bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant use of liquid alginate suspension for post‐tonsillectomy morbidity: Double‐blind randomized clinical trial of efficacy
Authors: Yener Murat , Gultekin Erdogan , Ozdemir Ismail 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of liquid alginate suspension in alleviating post‐tonsillectomy morbidity in adult patients.MethodsA prospective, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study comparing the effect of liquid alginate suspension with placebo was performed on 40 patients who underwent tonsillectomy at Derince State Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey. The patients were randomly chosen, and each used liquid alginate suspension four times daily or a placebo solution at the same regimen. Tonsillectomy was performed under general anesthesia by cold dissection and suture ligation. Patients were examined at postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 7 for healing, instructed to note the amount of analgesics used, and asked to mark the visual analog score of throat pain every day for a week.ResultsThe study group had statistically significant lower pain scores at day 2 (P = 0.03). Study group required less analgesic than the control group during the study period, but the difference was statistically different only on day 2 (P = 0.003) day. Healing was statistically significant on day 5 (P = 0.03) in the study group.ConclusionUse of the antireflux suspensions in patients undergoing tonsillectomy may be effective in reducing postoperative morbidity in adjunct with classic analgesics.
Development of an immunobinding dot-blot assay as an alternative for the serodiagnosis of human cysticercosis
Authors: Hernández-Cruz E. , González-Cabriales J.J. , Ordaz-Pichardo C. , de la Cruz-Hernández N.I. , Flores-Gutiérrez G.H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn immunobinding dot-blot assay (DBA) was developed on nitrocellulose paper for the serodiagnosis of human cysticercosis, using Cysticercus cellulosae as antigen. The DBA had an immunological sensitivity of 0.08 mg of antigen protein/ml; however, it showed cross-reactions with antigens of adult Taenia solium and Echinococcus granulosus, but not with Toxoplasma gondii and Entamoeba histolytica antigens. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used as the gold standard for obtaining the diagnostic validity of the DBA, giving 84.61%, 100.00%, 100.00% and 97.98% for epidemiological sensitivity, epidemiological specificity and positive and negative predictive values, respectively. There were no statistical differences between the two tests (P < 0.05, kappa = 0.907). This study showed that DBA is an alternative method for the serodiagnosis of human cysticercosis.
Lower bounds for derivatives of solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Biryuk Andrei 
Published: March 2009

The main goal of this paper is to obtain the lower boundsfor solutions uν of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with small viscosity ν. We also discuss the application of the above estimate to the theory of turbulence. Namely, we are interested in time-averaged lower bounds, which are important in establishing upper bounds for the turbulent space-scale.
A non-existence result for nonlinear parabolic equations with singular measures as data
Authors: Petitta Francesco 
Published: March 2009

In this paper we prove a non-existence result for nonlinear parabolic problems with zero lower-order terms whose model iswhere Δp=div(|∇u|p−2∇u) is the usual p-laplace operator, λ is measure concentrated on a set of zero parabolic r-capacity (1<p<r) and q is large enough.
On the number of interior peaks of solutions to a non-autonomous singularly perturbed Neumann problem
Authors: Zhao Chunyi 
Published: March 2009

We study the following non-autonomous singularly perturbed Neumann problem:where the index p is subcritical and a(x) is a positive smooth function in . We show that, given ε small enough, there exists a K(ε) such that, for any positive integer K ≤ K(ε), there always exists a solution with K interior peaks concentrating at a strict sth-order local minimum point of a.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS, THE OBESITY SOCIETY, AND AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR METABOLIC & BARIATRIC SURGERY MEDICAL GUIDELINES FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE FOR THE PERIOPERATIVE NUTRITIONAL, METABOLIC, AND NONSURGICAL SUPPORT OF THE BARIATRIC SURGERY PATIENT
Authors: Mechanick Jeffrey I. , Kushner Robert F. , Sugerman Harvey J. , Gonzalez‐Campoy J. Michael , Collazo‐Clavell Maria L. , Spitz Adam F. , Apovian Caroline M. , Livingston Edward H. , Brolin Robert , Sarwer David B. , Anderson Wendy A. , Dixon John 
Published: March 2009

