bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antipsychotic treatment beyond antipsychotics: metacognitive intervention for schizophrenia patients improves delusional symptoms
Authors: Moritz S. , Veckenstedt R. , Randjbar S. , Vitzthum F. , Woodward T. S. 
Published: January 2011

BackgroundAlthough antipsychotic medication still represents the treatment of choice for schizophrenia, its objective impact on symptoms is only in the medium-effect size range and at least 50% of patients discontinue medication in the course of treatment. Hence, clinical researchers are intensively looking for complementary therapeutic options. Metacognitive training for schizophrenia patients (MCT) is a group intervention that seeks to sharpen the awareness of schizophrenia patients on cognitive biases (e.g. jumping to conclusions) that seem to underlie delusion formation and maintenance. The present trial combined group MCT with an individualized cognitive-behavioural therapy-oriented approach entitled individualized metacognitive therapy for psychosis (MCT+) and compared it against an active control.MethodA total of 48 patients fulfilling criteria of schizophrenia were randomly allocated to either MCT+ or cognitive remediation (clinical trial NCT01029067). Blind to intervention, both groups were assessed at baseline and 4 weeks later. Psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS). Jumping to conclusions was measured using a variant of the beads task.ResultsPANSS delusion severity declined significantly in the combined MCT treatment compared with the control condition. PSYRATS delusion conviction as well as jumping to conclusions showed significantly greater improvement in the MCT group. In line with prior studies, treatment adherence and subjective efficacy was excellent for the MCT.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the combination of a cognition-oriented and a symptom-oriented approach ameliorate psychotic symptoms and cognitive biases and represents a promising complementary treatment for schizophrenia.
Time spent in bed at night by care-home residents: choice or compromise?
Authors: LUFF REBEKAH , ELLMERS THERESA , EYERS INGRID , YOUNG EMMA , ARBER SARA 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the amount of time that care-home residents spend in bed at night, focusing on how residents' bedtimes and getting-up times are managed. Using a mixed-methods approach, diary data were collected over 14 days from 125 residents in ten care homes in South East England. The findings indicate that residents spent, on average, nearly 11 hours in bed at night, significantly more time than was spent sleeping. There was greater variance in the amount of time residents who needed assistance spent in bed than there was for independent residents. Detailed investigation of six care homes, each with 8 pm to 8 am night shifts, showed that bedtimes and getting-up times for dependent residents were influenced by the staff's shift patterns. Analysis of qualitative interviews with 38 residents highlighted a lack of resident choice about bedtimes and many compromises by the residents to fit in with the care-home shift and staffing patterns. The social norm of early bedtimes in care homes also influenced the independent residents. It is argued that the current system in care homes of approximately 12-hour night shifts, during which staff ratios are far lower than in the daytime, promotes an overly long ‘night-time’ and curbs residents' choices about the times at which they go to bed and get up, particularly for the most dependent residents.
Journeys beyond the West: World Orders and a 7th century Buddhist Monk
Authors: LING L. H. M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNovice Lee (‘Frank’) seeks world peace and thinks he has found it in the Liberal world order. He informs the Learned One, head of the monastery. Through their discussions, Frank discovers that the Liberal world order, despite its promises, offers neither ‘democracy’ nor ‘peace’. Turning to the Confucian world order of ‘all-under-heaven’ (tianxia), they find it similarly top-down and one-way. Finally, Frank and the Learned One, now joined by their brother monks and sister nuns, consider the life of the 7th century monk, Xuanzang. He inspires Frank to imagine a ‘worldly world order’ where humility and learning drive one's engagements with others, rather than what we have today: hegemony and imperialism.
