bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Photoswitching Studies of Difurylperfluorocyclopentenes with Extended π‐Systems
Authors: Sysoiev Dmytro , Fedoseev Artem , Kim Youngsang , Exner Thomas E. , Boneberg Johannes , Huhn Thomas , Leiderer Paul , Scheer Elke , Groth Ulrich , Steiner Ulrich E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn an attempt to design molecular optoelectronic switches functioning in molecular junctions between two metal tips, we synthesized a set of photochromic compounds by extending the π‐system of 1,2‐bis‐(2‐methyl‐5‐formylfuran‐3‐yl)perfluorocyclopentene through suitable coupling reactions involving the formyl functions, thereby also introducing terminal groups with a binding capacity to gold. Avoiding the presence of gold‐binding sulphur atoms in the photoreactive centre, as they are present in the frequently used analogous thienyl compounds, the newly synthesized compounds should be more suitable for the purpose indicated. The kinetics of reversible photoswitching of the new compounds by UV and visible light was quantitatively investigated in solution. The role of conformational flexibility of the π‐system for the width of the UV/Vis spectra was clarified by using quantum chemical calculations with time‐dependent (TD)‐DFT. As a preliminary test of the potential of the new compounds to serve as optoelectronic molecular switches, monolayer formation and photochemical switching on gold surfaces was observed by using surface plasmon resonance.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Alkynyl‐Linked Phosphonium Borates
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxi , Lough Alan J. , Stephan Douglas W. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe phosphine tBu2PCCH (1) was reacted with B(C6F5) to give the zwitterionic species tBu2P(H)CCB(C6F5)3 (2). The analogous species tBu2P(Me)CCB(C6F5)3 (3), tBu2P(H)CCB(Cl)(C6F5)2 (4), tBu2P(H)CCB(H)(C6F5)2 (5), and tBu2P(Me)CCB(H)(C6F5)2 (6) were also prepared. The salt [tBu2P(H)CCB(C6F5)2(THF)][B(C6F5)4] (7) was prepared through abstraction of hydride by [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]. Species 5 reacted with the imine tBuNCHPh to give the borane–amine adduct tBu2PCCB[tBuN(H)CH2Ph](C6F5)2 (8). The related phosphine Mes2PCCH (9; Mes=C6H2Me3) was used to prepare [tBu3PH][Mes2PCCB(C6F5)3] (10) and generate Mes2PCCB(C6F5)2. The adduct Mes2PCCB(NCMe)(C6F5)2 (11) was isolated. Reaction of Mes2PCCB(C6F5)2 with H2 gave the zwitterionic product (C6F5)2(H)BC(H)C[P(H)Mes2][(C6F5)2BCCP(H)Mes2] (12). Reaction of tBu2PCCB(C6F5)2, a phosphine–borane generated in situ from 5, with 1‐hexene gave the species [tBu2PCCB(C6F5)2](CH2CHnBu)[tBu2PCCB(C6F5)2] (13) and subsequent reaction with methanol or hexene resulted in the formation of [tBu2P(H)CCB(C6F5)2](CH2CHnBu)[tBu2PCCB(C6F5)2](OMe) (14) or the macrocycle {[tBu2PCCB(C6F5)2](CH2CH2nBu)}2 (15), respectively. In a related fashion, the reaction of 13 with THF afforded the macrocycle [tBu2PCCB(C6F5)2](CH2CHnBu)[tBu2PCCB(C6F5)2][O(CH2)4] (16), although treatment of tBu2PCCB(C6F5)2 with THF lead to the formation of {[tBu2PCCB(C6F5)2][O(CH2)4]}2 (17). In a related example, the reaction of Mes2PCCB(C6F5)2 with PhCCH gave {[Mes2PCCB(C6F5)2](CHCPh)}2 (18). Compound 5 reacted with AlX3 (X=Cl, Br) to give addition to the alkynyl unit, affording (C6F5)2BC(H)C[P(H)tBu2](AlX3) (X=Cl 19, Br 20). In a similar fashion, 5 reacted with [Zn(C6F5)2]⋅C7H8, [Al(C6F5)3]⋅C7H8, or HB(C6F5)2 to give (C6F5)3BC(H)C[P(H)tBu2][Zn(C6F5)] (21), (C6F5)3BC(H)C[P(H)tBu2][Al(C6F5)2] (22), or [(C6F5)2B]2HCCH[P(H)tBu2] (23), respectively. The implications of this reactivity are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Characterization of the n = 4 Aurivillius Phase Bi5Ti3CrO15.
