bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary fibre intake during adolescence on the components of the metabolic syndrome at the age of 36 years: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study
Authors: Veldhuis L. , Koppes L. L. J , Driessen M. T , Samoocha D. , Twisk J. W. R 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is increasing, especially in young individuals. Most of the previous studies that have investigated the association between dietary fibre intake and the metabolic syndrome are cross‐sectional or of short duration, and their results are inconsistent. The present study investigated whether dietary fibre intake during adolescence has a protective effect on developing the metabolic syndrome as an adult.Methods:  Data on dietary intake and metabolic syndrome components were derived from a healthy sample of 174 men and 194 women who were followed‐up from the age of 13 years onwards in the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. Data were analysed with use of generalised estimating equations and linear regression analyses.Results:  The mean dietary fibre intake was 9.9 g/4.0 MJ (1000 kcal) during adolescence and 10.8 g/4.0 MJ (1000 kcal) at age 36 years. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome at age 36 years was 10.1%. No differences were found in the time‐course of dietary fibre intake between subjects with and those without the metabolic syndrome or its components. Dietary fibre intake during adolescence was not related to the components of the metabolic syndrome at age 36 years, except for an inverse relationship with waist circumference, where a gram/4.0 MJ (1000 kcal) higher fibre intake was associated with a 0.44 cm smaller waist circumference (P = 0.03, 95% CI −0.85 to −0.04).Conclusions:  The present study found no association between dietary fibre intake and the metabolic syndrome in young adults. High fibre intake, however, was inversely associated with waist circumference.
Potential CYP2C9‐mediated drug–drug interactions in hospitalized type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with the sulphonylureas glibenclamide, glimepiride or glipizide
Authors: Tirkkonen T. , Heikkilä P. , Huupponen R. , Laine K. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract.  Tirkkonen T, Heikkilä P, Huupponen R, Laine K (University of Turku; Turku University Hospital; and StatFinn Ltd; Turku, Finland). Potential CYP2C9‐mediated drug–drug interactions in hospitalized type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with the sulphonylureas glibenclamide, glimepiride or glipizide. J Intern Med 2010; 268: 359–366.Objectives.  Sulphonylureas are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Based on laboratory findings, we determined the clinical significance of potential CYP2C9‐mediated drug–drug interactions in hospitalized patients receiving glibenclamide, glimepiride or glipizide, all of which are metabolized by CYP2C9, together with a CYP2C9 inhibitor.Design, setting and subjects.  An observational pharmaco‐epidemiological database study was performed in a university hospital setting with 3884 patients with T2DM.Main outcome measures.  Efficacy and safety of sulphonylurea therapy during the potential interaction (sulphonylurea treatment with a CYP2C9 inhibitor) vs. control periods (sulphonylurea treatment without a CYP2C9 inhibitor) were estimated using laboratory parameters.Results.  Almost 20% of patients were exposed to a potential drug–drug interaction with a CYP2C9 inhibitor during sulphonylurea treatment. More than 75% of the potential interactions occurred with trimethoprim, metronidazole and fluconazole. When all sulphonylureas were pooled and adjusted for age, gender, ward and sulphonylurea dose, mean and maximum fasting plasma glucose concentrations as well as maximum values of glycosylated haemoglobin were significantly lower during the interaction periods compared with control periods, whereas mean and minimum activities of alanine amino transferase and gamma‐glutamyl transferase were higher. The minimum fasting plasma glucose values were more often below the target range in patients with potential interactions. The sulphonylurea dose did not differ significantly between patients who were or were not concomitantly treated with a potentially interacting drug.Conclusions.  Concomitant use of a CYP2C9 inhibitor results in exaggerated pharmacodynamic effects of sulphonylureas and increases the risk of hypoglycaemia in T2DM patients receiving glibenclamide, glimepiride or glipizide.
