bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biology and preliminary host range of Hydrotimetes natans Kolbe (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a natural enemy candidate for biological control of Cabomba caroliniana Gray (Cabombaceae) in Australia
Authors: Cabrera‐Walsh Guillermo , Schooler Shon , Julien Mic 
Published: December 2010

Abstract Cabomba caroliniana, otherwise known as cabomba, is a submerged, rooted macrophyte with heavily dissected leaves that produces flowers that extend above the water surface. It has been disseminated around the world by aquarium traders and enthusiasts, and has become a noxious weed in numerous countries, including Australia, where it often produces dense monospecific stands. It is considered native to southern parts of North and South America, and is a common plant in floodplain streams and lakes in north‐east Argentina. Because of the lack of alternative control methods, a search for biological control agents was initiated in 2003. The most promising natural enemy found during surveys of C. caroliniana in Argentina was the aquatic weevil Hydrotimetes natans. The entire life cycle is completed on the plant, primarily underwater, except when the adults climb onto emergent flowers to mate. Larvae mine the stems, pupal cases are constructed in the leaf axils where the petiole joins the stem, and adults feed on the leaves and the stems, primarily at the growing tips. Field surveys of C. caroliniana and other submerged plant species, as well as results from preliminary laboratory host range trials suggest that the weevil is specific to cabomba. Adults were found only on other plant species when intertwined with C. caroliniana in the field and did not move onto other plant species in aquaria trials. The distribution of the larvae in the field was studied in relation to depth and plant size. No preferences for stem width or plant length were found, although a significant portion of the larval mines were located near the root crown of the plant. This information on the host specificity and biology of H. natans in its native range may guide researchers studying the laboratory fundamental host range and determining the potential effectiveness of the weevil for biological control of cabomba in its introduced range.
Comparison of ant community composition across different land‐use types: assessing morphological traits with more common methods
Authors: Yates Michelle , Andrew Nigel R 
Published: December 2010

