bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ball tip technique for thoracic pedicle screw placement in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Watanabe Kota , Matsumoto Morio , Tsuji Takashi , Ishii Ken , Takaishi Hironari , Nakamura Masaya , Toyama Yoshiaki , Chiba Kazuhiro 
Published: February 2011

Object
The aim in this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the ball tip technique in placing thoracic pedicle screws (TPSs), as compared with the conventional freehand technique, in both a cadaveric study and a clinical study of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Although posterior spinal surgery using TPSs has been widely applied, these screws are associated with the potential risk of vascular, pulmonary, or neurological complications. To further enhance the accuracy and safety of TPS placement, the authors developed the ball tip technique.

Methods
After creating an appropriate starting point for probe insertion, a specially designed ball tip probe consisting of a ball-shaped tip with a flexible metal shaft is used to make a guide hole into the pedicle. Holding the probe with the fingertips while using an appropriate amount of pressure or by tapping it gently and continuously with a hammer, one can safely insert the ball tip probe into the cancellous channel in the pedicle.
In a cadaveric study, 5 spine fellows with similar levels of experience in placing TPSs applied the ball tip or the conventional technique to place screws in 5 cadavers with no spinal deformities. The incidence of misplaced screws was evaluated by dissecting the spines. In a clinical study, 40 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis underwent posterior surgery with TPS placement via the ball tip or conventional technique (20 patients in each treatment group). The accuracy of the TPS placements was evaluated on postoperative axial CT scanning.

Results
In the cadaveric study, 100 TPSs were evaluated, and the incidence of misplaced screws was 14% in the ball tip group and 34% in the conventional group (p = 0.0192). In the clinical study, 574 TPSs were evaluated. One hundred seventy-one intrapedicular screws (67%) were recognized in the conventional group and 288 (90%) in the ball tip group (p < 0.01). In the conventional and ball tip groups, the respective numbers of TPSs with a pedicle breach of ≤ 2 mm were 20 (8%) and 15 (5%), those with a pedicle breach of > 2 mm were 32 (13%) and 9 (3%; p < 0.01), and those located in the costovertebral joints were 32 (13%) and 7 (2%).

Conclusions
In both cadaveric and clinical studies the ball tip technique enhanced the accuracy of TPS placement as compared with the conventional freehand technique. Thus, the ball tip technique is useful for the accurate and safe placement of TPSs in deformed spines.
Topographic relationship between the medial intermuscular septum and the ulnar nerve in the upper arm
Authors: Won Hyung-Sun , Han Seung-Ho , Oh Chang-Seok , Chung In-Hyuk , Kim Seung Min , Lim So Young 
Published: February 2011

Object
The authors have observed that the ulnar nerve (UN) passes through the medial intermuscular septum (MIMS) into the posterior compartment of the upper arm in more complicated patterns than those described in anatomy textbooks. Given that these unreported patterns might be related to the idiopathic UN entrapment at the midarm, this study focused on the relationship between the MIMS and the UN.

Methods
One hundred upper arms were dissected. The site at which the UN pierced the MIMS was analyzed and measured from the medial epicondyle.

Results
The relationship between the MIMS and the UN could be classified into 3 types according to whether the nerve pierced the MIMS and whether it ran through a fibrous tunnel within the septum. The UN pierced the MIMS in the middle third of the upper arm.

Conclusions
The results of this study are expected to further understanding of the relationship between the MIMS and the UN. They could also be helpful for surgeons aiming to relieve UN entrapment at the midarm, especially in nerve lesions of idiopathic origin.
Localization of focal epileptic discharges using functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Stufflebeam Steven M. , Liu Hesheng , Sepulcre Jorge , Tanaka Naoaki , Buckner Randy L. , Madsen Joseph R. 
Published: February 2011

Object
In patients with medically refractory epilepsy the accurate localization of the seizure onset zone is critical for successful surgical treatment. The object of this study was to investigate whether the degree of coupling of spontaneous brain activity as measured with functional connectivity MR imaging (fcMR imaging) can accurately identify and localize epileptic discharges.

Methods
The authors studied 6 patients who underwent fcMR imaging presurgical mapping and subsequently underwent invasive electroencephalography.

