bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the distribution of orbits of geometrically finite hyperbolic groups on the boundary
Authors: LIM SEONHEE , OH HEE 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe investigate the distribution of orbits of a non-elementary discrete hyperbolic subgroup Γ acting on ℍn and its geometric boundary ∂∞(ℍn). In particular, we show that if Γ admits a finite Bowen–Margulis–Sullivan measure (for instance, if Γ is geometrically finite), then every Γ-orbit in ∂∞(ℍn) is equidistributed with respect to the Patterson–Sullivan measure supported on the limit set Λ(Γ). The appendix by Maucourant is the extension of a part of his PhD thesis where he obtains the same result as a simple application of Roblin’s theorem. Our approach is via establishing the equidistribution of solvable flows on the unit tangent bundle of Γ∖ℍn, which is of independent interest.
Non-integrability of open billiard flows and Dolgopyat-type estimates
Authors: STOYANOV LUCHEZAR 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe consider open billiard flows in ℝn and show that the standard symplectic form dα in ℝn satisfies a specific non-integrability condition over their non-wandering sets Λ. This allows one to use the main result in Stoyanov [Spectra of Ruelle transfer operators for Axiom A flows. Preprint, 2010, arXiv:0810.1126v4 [math.DS]] and obtain Dolgopyat-type estimates for the spectra of Ruelle transfer operators under simpler conditions. We also describe a class of open billiard flows in ℝn(n≥3) satisfying a certain pinching condition, which in turn implies that the (un)stable laminations over the non-wandering set are C1.
Domesticating the Nineteenth-Century American City
Authors: Wortman Marlene Stein 
Published: April 2011

In 1916, Mary Beard, the historian and progressive activist, advanced the thesis that women shared an equal role with men in directing the great social forces that determined the quality of life in cities. In a compendium ofWoman's Work in Municipalities, she demonstrated that every action supported by women's clubs and groups, ranging from improved wages and working conditions to vice control, was a part of an effort to make the city a viable environment for carrying on family life. In describing the process that led women to take an active role in sanitation reform Mary Beard wrote:Woman's historic function having been along the line of cleanliness, her instinct when she looks forth from her own clean windows is toward public cleanliness. Her indoor battle has been against the dirt that blew in from outside, against the dust and ashes of the streets, and the particles of germladen matter carried in from neglected refuse piles. Ultimately she begins to take an interest in that portion of municipal dusting and sweeping assigned to men; namely street cleaning.
Region, Ethnic Group, and American Writers: From “Non-Southern” and “Non-Ethnic” to Ludwig Lewisohn; or the Ethics of Wholesome Provincialism
Authors: Sollors Werner 
Published: April 2011

In 1785 a writer who used the pen name “Celadon” (singer) tried to clarify the meaning of regions in America by making them one with ethnic groups. The author of the small pamphletThe Golden Age; or, Future Glory of North-America Discovered by an Angel to Celadon in Several Entertaining Visionscontemplated the future of America from a mountain overlooking the whole continent. He describes himself in a state of rapture whenthe Angel recalled my attention by a gentle touch on my side, and pointing his finger a little to the south-west, Celadon, says he, do you see yonder long valley. … That whole region you may call Savagenia: It being designed for the future habitation of your now troublesome Indians. — And that other valley. … It lies toward the north-west … This you may call Nigrania: It being allotted for the Negroes to dwell there, when the term of their vassalage is come to a period. — And in all those vast spaces westward to the great ocean, there may be seats hereafter for sundry foreign nations. — There may be a French, a Spanish, a Dutch, an Irish, an English, &c. yea, a Jewish State here in process of time. — And all of them united in brotherly affection, will at last form the most potent empire on the face of the earth (pp. 11–12).
Late Nineteenth-Century Trompe L'Oeil and Other Performances of the Real
Authors: Maine Barry 
Published: April 2011

“We live in an age of wonders!” exclaims a character in Henry James's The Bostonians (1886). And so it must have seemed to any American who could read the newspapers, which thrived, in the 1880s, on the business of proclaiming marvels. In The Bostonians one of the “wonders” is Miss Verena Tarrant, whose precocious and hypnotic speaking powers on the subject of women's rights — together with a pretty face and trim figure — succeeded in selling out the Boston Music Hall. Other wonders of the decade were less comely but more enduring: the lightbulb, the electric generator (which so awed Henry Adams), the telephone, the automobile, motion pictures, the linotype machine, the Kodak camera. The hawking of Verena Tarrant outside the Music Hall followed the American pattern of packaging, promoting, and generally celebrating (in a chauvinistic spirit) all manner of sensational feats, new technologies, and even writers and painters who caught the public's fancy. One of these was, of course, Mark Twain, who successfully promoted his own works through direct subscription sales. Also included among the sensational feats of the period were the trompe l'oeil (trick of the eye) still-life paintings by William Michael Harnett, who was heralded in a feature article that appeared in the New York News at the end of the decade. The headline ran as follows:Painted Like Real Things. The Man Whose Pictures Are a Wonder and a Puzzle. How He Began and the Success He Has Met With — Poverty Forced Him to Earn a Living in the Line in Which He Excells.
