bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for pharmaco‐toxicologically relevant compounds in biosamples using high‐resolution mass spectrometry: a ‘metabolomic’ approach to the discrimination between isomers
Authors: Liotta Eloisa , Gottardo Rossella , Bertaso Anna , Polettini Aldo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHigh‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) enables the identification of a chemical formula of small molecules through the accurate measurement of mass and isotopic pattern. However, the identification of an unknown compound starting from the chemical formula requires additional tools: (1) a database associating chemical formulas to compound names and (2) a way to discriminate between isomers. The aim of this present study is to evaluate the ability of a novel ‘metabolomic’ approach to reduce the list of candidates with identical chemical formula. Urine/blood/hair samples collected from real positive cases were submitted to a screening procedure using ESI‐MS‐TOF (positive‐ion mode) combined with either capillary electrophoresis or reversed phase liquid chromatography (LC). Detected peaks were searched against a Pharmaco/Toxicologically Relevant Compounds database (ca 50 500 compounds and phase I and phase II metabolites) consisting of a subset of PubChem compounds and a list of candidates was retrieved. Then, starting from the mass of unknown, mass shifts corresponding to pre‐defined biotransformations (e.g. demethylation, glucuronidation, etc.) were calculated and corresponding mass chromatograms were extracted from the total ion current (TIC) in order to search for metabolite peaks. For each candidate, the number of different functional groups in the molecule was automatically calculated using E‐Dragon software (Talete srl, Milan, Italy). Then, the presence of metabolites in the TIC was matched with functional groups data in order to exclude candidates with structures not compatible with observed biotransformations (e.g. loss of methyl from a structure not bearing methyls). The procedure was tested on 108 pharmaco‐toxicologically relevant compounds (PTRC) and their phase I metabolites were detected in real positive samples. The mean list length (MLL) of candidates retrieved from the database was 7.01 ± 4.77 (median, 7; range, 1–28) before the application of the ‘metabolomic’ approach, and after the application it was reduced to 4.08 ± 3.11 (median 3, range 1–17). HRMS allows a much broader screening for PTRC than other screening approaches (e.g. library search on mass spectra databases). The ‘metabolomic’ approach enables the reduction of the list of candidate isomers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Employee empowerment is the main ingredient in a baking company's competitive strategy
Authors: Grigg Alfred 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe acquisition of a baking company prompted its modest first steps toward greater employee involvement and a team‐based culture, but management vision and competitive threats drove the effort further, leading eventually to major structural changes and the empowerment of self‐directed work teams to keep the company lean and agile. The author discusses the importance of a strategic imperative for sustaining top management commitment and will, and describes the three stages of the plants' multiyear journey toward ever‐greater team responsibility and authority; the training and infrastructure support; and tools for providing structure and guidance without impairing empowerment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Johnson & Johnson's transformational leadership program prepares quality leaders for global challenges
Authors: Crosby Cindy L. , Zlevor Greg 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe health care giant, faced with gaps in its pipeline for executives in the Quality function, constructed a potent yearlong development experience around action learning and a strong international focus. The program's successful five‐year run has produced a strong stable of high‐potential individuals prepared to lead in a global business. The authors discuss the structure and content of the program, the role of faculty and coaches, and the benefits of action learning projects and exercises for group and individual development, including how failure can lead to pivotal teaching moments, as illustrated through the experience of participants in the Class of 2009. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On becoming a process‐enabled organization: How to seed a culture of quality in a postacquisition environment
Authors: Parker Charles 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMisaligned processes and disparate cultures can plague M&As for years after the deals close. As this case study illustrates, a practical yet inexpensive approach can drive process improvement and quality in a transition‐weary, cost‐wary organization through organic bottom‐up and top‐down change. The author discusses a model of process evolution in organizations and the potentially disruptive effect of M&As, particularly successive deals. He then describes a relatively simple statistical method for assessing process quality; its successful application in a postacquisition environment; and organizational considerations, including influence models and the role of sponsors and champions, for shepherding an organization toward greater process quality and rigor. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
