bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of breed on performance and meat quality of first parity sows in a seasonal organic rearing system
Authors: Kongsted Anne G , Claudi‐Magnussen Chris , Hermansen John E , Horsted Klaus , Andersen Bent H 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The objective was to compare the performance and meat quality of two different pig breeds: the modern crossbred Landrace × Yorkshire (LY) and the traditional Danish Black‐Spotted (BS) breed. The LY gilts and four of the BS gilts were inseminated with semen from Duroc (D) boars; the remaining BS gilts were served by BS boars. The experiment was performed on 26 gilts over 2 years.RESULTS: The BS breed in general had smaller litter sizes and weaned on average in terms of kg piglet 35% less than the modern breed combination. Crossbred piglets of BS × D had growth rates from birth to weaning comparable with piglets of LY × D. BS first parity sows were significantly fatter and less meaty, and the meat was significantly redder and darker compared to LY. The sensory profiling revealed increased sweetness, crumbliness and tenderness in BS. Further, the fat of the BS breed seemed to be characterized by a special nutty taste.CONCLUSION: The traditional breed has lower productivity and thereby higher costs of production compared to the modern genotypes. On the other hand, the meat and fat of the traditional purebred have special characteristics that might trigger a market premium. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
The use of high‐performance liquid chromatography to detect ochratoxin A in dried figs from the Spanish market
Authors: Pavón Miguel Ángel , González Isabel , de la Cruz Silvia , Martín Rosario , Lacarra Teresa García 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Detection and quantification of ochratoxin A (OTA) in dried fig samples purchased in Spain has been carried out using high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after extraction with methanol and sodium bicarbonate, and clean‐up by using an immunoaffinity column.RESULTS: The detection limit of the method was 0.06 ng g−1, and the limit of quantification 0.18 ng g−1. OTA was detected in 31 (88.6%) out of 35 samples of dried figs analysed, with concentrations that ranged from < 0.1 to 277 ng g−1. However, only three samples contained OTA concentrations above the tolerable level set by European Commission regulations for dried vine fruits (10 ng g−1).CONCLUSION: The results of this survey show the value of monitoring OTA in dried figs especially if they are home grown. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Benefits of β‐xylanase for wheat biomass conversion to bioethanol
Authors: Juodeikiene Grazina , Basinskiene Loreta , Vidmantiene Daiva , Makaravicius Tomas , Bartkiene Elena 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The efficiency of bioethanol production from wheat biomass is related to the quality of end products as well as to safety criteria of co‐products such as distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The inclusion of a new biocatalyst for non‐starch polysaccharide degradation in fermentation processes could be one of the solutions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of β‐xylanases in combination with traditional amylolytic enzymes on the efficiency of bioethanol production and DON detoxification during fermentation of Fusarium‐contaminated wheat biomass with high concentration of deoxynivalenol (DON; 3.95 mg kg−1).RESULTS: The results showed that the negative effect of Fusarium spp. on yield and quality of bioethanol could be eliminated by the application of Trichoderma reesei xylanase in combination with amylolytic enzymes. This technological solution allowed to increase the concentration of ethanol in the fermented wort by 35.3% and to improve the quality of bioethanol by decreasing the concentrations of methanol, methyl acetate, isoamyl and isobutyl alcohols. Mass balance calculations showed that DDGS was the main source of DON contamination, comprising 74% of toxin found in wheat biomass. By using new enzyme combination for wheat biomass saccharification, a higher level of detoxification (41%) of DON was achieved during the fermentation process.CONCLUSION: The addition of Trichoderma reesei xylanase played a positive role in bioethanol production from Fusarium‐contaminated wheat biomass, indicating that the yeast‐growing medium was enriched during the enzymatic treatment. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Als Werkzeug voll etabliert
Authors: Richer Thomas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFraglos beherrscht der Laser heute die Druckvorstufe als Produktionsmittel. Er hat zusammen mit der Digitalisierung und der Automatisierung das Herstellen der Druckformen in den letzten 15 Jahren revolutioniert. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Rahmenbedingungen für die Erfolgsgeschichte des Lasers, über die eingesetzten Verfahren und aktuellen Entwicklungen sowie über zukünftige Trends und Anforderungen.
