bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Administration ofhyoscine- n-butylbromideduring colonoscopy: a survey of current UK practice: Table 1
Authors: Bedford Matthew Robert , Reuser Tristan , Wilson Paul , Karandikar Sharad , Bowley Douglas 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveCurrent British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines suggest thathyoscine-n-butylbromide (Buscopan)should be avoided during colonoscopy in patients with a history of angle-closure glaucoma. Angle-closure glaucoma, however, is not very common, is asymptomatic before onset and is treated definitively by a single laser treatment (if spotted early). Open-angle glaucoma is not affected byhyoscine. The aim of this study was to assess the use ofhyoscineamong colonoscopists, with particular reference to glaucoma.Design and settingFollowing BSG endoscopy subcommittee approval, a short questionnaire was electronically administered to members of the BSG and the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.Main outcome measuresHyoscineuse among colonoscopists, and effect of glaucoma history upon prescribing practice.Results188 colonoscopists responded to some or all of the questions. 123/183 (67.2%) of respondents claimed they were aware of the BSG guidelines. 160/187 (85.6%) sometimes or always usehyoscine, while 27/187 (14.4%) never do. 137/177 (77.4%) always enquire about glaucoma history prior to administration, although 147/176 (83.0%) make no differentiation between open-angle or angle-closure forms. 126/178 (70.8%) would (incorrectly) withholdhyoscineif the patient declares a history of any form of glaucoma. 140/179 (78.2%) do not substitute glucagon as an antispasmodic. 4/180 (2.2%) had encountered ophthalmic complications post-administration.ConclusionsCurrent BSG guidelines pertaining tohyoscineuse and glaucoma are inappropriate; the authors recommend revision. Patients undergoing colonoscopy who have receivedhyoscineshould, instead, be advised to seek urgent medical advice if they develop ophthalmic symptoms.
Structural stigma, sex work and HIV: contradictions and lessons learnt from a community-led structural intervention in southern India
Authors: Biradavolu Monica Rao , Blankenship Kim M , Jena Asima , Dhungana Nimesh 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundRecent theorisation has pushed stigma research in new directions, arguing for a need to challenge the unequal power relations that impact groups most at risk for HIV-related stigma rather than locate stigma in the individual. Such a conceptualisation resonates with the growing emphasis on structural interventions for HIV prevention that attempt to alter the social context of risk.MethodsThe paper predominantly relies on longitudinal interviews conducted three times over a 2-year period with sex workers with varying degrees of involvement with the non-governmental organisation (NGO) and community-based organisation.ResultsRecognising that stigma is socially constructed and structurally reproduced, the NGO helped mobilise marginalised and hitherto scattered female sex workers to form community-based organisations to challenge their disadvantaged status in society. The authors show how stigma alleviation strategies presented a contradiction: emboldening one group of female sex workers to self-identify as sex workers while making others reluctant to access the intervention-run clinic.ConclusionThe paper builds on a growing body of research that acknowledges the struggles in implementing structural interventions, particularly for NGOs working in regions with a diverse population of sex workers with varying needs. The authors argue that intervention goals of reducing stigma and increasing the use of sexually transmitted infection services do not have to conflict and, in fact, must go hand-in-hand for an implementation to be considered astructuralintervention.
Standard of practice: endovascular treatment of intracranial atherosclerosis: Table 1
Authors: Hussain M Shazam , Fraser Justin F , Abruzzo Todd , Blackham Kristine A , Bulsara Ketan R , Derdeyn Colin P , Gandhi Chirag D , Hirsch Joshua A , Hsu Daniel P , Jayaraman Mahesh V , Meyers Philip M , Narayanan Sandra , Prestigiacomo Charles J , Rasmussen Peter A 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundSymptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) worldwide represents one of the most prevalent causes of stroke. When severe, studies show that it has a very high risk for recurrent stroke, highlighting the need for effective preventative strategies. The mainstay of treatment has been medical therapy and is of critical importance in all patients with this disease. Endovascular therapy is also a possible therapeutic option but much remains to be defined in terms of best techniques and patient selection. This guideline will serve as recommendations for diagnosis and endovascular treatment of patients with ICAD.MethodsA literature review was performed to extract published literature regarding ICAD, published from 2000 to 2011. Evidence was evaluated and classified according to American Heart Association (AHA)/American Stroke Association standard. Recommendations are made based on available evidence assessed by the Standards Committee of the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery. The assessment was based on guidelines for evidence based medicine proposed by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN), the Stroke Council of the AHA and the University of Oxford, Centre for Evidence Based Medicine (CEBM).Results59 publications were identified. The SAMMPRIS study is the only prospective, randomized, controlled trial available and is given an AHA level B designation, AAN class II and CEBM level 1b. The Stenting of Symptomatic Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Vertebral or Intracranial arteries (SSYLVIA) trial was a prospective, non-randomized study with the outcome assessment made by a non-operator study neurologist, allowing an AHA level B, AAN class III and CEBM level 2. The remaining studies were uncontrolled or did not have objective outcome measurement, and are thus classified as AHA level C, AAN class IV and CEBM level 4.ConclusionMedical management with combination aspirin and clopidogrel for 3 months and aggressive risk factor modification is the firstline therapy for patients with symptomatic ICAD. Endovascular angioplasty with or without stenting is a possible therapeutic option for selected patients with symptomatic ICAD. Further studies are necessary to define appropriate patient selection and the best therapeutic approach for various subsets of patients.
The role of feelings of intimacy on perceptions of risk for a sexually transmitted disease and condom use in the sexual relationships of adolescent African–American females
Authors: Matson Pamela A , Chung Shang-en , Sander Petra , Millstein Susan G , Ellen Jonathan M 
Published: June 2012

