bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Cutaneous Malignancies in Eastern Rajasthan
Authors: Swain Phanindra K. , Singh Suresh , Bhalgat Bhushan S. , Kumar Pravin , Lakhera Kamal K. , Patel Pinakin , Sharma Raj G. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Cutaneous malignancies are rare with respect to other malignancies. The distribution of various histologies of these malignancies is not uniform. We aimed to study the distribution of these malignancies and their epidemiological pattern in Eastern Rajasthan with the data collected from various pathology labs in Jaipur.

Methods:
In this retrospective chart review we analysed the data of 453 patients presenting with histopathologically proven cutaneous malignancies to four major pathology departments and labs in Jaipur, Rajasthan. We recorded the distribution of these histologies according to incidence, age of presentation, gender and site predilection. The data was subsequently analysed using statistical methods.

Results:
Squamous cell carcinoma (36%)was the most common histology which was closely followed by basal cell carcinoma(31%). Malignant melanoma (13%) was the third most common histology to present. Other less common histologies to present were dermatofibrosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, non hidgkin lymphoma etc. The age range varied from 14 to 90 years. The mean age of presentation was 54.3 years. Male had a slight preponderance (1.36 times more than females)overall. Except Bcc, which had a female preponderance. Head and neck(38.41%) was the most common site to be affected overall followed by lower limbs(31.56%).

Interpretation:
The idea of distribution of these rare malignancies in our part of the country will not only help us in proper surgical management but also in educating the public about the possible causes and the need for early intervention leading to better prognosis.
A Case Series Depicting PSMA Expression in Nonmalignant Lesions
Authors: Ghosh Suchismita , Agrawal Archi , Choudhury Sayak , Purandare Nilendu C. , Rangarajan Venkatesh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a widely accepted and used tracer in staging and biochemical recurrences of prostate cancer. PSMA is extensively expressed in normal prostatic epithelial cells and prostate cancer cells, with some amount of expression also in nonprostatic cells. False-positive PSMA uptake in nonmalignant lesions creates ambiguity in disease detection. In such cases, histopathological correlation and radiological follow-up assist in clinical decision-making. In this case series, we illustrate a few cases where PSMA uptake was incidentally found in some of the commonly occurring benign conditions.
Incidental Tc-99m MIBI Lung Uptake in Parathyroid Scintigraphy
Authors: Benameur Yassir , Zahfir Ikram , Nakro Dounia , Oueriagli Salah Nabih , Sahel Omar Ait , Doudouh Abderrahim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Diffuse Tc-99m MIBI uptake in the lungs during parathyroid scintigraphy is exceptional, and only a few cases have described this unusual aspect. The differential diagnostic of this funding is a challenge when interpreting the examination, since it can be a sign of serious pathology. We report the case of unexpected diffusely increased Tc-99m MIBI uptake in bilateral lung fields in a patient with left cardiac dysfunction.
18-F FDG PET/CT in a Case of Recurrent Pericardial Effusion Diagnosed as Cardiac Sarcoma
Authors: Jain Anurag , Mahato Abhishek , Guleria Prerna , Vishnoi Madan Gopal , Asima Bushra , Tiwari Awadhesh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recurrent pericardial effusion poses a diagnostic challenge, especially in young patients. We present a case of a 22-year-old female who experienced recurrent pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. Despite initial treatment with anti-tubercular drugs and prednisolone, the patient had a relapse of symptoms, necessitating further investigation. Imaging studies revealed massive pericardial effusion with septations, suggestive of constrictive pericarditis with impending cardiac tamponade. To establish a definitive diagnosis, the patient underwent an FDG PET-CT scan after adhering to a specific dietary regimen. The scan revealed an ill-defined mediastinal mass with high metabolic activity, along with a gross pericardial effusion showing metabolic activity in the periphery and septations. Subsequent biopsy of the mediastinal mass confirmed a diagnosis of high-grade sarcoma.Primary malignant cardiac tumors are rare, and their prognosis is generally poor due to limited treatment options. While echocardiography and MRI are commonly used imaging techniques, FDG PET-CT is not routinely employed for evaluating cardiac tumors. However, in this case, FDG PET-CT played a crucial role in identifying the mediastinal mass and confirming the diagnosis.Early detection and accurate diagnosis of cardiac tumors are vital for initiating appropriate treatment strategies. Further studies are needed to explore the utility of FDG PET-CT in the evaluation of cardiac tumors, especially in cases of recurrent pericardial effusion.
Institutional Experience of Routine Radiation Surveillance of Delay and Decay Tanks Facility in a Department Having High-dose Iodine Therapy Unit
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Sonik Yasmeen Atwal , Sonik Bhavay 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Radioactive solid and liquid waste generated by patients after high-dose iodine therapy may lead to significant radiation exposure if not properly handled.

