bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
YIELD RESPONSE TO APPLIED NUTRIENTS AND ESTIMATES OF N2 FIXATION IN 33-YEAR-OLD SOYBEAN–WHEAT EXPERIMENT ON A VERTISOL
Authors: SINGH MUNESHWAR , WANJARI R. H. , DWIVEDI ANIL , DALAL RAM 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYSoybean–wheat systems are the major grain production systems on vertisols in Madhya Pradesh, India. A study on yield response to nutrients (N, P, K, S and Zn) and estimation of N2 fixation by soybean under different nutrient combinations was studied in a 33-year-old, long-term experiment on soybean–wheat–maize system. For estimation of N2 fixation, annual input–output N balance technique was used. The experiment was initiated in June 1972, comprising eight treatments, viz. control (no fertiliser and no manure), 100% N, 100% NP, 100% NPK, 150% NPK, 100% NPK + 15 t farmyard manure (FYM), 100% NPK + Zn and 100% NPK – S with four replications arranged in a randomised block design. The amount of N applied (100%) to each crop of soybean, wheat and maize was 20, 120 and 80 kg ha−1, P (100%) 35, 35 and 26 kg ha−1 and K (100%) 16, 32 and 16 kg ha−1, respectively. FYM was applied one week before the onset of monsoons. Both soybean and wheat yields responded to applied N and P during all these years. The yield response to K was observed after 10 years. The estimated amount of N2 fixed by soybean annually varied from 62.8 to 161.1 kg ha−1; however, the net gain of N in soil after offsetting the N derived by soybean from soil varied from 24.2 to 66.5 kg ha−1 annually. Maximum N gain was recorded on application of P. There was a linear relationship between the amount of harvestable biomass N and residual biomass N, whereas quantity of N added to soil has a curvilinear relationship with the harvestable biomass N. The highest percentage of N derived from the atmosphere (% Ndfa) was recorded in the control treatment, but the highest amount of N2 fixed was found in the 100% NPK treatment. Balanced use of nutrient is the best option to harness the N2 fixation potential of soybean.
Furongian (Cambrian) agnostoids of Scandinavia and their implications for intercontinental correlation
Authors: AHLBERG PER , TERFELT FREDRIK 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOut of the 14 agnostoid species/subspecies so far recorded from the Furongian of Scandinavia, seven are excellent biostratigraphical indices and important for correlation between Baltica and other palaeocontinents.Glyptagnostus reticulatus,Aspidagnostus lunulosusandAgnostus(Homagnostus)obesusfirst appear at the base of theG.reticulatusZone, allowing a precise correlation of the base of the Paibian Stage into Scandinavia.Tomagnostella orientalisandPseudagnostus cyclopygeappear near the base of theParabolina brevispinaZone, suggesting a correlation with the uppermost Paibian through the lowermost Jiangshanian stages.Lotagnostus americanus andPseudagnostus rugosushave an intercontinental distribution and their first appearance in Scandinavia allows for a correlation with one of the most favourable levels for defining the base of Cambrian provisional Stage 10. In the Furongian of Scandinavia, agnostoids are conspicuously assembled in three different intervals: the lowerGlyptagnostus reticulatusZone, the lowerPseudagnostus cyclopygeZone and theLotagnostusamericanusthrough lowerTrilobagnostus holmizones. The agnostoid-barren and largely unfossiliferous succession separating the lower and middle agnostoid-bearing intervals can be explained by means of subsequent dissolution of the calcareous fauna and/or a hostile environment. The middle agnostoid-bearing interval is succeeded by an anomalous succession dominated by the orthide brachiopodOrusia lenticularis, reflecting a regressive event coupled with increasing levels of oxygen at the sediment/water interface. This shallowing evidently resulted in unfavourable conditions for agnostoids.
