bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 2,4‐dinitrophenyl group for protection of hydroxyl function of tyrosine during solid‐phase peptide synthesis
Authors: PHILOSOF‐OPPENHEIMER RACHEL , PECHT ISRAEL , FRIDKIN MATI 
Published: August 2010

The facile thiolytic cleavage of the O‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl (Dnp) tyrosine bond was applied to the solid‐phase synthesis of the 22‐amino acid residue peptide H‐Asp‐Ala‐Val‐Tyr‐Thr‐Gly‐Leu‐Asn‐Thr‐Arg‐Asn‐Gln‐Glu‐Thr‐Tyr‐Glu‐Thr‐Leu‐Lys‐His‐Glu‐Lys‐OH, corresponding to positions 62‐83 in the chain of the type 1 receptor for Fcε, domains expressed on the rat mucosal‐type mast cells (line RBL‐2H3). A method for the spectrophotometric determination of insoluble O‐Dnp as well as of unprotected phenolic moieties of tyrosine was developed. It is based on monitoring S‐Dnp‐2‐mercaptoethanol, produced upon O‐Dnp thiolysis by 2‐mercaptoethanol. © Munksgaard 1995.Dedicated to the memory of Dr. Susumu Funakoshi, a dear friend and a leader in peptide chemistry.
Three‐dimensional structure of the RGD‐containing snake toxin albolabrin in solution, based on 1H NMR spectroscopy and simulated annealing calculations
Authors: SMITH K. JOHN , JASEJA MAHESH , LU XINJIE , WILLIAMS JANICE A. , HYDE EVA I. , TRAYER IAN P. 
Published: August 2010

Albolabrin is a snake toxin that contains a RGD‐(Arg‐Gly‐Asp) sequence motif and competes with fibrinogen to bind to the integrin αIibβ3 (GpIIb‐IIla) on platelets. It thus inhibits platelet aggregation and cell‐cell adhesion. It shows a high sequence similarity to other disintegrins, yet the reported disulfide bonding pattern for this peptide differs from that of others in this family. Recently we reported the assignment of the 1H‐NMR spectrum of albolabrin and a preliminary description of its secondary structure [Jaseja, M., Smith, K.J., Lu, X., Williams, J.A., Trayer, H., Trayer, I.P. & Hyde, E.I. (1993) Eur. J. Biohem.218, 853‐8601, Here we present a more detailed description of the secondary and the tertiary structure, based on the 1H NMR results and simulated annealing methods.The structure of albolabrin in solution was calculated using 318 distance and 18 dihedral angle restraints. The average atomic RMS deviation between 12 refined structures and the mean structure was 3.1 Å for the backbone. The protein appears to be highly mobile. Its structure is dominated by a series of turns and by three hairpins. each with a short region of distorted antiparallel β‐pleated sheet, held together by six disulfide bridges. The most well defined area is the hydrophobic core, residues 21‐47 and 57‐67, which is clustered around F40 and has a backbone atomic RMS deviation of only 1.3 Å from the mean structure. The RGD adhesion sequence is found at the highly mobile tip of one of the β‐hairpins, protruding from the body of the protein.Many of these structural features are similar to those of other disintegrins, and differences in the disulfide bonding pattern of the disintegrins can be acconiodated without significant energy penalty. Comparison of this structure with other proteins of similar function suggests that it is the RGD‐loop, rather than the precise topology of the proteins. that is important to antagonist activity. © Munksgaard 1996.
