bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coverage and Quality of Oral Cancer Information in Selected Popular Press: May 1998 to July 2003
Authors: Graham Jalaima A. , Horowitz Alice M. , Canto Maria T. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT Objectives: A 1998 study demonstrated a lack of coverage about oral cancer in the popular press between April 1987 and April 1997. Since that study, several oral cancer‐related activities took place, many of which could have increased the media's attention to oral cancer. Therefore, this study analyzed coverage and quality of oral cancer information in selected popular press between May 1998 and July 2003. Methods: Articles from magazines and newspapers were retrieved from three databases and were analyzed by specific topics and subtopics for adequacy of content and accuracy of information. Articles were categorized as either “primarily oral cancer‐related” or “primarily tobacco‐related.”Results: Sixty articles were identified, 39 of which were included in the analysis (14 magazines; 25 newspapers). Seventeen articles were “primarily oral cancer‐related,” and 22 were “primarily tobacco‐related.” Seventy‐two percent of the articles mentioned at least one risk factor for oral cancer, the most common being tobacco use (69%). Far fewer articles noted alcohol (10%) or the combined use of tobacco and alcohol (5%) as risk factors. Only 8 percent of the articles recommended an oral cancer examination. Conclusion: Despite local and limited national efforts and activities aimed at increasing public awareness of oral cancer, the popular press coverage of those activities was minimal or nonexistent. [J Public Health Dent 2004;64(4):231–36]
Dental treatment of children with Angelman syndrome: a case report
Authors: Murakami Christiana , Corrêa Maria Salete Nahás Pires , Corrêa Fernanda Nahás Pires , Corrêa José Paulo Nahás Pires 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAngelman syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic neurological disorder. The main clinical characteristics of this syndrome are delayed neuropsychological development, intellectual disability, speech impairment, movement or balance disorder, and a behavioural uniqueness. The syndrome has oral manifestations such as diastemas, tongue thrusting, sucking/swallowing disorder, mandibular prognathism, a wide mouth, frequent drooling, and excessive chewing behaviour. The dental literature on the syndrome is scarce. The purpose of paper is to describe the interesting aspects of the dental treatment of a child with AS.
Targeting Fibrosis for the Treatment of Heart Failure: A Role for Transforming Growth Factor‐β
Authors: Edgley Amanda J , Krum Henry , Kelly Darren J 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYChronic heart failure (CHF) is a growing health problem in developed nations. The pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix is a key contributor to CHF in both diabetic and nondiabetic states, resulting in progressive stiffening of the ventricular walls and loss of contractility. Proinflammatory disease processes, including inflammatory cytokine activation, contribute to accumulation of extracellular matrix in the heart. Transforming growth factor‐β is a key profibrotic cytokine mediating fibrosis. Current therapeutic strategies do not directly target the profibrotic inflammatory processes occurring in the heart and hence there is a clear unmet clinical need to develop new therapeutic agents targeting fibrosis. Accordingly, strategies that inhibit proinflammatory cytokine activation and pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) provide a potential therapeutic target for prevention of heart failure. This review focuses on the therapeutic targeting of TGF‐β in the prevention of pathological fibrosis in the heart.
The Rapid Inversion of 3‐D Potential Field and Program Design
Authors: Rui Feng , Huifen Yan , Ruoshui Zhang 
Published: September 2010

Abstract The application of three‐dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic fields is very important not only in geophysical researches, but also in the study of geological structures. A formula of potential field in frequency‐domain, developed by Parker in 1973, can be used as a rapid and effective algorithm in gravity and magnetic inversion. The technique has been improved then by Oldenburg, Sprenke, Feng and others.In addition to a brief introduction of Parker's algorithm and its applications, this paper includes the following five parts: basic computational techniques, inversion of single layer, convergence and constraints, simultaneous inversion for density and topography as well as inversion of multilayers. The authors present relevant practical iterative formulas and its varieties when density distribution varies with depth in linear or exponential relation. In order to maintain computation stability and speed up iteration convergence, some approaches are taken in the program design, for instance shifting lower interface of the studied layer, inverting corrections of topography, reducing grid boundary effects and utilizing low‐pass filter. With the consideration of the nonuniqueness of the inversion, a method of using seismic data to constrain the range of possible models is discussed. It is pointed out that the density variation generates less effects than those of topography on the spectrum of gravity anomaly in second order. Therefore density contrast and topography can be inverted simultaneously by an alternative weighting iteration. By analogy, the inversion of multilayer model can be done in the above procedure. An approach of model decomposition is useful in the computation of multilayer model. The techniques discussed in the present paper for gravitational field are also valid for magnetic field.
