bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy with imaging examination for early osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a systematic review
Authors: Tan Han , Tang Peiyuan , Chai Hua , Ma Wenbo , Cao Yangbin , Lin Bin , Zhu Ying , Xiao Wenfeng , Wen Ting , Li Yusheng 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is a traditional noninvasive therapy to treat osteonecrosis of the femur head (ONFH). This systematic review aims to investigate whether ESWT can improve the clinical function of ONFH and whether differences in improvement can be observed in radiographic outcomes.

Materials and methods:
Two authors independently searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for English articles until 21 October 2023. After screening and reading the literature, the two authors independently used corresponding scales to evaluate the quality of the included articles and extracted data. The key data extracted included the Harris Hip Score (HHS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), changes in lesion size, the change in the Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage, and bone marrow edema (BME) stage.

Results:
Nine articles included 468 males and 248 females. The average age was 43.29 years and the mean follow-up time was 15.19 months. After receiving ESWT, five studies involving 146 hips showed a higher HHS (MD=−33.38; 95% CI: −46.31, −20.45), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.00001). The average VAS before treatment was above 5, but it dropped to 1.2 after ESWT (MD=4.64; 95% CI: 3.63–5.64), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.00001). Three studies found no significant differences in the areas of femoral head necrosis before and after treatment with ESWT(MD=9.66; 95% CI: −0.36, 19.67; P=0.06; I
2=84%). Two articles showed that the use of ESWT had no significant effect on the change in the ARCO stage (MD=1.11; 95% CI: 0.76–1.62; P=0.60; I
2=0%). Three studies indicated that using ESWT could improve the BME symptom in the early stage of ONFH (MD=4.35; 95% CI: 1.32–14.37; P=0.02; I
2=62%).

Conclusion:
Based on the current evidence, ESWT shows promise as a therapy to enhance hip function and alleviate pain in the early stage of ONFH. With the advancement of more precise imaging techniques, ESWT can potentially reduce the area affected by ONFH. However, such reduction was not found to be statistically significant at the imaging level. Additionally, ESWT could improve symptoms of BME in the early stage. However, no significant change in ARCO grade was observed with ESWT treatment.
The role of gut microbiota augmentation in managing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an in-depth umbrella review of meta-analyses with grade assessment
Authors: Maddineni Gautam , Obulareddy Sri J. , Paladiya Ruchir D. , Korsapati Rohan R. , Jain Shika , Jeanty Herby , Vikash Fnu , Tummala Nayanika C. , Shetty Samatha , Ghazalgoo Arezoo , Mahapatro Abinash , Polana Viswanadh , Patel Dhruvan 
Published: June 2024

Background and aim:
Currently, there are no authorized medications specifically for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment. Studies indicate that changes in gut microbiota can disturb intestinal balance and impair the immune system and metabolism, thereby elevating the risk of developing and exacerbating NAFLD. Despite some debate, the potential benefits of microbial therapies in managing NAFLD have been shown.

Methods:
A systematic search was undertaken to identify meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials that explored the effects of microbial therapy on the NAFLD population. The goal was to synthesize the existing evidence-based knowledge in this field.

Results:
The results revealed that probiotics played a significant role in various aspects, including a reduction in liver stiffness (MD: −0.38, 95% CI: [−0.49, −0.26]), hepatic steatosis (OR: 4.87, 95% CI: [1.85, 12.79]), decrease in body mass index (MD: −1.46, 95% CI: [−2.43, −0.48]), diminished waist circumference (MD: −1.81, 95% CI: [−3.18, −0.43]), lowered alanine aminotransferase levels (MD: −13.40, 95% CI: [−17.02, −9.77]), decreased aspartate aminotransferase levels (MD: −13.54, 95% CI: [−17.85, −9.22]), lowered total cholesterol levels (MD: −15.38, 95% CI: [−26.49, −4.26]), decreased fasting plasma glucose levels (MD: −4.98, 95% CI: [−9.94, −0.01]), reduced fasting insulin (MD: −1.32, 95% CI: [−2.42, −0.21]), and a decline in homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (MD: −0.42, 95% CI: [−0.72, −0.11]) (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
Overall, the results demonstrated that gut microbiota interventions could ameliorate a wide range of indicators including glycemic profile, dyslipidemia, anthropometric indices, and liver injury, allowing them to be considered a promising treatment strategy.
Three-Dimensional Anthropometric Facial Analysis and Fitting Discrepancies Between Stereophotogrammetry and CT
Authors: Han Wenqing , Yan Yingjie , Nemani Sriya , Sun Mengzhe , Kim Byeong Seop , Zhang Yan , Zhu Ming , Chai Gang 
Published: June 2024

