bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Geometry of Enhancement in Multiple Regression
Authors: Waller Niels G. 
Published: June 2011

In linear multiple regression, “enhancement” is said to occur when R2=b′r>r′r, where b is a p×1 vector of standardized regression coefficients and r is a p×1 vector of correlations between a criterion y and a set of standardized regressors, x. When p=1 then b≡r and enhancement cannot occur. When p=2, for all full-rank Rxx≠I, Rxx=E[xx′]=VΛV′ (where VΛV′ denotes the eigen decomposition of Rxx; λ1>λ2), the set \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$\boldsymbol{B}_{1}:=\{\boldsymbol{b}_{i}:R^{2}=\boldsymbol{b}_{i}'\boldsymbol{r}_{i}=\boldsymbol{r}_{i}'\boldsymbol{r}_{i};0 \ltR^{2}\le1\}$\end{document} contains four vectors; the set \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$\boldsymbol{B}_{2}:=\{\boldsymbol{b}_{i}: R^{2}=\boldsymbol{b}_{i}'\boldsymbol{r}_{i}\gt\boldsymbol{r}_{i}'\boldsymbol{r}_{i}$\end{document}; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$0\lt R^{2}\le1;R^{2}\lambda_{p}\leq\boldsymbol{r}_{i}'\boldsymbol{r}_{i}\lt R^{2}\}$\end{document} contains an infinite number of vectors. When p≥3 (and λ1>λ2>⋯>λp), both sets contain an uncountably infinite number of vectors. Geometrical arguments demonstrate that B1 occurs at the intersection of two hyper-ellipsoids in ℝp. Equations are provided for populating the sets B1 and B2 and for demonstrating that maximum enhancement occurs when b is collinear with the eigenvector that is associated with λp (the smallest eigenvalue of the predictor correlation matrix). These equations are used to illustrate the logic and the underlying geometry of enhancement in population, multiple-regression models. R code for simulating population regression models that exhibit enhancement of any degree and any number of predictors is included in Appendices A and B.
Intracellular transport of synaptic proteins
Authors: Kneussel Matthias 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Intracellular transport delivers cellular car­goes to and from their sites of action. Neurons are characterized by a polar and excitable nature and require the precise delivery of mRNAs, proteins and organelles to specific subcellular domains.
Multiple motor protein complexes have been identified that actively transport synaptic cargoes along microtubules and actin fil­aments in both anterograde and retrograde directions. Different synaptic proteins couple via adaptor molecules to molecular motors and individual cargo adaptors also mediate scaffolding functions at postsynaptic membrane specializations, or have been found to participate in the navigation of cargoes to either axons or dendrites.
Increasing evidence suggests a functional crosstalk between synaptic activation and the intracellular transport machinery.
Whether microtubule-based transport contributes to long-term strengthening or weakening of synapses is currently under investigation. A variety of posttranslational modifications of tubulin positively or negatively influence cargo traffic and are suggest­ed to act as molecular traffic signs in trans­port regulation.
Relatively unramified elements in cycle modules
Authors: Kahn Bruno 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn a recent paper, Merkurjev showed that for a smooth proper varietyXover a fieldk, the functorM* ↦A0(X, M0) from cycle modules to abelian groups is corepresented by a cycle module constructed on the Chow group of 0-cycles ofX. We show that if “proper” is relaxed, the result still holds by replacing the Chow group of 0-cycles by the 0-th Suslin homology group ofX.
Ensemble-based analysis of regional climate change effects on the cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus(Mrsh.)) in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napusL.)
Authors: JUNK J. , EICKERMANN M. , GÖRGEN K. , BEYER M. , HOFFMANN L. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThe impact of projected regional climate change on the migration of cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus) to oilseed rape crops in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is evaluated for past and future time spans. Several threshold-based statistical models for the emergence and the main migration ofC. pallidactyluswere chosen from the literature and combined with selected regional climate change projections of the EU ENSEMBLES project. Additionally, a simple degree-day based model was used to assess the plant development under expected climate change conditions. An earlier onset as well as a prolongation of the possible emergence times and the main migration periods was detected. The onset of stem elongation of oilseed rape was predicted to occur 3·0 days earlier per decade, while emergence ofC. pallidactyluswas expected to occur between 3·0 and 3·3 days earlier per decade. The main migration period of the weevil to the field may start 2·0 days earlier per decade under future climate conditions. Additionally, the time span of possible migration is prolonged for about 30 days under projected future climate conditions.
Which cognitions and behaviours mediate the positive effect of cognitive behavioural therapy on fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Knoop H. , van Kessel K. , Moss-Morris R. 
Published: June 2011

