bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in 17 obstetric care pathways: potential danger for health professionals and patient safety?
Authors: Sarrechia Mirella , Van Gerven Eva , Hermans Lien , Deneckere Svin , Sermeus Walter , Panella Massimiliano , Spitz Bernard , Vanhaecht Kris 
Published: April 2012

Sarrechia M., Van Gerven E., Hermans L., Deneckere S., Sermeus W., Panella M., Spitz B. & Vanhaecht K. (2012) Variation in 17 obstetric care pathways: potential danger for health professionals and patient safety?. Journal of Advanced Nursing69(2), 278–285. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2648.2012.06004.xAbstractAim.  To report a study to determine whether or not variations exist in evidence‐based key interventions in pathway documents for normal delivery across hospitals.Background.  Care pathways are used worldwide to standardize and follow up patient‐focused care. Minimal variations in pathway documents increase standardization and patient safety.Design.  A descriptive study design using qualitative methods was used, to examine the various key interventions present in care pathway documents for normal delivery.Methods.  Between January–March 2009, we evaluated the content of the care pathway document for normal delivery from 17 different hospitals. The key interventions in these pathways were compared with the 40 evidence‐based key interventions of Map of Medicine®.Results.  There was much variation in the characteristics and the presence of key interventions in the pathway documents. Only 6 of the 40 evidence‐based key interventions (15%) were found in all 17 pathway documents and 20 of the 40 interventions (50%) were found in only 10 pathway documents.Conclusion.  If variation already exists among the care pathway documents, this may lead to a high probability of variation in the actual performance of daily care. In this study is shown that, even for highly predictable medical conditions, there are huge differences in the evidence‐based content and structure of pathways. Lack of evidence base could potentially endanger both patient safety and the health professional.
A direct and quantitative image of the internal nanostructure of nonordered porous monolithic carbon using FIB nanotomography
Authors: BALACH J. , MIGUEL F. , SOLDERA F. , ACEVEDO D.F. , MÜCKLICH F. , BARBERO C.A. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryA direct study of the shape, size and connectivity of nonordered pores in carbon materials is particularly challenging. A new method that allows direct three‐dimensional (3D) investigations of mesopores in monolithic carbon materials and quantitative characterization of their physical properties (surface area and pore size distribution) is reported. Focused ion beam (FIB) nanotomography technique is performed by combination of focused ion beam and scanning electron microscope. Porous monolithic carbon is produced by carbonization of a resorcinol‐formaldehyde gel in the presence of a cationic polyelectrolyte as a pore stabilizer.
The use of mechanical restraint in mental health: a catalyst for change?
Authors: CARR P. G. 
Published: April 2012

Accessible summary
The use of mechanical restraint in mental health settings has long been fraught with legal and ethical concerns. Despite prevalent use in other countries, in the UK, devices are rarely used outside of the high secure estate. However, use as a last resort is acknowledged by Mental Health Act legislation and by the Care Quality Commission.
As with other containment strategies (such as physical and chemical restraint) there is a paucity of evidence supporting efficacy. Limited guidance exists to support practice, although the British Institute of Learning Disabilities offer excellent guidance.
My experience shows that in the right circumstances, mechanical restraint can not only be a viable last resort option with positive outcomes for the patient, but also a self‐advocated treatment option in life‐threatening circumstances.
AbstractThe Care Quality Commission recently acknowledged the use of mechanical restraint/s as an intervention for the management of self‐harm. I implemented the use of mechanical restraint for a female patient in life‐threatening circumstances. This involved an exploration of the defining characteristics as well as the history and ethics of mechanical restraint. Informed consent and examining the legal, ethical and organizational frameworks supporting the use of this intervention in the clinical setting were critical to implementation. Ultimately the outcome not only proved to be life saving, but also a ‘catalyst for change’.
Comparison of continuous infusion with intermittent bolus administration of cefotaxime on blood and cavity fluid drug concentrations in neonatal foals
Authors: HEWSON J. , JOHNSON R. , ARROYO L. G. , DIAZ‐MENDEZ A. , RUIZ‐LÓPEZ J. A. , GU Y. , Del CASTILLO J. R. E. 
Published: April 2012

