bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of serology in active ocular toxoplasmosis
Authors: PAPADIA M , ALDIGERI R , HERBORT CP 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Toxoplasmic serology in suspected toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is mostly regarded as unnecessary. Our purpose was to examine toxoplasmic serology in relation with episodes of acute retinochoroiditis and evaluate its utility in appraisal of the patient. Methods Data of patients with active retinochoroiditis were retrospectively analyzed and compared to a group of uveitis cases in which toxoplasmosis as a diagnosis could be ruled out based on clinical appearance and to a group of patients with a quiescent toxoplasmic retinal scar. The mean values of enzymatic immunoassay (EIA) titers for toxoplasmic antibodies were compared in the three groups. Furthermore the proportion of cases under and above a predefined serology value fixed at four times the cut‐off value was compared in all groups. Results Between 1995 and 2009 97 out of 1276 (7.6%) new uveitis cases seen at Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care (COS), Lausanne, Switzerland were diagnosed as toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. The mean EIA values were 147.75 ± 259.4 IU for patients with active disease, 18.93 ± 23.09 IU for inactive toxoplasmosis cases and 18.35 ± 20.82 IU for controls (p<0.015). The proportion of cases under the designated limit value were respectively 2/51 (4%) in the retinitis group, 14/27 (52%) in the control group and 7/7 (100%) in the group with inactive toxoplasmic disease (p<0.001). Conclusion Toxoplasmosis serology, in contrast to what is usually said, is useful to confirm active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis; it is easy, cheap and backs‐up clinical diagnosis in up to 96% of cases. Serology is however absolutely essential in establishing the diagnosis in atypical cases where it should be performed.
Angiographic patterns in ocular syphilis
Authors: BALASKAS K , SERGENTANIS T , GIULIERI S , GUEX‐CROSIER Y 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To describe angiographic patterns encountered in the context of ocular syphilis and to offer statistical associations between specific angiographic manifestations and severity of disease presentation as well as disease evolution after treatment. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the Fluorescein and ICG angiograms of 23 patients with ocular syphilis presented to the Uveitis clinic of the Jules‐Gonin Eye Hospital. FA and ICGA were performed following a standard protocol for posterior uveitis. Patterns of fluorescence were noted and subsequently statistical associations between each angiographic pattern and any demographic, clinical or laboratory parameter at baseline and after treatment were sought. Results Vasculitis in fluroangiography exhibited a statistically significant association with vitritis (p=0.020) and a borderline association with macular oedema (p=0.086). Disc hyperfluorescence in fluroangiography was significantly associated with seropositivity for HIV infection (p=0.012). The presence of any Dark Dots in ICGA significantly correlated with anterior uveitis (p=0.013) and marginally with vitritis (p=0.034) and relapse of inflammation after proper antibiotic treatment (p=0.066). An important association between the presence of Hot Spots on ICGA and longer duration of symptoms prior to initial visit was also identified (p=0.007). Conclusion Out of the several associations identified implicating specific angiographic features, we underline the possible predictive value of the presence of any Dark Dots in ICGA for future relapse of inflammation after treatment and the role of Hot Spots in ICGA as markers of long‐standing disease.
Intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex®) in patients with chronic uveitis
Authors: THURAU SR , GRüTERICH M , REZNICEK L , KAMPIK A 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®) in eyes with chronic uveitis with or without cystoid macular edema. Methods A consecutive series of 20 eyes from 18 patients, mean age 49 +/‐21 years, with chronic uveitis (>3 years), 13 eyes with and 7 eyes without cystoid macular edema (CME), was included. Visual acuity, foveal retinal thickness, a full ophthalmological examination and immunosuppressive medication were obtained before injection and over the course (54 days +/‐41 days) after injection. Results In all eyes dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®) could be implanted successfully. Mean visual acuity (LogMAR) increased from 0.82 to 0.65 after an average of 35 days. CME disappeard in 8 of 13 eyes after 35 days (median) and was reduced in 5 eyes. Immunosuppressive medication could be reduced in 9 of 11 patients, 2 patients continued their medication because of their second uveitic eyes. The main intraoperative complications were one subconjuctival substance‐release before scleral penetration, a postoperative increase of intraocular pressure in 5 of 20 eyes, which could be controlled with topical therapy, one retinal detachment and one dislocation of the device into the anterior chamber in an aphacic and vitrecomized eye. First loss of efficacy was observed 3‐4 months after injection. Conclusion Dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®) can improve visual acuity and reduce CME and concomitant immunosuppressive medication in patients with chronic uveitis. The observed efficacy lasts for at least 3 months, we suggest a contraindication for aphacic eyes.
