bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postpartum Discharge Preferences of Pediatricians: Results From a National Survey
Authors: Britton John R. , Baker Alison , Spino Cathie , Bernstein Henry H. 
Published: July 2011

Objective. To identify practice/physician characteristics that influence pediatricians’ self-reported newborn discharge practices.Methods. Of the pediatricians randomly surveyed through a national American Academy of Pediatrics periodic survey conducted in 2000, 490 were identified as routinely providing care for newborns in the nursery. These respondents rated the importance of 22 infant, maternal, and peripartum factors in determining readiness for nursery discharge on a 5-point Likert scale and reported their perceptions of optimal and minimal lengths of stay (LOS) for healthy term newborns. Importance of readiness factors was dichotomized as “high” (very important or important) versus “low” (neither, unimportant, or very unimportant). Relationships between pediatricians’ responses and demographic information were explored using multivariate logistic regression.Results. Most pediatricians (at least 81%) rated all 7 infant clinical factors (eg, stable, normal vital signs, successful feeding) as highly important determinants of discharge readiness. Women were 2 to 3 times more likely to rate maternal and peripartum factors such as maternal fatigue and stress, demonstration of maternal skills, breastfeeding knowledge or experience, adequacy of social support, maternal age &lt;18 years, and low income/lack of financial resources as highly important. With respect to hospital LOS, women were twice as likely to identify an optimal LOS as &gt;36 hours and a minimal LOS as &gt;24 hours. Pediatricians in group settings were 3 times as likely as those in solo or 2-physician practices to advocate an optimal LOS &gt;36 hours, and those with a high proportion of publicly insured or uninsured patients were less likely to identify an optimal LOS as &gt;36 hours (odds ratio: 0.53).Conclusions. Female pediatricians report a more biopsychosocial approach to determining discharge readiness than their male counterparts, taking into account infant characteristics, maternal skills, and socioemotional issues that may affect the mother-infant pair’s adjustment at home. The finding that those who provide care for the most financially vulnerable patients do not see the need for longer LOS is both surprising and of concern. The results support the need for a prospective critical examination of perinatal hospital discharge practices, such as the Pediatric Research in Office Settings Life Around Newborn Discharge Study.
School children systolic and diastolic blood pressure values: YUSAD study
Authors: Milincic Zeljka , Nikolic Dejan , Simeunovic Slavko , Novakovic Ivana , Petronic Ivana , Risimic Dijana , Simeunovic Dejan 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure values over five and ten years separately boys and girls and to estimate correlation between them. Three age groups from 8 centers in Serbia were evaluated: Group 1: 10 year old patients, Group 2: 15 year old and Group 3: 20 year old. Group with normal blood pressure values, prehypertensive and hypertensive group were analyzed. Regarding the period of follow-up we analyzed: 10/15 years period-children between 10 and 15 years, 15/20 years period-children between 15 and 20 years, and 10/20 years period-children between 10 and 20 years. Significant increase of diastolic blood pressure was noticed for both genders in 10/15 years period of prehypertensive population, while in hypertensive children, boys showed decline in frequency for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and girls only for diastolic. In 15/20 years period there was significant decrease of prehypertensive and significant increase of hypertensive diastolic blood pressure frequency. In 10/20 years period significant reduction in frequency of prehypertensive systolic blood pressure was noticed, while only hypertensive group of boys showed significant reduction regarding systolic blood pressure frequency. Prehypertensive diastolic and hypertensive systolic blood pressure fluctuations are more related to age.
