bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risks of maternal cardiopulmonary events associated with ritodrine for tocolysis: A national database linkage study in 1 831 564 pregnant women
Authors: Lin Chih‐Wan , Chan K. Arnold , Chen Yi‐Yung , Huang Wei‐I , Chao Pi‐Hui , Liang Hsun‐Yin , Chen Wen‐Wen , Hsiao Fei‐Yuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveReal‐world data on cardiopulmonary events among pregnant women receiving β‐agonist therapy are scarce. In the present study, we aimed to examine the absolute and relative risks of maternal cardiopulmonary events associated with the use of β‐agonist ritodrine during pregnancy.MethodsBy linking Taiwan's National Birth Certificate Application Database with National Health Insurance data, 1 831 564 pregnancies at ≥20 weeks' gestation were identified. Age‐standardized incidence rates of cardiopulmonary events among pregnant women exposed to ritodrine were estimated. Nested case–control analyses were conducted to evaluate the relative risk of pulmonary edema, heart failure, and arrhythmia associated with prior ritodrine use. Cases and controls were matched using risk set sampling, and adjusted odds ratios were estimated using conditional logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 189 cases of pulmonary edema, 126 cases of heart failure, and 162 cases of arrhythmia were identified (corresponding age‐standardized incidence rates: 20.90, 8.35, and 16.63 per 100 000 among pregnant women only exposed to oral ritodrine; 91.28, 36.01, and 14.61 per 100 000 among those ever exposed to intravenous ritodrine). Exposure to oral ritodrine was associated with a lower increased risk of pulmonary edema (aOR 1.76; 95% CI: 1.12–2.76) and arrhythmia (2.21; 1.47–3.32) whereas exposure to ritodrine injection was associated with a significantly higher risk of pulmonary edema (10.56; 6.39–17.45), arrhythmia (4.15; 1.99–8.64), and heart failure (5.58; 2.27–13.74).ConclusionsPregnant women receiving intravenous ritodrine therapy had higher cardiopulmonary risks and should be intensively monitored. While the relative risk associated with oral ritodrine is not pronounced, it should be used judiciously among pregnant women as well.
Cerebroplacental ratio and perinatal outcomes in mild‐to‐moderate idiopathic polyhydramnios cases
Authors: Dogru Sukran , Akkus Fatih , Acar Ali 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study will evaluate whether fetal cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) can predict perinatal adverse outcomes in singleton pregnancies with mild and moderate idiopathic polyhydramnios (IP).MethodThis study was designed as a prospective case–control study between January 2023 and November 2023. Pregnant women diagnosed with mild‐to‐moderate IP and low‐risk singleton pregnancies were included in the study. In all cases, umbilical artery (UA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility indices (PIs) were measured at 36–40 weeks of gestation, and CPR was calculated. The group with polyhydramnios was divided into two parts according to whether the CPR value was below 1.08 or 1.08 and above. Perinatal outcomes of all groups were compared.ResultsA total of 140 patients were included in the study. Seventy of these were IP cases, and 70 were low‐risk pregnant women. UA PI in the IP group was not statistically different from that in the low‐risk group, but MCA PI and CPR were significantly lower in the IP group (P = 0.07, P = 0.001, and P = 0.004, respectively). IP cases were divided into a low group (<1.08, n = 18) and a normal group (≥1.08, n = 52) according to the CPR value. Cesarean section rates due to fetal distress were significantly higher in the low‐CPR group (n = 8 [44.4%] vs 5 [9.6%], P = 0.001). In the low‐CPR group, 5‐min Apgar <7, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rates were significantly higher (P = 0.045 and P = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionIt is encouraging that in cases with mild‐to‐moderate IP, low CPR predicts emergency delivery due to fetal distress, a low Apgar score at 5 min, and NICU admission.