Hewson, J., Johnson, R., Arroyo, L. G., Diaz‐Mendez, A., Ruiz‐López, J. A., Gu, Y., del Castillo, J. R. E. Comparison of continuous infusion with intermittent bolus administration of cefotaxime on blood and cavity fluid drug concentrations in neonatal foals.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 36, 68–77.Healthy neonatal foals were treated with cefotaxime by bolus (40 mg/kg IV q6h for 12 doses;n = 10) or by infusion (loading dose of 40 mg/kg IV followed by continuous infusion of a total daily dose of 160 mg/kg per 24 h for 3 days;n = 5). Population pharmacokinetics was determined, and concentrations in cavity fluids were measured at steady state (72 h). Highest measured serum drug concentration in the bolus group was 88.09 μg/mL and minimum drug concentration (Cmin) was 0.78 μg/mL at 6‐h postadministration (immediately before each next dose), whereas infusion resulted in a steady‐state concentration of 16.10 μg/mL in the infusion group. Mean cefotaxime concentration in joint fluid at 72 h was higher (P = 0.051) in the infusion group (5.02 μg/mL) compared to the bolus group (0.78 μg/mL). Drug concentration in CSF at 72 h was not different between groups (P = 0.243) and was substantially lower than serum concentrations in either group. Insufficient data on pulmonary epithelial lining fluid were available to compare the methods of administration for cefotaxime in this cavity fluid. Results support continuous drug infusion over bolus dosing in the treatment for neonatal foal septicemia to optimize time that cefotaxime concentration exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration of common equine pathogens.
Aspergillus nidulans CkiA is an essential casein kinase I required for delivery of amino acid transporters to the plasma membrane
Authors: Apostolaki Angeliki , Harispe Laura , Calcagno‐Pizarelli Ana María , Vangelatos Ioannis , Sophianopoulou Vicky , Arst Jr Herbert N. , Peñalva Miguel Angel , Amillis Sotiris , Scazzocchio Claudio 
Published: April 2012

SummaryType I casein kinases are highly conserved among Eukaryotes. Of the two Aspergillus nidulans casein kinases I, CkiA is related to the δ/ε mammalian kinases and to Saccharomyces cerevisiæ Hrr25p. CkiA is essential. Three recessive ckiA mutations leading to single residue substitutions, and downregulation using a repressible promoter, result in partial loss‐of‐function, which leads to a pleiotropic defect in amino acid utilization and resistance to toxic amino acid analogues. These phenotypes correlate with miss‐routing of the YAT plasma membrane transporters AgtA (glutamate) and PrnB (proline) to the vacuole under conditions that, in the wild type, result in their delivery to the plasma membrane. Miss‐routing to the vacuole and subsequent transporter degradation results in a major deficiency in the uptake of the corresponding amino acids that underlies the inability of the mutant strains to catabolize them. Our findings may have important implications for understanding how CkiA, Hrr25p and other fungal orthologues regulate the directionality of transport at the ER‐Golgi interface.
Red chlorophyll: the new barium?
Authors: Hennig G. W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractImaging of gastrointestinal (GI) motility remotely through the abdominal wall has always been a tradeoff between resolution and invasiveness. Skin reflects and/or absorbs wavelengths of radiation in the ultraviolet and visible ranges, but is largely transparent to both high‐energy radiation (Gamma to X‐rays; <0.1–10 nm) and low‐energy radiation (infrared to radio waves; 700 nm–10 m). Imaging using short wavelength radiation such as X‐ray cinematography has excellent spatial and temporal resolution, but ionization can produce acute and long‐term deleterious effects to the patient or animal. Other ‘slice‐based’ imaging techniques such as ultrasound/MRI/CT minimize tissue damage, but are limited in the planar area that can be imaged in a timely fashion. This viewpoint article will summarize and explore the implications of recent advances in infrared imaging of the GI tract, in particular, an article published in this issue of NGM entitled ‘In vivo dynamic imaging of intestinal motions using diet‐related autofluorescence’ in which the authors have used infrared imaging in combination with that most elusive ingredient, standard mouse chow, to capture the motions of the mouse GI tract.
Vanishing bronchus intermedius syndrome in a pediatric patient with cystic fibrosis after lung transplantation
Authors: Hayes, Jr. Don , Mansour Heidi M. 
Published: April 2012

