bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced microfluidic multi-target separation by positive and negative magnetophoresis
Authors: Khashan Saud , Odhah Abdulkarem A. , Taha Marwan , Alazzam Anas , Al-Fandi Mohamed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe introduce magnetophoresis-based microfluidics for sorting biological targets using positive Magnetophoresis (pM) for magnetically labeled particles and negative Magnetophoresis (nM) for label-free particles. A single, externally magnetized ferromagnetic wire induces repulsive forces and is positioned across the focused sample flow near the main channel's closed end. We analyze magnetic attributes and separation performance under two transverse dual-mode magnetic configurations, examining magnetic fields, hydrodynamics, and forces on microparticles of varying sizes and properties. In pM, the dual-magnet arrangement (DMA) for sorting three distinct particles shows higher magnetic gradient generation and throughput than the single-magnet arrangement (SMA). In nM, the numerical results for SMA sorting of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and prostate cancer cells (PC3-9) demonstrate superior magnetic properties and throughput compared to DMA. Magnetized wire linear movement is a key design parameter, allowing device customization. An automated device for handling more targets can be created by manipulating magnetophoretic repulsion forces. The transverse wire and magnet arrangement accommodate increased channel depth without sacrificing efficiency, yielding higher throughput than other devices. Experimental validation using soft lithography and 3D printing confirms successful sorting and separation, aligning well with numerical results. This demonstrates the successful sorting and separating of injected particles within a hydrodynamically focused sample in all systems. Both numerical and experimental findings indicate a separation accuracy of 100% across various Reynolds numbers. The primary channel dimensions measure 100 µm in height and 200 µm in width. N52 permanent magnets were employed in both numerical simulations and experiments. For numerical simulations, a remanent flux density of 1.48 T was utilized. In the experimental setup, magnets measuring 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.125 inches and 0.5 × 0.5 × 1 inch were employed. The experimental data confirm the device's capability to achieve 100% separation accuracy at a Reynolds number of 3. However, this study did not explore the potential impact of increased flow rates on separation accuracy.
NIR light-activated nanocomposites combat biofilm formation and enhance antibacterial efficacy for improved wound healing
Authors: Ullah Irfan , Khan Shahin Shah , Ahmad Waqar , Liu Luo , Rady Ahmed , Aldahmash Badr , Yu Yingjie , Wang Jian , Wang Yushu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNanoparticle-based therapies are emerging as a pivotal frontier in biomedical research, showing their potential in combating infections and facilitating wound recovery. Herein, selenium-tellurium dopped copper oxide nanoparticles (SeTe-CuO NPs) with dual photodynamic and photothermal properties were synthesized, presenting an efficient strategy for combating bacterial infections. In vitro evaluations revealed robust antibacterial activity of SeTe-CuO NPs, achieving up to 99% eradication of bacteria and significant biofilm inhibition upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Moreover, in vivo studies demonstrated accelerated wound closure upon treatment with NIR-activated SeTe-CuO NPs, demonstrating their efficacy in promoting wound healing. Furthermore, SeTe-CuO NPs exhibited rapid bacterial clearance within wounds, offering a promising solution for wound care. Overall, this versatile platform holds great promise for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria and advancing therapeutic interventions in wound management.
Cortical signatures of auditory looming bias show cue-specific adaptation between newborns and young adults
Authors: Ignatiadis Karolina , Baier Diane , Barumerli Roberto , Sziller István , Tóth Brigitta , Baumgartner Robert 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdaptive biases in favor of approaching, or “looming”, sounds have been found across ages and species, thereby implicating the potential of their evolutionary origin and universal basis. The human auditory system is well-developed at birth, yet spatial hearing abilities further develop with age. To disentangle the speculated inborn, evolutionary component of the auditory looming bias from its learned counterpart, we collected high-density electroencephalographic data across human adults and newborns. As distance-motion cues we manipulated either the sound’s intensity or spectral shape, which is pinna-induced and thus prenatally inaccessible. Through cortical source localisation we demonstrated the emergence of the bias in both age groups at the level of Heschl’s gyrus. Adults exhibited the bias in both attentive and inattentive states; yet differences in amplitude and latency appeared based on attention and cue type. Contrary to the adults, in newborns the bias was elicited only through manipulations of intensity and not spectral cues. We conclude that the looming bias comprises innate components while flexibly incorporating the spatial cues acquired through lifelong exposure.
