bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of almagel-induced methemoglobinemia after pancreatoduodenal resection
Authors: Gudaityte Jurate , Borodiciene Jurgita , Zalys Ricardas , Rugyte Danguole , Macas Andrius , Latkauskas Tadas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe are reporting the case of severe methemoglobinemia resulting from Almagel which was given for treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers after pancreatoduodenal resection. A 64 year old man was treated with Almagel A postoperatively. One day after treatment began, the patient reported what appeared to be cyanotic discolorations of his lips and fingers. (SpO2 80%, normal pO2). Two days later, the patient was diagnosed with methemoglobinemia via co-oximetry and treated with methylene blue. The causes of methemoglobinemia remained unclear, and Almagel A was reinitiated until the second episode of methemoglobinemia, was diagnosed and treated promptly. The dose of benzocaine in Almagel A (100 mg/5 ml) was sufficient enough to cause methemoglobinemia, confirmed using multiwavelength co-oximeter and successfully treated with methylene blue.
Functional characterization of human Kindlin-2 core promoter identifies a key role of SP1 in Kindlin-2 transcriptional regulation
Authors: Khan Ammad , Shimokawa Takashi , Strömblad Staffan , Zhang Hongquan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractKindlin-2 is a recently identified FERM and PH domain containing integrin interacting protein. Kindlin-2 is ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues. So far, much effort has been spent exploring the functional aspects of Kindlin-2. However, the transcriptional regulation of Kindlin-2 has not yet been investigated. In this study we identified and functionally characterized the promoter of the human Kindlin-2 gene. We show that the core promoter of Kindlin-2 is a 39 base pair long GC rich fragment located −122/-83 upstream of the Kindlin-2 transcription start site. Functional characterization of this core promoter region by both in silico as well as in vitro/in vivo analysis shows that the transcription factor SP1 plays an important role in regulation of Kindlin-2 expression.
Entre Libye et Soudan : la fermeture d'une piste transsaharienne
Authors: Drozdz Martine , Pliez Olivier 
Published: September 2011

Résumé La fermeture des pistes sahariennes entre le Soudan et la Libye en 2003 a entraîné le démantèlement d’une des principales routes empruntées par les migrants subsahariens se rendant en Afrique du Nord durant les années 1990. Mais cette route transsaharienne était initialement un champ migratoire circonscrit au Darfour. Comment s’est-il étendu ensuite à l’ensemble du Soudan ? Quelles recompositions la décision de fermeture entraîne-t-elle dans l’ensemble des villes et des marchés intégrés au réseau migratoire et commerçant ? C’est à la fois la pérennité et la mutation des communautés marchandes, des flux migratoires, des marchés et lieux de transit des flux transsahariens au départ ou via le Soudan qui seront abordés ici.
Quand les frères burkinabè de la petite Jamahiriyya s'arrêtent à Tripoli
Authors: Bredeloup Sylvie , Zongo Mahamadou 
Published: September 2011

Résumé Sensibles aux appels réitérés du dirigeant de la grande Jamahiriya – le nouveau chantre de l’Union africaine –, quelques Burkinabè n’ont pas hésité à s’engager dans la périlleuse traversée des déserts sahariens au cours de la dernière décennie. Les uns espéraient améliorer notablement leurs conditions de vie en trouvant un emploi ponctuel mais rémunérateur à Tripoli ou Sebha ; les autres, plus aventureux, envisageaient de poursuivre leur chemin vers l’Europe à partir de cette porte d’entrée. D’autres enfin, plus récemment, ont fui le conflit ivoirien sans prendre le temps de reconfigurer leur projet migratoire, emboîtant le pas à des compatriotes avertis. Alors que de nouvelles relations diplomatiques s’instaurent entre la Libye et les pays européens, d’autres stratégies migratoires émergent. Alors que l’embargo a été levé, le gouvernement de M. Kadhafi accepte de jouer le rôle de « sentinelle avancée » pour les États de Schengen principalement préoccupés par la défense de la « forteresse Europe », contribuant à la diffusion de l’amalgame bien souvent réalisé entre clandestinité et criminalité mais aussi à la précarisation extrême des migrants dernièrement arrivés.
