bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salt marsh soil organic carbon is regulated by drivers of microbial activity
Authors: Erb Hailey , Keiser Ashley , DeAngelis Kristen M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Soil organic carbon is the foundation for soil health and a livable climate. Organic carbon is concentrated in coastal wetland soils, but dynamics that govern carbon persistence in coastal ecosystems remain incompletely understood. Whether microbial activity results in a gain or loss of carbon depends on environmental conditions that regulate microbial community attributes. We sought to identify which drivers of microbial activity have the greatest impact on organic carbon content in salt marsh soils. To address this question, we used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses) statement to compile data on soil and ecosystem characteristics from 50 studies of over 60 salt marshes located around the world. We conducted a meta-analysis with structural equation modeling, including mediation and moderation analyses, to identify environmental drivers of salt marsh soil organic carbon content. High salinity, pH, nitrogen, and phosphorus were associated with increased microbial biomass carbon and soil organic carbon. Correlations between microbial biomass and organic carbon were strengthened by soil salinity and nitrogen, and weakened by soil water content. These results suggest that environmental conditions that control microbial growth and activity have potential to preserve or degrade organic carbon in salt marsh soils.
Successful Treatment of Metastatic Primary Cutaneous Adnexal Carcinoma With a PD-1 Inhibitor
Authors: Patel Janmesh D. , Pozorski Vincent J. , Tavberidze Nika , Buehler Darya G. , Huang Wei , Bennett Daniel D. , Ma Vincent T. 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
Standard of care treatment for metastatic cutaneous adnexal carcinomas is not well established. In this case report, we highlight the successful use of anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) therapy in treating a patient with low tumor mutation burden, microsatellite stable, high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) gene expression, metastatic primary cutaneous adnexal carcinoma with significant radiographic, and circulating tumor DNA response with durable benefit. Immune checkpoint inhibitors hold promise as a future treatment option in rare instances of metastatic disease from primary skin adnexal carcinoma. Further studies are needed to identify better immune checkpoint inhibitor predictive biomarkers for rare, advanced-stage non-melanoma skin cancers.
ACUTE MACULAR NEURORETINOPATHY FOLLOWING MODERNA mRNA COVID-19 VACCINATION
Authors: Marcus William B. , Goldberg Roger A. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
The authors report a case of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) following and then exacerbated by mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccination.

Methods:
Report of a case.

Results:
A 79-year-old White man presented with a central scotoma in the right eye 2 weeks following administration of his second mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence and color photography, fluorescein, indocynanine green, and clinical findings were consistent with a diagnosis of AMN. Anatomy and symptoms worsened 8 months later, approximately 2 weeks after the third mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Improvement in symptoms and findings occurred without therapy 15 months postpresentation.

Conclusion:
This post-COVID vaccine AMN case is reported following an mRNA vaccine. The chronological relationship to both vaccines, exacerbation after the third vaccine, and occurrence in an older man without the recognized risk factors of non–vaccine-related AMN are compelling for possible causality. Depending on the patient's health and the state of the COVID-19 pandemic with regard to public health, should AMN occur soon after COVID vaccination, clinicians may consider foregoing additional vaccination/boosters or switching to an alternate COVID vaccine vector.
Development of a noninvasive olfactory stimulation fMRI system in marmosets
Authors: Yurimoto Terumi , Seki Fumiko , Yamada Akihiro , Okajima Junnosuke , Yambe Tomoyuki , Takewa Yoshiaki , Kamioka Michiko , Inoue Takashi , Inoue Yusuke , Sasaki Erika 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOlfactory dysfunction is associated with aging and the earliest stages of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases; it is thought to be an early biomarker of cognitive decline. In marmosets, a small non-human primate model used in brain research, olfactory pathway activity during olfactory stimulation has not been well studied because of the difficulty in clearly switching olfactory stimuli inside a narrow MRI. Here, we developed an olfactory-stimulated fMRI system using a small-aperture MRI machine.The olfactory presentation system consisted of two tubes, one for supply and one for suction of olfactory stimulants and a balloon valve. A balloon valve installed in the air supply tube controlled the presentation of the olfactory stimulant, which enabled sharp olfactory stimulation within MRI, such as 30 seconds of stimulation repeated five times at five-minute intervals. The olfactory stimulation system was validated in vivo and in a simulated system. fMRI analysis showed a rapid increase in signal values within 30 s of olfactory stimulation in eight regions related to the sense of smell. As these regions include those associated with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, olfactory stimulation fMRI may be useful in clarifying the relationship between olfactory dysfunction and dementia in non-human primates.
