bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance to apoptosis‐inducing stimuli in CD44+ head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Chikamatsu Kazuaki , Ishii Hiroki , Takahashi Goro , Okamoto Atsushi , Moriyama Motohiro , Sakakura Koichi , Masuyama Keisuke 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundCD44 was identified previously as a surface marker in cancer stem cells (CSCs) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Most cancer treatments have been linked to the activation of the apoptosis‐signaling pathway; however, the resistance mechanisms to apoptosis in CSCs have not yet been fully elucidated.MethodsThe sensitivity of CD44+ cells to diverse apoptosis‐inducing stimuli was compared with that of CD44‐ cells. Furthermore, cell cycle changes and the expression of anti‐apoptosis‐related genes were examined using flow cytometry and real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).ResultsCD44+ cells were resistant to various apoptosis‐inducing stimuli. Moreover, CD44+ cells showed a higher proportion of cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle and upregulation of Bcl‐2 and inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family genes compared with CD44‐ cells.ConclusionTreatment resistance in CSCs seems to be regulated by various mechanisms, and, therefore, additional treatment strategies to target CSCs are required in patients with HNSCC. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Histologic diagnoses in persistently swollen cervical lymph nodes
Authors: Laffers Wiebke , Eggert Kristina , Schildhaus Hans–Ulrich , Bootz Friedrich , Gerstner Andreas O. H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundBiopsy and histological examination of persistently enlarged cervical lymph nodes represent a major health care issue and have high impact on further clinical therapy. Tertiary health centers are faced with an increased demand for diagnostic workup to rule out malignancy. We performed a retrospective study from January 2000 to June 2008 to identify patients referred to us for diagnostic biopsy and to document the histopathological result.MethodsPatients with a diagnostic biopsy, but neither clinical signs of head and neck cancer nor other malignancies, were identified within the records. Patient characteristics and histopathological diagnosis were retrieved.ResultsThree hundred twenty‐six patients were identified (146 women, and 180 men). One hundred twenty‐three patients (38%; 44 women, and 79 men) had a malignancy: 61 with metastatic disease and 62 with malignant lymphoma; the youngest was 15 years old and the oldest was 92 years old.ConclusionPersistently swollen cervical lymph nodes should trigger a thorough clinical examination and prompt biopsy for histopathological workup. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
The filtering capacity of a tropical riverine wetland: I. Water balance
Authors: McJannet David , Wallace Jim , Keen Rex , Hawdon Aaron , Kemei Joseph 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWetlands in the coastal catchments adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef lagoon play an important role in local hydrological processes and provide important ecological habitats for terrestrial and aquatic species. Although many wetlands have been removed or degraded by agricultural expansion, there is now great interest in their protection and restoration as important aquatic ecosystems and potential filters of pollutant runoff. However, the filtering capacity of tropical wetlands is largely unknown, so the current study was established to quantify the water, sediment and nutrient balance of a natural riverine wetland in tropical north Queensland. Surface and groundwater fluxes of water, sediment and nutrients into and out of the wetland were monitored for a 3‐year period. This paper focuses on the water balance of this natural wetland and a companion paper presents its sediment and nutrient balance and estimates of water quality filtering. Wetland inflows and outflows were dominated by surface flows which varied by 3–4 orders of magnitude through the course of the year, with 90% of the annual flow occurring during the period January to March. Although groundwater inputs to the wetland were only 5% of the annual water balance, they are very important to sustaining the wetland during the dry season, when they can be the largest input of water (up to 90%). Water retention times in this type of wetland are very short, particularly when most of the flow and any associated materials are passing through it (i.e. 1–2 h), so there is little time to filter most of the annual flux of water through this wetland. Longer retention times occur at the end of the dry season (up to 8·5 days); but this is when the lowest fluxes of water pass through the wetland. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tangled fibroblasts in tumor‐stroma interactions
Authors: Liu Min , Xu Jingjing , Deng Hong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFibrogenesis, expressed as “desmoplasia,” is found in many kinds of tumors and considered to be associated with malignancy. In fact, fibroblasts in cancer stroma have attracted considerable attention in the last 2 decades. Although it is accepted that fibroblasts are important in tumor development and progression, the mechanisms involved are highly complex and difficult to disentangle. Which role do fibroblasts play in tumors—are they friends or foes? Can fibroblasts account for the relationship between inflammation, fibrosis and tumor? Do fibroblasts acquire gene changes during carcinogenesis and how many signaling pathways are involved in tumor‐stroma interactions? What is the outcome of fibroblast activation in tumors—senescence, death or recovery to a progenitor cell such as the fibrocyte? These questions still need further exploration and will be discussed in this review.
