bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced dark field microscopy for rapid artifact‐free detection of nanoparticle binding to Candida albicans cells and hyphae
Authors: Weinkauf Heidi , Brehm‐Stecher Byron F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe surveyed a panel of 13 metal nanoparticle (NP) catalysts for their antifungal activities against Candida albicans ATCC 90028. Initial characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested that our ability to detect NP binding to Candida surfaces with this method was impeded by preparation artifacts. As an alternative method for visualizing NP binding, we used an enhanced dark field illumination system (CytoViva®) attached to a standard light microscope. When viewed using this system, all NP produced intense optical signals due to resonant light scattering. To assay binding, NP were allowed to interact with C. albicans hyphae and cells in spent RPMI broth for 15 min with gentle inversion, followed by viewing with the CytoViva® system. The antifungal efficacy of NP preparations was determined separately using a 24‐h broth microdilution test. For single‐metal NP, observations of binding at 15 min made via CytoViva® corresponded to antifungal efficacy at 24 h, with the most antifungal NP yielding complete coverage of hyphal surfaces. Our work suggests the utility of visual screening using the CytoViva® system for rapid, simple and artifact‐free viewing of NP‐cell interactions in support of antimicrobial screening efforts. This approach provides a quick and accessible alternative to SEM for imaging of NP‐cell interactions.
A 310‐helical pentapeptide in water: Interplay of α,α‐disubstituted amino acids and the central residue on structure formation
Authors: Wang Jia , McElheny Dan , Fu Yanwen , Li Guangyu , Kim Joohyun , Zhou Zhe , Wu Ling , Keiderling Timothy A. , Hammer Robert P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCα,α‐disubstituted amino acids (ααAAs) are widely used to conformationally constrain peptides. A series of pentapeptides containing dipropylglycine (Dpg) at alternating positions and their α‐amino acid counterpartL‐norvaline (Nva) analogues were synthesized to fully investigate the impact of Dpg on peptide backbone structure in aqueous solution. CD, VCD, and NMR spectral analysis suggest that Dpg containing peptides adopt more ordered structures relative to their Nva containing analogues. The central residues (Ala, Thr, Tyr, Val) and the charged side‐chains of Glu and Lys play important roles in the degree of peptide folding. Hydrophobic and branched residues (Val, Tyr) at the central position of the peptide produce greater folding as judged by CD and NMR. Variation of the chemical shift with temperature (Δδ/ΔTNH) of Ac‐Glu‐Dpg‐Tyr‐Dpg‐Lys‐NH2suggests a series ofi→i+ 3 hydrogen bonds between the N‐terminal acetyl carbonyl and the Tyr3NH, and the Glu1carbonyl and the Dpg4NH. The solution conformation of Ac‐Glu‐Dpg‐Tyr‐Dpg‐Lys‐NH2calculated from NMR‐derived constraints shows a 310‐helical structure (two repetitive type‐III β‐turns) at residues 1‐4, which is supported by 2D NMR, CD, and VCD spectra. Analysis of NMR‐derived models of these peptides suggest that there is a strong hydrophobic interaction of the pro‐Spropyl side chain of Dpg2and the Tyr3side‐chain that may be a strong stabilizing force of the peptide folding in water. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 92: 452–464, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Simultaneous determination of methylephedrine and pseudoephedrine in human urine by CE with electrochemiluminescence detection and its application to pharmacokeinetics
Authors: Liu Yan‐Ming , Tian Wei , Jia Yu‐Xiu , Yue Hai‐Yan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA novel method for the determination of ephedra alkaloids (methylephedrine and pseudoephedrine) was developed by electrophoresis capillary (CE) separation and electrochemiluminesence detection (ECL). The use of ionic liquid (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, BMIMBF4) improved the detection sensitivity markedly. The conditions for CE separation, ECL detection and effect of ionic liquid were investigated in detail. The two ephedra alkaloids with very similar structures were well separated and detected under the optimum conditions. The limits of detection (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3) in standard solution were 1.8 × 10–8 mol/L for methylephedrine (ME) and 9.2 × 10–9 mol/L for pseudoephedrine (PSE). The limits of quantitation (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 10) in human urine samples were 2.6 × 10−7 mol/L for ME and 3.6 × 10–7 mol/L for PSE. The recoveries of two alkaloids at three different concentration levels in human urine samples were between 81.7 and 105.0%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of ME and PSE in human urine and the monitoring of pharmacokinetics for PSE. The proposed method has potential in therapeutic drug monitoring and clinical analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monoclonal Antibodies with Orthogonal Azaspiracid Epitopes
Authors: Frederick Michael O. , De Lamo Marin Sandra , Janda Kim D. , Nicolaou K. C. , Dickerson Tobin J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAzaspiracid antibodies: Immunization of azaspiracid immunoconjugates has elicited monoclonal antibodies with distinct epitopes on the marine toxin; this will open the way toward azaspiracid diagnostics and the detection of contaminated shellfish before they can enter the food supply.magnified image
COSMO‐RS Calculations of Partition Coefficients: Different Tools for Conformation Search
