bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsurgical nerve root decompression in scoliotic lumbar spines—the relationship between important anatomical structures in correlation to imaging and implications for daily practice: anatomic cadaveric study
Authors: Ali Amar , Baraliakos Xenofon , Kanawati Bilal , Boudelal Redouane , Teske Wolfram , Kraemer Juergen , Theodoridis Theodoros 
Published: July 2010

Object
In a retrospective study in cadavers, the authors investigated the anatomical parameters between the convex and concave side in lumbar scoliosis for microsurgical discectomy and the decompression of spinal stenosis.
Microsurgical intervention is the gold standard for lumbar herniotomy or the decompression of the spinal stenosis. However, the risk for complications during these procedures is higher due to the anatomical variations caused by the scoliosis.

Methods
In 4 adult cadaveric scoliotic lumbar spines, the authors studied the anatomical relationship between important structures for performance of microsurgical discectomy or decompression, such as the dural sac, spinal nerve roots, and adjacent anatomical structures. They measured the following distances and compared these findings with those acquired using conventional radiographs in daily practice: nerve root outlet–ganglion center, nerve shoulder–superior disc, nerve shoulder–pedicle, nerve axilla–pedicle, nerve axilla–lower pedicle, ganglion center–pedicle, ganglion center–lower pedicle, and nerve root angle.

Results
The mean distance of nerve root outlet–ganglion center, nerve shoulder–superior disc, nerve shoulder–pedicle, nerve axilla–pedicle, and ganglion center–pedicle was significantly different between the convex and concave side (all p < 0.05), in contrast to the results of nerve axilla–lower pedicle and ganglion center–lower pedicle, which both related to the pedicle of the lower segment (difference not significant).

Conclusions
For the first time, information on the anatomical variations between convex and concave sides in scoliotic lumbar spines is described, supported by comparisons with radiographic examinations. These results confirm a topographic anatomical discrepancy. This knowledge can be used in daily perioperative practice for patients undergoing microsurgical decompression.
Posterior decompression with kyphosis correction for thoracic myelopathy due to ossification of the ligamentum flavum and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament at the same level
Authors: Zhang Hong-Qi , Chen Ling-Qiang , Liu Shao-Hua , Zhao Di , Guo Chao-Feng 
Published: July 2010

ObjectThe object of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of posterior decompression with kyphosis correction for thoracic myelopathy due to ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) at the same level.MethodsBetween January 2003 and December 2005, 11 patients (8 men and 3 women) with thoracic myelopathy due to OLF and OPLL at the same level underwent posterior decompressive laminectomy and excision of OLF. Posterior instrumentation was also performed for stabilization of the spine and reducing the thoracic kyphosis angle by approximately 5–15° (kyphosis correction), and spinal fusion was performed in all cases. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 4 years (mean 2.8 years). The outcomes were evaluated using a recovery scale based on the Japanese Orthopaedic Association classification. The score of each patient was calculated before surgery, 1 year after surgery, and at the final follow-up visit.ResultsAfter surgery, the thoracic kyphosis in the stabilization area was reduced from 30.0 ± 4.02° to 20.8 ± 2.14° on average. The mean score on the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale improved from 3.5 ± 1.69 preoperatively to 8.5 ± 1.63 at the final follow-up, with a recovery rate of 68.0%. The results were good in 9 patients and fair in 2 patients. Postoperative MR imaging showed that the spinal cord was shifted posteriorly and decompressed completely in all cases. Myelopathy was not aggravated in any case after surgery.ConclusionsA considerable degree of neurological recovery was observed after posterior decompression and kyphosis correction. The procedure is easy to perform with a low risk of postoperative paralysis. The authors therefore suggest that the procedure is useful for patients whose spinal cords are severely impinged by OLF and OPLL at the same level.
Interspinous ligamentoplasty in the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis: midterm clinical results
Authors: Hong Soon-Woo , Lee Ho-Yeon , Kim Kyeong Hwan , Lee Sang-Ho 
Published: July 2010

