bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Benign Vocal Fold Lesions: A Team Approach
Authors: Woodnorth Geralyn Harvey , Nuss Roger C. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Many children with dysphonia present with benign vocal fold lesions, including bilateral vocal fold nodules, cysts, vocal fold varices, and scarring. Evaluation and treatment of these children are best undertaken in a thoughtful and coordinated manner involving both the speech-language pathologist and the otolaryngologist. The goals of this article are (a) to describe the team evaluation process based on a “whole system” approach; (b) to discuss etiological factors and diagnosis; and (c) to review current medical, behavioral, and surgical treatments for children with different types of dysphonia.
Special Considerations in the Management of the Pediatric Voice and Airway Patient
Authors: Kelchner Lisa , de Alarcon Alessandro , Weinrich Barbara , Brehm Susan Baker 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChildren who need or have undergone airway reconstruction often present challenges for the treating otolaryngologist and speech-language pathologist. Crucial care issues include establishing a patent laryngeal and tracheal airway that meets the demands of childhood development. Related concerns, such as maintaining functional and structural support for voicing and active airway protection, require specialized management approaches.The pediatric airway reconstruction literature is limited, given that this is a relatively low incidence population and the fact that there are few pediatric airway/voice centers who manage large numbers of these children. Most published articles highlight the success of the various surgical procedures to accomplish reconnection of the upper and lower airway and, thus, decannulation, while others also have attempted to characterize voice outcomes. Frequently, clinical discussions lament the airway/voice “trade-off” that can occur when trying to expand an airway to achieve comfortable, safe respiration and yet maintain or acquire an acceptable voice quality. As a child grows, these circumstances can complicate management decisions, causing concern for parents, patients, and clinicians alike. The following is an overview of the main issues surrounding the assessment and treatment of the pediatric airway patient from both the physician and speech-language pathologist's perspective.
The Science Case for PILOT III: the Nearby Universe
Authors: Lawrence J. S. , Ashley M. C. B. , Bailey J. , Barrado y Navascues D. , Bedding T. R. , Bland-Hawthorn J. , Bond I. , Bruntt H. , Burton M. G. , Cioni M.-R. , Eiroa C. , Epchtein N. , Kiss L. , Lagage P. O. , Minier V. , Mora A. , Olsen K. , Persi P. , Saunders W. , Stello D. , Storey J. W. V. , Tinney C. , Yock P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPILOT (the Pathfinder for an International Large Optical Telescope) is a proposed 2.5-m optical/infrared telescope to be located at Dome C on the Antarctic plateau. The atmospheric conditions at Dome C deliver a high sensitivity, high photometric precision, wide-field, high spatial resolution, and high-cadence imaging capability to the PILOT telescope. These capabilities enable a unique scientific potential for PILOT, which is addressed in this series of papers. The current paper presents a series of projects dealing with the nearby Universe that have been identified as key science drivers for the PILOT facility. Several projects are proposed that examine stellar populations in nearby galaxies and stellar clusters in order to gain insight into the formation and evolution processes of galaxies and stars. A series of projects will investigate the molecular phase of the Galaxy and explore the ecology of star formation, and investigate the formation processes of stellar and planetary systems. Three projects in the field of exoplanet science are proposed: a search for free-floating low-mass planets and dwarfs, a program of follow-up observations of gravitational microlensing events, and a study of infrared light-curves for previously discovered exoplanets. Three projects are also proposed in the field of planetary and space science: optical and near-infrared studies aimed at characterising planetary atmospheres, a study of coronal mass ejections from the Sun, and a monitoring program searching for small-scale Low Earth Orbit satellite debris items.
The PULSE@Parkes Project: a New Observing Technique for Long-Term Pulsar Monitoring
Authors: Hobbs G. , Hollow R. , Champion D. , Khoo J. , Yardley D. , Carr M. , Keith M. , Jenet F. , Amy S. , Burgay M. , Burke-Spolaor S. , Chapman J. , Danaia L. , Homewood B. , Kovacevic A. , Mao M. , McKinnon D. , Mulcahy M. , Oslowski S. , van Straten W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe PULSE@Parkes project has been designed to monitor the rotation of radio pulsars over time spans of days to years. The observations are obtained using the Parkes 64-m and 12-m radio telescopes by Australian and international high school students. These students learn the basis of radio astronomy and undertake small projects with their observations. The data are fully calibrated and obtained with the state-of-the-art pulsar hardware available at Parkes. The final data sets are archived and are currently being used to carry out studies of 1) pulsar glitches, 2) timing noise, 3) pulse profile stability over long time scales and 4) the extreme nulling phenomenon. The data are also included in other projects such as gamma-ray observatory support and for the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array project. In this paper we describe the current status of the project and present the first scientific results from the Parkes 12-m radio telescope. We emphasise that this project offers a straightforward means to enthuse high school students and the general public about radio astronomy while obtaining scientifically valuable data sets.
