bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor after radiation therapy for craniopharyngioma
Authors: Chan Michael , Herrera Sebastian R. , Neckrysh Sergey , Wallace Adam , Valyi-Nagy Tibor , Charbel Fady T. 
Published: December 2010

The authors report a case of primitive neuroectodermal tumor induced by radiation therapy of craniopharyngioma. This African-American male patient originally presented with craniopharyngioma, for which he underwent resection and whole-brain radiation therapy. Eight years later, at the age of 20 years, he returned with a left facial droop and left hemiparesis. A right basal ganglia mass was identified and resected. Histopathological examination identified the lesion as primitive neuroectodermal tumor.
Although radiation therapy has shown to be beneficial in decreasing the recurrence rate in subtotally resected craniopharyngioma, the risks of radiation treatment should be clearly communicated to the patients, their families, and neurosurgeons before starting such treatment. This report expands the spectrum of reported radiation-induced neoplasms in the CNS.
Association of bacteria with hydrocephalus in Ugandan infants
Authors: Li Lingling , Padhi Abinash , Ranjeva Sylvia L. , Donaldson Sarah C. , Warf Benjamin C. , Mugamba John , Johnson Derek , Opio Zephania , Jayarao Bhushan , Kapur Vivek , Poss Mary , Schiff Steven J. 
Published: December 2010

Object
Infantile hydrocephalus in East Africa is predominantly postinfectious. The microbial origins remain elusive, since most patients present with postinfectious hydrocephalus after antecedent neonatal sepsis (NS) has resolved.

Methods
To characterize this syndrome in Ugandan infants, the authors used polymerase chain reaction targeting bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA from CSF to determine if bacterial residua from recent infections were detectable. Bacteria were identified based on the relationship of genetic sequences obtained with reference bacteria in public databases. The authors evaluated samples from patients presenting during dry and rainy seasons and performed environmental sampling in the villages of patients.

Results
Bacterial DNA was recovered from 94% of patients. Gram-negative bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria were the most commonly detected. Within this phylum, Gammaproteobacteria dominated in patients presenting after infections during the rainy season, and Betaproteobacteria was most common following infections during the dry season. Acinetobacter species were identified in the majority of patients admitted after rainy season infection.

Conclusions
Postinfectious hydrocephalus in Ugandan infants appears associated with predominantly enteric gram-negative bacteria. These findings highlight the need for linking these cases with antecedent NS to develop more effective treatment and prevention strategies.
Encephalocele in Uganda: ethnic distinctions in lesion location, endoscopic management of hydrocephalus, and survival in 110 consecutive children
Authors: Warf Benjamin C. , Stagno Vita , Mugamba John 
Published: December 2010

Object
This study characterizes the first clinical series of encephalocele (EC) from East or Central Africa, and is the largest reported from the African continent. The authors explored survival, the efficacy of primary endoscopic management of associated hydrocephalus, and ethnic differences in EC location.

Methods
One hundred ten consecutive children presented to CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda for treatment of EC over a 9-year period. Clinical data, including patient demographic information, birth date, lesion type (sincipital, parietal, or occipital), operative data, and subsequent course had been entered prospectively into a clinical database. Home visits to update the status of those lost to follow-up were done when possible. With appropriate institutional approvals, the database was reviewed for this retrospective study. Two-tailed probability values calculated using the Fisher exact test were used to assess the significance of differences among groups, with p < 0.05 being considered significant. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for analysis of survival and treatment success probabilities.

