bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of gender role on the prediction of antisocial behaviour and somatization
Authors: Castro Yessenia , Carbonell Joyce L. , Anestis Joye C. 
Published: June 2011

Background: Previous research has demonstrated a sex-differentiated relationship between antisocial behaviour and somatization. One explanation posited is that societal expectations about male and female behaviour may influence a sex-differentiated expression of a common diathesis, but this idea has not been directly tested. Aims: The current study examined the potential contribution of gender role in the prediction of antisocial and somatic symptomatology, controlling for biological sex, impulsivity and negative affect. Methods: Linear regression was used to examine the influence of gender role on somatic and antisocial symptomatology. Path analysis was used to examine whether relationships among these variables differed significantly for men and women. Participants were 349 undergraduate students in southeastern USA. Results: Masculine gender role was positively related to antisocial behaviour, while feminine gender role was negatively related to antisocial behaviour. Gender role did not predict somatization. Conclusions: Gender role may be important to the expression of antisocial behaviour, but does not influence somatic symptoms. Current findings underscore the need to consider that observed sex differences in antisocial behaviour might actually be affected by gender role, and highlight the importance of considering societal expectations of male and female behaviour when examining apparent sex differences in behaviour.
Service users’ personal experience and interpretation of mental illness: Oriental narratives
Authors: Wang Jin Yong 
Published: June 2011

Background: Service users’ perception of mental illness is vital because it points out a viable direction that practitioners can follow to fully understand service users in their own sociocultural context. Material: Qualitative research findings include mental health service users’ roles and identities, their perceptions of mental illness and their personal experiences of psychiatric stigma. Discussion: While there are similar phenomena regarding mental illness stigma between East and West, there are culturally distinctive characteristics found in Taiwan. Conclusions: Based on personal perceptions and experiences, mental health service users have interpreted illness and performed the patient role in their own way.
Self-harm and attempted suicide among UK Armed Forces personnel: Results of a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Pinder Richard J. , Iversen Amy C. , Kapur Nav , Wessely Simon , Fear Nicola T. 
Published: June 2011

Aims: Little has been reported on self-harm among the UK Armed Forces, partly due to the difficulties in recording self-harm, within an often-difficult-to-reach population. This study assesses the lifetime prevalence of attempted suicide and self-harm within currently serving and ex-service personnel of the UK Armed Forces. Methods: Telephone interviews were conducted with 821 personnel who had previously participated in the King’s Centre for Military Health Research military health study. Within the telephone interview, participants were asked about attempted suicide and episodes of self-harm. Results: A lifetime prevalence of 5.6% for intentional self-harm (self-harm or attempted suicide) was reported. Intentional self-harm was associated with psychological morbidity (in particular, post-traumatic stress disorder) and adverse experiences in childhood. Ex-service personnel reported lifetime prevalence more than double that of serving personnel (10.5% vs 4.2%, respectively). Participants reporting intentional self-harm were younger (34.4 years vs 39.8 years). Conclusion: A lifetime prevalence of 5.6% for attempted suicide and self-harm is higher than previous research has suggested. Younger service personnel, those who have experienced adversity in childhood, those with other psychological morbidity, and ex-service personnel are more likely to report self-harm behaviours.
Active steering of a tractor–semi-trailer
Authors: Odhams A M C , Roebuck R L , Jujnovich B A , Cebon D 
Published: June 2011