ObjectivesA core construct targeted by behavioural interventions is the perception that one is at risk for acquiring a sexually transmitted disease (STD). The objective of this analysis was to examine the role of intimacy on perceptions of risk for an STD (PRSTD) and condom use within late adolescent females' main relationships.MethodsA clinical sample of African–American women aged 14–19 years at enrolment were followed prospectively for 3 years. At each semiannual interview, participants reported their partner-specific PRSTD, feelings of intimacy, perceptions of partner's concurrency and condom use at last sex for each of their main sex partners.ResultsA total of 285 individuals reported 724 main relationships. Using generalised estimating equations, intimacy was negatively associated with risk perception, after adjusting for perceptions of partner concurrency (OR: 0.68; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.76). PRSTD was no longer associated with condom use after adjusting for intimacy (OR: 1.30; 95% CI 0.83 to 2.02.ConclusionsIntimacy was found to be associated with risk perception and condom use within adolescent main relationships. Adolescents may not view their intimate partners as sources of infection. The success of individual-level STD prevention efforts, such as condom promotion, might be limited as condoms may be in conflict with adolescents' expectations about intimate relationships.
Laparoscopic ovariectomy in dogs using a single‐port multiple‐access device
Authors: Manassero M. , Leperlier D. , Vallefuoco R. , Viateau V. 
Published: June 2012

