bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distal Immunization and Systemic Cytokines Establish a Transient Immune Alert State in the Intestine
Authors: Wu Yixuan , Huang Jessica Y , Conlon Michael T , Shenoy Meera K , Chao Jaime L , Chooi Ming Yao , Koch Meghan A , Gerner Michael Y 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Conventionally, immune responses are studied in the context of inflamed tissues and their corresponding draining lymph nodes (LNs). However, little is known about the effects of systemic inflammatory signals generated during local inflammation on distal tissues and nondraining LNs. Using a mouse model of cutaneous immunization, we found that systemic inflammatory stimuli triggered a rapid and selective distal response in the small intestine and the mesenteric LN (mesLN). This consisted of increased permeability of intestinal blood vessels and lymphatic drainage of bloodborne solutes into the mesLN, enhanced activation and migration of intestinal dendritic cells, as well as amplified T cell responses in the mesLNs to systemic but not orally derived Ags. Mechanistically, we found that the small intestine endothelial cells preferentially expressed molecules involved in TNF-α signaling and that TNF-α blockade markedly diminished distal intestinal responses to cutaneous immunization. Together, these findings reveal that the intestinal immune system is rapidly and selectively activated in response to inflammatory cues regardless of their origin, thus identifying an additional layer of defense and enhanced surveillance of a key barrier organ at constant risk of pathogen encounter.
An unusual case of an isolated, incarcerated appendix epiploica inguinal hernia and laparoscopic mesh herniorrhaphy
Authors: Pillay Yagan , Reshetar Maryna 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
An isolated appendix epiploica (AE) inguinal hernia remains a rare surgical entity despite laparoscopic herniorrhaphy and improved intra peritoneal visualization. The surgical disposition of the AE remains controversial with proponents for both excision and conservative management. The paucity of data, based only on case reports precludes definite guidelines in their management. The presence of infection, organ ischemia, surgeon experience, and biological mesh availability all play a role in the management of this type of hernia. We present a rare case report with a viable incarcerated, AE inguinal hernia and its laparoscopic excision, and hernia repair. This is only the third such case report in the published literature to date.
Neuroectodermal influence in odontogenic cyst and tumor: evidence through CD56 immunoexpression
Authors: Pallavi Kriti , Jain Anshi , Gulati Nikita , Juneja Saurabh , Shetty Devi C. , Tandon Ankita , Aggarwal Dipanshu 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
CD56, associated with neuroectodermal differentiation of the embryonal cells, is often considered a marker of neural lineage. Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are of particular interest because of their characteristic histopathologic features, high recurrence rate, and aggressive behavior. CD56 immunoreactivity in these lesions has been reported with very high frequency. The present study analyzes the immunoexpression of CD56 in ameloblastoma (AM) and OKC to infer neuroectodermal influence in the pathogenesis of odontogenic lesions and its correlation with clinicopathologic parameters.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty histopathologically confirmed cases of OKC and AM, 25 from tooth-bearing (TB) and molar-ramus (MR) regions each, and 5 dental follicular tissues as control were collected from the department archives and immunohistochemical analysis with CD56 was carried out.

Results:
CD56 immunopositivity was seen in 64% AM and 36% OKC cases. The majority of AM cases showed cytoplasmic expression in the peripheral cells of odontogenic islands; similarly, OKC cases showed continuous and uniform cytoplasmic expression in the basal and parabasal cells of the cystic lining. CD56 immunopositivity was found in more AM cases as compared to OKC cases in both the TB and MR regions.

