bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An innovative approach to a UAV tails structural design for additive manufacturing
Authors: Battaglia Miriam , Acanfora Valerio , Garofano Antonio , Maisto Giovanni , Riccio Aniello 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe innovative approach used for the design and fabrication of a UAV tails through additive manufacturing (AM) completely changes the concept of designing and manufacturing products through conventional methods. AM based processes can reduces costs, lead times, and increases design freedom, allowing parts to be tailored to specific needs. A key benefit of AM processes is the ability to produce optimized designs with reduced mass and without compromising structural effectiveness. This is possible thanks to the combination of high‐performance AM materials and the extraordinary manufacturing capability of AM technologies combined with an appropriate design‐for‐additive manufacturing (DfAM) approach, overcoming traditional manufacturing techniques. This article presents the development process of a UAV tails, based on a Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) approach in order to reduce structural mass and guarantee safe operation under service loads. Therefore, by replacing the metallic component of the UAV with a techno‐polymeric one, several configurations have been developed. The optimal additive configuration achieved a weight reduction of 60% compared to a metal configuration of equivalent volume, without loss of mechanical properties. In conclusion, a feasibility study of the proposed configuration was carried out by 3D printing the vertical tail redesigned.Highlights
An innovative approach by combining DfAM processes with FFF technology.
Metal replacement of UAV tails with advanced technopolymers.
Efficient Weight Reduction about 60% compared to metal structure.
Single‐piece design simplifies assembly and manufacturing.
UAV redesigned tails with enhanced efficiency, adaptability, and feasibility.
Sustainable improvement in the polylactic acid properties of 3D printing filaments: The role of bamboo fiber and epoxidized soybean oil‐branched cardanol ether compatibilizer
Authors: Song Xinyu , Weng Yunxuan , Ma Zhirui , Han Yu , Zhang Xueqin , Zhang Caili 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) is the prevailing raw material for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing filaments, offering benefits such as a low printing temperature, minimal shrinkage, and biodegradability. However, this material has challenges such as poor toughness, low heat deflection temperature, susceptibility to moisture‐induced thermal degradation, and high costs. This study addressed these concerns by incorporating natural bamboo fiber (BF) into PLA, elevating heat the deflection temperature and lowering the material costs. Additionally, a synthesized branched structure compatibilizer, in the form of epoxidized soybean oil‐branched cardanol ether (ESOn‐ECD), enhanced the toughness of PLA, the bonding strength between PLA and the BF surface, and the flowability of high‐fiber composites during processing and printing. The mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties were assessed, demonstrating the promising processing performance of PLA/BF/ESO3‐ECD. The fully biobased composite exhibits strength, toughness, good processability, excellent 3D printability, and durability, implying substantial potential in FDM 3D filament production.Highlights
Bio‐based PLA/bamboo fiber/ESO3‐ECD FDM 3D printing filaments were developed.
The excellent nucleation ability of the bamboo fibers enhances the crystallization rate and crystallinity of PLA.
The epoxy values and branching degree of ESOn‐ECD are crucial for its effective modification.
Short term creep properties of WPC at different temperatures—An experimental and numerical investigation at different stress levels
Authors: Zhang Gaoqin , Zhao Longlong , Zhao Kang , Chen Liangyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing a two‐step molding process, wood plastic composite (WPC) were prepared under temperatures ranging from 160 to 180°C. Uniaxial compression tests of WPC were conducted at temperatures of −20°C, 0°C, 20°C, and 40°C, determining stress levels of 30%, 45%, and 60% based on the test results. Subsequently, 24‐hour compression creep tests were performed for WPC under 12 different conditions. The Findley power law model was employed to fit the experimental results, indicating that creep deformation increased with both stress level and environmental temperature. Notably, specimens at 0°C failed after sustaining a load for 13.6 hours at 60% stress, while those at 20°C failed after only 0.72 hours under the same conditions. Overall, the Findley model effectively predicted the creep behavior of WPC under all temperature conditions and stress levels.Highlights
The influence of temperature variation on the strength of WPC.
