bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE KNOWLEDGE‐CAPITAL MODEL OF FDI: A TIME VARYING COEFFICIENTS APPROACH
Authors: Mariel Petr , Orbe Susan , Rodríguez Carlos 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe present article reexamines some of the issues regarding the Knowledge‐Capital Model that encompasses both horizontal and vertical Foreign Direct Investment. The empirical support for this model is however mixed. This article proposes a new way of estimating coefficients by allowing them to vary over time. The estimation results obtained using data from 30 OECD countries for the period from 1982 to 2003 confirm that these coefficients cannot be considered as constant over time and that the vertical component of the Knowledge‐Capital Model is relevant.
REVENUE SHARING IN PROFESSIONAL SPORTS LEAGUES
Authors: Feess Eberhard , Stähler Frank 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTWe employ a model of n heterogenous profit‐maximizing clubs to analyze the impact of revenue sharing in professional sports leagues on competitive balance. Revenues of each club depend on absolute quality, relative quality and on competitive balance itself so that our model captures much of the preceding literature as special cases. We show that revenue sharing always increases competitive balance if clubs differ only with respect to the impact of absolute quality on revenues. On the contrary, revenue sharing reduces competitive balance if only clubs' relative qualities play a role for revenues or if only two teams are considered.
High cardiovascular event rates in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis: the REACH registry*
Authors: Aichner F. T. , Topakian R. , Alberts M. J. , Bhatt D. L. , Haring H.‐P. , Hill M. D. , Montalescot G. , Goto S. , Touzé E. , Mas J.‐L. , Steg P. G. , Röther J. ,   for the REACH Registry Investigators
Published: March 2009

Background and purpose:  Data on current cardiovascular event rates in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) are sparse. We compared the 1‐year outcomes of patients with ACAS ≥70% versus patients without ACAS in an international, prospective cohort of outpatients with or at risk of atherothrombosis.Methods:  The Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health Registry enrolled patients with either ≥3 atherothrombotic risk factors or established atherothrombotic disease. We investigated the 1‐year follow‐up data of patients for whom physicians reported presence/absence of ACAS at the time of inclusion.Results:  Compared with patients without ACAS (n = 30 329), patients with ACAS (n = 3164) had higher age‐ and sex‐adjusted 1‐year rates of transient ischaemic attack (3.51% vs. 1.61%, P < 0.0001), non‐fatal stroke (2.65% vs. 1.75%, P = 0.0009), fatal stroke (0.49% vs. 0.26%, P = 0.04), cardiovascular death (2.29% vs. 1.52%, P = 0.002), the composite end‐point cardiovascular death/myocardial infarction/stroke (6.03% vs. 4.29%, P < 0.0001) and bleeding events (1.41% vs. 0.81%, P = 0.002). In patients with ACAS, Cox regression analyses identified history of cerebrovascular ischaemic events as most important predictor of future stroke (HR 3.21, 95% CI 1.82–5.65, P < 0.0001).Conclusion:  Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis was associated with high 1‐year rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ischaemic events. Stroke was powerfully predicted by prior cerebrovascular ischaemic events.
Psychological subtyping finds pathological, impulsive, and ‘normal’ groups among adolescents who self‐harm
Authors: Stanford Sarah , Jones Michael P. 
Published: March 2009

