bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismo-Tectonics, Crustal Velocity Structure and Moho Depth beneath the Dharwar Craton, India
Authors: Ande Ravi , Hazari Mousumi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The cross-correlation of continuous ambient noise data gathered from 35 broad-band seismographs over 18 months (February 2019 to August 2021), we produce Rayleigh-wave group velocity maps in the 5–28 s range. We supplement this with longer period data (40–70 s) from the earthquake source. Combining combined group velocity measurements with the tele-seismic receiver functions gathered at 50 stations—15 of which were operational from 1998 to 2012—was necessary to construct a shear velocity image of the crust. The crustal thickness of the late Archean (2.7 Ga) Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) is 34–38 km, but the crustal thickness of the mid-Archean and Proterozoic terrains is 40–50 km. The Western Dharwar Craton (WDC) is located 50 km away in the mid-Archean (3.36 Ga) greenstone region, which has the thickest crust. The average crustal velocity beneath the EDC is 3.70–3.78 km s-1, while the Moho depth and average crust velocity beneath the WDC are 3.80–3.95 km s-1. The thickness (Vs 3.8-4.2 km s1) of the lower crust varies significantly lateral, ranging from 10-15 km in the EDC to 20-30 km in the WDC. The lowest part of the crust (Vs 4.0 km s1) is thin (5 km) beneath the EDC, in contrast to the WDC, where the crust is thicker (10–27 km). We anticipate an intermediately composed crust beneath the EDC, akin to those of other cratons. The exposed WDC crust from the mid-Archean exhibits an unusual thickness and a greater mafic composition, in contrast to worldwide observations. We interpret this significant mafic crust as an undeformed geological section dating to 3.36 Ga. The EDC's very flat Moho, felsic to intermediate crust composition, and thin basal layer suggest that it was a reworked terrain during the late Archean.
Industrial-scale application of electrokinetics heralding a new era of sustainable mining
Authors: Zhu Jianxi , Wang Gaofeng , Liang Xiaoliang , Ling Bowen , Xu Jie , Yang Yongqiang , Kang Shichang , Tan Wei , Xu Yongjin , Zou Xiaoshan , Ran Lingyu , Wei Jingming , He Hongping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

A rapidly developing supply crisis for rare-earth elements (REEs) is unfolding as global demand continues to surge. We present successful implementations of an electrokinetic-mining (EKM) technique on an industrial-scale mining site with a capacity of 5000 tons, which overcomes upscaling challenges including electrode reliability, flow leakage, and mining efficiency, resulting in an outstanding 95% REE recovery rate with notably diminished environmental impacts. The findings establish a groundbreaking sustainable mining paradigm.
Declining precipitation frequency drivers earlier leaf senescence by intensifying drought stress and enhancing drought acclimation
Authors: Wu Chaoyang , Zhang Xinyi , Wang Xiaoyue , Zohner Constantin , Penuelas Josep , Li Yang , Wu Xiuchen , Zhang Yao , Liu Huiying , Shen Pengju , Jia Xiaoxu , Liu Wenbin , Tian Dashuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Precipitation is an important factor influencing the date of leaf senescence (DFS), which in turn affects carbon uptake of terrestrial ecosystems. However, the temporal patterns of precipitation frequency (Pfreq) and its impact on DFS remain largely unknown. Using both long-term carbon flux data and satellite observation of DFS across the Northern Hemisphere, here we show that, after excluding impacts from of temperature, radiation and total precipitation, declining Pfreq drives earlier DFS from 1982 to 2022. A decrease in Pfreq intensified drought stress by reducing root-zone soil moisture and increasing atmospheric dryness, and limit the photosynthesis necessary for sustained growth. The enhanced drought acclimation also explained the positive Pfreq-DFS relationship. We found plants experiencing decreased Pfreq showed a more rapid response to drought, as represented by a shorter drought response lag, a measure of the time between a drought event and the most severe reduction in vegetation growth. In particular, increased evapotranspiration with shorter drought response lag was observed, further implying an enhanced water acquisition strategy representing drought acclimation as showing in strengthening roots system to deeper water resources. Finally, we found 30 current state-of-art Earth system models largely failed to capture the sensitivity of DFS to changes in Pfreq and incorrectly predicted the direction of correlations for approximately half of the northern global lands, in both historical simulations and future predictions under various shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Our results therefore highlight the critical need to include precipitation frequency, rather than just total precipitation, into models to accurately forecast plant phenology under future climate change.
