bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic and psychosocial correlates of homelessness or unstable housing among US veterans in the Midwest
Authors: Umucu Emre , Lee Beatrice , Chang Chi , Szymkowiak Dorota , Tsai Jack 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore (1) the prevalence of physical and mental health conditions among veterans stratified by homelessness and unstable housing (HUH) in several Midwestern states, and (2) the correlation between HUH and sociodemographic, military, financial, risky behavior, health, and geographical characteristics. The study cohort consisted of 7260 HUH veterans and stably housed veterans in 2018–2022 in Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 23. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed which revealed the strongest associations with HUH were any incarceration experience (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.21) and rural location (AOR = 0.33). Frontier and remote location scores (AOR = 1.23) were associated with increased risk of HUH among veterans. Our results suggest potential differences in risk for HUH among veterans living in rural versus frontier and remote locations, which may be important to consider to provide care to the many veterans in these areas.
The influence of perceived stress and motivation on telomere length among NCAA swimmers
Authors: Nanda Anamika , Logan Alvin , Tennyson Robert L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionTelomere length (TL) shortening is associated with increased cellular senescence and functional decline with age. Regular physical activity is posited to safeguard against TL shortening, but there is disagreement on how concurrent psychosocial stress may influence this relationship. The current analysis explored whether psychosocial stress is associated with TL differences in highly physically active individuals.MethodsTL was measured from capillary dried blood spots collected from Division‐I (D‐1) and Division‐III (D‐3) National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) swimmers (N = 28) and non‐athlete students from the same schools (N = 15). All participants completed Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and student‐athletes completed an additional questionnaire to assess psychosocial factors associated with their lifestyle; The Student Athletes' Motivation towards Sports and Academics Questionnaire (SAMSAQ). Semi‐structured interviews further contextualized how student‐athletes internalize their stress.ResultsThere was no significant difference in TL or PSS scores between swimmers and controls. D‐1 swimmers reported significantly higher career and student‐athlete motivation scores compared to D‐3, but non‐significantly higher PSS and similar academic motivation scores. Themes from interviews with collegiate swimmers included COVID‐19 stress, fear of injury, pressure from academics, expectations to perform, and financial pressures.ConclusionsThese themes may have contributed to higher PSS scores in D‐1 swimmers compared to D‐3 but did not appear to impact their TL. Given differences in perceived stress, sources of stress, and SAMSAQ scores, further analyses with larger sample sizes are needed to better understand how these factors influence human biology and health while engaged in intense physical activity.
Sulfanilamide and 2‐hydroxy acetophenone driven Schiff base metal complex synthesizing, identification, and promising bioactivity
Authors: Abu‐Khadra Ahmad S. , Basry Aboelhagag A. , Abdel Reheim Mohamed A. M. , Ellakwa Takwa E. , Alshehri Sarah A. , Afify Ahmed S. , AbuelHassan Sawsan M. 
Published: May 2024

It has been possible to create complexes of metals from the Schiff base ((E)‐4‐(2‐hydroxy‐1‐phenylethylideneamino) benzenesulfonamide) (Sn.HA), which is generated from sulfanilamide and 2‐hydroxy acetophenone. These substances have been identified using various physicochemical methods, featuring mass spectral analysis, melting point, (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [ICP‐MS]), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, conductance measurements, electron spin resonance (ESR), and magnetic susceptibility. Most complexes are non‐electrolytes, according to the determined molar conductance values. Spectroscopic analyses indicate coordination of the majority of complexes by 2 C=N groups and 2 (OH) phenolic groups of ligand in a 2 L:1 M molar ratio in a consistent octahedral configuration [L2‐M‐(H2O)2], (L) Schiff base ligand (Sn.HA) and (M) metal, bacteria Gram‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), bacteria Gram‐positive (Streptococcus pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis), and antifungal (Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus) have all been tested on complexes to check the activity of antibacterial and antifungal, with the metal complexes showing promising activity, where the unbound ligand is less active than the metal complexes.
