bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imprints of a gravitational wave through the weak field deflection of photons*
Authors: Pantig Reggie C. , Övgün Ali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the novel phenomenon of gravitational lensing experienced by gravitational waves traveling past a Schwarzschild black hole perturbed by a specific, first-order, polar gravitational wave. We apply the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, finding a topological contribution to the deflection of light rays passing near the black hole. We demonstrate that the deflection angle can be determined by analyzing a region entirely outside the path of the light ray, leading to a calculation based solely on the parameters of the perturbing wave (Legendre polynomial order, l; frequency, σ). This approach offers a unique perspective on gravitational lensing and expands our understanding of black hole interactions with gravitational waves.
Frequency splitting in undulator radiation from solid-state crystalline undulator
Authors: Shchagin A. , Kube G. , Potylitsyn A. , Strokov S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The set of frequencies and angular properties of radiation emitted from a solid-state crystalline undulator based on the channeling effect are considered. High-frequency and low-frequency branches of the undulator radiation and the angular distribution of the emitted radiation are analyzed. The ranges of frequencies and angles of radiation emitted from the solid-state crystalline undulator based on the channeling effect are found. The frequency splitting and the energy threshold in the production of undulator radiation are shown and discussed.
Characterisation of resistive MPGDs with 2D readout
Authors: Scharenberg L. , Brunbauer F. , Danielsson H. , Fang Z. , Flöthner K.J. , Garcia F. , Janssens D. , Lisowska M. , Liu J. , Lyu Y. , Mehl B. , Muller H. , de Oliveira R. , Oliveri E. , Orlandini G. , Pfeiffer D. , Pizzirusso O. , Ropelewski L. , Samarati J. , Shao M. , Teixeira A. , van Stenis M. , Veenhof R. , Zhang Z. , Zhou Y. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGDs) with resistive anode
planes provide intrinsic discharge robustness while maintaining good
spatial and time resolutions. Typically read out with 1D strips or
pad structures, here the characterisation results of resistive anode
plane MPGDs with 2D strip readout are presented. A µRWELL
prototype is investigated in view of its use as a reference tracking
detector in a future gaseous beam telescope. A MicroMegas prototype
with a fine-pitch mesh (730 line-pairs-per-inch) is investigated,
both for comparison and to profit from the better field uniformity
and thus the ability to operate the detector more stable at high
gains. Furthermore, the measurements are another application of the
RD51 VMM3a/SRS electronics.
Examining LEGEND-1000 cosmogenic neutron backgrounds in Geant4 and MCNP
Authors: Barton C.J. , Xu W. , Massarczyk R. , Elliott S.R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
For next-generation neutrinoless double beta decay
experiments, extremely low backgrounds are necessary. An
understanding of in-situ cosmogenic backgrounds is critical to the
design effort. In-situ cosmogenic backgrounds impose a depth
requirement and especially impact the choice of host
laboratory. Often, simulations are used to understand background
effects, and these simulations can have large uncertainties. One way
to characterize the systematic uncertainties is to compare unalike
simulation programs. In this paper, a suite of neutron simulations
with identical geometries and starting parameters have been
performed with Geant4 and MCNP, using geometries relevant to the
LEGEND-1000 experiment. This study is an important step in gauging
the uncertainties of simulations-based estimates. To reduce project
risks associated with simulation uncertainties, a novel alternative
shield of methane-doped liquid argon is considered in this paper for
LEGEND-1000, which could achieve large background reduction without
requiring significant modification to the baseline design.
