bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translating impartiality into operations from a financial perspective: Uncertainties and solutions
Authors: Wang Yue , Fang Ting 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConsidering the drastic changes in the nature of conflicts, humanitarian organizations (HOs) and donors, investing more attention into impartiality is critical for HOs if they are to survive and improve the quality of their humanitarian activities. As one of the four fundamental humanitarian principles, impartiality has critical implications for humanitarian action in relation to three aspects: its symbolic meaning for humanitarian action, its procedural significance for humanitarian access, and its operational importance for needs assessments. This article analyzes how the practice of impartiality is challenged by the current humanitarian financing model from five angles: funding source, funding amount, funding allocation, financial management and funding categorization. To cope with these obstacles, we focus on the financial perspective and propose three suggestions for international HOs: first, digitally innovating the humanitarian financing model to ensure that overall humanitarian needs are covered; second, strengthening engagement with non-traditional donors such as the Gulf countries and China, with a focus on infrastructure; and third, developing a hybrid financing model, with case studies from UNICEF and the International Committee of the Red Cross.
Evaluation of the b Maps on the Faults of the Major (M > 7) South California Earthquakes
Authors: Convertito V. , Tramelli A. , Godano C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe use the Godano et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ea002205) method for evaluating the b maps of the faults associated with the largest earthquakes M ≥ 7.0 that occurred in California. The method allows an independent evaluation of the b parameter, avoiding the overlap of the cells and the omission of some earthquakes, while keeping all the available information in the catalog. We analyzed four large earthquakes: Landers, Hector Mine, Baja California, and Searles Valley. The maps obtained confirm that the b value can be considered as a strain meter and allow us to elucidate the presence of barriers, such as obstacles to the propagation of the fracture, on the fault of the analyzed earthquakes. A further estimated parameter is the time window during which aftershocks occur in the cell, Δt. This quantity is very useful for a better definition of the aftershock generation mechanism. It reveals where the stress is released in a short time interval and how the complexity of the faulting process controls the occurrence of aftershocks on the fault, and also the duration of the entire sequence.
Plankton Community Metabolism Variations in Two Temperate Coastal Waters of Contrasting Nutrient Richness
Authors: Mantikci Mustafa , Bentzon‐Tilia Mikkel , Traving Sachia J. , Knudsen‐Leerbeck Helle , Riemann Lasse , Hansen Jørgen L. S. , Markager Stiig 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEstuarine ecosystems play a crucial role in global carbon cycling. Understanding the factors controlling plankton metabolism in these regions is critical. This study investigates how contrasting nutrient conditions influence plankton metabolism and carbon flow in two Danish estuaries, Roskilde Fjord (RF) (eutrophic) and the Great Belt (GB) (less eutrophic). Despite higher nutrient concentrations in RF, chlorophyll a and biomass only showed a moderate increase compared to the GB. Interestingly, metabolic rates (photosynthesis and respiration) in RF displayed greater temperature sensitivity, suggesting potential nutrient limitation effects in the GB. While both stations exhibited similar annual net primary production, RF's higher net community production highlights the importance of nutrient availability for carbon accumulation within the system. Additionally, the study observed significant seasonal variations in plankton metabolism and its impact on the carbon cycle. Notably, the more dynamic hydrography in the GB weakened correlations between biological and environmental factors.
