bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meteorological influences on the design of advanced aircraft approach procedures for reduced environmental impacts
Authors: Ren Liling , Reynolds Tom G. , Clarke John‐Paul B. , Hooper David A. , Parton Graham A. , Dore Anthony J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThere is increasing interest in the development of aircraft operating procedures that reduce the environmental impacts of commercial aviation through minimization of fuel burn, emissions and noise impacts. Meteorological factors can have a major influence on the behaviour of aircraft in different phases of flight, thus they must be carefully considered in the development of any new procedures. In this paper the most important of these factors are considered (wind profiles and local pressure variations) within the context of development of advanced approach procedures at a major UK airport. Models of the wind characteristics were developed for the region around the airport using data collected from the Natural Environment Research Council Mesosphere‐Stratosphere‐Troposphere Radar at Aberystwyth and surface wind measurements made at the airport, while an analysis of local pressure effects was based on readings taken at the airport. These models were used in a Monte Carlo flight simulator to determine the suitability of different approach procedure designs in terms of flight and environmental performance. Flight tests of the final procedure design were conducted at the airport with a variety of commercial aircraft. These demonstrated the suitability of the procedures (and hence validated the modelling strategies used) and that significant environmental benefits in terms of reduced noise, fuel burn and emissions were achieved compared to existing procedures. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The use of lidar‐detected smoke puff evolution for dispersion calculations
Authors: Choukulkar A. , Calhoun R. , Fernando H. J. S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDispersion modelling is a key component of modern emergency responses to catastrophic atmospheric releases. However, periodic algorithmic advances are needed to effectively use new datasets acquired with modern remote sensing instruments. This work demonstrates that coherent Doppler lidar can be used to provide valuable new inputs for dispersion models. While related research seeks to retrieve other required inputs for dispersion modelling systems, for example velocity vectors from radial velocities, this paper assembles and contextualizes analytical and algorithmic approaches for an improved understanding of dispersion characteristics in specific atmospheric scenarios using Doppler lidar data. Longitudinal (along‐wind), lateral (cross‐wind), and vertical dispersion parameters are calculated and used to estimate eddy diffusivities based on Gaussian curve fitting and first‐order closure. Empirical relations based on similarity theory are used to verify these estimates, and reasonable agreement is found between the two approaches. Several improvements are also suggested for the lidar scanning techniques to facilitate retrieval of dispersion parameters. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Long‐term trends of zonally averaged aerosol optical thickness observed from operational satellite AVHRR instrument
Authors: Zhao X.‐P. Tom , Heidinger Andrew K. , Knapp Kenneth R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAtmospheric aerosols are solid and liquid particles suspended in air. Aerosols have important consequences for global climate, ecosystem processes and human health due to their various sizes and chemical compositions. In this paper, nearly 23 years of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) data from operational satellite AVHRR observations over the global ocean have been used to study the latitudinal variations of the linear long‐term trends (LLT) of zonal mean AOT. For the LLT of zonally averaged AOT over the global ocean, their significance generally falls below the 95% confidence level. However, the LLT of zonal mean AOT for the individual oceans, such as the Atlantic Ocean (AO), Indian Ocean (IO), and West Pacific Ocean (WPO), can easily pass 95% confidence level in some latitude belts (e.g. 5–25°N for IO, 33–40°N for WPO, 30–50°N for AO) and may produce zonally averaged solar dimming/brightening accordingly in cloudless conditions. The results will help us to understand the latitudinal features of the decadal changes in aerosol loadings, as well as surface solar radiation, better. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A global hail climatology using the UK Met Office convection diagnosis procedure (CDP) and model analyses
Authors: Hand Will H. , Cappelluti Gennaro 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFive years of UK Met Office global model analyses from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2008 have been used to generate a global hail climatology at 1° latitude by 1° longitude resolution. Hail has been diagnosed from model vertical profiles of temperature and humidity using a simple algorithm based on a paper by Fawbush and Miller (1953). Results have been compared with published observational climatologies on both a global and regional basis. The model diagnoses compare favourably with the observed data with both orographic and seasonal signals. However, there are differences, and possible reasons for these are discussed. These include limitations of the simple algorithm, the difficulty of observing hail in sparsely populated areas and the problem of population growth influencing the number of hail reports. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright
Wind speed interpolation in the vicinity of the Panama Canal