American Eagle Outfitters creates a branded intranet that unites its associates
Authors: Borden Richard 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis trend‐leading specialty retailer has produced a branded, popular platform for internal communications to link its rapidly growing roster of associates and locations. Employee‐generated content reflects the fresh, fun culture and brands of American Eagle Outfitters, while a user‐friendly content management system, with appropriate checkpoints, enables contributors with no information technology experience to post and refresh information quickly. The author discusses some of the intranet's key features; its network of news agents across the company; and the challenges of meeting the internal communication needs of an expanding business with a young workforce whose expectations for immediacy of information are driven by the latest communication and Internet technologies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Doing business in Turkey helps bridge Europe and Asia
Authors: Kalafatoglu Tugba 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTurkey offers a unique location, bridging Europe and Asia, for developing international business. It is a leading emerging market for business investment. Turkey's geo‐strategic position, coupled with a large domestic market and a Customs Union with the European Union, offers numerous opportunities for foreign firms. This article explores what the country is about; what its economy, politics, and business ethics are; and the potential benefits of doing business in Turkey. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of defective bone marrow osteogenesis on fracture repair in an experimental model of senile osteoporosis
Authors: Egermann Marcus , Heil Petra , Tami Andrea , Ito Keita , Janicki Patricia , Von Rechenberg Brigitte , Hofstetter Willy , Richards Peter J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBone marrow osteogenesis in senile osteoporotic bone is impaired and, as such, may have significant implications on the successful outcome of fracture repair. Here we utilize a well‐established murine model of senile osteoporosis, the P6 strain of senescence‐accelerated mice (SAMP6), to investigate fracture healing in aged osteoporotic bone. A femoral osteotomy was created in SAMP6 and in non‐osteoporotic age‐matched control R1 senescence‐resistant mice (SAMR1). The course of fracture healing was evaluated over a period of 42 days using quantitative µCT and histological analysis. The differentiation capabilities of bone mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from SAMP6 and SAMR1 mice was examined, and their osteogenic potential determined. Although preliminary in vitro analysis confirmed that bone marrow‐derived stem cells (BMSC) isolated from SAMP6 mice had a reduced osteogenic capacity, no significant deficit in fracture repair as determined by quantitative µCT could be detected. This was supported by histology assessment, where complete bridging of the fracture gap was evident by day 28 and was fully healed day 42 in both SAMP6 and SAMR1 mice. Further in vitro studies revealed that periosteal‐derived progenitor cells (PDPC) isolated from SAMP6 mice had an osteogenic potential comparable to that observed in SAMR1 mice. In conclusion, fracture healing in SAMP6 mice is not detrimentally affected by impairment of BMSC osteogenesis, suggesting that bone marrow‐mediated repair processes are dispensable for normal bone healing in this senile osteoporotic fracture model. Furthermore, the influence of PDPC in the repair process may partly explain the absence of any detectable deficits in fracture repair in SAMP6 mice. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:798–804, 2010
Use efficiency of nitrogen from biodigested plant material by ryegrass
Authors: Gunnarsson Anita , Bengtsson Fredrik , Caspersen Siri 
Published: December 2009

AbstractApparent nitrogen‐use efficiency of the applied mineral N (NUEmin) in effluent from biodigested plant material (BE; C : Norg ratio 14:1; mineral N–to–total N ratio 0.5:1) and a nitrate‐based inorganic fertilizer (IF), both applied at two rates was investigated in a six‐month pot experiment with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Dry‐matter (DM) production was 7% lower and total amount of N in aboveground biomass was 8% lower in BE than in IF at 40 d after sowing (DAS), equal at 81 DAS, and higher in BE than in IF at 136 and 172 DAS. NUEmin calculated on the basis of accumulated N in aboveground biomass of ryegrass in fertilized treatments compared to a control without N application was significantly lower in BE than in IF up to the third cut (136 DAS). Total NUEmin, total N recovery, and amount of foliage DM were similar for both fertilizers at the end of the experiment. Root biomass, total DM produced including roots and stubble, the fraction of root N to total plant N, and soil mineral N at 172 DAS were higher for BE than for IF. Mineral N applied with biogas‐reactor effluent was almost as effective as the nitrate‐based mineral fertilizer used for comparison. Within the six‐month experimental period net N mineralization, estimated at 12% of organic N in effluent, was not substantial. Hence, the organic compounds in the effluent were relatively recalcitrant.