Progressive multi-stage extrapolation of predictable motion in human visual cortex
Authors: Turner William , Sexton Charlie , Johnson Philippa A. , Wilson Ella , Hogendoorn Hinze 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeural processing of sensory information takes time. Consequently, to estimate the current state of the world, the brain must rely on predictive processes – for example, extrapolating the motion of a ball to determine its probable present position. Some evidence implicates early (pre-cortical) processing in extrapolation, but it remains unclear whether extrapolation continues during later-stage (cortical) processing, where further delays accumulate. Moreover, the majority of such evidence relies on invasive neurophysiological techniques in animals, with accurate characterisation of extrapolation effects in the human brain currently lacking. Here, we address these issues by demonstrating how precise probabilistic maps can be constructed from human EEG recordings. Participants (N = 18, 2 Sessions) viewed a stimulus moving along a circular trajectory while EEG was recorded. Using LDA classification, we extracted maps of stimulus location over time and found evidence of a widespread temporal shift occurring across distinct processing stages. This accelerated emergence of position representations indicates extrapolation occurring at multiple stages of processing, with representations across the hierarchy being progressively shifted closer to real-time. We further show evidence of representational overshoot during early-stage processing following unexpected changes to an object’s trajectory, and demonstrate that the observed dynamics can emerge without supervision in a simulated neural network via spike-timing-dependent plasticity.
Comparison of Wild-Type and High-risk PNPLA3 variants in a Human Biomimetic Liver Microphysiology System for Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease Precision Therapy
Authors: Xia Mengying , Varmazyad Mahboubeh , Pla-Palacín Iris , Gavlock Dillon C. , DeBiasio Richard , LaRocca Gregory , Reese Celeste , Florentino Rodrigo , Faccioli Lanuza A.P. , Brown Jacquelyn A. , Vernetti Lawrence A. , Schurdak Mark , Stern Andrew M. , Gough Albert , Behari Jaideep , Soto-Gutierrez Alejandro , Taylor D. Lansing , Miedel Mark T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a worldwide health epidemic with a global occurrence of approximately 30%. The pathogenesis of MASLD is a complex, multisystem disorder driven by multiple factors including genetics, lifestyle, and the environment. Patient heterogeneity presents challenges for developing MASLD therapeutics, creation of patient cohorts for clinical trials and optimization of therapeutic strategies for specific patient cohorts. Implementing pre-clinical experimental models for drug development creates a significant challenge as simplein vitrosystems and animal models do not fully recapitulate critical steps in the pathogenesis and the complexity of MASLD progression. To address this, we implemented a precision medicine strategy that couples the use of our liver acinus microphysiology system (LAMPS) constructed with patient-derived primary cells. We investigated the MASLD-associated genetic variant PNPLA3 rs738409 (I148M variant) in primary hepatocytes, as it is associated with MASLD progression. We constructed LAMPS with genotyped wild type and variant PNPLA3 hepatocytes together with key non-parenchymal cells and quantified the reproducibility of the model. We altered media components to mimic blood chemistries, including insulin, glucose, free fatty acids, and immune activating molecules to reflect normal fasting (NF), early metabolic syndrome (EMS) and late metabolic syndrome (LMS) conditions. Finally, we investigated the response to treatment with resmetirom, an approved drug for metabolic syndrome-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), the progressive form of MASLD. This study using primary cells serves as a benchmark for studies using “patient biomimetic twins” constructed with patient iPSC-derived liver cells using a panel of reproducible metrics. We observed increased steatosis, immune activation, stellate cell activation and secretion of pro-fibrotic markers in the PNPLA3 GG variant compared to wild type CC LAMPS, consistent with the clinical characterization of this variant. We also observed greater resmetirom efficacy in PNPLA3 wild type CC LAMPS compared to the GG variant in multiple MASLD metrics including steatosis, stellate cell activation and the secretion of pro-fibrotic markers. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the capability of the LAMPS platform for the development of MASLD precision therapeutics, enrichment of patient cohorts for clinical trials, and optimization of therapeutic strategies for patient subgroups with different clinical traits and disease stages.
