bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of light scattering from human breast tissue using a custom dual‐optical scanning near‐field optical microscope
Authors: Kyle Jennifer Reiber , Kyle Michael D. , Raghavan Ravi , Budak Gurer , Ozkan Cengiz S. , Ozkan Mihrimah 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a custom scanning near‐field optical microscope (SNOM) that simultaneously collects reflection and transmission near‐field images along with topography. This dual‐optical SNOM uses a bent probe, which allows for axial reflection imaging, accurate surface scanning, and easy identification of topographic artifacts. Using this novel dual‐optical SNOM, we image desiccated and non‐desiccated human breast epithelial tissue. By comparing the simultaneous SNOM images, we isolate the effects of tissue morphology and variations in refractive indices on the forward‐ and back‐scattering of light from the tissue. We find that the reduction in back‐scattering from tissue, relative to the glass slide, is caused by dense packing of the scattering sites in the cytoplasm (morphology) in the desiccated tissue and a thin‐film of water adhering to the glass slide (refractive index) in the non‐desiccated tissue sample. Our work demonstrates the potential of our customized dual‐optical SNOM system for label‐free tissue diagnostics. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Retrieval analysis and in vitro assessment of strength, durability, and distraction of a modular total hip replacement
Authors: Nganbe Michel , Louati Hakim , Khan Usman , Speirs Andrew , Beaulé Paul E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe investigated a commercial Co–Cr‐alloy head—Ti6Al4V alloy neck and Ti6Al4V stem modular total hip replacement. We assessed the distraction forces after in vitro cycling in bovine serum, fatigue durability, fretting corrosion damage, and load bearing capacity of new implants using fatigue‐corrosion, pull‐off, scanning electron microscopy, fatigue and compression investigations. In addition, we studied corrosion, fretting damage, and distraction forces on retrievals. For both retrievals and in vitro test samples, the neck–stem interface required the higher distraction force as compared with the head–neck interface. One of 12 retrievals showed strong fretting corrosion at the neck–stem interface which resulted in a high disassembly force of about 16 kN. For in vitro test samples, the neck–stem pull‐off force initially increased during cycling and showed a maximum value of 5.704 kN at ∼100,000 cycles, which is equivalent to gait cycles performed in approximately 36 days. Overall, assembly force, initial component settling, and interface corrosion primarily determine the force required to distract the modular components. One million cycles fatigue failure of the neck can be expected at a maximum compression load of −6.5 kN. No component failure was observed during quasistatic compression; rather the neck deformed plastically and the ultimate compression load‐bearing capacity was −13 kN. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Does stem preheating have a beneficial effect on PMMA bulk porosity in cemented THA?
Authors: Madrala A. , Nuño N. , Bureau M. N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA), porosity plays a major role in the fatigue failure of bone cement. Stem preheating procedure is known to reduce the stem/cement interfacial porosity. In the literature, no information is available about the effect of such procedure on cement bulk porosity. This study helps to find out if stem preheating can have a beneficial effect on bulk porosity, thus enhancing long‐term bone cement integrity. A simplified experimental model of a stem/cement/bone construct of a cemented THA is designed to reproduce the mechanical boundary conditions of polymerizing cement. Effect of stem preheating and polymethylmethacrylate prechilling and mixing method (hand mixed and vacuum mixed) on cement porosity are investigated. Bulk porosity is analysed within three zones across the cement mantle in terms of pore number, pore area, and mean pore size. The results demonstrate that bulk cement porosity is strongly influenced by stem preheating, cement precooling as well as cement composition and mixing method. Stem preheating procedure displaces the porosity away from stem/cement interface toward bone; consequently reducing the pore area within the zone near the stem and increasing it in the middle and bone/cement zone. The most pronounced beneficial effect of stem preheating before implantation is visible for vacuum mixed procedure as the cement contains few pores of very small size (<100 μm). However, if stem is preheated, cement precooling should be avoided as it could counteract the beneficial effect of reduced porosity inside cement mantle. Published 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Deposition of substituted apatites with anticolonizing properties onto titanium surfaces using a novel blasting process
