bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Runde Tische“ im Projekt „Schulreifes Kind“
Authors: Krebs Katja , Ehm Jan-Henning , Hasselhorn Marcus 
Published: February 2012

Als eine Form der Zusammenarbeit zwischen pädagogischen Fachkräften und Eltern wurden im Rahmen des Projekts „Schulreifes Kind“ sogenannte „Runde Tische“ eingeführt. Hierbei handelt es sich um Treffen, bei denen gemeinsam die Entwicklung einzelner Kinder betrachtet und mögliche Förderinhalte besprochen werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird anhand einer Fragebogenuntersuchung von N = 516 beteiligten Personen eine Evaluation der „Runden Tische“ vorgenommen. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf eine gute Zusammenarbeit zwischen pädagogischen Fachkräften und Eltern hin, wobei vor allem seitens der pädagogischen Fachkräfte der Wunsch eines noch intensiveren Austauschs deutlich wird. Weiterhin besteht Einigkeit darüber, dass die „Runden Tische“ eine gute Möglichkeit darstellen die Eltern enger in vorschulische Förderentscheidungen einzubinden. Als besonders positiv wird herausgestellt, dass es bei den Treffen zu einem gezielten Austausch über die Kinder aus den unterschiedlichsten Blickwinkeln kommt.
Relationships between lightning flash rates and radar reflectivity vertical structures in thunderstorms over the tropics and subtropics
Authors: Liu Chuntao , Cecil Daniel J. , Zipser Edward J. , Kronfeld Kevin , Robertson Roy 
Published: February 2012

Relationships between the vertical profile of radar reflectivity and lightning flash rates are investigated using 13 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations during 1998–2010. First the Radar Precipitation Features (RPFs) are defined by grouping raining areas detected by the TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR). Then the characteristics of radar reflectivity and lightning flash rate are calculated in each RPF using PR and Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) observations. Using these RPFs, temperatures at 20, 30, and 40 dBZ radar echo tops, used as proxies of the maximum convective intensity of precipitation systems, are examined as indicators of the probability of lightning. Although 30 and 40 dBZ echo top temperatures are better indicators of the probability of lightning than the 20 dBZ echo top temperature, there is a large regional variation in the temperature thresholds, especially between land and ocean. In general, oceanic thunderstorms have higher 20 dBZ echo top and larger horizontal extent than those over land. However, radar reflectivity is more likely to exceed 30 and 40 dBZ at cold temperatures over land than over ocean. The correlations between flash rates and radar echo top temperatures, areas and volumes of radar reflectivity, and ice water contents in the mixed phase region are analyzed using RPFs with at least one flash. In agreement with previous studies, the correlations with the echo top temperatures are low, but the correlations between flash rates and areas and volumes of high radar reflectivity in the mixed phase region are much higher. There is a high correlation between the flash rates and the volumes with radar reflectivity greater than 30, 35, or 40 dBZ in the mixed phase region, but the correlation coefficient varies significantly between thunderstorms over different regions, especially between land and ocean. These results are confirmed by repeating the analysis for regions of the storms defined as convective, thus eliminating the contribution from large areas of stratiform radar echo that have much less lightning.
Synthesis and optical properties of polyurethane foam modified with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Apyari V V , Volkov P A , Dmitrienko S G 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
This paper for the first time describes peculiarities of synthesis of polyurethane foam modified with silver nanoparticles as a potential material for optical sensors in analytical chemistry. We found that the unique sorptional properties of polyurethane foam gave an opportunity to perform such a synthesis by two different approaches. The first one was based on sorption of previously synthesized in-solution nanoparticles by polyurethane foam, the second one consisted in preparation of nanoparticles directly in polyurethane foam matrix. This possibility is novel and interesting for practical use because the nanoparticles in polyurethane foam are capable of surface plasmon resonance. The influence of different factors during the synthesis was investigated and the optimal conditions were found. The samples prepared were characterized by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. On the basis of the results obtained we first suggested that this material is attractive from the viewpoint of analytical chemistry as a convenient analytical form for determination of oxidants and reductants.