Background:  Research to date suggests that as many as 12–15% of young people engage in self‐harm behaviour; however, the current understanding of the psychological basis of adolescent self‐harm is limited. The objective was to determine whether adolescents who self‐harm are a psychologically homogenous group. It was hypothesised that psychological subtypes would exist and these groups would report different rates of self‐harm.Method:  Nine hundred and forty‐four school students aged 11 to 19 and 166 first‐year psychology students aged 21 or younger completed a self‐report questionnaire. Participants were aged 11 to 21 (mean = 15.4, SD = 2.1). Sixty‐two percent of the sample were female (n = 692). Students were allocated to psychologically distinct groups. Rates of self‐harm were compared for the psychological subtypes of self‐harmers.Results:  Two hundred and thirty‐four participants reported lifetime self‐harm (21.1%; 95% CI 19–23%) and 78 reported recent self‐harm (7.0%; 95% CI 6.7–7.3%). The present study identified three psychologically quite distinct groups of adolescents within those who reported self‐harm – a psychologically pathological group, a psychologically ‘normal’ group, and an impulsive group. The pathological group reported the highest rate of recent self‐harm (50.9%); the psychologically ‘normal’ and impulsive groups reported similar rates of self‐harm (28.7% and 24.6%, respectively).Conclusions:  Adolescents who self‐harm are not a psychologically homogenous group. One pathological subtype of self‐harmers appears to most closely reflect a number of the psychological and social factors previously associated with self‐harm. However, a large proportion of the sample was allocated the psychologically ‘normal’ subtype. This finding highlights the importance of psychological screening of adolescents presenting for treatment for self‐harm as subtypes of self‐harmers may require disparate strategies for intervention. Further research is required in order to identify appropriate treatment strategies for each subtype.
White matter fractional anisotrophy differences and correlates of diagnostic symptoms in autism
Authors: Cheung C. , Chua S.E. , Cheung V. , Khong P.L. , Tai K.S. , Wong T.K.W. , Ho T.P. , McAlonan G.M. 
Published: March 2009

Background:  Individuals with autism have impairments in 3 domains: communication, social interaction and repetitive behaviours. Our previous work suggested early structural and connectivity abnormalities in prefrontal‐striato‐temporal‐cerebellar networks but it is not clear how these are linked to diagnostic indices.Method:  Children with autism (IQ > 70) aged 6 to 14 years old and matched typically developing controls were studied using diffusion tensor imaging. Voxel‐based methods were used to compare fractional anisotrophy (FA) measures in each group and to correlate FA measures in the autism group with the diagnostic phenotype described by the Autism Diagnostic Interview – Revised (ADI‐R) algorithm for ICD‐10.Results:  After controlling for the effects of age and white matter volume, we found that FA in the autism group was significantly lower than controls in bilateral prefrontal and temporal regions, especially in the right ventral temporal lobe adjacent to the fusiform gyrus. FA was greater in autism in the right inferior frontal gyrus and left occipital lobe. We observed a tight correlation between lower FA and higher ADI‐R diagnostic algorithm scores across white matter tracts extending from these focal regions of group difference. Communication and social reciprocity impairments correlated with lower FA throughout fronto‐striato‐temporal pathways. Repetitive behaviours correlated with white matter indices in more posterior brain pathways, including splenium of the corpus callosum and cerebellum.Conclusions:  Our data support the position that diagnostic symptoms of autism are associated with a core disruption of white matter development.
‘Learn Young, Learn Fair’, a stress management program for fifth and sixth graders: longitudinal results from an experimental study
Authors: Kraag Gerda , Van Breukelen Gerard J. P. , Kok Gerjo , Hosman Clemens 
Published: March 2009

Background: This study examined the effects of a universal stress management program (Learn Young, Learn Fair) on stress, coping, anxiety and depression in fifth and sixth grade children.Methods: Fifty‐two schools (1467 children) participated in a clustered randomized controlled trial. Data was collected in the fall of 2002, the spring of 2003, and the winter of 2004. Given the nested structure of the design mixed (multilevel) regression analyses were applied.Results: Positive effects were found for emotion‐focused coping at posttest (p < .01) and increased stress awareness at both time points. At posttest a decrease in problem solving was found (p < .01). After correcting for mediation by stress awareness the results showed that the program significantly reduced stress symptoms (p = .05) and anxiety (p = .01) at posttest. Effect sizes varied from small to large.Conclusions: Universal prevention programs that address stress and coping in children are warranted given the high prevalence of stress in children and the relationship between stress, on the one hand, and health complaints and pathology, on the other. Such programs are expected to be particularly salient for children with an increased sensitivity to stress and inadequate coping styles (e.g., diathesis‐stress model). The results indicate that the school‐based program ‘Learn Young, Learn Fair’ may be a valuable program for reducing stress in children.
Consumer concern, knowledge and attitude towards counterfeit apparel products
Authors: Marcketti Sara B. , Shelley Mack C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to explore the relationship of three variables (concern with apparel industry issues, knowledge about counterfeiting and attitude towards counterfeit apparel products) with consumer willingness towards paying a premium for non‐counterfeit goods. The intent of the research was to develop a theoretically based foundation from which educators and apparel industry leaders can develop policy regarding counterfeit goods. Will consumer concern and knowledge influence the behavioural intent of paying more for non‐counterfeit goods? We surveyed 244 undergraduate students within a fashion and apparel programme at a large Midwestern university. In this study, willingness to pay more for non‐counterfeit goods increased directly with greater concern, knowledge and attitude towards counterfeit apparel goods.
Preferences, Beliefs, and Self‐Management of Diabetes
Authors: Sloan Frank A. , Padrón Norma A. , Platt Alyssa C. 
Published: March 2009

