999]: Behav Brain Sci 22:577‐660; Pulvermueller [1999]: Behav Brain Sci 22:253‐336; Barsalou et al. [2003]: Trends Cogn Sci 7:84‐91). However, the results from several studies indicate that the activation of information in perception and action areas is not a purely automatic process (Raposo et al. [2009]: Neuropsychologia 47:388‐396; Rueschemeyer et al. [2007]: J Cogn Neurosci 19:855‐865). These findings suggest that embodied representations are flexible. In these studies, flexibility is characterized by the relative presence or absence of activation in our perceptual systems. However, even if the context in which a word is presented does not undermine a motor interpretation, it is possible that the degree to which a modality‐specific region contributes to a representation depends on the context in which conceptual features are retrieved. In the present study, we investigated this issue by presenting word stimuli for which both motor and visual properties (e.g., Tennis ball, Boxing glove) were important in constituting the concept. Conform with the idea that language representations are flexible and context dependent, we demonstrate that the degree to which a modality‐specific region contributes to a representation considerably changes as a function of context. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2322–2333, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stagnation‐point flow of Maxwell fluid with magnetic field and radiation effects
Authors: Hayat T. , Rafique Ansa , Malik M.Y. , Obaidat S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe effect of heat transfer on the steady two‐dimensional stagnation point flow of a Maxwell fluid over a stretching sheet is discussed. The fluid is electrically conducting in the presence of a uniform applied magnetic field. The radiation effect in the energy equation is taken into account. The arising nonlinear problem is solved by a homotopy analysis method (HAM). Convergence of the series solutions is checked. The values of skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number have been computed and discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20385
Shifting Native Chemical Ligation into Reverse through N→S Acyl Transfer
Authors: Macmillan Derek , Adams Anna , Premdjee Bhavesh 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPeptide thioester synthesis by N→S acyl transfer is being intensively explored by many research groups the world over. Reasons for this likely include the often straightforward method of precursor assembly using Fmoc‐based chemistry and the fundamentally interesting acyl migration process. In this review we introduce recent advances in this exciting area and discuss, in more detail, our own efforts towards the synthesis of peptide thioesters through N→S acyl transfer in native peptide sequences. We have found that several peptide thioesters can be readily prepared and, what’s more, there appears to be ample opportunity for further development and discovery.
Synthetic signal injection using a single radiofrequency channel
Authors: Marro Kenneth I. , Lee Donghoon , Shankland Eric G. , Mathis Clinton M. , Hayes Cecil E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To demonstrate that, when injecting an artificial reference signal for quantitation purposes, the real and artificial signals can be acquired separately, using a single radiofrequency (RF) channel, with no loss of fidelity. Conversion of MR signals to units of concentration can be simplified by injection of a precalibrated, artificial reference signal, or pseudo‐signal. In previous implementations, the pseudo‐signal was acquired simultaneously with the real signals arising from the sample and this requires a second, integrated RF channel.Materials and Methods:We used in vivo spectroscopy and in vitro imaging measurements to test the validity of the separate acquisition method.Results:There was very strong correlation (r = 0.94; P = 0.02) between the in vivo concentrations determined with separate and simultaneous acquisition methods. The in vitro measurements validated that the separate acquisition method compensates for differences in coil loading conditions as well as the simultaneous acquisition method.Conclusion:Separate acquisition eliminates the need for a second RF channel, which allows easier implementation at sites that have only one channel available, and relaxes the constraints on the number and amplitude of pseudo‐signals. This flexibility can be exploited to increase the signal to noise ratio of the pseudo‐signal and reduce variability when making the conversion to units of concentration. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of knee joint gaps without bone resection: “Physiologic” extension and flexion gaps in total knee arthroplasty are asymmetric and unequal and anterior and posterior cruciate ligament resections produce different gap changes
Authors: Nowakowski Andrej Maria , Majewski Martin , Müller‐Gerbl Magdalena , Valderrabano Victor 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGeneral agreement is that flexion and extension gaps should be equal and symmetrical in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures. However, comparisons using a standard TKA approach to normal knee joints that have not undergone bone resection are currently unavailable. Since bony preparation can influence capsule and ligament tension, our purpose was to perform measurements without this influence. Ten normal cadaveric knees were assessed using a standard medial parapatellar TKA approach with patellar subluxation. Gap measurements were carried out twice each alternating 100 and 200 N per compartment using a prototypical force‐determining ligament balancer without the need for bony resection. Initial measurements were performed in extension, followed by 90° of flexion. The ACL was then resected, and finally the PCL was resected, and measurements were carried out in an analogous fashion. In general, the lateral compartment could be stretched further than the medial compartment, and the corresponding flexion gap values were significantly larger. ACL resection predominantly increased extension gaps, while PCL resection increased flexion gaps. Distraction force of 100 N per compartment appeared adequate; increasing to 200 N did not improve the results. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:522–527, 2012
Point mass insertion on the real line and non‐exponential perturbation of the recursion coefficients
Authors: Wong Manwah Lilian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe present the construction of a probability measure dγ with compact support on \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {R}$\end{document} such that adding a discrete pure point results in changes in the recursion coefficients without exponential decay.
