bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spin polarization of photoelectrons emitted from spin-orbit coupled surface states of Pb/Ge(111)
Authors: Yaji Koichiro , Kuroda Kenta , Tsuda Shunsuke , Komori Fumio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We report that the spin vector of photoelectrons emitted from an atomic layer Pb grown on a germanium substrate [Pb/Ge(111)] can be controlled using an electric field of light. The spin polarization of photoelectrons excited by a linearly polarized light is precisely investigated by spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The spin polarization of the photoelectrons observed in the mirror plane reverses between p- and s-polarized lights. Considering the dipole transition selection rule, the surface state of Pb/Ge(111) is represented by a linear combination of symmetric and asymmetric orbital components coupled with spins in mutually opposite directions. The spin direction of the photoelectrons is different from that of the initial state when the electric field vector of linearly polarized light deviates from p- or s-polarization conditions. The quantum interference in the photoexcitation process can determine the direction of the spin vector of photoelectrons.
Alpine plants exhibited deep supercooling upon exposed to episodic frost events during the growing season on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Suonan Ji , Lü Wangwang , Classen Aimée T , Wang Wenying , La Ben , Lu Xuwei , Songzha Cuo , Chen Chenghao , Miao Qi , Sun Fanghui , Tsering Lhamo , Wang Shiping 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Climatic warming has advanced the spring phenology of plants and disrupted the alignment of phenology with weather patterns. Such misalignments can cause problems as extreme weather events become more frequent and thus impact the survival, growth and reproduction of plants. To prevent freezing within their cells during the growing season, plants adopt a supercooling strategy. However, the weather event severity and seasonal timing may impact the plant’s recovery after a freezing event. We conducted experiments to investigate how extreme freezing events of four different severities impacted the supercooling points and senescence of two dominant alpine plant species, Potentilla saundersiana (mid-summer flowering) and Gentiana parvula (late-summer flowering) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). We also explored how the phenological stage impacted P. saundersiana’s response to freezing events. We found that both species exhibited supercooling upon exposed to frost damage. However, the average supercooling point for P. saundersiana was −6.9°C and was influenced by minimum temperature, duration and phenological stage. Whereas, the average supercooling point for G. parvula was −4.8°C, and neither minimum temperature nor duration had an effect on the supercooling point. In addition, the minimum temperature treatment of −10°C caused death in both plants when held constant for 4 h. Our study provides the first experimental dataset exploring the supercooling points of alpine plants on the QTP. Given the increasing probability of alpine plants encounters frost events, these results are of great significance for understanding the growth and survival strategies of alpine plants to cope with the adverse effects of extreme climate.
Global Seasonal Activities of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Before the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shan Songwei , Zhang Weixin , Gao Huizhi , Huang Pei-Yu , Du Zhanwei , Bai Yuan , Lau Yiu-Chung , Chen Dongxuan , Lau Eric H Y , Nealon Joshua , Wu Peng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Varied seasonal patterns of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have been reported worldwide. We conducted a systematic review on articles identified in PubMed reporting RSV seasonality based on data collected before 1 January 2020. RSV seasonal patterns were examined by geographic location, calendar month, analytic method, and meteorological factors including temperature and absolute humidity. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between RSV seasonality and study methods and characteristics of study locations. RSV seasons were reported in 209 articles published in 1973–2023 for 317 locations in 77 countries. Regular RSV seasons were similarly reported in countries in temperate regions, with highly variable seasons identified in subtropical and tropical countries. Longer durations of RSV seasons were associated with a higher daily average mean temperature and daily average mean absolute humidity. The global seasonal patterns of RSV provided important information for optimizing interventions against RSV infection.
Entropy-based detection of Twitter echo chambers
Authors: Pratelli Manuel , Saracco Fabio , Petrocchi Marinella 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Echo chambers, i.e. clusters of users exposed to news and opinions in line with their previous beliefs, were observed in many online debates on social platforms. We propose a completely unbiased entropy-based method for detecting echo chambers. The method is completely agnostic to the nature of the data. In the Italian Twitter debate about the Covid-19 vaccination, we find a limited presence of users in echo chambers (about 0.35% of all users). Nevertheless, their impact on the formation of a common discourse is strong, as users in echo chambers are responsible for nearly a third of the retweets in the original dataset. Moreover, in the case study observed, echo chambers appear to be a receptacle for disinformative content.
Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients Living With Chronic Kidney Disease and Receiving Hemodialysis: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Brüggemann Ana Karla Vieira , Schardong Jociane , Righi Natiele Camponogara , Plentz Rodrigo Della Méa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
People living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and receiving hemodialysis (HD) have impaired respiratory muscle strength and endurance. The objective of this study was to systematically review the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, lung function, quality of life, endothelial function, and oxidative stress in people living with CKD and receiving HD.

Methods
An electronic search was conducted from inception to June 2023. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of IMT on respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, lung function, endothelial function, quality of life, or oxidative stress in adults living with CKD and receiving HD, compared with control, placebo IMT, or conventional physical therapy, were included.

Results
Eight studies were included, totaling 246 people. The meta-analysis showed that IMT increased the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) by 22.53 cm H2O, the maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) by 19.54 cm H2O, and the distance covered in the 6-minute walk test by 77.63 m. Changes in lung function and quality of life were not observed. It was not possible to quantitatively analyze data on endothelial function and oxidative stress.

Conclusion
IMT improves MIP, MEP, and functional capacity in people living with CKD and receiving HD. IMT did not demonstrate significant results for lung function and quality of life. Effects on endothelial function and oxidative capacity remain uncertain.

Impact
Inspiratory muscle training improves MIP, MEP, and functional capacity in people living with CKD and receiving HD, compared with conventional physical therapy or controls or placebo intervention. Increases in functional capacity in this population are extremely important because of the relationship with the survival of these people.
Physician estimate of inflammation vs global assessment in explaining variations in swollen joint counts in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Schmukler Juan , Li Tengfei , Pincus Theodore 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
To analyse patients with RA for inflammatory activity by physician estimate of global assessment (DOCGL) vs an estimate of inflammatory activity (DOCINF) to explain variation in the swollen joint count (SJC).

Methods
Patients with RA were studied at routine care visits. Patients completed a multidimensional health assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ) and the physician completed a 28-joint count for swollen (SJC), tender (TJC) and deformed (DJC) joints and a RheuMetric checklist with a 0–10 DOCGL visual numeric scale (VNS) and 0–10 VNS estimates of inflammation (DOCINF), damage (DOCDAM) and patient distress (DOCSTR). The disease activity score in 28 joints with ESR (DAS28-ESR), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) were calculated. Individual scores and RA indices were compared according to Spearman correlation coefficients and regression analyses.

Results
A total of 104 unselected patients were included, with a median age and disease duration of 54.5 and 5 years, respectively. The median DAS28-ESR was 2.9 (Q1–Q3: 2.0–3.7), indicating low activity. DOCINF was correlated significantly with DOCGL (ρ = 0.775). Both DOCGL and DOCINF were correlated significantly with most other measures; correlations with DOCGL were generally higher than with DOCINF other than for SJC. In regression analyses, DOCINF was more explanatory of variation in SJC than DOCGL and other DAS28-ESR components.

Conclusions
Variation in SJC is explained more by a 0–10 DOCINF VNS than the traditional DOCGL or any other measure in RA patients seen in routine care. DOCINF on a RheuMetric checklist can provide informative quantitative scores concerning inflammatory activity in RA patients monitored over long periods.
Nurses Honoring Fallen Nurses
Authors: Girgenti Constance , Pieroni Sheri , Raldiris Tonya 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT:
Nurse honor guards are groups of volunteer nurses that attend fellow nurses' funerals or memorial services and conduct a brief ceremony to recognize the nurse's dedication to the profession. These ceremonies incorporate elements of nursing's history, including the wearing of traditional nursing uniforms. Nurse honor guards highlight that nurses not only tend to the well-being of their patients but also share a collective responsibility to support and care for one another. This article describes what nurse honor guards do and discusses the authors' experiences participating in them.
Screening for serious mental illness in a correctional setting
Authors: Kohl Stephanie A. , Tovar Elizabeth G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Serious mental illness (SMI) is more common among adults in correctional settings than in the general population. No standard exists for SMI screening across correctional settings; SMI therefore often goes undetected in these facilities. Placing individuals with unidentified SMI who are incarcerated in general population cells increases their risk for self-harming behaviors, suicide, and for being victims or perpetrators of exploitation and violence.

Methods:
This article describes a quantitative, descriptive study conducted to evaluate the use of the Brief Jail Mental Health Screen (BJMHS) tool to screen for possible SMI among individuals in a jail setting.

Results:
A total of 89 individuals who were incarcerated in one jail setting were screened either with the facility's internally developed standard medical questionnaire (SMQ) or with the BJMHS. Findings showed that 28% screened positive for possible SMI using the BJMHS as compared with only 3% using the SMQ.

Conclusion:
The BJMHS flagged a higher number of possible instances of SMI than the jail's SMQ, potentially signifying its screening superiority. Identification of SMI leads to better care for individuals who are incarcerated, and it increases safety for the individual with SMI, the greater jail population, and jail staff. Findings from this study were shared with system leadership, which has replaced other screening tools with the BJMHS in at least 250 correctional facilities throughout the US.
Safety and Efficacy of Vocacapsaicin for Management of Postsurgical Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Shafer Steven L. , Teichman Sam L. , Gottlieb Ira J. , Singla Neil , Minkowitz Harold S. , Leiman David , Vaughn Benjamin , Donovan John F. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Nonopioid management of postsurgical pain remains a major unmet need. Few studies have evaluated transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 agonists for analgesia after surgery. This study examines intraoperative vocacapsaicin, a novel prodrug of the transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 agonist capsaicin, in a validated model of postsurgical pain.

