bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isothermal differential scanning calorimetry study of a glass/epoxy prepreg
Authors: Hayaty Mehran , Beheshty Mohammad Hosain , Esfandeh Masoud 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIsothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the curing behavior of epoxy prepreg Hexply®1454 system, based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DEGBA)/dicyandiamid (DICY) reinforced by glass fiber. Cure kinetics of an autocatalytic‐type reaction were analyzed by general form of conversion‐dependent function. The characteristic feature of conversion‐dependent function was determined using a reduced‐plot method where the temperature‐dependent reaction rate constant was analytically separated from the isothermal data. An autocatalytic kinetic model was used; it can predict the overall kinetic behavior in the whole studied cure temperature range (115–130°C). The activation energy and pre‐exponential factor were determined as: E = 94.8 kJ/mol and A = 1.75 × 1010 sec−1 and reaction order as 2.11 (m + n = 0.65 + 1.46 = 2.11). A kinetic model based on these values was developed by which the prediction is in good agreement with experimental values. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Central nervous system involvement at the time of presentation in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Collins Chelsea , Knoderer Holly 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) involvement is rarely observed in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML). Most cases of CNS involvement occur at relapse rather than at presentation. Because of the extremely low incidence of CNS disease, diagnostic lumbar puncture is not routinely required and prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy is not routinely administered. Here, we describe a teenage patient with newly diagnosed APML, chloromas, and symptomatic CNS involvement confirmed by MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in a child with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kobayashi Daisuke , Wofford Marcia M. , McLean Thomas W. , Lin Jen‐Jar 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe report a 5‐year‐old female who presented with unexplained acute renal failure (ARF) and hyperuricemia and who was subsequently diagnosed of T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Peripheral smear was initially unremarkable. She required hemodialysis. Two weeks later, peripheral smear showed 40% blasts and bone marrow demonstrated T‐cell ALL. Our case was the fifth and the youngest case of ALL with spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome. However, in contrast to previous reports in ALL or acute myeloid leukemia, our patient did not have blasts noted on periphereal blood smear and her white blood cell count and serum lactate dehydrogenase level were normal on admission, a time when dialysis‐dependent ARF and severe hyperuricemia were present. Occult hematologic malignancy should be considered in cases of ARF and hyperuricemia of unknown etiology even when peripheral hematologic findings are not informative. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:773–775. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pancreatic tumors in children and adolescents: The Italian TREP project experience
Authors: Dall'Igna Patrizia , Cecchetto Giovanni , Bisogno Gianni , Conte Massimo , Chiesa Pierluigi Lelli , D'Angelo Paolo , De Leonardis Francesco , De Salvo Gianluca , Favini Francesca , Ferrari Andrea ,   on Behalf of the TREP Group
Published: December 2009

AbstractIntroductionMalignant pancreatic tumors are exceedingly rare in pediatric age and their clinical features and treatment usually go unappreciated by most pediatric oncologists and surgeons.MethodsFrom January 2000 to July 2009, 21 patients <18 years old with pancreatic tumors were prospectively registered in the Italian cooperative TREP project dedicated to very rare pediatric tumors.ResultsTumor types were 4 pancreatoblastomas, 2 pancreatic carcinomas, 3 neoplasms of the endocrine pancreas, and 12 solid pseudopapillary tumors. Three of the four patients with pancreatoblastoma had advanced disease at diagnosis and were given chemotherapy; at the time of this report, three patients were alive in first remission, while one died due to treatment toxicity. Both the cases of pancreatic carcinoma had the acinar cell subtype and successfully underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with complete tumor resection, remaining without evidence of disease at the time of this analysis. The histological diagnoses of the three endocrine tumors were a malignant islet cell tumor, a gastrinoma, and a well‐differentiated tumor. All 12 patients with solid pseudopapillary tumors underwent complete tumor resection and were given no adjuvant treatment; 11 were alive in first remission, while one experienced a local and distant relapse 5 years after diagnosis.ConclusionsSurgery remains the keystone of treatment for pancreatic tumors in pediatric age as in adults. The TREP project shows that prospective cooperative studies are feasible even for such very rare tumors as these and may serve as a model for developing international cooperative schemes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:675–680. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of perfluorinated arylenevinylene polymers
Authors: Cardone Antonio , Martinelli Carmela , Pinto Vita , Babudri Francesco , Losurdo Maria , Bruno Giovanni , Cosma Pinalysa , Naso Francesco , Farinola Gianluca M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFully fluorinated arylenevinylene polymers have been synthesized via a methodology based on the Stille cross‐coupling reaction and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. Investigation of thin film properties by cyclic voltammetry and ellipsometry shows that complete substitution of hydrogen atoms with fluorine atoms on the conjugated backbone of the poly(arylenevinylene)s results in a strong increase of the band gap. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 285–291, 2010
