bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equine lymphocyte antigens in four major Belgian horse populations. Contribution to serology and antigen distribution
Authors: Varewyck H. , Bouquet Y. , Lazary S. , Guérin G. , Van de Weghe A. , Van Zeveren A. 
Published: August 2010

Summary158 Belgian Saddlebreds, 130 Belgian Trotters, 108 Belgian Draft horses and 92 Shetland ponies have been typed for serologically defined antigens at the ELA and ELY systems. Gene frequencies were estimated in each breed for the internationally established ELA, ELY‐1 and ELY‐2 alleles as well as for locally assigned additional ELA markers and for subtypes of ELA‐W3, W9 and W11. The distribution of ELA alleles was in agreement with the expected Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium for the 4 horse breeds described here. Differences in gene frequencies between these main Belgian horse populations were observed.
Trends in economic traits, halothane sensitivity, blood group and enzyme systems of Swiss Landrace and Large White pigs
Authors: Vögeli P. , Schwörer D. , Kühne R. , Wysshaar M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPigs deriving from 150 breeding centres constituting a representative section of elite breeding herds (2496 Swiss Landrace pigs, 587 Swiss Large White pigs) were subjected to blood typing during the period 1981 to 1984. Production traits such as daily gain, feed conversion ratio, lean meat content and meat quality score were available to show the trend in these performance traits since 1978. Field data on the halothane reaction of 14 270 Swiss Landrace (SL) pigs were used to assess the porcine stress syndrome during the period 1978–1983.In SL pigs the frequency of the alleles Ha, PhiB and AdaA decreased significantly, and that of the Hc and PhiA increased during the period of the study. The frequency of the Ha allele dropped from 0.36 in 1981 to 0.20 in 1984, whereas the Hc allele rose from 0.22 to 0.37. In Swiss Large White (SLW) pigs, on the other hand, the frequency of the Ha allele increased constantly from 0.31 to 0.37 during this period.An initial frequency of 17.7 % (1978) halothane reactors in SL pigs was lowered to 0.7 % (1982) after five years of halothane testing.In SL pigs the meat quality scores improved regularly, whereas in SLW pigs it did not change very much. The percentage of PSE animals in the SL breed was reduced from 32.7 % in 1978 to 7.1 % in 1983.Because the Hal locus is associated with production traits such as meat quality, linkage disequilibria could explain the observed associations between the H and Phi types and production traits.
Gene order and recombination rates in the linkage group S‐Phi‐Hal‐H‐(Po2)‐Pgd in pigs
Authors: Hojný J. , Čpica S. , Hradecký J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryFamilies of Czech Landrace (94 litters and 636 offspring) were tested for halothane sensitivity, A‐O (S), H, PHI and PGD phenotypes. Informative matings for the estimation of recombination rates between marker loci were selected. The following recombination frequencies were established: S‐Phi= 4.8 % (2.5 % ‐10.7 %);S‐H = 6.8 % (4.3 %‐11.7 %); Phi‐H= 2.6 % (0.9 %‐5.3 9%); H‐Pgd = 4.4 % (1.6 %‐8.0 %). CCCC‐overs were observed also between S‐ Hal, Hal‐H andHal ‐ Pgd, but were not found between Phi ‐ Hal. On the basis of these results it has been possible to revise the position of the S locus in this linkage group. The most probable gene order would be: S ‐ Phi ‐ Hal (or Hal ‐ Phi) ‐H‐ (P02) ‐ Pgd.A striking difference was found between the number of halothane‐sensitive pigs (87) and HalnHaln genotypes determined by haplotyping (123). Segregation rates in 19 backcross matings and experimental matings of the animals proved that this difference is mostly due to incomplete CCC or low expression of halothane sensitivity.
Associations between marker genotypes, halothane reaction, CC activity and meat quality characters in a sample of German Landrace pigs
Authors: Glodek P. , Meyer J.‐N. , Brunken H.‐G. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryRoutine blood typing of German Landrace pedigree populations and an earlier study revealed very low frequencies of the favourable alleles at the marker loci Phi, Pgd and H. The hypothesis was that in this population the whole linkage group of favourable alleles at the halothane and neighbouring marker loci may have been lost as a consequence of intense selection for leanness and type. The present study of 1050 German Landrace pigs at the Relliehausen experimental station, where some effort has been made to maintain a higher frequency of the favourable alleles PhiA (0.48), H‐ (0.43) and PgdA (0.70) gave quite different results.The frequency of halothane‐positive pigs found by using a severe test was only 30 %. Only 5.4 %, 8.8 %, 13.4 % and 13.9 7% of animals with PhiAIA, H‐I‐, PgdA/A and PhiA/B genotypes respectively were halothane‐positive. Forty to sixty per cent of pigs with these marker genotypes could therefore be expected to be homozygous halothane‐negative (N/N) animals. Creatine kinase activity and three selected meat quality characters showed highly significant differences between the A/A and the B/B genotypes for the marker loci Phi and Pgd, with the heterozygotes being intermediate. These differences are greater than those observed between halothane‐negative and halothane‐positive phenotypes. The only other consistently superior marker genotype in this population was the H blood group genotype H‐I‐. In contrast to findings from Sweden and Switzerland, the postalbumin locus Po2 and the suppressor locus S for the A‐O blood groups did not exhibit useful marker qualities.It is concluded that in the German Landrace the marker loci Phi, Pgd and H could also be helpful in breeding homozygous halothane‐negative pigs with distinctly better meat quality characteristics.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single and multiple doses of the MAO‐6 inhibitor lazabemide in healthy subjects
Authors: Dingemanse Jasper , Wood Nolan , Jorga Karin , Kettler Rolf 
Published: August 2010

