bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical dietary management of protein energy malnutrition in young children with cow’s milk protein allergy
Authors: Meyer Rosan , Venter Carina , Fox Adam T. , Shah Neil 
Published: March 2012

To cite this article: Meyer R, Venter C, Fox AT, Shah N. Practical dietary management of protein energy malnutrition in young children with cow’s milk protein allergy. Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2012: 23: 307–314.AbstractCow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) affects between 1.9 and 4.9% of infants and young children. This food allergy requires the complete elimination of cow’s milk and its derivatives, impacting on nutritional status. The risk of having protein energy malnutrition (PEM) in children with CMPA has been well documented. In 2007, the World Health Organisation published guidelines on the dietary management of PEM, which has impacted on the recommendations and composition on specialist feeds for many chronic diseases, but not on CMPA. The main change in management of the child with PEM is the protein energy ratio and energy requirements. The ideal protein energy ratio lies between 8.9 and 11.5%, which would ensure a deposition of about 70% lean and 30% fat mass. In addition, for optimal catch‐up growth between 5 and 10 g/kg/day, energy requirements should be between 105 and 126 kcal/kg/day. Although most current hypoallergenic formulas fall well within the recommendation for protein, there is a problem in achieving energy requirements. As a result, modular additions are often made, disturbing the protein energy ratio or feeds are concentrated, which impacts on osmolality. We therefore aimed to review current guidelines on PEM and how these can be applied in the management of the malnourished child with CMPA.
The effect of cigarette smoking on allergic conditions in Maltese children (ISAAC)
Authors: Montefort Stephen , Ellul Pierre , Montefort Maxine , Caruana Simone , Grech Victor , Agius Muscat Hugo 
Published: March 2012

To cite this article: Montefort S, Ellul P, Montefort M, Caruana S, Grech V, Agius Muscat H. The effect of cigarette smoking on allergic conditions in Maltese children (ISAAC). Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2012: 23: 472–478.AbstractMaltese children are frequently exposed to tobacco smoke through passive and personal smoking. In the Phase 3 ISAAC study questionnaire, we enquired about passive smoking to the parents of 3816 (80% response rate) 5‐ to 8‐yr‐old children and about passive and personal smoking to 4139 (90% response rate) 13‐ to 15‐yr‐old participating children. Thirty‐one percent of 5‐ to 8‐yr olds were passive smokers with their father more likely to be the smoker (p < 0.0001). Maternal smoking in the first year of the child’s life resulted in the children having an increased chance of wheezing ‘ever’ (p < 0.001), exercise‐induced wheezing (p < 0.05) and being diagnosed with asthma (p < 0.0001). Current smoking by the mother also led to the child having current rhinitis (p < 0.001). Fifty‐one percent of 13‐ to 15‐yr olds were passive smokers again with the father more likely to be the smoker (p < 0.0001). Maternal (p < 0.0001) and paternal smoking (p < 0.05) resulted in the children having an increased chance of wheezing sometime in their life, exercise‐induced wheezing, nocturnal cough, and being diagnosed with asthma. Current smoking by the mother was more common in children having current rhinitis (p < 0.05), while current smoking by both mother and/or father led to itchy/watery eyes accompanying rhinitis (p < 0.05). Recurrent itchy rashes were also more likely in passive smokers (p < 0.001). Personal smoking by the 13‐ to 15‐yr olds (8.15% boys vs. 8.8% girls ns ) resulted in a higher cumulative prevalence of wheezing (p < 0.0001), rhinitis (p < 0.05), and recurrent itchy rash (p < 0.001) but only affected current prevalence of wheezing (p < 0.0001). These smokers were more likely to experience exercise‐induced wheezing (p < 0.0001), nocturnal cough (p < 0.0001), and being diagnosed with asthma (p < 0.05) and eczema (p < 0.001). Children smoking more than 10 cigarettes/day persisted with wheezing (p = 0.04) had more frequent episodes of exercise‐induced wheeze (p = 0.04), nocturnal cough (p < 0.0001), and rhinoconjunctivitis (p = 0.02) than milder smokers. Smoking seems to be affecting childhood allergies in Maltese children quite significantly.
