bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Status of Nili Ravi buffaloes in India
Authors: Vij P.K. , Tantia M.S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryNili Ravi buffaloes are native to the Ferozepur, Amritsar and Gurdaspur districts of Punjab. A systematic survey was conducted in this area to study the socio-economic status of the farmers, and the demographic distribution and breed characteristics of Nili Ravi buffaloes. The majority of the farmers surveyed (84%) kept buffaloes. About 34 % of buffalo farmers were landless. Average land holdings were 1.50 hectares. Animals were provided with separate houses. The buffaloes were tied most of the time and fed chaffed fodder. Natural service was mainly practiced for the breeding of animals. Very few buffaloes had typical Nili Ravi characters (all extremities white). Most of the Nili Ravi type buffaloes now available have white markings on the forehead and hind legs only, and some have wall eyes i.e. eyes with a whitish iris. Average daily milk yield was 6.67 kg in a lactation period of 8–9 months. Nili Ravi type buffaloes constituted only 10.8 %, 8.7 % and 14 % of total buffaloes surveyed in Ferozepur, Amritsar and Gurdaspur districts, respectively. The estimated population of these buffaloes was about 0.2 million. The population of Nili Ravi is declining because of the non-availability of typical Nili Ravi bulls and non-marketability of Nili Ravi type (2–3 white extremities) animals.
L'élevage porcin au Tchad: Bilan de l'introduction, de l'amélioration et de la diffusion des races exotiques
Authors: Logténé Y. Mopaté , Koussou M.O. , Kaboré-Zoungrana C.Y. 
Published: August 2011

RésuméLe porc local d'origine ibérique a été introduit au Tchad en 1918, par des missionnaires en provenance du Cameroun. Ensuite en 1951, le porc limousin originaire de France fut importé par le service de l'élevage afin d'améliorer le format et le rendement du porc local. Après quatre années d'essais, ce programme a été abandonné au Nord, essentiellement pour des raisons religieuses. En revanche, dans la partie sud majoritairement non musulmane, la diffusion a enregistré un succès relatif jusqu'en 1958. Par la suite, des géniteurs de la race Yorkshire et Berkshire furent importés du Moyen Congo. Quelques élevages “semi-industriels”, installés dans les années 1950 et aux mains des expatriés, ont adopté ces races et ont contribué à l'exportation de viande dans la sous-région de l'Afrique Equatoriale française (AEF). Les traditions d'élevage des populations locales, l'appui des services agricoles et des sociétés de développement (Paysannats et Communautés villageoises) de la région ont contribué au succès relatif de cette diffusion. En outre, l'absence des relevés zootechniques précis, n'a pas permis d'apprécier les performances de ces races et des métis. L'alimentation, le gardiennage défectueux et le manque de déboucher pour la production paysanne ont été des obstacles majeurs au développement et à la vulgarisation de l'élevage porcin en milieu paysan.
Krishna Valley cattle in India: status, characteristics and utility
Authors: Karthickeyan S.M.K. , Saravanan R. , Thangaraju P. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe Krishna Valley breed of cattle is a draught breed able to withstand extremely hot, humid climatic conditions and which has the capacity to undertake heavy work in the black cotton soil in the valleys of the Krishna river in India. Their home tract is restricted to a few taluks (divisions within a district) of the northern parts of Karnataka. The distinguishing morphological features of the breed are the presence of a black-coloured muzzle and black shades dispersed over the body with the lower half of the scrotum also being black in colour. The average values for height, body length and chest girth are 116.4±1.2, 128.4±2.0 and 144.7±2.0 cm in cows; and 150.5±0.5, 146.0±3.0 and 191.0±1.0 cm in bullocks, respectively. The cytogenetic investigation revealed the normal characteristics of cattle chromosomes (2n=60). The microsatellite alleles occurred at frequencies of 0.0208 (ILSTS005) to 0.7604 (ETH152) with the polymorphism information content (PIC) values in the range of 0.3856 (ETH152) to 0. 7725 (ILSTS034). The breed has a relatively long productive life as the number of calvings can go up to twelve. As the number of animals of this breed remaining is only in the order of a few hundred, conservation measures are to be taken to avoid the extinction of this valuable germplasm.
Caractérisation morphologique des petits ruminants (ovins et caprins) de race locale “Mossi” au Burkina Faso
Authors: Traoré A. , Tamboura H.H. , Kaboré A. , Yaméogo N. , Bayala B. , Zaré I. 
