bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industrial Routes from Sugars and Biomass to CMF and Other 5‐(Halomethyl)furfurals
Authors: Bueno Morón Jorge , Arbore Federica , van Klink Gerard P. M. , Mascal Mark , Gruter Gert‐Jan M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of 5‐(halomethyl)furfurals (XMFs, X=F, Cl, Br, I), including 5‐(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF), 5‐(bromomethyl)furfural (BMF), 5‐(iodomethyl)furfural (IMF), and 5‐(fluoromethyl)furfural (FMF), from biomass represents a pivotal advancement in renewable chemistry and engineering. Harnessing waste biomass as a raw material offers a sustainable alternative to fossil‐based resources, mitigating environmental degradation and addressing pressing energy needs. CMF and BMF, characterized by their enhanced stability over the hydroxyl analog, 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), exhibit promise as renewable building blocks for scale‐up and commercialization. The surge in research interest, particularly from 2010 to 2024, reflects a growing recognition of XMFs′ potential as novel platform chemicals. This review highlights the evolution of XMF synthesis methods, focusing on their transformation from saccharides and lignocellulosic biomass. Mechanistic insights and experimental setups are scrutinized for industrial feasibility and scalability, shedding light on technical challenges and avenues for further research. The analysis underscores the burgeoning significance of XMFs in the transition towards sustainable chemical production, emphasizing the importance of process optimization and mechanistic understanding for commercial deployment.
An energy‐efficient method using PSO clustering and fuzzy routing to reduce energy consumption in IoT
Authors: Motameni Homayun 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIn “Internet of Things” (IoT) technology, all objects can connect to the Internet with a unique Internet address. The sensors have limited energy resources due to their use of batteries in supplying energy, and since battery replacement in these sensors is not usually feasible, the longevity of wireless sensor networks is limited. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption of the used sensors in IoT networks to increase the network lifetime is one of the crucial challenges and parameters in such networks. These networks are subject to a variety of errors. Errors in wireless communication channels, network dynamics due to the mobility of nodes, and the potential for mistakes in mobile nodes are among the causes of errors in these networks. Despite the above failures, the development of routing algorithms in IoT‐based networks has become a significant challenge for researchers, so it is essential to provide routing algorithms to increase network lifespan and reduce energy consumption. In this study, a two‐dimensional network‐based architecture for the Internet of Things is presented. The proposed algorithm first organizes the nodes into logical cells and selects nodes in each cell as the cluster head. The cluster head is selected based on the binary Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Then, each node sends its collected data to the cluster head. The cluster heads first aggregate the received data and then use a fuzzy method to send the data to the base station. The proposed algorithm uses the remaining energy level parameter, cluster density, and location of each cell using fuzzy system capabilities and the particle swarm algorithm to try to route data with less energy consumption and increase network lifespan. The proposed method is simulated in ns2 software, and for a more accurate evaluation, we compare it with LEACH, Ant‐C, PSO, EABC, and SOA‐CH algorithms. We see that the proposed method performs better than other methods in terms of energy consumption and network lifespan.
Assessment of lipid profile and antioxidant activity of pulp, shell, and kernel of Moroccan Balanites aegyptiaca fruit
Authors: El Kaourat Asma , El Harkaoui Said , Kartah Badr Eddine , Choukri Hasnae , Guillaume Dominique , Matthäus Bertrand , El Monfalouti Hanae 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Balanites aegyptiaca tree is widely used in many countries where it occurs. However, in Morocco its nutritional properties and chemical composition have not been extensively studied. This study aims to investigate its potential health benefits, focusing on bioactive compounds found in the fruit, including the pulp, shell and kernel. The fatty acid composition, phytosterol content, triacylglycerols and tocopherol levels of the lipid fraction extracted from different parts of Balanites fruit were analyzed using chromatographic techniques. Additionally, the antioxidant activity was assessed through the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Results showed that the pulp, shell and kernel are rich in oleic acid, with percentages of 47.2%, 45.9%, and 41.9%, respectively. The linoleic acid content was consistent across all three parts. The shell had the highest phytosterols content, with β‐sitosterol being the most abundant in all three parts. The analysis revealed some variability in the identification of tocopherols, with the kernel containing the highest content of tocopherols, mainly α‐Tocopherol at 399 mg kg−1. The fruit, in its entirety, exhibits antioxidant activity as evaluated by three different methods: DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. Overall, the study demonstrates that the fruit of B. aegyptiaca growing in Morocco possesses properties that could be utilized in the food and medical industries.Practical Application: The fruit parts of the Balanites tree (Balanites aegyptiaca) are rich in fatty acids, tocochromanols, and phytosterols, exhibiting significant antioxidant capacity. This study reveals the potential of the bioactive compounds of the fruit, which offers substantial practical applications as a natural source of antioxidants in food formulations and nutraceuticals. By leveraging the bioactive compounds identified in this study, researchers and industries can investigate the development of functional food and cosmeceuticals formulations to enhance human health and well‐being.