Interpretation and Conclusions:
The assessment of CD56 immunoexpression in odontogenic cyst and tumor (AM) may aid in understanding the role of neuroectodermal influence in the etiopathogenetic pathways and a possible influence of CD56 on the clinical behavior and aggressiveness of the odontogenic lesions. A correlation of CD56 expression with the clinical outcome of the disease (site, perforation, root resorption, and tooth displacement) can help envisage possible prognostic assessment for these lesions.
Cultural, Clinical, and Sociolinguistic Considerations in the Neurocognitive Assessment and Care in Arabic-speaking Patients with Dementia
Authors: Taiebine Mohamed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recent research from many Arabic-speaking countries indicates that the aging population is more prone to certain neurodegenerative diseases. This increased vulnerability implies exploring the specific needs and challenges faced by individuals with dementia within these communities. Neurocognitive interventions and assessment-based protocols for dementia have recently shifted from a disease-centered approach to a person-centered care model, which recognizes people with dementia as psychosocial individuals who live and interact in a particular sociocultural and linguistic context. This shifting paradigm embraces a more holistic approach, acknowledging the significant impact of their psychosocial functioning as well as their experience of the disease. In this context, we provide an overview of dementia in Arabic-speaking people with Alzheimer’s disease, with a focus on sociolinguistic and sociocultural profiles. We detail the cultural aspects that should be incorporated into cognitive testing and care for their home or host countries if they are migrants. We discuss the limits of diagnosis, neurocognitive testing, and therapeutic interventions in this context. We formulate a set of recommendations for clinicians dealing with neurocognitive disorders, related to the acculturation and diglossic differences between the dialect spoken by the clinician and the client. However, limited access to interpreters and the lack of adapted resources can reveal deeper issues which require systemic solutions. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of cultural differences in language, culture, and country of origin. Many so-called “ethnic, translinguistic, and diglossic misunderstandings” are linked to poor linguistic comprehension, language barriers, and illiteracy.
When Guillain–Barré Syndrome Defies Expectations: A Case of Atypical Features
Authors: Khan Ulma , Pandit Sanjay , Chawla Kishore , Golani Mahak , Dharra Gaurav , Aggarwal Rupal 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is one of the most common causes of acute flaccid paralysis. In typical GBS, there are no central nervous system (CNS) features. GBS with prominent CNS involvement can be seen in uncommon variants of GBS (such as Miller Fisher Syndrome and Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis [BBE]) or rarely, when it coexists with other conditions such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). We report a case of a 35-year-old male who presented with fever followed by ascending lower motor neuron type paraparesis suggestive of GBS which progressed rapidly to involve the respiratory muscles necessitating invasive mechanical ventilation. The patient had many atypical features, namely, persistent fever, early bladder and bowel involvement, facial twitching, ophthalmoplegia with ptosis, and a comatose state. Based on these clinical features and the investigations done, a diagnosis of GBS with BBE with a possibility of ADEM was made. The patient was managed intensively, but there was no improvement in the neurological manifestations and the patient succumbed to the illness due to ventilator-associated complications.
Comparison of Working Memory Performance using Auditory N-back Task in Adults who do and do not Stutter
Authors: Kuriakose Theaja , Spoorthi H. S. , Apoorva K. S. , Kulkarni Vaishnavi V. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Working memory is considered to be essential for higher-level cognition and phonological encoding. The N-back task is a popular test for evaluating working memory capacity. Phonological working memory which is involved in temporary storage and manipulation of information plays an important role in speech fluency. Previous investigations have revealed a reduced phonological working memory in English-speaking adults with stuttering (AWS). No studies to date have explored the role of phonological memory in Kannada-speaking AWS. The present study aimed to compare the working memory performance in auditory two back tasks between AWS and adults with no stuttering (AWNS).

Methods:
Participants included were 15 AWS (14 males and 1 female) and 16 AWNS (8 males and 8 females). The present study comprised of two tasks, namely auditory 2 back task for meaningful words (task 1) and auditory 2 back for nonwords (task 2). The participants performed two back tasks for the meaningful words and nonwords and were instructed to say “yes” whenever the same stimulus was heard 2 stimulus back and “no” for the different stimulus. Every accurate response received a score of 1, while an incorrect or no response received a score of 0.

Results:
The results revealed that AWS performed significantly poorer than AWNS in both tasks 1 and 2, which indicate that AWS has impaired working memory skills.

