bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching for who benefits most and least: An analysis of moderators of the TRUE Dads fatherhood intervention
Authors: Cowan Philip A. , Cowan Carolyn Pape 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEvaluations of interventions to promote fathers' involvement in family life typically focus on whether or not the intervention has a positive impact. Some evaluations also attempt to describe mediators that explain how the intervention is linked to specific outcomes. An evaluation of TRUE Dads, a Randomized Clinical Trial of a couples‐based fatherhood intervention for low‐income families, reported results that addressed these two issues. Reporting new analyses, the present study addresses a question asked in only a very few fatherhood intervention studies: Are there moderator variables that define characteristics of participants who benefit most or least from the intervention? A total of 46 potential moderators of 2 significant intervention outcomes – reductions in personal distress and in negative evaluations of the parents' relationship with each other – were selected from a 5‐domain risk/protective model of family functioning (Cowan & Cowan, 2018. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 92, 111) and from a set of demographic variables associated with these outcomes. An additional 24 potential moderators were tested on 4 outcomes that did not have direct intervention effects. Only 6 of the 70 moderator tests were statistically significant. The intervention provided greater reductions in parents' personal distress when fathers had more economic resources, co‐parents had higher levels of education, and the parents were living in the same household on entering the study. There were greater reductions in negative aspects of their couple or co‐parenting relationship when the parents at enrollment described more difficulties in the parent–child relationship, fathers were more involved in the children's daily care and were living in the household with their child. No other moderators were found. The results support the conclusion that TRUE Dads was equally effective for a relatively wide range of participants. This search for potential moderators of TRUE Dads outcomes is presented as an example of a needed direction in the evaluation of fatherhood interventions.
How to choose between single‐use and reusable medical materials for sustainable nursing: Methodological lessons learned from a national study
Authors: Vanderwee Katrien , Demarré Liesbet , Malfait Simon , Kieckens Evelien , De Waegemaeker Pascal , Duprez Veerle , Fraeyman Norbert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo demonstrate and reflect upon the methodological lessons by which healthcare organizations can address questions of environmental sustainability related to single‐use healthcare materials.DesignA cross‐sectional multi‐centre study in hospitals was performed, followed by an exploratory analysis of the sustainability of commonly used healthcare materials.MethodsA hospital survey was conducted to collect the procurement data for single‐use medical materials. Based on consumption and cost, five single‐use medical materials with sustainable alternatives were selected using different reuse strategies. Single‐use and reusable materials were assessed through an exploratory literature review and document study based on four parameters: environmental sustainability, safety, cost and efficiency.ResultsA pragmatic method emerged from this study, providing healthcare facilities with tools to select environmentally sustainable alternatives to replace single‐use options. First, an inventory of single‐use medical materials consumed was collected. Next, single‐use materials were prioritized for further study based on criteria such as cost, volume of the material, feasibility and input of stakeholders. We then analysed the prioritized single‐use materials and their alternatives based on life cycle assessments or available information on their different life stages. Finally, we assessed safety, costs and efficiency related to the process following the use of the medical material.ConclusionThis pragmatic method can guide healthcare institutions in making the most sustainable choices of medical materials and achieving sustainability goals within their institutions and nationwide.ImpactPatient care involves a large consumption of single‐use medical materials with considerable environmental impact. A pragmatic method was developed to guide healthcare institutions in making the most sustainable choices regarding the use of single‐use healthcare materials. Healthcare institutions, ideally represented by a green team including nurses and other relevant professionals, can use this method to reduce the use of single‐use medical materials, thereby yielding positive outcomes for the entire population.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Contact exposure of honey bees and social stingless bees to fungicide sprayed on cotton and soybean in a controlled field simulation system
Authors: Freitas Tainá Angélica de Lima , Kato Aline Yukari , Gomes Cássia Regina de Avelar , Alves Thais Regina Ramos , Ferraz Yara Martins Molina , Serafim Jéssica Aparecida , Silva Mariana Avelar Gomes , De Jong David , Prado Evandro Pereira , Vicente Eduardo Festozo , Nicodemo Daniel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBees can be exposed to pesticides when visiting crops or plants in adjacent areas affected by spray drift. Among pesticide categories, fungicides tend to be considered relatively safe, though they also can negatively affect pollinators. Most evidence of damage by fungicides to bees comes from laboratory tests; there is little information concerning contamination levels in the field. We examined exposure of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and a common Brazilian native species of social stingless bees (Scaptotrigona postica Latreille; Hymenoptera: Apidae), which is about a third the size of a honey bee, to a commercial fungicide (Fox Xpro), with three active ingredients (trifloxystrobin, bixafen, and prothioconazole), applied to crops they often visit according to label directions. A spraying apparatus mounted on tracks in a laboratory spray room was used to simulate field conditions. Soybean and cotton plants grown in pots were transferred to the spray room when the plants were in flower. Anaesthetized bees were attached with insect pins at the top and middle of the plants, on leaves and flowers. The fungicide was applied using fine or coarse droplets. The amounts of the individual active ingredients absorbed by bees were then quantified. Concentrations of trifloxystrobin were highest in both honey bees and stingless bees, followed by bixafen, and then prothioconazole, which was detected in the bees at much lower levels. Overall, bees at the top of the plants and those sprayed with fine droplets absorbed more pesticide. As a function of body mass, the stingless bees were more heavily contaminated than the larger honey bees. Tests using spraying systems that simulate field conditions can better estimate the actual doses that contaminate bees to help determine the impact of fungicides and other pesticides applied to crops.
