bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Winter moth populations are isolated on co‐occurring tree species with contrasting budburst‐phenology
Authors: Molleman Freerk , Walczak Urszula 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Differences between neighbouring tree species in phenology could isolate populations of host plant generalists that depend on matching the phenology of their host.
We studied the relationship between the budburst phenology of two co‐occurring tree species with early (hornbeams) and late (oaks) budburst and the egg hatching date of associated winter moths (Operophtera brumata) during two seasons (autumns starting in 2020 and 2021).
A previous study in spring 2019 had found no winter moth larvae on the focal oaks, while we found them mainly on oaks with hornbeam neighbours in 2022. Congruently, adult winter moths were rarely encountered during the autumns of 2018 and 2019 and sparsely in 2020 and 2021, and then mainly near hornbeams.
The vast majority of winter moths had early hatching eggs when both hornbeams and oaks were present, matching the hornbeams rather than the oaks. Where hornbeam was absent in the neighbourhood, the few winter moths had late hatching eggs.
These results suggest that winter moth populations on hornbeam and oak are to some degree isolated from each other despite spatial proximity, so that recolonization of oaks by populations synchronized with budburst of hornbeam is slow. Therefore, trees would benefit from differing from their neighbours in budburst phenology with respect to herbivore damage.
A global latitudinal gradient in the proportion of terrestrial vertebrate forest species
Authors: Howes Benjamin , González‐Suárez Manuela , Banks‐Leite Cristina , Bellotto‐Trigo Flavia C. , Betts Matthew G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimGlobal patterns in species distributions such as the latitudinal biodiversity gradient are of great interest to ecologists and have been thoroughly studied. Whether such a gradient holds true for the proportion of species associated with key ecotypes such as forests is however unknown. Identifying a gradient and ascertaining the factors causing it could further our understanding of community sensitivity to deforestation and uncover drivers of habitat specialization. The null hypothesis is that proportions of forest species remain globally consistent, though we hypothesize that proportions will change with differences in ecotype amount, spatial structure, and environmental stability. Here we study whether the proportion of forest species follows a latitudinal gradient, and test hypotheses for why this may occur.LocationWorldwide.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial vertebrates.MethodsWe combined range maps and habitat use data for all terrestrial vertebrates to calculate the proportion of forest species in an area. We then used data on the global distribution of current, recent historical, and long‐term historical forest cover, as well as maps of global disturbances and plant diversity to test our hypotheses using generalized linear models.ResultsWe identified a latitudinal gradient in the proportion of forest species whereby the highest proportions occurred at the equator and decreased polewards. We additionally found that the proportion of forest species increased with current forest cover, historical deforestation, plant structural complexity, and habitat stability. Despite the inclusion of these variables, the strong latitudinal gradient remained, suggesting additional causes of the gradient.Main conclusionsOur findings suggest that the global distribution of the proportion of forest species is a result of recent ecological, as well as long‐term evolutionary factors. Interestingly, high proportions of forest species were found in areas that experienced historical deforestation, suggesting a lagged response to such perturbations and potential extinction debt.
Evaluating models for estimating introduction rates of alien species from discovery records
Authors: Buba Yehezkel , Kiflawi Moshe , McGeoch Melodie A. , Belmaker Jonathan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimReducing the rate of alien species introductions is a major conservation aim. However, accurately quantifying the rate at which species are introduced into new regions remains a challenge due to the confounding effect of observation efforts on discovery records. Despite the recognition of this issue, most analyses are still based on raw discovery records, leading to biased inferences. In this study, we evaluate different models for estimating introduction rates, including new models that use auxiliary data on observation effort, and identify their strengths and weaknesses.InnovationWe compare four models: (1) a naïve model which assumes perfect detection; (2) a model proposed by Solow and Costello (the S&C model); (3) constant detection model: a modified version of the S&C model with constant detection probabilities and (4) a novel sampling proxy model: a model that uses external data on observation effort. We simulate discovery records of varying lengths, introduction rates and temporal patterns of detection probabilities to explore scenarios under which these models accurately estimate underlying introduction rates. (5) We also include code to perform a model based on Belmaker using independent data on the number of native species.Main conclusionWe found that the length of the discovery records and the annual number of recorded species play a crucial role in the performance of all models. Under simulated scenarios of high detection, the naïve model is usually the best‐performing model, but it falls short when detection is low. Moreover, we find that in simulations which most likely mimic most real‐world cases (i.e. non‐monotonic probability of detection), incorporating external data on observation effort using the sampling proxy model, substantially improve estimates. This highlights the importance of considering observation effort when estimating introduction rates of alien species. To facilitate the use of these models, we provide a decision workflow and a dedicated R package (‘alien’).