Safety and tolerability of 0.1% tacrolimus solution applied to the external ear canals of atopic beagle dogs without otitis
Authors: Kelley Laura S. , Flynn‐Lurie Alison K. , House Rossi A. , Simpson Andrew C. , Marsella Rosanna 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTacrolimus is a nonsteroidal alternative to treat noninfectious otitis externa (OE) in people. This 21‐day study investigated whether twice daily application (0.2 mL/dose) of sterile olive oil based 0.1% tacrolimus suspension in ears of atopic beagle dogs without OE was associated with adverse local reactions, development of OE, change in otic cytology, vestibular dysfunction, or hearing loss detected by brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER). The study was randomized, double‐blinded, and placebo‐controlled. Twenty‐two dogs matched for age and sex were randomized to tacrolimus or vehicle control treatment groups. Two investigators independently evaluated dogs for signs of adverse effects including OE the first 4 days of treatment, then every 3 days. A logistic regression model was fit for each investigator’s clinical scores (SAS, 9.2, 2008). Time (P = 0.0032) and group (P = 0.0167) were always significant for OE. Inter‐observer reliability of clinical scores was strong, measured using Kappa coefficients and proportion of agreement. All nine exclusions (7/10 control‐ and 2/12 tacrolimus‐treated dogs) were excluded for yeast OE. Inter‐observer agreement to exclude was 100%. All dogs not excluded had normal BAER assessments before treatment, weekly during treatment, and after 21 days of treatment. None showed vestibular abnormalities at these times. Tacrolimus blood concentrations (Abbott IMx Tacrolimus II) were below detection limits (3 ng/mL) at baseline and after 21 days of treatment. Results suggest otic application of olive oil based tacrolimus suspension to canine ears with intact tympanic membranes is unlikely to result in hearing loss or vestibular dysfunction but yeast OE is a possible risk.
Registration trials for specific immunotherapy in Europe: advanced guidance from the new European Medical Agency guideline
Authors: Gödicke V. , Hundt F. 
Published: July 2010

To cite this article: Gödicke V, Hundt F. Registration trials for specific immunotherapy in Europe: advanced guidance from the new European Medical Agency guideline. Allergy 2010; 65: 1499–1505.AbstractMarketing authorization of medicinal products is granted based on results of registration trials. The European Medical Agency (EMA) has issued general and disease state‐specific guidelines for the conduct of such trials. In the area of allergic diseases, there are basically two general therapeutic approaches: Drugs that mitigate the symptoms and an approach that is targeted to the root cause of the disease, the allergen‐specific immunotherapy (SIT). While the ‘Guideline on the Clinical Development of Medicinal Products for the Treatment of Allergic Rhino‐Conjunctivitis’ (CHMP/EWP/2455/02) and the ‘Note for Guidance on the Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products in the Treatment of Asthma’ (CPMP/EWP/2922/01) focuses exclusively on the development of medicinal products to treat allergic symptoms, there was no guideline for SIT in the past. In consequence, the conduct of clinical trials for SIT was widely lacking a standardized approach. This created difficulties when comparing drugs and outcomes and also uncertainty to predict marketing authorization. In 2009, the EMA has issued a new guideline on the clinical development of products for SIT. Despite some white spots in some areas, the new guideline constitutes a breakthrough with regard to guidance, harmonization and transparency in the conduct of clinical trials in SIT.
Seed viability in declining populations of Caladenia rigida (Orchidaceae): are small populations doomed?
Authors: Faast R. , Facelli J. M. , Austin A. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDespite comparatively good rates of pollination and seed production, some populations of the endangered terrestrial orchid Caladenia rigida continue to decline. To determine whether seed quality may be limiting reproductive potential, we assessed seed viability among declining populations of C. rigida (in the southern part of its distribution) and among populations that are regarded as stable (in the northern part of its distribution). We also compared differences in seed viability to plant traits, population size and habitat characteristics (soil properties, canopy cover, presence of proximate vegetation). Seed capsules from southern populations were significantly smaller, with only 9% of seeds being viable, compared to 36% in capsules from northern populations. Soil phosphorus concentrations differed between regions, but other habitat characteristics did not correlate with seed viability. Using calculations based on seedling recruitment data from other Caladenia species, we predict that seed output is insufficient to ensure the long‐term persistence of the smallest C. rigida populations.