Authors: Giddings A. T. , Stennett M. C. , Reid D. P. , McCabe E. E. , Greaves C. , Hyatt N. C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Bi2O3, TiO2, and Cr2O3 (air, 800—1000 °C, 12 h; annealing at 1025 °C for 12 h in air).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, and Crystal and Electronic Structures of the New Zintl Phases Na2ACdSb2 and K2ACdSb2 (A: Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu, Yb): Structural Relationship with Yb2CdSb2 and the Solid Solutions Sr2‐xAxCdSb2, Ba2‐xAxCdSb2 and Eu2‐xYbxCdSb2.
Authors: Saparov Bayrammurad , Saito Maia , Bobev Svilen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNa2MCdSb2 and K2MCdSb2 (M: Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu, Yb) are synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of the metals (Nb tubes, 900 °C, 40 h) and the title solid solutions are prepared by reaction of the elements in a Pb flux (alumina crucible, 960 °C, 20 h).
ChemInform Abstract: L‐t‐Leucine‐Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Cyclic Ketones.
Authors: Kanemitsu Takuya , Umehara Atsushi , Miyazaki Michiko , Nagata Kazuhiro , Itoh Takashi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe L‐t‐leucine‐catalyzed direct asymmetric aldol reaction of cyclohexanone (I) with a variety of aromatic aldehydes provides the anti‐adducts (III) with moderate to good diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to 86% d.e.
ChemInform Abstract: (N‐Heterocyclic Carbene)‐Pd‐Catalyzed Anaerobic Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols and Domino Oxidation—Arylation Reactions.
Authors: Landers Brant , Berini Christophe , Wang Chao , Navarro Oscar 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIt is found that the Pd complexes (I) and (II) efficiently promote the title reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Gold Nanoparticle Catalyzed Deoxygenation of Amides, Sulfoxides, and Pyridine N‐Oxides.
Authors: Mikami Yusuke , Noujima Akifumi , Mitsudome Takato , Mizugaki Tomoo , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Kaneda Kiyotomi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAdvantages of the present catalyst system are excellent activity and selectivity (TON up to 10000), the easy handling and the reusability without any loss in efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Synthesis of N‐Vinylpyrrole, N‐Vinylindole and N‐Vinylcarbazole Derivatives
Authors: Karimi Zahra , Mosslemin Mohammad H. , Anary‐Abbasinejad Mohammad , Hassanabadi Alireza 
Published: May 2011

Abstractvia N‐methylimidazole catalyzed addition of acetylenedicarboxylates to the corresponding N‐heterocycles
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Cross‐Coupling of C—H Bonds with Grignard Reagents Through Cobalt Catalysis.
Authors: Li Bin , Wu Zhen‐Hua , Gu Yi‐Fan , Sun Chang‐Liang , Wang Bai‐Quan , Shi Zhang‐Jie 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe first highly regioselective cobalt‐catalyzed C—H transformation of benzo[h]quinoline and phenylpyridine derivatives with Grignard reagents is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ritter‐Type Reaction: Direct Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation at Nitrogen Atoms Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents.
Authors: Niedermann Katrin , Frueh Natalja , Vinogradova Ekaterina , Wiehn Matthias S. , Moreno Aitor , Togni Antonio 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHypervalent iodine reagent (II) is used for the electrophilic trifluoromethylation of acetonitrile in the presence of azoles using catalytic amounts of N‐(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Catalyzed/Titanium(IV)‐Mediated Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Dimerization of Enals.
Authors: Cohen Daniel T. , Cardinal‐David Benoit , Roberts John M. , Sarjeant Amy A. , Scheidt Karl A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn the presence of Ti(OiPr)4, NHC and TAB, enals like (I) undergo dimerization with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity yielding cyclopentenes of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Mannich Reactions with α‐Aryl Silyl Ketene Acetals and Imines.
Authors: Notte Gregory T. , Baxter Vu Jenny M. , Leighton James L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe reactions allow efficient asymmetric access to α‐aryl‐β‐hydrazido esters and α,α‐disubstituted β‐hydrazido nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Palladium Catalytic System for Microwave‐Assisted Cyanation of Aryl Halides.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Karami Kazem , Tavakoli Ghazal , Pirisedigh Azade 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA novel Pd catalyst is presented for the cyanation of aryl bromides, chlorides and iodides with K4Fe(CN)6.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thioethers via Metal‐Free Reductive Coupling of Tosylhydrazones with Thiols.
