bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa Pada Materi Aritmetika Sosial Melalui Model PjBL Di Tinjau Dari Gender
Authors: Labahu Masriyani , Nani Karman La , Jalal Ariyanti 
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1).Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa pada materi Aritmetika Sosial Melalui Model PjBL ditinjau dari Gender. 2). Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah siswa pada materi aritmetika sosial setelah di terapkannya model PjBL (Project Based Learning). 3).Perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis yang signifikan antara siswa laki-laki dan siswi perempuan setelah di terapkan model PjBL (Project Based Learning). Desain penelitian ini yaitu One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Instrument yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah indikator kemampuan pemecahan masalah menurut sumarmo yaitu 1.Mengidentifikasi unsur-unsur yang diketahui, yang ditanyakan, dan memeriksa kecukupan data untuk memecahkan masalah, menyusun model matematika 2. Memilih dan menerapkan strategi untuk menyelesaikan masalah 3. Melaksanakan perhitungan atau mengelaborasi 4. Memeriksa kembali jawaban terhadap masalah awal. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik parametrik dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1). Terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa antara siswa laki-laki dan siswa perempuan Setelah di terapkan model PjBL 2).Penerapan Model Pembelajaran PjBL dapat meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa Karena hasilnya sudah menunjukan 8 orang mendapatkan nilai Tinggi, 5 siswa nilai Cukup dan 3 siswa nilai rendah 3).Terdapat Perbedaan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis yang signifikan antara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan setelah di terapkan model PjBL karena siswa laki-laki mendapatkan nilai tertinggi dibadingkan siswa perempuan yaitu siswa laki-laki dengan nilai rata-rata 67,37 dengan kriteria tinggi dan siswa perempuan dengan niali rata-rata 40,12 dengan kriteria cukup
Identification of a Theory-Practice Gap in the Education of Biomedical Scientists
Authors: Dudley Kathryn , Matheson David 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThe Biomedical Scientist (BMS) role is established in healthcare, working in laboratory environments to provide diagnostic testing and to monitor treatment effects on a patients’ health. The profession is subject to several professional standards which highlight the importance of working in the best interests of the patient and service user. However, Biomedical Scientists have little or no patient contact. This study aimed to determine how Biomedical Scientists evidence that they meet the professional standards and support the achievement of patient outcomes.Materials and MethodsThis study utilised a Delphi method to explore the opinions of professional stakeholders to determine whether there was consensus for how this professional group contributes to patient outcomes and offers evidence that they are working in the best interests of the patient. The qualitative 1st round of the study consisted of focus groups and interviews with staff and students on the BSc Biomedical Science awards, Professional, Statutory and Regulatory body (PSRB) representatives and Biomedical Scientists from the National Health Service (NHS). The first-round responses were analysed using thematic analysis which then generated attitude statements which participants scored using a 5-point Likert scale in the 2nd round. Consensus or divergence of opinion was determined based upon a 70% consensus level within each participant group and overall.ResultsFollowing analysis of the 2nd round data, there was divergence of opinion across all stakeholders, with consensus rates being highest in the Biomedical Scientist group (72.7% of statements reached 70% consensus), followed by the student group (54.5% of statements reached 70% consensus) and lowest in the academic group (40.9% of statements reached 70% consensus).DiscussionThis demonstrates a theory-practice gap in both the academic and student groups, suggesting that graduates are insufficiently prepared for their post-graduate role. This gap was particularly evident when discussing topics such as how Biomedical Scientists contribute to patient care, professional registration and working as part of the multi-disciplinary team (MDT). The identification of a theory-practice gap in the education of Biomedical Scientists is a novel finding, indicating that students may graduate with insufficient understanding of the Biomedical Scientist role.
