bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow‐Induced Cytoskeletal Changes in Endothelial Cells Growing on Curved Surfaces
Authors: FRAME MARY D. , SARELIUS INGRID H. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTObjective: Our purpose was to investigate the effect of the shape of the growth surface (curved versus flat) on flow‐induced F‐actin organization in endothelial cells.Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were grown to confluence on curved or flat surfaces. Microchannels (curved surface, 10‐ to 30‐µm radius) or parallel plate flow chambers were perfused (30 minutes to 6 hours) at physiological flow rates (wall shear stress 1 to 10 dyn/cm2).Results: On curved surfaces, the number of central F‐actin stress fibers (for cells of equal area) decreased from 4.8 ± 0.3 (mean ± SE, n = 36) (static) to 0.9 ± 0.5 per cell in perfused microchannels. Perfusion with 100 µM histamine prevented this response to flow (5.5 ± 0.8 per cell, n = 12). Stress fibers were initially aligned with the long axis of the microchannel at an angle of 9 ± 0.7° (static). With flow, alignment of the few remaining central F‐actin stress fibers with respect to the long axis of the microchannel decreased to 19 ± 4°; this was prevented by perfusion with histamine (5.6 ± 1°). The number of stress fibers per cell, for cells grown on flat surfaces (8.1 ± 0.3, static, n = 36) was significantly greater than for cells on curved surfaces, and did not change with flow (8.1 ± 0.5 per cell, n = 6). On flat surfaces, the stress fiber orientation (with respect to the longitudinal axis of the channel) was 42 ± 1.4° (static) and did not change with flow (38 ± 4.2°).Conclusions: Endothelial cells on curved growth surfaces respond to flow rapidly, with marked changes in F‐actin central stress fiber formation. This implicates a tight relationship between cell shape and the environmental substrate, and suggests that the shape of the endothelial cell significantly impacts its ability to respond to its environment.
Experimental Models To Investigate Inflammatory Processes in Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Authors: KORTHUIS RONALD J. , UNTHANK JOSEPH L. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTChronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is characterized by leukocyte adhesion and infiltration, venous hypertension and dilatation, and valvular dysfunction. The fact that activated white cells can direct a powerful cytotoxic arsenal at parenchymal cells following their extravasation into the tissues led to the original proposal that leukocytes may play a causative role in the pathogenesis of venous disease. A large body of subsequent work indicates that white blood cells are indeed activated in CVI. However, identification of the factors responsible for initiating leukosequestration and activation in such disorders and determination of whether these activated cells then contribute to the progression of venous disease have been hampered by the lack of appropriate animal models that accurately mimic the human condition. Tantalizing evidence suggesting that cyclical periods of ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) may occur in diseased regions of the skin is beginning to accumulate. As is the case with CVI, leukocyte infiltration is a prominent feature in I/R and activated neutrophils play a causative role in the reperfusion component of tissue injury via the targeted release of reactive oxygen metabolites and hydrolytic enzymes. In light of these considerations, many investigators have suggested that examining the mechanisms of I/R injury in skin and skeletal muscle, where ischemia is produced by arterial occlusion, may provide a relevant model for studying the pathogenesis of CVI. Others have suggested that venous occlusion may represent a more appropriate model, as this approach also produces the venous hypertension that is characteristic of the disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence pointing to the involvement of I/R and venous hypertension as causative factors in CVI‐induced leukocyte recruitment. In addition, we will describe the evidence in favor of the view that white blood cells contribute to the pathogenesis of CVI. Finally, we will describe several different experimental models that have been used to examine the role of I/R‐induced microvascular dysfunction as it may pertain to the development of CVI, together with a discussion of the relative advantages and limitations of the various models.
Regulation of Adhesion Molecules: A New Target for the Treatment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Authors: VERBEUREN TONY J. , BOUSKELA ELIETE , COHEN RICHARD A. , VANHOUTTE PAUL M. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTAs more insight into the mechanisms leading to chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is gained, novel targets for drug treatment of the disease, or of its complications, become available. Studies using chemical entities capable of inhibiting leukocyte adhesion in postcapillary venules have led to the discovery of selective inhibitors of cell adhesion mechanisms. The aim of the current review is to describe the pharmacology, biochemistry, and molecular biology studies performed with some new inhibitors of adhesion molecule expression. Compounds such as hydroxy triallyl farnisine (S 17834) may offer new and efficient treatment of the microcirculatory complications that accompany chronic venous disease.