Authors: Buggert M. , Cadena C. , Mokrushina L. , Smirnova I. , Maginn E. J. , Arlt W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis work is encouraged by the growing interest and recent success of quantum mechanics‐based methods in modeling of thermodynamic properties in the field of chemical engineering and life sciences. Among those, the COSMO‐RS model has become one of the most popular methods to predict phase equilibria in complex bio‐related systems. Recently, we have shown that the quality of predictions of n‐octanol/water and micelle/water partition coefficients is improved when the weighted mixtures of conformers are used to represent molecules, thereby demanding that the conformation analysis is performed for each component of the system. In this paper, different methods for performing the conformational search are evaluated. Micelle/water partition coefficients of solutes from different homologous series in aqueous solutions of Triton X100 as well as the n‐octanol/water partitioning of three common drugs (aminopinicillanic acid, ampicillin, and penicillin G) are calculated and compared with experimental data. Conformational analysis is made by the HyperChem program for the molecules placed in vacuum as well as by using the molecular dynamics simulation in a solvent medium (n‐octanol and water). It is demonstrated that molecular dynamics simulation is a promising tool to conduct conformational analysis. Along with the possibility of providing the conformers for large surfactant and pharmaceutical molecules, the method accounts for the solvent in a realistic manner. The results for micelle/water partition coefficients illustrate that n‐octanol is a reasonable approximation for the “micelle‐like” medium in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Predicted n‐octanol/water partition coefficients of three penicillins are in a good agreement with literature data and values calculated by a common quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR).
Experimental Determination of Pool Void Fraction under Vacuum for Chemical Reactor and Reboiler Operation Optimization
Authors: Simon L. L. , Hungerbuhler K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article presents the pool boiling void fraction measurements carried out under vacuum conditions ranging from 10–88 kPa. It is found that the Wilson correlation previously determined within the 2000–4000 kPa pressure range is valid under vacuum conditions for about up to 8 % void fraction value.
The First Asymmetric Halogen/Metal‐Exchange Reaction: Desymmetrization of Alcohols with Enantiotopic Bromoarene Substituents
Authors: Sälinger Daniel , Brückner Reinhard 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChoosy organomagnesium: Prochiral bis(bromoaryl)alcohols were desymmetrized by treatment with iPr2Mg and an enantiopure Li salt. The resulting arylmagnesium intermediate was trapped with electrophiles. Protonolysis and two follow‐up reactions provided the antihistaminic and anticholinergic drug (R)‐orphenadrine (see scheme).magnified imageDesymmetrizations of the prochiral bis(bromoaryl)alcohols 1 and 4 were effected by treatment with iPr2Mg and enantiomerically pure lithium alkoxides. The resulting arylmagnesium compounds were quenched with various electrophiles. The absolute and (if relevant) relative configurations of the resulting products were determined. The best ee/yield combination was obtained for the protonolysis furnishing monobromoalcohol (R)‐2 (53 % ee, 51 % yield). The latter was converted into (R)‐orphenadrine, an antihistaminic and anticholinergic drug.
Toward Palau′amine: Hg(OTf)2‐Catalyzed Synthesis of the Cyclopentane Core
Authors: Namba Kosuke , Kaihara Yukari , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Imagawa Hiroshi , Tanino Keiji , Williams Robert M. , Nishizawa Mugio 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCatalytic cyclization: The Hg(OTf)2‐catalyzed N‐selective cyclization of amide carbonyl moieties for the construction of a quaternary carbon center was developed. The Hg(OTf)2‐catalyzed cyclization of cyclopentylidene alcohol with acylhydrazide afforded the desired cyclopenta[c]pyridazinone in good yield. The subsequent eight steps gave the functionalized cyclopentane with the correct stereochemistry that corresponds to the E ring of palau′amine (see scheme).magnified image
One‐Pot Synthesis of Pentasubstituted Cyclohexanes by a Michael Addition Followed by a Tandem Inter–Intra Double Henry Reaction
Authors: García Ruano José Luis , Marcos Vanesa , Suanzes Juan Antonio , Marzo Leyre , Alemán José 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMichael, Henry, and Henry: A new one‐pot reaction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and β‐dicarbonyls, which involves a Michael reaction catalyzed by diarylprolinol ethers and an inter–intramolecular Henry tandem reaction catalyzed by TBAF (see scheme), has been developed. The reaction proceeds in high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity for a wide range of unsaturated aldehydes and β‐dicarbonyl reagents.magnified image
A computational strategy for prestressing patient‐specific biomechanical problems under finite deformation
Authors: Gee M. W. , Förster Ch. , Wall W. A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn simulation of biomechanical structures the patient‐specific geometry of the object of interest is very often reconstructed from in vivo medical imaging such as CT scans. Such geometries therefore represent a deformed configuration stressed by typical in vivo conditions. Commonly, such structures are considered stress free in simulation. In this contribution we present and compare two methods to introduce a physically meaningful stress/strain state to the obtained geometry for simulations in the finite strain regime and demonstrate the necessity of such prestressing techniques. One method is based on an inverse design analysis to calculate a stress‐free reference configuration. The other method developed here is based on a modified updated Lagrangian formulation. The formulation of both methods is provided in detail and implementation issues are discussed. Applicability and accurateness of both approaches are compared and evaluated utilizing an analytical aorta model and fully three‐dimensional patient‐specific abdominal aortic aneurysm structures in the finite strain regime. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Description of flow cytometry examinations related to human cell differentiation molecules in clinical immunology
