bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Diffuse Interstellar Bands: an Elderly Astro-Puzzle Rejuvenated
Authors: Cox Nick L. J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe interstellar medium constitutes a physically and chemically complex component of galaxies and is important in the cycle of matter and the evolution of stars. From various spectroscopic clues we now know that the interstellar medium is rich in organic compounds. However, identifying the exact nature of all these components remains a challenge. In particular the identification of the so-called diffuse band carriers has been alluding astronomers for almost a century.In recent decades, observational, experimental and theoretical advances have rapidly lead to renewed interest in the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). This has been instigated partly by their perceived relation to the infrared aromatic emission bands, the UV extinction bump and far-UV rise, and the growing number of (small) organic molecules identified in space.This chapter gives an overview of the observational properties and behaviour of the DIBs, and their presence throughout the Universe. I will highlight recent progress in identifying their carriers and discuss their potential as tracers and probes of (extra)-Galactic ISM conditions.
Molecules in Supernova Ejecta
Authors: Cherchneff Isabelle , Sarangi Arkaprabha 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe first molecules detected at infrared wavelengths in the ejecta of a Type II supernova, namely SN1987A, consisted of CO and SiO. Since then, confirmation of the formation of these two species in several other supernovae a few hundred days after explosion has been obtained. However, supernova environments appear to hamper the synthesis of large, complex species due to the lack of microscopically-mixed hydrogen deep in supernova cores. Because these environments also form carbon and silicate dust, it is of importance to understand the role played by molecules in the depletion of elements and how chemical species get incorporated into dust grains. In the present paper, we review our current knowledge of the molecular component of supernova ejecta, and present new trends and results on the synthesis of molecules in these harsh, explosive events.
Conference Summary
Authors: Black John H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBy any measure, IAU Symposium 280 has been an outstanding success: more than 400 participants represented at least 30 countries with 74 presentations and more than 300 posters. Beyond these numbers, it is evident that the cross-disciplinary field of astrochemistry is flourishing with excellent prospects for growth in the future. We have enjoyed the excitement of new, unexpected results from the Herschel Space Observatory and eagerly await new opportunities and facilities that will arise in the coming months and years.
Intelligenz, Persönlichkeit, Einkommen und Fremdbeurteilungen der Leistung in sozialen Berufen
Authors: Blickle Gerhard , Kramer Jochen 
Published: December 2011

Soziale Berufe (sensu KldB 92, Vh 86; Statistisches Bundesamt, 1992 , S. 51) bilden ein wesentliches Segment des Arbeitsmarktes in Deutschland. Gleichwohl liegen bisher keine Befunde dazu vor, wie Intelligenz und Persönlichkeitsmerkmale mit Leistungsbeurteilungen und Einkommen in diesem Bereich zusammenhängen. Dies wurde in der vorliegenden Studie bei 142 erwerbstätigen Personen aus sozialen Berufen untersucht. Die Leistung wurde auf den Dimensionen aufgabenbezogene Leistung, Arbeitseinsatz und Sozialverhalten durch Vorgesetzte oder Kollegen beurteilt. Kontrolliert wurden Alter, Geschlecht und Bildung. Die Allgemeine Intelligenz stand in Beziehung zum Einkommen, nicht aber zur aufgabenbezogenen Leistung. Gewissenhaftigkeit stand in Beziehung zur aufgabenbezogenen Leistung und zum Arbeitseinsatz. Das Sozialverhalten sowie der Arbeitseinsatz standen in Beziehung zum Persönlichkeitsmerkmal Verträglichkeit. Diese Befunde liefern Hinweise darauf, dass Persönlichkeitstests bei der Personalauswahl auch in diesem Berufsbereich nutzbringend eingesetzt werden können. Für Intelligenztests konnte dies nicht nachgewiesen werden. Weitere theoretische und praktische Implikationen der Befunde sowie Stärken und Grenzen der Studie werden diskutiert.
