bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mainstream primary classroom as a language‐learning environment for children with severe and persistent language impairment – implications of recent language intervention research
Authors: McCartney Elspeth , Ellis Sue , Boyle James 
Published: July 2009

Many UK children with severe and persistent language impairment (SLI) attend local mainstream schools. Although this should provide an excellent language‐learning environment, opportunities may be limited by difficulties in sustaining time‐consuming, child‐specific learning activities; restricted co‐professional working, and the complex classroom environment.Two language intervention studies in mainstream Scottish primary schools showed children with SLI receiving intervention from speech and language therapists (SLTs) or their assistants made more progress in expressive language than similar children receiving intervention from education staff. Potential reasons for this difference are sought in the amount of tailored language‐learning activity undertaken; how actively school staff initiated contact with SLTs; and the language demands of the classroom. Tailored language learning appears to be a differentiating factor.A language support model, reflecting views of teachers and SLTs about encouraging language development for children with SLI within the ecology of the mainstream primary classroom, is also outlined.
Conversion of sagebrush shrublands to exotic annual grasslands negatively impacts small mammal communities
Authors: Ostoja Steven M. , Schupp Eugene W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim  The exotic annual cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is fast replacing sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) communities throughout the Great Basin Desert and nearby regions in the Western United States, impacting native plant communities and altering fire regimes, which contributes to the long‐term persistence of this weedy species. The effect of this conversion on native faunal communities remains largely unexamined. We assess the impact of conversion from native perennial to exotic annual plant communities on desert rodent communities.Location  Wyoming big sagebrush shrublands and nearby sites previously converted to cheatgrass‐dominated annual grasslands in the Great Basin Desert, Utah, USA.Methods  At two sites in Tooele County, Utah, USA, we investigated with Sherman live trapping whether intact sagebrush vegetation and nearby converted Bromus tectorum‐dominated vegetation differed in rodent abundance, diversity and community composition.Results  Rodent abundance and species richness were considerably greater in sagebrush plots than in cheatgrass‐dominated plots. Nine species were captured in sagebrush plots; five of these were also trapped in cheatgrass plots, all at lower abundances than in the sagebrush. In contrast, cheatgrass‐dominated plots had no species that were not found in sagebrush. In addition, the site that had been converted to cheatgrass longer had lower abundances of rodents than the site more recently converted to cheatgrass‐dominated plots. Despite large differences in abundances and species richness, Simpson’s D diversity and Shannon‐Wiener diversity and Brillouin evenness indices did not differ between sagebrush and cheatgrass‐dominated plots.Main conclusions  This survey of rodent communities in native sagebrush and in converted cheatgrass‐dominated vegetation suggests that the abundances and community composition of rodents may be shifting, potentially at the larger spatial scale of the entire Great Basin, where cheatgrass continues to invade and dominate more landscape at a rapid rate.
Biotic and abiotic controls on iron oxyhydroxide formation in the gill chamber of the hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata
Authors: SCHMIDT C. , CORBARI L. , GAILL F. , LE BRIS N. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA unique feature of the shrimp, Rimicaris exoculata, from the Rainbow hydrothermal vent field is the abundance of iron oxyhydroxides in its branchial chamber. These minerals accumulate throughout the molting cycle and are intimately associated with the shrimps’ epibiotic microflora. In this study, an enhancement of the iron oxidation rate through shrimp swarms in the vicinity of vents is highlighted. This process is sustained by the high molting frequency of the shrimp, and potentially has large biogeochemical and ecological consequences for the associated hydrothermal ecosystem. The calculated rate for abiotic (homogeneous and heterogeneous) iron oxidation suggests that autocatalytic oxidation is the predominant reaction pathway leading to the accumulation of iron oxyhydroxides throughout the molting cycle. The occurrence of iron‐oxidizing bacteria is not excluded, but their growth is most probably restricted to the first molting stage when competition with the abiotic iron oxidation is low. The influence of epibiont activity on local oxygen conditions and on the surface properties of the formed mineral, combined with the position of the shrimp in the hydrothermal mixing gradient, is expected to drive the relative contribution of abiogenic and biogenic iron oxidation.
