bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Native Chemical Ligation Approach for Combinatorial Assembly of Affibody Molecules
Authors: Lindgren Joel , Ekblad Caroline , Abrahmsén Lars , Eriksson Karlström Amelie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAffinity molecules labeled with different reporter groups, such as fluorophores or radionuclides, are valuable research tools used in a variety of applications. One class of engineered affinity proteins is Affibody molecules, which are small (6.5 kDa) proteins that can be produced by solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), thereby allowing site‐specific incorporation of reporter groups during synthesis. The Affibody molecules are triple‐helix proteins composed of a variable part, which gives the protein its binding specificity, and a constant part, which is identical for all Affibody molecules. In the present study, native chemical ligation (NCL) has been applied for combinatorial assembly of Affibody molecules from peptide fragments produced by Fmoc SPPS. The concept is demonstrated for the synthesis of three different Affibody molecules. The cysteine residue introduced at the site of ligation can be used for directed immobilization and does not interfere with the function of the investigated proteins. This strategy combines a high‐yield production method with facilitated preparation of proteins with different C‐terminal modifications.
Asymmetric Cyclization Reactions of Allenoates with Imines or α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by Organocatalysts Derived from Cinchona Alkaloids
Authors: Pei Cheng‐Kui , Shi Min 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLewis base‐catalyzed cyclization reactions of allenoates with electron‐deficient olefins and imines have been demonstrated by the preparation of biologically active natural products and pharmaceutically interesting substances and have emerged as powerful synthetic tools in the rapid construction of cyclic molecular complexity. In contrast to phosphine‐containing Lewis bases, nitrogen‐containing Lewis base amines display markedly different reaction profiles; however, this area is not well‐developed. Herein we summarize the recent progress in this emerging field and outline the challenges ahead.
Sustainable Heck–Matsuda Reaction with Catalytic Amounts of Diazonium Salts: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Susperregui Nicolas , Miqueu Karinne , Sotiropoulos Jean‐Marc , Le Callonnec François , Fouquet Eric , Felpin François‐Xavier 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed Heck–Matsuda reaction with a catalytic amount of an in‐situ‐generated diazonium salt proceeded under mild and sustainable conditions. The reaction proceeded at room temperature, under base‐free conditions, and only generated tBuOH, H2O, and N2 as by‐products. Ortho‐substituted diazonium salts were more‐efficiently coupled to methyl acrylate than their corresponding para isomers, which required the addition of anisole as an additive. In support of these experimental data, we carried out theoretical studies to gain a deeper understanding of these reaction outcomes.
Efficiency Enhancement of Reductants Use in the Blast Furnace to Reduce CO2 Emissions and Costs
Authors: Schott Robin , Malek Christian , Schott Hans‐Klaus 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDas Hochofenverfahren ist das wichtigste Verfahren zur Roheisenerzeugung. Dabei wird die Prozessenergie hauptsächlich über Koks gedeckt. Die Koks‐Herstellung ist jedoch mit CO2‐Frachten und hohen Kosten verbunden. Eine wichtige Maßnahme zur Reduzierung des Kokssatzes und damit der CO2‐Emissionen sowie Kosten ist das Einblasen von Kohlenstaub über die Blasformen in den Hochofen. Weitere Verbesserungen können durch die Oxycoal+ Technologie erreicht werden. Anhand vereinfachter Energiebilanzen werden die Wirtschaftlichkeit sowie die Minderung der CO2‐Emissionen für den Nur‐Koks‐Betrieb des Hochofens, den Betrieb beim Einblasen von Kohlenstaub und den Betrieb bei Anwendung der Oxycoal+ Technologie einander gegenüber gestellt und bewertet.
