bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pitfalls of Using Citation Indices for Making Academic Accounting Promotion, Tenure, Teaching Load, and Merit Pay Decisions
Authors: Reinstein Alan , Hasselback James R. , Riley Mark E. , Sinason David H. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT: With the advent of computerized data searches, the number of accounting programs that use citation analysis to measure faculty members’ research productivity has increased—often believing that this methodology offers relevant or reliable data for tenure, promotion, teaching load, and merit pay decisions. But such “objective” bases often ignore such factors as which journals to count, the effect of co-authorships, and article quality. Reliance on such citations can also cause “uneven playing fields” within the accounting discipline as well as among accounting and other areas or departments within schools of business.
After reviewing the relevant literature, we present the results of a survey asking accomplished authors about the factors that make them more or less likely to cite an article. Since the process of counting citations focuses on quantity issues (as all citations “count” equally regardless of the citation’s importance to the research article and the reasons for making the citation), we examine some quality issues that lead to authors citing others’ research findings. The survey results indicate that, while citations often are based on the quality of the cited work, other factors less indicative of quality, such as authorship by a friend or colleague and publication in a U.S. journal, help to determine which relevant works are cited or not cited. We also suggest other measures to assess research quality to supplement or replace citation counts.
Evaluation of otoacoustic emissions in clinically normal alert puppies
Authors: Schemera Bettina , Blumsack Judith T. , Cellino Alice F. , Quiller Travis D. , Hess Bradley A. , Rynders Patricia E. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measurements in puppies with normal hearing.
Animals—23 clinically normal 7.5-to 10.5-week-old puppies.
Procedures—A cross-sectional study was performed. The DPOAE measurements were obtained with a commercially available distortion product otoacoustic measurement system and were performed in a quiet, non-sound-attenuated room. All measurements were obtained from alert puppies and were repeated 1 or 2 times to ensure that the measurements were replicable. Results that were a minimum of 8 dB higher than the noise floor were accepted. Values from the first trial in which emissions were obtained at all test frequencies were used for analysis.
Results—Otoacoustic emission measurements were easily obtained, robust, reliable, and consistent with auditory brainstem response and behavioral results.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hearing screening in alert puppies can be accomplished reliably and rapidly with otoacoustic emissions testing. Results supported the possibility of the use of DPOAE measurement in hearing screening of dogs.
Evaluation of the in vitro effects of aqueous black walnut extract on equine mononuclear cells
Authors: Hurley David J. , Berghaus Londa J. , Hurley Katherine A. E. , Moore James N. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate effects of black walnut extract (BWE) on equine mononuclear cells and determine whether BWE has direct proinflammatory effects.
Sample—Mononuclear cells separated from blood samples from 8 horses.
Procedures—Aqueous BWE was prepared and processed to eliminate contamination with particulates and microbes. A Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay was used to detect lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contamination in the BWE. Mononuclear cells were incubated in minimal essential medium with or without the addition of 0.6% to 10% (vol/vol) BWE. These mononuclear cells were assessed for viability, activities of caspases 3 and 7, nitric oxide production, procoagulant activity, and tumor necrosis factor-α production. The effect of LPS on cellular responses induced by BWE was assessed by coincubation with 13 U of polymyxin B/mL; mononuclear cells incubated with LPS were used as a reference.
Results—BWE did not cause loss of cell membrane integrity in mononuclear cells but did induce a dose-dependent increase in activities of caspases 3 and 7. Neither BWE nor LPS significantly induced production of nitric oxide. Both BWE and LPS induced comparable amounts of procoagulant activity and tumor necrosis factor-α production; coincubation with polymyxin B reduced the activity for BWE and LPS by 50% and approximately 100%, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Addition of BWE induced inflammatory activation of equine mononuclear cells, a portion of which was independent of the effects of LPS. Furthermore, BWE and LPS may work in concert to induce systemic inflammatory responses that contribute to the development of acute laminitis in horses.
Disposition of gamithromycin in plasma, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid, bronchoalveolar cells, and lung tissue in cattle
Authors: Giguère Steeve , Huang Rose , Malinski Thomas J. , Dorr Paul M. , Tessman Ronald K. , Somerville Bruce A. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine the disposition of gamithromycin in plasma, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells, and lung tissue homogenate in cattle.
