bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Determination of Insulin in Dogs
Authors: HØIER R. , JENSEN A.L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique for the determination of insulin in canine plasma samples. The test kit Enzymun‐Test®(Boehringer Mannheim)for determination of human insulin was used in connection with the analyzer system Enzymum‐Test®(Boehringer Mannheim)System ES‐33. The assay protocol suggested by the manufacturer was slightly modified by including an additional standard having a concentration within the canine reference range for insulin. Further, the incubation period for the immunoreaction and the enzymeassay was increased to 150 minutes and 90 minutes, respectively. When using the modified assay the concentration of insulin in canine plasma samples could be accurately and precisely determined with the exception, that the assay appeared to be somewhat imprecise (intraassay coefficient of variation being 22%) when lipaemic plasma samples were analysed.A slight overestimation of the actual concentrations (28%) was observed, but the measured concentrations of insulin in plasma samples from normal dogs compared favourable to those reported in literature. Eventually, a model for introduction of a species specific reference is discussed.
Feeding of Rapeseed Presscake Meal to Pigs: Effects on Thyroid Morphology and Function and on Thyroid Hormone Blood Levels, on Liver and on Growth Performance*
Authors: SPIEGEL C. , BESTETTI G. , ROSSI G. , BLUM J.W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEffects of feeding soybean meal (SBM) or a mixture of SBM and 5%, 10% and 15% of either 0‐ and 00‐rapeseed presscake meal (RPM) on thyroid, liver and growth performance were studied in castrated boars. Goitrin (G) intake was closely correlated with total glucosinolate intake and blood thiocyanate concentration. In pigs fed 10% and 15% 0‐RPM refused feed was enhanced and daily gain decreased. Liver weight and DNA/total liver increased with increasing G intake. Thyroid weights increased up to a G intake of 4.6 mmol/d and then decreased with higher G intake. DNA content/g dry matter (DM) increased continuously and total thyroidal DNA content up to a G intake of 4.6mmol/l, indicating hyperplasia. Epithelial thickness increased up to a G intake of 13.3 mmol/d, whereas follicular area only up to an intake of 4.6 mmol G/d and then decreased, mirrored by a decrease of DM content. Thyroidal thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) content decreased with increasing G intake. Blood serum levels of T4 decreased with increasing G intake, whereas T3 levels only tended to decrease. Therefore, measured parameters differently reacted to different G intake. In groups fed high amounts of G, hyperplasia was not sufficient to maintain physiological circulating T4 levels, but enhanced thyroidal secretion T3 and/or extrathyreoidal T4 to T3 conversion obviously allowed maintenance of near normal circulating T3 concentrations and barely reduced growth rate despite marked hypothyroidism.
Normal Electro‐ and Vectocardiographic Data in the Growing Friesian Calf Using a Semi‐Orthogonal Lead System
Authors: AMORY H. , GENICOT B. , ROLLIN F. , BEDUIN J.‐M. , LEKEUX P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study derives normal values for electro‐ and vectocardiographic parameters, as generated by the Holmes semi‐orthogonal lead system, in healthy growing calves.Sixty‐four electrocardiograms were recorded from healthy Friesian calves aged from one week to one year. Waveform and duration were analysed and compared in the X‐, Y‐ and Z‐leads. The modal P, QRS and T tridimensional vectors were graphically constructed and their magnitude and orientation were calculated.The duration of waves and intervals were similar to data previously reported in the bovine species. Differences from data reported in other species were attributed to heart rate. The duration of waves and QT and ST intervals significantly lengthened with the decrease in heart rate which occurred during growth. PR interval significantly lengthened with physical maturation, and this change was independent of the decrease in heart rate. The magnitude and the orientation of the spatial modal vectors were approximately similar to the few data previously reported in cattle and in other ungulates and were not affected by somatic growth.
Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Incorporation in Fat and Muscle Tissues of Growing Pigs, Fed Supplements of Fish Oil
Authors: TAUGBØL O. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFifteen pigs from two litters of Norwegian Landrace were divided into three groups of five animals. The pigs were fed individually the same basic diet for 64 days, one group serving as control, the two other groups receiving daily supplements of 5 and 20 g fish oil, respectively.Biopsies were taken from subcutaneous fat and muscle tissues on day 0, 3, 8, 16 and 32. Samples were also collected from animals slaughtered on days 64 and 78.In fat tissue from pigs given a daily dose of 20 g fish oil containing 30% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as triglycerides, the concentrations of EPA and DHA were significantly increased above the levels in the control animals over the 32 days period. Unexpectedly, there was also a significant increase in docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), in spite of the very low level of this fatty acid in the fish oil. In fat tissue from pigs given 5 g fish oil the contents of EPA and DPA were significantly increased.Also in muscle tissue from pigs given a daily dose of 20 g fish oil, the concentration of EPA, DPA and DHA were significantly elevated above the level of the control group over the 32 days period. In muscle tissue from pigs given 5 g fish oil only the contents of EPA were significantly increased.There was a positive correlation between the dose of fish oil and the concentrations of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in both fat and muscle tissues.In fat tissue the 20 g dose of fish oil caused a clear increase above control levels of EPA already after 3 days, in DPA and DHA after 8 days.
Periparturient Concentrations of Insulin Glucagon and Ketone Bodies in Dairy Cows Fed Two Different Levels of Nutrition and Varying Concentrate/Roughage Ratios
Authors: HOLTENIUS P. , OLSSON GUN , BJÖRKMAN CAMILLA 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHigh producing multiparous dairy cows were fed either diets differing in energy content or diets with identical energy and protein content but differing in roughage content at the end of the dry period and beginning of lactation. Basal insulin and ketone bodies were analysed every week from 3 weeks before to 7 weeks after calving. Pancreatic glucagon was estimated 3 weeks before, 1–3 days after, and 3 weeks after calving.Before calving the feeding regimen had a very strong influence on the basal insulin level. High amounts of concentrate increased basal insulin levels until one week before calving and caused an interruption in the physiological decreasing course. After calving the insulin levels were low in all groups of cows.Before calving there were small variations in the glucagon levels, and no influence of feeding was observed. After calving there was a strong increase, especially in the cows fed the highest amounts of concentrate.Feeding high amounts of concentrate resulted in varying and in many cases increased levels of ketone bodies in plasma. Hyperketonemic cows had lower insulin and higher glucagon levels than normal cows. The influence of non‐structural carbohydrates in the feed on pancreatic hormones as a cause of ketogenesis is discussed.
Einfluß von Lagerungstemperatur und ‐dauer sowie des Probenausgangsmaterials auf LDH‐Isoenzymaktivität und Eiweißfraktionen in Pferdeblut
Authors: LINDNER A. , HATZIPANAGIOTOU A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEffect of Temperature, Duration of Storage and Sample Material on LDH‐Isoenzyme Activity and Protein Fractions in Equine BloodThe LDH‐isoenzyme activities and the concentration of protein fractions did not differ among heparinized plasma and serum samples of horses. In heparinized plasma samples stored at 20–22 °C and −18 °C the LDH‐isoenzyme activities and the content of the protein fractions remained constant within seven days. In contrast in heparinized blood samples the total LDH activity increased markedly after seven days of storage. This increase was shared by all LDH‐isoenzymes but to different extents. While the share of LDH1, LDH2and LDH3decreased, the proportions of LDH4and LDH5increased. The concentration of the protein fractions in heparinized blood samples was not affected by storage at 20–22 °C for seven days.DanksagungDie Autoren danken Herrn UWE RADKE für seine Unterstützung.ZusammenfassungZwischen Na‐Heparinat‐Plasma‐ und Serumproben waren keine Unterschiede bei den LDH‐Isoenzymaktivitäten und Eiweißfraktionsgehalte feststellbar.Innerhalb von sieben Tagen änderten sich die LDH‐Isoenzymaktivitäten und Eiweißfraktionsgehalte in bei 20–22 °C und −18 °C gelagerten Na‐Heparinat‐Plasmaproben nicht bedeutend. Dagegen nahm die Gesamt‐LDH‐Aktivität in bei 20–22 °C gelagerten Na‐Heparinat‐Vollblutproben innerhalb von 7 Tagen deutlich zu. An der Gesamt‐LDH‐Aktivitätszunahme beteiligten sich schon nach einem Tag Lagerung alle LDH‐Isoenzyme aber in unterschiedlichen Ausmaßen. Während von LDH1, LDH2sowie LDH3die Anteile an der Gesamt‐LDH‐Aktivität dabei abnahmen, stiegen sie von LDH4und LDH5an. Die Eiweißfraktionsgehalte änderten sich während der sieben Tage langen Lagerung von Na‐Heparinat‐Vollblutproben bei 20–22 °C nicht.