New spectrum of Herpes virus‐associated anterior uveitis in immunocompetent patients: a PCR‐based study
Authors: FEL A , ROSENBERG F , BOJANOVA M , TOUITOU V , AKNIN C , CASSOUX N , LEHOANG P , BODAGHI B 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To study clinical characteristics and long term follow up of patients with positive viral PCR in the aqueous humor. Clinical specificities of patients with HSV, VZV ans CMV infection are reviewed. Methods 34 patients (19 M/15F) were included in this retrospective study.We counted the repartition of each virus among the positive viral PCR in the aqueous humor realised for anterior uveitis. We also noticed clinical features for each virus :sex, age, laterality, iris atrophy, synechiae, hypertonia, type and localisation of keratic precipitates, glaucoma. Results Mean age at diagnosis was 49.5 (range 19‐73) years for CMV, 64 (range 21‐69) years for VZV, 53 (range 32‐72) years for HSV. Sex ratio (M:F) was 10/9 for CMV, 4/2 for VZV and 5/3 for HSV positive patients. Viral anterior uveitis was CMV‐related in 58% of cases, VZV‐related in 15% of cases, and HSV‐related in 27% of patients. Uveitis was unilateral in 100% of HSV and VZV patients and in 84% of CMV patients. Iris atrophy, when present, was diffuse in 100% of CMV positive patients and sectoral in 50% HSV and 20% of VZV patients. No patient with CMV infection had synechiae, but 56% of patients had synechiae in the HSV group. Glaucoma complicated uveitis in 79% of CMV cases, 60% of VZV cases, and 56% of HSV cases. None of the patients with positive PCR had the clinical presentation of Fuchs heterochromic cyclitis. Conclusion CMV‐related anterior uveitis has a large place among viral anterior uveitis. Specific clinical features should lead to high suspicion of this diagnosis, and PCR should be applied to the aqueous humor in order to initiate the appropriate treatment.
Lacrimal gland: non‐neoplastic and neoplastic lesions in Denmark 1974‐2007
Authors: HEEGAARD S , VON HOLSTEIN SL , THERKILDSEN ML , PRAUSE JU 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate patient characteristics and incidence of lacrimal gland lesions in Denmark during the period 1974‐2007. Methods All biopsied/surgically removed lacrimal gland lesions collected by the Danish pathological departments during the period 1974‐2007 were identified by SNOMED codes. In each case age, gender, symptoms, clinical findings, treatment and follow‐up were registered. All tumours were re‐classified according to latest guidelines from WHO. Results 229 lacrimal gland lesions from 209 patients were identified during the 34‐year period. In the study period 7 cases/year were registered (1.3 cases/million/year). Non‐neoplastic lesions predominated with a total of 114 (50 %) with the most frequent being inflammation 63 (55%), normal lacrimal gland tissue 28 (25%) and dacryops 23 (20%). Benign tumours comprised a total of 45 (20%) with the most frequent tumour being pleomorphic adenoma 31 (69%). Malignant tumours constituted a total of 70 (31%). 52 (74%) of these were primary tumours, 9 (13%) were secondary invading tumours, 8 (11%) were local recurrences and 1 (1%) was a distant metastasis. Primary malignant tumours comprised malignant lymphoma 25 (48%) and malignant epithelial tumours 27 (52%). The most frequent malignant tumour was adenoid cystic carcinoma comprising 14 (27%) of the primary malignant tumours. Conclusion Lacrimal gland lesions are rare and primarily benign. Treatment of malignant lacrimal gland tumours should be considered a specialist treatment.
