bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of the Delphian and level VI nodes in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Isaacs Joseph D. , McMullen Todd P. W. , Sidhu Stan B. , Sywak Mark S. , Robinson Bruce G. , Delbridge Leigh W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  Recent published data has shown that metastatic involvement of the prelaryngeal or Delphian lymph node (DLN), the highest of the central (level VI) cervical lymph nodes, is highly predictive of advanced nodal disease in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The aims of this study were to determine the diagnostic accuracy of all the level VI cervical nodes in PTC and to determine which node group, if any, is the most accurate in predicting lateral node (N1b) disease.Methods:  This was a retrospective cohort study. Data were obtained from the University of Sydney Endocrine Surgical Unit Database and through a review of the histopathology records. The study cohort was composed of 177 consecutive patients with a final diagnosis of PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection, spanning the period from May 2001 to December 2006.Results:  Of the 177 patients with PTC, 86 had the DLN removed, 51 had a pretracheal node removed and 76 had the paratracheal group removed. DLN, paratracheal and pretracheal node disease was present in 21%, 39% and 46%, respectively. Lateral node (N1b) disease was present in 35%. Paratracheal node involvement was mildly predictive of further disease with patients 1.7 times more likely to have lateral node involvement (sensitivity = 55%, specificity = 68%). Pretracheal node involvement was moderately predictive of further disease with patients three times more likely to have lateral node involvement (sensitivity = 72%, specificity = 74%). DLN involvement was highly predictive of further node involvement with patients nine times more likely to have lateral node disease (sensitivity = 53%, specificity = 94%) and 40 times more likely to have any nodal disease (sensitivity = 41%, specificity = 100%).Conclusion:  This is the first study to examine the diagnostic accuracy of all level VI lymph nodes in PTC. While, metastatic involvement of all central nodal groups is indicative of further disease, the DLN is the most accurate predictor.
Mycobacterium ulcerans infection in North Queensland: the ‘Daintree ulcer’
Authors: Steffen Christina M. , Smith May , McBride William J. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  As the third most common mycobacterial infection in the world after tuberculosis and leprosy, Mycobacterium ulcerans is a major health and development problem that has become the focus of a World Health Organisation (WHO) initiative seeking to reduce the burden of this disease. The Daintree River catchment in north Queensland is an endemic focus for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection, known locally as the ‘Daintree Ulcer’. The aim of this study is to analyse the changing pattern of the disease over the last 44 years in the region.Methods:  The study is a descriptive review of all human cases where infection had been acquired in an endemic region of far north Queensland. Demographic information, lesion characteristics, management and outcomes were recorded in a database.Results:  Over the period there were 92 cases of M. ulcerans infection. The average age was 41.7 years and 56.7% were male. There was distinct clustering of cases in several defined locations in the area. Most cases (90%) presented with ulcers, and all but three patients were treated surgically. Excision and skin grafting was more commonly used in the period between 1964–1988. Excision alone was the most common treatment used thereafter. Earlier recognition and smaller lesion size is thought to have contributed to the change in surgical practice.Conclusions:  Ulcers caused by M. ulcerans infection are a distinct clinical entity in tropical North Queensland. Early recognition, diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention has minimised morbidity associated with this disease.
