bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin Infusion During Normoglycemia Modulates Insulin Secretion According to Whole-Body Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Anderwald Christian , Tura Andrea , Grassi Angela , Krebs Michael , Szendroedi Julia , Roden Michael , Bischof Martin G. , Luger Anton , Pacini Giovanni 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
Glucose is the major stimulus for insulin release. Time course and amount of insulin secreted after glycemic stimulus are different between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and healthy subjects. In rodents, it was demonstrated that insulin can modulate its own release. Previous studies in humans yielded contrasting results: Insulin was shown to have an enhancing effect, no effect, or a suppressive effect on its own secretion. Thus, we aimed to evaluate short-term effects of human insulin infusion on insulin secretion during normoglycemia in healthy humans and T2DM subjects of both sex.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Hyperinsulinemic-isoglycemic clamps with whole-body insulin-sensitivity (M) and C-peptide measurements for insulin secretion modeling were performed in 65 insulin-sensitive (IS) subjects (45 ± 1 year, BMI: 24.8 ± 0.5 kg/m2), 17 insulin-resistant (IR) subjects (46 ± 2 years, 28.1 ± 1.3 kg/m2), and 20 T2DM patients (56 ± 2 years, 28.0 ± 0.8 kg/m2; HbA1c = 6.7 ± 0.1%).

RESULTS
IS subjects (M = 8.8 ± 0.3 mg · min−1 · kg−1) had higher (P &lt; 0.00001) whole-body insulin sensitivity than IR subjects (M = 4.0 ± 0.2) and T2DM patients (M = 4.3 ± 0.5). Insulin secretion profiles during clamp were different (P &lt; 0.00001) among the groups, increasing in IS subjects (slope: 0.56 ± 0.11 pmol/min2) but declining in IR (−0.41 ± 0.14) and T2DM (−0.87 ± 0.12, P &lt; 0.00002 IR and T2DM vs. IS) subjects. Insulin secretion changes during clamp directly correlated with M (r = 0.6, P &lt; 0.00001).

CONCLUSIONS
Insulin release during normoglycemia can be modulated by exogenous insulin infusion and directly depends on whole-body insulin sensitivity. Thus, in highly sensitive subjects, insulin increases its own secretion. On the other hand, a suppressive effect of insulin on its own secretion occurs in IR and T2DM subjects.
Web-Based Depression Treatment for Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: van Bastelaar Kim M.P. , Pouwer François , Cuijpers Pim , Riper Heleen , Snoek Frank J. 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
Comorbid depression is common in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, adversely affecting quality of life, diabetes outcomes, and mortality. Depression can be effectively treated with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). The Internet is a new and attractive method for delivering CBT intervention on a large scale at relatively low costs. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Web-based CBT for depression treatment in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, with minimal guidance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Netherlands in 255 adult diabetic patients with elevated depressive symptoms. Primary outcomes were depressive symptoms. Secondary outcomes were diabetes-specific emotional distress and glycemic control. Assessments were at baseline, after treatment, and at the 1-month follow-up.

RESULTS
The Web-based CBT was effective in reducing depressive symptoms by intention-to-treat analyses (P = 0.04, d = 0.29; clinical improvement 41% vs. 24% P &lt; 0.001) and by per-protocol analyses (P &lt; 0.001, d = 0.70; clinical improvement, 56% vs. 24% P &lt; 0.001). The intervention reduced diabetes-specific emotional distress (P = 0.03) but had no beneficial effect on glycemic control (P &gt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Web-based CBT depression treatment is effective in reducing depressive symptoms in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In addition, the intervention reduces diabetes-specific emotional distress in depressed patients.
Association Between Periodontitis and Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes
Authors: Choi Youn-Hee , McKeown Robert E. , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J. , Liese Angela D. , Song Keun-Bae , Merchant Anwar T. 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
Many studies have reported that periodontal disease is associated with diabetes, but its relation with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) has been understudied. This study investigated the relationship between chronic periodontitis, IFG, and diabetes in the U.S. population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, aged ≥20 years, who received periodontal examinations and provided blood samples (n = 12,254) were grouped into quintiles of mean clinical attachment loss (CAL) and pocket depth, with the lowest category being the reference. Plasma fasting glucose was categorized into three groups (normal, &lt;100 mg/dL; IFG, ≥100 but &lt;126 mg/dL; and diabetic, ≥126 mg/dL). Sociodemographic factors and other potential risk factors were obtained by interview or examination. SAS 9.1 was used for statistical analysis accounting for the complex weighted sampling.

