bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy efficient genetic‐based schedulers in computational grids
Authors: Kołodziej Joanna , Khan Samee Ullah , Wang Lizhe , Zomaya Albert Y. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryIn today's highly parametrized distributed computational environments, such as green grid clusters and clouds, the growing power and cooling rates are becoming the dominant part of the users' and system managers' budgets. Computational grids, owing to their sheer sizes, still require advanced methodologies and strategies for supporting the scheduling of the users' tasks and applications to the distributed resources. The efficient resource allocation becomes even more challenging when energy utilization, beyond the conventional scheduling criteria, such as Makespan, is treated as first‐class additional scheduling objective. In this paper, we address the independent batch scheduling in computational grid as a bi‐objective global minimization problem with Makespan and energy consumption as the main criteria. We apply the dynamic voltage and frequency scaling model for the management of the cumulative power energy utilized by the grid resources. We develop three genetic algorithms as energy‐aware grid schedulers, which were empirically evaluated in three grid size scenarios in static and dynamic modes. The simulation results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed genetic algorithm‐based schedulers in the reduction of the energy consumed by the whole system and in dynamic load balancing of the resources in grid clusters, which is sufficient to maintain the desired quality level(s). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐voltage low‐power CMOS receiver front‐end for gigabit short‐reach optical communications
Authors: Gimeno C. , Aldea C. , Celma S. , Aznar F. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis article presents a new CMOS receiver analog front‐end for short‐reach high‐speed optical communications, which compensates the limited product bandwidth length of 1‐mm step‐index plastic optical fiber (SI‐POF) channels (45 MHz · 100 m) and the required large‐diameter high‐capacitance Si PIN photodetector (0.8 mm–3 pF). The proposed architecture, formed by a transimpedance amplifier and a continuous‐time equalizer, has been designed in a standard 0.18‐µm CMOS process with a single supply voltage of only 1 V, targeting gigabit transmission for simple no‐return‐to‐zero modulation consuming less than 23 mW. Experimental results validate the approach for cost‐effective gigabit SI‐POF transmission. Comparative analysis with previously reported POF receivers has been carried out by introducing a useful figure of merit. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of a Jup hypomorphic allele reveals a critical threshold for postnatal viability
Authors: Swope David , Li Jifen , Muller Eliane J. , Radice Glenn L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMutations in the human Jup gene cause arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), a heart muscle disease that often leads to sudden cardiac death. Inactivation of the murine Jup gene (also known as plakoglobin) results in embryonic lethality due to cardiac rupture. In an effort to generate a conditional knockout allele, a neomycin cassette was introduced into the murine plakoglobin (PG) gene. This allele (PG FN) functions as a hypomorph when combined with a null allele (PG Δ). About half of the PG FN/Δ animals were smaller than their littermates and died before weaning age, whereas the remaining PG FN/Δ animals survived. Despite the reduced levels of PG in the heart, there were no signs of cardiomyopathy or cardiac dysfunction as determined by echocardiography. Importantly, the PG homolog, β‐catenin (CTNNB1), was increased in the PG FN/Δ hearts. In addition to its structural role as part of the N‐cadherin/catenin adhesion complex, β‐catenin is a downstream effector of Wnt signaling. However, no change in β‐catenin/TCF reporter activity was observed in PG FN/Δ embryos suggesting that excess β‐catenin was not likely causing increased transcription of Wnt/β‐catenin target genes. These data suggest novel function(s) for PG beyond the heart and define a critical threshold of PG expression that is necessary for postnatal survival. genesis 50:717–727, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generation of conditional alleles for Foxc1 and Foxc2 in mice
