bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duration of clinical signs prior to total hip replacement in dogs
Authors: Lockwood Abigail A. , Liska William D. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare the duration of clinical signs in dogs prior to total hip replacement (THR) for 2 time periods and to determine whether a previous THR influenced the duration of clinical signs prior to THR of the contralateral hip joint.
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Animals—833 dogs that underwent unilateral THR (334 dogs between 1992 and 2000 [group 1] and 499 dogs between 2001 and 2009 [group 2]; part 1) and 272 dogs that underwent staged bilateral THR between 1992 and 2009 (part 2).
Procedures—Duration of pelvic limb lameness prior to THR was recorded in an in-house data registry. Mean duration of clinical signs was determined for both groups of dogs in part 1. For part 2, duration of clinical signs prior to the first THR was compared with the interval between surgeries in dogs that underwent bilateral THR.
Results—In part 1, duration of clinical signs was significantly longer for group 2 dogs than for group 1 dogs. In part 2, the duration of clinical signs prior to the first THR was significantly longer than the interval between surgeries.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Between 1992 and 2009, the duration of clinical signs prior to THR in dogs increased significantly. In dogs that underwent bilateral THR, the interval between surgeries was shorter than the duration of clinical signs before the first THR. Developments in medical treatments of osteoarthritis, surgical preferences, and veterinarian recommendations may influence the interval between initial clinical signs and surgery.
Ocular lesions associated with systemic hypertension in dogs: 65 cases (2005–2007)
Authors: LeBlanc Nicole L. , Stepien Rebecca L. , Bentley Ellison 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Objective—To characterize ocular findings in hypertensive dogs, determine prevalence of hypertension in dogs with ocular disease suggestive of hypertension, and examine possible relationships between degree of hypertension and ocular disease.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—65 dogs initially referred for blood pressure measurement (n = 22), ophthalmic examination (25), or both (18).
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs examined at the teaching hospital that underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and blood pressure measurement within a 24-hour period between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2007. Signalment, history, blood pressure measurements, ophthalmic examination findings, and any vasoactive drug treatments were recorded. Ocular lesions considered likely to be associated with systemic hypertension included retinal hemorrhage, retinal detachment, hyphema, tortuous vessels, and subretinal edema.
Results—Of the 65 dogs, 42 were hypertensive (systolic blood pressure ≥ 160 mm Hg) and 23 were normotensive. Sixty-two percent (26/42) of hypertensive dogs had ≥ 1 type of ocular lesion identified. Retinal hemorrhage was the most common ocular lesion in hypertensive dogs (17/42 [40%]). The presence of ≥ 1 type of ocular lesion had moderate sensitivity and specificity of 62% and 61 %, respectively, for identification of hypertension. Fifteen of the 25 (60%) dogs referred for blood pressure measurement after initial ophthalmic examination were found to be hypertensive.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ocular lesions are common in dogs with systemic hypertension. Dogs with hypertension or diseases associated with hypertension should be monitored carefully for evidence of ocular target organ damage, and hypertension should be systematically ruled out in dogs with characteristic ocular lesions.
Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure analysis of a novel oxo-centered mixed-metal complex containing unsaturated bridging carboxylates
Authors: Yazdanbakhsh Mohammad , Lotfian Nahid , Tavakkoli Haman , Boese Roland 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
A novel oxo-centered trinuclear mixed-metal carboxylate complex with unsaturated bridging ligands [Fe2Cr(µ3-O)(C3H3O2)6(H2O)3]·NO3·4H2O has been synthesized and characterized by means of Elemental analyses, Infrared spectroscopy and Crystal structure analysis. The compound crystallizes isotypically in the monoclinic space group type P21/c. In the compound, each M(III) cation is coordinated by six O atoms from four unsaturated carboxylate groups as bridging ligands, one water molecule as the terminal ligand, and a µ3-oxygen atom in the center of an equilateral triangle. The infrared spectra show resolved bands arising from νasym(COO) and νsym(COO) vibration of bridging carboxylate ligands along with those of νasym(M2M′O) vibration in the complex. The difference between symmetrical and asymmetrical (COO) ligands indicate that the acrylate bridge is present in the structure of complex.
Study of MOCVD growth of InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb/GaSb heterostructures using two different aluminium precursors TMAl and DMEAAl
Authors: Wesołowski M. , Strupiński W. , Motyka M. , Sęk G. , Dumiszewska E. , Caban P. , Jasik A. , Wójcik A. , Pierściński K. , Pierścińska D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe antimonide laser heterostructures growth technology using MBE epitaxy is currently well-developed, while MOVPE method is still being improved. It is known that the principal problem for MOVPE is the oxygen and carbon contamination of aluminium containing waveguides and claddings. The solution would be to apply a proper aluminium precursor. In this study we present the results of metal-organic epitaxy of In- and Al-containing layers and quantum well structures composing antimonide lasers devices. Special emphasis was put on the aluminium precursor and its relation to AlGaSb and AlGaAsSb materials properties. The crystalline quality of the layers grown with two different Al precursors was compared, very good structural quality films were obtained. The results suggested a substantial influence of precursors pre-reactions on the epitaxial process. The oxygen contamination was measured by SIMS, which confirmed its dependence on the precursor choice. We also optimised the GaSb substrate thermal treatment to deposit high quality GaSb homoepitaxial layers. Quaternary InGaAsSb layers were obtained even within the predicted miscibility gap, when arsenic content reached high above 10% values. InGa(As)Sb/AlGa(As)Sb quantum wells were grown and their optical properties were characterised by photoluminescence and photoreflectance spectroscopy. Type-I quantum wells showed a fundamental optical transition in the 1.9–2.1 μm range at room temperature. The epitaxial technology of the structures was subjected to an optimisation procedure. The investigated layers and heterostructures can be considered for application in laser devices.
Opaque Allomorphy in OT: Candidate Chains vs. Derivational Optimality Theory
Authors: Rydzewski Paweł 
Published: April 2011

