bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quorum Sensing in Plaque Biofilms: Challenges and Future Prospects
Authors: Biradar Baswaraj , Devi Prapulla 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
This review intends to provide a brief overview regarding quorum sensing among bacteria in biofilms and also attempts to throw light on the new research focusing on interference with the quorum sensing.

Background
Dental plaque is an example of microbial biofilm leading to periodontal disease and dental caries. Quorum sensing is widely employed by a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species to coordinate various activities in biofilms. Quorum-sensing-interfering compounds have either a positive or a negative effect on the expression of bacterial phenotypes regulated by quorum sensing. These studies of bacterial quorum sensing have also suggested several ideal targets for drug design which can be promising in preventive and therapeutic aspects of periodontal diseases and dental caries.

Results
Studies have shown that periodontal disease and dental caries is caused by plaque biofilm bacteria. Quorum sensing is the means of communication between these bacteria to regulate a wide range of behavior patterns among them. The in vitro studies reviewed here have a vital role in opening up this field, because they reveal the basic machinery of cell—cell signaling in microbial communities. The signal machinery bacteria use to coordinate a variety of their activities is identified by these studies.
Further, this review aims to discuss several natural and synthetic methods which were used for manipulating bacterial quorum sensing.

Conclusion
The future challenge lies in the ability of the dental research to develop additional mechanisms for interfering with bacterial quorum sensing which can be used as preventive and therapeutic tools for combating oral polymicrobial diseases.

Clinical significance
This article aims at reviewing the literature and helping us to understand the ways of communication among bacteria in biofilms, which further open up the prospects in the treatment of diseases caused by biofilms.

How to cite this article
Biradar B, Devi P. Quorum Sensing in Plaque Biofilms: Challenges and Future Prospects. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(6):479-485.
Intentional Replantation: A Procedure as a Last Resort
Authors: Jafarzadeh Hamid , Rouhani Armita , Javidi Babak , Habibi Morteza 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAimTo address the indications, contraindications, surgical procedure, complications following treatment, factors influencing the results and success rate of intentional replantation procedure.BackgroundIntentional replantation is extraction of a tooth to do extraoral root canal therapy, curettage of apical lesion when present, and its replacement in its socket. It has been proposed as an alternative to routine extraction; however, it should be considered a last resort because the root may be fractured during extraction.ResultsThe success rate of intentional replantation is far below than routine endodontic treatment or apical surgery. Difficultness of tooth extraction, the possibility of fracture during extraction and the risk of external resorption are some limitations of this treatment. The most common causes of failure in intentionally replanted teeth are external inflammatory resorption or replacement resorption and ankylosis caused by periodontal ligament damage.ConclusionThe success rate up to 95% with an average retention of 3 to 5 years, has been reported.Clinical significanceIn some cases, endodontic retreatment or apical surgery is impossible or impractical. In these situations, intentional replantation may be considered as a last resort for preserving the tooth, so all clinicians should know about its indications/contraindications, surgical procedure and complications following treatment.How to cite this articleRouhani A, Javidi B, Habibi M, Jafarzadeh H. Intentional Replantation: A Procedure as a Last Resort. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(6):486-492.
Treatment of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion with Myofunctional Trainer System in Early Mixed Dentition Period
Authors: Tripathi Nandini B , Patil Smita Nimbalkar 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
Dentofacial growth interferences, caused by abnormal lip and tongue function in the mixed dentition period are a common clinical condition. The main purpose of the treatment in such cases is to eliminate oral dysfunction, establish muscular balance and correct or diminish maxillary incisor protrusion. The position of the teeth is determined by the lip and tongue pressure. Lip function may have been the cause of forcing teeth in to malposition they occupy. The case report is presented where the myofunctional trainer T4K is used during growth phase.

