bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regimes of pain: The geopolitics of cancer palliation in Pakistan
Authors: Hayat Zahra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article examines how militarized regimes of narcotics and price control sustain unpalliated cancer pain in Pakistan. It shows how these regimes of control—reimagined as “regimes of pain”—render morphine, a cheap, effective opiate analgesic, scarce in hospitals. Meanwhile, heroin, morphine's illegal derivative, proliferates in illicit circuits. The article highlights a devastating consequence of the global wars against drugs and “terror”: the consignment of cancer patients to agonizing end‐of‐life pain. Widening the analytic lens upon palliation beyond bodies and their clinical encounters, the article offers a geopolitics of palliation. It shows how narcovigilance targeting illicit drugs has the perverse effect of throttling morphine's licit supply. It shows further how unviably low price ceilings, purported to ensure a poor population's access to morphine, render it scarce on the official market. These mutually reinforcing regimes of control thus thwart their own purported objectives, consigning cancer patients to preventable, yet unpalliated, pain.
Understanding the impact of selective fishery and bycatch on stock dynamics
Authors: Takashina Nao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAge/size selective fishery, which targets large individuals and retains immature individuals, is practiced worldwide. Yet, selective fishing can result in bycatch of undersized target species, posing a serious problem in stock management. In addition, there is a growing concern that intensive selective removal alters the composition of a population. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of selective fishery on stock dynamics is essential for sustainable fishery management. In this study, an age‐structured model based on the Schaefer model assumptions was used to investigate the effects of selective fisheries and their bycatch on stock dynamics. Local stability analyses suggest that selective fishery can cause undesirable oscillatory stock dynamics in fishery management. Numerical simulations revealed that maximum sustainable yield‐based management with a large age at maturity is more likely to lead to stock oscillations. Notably, bycatch, which is detrimental to the sustainability of the fishery, was found to reduce the oscillatory dynamics. Overall, selective fisheries tend to cause oscillatory stock dynamics in various situations. Selective fishing also tends to reduce the critical fishing effort that causes stock extinction; therefore, a precautionary approach is necessary to mitigate such issues.Recommendations for Resource Managers

Age/size selective fishing that retains immature individuals is practiced worldwide and often cause unwanted bycatch, thus requiring a solid understanding for successful management.
Selective fishing can cause fluctuations in stock dynamics that are undesirable for sustainable fisheries. This situation may be more likely to occur when the minimum age for fishing is large. It may also occur in fisheries based on maximum sustainable yield.
Precautionary management, such as the establishment of marine protected areas, is therefore required.
Search patterns, resource regeneration, and ambush locations impact the competition between active and ambush predators
Authors: Scharf Inon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMany predators ambush prey rather than pursue them or shift between foraging modes. Active predators typically encounter prey more frequently than ambush predators. I designed a simulation model to examine whether this always holds and how active and ambush predators fare in capturing mobile prey. Prey foraged for clumped resources using area‐restricted search, shifting from directional movement before resource encounter to less directional movement afterward. While active predators succeeded more than ambush predators, the advantage of active predators diminished when ambush predators were positioned inside resource patches rather than outside. I investigated the impact of eight treatments and their interactions. For example, regeneration of prey resources increased the difference between ambush predators inside and outside patches, and uncertain prey capture by predators decreased this difference. Several interactions resulted in outcomes different from each factor in isolation. For instance, reducing the directionality level of active predators impacted moderately when applied alone, but when combined with resource regeneration it led to the worst success of active predators against ambush predators inside patches. Ambush predators may not always be inferior to active predators, and one should consider the key traits of the studied system to predict the relative success of these two foraging modes.
