bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of perinatal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jenkins Holly , Daskalopoulou Zoe , Opondo Charles , Alderdice Fiona , Fellmeth Gracia 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo systematically synthesise the evidence on prevalence of perinatal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Global Health, Global Index Medicus and the grey literature were searched with no language or date restrictions. The final search was carried out on 3 May 2022.Eligibility criteriaCross-sectional, cohort or case–control studies that assessed the prevalence of PTSD in pregnant or postpartum women in LMICs were included.Data extraction and synthesisScreening, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated with 95% CIs and prediction intervals (PI) using random-effects meta-analyses. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to explore possible sources of statistical heterogeneity.Results39 studies were included in the systematic review of which 38 were included in meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of clinically diagnosed perinatal PTSD was 4.2% (95% CI 2.2% to 6.8%; 95% PI 0–18%; 15 studies). The pooled prevalence of self-reported perinatal PTSD symptoms was 11.0% (95% CI 7.6% to 15.0%; 95% PI 0–36%; 23 studies). There was no evidence of differences in prevalence according to perinatal stage (antenatal versus postnatal), geographical region, type of setting or study quality.ConclusionsFindings of this review suggest 1 in 10 perinatal women experiences symptoms of PTSD and 1 in 20 experiences clinically diagnosed PTSD. Statistical heterogeneity between studies persisted in subgroup analyses and results should be interpreted with caution. More research from low-income countries is needed to improve understanding of the burden of perinatal PTSD in these settings.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022325072.
Diagnostic yield from symptomatic gastroscopy in the UK: British Society of Gastroenterology analysis using data from the National Endoscopy Database
Authors: Beaton David Robert , Sharp Linda , Lu Liya , Trudgill Nigel J , Thoufeeq Mo , Nicholson Brian D , Rogers Peter , Docherty James , Jenkins Anna , Morris Allan John , Rösch Thomas , Rutter Matthew D 
Published: May 2024

Objective
This national analysis aimed to calculate the diagnostic yield from gastroscopy for common symptoms, guiding improved resource utilisation.

Design
A cross-sectional study was conducted of diagnostic gastroscopies between 1 March 2019 and 29 February 2020 using the UK National Endoscopy Database. Mixed-effect logistic regression models were used, incorporating random (endoscopist) and fixed (symptoms, age and sex) effects on two dependent variables (endoscopic cancer; Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) diagnosis). Adjusted positive predictive values (aPPVs) were calculated.

Results
382 370 diagnostic gastroscopies were analysed; 30.4% were performed in patients aged <50 and 57.7% on female patients. The overall unadjusted PPV for cancer was 1.0% (males 1.7%; females 0.6%, p<0.01). Other major pathology was found in 9.1% of procedures, whereas 89.9% reported only normal findings or minor pathology (92.5% in females; 94.6% in patients <50).
Highest cancer aPPVs were reached in the over 50s (1.3%), in those with dysphagia (3.0%) or weight loss plus another symptom (1.4%). Cancer aPPVs for all other symptoms were below 1%, and for those under 50, remained below 1% regardless of symptom. Overall, 73.7% of gastroscopies were carried out in patient groups where aPPV cancer was <1%.
The overall unadjusted PPV for BO was 4.1% (males 6.1%; females 2.7%, p<0.01). The aPPV for BO for reflux was 5.8% and ranged from 3.2% to 4.0% for other symptoms.

