bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Student Complaints in the Service Learning Pedagogy
Authors: Rosing Howard , Reed Susan , Ferrari Joseph R. , Bothne Nancy J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study draws upon student evaluations across 3 years of service learning (SL) courses at a large, urban, faith‐based university identifying issues of greatest concern to students. Analysis of qualitative responses revealed perspectives on the limits, pitfalls, and barriers to successful SL student work in the community replicated over the 3 year timeframe. Over 2,200 written responses were coded and tested for reliability for each of 3 years. The top three comments SL students were most likely to express included: (1) concern about their placement in the community, for example, that sites were not prepared or that further goal‐setting, communication and training by the university was necessary; (2) that the university's choice of sites may have been ill considered; and, (3) that there were problems with time and scheduling. Ongoing assessment of students' perspectives on their placement experience identifies practices that can enhance their learning and contributions toward building stronger communities.
Physico‐Chemical Analysis, NMR Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatographic Studies of Jatrophacurcas L. Germplasm
Authors: Bhagat Rani B. , Taware S. P. , Chavan A. M. , Kulkarni D. K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA systematic collection of Jatropha curcas germplasm was carried out from five distinct ecogeographic zones of peninsular India in 2008. This involved recording passport data, documentation of important plant traits in situ, ecogeographic parameters and assessment of variability in 82 accessions. Extraction of oil was done by the Soxhlet method which gave an average yield of 38%. Oil content of collected accessions was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and Soxhlet extraction. Oil variability ranged from 45.5% in JC‐8 to 11.5% in JC‐30. The level of unsaturated fatty acid ranged from 85% in JC‐57 to 75.5% in JC‐10. Saturated fatty acids ranged from 24% in JC‐43 to 15% in JC‐54, the oxidative stability index was highest at 2.1 in JC‐30 and lowest at 0.68 in JC‐17. The seed weight was greatest in JC‐8 and the lowest in JC‐30. This paper provides information that will facilitate the selection of promising accessions for genetic enhancement of Jatropha germplasm through conventional breeding.
The effect of time intervals on neonatal outcome in elective cesarean delivery at term under regional anesthesia
Authors: Maayan‐Metzger Ayala , Schushan‐Eisen Irit , Todris Liat , Etchin Abba , Kuint Jacob 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo measure 3 intervals of time—induction of regional anesthesia to delivery (I–D), initial skin incision to delivery (S–D), and uterine incision to delivery (U–D)—in elective cesareans and to evaluate the impact of the duration of these 3 components on short‐term neonatal outcome.MethodsWe reviewed retrospective data on the duration of the components from the computerized database of the obstetrics operation room at the Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel, and from the medical records of term neonates.ResultsSufficient data were available in 933 cases. The parameters associated with longer time to delivery at any stage were epidural rather than spinal anesthesia, maternal diabetes, previous cesarean delivery, antihypertensive treatment, higher birth weight (3456 g and 3285 g for U–D interval longer than 2 minutes and U–D interval up to 2 minutes, respectively; P = 0.02), and male fetus. The duration of the I–D, S–D, and U–D intervals had no significant impact on any of the measured neonatal parameters.ConclusionWith regard to neonatal wellbeing, obstetricians have a relatively large safety margin in the time taken for inducing regional anesthesia and making the first and uterine incisions.
The effects of fire and tephra deposition on forest vegetation in the Central Cascades, Oregon
Authors: Long Colin J. , Power Mitchell J. , Bartlein Patrick J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHigh-resolution charcoal and pollen analyses were used to reconstruct a 12,000-yr-long fire and vegetation history of the Tumalo Lake watershed and to examine the short-term effects that tephra deposition have on forest composition and fire regime. The record suggests that, from 12,000 to 9200 cal yr BP, the watershed was dominated by an open Pinus forest with Artemisia as a common understory species. Fire episodes occurred on average every 115 yr. Beginning around 9200 cal yr BP, and continuing to the present, Abies became more common while Artemisia declined, suggesting the development of a closed forest structure and a decrease in the frequency of fire episodes, occurring on average every 160 yr. High-resolution pollen analyses before and after the emplacement of three distinct tephra deposits in the watershed suggest that nonarboreal species were most affected by tephra events and that recovery of the vegetation community to previous conditions took between 40 and 100 yr. Changes in forest composition were not associated with tephra depositional events or changes in fire-episode frequency, implying that the regional climate is the more important control on long-term forest composition and structure of the vegetation in the Cascade Range.
