bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family structure and the transition to early parenthood
Authors: Hofferth Sandra L. , Goldscheider Frances 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
With the rise in out-of-wedlock childbearing and divorce in the last quarter of the twentieth century, an increasing proportion of children have been exposed to a variety of new family forms. Little research has focused on the consequences of childhood family structure for men’s transition to fatherhood or on the family processes that account for the effects of family structure on the likelihood that young women and men become first-time unmarried parents, what we now call “fragile families.” The data come from the linked Children and Young Adult samples of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), which provide information on the children of the women of the NLSY79 from birth until they enter young adulthood. Females growing up with a single parent and males experiencing an unstable family transition to parenthood early, particularly to nonresidential fatherhood for males. For males, the effects are strongly mediated by parenting processes and adolescent behaviors and are shaped by economic circumstances. Having experienced multiple transitions as a child is associated with a reduced likelihood that males father their first child within marriage and an increased likelihood that they become fathers within cohabitation, demonstrating how changes in family structure alter family structure patterns over time and generations.
A comparative perspective on intermarriage: Explaining differences among national-origin groups in the United States
Authors: Kalmijn Matthijs , Van Tubergen Frank 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLittle is known about the validity of group-level theories of ethnic intermarriage despite the fact that such theories are often invoked in explaining why certain ethnic groups are “closed,” whereas others are relatively “open.” We develop a comparative perspective by analyzing the marriage choices of 94 national-origin groups in the United States, using pooled data from the Current Population Surveys, 1994–2006, and multilevel models in which individual and contextual determinants of intermarriage are included simultaneously. Our analyses show large differences in endogamy across groups. After taking compositional effects into account, we find that both structural and cultural group-level factors have significant effects on endogamy. Cultural explanations (which focus on the role of norms and preferences) play a more important role than structural explanations (which focus on meeting and mating opportunities). Our results reinforce the common but untested interpretation of endogamy in terms of group boundaries.
The impact of family policy expenditure on fertility in western Europe
Authors: Kalwij Adriaan 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This article analyzes the impact on fertility of changes in national expenditure for family allowances, maternity- and parental-leave benefits, and childcare subsidies. To do so, I estimate a model for the timing of births using individual-level data from 16 western European countries, supplemented with data on national social expenditure for different family policy programs. The latter allow approximation of the subsidies that households with children receive from such programs. The results show that increased expenditure on family policy programs that help women to combine family and employment-and thus reduce the opportunity cost of children—generates positive fertility responses.
Intergenerational mobility in the post-1965 immigration era: Estimates by an immigrant generation cohort method
Authors: Park Julie , Myers Dowell 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe new second generation of the post-1965 immigration era is observed as children with their parents in 1980 and again as adults 25 years later. Intergenerational mobility is assessed for both men and women in four major racial/ethnic groups, both in regard to children’s status attainment relative to parents and with regard to the rising societal standards proxied by native-born non-Hispanic whites. A profile of intergenerational mobility is prepared using multiple indicators of status attainment: high school and college completion, upper white-collar occupation, poverty, and homeowner ship. The immigrant generation cohort method we introduce accounts for four distinct temporal dimensions of immigrant progress, clarifying inconsistencies in the literature and highlighting differences in mobility between racial/ethnic groups and with respect to different outcome measures. The immigrant generation cohort method consistently finds greater intergenerational mobility than suggested by alternative approaches. Our analysis also shows that the intergenerational progress of women is greater than that of men and provides a more complete record of immigrant mobility overall. Findings for individual racial/ethnic groups accord with some expectations in the literature and contradict others.
How does the age gap between partners affect their survival?
Authors: Drefahl Sven 
Published: May 2010