Conclusions
Cancer yield was highest in elderly male patients, and those over 50 with dysphagia. Three-quarters of all gastroscopies were performed on patients whose cancer risk was <1%, suggesting inefficient resource utilisation.
Homozygous variant inTKFCabolishing triokinase activities is associated with isolated immunodeficiency
Authors: Tremblay-Laganière Camille , Michaud Coralie , Abourjaili-Bilodeau Raphaël , Cabezas Alicia , Canales José , Costas María Jesús , Ribeiro João M , Leclerc-Blain Jessica , Touzot Fabien , Haddad Elie , Teira Pierre , Duval Michel , Onoufriadis Alexandros , Meunier Brigitte , Cameselle José Carlos , Campeau Philippe M 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundTriokinase and FMN cyclase (TKFC) is a bifunctional enzyme involved in fructose metabolism. Triokinase catalyses the phosphorylation of fructose-derived glyceraldehyde (GA) and exogenous dihydroxyacetone (DHA), while FMN cyclase generates cyclic FMN. TKFC regulates the antiviral immune response by interacting with IFIH1 (MDA5). Previously reported pathogenic variants inTKFCare associated with either a multisystemic disease or isolated hypotrichosis with loose anagen hairs.MethodsWhole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous novel variant inTKFC(c.1624G>A; p.Gly542Arg) in an individual with a complex primary immunodeficiency disorder. The variant was characterised using enzymatic assays and yeast studies of mutant recombinant proteins.ResultsThe individual presented with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus disease and multiple bacterial and viral infections. Clinical investigations revealed hypogammaglobulinaemia, near absent natural killer cells and decreased memory B cells. Enzymatic assays showed that this variant displayed defective DHA and GA kinase activity while maintaining FMN cyclase activity. An allogenic bone marrow transplantation corrected the patient’s immunodeficiency.ConclusionOur report suggests that TKFC may have a role in the immunological system. The pathological features associated with this variant are possibly linked with DHA/GA kinase inactivation through a yet an unknown mechanism. This report thus adds a possible new pathway of immunometabolism to explore further.
Patterns of anatomical injury and anaesthesia procedures in wounded Ukrainian soldiers from Anti-Terrorist Operation/Operation Joint Forces: 2014–2021
Authors: Kuchyn Iurii , Sapunar D , Horoshko V 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionThe study aims to analyse the causes and anatomical patterns of explosive and gunshot wounds in Ukrainian soldiers acquired during the Anti-Terrorist Operation/Operation Joint Forces. We also investigated how general and regional anaesthesia procedures affected post-operative pain in wounded soldiers.MethodsA retrospective observational study was done based on the medical records of Ukrainian soldiers wounded in the Anti-Terrorist Operation/Operation Joint Forces between 2014 and 2021. The collected data included the American Society of Anesthesiologists score, mechanism of injury, the pattern of anatomical injury, pain intensity and the choice of anaesthesia given. Pain intensity was diagnosed using a Numerical Rating Scale.ResultsA total of 280 combat casualties with explosive (75.7%) and gunshot (24.3%) wound injuries were included in the study. Most of the wounded soldiers had one body region affected by injury (59.3%). In most of the cases, the affected body regions were lower (48.2%) and upper (33.8%) limbs. In 62.5% of patients, regional anaesthesia was used, while general anaesthesia was used in 37.5% of cases. The pain significantly decreased after initial treatment at the field medical unit regardless of the anaesthesia type or the number of affected body regions.ConclusionUnderstanding the sources and anatomical patterns of war-related injuries in recent conflicts is an important element in reducing the mortality and suffering of wounded soldiers. The high percentage of injured extremities in our cohort emphasises the importance of regional anaesthesia in contemporary wars.
Bilateral ultrasound-guided maxillary and mandibular combined nerves block reduces morphine consumption after double-jaw orthognathic surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Esquerré Thomas , Mure Marion , Minville Vincent , Prevost Alice , Lauwers Frédéric , Ferré Fabrice 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundDouble-jaw surgeries are known to be painful and to require opioids. Maxillary (V2) and mandibular (V3) nerves block could provide adequate pain management with minimal opioid-related side effects. Our main objective was to evaluate the analgesic effect of bilateral ultrasound-guided V2 and V3 combined nerves block in patients undergoing double-jaw orthognathic surgery.MethodsIn this single-blind, randomized control study, 50 patients were prospectively allocated to either bilateral ultrasound-guided V2 and V3 combined nerves block or intraoral infiltration of local anesthetic. Primary outcome was the cumulative oral morphine equivalent (OME) consumption assessed at postoperative day 1. Secondary outcomes were cumulative OME consumption and pain scores in recovery room and at postoperative day 2, intraoperative anesthetic consumption, and opioid-related side effects. Preoperative anxiety was investigated by the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS).ResultsCompared with infiltration, ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia reduced cumulative OME consumption on day 1 (45.7±37.6 mg vs 25.5±19.8 mg, respectively, mean difference of −20.1 (95% CI −37.4 to −2.9) mg, p=0.023) and day 2 (64.5±60 mg vs 35.8±30.2 mg, respectively, mean difference of −28.7 (95% CI −55.9 to −1.43) mg, p=0.040). Interestingly, worst pain score and cumulative OME consumptions on day 2 were positively correlated with the APAIS (Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.42 (p=0.003) and 0.39 (p=0.006), respectively).ConclusionBilateral ultrasound-guided V2 and V3 combined nerves block reduces postoperative opioid consumption by about 50% in patients undergoing double-jaw surgery.Trial registration numberNCT05351151.
Equity implications of tobacco taxation: results from WHO FCTC investment cases
Authors: Spencer Garrison , Nugent Rachel , Mann Nathan , Hutchinson Brian , Ngongo Carrie , Tarlton Dudley , Small Roy , Webb Douglas 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundAcross time, geographies and country income levels, smoking prevalence is highest among people with lower incomes. Smoking causes further impoverishment of those on the lower end of the income spectrum through expenditure on tobacco and greater risk of ill health.MethodsThis paper summarises the results of investment case equity analyses for 19 countries, presenting the effects of increased taxation on smoking prevalence, health and expenditures. We disaggregate the number of people who smoke, smoking-attributable mortality and cigarette expenditures using smoking prevalence data by income quintile. A uniform 30% increase in price was applied across countries. We estimated the effects of the price increase on smoking prevalence, mortality and cigarette expenditures.ResultsIn all but one country (Bhutan), a one-time 30% increase in price would reduce smoking prevalence by the largest percent among the poorest 20% of the population. All income groups in all countries would spend more on cigarettes with a 30% increase in price. However, the poorest 20% would pay an average of 12% of the additional money spent.ConclusionsOur results confirm that health benefits from increases in price through taxation are pro-poor. Even in countries where smoking prevalence is higher among wealthier groups, increasing prices can still be pro-poor due to variable responsiveness to higher prices. The costs associated with higher smoking prevalence among the poor, together with often limited access to healthcare services and displaced spending on basic needs, result in health inequality and perpetuate the cycle of poverty.
Is there a need for fresh frozen plasma and platelet transfusion in trauma patients receiving submassive transfusion?
Authors: Jehan Faisal , Zangbar Bardiya , Rafieezadeh Aryan , Shnaydman Ilya , Klein Joshua , Con Jorge , Prabhakaran Kartik 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundBlood transfusions have become a vital intervention in trauma care. There are limited data on the safety and effectiveness of submassive transfusion (SMT), that is defined as receiving less than 10 units packed red blood cells (PRBCs) in the first 24 hours. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and platelet transfusions in patients undergoing SMT.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort, reviewing the Trauma Quality Improvement Program database spanning 3 years (2016 to 2018). Adult patients aged 18 years and older who had received at least 1 unit of PRBC within 24 hours were included in the study. We used a multivariate regression model to analyze the cut-off units of combined resuscitation (CR) (which included PRBCs along with at least one unit of FFP and/or platelets) that leads to survival improvement. Patients were then stratified into two groups: those who received PRBC alone and those who received CR. Propensity score matching was performed in a 1:1 ratio.ResultsThe study included 85 234 patients. Based on the multivariate regression model, transfusion of more than 3 units of PRBC with at least 1 unit of FFP and/or platelets demonstrated improved mortality compared with PRBC alone. Among 66 319 patients requiring SMT and >3 units of PRBCs, 25 978 received PRBC alone, and 40 341 received CR. After propensity matching, 4215 patients were included in each group. Patients administered CR had a lower rate of complications (15% vs 26%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (3% vs 5%) and acute kidney injury (8% vs 11%). Rates of sepsis and venous thromboembolism were similar between the two groups. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that patients receiving 4 to 7 units of PRBC alone had significantly higher ORs for mortality than those receiving CR.ConclusionTrauma patients requiring more than 3 units of PRBCs who received CR with FFP and platelets experienced improved survival and reduced complications.Level of evidenceLevel III retrospective study.
Survival of mammoths (Mammuthus sp.) into the Late Pleistocene in Southwestern British Columbia (Vancouver Island), Canada
Authors: Termes L. , Keddie G. , Hebda R. , Trask P. , Arbour V. , Speller C. , Paskulin L. , Ramsey C. , Richards M.P. 
Published: May 2024

