bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrogen receptor immunohistoohemistry in carcinoma in situ of the breast
Authors: Bur Martin E. , Zimarowski Mary Jane , Schnitt Stuart J. , Baker Stephen , Lew Robert 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAlthough estrogen receptor (ER) content and its clinical significance have been extensively evaluated in invasive breast cancer, ER expression in carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the breast and its correlates are less well understood. Thus, using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique and paraffin‐embedded tissue, the authors studied ER expression in 100 breast tumors containing CIS with or without invasive carcinoma. The percentages of positive and of strongly positive nuclei were compared among histologic categories of CIS and between CIS and invasive carcinoma. The relationships between histologic features of CIS (cell size, nuclear pleomorphism, necrosis, extent of CIS) the patient's age, and the ER status of CIS also were evaluated. ER expression in pure CIS was compared with that of CIS with adjacent invasive carcinoma.Significant differences were observed between comedo CIS, which was frequently ER negative, and non‐comedo and lobular CIS, which usually were positive. A predominance of large cells, independently from other features, was the best morphologic predictor of ER negative status in CIS. ER in CIS correlated with ER in invasive carcinoma in 98% of cases (r2 = 0.677). CIS without invasive carcinoma was more frequently ER weak or negative than CIS associated with invasive carcinoma. There was no difference in the overall percentage of nuclear staining in CIS of women of premenopausal versus postmenopausal age; however, a higher proportion of strongly positive cells occurred in the postmenopausal group. The authors conclude that the ER expression in CIS correlates with pathologic features of differentiation and is similar to that of invasive carcinoma.
The relationship of prostate‐specific antigen to digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography: Findings of the American cancer society national prostate cancer detection project
Authors: Babaian R. Joseph , Mettlin Curtis , Kane Robert , Murphy Gerald P. , Lee Fred , Drago Joseph R. , Chesley Arthur 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe participating institutions of the American Cancer Society National Prostate Cancer Detection Project did 520 biopsies on 2425 men over a 3.5‐year period. A total of 88 cancers were confirmed pathologically, 93% of which clinically were organ confined. In 324 men (62.3%), a recommendation for biopsy was made based solely on the results of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS); in 69 patients (13.3%), solely on the digital rectal examination (DRE); in 116 patients (22.3%), on abnormal DRE and TRUS examinations; and in 11 patients (2.1%), in whom DRE and TRUS were normal, on elevated prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels. The TRUS was abnormal in 80.6% of men found to have cancer, and the PSA level and DRE were abnormal for 67% and 50% of cancers, respectively. The influence of PSA level on cancer detection increased as the serum level increased above 4 ng/ml. The positive predictive values of both the DRE and TRUS were influenced significantly by the presence of an elevated PSA level (P = 0.044 and P < 0.001, respectively). The results of this ongoing multicenter study support the following statements: (1) the prostate cancer detection rate is influenced by this diagnostic triad and (2) the detection rate of organ‐confined disease can be improved substantially by early detection programs.
Prostate‐specific antigen lewels in 1695 men without evidence of prostate cancer: Findings of the American cancer society national prostate cancer detection project
Authors: Kane Robert A. , Littrup Peter J. , Babaian Richard , Drago Joseph R. , Lee Fred , Chesley Arthur , Murphy Gerald P. , Mettlin Curtis 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe American Cancer Society National Prostate Cancer Detection Project is a prospective, multidisciplinary, and multicenter trial to assess the potential for early detection of prostate cancer by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), digital rectal examination (DRE), and serum prostate‐specific antigen assay (PSA). By November 1990, 2805 men between the ages of 55 and 70 years with no known signs or symptoms of prostate cancer were enrolled in the study, which is planned to run for 5 years. Annual TRUS, DRE, and PSA tests were done on these subjects, and biopsies were recommended for suspicious lesions when detected. To study the performance of PSA testing in presumed normal subjects, all men were eliminated who had (1) prostate cancer detected on their initial examinations and proven by biopsy or (2) cancer detected during the year or subsequent examinations. Additionally, all men with TRUS or DRE findings that were interpreted as suspicious for cancer but who are being followed and have not yet had biopsies done were removed from this series. This left a unique, extensively screened group of 1695 men who were free of prostate cancer, as far as could be determined. Analyses of the PSA levels in this large population in the appropriate age range for increasing risk of prostate cancer revealed several important findings. First, there was a direct relationship between serum PSA levels and estimated prostate volume for both the currently available monoclonal and polyclonal PSA assays. Individuals with benign prostatic hyperplasia and larger gland volume have a higher normal limit of PSA than men with normal gland volume. Second, analyses showed no relationship between age and PSA levels or between symptoms of prostatism and PSA levels independent of gland enlargement. It was concluded that volume‐adjusted upper limits of normal PSA can be determined for different levels of specificity desired. This information may be applicable to the use of PSA in men not already suspected of having prostate cancer and may increase its effectiveness as a tool for early detection.
