bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the tympanostomy tube on postoperative retraction of the soft posterior meatal wall caused by habitual sniffing
Authors: Yamamoto‐Fukuda Tomomi , Takasaki Kenji , Takahashi Haruo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the effect of the tympanostomy tube (TT) on postoperative retraction of the soft posterior meatal wall caused by habitual sniffing following ear surgery, including a mastoidectomy and soft‐wall reconstruction of the posterior meatal wall.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:Sixty‐six ears of 64 patients with acquired cholesteatoma who underwent staged ear surgery with a soft‐wall reconstruction method and mastoidectomy were enrolled; 26 out of 66 ears had habitual sniffing (sniffing positive[+]), underwent TT placement (TT positive[+]) during surgery, and were followed up for at least 8 months after surgery. Sixty‐six ears were divided into sniffing+/TT+, sniffing negative(−)/TT+, and sniffing−/TT− groups, and the degree of the retraction was compared among the three groups.Results:The distribution of the grades of the postoperative retraction of the soft posterior meatal wall was almost the same among the three groups (P = .60). Ears with severe retraction were found in 19.2% (5/26), 33.3% (7/21), and 15.8% (3/19) in the sniffing+/TT+ group, sniffing−/TT+ group, and sniffing−/TT− groups, respectively.Conclusions:The TT was found to be effective in preventing the development of postoperative retraction of the reconstructed soft posterior meatal wall and tympanic membrane among cases with habitual sniffing. We would suggest that TT placement is recommended during surgery for cholesteatoma if a patient was found to engage in habitual sniffing. Laryngoscope, 2009
Radiotherapy for cutaneous squamous and basal cell carcinomas of the head and neck
Authors: Mendenhall William M. , Amdur Robert J. , Hinerman Russell W. , Cognetta Armand B. , Mendenhall Nancy P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To discuss the role of radiotherapy (RT) in the treatment of cutaneous squamous and basal cell carcinomas of the head and neck.Methods:Review of the pertinent literature.Results:The likelihood of cure with a good cosmetic outcome is high for patients with early‐stage cancers treated with definitive RT. The probability of local control is higher for previously untreated cancers and is inversely related to tumor size. The likelihood of cure for patients with perineural invasion (PNI) is related to the presence of symptoms and to the radiographic extent of disease. It decreases as the tumor extends centrally towards the central nervous system. Patients with incidental PNI have a local control rate of 80% to 90% compared with about 50% to 55% for those with clinical PNI. The optimal treatment for patients with clinically positive nodes is surgery and postoperative RT. The likelihood of cure for those with positive parotid nodes is approximately 70% to 80%.Conclusions:Definitive RT is useful for treating early‐stage skin cancers where resection would result in a significant cosmetic and/or functional deficit. Postoperative RT is indicated in situations where the probability of residual disease after surgery is high and the chance of successful salvage is modest. Patients with parotid‐area node metastases are optimally treated with surgery and postoperative RT. Laryngoscope, 2009
Phonation threshold pressure estimation using electroglottography in an airflow redirection system
Authors: Rieves Adam L. , Regner Michael F. , Jiang Jack J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The present study proposed to estimate phonation threshold pressure (PTP) noninvasively using airflow redirection into a pneumatic capacitance system.Study Design:Prospective study.Methods:Subjects phonated into the device, which interrupts airflow mechanically and redirects the flow into a pneumatic capacitor. Five interruptions were effected per trial. PTP was estimated as the difference between subglottal pressure (SGP) and transglottal pressure at phonation offset. The novel method was tested for consistency in 20 normal human subjects at low (75 dB) and high (85 dB) sound pressure levels. The device was tested for validity on a tracheotomy patient.Results:Mean SGP was 9.02 ± 3.27 cm H2O, and mean PTP was 3.68 ± 1.41 cm H2O. Intrasubject coefficient of variation, a measure of intrasubject consistency, was 0.33 ± 0.23. Statistically significant differences existed between the means of SGP but not PTP at 75 dB and 85 dB. The correlation coefficient between accepted and experimental SGP in a tracheotomy patient was 0.947 (P < .001).Conclusions:Measurements corresponded well to previously reported values, and intrasubject variability was low, indicating the device was consistent. Testing on a tracheotomy patient demonstrated validity. More research is needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the device in differentiating between normal and pathological voices. This device may have clinical application as a noninvasive and reliable method of estimating PTP and indicating that laryngeal health is likely abnormal. Laryngoscope, 2009
