bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provider perspectives on the impact of COVID-19 on treatment of substance use and opioid use disorders among American Indian and Alaska Native adults
Authors: Richardson Meenakshi , Hirchak Katherine , Bajet Kelsey , Brigman Mariah , Shaffer Racquel , Keyes Beverly , Oliver Karen Anderson , Kropp Frankie , McDonell Michael G. , Venner Kamilla L. , Campbell Aimee N. C. 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionAmerican Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities are more likely to suffer negative consequences related to substance misuse. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the opioid poisoning crisis, in combination with ongoing treatment barriers resulting from settler-colonialism, systemic oppression and racial discrimination. AI/AN adults are at greatest risk of COVID-19 related serious illness and death. In collaboration with an Indigenous community advisory board and Tribal leadership, this study explored AI/AN treatment provider perceptions of client-relatives’ (i.e., SUD treatment recipients) experiences during the pandemic from 2020 to 2022.MethodsProviders who underwent screening and were eligible to participate (N = 25) represented 6 programs and organizations serving rural and urban areas in Washington, Utah, and Minnesota. Participants engaged in audio-recorded 60–90 min semi-structured individual interviews conducted virtually via Zoom. The interview guide included 15 questions covering regulatory changes, guidance for telemedicine, policy and procedures, staff communication, and client-relatives’ reactions to implemented changes, service utilization, changes in treatment modality, and perceptions of impact on their roles and practice. Interview recordings were transcribed and de-identified. Members of the research team independently reviewed transcripts before reaching consensus. Coding was completed in Dedoose, followed by analyses informed by a qualitative descriptive approach.ResultsFive main domains were identified related to client-relative experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, as observed by providers: (1) accessibility, (2) co-occurring mental health, (3) social determinants of health, (4) substance use, coping, and harm reduction strategies, and (5) community strengths. Providers reported the distinctive experiences of AI/AN communities, highlighting the impact on client-relatives, who faced challenges such as reduced income, heightened grief and loss, and elevated rates of substance use and opioid-related poisonings. Community and culturally informed programming promoting resilience and healing are outlined.ConclusionFindings underscore the impact on SUD among AI/AN communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying treatment barriers and mental health impacts on client-relatives during a global pandemic can inform ongoing and future culturally responsive SUD prevention and treatment strategies. Elevating collective voice to strengthen Indigenous informed systems of care to address the gap in culturally-and community-based services, can bolster holistic approaches and long-term service needs to promote SUD prevention efforts beyond emergency response efforts.
The mortality burden related to COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021 - years of life lost and excess mortality in 13 countries and sub-national regions in Southern and Eastern Europe, and Central Asia
Authors: Cawley Caoimhe , Barsbay Mehtap Çakmak , Djamangulova Tolkun , Erdenebat Batmanduul , Cilović-Lagarija Šeila , Fedorchenko Vladyslav , Gabrani Jonila , Glushkova Natalya , Kalaveshi Arijana , Kandelaki Levan , Kazanjan Konstantine , Lkhagvasuren Khorolsuren , Santric Milicevic Milena , Sadikkhodjayeva Diloram , Skočibušić Siniša , Stojisavljevic Stela , Tecirli Gülcan , Terzic Natasa , Rommel Alexander , Wengler Annelene ,   for the BoCO-19-Study Group
Published: June 2024

IntroductionBetween 2021 and 2023, a project was funded in order to explore the mortality burden (YLL–Years of Life Lost, excess mortality) of COVID-19 in Southern and Eastern Europe, and Central Asia.MethodsFor each national or sub-national region, data on COVID-19 deaths and population data were collected for the period March 2020 to December 2021. Unstandardized and age-standardised YLL rates were calculated according to standard burden of disease methodology. In addition, all-cause mortality data for the period 2015–2019 were collected and used as a baseline to estimate excess mortality in each national or sub-national region in the years 2020 and 2021.ResultsOn average, 15–30 years of life were lost per death in the various countries and regions. Generally, YLL rates per 100,000 were higher in countries and regions in Southern and Eastern Europe compared to Central Asia. However, there were differences in how countries and regions defined and counted COVID-19 deaths. In most countries and sub-national regions, YLL rates per 100,000 (both age-standardised and unstandardized) were higher in 2021 compared to 2020, and higher amongst men compared to women. Some countries showed high excess mortality rates, suggesting under-diagnosis or under-reporting of COVID-19 deaths, and/or relatively large numbers of deaths due to indirect effects of the pandemic.ConclusionOur results suggest that the COVID-19 mortality burden was greater in many countries and regions in Southern and Eastern Europe compared to Central Asia. However, heterogeneity in the data (differences in the definitions and counting of COVID-19 deaths) may have influenced our results. Understanding possible reasons for the differences was difficult, as many factors are likely to play a role (e.g., differences in the extent of public health and social measures to control the spread of COVID-19, differences in testing strategies and/or vaccination rates). Future cross-country analyses should try to develop structured approaches in an attempt to understand the relative importance of such factors. Furthermore, in order to improve the robustness and comparability of burden of disease indicators, efforts should be made to harmonise case definitions and reporting for COVID-19 deaths across countries.