Electro‐Organic Stereoselective Dehydrogenative Homo‐Coupling of β‐Naphthylamines Derivatives
Authors: Resta Simonetta , Medici Fabrizio , Andolina Stefano , Rossi Sergio , Benaglia Maurizio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical stereoselective dehydrogenative homocoupling of β‐naphthylamine derivatives was investigated and successfully accomplished, the chiral diaryl amines being obtained in up to 60 % yield. The use of an enantiopure β‐naphthylamine featuring an aminoalcohol as chiral auxiliary led to the expected 2,2’‐binaphthyl diamine derivative in up to 96/4 diastereoisomeric ratio. The application of the methodology to the intramolecular cross coupling of the enantiopure bis‐N‐β‐naphthylamine 1,2‐trans‐diamino cyclohexane led to the formation of a single enantiopure diastereoisomer in 37 % yield.
Study on the impact of digital economy on green innovation in Anhui Province through space–time evolution
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Shao Yuhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn today's digital economy, green innovation has become a focal point of global attention. This paper takes Anhui province as the research subject and discusses its carbon emission level through the method of space–time evolution. Moreover, it defines the role and impact relationship of green innovation, aiming to promote the development of green innovation in Anhui. This study adopts the spatio‐temporal evolution analysis method, integrating the green innovation data and digital economy development indicators in Anhui in recent years. Moreover, in order to deeply understand the internal interrelation between green innovation and the digital economy, geographic information system (GIS) technology and statistical knowledge are used. At the same time, the data from different periods and spatial scales are compared, and the spatio‐temporal evolution between them is understood using dynamic methods. It is found that in light of the current rapid economic progress, the level of green economy innovation in Anhui province is increasing overall, but at different spatial and temporal scales, the level of green innovation is slightly affected by the digital economy. In some periods and regions, the digital economy as a whole can promote green innovation levels, but the impact of this increase varies from region to region and over time. Through the analysis of temporal and spatial evolution, it is found that the level of green innovation in Anhui Province will be affected by the local digital economy, which is not regular, but presents the characteristics of diversity and complexity. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehensively consider the regional differences and progress of the digital economy to support the economic development and environmental protection of Anhui Province. Future research can be initiated by exploring the developmental mechanisms linking green innovation levels and the mode of digital development to provide more detailed policy recommendations for the advancement of green innovation.
Nalfurafine promotes myelination in vitro and facilitates recovery from cuprizone + rapamycin‐induced demyelination in mice
Authors: van de Wetering Ross , Bibi Rabia , Biggerstaff Andy , Hong Sheein , Pengelly Bria , Prisinzano Thomas E. , La Flamme Anne C. , Kivell Bronwyn M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe kappa opioid receptor has been identified as a promising therapeutic target for promoting remyelination. In the current study, we evaluated the ability of nalfurafine to promote oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation and myelination in vitro, and its efficacy in an extended, cuprizone‐induced demyelination model. Primary mouse (C57BL/6J) OPC‐containing cultures were treated with nalfurafine (0.6–200 nM), clemastine (0.01–100 μM), T3 (30 ng/mL), or vehicle for 5 days. Using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy, we found that nalfurafine treatment increased OPC differentiation, oligodendrocyte (OL) morphological complexity, and myelination of nanofibers in vitro. Adult male mice (C57BL/6J) were given a diet containing 0.2% cuprizone and administered rapamycin (10 mg/kg) once daily for 12 weeks followed by 6 weeks of treatment with nalfurafine (0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg), clemastine (10 mg/kg), or vehicle. We quantified the number of OLs using immunofluorescence, gross myelination using black gold staining, and myelin thickness using electron microscopy. Cuprizone + rapamycin treatment produced extensive demyelination and was accompanied by a loss of mature OLs, which was partially reversed by therapeutic administration of nalfurafine. We also assessed these mice for functional behavioral changes in open‐field, horizontal bar, and mouse motor skill sequence tests (complex wheel running). Cuprizone + rapamycin treatment resulted in hyperlocomotion, poorer horizontal bar scores, and less distance traveled on the running wheels. Partial recovery was observed on both the horizontal bar and complex running wheel tests over time, which was facilitated by nalfurafine treatment. Taken together, these data highlight the potential of nalfurafine as a remyelination‐promoting therapeutic.