The quality of the surgical field during functional endoscopic sinus surgery—The effect of the mode of ventilation—A randomized, prospective, double‐blind study
Authors: Gilbey Peter , Kukuev Yevgeny , Samet Alvin , Talmon Yoav , Ivry Simon 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The outcome of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) depends on a clean surgical field achieved by minimizing intraoperative bleeding. High frequency jet ventilation (HFJV), due to lower airway pressures, offers the benefit of improved venous return, less bleeding, and improved operating conditions. HFJV was compared to intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) by assessment of surgical conditions and measurement of intraoperative blood loss.Study Design:Prospective, randomized, double‐blind study.Methods:A total of 22 patients undergoing FESS were randomly assigned to be ventilated during surgery under general anesthesia by either HFJV or IPPV. The quality of the surgical field was assessed and the total blood loss was measured.Results:The mean airway pressure was significantly lower in the HFJV group than in the IPPV group (2.42 ± 1.17 and 7.11 ± 0.72, respectively, P < .0001). The total mean loss of blood in the HFJV group was 170 cc and in the IPPV group was 318.18 cc (P = .017). The quality of the surgical field as estimated by the surgeon was significantly better in the HFJV group. The mean point values on the Boezaart et al. scale for the IPPV and HFJV groups were 2.72 ± 0.77 and 1.80 ± 0.686, respectively (P = .012).Conclusions:HFJV significantly reduced the amount of intraoperative bleeding and thus significantly improved the quality of the surgical field. It is suggested that increased venous return due to lower intrathoracic pressures resulted in less bleeding and improved operating conditions. HFJV can be effectively used for FESS in order to improve endoscopic view with no adverse effects. Laryngoscope, 2009
Granulation formation following tracheal stenosis stenting: Influence of stent position
Authors: Ko Po‐Jen , Liu Chien‐Ying , Wu Yi‐Chen , Chao Yin‐Kai , Hsieh Ming‐Ju , Wu Ching‐Yang , Wang Chao‐Jan , Liu Yun‐Hen , Liu Hui‐Ping 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine whether stent‐to‐vocal fold distance influences morbidity following stent placement for tracheal stenosis.Methods:Fifty‐five stent procedures (46 Montgomery T‐tube [Boston Medical Products, Westborough, MA] and 9 Dumon stents [Novatech, Grasse, France]) were performed in 40 patients enrolled in this study.Results:The most common complication of stenting for tracheal stenosis was granulation (23 procedures, 41.82%). Of 43 procedures where the stent upper edge was located at or below the vocal folds, granulation occurred in 21 procedures (48.84%). Of 12 procedures where the stent edge was located above the vocal fold, granulation occurred in two procedures, or 16.67% (odds ratio = 4.773, P = .0458, χ2 test). Among patients in whom the stent edge was located at or below the vocal folds, the granulation complication rate was higher in those with a stent‐to‐vocal fold distance of <10 mm. Multivariate analysis revealed that the stent‐to‐vocal fold distance independently predicted granulation formation; an inverse correlation was identified between stent‐to‐vocal fold distance and granulation severity (n = 43, r = −.501, P = .0006; Spearman ranking test). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis further demonstrated that a stent‐to‐vocal fold distance cutoff value between 9.5 and 11 mm had the best accuracy in predicting granulation formation.Conclusions:A stent‐to‐vocal fold distance of 10 mm was found to be a critical distance for discriminating granulation formation. Optimal stent‐to‐vocal fold distance should routinely be evaluated before stent placement. Laryngoscope, 2009
