bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diel variation in stream fish habitat suitability criteria: implications for instream flow assessment
Authors: Davey Andrew J. H. , Booker Douglas J. , Kelly David J. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Habitat suitability criteria that fail to incorporate temporal variability in habitat preferences of stream fish may mis‐represent critical habitat requirements and lead to setting of inappropriate flow targets when used in instream flow assessments. Developing suitability criteria from daytime observations alone relies on the assumption that habitat preferences are constant over the diel cycle. Few studies have tested these assumptions, particularly for small‐bodied, cryptic, benthic species.
During summer in two gravel‐bed rivers, bluegill bullies (Gobiomorphus hubbsi), torrentfish (Cheimarrichthys fosteri) and upland bullies (Gobiomorphus breviceps) exhibited strong preferences with respect to water depth, velocity and substratum size. All three species underwent a diel shift in microhabitat preference for at least two of these variables.
Microhabitat preferences were generally weaker when fish were active at night; bluegill bullies, upland bullies and especially torrentfish were observed over a broader range of depths, velocities and substratum sizes at night than during the day. Observations of fish in a stream simulator confirmed that bluegill bullies and torrentfish showed a preference for runs at dusk and return to riffles before dawn, but habitat preferences of upland bullies remained static across the diel cycle.
Diel microhabitat shifts affected the assessment of flow requirements. Instream habitat analysis of the Waipara River using separate day and night suitability criteria predicted differing amounts of habitat available at a given flow, and the relationships between fish abundance, fish density and flow. The presence of diel microhabitat shifts in stream fishes suggests that instream habitat analyses will produce more effective and defensible flow recommendations when patterns of nocturnal microhabitat preferences are known and critical habitat bottlenecks can be identified. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case study on the change of customer satisfaction caused by outsourcing ticket sales
Authors: Ahn Seungbum , Kim Chansung , Park Dongjoo , Choo Sangho , Choi Jaisung 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe objective of this study is to compare and analyze rail stations with non‐outsourced rail stations in the ticket sales relating to customer satisfaction in Korea Railroad. For this purpose, first of all, the total satisfaction is compared among stations in Youngdeungpo area in Seoul. Second, to examine the difference between the outsourced stations and non‐outsourced stations, demographics are compared to measure the satisfaction degree. Third, the outsourced stations and non‐outsourced stations are compared regarding customer satisfaction. Fourth, the outsourced stations and non‐outsourced stations are compared in terms of importance for each service. It was found that customers were more satisfied with non‐outsourced station than the outsourced station, implying that the factors which make the difference are needed to be further investigated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fields and field cancerization: The preneoplastic origins of cancer
Authors: Rubin Harry 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMost basic research on cancer concerns genetic changes in benign and malignant tumors. Yet evidence indicates that the majority of the mutations in tumors occur in the preneoplastic field stage of their development. That early stage is represented by grossly invisible, broad regions of “field cancerization” which have not, heretofore, been operationally analyzed in cell culture. Conditions are described for quantitating preneoplasia by increased saturation density followed by progression to transformation. These parameters are driven by Darwinian selection of spontaneously occurring, cumulative mutations, in accordance with recent genomic analyses of human cancer, just as it is in the evolution of species. The cell culture model will allow correlation of the preneoplastic increases in saturation density with genetic changes, and development of methods for demarcating fields during surgery so that they can be excised along with the tumor, thereby reducing the possibility of recurrence at the site.
Bet hedging or not? A guide to proper classification of microbial survival strategies
Authors: de Jong Imke G. , Haccou Patsy , Kuipers Oscar P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBacteria have developed an impressive ability to survive and propagate in highly diverse and changing environments by evolving phenotypic heterogeneity. Phenotypic heterogeneity ensures that a subpopulation is well prepared for environmental changes. The expression bet hedging is commonly (but often incorrectly) used by molecular biologists to describe any observed phenotypic heterogeneity. In evolutionary biology, however, bet hedging denotes a risk‐spreading strategy displayed by isogenic populations that evolved in unpredictably changing environments. Opposed to other survival strategies, bet hedging evolves because the selection environment changes and favours different phenotypes at different times. Consequently, in bet hedging populations all phenotypes perform differently well at any time, depending on the selection pressures present. Moreover, bet hedging is the only strategy in which temporal variance of offspring numbers per individual is minimized. Our paper aims to provide a guide for the correct use of the term bet hedging in molecular biology.
