bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Apple Smartwatches to Obtain Vital Signs Readings in Dental Surgical Patients
Authors: Alzahrani Shadi , Alghamdi Mohammed , Baabdullah Razan , Bawajeeh Othman , Bayoumi Mohammed , Alghamdi Abdulrahman , Bayoumi Amr , Nadershah Mohammed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Wearable devices, such as Apple smartwatches, have been widely used for medical and healthcare purposes. Although they provide a wide array of applications, such as heart rate and oxygen saturation determination, only a few studies have demonstrated the reliability and accuracy of these devices. Hence, this study aimed to assess the reliability of the Apple smartwatch series 8 (ASWs8) in determining heart rate and oxygen saturation against conventional monitoring devices (CMD).
Methods: This cross-section study encompassed a cohort of 52 patients from King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. We collected heart rate and oxygen saturation data via the ASWs8 and CMD. Subsequently, the mean measurement of each parameter was compared and evaluated for any significant differences.
Results: The ASWs8 yielded a mean heart rate measurement of 83.04 ± 13.4 BPM, while CMD produced 82.81 ± 13.5 BPM. The mean difference stood at -0.23 ± 0.7 BPM, with limits of agreement ranging from -25 to 25%. No significant difference emerged in the determination of heart rate (Cronbach α= 0.999, p= 0.311). Additionally, the ASWs8 recorded an average oxygen saturation measurement of 97.10 ± 1.6%, compared to CMD’s 98.23 ± 1.0%. This resulted in a mean difference of 0.74% and limits of agreement spanning from -3 to 1%. Once again, the analysis unveiled that no statistically significant difference existed in the obtained oxygen saturation levels (Cronbach α= 0.735, p= 0.094).
Conclusion: In this study, we have uncovered compelling evidence that the ASWs8 stands as a reliable and accurate device. It exhibits strong concordance with the CMD, rendering it suitable for continuous vital signs, particularly for heart rate and oxygen saturation. Furthermore, this device can play a pivotal role in clinical management, facilitating the early detection of abnormal physiological parameters among pre-operative patients, thereby potentially reducing hospital admissions.
Early contraceptive implant removal and associated factors among women attending public family planning clinics, Mbarara City, Southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rwebazibwa Joseph , Migisha Richard , Munaru Gideon , Byamukama Onesmus , Abesiga Lenard , Mugyenyi Godfrey R. , Kalyebara Paul Kato , Tibaijuka Leevan , Ngonzi Joseph , Kajabwangu Rodgers , Turanzomwe Stuart , Mohammed Fadumo , Muhumuza Joy , Collins Agaba David , Fajardo Yarine Tornes , Ssalongo Wasswa G. M. , Kayondo Musa , Kanyesigye Hamson 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Early implant removal not only results in method wastage and strains healthcare resources but also exposes women to the risk of unplanned pregnancies and associated complications if an alternative contraceptive is not promptly adopted. Studies have demonstrated that prevalence and factors associated with contraceptive use vary across different cultures and regions even within Uganda. We determined the prevalence and associated factors of early implant removal, among women attending public family planning clinics in Mbarara City, southwestern Uganda.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study from April to July 2023 at four public family planning clinics in Mbarara City. We consecutively enrolled women and administered a questionnaire to obtain data on demographic, and medical characteristics. We defined early removal as implant discontinuation within a period < 2 years. We excluded women who did not have a written record of the date of insertion of the contraceptive implants. We used modified Poisson regression analysis to determine factors associated with early implant removal.
Results
We enrolled 406 women, with a mean age of 29 ± 6 years. The prevalence of early contraceptive implant removal was 53% (n = 210; 95%, CI: 48%-58%). Factors associated with early implant removal were experiencing side effects (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.20–2.21), inserting an implant to achieve career goals (aPR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.26–2.81) and intending to use the implant for < 24 months (aPR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.11–1.66).
Conclusion
Approximately half of the surveyed women removed their contraceptive implant early. Women who experienced side effects, chose an implant due to career obligations and those whose intended implant use was < 2 years were more likely to have an early contraceptive implant removal compared to their counterparts. We recommend strengthening of pre- and post- insertion counselling to address concerns among those who may experience side-effects. Women who intend to use implants for < 2 years and those who have career obligations should be encouraged to use short-acting methods as an option.
Does the microbial community play a role in the different colour morphs of the breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea?