AbstractQuantitative measures (morphological traits), which are influenced by species ecology, habitat use and evolutionary history, may be as important as species identity when assessing differences in community structures among land‐use types. We used ant communities as the response taxa to assess how three different measures of community diversity differ across three different land‐use types (Native Remnant, Native Pasture and Crop Stubble). Ants were collected using pitfall traps and sorted into morphospecies, abundances recorded, and classified into Andersen's functional groups. Two morphological traits (thorax length and mid‐femur length) related to body size and dispersal ability were also measured to assess if morphologically different suites of ants (e.g. short thorax and short mid‐femur) were selected for in each land‐use type. Native Remnants exhibited the most speciose ant assemblages, as anticipated; however, functional group structure did not differ significantly between land‐use types. The relationship between thorax and mid‐femur length differed significantly between land‐use types, with assemblages within Crop Stubble exhibiting significantly higher femur: thorax ratio compared to Native Remnants. We found that land management strategies not only impact on species richness but also on the morphological traits exhibited by ants.
Growth and development performance of the ubiquitous urban mosquito Aedes notoscriptus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Australia varies with water type and temperature
Authors: Williams Craig R , Rau Gina 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe container‐breeding mosquito, Aedes notoscriptus, is a common nuisance biter throughout Australia and has been implicated in arbovirus transmission in urban areas. Here detailed growth and development data for this species at a range of temperatures from laboratory observations were provided. Larvae of Ae. notoscriptus were amenable to laboratory rearing at 15–29°C, but not at 35°C, at which no larvae survived beyond instar I. Overall survival to pupation was better in rainwater (96.7%) compared with tap water (85%). Larval development time shortened with increasing temperature, with time to pupation across all temperatures ranging from 48.8 to 7.6 days in tap water and 16.2 to 6.8 days in rainwater. Such hastened development resulted in smaller mosquitoes, with decreases in wing length of up to 19%. Ovary size was greatest at 18–25°C. In general, Ae. notoscriptus developed more quickly to a larger size, with larger ovaries in rainwater compared with tap water. Collectively, these findings indicate an optimum temperature range to maximise fitness of 18–29°C. However, significant variability in growth and development of this species in the field is likely, given the range of water qualities and temperatures likely to be encountered. Data presented here will be required for future population modelling to assess the impact of a changing climate on this important urban nuisance and disease vector species.
Using ants to manage sustainable grazing: Dynamics of ant faunas along sheep grazing gradients conform to four global patterns
Authors: HOFFMANN BENJAMIN D. , JAMES CRAIG D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAnts are considered an important faunal group for the functioning of arid rangelands, they have a long history of use for environmental monitoring, and exhibit four global patterns in grazing lands: (i) soil and vegetation type are primary determinants of ant community composition, and have a far greater effect on ant community composition than grazing; (ii) grazing induces species compositional change, but does not necessarily affect species richness or abundance; (iii) a species response to grazing is not necessarily consistent across habitats; and (iv) approximately one‐quarter to one‐half of species that are common enough for statistical analysis have significant responses to grazing. Here we report the patterns of arid zone ant faunas as they exist after several decades of sheep grazing in southern Australia, and examine the extent to which they conform to the four global patterns. We measured ant faunas along grazing gradients (varying distance to water) in seven paddocks containing two soil and two vegetation types on five pastoral properties. Total site abundance and richness of ants did not differ significantly with distance from water, but the abundance of 10 (34%) of the 29 most common species did differ; three were increasers, three were decreasers, and four had mixed responses dependent on soil/vegetation type. Rare species showed no trend with grazing intensity. The ant fauna of the more structurally complex vegetation types appeared to be the most vulnerable to grazing effects. Multivariate analysis showed soil type was the primary factor influencing ant faunal composition, followed by vegetation structure; however, grazing treatment effects were present. This study fully supports the recently identified global patterns of ant responses to grazing. It also shows that sampling regional ant faunas using widely dispersed traps can detect ant faunal patterns comparable to studies that use smaller‐scale grids of traps.
SHORT‐TERM OUTCOMES OF ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION (ESD) FOR EARLY GASTRIC NEOPLASM: MULTICENTER SURVEY BY OSAKA UNIVERSITY ESD STUDY GROUP
Authors: Akasaka Tomofumi , Nishida Tsutomu , Tsutsui Shusaku , Michida Tomoki , Yamada Takuya , Ogiyama Hideharu , Kitamura Shinji , Ichiba Makoto , Komori Masato , Nishiyama Osamu , Nakanishi Fumihiko , Zushi Shinichiro , Nishihara Akihiro , Iijima Hideki , Tsujii Masahiko , Hayashi Norio 
Published: December 2010

Background:  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was developed for en bloc removal of large and flat gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. In Japan, ESD is performed under conscious sedation. The risks for sedation‐related complications of ESD, such as postoperative pneumonia, have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of postoperative pneumonia after ESD in a multicenter survey.Patients and Methods:  A total of 1188 patients with upper gastric neoplasms treated with ESD in nine hospitals were enrolled from May 2003 to September 2008. The en bloc resection rates and complications (bleeding, perforation, and postoperative pneumonia) were assessed. The correlations between the clinical variables and complications were investigated using logistic regression models.Results:  The en bloc resection rate was 95.3%. Bleeding, perforation, and pneumonia occurred in 37 (3.1%), 49 (4.1%), and 19 (1.6%) patients, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that procedure time, but not specimen size, or patient age, or sex, was significantly related to bleeding and perforation. The incidence of pneumonia was higher in patients with ulceration, older patients (≥75 years), and those with a long procedure duration (≥5 h).Conclusion:  The incidence of pneumonia, but not perforation and bleeding, after ESD, is high in older patients (≥75 years). Special care should be taken with older patients undergoing ESD to minimize the risk of postoperative pneumonia.
LATERAL SPREAD ALONG THE MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT IN BRANCH‐DUCT INTRADUCTAL PAPILLARY‐MUCINOUS NEOPLASMS OF THE PANCREAS: USEFULNESS OF INTRADUCTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR ITS EVALUATION
Authors: Kobayashi Go , Fujita Naotaka , Noda Yutaka , Ito Kei , Horaguchi Jun , Obana Takashi , Koshida Shinsuke , Kanno Yoshihide , Yamashita Yasunobu , Kato Yuhei , Ogawa Takahisa , Sawai Takashi 
Published: December 2010

