bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemie und Molekulargenetik 1998
Authors: Kiefhaber Thomas , Wölfl Stefan , Kroll Torsten , Hammar Friederike , Schulze‐Kremer Steffen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWie ähnlich sind Faltungsintermediate dem nativen Protein, und welches ist der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Schritt bei der Proteinfaltung? Unterstützen neue Ribozyme die RNA‐Welt‐Hypothese? In der Genomforschung ist die Hälfte der Zeit um ‐ erreichte man auch die Hälfte der angestrebten Ziele? Und welche Datenbank informiert den Suchenden über den Stand der Genomforschung? Die diesjährigen Trendberichte gehen diesen Fragen nach.
Aluminium, Blei, Uran … und 40 weitere Elemente
Authors: Seifert Mathias 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWährend sich die meisten Tagungen für chemische Analytik methodischen Fortschritten zur Lösung praktischer Probleme und innovativer Techniken widmen, stehen bei der jährlich stattfindenden Arbeitstagung “Mengen‐ und Spurenelemente” in Jena die winzigen Mengen anorganischer Substanzen und ihre Bedeutung für Mensch, Tier und Umwelt im Vordergrund.
Chemie — nur noch ein Schulfach für Minderheiten?!
Authors: Guth Oliver , Sostmann Stefan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractJungchemiker der Regionalgruppe Mülheim/Ruhr besuchten Chemie‐Leistungskurse benachbarter Gymnasien — hoffentlich der Beginn eines intensiveren Kontakts zwischen interessierten Schülern und jungen Chemikern.
Wissenschaft im Zeichen der Maus
Authors: Karst Uwe 
Published: August 2010

AbstractVor der Haustür von Mickey Mouse in Orlando/Florida fand in diesem Jahr die Pittcon, die größte jährliche Tagung und Messe der Analytischen Chemie statt. Doch nicht die Maus, sondern vor allem ein gelungenes wissenschaftliches Programm, eine attraktive Ausstellung und 30000 Teilnehmer sorgten für eine kurzweilige Veranstaltung zum fünfzigsten Jubiläum der Pittcon.
Geistiges Eigentum in den Biowissenschaften
Authors: Maelicke Alfred 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPeter Seeburg, einer der bedeutendsten Molekulargenetiker und Neurobiologen Deutschlands, wird beschuldigt, er habe bei der Herstellung des ersten gentechnisch erzeugten Arzneimittels, dem menschlichen Wachstumshormon, vor etwa 20 Jahren fremde Eigentumsrechte mißachtet und Fehlinformationen veröffentlicht. Auch die Wissenschaftsredaktion der Frankfurter Allgemeinen hat sich an dieser Kritik beteiligt. Übersehen wird dabei jedoch der Verhaltenskodex, der zumindest in den Geburtsjahren der Molekularbiologie weltweit bestand.
… glauben wir an die Chemie
Authors: Guggolz Ernst 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBayer will „das beste und effizienteste integriert chemisch‐pharmazeutische Unternehmen auf der Welt werden”︁. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, wird das Unternehmen bis 2010 mindestens 30% des Umsatzes in Nordamerika machen. Investitionen in F+E, in Sachanlagen und in Akquisitionen sollen das überproportionale Wachstum in den USA beschleunigen.
Wilhelm Fresenius: Chemiker und Citoyen
Authors: Guggolz Ernst 
Published: August 2010

AbstractKnapp 34 Jahre alt ist einer der Ersten in der “Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker in Hessen”, als er am 13. Män 1947 aufgenommen wird. Das neue Mitglied meldet sich gleich für sieben Fachgruppen und Arbeitskreise an: Wilhelm Fresenius, der die seither vergangenen 52 Jahre als Wissenschaftler, Unternehmer, Herausgeber und Bürger erlebt hat.
Benno Hess: Auf den Schultern von Riesen
Authors: Guggolz Ernst 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDie Biochemie hat sich in den vergangenen 50 Jahren eine einzigartige Stellung zwischen den klassischen Disziplinen Chemie, Physik, Medizin und Physiologie erobert. Welche Entdeckungen, Konzepte und Methoden in diese Zeit fallen und welche Entwicklung die Forschung genommen hat, zeigt in einem persönlichen Ausschnitt mit den wissenschaftlichen Themen “Bakteriorhodopsin” und “oszillierende Reaktionen” der ehemalige Direktors des MPI für Ernährungsphysiologie in Dortmund: Benno Hess.
