bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rapid and reliable UPLC‐MS/MS method for the identification and quantification of fourteen synthetic anti‐diabetic drugs in adulterated Chinese proprietary medicines and dietary supplements
Authors: Li Ning , Cui Mei , Lu Xiumei , Qin Feng , Jiang Kun , Li Famei 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAn ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of 14 synthetic anti‐diabetic drugs in adulterated Chinese proprietary medicines (CPMs) and dietary supplements. The samples were prepared by ultrasonic extraction with methanol and separated on a C18 column with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (both containing 0.10% formic acid). Gradient elution was applied with a flow rate of 0.20 mL/min. Two transitions from protonated molecules were monitored for each synthetic anti‐diabetic drug in positive mode of electrospray ionization (ESI). The two transitions, the peak area ratio of the two transitions and the retention time were used for identification. The more intensive transition was used for quantification. The analysis time was 6 min per sample. Satisfactory linear relationships were estimated between the peak area and the concentration with correlation coefficients higher than 0.995. The limit of detection ranged from 0.03 to 5.45 ng/mL. The relative standard deviation of intra‐day precision was below 7.6%, the RSD of inter‐day precision was below 15% and the relative error of accuracy was between –10 and 7.8%. The proposed method is rapid, selective, reliable and was successfully applied to the analysis of 30 real samples of 22 CPMs and eight dietary supplements from the local market in China. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable procurement practice
Authors: Meehan Joanne , Bryde David 
Published: May 2010

AbstractProcurement has a key role in sustainability as policies and practices need to extend beyond organisations' boundaries incorporating their whole supply chains. Guidelines on sustainability encourage procurement to make decisions that encompass the environmental, economic and social elements of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL). Taking a supply chain perspective, procurement also need to analyse how decisions impact on the TBL in respect of suppliers. The results of a survey of sustainable procurement practices in 44 English‐based UK Housing Associations (HAs), who are responsible for the provision of social housing, confirms prior research of other sectors that suggests 1) a failure to overcome inertia in relation to sustainable procurement; and 2) in the few examples where practices have been established, only the environmental element of the TBL is considered. The organisations surveyed have sustainability‐related issues in their missions and external and internal pressures to embed sustainability, yet this has not translated into widespread establishment of sustainable procurement. Recommendations to neutralise inertia are: firstly, take the experiences from other areas, e.g. innovation management, which stress the importance of inter‐organisational relationships; secondly, develop a small number of sustainable development indicators for procurement and, to take advantage of the relatively more‐advanced environmental practices to show how these elements have socio‐economic impacts; and finally, rather than focus on just the pressures and drivers of sustainability (as suggested in strategic models of sustainability), emphasise the triggers that overcome inertia and lead to changes in behaviour amongst procurement staff i.e. the establishment of ethical pricing models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Electrochemical Syntheses of Cyclo[n]pyrrole
Authors: Buda Mihai , Iordache Adriana , Bucher Christophe , Moutet Jean‐Claude , Royal Guy , Saint‐Aman Eric , Sessler Jonathan L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCyclo[8]pyrrole was obtained efficiently when 3,3′,4,4′‐tetraethylbipyrrole was subjected to bulk electrolysis, with yields spanning a range from close to 0 % with tetra‐n‐butylammonium fluoride as the electrolyte, to almost 70 % when tetra‐n‐butylammonium hydrogensulfate was used for this purpose. These observations are consistent with the conclusion that the reaction is controlled by anion‐related factors such as a specific templating effect. Note that cyclo[8]pyrrole was the only detectable macrocyclic product obtained from 3,3′,4,4′‐tetraethylbipyrrole under the conditions of the electrochemical oxidation. When similar electrolyses were performed by using 3,4‐diethylpyrrole as the starting material, two products could be isolated, which were identified as being the cyclo[7]pyrrole and cyclo[8]pyrrole, respectively. Detailed analyses of the oxidized forms of cyclo[7]pyrrole and cyclo[8]pyrrole revealed that under the conditions of the electrolysis these latter species are not stable.
