bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framework for understanding misleading information in daily shopping
Authors: Clement Jesper , Skovgaard Andersen Mette , O'Doherty Jensen Katherine 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of disagreement between companies and consumers with respect to misleading information and to make suggestions as to how the conflict might be resolved.Design/methodology/approachBased on qualitative research methods, the authors discuss possible grounds for controversies with respect to product information and present a possible framework, inspired by the work of Boltanski and Thévenot, for examining these controversies.FindingsAn analysis of arguments shows that consumer representatives and companies, not surprisingly, agree on general moral principles as, for instance, the importance of not lying about the product; however they tend to disagree about where the boundaries between acceptable and misleading information should be drawn in practice. The findings point to the fact that the differences might partly be explained by Boltanski and Thévenots' “orders of worth” and that this classification would seem to provide a fruitful tool for identifying the character and basis of differences of opinions regarding whether or not product information is deemed to be misleading and hence form the basis for a new tool in the management toolbox for testing potentially misleading information.Research limitations/implicationsThe data behind the analysis are limited and retrieved in a Danish environment, for which reason more research should be carried out in order to broaden the perspectives of the research.Practical implicationsTo reduce controversies the paper proposes a reciprocal recognition of the particular order of worth from which an assessment is made.Originality/valueQualitative methods, in this case the combination of qualitative interviews combined with an analysis of arguments, shed light on the core problem concerning misleading information.
Economic model for maintenance decision: a case study for mill liners
Authors: Dandotiya Rajiv , Lundberg Jan 
Published: March 2012

PurposeWear life of mill liners is an important parameter concerning maintenance decision for mill liners. Variations in process parameters such as different ore properties due to the use of multiple ore types influence the wear life of mill liners whereas random order of processing, processing time and monetary value of different ore types leads to variation in mill profitability. The purpose of the present paper is to develop an economic decision model considering the variations in process parameters and maintenance parameters for making more cost‐effective maintenance decisions.Design/methodology/approachCorrelation studies, experimental results and experience of industry experts are used for wear life modeling whereas simulation is used for maximizing mill profit to develop economic decision model. The weighting approach and simulation have been considered to emphasize the contribution of parameters such as ore value and processing time of a specific ore type to a final result.FindingsA model for estimating lifetime of mill liners has been developed based on ore properties. The lifetime model is combined with a replacement interval model to determine the optimum replacement interval for the mill liners which considers process parameters of multiple ore types. The finding of the combined model results leads to a significant improvement in mill profit. The proposed combined model also shows that an optimum maintenance policy can not only reduce the downtime costs, but also affect the process performance, which leads to significant improvement in the savings of the ore dressing mill.Practical implicationsThe proposed economic decision model is practically feasible and can be implemented within the ore dressing mill industries. Using the model, the cost‐effective maintenance decision can increase the profit of the organization significantly.Originality/valueThe novelty is that the new combined model is applicable and useful in replacement decision making for grinding mill liners, in complex environment, e.g. processing multiple ore types, different monetary value of the ore type and random order of ore processing.
World city growth model and empirical application of Beijing
Authors: Yongling Yao , Lushan Shi 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to set up a growth model for a world city, in order to determine the roles of government and enterprises. With the model, the authors of this paper want to test the efficiencies between governmental and enterprise investment for the experience of Beijing.Design/methodology/approachThe paper proves the contributions of enterprise and governmental investment for a world city by three assumptions. It then sets up a growth model for a world city by taking the variable of governmental investment instead of the labor variable in the Solow Growth Model. With C‐D function, the paper sets up an empirical growth model of the world city of Beijing by ordinary least squares (OLS) regression.FindingsResults of OLS show that the elasticity of enterprises operating surplus to world city growth is bigger than the one of governmental expenditure to world city growth, which indicates that the investment ability of the private sector has more efficient effectiveness on a world city than governmental investment. Meanwhile, technological progress also has weak effectiveness for world city growth from the regression of C‐D function.Practical implicationsWhen the public and private sectors were taken into account for world city growth, the role of government investment is constructing a fair environment for enterprises' competition and encouraging innovation in the private sector, as well as enhancing efficient policy for innovation application in the private sector.Originality/valueThe paper sets up a growth model with the variables of private and public factors taking the place of the variable of labor in the Solow Growth Model with government investment. The model can be adopted to explain the dynamics of world city growth in a transition economy.
