bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constituents, arrays, and trees: two (more) models of grammatical description
Authors: Krivochen Diego Gabriel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Generative syntax was built on the foundations of Immediate Constituent (IC) analysis, and IC methods and heuristics were an important tool in the early days of the generative enterprise. However, developments in the theory entailed a departure from some fundamental IC assumptions: we will argue that structural descriptions in contemporary generative grammar (transformational and non-transformational) define not constituents, but strictly ordered sequences closer to arrays. We therefore define and characterise IC approaches to syntax as opposed to what we will call Array-Based (AB) approaches. IC grammars define distributional generalisations, and proper containment and is-a relations between indexed distributionally defined categories. AB grammars, in contrast, define strictly ordered sequences of categories. In this paper we introduce and define the fundamental properties of IC grammar, and the changes in the generative theory that introduced arrays in phrase structure. We argue that it is crucial to distinguish between IC and AB grammars when evaluating the empirical adequacy of structural descriptions used in current syntactic theorising, as structures in AB and IC grammars represent different relations between expressions and may be better suited for different purposes.
Physical and mechanical properties of different beech wood species grown at various climate conditions: a review
Authors: Ghorbanian Far Mohammad , Najafian Ashrafi Mohammad , Shaabani Asrami Hooman , Amiri Moghadam Yaser , Bari Ehsan , Niemz Peter , Hosseinpourpia Reza , Ribera Javier 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Beech wood, renowned for its diverse applications spanning construction, flooring, furniture, veneer, and plywood, holds a paramount position among industrial wood species. Nevertheless, the myriad of beech species worldwide, coupled with the dynamic impact of climate change, have produced structural variations within beech trees. Extensive research has scrutinized the physical and mechanical attributes of beech wood species across the globe. Findings reveal distinguishable mechanical strength, yet increased density leads to notable rates of shrinkage and swelling, somewhat constraining its utility in select domains. Identifying research gaps can create new efforts aimed at exploiting the potential of these wood resources. This paper outperforms a mere exploration of beech wood properties over the past two decades; it delves into the ramifications of climatic fluctuations, temperature shifts, wind dynamics, and soil composition. Given the lack of a comprehensive compendium documenting the full range of physical, mechanical, and microscopic attributes of the Fagus genus, this paper aims to compile information that integrates this multifaceted information.
The crystal structure of poly[diaqua-bis(μ2 -thiocyanato-κ2
N:O)cobalt(II) monohydrate
Authors: Liu Guo-Zhu , Xie Kai-Ping , Li Zong-Jun , Long Zhu-Jun , Liu Jie-Wei , Mo Zong-Wen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
C2H6S2N2O3Co, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 12.4340(7) Å, b = 6.0522(4) Å, c = 10.6851(8) Å, β = 90.543(6)°, V = 804.05(9) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0200, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0499, T = 298(2) K.
4–6 Repetition Maximum (RM) and 1-RM Prediction in Free-Weight Bench Press and Smith Machine Squat Based on Body Mass in Male Athletes
Authors: Dhahbi Wissem , Padulo Johnny , Russo Luca , Racil Ghazi , Ltifi Mohamed-Amine , Picerno Pietro , Iuliano Enzo , Migliaccio Gian Mario 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Dhahbi, W, Padulo, J, Russo, L, Racil, G, Ltifi, M-A, Picerno, P, Iuliano, E, and Migliaccio, GM. Four- to 6-repetition maximum and 1-repetition maximum estimation in free-weight bench press and smith machine squat based on body mass in male athletes. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): 1366–1371, 2024—This study aimed to explore the feasibility and face validity of predicting maximum strength 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) and 4–6 RM in athletes across different sports specialties, based on the relationship between muscle strength and BM. One hundred fifteen male athletes, aged 23.63 ± 6.77 years and participating in diverse sports specialties, were included in this study. Muscle strength was assessed using the 4–6 RM and 1-RM tests in free-weight bench press (BP) and Smith machine squat (SQ) exercises, whereas BM was measured using a portable digital scale. A linear regression equation based on muscle strength and BM was performed. The 4–6 RM and 1-RM scores showed excellent intersession relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient(2,1): 0.946–0.989) and absolute reliability (CV: 3.4–4.7%) in both BP and SQ exercises. In addition, the magnitude of the relationship and the coefficients used to estimate the 4–6 RM and 1RM, based on BM, differed among the subjects when they are grouped according to their sports specialties (R
2 ranged from non-significant to 0.998). Overall, the 4–6 RM test showed a stronger correlation with BM (R: 0.655 for SQ and R: 0.683 for BP) than the 1RM (R: 0.552 for SQ and R: 0.629 for BP), and the general (i.e., not sport-specific) 4 to 6-RM prediction equations should be preferred over sport-specific ones because they are statistically more robust due to the larger sample size. In conclusion, the 4–6 RM can be predicted from BM with high reliability, a moderate association, and a prediction error that, when considering the 4–6 RM as a starting point for estimating of the 1RM, can be considered entirely acceptable in practical settings.
