bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change and runoff from agricultural catchments in Norway
Authors: Deelstra Johannes , Øygarden Lillian , Blankenberg Anne‐Grete B. , Olav Eggestad Hans 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of extreme weather conditions on runoff, nutrient, and soil loss from agriculture‐dominated catchments at different locations in Norway.Design/methodology/approachFour catchments have been selected to study the potential effects of climate change on runoff and nutrient loss. The catchments are part of the Agricultural Environmental Monitoring Programme in Norway (JOVA) and represent different climatological conditions, agricultural production systems/practices, and soil types. Different characteristics were calculated on the basis of existing measurements and evaluated with respect to climate change.FindingsIn four selected catchments, climate change is predicted to lead to an increase in runoff. Under similar land use and tillage methods, this will most likely lead to an increase in nutrient and soil loss. Milder winters as a consequence of climate change might lead to extreme runoff conditions and severe erosion, caused by a combination of frozen soil, snowmelt, and intense rainfall. Existing large diurnal variations in discharge have to be taken into consideration in the future design of hydrotechnical implementations. Information about the potential effects of climate change on runoff generation, the magnitude of the different hydrological flow paths, and their potential effects on nutrient and soil loss processes is necessary in choosing the right mitigation measures.Originality/valueLong time series on runoff and water quality (such as those collected in small agriculture‐dominated catchments as part of the Agricultural Environmental Monitoring Programme in Norway (JOVA)) are rare, but indispensable in evaluating the potential effects of climate change on nutrient and soil loss.
Impact of rainfall on microbial contamination of surface water
Authors: Tryland Ingun , Robertson Lucy , Blankenberg Anne‐Grete B. , Lindholm Markus , Rohrlack Thomas , Liltved Helge 
Published: November 2011

PurposeIncreased annual precipitation and more frequent episodes with heavy precipitation are expected in Norway due to climate change. The purpose of this paper is to use two case studies to investigate effects of precipitation on the amounts of faecal indicator bacteria and parasitic protozoa (Cryptosporidium and Giardia) loaded to surface waters from catchment areas exposed to different faecal sources.Design/methodology/approachIn the first case study, the loads of faecal indicator bacteria and Cryptosporidium and Giardia, were investigated in relation to precipitation in a stream from a small valley where cattle and sheep are grazed. In the second case study, historical data (monthly values from 2004‐2009) regarding faecal coliforms and water flow in five tributaries (urban and rural) of a lake used as a drinking water source, were used for calculating loads of faecal indicator bacteria. These loads were evaluated in relation to historical data on precipitation. Additional sampling during/after rainfall, including analysis of samples for Cryptosporidium and Giardia, was performed.FindingsThe study visualises how heavy rainfall may increase the load of faecal microorganisms and potential pathogens in Norwegian water sources.Originality/valueThis study provides supplementary information about microbial contamination (including by parasites) of Norwegian surface waters during or after rainfall. This is useful input for decision making regarding protection of vulnerable water sources and for risk assessments. Data are also provided for evaluation of water treatment needs for Norwegian municipalities and waterworks responsible for providing safe drinking water under future climatic conditions.
Preparations for climate change's influences on cultural heritage
Authors: Haugen Annika , Mattsson Johan 
Published: November 2011

PurposeIn Norway the most critical effects of climate change are predicted to be increased rain and snow, higher temperatures, increased wind loads, and sea‐level rise. This will increase the number of floods and landslides, along with more cycles around the freezing point and increased exposure to high moisture. The main issue for protecting Norway's historical monuments from climate change is how to be aware of and how to handle the coming problems. One challenge is to define and give this information to heritage owners and local authorities. The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the practical threats related to climate change, and provide suggestions for mitigation and adaption strategies.Design/methodology/approachTheoretical information of the problem is useful at a general level, but the practical impact has to be used at a local level. Improved knowledge about the risks for deterioration at different exposure levels, thorough surveys, and practical solutions, can significantly reduce the negative effects. This knowledge must reach the people that have local and daily contact with the cultural heritage. Information to the owners and responsible authorities about the normal risk of deterioration and how to identify risks related to climate change is crucial.FindingsThe main results of the authors' work is a methodology dealing with the problem step‐by‐step production of a web‐site based on fact sheets for heritage owners and managers. The fact sheets are divided amongst different subjects and are designed to be informative and easy to use for owners and responsible authorities.Originality/valueThe results presented in this paper will increase the knowledge of how owners of cultural heritage can be prepared for climate change on a practical, hands‐on level. This can, for example, be done by a brief overall analysis of the threats of the cultural heritage in a specific municipality. The analysis can be summarised in a list of increased possible risks, with direct practical information given to those needing it, and placed online. This would enable detection of and reaction to warning signs of an unusual situation. Information, training and production of both general and specific plans for action in case of extreme situations are also important in order to prevent the negative effects of climate change.
