bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational Programs and Generativity
Authors: Pinazo-Hernandis Sacramento , Sánchez Mariano 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Intergenerational interactions play a central role in understanding how a society inherits the legacy of the past, considers the present, and moves into the future. Consequently, this chapter delves into the relationship between intergenerational programs (IGPs) and generativity. The chapter’s rational is that given that IGPs are based on planned intergenerational contact and engagement, they may be pathways to effective promotion of generativity. The chapter identifies characteristics that make good IGPs work, such as the use of oral history, synergy of actions, mentoring, and modelling. Findings indicate that IGPs may be vehicles facilitating the practice of generativity in adulthood and increasing the perception of one’s own generativity. Furthermore, IGPs may be spaces for the cultivation of generativity at all ages, and age-integrated social forms through which generativity may be transmitted and learned. The case of intergenerational mentoring programs is addressed due to their direct connection with generative endeavors.
Active Aging, Social Policy, and Generativity
Authors: Villar Feliciano 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The objective of this chapter is to review the extent to which recent social policies based on the active aging framework have also promoted generativity-related ways of aging, particularly in Europe and the United States, the regions in which active aging policies have had the most impact. The chapter describes the rise and development of the active aging framework, and mentions the main institutional landmarks that underpin its popularity as a social policy tool. Subsequently, it discusses policies aimed at promoting the continuation of older people in the labor market and the civic participation of older people, areas that are potentially related to generativity in later life. Finally, the limitations and future challenges of active aging policies are considered from the perspective of promoting generativity in later life.
Introduction
Authors: Brett Mark G 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA Christian imagination of colonial discovery permeated the early modern world, and biblical interpretation shaped it in various ways, but legal histories played out in different ways depending on the imperial jurisdictions. Concepts of rights shifted over the centuries from theological to secular frameworks, and more recently, from anthropocentric and individualist assumptions to ecologically embedded and corporate concepts of Indigenous rights. Bearing in mind the differences between ancient and modern notions of indigeneity, a fresh understanding of this history is timely as settler colonial states reflect on the implications of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 2007 and seek to embed its principles in domestic laws and new intercultural practices.
Canaanites in the Land
Authors: Brett Mark G 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe chapter returns to the Hebrew Bible itself in order to uncover its own antinomies, which are in some ways analogous with the recurring contradictions within colonial discourses. The book of Joshua, for example, affirms at some points that Israel took “all the land,” while also acknowledging that some lands were not taken and that exceptional treaties were made with the prior inhabitants of the promised lands. Another strand of biblical tradition envisages the reduction of the prior inhabitants of Canaan to slavery, beginning with Noah’s notorious curse in Genesis 9. The very name “Israel” incorporates a reference to the Canaanite divinity, El, rather than to Yhwh (rendered as “the LORD” in most English translations). The combination of these two divine names—El and Yhwh—in the religions of ancient Israel and Judah remains one of the great paradoxes of biblical theology and history. Although the bulk of the biblical traditions configure early Israelites as outsiders to Canaan, this is not the only view, and the tensions between outsider and insider perspectives are evident in several biblical books.
Groups as Epistemic and Moral Agents
Authors: Brown Jessica 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This book takes seriously the idea that at least some groups, such as corporations and governments, are genuine agents with mental states on which they act. For instance, in morally assessing a government’s response to the coronavirus pandemic, we are interested in what the government knew at various points as the pandemic developed. And in predicting the outcome of the current war in Ukraine, we might ask what Russia believes about the West’s determination to defend Ukraine. The book examines a range of phenomena central to the epistemic and moral assessment of groups: group evidence, group belief, the basis of group belief, group justified belief, group knowledge, group motivation, and group blameless ignorance. Overall, the book defends a ‘non-summative’ functionalist view of groups. On a non-summative account of group phenomena, it is neither necessary nor sufficient for a group to have a property α that some/most/all of its members have that same property. By contrast, on a summative account it is necessary and sufficient for a group to have a property α that some/most/all of its members have that same property. Across the book I provide new arguments for non-summativism and new accounts of key group phenomena many of which have been relatively neglected in existing literature. While I provide independent arguments for a non-summative view of each phenomenon discussed, the conclusions of the chapters are mutually reinforcing. For adopting a non-summative account of one group phenomenon motivates adopting a non-summative account of others.
Group Belief
Authors: Brown Jessica 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, I defend a non-summative functionalist account of group belief which fits with the non-summative account of group evidence and group belief for a reason defended in the previous chapters. Adopting functionalism about group belief enables us to provide a unified account of individual and group belief. Since functionalism treats group belief as a causally effective state, it fits with the causal approach to what it is for a group to believe/act for a reason defended in Chapters 3 and 6. Furthermore, unlike a popular rival non-summative account—the joint commitment account—it doesn’t make belief voluntary and insensitive to evidence. In addition, I argue that, contra Lackey, it doesn’t face problems from considerations relating to base-fragility, judgement-fragility, and group lies and bullshit.
Group Action for a Reason
Authors: Brown Jessica 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The reason for which a group acts affects whether a group is praiseworthy for its action. For instance, we might differently assess two companies who both implement green policies but for different reasons (because it’s the right thing to do or because it’s profitable). I argue against a summative account on which the reason(s) for which a group performs an action is a function of the reason(s) for which its members play their parts in the group’s action. Instead, I suggest a non-summative causal account on which a group performs an action α for reason r if and only if the group’s action of performing α is non-deviantly caused by r. This allows that when a group does α for r, the members of the group may play their parts for a wide variety of motivations, whether because they share the group’s values or through incentivization.
Integrative immunophenotypic and genetic characterization of acute myeloid leukemia with CBFB rearrangement
Authors: Sameeta Fnu , Wang Sa A , Tang Zhenya , Khoury Joseph D , Fang Hong , Wang Dylan , Xu Jie , Li Shaoying , Hu Zhihong , Hu Shimin , Jorgensen Jeffrey L , Medeiros L Jeffrey , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We sought to characterize the immunophenotype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with CBFB rearrangement and correlate the results with cytogenetic and molecular data.