AimThe objectives of this study were to assess the tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the reversible monoamine oxidase B (MAO‐B) inhibitor, lazabemide, in healthy subjects.MethodsSingle and multiple (1 week) twice daily oral doses (100–350 mg) of lazabemide were administered sequentially to five groups of six healthy male subjects in a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind design. Adverse events, vital signs, and clinical laboratory variables were recorded. Pharmacokinetic parameters of lazabemide were determined after single and multiple doses. Pharmacodynamics were assessed by determination of MAO‐B activity in blood platelets and intravenous tyramine potentiation tests.ResultsLazabemide was well tolerated at all dose levels, causing no clinically relevant changes in vital signs or laboratory parameters. Headache was the most frequent adverse event at higher doses. Lazabemide was rapidly absorbed and eliminated by mixed linear and non‐linear pathways. Only minor accumulation occurred upon multiple dosing and steady‐state plasma concentrations were achieved on the third day. Lazabemide caused a rapid and reversible inhbition of MAO‐B activity in platelets. The twice dady dosing regimen resulted in complete inhbition at all dose levels. The duration of complete inhbition was dose‐dependent and ranged from 16 h with 100 mg to 36 h with 350 mg. The sensitivity to i.v. tyramine dd not change to a clinically relevant extent following single and multiple doses of lazabemide.ConclusionsThe clinical pharmacology characteristics of lazabemide did not differ markedly after single and multiple oral doses. A dose regimen of lazebemide 100 mg twice daily is anticipated because it caused full and continuous MAO‐B inhibition.
Onset of the neuromuscular block simulated in an anatomical model
Authors: Nigrovic V. , Banoub A. , Diefenbach C. , Mellinghoff H. , Buzello W. 
Published: August 2010

AimsThe aim of this study was to develop a pharmacodynamic model for nondepolarizing muscle relaxants (neuromuscular blocking agents, NMBAs) based on anatomical, Physicalogical, and pharmacological considerations and analyse whether the time to onset of the submaximal neuromuscular block (NMB) depends on the affinities of the NMBAs for the postsynaptic receptors or on the pharmacokinetic properties of the NMBAs.MethodsA quantitative description of the development of neuromuscular block was acheived by formulating a pharmacodynamic model based on anatomical, Physicalogical and pharmacological considerations. The principal characteristics of the model are: (1) Diffusion of the NMBAs out of the capillaries into the interstitial space of muscle and from there into the synaptic space of the motor end plates. (2) Receptor concentration in the synaptic space of 300 μm and the total amount of receptors in 100 g muscle of between 1.43 × (10−11to 10−10) mol. (3) Interaction of NMBAs with the receptors defined by the association (kaSSOC= 4 × 108min−1× m−1) and dissociation (kdissocone of 4, 40, or 400 min−1) rate constants.ResultsThe simulations demonstrated that different affinities of the NMBAs for the postsynaptic receptors (defined bykassoc/kdissoc) do not influence the onset of the submaximal NMB. On the other hand, the time to the peak submaximal NMB is dependent on the pharmacokinetic properties of the drugs: Those NMBAs that leave plasma rapidly produce the block faster but the fraction of the dose that contributes to the block is small. This fraction is larger for those NMBAs that produce NMB later and, hence, these NMBAs require smaller equieffective doses.ConclusionsWe conclude that those muscle relaxants that produce neuromuscular block rapidly require larger equieffective doses due to their more rapid initial disappearance from plasma.
The analgesic tramadol has minimal effect on gastrointestinal motor function
Authors: Wilder‐Smith Clive H. , Bettiga Andrea 
Published: August 2010

