bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lumi‐dihydro‐toxiferin I, ein neues Bestrahlungsprodukt des C‐Dihydro‐toxiferins. 30. Mitteilung über Calebassen‐Alkaloide
Authors: Berlage F. , Bernauer Karl , Schmid H. , Karrer P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBei der Belichtung von C‐Dihydro‐toxiferin bei Gegenwart von Chlorophyll A oder Bengalrosa und Sauerstoff entsteht (neben Spuren C‐Curarin I) als Hauptprodukt ein neues Alkaloid, welches Lumi‐dihydro‐toxiferin I genannt wird. Es bildet ein gut kristallisiertes Pikrat und ein ebenso gut kristallisiertes Perchlorat und besitzt wahrscheinlich die Zusammensetzung C40H48–50 ON42+. Einige Eigenschaften der neuen Verbindung werden näher beschrieben.
Etude de composés d'addition des acides de Lewis. VI Spectre d'absorption infrarouge de l'acétone‐trifluorure de bore; spectre d'absorption infrarouge et moment de dipǒle du di‐propyl‐cétone‐trifluorure de bore
Authors: Chalandon P. , Susz B. P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLes auteurs ont étudié le spectre d'absorption infrarouge des composés d'addition acétone‐BF3 et di‐n‐propyl‐cétone‐BF3 (composé nouveau) en dispersion dans le nujol et en solution benzénique. La bande d'absorption caractéristique des cétones vers 1710 cm−1 est remplacée par une nouvelle fréquence d'absorption, d'intensité comparable, située environ 70 cm−1 plus bas. L'interprétation donnée est la formation d'une liaison de coordination entre les atomes de bore et d'oxygène, modifiant la répartition électronique au voisinage de ce dernier atome.
Zur Kenntnis der Sulfen‐ und Selenensäuren und ihrer Derivate. 10. Mitteilung. Die Einwirkung von Halogen auf Selenyläthylene
Authors: Hölzle G. , Jenny W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDie Einwirkung von Brom auf 1,1‐Diaryl‐2‐aryl‐selenyl‐äthylene wird untersucht. Dabei wurde festgestellt, dass solche Äthylene bei Anwendung von überschüssigem Brom in 1,1‐Diaryl‐2,2‐dibrom‐äthylen und Aryl‐selenenylbromid, bei Anwendung äquimolarer Mengen Brom in 1,1‐Diaryl‐2‐bromäthylen und Aryl‐selenenylbromid zerfallen. Der Mechanismus dieser Reaktion wird diskutiert.
Vorversuche zur Konstitutionsermittlung von Sarmentosid A, Thollosid und verwandten Glykosiden. (Die Glykoside der Samen von Strophanthus Thollonii Franch. 3. Mitteilung). Glykoside und Aglykone, 188. Mitteilung
Authors: Weiss E. , Schindler O. , Reichstein T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDie Identität von Sarmentosid A mit dem früher als «Sarmentosid C» bezeichneten Präparat wird erkannt. Der Stoff liefert bei der Acetylierung zwei isomere Tetra‐O‐acetyl‐Derivate, von denen nur eines eine freie Aldehydgruppe enthält. Das zweite (früher «Sarmentosid‐C‐acetat») ist ein Cycloacetal. Es gelang, krist. Sarmentosigenin A (Ausbeute ca. 6%) zu bereiten. Die präparative Überführung von Sarmentosid A in Sarmentosid‐A‐säure, Tri‐O‐acetyl‐sarmentosid E und Acarbäthosid wird beschrieben. Subst, α wurde als Ca‐Salz der Sarmentosid‐A‐säure erkannt.
Synthese und Isolierung von Vitamin K2 und isoprenologen Verbindungen
Authors: Isler O. , Rüegg R. , Chopard‐dit‐Jean L. H. , Winterstein A. , Wiss O. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe structure of vitamin K2, m. p. 54°, is established as 2‐methyl‐3‐all‐trans‐farnesylgeranylgeranyl‐1,4‐naphtoquinone by total synthesis and comparison of the synthetic compound with vitamin K2 from putrefied fish meal. It contains a terpenoid side chain of an odd number of seven isoprene units with 7×5 = 35 C‐atoms. In addition, a second vitamin K factor isolated from putrefied fish meal, m. p. 50°, is identified as 2‐methyl‐3‐all‐trans farnesylfarnesyl‐1,4‐naphtoquinone by comparison with a synthetic sample. Moreover eight other compounds of the vitamin K2 series have been synthesized.