Immune Modulation by Zoledronic Acid in Human Myeloma: An Advantageous Cross-Talk between Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells, αβ CD8+ T Cells, Regulatory T Cells, and Dendritic Cells
Authors: Castella Barbara , Riganti Chiara , Fiore Francesca , Pantaleoni Francesca , Canepari Maria Elisa , Peola Silvia , Foglietta Myriam , Palumbo Antonio , Bosia Amalia , Coscia Marta , Boccadoro Mario , Massaia Massimo 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells play a major role as effector cells of innate immune responses against microbes, stressed cells, and tumor cells. They constitute &lt;5% of PBLs but can be expanded by zoledronic acid (ZA)-treated monocytes or dendritic cells (DC). Much less is known about their ability to act as cellular adjuvants bridging innate and adaptive immunity, especially in patients with cancer. We have addressed this issue in multiple myeloma (MM), a prototypic disease with several immune dysfunctions that also affect γδ T cells and DC. ZA-treated MM DC were highly effective in activating autologous γδ T cells, even in patients refractory to stimulation with ZA-treated monocytes. ZA inhibited the mevalonate pathway of MM DC and induced the intracellular accumulation and release into the supernatant of isopentenyl pyrophosphate, a selective γδ T cell activator, in sufficient amounts to induce the proliferation of γδ T cells. Immune responses against the tumor-associated Ag survivin (SRV) by MHC-restricted, SRV-specific CD8+ αβ T cells were amplified by the concurrent activation of γδ T cells driven by autologous DC copulsed with ZA and SRV-derived peptides. Ancillary to the isopentenyl pyrophosphate-induced γδ T cell proliferation was the mevalonate-independent ZA ability to directly antagonize regulatory T cells and downregulate PD-L2 expression on the DC cell surface. In conclusion, ZA has multiple immune modulatory activities that allow MM DC to effectively handle the concurrent activation of γδ T cells and MHC-restricted CD8+ αβ antitumor effector T cells.
Requirement of UNC93B1 Reveals a Critical Role for TLR7 in Host Resistance to Primary Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Caetano Braulia C. , Carmo Bianca B. , Melo Mariane B. , Cerny Anna , dos Santos Sara L. , Bartholomeu Daniella C. , Golenbock Douglas T. , Gazzinelli Ricardo T. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
UNC93B1 associates with TLR3, 7, and 9, mediating their translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endolysosome, thus allowing proper activation by microbial nucleic acids. We found that the triple-deficient 3d mice, which lack functional UNC93B1 as well as functional endosomal TLRs, are highly susceptible to infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. The enhanced parasitemia and mortality in 3d animals were associated with impaired proinflammatory response, including reduced levels of IL-12p40 and IFN-γ. Importantly, the phenotype of 3d mice was intermediary between MyD88−/− (highly susceptible) and TLR9−/− (moderately susceptible), indicating the involvement of an additional UN93B1-dependent TLR(s) on host resistance to T. cruzi. Hence, our experiments also revealed that TLR7 is a critical innate immune receptor involved in recognition of parasite RNA, induction of IL-12p40 by dendritic cells, and consequent IFN-γ by T lymphocytes. Furthermore, we show that upon T. cruzi infection, triple TLR3/7/9−/− mice had similar phenotype than 3d mice. These data imply that the nucleic acid-sensing TLRs are critical determinants of host resistance to primary infection with T. cruzi.
TCR-Independent Killing of B Cell Malignancies by Anti–Third-Party CTLs: The Critical Role of MHC–CD8 Engagement
Authors: Lask Assaf , Goichberg Polina , Cohen Adva , Goren-Arbel Rinat , Milstein Oren , Aviner Shraga , Feine Ilan , Ophir Eran , Reich-Zeliger Shlomit , Hagin David , Klein Tirza , Nagler Arnon , Berrebi Alain , Reisner Yair 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We previously demonstrated that anti–third-party CTLs (stimulated under IL-2 deprivation against cells with an MHC class I [MHC-I] background different from that of the host and the donor) are depleted of graft-versus-host reactivity and can eradicate B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro or in an HU/SCID mouse model. We demonstrated in the current study that human allogeneic or autologous anti–third-party CTLs can also efficiently eradicate primary non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma by inducing slow apoptosis of the pathological cells. Using MHC-I mutant cell line as target cells, which are unrecognizable by the CTL TCR, we demonstrated directly that this killing is TCR independent. Strikingly, this unique TCR-independent killing is induced through lymphoma MHC-I engagement. We further showed that this killing mechanism begins with durable conjugate formation between the CTLs and the tumor cells, through rapid binding of tumor ICAM-1 to the CTL LFA-1 molecule. This conjugation is followed by a slower second step of MHC-I–dependent apoptosis, requiring the binding of the MHC-I α2/3 C region on tumor cells to the CTL CD8 molecule for killing to ensue. By comparing CTL-mediated killing of Daudi lymphoma cells (lacking surface MHC-I expression) to Daudi cells with reconstituted surface MHC-I, we demonstrated directly for the first time to our knowledge, in vitro and in vivo, a novel role for MHC-I in the induction of lymphoma cell apoptosis by CTLs. Additionally, by using different knockout and transgenic strains, we further showed that mouse anti–third-party CTLs also kill lymphoma cells using similar unique TCR-independence mechanism as human CTLs, while sparing normal naive B cells.
