bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative high-field imaging of sub-cortical gray matter in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lebel R Marc , Eissa Amir , Seres Peter , Blevins Gregg , Wilman Alan H 
Published: October 2011

Background: In addition to neuronal injury, inflammatory, and demyelinating processes, evidence suggests multiple sclerosis (MS) is also associated with increased iron deposition in the basal ganglia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly at very high field strengths, is sensitive to iron accumulation and may enable visualization and quantification of iron associated with MS. Objectives: To investigate the sub-cortical gray matter in patients with early-stage relapsing–remitting MS using multiple, and novel, quantitative MRI measures at very high field. Methods: In total, 22 patients with relapsing–remitting MS and 22 control subjects were imaged at 4.7 Tesla. Transverse relaxation rates (R2 and R2*) and susceptibility phase were quantified in four basal ganglia nuclei, the thalamus, and the red nuclei. Parameters in patients with MS were compared with those in healthy subjects and correlated with clinical scores. Results: Significant abnormalities were observed in most structures, most notably in the pulvinar sub-nucleus. Significant correlations with disability were observed in the pulvinar; marginally significant correlations were also observed in the thalamus and red nucleus. No significant correlations were observed with duration since index relapse. Conclusions: Widespread abnormalities are present in the deep gray matter nuclei of patients recently diagnosed with MS; these abnormalities can be detected via multi-modal high-field MRI. Imaging metrics, particularly R2*, relate to disease severity in the pulvinar and other gray matter regions.
In LNCaP cells enhanced expression of both androgen receptor and costimulatory protein p300 compensate for antisense oligonucleotide suppression of bcl-2
Authors: Rubenstein Marvin , Hollowell Courtney M. P. , Guinan Patrick 
Published: October 2011

Background: Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) have been employed against in vivo and in vitro prostate cancer models targeting growth stimulatory gene products. While most oligos have targeted growth factors or their receptors, others have been directed against inhibitors of apoptosis and mediators of androgen action. In LNCaP cells we evaluated a set of oligos which targeted and comparably suppressed the expression of the apoptosis inhibitor protein bcl-2. LNCaP cells adapted to this restoration of apoptosis with an enhanced expression of the androgen receptor (AR) suggesting an increased sensitivity to androgens. In a continuation of this study, we now evaluate the expression of p300, an AR coactivating protein expressed in the later stages of prostate cancer. Method and results: In previous experiments, monospecific and bispecific oligos directed against bcl-2 suppressed both the targeted bcl-2 protein (an inhibitor of apoptosis) and the nontargeted caspase-3 (a promoter of apoptosis), potentially negating the effect on apoptosis produced by specific inhibition of bcl-2. In a further study we reported that expression of the AR was significantly enhanced by these oligos. We now report that expression of p300 is similarly enhanced. LNCaP cells are hormone sensitive and the untreated cells expressed minimal p300 activity. Conclusions: The enhanced expression which followed oligo treatment makes its induction more impressive, and implies a pattern of gene expression more associated with later stage (androgen-insensitive) disease. This suggests that oligo treatment directed against bcl-2 not only can be evaded through compensatory changes in AR expression which promotes tumor growth, but the induced expression of p300 may transition the tumor to a more dedifferentiated and aggressive phenotype.
Modified Byars’ flaps for securing skin closure in proximal and mid-penile hypospadias
Authors: AbouZeid Amr Abdelhamid 
Published: October 2011

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe a modification for skin closure combined with tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty in the repair of proximal and mid-penile hypospadias. Patients and methods: The study included 47 patients with nondistal hypospadias who underwent a primary TIP procedure from September 2007 to May 2010. Meatal position was mid-shaft ( n = 20), penoscrotal ( n = 20), and scrotal ( n = 7). The patients in the study were divided into two groups according to a modification in the technique of skin closure, which involved incising the prepuce vertically into two halves, then harvesting the dartos flap for covering the repair from one half, leaving the other preputial half to reconstruct the ventral skin without compromising its blood supply. Results: In the standard procedure ( n = 19 patients), complications included glanular dehiscence (10.5%), glanular fistula (5%), urethrocutaneous fistula (10.5%), and skin complications (21%). In the modified procedure ( n = 28 patients), complications included glanular dehiscence (7%) and glanular fistula (3.6%), but no skin complications or urethrocutaneous fistulae occurred. Conclusion: The modified Byars’ flaps is a useful alternative for skin closure during proximal and mid-shaft TIP urethroplasty, with fewer complications and acceptable cosmetic outcome.
Incidence, Nature, and Causes of Fractures and Dislocations in Olympic Styles of Wrestling in Iran
Authors: Kordi Ramin , Heidarpour Behzad , Shafiei Masih , Rostami Mohsen , Mansournia Mohammad Ali 
Published: October 2011

