bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-Year Follow-up of Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment in Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: de Jonge Suzan , de Vos Robert J. , Weir Adam , van Schie Hans T. M. , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M. A. , Verhaar Jan A. N. , Weinans Harrie , Tol Johannes L. 
Published: May 2011

Background Achilles tendinopathy is a common disease among both athletes and in the general population in which the use of platelet-rich plasma has recently been increasing. Good evidence for the use of this autologous product in tendinopathy is limited, and data on longer-term results are lacking. Purpose To study the effects of a platelet-rich plasma injection in patients with chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy at 1-year follow-up. Study Design Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods Fifty-four patients, aged 18 to 70 years, with chronic tendinopathy 2 to 7 cm proximal to the Achilles tendon insertion were randomized to receive either a blinded injection containing platelet-rich plasma or saline (placebo group) in addition to an eccentric training program. The main outcome was the validated Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Achilles score. Patient satisfaction was recorded and ultrasound examination performed at baseline and follow-up. Results The mean Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Achilles score improved in both the platelet-rich plasma group and the placebo group after 1 year. There was no significant difference in increase between both groups (adjusted between-group difference, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, –4.9 to 15.8, P = .292). In both groups, 59% of the patients were satisfied with the received treatment. Ultrasonographic tendon structure improved significantly in both groups but was not significantly different between groups (adjusted between-group difference, 1.2%; 95% confidence interval, –4.1 to 6.6, P = .647). Conclusion This randomized controlled trial showed no clinical and ultrasonographic superiority of platelet-rich plasma injection over a placebo injection in chronic Achilles tendinopathy at 1 year combined with an eccentric training program.
Measurements of Tibiofemoral Kinematics during Soft and Stiff Drop Landings Using Biplane Fluoroscopy
Authors: Myers Casey A. , Torry Michael R. , Peterson Daniel S. , Shelburne Kevin B. , Giphart J. Erik , Krong Jacob P. , Woo Savio L-Y. , Steadman J. Richard 
Published: May 2011

Background Previous laboratory studies of landing have defined landing techniques in terms of soft or stiff landings according to the degree of maximal knee flexion angle attained during the landing phase and the relative magnitude of the ground-reaction force. Current anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs are instructing athletes to land softly to avoid excessive strain on the anterior cruciate ligament. Purpose This study was undertaken to measure, describe, and compare tibiofemoral rotations and translations of soft and stiff landings in healthy individuals using biplane fluoroscopy. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods The in vivo, lower extremity, 3-dimensional knee kinematics of 16 healthy adults (6 male and 10 female) instructed to land softly and stiffly in different trials were collected in biplane fluoroscopy as they performed the landing from a height of 40 cm. Results Average and maximum relative anterior tibial translation (average, 2.8 ± 1.2 mm vs 3.0 ± 1.4 mm; maximum, 4.7 ± 1.6 mm vs 4.4 ± 0.8 mm), internal/external rotation (average, 3.7° ± 5.1° vs 2.7° ± 4.3°; maximum, 5.6° ± 5.5° vs 4.9° ± 4.7°), and varus/valgus (average, 0.2° ± 1.2° vs 0.2° ± 1.0°; maximum, 1.7° ± 1.2° vs 1.6° ± 0.9°) were all similar between soft and stiff landings, respectively. The peak vertical ground-reaction force was significantly larger for stiff landings than for soft landings (2.60 ± 1.32 body weight vs 1.63 ± 0.73; P < .001). The knee flexion angle total range of motion from the minimum angle at contact to the maximum angle at peak knee flexion was significantly greater for soft landings than for stiff (55.4° ± 8.8° vs 36.8° ± 11.1°; P < .01). Conclusion Stiff landings, as defined by significantly lower knee flexion angles and significantly greater peak ground-reaction forces, do not result in larger amounts of anterior tibial translation or knee rotation in either varus/valgus or internal/external rotation in healthy individuals. Clinical Relevance In healthy knees, the musculature and soft tissues of the knee are able to maintain translations and rotations within a small, safe range during controlled landing tasks of differing demand. The knee kinematics of this healthy population will serve as a comparison for injured knees in future studies. It should be stressed that because the authors did not compare how the loads were distributed over the soft tissues of the knee between the 2 landing styles, the larger ground-reaction forces and more extended knee position observed during stiff landings should still be considered dangerous to the anterior cruciate ligament and other structures of the lower extremities, particularly in competitive settings where movements are often unanticipated.
Hybrid polymer networks of unsaturated polyester–urethane as composite matrices for jute reinforcement
Authors: Singh B. , Gupta M. , Randhawa Anamika , Tyagi Simmi , Sharma Sarika 
Published: May 2011