Hayes D Jr, Mansour HM. Vanishing bronchus intermedius syndrome in a pediatric patient with cystic fibrosis after lung transplantation.Abstract:  Airway complications occur frequently after lung transplantation. Bronchial stenosis is the most frequently encountered complication with the most severe form of that being the vanishing bronchus intermedius syndrome (VBIS). This rare disorder has never been reported in the pediatric population. This is the first report of VBIS in a pediatric patient, specifically a 16‐yr‐old male patient with cystic fibrosis whose course was complicated by a lower airway infection with Aspergillus fumigatus. The VBIS responded to bronchoscopic balloon dilation and placement of an airway stent.
Chronic diarrhea, ascites, and protein‐losing enteropathy in an infant with hepatic venous outflow obstruction after liver transplantation
Authors: Hourigan S. K. , Anders R. A. , Mitchell S. E. , Schwarz K. B. , Lau H. , Karnsakul W. 
Published: April 2012

Hourigan SK, Anders RA, Mitchell SE, Schwarz KB, Lau H, Karnsakul W. Chronic diarrhea, ascites, and protein‐losing enteropathy in an infant with hepatic venous outflow obstruction after liver transplantation.Abstract:  An 18‐month‐old female status post‐orthotopic liver transplant for biliary atresia presented nine months after transplant with severe diarrhea and intolerance of feeds. She was found to have a PLE as evidenced by a low serum albumin and a persistent elevation of fecal A1AT. Investigation eventually revealed that the cause of the PLE was a stricture at the anastomosis site between the hepatic vein and inferior cava, supported by resolution of the PLE after venoplasty of the stricture. The patient has subsequently required several repeat venoplasties for recurrence of her symptoms correlating with recurrence of the stricture. This is a very rare presentation of hepatic venous outflow obstruction. Moreover, normal duplex ultrasound imaging of liver vasculature and her unusual presentation led to a delay in her diagnosis highlighting the need for an increased index of suspicion.
Anthropogenic structures and the infiltration of natural benthos by invasive ascidians
Authors: Simkanin Christina , Davidson Ian C. , Dower John F. , Jamieson Glen , Therriault Thomas W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAnthropogenic habitats such as marinas and docks are focal points for marine invasions, but relatively little is known about the infiltration of nearby natural habitats by these invaders. To address infiltration by four geographically widespread ascidian invaders, we used a two‐step approach: (i) a field survey with equitable sampling in adjacent artificial and natural habitats in British Columbia, Canada, and (ii) a literature review, to infer larger scale patterns across species’ introduced global ranges. Our field survey revealed differential distribution patterns among the four ascidians recorded, with infiltration of natural rocky habitats by two species, Botrylloides violaceus and Botryllus schlosseri. We did not record Didemnum vexillum or Styela clava in natural habitats, though they were both recorded on adjacent artificial structures. Globally, these ascidian species are predominantly found associated with anthropogenic habitats including floating docks, pilings and aquaculture installations, but they have infiltrated natural habitats in some areas of their introduced range. The factors contributing to infiltration of nearby natural benthic habitats remains unclear, but determining which mechanisms are important for encouraging or hindering the establishment and spread of nonindigenous species beyond artificial structures requires survey and experimental work beyond anthropogenic habitats. Such work will aid our understanding of marine introduction dynamics, invasiveness, and associated management implications.
Interactions of spotted stem borer Chilo partellus with wild relatives of sorghum
Authors: Kamala Venkateswaran , Sharma Hari C. , Manohar Rao Daggu , Varaprasad Kodeboyina S. , Bramel Paula J. , Chandra Subhash 
Published: April 2012