Marketing and technology strategies for innovative performance
Authors: Sicotte Hélène , Drouin Nathalie , Delerue Hélène 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine organizational project management (OPM) as an integrative mechanism to mediate marketing and technology strategies for innovative performance. In addition, the moderating effects of firm size and turbulence on the relationships between marketing strategy, technology strategy, OPM, and innovative performance are examined.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used empirical data derived from a survey of 5,000 firms worldwide in fast‐paced R&D intensive sectors. Respondents were typically chief technology officers or senior R&D managers. Fisher test and moderated regression analysis were applied on 715 usable questionnaires.FindingsEvidence is found that OPM has a positive effect on innovative performance; and intervenes in the relationship between both strategies and innovative performance. The results also show some moderating effects of turbulence.Practical implicationsMarketing and technology strategies impact innovative performance, but part of this influence is established through OPM. Thus, OPM appears to be a good vehicle to translate strategies into concrete results. Project management can no longer be viewed as just a tool. Instead, OPM should be viewed as a decentralized, distributed function that is not innovative as such, but which supports innovation.Originality/valueTo date, the research has not explored OPM as an alternative whereby firms can integrate marketing and technology strategies to drive innovative performance, even if the firm's ability to generate a stream of innovations has become increasingly important. Therefore, probing the OPM links become an interesting search.
The impact of government R&D investments on patent technology transfer activities of Chinese universities
Authors: Rao Kai , Meng Xian‐fei , Piccaluga Andrea 
Published: March 2012

PurposeTriple helix theory stresses co‐evolution and interaction among governments, enterprises and universities, and is paid great attention by governments, universities and enterprises worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role that Chinese government R&D investments play in the interaction between enterprises and universities.Design/methodology/approachBasing on provincial panel data of Chinese universities from 2004‐2010, the impact of government R&D investments on patent technology transfer activities of Chinese universities is studied by empirical analysis. More specifically, the paper examines the impact of both Chinese government R&D funding and national R&D programs on the number and the revenue of patent technology transfer contracts.FindingsThe study finds that the amount of government R&D funding and the number of 973 Programs in one region have significantly increased the number and the revenue of patent technology transfer contracts in that region. Moreover, the number of National S&T Pillar Programs, 863 Program and National Natural Science Foundation Program are also determinants of the number of patent technology transfer contracts.Originality/valueThis paper studies government's role in university‐enterprise patent technology transfer activities in a Chinese context. It reveals a government‐dominant position to promote patent technology transfer activities in Chinese triple helix model. It also provides a reference for decision makers in governments, industries and universities.
Government performance auditing demand research based on the neo‐institutional economics
Authors: Fan Hui 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper, based on the institution change theory, is to analyze the factors which influence the auditees' demand for government performance auditing (GPA).Design/methodology/approachThis study acquired the data by survey. The author investigated the government officials and the state‐owned enterprises and institutions' senior managers from 28 provinces and cities, then used the econometrics model to test the hypotheses.FindingsBy analyzing the survey data, it is found that the respondents who come from the region where the economy is less developed and the legislative level is lower have more demand for the performance auditing; the respondents' knowledge about the GPA has not increased their demand; the auditing penalty effects has negative impact on the demand for performance auditing and the organizational support has positive effects on their demand.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings in this study suggest that there is not enough GPA supply in the region where the economy is less developed and the legislative level is lower, and that the auditees have not realized the benefits of GPA, although they know something about the GPA.Practical implicationsThe national audit office and its branches should pay more attention to the region where the developmental level of GPA is lower and allocate the auditing resources more efficiently. The government officials should learn more about GPA to realize its benefits and distinguish GPA from the other kinds of government auditing, such as the financial revenues and expenditures auditing. Moreover, the government at all levels should give substantial support to GPA.Originality/valueThe paper empirically analyzes, for the first time, the government auditees' demand for GPA. The paper extends previous studies in this field by surveying auditees who have been neglected but have important impact on the development of GPA.
Genetic mapping of recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis in a population ofNorthAmericanThoroughbreds
Authors: Fritz K. L. , McCue M. E. , Valberg S. J. , Rendahl A. K. , Mickelson J. R. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryRecurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis is a heritable disorder that results in painful skeletal muscle cramping with exercise in up to 10% of all Thoroughbred racehorses. Here, we report a genome‐wide association study with 48 282SNPs analyzed among 48 case and 37 control Thoroughbreds. The most significantSNPs spanned approximately 13 Mb onECA16, and theP‐value of the most significantSNPafter correcting for population structure was 8.0 × 10−6. This region onECA16 was further evaluated by genotyping 247SNPs in both the initial population and a second population of 34 case and 98 control Thoroughbreds. SeveralSNPs across the 13‐Mb region onECA16 showed significance when each population was analyzed separately; however, the exact positions of the most significantSNPs within this region onECA16 varied between populations. This variability in location may be attributed to lack of power owing to insufficient sample sizes within each population individually, or to the relative distribution of long, conserved haplotypes, characteristic of the Thoroughbred breed. Future genome‐wide association studies with additional horses would likely improve the power to resolve casual loci located onECA16 and increase the likelihood of detecting any additional loci on other chromosomes contributing to disease susceptibility.