MicroRazerS: rapid alignment of small RNA reads
Authors: Emde Anne-Katrin , Grunert Marcel , Weese David , Reinert Knut , Sperling Silke R. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Deep sequencing has become the method of choice for determining the small RNA content of a cell. Mapping the sequenced reads onto their reference genome serves as the basis for all further analyses, namely for identification and quantification. A method frequently used is Mega BLAST followed by several filtering steps, even though it is slow and inefficient for this task. Also, none of the currently available short read aligners has established itself for the particular task of small RNA mapping.
Results: We present MicroRazerS, a tool optimized for mapping small RNAs onto a reference genome. It is an order of magnitude faster than Mega BLAST and comparable in speed with other short read mapping tools. In addition, it is more sensitive and easy to handle and adjust.
Availability: MicroRazerS is part of the SeqAn C++ library and can be downloaded from http://www.seqan.de/projects/MicroRazerS.html.
Contact: emde@inf.fu-berlin.de; grunert@molgen.mpg.de
Sfp-Type 4′-Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Is Indispensable for Fungal Pathogenicity
Authors: Horbach Ralf , Graf Alexander , Weihmann Fabian , Antelo Luis , Mathea Sebastian , Liermann Johannes C. , Opatz Till , Thines Eckhard , Aguirre Jesús , Deising Holger B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn filamentous fungi, Sfp-type 4′-phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases) activate enzymes involved in primary (α-aminoadipate reductase [AAR]) and secondary (polyketide synthases and nonribosomal peptide synthetases) metabolism. We cloned the PPTase gene PPT1 of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola and generated PPTase-deficient mutants (Δppt1). Δppt1 strains were auxotrophic for Lys, unable to synthesize siderophores, hypersensitive to reactive oxygen species, and unable to synthesize polyketides (PKs). A differential analysis of secondary metabolites produced by wild-type and Δppt1 strains led to the identification of six novel PKs. Infection-related morphogenesis was affected in Δppt1 strains. Rarely formed appressoria of Δppt1 strains were nonmelanized and ruptured on intact plant. The hyphae of Δppt1 strains colonized wounded maize (Zea mays) leaves but failed to generate necrotic anthracnose disease symptoms and were defective in asexual sporulation. To analyze the pleiotropic pathogenicity phenotype, we generated AAR-deficient mutants (Δaar1) and employed a melanin-deficient mutant (M1.502). Results indicated that PPT1 activates enzymes required at defined stages of infection. Melanization is required for cell wall rigidity and appressorium function, and Lys supplied by the AAR1 pathway is essential for necrotrophic development. As PPTase-deficient mutants of Magnaporthe oryzea were also nonpathogenic, we conclude that PPTases represent a novel fungal pathogenicity factor.
A Population Genomics Study of theArabidopsisCore Cell Cycle Genes Shows the Signature of Natural Selection
Authors: Sterken Roel , Kiekens Raphaël , Coppens Emmy , Vercauteren Ilse , Zabeau Marc , Inzé Dirk , Flowers Jonathan , Vuylsteke Marnik 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLarge-scale comparison of sequence polymorphism and divergence at numerous genomic loci within and between closely related species can reveal signatures of natural selection. Here, we present a population genomics study based on direct sequencing of 61 mitotic cell cycle genes from 30 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions and comparison of the resulting data to the close relative Arabidopsis lyrata. We found that the Arabidopsis core cell cycle (CCC) machinery is not highly constrained but is subject to different modes of selection. We found patterns of purifying selection for the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), CDK subunit, retinoblastoma, and WEE1 gene families. Other CCC gene families often showed a mix of one or two constrained genes and relaxed purifying selection on the other genes. We found several large effect mutations in CDKB1;2 that segregate in the species. We found a strong signature of adaptive protein evolution in the Kip-related protein KRP6 and departures from equilibrium at CDKD;1 and CYCA3;3 consistent with the operation of selection in these gene regions. Our data suggest that within Arabidopsis, the genetic robustness of cell cycle–related processes is more due to functional redundancy than high selective constraint.