Objective. To assess relationships between self‐assessed control over life events, subjective beliefs about longevity, time and risk preference, and other factors on use of recommended care for diabetes mellitus (DM), self‐assessed control of diabetes, general health, and laboratory measures of HbA1c levels.Data Sources. Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and 2003 HRS Diabetes Study (HRS‐DS).Study Design. We used logit and ordered logit analyses to assess use of recommended care, and subjective and objective measures of health outcomes.Data Collection. Secondary analysis of HRS and HRS‐DS data.Principal Findings. Individuals with higher self‐assessed control over life events and higher subjective probabilities of living 10 years engaged in more recommended DM care practices and had better self‐assessed DM control and general health. However, these beliefs did not influence HbA1c levels. More highly educated and cognitively able persons were more likely to follow care recommendations. There were differences by race/ethnicity in health outcomes, but not in health investment among Hispanics.Conclusions. Individuals' beliefs about control over life events and longevity influenced health investment and subjective health outcomes, although these beliefs did not translate into differences in HbA1c levels. Hispanics may realize lower returns on health investments, at least for diabetes care.
Effects of participation in a longitudinal study of dating
Authors: SURRA CATHERINE A. , CURRAN MELISSA A. , WILLIAMS KRISTI 
Published: March 2009

AbstractParticipation in interviews has the potential to change beliefs about dating relationships. Changes in beliefs should vary as a function of how much participants think and talk about their relationships. Participants (N= 464) were randomly selected for an interview study from households in a large Southwestern U.S. city. Participation should have positive effects on beliefs when thinking or talking is high and negative effects when thinking or talking is low. As predicted, talking moderates the association between participation and conflict, and thinking moderates the effects of participation on satisfaction and friendship‐based love. Results differed for men and women. Under conditions of low talk and high thinking, participation has negative effects. Implications of the effects of participation are discussed.
Attachment avoidance and commitment aversion: A script for relationship failure
Authors: BIRNIE CAROLYN , JOY McCLURE M. , LYDON JOHN E. , HOLMBERG DIANE 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDo avoidantly attached individuals, with fears of closeness and dependency, expect their relationships to fail? Moreover, do they expect specific events that will lead to failure? Canadian students outlined their expectations for a new romantic relationship by ordering a series of dating events using a card sorting procedure. Avoidance was associated with both expectations of relationship failure and commitment aversion (the absence of positive commitment‐enhancing events and presence of negative commitment‐undermining events). Commitment aversion mediated the relationship between avoidance and expected failure, and a multiple mediation model showed unique paths for positive and negative events. This suggests that avoidantly attached individuals enter into new relationships with detailed scripts for commitment aversion that lead them to expect relationship failure.
Liquid storage of marrow stromal cells
Authors: Lane Thomas A. , Garls Davina , Mackintosh Ellen , Kohli Sanjivan , Cramer Steven C. 
Published: March 2009