Comparison of the effects of dietary protein, androstenediol and forearm muscle area on radial bone variables in healthy prepubertal children
Authors: Libuda Lars , Wudy Stefan A. , Schoenau Eckhard , Remer Thomas 
Published: September 2010

Adequate dietary habits are supposed to be one of the most important modifiable factors in osteoporosis prevention. However, the importance of specific nutrients is controversial. We examined relevant nutrients which are supposed to have an impact on bone parameters and compared their effect sizes with those of two known predictors of bone development: bone-related muscle mass and androgen levels. We analysed nutritional, hormonal and anthropometric data from 107 prepubertal children participating in the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study. Diaphyseal bone mineral content (BMC), cortical area (CA), periosteal circumference, strength strain index and muscle area of the non-dominant forearm were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Data on long-term nutrient intakes (e.g. protein, Ca and vitamin D) were derived from 3 d weighed dietary records. Twenty-four hour urinary excretion rates of androgen metabolites including the sex steroid androstenediol were measured using GC–MS. Of all considered nutrients, only protein showed a trend for an association with BMC (β = +0·11; P = 0·073) and CA (β = +0·11; P = 0·056) in stepwise linear regression models. None of the other considered dietary variables was associated with bone parameters. The size of the bone anabolic effect of protein was partly comparable with that of androstenediol. Even though boys gained more bone mass in comparison with girls, the protein effect did not differ between sexes. Bone-related muscle area and sex steroids have the strongest effects on prepubertal diaphyseal bone. However, dietary protein may have a similar bone anabolic influence compared with androstenediol. In children without explicit nutrient deficits, protein seems to be the most important dietary component for diaphyseal bone status.
Juvenile didymozoids of the types, Torticaecum and Neotorticaecum (Didymozoidae: Digenea), from new marine fish hosts (Pisces: Teleostei) in the neotropical region of Brazil
Authors: Felizardo N.N. , Justo M.C. , Knoff M. , Fonseca M.C.G. , Pinto R.M. , Gomes D.C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFrom December 2006 to March 2008, 60 specimens ofParalichthys isoscelesand 25 specimens ofP. patagonicuswere investigated for helminths. One hundred and sixty-nine digeneans were recovered and parasites were identified as juvenile didymozoids of two types. Torticaecum and Neotorticaecum were found in 48 of the 60P. isosceles(80%) and 10 of the 25P. patagonicus(40%). Torticaecum and Neotorticaecum are reported for the first time in fish in South America (Brazil), found in the Atlantic Ocean. Morphometrics and illustrations are presented.
Supraglottitis and abscess formation
Authors: Gillett D , Eynon-Lewis N J 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:This case series report aims to raise awareness of the association between supraglottic infection and abscess formation, which has been rarely documented.Method:We report a series of four patients who developed cervical abscesses following supraglottic infection. The diagnosis was confirmed by imaging in three patients, and by incision and drainage of pus at direct laryngoscopy in one.Results:All four patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics, steroids and humidification; two also underwent surgical drainage of pus. All made an uneventful recovery.Conclusion:The factors that lead to neck abscess formation are poorly understood. Physicians should always be aware of this potential complication. If it is suspected, appropriate neck imaging should be undertaken, after excluding airway copromise; this will aid early diagnosis and treatment.