Optimization stability and performance of the TPS storage ring dipole magnet power supply
Authors: Wang Baosheng , Liu Kuobin , Liu Chenyao , Wong Yongseng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on the current status of the dipole
magnet power supply (DMPS) and improvement in the Taiwan Photon
Source (TPS) storage ring. The DMPS provides a stable and precise
magnetic field for the storage ring operation. Appropriate wiring
methods are employed to minimize magnetic field interference across
the entire TPS area to meet the demands of high-energy output and
overcome the challenges of operating at high currents. The target
energy is set at 850 V and 750 A, utilizing a single-pole
switching voltage regulator as a high-precision constant current
source output structure. The system incorporates a closed control
loop that uses the Direct Current Current Transducer (DCCT) to
provide current signal feedback to the system. FPGA
(Field-Programmable Gate Array) calculates PID
(Proportional-Integral-Derivative) compensation values, generating a
2.1 kHz pulse width modulation (PWM) signal to regulate the output
current. At the same time, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)
modules are switching components. However, even after several years
of practical operation, the stability and performance of the DMPS in
the storage ring still require improvements. To enhance long-term
output current stability and address peripheral issues, the current
TPS utilizes the Beam Orbit Feedback (FOFB) system to suppress and
fine-tune the magnetic field and compensate for the impact of
temperature drift on the DMPS's output current. This improvement
ensures a more stable circulation of the photon beam within the
storage ring. By optimizing the temperature control circuit of the
main control card, the long-term output current stability has been
successfully enhanced to within ± 10 ppm. Simultaneously, the
FOFB system reduces uncertainties in adjusting the X-axis beam
position, improving beam stability and quality. Furthermore,
relevant protective measures have been implemented to ensure robust
system operation. Ultimately, these improvement measures have
successfully met TPS's stringent requirements for the DMPS, enabling
the synchrotron accelerator light source to operate at higher
performance levels and fostering advanced scientific research. The
results of these upgrades underscore the success of the power supply
enhancements, making significant contributions to the overall
improvement of the Taiwan Photon Source facility.
Evaluation of tribological and biological properties of Ti6Al4V coated with Si3N4/ND nanoparticles for orthopedic applications: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Esmaeili Mohammad Mahdi , Nemati Nahid Hassanzadeh , Joupari Morteza Daliri 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, the biocompatibility and tribological properties of Ti6Al4V coated with silicon nitride (Si3N4)/nanodiamond using the electrophoretic deposition method were investigated. Suspensions of various aqueous and alcoholic solutions were prepared in the presence of CTAB and SDS dispersers. The most stable suspension system for the electrophoresis process was selected (aqueous media/ SDS disperser). Four different voltages (20, 30, 40 and 50 V) were applied to study the effect of voltage on the coating property. One could find that processing with 40 V obtained the best coating. The nano-composite coating was characterized using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy, mapping analysis and x-ray diffraction after the coating process. The samples were then subjected to two nanoindentation and nano-scratching tests to evaluate their tribological properties. Biocompatibility was assessed in an ex vivo environment using two cell culture tests to evaluate survival and cellular adhesion. The results showed that the hardness and modulus elasticity of the coated sample increased from 85 to 124 GPa and 1.14–3.55 GPa, respectively, compared to the non-coated sample. Additionally, the MTT test results indicated that cellular survival and proliferation of MG63 cells increased from 86% for the non-coated sample to 92% for the Ti6Al4V/Si3N4 /ND sample. These findings have implications for orthopedic implant applications.
