bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting physical activity in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis through an internet‐based program: Results of a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lelieveld Otto T. H. M. , Armbrust Wineke , Geertzen Jan H. B. , de Graaf Inez , van Leeuwen Miek A. , Sauer Pieter J. J. , van Weert Ellen , Bouma Jelte 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectivePatients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are less physically active than healthy peers. Therefore, we developed an Internet‐based intervention to improve physical activity (PA). The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the program in improving PA.MethodsPA was determined by activity‐related energy expenditure, PA level, time spent on moderate to vigorous PA, and the number of days with ≥1 hour of moderate to vigorous activity, and was assessed with a 7‐day activity diary. Aerobic exercise capacity was assessed by means of a Bruce treadmill test and was recorded as maximum endurance time. Disease activity was assessed by using the JIA core set. Adherence was electronically monitored.ResultsOf 59 patients, 33 eligible patients were included and randomized in an intervention (n = 17, mean ± SD age 10.6 ± 1.5 years) or control waiting‐list group (n = 16, mean ± SD age 10.8 ± 1.4 years). All patients completed baseline and T1 testing. PA significantly improved in both groups. Maximum endurance time significantly improved in the intervention group but not in the control group. In a subgroup analysis for patients with low PA (intervention: n = 7, control: n = 5), PA improved in the intervention group but not in the control group. The intervention was safe, feasible, and showed a good adherence.ConclusionAn Internet‐based program for children with JIA ages 8–12 years directed at promoting PA in daily life effectively improves PA in those patients with low PA levels. It is also able to improve endurance and it is safe, feasible, and has good adherence.
Adherence to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs and the effects of exposure misclassification on the risk of hospital admission
Authors: Grijalva Carlos G. , Kaltenbach Lisa , Arbogast Patrick G. , Mitchel Edward F. , Griffin Marie R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the effect of different exposure classification strategies for disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on drug‐outcome associations.MethodsWe studied the association between DMARD initiation and all‐cause hospitalizations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 1995–2005. Initiators of DMARDs and oral glucocorticoids were followed for ≤180 days. We compared 2 strategies for exposure classification: a persistent exposure required (PER) approach, in which followup stopped when the regimen changed; and a persistent exposure ignored (PEI) approach, in which followup continued despite regimen changes. For PEI, adherence was assessed using the medication possession ratio. All‐cause hospitalization risk was compared among RA regimen initiators using Cox models and methotrexate as the reference.ResultsWe identified 28,906 episodes of medication initiation. In PER analyses, tumor necrosis factor α antagonists did not increase hospitalization risk compared with methotrexate, whereas leflunomide did (hazard ratio [HR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.1–1.67). Glucocorticoids increased hospitalization risk (HR 1.29, 1.54, and 2.03 for low, medium, and high doses, respectively). PEI results were similar to PER except that infliximab initiation increased the risk of hospitalization compared with methotrexate (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.19–1.8), and most other effects were closer to the null. In PEI, adherence ranged from 73% for etanercept to 6% for glucocorticoids and adherence to methotrexate was 59%.ConclusionCompared with methotrexate initiation, leflunomide or glucocorticoid initiation consistently increased all‐cause hospitalizations in the first 180 days of use. Most PER and PEI estimates were similar; observed differences in risk between these methods were likely due to differences in adherence.
Modeling continuous electropermutation with effects of water dissociation included
Authors: Danielsson Carl‐Ola , Dahlkild Anders , Velin Anna , Behm Mårten 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe repeating unit consisting of a cell pair of one concentrate and one feed compartment of an electropermutation stack is modeled. Both the feed and the concentrate compartments are filled with an ion‐exchange textile material. Enhanced water dissociation taking place at the surface of the membrane is included in the model as a hetrogeneous surface reaction. Results from simulations of nitrate removal for drinking water production are presented and comparisons with previous experimental results are made. The influence of both conductive and inert textile spacers on the process is investigated via simulations. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Sequential and iterative architectures for distributed model predictive control of nonlinear process systems
Authors: Liu Jinfeng , Chen Xianzhong , Muñoz de la Peña David , Christofides Panagiotis D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this work, we focus on distributed model predictive control of large scale nonlinear process systems in which several distinct sets of manipulated inputs are used to regulate the process. For each set of manipulated inputs, a different model predictive controller is used to compute the control actions, which is able to communicate with the rest of the controllers in making its decisions. Under the assumption that feedback of the state of the process is available to all the distributed controllers at each sampling time and a model of the plant is available, we propose two different distributed model predictive control architectures. In the first architecture, the distributed controllers use a one‐directional communication strategy, are evaluated in sequence and each controller is evaluated only once at each sampling time; in the second architecture, the distributed controllers utilize a bi‐directional communication strategy, are evaluated in parallel and iterate to improve closed‐loop performance. In the design of the distributed model predictive controllers, Lyapunov‐based model predictive control techniques are used. To ensure the stability of the closed‐loop system, each model predictive controller in both architectures incorporates a stability constraint which is based on a suitable Lyapunov‐based controller. We prove that the proposed distributed model predictive control architectures enforce practical stability in the closed‐loop system and optimal performance. The theoretical results are illustrated through a catalytic alkylation of benzene process example. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
