bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Periodontal Disease in Rats Decreases Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Signaling in Adult Offspring
Authors: Shirakashi Daisy J. , Leal Rosana P. , Colombo Natalia H. , Chiba Fernando Y. , Garbin Cléa A.S. , Jardim Elerson G. , Antoniali Cristina , Sumida Doris H. 
Published: June 2012

Background: Periodontal disease during pregnancy has been recognized as one of the causes of preterm and low‐birth‐weight (PLBW) babies. Several studies have demonstrated that PLBW babies are prone to developing insulin resistance as adults. Although there is controversy over the association between periodontal disease and PLBW, the phenomenon known as programming can translate any stimulus or aggression experienced during intrauterine growth into physiologic and metabolic alterations in adulthood. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether the offspring of rats with periodontal disease develop insulin resistance in adulthood.Methods: Ten female Wistar rats were divided into periodontal disease (PED) and control (CN) groups. All rats were mated at 7 days after induction of periodontal disease. Male offspring were divided into two groups: 1) periodontal disease offspring (PEDO; n = 24); and 2) control offspring (CNO; n = 24). Offspring body weight was measured from birth until 75 days. When the offspring reached 75 days old, the following parameters were measured: 1) plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, fructosamine, lipase, amylase, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α); 2) insulin sensitivity (IS); and 3) insulin signal transduction (IST) in insulin‐sensitive tissues.Results: Low birth weight was not detected in the PEDO group. However, plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, fructosamine, lipase, amylase, and TNF‐α were increased and IS and IST were reduced (P <0.05) in the PEDO group compared with the CNO group.Conclusion: Maternal periodontal disease may induce insulin resistance and reduce IST in adult offspring, but such alterations are not attributable to low birth weight.
Periodontal Diagnosis Affected by Variation in Terminology
Authors: Martin John A. , Grill Ashley C. , Matthews Abigail G. , Vena Don , Thompson Van P. , Craig Ronald G. , Curro Frederick A. 
Published: June 2012

Background: The randomized case presentation (RCP) study is designed to assess the degree of diagnostic accuracy for described periodontal cases. This is to lay the basis for practitioner calibration in the Practitioners Engaged in Applied Research and Learning (PEARL) Network for future clinical studies.Methods: The RCP consisted of 10 case scenarios ranging from periodontal health to gingivitis and mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis. Respondents were asked to diagnose the described cases. Survey diagnoses were compared to two existing classifications of periodontal disease status. The RCP was administered via a proprietary electronic data capture system maintained by the PEARL Data Coordinating Center. Standard analytic techniques, including frequency counts and cross‐tabulations, were used for categorical data with mean and standard deviation and median values reported for continuous data elements.Results: Demonstrable variations in periodontal assessment for health, gingivitis, and mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis were found among the 130 PEARL general practitioners who participated in the RCP survey. The highest agreement for diagnosis among dentists was for severe periodontitis (88%) and the lowest for gingivitis (55%). The highest percentage of variation was found in cases with health and gingivitis.Conclusions: There was variation among PEARL practitioners in periodontal diagnosis that may affect treatment outcomes. Our findings add clinical support to recent publications suggesting a need for standardization of terminology in periodontitis diagnosis.
Therapeutic Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Vitamin C on Alveolar Bone Resorption After Experimental Periodontitis in Rats: A Biochemical, Histochemical, and Stereologic Study
Authors: Akman Sumeyra , Canakci Varol , Kara Adem , Tozoglu Ummuhan , Arabaci Taner , Dagsuyu İlhan Metin 
Published: June 2012

