bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The structure of the catalytic domain of Tannerella forsythia karilysin reveals it is a bacterial xenologue of animal matrix metalloproteinases
Authors: Cerdà‐Costa Núria , Guevara Tibisay , Karim Abdulkarim Y. , Ksiazek Miroslaw , Nguyen Ky‐Anh , Arolas Joan L. , Potempa Jan , Gomis‐Rüth F. Xavier 
Published: October 2010

SummaryMetallopeptidases (MPs) are among virulence factors secreted by pathogenic bacteria at the site of infection. One such pathogen is Tannerella forsythia, a member of the microbial consortium that causes peridontitis, arguably the most prevalent infective chronic inflammatory disease known to mankind. The only reported MP secreted by T. forsythia is karilysin, a 52 kDa multidomain protein comprising a central 18 kDa catalytic domain (CD), termed Kly18, flanked by domains unrelated to any known protein. We analysed the 3D structure of Kly18 in the absence and presence of Mg2+ or Ca2+, which are required for function and stability, and found that it evidences most of the structural features characteristic of the CDs of mammalian matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Unexpectedly, a peptide was bound to the active‐site cleft of Kly18 mimicking a left‐behind cleavage product, which revealed that the specificity pocket accommodates bulky hydrophobic side‐chains of substrates as in mammalian MMPs. In addition, Kly18 displayed a unique Mg2+ or Ca2+ binding site and two flexible segments that could play a role in substrate binding. Phylogenetic and sequence similarity studies revealed that Kly18 is evolutionarily much closer to winged‐insect and mammalian MMPs than to potential bacterial counterparts found by genomic sequencing projects. Therefore, we conclude that this first structurally characterized non‐mammalian MMP is a xenologue co‐opted through horizontal gene transfer during the intimate coexistence between T. forsythia and humans or other animals, in a very rare case of gene shuffling from eukaryotes to prokaryotes. Subsequently, this protein would have evolved in a bacterial environment to give rise to full‐length karilysin that is furnished with unique flanking domains that do not conform to the general multidomain architecture of animal MMPs.
Altered neural function in pediatric bipolar disorder during reversal learning
Authors: Dickstein Daniel P , Finger Elizabeth C , Skup Martha , Pine Daniel S , Blair James R , Leibenluft Ellen 
Published: October 2010

Dickstein DP, Finger EC, Skup M, Pine DS, Blair JR, Leibenluft E. Altered neural function in pediatric bipolar disorder during reversal learning. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 707–719. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Data documenting the functional impairment associated with the diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) in children and adolescents highlight the need for greater understanding of its pathophysiology. Toward that end, we demonstrated previously that BD youth have behavioral deficits on reversal learning tasks. On such tasks, participants must first acquire a stimulus/response relationship through trial‐and‐error learning, and then discern when the stimulus/reward relationship reverses. Here, we use event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to elucidate neural correlates of reversal learning deficits in euthymic BD youth compared to typically developing controls.Method:  We compared euthymic pediatric BD participants (n = 16) versus age‐, sex‐, and IQ‐matched controls (n = 16). Our main outcome measure was blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) signal measured with fMRI during an event‐related probabilistic reversal task.Results:  Pediatric BD participants had significantly greater neural activity than controls in fronto‐parietal regions during the reversal phase, particularly in response to punished reversal errors (p < 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons).Conclusions:  Our current study suggests that during reversal learning, BD youths inefficiently recruit regions associated with processing response conflict and implementing alternative responses, including subdivisions of the frontal cortex and the parietal cortex. Such deficits are present in euthymic BD youth. Further work is necessary to evaluate the specificity of such alterations.
