bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thymocyte deletion can bias Treg formation toward low‐abundance self‐peptide
Authors: Cozzo Picca Cristina , Oh Soyoung , Panarey Laura , Aitken Malinda , Basehoar Alissa , Caton Andrew J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAutoreactive CD4+ T cells can undergo deletion and/or become CD25+Foxp3+ Treg as they develop intrathymically, but how these alternative developmental fates are specified based on interactions with self‐peptide(s) is not understood. We show here that thymocytes expressing an autoreactive TCR can be subjected to varying degrees of deletion that correlate with the amount of self‐peptide. Strikingly, among thymocytes that evade deletion, similar proportions acquire Foxp3 expression. These findings provide evidence that Foxp3+ Treg can develop among members of a cohort of autoreactive thymocytes that have evaded deletion by a self‐peptide, and that deletion and Treg formation can act together to bias the Treg repertoire toward low‐abundance self‐peptide(s).
First Synthesis of meso‐Chlorinated Tetrabenzoporphyrins
Authors: Ito Satoshi , Phong Le Thanh , Komatsu Takuya , Igarashi Nagisa , Otsubo Saika , Sakai Yoshimasa , Ohno Akira , Aramaki Shinji , Tanaka Yousuke , Uno Hidemitsu , Oba Toru , Hiratani Kazuhisa 
Published: September 2009

Abstractmeso‐Chlorinated bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene‐fused porphyrins 2 (ClnTBCODPs; n = 1–4) have been synthesized by chlorination of the free base TBCODP‐H2 (1‐H2) using N‐chlorosuccinimide (NCS). The chlorinated derivatives were easily separated by column chromatography on silica gel to give 2‐H2 in good yields. This method for the chlorination of porphyrin using NCS is mild, safe, and economic compared with the established procedure for the meso‐chlorination of porphyrins. We also discovered the unexpected meso‐chlorination of the porphyrin with dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) by single‐electron transfer. ClnTBCODPs 2 were converted into tetrabenzoporphyrins (ClnTBPs) 3 in 100 % yields by retro‐Diels–Alder reaction. The derived compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, cyclic voltammetry (CV), X‐ray crystallography, and organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) characteristics. The introduction of chlorine at the meso positions of the TBPs drastically changed their electronic and structural properties. The maxima of protonated Cl4TBP‐H2 (3d‐H2; λmax = 494, 649, and 707 nm) were redshifted by around 50–65 nm relative to those of protonated TBP‐H2 (λmax = 431, 605, and 660 nm). The two Q‐band maxima of the Cl4TBP dication are similar to those of a tetraacenaphthoporphyrin dication (λmax = 525, 646, and 702 nm), which has one of the most redshifted Q‐bands.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Prediction of spatially distributed seismic demands in specific structures: Structural response to loss estimation
Authors: Bradley Brendon A. , Dhakal Rajesh P. , MacRae Gregory A. , Cubrinovski Misko 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA companion paper has investigated the effects of intensity measure (IM) selection in the prediction of spatially distributed response in a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom structure. This paper extends from structural response prediction to performance assessment metrics such as probability of structural collapse; probability of exceeding a specified level of demand or direct repair cost; and the distribution of direct repair loss for a given level of ground motion. In addition, a method is proposed to account for the effect of varying seismological properties of ground motions on seismic demand that does not require different ground motion records to be used for each intensity level. Results illustrate that the conventional IM, spectral displacement at the first mode, Sde(T1), produces higher risk estimates than alternative velocity‐based IM's, namely spectrum intensity, SI, and peak ground velocity, PGV, because of its high uncertainty in ground motion prediction and poor efficiency in predicting peak acceleration demands. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An experimental study on steel‐encased buckling‐restrained brace hysteretic dampers
Authors: Eryaşar Mehmet Emrah , Topkaya Cem 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a seismic test program performed on 12 steel‐encased buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs). The use of rolled or built‐up buckling‐restraining mechanisms with welded or bolted attachments was examined. In addition, the effects of bolt pretension, core‐to‐encasing attachment details, aspect ratio of core segment and imperfections due to manufacturing on the brace response were investigated. All specimens were subjected to a stepwise incremental quasi‐static testing protocol with a maximum axial strain amplitude of 2%. All specimens except one showed satisfactory performance with stable hysteretic response and sustained cumulative inelastic deformations in excess of 200 times the yield deformation. Based on the experimental results, the compression strength adjustment factor, and the strain hardening adjustment factor for each excursion were quantified. Test results revealed that these two factors are significantly influenced by the parameters investigated in the experimental program. BRB details were also found to influence the buckling and the yielding patterns of the core segment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and correlates of alcoholism in community‐dwelling elderly living in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Hirata Edson Shiguemi , Nakano Eduardo Yoshio , Junior Jony Arrais Pinto , Litvoc Júlio , Bottino Cássio M. C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of alcoholism in elderly living in the city of São Paulo (Brazil) and investigate associated risk factors.MethodsA total of 1,563 individuals aged 