Broadway Nights: John Reed and the City
Authors: Wilson Christopher P. 
Published: April 2011

Not so very long after John Butler Yeats prophesied that “fiddles” would be “tuning up” throughout American intellectual life in the years before World War I, the private musings of John Reed strike another, less hopeful set of notes. The lament emerges in an unpublished tale Reed wrote in 1913 entitled “Success,” about a poet named Alan Meredith, age twenty-two, who, like Reed, has just come from the country to New York to answer his vocation. “The whirling star of Literature revolves in the Big City,” Reed explains. “By force of gravitation the minor bards sooner or later fall within its orbit, and nine out of ten emit no sparks from that time forth.” Alan's project is an epic poem tentatively entitled New York, A Poem in Twelve Cantos-but he gets nowhere beyond his title. “You see,” Reed writes, “he was making the same mistake as you and I, when we heard the voice [of the city] for the first time and tried to translate it without knowing the language.” Reed elaborates:A poet writes about the things nearest to his heart-the things he does not actually know. As soon as he gains scientific knowledge of anything, the glamour is gone, and it is not mere stuff for the imagination. The bard of green fields and blossoms and running brooks is always a city man, and he who sings the Lobster Palaces and White Lights lives in Greenwich, Conn. Never do the stars seem so beautiful as to him who looks up between brownstone houses on a breathless night; all the magic of the city lies in the glow of lights on the sky seen thirty miles away.
American Psychiatry: An Ambivalent Specialty
Authors: Grob Gerald N. 
Published: April 2011

American psychiatry, perhaps more so than other medical specialties, has had a troubled and ambivalent past. For much of its history its members were employed in public mental hospitals and thus lacked the autonomy and independence of their colleagues in private practice. More significantly, psychiatry was indissolubly linked with the fate of public institutions, whose image and reputation often left much to be desired.The ambivalent character of psychiatry has given rise to two distinct and polar interpretations of its past. On the one side is a Whiggish scholarship that indentifies the evolution of psychiatry with scientific progress. The barriers to the creation of a psychiatric utopia result from the actions of malevolent or narrow-minded individuals and groups unwilling to provide appropriate resources. Furthermore, there is a presumption that psychiatric scientific and objective knowledge provided the basis for policies capable of resolving many of the troublesome problems associated with mental illness. On the other side are those who maintain that psychiatrists were involved with the social control of deviant and troublesome individuals. Mental hospitals, therefore, were simply institutions that confined and brutalized individuals whose only crime was their inability to conform to traditional behavioral norms. Embedded in this approach is the assumption that mental disease is a social rather than a medical category.
Closing the ecotourism-conservation loop in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: KIRKBY CHRISTOPHER A. , GIUDICE RENZO , DAY BRETT , TURNER KERRY , SOARES-FILHO BRITALDO SILVEIRA , OLIVEIRA-RODRIGUES HERMANN , YU DOUGLAS W. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYAnnual revenue flow to developing countries for ecotourism could be as large as US$ 29 billion, providing an enormous financial incentive against habitat loss and exploitation. However, surprisingly little quantitative evidence exists on the profitability of the rainforest ecotourism sector, which determines the incentive and capacity of the sector to engage in conservation. A Peruvian rainforest ecotourism cluster generated US$ 11.6 million in 2005. The after-tax profit margin was at least 14% and has increased with tourist volume. High profitability, coupled with new legislation, has allowed operators to put 54 358 ha of rainforest near the new Interoceánica Sur highway under private management and to engage in conservation actions. A previously published microeconomic contract model of protected-areas management identifies two key features of rainforest tourism that link ecotourism to conservation: (1) tourists demand an immersive experience, which incentivizes the acquisition of large amounts of forest cover, and (2) institutional reforms have increased the expected effectiveness of conservation actions. In Peru, these conditions appear to be met, so that profits from ecotourism can combine with new land tenure rights to create a governance structure within which the industry can act as an independently financed partner to the conservation community.
Standardising bioresource acknowledgement in papers
Authors: Hewitt Dr Robert 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis presentation describes the speakers experience of gathering performance indicator data, for biobank assessment. Problems encountered in collecting data on the number of publications resulting from supported studies are described. These include difficulty in obtaining a complete record of all the resulting publications and also frequent misnaming of the biobank in the acknowledgment section of papers. The presentation also includes a discussion of approaches to providing credit to all the contributors in the biobanking effort.
