bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and functional imaging features of cognitive phenotypes in pediatric multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mistri Damiano , Margoni Monica , Pagani Elisabetta , Valsasina Paola , Meani Alessandro , Moiola Lucia , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to identify the clinical and MRI features of the distinct cognitive phenotypes in pediatric multiple sclerosis (pedMS).MethodsPedMS patients (n = 73) and healthy controls (n = 30) underwent clinical examination and 3.0T MRI. All patients completed neuropsychological testing, and cognitive phenotypes were identified by performing K‐means clustering on cognitive scores. MRI metrics included brain T2‐hyperintese lesion volume and normalized brain volumes. Within seven cognitively relevant cortical networks, structural disconnectivity (i.e., the mean percentage of streamlines connecting each pair of cortical regions passing through a lesion) and resting‐state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) were estimated.ResultsThree cognitive phenotypes emerged: Preserved cognition (PC; n = 27, 37%), mild verbal learning and memory/semantic fluency involvement (MVS; n = 28, 38%), and multidomain involvement (MI; n = 18, 25%). Age, sex, and disease duration did not differ among groups. Compared with healthy subjects, PC patients had decreased RS FC within the default mode network (p = 0.045); MVS patients exhibited lower cortical volume and reduced RS FC within the frontoparietal network (all p = 0.045); and MI patients showed decreased volumes in all brain compartments except the hippocampus, and reduced RS FC within the frontoparietal network (all p ≤ 0.045). Compared to PC, MI patients had more severe disability and higher structural disconnectivity within four cortical networks (all p ≤ 0.045). Compared to PC and MVS, MI patients had lower intelligence quotient (all p ≤ 0.005).InterpretationWe identified three cognitive phenotypes in pedMS that demonstrate the existence of a spectrum of impairment. Such phenotypes showed distinct clinical and MRI characteristics that contributed to explain their cognitive profiles.
Efficient Inverted CsPbI3 Solar Cells with Pb─S Contained Organosulfide‐Halide Perovskite Heterojunction
Authors: Lu Chunyan , Guo Xuemin , Zhang Wenxiao , Yuan Haobo , Liu Acan , Yang Hui , Li Wen , Cui Zhengbo , Hu YuYang , Li Xiaodong , Fang Junfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHere robust Pb‐S covalency is successfully incorporated into CsPbI3 heterojunction by introducing a new zwitterionic organosulfide‐halide perovskite on top of CsPbI3. Cysteamine (CYS: +NH3(CH2)2S−) will react with PbCl2 and form a new 3D perovskite with much shallower fermi level on CsPbI3 surface, constructing an efficient CsPbI3/[CYS][PbCl2] heterojunction. As a result, interfacial energy loss can be significantly inhibited and device open‐circuit voltage (Voc) is increased to over 1.20 V with champion efficiency of 20.38% in inverted CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Besides, the intrinsic moisture and phase stability of [CYS][PbCl2] perovskite will effectively stabilize the CsPbI3 beneath owing to its robust Pb‐S covalency. PSCs with [CYS][PbCl2] exhibit significantly improved stability, whether in moist air or under continuous maximum power point (MPP) tracking.
Bark‐Inspired Functional‐Carbon/Potassium Composite Electrode with Fast Ion Transport Channels for Dendrite‐Free Potassium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhou Jun‐Long , Zhao Lu‐Kang , Lu Yue , Gao Xuan‐Wen , Chen Yue , Liu Zhao‐Meng , Gu Qin‐Fen , Luo Wen‐Bin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPotassium metal batteries (PMBs) are regarded as viable candidates for future electrochemical energy storage devices with potential high energy density and low cost. However, uncontrollable potassium dendrite growth and huge volume expansion severely inhibit the practical application of PMBs. Herein, inspired by the structure and functionalities of tree bark, an antimony (Sb) nano‐clusters decorated N‐doped interconnected carbon nanospheres/potassium composite electrode with biomimetic fast ionic channels is developed to realize the dendrite‐free potassium metal batteries. The composite electrode provides abundant nucleation sites and interconnected ion transport channels, facilitating rapid ion transport kinetics and highly reversible potassium plating/stripping behaviors. Consequently, the assembled symmetric cell exhibits an ultra‐long cycle life (1100 h at 1.0 mA cm−2/1.0 mAh cm−2) in carbonate electrolyte. Moreover, the K full cells demonstrate enhanced cycling stability (1500 cycles at 8 C) and rate capacity (117.27 mAh g−1 at 20 C). This novel biomimetic design of composite anode presents an effective and rational approach for achieving stable PMBs.