Background:  Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) of the pancreas tend to spread intraepithelially along the pancreatic duct wall. We evaluated histopathological intraductal lateral spread (LS) along the main pancreatic duct (MPD) from branch‐duct IPMN and investigated the usefulness of intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) for its preoperative diagnosis.Patients and Methods:  Twenty‐four patients with branch‐duct IPMN who had undergone preoperative IDUS and surgery were reviewed clinicopathologically. The prevalence and histological length of LS along the MPD from branch‐duct IPMN, characteristics of the patients with LS, and efficacy of LS assessment by IDUS were examined.Results:  LS along the MPD was observed in 54% of the subjects. In the group of patients with LS, its mean length was 25.2 ± 16.8 mm (5–50 mm) and the diameter of the MPD was 6 mm or greater. Of the patients with LS, those in whom the length of LS along the MPD was longer than the diameter of the cystically dilated branch accounted for 30%. The diameter of the MPD in the group with LS was significantly greater than that in the group without LS (P = 0.03). The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of IDUS in the detection of LS were 92%, 91%, and 92%, respectively.Conclusion:  LS along the MPD was detected in about half of the resected cases of branch‐duct IPMN. Preoperative transpapillary IDUS may be beneficial for the determination of the resection line, especially in those branch‐duct IPMN patients in whom the MPD is 6 mm or greater in diameter.
ANALYSIS OF PLASTIC STENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF LARGE COMMON BILE DUCT STONES IN 45 PATIENTS
Authors: Fan Zhen , Hawes Robert , Lawrence Christopher , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Xiaofeng , Lv Wen 
Published: December 2010

Background:  Although endoscopic plastic biliary stenting is a clinical procedure routinely carried out in patients with common bile duct stones, the effects of stenting on the sizes or fragmentation of large common bile duct stones have not been formally established and the mechanism of this condition is controversial. We compared the stone sizes of common bile duct stones after biliary stenting in order to develop the mechanism.Patients and Methods:  Endoscopic plastic biliary stenting was performed in 45 patients with large common bile duct stones or those difficult to extract with conventional endoscopic therapy, including mechanical lithotripsy. The stone diameter was ≥16 mm in all patients. Bile duct drainage and endoscopic placement of 7–8.5 Fr plastic biliary stents were established in all patients. Differences of stone sizes and fragmentations after biliary stenting were compared. The complete stone clearance rate after treatment was obtained.Results:  After biliary stenting for 3–6 months, the bile stones disappeared or changed to sludge in 10 (10/45) patients, and fragmentation of the stones or decreased stone sizes were seen in 33 patients, whose stone median size was significantly decreased from 23.1 mm to 15.4 mm in 33 patients (P < 0.05). The stones were removed successfully with basket, balloon, mechanical lithotripsy or a combination in 43 (43/45) patients. The remaining two patients (2/45) demonstrated no significant changes in stone sizes.Conclusion:  Plastic biliary stenting may fragment common bile duct stones and decrease stone sizes. This is an effective and feasible method to clear large or difficult common bile duct stones.
Spatial patterns of phylogenetic diversity
Authors: Morlon Hélène , Schwilk Dylan W. , Bryant Jessica A. , Marquet Pablo A. , Rebelo Anthony G. , Tauss Catherine , Bohannan Brendan J. M. , Green Jessica L. 
Published: December 2010

Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 141–149AbstractEcologists and conservation biologists have historically used species–area and distance–decay relationships as tools to predict the spatial distribution of biodiversity and the impact of habitat loss on biodiversity. These tools treat each species as evolutionarily equivalent, yet the importance of species’ evolutionary history in their ecology and conservation is becoming increasingly evident. Here, we provide theoretical predictions for phylogenetic analogues of the species–area and distance–decay relationships. We use a random model of community assembly and a spatially explicit flora dataset collected in four Mediterranean‐type regions to provide theoretical predictions for the increase in phylogenetic diversity – the total phylogenetic branch‐length separating a set of species – with increasing area and the decay in phylogenetic similarity with geographic separation. These developments may ultimately provide insights into the evolution and assembly of biological communities, and guide the selection of protected areas.
CHILD LABOUR: A REVIEW OF RECENT THEORY AND EVIDENCE WITH POLICY IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Fors Heather Congdon 
Published: December 2010

