bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral augmentation of the mandible in minipigs with a synthetic nanostructured hydroxyapatite block
Authors: Kirchhoff Mark , Lenz Solvig , Henkel Kai‐Olaf , Frerich Bernhard , Holzhüter Gerd , Radefeldt Sven , Gerber Thomas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate biomaterial degradation and new bone formation after implantation of a nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) grafting block. Furthermore, physical characteristics of the biomaterial were measured. The biomaterial consists of nanostructured HA embedded in a porous matrix of silica (SiO2) gel. The blocks with two different contents of silica (group A: 24 wt % and group B: 39 wt %) were fixed with titanium screws at the lateral aspect of the mandible of minipigs (n = 5). The specific surface areas of both blocks were measured using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) equation and mercury intrusion. In all animals, the wound healing was uneventful. After 5 weeks, the biomaterial percentage was 51.5% ± 12.1% for group A and 33.2% ± 5.9% for group B (p = 0.017). New bone formation accounted to 7.6% ± 6.0% for group A and 15.3% ± 8.3% for group B (p = 0.126) after 5 weeks. After 10 weeks, further resorption of the biomaterial led to percentages of 30.6% ± 10.0% for group A and 12.1% ± 6.7% for group B (p = 0.000). After 10 weeks, new bone formations were measured to be 34.1% ± 10.8% in group A and 39.9% ± 13.5% in group B (p = 0.383). The rate of degradation of the biomaterial is controlled by the composition of the material. A higher content of silica gel matrix leads to faster degradation of the biomaterial. The formation of new bone failed to show a significant difference between both groups. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Predicting employee engagement in an age‐diverse retail workforce
Authors: James Jacquelyn Boone , McKechnie Sharon , Swanberg Jennifer 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe news that the early retirement trend has been reversed and current older workers plan to work past conventional retirement ages has been widely heralded. Managers have been encouraged to make adjustments to differences in job conditions that are important to older workers. We use social exchange theory and the norm of reciprocity as a framework for examining six dimensions of job quality for their impact on employee engagement among several groups of older and younger workers at different points in the cycle of their careers in a large retail setting. Employees (N = 6047) were surveyed as part of a large‐scale research project. Exploratory factor analyses identified commonalities among 27 job quality variables and four reliable factors. Regression analyses estimated the relationship between four job conditions and employee engagement. Although the relative weights of the factors differed by career stage, the same factors: (1) Supervisor Support and Recognition; (2) Schedule Satisfaction; and (3) Job Clarity were significant predictors of employee engagement for all age groups; (4) Career Development was a predictor for all but the retirement‐eligible employees. Findings reveal the importance of recognizing age diversity among both young and old employees. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maintaining a focus on opportunities at work: The interplay between age, job complexity, and the use of selection, optimization, and compensation strategies
Authors: Zacher Hannes , Frese Michael 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe concept of focus on opportunities describes how many new goals, options, and possibilities employees believe to have in their personal future at work. This study investigated the specific and shared effects of age, job complexity, and the use of successful aging strategies called selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) in predicting focus on opportunities. Results of data collected from 133 employees of one company (mean age = 38 years, SD = 13, range 16–65 years) showed that age was negatively, and job complexity and use of SOC strategies were positively related to focus on opportunities. In addition, older employees in high‐complexity jobs and older employees in low‐complexity jobs with high use of SOC strategies were better able to maintain a focus on opportunities than older employees in low‐complexity jobs with low use of SOC strategies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of shriveling on berry composition and antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes from Shanxi vineyards
