bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of external root resorption during orthodontic treatment in root filled teeth compared with their contralateral teeth with vital pulps
Authors: Llamas‐Carreras J. M. , Amarilla A. , Solano E. , Velasco‐Ortega E. , Rodríguez‐Varo L. , Segura‐Egea J. J. 
Published: April 2010

Llamas‐Carreras JM, Amarilla A, Solano E, Velasco‐Ortega E, Rodríguez‐Varo L, Segura‐Egea JJ.Study of external root resorption during orthodontic treatment in root filled teeth compared with their contralateral teeth with vital pulps.International Endodontic Journal.AbstractAim To determine whether root filled teeth and those with vital pulps exhibit a similar degree of external root resorption (ERR) as a consequence of orthodontic treatment.Methodology The study sample consisted of 77 patients, with a mean age of 32.7 ± 10.7 years, who had one root filled tooth before completion of multiband/bracket orthodontic therapy for at least 1 year. For each patient, digital panoramic radiographs taken before and after orthodontic treatment were used to determine the proportion of external root resorption (PRR), defined as the ratio between the root resorption in the root filled tooth and that in its contralateral tooth with a vital pulp. The student’st‐test,anovaand logistic regression analysis were used to determine statistical significance.Results The mean PRR was 1.00 ± 0.13, indicating that, in the total sample, there were no significant differences in root resorption in the root filled teeth and their contralateral teeth with vital pulps. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that PRR was significantly greater in incisors (P = 0.0014; odds ratio = 6.2885, C.I. 95% = 2.0–19.4), compared to other teeth, and in women (P = 0.0255; odds ratio = 4.2, C.I. 95% = 1.2–14.6), compared to men.Conclusions There was no significant difference in the amount or severity of external root resorption during orthodontic movement between root filled teeth and their contralateral teeth with vital pulps.
Divergence from the growth–survival trade‐off and extreme high growth rates drive patterns of exotic tree invasions in closed‐canopy forests
Authors: Martin Patrick H. , Canham Charles D. , Kobe Richard K. 
Published: April 2010

Summary 1. The study of invasiveness typically emphasizes early successional life‐history traits in exotic plants, which enable the capture of high resources in disturbed environments and rapid growth. A key issue in invasion dynamics is whether such behaviours come at the expense of traits such as low‐light survivorship, which allow species to become more dominant later in succession. 2. We used maximum‐likelihood analysis to compare the growth and survivorship of two exotic trees, Ailanthus altissima and Acer platanoides, with nine dominant native tree species in closed‐canopy forests in Connecticut, USA. Growth was modelled as a function of light and survivorship as a function of recent growth; combining models yielded estimates of light‐dependent mortality. 3. The exotic species had strikingly high growth rates, exceeding all native species at light levels ≥ 10% full sun, and growing 2.6 times faster than the fastest‐growing native species at 80% full sun. At low‐light levels (< 3% full sun), however, growth rates of five native species exceeded both exotics. Exotic species survivorship (as a function of light‐driven growth) was strongly dependent on the degree of shading: at 1% full sun, the annual mortality rate of A. platanoides was 10% and A. altissima was 17%; only two native species had higher mortalities. However, at 5% full sun, A. platanoides’ mortality was < 1%, superior to all but three native species. Mortality of all species dropped to < 1% by 10% full sun, except A. altissima whose mortality remained high at c. 10%. 4. A life‐history trade‐off analysis (based on radial growth, height allometry and low‐light survivorship) shows a nearly linear trade‐off for most species. The native species and Ailanthus follow the common life‐history trade‐off of low‐light survivorship vs. high‐light growth. However, A. platanoides diverges from this trade‐off pattern by combining very high growth rates with moderately high shade tolerance. 5. Simulations with SORTIE‐ND (a forest dynamics model) indicate that poor survivorship of A. altissima will limit it to disturbed sites, whereas A. platanoides’ unusual combination of traits makes it invasive in both disturbed and undisturbed forests. Overall, native shade‐tolerant trees and slow stand dynamics make undisturbed forests highly resistant to invasion by exotic trees that are intolerant of shade. 6. Synthesis. This study showcases the importance of rapid growth in invasive plants, holding even for exotic tree species known to invade established forests. For A. altissima, high growth rates were accompanied by poor low‐light survivorship. A. platanoides departs from the general trade‐off pattern that exists among native species and A. altissima, and consequently it can be highly invasive in closed‐canopy forests.
