bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustained delivery and efficacy of polymeric nanoparticles containing osteopontin and bone sialoprotein antisenses in rats with breast cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Elazar Victoria , Adwan Hassan , Bäuerle Tobias , Rohekar Keren , Golomb Gershon , Berger Martin R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPoor prognosis in mammary carcinoma is associated with a certain expression profile of a defined set of genes including osteopontin and bone sialoprotein. Efficient and specific delivery of antisenses (AS) and a protection of the sequences from degradation are the crucial conditions for AS therapeutic efficiency. We hypothesized that effective and safe AS delivery direceted against these genes could be achieved by polymeric nanoparticles (NP) fabricated from a biocompatible polymer. Due to their nano‐size range and small negative charge, AS‐NP can overcome the absorption barrier offering increased resistance to nuclease degradation, sustained duration of AS administration, and consequently, prolonged antisense action. The ASs designed against OPN and BSP‐II were successfully encapsulated in NP composed of the biodegradable and biocompatible polylactide‐co‐glycolide polymer (PLGA), exhibiting sustained release and stability of the ASs. The therapeutic efficacy of the AS‐NP delivery system was examined in vitro, and in a breast cancer bone metastasis animal model of MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer cells in nude rats. Treatment with OPN‐AS or BSP‐AS loaded NP in comparison with osmotic mini‐pumps (locoregional injection and SC implants, respectively) resulted in a significant decrease in both, tumor bone metastasis incidence and in the size of the lesions in rats with metastases. Despite its smaller dose, AS‐NP exhibited a better therapeutic efficacy than osmotic mini‐pumps in terms of lesion ratio at later time periods (8–12 weeks). It may be concluded that AS delivery by NP is a promising therapeutic modality providing stability of the encapsulated AS and a sustained release.
Comparison of HPV and cytology triage algorithms for women with borderline or mild dyskaryosis in population‐based cervical screening (VUSA‐screen study)
Authors: Rijkaart Dorien C. , Berkhof Johannes , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Rozendaal Lawrence , Verheijen René H.M. , Bulk Saskia , Herreilers Miriam E. , Verweij Wim M. , Snijders Peter J.F. , Meijer Chris J.L.M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe studied the effectiveness of high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) triage for immediate colposcopy in women with borderline or mild dyskaryosis (BMD). In the Utrecht province of the Netherlands, women aged 30–60 years who participated in the regular cervical screening programme were offered hrHPV testing and cytology (intervention group) or cytology only (control group). In the intervention group (n = 337), women with BMD were immediately referred for colposcopy only if the sample was hrHPV positive. Women with a hrHPV negative test were advised to repeat cytology at 6 and 18 months and were referred for colposcopy if and when the repeat test result was positive (BMD or worse). In the control group (n = 329), referral of women with BMD was delayed until cytology was repeatedly positive at 6 or 18 months. The CIN3 detection rates were 10.7% (36/337) in the intervention group and 6.4% (21/329) in the control group (p = 0.047). Moreover, hrHPV triaging resulted in shorter time to diagnosis (154 vs. 381 days). Although the number of colposcopy referrals was 51.5% higher in the intervention group than in the control group, the medical costs per detected CIN3 were slightly lower ([euro] 4781 vs. [euro] 6235). If, in addition, hrHPV negative women had been referred back to routine screening at baseline, the CIN3 rate would have been 10.1% (34/337) and colposcopy rate would only have been 30.4% higher than in the control group. This study shows that hrHPV triaging of women with BMD is at least as effective for detecting CIN3 as repeat cytology, also when hrHPV negative women are referred back to routine screening.