AbstractReactions of unsaturated polyester resin and 4,4′ diphenyl methane diisocyanate were carried out at different NCO/OH ratios in presence of catalysts to form the hybrid polymer networks. Chain extender (1,4 butanediol) added in the hybrid network (NCO/OH ratio: 0.76) was optimized at a level of ∼ 3 wt % only of the polyester resin. The curing of these networks was studied by a rigid body pendulum type (RPT) method in terms of reduced damping ratio and increased frequency. Lack of multiple glass transition temperatures, sharp Tan delta peak, and particulate composite type morphology clearly demonstrated the formation of phase mixed domains in the hybrid networks. The storage modulus and loss modulus master curves obtained by dynamic mechanical analysis indicate that hybrid polymer networks retained higher modulus at lower and intermediate frequencies over the polyester resin showing their superior time‐dependent response. Efficacy of these hybrid network resins was examined as matrices in the jute composites and compared with those of polyester resin and unsaturated polyester–polyurethane interpenetrating network matrices. It is found that the hybrid polymer network matrix composites exhibited superior physicomechanical properties under both dry and boiling water age test. Fractographic evidences such as fiber–matrix adhesion, hackle markings, and fiber breakage also supported their superior behavior over other composite matrices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Isothermal crystallization of polyethylene oxide/silver nanoplate composites
Authors: Rahmansyah Nandho , Lo Chieh‐Tsung , Syu Ciou‐Mei , Lee Chien‐Liang 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis research was accomplished to investigate the kinetics of isothermal crystallization of polyethylene oxide (PEO)/silver nanoplate composites. It was obtained that the spherulites increased in size and numbers with time for the composites with various particle loadings. Additionally, the spherulite growth rate of composites decreased with an increase in the crystallization temperature and increased with the addition of nanoplates. The spherulite growth rate was further analyzed by the theory developed by Lauritzen and Hoffman. The product of the lateral surface free energy (σ) and the end surface free energy (σe) decreased with an increase in the content of nanoplates. We proposed the possible crystallization mechanisms of these PEO/nanoplate composites according to the change of σ and σe with the presence of nanoplates. A controlled experiment showed a minor change in PEO crystallization with the presence of a surfactant C16TAB. This implied that the unique size and shape of nanoplates plays a key role on hindering the primary nucleation of PEO and increasing the spherulite growth rate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effects of reprocessing on the hygroscopic behavior of natural fiber high‐density polyethylene composites
Authors: Tajvidi Mehdi , Takemura Akio 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDetailed analysis of the effects of recycling process on long‐term water absorption, thickness swelling, and water desorption behavior of natural fiber high‐density polyethylene composites is reported. Composite materials containing polyethylene and wood flour, rice hulls, or bagasse fibers and 2% compatibilizer were produced at constant fiber loading and were exposed to a simulated recycling process consisting of up to five times grinding and reprocessing under controlled conditions. A wide range of analytical methods including water absorption/desorption tests, thickness swelling tests, density measurement, scanning electron microscopy, image analysis, contact angle, fiber length analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and tensile tests were employed to understand the hygroscopic behavior of the recycled composites. Water absorption and thickness swelling behaviors were modeled using existing predictive models and a mathematical model was developed for water desorption at constant temperature. Results indicated that generally the recycled composites had considerably lower water absorption and thickness swellings as compared with the original composites which were attributed to changes in physical and chemical properties of the composites induced by the recycling process. Water desorption was found to be faster after recycling. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Functionalization of polylactic acid through direct melt polycondensation in the presence of tricarboxylic acid
Authors: Kucharczyk Pavel , Poljansek Ida , Sedlarik Vladimír , Kasparkova Vera , Salakova Alexandra , Drbohlav Jan , Cvelbar Uros , Saha Petr 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe goal of the article was to describe the preparation of carboxyl‐functionalized polylactic acid (PLA) through the method of direct melt copolycondensation of lactic and citric acid (CA). In addition, detailed study of copolycondensation process, its limitations and investigation of the reaction products properties are another issue this article deals with. The effect of tricarboxylic CA on the resulting properties of the functionalized lactic acid (LA) polycondesates was studied in a wide range of LA/CA molar ratios. The influence of CA on molecular weight, thermal and physicochemical properties, and chemical structure of the products was investigated, using viscometric measurements of the polymer solutions, gel permeation chromatography, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, acidity number determination, and Fourier‐transform infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The results show the significant effect of CA on the structure and physicochemical properties as well as high efficiency of functionalization. Furthermore, a branched structure was detected at low CA concentrations, while higher CA content leads to termination of the polycondensates chains by citryl units and a reduction in the molecular weight. Here, insights on the characterization methods of PLA‐based materials are given by various experimental techniques. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and polymer‐to‐ceramic conversion of tailorable copolysilazanes
Authors: Li Ran , Zhou Cong , Yang Le , Li Siwei , Zhan Junying , Yu Zhaoju , Xia Haiping 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTailorable copolysilazanes (CPSZs) with variable chemical structure and molecular weights were prepared by coammonolysis of dichloromethylsilane, dichloromethylvinylsilane, and trichloromethylsilane. The as‐synthesized CPSZ was characterized by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The CPSZ could be cured in an inert atmosphere at 180°C for 24 h. Pyrolysis behavior and structure evolution of the cured CPSZ were studied by means of thermal gravimetric analysis and FTIR. Hydrosilylation, transamination, dehydrogenation, and demethanation reactions were involved in the polymer‐to‐ceramic conversion of CPSZ. The ceramization process was complete at 900°C with a ceramic yield of 81–84%. Elemental analysis indicated that the compositions of final ceramics can be tailored by controlling the feed ratios of the starting chlorosilanes. Moreover, the microstructural evolution of the resultant SiCN ceramics was further investigated by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Morphology prediction and the effect of core‐shell structure on the rheological behavior of PP/EPDM/HDPE ternary blends
Authors: Li Lan‐Peng , Yin Bo , Yang Ming‐Bo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this work, the morphologies of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene‐propylene‐diene (EPDM) rubber/high density polyethylene (HDPE) 70/20/10 blends were studied and compared with the predictions of the spreading coefficient and minimum free energy models. The interfacial tension of PP/HDPE, PP/EPDM, and HDPE/EPDM blends were obtained by fitting the experimental dynamic storage modulus data to Palierne's theory. The prediction results showed core‐shell morphology (core of HDPE and shell of EPDM) in PP matrix. The PP/EPDM/HDPE blends were respectively prepared by direct extrusion and lateral injection method. Core‐shell morphology (core of HDPE and shell of EPDM) could be obtained with direct extrusion corresponding to the predicted morphology. The morphology of PP/EPDM/HDPE blends could be effectively controlled by lateral injection method. For PP/EPDM/HDPE blend prepared by lateral injection method, HDPE and EPDM phase were dispersed independently in PP matrix. It was found that the different morphology of PP/EPDM/HDPE blends prepared by two methods showed different rheological behavior. When the core‐shell morphology (core of HDPE and shell of EPDM) appeared, the EPDM shell could confine the deformation of HDPE core significantly, so the interfacial energy contribution of dispersed phase on the storage modulus of blends would be weaken in the low frequency region. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
A new surgical technique for the treatment of supracondylar humerus fracture malunions in children
Authors: Skaggs David L. , Glassman David , Weiss Jennifer M. , Kay Robert M. 
Published: May 2011