Serum cholesterol levels on admission and survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with zofenopril: a post hoc analysis of the Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long‐term Evaluation trial
Authors: Borghi Claudio , Cicero Arrigo F.G. , Bacchelli Stefano , Esposti Daniela Degli , Ambrosioni Ettore ,   on behalf of the Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long‐term Evaluation (SMILE) Study
Published: July 2009

AbstractTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of early angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition by zofenopril in patients with anterior myocardial infarction and normal or high plasma low density lipoprotein‐cholesterolaemia. Post hoc analysis of the Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long‐Term Evaluation study, a double‐blind, clinical trial including 1400 patients with anterior myocardial infarction, randomized to zofenopril (n = 699, 66% hypercholesterolemics) or placebo (n = 701, 64% hypercholesterolemics) for 6 weeks. The rate of the primary end‐point (6‐week combined occurrence of death and severe congestive heart failure) was 8.1% in hypercholesterolemic and 6.4% in normocholesterolemic patients (P < 0.03). The favourable effect of treatment with zofenopril was enhanced in hypercholesterolemics patients when compared with normocholesterolemics (RRR = 43%,P = 0.034 vs. 25%,P = 0.19). One‐year mortality was 10% in hypercholesterolemic patients vs. 7.5% in normocholesterolemic patients (P = 0.037), equally reduced in both hypercholesterolemic and normocholesterolemics patients by zofenopril. The presence of hypercholesterolaemia in patients with anterior myocardial infarction could be associated with more favourable effects of early ACE‐inhibition.
EC‐MPS permits lower gastrointestinal symptom burden despite higher MPA exposure in patients with severe MMF‐related gastrointestinal side‐effects
Authors: Sabbatini Massimo , Capone Domenico , Gallo Riccardo , Pisani Antonio , Polichetti Giuliano , Tarantino Giovanni , Gentile Antonio , Rotaia Eliana , Federico Stefano 
Published: July 2009

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) adverse events in renal transplant patients are a common cause of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) dose reductions, which result in an increased risk of graft rejection because of a low immunosuppression. This study investigated whether conversion from MMF to enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium (EC‐MPS) in renal transplant patients with serious GI side‐effects, alleviated these symptoms and allowed administration of higher doses of EC‐MPS. Nineteen renal transplant patients with severe MMF‐related GI side‐effects underwent a progressive reduction in MMF dose until symptoms disappeared. At this point, 12‐h AUCMMF was evaluated and patients were shifted to an equimolar dose of EC‐MPS. The EC‐MPS dose was then progressively increased until the highest recommended dose was reached or GI symptoms re‐appeared. Four weeks post‐conversion, AUCEC‐MPS was determined. Conversion led to a mean increase in EC‐MPS dose of 68% (P < 0.0001), with a corresponding rise in AUC0‐12 (60.5%, P < 0.0006) associated with significant benefits in terms of both quality of life (Kidney Transplant Questionnaire, P < 0.01) and GI symptoms (Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, P < 0.0001), using validated questionnaires. In five of 19 patients, the EC‐MPS dose could not be increased because of the prompt insurgence of GI symptoms. Renal function and biochemical parameters remained stable post‐conversion and no rejection episodes occurred. These findings suggest that, in selected patients, EC‐MPS may be better tolerated than MMF when GI symptoms are particularly important and permits higher mycophenolic acid exposure, when required.
