bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of sulforaphane on histone deacetylases, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in normal prostate cells versus hyperplastic and cancerous prostate cells
Authors: Clarke John D. , Hsu Anna , Yu Zhen , Dashwood Roderick H. , Ho Emily 
Published: March 2011

AbstractScope: Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli. The ability of SFN to inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes may be one mechanism by which it acts as a chemoprevention agent. The ability of a chemopreventive agent to specifically cause cytotoxicity in cancer and not normal cells is an important factor in determining its safety and clinical relevance.Methods and results: We characterized the effects of SFN in normal (PrEC), benign hyperplasia (BPH1) and cancerous (LnCap and PC3) prostate epithelial cells. We observed that 15 μM SFN selectively induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in BPH1, LnCap and PC3 cells but not PrEC cells. SFN treatment also selectively decreased HDAC activity, and Class I and II HDAC proteins, increased acetylated histone H3 at the promoter for P21, induced p21 expression and increased tubulin acetylation in prostate cancer cells. HDAC6 over‐expression was able to reverse SFN‐induced cyotoxicity. In PrEC cells, SFN caused only a transient reduction in HDAC activity with no change in any other endpoints tested. The differences in sensitivity to SFN in PrEC and PC3 are likely not due to differences in SFN metabolism or differences in phase 2 enzyme induction.Conclusion: SFN exerts differential effects on cell proliferation, HDAC activity and downstream targets in normal and cancer cells.
Insight into in vivo magnetization exchange in human white matter regions
Authors: Kalantari Saeed , Laule Cornelia , Bjarnason Thorarin A. , Vavasour Irene M. , MacKay Alex L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWater exchange can play an important role in interpreting compartment‐specific magnetic resonance imaging data in brain. For example, an MR method of myelin measurement, known as myelin water fraction imaging, assumes that water exchange processes are slow compared with the measurement time scale. In this article, we examined whether water exchange processes have an effect on myelin water fraction values. A previously established four pool model of white matter was used to simulate the interactions between two aqueous compartments (myelin water and intra/extracellular water) and nonaqueous compartments (myelin and nonmyelin tissues). To extract the water exchange cross relaxation times, the Bloch equations were solved analytically. As the water exchange time scales are dependent on the spin‐lattice T1 relaxation of each of these four pools and due to the current uncertainties regarding the T1 associated with each pool, exchange cross relaxation times for three different T1 scenarios were calculated. The corrections that need to be considered in order for myelin water fraction to be an accurate marker for myelin were found to be less than 15%. This work indicates that regional variations in white matter myelin water fraction values are most likely due to variations in myelin content rather than regional differences in exchange rates. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cooperative adaptive sampling of random fields with partially known covariance
Authors: Graham Rishi , Cortés Jorge 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThis paper considers autonomous robotic sensor networks taking measurements of a physical process for predictive purposes. The physical process is modeled as a spatiotemporal random field. The network objective is to take samples at locations that maximize the information content of the data. The combination of information‐based optimization and distributed control presents difficult technical challenges as standard measures of information are not distributed in nature. Moreover, the lack of prior knowledge on the statistical structure of the field can make the problem arbitrarily difficult. Assuming the mean of the field is an unknown linear combination of known functions and its covariance structure is determined by a function known up to an unknown parameter, we provide a novel distributed method for performing sequential optimal design by a network comprised static and mobile devices. We characterize the correctness of the proposed algorithm and examine in detail the time, communication, and space complexities required for its implementation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinicopathological Features and Outcomes of Young Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Hepatectomy
Authors: Takeishi Kazuki , Shirabe Ken , Muto Jun , Toshima Takeo , Taketomi Akinobu , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThere are few reports about hepatectomy for young patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the significance of resection for young patients remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate retrospectively the clinicopathological features and outcomes after hepatectomy of young HCC patients.MethodsAmong 610 patients who underwent curative hepatectomy for HCC between January 1987 and December 2007, 13 patients younger than 40 years of age were defined as the young group. Because none of the young group had hepatitis C virus antibodies (HCVAb), 246 patients aged above 40 years without HCVAb were defined as the older group. The clinicopathological findings and outcomes after hepatectomy were compared between the two groups.ResultsIn the young group, 7 patients had hepatitis B surface antigen and 3 other patients had hepatitis B core antibodies. The young group had better liver function but more advanced HCC, with a large tumor size and a high incidence of portal vein invasion compared with the older group. Major hepatectomy was more frequently chosen in the young group than in the older group. There was no significant difference in the incidences of postoperative complications. The overall survival tended to be better in the young group than in the older group (p = 0.057).ConclusionsHepatitis B virus‐related HCC was common inthe younger group of patients reported here. Although the young patients had advanced HCC, there were no significant differences in the complication rate and the overall survival rate of the young and older groups. Aggressive hepatic resection for young patients would contribute to improved survival and should be recommended.
