bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apraxia of Speech: Perceptual Analysis of Trisyllabic Word Productions Across Repeated Sampling Occasions
Authors: Mauszycki Shannon C. , Wambaugh Julie L. , Cameron Rosalea M. 
Published: May 2012

Purpose
Early apraxia of speech (AOS) research has characterized errors as being variable, resulting in a number of different error types being produced on repeated productions of the same stimuli. Conversely, recent research has uncovered greater consistency in errors, but there are limited data examining sound errors over time (more than one occasion). Furthermore, the influence of conditions of stimulus presentation (blocked vs. random) on sound errors remains uncertain. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of repeated sampling and conditions of stimulus presentation on speech sound errors for 11 speakers with AOS/aphasia.

Method
Trisyllabic words consisting of 7 target phonemes in the initial position served as stimuli. On 3 occasions, stimuli were elicited under 2 conditions: blocked (by phoneme) and randomized presentation. Speech productions were analyzed via narrow phonetic transcription.

Results
Findings revealed a similar overall mean percentage of errors in both conditions and across sampling occasions. Distortions were the dominant error type.

Conclusion
There was no obvious pattern of responding across sampling occasions or conditions of stimulus presentation. The dominant error type differed among target phonemes, but there appeared to be some degree of consistency in the error types produced for the majority of target phonemes.
Orthographic Word Knowledge Growth in School-Age Children
Authors: Wagovich Stacy A. , Pak Youngju , Miller Margaret D. 
Published: May 2012

Purpose
Natural reading experiences provide an opportunity for the development of orthographic word knowledge as well as other forms of partial word knowledge. The purpose of this study was to compare the orthographic word knowledge growth of school-age children with relatively low language skills (LL group) to that of age- and gender-matched peers with high language skills (HL group).

Method
Thirty-two children, 16 per group, read stories containing rare words 3 times, 2–3 days apart. Posttesting, completed at the end of each session, required participants to indicate recognition of the rare words encountered in the stories while not indicating recognition of orthographically similar nonwords.

Results
Over time, both groups showed significant growth in recognition of the orthographic forms of the rare words. However, the groups differed in the extent to which they indicated that the orthographically similar nonwords were words, with the LL group indicating that significantly more of the nonwords were words.

Conclusion
Results provide some preliminary evidence that children with relatively weaker language skills are able to develop orthographic knowledge of unfamiliar words through reading experiences, but their orthographic representations may not be as well defined as those of children with stronger language skills.
Effect of Fundamental Frequency on Judgments of Electrolaryngeal Speech
Authors: Nagle Kathy F. , Eadie Tanya L. , Wright Derek R. , Sumida Yumi A. 
Published: May 2012

Purpose

To determine (a) the effect of fundamental frequency (f
0
) on speech intelligibility, acceptability, and perceived gender in electrolaryngeal (EL) speakers, and (b) the effect of known gender on speech acceptability in EL speakers.

Method
A 2-part study was conducted. In Part 1, 34 healthy adults provided speech recordings using electrolarynges set at 75 Hz, 130 Hz, and 175 Hz, and 36 listeners transcribed the recordings. In Part 2, 22 speech samples were presented to 16 listeners. First, listeners identified the gender of each speaker and judged his or her speech acceptability using rating scales. Second, listeners judged the same samples for speech acceptability when gender information was provided.

Results

In Part 1, speakers were significantly more intelligible when using 75-Hz devices. In Part 2, the f
0
of the speech signal significantly impacted listeners' accuracy in perceiving the speaker’s gender: In gender-incongruent conditions (males using 175-Hz devices, females using 75-Hz devices), listeners were unable to identify female speakers. Speech acceptability judgments were directly related to intelligibility. Finally, listeners differentially penalized female speakers who used 75-Hz devices when gender information was known.

Conclusion

Low f
0
facilitated speech intelligibility. However, at low f
0
, listeners were unable to identify females as female, and females were differentially penalized for speech acceptability. Results may have implications for rehabilitation.
A Comparison of Intention and Pantomime Gesture Treatment for Noun Retrieval in People With Aphasia
Authors: Ferguson Neina F. , Evans Kelli , Raymer Anastasia M. 
Published: May 2012

Purpose
The effects of intention gesture treatment (IGT) and pantomime gesture treatment (PGT) on word retrieval were compared in people with aphasia.

