bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning Valence Tautomerism in Dinuclear Cobalt Complexes by Modulating Communication in the Bridging Ligand
Authors: Janetzki Jett T. , Gransbury Gemma K. , Gable Robert W. , Giansiracusa Marcus J. , Starikova Alyona A. , Boskovic Colette 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe capability of bis(dioxolene) ligands to access multiple redox states makes them ideal candidates to tune the electronic properties of metal complexes, for example to achieve valence tautomerism (VT). In this study, a family of dinuclear cobalt complexes have been isolated with the bridging bis(dioxolene) thean− ligand in the cat2−‐cat2−, cat2−‐SQ⋅− and SQ⋅−‐SQ⋅− states (cat2−=catecholate, SQ⋅−=semiquinonate): [{CoIII(tpa)}2(theacat−cat)](PF6)2 (1), [{CoIII(tpa)}2(theacat−SQ)](PF6)3 (2), and [{CoIII(tpa)}2(theaSQ−SQ)](PF6)4 (3) (theaH4=2,3,6,7‐tetrahydroxy‐9,10‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydro‐9,10‐ethanoanthracene, tpa=tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine). Multi‐technique analysis confirms that 1, 2 and 3 adopt low spin‐CoIII containing {CoIII‐cat‐cat‐CoIII}, {CoIII‐cat‐SQ‐CoIII} and {CoIII‐SQ‐SQ‐CoIII} states, respectively. Compound 1 undergoes thermally‐induced {CoIII‐cat‐cat‐CoIII} ⇌ {CoIII‐cat‐SQ‐CoII} VT in the solid‐ and solution‐states above 300 K, involving high spin‐CoII. This interconversion is contrary to expectations, as tpa typically stabilizes low spin‐CoIII‐catecholate. Compound 2 is mixed‐valence class II/II–III, indicating a localized electronic structure, with electron transfer faster than the EPR and solvent rearrangement timescales, but slower than the infrared timescale. Compound 3 exhibits strong antiferromagnetic exchange. The overlap between the dioxolene π‐orbitals in thean− increases the accessibility of the cat2−‐SQ⋅− state, resulting in VT for 1. This study demonstrates that thean− can be isolated in multiple oxidation states in metal complexes, which is promising for applications in magnetic materials.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Alkynylation of Carbazoles with Alkynyl Bromides
Authors: Dharaniyedath Jyothis , Kumar Vikash , Gandeepan Parthasarathy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCarbazole derivatives are vital in medicinal and materials chemistry, yet accessing diverse substitutions remains challenging. Here, we introduce a regioselective approach for C1 and C8 alkynylation of carbazoles via palladium‐catalyzed C−H activation. This method provides a direct route to mono‐ and di‐alkynylated derivatives, addressing the scarcity of alkynylated carbazole‐based materials. Our study broadens the synthetic toolbox for carbazole functionalization, offering potential applications in optoelectronics, bio‐imaging, and beyond, while contributing to developing sustainable C−H activation methodologies.
Metabolic, cardiovascular, neuromuscular and perceptual responses to repeated military‐specific load carriage treadmill simulations
Authors: Vine Christopher A. J. , Coakley Sarah L. , Blacker Sam D. , Runswick Oliver R. , Myers Stephen D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBouts of military load carriage are rarely completed in isolation; however, limited research has investigated the physiological responses to repeated load carriage tasks. Twelve civilian men (age, 28 ± 8 years; stature, 185.6 ± 5.8 cm; body mass 84.3 ± 11.1 kg and maximal oxygen uptake, 51.5 ± 6.4 mL·kg−1 min−1) attended the laboratory on two occasions to undertake a familiarisation and an experimental session. Following their familiarisation session, participants completed three bouts of a fast load carriage protocol (FLCP; ∼65 min), carrying 25 kg, interspersed with a 65‐min recovery period. Physiological strain (oxygen uptake [V̇O2] and heart rate [HR]) was assessed during the FLCP bouts, and physical performance assessments (weighted counter‐movement jump [wCMJ], maximal isometric voluntary contraction of the quadriceps [MIVC] and seated medicine ball throw [SMBT]) was measured pre and post each FLCP bout. A main effect for bout and measurement time was evident for V̇O2 and HR (both p < 0.001 and Ѡ2 = 0.103–0.816). There was no likely change in SMBT distance (p = 0.201 and Ѡ2 = 0.004), but MIVC peak force reduced by approximately 25% across measurement points (p < 0.001 and Ѡ2 = 0.133). A mean percentage change of approximately −12% from initial values was also evident for peak wCMJ height (p = 0.001 and Ѡ2 = 0.028). Collectively, these data demonstrate that repeated FLCP bouts result in an elevated physiological strain for each successive bout, along with a substantial reduction in lower body power (wCMJ and MIVC). Therefore, future research should investigate possible mitigation strategies to maintain role‐related capability.