Evaluating Modelling Approaches for Medical Image Annotations
Authors: Opitz Jasmin , Parsia Bijan , Sattler Ulrike 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInformation system designers face many challenges with regards to selecting appropriate semantic technologies and deciding on a modeling approach for their system. However, there is no clear methodology yet to evaluate “semantically enriched” information systems. In this paper we present a case study on different modeling approaches for annotating medical images and introduce a conceptual framework that can be used to analyze the fitness of information systems and help designers to spot the strengths and weaknesses of various modeling approaches as well as managing trade-os between modeling eort and their potential benefits.
The BioGRID Interaction Database
Authors: Nixon Julie , Tyers Mike , Reguly Teresa , Rust Jennifer , Winter Andrew , Livstone Michael , Breitkreutz Bobby-Joe , Stark Chris , Boucher Lorrie , Chatr-Aryamontri Andrew , Dolinski Kara , Oughtred Rose 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe goal of the Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets (BioGRID) (http://www.thebiogrid.org) is to archive and freely disseminate collections of genetic and protein interactions from major model organisms. BioGRID currently houses over 335,000 interactions curated from high-throughput datasets and individual focused studies found in the primary literature, as derived from some 23,000 publications. Complete coverage of the entire literature for both the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been achieved, resulting in the curation of over 246,000 interactions, and efforts to expand curation across multiple species are underway. Through collaborations with the Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium and the Linking Animal Models to Human Disease Initiative (LAMHDI), we are focusing our curation efforts across model organisms on particular areas of biology to enable insights into conserved networks and pathways that are relevant to human health.The BioGRID 3.0 web interface contains new search and display features that enable rapid queries across multiple data types and sources. A dedicated Interaction Management System (IMS) is used to track all curation and to prioritize publications across multiple curation projects. BioGRID data are incorporated in several model organism databases and other biological databases. The entire BioGRID interaction collection may be downloaded in multiple file formats, including PSI MI XML, and source code for BioGRID is freely available without any restrictions. This work is supported by NIH NCRR grant R01 RR024031 to MT and KD, and by grants from the CIHR and BBSRC to MT.
Population development of beet cyst nematodes and their damage potential to sugar beets under different temperature regimes
Authors: Vandenbossche Bart , Niere Björn , Vidal Stefan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHeterodera schachtii, the white beet cyst nematode, is considered as one of the most important nematode pests on sugar beet and is present in most sugar-beet growing areas. The yellow beet cyst nematode, Heterodera betae, is less prevalent but has also been found damaging beet crops. However, knowledge about the damage potential and population dynamics of the yellow beet cyst nematode is limited. The amount of damage inflicted by nematodes is dependent on different factors. An important factor influencing the sugar beet yield decline by beet cyst nematodes is the soil temperature. Relationships between soil temperature, H. schachtii population densities and sugar beet yields have been reported previously. Until present, most studies have been conducted under constant temperatures. Since several studies have demonstrated that the population dynamics of many species are sensitive to small differences in temperature (1-4°C), we subjected in our pot experiment sugar beet plants (cultivar Monza) to 2 gradually increasing temperature regimes in separate climate chambers. Temperatures in the two climate chambers were increased from 8°C to 22°C and 12°C to 26°C, respectively. Results on the influence of soil temperature on the Heterodera schachtii and Heterodera betae population densities and sugar beet growth parameters are presented
Isolation of new racemic sugar (D/L galacturonic acid) from leaves of Paederia foetida Linn.
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Pankajkumar S Yadav , Pratap Singh Udaya , Raj Bhatt Hans , Zaman Kamaruz , Ali Md. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNew racemic sugars (D/L galacturonic acid) were isolate from the leaves of Paederia foetida Linn by the column chromatography. Identification of these isolated compound achieved by TLC, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR and Mass spectral data.
Allelic Frequency of ABO And Rh D Blood Group Among The Banjara Caste Population of Akola District, Maharashtra , India
Authors: Chavhan Aravind 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe distribution of ABO blood groups and Rh (D) factor has been studied among the Banjara Caste population of Akola District (Maharashtra). The O, A, B, and AB blood group percentage were recorded as 27.64%, 22.91%, 37.45% and 12% respectively. The Rh negative incidence was recorded as 02.55%. The allele frequencies of O, A, B and AB groups in the combined data were found to be 0.5196, 0.2880, and 0.1924 respectively and Rh (D) positive allelic frequency was 0.8405.
