bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of plastic injection molding process by dual response surface method with non‐linear programming
Authors: Chen Wu‐Lin , Huang Chin‐Yin , Hung Chi‐Wei 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find the optimal values of process parameters in injection molding when both warpage and shrinkage are minimized.Design/methodology/approachIn finding the optimal values, advantages of finite element software, Moldflow, and dual response surface method (dual RSM) combined with the nonlinear programming technique by Lingo are exploited. Considering the nine process parameters, injection time, injection pressure, packing pressure, packing time, cooling time, coolant temperature, mold‐open time, melting temperature and mold surface temperature, a series of mold analyses are performed to exploit the warpage and shrinkage data. In the analyses, warpage is considered the primary response, whereas shrinkage is the secondary response.FindingsThe results indicate that dual RSM combined with the nonlinear programming technique can outperform the Taguchi's optimization method. The optimal process values are also confirmed by re‐running experiments on Moldflow. Additionally, an auxiliary dual RSM model is proposed to search for a better result based on the given findings by dual RSM at the cost of running extra experiments. Based on dual RSM, a multiple objective optimization for the whole plastic product is finally suggested to integrate the dual RSM models that are developed for the individual nodes or edges.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a new method to find the optimal process for plastic injection molding.
Multi‐physics simulation of friction stir welding process
Authors: Hamilton Robert , MacKenzie Donald , Li Hongjun 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe friction stir welding (FSW) process comprises several highly coupled (and non‐linear) physical phenomena: large plastic deformation, material flow transportation, mechanical stirring of the tool, tool‐workpiece surface interaction, dynamic structural evolution, heat generation from friction and plastic deformation. This paper aims to present an advanced finite element (FE) model encapsulating this complex behaviour and various aspects associated with the FE model such as contact modelling, material model and meshing techniques are to be discussed in detail.Design/methodology/approachThe numerical model is continuum solid mechanics‐based, fully thermo‐mechanically coupled and has successfully simulated the FSW process including plunging, dwelling and welding stages.FindingsThe development of several field variables are quantified by the model: temperature, stress, strain. Material movement is visualized by defining tracer particles at the locations of interest. The numerically computed material flow patterns are in very good agreement with the general findings from experiments.Originality/valueThe model is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the most advanced simulation of FSW published in the literature.
Auditor and non‐mentor supervisor relationships
Authors: Miller Cathleen L. , Siegel Philip H. , Reinstein Alan 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine the effects of mentoring and organizational justice on auditors' relationships with their non‐mentor supervisors. While having a mentor should cause higher quality protégé auditors and their non‐mentor supervisor relationships, organizational justice perceptions should mediate this mentoring association. Thus, having a mentor should see higher procedural justice perceptions, which, in turn, should result in higher quality relationships between protégés and their non‐mentor supervisors.Design/methodology/approachA survey of 95 audit professionals shows that protégés report higher quality auditor‐supervisor relationships than do non‐protégés; however, having a mentor does not appear to be the determining factor.FindingsBuilding on a prior study of Siegel et al., the paper finds that auditor attitudes towards the job (job satisfaction) and the firm (job commitment) eliminate the association between mentoring and quality of auditor‐supervisor relationships. Procedural justice, but not distributive justice, perceptions also mediate the relationship between job satisfaction and quality of auditor‐supervisor relationships. Procedural justice perceptions produce higher quality auditor‐supervisor relationships with non‐mentor supervisors.Research limitations/implicationsUsing mediation regression techniques instead of the more stringent path analysis and using self‐reported survey data that derives a method variance could affect the generalizability of our results. Future research can correct these limitations.Practical implicationsThe paper finds that while merely having a mentor need not improve relationships, mentoring programs can still greatly improve auditor‐supervisor relationships.Originality/valueThe paper includes implications for developing effective mentoring programs for CPA firms.
Do audit delays affect client retention?