Effects of bariatric surgery on muscle strength and quality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ibacache‐Saavedra Paulina , Martínez‐Rosales Elena , Jerez‐Mayorga Daniel , Miranda‐Fuentes Claudia , Artero Enrique G. , Cano‐Cappellacci Marcelo 
Published: June 2024

SummaryObesity is a major health burden worldwide. Although bariatric surgery (BS) is recognized as an effective strategy for weight loss and comorbidities improvement, its impact on muscle strength and quality is still unclear. We aimed to examine postoperative changes in muscle strength and quality and their relationship with body mass index (BMI) changes among adults undergoing BS. To this end, we systematically searched the WoS, PubMed, EBSCO, and Scopus databases. The meta‐analyses, which included 24 articles (666 participants), showed that BS reduces absolute lower‐limb isometric strength (ES = −0.599; 95% CI = ‐0.972, −0.226; p = 0.002). Subjects who experienced a more significant reduction in BMI after BS also suffered a higher loss of absolute muscle strength. Similarly, absolute handgrip strength showed a significant decrease (ES = −0.376; 95% CI = −0.630, −0.121; p = 0.004). We found insufficient studies investigating medium‐ and long‐term changes in muscle strength and/or quality after BS. This study provides moderate‐quality evidence that BS‐induced weight loss can reduce the strength of appendicular muscles in the short term, which should be addressed in management these subjects. More high‐quality studies are needed to evaluate the impact of BS on muscle strength and the different domains of muscle quality in the medium and long term (registered on PROSPERO CRD42022332581).
Upper eyelid morphology and age‐related changes in Japanese and Chinese females
Authors: Udodaira Kumiko , Yokoyama Emilie , Zhu Tingting , Wang Yang , Zhao Lina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMany consumers use cosmetic eye products to counteract age‐related changes in appearance. Measurements of eyelid shape in Asian women have been reported in the frontal view or 45‐degree profile only. The aim of this study was to describe morphological characteristics of the upper eyelid in Japanese and Chinese females from the frontal and profile aspects and examine morphological changes with age.Materials and methodsStandardized digital photographs of 772 Japanese and 346 Chinese women (15‐79 years of age) were acquired in frontal and 90‐degree profile aspects. Eleven upper eyelid parameters (e.g., width, length, depth, aperture, and curvature) were measured using image analysis to determine age‐related changes and compare by ethnicity.ResultsEyelid width, area between eyebrow and eyelid, and eyelid curvature were comparable for both ethnicities under age 40, but the aging effect was more pronounced in Chinese subjects. Eyelid height, depth, and upper eyelid aperture angle were also comparable for both ethnicities under age 40, but the aging effect was more evident in Japanese subjects. Upper eyelid incline angle, eye orientation, and upper eyelid protrusion angle changed comparably with age for both ethnicities. No prominent age‐related changes were evident for eyelid length or area between eyebrow and eye with the eye closed.ConclusionUpper eyelid morphology changes with age in Japanese and Chinese females, starting around 40 years of age. Ethnic differences are limited in younger age groups but become more prominent with age. The findings suggest that aging affects some upper eyelid features earlier than others.
Racial resentment, sexism, and evaluations of Kamala Harris in the 2020 U.S. presidential election
Authors: Knuckey Jonathan , Mathews Adrienne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis article examines the effect of racial attitudes and sexism on evaluations of Kamala Harris. It also compares the effect of these variables on evaluations of other Democratic politicians: Joe Biden, Barack Obama, and Hillary Clinton.MethodsData are taken from the 2020 American National Election Studies, using feeling thermometers for Harris, Biden, and Obama, and from the 2016 American National Election Studies for Clinton. Our primary independent variables are racial resentment and three measures of sexism: modern, hostile, and traditional sexism.ResultsRacial resentment, modern sexism, and traditional sexism exerted an effect on evaluations of Kamala Harris above and beyond other explanatory variables, including party identification and ideology. However, these effects did not differ considerably from those found for Biden, Obama, and Clinton.ConclusionsRacial resentment and sexism appear to be related to evaluations of any Democratic presidential or vice presidential nominee, reflecting how they have become salient in defining party identities. We speculate, however, that their effects might be even more visible for black women at the top of a presidential ticket, and provide major headwinds into which Kamala Harris may have to run when contemplating any future presidential candidacy of her own.
