bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Management of Adult Onset Age-Related Distance Esotropia
Authors: Mittelman David 
Published: August 2010

Purpose:
To study the effects of bilateral medial rectus recession for the management of adult onset age-related distance esotropia.

Methods:
Ten patients with adult onset age-related distance esotropia measuring 14 prism diopters or greater underwent bilateral medial rectus recession to eliminate the need for prism glasses.

Results:
In all but one case, the diplopia completely resolved postoperatively, with a median residual deviation of 1 prism diopter esophoria for distance and 2 prism diopters exophoria at near.

Conclusion:
Bilateral medial rectus recession is a useful technique for the management of adult onset age-related distance esotropia.
Fusarium Keratitis 3 Weeks After Healed Corneal Cross-Linking
Authors: Garcia-Delpech Salvador , Díaz-Llopis Manuel , Udaondo Patricia , Salom David 
Published: August 2010

Purpose:

To report a case of
Fusarium solani
keratitis after corneal cross-linking (CXL) treatment.

Methods:
A 23-year-old woman presented with corneal ulcer 4 weeks following a CXL procedure.

Results:

Microbiological studies revealed
Fusarium
species as the etiological pathogen.

Conclusions:

Fusarium
species may cause infectious crystalline keratopathy after corneal CXL treatment.
Reproducibility of an Analysis Software for Qualitative Observation of Elschnig Pearls
Authors: Hirnschall Nino , Neumayer Thomas , Buehl Wolf , Findl Oliver 
Published: August 2010

Background and Objective:
To determine the reproducibility of a semi-objective analysis software for the morphological analysis of single Elschnig pearls from retroillumination images of posterior capsule opacification.

Patients and Methods:
In this prospective study, images of eyes with varying degrees of regeneratory posterior capsule opacification and the presence of Elschnig pearls were taken. The size and morphology of single Elschnig pearls was evaluated from consecutive images using an analysis method called PearlTracer using three different modes: snake selection, where a few points detected the pearl border automatically; diameter circle selection, a circle function; and polygon selection, where several points were connected by straight lines. The interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility and the limits of the different modes concerning contrast were assessed.

Results:
One hundred fifty-eight retroillumination images of 55 eyes of 50 patients were included with a total of 857 pearls being analyzed. A high interobserver reproducibility was found, as well as a high intraobserver reproducibility. Furthermore, a significant difference in the pearl size and the pearl morphology between the three analysis features of the software was found.

Conclusion:
For the observation of single Elschnig pearls and their morphological changes, the semi-objective PearlTracer analysis software was found to be a highly reproducible and useful method.
Clinical Course of Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Angioid Streaks Treated with Intravitreal Bevacizumab
Authors: Teixeira Anderson , Mattos Tessa , Velletri Roberta , Teixeira Rafael , Freire Juliana , Moares Nilva , Bonomo Pedro Paulo 
Published: August 2010

Background and Objective:
To evaluate visual acuity and anatomical outcomes of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with angioid streaks after treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab injections.

Patients and Methods:
Best-corrected visual acuity, optical coherence tomography measurements (OCT), fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and ophthalmoscope examination at baseline and at each follow-up visit were performed. Five patients with CNV associated with angioid streaks were treated with injections of intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL). Re-treatment was recommended with symptomatic lesions, new subretinal hemorrhages, leakage on fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and/or fluid documented by OCT. Follow-up ranged between 18 and 32 months.

Results:
All eyes showed an improvement of visual acuity and were treated with at least four injections of intravitreal bevacizumab. Reduction of the leakage shown by fluorescein angiography and OCT was noted in all patients.

Conclusion:
Intravitreal bevacizumab appears to be effective in stabilizing and recovering visual acuity in eyes with CNV associated with angioid streaks. Patients with early symptoms might benefit more.
Resident Physician Operative Times During Cataract Surgery
Authors: Wiggins Michael N. , Warner David B. 
Published: August 2010

Background and Objective:
To determine resident physician operative times surrounding their 45th, 86th, and 121st cataract surgery.