Conclusion:
The results of the present study indicated poorer performance of stutterers in auditory n-back test of phonological working memory. This shows that individuals with stuttering having an inadequate phonological working memory when compared to that of their counterparts. This could be due to their inaccurate phonological representations or attentional deficits.
Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation of Wi-Fi Router on Thyroid Gland and the Possible Protective Role of Combined Vitamin C and Zinc Administration in Adult Male Albino Rats
Authors: Ibrahim Nancy Nagy Abd El-Hady , Estfanous Remon S. , Abo-Alala Aml M. , Elkattan Amal K. , Amer Rabab Mohamed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is widely used nowadays in various fields due to rapid expansion of technology and affects different organs such as endocrine glands. Antioxidants protect the cells and act as a free radical scavenger.

Aim of Work:
The aim of the study was to clarify the effect of EMR emitted from Wi-Fi router on the thyroid gland of adult male albino rats and the possible protective role of combined Vitamin C and zinc.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into three groups: Group I (control group), Group II (received combined Vitamin C and Zinc in one tablet called IMMUNO-MASH), and Group III (experimental groups). Group III was divided into two subgroups (A and B) according to the duration of exposure: 6 h and 24 h/day. Each of these groups was divided into two equal subgroups. One was exposed only to EMR while the other was exposed to EMR and received combined Vitamin C and zinc. All rats were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. The thyroid gland was prepared for general histological, anti-calcitonin immunostaining, and ultrastructural study. Furthermore, measurement of total serum T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) hormone levels and quantitative analysis of immunoreactive C-cells were done. Then, statistical analysis was done on the number of immunoreactive C-cells, data of the body weight, and the hormonal levels.

Results:
A highly significant increase in the body weight in subgroups exposed to EMR for 24 h/day was observed. Furthermore, they showed a highly significant decline in T3 and T4 levels together with a highly significant increase in TSH level. With increasing period of exposure, there was a variable degree of deterioration in the form of congestion and dilatation of blood vessels, cellular infiltration, follicular disintegration, vacuolar degeneration, and desquamated follicular cells in the colloid. The C-cells showed a significant increase in the mean number compared with the control group. Ultrastructural analysis of follicular cells revealed colloid droplets, deteriorations in rough endoplasmic reticulum, degenerating nuclei, and swollen mitochondria according to the dose of exposure. There was apparent improvement with the use of combined Vitamin C and zinc.

