bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic cell grinder extraction of anthraquinones from Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and determination by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Wang Guo‐Ying , Qi Huan‐Yang , Shi Yan‐Ping 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn ultrasonic cell grinder extraction (UCGE) method has been developed and applied to extract five anthraquinones (physcion, chrysophanol, emodin, rhein, and aloe‐emodin) from Radix et Rhizoma Rhei. Several parameters of UCGE procedure, including ultrasonic cell grinder running mode, type and volume of extraction solvent and extraction time, were optimized. The determination was preformed on a Waters ultra‐performance LC BEH C18 column using gradient elution system. A baseline separation could be achieved in less than 7.5 min with high resolution. Under the optimized conditions, contents of physcion, chrysophanol, emodin, rhein and aloe‐emodin in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei collected from different cultivated areas were 0–4.22, 0.11–27.64, 0.09–3.49, 0.31–3.31 and 0.13–2.93 mg/g, respectively. Compared with reflux, maceration and ultrasonic bath extractions, the UCGE method was more efficient, faster and easier to be operated, and required lower extraction temperature and less solvent. The results indicated that UCGE was a novel and ideal method for extracting bioactive constituents from plant samples.
Screening of antioxidant phenolic compounds in Chinese Rhubarb combining fast counter‐current chromatography fractionation and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Hu Ruilin , Lu Yanbin , Dai Xiaojing , Pan Yuanjiang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper, an effective method combing fast elution‐extrusion counter‐current chromatography (CCC) and LC/MS for rapid screening of antioxidative phenolic compounds in Chinese Rhubarb is presented. An integrated three‐coil CCC column (40 mL each coil) was used to accomplish the optimization of biphasic liquid system. In a single run (approximately 40 min), the solvent system composed of n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:1:1:1, v/v) was selected as optimum CCC liquid system for fast fractionation of the crude ethanol extract. With a 140 mL‐capacity CCC instrument, 100 mg Chinese Rhubarb extract was separated under the optimized conditions, producing six fractions in only 100 min. The quantities of each fraction were ∼15 mg. In addition, each fraction was subjected to antioxidant activity assay and characterized by LC/MS analysis. Fifty compounds, including phenolic acids, phenolic glucosides and hydroxyanthraquinones, were detected by LC/MS/MS analysis. As a result, gallic acid together with Fr I showed excellent antioxidant activity, which was well consistent with previous studies and exhibited great potential for natural drug discovery program of the present method.
Subcritical fluid chromatography of water soluble nucleobases on various polar stationary phases facilitated with alcohol‐modified CO2 and water as the polar additive
Authors: Ashraf‐Khorassani Mehdi , Taylor Larry T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe separation of four water soluble nucleobases (thymine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine) via supercritical fluid chromatography with a CO2‐based mobile phase containing an alcohol modifier and additive is described. Methanol, ethanol, 1‐propanol, and 1‐butanol were examined in conjunction with water as a neutral additive. Packed column stationary phases included silica bonded diol, cyanopropyl, and 2‐ethyl pyridine. Thymine and uracil eluted with good peak shapes without additive, while adenine and cytosine yielded late eluting, severely tailing peaks. The addition of up to 5% water to each of the five alcohols gave rise to much sharper peaks that eluted under gradient conditions in less than 10 min with no baseline noise. Results with water under identical chromatographic conditions were compared with formic acid and ammonium acetate as additives. Water proved to be much superior to formic acid, and it was comparable to ammonium acetate. The role of water was speculated to not only enhance the solvating power of the binary mobile phase for water soluble analytes, but the common elution pattern exhibited by each of the three stationary phases suggested that water had altered the surface chemistry of the packed phase.