Epithelial tumours of the lacrimal gland
Authors: COUPLAND SE 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To provide an overview of benign and malignant epithelial neoplasms arising in the lacrimal gland. Methods In the normal orbit, the lacrimal gland is clinically impalpable and is situated in the lacrimal fossa posterior to the superotemporal orbital rim. The gland is not truly encapsulated and is divided into the deep orbital and the superficial palpebral lobes by the levator aponeurosis. The retrospective study of 265 epithelial tumours of the lac¬rimal gland conducted by the Armed Forces Institute of Pa¬thology (AFIP) improved our understanding of the histologic classification and clinical behavior of epithelial tumours of the lacrimal gland. The historic works of Forrest (1954) and Zimmerman (1962) alleviated confu¬sion by applying to epithelial tumours of the lacrimal gland the histopathologic classification of salivary gland tumours. Epithelial tumours originating from the lacrimal gland should be staged according to the 7th Edition of the Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) system, which is a modification of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of salivary gland tumours. Results The most common benign epithelial tumour of the lacrimal gland is the pleomorphic adenoma. The most common lacrimal gland carcinomas include adenoid cystic carcinoma, “carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma”, primary adenocarcinoma & mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The regional lymph nodes include: preauricular, submandibular and cervical lymph nodes. The lung is the most common metastatic site, followed by bone and remote viscera. Conclusion Subtyping & grading of lacrimal gland epithelial tumours requires the latest WHO/AFIP classifications. Staging of these tumours should follow the 7th TNM system. Collection of datapoints is essential to identify biomarkers, which includes only nuclear N23 and MIB‐1 at present.
Fusion oncogenes in adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: VON HOLSTEIN SL , FEHR A , STENMAN G , PRAUSE JU , THERKILDSEN MH , HEEGAARD S 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary glands have a consistent t(6;9)(q22‐23;p23‐24) translocation. A recent study have shown that this results in fusion of the transcription factor gene MYB and the transcription factor gene NFIB which leads to activation of critical MYB target genes. The purpose of the study was to determine the expression of the MYB‐NFIB fusion in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinomas. Methods Primary lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinomas in Denmark during 1974‐2007 were collected and classified according to the latest WHO classification system. The formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumours were analyzed using RT‐PCR for detection of MYB‐NFIB fusion transcript. 10 other non‐adenoid cystic carcinomas of the lacrimal gland were also tested for the fusion. Results A total of 13 patients with a primary adenoid cystic carcinoma were identified in Denmark during the 33‐year period. The median age at diagnosis was 41 years and the gender distribution was equal. Using RT‐PCR the fusion transcript could be detected in five (38%) of the 13 cases. The fusion was the transcript variant MYB exon 14 linked to NFIB exon 8c in all five cases. None of the non‐adenoid cystic carcinoma cases expressed the MYB‐NFIB fusion. Conclusion The MYB‐NFIB fusion is expressed in adenoid cystic carcinomas of the lacrimal gland. The result of the study supports the suggestion that the MYB‐NFIB fusion is specific for adenoid cystic carcinoma. This is the first study to evaluate the frequency of the MYB‐NFIB fusion in adenoid cystic carcinomas in the lacrimal gland.
Development of a health believe model (HBM) scale for glaucoma
Authors: GOULIA O , ZLATANOS D , GKIKA M , TSEKOYRA A 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To create scales to measure Health Belief Model (HBM) concepts using the context of glaucoma screening. Methods HBM addresses the individual’s perceptions of the threat posed by a health problem (susceptibility, severity), the benefits of avoiding the threat, and factors influencing the decision to act (barriers, cues to action, and self‐efficacy). The scales, based on the HBM, were designed from a review of literature as there is no other study on eye diseases based on the model. The dependent variable chosen for scale development was glaucoma awareness in a population visiting a general eye clinic. Independent variables were constructs related to the HBM. A pilot study of the first preliminary version of the scale was conducted with 10 participants. Results showed that the questions were understandable for these individuals and results of this pilot study were not included in the larger study. The final scale constitutes of four subscales on perceived susceptibility, three on perceived severity, two on received benefits, four on perceived barriers, one on cues to action and one on self efficacy. All subscales used a summated Likert format with five response options (strongly disagree‐strongly agree). Results Chronbach Alpha analysis was used to compute reliabilities. Scales that were judged valid and reliable were susceptibility (0.73), severity (0,72), benefits (0,79), barriers (0,80), cues to action (0,77) and self efficacy (0,74). Factor analysis provided initial support for construct validity of the scales. Conclusion The HBM scale of glaucoma was determined to be valid and reliable for use in the Greek population.