Gold Deposits in Precambrian Banded Iron‐Formations — A Case Study of the Dongfengshan Gold Deposit1
Authors: Jinglan Liu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper deals with a preliminary study of 13 localities of Precambrian iron‐formations in the Jiamusi median massif and determination of the gold content of 391 samples. It has been ascertained that the gold deposits are strictly controlled by the iron‐formations and exhibit obvious stratabound features. On that basis, the paper principally discusses gold migration and enrichment. Abundant Mn and Co are contained in primary sediments of the Dongfengshan‐type gold deposits, which strongly supports and supplements the idea that the gold deposits of the same kind in the world are of metamorphosed volcano‐exhalative‐sedimentary origin.
Animality and Agency: A Kantian Approach to Abortion
Authors: DENIS LARA 
Published: September 2010

This paper situates abortion in the context of women’s duties to themselves. I argue that the fundamental Kantian requirement to respect oneself as a rational being, combined with Kant’s view of our animal nature, form the basis for a view of pregnancy and abortion that focuses on women’s agency and characters without diminishing the importance of their bodies and emotions. The Kantian view of abortion that emerges takes abortion to be morally problematic, but sometimes permissible, and sometimes even required.After sketching Kant’s account of duties to oneself, I discuss the challenges pregnancy poses to women’s agency. I then argue that abortion is morally problematic because it is antagonistic to an important subset of morally useful emotions that we have self‐regarding duties to protect and cultivate; thus, there is a rebuttable deliberative presumption against maxims of abortion for inclination‐based ends. I close by considering objections.
Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Antigen Concentrations of the Mtb72F/AS02ACandidate Tuberculosis Vaccine in Purified Protein Derivative-Negative Adults
Authors: Leroux-Roels Isabel , Leroux-Roels Geert , Ofori-Anyinam Opokua , Moris Philippe , De Kock Els , Clement Frédéric , Dubois Marie-Claude , Koutsoukos Marguerite , Demoitié Marie-Ange , Cohen Joe , Ballou W. Ripley 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTTuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of illness and death worldwide, making a new TB vaccine an urgent public health priority. Purified protein derivative (PPD)-negative adults (n= 50) were equally randomized to receive 3 doses at 1-month intervals (at 0, 1, and 2 months) of one of the following vaccines: Mtb72F/AS02A(10 or 40 μg antigen), Mtb72F/saline (10 or 40 μg antigen), or AS02A. Mtb72F/AS02Arecipients received an additional dose 1 year after the first dose to evaluate if the elicited immune response could be boosted. Mtb72F/AS02Avaccines were locally reactogenic but clinically well tolerated, with transient adverse events (usually lasting between 1 and 4 days) that resolved without sequelae being observed. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. Vaccination with Mtb72F/AS02Ainduced a strong Mtb72F-specific humoral response and a robust Mtb72F-specific CD4+T-cell response, both of which persisted at 9 months after primary immunization and for 1 year after the booster immunization. There was no significant difference between the magnitude of the CD4+T-cell response induced by the 10-μg and 40-μg Mtb72F/AS02Avaccines. The Mtb72F-specific CD4+T cells predominantly expressed CD40L; CD40L and interleukin-2 (IL-2); CD40L and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α); CD40L, IL-2, and TNF-α; and CD40L, IL-2, TNF-α, and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Serum IFN-γ, but not TNF-α, was detected 1 day after doses 2 and 3 for the Mtb72F/AS02Avaccine but did not persist. Vaccine-induced CD8+T-cell responses were not detected, and no immune responses were elicited with AS02Aalone. In conclusion, Mtb72F/AS02Ais clinically well tolerated and is highly immunogenic in TB-naïve adults. The 10- and 40-μg Mtb72F/AS02Avaccines show comparable safety and immunogenicity profiles.
