bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Banff Field, UK Central Graben – evaluation of a steeply dipping, fractured chalk reservoir
Authors: EVANS N. , RORISON P. , SYKES G. 
Published: April 2010

The Banff Field is a steeply dipping raft of fractured Late Cretaceous and Danian chalk on the flank of a salt diapir structure on the western margin of the Central Graben in the UK North Sea. Paleocene sands draped over the raft and a carbonate cap rock provide additional reservoir potential.
The unusual geometry of the reservoir is a result of a complex structural history. Generally positive relief and minor pulsed growth through the Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary resulted in a condensed sequence of Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments over the structure. Contractional rejuvenation and active diapirism in the mid-Miocene deformed and fractured the thinned overburden to produce a tilted raft with reservoir dips generally over 45°. A vertical oil column of over 950 m (3000 ft) is present. Hydrocarbon migration began during the Oligocene, preserving good porosity in the chalk matrix during subsequent Late Miocene burial.

Seismic imaging difficulties caused by the steep dips and uncertainties over reservoir performance and connectivity
led
to a phased development plan. Phase 1
involved
a six month early production
system
(EPS) via two imaginatively designed production wells, during which time 5 × 10
6
BBL oil were produced. The two wells were drilled from the crest of the raft down to the oil water contact. Each well encountered over 1000 m (3300 ft) of oil-bearing chalk reservoir and provided important geological and reservoir performance data. Seismic data have been reprocessed using 3D pre-stack depth migration to improve image quality and lateral positioning. Geophysical, geological and biostratigraphical data have been integrated with the dynamic performance from the EPS to assess the controls on reservoir quality.

The bulk of the reserves, and highest productivity occur in the Late Cretaceous Tor Formation. Chalk porosity ranges from 15–35% but matrix permeabilities are low, generally less than 5 mD. High productivities (up to 40 000 BOPD) achieved during the EPS are attributed to specific zones within the Tor chalks which have a favourable combination of chalk lithofacies (including local reworking to produce chalk debris flows), open fractures, depth of burial, diagenetic history and stratigraphy. Sand units within the Ekofisk chalk may have a significant impact on fluid flow.
In situ
stress is expected to exert a major (favourable) influence on waterflood performance.

An effective phased development programme has resulted in an improved understanding of the complex controls on chalk reservoir performance in preparation for Phase 2 development. First oil is planned for mid-1998 and ultimate reserves are expected to be in excess of 60 × 10
6
BBL oil.
Applications of the coherency cube in the UKCS
Authors: HUGHES M. J. , DHANANI S. , FRIMPONG R. K. , GAINSKI M. , HASKELL N. L. , HEATH R. P. , KANTOROWICZ J. D. , MAGUIRE P. M. , NISSEN S. E. 
Published: April 2010

Seismic coherency is a measure of the similarity between seismic traces. Coherency data play an important role in the delineation of structural and stratigraphic features by enhancing the images seen on conventional 3D seismic data. Through integration of coherency data with other technologies and calibration to well data, new applications are emerging. This paper discusses three examples from the UKCS.
Partial permeability barriers in the Leman Field were known to exist from well pressure data. A coherency cube revealed several lincations that separated the wells. These lineations can be correlated to a previously unmapped fault trend with very small throws on the vertical seismic lines. The coherency cube therefore provided additional information to improve confidence in the interpretation and enabled significant time-savings in the fault pattern interpretation.
Coherency data were used to assist in the welt planning for the Arkwright Field development programme. Coherency slices through high pressure zones were characterized by polygonal faulting, whilst less faulting was observed in areas of lower pore pressure. These pressure zones were calibrated to pore pressures predicted from the original discovery well. The development trajectories were optimized with respect to the fault patterns interpreted from the coherency data. Model predictions were confirmed by drilling results.
A coherency cube was utilized to enable a quick interpretation of the structural framework of an area of the Central Graben. In particular the distribution of faulted Triassic rafts and Jurassic rifts is easily observed because the relatively coherent Jurassic reflectors contrast well with the relatively incoherent Triassic seismic reflectivity.
These three examples illustrate how coherency data can be used in production, development and exploration settings to improve the imaging of geological features ranging in scale from reservoir barriers to major faults.
Kingdom Oil and Gas Field, 25 Year Commemorative volume
Authors: COWAN G. , BURLEY S. D. , HOEY N. , HOLLOWAY P. , BERMINGHAM P. , BEVERIDGE N. , HAMBORG M. , SYLTA Ø. 
Published: April 2010

