bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of reconstruction and acquisition parameters for GRAPPA‐based parallel imaging on the image quality
Authors: Bauer S. , Markl M. , Honal M. , Jung B. A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractParallel imaging based on generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions is widely used in the clinical routine. To date, no detailed analysis has been presented describing the dependence of the image quality on the reconstruction and acquisition parameters such as the number of autocalibration signal (ACS) lines NACS, the reconstruction kernel size (bx × by), and the undersampling factor R. To evaluate their influence on the performance of generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions, two phantom data sets acquired with 12‐channel and 32‐channel receive coils and three in vivo measurements were analyzed. Reconstruction parameters were systematically varied between R = 2–4, NACS = 4–64, bx = 1–9, and by = 2–10 to characterize their influence on image quality and noise. A main aspect of the analysis was to optimize the parameter set with respect to the effectively achieved net image acceleration. Selecting the undersampling factor R as small as possible for a given net acceleration yielded the best result in a clear majority of cases. For all data sets and coil geometries, the optimal kernel sizes and number of ACS lines were similar for a chosen undersampling factor R. In summary, the number of ACS lines should not be chosen below NACS = 10–16. A robust choice for the kernel size was bx = 9 and by = 2–4. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uncertainty quantification in homogenization of heterogeneous microstructures modeled by XFEM
Authors: Hiriyur Badri , Waisman Haim , Deodatis George 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn extended finite element method (XFEM) coupled with a Monte Carlo approach is proposed to quantify the uncertainty in the homogenized effective elastic properties of multiphase materials. The methodology allows for an arbitrary number, aspect ratio, location and orientation of elliptic inclusions within a matrix, without the need for fine meshes in the vicinity of tightly packed inclusions and especially without the need to remesh for every different generated realization of the microstructure. Moreover, the number of degrees of freedom in the enriched elements is dynamically reallocated for each Monte Carlo sample run based on the given volume fraction. The main advantage of the proposed XFEM‐based methodology is a major reduction in the computational effort in extensive Monte Carlo simulations compared with the standard FEM approach. Monte Carlo and XFEM appear to work extremely efficiently together. The Monte Carlo approach allows for the modeling of the size, aspect ratios, orientations, and spatial distribution of the elliptical inclusions as random variables with any prescribed probability distributions. Numerical results are presented and the uncertainty of the homogenized elastic properties is discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal locations for MR dampers in civil structures using improved Ant Colony algorithm
Authors: Amini F. , Ghaderi P. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThis paper studies a design problem concerning installation locations for a number of structural magneto‐rheological (MR) dampers. The mechanical characteristic of each MR damper is functional dependent to an input current, which is regulated by a Fuzzy Logic controller. It is demanded that the chosen arrangement of dampers should change the dynamic response of the structure to meet certain constraints expressed in terms of minimization of an objective function. For this purpose, an improved version of Ant Colony Optimization algorithm is presented. The modified algorithm also utilizes additional heuristic data derivable from a pre‐analysis of the structure in the optimization procedure. Further improvements regarding convergence speed of search algorithm are proposed as well, provided numerical examples study the functionality of the algorithm in different cases. With an acceptable probability from a structural designer's point of view, the proposed method finds qualified solutions during a reasonable number of search iterations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hematopoietic cell transplantation with autologous cord blood in patients with severe aplastic anemia: An opportunity to revisit the controversy regarding cord blood banking for private use