The current status of audiologic rehabilitation for profound unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Bishop Charles E. , Eby Thomas L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Audiologic rehabilitation of individuals with profound unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL) has traditionally been limited to the use of air‐conduction contralateral routing of sound (CROS) hearing aids. Treatment for these individuals has expanded with new applications of the bone‐anchored hearing aid (BAHA), transcranial hearing aid (t‐CROS), and the cochlear implant. In this article, the authors review the literature that addresses these various treatment options.Study Design:Contemporary reviewResults:Historical information is available that describes the limited efficacy of air‐conduction CROS hearing aids in lifting hearing handicap associated with USNHL. Current investigations on providing cross hearing are generally focused on use of the BAHA. Little is known at present whether new developments in hearing aid technology can improve on conventional air‐conduction CROS or t‐CROS approaches. Interestingly, the cochlear implant seems to be a viable option for individuals with USNHL and tinnitus who also have intact auditory nerve pathways.Conclusions:There is indication in the literature that BAHA provides greater relief of hearing handicap associated with USNHL than CROS hearing aids; however, both have been found to provide limited patient satisfaction and seemingly fall short of restoring true sound localization. Adequate trials have not been performed comparing BAHA with the best CROS hearing aid technology. Transcranial hearing aids and cochlear implants are experimental methods to treat USNHL and hold promise, although there remains a lack of studies available to fully support this. Laryngoscope, 2010
Laser‐assisted liposuction using a novel blend of lipid‐ and water‐selective wavelengths
Authors: Weiss Robert A. , Beasley Karen 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPotential benefits of laser‐assisted liposuction include enhanced body shaping and skin tightening with reduced patient downtime. In this clinical study, we investigate whether additional safety and efficacy are achieved with a diode laser system that includes a novel 924 nm lipid‐selective wavelength.Study Design/Materials and MethodsClinical subjects were treated with a continuous‐wave (CW) power 924/975 nm diode laser system in the submental area, abdomen, thighs and flanks. Side effects were documented. Efficacy evaluation included investigator‐assessed improvements and subject self‐assessments.ResultsStudy investigators observed good to excellent improvement across all subjects (n = 19) by 3 months post‐treatment in all four categories evaluated. Facility of tip advancement was rated as “extremely easy” or “easy” in 83% of rated treatments. “Good” to “excellent” skin textural improvement was observed in 83% of rated subjects. Additional benefits included reduced operator fatigue and uniformity of treatment. Patients tolerated the procedure well with minimal and transient side effects. Immediate side effects of erythema, bruising and edema were graded as mild or trace. No long‐term side effects were observed. Seventy‐eight percent of all subjects were extremely satisfied with the procedure and 89% would do the procedure again. Eighty‐nine percent of subjects felt their appearance of unwanted fat was significantly improved with smoother and tighter skin (72%), and 94% would recommend the treatment to family and friends.ConclusionThese clinical findings demonstrate that the 924/975 nm diode laser system provides safe and efficacious body shaping, fat reduction and enhanced skin tightening. Ease of movement through the tissue of both the laser system treatment tip and the aspiration cannula resulted in reduced fatigue for the treating physician. Patient benefits included high patient satisfaction, significant reductions in fat, and smoother and tighter skin with minimal downtime. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:760–766, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Injectable treatments for adipose tissue: Terminology, mechanism, and tissue interaction
Authors: Rotunda Adam M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundJust as injectable fillers have addressed the need for non‐surgical methods to restore desired volume, a number of injectable therapies purpor to play a comparable role to reduce undesired volume.ObjectiveTo review published literature on the history, mechanism of action, and tissue interaction of injectable methods that aim to reduce localized collections of fat.ResultsMesotherapy is an injection technique that has medical and cosmetic applications and is often confused with injectable fat loss therapies; injection lipolysis describes non‐ablative fat reduction with agents (such as β‐agonists) that activate adipocyte lipolytic pathways; and adipolytic therapy using biologic detergents (such as deoxycholate) leads to permanent adipocyte ablation. None of these therapies have been cleared for use in fat reduction by any regulatory authority worldwide.ConclusionsThe mechanism of action and tissue effects of injectable fat reducing compounds are diverse but are becoming increasingly understood. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:714–720, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐invasive cryolipolysis™ for subcutaneous fat reduction does not affect serum lipid levels or liver function tests
