bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical practice recommendations for bipolar disorder
Authors: Malhi G. S. , Adams D. , Lampe L. , Paton M. , O’Connor N. , Newton L. A. , Walter G. , Taylor A. , Porter R. , Mulder R. T. , Berk M. 
Published: April 2009

Objective:  To provide clinically relevant evidence‐based recommendations for the management of bipolar disorder in adults that are informative, easy to assimilate and facilitate clinical decision‐making.Method:  A comprehensive literature review of over 500 articles was undertaken using electronic database search engines (e.g. MEDLINE, PsychINFO and Cochrane reviews). In addition articles, book chapters and other literature known to the authors were reviewed. The findings were then formulated into a set of recommendations that were developed by a multidisciplinary team of clinicians who routinely deal with mood disorders. These preliminary recommendations underwent extensive consultative review by a broader advisory panel that included experts in the field, clinical staff and patient representatives.Results:  The clinical practice recommendations for bipolar disorder (bipolar CPR) summarise evidence‐based treatments and provide a synopsis of recommendations relating to each phase of the illness. They are designed for clinical use and have therefore been presented succinctly in an innovative and engaging manner that is clear and informative.Conclusion:  These up‐to‐date recommendations provide an evidence‐based framework that incorporates clinical wisdom and consideration of individual factors in the management of bipolar disorder. Further, the novel style and practical approach should promote their uptake and implementation.
Predicting future distributions of mountain plants under climate change: does dispersal capacity matter?
Authors: Engler Robin , Randin Christophe F. , Vittoz Pascal , Czáka Thomas , Beniston Martin , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Guisan Antoine 
Published: April 2009

Many studies have investigated the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of plant species, but few have attempted to constrain projections through plant dispersal limitations. Instead, most studies published so far have simplified dispersal as either unlimited or null. However, depending on the dispersal capacity of a species, landscape fragmentation, and the rate of climatic change, these assumptions can lead to serious over‐ or underestimation of the future distribution of plant species.To quantify the discrepancies between simulations accounting for dispersal or not, we carried out projections of future distribution over the 21st century for 287 mountain plant species in a study area of the western Swiss Alps. For each species, simulations were run for four dispersal scenarios (unlimited dispersal, no dispersal, realistic dispersal, and realistic dispersal with long‐distance dispersal events) and under four climate change scenarios.Although simulations accounting for realistic dispersal limitations did significantly differ from those considering dispersal as unlimited or null in terms of projected future distribution, the unlimited dispersal simplification did nevertheless provide good approximations for species extinctions under more moderate climate change scenarios. Overall, simulations accounting for dispersal limitations produced, for our mountainous study area, results that were significantly closer to unlimited dispersal than to no dispersal. Finally, analysis of the temporal pattern of species extinctions over the entire 21st century revealed that important species extinctions for our study area might not occur before the 2080–2100 period, due to the possibility of a large number of species shifting their distribution to higher elevation.
Biological Safety of LipoFullerene composed of Squalane and Fullerene‐C60 upon Mutagenesis, Photocytotoxicity, and Permeability into the Human Skin Tissue
Authors: Kato Shinya , Aoshima Hisae , Saitoh Yasukazu , Miwa Nobuhiko 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:  Fullerene‐C60 (C60) is mainly applied in the aqueous phase by wrapping with water‐soluble polymer or by water‐solublizing chemical‐modification, whereas C60 dissolved in oil is scarcely applied; still less explicable is its toxicity. We dissolved C60 in squalane at near‐saturated or higher concentrations (220–500 ppm), named LipoFullerene (LF‐SQ), and examined its biological safety. LF‐SQ was administered at doses of 0.49–1000 µg/ml to fibroblast cells Balb/3T3, and showed that cell viability was almost equal to that of the control regardless of the UVA‐ or sham‐irradiation, indicating no phototoxicity. Reverse mutation by LF‐SQ was examined on four histidine‐demanding strains of Salmonella typhimurium and a tryptophan‐demanding strain of Escherichia coli. As for the dosages of LF‐SQ (313–5000 µg/plate), the dose‐dependency of the number of reverse mutation colonies of each strain did not show a marked difference when compared with the negative control, regardless of the metabolic activation, in contrast to twice or more differences for five positive controls (sodium azide, N‐ethyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine, 2‐nitrofluorene, 9‐aminoacridine, and 2‐aminoanthracene). In human skin biopsy built in a diffusion chamber, C60 permeated into the epidermis at 33.6 nmol/g tissue (24.2 ppm), on administration with LF‐SQ containing 223 ppm of C60, but not detected in the dermis even after 24 hrs, as analysed by HPLC. It is presumed that LF‐SQ can permeate into the epidermis via the corneum but can not penetrate the basement membrane, and so can not reach into the dermis, suggesting no necessity for considering a toxicity of C60 due to systemic circulation via dermal veins. Thus, C60 dissolved in squalane may not give any significant biological toxic effects such as photocytotoxicity, bacterial reverse mutagenicity, and permeability into the human skin.
Understanding the Spreading Patterns of Mobile Phone Viruses
Authors: Wang Pu , González Marta C. , Hidalgo César A. , Barabási Albert-László 
Published: April 2009

