bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notes on Two Incisalia Types (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)
Authors: dos Passos Cyril F. 
Published: January 2010

Incisalia hadros Cook and Watson, and Incisalia Henrici, G. & R., new variety, solatus Cook and Watson, were described in The Canadian Entomologist, 1909, volume 41, pages 181-182.In the description of hadros it was stated that the types (♂ and ♀) and two paratypes (♂ and ♀) would be sent to the United States National Museum. The description of solatus did not mention the disposition of the types.
The Direction of Plasma Membrane Exchange between Lymphocytes and Accessory Cells by Trogocytosis Is Influenced by the Nature of the Accessory Cell
Authors: Daubeuf Sandrine , Lindorfer Margaret A. , Taylor Ronald P. , Joly Etienne , Hudrisier Denis 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Exchange of plasma membrane fragments, including cell-surface proteins and lipids, in conjugates formed between lymphocytes and their cellular partners is a field of intense investigation. Apart from its natural occurrence during Ag recognition, the process of membrane transfer can be triggered in experimental or therapeutic settings when lymphocytes targeted by Abs are conjugated to FcγR-expressing accessory cells. The direction of membrane capture (i.e., which of the two cells is going to donate or accept plasma membrane fragments) can have important functional consequences, such as insensitivity of tumor cells to treatment by therapeutic mAbs. This effect, called antigenic modulation or shaving, occurs as a result of a process in which the FcγR-expressing cells remove the mAb and its target protein from the tumor cells. We therefore analyzed this process in conjugates formed between various FcγR-expressing cells and a series of normal or tumor T and B cells opsonized with different Abs capable of triggering membrane exchange (including the therapeutic Ab rituximab). Our results show that the direction of membrane capture is dictated by the identity of the FcγR-expressing cell, much more so than the type of lymphocyte or the Ab used. We found that monocytes and macrophages are prone to be involved in bidirectional trogocytosis with opsonized target cells, a process they can perform in parallel to phagocytosis. Our observations open new perspectives to understand the mechanisms involved in trogocytosis and may contribute to optimization of Ab-based immunotherapeutic approaches.
A Novel Active Mouse Model for Bullous Pemphigoid Targeting Humanized Pathogenic Antigen
Authors: Ujiie Hideyuki , Shibaki Akihiko , Nishie Wataru , Sawamura Daisuke , Wang Gang , Tateishi Yasuki , Li Qiang , Moriuchi Reine , Qiao Hongjiang , Nakamura Hideki , Akiyama Masashi , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP), the most common autoimmune blistering disease, is caused by autoantibodies against type XVII collagen (COL17). To establish an active stable BP animal model that demonstrates the persistent inflammatory skin lesions initiated by the anti-human COL17 Abs, we used COL17-humanized (COL17m−/−,h+) mice that we recently produced. First, we generated immunodeficient Rag-2−/−/COL17–humanized mice by crossing Rag-2−/− mice with COL17-humanized mice. Then, splenocytes from wild-type mice that had been immunized by grafting of human COL17-transgenic mouse skin were transferred into Rag-2−/−/COL17–humanized mice. The recipient mice continuously produced anti-human COL17 IgG Abs in vivo and developed blisters and erosions corresponding to clinical, histological, and immunopathological features of BP, although eosinophil infiltration, one of the characteristic histological findings observed in BP patients, was not detected in the recipients. Although the depletion of CD8+ T cells from the immunized splenocytes was found to produce no effects in the recipients, the depletion of CD4+ T cells as well as CD45R+ B cells was found to inhibit the production of anti-human COL17 IgG Abs in the recipients, resulting in no apparent clinical phenotype. Furthermore, we demonstrated that cyclosporin A significantly suppressed the production of anti-human COL17 IgG Abs and prevented the development of the BP phenotype in the treated recipients. Although this model in an immunodeficient mouse does not exactly reproduce the induction mechanism of BP in human patients, this unique experimental system targeting humanized pathogenic Ag allows us to investigate ongoing autoimmune responses to human molecules in experimental animal models.