Evaluation of gastric toxicity of indomethacin acid, salt form and complexed forms with hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin on Wistar rats: histopathologic analysis
Authors: Ribeiro‐Rama A.C. , Figueiredo Isabel Vitoria , Veiga F. , Castel‐Branco M.M. , Cabrita A.M.S. , Caramona M.M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIndomethacin (IM) is a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug which inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis. It is practically insoluble in water and has the capacity to induce gastric injury. Hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) is an alkylated derivative of β‐CD with the capacity to form inclusion complexes with suitable molecules. IM is considered to form partial inclusion complexes with HP‐β‐CD by enclosure of thep‐chlorobenzoic part of the molecule in the cyclodextrin channel, reducing the adverse effects. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the gastric damage induced by the IM inclusion complex prepared by freeze‐drying and spray‐drying. A total of 135 Wistar rats weighing 224.4 ± 62.5 g were put into 10 groups. They were allowed free access to water but were maintained fasted for 18 h before the first administration until the end of the experiment. IM acid‐form, IM trihydrated‐sodium‐salt and IM‐HP‐β‐CD spray and freeze‐dried, at normal and toxic doses, were administered through gastric cannula once/day for 3 days. Seventy‐two hours after the first administration, the animals were sacrificed and the stomachs collected and prepared for morphological study by using the haematoxylin‐eosin technique. Lesion indexes (rated 0/4) were developed and the type of injury was scored according to the severity of damage and the incidence of microscopic evidence of harm. Microscopic assessment demonstrated levels of injury with index one on 10–25%. The type of complexation method had different incidence but the same degree. The results show that IM inclusion complexation protects against gastric injury, reducing the incidence and the maximum degree of severity from 4 to 1, with a better performance of the spray‐dried complex.
Characterisation of organic phosphorus in overland flow from grassland plots using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Bourke D. , Kurz I. , Dowding P. , O’Reilly C. , Tunney H. , Doody D. G. , O’Brien J. E. , Jeffrey D. W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractGrazing animals are known to change the characteristics of agricultural grasslands as a source of and pathway for phosphorus (P) loss to water. Previous work, using physico‐chemical analysis of the overland flow revealed that the presence of grazing animals increased the overall quantity of P being lost, in particular the unreactive and particulate P fractions. The aim of this study was to characterise the organic P (Po) fraction in overland flow from grazed and non‐grazed grassland small plots using phosphorus‐31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectroscopy to give greater insight into P loss to water under simulated rainfall. The effect of the grazing animal was most pronounced in the dissolved unreactive P (DUP) and particulate unreactive P (PUP) fractions measured in overland flow from the grazed plots, over four times higher than from the non‐grazed plots. Five distinct classes of P compounds were detected in the 31P NMR spectra, inorganic orthophosphate (δ = 6.83 ppm), orthophosphate monoesters (δ = 4.95–5.69 ppm), orthophosphate diesters (δ = 1.89 ppm), phosphonates (δ = 19.38 ppm), and pyrophosphates (δ = −3.26 ppm). Distinct signals at 5.69, 5.37, 5.10, and 4.95 ppm in the overland flow extracts from the plots indicated significant concentrations of myo‐inositol hexakisphosphate in the orthophosphate monoester region. Orthophosphate diesters (assigned to phospholipids) and phosphonates were also only detected in overland flow collected from the grazed plot. These results indicate that normal grazing management practices may not only affect the concentrations of Po but also the forms of Po being transferred from grassland systems to water.
Use of mycophenolate mofetil as a rescue agent in the treatment of severe generalized myasthenia gravis in three dogs
Authors: Abelson Amanda L. , Shelton G. Diane , Whelan Megan F. , Cornejo Lilian , Shaw Scott , O'Toole Therese E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective –To describe the use of IV and oral mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as adjunctive therapy in 3 dogs with severe generalized myasthenia gravis.Case Series Summary –Three dogs suffering from severe generalized myasthenia gravis as confirmed by acetylcholine antibody titers were treated with MMF as part of their treatment regimens. All 3 dogs had radiographic evidence of megaesophagus and suffered from severe regurgitation. Each dog was initially treated with pyridostigmine and supportive agents. When clinical remission was not achieved, IV MMF was administered to all dogs. Signs of clinical remission were apparent within 48 hours and all dogs were later maintained on oral MMF following resolution of regurgitation.New or Unique Information Provided –This is the first report of the use of IV MMF as adjunctive treatment in dogs with severe generalized myasthenia gravis. Outcome was favorable in all 3 dogs and no adverse effects were noted from the MMF.
Brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) envenomation in small animals
Authors: Pace Lonny B. , Vetter Richard S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective
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To provide a comprehensive review of relevant literature regarding the brown recluse spider (BRS) and to define those criteria that must be satisfied before making a diagnosis of brown recluse envenomation.Etiology
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The complex venom of the BRS contains sphingomyelinase D, which is capable of producing all the clinical signs in the human and some animal models.Diagnosis
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There is no current commercially available test. In humans there are many proposed guidelines to achieve a definitive diagnosis; however, there are no established guidelines for veterinary patients.Therapy
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Currently, no consensus exists for treatment of BRS envenomation other than supportive care, which includes rest, thorough cleaning of the site, ice, compression, and elevation.Prognosis
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Prognosis varies based on severity of clinical signs and response to supportive care.
Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Utilizing Robotic Catheter Navigation in Comparison to Manual Navigation and Ablation: Single‐Center Experience
Authors: DI BIASE LUIGI , WANG YAN , HORTON RODNEY , GALLINGHOUSE G. JOSEPH , MOHANTY PRASANT , SANCHEZ JAVIER , PATEL DIMPI , DARE MATTHEW , CANBY ROBERT , PRICE LARRY D. , ZAGRODZKY JASON D. , BAILEY SHANE , BURKHARDT J. DAVID , NATALE ANDREA 
Published: July 2009

Background: Robotic catheter navigation and ablation either with magnetic catheter driving or with electromechanical guidance have emerged in the recent years for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare our center's experience of atrial fibrillation ablation using the Hansen Robotic Medical System with our current manual ablation technique in terms of acute and chronic success, as well as procedure time and radiation exposure to both the patient and the operator. Methods: A total of 390 consecutive patients with symptomatic and drug‐resistant atrial fibrillation (289 males, 62 ± 11 years) were prospectively enrolled in the study. All patients underwent the procedure either with conventional manual ablation (group 1, n = 197) or with the robotic navigation system (RNS) (group 2, n = 193). Results: The success rate for RNS was 85% (164 patients), while for manual ablation it was 81% (159 patients) (p = 0.264) at 14.1 ± 1.3 months with AADs previously ineffective. Fluoroscopy time was significantly lower for RNS (48.9 ± 24.6 minutes for RNS vs. 58.4 ± 20.1 minutes for manual ablation, P < 0.001). Mean fluoroscopy time was statistically reduced after 50 procedures (61.8 ± 23.2 minutes for first 50 cases vs. 44.5 ± 23.6 minutes for subsequent procedures, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Robotic navigation and ablation of atrial fibrillation is safe and effective. Fluoroscopy time decreases with experience.
Influence of gender and social factors on oral health, treatment degree and choice of dental restorative materials in patients from a dental school
Authors: Willershausen B , Witzel S , Schuster S , Kasaj A 
Published: July 2009

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene  DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2009.00401.x Willershausen B, Witzel S, Schuster S, Kasaj A. Influence of gender and social factors on oral health, treatment degree and choice of dental restorative materials in patients from a dental school.Abstract:  Objective:  The attitude towards oral health is influenced by gender, the level of education and the social background of the patients The aim of the present study was to determine a possible relationship of gender, the educational level and the oral health as well as the choice of dental restorations.Methodology:  A total of 2374 outpatients (age: 18–80 years) from a University dental school were assessed. Inclusion criteria were 15 remaining teeth and good general health. In addition to anamnesis data, information concerning educational level and present occupation was collected. The dental assessment included number of teeth, endodontic treatment, type of restorations (root canal fillings, restoration materials) as well as dental panoramic radiographs (OPG).Results:  The female patients demonstrated a statistically significant higher percentage of restoration, more teeth with crowns and more tooth coloured fillings compared to men (P < 0.01). Patients with a higher level of education preferred more expensive restorations, whereas patients with a low level of education exhibited more inexpensive restorations. However, patients with private health insurance showed lower levels of carious lesions.Conclusion:  The examined patients showed no significant correlation between educational level and type of dental restorations but female patients had a lower number of teeth and more restoration.
