bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation, Characterization and Non‐isothermal Kinetics of the Dehydration Process of [Sm(p‐MOBA)3bath]2·4H2O
Authors: Wang Juanfen , Liu Xin , Tian Liang , Zhang Dahai , Wu Kezhong , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe new complex of [Sm(p‐MOBA)3bath]2·4H2O (p‐MOBA, p‐methoxybenzoate; bath, 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR, UV and XRD patterns. The thermal decomposition of the complex was studied under the non‐isothermal condition by TG‐DTG and IR techniques. The most probable mechanism function of the dehydration process was obtained from the analysis of DSC curves of the complex employing the double extrapolated method on the basis of integral isoconversional non‐linear (NL‐INT) and Tang‐Wanjun integral equations. The integral function of the mechanism was [1− (1−α)1/2]1/2 and the corresponding kinetic parameters (activation energy E and the pre‐exponential factor A) were obtained.
Simultaneous Al2O3 Doping and Sulfation in Hierarchically Porous ZrO2 Solid Acids by an One‐pot Synthesis for Enhanced Recycling Catalytic Performances
Authors: Wang Nan , Chen Yu , Ye Zhengqing , Chen Hangrong , Shi Jianlin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAlumina doping and sulfation in hierarchically porous zirconia solid acids have been achieved simultaneously via one‐pot and bi‐surfactant‐assisted self‐assembly process, using aluminum sulfate as both Al and SO42− sources. The prepared composite solid acids showed much enhanced acidity and recycling catalytic activity for an esterification reaction compared with sulfated zirconia without alumina doping and Al‐doped sulfated zirconia without hierarchically porous structure.
Cationic Micelle‐catalyzed Ring‐Opening Reactions of Aziridines with Thiols in Water
Authors: Yang Min , Yang Qin , Chen Puqing , Peng Yiyuan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn efficient and practical method is described for the ring‐opening reactions of N‐tosylaziridines with various thiols in water under mild conditions. Various surfactants have been evaluated to optimize the reactions. Under optimal conditions, these reactions gave rise to the corresponding β‐amino sulfides in good to excellent yields.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Substituted N‐(3‐Arylpropyl)‐9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxoacridine‐4‐carboxamides as Potent MDR Reversal Agents in Cancer
Authors: Velingkar V. S. , Dandekar V. D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA novel class of molecules with structure N‐(3‐arylpropyl)‐9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxoacridine‐4‐carboxamides (20–29) were designed by generating a pharmacophore for potent MDR reversal activity using phase drug design software. The designed molecules were synthesized by a novel synthesis route and evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the transport activity of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) by standard Hoechst 33342 assay method. Based on the pIC50 values of ten title compounds screened, three compounds exhibited better activity as compared to Verapamil used as standard.
Synthesis and in vitro Fungicidal Activity of a Series of Novel N‐(Heterocycly)phthalimides
Authors: Ban Shurong , Chen Wenbin , Xi Zhen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA series of novel phthalimides was prepared and tested for antifungal activity in vitro against seven phytopathogenic fungi:Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum Owen., Botrytis cinerea, Fulvia fulva, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum de Bary, Phytophthora capsici, Botryosphaeria berengeriama. The results showed that those compounds holding the structure of 6‐methylpyridin‐2‐yl exhibited good activity against Phytophthora capsici and Botrytis cinerea.
Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of 2‐Acetyl‐6‐(un)substituted‐1H‐benzimidazole Oxime‐ethers
Authors: Jiang Lin , Wang Haibo , Mu Wei , Ji Zengchen , Cao Peng 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTwelve novel compounds of 2‐acetyl‐1H‐benzimidazole oxime‐ethers and 2‐acetyl‐6‐chloro‐1H‐benzimidazole oxime‐ethers were synthesized with o‐phenylenediamine (or 4‐chloro‐o‐phenylenediamine), 2‐hydroxypropyl acid, alkoxy (or benzyloxy) amines hydrochloride as starting materials. The structures of the target compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR spectra and elemental analyses. The in vitro fungicidal activities against Botrytis cinerea Pers and Alternaria alternata were also evaluated by mycelium growth rate method. The results indicate that the compounds 3b, 3c, 3f, 3g and 3h exhibit good activities against Botrytis cinerea Pers, while 3b and 3f possess excellent activities against Alternaria alternate, and their fungicidal activities are all higher than that of carbendazim.