Authors: Cheng Fang‐Yi , Georgakakos Konstantine P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA simplified boundary layer (SBL) model formulation is tested against the mesoscale meteorological model MM5 with respect to the 2 km interpolation of hourly surface wind station data for stations in the close vicinity of the Panama Canal. The required short computation time for the real time interpolation of the wind during air pollution incidents involving crossing cargo ships makes the use of simplified wind models an alternative to the full implementation of mesoscale models. The SBL model does take into consideration the land cover of the ground surface, which exhibits substantial variability in the study region. The SBL model produces features of wind speed that are similar to those of the MM5 simulation along the better‐observed Canal centreline. The presence of orographic features makes the applicability of the simplified formulation reasonable only near the Canal where the terrain has small undulations. The simulated wind fields show that the dry season (January to April) is more spatially and temporally coherent than the wet season and that it also has higher wind speeds than the wet season. The evening hours have higher wind speeds than the morning hours in both seasons. The simulated wind exhibits higher average wind speeds and higher frequencies of exceeding 5 m s−1 within the Gatun Lake on the Caribbean side of the Isthmus and the entrance/exit of the Canal on the Caribbean and Pacific coasts. These results are useful for the development of effective disaster mitigation strategies for air pollution events in the region. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Analysis of weather factors responsible for the traffic ‘Black Day’ in Helsinki, Finland, on 17 March 2005
Authors: Juga Ilkka , Hippi Marjo , Moisseev Dmitri , Saltikoff Elena 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDuring the morning rush hours of 17 March 2005, a band of intense snowfall affected the Helsinki metropolitan area in southern Finland. The event caused severe pile‐ups on the highways, with almost 300 crashed cars, the deaths of three people and more than 60 people injured. The snowfall was soon followed by freezing drizzle. Some of the media later blamed this as being responsible for the unprecedented number and severity of the accidents that had occurred. However, the official inquiry came to the conclusion that the pile‐ups had been caused by the very poor visibility due to intense snowfall and excessive driving speeds combined with reduced road surface friction. In this study, these two viewpoints are investigated, by using high time‐resolution dual‐polarization radar observations to analyse the changes in intensity and form of the precipitation leading to the event. The radar data were particularly useful in supplementing weather observations. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Call center arrival modeling: A Bayesian state‐space approach
Authors: Aktekin Tevfik , Soyer Refik 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this article, we introduce three discrete time Bayesian state‐space models with Poisson measurements, each aiming to address different issues in call center arrival modeling. We present the properties of the models and develop their Bayesian inference. In so doing, we provide sequential updating and smoothing for call arrival rates and discuss how the models can be used for intra‐day, inter‐day, and inter‐week forecasts. We illustrate the implementation of the models by using actual arrival data from a US commercial bank's call center and provide forecasting comparisons. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 58: 28–42, 2011
Optimal control of a capacitated inventory system with multiple demand classes
Authors: Zhou Weihua , Lee Chung‐Yee , Wu David 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article studies the optimal control of a periodic‐review make‐to‐stock system with limited production capacity and multiple demand classes. In this system, a single product is produced to fulfill several classes of demands. The manager has to make the production and inventory allocation decisions. His objective is to minimize the expected total discounted cost. The production decision is made at the beginning of each period and determines the amount of products to be produced. The inventory allocation decision is made after receiving the random demands and determines the amount of demands to be satisfied. A modified base stock policy is shown to be optimal for production, and a multi‐level rationing policy is shown to be optimal for inventory allocation. Then a heuristic algorithm is proposed to approximate the optimal policy. The numerical studies show that the heuristic algorithm is very effective. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 58: 43–58, 2011
Inventory control in divergent supply chains with time‐based dispatching and shipment consolidation
Authors: Marklund Johan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article analyses a divergent supply chain consisting of a central warehouse and N nonidentical retailers. The focus is on joint evaluation of inventory replenishment and shipment consolidation effects. A time‐based dispatching and shipment consolidation policy is used at the warehouse in conjunction with real‐time point‐of‐sale data and centralized inventory information. This represents a common situation, for example, in various types of vendor managed inventory systems. The main contribution is the derivation of an exact recursive procedure for determining the expected inventory holding and backorder costs for the system, under the assumption of Poisson demand. Two heuristics for determining near optimal shipment intervals are also presented. The results are applicable both for single‐item and multiitem systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 58: 59–71, 2011
Fetal micrognathia: objective assessment and associated anomalies on prenatal sonogram