Trends in hypertension and hypertension treatment in primary care in general practices in Germany between 2013 and 2022
Authors: Kostev Karel , Krieg Sarah , Jacob Louis 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThere is a scarcity of data on the epidemiology of hypertension and its treatment in Germany in recent years.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to investigate trends in the number of adults diagnosed with hypertension and those being prescribed antihypertensive drugs each year in general practices from this country between 2013 and 2022.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used data of adults aged ≥18 years continuously collected from 336 general practices in Germany (IQVIA) during 2013–2022. The diagnosis of hypertension and the prescription of antihypertensive drugs were coded using the ICD-10 and the EphMRA classification, respectively. Covariates included the total number of patients, mean (SD) age of patients, and proportion of women per practice. Trends in hypertension diagnosis and treatment were studied using linear regression models.ResultsThe mean (SD) total number of patients per practice ranged from 2,235 (1,055) in 2013–2,845 (2,090) in 2021 (p-value &lt; 0.001). The mean (SD) age of patients per practice was between 48.4 (21.5) and 50.5 (21.4) years, while the proportion of women was 52.1%–53.9% (p-values &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for covariates, there was a significant decrease in the number of patients diagnosed with hypertension (beta coefficient = −7.91, p-value &lt; 0.001) and treated with any antihypertensive drug per practice per year between 2013 and 2022 (beta coefficient = −5.40, p-value &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThis study identified decreasing trends in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in general practices in Germany in the last decade. These data may suggest that the prevention of hypertension has improved in this country in recent years.
Impact of age-related gut microbiota dysbiosis and reduced short-chain fatty acids on the autonomic nervous system and atrial fibrillation in rats
Authors: Liu Li , Yi Yingqi , Yan Rong , Hu Rong , Sun Weihong , Zhou Wei , Zhou Haiyan , Si Xiaoyun , Ye Yun , Li Wei , Chen Jingjing 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveAging is the most significant contributor to the increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF). Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been implicated in age-related diseases, but its role in AF development remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between changes in the autonomic nervous system, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and alterations in gut microbiota in aged rats with AF.MethodsElectrophysiological experiments were conducted to assess AF induction rates and heart rate variability in rats. 16S rRNA gene sequences extracted from fecal samples were used to assess the gut microbial composition. Gas and liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy was used to identify SCFAs in fecal samples.ResultsThe study found that aged rats exhibited a higher incidence of AF and reduced heart rate variability compared to young rats. Omics research revealed disrupted gut microbiota in aged rats, specifically a decreased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. Additionally, fecal SCFA levels were significantly lower in aged rats. Importantly, correlation analysis indicated a significant association between decreased SCFAs and declining heart rate variability in aged rats.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that SCFAs, as metabolites of gut microbiota, may play a regulatory role in autonomic nervous function and potentially influence the onset and progression of AF in aged rats. These results provide novel insights into the involvement of SCFAs and autonomic nervous system function in the pathogenesis of AF. These results provide novel insights into the involvement of SCFAs and autonomic nervous system function in the pathogenesis of AF.