Study on incomplete fluorescence quenching of cationic poly(p‐phenylenevinylene)s with different contents of cis‐ and trans‐vinylic linkages
Authors: Zhang Guang‐Wei , Lu Xiao‐Mei , Fan Qu‐Li , Huang Yan‐Qin , Huang Wei 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFluorescence properties of a series of cationic poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) (PPV) derivatives with different contents of cis‐ and trans‐vinylic linkages quenched by Fe(CN) were intensively investigated. PPVs with cis‐/trans‐vinylic linkages display downward Stern‐Volmer curves indicating incomplete quenching. The fluorescence quenching mechanism and the effect of many factors possible on the incomplete quenching has been examined, and the difference of the quenching behavior of two isomers was investigated, which further confirmed that the presence of cis‐vinylic linkages would most probably cause inaccessible fluorophores and thus the incomplete quenching. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Macromolecular brushes synthesized by “grafting from” approach based on “click chemistry” and RAFT polymerization
Authors: Wu Dongxia , Song Xiaohui , Tang Tao , Zhao Hanying 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWell‐defined macromolecular brushes with poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) side chains on random copolymer backbones were synthesized by “grafting from” approach based on click chemistry and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. To prepare macromolecular brushes, two linear random copolymers of 2‐(trimethylsilyloxy)ethyl methacrylate (HEMA‐TMS) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) (poly(MMA‐co‐HEMA‐TMS)) were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization and were subsequently derivated to azide‐containing polymers. Novel alkyne‐terminated RAFT chain transfer agent (CTA) was grafted to polymer backbones by copper‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (azide‐alkyne click chemistry), and macro‐RAFT CTAs were obtained. PNIPAM side chains were prepared by RAFT polymerization. The macromolecular brushes have well‐defined structures, controlled molecular weights, and molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn ≦ 1.23). The RAFT polymerization of NIPAM exhibited pseudo‐first‐order kinetics and a linear molecular weight dependence on monomer conversion, and no detectable termination was observed in the polymerization. The macromolecular brushes can self‐assemble into micelles in aqueous solution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 443–453, 2010
Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched polystyrene via click reaction of AB2 macromonomer
Authors: Kong Li‐Zhi , Sun Miao , Qiao Hua‐Ming , Pan Cai‐Yuan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWell‐defined hyperbranched polystyrenes have been successfully prepared by polymerization of AB2 macromonomer, polystyrene containing an azide group at its one end and two terminal propargyl groups at the other end via click reaction. For preparation of AB2 macromonomers, an ATRP initiator, bispropargyl 2‐bromosuccinate (BPBS) with two propargyl groups and one bromine group was synthesized by the successive bromination and esterification reaction of L‐aspartic acid. The resulting BPBS initiated the ATRP of St, and subsequently, the terminal bromine groups of (CH≡C)2‐PS‐Brs were substituted by N3 via the reaction with sodium azide resulting the AB2 macromonomer, (CH≡C)2‐PS‐N3 with various molecular weights. All intermediates and the resultant polymers were characterized by GPC, 1H NMR, FTIR, and MALLS methods. The polymerization kinetics study showed fast increase of DP at the initial stage of polymerization and then slow increase of their DP. The final “HyperMacs” have high‐molecular weight up to Mw,MALLS = 340,000 g/mol, their molecular weight distributions were moderately narrow (Mw/Mn = 1.47–1.65). The ratios of [η]H/[η]L of the HyperMacs formed in the polymerization system increased with evolution of polymerization. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 454–462, 2010
Surface adsorption‐induced conformational ordering and crystallization of polyethylene oxide
Authors: Geng Yong , Wang Guanglin , Cong Yuanhua , Bai Liangui , Li Liangbin , Yang Chuanlu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe conformational ordering and crystallization of polyethylene oxide (PEO) in the presence of KBr surface were studied with in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). KBr was chosen because of its low absorption on IR, which allows adding large amounts KBr into PEO matrix without sacrificing IR signal significantly. The presence of KBr enhances conformational order well above the melting temperature of PEO, which can further accelerate or decelerate the crystallization process. Low concentrations of KBr powder in the PEO melt promotes crystallization process, whereas high concentration of KBr restricts large portion of PEO chains on KBr surfaces, which hinder the diffusion and rearrangement of conformation and consequently slow down the crystallization process. Acceleration of crystallization requires a synergetic effect between the adsorbed chains with ordered conformation and the free chains with a fast diffusion rate, where the former and the later are responsible to lower the nuclei barrier and to maintain the low activation energy of diffusion, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 106–112, 2010
Shear‐induced structuring kinetics in thermoplastic segmented polyurethanes monitored by rheological tools