Synaptic release at mammalian bipolar cell terminals
Authors: WAN QUN-FANG , HEIDELBERGER RUTH 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBipolar cells play a vital role in the transfer of visual information across the vertebrate retina. The synaptic output of these neurons is regulated by factors that are extrinsic and intrinsic. Relatively little is known about the intrinsic factors that regulate neurotransmitter exocytosis. Much of what we know about intrinsic presynaptic mechanisms that regulate glutamate release has come from the study of the unusually large and accessible synaptic terminal of the goldfish rod-dominant bipolar cell, the Mb1 bipolar cell. However, over the past several years, examination of presynaptic mechanisms governing neurotransmitter release has been extended to the mammalian rod bipolar cell. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of synaptic vesicle dynamics and neurotransmitter release in rodent rod bipolar cells and consider how these properties help to shape the synaptic output of the mammalian retina.
Supplemented zinc does not alter mood in healthy older European adults – a randomised placebo-controlled trial: the Zenith study
Authors: Stewart-Knox Barbara J , Rae Gordon , Simpson Ellen EA , McConville Chris , O’Connor Jacqueline , Polito Angela , Andriollo-Sanchez Maud , Coudray Charles , Strain JJ 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveOlder people are vulnerable to zinc deficiency, which may impact upon their mood. This randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind intervention study aimed to investigate the effect of oral zinc gluconate supplementation (15 mg/d; 30 mg/d; and placebo) on subjective mood (affect) in older Europeans.SubjectsHealthy volunteers (n387) aged 55–87 years were recruited.SettingVolunteers in Rome (Italy;n108) and Grenoble (France;n91) were aged 70–87 years and those in Coleraine (Northern Ireland;n93) and Clermont-Ferrand (France;n95) were aged 55–70 years.DesignMood was measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale on four occasions per day over 4 d at baseline, 3 and 6 months post-intervention.ResultsMixed ANOVA indicated that neither positive nor negative affect altered in response to zinc (15 mg/d or 30 mg/d) compared to placebo in either the 55–70 years or the ≥70 years age group.ConclusionsThese results suggest that zinc does not benefit mood in healthy older people.
Individual and school environment factors associated with overweight in adolescents of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Cardoso Letícia de Oliveira , de Castro Inês Rugani Ribeiro , Gomes Fabio da Silva , Leite Iuri da Costa 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the association of individual and school environment factors with overweight among adolescents.DesignCross-sectional study. Sociodemographic and behavioural information was collected using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Indicators on human and physical resources of the schools were based on information collected in interviews with school principals. Overweight was defined based on the BMI Z-score for age and sex recommended by WHO. Logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis.SettingRio de Janeiro, Brazil.SubjectsBy means of a two-stage (classrooms and students) probabilistic sampling, subjects comprised 1632 students enrolled in the last year of primary education of the municipal public school network, stratified by city region.ResultsThe mean prevalence of overweight at schools was 17·2 %, ranging from 0 % to 50 %. Adolescents more likely to be overweight were those who attended schools without knives and forks or ceramic/glass plates for students in the school refectory (prevalence odds ratio (POR) = 1·40; P = 0·04), those whose head of household had completed between 8 and 10 years of schooling (POR = 1·46; P = 0·03), those who did not live with both parents (POR = 1·24; P = 0·06) and those who had not practised physical activity outside school on at least 1 d in the 7 d before the study (POR = 1·56; P = 0·04).ConclusionsSociodemographic and behavioural variables of adolescents and school characteristics were associated with overweight, confirming individual and context effects on this health disorder. Studies such as the present one, identifying variables in context, may support actions to prevent overweight among adolescents.
Adaptation and validation of an FFQ for 6–10-year-old children
Authors: Del Pino Daisy Lopes , Friedman Rogério 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo adapt and test the relative validity of an instrument measuring the usual food intake of 6–10-year-old children.DesignAn FFQ encompassing the preceding 6 months was adapted and compared with the average of three 24 h dietary recalls.SettingPrivate and public schools in Porto Alegre, capital city of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state in Brazil, with 1·5 million inhabitants.SubjectsChildren aged 6–10 years attending grades 1–4 in private and public schools in Porto Alegre.ResultsNinety-one children were studied. The FFQ overestimated all nutrients. Correlations with the values obtained by 24 h dietary recalls were mostly above 0·50. The deattenuated correlations increased for all nutrients. The κ coefficients for the adjusted nutrients varied from 0·12 (weak) to 0·34 (reasonable). Graphically, the FFQ was shown to underestimate some of the parameters and to overestimate others, with a wide CI for all nutrients.ConclusionsThe FFQ does not have the required relative validity to classify the intake levels of schoolchildren, and further investigation is required to understand the sources of error.
