bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning structural durability of yeast‐encapsulating alginate gel beads with interpenetrating networks for sustained bioethanol production
Authors: Cha Chaenyung , Kim Soo Rin , Jin Yong‐Su , Kong Hyunjoon 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMicroorganisms have become key components in many biotechnological processes to produce various chemicals and biofuels. The encapsulation of microbial cells in calcium cross‐linked alginate gel beads has been extensively studied due to several advantages over using free cells. However, industrial use of alginate gel beads has been hampered by the low structural stability of the beads. In this study, we demonstrate that the incorporation of interpenetrating covalent cross‐links in an ionically cross‐linked alginate gel bead significantly enhances the bead's structural durability. The interpenetrating network (IPN) was prepared by first cross‐linking alginate chemically modified with methacrylic groups, termed methacrylic alginate (MA), with calcium ions and subsequently conducting a photo cross‐linking reaction. The resulting methacrylic alginate gel beads (IPN‐MA) exhibited higher stiffness, ultimate strength and ultimate strain and also remained more stable in media either subjected to high shear or supplemented with chelating agents than calcium cross‐linked alginate gel beads. Furthermore, yeast cells encapsulated in IPN‐MA gel beads remained more metabolically active in ethanol production than those in calcium cross‐linked alginate gel beads. Overall, the results of this study will be highly useful in designing encapsulation devices with improved structural durability for a broad array of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells used in biochemical and industrial processes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 63–73. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engineering the pentose phosphate pathway to improve hydrogen yield in recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: Kim Young Mi , Cho Han‐Saem , Jung Gyoo Yeol , Park Jong Moon 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAmong various routes for the biological hydrogen production, the NAD(P)H‐dependent pentose phosphate (PP) pathway is the most efficient for the dark fermentation. Few studies, however, have focused on the glucose‐6‐phosphate 1‐dehydrogenase, encoded by zwf, as a key enzyme activating the PP pathway. Although the gluconeogenic activity is essential for activating the PP pathway, it is difficult to enhance the NADPH production by regulating only this activity because the gluconeogenesis is robust and highly sensitive to concentrations of glucose and AMP inside the cell. In this study, the FBPase II (encoded by glpX), a regulation‐insensitive enzyme in the gluconeogenic pathway, was activated. Physiological studies of several recombinant, ferredoxin‐dependent hydrogenase system‐containing Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strains showed that overexpression of glpX alone could increase the hydrogen yield by 1.48‐fold compared to a strain with the ferredoxin‐dependent hydrogenase system only; the co‐overexpression of glpX with zwf increased the hydrogen yield further to 2.32‐fold. These results indicate that activation of the PP pathway by glpX overexpression‐enhanced gluconeogenic flux is crucial for the increase of NAD(P)H‐dependent hydrogen production in E. coli BL21(DE3). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2941–2946. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography of porphyrins
Authors: Benton Christopher M. , Lim Chang Kee , Ritchie Harald J. , Moniz Caje , Jones Donald J.L. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTAn ultra high‐performance liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) system was developed and optimized for the separation of porphyrins of clinical interest. Optimum conditions for the simultaneous separation of uroporphyrin, hepta‐, hexa‐, penta‐carboxylic acid porphyrins and coproporphyrin and their type I and III isomers on a Thermo Hypersil BDS C18 column (2.4 µm particle size, 100 × 2.1 mm i.d.) using a gradient elution with 10% (v/v) acetonitrile in 1.0 m ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.16) and 10% (v/v) acetonitrile in methanol at a flow‐rate of 0.4 mL/min. The effect of mobile phase buffer molarity on the sensitivity of fluorescence detection and resolution of porphyrin isomers was investigated. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of porphyrins extracted from the urine and faeces of patients with various human porphyrias. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lagrange, Hamilton, Schrödinger, and computers
Authors: Fazarinc Zvonko 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe subtitle of this article could be “Modern engineer meets the masters of mathematical physics.” While there is no way to know how the masters would use our modern technology, we can educate ourselves in their way of thinking and adapt their mathematical methods to our computational capabilities. This article attempts to do just that and illustrates the findings with examples from dynamics, electro‐magnetics, and quantum mechanics. It does this from the engineer's viewpoint and in keeping with the mission of the Computer Applications in Engineering Education publication. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:238–251, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.20550