Purpose To report a new locking lateral closing wedge osteotomy used in repairing pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture malunions, which allows for coronal and sagittal plane correction of both cubitus varus and extension. Methods At our institution, eight children with cubitus varus resulting from prior supracondylar humerus fracture malunions underwent a new technique of lateral closing wedge osteotomy performed by a single surgeon. Preoperative templating created from radiographs of the bilateral upper extremities were compared with clinical exam to determine the angle of triangular bone that must be removed in order to correct the varus and any extension deformity. A lateral approach and subperiosteal dissection exposed the distal humerus. A transverse osteotomy created a proximal and distal fragment, from which two triangles of bone were removed. The fragments were reunited, parallel lateral pins were placed, and live imaging confirmed stable fixation. Results The osteotomy was performed in eight patients, with an average age of 6.3 years. The mean interval between the initial injury and corrective osteotomy was 2.4 years. All patients ended up with flexion of 130° or greater with full and symmetrical pronation and supination. The average ulnohumeral angular correction was 25.5°, which was within 2° of the uninvolved elbow in seven patients and to within 5° in one patient. Baumann's angle averaged 85.3° preoperatively and 73.7° postoperatively, with an average 70.2° in the uninvolved elbow. All of the patients healed with excellent clinical and radiographic alignment and complete function. There were no complications or revisions. Conclusion Varus malunion is a well-described complication of pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture repairs, and many different osteotomy techniques have been described. This series demonstrates that an interlocking lateral wedge osteotomy with parallel lateral pin fixation can provide reliable correction of varus and extension deformity, with a minimal complication rate.
Omental cakes: unusual aetiologies and CT appearances
Authors: Mamlouk Mark Daniel , vanSonnenberg Eric , Shankar Sridhar , Silverman Stuart G. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Background
Omental cakes typically are associated with ovarian carcinoma, as this is the most common malignant aetiology. Nonetheless, numerous other neoplasms, as well as infectious and benign processes, can produce omental cakes.

