bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics and oral absorption of generic ciprofloxacin tablets in dogs
Authors: Papich Mark G. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in dogs, including oral absorption following administration of generic ciprofloxacin tablets.
Animals—6 healthy Beagles.
Procedures—In a crossover study design, ciprofloxacin was administered as a generic tablet (250 mg, PO; mean dose, 23 mg/kg) and solution (10 mg/kg, IV) to 6 dogs. In a separate experiment, 4 of the dogs received ciprofloxacin solution (10 mg/mL) PO via stomach tube (total dose, 250 mg). Blood samples were collected before (time 0) and for 24 hours after each dose. Plasma concentrations were analyzed with high-pressure liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by means of compartmental modeling.
Results—When ciprofloxacin was administered as tablets PO, peak plasma concentration was 4.4 μg/mL (coefficient of variation [CV], 55.9%), terminal half-life (t1/2) was 2.6 hours (CV, 10.8%), area under the time-concentration curve was 22.5 μg•h/mL (CV, 62.3%), and systemic absorption was 58.4% (CV, 45.4%). For the dose administered IV, t1/2 was 3.7 hours (CV, 52.3%), clearance was 0.588 L/kg/h (CV, 33.9%), and volume of distribution was 2.39 L/kg (CV, 23.7%). After PO administration as a solution versus IV administration, plasma concentrations were more uniform and consistent among dogs, with absorption of 71% (CV, 7.3%), t1/2 of 3.1 hours (CV, 18.6%), and peak plasma concentration of 4.67 μg/mL (CV, 17.6%).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Inconsistent oral absorption of ciprofloxacin in some dogs may be formulation dependent and affected by tablet dissolution in the small intestine. Because of the wide range in oral absorption of tablets, the dose needed to reach the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target concentration in this study ranged from 12 to 52 mg/kg (CV, 102%), with a mean dose of 25 mg/kg, once daily, for bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration ≤ 0.25 μg/mL.
Platelet-neutrophil aggregate formation in blood samples from dogs with systemic inflammatory disorders
Authors: Dircks Brigitte Hedwig , Mischke Reinhard , Schuberth Hans-Joachim 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate platelet-neutrophil aggregate (PNA) formation and neutrophil shape as indicators of neutrophil activation in dogs with systemic inflammatory diseases and after blood sample incubation with various platelet and neutrophil agonists.
Animals—20 dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and 10 healthy Beagles.
Procedures—Neutrophils were isolated from blood samples directly after blood sample collection and after incubation of blood samples with phorbol myristate acetate, collagen, adenosine diphosphate, epinephrine, or various concentrations of lipopolysaccharide or arachidonic acid. CD61+ neutrophils as an indicator of PNA formation were evaluated, and neutrophil size and granularity were assessed via flow cytometry.
Results—Dogs with SIRS had more PNA formation, larger neutrophil size, and less granularity relative to control dogs, but no differences were evident when these dogs were grouped by whether they had sepsis (n = 6) or disseminated intravascular coagulation (12). A significant increase in PNA formation occurred after neutrophil incubation with all agonists, and incubation with phorbol myristate acetate elicited the strongest response. Neutrophils increased in size and decreased in granularity after incubation with all agonists except epinephrine. Incubation with lipopolysaccharide or arachidonic acid resulted in a dose-dependent effect on PNA formation and neutrophil shape.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—SIRS appeared to increase the degree of PNA formation and neutrophil shape change. Similar changes after neutrophil incubation with platelet agonists suggested that platelet activation has a role in PNA formation. Additional studies are necessary to determine the clinical importance and diagnostic value of PNA formation in dogs with SIRS and sepsis.
Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of two partial intravenous anesthetic protocols, compared with isoflurane alone, to maintain general anesthesia in horses
Authors: Nannarone Sara , Spadavecchia Claudia 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Objective—To compare the ability of 2 partial IV anesthesia (PIVA) techniques to maintain anesthesia, compared with isoflurane alone, in horses.
Animals—45 horses.