Viruses and Mobile PhonesWhile traditional cellphones have been relatively immune to viruses, smartphones (like Palm, Blackberry, iPhone, and many Nokia brands) that can share programs and data with each other could potentially be vulnerable to virus epidemics. Why then haven't we experienced any major mobile virus outbreak so far?Wanget al.(p. 1071; published online 2 April; see the Perspective byHavlin) believe that the answer is related to the spreading patterns possible in the current mobile phone systems. They studied the anonymized billing record of a mobile phone company, representing the calling patterns and the coordinates of the closest mobile phone tower each time a group of 6.2 million mobile phone subscribers used their phone. While a Bluetooth virus could reach all susceptible users given sufficient time, its spread, limited by human mobility, was relatively slow. In contrast, MMS viruses would have an explosive spreading pattern, but could only reach the group of individuals that know each other and carry the same phone. Thus, no major virus outbreak is likely until one operating system encompasses a larger fraction of the total smartphone market.
Quantification of Human Polyomaviruses JC Virus and BK Virus by TaqMan Quantitative PCR and Comparison to Other Water Quality Indicators in Water and Fecal Samples
Authors: McQuaig Shannon M. , Scott Troy M. , Lukasik Jerzy O. , Paul John H. , Harwood Valerie J. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

In the United States, total maximum daily load standards for bodies of water that do not meet bacterial water quality standards are set by each state. The presence of human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) can be used as an indicator of human-associated sewage pollution in these waters. We have developed and optimized a TaqMan quantitative PCR (QPCR) assay based on the conserved T antigen to both quantify and simultaneously detect two HPyVs; JC virus and BK virus. The QPCR assay was able to consistently quantify ≥10 gene copies per reaction and is linear over 5 orders of magnitude. HPyVs were consistently detected in human waste samples (57 of 64) and environmental waters with known human fecal contamination (5 of 5) and were not amplified in DNA extracted from 127 animal waste samples from 14 species. HPyV concentrations in sewage decreased 81.2 and 84.2% over 28 days incubation at 25 and 35°C, respectively. HPyVs results were compared to
Escherichia coli
, fecal coliform, and enterococci concentrations and the presence of three other human-associated microbes:
Bacteroidetes
,
Methanobrevibacter smithii
, and adenovirus. HPyVs were the most frequently detected of these in human and contaminated environmental samples and were more human specific than the
Bacteroidetes
(HF183) or
M. smithii
. HPyVs and
M. smithii
more closely mimicked the persistence of adenovirus in sewage than the other microbes. The use of this rapid and quantitative assay in water quality research could help regulatory agencies to identify sources of water pollution for improved remediation of contaminated waters and ultimately protect humans from exposure to pathogens.
Pedestrian injuries in school-attending children: a comparison of injury data sources in a low-income setting
Authors: Lee P P S , Mihailovic A , Rothman L , Mutto M , Nakitto M , Howard A W 
Published: April 2009

Objective:To estimate and compare the rate of pedestrian injuries in primary school-attending children of urban Uganda using different data sources.Design:Data collection from a hospital-based trauma registry, police data, teacher reports, and a cross-sectional community-based survey.Setting:Kawempe, the largest urban district in the capital Kampala, Uganda.Patients or subjects:Primary school-attending children aged 4–12 from 39 randomly selected schools were included in the trauma registry, police data, and teacher reports. 1828 households randomly selected from the 39 schools were interviewed for the community survey.Main outcome measure:A pedestrian injury. For the trauma registry—defined as a pedestrian injury resulting in a visit to the hospital. For the police data—defined as a pedestrian injury reported to the police. For the teacher reports and survey—defined as a pedestrian injury resulting in at least a day off school.Results:The estimated pedestrian injury rates per 100 000 person-years were 54.0 (95% CI 25.3 to 117.4), <53.97 (95% CI 23.8 to 125.9), 1878.8 (95% CI 1513.1 to 2322.4), and 764.0 (95% CI 523.3 to 1117.2) from the trauma registry, police data, teacher reports, and community survey, respectively.Conclusions:Pedestrian injury rates differed significantly between different data sources. Users must be aware of the different target populations, definitions, and limitations of the data sources before direct comparisons are made. Injury reports by volunteer teachers may be a feasible source of injury data in other low/middle-income countries.
Unintentional injuries in school-aged children and adolescents: lessons from a systematic review of cohort studies
Authors: Mytton J , Towner E , Brussoni M , Gray S 
Published: April 2009

