bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthropometry and throwing velocity in elite water polo by specific playing positions
Authors: Ferragut C. , Abraldes J. , Vila H. , Rodríguez N. , Argudo F. , Fernandes R. 
Published: April 2011

Anthropometry and throwing velocity in elite water polo by specific playing positions
The purposes of this study were threefold: to present the specific physical structure of elite water polo players by playing positions, to access its throwing velocity in different conditions (without goalkeeper, with goalkeeper and with previous displacement), and to observe the relationships between the assessed anthropometric and throwing velocity parameters. Nineteen water polo players of the Spanish National Team (nine offensive wings, five center back and five center forwards) were evaluated. The anthropometric profile (particularly the lengths, breaths, girths and skinfolds) was obtained according to the International Working Group of Kinanthropometry, and the throwing velocity was assessed in 3 × 2 maximal intensity shoots (3 min interval) from the penalty line using a radar. It was possible to observe higher values of body mass, BMI, and muscle mass of the center forwards compared to the wings, and foot length of the center backs compared with the wings, reflecting a specific physical profile for each playing position. However, no difference was found between groups regarding the breadths values. In addition, the somatotype of the wings is a balanced mesomorph, and the center backs and center forwards endo-mesomorphs. Despite center backs have higher hand grip values in comparison with wings, no differences were observed between specific playing positions in each throwing condition, as well as between conditions in each specific playing position. Moreover, observing the correlation coefficient values between anthropometric and throwing velocity variables by specific position for the three throwing conditions, a higher number of relationships was found for the center backs and center forwards rather than for the wings. When the total sample was analysed, a superior number of relationships was observed between the studied parameters in throwing with goalkeeper situation. These data reflects the dependence of the throwing skill on the anthropometric characteristics of water polo players.
Eccentric contraction-induced muscle injury does not change walking economy in older adults
Authors: Gault Mandy , Clements Richard , Willems Mark 
Published: April 2011

Eccentric contraction-induced muscle injury does not change walking economy in older adults
The aim of the study was to examine whether self-selected walking speed during downhill treadmill walking by older adults would result in muscle injury and changes in physiological responses during level walking. Twenty-six participants (age: 67 ± 4 yrs; height: 1.69 ± 0.09 m; body mass: 74.9 ± 13.1kg) were assigned to level (n = 11, 30 min, 0%) or downhill walking (n=15, 30 min, -10%) at a self-selected walking speed. Self-selected walking speed and exercise intensity were similar for both groups (level: 4.2±0.4 km·hr-1, 42±6% VO2max; downhill: 4.6±0.6 km·hr-1, 44±15% VO2max). After 48-hours, downhill walking had reduced maximal voluntary isometric force of the m. quadriceps femoris (-15%, P<0.001), indicative of muscle injury, but no changes were observed for walking economy, minute ventilation, heart rate and respiratory exchange ratio during level walking. For older adults, downhill walking at a selfselected walking speed causes muscle injury without any detrimental effect on walking economy. Regular downhill walking at a self-selected walking speed by older adults is an eccentric endurance activity that may have the potential to improve cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength.
Effects of annual training cycle on the metabolic response to supra-maximal exercise test in beach volleyball players
Authors: Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak Łucja , Lisiecki Damian , Kasprzak Zbigniew , Karolkiewicz Joanna , Śliwicka Ewa , Nowak Alicja , Podgórski Tomasz , Lewandowska Magdalena 
Published: April 2011

Effects of annual training cycle on the metabolic response to supra-maximal exercise test in beach volleyball players
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of sports training on the physiological response to supra-maximal exercise during consecutive phases of the annual training cycle. The study was carried out in volleyball players at the onset of each training phase. VO2 max was determined by an indirect method using the Ästand-Rhyming nomogram and biochemical analyses were performed before and after the Wingate test. Concentrations of lactate in capillary blood were measured and levels of glucose, insulin, visfatin, resistin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of serum and the total antioxidative status of plasma were determined using venous blood.
Most significant differences with respect to physiological and biochemical variables centered around the pre-competitive phase when compared to other phases of the annual training cycle. Blood visfatin concentration in highly trained volleyball players is reduced by supra-maximal exercise, whereas levels of resistin remain relatively constant at rest. With the exception of the competitive phase, values of the insulin resistance index fit within the reference range. Levels of lipid peroxidation products were inversely correlated with the insulin resistance index and resistin concentrations.
The physical training during the annual cycle does not affect resistin levels, but influences insulin, glucose and visfatin concentrations, along with markers of pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in beach volleyball players.
Defensive actions of world top judoists
Authors: Boguszewski Dariusz 
Published: April 2011

