bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased upper airway cytokines and oxidative stress in severe obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Kimoff R.J. , Hamid Q. , Divangahi M. , Hussain S. , Bao W. , Naor N. , Payne R.J. , Ariyarajah A. , Mulrain K. , Petrof B.J. 
Published: September 2010

Inflammation may contribute to upper airway pathophysiology in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Our objective was to compare upper airway pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, oxidative stress and connective tissue deposition in severe (n = 25)versusmild (n = 17) OSA patients.Upper airway surgical specimens were separated by predominance of either mucosal or muscle tissue. Expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, interferon-γ, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β andl-selectin were measured by ribonuclease protection assay. Oxidative stress was assessedviaprotein carbonyl group detection by immunoblotting. Histochemistry was employed for immunolocalisation of selected cytokines and connective tissue morphometry.In the severe OSA group, expression of IL-1α, IL-6 and TGF-β was significantly higher in mucosa-predominant tissues, whereas in muscle-predominant specimens, RANTES expression was greater in severe OSA. Increased protein carbonylation was observed in severe OSA within both mucosal and muscle compartments. Immunohistochemistry localised TGF-β to submucosal and perimuscular inflammatory cells, while IL-6 was primarily localised to myocytes. Consistent with the pro-fibrotic cytokine profile observed in mucosa-predominant tissue, morphometric analysis revealed greater submucosal and perimuscular connective tissue in severe OSA subjects.There is increased pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokine expression, oxidative stress, and connective tissue deposition in upper airway tissues from severeversusmild OSA patients.
Impact of aerobic exercise capacity and procedure-related factors in lung cancer surgery
Authors: Licker M. , Schnyder J-M. , Frey J-G. , Diaper J. , Cartier V. , Inan C. , Robert J. , Bridevaux P-O. , Tschopp J-M. 
Published: September 2010

Over the past decades, major progress in patient selection, surgical techniques and anaesthetic management have largely contributed to improved outcome in lung cancer surgery. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of post-operative cardiopulmonary morbidity in patients with a forced expiratory volume in 1 s <80% predicted, who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).In this observational study, 210 consecutive patients with lung cancer underwent CPET with completed data over a 9-yr period (2001–2009).Cardiopulmonary complications occurred in 46 (22%) patients, including four (1.9%) deaths. On logistic regression analysis, peak oxygen uptake (peakV′O2) and anaesthesia duration were independent risk factors of both cardiovascular and pulmonary complications; age and the extent of lung resection were additional predictors of cardiovascular complications, whereas tidal volume during one-lung ventilation was a predictor of pulmonary complications. Compared with patients with peakV′O2>17 mL·kg−1·min−1, those with a peakV′O2<10 mL·kg−1·min−1had a four-fold higher incidence of cardiac and pulmonary morbidity.Our data support the use of pre-operative CPET and the application of an intra-operative protective ventilation strategy. Further studies should evaluate whether pre-operative physical training can improve post-operative outcome.
Cystic fibrosis and survival to 40 years: a study of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator function
Authors: Simmonds N.J. , D'Souza L. , Roughton M. , Alton E.W.F.W. , Davies J.C. , Hodson M.E. 
Published: September 2010

Significant survival heterogeneity exists in cystic fibrosis. Our aim was to determine whether residual function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is present in long-term survivors with severe mutations.Nasal potential difference (PD) and sweat chloride were measured in 34 long-term survivors (aged ≥40 yrs) and compared with young patients (18–23 yrs) with severe (n = 30) and mild (n = 31) lung disease.Baseline PD was not significantly different across the three groups (long-term survivors, -42.8 (range -71.0– -20.5) mV; young/mild, -40.5 (-58.8– -19.5) mV; young/severe,-46.3 (-74.0– -20.0) mV). Response to amiloride (ΔAmil) was significantly different across the three groups (p = 0.01); long-term survivors had values (27.8 (range 8.5–46) mV) which were not different to either young group, but the young/severe group had significantly higher values (29.5 (11–47) mV) than those in the young/mild group (22.0 (7–39) mV; p<0.01). Baseline PD and ΔAmil were associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (co-efficient (95% CI) -0.13 (-0.23– -0.03); p = 0.009 and -0.12 (-0.20– -0.04); p = 0.003, respectively). Sweat chloride was lowest (p <0.05) in the young/severe group (93.5 (74–111) mmol·L−1versus98.8 (76.5–116.0) mmol·L−1; long-term survivors; and 99.5 (80.0–113.5) mmol·L−1; young/mild).Δ Amil is associated with FEV1but our findings indicate that long-term survival cannot be explained by residual CFTR function when measurements are taken in later life.
Pseudomonas aeruginosaaccentuates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the airway
Authors: Borthwick L.A. , Sunny S.S. , Oliphant V. , Perry J. , Brodlie M. , Johnson G.E. , Ward C. , Gould K. , Corris P.A. , De Soyza A. , Fisher A.J. 
Published: September 2010