The relationship of health beliefs and prevention behaviours of Greek individuals with family history of glaucoma
Authors: GOULIA O , ZLATANOS D , GKIKA M , RASOGLOU A 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Since glaucoma is a serious, progressive and leading to blindness eye disease, a study based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) scale was conducted, in order to identify the relationship of health beliefs and prevention behaviour among Greek blood relative individuals diagnosed with glaucoma. Methods A correlation study using the HBM framework was undertaken.498 Greek subjects of both genders, from two urban and two rural health centres with mean age of 46, 86 ± 13,49 years participated in this study. A 15‐item HBM glaucoma questionnaire in Greek language, with responses recorded on 5‐point Likert scale was used as a reserce tool.Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Only 42% of the participants were aware of glaucoma complications and its risk factors. However, few subjects practiced preventive measures because of lack of perceived seriousness of glaucoma and lack of perceived susceptibility to complications. There were statistically significant correlations (p<0.05) between prevention behaviours and perceived severity, susceptibility and barriers, between subject’s education level and perceived severity and susceptibility as well as between subject’s angle closure type of glaucoma and severity. There was no significant correlation between health beliefs and gender, occupation, residence or social security status. Conclusion Lack of information and education about glaucoma was evidenced. Information generated from this social cognition model could be a useful tool to set future educational programs that address those beliefs, attitudes and behaviours so as to promote preventive health behaviour for glaucoma among the relatives and the general population.
Intraocular pressure and associated factors: the central India eye and medical study
Authors: BEUTELSPACHER SC , JONAS JB , NANGIA V , MATIN A , SINHA A , KULKARNI M , BHOJWANI K 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To determine intraocular pressure (IOP) range in a rural Indian population and to evaluate existing and identify potential new ocular, medical, and socioeconomic factors associated with IOP. Methods This is a population‐based study performed in Nagpur in Central India. Single IOP measurement was taken using Goldmann applanation tonometry and population IOP was described using standard descriptive statistics.Over 200 independent variables were entered into logistic regression analysis and variables with significant P‐values (P<0.05) were entered into a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results Of 5885 eligible subjects, 9338 eyes of 4686 subjects were included in the study. Mean IOP was 13.6±3.4 mmHg. In multivariate regression analysis, the following factors, with coefficients of determination and P‐values reported in parentesis, were found to be associated with IOP. Ocular factors included higher corneal power (0.12;P=0.004), lower central corneal thickness (0.02;P<0.001), and higher myopic refractive power (‐0.13;P=0.001). Medical factors included diastolic blood pressure (0.05;P<0.001), pulse rate (0.02;P=0.005), and body mass index (0.05;P=0.01). Conclusion Low mean IOP was found when compared to other epidemiologic studies and this may be explained by the low central corneal thickness found in the study population. Several known ocular and medical factors as well as new socioeconomic factors were found to be associated IOP. Identifying risk factors associated with IOP in different populations may allow clinicians to better define and recognize subgroups of patients at risk for elevated IOP. Newly identified socioeconomic‐IOP associations will need to be validated.
