bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Gossypium hirsutum lines with cytoplasmic bollworm tolerance from Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium tomentosum
Authors: Ahuja S. L. , Banerjee S. K. , Singh J. , Singh P. , Singh V. V. , Monga D. , Tuteja O. P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAmerican cotton [Gossypium hirsutum (L.)] grown in India belongs to the race Latifolium. It is prone to bollworms [Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), Erias vitella (Fabricius), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)] infestation which causes considerable crop loss. Two breeding lines ‘Bikaneri (BN)‐arboreum (ARB)‐16’ and ‘BN‐tomentosum (TOM)‐277’ are cytoplasmic diverse genetic stocks. They were developed by crossing experimental lines ‘Delta Branch Experiment Station (DES)‐ARB16’ and ‘DES‐TOM277’ (non‐recurrent parents) with G. hirsutum‘BN’ (recurrent parent). Compared with BN these stocks possessed higher amount of gossypol, flavonol and phenol contents in leaves, stem and square. Plants were tolerant to bollworms and inherited comparable agronomic properties (yield, boll weight, plant height, number of monopods and sympods and fibre quality). Cotton breeders can use these lines for breeding cotton resistant to bollworm.
Practical Experience with the Treatment of Recipient Mares with a Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drug in an Equine Embryo Transfer Programme
Authors: Koblischke P , Budik S , Müller J , Aurich C 
Published: June 2009

ContentsAs part of a commercial embryo transfer programme, 20 embryos were transferred to spontaneously synchronous or synchronized recipient mares. In 14 cases, embryo recipients were treated with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID), receiving flunixin meglumine i.v. at the time of transfer and vedaprofen orally twice a day on the 3 days after embryo transfer, while six embryos were transferred to untreated mares that served as controls. Out of the 14 recipient mares treated with NSAID, 11 (79%) were pregnant at 6–8 days after transfer and in 10 mares, the pregnancy was continued. From the six untreated recipients, only one became pregnant but underwent early embryonic death between day 14 and 35 after ovulation. In conclusion, pregnancy rate in NSAID‐treated recipients is higher than that in untreated recipients and above reported average values, indicating that treatment of recipient mares with NSAID helps to increase pregnancy rates after transcervical transfer and can be recommended for equine embryo transfer.
Neuroprotective effects of pramipexole against tunicamycin‐induced cell death in PC12 cells
Authors: Nakayama Hitoshi , Zhao Jing , EI‐FAKhrany Amany , Isosaki Minoru , Satoh Hiroyasu , Kyotani Yoji , Yoshizumi Masanori 
Published: June 2009

SummaryPramipexole (PPX), a dopamine D2 and D3 receptor agonist, exerts neuroprotective effects via both dopamine receptor‐mediated and non‐dopaminergic mechanisms. In the present study, we demonstrate that PPX reduces the toxicity of tunicamycin, a typical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor, in PC12h cells, a subline of PC12 cells.The PC12h cells were treated with 300 μmol / L PPX in the presence of 0.5 μmol / L tunicamycin for 24 h. The neuroprotective effects of PPX against tunicamycin‐induced cell death were evaluated using 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2 thiazoyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays, Hoechst 33258 staining and western blot analysis.Tunicamycin (0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 μg / mL) dose‐dependently decreased MTT activity and increased LDH release from PC12h cells. Treatment with 300 μmol / L PPX rescued the tunicamycin‐induced decrease in cell viability.Spiperone (10 μmol / L), a dopamine D2 and D4 receptor antagonist, had no effect on PPX neuroprotection against tunicamycin in these cells. Marker proteins of ER stress and apoptosis are known to be upregulated by tunicamycin, but we detected no significant effects of PPX on these factors.In conclusion, we speculate that a combination of several mechanisms may be involved in PPX‐induced neuroprotection.
