bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Input distribution influences degree of auxiliary use by children with specific language impairment
Authors: Leonard Laurence B. , Deevy Patricia 
Published: April 2011

AbstractChildren with specific language impairment (SLI) show a protracted period of inconsistent use of tense/agreement morphemes. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether this inconsistent use could be attributed to the children's misinterpretations of particular syntactic structures in the input. In Study 1, preschool-aged children with SLI and typically developing peers heard sentences containing novel verbs preceded by auxiliarywasor sentences in which the novel verb formed part of a nonfinite subject-verb sequence within a larger syntactic structure (e.g.We saw the dog relling). The children were then tested on their use of the novel verbs in contexts that obligated use of auxiliaryis. The children with SLI were less accurate than their peers and more likely to produce the novel verb withoutisif the verb had been heard in a nonfinite subject-verb sequence. In Study 2, children with SLI and typically developing peers were tested on their comprehension of sentences such asThe cow sees the horse eating. The children with SLI were less accurate than their peers and were disproportionately influenced by the nonfinite subject-verb clause at the end of the sentence. We interpret these findings within the framework of construction learning.
Metonymy in word-formation
Authors: Janda Laura A. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A foundational goal of cognitive linguistics is to explain linguistic phenomena in terms of general cognitive strategies rather than postulating an autonomous language module (Langacker 1987: 12–13). Metonymy is identified among the imaginative capacities of cognition (Langacker 1993: 30, 2009: 46–47). Whereas the majority of scholarship on metonymy has focused on lexical metonymy, this study explores the systematic presence of metonymy in word-formation. I argue that in many cases, the semantic relationships between stems, affixes, and the words they form can be analyzed in terms of metonymy, and that this analysis yields a better, more insightful classification than traditional descriptions of word-formation. I present a metonymic classification of suffixal word-formation in three languages: Russian, Czech, and Norwegian. The system of classification is designed to maximize comparison between lexical and word-formational metonymy. This comparison supports another central claim of cognitive linguistics, namely that grammar (in this case word-formation) and lexicon form a continuum (Langacker 1987: 18–19), since I show that metonymic relationships in the two domains can be described in nearly identical terms. While many metonymic relationships are shared across the lexical and grammatical domains, some are specific to only one domain, and the two domains show different preferences for source and target concepts. Furthermore, I find that the range of metonymic relationships expressed in word-formation is more diverse than what has been found in lexical metonymy. There is remarkable similarity in word-formational metonymy across the three languages, despite their typological differences, though they all show some degree of language-specific behavior as well. Although this study is limited to three Indo-European languages, the goal is to create a classification system that could be implemented (perhaps with modifications) across a wider spectrum of languages.
Effect of Phase I Periodontal Therapy on Anti‐Cardiolipin Antibodies in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Associated With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Gunupati Sumanth , Chava Vijay K. , Krishna B. Phani 
Published: April 2011

Background: Serum anti‐cardiolipin (aCL) antibodies are prevalent in patients with periodontal diseases. These increased aCL concentrations were identified to play a modulating role in cardiovascular diseases. The present study aims to explore the effect of phase I periodontal therapy on immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG aCL antibodies in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) associated with chronic periodontitis.Methods: A cross‐sectional randomized clinical study was conducted within two groups comprising a sample size of 72 patients (n = 36 each). Group 1 had clinical features of AMI, and group 2 had clinical features of AMI associated with chronic periodontitis. After a thorough clinical and oral examination, the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (AL) were recorded. Serum sample collection by venipuncture was done for estimation of serum IgM and IgG aCL concentration by using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method. In group 2, phase I periodontal therapy was performed, and clinical and biochemical parameters were reanalyzed after 1 month.Results: In group 2, the mean PI, GI, PD, clinical AL, and serum IgM and IgG aCL antibody levels were significantly higher than in group 1 patients. In addition, study results showed significant alterations in concentrations of serum IgM (P = 0.008) and IgG (P <0.001) aCL along with periodontal parameters after phase I periodontal therapy.Conclusion: The phase I periodontal therapy altered levels of serum IgG and IgM aCL antibodies in patients with AMI associated with chronic periodontitis.
Modulation of Phosphate/Pyrophosphate Metabolism to Regenerate the Periodontium: A Novel In Vivo Approach
Authors: Rodrigues Thaisângela L. , Nagatomo Kanako J. , Foster Brian L. , Nociti Francisco H. , Somerman Martha J. 
Published: April 2011