Hammondia triffittaen. comb. of foxes (Vulpesspp.): biological and molecular characteristics and differentiation fromHammondia heydorniof dogs
Authors: GJERDE BJØRN , DAHLGREN STINA S. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYGenomic DNAs from 3 oocyst isolates ofHammondiasp. from foxes (Vulpes vulpesandV. lagopus) and 1 oocyst isolate ofHammondia heydornifrom a dog, were examined by PCR and sequence analysis of 6 loci in order to determine whether the isolates were conspecific. Consistent genetic differences were found between the fox and dog isolates, respectively, at the ITS-2 region, the lsu rRNA gene, the alpha tubulin gene and the HSP70 gene, but not at the ssu rRNA gene or ITS-1 locus. Infection experiments established that dogs were unsuitable as definitive hosts forHammondiasp. of foxes; hence this species is regarded as separate fromH. heydorniof wolf-like canids, but probably identical withIsospora triffittae(syn.Isospora triffitti) previously reported from foxes. This species has therefore been namedHammondia triffittaen. comb. Reindeer, moose, sheep, goats, foxes and rabbits may act as intermediate hosts forH. triffittae. Muscle tissues of inoculated intermediate hosts were infectious for foxes from 16 days post-infection. Oocysts ofH. triffittaewere subspherical, averaging 12·5×10·9μm in size. The lsu rRNA gene and the alpha tubulin gene seem to be suitable genetic markers for differentiating betweenH. triffittaeandH. heydorni.
Nucleases: diversity of structure, function and mechanism
Authors: Yang Wei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNucleases cleave the phosphodiester bonds of nucleic acids and may be endo or exo, DNase or RNase, topoisomerases, recombinases, ribozymes, or RNA splicing enzymes. In this review, I survey nuclease activities with known structures and catalytic machinery and classify them by reaction mechanism and metal-ion dependence and by their biological function ranging from DNA replication, recombination, repair, RNA maturation, processing, interference, to defense, nutrient regeneration or cell death. Several general principles emerge from this analysis. There is little correlation between catalytic mechanism and biological function. A single catalytic mechanism can be adapted in a variety of reactions and biological pathways. Conversely, a single biological process can often be accomplished by multiple tertiary and quaternary folds and by more than one catalytic mechanism. Two-metal-ion-dependent nucleases comprise the largest number of different tertiary folds and mediate the most diverse set of biological functions. Metal-ion-dependent cleavage is exclusively associated with exonucleases producing mononucleotides and endonucleases that cleave double- or single-stranded substrates in helical and base-stacked conformations. All metal-ion-independent RNases generate 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate products, and all metal-ion-independent DNases form phospho-protein intermediates. I also find several previously unnoted relationships between different nucleases and shared catalytic configurations.
The incidence of hepatitis E virus infection in the general population of the USA
Authors: FARAMAWI M. F. , JOHNSON E. , CHEN S. , PANNALA P. R. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is as an emerging disease of global importance because it is one of the major causes of acute hepatitis worldwide. There are few reports on the incidence of HEV in the USA. For better assessing the burden of primary HEV infection as well as understanding the epidemiology of HEV in the US population this analysis was conducted to estimate the force of infection of HEV in the USA. HEV force of infection in the general US population was calculated using catalytic models as cumulative markers of past infection from HEV seroprevalence data from the NHANES Survey. In the US population the force of infection was seven infections per 1000 susceptible persons per year. This study shows that in the USA HEV can be acquired locally and from developing countries. HEV is circulating more frequently in the non-Hispanic White racial/ethnic group and those who consume fish more frequently.