Characterization of vascular structures and skin bruises using hyperspectral imaging, image analysis and diffusion theory
Authors: Randeberg Lise Lyngsnes , Larsen Eivind La Puebla , Svaasand Lars Othar 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHyperspectral imaging, image analysis and diffusion theory were used to visualize skin vasculature and to monitor the development of fresh skin bruises. Bruises were inflicted in a porcine model, and the development of the hemorrhage was monitored using white light hyperspectral imaging (400–1000 nm). Hyperspectral images from human volunteers were also included in the study. Statistical image analysis was used to classify bruised regions and to visualize the skin vasculature. Biopsies were collected from the animals to reveal the true depth of the bruising. A three‐layer diffusion model and an analytic hemoglobin transport model were used to model the reflectance spectra from the images. The results show that hyperspectral images contain depth information, and that the approximate depth and extent of bruises can be retrieved using a combination of statistical image analysis and diffusion theory. This technique also shows potential to visualize vascular structures in human skin. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
SUMF2 interacts with interleukin‐13 and inhibits interleukin‐13 secretion in bronchial smooth muscle cells
Authors: Liang Hongyan , Li Zhengjun , Xue Li , Jiang Xiaofeng , Liu Fang 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIL‐13 is a central mediator of allergic inflammation and secreted by Th2 and bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMC). However, little is known about the regulation of IL‐13 secretion. To address it, a cDNA library of BSMC was screened for the proteins interacted with IL‐13 by yeast two‐hybridization. Besides IL‐13 receptors, human sulfatase modifying factor 2 (SUMF2) was interacted with IL‐13. Furthermore, SUMF2 and IL‐13 were co‐immunoprecipitated from BSMC, which was independent of IL‐13 glycosylation. Interestingly, high levels of SUMF2 were expressed by BSMC, accompanied by significantly higher levels of intracellular IL‐13, but lower levels of IL‐13 secretion from BSMC. In contrast, little of SUMF2 was detected in lymphocytes, accompanied by lower levels of intracellular IL‐13, but significantly higher levels of 12 kDa form of IL‐13 secretion. Moreover, knockdown of SUMF2 expression by transfection with SUMF2‐specific siRNA did not alter IL‐13 mRNA transcription, but significantly reduced intracellular IL‐13 levels, associated with increased levels of IL‐13 secretion from BSMC. While induction of transient SUMF2 expression in lymphocytes failed to modulate IL‐13 mRNA transcription. It significantly increased the contents of 12 kDa form of intracellular IL‐13, accompanied by significantly reduced levels of IL‐13 in their supernatants. In addition, blockage of N‐glycosylation by treatment with tunicamycin eliminated 17 kDa form of intracellular IL‐13, but failed to promote IL‐13 secretion in BSMC. Collectively, our novel data clearly indicated that SUMF2 interacted with IL‐13 and inhibited IL‐13 secretion in BSMC and lymphocytes, which was independent of IL‐13 glycosylation. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 1076–1083, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thrombin induces cyclooxygenase‐2 expression and prostaglandin E2 release via PAR1 activation and ERK1/2‐ and p38 MAPK‐dependent pathway in murine macrophages
Authors: Lo Huey‐Ming , Chen Chih‐Li , Tsai Yih‐Jeng , Wu Pi‐Hui , Wu Wen‐Bin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThrombin levels increase at sites of vascular injury and during acute coronary syndromes. It is also increased several fold by sepsis with a reciprocal decrease in the anti‐thrombin III levels. In this study we investigate the effects of thrombin on the induction of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and prostaglandin (PG) production in macrophages. Thrombin‐induced COX‐2 protein and mRNA expression in RAW264.7 and primary cultured peritoneal macrophages. A serine proteinase, trypsin, also exerted a similar effect. The inducing effect by thrombin in macrophages was not affected by a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐binding antibiotic, polymyxin B, excluding the possibility of LPS contamination. The increase of COX‐2 expression by thrombin was functionally linked to release of PGE2 and PGI2 but not thromboxane A2 into macrophage culture medium. Thrombin‐induced COX‐2 expression and PGE2 production were significantly attenuated by PD98059 and SB202190 but not by SP600125, suggesting that ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK activation were involved in this process. This was supported by the observation that thrombin could directly activate ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in macrophages. A further analysis indicated that the proteinase‐activated receptor 1 (PAR1)‐activating agonist induced effects similar to those induced by thrombin in macrophages and the PAR1 antagonist‐SCH79797 could attenuate thrombin‐induced COX‐2 expression and PGE2 release. Taken together, we provided evidence demonstrating that thrombin can induce COX‐2 mRNA and protein expression and PGE2 production in macrophages through PAR1 activation and ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK‐dependent pathway. The results presented here may explain, at least in part, the possible contribution of thrombin and macrophages in these pathological conditions. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 1143–1152, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motivational interviewing: a bellwether for context‐responsive psychotherapy integration
Authors: Constantino Michael J. , DeGeorge Joan , Dadlani Mamta B. , Overtree Christopher E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe comment on 6 clinical cases involving the application of one or more elements of Motivational interviewing (MI). First, we share our general reactions to MI and the case material. Second, we reflect briefly and specifically on each case illustration, highlighting the compelling flexibility and clinical utility of the MI spirit and its principles. Third, we offer several reflective themes across the cases, including convergences between MI and other psychotherapies, and unanswered clinical questions related to MI, its effectiveness, and its change mechanisms. Finally, we advance a context‐responsive psychotherapy integration for which MI might effectively serve as the bellwether. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65: 1–8, 2009.
