bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elecsys® AMH assay: Determination of Anti‐Müllerian hormone levels and evaluation of the relationship between superovulation response in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Koca Davut , Aktar Ahmet , Turgut Ali Osman , Sagirkaya Hakan , Alcay Selim 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐Müllerian Hormone (AMH) serves as a crucial parameter in assessing the reproductive herd life and ovarian reserve in cattle. Consequently, extensive research is conducted on AMH levels. Various measurement methods can be employed to determine AMH levels. However, to our knowledge, no study has been conducted on Holstein donors using the Elecsys® AMH kit.ObjectiveThis study was designed to determine AMH levels in donors utilising the Elecsys® AMH kit and to evaluate the relationship between superovulation response parameters and AMH levels.MethodsIn this study, we measured the serum AMH levels of 36 cows using the Elecsys® AMH automated assay before the superovulation protocol (1st sample) and FSH injections (2nd sample). The cows were categorised into three groups based on their AMH levels: low, medium, and high AMH.ResultsPositive correlations were identified between AMH and parameters associated with superovulation response. The high AMH level group exhibited significantly greater numbers of corpus luteum, total embryos, transferable embryos, and grade 1 embryos compared to the medium and low AMH groups (p < 0.05) There was no significant difference between AMH levels before the superovulation protocol and FSH injections(p > 0.05). Body condition score and parity did not significantly affect AMH levels in cows (p > 0.05). Also, AMH cut‐off values for the number of corpus luteum, total embryo, and transferable embryos were detected as 234, 227, and 210 pg/mL, respectively.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that a high serum AMH level has a positive influence on the superovulation response. AMH can be used as a reliable marker for the selection of donors in Holstein cows.
The rise of radical Islamic fundamentalism and violence against women in Nigeria
Authors: Oranye Nelson O. , Nnonyelu Nkemdili A. U. , Ughenu Anthony 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent years have witnessed an unprecedented rise in attacks on women's rights and freedom in sub‐Saharan Africa. No historical quantitative research exists that analyzes how sexual, physical, and emotional violence against women is influenced by the rise of radical Islam in Nigeria. Consecutive survey data for the years 2008, 2013, and 2018 were analyzed to determine associations between religion and other risk factors for violence against women. Multiple logistic regression was used to control for covariates. Sexual violence against Muslim women increased by 216.7% compared to a 25.4% increase among Catholics. Muslim women with no education had a lower estimate of the sexual violence they experienced (β = −0.15, CI: −0.137 to −0.016) than Christian women with no education (β = −0.05, CI: −0.138 to −0.004). The risk of violence against women has increased in recent years due to the activities of Boko Haram in the Muslim‐dominant north. We show that the effects of religion and education on violence against women are interconnected.
Understanding early deaths after major emergency abdominal surgery: An observational study of 754 patients
Authors: Rehné Jensen Lasse , Snitkjær Christian , Kokotovic Dunja , Korgaard Jensen Thomas , Burcharth Jakob 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMajor emergency abdominal surgery is associated with severe postoperative complications and high short‐ and long‐term mortality. Despite recent advancements in standardizing multidisciplinary care bundles, a subgroup of patients continues to face a heightened risk of short‐term mortality. This study aimed to identify and describe the high‐risk surgical patients and risk factors for short‐term postoperative mortality.MethodsIn this study, we included all patients undergoing major emergency abdominal surgery over 2 years and collected data on demographics, intraoperative variables, and short‐term outcomes. The primary outcome measure was short‐term mortality and secondary outcome measures were pre, intra, and postoperative risk factors for premature death. Multivariable binary regression analysis was performed to determine possible risk factors for short‐term mortality.ResultsShort‐term mortality within 14 days of surgery in this cohort of 754 consecutive patients was 8%. Multivariable analysis identified various independent risk factors for short‐term mortality throughout different phases of patient care. These factors included advanced age, preoperative history of myocardial infarction or ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, and vascular bowel ischemia or perforation of the stomach or duodenum during the primary surgery.ConclusionPatients at high risk of early mortality following major emergency abdominal surgery exhibited distinct perioperative risk factors. This study underscores the importance of clinicians identifying and managing these factors in high‐risk patients to ensure optimal care.
Synthesis of Highly Crystalline Flakes of 3R‐MoS2 and 3R‐WS2 and Their Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reactivity
Authors: Chithaiah Pallellappa , Chandra Binwal Devesh , Mallick Sakil , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the present study, we are able to synthesize flakes of the 3R‐polytypes of MoS2 and WS2 from sodium molybdate and sodium tungstate in the presence of H2S gas by solid‐state reaction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X‐ray diffraction are utilized to characterize the morphology, structure, and chemical composition of the 3R‐MoS2 and 3R‐WS2 flakes. The electrocatalytic and photocatalytic activities of 3R‐MoS2 and 3R‐WS2 flakes have been measured in hydrogen evolution reactions.
