bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric genetic correlations between dairy traits
Authors: Pirchner F. , Nibler T. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryRealized genetic correlations between dairy traits were estimated from halfsib response to (a) upward, respectively downward selection and (b) to different selected traits. Data comprised records from 36 870 Bavarian Fleckvieh and from 9434 Angler cows from the years 1977–88 and 1990, respectively. No asymmetry appeared between upward and downward selection. However, in both breeds selection for yield led to stronger negative reaction in fat and protein content than vice versa. Between protein and fat content the realized correlation appears to be symmetric.
Accuracy of breeding values when using and ignoring the polygenic effect in genomic breeding value estimation with a marker density of one SNP per cM
Authors: Calus M.P.L. , Veerkamp R.F. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryGenomic selection is based on breeding values that are estimated using genome‐wide dense marker maps. The objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of including or ignoring the polygenic effect on the accuracy of total genomic breeding values, when there is coverage of the genome with approximately one SNP per cM. The importance of the polygenic effect might differ for high and low heritability traits, and might depend on the design of the reference dataset. Hence, different scenarios were evaluated using stochastic simulation. Accuracies of the total breeding value of juvenile selection candidates depended on the number of animals included in the reference data. When excluding polygenic effects, those accuracies ranged from 0.38 to 0.55 and from 0.73 to 0.79 for traits with heritabilities of 10 and 50%, respectively. Accuracies were improved by including a polygenic effect in the model for the low heritability trait, when the LD‐measure r2 between adjacent markers became smaller than ∼0.10, while for the high heritability trait there was already a small improvement at r2 between adjacent markers of 0.14. In all situations, the estimated total genetic variance was underestimated, particularly when the polygenic effect was excluded from the model. The haplotype variance was less underestimated when more animals were added in the reference dataset.
Effects of hay intake and feeding sequence on variables in faeces and faecal water (dry matter, pH value, organic acids, ammonia, buffering capacity) of horses
Authors: Zeyner A. , Geißler C. , Dittrich A. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryTo investigate effects of hay intake and feeding sequence on indicators of the microbial activity within the hindgut, six horses were fed 1.00 kg oats plus 0.50, 0.67, 0.83 or 1.00 kg hay/100 kg body weight (BW) × day, each for 14 days. Oats was offered either 30 min prior to hay (OA) or in the reversed sequence (HA) in a 2 × 8‐week crossover design. Because typically exercised horses should be subjected to the study, faeces was used as substrate. Faecal dry matter (DM), the faecal waters’ short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA, in mmol/l) and molar percentages (mol%) of propionate and iso‐butyrate were highest with OA (p < 0.01). Acetate mol%, acetate–propionate quotient (A/P) and buffering capacities 1 and 2 (BC1: current pH to pH 6; BC2: pH 6 to 5) of the faecal water were highest with HA (p < 0.01). While the hay intake rose, faecal pH, acetate mol%, A/P, BC1 and BC2 (the latter with HA only) increased (p < 0.05), but DM, SCFA and propionate mol% declined (p < 0.05). The hay‐induced rise in A/P and BC1 was much higher with HA than with OA.l‐Lactate and ammonia were unaffected by the feeding sequence and hay intake. In conclusion, hay intake and feeding sequence influence the microbial activity within the hindgut, although the concentrate level remains consistent. In horse rations with 1.00 kg oats/100 kg BW × day amounts of at least 0.83 kg hay/100 kg BW × day and offering the hay first seem to have the potency to protect the hindgut content from acidification. Behavioural abnormality was not observed any longer first with 1.00 kg hay/100 kg BW × day.
Eine erweiterte Evaluation der Neurolept‐Anästhesie für Meerschweinchen mit einer Analyse gemischt‐exspiratorischer Gase während Spontanatmung. Wirkung des Fastens auf das kardiorespiratorische System und den Metabolismus*
Authors: Özbek M. , Domack U. , Barnikol W. K. R. 