Sensitive Spectrofluorimetric Method of Analysis for Gabapentin in Pure and Pharmaceutical Preparations
Authors: Ulu Sevgi Tatar , Kel Elif 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHighly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was developed and validated for the determination of gabapentin in pure and pharmaceutical preparations. The method was based on nucleophilic substitution reaction of gabapentin with 4‐fluoro‐7‐nitrobenzofurazan (NBD‐F) in an alkaline medium (pH 9.5) to form a highly fluorescent derivative that was measured at 521 nm after excitation at 458 nm. The factors affecting the reaction was carefully studied and optimized. The method was successfully validated for linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, robustness and specificity. Under the optimized conditions, linear relationship with good correlation coefficient (0.9998) was found between the relative fluorescence intensity and gabapentin concentration in the range of 10–100 ng·mL−1. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.43 and 1.30 ng·mL−1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of gabapentin in its pharmaceutical capsules. The results obtained by the proposed method were comparable with those obtained by the official method. Statistical comparison by t‐ and F‐ tests revealed that there was no significant difference between the results of the two methods with respect to mean values and standard deviations at the 95% confidence level.
Electrochemiluminescent Detection Method for Glyphosate in Soybean on Carbon Fiber‐ionic Liquid Paste Electrode
Authors: Cai Qihong , Chen Xiaoping , Qiu Bin , Lin Zhenyu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA carbon fiber paste electrode using ionic liquid as the binder (CFILE) was fabricated. The electrochemical characteristics of the electrode was examined in ferro‐/ferricyanide solution and showed better conductivity and reversibility when compared with graphite paste‐ionic liquid electrode (GPILE) and a little better than that on the carbon nanotube paste‐ionic liquid electrode (CNTILE). Glyphosate (GLY), a pesticide, exhibited excellent catalysis to the oxidation of Ru(bpy)2+3 on CFILE and brought an obvious enhancement to the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) intensity of Ru(bpy)2+3. Based on the catalytic ability of GLY, a simple ECL method for GLY detection had been established. Under optimum conditions, the enhanced ECL intensities were found to had linearly respond to the GLY concentration between 3.0×10−7 and 3.0×10−5 mol/L, and the detection limit (S/N=3) was 2.0×10−7 mol/L. The electrode also showed excellent sensitivity in detecting GLY‐spiked soybean samples. The linear range for GLY in soybean samples was 1.0×10−6–4.0×10−5 mol/L and the detection limit was 5.0×10−7 mol/L, equal to 8.45 µg GLY in per gram of soybean. The detection limit in soybean sample was lower than the USA, EU regulation and so on. If the method is coupled with the separation technology, it can be applied to detect the GLY in the contaminated samples.
Unexpected Adsorption Capacity of Ca‐deficient Hydroxyapatite in Oil/water System
Authors: Jin Hui , Kuang Chunxiang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSymmetrical diynes were synthesized by ligand‐free copper‐catalyzed homocoupling reaction of 1,1‐dibromo‐1‐alkenes using a DBU/DMSO system at room temperature in good to excellent yields dot.−1.
