bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ökologische Untersuchungen über die Bedeutung thermophiler Mikroorganismen für die Selbsterhitzung von Heu
Authors: Hussain H. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDer Vorgang der Selbsterhitzung von Heu wurde unter Verwendung eines Differential‐thermostaten im Modell bis zur Entzündung reproduziert. In der biologischen Phase ist die Lebenstätigkeit der Mikroorganismen, ganz besonders der obligaten thermophilen Bakterien und Actinomyceten der entscheidende Faktor; enzymatische Prozesse im pflanzlichen Substrat wirken mit. Wassergehalt im Heu, gute Wärmeisolierung und Zuführung kleiner Luftmengen sind wesentliche Faktoren, von denen es abhängt, ob die Erhitzung bis zur Entzündung fortschreitet. Vorstellungen über die Aufeinanderfolge der einzelnen Phasen der Selbsterhitzung wurden entwickelt.
Some aspects of the phenylacetylcarbinol biosynthesis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Voets J. P. , Vandamme E. J. , Vlerick C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe biosynthesis of phenylacetylcarbinol (PAC) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in media containing benzaldehyde and fermentable sugars was studied under different experimental conditions.In shaking cultures with small volumes of medium a sigmoidal production curve for PAC was obtained. During the first and second part of the fermentation period (5 to 10 hours), the number of living yeast cells increased. In the third period (from the 10th to the 20th hour), the number of living yeast cells decreased rapidly.In agitated batch cultures the PAC produced during the first 5 hours of fermentation decreased only slowly on further incubation.In agitated but non aerated batch cultures, the PAC production increased rapidly, but the yields were much lower than in aerated batches.Acetone dried cells of baker's yeast produced PAC from benzaldehyde but no benzylalcohol. Besides PAC and acetylbenzoyl, a new biosynthetic product, trans‐cinnam‐aldehyde was determined.
Effect of “osmotic stabilizers” and glycerol on yeast cell envelopes
Authors: Kopecká Marie , Svoboda A. , Brichta J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe ultrastructure of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe was studied after their transfer to solutions of osmotic stabilizers used for maintenance of yeast protoplasts (0.7 m d‐mannitol, 0.7 m l‐rhamnose, and 0.6 m KCl). After 10 to 30 min incubation in these stabilizers significant changes appeared on the cell surfaces which progressed up to 60 min of incubation. The changes concerned especially the size, shape, and distribution of plasma membrane invaginations, which became deeper; in addition, large impressions were formed. Complementary changes were found in wall ridges which might result in formation of wall protrusions containing areas of separated cytoplasm. Similar changes of cell surfaces appeared after a short incubation of cells in 10% and 20% glycerol. The changes described are interpreted as a consequence of volume decrease and unbalanced cell wall synthesis after transferring the cells to media of higher osmolarity.
Keratin decomposition by dermatophytes. I. Sulfite production as a possible way of substrate denaturation
Authors: Kunert J. 
Published: July 2010

The dermatophyte Microsporum gypseum was grown on children's hairs in a mineral solution. During the growth of the fungus the substrate digestion, pH of the medium, and concentrations of soluble decomposition products were determined. In aerated and stationary cultures the substrate digestion attained was 56% and 37 to 45%, respectively. The decomposition was accompanied by the alkalinization of the medium and by the release of peptidic substances.The average content of sulfur amino acids in soluble decomposition products was always lower than their content in keratin. Sulfhydryl compounds (cysteine) were found in traces only. The final product of the cystine metabolism was the sulfate excreted in high amounts into the medium. Sulfides, thiosulfates, and free sulfite were not present. However, after the treatment of the culture filtrates with cyanide, arsenite or cysteine well determinable amounts of sulfite were liberated. These reactions are typical of S‐sulfocysteine.The author presents the hypothesis that the dermatophytes can produce not only sulfate, but also sulfite in the course of keratinolysis. By the latter compound, disulfide bonds of the substrate could be cleaved to cysteine and S‐sulfocysteine. The keratin denatured by “sulfitolysis” would then be easily attacked by the proteases of the fungus.
Uptake of 14C‐glucose by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat and changes in its carbohydrate content during growth
Authors: Olofinboba M. O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThere is a rapid uptake of 14C‐glucose and unlabelled glucose during the period of pigmentation of the mycelium of Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. Incorporation of 14C‐glucose into structural components of the mycelium started within 24 hours of incubation and progressively increased until the 14th day of growth.The mycelium contains glucose, isomaltose, and sucrose. There is a decrease in these carbohydrates during autolysis. Autolysis in B. theobromae occurs in an acid medium of pH 5.2.