Drei in einem Kopf
Authors: Petring Dirk , Schneider Frank , Dickler Harald 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBei der Herstellung von Blechbaugruppen lassen sich durch die Integration von mehreren Laserverfahren in einer Maschine unproduktive Nebenzeiten senken und die produzierbare Variantenvielfalt erhöhen. Ein Laserkombikopf, der schneiden, messen und schweißen kann, macht dies möglich. Denn was man nicht im Kopf hat …
Qualitätssicherung bei Laserschweißprozessen
Authors: Blug Andreas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEine CNN‐basierte Kamera ermöglicht so hohe Bildraten und kurze Latenzzeiten, dass innerhalb der Reaktionszeit des Schweißprozesses eine statistische Analyse durchgeführt und die Laserleistung entsprechend angepasst werden kann. Auf diese Weise gelang es erstmals, die Einschweißtiefe in das Unterblech zu regeln. Dies ermöglicht einerseits Schweißnähte im Sichtbereich und es verringert andererseits die Korrosion bei verzinkten Stahlblechen.
Der Röntgenblick ins Innerste des Prozesses
Authors: Abt Felix 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAm Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge der Universität Stuttgart wurde eine Röntgenanlage in Betrieb genommen mit der es erstmals in Europa möglich ist, laserbasierte Fertigungsverfahren, wie das Laserschweißen, mit hoher örtlicher und zeitlicher Auflösung in ihrem Innersten zu beobachten. Mit dieser Technologie ist es nun möglich, die Abläufe der Laserbearbeitungsprozesse direkt zu analysieren, was unschätzbare Vorteile gegenüber der Prozessdiagnostik mit konventionellen Kameras bietet.
The failure of immunosuppression withdrawal: Patient benefit is not detectable, inducible, or reproducible
Authors: Porrett Paige , Shaked Abraham 
Published: July 2011

Key Points
(1) Immunosuppression is responsible for excellent patient outcomes.
(2) Immunosuppression withdrawal fails in most patients.
(3) Patients who may benefit from immunosuppression withdrawal cannot currently be identified.
(4) No data suggest that immunosuppression withdrawal decreases patient morbidity (ie, nephrotoxicity).
(5) The minimization of immunosuppression instead of withdrawal may be adequate for improving patient outcomes.
Infections in immunocompromised hosts and organ transplant recipients: Essentials
Authors: Fishman Jay A. 
Published: July 2011

Key Points
(1) Why do we need to know anything about these patients? Regardless of their specialties, physicians are increasingly confronted with the side effects of therapies that cause varying degrees of immunosuppression: chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation for cancer, solid organ transplantation, and therapies for autoimmune and rheumatological diseases. The management of these patients is increasingly being returned to community-based physicians. The infectious disease clinician is faced with major challenges.
(2) The possible etiologies of infections are diverse; they range from common bacterial and viral pathogens that affect the entire community to opportunistic pathogens that are clinically significant only for immunocompromised hosts.
(3) Inflammatory responses are impaired by immunosuppressive therapy, and this results in diminished clinical and radiological findings. Thus, an early diagnosis is much more difficult, but it is the key to successful therapy. Invasive diagnostic procedures are often required.
(4) Antimicrobial therapies are often more complex in these patients versus other patients because of the urgency of empiric therapy and the frequency of drug toxicity and drug interactions.
(5) Drug interactions and drug toxicity are common. The initiation or cessation of antimicrobial therapies may alter the levels of calcineurin inhibitors, antifungal agents, and other drugs.
(6) Graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease may be confused with infections.