Characteristics of malignant brain tumor‐associated epileptic spasms
Authors: Yamada Naoki , Kuki Ichiro , Fukuoka Masataka , Nukui Megumi , Inoue Takeshi , Umaba Ryoko , Kunihiro Noritsugu , Yamasaki Kai , Uda Takehiro , Fujisaki Hiroyuki , Okazaki Shin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough epilepsy is the most common comorbidity of brain tumors, epileptic spasms rarely occur. Brain tumors associated with epileptic spasms are mostly low‐grade gliomas. To date, few studies in the literature have reported on malignant (Grades 3–4) brain tumors associated with epileptic spasms. Thus, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of malignant brain tumor‐associated epileptic spasms. We retrospectively reviewed patients with malignant brain tumors and epileptic spasms in our institution. Data on demographics, tumor histology, magnetic resonance imaging, epileptic spasm characteristics, electroencephalography, and treatment responsiveness were also collected. Six patients were included. In all cases, the brain tumors occurred in infancy in the supratentorial region and epileptic spasm onset occurred after the completion of brain tumor treatment. Anti‐seizure medication did not control epileptic spasms; two patients were seizure‐free after epileptic surgery. Although all patients had developmental delays caused by malignant brain tumors and their treatment, developmental regression proceeded after epileptic spasm onset. Two patients who achieved seizure‐free status showed improved developmental outcomes after cessation of epileptic spasms. This is the first report of the characteristics of malignant brain tumor‐associated epileptic spasms. Our report highlights a difficulties of seizure control and possibillity of efficacy of epileptic surgery in this condition. In malignant brain tumor‐associated epileptic spasms, it is important to proceed with presurgical evaluation from an early stage, bearing in mind that epileptic spasms may become drug‐resistant.
Dynamic characteristics of the tip leakage vortex in an oil–gas multiphase pump based on vorticity decomposition theory
Authors: Shi Guangtai , Sun Guodong , Wang Qingfang , Quan Hui , Huang Zongliu , Wen Haigang , Hao Zhengkai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe paper combines experimental and numerical simulation methods to investigate the tip leakage vortex (TLV) in an oil–gas multiphase pump. The study aims to understand the evolution and dynamic characteristics of the TLV. The vorticity decomposition theory is used to analyze the spatial–temporal evolution, transient behavior, and rigid vorticity of the TLV. The findings reveal that the TLV is formed near the pressure surface when the tip clearance jet passes through the shear layer. In one impeller rotation period, transient fluctuations of the TLV are attributed to pressure differences and velocity changes across the tip clearance, and the TLV undergoes two split–dissipation–recurrence processes within one impeller rotation cycle. The presence of the gas phase enhances the scale and strength of the TLV while prolonging its existence in the flow channel. Analysis based on the rigid vorticity transport equation shows that the growth of the TLV and collapse are primarily governed by the rigid vortex generation term. The Coriolis force term contributes to stabilizing the TLV, while the rigid vorticity stretching term affects its shape. Furthermore, the gas phase significantly increases the value of the Rigid vorticity Curl of pseudo‐Lamb vector Term (RCT), which plays a crucial role in the prolonged existence of the TLV under gas–liquid two‐phase conditions. From an inlet gas void fraction of 0%–20%, the RCT value increases by 4.8 × 106/s2, the entropy production value increases by 75.55%, and the hydraulic efficiency decreases by 16.29%.
