bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographically measured hyoid bone displacement during swallow in preschool children: A preliminary study
Authors: Scarborough D. R. , Waizenhofer Susan , Siekemeyer Leah , Hughes Michael 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurpose.This study explored normative parameters regarding maximum displacement of hyoid bone movement during spontaneous swallows using ultrasound (US) in a sample of healthy preschool children. We hypothesized that consistency and bolus size would influence hyoid movement, but gender would not be a factor.Methods.Parental questionnaire responses and sensorimotor examinations were utilized to determine subject eligibility. Subjects were presented randomized bolus volumes of thin liquids/puree via a spoon while the US probe was placed submentally in the midsagittal plane. Maximum hyoid bone displacement was determined following a frame‐by‐frame analysis of the US recording during spontaneous swallowing of discrete bolus sizes.Results.Twenty‐nine subjects produced 346 swallows that were subsequently analyzed. Significant findings (p < 0.05) included a gender effect with the smallest bolus of liquids presented. Bootstrap estimates based on our sample revealed that 99% of preschool children would present with hyoid bone displacement within 0.3 cm of our sample.Conclusions.Based on our early experience, we were able to observe and measure changes in hyoid bone position during swallowing in preschoolers, which may be gender related. More studies are needed to corroborate our findings. In addition, comparisons of maximum hyoid displacement are warranted in subjects that present with feeding delays. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 38:430–434, 2010
Differential proteomic profiling of chordomas and analysis of prognostic factors
Authors: Zhou Hua , Chen Chang‐bao , Lan Jie , Liu Chao , Liu Xiao‐guang , Jiang Liang , Wei Feng , Ma Qing‐jun , Dang Geng‐ting , Liu Zhong‐jun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe recurrence rate of chordoma is high, and the prognosis is poor.MethodsDifferential proteomic analysis was performed on chordomas and adjacent normal tissues, with verification by Western blot. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of 37 chordomas. Association of candidate protein expression with clinical parameters, disease‐free survival, and overall survival were analyzed.ResultsWe identified 14 up‐regulated and 5 down‐regulated proteins in chordomas. Expression of alpha enolase (ENO1), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and gp96 was higher in recurrences than in primary tumors. Univariate analysis showed that significantly adverse factors for disease‐free survival were overexpression of ENO1 and PKM2, involvement of contiguous vertebral levels, and inadequate surgical margin at initial surgery. Inadequate surgical margin without radiotherapy, involvement of contiguous vertebral levels, and cervical spine location were adverse factors for overall survival. By multivariate analysis, independent adverse prognostic factors were inadequate surgical margin and involvement of multiple contiguous vertebral levels for recurrence; upper cervical spine location and involvement of contiguous vertebral levels for tumor‐related death. Multivariate analysis failed to show the significance of the proteins.ConclusionsInvolvements of multiple contiguous vertebral levels and upper cervical spine, rather than overexpression of ENO1, PKM2, or gp96, are independent prognostic indicators for chordomas. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:720–727. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma in children and adolescents
Authors: Raval Mehul V. , Bilimoria Karl Y. , Bentrem David J. , Stewart Andrew K. , Ko Clifford Y. , Reynolds Marleta , Wayne Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundThough sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an integral component of melanoma staging, little is known about its use in children.MethodsPatients (0–18 years) with melanoma diagnosed from 2003 to 2007 in the National Cancer Data Base were assessed. Logistic regression models were used to identify clinicopathologic, socioeconomic, and hospital factors associated with SLNB use and lymph node metastases (LNM).ResultsOf 671 children, 68.7% underwent SLNB. SLNB utilization rates were 39.9% for T1a patients and 87.6% for T1b–T3 patients. T1b–T3 patients were more likely to undergo SLNB if they were older (OR 4.86 95% CI: 1.88–12.59) or cared for at Children's hospitals (OR 2.43 95% CI: 1.09–5.40). T1b–T3 patients were less likely to undergo SLNB if uninsured (OR 0.25 95% CI: 0.08–0.76). Of those with SLNB, 118 (25.6%) had pathologically confirmed LNM. Patients were more likely to have LNM if younger (OR 3.19 95% CI: 1.20–8.51) or having higher T stage (OR 10.38 95% CI: 4.59–23.47).ConclusionsSLNB use for children with melanoma was associated with clinicopathologic, socioeconomic, and hospital factors. Younger patients have a higher likelihood of LNM but are the least likely to undergo SLNB. Though overall adherence appears high, there remains an opportunity for improved care for children with melanoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:634–639. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk for Parkinson's disease among patients with osteoarthritis: A Danish cohort study