Authors: Mande Vivek , Son Myungsoo 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine whether lengthy audit delays lead to auditor changes in the subsequent year. The paper hypothesizes that a lengthy interaction between clients and their auditors reflects high audit risk factors relating to management integrity, internal controls, and the financial reporting process. It argues that auditors are more likely to drop clients with long audit delays because they would like to avoid these types of audit risks.Design/methodology/approachUsing logistic regressions, the paper first tests whether a lengthy audit delay leads to an auditor change. It then examines whether as audit delays increase, auditor changes are more likely to be downward than lateral.FindingsThe results support the hypothesis that Big N auditor‐client realignments occur following long audit delays. Further, as the length of the delay increases, the paper finds that there are more downward changes.Research limitations/implicationsAn implication of our study is that a long audit delay represents a publicly observed proxy for the presence of audit risk factors that lead to an auditor change.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that all else constant, investors should consider a lengthy audit delay as indicating that there has been deterioration in the quality of the client‐auditor interaction. An audit delay also presents an observable proxy for successor auditors to consider while evaluating risks associated with a new client.Originality/valueThe results of our study increase our understanding of how Big N auditors manage their client portfolios to mitigate their exposure to risk factors.
The asymmetric relationship between corporate environmental responsibility and earnings management
Authors: Heltzer Wendy 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between earnings management (EM) and subsamples of corporate environmental responsibility (CER).Design/methodology/approachKLD data are used to generate subsamples of environmental “strengths” and “concerns”. Differences in EM are studied across subsamples, using discretionary accruals to proxy for EM. The samples consist of 2,171 US firms.FindingsFirms with at least one environmental strength do not exhibit statistically different levels of EM, relative to environmentally neutral firms, while firms with at least one environmental concern do exhibit statistically greater EM (greater income‐increasing discretionary accruals), relative to other sample firms. Further, firms with multiple environmental concerns exhibit greater EM than firms with a single environmental concern. These findings do not support the political cost hypothesis per the CER/EM literature, but they do support the institutional hypothesis (in the case of environmental strengths) and myopia avoidance hypothesis (in the case of environmental concerns) per the broader corporate social responsibility (CSR)/EM literature.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are limited to US firms; results may not be transferable to other countries. KLD data are binary, and thus may not capture the full array of CER.Practical implicationsThe findings may aid interested parties in detecting EM.Originality/valueThe paper provides a new testing environment for theoretical frameworks established in the CER/EM and CSR/EM literatures. Additionally, the findings differ across subsamples, suggesting that the relationship between CER and EM is asymmetric.
Artificially intelligent conversational agents in libraries
Authors: Rubin Victoria L. , Chen Yimin , Thorimbert Lynne Marie 
Published: November 2010

PurposeConversational agents are natural language interaction interfaces designed to simulate conversation with a real person. This paper seeks to investigate current development and applications of these systems worldwide, while focusing on their availability in Canadian libraries. It aims to argue that it is both timely and conceivable for Canadian libraries to consider adopting conversational agents to enhance – not replace – face‐to‐face human interaction. Potential users include library web site tour guides, automated virtual reference and readers' advisory librarians, and virtual story‐tellers. To provide background and justification for this argument, the paper seeks to review agents from classic implementations to state‐of‐the‐art prototypes: how they interact with users, produce language, and control conversational behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThe web sites of the 20 largest Canadian libraries were surveyed to assess the extent to which specific language‐related technologies are offered in Canada, including conversational agents. An exemplified taxonomy of four pragmatic purposes that conversational agents currently serve outside libraries – educational, informational, assistive, and socially interactive – is proposed and translated into library settings.FindingsAs of early 2010, artificially intelligent conversational systems have been found to be virtually non‐existent in Canadian libraries, while other innovative technologies proliferate (e.g. social media tools). These findings motivate the need for a broader awareness and discussion within the LIS community of these systems' applicability and potential for library purposes.Originality/valueThis paper is intended for reflective information professionals who seek a greater understanding of the issues related to adopting conversational agents in libraries, as this topic is scarcely covered in the LIS literature. The pros and cons are discussed, and insights offered into perceptions of intelligence (artificial or not) as well as the fundamentally social nature of human‐computer interaction.
Alleviating physical space constraints using virtual space?
