bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endocrine disruption due to estrogens derived from humans predicted to be low in the majority of U.S. surface waters
Authors: Anderson Paul D. , Johnson Andrew C. , Pfeiffer Danielle , Caldwell Daniel J. , Hannah Robert , Mastrocco Frank , Sumpter John P. , Williams Richard J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In an effort to assess the combined risk estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), and estriol (E3) pose to aquatic wildlife across United States watersheds, two sets of predicted-no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for significant reproductive effects in fish were compared to predicted environmental concentrations (PECs). One set of PNECs was developed for evaluation of effects following long-term exposures. A second set was derived for short-term exposures. Both sets of PNECs are expressed as a 17β-estradiol equivalent (E2-eq), with 2 and 5 ng/L being considered the most likely levels above which fish reproduction may be harmed following long-term and short-term exposures, respectively. A geographic information system-based water quality model, Pharmaceutical Assessment and Transport Evaluation (PhATE™), was used to compare these PNECs to mean and low flow concentrations of the steroid estrogens across 12 U.S. watersheds. These watersheds represent approximately 19% of the surface area of the 48 North American states, contain 40 million people, and include over 44,000 kilometers of rivers. This analysis determined that only 0.8% of the segments (less than 1.1% of kilometers) of these watersheds would have a mean flow E2-eq concentration exceeding the long-term PNEC of 2.0 ng/L; only 0.5% of the segments (less than 0.8% of kilometers) would have a critical low flow E2-eq exceeding the short-term PNEC of 5 ng/L. Those few river segments where the PNECs were exceeded were effluent dominated, being either headwater streams with a publicly owned treatment works (POTW), or flowing through a highly urbanized environment with one or several POTWs. These results suggest that aquatic species in most U.S. surface waters are not at risk from steroid estrogens that may be present as a result of human releases. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:1407–1415. © 2012 SETAC
Establishment of a versatile seminoma model indicates cellular plasticity of germ cell tumor cells
Authors: Nettersheim Daniel , Westernströer Birgit , Haas Natalie , Leinhaas Anke , Brüstle Oliver , Schlatt Stefan , Schorle Hubert 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn western countries, 60% of all malignancies diagnosed in men between 17–45 years of age are germ cell tumors (GCT). GCT arise from the common precursor lesion carcinoma in situ, which transforms within an average of 9 years into invasive Type‐II GCTs. Seminomas are considered to be the default developmental pathway of carcinoma in situ cells and the seminoma‐like cell line TCam‐2 has been used to study seminoma biology in vitro. However, the generation of an animal model, which would allow for the in vivo analysis of seminoma formation, remained elusive. We applied transplantation approaches using TCam‐2 cell transfer into ectopic (skin, brain) and orthopic (testis) sites of immunodeficient mice. We demonstrate that a transplantation into the seminiferous tubules results in formation of a carcinoma in situ/seminoma. In contrast, TCam‐2 cells adopt an embryonal carcinoma‐like fate when grafted to the flank or corpus striatum and display downregulation of the seminoma marker SOX17 and upregulation of the embryonal carcinoma markers SOX2 and CD30. Grafted TCam‐2 cells reduce AKT‐, ERK‐, EphA3‐, and Tie2/TEK‐signaling to levels comparable to embryonal carcinoma cells. Hence, TCam‐2 cell transplantation into the testis generated a carcinoma in situ/seminoma mouse model, which enables addressing the biology of these tumors in vivo. The fact that TCam‐2 cells give rise to a carcinoma in situ/seminoma or embryonal carcinoma in a transplantation site specific manner implies that conversion of carcinoma in situ/seminoma to an embryonal carcinoma does not require additional genetic aberrations but relies on signals from the tumor‐microenvironment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of peatland harvesting on snow accumulation, ablation and snow surface energy balance
