bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal expression and mitochondrial localization of a Foxp2 isoform lacking the forkhead domain in developing Purkinje cells
Authors: Tanabe Yuko , Fujiwara Yuji , Matsuzaki Ayumi , Fujita Eriko , Kasahara Tadashi , Yuasa Shigeki , Momoi Takashi 
Published: October 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 72–80.AbstractFOXP2, a forkhead box‐containing transcription factor, forms homo‐ or hetero‐dimers with FOXP family members and localizes to the nucleus, while FOXP2(R553H), which contains a mutation related to speech/language disorders, features reduced DNA binding activity and both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization. In addition to being a loss‐of‐function mutation, it is possible that FOXP2(R553H) also may act as a gain‐of‐function mutation to inhibit the functions of FOXP2 isoforms including FOXP2Ex10+ lacking forkhead domain. Foxp2(R552H) knock‐in mouse pups exhibit impaired ultrasonic vocalization and poor dendritic development in Purkinje cells. However, expressions of Foxp2 isoforms in the developing Purkinje are unclear. The appearance of ‘apical cytoplasmic swelling’ (mitochondria‐rich regions that are the source of budding processes) correlates with dendritic development of Purkinje cells. In the present study, we focused on Foxp2 isoforms localizing to the apical cytoplasmic swelling and identified two isoforms lacking forkhead domain: Foxp2Ex12+ and Foxp2Ex15. They partly localized to the membrane fraction that includes mitochondria. Foxp2Ex12+ mainly localized to the apical cytoplasmic swelling in early developing Purkinje cells at the stellate stage (P2–P4). Mitochondrial localization of Foxp2Ex12+ in Purkinje cells was confirmed by immune‐electron microscopic analysis. Foxp2Ex12+ may play a role in dendritic development in Purkinje cells.
Montelukast ameliorates kidney function and urinary bladder sensitivity in experimentally induced renal dysfunction in rats
Authors: Suddek Ghada M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEffect of montelukast on the renal dysfunction induced by cisplatin was investigated. A single dose of cisplatin (7 mg/kg, i.p.) induced nephrotoxicity, which was manifested by increasing the sensitivity of isolated urinary bladder rings to acetylcholine (ACh) together with a significant elevation of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and lactate dehydrogenase. On the other hand, serum albumin was significantly decreased. Moreover, renal dysfunction was further confirmed by a significant increase in lipid peroxides that were measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) in kidney tissue homogenate. Kidney reduced glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured, which were decreased and increased, respectively. Administration of montelukast (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) 5 days before and 5 days after cisplatin injection significantly ameliorated the renotoxic effects of cisplatin, as judged by a significant reduction in the responses of isolated bladder rings to ACh. The deleterious changes induced by cisplatin treatment in kidney function parameters and oxidative stress markers were significantly mitigated by montelukast treatment. Conclusion: Montelukast may be a beneficial remedy for cisplatin‐induced renal dysfunction.
Benchmark Attainment by Maternal and Child Health Clients Across Public Health Nursing Agencies
Authors: Monsen Karen A. , Radosevich David M. , Johnson Susan C. , Farri Oladimeji , Kerr Madeleine J. , Geppert Joni S. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT Objectives: Benchmark client outcomes across public health nursing (PHN) agencies using Omaha System knowledge, behavior, and status ratings as benchmarking metrics.
Design and Sample: A descriptive, comparative study of benchmark attainment for a retrospective cohort of PHN clients (low‐income, high‐risk parents, primarily mothers) from 6 counties.
Measures: Omaha System Problem Rating Scale for Outcomes data for selected problems. Benchmark measures were defined as a rating of 4 on a scale from 1 (lowest) to 5 (highest).
Intervention: Family home visiting services to low‐income, high‐risk parents.
Results: The highest percentage of benchmark attainment was for the Postpartum problem (knowledge, 76.2%; behavior, 94.0%; status, 96.6%), and the lowest was for the Interpersonal relationship problem (knowledge, 21.7%; behavior, 69.0%; status, 40.7%). All counties showed significant increases in client knowledge benchmark attainment, and 4 of 6 counties showed significant increases from baseline in behavior and status benchmark attainment. Significant differences were found between counties in client characteristics and benchmark attainment for knowledge, behavior, and status outcomes.
