bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymer nanocomposites reinforced with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes for semiconducting layers of high‐voltage power cables
Authors: Jeong Kwang‐Un , Lim Jee Young , Lee Jong‐Young , Kang Seong Lak , Nah Changwoon 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPolymer nanocomposites reinforced with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been newly introduced for semiconducting layers of high‐voltage electrical power cables. Homogeneity of the MWCNT‐reinforced polymer nanocomposites was achieved by solution mixing, and their mechanical, thermal and electrical properties were investigated depending on the type of polymer. By changing the polymer matrix, the volume resistance of the MWCNT‐reinforced polymer nanocomposites could be varied by more than four orders of magnitude. Through systematic experiments and analysis, two possible factors affecting the volume resistance were found. One is the degree of crystallinity of the polymer used and the other is the change of MWCNT morphology under strain. By increasing the degree of crystallinity above a certain level, the volume resistance linearly increased. The MWCNTs embedded in the nanocomposites gradually protruded through the surface on stretching the sample and reversibly returned back to the original positions at a relatively small strain (below 20%). Based on the criteria of tensile properties and volume resistance, a poly[ethylene‐co‐(ethyl acrylate)]/MWCNT nanocomposite was selected as the best candidate for the semiconducting layers of high‐voltage electrical power cables. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Measurement and repeatability of interrupter resistance in unsedated newborn infants
Authors: Adams A.M. , Olden C. , Wertheim D. , Ives A. , Bridge P.D. , Lenton J. , Seddon P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInterrupter resistance (Rint) is a useful measure of airway caliber in young children, but has not been well characterized in infants—in whom there are concerns about the accurate measurement of driving pressure. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and repeatability of measuring Rint in unsedated newborn infants, and to explore alternative algorithms for calculating driving pressure. Rint measurement was attempted in 28 healthy term newborn infants during natural sleep using the MicroRint device. Paired Rint measurements were achieved in 24 infants, but after screening of waveforms only 15 infants had at least 5 technically acceptable waveforms on both measurements. Rint values obtained were comparable with reported values for airflow resistance in newborns using other methods. However, the repeatability coefficient (CR) was much higher than reported values in preschool children using standard back‐extrapolation algorithms, with CR 2.47 KPa L−1 sec (unscreened) and 2.93 KPa L−1 sec (screened). Other algorithms gave only marginally better repeatability, with all CR values over 50% of the mean Rint value. Using current commercially available equipment, Rint is too poorly repeatable to be a reliable measurement of airflow resistance in newborn infants. Lower deadspace equipment is needed, but anatomical and physiological factors in the infant are also important. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:1168–1173. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reference values for the 6‐min walk test in healthy children aged 6–12 years
Authors: Priesnitz Camila Varella , Rodrigues Geneviève Horak , da Silva Stumpf Carolina , Viapiana Giovana , Cabral Cristina Posteraro , Stein Renato Tetelbom , Marostica Paulo José Cauduro , Donadio Márcio Vinícius Fagundes 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo establish reference values for the 6‐min walk test in healthy children and adolescents aged 6–12 years.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, prospective study selected healthy children and adolescents aged 6–12 years, at three elementary schools in Porto Alegre. The anthropometric data of all the individuals were evaluated and two 6‐min walk tests were performed. Based on this, a reference equation was generated, and the test reproducibility was evaluated.ResultsOne hundred eighty‐eight children (92 boys) performed the test. Pearson correlation showed that age (r = 0.51), height (r = 0.49), difference in heart rate before and after the test (dif. HR) (r = 0.30), and weight (r = 0.29) were significantly correlated with the distance covered in 6 min. The best multiple regression model included these four variables resulting in the following equation: 145.343 + [11.78 × age (years)] + [292.22 × height (m)] + [0.611 × dif. HR (bpm)] − [2.684 × body weight (kg)]. The intraclass correlation coefficient confirmed the reproducibility among tests.ConclusionThe reference equation for the 6‐min walk test was generated and the distance covered is influenced by age, height, difference in heart rate before and after the test, and body weight. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:1174–1179. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HRCT and pulmonary function tests in monitoring of lung involvement in juvenile systemic sclerosis