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in the dysregulated epithelial wound repair that contributes to obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) after lung transplantation. Acquisition ofPseudomonas aeruginosain the transplanted airway has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of OB. We investigated the potential ofP. aeruginosato drive EMT in primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) isolated from lung transplant recipients.Changes in the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers was assessed in cells challenged with clinical isolates ofP. aeruginosaor co-cultured withP. aeruginosa-activated monocytic cells (THP-1) in the presence or absence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1.P. aeruginosadid not drive or accentuate TGF-β1-driven EMT directly. Co-culturingP. aeruginosa-activated THP-1 cells with PBECs did not drive EMT. However, co-culturingP. aeruginosa-activated THP-1 cells with PBECs significantly accentuated TGF-β1-driven EMT.P. aeruginosa,viathe activation of monocytic cells, can accentuate TGF-β1-driven EMT. Thesein vitroobservations may help explain thein vivoclinical observation of a link between acquisition ofP. aeruginosaand an increased risk of developing OB.
Determinants of prescription and choice of empirical therapy for hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Rello J. , Ulldemolins M. , Lisboa T. , Koulenti D. , Mañez R. , Martin-Loeches I. , De Waele J.J. , Putensen C. , Guven M. , Deja M. , Diaz E. 
Published: September 2010

The objectives of this study were to assess the determinants of empirical antibiotic choice, prescription patterns and outcomes in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)/ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in Europe.We performed a prospective, observational cohort study in 27 intensive care units (ICUs) from nine European countries. 100 consecutive patients on mechanical ventilation for HAP, on mechanical ventilation >48 h or with VAP were enrolled per ICU.Admission category, sickness severity andAcinetobacterspp. prevalence >10% in pneumonia episodes determined antibiotic empirical choice. Trauma patients were more often prescribed non-anti-Pseudomonascephalosporins (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.50–4.78). Surgical patients received less aminoglycosides (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.14–0.49). A significant correlation (p<0.01) was found between Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score and carbapenem prescription. BasalAcinetobacterspp. prevalence >10% dramatically increased the prescription of carbapenems (OR 3.5, 95% CI 2.0–6.1) and colistin (OR 115.7, 95% CI 6.9–1,930.9). Appropriate empirical antibiotics decreased ICU length of stay by 6 days (26.3±19.8 daysversus32.8±29.4 days; p = 0.04). The antibiotics that were prescribed most were carbapenems, piperacillin/tazobactam and quinolones. Median (interquartile range) duration of antibiotic therapy was 9 (6–12) days. Anti-methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusagents were prescribed in 38.4% of VAP episodes.Admission category, sickness severity and basalAcinetobacterprevalence >10% in pneumonia episodes were the major determinants of antibiotic choice at the bedside. Across Europe, carbapenems were the antibiotic most prescribed for HAP/VAP.
Augmentation of neovascularization in murine hindlimb ischemia by combined therapy with simvastatin and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation
Authors: Li Yong , Zhang Dingguo , Zhang Yuqing , He Guoping , Zhang Fumin 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Objectives
We postulated that combining high-dose simvastatin with bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) delivery may give better prognosis in a mouse hindlimb ischemia model.