The 2002–2007 trends of prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in Irish schoolchildren
Authors: Duggan Eileen M. , Sturley Jennifer , Fitzgerald Anthony P. , Perry Ivan J. , Hourihane Jonathan O’B. 
Published: March 2012

To cite this article: Duggan EM, Sturley J, Fitzgerald AP, Perry IJ, Hourihane JO’B. The 2002–2007 trends of prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in Irish schoolchildren. Pediatr Allergy Immunology 2012: 23: 464–471.AbstractBackground:  Irish adolescents have the third highest asthma prevalence in the world. Few data examine trends of prevalence of asthma and allergic disorders in younger Irish children. We compared the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in school children, aged 6–9 in 2002 and 2007.Methods:  In two cross‐sectional studies, parents of children aged 6–9, completed identical ISAAC‐based questionnaires in the same 24 Cork City schools in 2002 (n = 1474, response rate = 74.8%) and in 2007 (n = 1535, response rate = 76.2%).Results:  The prevalence of asthma in our study population of schoolchildren, aged 6–9 remained stable in 2007 (23.5%) since the 2002 finding of 21.7% (p = 0.27). Significant increases were found in the prevalence of rhino‐conjunctivitis (7.6–10.6%, p = 0.005) and eczema (8.9–13.5%, p < 0.001). In 2007, male preponderance for suffering the symptoms of current asthma existed (M:F 1.2:1, p = 0.075), although it had lost its significance since 2002 (M:F 1.5:1, p < 0.001). M:F ratio for most allergic rhinitis related symptoms moved from equal sex distribution to male predominance (nasal problems ever: 2002 – M:F, 1.1:1, p = 0.117; 2007 – M:F, 1.2:1, p = 0.012, current rhinitis: 2002 – M:F 1.2:1, p = 0.98; 2007 M:F 1.3:1, p = 0.009, hay fever ever: 2002 – M:F 1:1, p = 0.57; 2007 – M:F 1.5:1, p = 0.007). The sex‐specific prevalence of rhino‐conjunctivitis and the severity of symptoms suffered, remained equally sex distributed in both timeframes. From 2002 to 2007, the prevalence of all the reported symptoms of eczema were equally distributed between the sexes, while lifetime prevalence of eczema moved from male predominance to equal distribution.Conclusion:  The prevalence of asthma in 6–9 yr old Cork schoolchildren remained static between 2002 and 2007; however, rhino‐conjunctivitis and eczema have become increasingly prevalent. Co‐morbidity of allergic conditions continues to pose a considerable health burden in this young population. We also demonstrated an alteration in the sex‐specific profile of current asthma and lifetime allergic rhinitis towards equalization in distribution.
Effect of endotoxin and allergens on neonatal lung function and infancy respiratory symptoms and eczema
Authors: Abbing‐Karahagopian Victoria , van der Gugten Anne C. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Uiterwaal Cuno , de Jongh Madelon , Oldenwening Marieke , Brunekreef Bert , Gehring Ulrike 
Published: March 2012

To cite this article: Abbing‐Karahagopian V, van der Gugten AC, van der Ent CK, Uiterwaal C, de Jongh M, Oldenwening M, Brunekreef B, Gehring U. Effect of endotoxin and allergens on neonatal lung function and infancy respiratory symptoms and eczema. Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2012: 23: 448–455.AbstractBackground:  Exposure to endotoxin and allergens in house dust has been found to be associated with childhood wheeze and asthma. Neonatal lung function is rarely examined in relation to this exposure.Objectives:  To assess the association between exposure to endotoxin, house dust mite and cat allergens and neonatal lung function, and respiratory symptoms and eczema in infancy.Methods:  In the Wheezing Illnesses Study Leidsche Rijn (WHISTLER) birth cohort study, levels of endotoxin, house dust mite allergens, and cat allergen have been measured in dust samples collected in the child’s home. Lung function was measured before age 2 months, and respiratory symptoms and eczema were recorded in a daily diary during the first year of life. Associations of lung function (N = 302), respiratory symptoms (N = 361), and eczema (N = 342) with endotoxin and allergen levels have been studied by means of linear and logistic regression, respectively.Results:  Mattress dust endotoxin was associated with a significant increase in neonatal respiratory compliance [adjusted mean difference (95% confidence interval) 2.31 (0.33; 4.29) ml/kPa per interquartile range increase in exposure] and a non‐significant decrease in neonatal airway resistance [0.32 (−0.77; 0.14) kPa/l/s]. There were no associations between allergen exposure and neonatal lung function and respiratory symptoms.Conclusions:  Environmental exposure to endotoxin may have an important role in the development of lung function.
