bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking peripheral atherosclerosis to blood–brain barrier disruption: elucidating its role as a manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease in vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Nyúl-Tóth Ádám , Patai Roland , Csiszar Anna , Ungvari Anna , Gulej Rafal , Mukli Peter , Yabluchanskiy Andriy , Benyo Zoltan , Sotonyi Peter , Prodan Calin I. , Liotta Eric M. , Toth Peter , Elahi Fanny , Barsi Péter , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Sorond Farzaneh A. , Tarantini Stefano , Ungvari Zoltan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAging plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), contributing to the onset and progression of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). In older adults, CSVD often leads to significant pathological outcomes, including blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, which in turn triggers neuroinflammation and white matter damage. This damage is frequently observed as white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in neuroimaging studies. There is mounting evidence that older adults with atherosclerotic vascular diseases, such as peripheral artery disease, ischemic heart disease, and carotid artery stenosis, face a heightened risk of developing CSVD and VCID. This review explores the complex relationship between peripheral atherosclerosis, the pathogenesis of CSVD, and BBB disruption. It explores the continuum of vascular aging, emphasizing the shared pathomechanisms that underlie atherosclerosis in large arteries and BBB disruption in the cerebral microcirculation, exacerbating both CSVD and VCID. By reviewing current evidence, this paper discusses the impact of endothelial dysfunction, cellular senescence, inflammation, and oxidative stress on vascular and neurovascular health. This review aims to enhance understanding of these complex interactions and advocate for integrated approaches to manage vascular health, thereby mitigating the risk and progression of CSVD and VCID.
Law Awareness and Abidance and Radicalism Prevention Among Hong Kong Youth
Authors: Cheung Chau-kiu , Jia Cindy Xinshan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSocial influence through awareness of law abidance and enforcement is uncertain in preventing youth radicalism. Accordingly, the effects of the social norm for law abidance and deterrence on radicalism are unclear or debatable. To clarify these effects, this study randomly surveyed 883 Chinese youth in Hong Kong, where the national security law has recently launched to tackle radicalism. Results show the significant inverse effects of awareness of national security law enforcement, awareness of support for law abidance, and agreement on law abidance on radicalism. Nevertheless, the effect of awareness of the enforcement slightly weakened with education, the agreement, or awareness of the support. This weakening suggests situational deterrence. These results imply the preventability of youth radicalism by law, including its awareness, abidance, and enforcement.
Combined transarterial chemoembolization and thermal ablation in candidates to liver transplantation with hepatocellular carcinoma: pathological findings and post-transplant outcome
Authors: Fronda Marco , Susanna Eleonora , Doriguzzi Breatta Andrea , Gazzera Carlo , Patrono Damiano , Piccione Federica , Bertero Luca , Ciferri Fernanda , Carucci Patrizia , Gaia Silvia , Rolle Emanuela , Vocino Trucco Giulia , Bergamasco Laura , Tandoi Francesco , Cassoni Paola , Romagnoli Renato , Fonio Paolo , Calandri Marco 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Evaluating the pathological response and the survival outcomes of combined thermal ablation (TA) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as a bridge or downstaging for liver transplantation (LT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) > 3 cm.

Materials and methods
A retrospective review encompassed 36 consecutive patients who underwent combined TA-TACE as bridging or downstaging before LT. Primary objectives included necrosis of the target lesion at explant pathology, post-LT overall survival (OS) and post-LT recurrence-free survival (RFS). For OS and RFS, a comparison with 170 patients subjected to TA alone for nodules <3 cm in size was also made.

Results
Out of the 36 patients, 63.9% underwent TA-TACE as bridging, while 36.1% required downstaging. The average node size was 4.25 cm. All cases were discussed in a multidisciplinary tumor board to assess the best treatment for each patient. Half received radiofrequency (RF), and the other half underwent microwave (MW). All nodes underwent drug-eluting beads (DEB) TACE with epirubicin. The mean necrosis percentage was 65.9% in the RF+TACE group and 83.3% in the MW+TACE group (p-value = 0.099). OS was 100% at 1 year, 100% at 3 years and 94.7% at 5 years. RFS was 97.2% at 1 year, 94.4% at 3 years and 90% at 5 years. Despite the different sizes of the lesions, OS and RFS did not show significant differences with the cohort of patients subjected to TA alone.

