bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The avifauna of thePolylepiswoodlands of the Andean highlands: the efficiency of basing conservation priorities on patterns of endemism
Authors: Fjeldså J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe Andean páramo and puna zones may once have been densely dotted by woodlands, mainly ofPolylepis, but human impact has now led to a highly disjunct distribution of this habitat. Because of the habitat fragmentation, many specialized woodland birds now show relictual distributions. Speciations to thePolylepiszone took place in Peru and Bolivia during cold/arid climatic periods, asPolylepis-dominated woodland refuges were isolated away from the humid cis-Andean zone and the pre-Andean scrub-forest in Bolivia. An efficient protection of biodiversity in a minimum of well-managed areas could be achieved, if efforts were concentrated in highlands near the proposed Pleistocene woodland refuges: 55% of all endemic and 67% of all threatened and near-threatened landbirds of the high Andean zone of Peru and Bolivia were recorded within three 10 x 10 km study plots near Cochabamba in Bolivia and east of Abancay and on the east slope of Cordillera Blanca in Peru. The biological basis for the efficiency of this approach is discussed.Los páramos y punas Andinas pueden haber estado densamente poblados de bosques, principalmente dePolylepis, pero el impacto humano ha causado una distribución muy esparcida de este habitat. Debido a la fragmentatión del habitat, muchos pájaros especializados al bosque, ahora muestran distribuciones rudimentales. La diferenciación de las espeties en la zona dePolylepisse dió en Perú y Bolivia durante períodos climáticos fríos/aridos, al igual que los refúgios de bosques dominados porPolylepisfueron aislados de la zona húmeda cis-Andina y de la zone chaqueña en Bolivia. Se podría lograr una protección efitiente de la biodiversidad en un mínimo de áreas bien manejadas, si se concentrasen los esfuerzos en las sierras cerca de los refúgios propuestos de bosque Pleistocenico. Así es, que un 55% de los pájaros endémicos y 67% de todos los especies en peligro de extintión de la zona alto-Andina de Perú y Bolivia fueron registrados dentro de tres áreas de estudio de 10 × 10 km, cerca de Cochabamba en Bolivia, y al sureste de Abancay y en la vertiente oriental de la Cordillera Blanca en Perú. El artículo diserta los processos básicos.
Rediscovery, taxonomy and conservation of the Anjouan Scops OwlOtus capnodes(Gurney 1889)
Authors: Safford Roger J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe Anjouan Scops OwlOtus capnodes, not recorded with certainty since about 1886, was rediscovered in June 1992. It has usually been treated as a race of Madagascar Scops OwlOtus rutilusbut, judging from plumage and especially voice, it is a distinct species. It is found only in the remaining patches of upland forest (above 800 m) on Anjouan (Ndzuani), Comoro Islands, where the population is estimated to be at least several tens of pairs, probably between 100 and 200 pairs. The species is highly endangered by accelerating forest clearance and capture for food by the huge and increasing human population. Long-term environmental programmes are essential but may be too late to save this and other endangered species on Anjouan. Species-specific actions are needed: for the owl, a translocation to the neighbouring island of Moheli should be investigated.La chouette Scops d'AnjouanOtus capnodes, qui n'avait pas été observée avec certitude depuis environ 1886, a été redécouverte en juin 1992. Elle était habituellement considérée comme appartenant à la race des chouettes Scops de MadagascarOtus rutilus, mais à en juger par son plumage et surtout par sa voix, c'est une espèce différente. Elle n'existe que dans les restants de forêts d'altitude (plus de 800 mètres) en Anjouan (Ndzuani), dans les lles Comores, où la population est estimée à au moins plusieurs dizaines de couples, probablement entre 100 et 200 paires. L'espèce est fortement menacée par l'accélération de la déforestation et la capture de ces oiseaux pour l'alimentation d'une population humaine très nombreuse et croissante. Des programmes de conservation de l'environnement à long terme sont essentiels, mais arriveront peut-être déjà trop tard pour sauver cette espèce et d'autres espèces menacées en Anjouan. Des actions spécifiquement centrées sur chaque espèce sont nécessaires: pour la chouette, la possibilité d'un transfert sur l'île voisine de Mohéli devrait être examinée.