Background: The developing periodontium is sensitive to local levels of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) as demonstrated by cementum phenotypes resulting from the loss of function of protein regulators of Pi/PPi homeostasis. The progressive ankylosis protein (ANK) regulates the transport of PPi, and progressive ankylosis gene (Ank) and knock‐out (KO) mice feature a rapidly forming and thick cementum. We hypothesized that, besides affecting cementum formation, decreased extracellular PPi levels in Ank KO mice would also impact cementum regeneration.Methods: Periodontal fenestration defects (≈2 mm in length, 1 mm in width, and 0.5 mm in depth) were created on buccal aspects of mandibular molars in Ank KO and wild‐type (WT) mice. Mandibles were harvested at 15 and 30 days post‐surgery for histology, histomorphometry, evaluation of in vivo fluorochrome labeling, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for proteins including bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1).Results: A greater amount of new cementum was observed in Ank KO mice at 15 and 30 days post‐surgery (P <0.05), which was confirmed by fluorochrome labeling showing a higher new cementum appositional activity in defect areas in Ank KO mice versus controls. At days 15 and 30 during healing, regenerating cementum and associated cells in Ank KO samples recapitulated expression patterns mapped during development, including limited BSP and positive OPN and DMP1 in the cementum matrix as well as elevated NPP1 in cementoblasts.Conclusions: Within the limits of the study, these findings suggest that reduced local levels of PPi could promote increased cementum regeneration. Therefore, the local modulation of Pi/PPi may be a potential therapeutic approach for achieving improved cementum regeneration.
Occupational Injuries in a Commune in Rural Vietnam Transitioning From Agriculture to New Industries
Authors: Marucci-Wellman Helen , Leamon Tom B. , Willetts Joanna L. , Binh Ta Thi Tuyet , Diep Nguyen Bich , Wegman David H. , Kriebel David 
Published: April 2011

Objectives. We explored the impact on work-related injuries of workers splitting time between industry and agriculture, a common situation in developing countries. Methods. In 2005, we administered a cross-sectional survey to 2615 households of Xuan Tien, a developing rural community of Vietnam, regarding self-reported injuries and hours worked for 1 year. We defined groups as working in industry, agriculture, or a mix of both. Results. Overlapping employment (part time in agriculture and up to full time in industry) increased the risk of injury in both agricultural and industrial work. This pattern held across all work groups defined by the relative amount of time worked in agriculture. Those working fewer than 500 hours annually in agriculture had an agricultural injury rate (872 per 1000 full-time equivalents) that was more than 4 times higher than the average rate overall (203 per 1000) and the rate for workers employed only in industry (178 per 1000). Conclusions. Working in agriculture for short durations while working in industry increased the risk of injury substantially in both types of work.
The Implementation of a Drilling-and-Completions Advanced Collaborative Environment—Taking Advantage of Change
Authors: Sawaryn S.J.. J. , Goodwin S.. , Deady A.. , Critchley C.. , Swanson B.. 
Published: April 2011

Summary
Advanced collaborative environments (ACEs) were planned as an integral part of the operator's new Aberdeen office. The move in early 2008 coincided with a major business reorganization that prompted a critical reassessment of their scope and functionality. The selected approach is well suited to operations in a mature area. During the pilot project, three ACE implementation types were tested. One of these provided dedicated data feeds and visualization tools within the normal work area, operating only during normal working hours. The other two were (1) an asset-based, on-site, round-the-clock type and (2) an outsourced model, each representing a business-model extreme. The selected configuration was closest to the first of these models, with careful provision for future growth.
The results of the pilot studies supported the business case but suggested that the realization of many of the benefits would hinge on attitudes, behaviors, and working practices. It was concluded that steady growth, based on demand and keeping pace with the changing habits, would give the best return. Detailed plans were created for each of the people, process, technology, environment, and organization components of the operator's ACE model. The new building design and layout has greatly enhanced the overall working environment. Other activities included the upgrading of fiber links, the introduction of an operability laboratory to test the compatibility of data feeds and systems, extensive human-factor studies, contract reassessment, and the introduction of a dedicated ACE support team. By June 2008, seven rigs were being supported simultaneously, including monitoring the progress of a wired-pipe trial in Trinidad. All this has been achieved during a period of outstanding drilling-and-completions (D&Cs) performance. This measured approach has delivered results, helping to win hearts and minds while avoiding overstretching resources. The paper includes details of the pilot project, implementation, and the progress and challenges to date.
Evaluation of a New Environmentally Friendly Chelating Agent for High-Temperature Applications
Authors: Mahmoud M.A.. A. , Nasr-El-Din H.A.. A. , De Wolf C.A.. A. , LePage J.N.. N. , Bemelaar J.H.. H. 
Published: April 2011

