bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal consistency, intercriterion overlap and diagnostic efficiency of criteria sets for DSM‐IV schizotypal, borderline, avoidant and obsessive‐compulsive personality disorders
Authors: Grilo Carlos M. , McGlashan Thomas H. , Morey Leslie C. , Gunderson John G. , Skodol Andrew E. , Tracie Shea M. , Sanislow Charles A. , Zanarini Mary C. , Bender Donna , Oldham John M. , Dyck Ingrid , Stout Robert L. 
Published: August 2010

Objective: To evaluate performance characteristics of DSM‐IV Personality Disorders (PDs) criteria. Method: Six hundred and sixty‐eight adults recruited for the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS) were assessed with diagnostic interviews. Results:
Within‐category inter‐relatedness was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and median intercriterion correlations (MIC). Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.47 to 0.87 (median=0.71); seven of the 10 PDs had alphas greater than 0.70. Between‐category criterion overlap was evaluated by ‘inter‐category’ intercriterion correlations between all PD pairs (ICMIC). ICMIC values (median=0.08) were lower than MIC values (median=0.23). Diagnostic efficiency statistics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power and negative predictive power were calculated for schizotypal, borderline, avoidant and obsessive‐compulsive PDs. Conclusion: DSM‐IV PD criteria sets have some convergent validity and discriminant validity: criteria for individual PDs correlate better with each other than with criteria for other PDs. Diagnostic efficiency statistics provide guidance regarding usefulness of criteria for inclusion or exclusion.
Increased expression of epidermal fatty acid‐binding protein by alveolar macrophages during acute rejection of rat lungs
Authors: HOLLER JULIA , ZAKRZEWICZ ANNA , GARN HOLGER , HIRSCHBURGER MARKUS , KUMMER WOLFGANG , PADBERG WINFRIED , GRAU VERONIKA 
Published: August 2010

Holler J, Zakrzewicz A, Garn H, Hirschburger M, Kummer W, Padberg W, Grau V. Increased expression of epidermal fatty acid‐binding protein by alveolar macrophages during acute rejection of rat lungs. APMIS 2010; 118: 791–800.In the lung, epidermal fatty acid‐binding protein (E‐FABP) is expressed by alveolar macrophages (AM) and alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEII). E‐FABP may regulate macrophage activation and is involved in the metabolism of surfactant phospholipids. As macrophage activation and surfactant dysfunction are associated with rejection, we hypothesize that E‐FABP expression is changed during acute rejection of pulmonary grafts. Orthotopic left lung transplantations were performed in the Dark Agouti to Lewis and in the isogeneic Lewis to Lewis rat strain combinations. E‐FABP expression was analyzed in the lung by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Alveolar leukocytes obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage were analyzed by RT‐PCR. Immunohistochemistry of isografts revealed strong E‐FABP immunoreactivity in AEII and a moderate immunoreactivity in AM. In allografts undergoing acute rejection, AM exhibiting increased E‐FABP immunoreactivity accumulated. Immunoblots revealed a single band at 15 kDa, which corresponds to the expected molecular mass of E‐FABP. The levels of E‐FABP mRNA were higher in allografts than in isografts and control lungs. Furthermore, alveolar leukocytes isolated by bronchoalveolar lavage from allografts displayed higher E‐FABP mRNA expression levels than leukocytes from isografts and controls. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time upregulation of E‐FABP expression in AM during severe inflammation.
Prevalence and resistance patterns of extended‐spectrum and AmpC β‐lactamase in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella serovar Stanley in a Korean tertiary hospital
Authors: PARK SOON DEOK , UH YOUNG , LEE GYUSANG , LIM KWANHUN , KIM JONG BAE , JEONG SEOK HOON 
Published: August 2010