Molecular screening of nematodes in lacertid lizards from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands using 18S rRNA sequences
Authors: Perera A. , Maia J.P.M.C. , Jorge F. , Harris D.J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe development of molecular methods is becoming a promising field in the analysis of parasite fauna in wildlife species. This is especially useful in the case of parasite species where developmental larval stages are difficult to assess using standard methods. In this study we screened for the presence of parasitic nematodes infecting lacertid lizards from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic islands using nematode-specific 18S ribosomal RNA gene primers on host tissue samples. Sequencing of positive samples revealed the presence of different genera of nematodes. The detection of Strongyloides, a monoxenous genus reported for the first time in Podarcis lilfordi is probably the result of the amplification of larval stages present in the host circulatory system. Two spirurid nematodes, Synhimantus and a new unidentified clade, were also found, suggesting that reptiles might be paratenic hosts of several spirurid species. This study demonstrates the benefits of using specific molecular markers on tissue samples to identify infecting larval stages of nematodes, otherwise difficult to assess using traditional screening methods.
Age, marital status and changes in dietary habits in later life: a 21-year follow-up among Finnish women
Authors: Haapala Irja , Prättälä Ritva , Patja Kristiina , Männikkö Reija , Hassinen Maija , Komulainen Pirjo , Rauramaa Rainer 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine 21-year longitudinal changes in dietary habits and their associations with age and marital status among women aged 50–60 years at baseline.DesignProspective, longitudinal study of a cohort in the FINMONICA population-based risk factor survey with clinical assessments in 1982, 1992 and 2003. Dietary habits were assessed via self-reported consumption of foods typically contributing to SFA, cholesterol and sugar intakes in the Finnish diet. A dietary risk score based upon five items was used.SettingKuopio region, Finland.SubjectsComplete data from all three assessments for 103 women of the original cohort of 299 were included for two age groups: 50–54 and 55–60 years at baseline.ResultsDietary habits improved between 1982 and 1992 and showed continued but less pronounced improvement between 1992 and 2003: within the younger age group, 78 % of the women reduced the number of dietary risk points from the 1982 to 2003 scores, whereas 3 % increased them and 19 % reported no change. In the older age group these percentages were 61 %, 23 % and 16 %, respectively. Women who remained married showed a steadier decline in dietary risk points than single women or women who were widows at the beginning of the follow-up.ConclusionsOlder women make positive changes to their dietary habits but the consistency of these changes may be affected by the ageing process, marital status and changes in the latter.
Management of neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of cervix-a single centre retrospective study
Authors: Mcgivern Ursula , Clarke Jacqueline , Drake Anne , McGluggage Glenn , McAleese Jonathan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose: To determine disease-free and overall survival of neuroendocrine small cell cancer of cervix treated at the Northern Ireland Cancer centre between 1999 and 2010.Materials and methods: A retrospective review of all patients diagnosed and treated with neuroendocrine small cell cancer of cervix in Northern Ireland. Details of treatment modality including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery were recorded.Results: Fifteen patients diagnosed with neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma (NSCC) of cervix were identified between 1999 and 2010, twelve with disease localised to the pelvis and three with metastatic disease. Three-year overall survival for all patients was 65% and disease-free survival was 45% for all patients. In patients with pelvic confined disease 3-year overall survival was 79% and disease-free survival was 57%. Median disease-free and overall survival was 30 and 39.6 months respectively. These survival rates compare very favourably to those reported in the literature. Stage of disease at diagnosis was the main determinant of survival.Conclusion: Local control and survival can be achieved in NSCC of patients with a combination of irradiation and platinum-based chemotherapy. Stage of disease determines outcomes.
On the S-fundamental group scheme. II
Authors: Langer Adrian 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe S-fundamental group scheme is the group scheme corresponding to the Tannaka category of numerically flat vector bundles. We use determinant line bundles to prove that the S-fundamental group of a product of two complete varieties is a product of their S-fundamental groups as conjectured by Mehta and the author. We also compute the abelian part of the S-fundamental group scheme and the S-fundamental group scheme of an abelian variety or a variety with trivial étale fundamental group.