(7) New pathogens and new manifestations of infections in compromised hosts are also problems:
Polyester/Poly(meth)acrylate Block Copolymers by Combined Polycondensation/ATRP: Characterization and Properties
Authors: Chatterjee Uma , Wang Xiaojiang , Jewrajka Suresh K. , Soucek Mark D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPolyester/poly(meth)acrylate block copolymers are synthesized using a combination of polycondensation and ATRP. All block copolymers are characterized by means of NMR and GPC. Agreement between theoretical molecular weights of the polymers with observed GPC values suggests controlled polymerization. In the case of unsaturated‐polyester‐based block copolymers the main chain double bond in the polyester backbone remains almost unaffected during ATRP. The unsaturated block copolymers are crosslinkable and can form networks upon photoirradiation in the presence of a suitable photoinitiator. These copolymers might be interesting candidates for coatings with better overall properties than those based on neat polyesters.magnified image
Determining Decision Values of Context Awareness in Ubiquitous Computing Environments
Authors: Mowafi Yaser A , Forgionne Guisseppi 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTResearch on context‐aware computing has been focusing on the technology aspect of context acquisition and interpretation of users' surrounding environment or physical context. There is no operational mechanism for integrating context awareness that is driven by user context such as users' ongoing activities and tasks. Although the necessity of integration of sensed context data with users' intent of conduct has been recognized by many researchers, it has never been empirically investigated. Using Analytic Hierarchy Process, we propose an integrated and comprehensive approach that takes into consideration both user and physical context in defining overall context awareness value. The approach is tested using secondary data of user activities in various situations and surrounding environment scenarios. The results suggest several preliminary guidelines for determining representative measures of user and physical context approaches in the design and evaluation of context‐aware systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response of mouse brain perfusion to hypo‐ and hyperventilation measured by arterial spin labeling
Authors: Oosterlinck W. Wouter , Dresselaers T. , Geldhof V. , Van Santvoort A. , Robberecht W. , Herijgers P. , Himmelreich U. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe aimed to setup a noninvasive and well‐controlled methodology for evaluation of the cerebrovascular response in mice (C57BL/6J; 12 weeks). Therefore we applied a normo‐, hypo‐, and hyperventilation paradigm combined with arterial spin labeling and monitoring of the expired CO2 (expCO2) (n = 7) or arterial pCO2 (apCO2) (n = 12). Reducing the tidal volume by 25% and the respiratory rate by 20% resulted in hypercapnia (apCO2 from 33 ± 6 mmHg to 64 ± 16 mmHg). Increasing the respiratory rate by 25% and the tidal volume by 20% decreased apCO2 to 22 ± 5 mmHg. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was 82 ± 21, 163 ± 41 and 64 ± 18 mL/100 g/min during normo, hypo‐, and hyperventilation, respectively (midbrain). The correlation of apCO2 and CBF levels resulted in a cerebrovascular response of 2.7 ± 0.3, 2.1 ± 0.3, 2.1 ± 0.3, and 3.7 ± 0.5 mL/100 g/min/mmHg for midbrain, cortex, hippocampus and thalamus, respectively. As expCO2 levels were correlated with apCO2 (r2 = 0.86; n = 4) and CBF (r2 = 0.67) a cerebrovascular response based on simultaneously recorded CBF and expCO2 levels could be derived (3.3 ± 0.5, 2.5 ± 0.4, 3.0 ± 0.4, and 4.5 ± 0.6 mL/100 g/min/mmHg; order as above). A cross‐over experiment resulted in similar responses. In conclusion, this protocol allows evaluating basal CBF and cerebrovascular response in mice under well‐controlled conditions by simply changing ventilator settings and correlating CBF with apCO2 and/or simultaneously obtained expCO2. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of the lead structure in MRI‐induced heating: In vitro measurements on 30 commercial pacemaker/defibrillator leads
Authors: Mattei Eugenio , Calcagnini Giovanni , Censi Federica , Triventi Michele , Bartolini Pietro 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMRI‐induced heating on endocardial leads is a serious concern for the safety of patients with implantable pacemakers or cardioverter‐defibrillator. The lead heating depends on many factors and its amount is largely variable. In this study, we investigated the role of those structural properties of the lead that are reported on the accompanying documents of the device: (1) fixation modality (active vs. passive); (2) number of electrodes (unipolar vs. bipolar); (3) length; (4) tip surface; and (5) tip and ring resistance. In vitro temperature and specific absorption rate measurements on 30 leads (27 pacemakers, three implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator leads) exposed to the radiofrequency field typical of a 1.5 T MRI scanner are presented. The data show that each lead has its own attitude to radiofrequency‐induced heating and that the information that is available in the accompanying documents of the pacemaker is not sufficient to explain such attitude. Even if combined with that of the implant geometry, this information is still not sufficient to estimate the amount of heating due to the exposure to the radiofrequency field during MRI examination. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iterative optimization method for design of quantitative magnetization transfer imaging experiments