Method
Four individuals with aphasia and word retrieval impairments subsequent to left-hemisphere stroke participated in a single-participant crossover treatment design. Each participant viewed target nouns on a computer screen in 2 counterbalanced training phases. Training included paired verbal + gesture treatment strategies to elicit verbal and/or gestural productions of target nouns. Treatment effects were measured using daily picture-naming probes for verbal naming and gesture productions for trained and untrained words as well as pre-/posttreatment standardized aphasia tests.

Outcomes and Results
IGT resulted in immediate effects on the verbal productions of 2 participants but lacked carryover to untrained words. PGT resulted in improved verbal production for 2 participants and immediate effects on the gesture productions of 3 participants, with carryover of gesture production to untrained words in 1 participant. Improvements on standardized aphasia tests were evident in 2 participants.

Conclusion
IGT and PGT had positive treatment effects, but for contrasting communication modalities. Two individuals with mild–moderate aphasia improved verbal production with both IGT and PGT, and 2 individuals with severe aphasia improved gesture use with PGT.
Effects of Syntactic Complexity, Semantic Reversibility, and Explicitness on Discourse Comprehension in Persons With Aphasia and in Healthy Controls
Authors: Levy Joshua , Hoover Elizabeth , Waters Gloria , Kiran Swathi , Caplan David , Berardino Alex , Sandberg Chaleece 
Published: May 2012

Purpose
Prior studies of discourse comprehension have concluded that the deficits of persons with aphasia (PWA) in syntactically based comprehension of sentences in isolation are not predictive of deficits in comprehension of sentences in discourse (Brookshire & Nicholas, 1984; Caplan & Evans, 1990). However, these studies used semantically constrained sentences in discourse, which do not require syntactic analysis to be understood. A discourse task was developed to assess the effect of syntactic complexity, among other factors, on discourse comprehension in PWA.

Method
Thirty-eight PWA and 30 neurologically healthy control participants were presented with passages that contained 2–3 semantically reversible sentences that were either syntactically simple or syntactically complex. The passages were presented auditorily, and comprehension was assessed with the auditory and written presentation of 4 multiple-choice questions immediately following each passage.

Results
Passages with syntactically simple sentences were better understood than passages with syntactically complex sentences. Moreover, semantically constrained sentences were more likely to be accurately interpreted than semantically reversible sentences. Comprehension accuracy on our test correlated positively with comprehension accuracy on an existing test.

Conclusion
The presence of semantically reversible, syntactically complex sentences in a passage affects comprehension of the passage in both PWA and neurologically healthy individuals.
Constrained Versus Unconstrained Intensive Language Therapy in Two Individuals With Chronic, Moderate-to-Severe Aphasia and Apraxia of Speech: Behavioral and fMRI Outcomes
Authors: Kurland Jacquie , Pulvermüller Friedemann , Silva Nicole , Burke Katherine , Andrianopoulos Mary 
Published: May 2012

Purpose
This Phase I study investigated behavioral and functional MRI (fMRI) outcomes of 2 intensive treatment programs to improve naming in 2 participants with chronic moderate-to-severe aphasia with comorbid apraxia of speech (AOS). Constraint-induced aphasia therapy (CIAT; Pulvermüller et al., 2001) has demonstrated positive outcomes in some individuals with chronic aphasia. Whether constraint to the speech modality or treatment intensity is responsible for such gains is still under investigation. Moreover, it remains to be seen whether CIAT is effective in individuals with persistent severe nonfluent speech and/or AOS.

Method
A single-subject multiple-baseline approach was used. Both participants were treated simultaneously, first with Promoting Aphasics' Communicative Effectiveness (PACE; Davis & Wilcox, 1985) and then with CIAT. Pre-/posttreatment testing included an overt naming fMRI protocol. Treatment effect sizes were calculated for changes in probe accuracy from baseline to posttreatment phases and maintenance where available.

