bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spherical harmonic analysis of cortical complexity in autism and dyslexia
Authors: Williams Emily , El-Baz Ayman , Nitzken Matthew , Switala Andrew , Casanova Manuel 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Alterations in gyral form and complexity have been consistently noted in both autism and dyslexia. In this present study, we apply spherical harmonics, an established technique which we have exapted to estimate surface complexity of the brain, in order to identify abnormalities in gyrification between autistics, dyslexics, and controls. On the order of absolute surface complexity, autism exhibits the most extreme phenotype, controls occupy the intermediate ranges, and dyslexics exhibit lesser surface complexity. Here, we synthesize our findings which demarcate these three groups and review how factors controlling neocortical proliferation and neuronal migration may lead to these distinctive phenotypes.
A Solution of Non-Linear Differential Problem with Application to Selected Geotechnical Problems / Pewne Rozwiazanie Nieliniowego Problemu Rózniczkowego Z Zastosowaniem Do Wybranych Zagadnien Geotechnicznych
Authors: Milewska A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract A certain non-linear differential equation containing a power of unknown function being the solution is considered with application to selected geotechnical problems. The equation can be derived to a linear differential equation by a proper substitution and properties of operations G and S.
Global Safety Factor or Nonlinear Design of Concrete Structures
Authors: Wolinski Sz. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The paper focuses on different approaches to the safety assessment of concrete structures designed using nonlinear analysis. The method based on the concept of partial factors recommended by Eurocodes, and methods proposed by M. Holicky, and by the author of this paper are presented, discussed and illustrated on a numerical example. Global safety analysis by M. Holicky needs estimation of the resistance coefficient of variation from the mean and characteristic values of resistance, and requires two separate nonlinear analyses. The reliability index value and the sensitivity factor for resistance should be also identified. In the method proposed in this paper, the resistance coefficient of variation necessary to calculate the characteristic value of resistance may be adopted from test results and the resultant partial factor for materials properties, and may be calculated according to Eurocodes. Thus, only one nonlinear analysis from mean values of reinforcing steel and concrete is required
Flexibl Pavement Analysis Considering Temperature Profile and Anisotropy Behavior in Hot Mix Asphalt Layer
Authors: Choi Joonho , Seo Youngguk , Kim Sung-Hee , Beadles Samuel 
Published: March 2012

Abstract A three Dimensional finite element model (FEM) incorporating the anisotropic properties and temperature profile of hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement was developed to predict the structural responses of HMA pavement subject to heavy loads typically encountered in the field. In this study, ABAQUS was adopted to model the stress and strain relationships within the pavement structure. The results of the model were verified using data collected from the Korean Highway Corporation Test Road (KHCTR). The results demonstrated that both the base course and surface course layers follow the anisotropic behavior and the incorporation of the temperature profile throughout the pavement has a substantial effect on the pavement response predictions that impact pavement design. The results also showed that the anisotropy level of HMA and base material can be reduced to as low as 80% and 15% as a result of repeated loading, respectively.
Finite Element Modeling of Composite Concrete-Steel Columns / Numeryczne Modelowanie Zespolonych Słupów Stalowo-Betonowych
Authors: Kwasniewski L. , Szmigiera E. , Siennicki M. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract This paper presents the numerical part of the research program on concrete-filled steel columns. Nonlinear, three dimensional FE analysis of axial compression, was conducted using the finite element program ABAQUS. The numerical results were validated through comparison with experimental data in terms of ultimate loading and deformation modes. Modeling related problems such as the definition of boundary conditions, imperfections, concrete-steel interaction, material representation and others are investigated using a comprehensive parametric study. The developed FE models will be used for an enhanced interpretation of experiments and for the predictive study of cases not included in the experimental testing.
The Analysis of the Forest Flora of the Strzyżowskie Foothills from the Perspective of Presence of Anthropogenic Species
Authors: Towpasz Krystyna , Stachurska-Swakoń Alina 
Published: March 2012