Authors: Ding Qiuping , Cao Banpeng , Yuan Jianjun , Liu Xianjin , Peng Yiyuan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractUnsymmetrical benzylic thioethers (III) and (VI) are prepared in moderate to good yields via a base‐promoted reductive coupling procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Dichromate Trihydrate (ZrCr2O7·3H2O) as an Efficient Reagent for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Thiosulfonates from Thiols.
Authors: Sobhani Sara , Aryanejad Sima , Maleki Mahdi Faal 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA simple procedure is developed for the chemoselective oxidation of aryl and alkyl thiols providing thiosulfonates in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted 3‐Iodofurans via Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling and Iodocyclization of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Chen Zhengwang , Huang Gao , Jiang Huanfeng , Huang Huawen , Pan Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe 3‐iodofurans are useful synthons for 2,3,5‐trisubstituted furans.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization of 2‐Alkynylallyl Alcohols to Highly Substituted Furans by Gold(I)—Carbene Complexes.
Authors: Hashmi A Stephen K. , Haeffner Tobias , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAlkynylallyl alcohols generated by Sonogashira coupling reactions can be smoothly converted into di‐ and tri‐substituted furan derivatives in the presence of only 1 mol% of a gold(I) catalyst under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Eco‐Friendly Method for the Aminomethylation of 3‐Substituted Oxindoles via Three‐Component Mannich Reaction in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Liu Xiong‐Li , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Yuan Wei‐Cheng 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFor some examples, the corresponding hydroxymethylation product is observed as the major component.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Benzoyloxylation of 3‐Aryloxindoles Using Chiral VAPOL Calcium Phosphate.
Authors: Zhang Zuhui , Zheng Wenhua , Antilla Jon C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe title reaction proceeds with high enantioselectivity and provides a novel and straightforward access to hydroxyoxindole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 1,3,5‐ and 1,3,4,5‐Substituted Pyrazoles via Acylation of N‐Boc‐N‐Substituted Hydrazones.
Authors: Tinarelli Alessandro , Righi Paolo , Rosini Goffredo , Andreotti Daniele , Profeta Roberto , Spada Simone 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAcylation of title hydrazones, e.g. (I), proceeds with either acyl chlorides or esters (II) to give hydrazones which undergo TFA‐promoted cyclization to pyrazoles like (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C—H Amination.
Authors: Barman Dipti N. , Nicholas Kenneth M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCyclization of carbamates and sulfamates towards tethered tertiary, secondary and benzylic C—H bonds proceeds readily in the system PhIO—Cu(I)—bis(imine) to give oxazole, oxazine, oxathiazole and oxathiazine derivatives in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐(5‐Sulfanyl‐1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one and 5‐Methyl‐1‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐6‐yl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxylic Acid.
Authors: Pokhodylo N. T. , Obushak N. D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe amino‐group of 6‐aminocoumarin (I) can be easily transformed into isothiocyanate and azide functions, which allow access to the title tetrazole (IV) and triazole (VII) derivative, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient Route to Highly Functionalized 2H‐Chromene‐2‐thiones via Ring Annulation of β‐Oxodithioesters Catalyzed by InCl3 under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Verma Rajiv Kumar , Verma Girijesh K. , Raghuvanshi Keshav , Singh Maya Shankar 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA variety of 3‐aroylchromene‐2‐thiones (III), (VI) and (IX) is prepared by In‐catalyzed cyclocondensation of o‐hydroxybenzaldehydes with β‐oxodithioesters (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed, Directing‐Group‐Assisted [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Imine and Alkynes.
Authors: Adak Laksmikanta , Chan Wei Chuen , Yoshikai Naohiko 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAldimines bearing a pyridyl group undergo nickel‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction with 2 alkyne molecules to afford dihydropyridine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐Controlled Synthesis of 1,4‐Benzothiazinones.
Authors: Ghailane Touria , Saadouni Mohammed , Boukhris Said , Habbadi Nouzha , Hassikou Amina , Kerbal Abdelali , Garrigues Bernard , Souizi Abdelaziz 
Published: May 2011

AbstractReaction of 2‐aminothiophenol with epoxides (II) in refluxing MeCN gives regioselectivity 2‐arylbenzothiazin‐3‐ones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Aminoborohydrides. Part 17. Palladium Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Iodides, Bromides, and Triflates with Diisopropylaminoborane Prepared from Lithium Diisopropylaminoborohydride.
Authors: Haddenham Dustin , Bailey Christopher L. , Vu Chau , Nepomuceno Gabby , Eagon Scott , Pasumansky Lubov , Singaram Bakthan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed Alcarez—Vaultier borylation of a wide range of aryl iodides (III), bromides (V) and triflates (I) with di(iso‐propyl)aminoborane is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Azetedine and Pyrrolidine Derivatives as Dual Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors and 5‐HT1A Partial Agonists.
