bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of using defined criteria for adequacy of fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid in routine practice
Authors: Haider Asma S. , Rakha Emad A. , Dunkley Christine , Zaitoun Abed M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the thyroid is the predominant method of preoperative tissue diagnosis of thyroid lesions. The routine use of FNAC has reduced the rate of unnecessary surgery for thyroid nodules. However, there are overlaps in the existing criteria for defining adequacy in thyroid aspirates. In this study, we aimed to explore the reasons for high percentage of inadequate thyroid FNAC samples and to reevaluate those samples by applying clearly defined criteria suggested in the literature to reduce the proportion of inadequate aspirates.The results of 550 smears reported as inadequate FNAC samples are presented over a period of 15 years extending from 1986 to 2000 (18.8%). For the purpose of the study, only those patients with subsequent histological or cytological analysis were included (279). The original FNA samples were reviewed by two cytopathologists, unaware of the subsequent repeat cytology or histology results. Specific criteria for adequacy of specimens were used which include the presence of six or more groups of follicular cells, each having more than 10 discernable viable cells or 60 isolated viable follicular cells.Out of 279, 82 (29%) FNAC samples originally reported as inadequate met our criteria and were considered adequate on review. Of these 82 cases, subsequent surgical excision showed malignancy in 5 cases (6%), adenoma in 7 (9%), and benign hyperplasia and thyroiditis in 70 cases (85%). In addition, 16 (5%) cases were classified as cysts. The slide preparation error was noticed in 26 (14%) and the sampling error was observed in 160 (86%) cases.The use of well‐defined criteria for adequacy is helpful because it improves the diagnostic efficiency of thyroid FNA and avoids unnecessary surgery for benign nonneoplastic thyroid lesions. However, since application of these criteria has also resulted in an increase in the false‐negative diagnoses, they should be applied in the multidisciplinary context. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:81–86. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytopathologic features of orbital intraosseous chordoid meningioma: Report of a case and distinction from other myxoid/mucoid tumors
Authors: Hayashi Toshitetsu , Haba Reiji , Kushida Yoshio , Kadota Kyuichi , Katsuki Naomi , Bando Kenji , Miyai Yumi , Shibuya Shinsuke , Funamoto Yasunobu , Shindo Atsushi , Miyake Keisuke , Tamiya Takashi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChordoid meningioma (CM) is characterized by a striking histologic resemblance to chordoma and propensity for aggressive behavior or recurrence (WHO grade II designation). Orbital intraosseous CM is extremely uncommon and only one case report has been documented. A case is presented here in which squash smears of a left orbital tumor in a 53‐year‐old male revealed small clusters or cord‐like structures of bland tumor cells embedded in a myxoid or mucinous background. Whorl‐like structures were also identified. The tumor cells possessed uniformly round nuclei with a smooth nuclear outline, fine granular chromatin, and small nucleoli. Occasional intranuclear inclusions, coarse collageneous cytoplasmic filaments were observed. Many spindle‐shaped cells with similar nuclear findings were also seen. A cytologic diagnosis of a chordoid meningioma was suggested and histochemical and immunohistochemical studies were conducted on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded material. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed diffuse and strong membranous and cytoplasmic staining for vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and faintly reactive with S‐100 protein but negative for pan‐neuroendocrine markers (i.e., NSE, chromogranin A, synaptophysin), cytokeratin AE1/AE3, smooth muscle actin, D2‐40, brachyury or class III beta‐tubulin. The proliferative index with MIB‐1 was less than 1%. The diagnosis of orbital intraosseous CM was confirmed based on cytopathologic, histopathological, immunohistochemical results, location of the tumor, and the lack connection to the duramater. We demonstrated here for the first time the cytopathological features of intraosseous CM with emphasis on differential diagnostic considerations. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010; 38:818–821. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical parameters associated with unsatisfactory specimens of conventional cervical smears