Authors: Mourier Elise , Fulchiron René , Méchin Françoise 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThermoplastic segmented polyurethanes (TPUs) are an important class of thermoplastic elastomers with a two‐phase microstructure arising from the thermodynamic incompatibility between hard (HSs) and soft segments. This microphase separation observed on cooling from a homogeneous state is often combined with the solidification of either or both types of segments. In this study, the structuring mechanism of two TPUs with HSs based on 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4‐butanediol was investigated from rheological measurements. Hence, in addition to the structuring temperature influence, the effect of an applied preshear flow in the melt polymer was analyzed, in particular. The results clearly show an enhancement of the solidification kinetics by the preshear. Indeed, the measured structuring time can be reduced by more than 1 decade. Rheo‐optical microscopy observations coupled with a shearing hot stage corroborated these results and showed the modification of the microstructure by the shear. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 190–201, 2010
Classification of patterned ground based on morphometry and site characteristics: a case study from the High Sudetes, Central Europe
Authors: Treml Vaclav , Krizek Marek , Engel Zbynek 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAbout 750 examples of patterned ground forms at 25 sites in the High Sudetes mountains (Czech Republic) were classified using morphometric characteristics and environmental parameters. Simple parameters such as length, width and height of patterned ground were measured in the field, with additional variables of elevation, intensity of deflation and regolith grain size. The surface morphometry of patterned ground, comprising relict sorted polygons and sorted nets and active earth hummocks, was strongly influenced by site characteristics. Sorted net dimensions were affected by the intensity of deflation, which determined the micro‐relief (positive correlation), and regolith coarseness, which negatively impacted the diameter of landforms. For sorted polygons, opposite relations concerning diameter and regolith coarseness were observed. The use of both morphometric and environmental variables within canonical linear discriminant analysis was successful in classifying almost 95 per cent of landforms. The advantage of combining the two types of predictors was demonstrated by the presence of both earth hummocks and sorted polygons at wind‐swept sites, but with significantly different morphometric and regolith requirements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of HMG‐CoA reductase therapy on serum PSA
Authors: Mener David J. , Cambio Angelo , Stoddard David G. , Martin Brad A. , Palapattu Ganesh S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐CoA (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitors, otherwise known as statins, inhibit the enzyme that controls the conversion of HMG‐CoA to mevalonate, a precursor for cholesterol. Statins may be important to prostate cancer biology by inhibiting cell growth, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of statin therapy on serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels.METHODSThe computerized medical records at the University of Rochester Medical Center were used to identify men who filled statin prescriptions between May 31st, 2008 and September 30th, 2008. Men with at least one PSA assay performed within 2 years before and at least one PSA assay performed within 1 year after starting a statin medication were included. The primary endpoint was the change in PSA concentration computed as the difference between PSA levels before and after starting a statin medication. Paired t‐tests were used to analyze the mean differences in PSA values.RESULTSA total of 962 patients were identified. The mean difference in serum PSA level after statin administration was −0.29 ng/ml (−8.04%). Subgroup analyses for mean PSA concentration change before and after statin administration by age group revealed: 50–59 years old (−0.1609, 95% CI: −0.2444, −0.0775, P < 0.0002), 60–69 years old (−0.3393, 95% CI: −0.4641, −0.2145, P < 0.0001), and >70 years old (−0.351, 95% CI: −0.490, −0.212, P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSThese observations suggest a statistically significant reduction in serum PSA level that is associated with the onset of statin therapy. Prostate 70: 608–615, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The efficacy of Echinacea in a 3‐D tissue model of human airway epithelium
Authors: Sharma M. , Schoop R. , Hudson JB 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe evaluated the antirhinovirus efficacy of a standardized preparation of Echinacea purpurea (Echinaforce®) in a 3‐dimensional organotypic model of normal human airway epithelium (EpiAirway™ tissue). Individual replicate tissue samples, maintained as inserts in culture for 3 days or 3 weeks, were infected with rhinovirus type 1A (RV1A), Echinacea alone, a combination of the two, or medium only. None of the treatments affected the histological appearance or integrity of the tissues, all of which maintained a high level of cell viability and preservation of cilia. RV infection resulted in increased mucopolysaccharide inclusions in the goblet cells, but this feature was reversed by Echinacea treatment. This result was confirmed by measurements of mucin secretion, which was stimulated by RV but reversed by Echinacea, suggesting that mucus production during colds could be ameliorated by Echinacea. We did not find evidence of virus replication, although the RV‐infected tissues secreted substantial amounts of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐8 (CXCL8), and this response was reversed by Echinacea treatment. These results confirmed previous findings derived from studies of bronchial and lung epithelial cell lines, namely, that RV infection results in a substantial inflammatory response in the absence of virus replication. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ethyl acetate extract of Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells
Authors: Park Hye‐Jin , Choi Se Young , Hong Se mi , Hwang Sung Gu , Park Dong Ki 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIt is well known that Phellinus linteus has a variety of biological functions, such as antitumor and immunomodulating activities. In our previous studies, we developed a P. linteus grown on germinated brown rice (PBR) and found that organic solvent extracts of PBR possessed immunomodulating activity to regulate a balance of cytokine network in mice. The components of PBR are ergosterol peroxide, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and B‐glucan. In this study, we demonstrate that an organic solvent extract of P. linteus grown on PBR induced apoptotic cell death through the induction of G0/G1 arrest of cell cycle and the apoptosis via DNA fragmentation in human colon carcinoma HT‐29 cells. Cell death induced by the extract of P. linteus grown on PBR was shown to be associated with the upregulation of p21CIP1/WAF1, the downregulation of cyclin D1, anti‐apoptotic protein, Bcl‐2, the release of cytochrome c, and the activation of caspase‐9, caspase‐3 and caspase‐8. This study suggests that the ethyl acetate extract of P. linteus grown on PBR induces apoptosis accompanied by cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and regulates apoptosis‐regulatory proteins, which may be applicable to anticancer therapy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification of cellulose‐based packaging materials for enzyme immobilization
Authors: Mascheroni Erika , Capretti Giorgio , Marengo Mauro , Iametti Stefania , Mora Luigi , Piergiovanni Luciano , Bonomi Francesco 
Published: December 2009

AbstractActive cellulose‐based packaging materials were prepared by binding lysozyme to paper modified with anionic polyelectrolytes. Polyelectrolytes improve the paper binding capacity towards the positively charged lysozyme and play a protective role towards lysozyme activity during the paper‐making process. The charge density of paper was increased by incorporating carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or polygalacturonic acid (PGA). The presence of either CMC or PGA greatly increased the amount of bound lysozyme, and the stability of its binding towards buffers or towards non‐ionic chaotropes which disrupt the three dimensional structure in macromolecules (urea, 8 M). Binding of lysozyme to modified papers was sensitive to anionic detergents (sodium dodecyl sulphate, 1%) and to non‐chaotrope salts (NaCl, 0.5M). These data provide information about the nature of the interactions between the protein and the various types of paper, and provide insights on how to preserve the activity of lysozyme‐loaded paper. The polymers used for lysozyme immobilization were found to affect only marginally the structural and functional properties of the antimicrobial protein, and to facilitate the recovery of structural features of the protein after heat treatment. Presence of a negative polyelectrolyte (and of CMC in particular) improves the thermal stability of the protein, making it resistant to thermal inactivation, even under the conditions used for drying processes without compromising the paper's mechanical properties. The activity measurements showed that paper‐bound lysozyme retains its lytic (and therefore, antimicrobial) activity against the cell walls of Micrococcus lysodeikticus, the target microrganism used as standard for lysozyme bioassays. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Colonization and succession of stream communities in Glacier Bay, Alaska; What has it contributed to general successional theory?
Authors: Milner Alexander M. , Robertson Anne L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSuccession is a key concept in ecology and its study has generated well known and highly debated theories on mechanisms by which communities are assembled, including the relative role of deterministic and stochastic pathways. The contribution of stream ecosystems to general successional theory, particularly primary succession, has been extremely limited due to the lack of long‐term studies on stream channels at a large enough spatial scale. We suggest that the study of succession in streams in Glacier Bay, southeast Alaska where rapid ice recession has occurred may offer one of the few examples of the tolerance model as a major mechanism of macroinvertebrate community assembly; the majority of macroinvertebrate taxa, with the exception of the cold‐tolerant first colonizers, have persisted within the community following colonization. Relative abundance has however changed markedly over time. In contrast, a meiofaunal component of the invertebrate community exhibited poor persistence with numerous extinctions. Stream successional processes may be unique in being closely linked to, and markedly influenced by, processes in other ecosystems, particularly the terrestrial environment. Stream succession in Glacier Bay also demonstrates differences from terrestrial succession in the number of reset mechanisms that can cause communities to significantly shift to an earlier successional stage or at least allow the persistence of early colonizers, including the loss of flow buffering lakes, floods and redd construction by spawning salmon. We suggest in these streams community assembly initially follows deterministic pathways due to the overriding influence of water temperature but as temperatures exceed 7°C then stochastic mechanisms influence succession and community assembly. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.