Results
There were 53 (48%) occipital, 33 (30%) sincipital, and 24 (22%) parietal lesions. Occipital lesions were significantly more common among children of Bantu origin (p = 0.02). Nilotes demonstrated a roughly equal distribution among sincipital, parietal, and occipital locations. The female/male ratio was 1.2, with no difference between EC types (range 1.0–1.4, p = 0.6–0.8). Of 110 patients, 108 (98%) underwent surgical repair at a median age of 1 month (mean 15.7 months), whereas 2 had treatment for hydrocephalus only. Wound revision was required in 13% of cases. Surgery-related mortality was 3%. One-year and 5-year survival rates were 87% (95% CI 0.79–0.93) and 61% (95% CI 0.51–0.70), respectively. Hydrocephalus required treatment in 32%, and was equally common among the 3 EC types. Thirteen patients were treated with combined endoscopic third ventriculostomy/choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC) and 2 with ETV alone, whereas 18 patients received primary shunt placement. Predicted treatment success at 1 year was 79% for ETV or ETV/CPC (95% CI 0.50–0.94) and 47% for shunt placement (95% CI 0.24–0.71).

Conclusions
Analysis of this first EC series from this region suggests that sincipital lesions are 3 times more common in East than in West Africa. Occipital lesions predominate in patients of Bantu origin, but not among those of Nilotic descent. Hydrocephalus incidence was equally common among different EC types, and endoscopic treatment was more successful (79%) than shunting (47%) at 1 year. The 5-year mortality rate was similar to that for infants with myelomeningocele in Uganda, and more than twice that for their unaffected peers.
Significant phorophyte (substrate) bias is not explained by fitness benefits in three epiphytic orchid species
Authors: Gowland Kelli M. , Wood Jeff , Clements Mark A. , Nicotra Adrienne B. 
Published: December 2010

• Premise: Epiphytes rely on their phorophyte (host substrate) for support; epiphytic orchids also rely on mycorrhizal fungi for germination. Previous studies have proposed a degree of specificity in both interactions. Epiphytic orchids therefore provide an interesting system in which to examine multispecies interactions and the evolution of specialization.• Methods: We examined the potential and actual distributions of three co‐occurring, related epiphytic orchid species: Sarcochilus hillii, Plectorrhiza tridentata, and Sarcochilus parviflorus on phorophytes in Australia's temperate dry rainforests.• Key results: These three small epiphytic orchid species were all biased toward certain woody plant species, in particular, the tree Backhousia myrtifolia, though the extent of specificity varied. Biases toward the most common phorophyte species were not explained by increases in adult orchid fitness, nor did probability of flowering increase on B. myrtifolia. Indeed, individuals on this woody phorophyte tended to have fewer inflorescences than those on other woody phorophytes. Only S. hillii benefited from establishment on B. myrtifolia; it had more leaves on this phorophyte than on others.• Conclusions: In many cases what appear to be simple interactions between two species may be mediated by more complex symbioses. For this system, we propose that the cause for bias in orchid distribution occurs much earlier in an orchid's life and may be due to a bias of their mycorrhizal fungi for the dominant orchid phorophytes.
Microsatellite markers for the Chinese herbaceous peony Paeonia lactiflora (Paeoniaceae)
Authors: Li Lin , Cheng Fang‐yun , Zhang Qi‐xiang 
Published: December 2010

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) primers were developed for the Chinese peony, P. lactiflora, to investigate the diversity within Chinese peony germplasm resources.• Methods and Results: Using an SSR‐enriched genomic library, a set of 10 unique polymorphic genomic SSRs was developed and characterized. The primers amplified 61 alleles in all 10 loci, including di‐, tri‐, and tetranucleotide repeats. The primers were also effective for P. veitchii and P. obovata.• Conclusions: The new primers will be useful for genetic research of the Chinese peony and extend the repertoire of SSR markers available to study the herbaceous taxa in Paeonia.
Advancing the Use and Quality of Peritoneal Dialysis by Developing a Peritoneal Dialysis Satellite Center Program
Authors: Jiang Zongpei , Yu Xueqing 
Published: December 2010

Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is developing rapidly in China, but because there are not enough well-trained PD doctors and nurses in more rural areas, this expansion is occurring mainly in larger cities. To address this imbalance, our center established a PD satellite center program across Guangdong Province, with the aim of extending the use and improving the quality of PD. Methods Sun Yat-sen University PD center is responsible for running the satellite program. The PD satellite centers are selected using specific criteria. The full-time PD physicians and nurses in the satellite centers accept a unified training program and treatment practices, and their clinical outcomes are carefully followed by our center. Results The program began in January 2008, and there are now 12 PD centers from which 26 doctors and 32 nurses received PD training. Several hundred patients are now receiving PD through this program. The total number of PD patients treated by our center and the satellites increased to 1860 from 1010. The number treated in the satellite units increased to 1165 from 601. The annual dropout rate fell to 17.6% from 28.2%, and the average peritonitis incidence fell from 1 episode in 39.4 patient–months to 1 episode in 46.2 patient–months. The 1-year patient and technique survival rates increased to 84.2% from 82.0% and to 93% from 88.7% respectively. Conclusions Our PD satellite center program is a good model for increasing the use and improving the quality of PD in rural areas. We plan to expand this program to other parts of southern China.
Dissociative Conscious Sedation, An Alternative to General Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Implantation: A Randomized Trial Comparing Intravenous and Subcutaneous Ketamine
Authors: Javid Mihan J. , Rahimi Mojgan , Keshvari Amir 
Published: December 2010

Laparoscopy is an effective method of implantation for peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters. Use of the laparoscopic technique is increasing because of its potential advantages over other techniques. In most patients, selection for PD is based on negative criteria, and because of the need for general anesthesia, the laparoscopic technique can be life-threatening in these patients. On the other hand, local anesthesia is insufficient for laparoscopic catheter implantation. To avoid the need for general anesthesia and to achieve patient safety and satisfaction, we designed a type of conscious sedation (dissociative conscious sedation) and compared the efficacy of subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV) ketamine added to narcotics in patients scheduled for laparoscopic implantation of a PD catheter. Methods Our prospective randomized double-blind study enrolled 60 adult patients with chronic renal failure who were scheduled for laparoscopic implantation of a PD catheter. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: one receiving IV ketamine, and the other receiving SC ketamine. In both groups, patients were premedicated with IV midazolam 0.015 mg/kg, fentanyl 1–2 μg/kg, and lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg. Patients then received 0.6 mg/kg ketamine either intravenously (IV group) or by subcutaneous injection at the anterior aspect of the forearm (SC group). If systolic blood pressure (BP) increased more than 20% from baseline or exceeded 170 mmHg, IV nitroglycerine (TNG) 50 μg was administered incrementally (repeated 50-μg doses). After a desirable level of conscious sedation was achieved, local anesthesia and nitrous oxide pneumoperitoneum were applied, and the PD catheter was implanted under laparoscopic guidance. Heart rate and BP were measured throughout the procedure. Adverse effects and recovery events were recorded. Results All patients tolerated the procedure well. Administration of TNG was significantly