bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical and molecular characteristics of hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia in Quarter Horses
Authors: Grady Jesse G. , Elder Steven H. , Ryan Peter L. , Swiderski Cyprianna E. , Rashmir‐Raven Ann M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA) is an autosomal recessive skin disorder that has yet to be fully characterized. HERDA is predominately expressed in Quarter Horses, with the majority of these disseminating from elite cutting horse bloodlines, leading to the increased incidence of HERDA in recent years. Affected horses have loose, hyper‐extensible, fragile skin and are frequently euthanized due to poor wound healing and disfiguring scars. This study sought to better characterize HERDA by analysis of the biomechanical parameters of tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, energy to failure and thickness of skin from 10 affected and 6 unaffected horses using an Instron® Universal Testing Instrument. In addition, total soluble collagen and glycosaminoglycan concentrations of skin were analysed from 13 affected and 12 unaffected horses using Sircol™ Soluble Collagen and Blyscan™ Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan assays respectively. Affected horses exhibited a two to threefold reduction in tensile strength versus unaffected horses with statistically significant differences at six of seven sample locations (P ≤ 0.05). The modulus of elasticity proved to be significantly different at six of seven sample locations, energy to failure at six of seven sample locations, and skin thickness at one of seven sample locations (P ≤ 0.05). Affected horses exhibited significantly higher amounts of total soluble collagen than unaffected horses (P ≤ 0.05). No significant difference was demonstrated between groups for glycosaminoglycan concentration. Affected horses demonstrated uniformly weaker skin across sample locations, indicating the biomechanical properties of HERDA are not regionally confined to specific areas of the horses’ skin.
Update on the cloning of monoclonal anti‐desmoglein antibodies from human pemphigus patients: implications for targeted therapy
Authors: Stanley John R. , Ishii Ken , Siegel Don L. , Payne Aimee S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAutoantibodies in pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and vulgaris (PV) bind to desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and 3, respectively, and cause loss of keratinocyte adhesion. To characterize the pathogenicity and genetics of such antibodies we have used phage display to isolate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from patients. PCR is used to clone the heavy and light chain variable region of the peripheral B cells into a vector that creates a phage particle with the antibody expressed on its surface and the cDNA encoding that antibody inside. The library of phage produced from a PF or PV patient are then panned on a plate containing Dsg1 or Dsg3 to isolate clones. The cDNA of each clone is sequenced to characterize the genetics of the expressed mAb. The mAb from each unique clone is tested for pathogenicity either by injecting into normal human skin organ culture or into neonatal mice. Pathogenic antibodies cause typical pemphigus blisters. In both PV and PF patients the heavy chain (VH) genes used for Dsg‐binding antibodies are severely restricted. PV and PF patients have both pathogenic and non‐pathogenic mAbs. The immunochemical characteristics of the antibodies (including pathogenicity) sort with the VH, not the VL, gene. These monoclonal pathogenic antibodies can be used to screen peptide libraries to find short peptides that block antibody binding. In summary, the antibody response is restricted and, therefore, it may be feasible to target the specific pathogenic antibodies for therapy.
The use of recombinant omega interferon therapy in canine atopic dermatitis: a double‐blind controlled study
Authors: Carlotti Didier Noël , Boulet Marc , Ducret Joël , Machicote Gustavo , Jasmin Pierre , Rème Christophe A. , Albouy Maxime 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis double‐blind controlled study assessed whether reduced doses of omega interferon (rFeIFN‐ω) (Virbagen®Omega) could improve the clinical signs of canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) over a 6‐month period, in comparison with cyclosporin. Thirty‐one dogs diagnosed with CAD were entered in the study. Complicating infections were treated prior to entry. Dogs received 10 injections of rFeIFN‐ω (1–5 million units according to bodyweight) or placebo over 6 months, and placebo capsules or cyclosporin (5 mg/kg) once daily for 2 months and then twice weekly for 4 months in groups 1 and 2 respectively. Flea control, non‐medicated shampooing and ear cleansing were performed regularly. If a bacterial infection orMalasseziaovergrowth developed, it was treated with oral cephalexin or with 3% chlorhexidine shampoo respectively. Oral prednisolone was used before day 90 to relieve pruritus when required for humane reasons (1 mg/kg once daily for 7 days). The CADESI‐03 and a pruritus index were evaluated on day (D) 0, D14, D35, D56, D90, D120 and D180. No significant difference was detected between the groups for the time courses of lesions or pruritus over 6 months. On D90, the proportions of dogs with ≥50% improvement of pruritus and lesion scores were 56% and 72% respectively with interferon, 75% and 75% respectively with cyclosporin. Five dogs from group 1 and two dogs from group 2 were withdrawn from the study for treatment failure. Both products were well tolerated. Treatment with rfeIFN‐ω at low doses may help for the long‐term management of CAD.