Undocumented alcoholism and its correlation with tobacco and illegal drug use in advanced cancer patients
Authors: Dev Rony , Parsons Henrique A. , Palla Shana , Palmer J. Lynn , Del Fabbro Egidio , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objectives of this retrospective study were to determine the frequency of undiagnosed alcoholism among patients with advanced cancer who were referred to palliative care and to explore its correlation with alcoholism, tobacco abuse, and use of illegal drugs.METHODS:The authors reviewed 665 consecutive charts and identified 598 patients (90%) who completed a screening survey that was designed to identify alcoholism, the Cut Down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye Opener (CAGE) questionnaire, including 100 consecutive patients who had CAGE‐positive and CAGE‐negative results. Data on tobacco and illegal drug use, the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale, and the morphine equivalent daily dose were collected.RESULTS:The frequency of CAGE‐positive results in this palliative care population was 100 of 598 patients (17%). Only 13 of 100 patients (13%) in that CAGE‐positive group had been identified as alcoholics before their palliative care consultation. Compared with CAGE‐negative patients, CAGE‐positive patients were younger (aged 58.6 years vs 61.3 years; P = .07), predominantly men (68 of 100 patients vs 51 of 100 patients; P = .021), more likely to have a history of tobacco use (86 of 100 patients vs 48 of 100 patients; P < .001), more likely to be actively using nicotine (33 of 100 patients vs 9 of 100 patients; P = .02), and more likely to have a history of illegal recreational drug use (17 of 100 patients vs 1 of 100 patients; P < .001). Pain and dyspnea were worse in patients who had a history of nicotine use. Both CAGE‐positive patients and patients who had a history of tobacco use more frequently were receiving strong opioids at the time of their palliative care consultation.CONCLUSIONS:The current findings suggested that alcoholism is highly prevalent and frequently under diagnosed in patients with advanced cancer. CAGE‐positive patients were more likely to have a history of, or to actively engage in, smoking and illegal recreational drug use, placing them at risk for inappropriate opioid escalation and abuse. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Sphincter‐sparing local excision and hypofractionated radiation therapy for anorectal melanoma
Authors: Kelly Patrick , Zagars Gunar K. , Cormier Jancie N. , Ross Merrick I. , Guadagnolo B. Ashleigh 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Anorectal melanoma is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. Because survival is determined by distant failure, many centers have adopted sphincter‐sparing excision for primary tumor control. However, this approach is associated with high rates of local failure (∼50%). In this study, the authors report their 20‐year experience with sphincter‐sparing excision combined with radiation therapy (RT) for the treatment of localized anorectal melanoma.METHODS:The authors reviewed the records of 54 patients with localized anorectal melanoma who were treated at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from 1989 to 2008. All patients underwent definitive local excision with or without sentinel lymph node biopsy or lymph node dissection. RT (25‐36 grays in 5‐6 fractions) was delivered to extended fields that targeted the primary site and draining pelvic/inguinal lymphatics in 39 patients and to limited fields that targeted only the primary site in 15 patients.RESULTS:The 5‐year rates of local control (LC), lymph node control (NC), and sphincter preservation were 82%, 88%, and 96%, respectively. However, because of the high rate of distant metastasis, the overall survival (OS) rate at 5 years was only 30%. Although there were no significant differences in LC, NC, or OS based on RT field extent, patients who received extended‐field RT had higher rates of lymphedema than patients who received limited‐field RT.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that combined sphincter‐sparing local excision and RT is a well tolerated approach that provides effective LC for patients with anorectal melanoma. Inclusion of the inguinal lymph node basins in the RT fields did not improve outcomes and was associated with an increased risk of lymphedema. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Treatment‐related mortality in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Central America