Addition of the (28–38) peptide sequence of PACAP to the VIP sequence modifies peptide selectivity and efficacy
Authors: GOURLET PHILIPPE , VANDERMEERS ANDRÉ , VANDERMEERS‐PIRET MARIE‐CLAIRE , DE NEEF PHILIPPE , ROBBERECHT PATRICK 
Published: August 2010

Chimeric peptides were synthesized by adding the C‐terminal extension 28‐38 of the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) to the sequences (1–27), (2–27), (3–27) and (6–27) of VIP. The capacity of these peptides to occupy the selective PACAP‐ and the non‐selective PACAP‐VIP receptors and to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity was studied in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the recombinant receptors. The results were compared to those obtained with VIP and the corresponding VIP fragments.The presence of the (28–38) PACAP extension increased at least 100‐fold the VIP‐ or VIP fragment affinities for the selective PACAP receptor but not for the non‐selective PACAP‐VIP receptors. Furthermore, on both receptors, the extension increased peptide intrinsic activity: VIP(3–28) was a partial agonist; while VIP(3–27)/PACAP(28–38) was as potent as VIP and was apparently a full agonist; VIP(6–28) had no intrinsic activity, but VIP(6–27)/PACAP(28–38) was a partial agonist.These results suggest: (1) the presence of a specific domain for the (28–38) PACAP sequence on the selective PACAP receptor; and (2) a stabilizing effect of the (28–38) PACAP sequence on the structure ofN‐terminally truncated VIP. © Munksgaard 1996.
Isolation and characterization of a trisulfide variant of recombinant human growth hormone formed during expression in Escherichia coli
Authors: ANDERSSON CLAES , EDLUND PER OLOF , GELLERFORS PÄR , HANSSON YNGVE , HOLMBERG ERLAND , HULT CARINA , JOHANSSON STIG , KÖRDEL JOHAN , LUNDIN RONNY , MENDEL‐HARTVIG IB , NORÉN BENGT , WEHLER THOMAS , WIDMALM GÖRAN , ÖHMAN JOHAN 
Published: August 2010

A new variant of human growth hormone was recently found [Pavlu, B. & Gellerfors, P. (1993) Bioseparation 3, 257‐265]. We report here the identification and the structural determination of this variant. The variant, which is formed during the expression of human growth hormone in Escherichia coli, was found to be more hydrophobic than rhGH as judged by its prolonged elution time by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The rhGH hydrophobic variant (rhGH‐HV) was isolated and subjected to trypsin digestion and RP‐HPLC analysis, resulting in an altered retention time of one single tryptic peptide as compared to the corresponding fragment of rhGH. This tryptic peptide constitutes the C‐terminus (aa 179‐191) of hGH and contains one of the two disulfide bridges in hGH, viz. CySl82‐Cys189.Amino acid sequences and composition analyses of the tryptic peptide from rhGH‐HV (Tv18 + 19) and the corresponding tryptic peptide from rhGH (T18 + 19) were identical. Electrospray mass spectrometry (ES/MS) of Tv18 + 19 isolated from rhGH‐HV revealed a monoisotopic mass increase of 32.7, as compared to T18 + 19 from rhGH. A synthetic T18 + 19 peptide having a trisulfide bridge between Cys182 and Cys189 showed identical fragments in ES/MS compared to Tv18 + 19 isolated from rhGH‐HV, i.e. m/z 617.7 and 682.9. These fragments are formed through a unique cleavage in the trisulfide (Cysl82‐SSS‐Cys189) bridge not found in the corresponding T18 + 19 disulfide peptide. Furthermore, the synthetic Tv18 + 19 co‐eluted in RP‐HPLC with T18 + 19 isolated from rhGH‐HV. Two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy of the synthetic T18 + 19 and Tv18 + 19 peptides were performed. Using these data all protons were assigned. The major chemical shift changes (δ§>0.05 ppm) observed were for the β‐protons of Cys182 and Cys189 in Tv18 + 19 as compared to T18 + 19. CD spectroscopy data were also in agreement with the above results. Based on these physico‐chemical data, rhGH‐HV has been structurally defined as a trisulfide variant of rhGH.The receptor binding properties of rhGH‐HV was studied by a biosensor device, BIAcoreTM. The binding capacity of rhGH‐HV was similar to rhGH with a binding stoichiometry to the rhGHBP of 1:1.6 and 1:1.5, respectively, indicating that the trisulfide modification did not affect its receptor binding properties. © Munksgaard 1996.