The avifauna of the Río Machariapo dry forest, northern La Paz department, Bolivia: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Pearman Mark 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn March 1993, a survey of dry forest along the Río Machariapo, northern La Paz department, Bolivia, resulted in seven new bird species for the department, including some range extensions of several hundred kilometres: Coccyzus erythropthalmus, Otus guatemalae, Poecilurus scutatus, Formicivora melanogaster, Empidonax traillii alnorum, Nemosia pileata and Conirostrum speciosum. A probable new Herpsilochmus antwren was collected. These discoveries are of high conservation interest, especially as the La Paz - Cobija road is to be constructed through the Machariapo Valley, with work resuming in May 1993 and already very close to the head of the valley. Thus several new plant and bird taxa may be lost through deforestation even before they can be described.Un estudio del bosque seco a lo largo del Río Machariapo en el norte del Departamento de La Paz, Bolivia, realizado en marzo de 1993, trajo como resultado el descubrimiento de siete nuevas especies de aves en este departamento, incluyendo algunas ampliaciones, de unos cien kilómetros, del área de distribución conocida: Coccyzus erythropthalmus, Otus guatemalae, Poecilurus scutatus, Formicivora melanogaster, Empidonax traillii alnorum, Nemosia pileata y Conirostrum speciosum. También se recolectó un Herpsilochmus sp. que es probablemente una nueva especie. Estos nuevas descubrimientos son de alto interés para la conservación, especialmente porque se está construyendo una carretera desde La Paz a Cobija por el Valle Machariapo. La construcción va a continuar en mayo de 1993 y actualmente esta se encuentra muy cerca del principio del valle. De esta manera nuevos taxa de plantas y aves podrian desaparecer a causa de deforestación, incluso antes de que se pudieran describir totalmente.
Incidental Capture of seabirds by Japanese southern bluefin tuna longline vessels in New Zealand waters, 1988-1992
Authors: Murray T. E. , Bartle J. A. , Kalish S. R. , Taylor P. R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFishery observers recorded incidental capture of seabirds during 785 days on Japanese bluefin tuna longline vessels around New Zealand between April and August each year, 1988-1992. High numbers of albatrosses Diomedea spp. and petrels Procellaria spp. were caught on longline hooks during setting and drowned. Twelve seabird taxa were recorded, six of them breeding only in New Zealand. Most were breeding adults, except for Grey-headed and Black-browed Albatrosses. No bias in sex ratio was evident except for Grey Petrels, of which nearly all were female. Winter-breeding species were most often caught. Birds were not caught randomly, but in a highly aggregated fashion suggestive of complex behavioural interactions with the fishery. Most albatrosses were caught by day in the south whereas most petrels were caught by night north-east of New Zealand. Highest capture rates occurred at dawn and dusk off north-east New Zealand in June-August. Very large catches at specific sites contributed disproportionately to the overall catch rate. The estimated minimum number of total seabirds caught in New Zealand waters declined from 3,652 in 1988 to 360 in 1992, probably as a result of mitigation measures introduced progressively by the industry and by government regulation. Use of tori lines to prevent birds seizing baits had an effect, as did setting in total darkness in the south. Considerably more work needs to be done on the development of improved mitigation measures. Greater observer coverage is required to measure accurately the mortality of individual seabird species on tuna longlines throughout the Southern Ocean and to determine the effectiveness of mitigation measures.
The distribution and status of Worthen's SparrowSpizella wortheni: a review
Authors: Wege David C. , Howell Steve N. G. , Sada Andrés M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOriginally described last century from New Mexico, U.S.A., Worthen's SparrowSpizella worthenihas subsequently been recorded from just eight states in Mexico centred on the interior of the north-east of the country. Records during the last 30 years originate from just Coahuila and Nuevo León, with those during the last 10 years exclusively from two small areas in south-eastern Coahuila and western Nuevo León: it appears that this poorly known species has been suffering a range contraction owing to the widespread destruction of its shrubby (mesquite or yucca-juniper) grassland habitat. Little detail is known of its specific requirements, local movements, or even its distribution, and it is proposed that Worthen's Sparrow be formally recognized as a threatened species.Originalmente descrito el siglo pasado a partir de ejemplares procedentes de Nuevo Méjico, U.S.A.,Spizella wortheniha sido posteriormente citado en ocho estados mejicanos, todos en el interior del noreste del país. Durante los últimos 30 años, todas las citas provienen de Coahuila y Nuevo León, y durante los últimos 10 exclusivamente de dos pequeñas áreas del sureste de Coahuila y del oeste de Nuevo León: parece que el área de distribution de esta escasamente conocida especie ha ido reduciéndose debido a una generalizada destructión de su hábitat de matorral (mescal o yuca-enebro) pastizal. Se conoce muy poco de sus requerimientos específicos, movimientos locales, o incluso su distributión, y se propone queSpizella worthenisea formalmente reconocido como una especie amenazada.
