bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid, Micron‐Resolution 3D Printing of Nd:YAG Ceramic with Optical Gain
Authors: Liu Luyang , Wang Wenbo , Feng Shuai , Liu Siying , Sun Haofan , Nian Qiong , Yang Sui , Chen Xiangfan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolycrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) ceramic doped with neodymium (Nd), referred to as Nd:YAG, is widely used in solid‐state lasers. However, conventional powder metallurgy methods suffer from expenses, time consumption, and limitations in customizing structures. This study introduces a novel approach for creating Nd:YAG ceramics with 3D free‐form structures from micron (∼70 µm) to centimeter scales. Firstly, sol‐gel synthesis is employed to form photocurable colloidal solutions. Subsequently, by utilizing a home‐built micro‐continuous liquid interface printing process, precursors are printed into 3D poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels containing yttrium, aluminum, and neodymium hydroxides, with a resolution of 5.8 µm pixel−1 at a speed of 10 µm s−1. After the hydrogels undergo thermal dehydration, debinding, and sintering, polycrystalline Nd:YAG ceramics featuring distinguishable grains are successfully produced. By optimizing the concentrations of the sintering aids (tetraethyl orthosilicate) and neodymium trichloride (NdCl3), the resultant samples exhibit satisfactory photoluminescence, emitting light concentrated at 1064 nm when stimulated by a 532 nm laser. Additionally, Nd:YAG ceramics with various 3D geometries (e.g., cone, spiral, and angled pillar) are printed and characterized, which demonstrates the potential for applications, such as laser and amplifier fibers, couplers, and splitters in optical circuits, as well as gain metamaterials or metasurfaces.
Nanoscale Phase and Orientation Mapping in Multiphase Polycrystalline Hafnium Zirconium Oxide Thin Films Using 4D‐STEM and Automated Diffraction Indexing
Authors: Baucom Garrett , Hershkovitz Eitan , Chojecki Paul , Nishida Toshikazu , Tabrizian Roozbeh , Kim Honggyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFerroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) holds promise for nextgeneration memory and transistors due to its superior scalability and seamless integration with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor processing. A major challenge in developing this emerging ferroelectric material is the metastable nature of the non‐centrosymmetric polar phase responsible for ferroelectricity, resulting in a coexistence of both polar and non‐polar phases with uneven grain sizes and random orientations. Due to the structural similarity between the multiple phases and the nanoscale dimensions of the thin film devices, accurate measurement of phase‐specific information remains challenging. Here, the application of 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy is demonstrated with automated electron diffraction pattern indexing to analyze multiphase polycrystalline HZO thin films, enabling the characterization of crystallographic phase and orientation across large working areas on the order of hundreds of nanometers. This approach offers a powerful characterization framework to produce a quantitative and statistically robust analysis of the intricate structure of HZO films by uncovering phase composition, polarization axis alignment, and unique phase distribution within the HZO film. This study introduces a novel approach for analyzing ferroelectric HZO, facilitating reliable characterization of process‐structure‐property relationships imperative to accelerating the growth optimization, performance, and successful implementation of ferroelectric HZO in devices.
Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics, and Biological Activities of Seaweed Polysaccharides: A Review
Authors: Yang Maohui , Deng Qingfang , Chen Ruhai , Sun Yu , Zhou Xin , Chen Huaguo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a thorough review of the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and biological activities of polysaccharides obtained from seaweed. The focus is on the polysaccharide compositions of green algae, brown algae, and red algae, which are systematically compared and analyzed. It has been discovered that while there are similarities in the extraction and purification processes of seaweed polysaccharides, there are also significant differences and unique features in their structural characteristics and biological activities. These differences are not only reflected in the chemical composition of the polysaccharides but are also closely related to their sources and extraction methods. The relationship between the structure and activity of seaweed polysaccharides will aid in comprehending the biological activity mechanism of marine organisms. This review provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the development of new types of marine drugs or functional foods.