Authors: Pettersson Martin , et al. et al. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOptimization of a recently developed dual norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and serotonin 1A partial agonist leads to the identification of an oxygen‐linked azetidine (I) or pyrrolidine derivative (II) as a suitable piperidine A‐ring replacement in this novel biaryl‐ether series.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Properties of an Amorphous Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Bennett Thomas D. , Goodwin Andrew L. , Dove Martin T. , Keen David A. , Tucker Matthew G. , Barney Emma R. , Soper Alan K. , Bithell Erica G. , Tan Jin‐Chong , Cheetham Anthony K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractReview: 30 refs.
The induction of anhydrobiosis in the sleeping chironomid: Current status of our knowledge
Authors: Cornette Richard , Kikawada Takahiro 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAn African chironomid, Polypedilum vanderplanki, is the only insect known to be capable of extreme desiccation tolerance, or anhydrobiosis. In the 1950s and 1960s, Hinton strenuously studied anhydrobiosis in this insect from a physiological standpoint; however, nobody has afterward investigated the phenomenon. In 2000, research on mechanisms underlying anhydrobiosis was resumed due to successful establishment of a rearing system for P. vanderplanki. This review is focused on the latest findings on the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of anhydrobiosis in P. vanderplanki. Early experiments demonstrated that the induction of anhydrobiosis was possible in isolated tissues and independent from the control of central nervous system. However, to achieve successful anhydrobiosis, larvae need a slow regime of desiccation, allowing them to synthesize molecules, which will protect cells and tissues against the deleterious effects of dehydration. Trehalose, a nonreducing disaccharide, which accumulates in P. vanderplanki larvae up to 20% of the dry body mass, is thought to replace the water in its tissues. Similarly, highly hydrophilic proteins called the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are expressed in huge quantities and act as a molecular shield to protect biological molecules against aggregation and denaturation. This function is shared by heat shock proteins, which are also upregulated during the desiccation process. At the same time, desiccating larvae express various antioxidant molecules and enzymes, to cope with the massive oxidative stress, which is responsible for general damage to membranes, proteins, and DNA in dehydrating cells. Finally, specific water channels, called aquaporins, accelerate dehydration, and trehalose together with LEA proteins forms a glassy matrix, which protects the biological molecules and the structural integrity of larvae in the anhydrobiotic state. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(6): 419–429, 2011
An evaluation of site‐specific immune responses directed against first‐generation adenoviral vectors administered by convection‐enhanced delivery
Authors: White Edward , Bienemann Alison , Taylor Hannah , Castrique Emma , Bunnun Chotirote , Wyatt Marcella , Gill Steven 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundDirect adenoviral vector injections into the brain have been used in clinical trials to treat patients with high‐grade gliomas. However, a recent phase 3 trial using first‐generation vectors failed to demonstrate significant survival benefits. Malignant gliomas infiltrate extensively through the white matter, making them difficult to treat, and chemotherapy is at best partially effective. Convection enhanced delivery (CED) represents a rationale approach for achieving widespread targeting of infiltrating tumour cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that infusions of particle numbers above a threshold level [108 plaque‐forming units (pfu)] are associated with a pronounced inflammatory response in rat grey matter, although no such comparisons have been made with CED infusions into the white matter.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated the distribution and immune response after the administration of 107 and 109 pfu of a first‐generation adenoviral vector (Ad.CMV.EGFP) by CED in both small and large animal models.ResultsWe show that Ad.CMV.EGFP can be efficiently distributed by CED over large volumes of brain. A threshold vector dose of between 107 and 109 pfu was seen in both rat striatum and white matter, above which transgene expression was lost at 30 days. Furthermore, all adenoviral infusions were associated with evidence of significant tissue damage, as demonstrated by loss of neurones and astrocytes or the presence of extensive astrocytosis.ConclusionsThese results indicate that CED is capable of mediating widespread adenoviral vector distribution, although these vectors are associated with significant tissue toxicity that may render their safe application in clinical trials unfeasible. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐component synthesis of spiro[indoline‐3,5′‐pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinoline]‐triones in water
Authors: Jadidi Khosrow , Ghahremanzadeh Ramin , Mirzaei Peiman , Bazgir Ayoob 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA one‐pot, three‐component method for the efficient and simple synthesis of novel 2′‐amino‐8′,9′‐dihydro‐3′H‐spiro[indoline‐3,5′‐pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinoline]‐2,4′,6′(7′H,10′H)‐trione derivatives in aqueous media is reported. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
The morphology of the squirrel spermatozoon: A highly complex male gamete with a massive acrosome