Objectives:To critically synthesise current knowledge of the patterns of injuries and risk factors for injury in school-aged children, to summarise the evidence and support effective child injury prevention initiatives.Design:Systematic review.Selection criteria and methods:Prospective cohort studies reporting unintentional injuries in healthy children aged 5–18 years were identified by searching 15 electronic databases and additional grey literature sources. A narrative synthesis was conducted of papers meeting quality criteria, with risk factors analysed at individual, family and environmental levels. Limitations of existing evidence were considered.Results:44 papers from 18 different cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. There were broad and consistent patterns of injury across time and place. Male sex, psychological, behavioural and risk-taking behaviour problems, having a large number of siblings, and a young mother were all associated with increased injury occurrence across more than one cohort and setting.Conclusions:Descriptive epidemiology and risk factors for injury were derived from prospective cohort studies, but few studies used the full potential of their design. Opportunities to use repeated measures to assess temporal changes in injury occurrence, and the exploration of risk factors, particularly those related to the child’s environment, have rarely been undertaken. Few studies were conducted in low/middle-income countries where the burden of injury is greatest. These findings should be considered when planning future research and prevention initiatives.
Substance use among road traffic casualties admitted to emergency departments
Authors: Santamariña-Rubio E , Pérez K , Ricart I , Rodríguez-Sanz M , Rodríguez-Martos A , Brugal M T , Borrell C , Ariza C , Díez E , Beneyto V M , Nebot M , Ramos P , Suelves J M 
Published: April 2009

Objective:To describe the prevalence of recent psychoactive substance use and associated factors among road traffic casualties admitted to emergency departments.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out, including adults injured in road traffic crashes admitted to the emergency department (ED) of eight hospitals in Catalonia (Spain), during three cross-sections, each of 4 days duration (2005–2006). Information sources were an interview, an oral fluid specimen and the patient’s clinical record. Dependent variables were presence of alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy, opiates or benzodiazepines. Independent variables were socioeconomic characteristics and circumstances of the injuries and admission. Prevalence and exact 95% confidence intervals were estimated for men and women. Bivariate analyses and multivariate binomial regression modelling were carried out to study factors associated with substance use in male drivers and pedestrians.Results:The prevalence of substance use was higher in men (n = 226) than in women (n = 161) for any substance (34.4% and 16.2%), any illegal substance (19.3% and 7.6%), alcohol (18.5% and 9.2%) and cannabis (17.0% and 3.8%), respectively. In male drivers and pedestrians, alcohol use was associated with being in the 25–30-year age group, being injured at night and the weekend, and arriving at the ED by ambulance; cannabis use was only associated with being in the 18–30-year age group.Conclusions:A high prevalence of recent psychoactive substance use, especially alcohol, cannabis and cocaine, was observed in all age groups. The results indicate the need to screen for substance use and to give simple advice to casualties at EDs.
Evaluation of an emergency department-based injury surveillance project in China using WHO guidelines
Authors: Liu X , Li L , Cui H , Liu X , Jackson V W 
Published: April 2009

Objectives:To assess an emergency department-based injury surveillance project (S-EDISP) in China using WHO evaluation guidelines. To identify problems and make suggestions for improvement.Methods:According to the methods provided by the WHO injury surveillance guidelines, retrospective evaluation, process evaluation and system environment evaluations were implemented monthly from 1 April 2006 to 31 March 2007.Results:Results were collected in the three categories provided by WHO. (1)Retrospective evaluation. The injury rate from all emergency department (ED) logs was 40.4%, with no significant difference between weekends and weekdays. The accuracy of S-EDISP (percentage of injuries reported by the project) was 53.7%, and the accuracy rate (percentage of injuries accurately coded) was 79.3%. The differences between weekdays and weekends were significant for the accuracy of S-EDISP (59.0% vs 49.0%, respectively; p<0.05) and the accuracy rate (75.1% vs 88.7%, respectively; p = 0.03). The predictive value of the system was 100%. (2)Process evaluation. 87.0% of surveillance forms were filled out, and the mean (SD) completion time was 29.5 (4.0) min. Rates of incompletion of the forms were 31.6%, 40.0%, 23.8% and 50.0%, respectively, for every 6 h from 00:00 onwards (p = 0.051). (3)System environment evaluation. The staff included doctors (45.8%), interns (20.8%) and students (29.2%). Most of the staff (87.5%) had completed the S-EDISP training, and 41.7% of them reported difficulties with injury surveillance.Conclusions:The accuracy of S-EDISP and completeness of the forms require improvement. Full-time, professional staff should be hired for monitoring injuries in order to provide a better work environment. The problems identified and suggestions provided should be useful in developing a national injury surveillance system for China and other low-resource regions.
The neutral hydrolysis of methyl acetate — Part 1. Kinetic experiments
Authors: Hsieh Yih-Huang , Weinberg Noham , Wolfe Saul 
Published: April 2009

