bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Servant leadership in the People's Republic of China: a case study of the public sector
Authors: Han Yong , Kakabadse Nada K. , Kakabadse Andrew 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to explore whether the Western concept of servant leadership holds the same meaning in the public sector of the cross‐cultural context of China and to identify whether there is an alternative term in the Chinese language that closely relates to the concept of servant leadershipDesign/methodology/approachAn inductive approach is adopted based on critical incident technique, using an open‐ended survey to collect the data.FindingsIt was found that the concept of servant leadership holds parallel meaning in China to that of the West and that the Chinese concept of servant leadership can be described precisely as public servant leadership in the public sector and servant leadership in the non‐public sector. When asked to characterize Chinese servant leadership in the public sector, the study respondents consider six types of servant leadership similar to the West but also three types of Chinese extended servant leadership.Originality/valueThe paper is a first attempt to examine servant leadership in the public sector in China. It not only reports various forms of Chinese servant leadership orientation, but also compares and contrasts various servant leadership forms between China and the West, highlighting research gaps for future research within the context of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the West.
Organisational commitment, role tension and affective states in audit firms
Authors: Garcia Alice , Herrbach Olivier 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between auditors' organisational commitment, role tension and affective states at work.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a questionnaire survey of 150 Big Four auditors and a two‐step longitudinal design.FindingsThe results show that auditors experience both significant positive (such as pride) and negative (such as irritability) workplace affect. Moreover, organisational commitment is correlated with auditors' experiencing more frequent positive affect at work, while role conflict is correlated with experiencing more frequent negative affect.Research limitations/implicationsAffect was not measured in real time, but through self‐reports. Future research could study how and under what conditions auditors experience positive and negative emotions.Originality/valueThis is one of the few studies that has sought to research the affective dimension of audit work.
Investor reactions to disclosures of material internal control weaknesses
Authors: Ittonen Kim 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine investor reactions to material internal control weakness disclosures. In particular, the abnormal returns, the change in volatility, and the change in systematic risk are analyzed around auditors' material weakness reports.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consists of 342 firms with initial Sarbanes‐Oxley Act, Section 404 weakness disclosures issued between 2005 and 2007. The paper uses three measures for investor reactions: abnormal returns and the change in volatility and systematic risk. The hypotheses of the paper are investigated using univariate analysis.FindingsThe initial results imply surprisingly that the material weakness disclosure is good news to investors. However, after controlling for the preceding management's internal control disclosure, the results show that the abnormal reaction is positive only when the audit report is consistent with the preceding management report. In addition, the results show a significant change in volatility after the auditor's weakness disclosure.Research limitations/implicationsThese results imply that the investor reactions to auditors' material weakness disclosures depend on the content of the preceding report issued by management: there is a positive reaction if management has identified and reported the existing material weaknesses before the auditor, and a negative reaction when management has failed to identify or report the material weaknesses before the auditor.Originality/valueThe findings of this paper emphasize that the value of the information contained in the auditors' material internal control weakness disclosures vary significantly depending on management disclosures.
The relationship between accounting students' love of money and their ethical perception
Authors: Elias Rafik Z. , Farag Magdy 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how accounting students view cheating actions inside and outside the classroom. It relates the love of money, a psychological variable, to the ethical perceptions of accounting students by examining their cheating perceptions.Design/methodology/approachA survey is developed based on cheating actions and the love of money scales and administered to 213 undergraduate and graduate accounting students in two universities in the western US students' perceptions of cheating are measured. Students are classified according to their love of money as money‐worshippers, money‐repellants, or careless money‐admirers.FindingsAccounting students view cheating actions outside the classroom as more unethical than cheating actions inside the classroom. The love of money is significantly related to perceptions of cheating. Money worshippers view cheating actions as more ethical followed by money‐admirers and money‐repellants who view such actions as more unethical.Research limitations/implicationsThe surveyed students may not be representative of all students in the USA. In addition, perceptions of cheating may not determine cheating behavior.Practical implicationsInstructors should continue to emphasize the importance of ethical behavior. Future employers should consider the love of money as an important psychological variable related to ethical perception in their hiring decisions.Originality/valuePrevious research founds that classroom cheating can be used to predict future workplace cheating among accounting employees. The study is the first to examine the relationship between the love of money and cheating among accounting students.