Methods
Sixty-one cases of AML with CBFB rearrangement were evaluated.

Results
The sample population consisted of 33 men and 28 women, with a median age of 49 years. Flow cytometry immunophenotypic analysis showed that myeloblasts were positive for CD34 and CD117 in all cases, and myeloperoxidase was positive in 52 of 55 (95%) cases. The most common abnormalities included decreased CD38 in 90%, increased CD13 in 85%, increased CD123 in 84%, and decreased HLA-DR in 84% of cases. Monocytes were increased, with a mature immunophenotype, and accounted for 23.7% of total cells. Among 60 cases with available karyotype, inv(16)(p13.1q22) was most common in 50 (83%) cases, followed by t(16;16) (p13.1;q22) in 6 (10%). Type A CBFB::MYH11 transcript was most common, detected in 84% of cases. Mutational analysis showed mutations of NRAS in 37%, FLT3 in 25%, and KIT in 24% of cases. Comparing cases with type A vs non–type A transcripts, blasts in type A cases more frequently exhibited CD64 positivity and increased CD13 levels while showing a lower frequency of CD7 and CD56 expression. Trisomy 22 and mutations in KIT, NF1, and TET2 were identified only in cases with type A transcript.

Conclusions
Myeloblasts of AML with CBFB rearrangement are positive for CD34, CD117, and myeloperoxidase. These neoplasms most frequently carry inv(16)(p13.1q22) and type A fusion transcript. NRAS mutation was the most common mutation. Some immunophenotypic and genetic correlations occurred with different types of transcripts.
Trait variation and performance across varying levels of drought stress in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Earley Ashley M , Nolting Kristen M , Donovan Lisa A , Burke John M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Drought is a major agricultural challenge that is expected to worsen with climate change. A better understanding of drought responses has the potential to inform efforts to breed more tolerant plants. We assessed leaf trait variation and covariation in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in response to water limitation. Plants were grown under four levels of water availability and assessed for environmentally induced plasticity in leaf stomatal and vein traits as well as biomass (performance indicator), mass fractions, leaf area, leaf mass per area, and chlorophyll content. Overall, biomass declined in response to stress; these changes were accompanied by responses in leaf-level traits including decreased leaf area and stomatal size, and increased stomatal and vein density. The magnitude of trait responses increased with stress severity and relative plasticity of smaller-scale leaf anatomical traits was less than that of larger-scale traits related to construction and growth. Across treatments, where phenotypic plasticity was observed, stomatal density was negatively correlated with stomatal size and positively correlated with minor vein density, but the correlations did not hold up within treatments. Four leaf traits previously shown to reflect major axes of variation in a large sunflower diversity panel under well-watered conditions (i.e. stomatal density, stomatal pore length, vein density, and leaf mass per area) predicted a surprisingly large amount of the variation in biomass across treatments, but trait associations with biomass differed within treatments. Additionally, the importance of these traits in predicting variation in biomass is mediated, at least in part, through leaf size. Our results demonstrate the importance of leaf anatomical traits in mediating drought responses in sunflower, and highlight the role that phenotypic plasticity and multi-trait phenotypes can play in predicting productivity under complex abiotic stresses like drought.