Methods
Mouse hindlimb ischemia model was established by ligating the right femoral artery. Animals were grouped (n = 10) to receive local injection of saline without cells (control and simvastatin groups) or with 5 × 106 MSCs (MSCs group).Animals received either simvastatin (20 mg/kg/d, simvastatin and combination groups) or saline(control and MSCs group) gavages for continual 21 days. The blood flow was assessed by laser Doppler imaging at day 0,10 and 21 after surgery, respectively. Ischemic muscle was harvested for immunohistological assessments and for VEGF protein detection using western blot assay at 21 days post-surgery. In vitro, MSCs viability was measured by MTT and flow cytometry following culture in serum-free medium for 24 h with or without simvastatin. Release of VEGF by MSCs incubated with different doses of simvastatin was assayed using ELISA.

Results
Combined treatment with simvastatin and MSCs induced a significant improvement in blood reperfusion, a notable increase in capillary density, a highest level of VEGF protein and a significant decrease in muscle cell apoptosis compared with other groups. In vitro, simvastatin inhibited MSCs apoptosis and increased VEGF release by MSCs.

Conclusions
Combination therapy with high-dose simvastatin and bone marrow-derived MSCs would augment functional neovascularization in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia.
Multivariate meta-analysis of proteomics data from human prostate and colon tumours
Authors: Rosenberg Lina Hultin , Franzén Bo , Auer Gert , Lehtiö Janne , Forshed Jenny 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
There is a vast need to find clinically applicable protein biomarkers as support in cancer diagnosis and tumour classification. In proteomics research, a number of methods can be used to obtain systemic information on protein and pathway level on cells and tissues. One fundamental tool in analysing protein expression has been two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). Several cancer 2DE studies have reported partially redundant lists of differently expressed proteins. To be able to further extract valuable information from existing 2DE data, the power of a multivariate meta-analysis will be evaluated in this work.

Results
We here demonstrate a multivariate meta-analysis of 2DE proteomics data from human prostate and colon tumours. We developed a bioinformatic workflow for identifying common patterns over two tumour types. This included dealing with pre-processing of data and handling of missing values followed by the development of a multivariate Partial Least Squares (PLS) model for prediction and variable selection. The variable selection was based on the variables performance in the PLS model in combination with stability in the validation. The PLS model development and variable selection was rigorously evaluated using a double cross-validation scheme. The most stable variables from a bootstrap validation gave a mean prediction success of 93% when predicting left out test sets on models discriminating between normal and tumour tissue, common for the two tumour types. The analysis conducted in this study identified 14 proteins with a common trend between the tumour types prostate and colon, i.e. the same expression profile between normal and tumour samples.

Conclusions
The workflow for meta-analysis developed in this study enabled the finding of a common protein profile for two malign tumour types, which was not possible to identify when analysing the data sets separately.
The liposoluble proteome of Mycoplasma agalactiae: an insight into the minimal protein complement of a bacterial membrane
Authors: Cacciotto Carla , Addis Maria Filippa , Pagnozzi Daniela , Chessa Bernardo , Coradduzza Elisabetta , Carcangiu Laura , Uzzau Sergio , Alberti Alberto , Pittau Marco 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Mycoplasmas are the simplest bacteria capable of autonomous replication. Their evolution proceeded from gram-positive bacteria, with the loss of many biosynthetic pathways and of the cell wall. In this work, the liposoluble protein complement of Mycoplasma agalactiae, a minimal bacterial pathogen causing mastitis, polyarthritis, keratoconjunctivitis, and abortion in small ruminants, was subjected to systematic characterization in order to gain insights into its membrane proteome composition.

Results
The selective enrichment for M. agalactiae PG2T liposoluble proteins was accomplished by means of Triton X-114 fractionation. Liposoluble proteins were subjected to 2-D PAGE-MS, leading to the identification of 40 unique proteins and to the generation of a reference 2D map of the M. agalactiae liposoluble proteome. Liposoluble proteins from the type strain PG2 and two field isolates were then compared by means of 2D DIGE, revealing reproducible differences in protein expression among isolates. An in-depth analysis was then performed by GeLC-MS/MS in order to achieve a higher coverage of the liposoluble proteome. Using this approach, a total of 194 unique proteins were identified, corresponding to 26% of all M. agalactiae PG2T genes. A gene ontology analysis and classification for localization and function was also carried out on all protein identifications. Interestingly, the 11.5% of expressed membrane proteins derived from putative horizontal gene transfer events.