Background: Several studies have evaluated the incidence of and risk factors for injuries among wrestlers, but there are limited data in this population. Understanding the incidence and risk factors could provide important information for educational and preventive efforts at the national and international levels. Purpose: To assess the incidence of and risk factors for fractures and dislocations among Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestlers in Iran. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Members of 8 randomly selected wrestling clubs in Kermanshah, Iran, were followed for 12 months. Details of their training and the occurrence of fractures and dislocations were recorded. Related data on fractures and dislocations include site of injury, previous history of injury, coach supervision, and wresting technique that led to the injury. Results: A total of 495 male wrestlers were included in the study. Seven fractures and 8 dislocations were reported. The incidence of fractures and dislocations was 1.1 per 10 000 athlete exposures, with a fracture rate of 0.5 and a dislocation rate of 0.6. Of the 15 fractures and dislocations, 11 occurred among freestyle wrestlers (0.8 per 10 000 athlete exposures) and 4 occurred among Greco-Roman wrestlers (0.3 per 10 000 athlete exposures). There was a positive correlation between the incidence of wrestlers’ fractures and dislocations and their age ( P < 0.01), years of wrestling experience ( P < 0.01), previous history of fracture or dislocation ( P < 0.01), and age of starting to wrestle ( P = 0.03). Conclusion: The incidence of fractures and dislocations in this study was lower than that seen in previous studies. The risk of fracture and dislocation was heightened by a wrestler’s increased age and years of experience, history of previous fracture or dislocation, and younger age of starting to wrestle.
Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms and subsequent cancer risk: a Danish population-based cohort study
Authors: Frederiksen Henrik , Farkas Dóra Körmendiné , Christiansen Christian Fynbo , Hasselbalch Hans Carl , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, including essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), are at increased risk of new hematologic malignancies, but their risk of nonhematologic malignancies remains unknown. In the present study, we assessed the risk of both types of malignancies after an ET, PV, or CML diagnosis. We linked 2 population-based nationwide registries, the Danish National Registry of Patients, covering all Danish hospitals and the Danish Cancer Registry, and assessed subsequent cancer risk in a cohort of all 7229 patients diagnosed with a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm during 1977-2008. We compared the incidence of subsequent cancer in this cohort with that expected on the basis of cancer incidence in the general population (standardized incidence ratio). Overall, ET, PV, and CML patients were at increased risk of developing both new hematologic and nonhematologic cancers. The standardized incidence ratio for developing a nonhematologic cancer was 1.2 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]): 1.0-1.4) for patients with ET, 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3-1.5) for patients with PV, and 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3-2.0) for patients with CML. We conclude that patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms are at increased risk of developing a new malignant disease.
Serum selenium level and risk of lung cancer mortality: a 16-year follow-up of the Copenhagen Male Study
Authors: Suadicani Poul , Hein Hans Ole , Gyntelberg Finn 
Published: October 2011

Serum selenium has been implicated as a risk factor for lung cancer, but the issue remains unsettled.In a cohort of 3,333 males aged 53–74 yrs, we tested the hypothesis that a low serum selenium concentration would be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer mortality.Over 16 yrs, 167 (5.1%) subjects died of lung cancer: 48 (5.0%) out of 965 with low serum selenium (0.4–1.0 μmol·L−1), 57 (5.1%) out of 1,141 with medium serum selenium (1.1–1.2 μmol·L−1) and 62 (5.1%) out of 1,227 with high serum selenium (1.3–3.0 μmol·L−1). After adjustment for age, referencing the lowest level of serum selenium, hazard ratios (HRs) for medium and high levels of serum selenium were 0.97 (95% CI 0.66–1.43) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.68–1.45), respectively. Taking into account pack-years of smoking, spirits intake, dietary markers (salt and fat preferences) and health measures (chronic bronchitis and peak flow), referencing the lowest level of serum selenium, HRs were 1.17 (95% CI 0.79–1.75) and 1.43 (95% CI 0.96–2.14), for medium and high levels respectively. Among heavy smokers, a high serum selenium concentration was associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer mortality after taking into account all potential confounders.The hypothesis that low serum selenium is an independent risk factor for lung cancer was not supported.
The resistive and elastic work of breathing during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Cross Troy J. , Sabapathy Surendan , Beck Kenneth C. , Morris Norman R. , Johnson Bruce D. 
Published: October 2011