Über eine neuartige Umlagerung des Δ2‐Cyclopentenyl‐acetonoxims
Authors: Griot Rudolf , Wagner‐Jauregg Theodor 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDurch Behandlung von Δ2‐Cyclopentenyl‐acetonoxim mit Zink und Eisessig wurde ein primäres Amin I erhalten, das die Summenformel C8H13NO des Ausgangsmaterials besitzt. Daneben entsteht ein zweites primares Amin E der Summenformel C8H13N. Auf Grund der zwischen dem Amin I und dem Amin E durchgeführten chemischen Übergange wird letzteres als das Sauer‐stoff‐freie Analogon des Amins I angesehen. Die chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften des Amins E sprechen dafur, ihm die Struktur eines 3‐Methyl‐3‐amino‐tricyclo‐[l,2,2,02,7]‐heptans zuzuschreiben.
Amphenone. 2. Mitteilung
Authors: Bencze W. L. , Barsky L. I. , Allen M. J. , Schlittler E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe preparation of 13 p‐substituted α,α‐dimethyldesoxybenzoins is given. In view of their adrenocortical activities the diamino compound II (isomer of Amphenone B) and the two monoamino derivatives IV and XI are of special interest.
A review of the trends of lymphomas in the equatorial belt of Africa
Authors: Rogena Emily A. , De Falco Giulia , Schurfeld Karin , Leoncini Lorenzo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLymphomas represent one of the most frequent cancer types in Africa. In particular, approximately 30 000 non‐Hodgkin lymphomas occur in the equatorial belt of Africa each year and these tumours are in among the top‐ten cancers in this geographical region. Several pathogens and environmental factors have been detected in association with these tumours, suggesting that they may contribute to lymphomagenesis. Unfortunately, there are still striking differences between developed and African countries in terms of early detection, diagnosis and treatment of lymphomas. Of note, the disease burden appears to be increasing in Africa. In addition, a much lower cure rate in the low‐income countries suggests that the difference in mortality will even become more pronounced in future. Therefore, improving diagnosis is crucial as without it, neither meaningful research projects nor effective patient management can be instituted. In this review, we will summarize the state‐of‐the‐art of lymphoma epidemiology, pathobiology and therapy, and will highlight the still existing gaps between developed and African countries. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐Coupling of C(sp3)–H Bonds with Organometallic Reagents via Pd(II)/Pd(0) Catalysis
Authors: Wasa Masayuki , Engle Keary M. , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed C–H activation/C–C bond‐forming reactions have emerged as a promising class of synthetic tools in organic chemistry. Among the many different means of forging C–C bonds using Pd‐mediated C–H activation, a new horizon in this field is Pd(II)‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of C–H bonds with organometallic reagents via a Pd(II)/Pd(0) catalytic cycle. While this type of reaction has proven to be effective for the selective functionalization of aryl C(sp2)–H bonds, the focus of this review is on Pd(II)‐catalyzed C(sp3)–H activation/C–C cross‐coupling, a topic of particular importance because reactions of this type enable fundamentally new methods for bond construction. Since our laboratory’s initial report on cross‐coupling of C–H bonds in 2006, this area has expanded rapidly, and the unique ability of Pd(II) catalysts to cleave and functionalize alkyl C(sp3)–H bonds has been exploited to develop protocols for forming an array of C(sp3)–C(sp2) and C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds. Furthermore, enantioselective C(sp3)–H activation/C–C cross‐coupling has been achieved through the use of chiral amino acid‐derived ligands, offering a novel technique for producing enantioenriched molecules. Although this nascent field remains at an early stage of development, further investigations hold the potential to revolutionalize the way in which chiral molecules are synthesized in industrial and academic laboratories.
Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on endotoxin‐induced cardiac stress in rats: A possible mechanism of protection
Authors: Motawi Tarek K. , Darwish Hebatallah A. , Abd El tawab Azza M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEndotoxins (lipopolysaccharides; LPS) are known to cause multiple organ failure, including myocardial dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) protection against LPS‐induced cardiac stress. Rats were allocated into three groups; group 1 served as a normal control group, group 2 (LPS) received a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg), group 3 (LPS + CAPE) was injected intraperitoneally with CAPE (10 mg/kg/day; solubilized in saline containing 20% tween 20) throughout a period of 10 days prior to LPS injection. Rats were maintained 4 h before sacrifice. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester pretreatment normalized LPS‐enhanced activities of serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in cardiac tissue. A significant reduction of the elevated levels of serum tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) as well as serum and cardiac nitrite/nitrate (NOx) was achieved after CAPE pretreatment. CAPE also restored malondialdelyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) levels in the heart. A marked induction of cardiac heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) protein level was detected in CAPE‐pretreated group. Whereas, LPS‐induced reduction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PCr) levels was insignificantly changed. Conclusively, the early treatment with CAPE maintained antioxidant defences, reduced oxidative injury, cytokine damage, and inflammation but did not markedly improve energy status in cardiac tissue. The beneficial effect of CAPE might be mediated, at least in part, by the superinduction of HO‐1. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:84–94 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20362
Developmental and genetic origins of murine long bone length variation
Authors: Sanger Thomas J. , Norgard Elizabeth A. , Pletscher L. Susan , Bevilacqua Michael , Brooks Victoria R. , Sandell Linda J. , Cheverud James M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIf we wish to understand whether development influences the rate or direction of morphological evolution, we must first understand the developmental bases of morphological variation within species. However, quantitative variation in adult morphology is the product of molecular and cellular processes unfolding from embryonic development through juvenile growth to maturity. The Atchley–Hall model provides a useful framework for dissecting complex morphologies into their component parts as a way of determining which developmental processes contribute to variation in adult form. We have examined differences in postnatal allometry and the patterns of genetic correlation between age‐specific traits for ten recombinant inbred strains of mice generated from an intercross of LG/J and SM/J. Long bone length is closely tied to body size, but variation in adult morphology is more closely tied to differences in growth rate between 3 and 5 weeks of age. These analyses show that variation generated during early development is overridden by variation generated later in life. To more precisely determine the cellular processes generating this variation we then examined the cellular dynamics of long bone growth plates at the time of maximum elongation rate differences in the parent strains. Our analyses revealed that variation in long bone length is the result of faster elongation rates of the LG/J stain. The developmental bases for these differences in growth rate involve the rate of cell division and chondrocyte hypertrophy in the growth plate. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 316:146–161, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biology meets engineering: The structural mechanics of fossil and extant shark teeth
Authors: Whitenack Lisa B. , Simkins Daniel C. , Motta Philip J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe majority of studies on the evolution and function of feeding in sharks have focused primarily on the movement of cranial components and muscle function, with little integration of tooth properties or function. As teeth are subjected to sometimes extreme loads during feeding, they undergo stress, strain, and potential failure. As attributes related to structural strength such as material properties and overall shape may be subjected to natural selection, both prey processing ability and structural parameters must be considered to understand the evolution of shark teeth. In this study, finite element analysis was used to visualize stress distributions of fossil and extant shark teeth during puncture, unidirectional draw (cutting), and holding. Under the loading and boundary conditions here, which are consistent with bite forces of large sharks, shark teeth are structurally strong. Teeth loaded in puncture have localized stress concentrations at the cusp apex that diminish rapidly away from the apex. When loaded in draw and holding, the majority of the teeth show stress concentrations consistent with well designed cantilever beams. Notches result in stress concentration during draw and may serve as a weak point; however they are functionally important for cutting prey during lateral head shaking behavior. As shark teeth are replaced regularly, it is proposed that the frequency of tooth replacement in sharks is driven by tooth wear, not tooth failure. As the tooth tip and cutting edges are worn, the surface areas of these features increase, decreasing the amount of stress produced by the tooth. While this wear will not affect the general structural strength of the tooth, tooth replacement may also serve to keep ahead of damage caused by fatigue that may lead to eventual tooth failure. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lateralizing the collapsed nasal valves simplified: 10‐Year survey of a simple concealed suture technique