Conclusions: There were consistent patterns in benchmark attainment and outcome improvement across counties and family home visiting studies. Benchmarking appears to be useful for comparison of population health status and home visiting program outcomes.
Fiber‐Matrix Compatibility in an All‐Oxide Ceramic Composite with RBAO Matrix
Authors: Goushegir Seyed M. , Guglielmi Paula O. , da Silva João G. P. , Hablitzel Murilo P. , Hotza Dachamir , Al‐Qureshi Hazim A. , Janssen Rolf 
Published: October 2011

In the present study, fiber‐matrix compatibility in an all‐oxide ceramic composite is examined. Reaction‐bonding aluminum oxide is used as porous matrix to ensure weak interfaces with fibers. Matrix cracks have been deflected around the interface for sintering temperatures up to 1300°C, due to the effectiveness of porous matrix in enabling damage tolerance. Above 1300°C, densification of the matrix resulted in brittle fracture of the samples, with matrix cracks going through the fibers. Observation of fracture surfaces confirmed the fiber pull‐out phenomenon up to processing temperatures of 1300°C. The well‐known He and Hutchinson criteria for crack deflection was used to predict debonding behavior at the fiber‐matrix interface as a function of matrix porosity. Furthermore, evaluation of the microstructure evolution of Nextel™ 610 alumina fibers showed a pronounced grain coarsening at sintering temperatures above 1300°C. Changes in crack deflection behavior and fiber microstructure of a composite sample aged for 100 h are also presented.
Strength Evolution of Injection‐Molded Ceramic Parts During Wick‐Debinding
Authors: Gorjan Lovro , Dakskobler Aleš , Kosmač Tomaž 
Published: October 2011

The mechanical properties of partially wick‐debinded, Al2O3‐based ceramic parts, prepared by low‐pressure injection molding have been investigated. These properties depend on the residual paraffin wax binder content and on the chemical nature of the binder, which changes drastically if the wick‐debinding takes place in air at a temperature above 190°C. Under these conditions, the paraffin binder undergoes a transformation, as a result of complex exothermic chemical reactions with oxygen. Part of it forms volatile products, while the remaining part cures into a nonvolatile, brown‐colored, solid substance, which resides in the wick‐debinded part and bonds the powder particles firmly together. The curing can be beneficial, as strong wick‐debinded parts with bending strengths up to 14 MPa, containing less than 2% of the residual binder, can be obtained without flaws. The strength of the partially debinded parts increases with the dwelling time at 200°C, whereas the binder content reaches a minimum value of about 1.6% and then remains constant with the dwell time. Strong debinded parts can be easily manipulated and can be rapidly sintered due to the low amount of the residual organic phase.
High Heat Generation Ability in AC Magnetic Field of Y3Fe5O12 Powder Prepared Using Bead Milling
Authors: Aono Hiromichi , Ebara Hiroki , Senba Ryota , Naohara Takashi , Maehara Tsunehiro , Hirazawa Hideyuki , Watanabe Yuji 
Published: October 2011

We found that the nano‐sized Y3Fe5O12 powder prepared by bead milling has the highest heat generation ability in an AC magnetic field of reported superparamagnetic materials. The heat generation ability in an AC magnetic field was strongly improved by a decrease in the average crystallite size of the bead milled samples. The highest heat ability in the AC magnetic field was for the fine Y3Fe5O12 powder with ca. 15 nm crystallite size (the samples milled for 4 h using 0.1 mmφ beads). The reasons for the high heat generation properties of the milled samples are ascribed to an increase in the Néel relaxation of the superparamagnetic material. The heat generation ability (W·g−1) can be estimated using a 3.58 × 10−4 f·H2 frequency (f/kHz) and the magnetic field (H/kA·m−1) for the sample milled for 4 h using 0.1 mmφ beads.
