bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Slurry Consolidation Approach to Reconstitute Low-Plasticity Silt Specimens for Laboratory Triaxial Testing
Authors: Wang Shuying , Luna Ronaldo , Stephenson Richard W. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Silt specimen reconstitution using a slurry consolidation approach is commonly used for laboratory testing. This paper presents a new slurry consolidation approach to reconstitute silt specimens for use in triaxial testing. Silt specimens were reconstituted in a split vacuum mold mounted on a special experimental setup. The uniformity of the reconstituted specimens was verified by measuring the water content and grain size distribution throughout the specimens. The testing program was expedited using a special sample handling technique to move the specimen from the special experimental setup to the triaxial chamber base platen. The handling process did not disturb the specimens to a measurable degree. Further, the replicas of the reconstituted specimens were verified by submitting them to basic volumetric measurements followed by static and cyclic triaxial tests. The triaxial test results reported very small differences.
Bias in the Planimetric Procedure According to ASTM E112 and Corrected Method
Authors: Heping Li , Xing Zhou 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
According to the paragraph 11.1 of ASTM E112, the sum of all the grains included completely within the known circle or rectangle area plus one half the number of the grains intersected by the circumference of the area gives the number of equivalent whole grains. It can be expressed as N=Nc+0.5Np. However it is demonstrated in this paper that there is a bias of one grain introduced by using this procedure and the formula should be changed to N=Nc+0.5Np–1. Two methods have been used in this paper to prove this conclusion. The first one is stereometric method and the second one is a handcalculation using a quadrille ruled paper and a transparence film with a circle on it. The circle of the film is randomly placed on top of the squares of the quadrille ruled paper to count the number of squares within the circle area. A computer program has been developed to allow different size of circles to be used and also to makes it possible to repeat these experiments as many times as needed.
Association between serum TSH concentration within the normal range and adiposity
Authors: Souza Amanda de Moura , Sichieri Rosely 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundOvert hypothyroidism is clearly related to body weight gain and greater adiposity, but the range of hormonal change in serum TSH concentration associated with weight gain remains a focus of debate.AimThe aim of this review was to assess studies that evaluated the relationship between anthropometric measures and serum TSH concentration in euthyroid subjects.MethodsStudies held on the Ovid MEDLINE database were searched and original articles published from 2000 to 2010 were included. The literature search was restricted to studies conducted in humans aged 18 years or older and written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Studies that evaluated the association between anthropometric measures and serum TSH within the normal range as the primary objective, as well as additional analysis, were included.ResultsA total of 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of the 29 studies, 18 showed a positive relationship between measures of adiposity and serum TSH. Despite the plausibility of this association, only two studies reported longitudinal findings. The influence of smoking on the association between serum TSH and anthropometric measures was evaluated in only three studies and remains unclear.ConclusionThus, further longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms by which TSH concentration might impact body weight.
Performance of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Rognant Nicolas , Lemoine Sandrine , Laville Martine , Hadj-Aïssa Aoumeur , Dubourg Laurence 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE
The best method to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in diabetic patients is still largely debated. We compared the performance of creatinine-based formulas in a European diabetic population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We compared the performance of Cockcroft and Gault, simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) Collaboration equations in 246 diabetic patients by calculating the mean bias and the interquartile range (IQR) of the bias, 10% (P10) and 30% (P30) accuracies, and Bland-Altman plots. GFR was measured by inulin clearance.

RESULTS
For the whole population, the IQR was slightly lower for CKD-EPI, but the mean bias was lower and P10 and P30 were higher for MDRD. Similar results were observed in specific subgroups, including patients with mild renal insufficiency, obese patients, or type 2 diabetic patients.

CONCLUSIONS
In our population, the CKD-EPI formula does not exhibit better performance than the simplified MDRD formula for estimating GFR.
Destins de l'amour de transfert
Authors: Rengifo Francisco 
Published: May 2011

Au début d’une analyse, le sujet se trouve confronté à une dépendance, vis-à-vis de l’analyste, dans laquelle l’amour de transfert se situe dans une position privilégiée. Le virage qui s’opère dans l’analyse produit, chez le sujet, la réalisation du fait que ce savoir supposé à l’analyste se mue, se transforme, en « savoir lire Autrement ». La chute du sujet-supposé-savoir dévoile que derrière la supposition de savoir, pieux semblant que l’analysant attribuait à l’analyste, il n’y a rien, il y a le roc de La Chose. C’est la faille du langage qui fait que le sujet cherche à inventer un rapport à l’inconscient qui le pousse à interroger ses formations, et qui le pousse à s’autoriser d’un transfert de travail et d’une didactique théorique ayant quelques autres comme témoins. Le psychanalyste, dont l’existence dépend, tout de même, de l’institution analytique, n’a pas d’autre choix que de rester dans le didactisme de La Chose. Aussi bien dans sa pratique que dans l’expérience de groupe, par le biais du transfert de travail, la tentative de cerner La Chose est le point vif qu’il sera amené à raviver continuellement, afin de confronter les questions qui se dégagent de l’énigme qu’introduit l’inconscient dans la culture.
Emily L. de Marguerite Duras : le poème ravi
Authors: Elfakir Véronique 
Published: May 2011