Evaluation of Short-Term Mussel Test for Estimating Toxicity
Authors: Wang Ning , Kunz James L. , Ivey Christopher D. , Cleveland Danielle , Steevens Jeffery A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Effect concentrations of ammonia, nickel, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride from short-term 7-day tests were compared to those from standard chronic 28-day toxicity tests with juvenile mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) to evaluate the sensitivities of the 7-day tests. The effect concentrations for nickel (59 µg Ni/L), chloride (316–519 mg Cl/L, a range from multiple tests), and potassium (15 mg K/L) obtained from the 7-day tests were within a range of effect concentrations for each corresponding chemical in the 28-day tests (41–91 µg Ni/L, 251–&gt;676 mg Cl/L, 15–23 mg K/L), whereas the 7-day ammonia effect concentration (0.40 mg/L total ammonia nitrogen; TAN) was up to 3.3-fold greater than the 28-day effect concentrations (0.12–0.36 mg TAN/L) but with overlapped 95% confidence limits. These results indicate that the 7-day tests produced similar estimates compared to the 28-day tests. Further studies are needed to evaluate the 7-day test sensitivity using additional chemicals with different modes of toxic action. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2020–2025. Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A decolonial‐inspired ethnography: Centering indigeneity in culturally responsive evaluation with Latinx immigrant communities
Authors: Espinoza‐Kulick Mario Alberto Viveros 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article elaborates on the struggle to decolonize knowledge and introduces a decolonial‐inspired framework for conducting research. This is then demonstrated through the example of a project examining Latinx immigrant and Indigenous Health on California's Central Coast. In this case, a mixed‐methods ethnographic approach was used to capture the complexity of migrant experiences. Utilizing participant observation, interviews, focus groups, news data analysis, and a comprehensive survey, the study integrated community input and reflexivity. The article emphasizes linguistic and cultural factors, showcasing how structural factors of race and Indigeneity impact the dynamics of evaluation methods. The decolonial‐inspired approach also emphasizes making research useful by guiding the dissemination of findings in a way that fosters transparency and accountability. In this case, the study engages with policymakers and community leaders advocating for health equity and justice.
Crop species diversity: A key strategy for sustainable food system transformation and climate resilience
Authors: Zuza Emmanuel Junior , Lambert Kestrel , Macmillan Tom , Chiyemura Frangton , Araya Yoseph , Bowskill Vicky , Oluseye Ayomide , Ng’endo Kanui Mary , Keding Gudrun , Butler Gillian , Breman Elinor , King Israel Oliver , Matumba Limbikani , Heddenhausen Jessica , Nordin Stacia , Bhagwat Shonil 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe global food system's reliance on a few species threatens food and nutritional security. Species diversification, including indigenous species, is a viable option to address this issue. Diversity enhances food systems' resilience against climatic and economic shocks. It offers resources for improved breeds and allows farmers to mitigate risks. However, successful diversification demands collaboration among farmers, researchers, academics, professionals, retailers, consumers, and policymakers. This review analyzes the role of crop species diversity in food system transformation, focusing on monoculture vulnerabilities, diversification benefits, indigenous species' role in nutrition and food security, and the importance of integrated policies and multi‐stakeholder collaborations. We advocate for interdisciplinary research, participatory approaches, and supportive policies to foster diverse, resilient food systems that ensure food security, biodiversity conservation, and enhanced social well‐being amidst global challenges. While acknowledging the importance of diversity in animal species for food security, the focus of this review is on crop species diversity and its potential to transform food systems.
