bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of physicians on the use of screening tools for mental disorders in primary health care in Brazil
Authors: Bruzeguini Meirielli Vieira , Viana Maria Carmen , Sarti Thiago Dias 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to analyse perceptions, knowledge and ways of incorporating screening tools for mental disorders (MDs) into the daily practice of physicians working in primary health care (PHC) in the Brazilian public health system.MethodsThis is a descriptive qualitative study with a sample of 24 physicians. The data collected in the semi‐structured interviews were subjected to reflective thematic analysis.ResultsThe use of screening tools was low, not only due to lack of knowledge, but also due to reasoned criticism of this strategy developed by physicians trained in PHC. Physicians also presented a scenario of chaos, work overload and the fragility of the psychosocial care network as barriers to effective care of patients with MDs and to the incorporation of innovations in this care.ConclusionsInterventions aimed at improving the quality of mental health care should include training on the topic, (re)organizing work processes, strengthening the health care network and producing robust scientific evidence on interventions aimed at qualifying professionals in mental health in PHC.
How the EU Soil Observatory is providing solid science for healthy soils
Authors: Panagos Panos , Broothaerts Nils , Ballabio Cristiano , Orgiazzi Alberto , De Rosa Daniele , Borrelli Pasquale , Liakos Leonidas , Vieira Diana , Van Eynde Elise , Arias Navarro Cristina , Breure Timo , Fendrich Arthur , Köninger Julia , Labouyrie Maeva , Matthews Francis , Muntwyler Anna , Jimenez Juan Martin , Wojda Piotr , Yunta Felipe , Marechal Anne , Sala Serenella , Jones Arwyn 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHealthy soils are essential for sustainable food production, achieving climate neutrality and halting the loss of biodiversity. The European Commission turned the spotlights on these vital aspects of soils with the launch of the EU Soil Observatory (EUSO) in 2021 to support the European Green Deal. Also, the EU Soil Strategy for 2030 and the proposed Soil Monitoring Law marked a major milestone for soil protection. This article provides an overview of the functioning of the EUSO within this policy context. Through its activities, the EUSO supports an EU‐wide soil monitoring system and provides policy support to a wide range of policy areas. Moreover, the EUSO monitors the state of soil health in the EU through the EUSO Soil Health Dashboard. This comprehensive and easy understandable tool shows, for the first time, where current scientific evidence converges to indicate areas in the EU likely to be affected by soil degradation. Furthermore, the EUSO supports soil research and innovation, enhances the capacity and functionality of the European Soil Data Centre and supports citizen engagements regarding soil matters. Overall, since 2021, the EUSO has successfully taken up its role to be the principal knowledge hub for soil information and data to underpin EU policy development and implementation. Also in the next years, EUSO will continue to provide data and knowledge to monitor, safeguard and restore soils in the EU.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome: a comprehensive review
Authors: Bellanti Roberto , Rinaldi Simon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGuillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is a potentially devastating yet treatable disorder. A classically postinfectious, immune‐mediated, monophasic polyradiculoneuropathy, it is the leading global cause of acquired neuromuscular paralysis. In most cases, the immunopathological process driving nerve injury is ill‐defined. Diagnosis of GBS relies on clinical features, supported by laboratory findings and electrophysiology. Although previously divided into primary demyelinating or axonal variants, this dichotomy is increasingly challenged, and is not endorsed by the recent European Academy of Neurology (EAN)/Peripheral Nerve Society (PNS) guidelines. Intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange remain the primary modalities of treatment, regardless of the electrophysiological subtype. Most patients recover, but approximately one‐third require mechanical ventilation, and 5% die. Disease activity and treatment response are currently monitored through interval neurological examination and outcome measures, and the potential role of fluid biomarkers is under ongoing scrutiny. Novel potential therapies for GBS are being explored but none have yet modified clinical practice. This review provides a comprehensive update on the pathological and clinical aspects of GBS for clinicians and scientists.
Social support for young people with eating disorders—An integrative review
Authors: Ramjan Lucie M. , Smith Brandon W. , Miskovic‐Wheatley Jane , Pathrose Sheeja Perumbil , Hay Phillipa J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEating disorder treatment should be underpinned by a recovery‐oriented approach, be therapeutic, personalised and trauma informed. Within such models of care, social support is an important factor to explore in terms of its influence in supporting hope for recovery, reducing stigma, and mitigating life stressors. Limited research has been conducted to understand the types of social support that are available to young people formally diagnosed with an eating disorder, their feasibility and acceptability and the positive outcomes. This integrative review sought to explore the positive outcomes of social support or social support programs for young people with eating disorders. An integrative review was conducted based on a search of five electronic databases from inception to 31 March 2023. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools and findings have been narratively synthesised and presented in accordance with the review's aims and questions. Seven studies (total 429 individuals, range 3–160) published between 2001 and 2023 were included in the final synthesis. Overall social support interventions showed promising preliminary evidence as a feasible and acceptable adjunct to treatment for young people with an eating disorder motivated to change, with some clinical improvements in psychopathology. Social support augmented existing relationships, providing a human element of open dialogue, friendship and a sense of hope for recovery. Despite the small number and heterogeneity of the studies, this review has highlighted some promising preliminary benefits. Future treatment for eating disorders should embrace adjunct modalities that enhance psychosocial recovery for young people with eating disorders.
Assessment of photobiomodulation by a 660‐nm diode laser on the reversal of soft tissue anesthesia in children: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Othman Hend Y. , Sharaf Aly A. , Abdelghany Hayam M. , Abd El Rahman Amina M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSoft tissue anesthesia (STA) following inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) anesthesia lasts 3–5 h. It is important to reverse STA after treatment to prevent soft tissue injury (STI).AimThis study evaluated photobiomodulation using a 660 nm diode laser on STA reversal and its impact on STI following IANB anesthesia.DesignA randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 32 children, aged 5–8 years, allocated into the test and control groups. Anesthesia was administered; the operative procedure was performed followed by exposure to laser. STA reversal was monitored through lip tapping, current perception threshold (CPT) tests, and paediatric Functional Assessment Battery.ResultsThe test group showed significantly faster recovery to normal sensation following exposure to laser than the control group which did not undergo any reversal (p < .0001), with a median time of 115 and 60 min according to lip tapping and CPT tests, respectively. The test group also showed significantly faster recovery to normal function (p = .016). The incidence of STI in the form of redness was significantly higher in the control group (p = .022).ConclusionPhotobiomodulation using a 660 nm diode laser can be considered as an efficient approach to minimize STA and STI after dental interventions.
In situ study of the effect of endogenous and exogenous agents on color stability, hardness, and surface roughness of an elastomer for facial prostheses
Authors: Quadros Laura Cristina Silveira , Silva‐Lovato Cláudia Helena , Dotto Marta Elisa Rosso , Ribeiro Juliana Silva , Soto Artur Ferronato , Duque Thais Mageste , Cuevas‐Suárez Carlos Enrique , Coelho Sérgio Murilo , Badaró Maurício Malheiros 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate in situ the influence of sweat, oil, sunscreen, and disinfectant solution on the color stability, hardness, and roughness of elastomer for facial prostheses.Materials and methodsStandardized and intrinsically pigmented specimens remained in contact with human skin from the same person for 30 days, considering exposures (n = 36 per group), absent of exposition (Control, C); sweat and oiliness contact (SO); sweat and oiliness associated with sunscreen (SOS); 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate immersion (CD0.12%); and all agents exposed (SOSCD). The main variables were color change (CIELab and National Standard Bureau system, NBS), Shore A hardness, and surface roughness, measured at baseline and 30 days. Qualitative analyses were performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis tests (color) and two‐way ANOVA (hardness and roughness) with Sidak post‐test (α = 0.05).ResultsCD0.12% (1.54 ± 0.49) and SOSCD (2.10 ± 1.03) had similar effects and caused the smallest color changes, considered mild and noticeable (NBS), respectively. SOS promoted the greatest color change (6.99 ± 1.43, NBS: large) and hardness (17.97 ± 0.56); SOS promoted intermediate roughness (3.48 ± 1.05) between SOSCD (2.25 ± 0.53), and two similar groups: C (4.46 ± 0.95), and CD0.12% (4.39 ± 1.26). The qualitative analysis showed an irregular, dense, dry, and whitish layer on the surface of the specimens exposed to sunscreen, which was reduced when in contact with 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate.ConclusionsEndogenous and exogenous factors are capable of altering elastomer properties. The 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate minimized the changes caused by sweat, oil, and sunscreen.
Local adaptation of Pinus leiophylla under climate and land use change models in the Avocado Belt of Michoacán
Authors: Izaguirre‐Toriz Vanessa , Aguirre‐Liguori Jonás A. , Latorre‐Cárdenas María Camila , Arima Eugenio Y. , González‐Rodríguez Antonio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClimate change and land use change are two main drivers of global biodiversity decline, decreasing the genetic diversity that populations harbour and altering patterns of local adaptation. Landscape genomics allows measuring the effect of these anthropogenic disturbances on the adaptation of populations. However, both factors have rarely been considered simultaneously. Based on a set of 3660 SNPs from which 130 were identified as outliers by a genome–environment association analysis (LFMM), we modelled the spatial turnover of allele frequencies in 19 localities of Pinus leiophylla across the Avocado Belt in Michoacán state, Mexico. Then, we evaluated the effect of climate change and land use change scenarios, in