IL-7 Dysregulation and Loss of CD8+ T Cell Homeostasis in the Monogenic Human Disease Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy–Candidiasis–Ectodermal Dystrophy
Authors: Laakso Sini M. , Kekäläinen Eliisa , Rossi Laura H. , Laurinolli Tuisku-Tuulia , Mannerström Helga , Heikkilä Nelli , Lehtoviita Anni , Perheentupa Jaakko , Jarva Hanna , Arstila T. Petteri 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a monogenic autoimmune disease that is caused by mutations in the AIRE gene. Murine studies have linked AIRE to thymocyte selection and peripheral deletional tolerance, but the pathogenesis of the human disease remains unclear. In this study, we show that APECED patients have elevated IL-7 levels and a drastically decreased expression of IL-7R on CD8+ T cells. This is associated with increased proliferation and a decreased expression of the negative TCR regulator CD5 in the CD45RO− subset. The CD45RO− cells also display oligoclonal expansions, decreased expression of the lymph node homing factors CCR7 and CD62L, and increased expression of perforin, consistent with the accumulation of highly differentiated effector cells. The CD45RO−CCR7+CD8+ population of cells with markers characteristic of naive phenotype is also skewed, as shown by decreased expression of CD5 and increased expression of perforin. The putative CD31+ recent thymic emigrant population is likewise affected. These data are consistent with IL-7 dysregulation inducing a decreased threshold of TCR signaling and self-antigen–driven proliferation, probably in synergy with the failed thymic selection. The resultant loss of CD8+ T cell homeostasis is likely to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of APECED. Our findings may also hold lessons for other diseases in which the IL-7–IL-7R pathway has emerged as a risk factor.
Dimensões “escondidas” na escrita de artigos acadêmicos
Authors: Street Brian 
Published: July 2011

Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever o desenvolvimento de um conjunto de conceitos funcionais que permitam a professores e alunos abordar questões relativas à escrita de artigos acadêmicos. Para tanto, baseia-se nas recentes contribuições teóricas das áreas denominadas Escrita no âmbito das Disciplinas (Writing in the Disciplines, WiD), Estudos dos Gêneros (Genre Studies) e Letramentos Acadêmicos (Academic Literacies), e considera se e como tal teoria pode ser adaptada à prática. Enquanto os modelos dominantes de ensino de produção textual (ESP; ESL) tendem a enfatizar o uso de listas padronizadas de itens a serem seguidos, geralmente em relação à estrutura do texto acadêmico (por exemplo, introdução; referencial teórico; métodos; dados), a abordagem aqui proposta concentra-se nas dimensões escondidas que são observadas nas avaliações da escrita acadêmica, embora muitas vezes permaneçam implícitas. O artigo descreve a criação, durante uma disciplina sobre letramento na Faculdade de Educação (Graduate School of Education, GSE) da Universidade da Pensilvânia, de uma tabela com termos para explicar claramente os critérios de avaliação e revisão de artigos acadêmicos. O primeiro passo foi aplicar essa tabela aos capítulos de um livro editado, especificamente nas introduções, em que foi utilizada a seguinte tipologia: “vinheta1, depoimentos pessoais, declarações universais”. Em seguida, os termos presentes na tabela relativa a dimensões escondidas serviram de base para analisar as versões preliminares das tarefas dos alunos da disciplina. Ao final, o artigo apresenta algumas respostas dadas pelos alunos e as implicações do uso de aplicações mais amplas no apoio à escrita acadêmica.
Letramento acadêmico e a construção de sentido nas leituras de um gênero
Authors: Fischer Adriana , Pelandré Nilcéa Lemos 
Published: July 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar como as diferentes formas de leitura situada de um gênero contribuem para que alunos se assumam insiders em contexto acadêmico. Os dados em análise foram coletados em 2005 e 2006, em um curso brasileiro de licenciatura, através de observações participantes e de entrevistas orais. Esses dados constituem parte dos eventos nomeados reflexivo-transformativos, incluindo leitura, produção e análise linguística do gênero discursivo crônica jornalística. Esses eventos também integram o modelo dialógico dos letramentos acadêmicos, que se reporta à construção de sentidos, à identidade, ao poder, à autoridade e à natureza institucional do que conta como conhecimento no contexto de um curso de Letras. Por se realizar um acompanhamento longitudinal do trabalho com leitura, discutem-se dados de duas alunas, relativos ao gênero crônica, em duas disciplinas acadêmicas. Os resultados comprovam que, para as alunas, são ferramentas de poder conhecer o funcionamento de um dado domínio social, no qual se insere o gênero destinado à leitura e à produção escrita,e desenvolver o metaconhecimento que o constitui, a fim de fazerem uso do letramento crítico e usarem os letramentos dominantes que dele fazem parte, na direção de se assumirem insiders no contexto acadêmico.
A career stage perspective on employees' preferred psychological contract contributions and inducements
Authors: Low Chin Heng , Bordia Prashant 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe employer–employee relationship is underpinned by a psychological contract, which refers to employee beliefs about the exchange of employee contributions and employer inducements. However, there is limited understanding of how employers can shape psychological contracts to meet employees' needs and aspirations. Meeting these needs starts with an understanding of employees' preferences for psychological contract contributions and inducements. We propose that career stage models can be used to achieve that understanding. Using the career stage models of Dalton, Thompson, and Price (1977) and Super (1957), we derive insights into the preferred contributions and inducements, respectively, at various points of an employee's career lifecycle. These insights will help organizations create desirable psychological contracts and retain valued employees.
A resource-based analysis of organizational turnaround: The contingency role of organizational life stages
Authors: Yeh Quey-Jen , Fang Pin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDrawing on the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm, this study proposes two levels of resource action: shedding resources and adding resources as the main two turnaround approaches. Since firms differ in the way they manage their resources over stages of organizational development, this study further analyzes the link between the RBV and organizational life-cycle model to investigate the contingency role of life stages in the turnaround context. The study sample consists of 72 Taiwan firms had ever experienced a successful turnaround. The results indicate that cost-cutting and investment in training and R&D, which represent respectively a shedding and an adding resource action, enable firms to turn around their deteriorating performance. The results also show that R&D investment is more effective for early-stage firms, while cost-cutting is more useful to firms in the late-stage.
