bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape preserving fractal multiquadric quasi-interpolation
Authors: Kumar D. , Chand A. K. B. , Massopust P. R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article, we construct a novel self-referential fractal multiquadric function which is symmetric about the origin. The scaling factors are suitably restricted to preserve the differentiability and the convexity of the underlying classical multiquadric function. Based on the translates of a fractal multiquadric function defined on a grid, we propose two fractal quasi-interpolants $$L_C^{\alpha }f$$

L
C
α

f

and $$L_D^{\alpha }f$$

L
D
α

f

to approximate smooth and irregular functions. We study the convergence of $$L_C^{\alpha }f$$

L
C
α

f

and $$L_D^{\alpha }f$$

L
D
α

f

to f using uniform error estimates. We investigate the linear polynomial reproducing property, convexity/concavity and monotonicity features of these quasi-interpolation operators. The advantages of fractal quasi-interpolants over the classical quasi-interpolants are demonstrated by various examples.
Namazu: Low-Cost Tunable Shaking Table for Vibration Experiments Under Generic Signals
Authors: Grashorn J. , Bittner M. , Banse M. , Chang X. , Beer M. , Fau A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article presents Namazu, a low-cost tunable shaking table framework for uniaxial vibration experiments in engineering education and research. All components and corresponding assembly are detailed. The design is easy to use and requires minimum maintenance. Open-source software covering signal generation and microcontroller programming is proposed to prescribe the motion of the table. There is no restriction in the programming language used to interface with the table. Communication with the microcontroller is performed via a serial interface, which eliminates the need for additional software. Besides, any displacement signals, including random ones, can be chosen. Due to the open-source nature of the Namazu table, users can also implement custom methods for signal generation and modify the table hardware. Suggestions are given in the paper. Accuracy is analyzed through displacement measurements. In addition, the Shinozuka benchmark is proposed and applied to test the table accuracy in the frequency domain. The results show good consistency of the signals obtained with the setpoints. Thus, Namazu, including the shaking table and a software suite, offers a versatile, accessible, and accurate solution for vibration experiments.
Effect of swab and surge pressure on the time-dependent wellbore natural fracture development
Authors: Kamgue Lenwoue Arnaud Regis , Li Zhonghui , Hu Pengjie , Songwe Selabi Naomie Beolle , Wandji Djouonkep Lesly Dasilva 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDrilling engineers continue to grapple with the persistent challenge of maintaining wellbore stability. Throughout the drilling process, the wellbore pressure experiences fluctuations induced by various factors such as swab and surge pressure, leading to potential instability. This study employs a numerical approach, utilizing Abaqus software, to investigate the impact of swab and surge pressure on the natural fracture growth within the wellbore and the evolving pore pressure. A computational tool developed with MATLAB is then utilized to ascertain a safe operational mud window by assessing the time-dependent collapse and fracture pressures. The findings illustrated a notable increase in fracture width as a function of time in response to swab and surge pressure, with the most significant percentage increase reaching 69.92%. Notably, a 69.16% augmentation in fracture width is observed in the immediate vicinity of the wellbore following the application of swab and surge pressure. However, parameters such as fracture length, loss circulation rate, and pore fluid pressure exhibited marginal changes post-integration of swab and surge effects. The examination of the time-dependent wellbore stability after integration of swab and surge pressure indicated a narrowing of the initial mud window as a function of time, with a 14.33% increase in collapse pressure and a 13.80% decrease in fracture pressure. The numerical model verification against analytical solutions demonstrated good agreement, highlighting its potential utility in optimizing particle size for wellbore reinforcement and mitigating lost circulation through natural fracture sealing.
Postdigital Citizen Science and Humanities: A Theoretical Kaleidoscope