RESULTS
Participants in the top quintile category of CAL had higher prevalence odds of IFG (odds ratio [OR] 1.55 [95% CI 1.16–2.07]) and diabetes (4.77 [2.69–8.46]) after adjustment for related confounders, compared with those in the bottom quintile. The highest quintile of pocket depth was positively associated with IFG (1.39 [1.00–1.92]) and diabetes (1.63 [1.10–2.42]) compared with the lowest quintile. ORs for CAL increased from the lowest to the highest quintile (P value test for trend &lt;0.01) for all outcomes. The ORs for pocket depth also tended to rise across quintiles.

CONCLUSIONS
Chronic periodontitis measured by CAL and pocket depth was positively associated in a linear relation with IFG and diabetes in U.S. adults.
Better Glycemic Control Is Associated With Maintenance of Lower-Extremity Function Over Time in Mexican American and European American Older Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Wang Chen-Pin , Hazuda Helen P. 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
Diabetes is a major cause of functional decline among older adults, but the role of glycemic control remains unclear. This article assesses whether better glycemic control is associated with better maintenance of lower-extremity function over time in older adults with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants (n = 119) in the San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging, ages 71–85, who met American Diabetes Association diabetes criteria were followed over a 36-month period. Seven measures of A1C (HbA1c) were obtained at 6-month intervals; three measures of lower-extremity function were obtained at 18-month intervals using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). A two-step analytic approach was used, first, to identify distinct glycemic control classes using latent growth mixture modeling and, second, to examine trajectories of lower-extremity function based on these classes using path analysis.

RESULTS
Two glycemic control classes were identified: a poorer control class with higher means (all &gt;7%) and higher within-subject variability in HbA1c and a better control class with lower means (all &lt;7%) and lower within-subject variability. The short-term and long-term maintenance of lower-extremity function, assessed by the association between the first and second SPPB measures and the first and third SPPB measures, were both greater in the better control class than in the poorer control class.

CONCLUSIONS
Among older adults with diabetes, better glycemic control may improve both short-term and long-term maintenance of lower-extremity function.
Suboptimal Performance of Blood Glucose Meters in an Antenatal Diabetes Clinic
Authors: Perera Nimalie Jacintha , Molyneaux Lynda , Constantino Maria Ines , McGill Marg , Yue Dennis Koon-See , Twigg Stephen Morris , Ross Glynis Pauline 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of blood glucose meters in diabetes associated with pregnancy (DP).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Finger-prick blood glucose levels measured using six different glucose meters on 102 patients with DP attending an antenatal clinic were compared with laboratory plasma glucose results. HbA1c and hematocrit were also measured.

RESULTS
The plasma glucose range was 2.2–9.4 mmol/L with hematocrit 33–37% and mean HbA1c 5.5% ± 0.56 (SD). All meters provided plasma equivalent results except one, which reported whole blood glucose that was adjusted to plasma equivalent values. The absolute glucose difference [meter − plasma glucose] was 0.232 ± 0.69 to 0.725 ± 0.62 mmol/L mean ± SD and bias ranged from 6.1 to 15.8%. Two meters were affected by hematocrit &lt;36% (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Blood glucose meters in current use are not optimally accurate when compared with plasma glucose measurement in DP. Recognition of this deviation is essential to prevent inappropriate treatment of DP.
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Predictive Validity of a Psychosocial Screening Program for Children and Youth Newly Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Schwartz David D. , Cline Virginia Depp , Axelrad Marni E. , Anderson Barbara J. 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
Psychosocial screening has been recommended for pediatric patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and their families. Our objective was to assess a psychosocial screening protocol in its feasibility, acceptability to families, and ability to predict early emerging complications, nonadherent family behavior, and use of preventive psychology services.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 125 patients and their caregivers were asked to participate in a standardized screening interview after admission at a large urban children’s hospital with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Medical records were reviewed for subsequent diabetes-related emergency department (ED) admissions, missed diabetes clinic appointments, and psychology follow-up within 9 months of diagnosis.

