bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Horizontal, but not vertical canopy structure is related to stand functional diversity in a subtropical slope forest
Authors: Lang Anne C. , Härdtle Werner , Bruelheide Helge , Kröber Wenzel , Schröter Matthias , von Wehrden Henrik , von Oheimb Goddert 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyse the relation of horizontal and vertical canopy structure to tree functional diversity of a highly diverse subtropical broad‐leaved slope forest, stratified for different successional stages. This is of particular interest because many key ecosystem processes and functions are related to the arrangement of forest canopies. We assessed the effect of stand‐related functional diversity (FDQ, measured as Rao's quadratic entropy of leaf traits), together with other environmental variables on horizontal [measured as relative crown projection areas (CPAr)] and vertical [relative crown overlap, coefficients of variation (CV) of crown positioning variables] structure of the upper canopy at the local neighbourhood level. The analyses with mixed effects models revealed a negative relation (p = 0.025; estimate −0.07) between FDQ and CPAr. No significant effect of FDQ on vertical canopy structure has been found (p > 0.05). The findings are discussed with regard to resource partitioning and niche differentiation of canopy and sub‐canopy species. Successional stage positively impacted the CV of crown length (p = 0.019; estimate 0.03) but did not affect other response variables. The sloping terrain strongly influenced vertical canopy structure as revealed by the significant effect of slope inclination on CV of crown length (p = 0.004; estimate −0.05) and of slope aspect on CV of mean crown height (p = 0.036; estimate −0.03). The high complexity of vertical crown positioning depending on the heterogeneous sloping terrain of the study area may have obscured relations of FDQ to vertical canopy structure.
Analysis on the current and the future Internet structure regarding multi-homed and multi-path routing
Authors: Fujinoki Hiroshi , Hauck Andrew 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
We analyzed how reliability will be improved by adopting inter-domain multi-path and multi-homing routing when the structure in the Internet changes. We identified the properties of the ideal network structure that will maximize the advantage of multi-path and multi-home routing using mathematical analyses. We focused on how each end-to-end path is built, how many multi-paths exist and how each multi-path consists of multi-path and multi-homing segments. Second, we analyzed the trends in the recent changes in how the Internet is structured from the view point of inter-domain multi-path routing. The mathematical analyses suggest that a large number of multi-paths or multi-homing is not necessary to effectively benefit from multi-path routing. However, it will be important to keep the path length short in the segments where multiple paths are not available. The analyses on the recent changes in the Internet structure suggest that multi-path routing will contribute to improvement of reliability in two different ways. For the autonomous systems away from the Internet core, multi-path routing will improve the reliability by going around the busy Internet core, while it will improve the reliability by distributing network traffic load through the Internet core for the autonomous systems close to the core.
Maternal protein restriction in the rat during pregnancy and/or lactation alters cognitive and anxiety behaviors of female offspring
Authors: Reyes‐Castro L.A. , Rodriguez J.S. , Charco R. , Bautista C.J. , Larrea F. , Nathanielsz P.W. , Zambrano E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMaternal protein deficiencies can developmentally program offspring to lifelong dysfunction of many physiological systems. We hypothesized that maternal isocaloric low protein diet during fetal and early postnatal development would negatively affect female offspring anxiety, exploration, associative learning and motivation as measured by the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), operant conditioning and the progressive ratio task, respectively. Control mothers (C) received a 20% casein diet and restricted mothers (R) a 10% casein diet to provide four groups: CC, RR, CR, and RC (first letter pregnancy diet and second lactation diet) to enable evaluation of offspring effects influenced by maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation. Maternal protein restriction decreased open arm time and distance in RR and RC offspring, increased anxiety behavior, in the EPM. In the OFT, the RR and RC offspring displayed decreased exploration (increased stress) as indexed by decreased distance in the center zone. These behaviors in the EPM and OFT was associated with increased corticosterone levels during an immobilization test in the RR offspring with intermediary effects in the RC offspring. Learning impairment was observed in the RR, CR and RC offspring during fixed ratio 5 schedule of reinforcement. Motivational effects were measured in RR offspring responding less, decreased motivation, and CR offspring making more responses, increased motivation, than CC offspring. These findings reveal the negative effects of developmental protein restriction on female offspring behavior. The underlying basis for these negative outcomes remains to be elucidated.