CAUSES OF CHRONIC PAIN UNRELATED TO SURGICAL TRAUMA AFTER GROIN HERNIA REPAIR: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Kroon L , Ticehurst K , Ahonen J , Norrby J , Ruiz-Jasbon F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Chronic inguinal pain (CIP) can be caused by several factors including musculoskeletal or neurological pathologies as well as by surgical trauma following groin hernia repair. The principal aim of this prospective cohort observational study was to find the incidence and causes of CIP unrelated to surgical trauma 12 months after inguinal hernia repair.

Method
During sixteen months patients consulting a hernia center for groin-related symptoms were included in the study. Patients were physically evaluated by surgeons and filled out an Inguinal Pain Questionnaire and a Numerical Rating Scale pain-questionnaire. For patients undergoing groin hernia repair, postoperative questionnaires similar to the pre-operative ones were sent out at 12 months. Patients scoring pain on postoperative questionnaires were reevaluated by phone consultation and physical examination.

Results
289 patients (78.1%) of 370 repaired patients filled in the postoperative questionnaires. 62 (21.4%) patients scored pain, of these patients 5 (1.7%, 5/289) answered incorrectly in the pain questionnaires and 14 (4.8%, 14/289) had non-surgical trauma causes of pain: 5 musculoskeletal, 4 neurological and 3 other medical pathologies.

Conclusion
This cohort study found CIP unrelated to surgical trauma in 4.8 % of patients undergoing a groin hernia repair. Most causes of pain unrelated to surgical trauma were musculoskeletal and neurological pathologies. Nearly a third of patients scoring groin pain on pain-questionnaires did not have chronic post-operative pain (CPSP), therefore incidence of CPSP should not be based solely on pain questionnaires. Clinical assessment of patients with pain is necessary to excluded CIP unrelated to surgical trauma.
SIGNIFICANT DEFECT: A SCOPING REVIEW OF EMERGENCY UMBILICAL HERNIA MANAGEMENT
Authors: Walshaw J , Kuligowska A , Smart N J , Blencowe N S , Lee M J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Umbilical hernias, while frequently asymptomatic, may become acutely symptomatic, strangulated, or obstructed, and require emergency treatment. Robust evidence is required for high-quality care in this field. This scoping review aims to elucidate evidence gaps regarding emergency care of umbilical hernias.

Methods
Systematic searches were used to identify primary research studies reporting on any aspect of emergency umbilical hernia care. Studies were excluded where emergency umbilical hernia care was not the primary focus and subsets of relevant data were unable to be extracted. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts, resolving disagreements by consensus or a third reviewer. Data was charted according to core concepts addressed by each study and a narrative synthesis was performed.

Results
Searches generated 299 abstracts, from which 32 full texts were assessed and 14 included in the final review. This encompassed 52,042 patients undergoing emergency umbilical hernia care. Most were retrospective cohort designs (11/14), split between single (6/14) and multi-centre (8/14) with only one randomised trial. Most multi-centre studies were from national databases (7/8). Themes arising included risk assessment (n = 4), timing of surgery (n = 4), investigations (n = 1), repair method (n = 8, 4 mesh vs. suture; 4 laparoscopic vs. open), and operative outcomes (n = 11). No studies included patient-reported outcomes specific to emergency umbilical hernia repair.