Prolongation of the effective copulation period by fractionated‐dose irradiation in the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius
Authors: Kumano Norikuni , Kuriwada Takashi , Shiromoto Keiko , Haraguchi Dai , Kohama Tsuguo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe sterile insect technique (SIT), based on the principles of population and behavioral ecology, is widely used to suppress or eradicate target pest insect populations. The effectiveness of SIT depends on the ability of released sterile males to mate with and inseminate wild females; however, the use of gamma radiation to induce sterility negatively affects both somatic cells as well as reproductive cells. Consequently, sterilization by irradiation drastically diminishes mating performance over time. It is well known that fractionated‐dose irradiation, in which a sterilizing dose is delivered via a series of smaller irradiations, reduces radiation damage. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of fractionated‐dose irradiation on fertility, longevity, and mating propensity in Cylas formicarius (Summers) (Coleoptera: Brentidae) for 16 days after irradiation. Fractionated‐dose irradiation with 200 Gy induced full sterility regardless of the number of radiation doses. Although the mating propensity of males sterilized by a single 200 Gy dose (the current standard of the Okinawa Prefecture SIT program) was equal to that of non‐irradiated weevils for the first 6 days, the mating propensity of males sterilized by a series of three doses was maintained for at least the first 12 days. These results demonstrated that fractionated‐dose irradiation can be highly advantageous in C. formicarius eradication programs.
Recurrent pain, stress, tender points and fibromyalgia in childhood: an exploratory descriptive clinical study
Authors: Alfvén Gösta 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAims:  To study the occurrence of tender points associated with fibromyalgia and their relationship with the stress‐related pattern of tender points in children with psychosomatic recurrent abdominal pain.Methods:  In an exploratory descriptive study, 47 children aged 6–17 years with psychosomatic recurrent abdominal pain were examined for tender points associated with fibromyalgia and those associated with stress. The individual scores for these two types of tender point were correlated at inclusion and at follow‐up after treatment.Results:  At inclusion, all children had a score for stress tender points that was near the maximum. Eight satisfied the diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia. The scores for stress and fibromyalgia tender points were correlated significantly at both inclusion (R = 0.42, p < 0.005) and follow‐up (R = 0.74, p < 0.00005). At follow‐up, the children who were free of pain had significantly lower scores for stress tender points (p < 0.001) and fibromyalgia tender points (p < 0.00001) than those who were not pain free.Conclusions:  Children with psychosomatic pain can have an increased risk of developing fibromyalgia. A longer duration of pain and more locations in which pain is felt might increase this risk. In patients with a favourable outcome, the scores for stress tender points and fibromyalgia tender points decreased significantly.
Imaginative interaction with Internet games. For children and teachers
Authors: Hannaford Jeanette 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article explores children's imaginative interaction with Internet games in the belief that an understanding of children's life experiences is essential to effective teaching and learning within the classroom. It is underpinned by the idea that imaginative play is, at least in some part, the work of children undertaking identity practice. It focuses on a small group case study of 8‐ and 9‐year‐old children, from diverse cultural backgrounds, who were regular players on free‐access commercial Internet games. As children frequently perform imaginative narrative play both privately and in groups triggered from experiences with novels, films and television, the research initially focused on whether similar activities resulted from experiences with commercially sponsored free Internet game sites. If so, to what extent might these texts also influence children's creative output? To explore this, the children attended a weekly after‐school computer club during which they played on Internet games. During the course of the club sessions, each child was observed and interviewed about the experiences they had resulting from the gameplay. Through consideration of the children's play and opinions, the teacher researcher developed valuable insights into her students and their worlds to the benefit of her practice.
