bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 3‐year prospective study of implant‐supported, single‐tooth restorations of all‐ceramic and metal‐ceramic materials in patients with tooth agenesis
Authors: Hosseini Mandana , Worsaae Nils , Schiødt Morten , Gotfredsen Klaus 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this clinical study was to describe outcome variables of all‐ceramic and metal‐ceramic implant‐supported, single‐tooth restorations.Materials and methodsA total of 59 patients (mean age: 27.9 years) with tooth agenesis and treated with 98 implant‐supported single‐tooth restorations were included in this study. Two patients did not attend baseline examination, but all patients were followed for 3 years. The implants supported 52 zirconia, 21 titanium and 25 gold alloy abutments, which retained 64 all‐ceramic and 34 metal‐ceramic crowns. At baseline and 3‐year follow‐up examinations, the biological outcome variables such as survival rate of implants, marginal bone level, modified Plaque Index (mPlI), modified Sulcus Bleeding Index (mBI) and biological complications were registered. The technical outcome variables included abutment and crown survival rate, marginal adaptation of crowns, cement excess and technical complications. The aesthetic outcome was assessed by using the Copenhagen Index Score, and the patient‐reported outcomes were recorded using the OHIP‐49 questionnaire. The statistical analyses were mainly performed by using mixed model of ANOVA for quantitative data and PROC NLMIXED for ordinal categorical data.ResultsThe 3‐year survival rate was 100% for implants and 97% for abutments and crowns. Significantly more marginal bone loss was registered at gold‐alloy compared to zirconia abutments (P = 0.040). The mPlI and mBI were not significantly different at three abutment materials. The frequency of biological complications was higher at restorations with all‐ceramic restorations than metal‐ceramic crowns. Loss of retention, which was only observed at metal‐ceramic crowns, was the most frequent technical complication, and the marginal adaptations of all‐ceramic crowns were significantly less optimal than metal‐ceramic crowns (P = 0.020). The professional‐reported aesthetic outcome demonstrated significantly superior colour match of all‐ceramic over metal‐ceramic crowns (P = 0.015). However, no significant differences in the other aesthetic parameters at various restoration materials were registered. After 3 years, the patient‐reported outcome variables at different restoration materials were not significantly different.ConclusionThe biological outcomes at the zirconia and metal abutments were comparable. All‐ceramic crowns demonstrated better colour match, but higher frequency of marginal discrepancy compared to metal‐ceramic crowns. Generally, the patients noticed no difference in aesthetic outcome of all‐ceramic and metal‐ceramic restorations.
Setae from the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) contain several relevant allergens
Authors: Rodriguez‐Mahillo Ana Isabel , Gonzalez‐Muñoz Miguel , Vega José María , López Juan Antonio , Yart Annie , Kerdelhué Carole , Camafeita Emilio , Garcia Ortiz José Carlos , Vogel Heiko , Petrucco Toffolo Edoardo , Zovi Daniel , Battisti Andrea , Roques Alain , Moneo Ignacio 
Published: June 2012

Background. Pine processionary larvae produce urticating hairs (setae) that serve for protection against predators. Setae induce cutaneous reactions in animals and humans. The presence of toxic or allergic mechanisms is a matter of debate.Objectives. To detect the presence of allergens in setae and to characterize them.Materials and methods. Setae extracts were characterized by gel staining and immunoblot, with sera from patients with immediate reactions and positive prick test reactions, as well as a rabbit antiserum raised against setae. Setae proteins were fractionated by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The most relevant allergen was analysed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS), and its sequence was deduced from an expressed sequence tag bank.Results. Setae contained at least seven different allergens. The most intense detection corresponded to a protein of MW ∼ 14 000 that was similar to thaumetopoein, a previously described protein with mast cell‐degranulating properties. MALDI‐MS‐based de novo sequencing provided a partial amino acid sequence different from that of the previously described allergen Tha p 1, and it was named Tha p 2. This allergen was detected in 61% of patients, and it is therefore a new major caterpillar allergen.Conclusions. Penetration of the setae from the pine processionary caterpillar delivers their allergenic content in addition to causing mechanical or toxic injury.