Authors: Rugbjerg Kathrine , Friis Søren , Jørgensen Thomas L. , Ritz Beate , Korbo Lise , Olsen Jørgen H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIt has been suggested that use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) protects against Parkinson's disease, although the results are not consistent. We investigated the risk for Parkinson's disease in patients with osteoarthritis, who are typically intensive users of NSAID. By using the files of the National Danish Hospital Register for the period 1977–2006, we identified a cohort of 134,176 patients with osteoarthritis severe enough to have required subsequent hip or knee implant surgery. The number of first hospital contacts for Parkinson's disease among cohort members in 1986–2007 was compared with that expected from the age‐, gender‐ and period‐specific hospital contact rates of the general Danish population, and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived. Cohort members were also linked to the Danish Cancer Register to estimate the SIRs for colorectal and lung cancer. We observed a slightly increased risk for Parkinson's disease among patients with osteoarthritis and subsequent implant surgery (SIR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.99–1.16). Decreased SIRs were found for both colorectal cancer (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.97), consistent with a high prevalence of NSAID use among cohort members, and lung cancer (0.77; 95% CI, 0.73–0.80), indicating a lower prevalence of smoking than usual. Our results do not support the hypothesis that patients with prolonged use of NSAID and other analgesics are at reduced risk for Parkinson's disease. A possible lower smoking prevalence among patients with osteoarthritis might explain the slightly increased risk for Parkinson's disease. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Sensory disinhibition on passive movement in cervical dystonia
Authors: Obermann Mark , Vollrath Clemens , de Greiff Armin , Gizewski Elke R. , Diener Hans‐Christoph , Hallett Mark , Maschke Matthias 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe relevance of the sensory system in the pathophysiology of cervical dystonia (CD) has been discussed since the description of sensory tricks associated with this disorder. Our objective was to locate changes in somatosensory processing of patients with CD responding in a passive sensory task of body regions that are not affected by dystonic symptoms. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 17 patients with CD and 17 healthy controls performing a strictly passive 30‐degree forearm movement task with the left arm. TSUI and TWSTRS rating scales were used for clinical assessment. All patients were treated with botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT‐A; Dysport®). Patients with CD showed BOLD‐signal increase in the contralateral primary and secondary sensory cortex, the cingulate cortex and cerebellum bilaterally compared to healthy controls. We found a strong positive correlation of this activation with BoNT‐A dosage in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and a negative correlation with the TWSTRS in that same region. The observed sensory overactivation suggests a general disinhibition of the somatosensory system in CD as it was not limited to the motor‐system or the direct neuronal representation of the affected dystonic musculature alone. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Electron emission by current injection from n‐type diamond film surface with negative electron affinity
Authors: Takeuchi D. , Makino T. , Kato H. , Hirabayashi I. , Okushi H. , Yamasaki S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe found current injection‐stimulated electron emission from n‐type diamond (001) surfaces with negative electron affinity (NEA) and band conduction, while no emission was observed from heavily phosphorous‐doped n+‐type diamond (111) surfaces with NEA and hopping conduction even though the injected current level was four to five orders of magnitude higher than that of the (001) case. Sweeping the potential of the collector electrode implies that electrons are emitted mainly from the positively biased electrode side, where the upward‐band bending should be reduced. These results support the intrinsic upward‐band bending model of the n‐type diamond surfaces with NEA, which was previously indicated by photoelectron emission experiments and theoretical prediction.