60 years or older, of both genders of three districts of different socioeconomic classes (high, medium and low) in the city of São Paulo (Brazil) were interviewed. The CAGE screening test for alcoholism was applied and a structured interview was used to assess associated sociodemographic and clinical factors. The tests Mini Mental State Examination, Fuld Object Memory Evaluation, The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly and Bayer‐Activities of Daily Living Scale were used for cognitive and functional assessment.ResultsPrevalence of alcoholism was 9.1%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that alcoholism was associated with male gender, ‘mulatto’ ethnicity, smoking, and cognitive and functional impairment. In addition, the younger the individual and the lower the schooling level, the higher the risk for alcoholism.ConclusionsThe results obtained in this study show that alcoholism is highly frequent in the community‐dwelling elderly living in São Paulo, and that it is associated with socio‐demographic and clinical risk factors similar to those reported in the literature. This suggests that alcoholism in the elderly of a developing country shares the same basic characteristics seen in developed countries. These findings suggest that it is essential for health services and professional to be prepared to meet this demand that will significantly grow in the next years, especially in developing countries, where the rates of population aging are higher than those of developed countries. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of the new types of N‐substituted aminomethylenebisorganophosphorus acids and their derivatives
Authors: Prishchenko Andrey A. , Livantsov Mikhail V. , Novikova Olga P. , Livantsova Ludmila I. , Petrosyan Valery S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe interaction of esters of trivalent organophosphorus acids containing PH and POSiMe3 fragments with various derivatives of formamide is proposed as convenient methods for the synthesis of new N‐substituted aminomethylenebisorganophosphorus acids and their derivatives with three‐, four‐, and five‐coordinated phosphorus. Also the new functionalized derivatives of the new aminomethylenebisphosphinic acids with substituted hydroxymethyl moieties are synthesized, and some properties of the obtained compounds are presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:319–324, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20552
Dynamic change of T315I BCR‐ABL kinase domain mutation in Korean chronic myeloid leukaemia patients during treatment with Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Kim Wan‐Seok , Kim Dongho , Kim Dong‐Wook , Kweon Il‐Young , Kim Soo‐Hyun , Goh Hyun‐Gyung , Park Sa‐Hee , Lee Jeong 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe analysed the dynamic change of imatinib‐resistant mutations in BCR‐ABL kinase domain focusing on T315I mutation during dasatinib or nilotinib therapy. Fifty‐five imatinib‐resistant chronic myeloid leukaemia patients (32 patients with imatinib‐resistant mutations and 23 patients without mutation) in different disease phases were treated with dasatinib (median 17.3 months) or nilotinib (median 6.8 months). Among the 32 patients with baseline mutation, mutations including M244V, G250E, E255K, M351T, H396R, S417Y, E450K and E459K disappeared in 8 patients and new mutations were detected in 9 patients, all of which were T315I. Among the 23 patients without baseline mutation, 4 patients showed newly developed mutations including T315I, T315I + E459K, M244V and F359V. The T315I was the most frequently detected mutation in imatinib therapy (16%, 9 of 55) as well as in dasatinib or nilotinib therapy (24%, 11 of 44). Patients with imatinib resistant baseline mutations had a higher rate of mutation development during dasatinib or nilotinib treatment compared to patients without baseline mutations (28% vs. 17%). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantified characterization of human cutaneous normal scar using multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Zhu Xiaoqin , Zhuo Shuangmu , Zheng Liqin , Lu Kecheng , Jiang Xingshan , Chen Jianxin , Lin Bifang 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe morphological alterations of human cutaneous normal scar were quantitatively analyzed using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) based on two‐photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation. High‐contrast, high‐resolution images of normal scar and uninjured skin were obtained for comparison. In addition, some quantitative parameters have been extracted to quantitatively discriminate between normal scar and uninjured skin. The MPM combined with quantitative method enable a better understanding of microstructual alterations of the epidermis, elastic fiber, and collagen in normal scar. It may lead the way to making know the mechanism of normal scar formation and identifying feasible therapeutic options. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nerve regeneration following spinal cord injury using matrix metalloproteinase‐sensitive, hyaluronic acid‐based biomimetic hydrogel scaffold containing brain‐derived neurotrophic factor