Identification and characterization of a gene encoding a UBX domain‐containing protein in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis
Authors: He Zheng‐Bo , Xie Yu , Si Feng‐Ling , Chen Bin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractUbiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain‐containing proteins are believed to function as cofactors for p97/CDC48, an adenosine triphosphatase shown to be involved in multiple cellular processes. In the present study, a full‐length complementary DNA (cDNA) of UBX domain‐containing gene, termed LmUBX1, was cloned from Locusta migratoria manilensis and characterized, using random amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction (RACE PCR), sequence analysis and quantitative real‐time PCR. LmUBX1, 1 600 bp in length, is predicted to encode a 446‐amino acid protein with a predicted molecular weight of 51.18 kDa that contains a central PUB domain and a carboxy‐terminal UBX domain. Homology analysis revealed that LmUBX1 has higher similarity to the known UBX domain‐containing proteins from insects than from other species. Moreover, based on sequence characteristics and phylogenetic relationships, it is suggested that LmUBX1 can be classified into the UBXD1 subfamily. Expression analysis founded that LmUBX1 exhibited significant expression variations at different developmental stages and in different tissues, suggesting that the expression of LmUBX1 was highly regulated. Interestingly, its messenger RNA transcript was more abundant in ovary and testis than in other tissues examined, suggesting that it may have more important roles in the reproductive system. In addition, LmUBX1 was differentially expressed in gregarious and solitary locusts and was significantly up‐regulated in third and fifth instars of gregarious locusts, implying that LmUBX1 was also likely involved in the phase polyphenisms in L. migratoria manilensis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of cloning of a full‐length cDNA of UBX domain‐containing gene from L. migratoria manilensis.
Dehumidifier Assisted Drying of a Model Fruit Pulp‐Based Gel and Sensory Attributes
Authors: Tiwari Shipra , Ravi Ramasamy , Bhattacharya Suvendu 
Published: June 2012

Abstract:  Model fruit pulp‐based gels were prepared by varying mango pulp (0% to 50%), sucrose (0% to 20%), and agar (1% to 3%) and according to a response surface experimental design followed by drying at a low temperature of 40 °C upto 15 h in a tray dryer assisted by a dehumidifier. The moisture content, shrinkage (SHR), and rheological parameters (failure strain, failure stress (FS), firmness, and energy for compression) were determined as a function of drying time. The composition of gel, particularly the agar content had a prominent effect on the characteristics of the dried gel. Detailed descriptive sensory analysis employing principle component analysis (PCA) biplot indicated two distinct groups of attributes; the first group comprised initial and final moisture contents, extent of moisture removal (EMR), and shrinkage. The fracture stress and energy formed the second group. The analysis of variance for failure stress showed that it depended only on the positive linear and quadratic effects of agar (significant at P≤ 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). The theoretically predicted extent of moisture removal at 95.6% could be achieved when the level of agar was 1.2%; pulp and sucrose levels were also close to their lowest levels of 3.6% and 0.04%, respectively.Practical Application:  Scope exists to develop gel‐based fruit analogues wherein an appropriate hydrocolloid can be employed along with fruit juice/pulp. To provide a reasonable shelf‐life of the developed intermediate moisture containing product, dehumidifier assisted drying is a pragmatic approach that affects sensory and rheological attributes of the dried fruit analogue.
Bacterial Diversity in Dried Colostrum and Whey Sold as Nutraceutical Products
Authors: Hayes M. Melissa , Hughes Thomas A. , Greene Annel K. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract:  The microbial communities were analyzed from commercially available dried dairy nutraceutical products, including 4 brands of dried colostrum, 2 brands of dried whey, and 1 brand of nonfat dry milk. A culture‐dependent 16S rRNA sequencing approach was utilized to elucidate the identity of individual isolates recovered from each dried dairy product. Approximately 69% of all bacterial isolates were members the genus of Bacillus, while approximately 14% of all bacterial isolates were identified as members of the genus Pseudomonas. Members of the Kocuria, Microbacterium, and Enterococcus genera were identified as well.Practical Application:  This project investigated the microbial populations inherent in dried commercially available nutraceutical products. Bovine colostrum has been reported to have protective activity against certain viral and bacterial pathogens. This project was designed to identify the bacterial populations within dried dairy nutraceutical products to determine if any species were common to all products and which may impact the reported nutraceutical properties.
