bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracted: Determination of dextra–methylprednisolone conjugate with glycine linker in rat plasma and liver by high‐performance liquid chromatography and its application in pharmacokinetics
Authors: Zhang Shuang‐Qing , Mehvar Reza 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe following article from Biomedical Chromatography, Determination of dextra‐methylprednisolone conjugate with glycine linker in rat plasma and liver by high‐performance liquid chromatography and its application in pharmacokinetics by Shuang‐Qing Zhang and Reza Mehvar, published online on June 1st 2009 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor in Chief, Dr Chang Kee Lim and John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. The retraction has been agreed as the research article was submitted without Dr. Mehvar's knowledge or consent.
A rapid and simple HPLC method for the determination of curcumin in rat plasma: assay development, validation and application to a pharmacokinetic study of curcumin liposome
Authors: Li Ji , Jiang Yunyun , Wen Jun , Fan Guorong , Wu Yutian , Zhang Chuan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a sensitive, specific and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of curcumin in rat plasma. After a simple step of protein precipitation in 96‐well format using acetonitrile containing the internal standard (IS), emodin, plasma samples were analyzed by reverse‐phase HPLC. Curcumin and the IS emodin were separated on a Diamonsil C18analytical column (4.6 × 100 mm, 5 µm) using acetonitrile–5% acetic acid (75:25, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The method was sensitive with a lower limit of quantitation of 1 ng/mL, with good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.999) over the linear range 1–500 ng/mL. All the validation data, such as accuracy and precision, were within the required limits. A run time of 3.0 min for each sample made high‐throughput bioanalysis possible. The assay method was successfully applied to the study of the pharmacokinetics of curcumin liposome in rats. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification of the 90 kDa heat shock protein (hsp90) and simultaneous purification of hsp70/hsc70, hsp90 and hsp96 from mammalian tissues and cells using thiophilic interaction chromatography
Authors: Skarga Yuri , Vrublevskaya Veronika , Evdokimovskaya Yulia , Morenkov Oleg 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHeat shock proteins (HSPs) hsp70/hsc70, hsp90 and hsp96 were separated from mammalian cells and tissues on a gel obtained by the reaction of β‐mercaptoethanol with divinyl sulfone‐activated Sepharose CL‐6B (thiophilic gel or T‐gel). Hsp90 revealed a much higher affinity towards the T‐gel than the other HSPs. One‐step thiophilic interaction chromatography of proteins resulted in a more than 80% purity and 85% yield of hsp90. Based on this observation, a simple and efficient method for the purification of hsp90 and a procedure for the simultaneous purification of several HSPs (hsp70/hsc70, hsp90 and hsp96) using thiophilic interaction chromatography was developed. All the HSPs were recovered with a high yield and purity (90–99%). The results indicated that the thiophilic gel is a highly efficient affinity matrix for the purification of hsp90 and can be used in the protocols of purification of different HSPs from cells and tissues of various animal species. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous confirmation and determination of indandione rodenticides in serum
Authors: Chen Xiao‐hong , Cai Mei‐qiang , OuYang Xiao‐kun , Jin Mi‐cong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a simple method for the simultaneous determination and confirmation of the indandione rodenticides in serum. After samples were extracted with 10% (v/v) methanol in acetonitrile and cleaned by solid‐phase extraction, chromatographic separation was performed on an IonPac® AS11 analytical column (250 × 4.0 mm) using gradient KOH eluent with 10% (v/v) methanol as organic modifier. Confirmation was depended on the extensive fragmentation of the indandione molecule under MS/MS conditions which provides sufficient structural information. Quantification was performed by negative electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode. All the method parameters were validated. It was confirmed that this method could be used in clinical diagnosis and forensic toxicology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of chlordesmethyldiazepam by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: application to a cloxazolam bioequivalence study