As part of a larger project identifying and directly radiocarbon dating Late Pleistocene megafaunal remains in British Columbia (B.C.), Canada, we have confirmed the identity of many newly identified mammoth ( Mammuthus sp.) specimens ( n = 32) from Vancouver Island in Southwestern B.C. We undertook radiocarbon dating on all specimens and were able to obtain dates (due to preservation) on 16 of these remains, including redating a previously dated mammoth using newer radiocarbon extraction methods. The mammoth dates span a wide range, from >47 500 to 18 000 radiocarbon years B.P. (uncalibrated). These later new dates support other lines of evidence for portions of Vancouver Island remaining ice-free until well into the Fraser Glaciation.
Compatibility and combination of world W-boson mass measurements
Authors:   LHC-TeV MW Working Group, Amoroso S. , Andari N. , Barter W. , Bendavid J. , Boonekamp M. , Farry S. , Grünewald M. , Hays C. , Hunter R. , Kretzschmar J. , Lupton O. , Pili M. , Ramos Pernas M. , Tuchming B. , Vesterinen M. , Vicini A. , Wang C. , Xu M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe compatibility of W-boson mass measurements performed by the ATLAS, LHCb, CDF, and D0 experiments is studied using a coherent framework with theory uncertainty correlations. The measurements are combined using a number of recent sets of parton distribution functions (PDF), and are further combined with the average value of measurements from the Large Electron–Positron collider. The considered PDF sets generally have a low compatibility with a suite of global rapidity-sensitive Drell–Yan measurements. The most compatible set is CT18 due to its larger uncertainties. A combination of all $$m_W$$

