bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial prioritization for widespread invasive species control: Trade‐offs between current impact and future spread
Authors: Carter Stephanie , Mills Catherine , Hao Zhenhua , Mott Rowan , Hauser Cindy E. , White Matthew , Sharples Jason , Taylor John , Moore Joslin L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpatially explicit prioritization of invasive species control is a complex issue, requiring consideration of trade‐offs between immediate and future benefits. This study aimed to prioritize management efforts to account for current and future threats from widespread invasions and examine the strength of the trade‐off between these different management goals. As a case study, we identified spatially explicit management priorities for the widespread invasion of introduced willow into riparian and wetland habitats across a 102,145‐km2 region in eastern Australia. In addition to targeting places where willow threatens biodiversity now, a second set of management goals was to limit reinfestation and further spread that could occur via two different mechanisms (downstream and by wind). A model of likely willow distribution across the region was combined with spatial data for biodiversity (native vegetation, threatened species and communities), ecological conditions, management costs, and two potential dispersal layers. We used systematic conservation planning software (Zonation) to prioritize where willow management should be focussed across more than 100,000 catchments for a range of different scenarios that reflected different weights between management goals. For willow invasion, we found that we could prioritize willow management to reduce the future threat of dispersal downstream with little reduction in the protection of biodiversity. However, accounting for future threats from wind dispersal resulted in a stronger trade‐off with protection of threatened biodiversity. The strongest trade‐off was observed when both dispersal mechanisms were considered together. This study shows that considering current and future goals together offers the potential to substantially improve conservation outcomes for invasive species management. Our approach also informs land managers about the relative trade‐offs among different management goals under different control scenarios, helping to make management decisions more transparent. This approach can be used for other widespread invasive species to help improve invasive species management decisions.
Biogeography and diversity patterns of abundant and rare bacterial communities in paddy soils along middle and lower Yangtze River
Authors: Zhu Xiancan , Hu Minghui , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Ya , Du Dongsheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River serve as principal rice production bases in China, yet the biodiversity and ecological processes of bacterial communities in paddy soils are not well understood. This study explores the diversity, composition, ecological function, and assembly processes of abundant and rare bacterial communities in paddy soils. A total of 129 paddy soil samples from 43 sites along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were collected and analyzed using NovaSeq sequencing. The results showed that the dominant phylum for both abundant and rare taxa was Proteobacteria, with a greater relative abundance of the abundant taxa. The diversity of the abundant community was lower than that of the rare community. Soil properties and geographic variables explained more of the variation in the abundant community than in the rare community. The rare community exhibited a significant distance‐decay relationship. The assembly of the abundant community was more influenced by stochastic processes, although both the abundant and rare communities were governed by stochastic processes. It is concluded that both abundant and rare bacterial communities exhibit differing biogeographic patterns, yet they undergo similar ecological processes in the paddy soils along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. These observations offer a theoretical framework for a deeper comprehension of the function of both abundant and rare bacteria, as well as the development and preservation of soil bacterial diversity within agricultural ecosystems.
Habitat conditions filter stronger for functional traits than for phenology in herbaceous species
Authors: Deilmann Till J. , Ulrich Josephine , Römermann Christine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn increasing number of studies in botanical gardens are investigating species' responses to climate change. However, the influence of local environmental or habitat conditions such as soil nutrient status or microclimate on phenology and the link between morpho‐physiological functional traits and phenological stages are poorly understood, making it difficult to extrapolate patterns from botanical gardens to natural environments. Therefore, we selected herbaceous species growing in two semi‐natural habitats, namely, semi‐dry grasslands (SDGs) and mesophilic grasslands (MGs) and the botanical garden of Jena (Germany) to investigate the influence of habitat conditions on interspecific and intraspecific patterns in phenology, functional traits and their associations. For 16 species, we monitored leaf and flowering phenology weekly for 133 populations from the three habitats, measured morpho‐physiological traits (i.e., whole plant, leaf and reproductive traits), as well as habitat conditions and compared the measurements across habitats. Multivariate analyses revealed that morpho‐physiological traits conspicuously showed stronger differences between habitats compared to phenological traits. Populations on MG showed temporal niche segregation, whereas populations on SDG showed flowering synchrony. Boosted Regression Trees showed that morpho‐physiological traits, especially reproductive traits, strongly influenced phenological traits and that the trait‐phenology relationships were highly habitat‐specific. We conclude that species phenology is broadly similar between botanical gardens and local habitats. However, phenological responses to the environment may be constrained by a certain suite of correlated traits due to ecological plant strategies that vary across habitats. The effect of habitat conditions on morpho‐physiological functional traits and phenology‐trait relationships is important and should not be neglected at local scales, implying consequences at larger scales.