Reference points based on dynamic optimization: a versatile algorithm for mixed-fishery management with bioeconomic age-structured models
Authors: Da Rocha José-María , Gutiérrez María-José , Cerviño Santiago 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Da Rocha, J-M., Gutiérrez, M-J., and Cerviño, S. 2012. Reference points based on dynamic optimization: a versatile algorithm for mixed-fishery management with bioeconomic age-structured models. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 660–669. Single-species management objectives may not be consistent within mixed fisheries. They may lead species to unsafe situations, promote discarding of over-quota, and/or misreporting of catches. We provide an algorithm for characterizing bioeconomic reference points for a mixed fishery as the steady-state solution of a dynamic optimal management problem. The optimization problem takes into account that: (i) species are caught simultaneously in unselective fishing operations, and (ii) intertemporal discounting and fleet costs relate to reference points to discounted economic profits along optimal trajectories. We illustrate how the algorithm can be implemented by applying it to the European northern hake stock (Merluccius merluccius), where fleets also capture northern megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) and northern anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius and Lophius budegassa). We find that optimal mixed management leads to a target reference point that is quite similar to two-thirds of the Fmsy single-species (hake) target. Mixed management is superior to single-species management because it leads the fishery to higher discounted profits, with higher long-term spawning-stock biomass for all species. We calculate that the losses due to the use of the Fmsy single-species (hake) target in this mixed fishery account for 11.4% of total discounted profits.
Replication and infectivity of a novel genotype 1b hepatitis C virus clone
Authors: Date Tomoko , Morikawa Kenichi , Tanaka Yasuhito , Tanaka‐Kaneko Keiko , Sata Tetsutaro , Mizokami Masashi , Wakita Takaji 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus infection is a major public health problem because of an estimated 170 million carriers worldwide. Genotype 1b is the major subtype of HCV in many countries and is resistant to interferon therapy. Study of the viral life cycle is important for understanding the mechanisms of interferon resistance of genotype 1b HCV strains. For such studies, genotype 1b HCV strains that can replicate and produce infectious virus particles in cultured cells are required. In the present study, we isolated HCV cDNA, which we named the NC1 strain, from a patient with acute severe hepatitis. Subgenomic replicon experiments revealed that several mutations enhanced the colony‐formation efficiency of the NC1 replicon. The full‐length NC1 genome with these adaptive mutations could replicate in cultured cells and produce infectious virus particles. The density gradient profile and morphology of the secreted virus particles were similar to those reported for the JFH‐1 virus. Further introduction of a combination of mutations of the NS3 and NS5a regions into the NC1 mutants further enhanced secreted core protein levels and infectious virus titers in the culture medium of HCV‐RNA‐transfected cells. However, the virus infection efficiency was not sufficient for autonomous virus propagation in cultured cells. In conclusion, we established a novel cell culture‐adapted genotype 1b HCV strain, termed NC1, which can produce infectious virus when the viral RNA is transfected into cells. This system provides an important opportunity for studying the life cycle of the genotype 1b HCV.