Conflit de couleurs. Enjeux géopolitiques autour de la naturalisation de sportifs africains
Authors: Poli Raffaele 
Published: September 2011

Résumé En analysant les processus de naturalisation de sportifs et d’intégration de footballeurs doubles nationaux au sein de sélections nationales dans une perspective géopolitique, l’article met en exergue l’inégalité des rapports de force entre pays riches, tant en Europe que dans le Golfe Persique, et pays défavorisés, en Afrique. Différents exemples illustrent les enjeux sous-jacents aux changements de nationalité opérés par des sportifs africains au bénéfice de pays à même de leur offrir de meilleures conditions de vie. Il apparaît ainsi que si les pays africains ne subissent pas passivement cette « fuite des muscles », ils tendent à sortir perdants dans la lutte entre États pour l’appropriation du talent des meilleurs sportifs.
Péninsule et incertitudes coréennes : quels enjeux géopolitiques pour la Chine ?
Authors: Colin Sébastien 
Published: September 2011

La Chine est aujourd’hui le seul pays au monde à entretenir des relations étroites avec les deux Corées dans le contexte d’une péninsule coréenne divisée. La politique chinoise vis-à-vis de la péninsule comprend trois tendances : réduction des tensions concernant le dossier nucléaire nord-coréen, maintien des liens traditionnels et des relations économiques avec la Corée du Nord et coopération économique avec la Corée du Sud. Le principal souci de la Chine est en fait de préserver la stabilité et de prévenir un potentiel nouveau conflit sur la péninsule coréenne qui représente historiquement pour elle un véritable « verrou géopolitique » et constitue aujourd’hui un dossier complexe, ponctué d’incertitudes, sur lequel sa marge de manœuvre n’est pas sans limites. Le contexte de la division coréenne et son hypothétique future réunification oblige la Chine à anticiper divers scénarios qui rendent parfois sa politique envers la péninsule ambivalente.
Vous avez le droit de garder le silence
Authors: Oppel Jean-Hugues 
Published: September 2011

Résumé Considéré comme l’un des principaux héritiers du néopolar français, Jean-Hugues Oppel est l’auteur de nombreux polars politiques, le plus souvent satiriques. Il livre ici pour Mouvements un regard critique sur l’apparition du polar à la télévision française. Récompensé par le Grand Prix de littérature policière en 1996, il a également été assistant opérateur de plusieurs long-métrages auprès de cinéastes de renom tels que Roman Polanski ou Bertrand Tavernier. Ce « billet d’humeur » exploite les enjeux des auteurs et du genre face à l’écran.
Constitutive and Inflammation-Dependent Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Epithelium Are Differentially Processed and Inactivated by the Commensal Finegoldia magna and the Pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Frick Inga-Maria , Nordin Sara L. , Baumgarten Maria , Mörgelin Matthias , Sørensen Ole E. , Olin Anders I. , Egesten Arne 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Epithelial linings serve as physical barriers and produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to maintain host integrity. Examples are the bactericidal proteins midkine (MK) and BRAK/CXCL14 that are constitutively produced in the skin epidermal layer, where the anaerobic Gram-positive coccoid commensal Finegoldia magna resides. Consequently, this bacterium is likely to encounter both MK and BRAK/CXCL14, making these molecules possible threats to its habitat. In this study, we show that MK expression is upregulated during inflammation, concomitant with a strong downregulation of BRAK/CXCL14, resulting in changed antibacterial conditions. MK, BRAK/CXCL14, and the inflammation-dependent antimicrobial β-defensins human β-defensin (hBD)-2 and hBD-3 all showed bactericidal activity against both F. magna and the virulent pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes at similar concentrations. SufA, a released protease of F. magna, degraded MK and BRAK/CXCL14 but not hBD-2 nor hBD-3. Cleavage was seen at lysine and arginine residues, amino acids characteristic of AMPs. Intermediate SufA-degraded fragments of MK and BRAK/CXCL14 showed stronger bactericidal activity against S. pyogenes than F. magna, thus promoting survival of the latter. In contrast, the cysteine-protease SpeB of S. pyogenes rapidly degraded all AMPs investigated. The proteins FAF and SIC, released by F. magna and S. pyogenes, respectively, neutralized the antibacterial activity of MK and BRAK/CXCL14, protein FAF being the most efficient. Quantitation and colocalization by immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated significant levels and interactions of the molecules in in vivo and ex vivo samples. The findings reflect strategies used by a permanently residing commensal and a virulent pathogen, the latter operating during the limited time course of invasive disease.
