bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bimodal alarm signals modulate responses to monomodal alarm signals in Camponotus modoc carpenter ants
Authors: Renyard Asim , Gries Gerhard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDistressed western carpenter ants, Camponotus modoc, produce alarm pheromone and substrate‐borne vibrations. The alarm pheromone attracts nestmates but the effects of vibratory signals, or of bimodal pheromonal and vibratory signals, are not known. Worker ants of two Camponotus congeners reportedly stand still (“freeze”) or run fast in response to engineered drumming vibrations inputted on plastic, but many responses to ant‐produced vibratory signals on wood have not yet been investigated. Generally, orientating toward signalers under vertebrate predator attack seems maladaptive and not beneficial to ant colonies. We tested the hypotheses (1) that vibratory alarm signals cause freezing, rapid running but not attraction of nestmates, and (2) that bimodal alarm signals modulate responses to monomodal alarm signals, thereby possibly reducing predation risk. Laser Doppler vibrometry recordings revealed that the ants’ vibratory signals readily propagate through ant nest lamellae, and thus quickly inform nest mates of perceived threats. With a speaker modified to record and deliver vibratory signals, we obtained drumming signals of distressed ants on a Douglas fir veneer, and bioassayed signal effects on ants in an arena with a suspended veneer floor. In response playback of vibratory signals, ants ran rapidly, or froze, but did not approach the vibratory signals. Exposed to alarm pheromone, ants frequently visited the pheromone source. However, concurrently exposed to both alarm pheromone and vibratory signals, ants visited the pheromone source less often but spent more time “frozen.” The ants’ modulated responses to bimodal signals seem adaptive but the reproductive fitness benefits are still to be quantified.
Guidelines for Reasonable and Appropriate Care in the Emergency Department (GRACE‐4): Alcohol use disorder and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome management in the emergency department
Authors: Borgundvaag Bjug , Bellolio Fernanda , Miles Isabelle , Schwarz Evan S. , Sharif Sameer , Su Mark K. , Baumgartner Kevin , Liss David B. , Sheikh Hasan , Vogel Jody , Austin Emily B. , Upadhye Suneel , Klaiman Michelle , Vellend Robert , Munkley Anna , Carpenter Christopher R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe fourth Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Guidelines for Reasonable and Appropriate Care in the Emergency Department (GRACE‐4) is on the topic of the emergency department (ED) management of nonopioid use disorders and focuses on alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). The SAEM GRACE‐4 Writing Team, composed of emergency physicians and experts in addiction medicine and patients with lived experience, applied the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendations regarding six priority questions for adult ED patients with AWS, AUD, and CHS. The SAEM GRACE‐4 Writing Team reached the following recommendations: (1) in adult ED patients (over the age of 18) with moderate to severe AWS who are being admitted to hospital, we suggest using phenobarbital in addition to benzodiazepines compared to using benzodiazepines alone [low to very low certainty of evidence]; (2) in adult ED patients (over the age of 18) with AUD who desire alcohol cessation, we suggest a prescription for one anticraving medication [very low certainty of evidence]; (2a) in adult ED patients (over the age of 18) with AUD, we suggest naltrexone (compared to no prescription) to prevent return to heavy drinking [low certainty of evidence]; (2b) in adult ED patients (over the age of 18) with AUD and contraindications to naltrexone, we suggest acamprosate (compared to no prescription) to prevent return to heavy drinking and/or to reduce heavy drinking [low certainty of evidence]; (2c) in adult ED patients (over the age of 18) with AUD, we suggest gabapentin (compared to no prescription) for the management of AUD to reduce heavy drinking days and improve alcohol withdrawal symptoms [very low certainty of evidence]; (3a) in adult ED patients (over the age of 18) presenting to the ED with CHS we suggest the use of haloperidol or droperidol (in addition to usual care/serotonin antagonists, e.g., ondansetron) to help with symptom management [very low certainty of evidence]; and (3b) in adult ED patients (over the age of 18) presenting to the ED with CHS, we also suggest offering the use of topical capsaicin (in addition to usual care/serotonin antagonists, e.g., ondansetron) to help with symptom management [very low certainty of evidence].