Background: Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and vitamin C (Vit‐C) are very important and powerful antioxidants that have been used for the treatment of many diseases. The present study aims to investigate the role of ALA and Vit‐C substances in the treatment of alveolar bone resorption in periodontal diseases.Methods: Thirty‐six male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: 1) control rats; 2) rats with experimental periodontitis (PED); 3) rats with PED treated with ALA (ALA); and 4) rats with PED treated with ALA+Vit‐C (ALA+Vit‐C). PED was simulated by placing ligatures around the neck of teeth for 5 weeks. After ligature removal, the PED group was given a single intragastric dose of 1 mL saline, and the ALA and ALA+Vit‐C groups were treated with an intragastric dose of 50 mg/kg ALA and ALA+Vit‐C for 15 days, respectively. Levels of serum bone alkaline phosphatase (B‐ALP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in gingival tissues were analyzed. To evaluate the osteoclast activation, expression of activated receptor activator nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL) and bone density index (BDI) were determined stereologically in the bone sections obtained from the mandibles of the rats.Results: The results showed statistically significant differences between the PED group and groups treated with antioxidant according to B‐ALP, MPO, RANKL, and BDI values (P <0.05). ALA and ALA+Vit‐C treatments showed beneficial effects on the mesial/distal periodontal bone support at the ligature‐induced periodontitis tooth areas.Conclusion: This study shows that ALA and Vit‐C treatment provides therapeutic effects on inhibition of alveolar bone resorption and periodontal tissue destruction.
Mandibular rotation during the transitional dentition
Authors: Ueno Hiroshi , Behrents Rolf G. , Oliver Donald R. , Buschang Peter H. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Objective:
To determine whether dentoalveolar changes or vertical condylar growth is more closely related to the true forward rotation of the mandible during the transition between the late primary and early mixed dentition stages of development.

Materials and Methods:
The sample included 50 subjects (25 males and 25 females) with Class I (N  =  25) and Class II (N  =  25) molar relationships. They were selected based on the availability of lateral cephalograms at two developmental stages: T1: last film with complete primary dentition (5.8 ± 0.4 years) and T2: first film with permanent incisors and permanent molars fully erupted (8.0 ± 0.2 years). Seventeen landmarks were identified and 22 measurements were calculated. The mandibles at T1 and T2 were superimposed using natural reference structures in order to measure true mandibular rotation.

Results:
The mandible underwent −2.4° ± 2.6° of true rotation, 1.9° ± 2.4° of remodeling, and −0.6° ± 1.8° of apparent rotation. There were no significant sex or Class differences in true rotation, remodeling, and apparent rotation. There was a moderate correlation (r  =  0.76) between true rotation and remodeling and a moderately low correlation (r  =  0.40) between true rotation and apparent rotation. There was a weak correlation between true rotation and SNA (r  =  0.28). True rotation was most closely associated with the increases in U1/S-N (r  =  −0.34), increases in U1/PP (r  =  −0.36), and decreases in Id-Me (r  =  0.36).

Conclusions:
Independent of sex and Class, the true mandibular rotation that occurred between the late primary and early mixed dentition was mostly masked by angular remodeling, resulting in limited amounts of apparent rotation. True rotation was significantly related to anterior dentoalveolar changes but not to the vertical growth changes that occurred.
Association between third mandibular molar impaction and degree of root development in adolescents
Authors: Lauesen Søren Rødsgaard , Andreasen Jens O. , Gerds Thomas Alexander , Christensen Søren Steno Ahrensburg , Borum Mette , Hillerup Søren 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Objective:
To compare the root development and the growth rate of the mandibular third molar (M3 inf) in individuals where the M3 inf erupted vs individuals exhibiting M3 inf impaction.

Materials and Methods:
Serial standardized intraoral radiographs (Eggen technique) were taken annually of the mandibular third molar region from 132 subjects (71 male and 61 female) from 15 to 20 years of age. Based on the films, 264 lower third molars were classified into an eruption and an impaction group. Root development was recorded according to a quantitative method described by Haavikko (1970), and the eruption status was analyzed using logistic regression.

Results:
In total, 155 (59%) of the M3 inf erupted, and 109 (41%) were impacted at age 20. In 44 (33%) patients both M3 inf were impacted, in 21 (16%) patients one tooth was erupted and the contralateral tooth impacted, and in 67 (51%) patients both M3 inf were erupted. The more mature a tooth was at age 15, the higher was the probability of eruption (odds ratio: 3.89, P &lt; .001). The growth rate of the root development stage was statistically significantly associated with the probability of eruption (odds ratio: 10.50, P  =  .041).