The aim of this case series was to describe a novel technique of single‐incision laparoscopic ovariectomy in dogs using the SILS Port (Covidien), a single‐port multiple‐access device, in 40 client‐owned dogs. A single 3 cm incision was made caudal to the umbilicus and the SILS Port device was bluntly introduced. Three cannulae were inserted in the SILS Port through the access channels. In the first 20 cases, a transabdominal suspension suture was used to transfix the ovaries. In all cases, ovariectomy was performed using a standard straight non‐roticulated laparoscopic grasper and a vessel sealer/divider device. Mean (sd) duration of the ovarian resection was 25.1 (6.1) minutes (range 16 to 39 minutes). In five dogs (with transabdominal suspension suture), minor bleeding in the mesovarium or in the spleen was observed. Since the SILS Port allows simultaneous use of two instruments and a telescope through a single incision, the suspension suture is not mandatory. The lack of a transabdominal suspension suture increased collision between instruments and the telescope, but triangulation capabilities remained sufficient to achieve visualisation, sufficient manoeuvrability and safe vessel sealer/divider device application. The time to perform ovarian resection remained unaltered with or without suspension suture and regardless of the fat score of the ovarian ligament. Complications were less frequent without a suspension suture.
Caveolin-1 Increases Aerobic Glycolysis in Colorectal Cancers by Stimulating HMGA1-Mediated GLUT3 Transcription
Authors: Ha Tae-Kyu , Her Nam-Gu , Lee Min-Goo , Ryu Byung-Kyu , Lee Jin-Hee , Han Jikhyon , Jeong Seong-In , Kang Min-Ju , Kim Nam-Hoon , Kim Hyo-Jong , Chi Sung-Gil 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) acts as a growth suppressor in various human malignancies, but its expression is elevated in many advanced cancers, suggesting the oncogenic switch of its role during tumor progression. To understand the molecular basis for the growth-promoting function of CAV1, we characterized its expression status, differential roles for tumor growth, and effect on glucose metabolism in colorectal cancers. Abnormal elevation of CAV1 was detected in a substantial fraction of primary tumors and cell lines and tightly correlated with promoter CpG sites hypomethylation. Depletion of elevated CAV1 led to AMPK activation followed by a p53-dependent G1 cell-cycle arrest and autophagy, suggesting that elevated CAV1 may contribute to ATP generation. Furthermore, CAV1 depletion downregulated glucose uptake, lactate accumulation, and intracellular ATP level, supporting that aerobic glycolysis is enhanced by CAV1. Consistently, CAV1 was shown to stimulate GLUT3 transcription via an HMGA1-binding site within the GLUT3 promoter. HMGA1 was found to interact with and activate the GLUT3 promoter and CAV1 increased the HMGA1 activity by enhancing its nuclear localization. Ectopic expression of HMGA1 increased glucose uptake, whereas its knockdown caused AMPK activation. In addition, GLUT3 expression was strongly induced by cotransfection of CAV1 and HMGA1, and its overexpression was observed predominantly in tumors harboring high levels of CAV1 and HMGA1. Together, these data show that elevated CAV1 upregulates glucose uptake and ATP production through HMGA1-mediated GLUT3 transcription, suggesting that CAV1 may render tumor cells growth advantages by enhancing aerobic glycolysis. Cancer Res; 72(16); 4097–109. ©2012 AACR.
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase p110α Is a Master Regulator of Exercise-Induced Cardioprotection and PI3K Gene Therapy Rescues Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Weeks Kate L. , Gao Xiaoming , Du Xiao-Jun , Boey Esther J.H. , Matsumoto Aya , Bernardo Bianca C. , Kiriazis Helen , Cemerlang Nelly , Tan Joon Win , Tham Yow Keat , Franke Thomas F. , Qian Hongwei , Bogoyevitch Marie A. , Woodcock Elizabeth A. , Febbraio Mark A. , Gregorevic Paul , McMullen Julie R. 
Published: June 2012

Background—
Numerous molecular and biochemical changes have been linked with the cardioprotective effects of exercise, including increases in antioxidant enzymes, heat shock proteins, and regulators of cardiac myocyte proliferation. However, a master regulator of exercise-induced protection has yet to be identified. Here, we assess whether phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) p110α is essential for mediating exercise-induced cardioprotection, and if so, whether its activation independent of exercise can restore function of the failing heart.

Methods and Results—
Cardiac-specific transgenic (Tg) mice with elevated or reduced PI3K(p110α) activity (constitutively active PI3K [caPI3K] and dominant negative PI3K, respectively) and non-Tg controls were subjected to 4 weeks of exercise training followed by 1 week of pressure overload (aortic-banding) to induce pathological remodeling. Aortic-banding in untrained non-Tg controls led to pathological cardiac hypertrophy, depressed systolic function, and lung congestion. This phenotype was attenuated in non-Tg controls that had undergone exercise before aortic-banding. Banded caPI3K mice were protected from pathological remodeling independent of exercise status, whereas exercise provided no protection in banded dominant negative PI3K mice, suggesting that PI3K is necessary for exercise-induced cardioprotection. Tg overexpression of heat shock protein 70 could not rescue the phenotype of banded dominant negative PI3K mice, and deletion of heat shock protein 70 from banded caPI3K mice had no effect. Next, we used a gene therapy approach (recombinant adeno-associated viral vector 6) to deliver caPI3K expression cassettes to hearts of mice with established cardiac dysfunction caused by aortic-banding. Mice treated with recombinant adeno-associated viral 6-caPI3K vectors had improved heart function after 10 weeks.