Authors: Park Jonghyuck , Lim Eunjeong , Back Seungkeun , Na Heungsik , Park Yongdoo , Sun Kyung 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSpinal cord injury leads to the permanent loss of motor and sensory function in the body. To enhance spinal cord regeneration, we used a hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogel as a three‐dimensional biomimetic scaffold for peptides and growth factors. Three components were used to provide guidance cues: a matrix metalloproteinase peptide crosslinker, an IKVAV (Ile‐ Lys‐Val‐Ala‐Val) peptide derived from laminin, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured in hydrogels in vitro for 10 days to induce neuronal differentiation of hMSCs. Based on gene‐expression data, the matrix metalloproteinase‐sensitive peptide, IKVAV peptide, and BDNF were critical in the differentiation of hMSCs. Remodeling activity was found to be a key factor in guiding neural differentiation of stem cells. To test this approach in vivo, we used the spinal cord injured rat model and five different hydrogel compositions. Samples were injected into the intrathecal space, and animals were monitored for 6 weeks. Compared to all other groups, animals injected with BDNF‐containing hydrogels showed the greatest improvement on locomotive tests (Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan score) during the initial stage after injury. These results suggest that hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogels containing IKVAV and BDNF create microenvironments that foster differentiation of stem cells along the neural cell lineage, and they could be used to facilitate nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
In vitro evaluation of the bioactive factors preserved in porcine small intestinal submucosa through cellular biological approaches
Authors: Yang Bin , Zhou Liuhua , Sun Zeyu , Yang Rong , Chen Yun , Dai Yutian 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop cellular biological approaches to evaluate the potential effect of bioactive factors in porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) on bladder regeneration and angiogenesis. For this purpose, we cultured human bladder smooth muscle cell (HBSMC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), and then used cellular biological techniques to characterize in vitro biological effect of SIS components on HBSMC and HUVEC. Our results indicated that the SIS components had stimulated the attachment, proliferation, and migration of HBSMC and HUVEC, as well as tube formation by HUVEC on Matrigel. These results implied that the SIS might have preserved a mixture of bioactive factors including cell adhesion factors, mitogenic factors, chemotactic cytokines, and angiogenic factors, and these bioactive factors would have the potential of promoting bladder regeneration and angiogenesis. In conclusion, these cellular biological approaches might be helpful and effective for evaluation of the bioactive factors preserved in porcine SIS before it is used for bladder augmentation in humans. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Effects of cell concentration and collagen concentration on contraction kinetics and mechanical properties in a bone marrow stromal cell‐collagen construct
Authors: Chieh Hsiao‐Feng , Sun Yulong , Liao Jiunn‐Der , Su Fong‐Chin , Zhao Chunfeng , Amadio Peter C. , An Kai‐Nan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA cell‐collagen construct is commonly used to investigate the phenomenon of wound healing and to estimate the variables for tissue engineering. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of cell concentration and collagen concentration on the contraction kinetics and mechanical properties of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) seeded collagen lattices. To investigate the effects of both variables on the contraction kinetics, the construct contraction was monitored up to 13 days. Incremental stress– relaxation tests were carried out after a 2‐week incubation to obtain the stress–strain profiles, which were subsequently assessed in a quasilinear viscoelastic (QLV) model. During contraction, aligned BMSCs were observed first in the interior portion of the ring, followed by the middle portion and finally in the exterior portion. Constructs seeded with a higher initial cell concentration (higher than 1 × 105 cells/mL) or lower initial collagen concentration (lower than 2 mg/mL) exhibited faster contraction, higher ultimate stress, and superior elasticity and reduced relaxation behavior (p < 0.05). The cell‐collagen model was successfully used to yield information regarding the initial cell concentration and the initial collagen concentration on contraction kinetics and mechanical behavior, which may have possible application in tissue engineering. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
The topographical effect of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds on the in vivo and in vitro foreign body reaction
Authors: Cao Haoqing , Mchugh Kevin , Chew Sing Yian , Anderson James M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTopographical cues play an important role in influencing cellular behavior and are considered as significant parameters to be controlled in tissue engineering applications. This work investigated the biocompatibility with regard to scaffold architecture and topographical effect of nanofibrous scaffolds on the in vivo and in vitro foreign body reaction. Random and aligned polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning technique, with diameters of 313 ± 5 nm and 506 ± 24 nm, respectively. Primary monocytes isolated from five human donors were cultured on PCL nanofibers, PCL film, and RGD‐coated glass in vitro and cell density and morphology was evaluated at time points of day 0 (2 h), day 3, day 7, and day 10. The in vivo study was carried out by implanting PCL nanofibers and film scaffolds subcutaneously in rats to test the biocompatibility and host response at time points of week 1, week 2, and week 4. The in vitro studies revealed that the initial monocyte adhesion on the aligned fiber scaffold was significantly less (p < 0.001) when compared to the random fiber scaffold. The in vivo study showed that the thicknesses of fibrous capsule on fibrous scaffolds were 7.55 ± 0.54 μm for aligned fibers and 4.13 ± 0.31 μm for random fibers, which were significantly thinner than that of film implants 37.7 ± 0.25 μm (p < 0.001). Additionally, cell infiltration was observed in aligned fibrous scaffolds both in vitro and in vivo, while on random fibers and films, distinct fibrous capsule boundaries were found on the surfaces. These results indicate that aligned electrospun nanofibers may serve as a promising scaffold for tissue engineering by minimizing host response, enhancing tissue‐scaffold integration, and eliciting a thinner fibrous capsule. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Artificial cartilage made from a novel double‐network hydrogel: In vivo effects on the normal cartilage and ex vivo evaluation of the friction property