Authors: Sasman Amy , Nassano‐Miller Carey , Shim Kyoo Seok , Koo Hyun Young , Liu Ting , Schultz Kathryn M. , Millay Meredith , Nanano Atsushi , Kang Myengmo , Suzuki Takashi , Kume Tsutomu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe Forkhead box transcription factors, Foxc1 and Foxc2, are crucial for development of the eye, cardiovascular network, and other physiological systems, but their cell‐type specific and postdevelopmental functions are unknown, in part because conventional (i.e., whole‐organism) homozygous‐null mutations of either factor result in perinatal death. Here, we describe the generation of mice with conditional‐null Foxc1flox and Foxc2flox mutations that are induced via Cre‐mediated recombination. Mice homozygous for the unrecombined alleles are viable and fertile, indicating that the conditional alleles retain their wild‐type function. The embryos of Foxc1flox or Foxc2flox mice crossed with Cre‐deleter mice that are homozygous for the recombined allele (i.e., Foxc1Δ/Δ or Foxc2Δ/Δ embryos) lack expression of the corresponding gene and show the same developmental defects observed in conventional homozygous mutant embryos. We expect these conditional mutations to enable characterization of the cell‐type specific functions of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in development, disease, and adult animals. genesis 50:766–774, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Targeting Carbonic Anhydrases with Fluorescent BODIPY‐Labelled Sulfonamides
Authors: Waghorn Philip A. , Jones Michael W. , McIntyre Alan , Innocenti Alessio , Vullo Daniela , Harris Adrian L. , Supuran Claudiu T. , Dilworth Jonathan R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn the pursuit of dual‐mode imaging agents of the tumour hypoxia markers carbonic anhydrases (CA) IX and XII, sulfonamides 4‐(2‐aminoethyl)benzenesulfonamide and 1,3,4‐thiadiazole were functionalised with a 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐borata‐3a‐azonia‐4a‐aza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) dye to afford fluorescent aromatic sulfonamide conjugates as potential agents for simultaneous positron emission tomography and fluorescence imaging. Both compounds exhibited nanomolar potency as inhibitors of four CA isoforms: the cytosolic CA I and II, and the transmembrane CA IX and XII. Cell uptake experiments with a CA IX positive and null cell line showed no uptake with the 1,3,4‐thiadiazole species in either cell line, whilst the benzenesulfonamide species showed uniform internalisation in both cell lines that limited these compounds as selective imaging agents.
Vibrational Spectroscopy of Mono‐ and Polynuclear Spin‐Crossover Systems
Authors: Wolny Juliusz A. , Diller Rolf , Schünemann Volker 
Published: April 2012

AbstractVibrational spectroscopy can be used to follow spin transition processes, induced by a change of temperature, pressure, or irradiation with light of suitable wavelength, in spin‐crossover (SCO) molecules. In this contribution, recent applications of infrared and Raman spectroscopy, as well as nuclear inelastic scattering (NIS), are reviewed. In the past, vibrational spectroscopic methods have been used to identify spin marker bands that reflect the different spin states in a sample. This application is certainly still one of the major ones and is used especially in connection with mode assignments by modern density functional calculations. However, during the last years also major progress has been achieved (1) in studying nano‐ and microstructures of SCO complexes, (2) in the search for spin domains, and (3) also in the investigation of the spin switch process itself, which is nowadays studied not only by ultrafast time‐dependent UV/Vis spectroscopy, but also by femtosecond IR and Raman spectroscopy.
What chemicals will we need to capture CO2?