Authors: Cocciolo Anthony 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether virtual space can be used to alleviate physical space constraints for group collaboration in an urban academic library environment. Specifically, this paper looks to uncover whether library users will turn to library‐provided virtual space when there is a scarcity of physical space.Design/methodology/approachThis project discusses the design of the physical and virtual environment, and then measures the use of this environment quantitatively over a 47‐month period (2005‐2009).FindingsResults indicate that physical spaces for group collaboration are in very high demand, whereas virtual ones are not. A scarcity of physical collaboration spaces does not lead users to library‐provided virtual space, but rather to work around the scarcity in the physical world.Originality/valueThe paper highlights the value of the library as a gathering place and the ways in which virtual collaboration space cannot easily take the place of physical collaboration space.
Utilizing geographic information systems (GIS) in library research
Authors: Wade Bishop Bradley , Mandel Lauren H. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this research paper is to explore library research that uses geographic information systems (GIS) as a tool to measure and analyze library services and establish future directions for this research area.Design/methodology/approachThis study reviews the library literature using GIS. The study searched full text for geographic information systems in two databases, Library Literature and Information Full Text and Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts (LISTA). The titles and abstracts of the search results were analyzed to gather only the research that used GIS as a tool to measure and analyze library services.FindingsThis review of the literature reveals research using GIS as a tool in two ways: to analyze service area populations, including facility site location and other service and resource decision making; and to manage facilities, including in‐library use and occupancy of library study space.Practical implicationsThe findings are relevant for library and information science researchers and practitioners because they summarize a specific area of research that may be confusing for the novice, but beneficial to the field. Using GIS in practice and research could benefit library services by generating maps to convey more information than tables and text alone and by allowing spatial analysis of library services inside the library as well as in a library's service areas.Originality/valueThe paper provides future directions for an emerging research area and attempts to define subdivisions within this research area to clarify the area for researchers and practitioners.
Information literacy barriers: language use and social structure
Authors: Lin Peyina 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to examine barriers to information literacy (IL), including: language use, social structures, and the neutrality‐advocacy dilemma.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper critical analysis is used to discuss: effect of language used on audience reach; cognitive locus assumptions in IL standards and oversight on structural factors; opportunities for libraries to overcome IL barriers. Arguments are substantiated with theories and research from sociology, psychology, and education.FindingsEffective diffusion of IL depends on using common language and being relevant to learners. However, knowledge differences between librarians and the public can make finding common language challenging. Additionally, by assuming information illiteracy in people, the term may convey negative‐evaluation, which may negatively affect learners' sense of competence and motivation for learning, and result in ineffective learning. Extracurricular/civic activities in schools are rich settings for effective learning, but structural factors, often overlooked by proponents of IL, constrain students' opportunities for civic participation. Fortunately, the library provides a sense of relatedness to students and has the potential to support conditions for effective learning in civic contexts.Research limitations/implicationsPropositions have not been empirically tested in IL contexts.Practical implicationsThe paper proposes ways to address barriers to information literacy and calls for empirical research.Social implicationsThe paper legitimizes librarians to play advocacy roles for students' civic engagement.Originality/valueNo literature in information literacy examines in‐depth the effects of its language choice and cognitive locus on audience reach. This paper integrates theories from sociology, psychology, and education, to argue how language choice and social structures constrain IL attainment and proposes ways to address those barriers.
Making web content accessible for the deaf via sign language
Authors: Möbus Lisa 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to show the special needs of deaf people to have a barrier‐free access to the internet and its services and benefit from it. It aims to give explanations why deaf people need sign language on the web as a replacement for acoustic and written content and to present today's solutions to realize it.Design/methodology/approachThis is a comparison and confrontation of today's research on the topic, influenced by the author's opinion.FindingsDeaf people need sign language on the web to have full access to acoustic and written content. Sign‐language‐videos with human interpreters are today's common solution. There is a lot of research and projects with avatar‐technologies to overcome the limits of sign‐language‐videos, but the possibilities of this solution are still restricted.Social implicationsThis paper seeks to draw attention to the special need of deaf people, their restrictions in reading and writing and why sign language is the crucial factor to include deaf people in the information society.Originality/valueThis paper confronts the actual solutions of the topic and shows their advantages and limits.