Authors: Ketcheson Scott J. , Whittington Peter N. , Price Jonathan S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSnow distribution, ablation and snowmelt energy balance components were characterized in a vacuum harvested and an adjacent undisturbed forested section of a peatland during the 2009 snowmelt period to determine snow distribution and melt dynamics on a previously harvested peatland, since abandoned and partly revegetated. The forested peatland had the deepest snowpack at 121 cm, particularly along the edge of the forested section adjacent to the more windblown previously harvested peatland. The snowpack density was greatest in the harvested peatland, which was subject to greater wind compaction and mid‐winter melt‐refreeze episodes; however, snow water equivalence was higher in the forested peatland. Radiative fluxes dominated the snowmelt energy balance. Increased canopy cover within the forested peatland restricted incident radiation and delayed melt, whereas melt rates were rapid across the harvested peatland, driven by higher radiant and turbulent fluxes. Ablation calculated using a simple, one‐dimensional model showed good temporal agreement with the observed ablation trends except when standing melt water pooled on the surface of the harvested section, causing more rapid modelled melt rates than observed. The shallower snowpack and more rapid melt across the harvested peatland limited the amount of melt water that was available for spring recharge. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of overall survival through circadian rest‐activity monitoring during chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Innominato Pasquale F. , Giacchetti Sylvie , Bjarnason Georg A. , Focan Christian , Garufi Carlo , Coudert Bruno , Iacobelli Stefano , Tampellini Marco , Durando Xavier , Mormont Marie‐Christine , Waterhouse Jim , Lévi Francis A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe clinical relevance of circadian rhythm modifications in patients on chemotherapy is unknown. Even so, circadian parameter I<O before chemotherapy independently predicted overall survival. This study investigates the relevance of I<O measured during chemotherapy for survival and symptoms. The circadian rest‐activity pattern was monitored for 3 days using a wristwatch actigraph while 77 patients were receiving a chemotherapy course within an international randomized Phase III trial. Treatment consisted of first‐line chronomodulated or conventional delivery of 5‐fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin for metastatic colorectal cancer. I<O was computed as the percentage of minutes of activity counts in bed which were below the median of activity out of bed. Circadian disruption was defined by I<O equal to or less than 97.5%. Circadian disruption occurred in 39 patients (51%) on chemotherapy. It was associated with a significantly shorter overall survival, independently of other prognostic factors (multivariate Hazard Ratio: 2.12; p = 0.004). The median survival of patients with a robust circadian rhythm was 22.3 months as compared to 14.7 months in those with circadian disruption during chemotherapy. No toxicity was significantly associated with circadian disruption, but the incidence of grade ≥2 fatigue and of body weight loss ≥5% was two and threefold higher, respectively, in patients with disrupted circadian rhythm on chemotherapy. Chemotherapy disrupted circadian activity rhythm in nearly 50% of the patients. Circadian disruption on chemotherapy predicted for shorter overall survival. The prevention of chemotherapy‐induced circadian disruption might reduce toxicity and improve efficacy in cancer patients.
N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)retinamide inhibits breast cancer cell invasion through suppressing NF‐KB activation and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expression
Authors: Kang Hyereen , Lee Minjae , Choi Kyung‐chul , Shin Dong‐Myoung , Ko Jesang , Jang Sung‐Wuk 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSynthetic retinoid N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4‐HPR) has been reported to exhibit anti‐invasive and anti‐metastatic activities by suppressing the enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that 4‐HPR blocks the activity of MMP‐9 in two ways: by reducing phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA)‐induced MMP‐9 secretion and by suppressing cell invasion through the downregulation of MMP‐9 gene transcription in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. 4‐HPR inhibits the transcriptional activity of MMP‐9 by reducing the DNA‐binding activity of NF‐κB on the MMP‐9 promoter as well as by inhibiting the degradation of IκBα, leading to cytoplasmic accumulation of NF‐κB. We also found that 4‐HPR inhibits invasion and MMP‐9 expression in the highly metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231. Thus, 4‐HPR might be a potent anti‐invasive agent that works by suppressing MMP‐9 expression via the NF‐κB signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2845–2855, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel technique to assess chromatin texture using pixel optical densitometry in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Natarajan Srikant , Juneja Manish , Pallam Nandita Kottieth , Boaz Karen , Mohindra Aashima , Lewis Amitha 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground: The early detection of neoplasia is the prime aim of a diagnostician. Altered chromatin distribution is the earliest microscopic change observed in malignant transformation making it a