Expression of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 in Equine Endometrium during the Oestrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy
Authors: Ababneh MM , Ababneh H , Shidaifat F 
Published: July 2010

ContentsPhospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a key enzyme for biosynthesis of PGF2α. Real‐time RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to determine transcription and cellular distribution of cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) in the equine endometrium during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. Endometrial biopsy and blood samples were collected from cycling mares on days (d) 8, 11, 15 and 18 (oestrus) (Day 0 = Day of ovulation; n = 5 for each day) and from pregnant mares (n = 4) on d15. Except for mares on d18 and some cyclic mares (n = 2) on d15 with low progesterone (P4) concentrations (<3.18 nm), P4 concentrations were high. Cytosolic PLA2 was mainly localized in the luminal epithelium and stroma was negative. Cytosolic PLA2 expression was negatively correlated with P4 concentration (r = −0.75, P < 0.001) and differed according to the stage of the oestrous cycle (P < 0.05). Cytosolic PLA2 expression was high during oestrus and declined to basal levels on d8 (P < 0.05). Thereafter, there was a trend for increased cPLA2 expression as luteal phase progressed. However, as P4 dropped below 3.18 nm on d15, cPLA2 expression increased (P < 0.05). In pregnant mares, cPLA2 expression was not different from cyclic mares on d15 with high P4 concentrations. However, it was lower than cyclic mares with low P4 concentrations (p < 0.05). In conclusion, cPLA2 isoform, a member of the PLA2 family that controls PGF2α secretion, is highly expressed in the endometrium at the expected time of luteolysis. Progesterone may be an inhibitor for cPLA2 expression. During pregnancy, cPLA2 expression may be sufficient to initiate the cascade for PGF2α secretion and does not play a direct role in maternal recognition of pregnancy.
Genistein Alters the Release of Oxytocin, Prostaglandins, Cortisol and LH during Insemination in Gilts
Authors: Norrby M , Madsen MT , Saravia F , Lundeheim N , Madej A 
Published: July 2010

ContentsSoya products containing phytooestrogens are widely used as feed for pigs. However, limited data are available on the effects of phytooestrogen on the endocrine status of pigs. The aim of this work was to study the impact of the phytooestrogen genistein added to a soya‐free diet on the hormonal pattern in gilts during oestrus and artificial insemination (AI). Ten gilts were fed a soya‐free diet and fitted with jugular vein catheter through vena auricularis. The gilts were randomly divided into two groups (G‐ and C‐group) where the G‐group was given pure genistein, 1 mg/kg body weight (BW) twice daily, per os. Blood samples were collected before, during and after AI. Oxytocin, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2α, 13,14‐dihydro‐15‐keto‐prostaglandin F2α (PGFM), cortisol and LH concentrations in blood plasma were analysed. Oxytocin concentrations were almost twice as high in the G‐group as in C‐group after the AI. Prostaglandin E2 concentrations were higher in G‐group than in C‐group during the entire sampling period. After AI, the concentrations of prostaglandin E2 increased in G‐group but not in C‐group. Prostaglandin F2α concentration had a pulsatile pattern, with increasing pulses after AI in G‐group. Plasma PGFM concentrations increased after AI with a small variation between the groups. Plasma cortisol concentration increased after AI in C‐group. LH decreased after AI in G‐group. Genistein stimulated elevations of plasma oxytocin and prostaglandin E2 concentrations and a pulsative pattern in prostaglandin F2α concentration. The possible involvement of genistein in plasma cortisol and basal LH concentrations in gilts given genistein may also be suggested.
Pseudofrenelopsis fossils from Cretaceous gypsum beds in Guixi, Jiangxi Province, China and their geological significance
Authors: Sun Bainian , Dai Jing , Wang Yongdong , Jia Hui , Yan Defei , Jiang Zikun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCompressed fossil plants were found in the gypsum beds of the Zhoujiadian Formation in Guixi City, Jiangxi Province, China. The cuticular features of two species of Pseudofrenelopsis (Cheirolepidiaceae) were examined by scanning electron microscopy in this study: Pseudofrenelopsis papillosa Cao ex Zhou and Pseudofrenelopsis guixiensis Bainian Sun et Dai, sp. nov. A detailed analysis of the internode epidermis, and the adaxial and abaxial leaf cuticles of the two species, was performed, extending our knowledge of the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the extinct Pseudofrenelopsis. A new species, Pseudofrenelopsis guixiensis sp. nov., is proposed based upon comparison of its cuticular features. It differs from previously published species in that it has hairs on the abaxial surfaces of its leaves, sometimes shares subsidiary cells on the surfaces of internodes, lacks a hypodermis, and has no papillae on its epidermal cells. Because the distribution of fossil Pseudofrenelopsis is restricted to the Lower Cretaceous, the Early Cretaceous age of the Zhoujiadian Formation is affirmed. The fossils of Pseudofrenelopsis show obvious xeromorphic characteristics, such as apparent thickening of the cuticles, subsidiary cells with obvious papillae, and anticlinal walls with strong cutinization, and they are found associated with gypsum beds and close to red beds. All of these features indicate an arid climate.