AimsThe analgesic tramadol, an opioid agonist and monoaminergic reuptake blocker, has been assumed to interfere less with gastrointestinal motor function than other opioid analgesics, but this has not been specifically investigated. In this study we examined the effect of tramadol on variables of gastrointestinal motor function.MethodsTen healthy volunteers participated in a two‐arm, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized, cross‐over study comparing tramadol 50 mg and placebo solutions given four times a day for 10 days. Oro‐caecal (lactulose H2‐breath test) and colonic (solid markers) transit times and anal sphincter pressures were measured after 10 days dosing.ResultsMehan oro‐caecal transit time was 90 min (interquartile range: 75–105) with placebo and 90 min (60–105) with tramadol (not significant). The mehan total colonic transit time increased from 45.6 h (25.2–64.8) with placebo to 58.8 h (50.4–78.0) with tramadol (not significant), which is still within the normal range (< 60 h). Anal sphincter resting pressures were not significantly changed by tramadol compared with placebo.ConclusionsTramadol has a minor delaying effect on colonic transit, but no effect on upper gastrointestinal transit or gut smooth muscle tone. Tramadol may be a useful analgesic where interference with gut motor function is undesirable.
A placebo controlled study of flumazenil in bronchoscopic procedures
Authors: Williamson Bruce H. , Nolan Peter J. , Tribe Anthony E. , Thompson Philip J. 
Published: August 2010

Methods A double‐blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial of the efficacy of flumazenil was conducted in 22 consecutive patients admitted for bronchoscopy. Sedation was induced by inhvidually titrated amounts of intravenous diazepam (mean ± s.d., 15.75 ± 4.4 mg). Post bronchoscopy, patients received up to 1 mg of the benzohazepine antagonist flumazenil (Anexate®) or placebo intravenously. Clinical scores for the degree of sedation, orientation in time and space, co‐operation and anterograde amnesia were used. These, together with three psychometric tests were performed twice prior to bronchoscopy and on eight occasions in the following 24 h. The psychometric tests were: Tapping Test (TT), Simple Reaction Time (SRT) and Critical Flicker Fusion (CFF) and these were carried out using the automated Multipsy test system. Results The level of co‐operation, orientation in time and space and anterograde amnesia were similar in both groups pre‐and‐post procedure. However compared with the pre‐bronchoscopy assessment, the maximum degree of apparent sedation was significantly less in the flumazenil group in the first 4 h. In support of this, the patients in the flumazenil group also showed a significantly greater proficency with the TT and CFF test post bronchoscopy (P<0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of side effects and flumazenil was well tolerated. Conclusions In this highly controlled setting, the use of flumazenil (Anexate®) was shown to be safe and effective in aiding recovery from benzodiazepine facilitated bronchoscopy and as such provides an additional level of safety for this procedure.
Short‐term sucralfate administration alters potassium diclofenac absorption in healthy male volunteers
Authors: Júnior José Pedrazzoli , Pierorsi Marcos de Almeida , Muscará Marcelo Nicolás , Dias Heidi Bernadetta , Ferreira da Silva Claudia Maria , Mendet Fabiana Duarte , de Nucci Gilberto 
Published: August 2010

Aims Since patients who regularly take NSAIDS may use sucralfate because of its cytoprotective properties, we examined the influence of this compound on the pharmacokmetics of diclofenac. Methods Potassium diclofenac (105 mg) was administered orally to eighteen healthy male volunteers with or without a 5‐day pre‐treatment with sucralfate (2000 mg twice daily). Blood samples were collected at intervals post‐dose and serum concentrations of diclofenac were determined by reverse‐phase h.p.1.c. Results Pre‐treatment with sucralfate significantly decreased both the AUC(0,8 h) [2265 ng h Ml−1 (geometric mean) (range 1815–2827)vs 1821 ng h ml−’(1295–2562)] and the Cmax [1135 ng ml−1 (geometric mean) (range 898–1436) vs 701 ng ml−1 (501–981)] with no significant delay in absorption [tmax 1.0 h (median) (range 0.5–2.0) vs 1.0 h (0.5‐4.0)l. Conclusions The short‐tern treatment of healthy male volunteers with sucralfate decreases potassium diclofenac bioavailability. These findings suggest that either an appropriate increase in the diclofenac intake or the use of another gastric mucosa protector must be adopted.
The effect of repeated‐dose activated charcoal on the Pharmacokinetics of sodium valproate in healthy volunteers
Authors: Al‐Shareef A. , Buss D. C. , Shetty H. G. M. , Ali N. , Routledge P. A. 
Published: August 2010