The degree of bowel remission predicts phenotype progression in Crohn's disease
Authors: Fernandes Samuel Raimundo , Bernardo Sónia , Saraiva Sofia , Gonçalves Ana Rita , Moura Santos Paula , Valente Ana , Araújo Correia Luís , Cortez‐Pinto Helena , Magro Fernando 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Crohn's disease (CD) are at risk of progressing from inflammatory to stricturing and penetrating phenotypes. The influence of the depth of remission on the risk of progression has not been adequately evaluated.MethodsA retrospective cohort study including surgically naïve CD patients with inflammatory phenotype evaluated concomitantly by magnetic resonance enterography and colonoscopy. The degree of remission was correlated with the risk of progressing to stricturing and penetrating phenotypes.ResultsThree hundred nineteen CD patients were included: 27.0% with transmural remission, 16.0% with isolated endoscopic remission, 14.4% with isolated radiologic remission, and 42.6% without remission. Patients with transmural remission presented the lowest rates of phenotype progression (1.2%), with a significant difference compared to isolated radiologic remission (10.9%, p = 0.019), to isolated endoscopic remission (19.6%, p ≤ 0.001), and to no remission (46.3%, p ≤ 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, transmural remission (OR 0.017 95% CI 0.002–0.135, p < 0.001), isolated radiologic remission (OR 0.139 95% CI 0.049–0.396, p < 0.001), and isolated endoscopic remission (OR 0.301 95% CI 0.123–0.736, p = 0.008) resulted in lower rates of phenotype progression compared to no remission. No patient with transmural or isolated radiologic remission progressed to penetrating phenotypes.ConclusionThe degree of bowel remission correlates with the risk of phenotype progression. Patients with transmural remission are at the lowest risk of progressing to stricturing and penetrating phenotypes.
Correlation of wind and precipitation annual aggregate severity of European cyclones
Authors: Jones Toby P. , Stephenson David B. , Priestley Matthew D. K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study has investigated the correlation between wind gust and precipitation annual aggregate severity arising from extratropical cyclones over the Europe‐Atlantic region. Annual aggregate severity indices have been constructed by summing exceedances above chosen damage thresholds of wind gust and precipitation accumulation for all storms. A strong positive correlation between wind and precipitation aggregate severity exists at low thresholds. At higher thresholds where severity indices are a better reflection of wind and flood losses, negative correlations occur over Western Europe. These aggregates should therefore not be assumed to be either independent or positively correlated.
Probing positivity at the LHC with exclusive photon-fusion processes
Authors: Gu Jiayin , Shu Chi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
By tagging one or two intact protons in the forward direction, it is possible to select and measure exclusive photon-fusion processes at the LHC. The same processes can also be measured in heavy ion collisions, and are often denoted as ultraperipheral collisions (UPC) processes. Such measurements open up the possibility of probing certain dimension-8 operators and their positivity bounds at the LHC. As a demonstration, we perform a phenomenological study on the γγ → ℓ+ℓ− processes, and find out that the measurements of this process at the HL-LHC provide reaches on a set of dimension-8 operator coefficients that are comparable to the ones at future lepton colliders. We also point out that the γq → γq process could potentially have better reaches on similar types of operators due to its larger cross section, but a more detailed experimental study is need to estimate the signal and background rates of this process. The validity of effective field theory (EFT) and the robustness of the positivity interpretation are also discussed.