Authors: Panigada Serena , Ravelli Angelo , Silvestri Michela , Granata Claudio , Magni‐Manzoni Silvia , Cerveri Isa , Dore Roberto , Tomà Paolo , Martini Alberto , Rossi Giovanni A. , Sacco Oliviero 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the role of high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in staging pulmonary involvement in juvenile systemic sclerosis (JSS).MethodsClinical charts of 17 JSS patients (pts) were reviewed and high‐resolution CT (HRCT) scans and PFTs performed at first and last visit were examined. Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity [DL(CO)] were measured (% pred. values) while HRCT changes were graded according to the Schurawitzki method (min–max score: 0–18).ResultsAt initial assessment, 10 pts (58.8%) had pulmonary involvement (HRCT score >0 and/or PFTs <80% pred. values). PTFs abnormalities were consistent with a restrictive defect, with low FEV1, FVC and DL(CO) values and normal FEV1/FVC ratio. At first visit HRCT scores were inversely correlated with FEV1 (r = −0.75; P = 0.02), FVC (r = −0.685; P = 0.035), and DL(CO) values (r = −0.71; P = 0.03), but not with the FEV1/FVC ratio (r = −0.36; P = 0.31). Stronger inverse correlations were detected at last visit (median time interval: 4.3 years; min–max: 1–10 years) between HRCT and FEV1 (r = −0.86; P = 0.002), FVC (r = −0.79; P = 0.009) and DL(CO) (r = −0.79; P = 0.009), but not with the FEV1/FVC ratio (r = −0.33; P = 0.35). Changes in HRCT scores between first and last visit were correlated with changes in FEV1 (r = −0.74; P = 0.02), FVC (r = −0.81; P = 0.007), but not in DL(CO) values (r = 0.07;P = 0.84). At the last visit, of the 10 pts with pulmonary involvement at initial assessment 5 showed worsening of lung involvement and 5 either no significant changes in PFTs and HRCT or mild improvement.ConclusionsPFTs, namely lung volumes, represent a reliable “monitoring” tool in children with JSS to identify pts that need to undergo an HRCT to rule out initial pulmonary involvement and to monitor the course of ILD over time. The weaker clinical value of DL(CO) may relate to poor lung function technique in some younger children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:1226–1234. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural surfactant combined with beclomethasone decreases oxidative lung injury in the preterm lamb
Authors: Dani Carlo , Corsini Iuri , Burchielli Silvia , Cangiamila Valentina , Longini Mariangela , Paternostro Ferdinando , Buonocore Giuseppe , Rubaltelli Firmino F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe performed a randomized study in preterm lambs to assess the hypothesis that the treatment with natural surfactant combined with beclomethasone might decrease pulmonary oxidative stress in an animal model of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Animals received 200 mg/kg of porcine natural surfactant or 200 mg/kg of natural surfactant combined with 400 or 800 µg/kg of beclomethasone. Lung tissue oxidation was studied by measuring total hydroperoxide (TH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and non‐protein bound iron (NPBI) in bronchial aspirate samples. In addition, lung mechanics was evaluated. TH was lower in the groups treated with surfactant plus 400 or 800 µg/kg of beclomethasone than in the surfactant group; AOPP was lower in the group treated with surfactant plus 800 µg/kg of beclomethasone than in the other groups; NPBI was similar in all groups. Surfactant treatment was followed by a sustained improvement of tidal volume (TV) and airway resistance, while dynamic compliance did not vary. However, the mean airway pressure needed to obtain similar values of TV was lower in the group treated with surfactant plus 800 µg/kg of beclomethasone than in other groups. We concluded that natural surfactant combined with beclomethasone at 800 µg/kg is effective in reducing the oxidative lung stress and improving the respiratory function in an animal model of RDS. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:1159–1167. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction among variant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor in relation to prostate cancer risk