Catalytically Self‐Supplied Oxygen to Alleviate Hypoxia for Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Wang Tingting , Guo Wenfeng , Lv Xingxing , Li Huirong , Zhou Lu , Feng Lan , Xia Dan , Han Xiao , Wang Qi , Qu Yongquan , Tian Zhimin , Liu Hongbao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOvercoming hypoxia is an urgent clinical challenge in acute kidney injury (AKI) treatment. Specifically, hypoxia upregulates xanthine oxidase (XO) expression and induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which exacerbates renal injury. Herein, a therapeutic strategy of self‐supply oxygen for highly efficient AKI therapy is developed, in which the biocompatible CeO2 nanorods modified by poly(ethylene glycol)‐folic acid conjugate (CeFA) catalytically convert ROS into oxygen and effectively relieve hypoxia in injured renal tissues. Modification with poly(ethylene glycol)‐folic acid conjugate allows the catalysts to be accumulated in injured renal tissues, and the high activity of CeFA guaranteed long‐lasting endogenous ROS decomposition to continuously supply oxygen. This resulted in the relief of renal hypoxia, which inhibits XO expression, reduces ROS generation and thereafter essentially alleviates kidney injury. Moreover, CeFA significantly reduces lipopolysaccharide‐induced ROS injury and reverses hypoxia in the murine AKI model, where the levels of kidney function indicators remain normal, and inflammation is alleviated without negative effects. This study offers a promising strategy for relieving hypoxia and protecting the kidney from AKI. This methodology is anticipated to provide a valuable approach for treating other oxygen‐dependent diseases and events, such as tumors and stroke.
Amorphization Activates Biocompatible MgAl‐Layered Double Hydroxide for Efficient Multiple Free Radical Scavenging
Authors: Wang Bingqing , Yang Xiang , Fang Yingyan , Zhou Xulin , Jiang Runtao , Han Xu , Wang Shiji , Lin Yanjun , Liu Junfeng , Duan Xue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe exploitation of effective and nontoxic materials with antioxidant activity to mitigate or inhibit the damage caused by elevated levels of free radicals has attracted considerable attention across diverse fields. Herein, this study demonstrates that a biocompatible MgAl‐layered double hydroxide (LDH) can be activated for multiple types of free radical scavenging with unexpected activity through amorphization (a‐MgAl‐LDH). Detailed characterization reveals that numerous oxygen defects are introduced after amorphization. Mechanistic studies and theoretical simulations indicate that amorphization‐induced oxygen defects in a‐MgAl‐LDH promote radical adsorption and reduce the reaction energy barriers, thereby resulting in enhanced radical scavenging activities. Consequently, a‐MgAl‐LDH demonstrated remarkable efficiency in mitigating the oxidative injury induced by Rosup in cells and provided thermal stabilization of polyvinyl chloride against degradation. This study demonstrates the transformation of inert MgAl‐LDH into a promising, nontoxic, and cost‐effective nano‐antioxidant option for antioxidative therapy or polymer stabilization and highlights the significance of crystallinity engineering of nanomaterials for efficient free radical scavenging.
