bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of forest thinning on overland flow generation on hillslopes covered by Japanese cypress
Authors: Xuan Dung Bui , Miyata Shusuke , Gomi Takashi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe examined the effect of forest thinning on overland flow generation on hillslopes covered by a Japanese cypress plantation in central Japan. We established hillslope plots in two small catchments for monitoring overland flow generation. Plot 1 was a treatment plot in which 58·3% of stems were removed, whereas plot 2 remained untreated as a control. Overland flow generation was examined using (1) time‐trend analysis that compared overland flow to precipitation 2 years pre‐ and 2 years post‐thinning in plot 1 and (2) a paired‐plot approach that compared the treated hillslope plot to the control hillslope plot. The latter approach was more reliable for identifying treatment effects than time‐trend analysis because it minimizes effects of climate variables such as precipitation. Unlike our initial hypothesis for decreasing overland flow after thinning, paired‐plot analysis indicated that after thinning, mean overland flow increased 7·4% (corresponding to 2·1 mm) in response to individual storms and 4·8% (corresponding to 7·9 mm) based on monthly data. Although the increased overland flow is likely associated with reduced canopy interception, the reduction of canopy interception after the thinning was estimated to be greater than the increases in overland flow. Therefore, some of the increased throughfall was infiltrated into the soil matrix. Such changes in hillslope‐scale runoff in response to thinning alter the distribution of water in the surface and subsurface layers of forested headwater basins. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of cattle grazing during the dormant season on soil surface hydrology and physical quality in a moist‐temperate region
Authors: Stavi Ilan , Lal Rattan , Owens Lloyd B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLivestock grazing in paddocks of temperate regions during the dormant season affects soil surface hydrology and physical quality, thus, impacting its capacity to function. However, very few studies have dealt with these effects in temperate‐moist regions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of grazing on these variables, with reference to soil hydrological and physical characteristics. Soil properties were measured in a paddock under rotational grazing during the growing season only (GR) and compared with those under grazing during the dormant season and rotational grazing during the growing season (DO). Soil series in both paddocks is Coshocton (fine loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquultic Hapludalfs). Soil properties were studied for 0–5, 5–10 and 10–15 cm depths. In comparison with GR, DO had a smaller soil water sorptivity (36·2 vs 19·4 mm min−0·5), transmissivity (2·2 vs 0·6 mm min−1), equilibrium infiltration rate (4·8 vs 1·4 mm min−1) and cumulative infiltration in 3 h (865·6 vs 260·0 mm). In addition, GR had larger volumetric field moisture capacity (41·4 vs 39·3%), water stable aggregates (880 vs 830 g kg−1), coarse root (>1 mm) biomass (12·8 vs 7·2 mg cm−3), smaller penetration resistance (0·93 vs 1·42 MPa) and bulk density (1·24 vs 1·44 g cm−3). A small difference between GR and DO was observed in vane shear strength (130·3 vs 124·8 kPa), and no difference was found in aggregate's mean weight diameter. Soil properties differed among depths, and the effect of grazing decreased with increased depth. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing uplink performance in UTRAN LTE networks by load adaptive power control
Authors: Müllner Robert , Ball Carsten F. , Boussif Malek , Lienhart Johann , Hric Peter , Winkler Hubert , Kremnitzer Kurt , Kronlachner Rudolf 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUplink power control in 3GPP UTRAN long term evolution (LTE) networks consists of a closed‐loop scheme around an open‐loop point of operation. The uplink performance of the network is decisively influenced by power control. This paper provides insight into the uplink power control procedure and its interworking with adaptive transmission bandwidth (ATB) as well as adaptive modulation and coding (AMC). A detailed performance evaluation is presented based on system level simulations. In the first step, the performance of pure open‐loop power control (OLPC) was analysed and the impact of parameter settings on resource allocation, utilisation of specific modulation and coding schemes (MCS), re‐transmission rate, and resulting throughput was determined. A two‐dimensional parameter optimisation for full path‐loss (PL) compensation and fractional power control (FPC) was performed to conclude the best strategy for the trade‐off between network capacity and coverage. In the second step, the impact of traffic load on the interaction between the different LTE radio resource management algorithms was analysed. A novel strategy is presented which introduces traffic load dependent decisions for the closed‐loop power control (CLPC) component to optimise the uplink throughput. This solution provides an automatic configuration for LTE networks without further intervention by the operator. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethylene Glycol Electrooxidation on Smooth and Nanostructured Pd Electrodes in Alkaline Media
Authors: Bambagioni V. , Bevilacqua M. , Bianchini C. , Filippi J. , Marchionni A. , Vizza F. , Wang L. Q. , Shen P. K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe electrooxidation of ethylene glycol (EG) has been studied either in situ on a smooth Pd electrode by FTIR spectroscopy or on nanostructured Pd‐based catalysts by cyclic voltammetry. The electrooxidation on the Pd electrode is dramatically influenced by the pH. Below pH 12, CO2 is formed and detected in the thin layer by FTIR, while at higher pH values glycolate, carbonate and oxalate are formed almost simultaneously at a potential of ca. 0.4 V versus RHE. Above 0.9 V glycolate is oxidised to oxalate and carbonate. The nanostructured electrocatalysts Pd–(Ni–Zn)/C, Pd–(Ni–Zn–P)/C and Pd/C are much more active than the smooth Pd electrode (up to 3,300 A g(Pd)–1) and give different distributions of the oxidation products. Pd/C is the most selective catalyst yielding glycolate, while mixtures of glycolate (major>60%), oxalate and carbonate are obtained with Pd–(Ni–Zn)/C or Pd–(Ni–Zn–P)/C. Carbonate is produced by oxidation of both glycolate (major contribution) and oxalate, while the major part of oxalate seems to be produced by the direct oxidation of EG.
Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter involvement in essential tremor
Authors: Klein Johannes C. , Lorenz Benedikt , Kang Jun‐Suk , Baudrexel Simon , Seifried Carola , van de Loo Simone , Steinmetz Helmuth , Deichmann Ralph , Hilker Rüdiger 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study set out to determine whether there is white matter involvement in essential tremor (ET), the most common movement disorder. We collected diffusion MRI and analysed differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) between ET patients and control subjects as markers of white matter integrity. We used both classical ROI‐based statistics and whole‐brain analysis techniques, including voxel‐wise analysis with SPM5 and tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS). Using region of interest (ROI) analysis, we found increased MD bilaterally in the inferior cerebellar peduncles (ICP) and reduced FA in the right‐sided ICP of ET patients. Whole‐brain analyses with TBSS detected increased MD distributed in both motor and nonmotor white matter fibers of ET patients predominantly in the left parietal white matter, while there were no significant FA differences in these areas between ET patients and controls. Voxel‐wise analysis with SPM detected significant increase of MD congruent with the highest probability of difference as detected by TBSS. VBM analysis of T1 images did not detect significant differences in either gray or white matter density between our study groups. In summary, we found evidence for changes in white matter MRI properties in ET. The circumscript pathology of the ICP corroborates the pathogenetic concept of the cerebellum and its projections as key structures for tremor generation in ET. Moreover, increased diffusivity in white matter structures of both hemispheres suggests widespread alterations of fiber integrity in motor and nonmotor networks in ET patients. The underlying cause of the DTI changes observed remains to be elucidated. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mild and efficient synthesis of aryliodonium ylides of 2,6‐dimethylpyrimidin‐4‐ol
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Nair Reshmi R. , Prakash Om 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMild and efficient synthesis of new synthetically useful aryliodonium ylides of 2,6‐dimethyl‐ pyrimidin‐4‐ol (3a–d) using (dichloroiodo)arenes in aqueous medium is reported. Antibacterial activity of these ylides 3a–d against Escherichia coli and Bacillus Licheniformis is also described. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:339–342, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20608
Synthesis of [1,2‐a] benzimidazolo‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐thione, [1,2‐a] benzimidazolo‐1,3,5‐thiadiazin‐2‐thione, [1,2‐a] benzimidazolo‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐amine, and [1,2‐a] benzimidazol‐2‐yl amidrazone
