bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of PKCζ translocation in the development of type 2 diabetes in rats following continuous glucose infusion
Authors: Zhang Jing‐fang , Yang Jing‐ping Ou , Wang Guang‐hao , Xia Zhengyuan , Duan Sheng Zhong , Wu Yong 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAimWe investigated the molecular mechanisms of hyperglycaemia‐induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in rats receiving a continuous glucose infusion (GI).MethodsFemale Wistar rats were infused with either 2.8 mol/L glucose or saline (2 mL/h) for durations varying from 0 to 15 days. Blood samples were analysed daily to determine glucose and insulin dynamics. Subsets of animals were sacrificed and solues muscles were extracted for determination of protein expression, subcellular location, and activities of insulin‐signalling proteins.ResultsRats accommodated this systemic glucose oversupply and developed insulin resistance on day 5 (normoglycaemia/hyperinsulinaemia) and type 2 diabetes on day 15 (hyperglycaemia/normoinsulinaemia). The effect of GI on protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ) activity was independent of changes in phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase activity, and occurred in parallel with an increase in PDK1 activity. Activated PKCζ was mainly located in the cytosol after 5 days of GI that was coincident with the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, and normoglycaemia. After 15 days of GI, PKCζ translocated from the cytosol to the plasma membrane with a concomitant decrease in PDK1 activity. This caused an increase in the association between PKCζ and PKB and a decrease in PDK1–PKB reactions at the plasma membrane, leading to reduced PKB activity. The activity of PKCζ per se was also compromised. The PKCζ and PKB activity reduction and the blunted insulin‐stimulated GLUT4 translocation eventually led to hyperglycaemia and diabetes.ConclusionTranslocation of PKCζ may play a central role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid discrimination of single‐nucleotide mismatches based on reciprocating flow on a compact disc microfluidic device
Authors: Li Chunyu , Li Hongjing , Qin Jianhua , Lin Bingcheng 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this study, a compact disc (CD) microfluidic device based on reciprocating flow is developed for the rapid discrimination of single‐nucleotide mismatch (SNM). This device consists of a PDMS CD slab containing eight SNM assay units and a glass substrate immobilized with DNA probe array. The rapid SNM assay is realized by two‐step controllable reciprocating flow in the microchannel, resulting from centrifugal force and capillary action as well. A perfect‐match probe and three mismatched probes containing a SNM at various positions were designed to investigate the ability of this device to discriminate SNM. Based on the difference between the dissociation kinetics of perfect‐match and mismatched duplexes, this CD device was able to discriminate SNM within 400 s. Moreover, only sub‐microliter volume DNA samples (350 nL) and washing buffers (350 nL) were required per assay unit. The results indicate that this device has the potential to be used for fast, accurate gene diagnostics, especially for the detection of SNPs.
Electrophoresis microchip with integrated waveguides for simultaneous native UV fluorescence and absorbance detection
Authors: Ohlsson Pelle D. , Ordeig Olga , Mogensen Klaus B. , Kutter Jörg P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSimultaneous label‐free detection of UV absorbance and native UV‐excited fluorescence in an electrophoresis microchip is presented. UV transparent integrated waveguides launch light at a wavelength of 254 nm from a mercury lamp along the length of a 1‐mm long detection cell. Transmitted UV light is collected by another waveguide in the opposite end of the detection cell, while visible fluorescence is collected vertically through the lid of the chip. The background of scattered excitation light is suppressed by detection perpendicular to the excitation, the limited UV transparency of the borosilicate lid and by choosing a PMT insensitive to the excitation light. This way, the need for a fluorescence filter is eliminated. Calibration curves were measured for serotonin, tryptophan, propranolol and acetaminophen, and separations of the four compounds were demonstrated by electrophoresis and MEKC. All compounds could be detected in the micromolar range by absorbance detection, but fluorescence detection improved detection limits for compounds displaying native UV fluorescence up to ten times. The simultaneous detection also proved useful for the identification of compounds with similar retention times and even enables accurate quantification of co‐eluting compounds.