The East Irish Sea Basin is a simple petroleum system with a complex geological history. The petroleum play comprises a Namurian source with a Sherwood Sandstone Group carrier and reservoir sequence, sealed by shales and salts of the Mercia Mudstone Group. The source underwent rapid burial during the Triassic and Jurassic, reaching a maximum burial depth of 5 km by the end-Cretaceous. Uplift by as much as 2 km took place between 60 and 20 Ma across the basin.
One-dimensional modelling predicts that oil generation took place over a temperature range of 70–120°C. Primary gas generation began contemporaneously with oil generation but continued to temperatures >180°C. Pseudo-3D ray tracing modelling of the volume and distribution of hydrocarbons in the Sherwood Sandstone Group, matched to known hydrocarbon discoveries in the East Irish Sea Basin, indicates that before 180 Ma, traps were mainly gas filled. Continuous burial to 144 Ma resulted in an oil leg developing in most traps, with significant oil accumulations present in the south of the basin. Thermogenic gas generation in the Keys Basin displaced oil in the northern traps during the period leading to maximum burial at 65 Ma, by which time the basin was characterized by a distinct northern gas province and a southern oil province. Subsequent uplift from 60 Ma caused trapped gas to expand and further displace oil from most of the remaining traps in the southern part of the basin. Hydrocarbon flow rates were greatest between 65–60 Ma during maximum burial. Subsequently, hydrocarbon flow rates decreased dramatically, although gas generation continued until 20 Ma.
UK North Sea exploration: a future?
Authors: VINING B. A. , MABILLARD J. E. , VAN RIJSSEN P. 
Published: April 2010

The UK sector of the North Sea is approaching a sharp decline in the production of oil and gas. This paper considers the role exploration can play in the future to arrest, in part, this decline. Whilst many of the major oil and gas provinces around the world have forecast significant production falls in the past, few have actually reached a terminal stage of decline. The regenerative capacity of these most prolific provinces has been driven by a complex interaction of legislative, economic, commercial and technical factors. The technical factors influencing future exploration in the North Sea are the focus of this paper.
The ability to assess the remaining exploration potential of a basin relies heavily on geostatistical methods such as creaming curves, field size distributions and economics. However, the reliability of analyses depends on the adequacy of relevant data and knowledge that together frame the degree of uncertainty and risk around any prediction. An analysis of the exploration history of the UK sector of the North Sea is presented in the context of a hierarchy, basin, play and prospect. The results clearly demonstrate the region to be in an advanced mature stage for known plays.
At present, our ability to identify and quantify remaining exploration potential is conditioned by our experience and our ability to imagine the future. As a result, the perceived future contribution from exploration of conventional plays in the North Sea appears limited. Any significant contribution from exploration would require a paradigm shift in our ability to define and economically pursue new plays and prospectivity. From a global perspective, a review of how large fields in new plays have been discovered in the past reveals some ideas that may be applied to the UK North Sea in the future.
The North Sea has a diverse stratigraphy with prolific source rocks, which are the fundamental ingredients required to develop new play concepts. However, in spite of the extensive data, technology and knowledge at our disposal, significant new play concepts are not forthcoming. The rhetorical question remains, are new plays not there, or are we not creative enough to conceive them?
‘Where oil is first found, in the final analysis, is in the minds of men’, Wallace E. Pratt 1952.
Modelling seismic response from North Sea chalk reservoirs resulting from changes in burial depth and fluid saturation
Authors: VEJBÆK O. V. , RASMUSSEN R. , JAPSEN P. , BRUUN A. , PEDERSEN J. M. , MARSDEN G. , FABRICIUS I. L. 
Published: April 2010

