bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of implant drill characteristics on heat generation in osteotomy sites: a pilot study
Authors: Oh Hyun Jun , Wikesjö Ulf ME , Kang Ho‐Seong , Ku Young , Eom Tae‐Gwan , Koo Ki‐Tae 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of drill–bone contact area on bone temperature during osteotomy preparation.Material and methods: Conventional triflute Ø3.6 mm drills were modified with the intent to reduce frictional heat induction. The peripheral dimensions of the drill were reduced 0.15, 0.35 and 0.5 mm to evaluate the effect of surface area on induction of frictional heat between the drill and bone/cutting debris (parameter A). Also, the lateral cutting surface of the drill was set to 0.1, 2 and 7.5 mm to estimate heat induced by direct function of the drill (parameter B). A non‐modified triflute drill (parameter A: 0 mm; parameter B: 15 mm) served as control. Thus, nine drills with different A/B combinations vs. one control were tested in artificial bone. Real‐time temperature changes (during drilling and withdrawing) were assessed using an infrared thermal imager. Each drilling procedure was performed up to 20 times. Thermal image data were transferred to a PC for simultaneous analysis.Results: Mean temperature changes for all modified drill combinations were smaller than for the control (P<0.001). The effects of parameters A and B were statistically significant (P<0.001). There was a significant interaction effect between the two parameters (P<0.001) showing that the effect of parameter A on the mean temperature changes is different depending on the values of parameter B. As the dimensions of parameter B decreased, the temperature change during drilling also decreased. However, a tendency for the temperature to increase or decrease by parameter A was not observed.Conclusions: Within the limitations of this pilot study, the observations herein suggest that reduction in contact area between the drill and bone reduces heat induction. Further studies to optimize drill/bone contact dimensions are needed. To cite this article:
Oh HJ, Wikesjö UME, Kang H‐S, Ku Y, Eom T‐G, Koo K‐T. Effect of implant drill characteristics on heat generation in osteotomy sites: a pilot study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 22, 2011; 722–726 doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02051.x
Falls in older people receiving in‐home informal care across Victoria: Influence on care recipients and caregivers
Authors: Meyer Claudia , Dow Briony , Bilney Belinda E , Moore Kirsten J , Bingham Amanda L , Hill Keith D. 
Published: December 2010

