bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axonopathy Is Associated with Complex Axonal Transport Defects in a Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Kreutzer Mihaela , Seehusen Frauke , Kreutzer Robert , Pringproa Kidsadagorn , Kummerfeld Maren , Claus Peter , Deschl Ulrich , Kalkul Arno , Beineke Andreas , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Ulrich Reiner 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease characterized by myelin and axonal pathology. In a viral model of MS, we tested whether axonopathy initiation and development are based on an impaired transport of neurofilaments. Spinal cords of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)‐infected and mock‐infected mice and TMEV infected neuroblastoma N1E‐115 cells were analyzed by microarray analysis, light microscopy and electron and laser confocal microscopy. In vivo axonal accumulation of non‐phosphorylated neurofilaments after TMEV infection revealed a temporal development caused by the impairments of the axonal traffic consisting of the downregulation of kinesin family member 5A, dynein cytoplasmic heavy chain 1, tau‐1 and β‐tubulin III expression. In addition, alterations of the protein metabolism were also noticed. In vitro, the TMEV‐infected N1E‐115 cells developed tandem‐repeated swellings similar to in vivo alterations. Furthermore, the hypothesis of an underlying axonal self‐destruction program involving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide depletion was supported by molecular findings. The obtained data indicate that neurofilament accumulation in TME is mainly the result of dysregulation of their axonal transport machinery and impairment of neurofilament phosphorylation and protein metabolism. The present findings allow a more precise understanding of the complex interactions responsible for initiation and development of axonopathies in inflammatory degenerative diseases.
Revisited: Walch Classification of the Glenoid in Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis
Authors: Kidder Jake F. , Rouleau Dominique M. , Defranco Michael J. , Pons-Villanueva Juan , Dynamidis Savvas 
Published: October 2011

Background Shoulder osteoarthritis is characterized by progressive wear of the joint. To grade the degree of joint deformity, the Walch classification of glenohumeral arthritis has been proposed. This classification is based on five categories (A1, A2, B1, B2, C), although its validity has been questioned. Methods The present study proposed a new classification in three categories and compared it in terms of inter- and intra-observer reliability with the complete Walch classification and regroup classification (A, B, C). Results One hundred and sixteen computed tomography scans of patients with shoulder arthritis were revised by three independent evaluators and were classified according to the three classifications. The kappa statistics were identical between the new classification and the complete Walch classification (0.87 and 0.874). The regroup Walch classification (A, B, C) demonstrated higher reliability (kappa = 0.92). Most of the disagreement between observers was observed between glenoid B1 and B2. Discussion We report the first study on the Walch classification to use a large number of patients and challenge its reliability. According to the results obtained, there is no advantage in changing the classification. Therefore, surgeons must be aware of higher risk of mistake for glenoid type B. The superiority of a classification in terms of the prediction of surgical decisions and outcome has to be determined.
Edge-Bonded Dissimilar Orthogonal Elastic Wedges Under Normal and
Shear Loading
Authors: Bogy David B. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The plane-strain and generalized plane stress problems of two materially dissimilar orthogonal elastic wedges, which are bonded together on one of their faces while arbitrary normal and shearing tractions are prescribed on their remaining faces, are treated within the theory of classical elastostatics. The asymptotic behavior of the solution in the vicinity of the intersection of the bonded and loaded planes is investigated. The stress fields are found to be singular there with singularities of the type r−α, where α depends on the ratio of the two shear moduli and on the two Poisson’s ratios. This dependence is shown graphically for physically relevant values of the elastic constants. The largest value of α for the range of constants considered is 0.311 and occurs when one material is rigid and the other is incompressible.
Continuum Theory for a Laminated Medium
Authors: Sun C.-T. , Achenbach J. D. , Herrmann George 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
A system of displacement equations of motion is presented, pertaining to a continuum theory to describe the dynamic behavior of a laminated composite. In deriving the equations, the displacements of the reinforcing layers and the matrix layers are expressed as two-term expansions about the mid-planes of the layers. Dynamic interaction of the layers is included through continuity relations at the interfaces. By means of a smoothing operation, representative kinetic and strain energy densities for the laminated medium are obtained. Subsequent application of Hamilton’s principle, where the continuity relations are included through the use of Lagrangian multipliers, yields the displacement equations of motion. The distinctive trails of the system of equations are uncovered by considering the propagation of plane harmonic waves. Dispersion curves for harmonic waves propagating parallel to and normal to the layering are presented, and compared with exact curves. The limiting phase velocities at vanishing wave numbers agree with the exact, limits. The lowest antisymmetric mode for waves propagating in the direction of the layering shows the strongest dispersion, which is very well described by the approximate theory over a substantial range of wave numbers.
An Approach to Optimum Shape Determination for a Class of Thin Shells
of Revolution
Authors: Wang Han-Chung , Worley Will J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
A method is presented for the determination of an optimum shape of a convex shell of revolution with respect to volume and weight. The technique depends on selecting a multiparameter equation and varying the parameters to achieve a near optimum shape for prescribed failure criteria. As an illustration of the method, the first quadrant of the meridian (x/a)α + (y/b)β = 1 is selected. Here a, b, α, and β are positive constants not necessarily integers, with α and β equal to or greater than unity. Variations in shape are expressed in terms of the parameters b/a, α and β. The procedure is applied to the selection of a thin shell which will fit within the space defined by a circular cylinder of radius b and length 2a. The shell is optimized, in terms of α and β, with respect to volume and weight. The numerical iteration was performed by means of a digital computer.
Dynamic Plastic Buckling of Sandwich Shells
Authors: Vaughan Henry , Lindberg H. E. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The formation of small, flexural wrinkles in the walls of a sandwich shell under uniform radial impulse is examined. A buckling criterion based on the magnifications of initial wall imperfections is used to evaluate threshold impulses. Using a given weight of material, this criterion is used to determine the optimum ratios of the inner and outer wall thicknesses for various core thicknesses. It is shown that the optimum shell for a given weight of material and outer diameter is a single-wall shell. The loss in efficiency obtained by using typical sandwich shells is about 30 percent. These results are supported by experimental evidence.
Description of a 2,683-Base-Pair Plasmid Containing
qnrD
in Two Providencia rettgeri Isolates
Authors: Guillard Thomas , Cambau Emmanuelle , Neuwirth Catherine , Nenninger Thomas , Mbadi Aurore , Brasme Lucien , Vernet-Garnier Véronique , Bajolet Odile , de Champs Christophe 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