Changes in seismic response caused by variation in degree of compaction and fluid content in North Sea chalk reservoirs away from a wellbore are investigated by forward modelling. The investigated seismic response encompasses reflectivity, AVO and acoustic impedance. Synthetic seismic data are calculated on the basis of well data from the South-Arne and Dan fields, Danish North Sea and compared to field records. Seismic response predictions are based on three main tools: (1) saturation modelling, (2) compaction/decompaction modelling and (3) rock physics.
Hydrocarbon saturation in North Sea chalk is strongly affected by capillary forces and transition zones in the order of 50 m are common. Advanced saturation height modelling is applied, which has proved robust for the prediction of saturation profiles in Danish chalk.
Compaction modelling relies on exponential decay of porosity with depth, where abnormal fluid pressures are accounted for. A new set of compaction parameters is presented based on a normal velocity–depth trend and a velocity–porosity transform for North Sea chalk. The parameters appear to allow fairly precise predictions of abnormal fluid pressures from observed average porosity. Based on this, the relative contribution to porosity preservation by abnormal fluid pressure and early hydrocarbon invasion may be estimated.
Rock physics theory is applied to obtain all necessary parameters for the complete set of elastic parameters for seismic modelling.
Modelling results of importance in the search for subtle traps include: (1) correlation of reflectivity with porosity; (2) primary sensitivity of acoustic impedance is to porosity variation rather than hydrocarbon saturation; (3) the Poisson ratio is very sensitive to hydrocarbon saturation at high porosity, depending on fluid density contrasts. In addition, compaction modelling shows a clear effect of porosity preservation by hydrocarbons in the South-Arne Field, whereas this effect is negligible in the Dan Field. In both fields seismic signatures in field records originating from fluid changes are identified.
SKI-606 (Bosutinib) Blocks Prostate Cancer Invasion, Growth, and Metastasis In vitro and In vivo through Regulation of Genes Involved in Cancer Growth and Skeletal Metastasis
Authors: Rabbani Shafaat A. , Valentino Maria-Luisa , Arakelian Ani , Ali Suhad , Boschelli Frank 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
In the current study, we have examined the efficacy of a Src/Abl kinase inhibitor SKI-606 (Bosutinib) for its effect on prostate cancer growth and skeletal metastasis. Treatment of highly invasive human prostate cancer cells PC-3 and DU-145 with different doses of SKI-606 decreased Src activation, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as determined by Matrigel Boyden chamber invasion assay. For in vivo studies, PC-3 cells were inoculated through s.c. or i.t. route into male BALB/c nu/nu or Fox Chase severe combined immunodeficient mice, respectively. Experimental animals treated with SKI-606 developed tumors of a significantly smaller volume and a significant decrease (50%) in experimental skeletal lesion area. A marked increase (32%) in bone volume to tumor volume ratio was also seen by micro–computed tomography analysis of tibias from control and experimental groups of animals. Western blot analysis showed the ability of SKI-606 to significantly decrease the phosphorylation of signaling molecules (AKT, mitogen-activated protein kinase, focal adhesion kinase) and the expression of tumor progression–associated genes uPAR, MMP-2, MMP-9, N-cadherin, fibronectin, BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2), BMP-6 (bone morphogenetic protein 6), IL-8 (interleukin 8), and TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) in prostate cancer cells. SKI-606 is currently in clinical trials for breast cancer and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Results from these studies provide convincing evidence for evaluating its efficacy in prostate cancer patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(5); 1147–57. ©2010 AACR.
Development of Candidate Genomic Markers to Select Breast Cancer Patients for Dasatinib Therapy
Authors: Moulder Stacy , Yan Kai , Huang Fei , Hess Kenneth R. , Liedtke Cornelia , Lin Feng , Hatzis Christos , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Symmans W. Fraser , Pusztai Lajos 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Patient selection is important for targeted therapies, yet phase I/II trials are often underpowered for developing predictors of drug response. The goal of this research was to define genomic predictors for dasatinib that could be prospectively tested in early-phase clinical trials.
Gene expression profiles of dasatinib-sensitive and dasatinib-resistant cell lines (n = 23) were compared to develop a dasatinib-sensitivity index (modified DS index). A Src pathway activity index (revised Src index) was defined using genes induced by the Src transfection of mammary epithelial cells and was optimized to be reproducible across cell lines and human specimens. A dasatinib target index was devised using the weighted sum of 19 kinases that bind to dasatinib with variable affinity. The performance of these prediction models was assessed in independent cell lines with known dasatinib sensitivity. The feasibility of applying these genomic tests to human samples was evaluated on 133 biopsies of primary breast cancers.
The modified DS index showed 90% accuracy in independent breast cancer cell lines (n = 12) and the target index, but not the revised Src index signature, also distinguished dasatinib-sensitive and dasatinib-resistant cells (P = 0.0024). The genomic predictors showed acceptable reproducibility in replicate cell line and human gene expression data. When all three predictors were applied to the same 133 patient samples, the predictors identified different patient subsets as potentially sensitive.
We defined three conceptually different potential predictors of dasatinib response that were reproducible across cell lines and human data. These candidate markers are being tested in a clinical trial to determine their utility. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(5); 1120–7. ©2010 AACR.
Effects of Thymoquinone in the Expression of Mucin 4 in Pancreatic Cancer Cells: Implications for the Development of Novel Cancer Therapies
