bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of Fibrinolytic Split Products in Human Serum by an Immunological Method in Spontaneous and Induced Fibrinolytic States
Authors: Niléhn Jan‐Erik , Nilsson Inga Marie 
Published: August 2010

Comparative immunoelectrophoresis – combining immunoelectrophoresis and diffusion in gel – with antiserum obtained by immunizing rabbits by split products isolated from human fibrinogen digested by a pure plasmin preparation proved useful for demonstrating even traces of degraded fibrinogen or fibrin in human serum.The method was found to be reliable and sensitive and to give positive results in samples even when fibrinogen was decreased by only 0.01 g per 100 ml or less.Split products were demonstrated in 58 of 68 individuals in whom fibrinolysis was induced by i.v. injection of nicotinic acid, pyrexal and streptokinase or by electroshock therapy or by venous stasis.The turnover rate of split products varied between 20 minutes and 72 hours depending on the amount of fibrinogen and/or fibrin broken down.The spontaneous occurrence of split products was studied. Split products were noted in 5 of 28 controls and in 20 of 73 patients with various diseases (acute myocardial infarction, leukaemia and different liver disorders).Good agreement was usually found between the occurrence of split products and of fibrinolysis demonstrated by the fibrin plate method and the euglobulin clot lysis time.The method is clinically useful and supplements other fibrinolytic assay methods.
Improvement of Methods of Differential Haemolysis by Haemoglobinometry
Authors: Mayer Klaus , D'Amaro Joseph 
Published: August 2010

The standard method of measuring red blood cell survival has been adopted to measure the haemoglobin of the supernatant haemolysate or of the unhaemolysed residual cells. Since haemoglobin determination is per se simpler and more precise than red cell counting, this technique was utilized. We have shown that this approach is practical, requires small quantities of blood and yields reliable and meaningful data with a minimum of equipment and effort.Above all, with this modification, we can do without the skilled technician, who alone is able to count free red cells in a morass of agglutinates.
Epsilon Amino Caproic Acid Therapy as a Cause of Intrarenal Obstruction in Haematuria of Haemophiliacs
Authors: Stark Stanley N. , White James G. , Langer Leonard , Krivit William 
Published: August 2010

1. Three patients with classic haemophilia presented with a similar intrarenal obstructive pattern. Two of the patients had been treated for idiopathic haematuria. The third patient developed the renal obstructive problem in his post‐operative period.2. The pyelography studies implicate an intrarenal unilateral obstructive mechanism in each patient as cause for abnormality. Intratubular fibrin deposition is suggested as a possibility.3. E‐ACA was being used as a therapeutic endeavor in all these patients and was discontinued just prior to the development of symptoms. The evidence presented suggests that the intrarenal obstruction may be secondary to E‐ACA therapy rather than a complication of the bleeding disease.
A Method for Simultaneous Determination of Iron Absorption, Plasma Volume, and Plasma Iron Turnover in Man
Authors: Hallberg Leif , Sölvell Lennart 
Published: August 2010

A method of using Fe55and Fe59for simultaneous determination of iron absorption, plasma volume, and plasma iron turnover in man is described.The validity of the method was tested and examples of the practical application was given in two subjects with iron deficiency anaemia before and after oral iron therapy.
The Plasma Cells of the Bone Marrow in Myelomatosis Treated with Alkeran® (Melphalan)
Authors: Axelsson Uno 
Published: August 2010

The cytological appearance of the bone marrow was studied during Alkeran treatment of 46 patients with myelomatosis. The plasma cell count had decreased in 39 per cent, it remained unchanged in 48 per cent and was increased in 13 per cent. The plasma cell count seems to be of little value in the appraisal of the effect of treatment, especially compared with that of the concentration of the M component.The only qualitative change seen was a disappearance of the nucleoli from the plasma cells in 4 cases.
Long‐Term Observation of Gastrectomized Rats with Regard to Development of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Authors: Nygaard Knut , Killander Andreas , Myhre Erik , Helsingen Nils 
Published: August 2010