Feasibility study on the production of low melt flow rate recycled polypropylene from postconsumer waste
Authors: Geier Jutta , Barretta Chiara , Hinczica Jessica , Haar Bernd , Bredács Márton , Witschnigg Andreas , Mayrbäurl Erwin , Oreski Gernot 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) recyclates face limitations in their use due to lower qualities compared with virgin PP, resulting from contaminations and the mixing of different PP grades. In particular, their high melt flow rate (MFR) hinders their suitability for applications requiring low MFR, such as pipes. This study investigates the feasibility of producing low MFR PP recyclates from packaging waste. For this purpose, recyclates were produced exclusively from manually sorted extrusion blow molding grades and compared with a recyclate derived from a conventional PP waste stream. Different washing temperatures and recyclate production processes were used to study their effects on the properties of the recyclates. The main objective was to determine the lowest achievable MFR and the rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of the recyclates from improved sorting. The results are intended to serve as reference points for the evaluation of future automatic sorting trials. The enhanced sorting resulted in an 80% reduction in the MFR and improved ductility, thereby extending the potential applications of the recyclate. The different washing and production processes did not have a significant effect on the investigated properties, except for a slight decrease in the MFR with hot washing and the omission of the pelletizing step.
Carbon capturing composite membranes comprising Cu‐MOF and PIM‐1
Authors: Tahir Zaman , Alomar Muneerah , Sarfraz Muhammad , Waheed Aiman , Ayub Hafiz Muhammad Uzair 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCarbon capture from different CO2‐enriched sources demands the establishment of cleaner innovations to make strides in improving the existing worldwide environment. Nanoparticles of inorganic copper‐based metal–organic framework (Cu‐MOF) have been impregnated in varying loadings into an intrinsically microporous polymer (PIM‐1) to concoct mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) for carbon capture applications. The impacts of Cu‐MOF doping and temperatures of feed gas streams on morphology and carbon detainment capability of manufactured membranes were investigated. The carbon seizing capacity of different membranes was assessed by estimating permeabilities, selectivities, dissemination and dissolvability coefficients, facilitation proportions, and activation energies. Compared with the unfilled PIM‐1 membrane, impregnation of 30% Cu‐MOF into polymer significantly enhanced CO2 penetrability from 3740 to 6360 Barrer together with CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity advancements from 27 to 34 and from 16 to 18, respectively. Performing gas penetration tests at elevated temperatures raised the CO2 penetrability of the membrane. The carbon seizing capability of MMMs lying over Robeson's bound signifies their potential in various cleansing operations.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Diarylheptanoids
Authors: Sudarshan Kasireddy , Yarlagadda Suresh , Sengupta Sagnik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the quest for synthesizing biologically important natural products, medicinal chemists embark on an endless journey. This review focuses on the reports published towards the syntheses of diarylheptanoids, classifying them into linear, tetrahydropyran, diarylether, and biphenyl categories. The synthesis methods for each class from 2013 to 2023 are discussed, providing a comprehensive overview of the advancements in the field. Representative natural product examples are highlighted for each category. The review emphasizes the importance of diarylheptanoids in the realms of chemistry and medicine, showcasing their potential as valuable compounds for medicinal and synthetic chemists.