Duodecuple H‐Bonded NH4+ Storage in Multi‐Redox‐Site N‐Heterocyclic Cathode for Six‐Electron Zinc–Organic Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yehui , Song Ziyang , Miao Ling , Lv Yaokang , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDesigning multiple redox sites in electroactive organic cathodes that allow more electron transfer is a permanent target for energy storage. Here, six‐electron zinc–organic batteries are reported accessed by duodecuple H‐bonded NH4+ storage in N‐heterocyclic dipyrazino[2,3‐f:2′,3′‐h]quinoxaline‐2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexacarbonitrile (DQH) cathode. DQH features an extended π‐conjugated aromatic planarity enriched with super electron delocalization routes and dodecahedral‐active imine/cyano motifs, achieving a high capacity up to 385 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. Besides, DQH cathode redox‐exclusively couples with small‐hydration‐size and low‐desolvation‐energy‐barrier NH4+ ions (0.33 nm and 0.19 eV vs 0.86 nm and 0.36 eV of Zn2+) via flexible H‐bonding interactions. NH4+ topo‐coordination enables DQH anti‐dissolution in aqueous electrolytes to avoid common capacity decay of small organic molecules, and solves the instability and low interfacial reaction kinetics issues caused by rigidly and sluggishly repeated insertion of Zn2+ ions. This gives zinc–organic battery high‐rate ability (30 A g−1) and high lifespan (30 000 cycles at 10 A g−1).
Inhibition of Phase Transition in Amorphous Niobium Oxide by Covalent Carbon Reinforcement Enables Fast‐Charge and Long‐Duration Lithium Storage
Authors: Chen Jinghui , Liu Fang , Meng Jiashen , Wang Weixiao , Zhou Liang , Zhang Lei , An Qinyou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNiobium oxides are potential anode materials for ultrafast and safe lithium‐ion batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and relatively high operation voltage. However, the electrochemically induced phase transformations that involve multi‐electron redox reactions in a wide voltage window cause rapid capacity degradation and poor rate capability. Here, a novel carbon‐covalent amorphous niobium oxide anode is reported to greatly suppress the phase transition during cycling via formation of strong Nb─O─C bonds, achieving high‐capacity, fast‐charge and long‐duration lithium storage. This amorphous structure and forming covalent carbon contribute to good volume accommodation and high electron conductivity. The carbon‐covalent amorphous Nb2O5 displays a high reversible capacity of 361.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability with a capacity of 189.8 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 10 A g−1 after 9000 cycles. Structure characterizations reveal that the well‐preserved amorphous structure without phase transition during repeated Li+ insertion/desertion is responsible for the superior performance. This work opens a new avenue on rational design of high‐performance amorphous electrode materials for next‐generation batteries.
4D‐Printed MXene‐Based Artificial Nerve Guidance Conduit for Enhanced Regeneration of Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Authors: Wang Zhilong , Zheng Yan , Qiao Liang , Ma Yuanya , Zeng Huajing , Liang Jiachen , Ye Qian , Shen Kuangyu , Liu Bin , Sun Luyi , Fan Zengjie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRepairing larger defects (>5 mm) in peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) remains a significant challenge when using traditional artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs). A novel approach that combines 4D printing technology with poly(L‐lactide‐co‐trimethylene carbonate) (PLATMC) and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets is proposed, thereby imparting shape memory properties to the NGCs. Upon body temperature activation, the printed sheet‐like structure can quickly self‐roll into a conduit‐like structure, enabling optimal wrapping around nerve stumps. This design enhances nerve fixation and simplifies surgical procedures. Moreover, the integration of microchannel expertly crafted through 4D printing, along with the incorporation of MXene nanosheets, introduces electrical conductivity. This feature facilitates the guided and directional migration of nerve cells, rapidly accelerating the healing of the PNI. By leveraging these advanced technologies, the developed NGCs demonstrate remarkable potential in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration, leading to substantial improvements in muscle morphology and restored sciatic nerve function, comparable to outcomes achieved through autogenous nerve transplantation.
Leadership and the finder's advantage in mantled howler monkeys
Authors: Giannetti‐Domínguez Aylén D. , Rangel‐Negrín Ariadna , Coyohua‐Fuentes Alejandro , Dias Pedro A. D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLeading collective movements and arriving first at feeding sites may improve food acquisition. Specifically, the first individual to discover and exploit a feeding site may gain a feeding advantage known as the “finder's advantage.” The aim of this research was to verify if the probability of leading group movements to feeding sites in mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) varied by sex and reproductive status, and whether finders had higher foraging success than followers. We studied 18 adult individuals from two groups in La Flor de Catemaco over a year (978 h), and sampled group movements (n = 211) and foraging behavior (n = 215 feeding episodes). Gestating females were leaders and finders of group movements to feeding sites more often than expected but were also replaced in the leading position more frequently than individuals of other sex/reproductive states. Feeding behavior was not influenced by the order of arrival at feeding sites per se, but gestating females had higher food intake rate, bite rate, and feeding time when arriving earlier (i.e., occupying front group positions) than later. Therefore, leadership and the finder's advantage occur in this species and are probably employed by gestating females to maintain their energetic condition.