Efficacy of Baduanjin for obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Hainan , Li Xue , Wei Hongnan , Shao Xinxin , Tan Zili , Lv Shaowei , Pan Lijie , Yu Ting , Ye Qiuyan , Zhang Haibo , Zhu Xiangyu 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundAccording to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), there is a significant public health issue regarding the increasing number of individuals affected by obesity and overweight on an annual basis. Therefore, it is imperative to urgently identify interventions that can effectively control and improve this condition. Baduanjin, as a medium-intensity exercise, appears a suitable approach for weight reduction among individuals with obesity. This paper aimed to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of Baduanjin in addressing obesity and overweight, with the ultimate goal of assisting individuals with obesity in finding an effective, safe, and engaging method for weight reduction.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of multiple databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), The Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), The Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and WanFang Database to identify relevant articles published from the inception of each database until September 2023. Specifically, we focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of Baduanjin on weight reduction. Data from these studies were extracted and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. In cases where there was no significant heterogeneity (I2 &lt; 50%, p &gt; 0.1), we employed a fixed effects model for data synthesis; otherwise, a random effects model was selected. Funnel plots were used to assess publication bias, and the mean difference (MD) was reported as an indicator of treatment group differences.ResultsA total of 420 participants were included in 10 studies. The MD results of the experimental group when compared with the control group were −3.69 (95%CI = −4.97 to −2.40, p &lt; 0.001) for body weight (BW), −5.42 (95%CI = −6.56 to −4.28, p &lt; 0.001) for body mass index (BMI), −1.36 (95%CI = −1.76 to −0.96, p &lt; 0.001) for waist circumference (WC), −3.40 (95%CI = −4.43 to −2.37, p &lt; 0.001) for hip circumference (HC), and −0.03 (95%CI = −0.04 to −0.02, p &gt; 0.1) for the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). All of the values in the experimental group showed significant difference. The results of the Egger’s test (t = 1.43, p = 0.190) suggest that there was no substantial bias present within the data analysis process. The safety profile revealed no adverse events reported across all 10 studies.ConclusionBaduanjin could be effective in reducing weight, and the practice of Baduanjin has the potential to regulate BW, BMI, WC, HC, and WHR. However, further well-designed RCTs are still necessary to provide more robust evidence in the future.Systematic review registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024513789.
Risk of intracranial meningioma in patients with acromegaly: a systematic review
Authors: Guo Amy X. , Job Asha , Pacione Donato , Agrawal Nidhi 
Published: June 2024

Acromegaly is a rare endocrine disorder caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) from a pituitary adenoma. Elevated GH levels stimulate excess production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) which leads to the insidious onset of clinical manifestations. The most common primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors, meningiomas originate from the arachnoid layer of the meninges and are typically benign and slow-growing. Meningiomas are over twice as common in women as in men, with age-adjusted incidence (per 100,000 individuals) of 10.66 and 4.75, respectively. Several reports describe co-occurrence of meningiomas and acromegaly. We aimed to determine whether patients with acromegaly are at elevated risk for meningioma. Investigation of the literature showed that co-occurrence of a pituitary adenoma and a meningioma is a rare phenomenon, and the majority of cases involve GH-secreting adenomas. To the best of our knowledge, a systematic review examining the association between meningiomas and elevated GH levels (due to GH-secreting adenomas in acromegaly or exposure to exogenous GH) has never been conducted. The nature of the observed coexistence between acromegaly and meningioma -whether it reflects causation or mere co-association -is unclear, as is the pathophysiologic etiology.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022376998.
Removal of microplastics from agricultural runoff using biochar: a column feasibility study
Authors: Olubusoye Boluwatife S. , Cizdziel James V. , Wontor Kendall , Heinen Edward , Grandberry Tony , Bennett Erin R. , Moore Matthew T. 
Published: June 2024

Plastics are extensively used in agriculture, but their weathering and degradation generates microplastics (MPs) that can be carried by runoff into water bodies where they can accumulate and impact wildlife. Due to its physicochemical properties, biochar has shown promise in mitigating contaminants in agricultural runoff. However, few studies have examined its effectiveness at removing MPs. In this study, we assessed MP pollution (&gt;30 μm) in runoff from a farm in the Mississippi Delta and examined the effectiveness of biochar (pinewood and sugarcane) to remove MPs from aqueous solutions. Using micro-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (µ-FTIR), we observed an average of 237 MPs/L (range 27–609) in the runoff, with most particles identified as polyethylene, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and polyarylamide. Biochar columns effectively removed MPs from runoff samples with reductions ranging from 86.6% to 92.6%. MPs of different sizes, shapes, and types were stained with Nile red dye (to facilitate observation by fluorescence) and quantified their downward progress with multiple column volumes of water and wet/dry cycles. Smaller MPs penetrated the columns further, but ≥90% of MPs were retained in the ∼20 cm columns regardless of their shape, size, and type. We attribute these results to physical entrapment, hydrophobic behaviors, and electrostatic interactions. Overall, this proof-of-concept work suggests biochar may serve as a cost-effective approach to remove MPs from runoff, and that subsequent field studies are warranted.