Results
Both participants made more and faster gains in naming following CIAT. Treatment-induced changes in BOLD activation suggested that better naming was correlated with the recruitment of perilesional tissue.

Conclusion
Participants produced more target words accurately following CIAT than following PACE. Behavioral and fMRI results support the notion that the intense and repetitive nature of obligatory speech production in CIAT has a positive effect on word retrieval, even in participants with chronic moderate-to-severe aphasia with comorbid AOS.
Predicting Story Goodness Performance From Cognitive Measures Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Lê Karen , Coelho Carl , Mozeiko Jennifer , Krueger Frank , Grafman Jordan 
Published: May 2012

Purpose
This study examined the prediction of performance on measures of the Story Goodness Index (SGI; Lê, Coelho, Mozeiko, & Grafman, 2011) from executive function (EF) and memory measures following traumatic brain injury (TBI). It was hypothesized that EF and memory measures would significantly predict SGI outcomes.

Method
One hundred sixty-seven individuals with TBI participated in the study. Story retellings were analyzed using the SGI protocol. Three cognitive measures—Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS; Delis, Kaplan, & Kramer, 2001) Sorting Test, Wechsler Memory Scale—Third Edition (WMS–III; Wechsler, 1997) Working Memory Primary Index (WMI), and WMS–III Immediate Memory Primary Index (IMI)—were entered into a multiple linear regression model for each discourse measure. Two sets of regression analyses were performed, the first with the Sorting Test as the first predictor and the second with it as the last.

Results
The first set of regression analyses identified the Sorting Test and IMI as the only significant predictors of performance on measures of the SGI. The second set identified all measures as significant predictors when evaluating each step of the regression function.

Conclusion
The cognitive variables predicted performance on the SGI measures, although there were differences in the amount of explained variance. The results (a) suggest that storytelling ability draws on a number of underlying skills and (b) underscore the importance of using discrete cognitive tasks rather than broad cognitive indices to investigate the cognitive substrates of discourse.
Finiteness Marking in Boys With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Sterling Audra M. , Rice Mabel L. , Warren Steven F. 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe current study investigated finiteness marking (e.g., he walks, he walked) in boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS); the boys were grouped based on receptive vocabulary (i.e., borderline, impaired).MethodTwenty-one boys with the full mutation of fragile X, between the ages of 8 and 16 years participated. The boys completed probes from the Test of Early Grammatical Impairment (TEGI; Rice & Wexler, 2001), a language sample, a nonverbal IQ test (Leiter–R; Roid & Miller, 1997), a receptive vocabulary test (the Pearson Picture Vocabulary Test—Fourth Edition [PPVT–IV]; Dunn & Dunn, 2007), and a measure of autistic symptoms (the Childhood Autism Rating Scale [CARS]; Schopler, Reichler, & Renner, 2002).ResultsThere were group differences for finiteness responses on the 3rd person singular probe; the group with impaired vocabulary omitted markers with greater frequency compared to the borderline vocabulary group. There were not significant differences on the past tense probe, with both groups performing lower than expectations based on receptive vocabulary ability. Nonverbal IQ was not correlated with the measures of finiteness marking.ConclusionBoys with FXS demonstrate delays in finiteness marking, in particular, on past tense verbs. Boys with FXS show a unique profile, unlike children with SLI, in which their use of tense markers may exceed expectations benchmarked to clause length.
Aerodynamic and Nonlinear Dynamic Acoustic Analysis of Tension Asymmetry in Excised Canine Larynges
Authors: Devine Erin E. , Bulleit Erin E. , Hoffman Matthew R. , McCulloch Timothy M. , Jiang Jack J. 
Published: May 2012

Purpose
To model tension asymmetry caused by superior laryngeal nerve paralysis (SLNP) in excised larynges and apply perturbation, nonlinear dynamic, and aerodynamic analyses.