A multi‐QMOM framework to describe multi‐component agglomerates in liquid steel
Authors: Claudotte L. , Rimbert N. , Gardin P. , Simonnet M. , Lehmann J. , Oesterlé B. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA variant of the quadrature method of moments (QMOM) for solving multiple population balance equations (PBE) is developed with the objective of application to steel industry processing. During the process of oxygen removal in a steel ladle, a large panel of oxide inclusions may be observed depending on the type of oxygen removal and addition elements. The final quality of the steel can be improved by accurate numerical simulation of the multi‐component precipitation. The model proposed in this article takes into account the interactions between three major aspects of steelmaking modeling, namely fluid dynamics, thermo‐kinetics and population balance. A commercial CFD code is used to predict the liquid steel hydrodynamics, whereas a home‐made thermo‐kinetic code adjusts chemical composition with nucleation and diffusion growth, and finally a set of PBE tracks the evolution of inclusion size with emphasis on particle aggregation. Each PBE is solved by QMOM, the first PBE/QMOM system describing the clusters and each remaining PBE/QMOM system being dedicated to the elementary particles of each inclusion species. It is shown how this coupled model can be used to investigate the cluster size and composition of a particular grade of steel (i.e., Fe‐Al‐Ti‐O). © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Synthesis of π‐conjugated polymers via regioregular organometallic polymers 2. Transformation of titanacyclopentadiene‐ containing polymer into poly(p‐phenylene) derivative
Authors: Kino Tomoko , Nishiyama Hiroki , Tomita Ikuyoshi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe transformation of a regioregular organometallic polymer possessing titanacyclopentadiene‐2,5‐diyl units into a poly(p‐phenylene) derivative by means of a novel polymer reaction method is described. The organotitianium polymer was prepared by the polymerization of 1,4‐diethynyl‐2,5‐dioctyloxybenzene and a low‐valent titanium complex, generated in situ from titanium(IV) isopropoxide and isopropylmagnesium chloride, and was subjected to the reaction with 3‐bromo‐1‐propyne followed by the protonation. Consequently, a polymer consisting of the substituted phenylene‐1,4‐diyl units could be produced in a high yield, which is soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform. The number‐average molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution of the polymer were estimated as 4800 and 1.8, respectively (GPC, polystyrene). The UV–vis absorption spectrum of the polymer exhibited the absorption maximum (λmax) at 329 nm, which was bathochromically shifted by 53 nm compared with that of a model compound, 1,4‐bis(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐methylbenzene (λmax = 276 nm). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of halogen anions and N‐ligands in CuXn/N‐ligands on the catalytic performance in oxidative carbonylation of methanol
Authors: Mo Wanling , Xiong Hui , Hu Jianglin , Ni Youming , Li Guangxing 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe catalytic properties of CuXn/N‐ligands (X = Cl, Br and I; n = 1 or 2) in oxidative carbonylation of methanol were investigated. It was found that the interaction of halogen anions, N‐ligands and Cu (I) affected the catalytic performance of copper complex catalyst in the reaction, especially iodide anion and 1,10‐phenanthroline (Phen). When CuI/Phen was used as a catalyst, the conversion of methanol was 42.6%, the selectivity to dimethyl carbonate was 99.2% and the TOF was 13.1 h−1 at an optimized conditions: CuI/Phen 0.2 mol l−1, 120 °C, 2 h, 2.4 MPa, PCO/PO2 = 2:1. Compared with the plain CuI catalyst, the catalytic activity of CuI/Phen increased about 36 times. When CuI/Phen catalyst was immobilized on polystyrene (PS), the heterogenized catalyst, CuI/Phen–NH–PS, also exhibited very high catalytic activity in oxidative carbonylation. The CuI/Phen—NH—PS catalyst remained its high catalytic activity even after seven recycles. The average weight loss of CuI/Phen—NH—PS after reaction was less than 1.0%, and the leaching of copper was only about 0.15% in each recycling test. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
QSAR Modeling of a Set of Pyrazinoate Esters as Antituberculosis Prodrugs
Authors: Fernandes João P. S. , Pasqualoto Kerly F. M. , Felli Veni M. A. , Ferreira Elizabeth I. , Brandt Carlos A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTuberculosis is an infection caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A first‐line antimycobacterial drug is pyrazinamide (PZA), which acts partially as a prodrug activated by a pyrazinamidase releasing the active agent, pyrazinoic acid (POA). As pyrazinoic acid presents some difficulty to cross the mycobacterial cell wall, and also the pyrazinamide‐resistant strains do not express the pyrazinamidase, a set of pyrazinoic acid esters have been evaluated as antimycobacterial agents. In this work, a QSAR approach was applied to a set of forty‐three pyrazinoates against M. tuberculosis ATCC 27294, using genetic algorithm function and partial least squares regression (WOLF 5.5 program). The independent variables selected were the Balaban index (J), calculated n‐octanol/water partition coefficient (ClogP), van‐der‐Waals surface area, dipole moment, and stretching‐energy contribution. The final QSAR model (N = 32, r2 = 0.68, q2 = 0.59, LOF = 0.25, and LSE = 0.19) was fully validated employing leave‐N‐out cross‐validation and y‐scrambling techniques. The test set (N = 11) presented an external prediction power of 73%. In conclusion, the QSAR model generated can be used as a valuable tool to optimize the activity of future pyrazinoic acid esters in the designing of new antituberculosis agents.