Methods
This was a triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial in patients undergoing bunionectomy. Patients were randomized 1:1:1:1 to surgical site administration of 14 ml of placebo or one of three vocacapsaicin concentrations: 0.30, 0.15, or 0.05 mg/ml. The prespecified primary endpoint was the area-under-the-curve of the numerical rating scale pain score at rest through 96 h for the 0.30 mg/ml group. Prespecified ordered, secondary endpoints for the 0.30 mg/ml group included the percentage of patients who did not require opioids from 0 to 96 h, total opioid consumption through 96 h, and the area-under-the-curve of the numerical rating scale pain score for the first week.

Results
The 147 patients were randomized. During the first 96 h, vocacapsaicin (0.30 mg/ml) reduced pain at rest by 33% versus placebo (primary endpoint, 95% CI [10%, 52%], effect size [Cohen’s d] = 0.61, P = 0.005). Of patients receiving vocacapsaicin (0.30 mg/ml), 26% did not require postoperative opioids for analgesia (P = 0.025) versus 5% of patients receiving placebo. Vocacapsaicin (0.30 mg/ml) reduced opioid consumption over the first 96 h by 50% versus placebo (95% CI [26%, 67%], effect size = 0.76, P = 0.002). Vocacapsaicin (0.30 mg/ml) reduced pain over the first week by 37% versus placebo (95% CI [12%, 57%], effect size = 0.62, P = 0.004). The treatment effect persisted for at least 2 weeks. All study endpoints showed an administered concentration-versus-response relationship. Vocacapsaicin was well tolerated with no differences between groups in any safety parameter.

Conclusions
A single, local administration of vocacapsaicin during surgery reduced pain and opioid consumption for at least 96 h after surgery compared to control.

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What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Exploring the Impact of Age, Frailty, and Multimorbidity on the Effect of ICU Interventions: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Perrella Andrew , Geen Olivia , Ahuja Manan , Scott Stephanie , Kaushik Ramya , Ferrante Lauren E. , Brummel Nathan E. , Muscedere John , Rochwerg Bram 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To date, age, frailty, and multimorbidity have been used primarily to inform prognosis in older adults. It remains uncertain, however, whether these patient factors may also predict response to critical care interventions or treatment outcomes.

DATA SOURCES:
We conducted a systematic search of top general medicine and critical care journals for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining critical care interventions published between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2021.

STUDY SELECTION:
We included RCTs of critical care interventions that examined any one of three subgroups—age, frailty, or multimorbidity. We excluded cluster RCTs, studies that did not report interventions in an ICU, and studies that did not report data examining subgroups of age, frailty, or multimorbidity.

DATA EXTRACTION:
We collected study characteristics (single vs. multicountry enrollment, single vs. multicenter enrollment, funding, sample size, intervention, comparator, primary outcome and secondary outcomes, length of follow-up), study population (inclusion and exclusion criteria, average age in intervention and comparator groups), and subgroup data. We used the Instrument for assessing the Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses instrument to evaluate the credibility of subgroup findings.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Of 2037 unique citations, we included 48 RCTs comprising 50,779 total participants. Seven (14.6%) RCTs found evidence of statistically significant effect modification based on age, whereas none of the multimorbidity or frailty subgroups found evidence of statistically significant subgroup effect. Subgroup credibility ranged from very low to moderate.

CONCLUSIONS:
Most critical care RCTs do not examine for subgroup effects by frailty or multimorbidity. Although age is more commonly considered, the cut-point is variable, and relative effect modification is rare. Although interventional effects are likely similar across age groups, shared decision-making based on individual patient preferences must remain a priority. RCTs focused specifically on critically ill older adults or those living with frailty and/or multimorbidity are crucial to further address this research question.
Differences between brachial and aortic blood pressure in adolescence and their implications for diagnosis of hypertension
Authors: Hughes Alun D. , Davey Smith George , Howe Laura D. , Lawlor Deborah , Jones Siana , Park Chloe M. , Chaturvedi Nish 
Published: April 2024

Objectives:
Blood pressure (BP) is the leading global cause of mortality, and its prevalence is increasing in children and adolescents. Aortic BP is lower than brachial BP in adults. We aimed to assess the extent of this difference and its impact on the diagnosis of hypertension among adolescents.