Summary
Matrix acidizing is used in carbonate formations to create wormholes that connect the formation to the wellbore. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), organic acids, or mixtures of these acids are typically used in matrix-acidizing treatments of carbonate reservoirs. However, the use of these acids in deep wells has some major drawbacks, including high and uncontrolled reaction rates and corrosion to well tubulars, especially those made of chromium-based tubulars (Cr-13 and duplex steel); and these problems become severe at high temperatures. To overcome problems associated with strong acids, chelating agents were introduced and used in the field. However, major concerns with most of these chemicals are their limited dissolving power and negative environmental impact.
L-glutamic acid diacetic acid (GLDA), a newly developed environmentally friendly chelate, was examined as a replacement for acid treatments in deep oil and gas wells. The solubility of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the new chelate was measured over a wide range of parameters. Coreflood tests were conducted using long Indiana limestone cores 1.5 in. in diameter and 20 in. in length, which allowed better understanding of the propagation of this chemical in carbonate rocks. The cores were X-ray scanned before and after the injection of chelate solutions into the cores. The concentration of calcium (Ca) and chelate was measured in the core effluent samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the fate and propagation of chelating agents in coreflood studies.
GLDA has a very good ability to dissolve Ca from carbonate rocks over a wide pH range by a combination of acid dissolution and chelation. The addition of 5 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) did not affect the GLDA performance at pH = 13 but significantly accelerated the reaction at pH = 1.7. Compared with other chelating agents, GLDA dissolved more Ca than ethanoldiglycinic acid (EDG) but less than hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine triacetic acid (HEDTA) at high pH values. GLDA of pH = 1.7 was able to form wormholes at 2 and 3 cm3/min. GLDA was found to be thermally stable at temperatures up to 350°F.
Robust Well-Test Interpretation by Using Nonlinear Regression With Parameter and Data Transformations
Authors: Dastan Aysegul , Horne Roland N. 
Published: April 2011

Summary
Nonlinear regression is a well-established technique in well-test interpretation. However, this widely used technique is vulnerable to issues commonly observed in real data sets—specifically, sensitivity to noise, parameter uncertainty, and dependence on starting guess. In this paper, we show significant improvements in nonlinear regression by using transformations on the parameter space and the data space. Our techniques improve the accuracy of parameter estimation substantially. The techniques also provide faster convergence, reduced sensitivity to starting guesses, automatic noise reduction, and data compression.
In the first part of the paper, we show, for the first time, that Cartesian parameter transformations are necessary for correct statistical representation of physical systems (e.g., the reservoir). Using true Cartesian parameters enables nonlinear regression to search for the optimal solution homogeneously on the entire parameter space, which results in faster convergence and increases the probability of convergence for a random starting guess. Nonlinear regression using Cartesian parameters also reveals inherent ambiguities in a data set, which may be left concealed when using existing techniques, leading to incorrect conclusions. We proposed suitable Cartesian transform pairs for common reservoir parameters and used a Monte Carlo technique to verify that the transform pairs generate Cartesian parameters.
The second part of the paper discusses nonlinear regression using the wavelet transformation of the data set. The wavelet transformation is a process that can compress and denoise data automatically. We showed that only a few wavelet coefficients are sufficient for an improved performance and direct control of nonlinear regression. By using regression on a reduced wavelet basis rather than the original pressure data points, we achieved improved performance in terms of likelihood of convergence and narrower confidence intervals. The wavelet components in the reduced basis isolate the key contributors to the response and, hence, use only the relevant elements in the pressure-transient signal. We investigated four different wavelet strategies, which differ in the method of choosing a reduced wavelet basis.
Combinations of the techniques discussed in this paper were used to analyze 20 data sets to find the technique or combination of techniques that works best with a particular data set. Using the appropriate combination of our techniques provides very robust and novel interpretation techniques, which will allow for reliable estimation of reservoir parameters using nonlinear regression.
A Robust Method for Calculating Formation Mobility With a Formation Tester
Authors: V E.B. Dussan. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryDetermining formation mobility (permeability/viscosity) with a formation tester dates back to the introduction of the tool in the mid-1950s. Many methods have been developed over the years to calculate a formation mobility from a pressure test. Here, a rigorous method is presented that has several convenient features. It is based on a model that assumes the presence of both tool-storage and formation compressibility and so is appropriate for a fully unsteady flow induced in the formation, but it does not require the determination of either compressibility to determine the mobility. The full impact of the wellbore geometry is included (i.e., it does not assume the "spherical-flow model"). The mobility is determined by a simple, direct calculation of the measured time-dependent pressure, as opposed to methods based upon data regression or solving an inverse problem. On the other hand, this new method shares several of the restrictions common to existing techniques: It assumes that the formation contains a single phase of slightly compressible fluid. The calculated mobility characterizes the formation in the vicinity of the wellbore wall, in which formation damage is most likely to occur.This publication is dedicated to Gérard Catala, a colleague with tremendous insight.
Credit Ratings and Cash-Flow Analysis of Oil and Gas Companies: Competitive Disadvantage in Financing Costs for Smaller Companies in Tight Capital Markets
Authors: Weijermars Ruud 
Published: April 2011