Results
Focal regions of statistically significant increases in connectivity were identified in 5 patients when compared with an ad hoc normative sample of 300 controls. The foci identified by fcMR imaging overlapped the epileptogenic areas identified by invasive encephalography in all 5 patients.

Conclusions
These results suggest that fcMR imaging may provide an effective high–spatial resolution and noninvasive method of localizing epileptic discharges in patients with refractory epilepsy.
Does developmental canal stenosis influence surgical results of bilateral open-door laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy?
Authors: Shigematsu Hideki , Ueda Yurito , Koizumi Munehisa , Takeshima Toshichika , Tanaka Yasuhito , Satoh Nobuhisa , Matsumori Hiroaki , Oshima Takuya , Matsuyama Etsuhiro , Kugai Atsuo , Takakura Yoshinori 
Published: February 2011

ObjectThe purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of developmental canal stenosis in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), and the correlation between surgical results and degree of developmental canal stenosis.MethodsA total of 112 patients who eventually had surgical treatment for CSM were evaluated. Male patients whose sagittal spinal diameter was < 14 mm and females whose sagittal diameter was < 13 mm even at one level were classified as having developmental canal stenosis. Two groups of patients were used in this study; the “positive” group (57 cases) included patients with developmental canal stenosis preoperatively, whereas the “negative” group (55 cases) excluded such patients. Lateral functional radiographs obtained in patients in the 2 groups were compared for range of motion and clinical results.ResultsDevelopmental canal stenosis was found in 50.9% of all cases. Based on clinical results, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups.ConclusionsPatients with CSM showed a high incidence of preoperative developmental canal stenosis. However, there were no significant differences in clinical results between patients with and without this disorder. These results indicate that developmental canal stenosis is not a factor that influences surgical results.
Posterior stabilization strategies following resection of cervicothoracic junction tumors: review of 90 consecutive cases
Authors: Placantonakis Dimitris G. , Laufer Ilya , Wang Jeremy C. , Beria Jasmine S. , Boland Patrick , Bilsky Mark 
Published: February 2011

Object
In this retrospective analysis the authors describe the assessment and outcomes of 90 patients who underwent placement of posterior instrumentation at the cervicothoracic junction following the resection of a primary or metastatic tumor during a 10-year period.

Methods
All patients underwent a posterolateral laminectomy including uni- or bilateral facetectomy, and 44 patients additionally required vertebral body resection and reconstruction. In patients who underwent C-6 or C-7 decompression, the posterior instrumentation strategies changed from the use of lateral mass plate systems (LMPSs) to lateral mass screw/rod systems (LMSRSs). Similarly, for T1–3 tumor decompression, the strategy shifted from sublaminar hook/rod systems (SHRSs) to the use of pedicle screw systems (PSSs) in which the surgeon used either a 6.25-mm rod or dual-diameter rods with or without a connector.

Results
The overall surgical complication rate was 19% including fixation failure in 11 patients (12%), 6 of whom required reoperation. Fixation failure rates for cervical decompression decreased from 2 (29%) of 7 patients in the LMPS group to 0 (0%) of 8 in the LMSRS group (p = 0.2). The fixation failure rates for thoracic decompression were 7 (15%) of 48 patients in the SHRS group, and there was a decrease to 2 (7%) of 27 in the PSS group (p = 0.48). Neurological and functional outcomes including American Spinal Injury Association, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, and Medical Research Council muscle strength and pain scores remained stable or improved in 94, 96, 100, and 96% of patients, respectively.

Conclusions
Current posterior instrumentation strategies involving LMSRSs and PSSs provide excellent and safe stabilization of the cervicothoracic junction following resection of primary or metastatic tumors.
Surgical treatment for delayed pyogenic spondylitis after percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty
Authors: Shin Jae-Hyuk , Ha Kee-Yong , Kim Ki-Won , Lee Jun-Seok , Joo Min-Wook 
Published: February 2011