Published: August 2011

RésuméCette étude a été menée dans les élevages périurbains et au niveau des marchés à bétail de Ouagadougou avec pour objectif de caractériser sur le plan phénotypique les petits ruminants de race locale “Mossi”. 314 animaux (202 ovins et 112 caprins) repartis chez 25 producteurs ont été concernés. Les mesures corporelles suivantes ont été effectuées: le poids vif (PV), le périmètre thoracique (PT), la hauteur au garrot (HG), la hauteur à la croupe (HC) et la longueur de la diagonale du corps (LDC). Ont été également enregistrées la présence ou non de cornes, de barbiche, la couleur de la robe (blanc, noir, noir et blanc, brun, blanc-brun) et la structure du poil (ras et dur, ras et lisse, long et dur, long et lisse).Les résultats ont mis en évidence entre les variables corporelles mesurées, des différences liées au sexe en fonction de l’âge. Les ovins locaux de type “Mossi” sont eumétriques avec un PV moyen à l’âge adulte de 23,3±5,0 kg et une HG de 59,3±5,5 cm. Chez les caprins, le PV moyen est de 20,2plusmn;4,5 kg et la HG est de 48,4±4,1 cm.Ce sont des types génétiques à robes multicolores avec cependant une prédominance de la couleur “noir et blanc” chez les ovins, “blanc-brun” chez les caprins. Le poil est généralement “ras et dur” chez les ovins et “ras et lisse” chez les caprins. Le port des oreilles est “dressé et court” chez les caprins et “tombant et court” chez les ovins.La grande variabilité notée pour la couleur de la robe et le PV chez les individus de ces races indique de grandes possibilités d'amélioration génétique par sélection.
The status of cattle genetic resources in North Ethiopia: On-farm characterization of six major cattle breeds
Authors: Zerabruk M. , Vangen O. , Haile M. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryOn-farm surveys and characterisation of six indigenous north Ethiopian cattle breeds (Afar, Arado, Begait, Fogera, Medenes and Raya) was carried out with the objective of determining the current status of these breeds. Information from a structured questionnaire distributed to 450 farmers, 37 group discussions, field measurements of heart girth and height on 25 males and 25 females from each breed and secondary information were used to carry out the study. Population size of the Arado breed increased by more than three fold between 1992 and 1999, while the Raya, Fogera and Begait population decreased by57, 27 and 67%; between 1981 and 1999 respectively. Three distinctive types were identified within the Afar and Begait breeds with different adaptation and threat levels in relation to changes to the bio-physical and social environment. Overall production and reproduction performance of the breeds in the pastoral production system (Afar and Begait) was higher than the Raya and Medenes, and Arado and Fogera breeds of the agro-pastoral and mixed crop/livestock production systems respectively. Extinction probability for most ofthe breeds was high, the highest (0.67) being for the Begait breed. On the other hand, except for the initiative taken to evaluate, improve and conserve the Fogera breed at the Metekel and Andasa cattle breeding ranches, there are no institutionalized attempts towards improving and/or conserving the other breeds.
Caractérisation phénotypique des bovins à viande (Bos taurus et Bos indicus) au centre (Bouaké) et au nord (Korhogo) de la Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Sokouri D.P. , Loukou N.E. , Yapi-Gnaoré C.V. , Mondeil F. , Gnangbe F. 
Published: August 2011

RésuméUne enquête a été menée dans les régions de Bouaké et de Korhogo pour inventorier et caractériser les différents types de bovins à viande. Des mesures barymétriques ont été enregistrées sur 511 animaux à Bouaké et 929 à Korhogo pour lesquels les éleveurs ont été invités à indiquer le nom du type phénotypique. L'inventaire des élevages a permis d'identifier 5 types phénotypiques de bovins que sont le N'Dama, le Baoulé, le Zébu, le Méré et le “Métis”. Les descripteurs qui permettent d'identifier au mieux ces différents types de bovins sont la présence/absence de bosse, la couleur de la robe, le périmètre thoracique et la hauteur au garrot. Malgré le métissage qui s'exerce sur elles, les races taurines (N'Dama et Baoulé) présentent des populations homogènes et stables. Le Méré présente une population homogène dans la région de Korhogo et semble être un type phénotypique bien fixé avec 83% d'animaux bien classés. Le pourcentage moyen d'animaux bien classés dans les régions de Bouaké et Korhogo est respectivement de 79 et 68%; ce qui dénote une très bonne connaissance des animaux par les éleveurs. Les caractères déterminants identifiés à partir de cette analyse peuvent servir à définir les standards des races concernées.