The glandular portion of the stomach was removed in rats. The animals were given an excess of iron orally, and survived for 16–26 months in a good nutritional condition. Despite of impaired ability to absorb radioactive vitamin B12 and reduced levels of vitamin B12 in the serum and liver, the animals did not develop megaloblastic anaemia.Possible reasons for the absence of anaemia are discussed. The vitamin B12 activity was more reduced in the liver than in the serum, suggesting that the liver depots were mobilized to maintain the serum level. The folic acid activity in the liver was not significantly reduced following the operation.
Heredity of Combined Deficiency of AHG and Proaccelerin
Authors: Gobbi Franco 
Published: August 2010

Antihaemophilic globulin and proaccelerin deficiencies coexisting in the same person have so far been thought to depend on a single recessive autosomal gene in the homozygous state.The study of two siblings (a female and a male) afflicted by antihaemophilic globulin and proaccelerin deficiency, the assay of the two factors in several members of their family, and a pedigree analysis, seem to lead to the conclusion that the two defects are inherited separately, with completely different patterns. Proaccelerin deficiency is inherited according to an autosomal incompletely dominant type of heredity, while antihaemophilic globulin deficiency is due to a recessive sex‐linked mutant gene.Genie interaction, inversion of the dominance or inactivation of the normal X‐chromosome in a carrier are the possible explanations for the severe antihaemophilic globulin deficiency in the proposita.
Erythrocyte Catalase Activity in Thalassaemia
Authors: BALCERZAK STANLEY P. , JENSEN WALLACE N. 
Published: August 2010

Increased erythrocyte catalase activity per gram haemoglobin or per milliliter red cells was found in all 32 patients with thalassaemia minor, and in 2 of 7 patients with thalassaemia major. The trait was associated with increased catalase activity even when combined with a qualitatively abnormal haemoglobin, sickle haemoglobin. Sickle cell disease and a wide variety of other haematologic conditions were not associated with increased enzyme activity. Exceptions were found in one patient with sideroblastic anaemia and his daughter, both of whom had increased catalase activity. Four other patients with sideroblastic anaemia had normal activity.This evidence suggests that increased erythrocyte catalase activity may be used to identify the thalassaemia trait. The findings add a new point of similarity between thalassaemia and certain types of sideroblastic anaemia and provide indirect evidence that impaired haeme synthesis is not the primary defect in thalassaemia.
Light Chain Types of Transiently Occurring Cold Haemagglutinins
Authors: HARBOE MORTEN , LIND KLAUS 
Published: August 2010

In the chronic cold haemagglutinin syndrome, the isolated cold haemagglutinins are usually electrophoretically homogeneous and appear to be ‘monoclonal’ γM‐globulins. Only α chains have been found in gel diffusion tests on 87 isolated ‘monoclonal’ cold haemagglutinins.
Cold haemagglutinins developing during pneumonia were found to behave differently. They were electrophoretically heterogeneous and contained both α and λ chains in four of nine cases.
The Vitamin B12 Binding Capacity of Transcobalamin I and II of Normal Human Serum
Authors: Hom B. L. , Ahluwalia B. K. 
Published: August 2010

The unsaturated serum vitamin B12 binding capacity (UB12BC) of transcobalamin O, I and II (TC O, I and II) of 50 normal subjects was determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G‐200. TC O bound from 0 to 76 pg. per ml. of serum, accounting for up to 5.2 per cent of the UB12BC, while TC I bound from 72 to 1057 pg. per ml., or up to 47.1 per cent of the UB12BC. TC II bound from 650 to 1891 pg. per ml., accounting for up to 90.3 per cent of the UB12BC.There was a significant positive correlation between the binding capacity of TC I and of TC II when each was compared with the total unsaturated B12 binding capacity. A positive correlation therefore existed between the binding capacity of TC I and that of TC II.TC O, I and II were the only binders of added B12 over a range from 75 to 20,760 pg. per ml. of serum. The relative amount of B12 bound to TC I and to TC II remained fairly constant in an individual serum regardless of the amount of B12 added.
Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Studies in Normal Individuals During Diuretic Treatment with Furosemide
Authors: Hilden M. , Amris C. J. 
Published: August 2010

The purpose of the investigation was to elucidate possible changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis during induced dehydration with Furosemide in 11 normal individuals. The 7 were followed before and for 31/2–4 hours after 80 mg. Furosemide perorally, the last 4 were control patients examined similarly, but with placebo instead of Furosemide. The following changes were observed in all the test subjects:1. Significant increase in the fibrinolytic activity of plasma euglobulin 11/2–2 hours after Furosemide.2. Significant increase in plasminogen and fibrinogen concentration.3. Slight, not significant, increase in urokinase inhibitor. No changes in plasmin inhibitor.
The Free Cytoplasmic Fragments of Lymphoglandular Tissue (Lymphoglandular Bodies). A Preliminary Presentation
Authors: SÖDERSTRÖM NILS 
Published: August 2010