Authors: Alhaddad Sakinah Husain , Caldwell Gary , Clare Anthony 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Halichondria panicea has two different seasonal colours, green and yellow, which may reflect the effect of temperature on the abundance of green microalgal species. There is, however, no definitive identification of the strain responsible for the colour change. This question was addressed by metagenomic analysis of the 16S and 18S rRNA V4 regions and comparison of chlorophyll fluorescence of the two colour morphs by epifluorescence microscopy. H. panicea samples were collected for analysis in four seasons in 2022 along the Northumberland coast, North East England. The chlorophyll concentration in green sponges was higher than in yellow sponges. Moreover, the bacterial and cyanobacterial abundance, diversity, and predicted bacterial functions were significantly higher in the green morph. The eukaryotic community in green sponges contained an abundance of specific green microalgal genera and higher eukaryotic abundance. Interestingly, yellow sponges had a higher abundance of golden-brown dinoflagellates known as the Dino-Group-I-Clade-I genus. These dinoflagellates exhibit parasitic behaviour in marine organisms. It is suggested, therefore, that the yellow colour is a sign of a diseased H. panicea rather than a seasonal colour morph. A comprehensive analysis of 16S and 18S rRNA sequences from sponge samples and their predicted functions provided a deeper understanding of sponge colour variations.
Satisfaction of Digestive Endoscopy Service Users with the Sedation by Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: HIDALGO-CABANILLAS Miriam , LAREDO-AGUILERA José Alberto , COBO-CUENCA Ana Isabel , MOLINA-MADUEÑO Rosa María , SANTACRUZ-SALAS Esmeralda , RODRIGUEZ-MUÑOZ Pedro Manuel , CARMONA-TORRES Juan Manuel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background The satisfaction of patients with sedation by nursing staff is an issue of interest for the quality of health care, influencing the recovery and well-being of patients as well as their confidence in and adherence to treatment.Aim To determine patient satisfaction with sedation via digestive endoscopies by nurses.Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in the Digestive Endoscopy Service at the University Hospital of Toledo, Spain. The sample consisted of 660 adult patients from the digestive endoscopy service who were sedated. The degree of satisfaction with the service was measured.Results Patients who reported satisfaction with the treatment were very satisfied with the sedation provided by the nurses. The most valued item was the attention of the nursing professionals. The least valued items were the waiting time for the appointment and the time spent in the waiting room on the same day. The incidents recorded during the test were minimal (2% of all patients). The sedative of choice was 1% propofol.Conclusions Most patients are satisfied with the sedation administered by nurses via digestive endoscopies, and complications were rare, supporting the efficacy and acceptance of this practice. Clinical practice guidelines and consensus documents in Spain guarantee that nurses have autonomy to administer sedation in digestive endoscopy services, but there is a lack of national regulations to support this technique. The current consensus in Spain is that specific training is necessary for such nurses.
The Effect of War and Siege on Children with Diabetes Admitted to Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gebrekidan Atsede , Haftu Hansa , Hailu Berhane Yohannes , Zenebe Dawit , Gebremedhin Migbnesh , Ebuy Hiluf , Luel Abadi , Gesesew Hailay Abrha , Siraj Elias S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The war between Tigray Regional Government in Northern Ethiopia and the Ethiopian Federal Government along with its allies followed by the accompanying siege between November 2020 and November 2022 led to the collapse of Tigray’s healthcare system. The present study compared diabetes care among children at the Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, during the war and siege period with that of the pre-war period.
Methods
We employed a retrospective cross-sectional survey using data from September 2019 to August 2020 (pre-war period) and compared it with data between September 2021 to August 2022 (war & siege period). We applied descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages and calculated Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation analyses to assess correlations as appropriate.
Results
We identified 143 admitted pediatric patients (56 in the pre-war and 87 during the war & siege periods) with a mean age of 109 months in both periods. A higher proportion of diabetes admissions were accounted for by diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during the war & siege period (90%) compared to the pre-war period (75%). The most common precipitating factor for DKA in the pre-war period was infections (35%), while for the war & siege period, there was malnutrition (47%), infection (46%), lack of access to healthcare facilities (31%) and running out of medicines (24%). Complications such as death, renal failure, cerebral edema, and shock were more common during the war & siege periods. The case fatality rate, which occurred at 9% during the war and siege (vs 0% during pre-war) was significantly correlated with the severity of DKA, the degree of hypokalemia, the presence of complications, and admission during the war & siege period.
Conclusions
Our study showed the negative impact of war and siege on diabetes care in children demonstrating a high rate of DKA admissions with increased severity, complications, malnutrition, and case fatality rates. People with diabetes especially type 1 deserve great attention during such a crisis as the lack of insulin could lead to severe complications including death.