Conclusions:
Delayed mandibular third molar root development is associated with impaction. Radiographs taken at age 15 may predict the risk of impaction and thereby guide decision making for the orthodontist or the oral and maxillofacial surgeon.
Evaluation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in experimentally inoculated sheep and determination of Anaplasma spp seroprevalence in 8 free-ranging sheep flocks in California and Oregon
Authors: Gorman Jennifer K. , Hoar Bruce R. , Nieto Nathan C. , Foley Janet E. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate disease progression in sheep experimentally inoculated with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and determine the Anaplasma spp seroprevalence in sheep in free-ranging flocks in the Sierra Nevada foothills and Oregon Coast Range.
Animals—10 mature ewes seronegative for Anaplasma spp and 251 sheep from 8 flocks.
Procedures—10 ewes received 1 of 3 treatments: A phagocytophilum Webster strain (n = 4), A phagocytophilum MRK strain (4), or human promyelocytic leukemia cells (control treatment [2]). Sheep were monitored for signs of clinical disease, and blood samples were obtained for serologic and PCR assay evaluation intermittently for 48 days. From a subsample of sheep from each of 8 free-ranging flocks, blood samples were obtained to determine Anaplasma spp seroprevalence.
Results—Sheep inoculated with A phagocytophilum developed subclinical or mild disease, whereas sheep inoculated with the control treatment did not develop any signs of disease. Only 2 ewes seroconverted; both had received the MRK strain. Anaplasma-specific DNA was detected in blood samples from 1 sheep in the Webster strain–inoculated group and 3 sheep in the MRK strain–inoculated group. Sheep seropositive for Anaplasma spp were detected in 5 of 8 flocks, and flocks in the Sierra Nevada foothills had higher within-flock seroprevalence (22%) than did flocks in the Oregon Coast Range (6.4%).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Infection with A phagocytophilum in mature sheep generally resulted in subclinical disease. Higher Anaplasma spp seroprevalence in sheep in the Sierra Nevada foothills corresponded to the geographic distribution of anaplasmosis reported for dogs, horses, and humans.
Optimization of Satellite Combination in Kinematic Positioning Mode with the Aid of Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Srinuandee Panithan , Satirapod Chalermchon , Ogaja Clement , Lee Hung-Kyu 
Published: June 2012

Optimization of Satellite Combination in Kinematic Positioning Mode with the Aid of Genetic AlgorithmThe basis of high precision relative positioning is the use of carrier phase measurements. Data differencing techniques are one of the keys to achieving high precision positioning results as they can significantly reduce a variety of errors or biases in the observations and models. Since GPS observations are usually contaminated by many errors such as the atmospheric biases, the receiver clock bias, the satellite clock bias, and so on, it is impossible to model all systematic errors in the functional model. Although the data differencing techniques are widely used for constructing the functional model, some un-modeled systematic biases still remain in the GPS observations following such differencing. Another key to achieving high precision positioning results is to fix the initial carrier phase ambiguities to their theoretical integer values. To obtain a high percentage of successful ambiguity-fixed rates, noisy GPS satellites have to be identified and removed from the data processing step. This paper introduces a new method using genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the best combination of GPS satellites which yields the highest number of successful ambiguity-fixed solutions in kinematic positioning mode. The results indicate that the use of GA can produce higher number of ambiguity-fixed solutions than the standard data processing technique.
Sensitivity of Lageos Orbits to Global Gravity Field Models
Authors: Sośnica K. , Thaller D. , Jäggi A. , Dach R. , Beutler G. 
Published: June 2012

