bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of honeys by melissopalynology and statistical analysis
Authors: Herrero Baudilio , María Valencia-Barrera Rosa , San Martín Roberto , Pando Valentín 
Published: April 2011

We analyzed pollen from 89 honey samples, collected in León and Palencia provinces (NW Spain). According to their pollen spectra, 46 were considered monofloral. The most abundant monofloral honeys were Erica types followed by Castanea, Centaurea, Reseda and Helianthus. One hundred and forty-two different pollen types were recorded, belonging to 47 families. Fifty-five of them reached percentages over 3% in at least one sample, while the other 87 types never exceeded 3% in any of the 89 samples. The families that were present in the highest number of samples were Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Cistaceae and Asteraceae. Plant families that had the highest percentages were Fabaceae, Ericaceae, Asteraceae, and Rosaceae. The pollen types that appeared in most samples were Rubus ulmifolius (73 samples), Cytisus scoparius (70) and Mentha aquatica (62); the pollen types that had the highest relative abundance were Erica arborea, Lotus corniculatus, Cytisus scoparius. The pollen types of the Ericaceae family, Jasione montana, and Lavandula latifolia types could be used as indicators of the origin of honeys among five zones in the area studied. The use of cluster and correlation statistical analyses proved useful in characterizing honey samples from a geographical and botanical point of view. The honey samples were divided into four classes according to the data matrix of presence/absence, and into seven classes according to absolute frequencies of pollen types in the samples. Key words: Honey, palynology, melissopalynology, botanical origin, characterization
Effects of three fertility amendments on soil dehydrogenase activity, organic C and pH
Authors: Cooper J. M. , Warman P. R. 
Published: April 2011

An Acadia silty clay and a Pugwash sandy loam were each fertilized with three rates of either composted chicken manure, fresh chicken manure, or synthetic fertilizer. The effects of these amendments on soil microbial activity (dehydrogenase enzyme activity, DHA), organic C and pH were monitored. The sandy loam soil, which was relatively high in organic C, did not experience increases in DHA due to organic amendments while compost produced higher DHA than manure or fertilizer treatments to the silty clay soil. There was no treatment effect on soil organic C in the sandy loam, while organic treatments increased organic C in the silty clay soil. Soil pH was affected by treatments to both soils with compost amendments producing the greatest increases in this parameter. The results emphasize the importance of considering initial soil organic C and soil texture when planning studies of the effect of organic amendments on soil microbial activity. Key words: Dehydrogenase, compost, chicken manure, pH, soil organic carbon
Denitrification and nitrate leaching during the fall and winter following dairy cattle slurry application
Authors: Paul J. W. , Zebarth B. J. 
Published: April 2011

Conditions in soils of south-coastal British Columbia during the fall and winter favor both NO3− leaching and denitrification. Estimates of NO3− leaching were made on a coarse-textured soil having a high water table (Sumas) and a well-drained, medium-textured soil (Agassiz) in each of 1991 and 1992, following application of 0, 300 and 600 kg total N ha−1 as dairy cattle slurry at the end of September. Leaching was calculated by measuring NH4+ and NO3− concentrations biweekly to 90 cm depth and subtracting denitrification losses. Denitrification estimates were made using the acetylene blockage technique on intact cores taken to 43 cm depth at biweekly intervals from the 0 and 600 kg N ha−1 treatments. Most of the NO3− disappeared from the 90 cm soil profile by January in both years. At the high rate of manure application, denitrification losses were 29 and 20 kg N ha−1 at Agassiz in 1991 and 1992, and 48 and 17 kg N ha−1 at Sumas in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Denitrification losses in the non-manured treatments ranged from 3 to 16 kg N ha−1 Significant denitrification losses occurred at the 15- to 28-cm and the 30-cm to 43-cm depths, indicating that denitrification measurements at these depths are important. Leaching losses ranged from 60 to 188 kg N ha−1 from the control treatments, and from 102 to 241 kg N ha−1 following the highrate of manure application. Denitrification accounted for up to 17% of the NO3− loss from the soil profile, indicating that the majority of the NO3− was leached. Key words: Acetylene blockage technique, denitrification rate, air-filled porosity, manure
Three methods to estimate N2O fluxes as impacted by agricultural management
Authors: Burton D. L. , Bergstrom D. W. , Covert J. A. , Wagner-Riddle C. , Beauchamp E. G. 
Published: April 2011