Development of new hormonal male contraception for the couple
Authors: Kroopnick Jeffrey M. , Lee Min S. , Blithe Diana L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCurrent options for male contraception are limited to condoms, the withdrawal method, or a vasectomy. Studies indicate that men have expressed growing interest in bearing responsibility for family planning.ObjectivesTo review prior studies investigating the role of an androgen‐only or androgen with progestin regimen for hormonal male contraception and to provide an update of a promising new hormonal agent, a transdermal gel.DiscussionThus far, there have been six studies conducted in couples evaluating the contraceptive efficacy of an androgen‐only or androgen co‐administered with a progestin regimen for hormonal male contraception. The only ongoing study is by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, in collaboration with the Population Council. They have developed a novel transdermal gel containing testosterone and segesterone acetate (Nestorone), a progestin. An ongoing phase II study enrolling more than 460 couples has shown great potential with respect to the product's efficacy, safety, reversibility, and acceptability. As this agent advances in development, a rapid at‐home test for sperm concentration will provide couples with immediate feedback regarding their potential for pregnancy.ConclusionThere is promise for the first‐of‐its‐kind hormonal male contraceptive, a transdermal gel, to achieve market approval for distribution in the United States and elsewhere. Its safety, efficacy, reversibility, and user‐control are all appealing qualities that make it readily adoptable for clinical practice.
Striatin knock out induces a gain of function of INa and impaired Ca2+ handling in mESC‐derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Benzoni P. , Arici M. , Giannetti F. , Cospito A. , Prevostini R. , Volani C. , Fassina L. , Rosato‐Siri M. D. , Metallo A. , Gennaccaro L. , Suffredini S. , Foco L. , Mazzetti S. , Calogero A. , Cappelletti G. , Leibbrandt A. , Elling U. , Broso F. , Penninger J. M. , Pramstaller P. P. , Piubelli C. , Bucchi A. , Baruscotti M. , Rossini A. , Rocchetti M. , Barbuti A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimStriatin (Strn) is a scaffold protein expressed in cardiomyocytes (CMs) and alteration of its expression are described in various cardiac diseases. However, the alteration underlying its pathogenicity have been poorly investigated.MethodsWe studied the role(s) of cardiac Strn gene (STRN) by comparing the functional properties of CMs, generated from Strn‐KO and isogenic WT mouse embryonic stem cell lines.ResultsThe spontaneous beating rate of Strn‐KO CMs was faster than WT cells, and this correlated with a larger fast INa conductance and no changes in If. Paced (2–8 Hz) Strn‐KO CMs showed prolonged action potential (AP) duration in comparison with WT CMs and this was not associated with changes in ICaL and IKr. Motion video tracking analysis highlighted an altered contraction in Strn‐KO CMs; this was associated with a global increase in intracellular Ca2+, caused by an enhanced late Na+ current density (INaL) and a reduced Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) activity and expression. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the higher Na+ channel expression and a more dynamic microtubule network in Strn‐KO CMs than in WT. Indeed, incubation of Strn‐KO CMs with the microtubule stabilizer taxol, induced a rescue (downregulation) of INa conductance toward WT levels.ConclusionLoss of STRN alters CMs electrical and contractile profiles and affects cell functionality by a disarrangement of Strn‐related multi‐protein complexes. This leads to impaired microtubules dynamics and Na+ channels trafficking to the plasma membrane, causing a global Na+ and Ca2+ enhancement.