Authors: Luedders Doerte W. , Bohlmann Michael K. , Germer Ute , Axt‐Fliedner Roland , Gembruch Ulrich , Weichert Jan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the accuracy and characteristics of prenatally detected fetal micrognathia.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all pregnancies with the suspicion of fetal micrognathia was performed. The affected fetuses were reassessed by estimation of the inferior facial angle (IFA) and the frontal nasomental angle on stored gray scale images to objectively establish the diagnosis.ResultsOf the 28.935 ultrasounds (USs) reviewed, 58 cases were eligible and 4 were excluded because of inconclusive data. The mean values for IFA and frontal nasomental angle were 44.8° and 123.3°, respectively. In 33 cases, the pregnancy was terminated. Four fetuses died sub partu or immediately after birth, five were stillborn. Invasive testing in 40/54 cases revealed aneuploidies in 35%. Associated anomalies comprised musculoskeletal disorders (43%) and non‐skeletal anomalies (15%). Less than one fifth (9/54) were alive beyond postnatal period. Four fetuses had an isolated micrognathia, one of which was found to have a cleft palate postnatally.ConclusionThe diagnosis of micrognathia has a crucial impact on both prenatal and postnatal outcomes of affected individuals due to its association with additional abnormalities. A detailed sonographic survey using objective criteria for defining micrognathia is mandatory. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, an intensive interdisciplinary counseling of the parents is needed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of normal fetal atrio‐ventricular septum dimensions during pregnancy
Authors: Jadaon Jimmy E. , Haddad Sami , Mukary Maggi , Ben‐Shlomo Izhar , Ben‐Ami Moshe 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectivesEbstein anomaly and atrio‐ventricular septal defect involve a profound change in the appearance of the atrio‐ventricular septum (AVS). AVS is the area between the insertion of the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve leaflets to the ventricular septum. In normal fetuses, the tricuspid valve has an apical displacement relative to the mitral valve. We aimed to create a nomogram of its normal dimensions, beginning in the 11th gestational week.MethodsMeasurement of the length of the AVS was performed during ultrasonographic fetal echocardiography, in the four‐chamber view from 11 to 34 gestational weeks in otherwise normal pregnancies. In addition, standard fetal biometry was measured. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between variables.ResultsTwo hundred and ninety‐two examinations of normal fetuses were included. A positive correlation was found between AVS length and gestational age (r2 = 0.96, P < 0.001), each week adding 0.165 mm (β = 0.165, P < 0.001). AVS length was also proportional to inter‐ventricular septum (IVS) length with increasing gestational age (r2 = 0.882, β = 0.94, P < 0.001). Positive linear correlation was obtained between AVS length and fetal biometry (P < 0.001).ConclusionWe provide a nomogram for AVS length which can be used as a reference when either Ebstein anomaly or atrio‐ventricular septal defects are suspected. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG measured prior to 10 weeks is associated with preterm delivery and small‐for‐gestational‐age infants
Authors: Kirkegaard Ida , Henriksen Tine Brink , Tørring Niels , Uldbjerg Niels 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether measuring pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) and free β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐hCG) before 10 weeks of gestation affect the association between these biomarkers and adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsSingleton pregnant women (9450) who attended the prenatal screening program, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, were included. Maternal serum levels of PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG were measured between week 8 and 13 weeks and 6 days. The risk of preterm delivery (<37 weeks) and small for gestational age (SGA) (<the fifth centile) was evaluated in relation to PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG < 0.4 multiples of the median, stratified according to early (<10 weeks) or late (≥10 weeks) biochemical testing.ResultsA stronger association between low PAPP‐A and SGA was found with early serum sampling compared to late, but the difference was not statistically significant [odds ratio (OR) 3.2 vs 1.8; P value = 0.11]. This difference did not apply to PAPP‐A and preterm delivery. For free β‐hCG, a stronger association with preterm delivery was found with early testing (OR 1.9 vs 1.1; P value = 0.31), whereas this difference was not found regarding SGA.ConclusionBiochemical testing before 10 weeks does not affect the association between low PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Whether the association is actually stronger with early testing, requires further study. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in the recipient fetal Tei index in the peri‐operative period after laser photocoagulation of placental anastomoses for twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Papanna Ramesha , Mann Lovepreet K. , Molina Saulo , Johnson Anthony , Moise Kenneth J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess serial changes in the Tei index of the recipient fetus secondary to fetoscopic laser photocoagulation of placental anastomoses (FLP) for twin‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) during the peri‐operative period.Study designA prospective study of cases that underwent FLP at the Texas Children's Fetal Center was performed. Mean and individual changes in the Tei index measurements were obtained during the pre‐operative, intra‐operative and the post‐operative (12‐h and 24‐h) periods after surgery and were compared using paired t‐test. A p‐value of < 0.05 was considered as significant.ResultsA total of 20 patients were included in the study. In both the right and the left side, the mean Tei indices appeared to be increased from baseline during the intra‐operative period, with a subsequent decrease to pre‐operative values within 24 h of laser surgery. These changes were also noted when individualized patient results were analyzed in a serial fashion.ConclusionFLP results in a transient increase in the intra‐operative myocardial performance index in the recipient fetus. These changes appear to resolve in the post‐operative period. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of non‐immune hydrops fetalis: what do we tell the parents?