Only 6 cases of pyogenic spondylitis following vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty have been reported, and their causes remained unclear. The authors report on 4 cases of delayed pyogenic spondylitis (DPS) following vertebroplasty or ky-phoplasty for osteoporotic compression fractures and metastatic disease.Four patients presented with DPS after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty and underwent surgical treatment. Clinical history, laboratory examination, and MR imaging confirmed the diagnosis of DPS. Anterior debridement, reconstruction, and posterior instrumented fusion were performed.The mean interval for the delayed occurrence of pyogenic spondylitis after surgery was 12.3 months. The infections were primarily bacterial in origin, but most patients also suffered diverse medical comorbidities. Despite successful treatment of the infections, comorbidity was and is a factor that compromises good results.Medical comorbidities associated with compromised immunity may increase susceptibility to DPS after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. In cases of incapacitating back pain after a pain-free period following either of these surgeries, evaluation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level and examination of contrast-enhanced MR imaging studies are essential to rule out delayed vertebral infection. Surgical treatment requires cement removal and anterior reconstruction with or without additional posterior instrumented fusion.
Biomechanical evaluation of conventional anulus fibrosus closure methods required for nucleus replacement
Authors: Heuer Frank , Ulrich Sina , Claes Lutz , Wilke Hans-Joachim 
Published: February 2011

Object
Nucleus replacement implants became increasingly attractive as an alternative to fusion, discectomy, or total disc replacement. The goals of nucleus replacement are to restore disc height and flexibility and to preserve the anatomy. However, implant extrusions have been reported and are the major concern. In this study the authors investigated different conventional surgical methods for anulus closure: suture alone, and fibrin glue and cyanoacrylate glue, alone and with suture.

Methods
The in vitro testing was conducted using 30 lumbar spinal segments obtained from calves. In each specimen, an incision was made; the nucleus was removed and subsequently replaced by a collagen matrix. The incisions were treated with anulus closure methods in 5 groups of animals. Flexibility was assessed in a spine tester. Subsequently, specimens were exposed to cyclic fatigue loading by using a hydraulic loading frame. Specimens were excentrically loaded in sine waveform up to a maximum of 100,000 cycles with 4–24 Nm at 5 Hz while being rotated at 360°/minute.

Results
Removal of the nucleus caused a significant loss of stability. The segmental stability could be restored after the implantation. Fatigue testing indicated that suturing was able to sustain 3400 cycles. Fibrin glue failed earlier than cyanoacrylate glue. Both combinations (suture with glue) provided longer stability to the anulus closure.

Conclusions
The results suggested that closing the anulus incision with suture or fibrin glue alone might not be appropriate. The authors found that the best method was cyanoacrylate glue with suture. Although this method provided the longest duration of closure, it could not sustain the maximum number of fatigue cycles. Conventional methods could improve the outcome compared with using no closure. Nonetheless, the authors' findings highlight the demand for an appropriate anulus reconstruction method or device with good long-term reliability.
Us et abus de la névrose libérale dans les institutions
Authors: Liaudet Jean-Claude 
Published: February 2011

Use and abuse of conservative neurosis in institutions. Dans leurs interventions, les consultants ont aujourd’hui affaire à une économie psychique que l’on qualifie ici de névrose collective libérale. Ses quatre trait principaux sont : l’individualisme compris comme mégalomanie (absence d’idéaux transcendants) ; la liberté comme toute puissance perverse (au-dessus des lois) ; l’utilitarisme comme valeur des valeurs ; la richesse économique comme souverain bien. Ces traits renvoient à une logique sadique-anale caractéristique de la perversité. Les défenses perverses que le consultant doit entendre se manifestent par le clivage de la pensée, le besoin de maîtrise, la passion de faire de son désir un semblant de loi à imposer à autrui, la haine de l’autorité ; lesquelles défenses se traduisent notamment par des jeux de langage qu’il doit savoir décoder. L’évaluation et les systèmes qualité sont un parfait exemple de symptôme pervers : ils se présentent comme un processus méthodique et rationnel permettant d’ajuster les moyens aux fins en toute impersonnalité et sans rapport apparent d’autorité. Afin de ne pas faire écho au registre pervers, le consultant doit définir un cadre d’intervention précis, mettre en relief la structure interne de l’institution, restituer des idéaux et du sens, favoriser l’intersubjectivité.
Le néolibéralisme au mépris du collectif.
Authors: Charazac Vincent 
Published: February 2011