Nutritional adequacy of three dietary patterns defined by cluster analysis in 997 pregnant Japanese women: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study
Authors: Okubo Hitomi , Miyake Yoshihiro , Sasaki Satoshi , Tanaka Keiko , Murakami Kentaro , Hirota Yoshio ,   Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study Group
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the adequacy and inadequacy of dietary patterns in pregnant women for which information is absolutely lacking.DesignDiet was assessed by a validated, self-administered diet history questionnaire (DHQ). Dietary patterns were extracted from the intake of thirty-three food groups (g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal)), which were summarized from 147 foods assessed with the DHQ, by cluster analysis. Nutritional inadequacy for selected twenty nutrients in each dietary pattern was examined using the reference values given in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for Japanese as the temporal gold standard.SettingJapan.SubjectsNine hundred and ninety-seven pregnant Japanese women aged 18–43 years.ResultsThe three dietary patterns identified were labelled as ‘meat and eggs’ (n423), ‘wheat products’ (n371) and ‘rice, fish and vegetables’ (n203). The ‘rice, fish and vegetables’ pattern characterized by high intake of rice, vegetables, potatoes, pulses, fruits, seaweed, fish and miso soup showed significantly the lowest prevalence of inadequate intake for fifteen nutrients and significantly the highest prevalence of inadequate sodium intake. In contrast, the ‘wheat products’ pattern characterized by high intake of bread, noodles, confectioneries and soft drinks showed the highest prevalence of inadequate intake for fourteen nutrients. The median number of nutrients not meeting the DRI as a marker of overall nutritional inadequacy was eight in the ‘rice, fish and vegetables’ pattern. It was significantly lower at ten in the ‘meat and eggs’ and eleven in the ‘wheat products’ patterns (P< 0·001).ConclusionsIn pregnant Japanese women, the dietary pattern high in rice, fish, vegetables, fruit and some others showed a better profile of nutritional adequacy except for sodium.
Receiver-operating characteristics of adiposity for metabolic syndrome: the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study
Authors: Beydoun May A , Fanelli Kuczmarski Marie T , Wang Youfa , Mason Marc A , Evans Michele K , Zonderman Alan B 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the predictive values of various adiposity indices for metabolic syndrome (MetS) among adults using baseline data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) cohort.DesignIn a cross-sectional study, BMI, waist circumference (WC), body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and metabolic risk factors such as TAG, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin, uric acid and C-reactive protein were measured. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression analyses were conducted.SettingBaltimore, Maryland.SubjectsWhite and African-American US adults (n 1981), aged 30–64 years.ResultsIn predicting risk of MetS using obesity-independent National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, percentage total body fat mass (TtFM) assessed using DEXA measuring overall adiposity had no added value over WC. This was true among both men (area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0·680 v. 0·733 for TtFM and WC, respectively; P < 0·05) and women (AUC = 0·581 v. 0·686). Percentage rib fat mass (RbFM) was superior to TtFM only in women for MetS (AUC = 0·701 and 0·581 for RbFM and TtFM, respectively; P < 0·05), particularly among African-American women. Elevated percentage leg fat mass (LgFM) was protective against MetS among African-American men. Among white men, BMI was inferior to WC in predicting MetS. Optimal WC cut-off points varied across ethnic–sex groups and differed from those recommended by the National Institutes of Health/North American Association for the Study of Obesity.ConclusionsThe study provides evidence that WC is among the most powerful tools to predict MetS, and that optimal cut-off points for various indices including WC may differ by sex and race.
THE ACTION OF HECKE OPERATORS ON HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: MOLL VICTOR H. , ROBINS SINAI , SOODHALTER KIRK 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe study the action of the Hecke operators Un on the set of hypergeometric functions, as well as on formal power series. We show that the spectrum of these operators on the set of hypergeometric functions is the set {na:n∈ℕ,a∈ℤ}, and that the polylogarithms play an important role in the study of the eigenfunctions of the Hecke operators Un on the set of hypergeometric functions. As a corollary of our results on simultaneous eigenfunctions, we also obtain an apparently unrelated result regarding the behavior of completely multiplicative hypergeometric coefficients.
