bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les changements qualitatifs dans le processus de renouvellement des générations: Impacts sur la mesure et la projection du besoin d'aide
Authors: Jenkins Éric , Carrière Yves , Légaré Jacques 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of cohort heterogeneity upon the potential needs for assistance in ADL and IADL of an aging population. Variables that are important predictors of the differentiating pattern of perceived needs in the older population are subject to on-going changes as a result of cohort differentiation and cohort succession in the older ages. For those reasons, a forecasting methodology involving three phases has been developed: an identification phase of the key explanatory variables, a demographic-projection phase of socio-demographic variables identified as key variables and a phase in which risk-factor probabilities are applied to the demographic-projection output to determine the overall impact of the population change. The use of logistic regression is shown as the best strategy to determine risk-factor probabilities. This method is applied to measure the assistance needed in ADL and IADL by disabled elderly persons in Québec. The results point to the need to consider changes in intra-cohort heterogeneity between new cohorts entering the older population and old ones leaving it.
A Feminist Approach to Health Promotion for Older Women
Authors: Ward-Griffin Catherine , Ploeg Jenny 
Published: November 2010

RésuméJusqu'à tout récemment, le mouvement de promotion de la santé faisait principalement porter ses efforts sur la responsabilité individuelle en matière de comportements reliés à la santé, plutôt que sur les grands determinants sociaux de la santé. Le mouvement ciblait les jeunes plutôt que les ainés, les hommes plutôt que les femmes. Des voix commencent à se faire entendre et prônent une approche féministe de la promotion de la santé auprès des femmes plus âgées, une approche qui prendrait en compte les facteurs de sexe, de classe sociale, de race et d'âge qui viennent biaiser les recherches, les pratiques et les politiques en matière de promotion de la santé. La théorie féministe pose comme hypothèse que le sexisme limite les possibilités des femmes en matière de santé et les assujettit à une série de situations telles que la marginalisation, l'absence de pouvoir et l'exploitation. L'objectif de la présente étude est double: faire appel à une grille féministe pour critiquer la promotion de la santé et déterminer les facteurs de sexe, de classe sociale, de race et d'âge qui affectent la santé des femmes plus âgées, et recommander des modifications à la théorie, à la recherche, aux pratiques et à l'éducation en matière de santé. Les chercheurs, les praticiens et les éducateurs du domaine de la santé sont invités à travailler avec les femmes aînées de façon à augmenter leur visibilité et leur prise en charge personnelle et à favoriser une transformation de la société au sein de laquelle les femmes vieillissent.
Les personnes âgées à mobilité réduite vivant à domicile: modalités de réponse aux besoins et niveau de satisfaction perçu
Authors: Vézina Aline , Pelletier Daniel 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis research examined transportation problems of non-institutionalized elders with ambulatory difficulties. The purpose was to explore their responses to their needs, and their satisfaction levels. The sample is composed of 67 elderly persons divided into three levels of mobility (low, medium and severely-reduced), and three types of localities (large, rural and semi-rural). In general, transportation is supplied by family and friends. The need which receives the highest level of satisfaction is meals. For elders with medium and severe ambulatory difficulties recreational activities are absent and their satisfaction is low. Urban elders, as opposed to rural elders, are the most unsatisfied. Their insecurity and fear of going outside is one explanation for these results.
C.G. Gifford. Canada's Fighting Seniors. Toronto: James Lorimer and Company, 1990, pp. 279.
Authors: Carette Jean 
Published: November 2010

AbstractC.G. Gifford, a retired professor of social work at Dalhousie University, publishes here the results of his last research. Basing this research on 90 indepth interviews of persons prominent in the organization of seniors' asssociations in Canada, the United States and Europe, Gifford traces the history of these organizations and provides us with a critical analysis of their political involvement. This is an indispensable work.