The algebraic numbers definable in various exponential fields
Authors: Kirby Jonathan , Macintyre Angus , Onshuus Alf 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe prove the following theorems. Theorem 1: for any E-field with cyclic kernel, in particular ℂ or the Zilber fields, all real abelian algebraic numbers are pointwise definable. Theorem 2: for the Zilber fields, the only pointwise definable algebraic numbers are the real abelian numbers.
Who benefits from health services in South Africa?
Authors: Ataguba John Ele-Ojo , McIntyre Di 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSouth Africa is considering major health service restructuring to move towards a universal system. This calls for understanding the challenges in the existing health system. The paper, therefore, comprehensively evaluates an aspect of current health system performance – the benefit incidence of health services. It seeks to understand how the benefits from using health services in South Africa are currently distributed across socio-economic groups. Using a nationally representative household survey, results show that lower socio-economic groups benefit less than their richer counterparts from both public and private sector health services, and that the distribution of service benefits is not in line with their need for care.
The influence of Langmuir turbulence on the scaling for the dissipation rate in the oceanic boundary layer
Authors: Teixeira Miguel A. C. 
Published: April 2012

A model for estimating the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate in the oceanic boundary layer, based on insights from rapid‐distortion theory, is presented and tested. This model provides a possible explanation for the very high dissipation levels found by numerous authors near the surface. It is conceived that turbulence, injected into the water by breaking waves, is subsequently amplified due to its distortion by the mean shear of the wind‐induced current and straining by the Stokes drift of surface waves. The partition of the turbulent shear stress into a shear‐induced part and a wave‐induced part is taken into account. In this picture, dissipation enhancement results from the same mechanism responsible for Langmuir circulations. Apart from a dimensionless depth and an eddy turn‐over time, the dimensionless dissipation rate depends on the wave slope and wave age, which may be encapsulated in the turbulent Langmuir numberLat. For large Lat, or any Lat but large depth, the dissipation rate tends to the usual surface layer scaling, whereas when Lat is small, it is strongly enhanced near the surface, growing asymptotically as ε ∝ Lat−2 when Lat → 0. Results from this model are compared with observations from the WAVES and SWADE data sets, assuming that this is the dominant dissipation mechanism acting in the ocean surface layer and statistical measures of the corresponding fit indicate a substantial improvement over previous theoretical models. Comparisons are also carried out against more recent measurements, showing good order‐of‐magnitude agreement, even when shallow‐water effects are important.
The phage-host interaction as a model for studying carbon regulation in aquatic system
Authors: Sanmukh Swapnil , Paunikar Waman , Meshram Dilip , Lokhande Satish , Ghosh Tarun 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis document contains the presentation by Swapnil G Sanmukh et al, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur on “The phage-host interaction as a model for studying carbon regulation in aquatic system” during Second National Research Conference on Climate Change, organized by the Centre for Science and Environment, IIT Delhi and IIT Madras on November 5-6, 2011 at New Delhi.
Endoscopy
Authors: P Perumal 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEndoscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic medical procedure that is used to assess the interior surfaces of an organ by inserting a tube into the body. The instrument may have a rigid or flexible tube and not only provide an image for visual inspection and photography, but also enable taking biopsies and retrieval of foreign objects. Endoscopy is the vehicle for minimally invasive surgery and patients may receive conscious sedation so they do not have to be consciously aware of the discomfort. Many endoscopic procedures are considered to be relatively painless and, at worst, associated with moderate discomfort.
Analysis of acceptance of bacillus to various heavy metals and antibiotics
Authors: Sisodia Yamini Singh , Bajpai Vivek , Gaur Deeksha , Jain Pankaj Kumar 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe present study was carried out to systematically examine the pathogenic microorganisms in sewage samples isolated from the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. In this survey, 26 bacterial strains were isolated and identified using biochemical and molecular methods. Molecular identification of isolates was done by DNA isolation, PCR amplification using 16S rDNA primer and partial sequencing of purified product after sequencing, out of 26, 10 sequences were submitted to NCBI. Out of these 10 isolates Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis were taken for further studies. There is growing awareness of the need for development of new antimicrobial agents for the treatment of human, animal and plant diseases. Keeping this fact in mind, we did the antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates against various antibiotics (Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol etc.) by measuring zone of inhibition in Mueller Hinton agar plate by Kirby Bauer method comparing with growth pattern at different pH, temperature and various other environmental factors. Results of present studies indicates that the strains isolated from sewage water are resistant to most of the antibiotics and susceptible to Chromium , Cadmium, Mercury and some other heavy meals whereas Zinc and Iron are supporting the growth of bacillus at various parameters. Till date B.licheniformis has been checked for its resistance pattern to eight heavy metals. This study can be used for bioremediation of the environmental hazards and recombinants will also be examined for the same against positive strains.