Conclusions
This study led to the in-depth systematic characterization of the M. agalactiae liposoluble protein component, providing useful insights into its membrane organization.
Incidence of genital warts among the Hong Kong general adult population
Authors: Lin Chunqing , Lau Joseph TF , Ho King-Man , Lau Man-Chun , Tsui Hi-Yi , Lo Kuen-Kong 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
The objective of this study is to estimate the incidence of genital warts in Hong Kong and explore a way to establish a surveillance system for genital warts among the Hong Kong general population.

Methods
A total of 170 private doctors and all doctors working in the 5 local Social Hygiene Clinics (SHC) participated in this study. During the 14-day data collection period (January 5 through18, 2009), the participating doctors filled out a log-form on a daily basis to record the number of patients with genital warts. The total number of new cases of genital warts presented to private and public doctors in Hong Kong was projected using the stratification sampling method.

Results
A total of 721 (0.94%) adults presented with genital warts to the participating doctors during the two-week study period, amongst them 73 (10.1%) were new cases. The projected number of new cases of genital warts among Hong Kong adults was 442 (297 male and 144 female) during the study period. The incidence of genital warts in Hong Kong was estimated to be 203.7 per 100,000 person-years (respectively 292.2 and 124.9 per 100,000 person-years for males and females).

Conclusions
The incidence of genital warts is high among adults in Hong Kong. The study demonstrates the importance of collecting surveillance data from both private and public sectors.
Involvement of hyaluronidases in colorectal cancer
Authors: Bouga Helen , Tsouros Isidoros , Bounias Dimitrios , Kyriakopoulou Dora , Stavropoulos Michael S , Papageorgakopoulou Nikoletta , Theocharis Dimitrios A , Vynios Demitrios H 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Hyaluronidases belong to a class of enzymes that degrade, predominantly, hyaluronan. These enzymes are known to be involved in physiological and pathological processes, such as tumor growth, infiltration and angiogenesis, but their exact role in tumor promotion or suppression is not clear yet. Advanced colorectal cancer is associated with elevated amounts of hyaluronan of varying size. The aim of the present study was therefore to illuminate the importance of hyaluronidases in colon carcinoma progression.

Methods
The patients' samples (macroscopically normal and cancerous) were subjected to sequential extraction with PBS, 4 M GdnHCl and 4 M GdnHCl - 1% Triton X-100. The presence of the various hyaluronidases in the extracts was examined by zymography and western blotting. Their expression was also examined by RT-PCR.

Results
Among hyaluronidases examined, Hyal-1, -2, -3 and PH-20 were detected. Their activity was higher in cancerous samples. Hyal-1 and Hyal-2 were overexpressed in cancerous samples, especially in advanced stages of cancer. Both isoforms were mainly extracted with PBS. Hyal-3 was observed only in the third extract of advanced stages of cancer. PH-20 was abundant in all three extracts of all stages of cancer. The expression of only Hyal-1 and PH-20 was verified by RT-PCR.