Boundary layers of the incompressible fluids for a permeable wall
Authors: Xie X. , Li C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this article, the aim is to study the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations with a permeable wall and derive the complete asymptotic expansion with respect to the kinematic viscosity ν. More precisely, we derive the physically uniform (in time and space) estimates of the boundary layers and prove that the asymptotic expansion is reasonable in uniform norm. This improves the results already obtained by R. Temam and X. Wang (2000, ZAMM, Volume 80 Issue 11–12, Pages 835–843).
Analytical and numerical aspects of time‐dependent models with internal variables
Authors: Gruber P. , Knees D. , Nesenenko S. , Thomas M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper some analytical and numerical aspects of time‐dependent models with internal variables are discussed. The focus lies on elasto/visco‐plastic models of monotone type arising in the theory of inelastic behavior of materials. This class of problems includes the classical models of elasto‐plasticity with hardening and viscous models of the Norton‐Hoff type. We discuss the existence theory for different models of monotone type, give an overview on spatial regularity results for solutions to such models and illustrate a numerical solution algorithm at an example. Finally, the relation to the energetic formulation for rate‐independent processes is explained and temporal regularity results based on different convexity assumptions are presented.
Worker demography in a large‐colony, swarm‐founding wasp
Authors: Kudô Kazuyuki , Koji Shinsaku , Mateus Sidnei , Zucchi Ronaldo , Tsuchida Koji 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNeotropical swarm‐founding wasps build nests enclosed in a covering envelope, which makes it difficult to count individual births and deaths. Thus, knowledge of worker demography is very limited for swarm‐founding species compared with that for independent‐founding species. In this study, we explored the worker demography of the swarm‐founding wasp Polybia paulista, the colony size of which usually exceeds several thousand adults. We considered each wasp colony as an open‐population and estimated the survival probability, recruitment rate, and population size of workers using the developments of the Cormack–Jolly–Seber model. We found that capture probability varied considerably among the workers, probably due to age polyethism and/or task specialization. The daily survival rate of workers was high (around 0.97) throughout the season and was not related to the phase of colony development. On the other hand, the recruitment rate ranged from 0 to 0.37, suggesting that worker production was substantially less important than worker survival in determining worker population fluctuations. When we compared survival rates among worker groups of one colony, the mean daily survival rate was lower for founding workers than for progeny workers and tended to be higher in progeny workers that emerged in winter. These differences in survivorship patterns among worker cohorts would be related to worker foraging activity and/or level of parasitism.
Persistent deNOx Ability of CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd)/TiO2-xN
y
Luminescent Photocatalyst
Authors: Li Huihui , Yin Shu , Sato Tsugio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd)/TiO2-xN
y
composite luminescent photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by a simple planetary ball milling process. Improvement of photocatalytic deNOx ability of TiO2-xN
y
, together with the persistent photocatalytic activity for the decomposition of NO after turning off the light were realized, by coupling TiO2-xN
y
with long afterglow phosphor, CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd). The novel persistent photocatalytic behavior was related to the overlap between the absorption wavelength of TiO2-xN
y
and the emission wavelength of the CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd). It was found that CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd)/TiO2-xN
y
composites provided the luminescence to persist photocatalytic reaction for more than 3 h after turning off the light.
Graphical Abstract
CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd)/TiO2-xN
y
composite luminescent photocatalyst with persistent deNOx activity after turningoff the light was successfully synthesized by a simple planetary ball milling process. Thenovel persistent photocatalytic behavior was related to the overlap between the absorptionwavelength of TiO2-xN
y
and the emission wavelengthof the CaAl2O4:(Eu, Nd).