The Effect of Particulate Matter Components on the Acidity of Rain in Upper Silesia (Poland)
Authors: Hlawiczka Stanislaw , Korszun Katarzyna 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAnalysis of data characterizing the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation was presented, with an emphasis on components responsible for neutralization of rain acidity. For this purpose, chemometric methods were applied. Based on a principal component analysis (PCA) a strong correlation between precipitation pH and potassium and ammonium ions in the heating period (October–March) and potassium and sodium ions in the non‐heating period (April–September) was observed. Additionally, a classification of eight variables, i.e., Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, ${\rm SO}_{4}^{2- } $, ${\rm NO}_{3}^{- } $, Cl−, and ${\rm NH}_{4}^{ + } $ according to their similarities was made using a cluster analysis. Based on this study, two ions, potassium and ammonium, together with the pH value were classified into one group (cluster) in the heating period while in the non‐heating period ions of potassium and sodium were clustered together with the pH. The results of the cluster analysis indicated that the selected ions contributed the most to the neutralization of the atmospheric precipitation acidity. This relationship was confirmed by a discriminant analysis in which potassium and ammonium ions were selected as components of the highest potential for precipitation classification according to its acidity degree. The relationship between the precipitation pH and the number of non‐precipitation days preceding the precipitation was also analyzed. It was found that although the observed an increase of the pH value was not very high, nevertheless, the effect of the duration of the period preceding the precipitation on the pH value recorded on the day of the precipitation occurrence was quite evident.
Kinase Inhibitor Scaffolds against Neurodegenerative Diseases from a Southern Australian Ascidian, Didemnum sp.
Authors: Plisson Fabien , Conte Melissa , Khalil Zeinab , Huang Xiao‐Cong , Piggott Andrew M. , Capon Robert J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractScreening a library of Southern Australian and Antarctic marine invertebrates and algae for inhibitors of neurodegenerative disease kinase targets casein kinase 1 (CK1δ), cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) identified a Western Australian Didemnum species (CMB‐02127) as a high‐priority specimen. Chemical fractionation returned the known aromatic alkaloids ningalins B–D as the major metabolites, together with six minor metabolites, the new ningalins E–G and the known hexacyclic pyrrole alkaloids lamellarins Z, G and A6. All structures were assigned by detailed spectroscopic analysis and literature comparisons, and the structural assignments were supported by biosynthetic considerations. The ningalins showed potent and broad inhibition across the three kinases, while the lamellarins were generally more selective for CDK5. Docking studies using published X‐ray crystal structures of CDK5 revealed both scaffolds target the ATP binding pocket.
Isolated Silver Intermediate of Gold Precatalyst Activation
Authors: Weber Simone G. , Rominger Frank , Straub Bernd F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe silver chloride and gold chloride complex of the extremely sterically shielding N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand IPr** have been synthesized and characterized. Formally, eight methyl groups of IPr have been replaced by 4‐tert‐butylphenyl substituents, and two para‐methyl groups have been added. The world record for the ligand's buried volume (55.4 % for IPr**AuCl, and 56.7 % for IPr**AgCl) has been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analyses. Reaction of IPr**AuCl with AgSbF6 in toluene yields AgCl and a cationic gold complex with toluene coordination. The same reaction in 1,2‐dichloroethane leads to precipitation of AgCl and an equilibrium of [IPr**Au]SbF6 and [IPr**AuClAg]SbF6. Single crystals of the latter were suitable for an X‐ray structure analysis, which reveal an Au–Cl–Ag triangle with an almost undisturbed IPr**–Au–Cl fragment and the coordination of two IPr** arenes to a silver cation. The structural parameters emphasize the role of NHC‐Au cations as highly electrophilic “soft protons”.