The effectiveness and applicability of motivational interviewing: a practice‐friendly review of four meta‐analyses
Authors: Lundahl Brad , Burke Brian L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article reviews the research support for Motivational interviewing (MI) so that practitioners can make informed decisions about the value and applicability of MI in their clinical work. We highlight the evidence from the three published meta‐analyses of MI and a recent meta‐analysis that we completed. MI is significantly (10%–20%) more effective than no treatment and generally equal to other viable treatments for a wide variety of problems ranging from substance use (alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, and other drugs) to reducing risky behaviors and increasing client engagement in treatment. Although most client‐related variables are unrelated to outcomes (e.g., age, gender, severity), some decisions about treatment format (e.g., individual vs. group) are important. For example, relying solely on group‐delivered MI appears to be less effective than one‐on‐one MI, whereas delivering MI with problem feedback is likely to generate better outcomes for some problems than MI alone. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65: 1–14, 2009.
Motivation enhancement therapy can increase utilization of cognitive‐behavioral therapy: the case of social anxiety disorder
Authors: Buckner Julia D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDespite the documented efficacy of cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) for many psychological disorders, the vast majority of suffering people do not receive treatment. Treatment underutilization may prove at least partially due to ambivalence about seeking treatment. Ambivalence could result if, for example, people with social anxiety disorder (SAD) want to decrease their anxiety symptoms but are worried they will be judged negatively should they seek treatment. Motivation enhancement therapy (MET) can be a useful tool to help non‐treatment seekers explore and resolve ambivalence regarding seeking treatment. A case study illustrates the application of MET to encourage the utilization of CBT for a non‐treatment seeker with SAD. This case study includes outcome data regarding the client's experience with post‐MET CBT for her social anxiety. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65: 1–12, 2009.
Regulation of intestinal stem cells in mammals and Drosophila
Authors: Wang Ping , Hou Steven X. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe digestive systems in mammals and Drosophila are quite different in terms of their complexity and organization, but their biological functions are similar. The Drosophila midgut is a functional equivalent of the mouse small intestine. Adult intestinal stem cells (ISCs) have been identified in both the mouse small intestine and Drosophila midgut. The anatomy and cell renewal in the Drosophila midgut are similar to those in the mouse small intestine: the intestinal epithelium in both systems is a tube composed of epithelial cells with absorptive and secretory functions; the Notch signaling controls absorptive versus secretory fate decisions in the intestinal epithelium; cell renewal in both systems starts from stem cells in the basal cell layer, and the differentiated cells then move toward the lumen. However, it is clear that the stem cells in the two systems are regulated in different ways. In this review, we will compare cell renewal and stem cell regulation in the two systems. J. Cell. Physiol. 222:33–37, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leptodactylus ocellatus (Amphibia): mechanism of defense in the skin and molecular phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Leite João Manoel Almeida , Silva Luciano Paulino , Silva‐Leite Roberta Rocha , Ferrari Ana Stella , Noronha Sergio Eustáquio , Silva Helio Ricardo , Bloch Carlos , Leite José Roberto de Souza de Almeida 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAmphibian antimicrobial peptides have been known for many decades and several of them have already been isolated. However, the number of species investigated is still small. Herein, we report on the skin secretions of Leptodactylus ocellatus, which were extracted by mild electrical stimulation and its semi‐preparative reverse‐phase chromatography was resolved in more than 30 fractions. Among these fractions, two novel antimicrobial peptides were isolated and their amino acid sequences determined by de novo sequencing. The ocellatins‐5 and ‐6 (21 and 22 amino acid residues, respectively) are amidated at the C‐terminus. Ocellatins inhibited the growth of reference strains of both Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) with minimal inhibition concentration values in the range of 32–128 µg/mL. The amino acid sequence of the peptides shows structural similarity with members of the antimicrobial peptides found in the skin secretion of other leptodactylid frogs. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that many frog skin antimicrobial peptides are related evolutionarily, having arisen from multiple duplications of an ancestral gene that existed before the radiation of the different species. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:1–8, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for urea‐induced hypometabolism in isolated organs of dormant ectotherms
Authors: Muir Timothy J. , Costanzo Jon P. , Lee Richard E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMany organisms endure extended periods of dormancy by depressing their metabolism, which effectively prolongs the use of their endogenous energy stores. Though the mechanisms of hypometabolism are varied and incompletely understood, recent work suggests that urea accumulation in autumn and early winter contributes to reduced metabolism of hibernating wood frogs (Rana sylvatica). Urea accumulation during dormancy is a widespread phenomenon, and it has long been presumed that numerous species from diverse taxa benefit from its hypometabolic effect. To investigate the phylogenetic prevalence of urea‐induced hypometabolism, we studied four species of urea accumulators from the clades Amphibia (Spea bombifrons and Ambystoma tigrinum), Reptilia (Malaclemys terrapin), and Gastropoda (Anguispira alternata), and one amphibian species (R. pipiens) that does not accumulate urea during dormancy. We measured rates of oxygen consumption (V̇O2) of excised organ samples from dormant animals in the presence or absence of physiological concentrations of urea. Three of the four urea‐accumulating species had at least one organ whose V̇O2 was significantly decreased by urea treatment. However, V̇O2 of organs from R. pipiens, the one species tested that does not accumulate urea during dormancy, was not affected by urea treatment. Our results support the hypothesis that urea accumulation can reduce metabolic rate of dormant animals and provide a base for further investigation into the evolution of urea‐induced hypometabolism. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:28–34, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adult heat tolerance variation in Drosophila melanogaster is not related to Hsp70 expression
Authors: Jensen Louise Toft , Cockerell Fiona Elizabeth , Kristensen Torsten Nygaard , Rako Lea , Loeschcke Volker , McKechnie Stephen William , Hoffmann Ary Anthony 
Published: September 2009

AbstractExpression of heat‐inducible Hsp70 is considered closely linked to thermotolerance in Drosophila melanogaster and other ectotherms. However, intra‐specific variation of Hsp70 expression levels and its relationship to heat resistance has only been investigated in a few studies. Although in Drosophila larvae Hsp70 expression may be a key determinant of heat tolerance, the evidence for this in adults is equivocal. We therefore examined heat‐induced Hsp70 expression and several measurements of adult heat tolerance in three independent collections of D. melanogaster, measured in three laboratories and using slightly different protocols. Expression levels of Hsp70 were quantified using ELISA or Western blots on extracts from adult females. Both Hsp70 and heat tolerance exhibited substantial within‐population variation as previously reported. However, in all experiments there were no significant correlation between Hsp70 expression and laboratory assays of adult heat tolerance commonly used in Drosophila. When combining data across three studies we had high power to detect associations but the results showed that variation in Hsp70 expression is only likely to explain a small proportion of variation in adult heat tolerance. Therefore, although Hsp70 expression is a major component of the cellular heat stress response, its influence on intra‐specific heat tolerance variation may be life‐stage specific. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:35–44, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Directing human neural stem/precursor cells into oligodendrocytes by overexpression of Olig2 transcription factor
