bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The State Made Flesh: Catholic Social Teaching and the Challenge of UK Asylum Seeking
Authors: Rowlands Anna 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between official Catholic Social Teaching on forced migration and contemporary issues in forced migration as they are experienced in a UK context. Using the work of Hannah Arendt on judgement and responsibility and Charles Taylor's analysis of the dynamics of democratic exclusion this paper concludes with a suggestion for two areas for further analysis: theological reflection on the dialectics of inclusion and exclusion in democratic nation-states; further attention to the neglected category of commutative justice as it relates to migration experience and the terms of the common good.
A Low‐Loss Fully Embedded Stripline Parallel Coupled BPF for Applications using the 60 GHz Band
Authors: Schulz Alexander , Rentsch Sven , Xia Lei , Mueller Robert , Mueller Jens 
Published: February 2012

This article presents a low‐loss fully embedded bandpass filter (BPF) using low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) for multilayer System‐in‐Package (SiP) and Multi‐Chip‐Module (MCM) applications, for example, wireless applications for the unlicensed 60 GHz band. Critical coupling gaps of conventional bandpass filters in this frequency range, which are not suitable for screen printing, could be eased by introducing coupling plates in adjacent layers. The four‐layer BPF is designed for Du Pont's 9k7 LTCC system, and occupies a substrate area of 5.6 × 2.1 × 0.42 mm3 including transitions and a shielding via fence. The filter, including the two grounded coplanar waveguide transmission line (CPWg) to stripline transitions, has a measured insertion loss of 1.5 dB at the center frequency 58 GHz, and a return loss of less than −10 dB over the 11 GHz 3 dB passband.
Pathology of Lacunar Ischemic Stroke in Humans—A Systematic Review
Authors: Bailey Emma L. , Smith Colin , Sudlow Cathie L. M. , Wardlaw Joanna M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTwenty‐five percent of ischemic strokes are lacunar in type, but the cause remains unclear. Pathological descriptions of lacunar lesions are available but have not been systematically assessed. We therefore systematically summarized studies describing lacunar lesions by extracting data on the number of patients and lesions, clinical details, pathological methods, brain regions and/or vessels examined, and both parenchymal and vascular findings.Among 39 papers describing >4000 lesions (>50% from one study), 15 papers examined patients with a clinical lacunar syndrome. Terminology varied, many studies only reported macroscopic pathology and many lesions were cavitated (ie, old). Aside from symptomatic lesions occurring more often in the internal capsule or caudate nucleus, we found no other differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Perivascular edema and thickening, inflammation and disintegration of the arteriolar wall were common, whereas vessel occlusion was rare.The causal mechanisms of lacunar stroke remain poorly defined because of methodological inconsistencies and challenges. Standardised pathological definitions based on well‐characterized post‐mortem derived material supported by detailed clinical and imaging data are needed.
Molecular Beacon Probes of Oligonucleotides Photodamaged by Psoralen
Authors: Shire Zahra J. , Loppnow Glen R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractUltraviolet A (UVA)‐irradiated 4′‐hydroxymethyl‐4,5′,8‐trimethyl psoralen (HMT) in the presence of a poly‐dT17 and dA7TTA8 oligonucleotides produces HMT–dT17 and HMT–dA7TTA8 adducts in aqueous solution. In this article, we determine whether these HMT–dT17 and HMT–dA7TTA8 adducts can be detected with a molecular beacon (MB) probe. We measure the degree of damage in dT17 and dA7TTA8 solutions containing UVA‐activated HMT via monitoring the decrease in MB fluorescence. Photoproduct formation is confirmed by MALDI‐TOF MS (matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐fight mass spectrometry measurements) and absorption spectroscopy. The MB fluorescence decreases upon UVA irradiation in the presence of HMT with a single‐exponential time constants of 114.2 ± 6.5 min for HMT–dT17 adducts and 677.8 ± 181.8 min for HMT–dA7TTA8 adducts. Our results show that fluorescent MB probes are a selective, robust and accurate tool for detecting UVA‐activated HMT‐induced DNA damage.
Prevalence and clinical pattern of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a semi‐urban area of Bangladesh