Bigger isn't always better: Challenging assumptions about the associations between diapause, body weight, and overwintering survival
Authors: Short Clancy A. , Walters Jared L. , Hahn Daniel A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDuring the winter, animals face limited food availability. Many animals enter dormancy to reduce their winter energy expenditure. Most insects spend the winter in diapause, a state of programmed dormancy. It is often assumed that diapausing insects need nutrient stores to fuel their many months of basal metabolism and must grow heavier than their non‐diapause‐programmed counterparts. However, the extent to which food limitation affects body weight during overwintering preparation as well as the likelihood and duration of diapause remains unclear. We limited the duration of the feeding period and thus the total quantity of food available to diapause‐destined larvae of the pupal‐diapausing flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis, to test how food limitation affects body weight in the context of diapause programming. We also tested the extent to which food deprivation and body weight affect the likelihood and duration of diapause. We hypothesized that diapause‐destined larvae grow more quickly and pupariate at a heavier body weight than non‐diapause larvae. We also hypothesized that body weight is more dramatically reduced by food limitations when a larva is programmed for diapause. Finally, we hypothesized that larvae with lighter body weight (i.e., food limited) are less likely to enter pupal diapause and also stay in diapause for a shorter duration than heavier, well‐fed, individuals. Contrary to our hypotheses that diapausing insects are heavier than their non‐diapausing counterparts, we found diapausing pupae weighed less than non‐diapausing pupae, especially when larvae received limited food. We found light pupae did not abort their diapause program. In both diapausing and non‐diapausing pupae, body weight was positively correlated with simulated winter survival. However, above a weight threshold, body weight no longer affected simulated winter survival in diapausing pupae. Contrary to our predictions and the general consensus in much of the diapause literature, we also found that lighter pupae stayed in diapause longer than heavier pupae. Overall, our results challenge the precept that body weight and diapause are positively associated. The relationship between body weight and diapause is complex and may be affected by the availability of food before and after winter, the availability of high‐quality overwintering sites, and the life history of a particular insect.
Diuretics in pregnancy: Data from the ESC Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac disease (ROPAC)
Authors: van der Zande Johanna A. , Greutmann Matthias , Tobler Daniel , Ramlakhan Karishma P. , Cornette Jerome M. J. , Ladouceur Magalie , Collins Nicholas , Adamson Dawn , Paruchuri Vijaya P. , Hall Roger , Johnson Mark R. , Roos‐Hesselink Jolien W. ,   on behalf of the ROPAC Investigators Group
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsData on diuretic use in pregnancy are limited and inconsistent, and consequently it remains unclear whether they can be used safely. Our study aims to evaluate the perinatal outcomes after in‐utero diuretic exposure.Methods and resultsThe Registry Of Pregnancy And Cardiac disease (ROPAC) is a prospective, global registry of pregnancies in women with heart disease. Outcomes were compared between women who used diuretics during pregnancy versus those who did not. Multivariable regression analysis was used to assess the impact of diuretic use on the occurrence of congenital anomalies and foetal growth. Diuretics were used in 382 (6.7%) of the 5739 ROPAC pregnancies, most often furosemide (86%). Age >35 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–2.0), other cardiac medication use (OR 5.4, 95% CI 4.2–6.9), signs of heart failure (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.2), estimated left ventricular ejection fraction <40% (OR 2.9, 95% CI 2.0–4.2), New York Heart Association class >II (OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.3–5.1), valvular heart disease (OR 6.3, 95% CI 4.7–8.3) and cardiomyopathy (OR 3.9, 95% CI 2.6–5.7) were associated with diuretic use during pregnancy. In multivariable analysis, diuretic use during the first trimester was not significantly associated with foetal or neonatal congenital anomalies (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.7–2.6), and diuretic use during pregnancy was also not significantly associated with small for gestational age (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–1.9).ConclusionsOur study does not conclusively establish an association between diuretic use during pregnancy and adverse foetal outcomes. Given these findings, it is essential to assess the risk–benefit ratio on an individual basis to guide clinical decisions.