ObjectPseudarthrosis and adjacent-segment degeneration remain problems after fusion surgery. To overcome these complications, many dynamic stabilization methods have been developed. This study was conducted to elucidate the midterm results on the effectiveness of interspinous ligamentoplasty (ILP) to treat degenerative spondylolisthesis.MethodsThirty-two consecutive surgeries involving decompression and ILP were performed by 2 surgeons at the authors' institution during 2001 and 2002. Nine patients were excluded from the study because of inadequate follow-up or radiological data, leaving a study population of 23 patients with a mean duration of follow-up of 64.6 months (range 60–77). All the patients had symptomatic spinal stenosis and Grade 1 spondylolisthesis at L4–5 level without foraminal stenosis and deformity. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Radiological measurements included segmental lordosis, total lumbar lordosis, posterior disc height, anterior slippage, angular motion, translational motion, and facet degeneration grade. Eighteen patients who had undergone bilateral laminotomy alone were included as a Control Group.ResultsTwenty-two of the 23 patients who underwent ILP returned to their active daily lives. Symptomatic instability was less common in the ILP Group than in the Control Group (4.3% vs 27.8%). The mean postoperative VAS leg scores, VAS back scores, and ODI scores at final follow-up were significantly improved in both groups, in comparison to preoperative scores; however, the mean difference in ODI scores was significantly greater in the ILP group (29.3% vs 16.6%, p = 0.049). In radiological analysis, segmental and total lordoses were significantly increased in the ILP Group. In both groups slippage increased, disc height decreased, and angular motion was maintained, but translational motion decreased with statistical significance in the ILP Group, whereas it increased in the Control Group. Radiological instability was observed in 3 patients in the ILP Group, and 9 in the Control Group (significant between-groups difference, p = 0.016).ConclusionsInterspinous ligamentoplasty is a good option treating patients with Grade 1 degenerative spondylolisthesis requiring surgery. It is less invasive and effectively stabilizes the unstable spine with a relatively small incidence of postoperative instability. Interspinous ligamentoplasty provides satisfactory clinical and radiological results at midterm follow-up.
Prevention of secondary ischemic events by superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery bypass surgery after tuberculosis-induced vasculopathy in a 5-year-old child
Authors: Misch Martin , Thomale Ulrich-Wilhelm , Keitzer Rolf , Vajkoczy Peter 
Published: July 2010

Tuberculosis-related vasculopathy and resulting ischemic events are a common finding after tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in children. The authors report on a case of recurring ischemic episodes that were refractory to repetitive endovascular procedures (transluminal angioplasty, stent insertion, in-stent vessel dilation). After failure of endovascular treatment, extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery was performed to prevent further ischemia.
This 5-year-old girl presented with a series of ischemic events in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory 12 months after her presentation with TBM. Angiography studies showed a 50% lumen reduction of the left MCA. After failure of antithrombocyte aggregation and repeated endovascular procedures to prevent new ischemia, EC-IC bypass surgery was performed. The left superficial temporal artery–MCA bypass was found to be capable of preventing new ischemic events in the 21-month follow-up period, despite a near-total MCA occlusion on follow-up conventional and MR angiography studies. Bypass surgery seems to be a reliable tool to augment cerebral blood flow in tuberculosis-related stenoocclusive changes of cerebral vasculature after the failure of endovascular procedures.
Postoperative neurological deterioration in pediatric moyamoya disease: watershed shift and hyperperfusion
Authors: Hayashi Toshiaki , Shirane Reizo , Fujimura Miki , Tominaga Teiji 
Published: July 2010

Object
Young patients with moyamoya disease frequently exhibit extensive cerebral infarction at the time of initial presentation, and even in the early postoperative period. To investigate clinical characteristics in the early postoperative period, the authors prospectively analyzed findings of MR imaging, MR angiography, and SPECT before and after surgery. The authors focused in particular on how postoperative neurological deterioration occurred.

Methods
Between August 2005 and June 2009, 22 patients younger than 18 years of age with moyamoya disease were treated at Miyagi Children's Hospital. The mean patient age (± SD) was 8.58 ± 4.55 years (range 2–17 years). Superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery bypass and indirect bypass of encephalosynangiosis between the brain surface and the temporal muscle, galea, and dura mater were performed in 35 hemispheres. Magnetic resonance imaging and MR angiography were performed before surgery, at 7 days postoperatively, and 3–6 months after surgery. A 123I-isopropyl iodoamphetamine SPECT scan was also obtained pre- and postoperatively.