Authors: Levesque Ives R. , Sled John G. , Pike G. Bruce 
Published: July 2011

AbstractQuantitative magnetization transfer imaging (QMTI) using spoiled gradient echo sequences with pulsed off‐resonance saturation can be a time‐consuming technique. A method is presented for selection of an optimum experimental design for quantitative magnetization transfer imaging based on the iterative reduction of a discrete sampling of theZ‐spectrum. The applicability of the technique is demonstrated for human brain white matter imaging at 1.5 T and 3 T, and optimal designs are produced to target specific model parameters. The optimal number of measurements and the signal‐to‐noise ratio required for stable parameter estimation are also investigated. In vivo imaging results demonstrate that this optimal design approach substantially improves parameter map quality. The iterative method presented here provides an advantage over free form optimal design methods, in that pragmatic design constraints are readily incorporated. In particular, the presented method avoids clustering and repeated measures in the final experimental design, an attractive feature for the purpose of magnetization transfer model validation. The iterative optimal design technique is general and can be applied to any method of quantitative magnetization transfer imaging. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of sodium and diffusion in rat glioma at 21.1 T
Authors: Schepkin Victor D. , Bejarano Fabian Calixto , Morgan Thomas , Gower‐Winter Shannon , Ozambela Manuel , Levenson Cathy W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSodium and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in intracranial rat 9L gliomas were evaluated over 6–8 days using the advanced sensitivity of sodium MRI at 21.1 T. Glioma doubling time was 2.4–2.6 days. Glioma sodium signal was detected using the ultra‐short echo time of 0.15 ms. The high resolution 3D sodium MRI with pixels of 0.125 μL allowed for minimizing a partial volume effect often relevant to the MRI of low intensity signals. Tumor sodium and diffusion MRI were evaluated for two separate subclones of 9L cells with different resistance to 1,3‐bis(2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐nitrosurea detected by pre‐surgery assays. In vivo, after implantation, resistant 9L cells created tumors with significantly reduced sodium concentrations (57 ± 3 mM) compared with nonresistant 9L cells (78 ± 3 mM). The corresponding differences in diffusion were less, but also statistically significant. During tumor progression, an increase of glioma sodium concentration was observed in both cell types with a rate of 2.4–5.8 %/day relative to normal brain. Tumor diffusion was not significantly changed at this time, indicative of no alterations in glioma cellularity. Thus, changes in sodium during tumor progression reflect increasing intracellular sodium concentration and mounting metabolic stress. These experiments also demonstrate an enhanced sensitivity of sodium MRI to reflect tumor cell resistance. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of transverse relaxation times of J‐coupled metabolites in the human visual cortex at 4 T
Authors: Deelchand Dinesh Kumar , Henry Pierre‐Gilles , Uǧurbil Kâmil , Marjańska Małgorzata 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAccurate quantification of 1H NMR spectra often requires knowledge of the relaxation times to correct for signal losses due to relaxation and saturation. In human brain, T2 values for singlets such as N‐acetylaspartate, creatine, and choline have been reported, but few T2 values are available for J‐coupled spin systems. The purpose of this study was to measure the T2 relaxation times of J‐coupled metabolites in the human occipital lobe using the LASER sequence. Spectra were acquired at multiple echo times and were analyzed with an LCModel using basis sets simulated at each echo time. Separate basis spectra were used for resonances of protons belonging to the same molecule but having very different T2 values (e.g., two separate basis spectra were used for the singlet and multiplet signal in N‐acetylaspartate). The T2 values for the N‐acetylaspartate multiplet (149 ± 12 ms), glutamate (125 ± 10 ms), myo‐inositol (139 ± 20 ms), and taurine (196 ± 28 ms) were successfully measured in the human visual cortex at 4 T. These measured T2 relaxation times have enabled the accurate and absolute quantification of cerebral metabolites at longer echo times. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Delirium in Older Adults