BackgroundChronic fatigue is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). A randomized controlled trial (RCT) showed that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) was more effective in reducing MS fatigue than relaxation training (RT). The aim of the current study was to analyse additional data from this trial to determine whether (1) CBT compared to RT leads to significantly greater changes in cognitions and behaviours hypothesized to perpetuate MS fatigue; (2) changes in these variables mediate the effect of CBT on MS fatigue; and (3) these mediation effects are independent of changes in mood.MethodSeventy patients (CBT, n=35; RT, n=35) completed the Cognitive and Behavioural Responses to Symptoms Questionnaire (CBSQ), the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) modified to measure negative representations of fatigue, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ), pre- and post-therapy. Multiple mediation analysis was used to determine which variables mediated the change in fatigue.ResultsAvoidance behaviour and three cognitive variables (symptom focusing, believing symptoms are a sign of damage and a negative representation of fatigue) improved significantly more in the CBT than the RT group. Mediation analysis showed that changing negative representations of fatigue mediated the decrease in severity of fatigue. Change in anxiety covaried with reduction in fatigue but the mediation effect for negative representations of fatigue remained when controlling for improvements in mood.ConclusionsChange in beliefs about fatigue play a crucial role in CBT for MS fatigue. These beliefs and the role of anxiety deserve more attention in the further development of this intervention.
Smoking, Stigma and Social Class
Authors: GRAHAM HILARY 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe decline in cigarette smoking in high-income countries is attributed to the increasing social unacceptability of smoking, a cultural shift in which tobacco control policies are identified as playing a major part. While seen as essential to protect public health, there is a growing appreciation that these polices may have contributed to a social climate in which smoking is stigmatised. The paper reviews this debate on smoking and stigma. It notes that individuals are represented by their smoking status; other social differences are typically treated as secondary. Thus, while the links between disadvantage and smoking are acknowledged, social class remains on the margins of the debate. The paper argues instead that class provides an essential analytic lens through which to understand the stigma of smoking and the stigmatising impacts of tobacco control policies. In support of its argument, it discusses how the stigmatisation of smoking has occurred against a backdrop of widening socioeconomic differentials in smoking and the increasing importance of the body and behaviour in public discourses about social class and moral worth. The paper concludes by underlining the importance of embedding tobacco control research and policy in an appreciation of social class, and social inequalities more broadly.
Exploring the sanctuary of Venus and its sacred grove: politics, cult and identity in Roman Pompeii
Authors: Carroll Maureen 
Published: June 2011

Sommarii:Indagini archeologiche condotte nel tempio di Venere a Pompei hanno dimostrato che il santuario fu costruito su un triplice portico e che degli alberi furono sistemati nella corte intorno a tre lati del tempio. Questo paesaggio è contemporaneo alia costruzione del tempio romano della metà del I secolo a.C, ed è uno dei boschi consacrati piu antichi nel mondo romano per il quale si abbiano evidenze archeologiche. I risultati del lavoro archeologico gettano luce non solo sul paesaggio del sito, ma anche su vari importanti aspetti correlati con gli sviluppi originari del recinto e dell'uso del suolo nella colonia di Pompei. Una riflessione dell'evidenza archeologica e storica e delle circostanze sociali della città nel I secolo a.C. suggerisce che il tempio e il bosco sacro degli dei tutelari della città simboleggiavano sia l'identità politica sia la divina sanzione della Pompei romana.
Rome and the transformation of the imperial office in the late fourth–mid-fifth centuries AD
Authors: McEvoy Meaghan 
Published: June 2011