Impact of renal insufficiency on safety and efficacy of drug‐eluting stents compared to bare‐metal stents at 6 years
Authors: Simsek Cihan , Magro Michael , Boersma Eric , Onuma Yoshinobu , Nauta Sjoerd , Valstar Gideon , van Geuns Robert‐Jan , van der Giessen Willem , van Domburg Ron , Serruys Patrick ,   Interventional Cardiologists of the Thoraxcenter
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground: There is few information on the long‐term efficacy and safety of sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES) and paclitaxel‐eluting stents (PES) compared to bare metal stents (BMS) in all‐comer percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)—patients complicated by renal insufficiency (RI). Objective: Our aim was to assess the 6‐year clinical outcome of PCI‐patients with RI treated exclusively with BMS, SES, or PES in our academic hospital. Methods: A total of 1382 patients, included in three cohorts of consecutive PCI‐patients (BMS = 392; SES = 498; PES = 492), were categorized by creatinine clearance calculated by the Cockroft–Gault formula (normal kidney function ≥ 90; mild RI = 60–89; moderate RI < 60) and systematically followed for the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results: Mortality rates were significantly higher for patients with moderate RI compared to mild RI and normal kidney function at 6 years (Kaplan–Meier estimate: moderate RI (34%) vs. mild RI (12%), P < 0.001; moderate RI (34%) vs. normal kidney function (8%), P < 0.001). After multivariate Cox‐regression analysis, SES and PES decreased the occurrence of target‐vessel revascularization (TVR) and MACE at 6 years in patients with a normal creatinine clearance compared to BMS [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28–0.84; aHR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57–0.97, respectively] with no significant effect on mortality. Safety‐ and efficacy end points were comparable for the three stent types in patients with mild‐ and moderate renal function. Conclusion: Patients with a normal creatinine clearance had significant improvement in TVR and MACE rates after SES‐ or PES implantation compared to BMS at 6 years. However, there was no superiority of both drug‐eluting stents over BMS in safety and efficacy end points for patients with impaired renal function. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SBA‐15‐Type Organosilica with 4‐Mercapto‐N,N‐bis‐(3‐Si‐propyl)butanamide for Palladium Scavenging and Cross‐Coupling Catalysis
Authors: El Hankari Samir , El Kadib Abdelkrim , Finiels Annie , Bouhaouss Ahmed , Moreau Joël J. E. , Crudden Cathleen M. , Brunel Daniel , Hesemann Peter 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis work describes the synthesis of novel functional silica materials with difunctional thiol–amide substructures and featuring regular architectures on a mesoscopic level. The functional materials were synthesised by both one‐pot co‐condensation and post‐grafting approaches. The thiol groups confined in the matrix were found to be efficient for palladium entrapment, leading to highly active and reusable heterogeneous catalysts for Sonogashira and Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions. This work evidences the crucial role of both the thiol precursor and the condensation degree of the silica scaffold in view of the design of stable and reusable tailor‐made mesoporous catalytic silica materials.
Crystal Growth of Clathrate Hydrate in Gas/Liquid/Liquid System: Variations in Crystal‐Growth Behavior
Authors: Ishida Yosuke , Sakemoto Riki , Ohmura Ryo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper reports the visual observations of the formation and growth of structure‐II hydrate crystals on a water droplet partially immersed in liquid cyclopentane and exposed to difluoromethane gas. Each of the experiments was performed under prescribed temperature and pressure conditions in the range from 281.7 to 297.0 K and from 0.12 to 1.10 MPa in order to investigate the effect of the driving force for the hydrate crystal growth. The experiments were conducted at 25 different temperature–pressure conditions. It was found that the behavior of the hydrate crystal growth in this three‐component system can be classified into three modes, which we called “cover”, “expansion” and “line”, depending on the temperature and pressure. The descriptions of the three types are summarized as follows. “Cover”: Hydrate crystals first formed on the water‐droplet surface and then grew to form a polycrystalline layer covering the surface. After complete surface coverage, no more hydrate growth and little change in the shape of the hydrate‐covered water droplet were observed. “Expansion”: Like “cover”, the first crystals were observed on the water‐droplet surface. They grew not only along the surface, but also toward the gas phase, and then continued to grow for more than several tens of minutes after complete coverage. “Line”: Unlike the other two modes, hydrate crystals first formed at the three‐phase interfacial line and grew along this line. The shape of the hydrate crystals eventually became like a doughnut, since the center of the water droplet collapsed when they grew.