Establishment and characterization of a human T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma ceil line (HT‐1) carrying an inversion of chromosome 14
Authors: Abe Masafumi , Tasaki Kazuhiro , Nozawa Yoshihiro , Tominaga Kunihiko , Fukuhara Shiro , Ohsato Toyoro , Wakasa Haruki 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA new human lymphoblastic lymphoma cell line was established (designated HT‐1) from the pleural fluid lymphoma cells of a patient with lymphoblastic lymphoma of T‐cell type. The HT‐1 cells expressed CD1, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD57, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) but lacked B‐cell‐associated antigens and myeloid‐associated antigens. In addition, HT‐1 cells had rearranged T‐cell receptor (TCR) β‐chain gene and γ‐chain gene but retained germlines of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain gene. These findings indicate that HT‐1 cell line represents a common thymocyte in the T‐cell lineage. Cytogenetic studies revealed that HT‐1 cells carry an inversion (inv) of the long arm of chromosome 14. This cell line is the second T‐cell line carrying inv(14) chromosome and may be useful for the molecular investigation of the cytogenetic break points of inv(14).
Coronary artery disease mortality in patients treated for hodgkin's disease
Authors: Boivin Jean‐François , Hutchison George B. , Lubin Jay H. , Mauch Peter 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe authors conducted a follow‐up study of the association between mediastinal irradiation, chemotherapy, and mortality from coronary artery disease in 4665 patients treated for Hodgkin's disease. Study subjects were followed after the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease until death or the closing date of the study. The average duration of follow‐up was 7 years; 2415 patients died, and 124 cases of coronary artery disease were identified from death certificates, including 68 cases of acute myocardial infarction. The age‐adjusted relative risks (RR) of death with any coronary artery disease after mediastinal irradiation and after chemotherapy were 1.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 3.80) and 1.28 (CI, 0.77 to 2.15), respectively. A significantly increased risk of death in the subcategory myocardial infarction was observed after mediastinal irradiation (RR, 2.56; CI, 1.11 to 5.93) but not after chemotherapy (RR, 0. 97; CI, 0.53 to 1.77). These results support the hypothesis that radiation therapy to the mediastinum increases the risk of coronary artery disease.
Megestrol acetate in cancer anorexia and weight loss
Authors: Tchekmedyian N. Simon , Hickman Mary , Siau Jessie , Greco F. Anthony , Keller James , Browder Henry , Aisner Joseph 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHigh‐dose megestrol acetate has been associated with increased appetite and weight. To examine the effects of high‐dose megestrol acetate in the treatment of anorexia and weight loss in patients with advanced hormone‐insensitive malignant lesions, a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial was conducted. Patients receiving megestrol acetate for 1 month reported a significant improvement in appetite and adequacy of food intake compared with those receiving placebo. A three‐item scale measuring appetite, adequacy of food intake, and concern about weight revealed a higher improvement with megestrol acetate than with placebo. Patients who worsened while receiving placebo had similar favorable changes after the cross over to megestrol acetate. These data indicate that megestrol acetate may improve appetite and food intake in patients with advanced cancer.
