bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD99 triggers upregulation of miR‐9‐modulated PRDM1/BLIMP1 in Hodgkin/Reed–Sternberg cells and induces redifferentiation
Authors: Huang Xueping , Zhou Xinhua , Wang Zhiqiang , Li Feng , Liu Fanrong , Zhong Lin , Li Xiangzhao , Han Xiqun , Wu Ziqing , Chen Shaohong , Zhao Tong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCD99 is a 32‐kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that is encoded by the MIC2 gene. Our study was carried out to examine the role of CD99 in tumor progression of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Here, we showed that lowly expressed CD99 protein in cHL cell lines and primary cHL cases correlates with the deficient expression of the positive regulatory domain 1 (PRDM1/BLIMP1). In addition, cHL cell lines showed high levels of miR‐9 expression. We determined that the upregulation of CD99 induced expression of transcription factor PRDM1, a master regulator of plasma‐cell differentiation, which is also a target for miR‐9‐mediated downregulation. Indeed, inhibition of miR‐9 also triggered upregulation of PRDM1 expression. Furthermore, overexpression of CD99 resulted in changed growth features and reorganization of actin cytoskeleton. As upregulation of CD99 led to a decrease in cHL diagnosis marker CD30 and CD15 and an increase in plasma‐cell differentiation marker CD38 and the restoration of B‐cell makers PAX5, CD79α and CD19, we suggest that downregulated CD99 leads to the prevention of plasma‐cell differentiation in Hodgkin/Reed–Sternberg (H/RS) cells. Furthermore, these data indicate that CD99 may control miR‐9 expression, which directly targets PRDM1. Altogether, these results reveal a CD99‐miR‐9‐PRDM1 molecule axis in lymphomagenesis of cHL and suggest that upregulation of CD99 in H/RS cells induces terminal B‐cell differentiation, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategies for cHL.
Elevated circulating sclerostin correlates with advanced disease features and abnormal bone remodeling in symptomatic myeloma: Reduction post‐bortezomib monotherapy
Authors: Terpos Evangelos , Christoulas Dimitrios , Katodritou Eirini , Bratengeier Cornelia , Gkotzamanidou Maria , Michalis Eurydiki , Delimpasi Sosana , Pouli Anastasia , Meletis John , Kastritis Efstathios , Zervas Konstantinos , Dimopoulos Meletios A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSclerostin is a Wingless and Int‐1 inhibitor, which is produced by osteocytes and inhibits osteoblast‐driven bone formation. Sclerostin is implicated in the pathogenesis of bone loss in metabolic bone disorders but there is no information for its effect on multiple myeloma (MM)‐related osteolytic disease. We evaluated circulating sclerostin in 157 newly diagnosed patients with symptomatic myeloma, in 25 with relapsed myeloma who received bortezomib monotherapy, in 21 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and in 21 healthy controls. Patients with active myeloma had elevated circulating sclerostin compared to MGUS patients and controls (p < 0.01). MM patients who presented with fractures at diagnosis (n = 34) had very high levels of circulating sclerostin compared with all others (p < 0.01), whereas sclerostin correlated negatively with bone specific alkaline phosphatase (a bone formation marker; r = −0.541, p < 0.0001) and positively with C‐telopeptide of collagen type‐1 (a bone resorption marker; r = 0.524, p < 0.0001). Patients with International Staging System (ISS)‐3 disease had higher circulating sclerostin compared to ISS‐1 and ISS‐2 MM (p = 0.001). Furthermore, patients with high sclerostin (upper quartile, n = 40) had a median survival of 27 months versus 98 months of all others (p = 0.031). Relapsed MM patients had higher levels of circulating sclerostin even compared to newly diagnosed patients (p < 0.01). Bortezomib monotherapy resulted in a reduction of sclerostin by almost 50% in both responders and non‐responders. These results suggest that patients with active myeloma have elevated circulating sclerostin, which correlated with advanced disease features including severe bone disease. Our study indicates sclerostin as a possible target for the development of novel therapies to enhance osteoblast function in myeloma.
Bisphenol A decreases atrial contractility involving NO‐dependent G‐cyclase signaling pathway
Authors: Pant Jayanti , Ranjan Pratibha , Deshpande Shripad B. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTBisphenol A (BPA) is used in manufacturing plastics. Even though BPA is reported to produce reproductive and behavioral toxicity in experimental animals, the direct effect of BPA on the cardiovascular system is not known. The present study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the effect of BPA, on spontaneously beating rat right atrial preparations. In this study, in vitro isometric contractions of right atria were recorded. Cumulative concentration–response of BPA on atrial contractions was obtained in the absence or presence of antagonists. BPA (0.1–100 μ m) decreased the rate and the force of atrial contractions in a concentration‐dependent manner. At 100 μ m, the decreases were >90%. The BPA‐induced changes were not blocked by atropine (muscarinic receptor blocker). However, pretreatment with N‐ω‐nitro‐ l‐arginine methyl ester ( l‐NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) or methylene blue (a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor) blocked the BPA‐induced changes in rate and force. Nitroglycerine, an NO‐donor, decreased the rate and force of atrial contractions. Further, the BPA‐induced changes were not due to the solvent (ethanol) used to dissolve it. The present study therefore indicates that BPA decreases the atrial contractility involving NO‐dependent G‐cyclase signaling mechanisms.