A Facile method to Prepare Monodispersed CdS/SiO2 Composite Microspheres and Investigation on Their Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Peng Cheng , Cheng Xinjian , Chen Sufang , Li Xianghong , Li Tingcheng , Zhang Daohong , Huang Zhengxi , Zhang Aiqing 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis article presents a facile method to prepare CdS/SiO2 composite microspheres and their good catalytic properties. In our method, monodispersed SiO2 particles bearing amino groups (–NH2) were synthesized at first and then used as carriers to load nanosized CdS particles to form CdS/SiO2 composite microspheres. With the addition of CdAc2 solution to the SiO2 dispersion, Cd2+ was attracted to the surfaces of the SiO2 particles through coordination interaction, and then thioacetamide was added to the dispersion. By heating, S2− released and reacted with the Cd2+, CdS/SiO2 composite microspheres were obtained accordingly. The photocatalytic properties of the as‐prepared composite microspheres were investigated as well. It was found that the composite microspheres have excellent photocatalytic activities for the degradation of dyes comparing with the commercial P‐25 TiO2 catalysts. After using and recycling for three times, the photocatalytic performance still remained very well.
Expression of native and mutant extracellular lipases fromYarrowia lipolytica in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Darvishi Farshad 
Published: June 2012

SummarySaccharomyces cerevisiae cannot produce extracellular lipase and utilize low‐cost lipid substrates. This study aimed to express extracellular lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica in S. cerevisiae, construct recombinant oily substrate consumer strains, and compare the roles of native and mutant Y. lipolytica extracellular lipases in S. cerevisiae. The LIP2 gene of Y. lipolytica DSM3286 and its mutant Y. lipolytica U6 were isolated and cloned by expression vector in S. cerevisiae. New recombinant S. cerevisiae strains FDS100 containing the native LIP2 gene, and FDS101 containing the mutant LIP2 gene were produced 10 and 15 U ml
−1 extracellular lipase respectively, on a production medium containing olive oil. New recombinant
S. cerevisiae strains produce acceptable amount of extracellular lipase in comparison with Y. lipolytica wild‐type strains. These strains can utilize olive oil and lipids as low‐cost substrates to produce bioethanol, single cell protein and other biotechnologically valuable products. The recombinant S. cerevisiae strain with mutant LIP2 produced lipase with 1.5‐fold higher activity. The LIP2 gene of Y. lipolytica was expressed in S. cerevisiae as a heterologous protein without any modifications. Strong components of the Y. lipolytica expression/secretion system could be used for high‐level production of recombinant proteins in S. cerevisiae.
A BLOC‐1 mutation screen reveals a novel BLOC1S3 mutation in Hermansky–Pudlak Syndrome type 8
Authors: Cullinane Andrew R. , Curry James A. , Golas Gretchen , Pan James , Carmona‐Rivera Carmelo , Hess Richard A. , White James G. , Huizing Marjan , Gahl William A. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryHermansky–Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder of lysosome‐related organelle biogenesis and is characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and a bleeding diathesis. Over the past decade, we screened 250 patients with HPS‐like symptoms for mutations in the genes responsible for HPS subtypes 1–6. We identified 38 individuals with no functional mutations, and therefore, we analyzed all eight genes encoding the biogenesis of lysosome‐related organelles complex‐1 (BLOC‐1) proteins in these individuals. Here, we describe the identification of a novel nonsense mutation in BLOC1S3 (HPS‐8) in a 6‐yr‐old Iranian boy. This mutation caused nonsense‐mediated decay of BLOC1S3 mRNA and destabilized the BLOC‐1 complex. Our patient’s melanocytes showed aberrant localization of TYRP1, with increased plasma membrane trafficking. These findings confirm a common cellular defect for HPS patients with defects in BLOC‐1 subunits. We identified only two patients with BLOC‐1 defects in our cohort, suggesting that other HPS genes remain to be identified.