A discontinuous enrichment method for the efficient solution of plate vibration problems in the medium‐frequency regime
Authors: Massimi Paolo , Tezaur Radek , Farhat Charbel 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA discontinuous enrichment method (DEM) is presented for the efficient discretization of plate vibration problems in the medium‐frequency regime. This method enriches the polynomial shape functions of the classical finite element discretization with free‐space solutions of the biharmonic operator governing the elastic vibrations of an infinite Kirchhoff plate. These free‐space solutions, which represent flexural waves and decaying modes, are discontinuous across the element interfaces. For this reason, two different and carefully constructed Lagrange multiplier approximations are introduced along the element edges to enforce a weak continuity of the transversal displacement and its normal derivative, and discrete Lagrange multipliers are introduced at the element corners to enforce there a weak continuity of the transversal displacement. The proposed DEM is illustrated with the solution of sample plate vibration problems with different types of harmonic loading in the medium‐frequency regime, away from and close to resonance. In all cases, its performance is found to be significantly superior to that of the classical higher‐order finite element method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemokine/chemokine receptor interactions in extramedullary leukaemia of the skin in childhood AML: Differential roles for CCR2, CCR5, CXCR4 and CXCR7
Authors: Faaij Claudia M.J.M. , Willemze Annemieke J. , Révész Tom , Balzarolo Melania , Tensen Cornelis P. , Hoogeboom Manja , Vermeer Maarten H. , van Wering Elisabeth , Zwaan Christian M. , Kaspers Gertjan J.L. , Story Colin , van Halteren Astrid G.S. , Vossen Jaak M. , Egeler R. Maarten , van Tol Maarten J.D. , Annels Nicola E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChemokine receptor/ligand interactions orchestrate the migration of cells to peripheral tissues such as the skin. We analysed chemokine receptor expression by acute myeloid leukaemic (AML) cells present in peripheral blood (n = 7), bone marrow (n = 6), or skin (n = 11) obtained from 15 paediatric AML patients with skin involvement and in 10 AML patients without skin involvement. High percentages of circulating CCR2pos AML cells were only detected in patients with extramedullary disease. Skin‐residing AML cells displayed a different set of receptors in situ, namely: CCR5, CXCR4, CXCR7 and CX3CR1. These results suggest the involvement of different chemokine/chemokine receptor interactions in homing and retention of AML blasts in the skin. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:344–348. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
A novel G473A mutation in the glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase gene
Authors: Chen Xiaowen , Yue Lijie , Li Chengrong , Li Changgang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHereditary deficiency in human glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is mostly caused by single nucleotide change in the G6PD gene which leads to single amino acid substitution. In 104 cases of Chinese children with G6PD deficiency, RT‐PCR‐DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) combined with DNA sequencing was carried out to screen the mutations within the coding region of G6PD gene. A novel missense mutation (G473A), predicting a Cys‐to‐Tyr substitution at codon 158, was identified in a male infant patient and confirmed in his mother. This G6PD variant (158 Tyr) showed decreased enzyme activity, belonging to WHO Class II. We designated this variant as G6PD Shenzhen by the birthplace of the propositus. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:383–385. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Solitary, extracutaneous, skull‐based juvenile xanthogranuloma
Authors: De Paula André Maues , André Nicolas , Fernandez Carla , Coulibaly Bema , Scavarda Didier , Lena Gabriel , Bouvier Corinne 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe report a case of an 18‐month‐old female who presented an occipital bone lesion with progressive growth. Imaging studies showed a left extradural, skull‐based tumor partially occupying the posterior fossa. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies confirmed a juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG). Partial surgical resection, chemotherapy, and conformational radiotherapy were used. Exclusive extracutaneous JXG with an intracranial, vertebral, or skull‐based localization is extremely rare. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:380–382. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
The proteome complement of Nicotiana tabacum Bright‐Yellow‐2 culture cells
Authors: Duby Geoffrey , Degand Hervé , Faber Anne‐Marie , Boutry Marc 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe Nicotiana tabacum Bright‐Yellow‐2 (BY2) cell line is one of most commonly used plant suspension cell lines and offers interesting properties, such as fast growth, amenability to genetic transformation, and synchronization of cell division. To build a proteome reference map of BY2 cell proteins, we isolated the soluble proteins from N. tabacum BY2 cells at the end of the exponential growth phase and analyzed them by 2‐DE and MALDI TOF‐TOF. Of the 1422 spots isolated, 795 were identified with a significant score, corresponding to 532 distinct proteins.
Breaking the covalent connection: Chain connectivity and the catalytic reaction of PMM/PGM
Authors: Schramm Andrew M. , Karr Dale , Mehra‐Chaudhary Ritcha , Van Doren Steven R. , Furdui Cristina M. , Beamer Lesa J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFragment complementation has been used to investigate the role of chain connectivity in the catalytic reaction of phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase (PMM/PGM) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a human pathogen. A heterodimer of PMM/PGM, created from fragments corresponding to its first three and fourth domains, was constructed and enzyme activity reconstituted. NMR spectra demonstrate that the fragment corresponding to the fourth (C‐terminal) domain exists as a highly structured, independent folding domain, consistent with its varied conformation observed in enzyme–substrate complexes. Steady‐state kinetics and thermodynamics studies reported here show that complete conformational freedom of Domain 4, because of the break in the polypeptide chain, is deleterious to catalytic efficiency primarily as a consequence of increased entropy. This extends observations from studies of the intact enzyme, which showed that the degree of flexibility of a hinge region is controlled by the precise sequence of amino acids optimized through evolutionary constraints. This work also sheds light on the functional advantage gained by combining separate folding domains into a single polypeptide chain.