Background
The reliability and repeatability of stereophotogrammetry and CT in 3-dimensional anthropometric facial analysis were investigated in this study, which also explored the clinical application of supine CT.

Method
In this study, 3D CT and 3dMD stereophotogrammetry were used on 20 healthy volunteers. The fitting distance between stereophotogrammetry and CT scans at landmark points was measured, along with facial feature measurements (Al-Al) face width (Go-Go, Zy-Zy, Ex-Ex), and hemi-face height (Sn-Gn). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was employed to assess interrater agreement and to verify the reliability of the measurement methods. Paired t-analysis was utilized for analyzing intramethod displacement.

Results
The alare, nasion, and pronasale points were found to be minimally influenced by different positions and are more recommended as landmark points for registration. CT demonstrated good interrater reliability on all indicators. In stereophotogrammetry, measurements for Go-Go and Zy-Zy displayed an interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of less than 0.75. Significant differences between the 2 methods were observed for En-En, Ex-Ex, and Go-Go (P < 0.05). Specifically, CT analysis for Go-Go showed a measurement 2.34 mm larger than that obtained with the 3dMD method.

Conclusion
Both CT and stereophotogrammetry were found to be reliable methods for evaluating facial soft tissue. It is speculated that Go-Go measurement is primarily influenced by factors such as different positions, facial expressions, and gravity. These variables should be carefully considered during the evaluation of the mandibular angle region.
An algorithm for computing scattering poles based on dual characterization to interior eigenvalues
Authors: Cakoni Fioralba , Haddar Houssem , Zilberberg Dana 
Published: June 2024