Gas phase basicities of polyfunctional molecules. Part 3: Amino acids
Authors: Bouchoux Guy 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe present article is the third part of a general overview of the gas‐phase protonation thermochemistry of polyfunctional molecules (first part: Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2007, 26:775‐835, second part: Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2011, in press). This review is devoted to the 20 proteinogenic amino acids and is divided in two parts. In the first one, the experimental data obtained during the last 30 years using the equilibrium, thermokinetic and kinetic methods are presented. A general re‐assignment of the values originating from these various experiments has been done on the basis of the commonly accepted Hunter & Lias 1998 gas‐phase basicity scale in order to provide an homogeneous set of data. In the second part, theoretical investigations on gaseous neutral and protonated amino acids are reviewed. Conformational landscapes of both types of species were examined in order to provide theoretical protonation thermochemistry based on the truly identified most stable conformers. Proton affinities computed at the presently highest levels of theory (i.e. composite methods such as Gn procedures) are presented. Estimates of thermochemical parameters calculated using a Boltzmann distribution of conformers at 298K are also included. Finally, comparison between experiment and theory is discussed and a set of evaluated proton affinities, gas‐phase basicities and protonation entropies is proposed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 31:391–435, 2012
Numerical simulations of absorption properties of InP nanowires for solar cell applications
Authors: Kailuweit Peter , Peters Marius , Leene Jack , Mergenthaler Kilian , Dimroth Frank , Bett Andreas W. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present results of optical simulations on the absorption of nanowires. The simulation was performed with rigorous coupled wave analysis to determine the potential of nanowires for use in a new kind of nanostructured solar cell. The overall absorption of the solar cell structure was calculated for four different diameters of the nanowires and also in dependence of light wavelength and nanowire period. Absorption modes were observed at distinct wavelengths, but not dependent on the wire period. To derive a local optical generation function for a nanowire solar cell, the spatially resolved absorption profile was modelled for two wire periods. The calculated generation profiles can be readily used as input for an electrical simulation of a nanowire solar cell to calculate its quantum efficiency and the current–voltage characteristics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of protein networks in resting and collagen receptor (GPVI)‐stimulated platelet sub‐proteomes
Authors: Wright Bernice , Stanley Ronald G. , Kaiser William J. , Mills Davinia J. , Gibbins Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractProteomics approaches have made important contributions to the characterisation of platelet regulatory mechanisms. A common problem encountered with this method, however, is the masking of low‐abundance (e.g. signalling) proteins in complex mixtures by highly abundant proteins. In this study, subcellular fractionation of washed human platelets either inactivated or stimulated with the glycoprotein (GP) VI collagen receptor agonist, collagen‐related peptide, reduced the complexity of the platelet proteome. The majority of proteins identified by tandem mass spectrometry are involved in signalling. The effect of GPVI stimulation on levels of specific proteins in subcellular compartments was compared and analysed using in silico quantification, and protein associations were predicted using STRING (the search tool for recurring instances of neighbouring genes/proteins). Interestingly, we observed that some proteins that were previously unidentified in platelets including teneurin‐1 and Van Gogh‐like protein 1, translocated to the membrane upon GPVI stimulation. Newly identified proteins may be involved in GPVI signalling nodes of importance for haemostasis and thrombosis.