BACKGROUND: Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) for clinical trials are inevitably stored before administration, but little is known about the effects of storage on MSCs. The effects of short‐term liquid storage on the in vitro function of MSCs intended for a clinical trial were studied.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Early‐passage human MSCs were suspended in 0.9% saline or culture medium and stored at 4°C or room temperature for up to 72 hours followed by assessment of cell loss, viability, and growth in culture.RESULTS: When stored in saline at 4°C, MSC counts decreased by 5% to 20%, MSC viability decreased 17% to 37%, and MSC growth decreased 65% to 100% after 24‐hour storage. Similar results were obtained by MSC storage at room temperature or in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium or by addition of 1% human serum albumin (HSA) from two manufacturers. Storage of MSCs in saline with HSA from a third manufacturer maintained MSC viability at prestorage levels and improved poststorage MSC growth versus saline (32 ± 9% vs. 9 ± 9%; p < 0.05) or saline with two other HSA preparations (4 ± 4 and 8 ± 11%; p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: MSCs stored at 4°C or room temperature, in saline or culture medium, rapidly become nonviable. HSA preparations vary significantly in their ability to maintain poststorage MSC viability and growth. These results provide insight regarding the effects of storage on MSCs and indicate the need to screen HSA preparations before their use as additives to preserve MSCs during short‐term liquid storage.
Universal adoption of pathogen inactivation of platelet components: impact on platelet and red blood cell component use
Authors: Osselaer Jean Claude , Doyen Chantal , Defoin Laurence , Debry Cecile , Goffaux Maité , Messe Nathalie , Van Hooydonk Maryse , Bosly Andre , Lin Jin Sying , Lin Lily , Corash Laurence 
Published: March 2009

BACKGROUND: Pathogen inactivation of platelet (PLT) components (INTERCEPT Blood System, Cerus Europe) was implemented into routine practice at a blood center supporting a tertiary care hospital. Utilization of platelet components (PCs) and red blood cell (RBC) components was analyzed for 3 years before and 3 years after introduction of pathogen inactivation to assess the impact of pathogen inactivation on component use.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. An electronic database used in routine blood bank hemovigilance to monitor production and use of blood components was analyzed to assess clinical outcomes.RESULTS: Transfusion records were analyzed for 688 patients supported with conventional PCs and 795 patients supported with pathogen inactivation PCs. Additional analyses were conducted for intensively transfused hematology patients. Patient demographics (age category, sex, and diagnostic category) were not different in the two observation periods. For all patients, mean numbers of PC per patient were not different for conventional PCs and pathogen inactivation PCs (9.9 ± 19.5 vs. 10.1 ± 20.9, p = 0.88). Data for hematology patients (272 conventional PCs and 276 pathogen inactivation PCs) confirmed that days of PLT support were not different (31.6 ± 42.6 vs. 33.1 ± 47.9, p = 0.70) nor was total PLT dose (1011) per patient (87.3 ± 115.4 vs. 88.1 ± 111.6, p = 0.93). RBC use, for all patients and hematology patients, was not different in the two observation periods, either during periods of PLT support or outside periods of PLT transfusion support.CONCLUSION: Pathogen inactivation of PCs had no adverse impact on component use during a 3‐year observation period of routine practice.
Discovery and analysis of a novel parvovirus B19 Genotype 3 isolate in the United States
Authors: Rinckel Lori A. , Buno Brett R. , Gierman Todd M. , Lee Douglas C. 
Published: March 2009

