bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kesesuaian Silabus Pendidikan Agama Islam dengan Kurikulum Nasional
Authors: Sari HS Devi Purnama , Harmi Hendra , Wanto Deri , Nurmal Ifnaldi 
Published: June 2024

Kesesuaian silabus PAI dengan Kurikulum Nasional sangat krusial mengingat pentingnya sinkronisasi antara materi yang diajarkan di sekolah dengan tujuan pendidikan nasional yang diharapkan. Ketidakcocokan antara silabus dan kurikulum dapat berdampak pada efektivitas proses pembelajaran dan pencapaian hasil belajar siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan atau library research, dengan fokus pada penelaahan kritis terhadap karya-karya Ibnu Khaldun dan literatur terkait lainnya. Data utama diperoleh dari sumber-sumber primer, seperti buku-buku Silabus, Pendidikan Agama Islam, dan Pendidikan Nasional dan data sekunder dari karya-karya terkait lainnya yang relevan dengan topik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pertama silabus PAI sudah banyak menyesuaikan dengan standar kompetensi dan kompetensi dasar dalam Kurikulum Nasional, masih terdapat area yang memerlukan peningkatan untuk memastikan pencapaian kompetensi secara menyeluruh. Kedua kendala utama meliputi perbedaan tujuan antara PAI yang berfokus pada pengembangan spiritual dan moral, dan Kurikulum Nasional yang lebih mengedepankan kompetensi untuk dunia kerja dan kehidupan sosial. Selain itu, terdapat tantangan diantaranya kekurangan sumber daya manusia yang kompeten dan fasilitas yang memadai untuk mendukung integrasi ini, serta pelatihan dan pengembangan profesional bagi guru PAI yang masih kurang memadai.. Ketiga integrasi silabus PAI dengan Kurikulum Nasional memerlukan pendekatan yang komprehensif dan kolaboratif. Dengan melibatkan berbagai pemangku kepentingan dan mengimplementasikan strategi-strategi yang telah disebutkan, diharapkan kesesuaian dan efektivitas kurikulum terpadu dapat ditingkatkan, sehingga dapat memberikan pendidikan yang lebih holistik dan bermakna bagi peserta didik.
Iranian nuclear weapons “Impact of Iranian nuclear weapons in the Middle East
Authors: Y. Khalil Faten 
Published: June 2024

Iranian nuclear weapons affected the situation in the Middle East because this problem resulted in a conflict between Iran and United States allies in the Middle East. Iran supported groups in the Middle East such as Hezbollah and Houthis to threaten United States interests, so the Middle East became a tension zone. The conflict between Iran and the United States increased when the Western sanctions against Iran increased, which led Iran to increase Uranium enrichment.
Combining Data from Multiple Techniques
Authors: Benmore Chris J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis chapter describes the power of combining experimental data from multiple probes in attempting to address some important current scientific issues facing us today, answer fundamental questions about the world around us, and seize new opportunities in pushing the limits of materials design. In this regard, the role of computer simulation takes on a prominent role and is central for developing realistic models covering a range of length scales. The goal is to push toward finding a common concept connecting a material's atomic and microscopic structure to its macroscopic properties and function. To achieve this, a strong appreciation of what exact information each individual probe measures and a precise knowledge of a technique's strengths, pitfalls, and possible sources of error are all needed in order to usefully combine data from multiple measurements. Consequently, the comprehensive explanations of each technique described in the preceding chapters of this book provide an invaluable resource to experimenters if data from multiple data sets are to be successfully combined.
High‐Resolution 3DImaging and Material Analysis with TransmissionX‐ray Microscopy and Nano‐CT
Authors: Wang Yuxin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLens‐based x‐ray microscopy and nano‐CT is a relatively new approach for imaging and characterizing nanostructures. To date, tens of nanometer resolution in 2D and 3D is routinely achieved with both commercial laboratory systems and instruments based at synchrotron radiation facilities. The nondestructive nature of the technique makes it particularly well suited forin situstudies on dynamic behavior of nanostructures while in or near their real operation conditions. With the use of tunable synchrotron x‐ray sources, the elemental and certain chemical compositions can also be mapped accurately in 3D with 1%‐level sensitivity. This paper provides an introduction to this technique with examples in several application areas.