Managing biodiversity of floodplains in relation to climate change
Authors: Museth Jon , Johnsen Stein I. , Walseng Bjørn , Hanssen Oddvar , Erikstad Lars 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the importance of floodplains in preserving biodiversity, and call attention to alternative ways of managing floodplains in relation to probable scenarios of climate change.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 20 water bodies on the floodplain at Flisa along the River Glomma (Hedmark County, Eastern Norway) were investigated with regards to crustacean zooplankton and water beetle species richness.FindingsBoth on a national and regional scale, the species diversity in the investigated water bodies was high. A total of 57 crustacean plankton and 77 water beetle species were recorded. Of these, ten and eight were new records of zooplankton and water beetle species in Hedmark County, respectively. Seven recorded water beetle species were specified in the 2010 Norwegian Red List of Species. Further, the localities on the Flisa floodplain are relatively unique with regard to the composition of species compared to other investigated localities in Hedmark County.Social implicationsFloodplains are intensively used and are considered as among the most threatened ecosystems in the world. More frequent and less predictable floods can be expected in the future due to climate change's influence. In some settings more frequent larger floods may work to re‐establish the connectivity, but larger floods might also result in demand for construction of more extensive flood mitigation measures.Originality/valueThe results from this case study underpin the high biodiversity of floodplains, an ecosystem infrequently examined in Norway. The results of this study are of importance regarding management and maintenance of ecosystem services (e.g. biodiversity and water retention) from floodplains.
Climate change knowledge acquisition in Norway's municipalities
Authors: Inge Orderud Geir 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to document and analyse the information network available to municipal mayors in Norwegian municipalities and environmental officers in the municipal administration, covering both public and private information sources.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a quantitative methodology. Survey data from a sample of all Norwegian municipalities are analysed, and explorative statistics, correlations and regression analysis are applied.FindingsThe most important information sources for Norwegian mayors are science, the County governor's environmental department and the municipal environmental officer, with consultancy playing a minor role. In the case of science, it is noticeable that females, central municipalities, and the disciplines of humanities and environment contribute to the strong position of science. Furthermore, the left axis of politics increases the quantity of intra‐municipal information sources. The most important contact points for the environmental officer are the County Governor and other primary municipalities. The county municipality, consultancy and research are of lesser importance. It is noticeable that full‐time environmental officers have a broader climate change information network than part‐time officers. Furthermore, a higher level of education is linked to increased interaction with other public sector actors.Practical implicationsThe study documents a multi‐level governance of networking. The differences between full‐time and part‐time environmental officers should stimulate a debate and motivate further research to determine whether funding full‐time positions by the central government could foster more effective local climate change policies.Originality/valueThe study's value lies in its contribution to the climate governance literature, deepening our understanding of the role of different information sources and actors in facilitating sound climate change and environmental policies.
Role of World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) in seafood eco‐labelling policy in Japan
Authors: Gondor Darek , Morimoto Hideka 
Published: November 2011

PurposeDrawing on original and published research this paper seeks to examine the current situation of eco‐labelling in Japan, and the possible roles of two connected non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) – the Marine Stewarship Council (MSC) and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) – may have in future decision making.Design/methodology/approachA mixed‐method survey approach is used. Two quantitative surveys are followed by unstructured interviews of stakeholders in fisheries and eco‐labelling policy.FindingsEnvironmental values of Japanese seafood consumers are complex and not explained by any one demographic factor. Environmental problems are becoming complex, and solutions are being sought from beyond the bureaucratic circles, including NGOs. However, neither WWF nor MSC are important stakeholders in policy decisions, but their influence is growing, particularly through relationships with private sector.Research limitations/implicationsInterviews do not offer a representative sample; important inferences but not causative conclusions can be made.Originality/valueThe paper contributes new findings on environmental values, MSC products, and the decision making situation surrounding seafood eco‐labels in Japan.