Animals—33 healthy Angus calves approximately 7 to 8 months of age.
Procedures—Calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 11 groups consisting of 3 calves each, which differed with respect to sample collection times. In 10 groups, 1 dose of gamithromycin (6 mg/kg) was administered SC in the neck of each calf (0 hours). The remaining 3 calves were not treated. Gamithromycin concentrations in plasma, PELF, lung tissue homogenate, and BAL cells (matrix) were measured at various points by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.
Results—Time to maximum gamithromycin concentration was achieved at 1 hour for plasma, 12 hours for lung tissue, and 24 hours for PELF and BAL cells. Maximum gamithromycin concentration was 27.8 μg/g, 17.8 μg/mL, 4.61 μg/mL, and 0.433 μg/mL in lung tissue, BAL cells, PELF, and plasma, respectively. Terminal half-life was longer in BAL cells (125.0 hours) than in lung tissue (93.0 hours), plasma (62.0 hours), and PELF (50.6 hours). The ratio of matrix to plasma concentrations ranged between 4.7 and 127 for PELF, 16 and 650 for lung tissue, and 3.2 and 2,135 for BAL cells.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Gamithromycin was rapidly absorbed after SC administration. Potentially therapeutic concentrations were achieved in PELF, BAL cells, and lung tissue within 30 minutes after administration and persisted for 7 (PELF) to > 15 (BAL cells and lung tissue) days after administration of a single dose.
Evaluation of triphasic helical computed tomography of the kidneys in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Lee Sungok , Jung Joohyun , Chang Jinhwa , Yoon Junghee , Choi Mincheol 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine computed tomography (CT) delay times by use of a sequential scan and identify the normal enhancement pattern in each phase of a triphasic CT scan of the kidneys in dogs.
Animals—14 healthy Beagles.
Procedures—A sequential CT scan was used for investigating delay time, and a triphasic helical CT scan was used for identifying the normal enhancement pattern and determining Hounsfield unit values in the kidneys of dogs.
Results—In the cine scan (single-slice dynamic scan), the optimal delay times were 10 seconds in the corticomedullary phase and 44 seconds in the nephrographic phase, after contrast medium injection. By use of triphasic CT images, Hounsfield unit values were acquired in each phase.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Triphasic CT of the kidneys in clinically normal dogs was established by acquisition of delay times in a cine scan and may become an important imaging modality in the diagnosis of renal diseases and in treatment planning in dogs.
Evaluation of beta-cell sensitivity to glucose and first-phase insulin secretion in obese dogs
Authors: Verkest Kurt R. , Fleeman Linda M. , Rand Jacquie S. , Morton John M. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare beta-cell sensitivity to glucose, first-phase insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance between dogs with naturally occurring obesity of > 2 years' duration and lean dogs.
Animals—17 client-owned obese or lean dogs.
Procedures—Frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance tests were performed with minimal model analysis on 6 obese dogs and matched controls. Glucagon stimulation tests were performed on 5 obese dogs and matched controls.
Results—Obese dogs were half as sensitive to the effects of insulin as lean dogs. Plasma glucose concentrations after food withholding did not differ significantly between groups; plasma insulin concentrations were 3 to 4 times as great in obese as in lean dogs. Obese dogs had plasma insulin concentrations twice those of lean dogs after administration of glucose and 4 times as great after administration of glucagon. First-phase insulin secretion was greater in obese dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Obese dogs compensated for obesity-induced insulin resistance by secreting more insulin. First-phase insulin secretion and beta-cell glucose sensitivity were not lost despite years of obesity-induced insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. These findings help explain why dogs, unlike cats and humans, have not been documented to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Relationships of hip joint volume ratios with degrees of joint laxity and degenerative disease from youth to maturity in a canine population predisposed to hip joint osteoarthritis
Authors: D'Amico Laura L. , Xie Lin , Abell Lindsey K. , Brown Katherine T. , Lopez Mandi J. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Objective—To assess relationships of acetabular volume (AV), femoral head volume (FV), and portion of the femoral head within in the acetabulum (FVIA) with each other and with degrees of hip joint laxity and degenerative joint disease from youth to maturity in dogs predisposed to developing hip joint osteoarthritis (OA).