Self-Care Among Older Adults
Authors: Morrongiello Barbara A. , Gottlieb Benjamin H. 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉCette synthèse de la documentation sur les soins personnels chez les personnes ^gées définit le concept en termes des comportements préventifs et des réponses à la maladie adoptés par les profanes à leur propre bénéfice. Après avoir placé les soins personnels dans leur contexte historique, l'auteur examine les perspectives théoriques et les principales constatations sur son incidence ainsi que les corrélats et les barrières. Cet examen est suivi d'une revue du processus et des résultats des interventions destinées à promouvoir les soins personnels. L'auteur termine en présentant des recommandations en vue du développement de la recherche, des politiques et de la pratique.
Medical Services Utilization Patterns by Seniors
Authors: Rosenberg Mark W. , James Amanda M. 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉCette analyse documentaire vise à déterminer les principaux éléments du mode d'utilisation des soins médicaux chez les aînés dans le cadre du Consensus national sur la conception et la prestation d'une réforme des soins de santé visant à promouvoir l'autonomie des personnes âgées (Shapiro & Havens, 2000). On y présente une stratégie de recherche de la documentation pertinente depuis 1985 portant principalement sur des articles de revuses révisés par les pairs et on résume les conclusions de la recherche. On souligne les principaux articles, lesquels sont analysés et synthétisés à partir de modalités américaines ou canadiennes de fonctionnement institutionnel, de recours aux médecins, aux soin ambulatoires et sur des déterminants de l'utilisation de ces services.
Methods or Techniques: Beyond the Simple Arguments
Authors: Thomas Daniel , Stryckman Judith 
Published: November 2010

CommentaryWhen an author comments on the scientific value of a particular discipline, he leads the way to an insightful period of introspection. In the field of Social Gerontology, such an undertaking could stir up quite a stormy debate. F. Béland, undaunted by controversy, prepared his own review of the research conducted in Quebec in this field, addressing methodological issues, problems related to theorization, as well as the institutional development of Gerontology. The document is useful in that it highlights the elements which benefit or hinder the advancement of research in Social Gerontology.
Research in Social Gerontology: Observe, Understand or Explain?
Authors: Bernardin-Haldemann Verena 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFrançois Béland in his appraisal identifies certain peculiarities characteristic of research in Social Sciences in Gerontology in Quebec; however, he seems somewhat unfamiliar with the material in question. Béland does not retrace the history of Gerontology in Quebec, nor does he situate it in its social, political, economical and cultural context; this would have been quite beneficial when trying to determine the future course of research. The present commentary attempts to lay the groundwork for such an undertaking and suggests that the growing strength of the Welfare-State and of Quebec nationalism accounts for the major characteristics found in the material compiled by Béland.
Spousal Loss: Depression, Anxiety and Well-Being after Grief Periods of Varying Lengths
Authors: Vézina Jean , Bourque Paul , Bélanger Yvon 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA total of 59 bereaved elderly persons and 20 married elderly persons were asked to complete a series of questionnaires on depression, anxiety and well-being. The bereaved elderly persons were divided into three groups based on the length of time elapsed since the death of the spouse. The results showed that bereaved subjects were more depressed and anxious and that their well-being was generally inferior to their married counterparts; further, their emotional reactions persisted after many months of mourning and finally some of the bereaved seemed more at risk than others. These issues should be examined more thoroughly using longitudinal studies.
Activity, Social Network and Well-Being: An Empirical Examination
Authors: Litwin Howard 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉUne étude de personnes ágeés en Israel (n = 170) a examiné la relation qui lient le niveau d'activité et certaines charactéristiques du réseau social, au bien-être subjectif des répondants, tout en controllant les charactéristiques socio-démographiques de bases, ainsi que l'ampleur de l'incapacité physique. Une analyse factorielle a dérivé trois facteurs d'activité correspondant aux activités officielles, informelles et solitaires. Une procédure de régression hiérarchique a révélé que l'incapacité physique expliquait 40 pour cent de la variance dans la mesure du bien-être. Le niveau d'activité informelle expliquait 3 pour cent supplémentaires de la variance, mais a cependant été affaibli dans le model final par l'addition d'un facteur du réseau social – le degré de soutien fourni par le réseau (R2 = .48). Les résultats laissent penser que c'est l'aspect réseau social de l'activité qui fait la différence dans le bien-être subjectif des personnes âgées, plutôt que l'effet de l'activité elle-même.