The decline and probable extinction of the Colombian GrebePodiceps andinus
Authors: Fjeldså J. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySearches were made for the Colombian GrebePodiceps andinusin 1981 in the wetlands in the Eastern Andes of Colombia. The studies also included surveys of other waterbirds and recorded the general conditions of these wetlands, once the stronghold for waterbirds in the northern Andes. The Colombian Grebe was apparently last seen in 1977 in Lake Tota, and is probably extinct, although a flock may have been moving around outside Lake Tota and could have settled outside the former breeding area. The primary reason for the decline must be draining of wetlands and eutrophication and siltation which destroyed the open submergentPotamogetonvegetation, where this grebe may have been feeding on a large diversity of arthropods. Introduction of exotic fish and hunting may also have played a role.Durante 1981 se han realizado varias expedidones en busca dePodiceps andinusen las zonas húmedas de los Andes Orientales de Colombia. Durante estos estudios también se censaron otras aves acuáticas y se tomaron notas sobre el estado general de éstas zonas húmedas, que en el pasado fueron el principal enclave para las aves acuáticas en los Andes del Norte. AparentementePodiceps andinusfué visto por última vez en 1977 en el Lago Tota, y está probablemente extinguido, aunque podría haber un bando en las inmediaciones de dicho lago que se hay a establecido fuera de la antigua área de cría. La razón fundamental del declive debe ser el drenaje de las zonas húmedas y la eutrofización y salinización que ha destruido la vegetatión sumergida dePotamogeton, donde ésta especie se alimentaba de una gran variedad de artrópodos. La introducción de peces exóticos y la caza pueden haber influido también.
Bird faunas of the humid montane forests of Mesoamerica: biogeographic patterns and priorities for conservation
Authors: Hernández-Baños Blanca E. , Peterson A. Townsend , Navarro-Sigüenza Adolfo G. , Escalante-Pliego B. Patricia 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe distribution of 335 species of birds in 33 islands of humid montane forest in Mesoamerica is summarized, and patterns of distribution, diversity and endemism are analysed.The montane forests of Costa Rica and western Panama far exceed other habitat islands considered for species-richness, richness of species endemic to Mesoamerica, and richness of species ecologically restricted to humid montane forests. Other regions, such as the Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero and Oaxaca, the Los Tuxtlas region of southern Veracruz and the mountains of Chiapas and Guatemala, also hold rich and endemic avifaunas. Based on patterns of similarity of avifaunas, the region can be divided into seven regions holding distinctive avifaunas (Costa Rica and western Panama; northern Central America and northern Chiapas; southern Chiapas; eastern Mexico north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec; Sierra Madre del Sur; interior Oaxaca; and Transvolcanic Belt and Sierra Madre Occidental), which serve as useful guides for the setting of priorities for conservation action.Se resumen las distribuciones de 335 especies de aves en 33 islas de bosque húmedo de montaña en Mesoamerica, y se analizan patrones de distributión, diversidad y endemismo. Los bosques montanos de Costa Rica y del oeste de Panamá tienen la más alta riqueza de especies, riqueza de especies endémicas a Mesoamerica, y riqueza de especies ecologicamente restringidas a bosque húmedo de montana. Otras regiones, tales como la Sierra Madre del Sur de Guerrero y Oaxaca, la región de Los Tuxtlas y las montanas de Chiapas y Guatemala, también tienen avifaunas ricas en especies y en endémicas. Basado en patrones de similitud de avifaunas, se puede dividir Mesoamerica en siete regiones que tienen avifaunas distintas (Costa Rica y el oeste de Panamá; el norte de Centroamérica y el norte de Chiapas; el sur de Chiapas; el este de México; la Sierra Madre del Sur; el interior de Oaxaca; y el Eje Neovolcánico y la Sierra Madre Occidental), las cuales pueden servir como guias en el establecimiento de prioridades para la conservatión.
