bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential in vivo amelioration by N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine of oxidative stress in brain in human double mutant APP/PS‐1 knock‐in mice: Toward therapeutic modulation of mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Huang Quanzhen , Aluise Christopher D. , Joshi Gururaj , Sultana Rukhsana , St. Clair Daret K. , Markesbery William R. , Butterfield D. Allan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia among the elderly. Although the underlying cause has yet to be established, numerous data have shown that oxidative stress is implicated in AD as well as in preclinical stages of AD, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The oxidative stress observed in brains of subjects with AD and MCI may be due, either fully or in part, to increased free radicals mediated by amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ). By using double human mutant APP/PS‐1 knock‐in mice as the AD model, the present work demonstrates that the APP/PS‐1 double mutation results in elevated protein oxidation (as indexed by protein carbonyls), protein nitration (as indexed by 3‐nitrotyrosine), as well as lipid peroxidation (as indexed by protein‐bound 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal) in brains of mice aged 9 months and 12 months. APP/PS‐1 mice also exhibited lower levels of brain glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in both age groups studied, whereas glutathione reductase (GR) levels in brain were unaffected by the mutation. The activities of both of these antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased in APP/PS‐1 mouse brains, whereas the activity of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) was increased relative to controls in both age groups. Levels of peptidyl prolyl isomerase 1 (Pin1) were significantly decreased in APP/PS‐1 mouse brain aged 9 and 12 months. Administration of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC), a glutathione precursor, to APP/PS‐1 mice via drinking water suppressed increased protein oxidation and nitration and also significantly augmented levels and activity of GPx in brain from both age groups. Oral administration of NAC also increased the diminished activity of GR and protected against lipid peroxidation in brains of 9‐month‐old APP/PS‐1 mice only. Pin1 levels, GR levels, and G6PDH activity in brain were unaffected by oral administration of NAC in both age groups. These results are discussed with reference to the therapeutic potential of this brain‐accessible glutathione precursor in the treatment of MCI and AD. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Climatology of the areal precipitation in Amman/Jordan
Authors: Ghanem Ali Ahmad 
Published: June 2010

AbstractData of the rainy seasons from 1956/1957 to 2005/2006 for 11 stations distributed over Amman area were analyzed. They were used to estimate the areal rainfall amount in Amman area; the annual data have a normal distribution with an average of 283.7 mm. The areal rainfall amounts varied from year to year, with a standard deviation (SD) of 72.9 mm and with a variation coefficient of 26%. The analysis of the areal rainfall over a 50‐year period shows a decreasing trend (−0.4 mm/year), but with no statistical significance. The running means show two wet periods (1962/1963–1973/1974 and 1987/1988–1993/1994) and two dry periods that occurred in the beginning and the end of the study period. The amounts of water fall over Amman area ranged from 300 mm3 to 870 mm3. Despite these amounts, Amman suffers from water shortage which needs to be solved. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
A possible mechanism for El Niño‐like warming in response to the future greenhouse warming
Authors: Kug Jong‐Seong , Sooraj K. P. , Jin Fei‐Fei , Ham Yoo‐Geun , Kim Daehyun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUsing the climate change experiments generated for the Fourth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a possible mechanism for the El Niño‐like warming in response to the greenhouse warming is suggested. From the coupled global climate model (CGCM) simulations with climate change scenario, it is found that the Bjerknes air–sea coupled process is a dominant contributor to the tropical Pacific response. However, it is revealed that most CGCMs commonly simulate the off‐equatorial maximum of precipitation change. It is suggested here that the off‐equatorial precipitation and the associated equatorial westerlies play a seeding role in triggering an El Niño‐like warming response. Atmospheric GCM (AGCM) experiments show that even uniform sea‐surface temperature (SST) warming leads to off‐equatorial increase in precipitation which brings equatorial westerlies, implying that these non‐uniform (off‐equatorial) responses can play a seeding role for the El Niño‐like warming pattern. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Ozone mini‐holes over Valencia (Spain) and their influence on the UV erythemal radiation