AimsWe investigated the effects of repeated‐dose charcoal administered several hours after sodium valproate on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of the drug in healthy volunteers.MethodsThe pharmacokinetics of sodium valproate were studied in seven healthy volunteers after administration of a syrup (300 mg) on two occasions, one of which was followed by administration of repeated doses of oral charcoal starting 4 h after the drug up to 32 h (total dose 80 g).ResultsValproate was rapidly absorbed with maximum concentrations 1 h after administration. The area under the plasma concentration‐time curve to 48 h (AUC (0,48 h)) was 408 ± 114.5 (s.d.)mgl−1h in the control phase and 398 ± 108.6 mgl−1h after charcoal and thet1/2elimination was 20 ± 6.8 h in the control phase, and 22 ± 9.2 h after charcoal (NS).ConclusionsRepeated‐dose activated charcoal does not appear to enhance the rate of elimination of sodium valproate after therapeutic doses of the drug and any beneficial effect of charcoal in overdose may be to prevent absorption of valproate still present in the gut.
The NF (Nuclear factor)‐κB inhibitor parthenolide interacts with histone deacetylase inhibitors to induce MKK7/JNK1‐dependent apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukaemia cells
Authors: Dai Yun , Guzman Monica L. , Chen Shuang , Wang Li , Yeung Sin‐Kei , Pei Xin‐Yan , Dent Paul , Jordan Craig T. , Grant Steven 
Published: August 2010

SummaryInteractions between the nuclear factor (NF)‐κB inhibitor parthenolide and the pan‐histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) vorinostat and LBH589 were investigated in human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells, including primary AML blasts. Co‐administration of parthenolide blocked HDACI‐mediated phosphorylation/activation of IKK and RelA/p65 in association with increased JNK1 activation in various AML cell types. These events were accompanied by an increase in apoptosis in multiple AML cell lines (e.g. U937, HL‐60, NB4, MV‐4‐11, and MOLM‐13). Significantly, parthenolide also increased HDACI‐mediated cell death in haematopoietic cells transduced with the MLL‐MLLT1 fusion gene, which exhibit certain leukaemia‐initiating cell characteristics, as well as primary AML blasts. Exposure to parthenolide/HDACI regimens clearly inhibited the growth of AML‐colony‐forming units but was relatively sparing toward normal haematopoietic progenitors. Notably, blockade of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signalling by either pharmacological inhibitors or genetic means (e.g. dominant‐negative JNK1 or JNK1 shRNA) diminished parthenolide/HDACI‐mediated lethality. Moreover, dominant‐negative MKK7, but not dominant‐negative MKK4/SEK1, blocked JNK1 activation and apoptosis induced by parthenolide/HDACI regimens. Together, these findings indicate that parthenolide potentiates HDACI lethality in human AML cells through a process involving NF‐κB inhibition and subsequent MKK7‐dependent activation of the SAPK/JNK pathway. They also raise the possibility that this strategy may target leukaemic progenitor cells.
South Asian immigrants' experience of child protection services: are we recognizing strengths and resilience?
Authors: Maiter Sarah , Stalker Carol 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTEthno‐racial minority families who come in contact with child protection services face unique challenges that include different ideas about appropriate child rearing practices, possibly different definitions of child maltreatment, the possibility of racial biases and service provision that does not address their particular needs. Ethno‐racial minority immigrants encounter additional barriers to services associated with the challenges of settlement in a new cultural environment. Although considerable research has explored these issues, knowledge of the experiences of ethno‐racial families who have been in contact with child protection is limited. The current paper provides insights from a qualitative study that explored the experiences of one ethno‐racial group (South Asians) in Canada. Findings suggest a variety of reasons that families come into contact with the child protection system, and the characteristics of the sample highlight their difficult financial and employment circumstances. Themes include participants' desire to be better informed about the reasons for child protection involvement and about what they can expect from the worker and the agency. They also identified a wish for services that not only recognize their cultural diversity but also respond to the needs of the whole family. In‐home services were especially appreciated. The findings reveal the resilience and personal agency among participants that can be enhanced through strength‐based approaches to practice. Helping others, establishing community networks and developing needed services were avenues of resilience identified.
Lipocalin2 protects against airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of allergic airway disease
Authors: Dittrich A. M. , Krokowski M. , Meyer H.‐A. , Quarcoo D. , Avagyan A. , Ahrens B. , Kube S. M. , Witzenrath M. , Loddenkemper C. , Cowland J. B. , Hamelmann E. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBackground
Allergen‐induced bronchial asthma is a chronic airway disease that involves the interplay of various genes with environmental factors triggering different inflammatory pathways.Objective
The aim of this study was to identify possible mediators of airway inflammation (AI) in a model of allergic AI via microarray comparisons and to analyse one of these mediators, Lipocalin2 (Lcn2), for its role in a murine model of allergic airway disease.Methods
Gene microarrays were used to identify genes with at least a twofold increase in gene expression in the lungs of two separate mouse strains with high and low allergic susceptibility, respectively. Validation of mRNA data was obtained by Western blotting, followed by functional analysis of one of the identified genes, Lcn2, in mice with targeted disruption of specific gene expression. Epithelial cell cultures were undertaken to define induction requirements and possible mechanistic basis of the results observed in the Lcn2 knock‐out mice.Results
Lcn2 was up‐regulated upon allergen sensitization and airway challenges in lung tissues of both mouse strains and retraced on the protein level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Functional relevance was assessed in mice genetically deficient for Lcn2, which showed enhanced airway resistance and increased AI associated with decreased apoptosis of lung inflammatory cells, compared with wild‐type controls. Similarly, application of Lcn2‐blocking antibodies before airway challenges resulted in increased inflammation and reduced apoptosis.Conclusion
These data indicate a protective role for Lcn2 in allergic airway disease, suggesting a pro‐apoptotic effect as the underlying mechanism. Cite this as: A. M. Dittrich, M. Krokowski, H.‐A. Meyer, D. Quarcoo, A. Avagyan, B. Ahrens, S. M. Kube, M. Witzenrath, C. Loddenkemper, J. B. Cowland and E. Hamelmann, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1689–1700.
T cell inflammatory response, Foxp3 and TNFRS18‐L regulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with nasal polyps‐asthma after staphylococcal superantigen stimulation
Authors: Pérez Novo C. A. , Jedrzejczak‐Czechowicz M. , Lewandowska‐Polak A. , Claeys C. , Holtappels G. , Van Cauwenberge P. , Kowalski M. L. , Bachert C. 
Published: August 2010