Authors: Gupta Sumit , Antillon Federico A. , Bonilla Miguel , Fu Ligia , Howard Scott C. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Sung Lillian 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objectives of this study were to describe the incidence, timing, and predictors of treatment‐related mortality (TRM) among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras.METHODS:Patients aged <20 years who were diagnosed with ALL between January 2000 and March 2008, who received treatment in any of the 3 countries, and who started induction chemotherapy were included in the study. Almost all patients were treated on the El Salvador‐Guatemala‐Honduras II protocol, which was based on the St. Jude Total XIII and XV protocols. Biologic, socioeconomic, and nutritional variables were examined as predictors of TRM.RESULTS:Of 1670 patients, TRM occurred as a first event in 156 children (9.3%); TRM occurred during remission induction therapy in 92 of 156 children (59%), between remission induction and maintenance therapy in 27 of 156 children (17%), and during maintenance therapy in 37 of 156 children (24%). Although the TRM rate decreased in patients who were diagnosed after July 1, 2004 (11.2% vs 7.9%; P = .02), the rate of induction death did not change (5.2% vs 5.8%; P = .58). Independent predictors of induction death included higher risk ALL (odds ratio [OR], 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03‐3.27; P = .04), lower initial platelet counts (OR per 10 × 109/L, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89‐0.98; P = .005), and longer travel time to the clinic (OR, 1.06 per hour; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.14; P = .03).CONCLUSIONS:In Central America, TRM remains an important cause of treatment failure in children with ALL. A large proportion of TRM occurs in maintenance, although this proportion has decreased over time. Supportive care interventions should especially target children who present with low platelet counts. Further study on transfusion ability and the location of induction deaths is required. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Ecological Viability or Liability? Insurance System Responses to Climate Risk
Authors: Phelan Liam , Taplin Ros , Henderson‐Sellers Ann , Albrecht Glenn 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTClimate change is a phenomenon of the Earth system, which is characterized by thresholds and non‐linear change. This analysis considers the adequacy of insurance (in its broadest sense) responses to climate risk. This paper provides novel critiques of insurance system responses to climate change and of the attendant political economy perspective on the relationship between insurance and climate change. A complex adaptive systems (CAS) analysis suggests that ecologically effective (i.e. strong) mitigation is the only viable approach to manage medium‐ and long‐term climate risk – for the insurance system itself and for human societies more widely. In contrast, we find that even the most substantial insurance system responses to date are generally adaptive and weakly mitigative. This analysis extends an earlier political economy perspective that explains the limitations of insurance system responses to climate change, but provides little guidance to the ecological implications of such responses. As such, this paper raises questions about the ongoing viability of the insurance system, and hence about the many aspects of human societies globally reliant on the insurance system as their primary risk governance tool. We conclude that the CAS approach provides new insights, which could prompt insurance system evolution in support of effective climate risk governance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A Spirocyclic Borate and a Dihydroborate Derived from the 1,2‐Diselenolato‐1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane(12) Dianion [1,2‐(1,2‐C2B10H10)Se2]2–: Structures, NMR Spectroscopy, and DFT Calculations
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Klimkina Elena V. , Milius Wolfgang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe reaction of the diselenolato‐1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane(12) dianion with BF3–OEt2affords selectively a spirocyclic bis(1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane‐1,2‐diselena)borate, whereas the analogous reaction with boron trichloride leads mainly to 1,2‐bis(ethylseleno)‐1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane(12) through ether cleavage. The spirocyclic borate reacts with methanol by cleavage of both Se–B and Se–C bonds. With borane in THF (BH3/THF) and also with LiBH4exchange reactions take place, which afford the 1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane‐1,2‐diselenadihydroborate. The molecular structures of both borates as tetrabutylammonium salts were determined by X‐ray analysis. In solution, the borates were characterized by multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H,11B,13C,77Se). The gas‐phase geometries of the borate anions were optimized [RB3LYP/6‐3111+G(d,p) level of theory], and the NMR spectroscopic parameters (chemical shifts and coupling constants) were calculated.