With 5 tablesAbstractThe levels of resistance to spotted stem borer (Chilo partellus) in sorghum are low to moderate. We therefore evaluated wild relatives of sorghum to identify accessions with high levels of resistance to this pest and studied the mechanisms of resistance. Heterosorghum (Sorghum laxiflorum), Para‐sorghum (S. australiense, S. purpureo‐sericeum, S. versicolor, S. matarankense, S. timorense, S. brevicallosum and S. nitidum) and Stiposorghum (S. angustum, S. ecarinatum, S. extans, S. intrans, S. interjectum and S. stipoideum) showed very high levels of resistance to stem borer. Chaetosorghum (S. macrospermum), four wild races of S. bicolor subsp. verticilliflorum and S. halepense were found to be susceptible. Under no‐choice conditions, egg laying was observed on all accessions, which significantly differed among the species/accessions. Accessions belonging to Stiposorghum and Para‐sorghum (S. purpureo‐sericeum, S. versicolor and S. timorense) were significantly less preferred for oviposition than the resistant control, IS 2205. Accessions belonging to Stiposorghum showed slight leaf‐feeding, but there was no deadheart formation. Although there was some damage in Para‐sorghum, very few deadhearts were formed, and a few larvae that were recovered subsequently died. In Heterosorghum, the two accessions of S. laxiflorum were highly preferred for oviposition, and up to 82% deadhearts were recorded, but the six larvae that were recovered died within a month. Accessions belonging to Eu‐sorghum showed maximum deadhearts, larval recovery and adult emergence. The results suggested that some of the wild relatives of sorghum possess high levels of resistance to C. partellus and both antixenosis and antibiosis are major components of resistance to this pest. Accessions showing high levels of resistance to stem borer can be utilized to increase the levels and diversify the bases of resistance to this pest in sorghum.
Nematode‐induced galls in Miconia albicans: effect of host plant density and correlations with performance
Authors: VIANA LEONARDO RODRIGO , SILVEIRA FERNANDO AUGUSTO OLIVEIRA , SANTOS JEAN CARLOS , ROSA LUIZ HENRIQUE , CARES JUVENIL E. , CAFÉ‐FILHO ADALBERTO CORRÊA , FERNANDES GERALDO WILSON 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe study of nematodes parasitizing native plants plays a crucial role in understanding plant–pathogen interactions. In the present study we describe the patterns of attack by an undescribed species of Ditylenchus occurring in Miconia albicans (Melastomataceae), a widespread, native shrub from the Brazilian cerrado. We also tested the hypothesis that nematode‐induced leaf galls negatively correlate to host plant performance and that gall density is a function of host plant density. We collected paired healthy and attacked shoots from 28 individuals of M. albicans and estimated the leaf area lost to nematode‐induced galls in up to 10 leaves per shoot. We analyzed the relationships between leaf area lost to nematode galls and reproductive traits. Nematode attack levels were also compared to the spatial distribution of the host plant. Inflorescence length and fruit production were significantly reduced in attacked shoots compared with healthy shoots. Seeds from attacked shoots showed no significant reduction in germinability or germination time when compared with seeds collected from healthy shoots. Gall density was positively correlated with host density. Despite being seldom studied in tropical ecosystems, nematodes may play an important role in plant fitness and in structuring tropical communities.
Effectiveness of acute geriatric units in the real world: The case of short‐term mortality among seniors hospitalized for pneumonia
Authors: Ding Yew Yoong , Abisheganaden John , Chong Wai Fung , Heng Bee Hoon , Lim Tow Keang 
Published: April 2012

Aim:  We sought to compare the effectiveness of acute geriatric units with usual medical care in reducing short‐term mortality among seniors hospitalized for pneumonia in the real world.Methods:  In a retrospective cohort study, we merged chart and administrative data of seniors aged 65 years and older admitted to acute geriatric units and other medical units for pneumonia at three hospitals over 1 year. The outcome was 30‐day mortality. Hierarchical logistic regression modeling was carried out to estimate the treatment effect of acute geriatric units for all seniors, those aged 80 years and older, and those with premorbid ambulation impairment, after adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, and accounting for clustering around hospitals.Results:  Among 2721 seniors, 30‐day mortality was 25.5%. For those admitted to acute geriatric and other medical units, this was 24.2% and 25.8%, respectively. Using hierarchical logistic regression modeling, treatment in acute geriatric units was not associated with significant mortality reduction among all seniors (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52–1.00). However, significant mortality reduction was observed in the subgroups of those aged 80 years and older (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54–0.99), and with premorbid ambulation impairment (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46–0.93).Conclusions:  Acute geriatric units reduced short‐term mortality among seniors hospitalized for pneumonia who were aged 80 years and older or had premorbid ambulation impairment. Further research is required to determine if this beneficial effect extends to seniors hospitalized for other acute medical disorders. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 55–62.
Rehabilitation or compensation: time for a fresh perspective on speech and language therapy for dysphagia and Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Smith Sarah K. , Roddam Hazel , Sheldrick Heulwen 
Published: April 2012