addition to evaluating assisted gene flow strategies and connectivity metrics across the landscape to identify priority conservation areas for the species. We found that localities in the centre‐east of the Avocado Belt would be more vulnerable to climate change, while localities in the western area are more threatened by land conversion to avocado orchards. Assisted gene flow actions could aid in mitigating both threats. Connectivity patterns among forest patches will also be modified by future habitat loss, with central and eastern parts of the Avocado Belt maintaining the highest connectivity. These results suggest that areas with the highest priority for conservation are in the eastern part of the Avocado Belt, including the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. This work is useful as a framework that incorporates distinct layers of information to provide a more robust representation of the response of tree populations to anthropogenic disturbances.
A visual inspection and diagnosis system for bridge rivets based on a convolutional neural network
Authors: Jiang Tengjiao , Frøseth Gunnstein T. , Rønnquist Anders , Kong Xuan , Deng Lu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRivets are critical mechanical fasteners in steel bridges, and rivet defects may cause catastrophic failure. This study proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based inspection system for fast rivet identification and diagnosis. Rivet states are classified as normal, rusted, loose, and missing. A CNN‐based training workflow was introduced to develop a reliable rivet diagnosis system. A multiscale moving window searching technique was proposed to solve the challenge of small rivet identification. A continuous dataset enrichment strategy was applied, which improves training efficiency and minimizes training time. The model performance was assessed based on a historical bridge in Gjerstad. The proposed multiscale moving window searching technique significantly enhances the rivet identification rate to 96.3%. The classification accuracy and model robustness were evaluated, and conditions leading to unidentified rivets were discussed and summarized.
CT‐based radiomics analysis of different machine learning models for differentiating gnathic fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma
Authors: Zhang Ao‐bo , Zhao Jun‐ru , Wang Shuo , Xue Jiang , Zhang Jian‐yun , Sun Zhi‐peng , Sun Li‐sha , Li Tie‐jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, our aim was to develop and validate the effectiveness of diverse radiomic models for distinguishing between gnathic fibrous dysplasia (FD) and ossifying fibroma (OF) before surgery.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 220 patients with confirmed FD or OF. We extracted radiomic features from nonenhanced CT images. Following dimensionality reduction and feature selection, we constructed radiomic models using logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, light gradient boosting machine, and eXtreme gradient boosting. We then identified the best radiomic model using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. After combining radiomics features with clinical features, we developed a comprehensive model. ROC curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated the models' robustness and clinical value.ResultsWe extracted 1834 radiomic features from CT images, reduced them to eight valuable features, and achieved high predictive efficiency, with area under curves (AUC) exceeding 0.95 for all the models. Ultimately, our combined model, which integrates radiomic and clinical data, displayed superior discriminatory ability (AUC: training cohort 0.970; test cohort 0.967). DCA highlighted its optimal clinical efficacy.ConclusionOur combined model effectively differentiates between FD and OF, offering a noninvasive and efficient approach to clinical decision‐making.
Transcription factors as molecular switches regulating plant responses to drought stress
Authors: Wei Han , Wang Xiao , Wang Kaitong , Tang Xun , Zhang Ning , Si Huaijun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlants often experience abiotic stress, which severely affects their growth. With the advent of global warming, drought stress has become a pivotal factor affecting crop yield and quality. Increasing numbers of studies have focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to drought stress. As molecular switches, transcription factors (TFs) are key participants in drought‐resistance regulatory networks in crops. TFs regulate the transcription of downstream genes and are regulated by various upstream regulatory factors. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of action of TFs in regulating drought stress can help enhance the adaptive capacity of crops under drought conditions. In this review, we summarize the structural characteristics of several common TFs, their multiple drought‐response pathways, and recently employed research strategies. We describe the application of new technologies such as analysis of stress granule dynamics and function, multi‐omics data, gene editing, and molecular crosstalk between TFs in drought resistance. This review aims to familiarize readers with the regulatory network of TFs in drought resistance and to provide a reference for examining the molecular mechanisms of drought resistance in plants and improving agronomic traits.
World Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology (WABIP) guidelines on airway stenting for malignant central airway obstruction
