bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Return to the Forgotten Ultraluminous X-Ray Source: A Broadband NICER+NuSTAR Study of NGC 4190 ULX-1
Authors: Earnshaw Hannah P. , Bachetti Matteo , Brightman Murray , Fürst Felix , Harrison Fiona A. , Middleton Matthew , Ludlam Renee , Pike Sean N. , Stern Daniel , Walton Dominic J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We observed the nearby and relatively understudied ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) NGC 4190 ULX-1 jointly with Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and NuSTAR to investigate its broadband spectrum, timing properties, and spectral variation over time. We found NGC 4190 ULX-1 to have a hard spectrum characterized by two thermal components (with temperatures ∼0.25 and ∼1.6 keV) and a high-energy excess typical of the ULX population although the spectrum turns over at an unusually low energy. While no pulsations were detected (with pulsed fraction 3σ upper limits of 16% for NICER and 35% for NuSTAR), the source shows significant stochastic variability, and the covariance spectrum indicates the presence of a high-energy cutoff power-law component, potentially indicative of an accretion column. Additionally, when fitting archival XMM-Newton data with a similar model, we find that the luminosity–temperature evolution of the hot thermal component follows the behavior of a super-Eddington slim disk though the expected spectral broadening for such a disk is not seen, suggesting that the inner accretion disk may be truncated by a magnetic field. Therefore, despite the lack of detected pulsations, there is tantalizing evidence for NGC 4190 ULX-1 being a candidate neutron star accretor although further broadband observations will be required to confirm this behavior.
Innovation collaborative à l’ère du Big et de l’ Open Data
Authors: Thiaw Cheikh Abdou Lahad 
Published: June 2024

L’article propose une analyse prospective d’un phénomène nouveau, l’exploitation des données du Big et de l’ Open Data afin d’accéder à plus de connaissances clés pour irriguer l’innovation collaborative. À l’ère des datas, l’objectif est de proposer une articulation nouvelle de la co-innovation au sein des clusters , permettant aux acteurs engagés de profiter pleinement des opportunités d’innovation permises par les données. Les résultats de l’étude exploratoire autorisent la conceptualisation de modèles de clusters « nomades » (Thiaw, 2022), faisant référence à des espaces d’innovation translocaux , fondés sur la mutualisation de ressources et de connaissances au profit d’acteurs hétérogènes décidés à collaborer pour innover ensemble. L’originalité du modèle réside dans la non-nécessité de la proximité géographique des parties prenantes et la prise en compte des données dans les processus de co-innovation, pour s’adapter aux réalités de la nouvelle économie.
Imperfection des marchés fonciers urbains et transactions foncières informelles au Cameroun
Authors: Koe Minfede Raoul 
Published: June 2024

L’étude analyse l’incidence de l’imperfection du marché foncier urbain sur l’occurrence des transactions foncières informelles au Cameroun. L’estimation d’un modèle d’occurrence en deux étapes adapté aux données issues de l’aire urbaine de Douala révèle : le défaut d’information foncière et la dominance des canaux informels d’information accroissent le risque d’informalité foncière ; la présence accrue des coûts de délivrance des titres fonciers, des coûts techniques d’inspection et de signature des contrats, constitue un facteur aggravant les risques de transactions foncières informelles ; l’absence des offres tarifaires adaptées aux couches défavorisées est également un facteur favorisant le risque d’informalité des transactions foncières. L’instauration d’une plateforme d’information foncière systématiquement accessible à tous est cruciale. Une maîtrise des coûts de transaction reposant notamment sur la réduction du nombre de procédures de délivrance des titres fonciers et des charges notariales de signature est souhaitable ainsi que d’envisager une constitution de réserves foncières pour les couches défavorisées.
Comment l’autisme engage à la réflexivité en sciences sociales
Authors: Forestier Florian , Cazalis Fabienne 
Published: June 2024

Le présent article a pour objet l’expérience sociale des personnes autistes, au prisme des spécificités de leur socialisation et des processus par lesquels ils intériorisent le social, en particulier la façon dont ces personnes constituent des habitus. Après avoir rappelé quelques grands traits de la théorie de l’habitus chez Bourdieu, certaines de ses discussions et remises en cause contemporaines, et les possibles apports de la sociologie cognitive dans ce cadre, nous montrons que les fonctions physiologiques et cognitives qui semblent les plus impliquées dans les processus de socialisation et d’incorporation du social présentent justement une forme atypique chez les personnes autistes ; en conséquence, ces processus sont vraisemblablement eux-mêmes modifiés chez elles. On peut de ce fait postuler que ces personnes présentent des habitus et dispositions spécifiques, dont nous proposons quelques caractérisations et analysons l’incidence possible en termes d’expérience sociale.
Tissue Engineering Using Differentiation of Endometrial Stem Cells into Ameloblast Cells and Implantation on Hydroxyapatite and Collagen Nanocomposite Scaffold
Authors: Bahrami Naghmeh , Babaei Azadeh , Shirian Sadegh , Ai Arman , Mohamadnia Abdolreza , Shafaghi Shadi , Pishbin Asma , Ai Jafar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Dental tissue engineering (DTE) is an inspiring biological approach to replacing lost teeth. The strength of the differentiation of basic endometrial cells to ameloblasts is yet to be fully understood. Moreover, the construction of a scaffold, upon which ameloblasts can both grow and replicate, has been a challenge in DTE.