Sparse Group Penalties for bi‐level variable selection
Authors: Buch Gregor , Schulz Andreas , Schmidtmann Irene , Strauch Konstantin , Wild Philipp S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMany data sets exhibit a natural group structure due to contextual similarities or high correlations of variables, such as lipid markers that are interrelated based on biochemical principles. Knowledge of such groupings can be used through bi‐level selection methods to identify relevant feature groups and highlight their predictive members. One of the best known approaches of this kind combines the classical Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) with the Group LASSO, resulting in the Sparse Group LASSO. We propose the Sparse Group Penalty (SGP) framework, which allows for a flexible combination of different SGL‐style shrinkage conditions. Analogous to SGL, we investigated the combination of the Smoothly Clipped Absolute Deviation (SCAD), the Minimax Concave Penalty (MCP) and the Exponential Penalty (EP) with their group versions, resulting in the Sparse Group SCAD, the Sparse Group MCP, and the novel Sparse Group EP (SGE). Those shrinkage operators provide refined control of the effect of group formation on the selection process through a tuning parameter. In simulation studies, SGPs were compared with other bi‐level selection methods (Group Bridge, composite MCP, and Group Exponential LASSO) for variable and group selection evaluated with the Matthews correlation coefficient. We demonstrated the advantages of the new SGE in identifying parsimonious models, but also identified scenarios that highlight the limitations of the approach. The performance of the techniques was further investigated in a real‐world use case for the selection of regulated lipids in a randomized clinical trial.
Ischemic insular damage and stress ulcer in patients of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Ding Peng , Chen Guojuan , Yang Yuling , Zhang Tong , Li Wenxia , Yang Liqin , Liu Xueqing , Yu Delin , Yue Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsStress ulcer (SU) is a common complication in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The relationship of infarction location and the incidence of SU was unclear. Herein, we aim to investigate the association between ischemic insular damage and the development of SU.MethodsData were retrieved from the SPARK study (Effect of Cardiac Function on Short‐Term Functional Prognosis in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke). We included the patients who had experienced an ischemic stroke within 7 days. The diagnosis of SU was based on clinical manifestations, including hematemesis, bloody nasogastric tube aspirate, or hematochezia. Evaluation of ischemic insular damage was conducted through magnetic resonance imaging. Cyclo‐oxygenase regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to assess the relationship between ischemic insular damage and the occurrence of SU.ResultsAmong the 1357 patients analyzed, 110 (8.1%) developed SUs during hospitalization, with 69 (6.7%) experiencing infarctions in the anterior circulation. After adjusting for potential confounders, patients with ischemic insular damage exhibited a 2.16‐fold higher risk of developing SUs compared to those without insular damage (p = .0206). Notably, among patients with infarctions in the anterior circulation, those with insular damage had a 2.21‐fold increased risk of SUs (p = .0387). Moreover, right insular damage was associated with a higher risk of SUs compared to left insular damage or no insular damage (p for trend = .0117). Kaplan–Meier curves demonstrated early separation among groups, persisting throughout the follow‐up period (all p < .0001).ConclusionsThis study identified a significant independent correlation between ischemic insular damage, particularly on the right side, and the development of SU during hospitalization, indicating the need to consider prophylactic acid‐suppressive treatment for patients with ischemic insular damage.
Risk‐based student performance prediction model for engineering courses
Authors: Abuchar Verónica J. , Arteta Carlos A. , De La Hoz Jose L. , Vieira Camilo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh academic failure and dropout rates in engineering courses are significant worldwide concerns attributed to various factors, with academic performance being a critical variable. This article provides a methodology to estimate the performance risk of students in engineering schools. Risk analysis is a strategy to evaluate academic success, which provides a set of methods to analyze, understand, and predict student outcomes before enrolling in specific majors or challenging college courses. This article develops a methodology to estimate fragility curves for students entering an engineering course. The fragility function concept, borrowed from the earthquake engineering field, estimates the likelihood of success in a course, given relevant student metadata, such as the grade point average, thus comprehensively addressing student performance variability. A student academic success prediction model enables instructional designers to make informed decisions. For example, fragility curves can help achieve two goals: (i) assessing the population at risk for a course to take actions to improve student success rates and (ii) assessing a course's relative difficulty based on its fragility function parameters. We demonstrate this methodology through a case study comparing the relative difficulty of two engineering courses, Statics and Solid Mechanics, at a university in Colombia. Given that Statics serves as a prerequisite for Solid Mechanics, deficiencies in the former can significantly impact student performance in the latter. The case study results reveal that Solid Mechanics poses a higher risk of academic failure than Statics, underscoring the importance of a strong foundation in prerequisite courses.