Sexual and Relationship Satisfaction among Persons with Young-Onset Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Wielinski Catherine L. , Varpness Sandra C. , Erickson-Davis Cordelia , Paraschos Andreas J. , Parashos Sotirios A. 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTIntroductionParkinson’s disease (PD) presents unique personal and social challenges, particularly for those with onset before the age of 50 years.AimThe aim of this article is to evaluate sexual and non-sexual aspects of relationship satisfaction among persons with young-onset PD and their partners.Main Outcome MeasuresThe main outcome measures were Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS) and Golombok–Rust Inventory of Marital State (GRIMS).MethodsPersons with PD (PWP) and partners who attended the 2005 National Parkinson Foundation Young Onset Network Conference were asked to complete a survey. Each survey included demographics, a clinical history questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), ISS, and GRIMS.ResultsSixty PWP (63% men, 85% in a relationship) responded to the survey. Median age was 50 years (range 29–62), with a median age at symptom onset of 43 years (range 17–55). ISS scores indicated clinically significant sexual dissatisfaction in 37%. Relationship dissatisfaction measured by the GRIMS was scored as “poor” or worse in 57%. Depressive symptomatology was severe in 19% and mild in 33%. Sexual dissatisfaction (ISS) correlated with relationship dissatisfaction (GRIMS) (correlation coefficient [CC]=0.58, P &lt;0.001). Relationship dissatisfaction (GRIMS) correlated with depressive symptomatology (BDI) (CC=0.38, P = 0.007). No correlations were found with any demographic or disease characteristics. Thirty-two couples (both the PWP and their partner) completed the surveys. Sexual and relationship dissatisfaction among PWP paralleled that of their partner (ISS: CC=0.48, P = 0.005; GRIMS: CC=0.61, P &lt;0.001). Depressive symptomatology of the PWP correlated with their partners’ relationship dissatisfaction (CC=0.46, P = 0.010).ConclusionsIn this study, sexual and relationship dissatisfaction were prevalent among young-onset PD patients. PD patients were similar to their partners in their level of sexual and relationship dissatisfaction. The degree of dissatisfaction did not correlate with demographics or self-reported disease characteristics. Self-reported depressive symptomatology among PD patients was adversely associated with both their and their partner’s relationship satisfaction.
SOLID‐LIQUID EXTRACTION OF BETEL LEAVES (PIPER BETLE L.)
Authors: PIN K.Y. , LUQMAN CHUAH A. , ABDULL RASHIH A. , RASADAH M.A. , LAW C.L. , CHOONG T.S.Y. 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT This work investigated the effects of extraction temperature on the quality of extract and the kinetics of solid‐liquid extraction of betel leaves. In this study, the effects of extraction temperature on the quality of extract were evaluated by comparing the concentration of its active compounds, including hydroxychavicol (HC) and eugenol (EU). The results indicate that the increase of extraction temperature led to the increase of the concentration of HC. EU concentration was decreased when temperatures higher than 60C were used. The kinetics data show that the extraction process reached equilibrium in a short time – about 40 min. Two models, namely equilibrium‐dependent solid‐liquid extraction (EDSLE) model and diffusion‐dependent solid‐liquid extraction model were applied to describe the extraction process. By comparing the values of correlation coefficients, the EDSLE model was found to be more suitable in describing the extraction process as it provided a better fit to the experimental data. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSBetel leaves is one of the invaluable medicinal plants that has multiple useful bioactivities found in Malaysia. In this work, the effect of extraction temperature on the quality of the extract of betel leaves was investigated by quantifying the change of two active compounds, namely hydroxychavicol and eugenol. This is because the bioactivities depend on the content of the phytochemicals within the plant. The critical extraction temperature was determined based on the findings. Aside from this, the kinetics of the extraction process was also studied. Two mathematical models including equilibrium‐dependent solid‐liquid extraction (EDSLE) model and diffusion‐dependent solid‐liquid extraction model were used to predict the extraction process. EDSLE, which is simple and easy to be solved, was applicable in simulating the extraction process. The findings from this study are useful in understanding and optimizing the solid‐liquid extraction process of betel leaves.