The A2Aadenosine receptor rescues neuritogenesis impaired by p53 blockage via KIF2A, a kinesin family member
Authors: Sun Chung‐Nan , Chuang Hsiu‐Chun , Wang Jiz‐Yuh , Chen Si‐Ying , Cheng Ya‐Yun , Lee Chien‐Fei , Chern Yijuang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe A2Aadenosine receptor (A2AR) is a G‐protein–coupled receptor. We previously reported that the C terminus of the A2AR binds to translin‐associated protein X (TRAX) and modulates nerve growth factor (NGF)‐evoked neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Herein, we show that neuritogenesis of primary hippocampal neurons requires p53 because blockage of p53 suppressed neurite outgrowth. The impaired neuritogenesis caused by p53 blockage was rescued by activation of the A2AR (designated the A2Arescue effect) in a TRAX‐dependent manner. Importantly, suppression of a TRAX‐interacting protein (kinesin heavy chain member 2A, KIF2A) inhibited the A2Arescue effect, whereas overexpression of KIF2A caused a rescue effect. Expression of a KIF2A fragment (KIF2A514), which disturbed the interaction between KIF2A and TRAX, blocked the rescue effect. Transient colocalization of TRAX and KIF2A was detected in the nucleus of PC12 cells upon NGF treatment. These data suggest that functional interaction between KIF2A and TRAX is critical for the A2Arescue effect. Moreover, p53 blockage during NGF treatment prevented the redistribution of KIF2A from the nucleus to the cytoplasmic region. Expression of a nuclear‐retained KIF2A variant (NLS‐KIF2A) did not rescue the impaired neurite outgrowth as did the wild‐type KIF2A. Therefore, redistribution of KIF2A to the cytoplasmic fraction is a prerequisite for neurite outgrowth. Collectively, we demonstrate that KIF2A functions downstream of p53 to mediate neuritogenesis of primary hippocampal neurons and PC12 cells. Stimulation of the A2AR rescued neuritogenesis impaired by p53 blockage via an interaction between TRAX and KIF2A. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 604–621, 2010
The Effect of Surface Area and Crystal Structure on the Catalytic Efficiency of Iron(III) Oxide Nanoparticles in Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition
Authors: Gregor Cenek , Hermanek Martin , Jancik Dalibor , Pechousek Jiri , Filip Jan , Hrbac Jan , Zboril Radek 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIron(II) oxalate dihydrate has been used as a readily decomposable substance for the controlled synthesis of nanosized iron(III) oxides. The polymorphous composition, particle size and surface area of these iron oxide nanoparticles were controlled by varying the reaction temperature between 185 and 500 °C. As‐prepared samples were characterized by XRD, low‐temperature and in‐field Mössbauer spectroscopy, BET surface area and the TEM technique. They were also tested as heterogeneous catalysts in hydrogen peroxide decomposition. At the selected temperatures, the formed nanomaterials did not contain any traces of amorphous phase, which is known to considerably reduce the catalytic efficiency of iron(III) oxide catalysts. As the thickness of the sample (≈ 2 mm) was above the critical value, a temporary temperature increase (“exo effect”) was observed during all quasi‐isothermal decompositions studied, irrespective of the reaction temperature. Increasing the reaction temperature resulted in a shift of the exo effect towards shorter times and an increased content of maghemite phase. The maghemite content decreases above 350 °C as a result of a thermally induced polymorphous transition into hematite. The catalytic data demonstrate that the crystal structure of iron(III) oxide (i.e. the relative contents of maghemite and hematite) does not influence the rate of hydrogen peroxide decomposition. However, the rate constant increases monotonously with increasing sample surface area (and decreasing thermolysis temperature), reaching a maximum of 27 × 10–3 min–1(g/L)–1 for the sample with a surface area of 285 m2 g–1. This rate constant is currently the highest reported value of all known iron oxide catalytic systems and is even slightly higher than that observed for the most efficient catalyst reported to date, which has a significantly larger surface area of 337 m2 g–1. This surprisingly high catalytic activity at relatively low surface area can be ascribed to the absence of a amorphous phase in the samples prepared in this study. Taking into account these new findings, the contributions of the key factors highlighted above (surface area, particle size, crystal structure, crystallinity) to the overall activity of iron oxides forhydrogen peroxide decomposition are discussed.