The Nested Context Language reuse features
Authors: Soares Neto Carlos de Salles , Soares Luiz Fernando Gomes , de Souza Clarisse Sieckenius 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
NCL, the standard declarative language of the Brazilian Terrestrial Digital TV System and ITU-T Recommendation for IPTV Services, provides a high level of reuse in the design of hypermedia applications. In this paper we detail how its design and conceptual model have succeeded in supporting reuse at a declarative level. NCL supports not only static but also running code reuse. It also allows for reuse inside applications, reuse between applications, and reuse of code spans stored in external libraries. For a specification language to promote reuse, however, it must have a number of usability merits. Aspects of NCL usability are thus analyzed with the Cognitive Dimensions of Notation framework.
Developmental pathology, dopamine, stress and schizophrenia
Authors: Lodge Daniel J. , Grace Anthony A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPsychological stress is a contributing factor for a wide variety of neuropsychiatric diseases including substance use disorders, anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. However, it has not been conclusively determined how stress augments the symptoms of these diseases. Here we review evidence that the ventral hippocampus may be a site of convergence whereby a number of seemingly discrete risk factors, including stress, may interact to precipitate psychosis in schizophrenia. Specifically, aberrant hippocampal activity has been demonstrated to underlie both the elevated dopamine neuron activity and associated behavioral hyperactivity to dopamine agonists in a verified animal model of schizophrenia. In addition, stress, psychostimulant drug use, prenatal infection and select genetic polymorphisms all appear to augment ventral hippocampal function that may therefore exaggerate or precipitate psychotic symptoms. Such information is critical for our understanding into the pathology of psychiatric disease with the ultimate aim being the development of more effective therapeutics.
Middle and late Pleistocene glaciations in the Campo Felice Basin (central Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Giraudi Carlo , Bodrato Giulia , Lucchi Marianna Ricci , Cipriani Nicola , Villa Igor M. , Giaccio Biagio , Zuppi Giovanni M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe present paper refers to research conducted in the tectonic-karst depression of Campo Felice in the central Apennines (Italy), in which glacial, alluvial and lacustrine sediments have been preserved. Stratigraphic interpretations of sediments underlying the Campo Felice Plain are based on evidence obtained from nine continuous-core boreholes. The boreholes reach a depth of 120 m and provide evidence of five sedimentation cycles separated by erosion surfaces. Each cycle is interpreted as an initial response to a mainly warm stage, characterized by low-energy alluvial and colluvial deposition, pedogenesis, and limited episodes of marsh formation. In turn, a mainly cold stage follows during which a lake formed, and glaciers developed and expanded, leading to deposition of glacial and fluvioglacial deposits. The chronological framework is established by eleven accelerator mass spectrometer 14C ages and three 39Ar–40Ar ages on leucites from interbedded tephra layers. These age determinations indicate five glacial advances that respectively occurred during marine oxygen isotope stages 2, 3–4, 6, 10 and 14.
Microscopic and environmental controls on the spacing and thickness of segregated ice lenses
Authors: Rempel Alan W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe formation of segregated ice is of fundamental importance to a broad range of permafrost and periglacial features and phenomena. Models have been developed to account for the microscopic interactions that drive water migration, and predict key macroscopic characteristics of ice lenses, such as their spacings and thicknesses. For a given set of sediment properties, the temperature difference between the growing and incipient lenses is shown here to depend primarily on the ratio between the effective stress and the temperature deviation from bulk melting at the farthest extent of pore ice. This suggests that observed spacing between ice lenses in frozen soils, or traces of lenses in soils that once contained segregated ice, might be used to constrain the combinations of effective stress and temperature gradient that were present near the time and location at which the lower lens in each pair was initiated. The thickness of each lens has the potential to contain even more information since it depends additionally on the rate of temperature change and the permeability of the sediment at the onset of freezing. However, these complicating factors make it more difficult to interpret thickness data in terms of current or former soil conditions.