Intrarectal administration of hCG (Human Choriogonadotropin) and fat loss as assessed by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in experimental animals.
Authors: Belluscio Daniel , Klimovsky Ezequiel , Kaniuk Alejandro , Vaney Sergio 
Published: April 2012

AbstractOur studies suggest that in experimental animals, submitted to a hypocaloric diet, the intrarectal administration of hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) decreases body fat and increases lean mass content in relative values to a greater extent that control animals who did not receive hCG.
Changing the Culture of “Ding”: Education, Legislation and Research on Concussive Brain Injury in Youth Athletics
Authors: Overturf Claire , Cooper Donald 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe number of emergency department visits concerning sport related TBI in youth increased 57% from 2001 to 2009 and while a fraction of that increase may be attributed to injuries that were once missed now being identified due to greater general awareness, the fact remains that there are nearly 200,000 children every year who suffer sport related concussion or other TBI serious enough to prompt a visit to the ED. 40% of sports related concussions involve children between the ages of 8 and 13, and in this group the rate of concussion doubled between 1997 and 2007. The risk of concussion is highest in football and there are nearly 67,000 diagnosed concussions in high school football every year. In other sports that males and females play, such as basketball, girls seem to be at a higher risk. In high schools, concussions account for 15% of all sports related injuries resulting in at least one day of play lost. The risk of a suffering a concussion when participating in a contact sport may be as high as 20% per season. In both girls’ and boys’ soccer and basketball 20% of the concussions were repeat concussions. These statistics just further illustrate the gravity of the problem of sport related concussions. Here we describe the need for more work on education, legislation and research in order to change in the concussion/mTBI culture.
The AMPK-related kinase SIK2 is regulated by cAMP via phosphorylation at Ser358 in adipocytes
Authors: Henriksson Emma , Jones Helena A. , Patel Kashyap , Peggie Mark , Morrice Nicholas , Sakamoto Kei , Göransson Olga 
Published: April 2012

SIK2 (salt-inducible kinase 2) is a member of the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) family of kinases and is highly expressed in adipocytes. We investigated the regulation of SIK2 in adipocytes in response to cellular stimuli with relevance for adipocyte function and/or AMPK signalling. None of the treatments, including insulin, cAMP inducers or AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside), affected SIK2 activity towards peptide or protein substrates in vitro. However, stimulation with the cAMP-elevating agent forskolin and the β-adrenergic receptor agonist CL 316,243 resulted in a PKA (protein kinase A)-dependent phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding of SIK2. Phosphopeptide mapping of SIK2 revealed several sites phosphorylated in response to cAMP induction, including Ser358. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that phosphorylation of Ser358, but not the previously reported PKA site Ser587, was required for 14-3-3 binding. Immunocytochemistry illustrated that the localization of exogenously expressed SIK2 in HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells was exclusively cytosolic and remained unchanged after cAMP elevation. Fractionation of adipocytes, however, revealed a significant increase of wild-type, but not Ser358Ala, HA (haemagglutinin)–SIK2 in the cytosol and a concomitant decrease in a particulate fraction after CL 316,243 treatment. This supports a phosphorylation-dependent relocalization in adipocytes. We hypothesize that regulation of SIK2 by cAMP could play a role for the critical effects of this second messenger on lipid metabolism in adipocytes.