A pilot audit of a protocol for ambulatory investigation of predicted low-risk patients with possible pulmonary embolism
Authors: McDonald AH , Murphy R 
Published: September 2011

Background: Patients with possible pulmonary embolism (PE) commonly present to acute medical services. Research has led to the identification of lowrisk patients suitable for ambulatory management. We report on a protocol designed to select low-risk patients for ambulatory investigation if confirmatory imaging is not available that day. Methods: The protocol was piloted in the Emergency Department and Medical Assessment Area at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. We retrospectively analysed electronic patient records in an open observational audit of all patients managed in the ambulatory arm over five months of use. Results: We analysed 45 patients’ records. Of these, 91.1% required imaging to confirm or refute PE, 62.2% received a computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA). In 25% of patients, PE was confirmed with musculoskeletal pain (22.7%), and respiratory tract infection (15.9%) the next most prevalent diagnoses. Alternative diagnoses was provided by CTPA in 32% of cases. We identified no adverse events or readmissions but individualised follow-up was not attempted. Conclusions: The data from this audit suggests this protocol can be applied to select and manage low-risk patients suitable for ambulatory investigation of possible PE. A larger prospective comparative study would be required to accurately define the safety and effectiveness of this protocol.
Flow Injection Analysis Techniques in Atomic Spectroscopy
Authors: Pereiro Rosario , Sanz‐Medel Alfredo 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Flow injection analysis (FIA), developed originally for the automation of serial assays, has become a powerful tool most adequate for performing on‐line any sample preparation before final measurement (e.g. sample dissolution, dilutions, matrix removal, preconcentration, etc.). It is not surprising that the combination of FIA with atomic spectrometric techniques has enlarged the analytical potential of atomic methods and expanded their field of applications. The collection of sample manipulation processes that can be covered today by flow operation procedures is amazing and therefore the general instrumentation required is reviewed in this article.
The description of the different flow strategies is carried out according to a hierarchy going from simple dilutions, reagent mixing, or standard additions, to more sophisticated flow manifolds such as those based on the use of two phases (e.g. gas–liquid, liquid–liquid, or solid–liquid) for separation/preconcentration purposes. Modern approaches allowing for on‐line decomposition/dissolution of solid samples (e.g. photooxidation and microwave heating) are also described.
The coupling of the above flow methodologies to a variety of atomization/excitation/ionization sources (flames, quartz tubes, graphite furnaces, inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs), microwave‐induced plasmas (MIPs), glow discharges (GDs), etc.) is detailed, aiming to show the usefulness of this combination for atomic techniques based either on photon measurements (absorption, emission, and fluorescence) or on ion measurements (mass spectrometry (MS)).
Lip Prints: Admissibility of Comparison Results
Authors: Moenssens Andre 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Comparing the image of a human lip impressed on an object associated with a crime scene, such as a glass, paper cup, or other surface, with that of the lips of a suspect, has been asserted by crime scene investigators to offer potentially useful evidence in identifying defendants in criminal cases. Often, it has been suggested that such traces have individualization value, though little scientific research has been published on the topic. No books or scientific literature exists examining the persistence of lip creases; and there is little information to be found on how similar or different such crease markings may be among people. Nor have generally accepted examination methodologies been described and tested.