Experimental investigation of the use of a radiant porous burner in a novel dual hot air generator based on the food drying process
Authors: Hernández Christian , Arriagada Andrés , Saavedra Enzo , Toledo Mario 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHot air generators are essential for food drying processes, operating in either indirect or direct modes. In this study, a high‐power radiant porous burner in a novel dual hot air generator (HAG‐D) was designed and experimentally investigated. Temperatures and emissions of the combustion process are reported for 9, 13, and 18 kW, and 20% and 40% of excess air. Indirect and direct modes were tested across airflow rates of 300–1100 m3/h to assess thermal efficiency. For indirect mode operation, 88% thermal efficiency is the highest value for 9 kW, 20% excess air, with an airflow of 890 m3/h observing air temperature difference (outlet minus inlet) of approximately 30°C. Furthermore, CO and NOx emissions were found in the range of 0–30 ppm and 20–45 ppm, respectively. For direct mode operation, results showed that for 18 kW with 20% and 40% excess air, the maximum thermal efficiency was 82% with an airflow of 670–1040 m3/h and air temperature difference in the range of 50–80°C. Results confirm that the radiant heat transfer mechanism allows for higher efficiencies and less pollution in a wide range of powers in the HAG‐D unit. The direct mode is recommended for food drying processes due to low exposure to flue gases, and the indirect mode is for other industrial applications due to its high efficiency. Future studies are suggested to assess renewable fuels, such as liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas and hydrogen mixtures, toward energy transition.Practical applicationsThe potential applications or practical benefits of the develop of this novel dual hot air generator is in the food industry, particularly in drying process of fruits and vegetables. Also, air conditioning, and space heating (household use) processes stand out among their several applications to generate hot air, such as paint, and wood.
Genomic analysis of Helicobacter pylori in Australia: Antimicrobial resistance, phylogenetic patterns, and virulence factors
Authors: Schubert Jonathon P , Tay Alfred , Lee Khui Hung (Claire) , Leong Lex E X , Rayner Christopher K , Warner Morgyn S , Roberts‐Thomson Ian C , Costello Samuel P , Bryant Robert V 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimRates of antimicrobial‐resistant Helicobacter pylori infection are rising globally, but little is known about contemporary resistance patterns, virulence factors, and phylogenetic patterns of isolates within Australia. We aimed to characterize antimicrobial resistance and genetic mutations associated with adverse clinical outcomes.MethodsWhole genome sequencing, culturing, and antibiotic sensitivity data for refractory H. pylori isolates at Australian centers were collected between 2013 and 2022. Phylogenetic origins, antibiotic resistance mutations, and virulence factors were examined with phenotypic resistance profiles.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐five isolates underwent culture, with 109 of these undergoing whole genome sequencing. Forty‐three isolates were isolated from patients in South Australia and 66 from Western Australia. Isolates originated primarily from hpEurope (59.6%), hpEastAsia (25.7%), and hpNEAfrica (6.4%). Antimicrobial resistance to clarithromycin was seen in 85% of isolates, metronidazole in 52%, levofloxacin in 18%, rifampicin in 14%, and amoxicillin in 9%. Most isolates (59%) were multi‐drug resistant. Resistance concordance between genetically determined resistance and phenotypic resistance was 92% for clarithromycin and 94% for levofloxacin. Analysis of virulence factors demonstrated cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) in 67% of isolates and cagA in 61%, correlating with isolate genetic origin. The most virulent s1m1 vacuolating cytotoxin A genotype was present in 26% of isolates.ConclusionRefractory H. pylori isolates in Australia emanate from multiple global origins. Strong concordance between genetic and phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles raises the possibility of utilizing genetic profiling in clinical practice. The dynamic landscape of H. pylori in Australia warrants the establishment of a national database to monitor H. pylori resistance and evolving virulence.
