bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MSQ: a tool for quantification of proteomics data generated by a liquid chromatography/matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry based targeted quantitative proteomics platform
Authors: Oh Jung Hun , Pan Sheng , Zhang Jing , Gao Jean 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS)‐based quantitative proteomics has become a critical component of biological and clinical research for identification of biomarkers that can be used for early detection of diseases. In particular, MS‐based targeted quantitative proteomics has been recently developed for the detection and validation of biomarker candidates in complex biological samples. In such approaches, synthetic reference peptides that are the stable isotope labeled version of proteotypic peptides of proteins to be quantitated are used as internal standards enabling specific identification and absolute quantification of targeted peptides. The quantification of targeted peptides is achieved using the intensity ratio of a native peptide to the corresponding reference peptide whose spike‐in amount is known. However, a manual calculation of the ratios can be time‐consuming and labor‐intensive, especially when the number of peptides to be tested is large. To establish a liquid chromatography/matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MALDI TOF/TOF)‐based targeted quantitative proteomics pipeline, we have developed a software named Mass Spectrometry based Quantification (MSQ). This software can be used to automate the quantification and identification of targeted peptides/proteins by the MALDI TOF/TOF platform. MSQ was applied to the detection of a selected group of targeted peptides in pooled human cerebrospinal spinal fluid (CSF) from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in comparison with age‐matched control (OC). The results for the automated quantification and identification of targeted peptides/proteins in CSF were in good agreement with results calculated manually. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of fragmentation pathways of lithiated α,β‐unsaturated thioesters by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Guo Cheng , Hu Nan , Jiang Kezhi , Chen Weixiang , Wang Xiaoxia , Pan Yuanjiang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe fragmentation pathways of lithiated α,β‐unsaturated thioesters with different substituents were investigated by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) in positive ion mode. In mass spectrometry of the α,β‐unsaturated thioesters, Ar‐CHCH‐CO‐S‐Ph, loss of PhSLi and elimination of a thiophenol were the two major fragmentation reactions of the lithiated molecules. The elemental compositions of all the ions were confirmed by high‐resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance tandem mass spectrometry (FTICR‐MS/MS). The thioesters studied here were para‐monosubstituted on the phenyl ring of cinnamoyl and the electron‐withdrawing groups favored loss of a thiophenol, whereas the electron‐releasing groups strongly favored the competing reaction leading to the loss of PhSLi to form a cinnamoyl cation, Ar‐CHCHCO+. The intensity ratios of the two competitive product ions were well correlated with the σ substituent constants. The mechanisms of these two competing routes were further investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical calculations for mass resolution of a quadrupole ion trap reflectron time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer
Authors: Choi Chang Min , Heo Jiyoung , Park Chang Joon , Kim Nam Joon 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe have developed a theoretical method of predicting the mass resolution for a quadrupole ion trap reflectron time‐of‐flight (QIT‐reTOF) mass spectrometer as a function of the spatial and velocity distributions of ions, voltages applied to the electrodes, and dimensions of the instrument. The flight times of ions were calculated using theoretical equations derived with an assumption of uniform electric fields inside the QIT and with the analytical description of the potential including the monopole, dipole, and quadrupole components. The mass resolution was then estimated from the flight‐time spread of the ions with finite spatial and velocity distributions inside the QIT. The feasibility of the theoretical method was confirmed by the reasonable agreement of the theoretical resolution with the experimental one measured by varying the extraction voltage of the QIT or the deceleration voltage of the reflectron. We found that the theoretical resolution estimated with the assumption of the uniform electric fields inside the QIT reproduced the experimental one better than that with the analytical description of the potential. The possible applications of this theoretical method include the optimization of the experimental parameters of a given QIT‐reTOF mass spectrometer and the design of new instruments with higher mass resolution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomic/molecular depth profiling of nanometric‐metallized polymer thin films by secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Téllez Helena , Vadillo José Miguel , Laserna José Javier 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe capability of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to perform atomic and molecular in‐depth analysis in complex nanometric‐metallized thin polymer films used to manufacture capacitors is demonstrated through three different case studies related to failure analysis. The excellent repeatability and sensitivity of the technique allow us to study the degradation process of the nanometric‐metallized layer in the capacitor films and the accurate location of the metal‐polymer interface. The analysis of the sample is challenging due to the extreme difference in conductivity between layers, and the reduced thickness of the metallization grown on top of a rough polymeric base. However, SIMS has provided reliable and reproducible results with relative standard deviation (RSD) values better than 1.5% in the metallic layer thickness estimation. The detailed information of atomic and molecular ion in‐depth distributions provided by SIMS depth profiling has allowed the identification of different factors (demetallization, generation of interstitial oxide regions, and diffusion processes or modification in the metallization thickness) that can be directly related to the origin of the lack of performance of the mounted devices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TOGBAD—an approach to detect routing attacks in tactical environments
Authors: Gerhards‐Padilla Elmar , Aschenbruck Nils , Martini Peter 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTopology graph based anomaly detection (TOGBAD) is a centralized approach to detect routing attacks in tactical multi‐hop networks. It uses anomaly detection based on topology graphs to identify attackers trying to launch routing attacks. Such attacks are a serious threat to multi‐hop networks since they may be used to disrupt, eavesdrop or manipulate the network. In this work, we present studies on the impact of an attacker launching a routing attack. Furthermore, we show a reasonable choice of attack parameters for the attacker. In our main contribution, we introduce TOGBAD and an evaluation of TOGBAD concerning its detection rate with and without packet loss. Finally, we illustrate TOGBAD's detection rate with an attacker trying to inure TOGBAD's anomaly detection to his attack. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Updating snort with a customized controller to thwart port scanning
Authors: El‐Hajj Wassim , Hajj Hazem , Trabelsi Zouheir , Aloul Fadi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWired and wireless networks are being attacked and hacked on continuous basis. One of the critical pieces of information the attacker needs to know is the open ports on the victim's machine, thus the attacker does what is called port scanning. Port scanning is considered one of the dangerous attacks that intrusion detection tries to detect. Snort, a famous network intrusion detection system (NIDS), detects a port scanning attack by combining and analyzing various traffic parameters. Because these parameters cannot be easily combined using a mathematical formula, fuzzy logic can be used to combine them; fuzzy logic can also reduce the number of false alarms. This paper presents a novel approach, based on fuzzy logic, to detect port scanning attacks. A fuzzy logic controller is designed and integrated with Snort in order to enhance the functionality of port scanning detection. Experiments are carried out in both wired and wireless networks. The results show that applying fuzzy logic adds to the accuracy of determining bad traffic. Moreover, it gives a level of degree for each type of port scanning attack. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of trace embedded impurities in thin multilayer structures using synchrotron X‐ray standing waves