Polarization‐directed nanophotonic routers based on two‐dimensional inorganic molecular crystals
Authors: Yao Jiacheng , Feng Xin , Zhang Tingting , Chen Fangqi , Zhang Zhenglong , Zheng Hairong , Zhai Tianyou , Ding Tao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotonic and plasmonic hybrid nanostructures are the key solution for integrated nanophotonic circuits with ultracompact size but relative low loss. However, the poor tunability and modulability of conventional waveguides makes them cumbersome for optical multiplexing. Here we make use of two‐dimensional molecular crystal, α‐Sb2O3 as a dielectric waveguide via total internal reflection, which shows polarization‐sensitive modulation of the propagating beams due to its large polarization mode dispersion. Both experiments and simulations are performed to verify such concept. These Sb2O3 nanoflakes can be coupled with plasmonic nanowires to form nanophotonic beam splitters and routers which can be easily modulated by changing the polarization of the incidence. It thus provides a robust, exploitable and tunable platform for on‐chip nanophotonics.image
Design and analysis of a fiber Bragg grating‐based foot pressure assessment system
Authors: Sharan Preeta , Khouqeer Ghada A. , El‐Badry Basma A. , Upadhyaya Anup M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research presents a comprehensive study focused on the design, implementation, and analysis of an innovative fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based foot pressure assessment system. FBG sensors strategically placed on the great toe, metatarsal 1, metatarsal 2, and heel provided distinct peak resonant wavelengths, strains, and pressures during experimental cycles. Participant 1 exhibited peak resonant wavelength of 1537.745 nm for great toe, 1537.792 nm for metatarsal 1, 1537.812 nm for metatarsal 2, and 1537.824 nm for heel. Participant 2 showcased distinct graphical representations with peak resonant wavelengths ranging from 1537.903 to 1537.917 nm. In a fracture patient condition, the FBG‐based system monitored weight‐bearing capacity, integrated with real‐time X‐ray imaging for dynamic insights of rehabilitation as distinct approach. The strains and pressures at each position exhibited notable variations along with the sensitivity of 1.31με obtained across all positions, underscoring the FBG‐based system's reliability in capturing subtle foot pressure.
The Terwilliger algebras of the group association schemes of three metacyclic groups
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhang Xiaoqian , Feng Lihua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFor any finite group , the Terwilliger algebra of the group association scheme satisfies the following inclusions: , where is a specific vector space and is the centralizer algebra of the permutation representation of induced by the action of conjugation. The group is said to be triply transitive if . In this paper, we determine the dimensions of and for being , and , and show that and are triply transitive. Additionally, we give a complete characterization of the Wedderburn components of the Terwilliger algebras of , and when they are triply transitive.
Exploring novel function of Gpx5 antioxidant activity: Assisting epididymal cells secrete functional extracellular vesicles
Authors: Li Long , Jin Tianqi , Chen Shaoxian , Cao Heran , Ma Yuxuan , Fang Wuzi , Wang Yang , Liu Qimin , Zheng Lijuan , Wijayanti Dwi , Dong Wuzi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlutathione peroxisomal‐5 (Gpx5) promotes the elimination of H2O2 or organic hydrogen peroxide, and plays an important role in the physiological process of resistance to oxidative stress (OS). To directly and better understand the protection of Gpx5 against OS in epididymal cells and sperm, we studied its mechanism of antioxidant protection from multiple aspects. To more directly investigate the role of Gpx5 in combating oxidative damage, we started with epididymal tissue morphology and Gpx5 expression profiles in combination with the mouse epididymal epithelial cell line PC1 (proximal caput 1) expressing recombinant Gpx5. The Gpx5 is highly expressed in adult male epididymal caput, and its protein signal can be detected in the sperm of the whole epididymis. Gpx5 has been shown to alleviate OS damage induced by 3‐Nitropropionic Acid (3‐NPA), including enhancing antioxidant activity, reducing mitochondrial damage, and suppressing cell apoptosis. Gpx5 reduces OS damage in PC1 and maintains the well‐functioning extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by PC1, and the additional epididymal EVs play a role in the response of sperm to OS damage, including reducing plasma membrane oxidation and death, and increasing sperm motility and sperm‐egg binding ability. Our study suggests that GPX5 plays an important role as an antioxidant in the antioxidant processes of epididymal cells and sperm, including plasma membrane oxidation, mitochondrial oxidation, apoptosis, sperm motility, and sperm‐egg binding ability.