Conclusion
A high association of hyaluronidases in colorectal cancer was observed. Each hyaluronidase presented different tissue distribution, which indicated the implication of certain isoforms in certain cancer stages. The results provided new evidence on the mechanisms involved in the progression of colorectal cancer.
Effectiveness of an intervention in groups of family caregivers of dependent patients for their application in primary health centers. Study protocol
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez Emiliano , Mora-Simón Sara , Porras-Santos Nieves , Patino-Alonso Maria C , Recio-Rodríguez José I , Becerro-Muñoz Concepción , Pérez-Arechaederra Diana , Gomez-Marcos Manuel A , Garcia-Ortiz Luis 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundAlthough Primary Health Care (PHC) Teams are used to deal with prevention and treatment of sanitary problems in adults with chronic diseases, they usually have a lack of experience in development of psychotherapeutic interventions. However, these interventions are the ones that achieve better results to reduce symptomatology and improve emotional state of caregivers.The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention of psychotherapy in improving the mental health and Quality of life of caregivers. This intervention is based on theoretical approaches to care adjusted to cognitive theory, in order to be applied in primary health care centres.Methods/DesignThis is multicentre clinical trials study, randomized in two parallel groups, carry out in two PHC, Study population: 150 caregivers will be included by consecutive sampling and they will be randomized the half to experimental group and the other half to control group. They provide mostly all the assistance to care-dependent familiars receiving attention in PHC Centers.Measurements: Each caregiver will be evaluated on a personal interview. The caregivers' assessment protocol: 1) Assessment of different socio-demographic related to care, and caregiver's personal situation. 2)Care-dependent individuals will also be assessed by Barthel Index and Pfeiffer Questionnaire (SPMSQ). 3)Change in caregivers will be the principal measure: family function (Family APGAR Questionnaire), burden short questionnaire (Short Zarit Burden Interview), quality of life (Ruiz & Baca: 1993 Questionnaire), the Duke-UNK Functional Social Support Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire-12, and changes in Dysfunctional Thoughts about caring. 4) Intervention implementation measures will also be assessed.Intervention: A psychotherapeutic intervention will be 8 sessions of 90 minutes in groups. This intervention has been initially developed for family caregivers of patients with dementia.DiscussionPsychotherapeutic interventions have been proved to obtain better results to reduce symptomatology and improve emotional state of caregivers. Moreover, this intervention has been proved to be effective in a different setting other than PHC, and was developed by professionals of Mental Health. If we found that this intervention is effective in PHC and with our professionals, it would be an important instrument to offer to caregivers of care-dependent patients.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01177696
In vivo induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes, glutathione transferase and quinone reductase by citrus triterpenoids
Authors: Perez Jose L , Jayaprakasha Guddarangavvanahally K , Cadena Adriana , Martinez Elvia , Ahmad Hassan , Patil Bhimanagouda S 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Several cell culture and animal studies demonstrated that citrus bioactive compounds have protective effects against certain types of cancer. Among several classes of citrus bioactive compounds, limonoids were reported to prevent different types of cancer. Furthermore, the structures of citrus limonoids were reported to influence the activity of phase II detoxifying enzymes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate how variations in the structures of citrus limonoids (namely nomilin, deacetyl nomilin, and isoobacunoic acid) and a mixture of limonoids would influence phase II enzyme activity in excised tissues from a mouse model.

Methods
In the current study, defatted sour orange seed powder was extracted with ethyl acetate and subjected to silica gel chromatography. The HPLC, NMR and mass spectra were used to elucidate the purity and structure of compounds. Female A/J mice were treated with three limonoids and a mixture in order to evaluate their effect on phase II enzymes in four different tissues. Assays for glutathione S-transferase and NAD(P)H: quinone reductase (QR) were used to evaluate induction of phase II enzymatic activity.

Results
The highest induction of GST against 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) was observed in stomach (whole), 58% by nomilin, followed by 25% isoobacunoic acid and 19% deacetyl nomilin. Deacetyl nomilin in intestine (small) as well as liver significantly reduced GST activity against CDNB. Additionally isoobacunoic acid and the limonoid mixture in liver demonstrated a significant reduction of GST activity against CDNB. Nomilin significantly induced GST activity against 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), intestine (280%) and stomach (75%) while deacetyl nomilin showed significant induction only in intestine (73%). Induction of GST activity was also observed in intestine (93%) and stomach (45%) treated with the limonoid mixture. Finally, a significant induction of NAD(P)H: quinone reductase (QR) activity was observed by the limonoid mixture in stomach (200%). In addition, the deacetyl nomilin treatment group displayed an increase in QR activity in liver (183%) and intestine (22%).

Conclusion
The results of the present study suggests that, dietary intake of citrus limonoids may provide a protective effect against the onset of various cancers by inducing the activity of certain phase II detoxifying enzymes in specific organs.