more frequent in the IV ketamine group. Pain intensity during the surgery was similar in both groups. Both groups were comparable with regard to heart rate, but patients in the SC ketamine group had a significantly lower systolic BP at the 2nd measurement and a lower rate–pressure product at the 2nd, 4th, and 5th measurements. All patients in the SC ketamine group were cooperative during surgery and experienced uneventful recoveries; mild hallucinations were observed in 5 patients in the IV ketamine group. In the IV ketamine group, 3 patients lost the ability to cooperate during surgery. All catheters were successfully placed. Conclusions Dissociative conscious sedation is an acceptable alternative to general anesthesia in laparoscopic implantation of the PD catheter. Ketamine by the SC route is as effective as, but safer than, IV ketamine.
Measurements and Gδ-Subsets of Domains
Authors: Bennett Harold , Lutzer David 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this paper we study domains, Scott domains, and the existence of measurements. We use a space created by D. K. Burke to show that there is a Scott domain P for which max(P) is a Gδ-subset of P and yet no measurement μ on P has ker(μ) = max(P). We also correct a mistake in the literature asserting that [0, ω1) is a space of this type. We show that if P is a Scott domain and X ⊆ max(P) is a Gδ-subset of P, then X has a Gδ-diagonal and is weakly developable. We show that if X ⊆ max(P) is a Gδ-subset of P, where P is a domain but perhaps not a Scott domain, then X is domain-representable, first-countable, and is the union of dense, completely metrizable subspaces. We also show that there is a domain P such that max(P) is the usual space of countable ordinals and is a Gδ-subset of P in the Scott topology. Finally we show that the kernel of a measurement on a Scott domain can consistently be a normal, separable, non-metrizable Moore space.
On the Dichotomy of the Evolution Families: A Discrete-Argument Approach
Authors: Preda Ciprian , Sipos Ciprian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe establish a discrete-time criteria guaranteeing the existence of an exponential dichotomy in the continuous-time behavior of an abstract evolution family. We prove that an evolution family acting on a Banach space X is uniformly exponentially dichotomic (with respect to its continuous-time behavior) if and only if the corresponding difference equation with the inhomogeneous term from a vector-valued Orlicz sequence space lΦ(ℕ, X) admits a solution in the same lΦ(ℕ, X). The technique of proof effectively eliminates the continuity hypothesis on the evolution family (i.e., we do not assume that U( · , s)x or U(t, · )x is continuous on [s, ∞), and respectively [0, t]). Thus, some known results given by Coffman and Schaffer, Perron, and Ta Li are extended.
A Note on Toric Varieties Associated with Moduli Spaces
Authors: Uren James J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this note we give a brief review of the construction of a toric variety coming from a genus g ≥ 2 Riemann surface Σg equipped with a trinion, or pair of pants, decomposition. This was outlined by J. Hurtubise and L. C. Jeffrey. A. Tyurin used this construction on a certain collection of trinion decomposed surfaces to produce a variety DMg , the so-called Delzant model of moduli space, for each genus g. We conclude this note with some basic facts about the moment polytopes of the varieties . In particular, we show that the varieties DMg constructed by Tyurin, and claimed to be smooth, are in fact singular for g ≥ 3.
From the archive: ‘A memory and decision model for eyewitness identification’ by S. E. Clark (2003). Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17, 629–654 with commentary
Authors:   Nominated by Tim Perfect – Associate Editor
Published: January 2011