Clinical Quality Measures for Intraoperative and Perioperative Management in Carpal Tunnel Surgery
Authors: Nuckols Teryl K. , Gibbons Melinda Maggard , Harness Neil G. , Chang Walter T. , Chung Kevin C. , Asch Steven M. ,   The Carpal Tunnel Quality Group, Chagnon Denis , Harris Jeff , Jablecki Charles , Kilmer David , Mandell Peter , Mass Daniel , Masear Victoria , Melhorne Mark , Pho Cuong , Strain Rick 
Published: March 2011

Background Previous research documents suboptimal preoperative or postoperative care for patients undergoing surgery. However, few existing quality measures directly address the fundamental element of surgical care: intra-operative care processes. This study sought to develop quality measures for intraoperative, preoperative, and postoperative care for carpal tunnel surgery, a common operation in the USA. Methods We applied a variation of the well-established RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method. Adherence to measures developed using this method has been associated with improved patient outcomes in several studies. Hand surgeons and quality measurement experts developed draft measures using guidelines and literature. Subsequently, in a two-round modified-Delphi process, a multidisciplinary panel of 11 national experts in carpal tunnel syndrome (including six surgeons) reviewed structured summaries of the evidence and rated the measures for validity (association with improved patient outcomes) and feasibility (ability to be assessed using medical records). Results Of 25 draft measures, panelists judged 22 (88%) to be valid and feasible. Nine intraoperative measures addressed the location and extent of surgical dissection, release after wrist trauma, endoscopic release, and four procedures sometimes performed during carpal tunnel surgery. Eleven measures covered preoperative and postoperative evaluation and management. Conclusions We have developed several measures that experts, including surgeons, believe to reflect the quality of care processes occurring during carpal tunnel surgery and be assessable using medical records. Although quality measures like these cannot assess a surgeon's skill in handling the instruments, they can assess many important aspects of intraoperative care. Intraoperative measures should be developed for other procedures.
Physico‐Chemical Studies on Microemulsion: Effect of Cosurfactant Chain Length on the Phase Behavior, Formation Dynamics, Structural Parameters and Viscosity of Water/(Polysorbate‐20 + n‐Alkanol)/n‐Heptane Water‐in‐Oil Microemulsion
Authors: Paul Sujoy , Panda Amiya Kumar 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe pseudo‐ternary water‐in‐oil microemulsion system, comprising water/polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Polysorbate‐20) + n‐alkanol/n‐heptane, have been studied by phase manifestation, method of dilution, viscosity and dynamic light scattering measurements. Polysorbate‐20, in combination with equal mass of cosurfactants (of varying chain length, from n‐butanol to n‐octanol) were used in studying the systems in the temperature range 303–323 K. Appearance of turbidity was noted visually, which indicated the attainment of immiscibility or phase separation; a clear dependence of the different phases on cosurfactant chain length was noted. By employing the method of dilution, associated thermodynamic parameters for the formation of water‐in‐oil microemulsion droplets were derived. Different associated structural parameters were derived through further computation of the data derived from the method of dilution. Unusual behavior of Polysorbate‐20, compared to the conventional ionic surfactants, was noted. Viscosity measurements, as carried out with different compositions and temperatures, revealed the temperature and water pool size dependency of the microemulsion systems. Viscosity data did not follow the same trend during heating and the cooling process, due to the condensation effect. This phenomenon was further confirmed by dynamic light scattering measurements.
