bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term risk of anaemia following initiation of combination antiretroviral treatment in HIV‐infected patients in countries in sub‐Saharan Africa, Asia‐Pacific, and central and South America
Authors: Zhou Jialun , Jaquet Antoine , Bissagnene Emmanuel , Musick Beverly , Wools‐Kaloustian Kara , Maxwell Nicola , Boulle Andrew , Wehbe Firas , Masys Daniel , Iriondo‐Perez Jeniffer , Hemingway‐Foday Jay , Law Matthew ,   the western Africa, eastern Africa, southern Africa, Caribbean and central and South America, and Asia Pacific regions of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA)
Published: January 2012

BackgroundThe objective was to examine the short‐term risk and predictors of anaemia following initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in HIV‐infected patients from the Western Africa, Eastern Africa, Southern Africa, Central Africa, Asian‐Pacific, and Caribbean and Central and South America regions of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) collaboration.MethodsAnaemia was defined as haemoglobin of < 10 g/dL. Patients were included if they started cART with three or more drugs, had prior haemoglobin of > = 10 g/dL, and had one or more follow‐up haemoglobin tests. Factors associated with anaemia up to 12 months were examined using Cox proportional hazards models and stratified by IeDEA region.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2008, 19,947 patients initiated cART with baseline and follow‐up haemoglobin tests (7358, 7289, 2853, 471, 1550 and 426 in the Western Africa, Eastern Africa, Southern Africa, Central Africa, Asian‐Pacific, and Caribbean and Central and South America regions, respectively). At initiation, anaemia was found in 45% of Western Africa patients, 29% of Eastern Africa patients, 21% of Southern Africa patients, 36% of Central Africa patients, 15% of patients in Asian‐Pacific and 14% of patients in Caribbean and Central and South America. Among patients with haemoglobin of > = 10 g/dL at baseline (13,445), the risks of anaemia were 18.2, 6.6, 9.7, 22.9, 11.8 and 19.5 per 100 person‐years in the Western Africa, Eastern Africa, Southern Africa, Central Africa, Asian, and Caribbean and Central and South America regions, respectively. Factors associated with anaemia were female sex, low baseline haemoglobin level, low baseline CD4 count, more advanced disease stage, and initial cART containing zidovudine.ConclusionsIn data from 34 cohorts of HIV‐infected patients from sub‐Saharan Africa, Central and South America, and Asia, the risk of anaemia within 12 months of initiating cART was moderate. Routine haemoglobin monitoring was recommended in patients at risk of developing anaemia following cART initiation.
Periodontal status of HIV-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy compared to HIV-therapy naive patients: a case control study
Authors: Fricke Ulrich , Geurtsen Werner , Staufenbiel Ingmar , Rahman Alexander 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Although severe oral opportunistic infections decreased with the implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy, periodontitis is still a commonly described problem in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The objective of the present investigation was to determine possible differences in periodontal parameters between antiretroviral treated and untreated patients.

Methods
The study population comprised 80 patients infected with HIV divided into two groups. The first group was receiving antiretroviral therapy while the second group was therapy naive. The following parameters were examined: probing pocket depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, papilla bleeding score, periodontal screening index and the index for decayed, missed and filled teeth. A questionnaire concerning oral hygiene, dental care and smoking habits was filled out by the patients.

Results
There were no significant differences regarding the periodontal parameters between the groups except in the clinical marker for inflammation, the papilla bleeding score, which was twice as high (P < 0.0001) in the antiretroviral untreated group (0.58 ± 0.40 versus 1.02 ± 0.59). The participants of this investigation generally showed a prevalence of periodontitis comparable to that in healthy subjects. The results of the questionnaire were comparable between the two groups.