Authors: Oliveira‐Silva Diogo , Oliveira Celso H. , Mendes Gustavo D. , Galvinas Paulo Alexandre R. , Barrientos‐Astigarraga Rafael E. , De Nucci Gilberto 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA rapid, sensitive and specific LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for quantifying chlordesmethyldiazepam (CDDZ or delorazepam), the active metabolite of cloxazolam, in human plasma. In the analytical assay, bromazepam (internal standard) and CDDZ were extracted using a liquid‐liquid extraction (diethyl‐ether/hexane, 80/20, v/v) procedure. The LC‐MS/MS method on a RP‐C18 column had an overall run time of 5.0 min and was linear (1/x weighted) over the range 0.5–50 ng/mL (R > 0.999). The between‐run precision was 8.0% (1.5 ng/mL), 7.6% (9 ng/mL), 7.4% (40 ng/mL), and 10.9% at the low limit of quantification—LLOQ (0.500 ng/mL). The between‐run accuracies were 0.1, –1.5, –2.7 and 8.7% for the above mentioned concentrations, respectively. All current bioanalytical method validation requirements (FDA and ANVISA) were achieved and it was applied to the bioequivalence study (Cloxazolam—test, Eurofarma Lab. Ltda and Olcadil®— reference, Novartis Biociências S/A). The relative bioavailability between both formulations was assessed by calculating individual test/reference ratios for Cmax, AUClast and AUC0‐inf. The pharmacokinetic profiles indicated bioequivalence since all ratios were as proposed by FDA and ANVISA. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The external quality assurance of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) analysis in human serum
Authors: Card David J. , Shearer Martin J. , Schurgers Leon J. , Harrington Dominic J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe vitamin K external quality assurance scheme (KEQAS) aims to assist in the harmonization of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) analysis in order to improve the comparability of clinical and nutritional studies. Serum samples were despatched to 17 groups from eight countries during 2000–2006. Using pilot data (1996–1999), an analytical performance target of 20% absolute difference from the all‐laboratory trimmed mean (ALTM) was assigned and formed the basis for interlaboratory comparison. Assay specificity, analytical bias and assay performance were evaluated. From 21 batches of samples distributed, 414 results were reported of which 2.7% were outliers. The mean interlaboratory absolute difference from the ALTM was 21.7% with 47% of groups consistently meeting the performance target. The mean interlaboratory coefficient of variation was 29.6%. The false positive rate for phylloquinone depleted samples was high at 35%. Bias was found to be independent of HPLC‐detector type (fluorescence vs electrochemical). Assay characteristics for the measurement of phylloquinone in human serum compare favourably with methods for analytes at equivalent concentrations. The high proportion of false positive results suggest that poor assay specificity at low phylloquinone concentrations is a common problem, which in the clinical setting could lead to underreporting of vitamin K deficiency. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of ofloxacin and ornidazole in pharmaceutical preparations by capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: See Khoo Lay , Elbashir Abdalla A. , Saad Bahruddin , Ali Abdussalam Salhin Mohamed , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA simple, rapid and validated capillary electrophoretic method has been developed for the separation and determination of ofloxacin and ornidazole in pharmaceutical formulations with detection at 230 nm. Optimal conditions for the quantitative separations were investigated. Analysis times shorter than 4 min were obtained using a background electrolyte solution consisting of 25 mmol/L phosphoric acid adjusted with 1 m Tris buffer to pH 8.5, with hydrodynamic injection of 5 s and 20 kV separation voltage. The validation criteria for accuracy, precision, linearity and limits of detection and quantitation were examined and discussed. An excellent linearity was obtained in concentration range 25–250 µg/mL. The detection limits for ofloxacin and ornidazole were 1.03 ± 0.11 and 1.80 ± 0.06 µg/mL, respectively. The proposed method has been applied for the analysis of ofloxacin and ornidazole both individually and in a combined dosage tablet formulation. The proposed validated method showed recoveries between 96.16 and 105.23% of the nominal contents. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic enantioresolution of six β‐blockers using dinitrophenyl‐l‐Pro‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester, N‐succinimidyl‐(S)‐2‐(6‐methoxynaphth‐2‐yl) propionate and twelve variants of Sanger's reagent as chiral derivatizing reagents