Bendamustine with or without rituximab in the treatment of relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: an Italian retrospective study
Authors: Iannitto Emilio , Morabito Fortunato , Mancuso Salvatrice , Gentile Massimo , Montanini Antonella , Augello Accursio , Bongarzoni Velia , D’Arco Alfonso , Di Renzo Nicola , Fazzi Rita , Franco Giovanni , Marasca Roberto , Mulè Antonino , Musso Maurizio , Musto Pellegrino , Pennese Elsa , Piccin Andrea , Rota‐Scalabrini Delia , Visani Giuseppe , Rigacci Luigi 
Published: March 2011

SummaryTo retrospectively assess the efficacy of bendamustine alone and with rituximab (R–B), 109 patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) were enrolled in 24 Italian centres. The median age was 66 years (range 39–85). Forty‐three percent of patients had relapsed and 57% were resistant (median previous therapies = 3; range 1–8). Twenty‐two patients received bendamustine alone and 87 patients received R–B (median B dosage: 100 mg/m2 per day, range 90–130 mg/m2 per day). The overall response rate was 69·6% (complete response 28·6%; partial response 41%), and was significantly higher in patients treated with R–B (P = 0·014) and in those responsive to the previous treatment (P = 0·04). After a median follow‐up of 7·9 months (range 1–148), the median progression‐free survival was 16 months and the median duration of response was 13 months. Median overall survival (OS) was 16·8 months for the whole cohort; patients not responding to the treatment had a significantly worse outcome than those who attained a response (P = 0·0001). In multivariate analysis, only resistant disease status at start of bendamustine treatment (HR 3·2, 95% CI 1·4–7·3, P = 0·006) had an independent prognostic value for OS. Toxicity was manageable and mostly haematological. In conclusion, in our experience R–B was an effective and well‐tolerated treatment for relapsed/refractory CLL patients, producing a remarkable high CR rate and mild toxicity.
Exploring the burden of emergency care: predictors of stress‐health outcomes in emergency nurses
Authors: Adriaenssens Jef , De Gucht Veronique , Van Der Doef Margot , Maes Stan 
Published: March 2011

adriaenssens j., de gucht v., van der doef m. & maes s. (2011)  Exploring the burden of emergency care: predictors of stress‐health outcomes in emergency nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing67(6), 1317–1328.AbstractAims.  This paper is a report of a study that examines (1) whether emergency nurses differ from a general hospital nursing comparison group in terms of job and organizational characteristics and (2) to what extent these characteristics predict job satisfaction, turnover intention, work engagement, fatigue and psychosomatic distress in emergency nurses.Background.  The work environment and job characteristics of nurses are important predictors of stress‐health outcomes. Emergency nurses are particularly exposed to stressful events and unpredictable work conditions.Methods.  This cross‐sectional study (N = 254) was carried out in 15 emergency departments of Belgian general hospitals in 2007–2008 by means of the Leiden Quality of Work Questionnaire for Nurses, the Checklist Individual Strength, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the Brief Symptom Inventory.Results.  Emergency nurses report more time pressure and physical demands, lower decision authority, less adequate work procedures and less reward than a general hospital nursing population. They report, however, more opportunity for skill discretion and better social support by colleagues. Work‐time demands appear to be important determinants of psychosomatic complaints and fatigue in emergency nurses. Apart from personal characteristics, decision authority, skill discretion, adequate work procedures, perceived reward and social support by supervisors prove to be strong determinants of job satisfaction, work engagement and lower turnover intention in emergency nurses.Conclusion.  Emergency departments should be screened regularly on job and organizational characteristics to identify determinants of stress‐health outcomes that can be the target of preventive interventions.