Expression of T‐cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2 (TIAM2) promotes proliferation and invasion of liver cancer
Authors: Chen Jia‐Shing , Su Ih‐Jen , Leu Yu‐Wei , Young Kung‐Chia , Sun H. Sunny 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe T‐cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2 (TIAM2) gene is the homolog of human TIAM1, a Rac‐specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor that plays important roles in neuron development and human malignancies. Although the role of TIAM1 is well characterized, the physiological and pathological functions of TIAM2 remain unknown. In our study, human cDNA and protein panels were evaluated for endogenous expression of TIAM2. Four hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and 91 HCC samples were used to demonstrate expression of TIAM2S (the short form of TIAM2) in cancer cells. In addition, HepG2 cells stably expressing TIAM2S were used for tumorigenic assays in both cellular and mouse models. We demonstrate that endogenous TIAM2S was induced in several human cancers including HCC. TIAM2S expression was undetectable in normal human liver but was induced in all HCC cell lines and in 86% (78/91) of HCC biopsies. TIAM2S expression was positively associated with TIAM1 expression, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and metastatic phenotype. Expression of recombinant TIAM2S in HepG2 cells promoted growth and invasiveness. In vivo study using a xenografted mouse model demonstrated that induced endogenous expression of TIAM2S converted non‐invasive human HCC cells into highly aggressive vascular tumors. Further examination revealed that TIAM2S expression resulted in up‐regulation of N‐cadherin and vimentin, and in redistribution of E‐cadherin. These findings show, for the first time, that human TIAM2S is involved in HCC pathogenesis, and that increased expression of TIAM2S promotes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and results in proliferation and invasion in liver cancer cells.
Modulation of mast cell adhesion, proliferation, and cytokine secretion on electrospun bioresorbable vascular grafts
Authors: Garg K. , Ryan J. J. , Bowlin G. L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMast cells synthesize several potent angiogenic factors and can also stimulate fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages. An understanding of how they participate in wound healing and angiogenesis is important to further our knowledge aboutin situvascular prosthetic regeneration. The adhesion, proliferation, and cytokine secretion of bone marrow‐derived murine mast cells (BMMC) on electrospun polydioxanone, polycaprolactone, and silk scaffolds, as well as tissue culture plastic, has been investigated in the presence or absence of IL‐3, stem cell factor, IgE and IgE with a crosslinking antigen, dinitrophenol‐conjugated albumin (DNP). It was previously believed that only activated BMMCs exhibit adhesion and cytokine secretion. However, this study shows nonactivated BMMC adhesion to electrospun scaffolds. Silk scaffold was not found to be conducive for mast cell adhesion and cytokine secretion. Activation by IgE and DNP significantly enhanced mast cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α, and IL‐13. This indicates that mast cells might play a role in the process of biomaterial integration into the host tissue, regeneration, and possibly angiogenesis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Accurate quantum‐chemical description of gold complexes with pyridine and its derivatives
Authors: Mollenhauer Doreen , Flob Johannes , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich , Voloshina Elena , Paulus Beate 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInteraction of gold with pyridine and its derivatives was studied by means of different wavefunction‐based correlation methods and standar DFT functionals as well as accounting for dispersion correction. Comparison of the calculated binding energies with benchmark CCSD(T)results allows us to find an appropriate computational method, when considering the two structures reflecting the interaction of gold with the lone pair at nitrogen, on the one hand, and with the π‐system of pyridine, on the other hand. Additional binding sites were evaluated, when performing potential energy surface calculations and structure optimizations. The enhancement of the interaction energy due to donor substituents in the 4‐position of the pyridine molecule has been investigated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Performance enhancements for GROMACS nonbonded interactions on BlueGene
