bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological rhythms and ADHD
Authors: Kooij J.J.S. 
Published: May 2011

The majority of the adults with ADHD have chronic difficulty to go to bed on time. This leads to a shorter sleep duration and daytime sleepiness that may aggravate the inattention problems of ADHD.This sleep pattern is also known as a delayed sleepphase, and the patients as ‘eveningtypes’. The other way round, eveningtypes have been associated with impulsiveness. The scope of this presentation is to study the impact of this sleep pattern in adults with ADHD on mood (i.e. seasonal affective disorder), eating habits (like timing of meals and binge eating), activity patterns (like nightshift work and light at night) and health in general, i.e. obesity and cancer.
Quality of care and its determinants in rehabilitative mental health care across Europe
Authors: Wright C. ,   Development of a European Measure of Best Practice for People with Long Term Mental Illness in Institutional Care (DEMoBinc) project group
Published: May 2011

The European Commission's Green Paper on Mental Health highlighted the need to improve the social inclusion, human rights and dignity, of mentally ill people. It recognised evidence for improved quality of life and social inclusion provided by deinstitutionalization of services. This study, funded by the EC, explores the relationship between unit characteristics and quality of care, as recorded by the Quality Indicator for Rehabilitative Care (QuIRC).MethodQuIRC's seven domain scores were analyzed for associations with unit, patient and staff variables, using linear regression.ResultsUnit location affected Living Environment (LE) domain scores. Size of units was associated with all domains apart from Human Rights (HR). Resident characteristics showed single gender, percentage of lower functioning residents, both affected some domains. Staff intensity scores were not associated with any domain of care, but specific disciplines affected particular domain scores Lower quartile results across domains suggest that 25% of European units studied score less than 50% on individual domains’ quality scores.DiscussionResults suggest the preferability of residential rehabilitation units that are city-based, in the community, smaller in size, and have both men and women residents; where the proportions of detained patients, and patients with a high level of need, are low; and where the staff group includes an employment specialist and a psychologist, but does not include a social worker or a psychiatrist. Average unit performances for different countries in Europe need to be established and considered in developing preliminary quality targets to be reached in particular timescales.
Quality of care in longer term mental health institutions in Portugal
Authors: Cardoso G. , Pacheco C. , Caldas-de-Almeida J. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDeinstitutionalisation of the mentally ill is an ongoing process in European countries. Quality of care in residential facilities, however, was seldom assessed in part due to the lack of adequate instruments.ObjectivesTo assess the quality of care in Portuguese residential facilities for long term mental patients.MethodsQuality of care in residential facilities was assessed with the toolkit developed by the DEMoBinc study using interviews with the units’ managers, and the users.ResultsThe 20 units assessed across Portugal were mainly located in the city; 13 were in a hospital setting and 7 in the community. Most of the units (90%) had no maximum length of stay, and 60% were mixed-gender; 85% of the users were not compulsory. Most of the units (60%) had no one-bedrooms, and their aim was rehabilitative in 40%, and rehabilitative plus providing support in 40%. The rate of patients with a bank account was 49.4%, 32.4% were in charge of their finances, while only 14.1% had voted.In hospital vs. community units patients were more frequently men (80.5 vs. 53.8%) and older (51.1 ± 13.7 vs. 43.3 ± 9.6, p < .001). In community units the treatment was more frequently explained (50 vs. 26.3%), patients’ involvement was higher (40.4 vs. 19.5%), while mean GAF scores (64.9 vs. 60.2) did not differ.ConclusionsPortuguese results show that in spite of the effort to create new facilities for the longer term mentally ill, a lot still has to be done to improve the quality of care they provide.
Feasibility and effectiveness of cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy for chronically depressed inpatients: a pilot study
Authors: Brakemeier E.-L. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundCognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) was initially developed and evaluated as an outpatient treatment for chronic depression. Given the high degree of suicidality and comorbidity in chronic depression, however, many of these patients require prolonged inpatient treatment. Here, we report on a first specialized program for chronic depression adapting CBASP to an inpatient setting.MethodsTo evaluate feasibility and effectiveness of this program 30 chronically depressed inpatients were included in an open pilot study. The structured CBASP-based three-month inpatient program combined individual and group therapy sessions.ResultsThe majority of the patients suffered from early onset depression, childhood trauma, and a high degree of axis-I and axis-II comorbidity. All patients completed the program perceiving the concept as very helpful. Pre-post comparisons showed significant changes with strong effect sizes. None of the patients deteriorated. In addition, CBASP specific instruments revealed that patients changed their stimulus-character and learned to perform the technique of Situational Analysis. 12 months follow up data show that most patients experienced no relapse.ConclusionThe findings suggest that a CBASP inpatient program is a feasible and effective short- and longterm treatment for chronically depressed inpatients with high comorbidity rates. A prospective randomized controlled trial will be conducted to validate these promising pilot data.
Cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP) for treatment-resistant depression: Adaptation to a group modality
Authors: Sayegh L. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveCBASP has been shown to be an effective treatment for chronic depression using an individual treatment modality but has not yet been tested using a group modality, for treatment-resistant major depression. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a CBASP approach adapted to group therapy for treatment-resistant, depressed, psychiatric outpatients. The efficacy of Group-CBASP is examined with regards to various outcomes including depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning. A secondary objective is to assess whether Group-CBASP improves the psychosocial functioning and decreases the social isolation and avoidance of these patients and helps them develop more adaptive social skills, which becomes a protective factor against relapse into depression.ResultsGroup-CBASP is effective in significantly reducing depressive symptomatology. Depression and social adjustment have significantly improved in both overall functioning and in specific role areas. Emotion-oriented coping, which is a maladaptive way of coping using one's emotional reactivity, has significantly decreased. Patients demonstrate more interpersonal confidence and engagement. We can observe a relationship emerging between the use of task-oriented coping strategies and a decrease in interpersonal distress. Finally, interpersonal dominance appears to be associated with improvements in depression and coping skills.ConclusionThe next step involves the inclusion of a behavioural-activation comparison group to determine if Group-CBASP is contributing uniquely to these changes.
Biochemical and biophysical aspects of the pathophysiology of first episode of schizophrenia
Authors: Uzbekov M. , Smolina N. , Syrejshchikova T. , Misionzhnik E. , Gryzunov Y. , Dobretsov G. , Tokarev V. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe knowledge of pathophysiology of first psychotic episode is still fragmentary.AimTo investigate some biochemical and biophysical parameters in first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenic (FES) patients.Methods26 FES patients (ICD-10; F 20.0 and F 20.3) and 15 age-and gender-match volunteers were investigated. Clinical severity of FES patients were assessed by PANSS scale. Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and serum semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activities, middle-mass endotoxic molecules (MMEM) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using respective methods. Steady-state and subnanosecond fluorescent spectroscopy were used for the investigation of albumin conformational changesResults Severity of disorder prior the treatment was 75.5 ± 2.2 (PANSS score). FES patients were characterized by significant increase in MAO activity (99%) and MMEM concentration (124%) and significant decrease in SSAO activity (26%) as compared with controls. Changes of albumin conformational and functional parameters (“effective” albumin concentration and“reserve” of albumin binding) estimated by steady-state fluorescent spectroscopy were insignificant. Factor analysis revealed that MAO and SSAO are more tightly connected with pathogenetic mechanisms of FES then MMEM, MDA and albumin functional parameters. Significant conformational changes of albumin of FES patients were detected using pulse fluorescent spectroscopy with subnanosecond resolution. Results are compared with the data received in chronic schizophrenic patients.ConclusionFrom pathophysiological point of view FES is the initial step in development of pathologically disturbed biochemical status characteristic to chronic schizophrenia.The study was supported by grant # 3156 from International Science and Technology Center (ISTC).
SS06-01 - Are we getting the most out of combination therapy in the short-term and long-term treatment of mania?
Authors: Kasper S. , Vieta E. , Bellivier F. , Frye M. 
Published: May 2011

The extensive research into the treatment of bipolar disorder over the last 20 years means that we, as clinicians, have never been in a better position to treat patients with bipolar disorder. Yet despite the availability of modern, evidence-based treatment guidelines, bipolar disorder remains an everyday treatment challenge. Newly diagnosed patients requiring treatment for the first time are not always adequately controlled with single-agent therapy and, similarly, combination therapy is also frequently necessary as maintenance treatment. But with this recognition comes the new challenge of identifying when monotherapy is not enough, which agents to combine, when and for how long? How do we know?Joined by an internationally respected faculty, Professor Siegfried Kasper chairs a discussion to help answer some of the key questions facing clinicians today:What response can be anticipated from recommended first-line monotherapies for acute mania?How do we know whether the response we observe when we prescribe a first-line treatment in a manic patient is adequate?To what extent can a partial non-response to monotherapy be improved by the addition of a second agent?What's the benefit of maintaining combination treatment once patients are stable and how long should I continue?Does adding an antipsychotic to a mood stabiliser increase the risk of adverse events, in the short term or in the long term?Drawing on latest guideline recommendations, recent clinical research, case studies and their extensive clinical experience, the panel will debate these interesting questions and shed light on how we can optimize both acute and maintenance treatment in this patient group.Although the design of maintenance studies in bipolar disorder has significantly evolved in recent years, individual study designs continue to differ in important ways, with important implications. What may appear to be small differences between study designs, such as the type of most recent episode experienced by the patients or the stabilisation criteria used in the trial, can have big implications for study outcome. It is thus becoming increasingly important to be able to evaluate the results of trials within the context of the design and determine what they mean for treatment practice. Our panel will therefore also discuss the extent to which the design of bipolar maintenance studies can influence the results achieved and share their views on what this means for treatment now, and in the future.Are we, and more importantly our patients, getting the most out of combination therapy for bipolar mania? Come and debate the issues with the panel, share your views and see what can be achieved.
