bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on sleep outcomes in the context of pain among older adult veterans
Authors: Erickson Alexander J. , Rodriguez Juan Carlos , Ravyts Scott G. , Dzierzewski Joseph M. , Fung Constance H. , Kelly Monica R. , Ryden Armand M. , Carlson Gwendolyn C. , Josephson Karen , Mitchell Michael N. , Martin Jennifer L. , Alessi Cathy A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundCognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) is the gold‐standard treatment for insomnia disorder in adults. Compared to young adults, older adults have increased risk for the development of conditions associated with chronic pain, which may impact the efficacy of CBT‐I in improving insomnia symptoms in older adults. This study evaluated the effect of participant‐rated pain on sleep‐related outcomes of a supervised, non‐clinician administered CBT‐I program in older adult patients with chronic insomnia disorder.MethodsSecondary analysis was conducted using data from a randomized controlled trial among 106 community‐dwelling older adult veterans (N = 106; mean age 72.1 years, 96% male, 78.3% White, 6.6% Hispanic, 5.7% African American) with chronic (≥3 months) insomnia disorder. Participants engaged in five sessions of manual‐based CBT‐I in individual or group format within one Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare system, provided by non‐clinician “sleep coaches” who had weekly telephone supervision by behavioral sleep medicine specialists. Insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index), perceived sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), fatigue (Flinder's Fatigue Scale), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), and perceived pain severity (items from the Geriatric Pain Measure) were assessed at 4 time points: baseline, one‐week posttreatment, 6‐month follow‐up, and 12‐month follow‐up. Mixed effects models with time invariant and time varying predictors were employed for analyses.ResultsCBT‐I improved insomnia symptoms, perceived sleep quality, fatigue, and daytime sleepiness among older veterans with chronic insomnia. Participant‐reported pain was associated with greater improvements in insomnia symptoms following CBT‐I. Pain did not affect improvements in other sleep‐related outcomes (−0.38 ≤ b ≤ 0.07, p > 0.05). Between‐subjects differences in pain, but not within‐subject changes in pain over time, appeared to play a central role in insomnia symptom improvement at posttreatment, with individuals with higher‐than‐average pain showing greater insomnia symptom improvement (ISI score reduction; −0.32 ≤ b ≤ −0.28, p ≤ 0.005).ConclusionsPain did not meaningfully hinder the effects of CBT‐I on sleep outcomes. Among older veterans with chronic insomnia disorder, individuals with higher pain exhibited slightly greater improvement in insomnia than those with lower levels of pain. These findings suggest that experiencing pain does not impair treatment response and should not preclude older adults with insomnia from being offered CBT‐I.
‘I tried to get into their shoes and their culture’. Care worker experiences in cultural end‐of‐life care: Interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Lambert Elizabeth , Gibson Jo , Bail Kasia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimWhat are care workers' lived experiences caring for people of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds during end‐of‐life care?DesignInterpretative phenomenological analysisMethodsThe lived experiences of 11 care workers within the Australian Capital Territory and region who have cared for someone of a culturally and linguistically diverse background during end‐of‐life care were captured. Each care worker was interviewed individually and answered a series of semi‐structured open‐ended questions.ResultsUsing interpretative phenomenological analysis, three group experiential themes were derived: (i) navigating cultural shock and death, (ii) the hard work of communication and (iii) searching for deeper connections with client and self. Within these were key elements: Care workers worked hard to embrace cultural diversity, but struggled to meet cultural needs, particularly in relation to the unpredictable timeline of dying. Care workers relied on themselves and their improvisation, but experienced self‐blame for inadequate care and unexpected challenges in communication. Blurred boundaries in relation to therapeutic relationships were apparent, and care workers felt alone with emotional burden, but also found belonging and joy in their work.ConclusionCare workers' experiences are vital to understanding the barriers and challenges in providing culturally appropriate end‐of‐life care. Care workers repeatedly experienced an emotional burden and vicarious trauma throughout their work in this field. Care workers were self‐reliant in all aspects of care including communication and consistently desired education, training, resources and support. There remains inadequate research on care workers and their role within the Australian healthcare context.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareCare workers need access to support and resources including professional translators to provide culturally appropriate end‐of‐life care. Workplaces and registered nurses should facilitate training and provide guidance to care workers. A person‐centred approach is required during all client encounters while maintaining appropriate therapeutic relationships including therapeutic use of self and professional boundaries.Reporting MethodCOREQ Checklist.Patient or Public ContributionDuring this study, care workers were interviewed on their experiences caring for people of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds during end‐of‐life care. Patients were not directly involved within this study, but their views may have been expressed through the care workers' experience.
