bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HbA1c in diagnosing and predicting Type 2 diabetes in impaired glucose tolerance: the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study
Authors: Pajunen P. , Peltonen M. , Eriksson J. G. , Ilanne‐Parikka P. , Aunola S. , Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi S. , Uusitupa M. , Tuomilehto J. , Lindström J. ,   for the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS)
Published: November 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 36–42 (2011)AbstractAims  We analysed the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study data in order to evaluate how the new HbA1c‐based criterion compares with the oral glucose tolerance test in diagnosing Type 2 diabetes among high‐risk individuals during a prospective average follow‐up of 4 years.Methods  In the Diabetes Prevention Study, 172 men and 350 women who were overweight and had impaired glucose tolerance at baseline were randomized into an intensive lifestyle intervention or a control group. The oral glucose tolerance test and HbA1c measurements were performed annually until the diagnosis of diabetes using the World Health Organization 1985 criteria.Results  The sensitivity of the HbA1c≥ 6.5% (≥ 48 mmol/mol) as a diagnostic criterion for Type 2 diabetes was 35% (95% CI 24%, 47%) in women and 47% (95% CI 31%, 64%) in men compared with diagnosis based on two consecutive oral glucose tolerance tests. The corresponding sensitivities for HbA1c≥ 6.0% (≥ 42 mmol/mol) were 67% (95% CI 55%, 77%) and 68% (95% CI 51%, 82%). The participants with HbA1c≥ 6.5% (≥ 48 mmol/mol) and diabetes based on the oral glucose tolerance test were more obese and had higher fasting glucose and 2‐h glucose concentrations than those who had a diabetic oral glucose tolerance test but HbA1c < 6.5% (< 48 mmol/mol). There were no differences in the predictive performance of baseline fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test and HbA1c.Conclusions  Of those with diabetes diagnosis based on two oral glucose tolerance tests during the Diabetes Prevention Study follow‐up, 60% would have remained undiagnosed if diagnosis had been based on HbA1c≥ 6.5% (≥ 48 mmol/mol) criterion.
Free Path Sampling in High Resolution Inhomogeneous Participating Media
Authors: Szirmay‐Kalos László , Tóth Balázs , Magdics Milán 
Published: November 2010

Abstract This paper presents efficient algorithms for free path sampling in heterogeneous participating media defined either by high‐resolution voxel arrays or generated procedurally. The method is based on the concept of mixing ‘virtual’ material or particles to the medium, augmenting the extinction coefficient to a function for which the free path can be sampled in a straightforward way. The virtual material is selected such that it modifies the volume density but does not alter the radiance. We define the total extinction coefficient of the real and virtual particles by a low‐resolution grid of super‐voxels that are much larger than the real voxels defining the medium. The computational complexity of the proposed method depends just on the resolution of the super‐voxel grid and does not grow with the resolution above the scale of super‐voxels. The method is particularly efficient to render large, low‐density, heterogeneous volumes, which should otherwise be defined by enormously high resolution voxel grids and where the average free path length would cross many voxels.
Information availability on Chinese apparel B2C Websites
Authors: Zhang Liyi , Han Ying , Wang Lei 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper explores the availability of information on Chinese apparel business to consumer (B2C) Websites, including product information, customer service information and purchase information. A content analysis of 35 Chinese apparel B2C Websites is conducted to assess online retailers' performance in providing 64 information attributes of the instrument developed for this study. The results find that most descriptive information about the product was available on Chinese apparel B2C Websites, except for sensory‐oriented and experiential‐oriented product information. Most Chinese E‐trailers provide extensive customer service information, though certain defects still exist. This study provides a practical tool to measure the amount and the type of information on apparel B2C Websites. With these findings, Chinese E‐trailers can use this tool to create benchmarks against which they can evaluate their own Website.
Trying to complain: the impact of self‐referencing on complaining intentions
Authors: Hansen Håvard , Samuelsen Bendik M. , Andreassen Tor Wallin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper introduces the Theory of Trying to complaining behaviour, and argues that complaining intentions can be explained by the model. Moreover, we model propensity to self‐reference (SR) as a moderating variable, and suggest that the effects of the causes to complaining intentions depend on the SR‐level held by consumers. A sample of undergraduate business students participated in the study, where the goal was to get a better understanding of complaining intentions. Our study provides new and additional insights in the drivers of complaining by also taking dispositional personality differences into consideration. The results demonstrate that boundary conditions for main‐effect models like the theory of trying can be fruitfully addressed through the notion of individual differences.The research documented that customers' propensity to complain systematically differed as a function of their level of self‐referencing. This is both good and bad news to managers. The good news is that a proportion of the customers rely less on their previous experiences in the complaining domain when they form intentions to complain. The bad news is that some others do. The obstacle is that managers cannot tell by the look if they are talking to an individual with high or low propensity to self‐reference. As the customer base contains both types case could be taken in designing marketing communication campaigns that target the groups differently.
Feature Selection for Inductive Generalization
Authors: Yu Na‐Yung , Yamauchi Takashi , Yang Huei‐Fang , Chen Yen‐Lin , Gutierrez‐Osuna Ricardo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractJudging similarities among objects, events, and experiences is one of the most basic cognitive abilities, allowing us to make predictions and generalizations. The main assumption in similarity judgment is that people selectively attend to salient features of stimuli and judge their similarities on the basis of the common and distinct features of the stimuli. However, it is unclear how people select features from stimuli and how they weigh features. Here, we present a computational method that helps address these questions. Our procedure combines image‐processing techniques with a machine‐learning algorithm and assesses feature weights that can account for both similarity and categorization judgment data. Our analysis suggests that a small number of local features are particularly important to explain our behavioral data.
Interaction of Sesbania mosaic virus movement protein with the coat protein – implications for viral spread
Authors: Chowdhury Soumya Roy , Savithri Handanahal Subbarao 
Published: November 2010