Repair of articular cartilage defects with a novel injectablein situforming material in a canine model
Authors: Igarashi Tatsuya , Iwasaki Norimasa , Kawamura Daisuke , Kasahara Yasuhiko , Tsukuda Yukinori , Ohzawa Nobuo , Ito Masayuki , Izumisawa Yasuharu , Minami Akio 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe developed an ultra‐purifiedin situforming gel as an injectable delivery vehicle of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Our objective was to assess reparative tissues treated with autologous BMSCs implanted using the injectable implantation system into osteochondral defects in a canine model. Forty‐eight osteochondral defects in the patella groove of the knee joint were created in 12 adult beagle dogs (two defects in each knee). The defects were divided into a defect group (n= 16), an acellular novel material implantation (material) group (n= 16), and a BMSCs implantation using the current vehicle system (material with BMSCs) group (n= 16). The reparative tissues at 16 weeks postoperatively were assessed through gross, histological, and mechanical analyses. The reparative tissues of the material with BMSCs group were substituted with firm and smooth hyaline‐like cartilage tissue that was perfectly integrated into the host tissues. This treatment group obviously enhanced the subchondral bone reconstruction. The compressive modulus of the reparative tissues was significantly higher in the material with BMSCs group than the other groups. This study demonstrated that the implantation of BMSCs using our novelin situforming material induced a mature hyaline‐like cartilage repair of osteochondral defects in a canine model. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
The effect of adding an equine bone matrix protein lyophilisate on fixation and osseointegration of HA‐coated Ti implants
Authors: Baas Jorgen , Jakobsen Thomas , Elmengaard Brian , Bechtold Joan E. , Soballe Kjeld 
Published: October 2011

AbstractJoint replacements should be firmly anchored in vital bone to avoid early implant subsidence and late aseptic loosening. We investigated whether the fixation of orthopedic implants could be improved by adding an osteoinductive extract of lyophilized equine bone matrix proteins (Colloss E, Ossacur AG, Germany), between the implant and the surrounding bone. Eighteen uncemented HA‐coated implants were inserted pairwise in the proximal tibia of nine dogs. All implants were surrounded by a 2 mm concentric defect. In each dog, the intervention implant was added 20 mg protein lyophilisate. The contralateral control implant was inserted untreated. After four weeks, the treated HA‐coated implants had better mechanical fixation than the untreated control implants. The treated implants were better osseointegrated, there was more newly formed bone around these implants, and fibrous tissue was eliminated. The mechanical implant fixation had a strong positive correlation to new bone formation on and around the implant, and a strong negative correlation to fibrous tissue encapsulation. The results suggest that bone protein extracts such as the Colloss E device may augment early implant fixation of even HA‐coated Ti implants and thereby reduce the risk of long‐term failure. This may be particularly useful in revision arthroplasty with bone loss. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Design and mechanical evaluation of a novel fiber‐reinforced scaffold for meniscus replacement
Authors: Balint Eric , Gatt Charles J. , Dunn Michael G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA fiber‐reinforced degradable scaffold for replacement of meniscal tissue was designed, fabricated, and mechanically evaluated. The hypotheses were that (1) the fiber network design would share a portion of compressive loads via the generation of circumferential tensile loads, and (2) the scaffold tensile properties would be similar to those of the meniscus. Two meniscus scaffold designs varying in fiber content (1000 or 500 fibers: MS1000, MS500) underwent cyclic compressive loading up to 100 and 250N, with resultant tensile loads measured at the anterior and posterior anchors. Standard tensile testing was also performed on each device and ovine menisci. Both scaffolds generated tensile loads directly proportional to the applied compressive loads, with MS1000 scaffolds generating approximately twice the tensile loads of MS500 scaffolds. The tensile strength of MS1000 scaffolds was significantly higher than that of the medial and lateral ovine menisci, and approximately twice that of the MS500 scaffolds. The stiffness of MS1000 scaffolds was lower than that of the lateral meniscus, but not statistically different from that of the medial meniscus. These results support our hypotheses that this novel fiber‐reinforced scaffold can mimic the tensile and hoop stress behavior of normal meniscal tissue under compressive loading. The circumferential tensile strength and stiffness are appropriate for a meniscus replacement device. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Paclitaxel‐loaded silk fibroin nanospheres
Authors: Chen Mengjie , Shao Zhengzhong , Chen Xin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSilk fibroin is a very promising biomedical material because of its renewability, nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. On the basis of a simple and mild method for the preparation of silk fibroin nanospheres with controllable size, the authors developed earlier, anti‐cancer drug paclitaxel (PTX)‐loaded silk fibroin nanospheres ranging from 270 to 520 nm were produced accordingly. The drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and released property of PTX‐loaded silk fibroin nanospheres are depended on the silk fibroin concentration and initial PTX‐loading capacity. The maximum drug loading is about 6.9% and the release time of such a kind of nanospheres is over 9 days. The release time of PTX‐loaded silk fibroin nanospheres can be as long as 2 weeks when the drug loading is about 3.0%. All these results imply that such a kind of biomacromolecule‐based anti‐cancer drug nanocarrier has a great potential for chemotherapy in clinical applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