UV nitrogen laser pumped by a pulsed longitudinal inductive-electric discharge
Authors: РАЖЕВ А.М. , ЧУРКИН Д.С. , ТКАЧЕНКО Р.А. , ТРУНОВ И.А. 
Published: June 2024

Газовые электроразрядные азотные лазеры до сих пор остаются востребованными источниками УФ-излучения и находят множество научных и практических применений. В настоящее время одними из требований, предъявляемых к коммерческим азотным лазерам, являются малые габаритные размеры, высокая стабильность от импульса к импульсу и увеличенное время службы. В настоящей работе в качестве источника, удовлетворяющего подобным критериям, предлагается азотный лазер, возбуждаемый импульсным продольным индукционно-электрическим разрядом. В результате проведенных экспериментальных исследований получено лазерное излучение с длинами волн l1 = 337,1 нм и l2 = 357,7 нм. Энергия импульсов генерации достигала 0,67 мДж при длительности 20 нс на полувысоте и давлении азота 7…8 торр. Накачка азота только продольным разрядом в экспериментальной установке с аналогичными параметрами приводила к уменьшению энергии генерации до 0,4 мДж (с такой же длительностью 20 нс на полувысоте) при давлении азота не выше 5 торр. Азотные лазеры с данными параметрами излучения могут быть использованы для лечения офтальмологических заболеваний и туберкулеза.
Electric discharge nitrogen lasers remain popular sources of UV radiation and find many scientific and practical applications. Currently, some of the requirements for commercial nitrogen lasers are small overall dimensions, high pulse-to-pulse stability, and extended service life. In this paper, a nitrogen laser excited by a pulsed longitudinal inductive-electric discharge is suggested as a source which satisfies such criteria. As a result of the experimental studies, lasing at wavelengths l1 = 337.1 and l2 = 357.7 nm was obtained. The generation energy reached 0.67 mJ with a pulse duration of 20 ns (FWHM) and a nitrogen pressure of 7...8 Torr. Pumping nitrogen only with a longitudinal discharge in an experimental setup with similar parameters led to a decrease in the lasing energy to 0.4 mJ (with the same pulse duration of 20 ns) at a nitrogen pressure of no higher than 5 Torr. Nitrogen lasers with these radiation parameters can be used to treat ophthalmic diseases and tuberculosis.
Processes limiting the energy characteristics of a copper vapor laser
Authors: ЮДИН Н.А. , БААЛБАКИ Х.А. , МАЛИКОВ А.В. , ЯРКОВА Я.А. 