Authors: Popeo Dennis M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDelirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome in the elderly that can occur in several different settings caused by several different processes. It is common and causes increased morbidity and mortality to those affected. This clinical review discusses the prediction, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of delirium in the elderly population. Several strategies to predict delirium are noted with the discussion of pharmacological and nonpharmacological trials of prevention and treatment. Diagnosis of delirium, specifically with the use of objective instruments, is discussed, as is the evidence for pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment strategies. Discussion of the neurobiology and genetic markers for delirium may elucidate further areas for future research. Mt Sinai J Med 78:571–582, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Urinary Incontinence in Older Adults
Authors: Vaughan Camille P. , Goode Patricia S. , Burgio Kathryn L. , Markland Alayne D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractUrinary incontinence is a common problem among older women and men, has a significant negative impact on quality of life, and may be costly to treat. Older women experience higher rates of urinary incontinence than older men. The causes and types of urinary incontinence also differ among older women and men. Often, older adults are reluctant to seek treatment, and healthcare providers should inquire about symptoms. Detection of urinary incontinence and determination of severity and related symptoms is important for evaluation and treatment. Urinary incontinence can be evaluated and initially treated by primary‐care providers. Evaluation for urinary incontinence involves a focused history, physical examination, a urinalysis, and measurement of postvoid residual volume, if indicated. Office‐based treatments include behavioral approaches and medications. Older adults may also consider surgical options and devices to improve urinary incontinence. Older adults with cognitive impairment and incontinence require diagnostic and treatment modifications, but may respond well to treatment. Mt Sinai J Med 78:558–570, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Prescribing for Older Adults
Authors: Boparai Manpreet K. , Korc‐Grodzicki Beatriz 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPharmacotherapy of the elderly is very complex due to age‐related physiologic changes, multiple comorbidities, multiple medications (prescription, over‐the counter, and herbal), and multiple providers (prescribers and pharmacies). Age‐related physiologic changes and disease‐related changes in organ function affect drug handling (pharmacokinetics) and response (pharmacodynamics). In addition, patients' cognitive impairment, functional difficulties, as well as caregiver issues play a large role in errors and compliance. Many older adults have several chronic conditions, and they stand to benefit the most from best practice guidelines. However, they are also at risk of toxicity given our increasingly complex pharmacopoeia and potential adverse effects that can cause morbidity and mortality. It is imperative that physicians learn how to minimize side effects and interactions. Potentially inappropriate medications (medications that pose more risk than benefit to the patient) are among the most important causes of adverse drug reactions, independent of the number of medications and other confounding factors. Many of these adverse drug reactions could be predicted from the known pharmacology of the drug and therefore could be potentially avoidable. To prescribe appropriately, we need to consider not only the pharmacological properties of the drugs, but also clinical, epidemiological, social, cultural, and economic factors. Elders' adherence to prescribed medications is also complex and depends on medical, personal, and economic factors; cognitive status; and relationship with the physician. Detection of nonadherence is a necessary prerequisite for adequate treatment, and patient education is a cornerstone in achieving medication adherence. Finally, appropriate prescribing should include a consideration of life expectancy and goals of care. Mt Sinai J Med 78:613–626, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Alzheimer's Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment Across the Spectrum of Disease Severity
Authors: Neugroschl Judith , Wang Sophia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAlzheimer's disease exists along a spectrum, from early memory changes to functional dependence and death. Using a case illustration, we review the evaluation and diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease at each stage, including the management of both cognitive and behavioral/psychiatric aspects of the disease and end‐stage and end‐of‐life care. Mt Sinai J Med 78:596–612, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine