bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is a patient‐administered depression rating scale valid for detecting cognitive deficits in patients with major depressive disorder?
Authors: Hueng Tieng‐Ts , Lee I. Hui , Guog Yuh‐Juh , Chen Kao Chin , Chen Shu Shin , Chuang Shu Ping , Yeh Tzung Lieh , Yang Yen Kuang 
Published: January 2011

Aims:  Although cognitive deficits are a common and potentially debilitating feature of major depressive disorder (MDD), such subjective declines in cognitive function are seldom validated by objective methods as a clinical routine. The aim of this study was to validate the Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire (TDQ) for detecting cognitive deficits in a sample of drug‐free patients with MDD.Methods:  The subjects consisted of 40 well‐characterized medication‐free patients with MDD and 40 healthy controls. Clinical and neuropsychological assessments, including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised, the Continuous Performance Test, and the Finger‐Tapping Test, were administered at the time of recruitment.Results:  Factor analyses of the TDQ yielded three factors. Memory, attention and psychomotor performance were significantly poorer in patients with MDD. The performances of verbal and delayed memory of the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised were correlated with the cognitive domains of the TDQ. Generalization of our results must be undertaken with caution considering the relatively small sample size, which could lead to increased β‐error.Conclusion:  Cognitive subdomains might be considered important for including in patient‐administered questionnaires used to measure symptoms of MDD when developing a new scale.
Pharmacogenomics of antipsychotics efficacy for schizophrenia
Authors: Cacabelos Ramón , Hashimoto Ryota , Takeda Masatoshi 
Published: January 2011

Central nervous system disorders are the third greatest health problem in developed countries, and schizophrenia represents some of the most disabling ailments in young individuals. There is an abuse and/or misuse of antipsychotics, and recent advances in pharmacogenomics pose new challenges for the clinical management of this complex disorder. Schizophrenia is a multi‐factorial/polygenic complex disorder in which hundreds of different genes are potentially involved, leading to the phenotypic expression of the disease in conjunction with epigenetic and environmental phenomena. Consequently, structural and functional genomic changes induce proteomic and metabolomic defects associated with the disease phenotype.Disease‐related genomic profiles and genetic variants in genes involved in drug metabolism are responsible for drug efficacy and safety. About 20% of Caucasians are defective in CYP2D6 enzymes, which participate in the metabolism of 25–30% of central nervous system drugs. Approximately 40% of antipsychotics are substrates of CYP2D6 enzymes, 23% are substrates of CYP3A4, and 18% are substrates of CYP1A2. In order to achieve a mature discipline of pharmacogenomics of schizophrenia it would be effective to accelerate: (i) the education of physicians and the public in the use of genomic screening in daily clinical practice; (ii) the standardization of genetic testing for major categories of drugs; (iii) the validation of pharmacogenomic procedures according to drug category and pathology; (iv) the regulation of ethical, social, and economic issues; and (v) the incorporation of pharmacogenomic procedures of drugs in development and drugs on the market in order to optimize therapeutics.
Prevalence of depressive symptoms in Japanese male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Hayashi Yoshika , Senjyu Hideaki , Iguchi Asuka , Iwai Shoko , Kanada Rumi , Honda Sumihisa , Ozawa Hiroki 
Published: January 2011

Aim:  The objective of this study was to utilize commonly applied tools, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Depression subscale (HADS‐D) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), to screen for depressive symptoms in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Furthermore, we sought to identify whether differences existed in the prevalence of depressive symptoms as assessed by CES‐D and HADS‐D, and predictors of depressive symptoms.Methods:  The presence of depressive symptoms in 80 outpatients and 51 inpatients with stable COPD was assessed using the CES‐D and HADS‐D. Data regarding sex, educational level, body mass index, smoking index and pulmonary function were obtained to evaluate their independent contribution as predictors of depressive symptoms.Results:  The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 29.8% based on CES‐D and 40.5% based on HADS‐D. A MacNemar test of COPD severity and analysis of the results of depressive symptoms based on CES‐D and HADS‐D revealed significant differences. Logistic regression analysis suggested that ‘severity’ is a predictor of depressive symptoms as assessed by CES‐D, whereas ‘body mass index’, ‘education level’ and ‘setting’ were predictors of depressive symptoms as assessed by HADS‐D.Conclusions:  The prevalence of depressive symptoms differed when assessed with CES‐D and HADS‐D. The reasons behind this difference include the fact that HADS‐D frequently detected depressive symptoms in patients with mild COPD as well as a tendency for HADS‐D to be strongly influenced by education levels. In contrast, the severity of COPD was reflected in CES‐D. It is possible that prevalence of depressive symptoms differs in accordance with the applied screening tool.
A novel single‐chain‐Fv antibody against connective tissue growth factor attenuates bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice
Authors: WANG XIHUA , WU GUOQIU , GOU LIXIA , LIU ZHAOZHAO , WANG XIYONG , FAN XIAOBO , WU LINYUAN , LIU NAIFENG 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has been identified as playing critical roles in fibrosis and is a promising therapeutic target. In a previous study, we used a phage display library to develop a humanized single‐chain variable fragment antibody (scFv) against CTGF. In the present study, the protective effect of anti‐CTGF scFv against bleomycin (BL)‐induced pulmonary fibrosis was investigated in mice.Methods:  The expression of α‐smooth muscle actin in human embryonic lung fibroblast (HELF) cells was analysed by western blotting. A mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis was established by tracheal injection of BL (5 mg/kg). Mice received anti‐CTGF scFv (4 mg/kg, three times a week) by i.v. injection. The effects of anti‐CTGF scFv were evaluated by leukocyte counts in BAL fluid, hydroxyproline measurements in lung tissue and pathological examination.Results:  α‐Smooth muscle actin expression was decreased in HELF cells treated with anti‐CTGF scFv. Anti‐CTGF scFv significantly reduced the numbers of inflammatory leukocytes (total and differential count) in BAL fluid, as well as the hydroxyproline content of lung tissue. The severity of alveolitis and fibrosis in the mouse model was markedly attenuated by treatment with anti‐CTGF scFv.Conclusions:  Anti‐CTGF scFv may potentially be developed as a useful inhibitor of pulmonary fibrosis.
Physical and functional factors in activities of daily living that predict falls in community‐dwelling older women
Authors: Aoyama Maki , Suzuki Yusuke , Onishi Joji , Kuzuya Masafumi 
Published: January 2011

Aim:  In order to propose rehabilitation strategies for the reduction of falls risk, thereby preventing falls in older women, the present study was designed to explore the physical and functional factors related to actual incidence of falls.Methods:  Fifty‐eight female patients aged 65 years and older (mean age ± standard deviation, 80.5 ± 5.7), who were attending a geriatric outpatient clinic participated. All the participants were assessed with their activities of daily living, gait and balance using various scales. Their handgrip strength and muscle strength of lower extremities were also measured using dynamometers. Falls of the participants during the 6 months follow‐up period were recorded.Results:  Correlation analysis investigating associations between the scores of assessment scales and actual measurement of muscle strength and balance showed that there were significant correlations between handgrip strength and Falls Efficacy Scale, Functional Reach test, Timed Up and Go test, Berg Balance Scale, Motor Fitness Scale, motor Functional Independence Measure in fallers and non‐fallers. A binary logistic stepwise regression analysis incorporating all the possible variables into the model revealed that only inability to “being able to go up and down the staircase” in the Motor Fitness Scale remained a significant variable to predict falls during the period of observation.Conclusion:  The results confirmed that the sub‐item in the Motor Fitness Scale has a possibility of being a significant predictor of falls in older women, and therefore might prove useful in considering specific rehabilitation program on falls prevention as well as screening this population at risk of falls. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011; 11: 348–357.
Relationship between interleukin‐6 and cerebral deep white matter and periventricular hyperintensity in elderly women
Authors: Nagai Kumiko , Kozaki Koichi , Sonohara Kazuki , Akishita Masahiro , Toba Kenji 
Published: January 2011

Aim:  We evaluated the relationships between serum levels of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin (IL)‐6 with the severity of leukoaraiosis.Methods:  One hundred and thirty‐seven elderly women who attended the Center for Comprehensive Care on Memory Disorders at Kyorin University Hospital were enrolled in this study. Leukoaraiosis was assessed by periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) score and deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH) score.Results:  Serum log IL‐6 level correlated with PVH and DWMH scores, but hsCRP did not. By multinomial logistic analysis, IL‐6 was significantly related to DWMH score, independent of age and systolic blood pressure.Conclusion:  IL‐6 is presumably an important marker of leukoaraiosis, as is the case with silent cerebral infarction. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011; 11: 328–332.
Correlation between dental and nutritional status in community‐dwelling elderly Japanese
Authors: Yoshida Mitsuyoshi , Kikutani Takeshi , Yoshikawa Mineka , Tsuga Kazuhiro , Kimura Misaka , Akagawa Yasumasa 
Published: January 2011

Aim:  The purpose of this study was to clarify the correlation between dental and nutritional status among community‐dwelling elderly Japanese people.Methods:  The subjects were 182 elderly individuals, aged 65–85 years, who voluntarily participated in a health seminar at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine. These subjects were divided into two groups according to the occlusion. The subjects in the retained contact group were those who had retained molar occlusion with natural teeth. The lost contact group were those who retained molar occlusion with removable partial dentures. Anthropometric variables such as body mass index (BMI) were collected and dietary intake was assessed using a brief self‐administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ).Results:  No statistical difference in BMI or intake of macronutrients was found between these two occlusal groups. The lost contact group reported significantly lower consumption of vegetables and higher consumption of confectionaries (foods rich in sugar) than did the retained contact group (P < 0.05), and therefore had significantly lower intake of vitamin C and dietary fiber (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  It can be concluded that natural tooth contact loss in the posterior region affect the intake of vitamins and dietary fiber. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011; 11: 315–319.
Does Illegitimate Corporate Behaviour Follow the Forms of Polity? The Turkish Experience
Authors: Özen Şükrü , Akkemik K. Ali 
Published: January 2011

abstractIn this study, we argue that illegitimate corporate actions can not only be strategic responses to the conflicting technical and institutional demands at the field level but also manifestations of the contradictory higher‐order institutional logics at the polity level. By focusing on the statist polity, somewhat neglected by the new institutional theory, we argue that the contradictory nationalist and capitalist institutional logics in the statist polity generate illegitimate corporate actions. We also propose that uncertainties and opportunities created by statist polity characteristics such as weak policy‐making capacity, neopatrimonialism, and clientelism lead to illegitimate corporate actions by triggering conflict between nationalism and capitalism. To demonstrate this, we examine the Turkish case, by focusing particularly on a recent example of illegitimate corporate action, namely the pursuit of non‐operating revenues. The case supports our arguments. It implies that illegitimate corporate behaviours may be ‘institutionalized’ as continuously reproduced by the actors embedded in a polity. It also implies that the impression management techniques to legitimate illegitimate behaviours may vary according to the forms of polity. Finally, it suggests that organizations may adopt hybrid missions as a survival strategy in a contradictory and uncertain business environment, paradoxically ultimately restricting their competitive capacities.
The ‘Company with Committees’: Change or Continuity in Japanese Corporate Governance?
Authors: Chizema Amon , Shinozawa Yoshikatsu 
Published: January 2011

abstractCorporate governance practices are arguably diffusing across the world. This paper examines the adoption of the committee‐based governance system (i.e. audit, nomination, and remuneration) in Japanese firms, a practice common in Anglo‐American capitalism but potentially contestable in Japan. The study finds that firms that are internationally exposed through cross listing are more likely to adopt the committee system. Moreover, more experienced and highly cross‐held firms, with larger proportions of foreign ownership, are more likely to adopt the committee system. On the other hand our study finds partial support for the hypothesis that larger proportions of bank ownership are negatively associated with the adoption of the committee system, suggesting a gradual withdrawal by banks from the traditional monitoring of firms. This paper adds to the longstanding debate on the convergence on or persistent divergence from the Anglo‐American corporate governance system. The study thus provides insights into corporate governance changes in non‐Anglo/American countries that face a struggle between global capital market forces for change and deep‐seated institutional practices of continuity.
Virus‐induced gene silencing can persist for more than 2 years and also be transmitted to progeny seedlings in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato
Authors: Senthil‐Kumar Muthappa , Mysore Kirankumar S. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryVirus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) is one of the commonly used RNA silencing methods in plant functional genomics. It is widely known that VIGS can occur for about 3 weeks. A few reports show that duration of VIGS can be prolonged for up to 3 months. Increasing the duration of endogenous gene silencing and developing a method for nonintegration‐based persistent VIGS in progeny seedlings will widen the application of VIGS. We used three marker genes that provoke visible phenotypes in plants upon silencing to study persistence and transmittance of VIGS to progeny in two plant species, Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato. We used a Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)‐based VIGS vector and showed that the duration of gene silencing by VIGS can occur for more than 2 years and that TRV is necessary for longer duration VIGS. Also, inoculation of TRV‐VIGS constructs by both Agrodrench and leaf infiltration greatly increased the effectiveness and duration of VIGS. Our results also showed transmittance of VIGS to progeny seedlings via seeds. A longer silencing period will facilitate detailed study of target genes in plant development and stress tolerance. Further, the transmittance of VIGS to progeny will be useful in studying the effect of gene silencing in young seedlings. Our results provide a new dimension for the application of VIGS in plants.
Global Inequality, Wealth Concentration and the Subprime Crisis: A Marxian Commodity Theory Analysis
Authors: Lysandrou Photis 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThis article argues that the driving force behind the structured credit products that triggered the financial crisis was a global excess demand for securities, and that key to the build‐up of this demand was the huge accumulation of private wealth. The argument is Marxian inasmuch as it builds on Marx's insight that crisis is endemic to capitalism because the commodity form by its very nature gives rise to the possibility of a separation between supply and demand, and because periodic realization of this separation arises out of the fact that the value of the labour capacity is generally less than the value of the output produced by it. The argument is an unorthodox Marxian one in that its specification of the mechanism through which the effects of exploitation feed into crisis is different from that specified by Marx himself. While the separation between supply and demand is central to the crisis transmission mechanism described here, the difference is that the commodities in question are financial commodities rather than material commodities. Prevented from surfacing ‘below’ in GDP space in the form of an excess supply of material goods, the effects of exploitation have instead surfaced ‘above’ in capital market space in the form of an excess demand for debt securities.
Motion Blur Rendering: State of the Art
Authors: Navarro Fernando , Serón Francisco J. , Gutierrez Diego 
Published: January 2011

Abstract Motion blur is a fundamental cue in the perception of objects in motion. This phenomenon manifests as a visible trail along the trajectory of the object and is the result of the combination of relative motion and light integration taking place in film and electronic cameras. In this work, we analyse the mechanisms that produce motion blur in recording devices and the methods that can simulate it in computer generated images. Light integration over time is one of the most expensive processes to simulate in high‐quality renders, as such, we make an in‐depth review of the existing algorithms and we categorize them in the context of a formal model that highlights their differences, strengths and limitations. We finalize this report proposing a number of alternative classifications that will help the reader identify the best technique for a particular scenario.
Time perception in response to ashamed faces in children and adults
Authors: GIL SANDRINE , DROIT‐VOLET SYLVIE 
Published: January 2011

Gil, S. & Droit‐Volet, S. (2011). Time perception in response to ashamed faces in children and adults.Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 138–145.The present study investigated the effect of the perception of faces expressing shame on time perception in children aged 5 and 8 years, as well as in adults, as a function of their ability to recognize this emotional expression. The participants’ ability to recognize the expression of shame among faces expressing different emotions was tested. They were then asked to perform a temporal bisection task involving both neutral and ashamed faces. The results showed that, from the age of 8 years, the participants who recognized the facial expressions of shame underestimated their presentation time compared to that of neutral faces. In contrast, no time distortion was observed in the children who did not recognize the ashamed faces or in those younger children who did recognize them. The results are discussed in terms of self‐conscious emotions which develop to involve an attentional mechanism.
Gender differences in subjective well‐being, self‐esteem and psychosocial functioning in adolescents with symptoms of anxiety and depression: Findings from the Nord‐Trøndelag health study
Authors: DERDIKMAN‐EIRON RUTH , INDREDAVIK MARIT S. , BRATBERG GRETE H. , TARALDSEN GUNNAR , BAKKEN INGER JOHANNE , COLTON MATTHEW 
Published: January 2011

Derdikman‐Eiron, R., Indredavik, M. S., Bratberg, G. H., Taraldsen, G., Bakken, I. J. & Colton, M. (2011). Gender differences in subjective well‐being, self‐esteem and psychosocial functioning in adolescents with symptoms of anxiety and depression: Findings from the Nord‐Trøndelag health study. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology52, 261–267.Gender differences in the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression during adolescence are well documented. However, little attention has been given to differences in subjective well‐being, self‐esteem and psychosocial functioning between boys and girls with symptoms of anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in the associations between such symptoms and subjective well‐being, self‐esteem, school functioning and social relations in adolescents. Data were taken from a major population‐based Norwegian study, the Nord‐Trøndelag Health study (HUNT), in which 8984 (91% of all invited) adolescents, aged 13–19 years, completed an extensive self‐report questionnaire. Although prevalence rates of symptoms of anxiety and depression were higher in girls than in boys, a significant interaction between gender and symptoms of anxiety and depression was found in respect of each of the following outcome variables: subjective well‐being, self‐esteem, academic problems, frequency of meeting friends and the feeling of not having enough friends. These interactions indicate that the associations between symptoms of anxiety and depression and lower subjective well‐being and self‐esteem, more academic problems in school and lower social functioning were stronger for boys than for girls. Our findings may contribute to an earlier assessment and more efficient treatment of male adolescent anxiety and depression.
The reward value of near‐miss situations
Authors: SVARTDAL FRODE 
Published: January 2011

Svartdal, F. (2011). The reward value of near‐miss situations. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology52, 209–217.What is a “positive” outcome? Clearly, obtaining something attractive is regarded as positive, but so is avoiding something negative. The present paper compared these two types of situations in scenario‐type evaluations. Participants rated positive (P), avoiding negative (AN), and negative (N) outcomes in terms of luck (Experiment 1) and overall positive/negative evaluations (Experiments 2 and 3). The results demonstrated that evaluations of P and AN outcomes were judged as equally positive, but the emotional basis for these evaluations was very different: The feeling of relief was the dominating emotion in AN situations, whereas joy was the dominating emotion in P situations. Overall, these results indicate that avoidance‐induced reward value may be important as a motivating factor in cognition and action.
Thirteen‐ and 18‐month‐old Infants Recognize When They Need Referential Information
Authors: Vaish Amrisha , Demir Özlem Ece , Baldwin Dare 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTo learn from conspecifics, infants would be greatly advantaged by knowing when to seek information from them. Although in prior work infants used a labeler's gaze direction to infer the referent of a novel label, it was unclear whether infants in these studies recognized that they needed information or were happening upon the information by simply orienting to the labeler's voice. To address this issue, we presented 13‐ and 18‐month‐olds with either one or two novel objects and provided a novel label. If infants seek referential information, they should look more to the labeler in the presence of two objects relative to one object, because the labeler's intended referent is highly ambiguous in the two‐object case. This prediction was confirmed in two studies. In contrast, infants' looking was equivalent in the presence of one vs. two objects in a baseline phase, when no labels were provided. Thus, 13‐ and 18‐month‐olds actively seek clarifying gaze information to resolve ambiguous learning situations. Word learning appears to be a rich pragmatic process as early as the end of the first year of life.