Chronic insomnia, REM sleep instability and emotional dysregulation: A pathway to anxiety and depression?
Authors: Riemann Dieter , Dressle Raphael J. , Benz Fee , Spiegelhalder Kai , Johann Anna F. , Nissen Christoph , Hertenstein Elisabeth , Baglioni Chiara , Palagini Laura , Krone Lukas , Perlis Michael L. , Domschke Katharina , Berger Mathias , Feige Bernd 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe world‐wide prevalence of insomnia disorder reaches up to 10% of the adult population. Women are more often afflicted than men, and insomnia disorder is a risk factor for somatic and mental illness, especially depression and anxiety disorders. Persistent hyperarousals at the cognitive, emotional, cortical and/or physiological levels are central to most theories regarding the pathophysiology of insomnia. Of the defining features of insomnia disorder, the discrepancy between minor objective polysomnographic alterations of sleep continuity and substantive subjective impairment in insomnia disorder remains enigmatic. Microstructural alterations, especially in rapid eye movement sleep (“rapid eye movement sleep instability”), might explain this mismatch between subjective and objective findings. As rapid eye movement sleep represents the most highly aroused brain state during sleep, it might be particularly prone to fragmentation in individuals with persistent hyperarousal. In consequence, mentation during rapid eye movement sleep may be toned more as conscious‐like wake experience, reflecting pre‐sleep concerns. It is suggested that this instability of rapid eye movement sleep is involved in the mismatch between subjective and objective measures of sleep in insomnia disorder. Furthermore, as rapid eye movement sleep has been linked in previous works to emotional processing, rapid eye movement sleep instability could play a central role in the close association between insomnia and depressive and anxiety disorders.
Do measures of social support and social distress share general factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempts?
Authors: Saulnier K. G. , King C. A. , Ilgen M. A. , Ganoczy D. , Jagusch J. , Garlick J. , Abraham K. M. , Lapidos A. , Kim H. M. , Vega E. , Ahmedani B. K. , Pfeiffer P. N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionAspects of social relationships have variably been associated with suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SAs). This study assessed whether social support and social distress measures have general factors versus measure‐specific factors that are associated with suicide risk.MethodsAdults (N = 455, 60.0% female), admitted to psychiatric inpatient units following a recent suicide attempt or active SI, completed assessments of social support (emotional support, instrumental support, friendship, perceived support from significant others, friends, family) and social distress (loneliness, perceived rejection, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness). Bifactor modeling examined general and specific factors of social support and distress in relation to SI (week prior to hospitalization, via the Beck Scale for SI) and SAs (past 30 days, via the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale).ResultsSI was significantly associated with the general social support (B = −1.51), the general social distress (B = 1.67), and the specific perceived burdensomeness (B = 1.57) factors. SAs were significantly associated with the specific Perceived Rejection (OR = 1.05) and Thwarted Belongingness (OR = 0.91) factors.ConclusionGeneral social support and social distress were associated with SI but not recent SAs. Specific social distress factors were also related to SI and SAs controlling for general social distress, suggesting areas for future interventions.
Rickettsia africae infections in sub‐Saharan Africa: A systematic literature review of epidemiological studies and summary of case reports
Authors: Zhang Elizabeth Y. , Kalmath Prarthana , Abernathy Haley A. , Giandomenico Dana A. , Nolan Melissa S. , Reiskind Michael H. , Boyce Ross M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRickettsia africae is a tick‐borne bacteria known to cause African tick bite fever (ATBF). While the disease was first described more than 100 years ago, knowledge of transmission risk factors and disease burden remain poorly described. To better understand the burden of R. africae, this article reviewed and summarized the published literature related to ATBF epidemiology and clinical management. Using a systematic approach, consistent with the PRISMA guidelines, we identified more than 100 eligible articles, including 65 epidemiological studies and 41 case reports. Most reports described R. africae in ticks and livestock, while human studies were less common. Human disease case reports were exclusively among returning travellers from non‐endemic areas, which limits our disease knowledge among at‐risk populations: people living in endemic regions. Substantial efforts to elucidate the ATBF risk factors and clinical manifestations among local populations are needed to develop effective preventative strategies and facilitate appropriate and timely diagnosis.