Feasibility of the ‘see and treat’ approach in management of women with ‘atypical squamous cell, cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion’ smears
Authors: Kietpeerakool Chumnan , Cheewakriangkrai Chalong , Suprasert Prapaporn , Srisomboon Jatupol 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the feasibility of the ‘see and treat’ approach in the management of women with ‘atypical squamous cell, cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion’ (ASC‐H) on cervical cytology.Methods:  All women with ASC‐H, who had undergone the see and treat approach between October 2004 and January 2008 at Chiang Mai University Hospital, were reviewed. Similar cohorts, who had undergone conventional management during the same period, were recruited as a comparative group.Results:  One‐hundred and eight women with ASC‐H smears were available for review. Fifty‐eight (53.7%) women had undergone see and treat approach and the remaining 50 had undergone conventional management. There was no significant difference in final histological diagnosis between the conventional and the see and treat group (P = 0.32). The time interval from colposcopy to final histological diagnosis in the see and treat group was shorter than that in the conventional group, particularly for women with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) histology or higher (P = 0.004). Of the 58 women in the see and treat group, 14 had no lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer) on loop electrosurgical excision procedure histology, for an overtreatment rate of 24.1% on the basis of cytology alone. When stratified by colposcopic findings, the overtreatment rate was 61.1% in women who had low‐grade lesions or lesser on colposcopy, which was significantly higher than that in women who had high‐grade lesions (7.5%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that women with low‐grade lesions or lesser on colposcopy had 18.25 times (95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.82–87.23, P < 0.001) greater risk of overtreatment after adjusting for age, parity, menopausal status, contraceptive methods and adequacy of colposcopy.Conclusion:  Selective use of the see and treat approach in women with ASC‐H smears who have high‐grade lesions on colposcopy is feasible with an acceptable overtreatment rate.
Investigation of β2‐adrenoceptor subtype selectivity and organ specificity for bedoradrine (KUR‐1246), a novel tocolytic beta‐adrenergic receptor stimulant
Authors: Inoue Yoshihito , Yoshizato Toshiyuki , Kawarabayashi Tatsuhiko 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the beta‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR) selectivity, organ specificity and efficacy of delaying the onset of spontaneous delivery of bedoradrine (KUR‐1246), a novel uterine relaxant.Methods: β‐AR selectivity was evaluated in terms of the amount of cyclic adenosine monophosphate produced by bedoradrine, ritodrine and isoprenaline in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human β1‐, β2‐AR or β3‐AR. Inhibition of contractions of the atrium, trachea and proximal colon by bedoradrine were compared with those of the uterus in pregnant rats using an organ bath method. Finally, the delaying effect of bedoradrine on spontaneous labor was evaluated by anin vivostudy using term pregnant rats.Results: EC50values of bedoradrine for cyclic adenosine monophosphate production in Chinese hamster ovary cells via β1‐, β2‐ and β3‐AR were 2400 ± 30, 2.9 ± 0.10 and 363 ± 3 nmol/L, respectively, indicating that bedoradrine had 832‐ and 126‐fold higher selectivity for β2‐AR than for β1‐ and β3‐AR. EC50values of bedoradrine for the uterus, atrium, trachea and proximal colon were 1.01 ± 0.27, 2300 ± 356, 1610 ± 299 and 219 ± 23.5 nmol/L, respectively. Thus, bedoradrine was 2280‐, 1590‐ and 217‐fold more specific for the uterus than for the atrium, trachea and proximal colon, respectively. Bedoradrine delayed the spontaneous delivery of 21‐day‐pregnant rats in a dose‐dependent manner.Conclusions: Bedoradrine is a promising drug for the treatment of preterm labor in obstetrical practice because it has better selectivity for β2‐AR and specificity for the uterus than currently used agents and may effectively delay spontaneous delivery.