Pulmonary hypertension across the spectrum of left heart and lung disease
Authors: Borlaug Barry A. , Larive Brett , Frantz Robert P. , Hassoun Paul , Hemnes Anna , Horn Evelyn , Leopold Jane , Rischard Franz , Berman‐Rosenzweig Erika , Beck Gerald , Erzurum Serpil , Farha Samar , Finet J. Emanuel , Highland Kristin B. , Jacob Miriam , Jellis Christine , Mehra Reena , Renapurkar Rahul , Singh Harsimran , Tang W.H. Wilson , Vanderpool Rebecca , Wilcox Jennifer , Yu Shilin , Hill Nicholas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsPatients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) are grouped based upon clinical and haemodynamic characteristics. Groups 2 (G2, left heart disease [LHD]) and 3 (G3, lung disease or hypoxaemia) are most common. Many patients display overlapping characteristics of heart and lung disease (G2–3), but this group is not well‐characterized.Methods and resultsPatients with PH enrolled in the prospective, NHLBI‐sponsored PVDOMICS network underwent intensive clinical, biomarker, imaging, gas exchange and exercise phenotyping. Patients with pure G2, pure G3, or overlapping G2–3 PH were compared across multiple phenotypic domains. Of all patients with predominant G2 (n = 136), 66 (49%) were deemed to have secondary lung disease/hypoxaemia contributors (G2/3), and of all patients categorized as predominant G3 (n = 172), 41 (24%) were judged to have a component of secondary LHD (G3/2), such that 107 had G2–3 (combined G2/3 and G3/2). As compared with G3, patients with G2 and G2–3 were more obese and had greater prevalence of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and coronary disease. Patients with G2 and G2–3 were more anaemic, with poorer kidney function, more cardiac dysfunction, and higher N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide than G3. Lung diffusion was more impaired in G3 and G2–3, but commonly abnormal even in G2. Exercise capacity was severely and similarly impaired across all groups, with no differences in 6‐min walk distance or peak oxygen consumption, and pulmonary vasoreactivity to nitric oxide did not differ. In a multivariable Cox regression model, patients with G2 had lower risk of death or transplant compared with G3 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30–0.86), and patients with G2–3 also displayed lower risk compared with G3 (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.38–0.86).ConclusionsOverlap is common in patients with a pulmonary or cardiac basis for PH. While lung structure/function is clearly more impaired in G3 and G2–3 than G2, pulmonary abnormalities are common in G2, even when clinically judged as isolated LHD. Further study is required to identify optimal systematic evaluations to guide therapeutic innovation for PH associated with combined heart and lung disease.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02980887.