Water‐Soluble Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters
Authors: Xu Hangxun , Suslick Kenneth S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAg nanoclusters consist of several to roughly a hundred atoms and possess sizes comparable to the Fermi wavelength of electrons; they exhibit molecule‐like properties, including discrete electronic transitions and strong fluorescence. These nanoclusters are of significant interest because they provide the bridge between atomic and nanoparticle behavior in noble metals. Since the first observations of photoluminescence from Ag nanoclusters, substantial effort has been made to prepare Ag nanoclusters and explore their potential applications. The synthesis of well‐defined Ag nanoclusters, however, is difficult due to aggregation of nanoclusters, especially in aqueous solutions. In this Research News article, we highlight some recent progress on solution‐based synthesis of water‐soluble Ag nanoclusters using radiolytic, chemical reduction and photochemical approaches to prepare fluorescent Ag nanoclusters.
Study on factors influencing stagnation point offset of turbulent opposed jets
Authors: Li Wei‐Feng , Yao Tian‐Liang , Wang Fu‐Chen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTurbulent opposed jets were experimentally studied by the hot‐wire anemometer measurement, the smoke‐wire flow visualization, and the CFD simulation at L = 1−20D (where L is the nozzle separation and D is the nozzle diameter) and Re > 4500. The instability pattern of turbulent opposed jets was identified by investigating the smoke‐wire photos recorded by a high‐speed camera. The factors affecting stagnation point offset, such as the bulk velocity, the velocity profile, and the turbulence intensity at the nozzle exits were investigated. Results show that the stagnation point offset is the main instability regime of turbulent opposed jets. Uniform exit velocity profile and increasing exit turbulence intensity will decrease the stagnation point offset of turbulent opposed jets. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Surveillance of occupational health disparities: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Souza Kerry , Steege Andrea L. , Baron Sherry L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIncreasingly, the occupational health community is turning its attention to the effects of work on previously underserved populations, and researchers have identified many examples of disparities in occupational health outcomes. However, the occupational health status of some underserved worker populations is not described due to limitations in existing surveillance systems. As such, the occupational health community has identified the need to enhance and improve occupational health surveillance to describe the nature and extent of disparities in occupational illnesses and injuries (including fatalities), identify priorities for research and intervention, and evaluate trends. This report summarizes the data sources and methods discussed at an April 2008 workshop organized by NIOSH on the topic of improving surveillance for occupational health disparities. We discuss the capability of existing occupational health surveillance systems to document occupational health disparities and to provide surveillance data on minority and other underserved communities. Use of administrative data, secondary data analysis, and the development of targeted surveillance systems for occupational health surveillance are also discussed. Identifying and reducing occupational health disparities is one of NIOSH's priority areas under the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA). Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:84–94 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increasing the impact of conservation projects
Authors: Dietz Lou Ann , Brown Marcia , Swaminathan Vinaya 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTo assure a future for endangered primates and many other species, we must develop and carry out projects for their conservation as quickly and effectively as possible, even with only limited information about the complex systems of biological, political, social, economic, and cultural factors influencing the conservation situation. Adaptive management, defined as the integration of design, management, and monitoring to systematically test assumptions to learn and adapt, provides practitioners a method for improving strategies to achieve and sustain the desired conservation impact. The Conservation Measures Partnership, a joint venture of conservation NGOs, developed the Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation, a freely available framework that guides practitioners through implementation of best conservation practices. Using this process, project teams are explicit about the assumptions behind the strategies they choose, and thus able to trace their successes and failures back to good or poor theory, implementation, or a combination of the two. The Open Standards comprise five steps that constitute the project management cycle: (1) Conceptualize what you will achieve in the context of where you are working—involves defining your project team, scope, vision, conservation targets, critical threats, and analyzing the situation; (2) Plan your actions and monitoring—involves developing an action plan including goals, strategies, assumptions, objectives, and activities; a monitoring plan including indicators for measuring the status of goals, objectives, and assumptions; and an operational plan specifying the resources needed; (3) Implement your actions and monitoring—includes developing and implementing detailed work plans and ensuring sufficient resources, capacity, and partners; (4) Analyze, use, and adapt—involves managing monitoring data, regular analysis to convert them to useful information, and adapting the project plans accordingly; and (5) Capture and share learning—involves sharing lessons with key external and internal audiences to promote a learning culture. Am. J. Primatol. 