Cytomorphologische Untersuchungen an einer stabilen L‐Form von Escherichia coli
Authors: Strunk Christa , Schuhmann Edith 
Published: July 2010

The nuclear equivalent of a stable L‐form of E. coli can be made visible by phasecontrast microscopy after appropriate adjustment of the refractive index of the carrier medium. The electron microscopical demonstration of the nuclear equivalent can be obtained by a modified OsO4 fixation after Ryter and Kellenberger. Using this preparation technique serial sections of spherical and dividing L‐form cells have been analyzed cytomorphologically.Spherical cells of a diameter of about 1 μm show nuclear equivalents like hollow spheres; in dividing cells the nuclear equivalents roughly correspond to the shape of the cells. The division of both the nuclear equivalent and the cell starts with an invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane at a limited area of the cell surface. By this process a cavity is formed within the dividing cell, which increases asymmetrically and eventually separates the cell into two daughter cells. In large L‐form cells (diameter > 2 μm) the nuclear equivalent probably is divided, but only poorly segregated and no cell division is to be seen.
Possible role of methylated DNA bases for the transcription of the genetic information
Authors: Venner H. , Reinert H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe main biological consequence originating from our concept consists in the control of transcription by the methylation of DNA, which has developed from the regulatory role of the 6‐MAP containing stop codons in the lower organisms and the regulation by 5‐MC containing start codons in some lower and all higher organisms during evolution. Up to now, host modification and restriction are the sole processes of biological significance and evidently mediated by methylation of DNA. Following from our concept, the acquaintance of host modification for a given phage DNA does not only mean the compensation of host restriction but also allows the transcription of the phage DNA by the enzyme machinery of the host. Our model, based upon DNA cluster analysis of organisms yielding isostichs easy to survey, fits very well with the numerous observations from biochemical and biological stdies. A more direct proof is hardly to be expected by the known methods of cluster analysis or enzymatic degradation of DNA; it needs quite different studies. The conclusions discussed explain and combine some fundamental processes of genetic coding and appear of importance for the progress in many fields of biology.
Alteration of fermentation products from butyrate to acetate by nitrate reduction in Clostridium perfringens
Authors: Ishimoto M. , Umeyama M. , Chiba S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEffect of nitrate reduction on fermentation products of Clostridium perfringens was investigated in nutrient media containing glucose. Butyrate, acetate, lactate, and ethanol were produced in the absence of nitrate. Addition of nitrate caused disappearance of butyrate and marked decrease in ethanol amounts as well as nitrite accumulation. Acetate was the main product in this case. Formation of hydrogen, equimolar to carbon dioxide, was ceased by nitrate reduction. Molar growth yield and growing rate of cells were not changed in nitrate reduction.
Thermophile aerobe Sporenbildner bei der biologischen Reinigung hochkonzentrierter Abwässer
Authors: von Steldern D. , Ottow J. C. G. , Loll U. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA number of heat‐tolerant (28‐55 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) Bacillus‐strains was isolated from spontaneous self‐heating industrial and agricultural waste effluents, high in organic matter. The experiments were run in adiabatic vessels under laboratory conditions. Samples taken at temperatures higher than 45 °C contained primarily members of the aerobic spore‐formers (Bacillus spp.) Isolates, capable of growing at 55 °C, belonged to either B. coagulans or B. stearothermophilus. Among the 21 isolates, 12 were classified as heat‐tolerant mesophiles, the remaining number as thermophilic strains.
A rapid selective medium for the determination of trimethylamineoxide‐reducing bacteria
Authors: Debevere J. M. , Voets J. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA total of 50 Pseudomonas‐Achromobacter strains and 35 Enterobacteriaceae were tested on a selective medium for triamineoxidase activity. Stab inoculations of the organisms were made in a solid medium containing peptone, trimethylamineoxide‐hydrochloride (TMAO · HCl), optimum concentrations of Na and Mg for TMAO reduction and phenolred. Inoculated test tubes were incubated under anaerobic conditions. Positive results were obtained within 12‐18 h. Klebsiella spp., however, gave false negative results. In no case false positive results were obtained.
Oxygen uptake by Serratia marcescens
Authors: Fawole M. O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOxygen uptake was studied in cell suspensions of Serratia marcescens BIZIO supplied with various types of substrates. Of the polyols provided as substrates glycerol was the best stimulant of oxygen uptake followed by D‐mannitol and sorbitol. D‐xylitol and meso‐inositol stimulated oxygen uptake only after a long lag. The hexose sugars as well as their phosphorylated derivatives were better than the pentoses as stimulants of oxygen uptake. Ammonium accelerated oxygen uptake in the presence of fructose, glucose or mannitol. Oxygen uptake in the presence of either glucose‐l‐phosphate or glucose‐6‐phosphate was independent of NADP+, indicating a non‐enzymic system.