RESULTS
Of 125 families, 121 (96.8%) agreed to participate in the screening, and a subsample of 30 surveyed caregivers indicated high levels of satisfaction. Risk factors at diagnosis predicted subsequent ED admissions with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 98.6%. Children from single-parent households with a history of behavior problems were nearly six times more likely to be seen in the ED after diagnosis. Missed appointments were likeliest among African Americans, 65% of whom missed at least one diabetes-related appointment. Psychology services for preventive intervention were underutilized, despite the high acceptability of the psychosocial screening.

CONCLUSIONS
Psychosocial screening of newly diagnosed patients with type 1 diabetes is feasible, acceptable to families, and able to identify families at risk for early emerging complications and nonadherence. Challenges remain with regards to reimbursement and fostering follow-up for preventive care.
Efficacy of Insulin Analogs in Achieving the Hemoglobin A1c Target of &lt;7% in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Giugliano Dario , Maiorino Maria Ida , Bellastella Giuseppe , Chiodini Paolo , Ceriello Antonio , Esposito Katherine 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
Insulin analogs are increasingly used in patients with type 2 diabetes. We compared the effect of basal, biphasic, prandial, and basal-bolus insulin regimens with insulin analogs to reach the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) target of &lt;7% in people with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted an electronic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving insulin analogs. RCTs were included if they lasted at least 12 weeks, reported the proportion of diabetic patients reaching the HbA1c target of &lt;7% (primary outcome), and the number of patients in any arm was &gt;30.

RESULTS
We found 16 RCTs, with 20 comparisons and 7,759 patients. A greater proportion of patients achieved the HbA1c goal of &lt;7% with both biphasic (odds ratio 1.88 [95% CI 1.38–2.55]) and prandial (2.07 [1.16–3.69]) insulin compared with basal insulin; this was associated for biphasic insulin with greater hypoglycemia (event/patient/30 days, mean difference, 0.34 [range 0–0.69]) and weight gain in kg (1.0 kg [0.28–1.73]). Compared with biphasic insulin, the basal-bolus regimen was associated with a greater chance to reach the HbA1c goal (odds ratio 1.75 [95% CI 1.11–2.77]), with no greater hypoglycemia or weight gain. The effect of insulin analogs on long-term diabetes complications is still lacking.

CONCLUSIONS
A greater proportion of type 2 diabetic patients can achieve the HbA1c goal &lt;7% with biphasic or prandial insulin compared with basal insulin; in absolute terms, the basal-bolus regimen was best for the attainment of the HbA1c goal.
The Association Between Maternal Glucose Concentration and Child BMI at Age 3 Years
Authors: Deierlein Andrea L. , Siega-Riz Anna Maria , Chantala Kim , Herring Amy H. 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to determine the association between child BMI at age 3 years and maternal glucose concentration among women without pre-existing diabetes or a gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data are from the Pregnancy Infection and Nutrition and Postpartum studies and include 263 mother-child pairs. Measured weights and heights at 3 years were used to calculate age- and sex-specific BMI z scores and percentiles. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations of continuous BMI z scores with maternal glucose concentration. Modified Poisson regression estimated risk ratios of child overweight/obesity (BMI ≥85th percentile).

RESULTS
The mean (SD) maternal glucose concentration and prepregnancy BMI were 103.8 (23.7) mg/dL and 24.3 (5.9) kg/m2, respectively. At 3 years, the mean (SD) child BMI z score was 0.29 (0.99), 20.9% were overweight/obese and 5.3% were obese. In the adjusted model, when compared with glucose concentration &lt;100 mg/dL, a concentration ≥130 mg/dL was associated with significantly higher child BMI z score at 3 years (estimated z score difference of 0.39 [95% CI: 0.03–0.75]). With the use of the same reference category, a concentration ≥130 mg/dL was associated with an approximate twofold greater risk of child overweight/obesity (adjusted risk ratio 2.34 [95% CI: 1.25–4.38]).