Authors: Santo Susana , Mansour Sahar , Thilaganathan Basky , Homfray Tessa , Papageorghiou Aris , Calvert Sandra , Bhide Amar 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to outline the aetiology and outcome of a series of fetuses with non‐immune hydrops (NIH), detected prenatally. The findings are compared with a comprehensive review of recent reports.MethodsThis is a retrospective study reviewing all pregnancies complicated by NIH in the fetus and continued after 20 weeks of pregnancy over a period of 10 years. Outcome was obtained from postmortem reports, discharge summaries, communication with the clinicians or information from the parents. A literature search was also performed to identify all reports on NIH in the last 10 years.ResultsSeventy‐one fetuses affected by NIH were included in this study. The aetiology of the NIH was identified prenatally in 40 cases. The most common causes of NIH were thoracic disorders, infections and cardiovascular disorders. Forty‐four of the 71 (62%) fetuses were live‐born. There were 10 neonatal deaths. Of the remaining 34 babies, 17 infants survived without morbidity.ConclusionThe survival rate of NIH is at least 48% in this study. Prenatal identification of the cause is possible in 56% of cases. The risk of neurodevelopmental delay in those that survive is 3 of 28 (11%). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incremental cost of non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis versus invasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal sex in England
Authors: Hill Melissa , Taffinder Sally , Chitty Lyn S. , Morris Stephen 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectivesFetal sex determination is performed for women who carry X‐linked conditions, for example Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), or those associated with ambiguous genitalia, for example congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) using cell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal plasma is an alternative to invasive prenatal diagnosis (IPD), which carries a 1% risk of miscarriage. This study aimed to evaluate the incremental cost of NIPD compared with IPD of fetal sex.MethodsDiagnostic accuracy, invasive testing rate, and pregnancy outcome following NIPD were ascertained from an audit of all cases referred to two laboratories in 2006 to 2009. Care pathways for DMD and CAH were established and key cost drivers for IPD and NIPD identified using costs derived from published estimates and local laboratory values.ResultsThe differences in mean costs per pregnancy for NIPD versus IPD were small for DMD [mean difference − £87, 95% confidence interval (CI) − £303 to £131] and CAH (−£193, 95% CI − £301 to − £84). Testing costs associated with NIPD were offset by fewer women requiring invasive testing.ConclusionsThe costs of NIPD and IPD of fetal sex are similar. NIPD can provide benefits for many women by avoiding the risks of invasive testing, without incurring additional costs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MarR homologs with urate‐binding signature
Authors: Perera Inoka C. , Grove Anne 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBacteria that associate with living hosts require intricate mechanisms to detect and respond to host defenses. Part of the early host defense against invading bacteria is the production of reactive oxygen species, and xanthine oxidase is one of the main producers of such agents. The end‐product of the enzymatic activity of xanthine oxidase, urate, was previously shown to be the natural ligand for Deinococcus radiodurans‐encoded HucR and it was shown to attenuate DNA binding by Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐encoded PecS and Burkholderia thailandensis‐encoded MftR, all members of the multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) family. We here show that residues involved in binding urate and eliciting the DNA binding antagonism are conserved in a specific subset of MarR homologs. Although HucR controls endogenous urate levels by regulating a uricase gene, almost all other homologs are predicted to respond to exogenous urate levels and to regulate a transmembrane transport protein belonging to either the drug metabolite transporter (DMT) or the major facilitator superfamily (MFS), as further evidenced by the presence of conserved binding sites for the cognate transcription factor within the respective promoter regions. These data suggest the use of orthologous genes for different regulatory purposes. We propose the designation UrtR (urate responsive transcriptional regulator) for this distinct subfamily of MarR homologs based on their common mechanism of urate‐mediated attenuation of DNA binding.