A facile single-cell patterning strategy based on harbor-like microwell microfluidics
Authors: Sun Yingnan , Liu Yongshu , Sun Dezhi , Liu Kexin , Li Yuyan , Liu Yumin , Zhang Shusheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Single-cell analysis is an effective method for conducting comprehensive heterogeneity studies ranging from cell phenotype to gene expression. The ability to arrange different cells in a predetermined pattern at single-cell resolution has a wide range of applications in cell-based analysis and plays an important role in facilitating interdisciplinary research by researchers in various fields. Most existing microfluidic microwell chips is a simple and straightforward method, which typically use small-sized microwells to accommodate single cells. However, this method imposes certain limitations on cells of various sizes, and the single-cell capture efficiency is relatively low without the assistance of external forces. Moreover, the microwells limit the spatiotemporal resolution of reagent replacement, as well as cell-to-cell communication. In this study, we propose a new strategy to prepare a single-cell array on a planar microchannel based on microfluidic flip microwells chip platform with large apertures (50 μm), shallow channels (50 μm), and deep microwells (50 μm). The combination of three configuration characteristics contributes to multi-cell trapping and a single-cell array within microwells, while the subsequent chip flipping accomplishes the transfer of the single-cell array to the opposite planar microchannel for cells adherence and growth. Further assisted by protein coating of bovine serum albumin and fibronectin on different layers, the single-cell capture efficiency in microwells is achieved at 92.1% ± 1%, while ultimately 85% ± 3.4% on planar microchannel. To verify the microfluidic flip microwells chip platform, the real-time and heterogeneous study of calcium release and apoptosis behaviours of single cells is carried out. To our knowledge, this is the first time that high-efficiency single-cell acquisition has been accomplished using a circular-well chip design that combines shallow channel, large aperture and deep microwell together. The chip is effective in avoiding the shearing force of high flow rates on cells, and the large apertures better allows cells to sedimentation. Therefore, this strategy owns the advantages of easy preparation and user-friendliness, which is especially valuable for researchers from different fields.
Tailored design of NHS–SS–NHS cross-linked chitosan nano-hydrogels for enhanced anti-tumor efficacy by GSH-responsive drug release
Authors: Ouyang Cuiling , Deng Minxin , Tan Xiaowei , Liu Ziyi , Huang Tuo , Yu Siyu , Ge Zan , Zhang Yafang , Ding Yujun , Chen Hezhang , Chu Hui , Chen Jian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The traditional chemotherapeutic agents’ disadvantages such as high toxicity, untargeting and poor water solubility lead to disappointing chemotherapy effects, which restricts its clinical application. In this work, novel size-appropriate and glutathione (GSH)-responsive nano-hydrogels were successfully prepared via the active ester method between chitosan (containing –NH2) and cross-linker (containing NHS). Especially, the cross-linker was elaborately designed to possess a disulfide linkage (SS) as well as two terminal NHS groups, namely NHS–SS–NHS. These functionalities endowed chitosan-based cross-linked scaffolds with capabilities for drug loading and delivery, as well as a GSH-responsive mechanism for drug release. The prepared nano-hydrogels demonstrated excellent performance applicable morphology, excellent drug loading efficiency (∼22.5%), suitable size (∼100 nm) and long-term stability. The prepared nano-hydrogels released over 80% doxorubicin (DOX) after incubation in 10 mM GSH while a minimal DOX release less than 25% was tested in normal physiological buffer (pH = 7.4). The unloaded nano-hydrogels did not show any apparent cytotoxicity to A 549 cells. In contrast, DOX-loaded nano-hydrogels exhibited marked anti-tumor activity against A 549 cells, especially in high GSH environment. Finally, through fluorescent imaging and flow cytometry analysis, fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled nano-hydrogels show obvious specific binding to the GSH high-expressing A549 cells and nonspecific binding to the GSH low-expressing A549 cells. Therefore, with this cross-linking approach, our present finding suggests that cross-linked chitosan nano-hydrogel drug carrier improves the anti-tumor effect of the A 549 cells and may serve as a potential injectable delivery carrier.
Antifouling nanoplatform for controlled attachment of E. coli
Authors: Tavangar Amirhossein , Premnath Priyatha , Tan Bo , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Biofouling is the most common cause of bacterial contamination in implanted materials/devices resulting in severe inflammation, implant mobilization, and eventual failure. Since bacterial attachment represents the initial step toward biofouling, developing synthetic surfaces that prevent bacterial adhesion is of keen interest in biomaterials research. In this study, we develop antifouling nanoplatforms that effectively impede bacterial adhesion and the consequent biofilm formation. We synthesize the antifouling nanoplatform by introducing silicon (Si)/silica nanoassemblies to the surface through ultrafast ionization of Si substrates. We assess the effectiveness of these nanoplatforms in inhibiting Escherichia coli (E. coli) adhesion. The findings reveal a significant reduction in bacterial attachment on the nanoplatform compared to untreated silicon, with bacteria forming smaller colonies. By manipulating physicochemical characteristics such as nanoassembly size/concentration and nanovoid size, we further control bacterial attachment. These findings suggest the potential of our synthesized nanoplatform in developing biomedical implants/devices with improved antifouling properties.