The role of Mediterranean diet in cancer incidence and mortality in the older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Giordano Giulia , Mastrantoni Luca , Terranova Roberta , Colloca Giuseppe , Zuccalà Giuseppe , Landi Francesco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The magnitude of benefit of Mediterranean diet in cancer prevention and mortality in older adults is still unclear, therefore we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Outcomes considered were cancer incidence and cancer mortality. In studies evaluating cancer incidence as a time-to-event endpoint and adherence as quantiles, HR was 0.885 (95% CI 0.773–1.013, I2 = 44%). Including ORs, exploratory pooled effect size was 0.876 (0.794–0.966, I2 = 34%), consistently with results of studies evaluating ORs for adherence as one-point increase (OR 0.744, 0.570–0.972, I2 = 90%). No clear benefit was observed on cancer mortality, with pooled HR of 0.935 (0.800-1.093, I2 = 0%). Significant interaction was observed for ORs according to cancer type but not between medium and high adherence for both outcomes. Our findings suggest that MD plays a protective role in cancer incidence in advanced age, but no clear effect on cancer mortality was observed.
Spinal Metastases: Impact of early surgery plus concomitant radiation compared to radiation therapy only on health-related quality of life and overall survival
Authors: Bonk Maximilian-Niklas , Sommer Björn , Krauß Philipp , Hackanson Björn , Kahl Klaus Henning , Stüben Georg , Trepel Martin , Märkl Bruno , Schaller Tina , Shiban Ehab 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Portions of this work were included in an oral presentation held at the Annual Meeting of the Neurological Surgeons in San Francisco, USA on October 16th, 2022.
Objective:
Spinal metastases can be associated with varying degrees of mechanical instability. The Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) was developed to assess neoplastic-induced spinal instability. This study aimed to compare the quality of life and overall survival of patients who underwent surgical instrumentation and radiation therapy versus those who only received radiation therapy for spinal metastases. Additionally, controversy continues as to whether vertebral body replacement is mandatory.
Methods:
This study aimed to compare the quality of life and overall survival of patients who underwent surgical instrumentation or vertebral body replacement and radiation therapy compared to those who only received radiation therapy for spinal metastases. The study design was a matched-paired analysis according to the SINS score, gender, age, histology and Karnofsky Performance Index. We included all patients who received dorsal instrumentation with a carbon-PEEK system between January 2020 and December 2021. As a comparison group, we chose patients from 2018 who were treated conservatively.
Results:
42 patients were identified in each group. The median age was 67 SD +/- 14.6 and 40% were female. The most common histology was plasmacytoma observed in 31% of cases, followed by bronchial cancer in 19%. Instable and potentially unstable fractures were observed in 76% and 24% of patients, respectively. The overall survival rate was 69% and 80% in the radiation therapy and surgery / radiation therapy groups, respectively. When analyzing quality of life, we selected walking ability as the main feature. At the follow-up time point, 100% of patients in the intervention group were able to walk, noting that 12% (n=5) were in the state of incomplete paraparesis (ASIA C) at the time of surgery. In the control group, walking ability was present in 79% of cases at the follow-up time point, with an initial ASIA score distribution of 95% ASIA E and 5% ASIA D.
Conclusion:
A tailored surgical approach according to the SINS score leads to longer overall survival and higher rates of preservation of walking ability in patients with spinal metastases. There is also evidence that primary 360 degree stabilization is not necessary in the oncological setting.
Clinical trial learning needs of musculoskeletal researchers: an inter-disciplinary consensus study by the Australia &amp; New Zealand Musculoskeletal Clinical Trials Network
Authors: Filbay Stephanie , Ferreira Giovanni , Metcalf Ben , Buchbinder Rachelle , Ramsay Helen , Abbott J.H , Darlow Ben , Zadro Joshua , Davidson Simon , Searle Emma , McKenzie Bayden , Hinman Rana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
To identify and prioritise clinical trial learning needs of musculoskeletal researchers in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, to inform development of an e-learning musculoskeletal clinical trials course.