Loss of 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine is accompanied with malignant cellular transformation
Authors: Kudo Yotaro , Tateishi Keisuke , Yamamoto Keisuke , Yamamoto Shinzo , Asaoka Yoshinari , Ijichi Hideaki , Nagae Genta , Yoshida Haruhiko , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2012

Dysregulated DNA methylation followed by abnormal gene expression is an epigenetic hallmark in cancer. DNA methylation is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases, and the aberrant expression or mutations of DNA methyltransferase genes are found in human neoplasm. The enzymes for demethylating 5‐methylcytosine were recently identified, and the biological significance of DNA demethylation is a current focus of scientific attention in various research fields. Ten–eleven translocation (TET) proteins have an enzymatic activity for the conversion from 5‐methylcytosine to 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5‐hmC), which is an intermediate of DNA demethylation. The loss‐of‐function mutations of TET2 gene were reported in myeloid malignancies, suggesting that impaired TET‐mediated DNA demethylation could play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. It is still unknown, however, whether DNA demethylation is involved in biological properties in solid cancers. Here, we show the loss of 5‐hmC in a broad spectrum of solid tumors: for example, a significant reduction of 5‐hmC was found in 72.7% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) and 75% of gastric cancers compared to background tissues. TET1 expression was decreased in half of CRCs, and a large part of them was followed by the loss of 5‐hmC. These findings suggest that the amount of 5‐hmC in tumors is often reduced via various mechanisms, including the downregulation of TET1. Consistently, in the in vitro experiments, the downregulation of TET1 was clearly induced by oncogene‐dependent cellular transformation, and loss of 5‐hmC was seen in the transformed cells. These results suggest the critical roles of aberrant DNA demethylation for oncogenic processes in solid tissues. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 670–676)
Polymorphisms of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene and severe radiation pneumonitis in non‐small cell lung cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy
Authors: Yin Ming , Liao Zhongxing , Yuan Xianglin , Guan Xiaoxiang , O'Reilly Michael S. , Welsh James , Wang Li‐E , Wei Qingyi 
Published: February 2012

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major mediator of angiogenesis and lung cancer progression. We hypothesized that VEGF polymorphisms may modulate the risk of radiation pneumonitis (RP) in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with definitive radiotherapy. We genotyped three potentially functional VEGF single nucleotide polymorphisms (&460 T > C [rs833061], &634 G > C [rs2010963] and +936 C > T [rs3025039]) and estimated the associations of their genotypes and haplotypes with severe radiation pneumonitis (RP ≥grade 3) in 195 NSCLC patients. We found that the VEGF genotypes of rs2010963 and rs3025039 single nucleotide polymorphisms as well as the &460C/&634G/+936C haplotype were predictors of RP development (adjusted hazard ratio [adjHR] = 2.33, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–5.37, P = 0.047 for CC vs GG genotypes; adjHR = 28.13, 95% CI, 5.24–151.02, P < 0.001 for TT vs CC genotypes; and adjHR = 2.51, 95% CI, 1.27–4.98, P = 0.008 for T‐C‐T vs C‐G‐C haplotypes). In addition, there was a trend towards reduced RP risk in patients carrying an increased number of protective VEGF genotypes. Our data suggest that VEGF polymorphisms can modulate the risk of radiation pneumonitis in NSCLC patients treated with definitive radiotherapy. Large and independent studies are needed to confirm our findings. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 945–950)
Interferon‐alpha modulates the chemosensitivity of CD133‐expressing pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine
Authors: Hayashi Tomomi , Ding Qiang , Kuwahata Taisaku , Maeda Koki , Miyazaki Yumi , Matsubara Shuichiro , Obara Toru , Natsugoe Shoji , Takao Sonshin 
Published: February 2012