How to cite this article
Tripathi NB, Patil SN. Treatment of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion with Myofunctional Trainer System in Early Mixed Dentition Period: J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(6):497-500.
Infecção do Trato Urinário e Cateterismo Vesical: Aspectos Profiláticos e Laboratoriais
Authors: Kluczynik Caroline Evelin Nascimento , Solano Gabriela Beserra , Lima Martha Priscila Dantas de , Catão Raïssa Mayer Ramalho 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTObjective: to check the prevalence of microorganisms isolated and described some procedures needed for prevention and diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTI) when associated with bladder catheterization. Method: this is about a bibliographic study whose sources correspond to articles, books and manuals related to the theme. Results: the most prevalent organisms were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp. and Enterobacter sp. Conclusions: given the foregoing, it’s observed that the evaluation of these patients should be continuous, on suspicion of UTI the laboratorial exams should be prescribed and the samples should be collected by competent professional to facilitate and make more precise plan for the treatment of patients with this type of infection. Descriptors: infection; urinary tract; catheter; tests; laboratorial research.RESUMOObjetivos: verificar a prevalência dos microrganismos isolados e descrever alguns procedimentos necessários para prevenção e diagnóstico da infecção do trato urinário (ITU) quando associados ao cateterismo vesical. Métodos: este estudo tem cunho bibliográfico, suas fontes correspondem aos artigos, livros e manuais pertinentes ao tema. Resultados: os microrganismos mais prevalentes foram Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp. e Enterobacter sp. Conclusão: diante do exposto, observa-se que a avaliação destes pacientes deve ser contínua, em suspeita de ITU os exames laboratoriais devem ser prescritos e as amostras devem ser coletadas por profissional competente, a fim de facilitar e tornar mais precisa o plano de tratamento do paciente com este tipo de infecção. Descritores: infecção; trato urinário; cateter; exames; investigação laboratorial.RESUMENObjetivo: verificar la prevalencia de los microorganismos aislados y describir algunos de los procedimientos necesarios para la prevención y diagnóstico en la infecciones del aparato urinario (IAU) cuando se asocian con el cateterismo vesical. Métodos: El estudio fue de naturaleza bibliográfica, a partir de artículos científicos, libros y manuales pertinentes al tema. Resultados: los organismos más prevalentes fueron Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp. y Enterobacter sp. Conclusiones: Se observa que la avaluación de esos pacientes debe ser continua en los casos que se sospeche de infecciones urinarias, con prescripción de exámenes de laboratorio, destacándose que las muestras deben ser colectadas por profesionales competentes, para que el plano de tratamiento del paciente sea precisa. Descriptores: infección; aparato urinario; catéter; investigación laboratorial.
A Fickian Approach for Wax Blooming from Vulcanized Rubber
Authors: Hoei Yoshio 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The so-called “blooming” of additives in rubber is a general phenomenon of practical importance. Yet, it is still not fully understood and requires further investigation. Based on this, we have developed a more general kinetic model for blooming of a crystallizable additive in rubber. This model expects that it should be caused primarily by the melting of the crystal particles ascribed to local melting point depression, thereby occurring with a decrease in elastic stress induced around them. It can particularly determine an initial diffusion coefficient of the additive during blooming from data fitting. This was done using previously acquired literature data on certain vulcanizates with a wax, studied in a wide range of network densities. From the results obtained, the model is thought to be valid enough to explain the blooming mechanism.