Molybdenum Complexes Bearing the Tris(1‐pyrazolyl)methanesulfonate Ligand: Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Behaviour
Authors: Dinoi Chiara , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Alegria Elisabete C. B. A. , Smoleński Piotr , Martins Luísa M. D. R. S. , Poli Rinaldo , Pombeiro Armando J. L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe tris(1‐pyrazolyl)methanesulfonate lithium salt Li(Tpms) [Tpms = SO3C(pz)3–] reacts with [Mo(CO)6] in NCMe heated at reflux to yield Li[Mo(Tpms)(CO)3] (1), which, upon crystallization from thf, forms the coordination polymer [Mo(Tpms)(CO)2(μ‐CO)Li(thf)2]n (2). Reaction of 1 with I2, HBF4 or AgBF4 yields [Mo(Tpms)I(CO)3] (3), [Mo(Tpms)H(CO)3] (5) or [Mo(Tpms)O2]2(μ‐O) (7), respectively. The high‐oxidation‐state dinuclear complexes [{Mo(Tpms)O(μ‐O)}2] (4) and [{Mo(tpms)OCl}2](μ‐O) (6) are formed upon exposure to air of solutions of 3 and 5, respectively. Compounds 1–7, which appear to be the first tris(pyrazolyl)methanesulfonate complexes of molybdenum to be reported, were characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, ESI‐MS, elemental analysis, cyclic voltammetry and, in the cases of Li(Tpms) and compounds 2, 4·2CH3CN, 6·6CHCl3 and 7, by X‐ray diffraction analyses. Li(Tpms) forms a 1D polymeric structure {i.e., [Li(tpms)]n} with Tpms as a tetradentate N2O2 chelating ligand that bridges two Li cations with distorted tetrahedral coordination. Compound 2 is a 1D coordination polymer in which Tpms acts as a bridging tetradentate N3O ligand and each Li(thf)2+ moiety is coordinated by one bridging CO ligand and by the sulfonyl group of a contiguous monomeric unit. In 4, 6 and 7, the Tpms ligand is a tridentate chelator either in the NNO (in 4) or in the NNN (in 6 and 7) fashion. Complexes 1, 3 and 5 exhibit, by cyclic voltammetry, a single‐electron oxidation at oxidation potential values that indicate that the Tpms ligand has an electron‐donor character weaker than that of cyclopentadienyl.
1,3,5‐Triazapentadiene Nickel(II) Complexes Derived from a Ketoxime‐Mediated Single‐Pot Transformation of Nitriles
Authors: Kopylovich Maximilian N. , Kirillov Alexander M. , Tronova Ekaterina A. , Haukka Matti , Kukushkin Vadim Yu. , Pombeiro Armando J. L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA series of cationic (2+) [Ni{HN=C(R)NHC(R)=NH}2](X)2 {R = 4‐(Cl)C6H4 (1), 3‐(NC)C6H4 (3), 4‐(NC)C6H4 (4) and Me (7); X = Cl– (1, 3, 4) or MeCOO–·H2O (7)} and neutral [Ni{HN=C(R)NC(R)=NH}2](solvate) {R = 3‐(Cl)‐4‐py (2), 3‐py (5) and 4‐py (6); solvate = MeOH and/or H2O; py = pyridyl} N,N‐chelating bis(1,3,5‐triazapentadiene/ato)nickel(II) [Ni(tap)2]2+/0 complexes has been easily generated by a ketoxime‐mediated single‐pot reaction of a nickel(II) salt [NiCl2·2H2O or Ni(MeCOO)2·4H2O] with 4‐chlorobenzonitrile, isophthalonitrile, terephthalonitrile, acetonitrile, 2‐chloro‐4‐cyanopyridine, 3‐cyanopyridine or 4‐cyanopyridine, respectively. The obtained compounds have been characterized by IR, 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, FAB‐MS(+) or ESI‐MS(+), elemental analyses and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction [for 7 and solvated mono‐ {1a·(Me2CO)0.33·(MeOH)0.67} and bis‐deprotonated (2b·2Me2CO, 4b·CHCl3, 5b·Me2CO and 6b·MeOH) products, formed upon recrystallization of 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6, respectively]. The crystal structures of all compounds bear similar monomeric Ni(tap)2 units with a nearly square‐planar geometry. In addition, the structure of 7 features the formation of infinite 1D zig‐zag water–acetate chains {[(H2O)2(MeCOO)2]2–}n, which multiply interact with the [Ni(tap)2]2+ cations to generate a 2D hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular assembly.