Aim:  Older people receiving informal care at home appear at high falls risk. This study investigates frequency, circumstances and factors associated with falls risk for older care recipients, and their informal caregivers.Methods:  Ninety‐six dyads, recruited from caregiver agencies, underwent a home assessment, including falls risk, function, depression, quality of life, self‐rated health and carer burden.Results:  Care recipients were at high falls risk. In the past 12 months, 58% had fallen and 26% twice or more. Common falls risk factors were polypharmacy, multiple medical conditions and requiring functional assistance. Caregivers exhibited multiple health problems, moderate burden and reduced quality of life. Where care recipients had high falls risk, caregivers had significantly higher carer burden and depression. Low functional level and high care recipient health problems were independently associated with risk of falling (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Strategies to reduce falls risk in this cohort are necessary, together with supporting the needs of the caregiver.
Rapid Upregulation of Cytoprotective Nitric Oxide in Breast Tumor Cells Subjected to a Photodynamic Therapy‐like Oxidative Challenge
Authors: Bhowmick Reshma , Girotti Albert W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMany tumor cells produce nitric oxide (NO) as an antiapoptotic/progrowth molecule which also promotes antiogenesis and tumor expansion. This study was designed to examine possible antagonistic effects of endogenous NO on tumor eradication by photodynamic therapy (PDT). Using COH‐BR1 breast cancer cells sensitized in mitochondria with 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA)‐generated protoporphyrin IX as a model for ALA‐based PDT, we found that caspase‐9 activation and apoptotic death following irradiation were strongly enhanced by 1400W, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). RT‐PCR and Western analyses revealed a substantial upregulation of both iNOS mRNA and protein, beginningca4 h after irradiation and persisting for at least 20 h. Accompanying this was a strong 1400W‐inhibitable increase in intracellular NO, as detected with the NO probe, DAF‐2‐DA. Short hairpin RNA‐based iNOS knockdown in COH‐BR1 cells dramatically reduced NO production under photostress while enhancing caspase‐9 activation and apoptosis. These findings suggest that cytoprotective iNOS/NO induction in PDT‐treated tumor cells could reduce treatment efficacy, and point to pharmacologic intervention with iNOS inhibitors for counteracting this.
Comparison of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to FISH and cytogenetics in prognostic evaluation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: O’MALLEY D. P. , GIUDICE C. , CHANG A. S. , CHANG D. , BARRY T. S. , HIBBARD M. K. , CHEN R. , CHEN S.‐T. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryIntroduction:  High‐resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a method of evaluating chromosomal alterations over the entire genome. We compared aCGH with routine cytogenetics and FISH in detecting genetic alterations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).Methods:  Array comparative genomic hybridization testing was performed on 55 cases of CLL in addition to a standard panel of FISH probes (ATM on 11q22, trisomy 12, 13q14, p53 on 17p13). The frequency of detecting abnormalities was compared, and discordant results between methodologies were compared.Results:  Fifty‐five CLL cases [male to female ratio of 2.2:1 and a mean age of 71 (52–90)] were analyzed by both aCGH and FISH. This group of CLL cases showed genetic abnormalities by FISH (60%; 27/45). In contrast to FISH, aCGH detected genetic abnormalities in 82% (45/55) of CLL cases; aCGH identified genetic abnormalities not detected by FISH studies in 16% (7/45) of cases, whereas FISH identified abnormalities not detected by aCGH in only 7% (3/45) of cases. Rare recurring genetic alterations were detected by aCGH including losses in 6q, 8p, 10q, 14q32, and 18q and gains in 10q.Discussion:  Our findings suggest aCGH is an effective technique for evaluating recurring genetic abnormalities in CLL and improves on standard FISH in detecting genetic abnormalities in CLL.
FORMAL–INFORMAL ECONOMY LINKAGES AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Davies Rob , Thurlow James 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSouth Africa's high unemployment and small informal economy has been attributed to barriers to entry in informal labour markets. We develop a general equilibrium model based on a typology of informal activities that captures formal/informal linkages in product and labour markets. Simulations reveal that trade liberalisation increases formal employment, hurts informal producers, and favours informal traders and may explain the dominance of traders instead of producers. Wage subsidies also raise employment but further heighten competition for informal producers. Cash transfers favour informal employment, albeit with a fiscal burden. Results confirm the role of formal/informal linkages and product markets in explaining policy outcomes.
TESTING FOR PURCHASING POWER PARITY AND UNCOVERED INTEREST PARITY IN THE PRESENCE OF MONETARY AND EXCHANGE RATE REGIME SHIFTS
Authors: Lacerda Miguel , Fedderke Johannes W. , Haines Linda M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTesting for purchasing power parity (PPP) and uncovered interest parity (UIP) has been the focus of many empirically oriented studies. While these simple economic theories of exchange rate and interest rate determination are theoretically attractive, the empirical support for these equilibrium conditions is at best mixed. Many potential reasons have been cited in the literature for the failure of such studies, ranging from market imperfections to inappropriate modelling strategies. The current state‐of‐the‐art procedure involves testing for two cointegrating vectors in a multivariate error correction model which may be economically identified as the PPP and UIP relations. However, such a procedure does not account for policy regime shifts which distort the underlying PPP and UIP relations. In this paper, a Markov‐switching vector error correction model (VECM) is considered for time series data in which monetary and exchange rate regime shifts are known to be present. Weak evidence in favour of PPP and UIP is established in a standard linear VECM, although the residuals of this model indicate that it is inappropriate in terms of functional form. The Markov‐switching VECM, however, provides convincing evidence in favour of both the PPP and UIP relations and a marked improvement in the residual distributions.
INFLATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: A TIME‐SERIES VIEW ACROSS SECTORS USING LONG‐RANGE DEPENDENCE
Authors: Gil‐alana Luis A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper I examine the time‐series evolution of the log consumer price index series in South Africa, disaggregating the data by sectors. I examine the time period 1990m1‐2008m12, i.e. focusing on the post‐apartheid period. I used methodologies based on fractional integration using parametric and semiparametric techniques. The results indicate that the (total) inflation rate in South Africa is long memory, with an order of integration in the range (0, 0.5). The same happens with most of the data disaggregated by sectors with values of d above 1 in the log prices. Evidence of I(0) inflation is obtained in some cases for “fruits and nuts”, “vegetables” and “sugar”, and evidence of mean reversion in the log prices is only obtained in the case of “fish and other seafood”.
Remission of Diabetes Mellitus in Cats Cannot be Predicted by the Arginine Stimulation Test
Authors: Tschuor F. , Zini E. , Schellenberg S. , Wenger M. , Kaufmann K. , Furrer D. , Lutz T.A. , Reusch C.E. 
Published: December 2010