Modeling the Effects of Artificial Drainage on Agriculture‐Dominated Watersheds Using a Fully Distributed Integrated Hydrology Model
Authors: Rathore Saubhagya S. , Svyatsky Daniil S. , Coon Ethan T. , Son Kyongho , Painter Scott L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn agriculture‐dominated watersheds where natural drainage is poor, agricultural ditches (narrow engineered channels) and tile drains (perforated pipes) are widely employed to enhance surface and subsurface drainage, respectively. Despite their relatively small scale, these features exert substantial control over the hydro‐biogeochemical function of watersheds and their effects need to be represented in the models. We introduce a novel strategy to incorporate the effects of artificial agricultural drainage into a fully distributed basin‐scale integrated surface‐subsurface hydrology models. In our approach, narrow agriculture ditches for surface drainage are resolved efficiently using ditch‐aligned computational meshes that are hydrologically conditioned to ensure connectivity in the stream/ditch network. For tile drainage in the subsurface, we use the physically based Hooghoudt's drainage equation as a subgrid model and route the water drained through tiles to the nearest ditch. Without site‐specific calibration, this model reproduced observed streamflow in the Portage River Watershed (>1,000 km2) as recorded by a USGS gauge with good accuracy (normalized KGE = 0.81) and outperformed a calibrated SWAT model (normalized KGE = 0.68). Numerical experiments confirm that artificial drainage reduces surface inundations and effectively controls the water table. At the watershed scale, artificial drainage increases baseflow but has little effect on watershed discharges above the 90th percentile. The strong physical underpinnings and reduced need for calibration allow us to study the impacts of artificial drainage on distributed hydrological response in terms of fluxes and states and provide a platform for investigating watershed‐scale nutrient transport.
Macrophages in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Chen Runkai , Zhang Hongrui , Tang Botao , Luo Yukun , Yang Yufei , Zhong Xin , Chen Sifei , Xu Xinjie , Huang Shengkang , Liu Canzhao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe immune response holds a pivotal role in cardiovascular disease development. As multifunctional cells of the innate immune system, macrophages play an essential role in initial inflammatory response that occurs following cardiovascular injury, thereby inducing subsequent damage while also facilitating recovery. Meanwhile, the diverse phenotypes and phenotypic alterations of macrophages strongly associate with distinct types and severity of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, valvular disease, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, atherosclerosis and aneurysm, which underscores the importance of investigating macrophage regulatory mechanisms within the context of specific diseases. Besides, recent strides in single-cell sequencing technologies have revealed macrophage heterogeneity, cell–cell interactions, and downstream mechanisms of therapeutic targets at a higher resolution, which brings new perspectives into macrophage-mediated mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. Remarkably, myocardial fibrosis, a prevalent characteristic in most cardiac diseases, remains a formidable clinical challenge, necessitating a profound investigation into the impact of macrophages on myocardial fibrosis within the context of cardiac diseases. In this review, we systematically summarize the diverse phenotypic and functional plasticity of macrophages in regulatory mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases and unprecedented insights introduced by single-cell sequencing technologies, with a focus on different causes and characteristics of diseases, especially the relationship between inflammation and fibrosis in cardiac diseases (myocardial infarction, pressure overload, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy and cardiac aging) and the relationship between inflammation and vascular injury in vascular diseases (atherosclerosis and aneurysm). Finally, we also highlight the preclinical/clinical macrophage targeting strategies and translational implications.
Impact of Extraosseous Extramedullary Disease on Outcomes of Patients with Relapsed-Refractory Multiple Myeloma receiving Standard-of-Care Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy
Authors: Dima Danai , Abdallah Al-Ola , Davis James A. , Awada Hussein , Goel Utkarsh , Rashid Aliya , DeJarnette Shaun , Anwer Faiz , Shune Leyla , Raza Shahzad , Mahmoudjafari Zahra , Williams Louis , Faiman Beth , McGuirk Joseph P. , Sauter Craig S. , Ahmed Nausheen , Khouri Jack , Hashmi Hamza 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe presence of extramedullary disease (EMD) has been associated with poor outcomes in patients with relapsed-refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Herein, we report the outcomes of RRMM patients who were treated with standard-of-care (SOC) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and had active extraosseous EMD before the infusion. Data were retrospectively collected from patients at three US institutions with the intent to receive SOC CAR T. Responses were assessed per the International Myeloma Working Group criteria. A total of 152 patients proceeded with infusion, of whom 47 (31%) had EMD (EMD group) and 105 (69%) did not (non-EMD group). Baseline patient characteristics were comparable between the two groups. The EMD group had a higher incidence of high-grade CRS, steroid and anakinra use, and thrombocytopenia on day +30 compared to the non-EMD group. In addition, the EMD group had an inferior overall response rate (58% vs 96%, p < 0.00001), median progression-free survival (PFS) (5.1 vs 12.4 months; p < 0.0001), and overall survival (OS) (12.2 vs 27.5 months; p = 0.00058) compared to the non-EMD group. We further subdivided the non-EMD patients into those with paramedullary disease (PMD-only group, n = 26 [17%]) and those with neither EMD nor PMD (bone marrow-contained group or BM-only group, n = 79 [52%]). Patients with PMD-only had similar median PFS (11.2 vs 13.6 months, p = 0.3798) and OS (not reached [NR] vs 27.5 months, p = 0.6446) compared to patients with BM-only disease. However, patients with EMD exhibited inferior median PFS (5.1 vs 13.6 months, p < 0.0001) and OS (12.2 vs 27.5, p = 0.0008) compared to patients in the BM-only group. Treatment with SOC CAR T yielded meaningful clinical outcomes in real-world RRMM patients with extraosseous EMD, though responses and survival outcomes were suboptimal compared to patients without EMD. The presence of only EMD but not PMD was associated with significantly worse survival outcomes following the CAR T infusion.