À travers l’étude des personnages d’Emily L. et de Lol V. Stein, cet article tente d’illustrer le processus créatif chez M. Duras. En gravitant sans cesse autour d’un poème perdu ou d’un mot manquant, ces deux textes semblent en fait venir scénariser le processus même de l’écriture qui s’apparente à une expérience de dépossession de soi proche de la « folie » où la souffrance peut toutefois espérer faire « œuvre ».
« La contribution du spectateur »
Authors: Ruby Christian 
Published: May 2011

Résumé En puisant dans les analyses de Th. W. Adorno concernant le spectateur et ses rapports avec l’œuvre d’art, cet article esquisse d’abord un double questionnement. D’une part, celui de savoir comment le philosophe se rapporte au spectateur-contemplateur classique, naturalisé et figé par le type d’autonomie de l’art élaboré par Immanuel Kant. D’autre part, celui de comprendre pourquoi Adorno affirme que le spectateur réifié dans l’art classique par ses règles constitutives facilite le déploiement des industries culturelles. Ceci montré, il débouche sur une troisième perspective. Qu’en est-il alors de l’art moderne qu’Adorno loue pour ses pratiques participatives ? Cette participation favorise-t-elle ou non la critique du poids des industries culturelles sur les consciences ? Sur ce plan, les réponses d’Adorno ne nous semblent pas convaincantes. Il échoue nous semble-t-il à donner corps à une pratique de l’émancipation, laquelle ne se contenterait pas de pousser chacun de nous à se réapproprier la culture mais se proposerait de réveiller en chacun de nouvelles capacités à lutter pour son émancipation.
Progresar en Madrid: aspiraciones y expectativas de la segunda generación en España
Authors: Portes Alejandro , Aparicio Gomez Rosa , Haller William , Vickstrom Erik 
Published: May 2011

Este artículo analiza determinantes de las aspiraciones y expectativasentre los hijos de inmigrantes basándose en una muestra representativade jóvenes de la segunda generacion entrevistados en colegios desecundaria del área metropolitana de Madrid. Sobre la consecución deestatus en general y de las aspiraciones y expectativas en particular, seformula un conjunto de siete hipótesis. Presentamos desagregacionesde las aspiraciones y expectativas educacionales y ocupacionales porgénero, educación parental y escuela. El análisis fi naliza con modelosde ecuaciones estructurales que ofrecen una perspectiva teórica integradade la estructura causal de la ambición en el contexto español. Seexaminan las consecuencias de nuestras conclusiones para la teoría ylas políticas.
Synthesis of chitosan beads as boron sorbents
Authors: Bursalı Elif Ant , Seki Yoldaş , Seyhan Serap , Delener Merve , Yurdakoç Mürüvvet 
Published: May 2011