Anatomy and physiology of the canine ear
Authors: Cole Lynette K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe canine ear consists of the pinna, external ear canal, middle ear and inner ear. The external ear is composed of auricular and annular cartilage. The auricular cartilage of the pinna becomes funnel shaped at the opening of the external ear canal. The vertical ear canal runs for about 1 inch, then forms the horizontal ear canal, which is composed of auricular and annular cartilage. The middle ear consists of an air‐filled tympanic cavity, three auditory ossicles, and tympanic membrane. The tympanic membrane is a semitransparent membrane divided into the pars flaccida and pars tensa. The tympanic cavity consists of a small epitympanic recess, a large ventral bulla and the tympanic bulla proper. On the medial wall of the tympanic cavity is the promontory, which houses the cochlea. The cochlear (round) window is located in the caudolateral portion of the promontory, covered by a thin membrane. The vestibular (oval) window is located on the dorsolateral surface of the promontory, covered by a thin diaphragm over which the footplate of the stapes is attached. The auditory tube is a short canal that extends from the nasopharynx to the rostral portion of the tympanic cavity proper. The auditory ossicles are the bones that transmit and amplify air vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. The inner ear is housed in a bony labyrinth in the petrous portion of the temporal bone. The bony labyrinth contains the membranous labyrinth with its sensory organs responsible for hearing and balance.
A two‐dimensional morphological study of corneocytes from healthy dogs and cats and from dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: McEwan Neil A. , Lu Yi‐Fang , Nuttall Tim 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the dimensions of corneocytes collected from healthy dogs and cats, and from dogs suffering from atopic dermatitis. Samples were collected from the inner pinna, lateral thorax and the groin. D‐Squame® adhesive discs were used to collect corneocytes from the skin surface and image analysis software was used for measurements. Two differently shaped cells were identified in both animal species. The most common cell type was polygonal, often hexagonal or pentagonal and regular while the second type was smaller, elongated and variable in size and shape. The polygonal cells are corneocytes which probably originate from the interfollicular epidermis. The mean diameter and surface area for healthy canine polygonal corneocytes were 38–43.5 μm and 1092–1436 μm2. The equivalent Figures for cats were 39.6–48.5 μm and 1183–1772 μm2. Feline polygonal corneocytes were generally larger than those of the dog. Both feline and canine polygonal corneocytes collected from the ear were generally smaller than those from other body sites. Atopic canine polygonal corneocytes collected from the groin were significantly smaller than healthy groin corneocytes. In healthy dogs the mean length, breadth and surface area of elongated cells were 26.6–35.9 μm, 7.6–10.3 μm and 168.6–240.2 μm2. The equivalent values for cats were 20.0–37.8 μm, 6.8–9.9 μm and 117.6–245.6 μm2. The exact nature of the elongated cells is not known but they may be cell fragments or folded corneocytes. They were more common in densely haired skin suggesting the hair follicle as their origin.