The anthropogenic pressure of the forest communities of the Strzyżowskie Foothills (the Western Carpathians) was estimated on the basis of phytosociological materials. Carr communities are among the most threatened by invasive and alien species of the forest flora. The phenomenon of invasiveness of native species such as Calamagrostis epigejos or Carex brizoides was described. The highest number of ancient woodland indicator species was noted in the beech forest.
Diversity of Forest and Shrub Communities as a Result of Site History and of Extensive and Intensive Forest Management (Glinno Ługi Case Study)
Authors: Woziwoda Beata , Ambrożkiewicz Katarzyna 
Published: March 2012

The paper presents the diversity of natural and anthropogenic forest communities occurring in post-cultivated fields in Glinno Ługi. An impoverished fresh pine forest association (Leucobryo-Pinetum) and nine secondary forest communities have been distinguished in the transect line (1.16 km in length). Factors influencing the structure and species composition of recent forest communities, such as habitat properties, previous land use forms and the intensity of forest management, are described.
Actual State and Changes of Flora and Vegetation in the Broczówka Steppe Reserve
Authors: Cwener Anna , Nowak Marcin 
Published: March 2012

This paper presents floristic characterization of xerothermic plant associations and analysis of changes of flora within Broczówka steppe reserve. The floristic research was carried out in 2004-2009. Numerous species that were noted here almost 30 years ago were not found in the present study, the size of other populations decreased. Nevertheless, many plant species occurring in the reserve are rare, endangered or protected. Six major plant associations, impoverished form of two ones and one plant community are distinguished in the whole area of the reserve. Occurrence of two plant associations was not confirmed.
Introduction of Alien Tree Species and Its Influence on Floristical Composition and Vegetation Structure of Acidophilous Oak Forests: the Experimental Plots in the Zielonka Forest
Authors: Ratyńska Halina , Grodzki Marian , Waldon Barbara , Wachowiak Ewa 
Published: March 2012

In 1879 Schwappach first established 54 experimental forest plots on habitat of acidophilous oak forest Calamagrostio-Quercetum in the Zielonka Forest near Poznań, on which 20 exotic tree species were cultivated. Until this day 32 of the mentioned forest sites have been preserved and today only 9 species are present there. The aim of the study was to determine actual condition of the experimental plots, a description of their flora and vegetation, as well as a comparison with other test plots situated in the direct neighbourhood. Basing on 63 phytosociological relevés, an influence of exotic species plantings on the structure of vegetation and local biodiversity was assessed. Floristic richness of both experimental plots (88 species), as well as their direct neighbourhood (68) was recognised, along with the geographical-historical groups spectrum and species affiliation to phytosociological classes.
Rational polynomial windows with high attenuation of sidelobes
Authors: Okarma Krzysztof 
Published: March 2012

Rational polynomial windows with high attenuation of sidelobes
In the paper the idea of rational polynomial windows optimised towards low level of Fourier spectrum's sidelobes is presented. A relevant advantage of the polynomial windows family and their modifications is their ability to easily change their properties changing only the values of the polynomial coefficients. The obtained frequency characteristics demonstrate better properties of proposed rational windows than their standard polynomial equivalents requiring only the additional division operation. Such approach does not increase the computational complexity in significant way and the great advantage of polynomial windows which is their low computational complexity is preserved.
Iron loss and eddy-current loss analysis in a low-power BLDC motor with magnet segmentation
Authors: Młot Adrian , Korkosz Mariusz , Łukaniszyn Marian 
Published: March 2012

Iron loss and eddy-current loss analysis in a low-power BLDC motor with magnet segmentation
This paper considers a Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) machine prototype with six poles and 36 stator slots including a three phase double-layered distributed winding. Presented modifications of rotor construction are identified in order to achieve the best possible compromise of eddy-current losses and cogging torque characteristics. The permanent magnet (PM) eddy-current loss is relatively low compared with the iron loss; it may cause significant heating of the PMs due to the relatively poor heat dissipation from the rotor and it results in partial irreversible demagnetization. A reduction in both losses is achieved by magnet segmentation mounted on the rotor. Various numbers of magnet segmentation is analysed. The presented work concerns the computation of the no-load iron loss in the stator, rotor yoke and eddy-current loss in the magnets. It is shown that the construction of the rotor with segmented magnets can significantly reduce the PM loss (eddy-current loss). The eddy-current loss in PMs is caused by several machine features; the winding structure and large stator slot openings cause flux density variations that induce eddy-currents in the PMs. The effect of these changes on the BLDC motor design is examined in order to improve the machine performance. 3-D finite-element analysis (FEA) is used to investigate the electromagnetic behaviour of the BLDC motor.
Field synthesis for the optimal treatment planning in Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia
Authors: Di Barba Paolo , Dughiero Fabrizio , Sieni Elisabetta 
Published: March 2012