Oxysterol‐binding proteins–emerging roles in cell regulation
Authors: Olkkonen Vesa M. , Zhou You , Yan Daoguang , Vihervaara Terhi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCytoplasmic oxysterol‐binding protein homologues, designated OSBP‐like (OSBPL) or OSBP‐related (ORP) proteins, constitute a family of lipid binding/transfer proteins present in a wide spectrum of eukaryotes. In mammals these proteins are encoded by 12 genes expressed ubiquitously but at different quantities in different tissue and cell types. Their unifying feature is a β‐barrel‐like ligand‐binding domain that has been shown to accommodate sterol ligands: oxysterols, cholesterol, or both, while a recent report shows that also phospholipid can be bound. Certain family members have the capacity to mediate or facilitate intracellular sterol transport or lipid exchange, while others are implicated as sterol sensors involved in cell regulation: lipid homeostatic control, signal transduction, organelle motility, or vesicle transport. Several ORPs have been localized to membrane contact sites, at which endoplasmic reticulum membranes are closely apposed with other organelles—indicating functions in the non‐vesicular transport of ions or small molecules, or in regulation of enzymatic components active at the contact sites. OSBPL gene polymorphisms are associated with cardiovascular risk factors, and altered ORP expression levels occur in certain cancers, providing the first indications of ORP involvement in human disease. In this review we summarize and analyze the latest findings concerning the function of OSBPL/ORP proteins.
Performance of two laboratory‐scale horizontal wetlands under varying influent loads treating artificial sewage
Authors: Wu Shubiao , Wiessner Arndt , Dong Renjie , Pang Changle , Kuschk Peter 
Published: April 2012

The performance of two laboratory‐scale horizontal subsurface‐flow constructed wetlands(CWs) treating artificial sewage in response to varying influent components and loads was investigated. Acidification with a pH of 3.0 was detected under an organic carbon load of 100 mg/day, which further inhibited the activity of the denitrification process. With an increase in the carbon load to 240 mg/day, the pH was significantly elevated to 6.0. However, a negative effect of sulphide as a product of sulphate reduction was observed on the removal of ammonium, the plants (Juncus effusus), and the organic carbon degradation. With a produced sulphide concentration of about 3.5 mg/L, the ammonium removal decreased from 100% to 30% under an inflow load of 100 mg/day, and the number of healthy stalks of J. effuses was reduced from about 14 000/m2 to less than 6000/m2. The removal of organic carbon decreased from 94% to 68% under an influent load of 240 mg/day, when the sulphide concentrations reached up to about 8–10 mg/L. The production of sulphide was not immediately controlled by stopping the inflow sulphate load to remove the negative effect of the sulphide toxicity, thus indicating an immobilization of the deposited reduced sulphur compounds. Moreover, the effect of a nitrate dosage on the sulphide control was also examined, but was shown to be only evident under the conditions of a low organic carbon input.
A Comparative Study of Head‐Mounted and Table‐Mounted Augmented Vision Systems for Assembly Error Detection
Authors: Odenthal Barbara , Mayer Marcel Ph. , Kabuß Wolfgang , Schlick Christopher M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWithin the Cluster of Excellence “Integrative Production Technology for High‐Wage Countries,” a research project has been initiated to study self‐optimizing assembly cells and to design innovative ergonomic human–machine interfaces of the cell's numerical control. An experimental assembly cell was designed in which two robots carry out a certain repertoire of coordinated pick‐and‐place operations with small workpieces. To support the human operator while monitoring the operations and intervening in the case of assembly errors, an Augmented Vision System (AVS) has been designed and developed. The study described in this article deals with the ergonomic presentation of assembly information by the AVS to support the human operator in detecting assembly errors in small workpieces. Two laboratory experiments were carried out to compare two visual display types and to investigate different variations of presenting assembly information. Forty‐eight subjects participated in the experiments. The statistical analysis shows that the use of a head‐mounted display instead of a common table‐mounted display for the AVS increases the accuracy of assembly error detection significantly (α = 0.05). In contrast, a trend toward a longer detection time was found. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Steady flow to a partially penetrating blind‐wall well in a confined aquifer