Biochemical Variation of Blood Proteins in Race Hounds
Authors: SCHERER KIRA , KLUGE R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn the present study biochemical polymorphisms were investigated in blood of different race hounds and compared to those of other dog breeds.Twenty‐three proteins were separated electrophoretically in starch gel and Polyacrylamide gel respectively. For 9 proteins genetic variants could be assured: postalbumin‐1 (PA‐1), postalbumin‐3 (PA‐3), transferrin (TRF), plasma esterase (ES), leucine arylaminopeptidase (LAP), haptoglobin (HP), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), superoxide dismutase (SOD), albumin (ALB).The already known HP polymorphism was analyzed and described in more detail. In addition, a sex independent variation was found for the GPD.
Efficiency of 5‐Hydroxytryptamine Receptor Blockade as Therapeutic Measure During Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Double‐Muscled Cattle
Authors: GENICOT B. , MOULIGNEAU F. , LINDSEY J.K. , LAMBERT P. , CLOSE R. , LEKEUX P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDuring this investigation, which involved 58 Belgian White and Blue double‐muscled calves affected by a naturally occurring Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, the clinical efficiency of a 5‐HT2receptor blockade with metrenperone (group A) was compared to the efficiency of a nonsteroidal (flunixine meglumine — group B) and a steroidal (prednisolone sodium succinate — group C) antiinflammatory drug. Each animal of this trial was treated with ceftiofur sodium as antimicrobial agent.A clinical score and a breathing score were calculated at each step of the investigation period, i. e. before (T0) and 1 hour (T1), 12 hours (H), 24H, 48H and 168H (T3) after the first treatment, the interval 12H–48H being considered as period T2. Three clinical parameters were also taken into account separately: rectal and peripheral temperatures and heart rate.A significant improvement of the clinical score was registered at T2 in group A and at T3 in groups A and B, while this score did not significantly change in group C. In group A, the breathing score was significantly improved at T2 and T3, but not in groups B and C.Peripheral and rectal temperatures recorded at T1 were, in group A, significantly increased and decreased respectively, but not significantly changed in groups B and C.The proportions requiring change of treatment during the investigation period were significantly (P = 0.022) different in the three groups, being 5.6, 21.4 and 50.0% in groups A, B and C respectively.In conclusion, compared with flunixine meglumine and prednisolone sodium succinate, metrenperone significantly reduced the proportion requiring treatment change in double‐muscled calves affected by a naturally occurring Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Furthermore, the respiratory and clinical status of the animals subjected to such a 5‐HT2receptor blockade improved more quickly.
The Relationships Between Seasonal Variations in the Concentration of Urea in Bulk Milk and the Production and Fertility of Dairy Herds
Authors: CARLSSON J. , PEHRSON B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe concentration of urea was measured in bulk milk samples taken on seven occasions during a period of 13 months from 1,658–1,815 of the 2,100 suppliers of milk to a dairy. The mean concentration of urea was significantly higher when the cows were grazing than when they were housed, but there were no significant variations within either of these periods. In herds with very low milk urea concentrations while they were housed (< 2.4 mmol/l) the mean increase during the grazing season was approximately 2.0 mmol/l, whereas in herds with very high urea concentrations while they were housed (> 6.0 mmol/l) there was a slight decrease in urea concentration during the grazing season. The annual milk yield of herds with low urea concentrations was significantly lower than the yield of herds with intermediate or high concentrations. The interval between calving and first insemination was significantly longer in herds with low milk urea concentrations, but these herds also had a higher 56‐day non‐return rate.
Influence of Motilin on Gastrointestinal Electrical Activity in the Conscious Piglet
Authors: WECHSUNG E. , HOUVENAGHEL A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn conscious just‐weaned piglets, fed ad libitum, with electrodes implanted in the wall of the antrum pylori, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and caecum, infusion of motilin (2 and 20 ng/kg/min for 2 h) induced a transient increase in the frequency of the fast oscillations in the antrum followed by a delayed decrease. The polypeptide, however, was unable to induce a premature or extra phase III activity or to change the frequency of the migrating myoelectrical complexes.
