bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of multifunctional dendritic oligomers on material properties for vat polymerization
Authors: Flesch Maximilian Frederick , Funke Julius Alexander 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Stereolithography is a state-of-the-art 3D-printing technology that has increasing impact in the dental, hearing-aid and bioprinting industries. The mechanical quality of the final product is highly dependent on the composition of the resin, polymerization kinetics and conversion rate achieved during the printing process (Watts in Dent Mater 21:27–35, 2005; Uzcategui et al. in Adv Eng Mater 20:1800876, 2018). The object of this research was to assess the influence on mechanical characteristics of different molecular weight oligomers and multifunctional dendritic oligomers as crosslinkers in resins. It analyzed the resins conversion rate using FTIR spectroscopy and its impact on the viscosity using rotational (UV)-rheometry. The investigation on the influence of different molecular weights of the aliphatic oligomers were conducted on pure substances with TPO as initiator, while the study of multifunctional crosslinkers used a base material formulation containing two bifunctional polyurethane (meth)acrylate oligomers and TPO as foundation. It incorporated bi-, tri-, tetra- hexa-, and octadeca-functional acrylate crosslinkers which were maintained at an equal ratio of crosslinking to oligomer functional groups. The study demonstrated that mechanical properties can be effectively modulated through the incorporation of long-chain oligomers, revealing an inverse relationship between the Young’s modulus and strain. In addition, investigations into crosslinkers indicated that it can also be utilized to influence the mechanical properties without the inverse behavior of young’s modulus and strain. Large oligomers and crosslinkers significantly increased the viscosity of the resins at room temperature and, therefore, influenced the manufacturing process (Cross in J Appl Polymer Sci 13:765–774, 1969). Incorporating multifunctional dendritic oligomers as crosslinkers allows precise tuning of resin behavior and mechanical properties.
In Search of the Origins of Distance Hunting—The Use and Misuse of Tip Cross-sectional Geometry of Wooden Spears
Authors: Leder Dirk , Milks Annemieke 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The origins of weapons, and subsequent innovations, constitute a significant focus of archaeological research, particularly for the Pleistocene period. Due to preservation challenges, inorganic components of early weapons, such as lithic points, are often the only artefacts to survive. As a result, archaeologists rely on proxies for understanding performance and function of these lasting components including experimental research and ethnographic comparison. Within these analogical frameworks, and alongside use-wear and fracture analysis, morphometrics constitute a key method in assessing whether a point is a weapon component. Early attempts to use the cross-sectional geometries of weapon points (or tips), making use of complete archaeological specimens and ethnographic weapons as reference datasets, suggested clear demarcations between different delivery modes. Yet, subsequent studies have shown that there are considerable overlaps. Recently, it was proposed that on the basis of tip geometries, the earliest complete weapons, Pleistocene wooden spears, are best matched to thrusting spear use. Here we demonstrate that there are measurement errors involved in this classification, and that furthermore there are overlaps between thrusting spears and javelins (throwing spears) that undermine the use of tip geometries to define spear delivery mode. If the correct methods are applied, archaeological wooden spear tip geometries would fit within both thrusting and javelin categories, meaning this is not methodologically useful at this time. We overview the available archaeological, experimental, and ethnographic evidence and propose that these currently support a hypothesis that the technological capacity for use of distance hunting weapons was in place from at least 300,000 years ago.
Extracting accurate PDF data from in situ environment of materials using X-ray diffractometer
Authors: Shiramata Yuji , Konya Takayuki , Kobayashi Kentaro , Ishii Yui , Hiroi Satoshi , Yamada Hiroki , Ohara Koji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis is a technique traditionally used at synchrotron radiation facilities, but it is now possible to obtain adequate measurements using laboratory-based equipment as well. In addition, cryo-furnaces that enable in situ measurements while controlling temperature have been well established for some time. PDF analysis requires data from a wide range of reciprocal space, along with measurements at short wavelengths. However, the development of time-resolved PDF measurements, which can be captured within a short time span, has also made significant progress. In this study, we demonstrate the reliability of PDF measurements using laboratory equipment and perform a local structure analysis of materials exhibiting an interesting structural phase transition in LaCu6-x
Ag
x
through temperature-dependent in situ PDF analysis. By comparing these results with those obtained from synchrotron sources, we provide further validation of the laboratory-based measurements. Our results confirm that in situ PDF measurements obtained with laboratory-based equipment are reliable and effective for studying structural disorder in various materials.