Although frequently mentioned in criminal investigation books as providing valid evidence of identity, lip impressions have rarely featured in actual casework, because the technique is not one of the recognized forensic disciplines.
This article discusses the only appellate court decision in a criminal case involving the admissibility of evidence of a lip print comparison; it also considers the evidentiary standard by which admissibility has been judged.
Fundamentals of Rotational Spectroscopy
Authors: Bauder Alfred 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEssential features of rotational spectra are developed on the basis of the quantum mechanics of molecular rotation. The effects of the harmonic vibrations of the nuclei are considered on the molecular rotation. Permanent electric dipole moments are required for the observation of pure rotational transitions. The Stark effect is used to determine the electric dipole moment. Nuclear quadrupole splittings give information on the electronic charge distribution in molecules. Large‐amplitude internal motions in molecules lead to splittings of rotational transitions. The splittings determine the potential barriers of the internal motions.
Fundamentals of Rotation–Vibration Spectra
Authors: Albert Sieghard , Albert Karen Keppler , Hollenstein Hans , Tanner Carine Manca , Quack Martin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe provide a survey of fundamental aspects of rotation–vibration spectra. A basic understanding of the concepts is obtained from a detailed discussion of rotation–vibration spectra of diatomic molecules with only one vibrational degree of freedom. This includes approximate and exact separation of rotation and vibration, effective spectroscopic constants, the effects of nuclear spin and statistics, and transition probabilities derived from the form of the electric dipole moment function. The underlying assumptions and accuracy of the determination of molecular structure from spectra are discussed. Polyatomic molecules show many interacting vibrational degrees of freedom. Energy levels and spectra are discussed on the basis of normal coordinates and effective Hamiltonians of interacting levels in Fermi resonance, and in more complex resonance polyads arising from anharmonic potential functions. The resulting time‐dependent dynamics of intramolecular energy flow is introduced as well. Effective Hamiltonians for interacting rotation–vibration levels are derived and applied to the practical treatment of complex spectra. Currently available computer programs aiding assignment and analysis are outlined.
Analytic Derivative Methods in Molecular Electronic Structure Theory: A New Dimension to Quantum Chemistry and its Applications to Spectroscopy
Authors: Yamaguchi Yukio , Schaefer Henry F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDuring the last four decades, there have been many developments in the field of ab initio variational and nonvariational correlated wavefunctions, including nonvariational (yet size extensive) many‐body perturbation theory (MBPT) and coupled‐cluster (CC) methods. For these methods to be useful in solving problems in chemistry, analytical derivatives of total energies are almost always required. In this article, we first describe the analytic derivative methods for variational wavefunctions, namely, closed‐shell self‐consistent field (CLSCF), general restricted open‐shell SCF (GRSCF), configuration interaction (CI), and general multiconfiguration SCF (MCSCF). Then we describe the more recent developments in analytic derivative methods, including those for the MBPT and CC wavefunctions.
High‐ResolutionFTIRand Diode Laser Spectroscopy of Supersonic Jets
Authors: Snels Marcel , Horká‐Zelenková Veronika , Hollenstein Hans , Quack Martin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers and tunable diode lasers in combination with a supersonic molecular beam expansion are a perfect tool for the investigation of molecules, ions, and radicals at low temperatures. The internal degrees of freedom of the molecules are adiabatically cooled to very low temperatures and thus only low‐lying energy levels are populated. The reduction of the number of populated levels at low temperatures makes the assignment of the spectra much easier as compared to the congested room‐temperature spectra. Under certain conditions, the Doppler linewidths are greatly reduced, corresponding to very low effective translational temperatures. Supersonic expansion also provides a suitable method for producing and investigating van der Waals clusters and hydrogen‐bonded complexes. Unstable species such as radicals and ions can be efficiently produced and studied in a molecular beam. The low rotational temperature allows for the study of nuclear spin symmetry conservation or conversion between nuclear spin isomers. A molecular beam expansion can be obtained by expanding gas through a slit or a circular nozzle. Both expansion geometries can be used in combination with a multipass optical setup and with cavity ring down spectroscopy, which enhances the effective absorption path length. Cooling of the molecules can be promoted by seeding in noble gases. This article summarizes the general aspects of the experimental technique as well as current developments. To demonstrate how powerful the combination of a molecular beam expansion with tunable diode laser and FTIR spectroscopy can be, we report results on some important current examples.