Authors: Fuentes‐Arderiu Xavier , Mestre Mariona 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHuman cell differentiation molecules, also known as “CD”, are cell‐surface molecules reacting with different monoclonal antibodies. The fraction of cells belonging to each immunophenotype is measured by flow cytometry. This brief communication proposes the application into clinical immunological laboratories, of the syntax recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine to describe biological properties. Following this syntax, all properties related to human cell differentiation molecules examined by flow cytometry, but not limited to, may be described in the same way. In addition, the application of the IUPAC‐IFCC recommended syntax in clinical immunology may facilitate unequivocal written or electronic communication between healthcare professionals world‐wide. © 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society
Advances in complex multiparameter flow cytometry technology: Applications in stem cell research
Authors: Preffer Frederic , Dombkowski David 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFlow cytometry and cell sorting are critical tools in stem cell research. Recent advances in flow cytometric hardware, reagents, and software have synergized to permit the stem cell biologist to more fully identify and isolate rare cells based on their immunofluorescent and light scatter characteristics. Some of these improvements include physically smaller air‐cooled lasers, new designs in optics, new fluorescent conjugate‐excitation pairs, and improved software to visualize data, all which combine to open up new horizons in the study of stem cells, by enhancing the resolution and specificity of inquiry. In this review, these recent improvements in technology will be outlined and important cell surface and functional antigenic markers useful for the study of stem cells described. © 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society
Cognitive rehabilitation for children with acquired brain injury
Authors: Slomine Beth , Locascio Gianna 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCognitive deficits are frequent consequences of acquired brain injury (ABI) and often require intervention. We review the theoretical and empirical literature on cognitive rehabilitation in a variety of treatment domains including attention, memory, unilateral neglect, speech and language, executive functioning, and family involvement/education. Because there are more well‐designed studies examining the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in adults with brain injury, the major findings from this body of literature are also highlighted. In addition, given that similar cognitive and behavioral concerns are often apparent in children with certain neurodevelopmental disorders, selected literature focusing on interventions for these groups of children is included. Limitations and challenges inherent in examining cognitive interventions in children with ABI are also discussed. Overall, despite the growing body of literature examining the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in children with ABI, there continues to be a great need to develop well‐designed studies to examine the efficacy of these interventions. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:133–143.
School reentry for children with acquired central nervous systems injuries
Authors: Carney Joan , Porter Patricia 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOnset of acquired central nervous system (CNS) injury during the normal developmental process of childhood can have impact on cognitive, behavioral, and motor function. This alteration of function often necessitates special education programming, modifications, and accommodations in the education setting for successful school reentry. Special education is not necessarily a special classroom, but an individualized set of educational needs, determined by a multidisciplinary school team, to promote educational success. The purpose of this article is to inform those pediatricians and pediatric allied health professionals treating children with CNS injury of the systems in place to support successful school reentry and their role in contributing to developing an appropriate educational plan. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:152–158.
Constraint‐induced movement therapy (CIMT): Pediatric applications
Authors: Brady Kathleen , Garcia Teressa 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to describe theoretical and research bases for constraint‐induced movement therapy (CIMT), to discuss key features and variations in protocols currently in use with children, and to review the results of studies of efficacy. CIMT has been found to be an effective intervention for increasing functional use of the hemiparetic upper extremity in adults with chronic disability from stroke. CIMT developed out of behavioral research on the phenomenon of “learned nonuse” of an upper extremity, commonly observed following sensory and/or motor CNS injury, in which failure to regain use persists even after a period of partial recovery. CIMT includes three key elements: (1) constraining the use of the less‐impaired upper extremity (UE); (2) intensive, repetitive daily therapist‐directed practice of motor movements with the impaired UE for an extended period (2–3 weeks); and (3) shaping of more complex action patterns through a process of rewarding successive approximations to the target action. Mechanisms responsible for success are thought to be separate but complementary, that is, operant conditioning (reversal of learned nonuse) and experience‐driven cortical reorganization. CIMT has recently been extended to children with hemiparesis secondary to perinatal stroke or other CNS pathology. Numerous case studies, as well as a small number of randomized controlled or controlled clinical trials have reported substantial gains in functional use of the hemiplegic UE following CIMT with children. Protocols vary widely in terms of type of constraint used, intensity and duration of training, and outcome measures. In general, all report gains in functional use, with minimal or no adverse effects. Continued research is needed, to clarify optimal protocol parameters and to further understand mechanisms of efficacy. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:102–111.