Conclusion
There is no indication for advanced periodontal damage in HIV-infected versus non-infected patients in comparable age groups. Due to their immunodeficiency, HIV-infected patients should be monitored closely to prevent irreversible periodontal damage. Periodontal monitoring and early therapy is recommended independent of an indication for highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Validation of the Gail model for predicting individual breast cancer risk in a prospective nationwide study of 28,104 Singapore women
Authors: Chay Wen Yee , Ong Whee Sze , Tan Puay Hoon , Jie Leo Nicholas Qi , Ho Gay Hui , Wong Chia Siong , Chia Kee Seng , Chow Khuan Yew , Tan MinHan , Ang Peter 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Introduction
The Gail model (GM) is a risk-assessment model used in individual estimation of the absolute risk of invasive breast cancer, and has been applied to both clinical counselling and breast cancer prevention studies. Although the GM has been validated in several Western studies, its applicability outside North America and Europe remains uncertain. The Singapore Breast Cancer Screening Project (SBCSP) is a nation-wide prospective trial of screening mammography conducted between Oct 1994 and Feb 1997, and is the only such trial conducted outside North America and Europe to date. With the long-term outcomes from this study, we sought to evaluate the performance of GM in prediction of individual breast cancer risk in a Asian developed country.

Methods
The study population consisted of 28,104 women aged 50 to 64 years who participated in the SBSCP and did not have breast cancer detected during screening. The national cancer registry was used to identify incident cases of breast cancer. To evaluate the performance of the GM, we compared the expected number of invasive breast cancer cases predicted by the model to the actual number of cases observed within 5-year and 10-year follow-up. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to test the goodness of fit between the expected and observed cases of invasive breast cancers.

Results
The ratio of expected to observed number of invasive breast cancer cases within 5 years from screening was 2.51 (95% confidence interval 2.14 - 2.96). The GM over-estimated breast cancer risk across all age groups, with the discrepancy being highest among older women aged 60 - 64 years (E/O = 3.53, 95% CI = 2.57-4.85). The model also over-estimated risk for the upper 80% of women with highest predicted risk. The overall E/O ratio for the 10-year predicted breast cancer risk was 1.85 (1.68-2.04).

Conclusions
The GM over-predicts the risk of invasive breast cancer in the setting of a developed Asian country as demonstrated in a large prospective trial, with the largest difference seen in older women aged between 60 and 64 years old. The reason for the discrepancy is likely to be multifactorial, including a truly lower prevalence of breast cancer, as well as lower mammographic screening prevalence locally.
Phospho-ibuprofen (MDC-917) suppresses breast cancer growth: an effect controlled by the thioredoxin system
Authors: Sun Yu , Rowehl Leahana M , Huang Liqun , Mackenzie Gerardo G , Vrankova Kvetoslava , Komninou Despina , Rigas Basil 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Introduction
We have recently synthesized phospho-ibuprofen (P-I; MDC-917), a safer derivative of ibuprofen, which has shown anti-cancer activity. We investigated its efficacy and mechanism of action in the treatment of breast cancer in preclinical models.

Methods
We evaluated the anti-breast-cancer efficacy of P-I alone or incorporated into liposomes (Lipo-P-I) in human estrogen receptor-positive (MCF-7) and triple-negative, i.e., estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative and HER2-negative (MDA-MB231) breast cancer cell lines - as they represent the most frequent (estrogen receptor-positive) and the most difficult-to-treat (triple-negative) subtypes of breast cancer - and their xenografts in nude mice. We assessed the effect of P-I on the levels of reactive oxygen nitrogen species in response to P-I using molecular probes, on the thioredoxin system (expression and redox status of thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) and thioredoxin reductase activity), on cyclooxygenase 2, NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase cell signaling; and on the growth of xenografts with stably knocked-down Trx-1.