Career stage and work setting create different barriers for evidence‐based medicine
Authors: Swennen Maartje H.J. , van der Heijden Geert J.M.G. , Blijham Geert H. , Kalkman Cor J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Although many barriers to practising evidence‐based medicine (EBM) are described, it remains poorly understood why clinicians do, and do not, incorporate high‐quality evidence into their routine practice. To date, a comprehensive framework for the classification for barriers to practising EBM is lacking. This qualitative study explored the relationship between differences in career stage and work setting among doctors and their perceived barriers for practising EBM. We also explored an alternative classification of barriers.Methods  Purposive participant sampling reflected three career stages in two different work settings: four registrars, four consultant anaesthetists and four senior anaesthetists from two departments of anaesthesiology, in an academic and a general hospital, in The Netherlands. Perceptions on practising EBM and its barriers were explored in semi‐structured interviews. Using grounded theory approach, we build a framework for the classification of these barriers.Results  In both departments, registrars and consultants demonstrated little sense of urgency to work on their EBM performance; registrars struggled with information overload and hierarchical dependence, and consultants practised confidence‐based medicine. Senior doctors in both departments reported that combining clinical work with leadership tasks made them more reflective, and therefore more susceptible to the reasoning approach inherent within the current approach to EBM. They considered themselves willing and able to apply EBM, and were reported to act accordingly. Differences in setting that complicated practising EBM related to the general hospital. The absence of formal hierarchy among doctors resulted in a lack of medical consensus and an absence of integrated management teams hindered collaboration between doctors and non‐medical managers. We identified 10 conditions that were conducive to the practice of EBM.Conclusions  Both career stage and work setting were associated with perceived barriers to practising EBM. We have included these in our theoretical framework for classification of these barriers.
Contrasting dynamics of water and mineral nutrients in stems shown by stable isotope tracers and cryo‐SIMS
Authors: METZNER RALF , THORPE MICHAEL R. , BREUER UWE , BLÜMLER PETER , SCHURR ULRICH , SCHNEIDER HEIKE U. , SCHROEDER WALTER H. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTLateral exchange of water and nutrients between xylem and surrounding tissues helps to de‐couple uptake from utilization in all parts of a plant. We studied the dynamics of these exchanges, using stable isotope tracers for water (H218O), magnesium (26Mg), potassium (41K) and calcium (44Ca) delivered via a cut stem for various periods to the transpiration stream of bean shoots (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Fardenlosa Shiny). Tracers were subsequently mapped in stem cross‐sections with cryo‐secondary ion mass spectrometry.The water tracer equilibrated within minutes across the entire cross‐section. In contrast, the nutrient tracers showed a very heterogeneous exchange between xylem vessels and the different stem tissues, even after 4 h. Dynamics of nutrients in the tissues revealed a fast and extensive exchange of nutrients in the xylem parenchyma, with, for example, calcium being completely replaced by tracer in less than 5 min. Dilution of potassium tracer during its 30 s transit in xylem sap through the stem showed that potassium concentration was up‐regulated over many hours, to the extent that some of it was probably supplied by phloem recirculation from the shoot.
Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in bronchial asthma
Authors: Detoraki A. , Granata F. , Staibano S. , Rossi F. W. , Marone G. , Genovese A. 
Published: April 2010

To cite this article: Detoraki A, Granata F, Staibano S, Rossi FW, Marone G, Genovese A. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in bronchial asthma. Allergy 2010; 65: 946–958.AbstractNeovascularization plays a prominent role in inflammation and tissue remodeling in several chronic inflammatory disorders. Vessel number and size, vascular surface area and vascular leakage are all increased in biopsies from patients with asthma. High levels of VEGF and other angiogenic factors have been detected in tissues and biological samples of patients with asthma and correlate with disease activity and inversely with airway hyper‐responsiveness. Inflammation in the lung stimulates the growth of new blood vessels and these contribute to the airway obstruction or airway hyper‐responsiveness, or both. Effector cells of inflammation (human lung mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, macrophages, etc.) are major sources of a vast array of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors. Inhaled corticosteroids reduce vascularity and growth factor expression and might modulate bronchial vascular remodeling in asthma. Specific antagonists to VEGF and other angiogenic factors and their receptors might help to control chronic airway inflammation and vascular remodeling and offer a novel approach for the treatment of chronic inflammatory lung disorders.