Lymphoglandular bodies are well organized fragments of cytoplasm from different types of cells occurring in lymphoglandular – or lymphatic – tissue (lymph glands, tonsils, thymus, spleen, diffuse and ectopic lymphoglandular tissue). They are also seen in lymphomas. They are especially conspicuous in imprints and smears from needle biopsy specimens. They are quite specific for this type of tissue and in needle biopsy specimens they thus permit the distinction of lymphomas from malignant tumors of other origin and the recognition of ectopic lymphoglandular metaplasia.Lymphoglandular bodies are no artefacts, they are seen also in tissue sections, especially in the efferent sinuses but also in some regions of solid lymphoglandular parenchyma. They might thus be regarded as analogs to other corpuscular products of haemopoietic tissues (e.g. platelets), and may be released together with cells leaving the lymphoglandular tissue. They are very short‐lived, they are rare in the thoracic duct lymph and do not seem to reach circulating blood as distinct morphologic units. They may represent an important detail in the function of lymhoglandular tissue but main points in their natural history are still obscure.
Two M Components (γGK and γML) in Different Cells of the Same Patient
Authors: Bjerrum Ole Jannik , Stud. M. , Weeke Bent 
Published: August 2010

Before reporting their own case the authors review previously published cases of several immunologically different M components. It is demonstrated that the distribution of heavy chains in the presence of two M components corresponds to the distribution of heavy chains in the presence of one M component.By two differently stained fluorescent antibodies to each of the M components it was demonstrated that these components were present in different cells of types like plasma cells and lymphocytoid cells. On the basis of the histopathological and clinical findings it is discussed whether the patient is suffering from myelomatosis and/or macroglobulinaemia of Waldenström.Clinically, it was striking that the red cell sedimentation rate was normal throughout the course of the disease. Furthermore, the relative viscosity of the serum was lower than previously seen at M component concentration of 42 g./l. at 37° C. A possible relationship between the low ESR and the low viscosity is discussed.
Pattern of Cell Production and Cell Migration in Mouse Thymus Studied by Autoradiography
Authors: Borum Kirstine 
Published: August 2010

Autoradiographs prepared from histological sections of thymus were studied at different intervals after a single intraperitoneal injection of tritiated thymidine into male CBA mice. The initial uptake was located mainly in the cortex, especially in the periphery, to a lesser extent in the medulla. Immediate incorporation was seen in reticular cells and in large and medium‐sized lymphocytes, not in small lymphocytes. As time elapsed more cells became labelled, and a migration of labelled cells from the cortex to the medulla took place. Simultaneously an increasing number of small thymocytes acquired the label. The pattern of initial uptake and spread of label with time was similar for the thymus of mice aged 3 weeks, 7 weeks and one year.Autoradiographs of smears of whole thymus revealed that 13 per cent of the cells were labelled one hour after the administration of 3H‐thymidine. The labelling percentage increased with time and reached a maximum of 37 per cent, 3 days after the injection. After that time a fall in labelling percentage was observed with a final disappearance of labelled cells from the thymus about the 14th day.Calculations on the basis of mitotic counts with and without colchicine pre‐treatment gave an average mitotic rate in thymic cortex of 3.7 per cent per hour, which renders an average renewal time of 27 hours by cell division for thymic cortex ‐ indepent of age.It is concluded that a large cell production takes place in the thymus, especially in the outer cortex, the end result being the production of thymocytes, mainly small ones, which migrate to the medulla from where they disappear.
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes in Thrombocytes in Various Diseases
Authors: Knudsen F. Ursin , Gormsen Johs. 
Published: August 2010