Exposure of Iranian emergency medical technicians to workplace violence: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Rahmani Azad , Hassankhani Hadi , Mills Jane , Dadashzadeh Abbas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives: Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in Iran experience concerning levels of workplace violence, although until now there has been no investigation of this phenomenon. The objectives of the present study were to describe the exposure of Iranian EMTs to workplace violence and to identify the importance of related factors from their viewpoint.Methods: In this descriptive, exploratory study, 160 EMTs agreed to participate in a survey that collected data regarding their exposure to the following forms of workplace violence: verbal abuse, physical assault, cultural harassment, sexual harassment and sexual assault.Results: A total of 138 questionnaires were returned, representing a response rate of 86%. The majority of participants 75% (n= 103) experienced at least one form of workplace violence in the 12 months before completing the questionnaire. The most frequently reported form of workplace violence was verbal abuse (71%), followed by physical assault (38%) and cultural harassment (9%). Violence resulting in serious injuries was reported by only 4% of participants, with no more than 8% of participants experiencing workplace violence that included the use of weapons. The most reported response to workplace violence was to ‘invite the offender to calm down’. Participants took this approach because they believed that ‘follow up of workplace violence is ineffectual’ (34%), considered the workplace violence as a common in their job (30%), and did not know whom to report workplace violence to (13%).Conclusion: Iranian EMTs experience a considerable amount of workplace violence. The present study highlights the recommendation for formal training programmes and clearer protocols about how to manage workplace violence, especially verbal abuse in the Iranian prehospital setting.
Conservation of Hipparchia autonoe (Esper) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Natural Monument in South Korea
Authors: CHO Youngho , CHOI Deuk‐Soo , HAN Yong‐Gu , NAM Sang‐Ho 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHipparchia autonoe, designated Natural Monument no. 458, is a species inhabiting Mt. Halla on Jeju Island, which is the only habitat of H. autonoe in South Korea. Recently, this species is in danger of extinction as the population has been remarkably reduced because its host plants and nectar plants are gradually disappearing due to plant succession in its habitat. On the climbing road of Jeju Island Eorimok, H. autonoe used to be observed at and above 1300 m a.s.l. However, since Sasa quelpaertensis has recently expanded its habitat up to 1400 m, H. autonoe is now observed at and above 1500 m. In Mongolia, the population of H. autonoe seems quite stable as there are dense populations of a host plant and nectar plants. Accordingly it is judged that we can maintain a stable community for support of H. autonoe if we successfully manage the host plant and nectar plant communities by controlling the density of S. quelpaertensis using biological and physical control methods. Comparative analysis of DNA barcode region of COI (658 bp) was done to check the homogeneity and the genetic diversity of H. autonoe collected in Korea and Mongolia. The DNA sequence difference among individuals collected in South Korea was 0.0–0.2%, and in Mongolia 0.0–1.4%. This confirmed a 0.06–1.2% barcoding gap. We believe that this result will provide basic information useful to guide conservation of H. autonoe in South Korea.
The Different Behavior of Rutile and Anatase Nanoparticles in Forming Oxy Radicals Upon Illumination with Visible Light: An EPR Study
Authors: Lipovsky Anat , levitski Luba , Tzitrinovich Zeev , Gedanken Aharon , Lubart Rachel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPhotoexcited TiO2 has been found to generate reactive oxygen species, yet the precise mechanism and chemical nature of the generated oxy species especially regarding the different crystal phases remain to be elucidated. Visible light‐induced reactions of a suspension of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in water were investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) coupled with the spin‐trapping technique. Increased levels of both hydroxyl (˙OH) and superoxide anion (˙O2−) radicals were detected in TiO2 rutile and anatase nanoparticles (50 nm). The intensity of signals assigned to the ˙OH and ˙O2− radicals was larger for the anatase phase than that originating from rutile. Moreover, illumination with visible (nonUV) light enhanced ˙O2− formation in the rutile phase. Singlet oxygen was not detected in water suspension of TiO2 neither in rutile nor in anatase nanoparticles, but irradiation of the rutile phase with visible light revealed a signal, which could be attributed to singlet oxygen formation. The blue part of visible spectrum (400–500 nm) was found to be responsible for the light‐induced ROS in TiO2 nanoparticles. The characterization of the mechanism of visible light‐induced oxy radicals formation by TiO2 nanoparticles could contribute to its use as a sterilization agent.