The N'Dama cattle genetic improvement programme: a review
Authors: Bosso N.A. , Corr N. , Njie M. , Fall A. , van der Waaij E.H. , van Arendonk J.A.M. , Jaitner J. , Dempfle L. , Agyemang K. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThis paper reviews the successful N'Dama cattle genetic improvement programme implemented in a low input production system at the International Trypanotolerance Centre (ITC) in 1994, in The Gambia. The first part of the paper presents the genetic improvement programme. The second part deals with the analysis of the genetic improvement programme. The success of the genetic improvement programme expressed through genetic progress and the benefits for the farmers is encouraging. Recommendations to strengthen the implementation process in the field are made.
Status and conservation of Mewari and Jaisalmeri camels in India
Authors: Mehta S.C. , Bhardwaj B. , Sahani M.S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe Mewari and Jaisalmeri breeds of camel are among the four major breeds of Indian camel. The Mewari breed is known for the production of milk and its adaptability to the hilly terrain of the Aravali hills in south Rajasthan whereas the Jaisalmeri breed is known for its riding and race potential. A total of 320 camels from 16 herds in eight villages belonging to three districts of the major breeding tract of the Mewari camel were covered. The population of the Mewari camel was estimated to be 16 221 heads with a 28% decline in the last five years. The extent of cross breeding was estimated to be 36%. The average adult Mewari camel had a 193 cm height at wither, 194 cm heart girth and 158 cm body length. Adult Mewari camels produce about 700 grams of hair per annum and the females produce 5–7 litres of milk per day. An integrated rotational grazing pasture development programme could be of great use in maintaining the Mewari camels with diverse livestock species under optimum production.To define the status of the Jaisalmeri camel, an investigation encompassing 1 760 camel breeders belonging to the 181 villages distributed over the entire strata of the tract was carried out. The population of the Jaisalmeri camel was estimated to be 118 083 heads with a 31% decline in the last five years. An adult Jaisalmeri camel had a 199 cm height at wither, 211 cm heart girth and 156 cm body length. Adult males and females weighed 593 and 519 kg, respectively. Emphasis should be placed on making the breedable males of the breed available throughout the strata and on improving the utility of the breed for in-situ maintenance of genetic diversity in the breed.
On-farm investigation of local chicken biodiversity and performance potentials in rural areas of Jordan
Authors: Abdelqader A. , Wollny C.B.A. , Gauly M. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryOn-farm surveys were conducted to investigate the biodiversity of local chickens and their performance potential. The study was carried out in rural areas of northern Jordan. A sample of 846 adult local chickens was phenotypically characterized based on morphology, feather colors, comb shape and performance. Body measurements for cluster analyses were recorded on 460 adult females. The most predominant chicken type was the Jordan Baladi (67.3%) followed by the Pakistani (27.7%) and the Brahma (5%). Cluster analyses showed that the three populations are distinct. The Jordan Baladi and the Pakistani were closer to each other than the Brahma. Plumage colors were observed either as single color or mottled (a mix of many colors). The latter was the most predominant (23.1 %) followed by black (19.5%) and light brownish (19.1%). The single comb type was the most predominant (80.3%). Hens of the local chicken reached sexual maturity at about 22-30 weeks of age. The average clutch number was 1-5 per year, with 18-30 eggs per clutch. Each hen laid on average 68.9±3.3 eggs per year. The body size of adult females and males was about 1 240±10g and 1 890±30g, respectively. Indiscriminate crossbreeding was taking place frequently. Genetic characterization would complement the phenotypic characterization and should be conducted. This would help to initiate a program for the preservation of genetic diversity in local chickens in Jordan.