Authors: Martínez‐Lozano J. A. , Utrillas M. P. , Núñez J. A. , Tamayo J. , Marín M. J. , Esteve A. R. , Cañada J. , Moreno J. C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLow ozone level episodes (also known as mini‐holes) have been analysed over Valencia, Spain, during the period from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2007. In this study, 24 episodes, lasting 1 or 2 days each, were detected. Most of them can be explained dynamically by the existence of an anticyclone over the Azores, which sends air masses coming from the Caribbean over the Iberian Peninsula. A positive anomaly in the vertical temperature profile in the high troposphere and one negative anomaly in the medium and low stratosphere are also observed in most of the analysed episodes. The total ozone column decrease is accompanied by a rise in the UV erythemal radiation levels. This increase is quantified at 1.29 times the decrease in the total ozone column. This is known as the radiation amplification factor (RAF) of UV erythemal radiation. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Wind fluctuations over the North Sea
Authors: Vincent Claire L. , Pinson Pierre , Giebela Gregor 
Published: June 2010

AbstractClimatological patterns in wind speed fluctuations with periods of 1 min to 10 h are analysed using data from a meteorological mast in the Danish North Sea. Fluctuations on these time scales are of particular relevance to the effective management of the power supply from large wind farms. The Hilbert‐Huang transform (HHT) is shown to be an effective tool for analysing long time series of wind speed observations, as it describes the time‐evolving spectral information in the time series. By binning and averaging the time‐evolving spectrum, the average spectral behaviour of the wind speed under a certain class of conditions can be found. Here, the HHT is applied to create conditional spectra which demonstrate patterns in the occurrence of severe wind variability. It is shown that wind fluctuations over the North Sea are more severe for westerly flow than for easterly flow, and that severe fluctuations are often observed in the vicinity of precipitation. The most severe wind fluctuations occur in the autumn and winter seasons, and are slightly more common when the pressure tendency is rising. Further, it is found that the wind is more variable for atmospherically unstable conditions than for stable conditions. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Accelerated aging of intervertebral discs in a mouse model of progeria
Authors: Vo Nam , Seo Hyoung‐Yeon , Robinson Andria , Sowa Gwendolyn , Bentley Douglas , Taylor Lauren , Studer Rebecca , Usas Arvydas , Huard Johnny , Alber Sean , Watkins Simon C. , Lee Joon , Coehlo Paulo , Wang Dong , Loppini Mattia , Robbins Paul D. , Niedernhofer Laura J. , Kang James 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common and debilitating disorder that results in reduced flexibility of the spine, pain, and reduced mobility. Risk factors for IDD include age, genetic predisposition, injury, and other environmental factors such as smoking. Loss of proteoglycans (PGs) contributes to IDD with advancing age. Currently there is a lack of a model for rapid investigation of disc aging and evaluation of therapeutic interventions. Here we examined progression of disc aging in a murine model of a human progeroid syndrome caused by deficiency of the DNA repair endonuclease, ERCC1–XPF (Ercc1−/Δ mice). The ERCC1‐deficient mice showed loss of disc height and degenerative structural changes in their vertebral bodies similar to those reported for old rodents. Compared to their wild‐type littermates, Ercc1−/Δ mice also exhibit other age‐related IDD characteristics, including premature loss of disc PG, reduced matrix PG synthesis, and enhanced apoptosis and cell senescence. Finally, the onset of age‐associated disc pathologies was further accelerated in Ercc1−/Δ mice following chronic treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent mechlorethamine. These results demonstrate that Ercc1−/Δ mice represent an accurate and rapid model of disc aging and provide novel evidence that DNA damage negatively impacts PG synthesis. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1600–1607, 2010
Outcomes following temporal bone resection