Sensitivity of Lageos Orbits to Global Gravity Field ModelsPrecise orbit determination is an essential task when analyzing SLR data. The quality of the satellite orbits strongly depends on the models used for dynamic orbit determination. The global gravity field model used is one of the crucial elements, which has a significant influence on the satellite orbit and its accuracy. We study the impact of different gravity field models on the determination of the LAGEOS-1 and -2 orbits for data of the year 2008. Eleven gravity field models are compared, namely JGM3 and EGM96 based mainly on SLR, terrestrial and altimetry data, AIUB-CHAMP03S based uniquely on GPS-measurements made by CHAMP, AIUB-GRACE03S, ITG-GRACE2010 based on GRACE data, and the combined gravity field models based on different measurement techniques, such as EGM2008, EIGEN-GL04C, EIGEN51C, GOCO02S, GO-CONS-2-DIR-R2, AIUB-SST. The gravity field models are validated using the RMS of the observation residuals of 7-day LAGEOS solutions. The study reveals that GRACE-based models have the smallest RMS values (i.e., about 7.15 mm), despite the fact that no SLR data were used to determine them. The coefficient C20is not always well estimated in GRACE-only models. There is a significant improvement of the gravity field models based on CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE w.r.t. models of the pre-CHAMP era. The LAGEOS orbits are particularly sensitive to the long wavelength part of the gravity fields. Differences of the estimated orbits due to different gravity field models are noticeable up to degree and order of about 30. The RMS of residuals improves from about 40 mm for degree 8, to about 7 mm for the solutions up to degrees 14 and higher. The quality of the predicted orbits is studied, as well.
Towards Understanding Collaborative Learning in the Social Media Environment
Authors: Kljajić Borštnar Mirjana 
Published: June 2012

Towards Understanding Collaborative Learning in the Social Media Environment
‘Social media’, ‘Web 2.0’, ‘collaborative learning’ and user co-creation are just some of the terms that describe changes in the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in business, private life and society. The changing face of ICT has finally brought about the fulfilment of the term ‘Information Society’ and made an important impact on many fields of research, including collaborative learning. The effective use of ICT in support of group collaboration has been researched and discussed. The effectiveness was attributed to systematically organized and facilitated processes. Nevertheless, the results are not always better when group support systems (GSS) are used in comparison to face-to-face work. In contrast to the well-organized GSS-supported learning process, the social media environment is non-structured, rule-free and even chaotic. In this paper, we research the possibilities of eliciting group knowledge in the group-learning process in a social media environment. A total of 24 students assigned into three groups participated in the three-week long study. Their task was to solve a given research topic by solely using an unfamiliar social media environment and to present their findings after three weeks. Students were observed in their natural learning environment (school, home, the Flowr virtual environment), and their attitudes on collaborative work using social media tools were measured with a questionnaire at the end of the study. The results suggest that non-structured social media environment stimulates self-management of the group. Some insights into trust, motivation and conflicts in the collaborative problem solving are discussed.
Virtual Laboratory in Chemistry - Experimental Study of Understanding, Reproduction and Application of Acquired Knowledge of Subject's Chemical Content
Authors: Herga Nataša , Dinevski Dejan 
Published: June 2012

Virtual Laboratory in Chemistry - Experimental Study of Understanding, Reproduction and Application of Acquired Knowledge of Subject's Chemical Content
Traditional teaching does not often allow very active involvement of pupils in class. In chemistry and natural sciences in general experimental and laboratory work is one of the most effective methods for acquiring knowledge. Experimental work can also be exercised using virtual world. Virtual laboratory offers some important advantages. Understanding chemistry involves the ability of cognitive comprehension on three levels: the macroscopic level, the symbolic level and the level of particles where the virtual laboratory can be an effective tool. On this basis a didactic experiment was performed in order to verify the effectiveness of virtual laboratory from pupils' knowledge point of view. The experiment involved seventh grade pupils (N = 38). Furthermore, we tried to answer the question whether the learning results of pupils, according to the experimental design of classes using a virtual laboratory, are better than results gained through teaching classical science classes without visualization tools. The research of the didactic experiment carried out on a relatively small, pilot sample of pupils has shown that acquiring knowledge is more effective when using the virtual laboratory instead of classical teaching (in the case when classical approach does not include visualization elements crucial for learning and understanding chemistry).
Solving Complex Problems with Help of Experiential Learning
Authors: Bernik Mojca , Žnidaršič Jasmina 
Published: June 2012