Geochemical signature identifying features and archaeological structures in eastern Amazonian Terra Preta sites
Authors: Hosn Majd Nidal Aboul , Figueira Bruno Apolo Miranda , Junior Paulo Sérgio Taube , da Silva José Francisco Berredo Reis , Archanjo Bráulio Soares , Gul Kashif , Malik Sumeet , da Costa Marcondes Lima 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present work describes the chemistry and mineralogy of soils such as Terra Preta Arqueológica (TPA) or Terra Preta de Índio (TPI) from the Bitoca I and II sites, located in the Salobo Region (Carajás Mineral Province, Pará‐Brazil). The results revealed chemical and mineralogical characteristics that are similar to other TPAs found throughout the Amazon region, such as relatively high levels of Ca (average of 3600 ppm), P (average of 850 ppm), Mn (average of 730 ppm), Zn (average of 55 ppm), and Cu (average of 63 ppm). In soils related to the characteristics of occupation by huts and campfires, the mineralogical composition is represented by quartz, kaolinite, calcite, muscovite, anatase, hematite, goethite, and gibbsite. Amorphous phases have also been identified mainly as calcium phosphates and organic matter (humic and fulvic acids). The analysis of the features/structures described here helped in the identification/verification of areas destined for different activities within the sites.
Framing consumer empowerment in the digital economy: From networks and engagement toward sustainable purchase
Authors: Vătămănescu Elena‐Mădălina , Dinu Elena , Gazzola Patrizia , Dabija Dan‐Cristian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current study investigates the influence of variety among online providers and customers' access to knowledge on consumer networks, consumer engagement, and sustainable purchasing. Emphasis is on the underlying relationships among these constructs in the digital economy, which has evolved into a complex structure of multifarious nodes and linkages unfolding in the online environment. The underlying theoretical approaches are knowledge‐attitude‐behavior (KAB) and customer sovereignty. Against this backdrop, a questionnaire‐based survey was given to 200 Millennials (i.e., generation Y) and gen Z Italians—approached as empowered stakeholders requiring accurate information and sustainable solutions from online providers—in January 2023. The data was processed via the structural equation modeling technique PLS‐SEM, based on SmartPLS 4. The findings indicated that sustainable purchasing is influenced to some extent by access to knowledge, consumer engagement, and consumer networks. The study endeavors to fill a research gap, as the relationships between variety among online providers and sustainable purchasing, as well as consumer engagement from the empowerment perspective are underexplored. The study provides new evidence of the relationships between consumer networks, consumers' access to knowledge, sustainable purchasing, and consumer engagement in the framework of online retail by inquiring respondents.
Peri‐implantitis and maxillary sinus membrane thickening: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pons Ramón , Giralt‐Hernando Maria , Nart José , de Tapia Beatriz , Hernández‐Alfaro Federico , Monje Alberto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate the association of peri‐implantitis (PI) and sinus membrane thickening and to assess the resolution of membrane thickening following intervention (implant removal or peri‐implantitis treatment) aimed at arresting PI.Materials and MethodsForty‐five patients with 61 implants in the posterior maxillary region were retrospectively included in the study. Twenty‐four patients were diagnosed with peri‐implantitis (PI) and 21 had peri‐implant health (PH). Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were evaluated to assess maxillary sinus characteristics, including membrane thickening, sinus occupancy and ostium patency. The CBCT scans taken 6 months after intervention aimed at arresting disease (implant removal or treatment of PI) in the PI group were also appraised and compared to baseline scans.ResultsAt baseline, all parameters evaluating membrane thickness disorders yielded significant differences between groups (p < .001). Patients with posterior maxillary implants diagnosed with PI were 7× more likely to present membrane thickening compatible with pathology when compared to patients with healthy implants (OR = 7.14; p = .005). Furthermore, the likelihood was 6x greater in implants diagnosed with PI to exhibit moderate membrane thickening (OR = 6.75, p = .001). The patients receiving interventions aimed at arresting PI experienced significant enhancement in all radiographic parameters related to the sinus cavity at the 6‐month follow‐up (p < .001), though these variations were similarly independent of whether treatment consisted of PI treatment or implant removal.ConclusionsMaxillary sinus membrane thickening and the permeability/obstruction of the ostium are frequently associated with the presence of PI in posterior implants. Interventions targeting disease resolution effectively reduce membrane thickness to levels compatible with maxillary sinus health.
