bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unfocused extracorporeal shock wave therapy as potential treatment for osteoporosis
Authors: van der Jagt Olav P. , van der Linden Jacqueline C. , Schaden Wolfgang , van Schie Hans T. , Piscaer Tom M. , Verhaar Jan A.N. , Weinans Harrie , Waarsing Jan H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractExtracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) influences the differentiation of bone marrow stroma cells towards osteoprogenitors and increases the expression of several growth factors. To assess whether unfocused ESWT might serve as a treatment for osteoporosis, we examined the bone architecture dynamics of ESWT‐treated and untreated rat tibiae using in vivo micro‐computed tomography (CT) scanning. In addition, the effects of ESWT on fracture healing, using a bilateral fibula osteotomy, were examined. Unilateral unfocused ESWT with 2,000 pulses and an energy flux density of 0.16 mJ/mm2was applied to the hind leg of ovariectomized and sham‐ovariectomized rats. A single treatment with unfocused ESWT resulted in a higher trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) in the proximal tibia of the sham‐ovariectomized animals. Three weeks after ESWT, BV/TV was 110% of baseline BV/TV in treated legs versus 101% in untreated contralateral control legs (p = 0.001) and 105% of baseline BV/TV versus 95% at 7 weeks after ESWT (p = 0.0004). In ovariectomized rats, shock wave treatment resulted in a diminished bone loss. At 7 weeks, the BV/TV of the treated legs was 50% of baseline BV/TV, whereas in untreated control legs this was 35% (p = 0.0004). ESWT did not influence acute fracture healing. This study shows that bone microarchitecture can be affected by unfocused shock waves, and indicates that unfocused ESWT might be useful for the treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1528–1533, 2009
Construction of cold‐triggered/heat‐destroyed emulsions for use as a practical cold‐storage thermal history indicator
Authors: Mizoguch Tatsuya , Nagata Kohdai , Kitsunai Makoto , Hirose Kumi , Hirasawa Akira , Chiba Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: To provide a record of the occurrence of a high‐temperature event during a cold‐chain system in the range from 1 to 10 °C, an indicator material that undergoes an irreversible temperature‐related visual change in response to high temperatures is needed.RESULTS: In order to obtain the required indicator, we attempted to construct highly thermo‐sensitive cold‐triggering and heat‐destructive emulsions that could start monitoring a high‐temperature event just by cooling, and after triggering provide an irreversible visual change over the upper limitation of the monitoring temperature. Emulsions composed of oil mixtures of triacylglycerols and fatty acid esters provided a 1 °C triggering and 10 °C destructive emulsion. The effect of the oil‐phase composition was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance and microscopy with a cooling/heating system.CONCLUSION: The emulsion was triggered by cooling at 1 °C and was immediately destroyed by heating to 10 °C, with clear visible phase separation. For cold‐triggering, crystalline structures of frozen oils should work to destroy the interfaces of the emulsion droplets. This could be used as a thermal indicator that would trigger in cold‐chain distribution systems and be destroyed in these systems. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Combined Effects of Hot Curing Conditions and Reaction Heat on Rubber Vulcanization Efficiency and Vulcanizate Uniformity
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Jia Yuxi , Feng Ligang , An Lijia 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA mathematical model of the chemical kinetics of silicone rubber vulcanization is developed, with the thermal effects being computed using the increment method, and the hot vulcanization process estimated with the finite element method. The results show that the reaction heat of rubber vulcanization is important for energy saving, and that a proper curing medium temperature is important when considering both vulcanization efficiency and vulcanizate uniformity. The results also indicate that increases in the forced convective heat transfer coefficient have no significant effect above a certain level. The validity of the numerical model is indirectly proven by comparison with existing data.magnified image
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies of three‐dimensional stereotactic surface projection SPECT analysis in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Osaki Yasushi , Morita Yukari , Fukumoto Mitsutaka , Akagi Naoki , Yoshida Shoji , Doi Yoshinori 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAlthough dementia is increasingly recognized as a common feature in Parkinson's disease (PD), its pathological substrate remains unknown. We conducted cross‐sectional and longitudinal brain perfusion SPECT analyses to explore changes during the course of developing dementia in PD. Fifty‐five patients originally diagnosed with PD were imaged in the cross‐sectional study. Twenty‐one of these, nine without dementia and 12 with dementia (PDD), were included in the longitudinal study to observe perfusion changes during the course of their disease. Data were analyzed using three‐dimensional stereotactic surface projection SPECT analysis. The UK Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank criteria were used to diagnose PD and the revised criteria for the clinical diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies for PDD. The cross‐sectional study showed that patients with PDD had significantly reduced perfusion in the right posterior cingulate, the right precuneus and the left posterior cingulate area. In the longitudinal study, significantly reduced perfusion was observed in the left anterior frontal gyrus in PD without dementia, and in the right inferior parietal lobule in those that developed PDD. We suggest that a relationship exists between developing dementia in PDD and reduced perfusion in the posterior parietal area. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Progression of ataxia in patients with Machado‐Joseph disease