Animals—46 mixed-breed half- or full-sibling hound-type dogs.
Procedures—The distraction index (DI), AV, FV, FVIA, and degree of osteoarthritis (OA score) were quantified in 1 hip joint at 16, 32, and 104 weeks of age. Relationships among variables were evaluated within and between ages. Ratios corresponding to OA scores were compared within ages. Differences among 16-week ratios corresponding to 32-week OA scores and among 16- and 32-week ratios corresponding to 104-week OA scores were evaluated.
Results—Significant positive relationships existed between FV and AV across ages as well as between FVIA/FV and FVIA/AV and between DI and OA score across and within most ages. Such relationships also existed within these variables across most ages. Negative relationships of DI and OA scores with FVIA/FV and FVIA/AV within and among all ages were significant. Sixteen-week AVs, FVs, and FVIAs were greater and FV/AVs and OA scores were less than 32- and 104-week values. The 32-week FVIA/FV was less than 16- and 104-week values, and the 32-week FVIA/AV was less than the 104-week value. The FVIA/FV and FVIA/AV were lower and the DI was higher with higher OA scores within and among most ages.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Structural volumes in lax canine hip joints changed predictably relative to each other during growth, despite degenerative changes. Measures developed in this study may augment current diagnosis and treatment strategies for hip dysplasia in dogs.
Investigation of the use of three electroencephalographic electrodes for long-term electroencephalographic recording in awake and sedated dogs
Authors: James Fiona M. K. , Allen Dana G. , Bersenas Alexa M. E. , Grovum W. Larry , Kerr Carolyn L. , Monteith Gabrielle , Parent Joane M. , Poma Roberto 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare electroencephalography (EEG) artifact associated with use of the subdermal wire electrode (SWE), gold cup electrode (GCE), and subdermal needle electrode (SNE) over an 8-hour period in sedated and awake dogs.
Animals—6 healthy dogs.
Procedures—8 EEG channels were recorded during 20-minute video-EEG recording sessions (intermittently at 0.5, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours) with and without chlorpromazine sedation. Nonphysiologic artifacts were identified. Duration of artifact was summed for each channel. Number of unaffected channels (NUC) was determined.
Results—NUC was significantly affected by electrode type and sedation over time; median for SWE (2.80 channels; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 5.70 channels) was significantly different from medians for GCE (7.87 channels; 95% CI, 7.44 to 7.94 channels) and SNE (7.60 channels; 95% CI, 6.61 to 7.89 channels). After 4 hours, NUC decreased in awake dogs, regardless of electrode type. In awake dogs, duration of artifact differed significantly between SWE and GCE or SNE; medians at 8 hours were 61.55 seconds (95% CI, 21.81 to 173.65 seconds), 1.33 seconds (95% CI, 0.47 to 3.75 seconds), and 21.01 seconds (95% CI, 6.85 to 64.42 seconds), respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The SWE had a significant duration of artifact during recording periods > 2 hours, compared with results for the GCE and SNE, in awake dogs. The GCE, SNE, and sedation resulted in significantly more channels unaffected by artifact. For longer recordings, caution should be exercised in selecting EEG electrodes and sedation state, although differences among electrodes may not be clinically relevant.
Tear, cornea, and aqueous humor concentrations of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin after topical ocular application in ophthalmologically normal horses
Authors: Westermeyer Hans D. , Hendrix Diane V. H. , Ward Daniel A. , Cox Sherry K. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine ocular tissue drug concentrations after topical ocular administration of 0.3% ciprofloxacin and 0.5% moxifloxacin in ophthalmologically normal horses.
Animals—24 ophthalmologically normal adult horses.