Authors: Rosenthal Joseph , Woolfrey Ann E. , Pawlowska Anna , Thomas Sandra H. , Appelbaum Frederick , Forman Stephen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe controversy surrounding private banking of umbilical cord blood units (CBU), as a safeguard against future malignancy or other life‐threatening conditions, raises many questions in pediatric clinical practice. Recent favorable experiences with autologous transplantation for severe aplastic anemia using privately stored CBU, suggested a possible utility. While private banking is difficult to justify statistically or empirically, there may exist rare cases where autologous transplant of stored umbilical CBU could be beneficial. The reality of privately banked CBU and the possibility for future discovery of additional indications for autologous cord blood transplant, motivated us to re‐examine our attitudes towards private cord blood banking. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:1009–1012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Communication and language challenges experienced by Chinese and South Asian immigrant parents of children with cancer in Canada: Implications for health services delivery
Authors: Gulati Sonia , Watt Lisa , Shaw Nicola , Sung Lillian , Poureslami Iraj M. , Klaassen Robert , Dix David , Klassen Anne F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundLanguage is an important aspect of health literacy and plays a vital role in families' ability to access and use health information and resources. Our study explored the role of communication and language in the healthcare experiences of immigrant parents of children with cancer living in Canada.ProcedureWe used a grounded theory approach. Chinese and South Asian parents of children 6 months post‐diagnosis were recruited from six Canadian pediatric oncology centers. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted in Cantonese, Mandarin, Hindi, Punjabi, Urdu, or English. Questions relevant to communication included: how parents navigated the healthcare system; nature of interpreter services and translated materials; and suggestions about how to improve services. Analysis involved line‐by‐line, focused and theoretical coding, and constant comparison.ResultsThirty‐one (62%) parents reported no difficulty communicating with healthcare providers in English, while 13 (26%) parents struggled with English, and six (12%) parents could not communicate in English. Communication challenges influenced parents' role in caring for their child and made it difficult to learn complex medical terminology. Interpreting services were sometimes inadequate or not accessible. Parents occasionally missed out on services and resources, reported limited availability of linguistically and culturally appropriate information, and experienced a lack of social integration in the healthcare process.ConclusionLanguage ability played an essential role in parents' healthcare experiences for pragmatic and social purposes. Language challenges can heighten systemic and socio‐cultural barriers to accessing health information and resources. The provision of enhanced culturally and linguistically sensitive services may support immigrant families in their caregiving role. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 572–578. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supratentorial ependymoma in children: To observe or to treat following gross total resection?
Authors: Venkatramani Rajkumar , Dhall Girish , Patel Moneil , Grimm John , Hawkins Cynthia , McComb Gordon , Krieger Mark , Wong Kenneth , O'Neil Sharon , Finlay Jonathan L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe standard treatment for ependymoma is surgical resection followed by postoperative irradiation to the local site. The role of radiation therapy in completely resected supratentorial ependymoma has been questioned over the past two decades.ProcedureRetrospective review of the medical records of all consecutively diagnosed supratentorial ependymoma patients at Children's Hospital Los Angeles between January 1999 and December 2009.ResultsTen patients (three females) were included. The median age at presentation was 5.6 years (range 1.8–15.6 years). Reviewed histology was anaplastic ependymoma in seven patients and cellular ependymoma in three patients. Gross total resection was achieved in six patients; five were observed and one received chemotherapy. In the four patients who underwent subtotal resection, one was observed, two received local irradiation and one received irradiation and chemotherapy. The median length of follow up was 43 (range 22–81) months. Four relapses were observed; two patients who underwent initial gross total resection. All patients who underwent gross total resection were alive at the time of preparation of this article. The 5‐year progression‐free and overall survival rates were 53 ± 19% and 86 ± 13% respectively.ConclusionsRadiation therapy was avoided in five patients following gross total resection, four of whom had anaplastic histology. In some children with completely resected supratentorial ependymoma, surgery alone may be an acceptable treatment option. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 380–383. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of fiber loading and orientation on mechanical and erosion wear behaviors of glass–epoxy composites