Authors: Fang Yulin , Meng Jiangfei , Zhang Ang , Liu Jinchuan , Xu Tengfei , Yu Weilong , Chen Shuxia , Li Hua , Zhang Zhenwen , Wang Hua 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Berry shrivel (BS), a berry development disorder, appears soon after veraison. It occurs worldwide and affects the quality of grape berries and wine. However, it had not been reported in China until recently. This study aimed to investigate the changes in berry composition and antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes from Xiangning Valley, Shanxi Province, China, during BS.RESULTS: Shrinkage contributed to an increase in the concentration of basic grape ingredients such as sugar and acid. An appropriate degree of shrinkage was apparently helpful in improving the phenolic content and increasing the antioxidant activity, but the berries that continued to shrivel showed a low antioxidant activity. Further, the results indicated distinct differences between the berries harvested from the southern side of the canopy and those harvested from the northern side, presumably due to variations in sunlight exposure.CONCLUSION: Moderate BS was beneficial since it increased berry quality and antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes from Shanxi vineyards. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
A minimal energy control problem for second‐order linear hyperbolic systems with two independent variables
Authors: Hasanov K. K. , Gasumov T. M. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we investigate controllability and minimal energy optimal control for Goursat–Darboux problem for the second‐order linear hyperbolic systems with two independent variables. The equation describes a relation between functions u: D→ℝm and z: D→ℝn. We get an integral representation of the Goursat–Darboux problem by means of Riemann's matrix. The first half of the paper considers conditions under which there exists a control u for which the solution z of dynamics satisfies z(x1, y1) = p for any given p. The studied problem is reduced to the moments problem. The optimal control was found in a closed analytic form. Further, degeneracy of the matrix constructed by means of Riemann's matrix is shown to be a necessary and sufficient condition of controllability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unveiling the molecular pathogenesis of chordoma: a new paradigm for molecular targeting of rare cancers
Authors: Dei Tos Angelo Paolo 
Published: January 2011

Abstract‘Chordoma’ represents orphan sarcoma subtypes in which systemic treatments have so far proved ineffective. Two original papers in the Journal of Pathology have recently elucidated important steps of its molecular oncogenesis. The demonstration of gains of copy number of both T (brachyury homologue) and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) genes in chordoma, as well as of their role in promoting cell proliferation, offers a strong preclinical rationale for exploring the inhibition of their products as a credible therapeutic strategy. When dealing with rare cancers, clinical trials based on a frequency‐based statistical methodology are hardly feasible. To override the limitations of rarity, the clinical community is suggesting the adoption of a Bayesian methodology. The success of innovative clinical trials strongly depends upon the availability of preclinical evidences of efficacy. The papers discussed herein represent good examples of what is actually needed to set up a solid prior probability. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subtype‐specific mutation of PPP2R1A in endometrial and ovarian carcinomas
Authors: McConechy Melissa K , Anglesio Michael S , Kalloger Steve E , Yang Winnie , Senz Janine , Chow Christine , Heravi‐Moussavi Alireza , Morin Gregg B , Mes‐Masson Anne‐Marie ,   Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Carey Mark S , McAlpine Jessica N , Kwon Janice S , Prentice Leah M , Boyd Niki , Shah Sohrab P , Gilks C. Blake , Huntsman David G 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPPP2R1A mutations have recently been described in 3/42 (7%) of clear cell carcinomas of the ovary. PPP2R1A encodes the α‐isoform of the scaffolding subunit of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) holoenzyme. This putative tumour suppressor complex is involved in growth and survival pathways. Through targeted sequencing of PPP2R1A, we identified somatic missense mutations in 40.8% (20/49) of high‐grade serous endometrial tumours, and 5.0% (3/60) of endometrial endometrioid carcinomas. Mutations were also identified in ovarian tumours at lower frequencies: 12.2% (5/41) of endometrioid and 4.1% (2/49) of clear cell carcinomas. No mutations were found in 50 high‐grade and 12 low‐grade serous carcinomas. Amino acid residues affected by these mutations are highly conserved across species and are involved in direct interactions with regulatory B‐subunits of the PP2A holoenzyme. PPP2R1A mutations in endometrial high‐grade serous carcinomas are a frequent and potentially targetable feature of this disease. The finding of frequent PPP2R1A mutations in high‐grade serous carcinoma of the endometrium but not in high‐grade serous carcinoma of the ovary provides clear genetic evidence that these are distinct diseases. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditional β1‐integrin‐deficient mice display impaired pancreatic β cell function
Authors: Riopel M. , Krishnamurthy M. , Li J. , Liu S. , Leask A. , Wang R. 