20‐HETE Contributes to Myogenic Activation of Skeletal Muscle Resistance Arteries in Brown Norway and Sprague‐Dawley Rats
Authors: FRISBEE JEFFERSON C. , ROMAN RICHARD J. , FALCK JOHN R. , KRISHNA U. MURALI , LOMBARD JULIAN H. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the role of 20‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20‐HETE), a product of arachidonic acid ω‐hydroxylation via cytochrome P450 (CP450) 4A enzymes, in regulating myogenic activation of skeletal muscle resistance arteries from normotensive Brown Norway (BN) and Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats.Methods: Gracilis arteries (GA) were isolated from each animal, viewed via television microscopy, and vessel diameter responses to elevated transmural pressure were measured with a video micrometer under control conditions and following pharmacological inhibition of the CP450 4A enzyme system.Results: Under control conditions, GA from both rat groups exhibited strong, endothelium‐independent myogenic activation, which was impaired following treatment with either 17‐octadecynoic acid (17‐ODYA) or dibromo‐dodecenylmethylsulfimide (DDMS), two mechanistically different inhibitors of 20‐HETE production. The addition of tetraethylammonium (KCa channel inhibitor) to 17‐ODYA‐treated GA restored myogenic reactivity to levels comparable to those under control conditions. Treatment of GA from BN and SD rats with 6(Z), 15(Z)‐20‐HEDE, a selective antagonist for 20‐HETE receptors, mimicked the effects of 17‐ODYA and DDMS treatment on myogenic reactivity.Conclusions: These results suggest that the production of 20‐HETE via CP450 4A enzymes contributes to the myogenic activation of skeletal muscle resistance arteries from normotensive BN and SD rats. 20‐HETE may act through a receptor‐mediated process to block vascular smooth muscle KCa channels in response to the elevated transmural pressure.
Regulation of Blood—Brain Barrier Permeability
Authors: MAYHAN WILLIAM G. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThe blood‐brain barrier minimizes the entry of molecules into brain tissue. This restriction arises by the presence of tight junctions (zonulae occludens) between adjacent endothelial cells and a relative paucity of pinocytotic vesicles within endothelium of cerebral arterioles, capillaries, and venules. Many types of stimuli can alter the permeability characteristics of the blood‐brain barrier. Acute increases in arterial blood pressure beyond the autoregulatory capacity of cerebral blood vessels, application of hyperosmolar solutions, application of various inflammatory mediators known to be elevated during brain injury, and/or activation of blood‐borne elements such as leukocytes can produce changes in permeability of the blood‐brain barrier. The second messenger systems that account for increases in permeability of the blood‐brain barrier during pathophysiologic conditions, however, remain poorly defined. This review will summarize studies that have examined factors that influence disruption of the blood‐brain barrier, and will discuss the contribution of various cellular second messenger pathways in disruption of the blood‐brain barrier during pathophysiologic conditions.