Authors: VanCleave Tiva T. , Moore Jason H. , Benford Marnita L. , Brock Guy N. , Kalbfleisch Ted , Baumgartner Richard N. , Lillard James W. , Kittles Rick A. , Kidd La Creis R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality are disproportionately high among African‐American (AA) men. Its detection and perhaps its disparities could be improved through the identification of genetic susceptibility biomarkers within essential biological pathways. Interactions among highly variant genes, central to angiogenesis, may modulate susceptibility for prostate cancer, as previous demonstrated. This study evaluates the interplay among three highly variant genes (i.e., IL‐10, TGFβR‐1, VEGF), their receptors and their influence on PCa within a case‐control study consisting of an under‐served population.METHODSThis study evaluated single gene and joint modifying effects on PCa risk in a case‐control study comprised of 859 AA men (193 cases and 666 controls) using TaqMan qPCR. Interaction among polymorphic IL‐10, TGFβR‐1 and VEGF was analyzed using conventional logistic regression analysis (LR) models, multi‐dimensionality reduction (MDR) and interaction entropy graphs. Symbolic modeling allowed validation of gene–gene interaction findings identified by MDR.RESULTSNo significant single gene effects were demonstrated in relation to PCa risk. However, carriers of the VEGF 2482T allele had a threefold increase in the risk of developing aggressive PCa. The presence of VEGF 2482T combined with VEGFR IVS6 + 54 loci were highly significant for the risk of PCa based on MDR and symbolic modeling analyses. These findings were substantiated by 1,000‐fold cross validation permutation testing (P = 0.04), respectively.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest the inheritance of VEGF and VEGFR IVS6 + 54 sequence variants may jointly modify PCa susceptibility through their influence on angiogenesis. Larger sub‐population studies are needed to validate these findings and evaluate whether the VEGF‐VEGR axis may serve as predictors of disease prognosis and ultimately clinical response to available treatment strategies. Prostate 70: 341–352, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FT‐Raman characterization of the antipodal bis‐adduct of C60 and anthracene
Authors: Pfeiffer Rudolf , Kramberger Christian , Peterlik Herwig , Kuzmany Hans , Kräutler Bernhard , Melle‐Franco Manuel , Zerbetto Francesco 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe studied the mono‐ and the antipodal bis‐adduct of C60 and anthracene with FT‐Raman spectroscopy. Due to the reduced symmetry, the adducts have a much larger number of Raman‐active modes than C60 with its icosahedral symmetry. Especially interesting is the fact that in the region of the C60 pentagonal pinch mode (PPM) the adducts show two strong peaks, of which the higher one is almost at the same frequency as the C60 mode and the lower one is downshifted by 5.4 and 10.5 cm−1 for the mono‐ and bis‐adduct, respectively. The higher frequency peak could be explained by a degradation of the adducts into C60. However, calculated Raman spectra of the pure adducts also show two strong peaks in the PPM region, of which the higher frequency one is not PPM related. Finally, the C–H vibrations are the only clear evidence for anthracene in the adduct spectra.
Calculation of curvature effects and hybridization in zigzag carbon nanotubes
Authors: László I. , Zsoldos I. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe have studied the hybridization and curvature effects of zigzag nanotubes in the framework of π‐tight‐binding (πTB) approximation. Three parameters were used for the first neighbor interactions. By adjusting the hoping parameters to the results calculated in all‐valence tight‐binding (AVTB) method we could obtain metallic electronic structure for the (5,0) nanotube.
Towards electron spin resonance of mechanically exfoliated graphene
Authors: Ćirić Luka , Sienkiewicz Andrzej , Náfrádi Bálint , Mionić Marijana , Magrez Arnaud , Forró László 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe have attempted to prepare graphene samples by mechanical exfoliation of HOPG (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite) using scotch tape. Random testing of the flakes by AFM has shown in majority single layer graphene. Nevertheless, the presence of ultrathine graphite cannot be excluded in the large assembly of flakes needed for electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. Graphene flakes sitting on ESR‐silent scotch tapes were stacked parallel to form a multilayer sandwich. The ESR measurements performed in the 4–300 K range yielded narrow Lorentzian line. The spin susceptibility was decreasing linearly with decreasing temperature as expected for the conical band dispersion of graphene. Below 70 K the spin susceptibility started to deviate from the linear temperature dependence and a Curie‐like behavior was observed. This contribution to the susceptibility is due to the existence of defects or impurities, which are in strong exchange coupling limit with conduction electrons. The temperature dependence of the linewidth suggests Elliott's mechanism for spin relaxation in graphene flakes.