We present an algorithm for the computation of scattering poles for an impenetrable obstacle with Dirichlet or Robin boundary conditions in acoustic scattering. This paper builds upon the previous work of Cakoni et al. (2020) titled ‘A duality between scattering poles and transmission eigenvalues in scattering theory’ (Cakoniet al. 2020 Proc. A.476, 20200612 (doi:10.1098/rspa.2020.0612)), where the authors developed a conceptually unified approach for characterizing the scattering poles and interior eigenvalues corresponding to a scattering problem. This approach views scattering poles as dual to interior eigenvalues by interchanging the roles of incident and scattered fields. In this framework, both sets are linked to the kernel of the relative scattering operator that maps incident fields to scattered fields. This mapping corresponds to the exterior scattering problem for the interior eigenvalues and the interior scattering problem for scattering poles. Leveraging this dual characterization and inspired by the generalized linear sampling method for computing the interior eigenvalues, we present a novel numerical algorithm for computing scattering poles without relying on an iterative scheme. Preliminary numerical examples showcase the effectiveness of this computational approach.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Non-Adherence to Antihypertensive Medication in Peru
Authors: Intimayta-Escalante Claudio , Quintana-García Lynn A. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn Peru, adherence to antihypertensive treatment ranges from 55.5% to 46.6%. Adherence decreases under adverse socioeconomic conditions. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the socioeconomic inequalities in non-adherence to antihypertensive medication in Peru.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted through the analysis of data from the Demographic and Family Health Survey carried out in Peru between 2013 and 2023. We addressed the socioeconomic conditions of hypertensive Peruvian adults, including sex, age group, educational level, area or place of residence, and health insurance. These conditions were evaluated as sources of inequality in non-adherence to antihypertensive medication at a general level using the Concentration Index (CI) or Erreygers’ Correction Index (ECI) among adults over 29 years of age.ResultsIn the 15,624 hypertensive adults over 29 years old included in the study, the 86.63% had adherence to their antihypertensive medication. However, the inequality in non-adherence to medication was considerable (CI: -0.259; 95%CI: -0.385 to -0.132; p¡0.001). This inequality was greater among those aged 30 to 49 years (CI: -0.064; 95%CI: -0.121 to -0.008; p=0.01-0.2), those living in rural areas (CI: -0.484; 95%CI: -0.537 to -0.430; p¡0.001) or outside the capital (CI: -0.495; 95%CI: -0.569 to -0.422; p¡0.001), and those with no education (CI: -0.156; 95%CI: -0.201 to -0.112; p¡0.001) or only primary education (CI: -0.323; 95%CI: -0.386 to -0.260; p¡0.001). In contrast, hypertensive adults with a university education had a positive CI (CI: 0.257; 95%CI: 0.199 to 0.316; p¡0.001).ConclussionHypertensive Peruvian adults residing in rural areas or outside the capital, and those with a low educational level, exhibited greater inequality in adherence to antihypertensive medication.
VRoot: An XR-Based Application for Manual Root System Architecture Reconstruction
Authors: Baker Dirk N. , Selzner Tobias , Göbbert Jens Henrik , Scharr Hanno , Riedel Morris , Hvannberg Ebba Þóra , Schnepf Andrea , Zielasko Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article describes an immersive extended reality reconstruction tool for root system architectures from 3D volumetric scans of soil columns. We have conducted a laboratory user study to assess the performance of new users with our software in comparison to classical and established desktop software. We utilize a functional-structural plant model to derive a synthetic root architecture that serves as objective quantification for the root system architecture reconstruction. Additionally, we have collected quantitative feedback on our software in the form of standardized questionnaires. This work provides an overview of the extended reality software and the advantage of using immersive techniques for 3D data extraction in plant science. Through our formal study, we further provide a quantification of manual root system reconstruction accuracy. We observe an increase in root system architecture reconstruction accuracy (F1) compared to state-of-the-art desktop software and a more robust extraction quality.
Designing symmetrical multi-component proteins using a hybrid generative AI approach