An orchestrated IoT‐based blockchain system to foster innovation in agritech
Authors: Tasic Igor , Cano Maria‐Dolores 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAgritech uses advanced technologies to boost the efficiency, sustainability, and productivity of farming. The Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture has brought sensors and networked technology to gather and analyse environmental and crop data, enabling precision farming that optimises resource usage and increases yields. Yet, current agricultural methods suffer from unsecured and decentralised data management, causing inefficiencies and complicating traceability across the supply chain. The integration of IoT with blockchain technology is seen as a promising solution to enhance data‐driven agriculture. Blockchain provides a secure, decentralised, and transparent ledger that enhances data integrity, reduces fraud, and improves traceability, which complements IoT applications. The authors detail the development of an innovative system that orchestrates IoT and blockchain technologies to facilitate the adoption of new technologies in agriculture and overcomes the lacked of comprehensive data connectivity. It outlines a conceptual framework and its preliminary empirical implementation. The system consists of three integrated layers: the IoT layer, which creates digital twins of field crops; the blockchain layer, which secures and manages data from the field and external stakeholders for dynamic applications such as track and tracing; and the orchestration layer, which fuses physical and digital data to optimise business models, enhance supply chain productivity, and support governmental policy‐making, thereby improving field productivity and food sector innovation.
4D foetal cardiac ultrasound image detection based on deep learning with weakly supervised localisation for rapid diagnosis of evolving hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Wang Gang , Li Weisheng , Zhou Mingliang , Zhu Haobo , Yang Guang , Yap Choon Hwai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare, complex, and incredibly foetal congenital heart disease. To decrease neonatal mortality, evolving HLHS (eHLHS) in pregnant women should be critically diagnosed as soon as possible. However, diagnosis is currently heavily dependent on skilled medical professionals using foetal cardiac ultrasound images, making it difficult to rapidly and easily examine for this disease. Herein, the authors propose a cost‐effective deep learning framework for rapid diagnosis of eHLHS (RDeH), which we have named RDeH‐Net. Briefly, the framework implements a coarse‐to‐fine two‐stage detection approach, with a structure classification network for 4D human foetal cardiac ultrasound images from various spatial and temporal domains, and a fine detection module with weakly‐supervised localisation for high‐precision nidus localisation and physician assistance. The experiments extensively compare the authors’ network with other state‐of‐the‐art methods on a 4D human foetal cardiac ultrasound image dataset and show two main benefits: (1) it achieved superior average accuracy of 99.37% on three categories of foetal ultrasound images from different cases; (2) it demonstrates visually fine detection performance with weakly supervised localisation. This framework could be used to accelerate the diagnosis of eHLHS, and hence significantly lessen reliance on experienced medical physicians.
W‐band single‐layer circularly‐polarised antenna based on compact gap waveguide
Authors: Liu Zheng , Qi Shi‐Shan , Yu Yingrui , Wu Wen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA single‐layered W band circularly polarised (CP) antenna array fed by a sequential feeding network using compact gap waveguides (GWs) with reduced pins is presented. The radiating element consists of a pair of cross slots and an open‐ended rectangular cavity integrated into the top metal plate of the GW. A sequential rotation network (SRN) consisting of hybrid groove gap waveguide (GGW) and ridge gap waveguide (RGW) structure is presented. Due to the fact that conventional GWs with multiple rows of pins occupy large lateral size, thus making them difficult to realise a single‐layered CP array fed by SRN. Compared with conventional GW with multiple rows of pins, compact GGW with a single row of pins is deployed here to make the presented SRN more compact, thus combining SRN and multiple CP radiators in the same layer. Particularly, a comprehensive investigation on the choice of the GGW groove depth is carried out. The groove depth is designed carefully such that the electric‐field energy is more confined along the GGW line, and less rows of pins are required. For proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the proposed array has been fabricated and measured, exhibiting an overlapped bandwidth of 10.64% (89–99 GHz) and a peak gain of 19.48 dBi at 94 GHz. It presents a promising candidate for W band wireless applications.