Meilensteine der Kunststoffchemie
Authors: Mädefessel‐Herrmann Kristin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDie letzten 50 Jahre gelten bei vielen als das Kunststoffzeitalter. Erst bejubelt, dann verteufelt, mittlerweile eher nüchtern betrachtet, haben Polymere eine wechselvolle Geschichte hinter sich. Ihren Aufstieg beleuchten beispielhaft einige Kunststoffe der Bayer AG.
In memoriam Ulrich Schöllkopf
Authors: Schneider Christoph 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDer Sonderforschungsbereich 416 hatte geladen, und viele waren gekommen. Das Symposium „Chemical and Biological Synthesis and Transformation of Natural Products and Analogues”︁ zu Ehren des im letzten Jahr verstorbenen Ulrich Schöllkopf war hochkarätig besetzt, Die Themen der Vorträge in Göttingen reichte von der Entwicklung neuer Synthesemethoden bis hin zu medizinischen Fragen.
Pfizer — Von der Produkt‐ zur Indikationskompetenz
Authors: Hauthal Hermann G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPfizer, das gegenwärtig drittgrößte Pharmaunternehmen der Welt, besteht jetzt 150 Jahre. Innovative Arzneimittel für Mensch und Tier haben in den letzten acht Jahren die Umsätze verdoppelt, Gewinne und F&E‐Aufwand verdreifacht. Der Wert des Unternehmens, von Forbes 1999 als „Company of the Year”︁ benannt, stieg auf das Achtfache auf 160 Mrd. US$, eine Position unter den Top Ten aller Industrieunternehmen.
Beyond otherness: exploring diverse spatialities and mobilities of childhood and youth populations
Authors: Holt Louise , Costello Lauren 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper sets the context for the special edition. The themed collection begins to address questions raised about the level of engagement of Geographies of Children and Youth with wider social and cultural theory. We argue that there are some commonalities with critiques levelled at Population Geography, and suggest that dialogue between the two subdisciplines provides a useful way forward. We suggest going beyond the ‘otherness’ of childhood to consider how children, young people, and adults are dissected and connected by axes of difference and similarity which reproduce broader‐scale ‘population’ (in)equalities. Key themes emerging from this dialogue by the papers in the special edition include an emphasis on small‐scale micro‐mobilities (e.g. between the school and home, and around locales), which are essential aspects of everyday life. Despite their importance, these micro‐mobilities have been somewhat neglected by population geographers as they do not create sustained demographic shifts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiasthmatic action of dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans from fruits ofForsythia viridissimaon asthmatic responses to ovalbumin challenge in conscious guinea‐pigs
Authors: Lee Jin Hee , Lee Ji Yun , Kim Tae Doo , Kim Chang Jong 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIt was reported previously that dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans fromForsythia viridissimafruits, which are traditional medicines for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, have antiinflammatory effects. In this study, the effects on the immediate‐phase response (IAR) and late‐phase response (LAR) following aerosolized‐ovalbumin challenge in ovalbumin‐sensitized guinea‐pigs were evaluated by measuring the specific airway resistance (sRaw), recruitment of leukocytes and chemical mediators in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) as well as a histopathological survey. Arctiin and matairesinol at 12.5 mg/kg significantly (p< 0.05) decreased sRaw by 51.83% and 43.15% in IAR and by 47.41% and 35.43% in LAR, respectively, whereas arctigenin at 25 mg/kg was significantly active, compared with the controls. Furthermore, arctiin and arctigenin dose‐dependently inhibited histamine, and the activities of phospholipase A2(PLA2) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) in BALF, respectively, whereas matairesinol inhibited EPO and PLA2at 12.5 mg/kg and histamine at 50 mg/kg, in addition, they moderately improved the infiltration of eosinophils, compared with controls. Dexamethasone, cromolyn and salbutamol significantly inhibited sRaw in both IAR and LAR, and the recruitment of leukocytes and chemical mediators, whereas salbutamol did not alter chemical mediators, in BALF. These results indicate the three lignans have antiasthmatic effects which were less active than those of the reference drugs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How Does Tourism Planning Contribute to Sustainable Development?