Park SD, Uh Y, Lee G, Lim K, Kim JB, Jeong SH. Prevalence and resistance patterns of extended‐spectrum and AmpC β‐lactamase in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella serovar Stanley in a Korean tertiary hospital. APMIS 2010; 118: 801–8.A total of 100 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 35), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 63), Proteus mirabilis (n = 1), and Salmonella serovar Stanley (n = 1), showing resistance to cefoxitin, or returning positive in extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL) by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) ESBL confirmatory method, were studied. The isolates were examined by the boronic acid (BA) disk test, polymerase chain reaction, and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to investigate genetic similarities. The concurrence rates for ESBLs by the CLSI and the BA disk test were 97% for E. coli and 96.7% for K. pneumoniae. A total of 41 isolates showing cefoxitin resistance yielded all positive by the BA disk test. All the 33 K. pneumoniae isolates, which showed positive by the BA disk test, were carrying AmpC genes. The TEM and CTX‐M types were predominant in E. coli and the SHV and the CIT and/or DHA types were predominant in K. pneumoniae. PFGE analysis showed almost 75% of genetic similarities among K. pneumoniae isolates producing ESBLs and/or AmpC β‐lactamases (AmpCs) as each K. pneumoniae carried variable genes and showed variable antibiotic patterns. Clearly, the BA disk test was a useful method for the detection of ESBLs and AmpCs. In particular, cefoxitin resistance and BA‐positive trait of K. pneumoniae do reflect the presence of AmpC genes in the organism.
Pulse Pressure Independently Predicts Major Cardiovascular Events in Younger But Not in Older Subjects with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Corona Giovanni , Monami Matteo , Boddi Valentina , Rastrelli Giulia , Melani Cecilia , Balzi Daniela , Sforza Alessandra , Forti Gianni , Mannucci Edoardo , Maggi Mario 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Pulse pressure (PP; i.e., the arithmetic difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure) has been suggested to be an independent cardiovascular risk (CV) factor in the general population. We previously also reported a negative association between PP and arteriogenic erectile dysfunction (ED). This finding has recently been questioned.

Aim
To verify the association of PP with ED severity and to evaluate its role in predicting forthcoming CV events.

Methods
This is an observational prospective cohort study evaluating a consecutive series of 1,687 patients attending our Andrological Unit for ED.

Main Outcome Measures
Several hormonal and biochemical parameters were studied, along with SIEDY structured interviews and penile Doppler ultrasound.

Results
Subjects with PP in the lowest quartile (I: 20–45; II: 46–55; III: 56–62; IV: 63–115 mm Hg) had a significant reduction in the risk of severe ED (RR = 0.60[0.47–0.76]; P &lt; 0.0001). When the same analysis was repeated as a function of age quartile (I = 17–44, II = 45–55, III = 56–62, and IV = 63–88 years old), after adjusting for testosterone levels, mean blood pressure, Chronic Disease Score, and body mass index, PP was inversely related to ED only in the youngest age group. During a mean follow up of 4.4 ± 2.6 years, 147 major cardiovascular events (MACE) were observed. In a Cox regression model, after adjusting for possible confounding factors, a lower PP was associated with a lower risk of MACE in the whole sample and in younger subjects, but not in the older ones.

Conclusions
Checking for blood pressure in ED subjects and calculating PP should become a routine practice in sexual medicine. In younger individuals, low PP reflects not only sexual health (better erection) but also cardiovascular health (less prevalence of MACE).
The Job Satisfaction of Female Sex Workers Working in Licensed Brothels in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Bilardi Jade E. , Miller Amanda , Hocking Jane S. , Keogh Louise , Cummings Rosey , Chen Marcus Y. , Bradshaw Catriona S. , Fairley Christopher K. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionPrevious studies have examined sex workers’ attitudes to work but not their levels of job satisfaction compared with other occupations.AimThe job satisfaction levels and standards of living of sex workers in licensed brothels in Victoria were compared with Australian women.Main Outcome MeasuresResponses to a questionnaire that included questions about sex work and their “most likely alternative job.” Survey data was compared with identical questions from the Households, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey.MethodsA structured survey was undertaken with sex workers in Victoria attending a a sexual health service.ResultsOf the 112 sex workers who agreed to participate in the study, 85 (76%) completed the survey. The median years women had been working as sex workers was three (range 0.1–18). The main reasons women started sex work was because “they needed the money” (69%), were attracted to the flexible hours (44%) or had a particular goal in mind (43%). The two biggest concerns women had about sex work were their safety (65%) and the risk of sexually transmitted infections (65%). When compared with the median job satisfaction scores of Australian women working in sex workers’ “most likely alternative jobs,” 50% of sex workers reported a higher median satisfaction score for sex work in relation to hours worked, 47% in relation to flexibility, 43% in relation to total pay, 26% in relation to job security, 19% in relation to the work itself, and 25% in relation to overall job satisfaction.ConclusionsWomen reported that they primarily do sex work for financial gain although a significant minority prefer it to other work they would be likely to do. These results should be interpreted in the context that the presence of personality disorders that are common among sex workers were not measured in this study.
Replication of Psychometric Properties of the FSFI and Validation of a Modified Version (FSFI-LL) Assessing Lifelong Sexual Function in an Unselected Sample of Females
Authors: Burri Andrea , Cherkas Lynn , Spector Timothy 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The 19-item Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) is an easy-to-administer self-report questionnaire, allowing multidimensional assessment of female sexual function and female sexual dysfunction (FSD) over the past 4 weeks. However, studies aiming to dissect the underlying pathoetiology—especially biophysiological factors—often require assessment of sexual function over a broader time frame.