Method
SLNP was modeled in 8 excised larynges using sutures and weights to mimic cricothyroid (CT) muscle function. Weights were removed from one side to create tension asymmetry, mimicking unilateral SLNP. Two sets of weights were used, 1 light and 1 heavy. Five conditions were evaluated: (a) no tension, (b) symmetrical light tension, (c) asymmetrical light tension, (d) symmetrical heavy tension, and (e) asymmetrical heavy tension.

Results

Perturbation parameters were not significantly different across conditions: percent jitter, χ
2
(4) = 3.70,
p
= .451; percent shimmer,
F
(4) = 0.95,
p
= .321. In addition, many measurements were invalid (error values >10). Second-order entropy was significantly different across conditions,
F
(4) = 5.432,
p
= .002, whereas correlation dimension was not,
F
(4) = 0.99,
p
= .428. Validity of these nonlinear dynamic parameters was demonstrated by low standard deviations. Phonation threshold pressure, χ
2
(4) = 22.50,
p
< .001, and power, χ
2
(4) = 9.50,
p
= .05, differed significantly across conditions, whereas phonation threshold flow did not, χ
2
(4) = 4.08,
p
= .396.

Conclusions
Nonlinear dynamic analysis differentiated between symmetrical and asymmetrical tension conditions, whereas traditional perturbation analysis was less useful in characterizing type 2 or 3 vocal signals. Supplementing acoustic with aerodynamic parameters may help distinguish among laryngeal disorders of neuromuscular origin.
Children With Specific Language Impairment and Resolved Late Talkers: Working Memory Profiles at 5 Years
Authors: Petruccelli Nadia , Bavin Edith L. , Bretherton Lesley 
Published: May 2012

Purpose
The evidence of a deficit in working memory in specific language impairment (SLI) is of sufficient magnitude to suggest a primary role in developmental language disorder. However, little research has investigated memory in late talkers who recover from their early delay. Drawing on a longitudinal, community sample, this study compared the memory profiles of 3 groups of 5-year-olds: children with SLI who had been identified as late talkers, resolved late talkers (RLTs), and children with typical language development (TLD).

Method
Participants were 25 children with SLI, 45 RLTs, and 32 children with TLD. Subtests from the Working Memory Test Battery for Children and the Children’s Memory Scale plus recalling sentences and nonword repetition tasks were administered to test the components of Baddeley’s working memory model.

Results
The SLI group showed significantly poorer performance than the RLT and TLD groups on measures of the phonological loop and episodic buffer. The RLT and TLD groups scored similarly on all memory measures.

Conclusions
The results support previous findings that sentence recall and nonword repetition are markers of SLI. Although residual effects of late-talking status may emerge over time, RLTs do not necessarily show memory deficits at 5 years of age despite delayed early vocabulary development.
The role of axis embedding on rigid rotor decomposition analysis of variational rovibrational wave functions
Authors: Szidarovszky Tamás , Fábri Csaba , Császár Attila G. 
Published: May 2012