Opaque Allomorphy in OT: Candidate Chains vs. Derivational Optimality Theory
This article investigates the opacity in allomorphic processes in the masculine nominative plural of Polish nouns. It is shown that the discussed cases of allomorphy are opaque. Subsequently, it is examined whether Optimality Theory can account for the opacity in the Polish data and concluded that parallel evaluation is unable to handle the relevant examples. Next, the problem is reanalyzed within the theory of candidate chains in order to determine whether the theory is capable of providing a non-derivational account. However, this version of Optimality Theory fails to achieve the attested output. It is concluded that candidate chains are unable to handle the opaque generalizations. Finally, the non-derivational account is juxtaposed with Derivational Optimality Theory in order to prove that Optimality Theory must admit derivational levels.
A Logic-Based Approach to Problems in Pragmatics
Authors: Seuren Pieter 
Published: April 2011

A Logic-Based Approach to Problems in Pragmatics
After an exposé of the programme involved, it is shown that the Gricean maxims fail to do their job in so far as they are meant to account for the well-known problem of natural intuitions of logical entailment that deviate from standard modern logic. It is argued that there is no reason why natural logical and ontological intuitions should conform to standard logic, because standard logic is based on mathematics while natural logical and ontological intuitions derive from a cognitive system in people's minds (supported by their brain structures). A proposal is then put forward to try a totally different strategy, via (a) a grammatical reduction of surface sentences to their logico-semantic form and (b) via logic itself, in particular the notion of natural logic, based on a natural ontology and a natural set theory. Since any logical system is fully defined by (a) its ontology and its overarching notions and axioms regarding truth, (b) the meanings of its operators, and (c) the ranges of its variables, logical systems can be devised that deviate from modern logic in any or all of the above respects, as long as they remain consistent. This allows one, as an empirical enterprise, to devise a natural logic, which is as sound as standard logic but corresponds better with natural intuitions. It is hypothesised that at least two varieties of natural logic must be assumed in order to account for natural logical and ontological intuitions, since culture and scholastic education have elevated modern societies to a higher level of functionality and refinement. These two systems correspond, with corrections and additions, to Hamilton's 19th-century logic and to the classic Square of Opposition, respectively. Finally, an evaluation is presented, comparing the empirical success rates of the systems envisaged.
Consonant Clusters Across Morpheme Boundaries: Polish Morphonotactic Inventory and its Acquisition
Authors: Zydorowicz Paulina 
Published: April 2011

