bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P. aeruginosa infection increases morbidity in experimental cholesteatomas
Authors: Jung Jae Y. , Lee Dong H. , Wang Eric W. , Nason Robert , Sinnwell Toni M. , Vogel Joseph P. , Chole Richard A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives:Clinicians have long noted that infected cholesteatomas are more aggressive than uninfected ones without data to support these observations. The purpose of this study is to determine the etiological role of biofilm forming P. aeruginosa (PA) and the virulence factor, type IV pili (TFP), in the pathogenesis of experimental cholesteatomas.Design:We evaluated three different PA strains and one Escherichia coli strain in cholesteatoma progression: PA14, a well‐characterized wound isolate, OPPA8, an otopathogenic strain from a human cholesteatoma, OPPA8‐NP, an isogenic TFP deletion mutant, and DH5α, an E. coli strain.Methods:Cholesteatomas were induced in gerbils. We inoculated the right ear with bacteria and the left with vehicle. After 6 weeks their cholesteatomas were evaluated by micro‐CT scanning. Cholesteatoma size and bone resorption were analyzed digitally.Results:Results demonstrate that PA infection increases cholesteatoma size when compared to uninfected controls: OPPA8 showed an 8.9‐fold increase, PA14 a 2.6‐fold increase, OPPA8‐NP a 1.9‐fold increase, while DH5α was not increased over controls. Additionally, infected bullae showed 10 to 50% more cholesteatoma‐induced bone resorption.Conclusions:In this model, PA infected cholesteatomas enlarge more rapidly and are more destructive than uninfected controls. OPPA8, the strain from a human cholesteatoma, showed the greatest enlargement and bone destruction. Additionally, we demonstrate that TFP is a virulence factor in this model because the nonpiliated isogenic mutant, OPPA8‐NP, was significantly less aggressive than the wild‐type OPPA8 indicating that type IV pili may be a virulence factor in this disease. Laryngoscope, 121:2449‐2454, 2011
Robotic endolaryngeal flexible (Robo‐ELF) scope: A preclinical feasibility study
Authors: Olds Kevin , Hillel Alexander T. , Cha Elizabeth , Curry Martin , Akst Lee M. , Taylor Russell H. , Richmon Jeremy D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:This article presents a novel robotic endolaryngeal flexible (Robo‐ELF) scope driver for minimally invasive laryngeal surgery. The Robo‐ELF consists of a simple, robust robotic scope driver with three active and two passive degrees of freedom, allowing it to manipulate any standard flexible endoscope. The system is controlled by a joystick‐like three dimensional mouse that interfaces with the scope driver via a laptop. Because the scope is supported and controlled by the robot, motor control and therefore visualization are enhanced. Additionally, because the robot remains stationary when the mouse is not being manipulated, the surgeon can position it and operate bimanually.Methods:The system was validated by performing visualization and biopsy procedures on two human cadavers with the Robo‐ELF and comparing this with standard rigid endoscopes with three different angles.Results:The Robo‐ELF outperformed the rigid scopes in both image quality and range of motion, overcoming line of site constraints, and allowing visualization of otherwise hidden anatomy. The system also demonstrated a rapid learning curve and enhanced motor control over a manually operated flexible endoscope.Conclusions:The Robo‐ELF is a novel robot to assist in driving a flexible endoscope for surgery of the upper aerodigestive tract. Laryngoscope, 121:2371–2374, 2011
Facial nerve outcome with a Peroperative stimulation threshold under 0.05 mA
Authors: Marin Patrick , Pouliot Denis , Fradet Gaétan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the facial nerve outcome postoperatively of schwannoma vestibular surgery with a stimulation threshold (ST) lower than 0.05 mA.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:A total of 106 patients had undergone schwannoma vestibular surgery between 2002 and 2008 in a tertiary center. The ST near the brainstem was obtained after the tumor removal. Facial nerve function was evaluated according to the House‐Brackmann (HB) scale immediately postoperatively and at 1 year. The results were compared among the different STs used: <0.05 mA, 0.05 mA, and >0.05 mA.Results:There were 50 patients who had an ST <0.05 mA, 45 patients who had an ST of 0.05 mA, and 11 patients who had a ST >0.05 mA. Immediately postoperatively, for all of these groups we had a preservation of facial nerve function (HB I‐II) in 94%, 80%, and 36% of patients, respectively (P < .0001). At 1 year in the same groups the preservation of the facial nerve function was 100%, 93%, and 82% of patients, respectively (P < .01).Conclusions:A proximal ST of <0.05 mA is a better predictor of facial nerve function immediately postoperatively. Laryngoscope, 121:2295–2298, 2011