Authors: Lu Chien‐Hsing , Chang Chia‐Che , Chang Ming‐Chen , Chen Su‐Ju , Jan Yee‐Jee , Fu Tsai‐Feng , Ho Esther Shih‐Chu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAlthough The Bethesda System 2001 attempted to standardize the criteria for specimen adequacy, much confusion still exists, which includes the significance of unsatisfactory smears, the causes and clinical conditions related to unsatisfactory smears, and the appropriate management of unsatisfactory smears. The aim of this study is to find out the clinical factors associated with unsatisfactory cervical smears. We reviewed the medical charts of patients who received conventional Pap smears between March 2006 and August 2006 in a tertiary care center. After excluding 378 cases with incomplete demographic data, the clinical data of 7,059 cases were processed for analysis. Clinical parameters retrieved included: history of pelvic malignancy, pelvic irradiation, conization, hysterectomy, pregnancy status, within 3‐months postpartum. Vaginal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, intrauterine device, and cervical polyps found during pelvic examinations were also documented. The 1,397 cases with history of pelvic irradiation, pelvic malignancy, and hysterectomy were excluded. Finally, 5,662 cases were enrolled for data analysis. The relationship between clinical parameters and unsatisfactory smears were analyzed by Pearson's chi‐square test with Yates' continuity correction and multivariate binary logistic regression test. The incidence of unsatisfactory smears was 4.5% (252/5,662). Clinical parameters correlated with unsatisfactory smears were postpartum status (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.23–3.01, P = 0.004), vaginal bleeding (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.30–3.16, P = 0.002), and endocervical polyps (OR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.39–4.947, P = 0.003). In conclusion, if any of these parameters are noted prior to obtaining a Pap smear, optimal collecting devices, better sampling techniques, and liquid‐based cytology should be considered to decrease the incidence of unsatisfactory smears. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:87–91. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cross‐sectional analysis of the association between age and corpus callosum size in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Hopkins William D. , Phillips Kimberley A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe CC is the major white matter tract connecting the cerebral hemispheres and provides for interhemispheric integration of sensory, motor and higher‐order cognitive information. The midsagittal area of the CC has been frequently used as a marker of brain development in humans. We report the first investigation into the development of the corpus callosum and its regional subdivisions in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Magnetic resonance images were collected from 104 chimpanzees (female n = 63, male n = 41) ranging in age from 6 years (pre‐pubescent period) to 54 years (old age). Sustained linear growth was observed in the area of the CC subdivision of the genu; areas of the posterior midbody and anterior midbody displayed nonlinear growth during development. After adjusting for total brain size, we observed linear growth trajectories of the total CC and CC subdivisions of the genu, posterior midbody, isthmus and splenium, and nonlinear growth trajectories of the rostral body and anterior midbody. These developmental patterns are similar to the development of the CC in humans. As the growth curves of the CC mirrors growth seen in the percentage of white matter in humans, our results suggest chimpanzees show continued white matter development in regions related to cognitive development. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52:133–141, 2010
Dissimilar and similar functional properties of complement receptor‐3 in microglia and macrophages in combating yeast pathogens by phagocytosis
Authors: Hadas Smadar , Reichert Fanny , Rotshenker Shlomo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) microglia (MG) and peripheral tissue macrophages (MO) remove pathogens by phagocytosis. Zymosan, a model yeast pathogen, is a β‐glucan rich particle that readily activates the complement system and then becomes C3bi‐opsonized (op). Complement receptor‐3 (CR3) has initially been implicated in mediating the phagocytosis of both C3bi‐op and non‐opsonized (nop) zymosan by MO through C3bi and β‐glucan binding sites, respectively. Later, the role of CR3 as a phagocytic β‐glucan receptor has been questioned and the supremacy of β‐glucan receptor Dectin‐1 advocated. We compare here between primary mouse CNS MG and peripheral tissue MO with respect to CR3 and Dectin‐1 mediated phagocytosis of C3bi‐op and nop zymosan. We report that MG and MO display similar as well as dissimilar functional properties in this respect. Although CR3 and Dectin‐1 