bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health information support provided by professional associations in Canada
Authors: Chatterley Trish , Storie Dale , Chambers Thane , Buckingham Jeanette , Shiri Ali , Dorgan Marlene 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare practitioners in Alberta and across Canada have varying levels of access to information resources depending on their institutional and professional affiliations, yet access to current health information is critical for all.ObjectivesTo determine what information resources and services are provided by Albertan and Canadian professional health associations to their members.MethodsRepresentatives of professional colleges and associations were interviewed regarding information resources and services offered to members and perceptions of their members' information needs.ResultsNational‐level associations are more likely to provide resources than provincial ones. There is a clear distinction between colleges and associations in terms of information offered: colleges provide regulatory information, while associations are responsible for provision of clinical information resources. Only half of the associations interviewed provide members with access to licensed databases, with cost being a major barrier.ConclusionsThere is considerable variation in the number of electronic resources and the levels of information support provided by professional health associations in Alberta and Canada. Access and usage vary among the health professions. National licensing of resources or creation of a portal linking to freely available alternatives are potential options for increasing access and awareness.
SHPS‐1 deficiency induces robust neuroprotection against experimental stroke by attenuating oxidative stress
Authors: Wang Lang , Lu Yanyun , Deng Shan , Zhang Yan , Yang Li , Guan Yu , Matozaki Takashi , Ohnishi Hiroshi , Jiang Hong , Li Hongliang 
Published: June 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 834–843.AbstractSrc homology 2 domain–containing protein tyrosine phosphatase substrate–1 (SHPS‐1), also known as Signal‐regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) or SIRPA is a transmembrane protein that is predominantly expressed in neurons, dendritic cells, and macrophages. This study was conducted to investigate the role of SHPS‐1 in the oxidative stress and brain damage induced by acute focal cerebral ischemia. Wild‐type (WT) and SHPS‐1 mutant (MT) mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (60 min) followed by reperfusion. SHPS‐1 MT mice had significantly reduced infarct volumes and improved neurological function after brain ischemia. In addition, neural injury and oxidative stress were inhibited in SHPS‐1 MT mice. The mRNA and protein levels of the antioxidant genes nuclear factor‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 were up‐regulated in SHPS‐1 MT mice. The SHPS‐1 mutation suppressed the phosphorylation of SHP‐1 and SHP‐2 and increased the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β. These results provide the first demonstration that SHPS‐1 plays an important role in the oxidative stress and brain injury induced by acute cerebral ischemia. The activation of Akt signaling and the up‐regulation of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase 1 likely account for the protective effects that were observed in the SHPS‐1 MT mice.
“The Economics of Reform in the Middle Ages”
Authors: Jasper Kathryn L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractScholarship has long recognized the primary economic mission of eleventh‐century Church reform as the restitution and protection of ecclesiastical property. Most monographs on the subject of reform regard the economic changes of the period as fundamental to wider negotiations of power. While the study of land tenure offers one context in which to examine how customary authority and canon law intersect, more recent work reveals a much more complex landscape of economic concerns. In particular, some excellent studies published in the last two decades consider the relationship between reform polemic and its manifestation on the ground. The interpretive shift towards a focus on local reform movements and the move towards studying the economic aspects of reform should often go hand in hand. In this way, we may arrive at a more holistic understanding of the economic issues raised during the most intense period of reform, from 1046 (Synod of Sutri) to 1122 (Concordat of Worms).
Comparative Communist History and the ‘Biographical Turn’
Authors: Morgan Kevin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe historiography of European communism has enjoyed a new lease of life since the opening up of communist archives in the early 1990s. There now exist major monographic studies of most European communist parties in the period of the Communist International (1919–1943). New perspectives have been provided on concepts like stalinism and stalinisation. A more recent body of work looks at the construction of communist identities and the communist politics of memory. This review article focuses on what has been described as the biographical turn in communist historiography. The currently prolific interest in biography of historians of communism may in part be regarded as a historiographical catching‐up exercise; it allows the provision of a familiar genre of historical writing which was hitherto little explored due to lack of appropriate sources. While the value of conventional biography is recognised here, possibilities for further development are identified with more innovative conceptions of the biographical framework. These include comparative or collective biography, the political uses of biographical capital and the construction of communist life histories and ‘work upon the self’.
Lanthanum and Neodymium Solubility in Simplified SiO2–B2O3–Na2O–Al2O3–CaO High Level Waste Glass
Authors: Kidari Abdessamad , Dussossoy Jean‐Luc , Brackx Emmanuelle , Caurant Daniel , Magnin Magali , Bardez‐Giboire Isabelle 
Published: June 2012