Procedures—0.3% ciprofloxacin and 0.5% moxifloxacin solutions (0.1 mL) were applied to the ventral conjunctival fornix of 1 eye in each horse as follows: group 1 (n = 8) at 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours; group 2 (8) at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 10 hours; and group 3 (8) at 0, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 14 hours. Tears, cornea, and aqueous humor (AH) were collected at 8, 14, and 18 hours for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Drug concentrations were determined via high-performance liquid chromatography.
Results—Median (25th to 75th percentile) concentrations of ciprofloxacin for groups 1, 2, and 3 in tears (μg/mL) were 53.7 (25.5 to 88.8), 48.5 (19.7 to 74.7), and 24.4 (15.4 to 67.1), respectively; in corneal tissue (μg/g) were 0.95 (0.60 to 1.02), 0.37 (0.32 to 0.47), and 0.48 (0.34 to 0.95), respectively; and in AH were lower than the limit of quantification in all groups. Concentrations of moxifloxacin for groups 1, 2, and 3 in tears (μg/mL) were 188.7 (44.5 to 669.2), 107.4 (41.7 to 296.5), and 178.1 (70.1 to 400.6), respectively; in corneal tissue (μg/g) were 1.84 (1.44 to 2.11), 0.78 (0.55 to 0.98), and 0.77 (0.65 to 0.97), respectively; and in AH (μg/mL) were 0.06 (0.04 to 0.08), 0.03 (0.02 to 0.05), and 0.02 (0.01 to 0.04), respectively. Corneal moxifloxacin concentrations were significantly higher in group 1 than groups 2 and 3.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—After topical ocular administration, fluoroquinolones can reach therapeutic concentrations in tears and corneal tissue of horses, even when there is an intact epithelium.
Evaluation of the secretory response to endogenous and exogenous prostaglandins in mucosa from the proximal and distal portions of the colon of dogs
Authors: Omori Mayuko , Hill Richard C. , Scott Karen C. , Lester Guy D. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare secretory responses to prostaglandin (PG) E2 in mucosa obtained from the proximal and distal portions of the colon of dogs.
Sample—Colonic mucosa from cadavers of 18 clinically normal adult dogs.
Procedures—Short-circuit current (ISC) and maximum change in ISC (ΔIsc) in response to administration of 1μM PGE2 were measured across mucosa obtained from the proximal and distal portions of the colon. Responses were evaluated in mucosa (n = 6 dogs) incubated in Ussing chambers with or without 1 mM amiloride or without chloride in the Ringer's bathing solution. Responses were also evaluated in mucosa (n = 9 dogs) incubated with or without pretreatment with 1 μM indomethacin, with or without amiloride in the subsequent bathing solution. Histologic changes in mucosa from 3 dogs were assessed over time.
Results—ISC and ΔISC were significantly reduced when chloride was removed from, but not when amiloride was added to, the bathing solution and were significantly reduced after pretreatment with indomethacin. The ΔISC was significantly greater in mucosa from the distal portion of the colon than in the proximal portion of the colon. Histologic changes after incubation for 3 hours were minimal.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—ISC and ΔISC resulted from electrogenic chloride secretion. Chloride secretion was reduced when release of PGs was prevented by indomethacin and was induced by administration of PGE2. Chloride secretion in response to PGE2 was greater in mucosa from the distal portion of the colon than in mucosa from the proximal portion of the colon.
Radiographic quantitative assessment of cranial tibial subluxation before and after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs
Authors: Kim Stanley E. , Lewis Daniel D. , Pozzi Antonio , Seibert Rachel L. , Winter Matthew D. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine the influence of stifle joint flexion angle, cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) integrity, tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO), and cranial tibial subluxation on the distance between the location of the origin and insertion of the CrCL (CrCLd) in dogs.
Samples—4 pairs of pelvic limbs from adult dog cadavers weighing 23 to 34 kg.
Procedures—Mediolateral projection radiographs of each stifle joint were obtained with the joint flexed at 90°, 105°, 120°, 135°, and 150°. Radiopaque markers were then placed at the sites of origin and insertion of the CrCL. Afterward, radiography was repeated in the same manner, before and after CrCL transection, with and without TPLO. Following CrCL transection, radiographs were obtained before and after inducing overt cranial tibial subluxation. Interobserver variation in measuring the CrCLd without fiduciary markers was assessed. The effect of CrCL integrity, cranial tibial subluxation, flexion angle, and TPLO on CrCLd was also determined.