Results
During the postoperative period, neurological deterioration was observed after 15 operations (10 cases of motor paresis, 1 of aphasia, and 4 of sensory disturbance) in 13 patients. All symptoms had resolved by the time of discharge, except in 2 patients who suffered cerebral infarction. All patients exhibited disappearance (94.3%) or reduction (5.7%) of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) during the follow-up period. Perioperative studies revealed 2 different types of radiological findings, focal uptake decrease on SPECT indicative of cerebral ischemia due to dynamic change in cerebral hemodynamics caused by bypass flow, the so-called watershed shift, and perioperative edematous lesions on MR imaging due to cerebral hyperperfusion. The frequent occurrence of preoperative TIAs was significantly associated with watershed shift, whereas preoperative MR imaging findings and preoperative SPECT findings were not. Age at operation was the only factor significantly associated with postoperative hyperperfusion.

Conclusions
In young patients, moyamoya disease exhibits rapid progression, resulting in poor clinical outcome. The risk of postoperative neurological deterioration in very young moyamoya patients with frequent TIAs should be noted. The findings in this study showed that direct bypass is not completely safe in patients with moyamoya disease because it causes dynamic change in postoperative cerebral hemodynamics.
<i>Micrasterias torreyi</i> Bail. var. <i>nurulislamii</i> Aziz var. nov. (Chlorophyceae) from Bangladesh
Authors: Aziz Abdul 
Published: July 2010

Not available.Keywords: Micrasterias torreyi Bail. var. nurulislamii Aziz var. nov.; Desmid; Green alga; Bangladesh.DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v17i1.5399Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 17(1): 109-111, 2010 (June)
The evolution in the representation of the foliage of deciduous trees in Chinese painting from the Tang through the Yuan
Authors: Glum Peter 
Published: July 2010

Cet article tente d'esquisser l'évolution du feuillage dans la peinture chinoise du paysage des Tang à la fin des Song. Seules sont étudiées les peintures murales des grottes bouddhiques et les peintures des tombes. Les conifères sont omis ainsi que les arbres du second plan qui sous les Tang ont la forme de champignons. Pour les arbres du premier plan, le tronc et les branches sont d'abord dessinés puis recouverts de feuilles disproportionnées, plus grandes que nature mais fort précises du point de vue botanique. Cette règle prévaudra jusqu'à la fin des Tang comme le montrent les peintures des tombes des princes Yide et Zhanghuai (706-711 de notre ère) et celles, datant du milieu du IXe siècle, de la grotte 17 à Dunhuang.
Dans le mausolée Liao à Qingling (1031 de notre ère) dont le style semble être plus tardif, on trouve en plus, parfois au premier plan, mais surtout au plan intermédiaire, des feuilles stéréotypées, ovales ; à l'arrière-plan, elles ne sont plus figurées que par des traits courts ou des taches. Cette formule devait déjà exister en Chine vers la fin des Tang. Sur un rouleau trouvé dans la tombe de Yemaotai (ca. 959-986 ap. J.-C.), le feuillage est évoqué par des aplats de lavis inspirés peut-être des « arbres- champignons». Les paysages peints sur la tombe de Feng Daozhen (1256 ap. J.-C.) près de Datong sont tous exécutés d'une manière libre et fluide. Le feuillage y est représenté par des taches d'encre plus ou moins larges et par de fines hachures grises ou noires, parfois superposées. On retrouve cette manière « impressionniste » dans les célèbres tableaux attribués à Xia Gui et Muqi des Song du Sud. Les difficultés rencontrées par un peintre voulant suggérer les milliers de feuilles d'un arbres ont été surmontées à deux reprises en Europe : dans l'Antiquité puis à la Renaissance. Cette évolution ne put s'accomplir en Chine qu'à l'avènement de la peinture monochrome à l'encre et résulterait d'une vision plus unifiée du paysage. On ignore les différentes étapes de cette évolution qui fut éphémère. Dès 1358, dans les peintures du monastère taoïste Yongle gong, on note un retour aux feuilles individuelles, plus petites, parfois tracées au contour sur un lavis préparatoire. En conclusion, bien qu'elles soient souvent attribuées à des maîtres tels que Xia Gui et Ma Yuan, il semble que des peintures utilisant à la fois la formule des feuilles dessinées une à une et celle du style allusif des Song du Sud ne puissent être des œuvres originales car il est inconcevable que des peintres aient eu recours à deux modes d'expression si opposés.
Note concernant une stèle Vaisnava du Népal
Authors: Béguin Gilles 
Published: July 2010