Conclusion
This scoping review demonstrates the paucity of high-quality data for this condition. There is a need for randomised trials addressing all aspects of emergency umbilical hernia repair, with patient-reported outcomes.
EXAMINING THE ROLE OF CHATGPT IN THE EVALUATION OF SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACTS
Authors: Cavanagh J , Lorenz W , Holland A , Mead B , Scarola G , Smart N , Fischer J , Janis J , Heniford B T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Reviewing abstracts for inclusion in scientific conferences involves substantial time and effort. Recent innovations in Large Language Model (LLM)s, such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT, have the potential to reduce the burden on reviewers. This study aimed to test that potential by programmatically grading abstracts using custom-trained LLMs.

Methods
Abstracts and reviewer grades of American Hernia Society (AHS – 2021) and American Plastic Surgery Association (ASPS 2021–2022) abstracts were obtained. Two new models of the state-of-the-art ChatGPT-3.5-turbo-1106 were fine-tuned on corpuses of these abstracts and grades. We trained for three epochs with a standard loss function and four inputs: a “system” directive, the grading rubric, the abstract, and the average reviewer grade on a five-point scale. The models were evaluated with the 2023 abstracts and grades from both societies. The trained models graded the abstracts and ranked them using three custom algorithms: QuickSort, which iteratively compared two abstracts at a time; Quartile, which ranked four; and Bridging, which combined batches of fifteen. Mean differences and Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between actual and predicted grades/rankings.

Results
The trained models successfully followed the 2023 rubrics and produced in less than 20 minutes predicted grades centered near the actual: the mean difference in groups was 0.0719 ± 0.881 for AHS and 0.104 ± 0.944 for ASPS. However, variance was high and the predicted rankings had at best weak rank correlations with the actual rankings.

Conclusion
Custom-trained LLMs present a novel method for evaluating abstracts efficiently, but further research is needed to fine-tune the models for more precise results.
OPEN PARASTOMAL HERNIA REPAIR (OPSHR): TECHNIQUES AND OUTCOMES AT A TERTIARY HERNIA CENTER
Authors: Holland A , Lorenz W , Mead B , Ku D , Scarola G , Augenstein V , Heniford B T , Polcz M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Parastomal hernia is a common complication that can impact quality of life or lead to intestinal obstruction. Repairs are complex, have high recurrences, and are without a clear best technique. Though repairs may be performed minimally invasively, a complex subset of patients require open parastomal hernia repair (OPSHR). OPSHR outcomes at a high-volume center are described.

Methods
A prospectively maintained database was queried for patients who underwent OPSHR at a tertiary hernia center. Operative details and outcomes are analyzed.

Results
Of 97 OPSHRs, mean age was 61.9 ± 12.6 years, 56.7% were female, 24.7% were diabetic, and average BMI was 31.3 ± 6.5 kg/m2. Defect size averaged 125.3 ± 130.0 cm2 and 41.2% were recurrent. Stomas were colostomies (56.7%), ileostomies (30.9%), and urostomies (12.4%). Patients underwent concurrent ventral hernia repair (56.7%), panniculectomy (22.7%), component separation (30.9%), and stoma resiting/reversal (40.2%). When stomas were not resited or reversed, techniques included suture repair (n = 7, 12.1%) or mesh reinforcement (n = 51, 87.9%; biologic – 54.9%, synthetic – 45.1%) with Sugarbaker (66.0%; preperitoneal – 63.6%, intraperitoneal – 33.3%, retrorectus – 3.0%), keyhole (28.0%), or onlay (6.0%) approaches.
Wound complications occurred in 18.6% (infection – 10.3%, breakdown – 9.3%, hematoma – 3.1%, cellulitis – 2.1%, seroma requiring intervention – 2.1%). Rates differed by colostomy (10.9%), ileostomy (23.3%), and urostomy (41.7%) (P = 0.031).
Mean follow-up was 31.6 ± 35.9 months with a 20.6% recurrence rate. On univariate analysis, patients with recurrence were younger (55.4 ± 12.6 vs. 63.6 ± 12.1 years; P = 0.008) with smaller mesh (470.4 ± 336.6 vs. 680.2 ± 388.1 cm2; P = 0.045). Recurrence did not differ by technique (onlay – 25.0%, primary repair – 21.4%, Sugarbaker – 18.2%, keyhole – 10.0%; P = 0.077). When stomas were relocated (26.8%), prophylactic mesh (84.6%) did not significantly impact recurrence (27.3% vs. 50.0%; P = 0.563).