The meaning of ‘fruits’ and ‘vegetables’
Authors: Thompson Frances E , Willis Gordon B , Thompson Olivia M , Yaroch Amy L 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveFruit and vegetable consumption is a focus of research and nutrition education; yet, there is no universal agreement on the meaning of ‘fruits’ and ‘vegetables’. Our objective was to describe survey respondent perceptions about a set of foods with regard to whether the food is a fruit, vegetable or something else.DesignThree cross-sectional studies.SettingTwo small studies involving cognitive interviewing sessions; and one large self-administered population survey.SubjectsUS adults in two small studies (n 55 and 80) and one large survey (n 3312), all with multiple race/ethnicities.ResultsPerceptions varied. In the survey, rice was considered a vegetable by about 20 % of respondents. In one small study, Spanish speakers were more likely to consider rice a vegetable, and Chinese speakers less likely, than were English speakers. Black beans were frequently classified as something other than vegetable or fruit. Among Hispanics, Spanish speakers were less likely than English speakers to consider beans a vegetable. Overall, tomatoes were classified as both fruit and vegetable, and these perceptions varied by race/ethnicity.ConclusionsSubstantial disagreement among the fruit, vegetable and other food domains highlights the importance of clearly defining the desired constructs. Foods that require specific instruction include rice, dried beans, potatoes, tomatoes and fruits and vegetables in mixtures and condiments. For measurement, additional questions or explanations may be needed to clarify which foods are of interest. For communication, the global message to increase consumption of fruit and vegetables should be reinforced with specific guidance.
Changes in lifestyle habits after counselling by nurse practitioners: 1-year results of the Groningen Overweight and Lifestyle study
Authors: ter Bogt Nancy CW , Milder Ivon EJ , Bemelmans Wanda JE , Beltman Frank W , Broer Jan , Smit Andries J , van der Meer Klaas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectivesThe Groningen Overweight and Lifestyle (GOAL) study primarily aims at preventing weight gain by nurse practitioners (NP) guided by a standardized computerized software program. Since favourable changes in physical activity (PA) and diet may improve health independently of weight (loss), insight into effects on lifestyle habits is essential. We examined the 1-year effects of lifestyle counselling by NP on PA and diet, compared with usual care from the general practitioner (GP-UC).DesignA randomized controlled trial.SettingEleven general practice locations in the Netherlands.SubjectsA total of 341 GOAL participants with overweight or obesity and either hypertension or dyslipidaemia, or both, who completed an FFQ and Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (SQUASH) at baseline and after 1 year.ResultsAfter 1 year, the NP group spent 33 min/week more on walking compared with the GP-UC group who spent −5 min/week on walking (P = 0·05). No significant differences were found between the NP and GP-UC groups on the percentage of persons complying with the PA guidelines. In both groups, nutrient intake changed in a favourable direction and participants complied more often with dietary guidelines, but without overall difference between the NP and GP-UC groups.ConclusionsWith the exception of an increase in walking (based on self-reported data) in the NP group, no intervention effects on PA and diet occurred. Positive changes in nutrient intake were seen in both groups.
Products of weighted logic programs
Authors: COHEN SHAY B. , SIMMONS ROBERT J. , SMITH NOAH A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWeighted logic programming, a generalization of bottom-up logic programming, is a well-suited framework for specifying dynamic programming algorithms. In this setting, proofs correspond to the algorithm's output space, such as a path through a graph or a grammatical derivation, and are given a real-valued score (often interpreted as a probability) that depends on the real weights of the base axioms used in the proof. The desired output is a function over all possible proofs, such as a sum of scores or an optimal score. We describe theproducttransformation, which can merge two weighted logic programs into a new one. The resulting program optimizes a product of proof scores from the original programs, constituting a scoring function known in machine learning as a “product of experts.” Through the addition of intuitive constraining side conditions, we show that several important dynamic programming algorithms can be derived by applyingproductto weighted logic programs corresponding tosimplerweighted logic programs. In addition, we show how the computation of Kullback–Leibler divergence, an information-theoretic measure, can be interpreted usingproduct.