Multichannel Wiener filter in active sound‐navigation‐and‐ranging systems—A joint beamformer and matched filter approach
Authors: Kaulen Bastian , Abshagen Jan , Schmidt Gerhard 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConventional active SONAR systems often use beamformers and matched filters separately to extract bearing and range information from the received signal and offer a straightforward way of creating a two‐dimensional map of the environment. In SONAR systems the minimum‐variance‐distortionless‐response beamformer (MVDR beamformer) is a commonly used type of beamformer, which will reconstruct the receive signal from a certain direction optimally. In terms of detecting the transmit signal, the most used method is the conventional matched filter. Both algorithms are simple to implement and perform well under various noise scenarios. The proposed method combines the beamformer and matched filter by introducing an extended channel model that allows the derivation of a multichannel Wiener filter to solve for the unknown reflection coefficients of the complete two‐dimensional environment. This results in adaptively calculated filter weights that will drastically improve the performance compared to a separate MVDR beamformer and matched filter. In addition, a parameter is introduced with which one can arbitrarily adjust the focus between angular and temporal resolution depending on the application. After the derivation, the performance is demonstrated with simulations and measurements.
Revealing the potential role of hub metabolism‐related genes and their correlation with immune cells in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhang Xianjing , Xu Tengxiao , Wang Chen , Lin Yueyue , Hu Weimi , Yue Maokui , Li Hao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) is caused by cerebral ischemia due to thrombosis in the blood vessel. The purpose of this study is to identify key genes related to metabolism to aid in the mechanism research and management of AIS.Materials and MethodsGene expression data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis, Gene Ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis were used to identify metabolism‐related genes that may be involved in the regulation of AIS. A protein protein interaction network was mapped using Cytoscape based on the STRING database. Subsequently, hub metabolism‐related genes were identified based on Cytoscape‐CytoNCA and Cytoscape‐MCODE plug‐ins. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm and differential expression analysis. In addition, drug prediction, molecular docking, ceRNA network construction, and correlation analysis with immune cell infiltration were performed to explore their potential molecular mechanisms of action in AIS. Finally, the expression of hub gene was verified by real‐time PCR.ResultsMetabolism‐related genes FBL, HEATR1, HSPA8, MTMR4, NDUFC1, NDUFS8 and SNU13 were identified. The AUC values of FBL, HEATR1, HSPA8, MTMR4, NDUFS8 and SNU13 were all greater than 0.8, suggesting that they had good diagnostic accuracy. Correlation analysis found that their expression levels were also related to the infiltration levels of multiple immune cells, such as Activated.CD8.T.cell and Activated.dendritic.cell. It was found that only HSPA8 was successfully matched to drugs with literature support, and these drugs were acetaminophen, bupivacaine, dexamethasone, gentamicin, tretinoin and cisplatin. Moreover, it was also identified that the ENSG000000218510‐hsa‐miR‐330‐3p‐HEATR1 axis may be involved in regulating AIS.ConclusionsThe identification of FBL, HEATR1, HSPA8, MTMR4, NDUFC1, NDUFS8 and SNU13 provides a new research direction for exploring the molecular mechanisms of AIS, which can help in clinical management and diagnosis.