Summary
This article concisely presents the results of a cash-flow analysis and the impact of recent capital-market dynamics on the relative competitive position of bigger [oil majors, public/private-partnership (PPP) oils, and independents] and smaller (unconventionals, small caps, and juniors) oil and gas companies. Upstream energy companies now compete not only for preferred access to the best new hydrocarbon resources but also for credit from capital markets. Although credit ratings of individual companies themselves have mostly remained unaffected by the Great Recession (in 2008–2009), the cost of credit and spread tied to the ratings has climbed steeply for most of them. The annual cash-flow statements of 24 representative companies were analyzed over a 5-year performance period (2004–2008). The companies involved come from all traditional peer groups: juniors (five), small caps (three), unconventionals (three), independents (three), PPP oils (four) and majors (six). Oil companies generate cash from the following two main sources of funds: (1) net cash generated from operations and (2) net cash raised from financing activities. In-depth analysis of the cash-flow metrics for each market capitalization category revealed that the operational income of smaller oil and gas companies commonly is insufficient to fund new capital-expenditure (CAPEX) projects. Such companies must resort to external financing resources (debt and equity financing), as follows from this study. The competition for financial resources has heightened since the onset of the recession, and companies need to be entrepreneurial in their search for capital. The pattern that emerged provides a crisp explanation on what drives asset swaps and acquisitions in times of tight capital. This analysis provides useful insight for oil executives as to the range of options and possible outcomes of finance strategies.
Factor Demand Analysis for Ethanol in the U.S. Refinery Industry
Authors: Chaudhuri Malika , Tonsor Glynn T , Peterson H. Christopher 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Ethanol is increasingly being used as a gasoline oxygenate and a volume extender in the refinery and blender industry in the U.S. This paper estimates refinery and blender factor demand and evaluates price responsiveness of inputs. The study also tests hypotheses regarding existence of structural change in the industry’s demand for inputs. It determines the common shift point and adjustment rate characterizing the transition path of structural change for the set of inputs using gradual switching multivariate regression techniques and maximum likelihood methods. Results suggest structural change in factor demand for inputs in the refinery and blender industry has been initiated in January 2001 at slow adjustment rates. Results also suggest that with the exception of labor and capital, demand responsiveness for inputs to own price changes has decreased over time. The Hicks-Allen cross price elasticity estimates also suggests role-reversal for usage of ethanol in the refinery industry across regimes, with the latter being increasingly used as a substitute than as a complement with time.
The Market Crash and Mass Layoffs: How the Current Economic Crisis May Affect Retirement
Authors: Coile Courtney C , Levine Phillip B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Recent dramatic declines in U.S. stock and housing markets have led to widespread speculation that shrinking retirement accounts and falling home equity will lead workers to delay retirement. Yet the weakness in the labor market and its impact on retirement are often overlooked. If older job seekers have difficulty finding work, they may retire earlier than expected. The net effect of the current economic crisis on retirement is thus far from clear. In this paper, we use 30 years of data from the March Current Population Survey to estimate models relating retirement decisions to fluctuations in equity, housing, and labor markets. We find that workers age 62 to 69 are responsive to the unemployment rate and to long-run fluctuations in stock market returns. Less-educated workers are more sensitive to labor market conditions and more-educated workers are more sensitive to stock market conditions. We find no evidence that workers age 55 to 61 respond to these fluctuations or that workers at any age respond to fluctuating housing markets. On net, we predict that the increase in retirement attributable to the rising unemployment rate will be almost 50 percent larger than the decrease in retirement brought about by the stock market crash.
Ceramic materials made of CdTe and Cd-Zn-Te nanocrystalline powders
Authors: Kolesnikov Nikolai , Borisenko Elena , Borisenko Dmitrii , Gnesin Boris 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
In the present study newly produced semiconductor ceramic nanopowder materials made of CdTe and Cd1−xZnxTe (CZT) are considered. Common features and differences in microstructures, phase transformations, grain growth and properties of the ceramic materials of the binary and ternary compositions are studied.
Metrology of degree of coherence of circularly polarized optical waves
Authors: Zenkova C. , Gorsky M. , Gorodynska N. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe use of the method of field polarization modulation for defining the degree of coherence of circularly polarized waves is offered. The role of the reference circularly polarized wave in transforming the spatial distribution of polarization into the depth of visibility modulation of the resulting distribution, which can be metrologically estimated and analyzed, is demonstrated.