Defensive actions of world top judoists
The objective of this work was to define and determine the effectiveness of defensive actions applied in judo fighting. The study was based on recordings of final fights from Olympic Games, World Championships and World Cup (2005-2008). Actions of female and male contestants participating in total of 56 fights were analyzed (to an accuracy of 10-second-periods of time). All actions, including attacks, counter-attacks and defense without counter-attack, were recorded and their effectiveness, preparatory actions, breaks and the referees' decisions were evaluated. Altogether fights of 95 contestants were subjected to analysis. According to the author's classification of defensive actions, 12 types of defense without counter-attack were defined as follows: (1) hand block, (2) hip block, (3) maneuvering around, (4) twist onto abdomen, (5) hand and hip block, (6) hand block and maneuvering around, (7) stepping aside, (8) separation from grasp, (9) leaving the mat, (10) leg entanglement, (11) bridge, (12) return to tachi-waza (escape from ne-waza). Types of defense most often applied according to the study - hand block and twist onto abdomen - were the least effective (93% and 70% respectively). Ashi-waza and te-waza were throws most often applied as counter-attack. However, sutemi-waza throws were most effectively (50%) applied. Highly effective counter-attacks (28%) should serve as a clue for coaches and athletes at the competitive level. The rules set forth by professor Jigoro Kano (among others: "give up in order to win") may not be adequate for today's competition.
Differences in performance indicators between winning and losing teams in the UEFA Champions League
Authors: Lago-Peñas Carlos , Lago-Ballesteros Joaquín , Rey Ezequiel 
Published: April 2011

Differences in performance indicators between winning and losing teams in the UEFA Champions League
The aim of the present study was to identify performance indicators that discriminate winning teams from drawing and losing teams in the UEFA Champions League. All 288 matches played at the group stage in the 2007-2008, 2008-2009, and 2009-2010 seasons were analyzed. The game-related statistics gathered were: total shots, shots on goal, effectiveness, passes, successful passes, crosses, offsides committed and received, corners, ball possession, crosses against, fouls committed and received, corners against, yellow and red cards, venue, and quality of opposition. Data were analyzed performing a one-way ANOVA and a discriminant analysis. The results showed that winning teams had significantly higher average values that were for the following game statistics: total shots (p<0.01), shots on goal (p<0.01), effectiveness (p<0.01), passes (p<0.05), successful passes (p<0.05), and ball possession (p<0.05). Losing teams had significantly higher values in the variable yellow cards (p<0.01), and red cards (p<0.01). Discriminant analysis allowed to conclude the following: the variables that discriminate between winning, drawing and losing teams were the shots on goal, crosses, ball possession, venue and quality of opposition. Coaches and players should be aware of these different profiles in order to increase knowledge about game cognitive and motor solicitation and, therefore, to design and evaluate practices and competitions for soccer peak performance teams in a collective way.
Wage Determination with Special Reference to Role in a Family
Authors: Filipová Lenka , Machová Zuzana 
Published: April 2011

Wage Determination with Special Reference to Role in a Family
The paper has arisen as a part of the project dealing with the questions of measuring of wage determinants and wage discrimination on the basis of different subjective requirements of women and men on their wages. Using the ordered-response model (Ordered Probit), it analysed wage determination on the basis of Mincer's Wage Regression including dummies for role in a family. The analysis was carried out with the total sample of respondents and subsequently separately for men and women. The data were gained from a questionnaire survey carried out in Ostrava city, Czech Republic. In general, the analysis did not prove previous conclusions of theories or empirical studies about prevailing influence of family characteristics on the wage rate. Nevertheless, it proved statistically significant differences in the wage determination between men and women, and showed that in the case of men, some family characteristics may have been important for determining the wages.
Comparison of Tracking Methods in Respect of Automation of an Animal Behavioral Test
Authors: Mazur-Milecka Magdalena , Nowakowski Antoni 
Published: April 2011

Comparison of Tracking Methods in Respect of Automation of an Animal Behavioral TestAutomation in experiments carried out on animals is getting more and more important in research. Computers take over laborious and time-consuming activities like recording and analysing images of the experiment scene. The first step in an image analysis is finding and distinguishing between the observed animals and then tracking all objects during the experiment. In this paper four tracking methods are presented. Quantitative and qualitative figures of merit are applied to confront those methods. The comparison takes into consideration the level of correct object recognition during different disturbances, the speed of computation, requirements as to the frame rate and image illumination, quality of recovering from occluded situations and others.
Surface Roughness Analysis in Milling of Tungsten Carbide with CBN Cutters
Authors: Twardowski Paweł 
Published: April 2011