High quality SWCNT synthesis in the presence of NH3 using a vertical flow aerosol reactor
Authors: Susi Toma , Nasibulin Albert G. , Ayala Paola , Tian Ying , Zhu Zhen , Jiang Hua , Roquelet Cyrielle , Garrot Damien , Lauret Jean‐Sébastien , Kauppinen Esko I. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHigh quality single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were synthesized in the presence of ammonia (NH3) using a vertical flow aerosol reactor and collected directly from the gas phase in a simple continuous process. The morphology of the carbon network and the quality of the SWCNTs was investigated combining local and overall probes such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), Raman, and optical absorption.magnified imageRepresentative STM image of a SWCNT synthesized by aerosol CVD (8 × 2 nm2, measured at a bias of 1 V and a tunneling current of 0.2 nA).
Deuterium accumulation within nano‐structured layers in Si:He upon plasma treatment
Authors: Misiuk Andrzej , Ulyashin Alexander , Barcz Adam , Romanowski Przemyslaw , Bak‐Misiuk Jadwiga 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSilicon implanted with He+ ions (Si:He, energy of He+ equal to 300 keV, dose 5x1015 cm‐2), and subsequently processed at up to 1270 K (HT), also under hydrostatic pressure (HP) up to 1.1 GPa, accumulates deuterium from RF deuterium plasma (3x102 Pa, treatment for 1 h). As determined by AFM, X‐Ray and SIMS measurements, Si:He,D containing buried nano‐structured spongy‐like layer is produced in effect of such processing. Depending on HT and HP, local concentration of deuterium in Si:He,D after plasma treatment can reach 1019 cm‐3. Deuterium forms bonds with silicon and gettered oxygen. Subsequent annealing of Si:He,D at 723 K leads to specific structure‐dependent release and redistribution of deuterium. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of field plate on buffer trapping in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
Authors: Nakajima Atsushi , Itagaki Keiichi , Horio Kazushige 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo‐dimensional transient analysis of field‐plate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs is performed in which a deep donor and a deep acceptor are considered in a semi‐insulating buffer layer. It is shown that drain lag is reduced by introducing a field plate, because the buffer‐trapping effects are reduced. It is also shown that buffer‐related lag phenomena and current collapse are also reduced in the field‐plate structure. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anticonvulsant Activity of Ringed Enaminones: A QSAR Study
Authors: Martinez Juan C. Garro , Duchowicz Pablo R. , Estrada Mario R. , Zamarbide Graciela N. , Castro Eduardo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe formalism of the QSAR Theory is employed to establish mathematical relationships that link the molecular structure of ringed enaminones to their observed antiepileptic activity. The design of predictive linear regression models, solely based on the available experimental information, involved the simultaneous analysis of 1312 theoretical descriptors calculated with Dragon software. This QSAR study that is based both on classic antiepileptics and second‐generation anticonvulsant drugs, including compounds of the enaminone type, allowed the proposal of novel ringed enaminone derivatives as possible antiepileptic agents, posing a similar or even better predicted biological activity when compared to other commonly used drugs.
Nanolocomotion—Catalytic Nanomotors and Nanorotors
Authors: Mirkovic Tihana , Zacharia Nicole S. , Scholes Gregory D. , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNature's nanomachines, built of dynamically integrated biochemical components, powered by energy‐rich biochemical processes, and designed to perform a useful task, have evolved over millions of years. They provide the foundation of all living systems on our planet today. Yet synthetic nanomotors, driven by simple chemical reactions and which could function as building blocks for synthetic nanomachines that can perform useful tasks, have been discovered only in the last few years. Why did it take so long to power‐up a myriad of synthetic nanostructures from their well‐known static states to new and exciting dynamic ones of the kind that abound in nature? This article will delve into this disconnect between the world of biological and abiological nanomotors, then take a look at some recent developments involving chemically powered nanoscale motors and rotors, and finally try to imagine: what's next for nanolocomotion?