Overcoming the information gap
Authors: Tatomir Jennifer , Durrance Joan C. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to address problems associated with the accessibility of academic library databases.Design/methodology/approachThis study evaluates 32 databases and measures their accessibility to users of adaptive technology.FindingsBased on the results of this study, 72 percent of the evaluated databases were rated as marginally accessible or inaccessible, reflecting a low level of compliance to federal web accessibility legislation and international web accessibility standards. To measure database accessibility to adaptive technology users, this study operationalized accessibility into ten component parts as the Tatomir Accessibility Checklist (TAC) and tested each database on each component.Originality/valueFindings of this study can be used both by those who purchase and manage databases in libraries to identify the most accessible databases and by designers of the databases to improve specific features.
Preserving authenticity in the digital age
Authors: Adam Sharon 
Published: November 2010

PurposeIn this increasingly digital world, archivists have had to reconsider early definitions and measures of authenticity in order to ensure their applicability to the process of preserving digital records. This paper sets out to explore the complexities involved in defining and preserving the authenticity of digital files.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on literature from the field to present a comprehensive overview of traditional definitions of authenticity and highlight the shifting nature of those definitions in the digital age. The discussion begins with a look at traditional archival understandings of authenticity as they relate to physical objects. The paper goes on to examine these challenges and efforts and includes a look at the resource demands and technology tools currently used to evaluate digital authenticity. The paper conducted extensive research on the subject to compile source materials and draw conclusions.FindingsThis paper highlights the inherent challenge of establishing and maintaining pertinent criteria for authenticity when archivists are, for the most part, electing to reformat and effectively change digital records in order to ensure their long‐term preservation.Practical implicationsThis paper includes practical implications for redefining, measuring, and preserving the authenticity of digital records.Social implicationsThis paper has social implications in that it asserts a need to question the well‐established understanding of what it means to be authentic.Originality/valueThe paper brings together a range of information and presents a comprehensive yet succinct view of the issues involved in defining and preserving digital authenticity, not otherwise found in the literature serving the archive community.
Baby Boomers and the United States public library system
Authors: Nelson Decker Emy 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe members of the Baby Boom generation, who comprise a very large, diverse, and outspoken sector of the population, are about to grow older and enter the public library. Are public libraries in the USA ready to accommodate their changing needs? The number of Baby Boomers, soon to be in the older adult category, will be unprecedented. Never before has there been such a sharp increase in the number of older adults. In addition, this group of users will have particular needs of their public libraries. This paper aims to focus on the issues.Design/methodology/approachThis paper explores the specific needs that the Baby Boom generation will have of the US public library system by focusing on three specific, albeit interrelated, categories: social, programming, and technological, and offers methods for keeping these vital members of society engaged with their public libraries.FindingsThis paper provides insights into possible solutions for maintaining and enhancing the public library's role as an important cultural center in the community for the aging population.Originality/valueThe paper explores the needs of the Baby Boom generation and what the US public library system can do to serve these needs.
Making the case for the leadership role of school librarians in technology integration
Authors: Smith Daniella 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine the self‐perceived impact of technology training on the transformational leadership practices of pre‐service school librarians who participated in a Master's degree program in library and information studies focusing on leadership development.Design/methodology/approachA concurrent triangulation mixed method design was implemented using two paper‐based self‐administered surveys. The first survey measured transformational leadership behaviors. The second obtained demographic variables and the participants' perceptions of the skills they learned in each of the five transformational leadership dimensions.FindingsThe results indicate that the leadership curriculum taught the participants how to be transformational leaders by using technology. The participants also use technology in a way that is significantly different from other teachers in Florida. Moreover, it is important to teach practical applications for integrating technology.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was limited to a cohort of 30 pre‐service school library media specialists from six Florida counties.Social implicationsHowever, there are several practical implications. First, school library training programs can help change the perceptions of school librarians by teaching them to lead through technology integration. Next, school districts should support technology integration by developing infrastructures to support their success. Finally, project‐based experiences with feedback provide the best opportunities for teaching educators how to implement technology.Originality/valueThe results provide evidence that it is possible for degree programs to train school librarians to excel as technology integration leaders. Placing emphasis on this role can help change the perceptions of school librarians. These outcomes strengthen current knowledge of the technology integration role of school librarians.