bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gendered interactions in corporate annual report photographs
Authors: Bujaki Merridee L. , McConomy Bruce J. 
Published: February 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the gendered nature of interactions in mixed sex Canadian corporate annual report (CAR) photographs.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative content analysis of 106 CAR photographs is performed to evaluate, at the level of the photograph, how women and men interact in mixed sex photographs to reveal their relative prominence, power and status.FindingsWomen in CAR photographs overall are under‐represented. In mixed sex photographs, however, the relative proportions of women and men approximate those of women in the Canadian workforce, but men are more prominent in most photographs. Mixed sex photographs are relatively similar in composition (depicting largely passive, smiling subjects, few of whom are talking or in positions of authority). Where there are differences in mixed sex photographs, however, women are portrayed as less powerful than the men in the photographs. Supplemental testing suggests that the findings are persisting over time.Originality/valueThis paper looks at gendered interactions in CAR photos in a Canadian context. It takes the photograph, rather than individual subjects in the photo, as the level of analysis. This research clearly situates the inclusion of photographs in CARs in the voluntary disclosure literature and explores the implications for management and readers of CARs.
Online social networking: redefining the human web
Authors: Kasavana Michael L. , Nusair Khaldoon , Teodosic Katherine 
Published: February 2010

PurposeAlthough the inplementation of online social networking (OSN) within the hospitality industry is relatively new, its parameters possess unique implications for hospitality industry constituencies including guests, staff members, and management. The purpose of this paper is to examine the evolution, scope and types of online social networks and potential implications for hospitality businesses.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on an in‐depth review of literature, including intended and unintended consequences of social media.FindingsWhile social networking can assist a hospitality firm in strengthening guest loyalty and satisfaction, it may also expose itself to unfair criticism and unfounded speculation. In addition, some hospitality firms have sponsored coworker sites in an attempt to incentivize interactivity by encouraging peer‐to‐peer and staff‐to‐administrator participation, only to risk exposure of negative relationships and strained working conditions.Research limitations/implicationsThe literature related to hospitality OSNs is relatively sparse and thus this paper is intended to provide a basis for future investigation.Originality/valueThe literature related to hospitality OSNs is relatively sparse and thus this paper is intended to provide a basis for future investigation.
An integrative review of the built environment discipline's role in the development of society's resilience to disasters
Authors: Haigh Richard , Amaratunga Dilanthi 
Published: February 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an integrative review of the literature to explore the nature of the built environment discipline's potential role in the development of society's resilience to disasters.Design/methodology/approachThe integrative literature review method is used to address this emerging topic and present a holistic conceptualisation of the literature. For the purpose of this review, the Business Source Premier (EBSCO), Emerald Management eJournals, Management & Organization Studies (CSA) and Science Direct (Elsevier) electronic databases are the main source for identifying studies, along with conference proceedings from the events of major built environment and disaster‐related networks.FindingsA review of the literature reveals that the built environment “discipline”, at each stage of the disaster management process, has invaluable expertise and a key role to play in the development of society's resilience to disasters. However, the collaborative definition of the built environment hides many of its underlying properties, which are multi‐disciplinary in nature. It is important that a suitable conceptual framework is developed that explores the interaction between the built environment, its disciplines, and the disaster management process.Originality/valueAt present, research on disasters and the built environment is sporadic, hindered by an ill‐defined disciplinary base. When searching for emergent theory, a conceptual framework is important for situating further study in the relevant knowledge bases that lay the foundation for the development of a theoretical base for the field.