The Movement Disorder Society Evidence‐Based Medicine Review Update: Treatments for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Fox Susan H. , Katzenschlager Regina , Lim Shen‐Yang , Ravina Bernard , Seppi Klaus , Coelho Miguel , Poewe Werner , Rascol Olivier , Goetz Christopher G. , Sampaio Cristina 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe objective was to update previous evidence‐based medicine reviews of treatments for motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease published between 2002 and 2005. Level I (randomized, controlled trial) reports of pharmacological, surgical, and nonpharmacological interventions for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease between January 2004 (2001 for nonpharmacological) and December 2010 were reviewed. Criteria for inclusion, clinical indications, ranking, efficacy conclusions, safety, and implications for clinical practice followed the original program outline and adhered to evidence‐based medicine methodology. Sixty‐eight new studies qualified for review. Piribedil, pramipexole, pramipexole extended release, ropinirole, rotigotine, cabergoline, and pergolide were all efficacious as symptomatic monotherapy; ropinirole prolonged release was likely efficacious. All were efficacious as a symptomatic adjunct except pramipexole extended release, for which there is insufficient evidence. For prevention/delay of motor fluctuations, pramipexole and cabergoline were efficacious, and for prevention/delay of dyskinesia, pramipexole, ropinirole, ropinirole prolonged release, and cabergoline were all efficacious, whereas pergolide was likely efficacious. Duodenal infusion of levodopa was likely efficacious in the treatment of motor complications, but the practice implication is investigational. Entacapone was nonefficacious as a symptomatic adjunct to levodopa in nonfluctuating patients and nonefficacious in the prevention/delay of motor complications. Rasagiline conclusions were revised to efficacious as a symptomatic adjunct, and as treatment for motor fluctuations. Clozapine was efficacious in dyskinesia, but because of safety issues, the practice implication is possibly useful. Bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation, bilateral globus pallidus stimulation, and unilateral pallidotomy were updated to efficacious for motor complications. Physical therapy was revised to likely efficacious as symptomatic adjunct therapy. This evidence‐based medicine review updates the field and highlights gaps for research. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
How to compare scores from different depression scales: equating the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and the ICD‐10‐Symptom Rating (ISR) using Item Response Theory
Authors: Fischer H. Felix , Tritt Karin , Klapp Burghard F. , Fliege Herbert 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA wide range of questionnaires for measuring depression are available. Item Response Theory models can help to evaluate the questionnaires exceeding the boundaries of Classical Test Theory and provide an opportunity to equate the questionnaires.In this study after checking for unidimensionality, a General Partial Credit Model was applied to data from two different depression scales [Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) and ICD‐10‐Symptom Rating (ISR)] obtained in clinical settings from a consecutive sample, including 4517 observations from a total of 2999 inpatients and outpatients of a psychosomatic clinic. The precision of each questionnaire was compared and the model was used to transform scores based on the assumed underlying latent trait.Both instruments were constructed to measure the same construct and their estimates of depression severity are highly correlated. Our analysis showed that the predicted scores provided by the conversion tables are similar to the observed scores in a validation sample.The PHQ‐9 and ISR depression scales measure depression severity across a broad range with similar precision. While the PHQ‐9 shows advantages in measuring low or high depression severity, the ISR is more parsimonious and also suitable for clinical purposes. Furthermore, the equation tables derived in this study enhance the comparability of studies using either one of the instruments, but due to substantial statistical spread the comparison of individual scores is imprecise. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accurate computer‐aided quantification of left ventricular parameters: Experience in 1555 cardiac magnetic resonance studies from the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Hautvast Gilion L. T. F. , Salton Carol J. , Chuang Michael L. , Breeuwer Marcel , O'Donnell Christopher J. , Manning Warren J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractQuantitative analysis of short‐axis functional cardiac magnetic resonance images can be performed using automatic contour detection methods. The resulting myocardial contours must be reviewed and possibly corrected, which can be time‐consuming, particularly when performed across all cardiac phases. We quantified the impact of manual contour corrections on both analysis time and quantitative measurements obtained from left ventricular short‐axis cine images acquired from 1555 participants of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort using computer‐aided contour detection methods. The total analysis time for a single case was 7.6 ± 1.7 min for an average of 221 ± 36 myocardial contours per participant. This included 4.8 ± 1.6 min for manual contour correction of 2% of all automatically detected endocardial contours and 8% of all automatically detected epicardial contours. However, the impact of these corrections on global left ventricular parameters was limited, introducing differences of 0.4 ± 4.1 mL for end‐diastolic volume, −0.3 ± 2.9 mL for end‐systolic volume, 0.7 ± 3.1 mL for stroke volume, and 0.3 ± 1.8% for ejection fraction. We conclude that left ventricular functional parameters can be obtained under 5 min from short‐axis functional cardiac magnetic resonance images using automatic contour detection methods. Manual correction more than doubles analysis time, with minimal impact on left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radiation recall myositis in pediatric Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Hattangadi Jona , Esty Brittany , Winey Brian , Duigenan Shauna , Huang Mary , Yock Torunn 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRadiation recall is a rare and poorly understood phenomenon, characterized by an acute inflammatory reaction within the previously irradiated area, triggered by a precipitating systemic agent. This reaction typically affects the skin, and radiation recall myositis in the absence of cutaneous involvement has rarely been described in the literature. In this report, we present two cases of radiation recall in pediatric Ewing sarcoma patients receiving successive proton radiotherapy and chemotherapy, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of muscle edema within the prior radiation fields. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:570–572. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of allergic reactions to pegasparaginase given intravenously versus intramuscularly
Authors: Pidaparti Mahati , Bostrom Bruce 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundPegasparaginase (PEG) is important for treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Despite conjugation to polyethylene glycol to reduce immunogenicity, allergic reactions still occur and may be severe. Traditionally, PEG is given via intramuscular (IM) injection but recent protocols have shown it can be safely given intravenously (IV), which may be preferred by patients. There is a potential concern that the IV route may result in more severe allergic reactions due to immediate exposure to reactive antibodies in the blood, which is delayed after IM administration. The purpose of our study is to compare the severity and incidence of allergic reactions with IV versus IM PEG. We are unaware of any prior studies examining this.ProcedureWe reviewed all patients with ALL diagnosed from 2005 to 2010 inclusive who received PEG and had an allergic reaction. Reactions were graded using both common toxicity criteria (CTC) 3.0 and 4.0.ResultsAllergic reactions were seen in 17 of 186 (9%) newly diagnosed patients receiving IM PEG and 4 of 11 (36%) receiving IV PEG; P = 0.019. The severity of reaction was not increased with IV versus IM. Allergic reactions occurred more frequently in high‐risk patients (14 of 85; 16%) versus standard risk (7 of 112; 6%), P = 0.034.ConclusionsThere appears to be an increased incidence of allergic reactions in patients who receive IV PEG compared with IM although the severity is similar. In addition high‐risk patients appear to have more allergic reactions than standard risk. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:436–439. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quality Evaluation of a Herbal Prescription Through Quantification of 40 Components by HPLC–ESI–MS/MS