Sesbania mosaic virus (SeMV) is a single‐stranded positive‐sense RNA plant virus belonging to the genus Sobemovirus. The movement protein (MP) encoded by SeMV ORF1 showed no significant sequence similarity with MPs of other genera, but showed 32% identity with the MP of Southern bean mosaic virus within the Sobemovirus genus. With a view to understanding the mechanism of cell‐to‐cell movement in sobemoviruses, the SeMV MP gene was cloned, over‐expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Interaction of the recombinant MP with the native virus (NV) was investigated by ELISA and pull‐down assays. It was observed that SeMV MP interacted with NV in a concentration‐ and pH‐dependent manner. Analysis of N‐ and C‐terminal deletion mutants of the MP showed that SeMV MP interacts with the NV through the N‐terminal 49 amino acid segment. Yeast two‐hybrid assays confirmed the in vitro observations, and suggested that SeMV might belong to the class of viruses that require MP and NV/coat protein for cell‐to‐cell movement.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐8050243: p53 (uniprotkb:P02340) physically interacts (MI:0915) with T‐Ag (uniprotkb:P03070) by two hybrid (MI:0018)
MINT‐8050226: MP (uniprotkb:Q9EB09) physically interacts (MI:0915) with CP (uniprotkb:Q9EB06) by two hybrid (MI:0018)
A phase II trial of weekly i.v. KW‐2170 in advanced castrate‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: DE SOUZA Paul L , NORTH Scott , BOLGER Graeme B , SPIRIDONIDIS Harris , LIM Robert , KHOO Kei Siong , PHILLIPS James , FUJIMORI Matt 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  KW‐2170 is a novel pyrazoloacridone derivative that intercalates nucleic acids. It has promising in vitro properties against prostate and other cancers and is active in vivo against doxorubicin‐resistant cell lines. We wished to investigate its activity and toxicity profile in this Phase II trial in androgen independent prostate cancer.Methods:  Overall 44 men were recruited to this multicenter, open label, non‐randomized study, with 35 evaluable for prostatic specific antigen (PSA) response.Results:  Five patients had a PSA fall greater than 50% (overall RR 14.3%, 95% CI 4.8–30.3%). Overall median survival was 16 months. In the evaluable group (n = 35), median survival was 18.9 months. The drug was very well tolerated, with the most common toxicities being hematological (anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia), alopecia, fatigue, and nausea. However, most of these were National Cancer Institute Grade 1 or 2; Grade 3 neutropenia occurred in only 11% of patients, and there was no Grade 4 neutropenia. Quality of life as measured by the FACT–P scale was not compromised.Conclusion:  KW‐2170 is a very well tolerated chemotherapy agent. It has a relatively low PSA response rate, and did not meet the pre‐specifed criteria for further studies.
Clinicopathological report: Bilateral choroidal metastases from papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: TRAN Khoi , BIGBY Kieron J , HUGHES Brett GM , LEE Lawrence , ALLISON Roger 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBilateral uveal metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma are extremely rare. A 36‐year‐old woman with a 12‐month history of papillary thyroid carcinoma presented with sudden loss of visual acuity and fields in the left eye. An examination and B‐scan revealed a large, solid choroidal lesion in the left eye causing exudative retinal detachment. A small solid mass was also observed in the right eye fundus. Following left eye enucleation, immunohistopathology confirmed metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. The authors report the third known case of bilateral choroidal metastases.
A phase I and II trial of epirubicin, cisplatin, 24‐hour infusion 5 fluorouracil and sodium folinate in patients with advanced esophagogastric carcinomas
Authors: KARAPETIS Christos S , CHEONG Kerry A , YIP Desmond , STRICKLAND Andrew H , STEER Christopher , MARX Gavin , YIP Sonia , CHRYSTAL Kathryn , HARPER Peter G 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  Advanced esophagogastric carcinoma has a poor prognosis. Palliative chemotherapy provides a survival advantage and improved quality of life. Epirubicin, cisplatin and continuous infusional 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) (ECF) is a well‐established chemotherapy regimen but a continuous chemotherapy infusion is not always feasible or acceptable.Methods:  We conducted a phase I and II trial of a modified version of ECF, utilizing 5‐FU as a 24‐h infusion on day 1 and day 8 of a 21‐day cycle, administered with sodium folinate as a modulator of 5‐FU (ECSF). In the phase I study the dose of 5‐FU was increased in successive cohorts from 1250 mg/m2, 1500 mg/m2, and 1750 mg/m2 to 2000 mg/m2 per 24 h.Results:  Dose limiting toxicity of febrile neutropenia was encountered at 2000 mg/m. The recommended dose for 5‐FU was 1750 mg/m2. Overall 29 patients were treated with ECSF of whom 27 were evaluable for toxicity. The response rate was 45% on an intention‐to‐treat analysis with a complete response rate of 3%. The median response rate was 4.1 months and the median survival was 10.7 months. A total of 23 patients (72%) obtained clinical benefit with improvement in dysphagia or weight gain. central venous catheter (CVC) complications were observed in 12 (41%) patients.Conclusion:  ECSF was associated with a response rate and survival similar to that reported with standard ECF. ECSF may provide an alternative regimen to standard ECF when a continuous ambulatory infusion pump is not feasible or not preferred by the patient. CVC complications are a limitation.
Impact of pharmacokinetic (CYP2C9) and pharmacodynamic (VKORC1, F7, GGCX, CALU, EPHX1) gene variants on the initiation and maintenance phases of phenprocoumon therapy
Authors: Luxembourg Beate , Schneider Katharina , Sittinger Katja , Toennes Stefan , Seifried Erhard , Lindhoff-Last Edelgard , Oldenburg Johannes , Geisen Christof 
Published: November 2010