Development of the QoL.BD: a disorder‐specific scale to assess quality of life in bipolar disorder
Authors: Michalak Erin E , Murray Greg ,   CREST.BD
Published: October 2010

Michalak EE, Murray G, CREST.BD. Development of the QoL.BD: a disorder‐specific scale to assess quality of life in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 727–740. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Background:  There is wide recognition that symptom ratings alone are inadequate to measure outcomes in bipolar disorder (BD), and quality of life (QoL) has been proposed as an important separable construct. Although a literature on QoL in BD exists, there is no disorder‐specific measure of QoL in BD. In 2004, we embarked upon a four‐year mixed‐method program of research to develop such a measure that could function as an outcome tool in clinical trials of pharmacological or psychosocial treatment interventions, longitudinal monitoring, or routine clinical care.Methods:  The project was informed by standard protocols for the development of disorder‐specific QoL measures. Two phases of scale development were pursued across four empirical studies. Item generation involved a qualitative investigation of individuals with BD, family members, and field experts (Study 1), as well as a literature review. Item reduction analyses were conducted using an intensive small‐N design with affected individuals (Study 2), a large field sample (Study 3), and a final small‐N item reduction study, again involving individuals with the disorder and field experts (Study 4).Results:  Initial field testing of the Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder (QoL.BD) scale supports use of the instrument as a feasible, reliable and valid disorder‐specific QoL measure for BD. Internal reliability of the QoL.BD is impressive, test‐retest reliability is appropriate, and the direction and magnitude of correlations with external measures are as expected. As a new instrument, the QoL.BD must be compared against existing options for measuring QoL in this population. Significantly, data suggest that the greater specificity of the QoL.BD relative to the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire renders the new instrument more sensitive to clinical change in BD.Conclusions:  Quality of life scales can provide important information additional to that provided by traditional assessments of outcome in BD. Our intensive, mixed‐method development of the QoL.BD has produced a useful additional measure of well‐being for this complex and often disabling condition.
Neurosurgical treatment of bipolar depression: defining treatment resistance and identifying surgical targets
Authors: Lipsman Nir , McIntyre Roger S , Giacobbe Peter , Torres Cristina , Kennedy Sidney H , Lozano Andres M 
Published: October 2010

Lipsman N, McIntyre RS, Giacobbe P, Torres C, Kennedy SH, Lozano AM. Neurosurgical treatment of bipolar depression: defining treatment resistance and identifying surgical targets. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 691–701. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex psychiatric disorder that is often underrecognized, misdiagnosed, and challenging to detect. During the past decade, substantial progress has been made in the development of pharmacotherapeutic and psychosocial interventions for various phases of BD. Notwithstanding these developments, the majority of BD individuals, and particularly patients with bipolar depression, receiving guideline concordant care do not experience syndromal or functional recovery, underscoring the need for novel treatments. Early success with deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of major depressive episodes as part of major depressive disorder (MDD) has provided the impetus to explore its application in other treatment‐resistant psychiatric disorders, notably BD. Herein, we provide the rationale for employing DBS as an alternative treatment avenue in individuals with bipolar depression.Methods:  We conducted a PubMed literature search, focusing on English language articles beginning in 1950 to the present day, and employed the following search terms: bipolar disorder, neurosurgery, deep brain stimulation, neuroimaging, and circuitry. Search results were then manually reviewed and relevant articles selected for analysis. Relevance was determined by author consensus and overall manuscript quality. We also reviewed articles on currently available treatment options for BD in order to develop a coherent and practical definition of treatment resistance with a focus on surgical intervention.Results:  Several lines of evidence indicate that although mania is the defining feature of bipolar I disorder, depressive symptoms and episodes dominate the longitudinal course, account for most of the illness burden including premature mortality, and are least responsive to contemporary treatments. Disease models in bipolar depression implicate abnormalities in the structure and function of discrete neural circuits that subserve affective processing and cognitive function with the subgenual cingulate cortex occupying a central role. Modulation of the cingulate cortex with DBS in treatment‐resistant MDD populations has proven to offer acute and sustained antidepressant effects, suggesting possible benefits for other mood disorder populations.Conclusions:  A surgical intervention for bipolar depression would not only be a proof of concept regarding disease modeling but also an important and novel treatment avenue for individuals affected by bipolar depression.