Evaporation of microscopic black holes in string theory and the bound on species
Authors: Dvali G. , Lüst D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe address the question how string compactifications with D‐branes are consistent with the black hole bound, which arises in any theory with number of particle species to which the black holes can evaporate. For the Kaluza‐Klein particles, both longitudinal and transversal to the D‐branes, it is relatively easy to see that the black hole bound is saturated, and the geometric relations can be understood in the language of species‐counting. We next address the question of the black hole evaporation into the higher string states and discover, that contrary to the naive intuition, the exponentially growing number of Regge states does not preclude the existence of semi‐classical black holes of sub‐stringy size. Our analysis indicates that the effective number of string resonances to which such micro black holes evaporate is not exponentially large but is bounded by N = 1/gs2, which suggests the interpretation of the well‐known relation between the Planck and string scales as the saturation of the black hole bound on the species number. In addition, we also discuss some other issues in D‐brane compactifications with a low string scale of order TeV, such as the masses of light moduli fields.
Black holes and large N species solution to the hierarchy problem
Authors: Dvali G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe provide the perturbative and non‐perturbative arguments showing that theories with large number of species of the quantum fields, imply an inevitable hierarchy between the masses of the species and the Planck scale, shedding a different light on the hierarchy problem. In particular, using the black hole physics, we prove that any consistent theory that includes N Z2‐conserved species of the quantum fields of mass Λ, must have a value of the Planck mass, which in large N limit is given by MP2
\gsim
N Λ2. An useful byproduct of this proof is that any exactly conserved quantum charge, not associated with a long‐range classical field, must be defined maximum modulo N, with N
\gsim
(MP/m)2, where m is the mass of the unit charge. For example, a continuous global U(1) ‘baryon number’ symmetry, must be explicitly broken by gravity, at least down to a ZN subgroup, with N
\lsim
(MP/mb)2, where mb is the baryon mass. The same constraint applies to any discrete gauge symmetry, as well as to other quantum‐mechanically‐detectable black hole charges that are associated with the massive quantum hair of the black hole. We show that the gravitationally‐coupled N‐species sector that solves the gauge hirearchy problem, should be probed by LHC.
A novel in vitro assay of tumor‐initiating cells in xenograft prostate tumors
Authors: Silvers Christopher R. , Williams Karin , Salamone Linda , Huang Jiaoti , Jordan Craig T. , Zhou Haijun , Palapattu Ganesh S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe field of prostate cancer has been stymied by the difficulty of cultivating patient‐derived samples in the laboratory. In order to help circumvent this challenge, we sought to develop an in vitro assay of human prostate cancer initiation employing a prostate‐associated mesenchymal feeder layer.METHODSRat seminal vesicle mesenchyme (rSVM) harvested from male neonatal rats was plated in 12‐well plates and then irradiated with 30 Gy after ∼75% confluence. Single‐cell suspensions of two human non‐adherent prostate cancer xenograft lines (TRPC and LAPC9) were then plated on irradiated rSVM. At 3–4 weeks, three‐dimensional solid structures, termed glandoids, were harvested and analyzed or transplanted singly into the renal capsule of immunodeficient mice. Animals were assessed for tumor formation 8–12 weeks after engraftment. Finally, clonality assays were performed to determine whether glandoids usually arise from a single cell and are therefore clonal in origin.RESULTSGlandoids form with reliable frequency (1/∼300 plated cells), are constituted by relevant cell types (CK8+, CK5−, PSA+) and after implantation into immunocompromised mice, give rise to tumors that recapitulate original xenograft histology and cell composition; defining a glandoid as a tumor‐initiating unit. In addition, assessment of red fluorescent protein (RFP)‐labeled glandoids revealed either all red or non‐red structures, with few areas of fusion, suggesting glandoids are clonal in origin.CONCLUSIONSThe above assay describes an adjunct technique to readily cultivate cells from prostate cancer xenografts in vitro and as such provides a platform on which tumor‐initiating cell studies and high‐throughput drug discovery may be performed. Prostate 70: 1379–1387, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of the matriptase inhibitor HAI‐2 during prostate cancer progression
Authors: Bergum Christopher , List Karin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer progression is accompanied by increased levels of extracellular proteases that are capable of remodeling the extracellular matrix as well as cleaving and activating growth factors and their receptors that are critically involved in pro‐cancerous signaling pathways. The membrane anchored serine protease matriptase (also known as MT‐SP1, epithin, and TADG15) has been implicated in prostate cancer. Several studies have demonstrated that the expression of this protease, both on the RNA and protein level is significantly increased during prostate cancer progression. Hepatocyte activator growth factor inhibitor‐2 (HAI‐2) has recently been identified as a physiological inhibitor of matriptase. It has been proposed that the increase of matriptase with a concomitant loss of its inhibitors may play a