bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal adaptation of Arctic charr: experimental studies of growth in eleven charr populations from Sweden, Norway and Britain
Authors: LARSSON S. , FORSETH T. , BERGLUND I. , JENSEN A. J. , NÄSLUND I. , ELLIOTT J. M. , JONSSON B. 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. Experimental growth data for Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinusL.), all fed on excess rations, from 11 European watercourses between 54 and 70°N were analysed and fitted to a new general growth model for fish. The model was validated by comparing its predictions with the growth rate of charr in the wild.2. Growth performance varied among populations, mainly because of variation in the maximum growth potential, whereas the thermal response curves were similar. The estimated lower and upper temperatures for growth varied between −1.7 to 5.3 and 20.8–23.2 °C, respectively, while maximum growth occurred between 14.4 and 17.2 °C.3. There was no geographical or climatic trend in growth performance among populations and therefore no indication of thermal adaptation. The growth potential of charr from different populations correlated positively with fish body length at maturity and maximum weight in the wild. Charr from populations including large piscivorous fish had higher growth rates under standardised conditions than those from populations feeding on zoobenthos or zooplankton. Therefore, the adaptive variation in growth potential was related to life‐history characteristics and diet, rather than to thermal conditions.
Tangled webs: reciprocal flows of invertebrate prey link streams and riparian zones
Authors: BAXTER COLDEN V. , FAUSCH KURT D. , CARL SAUNDERS W. 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. Streams and their adjacent riparian zones are closely linked by reciprocal flows of invertebrate prey. We review characteristics of these prey subsidies and their strong direct and indirect effects on consumers and recipient food webs.2. Fluxes of terrestrial invertebrates to streams can provide up to half the annual energy budget for drift‐feeding fishes such as salmonids, despite the fact that input occurs principally in summer. Inputs appear highest from closed‐canopy riparian zones with deciduous vegetation and vary markedly with invertebrate phenology and weather. Two field experiments that manipulated this prey subsidy showed that it affected both foraging and local abundance of stream fishes.3. Emergence of adult insects from streams can constitute a substantial export of benthic production to riparian consumers such as birds, bats, lizards, and spiders, and contributes 25–100% of the energy or carbon to such species. Emergence typically peaks in early summer in the temperate zone, but also provides a low‐level flux from autumn to spring in ice‐free streams. This flux varies with in‐stream productivity, and declines exponentially with distance from the stream edge. Some predators aggregate near streams and forage on these prey during periods of peak emergence, whereas others rely on the lower subsidy from autumn through spring when terrestrial prey are scarce. Several field experiments that manipulated this subsidy showed that it affected the short‐term behaviour, growth, and abundance of terrestrial consumers.4. Reciprocal prey subsidies also have important indirect effects on both stream and riparian food webs. Theory predicts that allochthonous prey should increase density of subsidised predators, thereby increasing predation on in situ prey and causing a negative indirect effect via apparent competition. However, short‐term experiments have produced either positive or negative indirect effects. These contrasting results may be due to characteristics of the subsidies and individual consumers, but could also result from differences in experimental designs.5. New study approaches are needed to better determine the direct and indirect effects of reciprocal prey subsidies. Experiments coupled with comparative research will be required to measure their effects on individual consumer fitness and population demographics. Future work should investigate whether reciprocal prey fluxes stabilise linked stream–riparian ecosystems, explore how landscape context affects the magnitude and importance of subsidies, and determine how impacts of human disturbance can propagate between streams and riparian zones via these trophic linkages. Study of these reciprocal connections is helping to define a more holistic perspective of catchments, and has the potential to shape new directions for ecology in general.