Nucleotide variability and haplotype heterogeneity at the porcine fat mass and obesity‐associated (FTO) gene
Authors: Fontanesi L. , Russo V. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryA large number of studies have confirmed that variants within the fat mass and obesity‐associated (FTO) gene are associated with higher obesity risk in humans. We and others have shown that FTO polymorphisms are associated with fat deposition and related traits in several pig populations, thus confirming the role of this gene in fatness across species. However, some differences observed in different pig populations may be derived, at least in part, from genetic heterogeneity at this locus. Here, we characterise the nucleotide variability and haplotype diversity of the porcine FTO gene in breeds having different predispositions to fat deposition traits. We resequenced 4749 bp of coding and non‐coding regions of the porcine FTO gene in 44 pigs of eight different breeds and identified 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and four insertions/deletions. A positive Tajima's D‐value (P < 0.10) obtained in Italian Duroc pigs may be compatible with putative balancing selection. From the sequenced pig panel, 20 haplotypes were inferred, some of which clustered according to the breed of origin (Meishan and Italian Duroc). Genetic heterogeneity at this locus could complicate the dissection of the effects of this gene on fat deposition and production traits in pigs. This situation resembles, to some extent, what has been reported in humans, thus making the study of the porcine FTO gene variability especially interesting, as it could be used as a model to understand the complex and elusive role of this gene in human obesity.
Inferring the recent ancestry of myostatin alleles affecting muscle mass in cattle
Authors: O'Rourke B. A. , Greenwood P. L. , Arthur P. F. , Goddard M. E. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryDouble muscling is an inherited condition in cattle characterised by large increases in muscle mass. Mutations in the myostatin (MSTN) gene, responsible for double muscling, were targeted in this study to estimate the time since the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) for Q204X (p.Gln204*), E226X (p.Glu226*), 821del11 (c.821del11), E291X (p.Glu291*), C313Y (p.Cys313Tyr) and the more phenotypically moderate F94L (p.Phe94Leu) mutation. Genetic variability was examined in eight regions upstream and downstream of the MSTN locus. The molecular distance of the homozygous region associated with each MSTN allele was used to estimate the TMRCA. Long homozygous segments were associated with the MSTN alleles (mostly > 2 Mb), compared to short segments (130 kb) for cattle wild type at the double muscling and F94L sites. Estimates of time indicated that each MSTN allele had a recent common ancestor (<400 years ago). The results from this study, and the increasing frequency of these MSTN alleles in some cattle breeds, demonstrate recent positive selection.
Aspergillus fumigatus mitochondrial electron transport chain mediates oxidative stress homeostasis, hypoxia responses and fungal pathogenesis
Authors: Grahl Nora , Dinamarco Taisa Magnani , Willger Sven D. , Goldman Gustavo H. , Cramer Robert A. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryWe previously observed that hypoxia is an important component of host microenvironments during pulmonary fungal infections. However, mechanisms of fungal growth in these in vivo hypoxic conditions are poorly understood. Here, we report that mitochondrial respiration is active in hypoxia (1% oxygen) and critical for fungal pathogenesis. We generated Aspergillus fumigatus alternative oxidase (aoxA) and cytochrome C (cycA) null mutants and assessed their ability to tolerate hypoxia, macrophage killing and virulence. In contrast to ΔaoxA, ΔcycA was found to be significantly impaired in conidia germination, growth in normoxia and hypoxia, and displayed attenuated virulence. Intriguingly, loss of cycA results in increased levels of AoxA activity, which results in increased resistance to oxidative stress, macrophage killing and long‐term persistence in murine lungs. Thus, our results demonstrate a previously unidentified role for fungal mitochondrial respiration in the pathogenesis of aspergillosis, and lay the foundation for future research into its role in hypoxia signalling and adaptation.