Methods
A two-round online Delphi study was conducted with an inter-disciplinary panel of musculoskeletal researchers from Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, representing various career stages and roles, including clinician researchers and consumers with lived experience of musculoskeletal conditions. Round 1 involved panellists nominating 3–10 topics about musculoskeletal trial design and conduct that they believe would be important to include in an e-learning course about musculoskeletal clinical trials. Topics were synthesised and refined. Round 2 asked panellists to rate the importance of all topics (very important, important, not important), as well as select and rank their top 10 most important topics. A rank score was calculated whereby higher scores reflect higher rankings by panellists.
Results
Round 1 was completed by 121 panellists and generated 555 individual topics describing their musculoskeletal trial learning needs. These statements were grouped into 37 unique topics for Round 2, which was completed by 104 panellists. The topics ranked as most important were: 1) defining a meaningful research question (rank score 560, 74% of panellists rated topic as very important); 2) choosing the most appropriate trial design (rank score 410, 73% rated as very important); 3) involving consumers in trial design through to dissemination (rank score 302, 62% rated as very important); 4) bias in musculoskeletal trials and how to minimise it (rank score 299, 70% rated as very important); and 5) choosing the most appropriate control/comparator group (rank score 265, 65% rated as very important).
Conclusions
This Delphi study generated a ranked list of clinical trial learning needs of musculoskeletal researchers. Findings can inform training courses and professional development to improve researcher capabilities and enhance the quality and conduct of musculoskeletal clinical trials.
Research on dual-robot cooperative path planning for multi-material additive manufacturing
Authors: Li Mingyu , Li Pengcheng , Wei Delan , Lin Jiamei , Wei Xuewen , Tian Wei , Liao Wenhe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

To improve the efficiency of multi-material additive manufacturing and enhance the safety of multi-robot cooperative printing with uncertain execution delay, a dual-robot cooperative path planning method is proposed for the layer-by-layer printing mode. In the proposed algorithm, the description of the printing region is reconstructed by simply using the rectangular envelope region and two-dimensional directed line segment, and the adjacency list of the printing region is established to guide the optimization direction. Therefore, redundant information about the printing region is effectively removed, which is conducive to the optimization of the problem. A multi-round cooperation strategy with multiple synchronous starting points is proposed to accommodate uncertain execution delays by separating the space of the dual-robot printing area, so as to avoid the potential collision risk of dual-robot. To further optimize the printing efficiency, local strategies are used to reduce the makespan. Hence, a better printing order can be obtained, and states of cooperative and non-cooperative printing processes can be unified. In addition, the corresponding NC control strategy is designed for the industrial application of the cooperative strategy. The simulation result shows that this method can effectively reduce the makespan of dual-robot cooperative additive manufacturing, and accommodate the uncertain execution delay of the dual-robot.
Particle density and critical point for studying site percolation by finite size scaling
Authors: Xu Dian , Wang Shanshan , Gao Feng , Li Wei , Shen Jianmin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Machine learning has recently achieved remarkable success in studying phase transitions. It is generally believed that the latent variables of unsupervised learning can capture the information related to phase transitions, which is usually achieved through the so-called order parameter. In most models, for instance the Ising, the order parameters are simply the particle number densities. The percolation, the simplest model which can generate a phase transition, however, has a unique order parameter which is not particle number density. In this paper, we use unsupervised learning to study the relationship between particle number density, critical point, and latent variables in the site percolation model. It is found that if the input of learning is the original configuration, then the output of unsupervised learning does not convey any information related to the phase transition. Therefore, the maximum cluster is employed in order to effectively capture the critical point of the model. Unsupervised learning yields reliable results consistent with Monte Carlo simulations. We also propose a method called Fake Finite Size Scaling (FFSS) to calculate the critical value, which improves the accuracy of fitting to a great extent.