72:425–440, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of the KIR3DS1*013 and KIR3DL1*004 alleles with susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Díaz‐Peña Roberto , Vidal‐Castiñeira Jose Ramón , Alonso‐Arias Rebeca , Suarez‐Alvarez Beatriz , Vicario Jose Luis , Solana Rafael , Collantes Eduardo , López‐Vázquez Antonio , Martínez‐Borra Jesús , López‐Larrea Carlos 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) form a group of regulatory molecules that specifically recognize HLA class I molecules. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible contribution of the KIR3DL1 and KIR3DS1 alleles, in addition to HLA–B27, in the susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in a population of individuals from Spain.MethodsWe genotyped the KIR3DS1 and KIR3DL1 alleles in 2 cohorts of patients with AS and healthy control subjects. In total, 270 patients with AS and 435 healthy, HLA–B27–positive matched control subjects from Spain were enrolled. The KIR3DS1 and KIR3DL1 alleles were genotyped by sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probe–polymerase chain reaction, and their association with AS was analyzed. All individuals were typed for HLA–B.ResultsThe KIR3DS1*013 allele was solely responsible for the increased frequency of the activator receptor KIR3DS1 in patients with AS compared with healthy HLA–B27–positive control subjects (35.7% versus 22.6% [P = 10−6], odds ratio 1.90, 95% confidence interval 1.50–2.40). The increased frequency of the KIR3DS1*013 allele in patients with AS was independent of the presence or absence of the HLA–Bw4I80 epitope. Moreover, the null allele KIR3DL1*004 was a unique inhibitory KIR3DL1 allele that showed a negative association with AS in the presence of HLA–Bw4I80.ConclusionThe increased frequency of the KIR3DS1*013 allele in patients with AS is clearly independent of the presence of the HLA–Bw4I80 epitope, whereas the presence of inhibitory allotypes such as KIR3DL1*004 demonstrated a negative association in patients with AS in the presence of HLA–Bw4I80. As a consequence, the influence of KIR genotypes on AS susceptibility would be mediated by a general imbalance between protective/inhibitory and risk/activating allotypes.
LY2439821, a humanized anti–interleukin‐17 monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A phase I randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Genovese M. C. , Van den Bosch F. , Roberson S. A. , Bojin S. , Biagini I. M. , Ryan Peter , Sloan‐Lancaster J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveWe undertook this study to evaluate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy of LY2439821, a humanized anti–interleukin‐17 (anti–IL‐17) monoclonal antibody, in a first in‐human trial in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients taking oral disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).MethodsThis randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study consisted of 2 parts. In part A, 20 patients received 1 intravenous (IV) dose of LY2439821 (0.06, 0.2, 0.6, or 2.0 mg/kg, escalating) or placebo followed by 8 weeks of evaluation. End points included safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics. In part B, 77 patients received 1 IV dose of LY2439821 (0.2, 0.6, or 2.0 mg/kg) or placebo every 2 weeks for a total of 5 doses, with a total evaluation period of 16 weeks. End points included safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and efficacy (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints [DAS28] and percentages of patients meeting American College of Rheumatology 20%, 50%, or 70% improvement criteria [achieving an ACR20, ACR50, or ACR70 response]). The primary efficacy end point was the DAS28 at week 10.ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar across all groups. Changes in the DAS28 were significantly greater in the 0.2 mg/kg, 2.0 mg/kg, and all‐LY2439821–combined groups (−2.3, −2.4, and −2.3, respectively) than in the placebo group (−1.7) at week 10 (P ≤ 0.05), and these differences were significant as early as week 1. Percentages of ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 responses as well as improvements in the ACR core set of measures were greater in LY2439821‐treated patients than in placebo‐treated patients at multiple time points. There was no apparent dose‐response relationship in treatment‐emergent adverse events.ConclusionLY2439821 added to oral DMARDs improved signs and symptoms of RA, with no strong adverse safety signal noted. This first evaluation of LY2439821 supports neutralization of IL‐17 as a potential novel goal for the treatment of RA.