Aim
The purpose of this study was to develop a modified version of the widely used FSFI which allows assessment of women’s lifelong sexual function—the FSFI-LL—and to evaluate the psychometric properties and aptness of this new version.

Methods
A total of 1,589 unselected female twins from the TwinsUK registry completed both original and new versions of the FSFI. After applying exclusion criteria, 1,489 women were eligible for this study.

Main Outcome Measure
Reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Construct validity was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Domain response differences between the original FSFI and the FSFI-LL were assessed using unpaired t-tests.

Results
The modified FSFI-LL showed adequate internal consistency reliabilities for all six dimensions and the total score (Cronbach’s α=0.79 − 0.92). Principal component analysis resulted in a best fitting five-factor solution. CFA confirmed the underlying domain structure to be same as for the FSFI, supporting the factorial validity of the modified questionnaire. In addition, successful replication of the psychometric properties of the original FSFI was demonstrated.

Conclusions
The results provide evidence of good reliability and validity of the FSFI-LL. This modified version therefore represents a suitable tool for screening lifelong sexual function in women and can be applied in trials investigating etiological factors contributing to more enduring patterns of FSD.
Increased Risk of Stroke Among Men with Erectile Dysfunction: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Chung Shiu-Dong , Chen Yi-Kuang , Lin Hsiu-Chen , Lin Herng-Ching 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Previous cross-sectional studies have suggested that erectile dysfunction (ED) represents an independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. However, very few studies have attempted to examine the association between ED and subsequent stroke.

Aim
The aim of this study is to estimate the risk of stroke during a 5-year follow-up period after the first ambulatory care visit for the treatment of ED using nationwide, population-based data and a retrospective case-control cohort design in Taiwan.

Methods
This study used data sourced from the “Longitudinal Health Insurance Database.” The study cohort comprised 1,501 patients who received a principal diagnosis of ED between 1997 and 2001 and 7,505 randomly selected subjects as the comparison cohort. Each patient (N = 9,006) was then individually tracked for 5 years from their index ambulatory care visit to identify those who had diagnosed episodes of stroke.

Main Outcome Measure
Stratified Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed as a means of comparing the 5-year stroke-free survival rate for the two cohorts.

Results
Of the sampled patients, 918 (10.2%) developed stroke within the 5-year follow-up period, that is, 188 individuals (12.5% of the patients with ED) from the study cohort and 730 individuals (9.7% of patients in the comparison cohort) from the comparison cohort. The log-rank test indicated that patients with ED had significantly lower 5-year stroke-free survival rates than those in the comparison cohort (P &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for the patient’s monthly income, geographical location, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation, and hyperlipidemia, patients with ED were more likely to have a stroke during the 5-year follow-up period than patients in the comparison cohort (hazard ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval = 1.08 − 1.54, P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
These results suggest that ED is a surrogate marker for future stroke in men.
Impact of Varicocelectomy on Gonadal and Erectile Functions in Men with Hypogonadism and Infertility
Authors: Zohdy Wael , Ghazi Sherif , Arafa Mohamad 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Previous reports linked varicocele in infertile males with Leydig cell dysfunction and hypogonadism.