Results
Compared with controls, P-I 400 mg/kg/day inhibited the growth of MDA-MB231 xenografts by 266%, while the growth of MCF-7 xenografts was inhibited 51% byP-I 300 mg/kg/day and 181% by Lipo-P-I 300 mg/kg/day. In both cell lines, P-I induced oxidative stress and suppressed the thioredoxin system (oxidized Trx-1 and decreased its expression; inhibited thioredoxin reductase activity). These changes triggered downstream redox signaling: the activity of NF-κB was suppressed and the Trx-1-ASK1 complex was dissociated, activating the p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades. Trx-1 knockdown abrogated the anti-cancer effect of P-I in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion
P-I is safe and effective against breast cancer. Liposomal formulation enhances its efficacy; the effect is heavily dependent on the induction of oxidative stress and the suppression of the thioredoxin system. P-I merits further evaluation as an agent for the treatment of breast cancer.
Uberon, an integrative multi-species anatomy ontology
Authors: Mungall Christopher J , Torniai Carlo , Gkoutos Georgios V , Lewis Suzanna E , Haendel Melissa A 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe present Uberon, an integrated cross-species ontology consisting of over 6,500 classes representing a variety of anatomical entities, organized according to traditional anatomical classification criteria. The ontology represents structures in a species-neutral way and includes extensive associations to existing species-centric anatomical ontologies, allowing integration of model organism and human data. Uberon provides a necessary bridge between anatomical structures in different taxa for cross-species inference. It uses novel methods for representing taxonomic variation, and has proved to be essential for translational phenotype analyses. Uberon is available at http://uberon.org
ARID5B Genetic Polymorphisms Contribute to Racial Disparities in the Incidence and Treatment Outcome of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Xu Heng , Cheng Cheng , Devidas Meenakshi , Pei Deqing , Fan Yiping , Yang Wenjian , Neale Geoff , Scheet Paul , Burchard Esteban G. , Torgerson Dara G. , Eng Celeste , Dean Michael , Antillon Frederico , Winick Naomi J. , Martin Paul L. , Willman Cheryl L. , Camitta Bruce M. , Reaman Gregory H. , Carroll William L. , Loh Mignon , Evans William E. , Pui Ching-Hon , Hunger Stephen P. , Relling Mary V. , Yang Jun J. 
Published: January 2012

Purpose Recent genome-wide screens have identified genetic variations in ARID5B associated with susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We sought to determine the contribution of ARID5B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to racial disparities in ALL susceptibility and treatment outcome. Patients and Methods We compared the association between ARID5B SNP genotype and ALL susceptibility in whites (> 95% European genetic ancestry; 978 cases and 1,046 controls) versus in Hispanics (> 10% Native American ancestry; 330 cases and 541 controls). We determined the relationships between ARID5B SNP genotype and ALL relapse risk in 1,605 children treated on the Children's Oncology Group (COG) P9904/9905 clinical trials. Results Among 49 ARID5B SNPs interrogated, 10 were significantly associated with ALL susceptibility in both whites and Hispanics (P < .05), with risk alleles consistently more frequent in Hispanics than in whites. rs10821936 exhibited the most significant association in both races (P = 8.4 × 10−20 in whites; P = 1 × 10−6 in Hispanics), and genotype at this SNP was highly correlated with local Native American genetic ancestry (P = 1.8 × 10−8). Multivariate analyses in Hispanics identified an additional SNP associated with ALL susceptibility independent of rs10821936. Eight ARID5B SNPs were associated with both ALL susceptibility and relapse hazard; the alleles related to higher ALL incidence were always linked to poorer treatment outcome and were more frequent in Hispanics. Conclusion ARID5B polymorphisms are important determinants of childhood ALL susceptibility and treatment outcome, and they contribute to racial disparities in this disease.
ASYMMETRIC-LEAVES2 and an ortholog of eukaryotic NudC domain proteins repress expression of AUXIN-RESPONSE-FACTOR and class 1 KNOX homeobox genes for development of flat symmetric leaves in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ishibashi Nanako , Kanamaru Kyoko , Ueno Yoshihisa , Kojima Shoko , Kobayashi Tetsuo , Machida Chiyoko , Machida Yasunori 
Published: January 2012