Can private pensions be trusted? A cross‐national review
Authors: Hyde Mark , Dixon John 
Published: March 2010

PurposeFor much of the scholarly literature regarding retirement, private pensions are incapable of engaging the trust of those who depend on them. However, this appraisal is flawed by its one‐dimensional emphasis on the importance of social solidarity to trust. The purpose of this paper is to develop an assessment of the private sector against a broader range of contingencies that may impact on public confidence in pensions.Design/methodology/approachThis task is approached by reporting the findings of a cross‐national comparative study of existing mandated private pension provision. The country‐specific arrangements are compared in terms of the programme design requirements of six trust benchmarks.FindingsA reliance on the private sector is not necessarily incompatible with trust in retirement provision. Its trust‐enhancing potential is exemplified by the design of mandated private pensions in Switzerland and the UK.Research limitations/implicationsProgramme design is not the only important influence on public confidence in pensions. Furthermore, the weighting of the benchmarks and their corresponding design features needs further consideration.Practical implicationsThe evaluation provides a foundation for cross‐national policy learning and transfer, by highlighting elements of the design of mandated private pensions that are compatible with trust.Originality/valueUnlike much of the scholarly work in this field, the assessment defines and operationalises trust in terms of a comprehensive range of contingencies that may impact on public confidence in pensions. Building on this foundation, it provides the first cross‐national review of the capacity of private pensions to build and sustain trust.
Development of Zakah and Zakah coverage in monotheistic faiths
Authors: Samad Abdus , Glenn Lowell M. 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe unity of Divine Law is reflected in monotheistic faiths having their origin with Prophet Abraham (pbuh), but later divided into three major religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. There is a unity of Divine practice in a variety of areas among these monotheistic faiths. One such area is Zakah, in Islamic tradition, and often characterized as “the poor due” in Christianity and Judaism. By whatever name, Zakah or “the poor due,” is an important Divine institution in all three monotheistic faiths. The purpose of this paper is to trace and examine the development of the Zakah institution and Zakah type coverage in those faiths.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the paper provides a brief description of the meaning and objectives of Zakah (the poor due) and the group of people who have been described as worthy to receive Zakah. Additional sections trace the development of Zakat (the poor due) in Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. Finally, some conclusions are presented for the consideration of the reader.FindingsThe administration and process for distribution of Zakah in contemporary Muslim states varies depending on the school of Islamic thought most prevalent in that society and the level of theocratic involvement of the government in those societies.Originality/valueThis paper usefully examines the development of the Zakah institution and Zakah type coverage in the three monotheistic faiths.
Socio‐economic conditions of child labor
Authors: Abdul Hai Akhtar , Fatima Ambreen , Sadaqat Mahpara 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the extent and the effect of socio‐economic and demographic factors that lead to the phenomenon of child labor in the fishing sector of Balochistan (province of Pakistan).Design/methodology/approachIn order to explore the objectives, the paper first develops simple hypothesis followed by descriptive and regression analysis.FindingsThe findings of the paper show that in the coastal areas about 30 percent of the children are involved in fishing. It is observed that the main cause of child labor is not poverty it comes out to be low quality of education, lack of job opportunity, and lack of development.Research limitations/implicationsThe data used for the assessment cover wide‐spread coastal areas but still have some limitation for several reasons. First, it is rapid assessment done to gain the first hand knowledge about the extent of child labor and their socio‐economic culture they belong too. Second, the official data do not include information on education and employment facilities in these towns. Thus, severity may not be truly reflected.Practical implicationsEducation with training needed to improve fishing skill may help in this regard. The state of education also needs improvement as high illiteracy and dropout rates reflect inadequacy.Originality/valueExtent of child labor in these towns is not reported by any official statistics. This paper attempts to provide the picture of the severity of the problems and its probable causes.