An integrated molecular dynamics (MD) and experimental study of higher order human telomeric quadruplexes
Authors: Petraccone Luigi , Garbett Nichola C. , Chaires Jonathan B. , Trent John O. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractStructural knowledge of telomeric DNA is critical for understanding telomere biology and for the utilization of telomeric DNA as a therapeutic target. Very little is known about the structure of long human DNA sequences that may form more than one quadruplex unit. Here, we report a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and experimental biophysical studies to explore the structural and dynamic properties of the human telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)8TT that folds into two contiguous quadruplexes. Five higher order quadruplex models were built combining known single human telomeric quadruplex structures as unique building blocks. The biophysical properties of this sequence in K+ solution were experimentally investigated by means of analytical ultracentrifugation and UV spectroscopy. Additionally, the environments of loop adenines were probed by fluorescence studies using systematic single‐substitutions of 2‐aminopurine for the adenine bases. The comparison of the experimentally determined properties with the corresponding quantities predicted from the models allowed us to test the validity of each of the structural models. One model emerged whose properties are most consistent with the predictions, and which therefore is the most probable structure in solution. This structure features contiguous quadruplex units in an alternating hybrid‐1‐hybrid‐2 conformation with a highly ordered interface composed of loop residues from both quadruplexes © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93:533–548, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Contact and identity: The experience of ‘China goods’ in a Ghanaian marketplace
Authors: Liu Jing Jing 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe rise in Chinese traders and increased availability of low‐cost imported goods benefits consumers, challenges local African retailers and is a point of tension in local communities. China's presence in Africa has been largely discussed and analysed through a political economy perspective. The social impact in local communities has been documented anecdotally but has yet to be empirically studied. This study took place in Makola Market, Accra, Ghana, to investigate the emerging intergroup encounters between established Ghanaian traders and nascent Chinese traders. Photo‐elicited semi‐structured interviews were conducted to explore how their interrelated experiences shape their interpretative framework and inform the dialectic of contact and social identity. I draw on these interpretative frameworks to propose a new model of contact, the Tri‐relational Contact Model, to capture and highlight how people's experiences include contact relationships with not just each other, but also with their places of business and the goods of trade. The findings from this study empirically highlight the micro‐level impact of China's presence in Ghana and help re‐conceptualize the contact hypothesis through a new model of contact with greater analytical utility to explicate the relational nature of contact and social identity formation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytological clues in the distinction between phyllodes tumor and fibroadenoma
Authors: El Hag Imad A. , Aodah A. , Kollur S. M. , Attallah A. , Mohamed A. A. E. , Al‐Hussaini H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) sensitivity in discriminating between phyllodes tumor and its benign mimicker fibroadenoma (FA) remains low. Because a preoperative categorization of phyllodes tumor is crucial for their appropriate management, the authors undertook this study in an effort to improve the outcome of FNA by identifying reliable distinguishing features.METHODS:FNA smears from 15 and 12 histologically proven cases of phyllodes tumor and FA, respectively, were reviewed. The stromal and epithelial components were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. A group of cytological features that may distinguish between phyllodes tumor and FA were identified. Their value and reproducibility in categorizing phyllodes tumor cases were tested.RESULTS:Three major cytological features were exclusively seen in all of, or the vast majority