Authors: Abraham Mark J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSeveral improvements to the previously optimized GROMACS BlueGene inner loops that evaluate nonbonded interactions in molecular dynamics simulations are presented. The new improvements yielded an 11% decrease in running time for both PME and other kinds of GROMACS simulations that use nonbonded table look‐ups. Some other GROMACS simulations will show a small gain. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Determining equilibrium constants for dimerization reactions from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: De Jong Djurre H. , Schäfer Lars V. , De Vries Alex H. , Marrink Siewert J. , Berendsen Herman J. C. , Grubmüller Helmut 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWith today's available computer power, free energy calculations from equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations “via counting” become feasible for an increasing number of reactions. An example is the dimerization reaction of transmembrane alpha‐helices. If an extended simulation of the two helices covers sufficiently many dimerization and dissociation events, their binding free energy is readily derived from the fraction of time during which the two helices are observed in dimeric form. Exactly how the correct value for the free energy is to be calculated, however, is unclear, and indeed several different and contradictory approaches have been used. In particular, results obtained via Boltzmann statistics differ from those determined via the law of mass action. Here, we develop a theory that resolves this discrepancy. We show that for simulation systems containing two molecules, the dimerization free energy is given by a formula of the form ΔG ∝ ln(P1/P0). Our theory is also applicable to high concentrations that typically have to be used in molecular dynamics simulations to keep the simulation system small, where the textbook dilute approximations fail. It also covers simulations with an arbitrary number of monomers and dimers and provides rigorous error estimates. Comparison with test simulations of a simple Lennard Jones system with various particle numbers as well as with reference free energy values obtained from radial distribution functions show full agreement for both binding free energies and dimerization statistics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Evolution of lone pair of excess electrons inside molecular cages with the deformation of the cage in e2@C60F60systems
Authors: Wang Yin‐Feng , Chen Wei , Yu Guang‐Tao , Li Zhi‐Ru , Wu Di , Sun Chia‐Chung 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFor unusual e2@C60F60(Ih,D6h, andD5d) cage structures with two excess electrons, it is reported that not only the lone pair in singlet state but also two single excess electrons in triplet state can be encapsulated inside the C60F60cages to form single molecular solvated dielectrons. The interesting relationship between the shape of the cage and the spin state of the system has revealed that ground states are singlet state for spherical shaped e2@C60F60(Ih) and triplet states for short capsular shaped e2@C60F60(D6h) and long capsular shaped e2@C60F60(D5d), which shows a spin evolution from the singlet to triplet state with the deformation of the cage from spherical to capsular shape. For these excess electron systems, the three ground state structures have large vertical electron detachment energies (VDEs (I) of 1.720–2.283 eV and VDEs (II) of 3.959–5.288 eV), which shows their stabilities and suggests that the large C60F60cage is the efficient container of excess electrons. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Anatomical variations of the carotid‐vertebral arteries: “Double‐vessel” sign on Doppler ultrasonography
Authors: Kantarci Fatih , Ozbayrak Mustafa , Gulsen Fatih , Besirli Kazim , Mihmanli Ismail 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe describe the “double‐vessel” sign and its relevance for the diagnosis of carotid and vertebral arterial anatomical variations in a series of four patients with stroke. In these four patients, two arteries could be seen at the expected location of the common carotid artery (CCA), leading to the diagnosis of anatomical variations including separate origin of internal and external carotid artery from the aortic arch on the left side and from the brachiocephalic trunk and the subclavian artery on the right side, early bifurcation of the CCA on both sides, and an aberrant course of the vertebral artery on the left side. The presence of two arteries at the expected location of the CCA should raise the suspicion of carotid or vertebral arterial variations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Treatment with rhBMP12 or rhBMP13 increase the rate and the quality of rat Achilles tendon repair