A magnetic adsorbent‐based process for semi‐continuous PEGylation of proteins
Authors: Ottow Kim Ekelund , Lund‐Olesen Torsten , Maury Trine Lütken , Hansen Mikkel Fougt , Hobley Timothy J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA semi‐continuous magnetic particle‐based process for the controlled attachment of PEG (PEGylation) to proteins is described for the first time. Trypsin and 2 kDa mono‐activated PEG were used to systematically develop the steps in the process. Proof of concept was shown in a microfluidics system to minimize reagent consumption. Two streams containing (i) 1.2 g/L trypsin and (ii) 4 g/L magnetic adsorbents derivatized with the reversible affinity ligand benzamidine were pumped into a pipe reactor. At the exit, a third solution of activated PEG (0–40 g/L) was introduced and the solutions immediately fed into a second reactor. Upon exiting, the mixture was combined in a third reactor with a fourth stream of free amine groups to stop the reaction (50 mM lysine). The mixture continued into a high‐gradient magnetic separator where magnetic supports, with PEGylated trypsin still attached, were captured and washing and elution steps were subsequently carried out. Analysis of the conjugates (with SDS‐PAGE & LC‐MS) showed that the extent of PEGylation could be controlled by varying the reaction time or PEG concentration. Furthermore, the PEG‐conjugates had higher enzyme activity compared to PEGylation of non‐immobilized trypsin.
Synthesis, Characterization, and DNA Binding and Cleavage Properties of Copper(II)‐tryptophanphenyl­alanine‐1,10‐phenanthroline/2,2′‐bipyridine Complexes
Authors: Reddy Pulimamidi R. , Raju Nomula , Satyanarayana Battu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe mononuclear dipeptide‐based CuII complexes [CuII(trp‐phe)(phen)(H2O)] ⋅ ClO4 (1) and [CuII(trp‐phe)(bpy)(H2O)] ⋅ ClO4 (2) (trp‐phe=tryptophanphenylalanine, phen=1,10‐phenanthroline, bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) were isolated, and their interaction with DNA was studied. They exhibit intercalative mode of interaction with DNA. The intercalative interaction was quantified by SternVolmer quenching constant (Ksq=0.14 for 1 and 0.08 for 2). The CuII complexes convert supercoiled plasmid DNA into its nicked circular form hydrolytically at physiological conditions at a concentration as low as 5 μM (for 1) and 10 μM (for 2). The DNA hydrolysis rates at a complex concentration of 50 μM were determined as 1.74 h−1 (R=0.985) for 1 and 0.65 h−1 (R=0.965) for 2. The rate enhancement in the range of 2.40–4.10×107‐fold compared to non‐catalyzed double‐stranded DNA is significant. This was attributed to the presence of a H2O molecule in the axial position of the Cu complexes.
Chemical and Genetic Diversity of Zataria multifloraBoiss. Accessions Growing Wild in Iran
Authors: Hadian Javad , Ebrahimi Samad Nejad , Mirjalili Mohammad Hossein , Azizi Ali , Ranjbar Hamid , Friedt Wolfgang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractZataria multiflora Boiss. is an aromatic shrub belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Its aerial parts are used in the traditional medicine and in the pharmaceutical and food industries. The terpenoid and genetic profiles of 18 accessions of Z. multiflora, collected in different locations in Iran, have been analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS or by AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analyses, respectively. Altogether, 56 compounds were identified in the essential oils, with the major constituents being thymol (6.0–54.9%), carvacrol (0.7–50.6%), linalool (1.2–46.8%), and p‐cymene (1.6–14.8%). On the basis of the essential‐oil composition, the 18 accessions were divided into four groups. The first group was characterized by a high content of carvacrol, thymol, and linalool, the second group was dominated by carvacrol, thymol, and p‐cymene, the third group was characterized by a high concentration of thymol and a low content of carvacrol and p‐cymene, and the forth group contained linalool and carvacrol as the main components. The AFLP results revealed that the average genetic similarity (GS) between the accessions was 0.61, ranging from 0.40 to 0.77. The UPGMA (unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic mean) cluster analysis divided all accessions into five groups at a similarity level of 0.60. The two clusters generated, the first based on the essential‐oil compositions and the second on the AFLP data, showed a different pattern of relationships among the accessions. The knowledge of the Z. multiflora chemotype diversity, illustrated in this study, will allow an improvement of the homogeneity of the plant material for the production of different types of essential oils, depending on the demands of the pharmaceutical and food industries for specific uses.