Exploring personal aptitudes and personality traits that, together with social determinants, shape health behaviors and conduct: a thematic analysis based on the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behavior (COM-B) change system
Authors: Young-Silva Yudy , Berenguera Anna , Juvinyà-Canal Dolors , Martí-Lluch Ruth , Arroyo-Uriarte Paula , Tamayo-Morales Olaya , Marcilla-Toribio Irene , Elizondo-Alzola Usue , Méndez-López Fátima , Chela-Àlvarez Xènia , Motrico Emma 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionEffective implementation of strategies to promote health and prevent noncommunicable illnesses requires a profound understanding of the interaction between the individual and society. This study brings to health research the consideration of psychosocial factors that influence the maintenance and change of health behaviors and conduct. From a primary care perspective, it is crucial to propose a biopsychosocial approach for the development of health promotion and self-care programs that embrace personal aptitudes as a relevant individual aspect.ObjectivesTo explore experiences related to personal aptitudes and personality traits that influence health behaviors and conduct, taking into account the social determinants of health, through a thematic analysis based on the capability-opportunity-motivation and behavior (COM-B) system.Methods and analysisThis qualitative research is carried out from a descriptive phenomenological perspective, based on 17 focus groups in which 156 people participated. Inductive and deductive analysis techniques were used following Lincoln and Guba’s criteria of methodological rigor. In addition to 7 different triangulations of analysts, 6 main categories were identified based on the COM-B system: psychological capacity, physical capacity, physical opportunity, social opportunity, reflective motivation, and automatic motivation. The importance of considering these factors to promote healthy behaviors was stressed.DiscussionThis study examined how personal experiences related personal aptitudes and personality traits influence health behaviors and conduct in Spain. It was found that personality traits such as health literacy, self-efficacy, activation, and self-determination can influence the adoption of healthy behaviors. Likewise, the need for control, overthinking, and ambivalence made it impossible. Furthermore, social determinants of health and interpersonal relationships also play an important role.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04386135. Registered on April 30, 2020
Acrobatic training prevents learning impairments and astrocyte remodeling in the hippocampus of rats undergoing chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: sex-specific benefits
Authors: Martini Ana Paula Rodrigues , Schlemmer Livia Machado , Lucio Padilha Joelma Alves , Fabres Rafael Bandeira , Couto Pereira Natividade de Sá , Pereira Lenir Orlandi , Dalmaz Carla , Netto Carlos Alexandre 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundChronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) leads to memory and learning impairments associated with degeneration and gliosis in the hippocampus. Treatment with physical exercise carries different therapeutic benefits for each sex. We investigated the effects of acrobatic training on astrocyte remodeling in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus and spatial memory impairment in male and female rats at different stages of the two-vessel occlusion (2VO) model.MethodsWistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups of males and females: 2VO acrobatic, 2VO sedentary, sham acrobatic, and sham sedentary. The acrobatic training was performed for 4 weeks prior to the 2VO procedure. Brain samples were collected for morphological and biochemical analysis at 3 and 7 days after 2VO. The dorsal hippocampi were removed and prepared for Western blot quantification of Akt, p-Akt, COX IV, cleaved caspase-3, PARP, and GFAP. GFAP immunofluorescence was performed on slices of the hippocampus to count astrocytes and apply the Sholl's circle technique. The Morris water maze was run after 45 days of 2VO.ResultsAcutely, the trained female rats showed increased PARP expression, and the 2VO-trained rats of both sexes presented increased GFAP levels in Western blot. Training, mainly in males, induced an increase in the number of astrocytes in the CA1 subfield. The 2VO rats presented branched astrocytes, while acrobatic training prevented branching. However, the 2VO-induced spatial memory impairment was partially prevented by the acrobatic training.ConclusionAcrobatic training restricted the astrocytic remodeling caused by 2VO in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus. The improvement in spatial memory was associated with more organized glial scarring in the trained rats and better cell viability observed in females.