Published: January 2011

Abstractβ1‐Integrin, a critical regulator of β cell survival and function, has been shown to protect against cell death and promote insulin expression and secretion in rat and human islet cells in vitro. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the knockout of β1‐integrin in collagen I‐producing cells would have physiological and functional implications in pancreatic endocrine cells in vivo. Using adult mice with a conditional knockout of β1‐integrin in collagen I‐producing cells, the effects of β1‐integrin deficiency on glucose metabolism and pancreatic endocrine cells were examined. Male β1‐integrin‐deficient mice display impaired glucose tolerance, with a significant reduction in pancreatic insulin content (p < 0.01). Morphometric analysis revealed a significant reduction in β cell mass (p < 0.001) in β1‐integrin‐deficient mice, along with a significant decrease in β cell proliferation, Pdx‐1 and Nkx6.1 expression when compared with controls. Interestingly, these physiological and morphometric alterations in female β1‐integrin‐deficient mice were less significant. Furthermore, β1‐integrin‐deficient mice displayed decreased FAK (p < 0.05) and ERK1/2 (p < 0.001) phosphorylation, reduced cyclin D1 levels (p < 0.001) and increased caspase 3 cleavage (p < 0.01), while no changes in Akt phosphorylation were observed, indicating that the β1‐integrin signals through the FAK–MAPK–ERK pathway in vivo. Our results demonstrate that β1‐integrin is involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and contributes to the maintenance of β cell survival and function in vivo. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prominent expression of sialyl Lewis X‐capped core 2‐branched O‐glycans on high endothelial venule‐like vessels in gastric MALT lymphoma
Authors: Kobayashi Motohiro , Mitoma Junya , Hoshino Hitomi , Yu Shin‐Yi , Shimojo Yasuyo , Suzawa Kenichi , Khoo Kay‐Hooi , Fukuda Minoru , Nakayama Jun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHigh endothelial venule (HEV)‐like vessels have been observed in gastric B cell lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue type (MALT lymphoma), as well as in its preceding lesion, chronic Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Previously we reported that glycans on HEV‐like vessels in the latter lesion served as L‐selectin ligands, although their function is unclear. We have investigated sialyl Lewis X (sLeX)‐related glycoepitopes and found that MECA‐79−/HECA‐452+/NCC‐ST‐439+ HEV‐like vessels preferentially mark gastric MALT lymphoma compared to chronic H. pylori gastritis. We then constructed CHO cell lines expressing potential MECA‐79−/HECA‐452+/NCC‐ST‐439+ glycans, as well as other sLeX‐type glycans, on CD34 and evaluated L‐selectin binding to those cells, using L‐selectin–IgM chimera binding and lymphocyte adhesion assays. L‐selectin–IgM chimeras bound to CHO cells expressing 6‐sulpho‐sLeX attached to core 2‐branched O‐glycans with or without 6‐sulpho‐sLeX attached to extended core 1 O‐glycans, but only marginally to other CHO cell lines. By contrast, CHO cells expressing 6‐sulpho‐sLeX attached to extended core 1 and/or core 2‐branched O‐glycans, as well as non‐sulphated sLeX attached to core 2‐branched O‐glycans, showed substantial lymphocyte binding, while binding was negligible on lines expressing 6‐sulpho‐ and non‐sulphated sLeX attached to N‐glycans and non‐sulphated sLeX attached to extended core 1 O‐glycans. These results indicate that MECA‐79−/HECA‐452+/NCC‐ST‐439+ glycans, specifically, 6‐sulpho‐ and non‐sulphated sLeXs attached to core 2‐branched O‐glycans, expressed on HEV‐like vessels in gastric MALT lymphoma function as L‐selectin ligands and likely contribute to H. pylori‐specific T cell recruitment in the progression of gastric MALT lymphoma. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatic artery Doppler in trisomy 21 and euploid fetuses at 11–13 weeks
Authors: Zvanca Mona , Gielchinsky Yuval , Abdeljawad Firas , Bilardo Caterina M. , Nicolaides Kypros H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine possible differences in hepatic artery flow between trisomy 21 and euploid fetuses at 11–13 weeks' gestation.MethodsHepatic artery pulsatility index (PI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) were measured in fetuses at low risk of aneuploidies (n = 350) and another group at high risk, including 283 euploid and 47 with trisomy 21. The association of hepatic artery PI and PSV with trisomy 21, fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness, tricuspid regurgitation, and reversed a‐wave in the ductus venosus was