Identification of rheumatoid arthritis patients using an administrative database: A Veterans Affairs study
Authors: Ng Bernard , Aslam Fawad , Petersen Nancy J. , Yu Hong‐Jen , Suarez‐Almazor Maria E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe accuracy of the diagnosis is vital when administrative databases are used for pharmacoepidemiologic and outcome studies. Data pertaining to the utility of databases for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are sparse and variable. We assessed the utility of various diagnostic algorithms to identify RA patients within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) databases.MethodsUsing the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code for RA at 2 visits at least 6 months apart, we identified 1,779 patients between October 1, 1998 and September 30, 2009 in our local Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) administrative database. Disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use was ascertained from the pharmacy database. Cases were analyzed based on DMARD therapy and RA codes at clinic visits. A total of 543 patients' medical records, selected by stratification and random selection on the basis of their visits, were reviewed to ascertain the clinicians' diagnoses and clinical criteria documentation. Positive predictive values (PPVs) were calculated for various database case identification algorithms using diagnosis of RA by medical record review as the gold standard.ResultsThe PPV for identification of RA with 2 RA codes 6 months apart was 30.9%. Addition of DMARD therapy increased the PPV to 60.4%. The PPV further increased to 91.4% when having an RA code at the last VAMC rheumatology clinic visit criterion was added. An algorithm using only 2 administrative RA codes 6 months apart had a low PPV for correctly identifying patients with RA in the VHA database.ConclusionIncluding DMARD therapy and requiring an RA code at the last visit with a rheumatologist increased the performance of the data extraction algorithm.
Effectiveness of self‐management of low back pain: Systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Oliveira Vinicius C. , Ferreira Paulo H. , Maher Christopher G. , Pinto Rafael Z. , Refshauge Kathryn M. , Ferreira Manuela L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of self‐management for nonspecific low back pain (LBP).MethodsWe performed a systematic review searching the Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS, PEDro, AMED, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane databases from earliest record to April 2011. Randomized controlled trials evaluating self‐management for nonspecific LBP and assessing pain and disability were included. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodologic quality of included trials. Data were pooled where studies were sufficiently homogenous. Analyses were conducted separately for short‐ (less than 6 months after randomization) and long‐term (at least 12 months after randomization) followup. Six criteria for self‐management were used to assess the content of the intervention.ResultsThe search identified 2,325 titles, of which 13 original trials were included. Moderate‐quality evidence showed that self‐management is effective for improving pain and disability for people with LBP. The weighted mean difference at short‐term followup for pain was −3.2 points on a 0–100 scale (95% confidence interval [95% CI] −5.1, −1.3) and for disability was −2.3 points (95% CI −3.7, −1.0). The long‐term effects were −4.8 (95% CI −7.1, −2.5) for pain and −2.1 (95% CI −3.6, −0.6) for disability.ConclusionThere is moderate‐quality evidence that self‐management has small effects on pain and disability in people with LBP. These results challenge the endorsement of self‐management in treatment guidelines.
Casimir Force Contrast Between Amorphous and Crystalline Phases of AIST
Authors: Torricelli Gauthier , van Zwol Peter J. , Shpak Olex , Palasantzas George , Svetovoy Vitaly B. , Binns Chris , Kooi Bart J. , Jost Peter , Wuttig Matthias 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPhase change materials (PCMs) can be rapidly and reversibly switched between the amorphous and crystalline state. The structural transformation is accompanied by a significant change of optical and electronic properties rendering PCMs suitable for rewritable optical data storage and non‐volatile electronic memories. The phase transformation is also accompanied by an increase of the Casimir force of 20 to 25% between gold and AIST (Ag5In5Sb60Te30) upon crystallization. Here the focus is on reproducing and understanding the observed change in Casimir force, which is shown to be related to a change of the dielectric function upon crystallization. The dielectric function changes in two separate frequency ranges: the increase of absorption in the visible range is due to resonance bonding, which is unique for the crystalline phase, while free carrier absorption is responsible for changes in the infrared regime. It is shown that free carriers contribute ≈50% to the force contrast, while the other half comes from resonance bonding. This helps to identify PCMs that maximize force contrast. Finally it is shown that if this concept of force control is to be employed in microelectromechanical devices, then protective capping layers of PCMs must be only a few nanometers thick to minimize reduction of the force contrast.