Procedures—Client-owned horses requiring general anesthesia for a variety of procedures of at least 1 hour's duration were randomly allocated to 3 groups (n = 15/group) that differed for the maintenance protocol. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane with a starting end-tidal isoflurane concentration of 1.3% (isoflurane group) or a concentration of 1% supplemented with an adjustable continuous infusion of guaifenesin-ketamine (IGK group) or romifidine-ketamine (IRK group). A predefined scoring system was used to assess anesthetic depth and to adjust anesthetic delivery. The need for rescue anesthetics and recovery quality were compared.
Results—A mean ± SD end-tidal isoflurane concentration of 1.36 ± 0.16% was necessary to maintain a surgical plane of anesthesia in the isoflurane group. Mean infusion rates of 5.0 ± 1.3 μL/kg/min and 5.1 ± 0.8 μL/kg/min were necessary to maintain a surgical plane of anesthesia in the IRK and IGK groups, respectively. A lower need for ketamine as a rescue anesthetic was observed in the IGK group, compared with the isoflurane group. Higher blood pressure and lower heart rates were found at selected time points for the IRK group, compared with the IGK and isoflurane groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Both PIVA protocols were satisfactory to maintain smooth and stable surgical anesthesia in horses. The present study supports previous findings in which PIVA has isoflurane-sparing effects. Furthermore, PIVA did not impair recovery quality.
Diagnosis of lameness in dogs by use of artificial neural networks and ground reaction forces obtained during gait analysis
Authors: Kaijima Makiko , Foutz Timothy L. , McClendon Ronald W. , Budsberg Steven C. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the accuracy of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for use in predicting subjective diagnostic scores of lameness with variables determined from ground reaction force (GRF) data.
Animals—21 adult mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures—The left cranial cruciate ligament of each dog was transected to induce osteoarthritis of the stifle joint as part of another study. Lameness scores were assigned and GRF data were collected 2 times before and 5 times after ligament transection. Inputs and the output for each ANN were GRF variables and a lameness score, respectively. The ANNs were developed by use of data from 14 dogs and evaluated by use of data for the remaining 7 dogs (ie, dogs not used in model development).
Results—ANN models developed with 2 preferred input variables had an overall accuracy ranging from 96% to 99% for 2 data configurations (data configuration 1 contained patterns or observations for 7 dogs, whereas data configuration 2 contained patterns or observations for 7 other dogs). When additional variables were added to the models, the highest overall accuracy ranged from 97% to 100%.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—ANNs provided a method for processing GRF data of dogs to accurately predict subjective diagnostic scores of lameness. Processing of GRF data via ANNs could result in a more precise evaluation of surgical and pharmacological intervention by detecting subtle lameness that could have been missed by visual analysis of GRF curves.
Rectal duplication, rare cause of constipation — case report
Authors: Marjanovic Zoran , Djordjevic Ivona , Slavkovic Andjelka , Krstic Marijana 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Digestive tract duplications are uncommon congenital anomalies, encountered mostly in the first 3 months of life. Overall the rectum is the least common site of alimentary duplications. We represent a case of large cystic non-communicating duplication that manifested with constipation and profuse rectal bleeding. When diagnosis was established, surgery was planned and the cyst was enucleated completely. Histopathology examination confirmed the diagnosis.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Asthma in School Going Children in South India
Authors: Mathew Anil Chankaramangalam , Prince TG , Remees R , Saravanapandian N , Ramalingam S , Srikanth K , Mathai J 
Published: June 2012