Background: Cats with diabetes mellitus frequently achieve clinical remission, suggesting residual β‐cell function. Responsiveness of β‐cells to arginine persists the longest during diabetes progression, making the intravenous arginine stimulation test (IVAST) a useful tool to assess residual insulin and glucagon secretion.Hypothesis: Diabetic cats with and without remission will have different arginine‐induced insulin or glucagon response.Animals: Seventeen cats with diabetes, 7 healthy cats.Methods: Blood samples collected on admission and during subsequent IVAST. Glucose, insulin, and glucagon were measured. Response to IVAST was assessed by calculating the insulin and glucagon area under the curve (AUC) and the AUC glucagon‐to‐insulin ratio. Diabetic cats were treated with insulin and were followed for 18 weeks. Remission was defined as normoglycemia and disappearance of clinical signs of diabetes for ≥4 weeks, without requiring insulin.Results: Seven diabetic cats (41%) achieved remission. On admission, blood glucose concentration was significantly lower in cats with remission (median, 389 mg/dL; range, 342–536 mg/dL) than in those without remission (median, 506 mg/dL; range, 266–738 mg/dL). After IVAST, diabetic cats with remission had higher AUC glucagon‐to‐insulin ratios (median, 61; range, 34–852) than did cats without remission (median, 26; range, 20–498); glucose, insulin, and glucagon AUCs were not different. Diabetic cats had lower insulin AUC than did healthy cats but comparable glucagon AUC.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Diabetic cats with and without remission have similar arginine‐stimulated insulin secretion on admission. Although cats with remission had lower blood glucose concentrations and higher AUC glucagon‐to‐insulin ratios, large overlap between groups prevents use of these parameters in clinical practice.
Antibodies to parvovirus, distemper virus and adenovirus conferred to household dogs using commercial combination vaccines containing Leptospira bacterin
Authors: Taguchi M. , Namikawa K. , Maruo T. , Lynch J. , Sahara H. 
Published: December 2010

To examine how the inclusion (+) or exclusion (–) of inactivated Leptospira antigens in a vaccine for canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV‐2), canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV‐2) affects antibody titres to CPV‐2, CDV and CAdV‐1 antigens, household dogs were vaccinated with commercially available vaccines from one of three manufacturers. CPV‐2, CDV and CAdV‐1 antibody titres were measured 11 to 13 months later and compared within three different age groups and three different bodyweight groups. There were significant differences between CPV‐2 antibody titres in dogs vaccinated with (+) vaccine and those vaccinated with (–) vaccine for two products in the two‐year‐old group and for one product in the greater than seven‐year‐old group; no significant differences were seen that could be attributed to bodyweight. No differences in CDV antibody titres were observed within age groups, but a significant difference was seen in the 11 to 20 kg weight group for one product. Significant differences in CAdV‐1 antibody titres were seen for one product in both the two‐year‐old group and the ≤10 kg weight group.
Different factors govern the performance of three closely related and ecologically similarDryopterisspecies with contrastingly different abundance in a transplant experiment
Authors: Rünk Kai , Zobel Martin , Zobel Kristjan 
Published: December 2010