Authors: França Marcondes C. , D'Abreu Anelyssa , Nucci Anamarli , Cendes Fernando , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAlthough ataxia is the most distressing manifestation of Machado‐Joseph disease (MJD), little is known about its natural history. Therefore, we prospectively followed a cohort of patients with MJD for 13 months to characterize the progression of ataxia and identify its contributory factors. The international cooperative ataxia rating scale (ICARS) was used to estimate severity of ataxia at baseline and at follow‐up. Thirty‐four patients were enrolled in the study, 22 of whom were men. Mean age at onset of the disease was 34.7 years and length of expanded CAG repeat was 66. Mean ICARS scores at baseline was 37.6 and at follow‐up was 42.7 (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis did not find significant association of progression of disease and age at disease onset, length of expanded (CAG), or duration of disease. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
2D to 3D rectangular waveguide filter designs from linear iterated prediction space mapping optimization
Authors: Hinojosa Juan , Quesada Pereira Fernando D. , Alvarez‐Melcon Alejandro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this article, an optimization procedure is described to align electromagnetic (EM) three‐dimensional (3D) models with two‐dimensional (2D) models for the design of RF/microwave circuits. The optimization procedure is realized from a modified standard space mapping (SM) approach. The mapping function between the 2D and 3D parameter spaces is directly obtained from a linear iterated prediction method, which reduces the computational cost and also avoids inverse transformations. The linear iterated prediction 2D to 3D SM optimization of evanescent rectangular waveguide bandpass filters with inductive posts for the 2D models and non‐inductive posts for the 3D models illustrate the advantages and the challenges of this approach. The proposed method is simple to be implemented, it requires a reduced computational cost and it can be useful for CAD environment with 2D and 3D circuit structure electromagnetic (EM) analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1979–1983, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24459
RF performance assessment of AlGaN/GaN MISHFET at high temperatures for improved power and pinch‐off characteristics
Authors: Aggarwal Ruchika , Agrawal Anju , Gupta Mridula , Gupta R. S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn investigation of temperature model for an AlGaN/GaN MISHFET is presented and a relative comparison is done with conventional HFET structures. The proposed analytical model demonstrates its inherent ability to operate at higher temperature. The contributions from various temperature dependent material parameters are taken into account alongwith the effect of temperature on the sheet carrier concentration and threshold voltage of the device. The model is further extended to predict the temperature dependence of transconductance, cut off frequency and pinch‐off characteristics. The investigated temperature range is from 25°C–300°C. Non linear Fermi potential (Ef) variation with the sheet carrier concentration (ns), and the highly dominant effects of spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization at the AlGaN/GaN heterointerface are also considered. AlGaN/GaN MISHFETs demonstrate larger drain currents, cut‐off frequency and better pinch‐off characteristics at high temperatures. The model is based on closed form expression and does not involve elaborate computation. The analytical results on the transport characteristics of both the devices are compared with available experimental data and are in good agreement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1942–1949, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24461
Compact planar monopole antenna for 3G and UWB applications
Authors: Nabil Srifi Mohamed , Krishna Palukuru Vamsi , Essaaidi Mohamed , Jantunen Heli 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article presents a compact printed monopole antenna for 3G and UWB mobile and wireless communication systems. The antenna consists on printed microstrip arms on a Rogers' substrate with a slotted partial ground plane. The size of the antenna is only 16 mm × 36 mm × 0.83 mm. The simulated and measured results show very good agreement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1939–1942, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24462
A new broadband hybrid bow‐tie antenna for wireless applications
Authors: Sun Jwo‐Shiun , Hu Chih‐Kai , Lee Yi‐Chieh 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe main goal of this letter is to increase the impedance bandwidth of a hybrid bow‐tie antenna with end‐fire radiation pattern by combining with slots and a patch radiator. The proposed antenna simplify the structure of an antenna with the merits of light weight, low cost, ease fabrication for many wireless and mobile applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1905–1908, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24463
Transmission and reflection properties of composite metamaterials in free space: Experiments and simulations