Authors: Arakaki Kazunobu , Kitamura Nobuto , Fujiki Hiroyuki , Kurokawa Takayuki , Iwamoto Mikio , Ueno Masaru , Kanaya Fuminori , Osada Yoshihito , Gong Jian Ping , Yasuda Kazunori 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study evaluated the in vivo influence of a poly‐(2‐Acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid)/poly‐(N,N'‐dimetyl acrylamide) (PAMPS/PDMAAm) double‐network (DN) hydrogel on counterface cartilage in rabbit knee joints and its ex vivo friction properties on normal cartilage. In the first experiment, the DN gel was implanted in a surgically created defect in the femoral trochlea of rabbit knee joints and the left knee was used as the control. Evaluations using a confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that the DN gel did not affect the surface microstructure (surface roughness, the number of small pits) of the counterface cartilage in vivo at 4 and 12 weeks. The histology also showed that the DN gel hadno pathological damage on the cartilage matrices and cells at 4 weeks. However, two of the five DN gel‐implanted knees showed mild irregularity on the counterface cartilage surface at 12 weeks. In the second experiment, the friction property between the normal and the artificial cartilage was determined using a joint simulator apparatus. The ex vivo mean friction coefficient of the DN gel to normal cartilage was 0.029, while that of the normal‐to‐normal cartilage articulation was 0.188. The coefficient of the DN gel‐to‐normal cartilage articulation was significantly lower than that of the normal‐to‐normal cartilage articulation (p < 0.0001). This study suggested that the PAMPS/PDMAAm DN gel has very low friction coefficient on normal cartilage and has no significant detrimental effects on counterface cartilage in vivo, and can be a promising material to develop the artificial cartilage. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Myosin heavy chain composition of tiger (Panthera tigris) and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) hindlimb muscles
Authors: Hyatt Jon‐Philippe K. , Roy Roland R. , Rugg Stuart , Talmadge Robert J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFelids have a wide range of locomotor activity patterns and maximal running speeds, including the very fast cheetah (Acinonyx jubatas), the roaming tiger (Panthera tigris), and the relatively sedentary domestic cat (Felis catus). As previous studies have suggested a relationship between the amount and type of activity and the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform composition of a muscle, we assessed the MHC isoform composition of selected hindlimb muscles from these three felid species with differing activity regimens. Using gel electrophoresis, western blotting, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry with MHC isoform‐specific antibodies, we compared the MHC composition in the tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius (MG), plantaris (Plt), and soleus muscles of the tiger, cheetah, and domestic cat. The soleus muscle was absent in the cheetah. At least one slow (type I) and three fast (types IIa, IIx, and IIb) MHC isoforms were present in the muscles of each felid. The tiger had a high combined percentage of the characteristically slower isoforms (MHCs I and IIa) in the MG (62%) and the Plt (86%), whereas these percentages were relatively low in the MG (44%) and Plt (55%) of the cheetah. In general, the MHC isoform characteristics of the hindlimb muscles matched the daily activity patterns of these felids: the tiger has daily demands for covering long distances, whereas the cheetah has requirements for speed and power. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:45–57, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Notch signaling: Key role in intrauterine infection/inflammation, embryonic development, and white matter damage?
Authors: Yuan Tian‐Ming , Yu Hui‐Min 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe mechanisms or pathophysiologies that lead to cerebral white matter damage during development are complex and not fully understood. It is postulated that exposure of the preterm brain to inflammatory cytokines during intrauterine infection/inflammation contributes to brain white matter damage, and this damage may affect the function and differentiation of progenitor oligodendrocyte cells under physiological conditions. The Notch pathway, an important signaling pathway controlling various cells' differentiation, functions in the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation, and Notch signaling may contribute to white matter damage and may mediate neurogenesis in a pathophysiological phase. Recent studies have led to recognition of the role of the Notch pathway in neurogenesis in cerebral ischemic damage and in myelination and axonal damage of neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, Notch plays a critical role in steering an immune response toward inflammation by regulating expression of various cytokines and proinflammatory cytokines resulting in the activation of Notch signaling. Thus, the Notch signaling pathway likely plays a key role in intrauterine infection/inflammation, brain development, and white matter damage, and future research directed toward understanding its role will be important. Insofar as Notch signaling could have an important effect on neurogenesis, mobilization of progenitor cells is one strategy for compensating for the neuronal losses seen in white matter damage after intrauterine infection/inflammation. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.