We conducted a transplant experiment to address aspects of the contrasting ecological performance of three forest ferns with similar habitat preferences: Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P. Fuchs (common in Estonia), Dryopteris expansa (C. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy (less common in Estonia), and Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray (rare in Estonia). Sporophytes of the three species were reciprocally planted in pots of soil in three neighbouring sites, where only (i) the most common, (ii) two more common, or (iii) all three grow naturally. The experimental design allowed the grouping of the possible limiting factors: light-related, soil-related, and effect of locale (factors associated with a particular locality but not directly related to light or soil). D. expansa (less common) was vulnerable to edaphic conditions: its performance was significantly poorer in soil from the site where it was naturally absent. D. dilatata (rare) was unaffected by soil conditions, indicating that either limited dispersal or effect of locale is responsible for its rarity. Our results indicate that even for taxonomically close and ecologically similar species, the forces that shape plants’ distribution and abundance can be markedly different.
Procambium–cambium transition during vascular meristem development inDiospyros lotus
Authors: Myśkow Elżbieta 
Published: December 2010

Trees owe their growth in girth to cambial activity that gives rise to secondary conducting tissues. Since cambium originates from the primary vascular meristem, called procambium, the main objective of the present study was to analyse the changes occurring during transition from procambium to cambium in Diospyros lotus L., characterized by the occurrence of double-storied cambium. In this species, procambium and primary vascular tissues are present only within the bud, whereas just below this level, cambium and secondary vascular tissues occur. Procambium differentiates as a continuous cylinder, which as a whole transforms into cambium during further development. Commonly used criteria distinguishing procambium and cambium — that is, the appearance of periclinal divisions, intrusive growth of meristematic cells, presence of rays, and primary versus secondary nature of derived vascular tissues — were analysed in D. lotus. All these features, however, were present in procambium, making the sharp distinction between both stages of vascular meristem based on these criteria difficult. In addition, the formation of fusiform and ray initial storeys in D. lotus was shown to appear in the third year of cambium activity and become more distinct with cambium age. The double-storied structure may result from the genetic control of cell fate and (or) the presence of epigenetic patterns determining cellular arrangement.
The Duck Pond and Boundary Cu–Zn deposits, Newfoundland: new insights into the ages of host rocks and the timing of VHMS mineralization
Authors: McNicoll Vicki , Squires Gerry , Kerr Andrew , Moore Paul 
Published: December 2010

The Duck Pond Cu–Zn–Pb–Ag–Au deposit in Newfoundland is hosted by volcanic rocks of the Cambrian Tally Pond group in the Victoria Lake supergroup. In conjunction with the nearby Boundary deposit, it contains 4.1 million tonnes of ore at 3.3% Cu, 5.7% Zn, 0.9% Pb, 59 g/t Ag, and 0.9 g/t Au. The deposits are hosted by altered felsic flows, tuffs, and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, and the sulphide ores formed in part by pervasive replacement of unconsolidated host rocks. U–Pb geochronological studies confirm a long-suspected correlation between the Duck Pond and Boundary deposits, which appear to be structurally displaced portions of a much larger mineralizing system developed at 509 ± 3 Ma. Altered aphyric flows in the immediate footwall of the Duck Pond deposit contained no zircon for dating, but footwall stringer-style and disseminated mineralization affects rocks as old as 514 ± 3 Ma at greater depths below the ore sequence. Unaltered mafic to felsic volcanic rocks that occur structurally above the orebodies were dated at 514 ± 2 Ma, and hypabyssal intrusive rocks that cut these were dated at 512 ± 2 Ma. Some felsic samples contain inherited (xenocrystic) zircons with ages of ca. 563 Ma. In conjunction with Sm–Nd isotopic data, these results suggest that the Tally Pond group was developed upon older continental or thickened arc crust, rather than in the ensimatic (oceanic) setting suggested by previous studies.
Ecological periodic tables for nekton usage of four US Pacific Northwest estuarine habitats
Authors: Ferraro Steven P. , Cole Faith A. 
Published: December 2010