Short term creep of WPC under different stress levels.
Creep of WPC at different temperatures.
Prediction of creep performance under different operating conditions.
Efficacy and safety of topical capsaicin in the treatment of osteoarthritis pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tshering Gyem , Posadzki Pawel , Kongkaew Chuenjid 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The objective was to critically appraise the efficacy and safety of topical capsaicin in reducing pain in OA. MEDLINE (PubMed) and Embase (Ebsco) were searched from inceptions until February 2023. The eligibility criteria included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), evaluating topical capsaicin in OA patients. Standard Cochrane methods were used to extract data and to appraise eligible studies. Eight double‐blind RCTs involving 498 patients were included. Five trials (62.5%) were at an overall low risk of bias, and three (37.5%) were at a high risk of bias. Meta‐analysis showed that, in various OA patients, compared with placebo, topical capsaicin (0.0125%–5%) may reduce pain severity measured with visual analog scale (standardized mean difference = −0.84, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] = −1.48 to −0.19, p = 0.01; eight studies). However, topical capsaicin may increase burning sensation at the application site (risk ratio = 5.56, 95% CI = 1.75–17.69, p = 0.004, numbers needed to harm = 3; five studies) when compared with placebo. Limitations include short study durations, small sample sizes, high heterogeneity, and overall low‐to‐very‐low certainty of the evidence. Topical capsaicin may reduce OA pain at follow‐ups of up to 3 months. Larger trials, potentially evaluating capsaicin in combination with phytopharmaceuticals having anti‐inflammatory effects, with longer follow‐ups might be needed to reduce the existing uncertainties. Topical capsaicin might be recommended for short‐term management of pain in OA patients intolerant to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Dihydroartemisinin‐driven TOM70 inhibition leads to mitochondrial destabilization to induce pyroptosis against lung cancer
Authors: Li Liu‐Gen , Hu Jun , Han Ning , Chen Nan‐Nan , Yu Ting‐Ting , Ren Tao , Xu Hua‐Zhen , Peng Xing‐Chun , Li Xian‐Yu , Ma Tian‐Qi , Chen Hao , Zhang Lei , Chen Xiao , Wang Mei‐Fang , Li Tong‐Fei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnhancement of malignant cell immunogenicity to relieve immunosuppression of lung cancer microenvironment is essential in lung cancer treatment. In previous study, we have demonstrated that dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a kind of phytopharmaceutical, is effective in inhibiting lung cancer cells and boosting their immunogenicity, while the initial target of DHA's intracellular action is poorly understood. The present in‐depth analysis aims to reveal the influence of DHA on the highly expressed TOM70 in the mitochondrial membrane of lung cancer. The affinity of DHA and TOM70 was analyzed by microscale thermophoresis (MST), pronase stability, and thermal stability. The functions and underlying mechanism were investigated using western blots, qRT‐PCR, flow cytometry, and rescue experiments. TOM70 inhibition resulted in mtDNA damage and translocation to the cytoplasm from mitochondria due to the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis. Further ex and in vivo findings also showed that the cGAS/STING/NLRP3 signaling pathway was activated by mtDNA and thereby malignant cells underwent pyroptosis, leading to enhanced immunogenicity of lung cancer cells in the presence of DHA. Nevertheless, DHA‐induced mtDNA translocation and cGAS/STING/NLRP3 mobilization were synchronously attenuated when TOM70 was replenished. Finally, DHA was demonstrated to possess potent anti‐lung cancer efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these data confirm that TOM70 is an important target for DHA to disturb mitochondria homeostasis, which further activates STING and arouses pyroptosis to strengthen immunogenicity against lung cancer thereupon. The present study provides vital clues for phytomedicine‐mediated anti‐tumor therapy.