Patients with heart failure (HF) display numerous derangements in ventilatory function, which together serve to increase the work of breathing (Wb) during exercise. However, the extent to which the resistive and elastic properties of the respiratory system contribute to the higherWbin these patients is unknown.We quantified the resistive and elasticWbin patients with stable HF (n=9; New York Heart Association functional class I–II) and healthy control subjects (n=9) at standardised levels of minute ventilation (V′E) during graded exercise. Dynamic lung compliance was systematically lower for a given level ofV′Ein HF patients than controls (p<0.05). HF patients displayed slightly higher levels of inspiratory elasticWbwith greater amounts of ventilatory constraint and resistiveWbthan control subjects during exercise (p<0.05).Our data indicates that the higherWbin HF patients is primarily due to a greater resistive, rather than elastic, load to breathing. The greater resistiveWbin these patients probably reflects an increased hysteresivity of the airways and lung tissues. The marginally higher inspiratory elasticWbobserved in HF patients appears related to a combined decrease in the compliances of the lungs and chest wall. The clinical and physiological implications of our findings are discussed.
Subclinical atherosclerosis, airflow obstruction and emphysema: the MESA Lung Study
Authors: Barr R.G. , Ahmed F.S. , Carr J.J. , Hoffman E.A. , Jiang R. , Kawut S.M. , Watson K. 
Published: October 2011

Airflow obstruction is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in the general population. The affected vascular bed and contribution of emphysema to cardiovascular risk are unclear. We examined whether an obstructive pattern of spirometry and quantitatively defined emphysema were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid, peripheral and coronary circulations.The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis recruited participants aged 45–84 yrs without clinical cardiovascular disease. Spirometry, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), ankle-brachial index (ABI) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) were measured using standard protocols. Percentage of emphysema-like lung was measured in the lung windows of cardiac computed tomography scans among 3,642 participants. Multiple linear regression was used to adjust for cardiac risk factors, including C-reactive protein.Decrements in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio were associated with greater internal carotid IMT, particularly among smokers (p=0.03 and p<0.001, respectively) whereas percentage emphysema was associated with reduced ABI regardless of smoking history (p=0.004). CAC was associated with neither lung function (prevalence ratio for the presence of CAC in severe airflow obstruction 0.99, 95% CI 0.91–1.07) nor percentage emphysema.An obstructive pattern of spirometry and emphysema were associated distinctly and independently with subclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries and peripheral circulation, respectively, and were not independently related to CAC.
Adaptive Approach to the Estimation of Uncertainty in Industrial Quality Testing Using Image Sensors
Authors: Weißensee Karina , Linß Gerhard , Kühn Olaf 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
For drawing the right conclusions from an indicated measuring value of a quantity to the unit under test, it is indispensable to express the assigned expanded measurement uncertainty. For the industrial quality testing image sensors are widely used due to their multitude of advantages, e. g. the contactless operation mode, the high level of automation connected with the short measurement time and the flexibility in the measurement of different workpieces. This paper is derived to propose a new knowledge-based approach to the adaptive and automated uncertainty estimation for precision coordinate measurements using image sensors. It can be shown, that the novel method gives estimates of measurement uncertainty which are practicable and widely corresponding with experimental effectuated uncertainty declarations.
MD Simulations of Compression of Nanoscale Iron Pillars
Authors: Healy Con J. , Ackland Graeme J. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIt is now possible to create perfect crystal nanowires of many metals. The deformation of such objects requires a good understanding of the processes involved in plasticity at the nanoscale. Isotropic compression of such nanometre scale micropillars is a good model system to understand the plasticity. Here we investigate these phenomena using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of nanometre scale single crystal BCC iron pillars in compression.We find that pillars with large length to width ratio may buckle under high strain rates. The type of buckling behaviour depends sensitively on the boundary conditions used: periodic boundary conditions allow for rotation at top and bottom of the pillar, and result in an S shaped buckle, by contrast fixed boundaries enforce a C shape. Pillars with a length to width ratio closer to that used in experimental micropillar compression studies show deformation behaviour dominated by slip, in agreement with the experiments. For micropillars oriented along <100>, slip occurs on <110> planes and localized slip bands are formed. Pillars of this size experience higher stresses than bulk materials before yielding takes place. One might expect that this may be in part due to the lack of nucleation sites needed to induce slip. However, further simulations with possible dislocation sources: a shorter iron pillar containing a spherical grain boundary, and a similar pillar containing jagged edges did not show a decreased yield strength.
Serial Head Circumference and Neurodevelopmental Screening after Surgical Correction for Single- and Multiple-Suture Craniosynostosis
Authors: Carlisle Michael P. , Mehta Sagar T. , Sykes Kevin J. , Singhal Virender K. 
Published: October 2011