Neurodevelopmental changes in the circuits underlying empathy and sympathy from childhood to adulthood
Authors: Decety Jean , Michalska Kalina J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEmpathy and sympathy play crucial roles in much of human social interaction and are necessary components for healthy coexistence. Sympathy is thought to be a proxy for motivating prosocial behavior and providing the affective and motivational base for moral development. The purpose of the present study was to use functional MRI to characterize developmental changes in brain activation in the neural circuits underpinning empathy and sympathy. Fifty‐seven individuals, whose age ranged from 7 to 40 years old, were presented with short animated visual stimuli depicting painful and non‐painful situations. These situations involved either a person whose pain was accidentally caused or a person whose pain was intentionally inflicted by another individual to elicit empathic (feeling as the other) or sympathetic (feeling concern for the other) emotions, respectively. Results demonstrate monotonic age‐related changes in the amygdala, supplementary motor area, and posterior insula when participants were exposed to painful situations that were accidentally caused. When participants observed painful situations intentionally inflicted by another individual, age‐related changes were detected in the dorsolateral prefrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, with a gradual shift in that latter region from its medial to its lateral portion. This pattern of activation reflects a change from a visceral emotional response critical for the analysis of the affective significance of stimuli to a more evaluative function. Further, these data provide evidence for partially distinct neural mechanisms subserving empathy and sympathy, and demonstrate the usefulness of a developmental neurobiological approach to the new emerging area of moral neuroscience.
Challenging behavior of patients with frontal dysfunction managed successfully with behavioral intervention
Authors: NARUMOTO Jin , MIYA Hiroaki , SHIBATA Keisuke , NAKAMAE Takashi , OKAMURA Aiko , MATSUOKA Teruyuki , NAKAMURA Kaeko , FUKUI Kenji 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHerein, we report on two clinical cases in which behavioral disturbances occurred due to frontal dysfunction. Both patients were treated successfully with behavioral intervention. In the first case, the patient's challenging behavior of repeatedly entering his wife's workplace and interrupting her work was reduced after the patient's wife changed her response to the behavior and her schedule prior to work to ensure that she spent time with him in the morning. In the second case, the patient's challenging behavior of urinating in the street was reduced by changing his walking route. The successful outcome in both cases suggests that behavioral intervention based on Antecedents, Behavior, and Consequences (ABC) analysis is useful in the management of behavioral disturbance due to frontal dysfunction.
Innovative Collaborations: A Case Study for Academic Owned Nursing Practice
Authors: Sullivan‐Marx Eileen M. , Bradway Christine , Barnsteiner Jane 
Published: December 2009

Abstract Purpose: Academic service partnerships are critical for schools of nursing to maintain credibility regarding their missions of education, research, service, and practice. Methods: In this paper, we describe a case study of a ten year program, the Living Independently For Elders (LIFE) Program at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing that has provided community‐based long‐term care to high‐risk older adults. Findings: Quality of care and financial outcomes were met with nurse faculty engagement, administrative commitment, and integration of business practices. Conclusions: As a result, high risk older adults receive care in their communities rather than nursing homes, and the school‐ owned and ‐operated program is a nationally recognized innovative nursing model of care. Clinical Relevance: Strategies are described that can be used globally as more schools of nursing embrace and strengthen service partnerships.
Role of flap tension in primary wound closure of mucoperiosteal flaps: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Burkhardt R. , Lang N. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAim: To evaluate the role of suture tension in primary wound closure of mucoperiosteal flaps.Materials and methods: Sixty patients, scheduled for a single implant installation, were recruited. Before suturing, the wound closing forces were measured with an electronic tension device. One week after the surgery, the wounds were inspected with regard to complete closure.Results: The applied tension varied between 0.01 and 0.4 N. In 72% a tension of 0.01–0.1 N was applied, resulting in few dehiscences (10%). Higher closing forces (>0.1 N) increased the percentage of wound dehiscences significantly (≥40%).Conclusions: It appears necessary to control flap tension at the time of wound closure to achieve a primary closure. To cite this article:
Burkhardt R, Lang NP. Role of flap tension in primary wound closure of mucoperiosteal flaps: a prospective cohort study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 50–54.