Background In India, the prevalence of asthma has increased over the last two decades especially in children and young adults. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of asthma in school going children aged 5-10 and 11-15 years in the city of Coimbatore and determine the risk factors associated with it. Materials and methods A school based cross-sectional study was conducted at the urban field practice area of PSGIMSR, Coimbatore between 1st June 2011 and 31st August 2011. The questionnaire was filled by the parents and collected from the children. The data were analyzed using SPSS (11.5version). Results The prevalence of asthma among children aged 5-10 years was 9.5% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 7.49 – 11.50) and among children aged 11-15 years was 7.27% (95% CI 5.40 – 9.14). The Risk factors significantly associated with asthma among children aged 5-10 years were positive family history of asthma (Odds Ratio (OR)=3.10, 95% CI 1.80 - 5.36), longer duration of time spent in front of television and computer (OR=2.75, 95% CI 1.44 - 5.25), having food allergies (OR=2.36, 95% CI 1.19 - 4.68), and low birth weight of the child (OR=1.79, 95% CI 1.08 - 2.98). The factors significantly associated with asthma among children aged 11-15 years were positive family history of asthma (OR=2.99, 95% CI 1.34 - 6.64), poor ventilation (OR= 4.94, 95% CI 2.72 – 8.93), and use of pillows made up of wool, foam or synthetic material (OR=2.7, 95% CI 1.31 - 5.58). Conclusion Our data suggests that there is a high prevalence of asthma among school going children in Coimbatore. Parental history of asthma was a risk factor in both age groups studied. Television viewing for more than 2 hours, low birth weight and food allergy are additional risk factors for children aged 5-10 years. Poor ventilation and use of pillows made up of wool/ foam/ synthetic material are other risk factors in 11-15 years old children. Appropriate preventive strategies may help reduce the risk of asthma. Children with low birth weight and a family history of asthma need careful evaluation and long term follow up.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v2i1.6378 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2012;2 (1):171-178
Bundling Commodities and Attached Services with Nonlinear Pricing
Authors: Podesta Marion , Poudou Jean-Christophe 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Cet article analyse la tarification non linéaire optimale pour un monopole offrant un package comprenant un bien et un service attaché au bien, lorsque ce dernier augmente l’utilité marginale que les consommateurs accordent au bien. Nous examinons les mécanismes d’incitation de révélation des préférences dans le cas où l’information privée est représentée par un paramètre unidimensionnel. Sous l’hypothèse de coûts constants nous retrouvons le résultat standard où il est profitable pour les consommateurs d’acheter le bien et le service attaché sous forme de package plutôt que séparément. Cependant, avec des coûts croissants, lorsque le degré de complémentarité entre le bien et le service est suffisamment élevé, le prix marginal du bien séparé est plus faible que comme élément du package. Contrairement à Martimort (1992), lorsque le bien et le service sont parfaitement complémentaires, nous ne pouvons pas conclure qu’il est plus coûteux pour les consommateurs de signer deux contrats aux différents magasins que d’acquérir le package. Du fait des asymétries prises en compte dans la fonction d’utilité, la profitabilité d’une stratégie de ventes liées dépend, d’une part du degré de complémentarité entre le bien et le service attaché, et d’autre part du degré d’optionalité du service lié. Classification JEL : D42, L12, Q4.
Imaginaire du hasard et prévention des risques
Authors: Vidal Bertrand 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Des prévisions magico-religieuses à la prophylaxie la plus technique et scientifique, en passant, aussi bien, par la superstition ou la simulation, l’Homme, malgré ses désirs d’aventures, au quotidien, ne cesse de vouloir se prévenir des risques et des aléas. Comme le suggère Roger Caillois en parlant d’instinct d’aléa, si l’on retrouve cette attitude dans le fond archaïque de l’Homme, il faut noter l’importance voire même la primauté sociologique de l’imaginaire dans ces tentatives d’élimination sociale de l’aléa : l’imaginaire de l’aléa est à la fois source de la désignation du bouc émissaire, du responsable de ce qui arrive, et, à la fois moteur des pratiques de prévention.
« Non-art » au musée ou revisiter les enjeux des pratiques artistiques urbaines contemporaines
Authors: do Nascimento Gonçalves Fernando 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Le présent texte a pour objet d’analyser des pratiques artistiques dans des espaces urbains, caractérisées, curieusement, par le fait de pousser l’art à un seuil au-delà duquel sa condition établie d’« œuvre » perd son sens ou, tout au moins, devient moins importante que d’autres types d’expériences esthétiques. Il s’agit de la mise en œuvre « non artistique » de formes d’occupation et d’utilisation des espaces de la ville par Louise Ganz et Breno Silva, artistes et architectes brésiliens. Les buts en seront d’analyser la construction du sens de ces expressions contemporaines de création avec les espaces urbains et d’examiner ses correspondances avec le processus que Félix Guattari a nommé « réinvestissement subjectif » des espaces urbains.