Patients and Methods:
Retrospective chart review of 375 surgical records of 25 ophthalmology residents. Groups were compared with each other and to a published surgeon.

Results:

The mean operative times of surgeries 43 to 47, 84 to 88, and 119 to 123 were 39.9, 30.0, and 27.2 minutes, respectively. Surgical time decreased 25% from the 45th to the 86th case (
P
= .0002) and 9% from the 86th to the 121st case (
P
= .2049). Compared with a published surgeon’s time of 26.8 minutes, residents’ times were significantly longer around their 45th (
P
= .0001) and 86th surgery (
P
= .0012), but nearly identical around the 121st surgery (
P
= .7022).

Conclusion:
Significant decreases in operative time occurred between the 45th and 86th case. Smaller decreases occurred after the 86th case. Residents’ operative times approach that of a published ophthalmologist around the 121st case.
Late B Cell Depletion with a Human Anti-Human CD20 IgG1κ Monoclonal Antibody Halts the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Marmosets
Authors: Kap Yolanda S. , van Driel Nikki , Blezer Erwin , Parren Paul W. H. I. , Bleeker Wim K. , Laman Jon D. , Craigen Jenny L. , ’t Hart Bert A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Depletion of CD20+ B cells has been related to reduced clinical activity in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. The underlying mechanism is not understood, because serum IgG levels were unaltered by the treatment. We report the effect of late B cell depletion on cellular and humoral immune mechanisms in a preclinical multiple sclerosis model (i.e., experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis [EAE] in the common marmoset). We used a novel human anti-human CD20 IgG1κ mAb (HuMab 7D8) that cross-reacts with marmoset CD20. EAE was induced in 14 marmosets by immunization with recombinant human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in CFA. After 21 d, B cells were depleted in seven monkeys by HuMab 7D8, and seven control monkeys received PBS. The Ab induced profound and long-lasting B cell depletion from PBMCs and lymphoid organs throughout the observation period of 106 d. Whereas all of the control monkeys developed clinically evident EAE, overt neurologic deficits were reduced substantially in three HuMab 7D8-treated monkeys, and four HuMab 7D8-treated monkeys remained completely asymptomatic. The effect of HuMab 7D8 was confirmed on magnetic resonance images, detecting only small lesions in HuMab 7D8-treated monkeys. The infusion of HuMab 7D8 arrested the progressive increase of anti-MOG IgG Abs. Although CD3+ T cell numbers in lymphoid organs were increased, their proliferation and cytokine production were impaired significantly. Most notable were the substantially reduced mRNA levels of IL-7 and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and TNF-α). In conclusion, B cell depletion prevents the development of clinical and pathological signs of EAE, which is associated with impaired activation of MOG-reactive T cells in lymphoid organs.
Unique Requirements for Reactivation of Virus-Specific Memory B Lymphocytes
Authors: Weisel Florian J. , Appelt Uwe K. , Schneider Andrea M. , Horlitz Jasmin U. , van Rooijen Nico , Korner Heinrich , Mach Michael , Winkler Thomas H. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) are rapidly activated upon Ag re-exposure in vivo, but the precise requirements for this process are still elusive. To address these requirements, T cell-independent reactivation of MBCs against virus-like particles was analyzed. As few as 25 MBCs are sufficient for a measurable Ab response after adoptive transfer. We found that MBCs were reactivated upon antigenic challenge to normal levels after depletion of macrophages, CD11c+ dendritic cells, and matured follicular dendritic cells. Furthermore, MBC responses were possible in TNF/lymphotoxin α double-deficient mice after partial normalization of lymphoid architecture by means of long-term reconstitution with wild-type bone marrow. Activation did not occur when chimeric mice, which still lack all lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches, were splenectomized prior to MBC transfer. Together with our finding that MBC responses are weak when Ag was administered within minutes after adoptive MBC transfer, these results strongly suggest that MBCs have to occupy specific niches within secondary lymphoid tissue to become fully Ag-responsive. We provide clear evidence that MBCs are not preferentially resident within the splenic marginal zones and show that impaired homing to lymphoid follicles resulted in significantly diminished activation, suggesting that reactivation of MBCs occurred inside lymphoid follicles. Furthermore, comparison of virus-specific MBC T cell-independent reactivation versus primary T cell-independent type II B cell activation revealed unique requirements of MBC activation.