function both as β‐glucan/non‐opsonic receptors in MG during nop zymosan phagocytosis, Dectin‐1, but not CR3, does so in MO. CR3 functions also as a C3bi/opsonic receptor in MG and MO during C3bi‐op zymosan phagocytosis, leading to phagocytosis which is more efficient than that of nop zymosan. Dectin‐1 contributes, albeit less than CR3, to phagocytosis of C3bi‐op zymosan in MG and further less in MO, suggesting that C3bi‐opsonization does not block all β‐glucan sites on zymosan from binding Dectin‐1 on phagocytes. Thus, altogether CR3 and Dectin‐1 contribute both to phagocytosis of nop and C3bi‐op zymosan in MG, whereas MO switch from CR3‐independent/Dectin‐1‐dependent phagocytosis of nop zymosan to phagocytosis of C3bi‐op zymosan where CR3 dominates over Dectin‐1. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BDNF+/− mice exhibit deficits in oligodendrocyte lineage cells of the basal forebrain
Authors: Vondran Melissa W. , Clinton‐Luke Patricia , Honeywell Jean Z. , Dreyfus Cheryl F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPrevious work indicated that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), through the trkB receptor, increases DNA synthesis in oligodendrocyte (OLG) progenitor cells (OPCs) and differentiation of postmitotic OLGs of the basal forebrain (BF). In the present studies, BDNF knockout animals were used to investigate BDNF's effects on OLG lineage cells (OLCs) in vivo. OLCs of the BF were found to express the trkB receptor, suggesting they are responsive to BDNF. Immunohistochemistry using NG2 and CC1 antibodies was utilized to examine the numbers of NG2+ OPCs and CC1+ postmitotic BF OLGs. At embryonic day 17 (E17), BDNF−/− animals display reduced NG2+ cells. This reduction was also observed in BDNF+/− mice at E17 and at postnatal day 1 (P1), P14, and adult stage, suggesting that BDNF plays a role in OPC development. BDNF+/− mice do not exhibit deficits in numbers of CC1+ OLGs. However, myelin basic protein, myelin associated glycoprotein, and proteolipid protein are reduced in BDNF+/− mice, suggesting that BDNF plays a role in differentiation. These data indicate that progenitor cells and myelin proteins may be affected in vivo by a decrease in BDNF. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A general method to prepare monodentate phosphane ligands with mixed substituents
Authors: Phelps Jennifer E. , Frawley Sara B. , Peters R. Gregory 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTreatment of (2,2′‐biphenylylene)‐ phosphorchloridite ester [(C12H8O2)PCl] (1) with C2F5Li yields (C12H8O2)PC2F5 2; treatment of 1 with Grignard reagents yields compounds of the type (C12H8O2)PR (R = iPr, 5; Et 6). In both cases, the 1,3‐dioxepine ring formed when 2,2′‐biphenol reacts with PCl3 to form 1 serves as a protecting group at the phosphorus atom; the ring allows the stepwise introduction of one substituent and prevents undesirable product mixtures associated with multiple substitutions at the phosphorus. Additional treatment of compounds 2, 5, and 6 with Grignard, alkyl‐, or aryllithium reagents results in the formation of unsymmetrically substituted phosphanes. The use of (2,2′‐biphenylylene)phosphorchloridite ester as a starting material for the preparation of electroneutral phosphanes of the type (Rf)PR2 and electron‐poor phosphanes of the type (Rf)2PR is described. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:393–397, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20563
Noninfectious painful neck mass mimicking malignancy in a child
Authors: Lin Tse‐Yi , Wu Chun‐Chieh , Chiang Feng‐Yu , Kuo Wen‐Rei , Ho Kuen‐Yao , Lee Ka‐Wo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundA large painful mass on the posterior neck of a child of a relatively short duration is uncommon. Barring infectious origin, differential diagnosis can be difficult without a definitive biopsy.Methods and ResultsA 12‐year‐old girl had a markedly painful posterior neck mass and limitation of neck motion without fever for 1 month. The rapid clinical course and poorly defined marginal zone of the CT images led to suspicion of malignancy. Although the initial frozen section suggested low‐grade fibrosarcoma, a successful wide excision and paraffin pathology confirmed the diagnosis of myositis ossificans circumscripta (MOC) from the semispinalis capitis muscle.ConclusionThe occurrence of MOC in children is rare and may easily be misdiagnosed as soft tissue sarcoma. Both knowledge of the disease and guidelines for taking an aggressive biopsy sample are essential for correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Higher incidence of head and neck cancers among Vietnamese American men in California