Results—Interobserver agreement was strong, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.859. The CrCLd was significantly shorter (< 1 mm) at 90° of flexion; otherwise, flexion angle had no effect on CrCLd. Cranial tibial subluxation caused a 25% to 40% increase in CrCLd. No effect of TPLO on CrCLd was found, regardless of CrCL integrity, forced stifle joint subluxation, or flexion angle.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Overt cranial tibial subluxation in CrCL-deficient stifle joints can be detected on mediolateral projection radiographs by comparing CrCLd on neutral and stressed joint radiographs at joint angles between 105° and 150°, regardless of whether a TPLO has been performed.
Spinal cord nephroblastoma in dogs: 11 cases (1985–2007)
Authors: Brewer David M. , Cerda-Gonzalez Sofia , Dewey Curtis W. , Diep Anh N. , Van Horne Kristin , McDonough Sean P. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate clinical features and outcome of dogs with a confirmed spinal cord nephroblastoma and to describe the use of Wilms tumor-1 (WT-1) immunohistochemical staining to confirm a diagnosis of nephroblastoma in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—11 dogs with a spinal cord nephroblastoma.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs with a spinal cord nephroblastoma were reviewed. Information extracted included signalment, history, clinical signs, results of diagnostic testing, tumor location, treatment, and outcome. The diagnosis was confirmed through histologic review and WT-1 immunohistochemical staining of a tumor sample. In dogs with negative results for staining with WT-1, staining for cytokeratin, vimentin, and glial fibrillar acidic protein was performed.
Results—11 dogs had a spinal cord tumor with a histologic appearance and immunohistochemical staining consistent with a nephroblastoma. Positive results for staining with WT-1 were detected in 9 of 11 dogs. Age at admission ranged from 5 to 48 months (median, 14 months). Nine dogs were female. All had progressive paraparesis, paraplegia, or ataxia. Duration of clinical signs ranged from 2 to 60 days (median, 14 days). Median survival time was 30 days from the time of diagnosis. Median survival time in dogs treated via surgical resection was 70.5 days.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The prognosis for dogs with a spinal cord nephroblastoma appeared to be poor, although combined surgical resection and radiation therapy may provide a good functional outcome. Results for staining with WT-1 can be used to support a diagnosis of nephroblastoma.
Diagnosis of intraocular lymphosarcoma in a dog by use of a polymerase chain reaction assay for antigen receptor rearrangement
Authors: Pate Diana O. , Gilger Brian C. , Suter Steven E. , Clode Alison B. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Case Description—A 12-year-old castrated male mixed-breed dog was evaluated because of blepharospasm and blindness affecting both eyes.
Clinical Findings—During examination and diagnostic testing of the dog, fine-needle aspirates of splenic nodules were examined microscopically and stage Vb multicentric large-cell lymphosarcoma was identified. Aqueocentesis was performed, and sample analysis revealed intraocular lymphosarcoma; B-cell neoplasia was confirmed by use of a PCR assay for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) performed on samples of aqueous humor. Secondary uveitis and glaucoma were detected bilaterally in addition to chronic superficial corneal ulcerations in the left eye.
Treatment and Outcome—Treatment for abdominal and intraocular lymphosarcoma involving administration of vincristine, l-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone was initiated. Secondary uveitis and glaucoma were controlled with topical treatment; however, the corneal ulceration did not resolve. Seven weeks following diagnosis, the dog died as a result of complications related to systemic neoplasia and chemotherapy.
Clinical Relevance—In the dog of this report, intraocular lymphosarcoma was diagnosed via PARR performed on samples of aqueous humor. Moreover, the immunophenotype of the neoplastic cells was determined by use of that diagnostic technique. Because secondary uveitis is a common finding in dogs and cats with systemic lymphosarcoma, intraocular lymphosarcoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis; furthermore, investigation (eg, PARR performed on aqueous humor samples) to identify the presence of intraocular lymphosarcoma is warranted, thereby allowing targeted interventions to be considered in management of those patients.