Two‐Step Electrochemically Directed Synthesis of Pr4N(TCNQ)n(n=1, 2): Preparation, Structure, and Properties of a Magnetically Isolated Dimer and a Quasi‐One‐Dimensional Chain
Authors: Qu Xiaohu , Lu Jinzhen , Boas John F. , Bond Alan M. , Martin Lisandra L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSolid‐state electrochemistry of a tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ)‐modified electrode in contact with a tetrapropylammonium cation (Pr4N+) electrolyte showed two electron‐transfer steps to give Pr4N(TCNQ)2(1) and Pr4N(TCNQ) (2) rather than the traditional one‐electron step to directly give Pr4N(TCNQ). Two thermodynamically stable Pr4N+TCNQ stoichiometries,1and2, were synthesized and characterized. The degree of charge transfer (ρ) calculated from the crystal structure is −0.5 for the TCNQ moieties in1and −1.0 for those in2. Raman spectra for Pr4N(TCNQ)2show only one resonance for the extracyclic CC stretching at 1423 cm−1, which lies approximately midway between that of TCNQ at 1454 cm−1and TCNQ−at 1380 cm−1. Both the magnetic susceptibility and EPR spectra are temperature‐dependent, with a magnetic moment close to that for one unpaired electron per (TCNQ)2unit in1, whereas2is almost diamagnetic. Pressed discs of both complexes show conductivity (1–2×10−5 S cm−1) in the semiconductor range. For1, the position of zero current for the steady‐state voltammograms implies 50 % of TCNQ−and 50 % TCNQ0is present in solution, thereby supporting a dissociation of (TCNQ)2−in solution, but is indicative of only TCNQ−being present for2.
Structure, Magnetism and Theory of a Family of Nonanuclear CuII5LnIII4–Triethanolamine Clusters Displaying Single‐Molecule Magnet Behaviour
Authors: Langley Stuart K. , Ungur Liviu , Chilton Nicholas F. , Moubaraki Boujemaa , Chibotaru Liviu F. , Murray Keith S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSynthesis, crystal structures and magnetic studies are reported for four new heterometallic CuII–LnIII clusters. The reaction of Cu(NO3)2⋅3H2O with triethanolamine (teaH3), pivalic acid, triethylamine and Ln(NO3)3⋅6H2O (Ln=Gd, Tb, Dy and Ho) results in the formation of four isostructural nonanuclear complexes of general formula [CuII5LnIII4O2(teaH)4{O2CC(CH3)3}2(NO3)4(OMe)4]⋅2MeOH⋅2Et2O [Ln=Gd (1), Tb (2), Dy (3) and Ho (4)]. The metal core of each cluster is made up of four face‐ and vertex‐sharing tetrahedral units. Solid‐state DC magnetic susceptibility studies reveal competing anti‐ and ferromagnetic interactions within each cluster leading to large‐spin ground states for 1–4. Solid‐state AC magnetic susceptibility studies show frequency‐dependent out‐of‐phase (${\chi {^\prime}{^\prime}_{\rm{M}} }$) signals for 2–4 below 4 K, suggestive of single‐molecule magnet behaviour. Ab initio calculations on one of the anisotropic examples (3) provided a rare set of J values for Dy–Cu and Cu–Cu exchange interactions (Dy–Dy zero), some ferro‐ and some antiferromagnetic in character, that explain its magnetic behaviour.