Conclusions
The study highlights the effectiveness of combined TA-TACE for HCC>3 cm, particularly for bridging and downstaging to LT, achieving OS and RFS rates significantly exceeding 80% at 1, 3 and 5 years.
Poaceascoma zborayi sp. nov. and Agrorhizomyces patris gen. et spec. nov. – Two novel dark septate endophytes colonizing wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots from a cropland in Hungary
Authors: Imrefi Ildikó , Knapp Dániel G. , Kovács Gábor M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigated two distinct new phylogenetic lineages of root-colonizing dark septate endophytic fungi colonizing wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots from a long-term agricultural experimental site in Hungary. According to four-locus (internal transcribed spacer, partial large and small subunit regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA, and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha) phylogenetic analyses, the isolates belong to the Lentitheciaceae and Didymosphaeriaceae of the Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes). We studied the morphology and culture characteristics of the strains. We carried out in vitro resynthesis pot experiments with their original hosts and found no overall negative effect of the inoculation with different isolates of the new taxa. One of the lineages belonged to the genus Poaceascoma (Lentitheciaceae) and represented a novel species described here as Poaceascoma zborayi. We could describe conidia-like structures from this species. Isolates of the other lineage represented a monotypic novel genus in the Didymosphaeriaceae. Accordingly, the new genus, Agrorhizomyces, represented by the species A. patris, is introduced. Sterile, globose structures resembling immature sporocarps were detected. Sequence similarity searches indicated that P. zborayi might be widely distributed, while no sequence similar to A. patris was found outside the sampling area.
Evaluation and Modeling of the Rate of Formation of Lath Martensite in Fe-C Alloys, Extracted from Ultra-Rapid Quenching Experiments
Authors: Kumpati Joshua , Hillert Mats , Borgenstam Annika 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIsothermal information is rarely available for the formation of martensite in Fe or Fe alloys due to a very high rate of transformation compared to the rate of heat conduction. Such information has now been extracted for lath martensite in some sets of Fe alloys from available information on ultra-rapid quenching but only at a single temperature for each alloy, related to its two MS temperatures. The temperature dependence could, thus, be studied only on binary sets of alloys. Those results have been applied to mathematical models based on the Arrhenius equation and illustrated with Arrhenius plots. For three sets of binary Fe alloys, a large group of rates came close to the rate of an almost pure and carbon-free Fe-C alloy. It illustrated that Cr, Ni, and Ru in low contents have relatively small effects on the rate of formation of lath martensite in Fe. It also demonstrated that the present measurements have considerable reproducibility. In contrast, a set of Fe-C alloys did not give a straight line in the Arrhenius plot. Using a new mathematical model based on the concept of the Arrhenius equation to express the effect of carbon, it was possible to predict the rate of formation of lath martensite for Fe-C alloys with fixed C content and their temperature dependencies which are not available experimentally due to the very high rate of formation.
Liquid phase oxidation of cyclopentanone over metal-free carbon catalysts
Authors: Gašparovičová Dana , Králik Milan , Horváth Blažej , Soták Tomáš , Hudec Pavol 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOxidation of cyclopentanone (CPO) was studied over metal-free carbon catalysts in solvent-free conditions. Norit SX plus (900 m2 g−1) and Vulcan XC72 (240 m2 g−1) were used as pristine materials. Catalysts were prepared by activation in nitrogen and by treatment with urea, calcined in nitrogen at 500 °C and 950 °C. SEM, EDX, XPS, X-ray powder diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, acid–base titration, FTIR and Raman techniques were used for characterization. Catalytic tests carried out at 0.45 MPa and 80–110 °C enabled to find the best results: 30% selectivity to glutaric acid (GA) and 3% to succinic acid at 25% conversion of CPO, over Vulcan type catalysts. A low activity, selectivity and strong deactivation of Norit type catalysts can be ascribed to a higher specific surface in a disordered arrangement providing a high concentration of unselective catalytic sites. A higher extent of side reactions can yield in higher molar mass products, which stick on the surface and block catalytic sites. Optimum amount of accessible planar domains, represented by graphene and/or graphitic plates with some disorders present in Vulcan type catalysts classified them superior to Norit catalysts. A redox reaction scheme of oxidation of CPO to GA is also proposed.
Graphical abstract
Dismantle and rebuild: the importance of preparedness and self-efficacy before, during and after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Holmberg Katarina , Bergkvist Karin , Wengström Yvonne , Hagelin Carina Lundh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to explore patients’ experiences of being prepared for allogenic haematopoietic cell transplantation and to explore their perceived self-efficacy and preparedness for self-care after allogenic haematopoietic cell transplantation.