Differentiable cortical networks for inferences concerning people's intentions versus physical causality
Authors: Mason Robert A. , Just Marcel Adam 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCortical activity associated with generating an inference was measured using fMRI. Participants read three‐sentence passages that differed in whether or not an inference needed to be drawn to understand them. The inference was based on either a protagonist's intention or a physical consequence of a character's action. Activation was expected in Theory of Mind brain regions for the passages based on protagonists' intentions but not for the physical consequence passages. The activation measured in the right temporo‐parietal junction was greater in the intentional passages than in the consequence passages, consistent with predictions from a Theory of Mind perspective. In contrast, there was increased occipital activation in the physical inference passages. For both types of passage, the cortical activity related to the reading of the critical inference sentence demonstrated a recruitment of a common inference cortical network. This general inference‐related activation appeared bilaterally in the language processing areas (the inferior frontal gyrus, the temporal gyrus, and the angular gyrus), as well as in the medial to superior frontal gyrus, which has been found to be active in Theory of Mind tasks. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that component areas of the discourse processing network are recruited as needed based on the nature of the inference. A Protagonist monitoring and synthesis network is proposed as a more accurate account for Theory of Mind activation during narrative comprehension. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of puberty in the developing adolescent brain
Authors: Blakemore Sarah‐Jayne , Burnett Stephanie , Dahl Ronald E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAdolescence refers to the period of physical and psychological development between childhood and adulthood. The beginning of adolescence is loosely anchored to the onset of puberty, which brings dramatic alterations in hormone levels and a number of consequent physical changes. Puberty onset is also associated with profound changes in drives, motivations, psychology, and social life; these changes continue throughout adolescence. There is an increasing number of neuroimaging studies looking at the development of the brain, both structurally and functionally, during adolescence. Almost all of these studies have defined development by chronological age, which shows a strong—but not unitary—correlation with pubertal stage. Very few neuroimaging studies have associated brain development with pubertal stage, and yet there is tentative evidence to suggest that puberty might play an important role in some aspects of brain and cognitive development. In this paper we describe this research, and we suggest that, in the future, developmental neuroimaging studies of adolescence should consider the role of puberty. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is the ADHD brain wired differently? A review on structural and functional connectivity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Konrad Kerstin , Eickhoff Simon B. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn recent years, a change in perspective in etiological models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has occurred in concordance with emerging concepts in other neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. These models shift the focus of the assumed pathology from regional brain abnormalities to dysfunction in distributed network organization. In the current contribution, we report findings from functional connectivity studies during resting and task states, as well as from studies on structural connectivity using diffusion tensor imaging, in subjects with ADHD. Although major methodological limitations in analyzing connectivity measures derived from noninvasive in vivo neuroimaging still exist, there is convergent evidence for white matter pathology and disrupted anatomical connectivity in ADHD. In addition, dysfunctional connectivity during rest and during cognitive tasks has been demonstrated. However, the causality between disturbed white matter architecture and cortical dysfunction remains to be evaluated. Both genetic and environmental factors might contribute to disruptions in interactions between different brain regions. Stimulant medication not only modulates regionally specific activation strength but also normalizes dysfunctional connectivity, pointing to a predominant network dysfunction in ADHD. By combining a longitudinal approach with a systems perspective in ADHD in the future, it might be possible to identify at which stage during development disruptions in neural networks emerge and to delineate possible new endophenotypes of ADHD. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between hydraulic and basic properties for irrigated soils in southeast Australia
Authors: Selle Benny , Wang Q. J. , Mehta Brijesh 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the potential of soil maps and spatial information on basic soil properties for predicting soil hydraulic properties in the Shepparton irrigation region (SE Australia). For this purpose, the relationship between locally measured soil hydraulic properties and basic soil properties, and soil categories was analyzed. Pedotransfer functions developed for Australian soil were tested. Furthermore, association of field‐scale final infiltration rates with basic soil properties was investigated. Water‐retention properties, and in particular subsoil water‐retention properties, were significantly correlated with readily available basic soil properties. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were particularly high for clay content, bulk density, and the sum of exchangeable cations Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+. Water‐retention properties were adequately predicted using Australian pedotransfer functions. Water‐transmission properties such the saturated conductivity and the final infiltration rate were overall poorly correlated with basic physical and chemical properties. Generally, median water‐transmission properties did not significantly change with soil groups and “within‐paddock variability” accounted for over half of the “within‐soil‐type variability” for many soil types. We concluded that it is feasible to regionalize water‐retention properties for the Shepparton irrigation region using basic physical and chemical soil properties, whereas the information on basic soil properties and from soil maps was insufficient to reliably estimate water‐transmission properties. It is demonstrated why field‐scale estimates of final infiltration rates, obtained by fitting a model for surface irrigation to field measurements of advance, depletion, and recession, may be better correlated with basic soil properties.