Benefit of Combined Triiodothyronine (LT3) and Thyroxine (LT4) Treatment in Athyreotic Patients Unresponsive to LT4 Alone
Authors: Solter D. , Solter M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDespite some reports, the usefulness of levothyroxine ( LT4) and levotriiodothyronine (LT3) combination therapy in hypothyroidism remains controversial. The objective of this paper is to study a benefit of additional LT3 in athyreotic patients who failed to normalize TSH on LT4 alone even with hyperthyroid serum T4 values.In a survey of 200 athyreotic patients treated between 2006 and 2009, about 7% failed to normalize serum TSH levels following treatment with LT4, though serum T4 values in the hyperthyroid range were achieved. These patients (characterized by serum T4≥160 nmol/L and TSH≥5.0 mIU/L), were additionally treated with 10 μg b. i. d LT3. LT3 and LT4 combination therapy resulted in decreased serum TSH levels into the normal range (12.8 vs. 1.22 mIU/L; p<0.01) and reduced LT4 dose (153.3 vs. 117.5 μg; p<0.01) required for normalization of serum T4 values (170.6 vs. 123.3 nmol/L; p<0.01). Serum T3 values were higher (1.3 vs. 2.26 nmol/L; p<0.01) than those during monotherapy with LT4.Our results indicate a subpopulation of athyreotic patients that could significantly benefit from combined LT4 + LT3 therapy in restoring normal TSH and thyroid hormone patterns. Further research should be undertaken to provide a genetic basis for these findings.
Acetylcholinesterase activity in the rat brain after pneumococcal meningitis
Authors: Barichello Tatiana , Generoso Jaqueline S. , Collodel Allan , Moreira Ana Paula , Michelon Cleonice M. , Raupp Alice , Cipriano Andreza L. , Fraga Daiane de Bittencourt , Zugno Alexandra I. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTPneumococcal meningitis is a life‐threatening disease characterized by acute purulent infection of the meninges causing neuronal injury, cortical necrosis and hippocampal apoptosis. Cholinergic neurons and their projections are extensively distributed throughout the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to assess acetylcholinesterase activity in the rat brain after pneumococcal meningitis. In the hippocampus, frontal cortex and cerebrospinal fluid, acetylcholinesterase activity was found to be increased at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hr without antibiotic treatment, and at 48 and 96 hr with antibiotic treatment. Our data suggest that acetylcholinesterase activity could be related to neuronal damage induced by pneumococcal meningitis.
Patterns of natural mortality in stream‐living brown trout (Salmo trutta)
Authors: LOBÓN‐CERVIÁ JAVIER , BUDY PHAEDRA , MORTENSEN ERIK 
Published: December 2011

Summary1. We tested the hypothesis that lifetime mortality patterns and their corresponding rates and causal factors differ among populations of stream‐living salmonids. To this end, we examined the lifetime mortality patterns of several successive cohorts of two stream‐living brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations in Spain and Denmark.2. In the southern population, we observed a consistent two‐phase pattern, in which mortality was negligible during the first half of the lifetime and severe during the rest of the lifetime. In contrast, the northern population demonstrated a three‐phase pattern with an earlier phase varying from negligible to severe, followed by a second stage of weak mortality, and lastly by a third life stage of severe mortality.3. Despite substantial differences in the mortality patterns between the two populations, the combined effect of recruitment (as a proxy of the density‐dependent processes occurring during the lifetime) and mean body mass (as a proxy of growth experienced by individuals in a given cohort) explainedc.89% of the total lifetime mortality rates across cohorts and populations.4. A comparison with other published data on populations of stream‐living brown trout within its native range highlighted lifetime mortality patterns of one, two, three and four phases, but also suggested that common patterns may occur in populations that experience similar individual growth and population density.
The detection of periapical pathosis using periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography – Part 1: pre‐operative status
Authors: Patel S. , Wilson R. , Dawood A. , Mannocci F. 