Modern era systemic therapies: Expanding concepts of cure in early and locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Melosky Barbara , Vincent Mark D. , McGuire Anna L. , Brade Anthony M. , Chu Quincy , Cheema Parneet , Martins Ilidio , Spicer Jonathan D. , Snow Stephanie , Juergens Rosalyn A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCure of cancer is a sensitive and multidimensional concept that is challenging to define, difficult to assert at the individual patient level, and often surrounded by controversy. The notion of cure in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has changed and continues to evolve with improvements in diagnosis and treatment. Targeted and immune therapies have recently entered the treatment landscape of stage I–III NSCLC. While some initial pivotal trials of such agents failed to improve survival, recently approved epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors (in EGFR‐mutated NSCLC) and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown delays in disease recurrence or progression and unprecedented survival gains compared to previous standards of care. Additional data is now emerging supporting the benefit of treatment strategies based on alternation‐matched targeting (anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK] inhibition in ALK‐altered disease) and immune checkpoint inhibition in stage I–III NSCLC. Similar to previous developments in the treatment of early and locally advanced NSCLC, it is expected that statistically significant and clinically meaningful trial‐level benefits will translate into real‐world benefits, including improvements in cure measures. Parallel advances in molecular testing (e.g., circulating tumor DNA analyses) are also allowing for a deeper and more comprehensive characterization of disease status and treatment response. Given the impact that curative‐intent treatments have on survival, it is critical that various stakeholders, including clinicians and patients, are aware of new opportunities to pursue cure in stage I–III NSCLC.
3D mask based lung function monitoring system using machine learning for early identification of lung disorders
Authors: Bhansali Ashok , Rekha P. M. , Shahapure Nagamani H. , Pallavi G. B. , Punitha K. , Surendrarao Honnahalli Shruthishree 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEarly identification of illness can aid in lowering the death rate related to lung illnesses. Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and bronchiectasis are all chronic respiratory illnesses that cause irritation and oedema of the airway due to increased mucus discharge. Monitoring the asthmatic patient's physiological state is vital to avoiding dangerous circumstances. This study offers a regular lung function monitoring system that employs Machine Learning (ML) approach to aids in the prompt detection of symptoms of illness and the prevention of significant epidemics of the lung condition. A collection of sensors are coupled to the microcontroller in a 3D mask created using 3D printing technology. When a person wearing a face mask breathes in and out, the sensor values are instantly retrieved. The sensor data is sent to the cloud via a Wi‐Fi module for additional evaluation, and categorisation is performed using genetic algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The GA, SWM, and PCA algorithms identify lung sickness using data from sensors obtained from the 3D masks through the web interface. There were 250 participants in total, comprising persons from all ages, smoker and those who do not smoke as well as asthmatics. The classifiers are trained utilising a set of pretrained values obtained from freely accessible datasets. Furthermore, patients are alerted when physiological indicators deviate from normal and when favourable atmospheric circumstances change.
An Approach in Melanoma Skin Cancer Segmentation With Bat Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Abed Marwah Sameer Abed , Akbas Ayhan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTNumerous advancements and significant progress have been made in computer methods for medical applications, alongside technological developments. Automatic image analysis plays a crucial role in the realm of medical diagnosis and therapy. Recent breakthroughs, especially in the field of medical image processing, have enabled the automatic detection of various characteristics, alterations, diseases, and degenerative conditions using skin scans. Utilizing image processing methods, skin image analysis is instrumental in the identification and monitoring of conditions manifesting through alterations in skin structure. Notably, accurate segmentation of cancerous regions from the background remains a challenging task in the area of melanoma image analysis. The primary objective of this study is to achieve exceptional precision in delineating melanoma boundaries. Leveraging the Bat Optimization algorithm, we determine the optimal threshold for melanoma segmentation, effectively identifying the most accurate cancerous area boundaries. To evaluate the results, standard metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Dice coefficient, and F1 score are employed. In this study, we applied the Bat Optimization algorithm to determine the optimal threshold value for segmenting melanoma skin cancer, effectively identifying the most accurate cancerous area boundaries. For result evaluation, we employed standard metrics including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Dice coefficient, and F1 score, which yielded impressive values of 99.8%, 98.99%, 98.87%, 98.45%, and 98.24%, respectively.