Authors: Filion Edith J. , McClure Laura A. , Huang Derek , Seng Kosal , Kaplan Michael J. , Colevas Alexander Dimitrios , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Chang Ellen T. , Le Quynh‐Thu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundOur aim was to determine the incidence rates of head and neck cancer in Vietnamese Californians compared with other Asian and non‐Asian Californians.MethodsAge‐adjusted incidence rates of head and neck cancer between 1988 and 2004 were computed for Vietnamese Californians compared with other racial/ethnic groups by time period, ethnicity, neighborhood‐level socioeconomic status (SES), and sex using data from the population‐based California Cancer Registry (CCR). Data by smoking and alcohol status were tabulated from the California Health Interview Survey.ResultsVietnamese men had a higher incidence rate of head and neck cancer than other Asian men. Specifically, the laryngeal cancer rate was significantly higher for Vietnamese men (6.5/100,000; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0–8.2) than all other Asian men (range, 2.6–3.8/100,000), except Korean men (5.1/100,000; 95% CI, 3.9–6.4). Both Vietnamese and Korean men had the highest percentage of current smokers. Neighborhood SES was inversely related to head and neck cancer rates among Vietnamese men and women.ConclusionThe higher incidence rate of head and neck cancer in Vietnamese men may correspond to the higher smoking prevalence in this group. Individual‐level data are needed to establish the link of tobacco, alcohol, and other risk factors with head and neck cancer in these patients. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Minimally invasive video‐assisted total thyroidectomy: An easy to learn technique for skillful surgeons
Authors: Papavramidis Theodossis S. , Michalopoulos Nick , Pliakos John , Triantafillopoulou Konstantina , Sapalidis Konstantinos , Deligiannidis Nikolaos , Kesisoglou Isaak , Ntokmetzioglou Ioannis , Papavramidis Spiros T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive video‐assisted total thyroidectomy (MIVATT) is a treating option for small thyroids that demands skills required for both traditional thyroidectomy and endoscopic surgery. This prospective study aims to define the learning curve for MIVATT for residents, with experience in traditional thyroid and laparoscopic surgery.MethodsIn all, 36 MIVATTs for benign disease were evenly divided among 4 residents. We recorded and analyzed: age, sex, pathology, thyroid weight, duration of the operation, ΔCa (postoperative minus preoperative calcemia), ΔWBC (postoperative minus preoperative white blood cell count), vocal motility, operative difficulty, postoperative vocal alteration, postoperative pain, complications, gram of gland excised per minute of the operation, conversion, and hospitalization.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed in the different learning points, between duration of surgery (p < .001), operative difficulty (p = .022), grams of gland excised per minute of operation (p < .001), and WBC (p = .011).ConclusionsSurgeons that are experience in both thyroid and endoscopic surgery are subjects to a short learning curve concerning MIVATT. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Importance of intraoperative parathyroid hormone measurement in the diagnosis of parathyroid lipoadenoma
Authors: Lee Ann Y. , Wang Beverly Y. , Heller Keith S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground.Parathyroid lipoadenoma is an uncommon tumor that may be difficult to diagnose on intraoperative frozen section. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurement is useful in assessing the adequacy of parathyroidectomy. This case demonstrates the value of intraoperative PTH measurement in recognizing a parathyroid lipoadenoma.Methods and Results.A case of a 62‐year‐old woman with primary hyperparathyroidism in which intraoperative PTH measurement helped confirm the diagnosis of parathyroid lipoadenoma is presented.Conclusions.In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, a significant decrease in intraoperative PTH confirms that an enlarged parathyroid with normal to low cellularity containing abundant fat is a lipoadenoma and that further exploration is not necessary. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
New Guaipyridine Sesquiterpene Alkaloids from Artemisia rupestris L.
Authors: Su Zhen , Wu Han‐Kui , He Fei , Slukhan Usmanova , Aisa Haji Akber 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThree new guaipyridine sesquiterpene alkaloids, rupestine A, B, C (1–3, resp.), and the new nor‐sesquiterpne alkaloid rupestine D (4) were obtained from the flowers of Artemisia rupestris L. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of sepectroscopic data and by comparison with those of the related compounds reported in the literature. In addition, the absolute configurations of 2 and 4 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses.
