bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating continuity out of the disruption of a diagnosis of HIV during pregnancy
Authors: Kelly Carmel , Alderdice Fiona , Lohan Maria , Spence Dale 
Published: March 2012

Aim.  To understand the uniqueness of the experience of testing HIV positive from the perspective of pregnant women.Background.  As more people learn of their HIV diagnosis through routine screening processes, it is timely to reflect on the impact of receiving an unexpected positive result.Design.  A prospective qualitative study.Methods.  This paper draws on the case studies of four women who were participating in a larger prospective qualitative study of reproductive decision‐making, pregnancy and childbirth following HIV diagnosis. Multiple interviews were conducted following diagnosis during pregnancy, and, after the birth of their babies. Thematic data analysis was undertaken.Results.  Drawing on Becker’s theory of disruption, we document the ‘sudden disjuncture’ of their antenatal diagnosis and the embodied emotional struggle the women engaged in to create continuity in their lives. A diagnosis of HIV disrupted the women’s biographies in terms of their health, relationships and social identity. As pregnant women, the threat of HIV was experienced most significantly in relation to their unborn child. However, their narratives also revealed how a diagnosis of HIV in the context of pregnancy, whilst traumatic, provided a focus for regaining continuity in their lives, as the baby became a metaphor for hope and orientation toward the future.Conclusions.  As HIV testing becomes more ‘routine’, the findings of this study serve to remind health professionals that a positive diagnosis continues to constitute a major trauma to individuals and families.Relevance to clinical practice.  We propose that appropriately educated nursing and midwifery staff could facilitate the ‘meaning making’ process that is required for newly diagnosed HIV positive persons to find a subjective sense of well‐being in their lives.
The ceremonial order of public health nursing consultations: an ethnographic study
Authors: Clancy Anne 
Published: March 2012

Aims.  To explore public health nursing consultations by providing reflections on the overt interaction between public health nurses, parents and young people during consultations.Background.  There is limited research on public health nursing strategies and intervention models. There is a need to observe and describe the content of public health nursing work.Design.  The study has an ethnographic design and this article focuses mainly on the observations.Methods.  Five consultations at four different child health clinics, six consultations at two health clinics for young people and one consultation at the school public health nurse’s office were observed. The sociological concept of role formats provides the analytical focus for the paper.Results.  There are differences between the overriding ceremonial order in the public health nursing consultations observed in this study and the dominant role format observed in Sociologist P.M. Strong’s study of medical consultations. Gentility can be a common denominator, yet ease and focus on everyday issues seems consistent with public health nursing consultations. The ‘personal professional format’ seems to be the correct term for the overriding ceremonial order.Conclusion.  The outward show of behaviour in nursing and medical consultations differs. Despite society’s increased bureaucracy within health care systems, ease and a personal professional approach, not a rigid bureaucratic format, seems to be the dominant ceremonial order in public health nursing consultations.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study is relevant to clinical nursing practice as it can create awareness of the taken‐for‐granted subtleties in nursing consultations. The findings show the continued need for supportive universal services that focus on the everyday needs of parents, young people and families. The findings also reveal the need for further studies on the moral underpinnings of public health nursing practice.
Psychometric evaluation of a Dutch version of the Mini PAS‐ADD for assessing psychiatric disorders in adults with different levels of intellectual disability
Authors: Janssen R. , Maes B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have an increased vulnerability to develop psychiatric problems. Moreover, the early recognition and the accurate diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in the population of persons with ID are challenging.Method  A Dutch version of the Mini PAS‐ADD, which is a screening instrument for identification of mental health problems in people with ID, was evaluated in terms of internal consistency, interinformant reliability, item grouping and criterion validity based on a large‐scale random sample (n = 377) and a clinical sample (n = 99) of adults with ID.Results  The Dutch version of the Mini PAS‐ADD showed moderate internal consistency, and moderate concordance among informants. Both aspects of the reliability were comparable for different levels of ID. A factor analysis largely confirmed the scale structure. Concurrent validity with the Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior was high for the Depression, Psychosis and Autism scale. The outcome of the criterion‐validity analysis indicated high specificity. The sensitivity for specific psychiatric disorders by the corresponding scales was moderate, but the general sensitivity for the presence of psychopathology on the basis of any of the scales was satisfying.Conclusions  The present research reconfirmed the use of the Mini PAS‐ADD as a primary screening device for the identification of mental health problems among people with ID.