Conclusion:
Wi-Fi radiation has a very serious effect on thyroid gland morphology and activity. Moreover, experimentally induced hypothyroidism by radiation resulted in increased C-cell number. Combined Vitamin C and zinc could have a protective role against this tissue damage.
Effect of integrated Ayurvedic approach for management of ankylosing spondylitis: A case report
Authors: Shetty Suketha Kumari , Veer Vidya R , Gaurav Kumar , Sharma Oshin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a seronegative spondyloarthropathy that mainly affects the spine and further involves various sacroiliac joints and articular structures. Human leukocyte antigen-B27 and tumor necrosis factor are said to be contributing factors. In this context, the etiology of the disease might be unknown or unclear. To date, conventional medicine has not provided a satisfactory treatment for this condition, but integrated Ayurveda regimens, such as oral medications, Panchakarma therapies, Yoga, and diet, could be beneficial for these manifestations and aimed at enhancing an individual’s quality of life. Ayurveda regimen, such as oral medications, Panchakarma therapies, Yoga, and diet, could benefit in this symptomatic presentation. A 27-year-old female presented with complaints of progressive neck pain and sacroiliac pain along with stiffness of the spine and hip for 6 years, associated with restricted movement of the spine. The condition was diagnosed as AS and treated for 6 months with Ayurveda treatment, Yoga, and diet. This therapeutic protocol was directed toward alleviating symptoms, reducing severe disability, and improving quality of life. The patient’s condition was assessed for symptoms of Asthimajjagata Vata, Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Scale score, and AS Disease Activity Score showed substantial improvement. After a 1-year follow-up in September 2022, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels were within the normal range, and no subjective or objective symptoms were observed. This case study shows that cases of AS can be successfully managed with Ayurveda treatment.
Ayurvedic management of Dhumadarshi (central serous chorioretinopathy): A case report
Authors: Sharma Shikha , Tripathi Ankur , Bavalatti Narayana , Rajagopala Manjusha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is characterized by serous detachment of the neurosensory retina at the posterior pole with or without focal pigment epithelial detachment and altered retinal pigment epithelium. In most cases, treatment helps restore the vision, but no treatment could maximize the final visual gain. In Ayurveda, visual-related conditions are included in the Drishtigata Roga (diseases causing visual disturbance). CSCR based on clinical presentation can be categorized under Dhumadarshi. A 42-year-old female came to the outpatient department of Shalakya tantra with the complaint of dimness in vision in the left eye (OS: oculus sinister) for 2 days, along with a black spot in the center of her vision while walking. On examination, unaided distant visual acuity was 6/36 in the left eye (OS) and 6/9 in the right eye (OD: oculus dexter). On optical coherence tomography examination, it was diagnosed as a case of CSCR. Interventions included in this study were on an outpatient basis with the potential action of Shothahara (anti-inflammatory), Vatanulomana (pacification of obstructed Vata), Medhya (intellect enhancer), and Drishtiprasadana (enhancing eyesight). At the end of the consultation, the vision was restated to normal, and the accumulation of subretinal fluid was completely resolved. In conclusion, Ayurvedic intervention can aid in accelerating visual restoration and reducing accumulation of subretinal fluid.
In-vivo Screening for the Antiasthmatic Potential of Salicin through the Murine Models of Asthma and Airway Remodeling
Authors: Raval Keval Y. , Dobariya Ruchi H. , Tirgar Pravin R. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
To determine the antiasthmatic potential of salicin in experimental animals.

Materials and Methods:
The study was undertaken in two phases: clonidine-induced catalepsy (Phase I) and ovalbumin (OVA) induced lung inflammation (Phase II). In Phase I, 36 Swiss Albino mice were pretreated with clonidine (1 mg/kg) subcutaneously for induction of catalepsy. Different doses of salicin (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) and pheniramine maleate (10 mg/kg) were administered through the oral route, and the cataleptic score was calculated. In Phase II, 36 Albino Wistar rats were sensitized and challenged with 1 mg OVA absorbed on 20 mg aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) intraperitoneally on days 0, 7, and 14 followed by the treatment with salicin doses (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg). Blood parameters, including total cells (TC), eosinophils (EOS), neutrophils (NEU), and macrophages (MAC), were recorded. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-13 (IL-13) were collected from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Levels of OVA-specific IgE were estimated from spleens, Peyer’s patches, and mesenteric lymph nodes of rats.

Results:
Animals treated with salicin showed a significant reduction (P-value <0.05) in cataleptic scores. Significant reduction (P-value <0.05) in levels of TC, NEU, EOS, and MAC was observed in animals treated with salicin. Levels of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, and IL13 also reduced significantly (P-value <0.05) in salicin-treated animals. The concentration of OVA-specific IgE reduced significantly (P-value <0.05) in salicin-treated animals.

Conclusion:
Salicin ameliorates catalepsy and lung inflammation in asthmatic conditions.
Assessing the knowledge and attitude regarding bruxism among the dental interns of various dental colleges of Gujarat: An electronic cross-sectional survey
Authors: Gaur Malhar , Dave Bhavna , Bargale Seema , Inderchand Bhavana , Deshpande Anshula , Poonacha K. S. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The most commonly observed habit in growing children is grinding or clenching of teeth termed bruxism which occurs during daytime or sleep. Typical indications range from dental damage, pulpal sensitivity, movement of teeth, pain from fragmented restorations, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, masseter hyperactivity, and temporal migraines.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and attitude regarding bruxism among the interns in government and private dental colleges of Gujarat through a questionnaire.