Authors: Biswas Sandhyarani , Deo Basu , Patnaik Amar , Satapathy Alok 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFor a composite material, its mechanical behavior and surface damage by solid particle erosion depend on many factors. One of the most important factors is the fiber content. Similarly, these properties are also greatly affected by the fiber orientation. In this work, a series of experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of fiber loading and fiber orientation on mechanical and erosion behavior of glass fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites. The composites were fabricated with three different fiber loadings (20, 30, and 40 wt%) and at four different fiber orientations (15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°). The conclusions drawn on the basis of the experimental findings are discussed, and composite with 30° fiber orientation shows better microhardness compared with other fiber orientations irrespective of fiber loading. Similar observations are also noticed for other mechanical properties of the composites, such as tensile strength, flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength, impact strength, etc. Finally, the morphology of eroded surfaces is examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and possible erosion mechanisms are identified. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Alternating copolymers incorporating cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene unit and organic dyes for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Cheng Yen‐Ju , Hung Lung‐Chang , Cao Fong‐Yi , Kao Wei‐Shun , Chang Chih‐Yu , Hsu Chain‐Shu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe have synthesized six p‐type copolymers, CPDT‐co‐TPADCN, CPDT‐co‐TPADTA, CPDT‐co‐TPATCN, CPDT‐co‐DFADCN, CPDT‐co‐DFADTA, and CPDT‐co‐DFATCN, consisting of a cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene (CPDT) unit and an organic dye in an alternating arrangement. Triphenylamine (TPA) or difluorenylphenyl amine (DFA) units serve as the electron donors, whereas dicyanovinyl (DCN), 1,3‐diethyl‐2‐thiobarbituric acid, or tricyanovinyl (TCN) units act as the electron acceptors in the dyes. The target polymers were prepared via Stille coupling, followed by postfunctionalization to introduce the electron acceptors to the side chains. Because of the strongest withdrawing ability of TCN acceptor to induce efficient intramolecular charge transfer, CPDT‐co‐TPATCN and CPDT‐co‐DFATCN exhibit the broader absorption spectra covering from 400 to 900 nm and the narrower optical band gaps of 1.34 eV. However, the CPDT‐co‐TPATCN:PC71BM and CPDT‐co‐DFATCN:PC71BM based solar cells showed the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 0.22 and 0.31%, respectively, due to the inefficient exciton dissociation. The DFA‐based polymers possess deeper‐lying HOMO energy levels than the TPA‐based polymer analogues, leading to the higher Voc values and better efficiencies. The device based on CPDT‐co‐DFADTA:PC71BM blend achieved the best PCE of 1.38% with a Voc of 0.7 V, a Jsc of 4.57 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 0.43. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Synthesis, two‐photon absorption, and optical power limiting of new linear and hyperbranched conjugated polyynes based on bithiazole and triphenylamine
Authors: Jiang Yihua , Wang Yaochuan , Yang Jiabao , Hua Jianli , Wang Bing , Qian Shiqiong , Tian He 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTwo new linear and hyperbranched conjugated polymers P1 and P2 have been synthesized by Sonogashira coupling reaction, in which the main chain consists of bithiazole moieties as electron acceptors and triphenylamino groups as donors. The conjugated polymers were characterized by TGA, UV–vis absorption, fluorescence emission, electrochemical cyclic voltammetry, and two‐photon absorption measurements. They exhibited excellent solubility in organic solvents and high thermal stability (5% of weight loss at 299 °C). The two‐photon absorption cross sections (σ) measured by the open aperture Z‐scan technique using 140 femtosecond (fs) pulse were determined to be 1014 and 552 GM per repeating unit for P1 and P2, respectively. This result shows that the σ of linear conjugated P1 is higher than that of hyperbranched P2, indicating that the linear polymer offers better intramolecular charge transfer ability. In THF, P1 and P2 exhibit intense frequency up‐converted fluorescence under the excitation of 140 fs pulses at 800 nm with the peaks located at 580 and 548 nm, respectively. Meanwhile, the optical limiting behaviors for the polymers were studied by using a focused 800 nm laser beam of 140 fs duration. It was found that these polymers also exhibit good optical‐limiting properties and make them potential candidates for optical limiters in the photonic fields. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Separation of ethylene‐propylene copolymers and ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymers using high‐temperature interactive liquid chromatography