Systemic Anticancer Therapy and Overall Survival in Patients With Very Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Canavan Maureen E. , Wang Xiaoliang , Ascha Mustafa S. , Miksad Rebecca A. , Showalter Timothy N. , Calip Gregory S. , Gross Cary P. , Adelson Kerin B. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceTwo prominent organizations, the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the National Quality Forum (NQF), have developed a cancer quality metric aimed at reducing systemic anticancer therapy administration at the end of life. This metric, NQF 0210 (patients receiving chemotherapy in the last 14 days of life), has been critiqued for focusing only on care for decedents and not including the broader population of patients who may benefit from treatment.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the overall population of patients with metastatic cancer receiving care at practices with higher rates of oncologic therapy for very advanced disease experience longer survival.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nationwide population-based cohort study used Flatiron Health, a deidentified electronic health record database of patients diagnosed with metastatic or advanced disease, to identify adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with 1 of 6 common cancers (breast cancer, colorectal cancer, non–small cell lung cancer [NSCLC], pancreatic cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial cancer) treated at health care practices from 2015 to 2019. Practices were stratified into quintiles based on retrospectively measured rates of NQF 0210, and overall survival was compared by disease type among all patients treated in each practice quintile from time of metastatic diagnosis using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Data were analyzed from July 2021 to July 2023.ExposurePractice-level NQF 0210 quintiles.Main Outcome and MeasureOverall survival.ResultsOf 78 446 patients (mean [SD] age, 67.3 [11.1] years; 52.2% female) across 144 practices, the most common cancer types were NSCLC (34 201 patients [43.6%]) and colorectal cancer (15 804 patients [20.1%]). Practice-level NQF 0210 rates varied from 10.9% (quintile 1) to 32.3% (quintile 5) for NSCLC and 6.8% (quintile 1) to 28.4% (quintile 5) for colorectal cancer. No statistically significant differences in survival were observed between patients treated at the highest and the lowest NQF 0210 quintiles. Compared with patients seen at practices in the lowest NQF 0210 quintiles, the hazard ratio for death among patients seen at the highest quintiles varied from 0.74 (95% CI, 0.55-0.99) for those with renal cell carcinoma to 1.41 (95% CI, 0.98-2.02) for those with urothelial cancer. These differences were not statistically significant after applying the Bonferroni-adjusted critical P = .008.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, patients with metastatic or advanced cancer treated at practices with higher NQF 0210 rates did not have improved survival. Future efforts should focus on helping oncologists identify when additional therapy is futile, developing goals of care communication skills, and aligning payment incentives with improved end-of-life care.
Nationwide Prevalence of Inherited Retinal Diseases in the Israeli Population
Authors: Shalom Sapir , Ben-Yosef Tamar , Sher Ifat , Zag Amir , Rotenstreich Ygal , Poleg Tomer , Birk Ohad S. , Gradstein Libe , Ehrenberg Miriam , Deitch Iris , Mezer Eedy , Hecht Idan , Pras Eran , Ramon Dan , Khateb Samer , Zur Dinah , Newman Hadas , Kharouba Rawan , Goldenberg-Cohen Nitza , Leibu Rina , Soudry Shiri , Perlman Ido , Banin Eyal , Sharon Dror 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceData regarding the prevalence of various inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are limited and vary across populations; moreover, nationwide prevalence studies may be limited to a specific IRD phenotype, potentially leading to inaccurate prevalence estimations. Therefore, nationwide prevalence data are needed.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of 67 IRD phenotypes in the Israeli population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study collected nationwide data regarding the number of individuals affected with IRD phenotypes assessed in 10 clinical and academic centers in Israel as part of the research activity of the Israeli inherited retinal disease consortium. Data were collected in May 2023 on 9396 individuals residing in Israel who were diagnosed by an ophthalmologist with an IRD using either electroretinography or retinal imaging where included. Individuals with retinal diseases known to have a nonmendelian basis or without a clear genetic basis and those who were reported as deceased at the time of data collection were excluded from this study.