Authors: O'Sullivan C. , O'Hare P. , O'Leary N. D. , Crean A. M. , Ryan K. , Dobson A. D. W. , O'Neill L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA series of doped apatites have been deposited onto titanium (V) substrates using a novel ambient temperature blasting process. The potential of these deposited doped apatites as non‐colonizing osteoconductive coatings has been evaluated in vitro. XPS, EDX, and gravimetric analysis demonstrated that a high degree of coating incorporation was observed for each material. The modified surfaces were found to produce osteoblast proliferation comparable to, or better than, a hydroxyapatite finish. Promising levels of initial microbial inhibition were observed from the Sr‐ and Ag‐doped surfaces, with the strontium showing prolonged ability to reduce bacteria numbers over a 30‐day period. Ion elution profiles have been characterized and linked to the microbial response and based on the results obtained, mechanisms of kill have been suggested. In this study, the direct contact of coated substrate surfaces with microbes was observed to be a significant contributing factor to the antimicrobial performance and the anticolonizing activity. The silver substituted apatite was observed to out‐perform both the SrA and ZnA in terms of biofilm inhibition. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Ciliary neurotrophic factor‐coated polylactic‐polyglycolic acid chitosan nerve conduit promotes peripheral nerve regeneration in canine tibial nerve defect repair
Authors: Shen Hua , Shen Zun‐Li , Zhang Pei‐Hua , Chen Nan‐Liang , Wang Yong‐Chun , Zhang Zhao‐Feng , Jin Yu‐Qing 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA variety of nerve conduits incorporated with chemical and biological factors have been developed to further stimulate nerve regeneration. Although most of the nerve guides in studies are basically limited to bridge a short gap of nerve defect in rat models, it is vital to evaluate effects of conduits on nerve regeneration over distance greater than 20 mm, or more clinically relevant nerve gap lengths in higher mammals. In this study, a poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) nerve conduit, treated with pulsed plasma and coated with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) as well as chitosan, was used to repair 25‐mm‐long canine tibial nerve defects in eighteen cross‐bred dogs. The canines were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6), a 25‐mm segment of the tibial nerve was removed and replaced by a PLGA/chitosan‐CNTF nerve conduit, PLGA/chitoson conduit and autologous nerve grafts were performed as the control. The results were evaluated by general observation, eletromyogram testing, S‐100 histological immunostaining, and image analysis at 3 months after operation. The histological results demonstrated that the PLGA/chitosan‐CNTF conduits and PLGA/chitosan conduits were capable of leading the damaged axons through the lesioned area. Through the comparation of the three groups, the results in PLGA/chitosan‐CNTF conduits group were better than that of PLGA/chitosan conduits group, while they were similar to autologous nerve grafts group. Therefore, CNTF‐coated PLGA/chitosan nerve conduits could be an alternative artificial nerve conduit for nerve regeneration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Clinical device‐related article surface characterization of explanted endovascular stents: Evidence of in vivo corrosion
Authors: Halwani Dina O. , Anderson Peter G. , Brott Brigitta C. , Anayiotos Andreas S. , Lemons Jack E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLimited information exists regarding the in vivo stability of endovascular stents. Nine excised human vascular segments with implanted stents (n = 16) manufactured from stainless steel, nickel‐titanium, tantalum, and cobalt‐based alloys were analyzed. The stent/tissue components were separated using an established tissue dissolution protocol and control and explanted stents were evaluated by digital optical and electron microscopy. Metallic content in surrounding tissues was measured by mass spectroscopy. Surface alterations, consistent with corrosion mediated by electrochemical and mechanical factors, were observed in 9 of the 16 explanted stents and were absent from control stents. Tissue dissolved from around corroded stents corresponded with a higher metallic content. The effect of these changes in the microtopography of stents on their mechanical properties (fatigue strength and fracture limit) in addition to the potential for released metallic debris contributing to the biological mechanisms of in‐stent restenosis supports the need for further investigations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Simple immersion of filter devices into an urokinase solution prevents fibrin net formation during carotid artery stenting