Nonlinear Viscoelasticity of (Unvulcanized) Natural Rubber, Derived Materials, and Compounds Through LAOS Testing
Authors: Leblanc Jean L. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) is by far the most important elastic material but its production specifications remain relatively poor when compared to synthetic elastomers. The so-called technically specified NR grades (i.e., technically specified rubber) are indeed characterized with respect to basic rubber test techniques, such as the Mooney viscosity, the (Wallace) plasticity (P0), and the Plasticity Retention Index, but high elasticity grades like ribbed smoked sheets are classified with respect to visual inspection criteria only. In addition, NR exhibits by nature more variation than synthetic polymers, owing to inevitable production differences from around 50 different clones of Hevea Brasiliensis, which are further enhanced by climate, soil, and other local effects, as well as seasonal effects on tapping. Most rubber processing operations occur at high rates of strain, and therefore it is essentially the nonlinear viscoelastic response of rubber materials that is of interest. This prompted the development of advanced investigation testing, such as large amplitude oscillatory strain (LAOS) experiments, which over the last decade were developed into powerful techniques to document the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of polymer materials. First, the standard rheological tests for characterizing gum NR grades are briefly reviewed and discussed. Second, the equipment, test protocols, data treatment, and results modeling necessary to apply nonlinear viscoelastic testing are presented. Third, a number of LAOS experimental results obtained on various grades of NR, on a few chemically modified NR materials, and on two carbon black-filled NR compounds are reported and discussed.
Understanding Wet Skid Resistance Testing with the British Pendulum Skid Tester: Analysis of Sliding Noise from Various Filled Compounds
Authors: Pan Xiao-Dong , Zakelj Paul , Adams Cara , Neil Akiko , Chaplin Greg 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The British pendulum skid tester (BPST) has been widely adopted for laboratory characterization of wet skid resistance (WSR) for rubber compounds. However, testing results are not yet well explained with material properties. For filled compounds made of the same styrene-butadiene rubber, on a Portland cement concrete surface wetted with water, WSR for compounds filled with inorganic oxides is higher than WSR for compounds filled with carbon black at the same filler volume fraction. However, such difference in WSR is eliminated under ethanol lubrication. Difference in WSR remains under ethanol lubrication between compounds filled with a reinforcing filler and compounds filled with a nonreinforcing filler. Accepting that dynamic deformation of rubber occurs in the frequency range between 103 and 106 Hz during testing with the BPST, loss tangent for the compounds is measured at various low temperatures but fails to correlate with WSR detected under water lubrication. Modification of bulk viscoelasticity from ethanol absorption should not be neglected for consideration of WSR under ethanol lubrication. During testing with the BPST, sliding noise generated by the assemblage of the spring and lever system in the pendulum with a rubber slider attached is captured under varied lubrication conditions. Both viscoelastic properties of rubber compounds and lubrication condition significantly affect sliding noise. However, no strict correlation between the intensity of sliding noise and WSR is observed. From frequency domain analysis, major components of the sliding noise lie in the frequency range between 500 and 5000 Hz for most compounds. For better understanding on testing with the BPST, modes of material deformation during dynamic sliding on a wet rough surface need to be further scrutinized.
External Beam Radiation Therapy for PTFE Dialysis Grafts: A Pilot Study
Authors: Roy-Chaudhury Prabir , Duncan Heather J. , Zuckerman Darryl , Faiyaz Rashid , Munda Rino , Kant Shashi , Kelly Burnett , Narayana Ashwatha 
Published: January 2012

