bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐grade gliomas in older patients
Authors: Schomas David A. , Laack Nadia N. , Brown Paul D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Low‐grade gliomas (LGGs) are uncommon in older patients, and long‐term clinical behavior and prognostic factors are not well defined in this group.METHODS:The authors retrospectively searched their tumor registry for the records of adult patients (≥18 years) diagnosed as having nonpilocytic LGG between 1960 and 1992 at Mayo Clinic. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to estimate progression‐free survival and overall survival (OS) in patients aged 55 years and older.RESULTS:Of 314 patients initially identified, 32 were aged at least 55 years, with a median age at diagnosis of 61 years (range, 55‐74 years). Median follow‐up was 17.3 years for survivors. Operative pathologic diagnoses comprised astrocytoma (n = 22, 69%), mixed oligoastrocytoma (n = 7, 22%), and oligodendroglioma (n = 3, 9%). Gross total resection was achieved in 1 patient, radical subtotal resection in 1, and subtotal resection in 14; 16 patients had biopsy only. Postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy was given to 23 (72%) patients and 1 (3%) patient, respectively. Median OS was 2.7 years for all patients: 3 years with resection and 2.2 years with biopsy only (P = .58). The 5‐ and 10‐year OS rates were 31% and 18%, respectively. Factors adversely affecting OS on univariate analysis were enhancement on computed tomography (P < .001) and supratentorial location (P = .03).CONCLUSIONS:This retrospective series of older patients suggests that intracranial LGG in this age group behaves aggressively. Pathologic sampling error failing to recognize higher‐grade tumors does not seem to account for these poor outcomes. Aggressive management with maximally safe resection followed by adjuvant therapy should be strongly considered. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Key concerns about the current state of bladder cancer
Authors: Lotan Yair , Kamat Ashish M. , Porter Michael P. , Robinson Victoria L. , Shore Neal , Jewett Michael , Schelhammer Paul F. , White Ralph deVere , Quale Diane , Lee Cheryl T. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the United States and, on a per capita basis, is the most expensive cancer from diagnosis to death. Unfortunately, National Cancer Institute funding for bladder cancer is quite low when compared with other common malignancies. Limited funding has stifled research opportunities for new and established investigators, ultimately encouraging them to redirect research efforts to other organ sites. Waning interest of scientists has further fueled the cycle of modest funding for bladder cancer. One important consequence of this has been a lack of scientific advancement in the field. Patient advocates have decidedly advanced research efforts in many cancer sites. Breast, prostate, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer advocates have organized highly successful campaigns to lobby the federal government and the medical community to devote increased attention and funding to understudied malignancies and to conduct relevant studies to better understand the therapy, diagnosis, and prevention of these diseases. Bladder cancer survivors have lacked a coordinated advocacy voice until recently. A concerted effort to align bladder cancer advocates, clinicians, and urologic organizations is essential to define the greatest needs in bladder cancer and to develop related solutions. This position paper represents a collaborative discussion to define the most concerning trends and greatest needs in the field of bladder cancer as outlined by the Bladder Cancer Think Tank, the Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network, and the Society of Urologic Oncology. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Sex‐specific attention problems in long‐term survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jain Neelam , Brouwers Pim , Okcu M. Fatih , Cirino Paul T. , Krull Kevin R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Neurocognitive problems are a frequent outcome of chemotherapy for pediatric leukemia, although individual differences exist in patient outcome. Sex of the patient and age at diagnosis are 2 characteristics that have been associated with differential outcomes. The relation between these patient characteristics and specific attention deficits (ie, initiating, inhibiting, shifting, focusing, sustaining attention, and working memory) has not been well researched. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern of attention problems in male and female long‐term survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).METHODS:One hundred three long‐term survivors (ie, ≥5 years from diagnosis; 51% boys, mean age at diagnosis of 3.9 years, and mean time since diagnosis 7.5 years) completed standardized measures of basic and complex attention skills related to anterior (ie, inhibition, shifting attention, working memory), posterior (ie, focusing), and subcortical brain systems (ie, sustaining).RESULTS:Treatment intensity was related to sustained attention, with those patients treated on high‐risk protocols displaying significantly lower performance. Girls performed worse than boys on measures related to the anterior attention system (ie, shifting attention, P < .042) and the subcortical attention system (ie, sustained attention, P < .001), whereas boys performed worse than girls on different measures of anterior control (ie, inhibition, P < .039; working memory, P < .003).CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study suggest that children diagnosed with and treated for pediatric ALL perform poorly on select measures of attention and executive control, and that this performance is influenced by sex and treatment intensity. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Expression profiling of ependymomas unravels localization and tumor grade‐specific tumorigenesis
Authors: Palm Thomas , Figarella‐Branger Dominique , Chapon Françoise , Lacroix Catherine , Gray Françoise , Scaravilli Francesco , Ellison David W. , Salmon Isabelle , Vikkula Miikka , Godfraind Catherine 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Ependymomas derive from ependymal cells that cover the cerebral ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord. The molecular alterations leading to ependymomal oncogenesis are not completely understood.METHODS:The authors performed array‐based expression profiling on a series of 34 frozen ependymal tumors with different localizations and histologic grades. Data were analyzed by nonsupervised and supervised clustering methods along with Gene Ontology and Pathway Analyzer tools.RESULTS:Class discovery experiments indicated a strong correlation between profiles and tumor localization as well as World Health Organization (WHO) tumor grades. On the basis of supervised clustering, intracranial ependymomas were associated with high expression levels of Notch, Hedgehog, and bone morphogenetic protein pathway members. In contrast, most of the homeobox‐containing genes manifested high expression in extracranial ependymomas. The results also revealed that WHO grade 2 ependymomas differed from WHO grade 3 ependymomas by genes implicated in Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, cell cycle, E2F transcription factor 1 destruction, angiogenesis, apoptosis, remodeling of adherens junctions, and mitotic spindle formation.CONCLUSIONS:Taken together, the tumor localization‐related gene sets mainly implicated in stem cell maintenance, renewal, and differentiation suggest the dysregulation of localized cancer stem cells during ependymoma development. The WHO grade differentiating pathways suggested that alteration of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway is a key event in the tumorigenesis of WHO grade 3 ependymomas. On the basis of the current data, the authors suggest a developmental scheme of ependymomas that integrates tumor localization and tumor grades, and that pinpoints new targets for the development of future therapeutic approaches. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization as adjuncts to cytology in the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Factor Rachel E. , Dal Cin Paola , Fletcher Jonathan A. , Cibas Edmund S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Virtually all malignant mesotheliomas (MMs) exhibit clonal chromosomal aberrations. Although the chromosome regions affected by these aberration(s) may vary from 1 tumor to another, certain regions are commonly disrupted. These aberrations are absent in benign mesothelial cells, and therefore their presence can be used to confirm a diagnosis of MM. In the current study, the authors investigated the value of karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as adjuncts to conventional cytologic examination in patients with MM.METHODS:A retrospective analysis of 48 pleural or peritoneal fluids from patients with histologically confirmed MM was performed. Karyotypic analyses were attempted in all cases. In 27 cases, FISH for deletions of 9p21 (CDKN2A gene) and 22q was also performed because the karyotype was normal or unsuccessful.RESULTS:Karyotypes were obtained in 35 (73%) of the specimens. Of these, 15 (43%) were abnormal and 20 (57%) were normal. Thirteen additional abnormal results were detected by FISH in cases for which the karyotypes were normal or unsuccessful. A total of 24 cases (50%) had an associated cytologic interpretation. Karyotyping or FISH was abnormal in 8 cases that were interpreted cytologically as either negative or suspicious.CONCLUSIONS:The combination of FISH and karyotyping was found to improve on the diagnostic sensitivity of karyotyping alone in detecting MM in effusions. The authors concluded that karyotyping and FISH together were a more useful adjunct to cytology than FISH or karyotyping alone. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Sustainability in Catalytic Oxidation: An Alternative Approach or a Structural Evolution?