Human monoclonal antibodies protect against viral-mediated pneumococcal superinfection
Authors: Gingerich Aaron , Mahoney Lauren , McCormick Anna L. , Miller Rose J. , Mousa Jarrod 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a global health concern, with 25% of cases attributed to Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn). Viral infections like influenza A virus (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) increase the risk of Spn, leading to severe complications due to compromised host immunity.MethodsWe evaluated the efficacy of an anti-PhtD monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktail therapy (PhtD3 + 7) in improving survival rates in three viral/bacterial coinfection models: IAV/Spn, hMPV/Spn, and RSV/Spn.ResultsThe PhtD3 + 7 mAb cocktail outperformed antiviral mAbs, resulting in prolonged survival. In the IAV/Spn model, it reduced bacterial titers in blood and lungs by 2-4 logs. In the hMPV/Spn model, PhtD3 + 7 provided greater protection than the hMPV-neutralizing mAb MPV467, significantly reducing bacterial titers. In the RSV/Spn model, PhtD3 + 7 offered slightly better protection than the antiviral mAb D25, uniquely decreasing bacterial titers in blood and lungs.DiscussionGiven the threat of antibiotic resistance, our findings highlight the potential of anti-PhtD mAb therapy as an effective option for treating viral and secondary pneumococcal coinfections.
Longitudinal assessment of urinary ALCAM, HPX, and PRDX6 in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: implications for disease activity monitoring and treatment response
Authors: Kim Ji-Won , Baek Wook-Young , Jung Ju-Yang , Kim Hyoun-Ah , Lee Sang-Won , Suh Chang-Hee 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThis study aimed to demonstrate the potential of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), hemopexin (HPX), and peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) as urine biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsUrine samples were collected from 138 Korean patients with SLE from the Ajou Lupus Cohort and 39 healthy controls (HC). The concentrations of urine biomarkers were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits specific for ALCAM, HPX, and PRDX6, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic utility, and Pearson’s correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationships between the disease activity and urine biomarkers.ResultsPatients with SLE and patients with lupus nephritis (LN) showed significantly elevated ALCAM, HPX, and PRDX6 levels compared with HCs. ALCAM, HPX, and PRDX6 showed significant diagnostic values, especially for lupus nephritis (LN), with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for LN was 0.850 for ALCAM (95% CI, 0.778–0.921), 0.781 for HPX (95% CI, 0.695–0.867), and 0.714 for PRDX6 (95% CI, 0.617–0.812). Correlation analysis revealed that all proteins were significantly associated with anti-double stranded DNA antibody (ALCAM, r = 0.350, p &lt; 0.001; HPX, r = 0.346, p &lt; 0.001; PRDX6, r = 0.191, p = 0.026) and SLEDAI (ALCAM, r = 0.526, p &lt; 0.001; HPX, r = 0.479, p &lt; 0.001; PRDX6, r = 0.262, p = 0.002). Results from the follow-up of the three biomarker levels in these patients revealed a significant decrease, showing a positive correlation with changes in SLEDAI-2k scores (ALCAM, r = 0.502, p &lt; 0.001; HPX, r = 0.475, p &lt; 0.001; PRDX6, r = 0.245, p = 0.026), indicating their potential as indicators for tracking disease activity.DiscussionsUrinary ALCAM, HPX, and PRDX6 levels have diagnostic value and reflect disease activity in Korean patients with SLE, emphasizing their potential for non-invasive monitoring and treatment response evaluation.
