bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of machinability in micro-EDM drilling of ZrB2/Fly ash/AA7075 hybrid aluminium metal matrix composite
Authors: Kumar Prakash , Pratap Suresh , Kumar Binay , Datta Somak 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This work investigates the importance of micro-drilling in Hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites (HAMMCs), particularly for the aerospace and automotive industries. The HAMMCs (AA7075/5% ZrB2/2% fly) ash was fabricated using the ultrasonic assisted stir casting method. Taguchi’s design of experiments is employed to optimize the material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is then used to determine the significance of the model. The study also utilizes a hybrid artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) approach to optimize both MRR and TWR. By optimizing machining processes for HAMMCs, manufacturers can achieve high-precision micro holes. The optimal input parameters were found to be a feed rate of 10 μm sec−1, a capacitance of 1 nF, and a voltage of 85 V, achieving the minimum TWR and maximum MRR.
Design and simulation of a novel reactor for the H2 storage mechanism in methylcyclohexane
Authors: Akram Muhammad S , Usman Muhammad R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The present study addresses the modeling and simulation of an intensified dehydrogenation reactor-heat exchanger system designed for a H2-based 2.0 MW mobile power plant. The reactor consisted of a multiple triple-tube system where the catalyst was packed in the middle tube while hot exhaust gases passed through the innermost and outermost tubes. A basecase design was defined and the reactor was simulated using the rigorous kinetics developed elsewhere for the MCH dehydrogenation. The parabolic differential equations of mass and heat energy were solved and the axial and radial conversion and temperature profiles were computed. Moreover, the effects of the number of longitudinal fins on the reactor tubes as well as the flow direction were also studied. With 12 number of fins on the reactor tube, the MCH conversion increased from 70.8% to 81.8%, with a corresponding increase in the average bed temperature from 569.3 K to 577.6 K and hydrogen yield from 37.05 kmol h−1 to 42.79 kmol h−1.
TomOpt: differential optimisation for task- and constraint-aware design of particle detectors in the context of muon tomography
Authors: Strong Giles C , Lagrange Maxime , Orio Aitor , Bordignon Anna , Bury Florian , Dorigo Tommaso , Giammanco Andrea , Heikal Mariam , Kieseler Jan , Lamparth Max , Martínez Ruíz del Árbol Pablo , Nardi Federico , Vischia Pietro , Zaraket Haitham 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We describe a software package, TomOpt, developed to optimise the geometrical layout and specifications of detectors designed for tomography by scattering of cosmic-ray muons. The software exploits differentiable programming for the modeling of muon interactions with detectors and scanned volumes, the inference of volume properties, and the optimisation cycle performing the loss minimisation. In doing so, we provide the first demonstration of end-to-end-differentiable and inference-aware optimisation of particle physics instruments. We study the performance of the software on a relevant benchmark scenario and discuss its potential applications. Our code is available on Github (Strong et al 2024 available at: https://github.com/GilesStrong/tomopt).
Deep artificial neural network-powered phase field model for predicting damage characteristic in brittle composite under varying configurations
Authors: Nguyen Hoang-Quan , Le Ba-Anh , Tran Bao-Viet , Vu Thai-Son , Bui Thi-Loan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This work introduces a novel artificial neural network (ANN)-powered phase field model, offering rapid and precise predictions of fracture propagation in brittle materials. To improve the capabilities of the ANN model, we incorporate a loop of conditions into its core to regulate the absolute percentage error for each observation point, that filters and consistently selects the most accurate outcome. This algorithm enables our model to better adapt to the highly sensitive validation data arising from varying configurations. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated through three examples involving changes in the microgeometry and material properties of steel fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete structures. Indeed, the predicted outcomes from the improved ANN phase field model in terms of stress–strain relationship, and crack propagation path demonstrates an outperformance compared with that based on the extreme gradient boosting method, a leading regression machine learning technique for tabular data. Additionally, the introduced model exhibits a remarkable speed advantage, being 180 times faster than traditional phase field simulations, and provides results at nearly any fiber location, demonstrating superiority over the phase field model. This study marks a significant advancement in the application of artificial intelligence for accurately predicting crack propagation paths in composite materials, particularly in cases involving the relative positioning of the fiber and initial crack location.
Development of an aptasensor to target metallo-β-lactamase through Förster resonance energy transfer