This study examines three methods of evaluating N2O flux and accumulation in soil profile over a growing season under three soil management regimes (fallow, fallow with manure addition and cropped to alfalfa). Estimates of N2O flux were made based on measured soil atmosphere concentration gradients in the top 15 cm and compared to flux estimates based on ex situ cores and micro-meteorological measurements made in parallel studies. All methods indicated strong seasonal trends relating to precipitation events. The amounts of N2O accumulating the profile decreased in the order alfalfa < fallow < fallow/manure. The amounts of N2O accumulating in the profile ranged from ambient (0.35 µL L−1) to 490 µL L−1. Diffusion of N2O to the lower profile was shown to provide temporary storage of N2O and thereby provide the opportunity for further reduction to N2 prior to efflux from the surface. In comparing the estimates of surface flux, all three methods were of the same order of magnitude for the fallow site but profile-based estimates were much lower and much higher for fallow/manure and alfalfa sites, respectively. Differences were attributed to the location and timing of carbon addition in each system. Key words: Nitrous oxide, N2O, flux, measurement, soil, management
Clinical significance of annexin A2 downregulation in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rodrigo Juan P. , Lequerica–Fernández Paloma , Rosado Pablo , Allonca Eva , García–Pedrero Juana M. , de Vicente Juan C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the expression of Annexin A2 (ANXA2) in normal oral epithelium and in oral carcinomas to correlate these findings with prognostically relevant variables.MethodsANXA2 expression in normal oral mucosa and in 106 oral squamous cell carcinomas was examined by immunohistochemistry.ResultsANXA2 expression was detected in basal and suprabasal cell layers of normal epithelium, and immunostaining was preferentially membrane‐localized. ANXA2 expression was significantly correlated with the histopathological grade, tumor size, and recurrence, but ANXA2 expression was not an independent prognostic factor.ConclusionThe reduction of ANXA2 expression in poorly differentiated tumors is expected to result in a loss of function aimed at the coordination of membrane signaling enzyme complexes. The consequences may manifest as an alteration of epithelial tissue growth and remodeling which eventually exert an influence on tumor progression and metastasis © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Surface‐Active Properties and Antimicrobial Study of Conventional Cationic and Synthesized Symmetrical Gemini Surfactants
Authors: Kuperkar Ketan , Modi Jigisha , Patel Keshav 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSymmetrical gemini surfactants of cationic series α,ω‐alkanediyl bis (dimethyl ammonium bromide) commonly referred as “m–s–m” have been synthesized. Spectral analysis was performed to confirm compound structures and purity. Conductivity and surface tension measurements provide better understanding of the micellization process. Their self‐assembly behavior in aqueous solution is also discussed in detail. The antimicrobial efficacy was measured by bacterial and fungal growth inhibition expressed as minimal inhibitory concentration values against five strains of a representative group of microorganisms viz. Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella paratyphi B and Aspergillus niger. All of the synthesized surfactants showed antimicrobial activity against them, but at different levels depending on their structures. The surfactants possessing longer alkyl chains (more hydrophobic environment) demonstrated better antimicrobial functionality. The antimicrobial potency was found to be dependent on the representative target microorganism (Gram‐positive bacteria > fungi > Gram‐negative bacteria), as well as on the ionic nature of the surfactant (cationic), alkyl chain length (m = 12, 16) and spacer length (s = 2, 4, 6) of the synthesized compounds. Gemini surfactants such as 12‐2‐12 and 12‐4‐12 were found to be weakly active whereas 16‐2‐16 and 16‐4‐16 compounds proved to be the most potent antimicrobial surface‐active agents among the synthesized gemini homologues.
Left ventricular apical diseases
Authors: Cisneros Silvia , Duarte Ricardo , Fernandez-Perez Gabriel C. , Castellon Daniel , Calatayud Julia , Lecumberri Iñigo , Larrazabal Eneritz , Ruiz Berta Irene 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
There are many disorders that may involve the left ventricular (LV) apex; however, they are sometimes difficult to differentiate. In this setting cardiac imaging methods can provide the clue to obtaining the diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the spectrum of diseases that most frequently affect the apex of the LV including Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy, LV aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms, apical diverticula, apical ventricular remodelling, apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, LV non-compaction, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia with LV involvement and LV false tendons, with an emphasis on the diagnostic criteria and imaging features.
The prevalence of circumportal pancreas as shown by multidetector-row computed tomography
Authors: Ishigami Kousei , Tajima Tsuyoshi , Nishie Akihiro , Asayama Yoshiki , Kakihara Daisuke , Nakayama Tomohiro , Shirabe Ken , Taketomi Akinobu , Nakamura Masafumi , Takahata Shunichi , Ito Tetsuhide , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the prevalence of circumportal pancreas (CP) and any coexisting anomaly. In addition, three cases of surgically confirmed CP are presented.