Reasoning support for risk prediction and prevention in independent living
Authors: MILEO A. , MERICO D. , BISIANI R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn recent years there has been a growing interest in solutions for the delivery of clinical care for the elderly because of the large increase in aging population. Monitoring a patient in his home environment is necessary to ensure continuity of care in home settings, but, to be useful, this activity must not be too invasive for patients and a burden for caregivers. We prototyped a system called Secure and INDependent lIving (SINDI), focused on (a) collecting a limited amount of data about the person and the environment through Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), and (b) inferring from these data enough information to support caregivers in understanding patients' well-being and in predicting possible evolutions of their health. Our hierarchical logic-based model of health combines data from different sources, sensor data, tests results, common-sense knowledge and patient's clinical profile at the lower level, and correlation rules between health conditions across upper levels. The logical formalization and the reasoning process are based on Answer Set Programming. The expressive power of this logic programming paradigm makes it possible to reason about health evolution even when the available information is incomplete and potentially incoherent, while declarativity simplifies rules specification by caregivers and allows automatic encoding of knowledge. This paper describes how these issues have been targeted in the application scenario of the SINDI system.
Healthy aging and disease: role for telomere biology?
Authors: Zhu Haidong , Belcher Matthew , van der Harst Pim 
Published: January 2011

Aging is a biological process that affects most cells, organisms and species. Human aging is associated with increased susceptibility to a variety of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, neurological diseases and cancer. Despite the remarkable progress made during the last two decades, our understanding of the biology of aging remains incomplete. Telomere biology has recently emerged as an important player in the aging and disease process.
Theoretical study of isomerization and decomposition of propenal
Authors: Chin Chih-Hao , Lee Shih-Huang 
Published: January 2011

We investigated the dynamics of isomerization and multi-channel dissociation of propenal (CH2CHCHO), methyl ketene (CH3CHCO), hydroxyl propadiene (CH2CH2CHOH), and hydroxyl cyclopropene (cyclic-C3H3-OH) in the ground potential-energy surface using quantum-chemical calculations. Optimized structures and vibrational frequencies of molecular species were computed with method B3LYP/6-311G(d,p). Total energies of molecules at optimized structures were computed at the CCSD(T)/6-311+G(3df,2p) level of theory. We established the potential-energy surface for decomposition to CH2CHCO + H, CH2CH + HCO, CH2CH2/CH3CH + CO, CHCH/CH2C + H2CO, CHCCHO/CH2CCO + H2, CHCH + CO + H2, CH3 + HCCO, CH2CCH + OH, and CH2CC/cyclic-C3H2 + H2O. Microcanonical rate coefficients of various reactions of trans-propenal with internal energies 148 and 182 kcal mol−1 were calculated using Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus and Variational transition state theories. Product branching ratios were derivable using numerical integration of kinetic master equations and the steady-state approximation. The concerted three-body dissociation of trans-propenal to fragments C2H2 + CO + H2 is the prevailing channel in present calculations. In contrast, C3H3O + H, C2H3 + HCO and C2H4 + CO were identified as major channels in the photolysis of trans-propenal. The discrepancy between calculations and experiments in product branching ratios indicates that the three major photodissociation channels occur mainly on an excited potential-energy surface whereas the other channels occur mainly on the ground potential-energy surface. This work provides profound insight in the mechanisms of isomerization and multichannel dissociation of the system C3H4O.