Relationship Between Physical Health Status and Responses to a Psychological Distress Measure
Authors: Préville Michel , Potvin Louise , Boyer Richard , Boulerice Bernard 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉLes données de l'enquête Santé Québec (ESQ) ont été utilisées pour examiner l'influence du statut de santé physique sur les réponses données aux items d'ordre somatique et affective-cognitive de l'inventaire de détresse psychologique (IDP) de l'ESQ. LISREL VIII a été employé pour tester un modèle explicatif de l'association entre ces variables dans trois groupes d'âge (n = 600): 18–39 ans, 40–64 ans et 65 ans et plus. Le sexe, le niveau de stress percu, le soutien social et le statut marital ont été introduits dans le modèle comme variables contrôles. Nos résultats ont montré que la composante affective-cognitive de l'IDP était le principal facteur explicatif des réponses obtenues à la composante somatique de l'échelle. Nos résultats indiquent aussi que le statut de santé physique influence directement les réponses aux items somatiques de l'IDP. Cependant, l'effet observé était similaire dans les trois groupes d'âge étudiés. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que l'utilisation d'une mesure de détresse psychologique comprenant des items d'ordre somatique, tel que l'IDP, entraîne une petite surestimation de la détresse psychologique dans tous les groupes d'âge. Cependant, les items somatiques n'introduisent pas un biais différentiel dans l'évaluation de la détresse psychologique des répondants en fonction dé l'âge.
Le rapport entre l'adéquation des services de maintien à domicile et la trajectoire de travail des personnes soignantes
Authors: Guberman Nancy , Maheu Pierre 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article examines to what extent the presence or absence, adequacy or inadequacy of formal services impacts on the work trajectory of caregivers to elderly relatives. The article is based on a qualitative study with 20 employed caregivers' whose elderly relatives received homecare services from one of two Montreal CLSCs: Results reveal the key role played by formal services in caregivers' attempts to juggle caregiving demands with those of their employment. They illustrate how the presence or the insufficiency of these services, their adequacy or inadequacy, combined with the other accommodations which caregivers put into place, can be determinants in caregivers' decisions to continue working and in their capacity to function well in the work place.
Sandra O'Brien Cousins and Tammy Horne (Eds.). Active Living Among Older Adults: Health Benefits and Outcomes. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner/Mazel, 1999.
Authors: Myers Anita M. 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉCe livre regroupe et critique des données empiriques sur toute une étendue d'avantages de l'exercice physique sur la santé des personnes âgées. Il se fonde sur une revue de quelque 1 500 études publiées depuis 1994. Il constitue un survol exhaustif du sujet présenté en sections bien divisées et répertoriées et une base importante d'interprétation des nombreuses études qui se font dans ce domaine en expansion rapide.
Clinical Research on Older Adults in Canada: Summary of Recent Progress
Authors: Rockwood Kenneth , MacKnight Chris , Powell Colin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGeriatric Medicine is a young specialty in Canada, having been formally recognized in 1981. The early years of research chiefly involved designing and describing programs of care. As the specialty matured, so too did the nature of research into the clinical problems of older adults. This article discusses research published by Canadian geriatricians since 1998, the date of a previous review. Two prominent areas of research are frailty and dementia. Several groups have studied the natural history of frailty, and designed techniques to better measure outcomes. Interventional trials are also gaining prominence, with the Systeme de services intégrés pour personnes agees en perte d'automonie (SIPA) and Mobile Geriatric Assessment Team (MGAT) being good examples. The Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) is one of the largest studies of dementia epidemiology ever conducted, and the upcoming third wave will provide new data on the outcomes of cognitive impairment not meeting criteria for dementia. Other areas of interest include pharmacoepidemiology, difficult clinical problems, advanced directives and bioethics. Canadian research in geriatrics will continue to develop, with the establishment of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research providing exciting new opportunities.