Docking and QSAR Studies of Camptothecin Derivatives as Inhibitor of DNA Topoisomerase-I
Authors: Yadav Dharmendra , Khan Feroz , Srivastava Santosh 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCamptothecin (CPT) is a cytotoxic quinoline alkaloid which inhibits the DNA enzyme Topoisomerase-I (Topo-I) and has shown remarkable anticancer activity in preliminary clinical trials. The major limitation is its low solubility and high adverse reaction. In the studied work, we performed molecular docking of CPT derivatives against Topo-I and developed the quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model for anticancer activity screening. For QSAR, we used CPT and other anticancer drugs with its IC50 values. We used a total of forty seven anticancer drugs as training set and eight compounds as test set and thirty derivatives of CPT as query set. Total of fifty two chemical descriptors were used for the quantitative data calculation. Only four showed good correlation with the experimental activity. Forward feed regression method was used for development of multiple linear regression (MLR) QSAR model. Model showed acceptable regression coefficient (r2) 0.89 (i.e., 89% of correlation) and cross validation coefficient (rCV2) 0.86 (i.e., 86 % of prediction accuracy). After drug likeness test, ten compounds namely, MSB3a, MSB3b, MSB19, MSB22L, MSB22M, MSB22O, MSB22R, MSB25D, MSB37G and MSB39D, showed promising predicted anticancer activity and drug likeness properties. Out of ten, only six compounds namely, MSB19, MSB22L, MSBM, MSB22O, MSB22R and MSB37D indicate two times more activity than the parent CPT compound. In molecular docking studies, all the identified active CPT derivatives showed high binding affinity with Topo-I. QSAR study indicates that connectivity index, electron affinity, mol.wt. & ether group count highly contribute to inhibitory activity of CPT derivatives. These results can offer useful references for directing the molecular design of Topo-I inhibitor with improved anticancer activity.
Molecular crowding defines a common origin for the Warburg effect in proliferating cells and the lactate threshold in muscle physiology
Authors: Vazquez Alexei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAerobic glycolysis is a seemingly wasteful mode of ATP production that is seen both in rapidly proliferating mammalian cells and highly active contracting muscles, but whether there is a common origin for its presence in these widely different systems is unknown. To study this issue, here we develop a model of human central metabolism that incorporates a solvent capacity constraint of metabolic enzymes and mitochondria, accounting for their occupied volume densities, while assuming glucose and/or fatty acid utilization. The model demonstrates that activation of aerobic glycolysis is favored above a threshold metabolic rate in both rapidly proliferating cells and heavily contracting muscles, because it provides higher ATP yield per volume density than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. In the case of muscle physiology, the model also predicts that before the lactate switch, fatty acid oxidation increases, reaches a maximum, and then decreases to zero with concomitant increase in glucose utilization, in agreement with the empirical evidence. These results are further corroborated by a larger scale model, including biosynthesis of major cell biomass components. The larger scale model also predicts that in proliferating cells the lactate switch is accompanied by activation of glutaminolysis, another distinctive feature of the Warburg effect. In conclusion, intracellular molecular crowding is a fundamental constraint for cell metabolism in both rapidly proliferating- and non-proliferating cells with high metabolic demand. Addition of this constraint to metabolic flux balance models can explain several observations of mammalian cell metabolism under steady state conditions.
Clays: Colloidal Properties in Nanodomain
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Siddhartha 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe ever-growing application of clays in nanotechnology rests on fundamental principles of colloid chemistry. They make soils as nature’s great electrostatic chemical reactor. Highly anisotropic and often irregular particle shape, broad particle size distribution, different types of charges within the unit cells, heterogeneity of layer charges, pronounced CEC, dis-articulation and flexibility of layers, and different modes of aggregation make clays different from other colloidal materials. Their inseparable association with the genesis of life on Earth and evolutionary diversification of Neoproterozoic life is a safety-belt of nanotechnology.Nanotechnology promises to be the greatest technological breakthrough in history, doing for our control of matter what computers did for our control of information. The origins of nanoscience can be traced to clay mineralogy and crystallography when it was discovered that clay minerals were crystalline and of micrometer size. The unit cell dimensions of clay minerals are in nanometer scale in all three axes (x, y, and z). The advantages of clays are: (i) their ordered arrangements, (ii) their large adsorption capacity, (iii) their shielding against sunlight (ultraviolet radiation), (iv) their ability to concentrate organic chemicals, and (v) their ability to serve as polymerization templates. Clays protected organic matter from reoxygenation during the late Precambrian period, allowing a corresponding quantity of O2 to accumulate in the environment. The inseparable association of clays with lifeforms makes them most desirable in manufacturing nanoparticles. Clays have been extensively used in industry, but as concern for environmental sustainability grows, clay minerals find new takers from all conceivable forms of industries. Nanotechnology literature is flooded with clay-polymers for their possible use in high strength material manufacturing, for ecological life support system, removal of contaminants from water and wastes, and as catalysts in chemical reactions to reduce energy consumption.