SummaryCompared to warfarin, little is known about the effect of pharmacogenomics on the inter-individual variability of phenprocoumon therapy. In a retrospective cohort study, we investigated the impact of VKORC1 c.-1639G>A; CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3; GGCX c.214+597G>A; CALU c.*4A>G; EPHX1 c.337T>C; F7 c.-402G>A, and F7 c.-401G>T on the initiation (n=54) and maintenance phases (n=91) of phenprocoumon therapy. We assessed the following outcome parameters: time to stable international normalised ratio (INR), time to first supra-therapeutic INR, time out of INR range, probability of over-anticoagulation, number of anticoagulation clinic visits. During the initiation phase, homozygotes for the VKORC1 c.-1639 A and G alleles achieved stable INRs later (p<0.001), spent more time at supra-therapeutic INRs (p<0.001), had increased risks of over-anticoagulation (odds ratio 19.83, p=0.003 and 4.45, p=0.045, respectively), and had higher frequencies of anticoagulation clinic visits (p<0.001) compared to GA carriers. CYP2C9*2, *3 carriers reached stable INRs faster (p=0.024) with fewer anticoagulation clinic visits (p=0.001) than wild-type carriers. EPHX1 c.337 C carrier spent significantly more time above range in the initiation phase (p=0.023). GGCX, CALU, and F7 gene variants did not affect outcome parameters of the initiation phase and none of the genotypes had an impact on maintenance phase parameters. Compared to the VKORC1 genotype, early INR values were less informative in the prediction of outcome parameters such as time to stable INR and time above the INR range. Our study is limited by the retrospective study design with no standardised protocol in a usual care setting. Therefore, our findings should be validated in a larger, controlled prospective study.
Impaired Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake by [
18
F]Fluorodeoxyglucose–Positron Emission Tomography in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease and Intermittent Claudication
Authors: Pande Reena L. , Park Mi-Ae , Perlstein Todd S. , Desai Akshay S. , Doyle Jeanne , Navarrete Nicole , Copeland-Halperin Robert S. , Redline Whitney , Di Carli Marcelo F. , Creager Mark A. 
Published: November 2010