Functional volatility forecasting
Authors: Tan Yingwen , Tan Zhensi , Tang Yinfen , Zhang Zhiyuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWidely used volatility forecasting methods are usually based on low‐frequency time series models. Although some of them employ high‐frequency observations, these intraday data are often summarized into low‐frequency point statistics, for example, daily realized measures, before being incorporated into a forecasting model. This paper contributes to the volatility forecasting literature by instead predicting the next‐period intraday volatility curve via a functional time series forecasting approach. Asymptotic theory related to the estimation of latent volatility curves via functional principal analysis is formally established, laying a solid theoretical foundation of the proposed forecasting method. In contrast with nonfunctional methods, the proposed functional approach fully exploits the rich intraday information and hence leads to more accurate volatility forecasts. This is confirmed by extensive comparisons between the proposed method and those widely used nonfunctional methods in both Monte Carlo simulations and an empirical study on a number of stocks and equity indices from the Chinese market.
Structure and regulatory mechanisms of food‐derived peptides in inflammatory bowel disease: A review
Authors: Qiu Wenpei , Wang Zhicheng , Liu Qirui , Du Qiwei , Zeng Xiaoqun , Wu Zhen , Pan Daodong , Zhang Xiaohong , Tu Maolin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe number of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide. Since IBD is a chronic disease that seriously affects patients' life quality, preventing and alleviating IBD with natural and less side effect substances has become a research hotspot. Food‐derived bioactive peptides have been an attractive research focus due to their high efficiency and low toxicity. This paper comprehensively summarizes food‐derived peptides with intestinal health effects, focusing on peptide sequences with IBD‐regulatory effects and emphasizing the effects of their structure and physicochemical properties such as peptide length, amino acid composition, and net charge on their function. We also analyzed its regulatory mechanisms, mainly in 5 aspects: modulating the intestinal microbiota, decreasing intestinal epithelial permeability, increasing antioxidant ability, regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and targeting signaling pathways. This review will help establish novel, efficient screening methods for IBD‐regulatory peptides and contribute to further research and discovery of them.
Guidance on assessing the potential impacts of selenium in freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Palace Vince , Graves Stephanie , Brandt Jessica 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Despite decades of fate and effects studies, environmental selenium (Se) contamination and management remain an issue for many freshwater systems in North America. Several regulatory bodies have promulgated updated targets or management levels for Se; however, additional guidance on best practices for monitoring Se to protect freshwater aquatic life is warranted. In this article, we describe current approaches to assessing the ecological risks of Se in impaired freshwater systems and outline recommended methods for collecting and analyzing biological and abiotic samples and interpreting data. Because reproductive impairment of fish populations is most commonly used to determine the potential impacts of Se, several biological factors that could affect Se toxicity are explored, including diet, trophic positions, reproductive biology, body size and maturity, migratory movements, and use of seasonal habitats. Measuring Se concentrations in mature eggs is the most reliable metric for estimating potential reproductive impairment in fish populations because the range of toxicity thresholds is relatively narrow for all but a few tolerant fish species. In situations where collecting mature eggs is not feasible, we review the use of alternative fish tissue for estimating potential effects. Factors affecting Se uptake from freshwater are also considered with guidance on collecting abiotic (e.g., water and sediment) and biotic components of aquatic food webs (e.g., macroinvertebrates, biofilm).
Exosomes from adipose‐derived stem cells regulate macrophage polarization and accelerate diabetic wound healing via the circ‐Rps5/miR‐124‐3p axis
Authors: Yin Dongjing , Shen Guoliang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) hold promising application prospects in the treatment of diabetic wounds, although the underlying mechanisms of repair have not been fully elucidated. This research aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which ADSCs promote wound healing.MethodsExosomes from ADSCs were isolated and circRps5 level was identified. To investigate the role of circRps5 in the regulation, exosomes from differently treated ADSCs were used. Different exosomes were injected into the edge of the wound in diabetic mice, and the effects on wound healing status, pathology, collagen, cytokines, and macrophage phenotype were assessed. Raw264.7 cells were co‐treated with high glucose and exosomes, and then cell phenotype and autophagy were examined in vitro, followed by the evaluation of miR‐124‐3p's impact on cell phenotype.ResultsExosomes from ADSCs were isolated and identified using nanoparticle tracking analysis and exosome markers. Overexpression of circRps5 accelerated wound healing, reduced inflammatory response, enhanced collagen production, and promoted the M2 transformation of macrophages. In high glucose‐induced macrophages, its overexpression also inhibited excessive autophagy. When macrophages overexpressed miR‐124‐3p, the induction of the M2 phenotype was suppressed. Luciferase reporter assay proved the combination of circRps5 and miR‐124‐3p.ConclusionThis study identifies that circRps5 carried by ADSC‐Exos promotes macrophage M2 polarization through miR‐124‐3p. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanism of ADSC‐Exos for treating refractory diabetic wounds, laying a solid theoretical groundwork for future clinical development.