Bioguided Fractionation of Phyllanthus spp.: Unveiling Anticancer Potential through Metabolomic Correlation and ADMETox Insights
Authors: Silva Maria Francilene S. , Silva Lorena Mara A. , Quintela Amanda L. , Silva Francisca Aliny N. , De Oliveira Fátima de Cássia E. , dos S. Luciano Maria Claudia , Rodrigues Tigressa Helena S. , Filho Elenilson Godoy A. , Brito Edy S. , Canuto Kirley M. , Pessoa Claudia , Zocolo Guilherme J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCancer remains a significant global health concern, with mortality rates steadily rising and prompting an urgent search for effective treatments. This study focuses on the medicinal properties of plants from the Phyllanthus genus, specifically Phyllanthus amarus and Phyllanthus niruri, which have shown promise in traditional medicine. Through bioguided fractionation using preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), bioactive compounds were isolated and identified using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF‐MSE) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Chemometric analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA) aided in understanding metabolite distribution. Biological assays demonstrated cytotoxic activities of specific fractions against cancer cell lines, notably the PhyN 4n fraction from P. niruri, which induced S‐phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HL60 cells. These findings underscore the anticancer potential of Phyllanthus species and lay the groundwork for future drug development efforts. The study‘s integration of advanced analytical techniques, chemometrics, and biological assays provides valuable insights for harnessing natural products in the fight against cancer.
Polyhydroxylated Spirostanol Saponins from the Rhizomes of Paris dulongensis
Authors: Jia Jian‐Ke , Yang Jun , Yang Xing‐Zhi , Luo Ji‐Feng , Duan Xiao‐Yan , Yang Ying‐Li , Wan Jin‐Fu , Wang Yue‐Hu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThree new polyhydroxylated spirostanol steroidal saponins, dulongenosides B−D (2–4), along with 14 known compounds, dulongenoside A (1), padelaoside B (5), parisyunnanoside G (6), polyphyllin D (7), ophiopogonin C′ (8), formosanin C (9), dioscin (10), paris saponin VII (11), paris H (12), parisyunnanoside I (13), protodioscin (14), proprotogracillin (15), crustecdysone (16), and stigmasterol‐3‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (17), were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris dulongensis (Melanthiaceae). Their chemical structures were elucidated based on extensive analyses of NMR and MS data and acidic hydrolyses. The isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity to five human cancer cell lines (HL‐60, SW480, MDA‐MB‐231, A549, and A549/Taxol) and the normal human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS‐2B by the MTS test. Compounds 7–12 and 14 showed cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.20 to 4.35 μM. Proprotogracillin selectively inhibited A549 (IC50=0.58 μM) and A549/Taxol (IC50=0.74 μM) cells, with no significant cytotoxic activity against HL‐60, SW480, MDA‐MB‐231, or BEAS‐2B cells, with IC50 values greater than 40 μM.
Fluorinated Tags to Study Protein Conformation and Interactions Using 19F NMR
Authors: Hanson George S. M. , Coxon Christopher R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe incorporation of fluorine atoms into a biomacromolecule provides a background‐free and environmentally sensitive reporter of structure, conformation and interactions using 19F NMR. There are several methods to introduce the 19F reporter – either by synthetic incorporation via solid phase peptide synthesis; by suppressing the incorporation or biosynthesis of a natural amino acid and supplementing the growth media with a fluorinated counterpart during protein expression; and by genetic code expansion to add new amino acids to the amino acid alphabet. This review aims to discuss progress in the field of introducing fluorinated handles into biomolecules for NMR studies by post‐translational bioconjugation or ‘fluorine‐tagging’. We will discuss the range of chemical tagging ‘warheads’ that have been used, explore the applications of fluorine tags, discuss ways to enhance reporter sensitivity and how the signal to noise ratios can be boosted. Finally, we consider some key challenges of the field and offer some ideas for future directions.