BACKGROUND: Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a pathogen frequently identified in human plasma donations through the detection of nucleic acids. Three B19V genotypes have been defined based on isolates having greater than 10% divergence in overall DNA sequence. B19V Genotype 3 is a rarely occurring genotype that has been detected primarily in Ghana with sporadic reports in Brazil and France but has not been previously reported in North America.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A polymerase chain reaction assay was developed with broad specificity for B19V detection. The performance of this assay was assessed by testing approximately 440,000 clinical samples representing more than 81,000 individual donors. Determinations of B19V titer, DNA sequence, and antibody concentrations were performed on samples of interest.RESULTS: This assessment identified a series of eight plasma donations spanning 28 days from a single donor in the United States infected with B19V Genotype 3 as confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. The B19V titer of this series of donations showed virus titers that peaked at greater than 1011 IU/mL. The virus titer decreased significantly over the next several donations coinciding with an increase in immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels. The immunoglobulin G levels also increased but lagged approximately 7 days behind the IgM levels.CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a B19V Genotype 3 detected from a plasma donor located in the United States. Although our data are consistent with recent reports suggesting low incidence for this genotype, they indicate its increasing relevance among blood and plasma donors.
Plant species diversity and environmental heterogeneity: spatial scale and competing hypotheses
Authors: Lundholm Jeremy T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractQuestions: What is the observed relationship between plant species diversity and spatial environmental heterogeneity? Does the relationship scale predictably with sample plot size? What are the relative contributions to diversity patterns of variables linked to productivity or available energy compared to those corresponding to spatial heterogeneity?Methods: Observational and experimental studies that quantified relationships between plant species richness and within‐sample spatial environmental heterogeneity were reviewed. Effect size in experimental studies was quantified as the standardized mean difference between control (homogeneous) and heterogeneous treatments. For observational studies, effect sizes in individual studies were examined graphically across a gradient of plot size (focal scale). Relative contributions of variables representing spatial heterogeneity were compared to those representing available energy using a response ratio.Results: Forty‐one observational and 11 experimental studies quantified plant species diversity and spatial environmental heterogeneity. Observational studies reported positive species diversity‐spatial heterogeneity correlations at all points across a plot size gradient from ∼1.0 × 10−1 to ∼1.0 × 1011 m2, although many studies reported spatial heterogeneity variables with no significant relationships to species diversity. The cross‐study effect size in experimental studies was not significantly different from zero. Available energy variables explained consistently more of the variance in species richness than spatial heterogeneity variables, especially at the smallest and largest plot sizes.Main conclusions: Species diversity was not related to spatial heterogeneity in a way predictable by plot size. Positive heterogeneity‐diversity relationships were common, confirming the importance of niche differentiation in species diversity patterns, but future studies examining a range of spatial scales in the same system are required to determine the role of dispersal and available energy in these patterns.
Oral mucosal lesions and temporomandibular joint impairment of elderly people in the South East Local Government Area of Ibadan
Authors: Taiwo Juliana O. , Kolude Bamidele , Akinmoladun Victor 
Published: March 2009

Objective: To determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) impairment and oral health‐related habits in the elderly people in South East Local Government Area (SELGA) in Ibadan.Background data: SELGA is one of the largest local government areas in Oyo State, Nigeria and has a population of 225 800.Design: A cross‐sectional survey.Methodology: A randomly selected sample of 690 elderly people from 23 wards in SELGA were examined by two trained and calibrated examiners using mirror, probe and natural light.Results: One hundred and fifty‐five (22.46%) of the elderly examined had one or more oral pathology lesions, representing infection‐related swelling, non‐infection‐related swelling, pre‐malignant lesions, denture stomatitis, non‐denture based ulcers, angular cheilitis, geographic tongue, scrotal tongue, lichen planus, hyper‐pigmentation and TMJ impairment.Fifty‐five (35.5%) of these pathologies were infection‐related swellings. Six (3.9%) of the pathologies were denture‐related stomatitis, 14(9.03%) were pre‐malignant lesions, 14(9.03%) were non‐infection‐related swelling, while 27 (17.4%) were TMJ impairment. The rest of the lesions constituted the remaining 25.1%. Only 15.9% of the participants had tobacco‐related habits, 10.7% drank alcohol, whilst 41.6% chewed kola nuts.Conclusion: Oral pathoses prevalence (22.46%) was similar to findings in developed countries (29.9%) but with a reversal of causal factors, infection‐related swellings were more common, whereas pre‐malignant lesions were less common. The infections were mostly complications from periodontal disease, which culminated in abscess formation. Tobacco‐related habits were not highly prevalent among the elderly people in SELGA. However, oral pathoses resulting from nutritional deficiencies were the third most frequent lesions observed.