Cyclopenase, ein Lipoproteid der Protoplasmamembran von Konidiosporen des Pilzes Penicillium cyclopium WESTLING
Authors: Wilson S. , Luckner M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCyclopenase, an enzyme which transforms cyclopenin and cyclopenol to viridicatin and viridicatol respectively under elimination of CO2 and methylamine is a constituent of the inner side of the protoplasma membrane of the conidiospores of Penicillium cyclopium. This is shown by the following facts.The cell wall‐protoplasma membrane fraction of homogenates contains nearly all the enzyme activity.By surface active agents the membrane‐bound enzyme may be solubilized as a protein‐phospholipid complex.Cyclopenase in vivo is separated from its substrates, which at least partly are deposited in the cell wall of the conidia.By treating the solubilized enzyme‐phospholipid complex with n‐butanol it is separated into the lipid part and the enzyme protein maintaining a considerable part of its activity.The reaction of cyclopenase in the membrane bound and in the solubilized forms with and without the phospholipid part follows the MICHAELIS‐MENTEN kinetics. Changes of the pH‐optima and Km‐values indicate an alteration of the catalytic properties of the enzyme during solubilization whereas no differences in this respect were found between the soluble phospholipid complex and the phospholipid‐free enzyme.
Partial purification and properties of NADH dehydrogenase from Propionibacterium shermanii
Authors: Schwartz A. C. , Krause A. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNADH dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.6.99.3) was purified thirtyfold from the soluble proteins of the anaerobic Propionibacterium shermanii. The identity of the soluble enzyme with the NADH dehydrogenase bound to the particle fraction obtained from ultracentrifugation at 105000 · g for 3 hrs was ascertained by acrylamide gel electrophoresis, hydrogen acceptor specificity, and the close similarity of MICHAELIS constants and maximum velocity. Comparison of the properties of the soluble enzyme to NADH de hydrogenases described in the literature suggests that the isolated enzyme is the initial NADH‐oxidizing flavoprotein from the electron transport system of P. shermanii. The soluble enzyme has a molecular weight of about 215000, and preferentially reduces ferricyanide. MICHAELIS constants were 8.7 · 10−5 M for NADH, and 9.4 · 10−4 M for ferricyanide. The enzyme is inhibited by both substrates and competitively by NAD. Ki for NAD is 1.8 · 10−4 M. The absorption spectrum displays a maximum at 408 nm, indicative of the presence of non‐heme iron and labile sulfide.
Comparative study of abiogenesis of cysteine and other amino acids catalyzed by various metal ions
Authors: Bahadur K. , Sen P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe present work pertains to the study of the influence of nickel, cobalt, thorium, vanadium, molybdate, ferrous ions on the formation of cysteine which is synthesized abiogenically together with other amino acids in sterilized aqueous mixtures of ammonium thiocyanate, formaldehyde, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium acetate, and biological minerals after irradiating by artificial light. The effect of these catalysts on cysteine formation was of the order: Fe++ > Mo++ > Th++++ > V++ > Co++ > Ni.
Ultrastruktur des Pilzkernes. III. Genese des Kern‐assoziierten Organells (NAO = „KCE”︁)
Authors: Girbardt M. , Hädrich H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe nucleus‐associated organelle (NAO) is a structure, significant for division and motion of the fungal nucleus. In the basidiomycete Polystictus (= Trametes) versicolor it is composed during somatic interphase of two globular entities (GE) and the connecting middle plate (MP). Its genesis is followed electron optically by analysing serial sections of preselected stages. Genesis is strictly determined by time and space. It starts with synthesis of the new MP a few minutes upon karyokinesis has been completed. Synthesis is localized in the area of contact between old GE and outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. After growing of the MP to its maximal size both new GE's develop from swellings at its ends. Old Ge's are dissolved during this developmental process. The period of genesis takes 30–40 min and fills one third of the cell cycle. A GE‐field exhibits characteristic alterations throughout the formation of the NAO. It is composed of GE, periglobular zone, microtubules, and both caps of endoplasmic reticulum and multivesicular bodies.
Protoplastenbildung und Zellabbau bei n‐Alkan‐ernährter Candida guilliermondii und Candida spec.