Nitric Oxide Attenuates but Superoxide Enhances iNOS Expression in Endotox in‐ and IFNγ‐Stimulated Skeletal Muscle Endothelial Cells
Authors: WU FENG , CEPINSKAS GEDIMINAS , WILSON JOHN X. , TYML KAREL 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTObjective: Endothelial cells (ECs) in septic skeletal muscle may be exposed to large amounts of NO and superoxide generated by the skeletal muscle cells. We tested the hypothesis that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction in ECs (i.e., one of the steps in the septic process) is modulated by extravascularly generated nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide.Methods: To model sepsis in vitro, monolayers of microvascular ECs derived from rat skeletal muscle were incubated with a mixture of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (25 ng/mL) and interferonγ (IFNγ) (100 U/mL) for up to 24 hours. Next, a long‐term release NO donor (DETA NONOate), a superoxide‐generating mixture (xanthine oxidase/xanthine; XO/X), or DETA + XO/X were added to the LPS + IFNγ mixture. The iNOS protein and activity, as well as intracellular oxidative stress, were measured at intervals up to 24 hours, whereas the activation of AP‐1, IRF‐1, and NFκB transcription factors was determined at 2 and 24 hours.results: LPS + IFNγ caused time‐dependent increases in iNOS protein and activity. Increasing concentrations of DETA (up to 500 µM) decreased, whereas XO/X (10 mU per mL/0.1 mM, respectively) markedly enhanced, iNOS expression and activity. DETA attenuated the enhancement by XO/X. Although intracellular oxidative stress was not altered by LPS + IFNγ, modulations of iNOS expression by DETA, XO/X, and DETA + XO/X correlated with changes in oxidative stress. Among the three transcription factors, only IRF‐1 and NFκB seemed to be involved in iNOS induction and its modulation by DETA and XO/X.Conclusions: LPS + IFNγ can induce iNOS expression in microvascular ECs from rat skeletal muscle, whereas NO and superoxide modulate this expression. On the basis of these observations we suggest that NO and superoxide from the extravascular tissue may play a key role in the inflammatory response of septic ECs.
Recurrent ovarian cancer: Treatment with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin; a Westmead Cancer Care Centre experience
Authors: DEAR Rachel F , GAO Bo , HARNETT Paul 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim:  To describe the overall survival, progression‐free survival, response rate and toxicity of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in recurrent ovarian cancer.Methods:  A retrospective study of 45 patients with recurrent or progressive ovarian cancer was conducted at the Westmead Cancer Care Centre. Patients received PLD at a starting dose of 30–50 mg/m2 every 4 weeks.Results:  A total of 43 patients were included for analysis. The starting dose was 40 mg/m2 in 67% of cases, and 21 % had a dose increase. A median of 2 cycles (mean 3, range 1–7) was given. All patients were assessable for response and 77% stopped treatment due to progressive disease. The overall response rate to PLD assessed by CA‐125 criteria was 14 percent (six of 43 patients). Five patients (12 percent) were from the potentially platinum‐sensitive group and one (2 percent) was from the platinum‐resistant group. The overall median progression‐free survival was 52 days (2 months), which was greater in the platinum‐sensitive than in the platinum‐resistant group (4.4 months vs 1.7 months, respectively, P = 0.030). The median overall survival was 296 days (10.6 months) with a trend for this to be longer in the platinum‐sensitive than in the platinum‐resistant group (13 vs 9 months, P = 0.393). Overall 25 percent of patients had grade 2 or 3 toxicity.Conclusion:  The benefit of PLD in platinum‐resistant recurrent ovarian cancer is small and the treatment has considerable toxicity. These data support the need to establish whether chemotherapy in this setting has any favorable effect on quality of life. The Australian New Zealand Gynaecological Oncology Group is currently addressing this question in a large prospective study measuring both the subjective and objective benefit (response and survival) of palliative chemotherapy in platinum‐resistant or refractory ovarian cancer in Australia. Clinicians are urged to enter their patients in this study to address this important question.
Evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics and treatment effects of an ανβ3 integrin inhibitor on bone turnover and disease activity in men with hormone‐refractory prostate cancer and bone metastases
Authors: ROSENTHAL Mark A , DAVIDSON Peter , ROLLAND Frederic , CAMPONE Mario , XUE Lingling , HAN Tae H , MEHTA Anish , BERD Yuliya , HE Weili , LOMBARDI Antonio 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim:  This study aimed to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics and treatment effects of an ανβ3 integrin inhibitor on bone turnover and disease activity in men with hormone‐refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) and bone metastases.Methods:  A total of 21 patients with bone metastases and HRPC were randomized to receive MK‐0429 200 mg b.i.d. or 1600 mg b.i.d. for 4 weeks. Toxicity, pharmacokinetics and markers of bone turnover and tumor activity were examined.Results:  Nausea was the most common adverse event: one (200‐mg group) and 11 (1600‐mg group) patients. At 4 weeks, mean AUC0–12 h was 210 mmol*h (200‐mg group) and 673 mmol*h (1600‐mg group); mean Cmax values were 42 mmol/L (200‐mg group) and 154 mmol/L (1600‐mg group). Urinary cross‐linked N‐telopeptides of type I collagen to creatinine ratio (uNTx), a bone turnover biomarker, showed a change from baseline of −43.4 percent (200‐mg group) and −34.1 percent (1600‐mg group). There was an increase in serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), a marker for disease activity, of 54.1 percent (200‐mg group) and 44.5 percent (1600‐mg group).Conclusion:  MK‐0429 was generally well tolerated, with the most common side‐effect being nausea. There was some evidence of an early reduction of bone turnover, indicating a potential for clinical use in the treatment of MBD although serum PSA was unexpectedly increased during the study.