Authors: Klein Kenneth B. , Zelickson Brian , Riopelle Jeffrey G. , Okamoto Eric , Bachelor Eric P. , Harry Rosemary S. , Preciado Jessica A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveCryolipolysis provides a method of non‐invasive fat reduction that significantly reduces subcutaneous fat without injury to adjacent tissues. Preliminary animal and human data have suggested that cryolipolysis has no effect on serum lipid profiles or liver tests. This study was intended to more fully document any effect of this procedure on lipid and liver‐related blood tests.Study Design/Materials and MethodsForty subjects with fat bulges on their flanks (“love handles”) were treated bilaterally with a non‐invasive device (Zeltiq Aesthetics, Pleasanton, CA) that precisely cools tissue to achieve a reduction in the fat layer. Serum lipid levels and liver tests were measured prior to treatment, and at 1 day and 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post‐treatment.ResultsNo meaningful changes in mean values were observed for any blood lipid level or liver test at any point over the 12‐week follow‐up period.ConclusionCryolipolysis, when used for reduction of subcutaneous flank fat, is not associated with changes in serum lipids or liver test results. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:785–790, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low‐level laser therapy as a non‐invasive approach for body contouring: A randomized, controlled study
Authors: Jackson Robert F. , Dedo Doug D. , Roche Greg C. , Turok David I. , Maloney Ryan J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTransmission electron microscopic images have demonstrated the formation of transitory pores in adipocyte cell membranes followed by the collapse of adipose cells subsequent to laser irradiation of 635 nm. The objective is to evaluate the application of a 635 nm and 17.5 mW exit power per multiple diode laser for the application of non‐invasive body contouring of the waist, hips, and thighs.Study Design/Patients and MethodsDouble‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of a 2‐week non‐invasive laser treatment conducted from May 2007 to June 2008 across multiple‐private practice sites in the United States of America. Sixty‐seven volunteers between the ages of 18–65 with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 30 kg/m2 and who satisfied the set inclusion criteria participated. Eight of the 67 subjects did not have circumference measurements recorded at the 2‐week post‐procedure measurement point. Participants were randomly assigned to receive low‐level laser treatments or a matching sham treatment three times per week for 2 weeks. Reduction in the total combined inches of circumference measurements of the waist, hip and bilateral thighs from baseline to the completion of the 2‐week procedure administration phase was assessed.ResultsParticipants in the treatment group demonstrated an overall reduction in total circumference across all three sites of −3.51 in. (P < 0.001) compared with control subjects who revealed a −0.684 reduction (P < 0.071745). Test group participants demonstrated a reduction of −0.98 in. (P < 0.0001) across the waist, −1.05 in. (P < 0.01) across the hip, and −0.85 in. (P < 0.01) and −0.65 in. (P < 0.01) across the right and left thighs from baseline to 2 weeks (end of treatment). At 2 weeks post‐procedure, test group subjects demonstrated a gain of 0.31 total inches collectively across all three sites.ConclusionThese data suggest that low‐level laser therapy can reduce overall circumference measurements of specifically treated regions. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:799–809, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A pilot study of the efficacy of a 1,064 and 1,320 nm sequentially firing Nd:YAG laser device for lipolysis and skin tightening
Authors: McBean Jason C. , Katz Bruce E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundLaser‐assisted lipolysis with a medium pulsed 1,064 nm Neodymium:Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet (Nd:YAG) system has been used since FDA approval in October 2006 [1]. Since then, this technology has been advanced to include an additional wavelength (1,320 nm) and an accelerometer designed to improve efficacy and safety.Objective(1) Evaluate the efficacy and safety of a sequentially firing 1,064 and 1,320 nm Nd:YAG laser device for lipolysis. (2) Evaluate the skin tightening effect by photographic documentation and skin measurements. (3) Assess new collagen formation by histologic and scanning electron microscopic studies.MethodsTwenty subjects with unwanted local adiposities and skin laxity were enrolled. An Nd:YAG laser with sequentially firing wavelengths of 1,064/1,320 nm was used to treat localized areas of body adiposities. Digital photographs were taken before and after treatment, blinded independent observers graded improvement utilizing a percentile evaluation scale and subjects performed self‐assessments. Five of the 20 subjects had the following tests performed: (1) Placement of 4 cm×4 cm square India Ink tattoos for measurement of skin tightening, (2) histology and electron microscopy, (3) biopsies prior to the procedure, 3 days and 1 month after the procedure to determine the presence of new collagen markers.ResultsResults showed reduction in localized adiposities with no adverse events from use of this device. Independent observers found 76–100% improvement in adiposities in 85% of subjects and 51–75% improvement in 15% of subjects. Of the subset of five patients, India Ink tattoo maps demonstrated an 18% decrease in surface area indicating a significant skin tightening effect. Histology by H&E, Methylene blue stains, and electron microscopy indicated new collagen formation compared to baseline.ConclusionThe 1,064 nm Nd:YAG and 1,320 nm Nd:YAG sequentially firing device with an accelerometer appears to be an effective and safe treatment for localized adiposities with the additional benefit of skin tightening. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:779–784, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.