Authors: Azam, Shaiful , Dipti Tanjeem , Rahman Shahana 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and clinical pattern of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in a semi‐urban area of Bangladesh.MethodologyA cross‐sectional study was carried out among 16 270 children who were selected by using multistage sampling technique from a community of approximately 105 986 children in the Narayanganj district, Bangladesh. Duration of the study was from November 2008 to December 2009. Examinations of the suspected JIA patients were done by the authors in the community as well as in the pediatric rheumatology follow‐up clinic at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh.ResultsThe estimated point prevalence of JIA was 60.5 per 100 000 children. In total 10 patients were identified among 16 270 children. Girl : boy ratio was 2.3 : 1.0. The subgroup distribution showed oligoarticular JIA in the majority of patients (60%).ConclusionsPrevalence of JIA in this study in a semi‐urban area of Bangladesh was consistent with established population‐based studies in developed countries. Clinical pattern of JIA patients also had similarities with reports from Western countries.
Low C3 levels is associated with neutropenia in a proportion of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome: retrospective analysis
Authors: Kim Ki‐Jo , Kwok Seung‐Ki , Park Yun‐Jung , Kim Wan‐Uk , Cho Chul‐Soo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis. MDS patients are known to manifest overt rheumatic manifestations and have distinct immunological abnormalities but their clinical significance has yet to be elucidated.AimTo investigate the prevalence of autoimmune or rheumatic manifestations in the course of MDS and serological immunological abnormalities which have been detected at presentation and to determine their clinical significance.MethodsOne hundred and eleven patients diagnosed as having MSD between 2001 and 2004 were identified. Their clinical and serologic features on medical records were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsOf 111 patients with MDS, 25 showed 27 autoimmune or rheumatic manifestations. On dividing the cohort into two groups, with and without autoimmune or rheumatic manifestations, the two groups were not statistically different in survival. Serological immunological abnormalities were observed by variable rate, but had no association with compatible clinical manifestations. C3 hypocomplementemia was observed as high as 45.9% and the C3 hypocomplementemic subgroup had more severe cytopenia of red cell and white cell lineages and was dominant in the low‐risk International Prognostic Scoring System category.ConclusionsOur data indicates that a distinct subset of MDS, demonstrating complement activation, has more severe cytopenias, which suggest complement activation contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune cytopenia in MDS.
Streptococcus pyogenes infection of tonsil explants is associated with a human β‐defensin 1 response from control but not recurrent acute tonsillitis patients
Authors: Bell S. , Howard A. , Wilson J.A. , Abbot E.L. , Smith W.D. , Townes C.L. , Hirst B.H. , Hall J. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryHost defence peptides (HDP), including the defensins and hCAP‐18, function as part of the innate immune defences, protecting the host epithelia from microbial attachment and invasion. Recurrent acute tonsillitis (RAT), in which patients suffer repeated symptomatic tonsil infections, is linked to Streptococcus pyogenes, a group A streptococcus, and may reflect the impaired expression of such peptides. To address this, the defensin and hCAP‐18 messenger RNA expression profiles of 54 tonsils excised from control and RAT patients undergoing tonsillectomy were quantified and compared. Marked variation in expression was observed between individuals from the two groups, but statistically no significant differences were identified, suggesting that at the time of surgery the tonsil epithelial HDP barrier was not compromised in RAT subjects. Surgical removal of the tonsils occurs in a quiescent phase of disease, and so to assess the effects of an active bacterial infection, HaCaT cells an in vitro model of the tonsil epithelium, and explants of patient tonsils maintained in vitro were challenged with S. pyogenes. The HaCaT data supported the reduced expression of hCAP‐18/LL‐37, human β‐defensin 1 (HBD1;P < 0.01) and HBD2 (P < 0.05), consistent with decreased protection of the epithelial barrier. The tonsil explant data, although not as definitive, showed similar trends apart from HBD1 expression, which in the control tonsils but not the RAT patient tonsils was characterized by increased expression (P < 0.01). These data suggest that in vivo HBD1 may play a critical role in protecting the tonsil epithelia from S. pyogenes.
Alp, an Arthropod-Associated Outer Membrane Protein of Borrelia Species That Cause Relapsing Fever
Authors: Marcsisin Renee A. , Campeau Shelley A. , Lopez Job E. , Barbour Alan G. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT

Borrelia hermsii
and other relapsing fever (RF) species are noted for their highly polymorphic surface antigens, the variable major proteins (VMP). Less is known about other surface proteins of these pathogens in either their vertebrate reservoirs or arthropod vectors. To further characterize these proteins, we elicited antibodies against VMP-less cells, noted antibody reactions against whole cells and cell components, and then subjected selected antigens to mass spectroscopy for amino acid sequencing for comparison against a
B. hermsii
genome database. One of the derived monoclonal antibodies, H0120, agglutinated spirochetes, and in Western blot analyses, it bound to a 14-kDa protein of whole cells and their membrane fractions but not after protease treatment. A search of open reading frames of the
B. hermsii
genome with extracted peptides identified the 14-kDa protein with
bha128
, a 453-nucleotide gene of the 175-kb linear plasmid. The
bha128
gene was synthesized and expressed in
Escherichia coli
. The protein product was bound by antibody H0120. Genes homologous to
bha128
occur in the RF species
Borrelia turicatae
,
B. duttonii
, and
B. recurrentis
but not in Lyme disease
Borrelia
species or other organisms. The following findings indicated an association of BHA128, renamed Alp, with the tick environment: (i) Alp was produced at higher levels at 23°C than at 34°C; (ii) almost all spirochetes in tick salivary glands were bound by the H0120 antibody, but only ∼1% of spirochetes in the blood of infected mice were bound; and (iii) infected mice produced antibodies to several
B. hermsii
antigens but not detectably to native or recombinant Alp.
International disease monitoring, October to December 2011
Authors: Roberts H. , Lopez M. 
Published: February 2012

African swine fever continues to spread in west Russia
Second outbreak of foot‐and‐mouth disease in Paraguay means that deboned and matured beef meat exports to the EU are still suspended
Highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds and domestic poultry in south‐east Asia
Emergence of a new virus (Schmallenberg virus) in ruminants in northern Europe
These are among matters discussed in the international disease monitoring report for October to December 2011, prepared by Defra's Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency
K-shell ionization cross sections of K and Lα X-ray production cross sections of I by 10–30 keV electron impact
Authors: Wu Y. , An Z. , Duan Y.M. , Liu M.T. , Ouyang X.P. 
Published: February 2012

The absolute K-shell ionization cross sections of K and Lα X-ray production cross sections of I by 10–30 keV electron impact have been measured. The target was prepared by evaporating a thin film of compound KI to a thick pure carbon substrate. The effects of multiple scattering of electrons penetrating the target films, electrons reflected from the thick pure carbon substrates and bremsstrahlung photons produced when incident electrons impacted on the targets were corrected by using the Monte Carlo method. For K K-shell and I L-shell X-ray characteristic peaks, the spectra were fitted using the spectrum-fitting program ALLFIT to extract the Kα and Kβ peak counts more accurately for element K, and Lα peak counts for element I. The experimental results were compared with some theoretical results developed recently and available experimental data from the literature. The experimental data for I L-shell X-ray production cross sections by 10–30 keV electron impact are given here for the first time.
Analogue and numerical modelling of salt supply to a diapiric structure rising above an active basement fault
Authors: Burliga StanisŁaw , Koyi Hemin A. , Chemia Zurab 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Salt diapirs preferably rise above basement faults in extensional basins. A series of analogue and numerical models were developed in order to assess the supply of salt from the footwall and hanging wall to a diapir and to study the influence of basin inversion on the diapir development. The modelling scenario was based on the Kłodawa Salt Structure evolution (central Poland). The experiments show that the ductile material derived from the footwall constitutes the dominant portion of the diapir developed due to model extension, and this material occurs both in the footwall and hanging wall parts of the diapir. Shortening of the analogue models resulted in thinning of the diapir and shifting its stem onto the footwall. Ductile material become redistributed inside the diapir, however footwall material still prevails in the diapir structure. Results from the numerical models show that the magnitude of the basement fault governs the amount of salt supply to a diapir across the fault and that there is a differential salt supply from the hanging wall and footwall with time.
A dialog-based architecture for interactive information systems
Authors: Lustman Francois , Mercier Pierre , Gratton Luc 
Published: February 2012