Sommarii:Questo articolo identifica una ragione finora non riconosciuta circa la crescente presenza imperiale a Roma dall'ascesa di Onorio nel 395 d.C. fino all'assassinio di Valentiniano III nel 455, nella forma della trasformazione dell'ufficio imperiale stesso, che stava prendendo piede in questo periodo, come risultato della ripetuta ascesa degli imperatori-bambini nel Occidente tardo-romano. Questi prolungati governi dei minori, che si verificano a un certo punto nella storia tardo-romana quando la crescita della cerimonializzazione e owiamente della cristianizzazione andarono a costituire un importante parte del ruolo delrimperatore, portarono con loro anche una piu grande necessita che la citta di Roma agisse come stage politico chiave per l'esposizione del cerimoniale imperiale, in particolare tanto il supporto della ricchezza deH'aristocrazia senatoria fondata a Roma, divenne ancora piu cruciale quanta le fonti delle entrate imperiali andarono perdute all'impero d'Occidente per via delle invasioni barbariche. In aggiunta, la fondazione del mausoleo di Onorio, adiacente alia basilica di San Pietro, e l'estesa costruzione delle chiese e gli sforzi decorativi della famiglia imperiale durante il regno di Valentiniano III, illuminarono le credenziali cristiane dell'imperatore d'Occidente, e contestano la vecchia visione che i vescovi di Roma avevano gia preso il soprawento sul ruolo delrimperatore' all'interno della citta a partire dal V secolo d.C.
Ultraviolet irradiation and the mechanisms underlying its inactivation of infectious agents
Authors: Cutler Timothy D. , Zimmerman Jeffrey J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe review the principles of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the inactivation of infectious agents by UV, and current applications for the control of microorganisms. In particular, wavelengths between 200 and 280 nm (germicidal UV) affect the double-bond stability of adjacent carbon atoms in molecules including pyrimidines, purines and flavin. Thus, UV inactivation of microorganisms results from the formation of dimers in RNA (uracil and cytosine) and DNA (thymine and cytosine). The classic application of UV irradiation is the inactivation of microorganisms in biological safety cabinets. In the food-processing industry, germicidal UV irradiation has shown potential for the surface disinfection of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables. UV treatment of water (potable and wastewater) is increasingly common because the process is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, overdose is not possible, chemical residues or by-products are avoided, and water quality is unaffected. UV has been used to reduce the concentration of airborne microorganisms in limited studies, but the technology will require further development if it is to gain wider application. For bioaerosols, the primary technical challenge is delivery of sufficient UV irradiation to large volumes of air, but the absence of UV inactivation constants for airborne pathogens under a range of environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity) further compounds the problem.
Deployment of either a whole or dissected wild nuclear genome into the wheat gene pool meets the breeding challenges posed by the sustainable farming systems
Authors: De Pace Ciro , Pasquini Marina , Vaccino Patrizia , Bizzarri Marco , Nocente Francesca , Corbellini Maria , Eugenia Caceres Maria , Cionini Pier Giorgio , Vittori Doriano , Vida Gyula 
Published: June 2011

Deploying whole and dissected nuclear genome of wild Triticeae species in the homoeologous wheat genetic background through inter-specific hybridization and introgression is a lower cost and effective option to prepare wheat germplasm with unexploited genes for disease resistance and enhanced grain yield and quality traits. The whole nuclear genomes of Dasypyrum villosum (Dv) and T. turgidum var durum have been combined, and an homoploid derivative of the original amphiploid displayed typical ‘farro’ spike morphology, tough rachis and the adaptive traits of Dv such as high resistance to diseases (caused by Tilletia tritici, Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Puccinia triticina and P. graminis f. sp. tritici), heading earliness and fortified caryopses (high protein and micronutrient contents). The dissection of the Dv genome by either ‘Triticum aestivum cv Chinese Spring (CS) × hexaploid amphiploid’ or ‘(CS × Dv) × CS’ hybridization and backcrossing provided wheat introgression breeding lines (IBLs) expressing one or more of the Dv adaptive traits. Molecular analyses revealed that either cryptic or Genomic In-situ Hybridization (GISH) detectable Dv chromatin introgression occurred in those IBLs. The IBLs, after 2 years of low-input field tests and genetic analyses in Italy and Hungary, showed simple inheritance, dominance and stability of the adaptive and disease resistance traits.
RF-MEMS switches with AlN dielectric and their applications
Authors: Fernández-Bolaños Badía Montserrat , Nicole Pierre , Ionescu Adrian Mihai 
Published: June 2011

This paper reports on the potential of RF-MEMS technology based on aluminum nitride capacitive dielectric and nickel-suspended membranes to provide RF circuit functions in reconfigurable front-end radios. The RF performance of capacitive switches, distributed MEMS transmission lines (DMTLs) phase shifters for beam steering and tunable filters, including center frequency and bandwidth tuning of bandpass and band-stop filters are presented. Detailed characterization based on S-parameter data demonstrates very promising figures of merit of all fabricated demonstrators from 5 to 40 GHz.
The auto-correlator for the soft X-ray FEL FLASH at DESY
Authors: Noll T. , Mitzner R. 
Published: June 2011