An update on noninvasive neuromodulation in the treatment of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness
Authors: Wan Xiaoping , Zhang Ye , Li Yanhua , Song Weiqun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith the improvement of emergency techniques, the survival rate of patients with severe brain injury has increased. However, this has also led to an annual increase in the number of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoC). Hence, recovery of consciousness is an important part of treatment. With advancing techniques, noninvasive neuromodulation seems a promising intervention. The objective of this review was to summarize the latest techniques and provide the basis for protocols of noninvasive neuromodulations in pDoC.MethodsThis review summarized the advances in noninvasive neuromodulation in the treatment of pDoC in the last 5 years.ResultsVariable techniques of neuromodulation are used in pDoC. Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) and transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) are very new techniques, while transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are still the hotspots in pDoC. Median nerve electrical stimulation (MNS) has received little attention in the last 5 years.ConclusionsNoninvasive neuromodulation is a valuable and promising technique to treat pDoC. Further studies are needed to determine a unified stimulus protocol to achieve optimal effects as well as safety.
The health‐related quality of life of early‐onset colorectal cancer patients: an Australian cross‐sectional study
Authors: Garrett Celine , Koh Cherry E. , Solomon Michael J. , Steffens Daniel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimEarly‐onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) patients are more likely to have advanced disease and undergo more aggressive treatment modalities. However, current literature investigating the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of EOCRC patients is scarce. This study aimed to determine the HRQoL of an Australian cohort of EOCRC patients including a subset who underwent pelvic exenteration (PE) or cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).MethodA cross‐sectional study of EOCRC patients treated at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Australia was performed. Patients were divided into groups based on the time interval from their index operation: ≤2 years and >2 years. HRQoL was evaluated using the SF‐36v2 questionnaire.ResultsA total of 50 patients were included. For patients ≤2 years from surgery, the median physical component summary (PCS) and mental health component summary (MCS) scores were 53.3 (36.4–58.9) and 47.3 (37.5–55.7). In the >2 years group, the median PCS and MCS scores were 50.6 (43.3–57.7) and 50.2 (39.04–56.2), respectively. Stage I (vs. stage II) disease and emergency (vs. elective) surgery conferred poorer PCS scores in patients ≤2 years from surgery. No other variables impacted PCS or MCS scores in EOCRC patients in either group.ConclusionsHRQoL of EOCRC patients was equivocal to the Australian population. Having an earlier stage of diagnosis and emergency index operation was associated with poorer levels of physical functioning in patients ≤2 years from surgery. However, because of the limitations of this study, these findings require validation in future large‐scale prospective research.
Determinants of serious health outcome‐free status in middle‐aged and older people with dysglycaemia: Exploratory analysis of the ORIGIN trial
Authors: Mohammedi Kamel , Hess Sibylle , McQueen Matthew , Pigeyre Marie , Lee Shun Fu , Pare Guillaume , Gerstein Hertzel C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo assess clinical and biochemical measurements that can identify people with dysglycaemia (i.e. diabetes or pre‐diabetes) who remain free of serious outcomes during follow‐up.Materials and MethodsWe conducted exploratory analyses using data from the Outcomes Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) study to identify independent determinants of outcome‐free status in 12 537 middle‐aged and older adults with prediabetes and early type 2 diabetes from 40 countries. Serious outcome‐free status was defined as the absence of major cardiovascular outcomes, kidney or retinal outcomes, peripheral artery disease, dementia, cancer, any hospitalization, or death during follow‐up.ResultsIn total, 3328 (26.6%) participants remained free of serious outcomes during a median follow‐up of 6.2 years (IQR 5.8, 6.7). Independent clinical determinants of outcome‐free status included younger age, female sex, non‐White ethnicity, shorter diabetes duration, absence of previous cardiovascular disease, current or former smokers, higher grip strength, Mini‐Mental State Examination score, and ankle‐brachial index, lower body mass index and kidney disease index, and non‐use of renin‐angiotensin system drugs and beta‐blockers. In a subset of 8401 people with baseline measurements of 238 biomarkers, growth differentiation factor 15, kidney injury molecule‐1, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, uromodulin, C‐reactive protein, factor VII and ferritin were independent determinants. The combination of clinical determinants and biomarkers best identified participants who remained outcome‐free (C‐statistics 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.70‐0.73; net reclassification improvement 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.48‐0.58).ConclusionsA set of routinely measured clinical characteristics and seven protein biomarkers identify middle‐aged and older people with prediabetes or early type 2 diabetes as least likely to experience serious outcomes during follow‐up.