Energy Transfer in Nanotube‐Perylene Complexes
Authors: Ernst Friederike , Heek Timm , Setaro Antonio , Haag Rainer , Reich Stephanie 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA functional surfactant designed to solubilize and individualize nanotubes efficiently in aqueous media and to form energy transfer complexes with the carbon nanotubes through π–π stacking is presented. Upon excitation of the adsorbed perylene unit an emission from the nanotubes is observed that indicates a successful excitation transfer. The efficiency of the indirect excitation via the adsorbant is of the same order of magnitude as the direct excitation of the nanotubes. Under optimized preparation conditions the pH independent perylene‐imido‐diester compound isolates and solubilizes carbon nanotubes in biocompatible aqueous environments without additional surfactants. The resulting solutions are stable over many months.
High Contrast Superlens Lithography Engineered by Loss Reduction
Authors: Liu Hong , Wang Bing , Ke Lin , Deng Jie , Choy Chan Chum , Zhang Ming Sheng , Shen Lu , Maier Stefan A. , Teng Jing Hua 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAlthough sub‐diffraction‐limit‐resolution optical imaging has been attained via superlenses in the UV regime, the corresponding resist profile in general exhibits a very poor contrast, far below the minimum requirement for photolithography. Here, it is experimentally demonstrated thin flat silver superlenses, engineered through refining interfacial roughness to reduce scattering loss, capable of resolving grating features of sub‐50 nm resolution with a high contrast of about 2.2. The seed layer effect on the superlens performance at a wavelength of 365 nm has been probed through both experimental and analytical methods. The performance of Ag, Ag/Ni and Ag/Ge superlenses agrees well with theoretical predications. The results show that a smooth interface is a key factor for realizing high performance superlensing, while damping losses become dominant when the roughness is reduced to less than 2 nm. This work verifies that a superlens is a potential tool for sub‐diffraction limit nano‐photolithography.
Preparation and characterization of polypropylene/heart‐of‐peach palm sheath composite
Authors: Magalhães Washington Luiz Esteves , Pianaro Sidnei Antonio , Granado Carlos Jose Fernandes , Satyanarayana Kestur Gundappa 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article presents preparation of heart‐of‐peach palm sheath (20–40 wt %) incorporated polypropylene (PP) composites using a single screw extruder. This study is aimed at the waste disposal problem, a societal concern considering that the peach palm cultivation being an important economic activity of some countries, which generate five times more waste than actual heart‐of‐palm itself. Both the raw materials and their composites were characterized for specific gravity, compressive and impact strengths, softening temperature, and hardness. It was observed that with increasing filler content the compressive and impact strengths of composites continuously decreased, while specific gravity, vicat softening temperature, and hardness showed the opposite trend. However, the optimum mechanical properties were attained for 30 wt % filler, which was the same filler content at which the highest PP crystallinity index was observed. Results also indicate that the lignocellulosic residue induce beta phase on the PP matrix and decrease thermal stability of the composite. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Composition control through pH and ionic strength during acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymerization
Authors: Paril Ahmet , Giz Ahmet , Catalgil‐Giz Huceste 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe possibility of controlling the composition of acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymers by controlling the pH and the ionic strength of the reaction medium is investigated. The reactivity ratios of charged monomers depend on the pH of the medium, acrylic acid is the more reactive monomer below pH 3 and acrylamide above pH 4. The working pH was set at 3.6, a candidate for the crossover point, where no composition drift is expected. Copolymerization kinetics is investigated at this pH at various ionic strengths and a reaction without composition drift up to 80% conversion was achieved. All the chains produced in this reaction contain 30% ± 3% acrylic acid. Copolymer conversions, molecular weights, and composition distributions were measured through Automatic Continuous Online Monitoring of Polymerization (ACOMP) system. The copolymerization data were analyzed by a recent error in variables method (EVM) and reactivity ratios are calculated. The results show that in salt free conditions, the reactivity ratios depend on the ionic monomer concentration (ionic strength) in addition to the pH of the reaction medium. The effect of polyelectrolytic interactions on the reactivity ratios and the resulting composition drift during the reaction, sequence length distribution, and Stockmayer bivariate distribution are discussed in detail. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Block copolymers of acrylonitrile and poly(dimethylsiloxane)s