Synthesis and postfunctionalization of well‐defined star polymers via “double” click chemistry
Authors: Boyer Cyrille , Whittaker Michael , Davis Thomas P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this article, the synthesis and the functionalization of well‐defined, narrow polydispersity (polydispersity index < 1.2) star polymers via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization is detailed. In this arm first approach, the initial synthesis of a poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) polymer, and subsequent, cross‐linking using bis‐acrylamide to prepare star polymers, has been achieved by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. These star polymers were functionalized using a variety of amino functional groups via nucleophilic substitution of pentafluorophenyl activated ester to yield star polymers with predesigned chemical functionality. This approach has allowed the synthesis of star glycopolymer using a very simple approach. Finally, the core of the stars was modified via thiol‐ene click chemistry reaction using fluorescein‐o‐acrylate and DyLigh 633 Maleimide. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Side chain crosslinking of aromatic polyethers for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications
Authors: Vöge Andrea , Deimede Valadoula A. , Kallitsis Joannis K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNovel aromatic polymers bearing polar pyridine units in the main chain and side chain crosslinkable hydroxyl and propargyl groups have been successfully synthesized. The polymers have been investigated in terms of their critical properties related to their application in high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, such as doping ability, mechanical properties, and thermal stability. Crosslinked membranes were prepared by direct crosslinking of hydroxyl side chain groups with decafluorobiphenyl used for the first time as a crosslinking agent. However, further functionalization of hydroxyl groups to the propargyl derivative has also led to crosslinked polymers after thermal curing. Both types of crosslinked membranes exhibited higher glass transition temperatures as well as lower doping levels when doped in phosphoric acid compared with the non crosslinked analogs, confirming the formation of a successfully crosslinked network. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Illuminating the early signaling pathway of a fungal light‐oxygen‐voltage photoreceptor
Authors: Peter Emanuel , Dick Bernhard , Baeurle Stephan A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCircadian clocks are molecular timekeepers encountered in a wide variety of organisms, which allow to adapt the cell's metabolism and behavior to the daily and seasonal periods. Their function is regulated by light‐sensing proteins, among which Vivid, a light‐oxygen‐voltage (LOV) sensitive domain of the fungus Neurospora crassa, constitutes one of the most prominent examples. Although the major photochemical and structural changes during the photocycle of this photosensor have been elucidated through experimental means, its signal transduction pathway is still poorly resolved at the molecular level. In this article, we show through molecular dynamics simulation that the primary steps after adduct formation involve a switch of Gln182 in vicinity of the chromophore FAD (flavin–adenine–dinucleotide), followed by a coupling between the Iβ‐ and Hβ‐strands through H‐bond formation between Gln182 and Asn161 as well as subsequent weakening of the H‐bonding interaction between the Iβ‐ and Aβ‐strands. These processes then induce a reorientation of the Aβ‐Bβ‐loop with respect to the protein core as well as a simultaneous contraction of the partially unfolded α‐helix onto the α‐Aβ‐linker at the Ncap. Finally, we demonstrate through additional dimer simulations that the light‐induced conformational changes, observed in the monomeric case, play a decisive role in controlling the dimerization tendency of Vivid with its partner domains and that the light‐state homodimer shows a much larger affinity for aggregation than the dark state. Proteins 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pressure studies on fullerene peapods
Authors: Kuntscher C. A. , Abouelsayed A. , Botos Á. , Pekker Á. , Kamarás K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe carried out pressure‐dependent transmission measurements on single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) filled with C60 molecules, so‐called C60 peapods, in the near‐infrared and visible frequency range, where the optical transitions between the Van Hove singularities of the carbon nanotubes are excited. The pressure‐induced shifts of the optical transitions exhibit an anomaly associated with the deformation of the carbon nanotubes. The results are compared with those for empty SWCNTs. Furthermore, the importance of the pressure transmitting medium used in the measurements is discussed.
Thermal diffusivity of aligned multi‐walled carbon nanotubes measured by the flash method
Authors: Mäklin Jani , Halonen Niina , Toth Géza , Sápi András , Kukovecz Ákos , Kónya Zoltán , Jantunen Heli , Mikkola Jyri‐Pekka , Kordas Krisztián 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThermal diffusivity of freestanding catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) grown multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) forests (height of 1.5 and 1.9 mm) was characterized in the temperature range between 25 and 200 °C. Copper and Al‐alloy metal blocks were used as references for validation of the experimental setup. The measurements were carried out along the MWCNT alignment direction with a thermal property analyzer that uses the flash method. The thermal diffusivities measured at room temperature for as‐grown and post‐annealed (2 h at 480 °C in open air) samples were found to be ∼0.45 and ∼0.23 cm2/s, respectively. In both cases, the thermal diffusivity values were slightly decreasing with increasing temperature. The observed decrease in diffusivity after annealing is most probably due to the loss of amorphous carbon in the specimens and also because of the increased defect density in the nanotube walls resulting in a more pronounced phonon scattering in the lattice. The measured thermal diffusivities for as‐grown samples agree with data reported elsewhere for similar MWCNT materials [W. Yi et al., Rev. B 59, 9015 (1999) and T. Borca‐Tasciuc et al., J. Appl. Phys. 98, 054309 (2005)].