Authors: Maire Cécile L. , Buchet Delphine , Kerninon Christophe , Deboux Cyrille , Baron‐Van Evercooren Anne , Nait‐Oumesmar Brahim 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMultipotential neural stem/precursor cells of the central nervous system were extensively studied for their properties of generating myelinating oligodendrocytes both in vitro and in vivo upon engraftment in animal models of myelin disorders, such as leucodystrophy and multiple sclerosis. These studies provided proof‐of‐principle that efficient myelination can be achieved by cell transplantation. However, one major drawback of cell‐based therapy of myelin diseases is the difficulty in generating oligodendrocytes efficiently from human fetal neural stem/precursor cells (hNPC). Here we explored whether overexpression of the basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor Olig2 in fetal hNPC could enhance the generation of oligodendrocytes both in vitro and in vivo. We report that transduction of hNPC with Olig2‐encoding lentiviral vectors enhances their commitment toward an oligodendroglial fate. Moreover, Olig2‐transduced hNPC, grafted into the dysmyelinated shiverer mouse brain, survived up to 9 weeks, migrated extensively, and differentiated into MBP+ myelinating oligodendrocytes. In contrast, control hNPC remained at a less mature stage and generated very few myelinating oligodendrocytes. Our study indicates that bHLH transcription factors, such as Olig2, are interesting targets for directing hNPC into myelinating oligodendrocytes. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microglia of rat ventral midbrain recovers its resting state over time in vitro: Let microglia rest before work
Authors: Cristóvão Ana Clara , Saavedra Ana , Fonseca Carla Pais , Campos Filipa , Duarte Emília Pedrosa , Baltazar Graça 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCortical or total brain cultures of microglia are commonly used as a model to study the inflammatory processes in Parkinson's disease. Here we characterize microglia cultures from rat ventral midbrain and evaluate their response to zymosan A. We used specific markers of microglia and evaluated the morphology, the phagocytic activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of the cells. During the first 10 days in vitro (DIV), cultures presented predominantly cells with a round morphology, expressing CD68 and with high phagocytic activity and ROS production. After 13 DIV, this tendency was reversed, with cultures showing higher number of ramified cells and fewer CD68+ cells along with lower phagocytic and ROS production capability, suggesting that microglia must be kept in vitro for at least 13 days to recover its resting state. The exposure of cultures with less than 10 DIV to zymosan A significantly decreased cell viability. Exposure of cultures with 13 DIV to zymosan A (0.05, 0.5, or 5 μg/ml) increased the total cell number, the percentage of CD68+ cells, and the phagocytic activity. Concentrations of zymosan A higher than 5 μg/ml were also effective in activating microglia but significantly decreased the number of viable cells. In summary, microglial cells remain in the activated state for several days after the isolation process and, thus, stimulation of microglia recently isolated can compromise interpretation of the results. However, upon 13 DIV, cells achieve properties of nonactivated microglia and present a characteristic response to a proinflammatory agent. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Up‐regulation of oligodendrocyte precursor cell αV integrin and its extracellular ligands during central nervous system remyelination
Authors: Zhao Chao , Fancy Stephen P.J. , Franklin Robin J.M. , ffrench‐Constant Charles 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTo determine the role of extracellular matrix molecules and their integrin ligands in CNS remyelination, we have examined in experimentally induced focal demyelinated lesions the expression of the two classes of integrins implicated in oligodendrocyte development and myelination: α6 laminin‐binding integrins and αV integrins that bind a range of extracellular matrix proteins containing the ‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐ (RGD) recognition sequence. Only αV integrins were up‐regulated during remyelination, being expressed on oligodendrocyte precursor cells during their recruitment into the lesion. Next, therefore, we examined the expression of extracellular matrix ligands for αV integrins and documented increased expression of tenascin‐C, tenascin‐R, fibronectin, and vitronectin. Taken together with our previous discovery of high levels of expression of another αV ligand, osteopontin, during remyelination in these lesions, our findings suggest that αV integrins make an important contribution to successful repair in the CNS. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.