Published: June 2024

Расположение электродов газоразрядной трубки (ГРТ) лазера на парах меди (ЛПМ) в холодных буферных зонах, где отсутствуют пары металла, обусловливает формирование фантомного тока до момента «пробоя», в связи с чем необходимо оценить, является ли фантомный ток дополнительным фактором ограничения энергетических характеристик и каков механизм данного ограничения. Показано, что на начальном этапе накачки осуществляется зарядка собственной емкости ГРТ до момента «пробоя», что определяет два процесса в этот период времени: заселение метастабильных состояний меди и формирование фантомного тока, который возникает в результате шунтирования собственной емкости ГРТ холодной буферной зоной со стороны анода ГРТ. Рассмотрены механизм формирования фантомного тока и его роль в ограничении энергетических характеристик ЛПМ. Проведенные исследования указывают на две проблемы связанные с повышением энергетических характеристик ЛПМ: высокая предымпульсная концентрация электронов в активной среде и формирование фантомного тока, вызванное процессами в холодных буферных зонах. Результаты работы могут быть полезны специалистам в области лазеров на парах металлов.
The location of the electrodes of a copper vapor laser (CVL) discharge tube in cold buffer zones, where there are no metal vapors, leads to the formation of a phantom current before the “breakdown”. This necessitates the evaluation of whether the phantom current is an additional factor limiting the energy characteristics and what is the mechanism of this limitation? It is shown that at the initial stage of pumping, the intrinsic capacitance of the discharge tube is charged up to the “breakdown”, which determines two processes during this period of time – the population of metastable states of copper and the generation of a phantom current, which occurs as a result of shunting of the intrinsic capacitance of the discharge tube by the cold buffer zone from the anode side of the discharge tube. The mechanism of phantom current generation and its role in limiting the energy characteristics of CVL are considered. The studies indicate two problems on the way to improve the energy characteristics of CVL and the direction of search for their solution: the first is high pre-pulse concentration of electrons in the active medium and the second is the generation of a phantom current caused by processes in the cold buffer zones.
Analytical framework for industry-oriented leading cyclical indicators: Empirical investigation of EU economic cycles
Authors: Skare Marinko , Gavurova Beata , Tkacova Andrea 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research developed an analytical framework for industry-oriented leading cyclical indicators (CII), focusing on monitoring and forecasting economic cycles within the European Union (EU). Various methodologies for constructing these indicators were examined through an exhaustive sector analysis. A salient conclusion drawn is the non-feasibility of a one-size-fits-all composite leading indicator for all EU members. It underscores the imperative to tailor these indicators in congruence with the unique industrial characteristics of each country. The study provides empirical evidence that countries like Denmark, Germany, Austria, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Finland and Sweden can benefit from high-caliber composite leading indicators tailored to their economies. Our analysis suggests that GDP is a more robust metric than the Industrial Production Index for predicting economic cycles for the EU countries.
The innovation – Financial development – Economic growth nexus in Latin America
Authors: Bobek Vito , Weitgasser Lara , Horvat Tatjana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research investigates the causal relationship between innovation, financial development and economic growth in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru between 2000 and 2019. Based on quantitative analysis, including vector autoregressive (VAR) models, it can be concluded that bidirectional Granger-causalities are present in the trivariate nexus in the five Latin American countries over the investigated times. Consequently, the three variables support forecasting and policy implications focusing on one of the three sectors that impacts the other two in the future. The paper concludes that imitation and innovation policies focusing on intellectual property rights protection, education, knowledge, institutional change and technological catch-up are necessary to foster economic growth and financial development.
Dividend puzzle of state-owned enterprises – The case of Bulgaria
Authors: Keremidchiev Spartak 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe dividend puzzle for private corporations has a long-lasting history. Six theories provide explanations to this puzzle. However, the dividend puzzle has not yet been discussed as an economic problem for state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The article addresses this issue based mainly on the experience of the Bulgarian SOEs.In the paper all well-known six theoretical concepts of the dividend puzzle are presented and their strengths and weaknesses are analysed. Furthermore, the specific features of SOEs are brought out and the dividend puzzle for them is formulated. Presenting the experience of the dividend policy of SOEs, a confrontation with the theories is made. It is proved that only the theory of dividend payment preference is relevant to SOEs.