The advantage of using a synoptic pathology report format for cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Karim R Z , Van Den Berg K S , Colman M H , McCarthy S W , Thompson J F , Scolyer R A 
Published: August 2010

Aims:  Although the synoptic format is being increasingly used for primary cutaneous melanoma pathology reporting, no study assessing its value has yet been reported in the literature. The aim was to determine whether the use of synoptic reports increases the frequency with which pathological features that may influence prognosis and guide management are documented.Methods and results:  Melanoma pathology reports (n = 1692) were evaluated; 904 were in a synoptic format [671 Sydney Melanoma Unit (SMU) reports and 233 non‐SMU reports] and 788 were non‐synoptic (184 SMU reports and 604 non‐SMU reports). Reports (n = 1354) from 677 patients who had both a SMU report and a non‐SMU report were compared. Almost all features were reported more frequently in synoptic than in non‐synoptic reports (P < 0.001). No significant differences were found in the frequency of reporting the main pathological features between SMU and non‐SMU synoptic reports. Synoptic reports were more frequently used by SMU (78%) than by non‐SMU pathologists (28%).Conclusions:  This is the first study to provide objective evidence that synoptic pathology reports for melanoma are more complete than non‐synoptic reports (regardless of whether the reports are generated within or outside a specialist melanoma centre). All synoptic reports should include the facility for free text, be tailored to individual institutional requirements and be updated regularly to be of maximal value.
Detection of Y‐chromosome in gonadal tumours using fluorescence in situ hybridization: diagnostic value in intersex conditions including older patients with clinically unsuspected androgen insensitivity syndrome
Authors: Stewart C J R , Baker E , Beaton C , Crook M , Peverall J , Wallace S 
Published: August 2010

Aims:  To evaluate fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for SRY, the testis‐determining gene on the Y‐chromosome, in gonadal specimens from patients with intersex disorders including two older individuals presenting with Sertoli cell adenomas and clinically unsuspected androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS).Methods and results:  FISH, using probes for SRY and the X‐centromere, was performed on two Sertoli cell adenomas presenting as ovarian masses in phenotypic females aged 62 and 73 years with previously undiagnosed AIS. Gonadal biopsies and tumours from eight additional patients with known intersex disorders and XY phenotype were also studied. Signal for SRY was demonstrated in at least one specimen from all patients, and from 16/18 (89%) specimens overall. The specificity of FISH was determined by analysis of 10 sporadic ovarian tumours including six dysgerminomas and four Sertoli‐Leydig cell tumours: all cases expressed a female XX chromosomal signal.Conclusions:  The demonstration of SRY using FISH is useful in the assessment of gonadal specimens from patients with intersex disorders, particularly in older individuals where the diagnosis may be unsuspected clinically. However, it may be necessary to examine multiple specimens in some cases to confirm the presence of Y‐chromosomal material.
Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma originating from hepatic progenitor cells: immunohistochemical and double‐fluorescence immunostaining evidence
Authors: Zhang F , Chen X‐P , Zhang W , Dong H‐H , Xiang S , Zhang W‐G , Zhang B‐X 
Published: August 2010

Aims:  Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) is a rare form of primary liver cancer, showing a mixture of hepatocellular and biliary features. Data suggest that most CHC arise from hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). The aim was to investigate the origin of CHC.Methods and results:  Twelve cases of CHC were studied by immunohistochemistry for hepatocytic (hepPar1, α‐fetoprotein), cholangiocytic cytokeratin [(CK) 7, CK19], hepatic progenitor cell (OV‐6), haematopoietic stem cell (c‐kit, CD34), as well as CD45 and chromogranin‐A markers. The combination of double‐fluorescence immunostaining consisted of HepPar1 with CK19, and c‐kit with OV‐6. All 12 cases demonstrated more or less transitional areas, with strands/trabeculae of small, uniform, oval‐shaped cells including scant cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei embedded within a thick, desmoplastic stroma; however, two cases were found to consist entirely of such transitional areas. Simultaneous co‐expression of hepPar1 and CK7, or CK19, was demonstrated in 10/12 (83.3%) cases of CHC. c‐kit expression was noted in 10/12 (83.3%) cases, of which 7/10 (70%) showed co‐expression of OV‐6.Conclusions:  The results suggest that CHC are of HPC origin, supporting the concept that human hepatocarcinogenesis may originate from the transformation of HPCs.