Influence of global teleconnections on long-term variability in flood seasonality across peninsular India
Authors: Posa Poornima Chandra Lekha , Rasool Tabasum , Budamala Venkatesh , Bhowmik Rajarshi Das 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Climate change and natural climate variability impact not only the frequency and magnitude of floods but also flood seasonality. However, limited to no study has investigated the seasonality in flood occurrence in peninsular Indian rivers. The Central Water Commission opening its long-term records of river stage and discharge gathered from many monitoring stations offers a unique opportunity to analyse flood seasonality. The primary aims of this study are to identify the time of the year when floods are most likely, investigate whether the occurrence of floods has changed over time due to the influence of climate change and natural climate variability, and determine the most significant large-scale and local climate drivers of flood seasonality. Stage and discharge data from 281 gauging stations across ten peninsular river basins are considered to identify the annual maximum gauge level for a gauging point while retaining the corresponding Julian day (also known as the date of occurrence or DO) for further analysis. Several attributes related to circular statistics are calculated from the DO series to find that 68% of the gauging stations experience floods during August, indicating the dominance of the monsoon system on DO. Preliminary analysis confirms that while most stations experience a non-stationarity in the DO series, a few stations exhibit a non-linear trend. Furthermore, our study develops a machine learning model with DO as predictand and 36 local and large-scale predictors to identify the dominant predictors of DO. The predictor importance metric shows that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) explain DO variability better than other drivers. Moreover, since ENSO and PDO are teleconnected with the onset of monsoon and annual maximum rainfall (Pradhan et al 2017 Sci. Rep.
7 14229; Choudhury et al 2021a Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
147 3111–23), flood seasonality demonstrates a connection with both PDO and ENSO.
Mitigation of non-CO2 greenhouse gases from Indian agriculture sector
Authors: Patange Omkar , Purohit Pallav , Avashia Vidhee , Klimont Zbigniew , Garg Amit 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Indian agriculture sector is driven by small and marginal farmers and employs two-thirds of the Indian work force. Agriculture also accounts for around a quarter of the total greenhouse gas emissions, mainly in the form of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Hence, agriculture is an important sector for India’s transition to net-zero emissions and for the achievement of the sustainable development goals. So far, very few studies have assessed the future trajectories for CH4 and N2O emissions from the agriculture sector. Moreover, assessment of CH4 and N2O mitigation potential at a subnational (state) level is missing but is important owing to the regional diversity in India. To fill this gap, we focus on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from the agricultural activities using 23 sub-regions in India. We use the GAINS modelling framework which has been widely applied for assessing the mitigation strategies for non-CO2 emissions and multiple air pollutants at regional and global scales. We analyze a current policy and a sustainable agriculture scenario using different combinations of structural interventions and technological control measures to inform the Indian and global climate policy debates. Our results suggest that a combination of sustainable agricultural practices and maximum feasible control measures could reduce the CH4 and N2O emissions by about 6% and 19% by 2030 and 27% and 40% by 2050 when compared to the current policies scenario with limited technological interventions. At a sub-national level, highest mitigation potential is observed in Uttar Pradesh, followed by, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana. The mitigation of agricultural CH4 and N2O also has co-benefits in terms of reduced local pollution, improved health, and livelihood opportunities for the local communities.
