bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact and torsional behavior of additive layer‐manufactured biopolymer: An advancement for orthopedic applications
Authors: Sharma Shrutika , Mudgal Deepa , Gupta Vishal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDistal ulna locking bone plates (DLBPs) are commonly employed in the treatment of distal ulna fractures. However, commercially available metallic bone plates experience stress shielding and lack corrosion resistance. Poly lactic acid (PLA) is highly favored biopolymer due to its biocompatible and bioabsorbable nature with human tissues. The use of additive layer manufacturing (ALM) is gaining attention for creating customized implants with intricate structures tailored to patient autonomy. ALM‐based PLA bone plates must provide high resistance against impact and torsional forces, necessitating the adjustment of printing process parameters. This study focuses on examining the influence of key printing parameters, on the impact strength and torque‐withstanding capability of DLBPs. Experimental results, along with microscopic images, reveal that an increase in infill density (IF) and wall thickness imparts strong resistance to layers against crack propagation under impact and torsional loads. On the contrary, an increase in layer height and printing speed leads to delamination and early fracture of layers during impact and torsional testing. IF significantly contributes to improving the impact strength and torque‐withstanding capability of DLBPs by 70.53% and 80.65%, respectively. The study highlights the potential of the ALM technique in developing DLBPs with sufficient mechanical strength for biomedical applications.
Removal of empty capsids from high‐dose adeno‐associated virus 9 gene therapies
Authors: Kish William S. , Lightholder John , Zeković Tamara , Berrill Alex , Roach Matthew , Wellborn William B. , Vorst Eric 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecombinant adeno‐associated virus, serotype 9 (rAAV9) has shown promise as a gene therapy vector for muscle and central nervous diseases. High‐dose requirements of these therapies present critical safety considerations and biomanufacturing challenges. Notably, the reduction of empty capsids (ECs), which lack therapeutic transgene, from rAAV9 products is critical to maximize efficacy. Removal of rAAV ECs from full capsids is a major downstream challenge because of their highly similar biophysical characteristics. Ultracentrifugation (UC) reduces ECs but is laborious and difficult to scale. In this paper, to replace a poorly scalable UC process, we developed an anion exchange (AEX) chromatography for rAAV9 EC reduction from full capsids. AEX load preparation by dilution incurred major product loss. The addition of histidine and surfactants to dilution buffers increased yield and reduced aggregation. Elution salts were screened and sodium acetate was found to maximize yield and EC reduction. The most promising load dilution buffer and elution salt were used in combination to form an optimized AEX method. The process reduced ECs three‐fold, demonstrated robustness to a broad range of EC load challenges, and was scaled for large‐scale manufacture. Compared to UC, the AEX method simplified scale‐up, reduced ECs to comparable levels (20%), afforded similar purity and product quality, and increased yield by 14%.
The machine learning‐based model for lateral lymph node metastasis of thyroid medullary carcinoma improved the prediction ability of occult metastasis
Authors: Zhang Xiwei , Zhao Xiaohui , Jin Lichao , Guo Qianqian , Wei Minghui , Li Zhengjiang , Niu Lijuan , Liu Zhiqiang , An Changming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundFor medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) with no positive findings in the lateral neck before surgery, whether prophylactic lateral neck dissection (LND) is needed remains controversial. A better way to predict occult metastasis in the lateral neck is needed.MethodsFrom January 2010 to January 2022, patients who were diagnosed with MTC and underwent primary surgery at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. We collected the patients' baseline characteristics, surgical procedure, and rescored the ultrasound images of the primary lesions using American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI‐RADS). Regularized logistic regression, 5‐fold cross‐validation and decision curve analysis was applied for lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) model's development and validation. Then, we tested the predictive ability of the LLNM model for occult LLNM in cN0−1a patients.ResultsA total of 218 patients were enrolled. Five baseline characteristics and two TI‐RADS features were identified as high‐risk factors for LLNM: gender, baseline calcitonin (Ctn), tumor size, multifocality, and central lymph node (CLN) status, as well as TI‐RADS margin and level. A LLNM model was developed and showed a good discrimination with 5‐fold cross‐validation mean area under curve (AUC) = 0.92 ± 0.03 in the test dataset. Among cN0−1a patients, our LLNM model achieved an AUC of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88–0.94) for predicting occult LLNM, which was significantly higher than the AUCs of baseline Ctn (0.83) and CLN status (0.64).ConclusionsWe developed a LLNM prediction model for MTC using machine learning based on clinical baseline characteristics and TI‐RADS. Our model can predict occult LLNM for cN0−1a patients more accurately, then benefit the decision of prophylactic LND.