Authors: Chaddha Udit , Agrawal Abhinav , Kurman Jonathan , Ortiz‐Comino Rosamaria , Dutau Herve , Freitag Lutz , Trisolini Rocco , Dooms Christophe , Zuccatosta Lina , Gasparini Stefano , Herth Felix , Saka Hideo , Lee Pyng , Fielding David , Oki Masahide , Rosell Antoni , Murgu Septimiu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMalignant Central Airway Obstruction (MCAO) encompasses significant and symptomatic narrowing of the central airways that can occur due to primary lung cancer or metastatic disease. Therapeutic bronchoscopy is associated with high technical success and symptomatic relief and includes a wide range of airway interventions including airway stents. Published literature suggests that stenting practices vary significantly across the world primarily due to lack of guidance. This document aims to address this knowledge gap by addressing relevant questions related to airway stenting in MCAO. An international group of 17 experts from 17 institutions across 11 countries with experience in using airway stenting for MCAO was convened as part of this guideline statement through the World Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology (WABIP). We performed a literature and internet search for reports addressing six clinically relevant questions. This guideline statement, consisting of recommendations addressing these six PICO questions, was formulated by a systematic and rigorous process involving the evaluation of published evidence, augmented with expert experience when necessary. Panel members participated in the development of the final recommendations using the modified Delphi technique.image
SRS 16‐86 promotes diabetic nephropathy recovery by regulating ferroptosis
Authors: Qiao Yingchun , Sun Chao , Kan Shunli , He Lu , Wang Yawen , Gao Huajun , Zhang Yingying , Cheng You , Wang Shuai , Zhao Long , Niu Wenyan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), and cell death plays an important role. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered type of iron‐dependent cell death and one that is different from other kinds of cell death including apoptosis and necrosis. However, ferroptosis has not been described in the context of DN. This study explored the role of ferroptosis in DN pathophysiology and aimed to confirm the efficacy of the ferroptosis inhibitor SRS 16‐86 on DN. Streptozotocin injection was used to establish the DM and DN animal models. To investigate the presence or occurrence of ferroptosis in DN, we assessed the concentrations of iron, reactive oxygen species and specific markers associated with ferroptosis in a rat model of DN. Additionally, we performed haematoxylin–eosin staining, blood biochemistry, urine biochemistry and kidney function analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the ferroptosis inhibitor SRS 16‐86 in ameliorating DN. We found that SRS 16‐86 could improve the recovery of renal function after DN by upregulating glutathione peroxidase 4, glutathione and system xc−light chain and by downregulating the lipid peroxidation markers and 4‐hydroxynonenal. SRS 16‐86 treatment could improve renal organization after DN. The inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β and tumour necrosis factor α and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 were significantly decreased following SRS 16‐86 treatment after DN. The results indicate that there is a strong connection between ferroptosis and the pathological mechanism of DN. The efficacy of the ferroptosis inhibitor SRS 16‐86 in DN repair supports its use as a new therapeutic treatment for DN.
Numerical Investigations of Flows and Heat Transfer in Turbine Disk Cavities
Authors: Beaux Jean-Hugues , Girardeau Julian , Khelladi Sofiane , Deligant Michael , Perilhon Christelle 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In gas turbines, the stator wells play a key role in the efficiency of the turbomachine. The research for performance gains requires a good understanding and an accurate modeling of the flows and heat transfers occurring in these areas. Within the framework of the European program main annulus gas path interaction (MAGPI) WP1, a two-stage axial turbine test rig provided an experimental database used to validate the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. The aim of this study is to setup a numerical methodology using the CFD solver ANSYSFluent to accurately predict the conjugate heat transfer in the stator well area. The validation of the methodology relies on thorough comparison of the results with the MAGPI WP1 experimental temperature/pressure measurements. A geometry with axial cooling injection through lock plate slot was chosen. A Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) three-dimensional sectorized CFD model of the turbine with conjugate heat transfer was used. It includes main gas path, cavities with labyrinths, disks rotor, the casing, and the nozzle guide vanes (NGV). Mixing planes are placed between the static and rotating frames. Different influences (mesh, turbulence model, thermal boundary conditions, radial labyrinths clearances) were studied and compared with experimental data. As a baseline, the first calculations were performed with a cooling flowrate chosen so that hot gas ingresses from the main stream into the stator well cavity. Good agreements between predicted and measured temperatures/pressures were observed, especially in the vicinity of the stator well. Discrepancies were spotted at the first rotor hub endwall and at the upstream wheelspace and will be discussed. Two other cooling configurations were conducted, one with cooling air exiting from the disk rim cavity to the main gas path and the other with the lowest cooling flowrate and so the highest ingress. Finally, the turbine performance under nonadiabatic conditions has been evaluated with an appropriate efficiency definition.
Lower Bound for Independence Covering in
C
4
-free Graphs
Authors: Kuhn Michael , Lokshtanov Daniel , Miller Zachary 
Published: May 2024