Wound infusion with local anaesthesia after laparotomy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Louis William , Wong Shing Wai , Crowe Philip John , Khor Kok Eng , Jastrzab Grazyna , Parasyn Andrew David , Walsh William Robert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  The use of a continuous local anaesthesia infusion after laparotomy may reduce opioid requirements and facilitate earlier return of bowel function, independent mobilization and hospital discharge.Methods:  We performed a double‐blinded, randomized controlled trial on 55 patients who underwent laparotomy. Patients were randomly allocated to receive a continuous infusion of either 0.2% ropivacaine or normal saline into their midline abdominal wound at the fascial level. The end points of the study were: total opioid requirements at 24 and 48 h; time to first flatus, bowel movement and independent ambulation; length of hospital stay; complications; and daily mean patient‐reported pain scores at rest and movement.Results:  The two treatment groups were well controlled for factors that influence analgesia requirements, including age, weight, length of wound incision and type of operation. Patients allocated to ropivacaine infusion used, on average, 32 mg less morphine at 48 h (95% confidence interval 7, 57; P= 0.01). This was highly statistically significant after adjusting for age, gender and type of operation (P= 0.0006). Ropivacaine infusion was associated with a significantly decreased time to independent mobilization (P= 0.02), time to first flatus (P= 0.02) and reduced post‐operative ileus (2/28 versus 9/27, χ2= 5.89, P= 0.02). There was no significant effect of ropivacaine infusion on time to first bowel movement (P= 0.94) nor length of hospital stay (P= 0.77).Conclusions:  Local anaesthesia infusion at the fascial plane provides effective analgesia. This improves patient recovery through earlier return to bowel function and mobilization.
The meaning of guilt and shame: A qualitative study of mothers who suffer from eating difficulties
Authors: Rørtveit Kristine , Åström Sture , Severinsson Elisabeth 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to illuminate and interpret guilt and shame expressed by mothers with eating difficulties (ED). The research question was: What is the meaning of guilt and shame experienced by mothers with ED? Experiences of guilt and shame in mothers with ED may be strong, yet concealed, and should be addressed when promoting women's mental health. The study design was explorative, and in‐depth interviews were conducted with eight mothers suffering from ED. The data were analysed by means of qualitative content analysis and interpreted according to a hermeneutic approach. The main theme ‘Struggling in silence with guilt and shame as a mother living with ED and trying to keep it secret’ was interpreted on two levels: emotional, ‘Feeling worried about failure and wanting to be successful’, and cognitive, ‘Having condemning thoughts about one's own sense of responsibility’. In addition, each theme contained two subthemes. Feelings and awareness of guilt and shame are strong; they vary between individuals and are intensified in mothers who suffer from ED. It is important for mental health nurses to help mothers with ED articulate such feelings in order to promote health.
Lesions of the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis eliminate opposite‐sex odor preference and delay copulation in male Syrian hamsters: role of odor volatility and sexual experience
Authors: Been Laura E. , Petrulis Aras 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), the expression of reproductive behavior requires the perception of social odors. The behavioral response to these odors is mediated by a network of ventral forebrain nuclei, including the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (pBNST). Previous studies have tested the role of the pBNST in reproductive behavior, but the use of large, fiber‐damaging lesions in these studies make it difficult to attribute post‐lesion deficits to the pBNST specifically. Thus, the current study used discrete, excitotoxic lesions of the pBNST to test the role of the pBNST in opposite‐sex odor preference and copulatory behavior in both sexually‐naive and sexually‐experienced males. Lesions of the pBNST decreased sexually‐naive males’ investigation of volatile female odors, resulting in an elimination of opposite‐sex odor preference. This elimination of preference was not due to a sensory deficit, as males with pBNST lesions were able to discriminate between odors. When, however, subjects were given sexual experience prior to pBNST lesions, their preference for volatile opposite‐sex odors remained intact post‐lesion. Similarly, when sexually‐naive or sexually‐experienced subjects were allowed to contact the social odors during the preference test, lesions of the pBNST decreased males’ investigation of female odors but did not eliminate preference for opposite‐sex odors, regardless of sexual experience. Finally, lesions of the pBNST delayed the copulatory sequence in sexually‐naive, but not sexually‐experienced, males such that they took longer to mount, intromit, ejaculate and display long intromissions. Together, these results demonstrate that the pBNST plays a unique and critical role in both appetitive and consummatory aspects of male reproductive behaviors.