Carrion type and extent of breeding success together influence subsequent carrion choice by adult burying beetles
Authors: Park Hyun Woo , Issar Swastika , Kilner Rebecca M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Insects can adjust their behaviour in relation to experience in a wide range of contexts including foraging, mate selection and choice of oviposition site. Here, we investigate whether burying beetles Nicrophorus vespilloides modulate their choice of carrion type in relation to the outcome of their past breeding experience.
Burying beetles require the carcass of a small vertebrate, such as a mouse or a chick, to reproduce. Beetle parents convert this carrion into an edible nursery for their larvae, whom they typically care for throughout larval development. We tested whether a beetle's past breeding experience influenced its subsequent choice of carrion when presented simultaneously with either a dead mouse or a dead chick.
We found that beetles that bred on a mouse and produced many larvae in their first breeding attempt subsequently favoured mice over chicks for their second breeding attempt. Beetles that had produced fewer larvae on a dead mouse switched to favouring dead chicks in their second breeding attempt. Those that had bred on a dead chick chose carrion at random subsequently, regardless of their previous breeding success.
Our general conclusion is that burying beetles can integrate different sources of information about their past breeding experience with current cues when selecting carrion for reproduction.
Frontex and access to justice: The need for effective monitoring mechanisms
Authors: Guild Elspeth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAccess to justice depends on the ability of the person who is alleging a breach of human rights to establish to a credible extent the facts of the case. Where the individual is unable to provide supporting documentation about the facts, the claims are likely to be found inadmissible, or at least the defendant's lawyers are likely to seek to have the case dismissed on the basis of no case to answer. The transnational nature of state authorities' violence in external border controls (border violence) complicates the ability of victims to establish what has actually happened. Indeed, victims are often on one side of the border and those seeking to assist them on the other, while border police themselves are most reluctant to assist in establishing facts which may result in liability for themselves. This article examines how the EU can establish effective monitoring mechanisms with the competence to investigate allegations of state agencies' border violence building on existing structures.
Comparison of nature‐inspired algorithms in finite element‐based metaheuristic optimisation of laminated shells
Authors: Pal Subham , Kalita Kanak , Haldar Salil 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work presents a unique technique for optimising composite laminates used as structural components, which is critical for situations where failure might result in disastrous effects. Unlike traditional surrogate‐based optimisation approaches, this methodology combines the accurate modelling capabilities of finite element (FE) analysis with the iterative refining capacity of metaheuristic algorithms. By combining these two methodologies, our method intends to improve the design process of laminated shell structures, assuring robustness and dependability is crucial. Compared to existing benchmark solutions, the current FE shows a <1% error for cylindrical and spherical shells. The prime objective of this study is to identify the optimum ply angles for attaining a high fundamental frequency. The problem is NP‐hard because the possible ply angles span a wide range (±90°), making it difficult for optimisation algorithms to find a solution. Seven popular metaheuristic algorithms, namely the genetic algorithm (GA), the ant lion optimisation (ALO), the arithmetic optimisation algorithm (AOA), the dragonfly algorithm (DA), the grey wolf optimisation (GWO), the salp swarm optimisation (SSO), and the whale optimisation algorithm (WOA), are applied to and compared on a wide range of shell design problems. It assesses parameter sensitivity, discovering significant design elements that influence dynamic behaviour. Convergence studies demonstrate the superior performance of AOA, GWO, and WOA optimisers. Rigorous statistical comparisons assist practitioners in picking the best optimisation technique. FE‐GWO, FE‐DA, and FE‐SSA methods surpass the other techniques as well as the layerwise optimisation strategy. The findings obtained, employing the GWO, DA, and SSA optimisers, demonstrate ~3% improvement over the existing literature. With respect to conventional layup designs (cross‐ply and angle‐ply), the current optimised designs are better by at least 0.43% and as much as 48.91%.