Abstract Background: Dysphagia is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease and can have negative consequences for physical health and quality of life. A variety of treatment options are available to clinicians working with people who have dysphagia and Parkinson's disease. These options can be broadly categorized as being compensatory or rehabilitative in nature.Aims: To explore the evidence behind treatment options available to clinicians working with dysphagia and Parkinson's disease and to draw conclusions about whether compensatory or rehabilitative approaches are likely to provide the best outcomes for our patients.Methods & Procedures: A critical literature review of compensatory and rehabilitative interventions for dysphagia in Parkinson's disease was undertaken. Relevant studies were analysed for their robustness and potential clinical applications. General conclusions were drawn based on the evidence base identified in this review.Main Contribution: This review outlines the lack of evidence supporting both compensatory and rehabilitative methods of treating dysphagia in Parkinson's disease. It directs clinicians and researchers towards areas that require further investigation.Conclusions & Implications: To date, compensatory methods of treating dysphagia in Parkinson's disease have received more research attention than rehabilitative methods and yet neither approach has a strong evidence base. This review argues that rehabilitative methods could possibly have greater potential to increase swallowing safety and improve quality of life in the long‐term than compensatory methods alone. However, at present there is a lack of research in this area.
The effect of adjuvant drugs on the quality of tracheal intubation without muscle relaxants in children: a systematic review of randomized trials
Authors: Aouad Marie T. , Yazbeck‐Karam Vanda G. , Mallat Claude E. , Esso Jean J. , Siddik‐Sayyid Sahar M. , Kaddoum Roland N. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryIntubation without prior administration of muscle relaxants is a common practice in children. However, succinylcholine may be considered as the golden standard for optimizing intubating conditions. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify drug combinations that included induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane or propofol. Our aim was to select drug combinations that yield excellent intubating conditions ≥80%; we identified six combinations in children aged 1–9 years. Sevoflurane with remifentanil (1 or 2 μg·kg−1), lidocaine (2 mg·kg−1), or propofol (2 mg·kg−1) as the adjuvant shared the following characteristics: premedication with midazolam and/or ketamine, long sevoflurane exposure time, high inspired and endtidal sevoflurane concentration, and assisted ventilation. One combination using sevoflurane with propofol (3 mg·kg−1) without premedication, with shorter sevoflurane exposure time, and spontaneous breathing indicated that propofol may be the adjuvant of choice for a rapid sevoflurane induction. The only adjuvant identified in propofol induction was remifentanil (4 μg·kg−1). No serious adverse events were reported with these combinations.
The maximum height of grasses is determined by roots
Authors: Cao Kun‐Fang , Yang Shi‐Jian , Zhang Yong‐Jiang , Brodribb Tim J. 
Published: April 2012

Ecology Letters (2012) 15: 666–672AbstractGrasses such as bamboos can produce upright stems more than 30 m tall, yet the processes that constrain plant height in this important group have never been investigated. Air embolisms form commonly in the water transport system of grasses and we hypothesised that root pressure‐dependent refilling these embolisms should limit the maximum height of grass species to the magnitude of their root pressure. Confirming this hypothesis, we show that in 59 species of bamboo grown in two common gardens, the maximum heights of culms of 67 clones are closely predicted by the maximum measured root pressure overnight. Furthermore, we demonstrate that water transport in these bamboo species is dependent on root pressure to repair hydraulic dysfunction sustained during normal diurnal gas exchange. Our results established the critical importance of root pressure in the tallest grass species and provide a new basis for understanding the limits for plant growth.