Responses to a Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine in Preterm Infants Immunized at 2, 3, and 4 Months of Age
Authors: Moss S. J. , Fenton A. C. , Toomey J. A. , Grainger A. J. , Smith J. , Gennery A. R. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Preterm infants are at an increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease infection and, additionally, have a diminished response to
Haemophilus influenzae
type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines. There are little data examining the response of preterm infants to a seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). We examined the responses of preterm infants immunized at 2, 3, and 4 months of age to PCV7. A total of 133 preterm and 54 term infants were immunized with PCV7 and the
Neisseria meningitidis
group C (MCC), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, and Hib vaccines. Pneumococcal serotype-specific IgG was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) pre- and postimmunization and at 12 months or following a booster of PCV7. Term and preterm responses were compared using linear and logistic regression analyses. Term infants had higher preimmunization geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) for all serotypes. Preterm infants had lower postimmunization GMCs for serotype 23F. Gestational age affected postimmunization GMCs for serotypes 4, 6B, and 23F. Preterm infants were as likely to have levels of ≥0.35 μg/ml as term infants for all serotypes except 23F. The proportions of infants with titers of ≥0.35 μg/ml for all 7 serotypes were comparable between groups. A total of 28 of 29 term infants who received a booster had levels of ≥0.35 μg/ml for all serotypes. One infant had undetectable levels for serotype 6B. Of the 32 preterm infants boosted, 9 had levels of <0.35 μg/ml for 1 serotype, and 1 had levels of <0.35 μg/ml for 2 serotypes. In nonboosted infants, GMCs for all serotypes except 6B had fallen by 12 months of age. These results support the need for a booster dose in the second year of life.
Recombinant PorA, the Major Outer Membrane Protein ofCampylobacter jejuni, Provides Heterologous Protection in an Adult Mouse Intestinal Colonization Model
Authors: Islam Anjum , Raghupathy Raj , Albert M. John 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTImmunity againstCampylobacter jejuni, a major food-borne pathogen causing diarrhea, is largely serotype specific. The major outer membrane protein (MOMP) ofC. jejuni, PorA, is a common antigen with the potential to provide broad protection. Adult BALB/c mice were orally immunized with a recombinant glutathioneS-transferase (GST) fused to PorA prepared fromCampylobacter jejuniC31 (O:6,7) (GST-PorA) combined with a modified heat-labile enterotoxin ofEscherichia colias an adjuvant and later orally challenged with C31 strain or three heterologous strains: 48 (O:19), 75 (O:3), and 111 (O:1,44). Protection from colonization with the challenge organism was studied by fecal screening daily for 9 days. Serum and intestinal lavage fluid antibodies against the vaccine and Sarkosyl-purified MOMP from C31 were measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The vaccine produced robust antibody responses against both antigens in serum and secretion. Since strain C31 was a poor colonizer, homologous protection could not be studied. The protective efficacies of heterologous strains were 43% (for strain 48,P< 0.001), 29% (for strain 75,P< 0.005), and 42% (for strain 111,P< 0.001) for the 9-day period compared to control mice given phosphate-buffered saline. Thus, PorA provided appreciable protection against colonization with heterologous serotypes.