Surface Roughness Analysis in Milling of Tungsten Carbide with CBN CuttersIn this paper, an experimental surface roughness analysis in milling of tungsten carbide using a monolithic torus cubic boron nitride (CBN) tool is presented. The tungsten carbide was received using direct laser deposition technology (DLD). The depth of cut (ap), feed per tooth (fz) and tool wear (VBc) influence on surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rz) were investigated. The cutting forces and accelerations of vibrations were measured in order to estimate their quantitative influence onRaandRzparameters. The surface roughness analysis, from the point of view of milling dynamics was carried out. The dominative factor in the research was not feed per toothfz(according to a theoretical model) but dynamical phenomena and feed per revolutionfconnected with them.
Two Heuristic Algorithms for Test Point Selection in Analog Circuit Diagnoses
Authors: Pułka Andrzej 
Published: April 2011

Two Heuristic Algorithms for Test Point Selection in Analog Circuit Diagnoses
The paper presents a heuristic approach to the problem of analog circuit diagnosis. Different optimization techniques in the field of test point selection are discussed. Two new algorithms: SALTO and COSMO have been introduced. Both searching procedures have been implemented in a form of the expert system in PROLOG language. The proposed methodologies have been exemplified on benchmark circuits. The obtained results have been compared to the others achieved by different approaches in the field and the benefits of the proposed methodology have been emphasized. The inference engine of the heuristic algorithms has been presented and the expert system knowledge-base construction discussed.
Views and Reviews
Authors: Stephenson Jenn 
Published: April 2011

Money, Money: Is Theatre a Rich Man's Game?, by Robin BreonHow to Be Indie: The Fight for Independent Theatre Artists to Get What They Need from the Canadian Actors' Equity Association, by Alison BrovermanWhat Did You Say about My Mama? On Being Productively Uppity, by Donna-Michelle St. BernardMarlis Schweitzer, When Broadway was the Runway: Theatre, Fashion, and American Culture, reviewed by Sally CharnowKim Solga, D.J. Hopkins, and Shelley Orr, eds., Performance and the City: Performing and Writing Urban Space, reviewed by Helen Paris
La tiercéïté symbolique, fondement de la discontinuité psychique entre animaux et humains
Authors: Vidal Jean-Marie 
Published: April 2011

Résumé La compréhension de notre spécificité humaine peut prendre appui à la fois sur une interrogation des opinions et théories que nous « prenons à notre compte », et sur une herméneutique croisant le plus grand nombre d’indices éthologiques et anthropologiques (psychopathologiques compris). L’éthologie a apporté deux réfutations scientifiques majeures : l’une contredit la conception de « l’animal-machine » ; l’autre réfute l’hypothèse de quelque « animal pré-humain » qui montrerait aujourd’hui des conduites symboliques. De son côté, l’anthropologie a amplement réfuté les hypothèses de quelque « demi-humain », « demi-langue » ou « demi-culture ». Cette discontinuité psychique peut se formuler en termes de secondéité des systèmes signalétiques éthologiques, et en tiercéïté des structures symboliques anthropologiques. Elle éclaire le fonctionnement autistique en tant que « trouble envahissant de la tiercéïté » et, en retour, elle se voit confirmée.
Animalité incestualité
Authors: Defontaine Jeanne 
Published: April 2011

Résumé Ce texte est une réflexion sur une forme particulière d’incestualité que l’auteur nomme « effet Tamagushi ». Cet effet, présent dans certaines familles, porte sur les liens parent/enfant, mais on le trouve également dans les couples. L’auteur se pose la question de savoir si l’on peut considérer cette forme d’incestualité comme le reliquat d’une certaine forme d’animalité qui marquerait les relations parent/enfant au sein de certaines familles. Ce texte tente de reprendre cette notion inventée par Paul-Claude Racamier mais sujette à beaucoup de controverses et essaie de l’appréhender sous un nouvel angle, à partir d’un travail clinique effectué avec une famille dont elle relate certains extraits.
Le rôle d'un fleuve comme limite ou frontière au Moyen Âge. La Meuse, de Sedan à Maastricht
Authors: Suttor Marc 
Published: April 2011

The role of a river as a boundary or border in the Middle Ages: The Meuse, from Explaining the role of the Middle Meuse, from Sedan to Maastricht, with reference to the spatial definition used by the authorities of the Roman period in the 16 th century, proved difficult until the 12 th century. It is therefore necessary to give a geographical definition of the concepts of boundary and border and to make a few methodological comments regarding this issue. When borders become fixed, it can be observed that the river ceases to be a theoretical spatial reference point but instead becomes a very real one. When the Meuse becomes a border, it operates as such for navigation at least within its navigable course. But it seems impossible to assign to the river a systematic function as regards demarcation lines between different local powers. It is also important to stress the constant interest these powers have shown in the river.
Does Unconscious Information Affect Cognitive Activity?: A Study Using Experimental Priming
Authors: Filippova Margarita G. 
Published: April 2011