Authors: Behrooz‐Koohenjani Saivash , Samani Nozar , Kompani‐Zare Mazda 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWells in aquifers of loose collapsible sediment are cased so that they have a blind wall and gain water only from the bottom. The hydraulic gradient established at the bottom of these wells during pumping brings the aquifer materials in a quicksand state, which may cause abrasion of pipes and pumps and even the destruction of well structure. To examine the quicksand occurrence, an analytical solution for the steady flow to a partially penetrating blind‐wall well in a confined aquifer is developed. The validity of the proposed solution is evaluated numerically. The sensitivity of maximum vertical gradient along the well bottom in response to aquifer and well parameters is examined. The solution is presented in the form of dimensionless‐type curves and equations that can be easily used to design the safe pumping rate and optimum well geometry to protect the well against sand production. The solution incorporates the anisotropy of aquifer materials and can also be used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What we talked about at the pediatrician's office: Exploring differences between healthy steps and traditional pediatric primary care visits
Authors: Buchholz Melissa , Talmi Ayelet 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHealthy Steps for Young Children (HS) is a program designed to enhance pediatric primary care experiences for children birth to 3 years and their families by pairing a developmental specialist with a pediatric provider during well‐child visits. This study examined the impact of HS on content discussed during well‐child visits by providers, HS Specialists, and families. The impact of HS on pediatric outcomes, including timeliness of well‐child visits and immunizations, also was examined. Using retrospective medical review, records of 40 children enrolled in HS were compared with records of 36 demographically matched controls. A developmental topics checklist was used to analyze content of well‐child visits. Attendance at well‐child visits, receipt of immunizations, and healthcare utilization also was evaluated. Important developmental topics were discussed more often during well‐child visits of children enrolled in HS than for children who were not enrolled. Children enrolled in HS received timelier well‐child visits and immunizations. No differences between groups were found in the number of sick or emergency room visits. Integrating HS Specialists into pediatric primary care well‐child visits allows for discussion of important developmental topics while also impacting pediatric health outcomes.
Relationship of changes in total hip bone mineral density to vertebral and nonvertebral fracture risk in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with once-yearly zoledronic acid 5 mg: The HORIZON-Pivotal Fracture Trial (PFT)
Authors: Jacques Richard M , Boonen Steven , Cosman Felicia , Reid Ian R , Bauer Douglas C , Black Dennis M , Eastell Richard 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Measurements of change in bone mineral density (BMD) are thought to be weak predictors of treatment effect on the reduction of fracture risk. In this study we report an alternative year-on-year approach for the estimation of treatment effect explained by BMD in which we examine the relationship between fracture risk and the most recent change in BMD. We studied 7736 postmenopausal women (ages 65 to 89 years) who were participants in the Health Outcomes and Reduced Incidence with Zoledronic Acid Once Yearly–Pivotal Fracture Trial (HORIZON-PFT) and were randomized to either intravenous administration of zoledronic acid or placebo. The percentage of treatment effect explained by change in total hip BMD was estimated using the alternative year-on-year approach and the standard approach of looking at change over 3 years. We also studied a subset of 1132 women in whom procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (PINP) was measured at baseline and 12 months, to estimate the percentage of treatment effect explained by change in PINP. Regardless of the method used, the change in total hip BMD explained a large percentage of the effect of zoledronic acid in reducing new vertebral fracture risk (40%; 95% CI, 30% to 54%; for the 3-year analysis). The treatment effects for nonvertebral fracture were not statistically significant for the year-on-year analysis but 3-year change in BMD explained 61% (95% CI, 24% to 156%) of treatment effect. Change in PINP explained 58% (95% CI, 15% to 222%) of the effect of zoledronic acid in reducing new vertebral fracture risk. We conclude that our estimates of the percentage of treatment effect explained may be higher than in previous studies because of high compliance with zoledronic acid (due to its once-yearly intravenous administration). Previous studies may have underestimated the relationship between BMD change and the effect of treatment on fracture risk. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Plasma exchange for renal disease: Evidence and use 2011