Authors: Simão João Neto , Partidário Maria do Rosário 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTPerhaps like few other industries, tourism depends and is built on environmental, physical and cultural local resources. In this sense, and as suggested by the scientific community and international agencies, sustainability should be a driver for tourism sector development. For this purpose, three main issues are relevant: the interpretation of the meaning of sustainability reflected in the vision of the destination for the sector; stakeholders' participation, balancing different approaches; and a strategic planning that calls for long‐term view and action. The aim of this study is to assess whether the tourism planning of the destinations contributes to sustainable development. We have reviewed 11 local/regional tourism plans existing in Portugal, and the conclusions point to a vague interpretation of the concept of sustainability, to a type of planning that is closed to public participation with a lack of discussion on the kind of sustainability to implement and to difficulties in committing to strategic planning. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Feline Asthma: What's New and where might Clinical Practice be Heading?
Authors: Venema Christine , Patterson Coretta , Venema Christine M 
Published: August 2010

Practical relevance Feline bronchial asthma is one of the most commonly diagnosed respiratory conditions of cats. Clinical signs range from intermittent wheezing and coughing, which can compromise quality of life, to episodes of severe dyspnea that can be life-threatening.Clinical challenges Feline asthma can be easily disregarded as a simplistic condition. However, much about its pathophysiology remains obscure. There is no gold standard method of diagnosis, and current approaches are associated with various limitations. Also, feline asthma is typically treated with long-term glucocorticoid therapy, which can have significant consequences.Audience Because of its prevalence, general practitioners encounter asthma regularly. Refractory cases are often managed by veterinary internists and pulmonologists.Patient group Asthma can be diagnosed in cats of any age but is usually seen in young to middle-aged adults (mean 4 years, range 1–15 years). There is no sex predilection, but the Siamese breed appears to be overrepresented.Evidence base While the standard clinical approach to feline asthma has changed little in recent years, new research has provided greater insight into many aspects of this complex disease and new strategies are being studied. This article reviews the current literature in order to raise awareness of how advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of feline asthma may be determining the future direction of clinical practice.
Pleural Effusion in the Cat: A Practical Approach to Determining Aetiology
Authors: Beatty Julia , Barrs Vanessa 
Published: August 2010

Practical relevance Diverse disease processes result in sufficient fluid accumulation within the pleural space to cause respiratory compromise. Determining the underlying aetiology is key to appropriate management. This review outlines a practical approach to cases of pleural effusion, focusing on early recognition and confirmation of pleural space disease, stabilisation of the patient and logical diagnostic investigation. It emphasises the importance of a holistic approach, incorporating fluid analysis with other clinical data to determine the underlying aetiology.Clinical challenges Cats with pleural effusion often have severe respiratory compromise at presentation. Careful handling and prompt and adequate stabilisation, incorporating supplemental oxygen and therapeutic thoracocentesis, is essential to avoid respiratory failure. The typical, stepwise approach to the case must be adapted and the clinician may have to proceed, at least initially, without the luxury of information gained from a full history and physical examination. The challenge is to juggle stabilisation, localisation and confirmation of pleural effusion, owner communication and minimally invasive examination while remaining vigilant for clues that allow ranking of the differentials to formulate a diagnostic plan.Evidence base Appropriately designed studies to determine the utility of diagnostic techniques in cases with confirmed aetiology are limited. The evidence supporting this review is grade II, III and IV, comprising a small number of prospective studies, several case series, reviews, extrapolation from other species, pathophysiological justification and combined clinical experience of those working in the field.
Alternative Sampling Site for Blood Glucose Testing in Cats: Giving the Ears a Rest
Authors: Zeugswetter Florian K , DrVetMed Laura Rebuzzi , MagVetMed Sonja Karlovits 
Published: August 2010

Background and study rationale Home monitoring is an important part of the long-term management of diabetic cats. Despite the extensive use of glucometers in this species, up until now only the pinna of the ear has been validated as a testing site. This cross-sectional study investigated the feasibility and validity of sampling from the metacarpal/metatarsal pads in hospitalised cats with various diseases. Investigations The large pads were compared with the ear as a sampling site in 75 cats. Lancing the pads was tolerated very well. If the initial drop of blood was too small, an adequate volume of blood was almost always achieved by squeezing the pads. No significant differences were observed in first-attempt success rate or glucose values between the two sites. Due to the inability to obtain an adequate volume of blood or struggling, no measurement was possible in four cats. Practical relevance While further work is necessary to assess the utility of this technique, especially in the home environment, the results indicate that the metacarpal pads, in particular, may offer a viable alternative testing site for the measurement of blood glucose concentrations, especially if ear sampling fails.