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, The Obesity Society, and American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice are systematically developed statements to assist health‐care professionals in medical decision making for specific clinical conditions. Most of the content herein is based on literature reviews. In areas of uncertainty, professional judgment was applied.These guidelines are a working document that reflects the state of the field at the time of publication. Because rapid changes in this area are expected, periodic revisions are inevitable. We encourage medical professionals to use this information in conjunction with their best clinical judgment. The presented recommendations may not be appropriate in all situations. Any decision by practitioners to apply these guidelines must be made in light of local resources and individual patient circumstances.The American Society for Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition fully endorses sections of these guidelines that address the metabolic and nutritional management of the bariatric surgical patient.
Pseudo-Outbreak ofLegionella pneumophilaSerogroup 8 Infection Associated With a Contaminated Ice Machine in a Bronchoscopy Suite
Authors: Schuetz A. N. , Hughes R. L. , Howard R. M. , Williams T. C. , Nolte F. S. , Jackson D. , Ribner B. S. 
Published: March 2009

Objective.To investigate the marked increase noted over an 8-month period in the number ofLegionella pneumophilaisolates recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens obtained during bronchoscopy in our healthcare system.Setting.Bronchoscopy suite that serves a 580-bed tertiary care center and a large, multisite, faculty practice plan with approximately 2 million outpatient visits per year.Methods.Cultures of environmental specimens from the bronchoscopy suite were performed, including samples from the air and water filters, bronchoscopes, and the ice machine, with the aim of identifyingLegionellaspecies. Specimens were filtered and acid-treated and then inoculated on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar. Serogrouping was performed on all isolates recovered from patient and environmental samples.Results.AUL. pneumophilaisolates recovered from patients were serogroup 8, a serogroup that is not usually recovered in our facility. An epidemiologic investigation of the bronchoscopy suite revealed the ice machine to be contaminated withL. pneumophilaserogroup 8. Patients were exposed to the organism as a result of a recently adopted practice in the bronchoscopy suite that involved directly immersing uncapped syringes of sterile saline in contaminated ice baths during the procedures. At least 1 patient was ill as a result of the pseudo-outbreak. Molecular typing of isolates recovered from patient and environmental samples revealed that the isolates were indistinguishable.Conclusions.Extensive cleaning of the ice machine and replacement of the machine's water filter ended the pseudo-outbreak. This episode emphasizes the importance of using aseptic technique when performing invasive procedures, such as bronchoscopies. It also demonstrates the importance of reviewing procedures in all patient areas to ensure compliance with facility policies for providing a safe patient environment.
A web application to perform linkage disequilibrium and linkage analyses on a computational grid
Authors: Hernández-Sánchez Jules , Grunchec Jean-Alain , Knott Sara 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Unravelling the genetic architecture of complex traits requires large amounts of data, sophisticated models and large computational resources. The lack of user-friendly software incorporating all these requisites is delaying progress in the analysis of complex traits.
Methods: Linkage disequilibrium and linkage analysis (LDLA) is a high-resolution gene mapping approach based on sophisticated mixed linear models, applicable to any population structure. LDLA can use population history information in addition to pedigree and molecular markers to decompose traits into genetic components. Analyses are distributed in parallel over a large public grid of computers in the UK.
Results: We have proven the performance of LDLA with analyses of simulated data. There are real gains in statistical power to detect quantitative trait loci when using historical information compared with traditional linkage analysis. Moreover, the use of a grid of computers significantly increases computational speed, hence allowing analyses that would have been prohibitive on a single computer.
Availability: The authors have implemented LDLA within the freely available GridQTL software (www.gridqtl.org.uk).
Contact: jules.hernandez@ed.ac.uk
Ex situ target-strength measurements of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) in the coastal Northwest Pacific