Field synthesis for the optimal treatment planning in Magnetic Fluid HyperthermiaAn automated procedure based on evolutionary computation and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is proposed to synthesize the optimal distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) in multi-site injection for a Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia (MFH) therapy. Evolution Strategy and Non dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA) are used as optimization procedures coupled with a Finite Element computation tool.
Comparison of transfer functions using estimated rational functions to detect winding mechanical faults in transformers
Authors: Bigdeli Mehdi , Vakilian Mehdi , Rahimpour Ebrahim 
Published: March 2012

Comparison of transfer functions using estimated rational functions to detect winding mechanical faults in transformers
As it is found in the related published literatures, the transfer function (TF) evaluation method is the most feasible method for detection of winding mechanical faults in transformers. Therefore, investigation of an accurate method for evaluation of the TFs is very important. This paper presents three new indices to compare the transformer TFs and consequently to detect the winding mechanical faults. These indices are based on estimated rational functions. To develop the method, the necessary measurements are carried out on a 1.3 MVA transformer winding, under intact condition, as well as different fault conditions (axial displacement of winding). The obtained results demonstrate the high potential of proposed method in comparison with two other well-known indices. Additionally, two important methods for describing TFs by rational functions are studied and compared in this paper.
Positivity of descriptor linear systems with regular pencils
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz 
Published: March 2012

Positivity of descriptor linear systems with regular pencilsThe positivity of descriptor continuous-time and discrete-time linear systems with regular pencils are addressed. Such systems can be reduced to standard linear systems and can be decomposed into dynamical and static parts. Two definitions of the positive systems are proposed. It is shown that the definitions are not equivalent. Conditions for the positivity of the systems and the relationship between two classes of positive systems are established. The considerations are illustrated by examples of electrical circuits and numerical examples.
In vitro combined effect of oregano essential oil and caprylic acid against Salmonella serovars, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Hulánková Radka , Bořilová Gabriela 
Published: March 2012

In vitro inhibition of foodborne pathogens via action of natural antimicrobials – caprylic acid (CA) and essential oil from Origanum vulgare L. (OEO) with high carvacrol content (72%) was evaluated. For 15 Salmonella strains the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined by broth microdilution method ranged between 3.67–4.33 μl·ml-1 for CA and between 0.48–0.57 μl·ml-1 for OEO. For 7 Listeria monocytogenes strains the MIC ranged between 2.17–2.83 μl·ml-1 for CA and between 0.52–0.58 μl·ml-1 for OEO. Type strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus were tested, too, with MIC of CA 3.60 μl·ml-1 and 3.20 μl·ml-1 and MIC of OEO 0.51 μl·ml-1 and 0.48 μl·ml-1, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that the MIC of CA can be decreased by even low addition (0.05%) of citric or acetic acid and to a lesser extent by lactic acid, whereas the MICs of OEO did not notably decrease. Combined application of CA and OEO determined by FIC index led only to an additive effect (0.5 ≤ FIC ≤ 1). Combination of natural additives OEO, CA and eventually acetic or citric acid seems to have the potential to be an effective mixture for inhibition of foodborne pathogens, predominantly Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes, even in only slightly acidic food.
Comparison of meat products’ composition bearing/not-bearing claims marketed in the Czech Republic
Authors: Steinhauserová Pavla , Řehůřková Irena , Ruprich Jiří 
Published: March 2012

The aim of this study was to analyse the occurrence and specific composition of meat products (MPs) bearing nutrition/health claims marketed in the Czech Republic. MPs were analysed for fat content, fatty acids (FA) composition and sodium (Na) content. The compliance with legal requirements (Regulation EC No 1924/2006) and information stated on the product was checked.This study is the first one in the Czech Republic dealing with this issue. Among hundreds of marketed MPs, we observed only a limited number of MPs bearing claims. We analysed and compared chemical composition of 12 MPs bearing nutrition claims to 5 identical brand products without any claim. None of the claims dealt with reduced amount of Na/salt content and none was evaluated as an explicit health claim. Most of the mentioned nutrition claims were declared as “Fit, Fitness, Light, Wellness, With low/reduced fat”. Only one claim mentioned “ω3 FA addition”. All analytical results, except one product with claim “Low/reduced fat” or “Light” (if connected with fat reduction), corresponded to the legal requirements and information stated on the product. Three statements on the products associated with Na/salt content did not correspond to the amount measured in the sample. When comparing MPs “with” and “without” nutrition claim, lightly reduced fat or added amount of ω3 FA was recognized only in one product with claim. Other indicators, such as Na/salt content, better FA profile or more evident fat reduction were not found. The results of our study show that claims such as “Healthier, Fit, Fitness or Wellness” may be considered as somewhat misleading for consumers.
Effects of carprofen or meloxicam on selected haemostatic variables in miniature pigs after orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Raušer Petr , Lexmaulová Leona , Srnec Robert , Urbanová Lucie , Proks Pavel , Nečas Alois 
Published: March 2012

The aim of the study was to detect and compare the haemostatic variables and bleeding after 7‑days administration of carprofen or meloxicam in clinically healthy miniature pigs. Twenty-one clinically healthy Göttingen miniature pigs were divided into 3 groups. Selected haemostatic variables such as platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, serum biochemical variables such as total protein, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase and haemoglobin, haematocrit, red blood cells, white blood cells and buccal mucosal bleeding time were assessed before and 7 days after daily intramuscular administration of saline (1.5 ml per animal, control group), carprofen (2 mg·kg-1) or meloxicam (0.1 mg·kg-1). In pigs receiving carprofen or meloxicam, the thrombin time was significantly increased (p< 0.01) compared to the control group. In animals receiving carprofen, serum urea and creatinine were significantly decreased, compared to the control (p< 0.01) or meloxicam (p< 0.05) groups. In pigs receiving meloxicam, serum urea was significantly decreased (p< 0.05) compared to the control group. Significant differences were not detected in other haemostatic, biochemical variables or bleeding time compared to other groups or to the pretreatment values. Intramuscular administration of carprofen or meloxicam in healthy miniature pigs for 7 days causes sporadic, but not clinically important changes of selected haemostatic variables. Therefore, we can recommend them for perioperative use, e.g. for their analgesic effects, in orthopaedic or other surgical procedures without increased bleeding.
Counter-Reformation Theology and Art: The Example of Rubens's Paintings of the Passion
Authors: Viladesau Richard 
Published: March 2012

Abstract: The Counter-Reformation period is a rare example of a direct influence of theological ideas on painting—not only in themes but also in style. The altarpieces of Peter Paul Rubens are a supreme example of baroque Catholic painting that translates Tridentine theology into art.
Adjoint sensitivities of sub-ice-shelf melt rates to ocean circulation under the Pine Island Ice Shelf, West Antarctica
Authors: Heimbach Patrick , Losch Martin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe investigate the sensitivity of sub-ice-shelf melt rates under Pine Island Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, to changes in the oceanic state using an adjoint ocean model that is capable of representing the flow in sub-ice-shelf cavities. The adjoint code is based on algorithmic differentiation (AD) of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s ocean general circulation model (MITgcm). The adjoint model was extended by adding into the AD process the corresponding sub-ice-shelf cavity code, which implements a three-equation thermodynamic melt-rate parameterization to infer heat and freshwater fluxes at the ice-shelf/ocean boundary. The inferred sensitivities reveal dominant timescales of 30–60 days over which the shelf exit is connected to the deep interior via advective processes. They exhibit rich three-dimensional time-evolving patterns that can be understood in terms of a combination of the buoyancy forcing by inflowing water masses, the cavity geometry and the effect of rotation and topography in steering the flow in the presence of prominent features in the bedrock bathymetry. Dominant sensitivity pathways are found over a sill, as well as ‘shadow regions’ of very low sensitivities. To the extent that these transient patterns are robust they carry important information for decision-making in observation deployment and monitoring.
Tidewater glacier fluctuations in central East Greenland coastal and fjord regions (1980s–2005)
Authors: Jiskoot Hester , Juhlin Dan , St Pierre Heather , Citterio Michele 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSummer 2000/01 ASTER and Landsat 7 scenes and semi-automated digitization were used to compile a glacier inventory for local glaciers of the Geikie Plateau region, central East Greenland. Of the 332 glaciers (41 591 km2), 120 are tidewater-terminating and drain 90% of the glacierized area. Differencing the 2000/01 tidewater margins from the 1980s GEUS map database ice polygons (113 glaciers) and from 2004/05 ASTER tidewater margins (78 glaciers) shows a cumulative tidewater terminus width decrease from 196 km to 183 km between the 1980s and 2000s, with a corresponding areal loss of ~31 km2 and an effective length change of –14.3 km. Between 2000/01 and 2004/05, areal loss was 26 km2. Average margin retreat rate increased two- to threefold, from 1.7–2.1km2 a–1 (1980s– 2000) to 3.9–5.7km2 a–1 (2000–05). Advances are negligible, apart from two surges, of which one was previously undetected. Coastal, ‘outer’ fjord-terminating, glaciers have two to three times larger areal and effective length retreat rates than ‘inner’ fjord-terminating glaciers. We investigate possible causes and hypothesize that, in addition to ocean temperature and sea ice, changes in sea fog may affect coastal-terminating more than inner fjord-terminating glaciers.
Estimating ocean heat transports and submarine melt rates in Sermilik Fjord, Greenland, using lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP) velocity profiles
Authors: Sutherland David A. , Straneo Fiammetta 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSubmarine melting at the ice–ocean interface is a significant term in the mass balance of marine-terminating outlet glaciers. However, obtaining direct measurements of the submarine melt rate, or the ocean heat transport towards the glacier that drives this melting, has been difficult due to the scarcity of observations, as well as the complexity of oceanic flows. Here we present a method that uses synoptic velocity and temperature profiles, but accounts for the dominant mode of velocity variability, to obtain representative heat transport estimates. We apply this method to the Sermilik Fjord–Helheim Glacier system in southeastern Greenland. Using lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP) and hydrographic data collected in summer 2009, we find a mean heat transport towards the glacier of 29 × 109W, implying a submarine melt rate at the glacier face of 650 ma–1. The resulting adjusted velocity profile is indicative of a multilayer residual circulation, where the meltwater mixture flows out of the fjord at the surface and at the stratification maximum.
The role of Pine Island Glacier ice shelf basal channels in deep-water upwelling, polynyas and ocean circulation in Pine Island Bay, Antarctica
Authors: Mankoff Kenneth D. , Jacobs Stanley S. , Tulaczyk Slawek M. , Stammerjohn Sharon E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSeveral hundred visible and thermal infrared satellite images of Antarctica’s southeast Amundsen Sea from 1986 to 2011, combined with aerial observations in 2009, show a strong inverse relation between prominent curvilinear surface depressions and the underlying basal morphology of the outer Pine Island Glacier ice shelf. Shipboard measurements near the calving front reveal positive temperature, salinity and current anomalies indicative of melt-laden, deep-water outflows near and above the larger channel termini. These buoyant plumes rise to the surface and are expressed as small polynyas in the sea ice and thermal signatures in the open water. The warm upwellings also trace the cyclonic surface circulation in Pine Island Bay. The satellite coverage suggests changing modes of ocean/ice interactions, dominated by leads along the ice shelf through 1999, fast ice and polynyas from 2000 to 2007, and larger areas of open water since 2008.