Two capsular polysaccharides enable Bacillus cereus G9241 to cause anthrax‐like disease
Authors: Oh So‐Young , Budzik Jonathan M. , Garufi Gabriella , Schneewind Olaf 
Published: March 2011

Summary Bacillus cereus G9241 causes an anthrax‐like respiratory illness in humans; however, the molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis are not known. Genome sequencing identified two putative virulence plasmids proposed to provide for anthrax toxin (pBCXO1) and/or capsule expression (pBC218). We report here that B. cereus G9241 causes anthrax‐like disease in immune‐competent mice, which is dependent on each of the two virulence plasmids. pBCXO1 encodes pagA1, the homologue of anthrax protective antigen, as well as hasACB, providing for hyaluronic acid capsule formation, two traits that each contribute to disease pathogenesis. pBC218 harbours bpsX‐H, B. cereus exo‐polysaccharide, which produce a second capsule. During infection, B. cereus G9241 elaborates both hasACB and bpsX‐H capsules, which together are essential for the establishment of anthrax‐like disease and the resistance of bacilli to phagocytosis. A single nucleotide deletion causes premature termination of hasA translation in Bacillus anthracis, which is known to escape phagocytic killing by its pXO2 encoded poly‐d‐γ‐glutamic acid (PDGA) capsule. Thus, multiple different gene clusters endow pathogenic bacilli with capsular material, provide for escape from innate host immune responses and aid in establishing the pathogenesis of anthrax‐like disease.
The stress‐activated protein kinase Hog1 develops a critical role after resting state
Authors: Escoté Xavier , Miranda Merce , Rodríguez‐Porrata Boris , Mas Albert , Cordero Ricardo , Posas Francesc , Vendrell Joan 
Published: March 2011

SummaryQuiescence is an essential process in eukaryotes. Control of cell cycle progression by stress‐activated protein kinases (SAPK) is critical for cell adaptation to extracellular stimuli. In yeast, activation of the HOG MAPK signalling pathway results in the control of cell cycle at several phases. In this manuscript, we describe the role of Hog1p modulating re‐entry into cell cycle from a resting state. Cells deficient in Hog1p activation show a delay in entering the mitotic cell cycle from the stationary phase. Furthermore, a repressible Hog1p allele (Hog1AS) presents a comparable behaviour at this phase to the deleted strain. In addition, the role of Hog1p at the stationary phase exit is not related to loss of cell viability. Moreover, when cells enter the mitotic cell cycle after being in the stationary phase, Hog1p is rapidly activated and concentrates in the nucleus where it modifies the expression of several genes. Similar results are obtained in higher eukaryotic cells by activation of p38. Thus, these results reveal a novel role of the SAPK Hog1p in the control of cell cycle progression as cells leave a resting state.
A personal epistemology: towards gender diversity
Authors: Merryfeather Lyn 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn spite of the growing public awareness of those who would identify as transgender, very little has changed in attitudes that would accord such people full approbation. The author takes the reader on a 40‐year journey of discovery that has led her to an abiding interest in and dedication to the issues faced by people who do not fit within the gender binary of Western society. As well as describing a personal experience with someone who identifies as transsexual, the author relates two troubling experiences from her nursing career. Included in the discussion are linguistics, sexuality, and vocabulary. A personal epistemology is explored that incorporates unknowing, intuition, and embodiment, and the difference this view can make to the care of those who identify as gender‐diverse.
Mature care and the virtue of integrity
Authors: Ekeberg Vigdis 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article explores the contribution of the virtue of integrity to the concept of mature care. The virtue of integrity is understood as both a personal and a social virtue. The argument is that the virtue of integrity is a necessary condition for providing mature care. An example from a psychiatric acute ward illustrates that a nurse acting with the virtue of integrity displays clear self‐boundaries and self‐respect as well as respect towards the inherent integrity of the patient. The article also addresses some problems related to lack of the virtue of integrity by discussing the problems connected to detachment and rigidity.