Accounting for uncertainty in DEMs from repeat topographic surveys: improved sediment budgets
Authors: Wheaton Joseph M. , Brasington James , Darby Stephen E. , Sear David A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRepeat topographic surveys are increasingly becoming more affordable, and possible at higher spatial resolutions and over greater spatial extents. Digital elevation models (DEMs) built from such surveys can be used to produce DEM of Difference (DoD) maps and estimate the net change in storage terms for morphological sediment budgets. While these products are extremely useful for monitoring and geomorphic interpretation, data and model uncertainties render them prone to misinterpretation. Two new methods are presented, which allow for more robust and spatially variable estimation of DEM uncertainties and propagate these forward to evaluate the consequences for estimates of geomorphic change. The first relies on a fuzzy inference system to estimate the spatial variability of elevation uncertainty in individual DEMs while the second approach modifies this estimate on the basis of the spatial coherence of erosion and deposition units. Both techniques allow for probabilistic representation of uncertainty on a cell‐by‐cell basis and thresholding of the sediment budget at a user‐specified confidence interval. The application of these new techniques is illustrated with 5 years of high resolution survey data from a 1 km long braided reach of the River Feshie in the Highlands of Scotland. The reach was found to be consistently degradational, with between 570 and 1970 m3 of net erosion per annum, despite the fact that spatially, deposition covered more surface area than erosion. In the two wetter periods with extensive braid‐plain inundation, the uncertainty analysis thresholded at a 95% confidence interval resulted in a larger percentage (57% for 2004–2005 and 59% for 2006–2007) of volumetric change being excluded from the budget than the drier years (24% for 2003–2004 and 31% for 2005–2006). For these data, the new uncertainty analysis is generally more conservative volumetrically than a standard spatially‐uniform minimum level of detection analysis, but also produces more plausible and physically meaningful results. The tools are packaged in a wizard‐driven Matlab software application available for download with this paper, and can be calibrated and extended for application to any topographic point cloud (x,y,z). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The transcription factor SP1 regulates centriole function and chromosomal stability through a functional interaction with the mammalian target of rapamycin/raptor complex
Authors: Astrinidis Aristotelis , Kim Jiyoon , Kelly Crystal M. , Olofsson Beatrix A. , Torabi Behzad , Sorokina Elena M. , Azizkhan‐Clifford Jane 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSpecificity protein 1 (SP1) is an essential transcription factor implicated in the regulation of genes that control multiple cellular processes, including cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA damage. Very few nontranscriptional roles for SP1 have been reported thus far. Using confocal microscopy and centrosome fractionation, we identified SP1 as a centrosomal protein. Sp1‐deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts and cells depleted of SP1 by RNAi have increased centrosome number associated with centriole splitting, decreased microtubule nucleation, chromosome misalignment, formation of multipolar mitotic spindles and micronuclei, and increased incidence of aneuploidy. Using mass spectrometry, we identified P70S6K, an effector of the mTOR/raptor (mTORC1) kinase complex, as a novel interacting protein of SP1. We found that SP1‐deficient cells have increased phosphorylation of the P70S6K effector ribosomal protein S6, suggesting that SP1 participates in the regulation of the mTORC1/P70S6K/S6 signaling pathway. We previously reported that aberrant mTORC1 activation leads to supernumerary centrosomes, a phenotype rescued by the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin. Similarly, treatment with rapamycin rescued the multiple centrosome phenotype of SP1‐deficient cells. Taken together, these data strongly support the hypothesis that SP1 is involved in the control of centrosome number via regulation of the mTORC1 pathway, and predict that loss of SP1 function can lead to aberrant centriole splitting, deregulated mTORC1 signaling, and aneuploidy, thereby contributing to malignant transformation. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
microRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia: Expression patterns, correlations with genetic and clinical parameters, and prognostic significance
Authors: Wieser Rotraud , Scheideler Marcel , Hackl Hubert , Engelmann Maria , Schneckenleithner Christine , Hiden Karin , Papak Christine , Trajanoski Zlatko , Sill Heinz , Fonatsch Christa 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease of hematopoietic cells whose emergence, course, and prognosis is affected by specific recurrent genetic alterations like chromosome aberrations and point mutations, as well as by changes in the expression of certain genes. In the past 2 years, microRNAs (miRNAs)—a novel class of small RNA molecules involved in posttranscriptional gene regulation—have also been shown to be aberrantly expressed in AML. Furthermore, specific miRNA expression patterns were found to be associated with certain genetic and cytogenetic alterations in this disease, and two studies identified miRNAs whose expression levels were predictive of survival. Interestingly, the results of these analyses showed only very limited congruence. This review summarizes published reports on the expression patterns of miRNAs in AML, and discusses possible reasons for the differences in their results. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A microbial fuel cell–electro‐oxidation system for coking wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation
Authors: Huang Liping , Yang Xianhai , Quan Xie , Chen Jingwen , Yang Fenglin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Coking wastewater is generated from coal coking, coal gas purification, and by‐product recovery processes. Increased interest is being focused on finding more sustainably effective and energy‐efficient methods for treating this wastewater. In this work, a system termed microbial fuel cell‐electro‐oxidation (MFC‐EO) was developed for simultaneous coking wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation.RESULTS: Raw coking wastewater was first treated using MFCs. Power production, removal of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and total nitrogen (TN) reached 538 ± 9 mW m−2, 52 ± 1% and 50 ± 1%, respectively. Wastewater strength and phosphate addition were evaluated for the enhancement of power production and treatment efficiency. At the EO stage, the effect of current density and chloride concentration on pollutant abatement, current efficiency (CEEO) and energy consumption (ECEO) were investigated. The overall removal of TCOD and TN was 82 ± 1% and 68 ± 1%, respectively using the MFC‐EO process.CONCLUSIONS: A MFC‐EO process was developed for the first time for simultaneous bioelectricity generation and coking wastewater treatment. This study attempted to combine MFCs with a conventional EO process for coking wastewater treatment. Further strategies need to be investigated to optimize reactor configuration using low‐cost and highly efficient electrode materials. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Contrast‐enhanced sonography in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia: Case report
Authors: Giannetti Andrea , Biscontri Marco , Randisi Paola , Cortese Bernardo , Minacci Chiara , Stumpo Michela 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAcute mesenteric ischemia is a serious condition associated with high mortality. Multislice CT and magnetic resonance angiography have proved accurate in diagnosing this pathology, which requires a prompt diagnosis to start appropriate therapy. We report the case of an 87‐year‐old woman with acute mesenteric ischemia, in whom contrast‐enhanced sonography visualized the occluded superior mesenteric artery and the infarcted portion of the intestine. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
U.S. physician satisfaction: A systematic review
Authors: Scheurer Danielle , McKean Sylvia , Miller Joseph , Wetterneck Tosha 
Published: December 2009

AbstractINTRODUCTION:There is concern in the US about the burden and potential ramifications of dissatisfaction among physicians. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the literature on US physician satisfaction.METHODS:A MEDLINE search with the medical subject headings (MeSH) phrases: (physicians OR physician's role OR physician's women) AND (job satisfaction OR career satisfaction OR burnout), limited to humans and abstracts, with 1157 abstracts reviewed. After exclusions by 2 independent reviewers, 97 articles were included. Physician type sampled, sample size/response rate, satisfaction type, and satisfaction results were extracted for each study. Satisfaction trends were extracted from those studies with longitudinal or repeated cross sectional design. Variables associated with satisfaction were extracted from those studies that included multivariate analyses.RESULTS:Physician satisfaction was relatively stable, with small decreases primarily among primary care physicians (PCPs). The major pertinent mediating factors of satisfaction for hospitalists include both physician factors (age and specialty), and job factors (job demands, job control, collegial support, income, and incentives).CONCLUSIONS:The majority of factors associated with satisfaction are modifiable. Tangible recommendations for measuring and diminishing dissatisfaction are given. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:560–570. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Periprocedural antithrombotic management: A review of the literature and practical approach for the hospitalist physician
Authors: Vinik Russell , Wanner Nathan , Pendleton Robert C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMany patients who are on long‐term antithrombotic therapy (e.g. warfarin and/or antiplatelet agents) must be assessed for temporary discontinuation for a procedure or surgery, making this a salient topic for the hospitalist physician. Discontinuation of antithromhotic therapy can place patients at increased risk of thromboembolic complications while continuing antithrombotic therapy can increase procedure‐related bleeding risk. Bridging anticoagulation with heparin or low molecular weight heparins is often used in the periprocedural period, but a great deal of uncertainty exists about how and when to use bridging anticoagulation. Because there is very little Level 1 evidence to define optimal care, both clinical practice and expert consensus guideline opinions vary. For the hospitalist, it is of critical importance to understand the available data, controversies, and management options in order to approach patient care rationally. This review provides a step‐wise literature‐based discussion addressing the following four questions: (1) What is the optimal management of antiplatelet therapy in the periprocedural period? (2) Are there very low bleeding risk procedures that do not require interruption of oral anticoagulation? (3) Are there low thromboembolic risk populations who do not require periprocedural bridging? (4) How do you manage patients who must discontinue anti‐coagulants but are at an increased thrombotic risk? Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:551–559. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Sources of learning in student leadership development programming
Authors: Allen Scott J. , Hartman Nathan S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe authors combine Conger's four approaches to leadership development with 20 sources of learning commonly found in student leadership development activities. The first study asked students to share how they think they would like to learn about leadership. In other words, which sources of learning would a student select to improve leadership skill training, from a broad list of options? The second study asked the same questions but occurred on the final day of three multiday leadership institutes. Students showed a preference for developmental activities where the primary learning objective was personal growth and skill building. Students also had a preference for personalized developmental opportunities over activities designed for general group‐oriented development.