Optimal emergency hospitals construction in an unexpected epidemic with considering the interactive effect
Authors: Liu Ming , Zhu Xiaoxiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConstructing emergency hospitals is one of the most critical measures to defeat an unexpected epidemic. However, existing operations research (OR) studies rarely consider the interactive effect between the construction of emergency hospitals and the dynamics of epidemic transmission. Inspired by this gap, we propose a new modeling framework for decision‐making in emergency hospital construction. In our optimization model, we address the pandemic evolution functions as constraints. We also consider the heterogeneity among infected individuals, distinguishing between those with mild and severe symptoms, each requiring treatment in different types of emergency hospitals. We formulate the problem as a mixed integer nonlinear programming model. Our model can envision the current and future evolution of the epidemic and the impact of different decisions regarding emergency hospital construction on epidemic development. Simultaneously, it provides the optimal strategy to build hospitals and minimize the total number of untreated patients due to the disease. The proposed model is tested using the Covid‐19 outbreak case in Wuhan. The results can provide precise guidelines for emergency hospitals construction, including timing and capacity, and offer decision boundaries for policymakers considering the uncertainty of disease transmission. Furthermore, our decision‐making framework is general and can be adapted to study other epidemics.
Assessment of probiotic intervention for control of biofilm former Escherichia coli isolates of animal‐origin foods
Authors: Sharan Manjeet , Dhaka Pankaj , Bedi Jasbir Singh , Mehta Nitin , Singh Randhir 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe study investigates the efficacy of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus casei) in combating Escherichia coli biofilms by determining antibacterial, anti‐biofilm activity, auto‐aggregation, and co‐aggregation assay. The study included 115 E. coli isolates from milk (n = 36), chicken meat (n = 33), and chicken eggs (n = 46). Among 115 E. coli isolates, 22.61% were strong biofilm formers. The LAB strain, L. rhamnosus exhibited a 28.47 mm mean antibacterial inhibition zone, an average reduction of 51.22% in biofilm growth, 55.46% auto‐aggregation, and 41.57% co‐aggregation with E. coli. Similarly, L. casei demonstrated a 21.55 mm mean antibacterial inhibition zone, an average reduction of 36.74% in biofilm growth, 45.23% auto‐aggregation, and 38.74% co‐aggregation with E. coli isolates. Both strains individually and in combination demonstrate substantial reductions in biofilm growth, with L. rhamnosus observed to be more effective than L. casei. Scanning electron microscopy provides valuable insights into the structural aspects of the probiotic impact on diminishing E. coli biofilm. Probiotics' ability to auto‐aggregate and co‐aggregate with pathogenic strains serves as an initial screening method for identifying suitable probiotic bacteria. In conclusion, the results underscore the efficacy of specific LAB strains in combating E. coli biofilm formation. This study provides a basis for future investigations into LAB's capacity to mitigate biofilm‐related hurdles and strengthen microbial management protocols within food processing settings or relevant food substrates.
Social Media and Nutritional Guidelines in Pregnancy
Authors: Drummond Nora , Miller Alexa , Kramer Melia , Zielinski Ruth 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionNutrition impacts health outcomes of pregnant people and their fetuses. Discussing nutrition with patients may be challenging for health care providers. In this vacuum, patients use social media for health information during pregnancy. Little is known about the type and quality of nutrition information that is available on social media. The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore the pregnancy nutrition messages contained in social media videos for content and evaluate the information's concordance with evidence‐based guidelines.MethodsA review of current social media video content for nutrition in pregnancy was conducted across 4 platforms: YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok. Content analysis was used to descriptively and categorically analyze the social media video content.ResultsIn the 62 social media videos reviewed, most were not consistent with established guidelines, were inaccurate, or presented a homogenous and unrealistic image of the pregnant person. Four categories of nutrition in pregnancy social media information emerged: what to eat, what not to eat, what I ate: aspirational, and what I ate: rebellion. Few videos were produced by health care organizations. Some were produced by anonymous organizations, with the majority made by pregnant or postpartum people. Many were testimonial or confessional in style. Despite regulations requiring identification of paid posts and advertisements, it was difficult to discern if videos were authentic sharing of patient experiences or advertisements.DiscussionThere is incorrect and incomplete information on social media surrounding nutrition in pregnancy. Professional guidelines for nutrition in pregnancy are available but are not as accessible to patients as social media videos. Social media use is associated with disordered eating and increased risk of anxiety and depression. However, targeted interventions by health care providers that use social media platforms have been successful in the distribution of credible health information. Midwives and other health care providers should share evidence‐based nutrition recommendation with patients to facilitate meaningful conversations around nutrition in pregnancy during in person and online interactions.