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrevalence of 67 IRD phenotypes.ResultsAmong the 9396 participants in our cohort, the most common IRD in Israel was retinitis pigmentosa with a disease prevalence of approximately 1:2400 individuals, followed by cone-rod dystrophy (approximately 1:14 000), Stargardt disease (approximately 1:16 000), Usher syndrome (approximately 1:16,000), and congenital stationary night blindness (approximately 1:18 000). The prevalence of all IRDs combined was 1:1043 individuals.Conclusions and RelevanceThe current study provides large prevalence dataset of 67 IRD phenotypes, some of which are extremely rare, with only a single identified case. This analysis highlights the potential importance of performing additional nationwide prevalence studies to potentially assist with determining the prevalence of IRDs worldwide.
KRT81 and HNF1A expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: investigation of predictive and prognostic value of immunohistochemistry‐based subtyping
Authors: Rao Jia , Sinn Marianne , Pelzer Uwe , Riess Hanno , Oettle Helmut , Demir Ihsan E , Friess Helmut , Jäger Carsten , Steiger Katja , Muckenhuber Alexander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEven after decades of research, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a highly lethal disease and responses to conventional treatments remain mostly poor. Subclassification of PDAC into distinct biological subtypes has been proposed by various groups to further improve patient outcome and reduce unnecessary side effects. Recently, an immunohistochemistry (IHC)‐based subtyping method using cytokeratin‐81 (KRT81) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (HNF1A) could recapitulate some of the previously established molecular subtyping methods, while providing significant prognostic and, to a limited degree, also predictive information. We refined the KRT81/HNF1A subtyping method to classify PDAC into three distinct biological subtypes. The prognostic value of the IHC‐based method was investigated in two primary resected cohorts, which include 269 and 286 patients, respectively. In the second cohort, we also assessed the predictive effect for response to erlotinib + gemcitabine. In both PDAC cohorts, the new HNF1A‐positive subtype was associated with the best survival, the KRT81‐positive subtype with the worst, and the double‐negative with an intermediate survival (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) in univariate and multivariate analyses. In the second cohort (CONKO‐005), the IHC‐based subtype was additionally found to have a potential predictive value for the erlotinib‐based treatment effect. The revised IHC‐based subtyping using KRT81 and HNF1A has prognostic significance for PDAC patients and may be of value in predicting treatment response to specific therapeutic agents.
Steering Piezocatalytic Therapy for Optimized Tumoricidal Effect
Authors: Zheng Huijuan , Lin Huimin , Tian Hao , Lin Kaili , Yang Fan , Zhang Xiaohua , Ge Shengfang , Fan Xianqun , Jia Renbing , Ruan Jing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPiezocatalysts, because of their mechano‐electrical conversion properties, are exploited for various medical applications, such as sterilization, tissue engineering, biosensing, and disease theranostics. In particular, based on the unique advantage of the piezoelectric effect, piezocatalytic therapy (PCT) has been developed as a novel and promising candidate for tumor therapy. To optimize the utilization of piezocatalysts in tumor therapy, a comprehensive understanding of the antitumor mechanism associated with these materials is imperative. Here, the piezocatalytic action principle is elucidated by investigating piezocatalysts, reactants, energy inputs, and products. Subsequently, the antitumor mechanisms of PCT have been extensively discussed and are recapitulative as follows: restraining cell proliferation, inducing cell programmed death, hindering tumor metastasis, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, and enhancing antitumor immunity. Additionally, the optimized therapeutic outcomes of PCT‐centric synergistic cancer therapy are systematically described. Finally, the main challenges and future research directions of piezocatalysis applied in cancer therapy are envisioned. It is believed that PCT will serve as a new‐generation ingenious tool for cancer treatment.
Bridging OER Electrocatalysis and Tumor Therapy: Utilizing Piezoelectric‐Hole‐Induced OER Electrocatalysis for Direct Oxygen Generation to Address Hypoxia