A nationwide, population‐based study on specialized care for acute heart failure throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Cannata Antonio , Mizani Mehrdad A. , Bromage Daniel I. , Piper Susan E. , Hardman Suzanna M.C. , Sudlow Cathie , de Belder Mark , Deanfield John , Gardner Roy S. , Clark Andrew L. , Cleland John G.F. , McDonagh Theresa A. ,   on behalf of the CVD‐COVID‐UK/COVID‐IMPACT Consortium
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsThe COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted the delivery of care for patients with heart failure (HF), leading to fewer HF hospitalizations and increased mortality. However, nationwide data on quality of care and long‐term outcomes across the pandemic are scarce.Methods and resultsWe used data from the National Heart Failure Audit (NHFA) linked to national records for hospitalization and deaths. We compared pre‐COVID (2018–2019), COVID (2020), and late/post‐COVID (2021–2022) periods. Data for 227 250 patients admitted to hospital with HF were analysed and grouped according to the admission year and the presence of HF with (HFrEF) or without reduced ejection fraction (non‐HFrEF). The median age at admission was 81 years (interquartile range 72–88), 55% were men (n = 125 975), 87% were of white ethnicity (n = 102 805), and 51% had HFrEF (n = 116 990). In‐hospital management and specialized cardiology care were maintained throughout the pandemic with an increasing percentage of patients discharged on disease‐modifying medications over time (p < 0.001). Long‐term outcomes improved over time (hazard ratio [HR] 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90–0.95, p < 0.001), mainly driven by a reduction in cardiovascular death. Receiving specialized cardiology care was associated with better long‐term outcomes both for those who had HFrEF (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.77–0.82, p < 0.001) and for those who had non‐HFrEF (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.85–0.90, p < 0.001).ConclusionsDespite the disruption of healthcare systems, the clinical characteristics of patients admitted with HF were similar and the overall standard of care was maintained throughout the pandemic. Long‐term survival of patients hospitalized with HF continued to improve after COVID‐19, especially for HFrEF.
Electrochemical determination of wine polyphenols using carbon electrodes: A review
Authors: Ndreka Xhensiana , Isak Nensi , Xhaxhiu Kledi , Kudr Jiri , Zitka Ondrej , Farruku Muhamed , Baraj Besnik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWine′s phenolic compounds present a group of hundreds of chemical compounds, contributing to the wine taste, color, and stability during the ageing. These compounds include phenolic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins, catechins, proanthocyanidins etc. They are very important because they offer numerous good benefits for human body. Electrochemical methods show a valuable technique for the determination of redox compounds in wine. In this review, a lot of attention is paid to carbon‐based electrodes and to the voltammetric signals obtained in red and white wines using different modifiers for the electrode surface with nanoparticles and natural compounds used in the construction of biosensors. These electrodes are widely used due to their non‐toxic properties, wide potential ranges, high conductivity and the possibility of use in aqueous and non‐aqueous solutions. Different carbon electrodes are considered and briefly discussed. This review explores the current advancements in the electrochemical determination of most important polyphenolic compounds in wine using carbon electrodes. Also, this review gives a clear view about the oxidation peaks of various phenolic compounds in wine. It encompasses ‐the in‐depth analysis of the different types of carbon electrodes used, such as glassy carbon, carbon paste, carbon nanotubes, screen‐printed,graphene‐based electrodes, biosensors and their respective benefits in polyphenolic compounds analysis. In conclusion, the electrochemical determination of polyphenolic compounds in wine using carbon electrodes offers a promising route for accurate and reliable analysis, with important implications for the wine industry and research. This review provides comprehensive information for researchers, winemakers and analytical chemists seeking to understand and apply these techniques for improving wine quality and advancing knowledge.
Comprehensive analysis of the metabolic nutritional components and exploration of health‐promoting small molecules in japonica rice and indica rice seeds
Authors: Tian Mengjun , Lin Shaoyan , Huang Wenwen , Zhao Wei , Tan Junjie , Wang Ming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe comprehensive detection of primary metabolites and secondary metabolites in japonica rice (Nipponbare) and indica rice seeds (93‐11) were clarified by using a combination of targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches we created. A total of 246 metabolites were identified, encompassing 4 primary metabolite classes (3 sugars, 6 organic acids, 21 amino acids, 5 lipids) and 3 secondary flavonoid metabolite classes (17 flavones, 2 flavonones, 4 flavonols), as well as various other secondary metabolites. We found that japonica rice contains higher levels of sugars (especially fructose), alanine, flavonols, and luteolin complexes, while indica rice contains higher levels of organic acids, amino acids (excluding alanine), flavanones, and apigenin and its complexes. Exploring and comparing the comprehensive nutritional composition of the two types of rice not only enabled individuals to choose their staple food according to their own physical condition but also provided new insights for the development of health‐promoting rice.