Sustained unemployment in psychiatric outpatients with bipolar disorder: frequency and association with demographic variables and comorbid disorders
Authors: Zimmerman Mark , Galione Janine N , Chelminski Iwona , Young Diane , Dalrymple Kristy , Ruggero Camilo J 
Published: October 2010

Zimmerman M, Galione JN, Chelminski I, Young D, Dalrymple K, Ruggero CJ. Sustained unemployment in psychiatric outpatients with bipolar disorder: frequency and association with demographic variables and comorbid disorders. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 720–726. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  The negative impact of bipolar disorder on occupational functioning is well established. However, few studies have examined the persistence of unemployment, and no studies have examined the association between diagnostic comorbidity and sustained unemployment. In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project, we described the amount of time unemployed in the five years before the evaluation in a large cohort of outpatients diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and determined the demographic and clinical correlates of sustained unemployment.Methods:  A total of 206 patients diagnosed with DSM‐IV bipolar I or bipolar II disorder were interviewed with semi‐structured interviews assessing comorbid Axis I and Axis II disorders, demographic and clinical variables. The interview included an assessment of the amount of time missed from work due to psychiatric reasons during the past five years. Persistent unemployment was defined as missing up to two years or more from work.Results:  Less than 20% of the patients reported not missing any time from work due to psychiatric reasons, and more than one‐third missed up to two years or more from work. Prolonged unemployment was associated with increased rates of current panic disorder and a lifetime history of alcohol abuse or dependence. Patients with prolonged unemployment were older and experienced more episodes of depression.Conclusions:  Most patients presenting for the treatment of bipolar disorder have missed some time from work due to psychiatric reasons, and the persistence of employment problems is considerable. Comorbid psychiatric disorders are a potentially treatable risk factor for sustained unemployment. It is therefore of public health significance to determine if current treatments are effective in bipolar disorder patients with current panic disorder, and if not, to attempt to develop treatments that are effective.
Mood swing and mood stabilizer: how specific are these terms?
Authors: Safer Daniel J 
Published: October 2010

Safer DJ. Mood swing and mood stabilizer: how specific are these terms? Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 685–690. © 2010 The Author. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Background: In the DSM‐IIIR in 1987, the category title for depressive and bipolar disorders was changed fromaffective disorderstomood disorders. Within a short period of time thereafter,mood swingandmood stabilizerbecame very commonly used terms in psychiatry with bipolar implications.Methods: Terms and definitions in recent texts, articles, and dictionaries pertaining to mood fluctuations have been reviewed.Results: The termmoodwas seldom part of psychiatric terminology until the late 1970s.Mood swingandmood stabilizeras used in the psychiatric literature are primarily nonspecific and often misleading concepts—particularly as a basis for treatment decisions. Affective fluctuations and shifts to irritability and/or anger in persons with personality and depressive disorders are being viewed by many in the mental health field as cyclically biphasic—between depressed to elated—which is clearly at variance with research findings.Conclusions: More data‐based research on mood variations is needed to authoritatively remedy this situation.
Transfusion practice in hip arthroplasty – a nationwide study
Authors: Jans Ø. , Kehlet H. , Hussain Z. , Johansson P. I. 
Published: October 2010

Background and Objectives  The optimal transfusion strategy in hip arthroplasty remains controversial despite existing guidelines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transfusion practice in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) or revision total hip arthroplasty (RTHA) in Denmark.Materials and Methods  We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients undergoing THA or RTHA in Denmark in 2008. Primary outcomes were intercentre variation in red blood cell (RBC) transfusion rates and the timing of transfusion related to surgery.Results  Six thousand nine hundred thirty‐two THA patients and 1132 RTHA patients were included for analysis of which 1674 (24%) THA and 689 (61%) RTHA patients received RBC transfusion. Of these, 47% of THA and 73% of RTHA patients received transfusion on the day of surgery. Transfusion rates between centres varied from 7 to 71% and between 26 and 85% in THA and RTHA patients, respectively. Patients receiving RBC transfusion had longer length of stay and for THA patients an increased odds‐ratio (5·5) of death within 90 days.Conclusion  Despite established guidelines, RBC transfusion practice in hip arthroplasty remains highly variable between Danish hospitals. The effect of RBC transfusion on outcome after hip arthroplasty should be established in prospective randomized controlled trials.