Objective—

Reduced limb perfusion from arterial stenosis does not adequately account for intermittent claudication symptoms in peripheral artery disease (PAD). Insulin resistance is associated with PAD and may contribute to claudication by impairing skeletal muscle metabolism. We aimed to determine whether skeletal muscle glucose uptake, assessed by [
18
F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, is reduced in patients with claudication.

Methods and Results—

Thirty-seven subjects with PAD and claudication and 11 healthy controls underwent [
18
F]fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography imaging of the legs during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Calf glucose uptake was quantified by graphical Patlak analysis, and whole-body insulin sensitivity was assessed as the glucose disposal rate (M) from the insulin clamp. Compared with healthy controls, PAD subjects were insulin resistant (M=3.4 mg/kg per minute [interquartile range, 2.7 to 4.8] versus 5.0 [3.7 to 6.6],
P
=0.019). Calf muscle glucose uptake was significantly lower in PAD compared with healthy subjects (48.6±2.6 μmol/kg per minute versus 62.9±6.5 μmol/kg per minute,
P
=0.009) and correlated with systemic insulin sensitivity (
r
=0.37,
P
=0.03) in PAD subjects. These abnormalities persisted even after exclusion of PAD subjects with diabetes.

Conclusion—
Patients with claudication have impaired calf muscle glucose uptake. Future studies are required to assess whether calf muscle insulin resistance contributes to exercise limitation in patients with intermittent claudication.
A preliminary investigation of insect succession on carrion in Calabria (southern Italy)
Authors: Brandmayr Pietro , Greco Silvia , Brandmayr Brandmayr Tullia Zetto , Bonacci Teresa , Tersaruolo Claudio , Vercillo Vannio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe present data from the first study of successional patterns of insect fauna in Calabria (southern Italy). The aim was to identify and qualitatively assess the major taxa of forensic importance in this region. Studies were conducted in autumn-winter 2006, summer 2007 and winter 2008 in the Botanical Garden, University of Calabria. Over 50 taxa were collected and identified. The most abundant fly species were Lucilia caesar (Linnaeus, 1758), L. sericata (Meigen, 1826), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, C. vomitoria (Linnaeus, 1758), Sarcophaga spp., Amobia sp ., Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758, and Muscina stabulans ((Fallén). The successional patterns, relative abundance of adult sarcosaprophagous insects, carcass decay, diversity and seasonality of species are described and the taxa useful for estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI) are identified. The data of this study could be very useful for further forensic investigations in southern Italy.
The fate of the Rocky Mountain locust, Melanoplus spretus Walsh: implications for conservation biology
Authors: Lockwood Jeff Rey 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Rocky Mountain locust, Melanoplus spretus, is believed to be extinct. Habitat destruction via the conversion of montane river valleys to agriculture in the late 1800s is the currently accepted explanation for the species' disappearance. In the last decade, questions have been raised concerning both the status of the locust and the causes for its extinction. The paper addresses the arguments for and against M. spretus being extinct. Assuming it is extinct, new possibilities accounting for its decline are considered, including changes in forest ecosystems in the 1800s and the role of metapopulation dynamics. The loss of the Rocky Mountain locust provides a valuable test case for the tactics of rewilding. A benefit-cost analysis reveals that only under a narrow set of conditions would a restoration of this species or a proxy be justified. How the species might have persisted is considered, along with the possibility that M. spretus could recover. The roles of climate change and micro-evolutionary processes are evaluated with respect to the locust's return. Finally, the discovery of a surviving remnant of the Rocky Mountain locust would raise important questions with respect to our understanding of endangered species and how the concept of 'pest' pertains to conservation biology.