Authors: Dean Nichole R. , White Hilliary N. , Carter Dale S. , Desmond Renee A. , Carroll William R. , McGrew Benjamin M. , Rosenthal Eben L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate survival outcomes in patients undergoing temporal bone resection.Study Design:Retrospective review.Methods:From 2002 to 2009 a total of 65 patients underwent temporal bone resection for epithelial (n = 47) and salivary (n = 18) skull base malignancies. Tumor characteristics, defect reconstruction, and postoperative course were assessed. Outcomes measured included disease‐free survival and cancer recurrence.Results:The majority of patients presented with recurrent (65%), advanced stage (94%), cutaneous (72%), and squamous cell carcinoma (57%). Thirty‐nine patients had perineural invasion (60%) and required facial nerve resection; 16 (25%) had intracranial extension. Local (n = 6), regional (n = 2), or free flap (n = 46) reconstruction was required in 80% of patients. Free flap donor sites included the anterolateral thigh (31%), radial forearm free flap (19%), rectus (35%), and latissimus (4%). The average hospital stay was 4.9 days (range, 1–28 days). The overall complication rate was 15% and included stroke (n = 4), cerebrospinal fluid leak (n = 2), hematoma formation (n = 1), infection (n = 1), flap loss (n = 1), and postoperative myocardial infarction (n = 1). A total of 22 patients (34%) developed cancer recurrence during the follow‐up period (median, 10 months), 17 (77%) of whom presented with recurrent disease at the time of temporal bone resection. Two‐year disease‐free survival was 68%, and 5‐year disease‐free survival was 50%.Conclusions:Aggressive surgical resection and reconstruction is recommended for primary and recurrent skull base malignancies with acceptable morbidity and improved disease‐free survival. Laryngoscope, 2010
Effect of cricopharyngeus muscle surgery on the pharynx
Authors: Allen Jacqui , White Cheryl J. , Leonard Rebecca , Belafsky Peter C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction (CPD) ranges from asymptomatic cricopharyngeal bar (CPB) to Zenker's diverticulum. Previous work suggests that CPD can result in dilation and weakening of the pharynx above the obstruction. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the ability of surgery on the cricopharyngeus muscle to improve pharyngeal area and strength.Study Design:Retrospective case study.Methods:Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies of all persons with CPD who underwent cricopharyngeus (CP) intervention followed by routine postoperative fluoroscopic study, between October 1, 1999 and January 1, 2010 were reviewed. Objective measures of pharyngeal area and constriction were obtained from pretreatment and post‐treatment studies. Paired t tests and repeated measures analysis of variance were employed to compare results.Results:Fifty‐four patients were included. Pharyngeal constriction and pharyngoesophageal segment (PES) opening improved significantly after intervention (P < .05).Pharyngeal dilation was unchanged (P > .05). PES opening improved more with CP myotomy than with dilation and botulinum toxin.Conclusions:Relief of CP obstruction by surgery or dilation improves pharyngeal constriction and PES opening. Dilation of the pharynx possibly related to prolonged outlet obstruction does not improve. CP myotomy appears more effective than dilation or botulinum toxin in relieving obstruction. Laryngoscope, 2010
Fumonisin exposure through maize in complementary foods is inversely associated with linear growth of infants in Tanzania
Authors: Kimanya Martin E. , De Meulenaer Bruno , Roberfroid Dominique , Lachat Carl , Kolsteren Patrick 
Published: June 2010

AbstractInfants consuming maize‐based foods are at a high risk of exposure to fumonisins. This study explored the association between exposure of fumonisins from maize and growth retardation among infants in Tanzania. Mothers of 215 infants consented for their children to participate in this study. We estimated maize intake for each child by twice conducting a 24 h dietary recall and fumonisins level in the maize, using HPLC. Fumonisins exposure for each child was estimated by combining his/her maize intake and the fumonisins level in the maize. Of the infants, 191 consumed maize. The maize consumed by 131 infants contained fumonisins at levels varying from 21 to 3201 μg/kg. Fumonisins exposure in 26 infants exceeded the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 2 μg/kg body weight. At 12 months of age, infants exposed to fumonisins intakes above the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 2 μg/kg bodyweight were significantly shorter by 1.3 cm and 328 g lighter. It appears that the exposure to fumonisins is associated with growth retardation. This is the first study to report an association between fumonisins exposures and growth retardation.