Development of a Versatile System to Facilitate Targeted Knockout/Elimination Using CRISPR/Cas9 for Highly Duplicated Gene Families inArabidopsisSexual Reproduction
Authors: Takeuchi Hidenori , Nagahara Shiori 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9-based targeted gene editing is a fundamental technique for studying gene functions in various organisms. In plants, the introduction of a T-DNA construct harboring Cas9 nuclease and single guide RNA (sgRNA) sequences induces sequence-specific DNA double-strand breaks, inducing the loss of gene function.Arabidopsis thalianais a model for CRISPR/Cas9 system development and gene function studies; the introduction ofCas9under the egg or zygote promoter and multiple sgRNA modules generates heritable or non-mosaic mutants for multiple targets in the T1 generation ofA. thaliana. Recent reports reflect use of several CRISPR/Cas9 vectors in generating single– and higher-order mutants; however, the development of a reliable, cost-effective, and high-throughput CRISPR/Cas9 platform is necessary for targeting highly duplicated gene families. In this study, we have developed a simple and user-friendly construction system for the CRISPR/Cas9 vector series with improved gene editing efficiency by simply inserting a single intron intoCas9, and effectively demonstrated the simultaneous knockout of multiple genes involved inA. thalianasexual reproduction. An unbiased PCR-mediated mutant identification in the T1 generation revealed that our CRISPR/Cas9 system can support a > 70 kb deletion of > 30 tandemly duplicated synergid-specific genes and simultaneous knockout of five redundant genes essential for double fertilization. We performed a one-shot knockout of seven homologous pollen tube receptor-like kinase genes and identified their specific and overlapping roles in pollen tube growth and guidance. Our system can potentially facilitate further research in experimental plant biology to search for genetically unidentified components using reverse genetic candidate approaches.
Imaging the large-scale and cellular response to focal traumatic brain injury in mouse neocortex
Authors: Bibineyshvili Yelena , Vajtay Thomas J. , Salsabilian Shiva , Fliss Nicholas , Suvarnakar Aastha , Fang Jennifer , Teng Shavonne , Alder Janet , Najafizadeh Laleh , Margolis David J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) affects neural function at the local injury site and also at distant, connected brain areas. However, the real-time neural dynamics in response to injury and subsequent effects on sensory processing and behavior are not fully resolved, especially across a range of spatial scales. We usedin vivocalcium imaging in awake, head-restrained male and female mice to measure large-scale and cellular resolution neuronal activation, respectively, in response to a mild/moderate TBI induced by focal controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury of the motor cortex (M1). Widefield imaging revealed an immediate CCI-induced activation at the injury site, followed by a massive slow wave of calcium signal activation that traveled across the majority of the dorsal cortex within approximately 30 s. Correspondingly, two-photon calcium imaging in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) found strong activation of neuropil and neuronal populations during the CCI-induced traveling wave. A depression of calcium signals followed the wave, during which we observed atypical activity of a sparse population of S1 neurons. Longitudinal imaging in the hours and days after CCI revealed increases in the area of whisker-evoked sensory maps at early time points, in parallel to decreases in cortical functional connectivity and behavioral measures. Neural and behavioral changes mostly recovered over hours to days in our M1-TBI model, with a more lasting decrease in the number of active S1 neurons. Our results in unanesthetized mice describe novel spatial and temporal neural adaptations that occur at cortical sites remote to a focal brain injury.
MVA-BN Vaccine Effectiveness: A Systematic Review of Real-World Evidence in Outbreak Settings
Authors: Mason Lauren M.K. , Betancur Estefania , Riera-Montes Margarita , Lienert Florian , Scheele Suzanne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMpox is a disease endemic to Central and West Africa. It caused outbreaks in non-endemic countries, mainly in 2022. The endemic Democratic Republic of Congo is currently experiencing its largest outbreak yet. The vaccine Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) is approved for active immunization against mpox and smallpox. Since the outbreak in 2022, real-world studies have assessed MVA-BN’s vaccine effectiveness (VE) against mpox, and this systematic literature review aims to summarize the most current evidence.MethodsMedline (via PubMed), Embase, and LILACS were searched, as well as grey literature sources and publications’ bibliographies to identify observational studies published between 1/Jan/2022 and 28/Feb/2024 that estimate the VE of MVA-BN against symptomatic mpox or provide risk measures that allow calculation of these VE estimates. Data were presented descriptively in tables and text; the methodological quality of included records was assessed using an informal qualitative approach.ResultsThe literature search identified a total of 16 records that fit the inclusion criteria. The studies took place in high-income countries and were heterogenous in design, setting, and definition of at-risk populations. MVA-BN VE estimates against symptomatic mpox infection ≥14 days post-vaccination were assessed. Where the study population was exclusively or primarily those receiving pre-exposure prophylactic vaccination, the adjusted VE estimates ranged from 35% to 86% (n=8 studies) for one dose and from 66% to 90% (n=5) for two doses. Where only post-exposure prophylactic vaccination was assessed, adjusted VE estimates were reported for one dose only at 78% and 89% (n=2). Additionally, MVA-BN reduced the risk of mpox-related hospitalization in one study and the severity of mpox clinical manifestations in two studies.ConclusionsDespite heterogeneity in study design, setting, and at-risk populations, the reported VE estimates against symptomatic mpox infection for one or two doses of MVA-BN support deployment of MVA-BN for mpox outbreak control.
