bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a Video for Teaching Patients about Prostate Cancer Screening and Treatment
Authors: Ruthman Jacklyn Ludwig , Ferrans Carol Estwing 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To test the effectiveness of a video to teach patients about prostate cancer screening and treatment in a clinic setting. Methods. A staged, two-group, pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used. Questionnaires were completed before and after a routine doctor's appointment in a Veteran's Administration clinic. The experimental group (n = 52) viewed the video, and the control group (n = 52) received usual care only. The two groups were similar in age, education, race, and quality of life. Results. Knowledge increased significantly from pretest to posttest for the experimental group, but not for the control group (p < .001). More patients in the experimental group changed their preference for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening (31% experimental vs. 2% control, p = .002), indicating the patients were impacted by the information presented. Viewing the video did not stimulate increased discussion with the physician or lengthen appointment time. Conclusion. The video was effective in improving knowledge about a complex topic and changing some patients' preference for PSA testing without frightening or confusing patients.
Increasing Stair Use in a Worksite through Environmental Changes
Authors: Kerr Nicole Angelique , Yore Michelle M. , Ham Sandra A. , Dietz William H. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. This study assessed the impact on stair use of four sequential environmental interventions: (1) installing new carpet and painting the walls, (2) adding framed artwork on stair landings, (3) displaying motivational signs throughout the building, and (4) adding a stereo system and playing various types of music in the stairwell. Methods. We conducted a longitudinal study with no comparison group to evaluate the impact of environmental changes on stairway use. The setting was the main stairwell in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Rhodes Building in Atlanta, Georgia. Proximity sensors were installed in each stairwell entry to monitor traffic. The subjects were 554 permanent CDC employees and 110 temporary employees. Changes in stairwell use by intervention were evaluated. Results. Both motivational signs and music significantly increased stair use by 8.9% over baseline (p < .05). The increase in sign use occurred in the first 3 months of the intervention, whereas the increase in music occurred after the first 3 months. Discussion. These data suggest that physical improvements to a stairwell, signage that encourages stair use, and music may increase physical activity among building occupants.
24/7
Authors: Klinger Barbara 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
An integral part of American film history resides in Hollywood's extensive relationships to new media and technologies, especially as they have acted as vital forums for movie production, distribution, and exhibition. In the second half of cinema's existence, a particularly strong configuration of intimate business associations has materialized between film studios and a number of new media and technology concerns, from broadcast and cable television to DVD and the internet. Adjudicated by complex forces, these developments have clearly affected the film studios' organization and economic profile. Such advances have also had a significant impact on the very meaning of cinema as a medium and an experience, deeply influencing the aesthetics, public reputation, and modes of consumption of films, as well as their sheer presence in everyday life.
Switching on Fluorescent Emission by Molecular Recognition and Aggregation Dissociation
Authors: Lin Naibo , Liu Xiang Yang , Diao Ying Ying , Xu Hongyao , Chen Chunyan , Ouyang Xinhua , Yang Hongzhi , Ji Wei 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA generic and effective approach to “switch on” and enhance the two‐photon fluorescence (TPF) emission of quenched TPF molecules, i.e., fluorene derivatives, is reported in terms of molecular recognition with a decoupling medium. Such a medium, in this case Bombyx mori silk, can recognize TPF molecules and inhibit the aggregation of the TPF molecules. The designed TPF molecules are 2,7‐bis[2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)ethenyl]‐9,9‐dibutylfluorene (4NF) and 2,7‐bis[2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)ethenyl]‐9,9‐dioctylfluorene (8NF), which exhibit suppressed TPF emission owing to molecular‐stacking‐led aggregation in the solid form. Due to the specific recognition between –NO2 in the quenched fluorescent molecules and –NH groups in silk fibroin molecules, the aggregated molecules of 4NF/8NF molecules are decoupled. This decoupling gives rise to a significant increase in TPF quantum yields. The mechanism is further confirmed by replacing the terminal group –NO2 in 8NF with –CH3 (in 2,7‐bis[2‐(4‐methylphenyl)ethenyl]‐9,9‐dioctylfluorene; 8MF) to eliminate the possibility of molecular recognition. As predicted, in the case of 8MF the switching‐on effect is eliminated. Completely new TPF silk fibers can additionally be applied in real‐time 3D high‐resolution TPF scaffold bioimaging.