Conclusions—
PI3K(p110α) is essential for exercise-induced cardioprotection and delivery of caPI3K vector can improve function of the failing heart.
Exercise Hemodynamics in Patients With and Without Diastolic Dysfunction and Preserved Ejection Fraction After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Andersen Mads J. , Ersbøll Mads , Bro-Jeppesen John , Gustafsson Finn , Hassager Christian , Køber Lars , Borlaug Barry A. , Boesgaard Søren , Kjærgaard Jasper , Møller Jacob E. 
Published: June 2012

Background—
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (DD) is common after myocardial infarction (MI) despite preservation of left ventricular ejection fraction, yet it remains unclear how or whether DD affects cardiac hemodynamics with stress.

Methods and Results—

Invasive hemodynamic exercise testing was performed in 46 patients with a recent MI and left ventricular ejection fraction >45% and in 10 healthy volunteers. MI patients were enrolled prospectively and divided into those with DD (MI+DD; left atrial volume index >34 mL/m
2
and diastolic E/e′ ratio>8; n=35) and those without DD (MI–DD; left atrial volume index <34 mL/m
2
and E/e′ ratio<8; n=11). All underwent a supine cycle ergometer test with simultaneous right heart catheterization and echocardiography. At rest, 10 patients in MI+DD (29%) had pulmonary capillary wedge pressure >15 (14±4 mm Hg), whereas none of the MI−DD (10±2 mm Hg) or controls (9±2 mm Hg) displayed pulmonary capillary wedge pressure elevation (
P
=0.03). During exercise, an abnormal rise in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (>25 mm Hg) was observed in 94% of MI+DD (36±6 mm Hg) compared with 36% of MI−DD (24±6 mm Hg) and none of the controls (16±6 mm Hg;
P
<0.0001). Exercise right atrial pressure was the highest in MI+DD followed by MI−DD and control (15±5 versus 9±4 versus 7±5 mm Hg;
P
<0.001), whereas no difference in cardiac index was found between groups.

Conclusions—
In post-MI patients with preserved ejection fraction and left ventricular DD, cardiac output with exercise is maintained at the expense of substantially increased filling pressure. DD and loss of diastolic reserve may promote progression from stage B to stage C heart failure after MI. (Circ Heart Fail. 2012;5:-451.)
Suppression of Arterial Thrombosis Without Affecting Hemostatic Parameters With a Cell-Penetrating PAR1 Pepducin
Authors: Zhang Ping , Gruber András , Kasuda Shogo , Kimmelstiel Carey , O'Callaghan Katie , Cox Daniel H. , Bohm Andrew , Baleja James D. , Covic Lidija , Kuliopulos Athan 
Published: June 2012

Background—
Thrombin-dependent platelet activation is heightened in the setting of percutaneous coronary intervention and may cause arterial thrombosis with consequent myocardial necrosis. Given the high incidence of adverse effects in patients with acute coronary syndromes, there remains an unmet need for the development of new therapeutics that target platelet activation without unduly affecting hemostasis. The thrombin receptor, PAR1, has recently emerged as a promising new target for therapeutic intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