qnr
genes are plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes mainly harbored on large conjugative multiresistant plasmids. The
qnrD
gene was recently observed in
Salmonella enterica
on a small nonconjugative plasmid (p2007057). We describe two strains of
Providencia rettgeri
harboring
qnrD
on nonconjugative plasmids. The plasmids were 99% identical, with 2,683 bp and four open reading frames, including
qnrD
, but exhibited only 53% identity with the plasmid found in
S. enterica
.
Peptide-Conjugated PAMAM Dendrimer as a Universal DNA Vaccine Platform to Target Antigen-Presenting Cells
Authors: Daftarian Pirouz , Kaifer Angel E. , Li Wei , Blomberg Bonnie B. , Frasca Daniela , Roth Felix , Chowdhury Raquibul , Berg Eric A. , Fishman Jordan B. , Al Sayegh Husain A. , Blackwelder Pat , Inverardi Luca , Perez Victor L. , Lemmon Vance , Serafini Paolo 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
DNA-based vaccines hold promise to outperform conventional antigen-based vaccines by virtue of many unique features. However, DNA vaccines have thus far fallen short of expectations, due in part to poor targeting of professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) and low immunogenicity. In this study, we describe a new platform for effective and selective delivery of DNA to APCs in vivo that offers intrinsic immune-enhancing characteristics. This platform is based on conjugation of fifth generation polyamidoamine (G5-PAMAM) dendrimers, a DNA-loading surface, with MHC class II–targeting peptides that can selectively deliver these dendrimers to APCs under conditions that enhance their immune stimulatory potency. DNA conjugated with this platform efficiently transfected murine and human APCs in vitro. Subcutaneous administration of DNA-peptide-dendrimer complexes in vivo preferentially transfected dendritic cells (DC) in the draining lymph nodes, promoted generation of high affinity T cells, and elicited rejection of established tumors. Taken together, our findings show how PAMAM dendrimer complexes can be used for high transfection efficiency and effective targeting of APCs in vivo, conferring properties essential to generate effective DNA vaccines. Cancer Res; 71(24); 7452–62. ©2011 AACR.
Reduction in Mortality in Subjects With Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia Associated With Advances in Lipid-Lowering Therapy
Authors: Raal Frederick J. , Pilcher Gillian J. , Panz Vanessa R. , van Deventer Hendrick E. , Brice Brigitte C. , Blom Dirk J. , Marais A. David 
Published: October 2011

Background—
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia is an inherited disorder caused by mutations in both low-density lipoprotein receptor alleles, which results in extremely elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and very early morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease.