Phytoquinoids and Secoprezizaane‐Type Sesquiterpenes from Illicium arborescens
Authors: Chang Jiun‐Yang , Abd El‐Razek Mohamed H. , Chen Yu‐Hui , Cheng Yuan‐Bin , Chen Shun‐Ying , Chien Ching‐Te , Kuo Yao‐Haur , Shen Ya‐Ching 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA phytochemical investigation of the MeOH extract of Illicium arborescens yielded the two new phytoquinoid epimers, 2,3‐didehydro‐5‐O‐methyl‐11‐epiillifunone E (1) and 2,3‐didehydro‐5‐O‐methylillifunone E (2), as well as five new sesquiterpene lactones (8,9‐secoprezizaane‐type sesquiterpenes). Two of them, i.e., 3 and 4, were minwanensin‐type sesquiterpenes, the other two, i.e., 5 and 6, had the anisatin‐type (or floridanolide type) skeleton, and the fifth, i.e., 7, was a dunnianin‐type sesquiterpene. Their structures were established by analyses of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, HR‐MS, and chemical evidence. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of compounds 1–7 was tested against four human tumor cell lines, including HeLa (cervical epitheloid), WiDr (colon), Daoy (medulloblastoma), and Hep2 (liver carcinoma) human‐tumor cells.
Transcription factor co‐repressors in cancer biology: roles and targeting
Authors: Battaglia Sebastiano , Maguire Orla , Campbell Moray J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNormal transcription displays a high degree of flexibility over the choice, timing and magnitude of mRNA expression levels that tend to oscillate and cycle. These processes allow for combinatorial actions, feedback control and fine‐tuning. A central role has emerged for the transcriptional co‐repressor proteins such as NCOR1, NCOR2/SMRT, CoREST and CTBPs, to control the actions of many transcriptional factors, in large part, by recruitment and activation of a range of chromatin remodeling enzymes. Thus, co‐repressors and chromatin remodeling factors are recruited to transcription factors at specific promoter/enhancer regions and execute changes in the chromatin structure. The specificity of this recruitment is controlled in a spatial‐temporal manner. By playing a central role in transcriptional control, as they move and target transcription factors, co‐repressors act as a key driver in the epigenetic economy of the nucleus. Co‐repressor functions are selectively distorted in malignancy, by both loss and gain of function and contribute to the generation of transcriptional rigidity. Features of transcriptional rigidity apparent in cancer cells include the distorted signaling of nuclear receptors and the WNTs/β‐catenin axis. Understanding and predicting the consequences of altered co‐repressor expression patterns in cancer cells has diagnostic and prognostic significance, and also have the capacity to be targeted through selective epigenetic therapies.
Culture human mesenchymal stem cells with calcium phosphate cement scaffolds for bone repair
Authors: Weir Michael D. , Xu Hockin H. K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBecause of its moldability and excellent osteoconductivity, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is highly promising for craniofacial and orthopedic applications. The objectives of this study were to investigate the response of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to a high‐strength CPC‐chitosan scaffold and to examine cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. hMSCs were seeded onto CPC‐chitosan composite, CPC control, and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). Alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and mineralization of hMSCs were measured. CPC‐chitosan had a flexural strength (mean ± SD; n = 5) of (19.5 ± 1.4) MPa, higher than (8.0 ± 1.4) MPa of CPC control (p < 0.05). The percentage of live hMSCs on CPC‐chitosan was (90.5 ± 1.3)% at 8 days, matching (90.7 ± 3.8)% of CPC control (p > 0.1). The CPC‐chitosan surface area covered by the attached hMSCs increased from (51 ± 11)% at 1 day to (90 ± 4)% at 8 days (p < 0.05), matching those of CPC control (p > 0.1). Hence, the CPC strength was significantly increased via chitosan without compromising the hMSC response. At 8 days, there was a significant increase in ALP of cells in osteogenic media (10.99 ± 0.93) [(mM pNpp/min)/(μg DNA)] versus control media (3.62 ± 0.40) (p < 0.05). hMSCs in osteogenic media exhibited greater mineralization area of (47.5 ± 19.7)% compared with (6.1 ± 2.3)% in control medium on TCPS (p < 0.05). In conclusion, hMSCs showed excellent attachment and viability on the strong and tough CPC‐chitosan scaffold, matching the hMSC response on CPC control. hMSCs were successfully differentiated down the osteogenic lineage. Hence, the strong, in situ hardening CPC‐chitosan scaffold may be useful as a moderate load‐bearing vehicle to deliver hMSCs for maxillofacial and orthopedic bone tissue engineering. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010