PsrP, a Protective Pneumococcal Antigen, Is Highly Prevalent in Children with Pneumonia and Is Strongly Associated with Clonal Type
Authors: Muñoz-Almagro Carmen , Selva Laura , Sanchez Carlos J. , Esteva Cristina , de Sevilla Mariona F. , Pallares Roman , Orihuela Carlos J. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a major health problem worldwide. Due to ongoing serotype replacement, current efforts are focused in an attempt to identify the pneumococcal antigens that could be used in a next-generation multivalent protein vaccine. The objective of our study was to use real-time PCR to determine the distribution and clonal type variability of PsrP, a protective pneumococcal antigen, among pneumococcal isolates from children with IPD or healthy nasopharyngeal carriers.
psrP
was detected in 52.4% of the 441 strains tested. While no differences were determined when the prevalence of
psrP
in colonizing strains (
n
= 89) versus that in all invasive strains (
n
= 352) was compared, a strong trend was observed when the prevalence of
psrP
in all pneumonia isolates (
n
= 209) and colonizing isolates (
P
= 0.067) was compared, and a significant difference was observed when the prevalence in all pneumonia isolates and those causing bacteremia (
n
= 76) was compared (
P
= 0.001). An age-dependent distribution of
psrP
was also observed, with the incidence of
psrP
being the greatest in strains isolated from children >2 years of age (
P
= 0.02). Strikingly, the presence of
psrP
within a serotype was highly dependent on the clonotype, with all isolates of invasive clones such as clonal complex 306 carrying
psrP
(
n
= 88), whereas for sequence type 304, only 1 of 19 isolates carried
psrP
; moreover, this was inversely correlated with antibiotic susceptibility. This finding suggests that inclusion of
psrP
in a vaccine formulation would not target resistant strains. We conclude that
psrP
is highly prevalent in strains that cause IPD but is most prevalent in strains isolated from older children with pneumonia. These data support the potential use of PsrP as one component in a multivalent protein-based vaccine.
Evaluation of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Identification ofNocardiaSpecies
Authors: Verroken A. , Janssens M. , Berhin C. , Bogaerts P. , Huang T.-D. , Wauters G. , Glupczynski Y. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe identification ofNocardiaspecies, usually based on biochemical tests together with phenotypicin vitrosusceptibility and resistance patterns, is a difficult and lengthy process owing to the slow growth and limited reactivity of these bacteria. In this study, a panel of 153 clinical and reference strains ofNocardiaspp., altogether representing 19 different species, were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). As reference methods for species identification, full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypical biochemical and enzymatic tests were used. In a first step, a complementary homemade reference database was established by the analysis of 110Nocardiaisolates (pretreated with 30 min of boiling and extraction) in the MALDI BioTyper software according to the manufacturer's recommendations for microflex measurement (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Leipzig, Germany), generating a dendrogram with species-specific cluster patterns. In a second step, the MALDI BioTyper database and the generated database were challenged with 43 blind-coded clinical isolates ofNocardiaspp. Following addition of the homemade database in the BioTyper software, MALDI-TOF MS provided reliable identification to the species level for five species of which more than a single isolate was analyzed. Correct identification was achieved for 38 of the 43 isolates (88%), including 34 strains identified to the species level and 4 strains identified to the genus level according to the manufacturer's log score specifications. These data suggest that MALDI-TOF MS has potential for use as a rapid (<1 h) and reliable method for the identification ofNocardiaspecies without any substantial costs for consumables.