Incontinence rates after cutting seton treatment for anal fistula
Authors: Ritchie R. D. , Sackier J. M. , Hodde J. P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective  To determine the incidence of anal incontinence after the use of cutting seton treatment for anal fistula.Method  Literature searches were performed on PubMed, MEDLINE and Google™ Scholar using the words ‘cutting seton(s)’, ‘seton(s)’ and ‘anal fistula’. An analysis of the data in the collected references was performed.Results  The average rate of incontinence following cutting seton use was 12%. The rate of incontinence increased as the location of the internal opening of the fistula moved more proximally. In the studies that described the types of incontinence, liquid stool was the most common followed closely by flatus incontinence. Incontinence associated with the treatment of fistulas defined as nonspecific cryptoglandular in nature was 18%.Conclusion  The high incontinence rates that result from the use of cutting setons suggest that this commonly used therapy can damage the continence musculature. Other techniques that do not involve cutting the sphincter, when available, should be preferred, especially for higher fistulas.
Radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: an analysis of perioperative and survival outcome
Authors: Manoharan Murugesan , Ayyathurai Rajinikanth , Soloway Mark S. 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVETo review the outcomes in a large group of patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial cancer (UC) of the bladder, by one surgical team.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 504 patients had RC for UC of the bladder between 1992 and 2007; 432 met the inclusion criteria and were analysed for survival and disease recurrence.RESULTSOf the 432 patients, (mean age 69 years; mean follow‐up 38 months, range 1–172), 240 (56%) and 179 (41%) had an ileal conduit and orthotopic neobladder for urinary diversion, respectively. The mortality rate within 30 days of RC was 2%; 105 (24%) patients developed local and/or distant recurrence with a mean interval of 13.6 months. The overall survival, recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) at 5 years was 58%, 64% and 74%, respectively, and 43%, 62% and 68% at 10 years. The 5‐year RFS and DSS for those with organ‐confined, node‐negative tumours was 81% and 91%, compared to 46% and 56% in those with extravesical extension and lymph node‐negative tumours. The RFS and DSS of patients with lymph node metastasis at 5 years was 29% and 40%, respectively.CONCLUSIONOur study reaffirms that RC with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection offers a reasonable possibility of disease control at 5 years, with a DSS of 74%. However, there is a need for an earlier diagnosis and effective systemic therapy if additional gains in survival are to be delivered.
Initial experience of robotic nephroureterectomy: a hybrid‐port technique
Authors: Park Sung Yul , Jeong Wooju , Ham Won Sik , Kim Won Tae , Rha Koon Ho 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVETo report a new technique of robot‐assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (RANU) using a hybrid port, as RANU has recently become a minimally invasive treatment option for upper tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).PATIENTS AND METHODSEleven consecutive patients underwent RANU by one surgeon. The first six patients were repositioned after the nephrectomy, from flank to lithotomy position, and the robot was re‐docked for excision of the distal ureter and bladder cuff. The last five patients were treated by a new RANU technique that did not require a change of position or movement of the patient cart. We analysed data obtained before, during and after RANU.RESULTSThe total operative duration was reduced by ≈50 min in last five patients. There was no improvement in hospital stay or estimated blood loss. There were no transfusions and positive surgical margins in any patient. Maintaining the patient in a flank position allows gravity to displace the bowel away from the distal ureter, not only shortening the surgery but also improving exposure of the distal ureterectomy and closure of the bladder cuff.CONCLUSIONSThe new RANU technique is a safe and feasible treatment option for upper tract TCC.