Neoconservatism disregarding the social collective: Suffering at work, management by objectives, and the disintegration of the group Le néolibéralisme économique a trouvé dans le « management par objectifs » un levier de changement radical et accéléré des organisations. Comment cette nouvelle pratique de direction des hommes au travail s’applique-t-elle à la configuration groupale ? En quoi ses modalités de mise en œuvre au quotidien pourraient-elles contribuer à expliquer certains aspects de la souffrance professionnelle ? L’auteur distingue quatre logiques spécifiques au management par objectifs et incompatibles avec l’œuvre collective : individualisation, mobilité/flexibilité, rejet et combat ; il analyse l’émergence simultanée de personnalités narcissiques.
Intervenir auprès d'une équipe soignante en crise dans un dispensaire en Nouvelle-Calédonie
Authors: Thibouville Grégoire 
Published: February 2011

Crisis intervention with a caretaking team in a New Caledonian clinic Cet article parle de l’expérience d’un jeune praticien de groupe qui, poussé par son désir de « prendre soin » d’une équipe en plein trauma, rend compte des difficultés, du questionnement et du cheminement parcouru pour aménager, créer et mettre en place un dispositif de travail collectif. Est donc partagée la co-construction de la demande, de son analyse ainsi que la mise en place progressive du dispositif et de sa dynamique. Les répercussions psychiques individuelles, intersubjectives et groupales de cette crise du collectif créent une véritable paralysie de penser [panser] ensemble. C’est ainsi que, confronté à un écueil dans la mise en place de son action, pour le contourner, il a fallu imaginer un moyen, un « sas transitionnel » pour aider au mieux cette équipe soignante. C’est donc dans le contexte singulier de ce dispensaire de brousse qu’est interrogée l’importance d’une réflexion en amont indispensable avant toute intervention groupale afin d’éviter, si possible, la mise en péril d’un espace d’analyse et d’élaboration pour les professionnels.
L'artisanat, figure anticipatrice d'un nouvel entrepreneuriat
Authors: Cognie Florence , Aballéa François 
Published: February 2011

Résumé L’entrepreneur est la figure positive du capitalisme contemporain. En revanche, en dépit des efforts des Institutions des Métiers qui mettent l’accent sur la dimension entrepreneuriale du chef de l’entreprise artisanale, l’artisan même s’il bénéficie d’une image positive dans le grand public, n’est pas perçu comme innovant et n’est pas appréhendé comme s’inscrivant dans la tradition schumpétérienne de l’entrepreneur. Son ancrage local et social est fréquemment considéré comme passéiste et inadapté à la globalisation, symbole de repli sur soi, d’enfermement. Pourtant, retravaillant le concept de proximité sous ses diverses dimensions, nous montrerons comment cette relation à la proximité inscrit l’artisan dans « le nouvel esprit du capitalisme » (Boltanski et Chiapello, 1999) et fait de l’entreprise artisanale, de son mode d’organisation et de gestion une figure singulière et anticipatrice des nouvelles structures productives et de leur management. En même temps que ces dernières, lui imposent de se transformer.
Dynamiques associatives et transformations des territoires
Authors: Fourdrignier Marc 
Published: February 2011

Résumé Un travail d’observation d’une dizaine d’années dans un pays des Ardennes sert de base à l’analyse des interactions entre les transformations institutionnelles, liées au développement de l’intercommunalité et de la démarche de pays, et les dynamiques associatives. Sont mises en évidence les trois types de stratégies qui en résultent : l’adaptation, la substitution et la collaboration.
« La réformation est l'événement majeur de cette époque » : Chateaubriand et les trois vérités de la réforme
Authors: Maira Daniel 
Published: February 2011

A l’instar de plusieurs historiens contemporains, Chateaubriand soutient que la Réforme est « l’événement majeur » des temps modernes, mais la valeur qu’il affecte à la Réforme dans sa construction et périodisation du XVI e siècle reste à définir. Dans les Etudes historiques (1831), les libertés modernes procèdent de l’ajustement organique et permanent de trois vérités, à savoir les vérités religieuse (le catholicisme), philosophique (l’indépendance de l’esprit de l’homme) et politique (la liberté du droit naturel). Il faudra alors étudier comment ces trois vérités se définissent par rapport à la Réforme, et comment Chateaubriand explique l’influence et les conséquences que la religion protestante a pu avoir « pour l’esprit humain, pour les lettres, les arts et les gouvernements » : la Réforme sera perçue alors comme un « contre-génie » du christianisme.
Metabolic Implications of Hepatitis C Virus Infection and it's Correlation to Steatohepatitis in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mansour Howaida Elsayed , Farouk Hanan Mohamed , Abdurrahman Maryam Ahmad , Mostafa Afaf Abdelaleem , Hassan Iman M. Aly , Zarouk Waheba A. 
Published: February 2011