Potential probiotic characteristics and genomic analysis of a new folate‐producing lactic acid bacteria Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM55
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Xiong Jiayi , Chen Lin , Wang Gang , Dong Ruomeng , Wang Fengxuan , Huang Yingjie , Meng Xia , Li Tiantian , Gu Qing , Li Ping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDFolate is crucial for maintaining health, but humans are unable to synthesize folate and need to obtain it from food. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum can produce the necessary vitamin B for the human body, including folate. Whole genome sequencing technology can clarify the physiological characteristics of folate production in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. In order to explore new Lactiplantibacillus plantarum that produce folate, the folate production and probiotic characteristics of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM55 isolated from infant feces were investigated, and whole genome sequencing was performed.RESULTSThe folate synthesis ability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM55 were measured, and its total folate production was 299.72 ± 28.81 ng mL−1. Subsequently, its probiotic properties were explored. The antibacterial test showed that its inhibition zone diameter against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium was 15.5 ± 0.82 mm and 13.88 ± 0.98 mm, respectively. The tolerance test results indicated that it maintained good activity in simulated gastrointestinal tract and bile salt environments. In vitro intestinal simulation experiments had confirmed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM55 can increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria in the intestine and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia_Shigella. Genomic sequencing indicated that the genetic material of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZFM55 contains one chromosome and three plasmids, and it has 20 genes related to folate synthesis, which explains its ability to produce folate.CONCLUSIONThis study reports a new potential probiotic that produces folate, and provides ideas for exploring probiotics with specific probiotic characteristics. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhancing the catalytic efficiency of M32 carboxypeptidase by semi‐rational design and its applications in food taste improvement
Authors: Wang Jinjiang , Lu Xinyao , Zhuge Bin , Zong Hong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarboxypeptidase is an exopeptidase that hydrolyzes amino acids at the C‐terminal end of the peptide chain and has a wide range of applications in food. However, in industrial applications, the relatively low catalytic efficiency of carboxypeptidases is one of the main limiting factors for industrialization.RESULTSThe study has enhanced the catalytic efficiency of Bacillus megaterium M32 carboxypeptidase (BmeCPM32) through semi‐rational design. Firstly, the specific activity of the optimal mutant, BmeCPM32‐M2, obtained through single‐site mutagenesis and combinatorial mutagenesis, was 2.2‐fold higher than that of the wild type (187.9 versus 417.8 U mg−1), and the catalytic efficiency was 2.9‐fold higher (110.14 versus 325.75 s−1 mmol−1). Secondly, compared to the wild type, BmeCPM32‐M2 exhibited a 1.8‐fold increase in half‐life at 60 °C, with no significant changes in its enzymatic properties (optimal pH, optimal temperature). Finally, BmeCPM32‐M2 significantly increased the umami intensity of soy protein isolate hydrolysate by 55% and reduced bitterness by 83%, indicating its potential in developing tasty protein components.CONCLUSIONOur research has revealed that the strategy based on protein sequence evolution and computational residue mutation energy led to an improved catalytic efficiency of BmeCPM32. Molecular dynamics simulations have revealed that a smaller substrate binding pocket and increased enzyme–substrate affinity are the reasons for the enhanced catalytic efficiency. Furthermore the number of hydrogen bonds and solvent and surface area may contribute to the improvement of thermostability. Finally, the de‐bittering effect of BmeCPM32‐M2 in soy protein isolate hydrolysate suggests its potential in developing palatable protein components. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quality of Life Outcomes After Pediatric Otitis Media Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lam Doreen , Fahmy Alex , Timashpolsky Alisa , Sangal Neel , Chandrasekaran Ganesh , Cedrone Melanie , Dedhia Kavita 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesSystematically review of literature characterizing health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) impact of surgery in pediatric otitis media (OM) patients, and meta‐analysis of studies using the OM‐6 questionnaire.Data SourcesPubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus.Review MethodsA systematic review of literature of studies evaluating HRQoL outcomes for OM patients managed by surgery. Two investigators independently reviewed abstracts and full‐length articles. Risk of bias was assessed using the