investigated.ResultsIn the low‐risk group, the median hepatic artery PSV was 10.0 cm/s and the 95th centile was 14.3 cm/s. The distribution of hepatic artery PI was skewed, but for PI of 2 or more the distribution was Gaussian. In 325 (92.9%) cases, the PI was 2 or more (high PI) and in 25 (7.1%) it was below 2 (low PI). In 33 (70.2%) of the trisomy 21 pregnancies, the PSV was above the 95th centile and the PI was below 2. Multiple regression analysis showed that in the prediction of hepatic artery PSV there were significant contributions from fetal karyotype, tricuspid regurgitation, and reversed a‐wave in the ductus venosus, but not delta NT, pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A, or free β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin.ConclusionTrisomy 21 at 11–13 weeks is associated with increased flow in the hepatic artery. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early prenatal diagnosis of skeletal anomalies
Authors: Khalil Asma , Pajkrt Eva , Chitty Lyn S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo review experience of early prenatal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias, and to explore diagnostic accuracy and improve management.MethodsA retrospective review of fetal medicine unit (FMU) records was performed to identify cases where a skeletal dysplasia was suspected by 14 weeks' gestation. A literature review was undertaken to ascertain cases with a diagnosis of a skeletal dysplasia in the late first or early second trimester.ResultsFifteen cases were identified from review of FMU records, including ten different dysplasias with a variety of inheritance patterns. Accurate prenatal diagnosis was made only in cases with a positive family history, and in one case each of thanatophoric dysplasia and Roberts syndrome. Review of the literature identified further cases. Increased nuchal translucency was reported in other cases subsequently diagnosed as having a skeletal dysplasia. In early pregnancy, common presenting features included short femora, abnormal skull shape and mineralisation, profile or chest.ConclusionIncreasing use of first‐trimester combined screening for Down's syndrome, with or without detailed anomaly scanning, will result in early detection of more skeletal dysplasias. Parents must be made aware that detailed postnatal pathological and radiological examination is usually required for accurate diagnosis and prediction of recurrence risks. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐trimester screening: dealing with the fall‐out
Authors: Fisher Jane 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe articles collected together in this issue describe first‐trimester screening for a variety of complications. With the advance of both technology and research, early pregnancy screening is becoming ever more sophisticated and complex. While there are clear benefits to most women receiving early reassurance that their baby is developing as expected, there is no evidence to suggest that an earlier prenatal diagnosis has less long‐term emotional impact than at later gestations. The poignancy of ultrasound images for many parents means that it can be especially difficult to manage the anxiety when an ultrasound marker is highlighted as potential cause for concern. They can then face a journey of anxiety‐laden uncertainty, which can extend through much of the pregnancy, and even beyond. Professionals involved in screening need to recognise and acknowledge such adverse side‐effects and develop the skills necessary to help parents understand and cope with the uncertainties inherent in the process. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From irradiance to output power fluctuations: the PV plant as a low pass filter
Authors: Marcos Javier , Marroyo Luis , Lorenzo Eduardo , Alvira David , Izco Eloisa 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe power generated by large grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) plants depends greatly on the solar irradiance. This paper studies the effects of the solar irradiance variability analyzing experimental 1‐s data collected throughout a year at six PV plants, totaling 18 MWp. Each PV plant was modeled as a first order filter function based on an analysis in the frequency domain of the irradiance data and the output power signals. An empiric expression which relates the filter parameters and the PV plant size has been proposed. This simple model has been successfully validated precisely determining the daily maximum output power fluctuation from incident irradiance measurements. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High efficiency low temperature grown Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells on flexible substrates using NaF precursor layers