This paper develops a path-following steering control strategy for an articulated heavy goods vehicle. The controller steers the axles of the semi-trailer so that its rear end follows the path of the fifth wheel coupling: for all paths and all speeds. This substantially improves low-speed manoeuvrability, off-tracking, and tyre scrubbing (wear). It also increases high-speed stability, reduces ‘rearward amplification’, and reduces the propensity to roll over in high-speed transient manoeuvres. The design of a novel experimental heavy goods vehicle with three independent hydraulically actuated steering axles is presented. The path-following controller is tested on the experimental vehicle, at low and high speeds. The field test results are compared with vehicle simulations and found to agree well. The benefits of this steering control approach are quantified. In a low-speed ‘roundabout’ manoeuvre, low-speed off-tracking was reduced by 73 per cent, from 4.25 m for a conventional vehicle to 1.15 m for the experimental vehicle; swept-path width was reduced by 2 m (28 per cent); peak scrubbing tyre forces were reduced by 83 per cent; and entry tail-swing was eliminated. In an 80 km/h lane-change manoeuvre, peak path error for the experimental vehicle was 33 per cent less than for the conventional vehicle, and rearward amplification of the trailer was 35 per cent less. Increasing the bandwidth of the steering actuators improved the high-speed dynamic performance of the vehicle, but at the expense of increased oil flow.
An empirical approach to predicting heat transfer within single- and twin-skin automotive exhaust systems
Authors: Bannister C D , Brace C J , Taylor J , Brooks T , Fraser N 
Published: June 2011

This paper describes the further development of an exhaust system model based on the experimental characterization of heat transfer in a series of different pipe sections. Building on previous work published in this journal by the present authors, this study was undertaken to improve the operating range, accuracy, and usability of the original model as well as to introduce the ability to model twin-skin exhaust sections with an air gap. Convective heat transfer relationships for nine stainless steel exhaust bend sections of various wall thicknesses and radii were experimentally characterized over a range of steady state conditions. In each case a correlation between the observed Reynolds number Re and the Nusselt number Nu was developed. Based on measured experimental data, a generic model was built using MATLAB/Simulink; this model is capable of predicting the relationship between the Nusselt number and the Reynolds number for previously unseen pipe geometries falling within the experimental design range. To develop the usefulness of the model further, 15 twin-skin test sections, intended to represent a range of geometries applicable to production automotive gasoline exhaust systems, were also fabricated and characterized. Within the model, both skins of each pipe section were split into five axial elements and five radial elements with the inner and outer skins linked via the modelling of free convection and radiation between them. The predicted Reynolds–Nusselt relationships for each bend section and twin-skin configuration were validated using transient experimental data over a portion of the US06 drive cycle. The final model demonstrated an improved accuracy of exhaust gas temperature predictions, compared with the previous model iterations, with typical errors of less than ±1 per cent and a mean error over the US06 cycle of +0.2 per cent.
Space control law design in adaptive cruise control vehicles using model predictive control
Authors: Marzbanrad J , Karimian N 
Published: June 2011

Driver assistance systems (DAS) are being broadly utilized in view of the fact that driver workloads will be decreased in DAS-equipped vehicles. A variety of DASs have been designed, and adaptive cruise control (ACC), as a type of DAS, is the subject of the present paper. The ACC designers’ main concerns are to provide comfort, which is characterized by minimized jerky movement and driver workload, and safety, which is characterized by the ACC system’s collision avoidance (CA) capability within its region of operation (determined on the basis of rigorous discussions derived from the relevant literature). Furthermore, ACC designers typically use more than one control law for ACC-equipped vehicles because the ACC must react differently to variations in driving conditions. In view of these points, it may be seen that, in utilizing ACC, the driver’s operating workload will be more that of a supervisor than an operator, owing to the longitudinal automation ability of ACC. In addition, an on-line control law can operate a vehicle in all driving conditions. The space control law developed in the current paper explains the compromise between safety and comfort. ACC controllers are, typically, designed on two levels to increase the system capabilities: the upper level and the lower level. The upper-level controller comprises speed and space control laws, the latter of which computes the reference acceleration profile on the basis of the measured range, range-rate, and speed and acceleration of an ACC-equipped vehicle. Following reference acceleration, the desired range and range-rate will be achieved. The lower-level controller controls throttle and brake actuators to track the reference acceleration profile. In this paper, the desired acceleration in any time step is obtained by formulation of a constrained optimal control problem (QP) and employing a receding horizon control (RHC) strategy. Three baseline scenarios and the high-acceleration/deceleration driving cycle LA92 are considered to evaluate the control law. Note that the model predictive control (MPC) algorithm shows an advantage over other controllers in terms of safety and comfort. All working steps are executed using Matlab® software.
Gasoline partially premixed combustion, the future of internal combustion engines?
Authors: Manente V , Johansson B , Cannella W 
Published: June 2011