critical role in cancer progression.METHODSIn this study, we used immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of HAI‐2 protein in 136 prostate cancer samples, 20 prostate benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) samples, and 31 normal or tumor‐adjacent prostate samples. Specificity of detection was ensured by using two unrelated HAI‐2 antibodies and corresponding non‐immune IgG antibodies.RESULTSWe demonstrate that HAI‐2 protein is significantly decreased in malignant lesions as compared to normal and BPH lesions, and that the most poorly differentiated tumors (Gleason score 8–10) have the lowest level of HAI‐2 expression.CONCLUSIONThese data suggest that the loss of HAI‐2 may be actively involved in prostate cancer progression by causing a reduced inhibitory capacity of proteolysis possibly of the physiological target for HAI‐2 matriptase. Prostate 70: 1422–1428, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel mechanisms of optical harmonics generation in semiconductors
Authors: Pisarev R. V. , Kaminski B. , Lafrentz M. , Pavlov V. V. , Yakovlev D. R. , Bayer M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSpectroscopic study of diamagnetic, diluted magnetic, and magnetically ordered semiconductors reveals several novel mechanisms of optical harmonics generation. It is found that Landau‐level orbital quantization of the band energy is a key mechanism for magnetic‐field‐induced second harmonic generation (MSHG) in diamagnetic semiconductors GaAs and CdTe. The giant Zeeman spin‐splitting of electronic states is essential for MSHG in diluted magnetic semiconductors (Cd,Mn)Te. Both mechanisms involving the optical nonlinearities of electric‐dipole type take place in noncentrosymmetric semiconductors. Spin‐induced second harmonic generation (SHG) is observed at the band gap in magnetic centrosymmetric semiconductors EuTe and EuSe. This mechanism involving the optical nonlinearities of magnetic‐dipole type is essential for centrosymmetric semiconductors. The magnetic field and temperature dependencies demonstrate that the nonlinear processes arise due to novel types of optical nonlinearities caused by the external magnetic field. The observed mechanisms of optical nonlinearities open access to a wide class of centrosymmetric and noncentrosymmetric systems by harmonics generation spectroscopy.
A Long-Term Follow-Up Study of Intravenous Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lee Jin Soo , Hong Ji Man , Moon Gyeong Joon , Lee Phil Hyu , Ahn Young Hwan , Bang Oh Young 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We previously evaluated the short-term follow-up preliminary data of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation in patients with ischemic stroke. The present study was conducted to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of i.v. MSCs transplantation in a larger population. To accomplish this, we performed an open-label, observer-blinded clinical trial of 85 patients with severe middle cerebral artery territory infarct. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups, those who received i.v. autologous ex vivo cultured MSCs (MSC group) or those who did not (control group), and followed for up to 5 years. Mortality of any cause, long-term side effects, and new-onset comorbidities were monitored. Of the 52 patients who were finally included in this study, 16 were the MSC group and 36 were the control group. Four (25%) patients in the MSC group and 21 (58.3%) in the control group died during the follow-up period, and the cumulative surviving portion at 260 weeks was 0.72 in the MSC group and 0.34 in the control group (log-rank; p = .058). Significant side effects were not observed following MSC treatment. The occurrence of comorbidities including seizures and recurrent vascular episodes did not differ between groups. When compared with the control group, the follow-up modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was decreased, whereas the number of patients with a mRS of 0–3 increased in the MSC group (p = .046). Clinical improvement in the MSC group was associated with serum levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and the degree of involvement of the subventricular region of the lateral ventricle. Intravenous autologous MSCs transplantation was safe for stroke patients during long-term follow-up. This therapy may improve recovery after stroke depending on the specific characteristics of the patients.
Adaptive management for eradication of exotic species
Authors: Kotani Koji , Kakinaka Makoto , Matsuda Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe problems of controlling exotic species have been acknowledged as serious threats to an indigenous ecosystem as well as to society. In response to these threats, various management programs of exotic species have been proposed for supporting eradication in many regions. Although eradication is regarded as the first‐best solution, such attempts have been unsuccessful in reality due to mainly two factors: (1) stock‐dependent catchability, and (2) uncertainties. This article demonstrates when to aim at eradication through addressing an optimal adaptive management strategy in the framework of a bio‐economic model with the aforementioned factors. The study sets out that the sensitivity of catchability in response to a change in the existing stock determines whether or not aiming at eradication is justified. The results also show that process uncertainty associated with stock growth significantly affects the timing of removal actions for eradication, and an increase in the degree of uncertainty could help achieve eradication in a cost–effective manner if we optimally adapt our removal actions to the uncertainty.