High‐dimensionality structure in English‐language personality type‐nouns
Authors: Vader Vinita , Saucier Gerard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivePast applications of the lexical approach to type‐noun personality structures have yielded different results compared with those generated for adjectival personality structures, since then new methods have arisen for identifying robust higher‐dimensionality structure in data. This research aims to identify an optimal taxonomy of English language type‐nouns.MethodCurrent study reanalyzed 372 type‐nouns from a previous study emphasizing robustness across methodological variations (original vs. ipsatized data, oblique vs. orthogonal rotations, convergence between male and female target ratings) to determine a replicable but more comprehensive model of personality type‐noun structure.ResultsA 13‐factor original‐data oblimin‐rotated solution was determined to be the most robust model, except for a one‐factor model that was far less comprehensive and informative; an original‐data 32‐factor oblimin‐rotated solution was also fairly robust. Although each of the Big Five adjectival markers indicated a large correlation with one or more type‐noun factors; nearly half of the 13 type‐noun factors lacked such large correlations with the Big Five.ConclusionsA high‐dimensionality approach thus indicated that type‐nouns capture substantial content beyond the Big Five. A comparison with the character‐types described by an ancient philosopher (Theophrastus) signified that some granular type‐noun dimensions may have stability across multiple millennia.
Influence of mobility on the long‐term risk of tooth extraction/loss in periodontitis patients. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Peditto Matteo , Rupe Cosimo , Gambino Giorgia , Di Martino Maria , Barbato Luigi , Cairo Francesco , Oteri Giacomo , Cavalcanti Raffaele 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review (SR) was to assess whether tooth mobility (TM) increases the risk of tooth extraction/loss. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO database (CRD42023485425). The focused PECO questions were as follows: (1) “In patients with periodontitis, undergoing periodontal treatment, are teeth affected by mobility at higher risk of being extracted/lost compared to non‐mobile teeth, with a minimum follow‐up of 10 years?” and (2) “In these patients, does varying degrees of tooth mobility increase the risk of tooth extraction/loss, with a minimum follow‐up of 10 years?”. Results were reported according to PRISMA statement. Electronic and manual searches were conducted to identify longitudinal studies. The different assessments of tooth mobility were pooled into three groups: TM0: Undetectable tooth mobility, TM1: Horizontal/Mesio‐distal mobility ≤1 mm, TM2: Horizontal/Mesio‐distal mobility >1 mm or vertical tooth mobility. Tooth loss was the primary outcome. Various meta‐analyses were conducted, including subgroup analyses considering different follow‐up lengths and the timing of TM assessment, along with sensitivity analyses. A trial sequential analysis was also performed. Eleven studies were included (1883 patients). The mean follow‐up range was 10–25 years. The weighted total of included teeth, based on the sample size, was 18 918, with a total of 1604 (8.47%) extracted/lost teeth. The overall rate of tooth extraction/loss increased with increasing mobility: TM0 was associated with a 5.85% rate (866/14822), TM1 with the 11.8% (384/3255), TM2 with the 40.3% (339/841). Mobile teeth (TM1/TM2) were at an increased risk for tooth extraction/loss, compared to TM0 (HR: 2.85; [95% CI 1.88–4.32]; p < .00001). TM1 had a higher risk than TM0 (HR: 1.96; [95% CI 1.09–3.53]; p < .00001). TM2 had a higher risk than TM1 (HR: 2.85; [95% CI 2.19–3.70]; p < .00001) and TM0 (HR: 7.12; [95% CI 3.27–15.51]; p < .00001). The results of the tests for subgroup differences were not significant. Sensitivity meta‐analyses yielded consistent results with other meta‐analyses. Within the limits of the quality of the studies included in the meta‐analyses, mobile teeth were at higher risk of being extracted/lost in the long‐term and higher degrees of TM significantly influenced clinicians‘ decision to extract a tooth. However, most teeth can be retained in the long‐term and thus TM should not be considered a reason for extraction or a risk factor for tooth loss, regardless of the degree of TM.