Numerical Simulation of Random Wave Forces Near the Free
Surface
Authors: Isaacson M. , Subbiah K. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The present paper describes the numerical simulation of random wave forces acting on a section of fixed slender vertical cylinder near the free surface, taking account of the intermittency of submergence. Time histories of water particle kinematics corresponding to a specified wave spectrum are generated using linear numerical transforms and corresponding force time histories at different sections are computed using the Morison equation. Analytical predictions of various statistical properties of water particle kinematics and forces for the intermittent flow are compared with results of the numerical simulations. These include the probability density of particle kinematics, the spectral density of the force, the probability density of force maxima, and the mean and standard deviation of the force maxima. In general, the agreement is found to be quite satisfactory. The effects of simulation time and random phases on the mean and standard deviation of intermittent force maxima are also investigated.
A Comparative Overview of Marine Risers and Heat Exchanger Tube
Banks
Authors: Zdravkovich M. M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
This is neither an original paper nor a review, but a comparative overview of two seemingly unrelated engineering fields. There are some similarities and strong dissimilarities between multipipe risers and tube arrays employed in heat exchangers. For example, square arrays are used in both, whereas “satellite” clusters cannot be found in heat exchangers. The extensive research on flow-induced vibrations in heat exchanger arrays reveals several mechanisms of excitation and sustenance of tube vibration. Some of the mechanisms identified for tube arrays may be relevant for marine risers. The main object of this comparative overview is to compile and discuss heat exchanger data which may be applicable to marine risers. Design guidelines are specified for satellite clusters.
Dynamic Ride-Up and Crushing of Short Ice Ridges on Conical
Structures
Authors: Nordgren R. P. , Winkler M. M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
An analysis is presented for the plane motion of an ice ridge being pushed up a faceted conical structure by a floe moving at constant velocity. The effect of crushing of the ridge against the rigid structure is included by means of an idealized crushing model. The effect of changing buoyancy is included in the analysis. The plane, rigid-body equations of motion are solved numerically for finite displacement and rotation of the ridge. A quasi-static flexural model is used to determine conditions for failure of the ridge in lengthwise bending. Numerical results for a typical problem are presented and discussed. The impulsive-type contact force at initial impact depends strongly on impact velocity and ice-crushing strength. However, the maximum force on the structure usually occurs later after the ridge has ridden up on the structure. This force is nearly independent of velocity. For realistic crushing strengths, the maximum force is significantly lower than in our previous static analysis of ridge ride-up without crushing. With consideration of lengthwise flexural failure, the dynamic ride-up model is applied to the development of design loads for a 40-deg conical structure.
Iceberg/Seabed Interaction Events Observed During the DIGS
Experiment
Authors: Lever J. H. , Bass D. W. , Lewis C. F. M. , Klein K. , Diemand D. , Dyke M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The Dynamics of Iceberg Grounding and Scouring (DIGS) experiment was conducted in the Labrador Sea during August 1985. The objectives of the experiment were to obtain full-scale data sets documenting iceberg/seabed interactions, and to obtain by direct observation new information regarding the processes of iceberg scour formation and degradation. Utilizing a vessel and a helicopter, measurements were made of icebergs’ above and below-water shapes, plus local winds, waves, currents and tides. Special self-contained motion monitoring packages were deployed by helicopter on icebergs thought to be good grounding candidates. Seabed observations were made directly using the submersible Pisces IV, and extensive side-scan sonar data were collected. This paper describes two dynamic iceberg/seabed interaction events documented during DIGS: the roll/pitting behavior of the 1.2-million-ton domed iceberg “Bertha,” and the split/grounding behavior of the 7.7-million-ton tabular iceberg “Gladys.” This latter event is particularly interesting due to its very energetic nature, and the fact that it represents the only full-scale observation of any iceberg impact with sufficient documentation to yield estimates of the interaction forces. Subsequent to the experiment, the recorded above and below-water shapes were used to obtain hydrostatic stability maps for these icebergs. A time stepping procedure was also developed to re-create these two dynamic events, and comparisons between the observed and simulated motions are provided in this paper.