Autoencoder-based composite drought indices
Authors: Lee Taesam , Kong Yejin , Singh Vijay , Lee Joo-Heon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Depending on the type, drought events are described using different indices, such as meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological. The use of different indices often causes confusion for making water-related management decisions. One simple summarized index which can describe the different aspects of drought is desired. Several methods have therefore been proposed, especially with the linear combination method which does not adequately describe drought characteristics. Meanwhile, autoencoders, nonlinear transformation in dimensional reduction, have been applied in the deep learning literature. The objective of this study, therefore, was to derive autoencoder-based composite drought indices (ACDIs). First, a basic autoencoder was directly applied as ACDI, illustrating a negative relation with the observed drought indices which was further multiplied by a negative. Also, the hyperbolic tangent function was adopted instead of the sigmoid transfer function due to its higher sensitivity to drought conditions. For better expression of drought indices, positive and unity constraints were applied for weights, denoted as ACDI-C. Further simplification was made as sACDI by excluding the decoding module since it was not necessary. All applied weights of different sites over a country can be unified into one weight, and the same weights were made for all the sites, called as sACDI1. In the context of model evaluation, a comprehensive analysis was undertaken employing metrics as root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and correlation coefficients. The collective findings underscore the superior performance of both the sACDI and sACDI1 models over their counterparts. Notably, these simplified models manifestly diminished RMSE and MAE values, indicating their enhanced predictive capabilities. Of particular note, sACDI1 exhibited a discernibly lower MAE in comparison to alternative models. Further alarm performance metrics was conducted including the false alarm ratio, probability of detection, and accuracy (ACC). The investigations revealed superiority of the simplified models in terms of alarm ACC, especially in the case of SRSI(A). The developed ACDI can comprehensively summarize multiple drought aspects and provide summarized information about drought conditions.
Artificial plant-based diet for mass-rearing larvae of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Rindiani D E , Herlinda S , Suwandi S 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEfforts to overcome the problems of a new pest,Spodoptera frugiperdaor fall armyworm, need basic and applied research. In order to carry out the research efficiently, it is necessary to rear large numbers of test insects on an artificial diet. The present study aimed to determine the effect of an artificial diet on larval weight, adult longevity, and number of eggs laid byS. frugiperda. Artificial diets were prepared from leaf-based ingredients of land spinach (Ipomoea reptans), pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus), red mulberry (Morus rubra), and maize (Zea mays) (control). The present study indicated that the highest weight of6th instars was found on treatment of pigweed leaves (135.79 mg), which was significantly different from others. The longest longevity ofS. frugiperdaadults was found on pigweed (9.06 days), but it was not significantly different from that on red mulberry (8.03 days). The highest number of eggs laid was on pigweed (94.63 eggs per female), but this was not significantly different from maize (91.30 eggs per female) and red mulberry (84.86 eggs per female). Finally, the most appropriate artificial diet for mass-rearing larvae ofS. frugiperdais an artificial diet based on pigweed leaves.
The capacity of Trichogramma chilotraeae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to parasitize Spodoptera frugiperda reared with natural diet vs artificial diet vs alternate host
Authors: Sari A , Nurkomar I , Buchori D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Parasitoids can be mass-produced easily using artificial diets or an alternate host. This research examined Trichogramma chilotreae’s ability to parasitize S. frugiperda (reared on different diets) and Corcyra cephalonica eggs (alternate host). The research was conducted using a completely randomized design. The treatment used is the type of egg (50 eggs of S. frugiperda fed on a natural and artificial diet during the larval stage and 50 eggs of C. cephalonica). These eggs were exposed for 24 hours to one mated female of T. chilotraeae and then reared until the emergence of adult parasitoids. Results show that T. chilotraeae parasitized more S. frugiperda eggs fed on a natural or artificial diet than C. cephalonica eggs. However, the parasitization rate was the same between the three. Similar to the sex ratio of the resulting T. chilotraeae offspring, S. frugiperda eggs fed on a natural diet produced more female offspring than S. frugiperda eggs fed on an artificial diet or on C. cephalonica eggs, indicating that mass rearing of T. chilotraeae can be carried out using a host in the form of S. frugiperda eggs from adult fed on artificial diet during a larval stage or by using C. cephalonica eggs.