Turbulent structures beneath semi-submerged simulated ice cover over smooth and rough bed in a shallow channel
Authors: Nyantekyi-Kwakye Baafour , Saeedi Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The effect of bed roughness on shear layer separation and the structure of turbulence in a shallow channel is evaluated. A planar particle velocimetry system is used to conduct detailed instantaneous velocity measurements beneath the simulated ice cover. The results show that although surface roughness modifies near-wall turbulence, once shear layer separation occurs, it becomes the controlling parameter of turbulence for flow shallow channels. The instantaneous velocity field show elongated separated shear layer underneath the cover for flow over the smooth bed compared to the rough bed. For the current shallow channel, the bed roughness significantly reduced the size of the separation bubble at the undersurface of the cover. The instantaneous size of the separated bubble expands and contracts depicting intense shear layer flapping at the undersurface of the cover, and this is dominant for the smooth bed flow. Close to the leading edge of the cover, the instantaneous spanwise vorticity magnitude shows dominance of small-scale instabilities akin to the Kelvin-Helmholtz type instability at interface of the separated shear layer. The Q-criterion and swirling strength revealed that separation of the shear layer generated large-scale vortices of varying length scale when compared to the bed roughness. The bed roughness promotes near-wall turbulence with elevated levels of Reynolds stresses compared to the smooth bed. However, at the undersurface of the cover, the high levels of turbulence were controlled by the flow separation. Compared to the bed roughness, a wide range of integral length scales are estimated within the separated shear layer, which contributed significantly to the generation of Reynolds stresses.
Role of Annexin 7 (ANXA7) as a tumor suppressor and a regulator of drug resistance in thyroid cancer
Authors: Bera Alakesh , Radhakrishnan Surya , Puthillathu Narayanan , Subramanian Madhan , Gana Nahbuma , Russ Eric , Pollard Harvey , Srivast Meera 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Thyroid cancer ranks as the predominant endocrine malignancy in the United States, boasting a generally favorable prognosis. However, a subset of patients faces a grim outlook due to the emergence of drug resistance. The progression and aggressiveness of thyroid cancer have been linked to the differential expression and mutation of key genes such as BRAF, Met, and p53, with the V600E mutation in BRAF present in over 60% of cases. ANXA7, a versatile protein with tumor-suppressive properties observed across various cancers, warrants attention concerning its role in thyroid cancer. Our investigation delved into the interplay between ANXA7 expression, BRAF mutation, and their impact on disease progression, aggressiveness, and drug response. High-throughput RNA-seq and protein array analyses revealed diminished ANXA7 expression in thyroid cancer, particularly in cell lines harboring the BRAF mutation. Treatment of thyroid cancer cells with BRAF and MEK inhibitors led to upregulated ANXA7 expression, decreased Ph-ERK levels, and increased apoptotic markers. Notably, our findings unveiled the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 as a novel regulator of BRAF-mediated chemoresistance. Combining drugs to elevate both p21 and ANXA7 levels synergistically enhanced apoptotic signaling. These discoveries shed light on a novel pathway implicated in thyroid malignancy and drug resistance, involving the ANXA7/p21/BRAF/MAPK axis. Our study marks the first elucidation of this pathway, offering promising insights into overcoming resistance to BRAF or MAPK-targeting drugs into treatment of thyroid cancer or even BRAF mutation mediated melanoma. Future translational endeavors, leveraging high-throughput functional screenings, are imperative for developing innovative ANXA7-based therapeutic strategies tailored to thyroid cancer.
Design and optimization of a novel solenoid with high magnetic uniformity
Authors: Zhu Xuehua , Xing Meng , Ye Juntao , Liu Xinyu , Ren Ziruo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Currently, solenoids are extensively utilized in various research fields due to their flexibility of fabrication and high magnetic field strength. However, the internal magnetic field of the solenoid itself exhibits some non-uniformity defects, which limits its application in some domains. In this paper, we propose a novel single-wound tightly wound solenoid structure with improved magnetic field uniformity. To optimize the magnetic field near the aperture of the conventional solenoid, an auxiliary solenoid with a gradually changing diameter is included at each end of the solenoid. By adjusting different parameters of the auxiliary solenoid, we mitigate the edge effect of the solenoid and enhance its overall magnetic field uniformity. The optimization of the auxiliary solenoids is achieved through artificial neural network techniques. Finite element simulation results with the optimized parameters show that the proportion of uniform areas can be improved by more than 5 times. The research results provide a reference for high-precision electromagnetic sensing applications based on solenoids.
Applied research using the NIOSH Lifting Equation to optimize the design of shopping trolley for the elderly
Authors: Hu Chuanmei , Huang Xiaolin , Jiang Gang , Hou Siqi , Wang Yong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In an ageing society, products designed for the elderly should prioritize ease of use and reduced physical fatigue. For the elderly shopping scene, combined with the ergonomic principles and Jack Human Simulation software analysis, a method of mapping NIOSH lifting equation to the product optimization design is proposed to optimize the dimensions and styling design of the elderly shopping trolley as a carrier, to optimize the length, dimensions of the elderly shopping trolley, including the distance from the ground. Dividing the handle height of the elderly shopping trolley into 795mm, 908mm and 1021mm to effectively reduce pressure on the lower limbs. Additionally, setting the basket size to 380mm×340mm×480mm and the height above the ground to 470mm can significantly reduce the risk of lower back pain for the elderly and improve their shopping experience. Optimized design of shopping trolleys for the elderly can effectively reduce the physical stress of the elderly and provide experience and methods for human-machine optimization of other similar products.