Authors: Jelinsky Scott A. , Li Li , Ellis Debra , Archambault Joanne , Li Jian , St. Andre Michael , Morris Carl , Seeherman Howard 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTendon injuries that result in partial or complete tears often come from chronic, repetitive use, or from sudden trauma. In some cases, torn tendons can be repaired, but such repairs often fail to completely restore tendon function. We used global gene expression profiling and histological examination to study tendon repair to elucidate key molecular processes that regulate the rate and quality of tissue restoration. Using a rat Achilles tendon transection model, tissue was collected at 3, 7, 10, and 15 days postinjury. The pattern of gene expression in the repairing tissue paralleled the healing phases of inflammation, matrix formation, and matrix reorganization. Newly formed repaired tissue is characterized by cells expressing many genes associated with tendon formation, thereby potentially distinguishing this repair tissue from other types of repair or scar tissue. Addition of recombinant human bone morphogenic protein (rhBMP)12 or rhBMP13, also known as growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) 6 and 7, 1 day after injury yielded increases in tissue volume, rate of cellular infiltration, and in changes in levels of key mRNAs involved in tendon repair. Altogether, our results indicate that rhBMP12 or rhBMP13 enhance the rate of tendon repair. A better understanding of the key molecular regulators of tendon repair could lead to the development of new therapies for tendon injuries and the identification of diagnostic markers that indicate the status of tendon repair after injury. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1604–1612, 2011
Ultrasound assessment of the motion patterns of human flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus tendons with speckle tracking
Authors: Yoshii Yuichi , Henderson Jacqueline , Villarraga Hector R. , Zhao Chunfeng , An Kai‐Nan , Amadio Peter C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe purposes of our study were to correlate ultrasonographically measured and joint angle estimated excursions of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons of the hand and to estimate the relative motion of FDS and FDP while gripping cylinders of standard diameter in normal human subjects. Thirty wrists from 15 human subjects were imaged with an ultrasound scanner. Speckle tracking was used to measure the excursion of the FDS and FDP tendons. The tendon excursions necessary to grip three differently sized acrylic tubes were measured and correlated with the corresponding finger joint angles. The FDP/FDS excursion ratio was calculated. The Pearson's correlation coefficient between the FDS excursion and MP + PIP joint angle was 0.61. The Pearson's correlation coefficient between the FDP + FDS excursion and the DIP + PIP + MP joint angle was 0.67. The FDP/FDS excursion ratio was smaller for larger excursions (gripping a smaller diameter tube) and larger for small excursions (gripping a larger diameter tube, P < 0.01). These data suggest that speckle tracking may be a useful method to discriminate the relative motion of flexor tendons, which in turn may be relevant in evaluating tendon function, for example after tendon injury. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1465–1469, 2011
Biodegradable Poly(ethylene carbonate) Nanoparticles as a Promising Drug Delivery System with “Stealth” Potential
Authors: Bege Nadja , Renette Thomas , Jansch Mirko , Reul Regina , Merkel Olivia , Petersen Holger , Curdy Catherine , Müller Rainer H. , Kissel Thomas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe goal of this study was to investigate the suitability of poly(ethylene carbonate) (PEC) nanoparticles as a novel drug delivery system, fulfilling the requirements for a long circulation time. Particles were obtained with a narrow size distribution and nearly neutral zeta potential. Adsorption studies with human plasma proteins revealed that PEC nanoparticles bind much less proteins in comparison to polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles. Cell experiments with fluorescently labeled PEC showed no uptake of the nanoparticles by macrophages. These novel PEC nanospheres with their unique surface properties are a promising candidate for long circulating drug delivery systems in vivo.
