bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary calcification in patients with marker-positive acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Voigtländer Thomas , Möhlenkamp Stefan , Eggebrecht Holger , Budde Thomas , Erbel Raimund , Schmermund Axel 
Published: September 2010

Background: The value of assessing coronary artery calcium (CAC) with regard to characterizing unstable coronary artery disease remains controversial. Purpose: To evaluate the amount of CAC in patients with an acute marker-positive coronary syndrome in segments containing the culprit lesion compared with the remote coronary segments. Material and Methods: Thirty-two patients with a marker-positive acute coronary syndrome were examined using electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT), selective coronary angiography and, in some, intravascular ultrasound. The coronary anatomy was analyzed according to the segmental classification proposed by the American Heart Association (AHA). Results: The total EBCT coronary artery calcium score (CAC, Agatston method) was 251±371 (range 0–1629). In 81% of the patients, a greater CAC score was observed than expected on the basis of age and gender. In 30 patients, significant stenoses were detected. The CAC score of the culprit vessel was 108±163 vs 78±134 in the non-culprit vessels and did not differ significantly ( P=0.4). The mean CAC score of the coronary segment (AHA classification) containing the culprit lesion was 51±82 vs 29±45 in the other coronary artery segments ( P=0.14). Of the two patients with no CAC detected by EBCT, one had no coronary atherosclerosis (confirmed by intravascular ultrasound) and one had one vessel coronary artery disease. Conclusion: Coronary calcium related to the culprit lesion in patients with a marker-positive acute coronary syndrome showed a tendency for an increased amount but was not statistically different from the amount of coronary calcium in remote vessel segments.
GE-145, a new low-osmolar dimeric radiographic contrast medium
Authors: Wistrand Lars-G. , Rogstad Astri , Hagelin Gunnar , Roed Line , Oulie Inger , Gram Andreas , Evans Paul , Rasmussen Henrik , Grant Derek , Iveson Peter , Newton Ben , Thaning Mikkel 
Published: September 2010

Background: Contrast-induced nephrotoxicity is a significant risk when using radiographic contrast media clinically, especially in high risk patients. Consequently, there is a need for a new contrast agent with improved clinical safety with regards to nephrotoxicity. Purpose: To evaluate the physicochemical properties as well as the preclinical safety and biodistribution parameters of the newly developed radiographic contrast medium GE-145. Material and Methods: Standard methods for radiographic contrast media were used for evaluation of physicochemical properties. The acute toxicity in rats was studied at 8, 10, and 12.5 gI/kg, the clinical chemistry parameters were determined, and histology of the kidneys was performed. Biodistribution was studied in rats using 123I-labeled GE-145. Results: GE-145 is more hydrophilic than iodixanol and has a considerably lower osmolality. The viscosity is similar to that of iodixanol and the protein binding is low. The acute toxicity is similar to that of iodixanol and the biodistribution is similar to that of other radiographic contrast media, showing mainly renal excretion. Kidney histology showed a moderate reversible vacuolization, similar to that of iodixanol. Conclusion: GE-145 exhibits similar preclinical properties to other dimeric radiographic contrast media. In addition, the low osmolality enables an iso-osmolar formulation containing a significantly higher concentration of electrolytes than Visipaque.
Image quality and attenuation values of multidetector CT coronary angiography using high iodine-concentration contrast material: a comparison of the use of iopromide 370 and iomeprol 400
Authors: Kim Eun Young , Yeh Dae Wook , Choe Yeon Hyeon , Lee Won Jae , Lim Hyo Keun 
Published: September 2010

Background: Effects of high iodine-concentration contrast material on the image quality of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) have not been well evaluated. Purpose: To compare the image quality and attenuation values of CCTA between patients administered iopromide 370 and iomeprol 400 with the use of 64-slice multidetector CT. Material and Methods: Patients were prospectively enrolled and were randomized into two groups (group A, 151 patients received iopromide 370, iodine flux = 1.48 g I/s; group B, 146 patients received iomeprol 400, iodine flux = 1.60 g I/s). CT attenuation was measured in the coronary arteries and great arteries and measurements were standardized based on an iodine flux of 1.50 g I/s. The image quality of 15 coronary artery segments was graded by two radiologists in consensus with the use of a four-point scale (1 = excellent to 4 = poor enhancement). Non-parametric statistical approaches were used to compare the two groups. Results: The median attenuation values in the coronary arteries were 454 HU and 464 HU for iopromide 370 and iomeprol 400, respectively, and they did not differ ( P = 0.26). When standardizing for an iodine flux, significantly higher attenuation values were found for iopromide 370 (median = 460 HU, range = 216–791 HU) compared with iomeprol 400 (median = 435 HU, range = 195–758 HU) ( P = 0.006). The median image quality score of coronary arterial segments was 1 (range 1–2) for both groups ( P = 0.84). Conclusion: The attenuation values in the coronary arteries after injection of the same amount of two high iodine-concentration contrast materials at the same flow rate with different iodine fluxes are similar with no difference in image quality. With standardization for an iodine flux, the attenuation is significantly higher when using iopromide 370.
Cerebral diffusion and perfusion deficits in North Sea divers
Authors: Moen Gunnar , Specht Karsten , Taxt Torfinn , Sundal Endre , Grønning Marit , Thorsen Einar , Troland Kari , Irgens Ågot , Grüner Renate 
Published: September 2010

Background: Diving is associated with a risk of cerebral decompression illness, and the prevalence of neurological symptoms is higher in divers compared with control groups. Microvascular dysfunction due to gas microembolism and exposure to hyperoxia are possible mechanisms, which may result in cerebral diffusion and perfusion deficits. Purpose: To investigate if possible functional derangements of the microvasculature and microstructure would be more prevalent among symptomatic divers. Material and Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 91 former divers and 45 controls. Individual parametric images of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and mean transit time (MTT) were generated on the basis of diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging. To identify regions with statistically significant differences between groups ( P < 0.05, corrected for false discovery rate), voxel-wise ANCOVA analysis was performed for each of the four parametric images. Results: Significant regional group differences were found in all four parametric comparisons. Gross regional ADC differences were seen throughout the brain, including large frontal and temporal white-matter regions, the hippocampus, and parts of the cerebellum. Differences in the perfusion maps were localized in fewer and smaller clusters, including parts of the cerebellum, the putamen, and the anterior watershed regions. Conclusion: Regional functional abnormalities as measured by diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging were identified in the divers, and there was a partial co-localization of the regions identified in the perfusion and the diffusion images. The findings may explain some of the long-term clinical symptoms reported among professional divers.
Clinico-radio-pathologic features of a solitary solid renal mass at MDCT examination
Authors: Kim Eun Young , Park Byung Kwan , Kim Chan Kyo , Lee Hyun Moo 
Published: September 2010

Background: Incidental detection of solid renal masses has been increasing since the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanner was introduced. Purpose: To evaluate the clinico-radio-pathologic features of a solitary solid renal mass at MDCT examination. Material and Methods: A total of 466 non-fatty solid renal masses in 466 patients undergoing nephrectomy were evaluated by MDCT examination. MDCT was performed before and after intravenous injection of contrast material. We obtained the incidences of benign tumors versus malignant tumors, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) versus non-RCC, and asymptomatic RCCs versus symptomatic RCCs. MDCT accuracy for detection of RCC was obtained with a threshold of more than 20 HU tumor attenuation difference between unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT images. Nuclear grade was also compared between small RCCs (≤4 cm) and large RCCs (>4 cm). Results: Of 466 tumors, 443 (95%) were malignant and 23 (5%) were benign. Of 443 malignant tumors, 437 (99%) were RCC and 6 (1%) were non-RCC. Of 437 RCCs, 324 (74%) were asymptomatic and 113 (26%) were symptomatic. Asymptomatic RCCs ( n=183, 56%) were more frequently pT1a than symptomatic RCCs ( n=28, 25%) ( P<0.05). MDCT accuracy for detection of RCC was 94% (437/466). Of 220 RCCs ≤4 cm, low grade RCC (53%) was more common than high grade RCC (47%). Conclusion: Most solitary solid renal masses are early stage RCCs and can be diagnosed preoperatively at MDCT examination.
Role of Vitamin E on Indomethacin induced low pH of Seminal Fluid in Long Evans Rats
Authors: Alam Md Jahangir , Naushaba Humaira , Paul Uttam Kumar , Begum Tahmina , Shahriah Sunjida , Ahmed Md Shameem , Hossain Md Moazzem 
Published: September 2010