Predictors of outcome following acquired brain injury in children
Authors: Johnson Abigail R. , DeMatt Ellen , Salorio Cynthia F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAcquired brain injury (ABI) in children and adolescents can result from multiple causes, including trauma, central nervous system infections, noninfectious disorders (epilepsy, hypoxia/ischemia, genetic/metabolic disorders), tumors, and vascular abnormalities. Prediction of outcomes is important, to target interventions, allocate resources, provide education to family or caregivers, and begin appropriate planning for the future. Researchers have identified several factors associated with better or worse outcomes after ABI, including variables related to the injury itself, postinjury factors related to intervention or trajectory of recovery, and preinjury or demographic factors. When examining the scientific literature, it is important to identify how “outcome” is defined, as the predictors may change depending on the outcome studied. In addition, key variables may be specific to the etiology of injury. Therefore, predictors of outcome cannot be generalized across the various etiologies of ABI, and this review will discuss predictors within the context of multiple etiologies of ABI. This article reviews the current literature on predicting outcomes after pediatric ABI, and areas in need of further research are discussed. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:124–132.
Behavioral response to methylphenidate challenge: Influence of early life parental care
Authors: Engert Veronika , Joober Ridha , Meaney Michael J. , Hellhammer Dirk H. , Pruessner Jens C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRat studies have shown that pups subjected to suboptimal rearing conditions exhibited permanently dysregulated dopamine activity and altered behavioral responses to dopamine stimulation. In humans, heightened stress‐induced mesoaccumbens dopamine release in adults reporting low maternal care experience has been shown. We explored the relationship between quality of parental care and behavioral responsivity to reward and 20 mg of the dopamine agonist methylphenidate (MPH). Forty‐three male university students accomplished a monetarily rewarded card‐sorting task in a placebo controlled between‐subjects study design. In participants scoring above the cut‐off score for high parental care as assessed by the Parental Bonding Inventory, MPH decreased performance accuracy in the reward condition of the task. Contrarily, reward‐induced performance accuracy of low care participants was enhanced with MPH. Activity measures in response to reward and MPH were uninfluenced by parental care. This is the first human study to reveal that the behavioral MPH response interacts with early life parental care experience. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 408–416, 2009.
Protective effects of 1‐α‐hydroxyvitamin D3 on residual β‐cell function in patients with adult‐onset latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA)
Authors: Li Xia , Liao Lan , Yan Xiang , Huang Gan , Lin Jian , Lei Minxiang , Wang Xiangbing , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundPrevious in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that vitamin D could prevent pancreatic β‐cell destruction and reduce the incidence of autoimmune diabetes. In children with type 1 diabetes, vitamin D treatment produces moderate protective effects on residual β‐cell function and has proven to be safe. Therefore, we hypothesized that vitamin D might have protective effects on β‐cell function in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), a form of slowly progressive autoimmune type 1 diabetes.MethodsThirty‐five patients with LADA were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous insulin alone (n = 18) or insulin plus 1‐α‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (1‐α(OH)D3; 0.5 µg per day) (n = 17) for 1 year. Plasma C‐peptide levels in fasting state (FCP) and 2 h after 75‐g glucose load (PCP) were measured every 6 months with radioimmunoassay.ResultsBoth FCP and PCP levels stayed steady in the insulin plus 1‐α(OH)D3 group, while FCP decreased in insulin‐alone group (P = 0.006) during the 12‐month intervention. Seventy percent of patients treated with 1‐α(OH)D3 maintained or increased their FCP concentrations after 1 year of treatment, while only 22% of patients treated with insulin alone maintained stable FCP levels (P < 0.01). Further analysis on LADA subgroups with different durations of diabetes demonstrated that islet β‐cell function was better preserved (as reflected by significantly higher FCP and PCP levels) in the 1‐α(OH)D3 plus insulin group only in patients with diabetes duration no longer than 1 year. No severe side effects were observed in any group.ConclusionOur data suggest that 1‐alpha(OH)D3 plus insulin therapy can preserve pancreatic β‐cell function in patients with LADA. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.