Parasitoid spectrum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae; Aphelinidae) of the soybean aphid Aphis glycines (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Japan and Indonesia (Java and Bali)
Authors: TAKADA Hajimu , NAKAMURA Chifumi , MIYAZAKI Masahisa 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAphidiine and aphelinid parasitoids collected from the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, on Glycine max in Japan and Indonesia (Java and Bali) were identified to clarify the parasitoid spectrum of the aphid there. Nine parasitoid species from Japan (Aphidiinae: Aphidius gifuensis, Aphidius sp., Binodoxys communis, Diaeretiella rapae, Lipolexis gracilis, Lysiphlebia japonica; Aphelinidae: Aphelinus asychis, A. gossypii, A. varipes) and two parasitoid species from Indonesia (B. communis, A. gossypii) were found to be associated with A. glycines.
Assessment of body fat in the pony: Part II. Validation of the deuterium oxide dilution technique for the measurement of body fat
Authors: DUGDALE A. H. A. , CURTIS G. C. , MILNE E. , HARRIS P. A. , ARGO C. MC. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryReasons for performing the study:Excessive accumulations or depletions of body fat have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in horses and ponies. An objective, minimally‐invasive method to accurately quantify body fat in living animals is required to aid nutritional management and define welfare/performance limits.Objectives:To compare deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution‐derived estimates of total body water (TBW) and body fat with values obtained by ‘gold standard’ proximate analysis and cadaver dissection.Hypothesis:D2O dilution offers a valid method for the determination of TBW and body fat in equids.Methods:Seven mature (mean ± s.e. 13 ± 3 years, 212 ± 14 kg, body condition scores 1.25–7/9), healthy, Welsh Mountain pony mares, destined for euthanasia (for nonresearch purposes) were used. Blood samples were collected before and 4 h after D2O (0.11–0.13 g/kg bwt, 99.8 atom percent excess) administration. Plasma was analysed by gas isotope ratio mass spectrometry following filtration and zinc reduction. After euthanasia, white adipose tissue (WAT) mass was recorded before all body tissues were analysed by proximate chemical analyses.Results:D2O‐derived estimates of TBW and body fat were strongly associated with proximate analysis‐ and dissection‐derived values (all r2>0.97, P≤0.0001). Bland‐Altman analyses demonstrated good agreements between methods. D2O dilution slightly overestimated TBW (0.79%, limits of agreement (LoA) ‐3.75–2.17%) and underestimated total body lipid (1.78%, LoA ‐0.59–4.15%) and dissected WAT (0.72%, LoA ‐2.77–4.21%).Conclusions and potential relevance:This study provides the first validation of the D2O dilution method for the minimally‐invasive, accurate, repeatable and objective measurement of body water and fat in living equids.
Particle mapping in stables at an American Thoroughbred racetrack
Authors: MILLERICK‐MAY M. L. , KARMAUS W. , DERKSEN F. J. , BERTHOLD B. , HOLCOMBE S. J. , ROBINSON N. E. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study:Airway inflammation and mucus in the trachea are common in racehorses. Fine airborne particles can initiate and coarse particles can worsen airway inflammation in man and in animal models of airway disease. The regional and seasonal distribution of particles of different sizes has never been investigated in American racing stables.Objectives:To determine the regional and seasonal concentration and number of airborne particles of different sizes in racing stables.Methods:Direct reading instruments were used to determine the mass concentration and numbers of particles 3 times daily (early morning, midday and late afternoon) in July, September and November, in 3 different racing stables.Results:Average particle concentrations were lowest in July and highest in September and November. Early morning concentrations were significantly higher than those measured throughout the rest of the day. The completely enclosed stable with little natural ventilation, had significantly higher particulate concentrations than the open‐sided stable. With regard to numbers of particles, those 2–5 µm were greatest in July and least in November; those 0.5–1.0 µm were greatest in September and least in November. Location of stall within stable also affected concentrations and numbers.Conclusions:The concentration and number of particles in sizes known to reach the lower airways varies with stable design/management, time of day, season of year and location of the stall within the stable.Potential relevance:Particle mapping is a useful tool in the identification of stables, season, and location of stalls within stables where horses may be at greater risk of exposure to offending particulates.