Authors: Tiwari M. K. , Sawhney K. J. S. , Lodha G. S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractX‐ray standing wave (XSW) field generated under Bragg reflection condition in a periodic Mo/Si multilayer structure has been used to determine the concentration and location of various trace element contaminants embedded in different layers of that multilayer structure. We have used intense synchrotron X rays for XSW analysis. It is observed that various trace element impurities such as Cr, Fe, Ni and W get embedded unintentionally in the multilayer structure during the deposition process. Consequences of such impurity incorporation on the optical properties of the multilayer structure are discussed in hard and soft X‐ray regions. Present measurements are important in order to optimize the deposition methods on one hand and to better correlate the measured optical properties of a multilayer structure with theoretical models on the other. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and Function of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Generated From Mouse Embryonic and Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Zhou Zuping , French Deborah L. , Ma Ge , Eisenstein Samuel , Chen Ying , Divino Celia M. , Keller Gordon , Chen Shu-Hsia , Pan Ping-Ying 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have great potential as a novel immune intervention modality in the fields of transplantation and autoimmune diseases. Thus far, efforts to develop MDSC-based therapeutic strategies have been hampered by the lack of a reliable source of MDSCs. Here we show that functional MDSCs can be efficiently generated from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and bone marrow hematopoietic stem (HS) cells. In vitro-derived MDSCs encompass two homogenous subpopulations: CD115+Ly-6C+ and CD115+Ly-6C− cells. The CD115+Ly-6C+ subset is equivalent to the monocytic Gr-1+CD115+F4/80+ MDSCs found in tumor-bearing mice. In contrast, the CD115+Ly-6C− cells, a previously unreported population of MDSCs, resemble the granulocyte/macrophage progenitors developmentally. In vitro, ES- and HS-MDSCs exhibit robust suppression against T-cell proliferation induced by polyclonal stimuli or alloantigens via multiple mechanisms involving nitric oxide synthase-mediated NO production and interleukin (IL)-10. Impressively, they display even stronger suppressive activity and significantly enhance ability to induce CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell development compared with tumor-derived MDSCs. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of ES-MDSCs can effectively prevent alloreactive T-cell-mediated lethal graft-versus-host disease, leading to nearly 82% long-term survival among treated mice. The successful in vitro generation of MDSCs may represent a critical step toward potential clinical application of MDSCs.
Reprogramming of DNA Replication Timing
Authors: Shufaro Yoel , Lacham-Kaplan Orly , Tzuberi Ben-Zion , McLaughlin John , Trounson Alan , Cedar Howard , Reubinoff Benjamin E. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Replication timing is an important developmentally regulated regional property that is correlated with chromosome structure and gene expression, but little is known about the establishment and maintenance of these patterns. Here we followed the fate of replication timing patterns in cells that undergo reprogramming either through somatic-cell nuclear transplantation or by the generation of induced pluripotential stem cells. We have investigated three different paradigms, stage-specific replication timing, parental allele-specific asynchrony (imprinted regions), and random allelic asynchronous replication. In all cases, somatic replication timing patterns were reset exactly at the appropriate stage in early development and could be properly established upon re-differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that, unlike DNA methylation, the molecular mechanisms governing replication timing are not only stable but can also be easily reprogrammed.
Subventricular Zone-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells Migrate Along a Blood Vessel Scaffold Toward The Post-stroke Striatum
Authors: Kojima Takuro , Hirota Yuki , Ema Masatsugu , Takahashi Satoru , Miyoshi Ichiro , Okano Hideyuki , Sawamoto Kazunobu 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult brain contains neural stem cells that have the capacity to regenerate new neurons after various insults. Brain ischemia causes damage to brain tissue and induces neural regeneration together with angiogenesis. We previously reported that, after ischemic injury in mice, SVZ-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) migrate into the striatum, and these NPCs are frequently associated with blood vessels in the regenerating brain tissue. Here we studied the role of blood vessels during the neural regeneration in more detail. BrdU administration experiments revealed that newly generated NPCs were associated with both newly formed and pre-existing blood vessels in the ischemic striatum, suggesting that the angiogenic environment is not essential for the neuron-blood vessel interaction. To observe migrating NPCs and blood vessels simultaneously in damaged brain tissue, we performed live imaging of cultured brain slices after ischemic injury. In this system, we virally labeled SVZ-derived NPCs in Flk1-EGFP knock-in mice in which the blood vessels are labeled with EGFP. Our results provide direct evidence that SVZ-derived NPCs migrate along blood vessels from the SVZ toward the ischemic region of the striatum. The leading process of the migrating NPCs was closely associated with blood vessels, suggesting that this interaction provides directional guidance to the NPCs. These findings suggest that blood vessels play an important role as a scaffold for NPCs migration toward the damaged brain region.
Psychosocial Correlates of Medical Mistrust Among African American Men
Authors: Hammond Wizdom Powell 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe current study proposed and tested a conceptual model of medical mistrust in a sample of African American men (N = 216) recruited primarily from barbershops in the Midwest and Southeast regions of the United States. Potential psychosocial correlates were grouped into background factors, masculine role identity/socialization factors, recent healthcare experiences, recent socioenvironmental experiences (e.g., discrimination), and healthcare system outcome expectations (e.g., perceived racism in healthcare). Direct and mediated relationships were assessed. Results from the hierarchical regression analyses suggest that perceived racism in healthcare was the most powerful correlate of medical mistrust even after controlling for other factors. Direct effects were found for age, masculine role identity, recent patient–physician interaction quality, and discrimination experiences. Also, perceived racism in healthcare mediated the relationship between discrimination experiences and medical mistrust. These findings suggest that African American men's mistrust of healthcare organizations is related to personal characteristics, previous negative social/healthcare experiences, and expectations of disparate treatment on the basis of race. These findings also imply that aspects of masculine role identity shape the tone of patient–physician interactions in ways that impede trust building processes.
An empirical analysis of retirement behaviour in Spain: partial versus full retirement
Authors: Cairó-Blanco Isabel 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
In several developed countries, the ageing process of the population may pose fiscal risks to the PAYG systems of public pensions. This paper studies the determinants of two forms of accessing retirement in Spain, either partial or full retirement. Our goal is to identify if social security legislation influences the choice between these two alternative paths. Using a newly released data set we estimate a multinomial logit duration model including different measures capturing the economic incentives embedded in the social security system. Our results show that social security incentives determine individual retirement decisions. Besides, partial retirement legislation modifies the selection of retirement routes and affects the age of retirement moving it to an earlier date.
Die Bedeutung der Rehabilitation für die Versorgung chronisch Kranker
Authors: Farin Erik , Bengel Jürgen , Jäckel Wilfried 
Published: January 2010

