bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Marker‐Based Procedures for Pyramiding Genes from Multiple Donor Lines: I. Schedule of Crossing between the Donor Lines
Authors: Ishii T. , Yonezawa K. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTRecent exploitation of DNA markers of desirable trait genes facilitates construction of high‐degree, gene‐pyramided lines via assembling markers from multiple donor lines. In such a program, a plant that has all the target markers in a heterozygous state must be produced first. Efficient procedures for that are discussed. When pyramiding the genes onto the genetic background of a particular recipient line, the backcross should be performed separately for each donor before the crossing between the donors. The plants produced through the backcross should be crossed in a schedule with structure and disposition of the plants as symmetric as possible. When four such plants (A, B, C, and D) are produced, for instance, they should be crossed in a schedule like (A × B) × (C × D) in which the number of target markers of A plus B should be as similar as possible to that of C plus D. Ideal‐type schedules in the presence of four to eight donors are presented. A contrastingly different guideline applies when the donors themselves are crossed without the backcross; they should be crossed in a schedule with completely tandem structure in which donors with fewer target markers enter the schedule in earlier stages. The disposition of donors in the schedule should be modified in the presence of linked or redundant markers. Donors should be disposed in a pattern to minimize the occurrence of repulsion linkages. Formulae for the modification under a high redundancy are presented.
Clinical Review of Periorbital Capillary Hemangioma of Infancy
Authors: Jalil Assad , Maino Anna , Bhojwani Rajan , Vose Mark , Ashworth Jane , Lloyd I. C. , Biswas Susmito 
Published: July 2010

Purpose:
To explore the role of intralesional steroid injections (ILSI) and oral steroids in the management of periocular hemangioma of infancy (HOI).

Methods:
In this retrospective study, treatment options studied were observation, ILSI, and oral steroids. All children received adjunctive amblyopia treatment if required. The main indications for treatment were cosmetic, worsening astigmatism, and visual axis obscuration. Success was defined as complete HOI regression before the age of 5 years (cosmetic group), reduction of astigmatism of at least 1 diopter cylinder (DC) (astigmatism group), or no evidence of amblyopia at the last follow-up (visual axis obscuration group).

Results:

Twenty-four of 41 children (58.5%) had amblyopia at presentation. Eighteen children formed the observation group, 17 children received ILSI, and 6 children received oral steroids. Successful outcome was achieved in all except 2 patients in the cosmetic group and 6 of 7 in the visual axis obscuration group. Mean astigmatic correction of all cases was 1.65 ± 1.34 DC before treatment and 0.91 ± 1.17 DC after treatment, the change being statistically significant (
P
< .001).

Conclusion:
Observation appears to be a highly effective strategy if coupled with amblyopia therapy, especially for mild cases. Intralesional and oral steroids appear to be equally effective for lesions requiring treatment, but their exact role cannot be clearly determined in the presence of a spontaneously resolving lesion.
Longitudinal Study of Optic Cup Progression in Children
Authors: Park Hee-Jung , Hampp Christian , Demer Joseph L. 
Published: July 2010

Purpose:
To determine the normative rate of cup-to-disc-ratio (C:D) progression in children and the effect of prematurity and low birth weight on this rate.

Method:
In a single pediatric ophthalmology practice, a single examiner evaluated optic cup size by serial ophthalmoscopy over a minimum of 5 years in 92 patients (184 eyes) without intraocular surgery or optic nerve disease. A cross-sectional analysis of C:D was performed per year of age from 0 to 10 years and linear regression was used to compare C:D progression between preterm and term children and between low versus normal birth weight children.

Results:

Children exhibited progressive optic cupping. In term children, mean C:D increased by 0.0075 per year. Rate of mean C:D progression was double in children born preterm: 0.0160 (
P
= .049, comparison to term) per age-year. A similar, nonsignificant trend is observed when comparing low birth weight to normal children (
P
= .131).

Conclusion:
Prematurity and low birth weight are associated with increased rate of cupping in children. Clinicians should recognize that C:D progression is not a specific sign of glaucoma in children.
Managing semantics in XML vocabularies: an experience in the legal and legislative domain
Authors: Barabucci Gioele , Cervone Luca , Di Iorio Angelo , Palmirani Monica , Peroni Silvio , Vitali Fabio 
Published: July 2010