Summary
Leaf primordia form around the shoot apical meristem, which consists of indeterminate stem cells. Upon initiation of leaf development, adaxial-abaxial patterning is crucial for appropriate lateral expansion, via cellular proliferation, and the formation of flat symmetric leaves. Many genes that specify such patterning have been identified, but regulation by upstream factors of the expression of relevant effector genes remains poorly understood. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) and AS1 play important roles in repressing transcription of class 1 KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOX) genes and leaf abaxial-determinant effector genes. We report here a mutation, designated enhancer of asymmetric leaves2 and asymmetric leaves1 (eal), that is associated with efficient generation of abaxialized filamentous leaves on the as2 or as1 background. Levels of transcripts of many abaxial-determinant genes, including ETTIN (ETT)/AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ARF3), and all four class 1 KNOX genes were markedly elevated in as2 eal shoot apices. Rudimentary patterning in as2 eal leaves was suppressed by the ett mutation. EAL encodes BOBBER1 (BOB1), an Arabidopsis ortholog of eukaryotic NudC domain proteins. BOB1 was expressed in plant tissues with division potential and bob1 mutations resulted in lowered levels of transcripts of some cell-cycle genes and decreased rates of cell division in shoot and root apices. Coordinated cellular proliferation, supported by BOB1, and repression of all class 1 KNOX genes, ETT/ARF3 by AS2 (AS1) and BOB1 might be critical for repression of the indeterminate state and of aberrant abaxialization in the presumptive adaxial domain of leaf primordia, which might ensure the formation of flat symmetric leaves.
Speciation of U(VI) sorbed onto ZrP2O7 in the presence of citric and oxalic acid
Authors: García-González N. , Ordoñez-Regil E. , Almazán-Torres M. G. , Solis Dora , Simoni E. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
In the field of nuclear waste management, prediction of radionuclide migration through the geosphere has to take into account the effects of organic matter. This work deals with the effects of organic acids (citric and oxalic acid) on speciation of uranium(VI) sorbed onto zirconium diphosphate (ZrP2O7). Surface properties of zirconium diphosphate and its uranium(VI) sorption capability in the presence and absence of organic acids were previously studied. The preliminary study suggested that organic acids take part in the sorption equilibria. In order to understand the interactions between organic ligands (citrate or oxalate), uranium(VI) and zirconium diphosphate, a luminescence spectroscopy study was carried out. Luminescence measurements indicated that only one uranium(VI) surface complex is formed when citric or oxalic acid is present. Moreover, the total carbon content in the studied samples indicated that organic ligands remain on the surface when uranium(VI) sorption is carried out. Uranium sorption edges were then fitted with the FITEQL4.0 code [15] and the constant capacitance model (CCM). Spectroscopy information was used to constraint the modeling. The best fit for the U(VI)/citrate/ZrP2O7 and U(VI)/oxalate/ZrP2O7 systems considered the formation of a ternary surface complex.
Compressibility of microporous materials with CHA topology: 2. ALPO-34
Authors: Leardini Lara , Quartieri S. , Martucci A. , Vezzalini G. , Dmitriev Vladimir 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The HP behavior of ALPO-34 as-synthesized was investigated by means of in-situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, in the frame of a wider project aimed at understanding the role of the framework/extraframework content in the P-induced deformation mechanisms of natural and synthetic microporous materials with CHA framework topology. ALPO-34 compressibility under non-penetrating P-transmitting medium was determined up to 6.0 GPa and upon decompression to P
amb. After an initial large structure deformation at P < 0.4 GPa, a regular volume reduction was observed up to about 3 GPa. Above 3.1 GPa, an abrupt change in the behavior of all cell parameters was observed, accompanied by an evident decrease in compressibility. The isothermal Equation of State (EoS), refined with a II-order Birch–Murnaghan EoS from 0.4 to 3.1 GPa, yielded the following parameters: V
0 = 755(1) Å3, K
0 = 54(3) GPa. No complete X-ray amorphization was achieved up to the highest investigated P value. A complete reversibility of the unit cell parameters was observed upon P release. The compressibility behavior of ALPO-34 was compared with that of the other CHA-type zeolites. The volume reduction observed for natural chabazite, and for SAPO-34 and ALPO-34 as-synthesized, was 6.2%, 9.4%, and 6.0%, respectively. Notwithstanding the presence of morpholine molecules, as a structure directing agent, in the two as-synthesized phases, they exhibited significantly different compressibility. This can be interpreted as due to the octahedral coordination of part of the ALPO-34 framework aluminum, leading to a more rigid framework compared to that of SAPO-34, which contains only tetrahedral aluminum.
The role of the Pb2+ lone electron pair for bond valence sum analysis in mullite-type PbMBO4 (M = Al, Mn and Fe) compounds
Authors: Murshed M. Mangir , Fischer Reinhard X. , Gesing Thorsten M. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The bond valence sums (BVS) of the constituent atoms of three series of mullite-type compounds PbMn
x
Al1–x
BO4, PbFe
x
Al1–x
BO4 and PbMn
x
Fe1–x
BO4 (x = 0 – 1) were analyzed with particular emphasis on lead. While the formal BVS of one bridging oxygen atom in the edge-sharing MO6 octahedron was found to be under-bonded, the other bridging atom is over-bonded. The lead atom showed always an over-bonded nature throughout the series and exhibited a different bonding strength than that of the expected valence. The stereoactivity of the 6s
2 lone electron pair (LEP) of the Pb2+ cation was monitored in terms of the absolute value of the eccentricity parameter (|Φ