The in vivo distribution of brain tissue loss in Richardson’s syndrome and PSP‐parkinsonism: a VBM‐DARTEL study
Authors: Agosta Federica , Kostić Vladimir S. , Galantucci Sebastiano , Mesaroš Šarlota , Svetel Marina , Pagani Elisabetta , Stefanova Elka , Filippi Massimo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study, we wished to test, using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel‐based morphometry (VBM), whether specific cortical and subcortical patterns of brain grey (GM) and white matter (WM) tissue loss can be detected in patients with Richardson’s syndrome (PSP‐RS) and progressive supranuclear palsy‐parkinsonism (PSP‐P), and possibly account for their clinical heterogeneity. Twenty patients with PSP, classified as PSP‐RS (10 patients) or PSP‐P (10 patients), and 24 healthy controls were studied. The Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5) and the Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration using Exponentiated Lie algebra method were used to perform a VBM analysis. Compared with controls, both patient groups showed GM loss in the central midbrain, cerebellar lobes, caudate nuclei, frontotemporal cortices and right hippocampus. WM loss was detected in both conditions in the midbrain, left superior cerebellar peduncle, internal capsulae, and left premotor and bilateral prefrontal regions. Compared with PSP‐P, patients with PSP‐RS showed additional regions of GM loss in the midbrain, left cerebellar lobe and dentate nuclei. PSP‐RS was also associated with a more severe WM loss in the midbrain, internal capsulae, and orbitofrontal, prefrontal and precentral/premotor regions, bilaterally. Patients with PSP‐P showed a more pronounced GM loss only in the frontal cortex, bilaterally. This study shows that, albeit the overall pattern of brain atrophy associated with PSP appears remarkably consistent across the spectrum of clinical features recorded in life, major anatomical differences between these two conditions do exist. Such a different topographical distribution of tissue damage may account for the clinical differences between PSP‐RS and PSP‐P.
Predator‐released hydrocarbons repel oviposition by a mosquito
Authors: Silberbush Alon , Markman Shai , Lewinsohn Efraim , Bar Einat , Cohen Joel E. , Blaustein Leon 
Published: July 2010

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1129–1138AbstractPrey species commonly use predator‐released kairomones (PRKs) to detect risk of predation, yet the chemical identity of PRKs remains elusive. Chemical identification of PRKs will facilitate the study of predator–prey interactions and the risk of predation, and when the prey are pests, will potentially provide environmentally friendly means of pest control. In temporary pools of the Mediterranean and Middle East, larvae of the mosquito Culiseta longiareolata Macquart are highly vulnerable to the common predatory backswimmer, Notonecta maculata Fabricius. We demonstrate that N. maculata releases two hydrocarbons, n‐heneicosane and n‐tricosane, which repel ovipositing females of C. longiareolata. In behavioural tests with environmentally relevant chemical concentrations in outdoor mesocosm experiments, the repellent effects of the two compounds were additive at the tested concentrations.
Coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer: a meta‐analysis of epidemiological studies
Authors: Park Chang‐Hae , Myung Seung‐Kwon , Kim Tae‐Yeon , Seo Hong Gwan , Jeon Young‐Jee , Kim Yeol ,   Korean Meta‐Analysis (KORMA) Study Group
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between coffee consumption and the risk of prostate cancer.METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the bibliographies of relevant articles in August 2009. Two evaluators independently reviewed and selected articles based on predetermined selection criteria.RESULTS Twelve epidemiological studies (eight case‐control studies and four cohort studies) were included in the final analysis. In a meta‐analysis of all included studies, when compared with the lowest level of coffee consumption, the overall relative risk (RR) of prostate cancer for the highest level of coffee consumption was 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.33). In subgroup meta‐analyses by study design, there was a significant positive (harmful) association between coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk in seven case‐control studies using both crude and adjusted data (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02–1.40; and RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.43, respectively), whereas there was no significant association in four cohort studies using crude or adjusted data (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.68–1.38; and RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.83–1.35, respectively).CONCLUSION Given that a cohort study gives a higher level of evidence than a case‐control study, there is no evidence to support a harmful effect of coffee consumption on prostate cancer risk. Further prospective cohort studies are required.
Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder with seminal vesicle invasion: prognostic significance
Authors: You Dalsan , Kim Seong Choel , Jeong In Gab , Hong Jun Hyuk , Ro Jae Y. , Ahn Hanjong , Kim Choung‐Soo 
Published: July 2010

Study Type – Prognosis (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo evaluate the prognostic impact of seminal vesicle invasion in men who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSOf the 610 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder at our institution from 1989 to 2008, 60 male patients who had pathological stage T4 disease were divided into three groups: prostatic stromal invasion only (Group A, n= 35), seminal vesicle invasion regardless of prostatic stromal invasion (Group B, n= 19), and rectum or pelvic wall invasion (Group C, n= 6). We assessed the effect of several variables on recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS).RESULTSThe 2‐ and 5‐year RFS rates for the entire cohort were 33.5% and 22.5%, respectively, and the 2‐ and 5‐year CSS rates were 48.0% and 23.6%, respectively. Median RFS (6.6 months vs 26.3 months, P < 0.001) and CSS (14.5 months vs 35.9 months, P= 0.005) were significantly shorter for Group B than for Group A, but were similar in Groups B and C (6.6 months vs 8.8 months, P= 0.859 and 14.5 months vs 11.8 months, P= 0.613, respectively). On multivariate analysis, seminal vesicle invasion was an independent predictor of RFS (hazard ratio 2.94, 95% CI 1.40–6.17, P= 0.004) and CSS (2.63, 1.21–5.70, P= 0.014), along with pathological nodal status (3.90, 1.64–9.28, P= 0.002 and 4.39, 1.79–10.76, P= 0.001) and adjuvant therapy (2.76, 1.31–5.82, P= 0.008 and 4.14, 1.86–9.23, P= 0.001).CONCLUSIONSeminal vesicle invasion by urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is a poor prognostic indicator for RFS and CSS. The prognosis of patients with seminal vesicle invasion mimics that of patients with pT4b bladder cancer.
A clinical analysis of diabetic patients with hand ulcer in a diabetic foot centre
Authors: Wang C. , Lv L. , Wen X. , Chen D. , Cen S. , Huang H. , Li X. , Ran X. 
Published: July 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 848–851 (2010)AbstractAims  The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence and clinical characteristics of hand ulcer in hospitalized patients with diabetes.Methods  We analysed 17 subjects with hand ulcer among diabetic inpatients, who were admitted to the Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 2003 to December 2008.Results  The prevalence of diabetic hand ulcer among hospitalized patients (0.37%) was significantly lower than that of diabetic foot ulcers (9.7%, P = 0.000). The mean age was 62.1 ± 9.4 years. The average known durations of diabetes and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were 5.3 ± 4.9 years and 10.9 ± 2.4%, respectively. All patients lived in the subtropical zone. Fifteen patients (88.2%) were diagnosed with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Ten patients had hand infection. After therapy, the ulcers healed in 13 patients (76.5%) and none of them experienced amputation. The average hospital stay for patients with local infection was characteristically longer than that for patients without infection (P = 0.012). The prognosis of the hand ulcer was poorer in the patients who had diabetes for > 3 years compared with those who had diabetes for < 3 years (P = 0.009).Conclusions  Diabetic hand ulcer is a relatively rare complication of diabetes in South‐West China. Long duration of diabetes, poorly controlled blood glucose, minor trauma and delayed treatment are the risk factors. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hand ulcer. Early control of blood glucose with insulin and early anti‐microbial therapy with appropriate antibiotics are crucial. Debridement and drainage are necessary for hand abscesses.
Systematic review of the association between lung function and Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Klein O. L. , Krishnan J. A. , Glick S. , Smith L. J. 