Lanthanum and neodymium incorporation in simplified high level waste glasses has been investigated for
SiO

2–
B

2

O

3–
Na

2

O
–
Al

2

O

3–
CaO
compositions quenched from 1200°C, for varying
La
/(
La
+
Nd
) (atomic) and increasing rare‐earth oxides contents. In this system and beyond the solubility limit, rare‐earths (RE) elements are reported to form apatite phases with the general formula
Ca

2
RE
8(
SiO

4)6

O

2. In the current study, speciation of these trivalent RE
3+ cations in both amorphous network and crystal phases was determined from X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical absorption at 10 K, Raman spectroscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. It appeared that RE
2

O

3 solubility was higher for
La
‐rich formulations than for
Nd
‐rich ones and that an increase in the RE oxide content reduces the connectivity of the network building units through formation of non‐bridging oxygens at the expense of the oxygen bridges. This depolymerization of the glass network did not affect neodymium environment which consisted in silicate tetrahedra. The composition of the apatite crystals was found to be affected by the
La
/(
La
+
Nd
) of the parent glass and deviation from the ideal composition (
Ca

2
RE
8(
SiO

4)6

O

2) occurred in the neodymium end of the system. It thus appears that both RE
2

O

3 solubility and crystal composition are strongly dependent on the type and crystal chemistry of the RE elements.
Tracing the evolution of the aggregate U.S. milk supply elasticity using a herd dynamics model
Authors: Bozic Marin , Kanter Christopher A. , Gould Brian W. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract: The U.S. dairy sector is characterized by increasing volatility of milk prices, and consolidation in production as evidenced by declining number of dairy farms with an increasingly larger share of milk supplied from a small number of very large farms. Using aggregate national data, we build a mixed‐frequency herd dynamics econometric model of the U.S. milk supply that updates and substantially amends the model first proposed by Chavas and Klemme. We implement a dynamic residual‐based bootstrap technique that can be used in testing for changes in nonmarginal simulated long‐run supply responsiveness, and trace the evolution of long‐run milk supply elasticity from 1975 through 2010. Several papers in the past have suggested that long‐run supply elasticity increases with dairy farm size, which implies that increased importance of large farms would increase aggregate long‐run supply responsiveness. Contrary to this conclusion, we find a declining trend in long‐run supply elasticity from 1975 through 2005. Persistence of such a decline would be a major cause for worry, as ever larger price swings would be needed to equilibrate the market in face of demand shocks. However, we find that milk supply is becoming more responsive since 2005 both to milk and feed price changes. Increasing responsiveness to feed prices further justifies focusing the next generation of the dairy policy instruments on managing dairy profit margins rather than just revenue streams.
Price formation in the German biodiesel supply chain: a Markov‐switching vector error‐correction modeling approach
Authors: Busse Stefan , Brümmer Bernhard , Ihle Rico 
Published: June 2012

AbstractChanging linkages between agricultural and energy markets have attracted considerable attention in research and policy discussions during recent years. As one of the largest biofuel markets worldwide, the German biodiesel market is of particular interest. It has grown rapidly since the beginning of the new millennium, with this growth being driven mainly by political interventions. Vertical price transmission channels along the biodiesel supply chain are analyzed in this study. We examine the relationship between diesel and biodiesel prices, and between rapeseed oil, soy oil, and biodiesel prices between 2002 and 2008. Due to pronounced changes in market conditions and the policy framework, a regime‐dependent Markov‐switching vector error‐correction model is used. The regimes are characterized by markedly different price adjustment behaviors. Before 2005 and from late 2007 onward, a regime characterized by the strong orientation of biodiesel prices toward diesel prices dominates. Between 2005 and 2007, biodiesel and rapeseed oil prices are mutually interdependent. Frequent switches between the regimes of the price dynamics during this period indicate a high extent of uncertainty and instability in the market.
Normal nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in brown lemursEulemur fulvus: computed tomography and cross‐sectional anatomy
Authors: Mogicato Giovanni , Raharison Fidiniaina , Ravakarivelo Monique , Sautet Jean 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground Far less is known about the normal anatomy of the nasal cavity ofEulemur fulvus; no computed tomography (CT) scan has ever been published.Methods Relevant CT scans were taken in the transverse, dorsal and longitudinal planes. These scans were compared with anatomical sections of heads.Results Computed tomography scans revealed almost all nasal structures, but cannot differentiate between the various layers of the nasal mucosa. Results show a double‐scroll arrangement of the ventral nasal concha. The dorsal nasal concha protrudes into the maxillary sinus, but no protrusion into the frontal sinus was observed. The ethmoturbinate I is completely closed back on itself and rostrally voluminous.Conclusions This work shows that at a clinical level, the integrity of the different turbinates can easily be appreciated from a simple CT scan. It will assist clinicians to evaluate pathological conditions that affect the nasal region.
Evaluation epidermal p53 immunostaining by digital image analysis
Authors: Brianezi Gabrielli , Minicucci Eliana Maria , Marques Mariângela Esther Alencar , Miot Hélio Amante 
Published: June 2012