Moderate and Advanced Intramolecular Proton Transfer in Urea–Anion Hydrogen‐Bonded Complexes
Authors: Baggi Giorgio , Boiocchi Massimo , Fabbrizzi Luigi , Mosca Lorenzo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe study of the interactions of the three urea‐based receptors AH, BH+ and CH2+ with a variety of anions, in MeCN, has made it possible to verify the current view that hydrogen bonding is frozen proton transfer from the donor (the urea NH fragment in this case) to the acceptor (the anion X−). The poorly acidic, neutral receptor AH establishes two equivalent hydrogen bonds NH⋅⋅⋅X−, with all anions, including CH3COO− and F−, in which moderate proton transfer from NH to the anion takes place. The strongly acidic, dicationic receptor CH2+ forms, with most anions, complexes in which two inequivalent hydrogen bonds are present: one involving moderate proton transfer (NH⋅⋅⋅X−) and one in which advanced proton transfer has taken place, described as N−⋅⋅⋅HX. The degree of proton advancement is directly related to the basic tendencies of the anion. The cationic receptor BH+ of intermediate acidic properties only forms complexes with two inequivalent hydrogen bonds (moderate+advanced proton transfer) with CH3COO− and F−, and complexes with two equivalent hydrogen bonds (moderate proton transfer) with all the other anions. Moreover, [B⋅⋅⋅HF] and [C⋅⋅⋅HF]+, on addition of a second F− ion, lose the bound HF molecule to give HF2−. Release of CH3COOH, with the formation of [CH3COOH⋅⋅⋅CH3COO]−, also takes place with the [B⋅⋅⋅CH3COOH] complex in the presence of a large excess of anion.
Differences in Reactivity of Epoxides in the Copolymerisation with Carbon Dioxide by Zinc‐Based Catalysts: Propylene Oxide versus Cyclohexene Oxide
Authors: Lehenmeier Maximilian W. , Bruckmeier Christian , Klaus Stephan , Dengler Joachim E. , Deglmann Peter , Ott Anna‐Katharina , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe homogeneous dinuclear zinc catalyst going back to the work of Williams et al. is to date the most active catalyst for the copolymerisation of cyclohexene oxide and CO2 at one atmosphere of carbon dioxide. However, this catalyst shows no copolymer formation in the copolymerisation reaction of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide, instead only cyclic carbonate is found. This behaviour is known for many zinc‐based catalysts, although the reasons are still unidentified. Within our studies, we focus on the parameters that are responsible for this typical behaviour. A deactivation of the catalyst due to a reaction with propylene oxide turns out to be negligible. Furthermore, the catalyst still shows poly(cyclohexene carbonate) formation in the presence of cyclic propylene carbonate, but the catalyst activity is dramatically reduced. In terpolymerisation reactions of CO2 with different ratios of cyclohexene oxide to propylene oxide, no incorporation of propylene oxide can be detected, which can only be explained by a very fast back‐biting reaction. Kinetic investigations indicate a complex reaction network, which can be manifested by theoretical investigations. DFT calculations show that the ring strains of both epoxides are comparable and the kinetic barriers for the chain propagation even favour the poly(propylene carbonate) over the poly(cyclohexene carbonate) formation. Therefore, the crucial step in the copolymerisation of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide is the back‐biting reaction in the case of the studied zinc catalyst. The depolymerisation is several orders of magnitude faster for poly(propylene carbonate) than for poly(cyclohexene carbonate).
Composition Dependence of the Photocatalytic Activities of BiOCl1−xBrx Solid Solutions under Visible Light
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Son Won‐Joon , Lu Jibao , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe prepared BiOCl1−xBrx (x=0–1) solid solutions and characterized their structures, morphologies, and photocatalytic properties by X‐ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photocurrent and photocatalytic activity measurements and also by density functional theory calculations for BiOCl, BiOBr, BiOCl0.5Br0.5. Under visible‐light irradiation BiOCl1−xBrx exhibits a stronger photocatalytic activity than do BiOCl and BiOBr, with the activity reaching the maximum at x=0.5 and decreasing gradually as x is increased toward 1 or decreased toward 0. This trend is closely mimicked by the photogenerated current of BiOCl1−xBrx, indicating that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of BiOCl1−xBrx with respect to those of BiOCl and BiOBr originates from the trapping of photogenerated carriers. Our electronic structure calculations for BiOCl0.5Br0.5 with the anion (O2−, Cl−, Br−) and cation (Bi3+) vacancies suggest that the trapping of photogenerated carriers is caused most likely by Bi3+ cation vacancies, which generate hole states above the conduction band maximum.