The Increase in the Usual Life Span in North America
Authors: Kraus Arthur S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn assumed fixed maximum life span was involved in a much publicized prediction of a compression of morbidity in late life. The maximum life span has major weaknesses as a measure. The “usual life span“, or age to which 1.0% of a birth cohort survives, is suggested as a more useful measure.Statistics were derived from recent United States and Canadian censuses on the age above which 1.0% of the population is contained, from recent United States and Canadian mortality data on the age above which 1.0% of the deaths were reported, and from recent Canadian life tables on the age to which 1.0% of a cohort would survive. These statistics suggest that the usual life span increased at least 2 years in the 1960–1980 period in North America.
L'Analyse du Leadership Chez les Président-e-s des Clubs d'Age d'Or du Nouveau-Brunswick
Authors: Vienneau Jean-Guy , Ouellette Pierre 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉCe qui caractérise les clubs d'âge d'or, c'est qu'ils se dirigent de façon autonome, et cette situation soulève la question du leadership au sein de ces regroupements. En conséquence, la présente étude vise à déterminer la relation entre deux styles de leadership chez les président-e-s et la langue maternelle, le nombre d'heures de bénévolat, l'importance numérique des clubs et celle de leur exécutif. Au-delà de 160 président-e-s remplirent le “Ideal Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire”. A la suite d'une analyse canonique, un facteur est retenu: les styles de leadership sont reliés à la langue maternelle, les heures de bénévolat et l'importance numérique des clubs et des exécutifs.
Factors Associated with Changes in Visiting Between Grandmothers and Grandchildren Following an Adult Child's Marriage Breakdown
Authors: Gladstone James W. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper identifies some factors associated with changes in face-to-face contact between grandmothers and grandchildren following a child's marriage breakdown. A qualitative analysis showed that geographic mobility, the appeal of a grandmother's home, employment status of the adult child, and the absence of the child-in-law were related to increases in visiting. Unresolved conflict and difficulties re-negotiating post-breakdown relationships were related to decreases in visiting. These findings as well as implications for service delivery are discussed.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration Between the Professional Social Worker and Nurse in Planning the Care of the Older Adult Living in a Long-term Care Facility
Authors: Harbison Joan , Melanson Patricia M. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe majority of long term care facilities for the elderly have the characteristics of total institutions. Care is based on the medical model which emphazises the physical needs of the residents. Current gerontological research and literature concludes that a biopsychosocial approach offers the highest quality of care to the elderly in institutions. This paper discusses political, economic, institutional and professional barriers to the implementation of the holistic approach to care. It recognizes that accommodation to the constraints identified is required. It then comments on the potential for an active alliance between two important actors in traditional long term care service delivery, the professional social worker and the nurse, to move the institution towards biopsychosocial care.
Attitudes and Sentencing for Sexual Assault as a Function of Age and Sex of Subjects
Authors: Yarmey A. Daniel 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTA total of 768 older and younger men and women with average ages of 58 and 20 years, respectively, made judgments of recommended imprisonment for a rapist after learning about one of eight different versions of sexual assaults. Younger subjects in contrast to older subjects recommended longer sentences. The most severe sentences were given by young males for the assault of a demure woman. Older males were least punitive in sentencing. A reliable interaction among age of subjects, sex of subjects and victim demeanor indicated that younger and older women recommended similar jail sentences when a demure woman was victimized but older women were less punitive when a provocative woman was assaulted. The demeanor of the rapist (well-dressed vs. poorly-dressed) and the resistance/nonresistance of the victim failed to influence sentencing. Older persons and males were found to hold reliably higher anti-victim, pro-rape myth sentiments than younger adults and females.