Abdominal ultrasonography as a new modality for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Tomita Toshihiko , Iijima Hiroko , Kim Yongmin , Oshima Tadayuki , Hori Kazutoshi , Nishiguchi Shuhei , Matsumoto Takayuki , Miwa Hiroto 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Thickening and abnormal architecture of the esophageal wall in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have been reported using endoscopic ultrasonography (US), but whether extracorporeal abdominal US is a useful diagnostic modality has not been investigated.Methods:  Subjects were 37 GERD, 24 non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD) patients and 32 controls who visited our hospital from 2006–2009 and underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and extracorporeal abdominal US. The US operator was unaware of any clinical information and examined the following: (i) thickness (≥5 mm) and (ii) architecture of the esophageal wall; and (iii) presence of reflux. GERD was diagnosed when two or more of these items were positive.Results:  Thickening of the lower esophageal wall in erosive GERD, NERD and controls was 5.7 ± 0.6, 4.4 ± 0.8 and 4.7 ± 0.9 mm, respectively. The thickness in erosive GERD was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that in NERD patients and controls. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of abdominal US diagnosis for erosive GERD and NERD (vs control) was 84.6% (11/13), 25% (6/24), 91.1% (31/34) and 91.1% (31/34), 89.4% (42/47) and 63.8% (37/58), respectively.Conclusion:  Extracorporeal abdominal US could be a new useful modality for diagnosing GERD.
Sofalcone, a gastroprotective drug, promotes gastric ulcer healing following eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori: A randomized controlled comparative trial with cimetidine, an H2‐receptor antagonist
Authors: Higuchi Kazuhide , Watanabe Toshio , Tanigawa Tetsuya , Tominaga Kazunari , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Arakawa Tetsuo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  According to reports in Japanese patients, 1 week of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy alone is not adequate for healing of gastric ulcers; 7–8 weeks of anti‐ulcer therapy are subsequently required. We compared a gastroprotective drug, sofalcone, and an H2‐receptor antagonist, cimetidine, in terms of promoting ulcer healing after 7 weeks of administration following 1 week of eradication therapy.Methods:  Eradication therapy was administered to 64 patients with H. pylori‐positive active gastric ulcer at least 10 mm in diameter, after which 32 patients each received 7 weeks of ulcer treatment with sofalcone (300 mg/day) or cimetidine (800 mg/day).Results:  The H. pylori eradication rate was 81.3% (intention‐to‐treat: ITT) and 81.3% (per protocol: PP) in the sofalcone group, and 62.5% (ITT) and 64.5% (PP) in the cimetidine group. The ulcer healing rate after 8 weeks was 71.9% (ITT) and 71.9% (PP) in the sofalcone group, and 71.9% (ITT) and 71.0% (PP) in the cimetidine group. The rate of a flat pattern of scarred mucosa was 43.5% (ITT) and 43.5% (PP) in the sofalcone group, and 47.8% (ITT) and 50.0% (PP) in the cimetidine group. No significant differences were seen between the two groups in terms of H. pylori eradication rate, ulcer healing rate and flat pattern rate.Conclusion:  Sofalcone promoted gastric ulcer healing during 7 weeks of treatment following 1 week of eradication therapy, and the healing rate was equivalent to that of cimetidine. Symptom disappearance rates were significantly better in the sofalcone group than in the cimetidine group. This may be a useful way of using a gastroprotective drug in the H. pylori era.
Lung metastasectomy in colorectal cancer: Is this surgery effective in prolonging life?