The Ether‐Adduct of a Lewis Superacidic, Dicoordinate Aluminum Hydride Cation and the Ion Affinities of Solvent‐Adducts
Authors: Dabringhaus Philipp , Krossing Ingo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAluminum reagents are widely used as strong Lewis acids for organic transformations and catalysis. In recent years, a variety of Al‐Lewis superacids could be accessed by preparation of aluminum cations paired with weakly‐coordinating anions or by use of perfluorinated substituents at the metal. While the majority of these Al‐Lewis superacids is composed of a tricoordinate Al‐metal atom, examples for dicoordinate Al species are very scarce. In this study, we report the preparation of [(Mes*)Al(H)(OEt2)]+[Al(ORF)4]− (Mes*=2,4,6‐tBu3‐C6H2, RF=C(CF3)3) by reaction of protonated ether [H(OEt2)2]+[Al(ORF)4]− with [Mes*AlH2]2. Structural analysis supported by computed frontier orbitals and atomic charges reveals that the cation is best described as diethylether adduct of dicoordinate [(Mes*)Al(H)]+ and acts as synthon to this low‐coordinate cation. To incorporate the masking of the coordination site by the ether, the enthalpy of dissociation is included in the computed fluoride‐ and hydride ion affinities (XIA) and entropic effects are treated by defining a “free ion affinity” (fXIA), basing on the Gibbs energy change. Hereby, the Lewis acidity of free Lewis acids as well as their solvent adducts can be estimated.
Care in a Changing Context
Authors: Werner Gijsbert D. A. , van Riel Arthur , Gijsberts Mérove I. L. , de Visser Marianne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe scientific literature highlights a number of driving forces that influence the use of health and social care. Underlying many of these is the interplay of supply and demand: some of the forces in question mainly affect the demand for care, others its supply. Others still influence its cost. These forces interact to such an extent that they are often difficult to unravel or to quantify individually.
Staffing Sustainability
Authors: Werner Gijsbert D. A. , van Riel Arthur , Gijsberts Mérove I. L. , de Visser Marianne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGiven the expected demand for labour, the stagnating size of the workforce and the limited elasticity of labour-force participation, it is quite plausible that staffing sustainability will be a more pressing issue for the Dutch health and social care sector in the short and medium term than the financial dimension. In Chap. 3 we discussed staffing shortages in care and related problems such as workloads and retention, and looked ahead to the expected shortfalls in the long term. If nothing changes and yet the demand for care still has to be met in full, from 2040 onwards a quarter of our entire national workforce would have to be working in this sector. And a third of it between 2050 and 2060. Not only is this unrealistic, it would also have major repercussions for other sectors—public and private alike—that are already experiencing staff shortages or face them imminently due to the same scarcity of human resources. Such shortages are now becoming apparent within care, too, in some areas more than others (see Chap. 3). In this final chapter of the second part of our report, we look at ways to improve staffing sustainability. As in the rest of the report, we take a broad view and do not discuss potentially different approaches in specific subsectors.
Targeting ubiquitination machinery in cystic fibrosis: Where do we stand?
Authors: Okiyoneda Tsukasa , Borgo Christian , Bosello Travain Valentina , Pedemonte Nicoletta , Salvi Mauro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in CFTR gene expressing the anion selective channel CFTR located at the plasma membrane of different epithelial cells. The most commonly investigated variant causing CF is F508del. This mutation leads to structural defects in the CFTR protein, which are recognized by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control system. As a result, the protein is retained in the ER and degraded via the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Although blocking ubiquitination to stabilize the CFTR protein has long been considered a potential pharmacological approach in CF, progress in this area has been relatively slow. Currently, no compounds targeting this pathway have entered clinical trials for CF. On the other hand, the emergence of Orkambi initially, and notably the subsequent introduction of Trikafta/Kaftrio, have demonstrated the effectiveness of molecular chaperone-based therapies for patients carrying the F508del variant and even showed efficacy against other variants. These treatments directly target the CFTR variant protein without interfering with cell signaling pathways. This review discusses the limits and potential future of targeting protein ubiquitination in CF.
Time to traumatic intracranial hematoma evacuation: contemporary standard and room for improvement
Authors: Merakis Michael P. , Weaver Natasha , Fischer Angela , Balogh Zsolt J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Traumatic intracranial hematoma (TICH) is a neurosurgical emergency with high mortality and morbidity. The time to operative decompression is a modifiable but inconsistently reported risk factor for TICH patients? outcomes. We aimed to provide contemporary time to evacuation data and long-term trends in timing of TICH evacuation in a trauma system.