Methods and Results—

To evaluate the impact of advances in lipid-lowering (predominantly statin) therapy on cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in a large cohort of patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, the records of 149 patients (81 females, 68 males) from 2 specialized lipid clinics in South Africa were evaluated retrospectively. Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia was diagnosed by confirmation of mutations in genes affecting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or by clinical criteria. A Cox proportional hazard model with time-varying exposure was used to estimate the risk of death and major adverse cardiovascular events among statin-treated patients compared with statin-naive patients. The hazard ratio for benefit from lipid therapy, calculated with the Cox proportional hazards model for the end point of death, was 0.34 (95% confidence interval 0.14–0.86;
P
=0.02), and for the end point of major adverse cardiovascular events, it was 0.49 (95% confidence interval 0.22–1.07;
P
=0.07). This occurred despite a mean reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of only 26.4% (from 15.9±3.9 to 11.7±3.4 mmol/L;
P
<0.0001) with lipid-lowering therapy.

Conclusions—
Lipid-lowering therapy is associated with delayed cardiovascular events and prolonged survival in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
Beneficial effects of using a minimal extracorporeal circulation system during coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Liu Y , Tao L , Wang X , Cui H , Chen X , Ji B 
Published: October 2011

Background: In this study, we assessed clinical results by using a minimal extracorporeal circuit (MECC) and compared it to a conventional cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) system in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures. Methods and Materials: From August to October 2006, forty consecutive patients undergoing isolated CABG procedures were randomly assigned to either a miniaturized closed circuit CPB with the Maquet-Cardiopulmonary MECC system (Group M, n=20) or to a conventional CPB system (Group C, n=20). Clinical outcomes were observed before, during and after the operation. Besides evaluating the perioperative clinical data, serial blood venous samples were obtained after induction, 30 minutes after CPB initiation, 2h, 6h, 12h, and 24h post-CPB. The focus of our study was on myocardial damage (cTnI), neutrophil and platelet counts, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and free hemoglobin. Results: Both the transfusion of packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma were significantly lower in Group M compared to Group C ( p<0.05). The levels of cTnI were lower in Group M at 2h, 6h and 12h post-CPB than in Group C ( p<0.01). The values of aPTT in Group M recovered to normal levels after surgery, but were prolonged in Group C at early post-CPB and were statistically longer than Group M at 2h, 6h, and 12h post-CPB ( p<0.05). The concentrations of free hemoglobin in Group C were higher than in Group M during and post-CPB, and there was a statistical difference at 2h post-CPB ( p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the MECC system is a safe alternative for patients who undertake extracorporeal circulation (ECC) for CABG surgery. Lower transfusion requirements and less damage to red cells may further promote the use of MECC systems, especially in higher risk patients.
A study to determine a distinct value of front end bending for a given shape factor in flat rolling
Authors: Byon S M , Lee J H , Lee Y 
Published: October 2011

We investigate front end bending (FEB) behaviours of material that usually occur during flat rolling using the shape factor, defined as the ratio of the mean contact length to the mean thickness of a material for a given roll-bite profile (that is, a non-dimensional value composed of the incoming thickness of the material, its exit thickness, and the diameter of the work roll). In this study, we demonstrate that diverse values of FEB and its slope exist for a given shape factor. To determine a distinct value of FEB and its slope for a given shape factor, we introduce an additional non-dimensional parameter, geometric factor, defined as the ratio of the work roll radius to the incoming material thickness. It has been found that the geometric factor is much more sensitive to FEB behaviour than the shape factor. If one uses the shape factor and geometric factor together, a distinct value of FEB and its slope can be determined no matter what type of roll-bite profile is used in the flat rolling process.
Mice with ribosomal protein S19 deficiency develop bone marrow failure and symptoms like patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia
Authors: Jaako Pekka , Flygare Johan , Olsson Karin , Quere Ronan , Ehinger Mats , Henson Adrianna , Ellis Steven , Schambach Axel , Baum Christopher , Richter Johan , Larsson Jonas , Bryder David , Karlsson Stefan 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital erythroid hypoplasia caused by a functional haploinsufficiency of genes encoding for ribosomal proteins. Among these genes, ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19) is mutated most frequently. Generation of animal models for diseases like DBA is challenging because the phenotype is highly dependent on the level of RPS19 down-regulation. We report the generation of mouse models for RPS19-deficient DBA using transgenic RNA interference that allows an inducible and graded down-regulation of Rps19. Rps19-deficient mice develop a macrocytic anemia together with leukocytopenia and variable platelet count that with time leads to the exhaustion of hematopoietic stem cells and bone marrow failure. Both RPS19 gene transfer and the loss of p53 rescue the DBA phenotype implying the potential of the models for testing novel therapies. This study demonstrates the feasibility of transgenic RNA interference to generate mouse models for human diseases caused by haploinsufficient expression of a gene.
Association of genetic variants in chromosome 17q21 and adult-onset asthma in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Qiu Rongfang , Zhao Hailing , Wang Aihua , Gong Yaoqin , Liu Qiji 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Genome-wide association studies of asthma have identified a novel region containing ORMDL3 at chromosome 17q21 that is strongly associated with childhood-onset asthma and significantly linked to ORMDL3 transcript abundance. These results have been successfully replicated in childhood-onset asthma cohorts in several ethnic groups. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in ORMDL3, GSDMB, ZPBP2 and IKZF3 and adult-onset asthma in a Chinese Han population.

