bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological features of screening-detected and interval breast cancers and subsequent survival in Eastern Finnish women
Authors: Nykänen Aki , Sudah Mazen , Masarwah Amro , Vanninen Ritva , Okuma Hidemi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInterval breast cancers are diagnosed between scheduled screenings and differ in many respects from screening-detected cancers. Studies comparing the survival of patients with interval and screening-detected cancers have reported differing results. The aim of this study was to investigate the radiological and histopathological features and growth rates of screening-detected and interval breast cancers and subsequent survival. This retrospective study included 942 female patients aged 50–69 years with breast cancers treated and followed-up at Kuopio University Hospital between January 2010 and December 2016. The screening-detected and interval cancers were classified as true, minimal-signs, missed, or occult. The radiological features were assessed on mammograms by one of two specialist breast radiologists with over 15 years of experience. A χ2 test was used to examine the association between radiological and pathological variables; an unpaired t test was used to compare the growth rates of missed and minimal-signs cancers; and the Kaplan–Meier estimator was used to examine survival after screening-detected and interval cancers. Sixty occult cancers were excluded, so a total of 882 women (mean age 60.4 ± 5.5 years) were included, in whom 581 had screening-detected cancers and 301 interval cancers. Disease-specific survival, overall survival and disease-free survival were all worse after interval cancer than after screening-detected cancer (p < 0.001), with a mean follow-up period of 8.2 years. There were no statistically significant differences in survival between the subgroups of screening-detected or interval cancers. Missed interval cancers had faster growth rates (0.47% ± 0.77%/day) than missed screening-detected cancers (0.21% ± 0.11%/day). Most cancers (77.2%) occurred in low-density breasts (< 25%). The most common lesion types were masses (73.9%) and calcifications (13.4%), whereas distortions (1.8%) and asymmetries (1.7%) were the least common. Survival was worse after interval cancers than after screening-detected cancers, attributed to their more-aggressive histopathological characteristics, more nodal and distant metastases, and faster growth rates.
Leadership and gender perspective in hospital physiotherapy units
Authors: Margelí Mercedes Ferrando , Sánchez Aitor Garay , Andrade-Gómez Elena , Suarez-Serrano Carmen , Marcén-Román Yolanda 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnalyze the gender stereotypes present in the leaders of the Hospital Physiotherapy Units, determine the level of acceptance of female leadership and identify which factors influence these perceptions. Observational, descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional study. The study subjects are the census of leaders of the Physiotherapy Units of public hospitals. The measurement instruments used are the Acceptance of Female Leadership Questionnaire (ACT-LM), and the sociodemographic and job-related variables. Most of the leaders of the hospital physiotherapy units were women (69.4%) physiotherapists. Gender stereotypes emerge in the dimension of Instrumental Characteristics, with respondents not fully agreeing that women were sufficiently competitive (18.7%) or ambitious (20.8%) to be successful in the world of work. These data were influenced by gender, showing that men have a higher regard for female leadership abilities than women themselves. In the dimension of Acceptance of Female Leadership, 17.4% of those surveyed did not fully agree that women can rise to the same extent as men. Most of the leaders of the physiotherapy units in public hospitals in Spain are women, this is reversed in favor of men in highly complex hospitals. The stereotype persists, especially among women, that they do not have enough ambition and competitiveness to succeed in the world of work.
Compact eternal diffractive neural network chip for extreme environments
Authors: Dong Yibo , Lin Dajun , Chen Long , Li Baoli , Chen Xi , Zhang Qiming , Luan Haitao , Fang Xinyuan , Gu Min 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence applications in extreme environments place high demands on hardware robustness, power consumption, and speed. Recently, diffractive neural networks have demonstrated superb advantages in high-throughput light-speed reasoning. However, the robustness and lifetime of existing diffractive neural networks cannot be guaranteed, severely limiting their compactness and long-term inference accuracy. Here, we have developed a millimeter-scale and robust bilayer-integrated diffractive neural network chip with virtually unlimited lifetime for optical inference. The two diffractive layers with binary phase modulation were engraved on both sides of a quartz wafer. Optical inference of handwritten digital recognition was demonstrated. The results showed that the chip achieved 82% recognition accuracy for ten types of digits. Moreover, the chip demonstrated high-performance stability at high temperatures. The room-temperature lifetime was estimated to be 1.84×1023 trillion years. Our chip satisfies the requirements for diffractive neural network hardware with high robustness, making it suitable for use in extreme environments.
Price Transparency in the Management of Skull Base Tumors—The Price to Operate