Purpose The aim of this study was to identify the effects of external beam radiation on PTFE dialysis graft dysfunction. Methods Seven patients who underwent PTFE dialysis graft angioplasty were randomized to receive either two 8 Gy doses of external beam radiation or no radiation. The primary endpoint was time to graft thrombosis with a secondary endpoint of time to first intervention. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in either of the endpoints, although grafts in the radiation group had a shorter time to thrombosis or intervention. Conclusions Our results demonstrate technical feasibility for use of external beam radiation in the setting of dialysis vascular access graft dysfunction. Larger randomized studies are required to identify whether there is a clinical benefit from this intervention.
Five Years of Vascular Access Stenosis Surveillance by Blood Flow Rate Measurements during Hemodialysis Using the Delta-H Method
Authors: Roca-Tey Ramón , Samon Rosa , Ibrik Omar , Roda Empar , González-Oliva Juan Carlos , Martínez-Cercós Román , Viladoms Jordi 
Published: January 2012

Purpose To report experience over five years of vascular access (VA) stenosis surveillance. Methods We prospectively monitored the blood flow rate (QA) of 145 VA in 131 ESRD (age 62.6 ±13.5 y) patients (pts). QA measurement: within the first hour of the hemodialysis (HD) session by the Delta-H method using the Crit Line III Monitor. All VA with baseline QA < 700 mL/min or decreased > 20% from baseline over time met the positive evaluation (PE) criteria and were referred for angiography (AG) plus elective intervention if stenosis ≥ 50%. Results We found 54 cases of PE in 47 VA; the AG was performed in 87% (47/54) cases of PE and most of them (43/47, positive predictive value: 91.5%) showed significant stenosis (mean degree 80.5 ±12.9%). Mean QA increased from 554.7±107.6 mL/min to 977.9 ± 359.9 mL/min just before versus after preventive intervention (P<.001). Without difference when comparing the highest QA reported before stenosis development (889.8 ± 409.5 mL/min) and the QA recorded just post-intervention (P=.18). Kt/V index: improved from 1.43 ± 0.22 to 1.49 ± 0.21 just before versus after intervention (P=.006). Conclusions 1) The Delta-H technique is an accurate method for early diagnosis of VA stenosis and is useful in monitoring the hemodynamic effect of elective VA treatment. 2) After preventive intervention for stenosis, functional VA status is restored and HD delivery is improved.
Carbon nanofiber paper and its effect on cure kinetics of low temperature epoxy resin
Authors: Movva Siva , Ouyang Xilian , Castro Jose , Lee L. James 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this study, the preparation, properties, and characterization of thin films or “nanopapers” of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were studied. Specifically, a layer‐by‐layer nanopaper preparation method was used, which significantly improved the mechanical properties of nanopapers. The effect of CNF nanopaper on the cure kinetics of a low temperature epoxy resin was studied. A modified autocatalytic model was used to represent the reaction kinetics. It was found that the presence of CNF nanopaper substantially increased the resin reaction rate and final conversion. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of welding parameters on the heat affected zone and the mechanical properties of friction stir welded poly(ethylene‐terephthalate‐glycol)
Authors: Kiss Z. , Czigány T. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe bond strength and the heat affected zone (HAZ) of friction stir welded seams made of poly(ethylene‐terephthalate‐glycol) are analyzed in the article. The seams were prepared with various settings (rotation speed and feeding rate) and with various welding tools. Using the welding parameters (rotation speed, the feed rate, and the tool diameter) a K‐factor characterizing the welding process was defined. The novel K factor is related to the welding heat input, which is in direct correlation with both the range of the HAZ and the mechanical properties of the seam. The HAZ formed was analyzed by stress optical method, the mechanical properties by flexural test. It has been demonstrated that the efficiency factor of the welded joint is closely related to the width of the HAZ and it depends on the welding parameters and the tools. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Relationship between tensile properties and ballistic performance of poly(ethylene naphthalate) woven and nonwoven fabrics
Authors: Afshari Mehdi , Chen Peng , Kotek Richard 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effect of tensile properties of poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) yarns on the ballistic performance of woven and nonwoven soft and composite armors. The results of ballistic tests of PEN armors were compared with Kevlar 49 armors as a reference. Based on these results, the Cunniff's equation was revised by removing the fiber elongation at break to predict the relationship between tensile properties and ballistic performances of PEN fibers. The calculations showed that by increasing tenacity of PEN fibers from 8.5 g/den (commercial product) to 12.5 g/den (strongest up to date PEN fibers produced by a novel melt spinning process discovered by our research group), the weight ratio of PEN to Kevlar 49 decreased from 1.8 to 1.35 with the same ballistic performance. Contrary to the results of the soft armors, composite armors made of high modulus PEN woven fabric showed a 17% lower ballistic resistance compared to the composite armor made of low modulus PEN woven fabric. The results of ballistic tests indicated that high tenacity PEN fibers produced in this research could have potential in soft and composite armors, and high velocity impact applications or improve performance of PEN in its current applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Silver‐coated wool yarns with durable antibacterial properties
Authors: Pollini M. , Paladini F. , Licciulli A. , Maffezzoli A. , Nicolais L. , Sannino A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe use of fabrics with antibacterial properties for commodity applications can provide numerous advantages such as a reduction in the release of odors due to bacterial proliferation in sweat and a reduction in the development of skin hypersensitivity reactions due to microorganisms trapped into the fabrics. Silver is one of the most effective antibacterial agents used for the high degree of biocompatibility and for its long‐term antibacterial effectiveness against many different bacterial strains. In this study, an innovative technique for the deposition of nanosilver antibacterial coating on woolen fiber was analyzed. In particular, fabrics woven with different percentages of silver‐treated fibers were compared to determine the best ratio preserving the antibacterial activity and optimizing the cost‐effectiveness of the final product. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a uniform distribution of silver nanoclusters on the fibers. The impressive silver coating stability and durability were demonstrated after several washing cycles through thermogravimetric analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the silver‐treated substrates was evaluated by antibacterial tests onEscherichia coli. A very strong antibacterial activity was found even in presence of the lower silver content; therefore, a blend of coated and uncoated fibers is proposed for practical applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Curing octaepoxysilsesquioxane with different curing agents
Authors: Zhang Zengping , Liang Guozheng , Fang Changqing , Pei Jianzhong , Chen Shuanfa 
Published: January 2012