Context: Indomethacin is the most commonly and widely used nonsteroidal antinflammatory analgesic and antipyretic drug. Though it is effective drug in various diseases, indomethacin causes inhibition of spermatogenesis by lowering the pH of seminal fluid leading to infertility. On the other hand, vitamin E enhances spermatogenesis by increasing pH of the seminal fluid. Therefore, the present study was designed to observe the protective role of vitamin E on indomethacin induced low pH of seminal fluid in testicular damage. Objective: To observe the effects of vitamin E on indomethacin induced low pH of seminal fluid in testicular damage in Long Evans rats. Study design: An experimental study. Place and period of study: The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka in the period of August, 2005 to June, 2006. Materials and methods: Eightyfour mature Long Evans male rats were divided into four groups (I, II, III and IV). The rats of group I, II and III were treated with indomethacin at different doses and duration. Group IV rats were treated with indomethacin plus vitamin E at different doses for 49 days. The pH of seminal fluid were measured biochemically. Results: There was significant reduction (P<0.001) of pH of seminal fluid when the rats were treated with indomethacin at low (2 mg/kg body weight/day) and high (10 mg/kg body weight/day) doses for 7, 14 and 42 days, respectively. On the other hand, rats treated with indomethacin plus vitamin E for 49 days showed increase in pH of seminal fluid compared to other groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that vitamin E has potential role in the prevention of the antispermatogenic effects of indomethacin by increasing the pH of seminal fluid. Key words: seminal fluid; indomethacin; vitamin E DOI: 10.3329/bja.v8i1.6103 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy January 2010, Vol. 8 No. 1 pp. 13-15
Attac : un tournant écolo
Authors: Haeringer Nicolas 
Published: September 2010

Résumé Fondée en 1998, Attac s’est donné pour objectif de « désarmer les marchés ». Plus de dix ans après, l’association, qui entend articuler éducation populaire et action n’a pas délaissé son travail des ressorts du néolibéralisme, et poursuit ses campagnes pour la taxation des transactions financières, contre les « plans de relance » et de soutien aux économies les plus touchées par la crise. Mais Attac s’est très largement ouverte aux questions environnementales et climatiques, qu’elle ne cesse de relier aux questions sociales et économiques. Dans cet entretien, Geneviève Azam revient sur ce « tournant écolo » dont elle est l’une des initiatrices.
« Changer le système, pas le climat » : la construction du mouvement pour la justice climatique
Authors: Haeringer Nicolas 
Published: September 2010

Résumé En décembre 2007, des mouvements sociaux et environnementaux, présents à Bali pour le sommet de l’Onu sur le changement climatique ont décidé de créer la coalition « Climate Justice Now ! » (CJN !). Deux ans après, ce réseau a été l’un des piliers des mobilisations organisés en marge du sommet de Copenhague - mobilisations que leurs organisateurs ont décrites comme marquant l’ouverture d’un « nouveau cycle de luttes ». Dans cet entretien, Nicola Bullard? ** revient pour Mouvements sur la naissance de CJN ! et sur les liens que la coalition entretient avec la dynamique altermondialiste.
Penser le passage du social au politique
Authors: Adamovsky Ezequiel 
Published: September 2010

Résumé L’un des débats les plus vifs dans lequel se sont engagés les militants altermondialistes porte sur leur rapport au politique - distance critique (et affirmation des forums sociaux comme espaces de la société civile) ou volonté d’appuyer les processus politiques proches pour tenter de construire des passerelles directes entre les revendications que portent les militants et leur mise en œuvre politique ? Entre les deux, les options et positionnements sont nombreux. Dans cet article, Ezequiel Adamosky plaide pour l’invention d’interfaces qui permettent le « passage du social au politique ». Il ne s’agit pas pour lui d’étudier un passage indispensable d’un stade de lutte à la prise de pouvoir. Adamosky propose en fait de renverser la perspective : les expériences sociales (les luttes) devraient venir irriguer le politique, et le « coloniser ». Pour cela, il est nécessaire de penser des formes d’organisations « anticipatrices ».
Grésillements
Authors: Indermuhle Christian 
Published: September 2010