Interactive systems may be defined as having the following behavior: a) the user's request is processed as soon as it is received and b) the result is presented to the user on the same medium, i.e. the screen, as soon as it is available. Interactive Information Systems (IIS), identify those systems often encountered in the business world, which consist of many input-output operations and little, simple processing.
In the past few years, interest for IIS has been growing (see JAC 83, MAS83, DRA84): the man-machine interface has received special attention, due to the profile of the user who is not a computer specialist. Very few attempts however, have been made to design an architecture for this class of systems, although their characteristics have definite general design consequences.
In this article, we will start by investigating the characteristics of IIS. A presentation of ISA (Interactive System Architecture) will follow, showing the main features of the proposed model. The discussion will then concentrate on the use of finite state machines and on the limitations of ISA.
Regulating the TRAIL of Destruction: How A20 Protects Glioblastomas from TRAIL-Mediated Death
Authors: Verbrugge Inge , Johnstone Ricky W. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Bellail and colleagues unravel how overexpression of the ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20 results in TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) resistance in glioblastoma. After TRAIL receptor stimulation, A20 mediates the polyubiquitination of RIP1 at the TRAIL receptor tail, resulting in the interaction of the polyubiquin chain to procaspase-8 that is recruited to the TRAIL-bound receptors. The inability of ubiquitin-bound procaspase-8 to be dimerized and activated prevents the execution of the apoptotic program. Cancer Discovery; 2(2); 112–4. ©2012 AACR.
Commentary on Bellail et al., p. 140.
Field emission from in situ-grown vertically aligned SnO2 nanowire arrays
Authors: Zhou Zhihua , Wu Jiang , Li Handong , Wang Zhiming 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Vertically aligned SnO2 nanowire arrays have been in situ fabricated on a silicon substrate via thermal evaporation method in the presence of a Pt catalyst. The field emission properties of the SnO2 nanowire arrays have been investigated. Low turn-on fields of 1.6 to 2.8 V/μm were obtained at anode-cathode separations of 100 to 200 μm. The current density fluctuation was lower than 5% during a 120-min stability test measured at a fixed applied electric field of 5 V/μm. The favorable field-emission performance indicates that the fabricated SnO2 nanowire arrays are promising candidates as field emitters.
The feasibility of age-specific travel restrictions during influenza pandemics
Authors: Lam Elson HY , Cowling Benjamin J , Cook Alex R , Wong Jessica YT , Lau Max SY , Nishiura Hiroshi 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
Epidemiological studies have shown that imposing travel restrictions to prevent or delay an influenza pandemic may not be feasible. To delay an epidemic substantially, an extremely high proportion of trips (~99%) would have to be restricted in a homogeneously mixing population. Influenza is, however, strongly influenced by age-dependent transmission dynamics, and the effectiveness of age-specific travel restrictions, such as the selective restriction of travel by children, has yet to be examined.