Aims and Objectives:
This study was conducted to monitor the radiation exposure along the sewerage drainage system of the high-dose iodine therapy ward and to rule out leakage if any, that might pose a potential radiation hazard to the general public (sewerage workers) and radiation health professional.

Materials and Methods:
The sewerage drainage system from isolation wards has multiple gate valves to regulate sewerage flow from the high-dose iodine therapy ward into delay and decay tanks (DDT) built, especially for the purpose. Radiation surveillance was done using a Geiger-Muller counter-based survey meter at 11 different locations on a weekly basis for 12 weeks.

Results:
A total of 26 patients underwent high-dose iodine ablation therapy during the study period in our department, with the highest recorded radiation exposure rate in the sewerage draining system in the 9th week of patient admission. This was at the common gate valve junction (location B) that directed sewerage waste from all four isolation rooms into the common pipeline leading to DDT. Minimal radiation exposure was recorded within Atomic Energy Regulatory Board -prescribed limits with no evidence of leakage.

Conclusion:
A routine radiation survey is an important component of overall radiation safety in the nuclear medicine department, including sewerage delay tank facilities, which helps keep the radiation exposure to acceptable levels by identifying timely leakage.
Fatigue and Quality of Life after 2 weeks Post discharge in Post-COVID-19 Subjects
Authors: Muragod Anil , Nerurkar Pallavi Sujit , Pastagia Nishi Tarang 
Published: May 2024

Context:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic affected a large number of individuals globally. Fatigue follows other viral infections; many of the hospitalized persons with a moderate to severe form of COVID-19 illness report residual symptoms, contributing to activity limitations.

Aim:
To assess the fatigue and quality of life (QOL) in post-COVID-19 subjects, 2 weeks after discharge.

Settings and Design:
An observational study was conducted on COVID-19 subjects, 2 weeks after discharge from tertiary care hospitals.

Methodology:
Subjects meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. Three hundred and sixteen subjects were contacted by phone call, and verbal consent was taken. The outcome measures used were the Fatigue Assessment Scale and World Health Organization QOL-BREF scale.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical measures such as mean and standard deviation and descriptive statistics such as percentage analysis and Pearson's correlation test were used.

Results:
The correlation between fatigue and QOL was statistically significant, with a nonlinear association (P < 0.05). Hospital stay and fatigue were directly related, which was significant. Linear association demonstrated that age was negatively related to QOL and positively associated with fatigue.

Conclusion:
COVID-19 subjects were more likely to have fatigue and low health-related QOL even after 2 weeks of discharge. There was a significant nonlinear correlation between fatigue and QOL in COVID-19 survivors.
Correlation of Lumbar Core Strength with Functional Mobility in Community-Dwelling Elderly Adults
Authors: D'Souza Danielle Malcolm , Kulkarni Vivek N. 
Published: May 2024

Context:
Aging results in changes in individual cells and organs of the body which consequently result in changes in function and appearance. These changes imply a negative influence on functional performance interfering with activities of daily living. The core muscles form an important mechanical linkage providing proximal stability and distal mobility. With age, due to fat infiltration, the core muscle strength is found to decrease.

Aims:
The study aimed to find if a correlation exists between core muscle strength and functional mobility in community-dwelling elderly individuals.

Settings and Design:
The study was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in an urban setup in Pune.

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 103 community-dwelling elderly individuals were assessed for lumbar core strength using the Supine test of Pressure biofeedback and functional mobility using the timed up and go (TUG) test as well as the functional reach test (FRT).

Statistical Analysis Used:
Spearman correlation test was used in this study.

Results:
The study showed a significant correlation between core strength and TUG test as well as with the FRT scores (r[TUG] = −0.75, r[FRT] = 0.72).

Conclusions:
Individuals with a stronger core require lesser duration to complete the TUG test, and can reach a greater distance in the FRT.
Trunk Rotation Exercises Versus Sit-to-Stand Training with Step-Foot Position on Balance and Gait in Patients with Chronic Stroke
Authors: Babel Divya K. , Kunduru Sudheera 
Published: May 2024

Context:
Muscle weakness, decreased range of motion, abnormal muscle tone, incoordination, and multisensory disintegration in stroke patients can lead to balance disturbances, reduced mobility, and higher risk for falls. There is paucity in literature whether trunk rotation exercises or sit-to-stand training protocol would be more beneficial for stroke-related disability.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to determine the comparative effect of trunk rotation exercises and sit-to-stand training with step-foot position on balance and gait in patients with chronic stroke.

Settings and Design:
Experimental study was carried out at tertiary care center.