Methods and Results—
We report the development of a first-in-class intracellular PAR1 inhibitor with optimized pharmacokinetic properties for use during percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes. PZ-128 is a cell-penetrating pepducin inhibitor of PAR1 that targets the receptor–G-protein interface on the inside surface of platelets. The structure of PZ-128 closely resembles the predicted off-state of the corresponding juxtamembrane region of the third intracellular loop of PAR1. The onset of action of PZ-128 was rapid and suppressed PAR1 aggregation and arterial thrombosis in guinea pigs and baboons and strongly synergized with oral clopidogrel. There was full recovery of platelet function by 24 hours. Importantly, PZ-128 had no effect on bleeding or coagulation parameters in primates or in blood from patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Conclusions—
Based on the efficacy data in nonhuman primates with no noted adverse effects on hemostasis, we anticipate that the rapid onset of platelet inhibition and reversible properties of PZ-128 are well suited to the acute interventional setting of percutaneous coronary intervention and may provide an alternative to long-acting small-molecule inhibitors of PAR1.
Nucleotide Excision DNA Repair Is Associated With Age-Related Vascular Dysfunction
Authors: Durik Matej , Kavousi Maryam , van der Pluijm Ingrid , Isaacs Aaron , Cheng Caroline , Verdonk Koen , Loot Annemarieke E. , Oeseburg Hisko , Bhaggoe Usha Musterd , Leijten Frank , van Veghel Richard , de Vries René , Rudez Goran , Brandt Renata , Ridwan Yanto R. , van Deel Elza D. , de Boer Martine , Tempel Dennie , Fleming Ingrid , Mitchell Gary F. , Verwoert Germaine C. , Tarasov Kirill V. , Uitterlinden Andre G. , Hofman Albert , Duckers Henricus J. , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Oostra Ben A. , Witteman Jacqueline C.M. , Duncker Dirk J. , Danser A.H. Jan , Hoeijmakers Jan H. , Roks Anton J.M. 
Published: June 2012

Background
Vascular dysfunction in atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus, as observed in the aging population of developed societies, is associated with vascular DNA damage and cell senescence. We hypothesized that cumulative DNA damage during aging contributes to vascular dysfunction.

Methods and Results

In mice with genomic instability resulting from the defective nucleotide excision repair genes
ERCC1
and
XPD
(

Ercc1
d/−
and Xpd
TTD

mice), we explored age-dependent vascular function compared with that in wild-type mice.

Ercc1
d/−

mice showed increased vascular cell senescence, accelerated development of vasodilator dysfunction, increased vascular stiffness, and elevated blood pressure at a very young age. The vasodilator dysfunction was due to decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels and impaired smooth muscle cell function, which involved phosphodiesterase activity. Similar to

Ercc1
d/−

mice, age-related endothelium-dependent vasodilator dysfunction in

Xpd
TTD

animals was increased. To investigate the implications for human vascular disease, we explored associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms of selected nucleotide excision repair genes and arterial stiffness within the AortaGen Consortium and found a significant association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs2029298) in the putative promoter region of DDB2 gene with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity.

Conclusions
Mice with genomic instability recapitulate age-dependent vascular dysfunction as observed in animal models and in humans but with an accelerated progression compared with wild-type mice. In addition, we found associations between variations in human DNA repair genes and markers for vascular stiffness, which is associated with aging. Our study supports the concept that genomic instability contributes importantly to the development of cardiovascular disease.
Tree-Ring-Reconstructed Summer Temperatures from Northwestern North America during the Last Nine Centuries*
Authors: Anchukaitis Kevin J. , D’Arrigo Rosanne D. , Andreu-Hayles Laia , Frank David , Verstege Anne , Curtis Ashley , Buckley Brendan M. , Jacoby Gordon C. , Cook Edward R. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Northwestern North America has one of the highest rates of recent temperature increase in the world, but the putative “divergence problem” in dendroclimatology potentially limits the ability of tree-ring proxy data at high latitudes to provide long-term context for current anthropogenic change. Here, summer temperatures are reconstructed from a Picea glauca maximum latewood density (MXD) chronology that shows a stable relationship to regional temperatures and spans most of the last millennium at the Firth River in northeastern Alaska. The warmest epoch in the last nine centuries is estimated to have occurred during the late twentieth century, with average temperatures over the last 30 yr of the reconstruction developed for this study [1973–2002 in the Common Era (CE)] approximately 1.3° ± 0.4°C warmer than the long-term preindustrial mean (1100–1850 CE), a change associated with rapid increases in greenhouse gases. Prior to the late twentieth century, multidecadal temperature fluctuations covary broadly with changes in natural radiative forcing. The findings presented here emphasize that tree-ring proxies can provide reliable indicators of temperature variability even in a rapidly warming climate.