Authors: Li Shuyao , Yang Meiqi , Wang Yan , Tian Boshi , Wu Linzhi , Yang Dan , Gai Shili , Yang Piaoping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn addressing the challenge of hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment (TME), a significant obstacle to effective cancer therapy, this research introduces a pioneering nanozyme engineered to utilize water and oxygen as reactants. Utilizing ultrasonic piezoelectricity, this nanozyme converts these substrates into oxygen (O2) and reactive oxygen species, thereby amplifying oxidative stress without relying on endogenous H2O2. This approach involves the strategic engineering of porous ZnSnOv:Mn nanosheets (named MZSO NSs), which are distinguished by oxygen‐rich vacancies and enhanced piezoelectric properties. This breakthrough represents the initial attempt to merge catalytic activities akin to catalase (CAT) with the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), confirmed through both enzymatic reactions and electrochemical voltammetric analysis. The predominant mechanism of ultrasound‐augmented oxygen generation in MZSO is identified as piezoelectric hole‐induced OER. Supporting theoretical analyses clarify the synergistic impact of oxygen vacancies and Mn doping on the dynamics of carriers and the OER process, leading to a notable increase in catalytic efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of piezoelectric‐enhanced OER electrocatalysts to alleviate hypoxia in the TME, providing novel insights into the development of piezoelectric acoustic sensitizers for the treatment of cancer.
Emerging Chemodynamic Nanotherapeutics for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Sun Dongqi , Sun Xinxin , Zhang Xuan , Wu Jiaping , Shi Xianbao , Sun Jin , Luo Cong , He Zhonggui , Zhang Shenwu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChemodynamic therapy (CDT) has emerged as a transformative paradigm in the realm of reactive oxygen species ‐mediated cancer therapies, exhibiting its potential as a sophisticated strategy for precise and effective tumor treatment. CDT primarily relies on metal ions and hydrogen peroxide to initiate Fenton or Fenton‐like reactions, generating cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals. Its notable advantages in cancer treatment are demonstrated, including tumor specificity, autonomy from external triggers, and a favorable side‐effect profile. Recent advancements in nanomedicine are devoted to enhancing CDT, promising a comprehensive optimization of CDT efficacy. This review systematically elucidates cutting‐edge achievements in chemodynamic nanotherapeutics, exploring strategies for enhanced Fenton or Fenton‐like reactions, improved tumor microenvironment modulation, and precise regulation in energy metabolism. Moreover, a detailed analysis of diverse CDT‐mediated combination therapies is provided. Finally, the review concludes with a comprehensive discussion of the prospects and intrinsic challenges to the application of chemodynamic nanotherapeutics in the domain of cancer treatment.
Planar Chlorination Engineering: A Strategy of Completely Breaking the Geometric Symmetry of Fe‐N4 Site for Boosting Oxygen Electroreduction
Authors: Wei Shengjie , Yang Rongyan , Wang Ziyi , Zhang Jijie , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroducing asymmetric elements and breaking the geometric symmetry of traditional metal‐N4 site for boosting oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are meaningful and challenging. Herein, the planar chlorination engineering of Fe‐N4 site is first proposed for remarkably improving the ORR activity. The Fe‐N4/CNCl catalyst with broken symmetry exhibits a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.917 V versus RHE, 49 and 72 mV higher than those of traditional Fe‐N4/CN and commercial 20 wt% Pt/C catalysts. The Fe‐N4/CNCl catalyst also has excellent stability for 25 000 cycles and good methanol tolerance ability. For Zn‐air battery test, the Fe‐N4/CNCl catalyst has the maximum power density of 228 mW cm−2 and outstanding stability during 150 h charge–discharge test, as the promising substitute of Pt‐based catalysts in energy storage and conversion devices. The density functional theory calculation demonstrates that the adjacent C─Cl bond effectively breaks the symmetry of Fe‐N4 site, downward shifts the d‐band center of Fe, facilitates the reduction and release of OH*, and remarkably lowers the energy barrier of rate‐determining step. This work reveals the enormous potential of planar chlorination engineering for boosting the ORR activity of traditional metal‐N4 site by thoroughly breaking their geometric symmetry.