bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Peptides
Authors: Tulla‐Puche Judit , Albericio Fernando 
Published: September 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Two‐Photon Absorbing Materials for Molecular Optical Memory and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Ogawa Kazuya , Kobuke Yoshiaki 
Published: September 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Search for Infectious Causes of Human Cancers: Where and Why (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: zur Hausen Harald 
Published: September 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 25 Years After HIV Discovery: Prospects for Cure and Vaccine (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Montagnier Luc 
Published: September 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Affinity‐Based Proteomics Probes: Tools for Studying Carbohydrate‐Processing Enzymes
Authors: Stubbs Keith A. , Vocadlo David J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Grid‐based metaheuristics to improve a nuclear fusion device
Authors: Gómez‐Iglesias Antonio , Vega‐Rodríguez Miguel A. , Castejón Francisco , Morales‐Ramos Enrique , Cárdenas‐Montes Miguel , Reynolds José M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPlasma physics research for fusion still presents open problems that need a large computing capacity to be solved. Different modelling tools can be used to carry out simulations that will lead to saving costs in the development of fusion devices. The use of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) to look for approximate configurations offers a great approach for optimization processes, and avoids the use of brute force algorithms. However, since these applications require a high computational cost to perform their operations, the use of the grid arises as an ideal environment to carry out these tests. The distributed paradigm of the grid, as well as the number of computational resources, represents an excellent alternative to execute these tools. In this work we join these three ideas and present promising results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The variational Kalman filter and an efficient implementation using limited memory BFGS
Authors: Auvinen H. , Bardsley J. M. , Haario H. , Kauranne T. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn the field of state space estimation and data assimilation, the Kalman filter (KF) and the extended Kalman filter (EKF) are among the most reliable methods used. However, KF and EKF require the storage of, and operations with, matrices of size n×n, where n is the size of the state space. Furthermore, both methods include inversion operations for m×m matrices, where m is the size of the observation space. Thus, KF methods become impractical as the dimension of the system increases. In this paper, we introduce a variational Kalman filter (VKF) method to provide a low storage, and computationally efficient, approximation of the KF and EKF methods. Furthermore, we introduce a variational Kalman smoother (VKS) method to approximate the fixed‐lag Kalman smoother (FLKS) method. Instead of using the KF formulae, we solve the underlying maximum a posteriori optimization problem using the limited memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (LBFGS) method. Moreover, the LBFGS optimization method is used to obtain a low storage approximation of state estimate covariances and prediction error covariances. A detailed description of the VKF and VKS methods with LBFGS is given. The methodology is tested on linear and nonlinear test examples. The simulated results of the VKF method are presented and compared with KF and EKF, respectively. The convergence of BFGS/LBFGS methods is tested and demonstrated numerically. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cost‐effectiveness of a law banning the use of cellular phones by drivers
Authors: Sperber Daniel , Shiell Alan , Fyie Ken 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective: To assess the cost‐effectiveness of a law banning the use of cellular phones by drivers in the Canadian province of Alberta.Method: Cost‐effectiveness analysis using a probabilistic decision‐analytic model and publicly available data. We adopted a societal perspective. Health gains were measured in terms of quality‐adjusted life‐years. Costs include those associated with awareness raising, enforcement and the welfare loss associated with the reduction in cellular phone use, less savings in health care and other costs associated with automobile accidents.Results: A ban promotes health and releases resources worth more than the costs. There is an 80% chance that a ban will be ‘cost saving’, and a 94% chance that a ban will cost less than Can$50 000/QALY. The results are sensitive to the additional risk posed by cellular phone use while driving, and the rate and pattern with which drivers comply with a ban.Conclusion: Under our base line assumptions a cellular phone ban is likely to be cost saving from a societal perspective. The results are sensitive to parameters for which there is very little information or for which the available information is contradictory. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