Aim
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of varicocelectomy on serum total testosterone (TT) level and erectile function in men with infertility and clinical varicocele.

Methods
This study included 141 heterosexual infertile men diagnosed to have clinical varicocele. They were divided into two groups: group 1 (103 men), who had microsurgical varicocelectomy, and group 2 (38 patients), who decided to pursue assisted reproduction procedures. All participants completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-5 questionnaire and underwent semen analysis. Serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, and TT were measured both at recruitment time and 6 months later.

Main Outcome Measure
Changes in serum TT and IIEF-5 following varicocelectomy.

Results
In group 1, the mean TT level increased significantly post-varicocelectomy (379.1 ± 205.8 to 450.1 ± 170.2 ng/dL, P &lt; 0.0001). No similar change was found in group 2. Out of the 49 patients in group 1 with hypogonadism at baseline assessment (TT &lt; 300 ng/dL), 37 (75.5%) exhibited a postoperative normalization of TT. However, only 3/15 hypogonadal men (20%) in group 2 had normal testosterone levels at the second visit. IIEF-5 scores improved significantly postoperatively in patients with hypogonadism (17.1 ± 2.6 to 19.7 ± 1.8, P &lt; 0.001). Neither operating vein diameter 3.6 ± 0.57 mm nor testicular size 10.46 ± 3.3 mL correlated with the mean change in TT (71.1 ± 101.2 ng/dL) (r = 0.162, P = 0.183 and r = −0.077, P = 0.536, respectively).