Authors: Ayed Zeineb , Davis Nathaniel , Goreham Renee V 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The escalating issue of antibiotic resistance in bacteria necessitates innovative detection methods to identify resistance mechanisms promptly. In this study, we present a novel approach for detecting resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium known for its metallo-β-lactamase production during the development of antibiotic resistance. We have designed an aptasensor employing Förster resonance energy transfer utilising two distinct methodologies. Initially, indium phosphide quantum dots with a zinc sulphide shell, and gold nanoparticles were utilised as the Förster resonance energy transfer donor-acceptor pair. Although this system demonstrated a response, the efficiency was low. Subsequently, optimisation involved relocating the donor and acceptor in close proximity and incorporating two quantum dots with varying emission wavelengths as the acceptor and donor. This optimisation significantly enhanced the Förster resonance efficiency, resulting in a novel method for detecting metallo-β-lactamase. Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency was increased from 31% to 63% by optimising the distance and donor using a quantum dot-quantum dot pair. Our findings showcase a cheap, rapid and versatile aptasensor with potential applications beyond antibiotic resistance, highlighting its adaptability for diverse scenarios.
Influence of different annealing ambient on terbium oxide passivation layers sputtered using the RF sputtering on silicon substrate
Authors: Sifawa Abubakar A , Mohammad Sabah M , Muhammad A , Abed Shireen Mohammed , Lim Way Foong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the influence of different annealing ambient on terbium oxide (Tb4O7) passivation layers sputtered using radio frequency (RF) sputtering on silicon (Si) substrates. The passivation layers were subjected to annealing in various ambient, including oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), argon (Ar), and nitrogen-oxygen-nitrogen (NON). The structural, morphological, compositional, topological, and optical properties of the passivation layers were characterized using various techniques. The obtained results indicate that the annealing ambient has a significant impact on the properties of Tb4O7 passivation layers. Annealing in Ar ambient leads to the formation of Tb4O7 with improved crystallinity close to 49.75 nm and higher surface roughness at (2.32 nm). In contrast, annealing in the O2 ambient results in broad GIXRD peaks with the lowest surface roughness around (1.34 nm). Notably, annealing in N2 ambient exhibits an intermediate behavior, with partial crystallized size values (31.80 nm) compared to the Tb4O7 passivation layer annealed in Ar ambient and moderate surface roughness. The optical bandgap (Eg) was estimated by applying the Kubelka–Munk (KM) approach and the obtained values were 3.28, 3.17, 2.37, and 2.27 eV for annealed in O2, N2, Ar, and NON ambients, respectively. The investigation of Tb4O7 as a passivation material expands the range of materials available for semiconductor device fabrication, offering potential advancements in optoelectronics applications. Therefore, the significance of this study lies in its contribution to the optimization of Tb4O7 passivation layers in the field of semiconductor device technology. Hence, the sample annealed in an Ar ambient demonstrated the best results in terms of structural, morphological, compositional, topological, and optical properties of Tb4O7 passivation layers as compared to other samples.
Design of GaAs microcavity on SiN waveguide for efficient single-photon generation by resonant excitation
Authors: Pholsen Natthajuks , Ota Yasutomo , Iwamoto Satoshi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Silicon nitride (SiN) photonic circuits are attracting significant interest as a platform for photonic quantum information processing. Integration of deterministic single photon sources (SPSs) is required for large-scale single-photon-based quantum applications. InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) have been demonstrated to be state-of-the-art deterministic SPSs under resonant excitation. However, InAs/GaAs QD SPSs integrated on chip often suffer from unwanted crosstalk from scattering of resonant excitation laser. Moreover, the mismatch in refractive indices of SiN and GaAs impedes efficient coupling of single photons into the photonic circuit. In this work, we design a GaAs photonic crystal (PhC) nanobeam cavity with an embedded QD on top of a SiN waveguide in SiO2 that can suppress crosstalk from resonant excitation and realize high coupling efficiency at the same time. The crosstalk is reduced by employing a carefully designed nanobeam cavity that removes complex structures around the excitation spot. The high coupling efficiency is achieved with a weak hybridized mirror formed by proximity of GaAs PhC nanobeam and SiN waveguide that makes the cavity and helps transferring photons into the waveguide. This enables more than 90% coupling efficiency. The designed device is expected to be a bright source of indistinguishable photons.
Milton and the Performing Arts
Authors: Campbell Gordon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Milton’s engagement with the performing arts was centred on three of those arts: drama, music, and the performance of literature. As a young man he was interested in theatre, both in London’s playhouses and in private venues. He had a lifelong passion for music, both as performer and listener. The most notable instances of his enthusiasm for the performance of literature are his youthful prolusions and his recitations in the Italian academies to which he was admitted. This chapter will trace the contours of Milton’s evolving tastes in these three areas, and their refractions in his poetry and prose.