Riparian field margins: their potential to enhance biodiversity in intensively managed Grasslands
Authors: COLE LORNA J. , BROCKLEHURST SARAH , McCRACKEN DAVID I. , HARRISON WILLIAM , ROBERTSON DUNCAN 
Published: October 2011

Abstract.  1. Riparian field margins (i.e. fenced off areas adjacent to watercourses) are becoming widespread in the UK as a means of mitigating diffuse pollution in intensive grasslands. By providing additional habitats for wildlife, they can potentially enhance farmland biodiversity. This study examined a range of riparian margins to determine their impact on invertebrates.2. Over a 4‐year period, key invertebrates were monitored by pitfall traps at 69 riparian sites in south‐west Scotland. Riparian margins were classified as open margins (i.e. no fence between the field and watercourse), narrow margins (fences erected within 2.6 m of the watercourse) and wide margins (fences erected over 5 m from the watercourse). Pitfall transects were established at each site in the margin and field.3. Generalised Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) were used to model the influence of riparian management and vegetation height on invertebrate activity density. Riparian margins closed to livestock (i.e. wide and narrow margins) had the highest activity densities of Hemiptera, Opiliones, Symphyta larvae and Arionidae, and this could not solely be attributed to differences in vegetation height. For most invertebrate groups, activity density did not differ between wide and narrow margins. Only Linyphiidae, predatory coleopteran larvae and Lumbricidae had higher activity densities in the fields than adjacent riparian margins.4. The erection of fences along watercourses creates habitat heterogeneity in intensively managed grasslands resulting in enhanced invertebrate populations and thus potentially more prey for foliage gleaning birds. Although margin width did not have a significant influence on invertebrate activity density, wider margins provide a greater area of semi‐natural habitat.
Why and How to Fill an Unfilled Proposition
Authors: RICKLESS SAMUEL C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThere are two major semantic theories of proper names: Semantic Descriptivism and Direct Reference. According to Semantic Descriptivism, the semantic content of a proper name N for a speaker S is identical to the semantic content of a definite description “the F” that the speaker associates with the name. According to Direct Reference, the semantic content of a proper name is identical to its referent. Semantic Descriptivism suffers from a number of drawbacks first pointed out by Donnellan (1970) and Kripke (1972). Direct Reference faces difficulties of its own, most importantly the problem of empty names. The most promising Directly Referential solution to this problem is the Unfilled Proposition view, according to which utterances of sentences containing empty names semantically express unfilled propositions. But this view faces the problem of accounting for the intuition that negative existentials involving empty names are true. The most promising way of dealing with this problem within Unfilled Proposition theory is to suppose (i) that utterances of sentences may be used to pragmatically convey propositions they do not semantically express, and (ii) that the proposition pragmatically conveyed by a speaker S's utterance of a sentence containing an empty name N (where “the F” is a definite description S associates with N) is identical to the proposition semantically expressed by an utterance of the sentence obtained by replacing N with “the F”. Call this view “Pragmatic Descriptivism”. With respect to the problem of negative existentials, Pragmatic Descriptivists can insist that, although an utterance of “Santa does not exist” is literally neither true nor false, our taking it to be true may be explained as the result of our having confused the unfilled proposition it semantically expresses with the clearly true descriptive proposition it pragmatically conveys. Despite its theoretical virtues, Pragmatic Descriptivism has recently come under fire. Everett (2003), in particular, has advanced four different lines of criticism, to which Adams and Dietrich (2004) have responded in some detail. In this article, I have two main aims. The first is to argue that Adams and Dietrich's replies to Everett's criticisms (with one exception) are ineffective. I conclude that there is no acceptable strategy for solving the problem of empty names within Direct Reference theory. The second is to argue that there is a promising alternative to Semantic Descriptivism and Direct Reference that requires us to fill unfilled propositions with names, thereby solving the problem of empty names.
How Albot0 Finds Its Way Home: A Novel Approach to Cognitive Mapping Using Robots
Authors: Yeap Wai K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMuch of what we know about cognitive mapping comes from observing how biological agents behave in their physical environments, and several of these ideas were implemented on robots, imitating such a process. In this paper a novel approach to cognitive mapping is presented whereby robots are treated as a species of their own and their cognitive mapping is being investigated. Such robots are referred to as Albots. The design of the first Albot, Albot0, is presented. Albot0 computes an imprecise map and employs a novel method to find its way home. Both the map and the return‐home algorithm exhibited characteristics commonly found in biological agents. What we have learned from Albot0’s cognitive mapping are discussed. One major lesson is that the spatiality in a cognitive map affords us rich and useful information and this argues against recent suggestions that the notion of a cognitive map is not a useful one.