Cite this as: C. A. Pérez Novo, M. Jedrzejczak‐Czechowicz, A. Lewandowska‐Polak, C. Claeys, G. Holtappels, P. Van Cauwenberge, M. L. Kowalski and C. Bachert, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1323–1332.SummaryBackground
Staphylococcal superantigens may modulate airway inflammatory disease.Objective
We assessed the effect of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) on T cell activation in patients with nasal polyps and asthma, and its possible link to aspirin hypersensitivity.Methods
Leucocytes were isolated from five healthy subjects (controls), five asthmatics with nasal polyps without (NP‐ATA) and five with aspirin‐induced asthma (NP‐AIA). Cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of SEB for 4 and 18 h. Release of TH1/TH2 cytokines was assessed by Cytometric Bead‐Array. Foxp3 and TNFRS18‐L expression were analysed by qPCR and flow cytometry.Results
After 4 and 18 h, SEB significantly increased IFN‐gamma, IL‐4, TNF‐alpha, IL‐5 and IL‐2 concentrations in supernatants of both NP polyp groups compared with controls. Baseline Foxp3 was significantly decreased in both NP‐asthma groups. Incubation with SEB for 4 h induced a limited up‐regulation of Foxp3 in NP‐AIA patients, which was switched off consecutively. Foxp3 was significantly up‐regulated in the control group after 18 h, but not in the NP‐asthmatic groups. In parallel, TNFRS18‐L mRNA significantly increased after 18 h in the NP‐asthma groups compared with control subjects. This molecule was highly expressed in CD11c+CD14+ cells and its levels increased after 18 and 24 h culture in the NP‐asthma patients.Conclusion
SEB induces both TH1 and TH2 pro‐inflammatory responses in patients with nasal polyps and asthma regardless of the presence of aspirin hypersensitivity. The nature of this response may be linked to a basal deficiency of Foxp3 observed in the NP‐asthmatic patients and/or to the up‐regulation of TNFRS18‐L on monocytes/dendritic cell precursors.