Einleitung
Das Gesundheitsversorgungssystem basiert auf drei Säulen: der Gesundheitsvorsorge, der Behandlung und der Rehabilitation, wobei letztere als medizinische Maßnahme (Leistungen der medizinischen Rehabilitation), berufsbezogene Maßnahme (Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben) oder soziale Maßnahme (Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Leben in der Gemeinschaft) durchgeführt werden kann. Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO, www.who.org) bezeichnet die Rehabilitation von Personen mit Behinderungen als einen Prozess, der das Ziel verfolgt, den Betroffenen zu ermöglichen, ihr optimales physisches, sensorisches, intellektuelles, psychisches und soziales Funktionsniveau zu erreichen und aufrecht zu erhalten.
ON A PERTURBED CONSERVATIVE SYSTEM OF SEMILINEAR WAVE EQUATIONS WITH PERIODIC-DIRICHLET BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: CHEN JINHAI , O’REGAN DONAL 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this paper, some existence and uniqueness results for generalized solutions to a periodic-Dirichlet problem for semilinear wave equations are given, using a global inverse function theorem. These results extend those known in the literature.
INVOLUTIONS OF GRAPH LINK EXTERIORS WHOSE FIXED POINT SETS ARE CLOSED SURFACES
Authors: IKEDA TORU 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA link L in S3 possibly admits an involution of the exterior E(L) with fixed point set a closed surface, which is not extendable to an involution of S3. In this paper, we focus on the case of graph links and show that the genus of the surface provides a lower estimate of the number of link components.
The Red Cross Spirit
Authors: Burckhardt Carl J. 
Published: January 2010