Methods:
We used data from 3850 participants from a UK cohort of births in the early 1990s in the Southwest of England, who attended their ∼17-year follow-up and had valid measures of brachial and aortic BP at that clinic [mean (SD) age 17.8 (0.4) years, 66% female individuals]. Data are presented as mean differences [95% prediction intervals] for both sexes.

Results:
Aortic systolic BP (SBP) was lower than brachial SBP [male, −22.3 (−31.2, −13.3) mmHg; female, −17.8 (−25.5, −10.0) mmHg]. Differences between aortic and brachial diastolic BP (DBP) were minimal. Based on brachial BP measurements, 101 male individuals (6%) and 22 female individuals (1%) were classified as hypertensive. In contrast, only nine male individuals (<1%) and 14 female individuals (<1%) met the criteria for hypertension based on aortic BP, and the predictive value of brachial BP for aortic hypertension was poor (positive-predictive value = 13.8%). Participants with aortic hypertension had a higher left ventricular mass index than those with brachial hypertension.

Conclusion:
Brachial BP substantially overestimates aortic BP in adolescents because of marked aortic-to-brachial pulse pressure amplification. The use of brachial BP measurement may result in an overdiagnosis of hypertension during screening in adolescence.
Regulatory T cells and bioenergetics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells linked to pediatric obesity
Authors: Rose Shannon , Landes Reid D. , Vyas Kanan K. , Delhey Leanna , Blossom Sarah 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Obesity-associated inflammation drives the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We sought to identify associations of circulating regulatory T cells (Treg) with the degree of obesity (eg, body mass index Z-score [BMIz]), insulin resistance (homeostatic model of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), and glycemic control (HbA1c) in children and adolescents. We further sought to examine associations among bioenergetics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CD4 T cells and BMIz, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c.

Methods:
A total of 65 children and adolescents between the ages 5 and 17 years were studied. HbA1c and fasting levels of plasma glucose and insulin were measured. We quantified circulating Tregs (CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127-FoxP3+) by flow cytometry, and measured mitochondrial respiration (oxygen consumption rate [OCR]) and glycolysis (extracellular acidification rate [ECAR]) in PBMCs and isolated CD4 T cells by Seahorse extracellular flux analysis.

Results:
Tregs (% CD4) are negatively associated with BMIz but positively associated with HOMA-IR. In PBMCs, OCR/ECAR (a ratio of mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis) is positively associated with BMIz but negatively associated with HbA1c.

Conclusions:
In children, Tregs decrease as body mass index increases; however, the metabolic stress and inflammation associated with insulin resistance may induce a compensatory increase in Tregs. The degree of obesity is also associated with a shift away from glycolysis in PBMCs but as HbA1c declines, metabolism shifts back toward glycolysis. Comprehensive metabolic assessment of the immune system is needed to better understand the implications immune cell metabolic alterations in the progression from a healthy insulin-sensitive state toward glucose intolerance in children.

Trial registration:
This observational study was registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03960333, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03960333?term=NCT03960333&rank=1).
The effect of coenzyme Q10 intake on metabolic profiles in women candidates for in-vitro fertilization: a randomised trial
Authors: Ahmadi Asouri Sahar , Asemi Reza , Aghadavod Esmat , Jamilian Mehri 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
Infertility and the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are both influenced by insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Presumably, adding coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) to these patients’ diets will be beneficial. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on metabolic profiles in women candidates for in-vitro fertilization (IVF).

Trial design and methods:
For this randomized, double-blinded, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical experiment, 40 PCOS-positive infertile women who were IVF candidates were included. They ranged in age from 18 to 40. The 20 participants in the two intervention groups received either CoQ10 or a placebo for 8 weeks. The expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), as well as metabolic profiles such as insulin metabolism and lipid profiles were evaluated. Quantitative RT-PCR determined the expression of GLUT-1, PPAR-γ, and LDLR on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Lipid profiles and fasting glucose were assessed using enzymatic kits, and insulin was determined using Elisa kit.

Results:
In comparison to the placebo, CoQ10 supplementation significantly reduced blood insulin levels (−0.3±1.0 vs. 0.5±0.7, P=0.01) and insulin resistance (−0.1±0.2 vs. 0.1±0.2, P=0.01), and increased PPAR-γ expression (P=0.01). In infertile PCOS patients’ candidates for IVF, CoQ10 supplementation showed no appreciable impact on other metabolic profiles. Also, CoQ10 supplementation revealed no significant impact on GLUT-1 (P=0.30), or LDLR (P=0.27) expression. Within-group changes in insulin levels (P=0.01) and insulin resistance (P=0.01) showed a significant elevation in the placebo group. When we adjusted the analysis for baseline BMI, baseline values of variables, and age, our findings were not affected.

Conclusions:
Eight weeks of CoQ10 supplementation demonstrated positive benefits on PPAR-γ expression, insulin resistance, and serum insulin in infertile PCOS women candidates for IVF.