Authors: Liu Man , Liu Songchen , Shi Xiaowei , Liu Minyan , Zhang Yingfeng Du’ Lantong , Wang Qiao 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe Kang‐nao‐shuai (KNS) capsule is a combined herbal prescription used in the treatment of insomnia, amnesia, neurasthenia, age‐related dementia and brain injuries. Multiple constituents are considered to be responsible for the therapeutic effects of this herbal prescription. However, the quality control of the multicomponents is limited.ObjectiveTo establish a liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation–mass spectrometry method for the analysis of 40 constituents in KNS capsules.MethodologyThe optimal chromatographic conditions were achieved on an Agilent C18‐column with a gradient elution that consisted of methanol and 0.1% formic acid in water. The precursor and product ions of analytes were monitored on a hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer in positive and negative mode respectively using multiple‐reaction monitoring.ResultsA total of 40 constituents including organic acid, flavonoid, quinone, terpene, alkaloid and saponin were quantified, most of the 40 components were determined for the first time in the KNS capsule. A quantitative HPLC–ESI–MS/MS method allowing the quantification of 40 marker compounds was optimised and validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, stability, specificity and limits of detection and quantification. The method was successfully applied to analyse 10 batches of KNS capsule.ConclusionThe established method is simple and can be used as a tool for quality evaluation and control of this natural product. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The UK government's new mental health strategy: uncosted and unrealistic
Authors: Murphy Baroness 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEarlier this year, the first ever cross‐governmental mental health strategy was launched, laying out plans for the future of mental healthcare in England.1 The Government has recognised that mental health is not simply a Department of Health issue in isolation but that it affects every area of a person's life and impacts upon their ability to play an active role in society. The strategy, however, is woolly, uncosted and lacks an implementation plan. It also fails to focus on the profound level of unmet service needs of people with serious mental illness. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
New developments in the detection and treatment of depression in cancer settings
Authors: Mitchell Alex J 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDepression is perhaps the most important mental health complication of cancer. While major depression is relatively uncommon and often missed, clinically significant mood disorders can occur in about 40 per cent of patients. In this review, Dr Mitchell discusses screening for depression in patients in cancer settings and outlines the current treatment options. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Fear of cancer recurrence: a systematic literature review of self‐report measures
Authors: Thewes Belinda , Butow Phillis , Zachariae Robert , Christensen Soren , Simard Sébastien , Gotay Carolyn 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundPrior research has shown that many cancer survivors experience ongoing fears of cancer recurrence (FCR) and that this chronic uncertainty of health status during and after cancer treatment can be a significant psychological burden. The field of research on FCR is an emerging area of investigation in the cancer survivorship literature, and several standardised instruments for its assessment have been developed.AimsThis review aims to identify all available FCR‐specific questionnaires and subscales and critically appraise their properties.MethodsA systematic review was undertaken to identify instruments measuring FCR. Relevant studies were identified via Medline (1950–2010), CINAHL (1982–2010), PsycINFO (1967–2010) and AMED (1985–2010) databases, reference lists of articles and reviews, grey literature databases and consultation with experts in the field. The Medical Outcomes Trust criteria were used to examine the psychometric properties of the questionnaires.ResultsA total of 20 relevant multi‐item measures were identified. The majority of instruments have demonstrated reliability and preliminary evidence of validity. Relatively few brief measures (2–10 items) were found to have comprehensive validation and reliability data available. Several valid and reliable longer measures (>10 items) are available. Three have developed short forms that may prove useful as screening tools.ConclusionsThis analysis indicated that further refinement and validation of existing instruments is required. Valid and reliable instruments are needed for both research and clinical care. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of socioeconomic status as measured by education level on survival in breast cancer clinical trials