GLB Adolescent's “Coming out”
Authors: Riley Bettina H. 
Published: January 2010

TOPIC: A greater number of gay males, lesbians, and bisexual females or males (GLB) are “coming out” during adolescence. Discussion includes nursing implications.PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to review the process of GLB disclosure, highlight the trend toward earlier outing, and discuss its implications for nursing practice.SOURCES: Sources include scholarly published literature, professional organization documents, and GLB advocacy publications.CONCLUSIONS: Nurses need to update their knowledge of coming‐out issues, as well as nondisclosing sexual behavior, to assess youth and family needs and direct care appropriately.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Nursing Care of Families With Parents Who Are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender
Authors: Weber Scott 
Published: January 2010

TOPIC:  Families in which parents are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender are more diverse than they are similar. The numbers of parents and children in these families appear to be increasing with implications for nurses and other clinicians.PURPOSE:  This paper reviews the current literature to determine the fundamental issues facing alternate families that include sexual minority parents and their children. It also explores the unique nursing needs of families with gay, lesbian, transgender, or bisexual parents in the field, which are critically examined for direct relevance to psychiatric nursing practice.SOURCES USED:  Current theoretical and research literature in nursing, child development, family law, and healthcare professional journals.CONCLUSIONS:  Despite a relative lack of pathology noted in the literature related to families with sexual minority parents, nurses, and other healthcare professionals can incorporate current knowledge of unique child developmental, parenting, and legal issues into their work with these families. Assessments and interventions that address the unique needs of these families may help parents and children to deal with social stress from being perceived as “different” by other children, or as “problematic and threatening” by other parents.
QUALITY OF BREAD SUPPLEMENTED WITH SILVER EAR
Authors: TSENG YU‐HSIU , YANG JOAN‐HWA , LI RUEI‐CHIAN , MAU JENG‐LEUN 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT Silver ear (Tremella fuciformis Berkeley) was used to substitute wheat flour to make bread. Bread quality including specific volume, color and sensory evaluation, and taste components including proximate composition, soluble sugars, free amino acids and 5′‐nucleotides in bread supplemented with silver ear were analyzed and compared with those of white bread. White bread and 5% silver ear bread had a comparable proximate composition. Specific volumes of 2% and 5% silver ear breads and white bread were 4.02, 3.96 and 3.79 cm3/g, respectively. Both breads contained considerately low amounts of monosodium glutamate‐like and sweet components of free amino acids and flavor 5′‐nucleotides. The white bread looked lighter and whiter than 5% silver ear bread. All sensory results indicated that two breads were moderately acceptable. Overall, silver ear could be incorporated into bread to provide its beneficial health effects.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSilver ear mushroom (Tremella fuciformis Berkeley) is commonly used as food in Oriental countries and is also a traditional Chinese medicine. The mushroom can be added to food as a supplement to extend and broaden its consumption and provide the beneficial health effects through various food products. Bread is consumed all over the world and many food ingredients have been included in bread formulation to increase its diversity, nutritional value and product appeal. Accordingly, the mushroom was used to substitute wheat flour to make bread. Bread quality including specific volume, color and sensory evaluation, and taste components including proximate composition, soluble sugars, free amino acids and 5′‐nucleotides in silver ear bread were valuable information for its practical application. The present work showed that silver ear could be incorporated into bread to provide its beneficial health effects.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND SENSORY ACCEPTABILITY OF LUPIN‐BASED TOFU