Non‐D Rh antibodies appearing after apheresis platelet transfusion: stimulation by red cells or microparticles?
Authors: Kitazawa J. , Nollet K. , Morioka H. , Tanaka K. , Inomata M. , Kubuki Y. , Ohto H. 
Published: October 2010

Background  Apheresis platelets (APs) have gained favour over whole blood‐derived platelets on the presumption that they are less likely to provoke alloimmunization to red‐blood‐cell antigens.Case Reports  Non‐D Rh antibodies appeared in three patients after apheresis platelet transfusion. Anti‐C and anti‐E arose in two female patients with previous antigen exposure. Both anti‐c and anti‐E arose in a male recipient with no prior transfusion history.Materials and Methods  Fifty APs were analysed for residual RBCs and RBC‐derived microparticles, using samples obtained from a local blood centre. Cells and microparticles were quantified with a flow cytometry gating scheme, using PE‐labelled anti‐CD235a (glycophorin A) and FITC‐labelled anti‐CD41a (platelet gp IIb/IIIa) to distinguish lineage.Results  Apheresis platelets were found to contain a mean of 7·5 × 106 (95% C.I. [6·3–8·5 × 106]) RBCs on one manufacturer’s device and 5·2 × 106 (95% C.I. [4·0–6·3 × 106]) RBCs on another’s. RBC‐derived microparticles averaged 210·7 × 106 (95% C.I. [166·2–254·2 × 106]) on one manufacturer’s device and 232·3 × 106 (95% C.I. [194·3–272·9 × 106]) on another’s. These counts all correspond to volumes of < 1 μl.Conclusion  Despite RBC contamination of APs below commonly accepted thresholds for Rh immunogenicity, AP transfusion can provoke non‐D Rh antibody formation. RBC‐derived microparticles, smaller but more numerous than RBCs, are volumetrically comparable and may be a hitherto underappreciated antibody stimulus. Further microparticle research will guide considerations of extended phenotypic matching of platelet components.
Gene expression profiling in wounded and systemic leaves of Fagus sylvatica reveals up‐regulation of ethylene and jasmonic acid signalling
Authors: Schlink K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWounding is a crucial threat to plants because of the physical damage caused and the possible entry of pathogens. Little is known about the wound reaction in forest trees. Therefore, leaves of young beech trees were wounded and the transcriptional response of wounded leaves and leaves directly above and below was analysed. A total of 123 genes exhibited significant regulation. The magnitude of regulation was slightly weaker in the downward leaves but the regulation pattern resembles that of the local and upward reactions. Thus, the signal was transduced in both vertical directions. Genes exhibiting major regulation lacked functional assignment or belonged to signalling, transcription and defence categories. Signalling included activation of transcripts in the calcium and ethylene pathways. There was also evidence for activation of jasmonic acid signalling, but no activation of jasmonic acid‐responsive PR (pathogenesis‐related) genes was observed. Moreover, repression of salicylic acid responsive defence was measured. Metabolic changes included induction of a core gene of the phenylpropanoid pathway, while energy metabolism exhibited down‐regulation. These results support the conclusion that young beech trees might give up leaves and/or reduce leaf energy content after an attack so as to deprive a putative herbivore of a nutrient supply, instead of investing much energy in leaf defence.