Methods
Nine participants, who recently underwent allo-HCT, were interviewed regarding their views on preparedness, self-efficacy and self-care. The interviews were analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis.

Results
An overarching theme, Life is taken apart, then you have to know how to put the pieces together, and four sub-themes: Convert information into something understandable; Taking responsibility, maintaining and preparing for an uncertain time in life; Balancing vigilance with independence; and Reorientating in an altered body places new demands on self-care illustrate the dismantlement of life during treatment and how actions and approaches can build a new life.

Conclusions
Both participants and healthcare professionals prioritised preparing for allo-HCT in the period before admission. However, during admission, preparation decreased and the time was not used for preparatory learning. This meant that participants were well prepared for the acute phase but unprepared for life after completion of treatment. Among the participants, self-efficacy was good. They sought information about taking care of their health before and in the aftermath of allo-HCT.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
This study provides insight into, and knowledge about, how patients prepare before, during and after treatment. This knowledge should primarily be directed towards healthcare professionals to be used for future patients who may need advice and support, as well as continued preparation for a life after transplantation.
Retrospective registry of patients with locally advanced/metastatic HR+/HER2− breast cancer treated in clinical practice in Andalusia
Authors: Chavarría Piudo Natalia , Blancas Isabel , González Flores Encarna , Henao Carrasco Fernando , López Álvarez Pilar , Morales Pancorbo David , Gámez Casado Salvador , Lomas Garrido María de la Cabeza , Rodríguez García José Manuel , Martínez Guisado Antonia , Sánchez Vega Adrián , Ruíz Borrego Manuel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Limited data are available regarding the real-world effectiveness and safety of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) (palbociclib/ribociclib) just as a first-line treatment for patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR + /HER2‒) metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Objective
To assess whether clinical or demographic characteristics limit access to first-line CDK4/6i treatment in clinical practice in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia (Spain) between November 2017 and April 2020. In addition, effectiveness will be described in an exploratory analysis.

Methods
Physicians from 12 centers participated in selecting demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome data from women with HR + /HER2- MBC treated with or without CDK4/6i in addition to hormonal in the first-line setting, in a 3:1 proportion. Kaplan–Meier analysis estimated progression-free rates (PFRs) and survival rates (SRs).

Results
A total of 212 patients were included, of whom 175 (82.5%) were in the CDK4/6i treatment group and 37 (17.5%) were in the non-CDK4/6i treatment group (control group). Patients in the CDK 4/6i treatment group were younger (p = 0.0011), the biopsies of the metastatic site at the moment of the relapse were most commonly performed (p = 0.0454), and had multiple metastatic sites (p = 0.0025). The clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 82.3% in the CDK4/6i group and 67.8% in the control group. Median time to a progression event or death (PFS) was 20.4 months (95%CI 15.6–28) in the CDK4/6i group and 12.1 months (95%CI 7.9–not reached) in the control group.