Authors: PRIMROSE John , TREASURE Tom , FIORENTINO Francesca 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTThe commonest context in which pulmonary metastasectomy is performed is for recurrent colorectal cancer. With a more active policy of surveillance among cancer teams, ready access to ever faster CT scans and a willingness to perform further surgery to control recurrent cancer, the practice of pulmonary metastasectomy is increasing. In this pro/con debate the issues are explored. It is recognized by both sides that there is no randomized trial evidence on which to base the practice. The difference of opinion is whether there is sufficient evidence from very many case series of both pulmonary and hepatic metastasectomy on which to base current practice. The surgeon's view is that the weight of evidence from many follow‐up studies is in favour of continuing this practice. The mathematician's view is that case selection could account for nearly all the observed results.
NMDA receptor antagonism in the basolateral but not central amygdala blocks the extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats
Authors: Zimmerman Joshua M. , Maren Stephen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractGlutamate receptors in the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA) are essential for the acquisition, expression and extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats. Recent work has revealed that glutamate receptors in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA) are also involved in the acquisition of conditional fear, but it is not known whether they play a role in fear extinction. Here we examine this issue by infusing glutamate receptor antagonists into the BLA or CEA prior to the extinction of fear to an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) in rats. Infusion of the α‐amino‐3‐hydroxyl‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐propionate (AMPA) receptor antagonist, 2,3‐dihydroxy‐6‐nitro‐7‐sulfamoyl‐benzo[f]quinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (NBQX), into either the CEA or BLA impaired the expression of conditioned freezing to the auditory CS, but did not impair the formation of a long‐term extinction memory to that CS. In contrast, infusion of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, d,l‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoic acid (APV), into the amygdala, spared the expression of fear to the CS during extinction training, but impaired the acquisition of a long‐term extinction memory. Importantly, only APV infusions into the BLA impaired extinction memory. These results reveal that AMPA and NMDA receptors within the amygdala make dissociable contributions to the expression and extinction of conditioned fear, respectively. Moreover, they indicate that NMDA receptor‐dependent processes involved in extinction learning are localized to the BLA. Together with previous work, these results reveal that NMDA receptors in the CEA have a selective role acquisition of fear memory.
THE ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOMATIC MUSCULATURE OF THE TRUNK OF THE AGLOSSAL ANURAN XENOPUS LAEVIS (DAUDIN)
Authors: RYKE P. A. J. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTThe secondary somatic muscles of the trunk develop by means of proliferations from the primary muscles. The dorsal part of the “Urwirbelfortsatz” contains the elements of both the m. obliquus abdominis internus and m. obliquus abd. externus. The m. ileolumbalis of the adult is formed by the fusion of the m. ileolumbalis, pars medialis and pars lateralis. A separate m. coccygeo‐sacralis is present in the young post‐metamorphic stage. A true horizontal myoseptum is absent. A well‐developed m. rectus abdominis superficialis can be distinguished during metamorphosis and even in the young post‐metamorphic stage. The ontogenesis proves the allegedly primitive features concerning the m. rectus abdominis, the m. ileolumbalis and the m. coccygeo‐sacralis to be specializations. Xenopus must be regarded as a very specialized anuran.
The Frog Tongue: II. Histogenesis of Fungiform Papillae in Rana catesbeiana
Authors: Hammerman David L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe histogenesis of fungiform papillae has been studied in two premetamorphic, ten metamorphic and one adult stage of Rana catesbeiana.The gustatory papillae anlagen consist of club‐shaped groups of cells and are first seen just prior to the onset of metamorphosis. The distal portion of the cell group forms the end‐disc or taste bud of the papilla, while the proximal portion of the cell group forms the epithelial walls of the papilla's stalk region. The papillary core is derived from the general corium of the tongue.The end‐disc of a mature fungiform papilla possesses seven distinct forms of epithelial cells, viz.: goblet, rod, forked, fusiform, ciliated columnar, diagonal columnar and cuboidal cells. A nerve‐cushion is present beneath the end‐disc. It consists of a distal homogeneous zone and a basal fibrous portion. The papillary stalk consists of a single layer of unciliated cuboidal and diagonal columnar cells surrounding the papilla's core.Developmental and histological differences are noted when comparing Rana catesbeiana with Rana sylvatica.