Compact Linnik‐type hyperspectral quantitative phase microscope for advanced classification of cellular components
Authors: Joshi Himanshu , Singh Bhanu Pratap , Butola Ankit , Surya Varun , Mishra Deepika , Agarwal Krishna , Mehta Dalip Singh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHyperspectral quantitative phase microscopy (HS‐QPM) involves the acquisition of phase images across narrow spectral bands, which enables wavelength‐dependent study of different biological samples. In the present work, a compact Linnik‐type HS‐QPM system is developed to reduce the instability and complexity associated with conventional HS‐QPM techniques. The use of a single objective lens for both reference and sample arms makes the setup compact. The capabilities of the system are demonstrated by evaluating the HS phase map of both industrial and biological specimens. Phase maps of exfoliated cheek cells at different wavelengths are stacked to form a HS phase cube, adding spectral dimensionality to spatial phase distribution. Analysis of wavelength response of different cellular components are performed using principal component analysis to identify dominant spectral features present in the HS phase dataset. Findings of the study emphasize on the efficiency and effectiveness of HS‐QPM for advancing cellular characterization in biomedical research and clinical applications.
Development and Evaluation of Ontogeny Functions of the Major UDP‐Glucuronosyltransferase Enzymes to Underwrite Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Pediatric Populations
Authors: Farhan Nashid , Dahal Upendra P. , Wahlstrom Jan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUridine 5′‐diphospho‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) demonstrate variable expression in the pediatric population. Thus, understanding of age‐dependent maturation of UGTs is critical for accurate pediatric pharmacokinetics (PK) prediction of drugs that are susceptible for glucuronidation. Ontogeny functions of major UGTs have been previously developed and reported. However, those ontogeny functions are based on in vitro data (i.e., enzyme abundance, in vitro substrate activity, and so on) and therefore, may not translate to in vivo maturation of UGTs in the clinical setting. This report describes meta‐analysis of the literature to develop and compare ontogeny functions for 8 primary UGTs (UGT1A1, UGT1A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, UGT2B7, UGT2B10, UGT2B15, and UGT2B17) based on published in vitro and in vivo studies. Once integrated with physiologically based pharmacokinetics modeling models, in vivo activity‐based ontogeny functions demonstrated somewhat greater prediction accuracy (mean squared error, MSE: 0.05) compared to in vitro activity (MSE: 0.104) and in vitro abundance‐based ontogeny functions (MSE: 0.129).
Creatinine, cystatin C, muscle mass, and mortality: Findings from a primary and replication population‐based cohort
Authors: Groothof Dion , Shehab Naser B.N. , Erler Nicole S. , Post Adrian , Kremer Daan , Polinder‐Bos Harmke A. , Gansevoort Ron T. , Groen Henk , Pol Robert A. , Gans Reinold O.B. , Bakker Stephan J.L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSerum creatinine is used as initial test to derive eGFR and confirmatory testing with serum cystatin C is recommended when creatinine‐based eGFR is considered less accurate due to deviant muscle mass. Low muscle mass is associated with increased risk of premature mortality. However, the associations of serum creatinine and cystatin C with muscle mass and mortality remain unclear and require further investigation to better inform clinical decision‐making.MethodsWe included 8437 community‐dwelling adults enrolled in the Dutch PREVEND study and 5033 in the US NHANES replication cohort. Associations of serum creatinine and/or cystatin C with muscle mass surrogates and mortality were quantified with linear and Cox proportional hazards regression, respectively. Missing observations in covariates were multiply imputed using Substantive Model Compatible Fully Conditional Specification.ResultsMean (SD) age of PREVEND and NHANES participants (50% and 48% male) were 49.8 (12.6) and 48.7 (18.7) years, respectively. Median (Q1–Q3) serum creatinine and cystatin C were 71 (61–80) and 80 (62–88) μmol/L and 0.87 (0.78–0.98) and 0.91 (0.80–1.10) mg/L, respectively. Higher serum creatinine was associated with greater muscle mass, while serum cystatin C was not associated with muscle mass. Adjusting both markers for each other strengthened the positive relationship between serum creatinine and muscle mass and revealed an inverse association between serum cystatin C and muscle mass. In the PREVEND cohort, 1636 (19%) deaths were registered over a median follow‐up of 12.9 (5.8–16.3) years with a 10‐year mortality rate (95% CI) of 7.6% (7.1–8.2%). In the NHANES, 1273 (25%) deaths were registered over a median follow‐up of 17.9 (17.3–18.5) years with a 10‐year mortality rate of 13.8% (12.8–14.7%). Both markers were associated with increased mortality. Notably, when adjusted for each other, higher serum creatinine was associated with decreased mortality, while the association between serum cystatin C and increased mortality strengthened. The shapes of the associations in the PREVEND study and NHANES were almost identical.ConclusionsThe strong association between serum creatinine and muscle mass challenges its reliability as GFR marker, necessitating a more cautious approach in its clinical use. The minimal association between serum cystatin C and muscle mass supports its increased use as a more reliable alternative in routine clinical practice.