Authors: Chitta Rajesh , Macko Tibor , Brüll Robert , Van Doremaele Gerard , Heinz Lars‐Christian 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEthylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymers (EPDM) are generally amorphous and, therefore, do not crystallize from solution. Consequently, fractionation techniques based on crystallization, such as crystallization analysis fractionation or temperature rising elution fractionation, cannot be used to analyze their chemical composition distribution. Moreover, no suitable chromatographic system was known, which would enable to separate them according to their chemical composition. In this study, two different sorbent/solvent systems are tested with regard to the capability to separate EPDM‐terpolymers and ethylene‐propylene (EP)‐copolymers according to chemical composition. While porous graphite/1‐decanol system is selective towards ethylene and ethylidene‐2‐norbornene, carbon coated zirconia/2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol is preferentially selective towards ethylene. Consequently, the earlier system enables to separate both EP copolymers and EPDM according to the chemical composition and the latter mainly according to the ethylene content. The results prove that the chromatographic separation in both sorbent/solvent systems is not influenced by molar mass of a sample or by its long chain branching. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of functional dendritic oligothiophenes
Authors: Zhang Weifeng , Ng Ging Meng , Tam Hoi Lam , Wong Man Shing , Zhu Furong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNovel p‐type and low bandgap functional dendritic oligothiophenes bearing hole‐transporting carbazole as peripheral substituents and an electron‐withdrawing dicyanovinyl core group, namely, DCT(n)‐DCN, where n = 1 or 2 for solution‐processable photovoltaic (PV) applications have been synthesized. With electron‐donating carbazole surface‐functionalized moieties conjugated with dicyanovinyl core group, the optical bandgap of these functional dendritic oligothiophene thin‐films greatly reduces to 1.74 eV with a strong spectral broadening and a high ionization potential at ∼5.5 eV as determined by UV photoelectron spectroscopy. The bulk heterojunction PV cells fabricated from these dendrimers blended with PC71BM as an acceptor showed a power conversion efficiency up to 1.64% with an open circuit voltage of (Voc) = 0.93 V in the annealed device. We have demonstrated that the desirable molecular and PV properties of dendritic oligothiophenes can be obtained/tuned by the incorporation of functional group(s) onto peripheral of the dendron and into the core. In addition, these functional dendritic oligothiophenes show superior functional properties even at low dendritic generation as compared to the unsubstituted higher generation dendritic oligothiophenes as a p‐type, low‐bandgap semiconductor for solution‐processable bulk heterojunction PV cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Magnetic‐targeted pH‐responsive drug delivery system via layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly of polyelectrolytes onto drug‐containing emulsion droplets and its controlled release
Authors: Mu Bin , Liu Peng , Du Pengcheng , Dong Yun , Lu Chunyin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNovel magnetic‐targeted pH‐responsive drug delivery system have been designed by the layer‐by‐layer self‐ assembly of the polyelectrolytes (oligochitosan as the polycation and sodium alginate as the polyanion) via the electrostatic interaction with the oil‐in‐water type hybrid emulsion droplets containing the superparamagnetic ferroferric oxide nanoparticles and drug molecules [dipyridamole (DIP)] as cores. Here the drug molecules were directly encapsulated into the interior of droplets without etching the templates and refilling with the desired guest molecules. The drug‐delivery system showed high encapsulation efficiency of drugs and drug‐loading capacity. The cumulative release ratio of dipyridamole from the oligochitosan/sodium alginate multilayer‐encapsulated magnetic hybrid emulsion droplets (DIP/Fe3O4‐OA/OA)@(OCS/SAL)4 was up to almost 100% after 31 h at pH 1.8. However, the cumulative release ratio was only 3.3% at pH 7.4 even after 48 h. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
The psychological impact of a cancer diagnosed during pregnancy: determinants of long‐term distress