Authors: Li Minhua , Yang Helin , Wen Ding‐e 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFree‐space microwave measurements are applied on composite metamaterials (CMMs) consisting of split ring resonators (SRRs) and wires, also known as left‐handed material. Our experiments are based on a type of CMMs with unique configurations and the transmission and reflection measurements performed in free space exhibit a pass band at about 9 GHz. Simulation results are also given, which are in good agreements with experiments. The widely belief of the pass band is that the stop bands of the SRRs alone and the wires alone constitute a clear demonstration of left‐handed (LH) behavior. The LH behavior only take place in the medium with simultaneously negative permittivity ε, and permeability μ, also called double negative materials. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1865–1868, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24465
A robust method for locating the poles of Green′s function in lossless or lossy multilayered media
Authors: Chen R. S. , Zhuang W. , Wang D. X. , Ding D. Z. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article describes a robust method for locating the poles of the spectral‐domain Green's functions in a lossless or lossy multilayered medium. Real‐coded genetic algorithm (RGA) is first introduced to approximate the locations of the surface‐ and/or leaky‐wave poles and then followed by a Cauchy's integral theorem to rapidly refine the poles and remove the unwanted ones. Numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1929–1934, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24472
A reconfigurable multiband patch antenna for wireless applications using MEMS switches
Authors: Zhang Chunna , Yang Songnan , Pan Helen K. , Fathy Aly E. , El‐Ghazaly Samir , Nair Vijay K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA compact multiband antenna has been redesigned to be reconfigurable with embedded switches to allow selective addressing of these bands. The concept, simulation, and implementation of developing these reconfigurable antennas using MEMS switches and their relevant experimental demonstrations will be discussed in this article. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1892–1896, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24474
Low‐loss and high‐isolation active type cascode switch in 0.13‐μm CMOS for millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Lee Dong Ho 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article presents two types of switches which are fabricated in 0.13‐μm standard CMOS process characterized up to 50 GHz. The first is the conventional series NMOS switch with an optimum gate width which is adjusted by measuring various sized devices. The second is a new active type cascode switch for millimeter‐wave phased array systems. The series NMOS switch produces 3 dB insertion loss and 7.5 dB isolation at 40 GHz. In contrast, the active type cascode switch has 7.5 dB better insertion loss (Gain) and 20 dB better isolation than the passive switch at 40 GHz. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1856–1858, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24476
Comments on “Higher order Inhomogeneous Impedance Boundary Conditions for Perfectly Conducting Objects”
Authors: Tezel Necmi Serkan 
Published: May 2009

Abstract© 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2001–2002, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24477
Interpolation scheme for fast calculation of reaction terms in the characteristic basis function method
Authors: Laviada Jaime , Mittra R. , Pino Marcos R. , Las‐Heras Fernando 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article presents an acceleration technique for the fast calculation of the impedance matrix elements in the method of moments in the case of using characteristic basis functions (CBFs). This technique is based on taking advantage of the smooth amplitude and phase behaviors of the fields generated by a CBF when the distance is sufficiently large. Computational efficiency is realized by calculating the reaction between a source‐CBF and a test‐CBF by first evaluating a sampling of the field at a sparse set of points, and then computing the fields at the rest via the use of interpolation. Thus, this procedure avoids the highly expensive integration in the source domain that is needed to calculate the radiated field in the entire test domain when following the conventional procedure. Phase unwrap prior to interpolation and the fast sample calculation scheme are detailed in the article. The technique has been validated by considering several examples involving Radar Cross Section computations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1818–1824, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24478
Filtering applications of a novel cylindrical dielectric core inhomogeneous MTL provided with a sliding conducting ring
Authors: Brandão Faria J. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA novel inhomogeneous MTL device consisting of a solid cylindrical dielectric core with four equidistant cylindrical thin wires running along the core's peripheral surface, parallel to the core axis, is examined here from the standpoint of its filtering properties. At the input port of the MTL device three adjacent conductors are bonded together, whereas at the output port the same three conductors are loaded with 50 Ω resistors. For tuning purposes, a conducting ring is made to longitudinally slide along the MTL structure in contact with the MTL wires. Frequency‐domain transfer functions for the output voltages are determined as a function of the sliding ring position. Computed results show that the proposed structure exhibits noticeable selectivity features, controlled by the ring position, which can be used advantageously for filtering applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1815–1818, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24479
An X‐band microstrip oscillator integrated with frequency‐selecting patch antenna