Authors: Hamada Kazuhide , Matsushima Satoshi , Toma Naoki , Totani Takahiko , Toda Mitsuaki , Ogawa Satoru , Asakura Fumio , Sakaida Hiroshi , Iwata Hiroo , Taki Waro 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSlow‐flow phenomenon is frequently observed during carotid artery stenting (CAS) with a filter embolic protection device. It results in technical difficulties and can lead to adverse neurological events. Flow impairment is thought to be caused by plaque entrapped by the filter and/or blood coagulation on the filter. Characteristics of heparin‐ or urokinase‐treated polyurethanes were analyzed by surface plasmon resonance, and the fibrinolytic activity of the urokinase‐treated filter of Angioguard XP was estimated by the fibrin plate assay. A filter membrane of Angioguard XP protection device was treated with a heparin or urokinase solution. In clinical studies, six and nine patients were treated by CAS using Angioguard XP modified with heparin and urokinase, respectively. Filter membranes were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From in vitro studies, it appeared that urokinase adsorbed and remained on the Angioguard XP filter, and its fibrinolytic activity was demonstrated even after washing with saline; heparin, however, was easily washed out from the surface. From clinical study, some filter pores were obstructed in all six patients in the heparin group and in three patients in the urokinase group. Fibrin net was found on the filter in five of six patients in the heparin group and in one of nine patients in the urokinase group. Treatment of an Angioguard XP filter with a urokinase solution is effective in preventing pore occlusion and may reduce occurrence of the slow‐flow phenomenon. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Cytocompatibility of bio‐inspired silicon carbide ceramics
Authors: López‐Álvarez M. , de Carlos A. , González P. , Serra J. , León B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDue to its good mechanical and biochemical properties and, also, because of its unique interconnected porosity, bio‐inspired silicon carbide (bioSiC) can be considered as a promising material for biomedical applications, including controlled drug delivery devices and tissue engineering scaffolds. This innovative material is produced by molten‐Si infiltration of carbon templates, obtained by controlled pyrolysis of vegetable precursors. The final SiC ceramic presents a porous‐interconnected microstructure that mimics the natural hierarchical structure of bone tissue and allows the internal growth of tissue, as well as favors angiogenesis. In the present work, the in vitro cytocompatibility of the bio‐inspired SiC ceramics obtained, in this case, from the tree sapelli (Entandrophragma cylindricum) was evaluated. The attachment, spreading, cytoskeleton organization, proliferation, and mineralization of the preosteoblastic cell line MC3T3‐E1 were analyzed for up to 28 days of incubation by scanning electron microscopy, interferometric profilometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, MTT assay, as well as red alizarin staining and quantification. Cells seeded onto these ceramics were able to attach, spread, and proliferate properly with the maintenance of the typical preosteoblastic morphology throughout the time of culture. A certain level of mineralization on the surface of the sapelli‐based SiC ceramics is observed. These results demonstrated the cytocompatibility of this porous and hierarchical material. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Fabrication of polyvinyl alcohol/gelatin nanofiber composites and evaluation of their material properties
Authors: Linh Nguyen Thuy Ba , Min Young Ki , Song Ho‐Yeon , Lee Byong‐Taek 
Published: August 2010

AbstractElectrospinning of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gelatin (GE), and a PVA/GE blend was conducted with the aim of fabricating biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering. The process parameters including the concentration of GE in PVA/GE blends, electrical field, and tip‐to‐collector distance (TCD) were investigated. Electrospinning processes were conducted at three different GE concentrations (PVA/GE = 2/8, 6/4, and 8/2), and the voltage and TCD were varied from 18 to 24 kV and 7 to 20 cm, respectively. The average diameter of the electrospun PVA, GE, and PVA/GE blend fibers ranged from 50 to 150 nm. The TCD had significant effects on the average diameter of the PVA/GE nanofiber, while changes in the voltage did not significantly affect the diameter of the PVA/GE nanofiber. The miscibility of the PVA/GE blend fibers was examined by differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction was used to determine the crystallinity of the membrane. Tensile strength was measured to evaluate the physical properties of the membrane. Based on the combined results of this study, the PVA/GE membrane holds great promise for use in tissue engineering applications, especially in bone or drug delivery systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Human bone marrow‐derived stromal cells cultured with a plasma sprayed CaO‐ZrO2‐SiO2 coating