Open-Door Cervical Laminoplasty with Preservation of Posterior Structures
Authors: Abdullah Kalil G. , Yamashita Takayuki , Steinmetz Michael P. , Lubelski Daniel , Wang Jeffrey C. , Benzel Edward C. , Mroz Thomas E. 
Published: April 2012

Objective To demonstrate that preservation of all posterior structures during open-door laminoplasty (ODL) is associated with a significant preservation of motion. Methods Fifteen patients underwent cervical ODL by one surgeon for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. An open-door technique was employed, and the laminae on the open side were reconstructed using miniplates with allograft strut bone graft. All spinous processes and interspinous and supraspinous ligaments were preserved within the operative levels and between supra- and subjacent levels in all patients. Postoperative radiographs were obtained 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 months. Computed tomography scans were obtained at 12 months. Results There were no significant intraoperative or perioperative complications. Postoperatively, the neutral angle was 6.8 ± 11.5 degrees (95% confidence interval: 0.5 to 13.1), representing a loss of lordosis of 3 degrees (not significant). The difference between the preoperative and postoperative arc range of motion was 5.96 ± 11.9 degrees (confidence interval: −0.62 to 12.5). The average percent loss of motion was 3.5% ± (0.1 to 6.9%). Four patients had an increased range of motion postoperatively. Conclusion Open-door laminoplasty with preservation of all posterior structures provides greater preservation of motion than has been previously described.
Uncovertebral Anatomic Midline Targeting for Cervical Disc Arthroplasty
Authors: Bednar Drew A. 
Published: April 2012

Study Design Prospective observational cohort. Objective To document the accuracy of uncovertebral anatomic targeting in positioning cervical disc arthroplasty. Summary of Background Data Disc arthroplasty implants depend on midline placement for optimum mechanical function. Fluoroscopy is used to delineate the midline. Anatomic targeting from the uncovertebral joints in the neck may be adequate. We have investigated the efficacy of uncovertebral anatomic targeting for cervical disc arthroplasty. Methods Anatomic uncovertebral midline targeting for disc arthroplasty insertion was performed in 18 male (mean age 51 years, range 27 to 67) and 22 female (mean age 50, range 35 to 70) patients receiving a total of 59 implants over a 5-year period. Device insertion was under only lateral imaging control. Postinsertion operative fluoroscopy with optimized centering was used to record implant position in the anteroposterior plane, and centerline analysis was performed using cursor measurement technology from the GE PACS™ imaging system (GE Medical Systems, Mt. Prospect, IL). Results Analysis found a mean deviation from the ideal midline placement of only 0.7 mm (range, 0 to 2.9 mm). Only three devices were more than 2 mm off the anatomic midline. Conclusion This anatomic technique is effective, safely minimizing imaging resource needs and X-ray exposure to the patient and operating team.
A discourse analysis of power in relation to PSYCHLOPS (Psychological outcome profiles) in the context of CBT for psychosis
Authors: Kelly Vikki , Holttum Sue , Evans Chris , Shepherd Melanie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAims: Outcome measures (OMs) and routine change measurement have developed dramatically in psychological therapies over the last two decades and some therapists have expressed concerns that this, depending on how it is handled by the parties involved, can markedly affect the therapy. However, little research has investigated this. It therefore seemed timely to explore discourses of OMs drawn upon by both parties in the therapy room. Method: PSYCHLOPS (Psychological Outcome Profiles) is a client‐centred measure which offered an opportunity to explore how therapists and clients receiving CBT for psychosis talked about OMs. A useful contrast was provided by the CORE‐OM (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation‐Outcome Measure). The discourses drawn upon by clients (n=4) and therapists (n=4) were analysed, informed by a Foucaultian framework. Results: OMs were constructed as empowering or disempowering of clients, as being able to do therapeutic work of engagement and containment, and as part of the apparatus of service power, positioning therapists as relatively powerless to question their use. Discussion: It is suggested that client‐centred measures like PSYCHLOPS, although partly aligned with a recovery framework, may become part of top‐down state and service power, and there is a need for more research into the different ways in which OMs are used in therapy and the impacts on therapists, clients and their relationships.