bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bispectral Index monitoring of palliative sedation for home withdrawal of tracheostomy ventilation: A case report
Authors: Barclay Greg , Barbato Michael , Yerbury Rachel , Harnish Laura , Miranda Nilda 
Published: June 2024

Background: Tracheostomy ventilation in motor neurone disease is an uncommon life-sustaining treatment. Best practice is having a plan for ventilation withdrawal, but the literature to guide practice is limited. Case reports have documented standard doses of opioids and benzodiazepines used for sedation in such cases. Case: A 49-year-old man was diagnosed with motor neurone disease in 2016. He commenced tracheostomy ventilation in 2018. In 2022 and 2023, planning was undertaken, at the patient’s request, for withdrawal of tracheostomy ventilation at home, when he was no longer able to communicate with technology. Case planning: Planning included Bispectral Index monitoring prior to cessation of ventilation, ensuring this only occurred when deep sedation was achieved. After ventilation withdrawal in 2023, a retrospective review of medications given and his level of sedation on monitoring was undertaken, with family consent. Outcome: Ventilation withdrawal was initiated after deep sedation was achieved, 6 h after commencing subcutaneous infusions of morphine, midazolam, clonazepam and phenobarbital. Lessons: Doses required to achieve acceptable sedation exceeded literature reports. Achieving deep sedation was a longer than expected process. Conclusion: More research using an objective measure of sedation is required, as clinical assessment of sedation in this context is compromised.
Effects of Different Administration Cycles of Rhubarb on Fecal Metabolism in Healthy Rats Based on Metabolomics
Authors: Chen Rui , Su Hongmei , Bai Jing , Duan Xueqing , Feng Guo , Tian Weiyi 
Published: June 2024

Background Rhubarb is a common cold-property drug that is commonly used as an effective laxative. It was first recorded in Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic. Purpose The LC-MS/MS metabolomics technology was used in this study to investigate the possible mechanism by which Rhubarb, a common cold property in Traditional Chinese Medicine, acts on healthy rats during different administration cycles. Discussing the effect of bitter-cold Traditional Chinese Medicine on the intestinal tract, not only guides clinical medicine better but also provides a new way to evaluate the efficacy of bitter-cold Chinese medicine objectively. Materials and Methods Six groups of rats ( n = 6) were randomly divided into the following: the control group was fed a basal diet and given pure water; the Rhubarb group was fed a basal diet and was gavaged with Rhubarb (7.5 g/kg per day). The principal component analysis and the orthogonal partial least squares–discriminant analysis method was used to analyse the endogenous differential metabolites, the metabolite differences between rhubarb and the control group were screened, and the metabolic pathways were analysed by MetaboAnalyst. Results Compared with the blank control group, 20, 17, and 8 metabolites were identified in the feces of the Rhubarb group on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days, respectively, which involved linoleic acid metabolism, purine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Conclusion Rhubarb’s pharmacological effects on gastrointestinal regulation, and antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties are closely related to its bitter and cold properties and may be generated through porphyrin, purine, tryptophan, and arachidonic acid metabolism pathways.
A study to quantify knowledge obtained during the British Oncology Pharmacy Association (BOPA) Introduction to Oncology (ITO) Course
Authors: Cracknell Netty , Parbutt Catherine , Wong Clayton , Ganijee Tasneem 
Published: June 2024

Introduction The British Oncology Pharmacy Association (BOPA) Introduction to Oncology (ITO) course has run for over 20 years. The ITO course is provided free of charge to BOPA PAID members, and there was an increase in cost moving to a two-day event in 2023. The BOPA Education and Training (E&T) subcommittee and BOPA Executive Committee wanted to validate that the course was meeting its objective of improving the baseline knowledge of the pharmacists and pharmacy technicians attending, and therefore justifying the increased cost to BOPA and employing organisations. Method During the ITO course in November 2023, quantitative data was collected using a questionnaire-based survey with 5-point Likert scales. This was administered to delegates at the start of each respective day to assess baseline knowledge level. Another survey was administered at the end of each respective day to re-assess knowledge level. Results There is a positive overall change for all sessions. This ranged from a + 0.92 to +1.76 improvement across the board. This was applicable regardless of profession. For all responders the greatest improvement of knowledge was seen in A. ‘Extravasation of SACT’ session (+1.76), ‘Oncological Emergencies’ (+1.51) and ‘The cancer patient pathway’ (+1.51) B. those with less than 6 months experience (+1.54). Conclusion This study has demonstrated that overall the ITO course improved the baseline knowledge of the delegates attending the course (+1.21). The delegates were also more confident in verifying SACT prescriptions after the course.
Development and validation of a quantitative wipe sampling method to determine platinum contamination from antineoplastic drugs on surfaces in workplaces at Swedish hospitals
Authors: Leeman Mats , Wetterling Maria , Kåredal Monica , Hedmer Maria 
Published: June 2024