Subjects and Methods:
Thirty stroke patients were recruited and randomly included in one of the two study groups. Group A was given trunk rotation exercises and Group B received sit-to-stand training with step-foot position for 30 min, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. Both the groups received conventional physiotherapy for another 30 min. Balance and gait were assessed before and postintervention using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), respectively.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Mann–Whitney U-test was applied for the comparison of group data.

Results:
When BBS and DGI were compared at pre-and postintervention time, results were statistically significant for both groups (P < 0.001). However, when between groups posttest scores were compared for BBS and DGI, results were statistically not significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Both trunk rotation exercises and sit-to-stand training with step-foot position were equally effective in improving balance and gait in chronic poststroke subjects.
Effect of Online Classes on Physical and Mental Well-Being of Students During Covid-19
Authors: Sharma Manisha , Sharma Pooja 
Published: May 2024

Context:
The coronavirus has shut down all schools and universities over the globe. With idiosyncratic upsurge of online learning, nowadays, teaching is undertaken remotely on digital platforms by the use of laptops and mobile phones. Many researches have shown that the excessive or prolonged use of screens can impact mental and physical health. The mental and physical affections include stress, depression, sleep disorders, impact on eyesight, postural pain, hand disabilities, and musculoskeletal disorders.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of online classes on the mental and physical well-being of students due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Settings and Design:
The survey was conducted on an online mode through Google forms. All gender college-going students within the age group of 18–25 years undergoing online classes for a minimum of 1 month were included in the study.

Subjects and Methods:
The assessment of mental health was done using the Perceived Mental Stress Test Scale (Psychological Stress Test) and the Patient Health Questionnaire, whereas for the assessment of the physical health, the Neck disability index, and the Oswestry low back pain disability index was used.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied to find the correlation between the duration of online classes and stress, depression, neck, and back disability.

Results:
A significant effect of online classes was found on the mental and physical health of students, 57.3% of population had moderate stress, 32% of population had mild depression, 48% of population had mild neck pain, and 41.3% of population moderate back pain.

Conclusion:
Students' mental and physical health has been affected as a result of longer duration spent online on laptops and phones for classes.
Prognosis in the Functional Status of Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy with Physiotherapy and Yoga Exercise Protocols – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dhargave Pradnya , Sendhilkumar Raghupathy , James Tittu Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Context:
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive neuromuscular disease leading to destruction of the skeletal muscles, causing limitations in the activities of daily living, and ambulation at a later stage.

Aims:
The present study intended to identify the effect of add-on yoga with physiotherapy intervention compared to physiotherapy exercise program on the functional status of children with DMD.

Settings and Design:
A randomized controlled study was conducted at the physiotherapy center of a tertiary care hospital.

Subjects and Methods:
The study recruited 124 boys diagnosed with DMD who were randomly divided into two groups. Group I received home-based physiotherapy exercise program and was advised to perform twice daily for all days of the week. Group II was advised to perform physiotherapy and yoga at home. Functional status of the participants was assessed using muscular dystrophy functional rating scale (MDFRS) and timed functional test (TFT), taken at baseline, and on regular intervals of 3 months, up to 1 year.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Repeated measures ANOVA, Fisher's least significant difference analysis, and t-test analysis were used for statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Eighty-eight participants completed the entire study with 45 in Group I and 43 in Group II. Significant time effect was demonstrated in both the groups for MDFRS (P < 0.05) and TFT (P < 0.01) measures, demonstrating beneficial effects of treatment protocols of both groups.

Conclusions:
The study identified that the combined yoga and physiotherapy interventions were as effective as physiotherapy alone.
Social, Economic, Technological, and Environmental Factors Affecting Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Alizadeh Gisoo , Gholipour Kamal , Azami-Aghdash Saber , Dehnavieh Reza , JafarAbadi Mohammad Asghari , Azmin Mehrdad , Khodayari-Zarnaq Rahim 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Today, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in both sexes. There are several risk factors for heart diseases; some controllable, others not. However, socioeconomic, technological, and environmental factors can impact CVD as well as exclusive risk factors. Accurate identification and assessment of these factors are often difficult. In the present systematic review, we aimed to explore factors affecting CVD.

Methods:
Multiple databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane) and gray literature were searched. The included studies described at least one determinant of CVD. The framework method was applied to analyze the qualitative data.

Results:
A total of 64 studies from 26 countries were included. The contextual determinants of CVD were categorized into 45 determinants, 15 factors, and 4 main social, economic, technological, and environmental categories. The 15 potentially reversible factors were identified as sociodemographic, violence, smoking, occupation, positive childhood experience, social inequalities, psychological distress, eating habits, neighborhood, family income, rapid technology, environmental pollution, living environments, noise, and disaster.