m
W

measurements yields a value of $$m_W = 80{,}394.6 \pm 11.5$$

m
W

=
80
,
394.6
±
11.5

MeV with the CT18 set, but has a probability of compatibility of 0.5% and is therefore disfavoured. Combinations are performed removing each measurement individually, and a 91% probability of compatibility is obtained when the CDF measurement is removed. The corresponding value of the W boson mass is $$80{,}369.2 \pm 13.3$$

80
,
369.2
±
13.3

MeV, which differs by $$3.6\sigma $$

3.6
σ

from the CDF value determined using the same PDF set.
Weak decays of the triply heavy baryons in the three-quark picture with the light-front quark model
Authors: Lu Fang , Ke Hong-Wei , Liu Xiao-Hai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe investigate the weak decays of the triply heavy baryon $$\Omega _{QQQ}$$

Ω

QQQ

in the light-front quark model. Since $$\Omega _{QQQ}$$

Ω

QQQ

consists of three indistinguishable identical heavy quarks, the commonly adopted quark–diquark picture does not seem to be valid anymore. Instead, we employ the three-quark picture for baryons where the three quarks are regarded as individual quarks. We calculate the hadronic form factors for the transitions and give predictions for the decay widths of the semi-leptonic decay modes $$\Omega _{ccc}\rightarrow \Xi _{cc}/ \Omega _{cc}+ l^+\nu _l$$

Ω

ccc

→

Ξ

cc

/

Ω

cc

+

l
+

ν
l

, $$\Omega _{bbb}\rightarrow \Xi _{bb}+ l^-\bar{\nu }_l$$

Ω

bbb

→

Ξ

bb

+

l
-

ν

¯

l

and the non-leptonic decay modes $$\Omega _{ccc}\rightarrow \Xi _{cc}/\Omega _{cc}+ M$$

Ω

ccc

→

Ξ

cc

/

Ω

cc

+
M

, $$\Omega _{bbb}\rightarrow \Xi _{bb}+ M$$

Ω

bbb

→

Ξ

bb

+
M

. Our study can be a guide for future experiments to discover the triply heavy baryons.
Conserved spin operator of Dirac’s theory in spatially flat FLRW space-times
Authors: Cotăescu Ion I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNew conserved spin and orbital angular momentum operators of Dirac’s theory on spatially flat FLRW space-times are proposed generalizing thus the recent results concerning the role of Pryce’s spin operator in the flat case (Cotăescu in Eur Phys J C, 82, 1073, 2022). These operators split the conserved total angular momentum generating the new spin and orbital symmetries that form the rotations of the isometry groups. The new spin operator is defined and studied in active mode with the help of a suitable spectral representation giving its Fourier transform. Moreover, in the same manner is defined the operator of the fermion polarization. The orbital angular momentum is derived in passive mode using a new method, inspired by Wigner’s theory of induced representations, but working properly only for global rotations. In this approach the quantization is performed finding that the one-particle spin and orbital angular momentum operators have the same form in any FLRW spacetime regardless their concrete geometries given by various scale factors.
Kaluza–Klein tower and bubble nucleation in six dimensional Einstein–Maxwell theory
Authors: Seo Min-Seok 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study the implication of the distance and the cobordism conjecture on the 6-dimensional Einstein–Maxwell theory compactified on $$S^2$$