AbstractOctaepoxysilsesquioxane (POSS‐Ep) was first synthesized by the hydrolysis and condensation of γ‐[(2,3)‐epoxypropoxy]propyltrimethoxysilicane (KH‐560) with the presence of ethanol and HCl at 55°C for 72 h. Then, it was cured with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) and methylnadic anhydride (MNA), respectively. The curing reactions between POSS‐Ep and DDS or MNA were investigated by FTIR. Thermal stability of the cured nanocomposites was studied by TGA. The micromophologies of the obtained hybrids were observed by SEM. FTIR results show that POSS‐Ep can be cured completely with DDS or MNA to obtain the final organic–inorganic (O–I) hybrids after the same experimental curing cycle: 120°C/2 h + 140°C/2 h + 160°C/2 h + 180°C/2 h + 200°C/2 h. TGA results show that POSS‐Ep/DDS hybrid displays better thermal stability than that of POSS‐Ep/MNA hybrid. Initial thermal degradation temperature (Tdi) of POSS‐Ep/DDS hybrid is 420°C, 195°C higher than that of POSS‐Ep/MNA (225°C). SEM images of the fracture surfaces of the hybrids suggest the cured POSS‐Ep possesses good mechanical properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Correlation between viscoelasticity, microstructure, and molecular properties of zein and pennisetin melts
Authors: Gómez‐Martínez D. , Altskär A. , Stading M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCereals are a large source of biopolymers, where mainly the starch is used for food and feed. A rapidly growing cereal application is the production of biofuel, mainly produced from corn in the US. The starch is fermented to ethanol leaving spent grain rich in cereal proteins as a by‐product. The corn protein zein is currently extracted on a large scale and used in, for example, material applications. Similarly, pennisetin can be extracted from pearl millet, a crop critical for food security in sub‐Saharan Africa. The formation of viscoelastic melts is crucial for (bio)plastics production and the viscoelasticity, microstructure, and molecular properties of zein and pennisetin melts were determined here. The proteins were mixed with plasticizers (polyethyleneglycol or glycerol/citric acid) to form melts. The melts displayed a phase separated microstructure with protein‐rich and plasticizer‐rich regions with distinctly separate Tgs. The pennisetin melts formed cross‐links at temperatures above 60°C, which could be related to the high content of cysteine and methionine, as compared to zein. As a consequence, pennisetin melts showed a more thermocomplex behavior than zein melts. For zein melts, the mixture of glycerol and citric acid interacted with protein in addition to being a plasticizer causing a high‐molecular weight shoulder in the molecular weight distribution. The study showed that, although both zein and pennisetin form viscoelastic melts, the choice of plasticizer strongly affects both melt structure and physical properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012