AbstractI use hazard regression methods to examine how the age difference between spouses affects their survival. In many countries, the age difference between spouses at marriage has remained relatively stable for several decades. In Denmark, men are, on average, about three years older than the women they marry. Previous studies of the age gap between spouses with respect to mortality found that having a younger spouse is beneficial, while having an older spouse is detrimental for one’s own survival. Most of the observed effects could not be explained satisfactorily until now, mainly because of methodological drawbacks and insufficiency of the data. The most common explanations refer to selection effects, caregiving in later life, and some positive psychological and sociological effects of having a younger spouse. The present study extends earlier work by using longitudinal Danish register data that include the entire history of key demographic events of the whole population from 1990 onward. Controlling for confounding factors such as education and wealth, results suggest that having a younger spouse is beneficial for men but detrimental for women, while having an older spouse is detrimental for both sexes.
Biodemographic modeling of the links between fertility motivation and fertility outcomes in the NLSY79
Authors: Miller Warren B. , Bard David E. , Pasta David J. , Rodgers Joseph Lee 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
In spite of long-held beliefs that traits related to reproductive success tend to become fixed by evolution with little or no genetic variation, there is now considerable evidence that the natural variation of fertility within populations is genetically influenced and that a portion of that influence is related to the motivational precursors to fertility. We conduct a two-stage analysis to examine these inferences in a time-ordered multivariate context. First, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979, and LISREL analysis, we develop a structural equation model in which five hypothesized motivational precursors to fertility, measured in 1979–1982, predict both a child-timing and a child-number outcome, measured in 2002. Second, having chosen two time-ordered sequences of six variables from the SEM to represent our phenotypic models, we use Mx to conduct both univariate and multivariate behavioral genetic analyses with the selected variables. Our results indicate that one or more genes acting within a gene network have additive effects that operate through child-number desires to affect both the timing of the next child born and the final number of children born, that one or more genes acting through a separate network may have additive effects operating through gender role attitudes to produce downstream effects on the two fertility outcomes, and that no genetic variance is associated with either child-timing intentions or educational intentions.
Choice of study discipline and the postponement of motherhood in Europe: The impact of expected earnings, gender composition, and family attitudes
Authors: Van Bavel Jan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTheory suggests that the field of study may be at least as consequential for fertility behavior as the duration and level of education. Yet, this qualitative dimension of educational achievement has been largely neglected in demographic studies. This article analyzes the mechanisms relating the field of study with the postponement of motherhood by European college-graduate women aged 20–40. The second round of the European Social Survey is used to assess the impact of four features of study disciplines that are identified as key to reproductive decision making: the expected starting wage, the steepness of the earning profile, attitudes toward gendered family roles, and gender composition. The results indicate that the postponement of motherhood is relatively limited among graduates from study disciplines in which stereotypical attitudes about family roles prevail and in which a large share of the graduates are female. Both the level of the starting wage and the steepness of the earning profile are found to be associated with greater postponement. These results are robust to controlling for the partnership situation and the age at entry into the labor market.
Educational assortative mating and economic inequality: A comparative analysis of three Latin American countries
Authors: Torche Florencia 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Educational assortative mating and economic inequality are likely to be endogenously determined, but very little research exists on their empirical association. Using census data and log-linear and log-multiplicative methods, I compare the patterns of educational assortative mating in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico, and explore the association between marital sorting and earnings inequality across countries. The analysis finds substantial variation in the strength of specific barriers to educational intermarriage between countries, and a close association between these barriers and the earnings gaps across educational categories within countries. This finding suggests an isomorphism between assortative mating and economic inequality. Furthermore, educational marital sorting is remarkably symmetric across gender in spite of the different resources that men and women bring to the union. This study highlights the limitations of using single aggregate measures of spousal educational resemblance (such as the correlation coefficient between spouses’ schooling) to capture variation in assortative mating and its relationship with socioeconomic inequality.
Son targeting fertility behavior: Some consequences and determinants
Authors: Basu Deepankar , De Jong Robert 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This article draws out some implications of son targeting fertility behavior and studies its determinants. We demonstrate that such behavior has two notable implications at the aggregate level: (a) girls have a larger number of siblings (sibling effect), and (b) girls are born at relatively earlier parities within families (birth-order effect). Empirically testing for these effects, we find that both are present in many countries in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and North Africa but are absent in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Using maximum likelihood estimation, we study the effect of covariates on son targeting fertility behavior in India, a country that displays significant sibling and birth-order effects. We find that income and geographic location of families significantly affect son targeting behavior.
Processing of Pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptide: Furin and Corin as Candidate Convertases2
Authors: Semenov Alexander G , Tamm Natalia N , Seferian Karina R , Postnikov Alexander B , Karpova Natalia S , Serebryanaya Daria V , Koshkina Ekaterina V , Krasnoselsky Mihail I , Katrukha Alexey G 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its N-terminal fragment (NT-proBNP) are the products of the enzyme-mediated cleavage of their precursor molecule, proBNP. The clinical significance of proBNP-derived peptides as biomarkers of heart failure has been explored thoroughly, whereas little is known about the mechanisms of proBNP processing. We investigated the role of 2 candidate convertases, furin and corin, in human proBNP processing.Methods: We measured proBNP expression in HEK 293 and furin-deficient LoVo cells. We used a furin inhibitor and a furin-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) to explore the implication of furin in proBNP processing. Recombinant proBNPs were incubated with HEK 293 cells transfected with the corin-expressing plasmid. We applied mass spectrometry to analyze the products of furin- and corin-mediated cleavage.Results: Reduction of furin activity significantly impaired proBNP processing in HEK 293 cells. Furin-deficient LoVo cells were unable to process proBNP, whereas coexpression with furin resulted in effective proBNP processing. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that the furin-mediated cleavage of proBNP resulted in BNP 1–32, whereas corin-mediated cleavage led to the production of BNP 4–32. Some portion of proBNP in the plasma of heart failure patients was not glycosylated in the cleavage site region and was susceptible to furin-mediated cleavage.Conclusions: Both furin and corin are involved in the proBNP processing pathway, giving rise to distinct BNP forms. The significance of the presence of unprocessed proBNP in circulation that could be cleaved by the endogenous convertases should be further investigated for better understanding BNP physiology.
<i>Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur</i> by Dr Rishikeshab Raj Regmi
Authors: Jha Hemant Kumar 
Published: May 2010

Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur by Dr Rishikeshab Raj RegmiNirala Publications, New Delhi. DOI: 10.3126/opsa.v4i0.1090Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.4 1994 p.146-149
Forest, people's participation and conflicts in Nepal
Authors: Regmi Rishikeshab Raj 
Published: May 2010

The PDF of this file is 1,961 kbytes in size and therefore will take a long time to download if you click on the PDF link below. If you would like the file to be sent to you by email, please send a request to info@nepjol.info. Please include the citation below in your request. DOI:	10.3126/opsa.v6i0.1098Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2000 p.1-14
Restoration of democracy and people's empowerment in Nepal
Authors: Pyakuryal Kailash N 
Published: May 2010

The PDF of this file is 1,352 kbytes in size and therefore will take a long time to download if you click on the PDF link below. If you would like the file to be sent to you by email, please send a request to info@nepjol.info. Please include the citation below in your request. DOI:	10.3126/opsa.v6i0.1099Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2000 p.15-25
Environmental pollution and awareness in Pokhara City: A sociological perspective
Authors: Parajuli Biswo Kalyan 
Published: May 2010

The PDF of this file is 2,414 kbytes in size and therefore will take a long time to download if you click on the PDF link below. If you would like the file to be sent to you by email, please send a request to info@nepjol.info. Please include the citation below in your request. DOI:	10.3126/opsa.v6i0.1103Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2000 p.74-92
An anthropological perspective on shifting cultivation: A case study of Khoriya cultivation in the Arun Valley of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Suresh 
Published: May 2010

The PDF of this file is 2,442 kbytes in size and therefore will take a long time to download if you click on the PDF link below. If you would like the file to be sent to you by email, please send a request to info@nepjol.info. Please include the citation below in your request. DOI:	10.3126/opsa.v6i0.1104Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2000 p.93-111
Social engineering approach to air quality challenge: The case of Kathmandu
Authors: Arya Ramesh C 
Published: May 2010