The musée Guimet has bought recently a stone from Nepal depicting the Hindu god Visnu, standing between Laksmî and Garuda. Four arms are appearing on the god. As on many of his representations in Nepal, the position of his two upper attributes, the wheel and the club, are not canonical and inverted. The cult of the "expansions" (vyûha) of Visnu is present in Kâthmandu Valley. The iconography of the musée Guimet stone corresponds with the Çrîdhara vyûha aspect. This special representation seems however more a local tradition than a special worship to Çrîdhara in Nepal.
The style of the sculpture is closed to some pieces of the X th. century but three details are unusual in this context : the special shape of the central fleuron of the diadem of the goddess, her snake torque armlets and the three lotus of the bottom of the stone. All these elements are popular during the XII th. century and it would be reasonnable to date this Visnu sculpture of that period.
La citadelle de Hawrat Bargha dans le sultanat d'Oman
Authors: Kervran Monique 
Published: July 2010

The fortress of Hawrat Bargha situated approximately twenty kilometers southwest of Sohar, has been considered, in the nineteenth century, as a fortification established by the Persians during the sixth century AD, in order to control the Batina coast of Oman. Although ceramics very much later than this date had been found within the walled area of the fort, the tradition of its pre-islamic date has persisted.
Stratigraphic excavations conducted early in 1986 at Sohar have established a more precise datation for the construction and occupation of the fortress. During the second half of the 13th century AD, the Nabhânid kings of Oman who governed
the Batina, had to face several invasions, coming from the south of Iran, in particular, those of the twelfth king of Hormuz, Rokn al-dîn Mahmud. The Nabhanids prepared fortifications in order to provide refuge for the rich agricultural regions at the foot of the mountains. Hawrat Bargha is an example of these constructions ; spectacular in its dominent location as well as its water management systems.
The history of these Nabhânid kings was purposely obliterated in the chronicles of the succeeding dynasty of Ibadi Imams, leaving the heritage of the only ornamented mosques of the Nabhanids and the fortifications such as Hawrat Bargha.
Le monastère de gTam zhing (Tamshing) au Bhoutan central
Authors: Imaeda Yoshiro , Pommaret Françoise 
Published: July 2010

The gTam zhing lHun grub chos gling monastery is situated in the Chos 'khor valley in the Bum thang region of Central Bhutan. It was founded by the famous gter ston « treasure- discoverer» Padma gling pa (1450-1521) at the very beginning of the sixteenth century. Since 1959, it became the residence of the two lineages of reincarnation of Padma gling pa tradition : the Pad gling gsung sprul, reincarnation of Padma gling pa, and the Pad gling thugs sras, that of Zla ba rgyal mtshan ( 1499-?), son of the gter ston. Thus it is an important centre of teachings of Padma gling pa tradition of the rNying ma pa school of Tibetan Buddhism.
Moreover, this small monastery presents a particular interest in the general history of Tibetan art. In fart some paintings of the ground floor date from the very foundation of the monastery and miraculously escaped from being retouched or repainted. There is a certain similarity of style between them and those of gTsang in Tibet, particularly those of rGyal rtse which are chronologically and geographically very close. One can admire for the first time the hitherto little studied iconography which is peculiar to the great « treasure-discoverer » of Bhutanese origin.
The Ming - Qing Transition in chinese Porcelain.
Authors: Medley Margaret 
Published: July 2010