Minimally invasive surgical management of pelvic‐ureteric junction obstruction: update on the current status of robotic‐assisted pyeloplasty
Authors: Uberoi Jayant , Disick Grant I.S. , Munver Ravi 
Published: June 2009

BACKGROUNDPelvi‐ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction is characterized by a functionally significant impairment of urinary transport caused by intrinsic or extrinsic obstruction in the area where the ureter joins the renal pelvis. The majority of cases are congenital in origin; however, acquired conditions at the level of the ureteropelvic junction may also present with symptoms and signs of obstruction. Historically, open pyeloplasty and endoscopic techniques have been the main surgical options with the intent of complete excision or incision of the obstruction. The advent of laparoscopy and robotic‐assisted applications has allowed for minimally invasive reconstructive surgery that mirrors open surgical techniques.AIMSWe review the current status of robotic‐assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty and report on the result, continuing evolution, and potential role for this surgical procedure.MATERIALS AND METHODSA review of the recent literature encompassing laparoscopic and robotic‐assisted pyeloplasty was conducted with particular attention to operative techniques, surgical outcomes, and complication rates.RESULTSLaparoscopic and robotic‐assisted approaches are able to duplicate the open technique, and not surprisingly, are now being shown to be as efficacious as the gold standard open approach. The laparoscopic remains technically challenging due to the high proficiency level required for intracorporeal suturing, although added experience has resulted in shorter operative times. The advent of robotics has further expanded the breadth of this reconstructive procedure while preserving the benefits of decreased pain, shorter hospitalization, rapid convalescence, and an improved cosmetic result.DISCUSSIONThe introduction of robotics to the field of minimally invasive surgery facilitates this procedure and may allow for more widespread implementation by surgeons of varying skill levels. These benefits must be balanced against the increased costs of the robotic platform.CONCLUSIONClinical reports have demonstrated that robotic‐assisted pyeloplasty is a safe, feasible, and effective technique for treating ureteropelvic junction obstruction in short term studies. Additional studies with prolonged follow‐up will ultimately provide valuable information as to the long‐term efficacy of robotic‐assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty.
‘Brain circulation’ and transnational knowledge networks: studying long‐term effects of academic mobility to Germany, 1954–2000
Authors: JÖNS HEIKE 
Published: June 2009

Abstract‘Brain circulation’ has become a buzzword for describing the increasingly networked character of highly skilled migration. In this article, the concept is linked to academics' work on circular mobility to explore the long‐term effects of their research stays in Germany during the second half of the twentieth century. Based on original survey data on more than 1800 former visiting academics from 93 countries, it is argued that this type of brain circulation launched a cumulative process of subsequent academic mobility and collaboration that contributed significantly to the reintegration of Germany into the international scientific community after the Second World War and enabled the country's rise to the most important source for international co‐authors of US scientists and engineers in the twenty‐first century. In this article I discuss regional and disciplinary specificities in the formation of transnational knowledge networks through circulating academics and suggest that the long‐term effects can be fruitfully conceptualized as accumulation processes in ‘centres of calculation’.
Transnational sexual and gendered violence: an application of border sexual conquest at a Mexico—US border
Authors: MORALES MARIA CRISTINA , BEJARANO CYNTHIA 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDrawing on transnational and postcolonial feminism, we discuss the phenomenon of border sexual conquest to highlight structural sexual and gendered violence that is exacerbated by the subjugation of local place and by the global political economy. While we have gained important insights from the literature on gender and transnationalism, the processes of sexual violence and gendered violence are underdeveloped. We focus our analysis on the Mexico—US border cities of Cuidad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico and El Paso, Texas, USA. We argue that what we call border sexual conquest confronts the feminicides in Juárez and the female proletariats on both sides of the border. Moreover, while structural violence approaches under theorize struggles over power, the perspective of border sexual conquest highlights how processes of conquest intertwine with women's resistance.
Neuroprotective effect ofScutellaria baicalensison spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Yune Tae Y. , Lee Jee Y. , Cui Chun M. , Kim Ho C. , Oh Tae H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInflammation has been known to play an important role in the pathogenesis after spinal cord injury (SCI). Microglia are activated after injury and produce a variety of proinflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, cyclooxygenase‐2, and reactive oxygen species leading to apoptosis of neurons and oligodendrocytes. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of total ethanol extract ofScutellaria baicalensis(EESB),after SCI. Using primary microglial cultures, EESB treatment significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide‐induced expression of such inflammatory mediators as tumor necrosis factor‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, cyclooxygenase‐2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production were significantly attenuated by EESB treatment. Forin vivostudy, rats that had received a moderate spinal cord contusion injury at T9 received EESB orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg. EESB inhibited expression of proinflammatory factors and protein carbonylation and nitration after SCI. EESB also inhibited microglial activation at 4 h after injury. Furthermore, EESB significantly inhibited apoptotic cell death of neurons and oligodendrocytes and improved functional recovery after SCI. Lesion cavity and myelin loss were also reduced following EESB treatment. Thus, our data suggest that EESB significantly improve functional recovery by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress after injury.