Authors: Cavani Fabrizio , Teles Joaquim Henrique 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCatalytic oxidation provides several examples of the remarkable steps made forward towards a more sustainable chemical industry: use of alternative reactants, the design of new catalysts, new reactions, and new reactor technologies. The recent developments described in this Review clearly show that better sustainabily and improved economics often go hand in hand.magnified imageThis Review documents some examples of recent innovations in the field of catalytic selective oxidation from an industrial point of view. The use of alkanes as building blocks for the synthesis of bulk chemicals and intermediates is discussed, along with the main properties that catalysts should possess in order to efficiently catalyse the selective oxidation of these hydrocarbons. The currently developed processes for propene oxide and new processes under investigation for the synthesis of adipic acid are also described, highlighting innovative aspects for a better sustainability of the chemical industry.
Biomass Recalcitrance—Deconstructing the Plant Cell Wall for Bioenergy.Edited by Michael E. Himmel
Authors: Felby Claus 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWiley‐Blackwell, Chichester, 2008. 528 pp., hardcover US$ 180.00—ISBN 978‐1‐4051‐6360‐6magnified image
An investigation of the effect of body dissatisfaction on selective attention toward negative shape and weight‐related information
Authors: Smith Evelyn , Rieger Elizabeth 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective:The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of inducing body dissatisfaction on selective attention toward negative shape and weight‐related information.Method:A total of 54 female undergraduate university students were randomly allocated to one of three induction conditions: body dissatisfaction, negative mood, and neutral. Subsequently, participants' attentional bias toward negative shape/weight words was measured using a dot probe task.Results:Contrary to the hypotheses, participants in the body dissatisfaction condition did not demonstrate an increase in attention toward negative shape/weight words compared with the negative mood and neutral conditions. Indeed, it was the negative mood induction that resulted in significantly increased attention toward negative shape/weight words relative to the body dissatisfaction condition.Discussion:The finding that the negative mood (rather than the body dissatisfaction) induction triggered an attentional bias toward shape‐ and weight‐related information is discussed in terms of the anxiety literature given the nature of the mood induction utilized. This finding might help to account for the high comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders and suggests the possible relevance of attentional training interventions designed for anxiety disorders in the treatment of eating disorders. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Comparing definitions of purging disorder on point prevalence and associations with external validators
Authors: Haedt Alissa A. , Keel Pamela K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective:We varied two defining features of Purging Disorder (PD): breadth of “purging” behaviors (purging only [narrow] vs. purging and nonpurging [broad]) and minimum behavioral frequency (once vs. twice per week) to examine their impact on syndrome validity.Method:Survey data from 1736 women and 755 men were used for analyses.Results:PD point prevalence was higher in women versus men, and prevalence was lowest for the narrow definition requiring purging twice per week. The narrow definition was associated with significant psychosocial impairment and increased effect sizes in validation analyses. Changing minimum behavioral frequencies did not impact associations with external validators.Discussion:A broad definition of PD that included any compensatory behavior reduced distinctions between PD and normality. Reducing minimum frequency to once per week did not reduce homogeneity or evidence of syndrome severity. Purging once per week may represent the optimal starting point in defining the central behavioral feature of PD. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Does avoidant personality disorder impact on the outcome of treatment for bulimia nervosa?