Background/purposeDigital techniques have been developed and validated to assess semiquantitatively immunohistochemical nuclear staining. Currently visual classification is the standard for qualitative nuclear evaluation. Analysis of pixels that represents the immunohistochemical labeling can be more sensitive, reproducible and objective than visual grading. This study compared two semiquantitative techniques of digital image analysis with three techniques of visual analysis imaging to estimate the p53 nuclear immunostaining.MethodsSixty‐three sun‐exposed forearm‐skin biopsies were photographed and submitted to three visual analyses of images: the qualitative visual evaluation method (0 to 4 + ), the percentage of labeled nuclei and HSCORE. Digital image analysis was performed using ImageJ 1.45p; the density of nuclei was scored per ephitelial area (DensNU) and the pixel density was established in marked suprabasal epithelium (DensPSB).ResultsStatistical significance was found in: the agreement and correlation among the visual estimates of evaluators, correlation among the median visual score of the evaluators, the HSCORE and the percentage of marked nuclei with the DensNU and DensPSB estimates. DensNU was strongly correlated to the percentage of p53‐marked nuclei in the epidermis, and DensPSB with the HSCORE.ConclusionThe parameters presented herein can be applied in routine analysis of immunohistochemical nuclear staining of epidermis.
Detection and visualization of intracutaneous allergic type‐specific elements using long‐wavelength near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Nishino Ken , Fujiyama Toshiharu , Hashizume Hideo , Nakauchi Shigeki 
Published: June 2012