Published: July 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 977–987 (2010)AbstractAims  To describe the association between lung function and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods  We identified English language studies evaluating the association between lung function and diabetes mellitus in the MEDLINE database from 1 January 1975 to 31 December 2009. We evaluated study quality based on established criteria (54 studies were reviewed, 34 met the inclusion criteria).Results  Cross‐sectional studies showed that adults with diabetes mellitus have lower forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), with reductions in FVC more consistent than FEV1 and lower diffusion capacity (DLCO) compared with their non‐diabetic counterparts. The reduced lung function in patients with diabetes is inversely related to blood glucose levels, duration of diabetes and its severity and is independent of smoking or obesity. Findings in cohort studies have been less consistent, with only a few studies identifying an increased rate of lung function decline in adults with diabetes. In addition, other cohort studies have reported an association between decreased lung function and incident insulin resistance and diabetes. Studies evaluating biological mechanisms to explain the association between lung impairment and diabetes identified microangiopathy of the alveolar capillaries and pulmonary arterioles, chronic inflammation, autonomic neuropathy involving the respiratory muscles, loss of elastic recoil secondary to collagen glycosylation of lung parenchyma, hypoxia‐induced insulin resistance and low birthweight, as being associated with both insulin resistance and impaired lung function.Conclusions  There is an association between diabetes mellitus and decreased lung function, but the definitive direction as well as the exact pathophysiological mechanism to explain this association requires further investigation.
A 12‐year follow‐up study of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality among 10 532 people newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes in Tayside, Scotland
Authors: Barnett K. N. , Ogston S. A. , McMurdo M. E. T. , Morris A. D. , Evans J. M. M. 
Published: July 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1124–1129 (2010)AbstractAims  To determine absolute and relative risks of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes.Methods  In an observational cohort study using record‐linkage databases, based in Tayside, Scotland, UK, we identified newly diagnosed patients with Type 2 diabetes in 1993–2004. We also identified a set of non‐diabetic comparators from lists of patients registered with a general practice, individually matched to the diabetic patients by sex, age and deprivation. We followed up patients for mortality and cardiovascular mortality over a 12‐year period and calculated hazard ratios using Cox regression.Results  There were 10 532 patients with Type 2 diabetes and 21 056 non‐diabetic comparators. Diabetic patients in every age/sex group had higher absolute mortality rates. Even taking deprivation into account, the hazard ratio for mortality was 1.32 (95% CI 1.25–1.40), decreasing to 1.15 (1.09–1.22) after adjusting for pre‐existing cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for cardiovascular mortality were higher, decreasing from 1.51 (1.37–1.67) to 1.23 (1.11–1.36) after adjusting for pre‐existing cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios decreased with increasing age at diagnosis, although the difference in absolute rate of mortality increased slightly with age. Increased mortality risks were only evident 2 years after diagnosis and increased thereafter.Conclusions  Patients with Type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality compared with non‐diabetic comparators, although this is not observable immediately after diagnosis. Age at diagnosis and duration of the disease independently affect absolute and relative mortality risk.
Neural signatures of number processing in human infants: evidence for two core systems underlying numerical cognition
Authors: Hyde Daniel C. , Spelke Elizabeth S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBehavioral research suggests that two cognitive systems are at the foundations of numerical thinking: one for representing 1–3 objects in parallel and one for representing and comparing large, approximate numerical magnitudes. We tested for dissociable neural signatures of these systems in preverbal infants by recording event‐related potentials (ERPs) as 6–7.5‐month‐old infants (n = 32) viewed dot arrays containing either small (1–3) or large (8–32) sets of objects in a number alternation paradigm. If small and large numbers are represented by the same neural system, then the brain response to the arrays should scale with ratio for both number ranges, a behavioral and brain signature of the approximate numerical magnitude system obtained in animals and in human adults. Contrary to this prediction, a mid‐latency positivity (P500) over parietal scalp sites was modulated by the ratio between successive large, but not small, numbers. Conversely, an earlier peaking positivity (P400) over occipital‐temporal sites was modulated by the absolute cardinal value of small, but not large, numbers. These results provide evidence for two early developing systems of non‐verbal numerical cognition: one that responds to small quantities as individual objects and a second that responds to large quantities as approximate numerical values. These brain signatures are functionally similar to those observed in previous studies of non‐symbolic number with adults, suggesting that this dissociation may persist over vast differences in experience and formal training in mathematics.