Real Estate-Backed Mortgages and Alternative Recovery Techniques: Evidence from Selected Banks in Tanzania
Authors: Kansheba Jonathan Mukiza Peter , Iddy Judith Jacob 
Published: June 2024

Inefficiencies accompanying foreclosures in recovering outstanding debts of real estate-backed mortgages have necessitated banks and other mortgage lenders to opt for alternative recovery techniques. Extant studies have focused much on the application of workouts mainly in developed economies (which are characterized by well-established real estate and financial markets) with less attention from emerging economies. This study aimed at exploring how banks in Tanzania apply alternative recovery techniques in real estate-backed mortgages. A qualitative approach was used to collect the data from multiple commercial banks in Tanzania. Interviews, annual reports, and government documents were used to triangulate the information. Findings revealed that different forms of workouts are preferred. The most preferred technique was mortgage modification, followed by mortgage refinancing. Other workout techniques such as forbearance, transfer of debt to a new borrower and short sale are minimally applied. Likewise, the banks were found applying the scare-tactics to enforce the customers do all they can to clear their debts before considering the use of the workouts. The study recommends that to facilitate optimal workouts, all stakeholders including the government, the bank systems, borrowers, and real property professionals must jointly cooperate for mutual benefits. The study proposed that further research could explore the fraudulent practice of borrowers that limit operationalization of workouts. Moreover, an investigation on whether borrowers’ benefit by changing terms of their repayment could be made. Finally, further studies are needed to investigate whether there is heterogeneity in the application of workouts between commercial and residential mortgage with a view to establishing whether borrowers’ default intentionally or not.
Involutions, links, and Floer cohomologies
Authors: Konno Hokuto , Miyazawa Jin , Taniguchi Masaki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe develop a version of Seiberg–Witten Floer cohomology/homotopy type for a 4‐manifold with boundary and with an involution that reverses the structure, as well as a version of Floer cohomology/homotopy type for oriented links with nonzero determinant. This framework generalizes the previous work of the authors regarding Floer homotopy type for spin 3‐manifolds with involutions and for knots. Based on this Floer cohomological setting, we prove Frøyshov‐type inequalities that relate topological quantities of 4‐manifolds with certain equivariant homology cobordism invariants. The inequalities and homology cobordism invariants have applications to the topology of unoriented surfaces, the Nielsen realization problem for nonspin 4‐manifolds, and nonsmoothable unoriented surfaces in 4‐manifolds.
Polymerase theta is a synthetic lethal target for killing Epstein-Barr virus lymphomas
Authors: Willman Griffin H. , Xu Huanzhou , Zeigler Travis M. , McIntosh Michael T. , Bhaduri-McIntosh Sumita 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Treatment options for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-cancers are limited, underscoring the need for new therapeutic approaches. We have previously shown that EBV-transformed cells and cancers lack homologous recombination (HR) repair, a prominent error-free pathway that repairs double-stranded DNA breaks; instead, EBV-transformed cells demonstrate genome-wide scars of the error-prone microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) repair pathway. This suggests that EBV-cancers are vulnerable to synthetic lethal therapeutic approaches that target MMEJ repair. Indeed, we have previously found that targeting PARP, an enzyme that contributes to MMEJ, results in the death of EBV-lymphoma cells. With the emergence of clinical resistance to PARP inhibitors and the recent discovery of inhibitors of Polymerase theta (POLθ), the polymerase essential for MMEJ, we investigated the role of POLθ in EBV-lymphoma cells. We report that EBV-transformed cell lines, EBV-lymphoma cell lines, and EBV-lymphomas in AIDS patients demonstrate greater abundance of POLθ, driven by the EBV protein EBNA1, compared to EBV-uninfected primary lymphocytes and EBV-negative lymphomas from AIDS patients (a group that also abundantly expresses POLθ). We also find POLθ enriched at cellular DNA replication forks and exposure to the POLθ inhibitor Novobiocin impedes replication fork progress, impairs MMEJ-mediated repair of DNA double-stranded breaks, and kills EBV-lymphoma cells. Notably, cell killing is not due to Novobiocin-induced activation of the lytic/replicative phase of EBV. These findings support a role for POLθ not just in DNA repair but also DNA replication and as a therapeutic target in EBV-lymphomas and potentially other EBV-cancers as EBNA1 is expressed in all EBV-cancers.