Akoma Ntoso is an XML vocabulary for legal and legislative documents sponsored by the United Nations, initially for African Countries and subsequently for use in other world countries. The XML documents that represent legal and legislative resources in Akoma Ntoso contain a large quantity of elements and sections with concrete semantic information about the correct description and identification of the resource itself and the legal knowledge it contains. Such information is organized in many distinct conceptual layers, allowing for the contribution of different semantic information according to competencies and role in the workflow of the contributor.
This paper shows how the Akoma Ntoso standard expresses the independent conceptual layers of semantic information, and provides ontological structures on top of them. We also discuss how current Semantic Web technologies could be used on these layers to reason on the underlying legal texts.
As one of the main funding principles of Akoma Ntoso is the long-term preservation of legal documents and of their intended meaning, this paper also shows and justifies some design decisions that have been made in order allow future toolmakers to access the enclosed legal information without having to rely on current technology that may be long forgotten in the future decades.
Asymmmetric Diamino Functionalization of Nanotubes Assisted by BOC Protection and Their Epoxy Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhao Yao , Barrera Enrique V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHomogenous dispersion and strong interfacial bonding are prerequisites for taking full advantage of the mechanical properties of nanotubes in a composite. In order to simultaneously achieve both conditions, a highly efficient and mechanically non‐destructive functionalization of nanotubes is developed. With fluoronanotubes as the precursor, asymmetric diamine molecules, N‐BOC‐1,6‐diaminohexane, are used to replace fluorines on the wall of fluoronanotubes and construct covalent bonding to the surface of the nanotubes. A BOC de‐protection reaction is conducted and the resulting exposed amino groups create strong covalent bonds with the matrix in the course of epoxy ring‐opening etherification and curing chemical reactions. In comparison with the conventional functionalization based on symmetric diamine molecules, the functionalized nanotubes derived from the BOC‐protected diamine molecule are more dispersed within the epoxy matrix. Dynamic mechanical analysis shows that the functionalized nanotubes have better crosslinking with the matrix. The composites reinforced by the nanotubes demonstrate improvement in various mechanical properties. The Young’s Modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and storage modulus of composites loaded with 0.5 wt% functionalized nanotubes are enhanced by 30%, 25%, and 10%, respectively, compared with the neat epoxy. The increase of the glass transition temperature, as much as 10 °C, makes the composites suited for engineering applications under higher temperatures. The new functionalization method allows for an competitive enhancement in the composite performance in use of relatively low cost raw nanotubes at a small loading level. The reinforcement mechanism of the functionalized nanotubes in the epoxy resin is discussed.
Phase behavior and mechanism of formation of protofiber morphology of solution spun poly(acrylonitrile) copolymers in DMF‐water system
Authors: Agrawal Ashwini K. , Jassal Manjeet , Sahoo Anasuya , Garapati Santhosh K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPhase diagrams of a series of copolymers of acrylonitrile (AN) and acrylic acid (AAc) were constructed using linearized cloud point correlation. The miscibility region in the phase diagram was found to increase with the increase in AAc content of the copolymers. For various compositions, χ13 (polymer–water interaction parameter) values were estimated by sorption experiment. As the hydrophilic nature of the polymer increased with the increase in the content of acrylic acid, the χ13 interaction parameter was found to decrease from poly(acrylonitrile) homopolymer to its copolymer with 50 mol % acrylic acid (AA50B). The polymer–solvent interaction parameters (χ23) and composition at the critical points for all the polymers were determined by fitting the theoretical bimodal curves to the experimental cloud point curves using Kenji Kamide equations. The polymer composition at the critical point was found to increase by 400% with increasing AAc content. The polymers were solution spun in DMF‐water coagulation bath at 30°C and their protofiber structures were investigated under scanning electron microscopy. The observed morphological differences in protofibers were explained on the changes brought about in the phase separation behavior of the polymer–solvent–nonsolvent systems. The copolymers with higher acrylic acid content could be solution spun into void free homogeneous fibers even at conditions that produced void‐filled inhomogeneous fibers in poly(acrylonitrile) and its copolymers with lower AAc content. The experiments demonstrate the important role of thermodynamics in deciding the protofiber morphology during coagulation process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis of soluble and thermally stable polyimides from 3,5‐diamino‐N‐(4‐(8‐quinolinoxy) phenyl) aniline and various dianhydrides