Graphical abstract
Quantum Computing and the Law: Navigating the Legal Implications of a Quantum Leap
Authors: Balarabe Kasim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The rapid advancement of quantum computing presents unparalleled opportunities and challenges for the legal field. This article investigates the key legal implications of quantum computing, focusing on intellectual property, data security, regulation, and ethical considerations. The unique characteristics of quantum algorithms and hardware pose significant challenges for the existing patent system, necessitating a clear and consistent framework for protecting quantum innovations while fostering collaboration. The threat of quantum computing to current encryption methods highlights the urgent need for forward-looking data protection policies and the adoption of post-quantum cryptography. As quantum technologies continue to evolve, policymakers must work closely with stakeholders to develop adaptive, principles-based regulations that strike a balance between promoting innovation and mitigating risks. Moreover, the societal and ethical impacts of quantum computing cannot be overlooked; prioritising applications that deliver significant social good and establishing robust ethical guidelines will be crucial. Preparing the legal workforce for the quantum era requires a concerted effort to develop quantum literacy and expertise. By adopting a proactive, interdisciplinary approach, the legal community can play a vital role in shaping the quantum future, ensuring that this transformative technology upholds the rule of law, protects individual rights, and promotes the greater good of society.
Entheotopos. On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning Sacred Landscapes Creation in Ancient Egypt
Authors: Muñoz Herrera Antonio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The examination of funerary landscapes in ancient Egypt has traditionally encountered challenges in establishing comprehensive perspectives that could facilitate the formulation of theories explaining the paradigms governing the creation and evolution of these spaces. Indeed, in recent decades, with the advent of new methodological and epistemological approaches, certain foundational principles explaining the placement of necropolises, the organization of tombs and the symbolism inherent to these environments have been called into question. This article seeks to introduce a fresh perspective on the Egyptian funerary landscape and its role in shaping cosmogonic narratives, establishing sacred spaces and contributing to the cultural transmission of these elements. Employing a methodological framework rooted in emerging fields of study like cognitive archaeology, fractal geometry and a reexamination of Egyptian protoculture, we aim to provide a novel understanding of this landscape. Given the evidence we have presented, it has become necessary to articulate a new concept that crystallizes these innovative viewpoints and offers a fresh interpretive framework for the study of landscape archaeology, not only within Egyptology but also in the broader realm of archaeology as a whole.
Reconsidering the Ego-Syntonicity of Personality Disorder Traits
Authors: Hart William , Breeden Christopher J. , Cease Charlotte K. , Lambert Joshua T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Personality disorders (PDs) are thought to be ego-syntonic, but evidence on this matter is limited. To expand on the evidence, we examined whether people with varying levels of PD traits show tendencies to adjust their behavior to create correspondence with their (self-perceived) PD trait levels. Specifically, we examined whether people higher (vs. lower) in five PD traits would present the self to others in ways that expressed relatively more (vs. less) of those traits regardless of situational advantages. Nonclinical participants ( N = 343) self-reported their levels of five PD traits and then imagined participating in a study wherein conveying personality pathology to an experimenter could be advantageous (unhealthy-advantage condition) or disadvantageous (healthy-advantage condition). Overall, participants higher (vs. lower) in a PD trait conveyed relatively more (vs. less) of that PD trait to the experimenter regardless of experimental condition. Broadly, the present work has implications for understanding the ego-syntonic nature of PDs.
Strain Localization and Seismic Properties in the Heterogeneous Ailaoshan‐Red River Shear Zone, Southeast Asia
Authors: Li Junyu , Cao Shuyun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractStrain localization is crucial in developing crustal‐scale shear zones; however, a systematic analysis of deformation characteristics and their impact on seismic properties is still lacking. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of migmatites and granitic mylonites in the Ailaoshan‐Red River shear zone (ASRR‐SZ), incorporating detailed field observations, microstructure analysis, mineral crystallographic preferred orientations, rheological parameters, and seismic properties. Pre‐existing compositional and mechanical anisotropies significantly influence strain localization in the ASRR‐SZ. The southern part of the ASRR‐SZ is primarily characterized by crustal anatexis, suggesting these regions as potential initiation sites for strain localization. Strain characteristics in the ASRR‐SZ manifest in deformation temperatures (three ranges, ∼400–440°C, ∼470–500°C, and ∼730°C), differential stress (concentrated at 15.9–65.1 MPa), and strain rate (concentrated at 10−13–10−11 s−1). Notably, strain localization significantly alters the rock fabric and further affects the seismic properties of rocks. Significant differences in Vp values and orientations are noted between melanosomes (anisotropy of P‐waves: AVp = 6.8%–17.9%, Max. Vp along the X‐axis) and leucosomes (AVp = 3.4%–3.7%, Max. Vp along the Y‐axis). The seismic velocities and AVp in granitic mylonites exhibit a linear correlation with quartz content, and deformation conditions strongly influence their orientation. For a middle to lower crust thickness of ∼25 km, the delay times between fast and slow polarized shear waves are 0.3–0.66 s for granitic mylonites, 0.37–0.7 s for melanosomes, 0.22–0.31 s for leucosomes, 0.27–0.58 s for amphibolites, and 0.57–2.7 s for schists. The average delay time (dt) of these rocks along the ASRR‐SZ accounts for the observed delay time (dt = 0.58 s).