Authors: Dessaux Delphine , Buchet Samuel , Barthe Lucie , Defresne Marianne , Cioci Gianluca , de Givry Simon , Garcia-Alles Luis F. , Schiex Thomas , Barbe Sophie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProteins, the fundamental building blocks of biological function, orchestrate complex cellular processes by assembling into intricate structures through meticulous interactions. The design of specific protein-protein interfaces to create customized protein assemblies holds immense potential for various biotechnological applications. To address the current limitations in designing heteromeric interactions for multi-component assemblies, we developed a hybrid generative AI design approach. This method combines deep learning and automated reasoning, explicitly considering both positive and negative interaction states to favor heteromeric desired over undesired interactions. The approach leverages Effie, a deep-learned pairwise decomposable scoring function, and an advanced reasoning tool extended for multicriteria optimization of this function. Here, we tested the ability of this hybrid AI method to redesign homomeric interfaces of bacterial microcompartment components (BMC-H) into heteromeric assemblies. We benchmarked its performance against ProteinMPNN, a sequence design autoregressive model. Our in silico assessment, complemented by experimental validation, highlights the outperformance of the hybrid AI generative design approach, and its potential to unlock the engineering of complex multi-component self-assembling protein entities.
Genome-wide epitope identification with single-amino-acid resolution via high-throughput and unbiased peptide analysis
Authors: Matsumoto Katsuhiko , Harada Shoko Y. , Yoshida Shota Y. , Narumi Ryohei , Mitani Tomoki T. , Yada Saori , Sato Aya , Morii Eiichi , Shimizu Yoshihiro , Ueda Hiroki R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAntibodies are extensively used in biomedical research, clinical fields, and disease treatment. However, to enhance the reproducibility and reliability of antibody-based experiments, it is crucial to have a detailed understanding of the antibody’s target specificity and epitope. In this study, we developed a high-throughput and precise epitope analysis method, DECODE (Decoding Epitope Composition by Optimized-mRNA-display, Data analysis, and Expression sequencing). This method allowed identifying patterns of epitopes recognized by monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies at single amino acid resolution and predicted cross-reactivity against the entire protein database. By applying the obtained epitope information, it has become possible to develop a new 3D immunostaining method that increases the penetration of antibodies deep into tissues. Furthermore, to demonstrated the applicability of DECODE to more complex blood antibodies, we performed epitope analysis using serum antibodies from mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). As a result, we were able to successfully identify an epitope that matched the sequence of the peptide inducing the disease model without relying on existing antigen information. These results demonstrate that DECODE can provide high-quality epitope information, improve the reproducibility of antibody-dependent experiments, diagnostics and therapeutics, and contribute to discover pathogenic epitopes from antibodies in the blood.
Brochosomes as an antireflective camouflage coating for leafhoppers
Authors: Wu Wei , Mao Qianzhuo , Ye Zhuangxin , Liao Zhenfeng , Shan Hong-Wei , Li Jun-Min , Zhang Chuan-Xi , Chen Jian-Ping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn nature, insects face immense predation pressure, where visual cues play a vital role in predators locating them. To counter this threat, insects employ a variety of nano- and microstructures on their cuticular layer to manipulate and interact with light, enhancing anti-reflective properties and providing camouflage or reducing detectability by predators. Leafhoppers have a unique extra-cuticular coating called brochosome, yet its anti-reflective functions and protein composition remain unclear. Our study demonstrates strong anti-reflective properties of brochosomes, effectively reducing reflectance on the cuticle surface, especially in the ultraviolet spectrum, to improve evasion from visual predators. Furthermore, we identify four novel structural proteins of the brochosome (BSM) for the first time. Inhibiting their synthesis by RNAi alters brochosome morphology, impacting the optical properties of the cuticle surface. Evolutionary origin analysis of BSM suggests that brochosomes likely originated from a process involving duplication–divergence. Our study reveals that leafhoppers employ a unique camouflage strategy by secreting brochosomes as anti-reflection nano-coatings, enabling them to evade natural predators and contributing to their evolutionary success.
Adult-type diffuse gliomas share recurring cell states driven by a common astrocyte-like glioma stem cell population
Authors: Muskovic Walter , Zaman Ashraf , Pandya Madhavi , Holton Emily , Chan Chia-Ling , McCloy Rachael A , Arora Himanshi , Chin Venessa T , Powell Joseph E 
Published: June 2024

SummaryAdult-type diffuse gliomas are a family of aggressive brain tumours with few effective treatments. Their complex cellular makeup adds to the challenge of finding successful therapies. This intratumoural heterogeneity is fuelled by a subpopulation of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) that drive tumour growth and resistance to standard treatments. Previous research focused on the three glioma types (astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma) individually revealed malignant cells mimic the transcriptional profiles of normal brain cell types. Whether these diverse cellular states stem from a shared biological origin is unknown. Here, we show through single-cell RNA sequencing of 40 glioma tumours that all gliomas are described by seven recurring cell states. We also identify a shared astrocyte-like GSC population. Our unique method of identifying GSCs, based on reconstructed tumour phylogenies, repositions astrocyte-like cells at the apex of a differentiation hierarchy in glioma. Our findings indicate the transcriptional heterogeneity observed in gliomas stems from a GSC population recapitulating lineages of healthy adult neural stem cells. These results suggest a shared lineage drives the intratumoural heterogeneity observed in adult-type diffuse gliomas. We anticipate that a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms maintaining the GSC state will provide a new framework for future therapeutic development and research into glioma cell biology.HighlightsRecurring cell states are shared across adult-type diffuse gliomasReconstructed tumour phylogenies identify an astrocyte-like glioma stem cell populationTumour subclones are segregated non-randomly across cell states
L-Dopa-induced changes in aperiodic bursts dynamics relate to individual clinical improvement in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Agouram Hasnae , Neri Matteo , Angiolelli Marianna , Depannemaecker Damien , Bahuguna Jyotika , Schwey Antoine , Régis Jean , Carron Romain , Eusebio Alexandre , Malfait Nicole , Daucé Emmanuel , Sorrentino Pierpaolo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease primarily characterized by severe motor symptoms that can be transiently relieved by medication (e.g. levodopa). These symptoms are mirrored by widespread alterations of neuronal activities across the whole brain, whose characteristics at the large scale level are still poorly understood. To address this issue, we measured resting state activities of 11 PD patients using DBS contacts in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and EEG electrodes over motor areas. Data were recorded for each patient before (OFF-condition) and after (ON-condition) levodopa administration. Neuronal avalanches, i.e. brief bursts of activity with widespread propagation, were detected and quantified on both types of contacts, and used to characterize differences in both conditions. Of particular interest, we noted a larger number of shorter and smaller avalanches in the OFF-condition, and a lesser number of wider and longer avalanches in the ON-condition. This difference turned out to be statistically significant at the group level. Then, we computed the avalanche transition matrices (ATM) to track the contact-wise patterns of avalanche spread. We observed a higher probability that an avalanche would spread within and between STN and motor cortex in the ON-state, with highly significant differences at the group level. Furthermore, we discovered that the increase in overall propagation of avalanches was correlated to clinical improvement after levodopa administration. Our study offers the initial cross-modality assessment of aperiodic activities in PD patients, including levodopa’s effects on cross-regional aperiodic bursts at the individual level, suggesting potential biomarkers for PD electrophysiological alterations.Significance StatementOur research focuses on levodopa’s effects on large-scale dynamics in PD using a novel approach involving aperiodic bursts (i.e., neuronal avalanches). To achieve this, we measured resting-state activities of 11 PD patients using DBS contacts in the STN and EEG electrodes placed bilaterally over the motor areas, both before and after levodopa administration. Unlike most studies on beta frequency (13–30 Hz) activities, we examined dynamics through aperiodic bursts across temporal and spatial scales. Instead of focusing on global properties, we tracked the spatial spread of neuronal avalanches across the brain. Our study provides the first assessment of levodopa’s effects on cross-regional aperiodic bursts within and between the STN and motor cortex, and suggests potential electrophysiological biomarkers for PD.
Serum protein and imaging biomarkers after intermittent steroid treatment in muscular dystrophy
Authors: Willis Alexander B. , Zelikovich Aaron S. , Sufit Robert , Ajroud-Driss Senda , Vandenborne Krista , Demonbreun Alexis R. , Batra Abhinandan , Walter Glenn A. , McNally Elizabeth M. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWeekly Steroids in Muscular Dystrophy (WSiMD) was a pilot study to evaluate once weekly prednisone in patients with Limb Girdle and Becker muscular dystrophy (LGMD and BMD, respectively). At study endpoint, there were trends towards increased lean mass, reduced fat mass, reduced creatine kinase and improved motor function. The investigation was motivated by studies in mouse muscular dystrophy models in which once weekly glucocorticoid exposure enhanced muscle strength and reduced fibrosis.MethodsWSiMD participants provided blood samples for aptamer serum profiling at baseline and after 6 months of weekly steroids. A subset completed magnetic resonance (MR) evaluation of muscle at study onset and endpoint.Results/ConclusionsAt baseline compared to age and sex-matched healthy controls, the aggregate serum protein profile in the WSiMD cohort was dominated by muscle proteins, reflecting leak of muscle proteins into serum. Disease status produced more proteins differentially present in serum compared to steroid-treatment effect. Nonetheless, a response to prednisone was discernable in the WSiMD cohort, even at this low dose. Glucocorticoids downregulated muscle proteins and upregulated certain immune process- and matrix-associated proteins. Muscle MR fat fraction showed trends with functional status. The prednisone-responsive markers could be used in larger trial of prednisone efficacy.