The neutral hydrolysis of methyl acetate and catalysis of the reaction by the acetic acid product have been studied in the temperature range 90–110 °C. Extrapolated to 25 °C, the rate constants are 0.17 × 10−8 s–1 for the uncatalyzed reaction and 1.4 × 10−4 (mol/L)–1s–1 for the catalyzed reaction. The acid catalysis is specific not general: at 90 °C the rate constants for hydrochloric acid catalysis and catalysis by ionized acetic acid are the same as the rate constant, kH = 1.4 × 10−2 (mol/L)–1s–1, determined in the neutral reaction.
EXPLORING THE DIMENSIONALITY OF SERVICE QUALITY: AN APPLICATION OF TOPSIS IN THE INDIAN BANKING INDUSTRY
Authors: PAL MANABENDRA N. , CHOUDHURY KOUSHIKI 
Published: April 2009

The Indian banking industry is going through turbulent times. With the lowering of entry barriers and blurring product lines of banks and non-banks since the financial sector reforms, banks are functioning increasingly under competitive pressures. Hence, it is imperative that banks maintain a loyal customer base. In order to achieve this and improve their market positions, many retail banks are directing their strategies towards increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty through improved service quality. Moreover, with the advent of international banking and innovations in the marketplace, customers are having greater and greater difficulty in selecting one institution from another. Hence, to gain and sustain competitive advantages in the fast changing retail banking industry in India, it is crucial for banks to understand in-depth what customers perceive to be the key dimensions of service quality and to evaluate banks on these dimensions. This is because if service quality dimensions can be identified, service managers should be able to improve the delivery of customer perceived quality during the service process and have greater control over the overall outcome. The study suggests that customers distinguish four dimensions of service quality in the case of the retail banking industry in India, namely, customer-orientedness, competence, tangibles and convenience. A methodological innovation in this study has been in the use of TOPSIS in the field of customer-perceived service quality. TOPSIS has been used to evaluate and ranking the relative performance of the banks across the service quality dimensions. Identifying the underlying dimensions of the service quality construct and evaluating the performance of the banks across these factors is the first step in the definition and hence provision of quality service in the Indian retail banking industry.
ATTRIBUTE SELECTION USING ROUGH SETS IN SOFTWARE QUALITY CLASSIFICATION
Authors: KHOSHGOFTAAR TAGHI M. , BULLARD LOFTON A. , GAO KEHAN 
Published: April 2009

Finding techniques to reduce software developmental effort and produce highly reliable software is an extremely vital goal for software developers. One method that has proven quite useful is the application of software metrics-based classification models. Classification models can be constructed to identify faulty components in a software system with high accuracy. Significant research has been dedicated towards developing methods for improving the quality of software metrics-based classification models. It has been shown in several studies that the accuracy of these models improves when irrelevant attributes are identified and eliminated from the training data set. This study presents a rough set theory approach, based on classical set theory, for identifying and eliminating irrelevant attributes from a training data set. Rough set theory is used to find small groups of attributes, determined by the relationships that exist between the objects in a data set, with comparable discernibility as larger sets of attributes. This allows for the development of simpler classification models that are easy for analyst to understand and explain to others. We built case-based reasoning models in order to evaluate their classification performance on the smaller subsets of attributes selected using rough set theory. The empirical studies demonstrated that by applying a rough set approach to find small subsets of attributes we can build case-based reasoning models with an accuracy comparable to, and in some cases better than, a case-based reasoning model built with a complete set of attributes.
Stratigraphy, depositional environments and geodynamic significance of the Upper Bajocian–Bathonian Kashafrud Formation, NE Iran
Authors: Taheri Jafar , Fürsich Franz Theodor , Wilmsen Markus 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A strongly subsiding rift basin in NE Iran, the Kashafrud Basin, opened in the Late Bajocian with the accumulation of more than 2000 m of Upper Bajocian–Upper Bathonian siliciclastic sediments. These sediments comprise the Kashafrud Formation, which crops out along a NW–SE stretch of more than 200 km and occupies a width of 50 km, situated between the Koppeh Dagh and the Binalud Mountains. Ten sections of the formation were logged. Sedimentary environments range from non-marine alluvial fans and braided rivers in the lowermost part of the succession to deltas, succeeded by storm-dominated shelf, slope and deep-marine basin. Monotonous mudstones and turbidites prevail in the deep-marine part of the basin. The thickness and facies of the Kashafrud Formation vary strongly between localities, and reflect distance from the rift margins as well as submarine topography, which was shaped by block tectonics. The Kashafrud Basin is interpreted as the eastern extension of the South Caspian Basin, which entered the rifting stage in the late Early Jurassic and the spreading stage in the Late Bajocian.