Innovation and its potential in the context of the ecological component of sustainable development
Authors: Bakhtina Victoria A. 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to discuss technology transfer – and its role in climate change mitigation – within the United Nations framework of sustainable development. Innovation is broadly considered as a tool to bring about breakthrough results in climate change alleviation. To ensure that innovative technology serves sustainable development, a massive international effort on the part of the regulators is required to create an integrated legislative framework to standardize eco‐innovation policies worldwide. To facilitate a global ecological regulatory framework, it is essential to use universal measurement tools which provide input to the decision‐making process at an international level, and address the mechanism of monitoring progress.Design/methodology/approachThe concept of eco‐innovation potential is introduced as one of the inputs to the decision‐making process on the global level. A composite index with such constituents as ecological balance (deficit or reserve), innovation, and energy intensity of economy, is built. The concept of innovation credits is introduced.FindingsThe simulation shows that ecological balance can potentially be increased for countries with greater eco‐innovation potential. The innovation credits can be given to countries with the highest eco‐innovation potential to foster eco‐innovation and perform technology transfer.Originality/valueEarlier research developed focus on innovation as a means to transition to sustainable development and to create climate positive technological regimes applied at a national or industry level. The paper illustrates that the eco‐innovation potential index can be applied globally and can provide key input to the decision‐making process at a global level.
Measuring the costs and benefits of promoting social inclusion
Authors: Shepherd Geoff , Parsonage Michael 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review representative literature on social inclusion and evaluate the usefulness of the concept in current mental health policy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs a selective review of the cost‐effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving social inclusion in children, young adults with first episode psychosis and unemployed adults of working age.FindingsSocial inclusion remains a useful concept in understanding both the causes of mental health problems and how these might best be addressed. Although measurement is not easy, it can be operationalised through a mixture of subjective and objective indicators. There is strong evidence for the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving social inclusion for the groups selected. These findings provide strong support for prioritising these interventions, especially in times of severe financial restrictions.Research limitations/implicationsThe selection of literature for review limits the generalisability of the conclusions.Originality/valueThe paper sets out a clear and simple analysis of the concept of social inclusion and how it may be measured. It also brings together the cost‐effectiveness literature on attempts to improve social inclusion for three, key high‐risk groups. The paper strongly supports the value of retaining the concept of social inclusion, despite the fact that it has become temporarily unfashionable.
More than words – intergenerational participation and mental health
Authors: Ball Amy , Cummerson Rivkah 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe paper aims to describe intergenerational participation work undertaken at Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust with young and older people using mental health services where participants learn how to interview, role play, and put radio shows together.Design/methodology/approachIn this case study, younger and older people reflect on age and mental health discrimination through the production of radio programmes.FindingsRadio provided fun and the acquisition of new skills, resulting in a product that could reach a wide audience. Intergenerational work gave participants an opportunity to challenge stereotypes and gain confidence, with positive effects on personal recovery and social inclusion.Social implicationsThe radio programme invites listeners to challenge their own prejudices in relation to age and mental health.Originality/valueThe project is innovative in its intergenerational approach, its partnership between the NHS and an outside media facilitator, and the collaboration between participation workers across health departments.
Homelessness is more than houselessness: a psychologically‐minded approach to inclusion and rough sleeping
Authors: Seager Martin 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to identify and remedy a fundamental absence of psychological thinking in the current conceptual framework underpinning services for homeless people.Design/methodology/approachAfter describing the psychological limitations of current approaches to homelessness, an attempt is made to define what a psychologically‐minded service culture would look like and the concept of “re‐homing” is introduced. The concept of “psychologically informed environment” is explored as one important practical development in this direction. A brief case study is used to illustrate the power of re‐homing.FindingsFindings and observations relating to the lack of psychologically‐informed practice within current approaches to homelessness and mental health are reported.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper lies in its identification of a clear psychological basis for limitations within the current service paradigm for homelessness people and its provision of a new and pragmatic concept of “re‐homing” based on the psychological‐mindedness that is already to be found in other aspects of human society and culture.