Social media behaviors and body type ideals predict weight loss and food tracking behaviors among recreational climbers
Authors: Slagel Nicholas , Kage Katie , Wichern Sarah 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionElite and recreational climbers may be at risk for disordered eating, low energy availability (LEA), and increased injury as a result. Social media use among athlete and non-athletes can lead to body image disturbances resulting in unhealthy weight loss practices exacerbating LEA and injury risk. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine relationships between social comparative behaviors on social media, body type ideals and outcomes, and health behaviors among adult recreational climbers.MethodsParticipants (n = 324) were adult recreational climbers from the U.S. (29.30 ± 9.99 years old and 50% female). Participants answered a 66-item questionnaire comprised of demographics, climbing characteristics, social media behaviors, body type ideals, training and nutrition-seeking behaviors, and weight and food tracking behaviors.ResultsMost participants (78.7%) indicated strength-to-weight ratio was important for climbing performance. Many participants perceived they could perform better at rock climbing if their body proportions were different (59.3%). These body type ideals were found to be significant predictors of performing weight loss and food-tracking behaviors (all p &lt; 0.001). Higher amounts of social comparative behaviors on social media and social physique anxiety independently and significantly predicted attempting weight loss to improve climbing ability (p &lt; 0.001 and p = 0.001 respectively). Those who followed climbing influencers, used Instagram frequently for training and nutrition information, perceived they could perform better at rock climbing if their body proportions were different, or were female and college-aged had significantly higher mean social comparative behavior scores (all p &lt; 0.01).DiscussionThis study expands on prior work with elite climbers by providing a possible explanation for how climbing-related body type ideals and certain social media behaviors can perpetuate negative body image and compensatory behaviors among a general climbing population. Because unhealthy weight management behaviors can lead to injury and health disturbances, broad education programming and social media campaigns should be developed to shift body ideals and nutrition behaviors among recreational climbers.
Analysis of surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic amyotrophy
Authors: Yu Zhong , Zhang Haofuzi , Wang Yanjun 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundCervical spondylotic amyotrophy (CSA) is a special type of cervical spondylosis based on cervical degeneration, which is mainly manifested by weakness and atrophy of upper limb muscles without obvious sensory impairment. Various diagnostic and treatment strategies used; however, discrepancies exist. We tried to discuss diagnosing and treating CSA.Methods15 patients with CSA were diagnosed in the Orthopedics Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, aged 42–70 years old. The duration of preoperative symptoms of amyotrophy was 6 to 240 months. 12 patients received surgical treatment, and 3 patients received conservative treatment. The patients were divided into two groups according to the site of preoperative amyotrophy. The manual muscle test was used to evaluate the patients' muscle strength pre-and postoperatively.ResultsDuring postoperative follow-up, the muscle strength of 12 patients improved to different degrees compared to before surgery. The improvement effect was excellent in 2 cases, good in 6, and moderate in 4. There was no decrease in postoperative muscle strength compared with that before surgery. The satisfaction rate of the effect was 66.7%. The two groups had no statistically significant difference in preoperative muscle strength. The postoperative muscle strength of the proximal group was significantly better than that of the distal group.ConclusionThe surgical effect of CSA of the proximal type is significantly better than that of the distal type. The recovery effect of amyotrophy after surgery for distal type CSA is poor; thus, surgical treatment should be carefully considered.