Logarithmic norm minimization of quaternion matrix decomposition for color image sparse representation
Authors: Cai Xiaomin , Ke Yi-Fen , Ma ChangFeng , Xie Yajun , Liao Ri-Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In this paper, incorporating the quaternion matrix framework, the logarithmic norm of quaternion matrices is employed to approximate rank. Unlike conventional sparse representation techniques for matrices, which treat RGB channels separately, quaternion-based methods maintain image structure by representing color images within a pure quaternion matrix. Leveraging the logarithmic norm, factorization and truncation techniques can be applied for proficient image recovery. Optimization of these approaches is facilitated through an alternate minimization framework, supplemented by meticulous mathematical scrutiny ensuring convergence. Finally, some numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Navigating Educational Paradigms: Examining Challenges and Perspectives of Critical Pedagogy Implementation in Ghanaian Elementary Schools
Authors: Nyamekye Ernest 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Current educational reforms in Africa aim to cultivate problem-solving and critical-thinking skills among early-childhood learners through a democratic educational approach. Ghana's newly adopted standards-based curriculum prioritizes the constructivist theory of learning. However, socio-cultural norms and teachers' perceptions in Ghana may hinder this goal. This study delves into teachers' and pupils' perspectives on implementing critical pedagogy to achieve educational aims. Employing an exploratory case study design, four public elementary schools in Cape Coast were involved, engaging 12 teachers and 20 pupils. Findings indicate teachers' reluctance towards critical pedagogy, viewing it as a challenge to their authority and a potential instigator of disobedience among pupils. Conversely, pupils perceive themselves as lacking the right to critique societal norms due to established conventions. This research offers insights for policymakers to address these challenges.
Potential assessment of CCUS source and sink and its matching research of deep unworkable seam in Huainan coalfield of China
Authors: Fang Huihuang , Yu Shua , Zhang Shiwen , Sang Shuxun , Liu Huihu , Guo Jinran , Wang Zhangfei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

It is of great significance for the engineering popularization of CO2-ECBM technology to evaluate the potential of CCUS source and sink and study the matching of pipeline network of deep unworkable seam. In this study, the deep unworkable seam was taken as the research object. Firstly, the evaluation method of CO2 storage potential in deep unworkable seam was discussed. Secondly, the CO2 storage potential was analyzed. Then, the matching research of CO2 source and sink was carried out, and the pipe network design was optimized. Finally, this study puts forward suggestions on the design of pipeline network from the perspective of time and space scales. The results show that the average annual CO2 emissions of coal-fired power plants vary greatly, and the total emissions are 58.7608 million tons. The CO2 storage potential in deep unworkable seam is huge with a total amount of 762 million tons, which can store CO2 for 12.97 years. During the 10-year period, the deep unworkable seam can store 587.6 million tons of CO2, and the cumulative length of pipeline is 251.6129 km with requiring a cumulative capital of 4.26*1010 dollars. In the process of CCUS source-sink matching, the cumulative saving mileage of carbon sink is 98.7502 km, and the cumulative saving cost is 25.669 billion dollars with accounting for 39.25% and 60.26% of the total mileage and cost, respectively. Based on the three-step approach, the whole line of CO2 source and sink in Huainan coalfield can be completed by stages and regions, and all CO2 transportation and storage can be realized. CO2 pipelines include gas collection and distribution branch lines, intra-regional trunk lines, and interregional trunk lines. Based on the reasonable layout of CO2 pipelines, a variety of CCUS applications can be simultaneously carried out, intra-regional and inter-regional CO2 transport network demonstrations can be built, and integrated business models of CO2 transport and storage can be simultaneously built on land and sea. The research results can provide reference for the evaluation of CO2 sequestration potential of China's coal bases, lay a foundation for the deployment of CCUS clusters, and promote the realization of China's dual-carbon strategy.