Methods
A simple stochastic model was developed to describe the importation of infectious cases into a population and to model local chains of transmission seeded by imported cases. The probability of a local epidemic, and the time period until a major epidemic takes off, were used as outcome measures, and travel restriction policies in which children or adults were preferentially restricted were compared to age-blind restriction policies using an age-dependent next generation matrix parameterized for influenza H1N1-2009.

Results
Restricting children from travelling would yield greater reductions to the short-term risk of the epidemic being established locally than other policy options considered, and potentially could delay an epidemic for a few weeks. However, given a scenario with a total of 500 imported cases over a period of a few months, a substantial reduction in the probability of an epidemic in this time period is possible only if the transmission potential were low and assortativity (i.e. the proportion of contacts within-group) were unrealistically high. In all other scenarios considered, age-structured travel restrictions would not prevent an epidemic and would not delay the epidemic for longer than a few weeks.

Conclusions
Selectively restricting children from traveling overseas during a pandemic may potentially delay its arrival for a few weeks, depending on the characteristics of the pandemic strain, but could have less of an impact on the economy compared to restricting adult travelers. However, as long as adults have at least a moderate potential to trigger an epidemic, selectively restricting the higher risk group (children) may not be a practical option to delay the arrival of an epidemic substantially.
Correlation of psychomotor findings and the ability to partially weight bear
Authors: Ruckstuhl Thomas , Osterhoff Georg , Zuffellato Michael , Favre Philippe , Werner Clément ML 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
Partial weight bearing is thought to avoid excessive loading that may interfere with the healing process after surgery of the pelvis or the lower extremity. The object of this study was to investigate the relationship between the ability to partially weight bear and the patient's psychomotor skills and an additional evaluation of the possibility to predict this ability with a standardized psychomotor test.

Methods
50 patients with a prescribed partial weight bearing at a target load of 15 kg following surgery were verbally instructed by a physical therapist. After the instruction and sufficient training with the physical therapist vertical ground reaction forces using matrix insoles were measured while walking with forearm crutches. Additionally, psychomotor skills were tested with the Motorische Leistungsserie (MLS). To test for correlations Spearman's Rank correlation was used. For further comparison of the two groups a Mann-Withney test was performed using Bonferroni correction.

Results
The patient's age and body weight significantly correlated with the ability to partially weight bear at a 15 kg target load. There were significant correlations between several subtests of the MLS and ground reaction forces measured while walking with crutches. Patients that were able to correctly perform partial weight bearing showed significant better psychomotor skills especially for those subtests where both hands had to be coordinated simultaneously.

Conclusions
The ability to partially weight bear is associated with psychomotor skills. The MLS seems to be a tool that helps predicting the ability to keep within the prescribed load limits.
Mechanism of nitrogen metabolism-related parameters and enzyme activities in the pathophysiology of autism
Authors: Abu Shmais Ghada A , Al-Ayadhi Laila Y , Al-Dbass Abeer M , El-Ansary Afaf K 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
There is evidence that impaired metabolism play an important role in the etiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Although this has not been investigated to date, several recent studies proposed that nitrogen metabolism-related parameters may have a pathophysiological role in autism.

Methods
The study enrolled 20 Saudi boys with autism aged 4 to 12 years and 20 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Levels of creatine, urea, ammonia, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate:glutamine (Glu:Gln) ratio, and enzymatic activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, 5'-nucleotidase, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) were determined in plasma samples from both groups.

Results
We found a significant elevation of creatine, 5'-nucleotidase, GABA, and glutamic acid and a significant decrease in the enzymatic activity of ADA and glutamine level in patients with autism compared with healthy controls. The most significant variation between the two groups was found in the Glu:Gln ratio.

Conclusion
A raised Glu:Gln ratio together with positive correlations in creatine, GABA, and 5'-nucleotidase levels could contribute to the pathophysiology of autism, and might be useful diagnostic markers. The mechanism through which these parameters might be related to autism is discussed in detail.