Food wastage and consumerism in circular economy: a review and research directions
Authors: Agarwal Anuja , Srivastava Shefali , Gupta Ashish , Singh Gurmeet 
Published: April 2024

PurposeConsidering food waste as a global problem resulting from the wastage of valuable resources that could fulfil the requirements of malnourished people, the current research focusses on understanding consumerism’s impact on this phenomenon. Additionally, the circular economy (CE) approach can be critical in reducing food waste and promoting sustainability.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review was conducted using bibliometrics and network analysis. The study reviewed 326 articles within 10 years, from 2013 to 2023.FindingsThe findings reveal four prominent factors – behavioural, environmental, socioeconomic and technological – in managing food waste (FW). Reducing FW at a holistic level can benefit individuals and the environment in several ways.Research limitations/implicationsConsumers are encouraged to be more responsible for their food consumption by reducing food waste, as it affects societies and businesses both economically and environmentally. This can help promote a responsible consumption culture that values quality over quantity and encourages people to make more informed choices about what they eat and how they dispose of it post-consumption. All stakeholders, including firms, the government and consumers, must examine the motives behind inculcating pro-environmental behaviour.Originality/valueAddressing consumerism and the ability to decrease FW behaviour are complex issues that require a multidimensional approach. This study seeks to fill the gap in understanding consumerism and the capacity to reduce FW using the CE approach and understand the research gaps and future research trends.
The role of employee ambidexterity on employee agility: a moderation analysis with employee organizational tenure
Authors: Panda Sukanya 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to investigate how employee ambidexterity (studied as passive and active ambidexterity; EPA and EAA) impacts employee agility (in terms of proactivity, resilience and adaptability) along with the moderating influences of employee organizational tenure (EOT).Design/methodology/approachA simple random sampling technique is used to collect primary responses from bank managers working in various public, private and regional rural banks in India. The analysis is performed using AMOS (Version-25), a covariance-based structural equation modeling approach.FindingsThe two-folded findings include first, the EAA–agility relationship is stronger than the EPA–agility linkage. Second, EOT negatively influences the EAA–EPA–agility relationships.Originality/valueAlthough the performance impact of ambidexterity is well documented in the literature there is a dearth of empirical investigation on its agility impact. Since most of the extant researchers have studied ambidexterity and agility from an organizational context, this research highlights the less-studied ambidexterity-agility connection from an employee perspective. Further, EOT is mostly studied as a control variable, while this research investigates as a moderator influencing the ambidexterity–agility linkage in the context of emerging economies such as India.
Exploring the ascendancy of social capital in entrepreneurial behavior: new insights from mix model perspective in digital healthcare
Authors: Anwar Azfar , Zafar Abaid Ullah , Papa Armando , Pham Thi Thu Thuy , Apostolidis Chrysostomos 
Published: April 2024

PurposeDigital healthcare manages to grab considerable attention from people and practitioners to avoid severity and provide quick access to healthcare. Entrepreneurs also adopt the digital healthcare segment as an opportunity; nevertheless, their intentions to participate and encourage innovation in this growing sector are unexplored. Drawing upon the social capital theory and health belief model, the study examines the factors that drive entrepreneurship. A novel model is proposed to comprehend entrepreneurial intentions and behavior entrenched in social capital and other encouraging and dissuading perceptive elements with the moderation of trust in digitalization and entrepreneurial efficacy.Design/methodology/approachThe cross-sectional method is used to collect data through a questionnaire from experienced respondents in China. The valid data comprises 280 respondents, analyzed by partial least square structural equation modeling.FindingsSocial capital significantly influences monetary attitude, and perceived risk and holds an inconsequential association with perceived usefulness, whereas monetary attitude and perceived usefulness meaningfully explain entrepreneurial activities. Perceived risk has a trivial impact on entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurial efficacy and trust in digitalization significantly explain entrepreneurial behavior and moderate the positive relationship between intention and behavior.Originality/valueThe present research proposes a novel research model in the context of entrepreneurship rooted in a digitalized world and offering new correlates. It provides valuable insights by exploring entrepreneurial motivation and deterring factors to get involved in startup activities entrenched in social capital, providing guidelines for policymakers and practitioners to promote entrepreneurship.