Efficacy of first‐line dual oral pyrotinib plus capetabine therapy in HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer: A real‐world retrospective study
Authors: Dai Shuang , Zhang Yong , Tan Xiang , Luo Feng , Yan Xi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe combination of dual‐targeted human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapy and chemotherapy is the standard first‐line regimen for recurrent/metastatic breast cancer (mBC). However, the toxicity of such combination therapy can lead to some patients being unable to tolerate adverse events or bear treatment costs. As a novel irreversible pan‐ErbB receptor TKI (pyrotinib), can the dual oral administration of pyrotinib plus capetabine (PyroC) provide first‐line survival benefits and serve as a more affordable treatment option?MethodsThis real‐world retrospective study included patients diagnosed with HER2‐positive mBC who received PyroC as a first‐line treatment at West China Hospital between May 2018 and July 2023. The survival data and toxicity profiles were reported in this study.ResultsA total of 64 patients received PyroC as first‐line therapy. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 19.6 months (95% CI 15.0–27.2), while overall survival (OS) has not yet been reached. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that age (≥60, p = 0.03) and metastasis sites (p = 0.004) were related to poor efficacy of PyroC, while there was no relationship between effectiveness and menstrual status, hormone receptor (HR) status or previous treatment with anti‐HER2 therapy. Furthermore, the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 79.7% and 98.4%, respectively. Of the patients, 78.1% reported treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs). The predominant adverse events were diarrhea (n = 46, 71.9%) and hand‐foot syndrome (n = 10, 15.6%).ConclusionThe dual oral administration regimen (PyroC) has a promising ORR or PFS in HER2‐positive mBC patients, with an acceptable safety profile and convenience.
Graph‐based control framework for motion propagation and pattern preservation in swarm flight simulations
Authors: Qi Feixiang , Wang Bojian , Wang Meili 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSimulation of swarm motion is a crucial research area in computer graphics and animation, and is widely used in a variety of applications such as biological behavior research, robotic swarm control, and the entertainment industry. In this paper, we address the challenges of preserving structural relations between the individuals in swarm flight simulations by proposing an innovative motion control framework that utilizes a graph‐based hierarchy to illustrate patterns within a swarm and allows the swarm to perform flight motions along externally specified paths. In addition, this study designs motion propagation strategies with different focuses for varied application scenarios, analyzes the effects of information transfer latencies on pattern preservation under these strategies, and optimizes the control algorithms at the mathematical level. This study not only establishes a complete set of control methods for group flight simulations, but also has excellent scalability, which can be combined with other techniques in this field to provide new solutions for group behavior simulations.
Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the anticancer properties of pH‐responsive carvacrol‐zinc oxide quantum dots on breast cancer cell line (MDA‐MB‐231)
Authors: Srinivasan Manoj Kumar , Premnath Briska Jifrina , Parimelazhagan Ramya , Namasivayam Nalini 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSince most solid tumors have a low pH value, a pH‐responsive drug delivery system may offer a broad method for tumor‐targeting treatment. The present study is used to analyze the anticancer activity of carvacrol‐zinc oxide quantum dots (CVC‐ZnO QDs) against breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231). CVC‐ZnO QDs demonstrate pH responsive and are specifically released within the acidic pH tumor microenvironment. This property enables targeted drug delivery exclusively to cancer cells while minimizing the impact on normal cells. To the synthesized ZnO QDs, the CVC was loaded and then examined by X‐ray diffraction, ultraviolet‐visible, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray, and transmission electron microscopy. For up to 20 h, CVC release was examined in different pH‐buffered solutions. The results showed that carvacrol release was stable in an acidic pH solution. Further, cytotoxicity assay, antioxidant, and lipid peroxidation activity, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, nuclear damage, and the ability of CVC‐ZnO QDs to cause apoptosis were all examined. Apoptosis markers such as Bcl2, Bax, caspase‐3, and caspase‐9, were also studied. In conclusion, the CVC‐ZnO QDs destabilized the MDA‐MB‐231cells under its acidic tumor microenvironment and regulated apoptosis.