In a series of three experiments the influence that information unrecognised by the subjects has on the effectiveness of occurring cognitive activity is studied. With this aim 3 types of stimulus were compared which for one reason or another were not afforded sufficient attention, namely: unconscious meanings of polysemantic information, stimuli presented at the subliminal level, and intentionally ignored distractors. All the listed types of stimuli are united in that the subjects were not able to give an account of them, i.e., these stimuli were not processed attentively. It is assumed that each of the types of stimuli studied is in actuality perceived, which can be judged by the impact they have on occurring cognitive activity. The purpose of the present research is the comparison of this impact: apart from the determination of the impact of unperceived stimuli on the information directly associated with them (priming-effect registration), also identified is the presence/absence of an overall interference effect rendered by the unperceived stimuli on the performance of occurring cognitive activity. To this end, each experiment had a control condition the aim of which was the creation of the possibility for the subjects to perceive stimuli unnoticed under experimental conditions. An experimental priming paradigm was used in combination with image-classification and lexical-decision tasks.The results of the experiments conducted demonstrate that all types of stimuli ‘slipping the attention’ are assimilated, but their effect on occurring cognitive activity is varied. Thus, subliminally presented information aids, and distractors, on the contrary, hinder the solution of tasks associated with them, whereas unperceived meanings of polysemantic information hinder not only the solution of the tasks directly associated with them, but also the performance of any other cognitive activity for which they serve as a context. The effect of subliminal stimuli on occurring cognitive activity in the present research is explained by the spreading activation in the memory, the effect of distractors – by the inhibition of irrelevant representations in the information-processing system. For an explanation of the consequence of unperceived meanings of polysemanticity, not only an inhibition model was used, but also an unconscious negative choice model which assumed the necessity of making a special decision on non-perception.
An Electrode Design Rule for Organic Photovoltaics Elucidated Using Molecular Nanolayers
Authors: Cook Robert M. , Pegg Lara‐Jane , Kinnear Sophie L. , Hutter Oliver S. , Morris Richard J. H. , Hatton Ross A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSilane nanolayers deposited from the vapor phase onto indium‐tin oxide (ITO) coated glass are shown to be an effective means of tuning the work function and stabilizing the surface of this complex ternary oxide. Using this approach a pair of model hole‐extracting electrodes have been developed to investigate how the performance of bi‐layer organic photovoltaics is impacted by built‐in positive space charge in the critical region close to the hole‐extracting electrode. The magnitude and spatial distribution of positive space charge resulting from ground‐state electron transfer from the donor layer to the ITO electrode upon contact formation, is derived from direct measurements of the interfacial energetics using the Kelvin probe technique. This judiciously designed experiment shows that it is unnecessary to engineer the work function of the hole‐extracting electrode to match the ionization potential of the donor layer, rather only to ensure that the former exceeds the latter, thus simplifying an important aspect of device design. In addition, it is shown that silane nanolayers at the ITO electrode surface are remarkably effective at retarding device degradation under continuous illumination.
A twin study of genetic and environmental determinants of abnormal persistence of psychotic experiences in young adulthood
Authors: Wigman Johanna T.W. , van Winkel Ruud , Jacobs Nele , Wichers Marieke , Derom Catherine , Thiery Evert , Vollebergh Wilma A.M. , van Os Jim 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEvidence suggests that subclinical psychotic experiences are more likely to cause transition to psychotic disorder if their expression becomes persistent. The study of longitudinal patterns of subclinical psychotic experiences may help to distinguish subgroups with transient and persistent psychotic symptoms, who may differ in risk of later psychosis. The current study investigated patterns of developmental course of subclinical psychotic experiences in a general population sample of 566 female twins, aged 18–45 years. The positive symptoms subscale of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE), completed three times in 2 years, was analyzed with growth modeling. Using Latent Class Analysis, two developmental courses were distinguished: a Persistent and a Low (expression of subclinical psychotic experiences) group. The Persistent group reported significantly higher levels of depressive and negative symptoms and worse functioning in daily life. Childhood trauma (OR: 3.26, P < 0.0001) and stressful life events over the study period (OR: 3.15, P = 0.031) predicted membership of the Persistent group. Of the monozygotic (MZ) twins with their co‐twin in the Persistent group, 49% also were in the Persistent group themselves (OR: 9.32, P < 0.0001), compared to only 14% in the dizygotic (DZ) co‐twins (OR: 1.56, P = 0.42) (χ2(2) = 22.97; P < 0.001). The findings suggest that persistence of subclinical psychosis is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, providing the possibility to study the (possibly modifiable) etiology underlying the longitudinal process of persistence of the early expression of psychosis liability. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.