Introduction Antineoplastic drugs (ADs) are frequently used pharmaceuticals in the healthcare, and healthcare workers can be occupationally exposed to ADs. Monitoring of surface contamination is a common way to assess occupational exposure to ADs. The objective was to develop and validate a sensitive and quantitative monitoring method to determine surface contaminations of Pt as a marker for Pt-containing ADs. The surface contaminations of Pt-containing ADs were monitored at four Swedish hospital workplaces. Methods An analytical method was developed based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The wipe sampling procedure was validated regarding different surface materials. The stability of collected wipe samples was investigated. Workplace surfaces were monitored by wipe sampling to determine contaminations of Pt-containing ADs. Results A wipe sampling and analytical method with a limit of detection of 0.1 pg Pt/cm2 was developed. Pt was detected in 67% of the wipe samples collected from four workplaces, and the concentrations ranged from <0.10 to 21100 pg/cm2. In 4% of samples, the detected surface contaminations of Pt in three hospital wards were above proposed hygienic guidance value (HGV) of Pt. In the hospital pharmacy, 9% of the detected surface contaminations of Pt were above lowest proposed HGV. Conclusions A user-friendly, specific, and sensitive method for determination of surface contaminations of Pt from ADs in work environments was developed and validated. A large variation of contaminations was observed between detected surface contaminations of Pt in samples collected in wards, and it likely reflects differences in amounts handled and work practices between the wards.
Predicting Time to Return to Cannabis Use After a Cessation Attempt: Impact of Cumulated Exposure to Nicotine-Containing Products
Authors: Poliakova Natalia , Shrier Lydia A. , Harris Sion Kim , Bélanger Richard E. 
Published: June 2024

Objective: Cannabis is frequently co-used with tobacco/nicotine products, especially among young adults. Little is known about the effects of this co-use on cannabis cessation outcomes. Within a sample of young adults using cannabis frequently (current use of ≥5 days/week in the past 3 months), this study aimed to (a) document sources of exposure to tobacco/nicotine products, whether used simultaneously with cannabis or on different occasions, (b) examine if the level of cumulated exposure to tobacco/nicotine (self-reported or from biochemical testing) could predict time to cannabis lapse during a cannabis abstinence period, and (c) explore the relationship between nicotine/tobacco exposure and time to cannabis lapse according to tobacco cigarette smoking status. Method: Urine cotinine measures and self-reported data on use of different tobacco/nicotine products, collected from 32 participants (aged 19 to 23), were analyzed to predict time to lapse during a 2-week period of attempted abstinence from cannabis, controlling for cannabis dependence and sex. Results: Half of participants (56.3%) used at least one tobacco/nicotine product. Higher urine cotinine, representing higher cumulated tobacco/nicotine exposure, was related to a higher risk of lapsing (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.64; 95%CI [1.04, 2.58]). The risk of lapsing was even higher ([HR] = 3.46; 95%CI [1.17, 10.25]) among heavily tobacco/nicotine exposed (>600 ng/mL, urine cotinine) participants than among unexposed (<50 ng/mL) or lightly/moderately exposed (50-600 ng/mL) participants. Among those smoking cigarettes (solely or in combination with other products), there was no relation between cotinine level and time to lapse, likely due to a reduced variability in abstinence probability and a high likelihood of lapse observed for higher cotinine levels, mainly achieved by cigarette use. Conclusions: With a rapidly changing landscape of tobacco/nicotine use, our results underscore the need to consider all sources of tobacco/nicotine exposure to fully understand the specific and cumulative contributions of tobacco/nicotine to cannabis cessation outcomes.
Inextricably tied: Nonbinary autistic individuals’ views on how their gender identity and autism are connected
Authors: Voltaire Samuelle , Steinberg Hillary , Garfield Tamara , Chvasta Kyle , Ardeleanu Katherine , Brown Maci , Shea Lindsay 
Published: June 2024

This study explores the experiences and identities of nonbinary autistic people, an under-researched population. While past studies have posited a co-occurrence of autism and transgender identity, little research focuses specifically on nonbinary autistic adults. This community-based study draws on interview data from 44 nonbinary participants. Participants expressed nuanced and informed understandings of their gender identities, highlighting fluidity and a rejection traditional binary gender roles. Participants discussed the connection of their autistic and nonbinary identities and how their identity is shaped by external forces such as politics, community, and interpersonal relationships. Findings highlight the need for the inclusion of nonbinary autistic people in autism research and for autism services and programming to be affirming of various gender identities. Lay abstract This study explores the experiences and identities of nonbinary autistic people. The relationship between autistic and nonbinary identities has not been researched in detail. Few studies focus specifically on nonbinary autistic adults. We interviewed 44 nonbinary individuals for this study. Participants had thought-out opinions on gender identity and emphasized identifying with fluidity rather than traditional gender roles. Participants discussed the connection of their autistic and nonbinary identities and how it affected how people saw them and how they saw themselves. We have recommendations for programming, policy, and research from these findings.
Prediction of the aerodynamic noise of an airfoil via the hybrid methods of aeroacoustics
Authors: Matouk Rabea 
Published: June 2024