MINORS criteria and Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool.ResultsThe search yielded 1272 studies, 50 underwent full‐text review and 23 met inclusion criteria. Non‐randomized studies were of moderate to good quality, while randomized trials had a high risk of bias. Age ranged from 6 months to 15 years. Race and socioeconomic factors were inconsistently reported. There were 11 HRQoL outcome measure instruments of which four were disease‐specific. Eleven studies used OM‐6 and nine were included in the meta‐analysis. Pooled analysis of five studies showed a mean OM‐6 change of 1.79 (95% CI: 1.53–2.06; 95% PI: 0.92–2.67; I2 = 68%) 4–6 weeks after surgery; a mean change of 1.87 (95% CI: 1.15–2.58; 98%) after 6 months across two studies; and a mean change of 1.64 (1.02 to 2.27; −6.35 to 9.64; 98%) after 9–13 months across three studies.ConclusionsThere is no consistency in HRQoL instruments used to evaluate pediatric OM surgery outcomes in current literature with few RCTs. Meta‐analysis showed a clinically significant large improvement in HRQoL 4–6 weeks after tympanostomy tube placement.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 134:4176–4185, 2024
Quantitative Comparison of Chatbots on Common Rhinology Pathologies
Authors: Bellinger Jeffrey R. , Kwak Minhie W. , Ramos Gabriel A. , Mella Jeffrey S. , Mattos Jose L. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesUnderstanding the strengths and weaknesses of chatbots as a source of patient information is critical for providers in the rising artificial intelligence landscape. This study is the first to quantitatively analyze and compare four of the most used chatbots available regarding treatments of common pathologies in rhinology.MethodsThe treatment of epistaxis, chronic sinusitis, sinus infection, allergic rhinitis, allergies, and nasal polyps was asked to chatbots ChatGPT, ChatGPT Plus, Google Bard, and Microsoft Bing in May 2023. Individual responses were analyzed by reviewers for readability, quality, understandability, and actionability using validated scoring metrics. Accuracy and comprehensiveness were evaluated for each response by two experts in rhinology.ResultsChatGPT, Plus, Bard, and Bing had FRE readability scores of 33.17, 35.93, 46.50, and 46.32, respectively, indicating higher readability for Bard and Bing compared to ChatGPT (p = 0.003, p = 0.008) and Plus (p = 0.025, p = 0.048). ChatGPT, Plus, and Bard had mean DISCERN quality scores of 20.42, 20.89, and 20.61, respectively, which was higher than the score for Bing of 16.97 (p < 0.001). For understandability, ChatGPT and Bing had PEMAT scores of 76.67 and 66.61, respectively, which were lower than both Plus at 92.00 (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) and Bard at 92.67 (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). ChatGPT Plus had an accuracy score of 4.39 which was higher than ChatGPT (3.97, p = 0.118), Bard (3.72, p = 0.002), and Bing (3.19, p < 0.001).ConclusionOn aggregate of the tested domains, our results suggest ChatGPT Plus and Google Bard are currently the most patient‐friendly chatbots for the treatment of common pathologies in rhinology.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 134:4225–4231, 2024
Nano‐water treatment residuals: Enhancing phosphorus kinetics and optimization in saline soils
Authors: EL‐Sharkawy Mahmoud , Sleem Mahmoud , Du Daolin , El Baroudy Ahmed , Li Jian , Mahmoud Esawy , Ali Nehal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhosphorus (P) use in agriculture has witnessed a global increase, leading to significant environmental problems. Nevertheless, the understanding of P kinetics in saline soils amended with nano‐water treatment residuals (nWTR) remains limited. This study aimed to (1) Investigate the impact of different nWTR addition rates (0%, 0.10%, 0.20%, and 0.50%) on the adsorption‐desorption kinetics of P applied to five soils with different salinity levels (1.47–58.50 dS m−1) using batch adsorption experiments. (2) Using different optimization models via Fit Quadratic Model and principal component analysis to predict the optimal utilization of nWTR. The X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared patterns proposed that the main mechanisms controlling the process are ligand exchange and precipitation. The results revealed that the adsorption level of P in amended soils was rapid, then decreased gradually until reaching equilibrium after 24 h/25°C. The kinetics data were well described by a pseudo‐second‐order model, suggesting a chemisorption‐dependent adsorption process. Increasing soil salinity and nWTR addition led to decline the phosphorus desorption. The application of 0.5% nWTR decreased P‐desorption from 33.95% to 16.22% in the non‐saline soil and from 18.43% to 10.63% in the highly saline soil. principal component analysis distinguished a positive association between P‐adsorbed and nWTR. The optimization models predicted that applying 0.5% nWTR for 965 min maximizes the P‐adsorption rate, reaching 1041 mg Kg−1 in highly saline‐soils. Therefore, nWTR can serve as a cost‐effective and efficient absorbent for mitigating P mobility and reducing its transport in saline soils.