A Third Embryo of Myxine: Considerations on Hypophysial Ontogeny and Phylogeny
Authors: Fernholm Bo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA 4.5 cm Myxine embryo is described. The structure of its adenohypophysis suggests that it is derived from a dorsal thickening and proliferation of the nasopharyngcal duct epithelium as a homogeneous mass of cells. This process seems to start medially and proceed laterally. The characteristic lobulated appearance of the adult adenohypophysis is caused by a later invasion of connective tissue. Large areas of the ventral brain surface were found to be richly vascularized. No traces of an endostylar arrangement were observed and the thyroid follicles were distinct.
The Structure of the Mouthparts of Syrphid larvae (Diptera) in Relation to Feeding Habits
Authors: Roberts Michael J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe anatomy of the head is described for three species of syrphid larvae of differing feeding habits and the relation of the structure to the function is shown.The degree of adaptation of both the musculature and the skeletal parts of the cephalopharynx to the type of food which the larva partakes is discussed. The mouthparts are discussed in detail and the probable course by which the complex mandibular lobes of aquatic, filter‐feeding syrphid larvae were evolved, is pointed out.
Mast Cells in the Brain of the Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus Lin.). Distribution and Seasonal Variations
Authors: Krüger Göran 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe distribution and seasonal variations in the numbers of mast cells in the brain of 27 hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus Lin.) were investigated. Mast cells are numerous in thalamus and are mostly found in close proximity to blood vessels. Mast cells are frequently found in pedunculus cerebellaris, and they are always seen in the ependymal cell layer of the 4th ventricle. It was shown that the number of mast cells in thalamus is increased during hibernation and that the brains of females contain more mast cells than those of males. The phsyiological role of the increase in the number of mast cells during hibernation is discussed.
The Function of the Acetylcholinesterase Cells of the Pars distalis of the White‐crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii
Authors: Haase Eberhard , Farner Donald S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWhen testicular growth is induced in photosensitive white‐crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii) by photoperiodic stimulation, there is an accompanying appearance of acetylcholinesterase‐containing cells in the pars distalis. Such cells do not appear in photorefractory birds subjected to long daily photoperiods; gonadal growth does not occur in these. To study further the function of these AChE‐containing cells, the activities of the thyroid gland, the adrenal cortex, and the gonads were inhibited or eliminated in photorefractory birds. No AChE cells appeared with the induction of increased TSH secretion with treatment of propylthiouracil and thiourea. Similarly adrenalectomy, treatment with metyrapone (2‐methyl‐1, 2‐di‐3‐pyridyl‐1‐propanone) as well as castration of photorefractory birds failed to cause the appearance of these cells. On the other hand, castration of photosensitive males and treatment with long days caused the development of AChE cells which, in comparison with the control, non‐castrated photostimulated males, were hyperplastic and hypertrophied. This supports our earlier suggestion that the AChE cells are gonadotropin producing cells.
On Structure and Morphologic Variation of Normal Pore System in Recent Cytherid Ostracoda (Crustacea)
Authors: Omatsola M. E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe examination of some Cytherid (or Cytheracean) ostracodes with the aid of the scanning electron microscope reveals that there is a high degree of variation in the structure and morphology of the normal pore system. The structural and morphologic polymorphism of these normal pores, the taxonomic importance of the variations, and their probable functional morphology are critically examined and discussed.
Studies on the Blood Glucose Level in Channa punctatus (Bloch.)
Authors: Khanna S. S. , Singh Tejendra 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe normal blood glucose level of Channa punctatus undergoes a seasonal change. A post‐spawning hyperglycemia is found during August, September, October and November. Fish kept out of water show increase in blood glucose level upto 24 hours. When returned to water, the asphyxial hyperglycemia subsides after 24 hours. Starvation does not appear to affect the blood glucose in this fish.
Light and Electron Microscope Studies of Some Annelid Setae
Authors: Orrhage Lars 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn account of a light and electron microscope study of the setae of Disoma multisetosum, Pectinaria belgica (Polychaeta sedentaria) and Echiurus echiurus (Echiuroidea) is given. The results are compared with those of previous researchers, and the possibility of using the ultrastructure of the “annelid seta” as a phylogenetic‐systematic instrument is preliminarily discussed.