Published: September 2010

ZusammenfassungDas beatmete Meerschweinchen wurde oft für neurophysiologische und respiratorische Studien eingesetzt. Diese Spezies ist auch für eine Evaluation künstlicher Sauerstoffträger, entwickelt aus Hämoglobin, geeignet, weil seine Sauerstoff‐Hämoglobin‐Bindung der des Menschen sehr ähnlich ist. Andererseits ist eine Narkose dieser Tiere wegen kardio‐respiratorischer Depression mit herkömmlichen Verfahren schwierig.Bewährt hat sich die folgende intraperitoneal zu verabreichende Neurolept‐Anästhesie: 0,2 mg Fentanyl (Janssen/D), 10 mg Droperidol (Janssen/D) sowie 400 mg Urethan in 10 ml isotonischer Natriumchlorid‐Lösung pro kg Körpergewicht.Unser neues Tier‐Modell ermöglicht, mit einem speziellen Ventilsystem den Gasaustausch unter Spontanatmung, kardiovaskuläre wie auch Blutgaswerte und damit den Säure‐Basen‐Status zu messen.Die vitalen Parameter der Tiere, blieben über mehr als 6 Stunden stabil und nahe bei Werten wacher Tiere, insbesondere der mittlere arterielle Blutdruck. Deswegen ist diese etablierte Neurolept‐Anästhesie des Meerschweinchens für Forschungszweck zu bevorzugen.Nüchterne Tiere zeigten signifikant erniedrigte Blut‐pH‐ (7,345 bzw. 7,401) sowie Herzfrequenz‐ (244 bzw. 277 min−1) und Ventilationswerte (167 bzw. 205 ml/min) im Vergleich zu nicht nüchternen Tieren.
Trace Mineral Profile in Blood and Hair from Cattle Environmentally Exposed to Lead and Cadmium Around Different Industrial Units
Authors: Patra R. C. , Swarup D. , Sharma M. C. , Naresh R. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe present investigation was carried out to assess the trace mineral profile in blood and hair from cows environmentally exposed to lead and cadmium and to examine if these toxic heavy metals in blood and hair could affect blood copper, cobalt, zinc and iron concentrations and their accumulation in hair. Respective blood and tail hair samples were collected from adult cows above 3 years, reared in different industrial localities. Samples were also collected from urban areas with small industrial units (n = 55) and areas supposed to be free from pollution. The concomitant exposure of animals to both the heavy metal pollutants was not recorded in either of the industrial or urban locality. Blood lead was significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with blood copper (r = −0.339), cobalt (r = −0.224) and iron (r = −0.497). The increasing blood lead concentrations, irrespective of area of collection of samples, was associated with declining blood copper and iron, and cows with blood lead level above 0.60 μg/ml had significantly (P < 0.05) lower blood copper and iron. The higher blood lead but not cadmium significantly influenced the accumulation of lead (r = 0.323,P < 0.01) and cadmium (r = 0.204,P < 0.01) in hair possibly leading to significantly (P < 0.05) higher accumulation of both lead and cadmium in hair from cattle around lead–zinc smelters and closed lead‐cum‐operational zinc smelter, where blood cadmium level was comparable with that from unpolluted area. Concentration of zinc (r = 0.237,P < 0.01) and iron (r = 0.183,P < 0.01) but not copper and cobalt in tail hair was significantly influenced by their respective blood concentration. Both the hair lead and cadmium had a significant (P < 0.01) positive correlation with hair copper (r = 0.234, 0.294), zinc (r = 0.489, 0.775), and iron (r = 0.385, 0.643) concentrations. Thus, it is concluded from the present study that the higher blood lead concentrations in cattle irrespective of locality/industrial operations areas affected trace elements profile in blood and hair.