Physiological characteristics of selenite uptake by maize roots in response to different pH levels
Authors: Zhang Lianhe , Yu Feiyan , Shi Weiming , Li Youjun , Miao Yanfang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn selenite solutions, H2SeO3, HSeO$ _3^- $, and SeO<$>_3^{2‐}<$> are in equilibrium in proportions that vary with solution pH. The physiological characteristics of selenite uptake were studied with excised roots of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings at pH 3.0, 5.0, and 8.0. The results showed that 0.10 mM 2,4‐dinitrophenol (DNP), 1.0 mM sodium fluoride (NaF), and a temperature of 4°C inhibited selenite uptake by maize roots by 16%, 20%, and 23% at pH 3.0, by up to 80%, 79%, and 78% at pH 5.0, and by 5%, 9%, and 16% at pH 8.0. Hence, selenite may enter roots at pH 5.0 in an energy‐dependent manner, in contrast to pH 3.0 and 8.0. The uptake kinetics for selenite were determined for excised roots of maize, and the curves were linear at pH 3.0 and 8.0, but saturated at pH 5.0, showing that carrier‐mediated uptake of selenite occurred at pH 5.0, but not at pH 3.0 or 8.0. Further studies showed that HgCl2 and AgNO3 inhibited selenite uptake separately by 81% and 76% at pH 3.0 and indicated that selenite was absorbed by maize roots through aquaporins at pH 3.0. At pH 8.0, anion‐channel inhibitors only inhibited a small fraction of selenite uptake, indicating that the major absorption pathway of SeO<$>_3^{2‐}<$> species into roots was not absorbed passively through anion channels, but might involve other processes. According to these results, it is proposed that selenite uptake occurs via different mechanisms depending on its species in solution in response to pH levels.
Chemical composition of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) grown on acid sulfate soils
Authors: Fältmarsch Rasmus , Österholm Peter , Jacks Gunnar 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of soil geochemistry on the concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, P, Co, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) grown on acid sulfate (AS) soils in Western Finland. A total of 11 topsoil (0–20 cm) and corresponding cabbage samples and three whole‐soil profiles (≈ 0–260 cm) were collected on three agricultural fields. The concentrations of Co and Zn in cabbage were correlated with the NH4Ac‐extractable (easily available) concentrations in the topsoil, indicating that the uptake of these elements in cabbage is largely governed by soil geochemistry. Yet, the concentrations of Co and Zn in cabbage were not in general elevated relative to that of Finnish average values, although some AS soils showed enriched concentrations of these metals in the soil and cabbage. Significant geochemical differences (e.g., oxidation depth, organic‐matter and S content, pH) were observed among the studied AS soils, while, on the other hand, the concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, P, Ni, Mn, Cu, and Fe in cabbage were relatively similar. The hydroxylamine‐extractable concentrations of these elements in the topsoil were not correlated to those in cabbage, suggesting that uptake is not governed by the oxide‐bound fraction of these elements in the soil. Similarly, the easily available concentrations of Ca, P, Ni, Mn, Cu, and Fe in the topsoil were not correlated to those in cabbage, indicating that uptake is independent of the easily available concentrations in the soil. Hence, it is suggested that cabbage can regulate and thus optimize its concentrations of Ca, P, Ni, Mn, Cu, and Fe. Oxidation depth affected neither the easily available concentrations of Co, Ni, Zn, and Mn in the topsoil nor the concentrations in cabbage. However, the subsoil with a lower oxidation depth, which is to a smaller extent affected by leaching, may partly be enriched in these metals. Nevertheless, these showed no increased concentrations in cabbage. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the large amounts of metals mobilized in AS soils are easily lost to drains, subsequently contaminating nearby waterways and estuaries whereas they are only partly enriched in cabbage and other previously studied crops (oat).