IMPORTANCE
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to ~2% of the global cancer burden. With a recent estimate of >200,000 deaths a year, identifying molecular vulnerabilities will be key to the management of these frequently aggressive and treatment-resistant cancers. Building on our earlier work demonstrating reliance of EBV-cancers on microhomology-mediated end-joining repair, we now report that EBV lymphomas and transformed B cell lines abundantly express the MMEJ enzyme POLθ that likely protects cellular replication forks and repairs replication-related cellular DNA breaks. Importantly also, we show that a newly identified POLθ inhibitor kills EBV-cancer cells, revealing a novel strategy to block DNA replication and repair of these aggressive cancers.
Draft genome sequences of
Streptomyces virginiae
strain CMAA1738,
Paenibacillus ottowii
strain CMAA1739 and
Pseudomonas inefficax
strain CMAA1741, isolated from rhizosphere of wheat landraces
Authors: Nishisaka Caroline Sayuri , Ventura João Paulo , Quevedo Hélio Danilo , Godoy Fernanda de Almeida , Rossmann Maike , Mendes Rodrigo 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

In this study, we have identified and characterized three genomes from bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of
Triticum aestivum. Streptomyces virginiae
CMAA1738 and
Paenibacillus ottowii
CMAA1739 were obtained from the wheat landrace Iran 1-29-11334, and
Pseudomonas inefficax
CMAA1741 was isolated from the wheat landrace Karakilcik.
Complete genome sequence of
Rhodococcus
sp. strain PD04, a pyridine-degrading bacterium under hypersaline condition
Authors: Huo Donghui , Hu Yangfan , Li Lanpeng , Gao Huipeng , Wang Meng , Guan Hao , Zhang Quan , Yu Bo 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence of a pyridine-degrading
Rhodococcus
sp. strain PD04 under 4% salinity environment, isolated from wastewater of coking plant. The genome is 6.07 Mb with 5,767 annotated gene coding sequences.
Complete genome sequence of
Staphylococcus hominis
FSEL1 isolated from chicken skin in South Korea
Authors: Ban Ga-Hee 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus hominis
FSEL1 has been isolated from chicken skin. The complete genome sequence of the bacterium comprised one chromosome and two plasmids of 2.44 Mbp. A total of 2,273 CDS, 2,473 genes, 19 rRNAs, 62 tRNAs, and 1 tmRNA were predicted to be present within the genome.
Draft genome sequence of
Xanthomonas arboricola
pv. pruni PVCT 262.1 isolated from
Prunus dulcis
in italy
Authors: Dimaria Giulio , Mosca Alexandros , Russo Marcella , Cubero Jaime , Pothier Joël F. , Koebnik Ralf , Catara Vittoria 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Xanthomonas arboricola
pv. pruni strain PVCT 262.1, isolated from almond (
Prunus dulcis
) leaves affected by bacterial spots in Italy in 2020. Genome size is 5,076,418 bp and G+C content is 65.44%. A total of 4,096 protein-coding genes and 92 RNAs are predicted.
Complete genome sequence of
Parvimonas micra
strain JM503A, a genetically tractable dental abscess clinical isolate
Authors: Higashi Dustin L. , Nguyen Anh , Qin Hua , Borland Christina , Palmer Elizabeth A. , Biais Nicolas , Kreth Jens , Merritt Justin 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Parvimonas micra
is a pathobiont of humans that is often found in abundance at sites of mucosal inflammation as well as within malignant tumors. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
P. micra
strain JM503A, which is a genetically tractable clinical isolate derived from a human odontogenic abscess specimen.
The complete genome of “
Candidatus
Phytoplasma fraxini” AshY1 from the ash yellows group
Authors: Böhm Jan W. , Huettel Bruno , Schneider Bernd , Kube Michael 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The complete genome of “
Candidatus
Phytoplasma fraxini” AshY1, originating from
Fraxinus americana
in North America, was assembled using long reads from single-molecule real-time sequencing technology. The chromosome of 598 kb provides insights into the effector repertoire of a phytopathogenic bacterium from the 16SrVII phytoplasma group.