Photochromic properties of 1′,3′,3′‐trimethyl‐6‐nitrospiro[2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2,2′‐indoline] doped in PMMA and epoxy resin thin films
Authors: Bahajaj A.A. , Asiri A.M. , Alsoliemy A.M. , Al‐Sehemi A.G. 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the photochromic performance of photochromic compounds in polymer matrices.Design/methodology/approachThe poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and epoxy resin doped with photochromic spirobenzopyran were prepared and the effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation were studied using spectrophotometer. The reversible reaction was effected using white light. Photochemical fatigue resistance of these films was also studied.FindingsIrradiation of colourless 1′,3′,3′‐trimethyl‐6‐nitrospiro[2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2,2′‐indoline] spiropyran (SP) doped in PMMA and epoxy resin with UV light (366 nm) results in the formation of an intense purple‐red coloured zwitterionic photomerocyanine (PMC). The reverse reaction was photochemically induced by irradiation with white light. Photocolouration of SP doped in PMMA follows a first‐order rate equation (k=0.0011 s−1), while that doped in epoxy resin deviates from linearity. It was found that photobleaching follows a first‐order equation in both matrices. The photobleaching rate constant of PMC in both matrices is the same and equals 0.0043 s−1. Spirobenzopyran doped in PMMA shows better fatigue resistance than that doped in epoxy resin.Research limitations/implicationsThe PMMA and epoxy resin polymers doped with photochromic spirobenzopyran described in the present paper were prepared and studied. The principle of study established can be applied to any type of polymer or to any type of photochromic compounds.Practical implicationsThe photochromic materials developed can be used for different applications, such as coatings and holography.Originality/valueThe method developed may be used to enhance the performance of photochromic materials.
Corrosion inhibition and adsorption properties of ethanol extract of Gongronema latifolium on mild steel in H2SO4
Authors: Eddy N.O. , Ebenso E.E. 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the inhibitive and adsorptive characteristics of ethanol extract of Gongronema latifolium (GL) as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in H2SO4.Design/methodology/approachThe inhibition efficiencies were evaluated using thermometric and hydrogen evolution techniques.FindingsThe inhibition efficiency of ethanol extract of GL vary with concentration of the extract, period of immersion and with temperature. The extract acts as an inhibitor because of its phytochemical and amino acid composition. The extract is adsorbed spontaneously on the surface of mild steel according to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The mechanism of physical adsorption is proposed from the trend of the inhibition efficiency with temperature and the values of some kinetic and thermodynamic parameters obtained.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provides information on the use of ethanol extract of GL as a corrosion inhibitor. Electrochemical studies such as polarisation and alternating current impedance spectra will throw more light on the mechanistic aspects of the corrosion inhibition.Practical implicationsEthanol extract of GL can be used as an environmentally friendly inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in H2SO4.Originality/valueThis environmentally friendly inhibitor could find possible applications in metal surface anodising and surface coatings.
Effect of inorganic additives on some properties of NBR vulcanizates
Authors: Hussain A.I. , Abadir I.F. , El Marsafy S.M. 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effect of incorporating some inorganic fillers, namely aluminium oxide and aluminium hydroxide on the rheological, mechanical and thermal behaviour of acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) vulcanizates.Design/methodology/approachFor improving physico‐mechanical properties of NBR vulcanizates, various compositions were made by incorporating different concentrations of employed fillers with NBR. These properties included the torque, cure time, tensile strength, elongation at break, swelling, diffusivity, as well as thermal behaviour of the loaded and unloaded NBR with fillers were characterised.FindingsThe incorporation of the two investigated fillers improves the thermal behaviour of the vulcanizates, especially aluminium hydroxide. All samples showed more or less a first order decomposition kinetics, for which the activation energy ranged from 177 to 187 kg/mol.Research limitations/implicationsNBR is extensively used industrially for its single, most important property, which is an exceptional resistance to attack by oils and solvents. However, incorporation of fillers in (NBR) leads to the development of improved, competitive properties of the vulcanizate. A further study must be carried out on the flame retarding effect of the fillers, beside the effect of surface treatment of the fillers on the dispersibility and physico‐mechanical properties of the vulcanizates.Practical implicationsThe use of two investigated fillers provided a simple and practical solution to improving the resistance to swelling in motor and break oil as well as the thermal behaviour of the NBR.Originality/valueThe use of these fillers was novel and could be used in many rubber industries especially in gasket and oil seals.