LOCKING‐IN CARBON, LOCKING‐OUT LIVELIHOODS? ARTISANAL MINING AND REDD IN SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: Hirons Mark 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article examines the potential mutual conflict between interventions aimed at formalising artisanal and small‐scale mining (ASM) on the one hand, and policies implemented in response to the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) initiative on the other. Deforestation caused by ASM undermines sound forest management, and potentially threatens the implementation of REDD. Conversely, the adoption of REDD could further marginalise and criminalise the ASM sector, reducing its contribution to poverty alleviation. Reviewing a series of commonalities between ASM and forest management highlights many difficulties facing policy‐makers. Potentially, contradictory outcomes of evolving governance arrangements means novel cross‐sectoral institutions will be required to realise the full potential of REDD and ASM to address poverty reduction in a complementary fashion. The analysis reiterates the centrality of livelihoods to REDD and the need for policies to take into account local contexts. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sperm storage by spermatodoses in the spermatheca of Trioza alacris (Flor, 1861) hemiptera, psylloidea, triozidae: A structural and ultrastructural study
Authors: Marchini Daniela , Del Bene Giovanna , Viscuso Renata , Dallai Romano 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFemale insects generally store sperm received during mating in specific organs of their reproductive tract, i.e., the spermathecae, which keep the sperm alive for a long time until fertilization occurs. We investigated spermatheca morphology and ultrastructure in the psylloidean insect Trioza alacris (Flor,1861) in which spheroidal sperm packets that we refer to as ‘spermatodoses’ are found after mating. The ectoderm‐derived epithelium of the sac‐shaped spermatheca that has a proximal neck, consists of large secretory and flat cuticle‐forming cells. Secretory cells are characterized by a wide extracellular cavity, bordered by microvilli, in which electron‐dense secretion accumulates before discharge into the spermathecal lumen. The cuticle‐forming cells produce the cuticular intima of the organ and a peculiar specialized apical structure, through which secretion flows into the lumen. At mating, the male transfers bundles of sperm cells embedded in seminal fluid into the spermathecal neck. Sperm cells proceed towards the spermathecal sac lumen, where they are progressively compacted and surrounded with an envelope that also encloses secretions of both male and female origin. We describe the formation of these sperm containing structures and document the contribution of the female secretion to spermatodose or female‐determined spermatophore construction. We also discuss the choice of the term ‘spermatodose’ for T. alacris and suggest it be used to refer to sperm masses constructed in the female reproductive organs, at least when they involve the contribution of female secretion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Observations on the anterior testicular ducts in snakes with emphasis on sea snakes and ultrastructure in the yellow‐bellied sea snake, Pelamis platurus
Authors: Sever David M. , Freeborn Layla R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe anterior testicular ducts of squamates transport sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the ductus deferens. These ducts consist of the rete testis, ductuli efferentes, and ductus epididymis. Many histological and a few ultrastructural studies of the squamate reproductive tract exist, but none concern the Hydrophiidae, the sea snakes and sea kraits. In this study, we describe the anterior testicular ducts of six species of hydrophiid snakes as well as representatives from the Elapidae, Homolapsidae, Leptotyphlopidae, and Uropeltidae. In addition, we examine the ultrastructure of these ducts in the yellow‐bellied Sea Snake, Pelamis platurus, only the third such study on snakes. The anterior testicular ducts are similar in histology in all species examined. The rete testis is simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium and transports sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the ductuli efferentes in the extratesticular epididymal sheath. The ductuli efferentes are branched, convoluted tubules composed of simple cuboidal, ciliated epithelium, and many species possess periodic acid‐Schiff+ granules in the cytoplasm. The ductus epididymis at the light microscopy level appears composed of pseudostratified columnar epithelium. At the ultrastructural level, the rete testis and ductuli efferentes of P. platurus possess numerous small coated vesicles and lack secretory vacuoles. Apocrine blebs in the ductuli efferentes, however, indicate secretory activity, possibly by a constitutive pathway. Ultrastructure reveals three types of cells in the ductus epididymis of P. platurus: columnar principal cells, squamous basal cells, and mitochondria‐rich apical cells. This is the first report of apical cells in a snake. In addition, occasional principal cells possess a single cilium, which has not been reported in reptiles previously but is known in some birds. Finally, the ductus epididymis of P. platurus differs from other snakes that have been studied in possession of apical, biphasic secretory vacuoles. All of the proximal ducts are characterized by widening of adjacent plasma membranes into wide intercellular spaces, especially between the principal cells of the ductus epididymis. Our results contribute to a larger, collaborative study of the evolution of the squamate reproductive tract and to the potential for utilizing cellular characters in future phylogenetic inferences. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CD34 and SMA expression of superficial zone cells in the normal and pathological human meniscus