‘There you shall enjoy your friends again’
Authors: Owens W R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the second part of The Pilgrim’s Progress (1684), Bunyan includes a conversation between Great-heart and Mr Valiant-for-Truth about whether pilgrims would meet their friends in heaven. It is not the first time that Bunyan describes heaven as a place of social interaction as well as of eternal worship of God. This chapter argues that Bunyan’s concept of heaven is very much in line with earlier Puritan discussions of the nature of heaven, which had come to stress that we would recognize and be reunited with friends and family members there. One of the most influential Puritan treatments was Richard Baxter’s The Saints Everlasting Rest, in which Baxter writes with emotion of his expectation that he will meet earthly friends again in heaven. The endings of both parts of The Pilgrim’s Progress present an equally stirring depiction of heaven as a place of human fellowship, where pilgrims ‘will enjoy their friends again’.
Richard Baxter and International Protestantism
Authors: Smith Nigel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Richard Baxter and his writings are usually considered in an insular context, limited very much to England, especially by scholarship in the English-speaking world. Baxter encouraged this view by stating his incompetence in European vernaculars, especially French, and his disapproval of several kinds of continental thought, especially the radical reformers, aspects of Grotian theology and Cartesian and Spinozian rationalism and materialism. However, this essay shows that Baxter was greatly admired in many parts of Protestant Europe and that several of his writings were widely available in editions, principally in German and Dutch translations, with consequences for the nature of continental prose writing. He was popular with some early Pietists, and his writings were regarded as highly effective means of arousing and sustaining faith, even when some disagreed with his soteriology.
Outrage and Empathy
Authors: Finkel Stuart 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter marks the emergence from the mid-1870s of significant informal political prisoner aid groupings in St. Petersburg and elsewhere, which mirrored the flourishing and then repression of revolutionary populism. It highlights how the humanitarianist “Red Cross fervor” during the Balkan and Russo-Turkish conflicts was provocatively appropriated by radical women organizing to help arrested comrades. As arrests of young populists crescendoed in the late 1870s, the educated public expressed increasing sympathy. Liberal newspapers used the short-lived glasnost’ of Count Loris-Melikov’s “Dictatorship of the Heart” in 1880–81 to expose and criticize conditions of political exile in the European north and Siberia, sometimes printing extended correspondence from exiles in various locations. For a time in late 1880 to early 1881, the prominent daily Golos (The Voice) even accepted donations on behalf of recently released exiles still under police surveillance. All of this, however, came to an immediate halt with the assassination of Tsar Alexander II in March 1881, forcing assistance to political exiles and prisoners and even expressions of concern for them to go back underground.
Political Philanthropy Goes Abroad
Authors: Finkel Stuart 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Part III of the book looks at the development of aid organization abroad over the same period. Chapter 5 begins by examining the ways in which both established émigrés like Pëtr Lavrov and recently arrived revolutionary “celebrities” in the late 1870s were able to draw Western attention to the Russian radical movement and to the desperate fate of their arrested comrades. In 1880 detailed blueprints for an “Amelioration Committee” for prisoners and exiles were developed by Vera Zasulich and Lev Gartman, whose fantastically ambitious plans for a British-funded émigré press organ along with this Committee went unrealized. The following year, however, when Zasulich and Lavrov were approached by the Moscow-based “Red Cross of the People’s Will” (KKNV) to coordinate a “foreign branch,” they were ready to do so, even though neither was a member of People’s Will itself. The chapter then documents how, with the help of other prominent émigrés, they quickly drafted a charter, donation forms, and an appeal, which appeared in French, German, Italian, and English-language newspapers. The effort attracted significant initial attention, with Zasulich leading efforts in Switzerland, Lavrov in France, Pëtr Kropotkin and Nikolai Chaikovskii in Britain, and Anna Kuliscioff in Italy; this attention in turn drew the ire of Russian diplomats, who succeeded in pressuring the French authorities into temporarily expelling Lavrov from the country in February 1882. Although this briefly reinvigorated interest in the cause, his absence, together with the arrest of the Moscow KKNV leadership, soon cast doubt on its sustainability.
Using network pharmacology to discover potential drugs for hypertrophic scars
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Xiu , Yu Qian , Lv Xiaoyan , Li Chen , Wang Lianzhao , Liu Yue , Wang Qian , Yang Zhigang , Fu Xin , Xiao Ran 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Hypertrophic scarring is a disease of abnormal skin fibrosis caused by excessive fibroblast proliferation. Existing drugs have not achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects.