The PDF of this file is 1,516 kbytes in size and therefore will take a long time to download if you click on the PDF link below. If you would like the file to be sent to you by email, please send a request to info@nepjol.info. Please include the citation below in your request. DOI:	10.3126/opsa.v6i0.1105Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2000 p.112-122
L'occupation du bassin de Neuwied (Rhénanie centrale, Allemagne) par les Magdaléniens et les groupes à Federmesser (aziliens)
Authors: Street Martin , Gelhausen Frank , Grimm Sonja , Moseler Frank , Niven Laura , Sensburg Martina , Turner Elaine , Wenzel Stefan , Jöris Olaf 
Published: May 2010

Schaaffhausen’s initial excavation, two large Magdalenian sites •Andernach and Gönnersdorf •as well as six Federmesser sites are known from the Central Rhineland. The latter are Andernach (upper find horizon), Boppard, Niederbieber (the most extensive of these sites), Kettig and Urbar, all of which pre-date the Laacher See eruption, and Bad Breisig, post-dating this event. Furthermore, repeated discoveries of isolated hearths show human activities in the Allerød landscape away from the larger encampments. The archaeological record provides detailed insight into both the environment and life of the Central Rhineland Magdalenian and Federmesser
groups and their material culture. The changes in environment and available subsistence resources between the Magdalenian and Federmesser
groups were accompanied by radical shifts in material technology, the internal spatial organisation of settlements and the manifestation of artistic expression. By contrast with these well-defined groups, the •cultures” intermediate between the Magdalenian hunter-gatherers of the open loess steppe and the Federmesser groups of the interstadial woodlands are scarcely known. The only evidence for this interval comes from the southwestern part of the Gönnersdorf site and from the burials at Bonn-Oberkassel and Neuwied-Irlich.
Intonation, Regard et Genres dans le dialogue à bâtons rompus
Authors: Morel Mary-Annick 
Published: May 2010

Mary-Annick Morel: Intonation, looks and genres in a French conversation.
We analyzed an extract from a free dialogue. The results show the great variability in the different genres employed by the speaker. This variability is not due to the speaker himself, since he knows the current object of discourse, but rather to the vocal and gestural feedback of the listener. Even if they follow the implicit rules of a smart running dialogue in French, these backchannels always provoke breaches in the dialogue, thus obliging the speaker to reorientate his discourse and adopt another genre.
La Bulgarie dans la « Quatrième Guerre balkanique »
Authors: Lory Bernard 
Published: May 2010

Bernard Lory,
La Bulgarie dans la «Quatrième Guerre balkanique»
La place de la Bulgarie dans la Deuxième Guerre mondiale connaît à l’heure actuelle une réévaluation, qui varie selon qu’on se place dans une perspective strictement bulgare (pro ou anticommuniste) ou régionale (balkanique ou européenne). Les principaux thèmes débattus sont: le choix de l’alliance allemande, le renflouage territorial opéré sans coup férir et la politique d’occupation dans les «nouveaux territoires», la mort du roi Boris III et le marasme politique qui en résulta, le revirement d’alliance du 9 septembre 1944 et la mainmise soviétique sur le pays.
Le dieu cavalier à l'anguipède dans la Cité des Arvernes
Authors: Fournier Pierre-François 
Published: May 2010

Inventaire des statues du dieu dit cavalier à l'anguipède découvertes jusqu'à présent dans la cité des Arvernes : Egliseneuve-près-Billom, Les Martres-d'Artières, Le Mont-Dore, Neschers. Toutes proviennent de la moitié septentrionale de la cité. En y rattachant un fragment trouvé à Meymac (cité des Lémoviques), elles forment le groupe le plus méridional de ces représentations (à l'exception d'un exemplaire isolé, près de Libourne).
Elles sont une manifestation d'un culte de Jupiter, dieu de la foudre, culte d'origine gauloise, adapté aux conceptions et à la plastique du monde gréco-romain. L'interprétation vraisemblable est que le dieu, sur son cheval (peut-être symbole des nuages orageux), lance sa foudre (symbolisée tantôt par le foudre, gréco-romain, tantôt par la roue, gauloise), par le moyen de laquelle il provoque la pluie (symbolisée par le monstre, qui est un triton et non un « anguipède »).
La question des Champs d'urnes en Bourbonnais
Authors: Abauzit Pierre 
Published: May 2010