Veterans starting their higher education at community colleges
Authors: Del Razo Jaime L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis manuscript focuses on student veterans’ best option to start their post‐high‐school education: attending community colleges. It illustrates this point using the story of the author, a US Army combat veteran who began his career at a community college, and other veterans who also began their college careers at the community college. Using qualitative methods, the author uses perspectives of former student‐veterans to provide first‐person accounts of transition into and through college—beginning at community colleges. Four themes emerge from this analysis: acceptance, transition, liminality, and comradery.
Monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance in a young patient treated with melphalan‐thalidomide‐prednisone
Authors: Rakotonirainy Oliva Henintsoa , Rakotonirina Lalao Nomenjanahary , Desana Stevy , Manahandray Lauréat Brunda , Radinasoa Rajo Païdia , Randriamampianina Tahinasoa , Rabenja Fahafahantsoa Rapelanoro 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageWe report an observation of a young patient presenting with severe type 1 cryoglobulinemic vasculitis revealing a monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significant. Treatment with Melphalan‐Thalidomide Prednisone improved the symptoms. Early diagnosis would prevent serious tissue damage.AbstractMonoclonal gammopathy encompass diverse clinical forms. Only the cancerous form, multiple myeloma (MM), is treated based on specific diagnostic criteria. A new clinical entity, monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS), warrants special attention due to its need for specific treatment. It involves patients with signs of potentially severe organ involvement that do not meet MM criteria. We present the case of a 34‐year‐old Malagasy woman with severe type I cryoglobulinemic vasculitis associated with noncancerous monoclonal gammopathy, showing a favorable outcome after treatment with Thalidomide. Symptoms included toe necrosis, a severe ulcer on the left calf evolving for 3 months, and stocking‐like dysesthesias. Investigations revealed monoclonal gammopathy at 30.1 g/L, proteinuria at 1 g/24 h, medullary plasma cell at 6%, and circulating cryoglobulin of Ig kappa type. CRAB criteria (anemia, hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, and osteolysis) were absent. Treatment with Thalidomide, combined with corticosteroids and local care for 4 months, resulted in ulcer healing, disappearance of dysesthesias, and persistent normalization of gammaglobulin. Our case underscores the importance of specific treatment for MGCS.
Rituximab and pericardiectomy with waffle procedure in constrictive pericarditis due to IgG4‐related disease: A case report
Authors: Okabe Toshitaka , Kawahata Taishi , Koyanagi Yui , Ito Yuki , Gibo Yuma , Okura Takeshi , Isomura Naoei , Nabuchi Akihiro , Okuyama Hiroshi , Ochiai Masahiko 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageWe should consider IgG4‐related disease (IGRD) as one of the potential causes of constrictive pericarditis. In patients with constrictive pericarditis due to IGRD, the combination of surgical treatment and immunosuppressive therapy may be an effective strategy.