Methods
A 13-year retrospective cohort study ending in 2021 at a trauma system with one level-1 trauma center included all patients undergoing urgent craniotomy or craniectomy for evacuation of TICH. Demographics, injury severity and key timeframes of care were collected. Subgroups analyzed were polytrauma versus isolated head injury, direct admissions versus transfers and those who survived versus those who died. Linear regression of times from injury to operating room was performed.

Results
Seventy-eight TICH patients (Age: 35 (22-56); 58 (74%) males; ISS: 25(25-41); AIS head: 5 (4-5); mortality: 21 (27%) patients) were identified. Initial GCS was 8 (3.25-14) which decreased to 3 (3-7) by arrival in the trauma center. There were 46 (59%) patients intubated prior to arrival. Median time from injury to operation was 4.88 (3.63-6.80) hours. Linear regression of injury to OR showed increasing times to operative intervention for direct admissions to the trauma center over the study period (p=0.04). There was no associated change in mortality or Glasgow outcome score over the same time.

Conclusion
This contemporary data shows timing from injury to evacuation is approaching 5 hours. Over the 13-year study period the time to operative intervention significantly increased for direct admissions. This study will guide our institutions response to TICH presentations in the future. Other trauma systems should critically appraise their results with the same reporting standard.
Assessing associated factors for failure of nonoperative management in pediatric blunt liver and spleen injuries: a secondary analysis of the SHIPPs study
Authors: Nakao Shunichiro , Katsura Morihiro , Yagi Masayuki , Ogura Hiroshi , Oda Jun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of pediatric patients who underwent nonoperative management (NOM) for blunt splenic and hepatic injuries and to explore factors associated with NOM failure.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter cohort study of pediatric patients with blunt liver and spleen injuries in Japan. Participants included pediatric trauma patients aged 16 years or younger between 2008 and 2019 with NOM, which was defined as no surgery provided within 6 h of hospital arrival. NOM failure, defined as abdominal surgery performed after 6 h of hospital arrival, was the primary outcome. Descriptive statistics were provided and exploratory analysis to assess the associations with outcome using logistic regression.

Results
During the study period, 1339 met our eligibility criteria. The median age was 9 years, with a majority being male. The median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 10. About 14.0% required transfusion within 24 h, and 22.3% underwent interventional radiology procedures. NOM failure occurred in 1.0% of patients and the in-hospital mortality was 0.7%. Factors associated with NOM failure included age, positive focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST), contrast extravasation on computed tomography (CT), severe liver injury, concomitant pancreas injury, concomitant gastrointestinal injury, concomitant mesenteric injury, and ISS.