Bone dimensional variations at implants placed in fresh extraction sockets: a multilevel multivariate analysis
Authors: Tomasi Cristiano , Sanz Mariano , Cecchinato Denis , Pjetursson Bjarni , Ferrus Jorge , Lang Niklaus P. , Lindhe Jan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAim: To use multilevel, multivariate models to analyze factors that may affect bone alterations during healing after an implant immediately placed into an extraction socket.Material and methods: Data included in the current analysis were obtained from a clinical trial in which a series of measurements were performed to characterize the extraction site immediately after implant installation and at re‐entry 4 months later. A regression multilevel, multivariate model was built to analyze factors affecting the following variables: (i) the distance between the implant surface and the outer bony crest (S‐OC), (ii) the horizontal residual gap (S‐IC), (iii) the vertical residual gap (R‐D) and (iv) the vertical position of the bone crest opposite the implant (R‐C).Results: It was demonstrated that (i) the S‐OC change was significantly affected by the thickness of the bone crest; (ii) the size of the residual gap was dependent of the size of the initial gap and the thickness of the bone crest; and (iii) the reduction of the buccal vertical gap was dependent on the age of the subject. Moreover, the position of the implant opposite the alveolar crest of the buccal ridge and its bucco‐lingual implant position influenced the amount of buccal crest resorption.Conclusions: Clinicians must consider the thickness of the buccal bony wall in the extraction site and the vertical as well as the horizontal positioning of the implant in the socket, because these factors will influence hard tissue changes during healing. To cite this article:
Tomasi C, Sanz M, Cecchinato D, Pjetursson B, Ferrus J, Lang NP, Lindhe J. Bone dimensional variations at implants placed in fresh extraction sockets: a multilevel multivariate analysis. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 30–36.
Tooth extraction decision model in periodontitis patients
Authors: Popelut A. , Rousval B. , Fromentin O. , Feghali M. , Mora F. , Bouchard P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to build, around several types of input data, a decision analysis model for dental extraction strategy in periodontitis patients.Materials and methods: The decision analysis was based on the following scenario: a fictitious adult chronic periodontitis patient with no chief complaint, being referred to make a decision of extraction on one single tooth presenting a periodontal defect that may affect the decision‐making process. A decision tree was used to identify the treatment options within the next 5 years. Scientific evidences were based on probabilities given by a literature analysis using a systematic approach. Clinical expertize was based on subjective utilities (SUs) assigned by an experts' panel. Expected utilities (EUs) were used to rank the following options: no treatment (EU1) or periodontal treatment (EU2); extraction followed by a tooth‐supported fixed partial denture – FPD – (EU3) or an implant‐supported single crown – ISC – (EU4).Results: The robustness analysis calculation indicates that the probability of tooth survival needed to be equal to 0.78 in order that the passive option becomes optimal.However, EU1 was impossible to calculate due to the lack of available probabilities. The EU intervals were 79–96, 86–89 and 94–95 for EU2, EU3 and EU4, respectively. Consequently, the FPD option is dominated by the ISC option, and it is not possible to conclude to a difference between the periodontal and the ISC therapy.Conclusions: Within the limits of this model, tooth extraction followed by FPD is the worst strategy compared with ISC or periodontal therapies. To cite this article:
Popelut A, Rousval B, Fromentin O, Feghali M, Mora F, Bouchard P. Tooth extraction decision model in periodontitis patients. Clin Oral Impl Res. 21, 2010; 80–89.