Methods
A broader knowledge of the various causes of omental cakes is valuable diagnostically and to direct appropriate clinical management.

Results
We present a spectrum of both common and unusual aetiologies that demonstrate the variable computed tomographic appearances of omental cakes.

Conclusion
The anatomy and embryology are discussed, as well as the importance of biopsy when the aetiology of omental cakes is uncertain.
Seeing and identifying with a virtual body decreases pain perception
Authors: Hänsell Alexander , Lenggenhagerl Bigna , von Känell Roland , Curatolol Michele , Blankel Olaf 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPain and the conscious mind (or the self) are experienced in our body. Both are intimately linked to the subjective quality of conscious experience. Here, we used virtual reality technology and visuo‐tactile conflicts in healthy subjects to test whether experimentally induced changes of bodily self‐consciousness (self‐location; self‐identification) lead to changes in pain perception. We found that visuo‐tactile stroking of a virtual body but not of a control object led to increased pressure pain thresholds and self‐location. This increase was not modulated by the synchrony of stroking as predicted based on earlier work. This differed for self‐identification where we found as predicted that synchrony of stroking increased self‐identification with the virtual body (but not a control object), and positively correlated with an increase in pain thresholds. We discuss the functional mechanisms of self‐identification, self‐location, and the visual perception of human bodies with respect to pain perception.
Acknowledging illness and treatment needs in first-time admitted psychiatric patients
Authors: Sorgaard K.W. , Nivison M. , Hansen V. , Øiesvold T. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPurposeHelp-seeking and service utilization depends on the patients’ interpretation of their illness and treatment needs. Worry, denial of illness, need for treatment and need for hospitalization in first-time admitted patients was studied.SubjectsNew patients in two mental hospitals were consecutively recruited. Three hundred and thirty-four satisfied the inclusion criteria and 251 gave informed consent. One hundred and ninety-six had complete datasets (56% of those eligible).MethodsDemography was recorded with the Minimal Basic Dataset by Ruud et al. (1993) [45]. Experiences of hospitalisation were measured with the Patient's Experience of Hospitalisation Questionnaire by Carskey et al. (1992) [9]. MINI was used for diagnosing and SCL-90-R by Derogatis (1997) [13] for subjective symptoms. Standard multiple regressions were performed with the PEH subscales (Denial, Worry, Need for treatment and Need for hospitalisation) as dependents and demography, diagnosis and SCL-90-R subscales as explanatory variables.Results(a) Psychoticism and the diagnosis of schizophrenia were associated with little worrying, denial of illness, of treatment needs and of need for hospitalisation. (b) Anxiety and affective disorders were related to worries, acknowledgement of illness, need for treatment and for hospitalisation.ConclusionsIn contrast to patients with mainly anxiety and affective disorders, psychotic patient tended to deny illness-related worries, that they had an illness and that they needed treatment and hospitalisation. An affective disorder together with suicidal thoughts (not attempts) was a strong drive towards hospital admission.
Comparative exposure to antipsychotic medications in immigrant and native-born populations of a Spanish health region
Authors: Cruz I. , Serna C. , Rué M. , Real J. , Galván L. , Pifarré J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundRaised rates of psychoses among ethnic minorities have been reported. Exposure to antipsychotic medications can give information on mental illness management and ethnic-related differences.ObjectiveTo compare exposure to antipsychotic medications in immigrant and native-born populations in Spain.MethodDescriptive cross-sectional study of the dispensation of antipsychotic medications to the population aged 15 to 64 years, in a Spanish Health Region during 2008.Results1.9% of the native-born population was exposed to antipsychotic medications as compared to 0.4% of the immigrant population. Native-born women were exposed from 1.8 to 5.3 times more and native-born men from 3.6 to 6.3 times more than immigrants of the same gender. The least exposed were persons from Eastern Europe and men from sub-Saharan Africa. Active ingredients prescribed were similar between the two groups. Of the immigrant group, 15.7% were admitted to a psychiatric ward as compared to 6.4% of the native-born population. In the former, non-specific diagnoses were predominant.ConclusionsAll immigrant groups had lower exposure to antipsychotic medications, were admitted to inpatient care more often and had less specific diagnoses. Both diagnostic processes and adherence to treatment need improvement in the regional immigrant population.