Authors: Ghaemy Mousa , Bazzar Maasoomeh 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree novel polyimides (PIs) having pendent 4‐(quinolin‐8‐yloxy) aniline group were prepared by polycondensation of a new diamine with commercially available tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, such as pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and bicyclo[2.2.2]‐oct‐7‐ene‐2,3,5,6‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride. These PIs were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis; they had high yields with inherent viscosities in the range of 0.4–0.5 dl g−1, and exhibited excellent solubility in many organic solvents such as N,N‐dimethyl acetamide, N,N′‐dimethyl formamide, N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl sulfoxide, and pyridine. These PIs exhibited glass transition temperatures (Tg) between 250 and 325° C. Their initial decomposition temperatures (Ti) ranged between 270 and 450°C, and 10% weight loss temperature (T10) up to 500°C with 68% char yield at 600°C under nitrogen atmosphere. Transparent and hard polymer films were obtained via casting from their NMP solutions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms and neural tube defects epidemiology in the Slovak population
Authors: Behunova Jana , Klimcakova Lucia , Zavadilikova Eva , Potocekova Dana , Sykora Pavol , Podracka Ludmila 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDFolate deficiency is a known factor contributing to the formation of neural tube defects (NTDs). Many folate metabolism gene variants have been investigated, but only a few substantial associations have been established, the C677T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene being one of the most significant.METHODSWe determine the MTHFR C677T and A1298C genotypes in 93 Slovak NTD patients and 290 control newborns with respect to sex and ethnicity. Furthermore, we summarize current data on the incidence and types of NTDs in Slovakia.RESULTSThe Slovak population frequencies of T allele and TT genotype of the C677T MTHFR gene polymorphism were 0.25 and 6.9%, respectively; similarly, those of the C allele and CC genotype of the A1298C polymorphism were 0.35 and 13.8%, respectively. No differences between the sexes and within ethnic groups were observed. In NTD patients, genotype analysis of the C677T polymorphism revealed 0.29 and 9.8% for T allele and TT genotype frequencies, respectively (p = 0.26; OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.84–1.81; resp. p = 0.36; OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 0.56–3.52) compared to the controls. The frequencies of C allele and CC genotype of A1298C polymorphism were 0.34 and 6.5%, respectively (p = 0.81; OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.66–1.38; resp. p = 0.06; OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.15–1.09). There were also no sex‐related differences in genotypes distribution in NTD patients.CONCLUSIONSNo significant associations between the C677T and A1298C MTHFR gene polymorphisms and NTDs and no differences between the two main ethnic groups (white‐Caucasians, Roma) were found in Slovakia. The total incidence of NTDs in Slovakia is, according to the official sources, 0.53/1000, and the incidence among liveborn newborns is 0.28/1000. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decongestant use during pregnancy and its association with preterm delivery
Authors: Hernandez Rohini K. , Mitchell Allen A. , Werler Martha M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite the frequent intake of decongestants during pregnancy, only one study to date has evaluated the association of decongestants with preterm delivery, and it identified a reduced risk. We examined this association in more detail.METHODSUsing a population‐based random sample of 3271 Massachusetts live‐born births without major malformations, we categorized decongestant exposure according to timing, frequency of use, route, and indication. Preterm birth was defined as a gestational age of <37 completed weeks. We estimated hazard ratios and examined confounding by indication by examining various strata of women and through multivariate adjustment.RESULTSCompared to nonexposed women, those who took decongestants during the second or third trimester only were less likely to experience preterm delivery (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.21–0.84). This association was observed only for women without preeclampsia.CONCLUSIONSA protective association between decongestant use and preterm delivery has now been observed in two studies; however, the possibility of confounding by underlying condition remains. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic variants in COL2A1, COL11A2, and IRF6 contribute risk to nonsyndromic cleft palate
Authors: Nikopensius Tiit , Jagomägi Triin , Krjutškov Kaarel , Tammekivi Veronika , Saag Mare , Prane Inga , Piekuse Linda , Akota Ilze , Barkane Biruta , Krumina Astrida , Ambrozaitytė Laima , Matulevičienė Aušra , Kučinskienė Zita Aušrelė , Lace Baiba , Kučinskas Vaidutis , Metspalu Andres 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundOrofacial clefts are among the most common birth defects with a strong genetic component. Nonsyndromic cleft palate (NSCP) is a complex malformation determined by the interaction between multiple genes and environmental risk factors.MethodsWe conducted a case‐control association study to investigate the role of 40 candidate genes in predisposition to orofacial clefting. Five hundred ninety‐one haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (tagSNPs) were genotyped in a clefting sample from the Baltic region, composed of 104 patients with nonsyndromic cleft palate and 606 controls from an Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian population.ResultsIn case‐control comparisons, the minor alleles of IRF6 rs17389541 (p = 5.45 × 10−4) and COL2A1 rs1793949 (p = 7.26 × 10−4) were associated with increased risk of NSCP. Multiple haplotypes in COL2A1 and COL11A2 and haplotypes in WNT3, FGFR1, and CLPTM1were associated with NSCP. The strongest associations were found for IRF6 haplotype rs17389541/rs9430018 GT (p = 2.23 × 10−4) and COL2A1 haplotype rs12822608/rs6823 GC (p = 3.68 × 10−4). The strongest epistatic interactions were observed between MSX1 and BMP2, FGF1 and PVRL2, and COL2A1 and FGF2 genes.ConclusionsThis study provides for the first time evidence of the implication of IRF6, COL2A1, and WNT3 in the occurrence of NSCP. It is likely that variation in cartilage collagen II and XI genes, IRF6, and the Wnt and FGF signaling pathway genes contributes susceptibility to nonsyndromic cleft palate in Northeastern European populations. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved process analytical technology for protein a chromatography using predictive principal component analysis tools