Transrapid maglev system technical readiness and corridors of application
Authors: Miller Luitpold , Wackers Manfred 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe article includes a brief description of the system, the state of development as well as the operational performance and safety standards achieved. It summarizes the results of the comprehensive studies “Technical Readiness for Application of Transport Maglev System” and “Possible Application of the New High Speed Rail Systems (High Speed Maglev and Railroad Technology)” published by the German Federal Railway and MVP (Test and Planning Organization for Maglev Systems).At the request of the Federal Minister of Transport, investigations of maglev routes in Germany were carried out. According to first results especially the connection Hamburg‐Berlin would be preferable with respect to environmental consistency, attractiveness and profitability.Already in the 80ies a number of application studies has been conducted in the United States. In 1991, the Governor and Cabinet of the State of Florida certified to construct the maglev system Transrapid to connect Orlando International Airport with the center of Orlando's tourism district. This application will have great influence on further projects all over the world.
The simple, compelling case for PRT
Authors: Wilde William A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWhen compared with existing urban modes, Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) offers compelling advantages in every important respect. The desirable attributes of any urban mobility mode are well documented, such as minimal travel time, safety, comfort, low cost, and minimal impacts. These attributes are used to define a hypothetical, ideal urban mode. The ideal mode would possess characteristics such as no waiting, no stops, from anywhere to anywhere service, risk‐free, non‐polluting, and accessible to everyone at any time. Although not attainable in the real world, the ideal provides a model and benchmark for design much as the Carnot thermodynamic cycle guides the development of internal combustion engines, or ideal gases and perfect fluids are postulated in physics.A matrix format is used to present the characteristics of various modes against the desirable attributes of any mode. Modes presented are the ideal, walking, bicycles, motorcycles, automobiles, taxis, buses, rail transit, Automated Guideway Transit (AGT), and PRT. In all respects, PRT is shown to approach the ideal much more closely than competing modes.
Maternal fever during early pregnancy and the risk of oral clefts
Authors: Shahrukh Hashmi S. , Gallaway M. Shayne , Waller D. Kim , Langlois Peter H. , Hecht Jacqueline T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn increased risk of birth defects after hyperthermic exposures has been confirmed in animal studies, but population studies have yielded inconsistent results. Oral clefts are a common birth defect and have been associated with these exposures in some of these studies. In this study, data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study was used to evaluate the association of maternal report of febrile illness in early pregnancy and the risk of oral clefts. All oral cleft cases born between 1997 and 2004 were compared with nonmalformed controls born in the same geographical region during the same time period. Mothers reporting febrile illness during pregnancy were stratified by fever grade and antipyretic use. Logistic regression models were used to generate crude and adjusted odds ratios for exposure to fever and association with each oral cleft phenotype. The dataset included 5821 controls, 1567 cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL+/−P) and 835 cases of cleft palate only. A modestly increased risk was observed for isolated CL+/−P (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.63). Stratification by fever grade (body temperature <101.5° or ≥101.5°F) did not yield significant differences in risk. Risk estimates were higher among women who reported a fever, but did not take antipyretics to control their fever, particularly for nonisolated compared with isolated oral clefts. This finding suggests that adequate control of fever may diminish the deleterious effects of fever in cases of oral cleft. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fate of manuscripts declined by theBritish Journal of Surgery
Authors: Wijnhoven B P L , Dejong C H C 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe fate of papers submitted and subsequently rejected by the British Journal of Surgery (BJS) is currently unknown. The present study was designed to investigate whether, when and where these papers are published following rejection.MethodsAll rejected manuscripts in the year 2006 were identified from the Manuscript Central electronic database. Between December 2008 and February 2009, a PubMed search was conducted spanning the period 2006-2009 using the corresponding author's last name and initials to identify whether and when manuscripts had been published elsewhere.ResultsFrom the 926 manuscripts rejected by BJS, 609 (65·8 per cent) were published in 198 different journals with a mean(s.d.) time lapse of 13·8(6·5) months. Some 165 manuscripts (27·1 per cent) were published in general surgical journals, 250 (41·1 per cent) in subspecialty surgical journals and 194 (31·9 per cent) in non-surgical journals. The mean(s.d.) impact factor of the journals was 2·0(1·1). Only 14 manuscripts (2·3 per cent) were published in journals with a higher impact factor than that of BJS.ConclusionRejection of a manuscript by BJS does not preclude publication, but rejected manuscripts are published more often in surgical subspecialty journals and journals with a lower impact factor, although the occasional exception exists.