Hydrogen Evolving Mono‐Nuclear Manganese Complexes with Carefully Positioned Pyridine Base Ligands
Authors: Hussein Fatimah Ali , Joshi Meenakshi , Kaur‐Ghumaan Sandeep , Stein Matthias 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnormous efforts have been made by the scientific community in the development of bio‐mimetic/bio‐inspired hydrogen‐evolving complexes as catalysts for an alternative hydrogen energy carrier and renewable energy sources. In this regard, new bio‐inspired mono‐nuclear Mn(I) carbonyl model complexes fac‐[(Mn(CO)3(κ2‐SN2C7H5)(κ1‐PPh2Py))] 1 and fac‐[(Mn(CO)3(κ2‐S2NC7H4)(κ1‐PPh2Py))] 2 with 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole (N,N) and 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole (S,N) ligands and a N‐based phosphine ligand (PPh2Py) have been synthesized, spectroscopically characterized and evaluated as electro‐catalysts for hydrogen generation. In contrast to related mono‐nuclear (N,N/S,N)−Mn−PPh3 complexes, the newly introduced pyridine nitrogen atom of the PPh2Py ligand placed in an axial position in the second coordination sphere of the Mn(I) complexes, provides a first site for protonation and enables a fast intra‐molecular proton transfer to the central metal atom with a weaker acid. Theoretical DFT calculations enable a detailed picture of catalytic pathways, assign redox transitions and structural changes. Both the molecular complexes were tested as electro‐catalysts for hydrogen generation in CH3CN. Complexes 1 and 2 effectively catalyzed the electrochemical proton reduction with the weaker acetic acid as the proton source and displayed a turnover frequency (TOF/s−1; overpotential, η/V) of 610; 1.02 and 615; 1.12, respectively. [Correction added on 25 July 2024, after first online publication: Preceding sentence was updated.] The computer‐aided design of dedicated proton transfer pathways from second coordination sphere ligands is thus able to allow a hydrogen evolution reactivity with a weaker acid (acetic acid).
On the Origins of Intrinsic Limitations of Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Media
Authors: Zeradjanin Aleksandar R. , Narangoda Praveen , Masa Justus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media was investigated in comparative relationship to HER in acidic media. Experimentally obtained adsorption free energies for 13 d‐metals were used to study the impact of intermediate coverage on HER activity trends, and how activity trends relate to trends in activation energies and preexponential frequency factors. A mechanistic picture of water discharge and adsorbed intermediate formation was analyzed in the light of recent experimental findings with the goal of creating a more comprehensive picture of HER electrocatalysis in alkaline media.
Preparing for place: A case study of rural counselor training
Authors: Elliott Anna , Koltz Rebecca , Murray Kirsten , Downey Jayne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRural communities face significant mental health disparities. Two universities developed a training model for rural school‐based counseling students, which began with a rural life orientation. This case study's findings demonstrate the value of place‐attentive pedagogy and experiential learning. The study offers implications for how programs can prepare counselors to serve rural populations.
Generating realistic infrared spectra using artificial neural networks
Authors: Győry László , Gergely Szilveszter , Hanzelik Pál Péter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArtificial spectra were generated to match the different acid solubility properties of the rocks. The purpose of generating artificial spectra was to increase the number of samples available for future data processing with a convolutional neural network. The samples were collected from different geological matrices during targeted rock tests to support industrial applications. The inherent characteristics of the samples are their uneven distribution in the parameter space of the features and their limited availability for data‐intensive studies. Both data set characteristics constrain the prediction performance of the machine learning methods to estimate the unknown solubility of samples in the chosen acids. If the sample multiplication techniques are performed without considering the relationship between solubility of samples and their infrared spectra, the synthetic samples adversely impact the efficacy of the prediction method. By utilizing a dimensionality reduction technique (principal component analysis) and a neural network, we established a relationship between the solubility of the samples and their infrared spectra. Infrared spectra of the samples used for learning the model could be efficiently reproduced and infrared spectra of created samples could be generated. The reliability of the applied method has been shown by the comparison of the original and artificial spectra through a mean Pearson correlation coefficient and by comparing the closest neighbors to each other. This method can be used to create new samples and their infrared spectra, where different constraints must be met and the samples must be connected to the infrared spectrum.