The accurate prediction of the trailing-edge noise and the determination of its sources are essential to reduce fans and propellers noise. This noise component is due to the scattering of the turbulent boundary layer into acoustic waves by the trailing edge. In this paper, the noise emanating from a CD (Controlled-Diffusion) airfoil is simulated and computed via the hybrid methods of aeroacoustics. In these methods, the aerodynamic and acoustic fields are computed separately. The flow data are obtained using the in-house LES solver SFELES. ACTRAN acoustic solver has been used to solve the acoustics and to provide the near and far fields propagation via Lighthill’s analogy. Curle’s analogy is applied as well in its integral compact formulation which takes the presence of walls into account. Curle’s formulation is applied proposing an approach where the volume and surface integrals have been implemented in SFELES to be calculated simultaneously with the flow in order to avoid the storage of noise sources which requires a huge space. In Lighthill’s analogy, sources and near field maps show that the turbulent boundary layer and wake are the more efficient sources and the center of radiation is the trailing edge. The comparison of the numerical results with the experimental measurements, performed by Moreau and Roger and Moreau et al. , shows an overall excellent agreement confirming the capability of SFELES (LES sources) combined with ACTRAN (Lighthill’s analogy) to predict correctly the noise generated by turbulent flows around airfoils. The acoustic spectrum presents an overprediction up to 5 dB at the frequencies 300 Hz and 550 Hz and an underprediction about 5 dB at the frequencies 1100 Hz and 1750 Hz. The sound pressure level (SPL) obtained using the proposed approach of Curle’s analogy matches very well the experimental results. Thus, Curle’s analogy can be used to obtain a fast, approximated and acceptable results about the noise radiation of airfoils avoiding the storage of noise sources which requires a huge space and time.
Text mining analysis of scientific literature on digital intraoral scanners in dentistry: Bibliometric analysis
Authors: Saini Ravinder S , Alshadidi Abdulkhaliq Ali F , Rakhra Jaismeen , Aldosari Lujain Ibrahim N , Hassan Saeed Awod Bin , Quadri Syed Altafuddin , Madhav V.N.V , Avetisyan Anna , Heboyan Artak 
Published: June 2024