valuable morphometric parameter. This study was aimed to assess and correlate the progressive changes in chromatin texture from normal to varying grades of premalignancies to malignancy of the oral cavity. Methods: Thirty‐four archival tissue specimens categorized as normal buccal mucosa (5), low‐grade epithelial dysplasia (11), high‐grade epithelial dysplasia (7), and squamous cell carcinoma (11) were stained with Feulgen reaction. Pixel optical densitometry histograms were obtained from analysis of an average of 300 cells/case using ImageJ software. Nine histogram curve characteristics (including area under the curve, area integer percentage, center, centroid) were then analyzed statistically for differences between the four groups. Results: Area integer percentage (P = 0.002), center (P = 0.038), and centroid (P = 0.021) were statistically significant within the four groups The parameters showed a dip in their value from normal to low‐grade dysplasia but showed a steady increase in high‐grade dysplasia and carcinoma. Conclusion: The optical density characteristics had the ability to differentiate the progression of neoplastic changes by extracting information of the chromatin distribution not quantifiable by routine microscopy. The early clumping of chromatin in the periphery in low‐grade dysplasia followed by progressively increasing chromatin aggregates in high‐grade dysplasia and carcinoma correlated well with the shift observed in the histogram center and centroid. The novel pixel optical densitometry technique efficiently predicted malignant transformation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1119–1123, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MRI acoustic noise can harm experimental and companion animals
Authors: Lauer Amanda M. , El‐Sharkawy AbdEl‐Monem M. , Kraitchman Dara L. , Edelstein William A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose:To assess possible damage to the hearing of experimental and companion animal subjects of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.Materials and Methods:Using animal hearing threshold data and sound level measurements from typical MRI pulse sequences, we estimated “equivalent loudness” experienced by several experimental and companion animals commonly subjects of MRI scans. We compared the equivalent loudness and exam duration to safe noise standards set by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).Results:Monkeys, dogs, cats, pigs, and rabbits are frequently exposed to equivalent loudness levels during MRI scans beyond what is considered safe for human exposure. The sensitive frequency ranges for rats and mice are shifted substantially upward and their equivalent loudness levels fall within the NIOSH safe zone.Conclusion:MRI exposes many animals to levels of noise and duration that would exceed NIOSH human exposure limits. Researchers and veterinarians should use hearing protection for animals during MRI scans. Experimental research animals used in MRI studies are frequently kept and reimaged, and hearing loss could result in changed behavior. Damage to companion animals' hearing could make them less sensitive to commands and generally worsen interactions with family members. Much quieter MRI scanners would help decrease stress and potential harm to scanned animals, normalize physiology during MRI, and enable MRI of awake animals. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:743–747. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Behavioral and histological analysis of a partial double‐lesion model of parkinson‐variant multiple system atrophy
Authors: Kaindlstorfer Christine , García Joanna , Winkler Christian , Wenning Gregor K. , Nikkhah Guido , Döbrössy Máté D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease with progressive autonomic failure, cerebellar ataxia (MSA‐C), and parkinsonism (MSA‐P) resulting from neuronal loss in multiple brain areas associated with oligodendroglial cytoplasmic α‐synuclein inclusion bodies. No effective treatments exists, and MSA‐P patients often fail to respond to L‐DOPA because of the loss of striatal dopaminergic receptors. Rendering MSA‐P patients sensitive to L‐DOPA administration following striatal tissue transplantation has been proposed as a possible novel therapeutic strategy to improve the clinical condition. Here we describes simple, skilled, and sensorimotor behavior deficits in a unilateral partial double‐lesion (DL) rat model of MSA‐P. The sequential striatal double‐lesion model mimicks early MSA‐P pathology by combining partial 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) followed by striatal quinolinic acid (QA) lesion. Animals were tested on spontaneous, learned, or drug‐induced behavioral tasks on multiple occasions pre‐ and postsurgery. The data show robust, lateralized deficits, and the partial 6‐OHDA and the double‐lesioned animals were most impaired. Importantly, this study identified a behavioral deficit profile unique to the double‐lesion animals and distinctive from the single 6‐OHDA‐ or the QA‐lesioned animals. Histology confirmed an approximately 40% dopamine loss in the striatum in the 6‐OHDA and double‐lesion animals as well as a similar loss of striatal projection neurons in the QA and double‐lesion animals. In summary, we have established the behavioral deficit profile of a partial double‐lesion rat model mimicking the early stage of MSA‐P. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of cisplatin on distortion product otoacoustic emissions in Japanese patients