Acceptability of corporal punishment and use of different parenting practices across high‐income countries
Authors: Gonzalez Carolina , Morawska Alina , Higgins Daryl J. , Haslam Divna M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWorldwide, many children experience corporal punishment. Most research on corporal punishment has focused on parents' attitudes and use of corporal punishment; however, other relevant parenting factors and practices have rarely been examined. This study explored differences among countries with various levels of progress toward a total legal ban of corporal punishment in parents' acceptability of corporal punishment, perception of parenting as a private concern, relationship with their child and parenting practices: consistency, coercive parenting, use of smacking and positive encouragement. Parents (N = 6760) of 2 to 12‐year‐old children from Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Hong Kong, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom completed the International Parenting Survey, an online cross‐sectional survey. One‐way ANOVAs, and MANCOVAs (after controlling for parent age, gender and educational level), indicated significant country differences. Overall, there was no clear link between corporal punishment bans and positive parenting beliefs, practices and behaviours. The two countries where corporal punishment is banned showed different patterns. Parents in Germany showed less acceptability and use of smacking; however, parents in Spain reported the highest use of coercive parenting. Country differences suggest that beyond a legal ban, attention is needed on how to support parents to raise their children in a positive, nurturing environment.
Serum NfL and GFAP as biomarkers of progressive neurodegeneration in TBI
Authors: Shahim Pashtun , Pham Dzung L. , van der Merwe Andre J. , Moore Brian , Chou Yi‐Yu , Lippa Sara M. , Kenney Kimbra , Diaz‐Arrastia Ramon , Chan Leighton 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe examined spatial patterns of brain atrophy after mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), the relationship between progression of brain atrophy with initial traumatic axonal injury (TAI), cognitive outcome, and with serum biomarkers of brain injury.METHODSA total of 143 patients with TBI and 43 controls were studied cross‐sectionally and longitudinally up to 5 years with multiple assessments, which included brain magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive testing, and serum biomarkers.RESULTSTBI patients showed progressive volume loss regardless of injury severity over several years, and TAI was independently associated with accelerated brain atrophy. Cognitive performance improved over time. Higher baseline serum neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were associated with greater rate of brain atrophy over 5 years.DISCUSSSIONSpatial patterns of atrophy differ by injury severity and TAI is associated with the progression of brain atrophy. Serum NfL and GFAP show promise as non‐invasive prognostic biomarkers of progressive neurodegeneration in TBI.Highlights
In this longitudinal study of patient with mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) who were assessed with paired magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), blood biomarkers, and cognitive assessments, we found that brain atrophy after TBI is progressive and continues for many years even after a mild head trauma without signs of brain injury on conventional MRI.
We found that spatial pattern of brain atrophy differs between mild, moderate, and severe TBI, where in patients with mild TBI , atrophy is mainly seen in the gray matter, while in those with moderate to severe brain injury atrophy is predominantly seen in the subcortical gray matter and whiter matter.
Cognitive performance improves over time after a TBI.
Serum measures of neurofilament light or glial fibrillary acidic protein are associated with progression of brain atrophy after TBI.
Implementing a Barcode‐Based Whole–Life Cycle Management Process to Improve Robotic Instrument Tracking
Authors: Qian Chen , Ning Yun , Li Tianfu , Yu Zhu , Zhu Ping , Zhang Liuliu 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTMinimally invasive surgery can involve the use of robotics to improve patient outcomes. Some robotic systems require special instruments with a designated number of uses. In China, during the reprocessing of the robotic instruments, health care personnel determined that the existing tracking processes were inadequate. They conducted a quality improvement project with the goal of establishing a barcode‐based standardized process for tracking robotic instruments. They implemented technology that generated a unique identifier each time a robotic instrument was reprocessed after use. Nurses scanned the identifier when surgeons used the instrument. The findings included the increased accuracy of use documentation and decreases in untraceable sterilization and use records, charging concerns, and average daily and monthly inventory times. An increase in adverse event reports associated with robotic instruments also was noted. The use of barcode technology for robotic instrument tracking continues at the facility and may be expanded for additional specialty instruments.