Objective To evaluate serial head circumference (HC) measurements and neurodevelopmental (ND) screening before and after surgical revision for craniosynostosis. Design Retrospective assessment. Setting Tertiary institutional. Patients, Participants All children treated with single-stage frontal-orbital advancement or total calvarial expansion for single-suture (SS) or multiple-suture (MS) craniosynostosis over a 7-year period. Main Outcome Measures Changes in ND and HC were measured over postoperative visits after the primary surgery. More importantly, ND and HC changes were measured prerevision and postrevision. Results Of 183 patients undergoing primary surgery, complete records and adequate follow-up were available for 112 patients. The overall revision rate was 21% (n = 23). Postrevision follow-up was adequate for 18 of the 23 revisions. After primary surgery, but prior to revision, children demonstrated a larger decline in HC(z-score, median = -1) along with higher ND findings (median = 2) from one postoperative visit to the next than those who did not go on revision (HC z-score median = 0, ND median = 0). After revision, patients demonstrated a significant improvement in ND screening findings (median AND findings = -2) compared with prerevision ND (p < .001). Head circumference also significantly increased by a z-score of +1 postrevision (p = .001). Conclusions Patients chosen for revision surgery display not only a larger decline in HC but also more ND findings prior to revision. Furthermore, surgical revision has a significant association with both improved ND screening and HC.
Living Kidney Donors Ages 70 and Older
Authors: Berger Jonathan C. , Muzaale Abimereki D. , James Nathan , Hoque Mohammed , Wang Jacqueline M. Garonzik , Montgomery Robert A. , Massie Allan B. , Hall Erin C. , Segev Dorry L. 
Published: October 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
The profound organ shortage has resulted in longer waiting times and increased mortality for those awaiting kidney transplantation. Consequently, patients are turning to older living donors. It is unclear if an upper age limit for donation should exist, both in terms of recipient and donor outcomes.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In the United States, 219 healthy adults aged ≥70 have donated kidneys at 80 of 279 transplant centers. Competing risks models with matched controls were used to study the independent association between older donor age and allograft survival, accounting for the competing risk of recipient mortality as well as other transplant factors.

Results
Among recipients of older live donor allografts, graft loss was significantly higher than matched 50-to 59-year-old live donor allografts (subhazard ratio [SHR] 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16 to 2.28, P = 0.005) but similar to matched nonextended criteria 50-to 59-year-old deceased donor allografts (SHR 1.19, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.63, P = 0.3). Mortality among living kidney donors aged ≥70 was no higher than healthy matched controls drawn from the NHANES-III cohort; in fact, mortality was lower, probably reflecting higher selectivity among older live donors than could be captured in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES-III; HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.65, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
These findings support living donation among older adults but highlight the advantages of finding a younger donor, particularly for younger recipients.
Age-Specific Associations of Reduced Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate with Concurrent Chronic Kidney Disease Complications
Authors: Bowling C. Barrett , Inker Lesley A. , Gutiérrez Orlando M. , Allman Richard M. , Warnock David G. , McClellan William , Muntner Paul 
Published: October 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
It has been suggested that moderate reductions in estimated GFR (eGFR) among older adults may not reflect chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We examined age-specific (<60, 60 to 69, 70 to 79, and ≥80 years) associations between eGFR level and six concurrent CKD complications among 30,528 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988 to 1994 and 1999 to 2006 (n = 8242 from NHANES 2003 to 2006 for hyperparathyroidism). Complications included anemia (hemoglobin <12 g/dl women, <13.5 g/dl men), acidosis (bicarbonate <22 mEq/L), hyperphosphatemia (phosphorus ≥4.5 mg/dl), hypoalbuminemia (albumin <3.5 mg/dl), hyperparathyroidism (intact parathyroid hormone ≥70 pg/ml), and hypertension (systolic/diastolic BP ≥140/90 mmHg or antihypertensive use).

Results
Among participants ≥80 years old, compared with those with estimated GFR (eGFR) ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, the multivariable adjusted prevalence ratios (95% confidence interval) associated with eGFR levels of 45 to 59 and <45 ml/min per 1.73 m2 were 1.39 (1.11 to1.73) and 2.06 (1.59 to 2.67) for anemia, 1.33 (0.89 to 1.98) and 2.47 (1.52 to 4.00) for acidosis, 1.11 (0.70 to 1.76) and 2.16 (1.36 to 3.42) for hyperphosphatemia, 2.04 (1.39 to 3.00) and 2.83 (1.76 to 4.53) for hyperparathyroidism and 1.09 (1.03 to 1.14), and 1.12 (1.05 to 1.19) for hypertension, respectively. Higher prevalence ratios for these complications at lower eGFR levels were also present at younger ages. Reduced eGFR was associated with hypoalbuminemia only for adults <70.

Conclusions
Reduced eGFR was associated with a higher prevalence of several concurrent CKD complications, regardless of age.