Microzooplankton grazers induce chain length plasticity in colonial diatoms
Authors: Ryderheim Fredrik , Huang Yuan , Selander Erik , Kiørboe Thomas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMany diatoms form long chains and the distribution of chain lengths within a species depends on several environmental factors, among them grazing risk. Larger grazers, such as copepods, efficiently handle and ingest even very long chains but are less efficient with individual cells, whereas most smaller grazers are unable to feed on chains exceeding a few cells in length. Copepod cues make several species shorten their chain length, and theory predicts that cues from small grazers should induce increased, but this remains to be tested, despite the importance of diatoms in marine food webs. Here, we expose three species of chain‐forming diatoms, Skeletonema marinoi, Chaetoceros affinis, and Thalassiosira rotula to cues from various actively feeding micrograzers and record their response. The effect of grazer presence on chain length varies depending on both the type of grazer and the diatom species. For example, S. marinoi increased its chain length when exposed to grazing cues from the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gyrodinium dominans and the ciliate Euplotes sp. but not to a copepod nauplii (Temora longicornis). C. affinis also responded to cues from grazing G. dominans by increasing chain length, and the response increased with exposure time. Finally, T. rotula did not respond to grazing cues from G. dominans, but rather inhibited the dinoflagellates' ability to feed, presumably through the release of chemical compounds. Our results suggest that some chainforming diatoms can sense and appropriately respond to fast‐growing micrograzers, thus contributing to the success of diatoms in marine environments.
Splitting of Optical Spatial Modes via Stern‐Gerlach Effect
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Wang Zhaoyuan , Hu Yi , Xu Jingjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStern‐Gerlach (SG) effect, initially found for unveiling the existence of quantized electron spins, is now a general concept describing a state‐dependent separation. It is widely explored in optics to achieve a function of optical splitting, but the current schemes always require a polarization‐ or wavelength‐dependent process, thus showing limitations for broader applications. Here, spatial modes of an optical field are employed as another degree of freedom to demonstrate an SG effect. Two modes of a pair of coupled waveguides are found to be in analog to the electron spins. They are able to undergo a splitting upon a spatially‐dependent waveguide coupling, which plays the role of a non‐uniform magnetic field. In an experiment, such a splitting is realized in two coupled non‐parallel slab waveguides, and its strength is adjusted at ease by varying the parameters of this proposed structure. This SG‐related optical splitting may find applications in the field of optical sensing and signal processing.
Spin‐Decoupled Metasurface by Hybridizing Curvature‐ and Rotation‐Induced Geometrical Phases
Authors: Wang Zhenxu , Fu Xinmin , Liang Jian‐gang , Han Yajuan , Jia Yuxiang , Ding Chang , Qu Shaobo , Wang Jiafu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGeometric phases are very important for achieving broadband functional metasurfaces, which are usually obtained by rotating meta‐atoms. However, such rotation‐induced geometric phases are inherently spin‐coupled, with the same magnitude and opposite sign for left‐ and right‐handed circularly polarized (LCP and RCP) waves, which is unfavorable for designing different functions for LCP and RCP waves. Therefore, it is desirable that geometric phases for single circular polarization be explored. In this work, it is first proposed to achieve geometric phases for single polarization by delicately designing curvature of the meta‐atom, which only imparts geometric phase to RCP or LCP waves. Then, spin‐decoupled metasurfaces are designed by hybridizing such curvature‐induced geometric phases and conventional rotation‐induced geometric phases. Two prototypes of dual‐channel functional metasurfaces are designed, fabricated, and measured. Both the simulated and experimental results verify the spin‐decoupled phase modulation. This work expands the methods of phase engineering in metasurfaces and may find wide applications in communication, sensing, imaging, and others.