Schizophrenia: An update
Authors: Fleischhacker W. 
Published: May 2011

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder which presents with both diagnostic and management challenges. In process of developing DSM5, the inclusion of a Psychosis Risk Syndrome is currently being discussed. This is also the focus of early intervention programs which should facilitate to diagnose the disorder as early as possible and to prevent long durations of untreated psychosis (DUP). As only about 20–40% of young people with At Risk Mental States (ARMS) develop a full blown psychotic disorder, the challenge is to identify people with ARMS who will eventually receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Various interventions have been evaluated in ARMS probands, yet it is still too early to make management recommendations.Once the diagnosis of schizophrenia has been established, treatment must commence as early as possible, in order to prevent long DUP's. First episode patients show a very good chance of remission, 40–60% have been reported.It is generally recommended to switch patients to clozapine after two or three different antipsychotics have been unsuccessfully tried. In the case of clozapine non-response, the evidence for further interventions becomes extremely weak.Once improvement and/or remission has been achieved, maintenance treatment is the next big challenge. As most relapses are related to compliance problems, assuring a positive therapeutic relationship with an influence on compliance behavior becomes a key issue.Managing schizophrenia patients requires expert skills, ideally provided by multiprofessional teams both in inpatient and outpatient settings. Sufficient attention must also be given to the somatic health of schizophrenia patients.
Dementia
Authors: Ihl R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIn developed nations more than 20% of the population are older than 65 years. Around 8% of this group are estimated to suffer from dementia. For Europe, this means 12–15 million patients and at least the same number of relatives are confronted with dementia. Thus, dementia must be a priority theme in science.ObjectivesCauses, diagnostics, therapy and services in dementia.AimTo give an update.MethodsFor new developments in dementia research, guidelines and recent research articles were screened. Resulting facts were grouped in the areas causes, diagnostics, therapy and services.ResultsIn research on causes no breaking news could be detected. For diagnostics, new attempts were proposed. Recent treatment guidelines were developed (for example of the WFSBP). In comparison of nations and even within nations service structures are heterogeneous.ConclusionsIn the field of dementia the lack of breaking news demonstrates how necessary research will be. Some nations have developed national dementia action plans. A European dementia action plan might improve our knowledge on dementia and, moreover, improve the actual situation of patients and care givers.
EPA Guidance on Quality of Mental Health Services
Authors: Gaebel W. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionCentral to improving quality of mental health services is an optimization of the structures and processes provided to people with mental disorders in Europe.ObjectivesTo improve the quality of mental health services in Europe by developing a European guidance focusing on the quality of mental health service structures in Europe.AimsThe main aim of this guidance is to provide recommendations based on the best available evidence for optimal structures of mental health services by identifying and evaluating the available evidence including a comparison between the efficacy of different service structures wherever possible.MethodsSystematic literature review and expert consensus survey about questions of the structural and process quality in European mental health services.ResultsSixteen recommendations were developed for mental health service structures, five for mental health service processes, and four for both mental health services and structures. The recommendations span a large number of mental health services factors including - among others - structural aspects of mental health services, psychiatric workforce numbers, kinds of inpatient and outpatient services and their integration, mental health monitoring and mental health education, admission procedures and safety aspects.ConclusionsEvidence regarding the quality of mental health services is mainly limited due to the small number of studies and the national or regional peculiarities of mental health service structures which make generalizations difficult. Nevertheless, twenty-five recommendations could be arrived at and future research should aim at investigating whether the implementation of these guidelines is effective in improving European mental health service structures.
Tracking single coccolith dissolution with picogram resolution and implications for CO
2
sequestration and ocean acidification
Authors: Hassenkam T. , Johnsson A. , Bechgaard K. , Stipp S. L. S. 