Addressing vulnerability through an integrated approach
Authors: McEntire David , Gilmore Crocker MPH Colleen , Peters Ekong 
Published: February 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review current theoretical approaches in disaster studies and put forward a model of vulnerability that incorporates physical science, engineering, and social science research.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive model of vulnerability is proposed, which includes both liabilities and capabilities from the physical and social environments. The model is related to risk, susceptibility, resistance, and resilience to vulnerability and disasters.FindingsThis review assesses current concepts as guides for disaster management and suggests that a more complete view of vulnerability is more apt to generate inclusive and integrated disaster policies.Research limitations/implicationsSince this model is relatively new, its applicability needs to be examined further in terms of the phases of disasters and the many stakeholders involved in emergency management.Practical implicationsThe holistic model of vulnerability in this paper may help emergency managers better understand disasters and devise relevant policies to counter them. The paper underscores the importance of broad and integrated methods for dealing with socially constructed disasters. It is related to environmental, infrastructure, economic, political, cultural, and other variables.Originality/valueThis paper is unique in that it presents four viewpoints of vulnerability and because it applies the proposed model to many different types of disasters.
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: two distinct ENG deletions in one family
Authors: Wooderchak W , Gedge F , McDonald M , Krautscheid P , Wang X , Malkiewicz J , Bukjiok CJ , Lewis T , Bayrak‐Toydemir P 
Published: February 2010

Wooderchak W, Gedge F, McDonald M, Krautscheid P, Wang X, Malkiewicz J, Bukjiok CJ, Lewis T, Bayrak‐Toydemir P. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: two distinct ENG deletions in one family.Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by aberrant vascular development. Mutations in endoglin (ENG) or activin A receptor type II‐like 1 (ACVRL1) account for around 90% of HHT patients, 10% of those are large deletions or duplications. We report here the first observation of two distinct, large ENG deletions segregating in one pedigree. An ENG exon 4–7 deletion was observed in a patient with HHT. This deletion was identified in several affected family members. However, some affected family members had an ENG exon 3 deletion instead. These deletions were detected by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification and confirmed by mRNA sequencing and an oligo‐CGH array. Linkage analysis revealed that one individual with the exon 3 deletion inherited the same chromosome from his mother who has the exon 4–7 deletion. This finding has important clinical implications because it shows that targeted family‐specific mutation analysis for exon deletions could have led to the misdiagnosis of some affected family members.
Bluegill Coloration as a Sexual Ornament: Evidence From Ontogeny, Sexual Dichromatism, and Condition Dependence
Authors: Cogliati Karen M. , Corkum Lynda D. , Doucet Stéphanie M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn aquatic environments, visual communication is expected in animals that inhabit clear, shallow waters. Here, we investigate variation in the colorful traits of bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus, to elucidate their possible function. Bluegills use alternative mating tactics whereby males develop into one of two irreversible phenotypes termed parental and cuckolder. Parentals build and defend nests and care for offspring whereas cuckolders obtain matings by sneaking copulations. We hypothesized that bluegill coloration might function as a sexual ornament in parental males and that ornamental coloration might serve as an honest indicator of male quality. We predicted that coloration should be more pronounced in parental males than in females and immature males and should be more pronounced during the breeding season. We also predicted that males in better condition should be more intensely colored than fish in poor condition. To test our predictions, we sampled 510 bluegills during the breeding and post‐breeding seasons at nine lakes in southern Ontario, Canada, in 2007. We used reflectance spectrometry to quantify the coloration of five body regions, aged and sexed each fish, and calculated Fulton’s condition factor from morphological measurements. A separate experiment showed that color did not fade several minutes post capture, suggesting that coloration could be measured reliably and consistently. We found that color was influenced by maturity, sex, and season, in the predicted direction, for three body regions (breast, cheek, and opercular flap). We also found that color varied with the condition of males such that males in better condition were darker for the sexually dichromatic ventral and facial regions. Our findings therefore suggest that some colorful traits in bluegills may serve as condition‐dependent sexual signals during the breeding season. Our research contributes to a growing appreciation of the importance of visual signaling in aquatic environments.