Authors: Patel Shrey , Mastropierro Julianna , Spagnuolo Genevieve , Kosarchuk Jacob , O'Brien Monica , Wu Julian , Heilman Carl , Noonan Kathryn 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background Due to the escalating health care costs in the United States, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) implemented a cost transparency initiative on January 1, 2021. Hospitals lack functional cost estimators or fail to provide pricing information for common skull base procedures.
Methods A list of the top 70 neurosurgery and otolaryngology hospital systems according to the US News and World Report rankings was made. Google searches for each hospital's cost estimator tool were conducted, recording its presence and accessibility time. Using the cost estimator tool, specific skull base procedure prices, Current Procedural Terminology codes, and contact information for personalized estimates were searched.
Results Fifty-seven hospitals (81%) were privately funded. The majority were urban teaching hospitals (n = 68; 97%). Geographical locations included 19 (27%) in the Northeast, 21 (30%) in the Midwest, 20 (29%) in the South, and 10 (14%) in the West. Of the 70 hospitals, 4 (5.7%) did not have a cost estimation website. Of the 66 hospitals that did, the average time to locate the cost of the skull-based procedures was 17.8 seconds (range 12–28 seconds). Only two (2.9%) hospitals had information for skull base procedures; both were radiosurgery procedures. The most common stereotactic radiosurgery offered was gamma knife radiosurgery (n = 50; 71%). A total of 19 hospitals (27%) did not include contact information for personalized cost estimation.
Conclusion The CMS price transparency guidelines are not designed to encompass skull base procedures. Due to this ambiguity, patients are unable to make informed financial decisions when selecting treatment options.
Resident-Driven Clinical Decision Support Governance to Improve the Utility of Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Sheehan Kristin N. , Cioci Anthony L. , Lucioni Tomas M. , Hernandez Sean M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives This resident-driven quality improvement project aimed to better understand the known problem of a misaligned clinical decision support (CDS) strategy and improve CDS utilization.
Methods An internal survey was sent to all internal medicine (IM) residents to identify the most bothersome CDS alerts. Survey results were supported by electronic health record (EHR) data of CDS firing rates and response rates which were collected for each of the three most bothersome CDS tools. Changes to firing criteria were created to increase utilization and to better align with the five rights of CDS. Findings and proposed changes were presented to our institution's CDS Governance Committee. Changes were approved and implemented. Postintervention firing rates were then collected for 1 week.
Results Twenty nine residents participated in the CDS survey and identified sepsis alerts, lipid profile reminders, and telemetry renewals to be the most bothersome alerts. EHR data showed action rates for these CDS as low as 1%. We implemented changes to focus emergency department (ED)-based sepsis alerts to the right provider, better address the right information for lipid profile reminders, and select the right time in workflow for telemetry renewals to be most effective. With these changes we successfully eliminated ED-based sepsis CDS reminders for IM providers, saw a 97% reduction in firing rates for the lipid profile CDS, and noted a 55% reduction in firing rates for telemetry CDS.
Conclusion This project highlighted that alert improvements spearheaded by resident teams can be completed successfully using robust CDS governance strategies and can effectively optimize interruptive alerts.
The association between criminal legal attitudes and healthcare utilization among adolescents: differences by gender and race
Authors: Miller Chelsea R. , Crockett Kaylee B. , Cropsey Karen L. , Gajos Jamie M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSystem avoidance is a concept that individual contact with the criminal legal system causes avoidance of other social institutions. Negative attitudes about the criminal legal system and subsequent mistrust in healthcare systems or providers have only been studied in adults. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the association between healthcare utilization and youth-reported negative criminal legal attitudes stratified by gender and race in adolescents. Adolescents from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study self-reported attitudes involving legal cynicism, police legitimacy, and healthcare utilization. Logistic regressions were estimated to examine the associations between youth-reported criminal legal attitudes involving legal cynicism and police legitimacy, healthcare utilization, and sociodemographics. Only among non-white girls were negative criminal legal attitudes significantly associated with reduced likelihood of healthcare utilization during the previous 12 months (aOR = 0.55, p ≤ 0.01). Negative criminal legal attitudes in non-white girls reduced the odds of healthcare utilization, which supports the concept of system avoidance of institutions. This has implications for policymakers as they enact laws on crime and surveillance, especially in minority communities, as views on the criminal legal institution can impact other facets of life. More research is needed to directly explore this relationship beyond cross-sectional studies.
Dietary chromium-methionine supplementation and broiler (22–43 days) responses during heat stress. 2 - Physiological variables, and heat shock protein 70 and insulin-like growth factor-1 gene expression
Authors: Dalólio Felipe Santos , Albino Luiz Fernando Teixeira , de Oliveira Haniel Cedraz , Fireman Alba Kyonara Barbosa Alves Tenorio , Burin Junior Alvaro , Busanello Marcos , Rohloff Junior Nilton , Silva Tesser Guilherme Luis , Nunes Ricardo Vianna 
Published: May 2024