Mycobacteriophage maravista: a cluster F1 phage discovered on Cape Cod, Massachusetts
Authors: Pelagalli Charles , Sera Debbie-Jacobs , DeGiorgis Joseph A. , Cornely Kathleen 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium virus Maravista
, a member of the family
Gracegardnervirianae
and species
Cheoctovirus
, is an F1 cluster phage that infects
Mycobacterium smegmatis
mc²155. The Maravista genome has 61.3% GC content, is 60,140 bp in length, and encodes 104 putative genes. Maravista encodes two putative glycosyltransferases, suggesting glycosylation of its capsid protein.
Global emergence of double and multi-carbapenemase producing organisms: epidemiology, clinical significance, and evolutionary benefits on antimicrobial resistance and virulence
Authors: Yuan Pei-Bo , Dai Li-Ting , Zhang Qi-Ke , Zhong Yu-Xia , Liu Wan-Ting , Yang Ling , Chen Ding-Qiang 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Redundant carbapenemase-producing (RCP) bacteria, which carry double or multiple carbapenemases, represent a new and concerning phenomenon. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology and genetic mechanisms of RCP strains to support targeted surveillance and control measures. A retrospective analysis was conducted using surveillance data from 277 articles. Statistical analysis was performed to determine and evaluate species prevalence, proportions of carbapenemases, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, sample information, and patient outcomes. Complete plasmid sequencing data were utilized to investigate potential antimicrobial resistance or virulence advantages that strains may gain from acquiring redundant carbapenemases. RCP bacteria are widely distributed globally, and their prevalence is increasing over time. Several countries, including China, India, Iran, Turkey, and South Korea, have reported more than 100 RCP strains. The most commonly reported RCP species are
Klebsiella pneumoniae
and
Acinetobacter baumannii
, which exhibit varying proportions of carbapenemase combinations. Certain species-carbapenemase combinations, such as
K. pneumoniae
carrying New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) + oxacillinase (OXA) (56.76%) and
K. pneumoniae
carbapenemase (KPC) + Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM) (50.00%) carbapenemases, are associated with high mortality rates. In patients with RCP strains isolated from the bloodstream and respiratory system, the mortality rates are 58.70% and 69.23%, respectively. Analysis of plasmids from RCP strains suggests that they may acquire additional antibiotic resistance phenotypes and virulence factors. Carbapenem-resistant bacteria carrying redundant carbapenemases pose a significant global health threat. This study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology and genetic mechanisms of these bacteria, supporting the development of effective control and prevention strategies to mitigate their transmission.

IMPORTANCE
This study examined the global distribution patterns of 1,780 bacteria with double or multiple carbapenemases from 277 articles and assessed their clinical impact. The presence of multiple carbapenemases increases the chances of co-resistance to other classes of antibiotics and more virulence factors, further complicating the clinical management of infections.
Impact of extended-spectrum chromosomal AmpC (ESAC) of
Escherichia coli
on susceptibility to cefiderocol
Authors: Raro Otávio Hallal Ferreira , Le Terrier Christophe , Nordmann Patrice , Poirel Laurent 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The impact of chromosomally encoded wild-type or extended-spectrum (ESAC) AmpC β-lactamases of
Escherichia coli
on susceptibility to ceftazidime, cefepime, and cefiderocol was evaluated in different genetic backgrounds, including wild-type, PBP3-modified, and porin-deficient
E. coli
strains. Recombinant
E. coli
strains possessing the different backgrounds and producing variable ESACs were evaluated. Although ESAC enzymes conferred resistance to ceftazidime and decreased susceptibility to cefepime as expected, we showed here that cefiderocol was also a substrate of ESAC enzymes.

IMPORTANCE

We showed here that chromosomally encoded intrinsic extended-spectrum cephalosporinases of
Escherichia coli
may impact susceptibility not only to ceftazidime and cefepime but also to cefiderocol.