Patterns and risks of cancer in farmers in Alberta
Authors: Fincham S. M. , Hanson J. , Berkel J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractData on occupations and life styles of patients with cancer have been collected since 1983. To investigate cancer patterns and risks in farmers in Alberta, all farmers were abstracted and compared with nonfarmers in the data base, using case‐control analysis. Controls were patients with cancer at any site except the index site. Significantly elevated odds ratio (OR), adjusted for age and smoking, were found among the farmers for cancers of the lip (OR = 3.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.14 to 4.84) and prostate (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.55). Crude risk for lung cancer was significantly lower in farmers, but statistical significance disappeared when risk was adjusted for smoking (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.65 to 1.02). Farmers were at considerably lower risk of malignant melanoma of the skin, compared with non‐farmers (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.91).
Hyperthyroidism in men with germ cell tumors and high levels of beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin
Authors: Giralt Sergio A. , Dexeus Francisco , Amato Robert , Sella Avishay , Logothetis Christopher 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA retrospective review was done on ail high volume choriocarcinomas and other germ cell tumors of men with serum beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (beta‐HCG) levels greater than 50,000 mIU/ml to determine the incidence and characteristics of hyperthyroidism in this setting. Nineteen patients were identified with high beta‐HCG levels, but because 2 did not have thyroid function tests performed, the cases of only 17 patients were evaluable. Of these, 14 (82%) had primary testicular carcinoma and 3 (18%) had extragonadal tumors. Beta‐HCG levels on presentation ranged from 80,000 to 3,058,000 mIU/ml, with a median of 243,500 mIU/ml. Seven of the 17 evaluable cases (41%) had T4 serum levels higher than 12 μg/dl (normal level 4 to 12 μg/dl) with a median value of 15.4 μg/dl (range, 12.6 to 33.5 μg/dl); serum T4 levels correlated with beta‐HCG levels (r = 0.84). All seven patients with elevated T4 levels had beta‐HCG values greater than 200,000 mIU/ml, and three of these seven had clinical manifestations that could be attributed to an elevated serum T4; only one patient required specific antithyroid treatment; and after control of primary disease, all other patients had normalization of thyroid function. The most common manifestations of hyperthyroidism in our series were tachycardia, hypertension, and a systolic flow murmur; none of the patients had thyroid gland enlargement, We conclude that subclinical hyperthyroidism is a relatively common phenomenon in germ cell tumors of men with high levels of beta‐HCG and that control of the primary disease results in serum T4 level normalization.
Łojasiewicz inequality and exponential convergence of the full‐range model of CNNs
Authors: Di Marco Mauro , Forti Mauro , Grazzini Massimo , Pancioni Luca 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThis paper considers the Full‐range (FR) model of Cellular Neural Networks (CNNs) in the case where the signal range is delimited by an ideal hard‐limiter nonlinearity with two vertical segments in the i−v characteristic. A Łojasiewicz inequality around any equilibrium point, for a FRCNN with a symmetric interconnection matrix, is proved. It is also shown that the Łojasiewicz exponent is equal to . The main consequence is that any forward solution of a symmetric FRCNN has finite length and is exponentially convergent toward an equilibrium point, even in degenerate situations where the FRCNN possesses non‐isolated equilibrium points. The obtained results are shown to improve the previous results in literature on convergence or almost convergence of symmetric FRCNNs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance in adults of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Wang Guiyan , Liu Yanbin , Wang Aili , Tong Weijun , Zhang Yonghong 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundLow‐grade chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction have been hypothesized to underlie the constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors, possibly by inducing insulin resistance. In the present study, we investigated associations between inflammation, endothelial dysfunction biomarkers and insulin resistance [measured by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR)] in a large community population.