Extensive Oxygen Consumption in the Intertidal Infiltration Zone of Beach Aquifers—The Impact of Seasonal Input, Filtration Efficiency, and Morphodynamics
Authors: Auer F. , Ahmerkamp S. , Cueto J. , Winter C. , Holtappels M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSeawater infiltration into the permeable sands of beach aquifers creates a high input of biogeochemical reactants driven by tides and waves. The upper sand layer acts as a filter, retaining particulate organic matter (POM), which is degraded by bacteria under predominantly oxic conditions. The seasonal variation of seawater POM and oxygen (O2) entering the infiltration zone, combined with the POM filtration efficiency of the highly morphodynamic upper layer, determines the organic matter turnover and subsequent redox gradients along porewater flowpaths. We investigated these effects by quantifying the seasonal O2 consumption rates directly from the incubations of sediments taken along a transect in the seawater infiltration zone at Spiekeroog Beach, Germany. We carried out a two‐monthly year‐long sampling campaign with high spatial resolution measurements down to 1 m depth. In summer, O2 consumption rates of up to 106 μM hr−1 were found in the first decimeters with a significant decline over depth, indicating efficient retention of reactive POM in the surface layer. Seasonal variation in organic carbon of the sand's suspendable particulates indicates rapid turnover and little storage. In winter, rates decreased significantly to below 11 μM hr−1. Integrated over the investigated oxic layer, the estimated carbon mineralization varies between 15 (winter) and 143 (summer) mmol C m−2 d−1 with a yearly average of 73 mmol C m−2 d−1. The yearly CO2 production of 35 kg per meter shoreline characterizes the beach as a high‐throughout system with rapid OM remineralization in the retention layer, especially in summer, but with little OM storage.
Plyometric training increases thickness and volume of knee articular cartilage in mice
Authors: Chiaberge Marco , Thottappillil Neelima , Liphardt Anna-Maria , Furlanetto Anderson , Odell Dylan , Wang Christine , Hope Stephen , Smee Stephen , Rehfus Joseph , Niehoff Anja , Shelhamer Mark , Norman Colin , Philippon Marc J. , Huard Johnny , James Aaron W. , Fan Chen-Ming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Degeneration and thinning of articular cartilage lead to osteoarthritis and may result from reduced joint loading during e.g. bed rest or as a result of microgravity during space flight. Anabolic physical exercises for cartilage are not well studied to date. We built an experimental apparatus for plyometric training with mice to test potential benefits of jumping for articular cartilage. The exercise group (JUMP) performed jump training for 9 weeks and was compared with sedentary mice (control, CON) and hindlimb-suspended (HLS) mice (to simulate reduced loading) for the same duration. Knee cartilage was assessed via 3-dimensional reconstruction of micro-CT scans and histology. We observed significant thinning and volume reduction of articular cartilage at the medial tibial-femoral point of contact in the HLS group. Clustering of chondrocytes was present in HLS. By contrast, the JUMP group showed both cartilage thickening and volume increase. We observed a similar trend on trabecular bone thickness and volume. Our results show that plyometric training can stimulate cartilage thickness and volume in mice. This suggests further investigation of this mode of exercise as a countermeasure to prevent cartilage atrophy in disuse scenarios such as long duration spaceflight, and for patients at risk of developing osteoarthritis.
Transcriptional enhancers in human neuronal differentiation provide clues to neuronal disorders
Authors: Yoshihara Masahito , Coschiera Andrea , Bachmann Jörg A , Pucci Mariangela , Li Haonan , Bhagat Shruti , Murakawa Yasuhiro , Weltner Jere , Jouhilahti Eeva-Mari , Swoboda Peter , Sahlén Pelin , Kere Juha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified thousands of variants associated with complex phenotypes, including neuropsychiatric disorders. To better understand their pathogenesis, it is necessary to identify the functional roles of these variants, which are largely located in non-coding DNA regions. Here, we employ a human mesencephalic neuronal cell differentiation model, LUHMES, with sensitive and high-resolution methods to discover enhancers (NET-CAGE), perform DNA conformation analysis (Capture Hi-C) to link enhancers to their target genes, and finally validate selected interactions. We expand the number of known enhancers active in differentiating human LUHMES neurons to 47,350, and find overlap with GWAS variants for Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. Our findings reveal a fine-tuned regulation of human neuronal differentiation, even between adjacent developmental stages; provide a valuable resource for further studies on neuronal development, regulation, and disorders; and emphasize the importance of exploring the vast regulatory potential of non-coding DNA and enhancers.