Authors: Bara Jason E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA number of solvents have been proposed for CO2 capture from post‐combustion flue gas streams. Currently, the solvents furthest along in development are aqueous amine solutions, stemming from nearly a century of use and know‐how developed within the natural gas industry. Of these, monoethanolamine (MEA) is perhaps the most well‐known, thoroughly studied, and readily available, yet likely cannot meet the stringent energy and cost limitations required to economically achieve 90% CO2 capture at coal‐fired power plants. Also in development are piperazine (PZ) and several hindered and ‘advanced’ amines, which show great potential to improve energy efficiency and stability, but are not yet produced on a scale approaching that of MEA. Many other novel solvents have also been proposed, but few have been taken beyond bench‐scale activities. Eventually, as CO2 capture processes are broadly deployed worldwide, the solvent(s) with the most favorable economics and performance will need to be manufactured in annual quantities of 1 Mton or greater, effectively creating at least one new chemical of global industrial importance. With the ultimate goal of deep reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in mind, the processes by which chemicals for CO2 capture are manufactured should also be considered in terms of their energy requirements, efficiencies, waste products, and CO2 emissions. This review begins to address some of these technical and economic questions by examining the manufacture of several amines that have been proposed for post‐combustion CO2 capture, as well as the fundamental building block of all amines, ammonia. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Promoted CO2 absorption in aqueous ammonia
Authors: Yu Hai , Xiang Qunyang , Fang Mengxiang , Yang Qi , Feron Paul 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAqueous ammonia is a promising solvent for post combustion CO2 capture but the CO2 absorption rate in aqueous ammonia alone is low. This short communication investigates the effect of seven additives as potential promoters of CO2 absorption in aqueous ammonia, and aims to inspire more research to develop effective promoters to increase CO2 absorption in aqueous ammonia and further advance the aqueous ammonia‐based capture process. The additives were monoethanolamine, piperazine, 1‐methyl piperazine, 4‐amino piperidine and the sodium salts of three amino acids: sarcosine, taurine and glycine. Experiments were performed on a wetted wall column at an absorption temperature of 15 °C using 3 M (mol/L) NH3 in the presence and absence of 0. 3 M of each additive. CO2 mass transfer coefficients increased to different extents in the presence of different additives. Piperazine, 1‐methyl piperazine and sarcosine sodium salt promoted CO2 absorption in aqueous NH3 to a greater extent than the other additives. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Formation of phosphorus‐containing cage structures in the reaction of 2‐ethoxyvinylphosphonic acid dichloroanhydride with resorcinol and its derivatives
Authors: Sadykova Yulia M. , Dalmatova Natalia V. , Voronina Yulia K. , Burilov Alexander R. , Pudovik Michael A. , Sinyashin Oleg G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe scheme of formation of bicyclic phosphonates 3 synthesized on the basis of resorcinol and its derivatives was suggested based on the model reactions of dichloroanhydride 1 with 3‐methoxyphenol 7 in the presence of triethylamine with a variable ratio of reagents. Composition and structure of the products obtained were confirmed according to 1H and 31P NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X‐ray analysis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:340–344, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21022
Electrophysiological and morphological properties of neurons in layer 5 of the rat postrhinal cortex
Authors: Sills Joseph B. , Connors Barry W. , Burwell Rebecca D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe postrhinal (POR) cortex of the rat is homologous to the parahippocampal cortex of the primate based on connections and other criteria. POR provides the major visual and visuospatial input to the hippocampal formation, both directly to CA1 and indirectly through connections with the medial entorhinal cortex. Although the cortical and hippocampal connections of the POR cortex are well described, the physiology of POR neurons has not been studied. Here, we examined theelectrical and morphological characteristics of layer 5 neurons from POR cortex of 14‐ to 16‐day‐old rats using an in vitro slice preparation. Neurons were subjectively classified as regular‐spiking (RS), fast‐spiking (FS), or low‐threshold spiking (LTS) based on their electrophysiological properties and similarities with neurons in other regions of neocortex. Cells stained with biocytin included pyramidal cells and interneurons with bitufted or multipolar dendritic patterns. Similarity analysis using only physiological data yielded three clusters that corresponded to FS, LTS, and RS classes. The cluster corresponding to the FS class was composed entirely of multipolar nonpyramidal cells, and the cluster corresponding to the RS class was composed entirely of pyramidal cells. The third cluster, corresponding to the LTS class, was heterogeneous and included both multipolar and bitufted dendritic arbors as well as one pyramidal cell. We did not observe any intrinsically bursting pyramidal cells, which is similar to entorhinal cortex but unlike perirhinal cortex. We conclude that POR includes at least two major classes of neocortical inhibitory interneurons, but has a functionally restricted cohort of pyramidal cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expanding early childhood mental health consultation to new venues: Serving infants and young children in domestic violence and homeless shelters
Authors: Brinamen Charles F. , Taranta Adriana N. , Johnston Kadija 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe number of infants and young children affected by homelessness and domestic violence is growing, and the effect of these experiences on children is wide‐ranging. Early childhood mental health consultation (ECMHC) has expanded to these settings to help the adults attend to very young children whose needs are often obscured by families' crises. Recent research in ECMHC to childcare has cited the salience of the consultant–consultee relationship as the central contributor to positive change in caregiver's behavior and children's experience. This article explores the similarities and variations in the consultant's way of being that are necessary to expand this relationship‐based ECMHC model to adult‐focused settings. This has incorporated a combination of consultative shifts: expanded training, appreciation for families' survival priorities, attention to the effects of unavoidable adult decisions on children, increased tolerance for the affect this raises in parents and caseworkers, and greater efforts to create space for reflection and thinking. Caseworkers' attenuated contact with and limited prior knowledge about young children creates challenges in identifying and responding to concerns about children. The particular systemic and relational difficulties that emerge in shelters and that influence caseworkers' responsiveness to clients are explored.