Conclusions
Varicocele is associated with hypogonadism in some infertile patients. Varicocelectomy significantly improves serum testosterone in infertile men, especially those with hypogonadism. This improvement in TT level may be reflected in the IIEF score.
Nitric Oxide-Induced Vasorelaxation in Response to PnTx2-6 Toxin fromPhoneutria nigriventerSpider in Rat Cavernosal Tissue
Authors: Nunes Kenia P. , Cordeiro Marta N. , Richardson Michael , Borges Marcia N. , Diniz Simone O.F. , Cardoso Valbert N. , Tostes Rita , De Lima Maria Elena , Webb Robert Clinton , Leite Romulo 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionPriapism is one of several symptoms observed in accidental bites by the spider Phoneutria nigriventer. The venom of this spider is comprised of many toxins, and the majority has been shown to affect excitable ion channels, mainly sodium (Na+) channels. It has been demonstrated that PnTx2-6, a peptide extracted from the venom of P. nigriventer, causes erection in anesthetized rats and mice.AimWe investigated the mechanism by which PnTx2-6 evokes relaxation in rat corpus cavernosum.Main Outcome MeasuresPnTx2-6 toxin potentiates nitric oxide (NO)-dependent cavernosal relaxation.MethodsRat cavernosal strips were incubated with bretylium (3 × 10−5 M) and contracted with phenylephrine (PE; 10−5 M). Relaxation responses were evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) before and after 4 minutes of incubation with PnTx2-6 (10−8 M). The effect of PnTx2-6 on relaxation induced by EFS was also tested in the presence of atropine (10−6 M), a muscarinic receptor antagonist, N-type Ca2+ channel blockers (ω-conotoxin GVIA, 10−6 M) and sildenafil (3 × 10−8 M). Technetium99m radiolabeled PnTx2-6 subcutaneous injection was administrated in the penis.ResultsWhereas relaxation induced by SNP was not affected by PnTx2-6, EFS-induced relaxation was significantly potentiated by this toxin as well as PnTx2-6 plus SNP. This potentiating effect was further increased by sildenafil, not altered by atropine, however was completely blocked by the N-type Ca2+ channels. High concentrated levels of radiolabeled PnTx2-6 was specifically found in the cavernosum tissue, suggesting PnTx2-6 is an important toxin responsible for P. nigriventer spider accident-induced priapism.ConclusionWe show that PnTx2-6 slows Na+ channels inactivation in nitrergic neurons, allowing Ca2+ influx to facilitate NO/cGMP signalling, which promotes increased NO production. In addition, this relaxation effect is independent of phosphodiesterase enzyme type 5 inhibition. Our data displays PnTx2-6 as possible pharmacological tool to study alternative treatments for erectile dysfunction. Nunes KP, Cordeiro MN, Richardson M, Borges MN, Diniz SOF, Cardoso VN, Tostes R, De Lima ME, Webb RC, and Leite R. Nitric oxide-induced vasorelaxation in response to PnTx2-6 toxin from Phoneutria nigriventer spider in rat cavernosal tissue.
Medicinal Plants as Alternative Treatments for Female Sexual Dysfunction: Utopian Vision or Possible Treatment in Climacteric Women?
Authors: Mazaro-Costa Renata , Andersen Monica L. , Hachul Helena , Tufik Sergio 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionFemale sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a complex and multifactorial condition. An increased incidence of FSD is especially associated with the decline of estrogen. Thus, menopause is a critical phase for FSD complaints. In this context, medicinal plants may be a therapeutic option.AimTo identify and describe the popular and clinical uses of medicinal plants for FSD treatment in climacteric women. We highlighted the majority of the plants commonly involved with the female reproductive system including: Angelica sinensis, Cimicifuga racemosa, Ferula hermonis, Ginkgo biloba, Humulus lupulus, Lepidium meyenii, Tribulus terrestris, Trifolium pratense, and Vitex agnus-castus.MethodsThis study is a narrative review of studies of plants that are possible alternative treatments for FSD. The species described have clinical and popular uses in different cultures as well as medical indications for female reproductive disturbances, mainly in climacteric women. We have also analyzed the evidence level of clinical studies.Main Outcome MeasuresThe main outcome assessed is the efficacy of plants in improving the symptoms of FSD.ResultsThere is little evidence from the literature to recommend the use of medicinal plants when treating FSD. The majority of studies with a strong level of evidence are associated with the treatment of the vasomotor symptoms of menopause. Ferula hermonis, Angelica sinensis, and Gingko biloba may be suggested for arousal disorder studies. Cimicifuga racemosa, Trifolium pratense, and Vitex agnus-castus may be recommended for several FSD. Humulus lupulus and Tribulus terrestris may help with desire disorder studies. Lepidium meyenii should be studied further.ConclusionsStudies of these plants indicate that they may be useful as a possible alternative and/or complementary approach for studies aimed at the treatment of FSD. At this time, however, this review cannot recommend a plant that has a strong enough level of evidence for treatment of FSD. Thus, there is a need for clinical (double-blinded and randomized) studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of several plants that can exert a positive effect on the management of FSD.
Simple Strategies for Vaginal Health Promotion in Cancer Survivors
Authors: Carter Jeanne , Goldfrank Deborah , Schover Leslie R. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
With the population of cancer survivors nearing 12 million, an ever-increasing number of women will face vaginal health issues related to their disease and/or treatment. Abrupt menopause triggered by cancer treatment, for example, can cause intense and prolonged estrogen deprivation symptoms, including vaginal dryness and discomfort. Simple strategies to promote vaginal health are available.

Aims
To provide a comprehensive overview of vaginal health issues caused by estrogen deprivation in female cancer patients/survivors and provide recommendations to identify, treat, and promote vaginal health.

Methods
We describe a treatment algorithm, based on scientific literature and supported by clinical experience, found to be effective in treating these patients at two major cancer centers. We also provide examples of handouts for patient education on vaginal health promotion.

Main Outcome Measures
Evidence-based medicine and psychosocial literature, in addition to clinical experience at two major cancer centers.

Results
Simple, non-hormonal interventions for sexual dysfunction are often overlooked. Several studies show that education on vaginal lubricants, moisturizers, and dilator use (as needed) can decrease the morbidity of vaginal atrophy. These studies also provide support for our clinical treatment recommendations. Our goal in this article is to increase awareness of these strategies and to provide assistance to general gynecologists and oncologists caring for cancer patients and survivors.

Conclusion
Dedicating a small amount of time to educate female cancer survivors about methods to promote vaginal health can result in the reduction or elimination of vaginal discomfort. Non-hormonal vaginal health strategies often appear sufficient to remedy these issues. However, large randomized trials are needed, varying the format and components of the treatment program and exploring efficacy in various groups of female cancer survivors.