Methods:
This is an experimental study. Basic endometrial cells were first isolated and cultured before induction of differentiation to ameloblast cells by adjacency to mesenchymal rat cells and application of fibroblast growth factor 8. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were synthesized by freeze-drying method. The nanocomposite collagen and hydroxyapatite scaffold were synthesized by the solvent casting method. Finally, the amyloblast cells were implanted into the hydroxyapatite and collagen nanocomposite scaffold.

Results:
The success of cell differentiation was confirmed through staining using specific antibodies against ameloblastin and amelogenin markers. Expression of ameloblast-specific mRNAs, such as ameloblastins, amelogenins, and cytokeratin 14 was detected in the differentiated cells. Alizarin red staining clearly illustrates mineralization nodules in the differentiated cells. Staining against specific ameloblast markers showed that the differentiated ameloblast cells are expressed on the scaffold, unlike the control group.

Conclusion:
Based on the findings of this study, basic endometrial cells are capable of expressing the traits of ameloblast cells. The scaffold used in the present study conforms to most criteria used for dental tissue reconstruction and can be applied in DTE.
Diagnostic Precision of Molecular Testing for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 versus Chest Computer Tomography
Authors: Rao Aravapalli Venkata Raghavendra , Rajan Reena , Kumar Mathavi Suresh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground:Molecular detection is considered benchmark criteria for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Both computer tomography (CT) chest imaging and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) can give false-negative test results in the initial state of coronavirus infection. This study aimed to assess the precision of computer tomography (CT) chest imaging and RTPCR assay and to compare the role of CT chest imaging and molecular testing (RTPCR) in the early detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.Methods:Retrospective analysis of 588 clinically suspected coronavirus disease cases was performed over from April 2021 to June 2021. RTPCR test result was compared with chest computer tomography and diagnostic precision of computer tomography (CT) scan was determined using RTPCR as reference standard. Categorical variables were statistically analyzed as frequencies and percentages.Results:Out of 465 patients who tested positive by chest computer tomography (CT) scan findings, 132 (28.39%) tested RTPCR positive and 333 (71.61%) tested RTPCR negative. 306/465 (65.81%) cases showed moderate-to-severe infection and 159/465 (34.19%) had mild infection. Diagnostic precision of imaging chest computer tomography (CT) scan was observed to be 38.44%. Low sensitivity of RTPCR detection method in the early identification of coronavirus disease was observed.Conclusion:The use of computer tomography (CT) scan in the early detection of coronavirus disease is supplemental to RTPCR assay and is limited to the detection of laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease cases as imaging characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia superimposed with other types of pneumonia.
Impacts of anemia and its determinants among 6–59 months age children residing in Dayniile internally displaced person’s camps, Banadir region, Somalia
Authors: Mude Abdirasak Sharif Ali , Ali Farhia Abdullahi , Ali Sumaya Hassan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
The prevalence of anemia in children under 5 years of age is a multifaceted issue influenced by various factors, leading to diverse findings across studies. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among children under 5 years of age living in internally displaced persons camps in the Dayniile district of Somalia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2022 and July 2023 in Mogadishu, Somalia. Blood samples from children under 5 years of age were checked for malaria and parasites, as well as for hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit, mean cell volume, and hematocrit. SPSS version 27.0.1 was used for data analysis, involving descriptive and inferential statistics. Fisher’s exact test examined anemia associations due to low expected counts.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of anemia among children under 5 years old was 17.6%. Anemia severity varied from mild (8.4%) to moderate (8.7%) to severe (0.5%). No significant correlation was found between a child’s primary caregiver and anemia status nor between anemia and sex, age, maternal factors, or family income sources. However, the presence of income from other relatives was statistically significant (P = 0.046*), indicating that financial support from extended family members may reduce the incidence of severe anemia in young adults. Children with a history of malaria had notably higher rates of mild and moderate anemia (25.0% and 75.0%, respectively) than those without.