CONCLUSIONS
Fetal exposure to high maternal glucose concentration in the absence of pre-existing diabetes or GDM may contribute to the development of overweight/obesity in the offspring, independent of maternal prepregnancy BMI.
Epiphytic chironomids on rigid hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) - the relation between the community structure and lake status
Authors: Tarkowska-Kukuryk Monika 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Studies on the role of Ceratophyllum demersum L. as a substratum for epiphytic midges in relation to lake status were conducted within two shallow polymictic lakes of Polesie Lubelskie. Lake Skomielno is classified as macrophyte dominated (MD), clear water state and Lake Syczyńskie represents phytoplankton dominated (PD), turbid water state. The results demonstrated that lake status is a determinant of community composition of epiphytic chironomids. Both species richness and abundance showed significantly higher values in the macrophyte dominated lake. The studied ecosystems differ in the composition of dominant chironomid taxa. In the clear state lake, the group of dominants included four taxa: Psectrocladius sp. (gr. sordidellus), Glyptotendipes sp., Ablabesmyia phatta and Paratanytarsus austriacus, the contribution of which changed during the studied months. In the turbid state lake two midge taxa dominated: Cricotopus sp. (gr. sylvestris) and Endochironomus albipennis. The CCA ordination showed the important differences between the studied lake types. In the MD lake, four environmental factors (temperature, chlorophyll-a, total P, P-PO4) influenced mostly the distribution and composition of epiphytic chironomids. In the MD lake, five variables (periphyton biomass, total suspension, N-NH4, total P, pH) affected the structure of midges.
Free Magmas
Authors: Riccardi Marco 
Published: January 2011

Free Magmas
This article introduces the free magma M(X) constructed on a set X [6]. Then, we formalize some theorems about M(X): if f is a function from the set X to a magma N, the free magma M(X) has a unique extension of f to a morphism of M(X) into N and every magma is isomorphic to a magma generated by a set X under a set of relators on M(X). In doing it, the article defines the stable subset under the law of composition of a magma, the submagma, the equivalence relation compatible with the law of composition and the equivalence kernel of a function. We also introduce some schemes on the recursive function.
Affine Independence in Vector Spaces
Authors: Pąk Karol 
Published: January 2011

Affine Independence in Vector Spaces
In this article we describe the notion of affinely independent subset of a real linear space. First we prove selected theorems concerning operations on linear combinations. Then we introduce affine independence and prove the equivalence of various definitions of this notion. We also introduce the notion of the affine hull, i.e. a subset generated by a set of vectors which is an intersection of all affine sets including the given set. Finally, we introduce and prove selected properties of the barycentric coordinates.
Counting Derangements, Non Bijective Functions and the Birthday Problem
Authors: Kaliszyk Cezary 
Published: January 2011

Counting Derangements, Non Bijective Functions and the Birthday Problem
The article provides counting derangements of finite sets and counting non bijective functions. We provide a recursive formula for the number of derangements of a finite set, together with an explicit formula involving the number e. We count the number of non-one-to-one functions between to finite sets and perform a computation to give explicitely a formalization of the birthday problem. The article is an extension of [10].
Differential responses to guano fertilization among tropical tree species with varying functional traits
Authors: Young Hillary S. , McCauley Douglas J. , Dirzo Rodolfo 
Published: January 2011