Authors: Torres Maria P. , Ponnusamy Moorthy P. , Chakraborty Subhankar , Smith Lynette M. , Das Srustidhar , Arafat Hwyda A. , Batra Surinder K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers in the world, as it continues to be resistant to any therapeutic approaches. The high molecular weight glycoprotein mucin 4 (MUC4) is aberrantly expressed in pancreatic cancer and contributes to the regulation of differentiation, proliferation, metastasis, and the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells. The absence of its expression in the normal pancreatic ductal cells makes MUC4 a promising target for novel cancer therapeutics. Natural products have been widely investigated as potential candidates in cancer therapies, and thymoquinone (TQ), extracted from the seeds of Nigella sativa, has shown excellent antineoplastic properties in some systems. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of TQ on pancreatic cancer cells and specifically investigated its effect on MUC4 expression. The MUC4-expressing pancreatic cancer cells FG/COLO357 and CD18/HPAF were incubated with TQ, and in vitro functional assays were done. The results obtained indicate that treatment with TQ downregulated MUC4 expression through the proteasomal pathway and induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells by the activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. In agreement with previous studies, the decrease in MUC4 expression correlated with an increase in apoptosis, decreased motility, and decreased migration of pancreatic cancer cells. MUC4 transient silencing studies showed that c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways are activated in pancreatic cancer cells, indicating that the activation of these pathways by TQ is directly related to the MUC4 downregulation induced by the drug. Overall, TQ has potential for the development of novel therapies against pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(5); 1419–31. ©2010 AACR.
The Economy of Undocumented Migration: Taxation and Access to Welfare
Authors: Tjernberg Mats 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA strict division between the formal economy and the informal economy cannot be made and every economic actor has in certain situations a propensity to engage in informal economic activities. The formal, as well as informal economy may lead to economic growth which is essential for a broad welfare policy, under which social benefits are categorized. A person’s economic contribution to a state should entail some possibility of getting economic and social benefits from it. The article shows that a person, who is liable to tax in a state, by staying in its territory, should not be excluded from the social welfare system. There is often a lack of congruence between tax liability and right to residence-based social benefits. A typical example is that of undocumented migrants. Welfare policy is to a large extent governed by a mix of rules linked to taxation, social contributions and social benefits. It could be expected that the policy be well devised, leading to well-coordinated systems. European states having a social policy with roots in a Beveridge model (such as Sweden), should be obliged to integrate undocumented migrants in their social benefit system. Regardless of any declared income they should be part of basic social benefits scheme by virtue of territoriality alone.
Discourse or Merely Noise? Regarding the Disagreement on Undocumented Migrants
Authors: Selberg Niklas , Gunneflo Markus 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDrawing on Jacques Rancière’s theorising of the political, this article analyses the disagreement on undocumented migrants in recent legislation in Sweden and within the European Union as well as in Swedish labour union practice. Both the consensus understanding of the issue of undocumented migrants and the materialisation of dissensus through the political activities of undocumented migrants are studied. The aims of the article are: firstly, to show that undocumented migrants in Sweden engage in a political struggle that is not recognised as such, to analyse the structure or conditions of possibility of this non-recognition, and finally, to analyse the ways in which these conditions might be undone through the political activities of undocumented migrants. The theoretical claim is that the issue of undocumented migrants involves intimately core aspects of both politics and law and that the struggle of undocumented migrants is a process in which our understanding of political and legal subjectivity is called into question. In conclusion we reflect on the question of political change against the background of the theoretical and empirical findings of the analysis.
The Employment Contract Revisited. Undocumented Migrant Workers and the Intersection between International Standards, Immigration Policy and Employment Law
Authors: Inghammar Andreas 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article considers recent legal developments on undocumented migrant workers, finds the acceptance of international legal standards unsatisfactory and argues that the private law rights derived from the “semi-legal” employment contract between the employer and the undocumented migrant worker generates a solid base for significant legal claims. It further monitors the promotion of the position of the undocumented migrant workers under recent EU law and calls for a refocusing on the employment contract in the reading of a relevant EC Directive, with a particular emphasis on the issue of access to justice for the migrant workers. The increased number of undocumented migrants who leave their countries of origin for reasons outside the scope of the asylum procedure, as well as the circumstances under which this migration is undertaken and the working conditions of these individuals in the host countries, have brought about legal activities from governments and institutions such as the EU. The aim has in general been to establish sanctions against employers of undocumented migrant workers, but a shift towards a compensatory, employee protective, attitude has recently emerged, both in EU legislation and in a broader perspective in US case law. The article concludes that such a development must be massively supported in relation to access to justice in order to fulfill the ambition. The poor legal position of the undocumented migrant workers is significantly connected to issues of legal representation, trade union participation and the threat of repatriation.
Humanitarian Bottom League? Sweden and the Right to Health for Undocumented Migrants
Authors: Alexander Shannon 
Published: April 2010