Consonant Clusters Across Morpheme Boundaries: Polish Morphonotactic Inventory and its Acquisition
Morphonotactics is a term introduced by Dressler and Dziubalska-Kołaczyk (2006) to refer to the interaction of phonotactics and morphotactics. This paper examines the acquisition of phonotactics and morphonotactics, i.e. consonant clusters occurring within morphemes and across morpheme boundaries. It is hypothesized that morphonotactic clusters will be better retained in production than lexical clusters as they carry significant morphological information. Additionally, the acquisition of consonant clusters will be investigated in terms of markedness. With respect to markedness, two hypotheses have been put forward. Firstly, less marked (preferred) sequences will emerge earlier. Secondly, preferred clusters will be retained in production better.
Towards a New Approach for Disambiguation in NLP by Multiple Criterian Decision-Aid
Authors: Hoceini Youssef , Cheragui Mohamed , Abbas Moncef 
Published: April 2011

Towards a New Approach for Disambiguation in NLP by Multiple Criterian Decision-Aid
The aim of this paper is to present a combination of NLP and Multiple Criteria Decision-Aid (MCDA) in order to reach an effective analysis when dealing with linguistic data from various sources. The coexistence of these two concepts has allowed us, based on a set of actions and criteria, to develop a coherent system that integrates the entire process of textual data analysis (no-voweled Arabic texts) into decision making in case of ambiguity. Our solution is based on decision theory and an MCDA approach with a TOPSIS technique. This method allows the multi-scenario classification of morphosyntactical ambiguity cases in order to come out with the best performance and reduce the number of candidate scenarios.
Suicide in Indigenous People in Queensland, Australia: Trends and Methods, 1994–2007
Authors: De Leo Diego , Sveticic Jerneja , Milner Allison 
Published: March 2011

Objective: Suicide among Indigenous Australians is a well-recognized public health issue. Due to scarcity of epidemiological investigations in this area the exact size of this problem and its main characteristics remain uncertain. In this paper we present trends and methods of Indigenous suicides based on the Queensland Suicide Register for the period 1994–2007. Methods: Trends of age-standardized suicide rates were calculated for Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. Suicide methods were compared between the two groups, with particular focus on hanging. Discriminant analysis was used to ascertain the size of under-estimation of suicide rates due to a considerable number of cases with unknown ethnicity in the Queensland Suicide Register. Results: Between 1994 and 2007, Indigenous populations had suicide rates 2.2 times higher than non-Indigenous Australians. Age-specific suicide rates for Indigenous men were highest in the 25–34 age group, while in women they were highest among 15–24 year olds. In children younger than 15 years, Indigenous suicide rate was almost ten times higher than of non-Indigenous counterparts. More than 90% of Indigenous suicides occurred by hanging. It was estimated that lack of information about ethnicity for 7% of suicide cases might have caused an under-estimation of Indigenous suicide mortality for 15.4% in men and 9.1% in women in the period 1994–2007. Conclusions: Suicide mortality of Indigenous Australians has reached alarming levels, particularly among youths. The unique profile of Indigenous suicides indicates the need for specifically tailored preventative programmes.
Histopathological pattern of central nervous system tumor: A three year retrospective study
Authors: Aryal G 
Published: March 2011