Behavioral functioning and treatment adherence in pediatric eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Hommel Kevin A. , Franciosi James P. , Gray Wendy N. , Hente Elizabeth A. , Ahrens Annette , Rothenberg Marc E. 
Published: March 2012

To cite this article: Hommel KA, Franciosi JP, Gray WN, Hente EA, Ahrens A, Rothenberg ME. Behavioral functioning and treatment adherence in pediatric eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012: 23: 494–499.AbstractObjective:  To examine behavioral predictors of treatment adherence in patients with eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGID).Methods:  Participants were 96 patients 2.5–18 yr of age with eosinophilic esophagitis or eosinophilic gastroenteritis and their caregivers (mother, father). We assessed maternal and paternal report of child/adolescent internalizing symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression) and externalizing symptoms (e.g., aggression, anger) using the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd edition (BASC‐2). A multi‐informant adherence assessment approach and an 80% cut point were used to classify patients as adherent or non‐adherent.Results:  Sociodemographic predictors did not distinguish between adherent and non‐adherent patients. Maternal report of internalizing symptoms significantly correlated with non‐adherence (p < 0.001). Post hoc probing revealed a significant contribution of depression, with depressed patients being more likely (OR = 7.27; p < 0.05) to be non‐adherent than non‐depressed patients. Paternal report of internalizing and externalizing symptoms was not associated with non‐adherence.Conclusions:  Maternal report of patient internalizing behavioral symptoms, particularly depression, is significantly associated with non‐adherence in patients with EGID. These symptoms are potential risk factors and should be considered when assessing and treating non‐adherence. Clinical care of patients with EGID should include routine screening for depression.
Diel Cycles in Chemosensory Behaviors of Free‐Ranging Rattlesnakes Lying in Wait for Prey
Authors: Barbour Matthew A. , Clark Rulon W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe sensory ecology of foragers is fundamentally influenced by changes in environmental conditions such as ambient light. Changes in ambient light may hinder the effectiveness of particular senses (e.g., impaired vision at night), but many predators rely on multiple sensory systems and may continue to forage despite changes in light availability. Exactly how predator behaviors and sensory systems compensate under changes in light availability in the field is not well understood. We used radio telemetry and portable video surveillance cameras to quantify the sit‐and‐wait chemosensory foraging behavior of free‐ranging red diamond (Crotalus ruber) and northern Pacific (Crotalus oreganus oreganus) rattlesnakes during day and night periods. The two most common behaviors we observed were chemosensory probes, a behavior we describe in detail for the first time, and mouth gapes. During chemosensory probes, rattlesnakes extend their head beyond their coil, explore the surrounding area while tongue‐flicking, and subsequently return to a stationary position inside their coil. Foraging rattlesnakes probed at significantly higher rates during nocturnal vs. diurnal hours. Similarly, mouth gaping occurred during a higher percentage of nocturnal vs. diurnal hours for foraging snakes. Nearly half of all mouth gapes were followed immediately with a chemosensory probe, suggesting that mouth gaping also serves a chemosensory function in this context. Our results suggest that chemical cues play an increasingly important role in mediating rattlesnake foraging behavior at night. Examining how abiotic factors, such as light availability, influence the sensory ecology of free‐ranging predators is essential for accurately characterizing their interactions with prey.
Development of a high resolution melting (HRM) marker linked to genic male sterility inCapsicum annuum L.
Authors: Lee Heung‐Ryul , An Hye Jung , Yang Dong Cheol , Choi Soon Ho , Kim Hyoun‐Joung , Rhee Han Gheol , Harn Chee Hark 
Published: March 2012

With 4 figures and 1 tableAbstractThe characteristics of male sterility (MS) are used in breeding programmes to achieve economical seed production. Male sterility is divided into genic male sterility (GMS) and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), which are used to breed commercial pepper varieties. The CMS system, however, is not feasible in some pepper varieties, including bell peppers, because of the absence of a restorer source. GMS is thus important for seed production in bell peppers. In this study, a GMS‐linked marker from bell peppers was developed using the bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method using F2and sibling individuals. We used 1024 AFLP primer sets and found a polymorphism fromEcoRI ACG/MseI GTT among the siblings. An internal sequence‐based primer was designed from the 395 bp sequence for high‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis, and the marker score of 87 of 92 F2individuals corresponded to their phenotypes. The marker was mapped on chromosome 5 on the AC99 map.
Co‐existence of hereditary coproporphyria and porphyria cutanea tarda: The importance of genetic testing
Authors: Rudd Alice , Grant Janine , Varigos George , Morgan Vanessa , Winship Ingrid 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe porphyrias are a group of inherited disorders that result in defects in the enzymes of the haem biosynthetic pathway, causing photosensitive bullous skin eruptions or abdominal and neurological attacks. Enzymatic defects result in specific porphyrin excretory patterns that are diagnosed biochemically and can be confirmed by genetic testing. Defects in the coproporphyrinogen oxidase (CPOX) enzyme result in the autosomal dominant hereditary coproporphyria. Multiple mutations have been identified in the CPOX gene and incomplete penetrance is noted. Latent carriers without clinical evidence of disease are at risk of life‐threatening attacks. Porphyria cutanea tarda may be inherited, but is more commonly acquired. Occasionally two forms of porphyria may co‐exist. The importance of genetic testing is discussed.
‘Making evidence count’: A framework to monitor the impact of health services research
Authors: Buykx Penny , Humphreys John , Wakerman John , Perkins David , Lyle David , McGrail Matthew , Kinsman Leigh 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectives:  The objective of this study is to develop a framework to measure the impact of primary health care research, describe how it could be used and propose a method for its validation.Design:  Literature review and critical appraisal of existing models of research impact, and integration of three into a comprehensive impact framework.Setting:  Centre of Research Excellence focusing on access to primary health care services in Australia.Participants:  Not applicable.Interventions:  Not applicable.Main outcome measure:  The Health Services Research Impact Framework, integrating the strengths of three existing models of research impact.Conclusion:  In order to ensure relevance to policy and practice and to provide accountability for funding, it is essential that the impact of health services research is measured and monitored over time. Our framework draws upon previously published literature regarding specific measures of research impact. We organise this information according to the main area of impact (i.e. research related, policy, service and societal) and whether the impact originated with the researcher (i.e. producer push) or the end‐user (i.e. user pull). We propose to test the utility of the framework by recording and monitoring the impact of our own research and that of other groups of primary health care researchers.
Nature or nurture: The effect of undergraduate rural clinical rotations on pre‐existent rural career choice likelihood as measured by the SOMERS Index
Authors: Somers George T. , Spencer Ryan J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective:  Do undergraduate rural clinical rotations increase the likelihood of medical students to choose a rural career once pre‐existent likelihood is accounted for?Design:  A prospective, controlled quasi‐experiment using self‐paired scores on the SOMERS Index of rural career choice likelihood, before and after 3 years of clinical rotations in either mainly rural or mainly urban locations.Setting:  Monash University medical school, Australia.Participants:  Fifty‐eight undergraduate‐entry medical students (35% of the 2002 entry class).Main outcome measures:  The SOMERS Index of rural career choice likelihood and its component indicators.Results:  There was an overall decline in SOMERS Index score (22%) and in each of its components (12–41%). Graduating students who attended rural rotations were more likely to choose a rural career on graduation (difference in SOMERS score: 24.1 (95% CI, 15.0–33.3) P < 0.0001); however, at entry, students choosing rural rotations had an even greater SOMERS score (difference: 27.1 (95% CI, 18.2–36.1) P < 0.0001). Self‐paired pre–post reductions in likelihood were not affected by attending mainly rural or urban rotations, nor were there differences based on rural background alone or sex.Conclusions:  While rural rotations are an important component of undergraduate medical training, it is the nature of the students choosing to study in rural locations rather than experiences during the course that is the greater influence on rural career choice. In order to improve the rural medical workforce crisis, medical schools should attract more students with pre‐existent likelihood to choose a rural career. The SOMERS Index was found to be a useful tool for this quantitative analysis.