Parameter estimation of industrial PET reactor using multi‐objective kernel density estimation of distribution algorithm
Authors: Luo Na , Qian Feng 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWith a multitude of reaction pathways, poly (ethylene‐terephthalate) (PET) polymerization of industrial practice is complex, and the quality of PET is normally described in terms of several experimentally measured indices. In this paper, parameters estimation of industrial PET reactors is presented as a multi‐objective problem to make the mathematic model consistent with the actual industrial process. Considering the interrelation among parameters and the failure of general optimization algorithms, a new multi‐objective estimation of distribution algorithm is proposed. Kernel density estimation is used to make the new population more suitable for real‐life problems instead of Gaussian model during the evolution of the algorithm. Strategies including selection of kernel width, sampling method and Pareto domination selection are used to explore and exploit the search space more efficiently. With industrial operating data identified in steady state and eliminated from gross error, kinetic parameters are estimated by minimizing carboxyl end group concentration and degree of polymerization simultaneously using the proposed algorithm. The simulation results show that the model with estimated parameters has better predictive performance compared with the experimental parameters. Copyright © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical study on flow and heat transfer of high‐pressure syngas in membrane helical‐coil heat exchanger
Authors: Yang Zhen , Zhao Zhenxing , Liu Yinhe , Wang Xiangyu , Chang Yongqiang , Cao Zidong 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTNumerical simulation was conducted to investigate the flow and heat transfer of high‐pressure synthesis gas (syngas) in an annular channel consisting of membrane helical coils. Effects of radial pitch, axial pitch, and inner helical coil diameter were considered. The numerical results are in a good agreement with our previous experimental results of heat transfer in membrane helical‐coil annular channels. The average heat transfer coefficient of the membrane helical coil decreases to a constant with the rise of radial pitch; meanwhile, it increases first and decreases afterwards with the increase of axial pitch. Although the local heat transfer coefficients of the inner and outer coil are irrelevant to the coil curvature, the average heat transfer coefficient of inner coil is higher than that of outer coil due to the lower finned ratio of inner coil. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A web‐based adaptive tutor to teach PCR primer design
Authors: van Seters Janneke R. , Wellink Joan , Tramper Johannes , Goedhart Martin J. , Ossevoort Miriam A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWhen students have varying prior knowledge, personalized instruction is desirable. One way to personalize instruction is by using adaptive e‐learning to offer training of varying complexity. In this study, we developed a web‐based adaptive tutor to teach PCR primer design: the PCR Tutor. We used part of the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives (the three cognitive processes: remember, understand, and apply) to design exercises of varying complexity. Using this method, we demonstrated that we were able to systematically categorize exercises. There was also a good learning effect and a positive student perception when using the PCR Tutor.
Change of Coronary Flow Velocity During the Cold Pressor Test Is Related to Endothelial Markers in Subjects With Chest Pain and a Normal Coronary Angiogram
Authors: Hwang Hui‐Jeong , Youn Ho‐Joong , Lee Man‐Young , Park Chul‐Soo , Choi Yun‐Seok , Chung Woo‐Baek , Lee Jae‐Beom , Shim ByungJu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:Several studies demonstrated that endothelial or atherosclerotic biomarkers, including plasma free insulin‐like growth factor‐I(IGF‐I), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), adiponectin, and leptin have an influence on coronary endothelial function.Hypothesis:The aim of the present study was to investigate whether change of coronary flow velocity of the distal left anterior descending artery (LAD) during the cold pressor test (CPT) with transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTE) was associated with these biomarkers in subjects with chest pain and a normal coronary angiogram.Methods:In 190 subjects (mean age, 54±11 years; male:female, 113:77) with chest pain and a normal coronary angiogram, peak diastolic velocity (PDV) of the distal LAD during the CPT with TTE was assessed. Acetylcholine provocation test was performed in 58 subjects (mean age, 51±10 years) who were clinically suspected of vasospasm. CPT%PDV was defined as the percent change in PDV during the CPT. Associations between CPT%PDV and clinical parameters were analyzed.Results:According to multiple regression analysis, CPT%PDV was associated with plasma free IGF‐I in the entire study population (β=0.295, P<0.001 in all subjects; β=0.341, P=0.001 in males; β=0.243, P=0.037 in females; β=0.303, P=0.002 in nonsmokers; and β=0.256, P=0.047 in smokers), and sCD40L in males (β=−0.269, P=0.008)and smokers (β=−0.261, P=0.046). Subjects with vasospasm to intracoronary acetylcholine had lower plasma free IGF‐I(6.9±3.3 vs 8.9±3.4, P=0.026) and CPT%PDV (8.8±24.9 vs 52.7±26.0, P<0.001) than the others. Plasma adiponectin and leptin were not associated with CPT%PDV.Conclusions:Change of coronary flow velocity assessed using the CPT with TTE may be related to endothelial markers, especially plasma free IGF‐I. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Increasing heterogeneity in the organization of synaptic inputs of mature olfactory bulb neurons generated in newborn rats
Authors: Kelsch Wolfgang , Sim Shuyin , Lois Carlos 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNew neurons are added into the mammalian olfactory bulb throughout life, but it remains unknown whether the properties of new neurons generated in newborn animals differ from those added during adulthood. We compared the densities of glutamatergic synapses of granule cells (GCs) generated in newborn and adult rats over extended periods of time. We observed that, whereas adult‐born GCs maintained stable cell‐to‐cell variability of synaptic densities soon after they integrated into the circuit, cell‐to‐cell variability of synaptic densities of neonatal‐born GCs increased months after their integration. We also investigated whether the synaptic reorganization induced by sensory deprivation occurred differently in mature neonatal‐ and adult‐born GCs. Sensory deprivation after new GCs had differentiated induced more pronounced changes in the synaptic densities of neonatal‐born GCs than in adult‐born GCs. These observations suggest that the synapses of mature neonatal‐born GCs retain a higher degree of malleability in response to changes in neuronal activity than adult‐born GCs. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1327–1338, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Auditory thalamic reticular nucleus of the rat: Anatomical nodes for modulation of auditory and cross‐modal sensory processing in the loop connectivity between the cortex and thalamus
Authors: Kimura Akihisa , Yokoi Isao , Imbe Hiroki , Donishi Tomohiro , Kaneoke Yoshiki 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe auditory sector of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) plays a pivotal role in gain and/or gate control of auditory input relayed from the thalamus to cortex. The TRN is also likely involved in cross‐modal sensory processing for attentional gating function. In the present study, we anatomically examined how cortical and thalamic afferents intersect in the auditory TRN with regard to these two functional pathways. Iontophoretic injections of biocytin into subregions of the auditory TRN, which were made with the guidance of electrophysiological recording of auditory response, resulted in retrograde labeling of cortical and thalamic cells, indicating the sources of afferents to the TRN. Cortical afferents from area Te1 (temporal cortex, area 1), which contains the primary and anterior auditory fields, topographically intersected thalamic afferents from the ventral division of the medial geniculate nucleus at the subregions of the auditory TRN, suggesting tonotopically organized convergence of afferents, although they innervated a given small part of the TRN from large parts. In the caudodorsal and rostroventral parts of the auditory TRN, cortical afferents from nonprimary visual and somatosensory areas intersected thalamic afferents from auditory, visual, and somatosensory nuclei. Furthermore, afferents from the caudal insular cortex and the parvicellular part of the ventral posterior thalamic nucleus, which are associated with visceral processing, converged to the rostroventral end of the auditory TRN. The results suggest that the auditory TRN consists of anatomical nodes that mediate tonotopic and/or cross‐modal modulation of auditory and other sensory processing in the loop connectivity between the cortex and thalamus. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1457–1480, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The sodium‐driven chloride/bicarbonate exchanger in presynaptic terminals