Conclusions
Younger patients, biopsies of metastatic disease and with multiple metastatic sites were more frequently treated with CDK4/6i in our daily clinical practice.
Computational and analytical analysis of integral-differential equations for modeling avoidance learning behavior
Authors: Turab Ali , Montoyo Andrés , Nescolarde-Selva Josué-Antonio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work emphasizes the computational and analytical analysis of integral-differential equations, with a particular application in modeling avoidance learning processes. Firstly, we suggest an approach to determine a unique solution to the given model by employing methods from functional analysis and fixed-point theory. We obtain numerical solutions using the approach of Picard iteration and evaluate their stability in the context of minor perturbations. In addition, we explore the practical application of these techniques by providing two examples that highlight the thorough analysis of behavioral responses using numerical approximations. In the end, we examine the efficacy of our suggested ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for studying the avoidance learning behavior of animals. Furthermore, we investigate the convergence and error analysis of the proposed ODEs using multiple numerical techniques. This integration of theoretical and practical analysis enhances the domain of applied mathematics by providing important insights for behavioral science research.
Recent Advances in the Understanding of Stress Resistance Mechanisms in Probiotics: Relevance for the Design of Functional Food Systems
Authors: Bustos Ana Yanina , Taranto María Pía , Gerez Carla Luciana , Agriopoulou Sofia , Smaoui Slim , Varzakas Theodoros , Enshasy Hesham Ali El 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In recent years, more and more scientific community, food producers, and food industry show increased interest in functional foods containing probiotics, which is a big challenge. The consumption of probiotics in the context of a balanced diet through the consumption of functional foods or through the intake of pharmaceutical preparations has proven to contribute to the improvement of human health, even contributing to the prevention of diseases. In order for probiotics to be considered suitable for consumption, they must contain a minimum concentration of viable cells, namely, at least 107 colony forming units of beneficial microbes per gram. Ensuring the viability of bacterial cells until the moment of consumption is the overriding priority of functional probiotic food manufacturers. Probiotic bacteria are subject to stress conditions not only during food manufacturing but also during gastrointestinal passage, which limit or even compromise their functionality. This paper first examines all the stressful conditions faced by probiotic cells in their production stages and related to the conditions present in the bioreactor fermentation and drying processes as well as factors related to the food matrix and storage. The stress situations faced by probiotic microorganisms during the gastrointestinal transit especially during stomach and intestinal residence are also analyzed. In order to understand the adaptation mechanisms of probiotic bacteria to gastrointestinal stress, intrinsic and adaptive mechanisms identified in probiotic strains in response to acid stress and to bile and bile acid stress are analyzed. In addition, improvement strategies for multiple stress tolerance of lactic acid bacteria through directions dealing with stress, accumulation of metabolites, use of protectants, and regulation of technological parameters are examined. Finally, the definition of postbiotics, inanimate microorganisms and/or their components conferring health benefits, is also introduced. Postbiotics include cell lysates, enzymes, and cell wall fragments derived from probiotic bacteria and may represent an alternative to the use of probiotics, when they do not tolerate stressful conditions.
Extracellular Enzyme Activity and Stoichiometry Across Vegetated and Non-Vegetated Coastal Ecosystems