Gasoline partially premixed combustion showed the potential of very high efficiency, emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x) and soot below future emission regulations, and acceptable acoustic noise from idle up to 26 bar gross indicated mean effective pressure. For instance, gross indicated efficiencies in the range of 53 to 55 per cent were achieved in the whole load range keeping NO x below 0.30 g/kWh, soot below 0.30 filter smoke number (FSN), and relative maximum pressure rise rate below 8 bar/crank angle degree. The goal was achieved by developing an appropriate EGR–λ (exhaust gas recirculation/relative excess of air) combination and an advanced injection strategy, and by making minor modifications to the engine layout. The current paper presents a summary of the advantages of using gasoline-type fuels (research octane number (RON) from 80 to 69) in a heavy-duty compression ignition engine. Low-octane-number gasoline fuels were chosen because they can run from idle to maximum load without any major modification to the engine layout and because low-load operations are achievable even when the engine is cold and the inlet temperature is low. Experiments were carried out in two single-cylinder engines, Scania D12 and Scania D13, using a total of three different engine setups. The influence of different types of gasoline (RON from 99 to 69) on this novel combustion concept was analysed. A comparison between gasoline and diesel fuels is presented and the viability of reaching 50 per cent brake efficiency while keeping low emissions of NO x and soot is shown.
Model-based comparative study of Euro 6 diesel aftertreatment concepts, focusing on fuel consumption
Authors: Tourlonias P , Koltsakis G 
Published: June 2011

A model-based study is used to assess various Euro 6 diesel PM/NO x aftertreatment concepts for one specific engine and vehicle combination. The assessment focuses on fuel consumption/carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions considering the fuel penalties resulting from both a periodically regenerating system as well as a catalyst heat-up strategy. The modelling work is carried out with a complete platform for simulating transient thermal and chemical phenomena of all exhaust aftertreatment components. It is shown that, in all cases, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system requires a heat-up strategy to satisfy Euro 6 NO x emissions limits, making configurations with an SCR located upstream of the particulate filter more favourable. On the other hand, it is verified that these configurations suffer owing to the lack of passive regeneration that, in turn, increases the active regeneration frequency. The use of a catalyzed particulate filter upstream of the SCR allows for an increase in NO x conversion efficiency. The use of an heat-up strategy for SCR light-off promotes the passive regeneration effect. The benefit of using a fuel-borne catalyst (FBC) system for active regeneration is confirmed. Finally, all these aspects are quantified and the overall fuel penalty results are presented and discussed.
Increased heart rate variability during nondirective meditation
Authors: Nesvold Anders , Fagerland Morten W , Davanger Svend , Ellingsen Øyvind , Solberg Erik E , Holen Are , Sevre Knut , Atar Dan 
Published: June 2011