i
|). Both calculated BVS and bond valence parameter (r
0i
) of Pb2+ cation showed a linear correlation with |Φ

i
|, thus corroborated the Wang–Liebau [Z. Kristallogr. 211 (1996) 437] hypothesis concerning the influence of lone-pair electrons on bond-valence parameters.
Intrapartum Temperature Elevation, Epidural Use, and Adverse Outcome in Term Infants
Authors: Greenwell Elizabeth A. , Wyshak Grace , Ringer Steven A. , Johnson Lise C. , Rivkin Michael J. , Lieberman Ellice 
Published: January 2012

OBJECTIVES:
To examine the association of intrapartum temperature elevation with adverse neonatal outcome among low-risk women receiving epidural analgesia and evaluate the association of epidural with adverse neonatal outcome without temperature elevation.

METHODS:
We studied all low-risk nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies ≥37 weeks delivering at our hospital during 2000, excluding pregnancies where infants had documented sepsis, meningitis, or a major congenital anomaly. Neonatal outcomes were compared between women receiving (n = 1538) and not receiving epidural analgesia (n = 363) in the absence of intrapartum temperature elevation (≤99.5°F) and according to the level of intrapartum temperature elevation within the group receiving epidural (n = 2784). Logistic regression was used to evaluate neonatal outcome while controlling for confounders.

RESULTS:
Maternal temperature &gt;100.4°F developed during labor in 19.2% (535/2784) of women receiving epidural compared with 2.4% (10/425) not receiving epidural. In the absence of intrapartum temperature elevation (≤99.5°F), no significant differences were observed in adverse neonatal outcomes between women receiving and not receiving epidural. Among women receiving epidural, a significant linear trend was observed between maximum maternal temperature and all neonatal outcomes examined including hypotonia, assisted ventilation, 1- and 5-min Apgar scores &lt;7, and early-onset seizures. In regression analyses, infants born to women with fever &gt;101°F had a two- to sixfold increased risk of all adverse outcomes examined.

CONCLUSIONS:
The proportion of infants experiencing adverse outcomes increased with the degree of epidural-related maternal temperature elevation. Epidural use without temperature elevation was not associated with any of the adverse outcomes we studied.
Fetal and Maternal Candidate Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Associations With Cerebral Palsy: A Case-Control Study
Authors: O’Callaghan Michael E. , MacLennan Alastair H. , Gibson Catherine S. , McMichael Gai L. , Haan Eric A. , Broadbent Jessica L. , Goldwater Paul N. , Painter Jodie N. , Montgomery Grant W. , Dekker Gus A. ,   for the Australian Collaborative Cerebral Palsy Research Group
Published: January 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Previous studies have suggested associations between certain genetic variants and susceptibility to cerebral palsy (CP). This study was designed to assess established and novel maternal and child genetic and epidemiologic risk factors for CP along with their interactions.

METHODS:
DNA from 587 case and 1154 control mother-child pairs was analyzed. A panel of 35 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were examined and included SNPs in genes associated with (1) thrombophilia, (2) inflammation, and (3) risk factors for CP (eg, preterm birth). Comparisons were specified a priori and made by using a χ2 test.

RESULTS:
There were 40 fetal and 28 maternal associations with CP when analyzed by CP subtype, gestational age, genotypes of apolipoprotein E, and haplotypes of mannose-binding-lectin. After Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, no fetal or maternal candidate SNP was associated with CP or its subtypes. Only fetal carriage of prothrombin gene mutation remained marginally associated with hemiplegia in term infants born to mothers with a reported infection during pregnancy. Odds ratio directions of fetal SNP associations were compared with previously reported studies and confirmed no trend toward association.

CONCLUSIONS:
Except for the prothrombin gene mutation, individual maternal and fetal SNPs in our candidate panel were not found to be associated with CP outcome. Past reported SNP associations with CP were not confirmed, possibly reflecting type I error from small numbers and multiple testing in the original reports.