Characterization of a Food‐Safe Colorimetric Indicator Based on Black Rice Anthocyanin/PET Films for Visual Analysis of Fish Spoilage
Authors: Ameri Maryam , Ajji Abdellah , Kessler Samuel 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThe safety of food products is of prime importance for consumers and manufacturers. Many means can be used to validate a food product's safety before it is consumed. This study is about the preparation, characterization and evaluation of a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) sensitive colorimetric sensor that detects volatile gases (TVB‐N) resulting from fish spoilage, thus indicating the pH variation of packaged fish products. This is performed by coating a thin layer of ink sensors on the surface of the supporting matrix (corona‐treated PET). Various visual pH indicators were prepared based on black rice anthocyanin as an FDA‐approved dye. Black rice, which contains more than 80% cyanidin‐3‐glucoside, is the most prevalent anthocyanin component. Because of its low toxicity and high concentration, it can be utilized as a natural food colourant. pH indicators based on black rice can show distinct colours in various pH: from red (low pH) to violet (4–6) and deep purple/blue (6–7), blue (7–9) to yellowish/light brown (9–13) throughout the acid–base reaction by the analyte. The ink formulation was prepared by incorporating a binder system (PVOH‐PEG) for higher surface wettability, a crosslinking agent (citric acid) for higher adhesion, an antifoaming agent (natural vanillin) and acetic acid as a pH fixing agent. Corona treatments affected substrate surface chemistry in this study. The samples with thermal treatment passed the ASTM D3330 tape test, the 8000 passages for dry sponge and the 25 passages for wet sponge through the abrasion method. Anthocyanin concentration in formulated ink based on calculation by UV–vis spectra is 0.240 mg/100 g. Sensitivity tests towards TVB‐N gases were carried out at a temperature of 4°C to evaluate the performance of colorimetric films with formulated ink along with thermal treatment (temperature: 165°C, time: 5 min) using the volatile gases emitted by the fish sample inside the package.
Standardization and other approaches to meta‐analyze differences in means
Authors: Hopkins Will G. , Rowlands David S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMeta‐analysts often use standardized mean differences (SMD) to combine mean effects from studies in which the dependent variable has been measured with different instruments or scales. In this tutorial we show how the SMD is properly calculated as the difference in means divided by a between‐subject reference‐group, control‐group, or pooled pre‐intervention SD, usually free of measurement error. When combining mean effects from controlled trials and crossovers, most meta‐analysts have divided by either the pooled SD of change scores, the pooled SD of post‐intervention scores, or the pooled SD of pre‐ and post‐intervention scores, resulting in SMDs that are biased and difficult to interpret. The frequent use of such inappropriate standardizing SDs by meta‐analysts in three medical journals we surveyed is due to misleading advice in peer‐reviewed publications and meta‐analysis packages. Even with an appropriate standardizing SD, meta‐analysis of SMDs increases heterogeneity artifactually via differences in the standardizing SD between settings. Furthermore, the usual magnitude thresholds for standardized mean effects are not thresholds for clinically important differences. We therefore explain how to use other approaches to combining mean effects of disparate measures: log transformation of factor effects (response ratios) and of percent effects converted to factors; rescaling of psychometrics to percent of maximum range; and rescaling with minimum clinically important differences. In the absence of clinically important differences, we explain how standardization after meta‐analysis with appropriately transformed or rescaled pre‐intervention SDs can be used to assess magnitudes of a meta‐analyzed mean effect in different settings.
Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education
Authors: Romero Margarida , Reyes Jonathan , Kostakos Panos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGenerative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) has become popular recently with the advances in text and image generation tools (e.g., ChatGPT) that are easy to use for the general public. The emergence of GAI has sparked a surge in academic studies within higher education (HE) but also raised concerns about the changes related to policy making. This chapter analyses the impact of GAI on HE, addressing its uses in language learning, chatbot applications, and responsible AI implementation. Evaluating both its benefits and limitations, this chapter navigates through diverse studies, presenting insights into GAI's potential in education, while emphasising the need for responsible deployment and ethical considerations.