Context Dietary supplementation with trace mineral chromium (Cr) has been shown to enhance the physiological responses of broilers subjected to heat stress (HS), modulate gene expression, and improve performance. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the impact of chromium–methionine (CrMet) supplementation on growth performance, body temperatures, lymphoid organ weights, hormones, blood parameters, and the expression of heat-shock protein-70 (HSP-70) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) genes in broilers under HS conditions (33°C for 12 h/day). Methods In the first experiment, 336 22-day-old male broilers were randomly distributed into four blocks with six treatments (0, 0.10, 0.20, 0.40, 0.80, and 1.20 mg/kg CrMet) and eight replicates with seven birds per cage. These broilers were subjected to HS from 22 to 43 days of age. In the second experiment, 24 male broilers, in total, at 43 days of age, previously exposed to HS, were randomly distributed to the same six treatments from the first experiment, with four replicates. Breast samples were collected for the analysis of HSP-70 and IGF-1 expression. Results A quadratic effect (P < 0.05) was observed on bodyweight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The supplementation of 0.71 and 0.68 mg/kg improved BWG and FCR, respectively. At 28 days of age, cloacal and mean body temperatures, corticosterone, and thyroid hormones were quadratically affected (P < 0.05), while at 43 days of age, a linear effect (P < 0.05) was observed on haemoglobin concentration. There was a reduction (P < 0.05) in the expression of HSP-70 and an increase in IGF-1 (P < 0.05) in the breast tissue of broilers supplemented with CrMet. Conclusions The supplementation with 0.71 mg/kg and 0.68 mg/kg of CrMet improved BWG and FCR, respectively. Additionally, the supplementation with 0.80 mg/kg improved hormones, reduced HSP-70 and increased the expression of IGF-1 in broilers during HS. Implications These findings suggest that CrMet can be included in the diet of broiler chickens subjected to HS to enhance physiological responses and performance.
Investigating change from a perspective of continuity
Authors: Hendriks Jennifer 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Word order variation in Dutch two-verb clusters continues to attract the attention of linguists from a
variety of perspectives. Most accounts have a contemporary focus and diachronic developments therefore remain poorly
understood. Rather than simply marshalling more evidence from more historical sources, I argue for an approach which
considers biases in the historical record and how common methodological practices of text selection and data
aggregation exacerbate them. Van Coetsem’s (1988; 2000) psycholinguistic model of contact offers a principled way to establish whether the
linguistic data represents a perspective of continuity or one of change. When combined with a rigorous understanding
of the sociohistorical context, the biases in both the historical and linguistic record can be assessed and this
understanding applied to the compilation and analysis of new sources of evidence. I demonstrate the utility of this
approach using a 35,000-word research corpus of unpublished archival manuscripts from sixteenth-century Antwerp to
examine word order variation in Dutch two-verb clusters and use these findings to suggest directions for future
corpus-based research.
Representations of the quantum double of quasitriangular Hopf algebras
Authors: Cohen Miriam , Westreich Sara 
Published: May 2024