Authors: Jopling Michael , Stewart Georgina Tuari , Orchard Shane , Suoranta Juha , Tolbert Sara , Cheilan Laurène , Yan Fei , Price Catherine , Hayes Sarah , Scott Howard , Latham Annabel , Bhatt Ibrar , Dodonov Vyacheslav , Matthews Adam , Muhtaseb Rami , MacKenzie Alison , Owaineh Mohamed , Earle Sarah , Simmons Ben , Clarke Zoë , la Velle Linda , Green Benjamin J. , Brown Cheryl , Watermeyer Richard , Jandrić Petar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis collective article presents a theoretical kaleidoscope, the multiple lenses of which are used to examine and critique citizen science and humanities in postdigital contexts and from postdigital perspectives. It brings together 19 short theoretical and experiential contributions, organised into six loose groups which explore areas and perspectives including Indigenous and local knowledge, technology, and children and young people as citizen researchers. It suggests that this collective approach is appropriate because both postdigital and citizen research are founded on and committed to collaboration, dialogue, and co-creation, as well as challenging the tenets and approaches of traditional academic research. In particular, it suggests that postdigital transformations in contemporary societies are both changing citizen science and humanities and making it more important.
Seismic probabilistic assessment of steel and reinforced concrete structures including earthquake-induced pounding
Authors: Kazemi F. , Asgarkhani N. , Manguri A. , Jankowski R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent earthquakes demonstrate that prioritizing the retrofitting of buildings should be of the utmost importance for enhancing the seismic resilience and structural integrity of urban structures. To have a realistic results of the pounding effects in modeling process of retrofitting buildings, the present research provides seismic Probability Factors (PFs), which can be used for estimating collision effects without engaging in intricate and time-intensive analysis. To include the low-, to mid-rise buildings, the 3-Story, 5-Story, and 9-Story adjacent steel and Reinforced Concrete (RC) moment-resisting frames were modeled in OpenSees software capable to take into account the structure in a state of collapse during the analysis, which can provide the real condition of buildings under seismic excitations. Results of analysis confirmed that the impact force can considerably affect the moment–rotation curve of beams and columns, in which, it can affect the structural response of structures during earthquakes. Therefore, seismic PFs proposed to examine the possibility of changes in the performance levels and fragility assessments. Moreover, proposed PFs can be used as coefficient factors to facilitate the retrofitting process of buildings and improve the environmental effects.
Natural Structural Transition of Gas Hydrates From sI to sII in the Deep Seafloor
Authors: Ma Liang , Luan Zhendong , Du Zengfeng , Wang Minxiao , Li Lianfu , Xi Shichuan , Zhang Yitong , Zhang Xiong , Zhang Xin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe evolution of gas hydrates influenced by the seawater environment is unknown. We present a model of structural transformation from sI hydrate to sII hydrate due to the influence of seawater environment and vent fluid in nature through in situ experiments of gas hydrate formation in the Haima cold seep area. The in situ experimental results indicate that gas hydrates preferentially form as sI hydrates even in cold seep environments where C2+ hydrocarbons are present. During subsequent evolution, the sI hydrates could restructured at the effect of seawater environment and vent fluid, causing transformation to sII hydrates under the influence of hydrate stability. The supply of gas and direct contact with seawater environment are critical factors for structural transformation. Such structural transformation is the result of gas hydrates seeking thermodynamic stability and may be common in active cold seep areas.
Distinct Modulations of Northwest Pacific Tropical Cyclone Precipitation by Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
Authors: Zhao Jiuwei , Zhan Ruifen , Kim Daehyun , Kug Jong‐Seong , Long Jingchao , Zhang Leying , Ma Xiaofan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe interdecadal variability of tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) over the western North Pacific (WNP) has not been thoroughly explored in previous studies. Here, we show that the TCP variations are modulated by both the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) as evidenced by reanalysis data and model experiments. A clustering analysis of tropical cyclone tracks shows that the AMO dominates a dipole pattern of TCP anomalies in the South China Sea and along the coastal eastern China. Meanwhile, the IPO dominates TCP over the southeastern WNP. Further analyses show that the AMO, particularly its extratropical component, affects TCP over the WNP by triggering an eastward‐propagating Rossby‐wave train, resulting in a pair of anomalous gyres over the WNP. Contrastly, the IPO modulates TCP by stimulating tropical circulation anomalies via the tropical pathway. These findings shed light on improving near‐term TCP forecast and its regional influence on East Asia.