Survey and characterization of South Kanara buffaloes in India
Authors: Kathiravan P. , Sadana D.K. , Mishra B.P. , Kataria R.S. , Kaur P. , Kumar A. , Jayaprakash N.S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryKanarese buffaloes are medium built animals distributed in the South Kanara region on the west coast of South India. These buffaloes are dual purpose animals used mainly for agricultural operations in wet fields and for some milk production. They are famous for racing in water-bound fields. South Kanara buffaloes are moderate milk yielders producing about two to seven litres daily for a lactation period that ranged between 210 to 360 days. Genetic diversity analysis was performed using 10 microsatellite markers in a panel of 48 unrelated animals. The average number of alleles was estimated to be 6.30 with an average heterozygosity of 0.62 per locus. The population showed departure from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at all of the 10 loci tested. The heterozygote deficiency was estimated as 9.2% suggesting the presence of considerable inbreeding in the population. The allele frequency distribution followed the normal L-shaped form suggesting that the breed had not encountered a genetic bottleneck in the recent past.
Molecular characterization of two common Chadian cattle breeds
Authors: Flury C. , Ngandolo B.N.R. , Müller B. , Zinsstag J. , Kadarmideen H.N. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryIn previous studies, significant differences inMycobacterium bovisinfection prevalence was reported between two Chadian cattle breeds. Those findings and the established differentiation due to phenotypic characteristics suggest that the two breeds (Arab and Mbororo) are genetically different. To evaluate the genetic structure and the differences between these breeds, the genetic diversity within and between breeds was evaluated based on a total of 205 multilocus genotypes (21 microsatellite loci).All of the loci under investigation were polymorphic and the number of alleles ranged from 4 to14 within the two populations. The analysis of population fixation resulted in a FSTvalue of 0.006. Further the population assignment of the individual genotypes and the exact test of population differentiation did not support the hypothesis that the samples drawn from the two populations are genetically different. Population admixture and sample collection are discussed as possible reasons for the rejection of the hypothesis. Finally, recommendations for sample collection in extensive systems are given.
Characterization of Banni buffalo of Western India
Authors: Mishra B. P. , Singh K.P. , Chavan D.B. , Sadana D.K. , Katana R.S. , Kathiravan P. , Ahlawat S.P.S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe Banni buffaloes distributed in the Kachchh region of Gujarat state in western India are medium to large in body size with a compact body and typical coiled horns. Mean body length, heart girth and height at withers estimated during the survey were 153.7±0.4 cm, 205.5±0.6 cm and 136.7±0.2 cm, respectively. Data on 397 adult milking buffaloes from Banni area based on interviews with farmers, revealed the mean age at first calving to be 39.7±0.4 months, a mean service period of 66.4±1.3 days, a mean lactation length of 293.3±1.5 days and a mean peak yield of 15.7±0.1 litres. Genetic diversity analysis of Banni buffaloes using a set of 15 heterologus bovine microsatellite markers revealed a high degree of allelic polymorphism with a total of 81 alleles and a mean of 5.4. The observed heterozygosity was found to be moderate with a mean of 0.506 and ranged from 0.125 (ILSTS 045) to 0.795 (ILSTS 008). The mean F value (0.181) across 15 microsatellite loci was significantly positive indicating heterozygote deficiency in the population. The test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium revealed seven of the 15 microsatellite loci analyzed showing significant deviations.
GANADO CRIOLLO DEL BRASIL: ORIGEN Y CARACTERISTICAS ZOOTECNICAS
Authors: Camargo A. H. A. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThis paper describes the origin of one of the most recent Criollo cattle herds in Brazil (approximately 600 head). A description is given. of its zootechnical characteristics and habitat, where the herd is bred. It includes some results on weight at birth, development prior to weaning of heifer calves and weight fluctuation of cows in distinct periods of the year.
CREATION OF CONSERVATION AREAS FOR HU SHEEP IN JIANGSU PROVINCE
Authors: Ruihe Chen 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYA conservation area in Jiangsu Province, China, has been established for the conservation of the Hu sheep, famous for its early sexual maturity and high reproductive rate as well as its beautifully patterned white-wool coat. Local farmers well experienced in raising these sheep are responsible for pure breeding under the control of-administrative and technical units which have been specially created for this purpose. The conservation area is in the main orange and loquat-growing district of the Province. Manure is used to fertilize the trees-and together with the production of meat from culled sheep and the sale of lambskins, the enterprise is economically viable.
PRODUCTION POTENTIAL AND BREEDING SCHEMES OF SOME MEDITERRANEAN DAIRY SHEEP BREEDS
Authors: Zervas N. P. , Hatziminaoglou J. , Boyazoglu J. , Georgoudis A. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYExaminded are some of the most important dairy sheep breeds, among the great diversity of the Mediterranean sheep population, by focusing on their phenotypic characteristics, their productive and reproductive potential as well as on the management practices and systems of testing. Information is also given on their genetic parameters, with emphasis on heritability coefficients, and the range of respective selection and breeding schemes, applied under their particular husbandry conditions.