Canine Leishmaniasis Chemotherapy: Dog's Clinical Condition and Risk of Leishmania Transmission
Authors: João A. , Pereira M. A. , Cortes S. , Santos‐Gomes G. M. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment against canine leishmaniasis reduced the presence of Leishmania in the healthy skin of dogs, affecting the capacity of parasite transmission. A total of 37 dogs from an endemic region of leishmaniasis were studied. Thirteen symptomatic animals revealed parasites in the bone marrow and eight had also in the skin. Five of the 22 dogs that had been treated with meglumine antimoniate alone, meglumine antimoniate or trifluralin followed by allopurinol or just with allopurinol had the parasite in bone marrow but none showed Leishmania in the skin. One dog that was treated only with aminosidine was polisymptomatic and had parasites in bone marrow and skin. The different treatments used in this study did not completely eliminate the parasite allowing relapses to occur when the treatment is discontinued, but the use of meglumine antimoniate or allopurinol, alone or combined may improve dogs clinical condition and reduce or eliminate the parasite from the skin decreasing the probability of Leishmania transmission.
Associations between Defensin Polymorphism and Somatic Cell Count in Milk and Milk Utility Traits in Jersey Dairy Cows
Authors: Wojdak‐Maksymiec K. , Kmieć M. , ŻUkiewicz A. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe aim of the study was to investigate associations between combined defensin genotypes (CDGs) and somatic cell count (SCC) in Jersey cows. The study included a herd of 184 dairy Jersey cows from Wielkopolska region in Poland. Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with TaqI restrictase established the existence of 12 CDGs with a frequency of over 1%. The most frequent were A1A2B1B2C1C2 and A1A2B1B2C1‐ genotypes with a frequency of 56.9783% and 12.5% respectively. The study also confirmed the existence of a statistically significant association between SCC and the year of study, season, lactation stage and cow. The highest SCC (transformed into a logarithmic scale) was found in the milk of cows with A1‐B1‐C1C2 genotype, whereas the lowest one in cows with A2‐B1B2C1C2 genotype. Another aim of the project was to study the association between CDG and milk production traits, such as daily milk yield and fat and protein content. CDG was found to be a significant factor affecting daily milk yield and non‐significant for fat and protein content. The highest daily milk yield was observed in cows with CDGs A1A2B1B2C2‐ and ‐A2‐B1B2C1‐, whereas the lowest one was characteristic of ‐A2‐B1‐C1C2 and A1A2B1‐C1‐ animals. Fat content was found to be related to CDG genotype in the opposite way; the highest values were recorded in animals with ‐A2‐B1B2C1‐ genotype, the lowest – in animals with ‐A2‐B1‐C1C2 genotype. Similar results were observed in protein content in milk ‐A2‐B1B2C1‐, the highest content and ‐A2‐B1‐C1C2, the lowest content. The results confirm the hypothesis of using CDG as an SCC marker. However, further studies should be conducted to confirm these results before CDG can be used as a marker in a mass selection of dairy cows.
Immunization with Outer Membrane Proteins ofPasteurella multocida(6:B) Provides Protection in Mice
Authors: Basagoudanavar S. H. , Singh D. K. , Varshney B. C. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe immunoprotective efficacy ofPasteurella multocida(6:B) outer membrane proteins (OMPs) was examined in the mouse model. Bacterial OMPs were extracted using sarkosyl method and analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Prototype vaccines were prepared using OMPs with adjuvants including dioleoyl phosphatidyl choline‐based liposome and Montanide ISA206 water‐in oil‐in water emulsion. Antibody response to the vaccine was monitored using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The results of the study showed that immunized mice had high titre with both the formulations. The vaccinated mice were able to survive a live virulent bacterial challenge. Based on the findings of the study it can be inferred that OMPs are important determinants of immunoprotection hence can serve as vaccine candidates against haemorrhagic septicaemia.