Authors: Eiamprapai Peem , Yamamoto Norio , Hiraumi Harukazu , Ogino‐Nishimura Eriko , Kitamura Morimasa , Hirano Shigeru , Ito Juichi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Although it is well known that cisplatin is associated with ototoxicity, there is still a lack of knowledge concerning the ototoxicity of cisplatin, especially in Japanese head and neck cancer patients. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence rate of cisplatin ototoxicity and to determine the threshold dose causing ototoxicity in the Japanese population.Study Design:Before‐and‐after study in a tertiary referral hospital.Methods:The distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) was measured 1 week after each administration of cisplatin in 44 Japanese head and neck cancer patients treated at Kyoto University Hospital. We determined the incidence and threshold dose of cisplatin ototoxicity according to DPOAE data.Results:The incidence of ototoxicity detected by DPOAE was 77.3%. The average DPOAE value was significantly lower in patients who received more than 200 mg/m2 cisplatin than the baseline DPOAE value. The threshold dose for cisplatin ototoxicity was lower in Japanese patients than in European patients.Conclusions:Our data suggest that Japanese patients are more susceptible to cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity. This is presumably caused by a genetic difference.
Revision cochlear implantation following internal auditory canal insertion
Authors: Heman‐Ackah Selena E. , Friedmann David R. , Cosetti Maura K. , Waltzman Susan B. , Roland J. Thomas 
Published: April 2012

Objectives/HypothesisIn pediatric patients with congenital malformations of the inner ear, anomalies within the anatomy may facilitate unintentional insertion of the cochlear implant electrode into the internal auditory canal. Revision procedures for removal and replacement of cochlear implant electrodes following internal auditory canal insertion are fraught with potential danger, including the theoretical risk of injury to vasculature within the internal auditory canal, repeat insertion within the internal auditory canal, and cerebrospinal fluid leak. The objective of this presentation is to describe a technique for revision cochlear implantation following internal auditory canal insertion to minimize the potential associated risks.Study DesignCase series.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed on all patients at a tertiary care facility who underwent revision cochlear implantation for internal auditory canal insertion between January 1999 and July 2011.ResultsA total of four patients referred from outside institutions have undergone revision cochlear implantation for internal auditory canal insertion. The records from these patients were reviewed. Electrodes were safely removed in all cases without injury to the anterior inferior cerebellar artery or its branches (i.e., labyrinthine artery). Complete insertion was accomplished on reimplantation. Neural response telemetry was performed in all cases, and responses were noted. Fluoroscopy was utilized to visualize electrode progression during insertion. A detailed description of the operative technique is provided.ConclusionsThis case series describes a technique for revision cochlear implantation that appears to be safe and effective in preventing potential associated complications. Laryngoscope, 123:3141–3147, 2013
Chain‐Growth Polymerization of Aryl Grignards Initiated by a Stabilized NHC‐Pd Precatalyst
Authors: Bryan Zachary J. , Smith Mitchell L. , McNeil Anne J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn N‐heterocyclic carbene‐ligated palladium catalyst was discovered to mediate living, chain‐growth polymerizations of both phenylene‐ and thiophene‐based monomers. Polymerization of a fluorene‐based monomer, on the other hand, did not proceed through a living, chain‐growth pathway. Excitingly, block copolymerizations of phenylene and thiophene proceeded via a chain‐growth pathway, regardless of the order of monomer addition. Although some chain termination was observed during these copolymerizations, this pathway could be minimized when the second monomer was added shortly after consumption of the first monomer. These results suggest that the catalyst resting‐state at the end of polymerization is unstable. As a result, modifications to the NHC‐scaffold or the 3‐chloropyridine ligand will be necessary to generate an improved catalyst.