Authors: Declercq Heidi A. , Forsyth Ramses G. , Verbruggen August , Verdonk René , Cornelissen Maria J. , Verdonk Peter C.M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate histological changes in torn (0.5–27 weeks after injury) and osteoarthritic (OA) knee menisci versus normal menisci after PAS‐AB, SAF‐O‐FG, and immunostaining for CD34, CD31, and smooth muscle actin (SMA). Cell layers in the superficial zone and the cell density in the deep zone of the menisci were counted. In the superficial zone of normal menisci, cells expressing CD34 were demonstrated. CD34+ CD31− cells were absent in OA menisci and disappeared in torn menisci as a function of time. In contrast, an increase of SMA+ cells combined with an increase of cell layers was observed in the superficial zone of torn menisci. SMA+ cells were absent in normal and OA menisci. The predominant tissue type in torn menisci evolved from fibrocartilage‐like to fibrous‐like tissue as a function of time, whereas in OA menisci it became cartilage‐like. The response of the superficial zone was reflected by the decrease of CD34+ and the increase of SMA+ cells in torn menisci and the transformation of a fibrous‐like into a cartilage‐like surface layer in OA menisci. These results potentially illustrate the contribution of CD34+ cells to the homeostasis of meniscus tissue. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:800–808, 2012
Atypical fibroxanthoma: Clinicopathologic determinants for recurrence and implications for surgical management
Authors: Davidson John S. , Demsey Daniel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAtypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is an uncommon skin tumor occurring primarily in the head and neck region of elderly Caucasian males. Treated with local excision, the disease is thought to be fairly benign but can occasionally demonstrate aggressive local recurrence as well as distant metastasis.MethodsSeventy‐one cases of AFX were reviewed, representing all patients presenting to the Health Sciences Centre of South Eastern Ontario with the diagnosis of AFX in the period 1989–2008. Demographic and pathologic data were obtained from patient charts for analysis.ResultsMean age at presentation was 76, with a male:female ratio of 4:1. Recurrence occurred in 10 patients after an average period of 7.3 months. Three recurrent lesions went on to distant metastasis, on average 14.3 months after initial presentation. The remaining 60 tumors did not recur. Histologically, tumor extending beyond the dermis into the underlying adipose and muscular tissue had a 29.4% chance of local recurrence and an 11.8% chance of metastasis compared to lesions confined to the dermis only (9.3% and 1.8%).ConclusionsWhile the majority of AFX presentations are benign, there is a real possibility of metastatic spread. Invasion beyond the dermis and a rapid rate of recurrence are suggestive of a more aggressive clinical course. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:559–562. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DIVERSITY AND DYNAMICS OF MANAGEMENT OF GUM AND RESIN RESOURCES IN ETHIOPIA: A TRADE‐OFF BETWEEN DOMESTICATION AND DEGRADATION
Authors: Lemenih M. , Wiersum K. F. , Woldeamanuel T. , Bongers F. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTAlthough the human domestication of forest and tree resources is often considered to result in resource degradation, it may also lead to improved resource potentials. This paper assesses the nature and dynamics of gum and resin focused woodland exploitation and management systems in Ethiopia in the context of degradation and domestication processes. In three sites with commercial gum resin producing woodlands and production history, we studied variation in (i) woodland management and gum resin production systems and (ii) socio‐economic and biophysical factors that condition the management and production systems. On the basis of their organizational features, we formulated nine production models and related them to different phases of domestication and different degrees of ecosystem degradation. The production systems gradually evolved from the extraction of wild trees to production in an adapted forest system. However, domesticated woodlands with an adapted forest structure and composition and increased provisioning services are still little developed despite decades of production history. Many of these woodlands are undergoing serious degradation because of low quality management practices. This is mainly attributable to existing land use practices and the social arrangements for the production of and trade in the gums and resins. The findings illustrate that domestication involves not only a change in ecological and production systems but also the development of social arrangements for production and trade. We conclude that the status of domestication in a social sense determines whether forests and/or specific forest resources are degraded or aggraded in the sense of resource enrichment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.