Authors: Wei Mengjie , Lundquist Carolyn J. , Schwendenmann Luitgard 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe conversion of organic matter by extracellular enzymes can reveal important insights into carbon and nutrient cycling. The activity and stoichiometry of hydrolytic extracellular enzymes were investigated to assess the effects of vegetation cover and sediment characteristics on microbial-enzyme-mediated decomposition in coastal ecosystems. Extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) was quantified across transects extending from mangrove to tidal flat habitats in two New Zealand coastal ecosystems that differ in mud content (sandy: Hobson Bay, muddy: Snells Beach). We determined the activity of five key hydrolyzing enzymes: β-glucosidase (hydrolyzes cellulose to glucose); β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (catalyzes the terminal reaction in chitin degradation); alkaline phosphatase (releases soluble inorganic phosphate groups from organophosphates); β-D-cellobiohydrolase (hydrolyzes cellulose to generate cellobiose); and β-xylosidase (catalyzes hemicellulose). All enzymes involved in C acquisition and in N and P cycling had higher activity at the muddy site. No habitat differences in EEA were observed at the sandy site, whereas EEA was lower in the non-vegetated habitats for some enzymes at the muddy site. Models of microbial metabolic limitations highlighted that most habitats at both muddy and sandy sites were predominately C and P limited. The EEA in these coastal wetlands was generally lower than has been reported for other terrestrial, freshwater, and estuarine ecosystems, with values often one to two orders of magnitude lower than other wetland studies. These results can be used to advance our understanding of the biogeochemical processes underpinning the response of coastal ecosystems to land-derived nutrient and sediment inputs.
Transforming tumoroids derived from ALK-positive pulmonary adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma in vivo
Authors: Yokota Etsuko , Iwai Miki , Ishida Yuta , Yukawa Takuro , Matsubara Masaki , Naomoto Yoshio , Fujiwara Hideyo , Monobe Yasumasa , Haisa Minoru , Takigawa Nagio , Fukazawa Takuya , Yamatsuji Tomoki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractApproximately 3–5% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harbor ALK fusion genes and may be responsive to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors. There are only a few reports on cell lines with EML4-ALK variant 3 (v3) and tumoroids that can be subject to long-term culture (> 3 months). In this study, we established tumoroids (PDT-LUAD#119) from a patient with lung cancer harboring EML4-ALK that could be cultured for 12 months. Whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing analyses revealed TP53 mutations and an EML4-ALK v3 mutation. PDT-LUAD#119 lung tumoroids were sensitive to the ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK TKIs) crizotinib, alectinib, entrectinib, and lorlatinib, similar to NCI-H3122 cells harboring EML4-ALK variant 1 (v1). Unexpectedly, clear squamous cell carcinoma and solid adenocarcinoma were observed in xenografts from PDT-LUAD#119 lung tumoroids, indicating adenosquamous carcinoma. Immunostaining revealed that the squamous cell carcinoma was ALK positive, suggesting a squamous transformation of the adenocarcinoma. Besides providing a novel cancer model to support basic research on ALK-positive lung cancer, PDT-LUAD#119 lung tumoroids will help elucidate the pathogenesis of adenosquamous carcinoma.
Ipersessualità: aspetti bio-psico-sociali
Authors: Doroldi Davide , Limoncin Erika , Ciocca Giacomo , Jannini Emmanuele A. 
Published: June 2024

SommarioL’ipersessualità viene ad oggi definita in molteplici modi che rispecchiano l’inquadramento diagnostico sottostante. Secondo l’International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), l’eccessivo comportamento sessuale è da ricondursi a un comportamento compulsivo. Seguendo la panoramica scientifica attuale, l’ipersessualità può essere il risultato di molteplici condizioni psicopatologiche. Pertanto, il modello bio-psico-sociale sembra essere quello più appropriato per spiegare l’eziologia spesso multifattoriale di questo sintomo. In ambito psicopatologico è possibile riscontrare l’ipersessualità nelle fasi maniacali, nel disturbo borderline di personalità, in associazione al disturbo da deficit di attenzione con iperattività (ADHD), nelle psicosi. In aggiunta, pazienti che presentano deficit neurologici a causa di lesioni cerebrali, o che sono diagnosticati con sindromi neurologiche, possono presentare l’ipersessualità, come causa diretta della malattia o a causa indiretta delle terapie farmacologiche adottate per la gestione della sindrome. Un assessment preciso e globale, che veda l’approfondimento di tutte le variabili che possono spiegare l’insorgenza di tale sintomo, sembra necessario per l’inquadramento diagnostico e l’impostazione della terapia.