Authors: Bhushan Ravi , Tanwar Shivani 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwelve chiral derivatizing reagents (CDRs) were synthesized by substituting one of the fluorine atoms in 1,5‐difluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (DFDNB) with three optically pure amines [(R)‐(−)‐1‐cyclohexylethylamine, (+)‐dehydroabietylamine and (S)‐(−)‐α,4‐dimethylbenzylamine], six amino acid amides [l‐Ala‐NH2, l‐Phe‐NH2, l‐Val‐NH2, l‐Leu‐NH2, l‐Met‐NH2 and d‐Phg‐NH2] and three amino acids [l‐Ala, l‐Val and l‐Leu]. In addition, dinitrophenyl‐l‐Pro‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester and N‐succinimidyl‐(S)‐2‐(6‐methoxynaphth‐2‐yl) propionate were also synthesized and used as CDR. Keeping in view the presence of an amino group, diastereomers of six β‐blockers (atenolol, propranolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, salbutamol, and carvedilol) were synthesized by reaction with these 14 CDRs. The diastereomers were separated by RP‐HPLC. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, limit of detection and limit of quantification. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of pterostilbene in rat plasma by a simple HPLC‐UV method and its application in pre‐clinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Lin Hai‐Shu , Yue Bing‐De , Ho Paul C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA simple HPLC‐UV method was developed and validated for the quantification of pterostilbene (3,5‐dimethoxy‐4'‐hydroxy‐trans‐stilbene), a pharmacologically active phytoalexin in rat plasma. The assay was carried out by measuring the UV absorbance at 320 nm. Pterostilbene and the internal standard, 3,5,4'‐trimethoxy‐trans‐stilbene eluted at 5.7 and 9.2 min, respectively. The calibration curve (20–2000 ng/mL) was linear (R2 > 0.997). The lower limits of detection and of quantification were 6.7 and 20 ng/mL, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions in terms of RSD were all lower than 6%. The analytical recovery ranged from 95.5 ± 3.7 to 103.2 ± 0.7% while the absolute recovery ranged from 101.9 ± 1.1 to 104.9 ± 4.4%. This simple HPLC method was subsequently applied in a pharmacokinetic study carried out in Sprague–Dawley rats. The terminal elimination half‐life and clearance of pterostilbene were 96.6 ± 23.7 min and 37.0 ± 2.5 mL/min/kg, respectively, while its absolute oral bioavailability was 12.5 ± 4.7%. Pterostilbene appeared to have better pharmacokinetic characteristics than its natural occurring analog, resveratrol. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The bioanalysis of vinorelbine and 4‐O‐deacetylvinorelbine in human and mouse plasma using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with heated electrospray ionization tandem mass–spectrometry
Authors: Damen Carola W. N. , Lagas Jurjen S. , Rosing Hilde , Schellens Jan H. M. , Beijnen Jos H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA sensitive, specific and efficient high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous determination of vinorelbine and its metabolite 4‐O‐deacetylvinorelbine in human and mouse plasma is presented. Heated electrospray ionization was applied followed by tandem mass spectrometry. A 50 µL plasma aliquot was protein precipitated with acetonitrile–methanol (1:1, v/v) containing the internal standard vinorelbine‐d3 and 20 µL volumes were injected onto the HPLC system. Separation was achieved on a 50 × 2.1 mm i.d. Xbridge C18 column using isocratic elution with 1 mm ammonium acetate–ammonia buffer pH 10.5–acetonitrile–methanol (28:12:60, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The HPLC run time was 5 min. The assay quantifies both vinorelbine and 4‐O‐deacetylvinorelbine from 0.1 to 100 ng/mL using sample volumes of only 50 µL. Mouse plasma samples can be quantified using calibration curves prepared in human plasma. Validation results demonstrate that vinorelbine and 4‐O‐deacetylvinorelbine can be accurately and precisely quantified in human and mouse plasma with the presented method. The assay is now in use to support (pre‐)clinical pharmacologic studies with vinorelbine in humans and mice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid detection of ketamine and norketamine in rat hair using micropulverized extraction and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Inagaki Shinsuke , Makino Hatsune , Fukushima Takeshi , Min Jun Zhe , Toyo'oka Toshimasa 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA new method for the rapid and simultaneous detection of ketamine and its major metabolite, norketamine, in rat hair has been developed by combining micropulverized extraction and ultraperformance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. By using reversed‐phase UPLC, ketamine and norketamine were well separated within 2 min. Using ketamine‐dosed rat hair, the conditions for micropulverized extraction were optimized, and the limits of detection and quantification of the developed method were found to be 1.7 and 5.7 pg/mg hair for ketamine, respectively. The precisions achieved with this method were slightly better than that obtained with conventional acidic methanol extraction method. Using this proposed method, analysis of the washed rat hair could be completed within 16–17 min. This method is expected to be applied for the analysis of the hair samples of not only rats but also ketamine abusers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid quantification of levosulpiride in human plasma using RP‐HPLC‐MS/MS for pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study