Tailored ferrites‐kaolin anticorrosive hybrid pigments in solvent‐based paints for protection of cold‐rolled steel
Authors: Ahmed Nivin M. , Selim Mohamed M. 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine a new easy route to obtain high performance and economic anticorrosive hybrid pigments based on kaolin and ferrite. The new route is based on depositing a surface layer of an expensive efficient anticorrosive pigment (ferrite) on a bulk of cheap extender pigment (kaolin). The combination of these pigments can add improved properties to the new pigment different from each of its individual components. These improved properties lead to imparting new properties to paint films containing these prepared pigments.Design/methodology/approachThe new prepared hybrid pigments contain different concentrations of deposited ferrite on kaolin surface, are determined using X‐ray fluorescence analysis to estimate the concentration of each element in the pigments. The pigments are characterised using different spectro‐photometric and analytical methods to prove the deposition of the shell layer and elucidate the structure of their particles. Then, they are incorporated in anticorrosive paint formulations, where their presence in these formulations is between 50 and 75 per cent of the total pigments in the paint formula. A model of the mechanism of protection to the metal substrate is presented.FindingsThe results show that the presence of these hybrid pigments imparts excellent corrosion protection to steel substrates, in spite of their different concentrations and loadings in the paint films.Practical implicationsThese pigments can be applied in other polymer composites, e.g. rubber and plastics as filler and reinforcing agent.Originality/valuePrepared pigments are eco‐friendly and can replace other hazardous pigments (e.g. chromates) – also it can replace original ferrite pigments. These pigments can compensate for the presence of other known pigments in markets successfully. The main advantage of these pigments is that they combine both the properties of their counter‐parts, and they are of lower cost than the original inhibitive pigment (ferrite). Also, they can be applied in other industries other than paints, e.g. paper, rubber and plastics composites.
Clickers in instruction: one campus, multiple perspectives
Authors: Keogh Patricia , Wang Zhonghong 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine attitudes toward the use of clickers, as well as practicalities and pedagogical considerations that inform them. Drawing on interviews from a variety of viewpoints at one institution of higher education, this paper aims to situate a librarian perspective among those of teaching faculty, administration, and students.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a case study of a single institution of higher education in which the experiences of teaching faculty, an administrator, and a library faculty member are gathered using semi‐structured interviews. Student opinions are obtained through the use of a focus‐group interview.FindingsThis paper provides attitudes and experiences of nursing teaching faculty who use clickers in their instruction, an administrator who purchased clickers for his department, and a library faculty member who uses clickers in bibliographic instruction, as well as those of nursing students who used the technology in class.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of the nature of the research method employed, reported results may not be universally generalizable.Practical implicationsThis paper may help inform the choices of those deciding to use clickers in their instruction.Originality/valueThis paper fulfills an identified need to analyze reactions to clicker use in instruction among students, instructors, and other program participants, including librarians.
The use of handheld mobile devices: their impact and implications for library services
Authors: Cummings Joel , Merrill Alex , Borrelli Steve 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to carry out a survey in order to better understand the nature of handheld mobile computing use by academic library users and to determine whether there is a significant demand for using the library services with these small screen devices.Design/methodology/approachA survey is created to measure whether people want to access an OPAC with a small screen. Additionally, through open‐ended questions, the survey attempts to gain a broader understanding of handheld mobile computing's impact on, and implications for, the services provided by academic libraries.FindingsA total of 58.4 percent of respondents who own a web‐enabled handheld device indicate that they would use small screen devices, such as PDAs or web‐enabled cell phones to search a library OPAC.Originality/valueThe increasing prevalence of handheld mobile computing devices such as PDAs and web‐enabled cell phones warrants investigation as to its impact on libraries. This study examines an academic library user population and the potential demand for using the library's catalog with handheld mobile computing devices