Henipaviruses: An Updated Review Focusing on the Pteropid Reservoir and Features of Transmission
Authors: Clayton B. A. , Wang L. F. , Marsh G. A. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe henipaviruses, Hendra virus and Nipah virus, are pathogens that have emerged from flying foxes in Australia and South‐east Asia to infect both livestock and humans, often fatally. Since the emergence of Hendra virus in Australia in 1994 and the identification of Australian flying foxes as hosts to this virus, our appreciation of bats as reservoir hosts of henipaviruses has expanded globally to include much of Asia and areas of Africa. Despite this, little is currently known of the mechanisms by which bats harbour viruses capable of causing such severe disease in other terrestrial mammals. Pteropid bat ecology, henipavirus virology, therapeutic developments and features of henipavirus infection, pathology and disease in humans and other mammals are reviewed elsewhere in detail. This review focuses on bats as reservoir hosts to henipaviruses and features of transmission of Hendra virus and Nipah virus following spillover from these reservoir hosts.
Equine Multiple Acyl‐CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MADD) Associated with Seasonal Pasture Myopathy in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Sponseller B.T. , Valberg S.J. , Schultz N.E. , Bedford H. , Wong D.M. , Kersh K. , Shelton G.D. 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundSeasonal pasture myopathy (SPM) is a highly fatal form of nonexertional rhabdomyolysis that occurs in pastured horses in the United States during autumn or spring. In Europe, a similar condition, atypical myopathy (AM), is common. Recently, a defect of lipid metabolism, multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), has been identified in horses with AM.ObjectiveTo determine if SPM in the United States is caused by MADD.AnimalsSix horses diagnosed with SPM based on history, clinical signs, and serum creatine kinase activity, or postmortem findings.MethodsRetrospective descriptive study. Submissions to the Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory at the University of Minnesota were reviewed between April 2009 and January 2010 to identify cases of SPM. Inclusion criteria were pastured, presenting with acute nonexertional rhabdomyolysis, and serum, urine, or muscle samples available for analysis. Horses were evaluated for MADD by urine organic acids, serum acylcarnitines, muscle carnitine, or histopathology.ResultsSix horses had clinical signs and, where performed (4/6 horses), postmortem findings consistent with SPM. Affected muscle (4/4) showed degeneration with intramyofiber lipid accumulation, decreased free carnitine concentration, and increased carnitine esters. Serum acylcarnitine profiles (3/3) showed increases in short‐ and medium‐chain acylcarnitines and urinary organic acid profiles (3/3) revealed increased ethylmalonic and methylsuccinic acid levels, and glycine conjugates, consistent with equine MADD.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSimilar to AM, the biochemical defect causing SPM is MADD, which causes defective muscular lipid metabolism and excessive myofiber lipid content. Diagnosis can be made by assessing serum acylcarnitine and urine organic acid profiles.
paleotree: an R package for paleontological and phylogenetic analyses of evolution
Authors: Bapst David W. 
Published: June 2012

Summary1. paleotree is a library of functions for the R statistical computing environment dedicated to analyses that combine paleontological and phylogenetic data sets, particularly the time‐scaling of phylogenetic trees, which include extinct fossil lineages.2. The functions included in this library focus on simulating paleontological data sets, measuring sampling rates, time‐scaling cladograms of fossil taxa and plotting historical diversity curves.3. I describe the capabilities and analytical basis of the functions in paleotree by presenting two examples. The first example showcases the simulation capabilities and plotting the output as diversity curves. The second example demonstrates time‐scaling a cladogram of fossil taxa and estimating sampling rates and completeness from temporal ranges.
Corresponding across Religious Borders: Al-Bājī’s Response to a Missionary Letter from France
Authors: Cucarella >Diego Sarrió 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
“I have examined, O monk, the letter coming from you, the friendship therein proffered, the advice which you offer, and the intention which you disclose.” With these words begins the reply written by the eminent Andalusian Mālikī scholar Abū l-Walīd Sulaymān al-Bājī (d. 1081) to a letter received at the Muslim court of Saragossa from an unidentified ‘monk of France’ inviting the ruler to convert to Christianity. This letter, if authentic, is the earliest extant record of a Christian mission to Muslims in the West. After introducing al-Bājī and situating him in the socio-political and religious circumstances of the time, this article offers a review of past scholarship relating to this correspondence, which has mostly focused on the authenticity of the Christian letter and the possible identification of its author. It is argued in favor of the authenticity of the exchange, offering reasons for it. The article then turns to al-Bājī’s text, seeking to draw from it what it can tell us about him and how he viewed Christians and Christianity.