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study among 2589 participants aged 20 years and older in Inner Mongolia, China. Overnight fasting blood samples were obtained to measure the plasma glucose, serum insulin and biomarkers including C‐reactive protein (CRP), soluble inter‐cellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1), soluble E‐selectin (sE‐selectin) and angiotensin II.ResultsAmong the residents of Inner Mongolia, levels of C‐reactive protein (7.58 versus 5.63), soluble E‐selectin (20.69 versus 17.93) and angiotensin II (51.80 versus 48.00) were all significantly higher in individuals with a higher HOMA‐IR than in those with lower HOMA‐IR. Higher HOMA‐IR was also positively and significantly (p < 0.05) associated with higher C‐reactive protein (odds ratio 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.19, 1.82), and higher soluble E‐selectin (odds ratio 1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.24, 1.88), adjusted for multivariables.ConclusionsElevated C‐reactive protein and soluble E‐selectin were associated with higher HOMA‐IR among residents of Inner Mongolia. This study suggests that inflammation and endothelial dysfunction may relate to insulin resistance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grundlagen der Naturstofftransformation
Authors: Berger Ralf G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractZur Intensivierung der interdisziplinären Aktivitäten und zur Stärkung der Mobilität im Rahmen der Dissertation sowie zur Straffung der Promotionszeiten hat die DFG bundesweit das Förderinstrument des Graduiertenkollegs entwickelt. 1998 sollen 10 bis 12% der Doktoranden über Promotionsstipendien aus solchen Graduiertenkollegs gefördert werden.
Enzyme ‐ Werkzeuge in der analytischen Chemie
Authors: Stein Kathrin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEnzymatische Reaktionen erfreuen sich in der klinischen Diagnostik sowie in der analytischen Chemie zunehmender Beliebtheit. Interessante Anwendungen werden vor allem durch die Immobilisierung von Enzymen und die Kopplung mit physikalischen Sensoren zugänglich.
Chemikerinnen und Chemiker im Marketing
Authors: Fulde Maria 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNachdem das Berufsbild des Forschers nicht mehr als das “allein Anzustrebende” für einen promovierten Chemiker erscheint, wird schon beim Einstieg ins Berufsleben über Alternativen nachgedacht. An einem Fallbeispiel aus der Praxis wird ein Weg gezeigt, der zu einem vielseitigen, erfüllenden und attraktiven Aufgabenfeld im Marketing führt.
Slipping of carbon nanotubes in a rubber matrix
Authors: Nah Changwoon , Lim Jee Young , Sengupta Rajatendu , Cho Baik Hwan , Gent Alan N 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe interactions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB) with rubber matrices are of great interest. Although both belong to the carbon filler family, their interactions are different. In this study the adhesion of CNTs, if any, with natural rubber (NR) was examined. Scanning electron microscopy examinations made on cryogenically fractured surfaces of a crosslinked NR sample containing 7% by weight of CNTs showed that the CNT bundles emerged from the side surface (narrowed by Poisson's ratio) and slowly slid back in when the deformation was removed. The protruded lengths were many times larger than the nanotube bundle diameters. This extensive slipping out of CNTs from the rubber matrix suggests that interfacial interactions between CNTs and NR are quite weak. In contrast, relatively strong interactions were found between CB and rubber, indicated by the large amount of bound rubber formation. Reinforcement of rubber by CNTs is therefore attributed to the large aspect ratio of CNT bundles. Physical entanglement with rubber molecules is then able to generate effective load transfer, replacing the strong adhesion found with CB. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Bereaved females are more likely to suffer from mood problems even if they do not meet the criteria for prolonged grief