Manifesto in Defence of Human-Centred Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Romero Margarida , Frosig Thomas , Taylor-Beswick Amanda M. L. , Laru Jari , Bernasco Bastienne , Urmeneta Alex , Strutynska Oksana , Girard Marc-André 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis manifesto advocates for the thoughtful integration of AI in education, emphasising a human-centred approach amid the rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI). The chapter explores the transformative potential of large language models (LLM) and generative AI (GenAI) in education, addressing both opportunities and concerns. While AI accelerates change in education, adapting to students’ diverse learning needs, it also poses challenges to traditional assessment paradigms. The manifesto stresses the importance of empowering teachers and students as decision-makers, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to AI integration. It emphasises human-centricity in AI use, promoting ethical considerations, responsible practices, and regulations. The right to choose and co-create is underscored, giving autonomy to educators and learners in selecting technologies aligned with their philosophies. Additionally, the manifesto introduces the concept of hybrid intelligence (HI), advocating collaboration between human and machine intelligence to enhance educational experiences. The manifesto encourages creative uses of AI in education, envisioning a harmonious partnership where AI and humans co-create transformative knowledge.
Preserving Teacher and Student Agency: Insights from a Literature Review
Authors: Lepage Alexandre , Collin Simon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter is a comprehensive literature review that explores the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on education and its implications for human agency. It begins by highlighting the potential advantages of incorporating AI in education, such as intelligent tutoring, learning assessment, and dropout prevention. The chapter then raises important questions regarding the roles of teachers and students in an AI-driven education system, contemplating whether AI can replace or enhance the capabilities of human educators. These inquiries initiate a discussion on the ethical considerations surrounding the deployment of AI in education.To provide necessary context, the chapter offers definitions of AI in education and introduces two theoretical frameworks: the technician system theory and the concept of agency. The technician system theory suggests that as AI systems become more sophisticated, there is a risk of neglecting the complexity of teaching techniques and the expertise of human educators. The concept of agency is then presented as a means to comprehend and position human activity in relation to AI systems. The chapter explores agency from both the computer science and social science perspectives, emphasising the autonomy and decision-making abilities of both AI systems and individuals. With the focus on identifying AI applications that may limit teacher and student agency, the findings reveal that the integration of AI systems in education can lead to power imbalances and reduce the decision-making authority of teachers, shifting expertise to programmers and system designers. Likewise, student agency can be compromised by AI systems, particularly in task assignment and gamification.Ultimately, this chapter underscores the significance of preserving human agency in the context of AI in education. It advocates for the design and implementation of AI-based tools that enhance agency rather than restrict it. The findings of the literature review shed light on the ethical implications and challenges associated with maintaining agency in the era of AI in education.
Learning Artificial Intelligence Through Open Educational Resources
Authors: Alexandre Frédéric , Comte Marie-Helene , Lagarrigue Aurélie , Viéville Thierry 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses the creation and impact of a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) titled ‘Artificial Intelligence with Intelligence (IAI)’ aimed at fostering a culture of AI understanding and participation in ethical debates. The chapter first addresses the rationale behind developing the MOOC and the importance of citizen training in AI, particularly concerning ethical considerations surrounding algorithmic decision-making. This chapter also emphasises the need to reevaluate human intelligence in the broader context of AI advancements and probes the transformative nature of AI across various domains of life. Three perspectives are considered concerning the integration of AI in education: adapting the learning experience, using AI as a scientific tool for studying human learning, and critically examining its problems. Citizen education is crucial to understanding the scientific and technical elements of AI, especially in the context of algorithmic decision-making ethics. The chapter's focus on AI and citizen education is key. It emphasises the need for critical thinking to understand how AI technologies affect daily life. The chapter advocates AI training to help people understand how AI works and generate informed opinions about its potential and limitations.