Pistillate‐parental differences and the ability to produce interspecific hybrids between Lycopersicon esculentum and ‘peruvianum‐complex’ species (L. peruvianum and L. chilense)
Authors: Egashira H. , Ogawa R. , Kanno H. , Tanisaka T. , Imanishi S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTo overcome the cross‐breeding barriers between the cultivated tomato Lycopersicon esculentum and the ‘peruvianum‐complex’, hybrid production ability (HPA) and pistillate‐parental differences were investigated. As a criterion of HPA, the number of germinated ovules per fruit (GPF) was used. GPF was expressed as GPF = OPF × GPO, where OPF is the number of ovules per fruit, and GPO is the proportion of germinated ovules to total ovules obtained. The interspecific crossing between nine varieties and three ‘peruvianum‐complex’ accessions revealed that the cultivars ‘Sekaiichi’,‘Ponde Rooza’ and ‘Early Pink’ showed quite high and stable GPF over the years, but the cv.‘Best of All’ produced no hybrids. Variance analysis for GPF, OPF and GPO, and their correlation with seven sexual organ morphological traits and three fruit morphological traits were performed. These results indicated that choosing both the pistillate parents with wider reproductive organs for high OPF and appropriate environmental conditions for high GPO might be significant for enhancing GPF in interspecific crossing.
Variability of selected characters of production biology and essential oil accumulation in populations of Achillea crithmifolia
Authors: Németh É. , Bernáth J. , Pluhár Zs. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAlthough data on chemical properties of Achillea species are numerous, morphological studies are rare. Therefore, during 1995‐97, some morphological and production biological characters (height, width, number of stems, dry flower mass and leaf colour) of Achillea crithmifolia, their stability over years and generations, their dependence upon plant age and their correlations with the accumulation of essential oil were examined. The populations investigated were raised from seed materials stored in the genebank of the Department.The considerable diversity of the populations indicated a high degree of heterozygosity of these traits in natural stands. Variability was highest in number of stems (15.3‐37.4 pieces) and essential oil content (0.63‐1.27%). This variability did not disappear during three successive generations of inbreeding, although a decrease in variance was observed. Essential oil content was shown to have a higher heritability than other properties. Correlations of plant height, width and number of shoots were medium (r = 0.539‐0.757), and their correlation with the essential oil content was also significant. Both the year of examination and age of the plants exerted a strong influence on most of the characters studied.
Effects of short‐term storage on germinability of pistachio pollen
Authors: Vaknin Y. , Eisikowitch D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe effects of short‐term storage under room conditions (constant 25°C and 35% relative humidity), refrigeration (4°C) and freezing (‐20°C) on the germinability of pollen of pistachio, Pistacia vera L., were studied and the effects of desiccation and pollen age on its germinability were reassessed. It was found that: (1) weight loss as a result of desiccation was positively correlated with germinability; (2) pollen grains stored in room conditions only germinated after prehydration, which restored germinability even after 7 days of exposure; (3) refrigerated (4°C) pollen grains retained their germinability for at least a week; (4) frozen pollen grains irreversibly lost most of their germinability; (5) 2‐day‐old pollen grains, within the anthers, retained their germinability under room conditions. These findings will contribute to the improvement of pistachio pollen preservation and help to find a simple and inexpensive method for its short‐term storage, while retaining its germinability.
New sources of resistance for stripe rust in barley
Authors: Münnich C. , Walther U. , Weber W. E. , Leithold B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEight spring barley accessions from the gene bank in Gatersleben, Germany, and 10 cultivars were tested for stripe rust resistance. Tests were performed at the seedling stage in the growth chamber and as adult plants in the field. All accessions and six cultivars were scored as resistant against race 24 under all test conditions, with very few plants as exceptions, while the susceptible control cultivars ‘Karat’ and ‘Certina’, and four other cultivars were attacked in all cases. Differences between accessions and between cultivars were detected after infection with isolates from ‘Trumpf’ and ‘Bigo’ (seedling tests only). Infection structures within seedling leaves without pustules and for the first time within leaves of adult plants from the field were analysed by fluorescence microscopy. With this method additional genetic Differences in the resistance reaction could be detected which could not to be seen in the resistance test. Crosses between the accessions and the susceptible cultivar ‘Karat’ led to segregating F2 progenies. The percentage of resistant plants varied between the accessions. This also indicates a different genetic basis of resistance in the accessions. The infection structures observed by fluorescence microscopy stopped earlier in leaves of the two accessions HOR 8979 and HOR 8991 than in leaves of other accessions in all the tests. These accessions were the only ones with more than 50% resistant plants in all F2 tests. In general, the accessions from the gene bank can be used as new resistance sources against stripe rust.