Potential of pharmacists to help reduce the burden of poorly managed cardiovascular risk
Authors: Namara Kevin P. Mc , Dunbar James A. , Philpot Benjamin , Marriott Jennifer L. , Reddy Prasuna , Janus Edward D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroduction:  Rural areas require better use of existing health professionals to ensure capacity to deliver improved cardiovascular outcomes. Community pharmacists (CPs) are accessible to most communities and can potentially undertake expanded roles in prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD).Objective:  This study aims to establish frequency of contact with general practitioners (GPs) and CPs by patients at high risk of CVD or with inadequately controlled CVD risk factors.Design, setting and participants:  Population survey using randomly selected individuals from the Wimmera region electoral roll and incorporating a physical health check and self‐administered health questionnaire. Overall, 1500 were invited to participate.Results:  The participation rate was 51% when ineligible individuals were excluded. Nine out of 10 participants visited one or both types of practitioner in the previous 12 months. Substantially more participants visited GPs compared with CPs (88.5% versus 66.8%). With the exception of excess alcohol intake, the median number of opportunities to intervene for every inadequately controlled CVD risk factor and among high risk patient groups at least doubled for the professions combined when compared with GP visits alone.Conclusion:  Opportunities exist to intervene more frequently with target groups by engaging CPs more effectively but would require a significant attitude shift towards CPs. Mechanisms for greater pharmacist integration into primary care teams should be investigated.
Factors that affect self‐care behaviour of female high school students with dysmenorrhoea: A cluster sampling study
Authors: Chang Shu‐Fang , Chuang Mei‐hua 
Published: March 2012

Chang S‐F, Chuang M. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2012; 18: 117–124Factors that affect self‐care behaviour of female high school students with dysmenorrhoea: A cluster sampling studyThe purpose of this study was to identify factors that affect the self‐care behaviour of female high school students with dysmenorrhoea. This cross‐sectional study utilized a questionnaire‐based survey to understand the self‐care behaviour of female high school students dysmenorrhoeal, along with the factors that affect this behaviour. A cluster random sampling method was adopted and questionnaires were used for data collection. Study participants experienced a moderate level of discomfort from dysmenorrhoea, and perceived dysmenorrhoea as serious. This investigation finds that cues to action raised perceived susceptibility to dysmenorrhoea and the perceived effectiveness of self‐care behaviour and, therefore, increased the adoption of self‐care behaviour. Hence, school nurses should offer female high school students numerous resources to apply correct self‐care behaviour.
A Turkish study on menarche and menstrual experiences and their effects on attitudes towards menopause
Authors: Erbil Nülüfer , Boyacı Serap , Kurt İpek , Akdoğan Yasemin , Kaya İlknur 
Published: March 2012

Erbil N, Boyacı S, Kurt İ, Akdoğan Y, Kaya İ. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2012; 18: 107–116A Turkish study on menarche and menstrual experiences and their effects on attitudes towards menopauseThe purpose of this study was to investigate women's menarche and menstrual experiences and their effects on attitudes towards menopause. This research was planned as cross‐sectional. A total of 300 women who had applied for a physical examination at the Maternity and Gynecology and Children's Hospital of Ordu province of Turkey were recruited for the study using the convenience sampling method. The study was conducted between 16 April and 28 May 2008. The research data were gathered using the Menopause Attitude Scale and a questionnaire. The average score for women on the Menopause Attitude Scale was 37.85 ± 10.34. Significant differences were found between attitudes of women towards menopause and the information they had received before menarche about menstruation (P = 0.024), the meaning of menstruation (P = 0.014), the interval time between menstrual periods (P = 0.017), problems experienced before menstruation (P = 0.035) and the desire of some women to continue menstruating and delay menopause (P = 0.005). Results of this study showed that more than half of the women had negative attitudes towards menopause. In order to help girls and women develop positive attitudes about menarche, menstruation and menopause, they need to have access to information during all phases of these important physical changes.