China's Enterprise Bankruptcy Law (EBL 2006): cross‐border perspectives
Authors: Bu Qingxiu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWith China's new Enterprise Bankruptcy Law (‘EBL 2006’) having come into effect on 1 June 2007, a critical issue arises as to the extent to which Article 5, as a cross‐border provision, will strengthen creditors' rights across jurisdictions. In this paper attention will be paid in particular to how the Chinese People's Court is likely to exercise its discretion to grant recognition to a foreign court ruling, and vice versa. The paper will start with a brief introduction to the circumstances under which Article 5 came into being. The evolution of China's cross‐border insolvency practices will be examined through an analysis of an inbound case of B&T (2002) as well as an outbound one of GITIC (2005). In spite of the fact that China has not adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law, essential factors deemed necessary to be considered by China's court and its counterparts in US and UK are to be highlighted throughout the paper. Although the effect of Article 5 remains to be seen, it will be critically analysed focusing on some controversial issues. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tertiary butyl alcohol in drinking water induces phase I and II liver enzymes with consequent effects on thyroid hormone homeostasis in the B6C3F1 female mouse
Authors: Blanck O. , Fowles J. , Schorsch F. , Pallen C. , Espinasse‐Lormeau H. , Schulte‐Koerne E. , Totis M. , Banton M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) was administered to groups of 15 female B6C3F1 mice in drinking water at concentrations of 0, 2.0 or 20 mg TBA ml−1, for 14 days, for assessment of gross and histological changes in the liver and thyroid, thyroid hormones (T3, T4, and TSH), total hepatic cytochrome P450 (Cyp) content, specific Cyp activities and quantitative PCR analysis of specific Cyp enzymes (Cyp1a1, Cyp2b9, Cyp2b10, Cyp3a11), sulfuryltransferases (ST1a1, ST2a2, and STn) and glucuronyltransferases (UGT1a1, UGT2b1, and UGT2b5). Phenobarbital (PB) was administered to a positive control group by oral gavage at a daily dose of 80 mg kg−1. TBA caused, on day 14, a reduction in circulating T3 (12–15% decrease) and a dose‐dependent reduction in T4 (13–22% decrease), with no evidence of thyroid pathology. Two of five livers examined in the 20 mg TBA ml−1dose group showed mild, diffuse centrilobular hypertrophy. On day 14, Cyp 7‐benzoxyresorufin‐O‐debenzylase activity was significantly induced 12‐fold by TBA at 20 mg ml−1, and 1.8‐fold at the 2.0 mg TBA ml−1concentration. Cyp 7‐pentoxyresorufin‐O‐dealkylase activity was slightly induced (2.1‐fold) by 20 mg TBA ml−1on day 14. Quantitative PCR analysis of gene transcripts showed a significant induction of Cyp2b10 and ST1a1 with both TBA concentrations, and a slight induction of Cyp2b9 at 20 mg TBA ml−1only. PB induced all phase I and phase II gene transcripts except for Cyp1a1 and Cyp2b9. These findings suggest that TBA, at and below doses used in chronic studies, is an inducer of phase I and phase II liver enzymes, with resulting decreases in circulating thyroid hormones in B6C3F1 mice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequencing analysis of mutations induced by N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea at different sampling times in mouse bone marrow
Authors: Wang Jianyong , Chen Tao 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn our previous study (Wang et al., 2004, Toxicol. Sci. 82: 124–128), we observed that the cII gene mutant frequency (MF) in the bone marrow of Big Blue mice showed significant increase as early as day 1, reached the maximum at day 3 and then decreased to a plateau by day 15 after a single dose of carcinogen N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (ENU) treatment, which is different from the longer mutation manifestation time and the constancy of MFs after reaching their maximum in some other tissues. To determine the mechanism underlying the quick increase in MF and the peak formation in the mutant manifestation, we examined the mutation frequencies and spectra of the ENU‐induced mutants collected from different sampling times in this study. The cII mutants from days 1, 3 and 120 after ENU treatment were randomly selected from different animals. The mutation frequencies were 33, 217, 305 and 144 × 10−6 for control, days 1, 3, and 120, respectively. The mutation spectra at days 1 and 3 were significantly different from that at day 120. Considering that stem cells are responsible for the ultimate MF plateau (day 120) and transit cells are accountable for the earlier MF induction (days 1 or 3) in mouse bone marrow, we conclude that transit cells are much more sensitive to mutation induction than stem cells in mouse bone marrow, which resulted in the specific mutation manifestation induced by ENU. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sieve‐based device for MALDI sample preparation. II. Instrumental parameterization