Geometrical similarity in successively developed folds and sheath folds in the basement rocks of the northwestern Indian Shield
Authors: SRIVASTAVA DEEPAK C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn intensely deformed gneiss–migmatite terrane and a relatively undeformed granulite–granitoid terrane constitute the bulk of Precambrian basement in the northwestern Indian Shield. This article traces the structural evolution in the gneiss–migmatite terrane, where traditional methods of structural analysis are difficult to apply, and shows how successively developed folds can assume identical geometry and orientation at an advanced stage of progressive ductile shearing. The gneiss–migmatite terrane exemplifies a regional-scale ductile shear zone that preserves the history of polyphase folding and sheath folding. Geometrical similarity between individual/domain-scale sheath folds and mesoscopic/regional-scale folds implies that sheath folding is common at all scales in the gneiss–migmatite terrane. As the mylonite foliation that traces successive folds is curviplanar, the successively initiated hinge lines were curvilinear from their inception in the shear zone. At the advanced stage of ductile shearing, the hinge line curvatures were accentuated due to their rotation towards subvertically directed maximum stretching (X), and variably oriented fold axial planes were brought into approximate parallelism with the upright principal plane (XY) of the bulk strain ellipsoid. Eventually all the folds, irrespective of their relative order of development, became strongly non-cylindrical, extremely tight, isoclinal and approximately co-planar with respect to each other. It is due to the above geometrical modifications during ductile shearing that folds, irrespective of their order of development, now appear identical with respect to isoclinal geometry, axial plane orientation and hinge line curvilinearity. Evidence from the fold orientations, the deformed lineation patterns and the sheath fold geometry suggest that the shearing occurred in a general shear type of bulk strain, and NNW–SSE-directed subhorizontal compression resulted in subvertically directed stretching in the gneiss–migmatite terrane.
Jiangxichelys, a new nanhsiungchelyid turtle from the Late Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: TONG HAIYAN , MO JINYOU 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA new taxon of nanhsiungchelyid turtle,Jiangxichelys ganzhouensisn. g. n. sp., is described on the basis of a complete shell from the latest Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China. It is close toHanbodgemys, but different from the latter in having a boot-shaped second marginal scute reaching the first vertebral scute, a larger first suprapygal, a large fifth vertebral extending onto the tenth peripheral, narrower lateral marginal scutes and a narrower posterior plastral lobe. This discovery adds a new element to the scanty record of nanhsiungchelyids from southern China and illustrates the diversity of the family in that area.
Transparency, Price Informativeness, and Stock Return Synchronicity: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Dasgupta Sudipto , Gan Jie , Gao Ning 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper argues that, contrary to the conventional wisdom, stock return synchronicity (or R2) can increase when transparency improves. In a simple model, we show that, in more transparent environments, stock prices should be more informative about future events. Consequently, when the events actually happen in the future, there should be less “surprise” (i.e., less new information is impounded into the stock price). Thus a more informative stock price today means higher return synchronicity in the future. We find empirical support for our theoretical predictions in 3 settings: namely, firm age, seasoned equity offerings (SEOs), and listing of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs).
Capture of ungulates in Central Asia using drive nets: advantages and pitfalls illustrated by the Endangered Mongolian saiga Saiga tatarica mongolica
Authors: Berger Joel , Murray Kim M. , Buuveibaatar Bayarbaatar , Dunbar Michael R. , Lkhagvasuren Badamjav 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe study of mammals suffering intense poaching in remote areas poses an increasingly difficult conservation challenge, in part because the extreme flightiness of such species complicates safe capture. The benefits of handling (an opportunity to obtain biological information and attach radio collars) must be weighed against stress to the animals and potential capture-related mortality. In parts of Central Asia this problem is not trivial, as populations have been heavily harvested and opportunities for restraint are often limited. Mongolian saiga Saiga tatarica mongolica, being both Endangered and poached, typifies these issues. Here we describe capture protocols for adult females handled quickly and without anaesthesia. Using multiple vehicles driven at high speed, individual saiga were isolated from groups and herded into nets. Chase time was linearly associated with rectal temperature (P < 0.03), with maximum pursuits and temperatures of 9 minutes and 43.1°C, respectively; time to release averaged < 7 minutes. Given that rural residents often chase saiga and other desert and steppe-dwelling ungulates, for photography or for amusement, our results offer conservationists and government officials an empirical basis for recommending prudence on chase times and/or for recommending that the practice be prevented.