Conjugacy classes for groups were generalized in previous works of the authors to semisimple Hopf algebras over algebraically closed fields of characteristic zero. An essential property of the set of conjugacy classes

{

C

j

}

\{\mathfrak {C}_j\}

is that they are irreducible representations of the quantum double

D
(
H
)

D(H)

of

H
.

H.

We show that more is true. When

(
H
,
R
)

(H,R)

is quasitriangular, then any irreducible representations of

D
(
H
)

D(H)

is a direct summand of a tensor product of the form of

C

j

⊗

V
i

,

\mathfrak {C}_j\otimes V_i,

where

V
i

V_i

is an irreducible representation of

H
.

H.

The proof follows by applying a partition defined in our 2011 paper on the indices of the irreducible characters of

D
(
H
)

D(H)

and identifying the partition with the equivalence classes obtained from Nichols-Richmond equivalence relations on the set of the simple subcoalgebra of

D
(
H

)
∗

.

D(H)^*.

For any block of this partition, there is a unique

C

j

\mathfrak {C}_j

whose character as a

D
(
H
)

D(H)

-representation belongs to it.

When

V
V

is a

1
1

-dimensional representation of

H
H

then

C

j

⊗
V

\mathfrak {C}_j\otimes V

is an irreducible representation of

D
(
H
)
,

D(H),

isomorphic to

C

j

\mathfrak {C}_j

as a vector space endowed with a twisted action of

D
(
H
)
.

D(H).

We apply the above results to

H
=
k
G
,

H=kG,

where

G
G

are the groups

S
3

S_3

and

D
4

,

D_4,

and decompose all

C

j

⊗

V
i

\mathfrak {C}_j\otimes V_i

into their irreducible components.
MPH: fast REML for large-scale genome partitioning of quantitative genetic variation
Authors: Jiang Jicai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Genome partitioning of quantitative genetic variation is useful for dissecting the genetic architecture of complex traits. However, existing methods, such as Haseman–Elston regression and linkage disequilibrium score regression, often face limitations when handling extensive farm animal datasets, as demonstrated in this study.

Results
To overcome this challenge, we present MPH, a novel software tool designed for efficient genome partitioning analyses using restricted maximum likelihood. The computational efficiency of MPH primarily stems from two key factors: the utilization of stochastic trace estimators and the comprehensive implementation of parallel computation. Evaluations with simulated and real datasets demonstrate that MPH achieves comparable accuracy and significantly enhances convergence, speed, and memory efficiency compared to widely used tools like GCTA and LDAK. These advancements facilitate large-scale, comprehensive analyses of complex genetic architectures in farm animals.