Published: December 2011

Patel S, Wilson R, Dawood A, Mannocci F. The detection of periapical pathosis using periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography – Part 1: pre‐operative status.* International Endodontic Journal, 45, 702–710, 2012.AbstractAim  Part 1 of this 2 part study aims to compare the prevalence of periapical lesions on individual roots viewed with intraoral (periapical) radiographs and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) of teeth treatment planned for endodontic treatment.§Methodology  Diagnostic periapical radiographs and CBCT scans were taken of 151 teeth in 132 patients diagnosed with primary endodontic disease. The presence or absence of periapical lesions was assessed by a consensus panel consisting of two calibrated examiners, a consensus agreement was reached if there was any disagreement. The panel viewed the images under standardised conditions. Part 2 will compare the radiographic outcome 1 year after completion of primary root canal treatment.¶Results  Two hundred and seventy‐three paired roots were assessed with both radiological systems, periapical lesions were present in 55 (20%) and absent in 218 (80%) roots assessed with periapical radiographs. When the same 273 sets of roots were assessed with CBCT, lesions were present in 130 (48%) and absent in 143 (52%) roots. Seventy‐five additional roots were detected with CBCT.Conclusion  The limitations of periapical radiographs which may hinder the detection of periapical lesions are overcome with CBCT. This results in firstly, more roots being assessed, and secondly, more periapical lesions being detected with CBCT.
Converting policy into care: women’s satisfaction with the early labour telephone component of the All Wales Clinical Pathway for Normal Labour
Authors: Green Josephine M. , Spiby Helen , Hucknall Clare , Richardson Foster Helen 
Published: December 2011

green j.m., spiby h., hucknall c. & richardson foster h. (2012) Converting policy into care: women’s satisfaction with the early labour telephone component of the All Wales Clinical Pathway for Normal Labour. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(10), 2218–2228.AbstractAims.  This article is a report of a study of women’s experiences of, and satisfaction with, telephone communications within the All Wales Clinical Pathway for Normal Labour (‘the Pathway’).Background.  The Pathway was introduced throughout Wales over 2003–2004. Its philosophy emphasizes the desirability of a woman remaining at home until labour is established with assessment by telephone, in contrast to the more common scenario where the phone call is a precursor to admission and face‐to‐face assessment.Methods.  In 2005–2006, telephone interviews were carried out with 46 low‐risk first‐time mothers in Wales. This was a mixed‐methods study with iterative quantitative and qualitative analysis, focusing on differences in the accounts of women with different levels of satisfaction.Findings.  Women were not well prepared for the Pathway; however, satisfaction was more strongly related to interpersonal interactions with midwives. Dissatisfied women reported unclear advice, unmet needs, unaddressed anxieties and negative midwife manner. ‘Very satisfied’ women were distinguished by feeling welcome to attend the maternity unit and by the perceived adequacy of the advice given.Conclusions.  This study provides new knowledge about telephone interactions between first‐time mothers and midwives around labour onset. This is important in a changing healthcare context in which face‐to‐face interactions are likely to become less routine. Being made to feel welcome to attend the maternity unit might appear counter to the Pathway philosophy, but appeared to reduce women’s anxieties about ‘being allowed in’ or getting to hospital in time, and gave them confidence to remain at home longer.
Rapid reversal of uremic neuropathy following renal transplantation in an adolescent
Authors: Ho Doreen T. , Rodig Nancy M. , Kim Heung B. , Lidov Hart G. W. , Shapiro Frederic D. , Raju G. Praveen , Kang Peter B. 
Published: December 2011

Ho DT, Rodig NM, Kim HB, Lidov HGW, Shapiro FD, Raju GP, Kang PB. Rapid reversal of uremic neuropathy following renal transplantation in an adolescent.  Pediatr Transplantation 2011. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Clinical and pathologic studies on adults with uremic neuropathy are numerous, but less is known about this disorder in children and adolescents. We report the clinical, electrophysiologic, and pathologic findings in an adolescent female with uremic neuropathy. Electrophysiologic findings were consistent with a primarily axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Sural nerve biopsy revealed areas of focal depletion in myelin sheaths and loss of axons. Axonal degeneration with secondary myelin changes appears to be the characteristic pathology in this case, one of the youngest to our knowledge for which nerve biopsy data are available. Our patient experienced dramatic recovery after renal transplantation, similar to the reports of older patients.