Spatial phenotyping of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Younes Sheren , Subramanian Ajay , Khan Anum , Zhao Shuchun , Binkley Michael , Natkunam Yasodha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a rare lymphoma with sparse tumor B-cells and a favorable prognosis. Variant growth patterns of NLPHL, however, often show advanced stage, progression to T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) and a worse prognosis. We studied the tumor microenvironment (TME) of NLPHL and THRLBCL using highplex imaging and spatial profiling at the single cell level. Our findings show distinct differences in TME composition and spatial configuration that differ among typical and variant NLPHL and THRLBCL. Typical NLPHL show abundant helper T-cell subsets, while THRLBCL show abundant cytotoxic T-cells and macrophages. Tumor B-cell size and content is lowest in typical NLPHL, followed by variant NLPHL, and highest in THRLBCL, whereas an opposite trend characterized TME B-cells. CD4/CD8 double-positive T-cells are seen in all NLPHL but not in the majority of THRLBCL and are spatially distant from LP-cells and TFH-rosettes. The differences in macrophage/monocyte content in distinguishing NLPHL pattern E from THRLBCL is further corroborated in independent cohorts of cases. Our results validate the current approach to classification and in addition provide novel insights that could be leveraged to refine clinical management for patients with this spectrum of lymphomas.
Peroxiredoxin I and II as novel therapeutic molecular targets in cervical cancer treatment through regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by bleomycin
Authors: Sun Hu-Nan , Ma Da-Yu , Guo Xiao-Yu , Hao Ying-Ying , Jin Mei-Hua , Han Ying-Hao , Jin Xun , Kwon Taeho 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCervical cancer, significantly affecting women worldwide, often involves treatment with bleomycin, an anticancer agent targeting breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce cancer cell death. The Peroxiredoxin (PRDX) family, particularly PRDX1 and 2, plays a vital role in maintaining cellular balance by scavenging ROS, thus mitigating the damaging effects of bleomycin-induced mitochondrial and cellular oxidative stress. This process reduces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and prevents cell apoptosis. However, reducing PRDX1 and 2 levels reverses their protective effect, increasing apoptosis. This research highlights the importance of PRDX1 and 2 in cervical cancer treatments with bleomycin, showing their potential to enhance treatment efficacy by managing ROS and ER stress and suggesting a therapeutic strategy for improving outcomes in cervical cancer treatment.
A theory of evolutionary dynamics on any complex population structure reveals stem cell niche architecture as a spatial suppressor of selection
Authors: Kuo Yang Ping , Nombela-Arrieta César , Carja Oana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHow the spatial arrangement of a population shapes its evolutionary dynamics has been of long-standing interest in population genetics. Most previous studies assume a small number of demes or symmetrical structures that, most often, act as well-mixed populations. Other studies use network theory to study more heterogeneous spatial structures, however they usually assume small, regular networks, or strong constraints on the strength of selection considered. Here we build network generation algorithms, conduct evolutionary simulations and derive general analytic approximations for probabilities of fixation in populations with complex spatial structure. We build a unifying evolutionary theory across network families and derive the relevant selective parameter, which is a combination of network statistics, predictive of evolutionary dynamics. We also illustrate how to link this theory with novel datasets of spatial organization and use recent imaging data to build the cellular spatial networks of the stem cell niches of the bone marrow. Across a wide variety of parameters, we find these networks to be strong suppressors of selection, delaying mutation accumulation in this tissue. We also find that decreases in stem cell population size also decrease the suppression strength of the tissue spatial structure.