The cyclophilin inhibitor Debio 025 normalizes mitochondrial function, muscle apoptosis and ultrastructural defects inCol6a1−/−myopathic mice
Authors: Tiepolo T , Angelin A , Palma E , Sabatelli P , Merlini L , Nicolosi L , Finetti F , Braghetta P , Vuagniaux G , Dumont J‐M , Baldari CT , Bonaldo P , Bernardi P 
Published: June 2009

Background and purpose: We have investigated the therapeutic effects of the selective cyclophilin inhibitor D‐MeAla3‐EtVal4‐cyclosporin (Debio 025) in myopathicCol6a1−/−mice, a model of muscular dystrophies due to defects of collagen VI.Experimental approach: We studied calcineurin activity based on NFAT translocation; T cell activation based on expression of CD69 and CD25; propensity to open the permeability transition pore in mitochondria and skeletal muscle fibres based on the ability to retain Ca2+and on membrane potential, respectively; muscle ultrastructure by electronmicroscopy; and apoptotic rates by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labelling assays inCol6a1−/−mice before after treatment with Debio 025.Key results: Debio 025 did not inhibit calcineurin activity, yet it desensitizes the mitochondrial permeability transition porein vivo. Treatment with Debio 025 prevented the mitochondrial dysfunction and normalized the apoptotic rates and ultrastructural lesions of myopathicCol6a1−/−mice.Conclusions and implications: Desensitization of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore can be achieved by selective inhibition of matrix cyclophilin D without inhibition of calcineurin, resulting in an effective therapy ofCol6a1−/−myopathic mice. These findings provide an important proof of principle that collagen VI muscular dystrophies can be treated with Debio 025. They represent an essential step towards an effective therapy for Ullrich Congenital Muscular Dystrophy and Bethlem Myopathy, because Debio 025 does not expose patients to the potentially harmful effects of immunosuppression.
Persistent Deficits in Heart Rate Response Habituation Following Neonatal Binge Ethanol Exposure
Authors: Morasch Katherine C. , Hunt Pamela S. 
Published: June 2009

Background:  We have previously shown that the rate of habituation of the heart rate orienting response to a novel odor in rats is negatively affected by neonatal ethanol exposure. Thus far, however, only young rats (16 days of age) have been tested. Given the persistence of attention and memory problems evident in humans exposed to ethanol in utero, the purpose of this experiment was to examine the longer‐term consequences of ethanol exposure on response habituation.Methods:  Ethanol (5.25 g/kg/d) was administered intragastrically to male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats on postnatal days (PD) 4 to 9, and controls were given sham intubations. Animals were tested for heart rate orienting and response habituation to a novel olfactory stimulus (amyl acetate) on PD 16, 23, or 30.Results:  Animals tested on PD 16 or 23 showed normal heart rate deceleration to the novel odor, a measure of the orienting response. However, ethanol‐treated subjects showed impaired response habituation compared with sham controls. While controls exhibited complete habituation within 4 to 5 trials, ethanol‐treated animals continued to respond throughout the testing session, with little decrement in heart rate response magnitude across 10 stimulus presentations. A different pattern of responding was observed in animals tested during adolescence (PD 30). Control animals failed to show the typical heart rate decrease indicative of orienting, and instead showed a tendency toward tachycardia. In contrast, ethanol‐treated animals tested on PD 30 showed orienting bradycardia that persisted for several trials.Conclusions:  These data suggest that there are relatively long‐term consequences of neonatal ethanol exposure on nonassociative memory. This impairment in habituation may be relevant to the distractibility and poor focused attention that is pervasive among humans diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.