Purpose: Meditation practices are in use for relaxation and stress reduction. Some studies indicate beneficial cardiovascular health effects of meditation. The effects on the autonomous nervous system seem to vary among techniques. The purpose of the present study was to identify autonomic nerve activity changes during nondirective meditation. Materials and methods: Heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were monitored in 27 middle-aged healthy participants of both genders, first during 20 min regular rest with eyes closed, thereafter practising Acem meditation for 20 min. Haemodynamic and autonomic data were collected continuously (beat-to-beat) and non-invasively. HRV and BPV parameters were estimated by power spectral analyses, computed by an autoregressive model. Spontaneous activity of baroreceptors were determined by the sequence method. Primary outcomes were changes in HRV, BPV, and BRS between rest and meditation. Results: HRV increased in the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) bands during meditation, compared with rest ( p = 0.014, 0.013, respectively). Power spectral density of the RR-intervals increased as well ( p = 0.012). LF/HF ratio decreased non-significantly, and a reduction of LF-BPV power was observed during meditation ( p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in BRS. Respiration and heart rates remained unchanged. Blood pressure increased slightly during meditation. Conclusion: There is an increased parasympathetic and reduced sympathetic nerve activity and increased overall HRV, while practising the technique. Hence, nondirective meditation by the middle aged may contribute towards a reduction of cardiovascular risk.
Agammaglobulinemia associated with BCR− B cells and enhanced expression of CD19
Authors: Dobbs A. Kerry , Bosompem Amma , Coustan-Smith Elaine , Tyerman Gayle , Saulsbury Frank T. , Conley Mary Ellen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractExpression of a BCR is critical for B-cell development and survival. We have identified 4 patients with agammaglobulinemia and markedly reduced but detectable B cells in the peripheral circulation. These B cells have an unusual phenotype characterized by increased expression of CD19 but no BCR. The cells are positive for CD20, CD22, and CD38, but not for Annexin 5 or activation markers, including CD69, CD83, or CD86. EBV lines derived from these B cells lack functionally rearranged immunoglobulin heavy-chain transcripts, as shown by PCR–rapid amplification of cDNA ends (PCR-RACE). Analysis of BM from 2 of the patients showed a severe reduction in the number of pro-B cells as well as pre-B cells. Functionally rearranged heavy-chain transcripts were identified, indicating that machinery to rearrange immunoglobulin genes was intact. Flow cytometry of B-lineage cells suggested accelerated acquisition of maturation markers in early B-cell precursors and increased phosphorylation of signal transduction molecules. Further, expression of TdT, a molecule that is normally down-regulated by a functional pre-BCR complex, was decreased. We hypothesize that the accelerated maturation, increased expression of CD19, and lack of a BCR were due to the constitutive activation of the BCR signal transduction pathway in these patients.
Dynamic reorganization of flotillins in chemokine-stimulated human T-lymphocytes
Authors: Affentranger Sarah , Martinelli Sibylla , Hahn Jonas , Rossy Jérémie , Niggli Verena 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
Different types of membrane microdomains (rafts) have been postulated to be present in the rear and front of polarized migrating T-lymphocytes. Disruption of rafts by cholesterol sequestration prevents T-cell polarization and migration. Reggie/flotillin-1 and -2 are two highly homologous proteins that are thought to shape membrane microdomains. We have previously demonstrated the enrichment of flotillins in the uropod of human neutrophils. We have now investigated mechanisms involved in chemokine-induced flotillin reorganization in human T-lymphocytes, and possible roles of flotillins in lymphocyte polarization.

Results
We studied flotillin reorganization and lateral mobility at the plasma membrane using immunofluorescence staining and FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching). We show that flotillins redistribute early upon chemokine stimulation, and form very stable caps in the uropods of human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes, colocalizing with the adhesion molecule PSGL-1 and activated ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins. Chemokine-induced formation of stable flotillin caps requires integrity and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, but is not abolished by inhibitors suppressing Rho-kinase or myosin II activity. Tagged flotillin-2 and flotillin-1 coexpressed in T-lymphocytes, but not singly expressed proteins, colocalize in stable caps at the tips of uropods. Lateral mobility of coexpressed flotillins at the plasma membrane is already partially restricted in the absence of chemokine. Incubation with chemokine results in almost complete immobilization of flotillins. Capping is abolished when wild-type flotillin-1 is coexpressed with a mutant of flotillin-2 (G2A) that is unable to interact with the plasma membrane, or with a deletion mutant of flotillin-2 that lacks a putative actin-binding domain. Wild-type flotillin-2 in contrast forms caps when coexpressed with a mutant of flotillin-1 unable to interact with membranes. Transfection of T-lymphocytes with flotillin-2-G2A reduces cell polarization and uropod recruitment of endogenous flotillin-1 and PSGL-1.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that stable flotillin cap formation in the rear of polarized T-lymphocytes requires flotillin heterooligomer formation, as well as direct F-actin interactions of flotillin-2 and raft/membrane association of flotillin-2, but not -1. Our data also implicate flotillin-rich actin-dependent membrane microdomains in T-lymphocyte uropod formation.
Live in vivo imaging of Egr-1 promoter activity during neonatal development, liver regeneration and wound healing
Authors: Dussmann Philipp , Pagel Judith I , Vogel Sabina , Magnusson Terese , Zimmermann Rene , Wagner Ernst , Schaper Wolfgang , Ogris Manfred , Deindl Elisabeth 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
The zinc finger transcription factor Egr-1 (Early growth response 1) is central to several growth factors and represents an important activator of target genes not only involved in physiological processes like embryogenesis and neonatal development, but also in a variety of pathophysiological processes, for example atherosclerosis or cancer. Current options to investigate its transcription and activation in vivo are end-point measurements that do not provide insights into dynamic changes in the living organism.