Résumé	La philosophie contemporaine multiplie les dispositifs de repérage, de notification, de mobilisation par lesquels les voix sont continuellement mises en (im)puissance sur un horizon politique. Avec Spinoza, Karkowski et Jupitter-Larsen, les traditions matérialistes montrent que d’autres phonalisations sont là – fragiles et innombrables ; pour autant qu’on ne transforme pas la physique du « bruit » et de ses grésillements en fond d’absurdité nihiliste duquel des voix seraient chargées d’émerger.
Scanning Probe Microscopy as a Tool for the Fabrication of Structured Surfaces
Authors: Haensch Claudia , Herzer Nicole , Hoeppener Stephanie , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Structuring with Self‐Assembled Monolayers

Dip‐Pen Nanolithography

Thermal Dip‐Pen Nanolithography

DPN
with Biomolecules

DPN
with Polymers

DPN
with Fluorescent Dyes

DPN
in the Field of Electrolytes

DPN
with Nanomaterials

Chemical
DPN

Structuring of Self‐Assembled Monolayers

Nanoshaving

Nanografting

Electro‐Oxidative Lithography

Local Anodic Oxidation

Chemical Activation of Self‐Assembled Monolayers

Catalytic Lithography

Surface Chemical Reactions for Structured Surfaces

Molecular Overlayers – Functionalization – Precursors

Surface Chemistry

Substitution

Click Chemistry

Esterification/Amidation

Schiff Base Reactions

Formation of Thioureas and Ureas

Oxidation

Photochemistry

Polymer Brushes

Others

Multifunctionality

Summary and Outlook
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Surface Patterning by Microcontact Printing
Authors: Mehlich Jan , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

What is Microcontact Printing?

The “Master”

The Stamp

Inks and Stamps for Microcontact Printing

Supramolecular µ
CP

Microcontact Printing and Soft Lithography

Nanotransfer Printing

Microcontact Printing and Biological Arrays

µ
CP
of
DNA

Affinity Contact Printing

Microcontact Printing and Surface Chemistry

From Micro to Nano: Increasing the Resolution of Microcontact Printing

Conclusions and Outlook
Advances in Nanoimprint Lithography: 2‐
D
and 3‐
D
Nanopatterning of Surfaces by Nanoimoprint Lithography, Morphological Characterization, and Photonic Applications
Authors: Reboud Vincent , Kehoe Timothy , Kehagias Nikolaos , Sotomayor Torres Clivia M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Three‐Dimensional, Nanoimprint‐Based Lithography

Background

Reverse
NIL

Reverse‐Contact
UVNIL

The Prospects for 3‐
D
NIL

Metrology for Nanoimprinting

Introduction

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Atomic Force Microscopy

Transmission Electron Microscopy

Optical Critical Dimension Metrology: Scatterometry

Other Methods

Physical Properties

Residual Layer Thickness in
NIL

Towards An Integrated Metrology

Two‐Dimensional Nanopatterned Polymer Components for Photonic Applications

Overview on Applications Realized by
NIL

Nanoimprinted Optical Resonators

Nanoimprinted Polymeric Band‐Edge Lasers

Patterning in Functionalized Polymers

Outlook on Nanoimprinted Polymer Devices

Conclusions

Acknowledgments
Diblock Copolymer Micelle Nanolithography: Characteristics and Applications
Authors: Lohmueller Theobald , Spatz Joachim P. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Block Copolymer Micelle Nanolithography

Introduction

Characterization on Nanoparticle Arrays

Scanning Electron Microscopy (
SEM
)

Atomic Force Microscopy (
AFM
)

Spacing and Order of Nanoparticle Arrays

Tuning the Pattern Properties

Controlling the Nanoparticle Spacing

Controlling the Particle Size

Micro‐Nanopatterned Interfaces

Applications of Nanopatterned Materials

Moth Eye Antireflective Surfaces

Cells on Nanostructured Interfaces

Conclusions
The Evolution of Langmuir–Blodgett Patterning
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Chi Lifeng 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