Authors: Köken Nesrin , Karagöz Serap , Kızılcan Nilgün , Ustamehmetoğlu Belkıs 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe chemical redox system of ceric ammonium nitrate(Ce4+) and poly(dimethylsiloxane)s (PDMS) with monohydroxy (MH), dihydroxy (DH), and diamine(DA) chain ends was used to polymerize acrylonitrile (AN) to produce monohydroxy poly(dimethylsiloxane)s‐b‐polyacrylonitrile (MH.PDMS‐b‐PAN), dihydroxy poly(dimethylsiloxane)s‐b‐polyacrylonitrile (DH.PDMS‐b‐PAN), and α, ω‐diamine poly(dimethylsiloxane)s‐b‐polyacrylonitrile (DA.PDMS‐b‐PAN) block copolymers. The concentration, reaction time, and the type of poly(dimethylsiloxane) affect the yield and the molecular weight of the copolymers. The ratio of AN/ceric salt/PDMS has remarkably affects the properties of formed copolymers. DH.PDMS‐b‐PAN copolymers were also prepared by electroinduced polymerization in the presence of catalytic amount of Ce4+ in a divided electrochemical cell where Ce3+ is readily oxidized into Ce4+ at the anode. The products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, DSC, and their surface properties were investigated through contact‐angle measurements. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Fundamental studies on lignocellulose/polypropylene composites: Effects of wood treatment on the transcrystalline morphology and mechanical properties
Authors: Borysiak Slawomir 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEffects of alkalization, esterification, and γ‐irradiation of wood on the transcrystalline morphology of wood/polypropylene composites were investigated using X‐ray diffraction, hot stage optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The occurrence of transcrystallization in wood‐polypropylene composites is strongly dependent on the type of chemical modification of lignocellulosic materials. A detailed analysis of the results obtained proved that the transcrystallization is strongly influenced by conditions of mercerization process of wood and kind of anhydrides. Moreover, it has been found that amount of cellulose in wood plays a key role in the development of transcrystallinity. The absence of cellulose in wood seems to be unfavorable for the growth of transcrystallinity. A relationship between mechanical properties of composites and the phenomena taking place at the polymer‐filler interface, controlled by chemical modifications of lignocellulose components has been evaluated. It has been established that the mechanical properties of wood composites depend on the proper choice of a modifier and are obtained after optimization of the process of modification. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Mechanical and barrier properties of poly(lactic acid) films coated by nanoclay–ink composition
Authors: Kim Hyun Kyung , Kim Seong Jin , Lee Hyun Soo , Choi Jae Hoon , Jeong Chang Myeong , Sung Myoung Hwan , Park Seok‐Hoon , Park Hyun Jin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films were coated by an ink formulation containing nanoclay dispersed with ultrasonic homogenization for 20 min. Mechanical and barrier properties of the coated films were evaluated according to clay type and concentration. PLA films coated by ink formulations containing Cloisite 30B displayed the best mechanical and barrier properties in six types of nanoclays. PLA films coated by Cloisite 30B‐containing ink varying in clay concentration were investigated. Tensile strength and elongation at break of these coated films were improved in 1% Cloisite 30B. Oxygen permeability decreased significantly upon the addition of clay levels up to 1% and slightly decreased with further increases in the amount of the clay. The value of water vapor permeability also decreased depending on the increases of clay (0%–20%). When the clay content in the sample was 2.0%, the surface of coated PLA films displayed aggregation visible using film emission scanning electron microscopy. X‐ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy indicated that a mixture of exfoliated and intercalated structure was formed with addition of 1% (w/w) Cloisite 30B to the ink after ultrasonication. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Adsorption of salicylic acid in aqueous solution by a water‐compatible hyper‐cross‐linked resin functionalized with amino‐group