Molecular cloning, transcriptional regulation, and differential expression profiling of vitellogenin in two wing‐morphs of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Tufail M. , Naeemullah M. , Elmogy M. , Sharma P. N. , Takeda M. , Nakamura C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is a serious pest of rice crops throughout Asia and exhibits wing dimorphism, with brachypterous adults having reduced wings and macropterous adults possessing fully developed wings. To understand the reproductive strategies in two wing‐morphs of this insect, the transcript encoding the major yolk protein precursor, vitellogenin (Vg), was cloned. The complete mRNA transcript was 6314 bp, which encodes a protein of 2063 residues including an 18‐residue putative signal peptide. Analysis of the mature protein revealed two vitellogenin‐N (or lipoprotein amino‐terminal) domains near the N‐terminus and a von Willebrand factor type D domain near the C‐terminus. In addition, a highly conserved motif GL/ICG, and a number of cysteine residues were identified near the C‐terminus. Northern blot analysis identified a ∼6.8 kb Vg gene transcript that was expressed exclusively in the adult female fat body cells. The expression profile revealed that the Vg gene starts to be expressed earlier (on day 3) in brachypters as compared to macropters where the mRNA transcript was observed on day 4. However, in both morphs, the amount of Vg mRNA increased to reach high levels during vitellogenic periods [from day 4 (in brachypters) and day 5 (in macropters) and onwards]. Reflecting the RNA transcription pattern, the Vg signal was detected by immunoblotting on day 3 and day 4 in haemolymph of brachypterous and macropterous females, respectively, and that was increased every day and remained high during the vitellogenic periods. Furthermore, the topical application of juvenile hormone (JH) III had up‐regulated the Vg gene expression suggesting that the Vg gene is regulated by JH in N. lugens. In addition, it was demonstrated by Southern blot analysis that there exists a single copy of the gene in the N. lugens genome. A delayed trend in expression (of both the transcript and the protein) demonstrated by macropterous females in the present studies supports the hypothesis of prereproductive long distance migration in this wing‐dimorphic species.
Pyrosequencing and characterization of immune response genes from the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (L.)
Authors: Jaworski D. C. , Zou Z. , Bowen C. J. , Wasala N. B. , Madden R. , Wang Y. , Kocan K. M. , Jiang H. , Dillwith J. W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTicks continue to be a threat to animal and human health, and new and novel control strategies are needed for ticks and tick‐borne pathogens. The characterization of the tick–pathogen interface and the tick immune response to microbial infections is fundamental toward the formulation of new control strategies for ticks and the pathogens they transmit. Our overall hypothesis for this research is that the tick immune system manages the maintenance of pathogens. Therefore, discovery of tick immune response genes may provide targets for novel control strategies directed toward reducing vector competency and pathogen transmission. In these studies, 454 pyrosequencing, a high‐throughput genomic sequencing method was used to discover tick genes expressed in response to bacterial and fungal infections. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were analysed from Dermacentor variabilis ticks that had been injected with bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus) or fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans) and ticks that were naturally infected with the intracellular bacterium, Anaplasma marginale. By this approach, ESTs were assembled into 5995 contigs. Contigs fell into the five main functional categories of metabolism, genetic information processing, environmental information processing, cellular processes and human diseases. We identified more than 30 genes that are likely to encode for proteins involved in tick immune function. We further analysed by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT‐PCR) the expression of 22 of these genes in each of our bacterial or fungal treatment groups and found that seven were up‐regulated. Up‐regulation of these seven genes was confirmed for bacterial, but not fungal treatment by quantitative PCR (qPCR). One of these products was novel, encoding a new tick defensin. Our results clearly demonstrate the complexities of the tick immune system and mark new directions for further study and characterization of proteins that modulate microbial infections in the American dog tick.
The tricho‐rhino‐phalangeal syndrome – a case report
Authors: DOWNING A. , WELBURY R. R. 