Fast and friendly: The role of vocal cues in adolescents' responses to and perceptions of peer provocation
Authors: Nault Daniel R. , Bonar Riley J. T. , Ilyaz Emma , Dirks Melanie A. , Morningstar Michele 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdolescents self‐report using different strategies to respond to peer provocation. However, we have a limited understanding of how these responses are behaviorally enacted and perceived by peers. This study examined the extent to which adolescents' self‐reported responses to peer provocation (i.e., aggressive, assertive, and withdrawn) predicted how their vocal enactments of standardized responses to peer provocation were perceived by other adolescents. Three vocal cues relevant to the communication of emotional intent—average pitch, average intensity, and speech rate—were explored as moderators of these associations. Adolescent speakers (n = 39; Mage = 12.67; 66.7% girls) completed a self‐report measure of how they would choose to respond to scenarios involving peer provocation; they also enacted standardized vocal responses to hypothetical peer provocation scenarios. Recordings of speakers' vocal responses were presented to a separate sample of adolescent listeners (n = 129; Mage = 12.12; 52.7% girls) in an online listening task. Speakers who self‐reported greater use of assertive response strategies enacted standardized vocal responses that were rated as significantly friendlier by listeners. Vocal responses enacted with faster speech rates were also rated as significantly friendlier by listeners. Speakers' self‐reported use of aggression and withdrawal was not significantly related to listeners' ratings of their standardized vocal responses. These findings suggest that adolescents may be perceived differently by their peers depending on the way in which their response is enacted; specifically, faster speech rate may be perceived as friendlier and thus de‐escalate peer conflict. Future studies should consider not only what youth say and/or do when responding to peer provocation but also how they say it.
Obstructive sleep apnea may induce sleep–wake cycle dysregulation: An actigraphic study
Authors: Testone Greta , Fernandes Mariana , Carpi Matteo , Lupo Clementina , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Liguori Claudio 
Published: June 2024

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes sleep fragmentation and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). OSA has been hypothesised to impair the circadian sleep–wake rhythm, and this dysregulation may in turn exacerbate OSA‐related diurnal symptoms. Hence, this study aimed to assess the sleep–wake rhythm through actigraphy, and its relationship with EDS in patients with untreated OSA. Patients with moderate–severe OSA (apnea–hypopnea index ≥15/h) and healthy controls (HC) underwent a 7‐day actigraphic recording to evaluate the sleep–wake rhythm. Participants underwent a sleep medicine visit and completed the self‐report questionnaires assessing EDS (Epworth sleepiness scale, ESS), sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI), and chronotype (morningness‐eveningness questionnaire, MEQ). This study included 48 OSA patients (72.9% males; mean age 56.48 ± 9.53 years), and 22 HC (45.5% males; mean age 53.73 ± 18.20 years). After controlling for MEQ scores, actigraphic recording showed that the OSA patients present a lower sleep time (p = 0.011) and sleep efficiency (p = 0.013), as well as a higher sleep latency (p = 0.047), and sleep fragmentation (p = 0.029) than the HC. Regarding the sleep‐wake rhythm actigraphic parameters, the OSA patients showed a lower average activity during the most active 10‐hour period (p = 0.036) and a lower day/night activity ratio (p = 0.007) than the HC. Patients with OSA also reported higher ESS (p = 0.005) and PSQI scores (p < 0.001), and a chronotype less of morning type (p = 0.027) than the HC. In conclusion, this study documented a reduced diurnal motor activity and lower day/night activity ratio in OSA patients than in controls. These findings suggest a dysregulation of the circadian sleep–wake rhythm in OSA, possibly related to both EDS and reduced daytime motor activity.
Retrospective evaluation of the effect of acid suppressant drugs on leukocyte ratios in dogs with mast cell tumors
Authors: Oberholtzer Sydney , Zhu Xiaojuan , Dedeaux Andrea , Martin Olya , Gould Emily N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcid suppressant drugs (ASDs) are commonly used to decrease gastric acid production, but some evidence exists that ASDs exert immunomodulatory effects. Such an effect has not been investigated in dogs for which ASDs are routinely prescribed.HypothesisCompared to naïve subjects, dogs treated with ASDs will exhibit differences in leukocyte ratios after treatment.AnimalsFifty‐one dogs with mast cell tumors (MCTs).Materials and MethodsDogs with MCT that were either AS naïve or treated with ASDs (i.e., histamine‐2‐receptor antagonists [H2RA] or proton pump inhibitors [PPI]) were included in this retrospective study. Subjects were categorized into 3 treatment groups (AS naïve, H2RA treated, and PPI treated), and leukocyte ratios (neutrophil:eosinophil, lymphocyte:monocyte, and neutrophil:lymphocyte [NLR]) were calculated before and after treatment. A mixed effects analysis of variance on ranks was used to assess differences in ratios between treatments, between pre‐ and post‐treatment time points, and between pre‐ and post‐time points for each treatment. Concurrent administration of antihistamines, corticosteroids, and chemotherapeutic drugs was assessed as a confounding factor.ResultsFamotidine (n = 14/14) and omeprazole (n = 12/12) were the only H2RA and PPI used, respectively. Dogs receiving famotidine had a significant increase in median NLR from pre‐ to post‐treatment (3.429; range, 1.417–15 to 5.631; range, 2.654–92; P < 0.01) compared to PPI treated or AS naïve dogs. No differences existed in chemotherapeutic drug or corticosteroid use between groups.ConclusionsA significant difference in NLR was identified in famotidine treated dogs compared with omeprazole treated or AS naïve dogs.