Authors: Rizvi Syed S. , Gauthier Marie G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis:A number of innovative surgical procedures have been devised to correct nasal obstruction resulting from the combined deformities of the internal and external nasal valves. Although successful, they can be complex and manipulative, requiring experience and expertise. We submit an alternative surgical procedure for the repair of isolated internal nasal valve collapse that is simple to execute in the office under local infiltration anesthesia and within the grasp of any otolaryngologist interested in its repair. The long‐term success and durability of the procedure have been tested and confirmed by a 10‐year survey of its effectiveness.Study Design:Retrospective review.Results:Fifty‐two (89.9%) of 58 respondents who underwent surgical repair for nasal valve collapse between 1999 and 2009 reported complete satisfaction with the improvement in their nasal airway that remained effective over time. Failures (10.1%) resulted from sutures coming loose from a variety of reasons that could be remedied quite easily.Conclusions:The simplified concealed suture lateralization of the collapsed internal nasal valve is highly successful and remains effective over many years with minimal complications and without any alteration in the nasal profile. Laryngoscope, 2011
Volume‐based trends in laryngeal cancer surgery
Authors: Gourin Christine G. , Forastiere Arlene A. , Sanguineti Giuseppe , Marur Shanthi , Koch Wayne M. , Bristow Robert E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectives:Positive volume‐outcome relationships exist for diseases treated with technically complex surgery. Contemporary patterns of laryngeal cancer surgery by hospital and surgeon volume are poorly defined.Methods:The Maryland Health Service Cost Review Commission database was queried for hospital and surgeon laryngeal cancer surgical case volumes from 1990 to 2009.Results:Overall, 1,981 laryngeal cancer surgeries were performed by 288 surgeons at 41 hospitals. Cases performed by high‐volume surgeons increased from 19% in 1990 to 1999 to 35% in 2000 to 2009 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.0, P<.001), whereas cases performed at high‐volume hospitals increased from 33% to 39% (OR = 2.0, P<.001). High‐volume surgeons were more likely to perform total laryngectomy (OR = 1.7, P = .001) and neck dissection (OR = 1.7, P = .002). High‐volume hospitals were significantly associated with total laryngectomy (OR = 2.0, P = .003), neck dissection (OR = 1.8, P = .038), flap reconstruction (OR = 5.1, P = .021), prior radiation (OR = 3.0, P = .031), and increased mortality risk scores (OR = 3.2, P = .006). After controlling for other variables, laryngeal cancer surgery in 2000 to 2009 was associated with increased access to high‐volume surgeons (OR = 1.9, P<.001) and high‐volume hospitals (OR = 1.3, P = .040), a decrease in partial and total laryngectomy procedures (OR = 0.2, P<.001), an increase in neck dissection (OR = 2.2, P< 0.001), an increase in prior radiation (OR = 3.0, P<.001), increased case complexity scores (OR = 5.7, P<.001), and an increase in wound fistula or dehiscence (OR = 2.0, P = .015) compared with 1990 to 1999.Conclusions:The proportion of laryngeal cancer surgery patients treated by high‐volume surgeons and hospitals increased significantly in 2000 to 2009 compared with 1990 to 1999, with a decrease in laryngectomy procedures and an increase in wound complications. These findings may be due to changing trends in primary management of laryngeal cancer. Laryngoscope, 2011
Fatty tissue atrophy of free flap used for head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Fujioka Masaki , Masuda Kana , Imamura Yoshinobu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground.Many investigators have reported that microsurgical transplanted muscle shows a reduction in volume; however, changes in the size of transplanted fatty tissue have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to describe the degree of fatty tissue atrophy of microsurgical flaps.Methods.Nineteen patients who underwent head and neck reconstruction using free flaps between 2003 and 2008 were available for this study. They were divided into an irradiated (8 patients) and nonirradiated (11 patients) group. The free flaps used for reconstruction were rectus abdominal musculocutaneous, anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous, and forearm flaps. This retrospective study utilized radiographs of magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, which were taken two to three and after six months postoperatively. The fatty tissue thickness of free flaps in each magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography slice was measured. The transplanted fatty tissue thickness of the flap after more than six months was compared with the change in the normal fat thickness of the same slice, to avoid any bias caused by a change in diet due to the general postoperative condition.Results.The thickness of transplanted fatty tissue tends to decrease over period of 6–10 months after surgery. In the nonirradiated group, the mean postoperative fatty tissue thickness change in the free flaps was decreased by 15.9% (range, 0.3–31.4%). In the irradiated group, this change in the free flaps was decreased by 20.9% (range, 2.3–39.4%).Conclusions.Fatty tissue in free flaps shows atrophy over a period of six to nine months after surgery, and irradiation is more likely to result in severer fatty tissue atrophy. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