Gur, Ghur, GuhrorBur? The quest for a metalliferous prime matter in early modern times
Authors: ALFONSO-GOLDFARB ANA MARIA , FERRAZ MARCIA H.M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIt has been traditionally held that the idea of a prime matter of metals was abandoned in the eighteenth century, especially after the failure of Hermann Boerhaave to find it in mercury. However, documents tell a different story: the search for the metalliferous principle, in the form of an odd substance known asGur,Guhr,GhurorBur, was very much alive in the 1700s. This was a project that involved Boerhaave himself, as is shown by his correspondence with J.B. Bassand. The first mention of this strange material appears inSarepta, a collection of sermons by the sixteenth-century Bohemian preacher Johannes Mathesius, sometimes mentioned in the specialized literature but rarely studied. This paper discusses the various conceptions of this material held as the prime matter of metals, from Mathesius to the eighteenth century, involving reputed authors such as John Webster, Jan B. van Helmont, Georg E. Stahl and Boerhaave.
High disaccharide intake associates with atherogenic lipoprotein profile
Authors: Sonestedt Emily , Wirfält Elisabet , Wallström Peter , Gullberg Bo , Drake Isabel , Hlebowicz Joanna , Nordin Fredrikson Gunilla , Hedblad Bo , Nilsson Jan , Krauss Ronald M. , Orho-Melander Marju 
Published: October 2011

Increased plasma concentrations of small LDL particles denote an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype (ALP) that is correlated with increased circulating TAG and reduced HDL-cholesterol. Principal component analyses of subfraction concentrations have previously been used in the Swedish population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) cohort to identify three independent components, one pattern representing the ALP. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between macronutrient intakes and the principal component representing the ALP. We examined 4301 healthy subjects (46–68 years old, 60 % women) at baseline in the MDC cohort. Dietary data were collected using a modified diet history method. Plasma lipoprotein subfractions were measured using a high-resolution ion mobility method. The principal component corresponding to the ALP was significantly associated with a higher intake of disaccharides, and inversely related to protein and alcohol consumption (P < 0·001 for all). The present findings indicate that the ALP may be improved by a low intake of disaccharides, and moderate intakes of protein and alcohol.
Regulation of glucose metabolism via hepatic forkhead transcription factor 1 (FoxO1) by Morinda citrifolia (noni) in high-fat diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Nerurkar Pratibha V. , Nishioka Adrienne , Eck Philip O. , Johns Lisa M. , Volper Esther , Nerurkar Vivek R. 
Published: October 2011

Renewed interest in alternative medicine among diabetic individuals prompted us to investigate anti-diabetic effects of Morinda citrifolia (noni) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased glucose production due to the inability of insulin to suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis and promote glycolysis. Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis by modulating transcription factors such as forkhead box O (FoxO1). Based on microarray analysis data, we tested the hypothesis that fermented noni fruit juice (fNJ) improves glucose metabolism via FoxO1 phosphorylation. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a HFD and fNJ for 12 weeks. Body weights and food intake were monitored daily. FoxO1 expression was analysed by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Specificity of fNJ-associated FoxO1 regulation of gluconeogenesis was confirmed by small interfering RNA (siRNA) studies using human hepatoma cells, HepG2. Supplementation with fNJ inhibited weight gain and improved glucose and insulin tolerance and fasting glucose in HFD-fed mice. Hypoglycaemic properties of fNJ were associated with the inhibition of hepatic FoxO1 mRNA expression, with a concomitant increase in FoxO1 phosphorylation and nuclear expulsion of the proteins. Gluconeogenic genes, phosphoenolpyruvate C kinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P), were significantly inhibited in mice fed a HFD+fNJ. HepG2 cells demonstrated more than 80 % inhibition of PEPCK and G6P mRNA expression in cells treated with FoxO1 siRNA and fNJ. These data suggest that fNJ improves glucose metabolism via FoxO1 regulation in HFD-fed mice.
Physiological homogeneity among the endosymbionts of Riftia pachyptila and Tevnia jerichonana revealed by proteogenomics
Authors: Gardebrecht Antje , Markert Stephanie , Sievert Stefan M , Felbeck Horst , Thürmer Andrea , Albrecht Dirk , Wollherr Antje , Kabisch Johannes , Le Bris Nadine , Lehmann Rüdiger , Daniel Rolf , Liesegang Heiko , Hecker Michael , Schweder Thomas 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The two closely related deep-sea tubeworms Riftia pachyptila and Tevnia jerichonana both rely exclusively on a single species of sulfide-oxidizing endosymbiotic bacteria for their nutrition. They do, however, thrive in markedly different geochemical conditions. A detailed proteogenomic comparison of the endosymbionts coupled with an in situ characterization of the geochemical environment was performed to investigate their roles and expression profiles in the two respective hosts. The metagenomes indicated that the endosymbionts are genotypically highly homogeneous. Gene sequences coding for enzymes of selected key metabolic functions were found to be 99.9% identical. On the proteomic level, the symbionts showed very consistent metabolic profiles, despite distinctly different geochemical conditions at the plume level of the respective hosts. Only a few minor variations were observed in the expression of symbiont enzymes involved in sulfur metabolism, carbon fixation and in the response to oxidative stress. Although these changes correspond to the prevailing environmental situation experienced by each host, our data strongly suggest that the two tubeworm species are able to effectively attenuate differences in habitat conditions, and thus to provide their symbionts with similar micro-environments.