Conclusions
This study represents the largest institutional series describing OPSHR outcomes. Larger meshes and older patients had fewer recurrences. Optimal OPSHR technique remains unclear, but these results may inform preoperative discussions and tailor surgical planning.
COMPARISON OF NON-MESH DESARDA TECHNIQUE VERSUS LICHTENSTEIN TECHNIQUE FOR INGUINAL HERNIA REPAIR: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF 14 COMPARATIVE STUDIES
Authors: Issa M T , Mohamedahmed A Y , Noureldin K , Kauser M , Sillah A K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Inguinal hernia is common, and its repair is described in different ways. However, Lichtenstein mesh repair [LT] has been recognized as a standard and safe repair, but it still carries mesh drawbacks. Desarda technique (DT) is a tension-free technique with no synthetic foreign-body materials used. This meta-analysis and systematic review aimed to compare the outcomes of the two techniques for inguinal hernia repair.

Methods
A systematic literature search for RCTs comparing DT and LT was conducted using electronic databases and Google Scholar services. Studies were evaluated for operative time, time to return to work (TTRW), recurrence, and post-operative complications. We pooled the data using the fixed and random effects models after assessing the heterogeneity among the included studies.

Results
A total number of 14 RCT studies were included: 9 RCTs and five observational ones. The total number was 3673 patients: 1794 in the Desarda group and 1879 in the Lichtenstein group. There was no statistical difference in recurrence or hematoma formation between the two groups [P = 0.50, 0.12 retrospectively]. There was a lower rate of overall postoperative complications [P = 0.0001], seroma [P = 0.0002], and surgical site infections (SSIs) [P = 0.03], operative time [P = 0.01] and TTRW [P = 0.008] with the Desarda technique.

Conclusion
DT and LT were found to have comparable results regarding recurrence rate and hematoma formation. DT is superior to LT in reducing postoperative mesh-attributed complications, such as SSI and Seroma formation, with less operative time and quicker return to regular activity.
RISK FACTORS FOR INCARCERATION/STRANGULATION IN PATIENTS WITH GROIN HERNIA: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Kandemir H , Dönmez T , Sürek A , Gümüşoğlu A , Canöz Ö , Karabulut M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Groin hernia is one of the most common benign pathologies requiring surgical intervention. Incarcerated groin hernia is a cause of serious morbidity and mortality. In our study, to better understand the factors associated with incarceration, we studied patients who applied to our clinic for groin hernia and underwent surgery.

Method
A prospective observational study was performed, including all patients who applied to the general surgery out patient clinic or emergency department at Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Training & Research Hospital and were diagnosed with groin or incarcerated groin hernia and underwent hernia repair surgery. Patients were divided into two groups: elective surgery and emergency surgery (incarcerated hernia). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for incarceration.

Results
The study was performed with a total of 654 cases between January 2021 and February 2023. Of these, 79.4% (n = 519) had elective surgery and 20.6% (n = 135) had emergency surgery. Increase in defect width, which was determined according to the EHS classification, was significantly associated with an incarcerated hernia (ODDS ratio 4.463 and 17.636, respectively). Additionally, female gender, femoral hernia type, chronic cough, and chronic constipation were found to be independent risk factors for incarceration.

Conclusion
Female gender, chronic cough, chronic constipation, femoral hernia type, and increased defect diameter are independent risk factors for urgent surgery and therefore incarceration in groin hernia.