Unpaid work, paid work and gender inequality: An analysis of time transfer accounts for Turkey
Authors: Şahanoğulları Nazlı , Seçkin Aylin , Georges Patrick 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the total (market and non-market) gender-based production and consumption activities of Turkish men and women at different stages of their life-cycle. Turkey, one of the few emerging economies within the OECD, offers an interesting case-study as its female labour force participation rate is one of the lowest among OECD countries. Our results show that time spent by Turkish women on household activities is, on average, 30 h a week, basically three times as much as men. In fact, the women-to-men time use ratio for unpaid work is roughly twice as much as the OECD average. We estimate that the monetary value of women unpaid household production exceeds 29% of GDP, while the corresponding estimate for men is around 8%. Using the concept of life-cycle deficit, we also show that Turkish men are dependent on housework undertaken by women over their entire lifetime, which is an almost unique feature in comparison to the European and OECD countries. Finally, unlike other OECD countries that have introduced disincentives to early retirement, Turkish men continue to retire early but retain their acquired habits of not sharing the burden of household work.
Deepening the understanding of redundancy procedures in a COVID-19 context: The Spanish case
Authors: Clemente-Almendros José Antonio , Boldeanu Florin Teodor , Drumea Cristina , Ajour El Zein Samer 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the use of redundancy procedures (RPs) by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic. The novelty of this study is that it goes beyond the direct influence of the determinants of RPs on RP use, and analyses how the interactions among them moderate the direct effect. In contexts of rising uncertainty, businesses need to adapt their operations and fixed costs, including staffing. While teleworking is an alternative to RPs, our results show that it was not enough to deal with the negative impact of a worsening crisis. Moreover, when the survival of the business is at stake, the use of RPs increases further when the company is simultaneously affected by changes in demand and liquidity issues. We argue that our results reveal the need for flexible tools along with the policies that take into account the fact that businesses' reactions are contingent on their exposure to risk.
ELABORAÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO DE PROTOCOLO EM TELENUTRIÇÃO
Authors: Oliveira Nathan Santos , Batista Santana Francismayne , Andrade de Souza Campos Amanda Cristina , Santos de Jesus Teles Ana Carla , Souza Dourado dos Santos Aurélio Marco , Oliveira Costa Maycon George , Silva Santos Pedro , Mendes-Netto Raquel Simoes 
Published: June 2024

Introdução: com as restrições ocasionadas pela pandemia de Covid-19 evidenciaram-se a necessidade da construção de protocolos de teleconsulta para continuidade da assistência nutricional. Objetivo: elaborar, validar e avaliar a efetividade de um protocolo para aconselhamento nutricional on-line na melhoria das práticas alimentares. Método: para elaboração do protocolo, foram considerados os aspectos do atendimento presencial e o “Protocolo de Uso do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira” voltado ao público adulto. A elaboração, discussões, adequações e a validação do protocolo de teleconsulta em nutrição se deu nas reuniões cientificas, onde foram avaliados todos os itens do protocolo. Foi também realizado o estudo piloto, sendo proposto um programa nutricional on-line com dois grupos distintos: o multicomponente – que recebeu o protocolo composto pelas estratégias múltiplas combinadas; e o tradicional, que recebeu apenas a teleconsulta em nutrição. A efetividade foi avaliada por meio da avaliação do escore da escala de práticas alimentares, aplicada no início e ao final do estudo. Resultados: destaca-se a elaboração do protocolo de teleatendimento em nutrição para acompanhamento nutricional dos pacientes, por um período de 12 semanas, além dos 11 materiais educativos. Além disso, houve também a validação que atingiu a concordância máxima de todos os itens do protocolo. No estudo piloto, antes da intervenção, o grupo multicomponente apresentava média de 43,0 (13,2) pontos, após o programa pontuou 54,0 (5,6) no escore, evidenciando melhora das práticas alimentares. O grupo tradicional também melhorou após o acompanhamento, porém em menor expressão, evoluindo de 43,3 (8,6) para 50,8 (6,3) pontos. Conclusão: houve a elaboração de um protocolo efetivo de teleconsulta em nutrição, sendo este uma ferramenta crucial na melhora dos hábitos alimentares, viabilizando a organização das ações assistenciais através da telenutrição e contribuindo na promoção da saúde.