Perineural invasion as a predictor of local recurrence in cats with squamous cell carcinoma treated with electrochemotherapy
Authors: dos Santos Francielle Fernanda Quirino , Linhares Laís Calazans Menescal , Rocha Michelle do Carmo Pereira , de Oliveira Krishna Duro , Rangel Marcelo Monte Mor , de Nardi Andrigo Barboza 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant neoplasm that accounts for approximately 15–25% and 70–80% of all feline cutaneous and oral tumors, respectively. Similar to that in humans, feline SCC can be highly invasive locally; however, its metastasis rate is low. Thus, effective local treatment may be curative for most patients, and includes surgery, electrochemotherapy (ECT), cryosurgery, or a combination of these. However, this neoplasia can manifest more aggressively in some patients, leading to higher recurrence rates. In humans, perineural invasion (PNI) has been described as a relevant tumor dissemination pathway associated with high-risk SCC, resulting in higher recurrence rates, resistance to local treatments, and short survival. However, PNI and its prognostic value have not been described in feline SCC. This study aimed to evaluate the PNI in a feline population with SCC treated with ECT and correlate its presence with the occurrence of local recurrence and other clinical variables.MethodsTwenty-four cats histopathologically diagnosed with SCC between 2013 and 2021 were retrospectively selected from the medical records of the Oncological Center Vet Cancer (São Paulo, SP, Brazil). The inclusion criteria were ECT as the sole therapy, histopathological evaluation of PNI, and absence of distant metastatic disease.ResultsThe complete response rate was 96% (23/24), and PNI was identified in 33% of the cats (8/24, PNI-positive group), whereas 67% were free of this invasion (16/24, PNI-negative group). All PNI-positive cats developed local recurrence, whereas only five PNI-negative cats experienced recurrence. Local recurrence was significantly associated with PNI (p = 0.03).DiscussionThe results of this study are preliminary but promising. The data obtained are the first regarding PNI occurrence in feline SCC and pave the way for further studies, mainly to correlate the PNI with survival data and better define its prognostic value.
HOPE Mitigates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Ex-Situ Split Grafts: A Comparative Study With Living Donation in Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Authors: Rossignol Guillaume , Muller Xavier , Ruiz Mathias , Collardeau-Frachon Sophie , Boulanger Natacha , Depaulis Celia , Antonini Teresa , Dubois Remi , Mohkam Kayvan , Mabrut Jean-Yves 
Published: June 2024

Optimizing graft preservation is key for ex-situ split grafts in pediatric liver transplantation (PSLT). Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion (HOPE) improves ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and post-operative outcomes in adult LT. This study compares the use of HOPE in ex-situ partial grafts to static cold storage ex-situ partial grafts (SCS-Split) and to the gold standard living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). All consecutive HOPE-Split, SCS-Split and LDLT performed between 2018–2023 for pediatric recipients were included. Post‐reperfusion syndrome (PRS, drop ≥30% in systolic arterial pressure) and reperfusion biopsies served as early indicators of IRI. We included 47 pediatric recipients (15 HOPE-Split, 17 SCS-Split, and 15 LDLT). In comparison to SCS-Split, HOPE-Split had a significantly shorter cold ischemia time (CIT) (470min vs. 538 min; p =0.02), lower PRS rates (13.3% vs. 47.1%; p = 0.04) and a lower IRI score (3 vs. 4; p = 0.03). The overall IRI score (3 vs. 3; p = 0.28) and PRS (13.3% vs. 13.3%; p = 1) after HOPE-Split were comparable to LDLT, despite a longer CIT (470 min vs. 117 min; p &lt; 0.001). Surgical complications, one-year graft, and recipient survival did not differ among the groups. In conclusion, HOPE-Split mitigates early IRI in pediatric recipients in comparison to SCS-Split, approaching the gold standard of LDLT.