A new aphid genusNeoaulacorthum(Hemiptera: Aphididae: Macrosiphini), determined by molecular and morphometric analyses
Authors: Lee W. , Kim H. , Lee S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe performed molecular and morphological analyses to determine the generic limit of the genusAulacorthum, including several species with controversial taxonomic histories. The sequences of four mitochondrial genes,COI,COII,srRNAandlrRNA, and one nuclear gene,EF1a, implied thatAulacorthumis not monophyletic, withAulacorthum magnoliaeandAulacorthum nipponicumforming a clade that is not sister to other currently recognizedAulacorthumspecies. Morphometric analysis based on 20 morphological characters also showed thatA. magnoliaeandA. nipponicumexhibited morphological characteristics distinct from congeneric species. Based on these results, we propose a new genus,Neoaulacorthumge. n., forA. magnoliaeandA. nipponicum.
BIFLATNESS AND BIPROJECTIVITY OF BANACH ALGEBRAS GRADED OVER A SEMILATTICE
Authors: GRØNBÆK NIELS , HABIBIAN FEREIDOUN 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe give sufficient conditions and necessary conditions for a Banach algebra, which is ℓ1-graded over a semi-lattice, to be biflat or biprojective. As an application we characterise biflat and biprojective discrete convolution algebras for commutative semi-groups.
ON STABILIZERS OF SOME TEICHMÜLLER DISKS IN POINTED MAPPING CLASS GROUPS
Authors: ZHANG C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe prove that for each Riemann surface of finite analytic type (p, n) with p ≥ 2, there exist uncountably many Teichmüller disks Δ in the Teichmüller space T(S), where S = - {a point a}, with these properties: (1) the natural projection j: T(S) → T() defined by forgetting a induces an isometric embedding of each Δ into T(); and (2) the stabilizer of each Teichmüller disk Δ in the a-pointed mapping class group of S is trivial.
MODULI SPACES OF FRAMED PERVERSE INSTANTONS ON ℙ3
Authors: HAUZER MARCIN , LANGER ADRIAN 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe study moduli spaces of framed perverse instantons on ℙ3. As an open subset, it contains the (set-theoretical) moduli space of framed instantons studied by I. Frenkel and M. Jardim in [9]. We also construct a few counter-examples to earlier conjectures and results concerning these moduli spaces.
ON THE RELATIVE LUSTERNIK–SCHNIRELMANN CATEGORY WITH RESPECT TO A REAL COHOMOLOGY CLASS
Authors: LI TIEQIANG , SCHÜTZ DIRK 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we study a homotopy invariant cat(X, B, [ω]) on a pair (X, B) of finite CW complexes with respect to the cohomology class of a continuous closed 1-form ω. This is a generalisation of a Lusternik–Schnirelmann-category-type cat(X, [ω]), developed by Farber in [3, 4], studying the topology of a closed 1-form. This paper establishes the connection with the original notion cat(X, [ω]) and obtains analogous results on critical points and homoclinic cycles. We also provide a similar ‘cuplength’ lower bound for cat(X, B, [ω]).
The astacin metalloprotease moulting enzyme NAS-36 is required for normal cuticle ecdysis in free-living and parasitic nematodes
Authors: STEPEK GILLIAN , McCORMACK GILLIAN , BIRNIE ANDREW J. , PAGE ANTONY P. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYNematodes represent one of the most abundant and species-rich groups of animals on the planet, with parasitic species causing chronic, debilitating infections in both livestock and humans worldwide. The prevalence and success of the nematodes is a direct consequence of the exceptionally protective properties of their cuticle. The synthesis of this cuticle is a complex multi-step process, which is repeated 4 times from hatchling to adult and has been investigated in detail in the free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. This process is known as moulting and involves numerous enzymes in the synthesis and degradation of the collagenous matrix. The nas-36 and nas-37 genes in C. elegans encode functionally conserved enzymes of the astacin metalloprotease family which, when mutated, result in a phenotype associated with the late-stage moulting defects, namely the inability to remove the preceding cuticle. Extensive genome searches in the gastrointestinal nematode of sheep, Haemonchus contortus, and in the filarial nematode of humans, Brugia malayi, identified NAS-36 but not NAS-37 homologues†. Significantly, the nas-36 gene from B. malayi could successfully complement the moult defects associated with C. elegans nas-36, nas-37 and nas-36/nas-37 double mutants, suggesting a conserved function for NAS-36 between these diverse nematode species. This conservation between species was further indicated when the recombinant enzymes demonstrated a similar range of inhibitable metalloprotease activities.