Immunological one‐step determination of the central nervous system indicator proteins, neuron‐specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein, in meat products
Authors: Kuczius Thorsten , Böhler Olga , Karch Helge 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe determination of specific marker proteins is important in the prevention of infections and transmission of disease. Several diagnostic assays have been developed but these are mostly restricted to the detection of single antigens. Thus there is a need for multiplex detection assays for the simultaneous analysis of several disease indicators. Consumer protection against the transmission of prion diseases is ensured by the removal of specified risk material from cattle meat during slaughtering and this is regulated by law. The investigation reported here describes a one‐step determination on immunoblots of the simultaneous detection of two indicator proteins, neuron‐specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein, in tissues of the central nervous system. Although the two proteins run in polyacrylamide gels with similar molecular masses the indicators are differentiated by immunological reactions followed by visualizing the different coloured specific protein bands which develop. The enolase exhibits a brown band, whereas the glial fibrillary acidic protein is red. Immunoblotting has proved to be a suitable assay for multiplex analysis of marker proteins possessing similar molecular weights and is therefore a suitable tool for application in food, veterinary and medical facilities.
Bioavailability of multiple components following acute ingestion of a polyphenol‐rich juice drink
Authors: Borges Gina , Mullen William , Mullan Adam , Lean Michael E. J. , Roberts Susan A. , Crozier Alan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA healthy diet involves eating fruit and vegetables on a daily basis, the benefits of which are in part linked to the ingestion of bioactive compounds including polyphenols. As a convenient means of delivering additional polyphenols to the diet, a polyphenol‐rich (P‐R) juice drink was prepared and the bioavailability of its diverse spectrum of constituents investigated. Ten human volunteers followed a low‐flavonoid diet for 2 days before drinking 350 mL of the P‐R beverage. Plasma and urine were collected for 24 h and analyzed by HPLC‐PDA‐MS. The plasma pharmacokinetics and recoveries of urinary metabolites of flavan‐3‐ols, flavanones, dihydrochalcones and 5‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid, both in terms of their identity and quantity, were, in most instances, not markedly different to those reported in other feeding studies with green tea, orange juice, apple cider and coffee. This indicates that the combination of polyphenolic compounds in the P‐R beverage are absorbed and excreted to a similar extent whether fed individually or together in a single beverage. It is concluded that the P‐R beverage can deliver the intended blend of bioavailable polyphenols, which would normally require consumption of several different plant‐derived foods.