International Initiatives and Regional Ecosystems for Supporting Artificial Intelligence Acculturation
Authors: Romero Margarida , Galy Isabelle , Camponovo Jérémy , Tressols Florence , Urmeneta Alex 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNational and international initiatives to support AI education are discussed in this chapter. Following an examination of the various initiatives undertaken in OECD countries, the chapter highlights the House of Artificial Intelligence (MIA) activities supporting AI acculturation to the regional educational and industrial ecosystem in the French Rivera. The chapter delves into these achievements, detailing partnerships, educational outreach, entrepreneurship initiatives, and the nuanced approach to addressing gender biases in AI education. Through the different workshops, students are empowered to actively contribute to AI's evolution, transforming from consumers to creators. Gender perspectives are explored, tackling stereotypes and biases. The chapter concludes with a spotlight on the Smart Hive project, an interdisciplinary initiative fostering sustainable development through AI, exemplifying the MIA's role in creating a regional ecosystem for AI acculturation.
Cubic and higher-order supergravity couplings for AdS vacua using Exceptional Field Theory
Authors: Duboeuf Bastien , Malek Emanuel , Samtleben Henning 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We show how to use Exceptional Field Theory to efficiently compute n-point couplings of all Kaluza-Klein modes for vacua that can be uplifted from maximal gauged supergravities to 10/11 dimensions via a consistent truncation. Via the AdS/CFT correspondence, these couplings encode the n-point functions of holographic conformal fields theories. Our methods show that these n-point couplings are controlled by the n-point invariant of scalar harmonics of the maximally symmetric point of the truncation, allowing us to show that infinitely-many n-point couplings vanish for any vacua of the truncation, even though they may be allowed by the remnant symmetry group of the vacua. This gives new results even for the maximally supersymmetric AdS5 × S5, AdS4 × S7 and AdS7 × S4 vacua of string and M-theory, where we prove old conjectures about the vanishing of n-point extremal and near-extremal couplings.Focusing in particular on cubic couplings for vacua of 5-dimensional gauged supergravity, we derive explicit universal formulae encoding these couplings for any vacuum within a consistent truncation. We use this to compute known and new couplings involving spin-0, spin-1, spin-2 for the AdS5 × S5 vacuum of IIB string theory.
Collider signatures of near-continuum dark matter
Authors: Ferrante Steven , Lee Seung J. , Perelstein Maxim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper we study a near-continuum dark matter model, in which dark sector consists of a tower of closely spaced states with weak-scale masses. We construct a five-dimensional model which naturally realizes this spectrum. The dark matter is described by a bulk field, which interacts with the brane-localized Standard Model sector via a Z portal. We then study collider signatures of this model. Near-continuum dark matter states produced in a collider undergo cascade decays, resulting in events with high multiplicity of jets and leptons, large missing energy, and displaced vertices. A custom-built Monte Carlo tool described in this paper allows for detailed simulation of the signal events. We present results of such simulations for the case of electron-positron collisions.
Supersymmetric AdS solitons and the interconnection of different vacua of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 Super Yang-Mills
Authors: Anabalón Andrés , Nastase Horatiu , Oyarzo Marcelo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We find AdS soliton solutions in 5-dimensional gauged supergravity, obtained from the S5 compactification of type IIB, with a dilaton saturating the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound. The solutions depend on the value of the periodicity of an S1 cycle and the boundary values for two U(1) gauge fields, and give a scalar VEV in the dual field theory. At certain values of the gauge sources we have supersymmetric solutions, corresponding to supersymmetric flows, which are a deformation of the Coulomb Branch flow in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. The solutions parameterize quantum phase transitions between a discrete spectrum phase, a continuous above a mass gap phase, and a continuous without a mass gap phase, in 2+1 dimensions. We analyze the phase diagram in terms of the QFT sources and we find that for every value for them, there are always two branches of supergravity solutions. We find that these two branches of solitons correspond to two possible vacua existing in the dual QFT when fermions are anti-periodic on an S1. We describe the interconnection of these states in the QFT at strong ’t Hooft coupling in the large N limit. In 10 dimensions, our solutions are related to deformations of D3-brane distributions.