Die M‐mode‐Echokardiographie bei S‐Dressur‐, S‐Springpferden und bei untrainierten Pferden
Authors: STADLER P. , REWEL ANKE , DEEGEN E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryM‐mode‐Echocardiography in Dressage‐ and Show Jumping Horses of Class “S” and in Untrained HorsesHeart structures of 45 warmblooded horses were measured by M‐mode‐echocardiography. The current training level of 15 dressage horses (group I) and 15 show‐jumping horses (group II) was category “S”. In the third group were 15 untrained horses.Four standardized transducer positions were determined for the m‐mode echobeam, calibrated according to the two‐dimensional real time technique. Endsystolic and enddiastolic diameters of left ventricle, right ventricle, aortic root, interventricular septum and left ventricular wall, as well as motion pattern of heart wall, mitral valve and aortic valve of all horses were measured.The dressage horses showed a significant thickening of interventricular septum and left‐ventricular wall compared with the show‐jumping horses and the untrained horses.The enddiastolic left ventricle diameter of the show‐jumping horses was significantly larger than in the other groups. Compared to the untrained horses the show‐jumping horses showed a significantly larger endsystolic left ventricular wall diameter measured at the level of papillary muscle.It can be concluded, that an increase in heart mass in category “S” sport horses is attributed to their level of training.ZusammenfassungMit Hilfe der M‐mode‐Technik wurden die Herzstrukturen von 45 Warmblutpferden ausgemessen. Es wurden 15 Dressurpferde (Gruppe 1) und 15 Springpferde (Gruppe 2) der Leistungsklasse “S” und 15 untrainierte Pferde (Gruppe 3) untersucht.Der M‐mode‐Schallstrahl wurde mit Hilfe der Schnittbildtechnik (B‐mode) in 4 standardisierte Anleitungen eingerichtet. Es wurden einerseits die endsystolischen und enddiastolischen Durchmesser des linken Ventrikels, des rechten Ventrikels, der Aortenwurzel, des interventrikulären Septums und der linken Herzhinterwand und andererseits die Bewegungsmuster der Herzwände und der Mitral‐und Aortenklappen bestimmt.Die Dressurpferde hatten einen signifikant größeren Durchmesser des Herzseptums und der linken Herzhinterwand im Vergleich zu den Springpferden und den untrainierten Pferden.Der enddiastolische Durchmesser des linken Ventrikels der Springpferde war signifikant größer als der der anderen Gruppen. Im Vergleich zu den untrainierten Pferden war der Durchmesser der linken Herzhinterwand der Springpferde, gemessen auf Höhe der Papillarmuskeln, signifikant größer. Die Ursache für die größeren Herzdimensionen der Sportpferde im Vergleich zu den untrainierten Pferden wird in dem höheren Trainingsstand gesehen.
Valuable Indicators of Physical Stress in Porcine Plasma
Authors: JENSEN‐WAERN MARIANNE , NYBERG LENA 
Published: May 2010

SummaryVarious markers for stress were evaluated in the plasma of pigs. Treadmill exercise was chosen as a well defined and quantifiable stressor. One group of non‐stress‐susceptible pigs had to carry out two intense exercise bouts at a one‐week interval, and another group remained in their pens and served as controls. Large interindividual differences in the performance and in the hormonal and metabolic responses to exercise were observed.The exercise stress resulted in an immediate increase in the plasma concentrations of Cortisol, lactate and hypoxanthine, with a return to the pre‐exercise levels within one hour. No direct effect of physical stress on CBG binding capacity or on the concentrations of xanthine and uric acid was observed.In two very nervous pigs, even mild stress in connection with the first blood sampling resulted in an elevated concentration of lactate, but the Cortisol and hypoxanthine values remained at the basal level.It is concluded that plasma concentrations of Cortisol, lactate and hypoxanthine are valuable markers for physical stress.
Medetomidine Sedation in Sheep
Authors: MOHAMMAD F. K. , ZANGANA I.K. , ABDUL‐LATIF A.R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe sedative effect of medetomidine was evaluated in 6 male Awassi sheep. Medetomidine at 40 μg/kg, i.m. induced sedation and recumbency in the sheep within 9±1 and 17±4 minutes, respectively. The duration of recumbency was 58 ± 1 minutes. Medetomidine produced good analgesia and marked muscle relaxation in the recumbent animals for 30 to 45 minutes. The side effects of medetomidine were bradycardia, respiratory depression, stasis of the rumen with tympany, salivation and polyuria. The animals recovered from the sedative and side effects of medetomidine 1.5 to 2 hours after gaining the righting reflex without any apparent adverse effect. The results suggested that medetomidine could be a useful sedative analgesic in sheep.