Optimising multi‐user wireless networks through discrete Fourier transform‐based channel estimation with cascaded intelligent reflecting surfaces
Authors: Monga Sakhshra , Saluja Nitin , Prabha Chander , Garg Roopali , Bairagi Anupam Kumar , Hassan Md. Mehedi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWireless communication systems are inherently challenged by factors such as fading, path loss, and shadowing, leading to potential errors in data transmission. Traditional methods to mitigate these issues include power control, diversification, variable beamforming, and modulation techniques. However, the unpredictable nature of the wireless medium often limits their effectiveness. A new approach to address these challenges is the implementation of cascaded intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS). IRS systems consist of multiple passive elements that intelligently reflect electromagnetic waves, thereby enhancing signal quality. The Advanced Discrete Fourier Transform (ADFT) matrix scheme is explored in channel estimation, a novel method particularly suitable for wireless networks utilising cascaded IRS. The ADFT matrix scheme is significant for its efficiency in managing the common‐link configuration of cascading channel coefficients, which effectively reduces pilot overhead. When compared to traditional channel estimation methods like the Least Square|least squares, Maximal a posteriori probability, and Linear Minimum Mean Square Error, the ADFT matrix scheme exhibits superior performance. It achieves a remarkable reduction in normalised mean squared error (NMSE) – 66% and 80% at 20 dB and 15 dB Signal to‐Noise Ratios (SNR), respectively. Furthermore, increasing the pilot length correlates with enhanced NMSE performance, with a noted 33% improvement as the base station distance increases. Simulations demonstrate that with an escalation in the number of IRS elements and SNR, the ADFT matrix scheme consistently surpasses conventional methods. This advancement represents a significant leap in the field of wireless communication technology.
Particle acceleration, escape, and non-thermal emission from core-collapse supernovae inside non-identical wind-blown bubbles
Authors: Das Samata , Brose Robert , Pohl Martin , Meyer Dominique M.-A. , Sushch Iurii 
Published: June 2024

Context.In the core-collapse scenario, supernova remnants (SNRs) evolve inside complex wind-blown bubbles structured by massive progenitors during their lifetime. Therefore, particle acceleration and the emissions from these SNRs can carry the fingerprints of the evolutionary sequences of the progenitor stars.Aims.We investigate the impact of the ambient environment of core-collapse SNRs on particle spectra and emissions for two progenitors with different evolutionary tracks while accounting for the spatial transport of cosmic rays (CRs) and the magnetic turbulence that scatters CRs.Methods.We used theRATPaCcode to model the particle acceleration at the SNRs with progenitors having zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) masses of 20M⊙and 60M⊙. We constructed the pre-supernova circumstellar medium (CSM) by solving the hydrodynamic equations for the lifetime of the progenitor stars. Then, the transport equation for cosmic rays, the magnetic turbulence in test-particle approximation, and the induction equation for the evolution of a large-scale magnetic field were solved simultaneously with the hydro-dynamic equations for the expansion of SNRs inside the pre-supernova CSM in 1-D spherical symmetry.Results.The profiles of gas density and temperature of the wind bubbles along with the magnetic field and the scattering turbulence regulate the spectra of accelerated particles for both of the SNRs. For the 60M⊙progenitor, the spectral index reaches 2.4, even below 10 GeV, during the propagation of the SNR shock inside the hot shocked wind. In contrast, we did not observe a persistent soft spectra at earlier evolutionary stages of the SNR with the 20M⊙progenitor, for which the spectral index becomes 2.2 only for a brief period during the interaction of SNR shock with the dense shell of red supergiant (RSG) wind material. At later stages of evolution, the spectra become soft above ~10 GeV for both SNRs, as weak driving of turbulence permits the escape of high-energy particles from the remnants. The emission morphology of the SNRs strongly depends on the type of progenitors. For instance, the radio morphology of the SNR with the 20M⊙progenitor is centre-filled at early stages, whereas that of the more massive progenitor is shell-like.
A comparison of novel electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stents and plastic stents in endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of infected walled-off necrosis: a multicenter randomized study
Authors: Moon Jong Ho , Park Se Woo , Lee Yun Nah , Lee Sang Hyub , Kim Seong-Hun , Lee Dong Wook , Cho Chang Min , Kim Sung Bum , Park Chan Hyuk 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background Although lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs) have been increasingly used for walled-off necrosis (WON), their advantages over plastic stents in infected WON are unclear. We investigated the safety and efficacy of a novel electrocautery-enhanced LAMS for managing infected WON.