The creative cycle: receiving and giving help in a black and minority ethnic counselling service
Authors: Costa Beverley 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to provide an overview of Mothertongue, a multi‐ethnic counselling service which offers volunteering opportunities for people from a range of black and minority ethnic (BME) backgrounds. The paper aims to explore the roles that volunteers occupy, the ways these have changed over the life of the organisation, and the ways in which they provide opportunities for social inclusion.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a descriptive account of the project with discussion of the challenges the organisation has faced during its development.FindingsMothertongue provides a safe community space for individuals in distress to try out a range of activities and roles through its volunteering opportunities; and to move between dependency, independence, and the ability to offer support to others. The volunteering opportunities promote social inclusion for both clients and volunteers – offering possibilities to meet with people from a wide range of cultures.Originality/valueThere are limited expositions of the ways in which a BME counselling service can develop a non‐clinical volunteering arm which develops people's often undervalued skills of bilingualism.
A management framework for the built environment: BEM2/BEM3
Authors: Madritsch Thomas , Ebinger Matthias 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a process capability assessment tool to identify process maturity levels in the “built environment management” disciplines in various industries.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers investigated and evaluated current FM/RE management models and analysis tools and developed an assessment tool to measure Facility Management (FM) capability of an organization. The “Built Environment Management Model” (BEM2) is a process framework for FM/RE, which is extended into the “Built Environment Management Maturity Model” (BEM3) to measure FM/RE maturity. Using the tool, the research team analyzed the FM capability of more than 50 organizations with major real estate portfolios in the USA and Europe (primarily Austria).FindingsBEM2 and BEM3 provide a simple, yet comprehensive tool set for the FM/RE industries. The resulting capability profiles provide a high‐level overview of current practices in FM. Further, the capability profiles allow organizations to benchmark their FM capability against peer groups and industry leaders.Research limitations/implicationsThe two models are currently limited to a description of processes and are as such explaining the sequence and maturity of FM/RE business processes. The do not yet address the skill sets and capabilities required to effectively perform these functions. The integration with existing models in organisational and project management can also be further explored.Practical implicationsThe capability profiles allow organizations to benchmark their FM capability against peer groups and industry leaders. The findings will help to further professionalize FM functions to raise the efficiency of organizational processes.Originality/valueThe proposed contributes to the discussion on standardization and taxonomy development in the FM/RE discipline. It draws principles from related management models and applies them successfully in FM and real estate management.
Multi‐criteria decision making for collaborative design optimization of buildings
Authors: Raphael Benny 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to improve current design processes by proposing a new approach based on multi‐criteria optimization of the designed asset. Management of design in construction projects is a complex task since it involves collaboration between professionals in multiple disciplines. Traditionally, designers work with a single solution at a time which is iteratively modified according to the view points of all the consultants. This results in sub‐optimal solutions. A multi‐criteria approach is able to accommodate diverse view points of specialist consultants in a construction project, aiming at a better optimized building system.Design/methodology/approachThe shortcomings of current design practices are analyzed based on a literature review. It is found that current approaches involving single objective optimization or Pareto optimization are not adequate for supporting collaborative design processes. A new approach to managing multiple objectives in design is proposed. This involves performing multi‐objective optimization, presenting a population of good solutions to the design consultants and selecting the best solution through an algorithm called RR‐PARETO2 (Relaxed‐Restricted Pareto) filtering. A software tool with a graphical user interface was developed. An example of the design of a building façade is taken to evaluate the application of this approach.FindingsThe paper provides empirical evidence that a multi‐objective optimization approach is able to provide support for the task of accommodating multiple viewpoints in design. The proposed methodology allows navigation through the solution space and pruning it visually by applying constraints. It is shown that the RR‐PARETO2 is able to select a good compromise solution with the best trade‐offs among all the objectives.Originality/valueThe idea of visualizing and filtering a population of design solutions has been proposed by design researchers for a long time, but is not currently adopted in practice in construction projects. The idea of collaborative filtering of the solution space according to the viewpoints of all the consultants by visually applying constraints on design variables and objectives is a new concept, the ultimate aim being a better balanced built asset. This is the first time the RR‐PARETO2 algorithm has been applied to building design.