CONCLUSION:
Our study, along with previous research, underscores the complexity of the prevalence of childhood anemia and its contributing factors. Addressing anemia in children from lower-income families and urban areas requires tailored intervention. In addition, controlling malaria and promoting breastfeeding are essential strategies for reducing the prevalence of anemia in young children. Overall, a multifaceted approach considering socioeconomic, health, and dietary factors is crucial for the well-being of children under 5 years old.
Pharmacogenetic Study of Drugs Affecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Shabani Samira , Farnia Poopak , Ghanavi Jalaledin , Velayati Ali Akbar , Farnia Parissa 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Pharmacogenetic research has led to significant progress in understanding how genetic factors influence drug response in tuberculosis (TB) treatment. One ongoing challenge is the variable occurrence of adverse drug reactions in some TB patients. Previous studies have indicated that genetic variations in the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) genes can impact the blood concentrations of the first-line anti-TB drugs isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), respectively. This study aimed to investigate the influence of pharmacogenetic markers in the NAT2 and SLCO1B1 genes on TB treatment outcomes using whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis.

Methods:
DNA samples were collected from 30 healthy Iranian adults aged 18–40 years. The allelic frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NAT2 and SLCO1B1 genes were determined through WES.

Results:
Seven frequent SNPs were identified in the NAT2 gene (rs1041983, rs1801280, rs1799929, rs1799930, rs1208, rs1799931, rs2552), along with 16 frequent SNPs in the SLCO1B1 gene (rs2306283, rs11045818, rs11045819, rs4149056, rs4149057, rs2291075, rs201722521, rs11045852, rs11045854, rs756393362, rs11045859, rs74064211, rs201556175, rs34671512, rs71581985, rs4149085).

Conclusion:
Genetic variations in NAT2 and SLCO1B1 can affect the metabolism of INH and RIF, respectively. A better understanding of the pharmacogenetic profile in the study population may facilitate the design of more personalized and effective TB treatment strategies. Further research is needed to directly correlate these genetic markers with clinical outcomes in TB patients.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Capsule Proteins in Aminoglycoside-Resistant and Sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates: Unraveling Potential Drug Targets
Authors: Sharma Devesh , Gautam Sakshi , Srivastava Nalini , Khan Abdul Mabood , Bisht Deepa 
Published: June 2024

Background:Tuberculosis (TB), a global infectious threat, has seen a concerning rise in aminoglycoside-resistantMycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tb) strains. The potential role of capsule proteins remains largely unexplored. This layer acts as the primary barrier for tubercle bacilli, attempting to infiltrate host cells and subsequent disease development.Methods:The study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the differentially expressed capsule proteins in aminoglycoside-resistant M.tb clinical isolates compared with drug-sensitive isolates employing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatic approaches.Results:We identified eight proteins that exhibited significant upregulation in aminoglycoside-resistant isolates. Protein Rv3029c and Rv2110c were associated with intermediary metabolism and respiration; Rv2462c with cell wall and cell processes; Rv3804c with lipid metabolism; Rv2416c and Rv2623 with virulence and detoxification/adaptation; Rv0020c with regulatory functions; and Rv0639 with information pathways. Notably, the Group-based Prediction System for Prokaryotic Ubiquitin-like Protein (GPS-PUP) algorithm identified potential pupylation sites within all proteins except Rv3804c. Interactome analysis using the STRING 12.0 database revealed potential interactive partners for these proteins, suggesting their involvement in aminoglycoside resistance. Molecular docking studies revealed suitable binding between amikacin and kanamycin drugs with Rv2462c, Rv3804c, and Rv2623 proteins.Conclusion:As a result, our findings illustrate the multifaceted nature of aminoglycoside resistance in M.tb and the importance of understanding how capsule proteins play a role in counteracting drug efficacy. Identifying the role of these proteins in drug resistance is crucial for developing more effective treatments and diagnostics for TB.
Comparison of Individual Regimen Containing Bedaquiline with Delamanid and Bedaquiline without Delamanid on Efficacy and Safety in Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Patients: Implementation in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Soedarsono Soedarsono , Mertaniasih Ni Made , Kusmiati Tutik , Permatasari Ariani , Subay Susi , Adiono Suko Hari 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Bedaquiline is one of the core drugs used to treat multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Delamanid is one of the companion drugs in group C which is used to complete the treatment regimen when drugs in groups A and B can not be used. This study was conducted to analyze the efficacy and safety between individual regimens containing bedaquiline with delamanid and bedaquiline without delamanid.

Methods:
This was an observational analytic study with a retrospective design in MDR-TB patients treated with individual regimens containing bedaquiline with delamanid (bedaquiline-delamanid group) and bedaquiline without delamanid (bedaquiline group). Efficacy was measured according to the time to Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) conversion and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture conversion, while safety was measured specifically on QTc interval prolongation.