AbstractICESCR article 12 generously grants “everyone” the right to the highest attainable standard of mental and physical health. Ironically, “everyone” is reduced to “most” when held up to scrutiny, but certainly includes migrants. Migrants are entitled to the full realization of the right to health regardless of their legal or immigration status. This realization is threatened as States restrict health care, via legal and financial means, in order to punish undocumented migrants and deter migration. One such State is Sweden where the recent “Law Concerning Health Care for Asylum Seekers and Others” caused one progressive Parliamentarian to lament that its restrictive policies regarding health care and undocumented migrants would put Sweden in the “humanitarian bottom league”. Indeed, Swedish legislation, practice and policy are generally inconsistent with its international human rights obligations towards undocumented migrants, asylum seekers and refugees and their right to health. Undocumented migrants are entitled to unsubsidized health care only in immediate and emergency situations. Care is difficult to access and prohibitively expensive in many cases. Asylum seekers and failed asylum seekers who are not in hiding are only entitled to subsidized maternity care, care that cannot wait or emergency care. Moreover, a lack of cultural competence amongst caretakers may have a detrimental impact on the quality of care given to these migrants. Consequently, Swedish practice and policy are often at odds with its international human rights law obligations. This threatens to relegate a State that has always been considered a member of the “humanitarian major league” to a one that wallows in the “humanitarian bottom league”.