Authors: JAYASENA V. , KHU W.S. , NASAR‐ABBAS S.M. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT The effect of lupin substitution on quality and sensory acceptability of tofu was investigated. Tofu samples were prepared using a standard method by substituting lupin at 0, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% for soybean. Yield, chemical composition (moisture, protein and fat contents), texture, color and sensory characteristics of the product were assessed. The yield, protein and fat contents decreased with the increase in lupin concentration. On fresh basis, the yield decreased from 306 g to 200 g/100 g bean with increase in lupin content from 0–60% but no significant (P < 0.05) decrease in yield was found on dry basis up to 50% lupin incorporation. The protein and fat contents (dry basis) decreased from 64.9–51.6% and 29.2–13.4%, respectively, with increase in lupin substitution from 0 to 60%. Lupin substitution also affected the color of tofu samples. While there was no effect on L* and a* values, b* value (representing yellowness) increased significantly with increase in lupin substitution. The texture components (hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness) were not affected by lupin substitution. Results of sensory evaluation showed that lupin substitution up to 40% had no effect on texture, flavor and overall acceptability of tofu samples. Lupin substitution of 30–40% improved the appearance of deep‐fried tofu samples. This study revealed that lupin can be substituted up to 40% for soybean in tofu manufacturing without significant changes in quality and acceptability. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSLupin has comparable nutritional and functional properties to soybean. Lupin can be used to replace soybean in a number of food products including tofu. In comparison with soybean, lupin has lower fat content, whereas, its protein content is comparable. The fat content of tofu can be reduced by lupin substitution without affecting its sensory acceptability. A tofu with lesser fat but comparable protein contents will be a healthy alternative to the normal tofu and could be a great choice for low fat and high protein healthy diets. Because the cost of lupin is almost half the cost of soybean, a considerable cost saving could be achieved by incorporating lupin into tofu.
PHYSICAL QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF COOKIES MADE WITH ADDED DEFATTED MAIZE GERM FLOUR
Authors: NASIR M. , SIDDIQ M. , RAVI R. , HARTE J.B. , DOLAN K.D. , BUTT M.S. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT Defatted maize germ (DMG) was blended with wheat flour for making cookies. DMG flour at 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25% was used to partially replace wheat flour in cookie formulation, and cookies thus made were evaluated for physical characteristics and sensory quality by a small semi‐trained panel and a 75‐member consumer panel. Proximate analysis of DMG flour showed a composition of 27.6% crude protein, 13.0% crude fiber and 7.5% ash contents. The force required for breaking cookies increased with DMG flour addition. Based on preliminary evaluation of cookies made with all five DMG flour levels by the small panel, three treatments (5%, 10% and 15% DMG flour fortification) were selected for cookies sensory analysis by a consumer panel. On a 9‐point hedonic scale, the highest overall acceptability score of 6.6 was obtained with 5% fortification, which was similar to control (6.7). All other treatments, though significantly different than the control, had an overall acceptability score of >5. These results demonstrate that cookies made with up of 15% DMG flour exhibited sensory scores within an acceptable range, as none were≤5 (neither like, nor dislike) that was deemed as a limit of marketability.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSDefatted maize germ (DMG), a by‐product of the maize milling industry, is a nutrient‐dense and relatively low‐cost product. In a separate study in our laboratory, the DMG flour was shown to possess excellent functional properties, such as bulk density, water‐ and oil‐absorption capacities, and dough textural properties. The DMG flour addition to different food systems can greatly enhance the nutritional status, especially protein and crude fiber content, without compromising consumer acceptance. The results of the present study can also serve as a valuable resource to further explore the utilization of DMG as a flour extender in marketing of other bakery products – bread, cakes, muffins, to name a few – of acceptable quality.
Current outline of regulation of Bt‐maize and transgenic insects in Mexico
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ‐PÉREZ Mario A. , REAL‐NAJARRO Olga 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper discusses the regulation of Bt‐maize and transgenic insects in Mexico, pointing out the current state of the use of these biotechnological developments. In addition, as insect biotechnology is new for Mexico, regulatory protocols are still under development. Technical barriers to using Bacillus thuringensis (Bt)‐maize for pest control in Mexico have been deployed by regulatory uncertainty which, associated with cultural factors, underplay biological motives. Although the use of Bt‐maize is still controversial in Mexico, since 2009, Bt‐maize has been cultivated experimentally.