Background: There is no documented data regarding the histopathological spectrum of the central nervous system (CNS) tumors in Nepal. The aim of this study was to establish the relative frequency of biopsy proven tumors of the CNS from a single university hospital in Nepal. Materials and Methods: In the period between1998-2000, we retrospectively analyzed data on 57 patients (28 male and 29 female) diagnosed with CNS tumors according to the World Health Organization’s diagnostic criteria. Patient data were retrieved from the archives of the department of Pathology, Nepal Medical College. Results: A total of 57 CNS tumors were diagnosed during a three year period. Of these, 49 (86%) were primary, and 8 (14%) were metastatic. The most frequent type of CNS tumors was astrocytoma (22 cases, 38.6%), followed by meningioma (8 cases, 14%) and metastatic tumor (8 cases, 14%). Among the 8 metastatic tumors, the most common histologic type was adenocarcinoma (7 cases, 87.5%). Conclusion: The most frequent type of CNS tumors in this study was astrocytoma, followed by meningioma and metastatic tumor. The ratio of male to female for all CNS tumors was 0.9:1. Female outnumbered male in meningioma (1:0.3). Keywords: Astrocytoma; Meningioma; Tumor; Nepal; Central nervous system DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v1i1.4445 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2011) Vol.1, 22-25
Chloride penetration and corrosion resistance of ground fly ash blended cement mortar
Authors: Rukzon Sumrerng , Chindaprasirt Prinya 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
This research studies the potential for using ground fly ash from the Mae Moh power plant in Thailand as a pozzolanic material. Three different fly ash finenesses, viz., coarse original fly ash, ground medium fly ash, and ground fine fly ash, were used for the study. Ordinary Portland cement was partially replaced with fly ash at 20 % and 40 % by weight of the fly ash. The water to binder ratio was kept constant at 0.5 and the flow of mortar was maintained at 110 ± 5 % with the aid of superplasticizer. Compressive strength, chloride penetration and corrosion resistance of mortars were determined. Fine fly ash has a high potential to be used as a good pozzolanic material. The resistance to chloride penetration and corrosion resistance of mortar improve substantially with partial replacement of Ordinary Portland cement with ground fly ash. The use of finer fly ash results in a stronger and denser mortar which is due to better dispersion and filling effect as well as an increase in the pozzolanic reaction.
A micromechanical analysis of local contact at die compaction of powder materials
Authors: Skrinjar Olle , Larsson Per-Lennart 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The present investigation concerns a finite element study of the local contact behavior of spherical powders in unit cell arrangements. Numerical results related to die compaction of unit cells of regular body-centered cubic lattices have been compared to previous analytical and numerical findings describing especially local but also global contact at powder compaction. In particular, previously published results concerning self-similarity contact are of interest here. Results relevant for isostatic compaction are also presented for comparative reasons. The finite element calculations are continued up to full density of solid material in the unit cells. The powder assembly is assumed to be composed of monolithic powder material.
Intraoperative monitoring of motor evoked potentials in very young children
Authors: Fulkerson Daniel H. , Satyan Krishna B. , Wilder Lillian M. , Riviello James J. , Stayer Stephen A. , Whitehead William E. , Curry Daniel J. , Dauser Robert C. , Luerssen Thomas G. , Jea Andrew 
Published: April 2011

Object
Neurophysiological monitoring of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) during complex spine procedures may reduce the risk of injury by providing feedback to the operating surgeon. While this tool is a well-established surgical adjunct in adults, clinical data in children are sparse. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and safety of MEP monitoring in a group of children younger than 3 years of age undergoing neurosurgical spine procedures.

Methods
A total of 10 consecutive spinal procedures in 10 children younger than 3 years of age (range 5–31 months, mean 16.8 months) were analyzed between January 1, 2008, and May 1, 2010. Motor evoked potentials were elicited by transcranial electric stimulation. A standardized anesthesia protocol for monitoring consisted of a titrated propofol drip combined with bolus dosing of fentanyl or sufentanil.

Results
Motor evoked potentials were documented at the beginning and end of the procedure in all 10 patients. A mean baseline stimulation threshold of 533 ± 124 V (range 321–746 V) was used. Six patients maintained MEP signals ≥ 50% of baseline amplitude throughout the surgery. There was a greater than 50% decrease in intraoperative MEP amplitude in at least 1 extremity in 4 patients. Two of these patients returned to baseline status by the end of the case. Two patients had a persistent decrement or variability in MEP signals at the end of the procedure; this correlated with postoperative weakness. There were no complications related to the technique of monitoring MEPs.