Authors: Breed William G. , Tan Serica , Leigh Chrisopher M. , Aplin Ken P. , Dvorakova‐Hortova, Katerina , Moore Harry D.M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study describes the morphology of the spermatozoon from the cauda epididymidis of representative members of two squirrel subfamilies, the Sciurinae and Callosciurinae, as determined by fluorescent, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. All species examined possess a massive apical segment of the sperm acrosome. It varied markedly in the extent of its caudal flexion but was always much larger, and more complex, than that of the spermatozoon of most other rodents so far documented, although somewhat similar to that of some hystricomorph species. Because this sperm form appears to be present within at least two of the three major living clades of Rodentia, it is possible that it is the ancestral condition within this mammalian order. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biomechanical effect of increasing or decreasing degrees of freedom for surgery of trapeziometacarpal joint arthritis: A simulation study
Authors: Domalain Mathieu F. , Seitz William H. , Evans Peter J. , Li Zong‐Ming 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOsteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint can be treated by arthrodesis and arthroplasty, which potentially decreases or increases the degrees of freedom (DoF) of the joint, respectively. The aim of our study was to bring novel biomechanical insights into these joint surgery procedures by investigating the influence of DoF at the TMC joint on muscle and joint forces in the thumb. A musculoskeletal model of the thumb was developed to equilibrate a 1 N external force in various directions while the thumb assumed key and pulp pinch postures. Muscle and joint forces were computed with an optimization method. In comparison to that of the 2‐DoF (intact joint) condition, muscle forces slightly decreased in the 0‐DoF (arthrodesis) condition, but drastically increased in the 3‐DoF (arthroplasty) condition. TMC joint forces in the 3‐DoF condition were 12 times larger than the 2‐DoF joint. This study contributes to a further understanding of the biomechanics of the intact and surgically repaired TMC joint and addresses the biomechanical consequences of changing a joint's DoF by surgery. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:1675–1681, 2011
Effects of black bear relocation on elk calf recruitment at Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Authors: Yarkovich Joseph , Clark Joseph D. , Murrow Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPrevious research from 2001 to 2006 on an experimentally released elk (Cervus elaphus) population at Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP or Park) indicated that calf recruitment (i.e., calves reaching 1 yr of age per adult female elk) was low (0.306, total SE = 0.090) resulting in low or negative population growth (λ = 0.996, 95% CI = 0.945–1.047). Black bear (Ursus americanus) predation was the primary calf mortality factor. From 2006 to 2008, we trapped and relocated 49 bears (30 of which were radiocollared) from the primary calving areas in the Park and radiomonitored 67 (28 M:39 F) adult elk and 42 calves to compare vital rates and population growth with the earlier study. A model with annual calf recruitment rate correlating with the number of bears relocated each year was supported (ΔAICc = 0.000; β = 0.070, 95% CI = 0.028–0.112) and a model with annual calf recruitment differing from before to during bear relocation revealed an increase to 0.544 (total SE = 0.098; β = −1.092, 95% CI = −1.180 to −0.375). Using vital rates and estimates of process standard errors observed during our study, 25‐yr simulations maintained a mean positive growth rate in 100% of the stochastic trials with λ averaging 1.118 (95% CI = 1.096–1.140), an increase compared with rates before bear relocation. A life table response experiment revealed that increases in population growth were mostly (67.1%) due to changes in calf recruitment. We speculate that behavioral adaptation of the elk since release also contributed to the observed increases in recruitment and population growth. Our results suggest that managers interested in elk reintroduction within bear range should consider bear relocation as a temporary means of increasing calf recruitment. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Some fundamental geometric and topological properties of generalized Orlicz‐Lorentz function spaces
Authors: Foralewski Paweł 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGeneralized Orlicz‐Lorentz function spaces Λφ generated by Musielak‐Orlicz functions φ satisfying some growth and regularity conditions (cf. 34 and 38) are investigated. A regularity condition \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\Delta ^{\Lambda }_{2}$\end{document} for φ is defined in such a way that it guarantees many positive topological and geometric properties of Λφ. The problems of the Fatou property, order continuity (separability) and the Kadec‐Klee property with respect to the local convergence in measure of Λφ are considered. Moreover, some embeddings between Λφ and their two subspaces are established and strict monotonicity as well as lower and upper local uniform monotonicities are characterized. Finally, necessary and sufficient conditions for rotundity of Λφ are presented. This paper generalizes the results from 20. Analogous results in the sequence case were presented in 10 and 11, but the techniques in the function case are different. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim