bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for diabetes distress and depression in routine clinical care for youth with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Albright Dana , Wardell Joseph , Harrison Annalise , Mizokami-Stout Kara , Hirschfeld Emily , Garrity Ashley , Thomas Inas , Lee Joyce 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study is to examine diabetes distress as a potential mediator of the relationship between depression symptoms and diabetes outcomes, including hemoglobin A1c (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]) and diabetes management behaviors in a clinical sample of adolescents and young adults.

Methods
In a pediatric diabetes clinic, 716 youth (ages 12–21 years) completed measures of diabetes distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes-Teen [PAID-T]), a single-item of diabetes distress, and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]) as part of standard care. Electronic health records were extracted for the “Six Habits” and glycemic management (HbA1c).

Results
Overall, 3.6% (n = 26) of adolescents had clinically elevated diabetes distress and depression symptoms, 5.0% had diabetes distress alone, 8.7% had depression symptoms alone, and 82.7% had neither clinical elevation of diabetes distress nor depression symptoms. Results of mediation analysis demonstrated diabetes distress (both full and single-item measures) fully mediated the relationship between depression symptoms and HbA1c (p &lt; .001). Also, mediation analysis results showcase incomplete mediation of the effect of the Six Habits score on HbA1c appears by PAID-T Diabetes Distress.

Conclusions
In a clinical sample of youth with type 1 diabetes, both depressive symptoms and diabetes distress are associated with HbA1c. Furthermore, diabetes distress fully mediates the relationship between depressive symptoms and HbA1c. As part of standard clinical care, the single-item screener for diabetes distress captured similar results as the full-scaled PAID-T. With limited clinical resources, providers may consider focusing assessment and interventions on the psychological factor of diabetes distress within the diabetes clinic to maximize the impact on glycemic control and consider the use of single-item screening to identify distress.
When a gastrostomy tube goes missing, acute bowel obstruction due to a migrated Foley catheter
Authors: Molina Gabriel A , Ludeña Carolina , Arcia Alberto C , Parrales Diana E , Heredia Andrea E , Nuñez Karen D , Narvaez Nicole Berenice 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A gastrostomy is a common procedure for patients with swallowing problems or inability to maintain regular oral nutrition. These gastrostomy tubes need special attention, as complications can occur if the tubes are left unattended. In rare scenarios, these tubes can migrate and cause severe life-threatening difficulties such as bowel obstruction and pancreatitis. We present the case of a 76-year-old quadriplegic woman who had a gastrostomy tube. Suddenly, the tube was missing, and after urgent medical care, the gastrostomy tube was found within her bowel. After successful surgery, she recovered from this incident.
Exploring a rare case of juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma in the ethmoid: a case study and review
Authors: Aaboudech Taha Yassine , El Ouazzani Hafsa , Kadiri Habiba , Essakalli Leila , Bouteyine Ayoub , Benadbdenbi Hanae , Rguieg Naji , Cherradi Nadia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) and its variants, including juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (JPOF), represent rare yet clinically significant benign fibro-osseous lesions that primarily occur in children and young adolescents. They can be found in diverse anatomical sites such as the jaw, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and orbit. JOF exhibits an aggressive nature, necessitating early radiological detection and surgical intervention. Similarly, JPOF, with a locally malignant potential, requires surgical removal, typically conducted through endoscopic approaches. We report a case of a 5-year-old girl with JPOF arising in the ethmoid, revealed by recurrent epistaxis and proptosis. The text emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis through histopathology as a diagnostic tool and underscores the need for appropriate management.
Characterizing the Thymic Epithelial Cell Network Structure by Fluorescence Whole Slide Scanning and 3D SEM Array Tomography
Authors: Gunther-Cummins Leslie , Lagou Maria K , Guzik Hillary , DesMarais Sophia , Karagiannis George S , DesMarais Vera , Macaluso Frank P 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop an imaging approach to assess the integrity of the thymic epithelium in preclinical mouse models. The thymus is the most sensitive organ to cytoreductive treatments, and it rapidly involutes after chemotherapy insult in pediatric cancer patients. By using automated fluorescent whole slide scanning and complementary 3D SEM array tomography, we were able to visualize the biological structure of the thymic epithelial cell (TEC) network, analyze branching of this network, and obtain a more complete three-dimensional morphological structure of the cortical thymic epithelial cell (cTEC) compartment. The establishment of this imaging method will allow researchers to move forward in comparing the integrity of the cTEC in different conditions, such as different treatment conditions, for example, chemotherapy and irradiation, as well as different ages.
New insights on the dynamics of satellite galaxies: Effects of the figure rotation of a host galaxy
Authors: Sato Genta , Chiba Masashi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We investigate a mechanism to form and keep a planar spatial distribution of satellite galaxies in the Milky Way (MW), which is called the satellite plane. It has been pointed out that the ΛCDM cosmological model hardly explains the existence of such a satellite plane, so it is regarded as one of the serious problems in the current cosmology. We here focus on a rotation of the gravitational potential of a host galaxy, i.e., a so-called figure rotation, following the previous suggestion that this effect can induce the tilt of a so-called tube orbit. Our calculation shows that a figure rotation of a triaxial potential forms a stable orbital plane perpendicular to the rotational axis of the potential. Thus, it is suggested that the MW’s dark halo is rotating with its axis being around the normal line of the satellite plane. Additionally, we find that a small velocity dispersion of satellites is required to keep the flatness of the planar structure, namely the standard derivation of their velocities perpendicular to the satellite plane needs to be smaller than their mean rotational velocity on the plane. Although not all the MW’s satellites satisfy this condition, a fraction of them, called member satellites, which are prominently on the plane, do satisfy it. We suggest that this picture explaining the observed satellite plane can be achieved by the filamentary accretion of dark matter associated with the formation of the MW and a group infall of member satellites along this cosmic filament.
A Journey of Innovation: 40 years of Pioneering Medical Education at the Aga Khan University Medical College in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Vaqar Maham , Tariq Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Rizwan , Khan Sadaf , Riaz Qamar , Mahmood Sana , Ali Natasha , Haider Adil H 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article presents an overview of Aga Khan University’s (AKU) pioneering medical education initiatives over the past 40 years, exploring its impact on healthcare in the region and its commitment to advancing medical education and research in the developing world. Established in 1983 as the first private university in Pakistan, AKU has evolved into a global institution with a focus on improving healthcare standards and addressing healthcare needs in the developing world. The article also discusses the undergraduate and postgraduate medical education programs at AKU Medical College, Pakistan, highlighting their unique features and pioneering approaches to medical education. The institution’s journey highlights its ability to adapt to the evolving healthcare landscape while maintaining a focus on quality and excellence, offering a model for other institutions striving to meet healthcare needs in low- and middle-income countries.
Commuting Probability for Approximate Subgroups of a Finite Group
Authors: Detomi Eloisa , Morigi Marta , Shumyatsky Pavel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
For subsets $X,Y$ of a finite group G, we write $\mathrm{Pr} (X,Y)$ for the probability that two random elements $x\in X$ and $y\in Y$ commute. This paper addresses the relation between the structure of an approximate subgroup $A\subseteq G$ and the probabilities $\mathrm{Pr} (A,G)$ and $\mathrm{Pr} (A,A)$. The following results are obtained.
Theorem 1.1: Let A be a K-approximate subgroup of a finite group G, and let $\mathrm{Pr} (A,G)\geq\epsilon\gt0$. There are two $(\epsilon, K)$-bounded positive numbers γ and K0 such that G contains a normal subgroup T and a K0-approximate subgroup B such that $|A\cap B|\ge \gamma\; {\mathrm{max}}\{|A|,|B|\}$ while the index $[G:T]$ and the order of the commutator subgroup $[T,\langle B \rangle]$ are $(\epsilon, K)$-bounded.
Theorem 1.2: Let A be a K-approximate subgroup of a finite group G, and let $\mathrm{Pr} (A,A)\geq\epsilon\gt0$. There are two $(\epsilon, K)$-bounded positive numbers γ and s and a subgroup $C\leq G$ such that $|C \cap A^2| \gt \gamma |A|$ and $|C^{\prime}|\leq s$. In particular, A is contained in the union of at most $\gamma^{-1}K^2$ left cosets of the subgroup C.
It is also shown that the above results admit approximate converses.
The verification of periodicity with the use of recurrent neural networks
Authors: Miller N , Lucas P W , Sun Y , Guo Z , Cooper W J , Morris C 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The ability to automatically and robustly self-verify periodicity present in time-series astronomical data is becoming more important as data sets rapidly increase in size. The age of large astronomical surveys has rendered manual inspection of time-series data less practical. Previous efforts in generating a false alarm probability to verify the periodicity of stars have been aimed towards the analysis of a constructed periodogram. However, these methods feature correlations with features that do not pertain to periodicity, such as light-curve shape, slow trends, and stochastic variability. The common assumption that photometric errors are Gaussian and well determined is also a limitation of analytic methods. We present a novel machine learning based technique which directly analyses the phase-folded light curve for its false alarm probability. We show that the results of this method are largely insensitive to the shape of the light curve, and we establish minimum values for the number of data points and the amplitude to noise ratio.
Cosmic-ray exposure assessment using particle and heavy ion transport code system: case study Douala-Cameroon
Authors: Didier Takoukam Soh Serge , Joel Guembou Shouop Cebastien , Saïdou  , Samuel Bineng Guillaume , Maurice Ndontchueng Moyo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
According to UNSCEAR, cosmic radiation contributes to ~16% (0.39 mSv/y) of the total dose received by the public at sea level. The exposure to cosmic rays at a specific location is therefore a non-negligible parameter that contributes to the assessment of the overall public exposure to radiation. In this study, simulations were conducted with the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, a Monte Carlo code, to determine the fluxes and effective dose due to cosmic rays received by the population of Douala. In minimum solar activity, the total effective dose considering the contribution of neutron, muon+, muon-, electron, positron and photon, was found to be 0.31 ± 0.02 mSv/y at the ground level. For maximum solar activity, it was found to be 0.27 ± 0.02 mSv/y at ground level. During maximum solar activity, galactic cosmic rays are reduced by solar flares and winds, resulting in an increase in the solar cosmic-ray component and a decrease in the galactic cosmic-ray component on Earth. This ultimately leads to a decrease in the total cosmic radiation on Earth. These results were found to be smaller than the UNSCEAR values, thus suggesting a good estimation for the population of Douala city located near the equatorial line. In fact, the cosmic radiation is more deflected at the equator than near the pole. Muons+ were found to be the main contributors to human exposure to cosmic radiation at ground level, with ~38% of the total effective dose due to cosmic exposure. However, electrons and positrons were found to be the less contributors to cosmic radiation exposure. As regards the obtained results, the population of Douala is not significantly exposed to cosmic radiation.
Effect of daridorexant on sleep architecture in patients with chronic insomnia disorder: a pooled post hoc analysis of two randomized phase 3 clinical studies
Authors: Di Marco Tobias , Djonlagic Ina , Dauvilliers Yves , Sadeghi Kolia , Little David , Datta Alexandre N , Hubbard Jeffrey , Hajak Göran , Krystal Andrew , Olivieri Antonio , Parrino Liborio , Puryear Corey B , Zammit Gary , Donoghue Jacob , Scammell Thomas E 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Post hoc analysis to evaluate the effect of daridorexant on sleep architecture in people with insomnia, focusing on features associated with hyperarousal.

Methods
We studied sleep architecture in adults with chronic insomnia disorder from two randomized phase 3 clinical studies (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03545191 and NCT03575104) investigating 3 months of daridorexant treatment (placebo, daridorexant 25 mg, daridorexant 50 mg). We analyzed sleep–wake transition probabilities, EEG spectra, and sleep spindle properties including density, dispersion, and slow oscillation phase coupling. The wake EEG similarity index (WESI) was determined using a machine learning algorithm analyzing the spectral profile of the EEG.

Results
At month 3, daridorexant 50 mg decreased wake-to-wake transition probabilities (p &lt; .05) and increased the probability of transitions from wake-to-N1 (p &lt; .05), N2 (p &lt; .05), and REM sleep (p &lt; .05), as well as from N1-to-N2 (p &lt; .05) compared to baseline and placebo. Daridorexant 50 mg decreased relative beta power during wake (p = .011) and N1 (p &lt; .001) compared to baseline and placebo. During the wake, relative alpha power decreased (p &lt; .001) and relative delta power increased (p &lt; .001) compared to placebo. Daridorexant did not alter EEG spectra bands in N2, N3, and REM stages or in sleep spindle activity. Daridorexant decreased the WESI score during wake compared to baseline (p = .004). Effects with 50 mg were consistent between months 1 and 3 and less pronounced with 25 mg.

Conclusions
Daridorexant reduced EEG features associated with hyperarousal as indicated by reduced wake-to-wake transition probabilities and enhanced spectral features associated with drowsiness and sleep during wake and N1.

Clinical Trials
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03545191: study to assess the efficacy and safety of ACT-541468 (daridorexant) in adult and elderly participants with insomnia disorder. URL: Study Details | study to assess the efficacy and safety of ACT-541468 (daridorexant) in adult and elderly participants with insomnia disorder | ClinicalTrials.gov ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03575104:
study to assess the efficacy and safety of ACT-541468 (daridorexant) in adult and elderly participants who experience difficulties sleeping. URL: study details | study to assess the efficacy and safety of ACT-541468 (daridorexant) in adult and elderly participants who experience difficulties sleeping | ClinicalTrials.gov
Economic assessment of using Bermudagrass stockpiling and annual cereal pasture to extend grazing in cow-calf operations
Authors: Sestak Jacob , Biermacher Jon T , Brorsen B Wade , Rogers James K 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) stockpiling and cool-season annual pastures can extend grazing seasons in cow-calf operations and reduce winter feeding costs, but less is known about how these practices interact and their effect on producer profitability. Data from a completely randomized-design experiment in South-Central Oklahoma were collected on three grazing systems for cows and calves: bermudagrass pasture (CONTROL), stockpiled bermudagrass and interseeded cool-season pasture (SPINT), and stockpiled bermudagrass plus cropland no-till seeded with a summer cover-crop followed by cool-season annuals (SPCROP). A mixed model was used to estimate the effects of grazing system on weaning weights, total hay, and total range cubes (crude protein [CP] = 30%) fed in each system. Enterprise budgeting was used to calculate the expected net return of each system. Weaning weight did not vary between systems (P = 0.6940), resulting in similar revenues. Relative to other treatments, the quantity of cubes fed in the CONTROL system were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.0001) while hay fed was significantly higher in the SPCROP system (P = 0.0036). Increased machinery costs, seed costs, and fertilization requirements in bermudagrass stockpiling, interseeding, and cropland production outweighed the cost savings associated with less feeding. Total costs were $446 ha−1 ($722 hd−1), $451 ha−1 ($732 hd−1), and $553 ha−1 ($895 ha−1) for the CONTROL, SPINT, and SPCROP systems, respectively. Overall, the CONTROL system was $3.13 ha−1 ($5.08 hd−1) and $98.91 ha−1 ($160.10 hd−1) more profitable than the SPINT and SPCROP systems.
Translating a motivational interviewing intervention for childhood cancer survivors into an eHealth tool: A user-centered design process
Authors: Ruiz Sienna , Ackermann Nicole , Maki Julia , Carcone April Idalski , Hudson Melissa M , Ehrhardt Matthew J , Cloakey Danielle , DuChateau Danielle , Griffith Stanford A , Johnson Allison , Phillips Aaron , Waters Erika A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Childhood cancer survivors have a higher risk of developing cardiomyopathy than members of the general population. Screening echocardiograms can facilitate early detection and treatment of cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, motivational interviewing can increase uptake of cardiac screening. However, such approaches are time- and resource-intensive, which limits their reach to the survivors who need them. We describe how we utilized a user-centered design process to translate an in-person motivational interviewing intervention into an eHealth tool to improve cardiac screening among childhood cancer survivors. We used an iterative, three-phase, user-centered design approach: (i) setting the stage (convening advisory boards and reviewing the original intervention), (ii) content programming and development (writing and programming intervention text and flow), and (iii) intervention testing (research team testing and cognitive interviews.) For cognitive interviews, participants were recruited via institutional participant registries and medical records. Data were analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis. During Phase 1, we identified survivor and provider advisors and outlined elements of the in-person intervention to change for the eHealth tool. During Phases 2 and 3, advisors recommended several modifications that guided the final intervention content and flow. Examples include: acknowledging potential hesitation or apprehension surrounding medical screenings, addressing barriers and facilitators to obtaining screening, and improving the tool’s usability and appeal. In Phase 3, cognitive interview participants suggested additional refinements to the intervention language. This translation process shows that continued in-depth engagement of community advisors and iterative testing can improve the applicability of an eHealth to survivors’ lived experiences and social contexts.
Comparative safety, pharmacokinetics, and off-target assessment of 1,1-bis(3′-indolyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl) methane in mouse and dog: implications for therapeutic development
Authors: Rocha Savannah M , Gustafson Daniel L , Safe Stephen , Tjalkens Ronald B 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The modified phytochemical derivative, 1,1-bis(3′-indolyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl) methane (C-DIM12), has been identified as a potential therapeutic platform based on its capacity to improve disease outcomes in models of neurodegeneration and cancer. However, comprehensive safety studies investigating pathology and off-target binding have not been conducted. To address this, we administered C-DIM12 orogastrically to outbred male CD-1 mice for 7 days (50 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 300 mg/kg/day) and investigated changes in hematology, clinical chemistry, and whole-body tissue pathology. We also delivered a single dose of C-DIM12 (1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 1,000 mg/kg) orogastrically to male and female beagle dogs and investigated hematology and clinical chemistry, as well as plasma pharmacokinetics over 48-h. Consecutive in-vitro off-target binding through inhibition was performed with 10 μM C-DIM12 against 68 targets in tandem with predictive off-target structural binding capacity. These data show that the highest dose C-DIM12 administered in each species caused modest liver pathology in mouse and dog, whereas lower doses were unremarkable. Off-target screening and predictive modeling of C-DIM12 show inhibition of serine/threonine kinases, calcium signaling, G-protein coupled receptors, extracellular matrix degradation, and vascular and transcriptional regulation pathways. Collectively, these data demonstrate that low doses of C-DIM12 do not induce pathology and are capable of modulating targets relevant to neurodegeneration and cancer.
Genomic and phylogenetic features of the Picobirnaviridae suggest microbial rather than animal hosts
Authors: Sadiq Sabrina , Holmes Edward C , Mahar Jackie E 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The RNA virus family Picobirnaviridae has traditionally been associated with the gastrointestinal systems of terrestrial mammals and birds, with the majority of viruses detected in animal stool samples. Metatranscriptomic studies of vertebrates, invertebrates, microbial communities, and environmental samples have resulted in an enormous expansion of the genomic and phylogenetic diversity of this family. Yet picobirnaviruses remain poorly classified, with only one genus and three species formally ratified by the International Committee of Virus Taxonomy. Additionally, an inability to culture picobirnaviruses in a laboratory setting or isolate them in animal tissue samples, combined with the presence of bacterial genetic motifs in their genomes, suggests that these viruses may represent RNA bacteriophage rather than being associated with animal infection. Utilising a data set of 2,286 picobirnaviruses sourced from mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, invertebrates, microbial communities, and environmental samples, we identified seven consistent phylogenetic clusters likely representing Picobirnavirus genera that we tentatively name ‘Alpha-’, ‘Beta-’, ‘Gamma-’, ‘Delta-’, ‘Epsilon-’, ‘Zeta-’, and ‘Etapicobirnavirus’. A statistical analysis of topological congruence between virus–host phylogenies revealed more frequent cross-species transmission than any other RNA virus family. In addition, bacterial ribosomal binding site motifs were more enriched in Picobirnavirus genomes than in the two groups of established RNA bacteriophage—the Leviviricetes and Cystoviridae. Overall, our findings support the hypothesis that the Picobirnaviridae have bacterial hosts and provide a lower-level taxonomic classification for this highly diverse and ubiquitous family of RNA viruses.