Conclusions
In our study, NOM failure were rare. Older age, positive FAST, contrast extravasation on CT, severe liver injury, concomitant pancreas injury, concomitant gastrointestinal injury, concomitant mesenteric injury, and higher ISS were suggested as possible risk factors for NOM failure.
Competitive fitness and stability of ammonium-excreting Azotobacter vinelandii strains in the soil
Authors: Ambrosio Rafael , Burgos Herrera Gonzalo , Do Nascimento Mauro , Pagnussat Luciana Anabella , Curatti Leonardo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Non-symbiotic N2-fixation would greatly increase the versatility of N-biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Genetic modification of diazotrophic bacteria has successfully enhanced NH4+ release. In this study, we compared the competitive fitness of A. vinelandii mutant strains, which allowed us to analyze the burden of NH4+ release under a broad dynamic range. Long-term competition assays under regular culture conditions confirmed a large burden for NH4+ release, exclusion by the wt strain, phenotypic instability, and loss of the ability to release NH4+. In contrast, co-inoculation in mild autoclaved soil showed a much longer co-existence with the wt strain and a stable NH4+ release phenotype. All genetically modified strains increased the N content and changed its chemical speciation in the soil. This study contributes one step forward towards bridging a knowledge gap between molecular biology laboratory research and the incorporation of N from the air into the soil in a molecular species suitable for plant nutrition, a crucial requirement for developing improved bacterial inoculants for economic and environmentally sustainable agriculture.

Key points
• Genetic engineering for NH4+ excretion imposes a fitness burden on the culture medium
• Large phenotypic instability for NH4+-excreting bacteria in culture medium
• Lower fitness burden and phenotypic instability for NH4+-excreting bacteria in soil
Risk factors for acute compartment syndrome in one thousand one hundred and forty seven diaphyseal tibia fractures
Authors: Strain Ritchie , Giannoudis Peter 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) remains a devastating complication of orthopaedic trauma. The tibial diaphysis is especially implicated in the development of ACS, both at the time of injury and after operative management. Identification of risk factors for ACS for these distinct scenarios has been investigated in a large cohort of patients.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of all adults (age 18 years and older) presenting to a level 1 trauma centre with a diaphyseal tibia fracture. ACS was determined by a combination of clinical signs and symptoms and compartmental pressure monitoring. Potential risk factors were subject to univariate analysis with significant variables undergoing binary logistic regression analysis.

Results
1147 tibial diaphyseal fractures over a twelve year period were studied. Age, multifragmented fracture pattern, male gender, high energy mechanism and intra- articular extension all showed a statistically significant association for ACS. Increasing body mass index (BMI) and treatment with an intramedullary nail favoured development of ACS post-operatively.