Authors: Burette Alain C. , Weinberg Richard J. , Sassani Patrick , Abuladze Natalia , Kao Liyo , Kurtz Ira 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe sodium‐driven chloride/bicarbonate exchanger (NDCBE), a member of the SLC4 family of bicarbonate transporters, was recently found to modulate excitatory neurotransmission in hippocampus. By using light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry, we demonstrate here that NDCBE is expressed throughout the adult rat brain, and selectively concentrates in presynaptic terminals, where it is closely associated with synaptic vesicles. NDCBE is in most glutamatergic axon terminals, and is also present in the terminals of parvalbumin‐positive γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic cells. These findings suggest that NDCBE can regulate glutamatergic transmission throughout the brain, and point to a role for NDCBE as a possible regulator of GABAergic neurotransmission. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1481–1492, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicting Outcome of Inpatient CBT for Adolescents with Anxious‐Depressed School Absenteeism
Authors: Walter Daniel , Hautmann Christopher , Minkus Johannes , Petermann Maike , Lehmkuhl Gerd , Goertz‐Dorten Anja , Doepfner Manfred 
Published: November 2011

Predictors of outcome of inpatient treatment based on manualized cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) were examined for 147 adolescents with anxious‐depressed school absenteeism assessed at discharge and at 2 months after the end of treatment. Outcome measures were regular school attendance and a wide variety of mental health problems rated by adolescents and parents. Socio‐demographic data, clinical ratings/diagnosis and adolescent‐reported and parent‐reported mental health problems were examined as predictors. Regression analyses indicated that none of the variables were able to predict regular school attendance in a clinically relevant way. Adolescent‐reported and parent‐reported mental health problems at intake predicted these symptoms at both discharge and follow‐up (R2 between 0.31 and 0.61). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner MessageWhen treating anxious‐depressed adolescents with chronic school absenteeism in an inpatient setting using CBT, socio‐demographic data, clinical ratings, diagnosis or self‐reported and parent‐reported mental health problems cannot predict treatment outcomes on school absenteeism.Even severely impaired adolescents do not necessarily have the worst outcome in terms of high school absence rates.Severity of self‐reported and parent‐reported mental health problems at the start of inpatient treatment using CBT best predict these symptoms at discharge and at 2 months after the end of inpatient treatment.
Evaluation of EGFR mutation status in cytology specimens: An institutional experience
Authors: Aisner D. L. , Deshpande C. , Baloch Z. , Watt C. D. , Litzky L. A. , Malhotra B. , Sepulveda A. R. , Langer C. , Evans T. , Van Deerlin V. M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status has been shown to predict response to anti‐EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In patients with advanced‐stage NSCLC, evaluation of mutational status is increasingly requested on biopsy or fine‐needle aspiration specimens, which often have limited material. There are limited data on the suitability of cytology cell blocks (CB) for EGFR mutation testing. In this study, we report our institutional experience with cytology cell block material for EGFR mutation testing. We retrospectively reviewed EGFR mutation analyses performed on 234 surgical (SP) and cytology (CB) from October 2007 to May 2010. One hundred ninety‐two SP specimens and 42 CB specimens were evaluated for EGFR mutation. CB specimens were evaluated for overall specimen size based on aggregate cellularity in comparison to small biopsy specimens, and percent tumor. Of the 192 SP and 42 CB specimens, 31 (16.1%) and 11 (26.2%) were positive for EGFR mutation, respectively; there does not appear to be an association between mutation detection rate and the source of the specimen (P = 0.124). Limited DNA was obtained from 70.0% (29/42), including 81.8% (9/11) of those which were mutation positive. Additionally, 45.4% (5/11) of mutation positive specimens had extremely low DNA yields. Although 16.6% (7/42) of CB specimens had <10% tumor, all 11 mutation positive CB cases had >10% tumor. These data indicate that CB specimens provide an alternative source for molecular evaluation of NSCLC, and that tumor percentage may be more important than specimen size and/or DNA yield in determining the suitability of these specimens for testing. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:316–323. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parapharyngeal chordoma: A diagnostic challenge and potential mimic of pleomorphic adenoma on fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Castro Michael , Aslan Deniz , Manivel J. Carlos , Pambuccian Stefan E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChordomas are rare tumors that are usually located in the sacrococcygeal and sphenooccipital region. Their cytologic diagnosis is rather straightforward when sampled by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) from these characteristic locations, especially when physalipherous cells are present. However, chordomas may pose difficult diagnostic challenges when encountered in unusual locations, such as the parapharyngeal region. We report the cytologic findings of a recurrent chordoma sampled through transoral FNA from the parapharyngeal space of a 66‐year‐old woman. As the prior history of chordoma was not available during the rapid onsite evaluation, the presence of bland epithelioid nonvacuolated cells and spindle cells intimately admixed with a fibrillary, intensely metachromatic material led to an initial diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma. Review of the patient's prior pathology specimen and of the Papanicolaou‐stained smears and cellblock sections showing rare multivacuolated (physalipherous) cells led to the correct diagnosis, which was supported by immunoperoxidase stains (cytokeratin AE1/AE3+, S100+, GFAP−). A review of the literature found no previous instances in which chordomas mimicked pleomorphic adenoma on FNA. However, since the two tumors show significant cytomorphologic overlap, including the presence of abundant fibrillary matrix with embedded neoplastic cells and single bland spindle and epithelioid tumor cells with occasional intranuclear pseudoinclusions, we compared their cytologic features. A review of the FNA cytologic features of this case of chordoma and of 17 consecutive cases of pleomorphic adenoma found that the presence of a more abundant, focally vacuolated cytoplasm favors chordoma over pleomorphic adenoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sugaring o'er the devil: Moral superiority and group identification help individuals downplay the implications of ingroup rule‐breaking
Authors: Iyer Aarti , Jetten Jolanda , Haslam S. Alexander 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe examined how a group's claim to moral superiority influences evaluations of rule‐breaking by ingroup members. Moral superiority was manipulated among researchers (Study 1) and British citizens (Study 2), after which group members were presented with ingroup rule‐breakers: a researcher violating ethical rules (Study 1) and British soldiers abusing Iraqi prisoners (Study 2). In both studies, higher and lower identifiers in the control condition perceived the rule‐breaking as equally damaging, evaluated the rule‐breakers equally negatively and recommended equally harsh punishments. When the group had taken the moral high ground, lower identifiers perceived the rule‐breaking as more damaging than did higher identifiers. In addition, higher identifiers evaluated the rule‐breakers less negatively and recommended more lenient punishments. Results of mediation analyses demonstrated that negative evaluations of, and recommended punishment for, the rule‐breakers were explained by the perceived damage that their behaviour caused to the ingroup. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrophoretic mobility measurements of fluorescent dyes using on‐chip capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Milanova Denitsa , Chambers Robert D. , Bahga Supreet S. , Santiago Juan G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe present an experimental study of the effect of pH, ionic strength, and concentrations of the electroosmotic flow (EOF)‐suppressing polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the electrophoretic mobilities of commonly used fluorescent dyes (fluorescein, Rhodamine 6G, and Alexa Fluor 488). We performed on‐chip capillary zone electrophoresis experiments to directly quantify the effective electrophoretic mobility. We use Rhodamine B as a fluorescent neutral marker (to quantify EOF) and CCD detection. We also report relevant acid dissociation constants and analyte diffusivities based on our absolute estimate (as per Nernst–Einstein diffusion). We perform well‐controlled experiments in a pH range of 3–11 and ionic strengths ranging from 30 to 90 mM. We account for the influence of ionic strength on the electrophoretic transport of sample analytes through the Onsager and Fuoss theory extended for finite radii ions to obtain the absolute mobility of the fluorophores. Lastly, we briefly explore the effect of PVP on adsorption–desorption dynamics of all three analytes, with particular attention to cationic R6G.