Published: May 2011

Coccoliths are micrometer scale shields made from 20 to 60 individual calcite (CaCO
3
) crystals that are produced by some species of algae. Currently, coccoliths serve as an important sink in the global carbon cycle, but decreasing ocean pH challenges their stability. Chalk deposits, the fossil remains of ancient algae, have remained remarkably unchanged by diagenesis, the process that converts sediment to rock. Even after 60 million years, the fossil coccolith crystals are still tiny (< 1
μm
), compared with inorganically produced calcite, where one day old crystals can be 10 times larger, which raises the question if the biogenic nature of coccolith calcite gives it different properties than inorganic calcite? And if so, can these properties protect coccoliths in CO
2
challenged oceans? Here we describe a new method for tracking dissolution of individual specimens, at picogram (10
-12
g) resolution. The results show that the behavior of modern and fossil coccoliths is similar and both are more stable than inorganic calcite. Organic material associated with the biogenic calcite provides the explanation. However, ancient and modern coccoliths, that resist dissolution in Ca-free artificial seawater at pH > 8, all dissolve when pH is 7.8 or lower. Ocean pH is predicted to fall below 7.8 by the year 2100, in response to rising CO
2
levels. Our results imply that at these conditions the advantages offered by the biogenic nature of calcite will disappear putting coccoliths on algae and in the calcareous bottom sediments at risk.
ReMark: an automatic program for clustering orthologs flexibly combining a Recursive and a Markov
clustering algorithms
Authors: Kim Kangseok , Kim Wonil , Kim Sunshin 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Summary: ReMark is a fully automatic tool for clustering orthologs by combining a Recursive and a Markov clustering (MCL) algorithms. The ReMark detects and recursively clusters ortholog pairs through reciprocal BLAST best hits between multiple genomes running software program (RecursiveClustering.java) in the first step. Then, it employs MCL algorithm to compute the clusters (score matrices generated from the previous step) and refines the clusters by adjusting an inflation factor running software program (MarkovClustering.java). This method has two key features. One utilizes, to get more reliable results, the diagonal scores in the matrix of the initial ortholog clusters. Another clusters orthologs flexibly through being controlled naturally by MCL with a selected inflation factor. Users can therefore select the fitting state of orthologous protein clusters by regulating the inflation factor according to their research interests.
Availability and Implementation: Source code for the orthologous protein clustering software is freely available for non-commercial use at http://dasan.sejong.ac.kr/~wikim/notice.html, implemented in Java 1.6 and supported on Windows and Linux.
Contact: wikim@sejong.ac.kr; sskim04@hotmail.com
Multiple-rule bias in the comparison of classification rules
Authors: Yousefi Mohammadmahdi R. , Hua Jianping , Dougherty Edward R. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Motivation: There is growing discussion in the bioinformatics community concerning overoptimism of reported results. Two approaches contributing to overoptimism in classification are (i) the reporting of results on datasets for which a proposed classification rule performs well and (ii) the comparison of multiple classification rules on a single dataset that purports to show the advantage of a certain rule.
Results: This article provides a careful probabilistic analysis of the second issue and the ‘multiple-rule bias’, resulting from choosing a classification rule having minimum estimated error on the dataset. It quantifies this bias corresponding to estimating the expected true error of the classification rule possessing minimum estimated error and it characterizes the bias from estimating the true comparative advantage of the chosen classification rule relative to the others by the estimated comparative advantage on the dataset. The analysis is applied to both synthetic and real data using a number of classification rules and error estimators.
Availability: We have implemented in C code the synthetic data distribution model, classification rules, feature selection routines and error estimation methods. The code for multiple-rule analysis is implemented in MATLAB. The source code is available at http://gsp.tamu.edu/Publications/supplementary/yousefi11a/. Supplementary simulation results are also included.
Contact: edward@ece.tamu.edu
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
FusionHunter: identifying fusion transcripts in cancer using paired-end RNA-seq
Authors: Li Yang , Chien Jeremy , Smith David I. , Ma Jian 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Fusion transcripts can be created as a result of genome rearrangement in cancer. Some of them play important roles in carcinogenesis, and can serve as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. With more and more cancer genomes being sequenced by next-generation sequencing technologies, we believe an efficient tool for reliably identifying fusion transcripts will be desirable for many groups.
Results: We designed and implemented an open-source software tool, called FusionHunter, which reliably identifies fusion transcripts from transcriptional analysis of paired-end RNA-seq. We show that FusionHunter can accurately detect fusions that were previously confirmed by RT-PCR in a publicly available dataset. The purpose of FusionHunter is to identify potential fusions with high sensitivity and specificity and to guide further functional validation in the laboratory.
Availability: http://bioen-compbio.bioen.illinois.edu/FusionHunter/.
Contact: jianma@illinois.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.