Authors: Hajri A. , Abderrahim R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractN‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl imidate type 1 reacts with thiourea, carbon disulfide, cyanamide, and hydrazide to give, respectively, [1,2‐a] benzimidazolo‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐thione 2, [1,2‐a] benzimidazolo‐1,3,5‐thiadiazin‐2‐thione 3, [1,2‐a] benzimidazolo‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐amine 4, and [1,2‐a] benzimidazol‐2‐yl amidrazone 5 with good yields. Structures elucidation of all newly synthesized heterocyclic compounds was based on the data of IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis, and MS of some products. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:279–283, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20618
Lesions of reuniens and rhomboid thalamic nuclei impair radial maze win‐shift performance
Authors: Hembrook Jacqueline R. , Mair Robert G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe reuniens (Re) and rhomboid (Rh) nuclei are major sources of thalamic input to hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. We compared effects of lesions in ReRh and other parts of the midline‐intralaminar complex on tasks affected by lesions in terminal fields innervated by these nuclei, including: visuospatial reaction time (VSRT), a measure of sensory guided responding; serial VSRT, a measure of action sequence learning; and win/shift radial arm maze (RAM) measures of spatial memory. ReRh lesions affected RAM, but not VSRT or serial VSRT performance. The effects of caudal intralaminar lesions were doubly dissociated from ReRh lesions, affecting VSRT, but not RAM or serial VSRT performance. Rostral intralaminar lesions did not produce significant impairments, other than a subgroup with larger lesions that were impaired performing a delayed RAM task. Combined lesions damaging all three sites produced RAM deficits comparable to ReRh lesions and VSRT deficits comparable to caudal intralaminar lesions. Thus there was no indication that deficits produced by lesions in one site were exacerbated significantly by the cumulative effect of damage in other parts of the midline‐intralaminar complex. The effects of ReRh lesions provide evidence that these nuclei affect memory functions of hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. The double dissociation observed between the effects of ReRh and caudal intralaminar nuclei provides evidence that different nuclei within the midline‐intralaminar complex affect distinct aspects of cognition consistent with the effects of lesions in the terminal fields they innervate. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histomorphology of thrombus organization, neointima formation, and foreign body response in retrieved human aneurysms treated with hydrocoil devices
Authors: Killer Monika , Arthur Adam S. , Barr John D. , Richling Bernd , Cruise Gregory M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBiological processes, such as thrombus organization, endothelialization, and foreign body response, that occur following embolization of intracranial aneurysms are poorly understood. We examined 13 human aneurysms (retrieved at autopsy 1–74 days postembolization) treated with hybrid hydrogel‐platinum coil devices and platinum coils. The specimens were embedded in methyl methacrylate and ground sections were surface stained. Using light microscopy, thrombus organization in the sac, endothelialization of the neck, and foreign body response to the embolic devices were determined. The area percentages of the sac occupied by embolic devices and unorganized thrombus were quantified using image analysis. Thrombus organization increased over time, but was incomplete up to 74 days post‐treatment. Neointima formation had started at 5 days upon dense fibrin depositions and progressed to form a new vessel wall at 74 days. The foreign body response to the hydrogel was characterized by mononuclear macrophages, while platinum coils were surrounded by multinuclear foreign body giant cells. Histometric aneurysm occlusion ranged from 89 to 100% and embolic devices occupied 31–64% of the aneurysm sac. These findings showed that the hydrogel‐based devices occupied a large percentage of the aneurysm sac, provided a framework for thrombus organization to occur, and elicited less severe foreign body response than platinum coils. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Tungsten‐rhenium suture needles with improved properties for coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Cichocki Frank R. , Maurer Robert E. , Bar S. Neil 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSuture needles are essential instruments for performing blood vessel anastomosis in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgeries. Exceptional needle performance is needed now as never before because of the increasing prevalence of elderly patients with advanced stages of coronary disease and calcified tissue. The various properties that affect the performance of suture needles used in CABG surgery are reviewed and recent progress towards improving needle performance through the use of tungsten‐rhenium alloys and novel lubricous needle coatings is presented. Substantial enhancement of properties beyond those exhibited by commercially available stainless steel suture needles has been made, including an approximate 40% increase in strength, 100% increase in stiffness, and superior multiple pass penetration performance in both synthetic rubber media and human cadaver carotid arteries (p < 0.01). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Electrospun micro/nanofibrous conduits composed of poly(ε‐caprolactone) and small intestine submucosa powder for nerve tissue regeneration
Authors: Hong Soongee , Kim Geunhyung 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThree‐dimensional biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds play important roles in tissue engineering. In this study, fibrous mats composed of electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)/small intestine submucosa (SIS) tubes were fabricated with a high degree of longitudinal alignment as a conduit for peripheral nerves. Fourier transform infrared analyses of electrospun PCL/SIS mats with various amounts of SIS showed that the SIS was well embedded within the PCL matrix. The diameter of the PCL/SIS fibers with the 3 wt % of SIS in the PCL solution decreased 40% relative to that of pure PCL fibers due to increased electrical conductivity and decreased surface tension. PCL/SIS (3 wt %) electrospun mats exhibited various synergistic effects, including stronger mechanical properties (Young's modulus = more than 80%) and enhanced hydrophilicity (water contact angle at 30 min = 54°) relative to pure PCL (water contact angle at 30 min = 142°). Cell attachment and proliferation experiments demonstrated that the interactions between nerve cells (PC‐12) and the PCL/SIS conduits were more favorable than those between PC‐12 cells and a pure PCL conduit. This study contributes to the understanding of the effects of including SIS in electrospun composite mats. The ability to fabricate highly aligned tubes of PCL/SIS with appropriate mechanical properties and cellular interactions shows great potential for the design of nerve regeneration conduits. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Contrast‐enhanced sonography‐guided radiofrequency ablation for the local recurrence of previously treated hepatocellular carcinoma undetected by b‐mode sonography
Authors: Miyamoto Noriyuki , Hiramatsu Kazuhide , Tsuchiya Kazuhiko , Sato Yukihiko 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground.The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of contrast‐enhanced sonography (CEUS) with Sonazoid to demonstrate local recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma previously treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and not seen on conventional sonography, prior to repeat RFA.Methods.This study included 16 cirrhotic patients with 17 cases of hypervascular locally recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma found by contrast‐enhanced multidetector row CT (MDCT) but not seen on noncontrast sonography. We used Kupffer‐phase imaging and vascular‐phase imaging after re‐injection. The morphologic patterns of local recurrence detected on CEUS were compared with those on MDCT. We performed repeat RFA guided by CEUS using Kupffer‐phase imaging after re‐injection.Results.We were able to detect on CEUS the location of all local recurrences with positive enhancement after re‐injection. The morphologic patterns of local recurrence on CEUS were in concordance with those found on MDCT in all lesions. Repeat percutaneous RFA was successfully performed in all lesions.Conclusions.The CEUS appearance of local recurrences correlated well with those on MDCT. A wider use of CEUS to guide repeat of percutaneous RFA may be possible with Sonazoid. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 38:339‐345, 2010
Synthesis and electron microscopic analysis of the self‐assembly of polymer and ferritin core‐shell structures
Authors: Wu Laying , Li Tao , Blom Douglas , Zhao Jibin , Ghoshroy Soumitra , Wang Qian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSelf‐assembly of poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) and ferritin produced a spherical core‐shell structure, which was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In particular, for better understanding, the organization of such core‐shell nanostructures, an optimal protocol for preparation of TEM thin sectioning of ferritin‐P4VP composites, was developed. It entails fixing the ferritin‐P4VP complex with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and infiltrating it with a mixture of acetone/resin while omitting the OsO4 postfixation and ethanol dehydration steps of the conventional protocol. Using this method, a round‐shaped thin section structure with unevenly distributed dark and white components was observed. The dark component from the thin section structure was determined to contain ferritin by energy‐filtered TEM imaging and iron element mapping, whereas the white part was identified as P4VP by its energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cryo‐scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy for the study of fungi interactions
Authors: Sempere F. , Santamarina M.P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe application of the cryo‐scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy for the study of the interactions at different environmental conditions between Penicillium oxalicum and Fusarium
verticillioides is described. A dual microculture was developed for the light microscopy analysis of the interaction. The microscope and macroscopic examinations were compared. Analysis of Petri plates revealed that F. verticillioides was a competitor for space and nutrients while P. oxalicum was a mycoparasite under the microscopic observations. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of calcium supplements on fracture healing in a rat osteoporotic model
Authors: Shuid Ahmad Nazrun , Mohamad Sharlina , Mohamed Norazlina , Fadzilah Fazalina Mohd , Mokhtar Sabarul Afian , Abdullah Shahrum , Othman Faizah , Suhaimi Farihah , Muhammad Norliza , Soelaiman Ima Nirwana 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFracture healing is a complex process, which is further complicated if the bone is osteoporotic. Calcium is one of the important minerals in bone and has been found to prevent osteoporosis but its role in fracture healing of osteoporotic bone is still unclear. We carried out a study on the effects of calcium supplementation on the late phase healing of fractured osteoporotic bone using an ovariectomized rat model. Twenty‐four female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham‐operated (SO), ovariectomized‐control (OVXC), and ovariectomized + calcium supplements (Ca). The right femurs of all the rats were fractured at mid‐epiphysis and a K‐wire was inserted for internal fixation. After 2 months of treatment, the rats were sacrificed and the femora were dissected out for radiological and biomechanical assessment. As expected, osteoporosis resulted in impaired healing as shown by the poor radiological and biomechanical properties of the OVXC group. CT scans showed significantly lower callus volumes in the SO and Ca groups compared to the OVXC group. Radiological scoring of fracture healing and callus staging of the SO and Ca groups were better than the OVXC group. However, the biomechanical parameters of the Ca group were significantly lower than the SO group and similar to the OVXC group. Therefore, calcium supplements may appear to improve fracture healing of osteoporotic bone but failed to improve strength. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1651–1656, 2010
Modeling solvation on the chemically modified silica surfaces
Authors: Buszewski Bogusław , Bocian Szymon , Nowaczyk Alicja 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA detailed molecular‐level description of the retention mechanism in RP‐HPLC is a point of great interest to analytical chemists. For this purpose, the solvent adsorption on the octadecyl stationary‐bonded phase was investigated. Preferential adsorption of solvents from the acetonitrile–water mobile phase was modeled on the silica surface with one, two, three and four organic ligands, which represents a series of non‐end‐capped‐bonded phases with different coverage density of bonded ligands. As a result of the computer simulation, the increase of adsorbed acetonitrile around bonded ligands is observed. The number of water molecules near the modeled surface is observed as well. The results are in agreement with experimental measurement of acetonitrile excess adsorption isotherms on the series of in‐house made stationary‐bonded phase.
Synthesis of polyetherols with isocyanuric ring: Kinetics and mechanisms of reactions in the presence of DABCO as catalyst
Authors: Lubczak Jacek 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTo establish the mechanism of reaction of formation of oligoetherols with perhydro‐1,3,5‐triazine ring, the kinetics of reaction of isocyanuric acid and 1,3,5‐tris(2‐hydroxyetyl) isocyanurate with ethylene carbonate resulting in formation of polyetherols in the presence of diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane as a catalyst has been investigated. The kinetic and mechanistic studies revealed that the initial step of reaction is zero order related to ethylene carbonate and the reaction is inhibited by imide groups of isocyanuric acid. The mechanism of reaction was confirmed by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 550–561, 2010