Solving Complex Problems with Help of Experiential Learning
This paper presents the impact of experiential learning on solving complex problems. Analyzed are methods and techniques of experiential learning as an active form of learning. Presented are the results of research in which we examine whether the systematic approach of problem solving differs between the genders, if the perception of experience as a source of knowledge depends on the level of education, and examine a correlation between searching of all possible ways for successful problems solving and perception of experience as a source of knowledge.
Using the 3D Virtual Environments for Teaching: Report from the Field
Authors: Pivec Maja 
Published: June 2012

Using the 3D Virtual Environments for Teaching: Report from the Field
Virtual worlds represent a powerful media for instruction, offering a wide scope of tools for social interaction and innovation in learning that encourages student participation. Supported by the AVATAR course, teachers were able to productively create teaching and learning environments that support the needs of learners of diverse linguistic, cultural and economic backgrounds, all within a safe virtual environment. This paper outlines the AVATAR course structure, delivery, experiences, and post course reflections on teaching within a 3D virtual world.
Trends in ICT and Multimedia Supported Education
Authors: Papić Marko , Bešter Janez 
Published: June 2012

Trends in ICT and Multimedia Supported Education
The formal educational system is facing different problems regarding adaptation towards the needs of a modern knowledge society. In the article, two important and comprehensive challenges to today's formal educational system are discussed and commented upon. The first problem is the incoherence between the needs of the labor market and formal education system outcomes in terms of graduated students. Another problem is the distancing between the prevailing traditional pedagogical methods within formal educational institutions and the ways in which students acquire information and knowledge outside of the schools as they are becoming less and less interested in traditional lectures. It is argued that specific information and communication system technologies (ICT) supported mechanisms, such as social learning and virtual communities may address these challenges. Theories of communities and social learning that may be useful for implementation in the education system are explained and practical implementation is proposed.
The Conceptual Learning of Physics in Slovenian Secondary Schools
Authors: Ülen Simon , Gerlič Ivan 
Published: June 2012

The Conceptual Learning of Physics in Slovenian Secondary Schools
In the last decade, educational researchers have been intensively searching for new, innovative teaching approaches. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a great didactic potential and project COLOS (Conceptual Learning of Science) encourages the use of ICT in the contemporary educational process. In this paper we present the conceptual learning of Physics. With experimental research we investigated the effectiveness of such learning in Slovenian secondary school. Two groups of third-year students who were enrolled in an introductory Physics course participated in the study. In the experimental group students were taught through the conceptual learning and in the control group a traditional expository instruction was used. We examined the knowledge of students after carrying out lessons specifically on the topic of Electricity. Five thinking processes were assessed - Knowledge (Recall), Analysis, Comparison, Inference and Evaluation. We found that the conceptual learning was more effective than the traditional instruction.
The Influence of Roughness on the Discharge Coefficient of a Broad-Crested Weir
Authors: Pařílková Jana , Říha Jaromír , Zachoval Zbyněk 
Published: June 2012

The Influence of Roughness on the Discharge Coefficient of a Broad-Crested Weir
The use of environmentally-friendly materials in hydraulic engineering (e.g. the stone lining of weirs at levees) calls for the more accurate estimation of the discharge coefficient for broad-crested weirs with a rough crest surface. However, in the available literature sources the discharge coefficient of broad-crested weirs is usually expressed for a smooth crest. The authors of this paper have summarized the theoretical knowledge related to the effect of weir crest surface roughness on the discharge coefficient. The method of determination of the head-discharge relation for broad-crested weirs with a rough crest surface is proposed based on known discharge coefficient values for smooth surfaces and on the roughness parameters of the weir. For selected scenarios the theoretical results were compared with experimental research carried out at the Laboratory of Water Management Research, Faculty of Civil Engineering (FCE), Brno University of Technology (BUT).