Seismotectonics-Driven Estimation of b-Value: Implications for Seismic Hazard Assessment
Authors: Valensise Gianluca , Console Rodolfo , Carluccio Roberto , Vannoli Paola 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Taking full advantage of good-quality historical earthquake and seismogenic source data available for Italy (Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani [CPTI15] and Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources [DISS] databases), we tested the regional variability of the b-value of the Gutenberg–Richter law, focusing on the dominantly extensional, nearly 1200-km-long seismogenic corridor straddling the Apennines chain; an 18,200  km2 area generating about 45% of the seismic moment released countrywide. We carefully chose and tested the most appropriate completeness interval and completeness magnitude (Mc), and used the Lilliefors method, the Utsu test, and a bootstrap technique to verify the quality of our results and inferences. The 0.65 b-value we obtained is substantially lower than b-values used in Italian seismic hazard models, often close to 1.0; yet it predicts more accurately the observed Apennines earthquake record, suggesting that most currently adopted magnitude-frequency distributions underpredict events in the Mw range 6.0–7.1 and overpredict those in the range 5.2–5.5. We also highlight that the time, space, and magnitude distribution of the largest Italian earthquakes hardly follows the Gutenberg–Richter law: it rather favors a characteristic behavior. We contend that the b-value is too critical of a parameter for being calculated using statistically weak data sets, such as those resulting from overly detailed area-source models: one may end up characterizing low-hazard areas more accurately than high-hazard areas. Conversely, we advocate the use of fewer, larger area sources that fully exploit the current understanding of regional seismotectonics, as a way of obtaining more realistic regional hazard models.
POST-STEM EDUCATİON VİEWS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS İN NORTHERN CYPRUS
Authors: Dericioğlu Sonay , Öznacar Behcet 
Published: June 2024

The main aim of this research is to determine the opinions of secondary school students in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus after the STEM Education Course. A qualitative research model was applied in the study. The study group of the current research consisted of a total of 20 secondary school students aged 12 years.A semi-structured interview form was used as the data collection tool. The obtained data were categorized into themes and interpreted. The NVIVO-12 program was used to analyze the data and model the resulting situation. The findings obtained as a result of the research were discussed with the relevant literature. According to the data, as a result of the research were discussed with the relevant literature. As a result of the analyzes, it was concluded that after the STEM education course, the students developed their skills, that they should be given in their schools and that it benefited them. In line with the results obtained, suggestions were made on STEM applications.
AN EVIDENCE-BASED INVESTIGATION OF CERT-IN'S REPORTING ON CYBER-THREATS IN HEALTHCARE SECTOR
Authors: Raizada Niharika , Biswal Mamata 
Published: June 2024

The pandemic underscored the significance of a digital health system. Healthcare sector has become one of the most important infrastructures since then. Undoubtedly, the digital health is the ultimate way to ensure accessibility, inclusiveness and delivery of healthcare services in an affordable and efficient manner. However, rising cyber-threat is one of the biggest concerns for healthcare organizations. The data breach incidents on Indian Council of Medical Research and on Covid-19 vaccine database in 2023 highlight the utter need to address the issue. To mitigate such incidents, India has established Computer Emergency and Response Team (CERT-In) which has been endowed with primary responsibility to prevent, treat, respond and report such threats. Although, CERT-In is responsible to report any cyber-incident but there is no information concerning the affected organizations and on frequency and severity of such cyber-incidents. It is doubtful as to how any authority is supposed to respond in lack of data or policy makers formulate a comprehensive framework to deal with the issue. CERT-In faces challenges in accurately reporting cyber incidents and contain discrepancies compared to other organizations' data and lacking detailed incident information. This research aims to analyze government records and secondary sources to understand the cyber-threat landscape, particularly in the healthcare industry. Using normative and comparative methods, it suggests measures which can be adopted by CERT-In based on assessments of U.S. and E.U. reporting practices. Findings stress the need for improved reporting practices and transparency in cybersecurity assessments to enhance data accuracy and completeness, urging policymakers and stakeholders to take action against cyber threats.