CT-based quantification of intratumoral heterogeneity for predicting pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ye Guanchao , Wu Guangyao , Zhang Chunyang , Wang Mingliang , Liu Hong , Song Enmin , Zhuang Yuzhou , Li Kuo , Qi Yu , Liao Yongde 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the prediction of pathologic complete response (pCR) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NAIC) using quantification of intratumoral heterogeneity from pre-treatment CT image.MethodsThis retrospective study included 178 patients with NSCLC who underwent NAIC at 4 different centers. The training set comprised 108 patients from center A, while the external validation set consisted of 70 patients from center B, center C, and center D. The traditional radiomics model was contrasted using radiomics features. The radiomics features of each pixel within the tumor region of interest (ROI) were extracted. The optimal division of tumor subregions was determined using the K-means unsupervised clustering method. The internal tumor heterogeneity habitat model was developed using the habitats features from each tumor sub-region. The LR algorithm was employed in this study to construct a machine learning prediction model. The diagnostic performance of the model was evaluated using criteria such as area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).ResultsIn the training cohort, the traditional radiomics model achieved an AUC of 0.778 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.688-0.868], while the tumor internal heterogeneity habitat model achieved an AUC of 0.861 (95% CI: 0.789-0.932). The tumor internal heterogeneity habitat model exhibits a higher AUC value. It demonstrates an accuracy of 0.815, surpassing the accuracy of 0.685 achieved by traditional radiomics models. In the external validation cohort, the AUC values of the two models were 0.723 (CI: 0.591-0.855) and 0.781 (95% CI: 0.673-0.889), respectively. The habitat model continues to exhibit higher AUC values. In terms of accuracy evaluation, the tumor heterogeneity habitat model outperforms the traditional radiomics model, achieving a score of 0.743 compared to 0.686.ConclusionThe quantitative analysis of intratumoral heterogeneity using CT to predict pCR in NSCLC patients undergoing NAIC holds the potential to inform clinical decision-making for resectable NSCLC patients, prevent overtreatment, and enable personalized and precise cancer management.
Maternal intervention with a combination of galacto-oligosaccharides and hyocholic acids during late gestation and lactation increased the reproductive performance, colostrum composition, antioxidant and altered intestinal microflora in sows
Authors: Yu Jian , Wang Jie , Cao Chang , Gong Jiani , Cao Jiaqi , Yin Jie , Wu Shusong , Huang Peng , Tan Bi’e , Fan Zhiyong 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and hyocholic acids (HCA) during late gestation and lactation on reproductive performance, colostrum quality, antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota in multiparous sows.MethodsA total of 60 healthy multiparous cross-bred sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly fed 4 groups diets as follows: the basal diets (CTRL group), or the basal diets containing only 600 mg/kg GOS (GOS group), 600 mg/kg GOS + 100 mg/kg HCA (GOS + Low HCA group), and 600 mg/kg + 200 mg/kg HCA (GOS + High HCA group) from d 85 of gestation to weaning. Multiple parameters of sows were determined.ResultsThere was a trend of shortening the labor process of sows (p = 0.07) in the GOS group and GOS + Low/High HCA group. Compared with the CTRL group, the GOS + Low/High HCA group increased the average piglets weight at birth (p &lt; 0.05), and increased the IgA concentration of colostrum (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, serum triglyceride (TG) concentration was lower (p &lt; 0.05), and serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was higher (p &lt; 0.05) in the GOS and GOS + Low/High HCA groups than in the CTRL group at farrowing. Serum catalase (CAT) activities was higher in the GOS and GOS + High HCA groups than in the CTRL group at farrowing. The 16S rRNA analysis showed that GOS combination with high-dose HCA shaped the composition of gut microbiota in different reproductive stages (d 107 of gestation, G107; d 0 of lactation, L0; d 7 of lactation, L7). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidota and Desulfobacterota in G107, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria in L0, and Planctomycetota in L7 was increased in GOS + High HCA group (p &lt; 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that Streptococcus was positively correlated with the serum TG but negatively correlated with the average piglets weight at birth (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThis investigation demonstrated that the administration of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) in conjunction with hyocholic acids (HCA), to sows with nutrient restrictions during late gestation and lactation, further improved their antioxidant capacity and milk quality. The observed beneficial effects of GOS + HCA supplementation could potentially be linked to an improvement in gut microbiota disorders of the sows.