Elasticity of the Porcine Lens Capsule as Measured by Osmotic Swelling
Authors: Powell Tracy A. , Amini Rouzbeh , Oltean Alina , Barnett Vincent A. , Dorfman Kevin D. , Segal Yoav , Barocas Victor H. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
As an alternative to purely mechanical methods, optical tracking of passive osmotic swelling was used to assess mechanical properties of the porcine lens capsule. A simple model was developed accounting for the permeability of the lens fiber cells and capsule to water, the concentration of fixed charges in the fiber cells, and the capsule’s resistance to the swelling of fiber cells. Fitting the model solution to experimental data provided an estimate of the elastic modulus of the lens capsule under the assumption of linear isotropic elasticity. The calculated elastic modulus at a fixed charge density of 20 mol m−3 was 2.0±0.5 MPa (mean±95% confidence interval; n=15) for 0.1% saline solution, 0.64±0.3 MPa(n=10) for 0.2% saline solution, and 0.28±0.5 MPa(n=6) for 0.5% saline solution. These values are comparable to previously reported moduli of elasticity for the porcine lens capsule at small strains (&lt;10%), and the slight increase with hypotonicity is consistent with the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the lens capsule. Although limited by being a single measurement on a heterogeneous tissue, osmotic swelling provides a quantitative assessment of the stiffness of the lens capsule without requiring dissection or manipulation of the lens. Thus, the new method could be useful for small animal models.
Use of Folic Acid–Containing Supplements after a Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer in the Colon Cancer Family Registry
Authors: Holmes Rebecca S. , Zheng Yingye , Baron John A. , Li Lin , McKeown-Eyssen Gail , Newcomb Polly A. , Stern Mariana C. , Haile Robert W. , Grady William M. , Potter John D. , Le Marchand Loic , Campbell Peter T. , Figueiredo Jane C. , Limburg Paul J. , Jenkins Mark A. , Hopper John L. , Ulrich Cornelia M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground: Supplement use among cancer patients is high, and folic acid intake in particular may adversely affect the progression of colorectal cancer. Few studies have evaluated the use of folic acid–containing supplements (FAS) and its predictors in colorectal cancer patients.Objective: To assess the use of FAS, change in use, and its predictors after colorectal cancer diagnosis.Design: We used logistic regression models to investigate predictors of FAS use and its initiation after colorectal cancer diagnosis in 1,092 patients recruited through the Colon Cancer Family Registry.Results: The prevalence of FAS use was 35.4% before and 55.1% after colorectal cancer diagnosis (P = 0.004). Women were more likely than men to use FAS after diagnosis [odds ratio (OR), 1.47; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.14-1.89], as were those consuming more fruit (Ptrend &lt; 0.0001) or vegetables (Ptrend = 0.001), and U.S. residents (P &lt; 0.0001). Less likely to use FAS after diagnosis were nonwhite patients (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.97), current smokers (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.46-0.96), and those with higher meat intake (Ptrend = 0.03). Predictors of FAS initiation after diagnosis were generally similar to those of FAS use after diagnosis, although associations with race and vegetable intake were weaker and those with exercise stronger.Conclusions: Our analysis showed substantial increases in the use of FAS after diagnosis with colorectal cancer, with use or initiation more likely among women, Caucasians, U.S. residents, and those with a health-promoting life-style.Impact: Studies of cancer prognosis that rely on prediagnostic exposure information may result in substantial misclassification. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 2023–34. ©2010 AACR.
Does Framing Human Papillomavirus Vaccine as Preventing Cancer in Men Increase Vaccine Acceptability?
Authors: McRee Annie-Laurie , Reiter Paul L. , Chantala Kim , Brewer Noel T. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is now approved for use in males in the United States to prevent genital warts. We conducted an experiment to see whether framing HPV vaccination as also preventing cancer in men would increase men's vaccination willingness.
Methods: We conducted an online survey in January 2009 with a national sample of men ages 18 to 59 years who self-identified as gay/bisexual (n = 312) or heterosexual (n = 296). In the within-subjects experiment, men read four randomly ordered vignettes that described hypothetical vaccines that prevented either genital warts alone, or genital warts and either anal cancer, oral cancer, or penile cancer. We analyzed data using repeated measures ANOVA and tested whether perceived severity or perceived likelihood mediated the effect of disease outcome framing on men's HPV vaccination willingness.
Results: Although only 42% of men were willing to receive HPV vaccine when it was framed as preventing genital warts alone, 60% were willing to get it when it was framed as preventing cancer in addition to genital warts (P &lt; 0.001). The effect of outcome framing was the same for heterosexual and gay/bisexual men and for the three cancer types examined. Perceived severity of disease partially mediated the association between disease outcome and HPV vaccination willingness.
Conclusions: Men may be more accepting of HPV vaccine when it is framed as preventing cancer, regardless which of the three most common HPV-related cancers in men is described.
Impact: Study findings may be useful in developing health communication messages that maximize HPV vaccine acceptability among young men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 1937–44. ©2010 AACR.
Mineral Intake and Lung Cancer Risk in the NIH-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study
Authors: Mahabir Somdat , Forman Michele R. , Dong Young Q. , Park Yikyung , Hollenbeck Albert , Schatzkin Arthur 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground: Using data from a case-control study, we previously reported that low dietary intakes of magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), but not selenium (Se) and calcium (Ca), were associated with increased lung cancer risk. Due to dietary recall bias in case-control studies, our objective was to assess whether these findings hold in a prospective cohort study.Methods: We analyzed data from the NIH-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health study of 482,875 subjects (288,257 men and 194,618 women) who were cancer-free and completed a food frequency questionnaire at enrollment between 1995 and 2003. Cox proportional hazards models were computed to estimate the relative risk adjusted for potential confounders.Results: During a mean follow-up of 7 years, 7,052 lung cancer cases were identified. For all subjects, we observed no significant associations between total (diet + supplement) Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Se, and Zn intakes and lung cancer risk. Total Ca intake was protective (P trend &lt; 0.05) for current smokers and subjects with adenocarcinomas. Total Mg intake increased risk (P trend &lt; 0.05) in men and current smokers. Total Fe intake was inversely associated with risk in women (P trend &lt; 0.01). For dietary minerals, Mg increased risk (P trend &lt; 0.05) in all subjects, among men and current smokers. Increased dietary Ca intake reduced risk in women (P trend = 0.05). Dietary Fe decreased risk in all subjects and among women (P trend &lt; 0.05). Mineral intake from supplements did not affect lung cancer risk.Conclusions: Dietary minerals are risk factors for lung cancer.Impact: Dietary mineral consumption may influence lung cancer risk, but the associations differ by type of mineral and population subgroups. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 1976–83. ©2010 AACR.
Melanocytic Nevi, Nevus Genes, and Melanoma Risk in a Large Case-Control Study in the United Kingdom
Authors: Newton-Bishop Julia A. , Chang Yu-Mei , Iles Mark M. , Taylor John C. , Bakker Bert , Chan May , Leake Susan , Karpavicius Birute , Haynes Sue , Fitzgibbon Elaine , Elliott Faye , Kanetsky Peter A. , Harland Mark , Barrett Jennifer H. , Bishop D. Timothy 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Background: Increased number of melanocytic nevi is a potent melanoma risk factor. We have carried out a large population-based case-control study to explore the environmental and genetic determinants of nevi and the relationship with melanoma risk.
Methods: We report nevus phenotype in relation to differing patterns of sun exposure, inherited variation at loci shown in recent genome-wide association studies to be nevus genes, and risk.
Results: Increased numbers of nevi were associated with holiday sun exposure, particularly on intermittently sun-exposed body sites (test for Ptrend &lt; 0.0001). Large nevi were also associated with holiday sun exposure (P = 0.002). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on chromosomes 9 and 22 were associated with increased numbers of nevi (P = 0.04 and P = 0.002 respectively) and larger nevi (P = 0.03 and P = 0.002), whereas that on chromosome 6 was associated only with large nevi (P = 0.01). Melanoma risk was associated with increased nevus count, large nevi, and atypical nevi for tumors in all body sites (including rare sites) irrespective of age. The risk persisted when adjusted for inheritance of nevus SNPs.
Conclusions: The at-risk nevus phenotype is associated with behaviors known to increase melanoma risk (holiday sun exposure). Although SNPs on chromosomes 6, 9, and 22 were shown to be nevus genes, they explained only a small proportion of melanoma risk and nevus phenotype; therefore, several nevus genes likely remain to be identified.
Impact: This article confirms the importance of nevi in melanoma pathogenesis and increases understanding of their genetic determinants. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 2043–54. ©2010 AACR.