Justice for Child Soldiers? The RUF Trial of the Special Court for Sierra Leone
Authors: Waschefort Gus 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Revolutionary United Front (RUF) was the primary agitator during the decade-long civil war that ravaged Sierra Leone. One of the hallmarks of RUF tactics was the abduction and military use of children. The Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) issued an indictment against the high-command of the RUF. Each of the accused was charged with the enlistment, conscription or use of child soldiers. The Prosecutor v. Sesay, Kallon and Gbao case (RUF case) provides a cogent account of the crime of conscripting or using children younger than fifteen in hostilities. This paper tracks the development of the growing child soldier jurisprudence and plots the contribution of the RUF case. Specific emphasis is placed on the Court's application of abstract concepts to concrete situations, e.g. the determination whether a specific instance of child soldier use amounts to the child's 'active participation in hostilities'. The paper follows a progression whereby the chapeau requirements of Article 4 of the Statute of the SCSL are first assessed and thereafter the actus reus and mens rea elements of the substantive crime of enlisting, conscripting or using children in hostilities are examined in light of the RUF case.
Dynamic changes in genome-wide histone H3 lysine 4 methylation patterns in response to dehydration stress in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: van Dijk Karin , Ding Yong , Malkaram Sridhar , Riethoven Jean-Jack M , Liu Rong , Yang Jingyi , Laczko Peter , Chen Han , Xia Yuannan , Ladunga Istvan , Avramova Zoya , Fromm Michael 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
The molecular mechanisms of genome reprogramming during transcriptional responses to stress are associated with specific chromatin modifications. Available data, however, describe histone modifications only at individual plant genes induced by stress. We have no knowledge of chromatin modifications taking place at genes whose transcription has been down-regulated or on the genome-wide chromatin modification patterns that occur during the plant's response to dehydration stress.

Results
Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing (ChIP-Seq) we established the whole-genome distribution patterns of histone H3 lysine 4 mono-, di-, and tri-methylation (H3K4me1, H3K4me2, and H3K4me3, respectively) in Arabidopsis thaliana during watered and dehydration stress conditions. In contrast to the relatively even distribution of H3 throughout the genome, the H3K4me1, H3K4me2, and H3K4me3 marks are predominantly located on genes. About 90% of annotated genes carry one or more of the H3K4 methylation marks. The H3K4me1 and H3K4me2 marks are more widely distributed (80% and 84%, respectively) than the H3K4me3 marks (62%), but the H3K4me2 and H3K4me1 levels changed only modestly during dehydration stress. By contrast, the H3K4me3 abundance changed robustly when transcripts levels from responding genes increased or decreased. In contrast to the prominent H3K4me3 peaks present at the 5'-ends of most transcribed genes, genes inducible by dehydration and ABA displayed atypically broader H3K4me3 distribution profiles that were present before and after the stress.

Conclusions
A higher number (90%) of annotated Arabidopsis genes carry one or more types of H3K4me marks than previously reported. During the response to dehydration stress the changes in H3K4me1, H3K4me2, and H3K4me3 patterns show different dynamics and specific patterns at up-regulated, down-regulated, and unaffected genes. The different behavior of each methylation mark during the response process illustrates that they have distinct roles in the transcriptional response of implicated genes. The broad H3K4me3 distribution profiles on nucleosomes of stress-induced genes uncovered a specific chromatin pattern associated with many of the genes involved in the dehydration stress response.