Authors: Kang Donhyug , Cho Sungho , Lee Changwon , Myoung Jung-Goo , Na Jungyul 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Kang, D., Cho, S., Lee, C., Myoung, J-G. and Na, J. 2009. Ex situ target-strength measurements of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) in the coastal Northwest Pacific. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1219–1224. The Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) is an important species in regard to the fisheries and ecology of the coastal Northwest Pacific. Measurements of ex situ target strength (TS; dB re 1 m2) were made on live anchovy using 38, 120, and 200 kHz split-beam echosounders. The fish were tethered using small hooks attached to their mouths. During the acoustic measurements, an underwater video camera was used to continuously monitor fish behaviour and tilt-angle (θ). Data for 35 individual anchovy ranging from immature to adult sizes (total lengths LT = 4.8–12.2 cm) were analysed. Least-squares regression fits of TS vs. log(LT) were: TS38 kHz = 20 log(LT) − 65.8 (r2 = 0.82), TS120 kHz = 20 log(LT) − 68.4 (r2 = 0.84), and TS200 kHz = 20 log(LT) − 69.1 (r2 = 0.71). The LT vs. wet weight (W; g) relationship for these fish was W = 0.0036 LT3.204. The mean θ for anchovy swimming freely in a large seawater tank was 9.1° (s.d. = 13.1°). These ex situ measurements of TS, LT, W, and θ can be applied to improve acoustic estimates of Japanese anchovy biomass.
Depth as a potential driver of genetic structure of Sebastes mentella across the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Stefánsson Magnús Örn , Reinert Jákup , Sigurðsson Þorsteinn , Kristinsson Kristján , Nedreaas Kjell , Pampoulie Christophe 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStefánsson, M. Ö., Reinert, J., Sigurðsson, Þ., Kristinsson, K., Nedreaas, K., and Pampoulie, C. 2009. Depth as a potential driver of genetic structure of Sebastes mentella across the North Atlantic Ocean. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 680–690. A primary question that remains to be answered about the fishery for Sebastes mentella is whether it exploits several stocks within the North Atlantic Ocean. To address this issue, 1240 redfish were collected from several fishing grounds in late 2006 and early 2007 and genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci. Contemporary allele frequencies were compared with archived data to examine the temporal stability of the genetic structure. The analyses all revealed the presence of three genetically distinguishable clusters, which persisted throughout the study period, suggesting that the genetic structure detected is genuine. Cluster D included fish from the deep Irminger Sea and west Faroe Islands, and Cluster I included fish only from the Icelandic shelf. All other fish grouped in a third cluster (S). Further analyses revealed that the genetic pattern observed was not primarily attributable to isolation by distance, but rather to depth distribution.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases 3 and 6 Are Required for Full Priming of Stress Responses inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Beckers Gerold J.M. , Jaskiewicz Michal , Liu Yidong , Underwood William R. , He Sheng Yang , Zhang Shuqun , Conrath Uwe 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn plants and animals, induced resistance (IR) to biotic and abiotic stress is associated with priming of cells for faster and stronger activation of defense responses. It has been hypothesized that cell priming involves accumulation of latent signaling components that are not used until challenge exposure to stress. However, the identity of such signaling components has remained elusive. Here, we show that during development of chemically induced resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana, priming is associated with accumulation of mRNA and inactive proteins of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPKs), MPK3 and MPK6. Upon challenge exposure to biotic or abiotic stress, these two enzymes were more strongly activated in primed plants than in nonprimed plants. This elevated activation was linked to enhanced defense gene expression and development of IR. Strong elicitation of stress-induced MPK3 and MPK6 activity is also seen in the constitutive priming mutant edr1, while activity was attenuated in the priming-deficient npr1 mutant. Moreover, priming of defense gene expression and IR were lost or reduced in mpk3 or mpk6 mutants. Our findings argue that prestress deposition of the signaling components MPK3 and MPK6 is a critical step in priming plants for full induction of defense responses during IR.
Newly synthesized curcumin analog has improved potential to prevent colorectal carcinogenesis in vivo
Authors: Shibata Hiroyuki , Yamakoshi Hiroyuki , Sato Atsuko , Ohori Hisatsugu , Kakudo Yuichi , Kudo Chieko , Takahashi Yayoi , Watanabe Mika , Takano Hiroshi , Ishioka Chikashi , Noda Tetsuo , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu 
Published: March 2009