AbstractParameters, such as pH, temperature, initial boron concentration, adsorbent dosage, and ionic strength, affecting boron adsorption onto chitosan beads were examined in this study. The following values were obtained as the optimum conditions in our studied ranges: pH 8.0, temperature = 308 K, amount of chitosan beads = 0.15 g, initial boron concentration = 4 mg L−1, and ionic strength = 0.1 M NaCl]. The adsorption kinetics were also examined in terms of three kinetic models: the pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, and intraparticle diffusion models. The pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model showed very good agreement with the experimental data. Intraparticle plots seemed to have two steps and indicated multilinearity. Equilibrium data were evaluated with nonlinear and linear forms of the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The experimental data conformed to the Freundlich equation on the basis of the formation of multilayer adsorption. To characterize the synthesized chitosan beads, we used Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. As shown by FTIR analysis, the boron species may have interacted with the NH2 groups on chitosan. Microparticles of about 5 μm appeared in the SEM micrographs of the chitosan beads. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Reactive blending of aromatic polyesters: Thermal and X‐ray analysis of melt‐blended poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(trimethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Castellano M. , Marsano E. , Turturro A. , Canetti M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe investigated the reactive melt blending of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) in terms of the thermal properties and structural features of the resultant materials. Our main objectives were (1) to investigate the effects of the processing conditions on the nonisothermal melt crystallization and subsequent melting behavior of the blends and (2) to assess the effects of the blending time on the structural characteristics of the transreaction products with a fixed composition. The melting parameters (e.g., the melting temperature, melting enthalpy, and crystallization temperature) decreased with the mixing time; the crystallization behavior was strongly affected by the composition and blending time. Moreover, a significant role was played by the final temperature of the heating treatment; this meant that interchange reactions occurred during blending and continued during thermal analysis. The wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction patterns obtained under moderate blending conditions showed the presence of crystalline peaks of PET and PTT; however, the profiles became flatter after blending. This effect was more and more evident as the mixing time increased. Transesterification reactions between the polyesters due to longer blending times with an intermediate composition led to a new copolymer material characterized by its own diffraction profile and a reduced melting temperature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of reactive blocked‐isocyanate coupling agents from methyl ethyl ketoxime, ethyl cellosolve/ε‐caprolactam blocked aromatic and aliphatic diisocyanates
Authors: Shen Tengfei , Zhou Dewen , Liang Liyan , Zheng Jie , Lan Yanxun , Lu Mangeng 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA series of water‐dispersible blocked polyisocyanates were synthesized from toluene 2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), dimethylol propionic acid, methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKO), ethyl cellosolve (EC), and ϵ‐caprolactam (CL). The physical properties, such as the viscosity, pH, and storage stability, of the blocked‐polyisocyanate adducts were measured. All aqueous dispersions of the blocked polyisocyanates showed good storage stability. The prepared blocked polyisocyanates were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. The FTIR confirmed that the NCO groups of the original TDI and IPDI molecules were completely blocked by the blocking agents. The thermal analysis measurements revealed that both the blocked TDI‐ and IPDI‐based polyisocyanates started to deblock at about 55–85°C. Compared to the CL‐blocked polyisocyanates, the MEKO‐ and EC‐blocked polyisocyanates had lower thermal dissociation temperatures and faster deblocking rates. We also found that the initial deblocking temperatures of the TDI‐based adducts were lower than those of the IPDI‐based adducts. The water resistance and tensile properties of the composite films from the blocked‐polyisocyanate crosslinkers and hydroxyl–polyurethane emulsion (HPUE) matrix were studied. The tensile strength increased and the elongation at break were lower in the composites compared to the pure HPUE film. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and properties of novel polyimide optical materials with different haloid pendant
Authors: Xing Yan , Wang Dong , Gao Hong , Jiang Zhenhua 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTo investigate the difference of trifluoromethyl group and chlorine group affecting the optical properties of polyimides (PIs), two diamine monomers with different haloid pendants were designed and synthesized including (1,4‐(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)‐2‐(3′5′‐ditrifluoromethylphenyl)benzene and (1,4‐(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)‐2‐(3′‐trifluoromethyl‐4′‐chlorophenyl) benzene). From both diamines, two series of PIs with different haloid pendants were prepared via two‐step chemical imidization methods with various dianhydride compounds. All the PIs have the high Tg, excellent thermal stability and good solubility, and can be formed the transparent, strong, and flexible films. All the PIs also are good transparent in UV‐evisible absorption spectra, and have the low birefringences (0.0128–0.0157 at 650 nm) and low optical loss at communication windows. Two series of PIs exhibit the similar optical properties, except for refractive index. Based on the fantastic characterization, a series of optical materials with the tunable refractive indices were obtained by copolymerization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Does knee osteoarthritis differentially modulate proprioceptive acuity in the frontal and sagittal planes of the knee?
Authors: Cammarata Martha L. , Schnitzer Thomas J. , Dhaher Yasin Y. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveImpaired proprioception may alter joint loading and contribute to the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Although frontal plane loading at the knee contributes to OA, proprioception and its modulation with OA in this direction have not been examined. The aim of this study was to assess knee proprioceptive acuity in the frontal and sagittal planes in patients with knee OA and healthy subjects. We hypothesized that proprioceptive acuity in both planes of movement will be decreased in patients with OA.MethodsThe study group comprised 13 patients with knee OA and 14 healthy age‐matched subjects. Proprioceptive acuity was assessed in varus, valgus, flexion, and extension using threshold to detection of passive movement (TDPM) tests. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to assess differences in TDPM values between the 2 groups and across movement directions. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the correlation of the TDPM between and within planes of movement.ResultsThe TDPM was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the group with knee OA compared with the control group for all directions tested, indicating reduced proprioceptive acuity. Differences in the TDPM between groups were consistent across all movement directions, with mean differences as follows: for valgus, 0.94° (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.20–1.65°); for varus, 0.92° (95% CI 0.18–1.68°); for extension, 0.93° (95% CI 0.19–1.66°); for flexion, 1.11° (95% CI 0.38–1.85°). The TDPM measures across planes of movement were only weakly correlated, especially in the group with knee OA.ConclusionConsistent differences in the TDPM between the group of patients with knee OA and the control group across all movement directions suggest a global, not direction‐specific, reduction in sensation in patients with knee OA.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding whole body donation among medical professionals in a hospital in India
Authors: Ballala Kirthinath , Shetty Avinash , Malpe Surekha Bhat 
Published: May 2011