Quantitative trait loci for milk production and functional traits in two Danish Cattle breeds
Authors: Mai M.D. , Rychtářová J. , Zink V. , Lassen J. , Guldbrandtsen B. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryQuantitative trait loci (QTL) in Danish Jersey and Danish Red cattle were independently mapped by least squares regression analysis. For Jersey breed, five grandsire families were genotyped for 186 markers on 16 chromosomes (BTAs). Eight traits analysed were milk yield (MY), fat percentage (FP), protein percentage (PP), clinical mastitis (CM), somatic cell score (SCS), maternal stillbirth, maternal calf size (MCS) and maternal calving difficulty. For Red breed, nine grandsire families were genotyped for 166 markers on 18 BTAs. Six traits analysed were MY, FP, PP, CM, SCS and female fertility. Nine and five QTL were detected in Jersey and Red breed, respectively, in across family tests. In Jersey breed, the results indicate QTL for CM and MCS on BTA 3. Additionally, there is an indication of QTL for MCS and FP on BTA 1 and a tentative evidence for a QTL for MY on BTA 26. There is a high risk of detected QTL being false positives. The detected QTL in Jersey breed indicate interesting results from a breeding perspective, but a practical application should await genome‐wide association studies.
Random regression analyses using B‐splines functions to model growth from birth to adult age in Canchim cattle*
Authors: Baldi F. , Alencar M.M. , Albuquerque L.G. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe objective of this work was to estimate covariance functions using random regression models on B‐splines functions of animal age, for weights from birth to adult age in Canchim cattle. Data comprised 49 011 records on 2435 females. The model of analysis included fixed effects of contemporary groups, age of dam as quadratic covariable and the population mean trend taken into account by a cubic regression on orthogonal polynomials of animal age. Residual variances were modelled through a step function with four classes. The direct and maternal additive genetic effects, and animal and maternal permanent environmental effects were included as random effects in the model. A total of seventeen analyses, considering linear, quadratic and cubic B‐splines functions and up to seven knots, were carried out. B‐spline functions of the same order were considered for all random effects. Random regression models on B‐splines functions were compared to a random regression model on Legendre polynomials and with a multitrait model. Results from different models of analyses were compared using the REML form of the Akaike Information criterion and Schwarz′ Bayesian Information criterion. In addition, the variance components and genetic parameters estimated for each random regression model were also used as criteria to choose the most adequate model to describe the covariance structure of the data. A model fitting quadratic B‐splines, with four knots or three segments for direct additive genetic effect and animal permanent environmental effect and two knots for maternal additive genetic effect and maternal permanent environmental effect, was the most adequate to describe the covariance structure of the data. Random regression models using B‐spline functions as base functions fitted the data better than Legendre polynomials, especially at mature ages, but higher number of parameters need to be estimated with B‐splines functions.
Genetic variations and sequences analysis of MTATP6 and MTATP8 genes among different Chinese pig breeds
Authors: Liu G. , Liu Y. , Zhang H. , Huang J. , Fang M. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryTo investigate the genetic variations of mtATP6 and mtATP8 genes among different Chinese pig breeds, two fragments of 425 and 743 bp containing the whole coding region of mtATP8 and mtATP6 genes were amplified with 805 individuals from 23 Chinese local pig breeds, three types of Chinese wild boars and three European pig breeds. Sequence comparison identified a total number of 17 substitutions including six variable sites in mtATP8 and eleven substitutions in mtATP6 gene. The restriction enzyme Fok I revealed four polymorphic sites (nt8086, 8176, 8514 and 7784), and four RFLP haplotype patterns (A, B, C and D) were identified in mtATP6 and mtATP8 genes among all tested samples. Our data showed AC combined haplotype originated from Asia and BD was regarded as European origin. The average frequency of Asian mtDNA haplotypes was 38.3% across the investigated European breeds but varied within each breeds (13.3∼76.7%). Phylogenetic analyses were performed also considering some published sequences in the databases; the sequences were divided into three distinct groups, denoted A, E1, and E2. The Asian AC haplotype existed among the European domestic pigs was fully consistent with the results of previous molecular studies and well‐documented history. This study will help us to better understand the genetic variations of mitochondrial genes among different Chinese pig breeds.