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) has chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potentials against various types of cancers. We have developed a series of curcumin analogs to improve its low bioavailability by enhancing its potentials. The newly synthesized analog GO‐Y030 [(1E, 4E)‐1,5‐bis‐(3,5(‐bismethoxymethoxyphenyl) penta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐one] showed a 30‐fold greater growth suppression in vitro via similar molecular mechanisms to curcumin. The availability of this analog was examined by using a mouse model harboring the germ‐line mutation of Apc, Apc580D/+, in vivo. Apc580D/+ mice had a very limited survival time with an intestinal obstruction due to polyposis. The average tumor number in mice fed GO‐Y030 was reduced to 61.2% of those that were fed the basal diet (P < 0.05). Compared with Apc580D/+ mice fed the basal diet (median survival time = 166.5 days), a significantly prolonged lifespan (213 days) was observed in Apc580D/+ mice fed GO‐Y030. The chemopreventive effect with GO‐Y030 was improved, compared with curcumin (191 days). The survival benefit corresponded to the diminished intestinal tumor incidence in Apc580D/+ mice fed GO‐Y030. No adverse reactions were observed, judging from body weight or biochemical data concerning liver and renal damage. Degradation of accumulated β‐catenin with curcumin is one of the major mechanisms of chemoprevention in colorectal carcinogenesis. It was demonstrated that the number of β‐catenin‐positive adenoma cells in Apc580D/+ mice fed GO‐Y030 was reduced. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 956–960)
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: A manifestation of lost cell polarity
Authors: Humar Bostjan , Guilford Parry 
Published: March 2009

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer is a cancer syndrome caused by germline mutations in the gene for the cell adhesion protein E‐cadherin (CDH1). E‐cadherin plays a central role in the maintenance of cell polarity and its loss during tumorigenesis is associated with poorly differentiated cancers and a poor prognosis. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer is dominated by diffuse‐type gastric adenocarcinoma, often with signet ring cell morphology. Large numbers of stage T1a signet ring cell carcinomas exist in the stomachs of CDH1 mutation carriers from a young age, and these foci sometimes show enrichment to the transition zone between the body and antrum. Generally these signet ring cell carcinomas are hypoproliferative, lack Wnt pathway activation, and are relatively indolent. However, a small proportion of the T1a foci contain cells that are poorly differentiated, display mesenchymal features, and express activated c‐Src and its downstream targets. These same features are observed in more advanced stages of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer progression, suggesting that an epithelial–mesenchymal transition is required for tumor invasion beyond the muscularis mucosae. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer initiation requires somatic down‐regulation of the second CDH1 allele, which in most cases is caused by DNA promoter hypermethylation. Subsequent to CDH1 down‐regulation, lost polarity in gastric stem or progenitor cells would be predicted to interfere with mitotic spindle orientation and the segregation of cell fate determinants. We predict that this disruption of cell division results in daughter cells being deposited in the lamina propria where their population expands and partially differentiates, resulting in the formation of foci of signet ring cells. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1151–1157)
Level of reactive oxygen species induced by p21WAF(1)/CIP(1) is critical for the determination of cell fate
Authors: Inoue Takafumi , Kato Kiyoko , Kato Hidenori , Asanoma Kazuo , Kuboyama Ayumi , Ueoka Yousuke , Yamaguchi Shin‐ichiro , Ohgami Tatsuhiro , Wake Norio 
Published: March 2009