Authors: Yang Fei , Xie Youtao , Li Huiwu , Tang Tingting , Zhang Xiaoling , Gan Yaokai , Zheng Xuebin , Dai Kerong 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe CaO‐ZrO2‐SiO2 (CZS) coating was prepared by plasma‐spraying chemically synthesized CZS powder onto a Ti‐6Al‐4V substrate. This CZS coating has been demonstrated to have good bioactivity, high bonding strength with the substrate and a low degradation rate. However, the effect of CZS coating on the osseointegration of bone‐implant is still unknown. In this study, human bone marrow‐derived stromal cells (hBMSCs) were cultured on CZS coating in vitro, and cell behavior was investigated, with the classical hydroxyapatite (HA) coating as a control. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and immunofluorescence studies showed that the hBMSCs on the CZS coating spread well with organized cytoskeleton structure at 24 h following cell seeding. The MTT assay and the Alamar Blue assay indicated that CZS coating promoted the attachment and proliferation of hBMSCs. The results of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity test and the expression of osteogenic marker genes, such as ALP, collagen I (COLI), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN), demonstrated that the osteoblastic differentiation of hBMSCs was enhanced more by CZS coating than by HA coating. These results suggest that CZS coating possess excellent biological properties and may have potential in biomedical applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Subcritical crack growth behavior of dispersion oxide ceramics
Authors: Kirsten Armin , Begand Sabine , Oberbach Thomas , Telle Rainer , Fischer Horst 
Published: August 2010

AbstractZirconia (Y‐TZP) is used as material for components of implants and prostheses because of its high short‐term strength. The mechanical long‐term reliability, however, is limited for Y‐TZP because of hydrothermal aging effects and a pronounced tendency for subcritical crack growth. The hypothesis of this study was that a substantial amount of alumina in a zirconia matrix can help to significantly suppress subcritical crack growth and thereby improve the mechanical long‐term reliability. The Weibull parameters as well as the parameters of the subcritical crack growth were determined for Alumina, Y‐TZP, and two dispersion ceramics, that is Alumina Toughened Zirconia (ATZ, 20% alumina/80% Y‐TZP), and Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA, 75% alumina/25% Y‐TZP). The long‐term failure probability as a function of service time was predicted for the four ceramics. The parameter n of the subcritical crack growth was approx. 80% higher for ATZ compared to Y‐TZP. In consequence, the estimated lifetime revealed a significant better mechanical long‐term reliability for ATZ. It can be concluded that tailored dispersion oxide ceramics can address the aging problem of monolithic zirconia. This makes ATZ very interesting for components of joint replacement as well as for dental prostheses and implants. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Characteristics and biocompatibility of a biodegradable genipin‐cross‐linked gelatin/β‐tricalcium phosphate reinforced nerve guide conduit
Authors: Yang Yi‐Chin , Shen Chiung‐Chyi , Huang Tsung‐Bin , Chang Shun‐Hsung , Cheng Hsu‐Chen , Liu Bai‐Shuan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTo modulate the mechanical properties of nerve guide conduit for surgical manipulation, this study develops a biodegradable composite containing genipin cross‐linked gelatin annexed with β‐tricalcium phosphate ceramic particles as a nerve guide material. The conduit was dark bluish and round with a rough and compact outer surface compared to the genipin cross‐linked gelatin conduit (without β‐tricalcium phosphate). Water uptake and swelling tests indicate that the conduit noticeably increases the stability in water, and the hydrated conduit does not collapse and stenose. The conduit has a sufficiently high level of mechanical properties to serve as a nerve guide. After subcutaneous implantation on the dorsal side of a rat, the degraded conduit only evokes a mild tissue response, and the formation of a very thin fibrous capsule surrounds the conduit. This paper assesses the effectiveness of the conduit as a guidance channel when we use it to repair a 10 mm gap in the rat's sciatic nerve. The experimental results show no gross inflammatory reactions of the peripheral nerve tissues at the implantation site in either group. In overall gross examination, the diameter of the intratubular and newly formed nerve fibers in the conduits exceeds that of the silicone tubes during the implantation period. The quantitative results indicate the superiority of the conduits over the silicone tubes. This study microscopically observes the nerve regeneration in the tissue section at the middle region of all implanted conduits. Therefore, the histomorphometric assessment demonstrates that the conduit could be a candidate for peripheral nerve repair. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