Conclusions:
Devolution and more efficient health policies are required to achieve further sustained reduction in CVD mortality, increase life expectancy, and reduce its associated risk factors. Policymakers should fully address the value of social, economic, technological, and environmental factors. In fact, a prevention agenda should be developed and updated collaboratively in terms of the determinant factors.
Dietary Patterns in Association with Sleep Duration in Iranian Adults
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad , Mirzaei Masoud , Fallahzadeh Hossien , Sakhaei Roya , Abolhosseini Hossein , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Salehi-Abargouei Amin 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Little observational studies have been conducted on the association between diet and sleep. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the associations of dietary patterns with sleep duration in an Iranian population.

Methods:
This study was conducted on the baseline data of two population-based Iranian cohorts: the YaHS-TAMYS and Shahedieh studies. Dietary intakes were assessed in 10451 Yazdi people aged 20–75 years. Dietary habits were derived from answers to a food frequency questionnaire, and a factor analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify dietary patterns. The reported sleep duration was categorized as short (<6 h), normal (6–8 h) or long (>8 h). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between dietary patterns and the odds of short and long sleep duration.

Results:
Four major dietary patterns were identified: “healthy,” “western,” “traditional,” and “high-carbohydrate, high-fat.” In the Shahedieh study, participants in the top quartile of the western dietary pattern had greater odds of short (<6 h) and long (>8 h) sleep duration (OR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.90; P trend <0.001 and OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.90; P trend = 0.014, respectively) than those in the bottom quartile. Also, participants in the highest quartile of the high-carbohydrate, high-fat pattern had higher odds of long sleep duration compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.75; P trend = 0.005). Pooling the two studies revealed that the western dietary pattern was significantly associated with short sleep duration (OR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.59).

Conclusions:
The western dietary pattern might inversely be associated with sleep duration. Future prospective studies are recommended to confirm these results.
Differential Diagnosis of Seizure and Syncope by the Means of Biochemical Markers in Emergency Department Patients
Authors: Masoumi Babak , Mozafari Safoura , Golshani Keihan , Heydari Farhad , Nasr-Esfahani Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Seizure and syncope have similar clinical symptoms but different etiologies. Hence, differential diagnosis is crucial prior to intervention. This study evaluates the diagnostic importance of neuron specific enolase (NSE), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for admitting patients with seizure medical history to emergency department (ED) in order for differential diagnosis between syncope and seizure.

Methods:
Patients with a short-lasting loss of consciousness admitted to the ED were recruited. All patients with a short-lasting loss of consciousness were eligible and EEG was conducted several times and was taken over a long period. Patients were then divided into two groups of seizure and syncope. The biochemical markers levels of all the eligible patients were measured by a reputable laboratory.

Results:
In order to define specificity and sensitivity of different levels of biomarkers and the optimal cut-off points, ROC curves for each biomarker of syncope and seizure patients admitted to ED were performed. AUC for NSE, CPK, and LDH were 0.973 ± 0.023, 0.827 ± 0.047, and 0.836 ± 0.043 respectively in 95% confidence level. Cut-off points for NSE, CPK, and LDH were determined 25.12, 218.09, and 193.88 respectively.

Conclusions:
It was concluded that NSE, CPK and LDH levels were different significantly in seizure patients compared to syncope ones. The seizure group showed an increase in NSE, CPK and LDH level.
Normal Weight Obesity
Authors: Manapurath Rukman M. , Hadaye Rujuta , Gadapani Barsha 
Published: May 2024

Background:
According to NFHS-4 survey, obesity has doubled in India. BMI cannot differentiate body fat from lean mass. Normal weight obesity was defined to distinguish people with normal BMI and increased body fat percentage (BF%). In contrast to conventional atherogenic prediction, Apolipoprotein B level is elevated before LDL cholesterol. Adiposity is also known for causing insulin resistance. Hence this study is an attempt to find the correlation of apo B and Insulin sensitivity in predicting future cardiovascular risk among normal weight obese. To study the role of apoB and insulin resistance in predicting cardio vascular risk.

Methods:
269 participants of age group 18-24 in a medical teaching institute were selected for the first phase of the study through systematic random sampling. BF% was calculated with Harpenden skinfold callipers using Jackson Pollock's method. Second phase of the study involved biochemical investigation of 30 NWO participants. ApoB level and insulin sensitivity using HOMA model was estimated. Spearman correlations and simple linear regression were used. Analysis done using SPSSv16.

Results:
Male and Females were 56.4% and 43.6%, respectively. Out of 269, 44 were found to be having NWO. Hence Prevalence was 16.4%. There is a positive correlation found between apoB and insulin resistance with increasing body fat percentage.

Conclusions:
Elevated levels of apo B and insulin resistance are seen in NWO individuals as the BF% increases. NWO should be diagnosed early and thus apoB and insulin resistance can be screened for cardio vascular risk prediction.