Authors: Clark W.F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOver the past 37 year the role of plasma exchange in the treatment of patients with renal disease has undergone several changes. The majority of the changes for the use of plasma exchange relied on randomized control trials and delineations of mechanisms that potentially would benefit from the use of plasma exchange. Over the past 11 years plasma exchange indications for renal disease, the absolute numbers have been relatively unchanged but the indications are quite different. The Canadian Apheresis Group indicated in 2010 that TTP/HUS is still the number 1 indication at 63% of the total plasma exchange activity for renal disease but P and C ANCA Vasculitis had risen to 14% followed by renal transplant at 10%, Goodpasture's Syndrome at 6% and transplant FSGS at 5% with Cryoglobulinemia 2% and Myeloma Nephropathy had dropped dramatically to less than 1% with no cases of SLE reported. This report describes the most common indications for plasma exchange in patient's with renal disease and the evidence that supports it's use in 2011. J. Clin. Apheresis 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiparametric 3T endorectal mri after external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Westphalen Antonio C. , Reed Galen D. , Vinh Phillip P. , Sotto Christopher , Vigneron Daniel B. , Kurhanewicz John 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose:To determine the best combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters for the detection of locally recurrent prostate cancer after external beam radiation therapy.Materials and Methods:Our Institutional Review Board approved this study with a waiver of informed consent. Twenty‐six patients with suspected recurrence due to biochemical failure were part of this research. The MR protocol included T2‐weighted, MR spectroscopy, and diffusion‐weighted MRI. Transrectal ultrasound‐guided biopsy was the standard of reference. We used logistic regression to model the probability of a positive outcome and generalized estimating equations to account for clustering. The diagnostic performance of imaging was described using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results:The area under the ROC curve of MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) was 83.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 75.5–89.1). The combination of all MR techniques did not significantly improve the performance of imaging beyond the accuracy of MRSI alone, but a trend toward improved discrimination was noted (86.9%; 95% CI = 77.6–93.4; P = 0.09).Conclusion:Incorporation of MRSI to T2‐weighted and/or diffusion‐weighted MRI significantly improves the assessment of patients with suspected recurrence after radiotherapy and a combined approach with all three modalities may have the best diagnostic performance. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:430–437. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Histological differentiation grade and microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma predicted by dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Witjes Caroline D.M. , Willemssen François E.J.A. , Verheij Joanne , van der Veer Sacha J. , Hansen Bettina E. , Verhoef Cornelis , de Man Robert A. , IJzermans Jan N.M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose:To explore the potential use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting the outcome for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), imaging characteristics were correlated with pathological findings and clinical outcome.Materials and Methods:With permission from the Ethical Board, clinical data and tissues of resected HCC patients were collected, including the preoperative MRI. The role of MRI characteristics on recurrence and survival were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses.Results:Between January 2000 and December 2008, 87 patients with 104 HCCs were operated on. Microvascular invasion was present in 55 lesions (53%). HCC was characterized as well differentiated in 15 lesions (14%), as moderate in 50 lesions (48%), and as poorly differentiated in 34 lesions (33%). Due to preoperative treatment in five lesions (5%) no vital tumor was left. In 85 lesions (88%) washout of contrast was noted. Of the 87 patients, 28 (32%) with 37 lesions developed HCC recurrence; these patients had microvascular invasion significantly more often and a moderate or poorly differentiated tumor (P < 0.001 and P = 0.025, respectively). MRI more often showed washout when HCC was moderately or poorly differentiated (P < 0.001) or microvascular invasion was present (P = 0.032).Conclusion:Differentiation grade and microvascular invasion are significantly associated with the presence of washout demonstrated on dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:641–647. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subclinical Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Tsinberg Michael , Liu Chienying , Duh Quan‐Yang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSubclinical Cushing's syndrome (SCS) refers to subtle autonomous cortisol hypersecretion that is insufficient to generate the typical, clinically recognizable overt syndrome. Diagnosis of SCS is challenging. The combination of 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test, serum ACTH level, and urinary cortisol level are used to diagnose SCS. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the treatment of choice for SCS. Patients with adrenal incidentalomas and SCS should be treated with perioperative steroids to prevent post‐operative hypocortisolism. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:572–574. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.