Limosilactobacillus reuteri supernatant attenuates inflammatory responses of human gingival fibroblasts to LPS but not to elevated glucose levels
Authors: Janson T. M. , Ramenzoni L. L. , Hatz C. R. , Schlagenhauf U. , Attin T. , Schmidlin P. R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimWe investigated the in vitro effect of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 supernatant on the inflammatory response of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or elevated glucose levels.MethodsHGF were exposed to LPS (1 μg/mL), glucose (5, 12 mM or 25 mM), and dilutions of supernatant prepared from L. reuteri DSM 17938 (0.5 × 107, 1.0 × 107, 2.5 × 107, and 5.0 × 107 CFU/mL). After 24 h cell viability and levels of cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐8) and TLR‐2 were determined.ResultsNone of the tested L. reuteri (DSM 17938) supernatant concentrations reduced the viability of HGF. Supernatant concentrations (2.5 × 107 and 5 × 107 CFU/mL) significantly (p < .05) decreased the production of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TLR‐2 in the presence of LPS. In contrast, inflammatory markers were not reduced by L. reuteri supernatant in the presence of glucose. Glucose concentrations of 12 mM and 24 mM still lead to an elevated production of the investigated biochemical mediators.ConclusionWhile L. reuteri (DSM 17938) supernatant attenuates the inflammatory response of HGF to LPS in a dose‐dependent manner, elevated glucose levels suppress this action. These in vitro results support the overall anti‐inflammatory efficacy of L. reuteri supplementation in plaque‐associated periodontal inflammations.
Contributors to fatigue among nurses working in critical care units: A qualitative study
Authors: Abbaszadeh Reyhaneh , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Khoobi Mitra , Kazemnejad Anoshirvan , Vaismoradi Mojtaba 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundFatigue is a growing concern among nurses who provide care to unstable and critically ill patients in critical care wards. It has various negative consequences for both nurses and patients.AimTo explore and describe contributors to fatigue among nurses working in critical care units.Study DesignA qualitative content analysis.ResultsParticipants were 21 nurses chosen using purposeful sampling. They were working in different critical care units at different hospitals in nine urban areas of Iran. Semi‐structured interviews were used to collect data, and conventional content analysis was used to develop categories and subcategories. The analysis of data on the nurses' perspectives and experiences led to developing nine categories as contributors to fatigue: ‘compassion fatigue’, ‘extensive network of interactions’, ‘sound and alarm fatigue’, ‘psychological tensions’, ‘managerial and organizational tensions’, ‘lack of motivation and incentives’, ‘individual characteristics of nurses’, ‘physical and mental pressure’, and requirements of special care and situational complexity’.ConclusionsUnderstanding the factors that influence the experience of fatigue among nurses working in critical care units is essential for maintaining a reliable and high‐quality health care environment within health care facilities.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe experience of fatigue by critical care nurses can increase the possibility of practice errors, reduce patient safety and quality of care, and enhance staff burnout and turnover. Proactive policies should be formulated to assess nurses' fatigue levels and implement strategies for effective fatigue management. This approach aims to enhance both patient safety and job satisfaction in the workplace.
A head movement analysis of second position clitics: The case of Russian polar particle li
Authors: Shushurin Philip 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRussian polar particle li is usually analyzed as a second position clitic, constrained to appear at the linearly second position in the clause. I suggest that this requirement is a consequence of head movement: li is generated in —a polarity projection—merged directly above the associated polar constituent (X). This constituent must head‐move and left‐adjoin to li. The complex head (X+li) is largely equivalent to a wh‐word: at later stages of the derivation, it is attracted to the left periphery of the clause. li can be seen as an analog of a wh‐morpheme, which merges with different morphemes to form a wh‐word. Treating X+li as a complex head allows us to reduce the second position requirement of li to the left edge requirement on the X+li, a requirement often postulated for wh‐words. I provide further evidence for the hypothesis by showing the complementarity of li and negation.
miR394 modulates brassinosteroid signaling to regulate hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Shuo , Zhao Zhongjuan , Lu Qing , Li Mingru , Dai Xuehuan , Shan Mengqi , Liu Zhenhua , Bai Ming‐Yi , Xiang Fengning 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYThe interplay between microRNAs (miRNAs) and phytohormones allows plants to integrate multiple internal and external signals to optimize their survival of different environmental conditions. Here, we report that miR394 and its target gene LEAF CURLING RESPONSIVENESS (LCR), which are transcriptionally responsive to BR, participate in BR signaling to regulate hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phenotypic analysis of various transgenic and mutant lines revealed that miR394 negatively regulates BR signaling during hypocotyl elongation, whereas LCR positively regulates this process. Genetically, miR394 functions upstream of BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2), BRASSINAZOLEs RESISTANT1 (BZR1), and BRI1‐EMS‐SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1), but interacts with BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) and BRI1 SUPRESSOR PROTEIN (BSU1). RNA‐sequencing analysis suggested that miR394 inhibits BR signaling through BIN2, as miR394 regulates a significant number of genes in common with BIN2. Additionally, miR394 increases the accumulation of BIN2 but decreases the accumulation of BZR1 and BES1, which are phosphorylated by BIN2. MiR394 also represses the transcription of PACLOBUTRAZOL RESISTANCE1/5/6 and EXPANSIN8, key genes that regulate hypocotyl elongation and are targets of BZR1/BES1. These findings reveal a new role for a miRNA in BR signaling in Arabidopsis.