Authors: Park Jin‐Hee , Park Yoo‐Sin , Rhim Si‐Youn , Kim Hyun‐Jin , Jhee Ok‐Hwa , Lee Yun‐Sik , Lee Min‐Ho , Shaw Leslie M. , Kang Ju‐Seop 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA rapid and validated method for analysis of levosulpiride in human plasma using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was developed. Levosulpiride and tiapride (IS, internal standard) were extracted from alkalized plasma samples with ethylacetate and separation by RP‐HPLC. Detection was performed by positive ion electrospray ionization in multiple‐reaction monitoring mode, monitoring the transitions m/z 342.1 → m/z 112.2 and m/z 329.1 → m/z 213.2, for quantification of levosulpiride and IS, respectively. The standard calibration curves showed good linearity within the range of 2–200 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.9990). The lower limit of quantitation was 2 ng/mL. The retention times of levosulpiride (0.63 min) and IS (0.66 min) presented a significant time saving benefit of the proposed method. No significant metabolic compounds were found to interfere with the analysis. This method offered good precision and accuracy and was successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study of a 25 mg of levosulpiride tablet in 24 healthy Korean volunteers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Racial differences in the associations of neighborhood disadvantage, exposure to violence, and criminal recidivism among female juvenile offenders
Authors: Chauhan Preeti , Reppucci N. Dickon , Turkheimer Eric N. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe current study examined the impact of exposure to violence and neighborhood disadvantage on criminal recidivism among Black (n = 69) and White (n = 53) female juvenile offenders. Participants were girls between the ages of 13 and 19 (M = 16.8; SD = 1.2) who were sentenced to secure custody. Using a multi‐method research design, the study assessed neighborhood disadvantage through census level data, exposure to violence through self‐report, and criminal recidivism through official records. Results indicated that Black girls were significantly more likely than White girls to live in disadvantaged neighborhoods, but both reported similar levels of parental physical abuse and witnessing neighborhood violence. In structural equation models, neighborhood disadvantage and witnessing neighborhood violence were indicative of future recidivism for the group as a whole. However, multiple group analyses indicated the existence of race specific pathways to recidivism. Witnessing neighborhood violence was associated with recidivism for Black girls while parental physical abuse was associated with recidivism for White girls. Results suggest that characteristics within the neighborhood play a considerable role in recidivism among female juvenile offenders generally and Black female juvenile offenders, specifically. Race specific risk models warrant further investigation, and may help lawmakers and clinicians in addressing racial disparities in the justice system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2D shape manipulation via topology‐aware rigid grid
Authors: Yang Wenwu , Feng Jieqing 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a new method which allows user to manipulate a two‐dimensional shape in an intuitive and flexible way. The shape is discretized as a regular grid. User places handles on the grid and manipulates the shape by moving the handles to the desired positions. To meet the constraints of the user's manipulation, the grid is then deformed in an as‐rigid‐as‐possible way. However, this straightforward approach tends to produce unnatural deformations when the grid resolution is not high enough to capture the topological structure of the shape. In the proposed method, the regular grid is trimmed and only the cells that are inside the fatty regions of the shape are preserved, namely “interior grid.” When user manipulates the shape, the interior grid and the shape boundary curve are deformed with minimum distortions. To make the deformations of the interior