Genetic diversity ofBabesiainIxodes persulcatusand small mammals from North Ural and West Siberia, Russia
Authors: RAR V. A. , EPIKHINA T. I. , LIVANOVA N. N. , PANOV V. V. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYObjective.The aim of this work was to study the prevalence and genetic diversity ofBabesiainIxodes persulcatusticks and small mammals from Ural and Siberia in Russia.Methods.In total, 481 small mammals and 922 questing adultI. persulcatusfrom North Ural (Sverdlovsk region) and West Siberia (Novosibirsk region) were examined for the presence ofBabesiaby nested PCR based on the 18S rRNA gene.Results.Babesia microtiof the ‘Munich’-type was found in 36·2% of blood samples of the small mammals from the Sverdlovsk region andB. microtiof the ‘US’-type in 5·3% of the animals from the Novosibirsk region.BabesiaDNA was not detected in 133 analysedI. persulcatusfrom the Sverdlovsk region; however, it was found in 24 of 789 ticks from the Novosibirsk region. Three distinctBabesiaspecies were detected inI. persulcatus. B. microti‘US’-type was identified in 10 ticks,Babesiaclosely related toB. divergens/B. capreoliin 2 ticks, andBabesiaclosely related toB. venatorum(EU1) in 12 ticks.Conclusion.To our knowledge, this is the first detection ofBabesia sensu strictoinI. persulcatusticks and ofB. microtiinI. persulcatusin the Asian part of Russia.
Animacy affects the processing of subject–object ambiguities in the second language: Evidence from self-paced reading with German second language learners of Dutch
Authors: JACKSON CARRIE N. , ROBERTS LEAH 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe results of a self-paced reading study with German second language (L2) learners of Dutch showed that noun animacy affected the learners' on-line commitments when comprehending relative clauses in their L2. Earlier research has found that German L2 learners of Dutch do not show an on-line preference for subject–object word order in temporarily ambiguous relative clauses when no disambiguating material is available prior to the auxiliary verb. We investigated whether manipulating the animacy of the ambiguous noun phrases would push the learners to make an on-line commitment to either a subject- or object-first analysis. Results showed they performed like Dutch native speakers in that their reading times reflected an interaction between topichood and animacy in the on-line assignment of grammatical roles.
What is a reading error?
Authors: LABOV WILLIAM , BAKER BETTINA 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTEarly efforts to apply knowledge of dialect differences to reading stressed the importance of the distinction between differences in pronunciation and mistakes in reading. This study develops a method of estimating the probability that a given oral reading that deviates from the text is a true reading error by observing the semantic impact of the given pronunciation on the child's reading of the text that immediately follows. A diagnostic oral reading test was administered to 627 children who scored in the 33rd percentile range and below on state-mandated assessments in reading in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Atlanta, Georgia, and California elementary schools. Subjects were African American, European American, and Latino, including Latinos who learned to read in Spanish and in English first. For 12 types of dialect-related deviations from the text that were studied, the error rates in reading the following text were calculated for correct readings, incorrect readings, and potential errors. For African Americans, many of these potential errors behaved like correct readings. The opposite pattern was found for Latinos who learned to read in Spanish first: most types of potential errors showed the high percentage of following errors that is characteristic of true errors.
Seeing the harm in harmed and harmful: Morphological processing by children in Grades 4, 6, and 8
Authors: DEACON S. HÉLÈNE , CAMPBELL EMILY , TAMMINGA MEREDITH , KIRBY JOHN 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis study examined morphological processing of inflected and derived words by children in Grades 4, 6, and 8. Participants were shown root forms and inflected, derived, and orthographic control items (e.g., harm, harmed, harmful, or harmony), followed by a fragment completion task (e.g., completing h a_ _). Participants were equally likely to complete the fragment with the target root (e.g., harm for h a_ _) following priming with inflected or derived forms. This reflected a morphological effect; priming scores were higher for the inflected and derived forms than for orthographic counterparts. These effects were consistent across the grades studied, suggesting that morphological processing of inflected and derived words has a similar time course across Grades 4, 6, and 8.