Published: August 2010

Summary. The diagnosis of tricho‐rhino‐phalangeal (TRP) syndrome may sometimes be confused with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED). Some of the facial features are similar but the hands of patients with TRP often have short distal phalanges, deviation at the proximal interphalangeal joints and, radiologically, a specific distribution of cone‐shaped epiphyses. This report describes a case of TRP syndrome with previously unreported hypodontia, which increases the similarity between TRP and HED.Résumé.Le syndrome Tricho‐Rhino‐Phalangien (TRP) est souvent confondu avec la dysplasie ectodermique (DE). Certaines des caractéristiques faciales sont les mêmes mais les mains des patients souffrant de TRP ont souvent des phalanges distales courtes, une déviation de l'articulation inter‐phalangienrie et radiologiquement une distribution spécifique: des épiphyses en forme de cône. Est rapporté le cas d'un syndrome TRP avec une hypodontie qui augmente la similitude entre TRP et DR.Zussamenfassung.Die Diagnose des Tricho‐Rhino Phalangeal (TRP) Syndromes wird manohmal mit demjenigen der Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasie (HED) Syndrom, verwechselt. Einige der Gesichttsmerkmale sind zwar ähnlich aber die Hände der Patienten mit TRP haben öfters kurze distale Phalangen, Abweichungen der proximalen unterphalangealen Gelenke und im Röngtenbild sichtbar ist eine spezifische Verteilung von konisch geformten Epiphysen. Dieser Bericht beschreibt einen Fall des TRP Syndromes welchen mit einer bisher nicht publizierten Hypodontie einhergeht. Das letztere vergrössert die Ähnlichkeit zwischen TRP und HED.Resumen.El diagnóstico del síndrome trico‐rinofalange (TRF) muchas veces puede ser confundido con la displasia ectodérmica hipohidrotica (DEH). Algunas de las caracteristicas faciales son similares, pero las manos de los pacientes con TRF por lo general presentan falanges distales cortas, desviación en las articulaciones proximales interfalanges, y radiograficamente, una distribución específica de epífisis coniformes. Este reporte describe un caso del síndrome TRF con hipodoncia, lo que aumento la similaridad entre TRF y DEH.
Congenital aplasia of major salivary glands in a 4‐year‐old child
Authors: O'MALLEY A. M. , MACLEOD R. I. , WELBURY R. R. 
Published: August 2010

Summary. The case of a 4‐year‐old girl with marked xerostomia and rampant caries is described. Investigation revealed complete aplasia of all four major salivary glands, which is extremely rare. Eleven primary teeth were extracted and a strict caries‐preventive regime introduced. The patient had previously been advised to suck citrus‐flavoured sweets to stimulate saliva flow, but this must be discouraged.Résumé.Le cas d'une petita fille souffrant d'une xérostomie sévére avec caries rampantes est décrit. l'examen a montré une aplasie compléte des quatre glandes salivaires principales, ce qui est très rare. Onze dents temporaires ont été extraites et un régime alimentaire strict de prévention de la carle a été instauré. II avait été autrefois conseillé à ce patient de sucer des bonbons au citron pour stimuler le flux salivaire mais cette pratique doit être supprimée.Zusammenfassung.Es wird der Fall eines vierjährigen Mädchens beschrieben, die an schwerer Xerostomie und akuter Karies litt. Eine Untersuchung ergab, daß eine Aplasie aller ver Hauptspeicheldrüsen vorlag, was äußerst selten vorkommt. Elf Milchzähne wurden extrahiert. Daneben wurde eine strikte kariesprophylaktische Diät eingeführt. Die Patientin war vorher angewiesen worden, Süßigkeiten mit zitrusgeschmack zur Stimulierung des Speichelflusses zu lutschen.Resumen.Se describe el caso de una niña de 4 años de edad con marcada xerostomia y caries rampante. La investigación mostró aplasia completa de las cuatro glándulas salivales mayores, lo cual es extremadamanete raro. Once dietes temporales fueron extraidos y un estricto régimen preventivo contra caries fue instituido. El paciente previamente habia recibido consejos sobre chupar caramelos con sabores citricos para estimular el flujo salival, pero esto deber ser descontinuado.
Condylar hyperplasia causing progressive facial asymmetry during orthodontic treatment—a case report
Authors: EALES E. , JONES M. L. , SUGAR A. W. 