THE EQUINE BREEDS OF THE MURGE REGION OF ITALY
Authors: Basile A. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYTwo interesting equine populations have been traditionally raised in the Apullian highlands of the Murge. The Murge horse can be traced back to the spanish occupation of this region and is today known for its potential as a pleasure and riding horse. The donkey of Martina Franca, well-known for its crossbreeding potential to produce hardy mules, is actually an endangered population saved only by the intervention of the Italian Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
STUDY OF THE ANDALUSIAN MINOR BREEDS: EVALUATION OF THE PRIOFITIES OF CONSERVATION
Authors: Rodero E. , Camacho M. E. , Delgado J. V , Rodero A. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYWe have worked with the endangered Andalusian minor breeds. The priorities for the conservation of these breeds have been thoroughly studied. The following factors: antiquity and history of the breed, the number of existing strains or ecotypes, lhe actual number, their ecological and sociological interest, the present genetic status, and their productive importance, have been taken into account in the priority evaluation.We are presenting the results obtained using our own polarographic method for the evaluation of priorities (priority index). With these data we establish three categories between the studied Andalusian breeds, and at thesame time we propose the most suitable measures for the conservation of each of these categories.
THE CAMEL BREEDS OF INDIA IN SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Kohler-Rollefson Ilse 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThis artiele traces the evolution of one-humped camel {C. dromedarius) breeds in India and describes the social and historical factors that contributed to their formation. In India a number of distinct breeds developed from the breeding herds maintained by the Maharajahs of Rajputana for supplying camels for desert warfare. After a summary of the literature, details are provided on the characteristics and historical background of the individual breeds or types. The threats to the continued existence of these breeds and their genetic diversity are also evaluated.
LA PAZA OVINA RASA ARAGONESA: CARACTERES MORFOLÓGICOS Y PRODUCTIVOS
Authors: Alfranca I. Sierra 
Published: August 2011

RESUMENSe presenta el medio, censo y características morfológicas de la raza Rasa Aragonesa, ovino español situado en la cuenca media del río Ebro. Se exponen igualmente sus caracteres productivos (reproducción, pesos, crecimientos y producción de leche) y sus sistemas de explotación, finalizando eon los planes de mejora por selección y cruzamiento.
AUTOCHTHONOUS SHEEP BREEDS IN HUNGARY
Authors: Bodô I. , Koppâny G. , Gera I. , Manczur F. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe authors give information on the phenotypic characteristics and production, the history and present state of three autochthonous Hungarian sheep breeds : the Racka, the Tsigai and the Cikta.
THE “GAROLE” - MICROSHEEP OF BENGAL, INDIA
Authors: Ghalsasi P. M. , Nimbkar B. V. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYIn the Sundarbans area of West Bengal (India) there is a breed of microsheep (adult weight 10–14 Kg.) with a very high prolificacy (227%).This breed may be a valuable source of prolificacy for sheep in India. There are also reasons to believe that it is resistant to footrot. A conservation policy is necessary to preserve this hitherto neglected animal genetic resource.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF CONSERVING ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES
Authors: Smith Charles 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe methods of preserving animal genetic resources and the benefits and disadvantages are reviewed. The economic value of preserving germplasm in the face of uncertain needs and opportunities for use in the future is calculated. The conclusion is that the benefits greatly exceed the costs, and in many conditions in developing countries it would be desirable both to preserve and to improve indigenous breeds. International action is desirable to maximize efficiency and minimize risk.
Use of DNA markers to assist with product traceability and pedigree analysis and their role in breed conservation
Authors: Alderson G.L.H. , Plastow G.S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryModern pig breeds in Europe owe their origin to a mixture of Asian and European breeds and types. They evolved during the past two hundred years, and developed particular breed characteristics by the application of breed standards, which included specific reference to colour. DNA markers at two coat colour loci provide the potential for accurate breed assignation for wild boar, Berkshire and Tamworth breeds, and may also offer the potential to develop simple tools for the verification of the origin of pork products. The use of polymorphisms in genes determining coat colour is used to explore this potential in terms of breed identification for conservation of animal genetic resources, and product traceability for quality assurance.