Results:
The median (range) time to AFB conversion in bedaquiline-delamanid group was faster than bedaquiline group, although there was no significant difference (1.5 (1-4) months vs. 1 (1-6) months, P=0.429), the median time to culture conversion in bedaquiline-delamanid group also faster than bedaquiline group, although there was no significant difference (1 (1-6) months vs. 2 (1-6) months, P=0.089). The incidence of QTc interval prolongation in bedaquiline-delamanid group was less than bedaquiline group, although there was no significant difference (26.9% vs. 40.3%, P=0.223).

Conclusions:
Individual regimens containing bedaquiline with delamanid was proven to provide similar efficacy and safety profiles with individual regimens containing bedaquiline without delamanid. Delamanid should be preferred when selecting drugs to complete the treatment regimen when drugs in groups A and B can not be used.
Exploring the Complexities: Understanding the Clinicopathological Spectrum of Tuberculosis in the Head-and-neck Region
Authors: Sheereen Shazima , Manva Mohnish Zulfikar , Sheereen Shamama , Patil Namrata N. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:Tuberculosis (TB) affecting the head-and-neck area can often resemble cancer, leading to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. A better understanding of this condition is necessary for early diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation. This study examines the clinical and pathological characteristics of different types of TB in the head-and-neck region.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed patients diagnosed with TB in the head-and-neck region at a health center between January 1, 2018, and January 1, 2024. The study population consisted of patients who were diagnosed with TB of the head and neck.Results:The study analyzed data from 30 patients, comprising 14 (47%) males and 16 (53%) females, all of whom tested negative for HIV. Most cases (15, 50%) were observed in the age group of 15–24 years, with 5 (15.6%) subjects falling in the age bracket of 0–14 years. Among the types of lesions detected, cervical tubercular adenitis was the most frequently observed lesion, found in 22 (73%) subjects. Females are more susceptible to cervical tubercular adenitis, while males are more likely to experience laryngeal TB.Conclusion:The clinical manifestation of TB affecting the head-and-neck region can exhibit a diverse range of symptoms, which may lead to misinterpretation and diagnostic errors. Therefore, health-care practitioners must understand and include the condition in differential diagnoses.
Use of electroconvulsive therapy during postpartum: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Sharma Pranshu , Chakrabarti Subho 
Published: June 2024

Background:
There is limited data on use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for management of psychiatric disorders during the postpartum period from India.

Aim:
We aimed to assess the demographic and clinical profile of patients receiving ECT during the postpartum period for various psychiatric disorders using a retrospective study design.

Methods:
ECT register of the department was reviewed for the period of January 2019 to December 2023 to identify the patients who received ECT during the postpartum period. The treatment records of these patients were evaluated to extract the demographic and clinical profile.

Results:
During the study period, 10 patients received ECT during the postpartum period. The mean age of the study sample was 27 (standard deviation [SD]: 2.9) years. Majority of the patients were inpatients (70%) at the time of receiving ECT. Five patients were diagnosed with first-episode depression with postpartum onset, and two patients had postpartum-onset psychotic disorder. One patient was diagnosed with recurrent depressive episode and one with bipolar disorder, current episode mania with psychotic symptom, at the time of receiving ECT. The mean number of ECTs during the ECT course was 6.7 (SD: 3.09). Nine out of the 10 patients showed good response to ECT.

Conclusion:
Although ECT is less frequently used for management of postpartum psychiatric disorders, its use is associated with significant clinical improvement.
Childhood gratification syndrome: Demystifying the clinical conundrum with a narrative literature review of the past 5 decades
Authors: Biswas Tathagata , Nath Santanu , Mishra Biswa Ranjan 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Childhood gratification syndrome (CGS) refers to self-stimulatory or masturbatory behaviors in children, which may have an onset as early as in infancy (IGS).

Aim:
The aim of this review is to understand the various clinical manifestations of CGS/IGS and their clinical differentiation from commonly misdiagnosed neurological and physical illnesses and to formulate a preliminary approach to their diagnosis and management.

Methods:
This narrative review is based on a search of literature over the past 50 years (1972–2022) in three online databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar).

Results:
The behaviors are episodic, occurring for brief periods, involving posturing, stereotypical limb movements, pubic pressure with autonomic hyperactivity, and postepisodic lethargy. They mimic seizures, movement disorders, abdominal pain, and tics. The paper also highlights the gap in the current knowledge to guide future research in the area. CGS usually represents nonpathological “pleasure-seeking” habits of childhood, but at times, it may become problematic for the child and his family. A careful history and videotape analysis of the events confirms the diagnosis and behavioral therapy with parental reassurance as the mainstay of treatment.

Conclusion:
A better understanding and clinical awareness of the CGS are necessary to prevent misdiagnosis and delay in appropriate intervention.