Revisiting the resource curse: Does volatility matter?
Authors: Kirat Yassine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCountries with abundant natural resources often possess greater wealth, yet the impact of these resources on economic growth remains unclear. This paper examines how natural‐resource abundance and its volatility impact economic growth. It questions whether natural resources themselves are a curse or if the negative growth effects are due to the volatility of natural‐resource revenues. The study also investigates how volatility of natural resources affects key economic growth channels, such as investment, human capital, and institutional quality. Using the standard panel model and panel smooth transition regression (PSTR), the paper analyzes data from 125 countries (1988–2020). Results show that natural‐resource abundance boosts economic growth, contradicting the resource‐curse theory. However, the growth impact is non‐linear and varies with natural‐resource volatility. Countries with high volatility face up to a 22 percentage point annual GDP growth loss compared with those with low volatility, suggesting that volatility and poor government responses drive the resource‐curse paradox, not the abundance of resources per se.
Lynching and economic opportunities: Evidence from the US South
Authors: Kampanelis Sotiris , Elizalde Aldo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of historical lynching on the economic opportunities of Black individuals today. Our results indicate that past lynchings have an adverse effect on the current economic opportunities of Black people, likely arising from persistent racial prejudice dating back to the early 20th century. We emphasize the importance of rapid urbanization, industrialization, and population mixing in the US South post‐1880, which led to heightened competition among racial groups for economic, social, and political prominence, ultimately resulting in a surge of lynchings. Our findings survive a series of robustness checks.
Ecological transcriptomics reveals stress response pathways of a ground‐herb species in a waterlogging gradient of Amazonian riparian forests
Authors: Palma‐Silva Clarisse , Mortati Amanda F. , Chaves Cleber Juliano Neves , Simões Santos Leal Bárbara , Ribeiro Rafael V. , Pinheiro Fabio , Ferro Milene , Riaño‐Pachón Diego M. , de Mattos Jacqueline Salvi , Tavares Marília Manupella , Aecyo Paulo , da Costa Cacossi Tami , Schöngart Jochen , Piedade Maria Teresa Fernandez , André Thiago 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnvironmental stress is a fundamental facet of life and a significant driver of natural selection in the wild. Gene expression diversity may facilitate adaptation to environmental changes, without necessary genetic change, but its role in adaptive divergence remains largely understudied in Neotropical systems. In Amazonian riparian forests, species distribution is predominantly influenced by species' waterlogging tolerance. The flooding gradient delineates distinct wetland forest types, shaping habitats and species characteristics. Here we investigated the molecular basis of environmental stress response in a tropical ground‐herb species (Ischnosiphon puberulus) to environmental variation in Amazonian riparian forests. We compared environmental variables and gene expression profiles from individuals collected in two forest types: Igapó and Terra firme in the Amazonian riparian forests. Predictable seasonal flooding poses a significant challenge in Igapó compared to Terra firme environments, with the former presenting higher water column height and longer flooding duration. Our findings suggest that contrasting environmental conditions related to flooding regimes are important drivers of population genetic differentiation and differential gene expression in I. puberulus. Enriched gene ontology terms highlight associations with environmental stresses, such as defence response, water transport, phosphorylation, root development, response to auxin, salicylic acid and oxidative stress. By uncovering key environmental stress response pathways conserved across populations, I. puberulus offers novel genetic insights into the molecular basis of plant reactions to environmental constraints found in flooded areas of this highly biodiverse neotropical ecosystem.