Objective This study aimed to provide valuable insights into the current research status and gaps in digital intraoral scanner literature in dentistry. Methodology Scopus Search Query TITLE-ABS-KEY (intraoral AND scanners AND (dentistry OR digital AND dentistry)). The search query used in Scopus for the bibliometric analysis was “TITLE-ABS-KEY (intraoral AND scanners AND (dentistry OR digital AND dentistry)).” This query indicates that the analysis focused on documents in which the title, abstract, or keywords contained the terms “intraoral,” “scanners,” and either “dentistry” or “digital dentistry.” Results The analysis covers a timespan from 1998 to 2023 and includes 331 documents sourced from 136 publications. The annual growth rate of research in this field is reported to be 15.9%, indicating a steady increase over time. Among the top sources, the “Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry” and the “Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry” have the highest number of articles, indicating their significance in the field. Some notable authors and their corresponding statistics include WÖSTMANN B, with 15 articles and a fractionalized value of 3.16, and SCHLENZ MA, with 14 articles and a fractionalized value of 2.91. The United States has the highest number of articles, indicating a significant presence in research publications. Germany closely follows this, demonstrating a notable contribution to the scientific community. Conclusions This bibliometric analysis of intraoral scanners used in dentistry provided valuable insights into the current state of research and scholarly publications in this field. This analysis sheds light on the trends, patterns, and advancements in the use of these scanners in dental practice.
Developing an Evidence-Based Ethics Education Program for Surgical Residents in Guatemala
Authors: Aguilera Arévalo Maria Lorena , Martínez Seikavizza Sergio Nicolás , Rodriguez Ery Mario , Siguantay Miguel Angel , Solares Ovalle Jorge Fernando , Talé Rosales Luis Fernando , Barchi Francis 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVEThis study assessed 2 modalities for teaching responsible conduct of research and human subjects protection (RCR/HSP) to surgical residents in Guatemala—an “off the shelf” online curriculum and a new in-person curriculum specific to the local context.METHODSIn 2018, 160 surgical residents in 3 large urban hospitals in Guatemala City completed 2 online programs in RCR/HSP. Residents in the intervention arm also completed 7 weeks of in-person training. Pre- and post-assessments tested awareness of key concepts with particular attention to international and Guatemalan research regulations. Group differences in matched (pre- and post-) mean scores were analyzed using t-tests.RESULTSOne hundred forty residents completed pre- and post-training assessments and were included in the analytic sample. Overall mean scores improved modestly from 52.7 to 58.7 points out of 100. Intervention-arm trainees reported greater confidence in recognizing ethical issues, understanding legal and ethical requirements for research, and identifying, reporting and avoiding scientific misconduct than control-arm trainees.CONCLUSIONGiven the limited availability of RCR/HSP faculty, financial resources, and time in the surgical training schedule, the investigators recommend that academic authorities in Guatemala consider online training programs in RCR/HSP in all surgical residency programs as an affordable and scalable strategy to build ethical research skills in its surgical workforce. Investment in human resources to support in-person ethics education as a way to build self-efficacy in ethical decision-making should be considered.
The utilization of wood samples from xylarium in historical wooden statues: improving the separation accuracy non-destructive measurement for using several algorithms
Authors: Kurata Y. , Horiuchi S. , Kojima M. , Watanabe K. , Iwasa M. , Abe H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere are numerous wooden historical artifacts in Kyoto and other parts of Japan, including Buddhist statues or Shinto deities. The identification of wood species in these historical artifact is desirable for both repair and maintenance purposes. The most common method of identifying wood species involves examining samples taken from the artifacts. However, intentional sampling from old cultural artifacts is prohibited in Japan. As a result, we attempted to determine the wood species of old statues non-destructively using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). In this article, we developed the softwood and hardwood separation model using NIRS to compare the prediction accuracy for few algorithms. The model was created based on wood samples stored in the xylarium of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (TWTw). We then applied this model to old Buddhist statues in order to classify them as either softwood or hardwood. These Buddhist statues were housed in Nazenji temple and are believed to have been carved during the Heian period (8th–12th century). For the near-infrared (NIR) measurements, we collected diffuse reflectance spectra from TWTw sample and Buddhist statues using same spectrometer. Initially, we used the soft independent modeling of class analogy method (SIMCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS_DA), and support vector machine to analyze the NIR spectra obtained from the TWTw wood samples. Subsequently, we applied the NIR spectra obtained from several Buddhist statues in Nazenji temple to the aforementioned separation model and determined whether spectra data were classified as the softwood or hardwood. Finally, wood specimens detached naturally from the Buddhist statues over time were observed under microscopic analysis to identify the wood species. As comparing the prediction accuracy of few algorithms, SIMCA had a poor result, but PLS_DA had a good result. PLS_DA had better discrimination because it performed calculations to improve regression from both explanatory variables and objective variables.
Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis caused by Cladophialophora devriesii: report of a case and literature review
Authors: Krohn Jørgen , Power Øystein A. , Mylvaganam Haima , Askim Andreas J. , Arnes Jarle B. , Blomberg Bjørn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To report a case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by the dematiaceous fungus Cladophialophora devriesii.

Methods
Observational case report and literature review.

Case presentation
A 73-year-old female with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented with a red and painful left eye. Examination revealed anterior segment inflammation and vitritis, indicative of endophthalmitis. She underwent core vitrectomy and intravitreal injection of vancomycin and amphotericin B. The vitreous sample showed inflammatory cells and fungal hyphae, and systemic amphotericin B and itraconazole were commenced for fungal endophthalmitis. Targeted amplification of the sample for bacterial DNA (V2-V3 region of 16 S rDNA) was negative, but fungal DNA targets (ITS1 and ITS2) were present, and their sequences were consistent with Cladophialophora devriesii. Phenotypic characterisation and sequencing of ITS1 and ITS2, carried out on cultured fungus from the sample, also revealed Cladophialophora devriesii. She received repeated intravitreal injections of voriconazole, and based on the antifungal susceptibility results, her systemic medication was changed to posaconazole. After 12 months, the eye showed no signs of inflammation, and posaconazole therapy was discontinued. After 3 months without antifungal medication, the inflammation recurred, and she was restarted on antifungal therapy for an additional 20 months. Another recurrence occurred 3 months after discontinuation of treatment, and a repeat vitreous sample confirmed the presence of Cladophialophora devriesii. She was started on isavuconazole, but developed seclusio pupillae and painful secondary glaucoma. Due to the duration and severity of the infection, the eye was enucleated. Histopathology revealed persistent fungal elements at the ciliary processes and the posterior lens surface.

Conclusions
This second reported case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Cladophialophora devriesii illustrates the role of vitreous sampling and molecular methods in diagnosis and treatment of fungal endophthalmitis. Despite early diagnosis and prolonged local and systemic antifungal therapy, it was not possible to achieve long-term control of the fungal infection.