Participation and communication in virtual teams using representational avatars
Authors: Hammon V. Arthur , Winsten‐Bartlett Cheryl 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe study examined how quantitative formative assessment tools may be applied to virtual team communication and provide quality and progress metrics to virtual team leaders. Representational avatars benefit virtual team communication and productivity. Organizational leaders need measurement tools to assess avatar innovation and monitor progress in virtual teams. A goal of this research was to supply a suite of tools to evaluate the potential for avatars to improve as well as monitor and measure virtual team participation and communication. The virtual teams were composed of students (N= 97) at the Auckland University of Technology (AUT) in New Zealand and Uppsala University in Sweden. Students enrolled in the Intelligent Business Systems (IBS) course formed teams by country and were randomly assigned to a text‐only or avatar‐enriched communication format. Survey results indicated that text‐based teams were perceived as efficient but lacking in inspired participation. Avatar‐enriched teams noted frustration with software but rated their experience as enjoyable. No significant difference in communication quality between teams was indicated, but avatar‐enriched teams posted significantly more words on weekly logbooks than text‐based teams. Recommendations include a model for data disaggregation that may be of value to improve assessment, productivity, and administrative costs of technology‐enhanced virtual teams.
Spirituality and leadership: Engaging both in higher education
Authors: Bugenhagen Marilyn J. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract“Although American higher education can justifiably take pride in its capacity to develop the student's ability to manipulate the material world through its programs in science, medicine, technology, and commerce, it has paid relatively little attention to the student's “inner” development—the sphere of values and beliefs, emotional maturity, moral development, spirituality, and self‐understanding.”—from the Foreword to Encouraging Authenticity and Spirituality in Higher Education by Alexander W. Astin and Helen S. Astin
Revisiting spiritual and emotional emptiness in American higher education
Authors: Khan Adalat 
Published: December 2009

Abstract“Although American higher education can justifiably take pride in its capacity to develop the student's ability to manipulate the material world through its programs in science, medicine, technology, and commerce, it has paid relatively little attention to the student's “inner” development—the sphere of values and beliefs, emotional maturity, moral development, spirituality, and self‐understanding.”—from the Foreword toEncouraging Authenticity and Spirituality in Higher Educationby Alexander W. Astin and Helen S. Astin
A more ideal system?
Authors: Dorr Donal 
Published: December 2009

Abstract“Although American higher education can justifiably take pride in its capacity to develop the student's ability to manipulate the material world through its programs in science, medicine, technology, and commerce, it has paid relatively little attention to the student's “inner” development—the sphere of values and beliefs, emotional maturity, moral development, spirituality, and self‐understanding.”—from the Foreword to Encouraging Authenticity and Spirituality in Higher Education by Alexander W. Astin and Helen S. Astin
Comparison of iron chelates and complexes supplied as foliar sprays and in nutrient solution to correct iron chlorosis of soybean
Authors: Rodríguez‐Lucena Patricia , Hernández‐Apaolaza Lourdes , Lucena Juan J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe application of synthetic chelates is the most efficient remedy for correcting iron (Fe) chlorosis. However, chelates are usually expensive and nondegradable products. Recently, new degradable chelates have been proposed for their use as Fe fertilizers. Also, Fe complexes cheaper than synthetic chelates and derived from natural products are also used to correct Fe deficiencies. Fifteen products, including five different synthetic chelates (Fe‐EDDS, Fe‐IDHA, and three Fe‐EDTA formulations) and ten natural complexes (humates, lignosulfonates, amino acids, glycoproteins, polyamines, citrate, and gluconate), have been compared when applied at low concentration to soybean (Glycine max L.) chlorotic plants grown in hydroponics under controlled conditions. In the first experiment, Fe compounds were applied to the nutrient solution, while in the second trial, Fe was foliar‐supplied. Dry matter, Fe concentration in shoots and roots, and SPAD values were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the Fe in the different products. In the nutrient‐solution experiment, synthetic chelates provided better plant growth, Fe concentration, and SPAD values than complexes. Among the Fe complexes, transferrin generally provided good plant responses, similar to those obtained with synthetic chelates. After foliar application, the highest regreening was observed for plants treated with synthetic chelates and amino acid complexes, but the translocation to roots only occurred for Fe lignosulfonate. Fe‐EDDS and Fe‐EDTA performed in a similar way when applied in nutrient solution or as foliar sprays.