An
independent set
in a graph
G
is a set
S
of pairwise non-adjacent vertices in
G
. A family

\(\mathcal {F}\)

of independent sets in
G
is called a
k
-
independence covering family
if for every independent set
I
in
G
of size at most
k
, there exists an

\(S \in \mathcal {F}\)

such that

\(I \subseteq S\)

. Lokshtanov et al.
(ACM Transactions on Algorithms
, 2020) showed that graphs of degeneracy
d
admit
k
-independence covering families of size

\(\binom{k(d+1)}{k} \cdot 2^{o(kd)} \cdot \log n\)

and used this result to design efficient parameterized algorithms for a number of problems, including
Stable Odd Cycle Transversal
and
Stable Multicut
.

In light of the results of Lokshtanov et al.
(ACM Transactions on Algorithms,
2020) it is quite natural to ask whether even more general families of graphs admit
k
-independence covering families of size

\(f(k)n^{O(1)}\)

. Graphs that exclude a complete bipartite graph

\(K_{d+1,d+1}\)

with

\(d+1\)

vertices on both sides as a subgraph, called

\(K_{d+1,d+1}\)

-
free graphs
, are a frequently considered generalization of
d
-degenerate graphs. This motivates the question of whether

\(K_{d,d}\)

-free graphs admit
k
-independence covering families of size

\(f(k,d)n^{O(1)}\)

. Our main result is a resounding “no” to this question—specifically, we prove that even

\(K_{2,2}\)

-free graphs (or equivalently

\(C_4\)

-free graphs) do not admit
k
-independence covering families of size

\(f(k)n^{\frac{k}{4}-\epsilon }\)

.