Morbilliform drug eruption due to pegylated α‐interferon can show complete regression after switching to non‐pegylated interferon
Authors: BARUT Sener , YUKSEK Jale , SEZER Engin , GUNAL Ozgur , KOSEOGLU Dogan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPegylated or non‐pegylated α‐interferon are frequently used medications for the treatment of both chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C. Skin disorders, which are mainly comprised of eczematous dermatitis, are frequently seen during treatment with this drug. However, drug eruption or morbilliform eruptions due to interferons have been rarely reported so far. We herein describe a patient who developed morbilliform drug eruption under treatment with pegylated interferon. She was able to continue treatment after switching from pegylated interferon to conventional interferon.
Periorbital edema and erythema: An unusual localization of DLE in a patient with psoriasis
Authors: SERARSLAN Gamze , ATIK Esin , SARIKAYA Gökhan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDiscoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is characterized by erythematous, raised, indurated papules or plaques. DLE may rarely present as periorbital erythema and edema. We report the case of a 33‐year‐old woman with psoriasis localized on the trunk and extremities who developed prominent periorbital edema and erythema diagnosed as DLE.
CaMtw1, a member of the evolutionarily conserved Mis12 kinetochore protein family, is required for efficient inner kinetochore assembly in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans
Authors: Roy Babhrubahan , Burrack Laura S. , Lone Museer A. , Berman Judith , Sanyal Kaustuv 
Published: January 2011

SummaryProper assembly of the kinetochore, a multi‐protein complex that mediates attachment of centromere DNA to spindle microtubules on each chromosome, is required for faithful chromosome segregation. Each previously characterized member of the Mis12/Mtw1 protein family is part of an essential subcomplex in the kinetochore. In this work, we identify and characterize CaMTW1, which encodes the homologue of the human Mis12 protein in the pathogenic budding yeast Candida albicans. Subcellular localization and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed CaMtw1 is a kinetochore protein. CaMtw1 is essential for viability. CaMtw1‐depleted cells and cells in which CaMtw1 was inactivated with a temperature‐sensitive mutation had reduced viability, accumulated at the G2/M stage of the cell cycle, and exhibited increased chromosome missegregation. CaMtw1 depletion also affected spindle length and alignment. Interestingly, in C. albicans, CaMtw1 and the centromeric histone, CaCse4, influence each other for kinetochore localization. In addition, CaMtw1 is required for efficient kinetochore recruitment of another inner kinetochore protein, the CENP‐C homologue, CaMif2. Mis12/Mtw1 proteins have well‐established roles in the recruitment and maintenance of outer kinetochore proteins. We propose that Mis12/Mtw1 proteins also have important co‐dependent interactions with inner kinetochore proteins and that these interactions may increase the fidelity of kinetochore formation.
Haem release from haemopexin by HxuA allows Haemophilus influenzae to escape host nutritional immunity
Authors: Fournier Clémence , Smith Ann , Delepelaire Philippe 
Published: January 2011

Summary Haemophilus influenzae is an obligate human commensal/pathogen. This haem auxotroph must acquire haem from its host to sustain aerobic growth. Haem–haemopexin complexes are one of the potential sources of haem for this microorganism. Haemopexin is a glycoprotein that binds haem with high affinity (subpicomolar Kd) and involved in haem recycling. HxuA, a cell surface protein, is the key to haem acquisition from haemopexin. In this study, we reconstituted a functional Hxu system from H. influenzae in Escherichia coli K‐12 that mediated active haem transport across the outer membrane from haem–haemopexin, in the presence of the inner membrane energy‐transducing TonB–ExbB–ExbD complex from H. influenzae. A secreted variant of HxuA, HxuAdm, was produced in E. coli. HxuAdm functionally complemented an hxuA mutant of H. influenzae for haem–haemopexin acquisition. HxuAdm interacted with haemopexin and haem–haemopexin, with which it formed high‐affinity, stoichiometric complexes. Following the interaction between haem–haemopexin and HxuAdm, haem was no longer bound to its initial high‐affinity site and became accessible to its cognate haem receptor, HxuC. HxuAdm and the HxuAdm–haemopexin complex do not appear to bind haem at detectable levels (affinities below 106 M−1). HxuA thus appears to ‘release’ haem from haem–haemopexin complexes and to prevent haem sequestering by haemopexin.