FLOODING STRESS: The Effects of Planting Pattern and Water Regime on Root Morphology, Physiology and Grain Yield of Rice
Authors: Mishra A. , Salokhe V. M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractField experiments were conducted over two growing seasons to investigate the effects of variations in water regime and planting pattern on the growth of rice plant roots and shoots and on yield. Four water regimes were evaluated with split plot design: intermittent flooding during the vegetative stage only (IF‐V); intermittent flooding extending into the reproductive stage (IF‐R); not flooded (NF); and continuously flooded (CF), interacting with three different planting patterns: single seedling per hill with wider 30 × 30 cm spacing (P1); single seedling per hill with closer 20 × 20 cm spacing (P2); and three to four seedlings per hill with 20 × 20 cm spacing (P3). The treatment combination CF/P3 corresponds most closely with current conventional practice. The other combinations were evaluated to contribute to a better understanding of the effects of the two parameters studied, respectively and together. IF‐V/P1 was considered as an approximation of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) practice. This study found that the combination of singly transplanted seedlings, both P1 and P2, with the IF‐V water regime improved root length density, root physiological activity, and chlorophyll content of the upper and lower leaves, leading to higher grain yield compared with the other treatment combinations. With continuous flooding (CF), P2 gave 23 % more yield compared with the P3 planting pattern. Combining IF‐V and P2 produced 32 % more grain yield compared with the CF/P3 treatment. These results showed a synergistic effect on grain yield from reduced intra‐hill competition and IF‐V water management. In these trials, there was no significant yield difference between the IF‐V/P1 and CF/P3 treatments. Wider spacing improved the performance of individual hills when grown under IF‐V water regimes, but tiller number per unit area remained a dominant determinant of yield. The yield reduction observed for CF/P1 compared with CF/P3 indicated that in more hypoxic CF soils, denser plant populations can produce more than sparser ones, whereas the latter benefit from more aerobic soil conditions. Intermittent irrigation during the vegetative growth stage and transplanting single seedlings/hill are major elements of SRI methodology. These findings contribute to an understanding of why SRI methods can produce the higher yields reported. A consideration of the effects of interaction between planting pattern and water regime shows the need to establish empirically the optimum values for these treatments according to varietal, soil and climatic characteristics for the greatest yield response.
Being different: A phenomenological exploration of a group of veteran psychiatric nurses
Authors: Humble Felicity , Cross Wendy 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTConcern regarding the low numbers of graduate nurses expressing interest in entering the psychiatric field leads to the question: who would be a psychiatric nurse? In this interpretative, phenomenological study, the lived experiences of seven veteran psychiatric nurses were examined in order to gain understanding of the reasons why they had remained in the field of psychiatric nursing. Each of these participants had more than 10 years' clinical practice in psychiatric nursing and shared a wide range of thoughts, memories, and experiences. The major emergent theme, ‘being different’, revealed what it is like for the participants being psychiatric nurses. These participants felt and saw themselves as different in many ways from other nurses and from society in general. Related to and an aspect of that difference was the high level of satisfaction they achieved from their role and the striving to achieve harmony.
Age‐related changes in metabolic profiles of rat hippocampus and cortices
Authors: Paban Véronique , Fauvelle Florence , Alescio‐Lautier Béatrice 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe time course of metabolic changes was investigated in the hippocampus and the parietal, rhinal and frontal cortices of rats from 4 to 30 months old. Samples were analysed by the solid‐state high‐resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance method. Quantification was performed with thequestprocedure of jmruisoftware. Eighteen metabolites were identified and separated in the spectrum. Six of them were not age sensitive, in particular alanine, glutamine and lactate. In contrast, choline, glycerophosphocholine,myo‐inositol,N‐acetylaspartate,scyllo‐inositol (s‐Ins) and taurine (Tau) were notably altered over aging. Interestingly, each age group showed a specific metabolic profile. The concentration of metabolites such as Tau was altered in middle‐aged rats only, whereas the s‐Ins level decreased in old rats only. Most metabolites showed progressive alteration during the process of aging, which was initiated during the middle‐aged period (18 months). Taken together, these results suggest that cell membrane integrity is perturbed with age. Each brain region investigated had distinctive qualitative and/or quantitative metabolic age‐related features. These age‐related changes would affect network connectivities and then cognitive functions.