A new auto-correlator has been developed, built and implemented. It contains eight mirrors on an optical bench, which are independent, adjustable in the nrad and nm range. A parallelogram-based delay stage moves two of the mirrors over ±15 mm with 30 nm resolution and without random parasitic motions. The paper presents the new ideas applied in the design of this device.
Variable line spacing plane grating monochromator for first LNLS undulator beamline
Authors: Rodrigues F. , Neuenschwander R. T. , Ribeiro L. F. , Rocha M. , da Silva T. J. , dos Santos J. E. , Seraphim R. M. 
Published: June 2011

In early 2007 an elliptically polarized Apple II undulator was installed on an LNLS storage ring. It will provide photons to the first PGM beamline at LNLS designed to deliver photons ranging from 100 to 1000 eV with a resolving power of over 10 000. The beamline is about to start the commissioning process and this paper describes mainly the monochromator design and construction.
Review of western Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) recruitment dynamics
Authors: Hüssy Karin 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Hüssy, K. 2011. Review of western Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) recruitment dynamics. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1459–1471. Important processes in the recruitment dynamics of western Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) are identified. Spawning areas are in the deep, saline waters below 20–40 m, depending on area topography. Spatial distribution remains relatively stable over time. Peak spawning shows an area-specific pattern, with progressively later spawning towards the east. Genetic stock structure and tagging indicate some degree of natal homing for spawning. The highly variable hydrodynamic conditions and the fact that cod eggs float in the water column cause their entrainment by currents, and their destination is determined by the prevailing winds and currents. Drift is almost exclusively to the east, but the magnitude and its impact on the structure of the affected stocks (Kattegat, western Baltic, and eastern Baltic) remains unresolved. Salinity limits the east–west exchange of eggs as a consequence of the stocks' differential requirement for neutral buoyancy. Superimposed on this, oxygen content and temperature have a significant effect on fertilization, egg/larva development, and survival. Within the Baltic Sea ecosystem, mixing of stocks may be anticipated and is particularly pronounced in the Arkona Basin because of its use for spawning by both western and eastern stocks, the advection of early life stages from the west and immigration/emigration from the east.
Gaining information from commercial catch for a Bayesian two-stage biomass dynamic model: application to Bay of Biscay anchovy
Authors: Ibaibarriaga Leire , Fernández Carmen , Uriarte Andrés 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Ibaibarriaga, L., Fernández, C., and Uriarte, A. 2011. Gaining information from commercial catch for a Bayesian two-stage biomass dynamic model: application to Bay of Biscay anchovy. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1435–1446. A two-stage biomass dynamic model for Bay of Biscay anchovy is presented. Compared with the model currently applied by ICES for the assessment of that stock, the new model separates the growth and natural mortality processes and allows them to differ by age class. Stochastic equations involving the observed weights by age class in surveys are incorporated to provide information on growth rates. The fishing process is modelled separating fishing mortality into year and age-class effects in each semester, and observation equations are introduced for total catch and catch proportion by age class (in biomass) by semester. The model is first tested on simulated data, then applied to real data for the years 1987–2008. Although the results are affected by survey catchability and natural mortality assumptions, estimates of population trends, when expressed in relation to the value in a given year, are robust. The new model has significantly more parameters, requiring longer computational time for its fitting, which is done in a Bayesian context. However, it does allow the testing of different assumptions on natural mortality, which is of special interest after the recent fishery closure, and estimating new parameters, which could provide further insight on stock and fleet dynamics.
Effects of process and observation errors on effective sample size of fishery and survey age and length composition using variance ratio and likelihood methods
Authors: Hulson Peter-John F. , Hanselman Dana H. , Quinn Terrance J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHulson, P-J. F., Hanselman, D. H., and Quinn, T. J. II. 2011. Effects of process and observation errors on effective sample size of fishery and survey age and length composition using variance ratio and likelihood methods. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1548–1557. Observations of age or length composition from fisheries or research surveys are modelled frequently with the multinomial distribution. Violations of multinomial assumptions in data collection usually cause overdispersion of observations and consequent underestimation of uncertainty. This has led to the adoption of an effective sample size less than the actual sample size to approximate the likelihood function for age or length composition better in, for example, fishery stock assessment models. The behaviour of effective sample size is examined under different scenarios for population age distribution and sampling design. Effective sample size was approximated with three approaches: (i) the ratio of multinomial to empirical variance; (ii) sampling estimation; and (iii) the Dirichlet likelihood. The most significant changes in effective sample size were attributable to process error involving aggregation of ages within schools. In terms of observation error, effective sample size can be increased by increasing the number of tows from which samples are obtained for age or length composition, then, because of the reduced uncertainty in effective sample size, the Dirichlet likelihood can be integrated into the objective function of fishery stock assessment models to estimate the effective sample size in future assessments.