Reduced field‐of‐view excitation using second‐order gradients and spatial‐spectral radiofrequency pulses
Authors: Ma Chao , Xu Dan , King Kevin F. , Liang Zhi‐Pei 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe performance of multidimensional spatially selective radiofrequency (RF) pulses is often limited by their long duration. In this article, high‐order, nonlinear gradients are exploited to reduce multidimensional RF pulse length. Specifically, by leveraging the multidimensional spatial dependence of second‐order gradients, a two‐dimensional spatial‐spectral RF pulse is designed to achieve three‐dimensional spatial selectivity, i.e., to excite a circular region‐of‐interest in a thin slice for reduced field‐of‐view imaging. Compared to conventional methods that use three‐dimensional RF pulses and linear gradients, the proposed method requires only two‐dimensional RF pulses, and thus can significantly shorten the RF pulses and/or improve excitation accuracy. The proposed method has been validated through Bloch equation simulations and phantom experiments on a commercial 3.0T MRI scanner. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid measurement and correction of phase errors from B0 eddy currents: Impact on image quality for non‐cartesian imaging
Authors: Brodsky Ethan K. , Klaers Jessica L. , Samsonov Alexey A. , Kijowski Richard , Block Walter F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNon‐Cartesian imaging sequences and navigational methods can be more sensitive to scanner imperfections that have little impact on conventional clinical sequences, an issue which has repeatedly complicated the commercialization of these techniques by frustrating transitions to multicenter evaluations. One such imperfection is phase errors caused by resonant frequency shifts from eddy currents induced in the cryostat by time‐varying gradients, a phenomenon known as B0 eddy currents. These phase errors can have a substantial impact on sequences that use ramp sampling, bipolar gradients, and readouts at varying azimuthal angles. We present a method for measuring and correcting phase errors from B0 eddy currents and examine the results on two different scanner models. This technique yields significant improvements in image quality for high‐resolution joint imaging on certain scanners. This result suggests that correcting short‐time B0 eddy currents that do not affect conventional clinical sequences may simplify the adoption of non‐Cartesian methods. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A quantitative measure of handgrip myotonia in non‐dystrophic myotonia
Authors: Statland Jeffrey M. , Bundy Brian N. , Wang Yunxia , Trivedi Jaya R. , Raja Rayan Dipa , Herbelin Laura , Donlan Merideth , McLin Rhonda , Eichinger Katy J. , Findlater Karen , Dewar Liz , Pandya Shree , Martens William B. , Venance Shannon L. , Matthews Emma , Amato Anthony A. , Hanna Michael G. , Griggs Robert C. , Barohn Richard J. ,   and the CINCH Consortium
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction: Non‐dystrophic myotonia (NDM) is characterized by myotonia without muscle wasting. A standardized quantitative myotonia assessment (QMA) is important for clinical trials. Methods: Myotonia was assessed in 91 individuals enrolled in a natural history study using a commercially available computerized handgrip myometer and automated software. Average peak force and 90% to 5% relaxation times were compared with historical normal controls studied with identical methods. Results: Thirty subjects had chloride channel mutations, 31 had sodium channel mutations, 6 had DM2 mutations, and 24 had no identified mutation. Chloride channel mutations were associated with prolonged first handgrip relaxation times and warm‐up on subsequent handgrips. Sodium channel mutations were associated with prolonged first handgrip relaxation times and paradoxical myotonia or warm‐up, depending on underlying mutations. DM2 subjects had normal relaxation times but decreased peak force. Sample size estimates are provided for clinical trial planning. Conclusion: QMA is an automated, non‐invasive technique for evaluating myotonia in NDM. Muscle Nerve 46: 482–489, 2012