Authors: Rowe Sarah L. , Jordan Jennifer , McIntosh Virginia V. W. , Carter Frances A. , Frampton Chris , Bulik Cynthia M. , Joyce Peter R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective:To examine the impact of avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) on bulimia nervosa (BN) treatment outcome over 3 years.Method:Women with BN were participating in a randomized treatment trial. The sample was split into: AVPD (n = 37), other PD (n = 37), and no PD (n = 60). Eating disorder symptomatology, depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning were examined at pretreatment and follow‐up. Multiple regression was conducted to control for high axis I comorbidity.Results:There were no significant differences across the groups at pretreatment or follow‐up on eating disorder symptoms. AVPD had worse depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning at pretreatment which continued 3 years post‐treatment. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the presence of any lifetime mood disorder contributed to these significant results.Discussion:These findings suggest AVPD is not a significant predictor of BN outcome. However, AVPD is associated with poorer psychiatric symptoms although much of this variance appears to be attributable to the lifetime presence of any mood disorder. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Mixed‐Ligand Complexes of Technetium and Rhenium with Tridentate Benzamidines and Bidentate Benzoylthioureas
Authors: Huy Nguyen Hung , Deflon Victor M. , Abram Ulrich 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMixed‐ligand complexes of technetium(V) or rhenium(V) containing tridentate N‐[(dialkylamino)(thiocarbonyl)]benzamidine (H2L1) and bidentate N,N‐dialkyl‐N′‐benzoylthiourea (HL2) ligands were formed in high yields when (NBu4)[MOCl4] (M = Tc or Re) or [ReOCl3(PPh3)2] was treated with mixtures of the proligands. Other approaches for the synthesis of the products are reactions of [MOCl(L1)] complexes with HL2 or compounds of the composition [ReOCl2(PPh3)(L2)] with H2L1. The resulting air‐stable [MO(L1)(L2)] complexes possess potential for the development of metal‐based radiopharmaceuticals. [TcO(L1)(L2)] complexes are readily reduced by PPh3 with formation of [Tc(L1)(L2)(PPh3)]. The resulting TcIII complexes undergo two almost‐reversible oxidation steps corresponding to one‐electron transfer processes.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Reactions of Carbanions of 1‐Chloro‐5‐(phenylsulfonyl)pent‐2‐enes: Synthesis of Vinyl‐Substituted Tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Wojtasiewicz Anna , Lewandowski Bartosz , Judka Marek , Mąkosza Mieczysław 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe carbanions of (E)‐ and (Z)‐1‐chloro‐5‐(phenylsulfonyl)‐pent‐2‐enes can be considered as vinylogues of γ‐chlorocarbanions. Because in these cases intramolecular 1,3‐substitution by a SN2′ mechanism leading to vinylcyclopropanes is a relatively slow process these carbanions can be efficiently trapped by active electrophilic reagents such as aldehydes. Subsequent intramolecular SN2′ 1,5‐substitution of the aldol anions produced gives vinyl‐substituted tetrahydrofurans. Thus, an efficient method for the synthesis of 2,3‐disubstituted‐5‐vinyltetrahydrofurans has been elaborated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Combining visual and geochemical analyses to source chert on Southern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada
Authors: Milne S. Brooke , Hamilton Anne , Fayek Mostafa 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA combined methodological approach using visual and geochemical methods is introduced and preliminary results of a study illustrating its effectiveness to determine chert source provenance are presented. This study focuses on lithic debitage and raw chert samples collected from the interior of southern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada. Chert is abundant throughout this region yet it occurs as small, scattered surface nodules that are highly variable in color. Prior to this study, little was known about the provenance of this local toolstone and whether it derived from local outcrops, glacial till sheets, or both. Given the pronounced variability exhibited by this chert, we use individual attribute analysis and petrography to impose some kind of analytical order upon an otherwise random aggregation of rocks. Thereafter, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry are used to test the validity of these color categories to determine from how many geochemically distinct sources they derive. Using a standard that measures Al to a ratio of Ga/Zr, our results indicate that all of the raw chert samples derive from a single local source, while the debitage derives from four different sources, including the one that is local. We are confident that this combined methodological approach can be applied in other regions where chert variability is pronounced and source provenance is unknown. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Geoarchaeological investigations at the upper Paleolithic site of Kamihoronai‐Moi, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Izuho Masami , Nakazawa Yuichi , Akai Fumito , Soda Tsutomu , Oda Hirotaka 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn order to better understand modern human behavioral variability in Hokkaido, Japan, we consider the geoarchaeology of the Kamihoronai‐Moi site in terms of its geochronology, stratigraphy, depositional environments, and post‐depositional disturbances. A Paleolithic component is stratigraphically situated between the Eniwa‐a (15,000–17,00014C yr B.P.) and the Tarumae‐d (8000–900014C yr B.P.) tephras. Moreover, six AMS14C ages on charcoal from a Pleistocene‐aged hearth feature are between 14,400 and 14,80014C yr B.P. Quantitative examinations of patterns in artifact distributions show a low degree of vertical and horizontal displacement of chipped‐stone artifacts, suggesting that post‐depositional movement of the cultural material was insufficient to disrupt the original pattern of artifact distribution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Auto‐configuring radial basis function networks for chaotic time series and flood forecasting
Authors: Chang Li‐Chiu , Chang Fi‐John , Wang Yuan‐Peng 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe learning strategy of the radial basis function network (RBFN) commonly uses a hybrid learning process to identify the structure and then proceed to search the model parameters, which is a time‐consuming procedure. We proposed an evolutionary way to automatically configure the structure of RBFN and search the optimal parameters of the network. The strategy can effectively identify an appropriate structure of the network by the orthogonal least squares algorithm and then systematically search the optimal locations of centres and the widths of their corresponding kernel function by the genetic algorithm. The proposed strategy of auto‐configuring RBFN is first testified in predicting the future values of the chaotic Mackey‐Glass time series. The results demonstrate the superiority, on both effectiveness and efficiency, of the proposed strategy in predicting the chaotic time series. We then further investigate the model's suitability and reliability in flood forecast. The Lan‐Young River in north‐east Taiwan is used as a case study, where the hourly river flow of 23 flood events caused by typhoons or storms is used to train and validate the neural networks. The back propagation neural network (BPNN) is also performed for the purpose of comparison. The results demonstrate that the proposed RBFN has much better performance than the BPNN. The RBFN not only provides an efficient way to model the rainfall‐runoff process but also gives reliable and precise one‐hour and two‐hour ahead flood forecasts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of methotrexate and cisplatin on tumor progression and survival in the VM mouse model of systemic metastatic cancer
Authors: Huysentruyt Leanne C. , Shelton Laura M. , Seyfried Thomas N. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe recently identified a new tumor (VM‐M3), which arose spontaneously in the brain of an inbred VM mouse. When grown outside the brain, the VM‐M3 tumor expresses all major biological processes of metastasis to include local invasion, intravasation, immune system survival, extravasation, and secondary tumor formation involving lung, liver, kidney, spleen and brain. The VM‐M3 tumor also expresses multiple properties of macrophage‐like cells similar to those described previously in numerous human metastatic cancers suggesting that the VM‐M3 model will be useful for studying most types of metastatic cancer, regardless of tissue origin. VM‐M3 tumor cells, expressing firefly luciferase (VM‐M3/Fluc), were grown subcutaneously in the immunocompetent and syngeneic VM mouse host. The antimetastatic effects of methotrexate (MTX; 25 mg/kg) and cisplatin (10–15 mg/kg) were evaluated following i.p. injections administered once/wk for 3 weeks. Bioluminescent imaging was used to measure VM‐M3/Fluc growth and metastasis. All (12/12) control mice developed systemic cancer within 21 days of subcutaneous VM‐M3/Fluc implantation. Although methotrexate did not inhibit VM‐M3/Fluc primary tumor growth, it reduced lung and liver metastasis by 50% and completely inhibited metastasis to kidneys, spleen and brain. Cisplatin significantly reduced primary tumor growth, blocked metastasis to lung, liver, kidneys, spleen and brain, and significantly increased survival in all treated animals. Our findings show that the response of the VM‐M3/Fluc tumor to MTX and cisplatin is similar to that reported in humans with metastatic disease. These findings indicate that the VM‐M3/Fluc tumor is a reliable preclinical model for evaluating antimetastatic cancer therapies and underlying control pathways.