Authors: Hübner Stephanie , Tröger R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMittels Schneckenenzym erfolgte Protoplastenfreisetzung bei Stämmen von Candida guilliermondii und Candida spec., die auf n‐Alkanen als einziger C‐Quelle angezüchtet wurden. Eine Vorbehandlung der Hefezellen mit Tris‐Puffer, Thioglykolat bzw. 1 M MgSO4 war für den Effekt nicht notwendig. n‐Alkan‐ernährte Candida‐Zellen waren auch gegen das Lyse‐Enzymgemisch eines Streptomyces spec. (Isolat aus Schlamm) empfindlich. Protoplastenfreisetzung und Zellabbau der Hefen waren abhängig vom Alter der Hefezellen sowie von Zellzahl und Anzuchtalter des enzymbildenden Streptomyceten.
Microbial oxidation of dehydroepiandrosterone and related compounds
Authors: Iida M. , Matsuhashi K. , Nakayama T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe oxidation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 4‐androstene‐3,17‐dione, and estrone with Streptomyces roseochromogenes NRRL B‐1233 was studied. The oxidation products were isolated and identified as 16α‐hydroxy‐DHEA, 16α‐hydroxy‐4‐androstene‐3,17‐dione and 16α‐hydroxy‐estrone. The yields of these three products were 85%, 41% and 18%, respectively. This indicates the substrate stereospecificity of 16α‐hydroxylase of the organism. An interrelationship between cell growth and the formation of 16α‐hydroxylated steroid was observed in any case. For formation of 16α‐hydroxy‐DHEA, 16α‐hydroxylase showed good activity at DHEA concentration of 3.47 × 10−4 M. In the case of DHEA, 16α‐hydroxy‐4‐androstene‐3,17‐dione and 5‐androstene‐3β, 16α, 17β‐triol were obtained after the yield of 16α‐hydroxy‐DHEA reached the maximum yield for about 30 hr. The oxidation pathway of DHEA is discussed.
Abbau von n‐Hexadecan‐1‐14C durch subzelluläre Partikeln aus Candida lipolytica
Authors: Rohde H.‐G. , Schröder Sabine , Schirpke B. , Weide H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAus Protoplasten von Candida lipolytica, Stamm 7‐3, wurden nach osmotischem Schock durch Differentialzentrifugation bei 1500, 8000 und 16000 g subzelluläre Partikeln gewonnen. Die Fraktionen katalysierten mit NADH als Cosubstrat den enzymatischen Abbau von n‐Hexa‐decan‐1‐14C. Bei Substratkonzentrationen von 0,46 bis 1,05 μmol/ml betrugen der Abbau 20 bis 75,8% und die Umsatzrate 3,5 bis 17,9 μmol · mg Protein−1 · h1. Die Reaktion war bereits nach 10 bis 15 min beendet. Die lipidlöslichen Oxydationsprodukte wurden säulenchromatographisch vom Restalkan abgetrennt. In der wäßrigen Phase des Inkubationsansatzes konnten hydrophile Reaktionsprodukte nachgewiesen werden. Außerdem wurden die von den subzellulären Partikeln absorbierten radioaktiv markierten Substanzen gemessen.
Ultrastrukturelle Verteilung der Polysaccharide bei Prototheca hydrocarbonea
Authors: Voříšek J. , Kocková‐Kratochvílová Anna 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Verteilung der Polysaccharide in den einzelnen Zelltypen von Prototheca hydrocarbonea (KOCKOVÁ‐KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ u. HAVELKOVÁ 1974) wurde untersucht. Die Reserve‐Polysaccharide vom Galaktantyp sind in Glykophoren als Einschlüsse in Form dickwandiger Blasen gespeichert, die einen Durchmesser von 1 μm erreichen können. Glykogenkörnchen liegen dagegen im Cyto‐plasma und in Glykophorenhöhlen vor. In der Zellwand von Autosporen, dickwandigen Hypnosporen und Sporangien sind die Polysaccharide homogen verteilt.
Unfolding of the chromosome of Escherichia coli after treatment with rifampicin
Authors: Dworsky P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUntil recently it has been assumed that the factors being responsible for the condensation of the DNA in the nucleoid of Escherichia coli are destroyed by rifampicin because it has been impossible to obtain folded chromosomes from cells treated with this inhibitor. In this paper it is shown by viscosity and sedimentation measurements that unfolding of the DNA does not take place during the process of the cell lysis as it should be predicted from this assumption, but is occurring distinctly afterwards. Since the observed unfolding process is too slow to be caused simply by molecular movements it is concluded that it is brought about by the action of salts or detergents of the lysis medium. The structure of the nucleoid is still intact in vivo despite inhibition of RNA synthesis by rifampicin.