Total removal of unwanted harmonic peaks (TruHARP) MRI for single breath‐hold high‐resolution myocardial motion and strain quantification
Authors: Agarwal Harsh K. , Prince Jerry L. , Abd‐Elmoniem Khaled Z. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCurrent MRI methods for myocardial motion and strain quantification have limited resolution because of Fourier space spectral peak interference. Methods have been proposed to remove this interference in order to improve resolution; however, these methods are clinically impractical due to the prolonged imaging times. In this paper, we propose total removal of unwanted harmonic peaks (TruHARP); a myocardial motion and strain quantification methodology that uses a novel single breath‐hold MR image acquisition protocol. In post‐processing, TruHARP separates the spectral peaks in the acquired images, enabling high‐resolution motion and strain quantification. The impact of high resolution on calculated circumferential and radial strains is studied using realistic Monte Carlo simulations, and the improvement in strain maps is demonstrated in six human subjects. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eigenstrain reconstruction method in linear friction welded aluminium alloy and MMC plates
Authors: Jun Tea‐Sung , Korsunsky Alexander M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn the present paper, we put forward a combined experimental and modelling approach based on the inverse eigenstrain methodology. The approach allows approximate reconstruction of the complete strain/stress state in the entire component. The resulting description is qualitatively different from the raw input data, since it is continuous, complete and consistent (the latter in terms of satisfying equilibrium, compatibility and boundary conditions). This is a significant improvement compared with the experimentally obtained limited knowledge of stress components at a selected number of measurement points, or from simple interpolation between these points. In the current study, the methodology is applied to the interpretation of diffraction strain measurements obtained by neutron and synchrotron X‐ray scattering in linear friction welds between aluminium‐based materials. We introduce a novel approach and present the mathematical framework that allows the eigenstrain reconstruction method (ERM) to be extended so as to provide a rational resolution of the important issue of unstrained lattice parameter (d0) determination. Different implementations of the general inverse eigenstrain principle are considered and compared. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retinoic acid enhances sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells for imatinib mesylate
Authors: Neumann Ingo , Foell Jürgen L. , Bremer Marianne , Volkmer Ines , Korholz Dieter , Burdach Stefan , Staege Martin S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundRetinoids can induce differentiation of neuroblastoma (NB) cells and are in clinical use for the treatment of patients with NB. Despite improvements of standard treatment during the last years, many patients with NB still relapse and new treatment options for these patients are required.ProcedureWe analyzed NB cells after incubation with retinoids by using Affymetrix HG_U133A microarrays, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and flow cytometry. Sequencing of RT‐PCR products was applied for determination of CD117 mRNA sequences from NB cell lines. In addition, we tested sensitivity of NB cells for the kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate after treatment with retinoids.ResultsTreatment of NB cells with retinoids induced expression of several genes including the retinoid metabolizing enzymes CYP26A1 and CYP26B1. In addition, we observed up‐regulation of CD117 (KIT), particularly after long‐term treatment with retinoids. Sequencing of CD117 mRNA from NB cell lines revealed heterozygosity for a non‐synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in SH‐SY5Y NB cells. Up‐regulation of CD117 in NB cells correlated with increased sensitivity for the kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate.ConclusionsThe combination of retinoids with kinase inhibitors might be worth exploring further for the treatment of NB patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:464–470. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization of heat shock proteins 90 (HSP83?) and 70 in tropical strains of Bombyx mori
Authors: Sosalegowda Aparna H. , Kundapur Rajesh R. , Boregowda Manjunatha H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFollowing the concept of whole organism, we have extracted total protein from the Bombyx mori for the identification and analysis of HSPs. Expression of 90 kDa HSP in first, second and third instars, 84 kDa in fourth instar and 90‐, 84‐, 62‐, 60‐, 52‐ and 33‐kDa HSPs in fifth instar larvae of tropical polyvoltine and bivoltine silkworm strains were obvious. Further, we have combined single and 2‐DE with MALDI‐TOF for analysis of BmHSPs. Ninety kilodalton band excised from 1‐DE gel was identified as HSP83 by MALDI‐TOF‐MS. The immunoblot analysis confirmed the expression of HSP90 in all the instars larvae of B. mori. Heat shock‐induced protein spots were excised from 2‐DE gels for MALDI‐TOF‐MS analysis. The Mascot search results are for HSP68, HSC70‐1 and HSP70Ba in Pure Mysore, and major HSP70Bbb, HSP68, HSC‐3 and HSP83 in NB4D2. Multiple sequence alignment explicit the variations in amino acid sequence between Pure Mysore and NB4D2. Notably, the PMF of spot 2 matched the coding sequence of B. mori and its gene annotation was determined on chromosome 9. With this novel approach, expression of BmHSP90 was confirmed in all the instars and uncovered isoforms of BmHSP70, which provided unequivocal insight to analyze and understand the biological significance in B. mori.