Numerical and experimental study of homogenization mechanism of high shear rotor‐stator mixer
Authors: Wang Jiaqiong , Huang Yusha , Zhang Ruijie , Zhou Ling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUtilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for analytical purposes, this study developed a fundamental model employing the multiple reference frame (MRF) method, facilitated by the CFX simulation platform. The investigation conducted numerical simulations of the flow field within the rotor‐stator assembly of a high shear mixer, guided by the Navier–Stokes equations and the standard k‐ε turbulence model. To quantify the homogenization efficacy of the high shear mixer under scenarios with and without energy consumption considerations, the study introduced two distinct parameters: the mixing index (γ) and the energy ratio mixing index (λ). The impact of structural parameters such as the number of rotor‐stator teeth, radial clearance, and tooth apex‐base axial clearance on the local flow characteristics—velocity, pressure, turbulent kinetic energy, shear rate distribution, net power consumption, and the specified indices—was meticulously analyzed. This analysis aimed to identify the optimal structural configurations for the mixer, considering energy efficiency and mixing effectiveness, and to determine the relative influence of these structural variations on the mixing index (γ) and the energy ratio mixing index (λ).
The role of family history in predicting germline pathogenic variant carriers who develop pancreatic cancer: Results of a multicenter collaboration
Authors: Karloski Eve , Dudley Beth , Diergaarde Brenda , Blanco Amie , Everett Jessica N. , Levinson Elana , Rangarajan Tara , Stanich Peter P. , Childers Kimberly , Brown Sandra , Drogan Christine , Cavestro Giulia Martina , Gordon Kelly , Singh Aparajita , Simeone Diane M. , Reich Hannah , Kastrinos Fay , Zakalik Dana , Hampel Heather , Pearlman Rachel , Gordon Ora K. , Kupfer Sonia S. , Puzzono Marta , Zuppardo Raffaella Alessia , Brand Randall E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) surveillance is recommended for some individuals with a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant (PV/LPV) in a PDAC susceptibility gene; the recommendation is often dependent on family history of PDAC. This study aimed to describe PDAC family history in individuals with PDAC who underwent genetic testing to determine the appropriateness of including a family history requirement in these recommendations.MethodsIndividuals with PDAC with a germline heterozygous PV/LPV in ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, EPCAM, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PALB2, or PMS2 (PV/LPV carriers) were assessed for family history of PDAC in first‐degree relatives (FDRs) or second‐degree relatives (SDRs) from nine institutions. A control group of individuals with PDAC without a germline PV/LPV was also assessed.ResultsThe study included 196 PV/LPV carriers and 1184 controls. In the PV/LPV carriers, 25.5% had an affected FDR and/or SDR compared to 16.9% in the control group (p = .004). PV/LPV carriers were more likely to have an affected FDR compared to the controls (p = .003) but there was no statistical difference when assessing only affected SDRs (p = .344).ConclusionsMost PV/LPV carriers who developed PDAC did not have a close family history of PDAC and would not have met most current professional societies’ recommendations for consideration of PDAC surveillance before diagnosis. However, PV/LPV carriers were significantly more likely to have a family history of PDAC, particularly an affected FDR. These findings support family history as a risk modifier in PV/LPV carriers, and highlight the need to identify other risk factors.
Boron Nitride Modified Superhydrophobic Anti‐Icing Coating for Electrical Equipment Protection
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Xueqin , Li Bingkun , Liu Yijie , Xiao Song , Guo Yujun , Wei Wenfu , Gao Guoqiang , Wu Guangning 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnti‐icing of superhydrophobic materials has attracted a lot of attention. The potential for applications in power electronics, transportation, engineering and other fields is enormous. However, in practical applications, the anti‐icing performance parameters of superhydrophobic materials are still far from meeting the engineering requirements. It is a feasible solution to modify superhydrophobic materials to assist surface deicing by combining the vibration and heat generated by equipment in actual engineering. In this study, conventional superhydrophobic materials are modified by h‐BN. The electrical properties are improved to meet the engineering requirements. At the same time, it reduces the ice adhesion at the interface and improves the thermal conductivity of the material. The modified material has the possibility of assisting in de‐icing in engineering applications. A feasible solution is found for the engineering interface ice‐covering problem.