Evaluation of the ICareTM‐one rebound tonometer as a self measuring intraocular pressure device
Authors: MOUSTAKA L , STERGIOPOULOS G , AMARIOTAKIS G , PEPONIS V , PAROIKAKIS E , MITROPOULOS P , PATSEA L , HALKIADAKIS I 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To investigate whether the ICare one rebound tonometer (ICRBT) can provide accurate measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the hands of an inexperienced user and to compare ICare measurements with Goldman tonometry (GAT). Methods A trained examiner instructed each of 60 normal subjects on use of the ICRBT. Each subject then measured his/her own pressure using the ICRBT. Finally, a different examiner, who was masked to the earlier readings, measured IOP by GAT. Results All of the subjects were able to obtain accurate measurements with ICRBT after three attempts. Mean intraocular pressures (IOPs +/‐ SD) obtained using the two instruments were GAT 16.5 +/‐ 3.7 mmHg; and ICRBT 17.9 +/‐ 3.6 mmHg. The 95% LoA for ICRBT‐GAT were from ‐2,5 to +5.7 mmHg Conclusion The ICRBT was accurate and reliable in the hands of normal subjects and may be used for self monitoring of IOP.
Mathematical model for biomechanical estimation of the data obtained in ophthalmologic procedures based on the application of a static load to the human eye.
Authors: MOISEEVA IN , LYUBIMOV GA , STEIN AA 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To develop a mathematical model that makes it possible to analyze the interaction of various mechanical factors involved in the intraocular pressure formation and to apply it to processing the results of ophthalmologic procedures based on static load application. Methods The mathematical model that represents the eyeball as an elastic water‐filled shell is constructed. The intraocular volume is regulated by a dynamic balance between the liquid inflow (aqueous humor secretion) and outflow (drainage from the eye through the trabecular meshwork and the uveoscleral pathways) and assumed to be a function of the intraocular pressure and the elastic and geometric characteristics of the system. The effect of the hydrodynamic conditions in the blood vessels and osmotic pressure differences is taken into account. Results The model was tested, using clinical measurement data, for different hypotheses concerning the dependence of the outflow and inflow resistances on the intraocular pressure, the effect of the plasma proteins on the intraocular pressure formation, etc. Applying the model to processing standard clinical tests, we can obtain an additional parameter characterizing the aqueous humor dynamics. Conclusion The model developed is a useful tool for analyzing, by comparing with experimental data, a possible role of different mechanisms in mass transfer processes in the eye. In particular, the hydrodynamic in‐ and outflow characteristics can be estimated from the change with time of the tonometric pressure under an applied load. The general form of the model makes it possible to take, if necessary, additional effects into account.
Corneal biomechanical properties associated with glaucoma damage.
Authors: DEL BUEY MA , CRISTOBAL BESCOS JA , ASCASO FJ , LAVILLA L , CASAS P , CRUZ N , RAMIRO P 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose We measured the impact of corneal hysteresis (CH), a measure of viscous damping in the cornea, and corneal resistance factor (CRF), highly correlated with central corneal thickness (CCT), to determine the effect of the glaucoma damage on these two parameters. Methods 130 eyes of 65 adult patients were classified into two groups (control group and glaucoma group). Measurements of CH and CRF on the Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer, and measurements of CCT by ultrasonic pachymetry were made. In the glaucoma group we reviewed the chart to determine highest known intraocular pressure (IOP), target IOP, diagnosis, years with glaucoma, cup‐to‐disk ratio (CDR), mean defect (MD), and presence or absence of visual field progression. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0 for Windows. Results Control group (56 eyes): The mean age was 43.29 years (SD 15.35), 26 were male. Glaucoma group (74 eyes): All eyes had a diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma. The mean age was 56.38 years (SD 13.49), 40 were male. The mean hysteresis in normal eyes was 11.15 (SD 1.37) while in glaucomatous population was 9.71 (SD 1.89). A lower corneal hysteresis value (P<0.05) was associated with glaucomatous eyes with visual field progression, which causes a change in the measured compensated intraocular pressure. No effect on CRF was observed. Conclusion The biomechanical properties of the cornea are modified according to the pathology. CH is significantly higher in the normal group than in the glaucoma group. In glaucoma group lower CH was associated with progressive field worsening. We found no effect of progressive field worsening on the CRF.