grid and the boundary curve consistent, a junction energy is introduced. In this way, the unnatural deformation effects could be effectively removed and the physically plausible results can be obtained. Meanwhile, the proposed approach provides user an intuitive and simple way to adjust the shape global and local stiffnesses. The deformation is formulated as an energy minimization problem. The energy function is non‐quadratic and could be efficiently solved using an iterative solver with the fast summation technique that exploits the interior grid and boundary curve regularities. In addition, the method could be easily extended to manipulate curves and stick figures. Experimental results demonstrate the capability and flexibility of the new method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast simulation of skin sliding
Authors: Yang Xiaosong , Southern Richard , Zhang Jian Jun 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSkin sliding is the phenomenon of the skin moving over underlying layers of fat, muscle and bone. Due to the complex interconnections between these separate layers and their differing elasticity properties, it is difficult to model and expensive to compute. We present a novel method to simulate this phenomenon at real‐time by remeshing the surface based on a parameter space resampling. In order to evaluate the surface parametrization, we borrow a technique from structural engineering known as the force density method (FDM)which solves for an energy minimizing form with a sparse linear system. Our method creates a realistic approximation of skin sliding in real‐time, reducing texture distortions in the region of the deformation. In addition it is flexible, simple to use, and can be incorporated into any animation pipeline. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stylized lighting for cartoon shader
Authors: Todo Hideki , Anjyo Ken , Igarashi Takeo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn the context of non‐photorealistic imaging, such as digital cel animation, lighting is symbolic and stylized to depict the scene's mood and the geometric or physical features of the objects in the scene. Stylized light and shade should therefore be intentionally animated rather than rigorously simulated. However, it is difficult to achieve smooth animation of light and shade that are stylized with a user's intention, because such stylization cannot be achieved using just conventional 3D lighting. To address this problem, we propose a 3D stylized lighting method, focusing on several stylized effects including straight lighting, edge lighting, and detail lighting which are important features in hand‐drawn cartoon animation. Our method is an extension of the conventional cartoon shader and introduces a light coordinate system for light shape control with smooth animations of light and shade. We also extend a toon mapping process for detailed feature lighting. Having these algorithms in a real‐time cartoon shader, our prototype system allows the interactive creation of stylized lighting animations. We show several animation results obtained by our method to illustrate usefulness and effectiveness of our method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactive chroma keying for mixed reality
Authors: Beato Nicholas , Zhang Yunjun , Colbert Mark , Yamazawa Kazumasa , Hughes Charles E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn Mixed Reality (MR) applications, immersion of virtual objects in captured video contributes to the perceived unification of two worlds, one real, one synthetic. Since virtual actors and surround may appear both closer and farther than real objects, compositing must consider spatial relationships in the resulting world. Chroma keying, often called blue screening or green screening, is one common solution to this problem. This method is under‐constrained and most commonly addressed through a combination of environment preparation and commercial products. In interactive MR domains that impose restrictions on the video camera hardware, such as in experiences using video see‐through (VST) head‐mounted displays (HMD), chroma keying becomes even more difficult due to the relatively low camera quality, the use of m ltiple camera sources (one per eye), and the required processing speed. Dealing with these constraints requires a fast and affordable solution. In our approach, we precondition the chroma key by using principal component analysis (PCA) to obtain usable alpha mattes from video streams in real‐time on commodity graphics processing units (GPUs). In addition, we demonstrate how our method compares to off‐line commercial keying tools and how it performs with respect to signal noise within the video stream. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.