Cognitive Versus Social Rigidity in Old Age: Implications for Therapy
Authors: Christoph Doris , Li Anita K.F. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe present study examined the interrelationships among cognitive and social rigidity, intelligence and personal adjustment in old age, and evaluated a six-week training program teaching social problem-solving skills to the elderly. Ninety-eight subjects, aged 60.9 to 88.0 years, were randomly assigned to the treatment, placebo control, and the waiting-list groups. Subjects were pretested on the TBR Opposites test (cognitive rigidity), the social MEPS (social rigidity), WAIS Vocabulary, and Adjustment of Old Age scales; and post-tested on social rigidity and adjustment The hypothesis that cognitive rigidity is independent of social rigidity was not fully supported. Adjustment to old age was found to be significantly related to social rigidity and, to a lesser degree, to cognitive rigidity. Only treatment subjects showed an overall, significant pre- to post-training improvement on social MEPS scores. The findings suggest that social rigidity is amenable to change.
Simple Cognitive and Behavioural Changes Resulting from Improved Physical Fitness in Persons over 50 Years of Age
Authors: Stacey C. , Kozma A. , Stones M.J. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe primary purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of exercise on simple cognitive performance and on psychological well-being in persons over fifty years of age. A secondary purpose was to assess the relationship between a set of subject variables and drop-out from fitness programs. Twenty-nine new and 37 active volunteers from the St. John's 3F fitness club for persons over fifty years of age served as subjects. Initial assessment on fitness and psychological measures was carried out within three weeks of the start/restart of the program. A second testing took place six months later. Significant pre/post differences were obtained on measures of reaction time, flexibility, balance, extra program activity, and digit symbol performance. Group by pre/post effects also reached statistical significance for psychological well-being. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of exercise are not limited to physical fitness variables, but may extend to cognitive and personality processes.
Who Experiences the Move into a Nursing Home as Stressful? Examination of the Relocation Stress Hypothesis using Archival, Time-Series Data
Authors: Grant Peter R. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe relocation stress hypothesis that older people find the move into a nursing home to be stressful was examined using archival time-series data. The prevalence of psychological distress following admission was obtained from nursing notes written on monthly medical charts for 159 residents of four Saskatchewan nursing homes. Excluding those with an organic psychotic disorder (19.5%), the results showed that the majority of new residents (82.7%) were not distressed by the move. However, a large proportion of those who were stressed and, in particular, those who had behavioral problems prior to admission did experience psychological distress on admission, and this proportion dropped slowly over an eight month period. While this evidence does not support a general relocation stress hypothesis, it is consistent with a perceived control interpretation of this hypothesis as well as a number of other interpretations focussing on alternative explanations for the behavioral problems variable.
Living Arrangement Choices among the Elderly
Authors: Wister Andrew V. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis research explores factors which differentiate non-institutionalized elderly persons living alone, living only with a spouse, and living with other persons (with or without a spouse present). Special attention is devoted to the measurement and investigation of several social norms and personal preferences. These factors are organized in terms of a decision-making framework developed from micro-economic and demographic theory. Choice of a living arrangement is seen as the product of underlying norms and preferences, a set of socio-demographic factors, and constraints on choice. This research relies on data from 454 personal interviews drawn from a stratified random sample of persons 65 and over living in private households in London, Ontario, Canada.Data analysis indicates that the decision of whom to live with is complex and is influenced by a large group of variables. However, the most important factors are the social norms and personal preferences of the respondents. Of these, a preference for independence and privacy surfaces as the strongest predictor of living arrangements. Being able to do what one wants without outside interference in conjunction with a private living style tends to be viewed by older persons as very important household ‘goods’. The expected separateness of the elderly, age segregation or differentiation, and kinship obligations and ties were found to be influential social norms affecting living arrangement decisions. The analysis also suggests that the constraining effects of domestic competence, physical strength and mobility, and availability of kin for co-residence are also important. In addition, several socio-demographic variables including age, sex and ethnicity arise as significant predictors of living arrangements.