LINGO‐1 negatively regulates TrkB phosphorylation after ocular hypertension
Authors: Fu Qing‐Ling , Hu Bing , Li Xin , Shao Zhaohui , Shi Jian‐Bo , Wu Wutian , So Kwok‐Fai , Mi Sha 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe antagonism of LINGO‐1, a CNS‐specific negative regulator of neuronal survival, was shown to promote short‐term survival of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) in an ocular hypertension model. LINGO‐1 antagonists, combined with brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), can increase the length of neuron survival through an unclear molecular mechanism. To determine the relationship between LINGO‐1 and BDNF/TrkB receptor in neuronal protection, we show here that LINGO‐1 forms a receptor complex with TrkB and negatively regulates its activation in the retina after ocular hypertension injury. LINGO‐1 antagonist antibody 1A7 or soluble LINGO‐1 (LINGO‐1‐Fc) treatment upregulates phospho‐TrkB phosphorylation and leads to RGC survival after high intraocular pressure injury. This neuronal protective effect was blocked by anti‐BDNF antibody. LINGO‐1 antagonism therefore promotes RGC survival by regulating the BDNF and TrkB signaling pathway after ocular hypertension.
Biochemical and functional properties of distinct nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the superior cervical ganglion of mice with targeted deletions of nAChR subunit genes
Authors: David Reinhard , Ciuraszkiewicz Anna , Simeone Xenia , Orr‐Urtreger Avi , Papke Roger L. , McIntosh J. M. , Huck Sigismund , Scholze Petra 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediate fast synaptic transmission in ganglia of the autonomic nervous system. Here, we determined the subunit composition of hetero‐pentameric nAChRs in the mouse superior cervical ganglion (SCG), the function of distinct receptors (obtained by deletions of nAChR subunit genes) and mechanisms at the level of nAChRs that might compensate for the loss of subunits. As shown by immunoprecipitation and Western blots, wild‐type (WT) mice expressed: α3β4 (55%), α3β4α5 (24%) and α3β4β2 (21%) nAChRs. nAChRs in β4 knockout (KO) mice were reduced to < 15% of controls and no longer contained the α5 subunit. Compound action potentials, recorded from the postganglionic (internal carotid) nerve and induced by preganglionic nerve stimulation, did not differ between α5β4 KO and WT mice, suggesting that the reduced number of receptors in the KO mice did not impair transganglionic transmission. Deletions of α5 or β2 did not affect the overall number of receptors and we found no evidence that the two subunits substitute for each other. In addition, dual KOs allowed us to study the functional properties of distinct α3β4 and α3β2 receptors that have previously only been investigated in heterologous expression systems. The two receptors strikingly differed in the decay of macroscopic currents, the efficacy of cytisine, and their responses to the α‐conotoxins AuIB and MII. Our data, based on biochemical and functional experiments and several mouse KO models, clarify and significantly extend previous observations on the function of nAChRs in heterologous systems and the SCG.
A dose range finding study of novel oral insulin (IN‐105) under fed conditions in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects
Authors: Khedkar A. , Iyer H. , Anand A. , Verma M. , Krishnamurthy S. , Savale S. , Atignal A. 