An invited commentary on mentoring in infant mental health: A symposium commemorating Robert N. Emde
Authors: Oppenheim David , Bernard Kristin , Dozier Mary , Lieberman Alicia F. , Mays Markita , West Jane 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper is based on a symposium on mentoring in infant mental health that took place at the 18th World Association for Infant Mental Health (WAIMH) conference. The symposium commemorated Robert N. Emde who was one of the founders of the field of Infant Mental Health, and devoted much of his career to mentorship. From an IMH perspective, mentoring experiences are best thought of as relationships, significant for both mentor and mentee, with positive mentoring experiences crucial for the development of IMH clinicians and researchers. The symposium participants, two pairs of mentor‐mentee dyads, first gave an opening statement about what mentoring meant for them generally and personally, and then addressed three issues: the goodness of fit between mentor and mentee, “light and shadow” in mentoring relationships, and balancing old wisdom with new trends in mentoring. The paper brings the participants’ views and personal experiences regarding these issues in their own words, highlighting key personal and professional issues related to mentorship from the perspectives of both mentor and mentee.
Research advance of occupational exposure risks and toxic effects of semiconductor nanomaterials
Authors: Wu Jiawei , Ding Xiaomeng , Pang Yanting , Liu Qing , Lei Jialin , Zhang Haopeng , Zhang Ting 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, semiconductor nanomaterials, as one of the most promising and applied classes of engineered nanomaterials, have been widely used in industries such as photovoltaics, electronic devices, and biomedicine. However, occupational exposure is unavoidable during the production, use, and disposal stages of products containing these materials, thus posing potential health risks to workers. The intricacies of the work environment present challenges in obtaining comprehensive data on such exposure. Consequently, there remains a significant gap in understanding the exposure risks and toxic effects associated with semiconductor nanomaterials. This paper provides an overview of the current classification and applications of typical semiconductor nanomaterials. It also delves into the existing state of occupational exposure, methodologies for exposure assessment, and prevailing occupational exposure limits. Furthermore, relevant epidemiological studies are examined. Subsequently, the review scrutinizes the toxicity of semiconductor nanomaterials concerning target organ toxicity, toxicity mechanisms, and influencing factors. The aim of this review is to lay the groundwork for enhancing the assessment of occupational exposure to semiconductor nanomaterials, optimizing occupational exposure limits, and promoting environmentally sustainable development practices in this domain.
Association of maternal serum vitamin D level with fetal pulmonary artery Doppler indices and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Amjadi Nooshin , Pooransari Parichehr , Mirzamoradi Masoumeh , Gargari Soraya Saleh , Naeiji Zahra , Rahmati Nayereh , Arbabzadeh Taraneh , Torkestani Farahnaz , Karimi Zohreh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeRespiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is potentially fatal in infants. The present study investigated the association of maternal serum vitamin D level with fetal pulmonary artery Doppler indices and neonatal RDS.MethodsThis cross‐sectional‐analytical study was conducted on 260 mothers admitted for delivery. The maternal serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level was measured and fetal main pulmonary artery Doppler indices were evaluated. The neonate's weight, apgar score, RDS, Umbilical cord arterial pH and neonatal intensive care unit admission were recorded.ResultsThere was a significant relationship between RDS and the low level of vitamin D in the mother's serum. Mothers with low vitamin D had higher fetal pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) and lower acceleration time (AT) to ejection time (ET) ratio. Also, in neonates with RDS, pulmonary artery PI was higher, and PSV and the ratio of AT to ET were significantly lower than neonates without RDS. Neonates with lower one and 5‐min apgar scores were born from mothers with lower vitamin D levels.ConclusionSerum levels of vitamin D in pregnant mothers as well as fetal pulmonary artery Doppler indices are correlated to RDS. There is a significant relationship between the serum level of vitamin D in pregnant mothers and fetal pulmonary artery Doppler indices.