p21WAF(1)/CIP(1) is a well‐known cell cycle regulatory protein which is overexpressed in several cancer cell lines, and known to determine cell fate. We generated three recombinant adenovirus vectors that expressed either the full‐length p21 (Ad‐p21F), a p21 mutant with a deletion of the C‐terminal proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) binding domain (Ad‐p21N), or a p21 mutant with a deletion of the N‐terminal cyclin‐dependent kinase binding domain (Ad‐p21C). We transfected these vectors into five cancer cell lines. Premature senescence was induced in all of the lines only following transfection with Ad‐p21N and Ad‐p21F. In addition, apoptosis was also induced in LoVo and HCT116 cells that harbored wild‐type p53 and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was higher than in senescent cells. Finally, the induction of apoptosis was inhibited by using siRNA to downregulate p53. This observation implies that there is a feedback signaling loop involving p21/ROS/p53 in apoptotic responses. It appears to be, at least in part, driven by high levels of p21 protein. Next, we investigated the cell death effect of endogenous p21 protein on cell fate using sodium butyrate (NaB). Treatment with 1 mM NaB or 2 to 5 mM NaB induced senescence or apoptosis, respectively. The level of intracellular ROS in 5 mM NaB treated cells was 2‐fold higher, compared with that in 1 mM NaB treated cells. We also demonstrated that DNA damage response signals including ataxia telangiectasia mutated, γH2AX, and p38 MAPK were involved in NaB‐induced cell death. The magnitude of intracellular ROS levels in response to p21 elicited either senescence or apoptosis in the cancer cell lines. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1275–1283)
Drug Burden Index and physical function in older Australian men
Authors: Gnjidic Danijela , Cumming Robert G. , Le Couteur David G. , Handelsman David J. , Naganathan Vasi , Abernethy Darrell R. , Hilmer Sarah N. 
Published: March 2009

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Inappropriate medication use is common among the elderly.• Use of medications with anticholinergic and sedative properties is associated with functional impairments in older people.• Exposure to anticholinergic and sedative medications, measured with Drug Burden Index that includes the principles of dose–response and maximal effect, was associated with impairment in physical and cognitive function in two studies of older people in the USA. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • We evaluated Drug Burden Index in an Australian population of community‐dwelling older men, The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project that enrolled a random sample of community‐dwelling men aged ≥70 years living in Sydney, Australia.• In this population, increasing Drug Burden Index was associated with objective impairments of physical performance and functional status.• The Drug Burden Index has broad applicability regardless of healthcare system, prescribing practices, gender or country.AIMSThis study evaluated the associations of physical performance and functional status measures with the Drug Burden Index in older Australian men. The Drug Burden Index is a measure of total exposure to anticholinergic and sedative medications that incorporates the principles of dose–response and maximal effect.METHODSA cross‐sectional survey was performed on community‐dwelling older men enrolled in The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project, Sydney, Australia. Outcomes included chair stands, walking speed over 6 m, 20‐cm narrow walk speed, balance, grip strength and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living score (IADLs).RESULTSThe study population consisted of 1705 men (age 76.9 ± 5.5 years). Of the 1527 (90%) participants who reported taking medications, 21% were exposed to anticholinergic and 13% to sedative drugs. The average Drug Burden Index in the study population was 0.18 ± 0.35. After adjusting for confounders (sociodemographics, comorbidities, cognitive impairment, depression), Drug Burden Index was associated with slower walking speed (P < 0.05), slower narrow walk speed (P < 0.05), balance difficulty (P < 0.01), grip weakness (P < 0.01) and poorer performance on IADLs (P < 0.05). Associations with physical performance and function were stronger for the sedative than for the anticholinergic component of the Drug Burden Index.CONCLUSIONSHigher Drug Burden Index is associated with poorer physical performance and functional status in community‐dwelling older Australian men. The Drug Burden Index has broad applicability as a tool for assessing the impact of medications on functions that determine independence in older people.