Mechanism of anion selectivity and stoichiometry of the Na
+
/I
-
symporter (NIS)
Authors: Paroder-Belenitsky Monika , Maestas Matthew J. , Dohán Orsolya , Nicola Juan Pablo , Reyna-Neyra Andrea , Follenzi Antonia , Dadachova Ekaterina , Eskandari Sepehr , Amzel L. Mario , Carrasco Nancy 
Published: October 2011

I
-
uptake in the thyroid, the first step in thyroid hormone biosynthesis, is mediated by the Na
+
/I
-
symporter (NIS) with an electrogenic 2Na
+
: 1I
-
stoichiometry. We have obtained mechanistic information on NIS by characterizing the congenital I
-
transport defect-causing NIS mutant G93R. This mutant is targeted to the plasma membrane but is inactive. Substitutions at position 93 show that the longer the side chain of the neutral residue at this position, the higher the
K
m
for the anion substrates. Unlike WT NIS, which mediates symport of Na
+
and the environmental pollutant perchlorate electroneutrally, G93T/N/Q/E/D NIS, strikingly, do it electrogenically with a 2∶1 stoichiometry. Furthermore, G93E/Q NIS discriminate between anion substrates, a discovery with potential clinical relevance. A 3D homology model of NIS based on the structure of the bacterial Na
+
/galactose transporter identifies G93 as a critical player in the mechanism of the transporter: the changes from an outwardly to an inwardly open conformation during the transport cycle use G93 as a pivot.
A case of large bladder hemangioma successfully treated with endoscopic yttrium aluminium garnet laser irradiation
Authors: Takemoto Jun , Yamazaki Yuichiro , Sakai Kiyohide 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBladder hemangioma is a rare benign tumor. While partial cystectomy remains an effective treatment option for large bladder hemangioma, the combined method of neodymium : yttrium aluminium garnet and holmium : yttrium aluminium garnet laser irradiation is an effective and less invasive treatment option. We report a case of large bladder hemangioma in an otherwise healthy 4‐year‐old boy, successfully treated with serial endoscopic yttrium aluminium garnet laser irradiation. There was no recurrence, and normal bladder function was preserved. Serial yttrium aluminium garnet laser irradiation is thus a useful, less invasive method for cases of large tumors.
Analyzing the Productive and Protective Dimensions of Welfare: Looking Beyond the OECD
Authors: Hudson John , Kühner Stefan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSeveral theorists have argued that social policy in East Asia can be seen as representing a distinctive welfare ideal type based around ‘productive welfare’. However, we have contested such claims in earlier work (Hudson and Kühner 2009) and, in common with theorists such as Castells, have suggested that some of the welfare states of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) have a distinct bias towards the ‘productive’ rather than ‘protective’ dimensions of welfare. In this article, we build on our earlier work, utilizing fuzzy set ideal type analysis (FSITA) to explore the balance between ‘productive' and ‘protective’ dimensions of welfare state activity. Here we extend our analysis beyond the OECD, incorporating a range of nations on the ‘fringe’ of the OECD from Latin America, East Asia and the non‐OECD parts of Europe. In so doing, we contest simple notions of welfare regimes aligning with regional blocks. Primarily, however, we highlight the advantages of the ‘diversity‐orientated’ approach to data analysis that fuzzy set methods facilitate in comparison with standard quantitative techniques. In particular, we utilize FSITA to avoid data availability and reliability issues that have plagued quantitatively informed classifications of global welfare regimes. Not least, we argue FSITA allows for the contextualization of cases in a way that is sealed to quantitatively driven, comparative research. Thus, we argue FSITA has an important role to play in attempts to extend the inclusiveness of the ‘welfare modelling business’ in a manner that reflects diverse and highly significant cases beyond the Western lens that dominates the literature.
Textbooks and the Living Language1
Authors: Vowles Guy R. 