Influence of Food Deprivation on SCFA and Electrolyte Transport across Sheep Reticulorumen
Authors: GÄBEL G. , MAREK M. , MARTENS H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNet absorption rates for SCFA, sodium, chloride, magnesium, and water were measured in the temporarily isolated and washed reticulorumen of sheep. The animals were either fed hay ad lib. plus concentrates once daily or were deprived of food for two days. Food deprivation led to decreased net absorption of all the substances tested. Comparing the solutes, the relative decreases varied between 43% (butyrate) and 56% (acetate). The decrease in solute absorption was accompanied by diminshed water absorption. It is concluded that the reduction in absorption may be beneficial for the animal in that energy consumption is diminished and the reservoir function of the forestomach will be maintained longer. However, the reduced absorptive capacity may lead to a deficiency of magnesium, which is thought to be absorbed mainly by the forestomachs.
The Morphology of Synovial Grooves (Fossae synoviales) in Joints of Cattle of Different Age Groups
Authors: WEGENER K. M. , HEJE N.‐I. , AARESTRUP F.M. , RAVN B.T. , ØSTERBY J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe joint cartilage of the head of the radius, the metacarpal bone, the tibial cochlea, the proximal trochlea of the talus and the metatarsal bone of 26 cattle in the age groups fetuses, 0 days, 2–5 weeks, 2–5 months, 7–13 months, 2–3.5 years, and 5–7 years were examined macroscopically and histologically. Synovial grooves developed on all joint surfaces examined, but at different times. At some locations the development of the grooves began prenatally. During the groove development the same features were in principle observed on all joint surfaces: Degeneration and progressive thinning of the joint cartilage, invasion of connective tissue into the cartilage, cessation of the endochondral ossification, and depression of the groove area into the subchondral bone. The findings indicated that the synovial grooves should be considered as being part of the normal morphology of the joints. In 4 animals aged from 3 weeks to 13 months dyschondroplastic (osteochondrotic) lesions were observed in the joint cartilage both inside and outside the groove areas on one or more joint surfaces.
Über die postnatale Entwicklung des porcinen Purinkatabolismus und den Einfluß der Umgebungstemperatur auf den Turnover*
Authors: GIESECKE D. , HEISS G. , POSPISCHIL A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPostnatal development of porcine catabolism of purines and effect of ambient temperature on turnoverExperiments in piglets indicate that the catabolic metabolism of purines is only developed during the first 4 weeks of life. During this time the catalytic activity of uricase in liver homogenates is increased about 5.5fold (p < 0.01). The counts of uricase‐carrying peroxisomes and cores are increased to a similar degree (p < 0.01).In the same time the catalytic activity of cytosolic xanthine oxidase is elevated about 4.6fold (p < 0.01), mainly in the second and third week. In blood plasma uric acid is decreased from 19 to 12 molar% during weeks 1 to 4, hypoxanthine, xanthine and allantoin remain relatively constant. In urine xanthine and uric acid are decreased, hypoxanthine and allantoin are increased. At the age of 2–3 days a decrease of ambient temperature from 32 to 20 °C caused an increase of the plasma pool (p < 0.01) and turnover (p < 0.05) of uric acid. Pool size and turnover of hypoxanthine are only slightly elevated. The results are discussed in view of the slow development of hepatic enzymes, the increase of uric acid pool at lowered ambient temperature and causal events leading to urate nephropathia.ZusammenfassungUntersuchungen an Ferkeln zeigen, daß sich der katabole Stoffwechsel der Purine erst im Laufe der ersten 4 Lebenswochen entwickelt. So steigt die katalytische Aktivität der Uricase im Leberhomogenat von der 1.–4. Woche im Mittel auf das 5.5fache an (p < 0.01). Die Zahl der Uricase‐tragenden Peroxisomen und “Cores” nimmt ähnlich zu (p < 0.01). Die katalytische Aktivität der cytosolischen Xanthinoxidase erhöht sich in dieser Zeit etwa 4,6fach (p < 0.01), steigt aber schon in 2–3 Wochen am stärksten an. Im Blutplasma fällt Harnsäure von der 1.–4. Woche von 19 auf 12 Mol%, Hypoxanthin, Xanthin und Allantoin bleiben relativ konstant. Im Harn nehmen Xanthin und Harnsäure ab, Hypoxanthin und Allantoin zu. Im Alter von 2–3 Tagen bewirkt die Erniedrigung der Umgebungstemperatur von 32 auf 20°C eine Zunahme des Harnsäure‐Pools (p < 0.01) und ‐Turnover (p < 0.05) im Plasma. Pool‐Größe und Turnover von Hypoxanthin steigen nur wenig an. Die Ergebnisse werden in Hinblick auf die langsame Entwicklung der Leberenzyme, die Erhöhung des Harnsäure‐Pools bei erniedrigter Temperatur und Ursachen der Uratnephropathie diskutiert.