A Global Probability‐Of‐Fire (PoF) Forecast
Authors: McNorton J. R. , Di Giuseppe F. , Pinnington E. , Chantry M. , Barnard C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccurate wildfire forecasting can inform regional management and mitigation strategies in advance of fire occurrence. Existing systems typically use fire danger indices to predict landscape flammability, based on meteorological forecasts alone, often using little or no direct information on land surface or vegetation state. Here, we use a vegetation characteristic model, weather forecasts and a data‐driven machine learning approach to construct a global daily ∼9 km resolution Probability of Fire (PoF) model operating at multiple lead times. The PoF model outperforms existing indices, providing accurate forecasts of fire activity up to 10 days in advance, and in some cases up to 30 days. The model can also be used to investigate historical shifts in regional fire patterns. Furthermore, the underlying data driven approach allows PoF to be used for fire attribution, isolating key variables for specific fire events or for looking at the relationships between variables and fire occurrence.
Multi‐Decadal Skill Variability in Predicting the Spatial Patterns of ENSO Events
Authors: Wright M. J. , Weisheimer A. , Woollings T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSeasonal hindcasts have previously been demonstrated to show multi‐decadal variability in skill across the twentieth century in indices describing El‐Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which drives global seasonal predictability. Here, we analyze the skill of predicting ENSO events' magnitude and spatial pattern, in the CSF‐20C coupled seasonal hindcasts in 1901–2010. We find minima in the skill of predicting the first (in 1930–1950) and second (in 1940–1960) principal components of sea‐surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific. This minimum is also present in the spatial correlation of SSTs, in 1930–1960. The skill reduction is explained by lower ENSO magnitude and variance in 1930–1960, as well as decreased SST persistence. The SST skill minima project onto surface winds, leading to worse predictions in coupled hindcasts compared to hindcasts using prescribed SSTs. Questions remain about the offset between the first and second principal components' skill minima, and how the skill minima impact the extra‐tropics.
Investigating the Behavior of Sedimentary Mercury (Hg) During Burial‐Related Thermal Maturation
Authors: Indraswari A. O. , Frieling J. , Mather T. A. , Dickson A. J. , Jenkyns H. C. , Idiz E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the behavior of mercury (Hg) in organic‐rich sediments as they undergo thermal maturation is important, for example, because enrichment of Hg in sedimentary deposits has become a widely used proxy for volcanism from Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). In this study, we evaluate the effects of such processes on sedimentary Hg concentrations by investigating a common stratigraphic interval in three drill cores with different levels of thermal maturity (immature, mature and post‐mature) in Toarcian sediments (Posidonienschiefer Formation) from the Lower Saxony Basin, Germany. We present Hg concentrations, bulk organic geochemistry, and total sulfur data. Mercury concentrations in the mature and post‐mature sediments are increased >2‐fold relative to the immature material, which is greater than any potential differences in original Hg concentrations in the studied successions prior to burial. Organic‐carbon and host‐rock mass loss during thermal maturation may have concentrated Hg in the mature sediments to some extent, provided Hg is considered effectively immobile. The increased Hg, TOC‐normalized Hg, and TS‐normalized Hg are most likely linked to the “closed system” behavior of Hg in sedimentary basins and the relatively low temperatures (70–260°C) during maturation that resulted in limited Hg mobility. More speculatively, a certain degree of redistribution of Hg within the mature sediments is suggested by its enrichment in distinct stratigraphic levels. Regardless of the exact mechanisms at play, the elevated Hg concentrations in mature sediments amplify both Hg/TOC and Hg/TS, implying that thermal effects must be considered when using normalized Hg as a proxy for far‐field volcanic activity.
Internal Tide Surface Signature and Incoherence in the North Atlantic
Authors: Lahaye Noé , Ponte Aurélien , Le Sommer Julien , Albert Aurélie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite intensified efforts to better quantify Internal Tide dynamics over past decades, large uncertainties remain regarding their distribution and lifecycle in the ocean. In particular, internal tide incoherence (loss of time‐regularity) has limited our ability to characterize, understand, and predict internal tides, challenging the exploitation of new‐generation wide‐swath satellite altimeters. Based on a realistic high‐resolution numerical simulation, we quantify the internal tide distribution and incoherence properties in the North Atlantic. We quantify IT incoherence for sea level and surface currents, and for different vertical modes independently. Our results show that typical decorrelation timescale induced by the mesoscale turbulence are rather short—below 25 days for the first vertical mode. It further exhibits a strong dependence of the internal tide incoherence with location, reflecting regions of enhanced eddy activity, and with vertical mode number—higher baroclinic modes being much more incoherent with shorter decorrelation timescale.
Cross‐Season Effect of Spring Kuroshio‐Oyashio Extension SST Anomalies on Following Summer Atmospheric Circulation
Authors: Tao Lingfeng , Sun Xuguang , Yang Xiu‐Qun , Fang Jiabei , Cai Danping , Zhou Botao , Chen Haishan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe long‐term memory of the ocean makes sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) become a significant predictor for the subsequent atmosphere, and the tropical ocean is primarily regarded as a major source of atmospheric anomalies. While in North Pacific, the local midlatitude SSTAs also have large contributions but have not been adequately considered yet. We discover a strong connection between the Kuroshio‐Oyashio Extension (KOE) SSTAs in spring and the local atmospheric circulation anomalies in following summer at interannual timescale, wherein, the spring KOE SSTAs are generally independent of tropical ocean, and they are primarily induced by the concurrent atmospheric anomalies via surface heat flux and ocean dynamic processes. The spring KOE SSTAs can persist to summer, and then generate nearly reversed whole‐layer atmospheric circulation anomalies in their north side through both diabatic heating and atmospheric transient eddy forcing. Consequently, precipitation anomalies in Pan‐Pacific regions are distinctly modulated from spring to summer.
Topographical Effects on Volcano Deformation Signal Intensity: Implications for GPS Network Configuration
Authors: Hickey J. , Pascal K. , Syers R. , Alshembari R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVolcano GPS networks can capture vital information during volcanic unrest to aid with hazard assessment and eruption forecasting, but can be hindered by their discrete point locations and possibly miss key spatial information. We show how numerical models can reveal controls on spatial deformation signal intensity compared against GPS network design. Using the GPS network at Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat, and a range of models, we explore expected surface deformation patterns. Peak horizontal deformation is located offshore, highlighting the difficulties with geodetic monitoring on small ocean‐island volcanoes. Onshore areas where the deformation signal is expected to be high are also identified. At SHV, topography plays a greater role in altering the relative distribution of surface displacement patterns than subsurface heterogeneity. Our method, which can be adapted for other volcanoes, highlights spatial areas that can be targeted for effective GPS station placement to help improve deformation monitoring efficiency.
Corals Evidence an Underestimation of the 20th Century Warming in the Eastern Pacific Cold Tongue
Authors: Han Tao , Yan Hong , Wang Jianglin , Stoffel Markus , Guillet Sébastien , Corona Christophe , Lin Xiaopei , Xing Huibin , Tian Qun , Liu Chengcheng , Dodson John , Yu Kefu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe trade winds cause strong upwelling in the eastern equatorial Pacific, and create the eastern Pacific Cold Tongue (EPCT) that has far‐reaching impacts on global climate. However, large discrepancies persist in quantifying 20th‐century EPCT sea surface temperature (SST) changes across different instrumental data sets. Here we synthesize four coral Sr/Ca‐SST records from the tropical central‐eastern Pacific to develop a Cold Tongue Index (CTI) reconstruction for 1887–1997. The coral CTI record shows a rapid 20th century warming of the EPCT, suggesting an underestimation of warming trends in instrumental CTI records. The decadal to multidecadal changes in reconstructed EPCT SST show an association with the Walker Circulation. Our reconstruction indicates that recent EPCT cooling during the global warming hiatus is not unusual in the context of the 20th century. Our results provide new evidence for 20th century EPCT SST changes and an observational constraint for predicting future tropical climate changes.
MMS Observations of Oscillating Energy Conversion and Electron Vorticity in an Electron‐Scale Layer Within a Southward Magnetopause Reconnection Exhaust
Authors: Eriksson S. , Ahmadi N. , Burch J. L. , Genestreti K. J. , Swisdak M. , Argall M. R. , Newman D. L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe MMS satellites traversed a ∼6 di‐wide and ∼500 km/s southward reconnection exhaust at the dayside magnetopause on 6 December 2015 and ∼29 di from the associated X‐line region. A narrow ∼0.26–0.34 di layer of enhanced ±3.5 nW/m3 oscillating energy conversion perpendicular to the magnetic field resides in this exhaust. It contained two regions of diverging in‐plane electric fields in general agreement with two clockwise electron flow vortices and a proposed increase of the electron vorticity ∇ × Ve. The layer developed sunward of a unipolar Hall magnetic field for a duskward BM/BL ∼ 0.9 guide field. Each electron flow vortex supported a local ∆BM ∼ 10 nT strengthening of this Hall field. The presence of this electron‐scale layer in a southward exhaust for a duskward guide field is consistent with a two‐dimensional simulation of a similar structure that evolved from an X‐line into a northward exhaust for a similar strength dawnward guide field.
Genetic and environmental interactions contribute to immune variation in rewilded mice
Authors: Oyesola Oyebola , Downie Alexander E. , Howard Nina , Barre Ramya S. , Kiwanuka Kasalina , Zaldana Kimberly , Chen Ying-Han , Menezes Arthur , Lee Soo Ching , Devlin Joseph , Mondragón-Palomino Octavio , Souza Camila Oliveira Silva , Herrmann Christin , Koralov Sergei B. , Cadwell Ken , Graham Andrea L. , Loke P’ng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe relative and synergistic contributions of genetics and environment to interindividual immune response variation remain unclear, despite implications in evolutionary biology and medicine. Here we quantify interactive effects of genotype and environment on immune traits by investigating C57BL/6, 129S1 and PWK/PhJ inbred mice, rewilded in an outdoor enclosure and infected with the parasite Trichuris muris. Whereas cellular composition was shaped by interactions between genotype and environment, cytokine response heterogeneity including IFNγ concentrations was primarily driven by genotype with consequence on worm burden. In addition, we show that other traits, such as expression of CD44, were explained mostly by genetics on T cells, whereas expression of CD44 on B cells was explained more by environment across all strains. Notably, genetic differences under laboratory conditions were decreased following rewilding. These results indicate that nonheritable influences interact with genetic factors to shape immune variation and parasite burden.
Abrasivity database of different genetic rocks based on CERCHAR Abrasivity Test
Authors: Gao Kuidong , Wang Xinyu , Wei Hongxin , Wang Shuxue , Xu Weipeng , Li Xu , Sun Liqing , Jiang Hongxiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRock abrasivity is one of the main factors affecting the wear of rock-cutting tools, which is usually quantified by the CERCHAR Abrasivity Index (CAI). Researchers and engineers study tool wear and predict tool life based on the CAI of rocks. However, there is still a lack of a dataset on rock properties, especially the abrasivity of various rocks. This paper reports the abrasive dataset of 10 kinds of rocks, including sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks, and igneous rocks, with the aid of the CERCHAR Abrasivity Test and digital measurement techniques. The dataset comprises rock abrasivity data, point cloud data for visualization, scratch photos, CERCHAR Abrasivity Test force data, and mechanical properties (uniaxial compressive strength) of rock samples. This dataset facilitates future research on rock abrasivity and rock-cutting tool wear.