Personal career decisions during medical training are not complicated, they are complex
Authors: Harper Lea Lea , Desy Janeve , Davis Melinda , Weeks Sarah , McLaughlin Kevin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundFor medical training to be deemed successful, in addition to gaining the skills required to make appropriate clinical decisions, trainees must learn how to make good personal decisions. These decisions may affect satisfaction with career choice, work–life balance, and their ability to maintain/improve clinical performance over time—outcomes that can impact future wellness. Here, the authors introduce a decision‐making framework with the goal of improving our understanding of personal decisions.MethodsStemming from the business world, the Cynefin framework describes five decision‐making domains: clear, complicated, complex, chaotic, and confusion, and a key inference of this framework is that decision‐making can be improved by first identifying the decision‐making domain. Personal decisions are largely complex—so applying linear decision‐making strategies is unlikely to help in this domain.ResultsThe available data suggest that the outcomes of personal decisions are suboptimal, and the authors propose three mechanisms to explain these findings: (1) Complex decision is susceptible to attribute substitution where we subconsciously trade these decisions for easier decisions; (2) predictions are prone to cognitive biases, such as assuming our situation will remain constant (linear projection fallacy), believing that accomplishing a goal will deliver lasting happiness (arrival bias), or overestimating benefits and underestimating costs of future tasks (planning fallacy); and (3) complex decisions have an inherently higher failure rate than complicated decisions because they are the result of an ongoing, dynamic person‐by‐situation interaction and, as such, have more time to fail and more ways to do so.DiscussionBased upon their view that personal decisions are complex, the authors propose strategies to improve satisfaction with personal decisions, including increasing awareness of biases that may impact personal decisions. Recognising that the outcome of personal decisions can change over time, they also suggest additional interventions to manage these decisions, such as different forms of mentoring.
Performance of the clarus Aspergillus galactomannan enzyme immunoassay prototype for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in serum
Authors: Boyer Johannes , Sedik Sarah , Egger Matthias , Dichtl Karl , Prattes Juergen , Kriegl Lisa , Krause Robert , Prüller Florian , Hoenigl Martin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSerum galactomannan (GM) testing is essential for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis (IA), particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The global lack of on‐site GM testing capacities necessitates cost‐effective alternatives, such as .the clarus Aspergillus GM enzyme immunoassay prototype (clarus AGM prototype).MethodsThis single‐centre, cross‐sectional study compared the diagnostic performance of the clarus AGM prototype (IMMY, Norman, Oklahoma) with the serological gold standard (=Platelia AGM assay; Bio‐Rad, Marnes‐la‐Cocquette, France). IA was classified according to modified 2020 EORTC/MSG consensus and 2024 FUNDICU criteria. In total, 300 prospectively (May‐Dec 2023) and retrospectively (2012–2015) collected samples were included.ResultsAmong 300 samples from 232 patients, 49 (16%) were classified as proven (n = 1) or probable IA (n = 48). In non‐IA cases (n = 250), one patient was classified as possible IA. With the manufacturer recommended cut‐off of ≥0.2, sensitivity and specificity of the clarus AGM prototype were 27% (13/49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 15%–41%) and 99% (248/250; 95% CI: 97%–100%), respectively, while sensitivity and specificity were 78% and 79% when using the optimised Youden's cut‐off of 0.0045 ODI. ROC curve analysis demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.829 (95% CI: 0.760–0.898) for the clarus AGM prototype in distinguishing between proven/probable IA and non‐IA. The AUC for the Platelia AGM was 0.951 (95% CI: 0.909–994). Spearman's correlation analysis showed a weak correlation between the two assays (0.382; p < .001).ConclusionsThe weak correlation between the clarus AGM prototype and Platelia AGM highlights the need for further investigation into the clinical performance of the clarus AGM prototype, giving the different antigen epitopes addressed.
Interaction between CAFs and apoptotic cancer cells promotes OSCC proliferation via STING signaling
Authors: Yu Qiuya , Huang Xiaofeng , Zhang Fei , Jin Wanyong , Li Ke , Xiao Tao , Jing Yue , Zhang Xiaoxin , Song Yuxian , Wang Shuai , Hu Qingang , Ni Yanhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundApoptosis can fuel oncogenesis by the education of surrounding stromal cells. However, the function of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which interacted with apoptotic cancer cells, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression is still unknown.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the prognostic value of apoptosis and the biological effects of CAFs, interacted with apoptotic cancer cells, on OSCC.MethodsA total of 166 samples from OSCC patients were stained via TUNEL reaction to evaluate the correlation between apoptosis and clinical characteristics. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed through flow cytometry and CCK‐8 assays, respectively. Levels of mRNA and protein were examined through qRT‐PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence.ResultsHigher percentage of apoptotic cancer cells in OSCC positively correlated with more Ki67+ cells and predicted poor clinical outcomes. Conditioned medium from CAFs exposed to apoptotic cancer cells significantly facilitated cell proliferation. Co‐culture CAFs with apoptotic cancer cells dampened the phosphorylation of STING/IRF3 signaling, as well as the production of type I interferon, which was required for the inhibition of OSCC cell proliferation.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the interplay between apoptotic cancer cells and CAFs promotes OSCC proliferation via STING signaling, identifying a potential therapy targeted CAFs surrounded with apoptotic cancer cells for OSCC.