Changes in methylation patterns of multiple genes from peripheral blood leucocytes of Alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Hou Yaping , Chen Huayun , He Qiong , Jiang Wei , Luo Tao , Duan Jinhai , Mu Nan , He Yunshao , Wang Huaqiao 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundEfforts aiming at identifying biomarkers and corresponding methods for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) might be the most appropriate strategy to initiate promising new treatments and/or prevention of ADObjectiveThe aim of our study is to assess the association of DNA methylation pattern of various leucocyte genes with AD pathogenesis in order to find potential biomarkers and corresponding methods for molecular diagnosis of AD.MethodsDNA methylation level of various genes in AD patients and normal population were compared by bisulphite sequencing PCR and methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Furthermore, real-time PCR was used to explore the effects of DNA methylation on the expression of target genes.ResultsResults showed significant hypermethylation of mammalian orthologue of Sir2 (SIRT1) gene in AD patients compared with normal population. Meanwhile, changes in methylation level of SIRT1 gene between different severities of AD were also found. Specific primers were designed from the SIRT1 CpG islands to differentiate AD and control group by MSP method. Besides, significant demethylation of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene was observed in AD patients, whereas no difference was observed in other AD-related genes. Moreover, significant decrease in expression of SIRT1 gene and increase in expression of APP gene were also found in AD patients. In addition, the expression level of SIRT1/APP genes was associated with the severity, but not with the age or gender, of AD patients.Conclusion:SIRT1 and APP might be the interesting candidate biomarkers and valuable for clinical diagnosis or treatment of AD.
Clearing and Collateral Mandates: A New Liquidity Trap?
Authors: Pirrong Craig 
Published: March 2012

All too often, legislative solutions to some financial crisis have serious consequences that are both unwanted and unintended. The author of this article foresees several possible negative consequences arising from Title VII of the Dodd‐Frank Act, which mandates that eligible derivatives be cleared through central counterparties (CCPs) that require initial and variation margin. The new legislation also requires that the remaining non‐cleared derivatives that are traded by some market participants be more heavily collateralized.The Act's authors have argued that derivatives pose uniquely dangerous systemic risks because of the leverage and counterparty risk associated with them. Increased collateralization, their thinking goes, would reduce derivatives‐related leverage and the systemic risk to the financial system associated with such leverage.The author argues that these hopes are unduly optimistic because they fail to recognize how market participants can substitute other forms of leverage, such as bank lines of credit or collateral transformation trades, for the leverage derivatives provided previously. The author also believes that the larger collateral mandates and frequent marking‐to‐market will make the financial system more vulnerable since margin requirements tend to be “pro‐cyclical.” And more rigid collateralization mechanisms can restrict the supply of funding liquidity, and lead to spikes in funding liquidity demand that can reduce the liquidity of traded instruments and generate destabilizing feedback loops. The fragmentation of CCPs across jurisdictions and products will lead to greater demand for CCP‐eligible collateral to maintain the same level of hedging transactions. This demand will likely be met by using riskier assets as collateral and encourage the shadow banking system to create new assets that can be posted as collateral (for example, via collateral transformation services).In sum, although the Dodd‐Frank rules are intended to reduce systemic risk, their expected impact on liquidity makes it a very open question as to whether they will achieve this goal. Although they may reduce some risks, they will simply shift others while possibly creating new ones.
Revisiting the Illiquidity Discount for Private Companies: A New (and “Skeptical”) Restricted‐Stock Study
Authors: Comment Robert 
Published: March 2012

Data from restricted‐stock studies are routinely used by business‐valuation analysts and small‐business appraisers to estimate discounts for lack of marketability, or DLOMs, which are then applied in the valuation of private companies. The rationale for the use of such DLOMs is that, even after an investor is compensated for the risk associated with holding an asset, an asset held unwillingly (due to illiquidity) must be worth less than if the asset were held by choice. But the same rationale can also be applied to the DLOM on riskless assets (such as Treasuries), and the evidence is consistent with a DLOM on such assets of only about 2.5%. This in turn suggests that any DLOM larger than 2.5% amounts to a second round of discounting for risk (where the first round occurs in a DCF or similar core valuation).Discounting with conventionally measured DLOMs is likely to be redundant because liquidity or marketability is highly correlated with company size, and size is already an important determinant of discount rates. Existing evidence suggests that, before DLOMs are applied, real‐world valuations of small businesses typically include discounts of as much as 50% for lack of size. And given that restricted‐stock studies are routinely used to support DLOMs of 20% to 40%, the valuation discounts resulting from this procedure are likely to be much too large. In contrast to industry practice, the author's study of a large sample of private placements of equity produces evidence consistent with use of a DLOM no greater than 5% or 6%.
Hamman‐Rich syndrome revisited: how to avoid misdiagnosis
Authors: Fujita Jiro , Tohyama Masato , Haranaga Shusaku , Cash Haley L. , Higa Futoshi , Tateyama Masao 
Published: March 2012

Please cite this paper as: Fujita et al. (2012) Hamman‐Rich syndrome revisited: How to avoid misdiagnosis. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750‐2659.2012.00353.x.