Communication et imaginaire : savoirs archaïques, pratiques contemporaines
Authors: Martins Portanova Barros Ana Taís 
Published: June 2012

Résumé La communication actualise le besoin ancestral qu’a l’homme de raconter le monde. En ces temps d’innovations technologiques quotidiennes, les phénomènes communicatifs sont stimulés par l’imaginaire et vice-versa. En vertu du besoin de maîtriser le chaos et de l’organiser en cosmos, l’homme cherche à partager les informations, les idées et les connaissances afin de pouvoir attribuer un sens au monde grâce à une symbolisation dont l’espace privilégié est celui de l’imaginaire. Sous cette perspective, de nouvelles équations surgissent pour répondre à d’anciennes questions : les rapports entre le réel et l’imaginaire, les démythifications et re-mythifications encouragées par les technologies de l’information, le stéréotype et le préjugé, de même que les dégradations d’images archétypiques qui circulent au sein des produits de la communication.
Une question de goût ?
Authors: Pitombo Cidreira Renata 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Cet article vise à comprendre les mécanismes d’adhésion et d’identification qu’offre et encourage l’univers de la mode, en tenant compte de la notion de goût . Pour ce faire, il sera nécessaire de reconnaître tout au moins deux dimensions : l’attitude réceptive du consommateur et l’attitude d’imposition de la part des stylistes, qui établissent et provoquent les jeux de tendances. Ceci implique qu’il faut comprendre comment s’opèrent les choix personnels : existe-t-il quelque chose qui lie le goût personnel au goût collectif ou est-ce que « le goût ne se discute pas » ?
Positively Curved Riemannian Locally Symmetric Spaces are Positively Squared Distance Curved
Authors: Delanoë Philippe , Rouvière François 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe squared distance curvature is a kind of two-point curvature the sign of which turned out to be crucial for the smoothness of optimal transportation maps on Riemannian manifolds. Positivity properties of that new curvature have been established recently for all the simply connected compact rank one symmetric spaces, except the Cayley plane. Direct proofs were given for the sphere, and an indirect one (via the Hopf fibrations) for the complex and quaternionic projective spaces. Here, we present a direct proof of a property implying all the preceding ones, valid on every positively curved Riemannian locally symmetric space.
Correction of Proofs in “Purely Infinite Simple C*-algebras Arising from Free Product Constructions“ and a Subsequent Paper
Authors: Ara Pere , Dykema Kenneth J. , Rørdam Mikael 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe proofs of Theorem 2.2 of K. J. Dykema and M. Rørdam, Purely infinite simple C*-algebras arising from free product constructions, Canad. J. Math. 50 (1998), 323–341 and of Theorem 3.1 of K J. Dykema, Purely infinite simple C*-algebras arising from free product constructions, II,Math. Scand. 90 (2002), 73–86 are corrected.
On Hessian Limit Directions along Gradient Trajectories
Authors: Grandjean Vincent 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGiven a non-oscillating gradient trajectory |γ|of a real analytic function f, we show that the limit v of the secants at the limit point 0of |γ|along the trajectory |γ| is an eigenvector of the limit of the direction of the Hessian matrix Hess(f) at 0along |γ|. The same holds true at infinity if the function is globally sub-analytic. We also deduce some interesting estimates along the trajectory. Away from the ends of the ambient space, this property is of metric nature and still holds in a general Riemannian analytic setting.
Distance Sets of Urysohn Metric Spaces
Authors: Sauer N.W. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract.A metric space M = (M; d) is homogeneous if for every isometry f of a finite subspace of M to a subspace of M there exists an isometry of M onto M extending f . The space M is universal if it isometrically embeds every finite metric space F with dist(F) ⊆ dist(M) (with dist(M) being the set of distances between points in M).A metric space U is a Urysohn metric space if it is homogeneous, universal, separable, and complete. (We deduce as a corollary that a Urysohn metric space U isometrically embeds every separable metric space M with dist(M) ⊆ dist(U).)The main results are: (1) A characterization of the sets dist(U) for Urysohn metric spaces U. (2) If R is the distance set of a Urysohn metric space and M and N are two metric spaces, of any cardinality with distances in R, then they amalgamate disjointly to a metric space with distances in R. (3) The completion of every homogeneous, universal, separable metric space M is homogeneous.