• Premise of the study: Seabirds often cause significant changes to soil properties, and seabird‐dominated systems often host unique plant communities. This study experimentally (1) examined species‐specific responses to seabird guano gradients, (2) considered the role that differential functional traits among species play in altering plant response to guano, and (3) investigated the implications of seabird guano on range‐expanding species.• Methods: Using a greenhouse fertilization experiment, we examined how guano fertilization affects the growth and functional traits of four tree species dominant in the Pacific Islands: Cocos nucifera, Pisonia grandis, Scaevola sericea, and Tournefortia argentea. In these systems, seabirds are frequently found in association with three of these four species; the remaining species, C. nucifera, is a recently proliferating species commonly found in the region but rarely associated with seabirds.• Key results: We determined that responses to guano addition differed significantly between species in ways that were consistent with predictions based on differing functional traits among species. Notably, we demonstrated that C. nucifera showed no growth responses to guano additions, whereas all seabird‐associated plants showed strong responses.• Conclusions: These results provide experimental evidence of differential species response to guano additions, suggesting that differences in species functional traits may contribute to changes in plant communities in seabird‐dominated areas, with seabird‐associated species garnering performance advantages in these high‐nutrient environments. Among these species, results also suggest that C. nucifera may have a competitive advantage in low‐nutrient environments, providing an unusual example of how a range‐expanding plant species can profit from low‐nutrient environments.
Microsatellite primers for the North American bluets (Houstonia section Amphiotis, Rubiaceae)
Authors: Glennon Kelsey L. , Church Sheri A. 
Published: January 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellites were developed for the native, perennial herbs Houstonia longifolia and H. purpurea to establish rates and patterns of hybridization among these and other closely related lineages within the genus.• Methods and Results: Seven primer sets were developed and tested using populations across eastern North America and into parts of the Midwest. Primers amplified di‐ and tri‐nucleotide repeats with 1–16 alleles per locus among diploids. These primers also amplified microsatellites for H. purpurea var. montana, H. purpurea var. calycosa, H. ouachitana, and H. canadensis, and for other Houstonia species outside section Amphiotis.• Conclusions: These results demonstrate the value of microsatellite loci in studies focusing on hybridization and population genetics across Houstonia section Amphiotis and could be useful in studies within other sections of Houstonia as well as in studies of related genera, such as Hedyotis.
Les contrats économiques de souveraineté, outils de la régulation de la concurrence (les pratiques des autorités de concurrence à partir de l'exemple de la France)
Authors: Boy Laurence 
Published: January 2011

Dans le cadre concurrentiel devenu mondial, concentration et organisation de l’économie résultent on ne peut plus clairement de deux facteurs : le jeu combiné des stratégies des acteurs privés et publics mais aussi les moyens proposés par le système juridique pour les accompagner et/ou les encadrer. Les procédures négociées illustrent la notion proposée par certains de contrat économique, en l’espèce, de contrat de souveraineté, outils de régulation de la concurrence. Ce texte propose une étude de droit économique de ces contrats de structuration et de restructuration du capital dans la régulation du droit de la concurrence. Les analyses conduisent à s’intéresser, au-delà des strictes obligations juridiques traditionnelles et détaillées souscrites par les entreprises, à l’équilibre général de l’accord, au but économique qu’il poursuit. Il s’agit, en effet, d’une convention globale formant un tout cohérent en dépit des dispositions diverses qu’elle peut contenir, ce qui explique en grande partie son régime juridique. En échange d’engagements pour rendre l’opération ou les comportements compatibles avec une concurrence praticable, autorités publiques et juges négocient dans ces contrats leur souveraineté. Même si la menace de sanction pèse toujours, contre une certaine indulgence, les entreprises s’engagent à respecter l’ordre public concurrentiel. On assiste ainsi substantiellement à une organisation conjointe et concertée de la concentration et du pouvoir économique, sous la houlette des fameuses Autorités administratives indépendantes, sous contrôle du juge. La souplesse caractéristique des engagements des entreprises s’accompagne corrélativement d’une vigilance dans le suivi des contrats économiques en droit de la concurrence. Le facteur temps est essentiel en droit économique. Dans les procédures négociées, les autorités de concurrence ont donc pris l’habitude de faire appel à des mandataires (trustees) pour suivre non seulement les engagements comportementaux mais aussi structurels qui, plus simples à exécuter a priori, soulèvent eux aussi de sérieuses difficultés, comme en témoignent des affaires récentes. L’efficacité et l’efficience des engagements tiennent sans doute à ce qui est à l’origine du contrat : la confiance et la réciprocité.