Effects of parasitic sex‐ratio distorters on host genetic structure in the Armadillidium vulgare–Wolbachia association
Authors: VERNE S. , JOHNSON M. , BOUCHON D. , GRANDJEAN F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the pill bug Armadillidium vulgare (Crustacea, Oniscidea), Wolbachia facilitates its spread through vertical transmission via the eggs by inducing feminization of genetic males. The spread of feminizing Wolbachia within and across populations is therefore expected to influence mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genetic structure by hitchhiking. To test this hypothesis, we analysed nuclear and mtDNA genetic structure, and Wolbachia prevalence in 13 populations of the pill bug host. Wolbachia prevalence (ranging from 0% to 100% of sampled females) was highly variable among populations. All three Wolbachia strains previously observed in A. vulgare were present (wVulC, wVulM and wVulP) with wVulC being the most prevalent (nine of 13 populations). The host showed a genetic structure on five microsatellite loci that is compatible with isolation by distance. The strong genetic structure observed on host mtDNA was correlated with Wolbachia prevalence: three mitotypes were in strong linkage disequilibrium with the three strains of Wolbachia. Neutrality tests showed that the mtDNA polymorphism is not neutral, and we thus suggest that this unusual pattern of mtDNA polymorphism found in A. vulgare was due to Wolbachia.
Characterization of quantitative trait loci for number of primary branches in near‐isogenic lines from a cross between the Oryza sativa cultivar ‘Hwayeongbyeo’ and the wild relative Oryza rufipogon
Authors: Ji Shi‐Dong , Yuan Ping‐Rong , Xiao Luo , Lee Hyun‐Sook , Ahn Sang‐Nag 
Published: December 2011

With 3 figures and 2 tablesAbstractIn our previous study, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) qpb2 for primary branches (PB) was mapped on chromosome 2 using introgression lines from an interspecific cross between ‘Hwayeongbyeo’ and an Asian common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.), W1944. To confirm this QTL, CR6076 (BC3F6) was selected and backcrossed to ‘Hwayeongbyeo’ to produce near‐isogenic line (NIL) populations in the BC4F3, BC4F4 and BC4F5 generations. QTL analysis in three generations revealed five QTLs including plant height and PB that were mapped in the same interval. The O. rufipogon alleles decreased of PB. By substitution mapping, qpb2 was narrowed down to a 575‐kb region. Colocalization of five QTLs suggests that this locus was associated with panicle structure with pleiotropic effects. The finding that QTLs for panicle traits have been mapped mainly from wild species in a similar location as qpb2 suggest that qpb2 might have played an important role in the regulation of PB during the domestication of rice panicle. The NIL populations and molecular markers are useful materials for cloning of the qpb2.
Cannabis use in Cape York Indigenous communities: High prevalence, mental health impacts and the desire to quit
Authors: BOHANNA INDIA , CLOUGH ALAN R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Anecdotal reports suggest that high rates of cannabis use and dependence are significant issues in Indigenous communities in north Queensland; however, there is little scientific evidence to support or refute this. The Cape York Cannabis Project seeks to investigate cannabis use rates, cannabis dependence and mental health impacts for the first time in three Cape York Indigenous communities.Design and Methods. The current study reports preliminary findings, resulting from interviews with 133 Indigenous participants aged 14–47 years from one Cape York community. Quantitative data were gathered on rates of cannabis use, cannabis dependence as measured by a score of ≥3 the Severity of Dependence Scale. Qualitative self‐report data were gathered concerning mental health impacts of cannabis and reasons for quitting.Results and Conclusions. Very high rates of cannabis use were identified, with 66.2% of males and 30.5% of females interviewed being current users. An additional 12.2% of males and 30.5% of females were former users, and 21.6% of males and 39% of females had never used cannabis. High rates of cannabis dependence were also observed. Of those current users who used cannabis at least weekly, 67.7% reported cannabis dependence. A range of mental health impacts due to cannabis were reported. In total, 76.1% of current users were considering quitting or cutting down. Rates of use and dependence were much higher than national rates, and indicate significant mental health harms due to cannabis. Further investigation of mental health impacts of cannabis is required, as is intervention to reduce these impacts.[Bohanna I, Clough AR. Cannabis use in Cape York Indigenous communities: High prevalence, mental health impacts and the desire to quit. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:580–584]
Divergence and convergence in nursing and health care among six countries participating in ICN's 2010 Global Nursing Leadership Institute
Authors: Zittel B. , Ezzeddine S.H. , Makatjane M. , Graham I. , Luangamornlert S. , Pemo T. 