Availability and implementation
The MPH software is available at https://jiang18.github.io/mph/.
Flat minima generalize for low-rank matrix recovery
Authors: Ding Lijun , Drusvyatskiy Dmitriy , Fazel Maryam , Harchaoui Zaid 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Empirical evidence suggests that for a variety of overparameterized nonlinear models, most notably in neural network training, the growth of the loss around a minimizer strongly impacts its performance. Flat minima—those around which the loss grows slowly—appear to generalize well. This work takes a step towards understanding this phenomenon by focusing on the simplest class of overparameterized nonlinear models: those arising in low-rank matrix recovery. We analyse overparameterized matrix and bilinear sensing, robust principal component analysis, covariance matrix estimation and single hidden layer neural networks with quadratic activation functions. In all cases, we show that flat minima, measured by the trace of the Hessian, exactly recover the ground truth under standard statistical assumptions. For matrix completion, we establish weak recovery, although empirical evidence suggests exact recovery holds here as well. We complete the paper with synthetic experiments that illustrate our findings.
Spiral to Surveillance: The Effect of INGOs on Levels of Peacekeeper Misconduct
Authors: Barney Morgan , Borror Kellan 
Published: May 2024

Abstracts
Over the last twenty years, the international relations literature has sought to understand the conditions in which peacekeeping operations (PKOs) occur and the efficacy of their presence. Much work has focused on PKOs’ relationship to civilians in civil conflict, but less is understood about the influences on peacekeeping missions’ quality. If PKOs commit human rights abuses, how might other actors deter exploitive PKO behavior in the domestic context? We argue international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) provide a monitoring and socializing effect on PKOs. Using the Peacekeeper Attributes (PKAT) and Transnational Social Movements (TSMO) datasets, we analyze peacekeeping missions from 2007 to 2013. Through zero-inflated negative binomial regression, we found that the presence of general INGOs decreases rates of misconduct, and human rights INGOs decrease rates of misconduct. However, we find that the presence of women’s rights-focused INGOs does not decrease rates of sexual misconduct among PKO troops.
Gender-specific features in contemporary Japanese names
Authors: Barešová Ivona , Nakaya Tereza , Matlach Vladimír 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Contemporary Japanese given names exhibit great variety and have minimal formal restrictions in their formation. It is often possible, however, to determine the gender of the name's bearer from its phonological and/or graphic form. In this article, various features, including name length, syllables, and characters at particular positions within a name and the choice of script, are statistically analyzed to determine whether they are significantly associated with male or female names and which of them contribute the most to the expression of gender. The findings of this study verify the empirical knowledge of the gender-markedness of some of the features and establish a solid foundation for future feature-based gender prediction algorithms. The expression of gender in currently bestowed names is discussed in the context of major changes in naming practices and name choices toward the end of the 20th century.
Trends of Medicare Reimbursement Rates for Gender-Affirming Surgery Procedures
Authors: Cordero Justin J. , Alaniz Leonardo , Kalavacherla Sandhya , Tholpady Sunil S. , Chu Michael W. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Awareness of Medicare reimbursement is important for gender-affirming surgeons who treat transgender patients with Medicare. In 2014, Medicare began to provide coverage for medically necessary transition-related surgery. The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in Medicare reimbursement rates for gender-affirming surgery procedures from 2014 to 2022.

Methods
The Medicare Physician Fee Schedule Look-Up Tool provided by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services was used, and the Current Procedural Terminology codes for 43 gender-affirming surgery services were obtained. Monetary units, conversion factors, relative value units (RVUs) for work, facility, and malpractice costs for 30 transmasculine and 13 transfeminine procedures were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were performed to account for inflation and to determine the relative differences between 2014 and 2022.

Results
For all gender-affirming surgery procedures covered by Medicare, the average relative difference of monetary units decreased by 2.99% between 2014 and 2022. On average, there was a 3.97% decrease of work-based RVU charges for transmasculine procedures and a 1.73% decrease of work-based RVU charges for transfeminine procedures. After adjusting for inflation, the average relative difference of monetary units for all gender-affirming surgery procedures decreased by 23.42% between 2014 and 2022.

Conclusions
Reimbursement rates for gender-affirming surgery procedures covered under Medicare have decreased over the observed period, and trends in reimbursement rates have not kept up with consumer price index inflation. Gender-affirming surgeons should be conscious of these changes in reimbursement rates and advocate for fairer compensation to promote medical care among an underserved population.