Authors: Chiu Yu‐Wen , Yin Shao‐Min , Hsieh Hui‐Ya , Wu Wei‐Chun , Chuang Hung‐Yi , Huang Chia‐Tsuan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurpose: The goal of this study was to describe the gender difference of grief experience and mood distress among caregivers who cared for terminal cancer patients residing in a hospice ward.Methods: This study recruited 432 caregivers who cared for terminal cancer patients in the hospice ward. Caregivers received telephone interviews 6 months after the patients had died. The Chinese versions of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) developed in 1995 by Prigerson et al. were employed to assess the mood distress and grief status.Results: Total scores of BDI, BAI, and ICG were significantly higher in females. Six out of twenty‐one items of BDI, lack of satisfaction, crying spells, sleep disturbance, fatigability, somatic preoccupation, and loss of libido, showed significantly higher scores in females. According to BAI, inability to relax, dizziness, fear of dying, fright, flushed face, and hot/cold sweats were significantly higher in females. After adjustment for potential confounders, the results show that female gender is associated with higher BDI (regression coefficient 3.24, 95% CI: 1.48–4.99), BAI (3.8; 1.11–6.50), and ICG (4.25, 1.09–7.40). Dichotomizing the BDI, BAI, and ICG into severe and nonsevere cases, the results showed that gender only contributes to severe anxiety status (BAI≧36), but not to severe depression (BDI≧29) or to prolonged grief (ICG≧25).Conclusions: Bereaved females had higher scores for depression and anxiety than males. Female gender is associated with severe anxiety; however, it is not associated with severe depression or prolonged grief. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caregiver burden among poor caregivers of patients with cancer in an urban African setting
Authors: Yusuf Abdulkareem Jika , Adamu Abdullahi , Nuhu Folorunsho Tajudeen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectives: The nature and magnitude of the problems facing caregivers remain largely unknown in developing countries of the world. This study addresses these issues in a group of caregivers of patients with cancer in Zaria, Nigeria.Method: One hundred and three patients attending an oncology outpatient clinic at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital were enrolled in the study with their caregivers. The caregivers were interviewed using the Socio‐demographic data sheet, General Health Questionnaire‐30 (GHQ‐30) and Zarith Burden Interview (ZBI). A score of 4 or more in GHQ and scores above the median score of the sample in ZBI were considered a clinically significant level of psychological morbidity and a high level of burden, respectively. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 13 for Windows. All statistical tests of significance were carried out at 5% level of probability.Results: The patients were 60 women whose mean age was 57. Of the 103 caregivers, 60 (58%) were men and 43 (42%) were women. Their mean age was 37. Their mean ZBI and GHQ‐30 scores were 29.16±12.8 (median = 25) and 3.67±3.01, respectively. A high level of burden was found in 49.5% (95% CI 39.9–59.1%) and psychological morbidity was found in 46.6% (95% CI 37.0–56.2%) of the caregivers. High levels of burden and psychological morbidity were significantly associated with absence of financial support.Conclusion: The study demonstrated a high level of caregiver burden, psychological morbidity and financial strain in family caregivers coming to the clinic with a relative who has cancer in an urban Nigerian setting. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐scale comparison of protein essential dynamics from molecular dynamics simulations and coarse‐grained normal mode analyses
Authors: Ahmed Aqeel , Villinger Saskia , Gohlke Holger 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA large‐scale comparison of essential dynamics (ED) modes from molecular dynamic simulations and normal modes from coarse‐grained normal mode methods (CGNM) was performed on a dataset of 335 proteins. As CGNM methods, the elastic network model (ENM) and the rigid cluster normal mode analysis (RCNMA) were used. Low‐frequency normal modes from ENM correlate very well with ED modes in terms of directions of motions and relative amplitudes of motions. Notably, a similar performance was found if normal modes from RCNMA were used, despite a higher level of coarse graining. On average, the space spanned by the first quarter of ENM modes describes 84% of the space spanned by the five ED modes. Furthermore, no prominent differences for ED and CGNM modes among different protein structure classes (CATH classification) were found. This demonstrates the general potential of CGNM approaches for describing intrinsic motions of proteins with little computational cost. For selected cases, CGNM modes were found to be more robust among proteins that have the same topology or are of the same homologous superfamily than ED modes. In view of recent evidence regarding evolutionary conservation of vibrational dynamics, this suggests that ED modes, in some cases, might not be representative of the underlying dynamics that are characteristic of a whole family, probably due to insufficient sampling of some of the family members by MD. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.