Materials and Methods:
A structured 15-set questionnaire was fabricated for assessment. Questions about the knowledge of causes, characteristics, and management of bruxism and the attitude toward treatment modalities were assessed for the interns. This questionnaire was distributed among various government and private dental college interns obtained through personal contact.

Results:
Almost 50% of participants knew the characteristic symptoms associated with bruxism. Almost two-thirds of the population identified the most appropriate treatment modalities for dental management of bruxism. There was a slight variance in the attitude toward approaching characteristics of patients with bruxism.

Conclusion:
The study was able to assess the knowledge and attitude toward bruxism among the interns completing their internship from dental streams of the colleges and also able to identify the areas to be addressed for improving the standards of bruxism education among the interns at their crucial juncture of moving out to the community and society as health-care providers. However, more widespread education tools are required to educate the dental interns.
Can esthetically pleasing aligners change the root morphologies? – A narrative review
Authors: Garg Shivika , Reddy Munish C. , Raghav Pradeep , Shukla Monika , Chowdhary Bhavika Kour , Joy Akhil Anton 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The occurrence of root resorption (RR) is an unavoidable result of orthodontic treatment. Finding a straightforward approach to its prevention remains a challenge. It is a tragic occurrence when radiographically detected, even though it is rarely severe. The application of force starts a sequence of biological mechanisms. Although we are well aware of how and when it is provoked, we are unable to foresee what will happen in the end. In the past few years, clear aligner therapy has become very popular. Although not much data has been established describing RR after this treatment.

Aim:
The following review determines the effect of aligner therapy on the resorption of roots leading to the shortening of root length.

Methods:
Research publications were searched on search engines such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar using terms such as “RR,” “risk factors of RR” and “effects of clear aligner therapy on RR.” These publications were then collected.

Results:
For this review, 30 articles were collected and further used to formulate this review.

Conclusion:
(1) Most affected teeth were the maxillary central and lateral incisors post aligner therapy. (2) Multiple factors that influenced RR were gender, malocclusion, the severity of crowding, type of tooth movement, and close approximation of root toward the cortical plate (3) Clear aligner therapy is comparable to LightForce fixed orthodontics appliances but surpasses heavy-force orthodontic appliances in the terms of the risk associated with developing RR.
COVID-19 and its possible association with oral lichen planus: An institutional experience
Authors: Gupta Juhi , Jain Vipul , Shekhawat Kuldeep Singh , Mariam Sarah 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Lichen planus is a chronic mucocutaneous disease that may affect the skin or any other mucosal surface. Although the etiology is largely unknown, role of stress in initiation or aggravation of the disease is a well-known fact. Apart from respiratory distress, COVID-19 has also been found to be associated with triggering autoimmune reactions such as oral lichen planus (OLP). Apart from its direct ill effect on health, the confusing nature, and the unknown course of COVID-19, the psychological stress of the lockdown and quarantine tremendously increased the stress levels. All this could be a trigger for the onset or exacerbation of existing OLP lesions.

Objective:
The primary outcome is to understand the likely association between OLP and COVID-19. The secondary outcome is to understand the role of COVID-19 in the pathogenesis of OLP if it is present.

Materials and Methods:
It was a unicentric cross-sectional study conducted on 57 patients suffering from OLP who had reported to the dental outpatient department of our tertiary health care center from September 2021 to April 2022. The clinical sign and symptoms associated with the OLP was recorded. A detailed history of COVID-19 exposure, vaccination status, and history of hospitalization were recorded.

Results:
The mean age of study participants was found to be 36.8 years the male:female ratio was found to be 1:2. Out of 57 patients, 45 patients had given a positive history of COVID-19 exposure.

Conclusion:
Apart from the immune dysregulation, the tremendous increase in stress levels due to COVID-19 has impacted everyone’s life very badly. The sudden increase in cases of OLP in post-COVID patients may be attributable to a combination of factors such as low Vitamin D levels COVID-19 and other comorbidities.