LDH isoenzymes in thrombocytes from 41 healthy subjects and 85 patients suffering from various diseases combined with changes in platelet function were studied. The isoenzymes were separated by disc acrylamide electrophoresis. In normal thrombocytes LDH 3 constituted around 41 per cent, LDH 2 around 32 per cent, LDH 1 around 12 per cent and LDH 4 around 14 per cent of the total amount, whereas only very little LDH 5 was found.The results have been evaluated statistically. No differences were found between younger and older healthy persons.In patients with hepatic cirrhosis and polycythaemia vera an increase in ratio between H and M units (increase in T‐values) was demonstrated. Significant lower T‐values were found in patients with cancer and acute phlebothrombosis.No relationship between isoenzyme parameters of thrombocytes and serum was found.
Acid Phosphatases and Platelet Factor 3
Authors: Polášek J. , Kubisz P. 
Published: August 2010

On the assumption that, under certain conditions, acid phosphatases may serve as a biochemical marker for the physico‐chemical state of lipoprotein of platelet lysosymes, the changes in the thromboplastic activity of platelets were studied simultaneously with those in acid phosphatases.The quantitative relationship between the platelet‐factor‐3‐like activity of the serum and the acid phosphatases released from the platelets into the serum during coagulation of native platelet‐rich plasma is pointed out.A study of the changes of acid phosphatase activity during kaolin clotting time showed deep ultrastructural changes in platelets.The results obtained indicate that it is product I and not thrombin alone which increases the activity of acid phosphatases in suspension of isolated platelets.The relationship of platelet lysosomes to the platelet‐factor‐3‐activity is discussed.
Experimentally Increased Production of a Rabbit Antibody Resembling a Natural Human Agglutinin
Authors: Mellbye Ove J. 
Published: August 2010

Normal rabbit sera, absorbed with normal human red cells, contained a γM‐globulin causing reversible agglutination of trypsinised human red cells. The amount of this antibody increased after immunization with normal human red cells, and it now consisted of both γM‐ and γG‐globulin. The agglutination was still reversible.The experiments supported the hypothesis that the natural antibody in human sera causing reversible agglutination of trypsinised human red cells is due to antigenic stimulation by structures revealed on normal red cells during their destruction in vivo.
Properties of the Trypsinised Red Cell Receptor Reacting in Reversible Agglutination by Normal Sera
Authors: Mellbye O. J. 
Published: August 2010

Inhibition experiments and studies with isotope labelled trypsin confirmed that the reversible reaction between trypsinised human red cells and trypsin agglutinin in normal sera is weakly inhibited by trypsin and that trypsin is adsorbed to the red cells during enzyme treatment. However, large concentrations of trypsin were needed for inhibition, and human trypsin agglutinin did not react with trypsin adsorbed to rabbit red cells. It therefore seems unlikely that the trypsin agglutinin receptor on human red cells is identical with trypsin adsorbed to the cell membrane.Trypsinised red cells treated with various proteolytic enzymes, β‐galactosidase and periodate, were no longer agglutinated by purified trypsin agglutinin. These findings indicate that the trypsin agglutinin receptor is a glycoprotein.
The Automatic Defibrination of Normal Human Blood
Authors: Wilson J. D. , Cowell T. K. , Grimes A. J. 
Published: August 2010

An automatic apparatus designed for the defibrination of small blood samples in a standard manner is described.The use and characteristics of the apparatus are considered and compared with existing techniques.The apparatus offers several advantages over existing methods; these are minimal cell trauma, high yield of defibrinated blood, substantial neutrophil but limited lymphocyte removal and only a slight rise in the blood pH value.The method is simple and gives reproducible results. It is suitable for the preparation of defibrinated blood both for routine or special purposes.
DISCUSSION
Authors: Laursen Benedicte , Gormsen Johs. 
Published: August 2010

The specific indication of intravascular fibrinolysis is the demonstration of fibrinogenfibrin degradation products.To evaluate the effect on fibrinolysis 48 patients were treated with clofibrate, metformin, tolazamide or testosterone for periods of one to fourteen weeks. Blood fibrinolytic activity was assessed before, during and after treatment by measurements of euglobulin clot lysis time, plasminogen and fibrinogen, and immunoassays of fibrinogen‐fibrin degradation products.17 normal persons, 23 patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease, and 11 patients with other diseases were exposed to physical exertion or injections of nicotinic acid. Fibrinolytic activity was assessed as above, before and after stimulation.Acceleration of euglobulin clot lysis was found in only 2 of 11 patients treated with metformin, but in 47 persons exposed to short‐term stimulation. No fibrinolytic breakdown products were found in serum samples containing EACA.The significance of accelerated euglobulin clot lysis cannot be evaluated independently.
Serum Protein Binding of Vitamin B1212
Authors: Beal Robert W. , Gizis Evangelos , Meyer Leo M. 
Published: August 2010