An avifaunal survey of the vanishing montane Atlantic forest of southern Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Gonzaga L. P. , Pacheco J. F. , Bauer C. , Castiglioni G. D. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryRecent ornithological surveys of humid forest remnants in the Serra da Ouricana near Boa Nova, southern Bahia, Brazil, revealed the existence of an as yet unnoticed montane Atlantic forest avifauna. Among the 220 species recorded, 27 represent range extensions of several hundred kilometres, several others were preceded only by single or a few old, disputed records from Bahia, and at least two are undescribed taxa. A portion of this avifauna has been recorded in other mountainous areas of interior Bahia (Chapada Diamantina, plateau of Maracás), where a complex vegetation mosaic that includes patches of humid forest is found.In addition to the two undescribed passerines, nine other threatened and thirteen near-threatened species have been recorded in the study area. Considered together with the adjoining and also highly endangered “mata-de-cipo”, forest habitats in the Boa Nova area are probably the most neglected habitats in Brazil concerning bird conservation.Levantamentos ornitológicos recentemente feitos em remanescentes florestais úmidos na Serra da Ouricana perto de Boa Nova, sul da Bahia, Brasil, revelaram a existência nessa região de uma avifauna montícola da mata Atlântica. Entre as 220 espécies registradas, estão 27 que tiveram sua área de distribuição estendida por centenas de quilômetros, muitas outras conhecidas da Bahia apenas através de registros antigos e contestados, além de ao menos duas aves não descritas. Parte dessa avifauna foi também registrada em outras áreas montanhosas do interior da Bahia (Chapada Diamantina, Chapadão Maracás), onde se encontra um complexo mosaico de vegetação que inclui manchas de floresta úmida. Além dos dois pássaros não descritos, outras nove espécies ameaçadas e treze quase-ameaçadas foram registradas na área de estudo. Considerando-se em conjunto essa área com a vizinha “mata-de-cipo”, também muito ameaçada, pode-se dizer que os ambientes florestais na região de Boa Nova são os hábitats mais negligenciados em relação à conservação de aves no Brasil.
Avian inventory of the cerrado region, South America: implications for biological conservation
Authors: da Silva José Maria Cardoso 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe distribution of the ornithological localities in the cerrado region of South America is analysed. When plotted out, the distribution of total sampling localities appears to be even. However, when only those localities at which birds have been sampled in any depth (> 80 specimens collected or >100 species recorded) are considered a different pattern emerges: c.70% of the cerrado region has never been satisfactorily sampled for birds, and similar or worse situations have been reported for other groups of organisms. Priority areas for future ornithological exploration in the cerrado region are most of the states of Tocantins, Maranhão, and Mato Grosso do Sul, southern Goiás, and western Minas Gerais. In these areas, inventory efforts could be focused mainly on the avifaunas of tropical dry forests, gallery forests and “campos rupestres”. Because the biological diversity in the cerrado region is poorly known and most of this region has already been modified by human activity, it is suggested that the most feasible way to define both a set of priority areas for conservation and a coherent reserve system is to focus analyses on ecosystems and landscapes rather than on species, subspecies or populations.A distribuição das localidades ornitólogicas na regiao do cerrado, América do Sul, é analisada. Quando todas as localidades são plotadas em um mapa, o inventário das aves nessa região parece ser bem distribuido. Entretanto, quando somente aquelas localidades que tern sido amostradas com certa intensidade (>80 espécimes coletados ou >100 espécies registradas) são plotadas, um padrão bastante distinto é encontrado: cerca de 70% da região do cerrado tem nunca sido amostrada satisfatoriamente para aves, e situações similares ou piores tern sido também descritas para o inventário de outros grupos de organismos. Áreas prioritárias para futuras explorações ornitológicas na região do cerrado são grande parte dos estados do Tocantins, Maranhão e Mato Grosso do Sul, sul de Goiás e oeste de Minas Gerais. Nestas áreas, inventários poderiam ser direcionados principalmente para as avifaunas de florestas secas tropicais, florestas de galeria e campos rupestres. Em virtude da diversidade biológica na região do cerrado ser pouco conhecida e de grande parte dessa região já ter sido modificada pelas atividades humanas, é sugerido que a melhor estratégia para definir um conjunto de áreas prioritárias para conservação e um coerente sistema de reservas seria concentrar análises sobre ecossistemas e paisagens ao invés de espécies, subespécies ou populações.
Distribution and habitat use of Neotropical migrant landbirds in the Amazon basin and Andes
Authors: Robinson S. K. , Fitzpatrick J. W. , Terborgh J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryWe documented the geographical distributions and habitat selection of Neotropical migrants in South America along a successional gradient in the lowlands of Amazonian Peru, and along elevational gradients in the Andes of south-eastern Peru and of eastern and western Ecuador. Most of the 30 species of northern migrants that regularly winter in South America appear to be concentrated in the western edge of the Amazon basin and on the lower slopes (2,000 m) of the Andes. Migrants in a lowland site were documented more often in early successional habitats than in primary forest, and no species were confined to mature forest habitats. The number of species and relative abundance of migrants in primary forest, however, increased with elevation up to about 1,200 m and decreased above that elevation. Several species (Contopus borealis, Dendroica cerulea and Wilsonia canadensis) were largely confined to primary forest in the 1,000-2,000 m elevational zones in both Peru and Ecuador. Migrants on the western slope of the Ecuadorean Andes included several species that primarily winter further north. In general, the species richness of migrants and residents was inversely correlated, both on a biogeographical and a local scale. Migratory birds are most likely to be adversely affected by deforestation of the lower slopes of the Andes, which is proceeding at a rapid pace. The impact of human alterations of Amazonian forests will be greater on resident than on migratory birds. The loss of mid-successional lowland forests, however, might have a negative effect on several species.
The biology and conservation status of Central and South American Falconiformes: a survey of current knowledge
Authors: Bierregaard Richard O. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBased on an extensive literature review for the 81 species of Falconiformes (excluding vultures) that breed primarily in Central and South America, I summarize the current state of our knowledge of the biology and conservation status of these birds. Most of what is known about the diurnal raptors in the region is based on studies carried out in the southern U.S.A., the Petén of Guatemala, extreme north-eastern South America (Venezuela through the Guianas) and Chile. The least-known species are residents of primary forest, especially in the generaAccipiter, LeucoptemisandMicrastur. Nests remain undescribed for 19 species, and less than five nests have been described for an additional 12 species. No prey data are available for six species and only anecdotal data have been published for a further 25 species. Breeding behaviour is unknown for 27 species and known only anecdotally for an additional 18. The migratory habits of 28 species are poorly understood. Available data permit a reasonable assessment of the conservation status for 39 species and a well-educated guess for another 31, but any assessment for the remaining 11 would be speculation at best.Basado en un estudio muy extensivo de la literatura para 81 especies de Falconiformes(excluyendo Cathartidae) que se aparean principalmente en Centro y Sur América, hago un resumen de nuestro conocimiento más actual de la biologia y el estado de conservación en que se encuentran estas aves. La mayor parte de la información que se tiene sobre raptores diurnos de la región está basada en estudios que fueron llevados acabo en el sur de los Estados Unidos, el Petén en Guatemala, la parte noreste de América del Sur (Venezuela hasta las Guianas) y Chile. Las especies menos conocidos son residentes de bosque primario, especialmente de los génerosAccipiter, Leucoptemis y Micrastur. Falta describir nidos para 19 especies y menos de cinco nidos han sido descritos para 12 especies adicionales. No hay informacion sobre la alimentatión para seis especies y solamente información anecdotal ha sido publicada para 25 especies adicionales. Comportamiento de apareo se desconoce para 27 especies y solamente es conocido por anécdotas par 18 especies adicionales, Las costumbres migratorias de 28 especies se conocen muy poco. Información disponible permite juzgar razonablemente el estado de conservación para 39 especies y se puede estimarlo para 31 más, pero el juzgar de los 11 que restan seria solamente especulación.
Conservation education in threatened species management in Africa
Authors: Ntiamoa-Baidu Yaa 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe issues that need to be addressed in conservation education programmes aimed at saving threatened species in Africa are discussed. Elements considered as crucial for the success of such programmes include a clear definition of the problem, identification of the target groups, definition of appropriate messages for each group, and development of suitable strategies for dissemination. The advantages of using local people to implement education programmes are outlined. A system for monitoring and evaluation is essential for the assessment of the success of programmes and provides opportunities for improvement, re-definition of priorities and reallocation of resources.