Common resistance of wheat to members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex and F. culmorum
Authors: Tóth B. , Kászonyi G. , Bartók T. , Varga J. , Mesterházy Á. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) is the most important disease of wheat in Central Europe. Although common resistance of wheat against several Fusarium species has been proposed recently, no data were available for the recently described species/lineages of F. graminearum and F. culmorum. In this study, twenty wheat genotypes were tested under field conditions by spraying inocula of isolates of eight species of the F. graminearum species complex, and three lineages of F. culmorum in 2003–2004. The severity of FHB, Fusarium damaged kernels, yield reduction and deoxynivalenol/nivalenol contamination were measured. F. culmorum isolates were in general more aggressive to wheat than those belonging to the F. graminearum species complex. The various wheat genotypes exhibited similar reactions against the different Fusarium isolates, indicating that resistance to F. graminearum sensu stricto was similar to that for the other species of the F. graminearum species complex examined. This is an important message to breeders as the resistance relates not only to any particular isolate of F. graminearum, but similarly to isolates of other Fusarium species.
Performance of sugar beet hybrids with sugar beet root maggot‐resistant pollinators
Authors: Campbell L. G. , Miller J. , Rekoske M. , Smith L. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSugar beet root maggot (SBRM; Tetanops myopaeformis) is a major insect pest of sugar beet throughout much of North America. Two insecticides with the same mode of action are used almost exclusively for SBRM control. Alternative control strategies would be required if insecticide‐resistant SBRM developed or the insecticides were no longer available due to regulatory actions. Germplasm lines with SBRM resistance are available, but information on the SBRM resistance of hybrid cultivars created by crossing these lines with a SBRM‐susceptible cms parental line is lacking. This study compared the performance of four hybrids with SBRM‐resistant pollinators to two susceptible hybrids, with and without insecticide, in four environments. In all environments, the hybrids with the SBRM‐resistant pollinators and no insecticide had root yields equal to the SBRM‐susceptible commercial hybrid with insecticide. In two environments, the root yields of the SBRM‐susceptible hybrids were low and the difference between the root yields with and without insecticide was relatively small, indicating the insecticide was ineffective. In contrast, the root yields of the SBRM‐resistant hybrids, with or without insecticide, in these trials were substantially higher than the susceptible hybrids and similar to corresponding root yields at the other sites. Based upon these trials, it appears that hybrids produced with the currently available resistance sources would have sufficient SBRM resistance to prevent catastrophic yield reductions due to SBRM feeding, could reduce uncertainty caused by fluctuations in insecticide effectiveness, would provide protection against the development of insecticide‐resistant SBRM strains, and also provide a useful level of SBRM protection, if the current insecticides were no longer available.
Parturition in Domestic Animals: Targets for Future Research
Authors: Taverne MAM , Van Der Weijden GC 
Published: September 2010

ContentsCompared with other parts of the reproductive cycle, the parturition process of domestic animals has received relatively little attention from researchers during the last two decades. Yet, interventions during parturition, either by the owner or the veterinarian, are frequently judged necessary and perinatal losses in most of the domestic species are (still) rather high. The present paper focuses on the birth process in three domestic species, the dog, pig and cow, mainly because most of the experimental and research work of the authors themselves was dealing with these three species. Against the background of specific clinical problems, breeding circumstances and economic performance, selected topics and questions are addressed to identify areas for future research. These are, among others, related to the mechanisms that trigger the birth process (are the foetuses involved in the dog and sow?), the role of hormones and cytokines during ripening of the cervix (activation and/or de‐activation of specific matrix metallo‐proteinases and their local inhibitors), the functional significance of fetal body movements to prepare the foetus for expulsion, and the exact time course of events involved in the transportation of an individual foetus from its intrauterine location, via the pelvic canal, to the outside world. Research on some of these topics, such as the ripening of the cervix in cows, might also contribute to resolve clinical problems in human obstetrics.