Tensor network representation of non-abelian gauge theory coupled to reduced staggered fermions
Authors: Asaduzzaman Muhammad , Catterall Simon , Meurice Yannick , Sakai Ryo , Toga Goksu Can 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We show how to construct a tensor network representation of the path integral for reduced staggered fermions coupled to a non-abelian gauge field in two dimensions. The resulting formulation is both memory and computation efficient because reduced staggered fermions can be represented in terms of a minimal number of tensor indices while the gauge sector can be approximated using Gaussian quadrature with a truncation. Numerical results obtained using the Grassmann TRG algorithm are shown for the case of SU(2) lattice gauge theory and compared to Monte Carlo results.
Automatisierte Surveillance und Risikovorhersage mit dem Ziel einer risikostratifizierten Infektionskontrolle und -prävention (RISK Prediction for Risk-stratified Infection Control and Prevention)
Authors: Marschollek Michael , Marquet Mike , Reinoso Schiller Nicolás , Naim Joëlle , Aghdassi Seven Johannes Sam , Behnke Michael , Ehrenberg Sandra , von Landesberger Tatiana , Misailovski Martin , Prasser Fabian , Scherag André , Schlueter Dirk , Wulff Antje ,   RISK PRINCIPE Study Group, Hoogestraat Anna Thalea , Wulff Antje , Prasser Fabian , Peña Diaz Luis Alberto , Geffers Christine , Gietzelt Matthias , Baier Claas , Schlüter Dirk , Hermes Julia , Eckmanns Tim , Boeker Martin , Gebhardt Friedemann , Busch Dirk , Andreeff Anne-Katrin , Sedlmayr Martin , de With Katja , Schaaf Jannik , Storf Holger , Bönniger Meta , Vehreschild Jörg Janne , Scheithauer Simone , Misailovski Martin , Reinoso Schiller Nicolás , Kaase Martin , Krefting Dagmar , Wiesenfeld Martin , Dugas Martin , Dalpke Alexander , Pletz Mathias , Marquet Mike , Scherag André , Kesselmeier Miriam , Müller Susanne , Ammon Danny , von Landesberger Tatiana , Baumgartl Tom , Mellmann Alexander , Philipps Christian , Hornberg Claudia Maria , Kurzai Oliver , Kampmeier Stefanie , Pryss Rüdiger , Pletz Mathias , Scheithauer Simone 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungNosokomiale Infektionen stellen weltweit, aber auch in Deutschland eine enorme Belastung für Patient*innen, Beschäftigte im Gesundheitswesen, Angehörige und die Gesellschaft dar. Zentrale Aufgaben der Infektionsprävention sind die Erfassung und Bewertung von Infektionen mit dem Ziel, Präventionspotenziale und Risikofaktoren zu identifizieren, geeignete Maßnahmen zu ergreifen und schließlich zu bewerten. Aus Sicht der Infektionsprävention wäre es von großem Wert, wenn (i) das Erfassen der Infektionsfälle automatisiert werden könnte und wenn (ii) es möglich wäre, im Voraus besonders gefährdete Patient*innen und Patient*innengruppen zu identifizieren, die von spezifischen und/oder zusätzlichen Interventionen profitieren würden.Um diese risikoadaptierte bzw. individualisierte Infektionsprävention zu erreichen, entwickelt das Forschungsprojekt RISK PRINCIPE auf der Grundlage standardisierter, großer Datenbestände Algorithmen und computergestützte Anwendungen, welche Fachwissen im Bereich der Infektionsprävention nutzen.Im Rahmen des Projekts werden 2 Ziele verfolgt: a) die Entwicklung sowie Validierung eines semiautomatischen Surveillance-Systems für im Krankenhaus erworbene Blutstrominfektionen, prototypisch für nosokomiale Infektionen, und b) die Verwendung von umfangreichen Patient*innendaten aus verschiedenen Quellen zur Erstellung eines individuellen oder gruppenspezifischen Infektionsrisikoprofils.RISK PRINCIPE baut auf das Zusammenbringen der Expertisen von Medizininformatik und Infektionsmedizin mit dem Fokus auf Hygiene und nutzt u. a. Informationen und Erfahrungen aus 2 Konsortien (HiGHmed und SMITH) der deutschen Medizininformatik-Initiative (MII), die bereits über 5 Jahre erfolgreich an infektionsmedizinischen Anwendungsfällen gearbeitet haben.
Deep cardiac phenotyping by cardiovascular magnetic resonance reveals subclinical focal and diffuse myocardial injury in patients with psoriasis (PSOR-COR study)
Authors: Gröschel Jan , Grassow Leonhard , Blaszczyk Edyta , Lommel Kerstin , Kokolakis Georgios , Sabat Robert , Schulz-Menger Jeanette 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) is a chronic inflammatory disorder frequently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to provide a prospective tissue characterization in patients with PV without major CVD using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).