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Stimuli Responsive Size Control of Hyperbranched Polymers
Authors: Böhm Indra , Ritter Helmut 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of stimuli–responsive hyperbranched polymers is reported. Through polymer‐analogous amidation of polyethylenimine (PEI) with 5‐hexynoic acid and 10‐undecynoic acid two polymers were obtained, with different spacer lengths between the hyperbranched PEI‐ and the triple bond. In a further step, these triple bonds were clicked with mono‐(6‐azido‐6‐desoxy)‐β‐cyclodextrin (CD‐N3). The resulting polymers PEI‐(CH2)3‐CD and PEI‐(CH2)8‐CD show stimuli–responsive contractions and expansions, which was observed by use of dynamic light scattering (DLS). These size effects depend on the formation of inter‐ and intramolecular aggregates due to the different spacer length between the triazol and the CD. Furthermore, the size of the polymer with the longer spacer (PEI‐(CH2)8‐CD) could be influenced with adamantyl carboxylate through host–guest‐complexation resulting in a reassemble of the aggregates. Moreover, the pH dependent size control was studied by adding sodium hydroxide. The deprotonation of the ammonium groups from the PEI scaffold leads to a further decrease in the hydrodynamic diameters of PEI‐(CH2)3‐CD and PEI‐(CH2)8‐CD. Thus, the different polymer systems exhibit a wide range (4–170 nm) of mean size. Furthermore, successful complexation experiments of the obtained polymer with phenolphthalein were carried out. magnified image
Progression of striatal and extrastriatal degeneration in multiple system atrophy: A longitudinal diffusion‐weighted MR study
Authors: Pellecchia Maria Teresa , Barone Paolo , Vicidomini Caterina , Mollica Carmine , Salvatore Elena , Ianniciello Marta , Liuzzi Raffaele , Longo Katia , Picillo Marina , De Michele Giuseppe , Filla Alessandro , Brunetti Arturo , Salvatore Marco , Pappatà Sabina 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDiffusion‐weighted imaging has been largely used to detect and quantify early degenerative changes in patients with multiple system atrophy, but progression of neurodegeneration has been poorly investigated. We performed a serial diffusion‐weighted imaging study in a population of multiple system atrophy patients and analyzed the evolution of diffusion properties in striatal and extrastriatal brain regions. Diffusion‐weighted imaging was obtained in 11 multiple system atrophy patients at baseline and after a follow‐up of 11.7 ± 1.2 months, and Trace (D) changes in different brain regions were correlated with disease duration and severity. A significant increase in Trace (D) was observed at follow‐up in the putamen (P < .001), pons (P = .003), cerebellar white matter (P = .03), thalamus (P = .013), and frontal white matter (P = .021). Both Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale Part II and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III scores significantly increased at follow‐up (P = .003), but percent changes of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III and Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale Part II did not correlate with percent changes of Trace (D) values in any brain region. This longitudinal study provides new insights into the progression of neurodegeneration in different brain regions in multiple system atrophy. Our results confirm that abnormal diffusivity in the putamen is sensitive to change over time in multiple system atrophy patients and show for the first time a progression of Trace (D) alterations in specific extrastriatal regions. Diffusivity changes in these regions may be useful for monitoring disease progression even after a short follow‐up period. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Generalized GRAPPA operators for wider spiral bands: Rapid self‐calibrated parallel reconstruction for variable density spiral MRI
Authors: Lin Wei , Börnert Peter , Huang Feng , Duensing George R. , Reykowski Arne 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA rapid and self‐calibrated parallel imaging reconstruction method is proposed for undersampled variable density spiral datasets. A set of generalized GRAPPA for wider readout line operators are used to expand each acquired spiral line into a wider spiral band, therefore fulfilling Nyquist sampling criterion throughout the k‐space. The calibration of generalized GRAPPA for wider readout line operators is performed using the fully sampled central k‐space region. The resulting generalized GRAPPA for wider readout line operator weights are adaptively regularized to minimize the error in the newly‐generated data at different k‐space locations. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the technique can be used either to achieve a significant acceleration and/or to reduce off‐resonance artifacts due to a shorten readout duration. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.