Evolution of Allometry inAntirrhinum
Authors: Feng Xianzhong , Wilson Yvette , Bowers Jennifer , Kennaway Richard , Bangham Andrew , Hannah Andrew , Coen Enrico , Hudson Andrew 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCorrelated variation in shape and size (allometry) is a major component of natural diversity. We examined the evolutionary and genetic basis for allometry using leaves and flower petals of snapdragon species (Antirrhinum). A computational method was developed to capture shape and size variation in both types of organ within the Antirrhinum species group. The results show that the major component of variation between species involves positively correlated changes in leaf and petal size. The correlation was maintained in an F2 population derived from crossing two species with organs of different sizes, suggesting that developmental constraints were involved. Identification of the underlying genes as quantitative trait loci revealed that the larger species carried alleles that increased organ size at all loci. Although this was initially taken as evidence that directional selection has driven diversity in both leaf and petal size, simulations revealed that evolution without consistent directional selection, an undirected walk, could also account for the parental distribution of organ size alleles.
Consumer‐awareness and information sources on food safety
Authors: Koç Beşir , Ceylan Melike 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of the sources and means of communications that inform consumers about food risks. Another basic aim of this study is to identify certain effects of communication, such as a change, if any, in consumers' purchasing habits as a result of information they obtain.Design/methodology/approachField research was carried out in urban areas of Van province, which is located in the eastern part of Turkey. Questionnaire surveys were conducted through face‐to‐face interviews with consumers. The sample size was 300 determined using sampling selection method. The data obtained were classified and interpreted according to the education level of the consumers. Chi‐square analyses were added to selected charts. In addition, correspondence analysis was used to analyze the general characteristics of consumers related to change in consumption habits and information level regarding the organizations, which supervise food enterprises.FindingsTelevision was the main information source about food safety for all groups. It was found that consumers changed their food purchasing habits according to the information they received from various sources. However, unlike other groups, those with the lowest educational level mostly took information from health professionals. It was found that 85 percent of participants with a university‐level education changed their food purchasing behavior, compared with 56 percent of the participants in the lower educated consumer group. While 46 percent of participants preferred only food products with a quality guarantee, 29 percent of consumers stopped purchasing the food product and 18 percent of consumers began to pay greater attention to food labeling.Originality/valueThis study assessed changes in consumer attitudes towards the consumption of food products during the preceding 6 months after receiving information from various communication tools regarding food safety.
Rutin alters fatty acid composition in diabetic tissues
Authors: Kamalakkannan Narasimhanaidu , Alnumair Khalid S. 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the role of rutin, a polyphenolic flavonoid on the fatty acid composition in liver and kidney of streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats.Design/methodology/approachExtensive literature review was carried out and no reports on the effect of rutin on the fatty acid composition in diabetic tissues were found.FindingsStreptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats showed altered lipid concentration in liver and kidney. The fatty acid composition was also altered in these tissues. Treatment with rutin to diabetic rats significantly decreased the concentration of palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid, whereas linolenic and arachidonic acids were significantly increased in liver and kidney of diabetic rats. Rutin administration to normal rats did not show any significant effect on the fatty acid composition in liver and kidney.Originality/valueThis paper gives an idea of the changes in the fatty acid composition of diabetic tissues and during treatment with rutin.
Effects of low‐fat and low‐GI diets on health
Authors: Apekey Tanefa A. , Morris Anne J.E. , Fagbemi Shamusi , Griffiths Graham J. 
Published: October 2009

PurposeExcess weight and poor quality diets are known to be major and manageable causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) but the optimal diet for the prevention and reduction of CVD risk is not known. The purpose of this paper is to compare the effects of low‐fat and low‐GI diets on weight loss, liver function and CVD risk factors.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 18 overweight/obese females were randomly assigned to eight weeks of either isocalorie (1,200 kcal day) low‐fat (<20 per cent energy intake as fat) or low‐GI (≤40 per cent energy intake as carbohydrate) diet. Participants kept a one week food and drink intake diary prior to starting the prescribed diet (week 0) and during weeks 4 and 8 of the diet. BMI, blood pressure, serum lipids, AST and ALT concentrations were measured at specific time intervals.FindingsThe low‐fat group reported more adequate micronutrient intake than the low‐GI group. Mean weight, BMI and systolic blood pressure reduced significantly in each group but there was no significant difference between groups. There was no significant change in mean LDL, HDL and total cholesterol concentration within and between groups. Mean triglyceride reduced significantly (33 per cent) in the low‐GI group but there was no significant change in the low‐fat group. The low‐GI diet significantly reduced ALT concentration by 16 per cent after four weeks but there was no significant change for the low‐fat group.Originality/valueThe paper shows that a low‐GI diet may be more effective at reducing CVD risk and improving liver function than a low‐fat diet. This extends data on a previous studies that compared low‐fat and low‐GI diets.