Methods
We genotyped 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at chromosome 17q21 in 1,366 Han Chinese people comprising 710 patients with adult-onset asthma and 656 healthy controls. We compared the 2 groups in terms of allele and haplotype frequencies. Transcript levels were measured in leukocytes from 61 asthma patients by quantitative real-time PCR.

Results
We found the 5 SNPs significantly associated with asthma (P<0.05), of which 2, rs11557467 and rs9303277, were strongly associated (P<0.001). Subjects carrying the G allele of rs11557467 or the C allele of rs9303277 showed increased risk of asthma (odds ratio [OR] 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.07-1.51, P = 0.006, and OR 1.27, 1.07-1.49, P = 0.005, respectively), even after adjusting for age and sex. The risk of asthma was lower for carriers of the haplotype CTGTT (OR 0.81, 0.67-0.97, P = 0.02). The risk allele for each SNP was associated with increased expression of ORMDL3 and GSDMB in leukocytes (all p<0.05).

Conclusions
Our replication study suggests that variants in 17q21 are significantly associated with risk of adult-onset asthma and gene expression in a Chinese Han population.
Grammatical profiles and the interaction of the lexicon with aspect, tense, and mood in Russian
Authors: Janda Laura A. , Lyashevskaya Olga 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
We propose the “grammatical profile” as a means of probing the aspectual behavior of verbs. A grammatical profile is the relative frequency distribution of the inflected forms of a word in a corpus. The grammatical profiles of Russian verbs provide data on two crucial issues: a) the overall relationship between perfective and imperfective verbs and b) the identification of verbs that characterize various intersections of aspect, tense and mood (TAM) with lexical classes. There is a long-standing debate over whether Russian aspectual “pairs” are formed only via suffixation (the Isacenko hypothesis) or whether they are formed via both suffixation and prefixation (the traditional view). We test the Isacenko hypothesis using data on the corpus frequency of inflected forms of verbs. We find that the behavior of perfective and imperfective verbs is the same regardless of whether the aspectual relationship is marked by prefixes or suffixes; our finding thus supports the traditional view.
Introspective descriptions of Russian aspect have often connected the use of particular inflectional forms with certain uses of aspect; for example, the use of imperative forms with the imperfective aspect to produce expressions that are very polite. Grammatical profiles make it possible to identify verbs that behave as outliers, presenting unusually large proportions of usage in parts of the paradigm. This analysis both gives substance to and extends previous introspective descriptions by identifying the verbs most involved in certain TAM-category interactions. On a methodological level, this study contributes to current discussions on the use of inflected forms vs. lemmas in corpus studies. Newman (Aiming low in linguistics: Low-level generalizations in corpus-based research: National Chiao Tung University, 2008) finds valuable information at the level of the inflectional form, and Gries (forthcoming) argues that inflectional forms do not necessarily provide a better basis for analysis than lemmas. We agree with them that the appropriate level of granularity is determined by both the language and the linguistic phenomenon under analysis.
Clinical Impact of RT-PCR for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Infections: A Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Wishaupt Jérôme O. , Russcher Anne , Smeets Leo C. , Versteegh Florens G. A. , Hartwig Nico G. 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE:
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing is a quick sensitive method for detecting respiratory pathogens. We evaluated the diagnostic yield of RT-PCR assays and measured the effect of rapid reporting on patient care.

METHODS:
In a controlled clinical trial, nasal wash specimens were obtained from patients &lt;12 years of age with suspected acute respiratory infections. In addition to the standard hospital protocol, RT-PCR assays for 17 pathogens were performed. The RT-PCR results were communicated to the clinicians within 12 to 36 hours in the intervention group and after 4 weeks in the control group.

RESULTS:
A total of 583 patients were included (mean age: 8.1 months [range: 0–107.5 months]): 298 in the intervention group and 285 in the control group. Eighty-two percent of nasal wash specimens tested positive for ≥1 pathogen. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most frequently encountered (55%) pathogen. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to hospital admissions (intervention group: 223 admissions; control group: 211 admissions; P = .825), length of hospital stay (mean ± SD: 3.68 ± 2.68 days [intervention group] and 3.96 ± 2.67 days [control group]; P = .178), or duration of antibiotic use (mean ± SD: 6.52 ± 2.15 days [intervention group] and 6.97 ± 2.86 days [control group]; P = .490), when antibiotic treatment had been initiated.

CONCLUSIONS:
RT-PCR testing has a high yield of viral diagnoses, but rapid communication does not lead to decreases in hospital admissions, shorter hospital stays, or less antibiotic use for children with acute respiratory infections.