Texture of cellulose microfibrils of root hair cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana, Medicago truncatula, and Vicia sativa
Authors: AKKERMAN M. , FRANSSEN‐VERHEIJEN M.A.W. , IMMERZEEL P. , HOLLANDER L.DEN , SCHEL J.H.N. , EMONS A.M.C. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryCellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on earth, and has qualities that make it suitable for biofuel. There are new tools for the visualisation of the cellulose synthase complexes in living cells, but those do not show their product, the cellulose microfibrils (CMFs). In this study we report the characteristics of cell wall textures, i.e. the architectures of the CMFs in the wall, of root hairs of Arabidopsis thaliana, Medicago truncatula and Vicia sativa and compare the different techniques we used to study them. Root hairs of these species have a random primary cell wall deposited at the root hair tip, which covers the outside of the growing and fully grown hair. The secondary wall starts between 10 (Arabidopsis) and 40 (Vicia) μm from the hair tip and the CMFs make a small angle, Z as well as S direction, with the long axis of the root hair. CMFs are 3–4 nm wide in thin sections, indicating that single cellulose synthase complexes make them. Thin sections after extraction of cell wall matrix, leaving only the CMFs, reveal the type of wall texture and the orientation and width of CMFs, but CMF density within a lamella cannot be quantified, and CMF length is always underestimated by this technique. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and surface preparations for transmission electron microscopy reveal the type of wall texture and the orientation of individual CMFs. Only when the orientation of CMFs in subsequent deposited lamellae is different, their density per lamella can be determined. It is impossible to measure CMF length with any of the EM techniques.
Molecular characterization of the Lotus japonicus NRT1(PTR) and NRT2 families
Authors: CRISCUOLO GIUSEPPINA , VALKOV VLADIMIR TOTEV , PARLATI AURORA , ALVES LUDOVICO MARTIN , CHIURAZZI MAURIZIO 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTNitrate is an essential element for plant growth, both as a primary nutrient in the nitrogen assimilation pathway and as an important signal for plant development. Low‐ and high‐affinity transport systems are involved in the nitrate uptake from the soil and its distribution between different plant tissues. By an in silico search, we identified putative members of both systems in the model legume Lotus japonicus. We investigated, by a time course analysis, the transcripts abundance in root tissues of nine and four genes encoding putative low‐affinity (NRT1) and high‐affinity (NRT2) nitrate transporters, respectively. The genes were sub‐classified as inducible, repressible and constitutive on the basis of their responses to provision of nitrate, auxin or cytokinin. Furthermore, the analysis of the pattern of expression in root and nodule tissues after Mesorhizobium loti inoculation permitted the identification of sequences significantly regulated during the symbiotic interaction. The interpretation of the global regulative networks obtained allowed to postulate roles for nitrate transporters as possible actors in the cross‐talks between different signalling pathways triggered by biotic and abiotic factors.