Die Frage tier U rnenf elder kultur im « Bourbonnais »
Der Verfasser hat alle auf die Urnenfelder im « Bourbonnais » bezüglichen Belegstucke zusammengetragen : Aufsatze und gelegentliche Erwähnungen in Zeitschriften, veröffentlichte und unveroffentlichte Zeichnungen und erhaltene Keramik.
1.— Dompierre-sur-Besbre (Allier) : Friedhof mit zweifellos auschliesslicher Brandbestattung, dessen topographische Lage genau bekannt und der noch nicht vollig zerstort ist. Die Urnen wurden von tassenformigen Deckeln geschtitzt, die an die aus Pougues (Nièvre) (fig. 1, n° 6) erinnern, oder mit doppelten Girlanden verziert in der Art der rheinisch — schweizerischen Gruppe Kimmigs (fig. 1, n° 4). Bei den Urnen handelt es sich im allgemeinen um bikonische Zylinderhalsurnen mit feinem Furchendekor tiber dem Wand- kinck (fig. 1, n° 5 und II, n° 4) oder senkrechten, schrâgen und mit Nuppen oder kleinen Einkerbungen abwechselnden Rillen auf dem Wandknick (fig 1, n°» 1, 2, 3 und fig. 2 nos 1, 2).
Neben der feinen, geglâtteten gräulichen oder schwärzlichen Keramik kommt auch eine grobe Gebrauchsware vor, die bei der Leichenverbrennung verwendet wird (fig. 2, nos 1, 2, 5).
Seltenere und nicht adgebildete Grabbeigaben sind : Armund Halsreifen, Bronzefragmente und Silices.
2.— La Ferté-Hauterive : Friedhof, wahrscheinlich mit Urnen-und Leichenbestattung. Eine Bestattung ist aus einigen Skizzen bekannt (fig. 2, n° 6, 7, 8) : Bikonische Urne, Kugelkopfnadel, Rasiermesser mit durchbrochenem Griff. Aehnlichkeit mit dem Material von Pougues (Nièvre).
3.— Saligny-sur-Roudon : Eine Brandbestattung in einer Kugelurne, darin cin kleineres Gefäss aus feinemt Ton. Beide nur aus Zeichnung bekannt (fig. 2 n° 9).
4.— Pougues-les-Eaux (Nièvre) : Bisher unveroffentlichte Zeichnung einer Urne mit Schrägrifen und Nuppen im Stile des Materials aus der Hohle von Courchapon (Doubs), fig. 2, n° 10.
L'oppidum éduen de Decize-sur-Loire : la position et le rôle de cette place dans la campagne de 52 avant J.-C.
Authors: Thévenot Emile 
Published: May 2010

Es geht hier um die Motive der Wahl von Decetia (= Decize-sur-Loire) als Platz für das Schiedsgericht Caesars zwischen Cotus und Convictolitavis. Der Grund, den Caesar anführt — dass namlich der Senat der Haeduer sein Gebiet nicht verlassen dürfeist nicht stichhaltig. Der Ort Nevers (das antike Nebernum und nicht Noviodunum) hätte diese Funktion auch erfiillen können, ohne dass Cesar sich so weit hlitte bemuhen müssen. ,
In Wirklichkleit ging es Caesar um folgendes :
1. Sich einer strategischen Position in der Niihe von Bibracte zu bemächtigen und so einen Druck auf die Haeduer auszuüben, die sich anschichten von den Romern abzufallen. Decetia ist die Stelle, wo die gallische Strasse Bibracte-Avaricum (Bourges) die Loire uberschreitet. 2. Caesar wollte seinen Truppen in der Niihe eines Knotenpunktes versammeln, von wo aus es ihm ein leichtes war, nach Einschiichterung des' Haeduer sein Heer in zwei Teile zu teilen, deren einen er gegen Norden ins Gebiet der Senonen und Parisier, deren andern er gegen die Averner zu senden gedachte. Decetia war der Kreuzugspunkt der schon genannten. Strasse mit einer Seitenstrasse auf dem rechten Loire — ufer, die eine Verbindung sowohl nach Sens wie auch nach Orléans und Paris ermoglichte.