Methods
Patients with PV underwent laboratory assessment, a 12-lead and 24-h ECG, and a CMR exam at a 1.5-T scanner. Scan protocol included assessment of left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular function and strain analysis, native and post-contrast T1 mapping, T2 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE).

Results
In total, 60 PV patients (median(IQR) age in years: 50.0 (36.0–60.8); 34 men (56.7%)) were recruited and compared to 40 healthy volunteers (age in years: 49.5 (37.3–57.8); 21 men (53.0%)). No differences were found regarding LV and RV function (p = 0.78 and p = 0.75). Global radial and circumferential strains were lower in patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). PV had higher global T1 times (1001 (982–1026) ms vs. 991 (968–1005) ms; p = 0.01) and lower global T2 times (48 (47–49) ms vs. 50 (48–51) ms; p < 0.001); however, all values were within local reference ranges. Focal non-ischemic fibrosis was observed in 17 (28.3%) PV patients.

Conclusion
Deep cardiac phenotyping by CMR revealed subclinical myocardial injury in patients with PV without major CVD, despite preserved LV and RV function. Diffuse and focal fibrosis might be the first detectable signs of adverse tissue remodeling leading to reduced circumferential and radial myocardial deformation. In the background of local and systemic immunomodulatory therapy, no signs of myocardial inflammation were detected. The exact impact of immunomodulatory therapies on the myocardium needs to be addressed in future studies.

Study registration
ISRCTN71534700

Graphical Abstract
Proposal and evaluation of new models for predicting the FRP contribution to shear strength in reinforced concrete beams using gene expression programming
Authors: Alacali Sema , Akkaya Hasan Cem , Sengun Kadir , Arslan Guray 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) have been widely used in shear strengthening applications of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The accurate prediction of the FRP contribution to the shear strength of beams is essential for reliable design. Gene expression programming (GEP) has been widely utilized because it reliably expresses complex relationships between experimental variables. In this study, three new GEP models are proposed for three different strengthening configurations of FRP such as fully-wrapping, U wrapping, and side-bonding to predict the FRP contribution to shear strength. These models are developed using the most comprehensive database containing a total of 811 strengthened beams (350 fully-wrapped, 328 U-wrapped, and 133 side-bonded. Many variables have been considered in the proposed GEP models, including those that have been experimentally effective but are often neglected in existing literature equations, such as the shear span-to-effective depth ratio $$(a/d)$$

(
a
/
d
)