Published: August 2010

Summary. Condylar hyperplasia is defined and its aetiology and prevalence are briefly reviewed. A case is presented to illustrate how the progressive nature of the condition can create problems for the clinician, particularly during orthodontic treatment of a child or adolescent patient. The benefits of interceptive surgery are illustrated, although such an approach does not necessarily mean that further surgery is avoided at the completion of growth.Résumé.l'hyperplasie du condyle, son étiologie el sa fréquence sont briévement passées en revue. Le cas présenté montre cmment la nature progressive de cette pathologie peut créer des problémes pour le clinicien notamment pendant le traitement orthodontique de l'enfant ou de l'adolescent. Les bénéfices de la chirurgie interceptive sont décrits mais ne signifient pas qu' un traitement chirurgical solt nécessaire à la fin de la croissance.Zusammenfassung.In diesem Beitrag wird kondyläre Hyperplasie definiert und ein kurzer Überblick über Ätiologie und Vorkommen gegeben. Anhand einer Fallbeschreibung wird gezeigt, welche Probleme durch die Progredienz der Erkrankung für den Zahnarzt bestehen können, insbesondere während der kieferorthopädischen Behandlung eines Kindes oder jugendlichen Patienten. Es werden die Vorteile der chirurgischen Therapie dargestellt, durch die allerdings nicht gewährleistet werden kann, daß weitere chirurgische Eingriffe nach Wachstumsstillstand vermieden werden.Resumen.Se define la hiperplasia condilar y su etiología y prevalencia se describen. Se presenta un caso para ilustrar cómo la naturaleza progresiva de la condición puede crear problemas para el odontólogo particularmente durante el tratamiento ortodóntico de un niño o adolescente. Se ilustra los beneficios de la cirugia preventiva, aún cuando este tratamiento no necesariamente significa que se evitará realizar más cirugia en al futuro cuando termine el crecimiento.
Changes in the oral health of children during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: O'SULLIVAN ELIZABETH A. , DUGGAL MONTY S. , BAILEY C.C. 
Published: August 2010

Summary. Thirty children diagnosed as suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were followed up for between 6 months and 1 year during their treatment for the disease. Dental examinations were carried out at approximately monthly intervals for caries, gingival condition, plaque and calculus. The results showed a significant deterioration in gingival condition, but there were no significant changes in the amounts of plaque and calculus. No new carious lesions developed in any of the children's teeth during the study period.Résumé.Trente enfants souffrant de leucémie lymphoblastique ont été suivis sur une période de six mois à un an pendant le traitement de leur maladie. Les examens dentaires ont eu lieu tous les mois et ont porté sur les caries, l'état gingival et le tartre. Les résultats ont montré une détérioration significative de l'état gingival, mais pas de changements significatifs en ce qui concerne la quantité de plaque ou le tartre. Aucune lésion carioeuse ne s'est développée chez ces enfants pendant la période étudiée.Zusammenfassung.Dreissig Kinder mit Akuter Lymphoblastischer Leukämie wurden in einer Zeit von 6 Monaten–1 Jahr zahnärztliche überwacht, während der Behandlung der Krankheit. Zahnärztliche Untersuchungen für Karies, Kondition des Zahnfleisches, Zahnbelag und Zahnstein fanden einmal im Monat statt. Die Untersuchungen ergaben, Nachlass in der Kondition der Gingiva, aber keine bedeutende Änderungen in der Menge von Belag und Zahnstein. Während der Untersuchungszeit haben die Zähne der Kinder keine neue Kariesläsionen entwickelt.Resumen.Treinta niños diagnosticados con leucemia linfoblástica aguda fueron observados por seis meses y un año durante el tratamiento para la enfermedad. Se realizaron exámenes dentales a intervalos de un mes para caries, enfermedad periodontal, placa y cálculos. Los resultados mostraron que hubo un significativo deterioro en la condición gingival, pero no hubo cambios significativos en la cantidad de placa y calculos. No se observaron nuevas caries en ninguno de los niños durante el período de estudio.