Conclusions
A transcranial electric stimulation protocol monitoring corticospinal motor pathways during neurosurgical procedures in children younger than 3 years of age was reliably and safely implemented. A persistent intraoperative decrease of greater than 50% in this small series of 10 pediatric patients younger than 3 years of age predicted a postoperative neurological deficit. The authors advocate routine monitoring of MEPs in this pediatric age group undergoing neurosurgical spine procedures.
Diffuse hemispheric dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor: a new radiological variant associated with early-onset severe epilepsy
Authors: Bird-Lieberman Georgina , Sethi Kaye , Childs Anne-Marie , Chumas Paul , Crimmins Darach , Ismail Azzam , Livingston John 
Published: April 2011

The authors describe the clinical and radiological features in 3 children with a diffuse hemispheric dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) presenting with severe epilepsy and a previously unreported and characteristic MR imaging appearance. The DNET is a well-recognized cause of focal epilepsy, usually with a very good response to resection. These tumors are usually intracortical, and most commonly arise in the temporal lobe or frontal lobes. Radiologically they are usually sharply demarcated, and show little contrast enhancement.
Three children (2 boys and 1 girl) presented at 14, 17, and 22 months of age with epileptic seizures. The seizures were focal motor or complex focal. One patient had epileptic spasms. The response to antiepileptic drug therapy was poor. Motor and cognitive development was delayed in all patients. One patient developed a severe epileptic encephalopathy, with regression of motor and cognitive skills. Her electroencephalogram obtained at that time showed hypsarhythmia. Admission MR imaging showed a diffuse unilateral abnormality involving frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes with little or no mass effect. There was involvement of both gray and white matter, with a striking sparing of the internal capsule in spite of apparent tumor throughout the basal ganglia and thalamus. In 2 patients there was prominent expansion of cortical gyri by tumor. In 1 child the initial radiological diagnosis was a middle cerebral artery infarct. On subsequent review the radiological diagnosis was thought to be low-grade glioma in all patients.
The first patient underwent 2 limited resections involving the temporal lobe. He has continued to have poorly controlled seizures and severe behavioral and cognitive problems. The other patients had subtotal resection to the level of the internal capsule. One patient is currently seizure free 24 months postsurgery, but remains cognitively impaired. The patient in Case 3 is having some seizures 3.5 years postsurgery and remains hemiplegic, but the regression has reversed and she is making steady developmental progress. The pathological specimens showed the typical features of a DNET in all cases.
This striking radiological pattern has not previously been described as a feature of a DNET. Recognition of this radiological pattern in young children with epilepsy will allow early consideration for resection, which may lead to improved long-term cognitive outcome.
Outcomes in pediatric patients with Chiari malformation Type I followed up without surgery
Authors: Benglis David , Covington Derek , Bhatia Ritwik , Bhatia Sanjiv , Elhammady Mohamed Samy , Ragheb John , Morrison Glenn , Sandberg David I. 
Published: April 2011

Object
The natural history of untreated Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) is poorly defined. The object of this study was to investigate outcomes in pediatric patients with CM-I who were followed up without surgical intervention.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed 124 cases involving patients with CM-I who presented between July 1999 and July 2008 and were followed up without surgery. The patients ranged in age from 0.9 to 19.8 years (mean 7 years). The duration of follow-up ranged from 1.0 to 8.6 years (mean 2.83 years). Imaging findings, symptoms, and findings on neurological examinations were noted at presentation and for the duration of follow-up.

Results
The mean extent of tonsillar herniation at presentation was 8.35 mm (range 5–22 mm). Seven patients had a syrinx at presentation. The syrinx size did not change in these patients on follow-up imaging studies. No new syrinxes developed in the remaining patients who underwent subsequent imaging. The total number of patients with presenting symptoms was 81. Of those 81 patients, 67 demonstrated symptoms that were not typical of CM-I. Of the 14 patients with symptoms attributed to CM-I, 9 had symptoms that were not severe or frequent enough to warrant surgery, and surgery was recommended in the remaining 5 patients. Chiari malformation Type I was also diagnosed in 43 asymptomatic patients who had imaging studies performed for various reasons. No new neurological deficits were noted in any patient for the duration of follow-up.

Conclusions
The majority of patients with CM-I who are followed up without surgery do not progress clinically or radiologically. Longer follow-up of this cohort will be required to determine if symptoms or new neurological findings develop over the course of many years.