S
2

. In this toy model, the radion potential is stabilized by the conspiracy of the curvature of $$S^2$$

S
2

and the flux through $$S^2$$

S
2

parametrized by f, and uplifted by the positive 6-dimensional cosmological constant parametrized by $$\lambda $$
λ
. When $$\lambda =0$$

λ
=
0

, the radion is stabilized at the anti-de Sitter (AdS) vacuum, which cannot be interpolated to the Minkowski vacuum since the Kaluza–Klein (KK) tower descends from UV in the vanishing limit of the 4-dimensional cosmological constant. For nonzero $$\lambda $$
λ
which realizes the metastable de Sitter (dS) vacuum, as well as the AdS and the Minkowski vacuum, such an obstruction can be found provided the combination $$f^2\lambda $$

f
2

λ

is fixed and the limit $$\lambda \rightarrow 0$$

λ
→
0

is taken. Moreover, the 6-dimensional Einstein–Maxwell theory allows the transition between vacua through the nucleation of the bubble. In this case, the values of the 4-dimensional cosmological constant inside and outside the bubble are different as f is changed at the bubble wall, while $$\lambda $$
λ
remains unchanged. Regarding the AdS vacuum with the vanishing curvature radius as the ‘nothing’, we find that the transition from the metastable dS vacuum to the nothing is not prevented by the descent of the KK tower since $$f^2\lambda $$

f
2

λ

is not fixed.
Seismicity and state of stress in NE Arabia
Authors: Weidle Christian , Glück Elisabeth , Deif Ahmed , El-Hussain Issa , Meier Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Eastern Arabia exhibits low seismic activity although damaging earthquakes are historically known. Despite the proximity to convergent plate boundaries in the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone, the state of stress in northern Oman with its persistent topography of the Oman Mountains (OM) remains enigmatic. We have revised the earthquake catalogue of northern Oman and confirm the detection and location accuracy of the permanent network by comparison with a temporarily densified network across the OM. For the first time, we infer focal mechanisms (FM) for earthquakes in Oman from P-wave polarities.
Seismic activity is high in the Northern OM but diminishes rapidly south of 24.5° N. In the Central and Eastern OM, low-magnitude earthquakes occur along topography bounding faults with mostly transtensional FM. Offshore, seismicity follows NE-trending lines in extension of the Semail Gap and the Masirah Fault Zones, up to the Makran trench. Except for an isolated patch of repeated small-magnitude earthquakes, the western Makran trench is seismically quiet.
Inversion of FM confirms a NE–SW direction of maximum horizontal stress that aligns with Arabia–Eurasia convergence. In the Central and Eastern OM, maximum horizontal and vertical stresses are balanced. The topography of the OM appears, therefore, not to be generally sustained by compressional forces.
Late Neoproterozoic alkaline intrusives in Huqf sediments; a new reservoir target in southern Oman
Authors: Smewing John D. , Ilic Alex , Razi Muhammad F. 
Published: May 2024

Recent drilling in Block 56 on the southern Oman coast NE of Salalah has revealed the presence of intrusive rocks in Huqf sediments. The igneous bodies are found as both discrete and composite, decametre scale sills separated by screens of Huqf host rock. Compositionally they form a cogenetic suite of monzonites and syenites that can be related by fractional crystallization to a gabbro–diorite parental magma. Enrichment in alkalis and other large ion lithophile elements points to either an enriched mantle source or magma-crust interaction on ascent.
Geochemical profiles match closely those of the latest Neoproterozoic alkaline eruptives now found as exotic volcanic blocks entrained in the salt diapirs of the Ghaba Salt Basin. Limited geochronological data indicate that the Block 56 intrusives are contemporaneous and derived from the same magma source.
Porosities in excess of 10% have been recorded in the intrusives; it is a dissolution porosity created by volume loss during the conversion of primary ferromagnesian minerals to biotite and ferroan dolomite. Porosity creation took place during a short lived, fault-controlled Cretaceous hydrothermal event contemporaneous with uplift and alkaline volcanic activity in the Masirah Ophiolite.
The intrusives contain a Huqf-sourced oil with light to medium viscosity appearance. Charging is believed to be coming from the cooler and shallower parts of the South Oman Salt Basin to the north and from beneath thick Cenozoic cover in the basin to the south.