GED and other noncredit courses: The other side of the community college
Authors: Ryder Andrew J. , Hagedorn Linda Serra 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis chapter examines the involvement of the community college in the GED process as well as the academic outcomes for high school dropouts who have enrolled in the program. Using Iowa as an example, the chapter examines the available data and derives important policies for GED in specific and other noncredit coursework in general.
Auditing your executive compensation plan
Authors: Cornell Robert M. , Schwartz Jr. William C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCorporations' compensation practices have recently received increased scrutiny from investors, lawmakers, auditors, and regulators. Incentive pay packages, especially at financial firms, have been described as excessive and out of control. However, incentive plans remain a critical mechanism for firms to attract, reward, and motivate employees to work in ways to maximize firm value. Additionally, compensation costs are a significant expenditure that firms must continually manage and monitor. This article discusses why incentive compensation is important to firm management, barriers to effective incentive compensation, and suggestions for how CEOs, CFOs, and boards of directors can improve the link between incentives and the health of the firm. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interaction between alkyl radicals and single wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Denis Pablo A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe addition of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl radicals to single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was studied by means of dispersion corrected density functional theory. The PBE, B97‐D, M06‐L, and M06‐2X functionals were used. Consideration of Van der Waals interactions is essential to obtain accurate addition energies. In effect, the enthalpy changes at 298 K, for the addition of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and tert‐butyl radicals onto a (5,5) SWCNT are: −25.7, −25.1, −22.4, and −16.6 kcal/mol, at the M06‐2X level, respectively, whereas at PBE/6‐31G* level they are significantly lower: −25.0, −19.0, −16.7, and −5.0 kcal/mol respectively. Although the binding energies are small, the attached alkyl radicals are expected to be stable because of the large desorption barriers. The importance of nonbonded interactions was more noticeable as we moved from primary to tertiary alkyl radicals. Indeed, for the tert‐butyl radical, physisorption onto the (11,0) SWCNT is preferred rather than chemisorption. The bond dissociation energies determined for alkyl radicals and SWCNT follow the trend suggested by the consideration of radical stabilization energies. However, they are in disagreement with some degrees of functionalization observed in recent experiments. This discrepancy would stem from the fact that for some HiPco nanotubes, nonbonded interactions with alkyl radicals are stronger than covalent bonds. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Healthcare innovation barriers: Results of a survey of certified professional healthcare risk managers
Authors: Bunting Jr. Robert F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMedical errors cause significant patient injuries, including deaths. Innovations designed to improve quality and reduce risk are numerous, as are the barriers that prevent innovation implementation. The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationships, if any, between the independent variables of hospital bed size and organizational structure, and the dependent variable barriers to three innovations: implementing a surgical safety checklist, preventing catheter‐associated urinary tract infections, and adopting patient‐ and family‐centered care. The findings strengthen and expand existing research and serve as the foundation for understanding barriers to implementation of three healthcare innovations. Future research should focus on organizational culture instead of innovation‐specific barriers and should incorporate other independent variables, such as organizational profitability.