Memristor-based adaptive neuromorphic perception in unstructured environments
Authors: Wang Shengbo , Gao Shuo , Tang Chenyu , Occhipinti Edoardo , Li Cong , Wang Shurui , Wang Jiaqi , Zhao Hubin , Hu Guohua , Nathan Arokia , Dahiya Ravinder , Occhipinti Luigi Giuseppe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEfficient operation of control systems in robotics or autonomous driving targeting real-world navigation scenarios requires perception methods that allow them to understand and adapt to unstructured environments with good accuracy, adaptation, and generality, similar to humans. To address this need, we present a memristor-based differential neuromorphic computing, perceptual signal processing, and online adaptation method providing neuromorphic style adaptation to external sensory stimuli. The adaptation ability and generality of this method are confirmed in two application scenarios: object grasping and autonomous driving. In the former, a robot hand realizes safe and stable grasping through fast ( ~ 1 ms) adaptation based on the tactile object features with a single memristor. In the latter, decision-making information of 10 unstructured environments in autonomous driving is extracted with an accuracy of 94% with a 40×25 memristor array. By mimicking human low-level perception mechanisms, the electronic neuromorphic circuit-based method achieves real-time adaptation and high-level reactions to unstructured environments.
Aplp1 interacts with Lag3 to facilitate transmission of pathologic α-synuclein
Authors: Mao Xiaobo , Gu Hao , Kim Donghoon , Kimura Yasuyoshi , Wang Ning , Xu Enquan , Kumbhar Ramhari , Ming Xiaotian , Wang Haibo , Chen Chan , Zhang Shengnan , Jia Chunyu , Liu Yuqing , Bian Hetao , Karuppagounder Senthilkumar S. , Akkentli Fatih , Chen Qi , Jia Longgang , Hwang Heehong , Lee Su Hyun , Ke Xiyu , Chang Michael , Li Amanda , Yang Jun , Rastegar Cyrus , Sriparna Manjari , Ge Preston , Brahmachari Saurav , Kim Sangjune , Zhang Shu , Shimoda Yasushi , Saar Martina , Liu Haiqing , Kweon Sin Ho , Ying Mingyao , Workman Creg J. , Vignali Dario A. A. , Muller Ulrike C. , Liu Cong , Ko Han Seok , Dawson Valina L. , Dawson Ted M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPathologic α-synuclein (α-syn) spreads from cell-to-cell, in part, through binding to the lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (Lag3). Here we report that amyloid β precursor-like protein 1 (Aplp1) interacts with Lag3 that facilitates the binding, internalization, transmission, and toxicity of pathologic α-syn. Deletion of both Aplp1 and Lag3 eliminates the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the accompanying behavioral deficits induced by α-syn preformed fibrils (PFF). Anti-Lag3 prevents the internalization of α-syn PFF by disrupting the interaction of Aplp1 and Lag3, and blocks the neurodegeneration induced by α-syn PFF in vivo. The identification of Aplp1 and the interplay with Lag3 for α-syn PFF induced pathology deepens our insight about molecular mechanisms of cell-to-cell transmission of pathologic α-syn and provides additional targets for therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease and related α-synucleinopathies.
The neural basis of resting-state fMRI functional connectivity in fronto-limbic circuits revealed by chemogenetic manipulation
Authors: Elorette Catherine , Fujimoto Atsushi , Stoll Frederic M. , Fujimoto Satoka H. , Bienkowska Niranjana , London Liza , Fleysher Lazar , Russ Brian E. , Rudebeck Peter H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMeasures of fMRI resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) are an essential tool for basic and clinical investigations of fronto-limbic circuits. Understanding the relationship between rs-FC and the underlying patterns of neural activity in these circuits is therefore vital. Here we introduced inhibitory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) into the amygdala of two male macaques. We evaluated the causal effect of activating the DREADD receptors on rs-FC and neural activity within circuits connecting amygdala and frontal cortex. Activating the inhibitory DREADD increased rs-FC between amygdala and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Neurophysiological recordings revealed that the DREADD-induced increase in fMRI rs-FC was associated with increased local field potential coherency in the alpha band (6.5–14.5 Hz) between amygdala and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Thus, our multi-modal approach reveals the specific signature of neuronal activity that underlies rs-FC in fronto-limbic circuits.