Background/purposeThis study aimed to develop a method for the assessment of allergic dermatitis by using the long‐wavelength near‐infrared spectrum (more than 1000 nm) to detect intracutaneous allergic type‐specific elements. Such a method was realized by establishing a spectral classifier for the spectra of type I and type IV allergic dermatitis reactions.MethodsNear‐infrared spectral images of histamine‐induced cutaneous reaction (type I) and contact hypersensitivity erythema elicited by squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE; type IV) were obtained, and the absorption spectra of normal and inflamed skin were extracted from these spectral images. A spectral classifier was established from these training datasets, and it was then applied to two test cases, red flare by methyl nicotinate (normal) and metal allergy (type IV).ResultsThe spectral classifier established by canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) achieved very accurate detection (normal: 87.67%, type I: 87.00%, type IV: 98.5%). Furthermore, the test cases were also correctly classified: the red flare induced by methyl nicotinate was categorized as normal skin and the metal allergy was categorized as a type IV allergic reaction.ConclusionsThese results suggest a possible application of near‐infrared spectral imaging to the assessment of allergic dermatitis.
Marathon of eponyms: 26 Zinsser‐Engman‐Cole syndrome (Dyskeratosis congenita)
Authors: Scully C , Langdon J , Evans J 
Published: June 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 522–523The use of eponyms has long been contentious, but many remain in common use, as discussed elsewhere (Editorial: Oral Diseases. 2009: 15; 185). The use of eponyms in diseases of the head and neck is found mainly in specialties dealing with medically compromised individuals (paediatric dentistry, special care dentistry, oral and maxillofacial medicine, oral and maxillofacial pathology, oral and maxillofacial radiology and oral and maxillofacial surgery) and particularly by hospital‐centred practitioners. This series has selected some of the more recognised relevant eponymous conditions and presents them alphabetically. The information is based largely on data available from MEDLINE and a number of internet websites as noted below: the authors would welcome any corrections. This document summarises data about Zinsser‐Engman‐Cole syndrome.
Saliva and blood interferon gamma levels and IFNG genotypes in acute graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Resende RG , Correia‐Silva JDF , Silva TA , Xavier SG , Bittencourt H , Gomez RS , Abreu MHNG 
Published: June 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 816–822Objective:  Graft‐versus‐host disease is a major complication after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Interferon gamma is an important pro‐inflammatory cytokine involved in this disease. Cytokine gene polymorphisms are associated with functional differences in cytokine expression and can alter the clinical course of graft‐versus‐host disease. This study aimed to investigate the association between IFN‐γ levels in saliva, blood, and IFNG polymorphisms, as well as the occurrence of acute graft‐versus‐host disease in allogenic HSCT.Subjects and Methods:  Fifty‐eight consecutive allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients and their donors were prospectively studied. IFN‐g levels in saliva and blood were assessed by ELISA. Samples were collected weekly from 7 days before transplantation (day −7) to 100 days after allogenic HSCT (day +100) or until death. Saliva and/or blood samples were obtained from the recipients and donors to determine IFNG gene polymorphisms.Results:  Increased saliva and blood IFN‐g levels were observed in patients that had developed aGVHD. In the saliva, the peak levels of IFN‐g could be found one week before aGVHD diagnosis, while in the blood, peak levels of IFN‐g could be only observed upon diagnosis. A significant association could be identified between the recipients’IFNG genotypes and the IFN‐g levels in their blood, at +14 days after HSCT. No association could be observed between IFNG gene polymorphisms and the aGVHD.Conclusion:  The present study shows that the genetic background of recipients can influence the production of IFN‐g. Moreover, as IFN‐g levels in the saliva and blood were found to be associated with aGVHD development, this cytokine may be a useful predictor of acute graft‐versus‐host disease.
Relationship between sagebrush species and structural characteristics and Landsat Thematic Mapper data
Authors: Sivanpillai Ramesh , Ewers Brent E. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractQuestionsDo the spectral patterns recorded by Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) for various sagebrush species differ from each other? Could ancillary data derived from topographic variables (elevation, slope and aspect) strengthen the relationship between sagebrush and spectral characteristics?LocationRawlins, Wyoming, USA.MethodsField data on sagebrush species and structural characteristics collected in 2005 were regressed against spectral values and transformed indices derived from Landsat TM data. Step‐wise regression methods were used to build (1) a combined model that ignored species and physical differences in sagebrush, and (2) four different models that took those differences in account. Parsimonious models were selected with significant independent variables that accounted for the largest amount of the ground‐measured variation in cover.ResultsIn the combined model, a subset of Landsat bands and topographic values accounted for 65% (P < 0.001) of variance in sagebrush canopy cover. However, when separate regression models were fitted based on species type (big and low sagebrush) and height (for big sagebrush only), Landsat data accounted for 71–85% (P < 0.001) of the ground measured variance.ConclusionsSpectral patterns of sagebrush species and their physical characteristics were distinguishable with Landsat TM data. Transformed indices derived from Landsat data accounted for more variance than the original spectral bands. Future research should focus on testing the relationship between Landsat TM data and sites where sagebrush is present with other vegetation to facilitate landscape and regional mapping of changing sagebrush ecosystems.
Simultaneous Total Corporal Reconstruction and Implantation of a Penile Prosthesis in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction and Severe Fibrosis of the Corpora Cavernosa
Authors: Sansalone Salvatore , Garaffa Giulio , Djinovic Rados , Antonini Gabriele , Vespasiani Giuseppe , Ieria Francesco Pio , Cimino Sebastiano , Loreto Carla , Ralph David J 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Implantation of a penile prosthesis in severely scarred corporal bodies represents a great challenge as fibrosis can compromise dilatation and subsequent closure of the corpora cavernosa and limit size, type, and function of the device.

Aim
The aim of this study is to report our experience of simultaneous corporeal reconstruction and penile prosthesis implantation in patients with severe penile contracture consequence of diffuse fibrosis.

Methods
Between March 2006 and February 2010, 18 patients with severe penile contracture and coporeal fibrosis underwent simultaneous corporeal reconstruction and placement of a penile prosthesis.

Main Outcome Measures
Surgical outcome and complications have been recorded during postoperative follow-up. Patients’ satisfaction has been assessed 6 months postoperatively with the administration of the modified Erectile Dysfunction Index of Treatment Satisfaction questionnaire.

Results
Although the dilatation of the corpora was extremely difficult due to the severe fibrosis, a penile prosthesis has been implanted in all patients. A malleable penile prosthesis has been inserted in four patients and a three-piece inflatable device in the remainder. After an average follow-up of 26 months (range 6–36), revision surgery was required in four patients (elective exchange to three-piece inflatable device in three patients and upsizing of the implant in one patient). Although all patients were able to achieve penetrative sexual intercourse, four patients were partially dissatisfied because of significant penile shortening.

Conclusion
In expert hands, simultaneous penile prosthesis implantation and corporal reconstruction of severely scarred corpora yield satisfactory results. Patients must be warned that complication rate in presence of severe fibrosis is significantly higher than in virgin cases and that downsized cylinders might be required due to the contracture of the tunica albuginea.