Beyond FMEA: The structured what‐if technique (SWIFT)
Authors: Card Alan J. , Ward James R. , Clarkson P. John 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAlthough it is probably the best‐known prospective hazard analysis (PHA) tool, failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is far from the only option available. This article introduces one of the alternatives: The structured what‐if technique (SWIFT). SWIFT is a flexible, high‐level risk identification technique that can be used on a stand‐alone basis, or as part of a staged approach to make more efficient use of bottom‐up methods like FMEA. In this article we describe the method, assess the evidence related to its use in healthcare with the use of a systematic literature review, and suggest ways in which it could be better adapted for use in the healthcare industry. Based on the limited evidence available, it appears that healthcare workers find it easy to learn, easy to use, and credible. Especially when used as part of a staged approach, SWIFT appears capable of playing a useful role as component of the PHA armamentarium.
Synthesis and in vivo evaluation (PIG) of CP‐643,051, the N‐[11C]methyl analogue of the NK1 receptor antagonist CP‐122,721
Authors: Bender D. , Smith D. F. , Marthi K. , Gjedde A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe goal of this study was the synthesis and in vivo evaluation of a non‐peptide compound for studying the NK1 receptor by PET. An N‐methyl analogue of CP‐122, 721, i. e. CP‐643, 051 was chosen. Radiolabelling was achieved by N‐methylation of CP‐122, 721 with [11C]methyl iodide. Within 38 min (from EOB) 680 MBq of [11C]CP‐643, 051 (radiochemical yield: 7%, purity >95%, S.A.: 37 GBq/μmol) was produced. Brain uptake and distribution were studied in anaesthetised pig. In conclusion, due to low brain uptake the compound is not a suitable ligand for studying the NK1 receptor in vivo.
[18F]fluoropropylsqualamine as an angiogenesis imaging agent
Authors: Shiue C‐Y. , Shiue G. G. , Alavi A. A. , Jones S. , Zasloff M. A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAngiogenesis is an essential event in many physiological processes such as wound repair, ovulation, and embryogenesis. Neovascularization is also a key component of many pathological processes such as inflammation, glaucoma, diabetic, myocardial ischemia, psoriasis and tumor formation (1, 2). New vessel formation in both physiological and pathological states begins with the activation of endothelial cells in established venules or capillaries in response to an angiogenic stimulus. For tumor‐induced angiogenesis, endothelial activation is mediated by a variety of soluble mitogens produced by the tumor cells that act in a paracrine manner via specific receptors on the endothelial cell (3). Angiogenesis inhibition has become a well‐described antitumor treatment strategy, because avascular tumors are incapable of growth and have little metastatic potential (4). Antagonists of receptors of specific mitogens have been used to inhibit neovascularization in experimental models (5, 6), but a specific receptor antagonist does not necessarily offer protection against tumors that are known to secrete a variety of angiogenic factors. Squalamine (1, Figure 1) is a natural aminosterol found in the tissues of the dogfish shark, which was initially identified based on its antimicrobial activity (7). Recently, we have synthesized (8) and shown that squalamine inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in multiple animals models (9). This effect is mediated, at least in part, by blocking mitogen‐induced proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, thus preventing neovascularization of the tumor. Compound 1 has no observable effect on unstimulated endothelial cells, is not directly cytotoxic to tumor cells, does not alter mitogen production by tumor cells, has no obvious effects on the growth of newborn vertebrates, and has remarkable effects on the primitive vascular bed of the chick chorioallantoic membrane, which has striking similarities to tumor capillaries. Its fluorinated analog, N‐fluoropropylsqualamine (2) has similar biological properties as that of compound 1. Therefore, we have synthesized N‐[18F]fluoropropylsqualamine (2) and evaluated it as an angiogenesis imaging agent.
Synthesis of [11C]S12968 and [11C]S12967 for imaging the cardiac calcium channels using pet
Authors: Dollé F. , Valette H. , Hinnen F. , Demphel S. , Bramoullé Y. , Péglion J.‐L. , Crouzel C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe dihydropyridines S12968 and S12967, two potent and selective calcium channel antagonists, have been labelled with carbon‐11 using no‐carrier‐added [11C]methyl triflate and the dedicated, enantiomerically pure carboxylic acid precursor at 100°C for 1 minute. Based on preliminary PET experiments, only S12968 appears to be suitable for myocardial PET imaging.