Results
We developed a transgenic mouse (Egr-1-luc) in which the luciferase reporter gene is under the control of the murine Egr-1 promoter providing a versatile tool to study the time course of Egr-1 activation in vivo. In neonatal mice, bioluminescence imaging revealed a high Egr-1 promoter activity reaching basal levels three weeks after birth with activity at snout, ears and paws. Using a model of partial hepatectomy we could show that Egr-1 promoter activity and Egr-1 mRNA levels were increased in the regenerating liver. In a model of wound healing, we demonstrated that Egr-1 promoter activity was upregulated at the site of injury.

Conclusion
Taken together, we have developed a transgenic mouse model that allows real time in vivo imaging of the Egr-1 promoter activity. The ability to monitor and quantify Egr-1 activity in the living organism may facilitate a better understanding of Egr-1 function in vivo.
Expression of Tissue factor in Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: Implications for immunotherapy with hI-con1, a factor VII-IgGFcchimeric protein targeting tissue factor
Authors: Cocco Emiliano , Varughese Joyce , Buza Natalia , Bellone Stefania , Glasgow Michelle , Bellone Marta , Todeschini Paola , Carrara Luisa , Silasi Dan-Arin , Azodi Masoud , Schwartz Peter E , Rutherford Thomas J , Pecorelli Sergio , Lockwood Charles J , Santin Alessandro D 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundCervical cancer continues to be an important worldwide health problem for women. Up to 35% of patients who are diagnosed with and appropriately treated for cervical cancer will recur and treatment results are poor for recurrent disease. Given these sobering statistics, development of novel therapies for cervical cancer remains a high priority. We evaluated the expression of Tissue Factor (TF) in cervical cancer and the potential of hI-con1, an antibody-like-molecule targeted against TF, as a novel form of immunotherapy against multiple primary cervical carcinoma cell lines with squamous- and adenocarcinoma histology.MethodsBecause TF is a transmembrane receptor for coagulation factor VII/VIIa (fVII), in this study we evaluated thein vitroexpression of TF in cervical carcinoma cell lines by immunohistochemistry (IHC), real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry. Sensitivity to hI-con1-dependent cell-mediated-cytotoxicity (IDCC) was evaluated in 5-hrs-51chromium-release-assays against cervical cancer cell linesin vitro.ResultsCytoplasmic and/or membrane TF expression was observed in 8 out of 8 (100%) of the tumor tissues tested by IHC and in 100% (11 out of 11) of the cervical carcinoma cell lines tested by real-time-PCR and flow cytometry but not in normal cervical keratinocytes (p= 0.0023 qRT-PCR;p= 0.0042 flow cytometry). All primary cervical cancer cell lines tested overexpressing TF, regardless of their histology, were highly sensitive to IDCC (mean killing ± SD, 56.2% ± 15.9%, range, 32.4%-76.9%,p< 0.001), while negligible cytotoxicity was seen in the absence of hI-con1 or in the presence of rituximab-control-antibody. Low doses of interleukin-2 further increased the cytotoxic effect induced by hI-con1 (p= 0.025) while human serum did not significantly decrease IDCC against cervical cancer cell lines (p= 0.597).ConclusionsTF is highly expressed in squamous and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. hI-con1 induces strong cytotoxicity against primary cervical cancer cell lines overexpressing TF and may represent a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of cervical cancer refractory to standard treatment modalities.