The Brønsted Acid Catalyzed, Enantioselective Vinylogous Mannich Reaction
Authors: Sickert Marcel , Abels Falko , Lang Matthias , Sieler Joachim , Birkemeyer Claudia , Schneider Christoph 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe first catalytic, enantioselective vinylogous Mannich reaction of acyclic silyl dienolates is reported. A second‐generation 2,2′‐dihydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (BINOL)‐based phosphoric acid has been developed and further optimized as an enantioselective organocatalyst. Upon protonation of the imines, chiral contact ion pairs are generated in situ and attacked highly diastereoselectively by the nucleophile. γ‐Substituted silyl dienolates that lead to more highly substituted Mannich products with a second stereogenic center in good diastereoselectivity have been employed in these reactions. The reaction path has been elucidated with NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, which suggest that the protic reaction medium found to be optimal in these reactions serves to trap the cationic silicon species as silanol. A crystal structure of a phosphoric acid bound imine was obtained that provides insight into the binding mode and a rationale for the stereochemical course of the reaction.
Towards Spontaneous Heterolysis of the Homonuclear PP Bond in Diphosphines: The Case of Diazaphospholeniumtriphospholides
Authors: Benkő Zoltán , Burck Sebastian , Gudat Dietrich , Hofmann Martin , Lissner Falk , Nyulászi László , Zenneck Ulrich 
Published: January 2010

AbstractComputational studies on a series of polyphospholyl‐substituted N‐heterocyclic phosphines (CH)2(NR)2 PPn(CH)5−n (R=Me, n=1–5) disclosed that increasing formal replacement of CH units in the phosphole ring by phosphorus atoms is associated with an increase in PP distances and charge separation, and a decrease in covalent bond orders. Altogether, these trends imply that the CH versus P substitution enhances ionic PP bond polarization in these compounds. Experimental verification of this hypothesis was obtained for the triphospholyl diazaphospholenes (CR)2(NR′)2PP3(CtBu)2 (8 a: R=H, R′=tBu; 8 b: R=Me, R′=Mesityl [Mes]), which were prepared through metathesis reactions from suitable precursors and identified by solution and solid‐state NMR data and a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study of 8 a. Analysis of JPP coupling patterns suggested that both species are characterized by the absence of a strong covalent PP bond connecting both rings. This interpretation was confirmed by the finding of a unique PP distance of 2.79 Å for crystalline 8 a, and further supported by computational studies, which led to the conclusion that both species are better described as diazaphospholenium‐triphospholide contact ion pairs rather than covalent molecules. Variable‐temperature (VT) NMR spectra of 8 b showed a collapse of JPP couplings between atoms in different rings, which indicates scrambling of the diazaphospholenium and triphospholide units between different molecules in solution, and further substantiates the proposed view on the molecular structure.
Iodine‐Catalyzed Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of trans‐2,6‐Disubstituted‐3,4‐Dihydropyrans: Application to Concise Construction of C28–C37 Bicyclic Core of (+)‐Sorangicin A
Authors: Mohapatra Debendra K. , Das Pragna P. , Pattanayak Manas Ranjan , Yadav J. S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA novel iodine‐catalyzed highly diastereoselective synthesis of trans‐2,6‐disubstituted‐3,4‐dihydropyrans have been achieved from δ‐hydroxy α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes by treating with allyltrimethyl silane in THF at room temperature with good to excellent yields. This methodology has been successfully implemented for a concise asymmetric synthesis of C28–C37 dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring system of (+)‐sorangicin A in 8 steps with 21 % overall yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Studies of the Phases in Ba2LaIrO6 — New Light on an Old Problem.
Authors: Zhou Qingdi , Kennedy Brendan J. , Avdeev Maxim , Giachini Lisa , Kimpton Justin A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of La1‐xAxMnO2.5 (A: Ba, Sr, Ca) Phases: Mapping the Variants of the Brownmillerite Structure.
Authors: Parsons Thomas G. , D'Hondt Hans , Hadermann Joke , Hayward Michael A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Electrochemical Performances of Li4Ti5‐xZrxO12 as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Li Xing , Qu Meizhen , Yu Zuolong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.