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease as current chemotherapies with gemcitabine (GEM) are still insufficient. Accumulating evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSC) are responsible for chemoresistance and that CD133 is one of the CSC markers in pancreatic cancer. Interferon‐alpha (IFN‐α), a cytokine with pleiotropic effects, has direct cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on tumor cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether IFN‐α can modulate the chemosensitivity of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Capan‐1, to GEM. Cell cycles were evaluated for response to GEM with and without IFN‐α by BrdU assay. GEM inhibited Capan‐1 cell growth in a dose‐dependent manner. GEM (IC50; 100 ng/mL) treatment reduced the number of both CD133+ and CD133− cells in the S phase, induced apoptosis of CD133− cells more than that of CD133+ cells and increased accumulation of CD133+ cells into the G0/G1 phase. These results infer that CD133+ cells take shelter into the G0/G1 phase from GEM treatment. IFN‐α modulated CD133+ cells from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase. Consequently, apoptosis was accelerated in both CD133+ and CD133− cells after IFN‐α combined with GEM treatment. Furthermore, GEM combined with IFN‐α treatment showed a significant tumor suppressive effect in the in vivo study. Importantly, CD133+ cells showed CSC‐like properties, such as generation of spheres, highly invasive ability and high tumorigenesis. These results suggest that IFN‐α, as a modulator, could contribute to the treatment of CD133+ cancer cells and be effective in combined chemotherapies with GEM for pancreatic cancer stem‐like cells. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 889–896)
A novel pyrrolo[3, 2‐d]pyrimidine derivative, as a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, shows potent antitumor activity by suppression of tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Awazu Yoshiko , Mizutani Akio , Nagase Yoshinori , Iwata Hidehisa , Oguro Yuya , Miki Hiroshi , Imamura Shinichi , Hori Akira 
Published: February 2012

We recently reported that compound 20d (comp.20d), a novel pyrrolo[3, 2‐d]pyrimidine derivative, is a potent and selective inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis‐related kinases, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). In this study, we show that comp.20d potently blocks the VEGF‐ and PDGF‐stimulated cellular phosphorylation (IC50 = 2.5 and 3.6 nM, respectively) and proliferation of HUVECs and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells with IC50 values of 2.8 and 9.6 nM, respectively, and potently inhibits the VEGF‐induced tube formation of endothelial cells cocultured with fibroblasts (IC50 = 3.3 nM). Given orally twice daily, comp.20d at the doses of 1.5–6 mg/kg showed antitumor effects in mice bearing various human cancer xenografts. Consistent with the anti‐angiogenic mechanism of action, histological examination of tumors from comp. 20d‐treated mice indicated a decrease in microvessel density and inhibition of pericyte recruitment to microvessels, and these were concomitant with decreased interstitial fluid pressure that allowed for therapeutic intratumoral uptake of CPT‐11 (irinotecan hydrochloride). In conclusion, comp.20d is an extremely potent inhibitor of VEGFR/PDGFR kinases whose activities suggest therapeutic potential for the treatment of solid tumors that rely on angiogenesis for their survival. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 939–944)
Comparative dynamics of four smoking withdrawal symptom scales
Authors: Javitz Harold S. , Lerman Caryn , Swan Gary E. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAims  To examine the association of person‐specific trajectories of withdrawal symptoms of urge‐to‐smoke, negative affect, physical symptoms and hunger during the first 7 days after smoking cessation with abstinence at end of treatment (EOT) and at 6 months.Design  Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to model person‐specific trajectory parameters (level, slope, curvature and volatility) for withdrawal symptoms.Setting  University‐based smoking cessation trials.Participants  Treatment‐seeking smokers in clinical trials of transdermal nicotine versus nicotine spray (n = 514) and bupropion versus placebo (n = 421).Measurements  Self‐reported withdrawal symptoms for 7 days after the planned quit date, and 7‐day point prevalence and continuous abstinence at EOT and 6 months.Findings  In regressions that included trajectory parameters for one group of withdrawal symptoms, both urge‐to‐smoke and negative affect were predictive of abstinence while physical symptoms and hunger were generally not predictive. In stepwise regressions that included the complete set of trajectory parameters across withdrawal symptoms (for urge‐to‐smoke, negative affect, physical symptoms and hunger), with a single exception only the trajectory parameters for urge‐to‐smoke were predictive. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.594 for covariates alone, and 0.670 for covariates plus urge‐to‐smoke trajectory parameters.Conclusions  Among a number of different withdrawal symptoms (urge‐to‐smoke, negative affect, physical symptoms and hunger) urge‐to‐smoke trajectory parameters (level, slope and volatility) over the first 7 days of smoking cessation show the strongest prediction of both short‐ and long‐term relapse. Other withdrawal symptoms increase the predictive ability by negligible amounts.