Approximate rotational characterization of variational rovibrational wave functions via the rigid rotor decomposition (RRD) protocol is developed for Hamiltonians based on arbitrary sets of internal coordinates and axis embeddings. An efficient and general procedure is given that allows employing the Eckart embedding with arbitrary polyatomic Hamiltonians through a fully numerical approach. RRD tables formed by projecting rotational-vibrational wave functions into products of rigid-rotor basis functions and previously determined vibrational eigenstates yield rigid-rotor labels for rovibrational eigenstates by selecting the largest overlap. Embedding-dependent RRD analyses are performed, up to high energies and rotational excitations, for the H216O isotopologue of the water molecule. Irrespective of the embedding chosen, the RRD procedure proves effective in providing unambiguous rotational assignments at low energies and J values. Rotational labeling of rovibrational states of H216O proves to be increasingly difficult beyond about 10 000 cm−1, close to the barrier to linearity of the water molecule. For medium energies and excitations the Eckart embedding yields the largest RRD coefficients, thus providing the largest number of unambiguous rotational labels.
Boldness behavior and stress physiology in a novel urban environment suggest rapid correlated evolutionary adaptation
Authors: Atwell Jonathan W. , Cardoso Gonçalo C. , Whittaker Danielle J. , Campbell-Nelson Samuel , Robertson Kyle W. , Ketterson Ellen D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNovel or changing environments expose animals to diverse stressors that likely require coordinated hormonal and behavioral adaptations. Predicted adaptations to urban environments include attenuated physiological responses to stressors and bolder exploratory behaviors, but few studies to date have evaluated the impact of urban life on codivergence of these hormonal and behavioral traits in natural systems. Here, we demonstrate rapid adaptive shifts in both stress physiology and correlated boldness behaviors in a songbird, the dark-eyed junco, following its colonization of a novel urban environment. We compared elevation in corticosterone (CORT) in response to handling and flight initiation distances in birds from a recently established urban population in San Diego, California to birds from a nearby wildland population in the species' ancestral montane breeding range. We also measured CORT and exploratory behavior in birds raised from early life in a captive common garden study. We found persistent population differences for both reduced CORT responses and bolder exploratory behavior in birds from the colonist population, as well as significant negative covariation between maximum CORT and exploratory behavior. Although early developmental effects cannot be ruled out, these results suggest contemporary adaptive evolution of correlated hormonal and behavioral traits associated with colonization of an urban habitat.
A novel variational Bayes multiple locusZ-statistic for genome-wide association studies with Bayesian model averaging
Authors: Logsdon Benjamin A. , Carty Cara L. , Reiner Alexander P. , Dai James Y. , Kooperberg Charles 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMotivation: For many complex traits, including height, the majority of variants identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have small effects, leaving a significant proportion of the heritable variation unexplained. Although many penalized multiple regression methodologies have been proposed to increase the power to detect associations for complex genetic architectures, they generally lack mechanisms for false-positive control and diagnostics for model over-fitting. Our methodology is the first penalized multiple regression approach that explicitly controls Type I error rates and provide model over-fitting diagnostics through a novel normally distributed statistic defined for every marker within the GWAS, based on results from a variational Bayes spike regression algorithm.Results: We compare the performance of our method to the lasso and single marker analysis on simulated data and demonstrate that our approach has superior performance in terms of power and Type I error control. In addition, using the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe) GWAS of African-Americans, we show that our method has power to detect additional novel associations with body height. These findings replicate by reaching a stringent cutoff of marginal association in a larger cohort.Availability: An R-package, including an implementation of our variational Bayes spike regression (vBsr) algorithm, is available at http://kooperberg.fhcrc.org/soft.html.Contact: blogsdon@fhcrc.orgSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Two effective methods for correcting experimental high-throughput screening data
Authors: Dragiev Plamen , Nadon Robert , Makarenkov Vladimir 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Rapid advances in biomedical sciences and genetics have increased the pressure on drug development companies to promptly translate new knowledge into treatments for disease. Impelled by the demand and facilitated by technological progress, the number of compounds evaluated during the initial high-throughput screening (HTS) step of drug discovery process has steadily increased. As a highly automated large-scale process, HTS is prone to systematic error caused by various technological and environmental factors. A number of error correction methods have been designed to reduce the effect of systematic error in experimental HTS (Brideau et al., 2003; Carralot et al., 2012; Kevorkov and Makarenkov, 2005; Makarenkov et al., 2007; Malo et al., 2010). Despite their power to correct systematic error when it is present, the applicability of those methods in practice is limited by the fact that they can potentially introduce a bias when applied to unbiased data. We describe two new methods for eliminating systematic error from HTS data based on a prior knowledge of the error location. This information can be obtained using a specific version of the t-test or of the χ2 goodness-of-fit test as discussed in Dragiev et al. (2011). We will show that both new methods constitute an important improvement over the standard practice of not correcting for systematic error at all as well as over the B-score correction procedure (Brideau et al., 2003) which is widely used in the modern HTS. We will also suggest a more general data preprocessing framework where the new methods can be applied in combination with the Well Correction procedure (Makarenkov et al., 2007). Such a framework will allow for removing systematic biases affecting all plates of a given screen as well as those relative to some of its individual plates.
Contact: makarenkov.vladimir@uqam.ca
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.