Authors: Henry Melissa , Huang Lina N. , Sproule Barbara J. , Cardonick Elyce H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground: Cancer occurs during one in 1000–5000 of the approximately 6 million yearly US pregnancies identified by the American Pregnancy Association. Although a newly diagnosed cancer is associated with substantial distress, little is known about cancer's emotional impact on women when diagnosed during pregnancy, and no studies have been conducted on the subject.Objective: The Cancer and Pregnancy Registry was developed by Elyce H. Cardonick MD, specialist in Maternal and Fetal Medicine and Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, to examine the consequences of maternal cancer diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes, including the impact of in utero exposure to chemotherapy.Methods: Participants were asked to complete questionnaires, including measures of psychological distress, permitting the examination of variables associated with long‐term psychological distress in women following a cancer diagnosis in pregnancy.Results: Seventy‐four women completed the Brief Symptom Inventory‐18 and Impact of Event Scale on average 3.8 years (SD 2.5) following their cancer diagnosis. Potential variables related to distress included information on: sociodemographics, disease, pregnancy, birth, cancer treatment, and health status. Multiple regression analyses revealed that women were at higher risk of long‐term distress if they had not received fertility assistance, had been advised to terminate the pregnancy, had had a preterm baby, had had a cesarean delivery, had not produced sufficient milk to breastfeed, had been experiencing a recurrence, and/or had undergone surgery post‐pregnancy.Conclusion: Results are discussed in light of our current knowledge of the normal developmental phase of pregnancy and motherhood. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vascular proteomics and the discovery process of clinical biomarkers: The case of TWEAK
Authors: Blanco‐Colio Luis M. , Martín‐Ventura Jose L. , Carrero Juan J. , Yilmaz Mahmut I. , Moreno Juan A. , Gómez‐Guerrero Carmen , Ortiz Alberto , Egido Jesús 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn the last years, big efforts are devoted to the search of novel biomarkers. Proteomic approaches in healthy and pathological samples may help us to discern differential protein expression patterns. These identified proteins include potential culprits in pathological pathways and/or clinical biomarkers to identify individuals at risk. However, extensively validation must be carried out before their implementation into the clinical practice. Biomarkers need to discriminate between health and disease, detect preclinical disease stages, have impact on survival prediction, and add predictive value beyond traditional risk factors and global risk algorithms. Now, we summarize the data of soluble tumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK), a new cardiovascular biomarker identified by proteomic analysis. Decreased sTWEAK concentrations have been shown in patients with carotid atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, peripheral artery disease, or chronic kidney disease (CKD). sTWEAK predicted adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure, myocardial infarction, and CKD. Finally, different drug regimens were able to modify sTWEAK plasma levels in patients with CKD. Although sTWEAK seems so far to fulfill the requisites in the development of a new biomarker, more large‐scale studies are warranted to consolidate its usefulness.
Proteomic analysis of urinary upper gastrointestinal cancer markers
Authors: Husi Holger , Stephens Nathan , Cronshaw Andrew , MacDonald Alisdair , Gallagher Iain , Greig Carolyn , Fearon Kenneth C. H. , Ross James A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose: We have investigated the use of human urine as a non‐invasive medium to screen for molecular biomarkers of carcinomas of the upper gastrointestinal (uGI) tract using SELDI‐TOF‐MS.Experimental design: A total of 120 urine specimens from 60 control and 60 uGI cancer patients were analysed to establish a potential biomarker fingerprint for the weak cation exchanger CM10 chip surface, which was validated by blind testing using a further 59 samples from 33 control and 26 uGI cancer patients.Results: Using Biomarker Pattern software, we established a model with a sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 95% for the learning sample set, and a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 72% for the validation data set. Model variable importance included six peptides with m/z of 10 230, 10 436, 10 574, 10 311, 10 467, and 1 0118 of which the 10 230 molecular species was the main decider (sensitivity 86% and specificity 80%). Initial protein database searching identified 10 230 as S100‐A6, 10 436 as S100‐P, 10 467 as S100‐A9, and 10 574 as S100‐A12 of which S100‐A6 and S100‐A9 were confirmed by Western blotting.Conclusions and clinical relevance: We have demonstrated that SELDI‐TOF‐MS as a screening tool is a rapid and valid methodology in the search for urinary cancer biomarkers, and is potentially useful in defining and consolidating biomarker patterns for uGI cancer screening.