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships of Constrained Heterocyclic Analogues of Combretastatin A4
Authors: Arthuis Martin , Pontikis Renée , Chabot Guy G. , Seguin Johanne , Quentin Lionel , Bourg Stéphane , Morin‐Allory Luc , Florent Jean‐Claude 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA series of combretastatin A4 (CA4) analogues with a lactam or lactone ring fused to the trimethoxyphenyl or the B‐phenyl moiety were synthesized in an efficient and stereoselective manner by using a domino Heck–Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction. The vascular‐disrupting potential of these conformationally restricted CA4 analogues was assessed by various in vitro assays: inhibition of tubulin polymerization, modification of endothelial cell morphology, and disruption of endothelial cell cords. Compounds were also evaluated for their growth inhibitory effects against murine and human tumor cells. B‐ring‐constrained derivatives that contain an oxindole ring (in contrast to compounds with a benzofuranone ring) as well as analogues bearing a six‐membered lactone core fused to the trimethoxyphenyl ring are endowed with significant biological activity. The most potent compound of this series (oxindole 9 b) is of particular interest, as it combines chemical stability and a biological activity profile characteristic of a vascular‐disrupting agent.
The rise and fall of gatekeeper mutations? The BCR‐ABL1 T315I paradigm
Authors: Gibbons Don L. , Pricl Sabrina , Kantarjian Hagop , Cortes Jorge , Quintás‐Cardama Alfonso 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has become an integral component of cancer therapy. Imatinib mesylate, a breakpoint cluster region‐Abelson BCR‐ABL1 inhibitor, was the first TKI approved in cancer medicine and has served as a model for the development of similar agents for other cancers. An important drawback of TKI therapy is the development of resistance, frequently through the acquisition of mutations. Mutations at the gatekeeper residues of BCR‐ABL1 (eg, the threonine‐to‐isoleucine mutation at codon 315) and other oncogenic kinases have proven highly resistant to currently available TKIs. Advances in the structural biology of oncogenic kinases have facilitated the rational development of TKIs that are active against gatekeeper mutations. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Does “in situ lymphoma” occur as a distinct step in the development of nodular lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin lymphoma?
Authors: Carbone Antonino 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe concept of in situ neoplasia, already well acknowledged in epithelial tumors, has now been extended to lymphoid neoplasms. Among germinal center (GC)‐derived lymphomas, a type of “in situ follicular lymphoma (FL)” has been described in which cells that strongly express BCL2 are observed in histologically abnormal follicles. In this commentary, the author suggests that another GC‐derived lymphoma, ie, nodular lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin lymphoma with a micronodular pattern in which small GCs or broken‐up GCs are present within nodules, may be regarded as an early lesion limited to GC. Like “in situ FL,” this is likely to be an in situ step that potentially leads to overt lymphoma. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Expanding Nilotinib Access in Clinical Trials (ENACT)
Authors: Nicolini Franck E. , Turkina Anna , Shen Zhi‐Xiang , Gallagher Neil , Jootar Saengsuree , Powell Bayard L. , De Souza Carmino , Zheng Ming , Szczudlo Tomasz , le Coutre Philipp 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Nilotinib is a selective, potent BCR‐ABL inhibitor. Previous studies demonstrated the efficacy and safety of nilotinib in Philadelphia chromosome‐positive chronic myeloid leukemia patients in chronic phase (CML‐CP) or accelerated phase who failed prior imatinib.METHODS:This expanded access trial further characterized the safety of nilotinib 400 mg twice daily in patients with CML‐CP (N = 1422).RESULTS:In this large, heavily pretreated population, nilotinib demonstrated significant efficacy, with complete hematologic response and complete cytogenetic response achieved in 43% and 34% of patients, respectively. Responses were rapid, mostly occurring within 6 months, and were higher in patients with suboptimal response to imatinib, with 75% and 50% achieving major cytogenetic response and complete cytogenetic response, respectively. At 18 months, the progression‐free survival rate was 80%. Most patients achieved planned dosing of 400 mg twice daily and maintained the dose >12 months. Nonhematologic adverse events (AEs) were mostly mild to moderate and included rash (28%), headache (25%), and nausea (17%). Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia (22%), neutropenia (14%), and anemia (3%) were low and managed by dose reduction or brief interruption. Grade 3 or 4 elevations in serum bilirubin and lipase occurred in 4% and 7% of patients, respectively. The incidence of newly occurring AEs decreased over time. Of patients who experienced a dose reduction because of AEs and attempted a re‐escalation, 87% successfully achieved re‐escalation to the full dose.CONCLUSIONS:This large study confirms that nilotinib was well tolerated and that grade 3 or 4 AEs occurred infrequently and were manageable through transient dose interruptions. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.