Published: February 2010

Aim: The objective of the study was to establish the dose response of IN‐105 tablets and explore a possible therapeutic window in type 2 diabetes subjects poorly controlled on metformin. Methods: The primary objective was to examine the effect of sequential single ascending doses of IN‐105 on the plasma glucose concentration under fed conditions. All subjects received, sequentially, matching placebo, 10, 15, 20 and 30 mg IN‐105 tablets in five consecutive periods. Tablets were administered 20 min prior to meal in all the periods. Plasma levels of immunoreactive insulin, C‐peptide and glucose were measured up to 180 min from the time of dosing. The changes in postprandial glucose levels at 120 min in response to IN‐105 administration were also compared against those of placebo. Results: Changes in glucose from baseline (mean ± s.d.) at 140 min (2 h postprandial) were 94.84 ± 22.3, 79.45 ± 43.00, 70.68 ± 35.71, 63.47 ± 42.75 and 53.06 ± 47.27 mg/dL, respectively, and exhibited linear dose–response. The insulin Cmax values were found to be 50.8 ± 26.0 mU/L for placebo, 100.3 ± 66.7 with 10 mg IN‐105, 177.69 ± 150.3 with 15 mg IN‐105, 246.2 ± 245.2 with 20 mg IN‐105 and 352.5 ± 279.3 mU/L with 30 mg of IN‐105. Conclusions: IN‐105 absorption is proportional to the dose administered. The 2‐h postprandial glucose excursion was reduced in a dose proportional manner. Circulating C‐peptide levels were found to be suppressed in proportion to the IN‐105 exposure. IN‐105 reduces glucose excursion despite lower endogenous insulin secretion. IN‐105 seems to have a wide therapeutic window as no clinical hypoglycaemia was observed at any of the doses studied.
Viral meningoencephalitis: a review of diagnostic methods and guidelines for management
Authors: Steiner I. , Budka H. , Chaudhuri A. , Koskiniemi M. , Sainio K. , Salonen O. , Kennedy P. G. E 
Published: March 2010

Background:  Viral encephalitis is a medical emergency. The prognosis depends mainly on the pathogen and host immunologic state. Correct immediate diagnosis and introduction of symptomatic and specific therapy has a dramatic influence upon survival and reduces the extent of permanent brain injury.Methods:  We searched the literature from 1966 to 2009. Recommendations were reached by consensus. Where there was lack of evidence but consensus was clear, we have stated our opinion as good practice points.Recommendations:  Diagnosis should be based on medical history and examination followed by CSF analysis for protein and glucose levels, cellular analysis, and identification of the pathogen by polymerase chain reaction amplification (recommendation level A) and serology (level B). Neuroimaging, preferably by MRI, is essential (level B). Lumbar puncture can follow neuroimaging when immediately available, but if this cannot be performed immediately, LP should be delayed only under unusual circumstances. Brain biopsy should be reserved only for unusual and diagnostically difficult cases. Patients must be hospitalized with easy access to intensive care units. Specific, evidence‐based, antiviral therapy, acyclovir, is available for herpes encephalitis (level A) and may also be effective for varicella‐zoster virus encephalitis. Ganciclovir and foscarnet can be given to treat cytomegalovirus encephalitis, and pleconaril for enterovirus encephalitis (IV class evidence). Corticosteroids as an adjunct treatment for acute viral encephalitis are not generally considered to be effective, and their use is controversial, but this important issue is currently being evaluated in a large clinical trial. Surgical decompression is indicated for impending uncal herniation or increased intracranial pressure refractory to medical management.
The effects of lipid penetration and removal from subsurface microcavities and cracks at the human cuticle sheath
Authors: Gamez‐Garcia M. 
Published: March 2010

J. Cosmet. Sci., 60, 85–95 (March/April 2009)SynopsisAn analysis of the light interference patterns produced by the penetration and removal of lipids from the cuticle sheath has shown that cuticle cells in their virgin state have a few intrinsic imperfections in the form of voids and cracks. The experiments also showed that when the cuticle sheath undergoes friction, extension, torsion, and thermal stresses additional microvoids, cavities, and gaps are created at the cuticle cells subsurface. Because of the activity of the sebaceous glands it is quite normal to find these cavities filled with exogenous lipids. Cuticle sheath dehydration, lipid addition, and lipid removal indicate that the viscoelastic deformations giving rise to microcavities can be reversible or irreversible. The presence of exogenous lipids in these cavities was found to be critical in maintaining the mechanical integrity of the cuticle cells. Regions presenting microcavities and cracks produced by reversible deformations were seen to fully recover and heal with the onset of a plasticization effect produced by the synergy of lipids and water. In contrast, microcavities produced by irreversible deformations were always filled with lipids. In both cases the lipids acted as weak adhesives, in particular, in those cavities and gaps opened in the cuticle cell interfaces.