Positive youth development qualities improve mental disorders and addiction: A cross-sectional survey of teenagers in China under the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Liu Jiahe , Wu Ni , Ji Shuming , Hong Binxue , Jiang Lihua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background Positive youths development (PYD) has been found existing useful impact on the protection of mental health among adolescents in recent years. Anxiety and depression are the main representations of mental disorders in adolescents; meanwhile, internet addiction also is the main addictive behavior. The purpose in this study is to estimate the impact of general PYD quality (GPYDQ) on the anxiety, depression and internet addiction comprehensive; and considered the mental injury come from the COVID-19 pandemic furthermore.Methods 7426 valid questionnaires come from the follow-up of sociological investigation named Chengdu Positive Child Development (CPCD) survey. The corresponding international scales were used to evaluate the performance of PYD, the risk of anxiety, depression, and internet addiction, and the mental damage of COVID-19 pandemic respectively.Results The GPYDQ had a negative association with the score of mental disorders and addictive behavior, which meaning that higher PYD performance in adolescents was associated with a lower risk of mental illness and addiction. The CRIES-13 had the positive connection on the risk of anxiety, depression, and Internet addiction, and had the negative effect on the GPYDQ, which showed that COVID-19 was taking a toll on the mental health of adolescents.Conclusion The positive PYD attributes could effectively improve the mental health, and regulate the dependence on Internet addiction, and the COVID-19 pandemic also could aggravate the expression of depression, anxiety and Internet addiction, and damage their abilities of positive development.
M2 Macrophage-Polarized Anti-inflammatory Microneedle Patch for Accelerating Biofilm-Infected Diabetic Wound Healing via Modulating the Insulin Pathway
Authors: Yang Yushan , Fan Limin , Jiang Jingsi , Sun Jiuyuan , Xue Liangyi , Ma Xiaoyi , Kuai Le , Li Bin , Li Yong Yong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Macrophages play a pivotal role in the healing of diabetic ulcers. The sustained elevation of glucose levels damages the insulin signaling pathway in macrophages, leading to dysfunctional macrophages that struggle to transition from pro-inflammatory (M1) to reparative (M2) states. Therefore, modulating macrophage inflammatory responses via the insulin pathway holds promise for diabetic ulcer treatment. Additionally, the presence of biofilm impedes drug penetration, and the resulting immunosuppressive microenvironment exacerbates the persistent infiltration of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. Therefore, we designed an array of dissolvable microneedle (denoted as NPF@MN) loaded with self-assembled nanoparticles that could disrupt mature biofilm structures to deliver NPF nanoparticles, acid-sensitive NPF-releasing Protocatechualdehyde (PA) with hypoglycemic and insulin-like effects, regulating macrophage polarization to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Additionally, this study extensively examined the mechanism by which NPF@MN accelerates the healing of diabetic ulcers through the activation of the insulin signaling pathway. Through RNA-seq and GSEA analysis, we identified a reduction in the expression of pathway-related factors such as IR, IRS-1, IRS-2, and SHC. Our work presents an innovative therapeutic approach targeting the insulin pathway in diabetic ulcers and underscores its translational potential for clinical management.
Automatic diabetic retinopathy detection using an ensemble learning approach and classifiers with self-adjusting weights
Authors: Nadda Rahul , Singh Jitender , Shrivastava Ullas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common eye disease, can cause extreme damage to the vitals of the patients or even blindness. This disease can cause vision impairment and possibly full blindness in diabetic patients who do not receive the correct diagnosis and treatment in the early stages. Diabetic retinopathy must be detected early since the disease will gradually damage the eye. A computer-aided prognosis-based technique is currently being used to assist clinicians in identifying DR in its earliest stages. The existing approaches for classifying stages of DR have an inadequate ability to reliably detect early stages due to their inability to capture the complex underlying features. The present study aimed to automatically identify the stages of DR disease by evaluating retina image samples using a proposed ensemble machine learning approach with self-adjusting classifier weights. To improve the categorization of various stages of DR, the present study trained an ensemble of three deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models and two machine learning models (ResNet50, Densenet121, Squeezenet1_0, SVM, and decision tree as base learners) using the openly accessible Kaggle dataset of retina pictures, to encode rich characteristics. The study results demonstrate that, in contrast to existing approaches, the proposed model identifies all stages of DR and outperforms state-of-the-art methods on the identical Kaggle dataset, with an accuracy of 98.35%.