We compared the species composition and abundance of the total nekton community, using the Bray–Curtis similarity coefficient, and mean total nekton, fish and crab species richness, abundance and biomass, and shrimp abundance across four intertidal habitats in a US Pacific Northwest estuary: (i) eelgrass ( Zostera marina ); (ii) burrowing mud shrimp ( Upogebia pugettensis ); (iii) burrowing ghost shrimp ( Neotrypaea californiensis ); and (iv) unvegetated sand. Field sampling was conducted during daytime high tides, and was quantitative, stratified-by-habitat, randomized, and estuary-wide. More than 10 000 nekton specimens belonging to 64 taxa were collected in 454 samples during 10 sampling periods, each approximately one-month-long (from June to November), over 3 years (1998–2000). Non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses revealed annually recurring across-habitat patterns in total nekton Bray–Curtis similarity. Two-way (habitat, year) analyses of variance revealed annually recurring across-habitat patterns on 10 indicators of nekton-habitat quality and preference. Total nekton species richness, abundance, and biomass were, respectively, on average, 8 ×, 25 ×, and 25× greater in eelgrass, 4 ×, 6 ×, and 5× greater in mud shrimp, and 2 ×, 3 ×, and 2× greater in ghost shrimp, than in sand habitat. Our findings validate the ecological relevance of our habitats to nekton, and suggest they can serve as elements in ecological periodic tables of nekton habitat usage.
The importance of freshwater feeding in mature Pacific salmon: a reply to the comment by Armstrong on “Egg consumption in mature Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.)”Appears in Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 66(9): 1546–1553.
Authors: Garner Shawn R. , Heath John W. , Neff Bryan D. 
Published: December 2010

Armstrong has questioned the biological relevance of the feeding observations that we presented in the study “Egg consumption in mature Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.)” (Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 66(9): 1546–1553). Here we discuss his arguments and show that feeding can provide substantial energetic gains, which would, for example, allow feeding salmon to maintain body condition for up to an additional 23 days. Many consequences of feeding by mature Pacific salmon remain to be explored, but our study shows that these fish do feed in fresh water and that the benefits can be substantial.
Baylis–Hillman reaction under solvent-free conditions — Remarkable rate acceleration and yield enhancement
Authors: Saikia Monmi , Sarma Jadab C. 
Published: December 2010

A simple and efficient method has been developed for remarkable rate acceleration and yield enhancement of the Baylis–Hillman reaction under solvent-free “neat conditions” and solvent-less isolation of products. Reaction of equimolar quantities of aldehyde and olefin in the presence of 20 mol% of DABCO under neat conditions affords the highest yield in most cases within the shortest reaction time, giving support to the mechanisms of proton transfer in protic and aprotic solvents. Solvent-free conditions are found to be especially fast, selective, and high yielding for aromatic aldehydes.
Spectrophotometric study of the selective binding behavior of aliphatic oligopeptides by bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin) linked by a 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl disulfide tether
Authors: Yong-Cun Yang , Shao-Ming Chi , Ming-Hua Liu , Rong Huang , Yu-Fei Wang , Bi Jing , Yan Zhao 
Published: December 2010

The conformation and binding behavior of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl disulfide bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin) (1) towards representative aliphatic oligopeptides, i.e., Leu-Gly, Gly-Leu, Glu-Glu, Met-Met, Gly-Gly, Gly-Gly-Gly, and Gly-Pro, were investigated by circular dichroism, fluorescence, and 1H and 2D NMR spectroscopy at 25 °C in phosphate buffer (pH 7.20). The results indicated that 1 acts as an efficient fluorescent sensor and displays remarkable fluorescence enhancement upon addition of optically inert oligopeptides. Owing to the cooperative host–linker–guest binding mode in which the linker and guest are coincluded in the two cyclodextrin cavities, the bis(β-cyclodextrin) 1 gives high binding constants of up to 103–104 (mol/L)–1 for oligopeptides. The bis(β-cyclodextrin) 1 can recognize not only the size and shape of oligopeptides but also the hydrophobicity, giving an exciting residue selectivity of up to 61.3 for the Gly-Leu/Glu-Glu pair. These phenomena are discussed from the viewpoints of multiple recognition and induce-fit interactions between host and guest.