High Intensity Interval Training and Arterial Hypertension: Quality
of Reporting
Authors: Bünzen Claudia , Oberbeck Kaija , Ketelhut Sascha , Weisser Burkhard 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe benefits of exercise have been well described for the treatment of
hypertension. Poor reporting quality impairs quality appraisal and
replicability. High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to be an
effective alternative to traditional aerobic exercise in patients with
hypertension. We evaluated the completeness of reporting of randomized
controlled trials (RCTs) with HIIT for hypertension and to compare both exercise
modes in reporting quality. RCTs of HIIT with a minimum duration of 6 weeks in
adults with at least high normal blood pressure (≥130 mmHg/≥85 mmHg) were
evaluated using the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT). Nine RCTs
conducting HIIT in hypertensive patients (N=718; 51.8 years) were evaluated. A
mean of 62.6% of items were sufficiently described, compared with 49.2% in
moderate intensity training interventions. Exercise dose was adequately reported
in 8 out of 9 studies. Only one study reported information on adverse events. In
a small sample of RCTs with HIIT in patients with hypertension we found a better
reporting quality than in moderate intensity training interventions. However,
reporting completeness is not optimal for a good replicability in clinical
practice. The lack of reporting of adverse events in interventions using high
intensities is particularly unfavourable.
Optimization of morphology, structure, and electrochemical properties of ball-milled graphene through modulating the ratio of grinding balls with different sizes
Authors: Zheng Ranlu , Wu Wei , Hu Miao , Li Bo , Tang Yongliang , Deng Hongxiang , Zu Xiaotao , Xiang Xia 
Published: February 2025

In ball milling, the process parameters are decisive in influencing the quality and performance of the final ball-milled product, and crucial but often neglected is the ratio of the grinding balls in terms of their size. Here, for a given number of large grinding balls, the ratio of large to small ones is set to 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 by altering the number of small ones, and how this affects the morphology, structure, and electrochemical properties of ball-milled graphene nanosheets is investigated. The results show that changing the ball ratio causes distinct changes in the morphology, structure, and properties of the graphene nanosheets. Increasing the number of small (6 mm) grinding balls decreases the nanosheet grain size monotonically; meanwhile, the crystal plane spacing, defect density, and specific surface area increase and then decrease, but the graphitization degree decreases and then increases. Ball-milled samples are then used as anodes for lithium-ion batteries, and both the specific capacity and rate capability exhibit the same trend of increase and then decrease. The ball ratio of 1:3 gives the best electrochemical performance, i.e., a reversible specific capacity of 262.09 mA ⋅ h/g at a current density of 100 mA/g, and even after 2000 cycles at 2000 mA/g, the reversible specific capacity is 87.4% of the optimal value.
Adjusting the microstructure and mechanical properties of near-liquid phase squeeze casting AZ91D magnesium alloy controlled through heat treatment
Authors: Zhao Chunfang , Ma Guangquan , Yang Xiaohua , Wang Ke , Ji Zesheng 
Published: February 2025

To address the issues arising from residual stress, structural non-uniformity, and component segregation in AZ91D magnesium alloy automotive differential brackets, this study comprehensively investigates the phenomenon of component segregation and the influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of near-liquidus squeeze casting (NLSC) of the AZ91D alloy. The results indicate that significant variations in cooling rates occur during alloy solidification along the casting and mold wall directions, leading to the predominant alloying elements segregating into individual clusters and promoting the primary presence of the non-equilibrium Mg17Al12 phase. By subjecting key components of the automotive differential bracket produced through NLSC of the AZ91D alloy to heat treatment, one can see that the solid solution treatment at 430 °C for 12 h alleviates the segregation phenomenon in the as-cast alloy, allowing the Mg17Al12 phase to basically integrate into the matrix to form a supersaturated solid solution. After aging at 330 °C for 21 h, the microstructure precipitates small and dispersed nanoscale short rod-shaped Mg17Al12 second phase. Compared with as-cast alloys, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation after aging have increased from 229.2 MPa to 3.43% to 256 MPa and 3.41%, respectively. Although the elongation change is not significant, its strength has significantly improved. Research has revealed that heat treatment has strong potential in strengthening NLSC forming AZ91D alloy castings.
Dissenting emails in academia
Authors: Rodríguez Velasco David , Ainciburu María Cecilia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This research studies a group of Chinese university students of Spanish as a foreign language (SFL) and observes
the macro- and microstructure of their emails and their pragmatic competence. In order to study the features and context adequacy
of their communication, a corpus of 135 emails written by fourth-year students was analysed to identify the uses and preferences
concerning subject lines and opening and closing moves, and to investigate the uses and functions of strategies related to
disagreement in their communication to a faculty member. Our results have reflected the obstacles that the vast majority of
students manifest in the use of Spanish when it comes to adequately achieving their communicative purpose in a given context. Data
also proved that the emails analysed were inappropriate due to insufficient mitigation, lack of acknowledgement of the imposition
involved and lack of status-congruent language.