Objectives
To explore the molecular pathogenesis of hypertrophic scars and screen effective drugs for their treatment.

Methods
Existing human hypertrophic scar RNA sequencing data were utilized to search for hypertrophic scar-related gene modules and key genes through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Candidate compounds were screened in a compound library. Potential drugs were screened by molecular docking and verified in human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and a mouse mechanical force hypertrophic scar model.

Results
WGCNA showed that hypertrophic scar-associated gene modules influence focal adhesion, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling pathway and other biologic pathways. Integrin β1 (ITGB1) is the hub protein. Among the candidate compounds obtained by computer virtual screening and molecular docking, crizotinib, sorafenib and SU11274 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts and profibrotic gene expression. Crizotinib had the best effect on hypertrophic scar attenuation in mouse models. At the same time, mouse ITGB1 small interfering RNA can also inhibit mouse scar hyperplasia.

Conclusions
ITGB1 and TGF-β signalling pathways are important for hypertrophic scar formation. Crizotinib could be a potential treatment drug for hypertrophic scars.
Lymphatic spread patterns in young versus elderly patients with stage III colon cancer
Authors: Song Jihyung , Kataoka Kozo , Inoue Manabu , Yamada Takeshi , Shiozawa Manabu , Beppu Naohito , Kuriyama Sho , Suto Takeshi , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Sakura Yusuke , Kanazawa Akiyoshi , Kagawa Hiroyasu , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Ceelen Wim , Ikeda Masataka 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The anatomical pattern of lymph nodes spread differs between young (aged 45 years or younger) and elderly (aged 80 years or older) patients with stage III colon cancer and is poorly investigated.

Methods
Two groups of patients (young and elderly) with stage III colon cancer who underwent upfront extensive (D3) lymphadenectomy at eight Japanese centres between 1998 and 2018 were retrospectively analysed. The primary endpoint was the proportion of positive central lymph nodes. The lymph nodes spreading pattern and its prognostic impact on recurrence-free survival and overall survival in the two groups were also compared.

Results
Two hundred and ten young patients and 348 elderly patients were identified and compared. The total number of lymph nodes harvested and the total number of invaded lymph nodes were significantly higher in younger patients compared with elderly patients (median of 31.5 (3–151) versus 21 (3–116), P &lt; 0.001 and median of 3 (1–21) versus 2 (1–25), P &lt; 0.001 respectively). The proportion of positive central lymph nodes were higher in younger patients than in elderly patients (9.52% (95% c.i. 6.24 to 14.2%) versus 4.59% (95% c.i. 2.84 to 7.31%), P = 0.012). In multivariate models for recurrence-free survival, central lymph nodes invasion were identified as a poor prognostic factor in younger patients (HR 5.21 (95% c.i. 1.76 to 15.39)) but not in elderly patients (HR 1.73 (95% c.i. 0.80 to 3.76)).

Conclusion
Young patients with stage III colon cancer have a higher risk of central lymph nodes invasion, suggesting a more aggressive disease biology. The presence of central lymph nodes invasion are associated with a worse outcome in young patients.
Preoperative use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers and diuretics increases the risk of dehydration after ileostomy formation: population-based cohort study
Authors: de la Motte Louise , Nordenvall Caroline , Martling Anna , Buchli Christian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Readmission rates following ileostomy formation are high. Dehydration and consecutive renal failure are common causes of readmission, potentially pronounced by drugs affecting the homeostasis. The aim of the study was to assess the risk of dehydration after ileostomy formation in patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) or diuretics.

Method
This nationwide population-based cohort study used data derived from the Colorectal Cancer Data Base of several Swedish healthcare registers. The study included all patients operated on with elective anterior resection and temporary ileostomy for rectal cancer clinically staged I–III in Sweden in 2007–2016. Exposure was at least two dispensations of ACEI, ARB or diuretics within 1 year prior to surgery. Outcome was 90-day readmission due to dehydration including acute renal failure.

Results
In total, 3252 patients were included with 1173 (36.1%) exposed to ACEI, ARB or diuretics. The cumulative incidence for 90-day readmission due to dehydration was 29.0% (151 of 520) for exposed versus 13.8% (98 of 712) for unexposed. The proportion of readmissions due to any reason was 44.3% (520 of 1173) for exposed compared to 34.2% (712 of 2079) for unexposed. The incidence rate ratio for readmission due to dehydration was 2.83 (95% c.i. 2.21 to 3.63, P &lt; 0.001). The hazard rate ratio was 2.45 (95% c.i. 1.83 to 3.27, P &lt; 0.001) after adjusting for age, gender and comorbidity.

Conclusion
Medication with ACEI, ARB or diuretics defines a vulnerable patient group with increased risk of readmission due to dehydration after ileostomy formation.