Authors: Cristoni Simone , Molin Laura , Crotti Sara , Rossi Bernardi Luigi , Seraglia Roberta , Traldi Pietro 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA simple device effective for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) sample preparation, based on the spraying of matrix/sample solution through a stainless steel sieve (sieve‐based device, SBD), has been employed for the preparation of MALDI samples of peptides, polysaccharides and high molecular weight proteins. The instrumental parameters, mainly the sprayer voltage, solution and auxiliary gas flows, and distances between sprayer–sieve and sieve–MALDI sample holder have been optimized. The MALDI spectra obtained by laser irradiation of the microspots so obtained, exhibit resolution and sensitivity higher than those achieved by the commonly employed dried droplets (DD) method. Worth noting is the fact that, in contrast to what is observed in the DD method, identical spectra are obtained by irradiation of different areas of the MALDI sample, showing that by using the SBD the matrix/analyte ratio is constant over the entire surface. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Location, location, location: changes in the diversity of animal resources exploited by Tardiglacial humans in northern Spain
Authors: Turrero Pablo , García‐Vázquez Eva , Arbizu Miguel , Adán Gema E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPrey diversity of Homo sapiens in north Iberia exhibited shifts associated with climate warming after the Last Glacial Maximum, as deduced from animal remains obtained from Upper Palaeolithic caves in Asturias (northern Spain). Significant association of prey diversity and river proximity was found during adverse climate conditions, indicating opportunistic predation. A high increase of prey diversity was found when small animals (including fish) were taken into account in archaeological records, highlighting the importance of this type of prey in Palaeolithic diets. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early Pleistocene evolution of the Japan Sea Intermediate Water
Authors: Kitamura Akihisa 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe Early Pleistocene fossil record of the Japan Sea reveals that the planktonic foraminifer Globorotalia inflata succeeded in expanding its range from the East China Sea to the Japan Sea during interglacial stages of the Early Pleistocene; however, the species is only found in surface sediment samples from the southwestern‐most part of the sea. Based on the ecology of G. inflata and the water mass structure of the Japan Sea, it appears that its geographical distribution is mainly controlled by the low temperature of the intermediate water, which is caused by the cool‐water mass of Japan Sea Proper Water. The temporal and spatial patterns of G. inflata occurrence indicate that the intermediate water at 200 m depth during interglacial stages between 1.46 and 1.3 Ma was warmest during the Quaternary. This warm intermediate water probably resulted from the influence of the low‐salinity nature of the Tsushima Current due to the large inflow of East China Sea Coastal Water. After 1.3 Ma, the intermediate water at 200 m depth became cooler in a step‐wise manner. This cooling can be explained by an intensification of thermohaline circulation in the Japan Sea associated with strengthening of the East Asian winter monsoon and an increase in salinity due to enlargement of the southern strait. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionic liquid‐based ultrasound‐assisted extraction of fangchinoline and tetrandrine from Stephaniae tetrandrae
Authors: Zhang Lijin , Geng Yanling , Duan Wenjuan , Wang Daijie , Fu Maorun , Wang Xiao 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAn ionic liquid‐based ultrasound‐assisted extraction method has been developed for the effective extraction of fangchinoline and tetrandrine from Stephaniae tetrandrae. The effects of some ultrasound‐assisted extraction parameters including the concentration of [BMIM][BF4], pH, ultrasonic power and time were investigated to optimize the ultrasound‐assisted extraction conditions. Compared to the regular ultrasound‐assisted extraction and traditional refluent extraction, the proposed [BMIM][BF4]‐based ultrasound‐assisted extraction offered shorter extraction times (from 6 h to 40 min) and remarkable higher efficiencies (approximately 30% improved), which supported the suitability of the proposed approach. In addition, the proposed approach was confirmed by the good correlation coefficient (R2), recovery and reproducibility (RSD, n = 5), which were in the range of 0.9992–0.9995, 85.5–101.1%, and 1.87–4.33%, respectively.