Relocation pharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Li Hsueh‐Yu , Lee Li‐Ang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To investigate the efficacy of relocation pharyngoplasty as a surgical technique both to enlarge pharyngeal airspace and to decrease pharyngeal collapse in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Study Design:Prospective comparative study performed in a tertiary referred sleep center.Methods:Ten adult male OSA patients (median age of 38 years, median apnea‐hypopnea index [AHI] of 41.6 events/hour, and median body mass index of 25.8 kg/m2) with favorable oropharyngeal structure were enrolled. Principal procedures of the relocation pharyngoplasty include tonsillectomy, removal of supratonsillar mucosa and adipose tissue, splinting the lateral pharyngeal wall by suturing the placating superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle to the anterior pillar, and advancing the soft palate by suturing the posterior pillar flap cephalad laterally to the supratonsillar fossa.Results:No patients experienced swallowing disturbance or change of voice after 3 months postoperatively. The median time for patients to return to normal nourishment was 15 days. Six months after the operation, there were statistically significant improvements in snoring (P = .005) and daytime sleepiness (P = .008). Repeated polysomnography revealed significant improvement in AHI (P = .005) and rapid eye movement period (P = .037). Furthermore, reduction in AHI following relocation pharyngoplasty was found in all patients.Conclusions:In selected patients, relocation pharyngoplasty by advancing the soft palate and splinting the lateral pharyngeal wall obtains significant improvement in subjective snoring and daytime sleepiness, as well as objective adverse sleep respiratory events and sleep architecture, while retaining normal pharyngeal function. Laryngoscope, 2009
Vascularization in Bone Tissue Engineering: Physiology, Current Strategies, Major Hurdles and Future Challenges
Authors: Santos Marina I. , Reis Rui L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe lack of a functional vascular supply has, to a large extent, hampered the whole range of clinical applications of ‘successful’ laboratory‐based bone tissue engineering strategies. To the present, grafts have been dependent on post‐implant vascularization, which jeopardizes graft integration and often leads to its failure. For this reason, the development of strategies that could effectively induce the establishment of a microcirculation in the engineered constructs has become a major goal for the tissue engineering research community. This review addresses the role and importance of the development of a vascular network in bone tissue engineering and provides an overview of the most up to date research efforts to develop such a network.magnified image
Folate‐Conjugated Micelles and Their Folate‐Receptor‐Mediated Endocytosis
Authors: Lu Tiancheng , Sun Jing , Chen Xuexi , Zhang Peibiao , Jing Xiabin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA folate‐conjugated copolymer PEG‐PLA‐PLL/folate was synthesized and mixed with pure PEG‐PLA‐PLL and a fluorescent model drug mFITC to prepare folate‐conjugated micelles. The distribution of micelles was studied on cancer‐cell‐bearing mice via frozen slicing. The results show that mFITC is successfully encapsulated into folate(+) and folate(−)micelles; PEG‐PLA‐PLL micelles the latter can be internalized by both HeLa and CHO cells without selectivity due to their cationic surface charges, while folate(+)micelles exhibit more preferential endocytosis by HeLa cells than by CHO cells. The folate(−)micelles showed retention in both organs and tumors. The folate(+)micelles are a promising active targeting drug delivery system for FR over‐expressing cells and they accumulate in tumor beds.magnified image
Two‐machine flow shop scheduling with common due window to minimize weighted number of early and tardy jobs
Authors: Yeung Wing‐Kwan , Oğuz Ceyda , Cheng Tai‐Chiu Edwin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis article studies two due window scheduling problems to minimize the weighted number of early and tardy jobs in a two‐machine flow shop, where the window size is externally determined. These new scheduling models have many practical applications in real life. However, results on these problems have rarely appeared in the literature because of a lack of structural and optimality properties for solving them. In this article, we derive several dominance properties and theorems, including elimination rules and sequencing rules based on Johnsos order, lower bounds on the penalty, and upper bounds on the window location, which help to significantly trim the search space for the problems. We further show that the problems are NP‐hard in the ordinary sense only. We finally develop efficient pseudopolynomial dynamic programming algorithms for solving the problems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009
Approximation algorithms for general one‐warehouse multi‐retailer systems