SSTR1‐ and SSTR3‐Selective Somatostatin Analogues
Authors: Ramón Rosario , Martín‐Gago Pablo , Verdaguer Xavier , Macias Maria J. , Martin‐Malpartida Pau , Fernández‐Carneado Jimena , Gomez‐Caminals Marc , Ponsati Berta , López‐Ruiz Pilar , Cortés Maria Alicia , Colás Begoña , Riera Antoni 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe prepared the two enantiomers of 3‐(3′‐quinolyl)‐alanine (Qla,1) in multigram scale by asymmetric hydrogenation. These amino acids, protected as Fmoc derivatives, were then used in the solid‐phase synthesis of two new somatostatin 14 (SRIF‐14) analogues8 aand8 b, tetradecapeptides in which the tryptophan residue (Trp8) is replaced by one of the two enantiomers of 3‐(3′‐quinolyl)‐alanine (Qla8) and therefore lack the NH bond in residue 8. The selectivity of these new analogues for the somatostatin receptors, SSTR1–5, was measured. Substitution withL‐Qla8 yielded peptide8 a, which was highly selective for SSTR1 and SSTR3, with an affinity similar to that of SRIF‐14. Substitution byD‐Qla gave the relatively selective analogue8 b, which showed high affinity for SSTR3 and significant affinity for SSTR1, SSTR2 and SSTR5. The biological results demonstrate that bulky and electronically poor aromatic amino acids at position 8 are compatible with strong activity with SSTR1 and SSTR3. Remarkably, these high affinity levels were achieved with peptides in which the conformational mobility was increased with respect to that of SRIF‐14. This observation suggests that conformational rigidity is not required, and might be detrimental to the interaction with receptors SSTR1 and SSTR3. The absence of an indole N proton in Qla8 might also contribute to the increased flexibility observed in these analogues.
Carbohydrate Recognition at the Minor‐Groove of the Self‐Complementary Duplex d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 by a Synthetic Glyco‐oligoamide
Authors: Peñalver Pablo , Marcelo Filipa , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Vicent Cristina 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe structure of a neutral glyco‐conjugate β‐Gal‐Py‐γ‐Py‐Ind (1), designed as a probe for analyzing sugar–DNA interactions, when bound to a self‐complementary oligonucleotide duplex d(CGCG AATT CGCG)2 has been deduced by employing 1H NMR techniques. Analysis of the formed 1:1 complex demonstrated that the glycol ligand is bound in a hairpin‐like conformation in which both pyrrole aminoacid moieties are stacked, whereas the indole and the sugar residues are spatially close. The binding site is defined by the minor groove formed by the ‐AATT‐ stretch. In particular, the ‐Py‐γ‐Py‐ region of the ligand is sited near the A 5–A 6 oligonucleotide residues, whereas the indole and the sugar rings are next to the T 7–T 8 base pairs. More relevant, the existence of a variety of intermolecular NOE correlations permitted the close proximity of the sugar to the minor groove to be assessed, thus showing that the binding of the glycoconjugate at the minor groove is the origin of the specificity of the glycoconjugate–DNA interaction. The experimental NMR data have been combined with restrained and unrestrained molecular dynamics calculations, to provide the 3D structure of the complex.