Correlation between the miR‐618 rs2682818 C>A polymorphism and venous malformation susceptibility
Authors: Lin Xi , Chen Zijian , Wu Guitao , Jiang Hua , Liu Zhenyin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVenous malformations are the most common congenital vascular malformations, and the incidence rate is high. Previous studies have confirmed that a variety of polymorphisms within the miRNA functional region are associated with tumor susceptibility. We examined the correlation between miR‐618 rs2682818 C>A and risk of developing venous malformation in a southern Chinese population (1113 patients and 1158 controls). TaqMan genotyping of miR‐618 rs2682818 C>A was conducted utilizing real‐time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The miR‐618 rs2682818 polymorphism was not correlated with susceptibility to venous malformation (CA/AA vs. CC: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.81–1.25, p = 0.994; AA vs. CC/CA: AOR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.73–1.65, p = 0.646). Stratified analysis of different subtypes of venous malformation revealed that there was no significant difference in the rs2682818 C>A polymorphism genotypes across these subtypes. Our results indicate that miR‐618 rs2682818 C>A polymorphism is not correlated with the susceptibility to venous malformation.
Multiagent trajectory prediction with global‐local scene‐enhanced social interaction graph network
Authors: Lin Xuanqi , Zhang Yong , Wang Shun , Piao Xinglin , Yin Baocai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTrajectory prediction is essential for intelligent autonomous systems like autonomous driving, behavior analysis, and service robotics. Deep learning has emerged as the predominant technique due to its superior modeling capability for trajectory data. However, deep learning‐based models face challenges in effectively utilizing scene information and accurately modeling agent interactions, largely due to the complexity and uncertainty of real‐world scenarios. To mitigate these challenges, this study presents a novel multiagent trajectory prediction model, termed the global‐local scene‐enhanced social interaction graph network (GLSESIGN), which incorporates two pivotal strategies: global‐local scene information utilization and a social adaptive attention graph network. The model hierarchically learns scene information relevant to multiple intelligent agents, thereby enhancing the understanding of complex scenes. Additionally, it adaptively captures social interactions, improving adaptability to diverse interaction patterns through sparse graph structures. This model not only improves the understanding of complex scenes but also accurately predicts future trajectories of multiple intelligent agents by flexibly modeling intricate interactions. Experimental validation on public datasets substantiates the efficacy of the proposed model. This research offers a novel model to address the complexity and uncertainty in multiagent trajectory prediction, providing more accurate predictive support in practical application scenarios.
Highlight mask‐guided adaptive residual network for single image highlight detection and removal
Authors: Wang Shuaibin , Li Li , Wang Juan , Peng Tao , Li Zhenwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpecular highlights detection and removal is a challenging task. Although various methods exist for removing specular highlights, they often fail to effectively preserve the color and texture details of objects after highlight removal due to the high brightness and nonuniform distribution characteristics of highlights. Furthermore, when processing scenes with complex highlight properties, existing methods frequently encounter performance bottlenecks, which restrict their applicability. Therefore, we introduce a highlight mask‐guided adaptive residual network (HMGARN). HMGARN comprises three main components: detection‐net, adaptive‐removal network (AR‐Net), and reconstruct‐net. Specifically, detection‐net can accurately predict highlight mask from a single RGB image. The predicted highlight mask is then inputted into the AR‐Net, which adaptively guides the model to remove specular highlights and estimate an image without specular highlights. Subsequently, reconstruct‐net is used to progressively refine this result, remove any residual specular highlights, and construct the final high‐quality image without specular highlights. We evaluated our method on the public dataset (SHIQ) and confirmed its superiority through comparative experimental results.