Authors: Shen Zuo‐Jun Max , Shu Jia , Simchi‐Levi David , Teo Chung‐Piaw , Zhang Jiawei 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLogistical planning problems are complicated in practice because planners have to deal with the challenges of demand planning and supply replenishment, while taking into account the issues of (i) inventory perishability and storage charges, (ii) management of backlog and/or lost sales, and (iii) cost saving opportunities due to economies of scale in order replenishment and transportation. It is therefore not surprising that many logistical planning problems are computationally difficult, and finding a good solution to these problems necessitates the development of many ad hoc algorithmic procedures to address various features of the planning problems.In this article, we identify simple conditions and structural properties associated with these logistical planning problems in which the warehouse is managed as a cross‐docking facility. Despite the nonlinear cost structures in the problems, we show that a solution that is within ε‐optimality can be obtained by solving a related piece‐wise linear concave cost multi‐commodity network flow problem. An immediate consequence of this result is that certain classes of logistical planning problems can be approximated by a factor of (1 + ε) in polynomial time. This significantly improves upon the results found in literature for these classes of problems. We also show that the piece‐wise linear concave cost network flow problem can be approximated to within a logarithmic factor via a large scale linear programming relaxation. We use polymatroidal constraints to capture the piece‐wise concavity feature of the cost functions. This gives rise to a unified and generic LP‐based approach for a large class of complicated logistical planning problems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009
Kronecker product approximation preconditioners for convection–diffusion model problems
Authors: Xiang Hua , Grigori Laura 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe consider the iterative solution of linear systems arising from four convection–diffusion model problems: scalar convection–diffusion problem, Stokes problem, Oseen problem and Navier–Stokes problem. We design preconditioners for these model problems that are based on Kronecker product approximations (KPAs). For this we first identify explicit Kronecker product structure of the coefficient matrices, in particular for the convection term. For the latter three model cases, the coefficient matrices have a 2 × 2 block structure, where each block is a Kronecker product or a summation of several Kronecker products. We then use this
structure to design a block diagonal preconditioner, a block triangular preconditioner and a constraint preconditioner. Numerical experiments show the efficiency of the three KPA preconditioners, and in particular of the constraint preconditioner that usually outperforms the other two. This can be explained by the relationship that exists between these three preconditioners: the constraint preconditioner can be regarded as a modification of the block triangular preconditioner, which at its turn is a modification of the block diagonal preconditioner based on the cell Reynolds number. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A G space theory and a weakened weak (W2) form for a unified formulation of compatible and incompatible methods: Part I theory
Authors: Liu G. R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper introduces a G space theory and a weakened weak form (W2) using the generalized gradient smoothing technique for a unified formulation of a wide class of compatible and incompatible methods. The W2 formulation works for both finite element method settings and mesh‐free settings, and W2 models can have special properties including softened behavior, upper bounds and ultra accuracy. Part I of this paper focuses on the theory and fundamentals for W2 formulations. A normed G space is first defined to include both continuous and discontinuous functions allowing the use of much more types of methods/techniques to create shape functions for numerical models. Important properties and a set of useful inequalities for G spaces are then proven in the theory and analyzed in detail. These properties ensure that a numerical method developed based on the W2 formulation will be spatially stable and convergent to the exact solutions, as long as the physical problem is well posed. The theory is applicable to any problems to which the standard weak formulation is applicable, and can offer numerical solutions with special properties including ‘close‐to‐exact’ stiffness, upper bounds and ultra accuracy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A G space theory and a weakened weak (W2) form for a unified formulation of compatible and incompatible methods: Part II applications to solid mechanics problems