Comprehensive Assessment of Brassica juncea variety rugosa (Pahari Rai) Accessions from the Sub-Himalayan Region: Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Enzymatic, Mineral, and Fatty Acid Profiling
Authors: Adhikari Ankur , Punetha Himanshu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Brassica juncea var. rugosa (Pahari rai), a broad leafy cruciferous vegetable is an essential and easy source of nutrition with numerous health-promoting factors. The phytochemical and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts showed the highest phenolic, flavonoid, ODP, and tannin content observed in the EEC-25 leaf methanolic extract. The highest protein content in EEC-25 followed by IC-524259 and IC-350800. The foremost concentration of carbohydrates was observed in germplasms IC-363758 (31.47±0.31 mg glucose g-1), IC-410471 (31.12±0.18 mg glucose g-1) and EEC-25 (26.45±0.19 mg glucose g-1). In-vitro antioxidant potential viz., total antioxidant content was observed highest in EEC-25 methanolic leaf extract (41.91±0.28 mg AAE g-1), FRAP activity in EEC-25 (5.91±0.68 mg AAE g-1), maximum DPPH free radical scavenging activity in IC-597933 (IC50=21.45±3.4 μg mL-1), ABTS free radical scavenging activity in IC-524259 (94.17±0.48 μg mL-1), superoxide radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract of PR-15 (IC50=124.37 μg mL-1), highest metal ion chelating activity of EEC-25 methanolic extract (IC50=52.22 μg mL-1), maximum reducing power activity in EEC-25 and IC-399839, all being significantly different (p≤0.05) from each other. Positive correlations have been observed among the total antioxidant, total phenolic, total flavonoid content, ODP, DPPH, and FRAP. Micronutrient analysis Pahari rai leaf was observed to be a rich source of essential minerals such as Mn, Fe, Zn, Ca, Cu, and Mg. Pahari rai was observed to be a rich source of MUFA and PUFA. An essential metric for assessing the nutritional value of various edible oils is the ω6:ω3 ratio was observed to be maximum in IC-350800 (2.53), IC-338535 (2.34), and IC-410471 (2.19). The multiutility of this leafy vegetable against numerous pathological ailments was attributed to the pharmacological activities of phytochemicals and to the development of functional food for human consumption.
The Effectiveness of In-hospital Initiation Guideline-directed Medical Therapy on the Prognosis of Patients with Heart Failure after Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wang Xiao , Lei Mengjie , Wang Jingyao , Sun Xue , Li Cairong , Li Yachao , Zhao Zhigang , Xue Zengming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
o investigate the impact of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) during hospitalization on the prognosis of heart failure patients after acute anterior myocardial infarction.
Methods
From May 2017 to September 2022, 317 heart failure patients treated at a single center after acute anterior myocardial infarction were retrospectively investigated and analyzed based on whether GDMT during hospitalization for preventing ventricular remodeling (using at least one type of RAAS inhibitor, β receptor blocker, MRA, or SGLT2 inhibitor) was used. Patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were divided into two groups: the GDMT group (n=236) and the non-GDMT group (n=81), with a follow-up period of 12 months after PCI. The primary endpoint was the composite endpoint of all-cause death and all-cause readmission during follow-up.
Results
The incidence of primary endpoint events (10.2% vs. 19.8%, P=0.025), cardiac mortality and cardiac readmission composite events (7.2% vs. 14.8%, P=0.013), all-cause readmission events (9.3% vs. 19.8%, P=0.013), and cardiac readmission events (6.4% vs. 14.8%, P=0.019) in the GDMT group were lower than those in the non-GDMT group. Cox regression analysis revealed that the incidence of primary endpoint events, cardiac mortality and cardiac readmission composite endpoint events, all-cause readmission events, and cardiac readmission events in patients in the GDMT group were 0.397 times (HR 0.397; 95% CI0.207-0.759; P=0.005), 0.348 times (HR 0.348; 95% CI0.162-0.746; P=0.007), 0.377 times (HR 0.377; 95% CI0.195-0.730; P=0.004) and 0.320 times (HR 0.320; 95% CI0.146-0.700; P=0.004), respectively, than that in patients in the non-GDMT group. The benefits of primary endpoint events mainly come from readmission events.
Conclusion For heart failure patients who undergo PCI with acute anterior myocardial infarction, the GDMT during hospitalization reduces the incidence of readmission. And it is important to actively initiate GDMT as early as possible.