Background Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is not a simple viral infection; it has many metabolic and autoimmune complications. Objective To investigate the impacts of chronic HCV infection on glucose and lipid metabolism and its correlation-if any-with body mass index (BMI) and hepatosteatosis in chronic HCV patients. Patients and Methods One hundred and three (103) chronic HCV patients were involved in this study. After blood sugar testing patients were classified into three groups; Group I: 68 chronic HCV patients with type 2 diabetes. Group II: 35 chronic HCV patients without Type 2 Diabetes and Group III: 25 patients with Type 2 Diabetes as a control group. With informed written consents and approval from Ain Shams medical ethics committee, all groups were subjected to the following: full history taking, thorough clinical examination, calculation of BMI, and measurement of the waist/hip ratio were done. Assessment of fasting plasma insulin level was done by the immune-enzymatic method. Assessment of the insulin resistance state was done by Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). Detection of anti-HCV was done by the 3rd generation ELISA test and confirmed by qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Diabetic and non diabetic chronic HCV patients were found to have significantly higher fasting plasma insulin levels and insulin resistance states than the control group. This insulin resistance was not due to increased body mass index as there was a non significant difference in BMI between all the studied groups. Positive correlations were found between plasma insulin level, liver enzymes and steatohepatitis in HCV patients whether they were diabetic or not. No correlation was found between BMI and plasma insulin level in group II patients (HCV only). Conclusion Chronic HCV infection may be regarded as an independent risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. HCV induces insulin resistance; the key step for glucose intolerance, and virus C induced steatohepatitis therefore leading to faster progression to cirrhosis. The impacts of chronic HCV infection on glucose and lipid metabolism should be recognized in clinical care centers and addressed in future studies.
Decreased Serum Cu/Zn SOD Associated with High Copper in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Russo A.J. 
Published: February 2011

Aim To assess serum Cu/Zn SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) concentration in children with ADHD and evaluate its possible relationship to Cu and Zn levels. Subjects and methods Serum from 22 children with ADHD and 20 healthy control children without ADHD and 19 autistic children without ADHD were tested for Cu/Zn SOD using ELISAs and levels of serum Cu and Zn using inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results Serum Cu/Zn SOD levels of ADHD children were significantly lower than age and gender matched healthy non-ADHD controls ( P < 0.001). Serum Cu/Zn SOD of ADHD children was significantly lower in individuals with high serum copper ( P = 0.024). There was no significant correlation between Cu/Zn SOD levels and Zinc or Cu/Zn in ADHD individuals. Discussion These results suggest an association between Cu/Zn SOD serum levels and ADHD, particularly ADHD children with high serum copper.
Is Persistent Visual Neglect Associated with Poor Survival?
Authors: Jehkonen M. , Laihosalo M. , Saunamäki T. , Koivisto A-M. , Dastidar P. , Ahonen J-P. 
Published: February 2011

BackgroundThe association of visual neglect with survival after right hemisphere (RH) stroke has received only limited attention.ObjectiveThis study explores the relationship of visual neglect and its spontaneous recovery to survival in a homogenous patient group with first-ever RH stroke.MethodsFifty-one RH stroke patients who suffered an infarct between 1994 and 1997 were retrospectively followed for survival until August 31, 2009. Acute-phase neurological, neuropsychological and neuroradiological data were studied to identify predictors of survival.ResultsTwenty-eight patients died during the follow-up. Age, education, and poor recovery of visual neglect emerged as significant single predictors of death. The best set of predictors for poor survival in the multivariate model was poor recovery of visual neglect and low education.ConclusionsPoor recovery of visual neglect is associated with long-term mortality in RH infarct patients. The follow-up of RH patients’ neuropsychological performance gives additional information about the prognosis.