Authors: Caballero Raquel , Kaufmann Christian A. , Eisenbarth Tobias , Unold Thomas , Klenk Reiner , Schock Hans‐Werner 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe report a total‐area efficiency of 15.9% for flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells on polyimide foil (cell area 0.95 cm2). The absorber layer was grown by a multi‐stage deposition process at a maximum nominal process temperature of 420°C. The Na was added via evaporation of a NaF layer prior to the absorber deposition leading to an enhanced Voc and FF. Growth conditions and device characterization are described. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative study on life cycle analysis of 20 different PV modules installed at the Hokuto mega‐solar plant
Authors: Ito Masakazu , Kudo Mitsuru , Nagura Masashi , Kurokawa Kosuke 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify a suitable type of mega‐solar system from an environmental viewpoint. The authors evaluated six types of 20 different PV modules by life cycle analysis (LCA) with actual equipment data and output. The types were single crystal silicon (sc‐Si), amorphous silicon (a‐Si)/sc‐Si, multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si), a‐Si, microcrystalline silicon (µc‐Si)/a‐Si and CIS. The boundaries of LCA were from the mining stage to that of waste management. Mining, manufacturing and waste management information was taken from an LCA database, while data on transport, construction and amounts of equipment were obtained from actual systems. Since the irradiation figures and electricity output were also actual data, we could avoid the difficulties of making assumptions for values such as the actual output power of thin films. In addition, installation at a single plant provided suitable conditions for comparing PV systems.The results showed an energy requirement ranging from 19 to 48 GJ/kW and an energy payback time of between 1.4 and 3.8 years. CO2 emissions were from 1.3 to 2.7 t‐CO2/kW, and CO2 emission rates ranged from 31 to 67 g‐CO2/kWh. The multicrystalline (mc‐Si) and CIS types showed good results because mc‐Si and CIS PV modules have high efficiency and a lower energy requirement. In particular, the CIS module generated more electricity than expected with catalogue efficiency. The single crystal silicon PV module did not produce good results because, considering their energy requirement, installed sc‐Si PV modules do not have high efficiency. However, the operation data used covered only 1 year; data from a longer period should be collected to obtain long‐term irradiation figures and clarify degradation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re‐investigation of preferential orientation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2thin films grown by the three‐stage process
Authors: Couzinié‐Devy F. , Barreau N. , Kessler J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe present contribution deals with the rather longstanding issue of the preferential orientation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2polycrystalline thin films. We investigate both the influence of the growth process parameters and that of the presence of Na on the competition between [112] and [220] orientations. The influence of the presence of Na is studied through the comparison of CIGSe layers co‐evaporated on our laboratory standard Mo‐coated soda lime glass (SLG/Mo) and on substrates with a sodium diffusion barrier (SLG/barrier/Mo); the process dependence of the orientation is evaluated through the comparison of films grown by the standard bithermal three‐stage (400–630°C) and the derived isothermal three‐stage process (620°C). For all the process/substrate combinations, the properties of the films (preferential orientation, grain size and morphology) have been determined at key steps of the growth. From these experimental results, it can be concluded that, as already suggested in the literature, the final layer orientation is strongly related to the texturation of the (In,Ga)2Se3precursor; however, the amount of Na available when the film becomes Cu‐rich (recrystallization at the end of the 2nd‐stage) can also strongly impact the film orientation. Such a phenomenon is herein interpreted by mean of the grain boundary migration model of recrystallization. In agreement with this new interpretation of the experimental data, processes have been designed in order to grow [220] textured CIGSe layers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.