GPR30 deficiency causes increased bone mass, mineralization, and growth plate proliferative activity in male mice
Authors: Ford Jeffery , Hajibeigi Asghar , Long Michael , Hahner Lisa , Gore Crystal , Hsieh Jer-Tseng , Clegg Deborah , Zerwekh Joseph , Öz Orhan K 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Estrogen regulation of the male skeleton was first clearly demonstrated in patients with aromatase deficiency or a mutation in the ERα gene. Estrogen action on the skeleton is thought to occur mainly through the action of the nuclear receptors ERα and ERβ. Recently, in vitro studies have shown that the G protein–coupled receptor GPR30 is a functional estrogen receptor (ER). GPR30-deficient mouse models have been generated to study the in vivo function of this protein; however, its in vivo role in the male skeleton remains underexplored. We have characterized size, body composition, and bone mass in adult male Gpr30 knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates. Gpr30 KO mice weighed more and had greater nasal-anal length (p &lt; .001). Both lean mass and percent body fat were increased in the KO mice. Femur length was greater in Gpr30 KO mice, as was whole-body, spine, and femoral areal bone mineral density (p &lt; .01). Gpr30 KO mice showed increased trabecular bone volume (p &lt; .01) and cortical thickness (p &lt; .001). Mineralized surface was increased in Gpr30 KO mice (p &lt; .05). Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling showed greater proliferation in the growth plate of Gpr30 KO mice (p &lt; .05). Under osteogenic culture conditions, Gpr30 KO femoral bone marrow cells produced fewer alkaline phosphatase–positive colonies in early differentiating osteoblast cultures but showed increased mineralized nodule deposition in mature osteoblast cultures. Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels were not different. These data suggest that in male mice, GPR30 action contributes to regulation of bone mass, size, and microarchitecture by a mechanism that does not require changes in circulating IGF-1. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cathepsin K inhibitors prevent bone loss in estrogen-deficient rabbits
Authors: Pennypacker Brenda L , Duong Le T , Cusick Tara E , Masarachia Patricia J , Gentile Michael A , Gauthier Jacques-Yves , Black W Cameron , Scott Boyd B , Samadfam Rana , Smith Susan Y , Kimmel Donald B 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Two cathepsin K inhibitors (CatKIs) were compared with alendronate (ALN) for their effects on bone resorption and formation in ovariectomized (OVX) rabbits. The OVX model was validated by demonstrating significant loss (9.8% to 12.8%) in lumbar vertebral bone mineral density (LV BMD) in rabbits at 13-weeks after surgery, which was prevented by estrogen or ALN. A potent CatKI, L-006235 (L-235), dosed at 10 mg/kg per day for 27 weeks, significantly decreased LV BMD loss (p &lt; .01) versus OVX-vehicle control. ALN reduced spine cancellous mineralizing surface by 70%, whereas L-235 had no effect. Similarly, endocortical bone-formation rate and the number of double-labeled Haversian canals in the femoral diaphysis were not affected by L-235. To confirm the sparing effects of CatKI on bone formation, odanacatib (ODN) was dosed in food to achieve steady-state exposures of 4 or 9 µM/day in OVX rabbits for 27 weeks. ODN at both doses prevented LV BMD loss (p &lt; .05 and p &lt; .001, respectively) versus OVX-vehicle control to levels comparable with sham or ALN. ODN also dose-dependently increased BMD at the proximal femur, femoral neck, and trochanter. Similar to L-235, ODN did not reduce bone formation at any bone sites studied. The positive and highly correlative relationship of peak load to bone mineral content in the central femur and spine suggested that ODN treatment preserved normal biomechanical properties of relevant skeletal sites. Although CatKIs had similar efficacy to ALN in preventing bone loss in adult OVX rabbits, this novel class of antiresorptives differs from ALN by sparing bone formation, potentially via uncoupling bone formation from resorption. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.