Authors: Xiao Gu‐Qing , Li Hua , Xu Man‐Cai 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOn account of the high toxicity of nitrobenzene, 1,2‐dichloroethane was used as solvent. A novel water‐compatible hyper‐cross‐linked resin functionalized with amino‐group (denoted as GQ‐04) was synthesized to remove salicylic acid (SA) in aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity of SA onto GQ‐04 was observed at pH of 1.88. The adsorption capacity increased with the increasing salt concentration. The adsorption kinetic data obeyed the pseudo‐second‐order rate equation and the adsorption isotherms can be characterized by Freundlich model. The intraparticle diffusion was the main rate‐controlling step. The saturated adsorption quantity of SA was up to 119.9 mg·mL‐1 according to the dynamic adsorption at 293 K. The resin could be regenerated by the 6 BV mixed solution of 80% ethanol and 0.5 mol/L NaOH. The size matching and hydrogen bonding between GQ‐04 and SA and the micropore structure resulted in the larger adsorption capacity in comparison with XAD‐4 and H103 resin. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The effect of selective location of carbon nanotubes on electrical properties of thermoplastic vulcanizates
Authors: Zhu Yilei , Zhang Xiaohong , Song Zhihai , Qi Guicun , Wang Xiang , Li Binghai , Wang Haosheng , Qiao Jinliang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThree types of conductive thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) were prepared by blending polypropylene (PP), carbon nanotubes (CNT), and carboxylic acrylonitrile butadiene ultrafine full‐vulcanized powdered rubber (xNBR‐UFPR). The CNT locations were different in these three types of TPVs, i.e., CNTs were localized in PP matrix, in the xNBR‐UFPR phase, or mainly in the interface. It had been found that TPV with CNTs localized mainly in the interface had the lowest conductive percolation threshold among these three types of TPVs. The volume resistivity of the TPV with 2 phr CNTs was as small as 220 Ω•cm. Moreover, the conductive TPV possessed good mechanical properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Humidity and wetting effects in spin‐cast blends of insulating polymers and conducting polyaniline doped with DBSA
Authors: Haberko Jakub , Bernasik Andrzej , Łużny Wojciech , Hasik Magdalena , Raczkowska Joanna , Rysz Jakub , Budkowski Andrzej 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this article, morphological structures are presented that are formed during spin coating of thin composite polymer films, containing a conjugated polymer. The system under study is a mixture of electrically conductive polyaniline doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and a conventional, nonconducting polymer—polystyrene or poly(methyl methacrylate). The dopant strongly influences film morphology, acting as a surfactant at a polymer/polymer interface. The effect of solution composition, spin‐coating atmosphere, and solvent on final morphology is analyzed. Experimental data were collected by means of several techniques: dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, Atomic Force Microscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and optical microscopy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Rheological properties and foam preparation of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate)
Authors: Li Guan , Qi Rongrong , Lu Jiaqi , Hu Xinli , Luo Yu , Jiang Pingkai 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTo produce biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) foam by compression molding, high viscosity PBS was prepared with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a crosslinking agent and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) as a curing coagent by crosslink method. The influences of various factors on the foaming process and the properties of PBS foams were investigated. The results show that the use of DCP and TMPTMA simultaneously can effectively increase the melt viscosity of PBS. Zinc oxide/zinc stearate was used to reduce the thermal decomposition temperature of the blowing agent azodicarbonamide, which can balance well the vulcanization of PBS and the decomposition of blowing agent. Finally, closed‐cell PBS foams with degradable property have been successfully prepared by a traditional chemical compression molding foaming way. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013