Mechanisms of hormonal regulation of endosperm cap‐specific gene expression in tomato seeds
Authors: Martínez‐Andújar Cristina , Pluskota Wioletta E. , Bassel George W. , Asahina Masashi , Pupel Piotr , Nguyen Theresa T. , Takeda‐Kamiya Noriko , Toubiana David , Bai Bing , Górecki Ryszard J. , Fait Aaron , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Nonogaki Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe micropylar region of endosperm in a seed, which is adjacent to the radicle tip, is called the ‘endosperm cap’, and is specifically activated before radicle emergence. This activation of the endosperm cap is a widespread phenomenon among species and is a prerequisite for the completion of germination. To understand the mechanisms of endosperm cap‐specific gene expression in tomato seeds, GeneChip analysis was performed. The major groups of endosperm cap‐enriched genes were pathogenesis‐, cell wall‐, and hormone‐associated genes. The promoter regions of endosperm cap‐enriched genes contained DNA motifs recognized by ethylene response factors (ERFs). The tomato ERF1 (TERF1) and its experimentally verified targets were enriched in the endosperm cap, suggesting an involvement of the ethylene response cascade in this process. The known endosperm cap enzyme endo‐β‐mannanase is induced by gibberellin (GA), which is thought to be the major hormone inducing endosperm cap‐specific genes. The mechanism of endo‐β‐mannanase induction by GA was also investigated using isolated, embryoless seeds. Results suggested that GA might act indirectly on the endosperm cap. We propose that endosperm cap activation is caused by the ethylene response of this tissue, as a consequence of mechanosensing of the increase in embryonic growth potential by GA action.
Enhanced midbrain response at 6‐month follow‐up in cocaine addiction, association with reduced drug‐related choice
Authors: Moeller Scott J. , Tomasi Dardo , Woicik Patricia A. , Maloney Thomas , Alia‐Klein Nelly , Honorio Jean , Telang Frank , Wang Gene‐Jack , Wang Ruiliang , Sinha Rajita , Carise Deni , Astone‐Twerell Janetta , Bolger Joy , Volkow Nora D. , Goldstein Rita Z. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTDrug addiction is characterized by dysregulated dopamine neurotransmission. Although dopamine functioning appears to partially recover with abstinence, the specific regions that recover and potential impact on drug seeking remain to be determined. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study an ecologically valid sample of 15 treatment‐seeking cocaine addicted individuals at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up. At both study sessions, we collected fMRI scans during performance of a drug Stroop task, clinical self‐report measures of addiction severity and behavioral measures of cocaine seeking (simulated cocaine choice); actual drug use in between the two study sessions was also monitored. At 6‐month follow‐up (compared with baseline), we predicted functional enhancement of dopaminergically innervated brain regions, relevant to the behavioral responsiveness toward salient stimuli. Consistent with predictions, whole‐brain analyses revealed responses in the midbrain (encompassing the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra complex) and thalamus (encompassing the mediodorsal nucleus) that were higher (and more positively correlated) at follow‐up than baseline. Increased midbrain activity from baseline to follow‐up correlated with reduced simulated cocaine choice, indicating that heightened midbrain activations in this context may be marking lower approach motivation for cocaine. Normalization of midbrain function at follow‐up was also suggested by exploratory comparisons with active cocaine users and healthy controls (who were assessed only at baseline). Enhanced self‐control at follow‐up was suggested by a trend for the commonly hypoactive dorsal anterior cingulate cortex to increase response during a drug‐related context. Together, these results suggest that fMRI could be useful in sensitively tracking follow‐up outcomes in drug addiction.
Differences in regional cerebral blood flow response to a 5HT3 antagonist in early‐ and late‐onset cocaine‐dependent subjects
Authors: Adinoff Bryon , Devous Michael D. , Williams Mark J. , Harris Thomas S. , Best Susan E. , Dong Hongyun , Zielinski Tanya 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT5‐hydroxytryptamine 3 (5HT3) receptors are important modulators of mesostriatal dopaminergic transmission and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of cocaine reward, withdrawal and self‐administration. In addition, the 5HT3 antagonist ondansetron is effective in treating early‐onset, but not late‐onset, alcohol‐dependent subjects. To explore the role of 5HT3 receptor systems in cocaine addiction using functioning imaging, we administered ondansetron to 23 abstinent, treatment‐seeking cocaine‐addicted and 22 sex‐, age‐ and race‐matched healthy control participants. Differences between early‐ (first use before 20 years, n = 10) and late‐onset (first use after 20 years, n = 10) cocaine‐addicted subjects were also assessed. On two separate days, subjects were administered ondansetron (0.15 mg/kg intravenously over 15 minutes) or saline. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured following each infusion with single photon emission computed tomography. No significant rCBF differences between the cocaine‐addicted and control participants were observed following ondansetron relative to saline. Early‐onset subjects, however, showed increased (P < 0.001) right posterior parahippocampal rCBF following ondansetron. In contrast, late‐onset subjects showed decreased rCBF following ondansetron in an overlapping region of the right parahippocampal/hippocampal gyrus. Early‐onset subjects also displayed increased rCBF in the left anterior insula and subthalamic nucleus following ondansetron; late‐onset subjects showed decreased rCBF in the right anterior insula. These findings suggest that the age of drug use onset is associated with serotonergic biosignatures in cocaine‐addicted subjects. Further clarification of these alterations may guide targeted treatment with serotonergic medications similar to those successfully used in alcohol‐dependent patients.