Experimental Validation of Analytical Predictions for the “Deviant” Density of Oleo-Nanofluids Based on the nanoFin Effect
Authors: Bhattacharya Ritwik , Lee Jonghyun , Sen Anindito , Banerjee Debjyoti 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Experimental validation of the analytical predictions for the “deviant” density enhancement of nanofluids is presented in this study. Experimental measurements of density were complemented by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of these nanofluid samples. The analytical model predicts the effective density of the nanofluid as a function of the mass fractions and densities of the nanoparticle, the base solvent, and the “compressed phase” of the solvent encapsulating the nanoparticle. In this study, casein is used as the nanoparticle candidate at a mass fraction of 1% and paraffin oil (which is essentially a phase change material (PCM)) is used as the neat solvent (base fluid). The experimental measurements demonstrate anomalous enhancement of the density of the oleo-nanofluids, which is 7% in excess of the value predicted by the conventional mixing rule (with a measurement uncertainty less than 1.2%). The formation of a compressed phase within the nanofluid domain is responsible for the “surplus” density (deviant density) of the oleo-nanofluid. The predicted values are found to closely match the actual dimensions of the nanostructures measured in the TEM images, hence conclusively validating the numerical model for estimating the magnitude of the deviant density contributed by the compressed phase. This also confirms the presence of a compressed phase (which is a consequence of the “nanoFin effect”), that was investigated and validated in this study. This surplus densification in hydrocarbons (such as PCM and oil-based nanofluids) makes them potentially attractive candidates as radiation shielding materials (e.g., for deep space exploration applications).
Mini Winnies: scaled down and transparent Winogradsky columns for microscopy in microbiology education
Authors: Fink Mara R. , Sodia Tyler Z. , Cash Kevin J. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Winogradsky columns were invented by Sergei Winogradsky in the 1880s and have commonly been used as a microbiology classroom learning tool in K-12 and collegiate education. However, they can be challenging to examine with microscopy. We scaled down Winogradsky columns into nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tubes and replaced the natural sediment with a transparent soil substitute toward the goal of observing the microbial growth under a bright-field microscope without column disassembly. Using this “Mini Winnie” approach, students can practice their microscopy skills while observing microbial growth inside the column after only days of incubation on the laboratory windowsill. Overall, we believe that the Mini Winnies provide a simple method for maximizing student engagement while giving them a greater understanding of how microorganisms interact in the environment.
Migraine inhibitor olcegepant reduces weight loss and IL-6 release in SARS-CoV-2-infected older mice with neurological signs
Authors: Rahman Shafaqat M. , Buchholz David W. , Imbiakha Brian , Jager Mason C. , Leach Justin , Osborn Raven M. , Birmingham Ann O. , Dewhurst Stephen , Aguilar Hector C. , Luebke Anne E. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

COVID-19 can cause neurological symptoms such as fever, dizziness, and nausea. However, such neurological symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been hardly assessed in mouse models. In this study, we infected two commonly used wild-type mouse lines (C57BL/6J and 129/SvEv) and a 129S calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) null-line with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated neurological signs including fever, dizziness, and nausea. We then evaluated whether a CGRP receptor antagonist, olcegepant, a “gepant” antagonist used in migraine treatment, could mitigate acute neuroinflammatory and neurological signs of SARS-COV-2 infection. First, we determined whether CGRP receptor antagonism provided protection from permanent weight loss in older (>18 m) C57BL/6J and 129/SvEv mice. We also observed acute fever, dizziness, and nausea in all older mice, regardless of treatment. In both wild-type mouse lines, CGRP antagonism reduced acute interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels with virtually no IL-6 release in mice lacking αCGRP. These findings suggest that migraine inhibitors such as those blocking CGRP receptor signaling protect against acute IL-6 release and subsequent inflammatory events after SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may have repercussions for related pandemic or endemic coronavirus outbreaks.

IMPORTANCE
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause neurological symptoms such as fever, headache, dizziness, and nausea. However, such neurological symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been hardly assessed in mouse models. In this study, we first infected two commonly used wild-type mouse lines (C57BL/6J and 129S) with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated neurological symptoms including fever and nausea. Furthermore, we showed that the migraine treatment drug olcegepant could reduce long-term weight loss and IL-6 release associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings suggest that a migraine blocker can be protective for at least some acute SARS-CoV-2 infection signs and raise the possibility that it may also impact long-term outcomes.