One year experience of nocturnal home haemodialysis with an alternate night schedule in Hong Kong
Authors: TANG HON‐LOK , WONG JOSEPH H‐S , POON CLARA K‐Y , TANG CANDIC M‐K , CHU KWOK‐HONG , LEE WILLIAM , FUNG SAMUEL K‐S , CHAU KA‐FOON , LI CHUN‐SANG , TONG KWOK‐LUNG 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTAim:  Nocturnal home haemodialysis (NHHD) was started in Hong Kong in 2006. The experience of 1 year of NHHD with an alternate night schedule in two local centres is reported.Methods:  The clinical parameters of 14 patients who had completed 1 year of NHHD were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were receiving an alternate night schedule (3.5 sessions/week) for 6–8 h/session.Results:  After 1 year of NHHD, haemoglobin levels increased from 9.6 ± 1.6 g/dL before NHHD to 11.4 ± 2.2 g/dL (P < 0.05) despite a reduction in erythropoietin dose requirement from 120.6 ± 44.3 to 59.4 ± 74.6 U/kg/week (P < 0.05). Four patients (29%) were able to stop taking erythropoietin after NHHD. Serum phosphate levels reduced from 2.33 ± 0.41 to 1.59 ± 0.29 mmol/L (P < 0.01) and calcium phosphate product decreased from 5.29 ± 0.96 to 3.74 ± 0.90 mmol2/L2 (P < 0.01). Phosphate binder dose was greatly reduced and eight patients (67%) were able to stop taking phosphate binders. The number of antihypertensive medications tended to reduced from 2.5 ± 1.3 to 1.6 ± 1.5 (P = 0.067) with four patients (29%) able to stop antihypertensives. Left ventricular mass index decreased from 186 ± 62 to 168 ± 60 g/m2 (P = 0.463) although this was not statistically significant. Weekly spKt/V during conventional haemodialysis was 3.63 ± 0.95 while that during NHHD was three times higher at 11.09 ± 6.44 (P < 0.01). The quality of life indexes also showed improvement.Conclusion:  This 1 year experience of alternate night NHHD demonstrates benefits in terms of anaemia control, erythropoietin requirement, serum phosphate and calcium phosphate product reduction, blood pressure control, haemodialysis adequacy and quality of life. NHHD with an alternate night schedule is a promising dialytic therapy for patients receiving chronic haemodialysis in this locality.
Relationship between the course of depression symptoms and the left ventricular mass index and left ventricular filling pressure in chronic haemodialysis patients
Authors: KIM YONG KYUN , PARK CHAN S , IHM SANG‐HYUN , KIM HEE‐YEOL , HONG TAI Y , KIM DAI J , PAE CHI‐UN , SONG HO C , KIM YONG‐SOO , CHOI EUY J 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTAim:  Multiple measurements of depression symptoms over time were more predictive of cardiovascular mortality than a single time measurement performed at baseline. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of the course of depression symptoms, based on repeated assessments of depression symptoms over time, with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) in patients on haemodialysis (HD).Methods:  The level of depression symptoms in 61 patients on HD were prospectively assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at baseline and at three intervals (5, 10, 15 months). Doppler echocardiographic examinations were performed at the end of follow up.Results:  At the end of follow up, the patients were divided into three groups according to their course of depression symptoms: non‐depression (n = 21), intermittent depression (n = 23) and persistent depression (n = 17). LVMI and LVFP were significantly increased in the persistent depression symptoms group compared to those of the non‐depression symptoms group and the intermittent depression symptoms group. Persistent depression symptoms were independently associated with LVMI (β‐coefficient = 0.347, P = 0.017) and LVFP (β‐coefficient = 0.274, P = 0.048) after adjustment for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, diabetes and interdialytic weight gain.Conclusion:  In our study, persistent depression symptoms were associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Our data may provide a more complete understanding of cardiovascular risk associated with depression symptoms in patients on HD.