The
LB
Technique in Retrospect: From Homogeneous Film to Lateral Features

LB
Patterning of Organic Molecules

Direct Transfer of Featured Structures Onto Solid Substrates

Pattern Formation During
LB
Transfer

LB
Patterning of Nanomaterials

LB
Patterning of Nanoparticles

LB
Patterning of Nanowires

Application of Structures Formed by
LB
Patterning

Templated Self‐Assembly of Molecules and Nanoparticles

Pattern Transfer: From Chemical to Topographic Patterns

Integration of Nanomaterial Patterning in Nanodevice Fabrication

Conclusions and Outlook
Factors Determining the Selection of Organic Reactions by Medicinal Chemists and the Use of These Reactions in Arrays (Small Focused Libraries)
Authors: Cooper Tony W. J. , Campbell Ian B. , Macdonald Simon J. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSynthetic organic reactions are a fundamental enabler of small‐molecule drug discovery, and the vast majority of medicinal chemists are initially trained—either at universities or within industry—as synthetic organic chemists. The sheer breadth of synthetic methodology available to the medicinal chemist represents an almost endless source of innovation. But what reactions do medicinal chemists use in drug discovery? And what criteria do they use in selecting synthetic methodology? Why are arrays (small focused libraries) so powerful in the lead‐optimization process? In this Minireview, we suggest some answers to these questions and also describe how we have tried to expand the number of robust reactions available to the medicinal chemist.
Error analysis of proper motions in decination obtained for 807 Hipparcos stars from PZT observations over many decades
Authors: Damljanović G. , Pejović N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAfter publication of the Hipparcos catalogue (in 1997), a few new astrometric catalogues have appeared (TYCHO‐2, ARIHIP, etc.), as a good combination of the Hipparcos satellite and ground‐based data, to get more accurate coordinates and proper motions of stars than the Hipparcos catalogue ones. There are also investigations on improving the Hipparcos coordinates and proper motions by using the astrometric observations of latitude and universal time variations (via observed stars referred to Hipparcos catalogue), together with Hipparcos data, carried out during the last few years. These kind of ground‐based data were collected at the end of the last century by J. Vondrák. There are about 4.4 million optical observations made worldwide at 33 observatories and with 47 instruments during 1899.7–1992.0; our Belgrade visual zenith telescope data (for the period 1949.0‐1986.0) were included. First of all, these data were used to determine the Earth Orientation Parameters – EOP, but they are also useful for the opposite task – to check the accuracy of coordinates and proper motions of Hipparcos stars which were observed from the ground over many decades. Here, we use the latitude part of ten Photographic Zenith Tubes – PZT data (more than 0.9 million observations made at 6 observatories during the time interval 1915.8–1992.0), and combine them with the Hipparcos catalogue ones, with suitable weights, in order to check the proper motions in declination for 807 common PZT/Hipparcos stars (and to construct the PZT catalogue of μδ for 807 stars). Our standard errors in proper motions in declination of these stars are less than or equal to the Hipparcos ones for 423 stars. The mean value of standard errors of 313 stars observed over more than 20 years by PZT is 0.40 mas/yr. This is 53% of 0.75 mas/yr (the suitable value from the Hipparcos catalogue). We used the Least Squares Method – LSM with the linear model. Our results are in good agreement with the Earth Orientation Catalogue – EOC‐2 and the new Hipparcos ones. The main steps of the method and the investigations of systematic errors in determined proper motions (the proper motion differences with respect to the Hipparcos values, the EOC‐2 ones and the new Hipparcos ones, as a function of α, δ, and magnitude) are presented here. A comparison of the four catalogues by pairs shows that there is no significant relationship between the differences of their μδ values and magnitudes and color indices of the common 807 stars. All catalogues have relatively small random and systematic errors which are close to each other. However, the comparison shows that our formal errors are too small. They are underestimated by a factor of nearly 1.7 (for EOC‐2, it is 2.0) if we take the new Hipparcos (or Hipparcos) data as reference (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measuring ΩM and ΩΛ with long‐duration gamma‐ray bursts
Authors: Balastegui A. , Canal R. , Ruiz‐Lapuente P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGamma‐ray bursts (GRBs) are one of the most luminous events in the Universe. In addition, the Universe itself is almost transparent to γ ‐rays, making GRBs detectable up to very high redshifts. As a result, GRBs are very suitable to probe the cosmological parameters. This work shows the potential of long‐duration GRBs for measuring the cosmological parameters ΩM and ΩΛ by comparing the observed log N ‐log P distribution with the theoretical one. Provided that the GRBs rate and luminosity function are well determined, the best values and 1σ confidence intervals obtained are ΩM = 0.22+0.05–0.03 and ΩΛ = 1.06+0.05–0.10. Finally, a set of simulations show the ability of the method to measure ΩM and ΩΛ (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)