Medications development to treat alcohol dependence: a vision for the next decade
Authors: Litten Raye Z. , Egli Mark , Heilig Markus , Cui Changhai , Fertig Joanne B. , Ryan Megan L. , Falk Daniel E. , Moss Howard , Huebner Robert , Noronha Antonio 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTMore than 76 million people world‐wide are estimated to have diagnosable alcohol use disorders (AUDs) (alcohol abuse or dependence), making these disorders a major global health problem. Pharmacotherapy offers promising means for treating AUDs, and significant progress has been made in the past 20 years. The US Food and Drug Administration approved three of the four medications for alcoholism in the last two decades. Unfortunately, these medications do not work for everyone, prompting the need for a personalized approach to optimize clinical benefit or more efficacious medications that can treat a wider range of patients, or both. To promote global health, the potential reorganization of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) must continue to support the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism's (NIAAA's) vision of ensuring the development and delivery of new and more efficacious medications to treat AUDs in the coming decade. To achieve this objective, the NIAAA Medications Development Team has identified three fundamental long‐range goals: (1) to make the drug development process more efficient; (2) to identify more efficacious medications, personalize treatment approaches, or both; and (3) to facilitate the implementation and adaptation of medications in real‐world treatment settings. These goals will be carried out through seven key objectives. This paper describes those objectives in terms of rationale and strategy. Successful implementation of these objectives will result in the development of more efficacious and safe medications, provide a greater selection of therapy options and ultimately lessen the impact of this devastating disorder.
Phenotype in 18 Danish subjects with genetically verified CHARGE syndrome
Authors: Husu E , Hove HD , Farholt S , Bille M , Tranebjærg L , Vogel I , Kreiborg S 
Published: March 2012

Husu E, Hove HD, Farholt S, Bille M, Tranebjærg L, Vogel I, Kreiborg S. Phenotype in 18 Danish subjects with genetically verified CHARGE syndrome.CHARGE (coloboma of the eye, heart defects, choanal atresia, retarded growth and development, genital hypoplasia and ear anomalies and/or hearing loss) syndrome is a rare genetic, multiple‐malformation syndrome. About 80% of patients with a clinical diagnose, have a mutation or a deletion in the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding protein 7 (CHD7). Genotype–phenotype correlation is only partly known. In this nationwide study, phenotypic characteristics of 18 Danish CHD7 mutation positive CHARGE individuals (N = 18) are presented. We studied patient records, clinical photographs, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Information was not available for all traits in all subjects. Therefore, the results are presented as fractions. The following prevalence of cardinal symptoms were found: coloboma, 16/17; heart defects, 14/18; choanal atresia, 7/17; retarded growth and development, 11/13; genital abnormalities, 5/18; ear anomalies, 15/17 and sensorineural hearing loss, 14/15. Vestibular dysfunction (10/13) and swallowing problems (12/15) were other frequent cranial nerve dysfunctions. Three‐dimensional reconstructions of MRI scans showed temporal bone abnormalities in >85%. CHARGE syndrome present a broad phenotypic spectrum, although some clinical features are more frequently occurring than others. Here, we suggest that genetic testing for CHD7 mutation should be considered in neonates with a specific combination of several clinical symptoms.