Methods
The study group consisted of 317 consecutive potential liver transplant donor candidates who had undergone thin-section MDCT studies for the evaluation of vascular anatomy. MDCT images were retrospectively reviewed to assess the presence or absence of CP. If CP was present, the transverse diameter of the aberrant pancreatic tissue was measured on axial images, and the course of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) was classified into ante-portal (normal) or retro-portal. In addition, the prevalence of variant hepatic arterial anatomy was compared between cases with and without CP.

Results
Eight of 317 liver transplant donor candidates (2.5%) were found to have CP at CT. The transverse diameter of the aberrant pancreatic tissue ranged from 5 to 18 mm (mean ± SD: 10 ± 4 mm). One of eight (12.5%) showed the MPD to be retro-portal. A variant hepatic artery was noted in two of the of eight (25%) patients, which was similar to the finding for those without CP [72 out of 309 (23%)].

Conclusion
The prevalence of circumportal pancreas was 2.5%.
Effects of environmental variability on the spawning areas, catch, and recruitment of the Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae), from the 1970s to the 2000s
Authors: Rosa A. L. , Yamamoto J. , Sakurai Y. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Rosa, A. L., Yamamoto, J., and Sakurai, Y. 2011. Effects of environmental variability on the spawning areas, catch, and recruitment of the Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae), from the 1970s to the 2000s. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1114–1121. The Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus, is one of the most commercially valuable squids in the world. It spawns almost throughout the year, with a seasonal peak in autumn and winter. Long-term changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and its effect on the spawning areas and catch of T. pacificus were analysed for 27 spawning seasons (September–April 1978–2006) in the Sea of Japan and East China Sea. The spawning area was inferred between the limits of 21–41°N and 121°–142°E, 100–500-m depth, the mean Kuroshio axis, and the 19.5–23°C SST range. The results revealed that the area surrounding Kyushu Island is gaining importance as a spawning area. In addition, the discontinuity of the spawning ground in the East China Sea (around 29°N 128°E) during the winter spawning period was demonstrated to be associated with a decrease in the catches by both the Japanese and the Korean fleets. This constriction of the spawning ground would act as an obstacle to either the adult squid, making it difficult for them to reach the most southern grounds, or the paralarvae and juveniles, which, because of adverse environmental conditions, might not be able to survive the early stages of the feeding migration.
The status of routine fishery data collection in Southeast Asia, central America, the South Pacific, and West Africa, with special reference to small-scale fisheries
Authors: de Graaf Gertjan J. , Grainger Richard J. R. , Westlund Lena , Willmann Rolf , Mills David , Kelleher Kieran , Koranteng Kwame 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
de Graaf, G. J., Grainger, R. J. R., Westlund, L., Willmann, R., Mills, D., Kelleher, K., and Koranteng, K. 2011. The status of routine fishery data collection in Southeast Asia, central America, the South Pacific, and West Africa, with special reference to small-scale fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1743–1750. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) strategy for improving information on the status and trends of capture fisheries (FAO Strategy STF) was endorsed by Member States and the UN General Assembly in 2003. Its overall objective is to provide a framework, strategy, and plan to improve knowledge and understanding of the status and trends of fisheries as a basis for policy-making and management, towards conservation and sustainable use of resources within ecosystems. The FAO supports the implementation of FAO Strategy STF in developing countries through a project known as FAO FishCode–STF, and an initiative funded by the World Bank entitled the “BigNumbers project”. The BigNumbers project underscored the importance of small-scale fisheries and revealed that catches by and employment in this sector tend to be underreported. An inventory of data collection systems made under the FAO FishCode–STF project showed that small-scale fisheries are not well covered. Their dispersed nature, the weak institutional capacity in many developing countries, and the traditional methods used make routine data collection cumbersome. Innovative sampling strategies are required. The main priority is a sample frame for small-scale fisheries. Sustainable strategies are most likely to be found outside the sector through population and agricultural household censuses and inside the sector through the direct involvement of fishers.
Simulated herbivory reduces seed production in Vincetoxicum rossicum
Authors: Doubleday Laura A.D. , Cappuccino Naomi 
Published: April 2011

Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar. (Apocynaceae) is an exotic invasive perennial vine that is spreading rapidly throughout northeastern North America. Its spread threatens native plant communities and the animals that depend on them. While V. rossicum is known to have specialist insect herbivores in its native range, it has escaped herbivory in its introduced range. A biological control program is currently being developed to identify an insect agent that could be released in North America to control V. rossicum . In this study, we simulated leaf and root herbivory on individual plants in naturally occurring populations of V. rossicum to estimate the impact of different feeding guilds and damage levels on seed production in sunny and shady sites. Damage intensity (0%, 30%, 60%, or 90% tissue removal) had a greater impact on seed output than damage type (root vs. leaf), although root damage was slightly more effective than leaf damage. We discuss the implications for biological control programs targeting this invasive exotic plant.
Effects of B chromosomes on the activity of nucleolar organizer regions in the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans: activation of a latent nucleolar organizer region on a B chromosome fused to an autosome
Authors: Cabrero J. , Alché J. D. , Camacho J. P. M. 
Published: April 2011

Four nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are active in standard males of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans. They are located near the centromeric regions of the S9, S10, S11, and X chromosomes. Changes in the pattern of NOR activity have been observed in the presence of a B2 type supernumerary chromosome. Males with one B show a higher mean number of active NORs per cell than do zero B males owing to significant increases in the activity of the NORs on the S11 and the X. Zero B and one B embryos, however, showed similar patterns of activity. In a male carrying a centric fusion between a B and one of the L1 chromosomes, the activation of a latent NOR, present at the telomere of the long arm of the B, parallelled a significant decrease of NOR activity on the S9 and S10 bivalents stemming from a competition between different NORs in the presence of the B. Thus, while in zero B males the activity of the S10 NOR influences that of the NORs on the X and S9 in a negative way, in one B males it does not do so, although such an influence is observed in the B–L1 fusion male where the activity of the S10 NOR again decreases significantly. On the other hand, the activities of the NORs on the S9 and S11 show a significant positive interdependence in both zero B and one B males where S11 NOR activity is increased but do not do so in the B–L1 fusion male, which shows a significant decrease in the S9 NOR activity. Key words: Eyprepocnemis plorans, B chromosome, nucleolus.
Analysis of low concentrations of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine on sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes
Authors: Richer Claude-Lise , Senécal-Quevillon Micheline , Duquette Pierre 
Published: April 2011