of, the phyllodes tumor cases; fibromyxoid stromal fragments with spindle nuclei (90%), fibroblastic pavements (93%), and appreciable number of spindles cells of fibroblastic nature among dispersed cell population (100%). The identification of these features improved the pick‐up rate of phyllodes tumor from 40% to 100% and had substantial (κ = 0.56‐0.73) interobserver and almost perfect (κ = 0.83) intraobserver reproducibility. There was no significant difference in the epithelial component characteristics between phyllodes tumor and FA. The frequency and degree of atypia in the dispersed cell population correlated well to the histological grade of phyllodes tumor.CONCLUSIONS:FNA has proven to be a reliable test in differentiating between phyllodes tumor and FA with high sensitivity and good reproducibility. The importance of training and continuing education is emphasized. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Heterogeneous distribution of the serotonin 5‐HT1Areceptor mRNA in chemically identified neurons of the mouse rostral brainstem: Implications for the role of serotonin in the regulation of wakefulness and REM sleep
Authors: Bonnavion Patricia , Bernard Jean‐François , Hamon Michel , Adrien Joëlle , Fabre Veronique 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe 5‐HT1Areceptor (5‐HT1AR) plays a key role in the inhibitory influence of serotonin (5‐HT) on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in rodents. However, the neuronal networks mediating such influence are mostly unknown, notably in the mouse. This led us to map 5‐HT1AR mRNA, by in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH), and to characterize the neuronal phenotype of 5‐HT1AR mRNA‐positive neurons by dual ISHH and ISHH combined with immunohistochemistry, throughout the mouse rostral brainstem, a pivotal region for the generation of REM sleep and cortical activation. 5‐HT1AR mRNA was found in most 5‐HT neurons in the dorsal raphe (DR), the median raphe (MnR), the B9, and the interpeduncular (IP) nuclei. 5‐HT1AR mRNA‐positive neurons were also identified in individualized clusters of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons in the DR and in neurons of an undetermined phenotype in the MnR. In addition, 1) GABAergic neurons of the ventral portion of Gudden's dorsal tegmental nucleus (DTg), the IP, and the caudal portion of the deep mesencephalic nucleus (DpMe), and 2) glutamatergic neurons scattered in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC) and densely packed in the internal lateral parabrachial subnucleus (PBil) also expressed 5‐HT1AR mRNA. In contrast, no specific 5‐HT1AR‐related ISHH signal was generally detected in brainstem cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurons. These results emphasize the role of 5‐HT1AR as an autoreceptor and the phenotypical heterogeneity of 5‐HT1AR‐expressing neurons within the DR and the MnR in the mouse brain. They also provide a neuroanatomical basis for understanding the influence of 5‐HT1AR on REM sleep and wakefulness. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2744–2770, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of mice with a conditional null allele for Tbx2
Authors: Wakker Vincent , Brons Janynke F. , Aanhaanen Wim T.J. , van Roon Marian A. , Moorman Antoon F.M. , Christoffels Vincent M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe T‐box transcription factor Tbx2 plays important roles in patterning and development, and has been implicated in cell‐cycle regulation and cancer. Conventional disruption of Tbx2 results in abnormalities of the heart, limbs, eye and other structures, and early fetal lethality. To gain insight into the role of Tbx2 in different tissues and at different stages of development, we have generated a conditional null allele of Tbx2 by flanking Exon 2 with loxP sites (Tbx2fl2). Homozygous Tbx2fl2 mice are viable and fertile, indicating that the Tbx2fl2 allele is a fully functional Tbx2 allele. Cre‐mediated recombination, using a ubiquitously active CMV‐Cre line, results in deletion of Exon 2 and loss of protein expression. Embryos homozygous for the recombined allele (Tbx2Δ2) show the same heart and limb defects as conventional Tbx2‐deficient embryos. This Tbx2 conditional null allele will be a valuable tool to uncover tissue‐specific roles of Tbx2 in development and disease. genesis 48:195–199, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.