AbstractI chose this paper because it demonstrates an insightful application of theory to the complex problem of witness decision making. It provides an explicit mathematical model of how people make identifications, and applies it to existing published data sets with apparently discrepant findings. The outcomes challenge how we think about the identifi cation process, how we should interpret variations between studies, and what our applied recommendations about line‐ups should be.
A primatological perspective on death
Authors: Anderson James R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSome questions that arise from observations of responses to dead and dying individuals by nonhuman primates are discussed, focusing on psychological issues. The phenomenon of transport and care of dead infants is reviewed, along with the consequences of the mother dying for orphaned offspring. It is argued that particular attention should be paid to how the context of a death affects individuals, for example, traumatic accidental or predation‐induced death versus peaceful death following illness. Some primates kill others of their own or other species, which raises additional questions about death awareness and empathy. Observations from both the field and captivity can contribute toward a better understanding of the psychological meaning of death for primates. Some aspects of death awareness recognized by developmental psychologists might help guide research efforts in this area. Am. J. Primatol. 73:410–414, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation Between the Distribution of SP and CGRP Immunopositive Neurons in Dorsal Root Ganglia and the Afferent Sensation of Preputial Frenulum
Authors: Wu Zhong‐Min , Chen Yong‐Feng , Qiu Peng‐Nian , Ling Shu‐Cai 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the distribution of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactive nerve terminals in the penis prepuce and the preputial frenulum. The possible correlation between SP‐ and CGRP‐immunopositive neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the afferent sensation of the penile preputial frenulum is also discussed. Immunohistochemistry showed SP‐ and CGRP‐positive nerve terminals in the epidermal basal layer of the prepuce and frenulum in adult human males. The majority of the nerve terminals presented as bundles of different lengths and a few as enlarged nodosities. The density of SP‐ and CGRP‐immunopositive nerve terminals in the preputial frenulum was significantly higher than those in the penis prepuce (P<0.01). Fluoro‐Gold (FG) retrograde tracing method was used to trace the origin of nerve terminals in Sprague‐Dawley rats. SP and CGRP immunofluorescence labeling was employed to detect the distribution of SP‐ and CGRP‐immunoreactive neurons in DRG. FG retro‐labeled neurons were localized in L6‐DRG and S1‐DRG. All the FG/SP and FG/CGRP double‐labeled neurons were medium or small‐sized. One‐third of the FG‐labeled neurons were SP‐immunoreactive, and a half of them CGRP‐immunoreactive in L6‐DRG and S1‐DRG, respectively. The FG/SP/CGRP‐labeled neurons accounted for one fifth of the FG retro‐labeled neurons. Taken together, these data suggest that the SP‐ and CGRP‐immunopositive nerve fibers may participate in the transmission of afferent sensation in the preputial frenulum. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing the role of involvement as a mediator of allocentrist responses to advertising and normative influence
Authors: Wu Couchen , Jang Lieching , Chen Chongi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThere has been increasing discussion of the guiding role of cultural knowledge in the construction of meaning from a stimulus. The present study, conducted in a collectivist culture, explores the role of consumer product involvement in behavioral intention. The research demonstrates that in addition to ego‐focused advertising appeal, the independent variable of subjective norm functions as a predictor of involvement. Both of these independent considerations can activate higher involvement of allocentrists, increasing their trust, affective attitudes, and subsequent purchase intention toward the advertised product.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Electrochemical and Optical Anion Chemosensor Based on Tripodal Tris(ferrocenylurea)
Authors: Li Minrui , Wu Biao , Jia Chuandong , Huang Xiaojuan , Zhao Qilong , Shao Shijun , Yang Xiao‐Juan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA neutral tripodal tris(ferrocenylurea) anion receptor has been designed that can electrochemically and optically recognize sulfate and phosphate anions. The binding of the tetrahedral anion induced distinct cathodic shifts of the ferrocene/ferrocenium redox couple in chloroform, whereas the UV/Vis spectrum of the receptor showed an increase in the d–d transition band upon addition of sulfate ions. Furthermore, the anion complexes (TBA)2⋅[SO4⊂L]⋅H2O (1) and TBA[F⊂L] (2; TBA=tetrabutylammonium ion) were isolated. Crystal structural analyses showed that the receptor in the two 1:1 (host/guest) complexes encapsulated sulfate or fluoride ions in the tripodal cavity through multiple hydrogen bonds. 1H NMR spectroscopic and ESI mass‐spectrometric analysis revealed strong sulfate and fluoride binding in solution.
The Influence of Linker Geometry in Bis(3‐hydroxy‐N‐methyl‐pyridin‐2‐one) Ligands on Solution Phase Uranyl Affinity
Authors: Szigethy Géza , Raymond Kenneth N. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSeven water‐soluble, tetradentate bis(3‐hydroxy‐N‐methyl‐pyridin‐2‐one) (bis‐Me‐3,2‐HOPO) ligands were synthesized that vary only in linker geometry and rigidity. Solution‐phase thermodynamic measurements were conducted between pH 1.6 and pH 9.0 to determine the effects of these variations on proton and uranyl cation affinity. Proton affinity decreases by introduction of the solubilizing triethylene glycol group as compared to unsubstituted reference ligands. Uranyl affinity was found to follow no discernable trends with incremental geometric modification. The butyl‐linked 4 li‐Me‐3,2‐HOPO ligand exhibited the highest uranyl affinity, consistent with prior in vivo decorporation results. Of the rigidly‐linked ligands, the o‐phenylene linker imparted the best uranyl affinity to the bis‐Me‐3,2‐HOPO ligand platform.