Ultrastructure of Lactobacillus fermentum during early and late growth phases and during thiamine deficiency
Authors: Neujahr Halina Y. , Weibull C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThin sections of exponentially growing and stationary‐phase cells of L. fermentum from thiamine sufficient and thiamine deficient media were studied by electron microscopy. Compared to the exponential‐phase cells the stationary‐phase cells from both types of media had thicker cell walls and cross walls and fewer and smaller granules of storage material. Exponential‐phase, thiamine deficient cells had rather thin cell walls and small mesosomes.
Influence of ultraviolet irradiation on nutrient‐gleaning capacity of two unicellular algae
Authors: Kumar H. D. , Sharma Vasundhara , Bisaria G. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo unicellular algae, viz., Anacystis nidulans and Chlorella vulgaris, growing in polluted effluents, were isolated in unialgal and bacteria free culture. They were mutagenically exposed to ultraviolet radiation and variant strains endowed with differing capacities for growth and nutrient‐gleaning were successfully isolated as distinct clones on agar plates. One such clone each of the two species was tested further and found stable. While these variant strains grew more slowly than untreated controls, statistically significant differences with respect to phosphate and nitrate uptake were found between treated and control strains of the two species.
Eigenschaften der NADP+‐abhängigen Isocitratdehydrogenasen aus Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Authors: Kleber H.‐P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Eigenschaften und der Einfluß von organischen Säuren und Nucleotiden auf die Aktivität der hoch‐ (ICD I) und niedermolekularen (ICD II) NADP+‐abhängigen Isocitratdehydrogenase aus Acinetobacter calcoaceticus werden untersucht.Beide Formen des Enzyms unterscheiden sich in ihren Affinitäten zum Isocitrat, zum NADP+ und zu Mn++‐Ionen. Die ICD I ist gegenüber 2,0 M Harnstoff stabil, nach Inkubation des Enzyms bei 40° kommt es aber schon nach kurzer Zeit zu einem deutlichen Aktivitätsabfall. Die ICD II verhält sich gegen Harnstoff und Hitze genau umgekehrt.α‐Ketoglutarat und Oxalacetat hemmen, Pyruvat und Glyoxylat aktivieren nur die ICD I. Gleichzeitige Zugabe von Oxalacetat und Glyoxylat hemmt beide Formen des Enzyms. Durch AMP und ADP wird nur die ICD I aktiviert. ATP hemmt — in unterschiedlichem Grad — beide Enzymformen.
Leukaemomycin, an antibiotic with antitumor activity. I. Screening, fermentation, and biological activity
Authors: Fleck W. , Strauss D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA Streptomyces strain belonging to S. griseus (KRAINSKI) WAKSMAN et HENRICI 1948 sensu HÜTER (1967) was found to produce an antitumor antibiotic designated as leukaemomycin. The red‐pigment antibiotic, having antimicrobial and antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo, was isolated from C‐, N‐, and Fe‐containing cultures of the strains IMET JA 3933, IMET JA 5570, IMET JA 10086, and IMET JA 10431. Leukaemomycin has indicator properties and is produced by the classic procedures of submerged fermentation. The crude base of leukaemomycin consists of 4 main components, designated as leukaemomycin A, B, C, and D. The biological acitivity of the main components leukaemomycin B and C was compared. The biological activity and the physicochemical properties of leukaemomycin C are identical with known properties of the anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin.
Remarques sur les métabolismes respiratoires et fermentaires de Candida tropicalis BERKHOUT
Authors: Pons G. , Galzy J. Guiraud Et P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCandida tropicalis possède un fort pouvoir fermentaire mais elle ne présente pas ďeffet glucose. L'effect PASTEUR assure en milieu aéré un métabolisme oxydatif exclusif ce qui rend cette espèce intéressante pour des cultures industrielles sur substrats carbonés.
Eisenoxydierende stäbchenförmige Bakterien. I. Untersuchungen unter Verwendung von Fe(II)oxalat im Medium
Authors: Schulze H. , Schweisfurth R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAuf Medien mit Fe(II)oxalat wurden aus verschiedenen Standorten mit Eisenoxydation und aus AnreicherungskulturenProtaminobacter ruberundPseudomonas‐Arten isoliert, die durch Eisenoxide braun gefärbte Kolonien bildeten. Bei Anreicherungskulturen in cylindrischen Gefäßen konnten mittels schraubig angeordneter Meßstellen Eh‐ und pH‐Veränderungen ohne Störungen der Profile verfolgt werden. Respirometrische Untersuchungen erbrachten eine Förderung der Veratmung von Oxalat, Tartrat, Malat und Succinat in Gegenwart von Fe(II), das auch die CO2‐Bildung aus uniform markiertem14C‐Oxalat und dessen Einbau förderte. Ein vermehrter Einbau von CO2findet in Gegenwart von Fe(II) ebenfalls statt.