High‐resolution
IR
‐laser Jet Spectroscopy of Formic Acid Dimer
Authors: Havenith Martina , Birer Özgür 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The article gives an overview of the high‐resolution spectroscopy of formic acid dimer (FAD) which serves as a prototype system of double hydrogen bonds. The structure as well as the dynamics of this system has been the subject of numerous experimental and theoretical studies. FAD exhibits a proton transfer tunneling in the double hydrogen bond. The proton tunneling was predicted by several theoretical groups. Using IR‐high resolution it was possible to yield very precise values for the tunneling splitting. The deduced proton transfer time is in the nanosecond regime. Recent theoretical studies are in very good agreement with the experimental data obtained by high resolution spectroscopy.
Electronic Spectroscopy in the Gas Phase
Authors: Pratt David W. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

A frequency‐doubled continuous wave (CW) ring dye laser, operating in the ultraviolet (UV), has been combined with a molecular beam machine and rapid data acquisition methods to obtain the electronic spectra of several large polyatomic molecules and their weakly bound complexes at unparalleled spectral resolution, approaching one part in 10
9
. Thus revealed for the first time are the underlying molecular eigenstates of isolated molecules, which provide unique information about their structures and dynamical behavior in both ground and excited electronic states. Light‐induced changes in the electronic charge distributions of different electronic states, with or without the attached solvent molecules, are revealed by studies of these spectra in applied electric fields (the Stark effect). Potential applications of the method to small biological molecules are discussed.
Group Theory for High‐resolution Spectroscopy of Nonrigid Molecules
Authors: Schnell Melanie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNonrigid molecules are an important molecule class and very intriguing to study. Already small molecules such as ammonia or Na3are known to be nonrigid. With increasing size, however, several large‐amplitude motions are possible in a molecule, which can even interact with one other. The molecular high‐resolution spectra of nonrigid molecules are known to be quite complicated and very rich in information. Details about the molecule and its internal dynamics, such as the molecular structure, the character of the chemical bonds as well as the barrier heights to internal rotation and their dependence on the chemical bonds can be extracted. However, because of the nonrigidity of the molecule and the complexity of such spectra, their analysis is usually quite challenging. Theoretical methods are needed for their prediction and analysis. This article concentrates on permutation‐inversion group theory and its usefulness in the analysis of high‐resolution spectra of nonrigid molecules, which is examined in more detail using different examples.
Attosecond Spectroscopy
Authors: Wörner Hans Jakob , Corkum Paul B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAttosecond science unifies concepts originating from optical and collision physics and provides new methods to investigate the dynamics of matter on the fundamental timescale of electronic motion. The extreme time resolution arises in combination with angström spatial resolution, enabling imaging of ultrafast molecular processes.We review the foundations and experimental applications of attosecond technology. It relies on a strong laser field that ionizes an atom or a molecule. The electron is accelerated in the laser field and may recollide with the parent ion. This recollision can lead to the emission of attosecond pulses in the vacuum‐ultraviolet to soft‐X‐ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum.We describe how attosecond pulses are generated, characterized, and applied to the investigation of ultrafast dynamics of matter. One class of experiments uses the attosecond photons as pump or probe pulse to observe electronic dynamics. Another class uses the recolliding electrons to image nuclear dynamics, electronic structure, and electronic dynamics that were initiated by the ionization.Prospects for the future of attosecond spectroscopy are presented.