Abstract.In recent years, a growing number of authors have turned their attention to the question of why children work. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the more recent theoretical and empirical research into the topic of child labour, and to illustrate the fact that no one factor on its own can account for the phenomenon of child labour. Therefore, policies aimed at eradicating child labour will need to address the broad range of underlying factors that contribute to the incidence of child labour, such as poverty, market imperfections and access to education.
SEQUENTIAL, BOTTOM‐UP VARIABLE SELECTION FOR HIGH‐DIMENSIONAL CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Hall Peter , Miller Hugh 
Published: December 2010

SummaryMost methods for variable selection work from the top down and steadily remove features until only a small number remain. They often rely on a predictive model, and there are usually significant disconnections in the sequence of methodologies that leads from the training samples to the choice of the predictor, then to variable selection, then to choice of a classifier, and finally to classification of a new data vector. In this paper we suggest a bottom‐up approach that brings the choices of variable selector and classifier closer together, by basing the variable selector directly on the classifier, removing the need to involve predictive methods in the classification decision, and enabling the direct and transparent comparison of different classifiers in a given problem. Specifically, we suggest ‘wrapper methods’, determined by classifier type, for choosing variables that minimize the classification error rate. This approach is particularly useful for exploring relationships among the variables that are chosen for the classifier. It reveals which variables have a high degree of leverage for correct classification using different classifiers; it shows which variables operate in relative isolation, and which are important mainly in conjunction with others; it permits quantification of the authority with which variables are selected; and it generally leads to a reduced number of variables for classification, in comparison with alternative approaches based on prediction.
The Safety of Low‐Potassium Dialysis
Authors: Weisberg Lawrence S. , Rachoin Jean‐Sebastien 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPatients with kidney failure depend on dialysis to maintain neutral potassium balance. The amount of potassium removed during a hemodialysis treatment is inversely proportional to the potassium concentration in the dialysis bath. Nephrologists adjust the dialysis bath potassium to account for individual variation in potassium intake among their patients. This management strategy is remarkably successful, because most patients on maintenance hemodialysis have a normal predialysis serum potassium concentration. But the serum potassium concentration of patients on maintenance hemodialysis is not constant over time; it follows a sawtooth pattern. It is this instability—especially the acute fall during dialysis—that has concerned nephrologists for decades, particularly in view of the crucial role of potassium in cardiac electrophysiology. This concern is amplified by the extraordinarily high rate of sudden death among patients on maintenance hemodialysis. In this paper, we review the safety of low‐potassium dialysis and make recommendations for managing patients whose serum potassium concentration falls outside the target range.
Activité des hommes ǎgés dans les pays de l'OCDE: réforme des retraites et «armée de réserve de travailleurs»
Authors: O'BRIEN Martin 
Published: December 2010

Résumé.De nombreux gouvernements ont considéré les travailleurs a&#x030c;gés comme une «armée de réserve» et facilité par divers moyens leur retrait anticipé de la population active. Selon l'OCDE, il faut lutter contre la surcharge budgétaire associée au vieillissement de la population par une réforme des régimes de retraite, afin d'augmenter le taux d'activité des tranches d'a&#x030c;ge supérieures. Après avoir modélisé l'activité des hommes a&#x030c;gés de 55 à 59 ans et de 60 à 64 ans dans douze pays de l'OCDE, sur la période 1967–2007, l'auteur conclut que les variables relatives au marché du travail ont un pouvoir explicatif supérieur à celles qui sont associées aux réformes des retraites et à d'autres déterminants spécifiquement nationaux. Faute de prendre en considération la situation des marchés du travail, les prescriptions types de l'OCDE en matière de réformes des retraites semblent donc vouées à l'échec.
Législation sur la protection de l'emploi et stabilité des emplois: une analyse transversale en Europe
Authors: CAZES Sandrine , TONIN Mirco 
Published: December 2010