You have come here from all corners of the globe, united in the Red Cross spirit.This spirit goes back a long way in history. It does not belong to any particular place, period, established faith or philosophy. It operates at all great moments of thought and everywhere. Then, one day a man was to give it its universal quality and effectiveness. Substance was to be given to this aspiration by exalting and binding humanity's still latent forces. That man was Henry Dunant, whose book A memory of Solferino will always remain as a monument of human grandeur.
The nurse and the humanization of the hospital
Authors: Candille Marcel 
Published: January 2010

On several occasions the International Review has published articles and information on a problem which at the moment is holding the attention of people and institutions concerned in every country, that of the humanization of the hospital.A considerable development is to be noted in this field and pilot-hospitals are showing the way forward with numerous innovations. These problems correspond to those of many National Red Cross, Red Crescent and Red Lion and Sun Societies, which possess their own hospitals and train nurses in their own schools.
Dissemination of the Geneva Conventions
Authors: Siordet Frédéric 
Published: January 2010

Amongst the articles common to the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 can be found the following provisions, the whole of the first part of which is identical in all four treaties:Geneva Convention for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded and sick in armed forces in the field (art. 47)andGeneva Convention for the amelioration of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea (art. 48)“The High Contracting Parties undertake, in time of peace as in time of war, to disseminate the text of the present Convention as widely as possible in their respective countries, and, in particular, to include the study thereof in their programmes of military and, if possible, civjl instruction, so that the principles thereof may become known to the entire population, in particular to the armed fighting forces, the medical personnel and the chaplains.”
International Exhibition of the Red Cross: The Red Cross and Philately
Authors: Thomas Max-Marc 
Published: January 2010

Some one hundred and thirty collections, belonging to official bodies or National Red Cross Societies, but mostly to private collectors, figured in the philatelic section, organized as part of the International Exhibition of the Red Cross.This was the first occasion on which has been seen such an important display of Red Cross stamps. Apart from many collections from nearly all the European countries, from East and West, others had been sent from America, Iceland, New Zealand and Australia. Nearly eleven hundred frames were necessary to exhibit the large numbers of album sheets and their valuable contents: some two hundred thousand stamps and philatelic items connected with the Red Cross in one way or another.
Recognition of the Red Cross Society of the Congo (Léopoldville)
Authors: Boissier Léopold 
Published: January 2010

We have the honour to inform you of the official recognition on July 4, 1963, of the Red Cross Society of the Congo (Léopoldville) by the International Committee of the Red Cross.This Society applied for recognition by letter dated June 14, 1963. The application was accompanied by the Decree promulgated on March 1, 1961, by the President of the Republic of the Congo which accorded the Society recognition, together with the text of the Society's Statutes and a report of its activities.
Recognition of the Senegalese Red Cross Society
Authors: Boissier Léopold 
Published: January 2010

We have the honour to inform you of the official recognition on August 8, 1963, of the Senegalese Red Cross Society by the International Committee of the Red Cross.This Society applied for recognition by letter dated May 9, 1963. The application was accompanied by the Decree of January 29,1963, of the Government of the Republic of Senegal, recognizing the Society, the Decree having been commented upon and defined in a letter of July 18, 1963, from the President of the Republic, together with the text of the Society's Statutes and a report of its activities.
Recognition of the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society
Authors: Boissier Léopold 
Published: January 2010

We have the honour to inform you of the official recognition, on November 1, 1962, of the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society by the International Committee of the Red Cross.This Society applied for recognition in a letter dated September 21, 1962. The application was accompanied by the Sierra Leone Government's Decree of July 1, 1962, recognizing the Society, together with the text of the Society's Statutes, and reports of its activities.