Awake videolaryngoscopy‐assisted tracheal intubation of the morbidly obese
Authors: Moore A. R. , Schricker T. , Court O. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryAwake videolaryngoscopy may be useful for the tracheal intubation of the morbidly obese. This prospective, observational study enrolled 50 patients undergoing bariatric surgery. After sedation and topical anaesthesia of the airway, awake tracheal intubation was attempted, assisted by videolaryngoscopy, and terminated if there was severe gagging, coughing, or inadequate laryngeal view. After three attempts the procedure was considered a failure. Twenty‐seven intubations were successful on the first attempt, fifteen on the second, six on the third and two were not successful, giving a success rate of 96% (95% CI 86–100%). In one failure, inserting the tracheal tube caused severe gagging in spite of an adequate view of the larynx, and the trachea was intubated with the videolaryngoscope after induction of anaesthesia. The second failure was due to gagging, with subsequent tracheal intubation successful using fibreoptic bronchoscopy. When managing the morbidly obese airway, awake tracheal intubation using videolaryngoscopy may be considered.
The precision of PiCCO®measurements in hypothermic post‐cardiac arrest patients
Authors: Tagami T. , Kushimoto S. , Tosa R. , Omura M. , Hagiwara J. , Hirama H. , Yokota H. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to determine the precision of the PiCCO®system for post‐cardiac arrest patients who underwent therapeutic hypothermia. The precision of the measurements for cardiac output, global end‐diastolic volume, extravascular lung water and the pulmonary vascular permeability index was assessed using the least significant change; this was regarded as precise when less than 15%. A total of 462 measurement sets were prospectively performed on 88 patients following successful resuscitation after cardiac arrest. Using the mean value of three injections for a measurement, the least significant change for the cardiac output, global end‐diastolic volume, extravascular lung water and pulmonary vascular permeability index measurements were found to be 7.8%, 8.5%, 7.8% and 12.1%, respectively. No significant differences between hypothermia (n = 150) and non‐hypothermia (n = 312) were found. The PiCCO‐derived variables were found to be precise for post‐cardiac arrest patients even under conditions of varying body temperature.
The effect of nitrous oxide on intra‐ocular pressure in healthy adults*
Authors: Lalwani K. , Fox E. B. , Fu R. , Edmunds B. , Kelly L. D. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryMany anaesthetic agents affect intra‐ocular pressure, yet little is known about nitrous oxide and intra‐ocular pressure. This study assessed the effect of nitrous oxide on intra‐ocular pressure in 20 healthy adult volunteers. The intra‐ocular pressure was measured at baseline, while breathing a 70:30 mix of nitrous oxide and oxygen for 12 min, and then while breathing room air for 15 min. A linear mixed effects model was used to assess change in intra‐ocular pressure over time. There was no significant difference in intra‐ocular pressure between baseline and during or after nitrous oxide inhalation. Several differences in intra‐ocular pressure were noted between internal time‐points: pressure increased by 2.4 mmHg between 3 and 6 min of breathing nitrous oxide (p = 0.01); it increased by 1.4 mmHg between 3 and 9 min of breathing nitrous oxide (p = 0.046); and it decreased by 2.2 mmHg between 6 min of breathing nitrous oxide and 15 min of breathing room air (p = 0.035). This study indicates that nitrous oxide inhalation does not significantly change intra‐ocular pressure from baseline values in a population of healthy adults.
The role of sugammadex in the development and modification of an allergic response to rocuronium: evidence from a cutaneous model*
Authors: Clarke R. C. , Sadleir P. H. M. , Platt P. R. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThe availability of sugammadex as a selective encapsulating agent for rocuronium has led to speculation that it may be useful in mitigating rocuronium‐induced anaphylaxis. Off‐label use of sugammadex for this indication has already been documented in case reports although there are theoretical objections to the likelihood of an allergen‐binding agent's being able to attenuate the immunological cascade of anaphylaxis. Using a cutaneous model of anaphylaxis in rocuronium‐sensitised patients, we were unable to demonstrate that sugammadex was effective in attenuating the type‐1 hypersensitivity reaction after it has been triggered by rocuronium, but we were able to demonstrate that these patients are anergic to sugammadex‐bound rocuronium. These findings demonstrate that a cyclodextrin can bind an allergen and exclude it from interacting with the immune system, and may potentially lead to novel applications in other allergic diseases. However, there is no evidence that sugammadex should be used for the treatment of rocuronium‐induced anaphylaxis, and clinical management should follow established protocols.