Published: December 2011

ZITTEL B., EZZEDDINE S.H., MAKATJANE M., GRAHAM I., LUANGAMORNLERT S. & PEMO T. (2011) Divergence and convergence in nursing and health care among six countries participating in ICN's 2010 Global Nursing Leadership Institute. International Nursing Review59, 48–54In 2009 the International Council of Nursing (ICN) launched, with support from Pfizer External Medical Affairs, a Global Nursing Leadership Institute (GNLI) which was again repeated in the fall of 2010. The programme, provided in English, at a location near ICN headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, provided the opportunity for senior and executive level nursing leaders throughout the world to acquire new knowledge and skills about national and global leadership within a supportive and stimulating learning environment. Once selected for participation, GNLI members are requested to complete a country profile – a two to three page précis providing information regarding health and nursing specific to their respective country encompassing the following: the country's health system and how it is funded; identification of current or proposed changes in the health system; national demographic data such as population, gross national income, average life expectancy, number of nurses and physicians, and the top three causes of deaths; and key issues facing the health system and nursing in the country.On arrival at the Institute, participants were divided into leadership development teams, small groups of six persons each, which met throughout the week to discuss the ways in which health challenges and nursing in their respective countries both converged and diverged. Shared insights learned are presented from one such 2010 GNLI team representing nursing leaders from the countries of Australia, Bhutan, Lebanon, Lesotho, Thailand and the USA. A comparative analysis of the health profiles of their respective countries is also provided.
Foreign Direct Investment in India’s Retail Bazaar: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Chari Anusha , Madhav Raghavan T. C. A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDespite encouraging signs, India’s retail market remains largely off‐limits to large international retailers like Wal‐Mart and Carrefour. Opposition to liberalising foreign direct investment in this sector raises concerns about employment losses, unfair competition resulting in large‐scale exit of incumbent domestic retailers and infant industry arguments to protect the organised domestic retail sector that is at a nascent stage. Based on international evidence, we suggest that allowing entry by large international retailers into the Indian market may help tackle inflation especially in food prices. Moreover, technical know‐how from foreign firms, such as warehousing technologies and distribution systems, can improve supply chain efficiency in India, in particular for agricultural produce. Better linkages between demand and supply have the potential to improve the price signals that farmers receive and also serve to enhance agricultural and other exports.
Determinants of Export Diversification Around the World: 1962–2000
Authors: Agosin Manuel R. , Alvarez Roberto , Bravo‐Ortega Claudio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUsing a large dataset for 79 countries covering the period 1962–2000, this study analyses the main determinants of export diversification (concentration). We explore the role of several factors and we use three different indicators of export concentration. We find robust evidence across specifications and indicators that trade openness induces higher specialisation. In contrast, financial development does not seem to help countries to diversify their exports. Looking at the effects of exchange rates, in some of the results, a negative effect of real exchange rate volatility on export diversification is detected, but no significant effects of exchange rate overvaluation. There is also evidence that human capital accumulation contributes positively to diversify exports and that increasing remoteness tends to reduce export diversification. We also explore the role of terms of trade shocks. Most of the results suggest an interesting interaction between this variable and human capital: improvements in the terms of trade tend to concentrate exports, but this effect is lower for those countries with higher levels of human capital. This evidence suggests that countries with higher education can take advantage of positive terms of trade shocks to increase export diversification.
Spurious Fixed Effects Regression*
Authors: Choi In 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article shows that spurious regression results can occur for a fixed effects model with weak time series variation in the regressor and/or strong time series variation in the regression errors when the first‐differenced and Within‐OLS estimators are used. Asymptotic properties of these estimators and the related t‐tests and model selection criteria are studied by sending the number of cross‐sectional observations to infinity. This article shows that the first‐differenced and Within‐OLS estimators diverge in probability, that the related t‐tests are inconsistent, that R2s converge to zero in probability and that AIC and BIC diverge to −∞ in probability. The results of the article warn that one should not jump to the use of fixed effects regressions without considering the degree of time series variations in the data.