Authors: Lee D. H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA simple design for microstrip oscillator consisting of an active source and an output patch antenna is presented. The active source is designed to possess negative‐resistance over broad bandwidth but not to oscillate without the output patch antenna. Two different source circuits that are potentially unstable over full C‐band and X‐band are fabricated. Six different‐size patch antennas are then connected with each source circuit to demonstrate the oscillation frequency control. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1963–1966, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24481
Design and analysis of an ultrawideband three‐section microstrip‐slot coupler
Authors: Seman Norhudah , Bialkowski Marek E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article presents the design of a three‐section microstrip‐slot coupler aimed for operation in the frequency band between 3.1 and 10.6 GHz. The coupler's design is accomplished in a two‐layer dielectric substrate and consists of rectangular sections of microstrip lines that are broadside coupled by a slot in the common ground plane supporting the two substrates. The initial dimensions are worked out using simple formulas. Next, CST Microwave Studio simulator is applied to carry out the final design. The designed coupler is manufactured and its performance is tested. The tests show a good performance over an ultra wide frequency band range from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1889–1892, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24484
Subwavelength metamaterial‐based resonant cavities fed by multiple sources for high directivity
Authors: Burokur Shah Nawaz , Yahiaoui Riad , de Lustrac André 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe analysis and design of subwavelength metamaterial‐based resonant cavity antennas are presented. The antennas under investigation are formed by embedding a feeding source in a Fabry‐Perot (FP) cavity composed of a Perfect Electrical Conductor (PEC) surface and a metasurface reflector. The embedded feeding source used in this study is a 2 × 2 microstrip patch array. The influence of the interelement spacing of the patch array feed on the radiation patterns is investigated and reported. The effect of the cavity thickness is also considered. Finally, the design of highly directive subwavelength cavity antennas is presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1883–1888, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24485
Compact 2.4/5‐GHz dual‐band annular‐ring slot antenna with circular polarization
Authors: Ren Wang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article presents a compact dual‐band circularly polarized annular‐ring slot antenna for 2.4/5‐GHz WLAN applications. The radiating elements consist of two concentric annular‐ring slots cut on the center of the ground plane, operating at 2.4‐ and 5‐GHz bands, respectively. A pair of rectangle notches is placed between two annular‐ring slots to guarantee that the antenna can operate well at high band. The antenna is fed by a 50 ohm microstrip at the top and the substrate material is FR‐4. It has a compact size (40 mm × 40 mm × 1.6 mm) and can be integrated easily with other RF front‐end circuits in WLAN operations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1848–1852, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24487
Broadband double‐balanced diode mixer using a Marchand balun with vertical coupling structure
Authors: Nam Hee , Lee Myeong‐Gil , Yun Tae‐Soon , Lee Jong‐Chul 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this article, a broadband double‐balanced mixer is presented using a wideband Marchand balun implementation by vertical coupler. Frequency is selected as 1.0–3.7 GHz for radio frequency (RF), 1.14–3.84 GHz for LO, and 140 MHz for IF signals. When LO signal with 7 dBm at 2.64 GHz is injected, a conversion loss of 7.5 dB, and RF to LO isolation of −45 dB are obtained. Also, an average conversion loss of 9 dB, and RF to LO isolation of −25 dB are obtained for frequency band of 1.0–3.7 GHz. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1811–1814, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24488
Temperature‐dependent transmittance of cascaded long‐period fiber gratings for sensor applications
Authors: Sakata Hajime , Honda Kotaro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe propose cascaded long‐period fiber gratings (LPFGs), whose synthesized rejection band alters in bandwidth and loss according to ambient temperature. By using an edge‐emitting light‐emitting diode as an input light source, temperature dependence of the optical power through the cascaded LPFGs exhibits either a positive or a negative temperature coefficient. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1809–1811, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24489
Quadrature cross‐coupled VCO implemented with body injection‐locked frequency dividers
Authors: Jang Sheng‐Lyang , Liu Cheng‐Chen , Huang Shin‐Hsin , Juang Miin‐Horng 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article presents a CMOS quadrature voltage‐controlled oscillator (QVCO). The LC‐tank QVCO consists of two cross‐couplednMOS divide‐by‐2 injection‐locked frequency divider (ILFDs) with a tail transistor, which serves the role of frequency doubler. The output of the tail transistor in one ILFD is injected to the bodies of thenMOSFETs in the other ILFD. The proposed CMOS QVCO has been implemented with the TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology and the die area is 0.595 × 0.896 mm2. At the supply voltage of 0.6 V, the total power consumption is 2.4 mW. The free‐running frequency of QVCO is tunable from 5.44 to 5.8 GHz as the tuning voltage is varied from 0.0 to 0.6 V. The measured phase noise at 1 MHz frequency offset is −115.62 dBc/Hz at the oscillation frequency of 5.44 GHz and the figure of merit (FOM) of the proposed QVCO is −186.6 dBc/Hz. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1918–1921, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24495