Development of Supercapacitors with 3D Porous Structures
Authors: Zhou Ruitao , Lam Kwok‐Ho 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInvited for this issue's Front Cover is the group from K. H. (Koko) Lam (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, University of Glasgow). The front cover picture illustrates 3D interconnected nanoporous electrodes featuring a nano‐cage structure, wrapping active materials within. This distinctive electrode design enhances contact between active materials, electrolytes, and current collectors. It also alleviates the adverse effect of volume change in active materials and elevates the mass loading of nanostructured active materials within the electrodes. Consequently, this nanostructure significantly enhances the overall electrochemical properties of the electrodes. Read the full text of the Concept at 10.1002/celc.202300618.
Development of a topic‐specific bibliographic database supporting the updates of SPIRIT 2013 and CONSORT 2010
Authors: Østengaard Lasse , Barrientos Ariel , Boutron Isabelle , Chan An‐Wen , Collins Gary , Hopewell Sally , Moher David , Nejstgaard Camilla Hansen , Schulz Kenneth F. , Speich Benjamin , Tang Evan , Tunn Ruth , Watanabe Nozomi , Xu Chenchen , Hróbjartsson Asbjørn 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionAn important mechanism of research waste is inadequate incorporation of, and references to, previous relevant research. Identifying references for a research manuscript can be challenging, in part due to the exponential rise in potentially relevant literature to consider. For large research projects, such as developing or updating reporting guidelines, it may be helpful to construct a supportive topic‐specific bibliographic database.MethodsIn support of updating the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) 2013 and the CONsolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010, we developed the SPIRIT‐CONSORT Evidence Bibliographic database (SCEBdb): a freely available topic‐specific bibliographic database of publications providing an evidence foundation for the updates. We searched multiple sources of potential publications and tagged included ones with database‐specific keywords. For context, we also formulated 10 core considerations for constructing topic‐specific bibliographic databases and identified and described 5 illustrative other databases.ResultsAs of April 2024, the SCEBdb included 846 publications. The database proved useful as a supplementary information source for our scoping review of published comments on SPIRIT 2013 and CONSORT 2010, for a supplementary Delphi process, and in the writing phase of the guidance documents. We expect that the database will be useful for future projects within the fields of clinical research methodology, bias, evidence synthesis, and randomized trials.ConclusionThe methods involved in constructing the SCEBdb, and our suggested core considerations for topic‐specific bibliographic databases, could be helpful for researchers reflecting on whether, and how, to develop a topic‐specific bibliographic database.
Unusual Photochemistry in Aromatic Dithioimides: Quantitative Thione Reduction Promoted by Ether Solvents
Authors: Mauries Steven , Hope Taylor O. , Psutka Katie M. , Ledrew Joshua , Heer Meghan , Guillet Emma , Zand Pedram , Maly Kenneth E. , Frenette Mathieu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe report a mechanistic investigation of an aromatic dithioimide (2SS) displaying puzzling yet efficient photochemistry in ether solvents. Perplexingly, 2SS dissolved in ether solvents in a sealed and degassed vial was photochemically converted to the corresponding diimide (2OO), as determined by 1H NMR following product extraction. With no external sources of oxygen in the sample, could the oxygen in 2OO be from the ether itself? To study this unprecedented proposition, we attempt to uncover the ether's involvement in this reaction. As seen by laser‐flash photolysis, 2SS appears to first react with the solvent from its singlet excited state. Following the reaction by NMR under rigorously oxygen‐ and water‐free conditions led to the identification of a photoreductive pathway that quantitatively transformed one thione into a methylene to yield 2SH2. Subsequent oxidation of 2SH2 or irradiation of 2SS under air proved that molecular oxygen was indeed necessary to observe an oxidative pathway leading to 2OO, ruling out the initially proposed involvement of an ether oxygen. An explanation of 2SS desulfurization was further revealed through the study of solvent by‐products by GC‐MS analysis. Supported by DFT calculations, a mechanism is proposed to involve a chain reaction initiated by photochemically generated ether radical.