Authors: Liu G. R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn part I of this paper, we have established the G space theory and fundamentals for W2 formulation. Part II focuses on the applications of the G space theory to formulate W2 models for solid mechanics problems. We first define a bilinear form, prove some of the important properties, and prove that the W2 formulation will be spatially stable, and convergent to exact solutions. We then present examples of some of the possible W2 models including the SFEM, NS‐FEM, ES‐FEM, NS‐PIM, ES‐PIM, and CS‐PIM. We show the major properties of these models: (1) they are variationally consistent in a conventional sense, if the solution is sought in a proper H space (compatible cases); (2) They pass the standard patch test when the solution is sought in a proper G space with discontinuous functions (incompatible cases); (3) the stiffness of the discretized model is reduced compared with the finite element method (FEM) model and possibly to the exact model, allowing us to obtain upper bound solutions with respect to both the FEM and the exact solutions and (4) the W2 models are less sensitive to the quality of the mesh, and triangular meshes can be used without any accuracy problems. These properties and theories have been confirmed numerically via examples solved using a number of W2 models including compatible and incompatible cases. We shall see that the G space theory and the W2 forms can formulate a variety of stable and convergent numerical methods with the FEM as one special case. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occupational therapists use of cognitive interventions for clients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Robert Alexandra , Gélinas Isabelle , Mazer Barbara 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to establish a profile of occupational therapy practice for cognitive interventions for clients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in an urban setting. Seventy‐four occupational therapists working with older adults with AD in diverse settings in the city of Montreal were randomly selected and were sent a self‐administered questionnaire by mail. Sixty‐five (87.8%) therapists responded. Findings indicated that 52.3% of occupational therapists are performing cognitive interventions with persons with AD. Of those, 82.4% report using cognitive rehabilitation, 61.8% using cognitive stimulation and 50.0% using cognitive training. Intervention use varied across settings and differed according to severity of AD. The sessions are usually provided individually and often include the client's caregiver. Generalizability of the results is limited to urban areas, and possible differences in service provision should be taken into consideration. Further research is needed to measure the effectiveness of these interventions provided by occupational therapists and to compare occupational therapy practices in urban and rural areas. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Citrulline as a marker for chemotherapy induced mucosal barrier injury in pediatric patients
Authors: van Vliet Michel J. , Tissing Wim J.E. , Rings Edmond H.H.M. , Koetse Harma A. , Stellaard Frans , Kamps Willem A. , de Bont Eveline S.J.M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe currently used National Cancer Institute (NCI) adverse events criteria for mucosal barrier injury (MBI) are insufficient for use in children. We searched for objective, easily measurable indicators for MBI in children with cancer.PurposeIn children with acute myeloid leukemia, various MBI‐related clinical and laboratory tests were investigated, reflecting clinical severity (NCI symptomatic adverse events criteria (gold standard), daily gut score (DGS)), inflammation (plasma and fecal interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), fecal calprotectin), enterocytic loss (plasma citrulline, ratio fecal human DNA/total DNA) and intestinal permeability (sugar absorption tests).ResultsIntestinal MBI as detected by the NCI adverse events criteria was found in 55% of chemotherapy cycles, correlating well with the continuous DGS (n = 55, rho = 0.581; P < 0.001). Intestinal cell loss as measured by the ratio fecal human DNA/total DNA and plasma citrulline correlated well with both NCI criteria (n = 61, rho = 0.357, P = 0.005 resp. n = 58, rho = −0.482; P < 0.001) and DGS (n = 54, rho = 0.352, P = 0.009 resp. n = 55, rho = −0.625; P < 0.001). Plasma IL‐8 correlated strongly to plasma citrulline (n = 46, rho = −0.627; P < 0.001).ConclusionsMBI was reflected by parameters indicating inflammation (IL‐8) and cell loss (plasma citrulline, ratio fecal human DNA/total DNA). We conclude that plasma citrulline might be a good parameter for MBI. Further studies are needed to show whether plasma citrulline can be used as a marker for MBI in future research. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:1188–1194. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.