Initial Identification and Characterization of an Emerging Zoonotic Influenza Virus Prior to Pandemic Spread
Authors: Metzgar David , Baynes Darcie , Myers Christopher A. , Kammerer Peter , Unabia Michelle , Faix Dennis J. , Blair Patrick J. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT
Two cases of febrile respiratory illness associated with untypeable influenza A virus were identified in Southern California in March 2009. One was initially detected as influenza virus using an experimental diagnostic device in a clinical trial, while the other was detected at a local reference lab using a diagnostic PCR assay. In both cases, analyses yielded negative results for strain-specific tests targeting circulating strains of influenza A virus (seasonal H1 and H3). These two samples became the first reported cases of the pandemic 2009/H1N1 influenza virus. The first reportable characterization was made from the second collected specimen on 15 April 2009 at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention central lab using traditional culture and sequencing methods. The novel nature of the strain and its apparent zoonotic origins were initially characterized using the first collected specimen at the Naval Health Research Center in San Diego, CA, on 13 April using an experimental molecular analysis tool, PCR electro-spray ionization-mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS), designed to amplify PCR products from any strain of influenza virus and to generate informative (phylogenetic) strain identifications through mass spectrometry of PCR amplicons. The ability of this high-throughput tool to correctly identify both well-characterized and novel influenza strains offers the possibility to integrate surveillance for emerging strains with on-site rapid diagnosis used for patient management, shortening the times between the emergence of new strains, their detection and identification, and appropriate public health response activities. Here we describe the initial characterization of the pandemic 2009/H1N1 influenza strain and discuss the possible roles of diagnostic tools with discovery potential.
Evaluation of
Escherichia coli
Cell Response to Antibiotic Treatment by Use of Raman Spectroscopy with Laser Tweezers
Authors: Moritz Tobias J. , Polage Christopher R. , Taylor Douglas S. , Krol Denise M. , Lane Stephen M. , Chan James W. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy was used to detect the cellular response of
Escherichia coli
cells to penicillin G-streptomycin and cefazolin. Time-dependent intensity changes of several Raman peaks at 729, 1,245, and 1,660 cm
−1
enabled untreated cells and cells treated with the different antibiotic drugs to be distinguished.
Thogoto Virus Infection Induces Sustained Type I Interferon Responses That Depend on RIG-I-Like Helicase Signaling of Conventional Dendritic Cells
Authors: Kochs Georg , Bauer Stefanie , Vogt Carola , Frenz Theresa , Tschopp Jürg , Kalinke Ulrich , Waibler Zoe 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT
Type I interferon (IFN-α/β) induction upon viral infection contributes to the early antiviral host defense and ensures survival until the onset of adaptive immunity. Many viral infections lead to an acute, transient IFN expression which peaks a few hours after infection and reverts to initial levels after 24 to 36 h. Robust IFN expression often is conferred by specialized plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and may depend on positive-feedback amplification via the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR). Here, we show that mice infected with Thogoto virus (THOV), which is an influenza virus-like orthomyxovirus transmitted by ticks, mounted sustained IFN responses that persisted up to 72 h after infection. For this purpose, we used a variant of THOV lacking its IFN-antagonistic protein ML, an elongated version of the matrix (M) protein [THOV(ΔML)]. Of note, large amounts of type I IFN were also found in the serum of mice lacking the IFNAR. Early IFN-α expression seemed to depend on Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, whereas prolonged IFN-α responses strictly depended on RIG-I-like helicase (RLH) signaling. Unexpectedly, THOV(ΔML)-infected bone marrow-derived pDC (BM-pDC) produced only moderate IFN levels, whereas myeloid DC (BM-mDC) showed massive IFN induction that was IPS-1-dependent, suggesting that BM-mDC are involved in the massive, sustained IFN production in THOV(ΔML)-infected animals. Thus, our data are compatible with the model that THOV(ΔML) infection is sensed in the acute phase via TLR and RLH systems, whereas at later time points only RLH signaling is responsible for the induction of sustained IFN responses.
Calcium Flux between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrion Contributes to Poliovirus-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Brisac Cynthia , Téoulé François , Autret Arnaud , Pelletier Isabelle , Colbère-Garapin Florence , Brenner Catherine , Lemaire Christophe , Blondel Bruno 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

We show that poliovirus (PV) infection induces an increase in cytosolic calcium (Ca
2+
) concentration in neuroblastoma IMR5 cells, at least partly through Ca
2+
release from the endoplasmic reticulum lumen via the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP
3
R) and ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels. This leads to Ca
2+
accumulation in mitochondria through the mitochondrial Ca
2+
uniporter and the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). This increase in mitochondrial Ca
2+
concentration in PV-infected cells leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis.