bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demand for differentiated milk products: implications for price competition
Authors: Lopez Elena , Lopez Rigoberto A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe authors apply the Berry, Levinsohn, and Pakes (1995) model to scan data from Boston supermarkets augmented with consumer characteristics data to analyze consumer choices and price competition in a differentiated fluid milk market. Milk characteristics include price, fat content, brand name, and the organic and/or lactose‐free nature of the product. Empirical results show that consumer valuation of fat decreases with income, but increases with the number of children. Low‐fat and specialty milks, such as organic and lactose‐free milks, are preferred by high‐income consumers with no children. Although all milks are price elastic at the individual brand level, the cross‐price elasticities are quite low and negligible for specialty milks. Based on calculated Lerner indexes, private label milks have the highest percent markups despite their lower prices, whereas specialty milks have the lowest markups despite their higher prices, which attests to a greater degree of market power for conventional and particularly for private label milk. [JEL Classification: D12, D40, L11, L81]. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Service quality in agronomic inputs: does the hierarchical model apply?
Authors: Gunderson Michael A. , Gray Allan W. , Akridge Jay T. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractResearch regarding the quality of services is increasingly important as services account for more of the national economy. In agriculture many services are used, but are not systematically assessed in a manner similar to how products are assessed. This research aims to identify the compatibility of proposed service quality structures to the agriculture inputs sector. Results of a survey of Midwest row crop producers lend support to the hierarchical model of service quality structure. Input suppliers can use these results to structure their services more efficiently. [EconLit classification codes: M, Q]. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quality improvement through consumer sorting and disposal
Authors: Ferrier Peyton 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSorting allows consumers to capture the value of quality differences. As higher quality goods are removed, the value of the seller's remaining stock falls, lowering the price and profits. Bundling and other marketing mechanisms can discourage sorting and prevent the depreciation of the seller's stock. With comparative statics and simulations, the author shows that sellers can increase expected quality and profits by committing to discard a proportion of their resale stock after sorting occurs. In this manner, sorting acts similarly to agricultural grading. [EconLit Classification: Q1, Q11, Q13, L0, L1, D8, D82]. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Would consumers value food‐away‐from‐home products with nutritional labels?
Authors: Drichoutis Andreas C. , Lazaridis Panagiotis , Nayga Rodolfo M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe authors examine consumers' valuation for food‐away‐from‐home products with and without nutritional labels using experimental auctions. They presented subjects with three different nutritional information schemes: a European Union type label, a United States type label, and a traffic‐light colored information label. Furthermore, they examined the role of reference prices (i.e., the real market prices of the products) within the context of experimental auctions. Using well‐known products, our results indicate that subjects bid more for the products with nutritional labels. However, among products with nutritional information, subjects' willingness to pay values differ depending on the type of nutritional label on the product. In addition, the authors find evidence that inclusion of reference prices leads to higher bids. [JEL classifications: D12, C23]. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association study of SNAP25 and schizophrenia in Irish family and case–control samples
Authors: Fanous A.H. , Zhao Z. , van den Oord E.J.C.G. , Maher B.S. , Thiselton D.L. , Bergen S.E. , Wormley B. , Bigdeli T. , Amdur R.L. , O'Neill F.A. , Walsh D. , Kendler K.S. , Riley B.P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSNAP25 occurs on chromosome 20p12.2, which has been linked to schizophrenia in some samples, and recently linked to latent classes of psychotic illness in our sample. SNAP25 is crucial to synaptic functioning, may be involved in axonal growth and dendritic sprouting, and its expression may be decreased in schizophrenia. We genotyped 18 haplotype‐tagging SNPs in SNAP25 in a sample of 270 Irish high‐density families. Single marker and haplotype analyses were performed in FBAT and PDT. We adjusted for multiple testing by computing q values. Association was followed up in an independent sample of 657 cases and 411 controls. We tested for allelic effects on the clinical phenotype by using the method of sequential addition and 5 factor‐derived scores of the OPCRIT. Nine of 18 SNPs had P values <0.05 in either FBAT or PDT for one or more definitions of illness. Several two‐marker haplotypes were also associated. Subjects inheriting the risk alleles of the most significantly associated two‐marker haplotype were likely to have higher levels of hallucinations and delusions. The most significantly associated marker, rs6039820, was observed to perturb 12 transcription‐factor binding sites in in silico analyses. An attempt to replicate association findings in the case–control sample resulted in no SNPs being significantly associated. We observed robust association in both single marker and haplotype‐based analyses between SNAP25 and schizophrenia in an Irish family sample. Although we failed to replicate this in an independent sample, this gene should be further tested in other samples. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetic simulation of a centrifugal bioreactor for high population density hybridoma culture
Authors: Detzel Christopher J. , Mason Derek J. , Davis William C. , van Wie Bernard J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDemand for increasingly complex post‐translationally modified proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), necessitates the use of mammalian hosts for production. The focus of this article is a continuous centrifugal bioreactor (CCBR) capable of increasing volumetric productivity for mAb production through high density hybridoma culture, exceeding 108 cells/mL. At these extreme densities, environmental conditions such as substrate and inhibitor concentrations rapidly change dramatically affecting the growth rate. The development of a kinetic model predicting glucose, mAb, lactate, and ammonium concentrations based on dilution rate and cell density is shown in this article. Additionally, it is found that pH affects both growth rate and viability, and a range of 6.9–7.4 is needed to maintain growth rate above 90% of the maximum. Modeling shows that operating an 11.4 mL CCBR inoculated with 2.0 × 107 cells/mL at a dilution rate of 1.3 h–1, results in a predicted growth rate 82% of the maximum value. At the same dilution rate increasing density to 6.0 × 107 cells/mL decreases the predicted growth rate to 60% of the maximum; however, by increasing dilution rate to 6.1 h−1 the growth rate can be increased to 86% of the maximum. Using the kinetic model developed in this research, the concentration of glucose, mAb, lactate, and ammonium are all predicted within 13% of experimental results. This model and an understanding of how RPM impacts cell retention serve as valuable tools for maintaining high density CCBR cultures, ensuring maximum growth associated mAb production rates. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Anatomical features of the opening of the nasolacrimal duct and the lacrimal fold (Hasner's valve) for intranasal surgery: A cadaveric study
Authors: Orhan Mustafa , Ikiz Zûhre Asli Aktan , Saylam Canan Yurttas 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe location and size of the opening of the nasolacrimal duct and the lacrimal fold (Hasner's valve) are variable. These features have clinical importance in nasal surgery because of the difficulty in determining their location. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the anatomical features of the opening of the nasolacrimal duct and the lacrimal fold and to discuss the importance of such knowledge in minimizing the risk of injury at surgery. Twenty sagittal head sections from formalin‐fixed cadavers were examined. The sections showed no evidence of pathology or trauma. The type of opening of the nasolacrimal duct was a vertical sulcus in 14 of 20 (70%), an oblique sulcus in 2 of 20 (10%), an oblique fissure in 2 of 20 (10%), a vertical fissure in 1 of 20 (5%), and an anteroposterior fissure in 1 of 20 specimens (5%). The lacrimal fold was present in 16 of 20 specimens (80%). Five different forms of this fold were observed. Some morphological features were evaluated quantitatively. We believe that detailed anatomical knowledge of the opening of nasolacrimal duct will be useful in surgical approaches to this area. Clin. Anat. 22:925–931, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomy of the floor of the third ventricle in relation to endoscopic ventriculostomy
Authors: Aydin Selcuk , Yilmazlar Selcuk , Aker Sibel , Korfali Ender 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNeuroanatomical structures that form the floor of the third ventricle (FTV) and neighboring tissues are important in the context of third ventriculostomy (TV) procedures. Thorough knowledge of the anatomical and histological organization of the region would be useful in understanding and preventing surgical complications. Taking the third ventricle region as a model, we aimed to simulate TV and make measurements of 23 cadaver brains, as well as perform histological examinations of the third ventricular floor on five cadaver brains. During the endoscopic TV, we examined the degree to which the structures surrounding the FTV were affected by surgical simulation. To make a clinical comparison, the distance between the center of the FTV and the basilar apex was measured on cranial magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 15 subjects with normal ventricular systems and 15 subjects with moderately enlarged ventricles. Histological examination revealed that the ependymal cells and arachnoid membrane formed the inner and outer surfaces of the third ventricle floor, respectively, whereas the stroma was made up of glial cells exclusively. This region was gliotic and avascular. When cadaver brains with normal and hydrocephalic ventricles were compared, there were significant differences in the distance between the center of the floor and the basilar apex (P < 0.001). On the basis of our study, the optimal site for TV fenestration and balloon inflation is just anterior to the mamillary bodies to avoid injury to neighboring structures. Clin. Anat. 22:916–924, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Olefin Production by a Multistep Oxidative Dehydrogenation in a Perovskite Hollow‐Fiber Membrane Reactor
Authors: Czuprat Oliver , Werth Steffen , Schirrmeister Steffen , Schiestel Thomas , Caro Jürgen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA multistep permeating hollow‐fiber membrane reactor is introduced with successive parts of permeable and passivated surface segments. This geometry allows a controlled oxygen insertion into the reactor over an extended length in order to overcome the equilibrium conversion. At the same time, it provides a lower oxygen concentration, which yields higher ethene selectivity by selectively burning off in situ the hydrogen formed by conventional catalytic dehydrogenation. In the range of low and moderate ethane conversions, this membrane reactor, by using a standard commercial catalyst, can compete with the best catalysts used in the cofeed mode of the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODE). Reaction conditions with long‐term stability could be established that have a comparable ethene yield to those in the industrial steam‐cracking process, but at a temperature that is approximately 100 °C lower.
Oxidation of End‐Capped Pentathienoacenes and Characterization of Their Radical Cations
Authors: Malavé Osuna Reyes , Ruiz Delgado M. Carmen , Hernández Víctor , López Navarrete Juan T. , Vercelli Barbara , Zotti Gianni , Novoa Juan J. , Suzuki Yoshitake , Yamaguchi Shigehiro , Henssler John T. , Matzger Adam J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA detailed investigation of the optical and electrochemical properties of two pentathienoacene derivatives, 2,6‐bis(trimethylsilyl)‐α‐pentathienoacene (TMS‐T5‐TMS) and 2,6‐bis(triisopropylsilyl)‐α‐pentathienoacene (TIPS‐T5‐TIPS), as the neutral and oxidized species was performed in the temperature range of 80–300 K. The experimental solution UV/Vis and solid‐state Raman spectra were interpreted by using time‐dependent DFT and DFT quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6‐31G** level. Bond lengths, HOMO–LUMO positions, and charge distribution were also predicted by computational methods for both the neutral and oxidized states of each thienoacene. As evidenced by ESR and spectroelectrochemical data, upon oxidation the pentathienoacene derivative with the less sterically hindering trimethylsilyl solubilizing groups, TMS‐T5‐TMS, undergoes π dimerization to form [TMS‐T5‐TMS]22+. In contrast, TIPS‐T5‐TIPS, with the more bulky triisopropylsilyl solubilizing groups, was oxidized to the radical cation but dimerization was prevented due to steric interactions. These experimental observations are supported by DFT calculations, which were used to investigate [TMS‐T5‐TMS]22+ and [TIPS‐T5‐TIPS]22+ π dimers in the solid state and in solution. The redox potentials and absorption peak locations corresponding to the radical cations and π dimer of TMS‐T5‐TMS were identified experimentally.
Size Selectivity of a Copper Metal–Organic Framework and Origin of Catalytic Activity in Epoxide Alcoholysis
Authors: Jiang Dongmei , Urakawa Atsushi , Yulikov Maxim , Mallat Tamas , Jeschke Gunnar , Baiker Alfons 
Published: October 2009

Abstract{Cu(bpy)(H2O)2(BF4)2(bpy)} (Cu‐MOF; MOF=metal–organic framework; bpy=4,4′‐bipyridine), with a 3D‐interpenetrated structure and saturated Cu coordination sites in the framework, possesses unexpectedly high activity in the ring‐opening reaction of epoxides with MeOH, although the reaction rate drops remarkably with more bulky alcohols. This (apparent) size selection and the single Cu2+ sites in an identical environment of the crystalline matrix resemble zeolites. The real nature of active sites was investigated by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR‐IR), Raman, EPR, and UV/Vis spectroscopies. Cu‐MOF has highly dynamic structural properties that respond to MeOH; its framework dimensions change from 3D to 2D by restructuring to a symmetric coordination of four bpy units to Cu. This interaction is accompanied by the partial dissolution of Cu‐MOF as multi‐Cu clusters, in which Cu2+ ions are connected with bpy ligands. Although both molecular and surface catalysis contribute to the high rate of alcoholysis, the soluble oligomeric species (Cumbpyn) are far more active. Finally, addition of diethyl ether to the reaction mixture induces the reconstruction of dissolved and solid Cu‐MOF to the original framework structure, thereby allowing excellent recyclability of Cu‐MOF as an apparent heterogeneous catalyst. In contrast, the original Cu‐MOF structure is maintained upon contact with larger alcohols, such as iPrOH and tBuOH, thus leading to poor activity in epoxide ring opening.
Nonparametric covariate adjustment for receiver operating characteristic curves
Authors: Yao Fang , Craiu Radu V. , Reiser Benjamin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe accuracy of a diagnostic test is typically characterized using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Summarizing indexes such as the area under the ROC curve (AUC) are used to compare different tests as well as to measure the difference between two populations. Often additional information is available on some of the covariates which are known to influence the accuracy of such measures. The authors propose nonparametric methods for covariate adjustment of the AUC. Models with normal errors and possibly non‐normal errors are discussed and analyzed separately. Nonparametric regression is used for estimating mean and variance functions in both scenarios. In the model that relaxes the assumption of normality, the authors propose a covariate‐adjusted Mann–Whitney estimator for AUC estimation which effectively uses available data to construct working samples at any covariate value of interest and is computationally efficient for implementation. This provides a generalization of the Mann–Whitney approach for comparing two populations by taking covariate effects into account. The authors derive asymptotic properties for the AUC estimators in both settings, including asymptotic normality, optimal strong uniform convergence rates and mean squared error (MSE) consistency. The MSE of the AUC estimators was also assessed in smaller samples by simulation. Data from an agricultural study were used to illustrate the methods of analysis. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38:27–46; 2010 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada
Long‐term surgical outcomes of temporal lobe epilepsy associated with low‐grade brain tumors
Authors: Phi Ji Hoon , Kim Seung‐Ki , Cho Byung‐Kyu , Lee Seo Young , Park Su Yeon , Park Sung‐joon , Lee Sang Kun , Kim Ki Joong , Chung Chun Kee 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Tumor‐related temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has a high likelihood of medical intractability and requires surgical treatment. The aims of this study were to analyze the long‐term surgical outcomes of and to present appropriate surgical strategies for tumor‐related TLE.METHODS:The clinical data of 87 consecutive patients diagnosed with tumor‐related TLE were analyzed. The median age at surgery was 22 years. Sixteen patients had a tumor confined to the amygdala or the parahippocampal gyrus, and 10 of them received a tailored lesionectomy without hippocampectomy. The surgical outcome was evaluated based on 3 aspects: seizure control, tumor control, and discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).RESULTS:The actuarial seizure and tumor control rates at the fifth year postoperatively were 79% and 90%, respectively. Seizure control was highly correlated with tumor control. The following factors were found to be significantly associated with poor seizure control: duration of epilepsy >10 years, presence of a remote focus on surface electroencephalography, and incomplete tumor removal. The actuarial AED maintenance rates were 47% at the second year and 11% at the fifth year. The median time to AED discontinuation was 22 months. A younger age at surgery was found to be significantly associated with an increased chance of AED discontinuation. Tailored resection focusing on the tumor resulted in a favorable outcome, even for tumors confined to the amygdala or the parahippocampal gyrus.CONCLUSIONS:Surgical treatment of tumor‐related TLE resulted in long‐term seizure control in the majority of patients. Maximal tumor removal can be recommended for tumor‐related TLE. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
CK19 and CD10 expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Salla Charitini , Konstantinou Panagiotis , Chatzipantelis Paschalis 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:CK19 and CD10 are useful markers in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic tumors. The authors evaluated CK19 and CD10 expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) obtained by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA).METHODS:Twenty‐eight patients diagnosed with pancreatic NETs based on EUS‐FNA cytology were studied retrospectively (2004‐2007) for immunohistochemical expression of CK19 and CD10. Immunohistochemistry was performed on cell blocks for each case. The pattern of expression for CD10 (cytoplasmic or membranous) and its intensity (0‐2) were noted. The staining of the stromal elements for CD10 was recorded as negative. Cytoplasmic staining in tumor cells and percentage distribution (1+ to 4+) for CK19 were regarded as positive.RESULTS:Twenty‐three of 28 (82.14%) NETs showed positive cytoplasmic and/or membranous staining for CD10, and 25 of 28 (89.29%) cases were positive for CK19.CONCLUSIONS:The findings demonstrate the high expression of CD10 and CK19 in pancreatic NETs. This indicates that CD10 and CK19 cannot reliably differentiate NETs from other tumors with similar cytomorphologic features (solid pseudopapillary tumors, which frequently stain with CD10, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which stains with CK19). Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
The peak point of LURR and its significance
Authors: Yin Xiang‐Chu , Zhang Lang‐Ping , Zhang Yongxian , Peng Keyin , Wang Haitao , Song Zhiping , Zhang Xiaotao , Yuan Shuai 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) value fluctuates around one during the early stage of the seismogenic process and then rises and reaches its peak point before the occurrence of a strong earthquake; the strong earthquake however does not onset at that time, but after the peak point LURR decreases sharply at the eve of the main shock before the final event outbreak. Thus, the peak point of LURR is ahead of the occurrence of an earthquake. We denote the lead time as T2. The discovery of peak point for LURR and the relationship between T2 and magnitude M is of great significance as the peak point is usually easy to determine and then we can predict the occurrence time for the coming event according to Equation (3) so that we can enhance the precision of time for earthquake prediction in terms of LURR from ‘year’ scale to ‘month’ scale. The variation of LURR around the Wenchuan earthquake and its lesson to us are depicted in the paper. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exciton Migration in Conjugated Dendrimers: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Köse Muhammet E. , Graf Peter , Kopidakis Nikos , Shaheen Sean E. , Kim Kwiseon , Rumbles Garry 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe report a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of exciton diffusion in phenyl‐cored thiophene dendrimers. Experimental exciton diffusion lengths of the dendrimers vary between 8 and 17 nm, increasing with the size of the dendrimer. A theoretical methodology is developed to estimate exciton diffusion lengths for conjugated small molecules in a simulated amorphous film. The theoretical approach exploits Fermi’s Golden Rule to estimate the energy transfer rates for a large ensemble of bimolecular complexes in random relative orientations. Utilization of Poisson’s equation in the evaluation of the Coulomb integral leads to very efficient calculation of excitonic couplings between the donor and the acceptor chromophores. Electronic coupling calculations with delocalized transition densities revealed efficient coupling pathways in the bulk of the material, but do not result in strong couplings between the chromophores which are calculated for more localized transition densities. The molecular structures of dendrimers seem to be playing a significant role in the magnitude of electronic coupling between chromophores. Simulated diffusion lengths correlate well with the experimental data. The chemical structure of the chromophore, the shape of the transition densities and the exciton lifetime are found to be the most important factors in determining the size of the exciton diffusion length in amorphous films of conjugated materials.