Carbohydrate-response-element-binding protein (ChREBP) and not the liver X receptor α (LXRα) mediates elevated hepatic lipogenic gene expression in a mouse model of glycogen storage disease type 1
Authors: Grefhorst Aldo , Schreurs Marijke , Oosterveer Maaike H. , Cortés Victor A. , Havinga Rick , Herling Andreas W. , Reijngoud Dirk-Jan , Groen Albert K. , Kuipers Folkert 
Published: September 2010

GSD-1 (glycogen storage disease type 1) is caused by an inherited defect in glucose-6-phosphatase activity, resulting in a massive accumulation of hepatic glycogen content and an induction of de novo lipogenesis. The chlorogenic acid derivative S4048 is a pharmacological inhibitor of the glucose 6-phosphate transporter, which is part of glucose-6-phosphatase, and allows for mechanistic studies concerning metabolic defects in GSD-1. Treatment of mice with S4048 resulted in an ~60% reduction in blood glucose, increased hepatic glycogen and triacylglycerol (triglyceride) content, and a markedly enhanced hepatic lipogenic gene expression. In mammals, hepatic expression of lipogenic genes is regulated by the co-ordinated action of the transcription factors SREBP (sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein)-1c, LXRα (liver X receptor α) and ChREBP (carbohydrate-response-element-binding protein). Treatment of Lxra−/− mice and Chrebp−/− mice with S4048 demonstrated that ChREBP, but not LXRα, mediates the induction of hepatic lipogenic gene expression in this murine model of GSD-1. Thus ChREBP is an attractive target to alleviate derangements in lipid metabolism observed in patients with GSD-1.
PARTICLE–GAS DYNAMICS WITH ATHENA: METHOD AND
CONVERGENCE
Authors: Bai Xue-Ning , Stone James M. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT
The Athena magnetohydrodynamics code has been extended to integrate the motion of
particles coupled with the gas via aerodynamic drag in order to study the
dynamics of gas and solids in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) and the formation of
planetesimals. Our particle–gas hybrid scheme is based on a second-order
predictor–corrector method. Careful treatment of the momentum feedback on the
gas guarantees exact conservation. The hybrid scheme is stable and convergent in
most regimes relevant to PPDs. We describe a semi-implicit integrator
generalized from the leap-frog approach. In the absence of drag force, it
preserves the geometric properties of a particle orbit. We also present a fully
implicit integrator that is unconditionally stable for all regimes of
particle–gas coupling. Using our hybrid code, we study the numerical convergence
of the nonlinear saturated state of the streaming instability. We find that gas
flow properties are well converged with modest grid resolution (128 cells per
pressure length ηr for dimensionless stopping time
τ
s
= 0.1) and an equal number of particles
and grid cells. On the other hand, particle clumping properties converge only at
higher resolutions, and finer resolution leads to stronger clumping before
convergence is reached. Finally, we find that the measurement of particle
transport properties resulted from the streaming instability may be subject to
error of about ±20%.
Bed‐rest post‐femoral arterial sheath removal – What is safe practice? A clinical audit
Authors: Tagney Jenny , Lackie Dawna 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNumbers of patients undergoing coronary angiography and angioplasty procedures have increased in England due to targets within the National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease. Little evidence is available regarding optimal bed‐rest duration for patients post‐femoral arterial sheath removal following these procedures. Through literature review and clinical benchmarking, we aimed to identify what best practice was in the UK and whether bed rest times at our centre could be reduced without increasing complications to enable increased day case procedures. An audit tool was designed to collect data regarding method of obtaining haemostasis, length of bed‐rest post‐sheath removal and any post‐procedural complications experienced by the patient. From a convenience sample of consecutive patients, 195 complete sets of baseline data revealed an average (median) period of 6‐h bed rest. This was reduced to 3 h and audit repeated yielding 176 complete data sets using the same audit tool. Femoral wound site complication rates were not significantly affected by reducing bed‐rest time for diagnostic or interventional procedures. These findings contributed to an important change in practice, reducing length of stay post‐procedure and should be re‐explored due to increased use of femoral arterial closure devices.