Conclusion
Risk factors for the development of ACS specifically in tibial diaphyseal fractures have been highlighted. Patients managed with IMN or high BMI may warrant particular observation following operative intervention.
Expression of the tumor antigens NY-ESO-1, tyrosinase, MAGE-A3, and TPTE in pediatric and adult melanoma: a retrospective case control study
Authors: Forchhammer Stephan , Pop Oltin Tiberiu , Hahn Matthias , Aebischer Valentin , Seitz Christian M. , Schroeder Christopher , Liebmann Alexandra , Abele Michael , Wild Hannah , Bien Ewa , Kunc Michal , Schneider Dominik T. , Cuk Katarina , Büttel Isabel , Flemmig Carina , Peters Magdalena , Laible Mark , Brück Patrick , Türeci Özlem , Sahin Ugur , Flatz Lukas , Brecht Ines B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are potential targets for T cell-based immunotherapy approaches in cutaneous melanoma. BNT111, an investigational lipoplex-formulated mRNA-based therapeutic cancer vaccine encoding melanoma TAAs NY-ESO-1, tyrosinase, MAGE-A3, and TPTE, is undergoing clinical testing in adults. Expression of these TAAs in pediatric melanoma is unclear but is a prerequisite for feasibility of this treatment approach in children with melanoma. Our main objective was to characterize expression of those TAAs in pediatric melanomas compared to control cohorts. In this retrospective case control study, protein and transcript expression of NY-ESO-1, tyrosinase, MAGE-A3, and TPTE were analyzed in a cohort of 25 pediatric melanomas, 31 melanomas of young adults, 29 adult melanomas, and 30 benign melanocytic nevi in children using immunohistochemical staining and digital pathology (QuPath) and reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Based on IHC analysis, pediatric melanomas expressed tyrosinase (100.0%), TPTE (44.0%), MAGE-A3 (12.0%), and NY-ESO-1 (8.0%). Young adult melanomas expressed tyrosinase (96.8%), NY-ESO-1 (19.4%), MAGE-A3 (19.4%), and TPTE (3.2%). Adult melanomas expressed tyrosinase (86.2%), MAGE-A3 (75.9%), NY-ESO-1 (48.3%), and TPTE (48.3%). Childhood melanocytic nevi only expressed tyrosinase (93.3%). Expression prevalence of individual TAAs did not differ between subtypes of pediatric melanoma, and no association with prognosis was found. All four TAAs were expressed in pediatric melanoma, albeit NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A3 to a lesser extent than in adult melanoma. These data support the possibility of investigating vaccines targeting these TAAs for the treatment of pediatric melanoma.
Familial hypercholesterolemia care by Dutch pediatricians—mind the gaps
Authors: van den Bosch Sibbeliene E. , Hutten Barbara A. , Ibrahim Shirin , Wiegman Albert , Pang Jing , Watts Gerald F. , Corpeleijn Willemijn E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) leads to elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, which increases the risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Since the first functional and morphologic changes of the arterial wall occur in childhood, treatment should start early in childhood to mitigate the elevated risk of ASCVD. Pediatricians play an important role in the detection and care of children with FH. In this study, we aim to explore potential gaps in FH care amongst Dutch pediatricians, in order to enhance their knowledge and awareness of detecting and treating children with FH.

Methods
An anonymous online survey, deployed using Google Forms, including 26 closed and semi-closed questions on FH care in children was distributed by the Dutch Association of Pediatrics via a newsletter to which the majority of the practicing Dutch pediatricians subscribe. In addition, we requested that the pediatric departments of all Dutch hospitals in the Netherlands distribute this survey personally among their employed pediatricians. Respondents were instructed to answer the questions without any help or use of online resources.

Results
Between September 1st, 2023 and November 1st, 2023, 158 (an estimated 11% response rate) Dutch pediatricians completed the survey. They reported a median (IQR) of 15.0 (6.0–22.0) years of experience as a pediatrician, and 34 (21.5%) were working in academic hospitals. The majority (76.6%) of pediatricians correctly identified a typical FH lipid profile but 68 (43.0%) underestimated the true prevalence of FH (1:300). Underestimation and unawareness of the increased risk of FH patients for ASCVD were reported by 37.3% and 25.9% of pediatricians, respectively. Although 70.9% of the pediatricians correctly defined FH, only 67 (42.4%) selected statins and ezetimibe to treat severe hypercholesterolemia.
Conclusions:The results of this study suggest significant gaps in knowledge and awareness of FH in children among Dutch pediatricians. FH care in children needs improvement through educational and training initiatives to mitigate the life-long risk of ASCVD from early life.

What is Known:

• Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) leads to elevated LDL-cholesterol levels, which increases the risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).• The process of atherosclerosis starts in childhood• Pediatricians play an important role in the detection and treatment of children with FH.

What is New:

• Our results highlight significant gaps in care for children with FH amongst pediatricians and this may lead to suboptimal detection and treatment.• FH care in children needs improvement by educational initiatives to ultimately prevent ASCVD in adulthood.