AbstractVoluntary body donation has become an important source of cadavers for anatomical study and education. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding whole body donation among medical professionals in a medical institute in India. A cross sectional study was conducted at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, India, among medical doctors. Data was collected from consenting individuals in the age group of 25–65 years by convenience sampling method. A semi‐structured, pretested, questionnaire designed to assess KAP regarding whole body donation was provided to the study population (n = 106); 97 individuals returned the completed questionnaire. Results showed that 8% of the medical professionals were unaware of the term body donation and 85% believed that donated bodies were misused. A large proportion of the respondents did not know about the authority that oversaw body donation, or its criteria for accepting donated bodies and diseases for which bodies were screened before acceptance. Only 22% of polled physicians were willing to donate their bodies for medical education, but 68% expected the public to do the same. While only 7% had already registered their own names for body donation, 64% were not aware of any known person having registered and 72% indicated that their decision would not be influenced even if they knew of friends who had registered. These results suggest that educating medical students and professionals regarding the altruistic act of body donation is as important as educating the general public. Anat Sci Educ 4:142–150, 2011. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
On the relationship between query characteristics and IR functions retrieval bias
Authors: Bashir Shariq , Rauber Andreas 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBias quantification of retrieval functions with the help of document retrievability scores has recently evolved as an important evaluation measure for recall‐oriented retrieval applications. While numerous studies have evaluated retrieval bias of retrieval functions, solid validation of its impact on realistic types of queries is still limited. This is due to the lack of well‐accepted criteria for query generation for estimating retrievability. Commonly, random queries are used for approximating documents retrievability due to the prohibitively large query space and time involved in processing all queries. Additionally, a cumulative retrievability score of documents over all queries is used for analyzing retrieval functions (retrieval) bias. However, this approach does not consider the difference between different query characteristics (QCs) and their influence on retrieval functions' bias quantification. This article provides an in‐depth study of retrievability over different QCs. It analyzes the correlation of lower/higher retrieval bias with different query characteristics. The presence of strong correlation between retrieval bias and query characteristics in experiments indicates the possibility of determining retrieval bias of retrieval functions without processing an exhaustive query set. Experiments are validated on TREC Chemical Retrieval Track consisting of 1.2 million patent documents.
Effects of changing highway design speed
Authors: Choi Jaisung , Tay Richard , Kim Sangyoup 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYIn an effort to increase the operational efficiency of highways, South Korea has been increasing its design speed recently. However, the use of higher design speed will also increase construction costs. Moreover, increasing the design speed is expected to have an impact on safety. Hence, there is a strong need to demonstrate that the benefits outweigh the cost of having a higher design speed. This study surveyed a sample of design engineers to determine their awareness of the consequences of increasing design speed and their assessment of the right design speed for an actual rural arterial road. In addition to the survey, a case study of three recently upgraded highways was conducted to determine the changes in traffic volumes, speeds, travel times and accidents. The construction costs associated with the upgrades were also reported. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of Rutile Titanium Dioxide White Pigment by a Novel NaOH Molten‐Salt Process: Influence of Doping and Calcination
Authors: Wang Y. , Li J. , Wang L. , Qi T. , Chen D. , Wang W. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) white pigment is prepared by a novel NaOH molten‐salt process. Titanium slag is decomposited by NaOH molten salt to obtain sodium titanate which is then converted into hydrate titanium dioxide (H2TiO3) through acid dissolution and hydrolysis. Finally, TiO2 white pigment is prepared by H2TiO3 doping and calcinations. H2TiO3 prepared by this innovative method is characterized and the influencing factors of doping and calcination of H2TiO3 on pigmentary properties of TiO2 are investigated. H2TiO3 with certain characteristics could be prepared through the controlled hydrolysis step in the NaOH molten‐salt process. Good pigmentary properties of rutile TiO2 white pigment are achieved by doping with suitable amounts of K2O, P2O5, Al2O3, and rutile nuclei, thereby approaching the quality of the commercial TiO2 pigment standards.