Computation of Two-Phase Biomembranes with Phase DependentMaterial Parameters Using Surface Finite Elements
Authors: Elliott Charles M. , Stinner Björn 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe shapes of vesicles formed by lipid bilayers with phase separation are governed by a bending energy with phase dependent material parameters together with a line energy associated with the phase interfaces. We present a numerical method to approximate solutions to the Euler-Lagrange equations featuring triangulated surfaces, isoparametric quadratic surface finite elements and the phase field approach for the phase separation. Furthermore, the method involves an iterative solution scheme that is based on a relaxation dynamics coupling a geometric evolution equation for the membrane surface with a surface Allen-Cahn equation. Remeshing and grid adaptivity are discussed, and in various simulations the influence of several physical parameters is investigated.
A h-Adaptive Algorithm Using Residual Error Estimates for Fluid Flows
Authors: Ganesh N. , Balakrishnan N. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAlgorithms for adaptive mesh refinement using a residual error estimator are proposed for fluid flow problems in a finite volume framework. The residual error estimator, referred to as the ℜ-parameter is used to derive refinement and coarsening criteria for the adaptive algorithms. An adaptive strategy based on the ℜ-parameter is proposed for continuous flows, while a hybrid adaptive algorithm employing a combination of error indicators and the ℜ-parameter is developed for discontinuous flows. Numerical experiments for inviscid and viscous flows on different grid topologies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms on arbitrary polygonal grids.
Flow in Collapsible Tubes with Discontinuous Mechanical Properties: Mathematical Model and Exact Solutions
Authors: Toro Eleuterio F. , Siviglia Annunziato 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe formulate a one-dimensional time-dependent non-linear mathematical model for some types of physiological fluid flow in collapsible tubes with discontinuous material properties. The resulting 6 × 6 hyperbolic system is analysed and the associated Riemann problem is solved exactly. Although the solution algorithm deals with idealised cases, it is nonetheless uniquely well-suited for assessing the performance of numerical methods intended for simulating more general situations. Moreover, our model may be a useful starting point for numerical calculations of realistic flows involving rapid and discontinuous material property variations. One important example in mind is the simulation of blood flow in medium-to-large veins in humans. Finally, we also discuss some peculiarities of the model regarding the loss of strict hyperbolicity and uniqueness. In particular we show an example in which the solution of the Riemann problem is non unique.
Minimum and Full Fluidization Velocity for Alumina Used in the Aluminum Smelter
Authors: de Vasconcelos Paulo Douglas S. , Mesquita André L. Amarante 
Published: June 2012

Fluidization is an engineering unit operation that occurs when a fluid (liquid or gas) ascends through a bed of particles, and these particles get a velocity of minimum fluidization Vmf enough to stay in suspension, but without carrying them in the ascending flow. As from this moment the powder behaves as liquid at boiling point, hence the term “fluidization”. This operation is widely used in the aluminum smelter processes, for gas dry scrubbing (mass transfer) and in a modern plant for continuous alumina pot feeding (particles' momentum transfer). The understanding of the alumina fluoride rheology is of vital importance in the design of fluidized beds for gas treatment and fluidized pipelines for pot feeding. This paper shows the results of the experimental and theoretical values of the minimum and full fluidization velocities for the alumina fluoride used to project the state of the art round non-metallic air-fluidized conveyor of multiples outlets.
Synthesis and in vitro Cytotoxicity of Glycans-Capped Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Dini Luciana , Panzarini Elisa , Serra Antonio , Buccolieri Alessandro , Manno Daniela 
Published: June 2012

Silver nanostructures were successfully synthesized through a simple and “green” method using saccharides as reducing and capping agent. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV–Vis absorption were used to certify the quality of the silver nanoparticles obtained: firstly, size and dispersion. In this work Silver NanoParticles (AgNPs) cytotoxicity related to saccharides capping (Glucose and Glucose-Sucrose) was explored in human epitheloid cervix carcinoma cells (HeLa). The cells were incubated with increasing AgNPs number/cell and HeLa cells viability was monitored for a period of 48 h compared with the positive and negative controls. We observed that the toxicity increases with incubation time and with AgNPs number/cell. In particular, the different cytotoxic degree of the AgNPs, i.e. AgNP-G are more toxic than AgNP-GS, suggests that the cytotoxic effects are largely depended on the capping agent. The highest concentration of AgNP-G number/cell is able to induce extensive cell death of HeLa cells soon after 1 hr of incubation; conversely the lowest concentration of Ag NP-GS number/cell, surprisingly, is able to induce cell proliferation.