From simple interrupted to complex spiral: A systematic review of various suture techniques for microvascular anastomoses
Authors: Alghoul Mohammed S. , Gordon Chad R. , Yetman Randal , Buncke Gregory M. , Siemionow Maria , Afifi Ahmed M. , Moon Wong K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAccomplishing successful microvascular anastomoses is undoubtedly one of the most critical steps in performing free tissue transfer. However, the ideal technique has often been a subject of debate. Therefore, our objective was to review the current literature in an attempt to find objective evidence supporting the superiority of one particular technique. A PubMed and OVID on‐line search was performed in November 2007 using the following keywords: microvascular anastomoses, microsurgical anastomosis, continuous suture, interrupted suture, mattress suture, and sleeve anastomosis. Our literature review found no difference in short‐ and/or long‐term patency rates between the six main published techniques, which includes continuous suture, interrupted suture, locking continuous, continuous horizontal, horizontal interrupted with eversion, and sleeve anastomoses. These findings were consistent for each technique as long as the microsurgeon maintained standard microsurgical principles and practice, including suture line eversion, minimized tension, and direct intima‐to‐intima contact. Current literature supports no overall statistical difference in short‐ and/or long‐term patency rates between any of the various techniques. The choice to perform one suture technique over another ultimately depends on the plastic surgeon's preference and microsurgical experience. To date, there are no human randomized, controlled clinical trials comparing the efficacy and clinical outcomes of each of the various suture techniques, and therefore one's comfort and familiarity should dictate his or her microsurgical technique. However, “exposure to many and mastery of one” simply provides the plastic surgery resident, fellow, or staff the technical flexibility needed for less‐complicated surgical planning when performing free tissue transfer. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Combined medialis pedis and medial plantar fasciocutaneous flaps based on the medial plantar pedicle for reconstruction of complex soft tissue defects in the hand
Authors: Chai Yi‐Min , Wang Chun‐Yang , Wen Gen , Zeng Bing‐Fang , Cai Pei‐Hua , Han Pei 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe reconstruction of complex soft tissue defects in hands remains a difficult challenge in reconstructive surgery. In this report, we introduce a combined medialis pedis and medial plantar fasciocutaneous flaps supplied by the lateral and medial branches of the medial plantar artery, which allows a one‐stage reconstruction of multiple soft tissue defects in hand. Three combined medialis pedis and medial plantar fasciocutaneous flaps were transferred for repair of the soft tissue defects including palmar and dorsal areas of hand, thumb pulp, and the dorsum of index finger in three patients. All three flaps survived uneventfully with coverage matching the texture and color of the recipients. The donor sites healed without complication. The experience from these cases proves that the combined medialis pedis and medial plantar fasciocutaneous flaps based on the medial plantar pedicle would be a valuable alternative for the reconstruction of complex soft tissue defects in the hand. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Reanimation of elbow extension with intercostal nerves transfers in total brachial plexus palsies
Authors: Goubier Jean‐Noël , Teboul Frédéric , Khalifa Heba 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground:Restoration of flexion in the elbow is the priority in the management of brachial plexus injuries. Current techniques of reconstructions, combining both nerve grafting and nerve transfer, allow more extensive repair, with additional targets: shoulder, elbow extension, hand. The transfer of intercostal nerves onto the nerve of the triceps long head is used to restore elbow extension. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the results of this procedure, in total brachial plexus palsies with uninjured C5 and C6 roots.Methods:Eleven patients with total brachial plexus injury were reviewed 24 months in average after intercostal nerves transfer. The average age of the patients was twenty‐nine years. The average time to surgery after occurrence of the injury was 5 months. Triceps re‐innervation and strength of elbow extension were evaluated.Results:The averaged time required for triceps re‐innervation after intercostal nerve transfer was 9 months. Seven patients achieved M4 elbow extension according to the Medical Research Council grading system. Two patients achieved M3 elbow extension. Two patients had poor results (M2 and M0).Discussion and conclusions:Transfer of intercostal nerves onto the nerve of the triceps long head is a reliable procedure for the restoration of elbow extension in total brachial plexus palsy. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.