Hydrogen bonding networks in [(η6‐arene)Cr(CO)3] complexes
Authors: Murugesapandian Balasubramanian , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe four different [(η6‐arene)chromium tricarbonyl] complexes [(η6‐C6H5CH2COOH) Cr(CO)3], [{η6‐(1,2‐C6H4(NH2)COOEt)}Cr(CO)3], [η6 ‐{2,6‐C6H4(i‐Pr)2NH2}Cr(CO)3], and [{η6 ‐(1,4‐C6H4(NH2)CH3)}Cr(CO)3] were synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. All compounds form hydrogen bonds in the solid state, leading to dimeric or polymeric networks. The hydrogen bonds are an essential part of the network. The connectivity is influenced by the groups on which the protons are bound (COOH vs. NH2) and by the steric demand of the ligand. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:294–300, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20679
Time is up: increasing shadow price of time in primary‐care office visits
Authors: Tai‐Seale Ming , McGuire Thomas 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYA physician's own time is a scarce resource in primary care, and the physician must constantly evaluate the gain from spending more time with the current patient against moving to address the health‐care needs of the next. We formulate and test two alternative hypotheses. The first hypothesis is based on the premise that with time so scarce, physicians equalize the marginal value of time across patients. The second, alternative hypothesis states that physicians allocate the same time to each patient, regardless of how much the patient benefits from the time at the margin. For our empirical work, we examine the presence of a sharply increasing subjective shadow price of time around the ‘target’ time using video recordings of 385 visits by elderly patients to their primary care physician. We structure the data at the ‘topic’ level and find evidence consistent with the alternative hypothesis. Specifically, time elapsed within a visit is a very strong determinant of the current topic being the ‘last topic’. This finding implies the physician's shadow price of time is rising during the course of a visit. We consider whether dislodging a target‐time mentality from physicians (and patients) might contribute to more productive primary care practice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free convection of composite porous medium in a vertical channel
Authors: Umavathi J. C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA fully developed free convection flow of immiscible fluids in a vertical channel filled with a porous medium is analyzed in the presence of source/sink. The flow is modeled using the Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer equation model. The viscous and Darcy dissipation terms are included in the energy equation. The channel walls are maintained at two different constant temperatures. The transport properties of both fluids are assumed to be constant. Continuous conditions for velocity, temperature, shear stress, and heat flux of both fluids at the interface are employed. The resulting coupled nonlinear equations are solved analytically using regular perturbation method and numerically using finite difference method. The velocity and temperature profiles are obtained in terms of porous parameter, Grashof number, viscosity ratio, width ratio, conductivity ratio, and heat generation or heat absorption coefficient. It is found that the presence of porous matrix and heat absorption reduces the flow field. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20340
Heat transfer characteristics of a reservoir embedded loop heat pipe (Heat transfer characteristics of a deployable radiator for use on the ETS‐VIII satellite while in orbit)
Authors: Ishikawa Hiroaki , Nomura Takehide , Saito Yasuyuki , Kawasaki Haruo , Okamoto Atsushi , Hatakenaka Ryuta 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAs heat generation in satellites increases, ensuring that they are provided with sufficient radiator panel area is an important problem. Deployable radiators, with radiator panels that are deployed post‐launch in space to increase the satellite's effective radiator panel area of the satellite, are becoming an important thermal control technology. A reservoir embedded loop heat pipe (RELHP) is used in deployable radiators as a heat transport device. A deployable radiator of this type was mounted on the ETS‐VIII satellite, which was launched on December 18, 2006 and injected into a geostationary orbit. The satellite is still operating without any significant issues over two years later. This paper investigates the heat transport characteristics of an RELHP system used in a deployable radiator in a geostationary orbital environment. This system can be successfully started up in a micro gravity environment. We also found that the sub‐cooling region is shorter in a micro gravity environment than in a terrestrial gravity environment, because there is less heat leakage into the reservoir in a micro gravity environment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20346
The effect of a metal plate barrier with holes blocking channel in the forced convection of rectangular modules
Authors: Fujii Masao , Sawai Toru 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe experimental work reported here has provided an analysis of the effect of a perforated barrier, fully spanning the flow passage upstream of a pair of modules in a duct, on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of heated, rectangular modules that are commonly encountered in electronic equipment.The barrier has been shown to be an effective means towards providing heat transfer enhancement. Heat transfer was increased with increasing barrier hole diameter d, and decreasing barrier porosity σ and module‐barrier distance L. The enhancing effect of the barrier was found to change dramatically at L/d = 3.5 and 18. Experimental data on heat transfer coefficients were correlated as a function of L/d, σ, and Reynolds number.The pressure loss coefficient of the barrier is influenced by porosity σ, and is insensitive to the other factors experimentally investigated. The average pressure loss coefficient was correlated as a function of σ. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20348