Changes in Muscle Mass and Strength in Adolescents Following High-Intensity Functional Training with Bodyweight Resistance Exercises in Physical Education Lessons
Authors: Koźlenia Dawid , Popowczak Marek , Szafraniec Rafał , Alvarez Cristian , Domaradzki Jarosław 
Published: June 2024

(1) Background: The growing prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and declining physical fitness among children and adolescents due to sedentary lifestyles has increased attention toward preventive intervention to tackle this issue. This study investigated the age-related effects of high-intensity functional training (HIFT), based on bodyweight resistance exercises conducted during physical education lessons, on muscle mass and strength improvement. (2) Methods: Adolescent males (n = 116) were allocated to four HIFT experimental groups (EGs) and four standard physical education program control groups (CGs) according to age (15, 16, 17, and 18 years [y]). The changes in muscle mass (absolute and relative to height [SMI]), hand–grip strength (HGS), sit-ups (SUs), and standing broad jump (SBJ) were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni tests. (3) Results: HIFT significantly increased muscle mass and scores in all strength tests (p < 0.01), while chronological age was significant for HGS (p < 0.01). Interactions between HIFT and chronological age categories were observed for HGS (p = 0.01) and SBJ (p < 0.03). Detailed post hoc tests revealed improvement in muscle mass across all chronological age categories for both approaches (p < 0.05). The 18y-EG group improved HGS over their control peers (p < 0.01), the EG groups significantly improved their SU results (p < 0.01), and SBJ improved in the 15y-EG and 18y-EG groups compared to their control (p < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: This research highlights the effectiveness of a school-based HIFT program in promoting muscle mass gains and enhancing muscle strength among adolescents. The findings offer valuable insights for implementing bodyweight exercises during physical education classes.
A Case of Ewing’s Sarcoma of the Temporal Bone in a 3-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Песоцкая М.В. , Ниделько А.А. , Киселёв Л.П. , Солодов А.Д. 
Published: June 2024

В статье описан случай саркомы Юинга височной кости у мальчика 3 лет. Саркома Юинга, возникающая из височной кости, встречается крайне редко. На ее долю приходится 4–9% первичных злокачественных опухолей костей, поражение черепа или лица наблюдается только в 1–4% случаев. Для дифференциальной диагностики использованы компьютерная томография, магнитно-резонансная томография, патогистологическое, иммуногистохимическое и молекулярно-биологическое исследование. Уникальность данного заболевания, отсутствие специфичности клинических и рентгенологических признаков, высокий злокачественный потенциал и раннее метастазирование подчеркивают необходимость раннего использования патоморфологического исследования, иммуногистохимического исследования с последующим комбинированным лечением. Применение современных комбинированных методов лечения – неоадъювантной полихимиотерапии, локального контроля (операция и/или лучевая терапия) и консолидирующей полихимиотерапии – позволяет достичь уровня 5-летней общей выживаемости детей с саркомой Юинга в 65–67%.
The article describes a case of Ewing’s sarcoma of the temporal bone in a 3-year-old boy. Ewing’s sarcoma, arising from the temporal bone, is extremely rare. It accounts for 4–9% of primary malignant bone tumors, lesions of the skull or face are observed only in 1–4% of cases. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, pathohistological, immunohistochemical and molecular biological studies were used for differential diagnosis. The uniqueness of this disease, the lack of specificity of clinical and radiological signs, high malignant potential and early metastasis emphasize the need for early use of pathomorphological examination, immunohistochemical examination, followed by combined treatment. The use of modern combined methods of treatment – neoadjuvant polychemotherapy, local control (surgery and/or radiation therapy) and consolidating polychemotherapy can achieve a 5-year overall survival rate of 65–67% for children with Ewing’s sarcoma.