SENSORY MAPPING OF BEERS ON SALE IN THE ITALIAN MARKET
Authors: DONADINI G. , FUMI M.D. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT The sensory profiles of 72 beers commercially available in Italy were described and quantified using descriptive analysis procedures. Principal component analysis indicated that nearly 74% of the variance across samples can be described by the first six principal components. Raw materials and specifically grains impart flavors that are responsible for the main source of variations and discrimination among beers of the Italian market. Second direction of variation is summarized by the perceived overall structure of a given brand and its fruity ester flavors. Although sameness seems to be the key word for pale lagers of the market as emerges from the application of multivariate techniques, this study proved to be efficient in gaining an insight into the relationships between this class of beers and its flavor characteristics and revealed some subtle but clear differences among brands which took the lion's share of the market. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe results of this study have practical implications for brewers, importers and distributors. Brewers who wish to introduce or re‐position a new or existing beer brand into the Italian market can benefit from these pieces of information to improve the knowledge of the sensory structure of the beer market to better plan their industrial strategies. Moskowitz stated that mapping technique can be used by researchers “to identify which products compete with each other, as well as to discover whether or not there exist in the category unfilled holes that have promise.” As competition intensifies, companies need to orientate more precisely and enhance more efficiently towards consumers' satisfaction and sensory properties of food and beverages are universally reported as determinants of product quality and acceptance.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALMOND LEXICON TO ASSESS THE SENSORY PROPERTIES OF ALMOND VARIETIES
Authors: CIVILLE G.V. , LAPSLEY K. , HUANG G. , YADA S. , SELTSAM J. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT A unique comprehensive sensory lexicon for describing the appearance, aroma, flavor and texture attributes of almonds was developed by a nine‐member panel with extensive experience in descriptive analysis. The almond lexicon was then used to profile the sensory properties of 20 almond samples obtained from three growing regions in California over two harvest years and encompassing seven major almond varieties, to better understand the natural variability in raw almonds. Range graphs were plotted to depict the intensity range (minimum to maximum score) for a given attribute across all samples evaluated for a variety. Descriptive analysis results revealed that the major almond varieties tested had a range of inherent variability and that specific varieties had unique attributes. Distinct walnut, tea and squash flavor aromatics were detected in only some almond varieties. Appearance, aroma, basic taste and chemical feeling factor attribute ranges were generally small and consistent among varieties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe detailed, working almond lexicon created in this study will provide researchers, producers and manufacturers with an effective platform to communicate observations for the evaluation of almonds. The sensory attribute assessment of almond varieties obtained from different regions, growers and harvest years allows for a better understanding of the natural variability in almonds. Establishing the range of natural variability found in raw almonds of the major California varieties provides the basis for future research on the effects of processing treatments on the sensory characteristics of almonds.
Contingent Capital vs. Contingent Reverse Convertibles for Banks and Insurance Companies
Authors: Culp Christopher L. 
Published: December 2009

During the credit and liquidity crisis in 2007 and 2008, banks found themselves largely unable to raise significant new equity quickly from parties other than sovereign wealth funds and governments. Some banks have thus recently begun to consider contingent capital as a means of pre‐arranging recapitalizations for future crises. Contingent capital is a type of put option that entitles a company to issue new securities on pre‐negotiated terms, often following the occurrence of one or more risk‐based triggering events.This article compares the economic merits of a new security—a “contingent reverse convertible” or CRC—against more traditional forms of contingent capital. In November 2009, Lloyds Banking Group plc issued “Enhanced Capital Notes”—subordinated debt that converts into common stock if Lloyds's core regulatory capital falls below 5% of its regulatory risk‐weigh ted assets. This CRC is not strictly speaking a form of contingent capital, but it does give banks the potential to recapitalize themselves quickly in the face of a crisis without having to turn to governments and taxpayers.One important limitation of CRCs is that because they do not generate new cash for a bank at the time of conversion, they are unlikely to stop a liquidity crisis once it has begun. More traditional contingent capital facilities, by contrast, do put cash in the hands of the issuer at the time the facility is drawn. But even for those inclined to use CRCs, it may be unrealistic to expect many other institutions to imitate the structure of the Lloyds offering. Persuading existing investors to take a more subordinated position in a bank's capital structure and write a put option to the bank on its own stock will be neither cheap nor easy. For this reason, the more traditional solutions used to date may have more success with banks, though arriving at a price that helps issuers and satisfies investors will be a challenge for those structures as well.