A zinc oxide resonant nano-accelerometer with ultra-high sensitivity
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Wang Dazhi , He Jianqiao , Cui Yichang , Lu Liangkun , Li Yikang , Chen Xiangji , Liu Chang , Suo Liujia , Ren Tongqun , Wang Tiesheng , Cui Yan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNanoelectromechanical system accelerometers have the potential to be utilized in next-generation consumer electronics, inertial navigation, and seismology due to their low cost, small size, and low power consumption. There is an urgent need to develop resonant accelerometer with high sensitivity, precision and robustness. Here, a zinc oxide resonant nano-accelerometer with high sensitivity has been designed and prototyped using zinc oxide nanowires. Within a device two nanowires were symmetrically placed close to a notched flexure to evaluate acceleration based on differential resonant frequencies. Additionally, microleverages were integrated in the accelerometer to enhance its sensitivity by amplifying the inertial force. High performance of the accelerometer has been demonstrated by the measured absolute sensitivity (16.818 kHz/g), bias instability (13.13 μg at 1.2 s integration time) and bandwidth (from 4.78 to 29.64 kHz), respectively. These results suggest that zinc oxide nanowires could be a candidate to develop future nanoelectromechanical resonant accelerometer potentially used for inertial navigation, tilt measurement, and geophysical measurements.
Fluorescent riboswitch-controlled biosensors for the genome scale analysis of metabolic pathways
Authors: Michaud A. , Garneau D. , Côté J.-P. , Lafontaine D. A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFluorescent detection in cells has been tremendously developed over the years and now benefits from a large array of reporters that can provide sensitive and specific detection in real time. However, the intracellular monitoring of metabolite levels still poses great challenges due to the often complex nature of detected metabolites. Here, we provide a systematic analysis of thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) metabolism in Escherichia coli by using a TPP-sensing riboswitch that controls the expression of the fluorescent gfp reporter. By comparing different combinations of reporter fusions and TPP-sensing riboswitches, we determine key elements that are associated with strong TPP-dependent sensing. Furthermore, by using the Keio collection as a proxy for growth conditions differing in TPP levels, we perform a high-throughput screen analysis using high-density solid agar plates. Our study reveals several genes whose deletion leads to increased or decreased TPP levels. The approach developed here could be applicable to other riboswitches and reporter genes, thus representing a framework onto which further development could lead to highly sophisticated detection platforms allowing metabolic screens and identification of orphan riboswitches.
The remarkable potential of machine learning algorithms in estimating water permeability of concrete incorporating nano natural pozzolana
Authors: Alsubai Shtwai , Alqahtani Abdullah , Hashim Muhodir Sabih , Alanazi Abed , Ahmed Mohd , Jasim Dheyaa J. , Palani Sivaprakasam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to estimate the permeability of concrete by replacing the laboratory tests with robust machine learning (ML)-based models. For this purpose, the potential of twelve well-known ML techniques was investigated in estimating the water penetration depth (WPD) of nano natural pozzolana (NNP)-reinforced concrete based on 840 data points. The preparation of concrete specimens was based on the different combinations of NNP content, water-to-cement (W/C) ratio, median particle size (MPS) of NNP, and curing time (CT). Comparing the results estimated by the ML models with the laboratory results revealed that the hist-gradient boosting regressor (HGBR) and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithms were the most and least robust models to estimate the WPD of NNP-reinforced concrete, respectively. Both laboratory and ML results showed that the WPD of NNP-reinforced concrete decreased with the increase of the NNP content from 1 to 4%, the decrease of the W/C ratio and the MPS, and the increase of the CT. To further aid in the estimation of concrete’s WPD for engineering challenges, a graphical user interface for the ML-based models was developed. Proposing such a model may be effectively employed in the management of concrete quality.