Pilot study for evidence‐based nursing management: Improving the levels of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intent to leave among nurses in Turkey
Authors: Yurumezoglu Havva Arslan , Kocaman Gulseren 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBecause of the nursing shortage problem, an important goal for nurse managers is preventing nurses from leaving the organization. This study analyzed the effect of evidence‐based nursing management practices on nurses' levels of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intent to leave using the Promoting Action Research Implementation in Health Service framework as a guide. This study employed a single‐group, quasi‐experimental, pretest–post‐test design with repeated measures. Data were collected using the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Organizational Commitment Scale. The study was conducted at a 127‐bed private, accredited hospital. The sample was composed of 58 nurses who participated in all three measurements. Data analysis was conducted using repeated‐measures anova and the Cochrane Q‐test. An improvement was observed in the nurses' intrinsic, extrinsic, and total satisfaction levels, and in the degree of normative commitment. Nurse managers stated that they benefited from this study. In order to find effective and long‐lasting solutions to the nursing shortage problem, evidence‐based recommendations should be used in nursing management.
Association between sleep duration and psychological health in overweight and obese children in Korea
Authors: Kim Hee Soon , Ham Ok Kyung , Kim Jong Wook , Park Ji Young 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study examined the moderating effects of different body mass index groups on the relationship between sleep duration and psychological variables (i.e. self‐esteem, depression, and perceived obesity stress) among overweight and obese children in Korea. A non‐experimental, cross‐sectional study design was used. Study participants included 424 children residing in one metropolitan city of Korea and participating in weight‐control programs. Self‐reported data collection and physical examinations were performed. An age‐ and sex‐specific reference growth chart was used to produce body mass index for age percentiles, and to classify overweight and obese groups. The results indicated that the main effects of sleep duration and the body mass index group × sleep duration interaction terms were statistically significant for all investigated psychological variables (P < 0.05), indicating that the body mass index group variable moderated the relationship between sleep duration and these psychological variables. This study found that sleep duration < 7 h was particularly detrimental to the investigated psychological variables in overweight, rather than obese, children.
Photoselective vaporization of the prostate using the 180W lithium triborate laser
Authors: Chung Amanda S. J. , Chabert Charles , Yap Hin‐Wai , Lam Jimmy , Awad Nader , Nuwayhid Fadi , Redwig Frank , Rashid Prem , Woo Henry H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroduction:  Photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) is widely used to treat benign prostatic obstruction (BPO), but there is little experience reported on the new more powerful 180W lithium triborate (LBO) laser. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of using the 180W LBO laser to treat BPO by examining a multicentre Australian experience.Methods:  Retrospective review of prospectively collected data on all men treated by 180W LBO laser PVP by eight urologists across six Australian hospitals, from July 2011 to August 2011, was performed. Perioperative and functional outcomes were examined at baseline and 3 months.Results:  Of the 85 men (median age 70 years, prostate volume 51 cm3) identified, 27% (23/85) were in urinary retention and 44% (37/85) were taking antiplatelet/anticoagulant medication. Median operating time was 46 min, laser time 27 min, energy use 211 kJ, post‐operative duration of catheterization 15 h and hospitalization 22 h. Functional outcomes from baseline to 3 months, respectively, were for IPSS 25–7; QoL 5–2; Qmax 7.7–18.4; and PVR 147–38. All improvements were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Thirty‐eight per cent (32/85) of patients experienced at least one adverse event. Most adverse events were low Clavien–Dindo grade I–II. There were five grade III, two grade IV and no grade V adverse events. Sixty per cent (51/85) of men were able to be discharged home voiding successfully without a catheter within 24‐h post‐PVP.Conclusions:  Our early multicentre Australian experience indicates the 180W LBO laser PVP is an efficacious and safe treatment for BPO.