Résumé.S'appuyant sur les données d'Eurostat pour la période 1999–2006, les auteurs étudient l'évolution de l'ancienneté dans l'emploi des salariés de l'Union européenne. Ils n'observent pas de baisse généralisée de cette ancienneté, mais un raccourcissement tendanciel parmi les jeunes travailleurs (15–24 ans) dans de nombreux pays. Leurs résultats montrent que cette tendance est associée à une plus faible protection de l'emploi conférée et par le droit et par la présence de syndicats. Etant donné le faible pouvoir de négociation individuelle des jeunes travailleurs, la tendance à une plus forte individualisation des relations d'emploi pourrait, en effet, plus particulièrement les toucher.
La formation en cours d'emploi en Europe: déterminants et effets sur les salaires
Authors: ALBERT Cecilia , GARCÍA‐SERRANO Carlos , HERNANZ Virginia 
Published: December 2010

Résumé.Partant des données du Panel communautaire de ménages (PCM) pour la période 1995–2001 dans six pays, les auteurs étudient les déterminants des activités de formation et les effets de celle‐ci sur les salaires. A partir de quatre indicateurs caractérisant la formation, ils montrent que, si les estimations par la méthode des moindres carrés ordinaires indiquent que, presque partout, la formation valorise substantiellement les salaires, les estimations avec effets fixes font apparai&#x030c;tre une incidence quasi nulle. Les effets sur les salaires seraient donc surestimés faute de prise en compte adéquate de la corrélation entre la formation et d'autres facteurs affectant les salaires.
Obstacles invisibles et représentation des femmes aux postes de décision en Espagne
Authors: Castaño Cecilia , Martín Juan , Vázquez Susana , Martínez José Luis 
Published: December 2010

Résumé.Les auteurs présentent les résultats d'une étude sur les caractéristiques personnelles et les qualifications d'hommes et de femmes assumant des fonctions de direction dans des entreprises espagnoles, leur situation professionnelle et leur point de vue sur l'égalité des sexes. Par rapport à leurs homologues masculins, les Espagnoles occupant des postes à responsabilités sont plus jeunes mais aussi qualifiées, voire plus, et elles ont moins d'enfants. Cependant, elles sont toujours confrontées à des obstacles qui empěchent la pleine exploitation d'un capital humain précieux. Malgré les mesures adoptées, plus de neuf postes de décision sur dix sont toujours occupés par des hommes.
La flexicurité en Belgique: une proposition fondée sur des principes économiques
Authors: Cockx Bart , Vander Linden Bruno 
Published: December 2010

Résumé.En Belgique, l'assurance ch&#x006f;&#x030c;mage et la législation sur la protection de l'emploi en vigueur ont été conçues dans un contexte oü les relations entre les travailleurs et les entreprises étaient durables et stables. La mondialisation de l'économie et les rapides changements technologiques et organisationnels les obligent à plus de flexibilité. Les institutions doivent ětre réformées rapidement pour accorder ce nouveau besoin avec celui de sécurité pour les travailleurs. L'appel à la «flexicurité» n'est pas nouveau, mais il n'y a pas d'unanimité sur le modèle institutionnel qu'elle implique. Les auteurs proposent une réforme qui est explicitement fondée sur des principes issus de l'analyse économique.
Las pensiones y los varones de edad madura activos e inactivos en la OCDE
Authors: O'BRIEN Martin 
Published: December 2010

Resumen.Muchos gobiernos han tratado a los trabajadores de edad madura como «un ejército laboral de reserva», permitiéndoles que abandonaran la fuerza de trabajo. Ahora bien, para aligerar el lastre que soporta el erario público por el envejecimiento de la población, la OCDE recomienda que se prolongue el tiempo de actividad de los trabajadores y que se reformen las pensiones. El autor estudia las tasas de actividad de los varones de 55–59 años y de 60–64 años de doce países de la OCDE durante el período 1967–2007. Llega a la conclusión de que dependen más de la situación laboral que de las pensiones y de otros factores nacionales. Así pues, deben tenerse presentes las condiciones del mercado de trabajo si no se quiere que la reforma de las pensiones — una receta habitual de la OCDE— esté condenada al fracaso.