Vanquish the Haughty and Spare the Subjected: A Study of Bernard of Clairvaux’s Position on Muslims and Jews
Authors: Kroemer James 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The Jews and the Muslims drew the attention of the twelfth Century Cistercian abbot Bernard of Clairvaux, and his words and actions had consequences for both communities. Despite his many demeaning comments about Jews and Judaism, he defended Jews from Crusader attacks, and he believed that Jews would convert to Christianity prior to the end of the world. On the other hand, he promoted the Second Crusade for the purpose of defending Jerusalem from Muslim invasion. He had no interest in converting Muslims to Christianity, only killing them if they continued their threat on the Holy Land. A close examination of Bernard’s writings reveals that his position on Jews and Muslims was not merely a reflection of church policy, but a means to advance his personal spiritual desire of union with God.
Neu entdeckte Traktate des (Ps.-)Amphilochius von Ikonium in Unzialschrift
Authors: Albrecht Felix 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Codex Bodleianus Auct. T. 4. 21 (Misc. 259) is a 12th-century manuscript written in large part on palimpsested parchment. It contains, inter alia, hitherto unknown treatises of (Ps.-)Amphilochius Iconiensis as underlying scripture (scriptio inferior). In 2011 the author discovered these treatises during a research stay at the Bodleian Library in Oxford. The (Ps.-)Amphilochius sections are written in a clear uncial script from the 8th-9th century. A complete edition of the manuscript’s scriptiones inferiores together with a codicological analysis and a palaeographical description is in preparation.
The Protection of Human Rights in Uganda: Public Awareness and Perceptions
Authors: Mubangizi John Cantius 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis article analyzes the results of a research study in Uganda aimed at determining the level of public awareness and the perceptions regarding the protection and enjoyment of such rights. The survey sought information on public knowledge or awareness of the bill of rights, violation or protection of various types of rights, and awareness and perceptions regarding human rights institutions. It was found that although human rights violations still abound in Uganda, there is a high level of public awareness of the Constitution and the human rights it contains, that human rights violations take place more in the rural areas than in urban areas and that Ugandans blame the government for most of these human rights violations. The article concludes that there are still several challenges facing the promotion and protection of human rights in Uganda and that any attempts to address these challenges must take advantage of the opportunities offered by the constitutional framework.
The Constitutional Protection of Socio-Economic Rights in Selected African Countries: A Comparative Evaluation
Authors: Mubangizi John Cantius 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis article evaluates the extent to which a few selected African countries have incorporated socio-economic rights in their constitutions, the mechanisms through which such rights are realised, the challenges such realisation entails and the approach taken by the courts and other human rights institutions in those countries towards the realisation and enforcement of those rights. The survey examines South Africa, Namibia, Uganda and Ghana. Apart from the logical geographical spread, all these countries enacted their present constitutions around the same time (1990 to 1996) in an attempt to transform themselves into democratic societies. In a sense, these countries can be seen as transitional societies, emerging as they have done, from long periods of apartheid and foreign domination or autocratic dictatorships. The latter is true for Uganda and Ghana while the former refers to South Africa and Namibia. The article concludes that South Africa has not only made the most advanced constitutional provision for socio-economic rights, it has also taken the lead in the judicial enforcement of such rights, an experience from which the other countries in the survey can learn.
The Emerging Role of the Constitutional Value of Ubuntu for Informal Social Security in South Africa
Authors: Tshoose Clarence I. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper explores the significance of the African value of ubuntu within the context of social protection. The paper argues that ubuntu as a constitutional value plays a crucial role in supporting the existence of informal social security in South Africa. It concludes by reflecting the overarching potential that the traditional African value has for influencing the social protection and enhancing family solidarity in the South African context.