The Ussing type chamber model to study the intestinal transport and modulation of specific tight‐junction genes using a colonic cell line
Authors: Bergmann Hannah , Rogoll Dorothee , Scheppach Wolfgang , Melcher Ralph , Richling Elke 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPolyphenols in apples, such as various hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids, have positive health effects that strongly depend on their bioavailability. In order to show that the Ussing‐type chamber is a useful model to study metabolism, transport, and tightness of cell monolayers in one experimental setup, monolayers of the T84 colon carcinoma cell line mounted in Ussing‐type chambers were incubated in the presence of physiological concentrations of various hydroxycinnamic acids (including ferulic, isoferulic, cinnamic, and hydrocinnamic acids) and flavonoids for 4 h. Concentrations of each tested polyphenol in the apical chamber, basolateral chamber, and those associated with the cells were then determined using HPLC with DAD (HPLC‐DAD). The transport studies showed that the amounts of the tested polyphenols that passed from the apical to the basolateral side of the T84 monolayers depended on their polarity. Metabolites, such as glucuronides and sulfates of ferulic acid, were also detected at measurable levels by HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS in the model system, but only when they were supplied at supra‐physiological concentrations (>100 μM). In addition, the transepithelial resistance (TER) of T84 monolayers was measured before and after the addition of polyphenols, with and without short‐term exposure to apical sodium caprate (C10), a tight junction (TJ) modulator. Exposure to C10 induced a decrease in TER that was reversible by incubation with polyphenols. However, no increase in paracellular permeability of tested polyphenols was observed after apical C10 exposure, so C10 did not promote fluxes of hydroxycinnamic acids across the monolayers. Further, real‐time PCR analysis of the T84 colon cell line showed that ferulic and isoferulic acids induced significant increases in expression of the TJ components zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) and claudin‐4 transcription, but reductions in occludin expression. In contrast, caffeic andp‐coumaric acids had no significant effects on the transcription of either ZO‐1 or occludin. Our results provide confirmation that T84 cells could be used as model system to simulate the intestinal mucosa, and that polyphenols are able to increase the TER of C10‐treated and ‐untreated T84 monolayers.
The complex links between dietary phytochemicals and human health deciphered by metabolomics
Authors: Manach Claudine , Hubert Jane , Llorach Rafael , Scalbert Augustin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA large variety of phytochemicals commonly consumed with the human diet, influence health and may contribute to the prevention of diseases. However, it is still difficult to make nutritional recommendations for these bioactive compounds. Current studies of phytochemicals are generally focused on specific compounds and their effects on a limited number of markers. New approaches are needed to take into account both the diversity of phytochemicals found in the diet and the complexity of their biological effects. Recent progress in high‐throughput analytical technologies and in bioinformatics now allows the simultaneous analysis of the hundreds or more metabolites constituting the metabolome in urine or plasma. These analyses give complex metabolic fingerprints characteristic of a given phenotype. The exploitation of the wealth of information it contains, in randomized controlled trials and cohort studies, should lead to the discovery of new markers of intake for phytochemicals and new markers of effects. In this paper, we briefly review the current methods used to evaluate intake of phytochemicals and their effects on health. We then describe the applications of metabolomics in this field. Recent metabolomics studies illustrate the potential of such a global approach to explore the complex relationships linking phytochemical intake and metabolism and health.
Influence of boundary conditions, specimen geometry and material heterogeneity on model calibration from triaxial tests
Authors: Medina‐Cetina Zenon , Rechenmacher Amy 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe recent capability of measuring full‐field deformations using advanced imaging techniques provides the opportunity to improve the predictive ability of computational soil mechanics. This paper investigates the effects of imperfect initial specimen geometry, platen‐soil and apparatus compliance, and material heterogeneity on the constitutive model calibration process from triaxial tests with nonlubricated platens. The technique of 3D‐Digital Image Correlation (3D‐DIC) was used to measure, from digital images, full‐field displacements over sand specimen surfaces throughout triaxial compression tests, as well as actual specimen initial shape, and deformations associated with platen and apparatus compliance and bedding settlement. The difference between predicted and observed 3D specimen surface deformations served to quantify an objective function in the optimization algorithm. Four different three‐dimensional finite element models (FEMs), each allowing varying degrees of material variability in the solution of the inverse problem, were used to study the effect of material heterogeneity. Results of the parametric study revealed that properly representing the actual initial specimen geometry significantly improves the optimization efficiency, and that accounting for boundary compliance can be critical for the accurate recovery of the full‐field experimental displacements. Allowing for nonsymmetric material variability had the most significant impact on predicted behavior. A relatively high coefficient of variation in model parameters was found among a statistical ensemble of tests, underscoring the importance of conducting multiple tests for proper material characterization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.