Succinate coenzyme A ligase β‐like protein from Trichinella spiralis is a potential therapeutic molecule for allergic asthma
Authors: Aimulajiang Kalibixiati , Chu Wen , Liao Shuyi , Wen Zhaohai , He Rongdong , Lu Mingmin , Xu Lixin , Song Xiaokai , Li Xiangrui , Yan Ruofeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundFor decades, studies have demonstrated the anti‐inflammatory potential of proteins secreted by helminths in allergies and asthma. Previous studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory capabilities of Succinate Coenzyme A ligase beta‐like protein (SUCLA‐β) derived from Trichinella spiralis, a crucial excretory product of this parasite.ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic potential of SUCLA‐β in alleviating and controlling ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced allergic asthma, as well as its influence on host immune modulation.MethodsIn this research, we utilized the rTs‐SUCLA‐β protein derived from T. spiralis to investigate its potential in mitigating airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma induced by OVA sensitization/stimulation, both pre‐ and post‐challenge. The treatment's efficacy was assessed by quantifying the extent of inflammation in the lungs.ResultsTreatment with rTs‐SUCLA‐β demonstrated efficacy in ameliorating OVA‐induced airway inflammation, as evidenced by a reduction in eosinophil infiltration, levels of OVA‐specific Immunoglobulin E, interferon‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐9, and IL‐17A, along with an elevation in IL‐10. The equilibrium between Th17 and Treg cells plays a pivotal role in modulating the abundance of inflammatory cells within the organism, thereby ameliorating inflammation and alleviating symptoms associated with allergic asthma.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceOur data revealed that T. spiralis‐derived Ts‐SUCLA‐β protein may inhibit the allergic airway inflammation by regulating host immune responses.
Unveiling therapeutic potentials and exploring maternal‐fetal health benefits of metformin in pregnancy: A scoping review
Authors: Neola Daniele , Angelino Antonio , Sirico Angelo , Murolo Chiara , Bartolini Giorgia , Vigilante Luigi , Raffone Antonio , Carbone Luigi , Sarno Laura , Saccone Gabriele , Guida Maurizio , Maruotti Giuseppe Maria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis scoping review synthesizes evidence on metformin's use during pregnancy, encompassing diverse conditions like gestational diabetes, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and obesity. Metformin demonstrates comparable efficacy to insulin in gestational diabetes, positive outcomes in type 2 diabetes pregnancies, and potential benefits in reducing complications. The review highlights nuances in its effects across conditions, indicating advantages such as reduced risk of macrosomia and cesarean section in gestational diabetes. However, its prophylactic role in preventing gestational diabetes and associated complications remains inconclusive. In obese pregnant women, mixed results are observed, with potential benefits in reducing pre‐eclampsia risk. Metformin shows promise in preventing preterm birth and late miscarriage in PCOS pregnancies. Categorizing patient subgroups is crucial for identifying advantages, especially in gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Challenges arise from study heterogeneity, necessitating standardized indications for dosage, timing, and postpartum follow ups. Efforts to identify patient characteristics influencing metformin efficacy are crucial for tailored therapy. Although metformin emerges as a viable option in complicated pregnancies, comprehensive research, standardized protocols, and subgroup identification efforts will enhance clinical utility, ensuring evidence‐based therapies and optimal maternal and fetal outcomes. Bridging existing knowledge gaps remains imperative for advancing metformin's role in pregnancy management.