Activated Local Immunity by CC Chemokine Ligand 19-Transduced Embryonic Endothelial Progenitor Cells Suppresses Metastasis of Murine Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Hamanishi Junzo , Mandai Masaki , Matsumura Noriomi , Baba Tsukasa , Yamaguchi Ken , Fujii Shingo , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAlthough tumor microenvironments play a key role in successful tumor immunotherapy, effective manipulation of local immunity is difficult because of the lack of an appropriate target system. It is well known that bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are actively recruited during tumor angiogenesis. Using this feature, we attempted to establish a novel therapeutic modality that targets tumor vessels of multiple metastases using embryonic endothelial progenitor cells (eEPCs) transduced with an immune-activating gene. The eEPCs were retrovirally transduced with the mouse CC chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) gene, a lymphocyte-migrating chemokine. The mouse ovarian cancer cell line OV2944-HM-1 (HM-1) was inoculated subcutaneously into B6C3F1 mice, along with CCL19-tranduced eEPCs (eEPC-CCL19), resulting in immunologic activity and tumor-inhibitory effects. In this model, eEPC-CCL19 showed tumor repression accompanied by increased tumor-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes compared with the control group. In contrast, no tumor repression was observed when the same experiment was done in immunodeficient (SCID) mice, suggesting a crucial role of T-cell function in this system. Next, we established a lung metastasis model by injecting HM-1 cells or B16 melanoma cells via the tail vein. Subsequent intravenous injection of eEPC-CCL19 leads to a decrease in the number of lung metastasis and prolonged survival. Antitumor effects were also observed in a peritoneal dissemination model using HM-1. These results suggest that systemic delivery of an immune-activating signal using EPCs can alter the tumor immune microenvironment and lead to a therapeutic effect, which may provide a novel strategy for targeting multiple metastases of various malignancies.
First‐trimester fetal nasal bone audit: evaluation of a novel method of image assessment
Authors: McLennan A. , Schluter P. J. , Pincham V. , Hyett J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectivesAbsence of the nasal bone has been recognized to be a strong ultrasound marker for Down syndrome and its inclusion in combined first‐trimester screening would increase the sensitivity and specificity of this test. We describe the development of a method of image scoring that should allow reliable assessment of practitioners submitting themselves to peer review for nasal bone imaging.MethodsTwenty sonographers submitted 20 images demonstrating the presence of the nasal bone for quality assurance audit. Image quality was compared with the criteria described by The Fetal Medicine Foundation. Three raters scored the images on four separate occasions. On the first two occasions all 400 images were assessed qualitatively and given a simple pass/fail score. On the third and fourth occasions, five images from each of the 20 sets were scored objectively for five criteria by each of the three raters, with a cut‐off applied to the scores generated. The reliability of these image assessment techniques was compared statistically.ResultsThrough quantitative assessment, 84% of images were judged in the same manner by three raters on two separate occasions and in 94% of cases five of these six ratings drew the same conclusion. Rates of intrarater and inter‐rater agreement were significantly better using quantitative rather than qualitative techniques.ConclusionsThis study has shown that clearly defined assessment criteria together with a quantitative scoring method improve the reliability of expert peer review. The quantitative method is recommended as the basis for future nasal bone image audit. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation and characterization of Candida kefyr orotidine‐5′‐phosphate decarboxylase (URA3) gene
Authors: Tsang Paul Wai‐Kei , Wong Kin‐Sing , Chu Jennifer Ka‐Man 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCandida kefyr is a common yeast species that can be found in fermented milk and cheeses. As a first step to developing a gene transfer system for C. kefyr, the orotidine‐5′‐phosphate decarboxylase (URA3) gene was cloned, using degenerate PCR and genome walking. The uninterrupted open reading frame of the C. kefyr URA3 gene spans 801 bp, corresponding to 267 amino acid residues. The functionality of the gene was confirmed by complementation of ura3 auxotrophs of C. albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence indicated that it shares a high degree of homology with other Candida URA3 homologues. The GenBank Accession No. of the C. kefyr URA3 gene is FJ914763. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.