1. This work was supported by USPHA Grant CA 8279–04; Mildred Werner League for Cancer Research; the International Agency for Research on Cancer awarded a Travel Fellowship to R.W.B.2. The survey of the literature pertaining to this review was concluded in July, 1968.
Haemolysis Induced by Subcellular Fractions of Rabbit Spleen and Liver
Authors: Hurwic Maria 
Published: August 2010

The ability of subcellular fractions of rabbit spleen and liver to induce haemolysis of rabbit erythrocytes was investigated. It was shown that:

Subcellular fractions of normal spleen and liver induce haemolysis of rabbit erythrocytes modified in vivo by injections of small doses of phenylhydrazine.
The haemolytic activity of both tissue preparations was located mainly in the mitochondria and was much higher in the spleen than in the liver.
Fresh preparations of the spleen or the liver do not induce haemolysis of intact erythrocytes.
When the tissue fractions and also the erythrocytes were obtained from phenyl‐hydrazine treated rabbits, the haemolytic activity of the spleen preparations was lower and that of the liver was slightly higher than the respective activities of preparations of normal tissues.
The haemolytic activity of the subcellular fractions kept frozen for 7 days at pH = 7.0 was significantly increased.

Phospholipase A is indicated as a possible haemolytic agent present in the spleen and the liver mitochondria.
The Relationship between Mucosal Iron and Iron Absorption in the Guinea Pig
Authors: Pollack Simeon , Campana Theresa 
Published: August 2010

The non‐haeme iron content of intestinal mucosa has been proposed as responsible for controlling iron absorption. In these experiments guinea pigs bled to produce a six‐fold increase in iron absorption showed no change in mucosal non‐haeme iron content.Earlier conflicting results may be partially explained by the inclusion of a fraction of the haemoglobin iron when using the trichloroacetic acid method for extracting ‘non‐haeme’ iron.It is suggested that the iron content of intestinal mucosa cannot be assigned a general role in regulating iron absorption.
Blood Platelet Surface and Shape A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Hovig Torstein 
Published: August 2010

Scanning electron microscopic studies of single blood platelets and platelet aggregates showed:Immediately fixed platelets were disc‐shaped with no or very few, small pseudopods. The surface of the platelets was rough with holes, probably corresponding to openings from the surface connecting system. Due to the centrifugation, platelets were lying close together, but there was no evidence of platelet aggregation. Platelets in citrated plasma stirred for 5 minutes in an aggregometer at 37° C were mostly discoid, but some irregular forms with pseudopods occurred. A few small platelet clumps were observed. Platelets appearing to adhere to red cells were also found.Platelets in citrated plasma stored at 0–2° C for 30 minutes were irregular, spherical with numerous buds and pseudopods. Thus the appearance of these platelets was completely different from that of the above mentioned specimens.Aggregates induced by ADP or collagen showed spherical platelets with a meshwork of interlacing pseudopods.The conclusion is drawn that chilling has a pronounced effect on platelet shape, a fact which should not be overlooked. The meshwork of pseudopods observed in the aggregates may be of importance for the stability of the aggregates in vitro as well as in vivo.
Studies on Lymphocytes during Extracorporeal Irradiation of the Blood in Patients with Active Cirrhosis
Authors: Andersen Vagn , Bjerrum Ole , Ranek Leo 
Published: August 2010

The lymphocyte concentration in the blood was followed closely in four patients with active cirrhosis who were treated with extracorporeal irradiation of the blood (ECI). A reduction to 25% of the original values was obtained, and three months after treatment the lymphocyte concentration remained below 50% of pretreatment values. This is not significantly different from the results previously obtained in uraemic patients although a much more concentrated treatment schedule was employed in the present patients. This shows that the large majority of the recirculating lymphocytes pass through the blood within 3–4 days.In vitro stimulation of blood lymphocytes with phytohaemagglutinin showed that in the three patients studied the response per cell did not change significantly during ECI. However, the initially positive transformation response to tuberculin in vitro changed into a negative one during ECI in all cases, indicating that a selective depletion of the tuberculin‐sensitive cells of the blood took place during ECI.