Authors: Herndon James E. , Kornblith Alice B. , Holland Jimmie C. , Paskett Electra D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectivesThis paper aims to investigate the effect of socioeconomic status, as measured by education, on the survival of breast cancer patients treated on 10 studies conducted by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B.MethodsSociodemographic data, including education, were reported by the patient at trial enrollment. Cox proportional hazards model stratified by treatment arm/study was used to examine the effect of education on survival among patients with early stage and metastatic breast cancer, after adjustment for known prognostic factors.ResultsThe patient population included 1020 patients with metastatic disease and 5146 patients with early stage disease. Among metastatic patients, factors associated with poorer survival in the final multivariable model included African American race, never married, negative estrogen receptor status, prior hormonal therapy, visceral involvement, and bone involvement. Among early stage patients, significant factors associated with poorer survival included African American race, separated/widowed, post/perimenopausal, negative/unknown estrogen receptor status, negative progesterone receptor status, >4 positive nodes, tumor diameter >2 cm, and education. Having not completed high school was associated with poorer survival among early stage patients. Among metastatic patients, non‐African American women who lacked a high school degree had poorer survival than other non‐African American women, and African American women who lacked a high school education had better survival than educated African American women.ConclusionsHaving less than a high school education is a risk factor for death among patients with early stage breast cancer who participated in a clinical trial, with its impact among metastatic patients being less clear. Post‐trial survivorship plans need to focus on women with low social status, as measured by education. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethanol and methanol sensing characteristics of Nb‐doped TiO2 porous thin films
Authors: Nechita Violeta , Schoonman Joop , Musat Viorica 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUndoped and Nb‐doped TiO2 porous thin films have been obtained through a sol–gel method using analytical grades Ti(OiC3H7)4 and Nb(OC2H5)5 as precursors. The morphology, crystalline microstructure, and the sensing properties towards ethanol and methanol of the obtained thin films have been investigated. The effects of the dopant on the film morphology and on alcohol sensing properties are discussed. Both direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) measurements were performed at different temperatures in methanol and ethanol ambients to better understand the mechanisms of the alcohol detection. In the presence of a small amount of Nb, the activation energy for electrical conduction decreased. Nb doping improves the selectivity for methanol in the temperature range of 300–400 °C. The Nyquist diagrams showed complex phenomena during alcohol detection.
Assessment on thermoelectric power factor in silicon nanowire networks
Authors: Lohn Andrew J. , Coleman Elane , Tompa Gary S. , Kobayashi Nobuhiko P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThermoelectric devices based on three‐dimensional networks of highly interconnected silicon nanowires were fabricated and the parameters that contribute to the power factor, namely the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity were assessed. The large area (2 cm × 2 cm) devices were fabricated at low cost utilizing a highly scalable process involving silicon nanowires grown on steel substrates. Temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient was found to be weak over the range of 20–80 °C at approximately −400 µV/K for unintentionally doped devices and ±50 µV/K for p‐type and n‐type devices, respectively.
Hydrodynamic Manipulation of DNA in Nanopost Arrays: Unhooking Dynamics and Size Separation
Authors: Viero Yannick , He Qihao , Bancaud Aurélien 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMicro‐ or nanofabricated obstacle arrays are widely used as model matrices to perform fast DNA separations by electrophoresis. In this report, a gallery of obstacles of radii spanning from 40 to 250 nm are used to investigate the dynamics of hydrodynamic‐field‐driven DNA–nanopost collisions at the single‐molecule level. The data shows that DNA disengagement dynamics are reasonably well described by conventional electrophoretic models in the limit of a large spacing between obstacles and for moderate migration velocities. It is also demonstrated that the use of hydrodynamic flow fields to convey DNA molecules is associated with changes in the configurational space of hooking events, and to altered relaxation dynamics between consecutive collisions. This study defines experimental conditions for the efficient separation of DNA fragments of tens of base pairs, and provides a complete framework by which to understand the behavior of DNA in the course of hydrodynamic‐driven migrations through nanopost arrays.