Macrosomia, top of the iceberg: The charm of underlying factors
Authors: Donma Mustafa Metın 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  Macrosomia is associated with childhood obesity. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a risk factor for macrosomia. The aim of this large‐scale investigation was to determine the incidence, risk factors, characteristic features, and perinatal outcome of macrosomic infants.Methods:  This prospective study was carried out on 6385 newborns. Demographic data included maternal age, paternal age, type of delivery, sex, parity and gestational age at delivery. Anthropometric measurements were recorded. ABO/Rh typing was performed and GDM was diagnosed.Results:  Out of 6385 term deliveries, 477 infants (7.47%) were macrosomic. Incidence of GDM was 0.6% and 4.8% in the control group and in macrosomic births, respectively. Incidence of GDM(+) cases was 4% among macrosomic infants weighing 4000–4500 g. GDM(+) cases were densely populated (11%) in macrosomic infants weighing ≥ 4500 g (P≤ 0.05). Male/female ratio was significantly higher in macrosomic infants weighing ≥ 4500 g than those weighing 4000–4500 g (P≤ 0.05). High parental age was the risk factor for GDM. Blood group A was the most frequently observed type among mothers with macrosomic infants, however, blood group O was dominant in cases with GDM. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the male infant was the most striking infant characteristic and GDM was the most striking maternal characteristic that were significantly associated with increased odds of macrosomic birth.Conclusions:  This research reports the association between blood group system and macrosomia as well as parental age and GDM simultaneously. Our study reports a prevalence of GDM in both infants with normal birth weight and macrosomic newborns at the same time.
Laparoscopic restorative proctectomy – hybrid approach or totally laparoscopic?
Authors: Ellis‐Clark Jodie Michelle , Lumley John W , Stevenson Andrew R. L. , Stitz Russell W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  Laparoscopic rectal resection is now a technique that is emerging from experience with laparoscopic colonic resection. We review and present our experience with restorative proctectomy for cancer and compare those performed with a hybrid technique with those performed totally laparoscopically.Methods:  A total of 177 patients have undergone laparoscopic restorative proctectomy. All of the patients were planned to have the abdominal portion of their surgery performed laparoscopically and to convert to open for the rectal dissection as required. They were then stratified into those that had their surgery performed completely laparoscopically (laparoscopic group – LG), and to those who had their rectal dissection and or transection performed with an open incision (hybrid group – HG).Results:  Short‐term outcomes were compared between the LG (n = 103) and the HG (n = 74). The overall complication rate was higher in the HG (12% versus 35% P < 0.001), mainly with a significantly higher pelvic abscess rate and higher rate of post‐operative ileus. There were no intraoperative or post‐operative deaths. Length of stay was equivalent in both groups (five days). To date, distal recurrence has occurred in 7.7% of the patients, eight in the LG and four in the HG (NS). Two patients, one in each group, have had local recurrence only.Conclusions:  Laparoscopic open or laparoscopic hybrid approaches are techniques that can be used in suitable patients. Both have acceptable morbidity and mortality.
Pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy: incidence, risk factors and management
Authors: Kah Heng Chiow Adrian , Salleh Ibrahim , San Tan Siong , Ying Feng , Su‐Ming Tan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  Pancreatic fistulae post distal pancreatectomy still leads to significant morbidity and if not properly managed, may lead to mortality. The identification of risk factors and effective management of patients with pancreatic fistulae is important in the prevention of these complications.Methods:  There were 75 open consecutive distal pancreatectomies in the Department of Surgery, Changi General Hospital from May 2001 to May 2007.Results:  The indications for operation were neuroendocrine tumours (n= 15), adenocarcinoma (n= 20), Intraductal papillary mucinous tumour (IPMT) (n= 20), serous cysts (n= 15) and trauma (n= 5). There were 20 patients (27%) who developed pancreatic fistulae in the whole series. On univariate analysis, the patients with pancreatic fistulae had significantly more pre‐morbidities, softer pancreas and use of staplers as a method of closure of the pancreatic remnant. On multivariate analysis, the use of staplers and soft pancreas were significant independent risk factors for the development of pancreatic fistulae in our patient population. All of the patients with pancreatic fistulae were successfully treated non‐surgically with no mortality in the whole series.Conclusions:  The use of stapler on soft pancreas leads to a higher risk for pancreatic fistulae after distal pancreatectomies. Most pancreatic fistulae can be managed non‐surgically with good outcome.