and the stirrup ratio ($${\rho }_{w}$$

ρ
w

). Additionally, the reliability of existing equations in the literature and the proposed GEP models for predicting the FRP contribution to shear strength was statistically evaluated. As a result of this evaluation, the proposed GEP models for each strengthening configuration of FRP yielded the most accurate statistical results, with the lowest coefficient of variation (COV), and the highest coefficient of correlation (R).
Comparative effectiveness of peroneus longus tendon (PLT) autografts versus hamstring tendon (HT) autografts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a comprehensive systematic review and meta analysis
Authors: Park Jae Yong , Fernandes André , Park Shin Young , Lim Hayeon , Sayudo Iqbal Farhan , Leibovitch Liron , Machinski Elcio , Ha Joon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe hamstring tendon (HT) autograft is currently the most widely utilised autograft option for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, recent studies endorse the peroneus longus tendon (PLT) autograft as a viable alternative. To evaluate this, we systematically reviewed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the efficacy of PLT against HT autografts. Our search encompassed Cochrane, Embase, OVID, PubMed, and Scopus databases for RCTs comparing outcomes of PLT and HT autografts in ACL reconstruction. Primary outcomes included Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, while secondary outcomes involved American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, graft diameters and donor-site complications. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration) and heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics. 683 patients from 6 RCTs were included, with 338 (49.5%) patients treated with PLT autografts. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 30 months. Despite lower preoperative Lysholm scores in the PLT group, no significant differences were observed at 6 and 12 months. Although preoperative and 6-month IKDC scores were lower in the PLT group, no significant differences were found at 12 and 24 months. AOFAS scores showed no significant preoperative difference, but slightly lower scores were noted in the PLT group at 12 or 24 months. There was no significant difference in graft diameter, while donor-site complications were fewer in the PLT group. In summary, the PLT autograft is a promising and non-inferior alternative to the HT autograft, demonstrating equivalent outcomes in patient-reported knee and ankle metrics, comparable graft diameters and fewer donor-site complications.
Deciphering Middle Stone Age Technological Behaviors: An Analysis of the Lithic Technology from Level VI-B at Mumba, Tanzania
Authors: Solano-Megías Irene , Maíllo-Fernández José Manuel , Mabulla Audax Z. P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Mumba rockshelter, located in the northwest of Lake Eyasi is key to understanding the Stone Age in East Africa. The stratigraphy of the site spans the last 130 ka BP and comprises levels from the Middle Stone Age, the Later Stone Age, the Pastoral Neolithic, and the Iron Age. In terms of the Middle Stone Age (MSA), Mumba has helped to define two lithic industries: Sanzako (130 ka BP) and Kisele (90–50 Ka BP) that characterize this techno-complex in northern Tanzania. The Sanzako industry was defined based on level VI-B at Mumba, which was excavated in 1938 by Köhl-Larssen. Here we present the study of the lithic assemblage excavated by Mehlman between 1977 and 1981. Mehlman subdivided this unit into three sublevels (Lower, Middle, and Upper), all of which remained unanalyzed and therefore, unpublished. The main features of the lithic assemblages found in the three sublevels are the presence of discoid, Levallois, and bipolar knapping methods. Additionally, the retouched tools are mainly sidescrapers, denticulates, and notches. This recent research enables us to understand the Sanzako industry in more detail, as well as its nature within the chronocultural framework of the MSA in northern Tanzania.
Prediction of the creeping of AFC based on fuzzy reasoning and Bi-LSTM fusion iteration
Authors: Li Suhua , Xie Jiacheng , Wang Xuewen , Ge Fuxiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract The creeping of Armoured Face Conveyor (AFC) is an engineering problem that needs to be avoided in coal mining production process. In this paper, a method for predicting the creeping accident of AFC based on fuzzy reasoning and Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) fusion iteration is put forward. Firstly, through the force analysis of the AFC and the fuzzy correlation analysis method in the actual operation process, the reasons for the creeping of AFC are analyzed; Secondly, according to the propulsion characteristics of the AFC in the time sequence development, the method of the AFC running track based on Bi-LSTM neural network is proposed; Then, on the basis of the virtual transformation of the prediction results, a judgment mechanism for the extent of the creeping of the AFC based on fuzzy evidence reasoning based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and Dempster-Shafer evidence theory (D-S evidence theory) is established; Finally, the analysis on the creeping of 9711 full-mechanized mining face in Kaiyuan Mine under virtual environment after 6 cycles of continuous advancement shows that the extent of creeping of AFC is relatively high and coal mining accidents are likely to occur.
Technology and geometry: Fostering young children's geometrical concepts through a research-based robotic coding program
Authors: Aslan Durmuş , Dağaynası Songül , Ceylan Mehmet 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGeometric concepts are fundamental to early geometry education, and developmentally appropriate practices are crucial for teaching them to young children. Robotic coding is an effective tool in many areas of early mathematics and has significant potential in teaching geometric concepts. This study aimed to test the impact of a research-based robotic coding program on young children's understanding of geometric concepts. A quasi-experimental design was used with two intervention groups. The study involved 52 5-year-old children from a public kindergarten. The intervention-1 group (n = 18) received a research-based robotic coding program, while the intervention-2 group (n = 16) received a research-based no-coding program. The non-intervention group (n = 18) attended their regular program. Data on participants' understanding of geometrical concepts was collected through individual interviews using a geometric shapes classification test. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was utilized to assess the effectiveness of two interventions. The results showed that both interventions had a significant effect with the robotic program being more effective. Additionally, follow-up tests indicated that both interventions had a lasting effect on the children's understanding of geometrical concepts. The study highlighted the potential of incorporating robotic coding and relevant research in fostering young children's geometrical development.
Pearl Fisheries in South Asia: Archaeological Evidence from Pre-Colonial and Colonial Shell Middens around the Gulf of Mannar in Sri Lanka
Authors: Siriwardana Thilanka M. , Dissanayake Nadeera H. , Çakırlar Canan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates pre-colonial and colonial-era pearl fisheries in Sri Lanka using archaeological data from the Gulf of Mannar (GoM). Following surface surveys, test pits were excavated in three pearl oyster middens and one coastal settlement. The archaeomalacological study of the molluscan remains from the middens confirms that the pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata) was the predominant species exploited, providing a clear picture of the pearl oyster bank ecosystems used at the industrial level. Morphometric analysis of the pearl oysters allows for an assessment of exploitation pressure. Ceramic and radiocarbon analyses date the high impact of the pearl industry from the tenth to the nineteenth centuries. The study of by-catch fauna provides insight into pearl bank ecosystems over time. These archaeological findings highlight the impact of industrial extractions on a single species.