Published: October 2011

The German Language shows the same freedom in the hands of individuals and is not standardized as is the French, for instance. C. H. Handschin, “The Germans as They Are and Will Be, Modern Language Journal, November, 1934, p. 99 ff.I should like to see others take up the cudgels for clearer, more accurate rules in our beginners' books. After all the recent pother about methods, tests, and statistics, would it not be a welcome relief to turn the spotlight back to some of the fundamental questions in the modern languages we endeavor to teach? John A. Hess, “Rules of Grammar in Beginners' German Books,” Modern Language Journal, January, 1936, p. 221 ff.
Annotated Bibliography of Modern Language Methodology for 1951
Authors: Van Eenenaam Evelyn 
Published: October 2011

There is ample evidence to support the statement that a speaking knowledge of a foreign language is becoming increasingly useful in nearly all occupations and professions …. Foreign language study extends the horizon and fosters desirable attitudes toward other peoples—an outcome which is highly important in our world today.“To gain the popularity it deserves, language study must in my judgment be made more functional. From the elementary school through the college I believe the spoken language should be emphasized, and the many modern teaching methods and devices that have been so successfully employed put to maximum use.”
MLJ Reviews
Authors: BIRCKBICHLER DIANE W. 
Published: October 2011

BRACHER, MARK. Lacan, Discourse, and Social Change: A Psychoanalytic Cultural CriticismCLARK, RAYMOND C. More Index Card Games and Activities for English.Tasks and Language Learning: Integrating Theory & Practice. Ed. G. Crookes & S. M. Gass.HAMMERLY, HECTOR. Fluency and Accuracy.LAZAR, GILLIAN. Literature and Language Teaching: A Guide for Teachers and Trainers.NUNAN, DAVID. Syllabus Design. Ed. Christopher N. Candlin & Henry G. Widdowson.Methods that Work: Ideas for Literacy and Language Teachers.OMAGGIO HADLEY, ALICE. Teaching Language in Context.Building Bridges and Making Connections. Ed. June K. Phillips.STEMPLESKI, SUSAN & BARRY TOMALIN. Video in Action: Recipes for Using Video in Language Teaching.WAJNRYB, RUTH. Classroom Observation Tasks: A Resource Book for Language Teachers and Trainers.COLLINS, VINCE. HyperActive Hiragana.Transparent Language, Standard Master Language Program Package.CHOU, CHIH‐P'ING, JOANNE CHIANG & DER‐LIN CHAO. Advanced Reader of Modern Chinese: China's Own Critics.ARGONDIZZO, CARMEN. Children in Action.MCKAY, IRENE S. Beginning Interactive Grammar.Collins COBUILD English Usage. Ed. John Sinclair.JANTON, PIERRE. Esperanto: Language, Literature, and Community. Ed. Humphrey Tonkin. Trans.CICCONE, ANTHONY A. & MARTINE DARMON MEYER. Télétexte: Perspectives sur la France d'aujourd'hui.EDMISTON, WILLIAM & ANNIE DUMENIL. La France contemporaine.KULICK, KATHERINE M. & FREDERICK L. TONER. Notez bien!: Les contextes de l'écriture.OLLIVIER, JACQUELINE. Grammaire française.ROSENTHAL, ALAN, MARIE DE VERNEIL & CLAUD DUVERLIE. Objectif France: Introduction to French and the Francophone World.SAULAÜN‐GORRELL, ISABELLE. Tete‐à‐tête, conversation, composition, lecture.SISKIN, H. JAY, THOMAS T. FIELD & JULIE A. STORME. Ouvertures: cours intermédiaire de français.STEELE, ROSS & PATRICIA MARECHALROSS. Amicalement: For Basic Functional Writing Proficiency in French.L'Express: Aujourd'hui la France. Ed. Ross Steele & José Pavis.BEILE, WERNER & ALICE BEILE. Alltag in Deutschland.DIELING, HELGA. Phonetik im Fremdsprachenunterricht Deutsch.DOLLENMAYER, DAVID B. & THOMAS S. HANSEN. Neue Horizonte: A First Course in German Language and Culture.FUNK, HERMANN & MICHAEL KOENIG. Grammatik lehren und lernen: Fernstudieneinheit 1.GOETZ, DIETER, GUENTHER HAENSCH & HANS WELLMANN. Langenscheidts Großwörterbuch Deutsch als Fremdsprache.WEST, JONATHAN. Progressive Grammar of German 1: Authentic Texts and Their Structures.ROGERS, MICHAEL C., CLARE YOU & KYUNGNYUN K. RICHARDS. College Korean.LEHMANN, WINFRED P. Historical Linguistics.JARVIS, ANA C., RAQUEL LEBREDO & FRANCISCO MENA‐AYLLON. !Hola, Amigos!KAPLAN, STEVEN M. Wiley's English‐Spanish and Spanish‐English Legal Dictionary. Diccionario Jurídico Inglés‐Español y Español‐Inglés.KIDDLE, MARY ELLEN & BRENDA WEGMANN. Perspectivas.MUJICA, BÁRBARA. Texto y vida: Introducción a la literatura hispanoamericana.VALETTE, REBECCA M. & JOY RENJILIANBURGY. Album.SAMUELESSON‐BROWN, GEOFFREY. A Practical Guide for Translators.EVANS, H. MEURIG. Welsh‐English English‐Welsh Dictionary.