Methods Patients who required endoscopic ultrasound-guided WON drainage were randomly assigned to LAMS or plastic stent groups. The primary outcome was total number of direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) procedures required to achieve clinical success. Secondary outcomes included rates of technical success, clinical success, and adverse events.
Results 46 patients were included in the LAMS (n = 23) and plastic stent (n = 23) groups. The median total number of DEN procedures did not differ significantly between the plastic stent group (4 procedures, interquartile range [IQR] 2.5–5.0) and LAMS group (9 procedures, IQR 8.0–9.0) (P = 0.07). The LAMS group demonstrated a significantly higher clinical success rate than the plastic stent group based on intention-to-treat analysis (100% vs. 73.9%, P =0.03) at 8 weeks but not at 4 weeks. Significant bleeding occurred in one patient in the plastic stent group and no patients in the LAMS group.
Conclusions We found no significant difference in the total number of DEN procedures between LAMSs and plastic stents for managing infected WON. The only statistically significant finding was a higher clinical success rate at 8 weeks for patients treated with LAMS. The use of LAMS did not result in any adverse events, such as bleeding or buried LAMS syndrome, within the study duration.
Biomechanical Profile after Dry Needling in Mixed Martial
Arts
Authors: Trybulski Robert , Kużdżał Adrian , Stanula Arkadiusz , Klich Sebastian , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Kawczyński Adam , Fernández-de-las-Peñas Cesar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of dry needling (DN)
intervention on the responses of muscle tone, stiffness, and elasticity, as well
as power, pressure pain thresholds, and blood perfusion of the flexor carpi
radialis muscle in mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes. Thirty-two
trained/developmental men MMA fighters (25.5±4.5 years; 24.5±3 body mass index)
participated in a randomized crossover study. Participants underwent a single
intervention, receiving both DN and placebo. Laser Doppler flowmetry measured
blood perfusion, while a myotonometer assessed the mechanical characteristics of
muscle tone, stiffness, and elasticity of the flexor carpi radialis muscle.
Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were measured using an algometer, and maximal
forearm muscle force was measured using a hand dynamometer. Outcomes were
assessed at baseline, immediately after, and 24 hours and 48 hours
post-intervention. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant
Intervention*Time interaction for all outcomes: perfusion unit
(p<0.001), muscle tone (p<0.001), stiffness (p<0.001),
elasticity (p<0.001), PPT (p<0.001) and maximal forearm
muscle force (p<0.001). The current study suggests that a single
session of DN enhances muscle recovery, increases muscle strength, and improved
PPT in MMA athletes. These positive adaptations appear to last up to 48 hours in
some variables.
Pregnancy Outcomes after Uterine Preservation Surgery for Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ohayon Aviran , Castel Elias , Friedrich Lior , Mor Nitzan , Levin Gabriel , Meyer Raanan , Toussia-Cohen Shlomi 
Published: June 2024

Objective This study aimed to investigate maternal and neonatal outcomes in subsequent pregnancies of women with a history of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) compared with women without history of PAS.
Study Design A retrospective cohort study conducted at a single tertiary center between March 2011 and January 2022. We compared women with a history of PAS who had uterine preservation surgery and a subsequent pregnancy, to a control group matched in a 1:5 ratio. The primary outcome was the occurrence of a composite adverse outcome (CAO) including any of the following: uterine dehiscence, uterine rupture, blood transfusion, hysterectomy, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and neonatal mechanical ventilation. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate associations with the CAO.
Results During the study period, 287 (1.1%) women were diagnosed with PAS and delivered after 25 weeks of gestation. Of these, 32 (11.1%) women had a subsequent pregnancy that reached viability. These 32 women were matched to 139 controls. There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the study and control groups. Compared with controls, the proportion of CAO was significantly higher in women with previous PAS pregnancy (40.6 vs. 19.4%, p = 0.019). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, previous PAS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–10.02, p = 0.034) and earlier gestational age at delivery (aOR = 3.53, 95% CI = 2.27–5.49, p < 0.001) were independently associated with CAOs.
Conclusion A history of PAS in a previous pregnancy is associated with increased risk of CAOs in subsequent pregnancies.
Key Points