Dans l'histoire de la porcelaine chinoise, la période de transition peut, à présent, sur la base de facteurs sociaux, économiques et politiques, être située dans la période qui va de la mort de l'empereur Wanli, en 1619, à la presque totale destruction des manufactures de Jingdezhen, du fait de la rébellion des Trois Feudataires, en 1674. Au cours de la première partie de cette période, une évolution stylistique peut être déterminée grâce à l'existence de pièces datées.
Les éléments fondamentaux du décor, pour les « bleu et blanc » tout au moins, apparaissent déjà vers 1625, date d'un brûle-parfum du British Museum, et on peut les suivre, en même temps que l'évolution des formes, jusque dans les premières années de la dynastie des Qing, après 1645. Les pièces
datées de cette dynastie apparaissent à partir de 1651, date à laquelle les premières commandes impériales sont passées aux manufactures.
Le changement devient assez rapide entre 1660 et 1670. En 1666, date d'une pièce importante qui se trouve dans une collection privée, le style Kangxi émerge nettement. Les pièces polychromes, cependant, sont plus difficiles à dater. En 1674, avec la dernière pièce datée avant la destruction des fours, on constate que le style Kangxi a suffisamment mûri pour devenir le tremplin des développements qui se situent durant les vingt dernières années du siècle et qui conduiront aux grandes réalisations du règne de Yongzheng.
Aux origines de l'hypocauste coréen (ondol)
Authors: Macouin Francis 
Published: July 2010

Recent archaeological survey has offered the possibility of retracing, schematically, the formative stages of home heating through the floor, a Korean tradition known as ondol. In the north-western parts of the peninsula, elbow-shaped smoke- outlets connected to fire-places, laid out and buried in the floor, have been found in the remains of certain habitations which date back to the iron-age.
In the Koguryô and Paekche kingdoms, these canalisations sometimes split into two, were laid out along-side walls of the homes, thus allowing smoke to escape through them to the outside. This system which largely improved heating in the home, was perhaps also serving as seating places since that period. The canalisation is found in ordinary semi-subterranean homes as well as in important constructions such as that of Dongtaizi (near Ji'an) which could be considered as a place of worship.
Its use continued in the Bohai kingdom during which an U-shaped canalisation was developed and perpetuated by the Jurchen and the Manchus. At the beginning of the Koryô kingdom, the system developed further. A number of outlets were connected to the same fire-place and over the greater part of the floor of a room. It is estimated that the Korean heating system acquired its characteristics mainly in the middle of the Koryô era.
Installations similar to the first canalised fire-places have been discovered among the people of Xiongnu and it appears that the primitive forms found in eastern Manchuria and northern Korea form the basis of the Chinese kang whose use spread out perhaps from the Jin dynasty.
Les peintres moghols et le thème de Tobie et de l'Ange
Authors: Okada Amina 
Published: July 2010

Moghul Painters and the theme of Tobias and the Angel.
The Moghul painters — especially the artists at work in the reign of Emperor Akbar / 1556-1605 / — copied and adapted the European engravings brought to Moghul India by the Jesuit missionaries and as they did so, they gave prominence to certain themes which they untiringly repeated and interpreted ever more freely. One of these curiously recurrent themes is that of Tobias and the Angel to which the brush of the Moghul masters invariably lent a hybrid appearance, far removed from its initial iconographie representation but recognizable none the less. We know of several versions of these Moghul variations on the theme of Tobias and the Angel — though some have not always been identified as such — most of them painted at the end of the . 16th century. The Guimet Museum possesses two illustrations
of this theme, signed by the painter-illuminator Hosein, who worked in the reign of Akbar and was schooled in the Persian tradition. Scrutiny of these two miniatures and comparison of them with other illustrations of the same period, also derived from the story of Tobias and the Archangel Raphael, show that the painters of Akbar's time, in their free adaptation of European engravings, drew as much if not more inspiration from the versions done by their fellow-artists from a European original, than from the original itself. This interplay of aesthetic correlations reveals the climate of intense emulation and fruitful exchange prevailing in the imperial painter's workshop, where the artists, eager to assess their own and each other's achievements, were constantly comparing their works.