To determine a concentration of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) sufficient for sister chromatid differentiation (SCD), and yet having a minimal effect on the number of sister chromatid exchanges ((SCEs), we assessed the effect produced on the number of SCEs by low concentrations (1, 3, and 10 μg/mL) of BrdU. SCD was not obtained in 19% of the 31 subjects with 1 μg/mL of BrdU, while the differentiation was adequate for all samples treated with 3 and 10 μg/mL. We statistically analysed the effects of these three different doses and found no significant difference in the number of SCEs obtained with the doses of 1 and 3 μg/mL, but a significant difference was observed between these two concentrations and 10 μg/mL. We therefore suggest that the dose of 3 μg/mL, while sufficient to produce reliable differential staining, still permits an adequate evaluation of the base line of SCEs and appears to enhance the sensitivity of the test to evaluate between-individual variations. Our experiments also underline that SCE counts should include the centromere exchanges. Key words: sister chromatid exchanges, sister chromatid diffentiation, low doses of BrdU on SCE.
Quantitative genetic studies of yield, yield components, and phenological and agronomic characters in spring faba bean
Authors: Kao H. M. , McVetty P. B. E. 
Published: April 2011

Hayman's diallel cross analysis was employed to investigate the nature of the genetic control and heritability of yield, yield components, and phenological and agronomic characters in F1 and F2 generations of spring faba beans (Vicia faba L.). High-yielding S4 inbred lines from five open-pollinated faba bean cultivars were used as parents to generate complete F1 and F2 diallels. The S5 inbred line parents and the 20 cross combinations were planted in randomized complete block experiments with six replications. All characters in the F1 diallel and in the F2 diallel with the exception of days from planting to maturity met all of the assumptions required for Hayman's diallel analysis. Yield, total dry matter, harvest index, and pods per plant exhibited significant apparent overdominance in both the F1 and F2 diallels. It is concluded that substantial immediate increases in yield and total dry matter could be expected from exploiting the apparent overdominant gene action found for these characters in these crosses via F1 hybrids or synthetics. Key words: total dry matter, harvest index, diallel crosses, inheritance, Vicia faba L.
Interspecific hybrids involving the recently described diploid taxon Avena atlantica
Authors: Leggett J. M. 
Published: April 2011

Chromosome pairing affinities of interspecific hybrids involving the newly discovered species Avena atlantica with A. strigosa, A. hirtula, A. prostrata, A. damascena, A. maroccana, and A. sativa are described. The complete and regular chromosome pairing observed in the hybrids involving A. hirtula and A. strigosa confirms the genomic designation to be AsAs. The chromosome pairing in the A. prostrata, A. damascena, A. maroccana, and A. sativa hybrids indicates that A. atlantica is no more closely related to these species than the other members of the AsAs genomic group. Key words: Avena, meiosis, hybridization, phylogeny.
Locating the Agropyron segment in wheat–Agropyron transfer no. 12
Authors: Eizenga G. C. 
Published: April 2011

Twelve lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were originally identified as having a segment of Agropyron elongatum chromatin carrying a gene for resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita tritici) transferred to wheat chromosome 7D. By studying the chromosome pairing of one of these lines, transfer no. 12, with telosomes 7AL, 7AS, 7BL, 7BS, 7DL, 7DS, and 7AgS, it was determined that the Agropyron chromatin was carried on the long arm of wheat chromosome 7A rather than 7D. This determination was confirmed by acetocarmine–N-banding. Key words: Triticum aestivum, Agropyron elongatum, transfer lines, Puccinia recondita tritici, telosomic analysis.
Chromosome segregation from cell hybrids. III. Segregation is independent of spindle constitution
Authors: Zelesco Paula A. , Graves Jennifer A. Marshall 
Published: April 2011

Hamster β-tubulin (detected as a mutant subunit that confers Colcemid resistance) is either not expressed or is underexpressed in Chinese hamster–mouse somatic cell hybrids. This selectivity of tubulin expression suggests that a uniparental mouse spindle might preferentially engage mouse chromosomes and lead to loss of hamster chromosomes. However, the repression of hamster tubulin was found to have no bearing on the direction of chromosome segregation occurring in eight hybrids studied, some of which segregated predominantly mouse and others hamster chromosomes. Key words: chromosome segregation, cell hybrids, spindle, tubulin.