Etiology of Syncope in Patients Hospitalized With Syncope and Predictors of Mortality and Rehospitalization for Syncope at 27‐Month Follow‐Up
Authors: Sule Sachin , Palaniswamy Chandrasekar , Aronow Wilbert S. , Ahn Chul , Peterson Stephen J. , Adapa Sreedhar , Mudambi Lakshmi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe authors investigated the etiologies of syncope and risk factors for mortality and rehospitalization for syncope at 27‐month follow‐up in 325 consecutive patients, mean age 66 years, hospitalized for syncope. The causes of syncope were diagnosed in 241 patients (74%). Of 325 patients, 13 (4%) were rehospitalized for syncope and 38 (12%) died. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that significant independent prognostic factors for rehospitalization for syncope were diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 5.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–20.4), atrial fibrillation (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.0–15.6), and smoking (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.3–16.8). Stepwise Cox regression analysis showed that significant independent prognostic factors for time to mortality were diabetes (hazard ratio [HR], 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4–5.2), coronary artery bypass graft surgery (HR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3–6.5), malignancy history (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2–5.2), narcotics use (HR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.7–9.8), smoking (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4–5.5), atrial fibrillation (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0–5.4), and volume depletion (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4–5.8). Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Suicidal imagery in a previously depressed community sample
Authors: Crane Catherine , Shah Dhruvi , Barnhofer Thorsten , Holmes Emily A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study sought to replicate previous findings of vivid suicide‐related imagery in previously suicidal patients in a community sample of adults with a history of depression. Twenty‐seven participants were interviewed regarding suicidal imagery. Seventeen participants reported prior suicidal ideation or behaviour in the clinical assessment, and the vast majority of these also reported experiencing suicide‐related imagery when at their most depressed and despairing, in many cases in the form of flash‐forwards to imagined future suicidal acts. Interestingly, five of the 10 participants who did not report suicidal ideation or behaviour in the clinical interview also described prominent imagery related to themes of death and suicide, but in several cases, these images were associated with meanings that seemed to act to reduce the likelihood of subsequent suicidal acts. Severity of prior suicidality was associated with lower levels of imagery‐related distress and higher levels of imagery‐related comfort. These findings support the idea that suicide‐related imagery is an important component in the phenomenology of depression and despair and hint at potentially important differences in the meaning associated with such imagery between those individuals who report experiencing suicidal ideation or behaviour when depressed and those who do not. The findings are consistent with Joiner's model of acquired capability for suicide through habituation to pain and fear of suicide and suggest that it may be useful to tackle such imagery directly in the treatment of suicidal patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Messages:• Individuals who experience depression often report vivid suicide‐related imagery.• Those with more severe suicidality report experiencing greater comfort and less distress associated with suicidal imagery at times of crisis.• Therapy for individuals with depression would benefit from directly addressing suicide‐related imagery.
Behavioral modeling of statistical phenomena of single‐photon avalanche diodes
Authors: Giustolisi G. , Mita R. , Palumbo G. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we present an accurate behavioral model for simulating single‐photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). The device operation is described using the Verilog‐A description language, which is an analog extension of the common digital hardware description language. The derived model is able to emulate the static, the dynamic behavior and the main statistical effects of an SPAD, such as the turn‐off probability, the dark‐count and the after‐pulsing phenomena. Spectre simulations reveal the validity of the approach showing a good matching between the behavior of the proposed model and experimental results reported in the literature. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mouse resources for craniofacial research
Authors: Murray Stephen A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe mouse, as a genetically defined and easily manipulated model organism, has played a critical role in unraveling the mechanisms of craniofacial development and dysmorphology. While numerous gene knockout strains that display craniofacial abnormalities and essential recombinase tool strains with craniofacial‐specific expression have been generated, many are absent from public repositories. Large‐scale, international resource‐generating initiatives promise to address this concern, providing a comprehensive set of targeted mutations and a suite of new Cre driver strains. In addition, panels of genetically defined strains provide tools to dissect the multigenic, complex nature of craniofacial development, adding to the foundation of information gained from single gene studies. Continued progress will require awareness and access to these essential mouse resources. In this review, current mouse resources, large‐scale efforts, and potential future directions will be outlined and discussed. genesis 49:190–199, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of 5‐Bromomethylfurfural from Cellulose as a Potential Intermediate for Biofuel
Authors: Kumari Nitee , Olesen Jens Kruse , Pedersen Christian M. , Bols Mikael 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCellulose can be converted into 5‐bromomethylfurfural (BMF), a brand new biofuel or biofuel intermediate, in 80 % yield by treatment with HBr and LiBr and continuous extraction with toluene. From other carbohydrates and straw, BMF was also obtained in high yields. The mechanism of BMF formation was investigated, and the results indicate that this furfural is formed during the depolymerization of cellulose and that glucose is not an intermediate.