Authors: Hou Ying , Jiang Canping , Shukla Abhinav A. , Cramer Steven M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractProtein A chromatography is widely employed for the capture and purification of antibodies and Fc‐fusion proteins. Due to the high cost of protein A resins, there is a significant economic driving force for using these chromatographic materials for a large number of cycles. The maintenance of column performance over the resin lifetime is also a significant concern in large‐scale manufacturing. In this work, several statistical methods are employed to develop a novel principal component analysis (PCA)‐based tool for predicting protein A chromatographic column performance over time. A method is developed to carry out detection of column integrity failures before their occurrence without the need for a separate integrity test. In addition, analysis of various transitions in the chromatograms was also employed to develop PCA‐based models to predict both subtle and general trends in real‐time protein A column yield decay. The developed approach has significant potential for facilitating timely and improved decisions in large‐scale chromatographic operations in line with the process analytical technology (PAT) guidance from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:59–68. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PPARγ inhibits inflammatory reaction in oxidative stress induced human diploid fibloblast
Authors: Lee Young‐Hee , Lee Nan‐Hee , Bhattarai Govinda , Yun Ji‐Soo , Kim Tae‐Il , Jhee Eun‐Chung , Yi Ho‐Keun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe ageing of an inevitable life function is an unavoidable regressive physical process. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor family. PPARγ plays an important role in regulating several metabolic pathways. Recently, PPARγ has been implicated in inflammatory responses and age‐related diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the anti‐inflammatory reaction of PPARγ in an induced ageing progress. The late passage of human diploid fibroblasts (HDF), an in vitro ageing model, reveals the biological index materials of ageing. Aged cells showed decreased PPARγ expression and elevated levels of intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), an inflammatory molecule. To induce the aged cell phenotype, the middle stage of HDF cells (PD31) were induced stress induced premature senescence (SIPS) with 200 µM H2O2 for 2 h. SIPS‐HDF cells showed high levels of ICAM‐1, extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activity and matrix metallomatrix protease (MMP‐2, ‐9) activity, and low levels of PPARγ expression. A reconstitution of SIPS HDF cells with Ad/PPARγ resulted in the downregulation of ICAM‐1, ERK1/2, MMP‐2 and ‐9, and normalized growth of SIPS‐HDF cells. Moreover, PPARγ in aged HDF cells reduced pro‐inflammatory molecules and eliminated the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the ERK1/2 pathway. These results strongly suggest that PPARγ plays a key role in age‐related inflammation and may have clinical applications as a molecular target in the treatment of age‐related inflammation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic and Crystal Structures of BiCrO3.
Authors: Darie C. , Goujon C. , Bacia M. , Klein H. , Toulemonde P. , Bordet P. , Suard E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPolycrystalline samples of the title compound are prepared by solid state reaction of Bi2O3 and Cr2O3 (Au capsule, 2 GPa, 805 °C) and characterized by powder neutron diffraction and magnetic susceptibility measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth of a New Series of Layered Tantalates LnKNaTaO5 (Ln: La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd).
Authors: Roof Irina P. , Smith Mark D. , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSingle crystals of the title compounds are prepared from mixtures of Ln2O3 (Ln: La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd), Ta2O5, and a eutectic mixture of KOH and NaOH (Ag tube, 600 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Observation of 2,7‐Disubstitution in Palladium Catalyzed Directed C—H Activation of Indoles.
Authors: Fanton Guilia , Coles Nicola M. , Cowley Andrew R. , Flemming Jonathan P. , Brown John M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe possibility of palladium‐catalyzed alkenylation in the 7‐position of indoles is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: One Pot Synthesis of Spiro Pyrimidinethiones/Spiro Pyrimidinones, Quinazolinethiones/Quinazolinones, and Pyrimidopyrimidines.
Authors: Gupta Poonam , Gupta Shallu , Sachar Anand , Kour Daljeet , Singh Jasbir , Sharma Rattan L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe three‐component condensation of diketone (I) with aldehydes (III) and urea or thiourea leads either to octahydroquinazolines (IV) or spiro pyrimidine derivatives (V) depending on the amount of aldehyde employed.