MLJ Reviews
Authors: BIRCKBICHLER DIANE W. 
Published: October 2011

The Dynamics of Language Program Direction. Ed. David P. Benseler.Developing Language Teachers for a Changing World. Ed. Gail Guntermann.GERMAIN, CLAUDE. Evolution de l'Enseignement des Langues: 5000 Ans d'Histoire.MCCARTHY, MICHAEL. Vocabulary.PARROTT, MARTIN. Tasks for Language Teachers: A Resource Book for Training and Development.Managing the Foreign Language Department: A Chairperson's Primer. Ed. Sam L. Slick & Richard B. Klein.SHRUM, JUDITH L. & EILEEN W. GLISAN. Teacher's Handbook: Contextualized Language Instruction.BAKER, COLIN. Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism.JONES, GARY M. & A. CONRAD K. OZOG. Bilingualism and National Development.The Celtic Languages. Ed. Donald Mac Aulay.AVERY, PETER & SUSAN EHRLICH. Teaching American English Pronunciation.New Ways in Teaching Reading. Ed. Richard Day.English as a Second Language: Curriculum Resource Handbook. Ed. Sarah Hudelson.SMITH, LORRAINE C. & NANCYNICI MARE. Concepts for Today.ARIEW, ROBERT & ANNE NERENZ. Par Ici: Echanges intermédiaires.JARAUSCH, HANNELORE & CLARE TUFTS. Sur le vif.MATHY, JEAN‐PHILIPPE ROBERT & ROSEMARY MCCLUSKEY. 750 French Verbs and Their Uses.MORTON, JACQUELINE. English Grammar for Students of French.BUSCHA, JOACHIM, GERTRAUT HEINRICH & IRENE ZOCH. Modalverben.HELBIG, GERHARD & HELGA ALBRECHT. Die Negation.KOEPKE, WUL. Die Deutschen: Vergangenheit und Gegenwart.BEN ZVI, EHUD, MAXINE HANCOCK & RICHARD BEINERT. Readings in Biblical Hebrew: An Intermediate Textbook.Twentieth‐Century Italian Poetry: An Anthology. Ed. John Picchione & Lawrence R. Smith.Japan Study and Teaching Guide. Ed. Paul Abramson.UNGER, MARSHALL J., FRED C. LORISH, MARI NODA & YASUKO WADA. A Framework for Introductory Japanese Language Curricula in American High Schools and Colleges.ECCARDT, THOMAS & OH WONCHUL. Hippocrene Handy Dictionaries: Korean.CAMPBELL, GEORGE. Compendium of the Worlds Languages. Volume I. Abaza to Lusatian. Volume II. Maasai to Zuni.Responsibility and Evidence in Oral Discourse. Ed. Jane H. Hill & Judith T. Irvine.SINCLAIR, JOHN. Corpus, Concordance, Collocation.KRASHEN, STEPHEN. The Power of Reading: Insights from the Research.MCKAY, SANDRA LEE. Agendas for Second Language Literacy.Diversity as Resource. Redefining Cultural Literacy. Ed. Denise E. Murray.Cross‐Cultural Approaches to Literacy. Ed. Brian V. Street.JUSZCAK, ALBER. Mastering Polish.LE FLEMING, SVETLANA & SUSAN E. KAY. Colloquial Russian.Ogonyok. Novyj etap istorii. [Selections from Ogonyok: a Russian Reader.] Ed. Maria Lekich.BATCHELOR, R. E. & C. J. POUNTAIN. Using Spanish. A Guide to Contemporary Usage.CHIRI, ALFREDO. Spanish‐English/English‐Spanish Dictionary of Computer Terms.OLAZAGASTI‐SEGOVIA, ELENA. Sorpresas.WEIR, CYRIL. Understanding & Developing Language Tests.