Analysis of transfer‐limit induced power system security by Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Perninge Magnus , Söder Lennart 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYAdequate security margins are commonly applied in power systems by keeping predefined transfer limits through certain transmission corridors in the system. These limits are often set to keep thecriterion stating that the system should remain stable after the loss of any component. For many stability criteria such as, voltage stability, and voltage limits at specific nodes, the distribution of the injected power amongst the nodes of the system will be of vital importance. To incorporate this into the analysis of transfer limits the uncertainties in nodal loading and wind power production will have to be considered. In this article we propose a new method for generating samples of the power at all nodes given a set of transfers through specified corridors of the power system. It is then shown how the method can be used to evaluate the risk of violating the system stability limits induced by choosing a specific set of transfer limits. The method can be used in power system operations planning when setting the limits for trading and transfer between the different nodes of the power system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐objective micro‐grid planning by NSGA‐II in primary distribution system
Authors: Buayai K. , Ongsakul W. , Mithulananthan N. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThe paper proposes a two‐stage multi‐objective micro‐grid (MG) planning in a primary distribution system. In the first stage, the optimal region for micro‐grid is identified by the loss sensitivity factor. In the second stage, a Pareto‐based non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II) is proposed to determine locations and sizes of a specified number of distributed generator units (DGs) within MG. A fuzzy decision making analysis is used to obtain the final trade off optimal solution. The proposed methodology is tested on 33‐bus radial and 69‐bus closed‐loop distribution systems. Test results indicate that NSGA‐II is a viable planning tool for practical MG system and useful contribution of MG in improving distribution system performance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional connectivity in mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Mayer Andrew R. , Mannell Maggie V. , Ling Josef , Gasparovic Charles , Yeo Ronald A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives: Research suggests that the majority of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients exhibit both cognitive and emotional dysfunction within the first weeks of injury, followed by symptom resolution 3–6 months postinjury. The neuronal correlates of said dysfunction are difficult to detect with standard clinical neuroimaging, complicating differential diagnosis and early identification of patients who may not recover. This study examined whether resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides objective markers of injury and predicts cognitive, emotional, and somatic complaints in mTBI patients semiacutely (<3 weeks postinjury) and in late recovery (3–5 month) phases. Methods: Twenty‐seven semiacute mTBI patients and 26 gender, age, and education‐matched controls were studied. Fifteen of 27 patients returned for a follow‐up visit 3–5 months postinjury. The main dependent variables were spontaneous fluctuations (temporal correlation) in the default‐mode (DMN) and fronto‐parietal task‐related networks as measured by fMRI. Results: Significant differences in self‐reported cognitive, emotional, and somatic complaints were observed (all P < 0.05), despite normal clinical (T1 and T2) imaging and neuropsychological testing results. Mild TBI patients demonstrated decreased functional connectivity within the DMN and hyper‐connectivity between the DMN and lateral prefrontal cortex. Measures of functional connectivity exhibited high levels of sensitivity and specificity for patient classification and predicted cognitive complaints in the semi‐acute injury stage. However, no changes in functional connectivity were observed across a 4‐month recovery period. Conclusions: Abnormal connectivity between the DMN and frontal cortex may provide objective biomarkers of mTBI and underlie cognitive impairment. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.