Service dominant logic
Authors: Kasouf Chickery J. , Darroch Jenny , Hultman Claes M. , Miles Morgan P. 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the implications of service dominant logic (SDL) on the marketing/entrepreneurship interface.Design/methodology/approachThis paper integrates research from co‐creation and service dominant logic with entrepreneurship to explore the value of SDL for entrepreneurial marketing organizations.FindingsThis paper offers insights on: the implications of SDL for entrepreneurship; the value of co‐creation in an entrepreneurial context; and an exploration of risk and co‐creation, mass customization, and scale production in an entrepreneurial marketing context.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the work of both academics and executives attempting to better understand the concepts of SDL and co‐creation and how they might be leveraged to create advantage. In addition, a set of research implications is offered pertaining to co‐creation and SDL in an entrepreneurial marketing context.
Marketing/entrepreneurship interface research priorities (2010‐2012)
Authors: Uslay Can , Teach Richard D. 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe goal of this paper is to provide leadership and guidance to scholars interested/working on the marketing/entrepreneurship interface (MEI) and those in the related fields of marketing and entrepreneurship, and drive the research agenda through the use of collective intelligence. As such, this research note aims to publicize the research priorities gathered from the collective wisdom of the field.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaires and interviews were utilized to gather information in multiple stages.FindingsA three‐tier structure of research priorities was identified. The authors hope that accomplishments and progress towards these research priorities will be documented in the next iterations of an ongoing effort for gathering, updating, publicizing, and utilizing MEI research priorities.Originality/valueThis research note presents the MEI research priorities for 2010‐2012 in a three‐tier structure, describes the motivation for the initiative, the process used to construct the research priorities, and expected outcomes.
National standards of customer satisfaction in facilities management
Authors: Tucker Matthew , Pitt Michael 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the first stage of primary research undertaken to establish generic customer satisfaction benchmarks for the facilities management (FM) industry, and test whether the benchmarks can be strategically implemented into individual FM provider organisations to further enhance their existing performance measurement processes and subsequent service provision.Design/methodology/approachThe study proposes the development of a conceptual framework, the Customer Performance Measurement System (CPMS). The CPMS consists of four stages, and uses a mixed methodological strategy. This paper provides the findings from the first stage of the CPMS, to establish generic customer satisfaction benchmarks for the FM industry. This is undertaken through two annual customer satisfaction surveys in 2007 and 2008 across the UK and Ireland.FindingsThe paper establishes customer satisfaction benchmarks for individual FM services. The benchmarks identify trends between key variables of criticality, efficiency and service provision, including general variables regarding the performance of the FM team delivering the services and overall satisfaction with all services provided.Research limitations/implicationsThe research presented forms part of a wider study testing the concept of the CPMS framework. The paper provides an overview of the wider study, while focusing on the completion of the first stage of primary research.Originality/valueInformation on the application of customer satisfaction indicators within the industry is limited. This paper provides an insight into how customers perceive individual FM services within the UK and Ireland.
Indicators for evaluating environmental performance of the Hong Kong urban renewal projects
Authors: Lee Grace K.L. , Chan Edwin H.W. 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThis study is a follow‐up to the previous studies undertaken by the authors. The paper aims to develop a set of valid and reliable performance indicators to evaluate the environmental quality of a project in order to minimise the adverse impacts of urban renewal projects on the environment.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a brief introduction to the most critical environmentally sustainable factors that should be considered when planning an urban renewal project is provided. Then this study identifies criteria for the selection of indicators, and develops appropriate indicators and a corresponding points‐scoring system for six major environmental design criteria through a comprehensive literature review and with the help of a number of experts from industry and academia.FindingsThis study proposes a set of environmental performance indicators and a corresponding points‐scoring system for the assessment model derived in a previous study. A total of 12 indicators have been developed for six design criteria (i.e. two indicators per criterion) in which both quantitative and qualitative indicators are derived, and five different scales are adopted to score individual assessment indicators.Originality/valueBy developing relevant indicators, the parties concerned can easily identify whether a renewal project meets pre‐determined planning initiatives and environmental objectives. Once deficiencies are noted, the relevant parties can take immediate action to rectify and refine the design accordingly. It is expected that the environmental performance of a renewal project can be evaluated effectively against the benchmarks through the assessment process.
Six new approaches
Authors: Maxymuk John 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine some of the leading competitors to Google in searching the world wide web.Design/methodology/approachThis paper discusses six search engines that are alternatives to Google: Bing, Wolfram Alpha, Topsy, Scoopler, Scribd, and Data.govFindingsThe paper finds that all but Bing among the six search tools have a narrower and more defined approach than Google. Each has value in context.Originality/valueThe paper provides an evaluation of when these more specialized tools would be useful to internet searchers.