Preparation and properties of poly(propylene carbonate maleate) microcapsules for controlled release of pazufloxacin mesilate
Authors: Liu Yanfei , Peng Dongming , Huang Kelong , Liu Suqin , Liu Zhenbao 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA novel biodegradable aliphatic polycarbonate, poly(propylene carbonate maleate) (PPCMA) was synthesized by terpolymerization of carbon dioxide, propylene oxide, and maleic anhydride (MA), using a polymer supported bimetallic complex as catalyst. The utility of PPCMA to encapsulate and control the release of drug pazufloxacin mesilate (PZFX), via microcapsules, was investigated. PPCMA microcapsules containing PZFX were elaborated by solvent evaporation method based on the formation of double W/O/W emulsion. The manufacturing parameters such as the volume ratio of V(PPCMA) : V(PZFX), the concentration of stabilizer gelatin in outer aqueous phase played major roles on microcapsule characters, and were altered to optimize the process parameters. The PPCMA‐PZFX microcapsules were obtained with smooth and spherical surface under optimum condition, the mean diameter of microcapsules was ∼ 2 μm, and the drug loading and drug encapsulation efficiency of the microcapsules were 22.9 ± 1.05% and 82.1 ± 2.03%, respectively. PZFX released from PPCMA microcapsules was found to reach 89.8 ± 2.89% after 36d in a pH 7.4 phosphate‐buffered solution, and the release profile obeyed the Higuchi equation. The results suggest that the new polymer PPCMA provides an alternative to degradable matrix polymers for long‐term sustained releasing drug delivery systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effects of acid hydrolysis on microstructure of cured urea‐formaldehyde resins using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Park Byung‐Dae , Jeong Ho‐Won 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of acid hydrolysis on the microstructure of cured urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resins using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to better understand its hydrolytic degradation process which has been known to be responsible for the formaldehyde emission of wood‐based composite panels. The AFM was scanned on both outer surface and facture surfaces of the thin films of cured UF resins that had been exposed to the etching of dilute hydrochloric acid to simulate their hydrolysis process. The AFM images showed two distinctive parts, which were classified as the hard and soft phases in cured UF resins. For the first time, this study reports the presence of thin filament‐like crystalline structures on the fracture surface of cured UF resin. The soft phase of cured UF resins by ammonium chloride was much more easily hydrolyzed than those cured by ammonium sulfate, indicating that hardener types had a great impact on the hydrolytic degradation behavior of cured UF resins. The surface roughness measurement results also supported this result. The results of this study suggested that the soft phase was much more susceptible to the hydrolysis of cured UF resin than the hard phase. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effects of γ‐aminopropyltriethoxylsilane on morphological characteristics of hybrid nylon‐66‐based membranes before electron beam irradiation
Authors: Leo C.P. , Linggawati A. , Mohammad A. W. , Ghazali Z. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNylon‐66 is a typical semicrystalline polymer that can be crosslinked using crosslinking agents and electron beam irradiation. Hybrid nylon‐66‐based membranes are more porous but denser compared to the pure nylon‐66 membrane. Besides that, hybrid nylon‐66 membranes exhibit higher water uptake and severe swelling in water. Si/nylon‐66 membranes were prepared by adding γ‐aminopropyltriethoxylsilane (APTEOS). Crosslinked silica in nylon‐66 membranes is confirmed with high gel content and Fourier transform infrared peaks, but XRD results showed that there is a low crystalline degree in these membranes. The thermal stability of hybrid nylon‐66 membranes is also less affected by APTEOS. The crosslinking agent only improves storage modulus in hybrid nylon‐66 membranes. After irradiation, it is learned that APTEOS improves separation performance of nylon‐66 membranes. However, excessive APTEOS causes the ratio of effective thickness over porosity (Δx/Ak) reduces significantly resulting a lower permeability membrane. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Density functional theory [B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p)] study of a new copolymer based on carbazole and (3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) in their aromatic and polaronic states
Authors: El Malki Z. , Bouzzine S. M. , Bejjit L. , Haddad M. , Hamidi M. , Bouachrine M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe report a theoretical study of a new copolymer based on (Carbazole and Ethylenedioxythiophene)n (n = 1–3) in their neutral and oxidized states, by using B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) calculations and thus deduce its optoelectronic properties. We discuss the influence of chain length of these properties. We also discuss the experimental UV‐Visible spectrum for (Polyvinylcarbazole‐Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)) (PVK‐PEDOT) copolymer powder for comparison. Conformational analysis shows that there are no big changes in the structural parameters of the oligomers in their neutral form. After oxidation the oligomers become more planar and show a quinoidal character. The electronic states of monomers (Cbz‐Edot) based Carbazole (Cbz) and Ethylenedioxythiophene (Edot), were elucidated by molecular orbital calculations using B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p). The HOMO, LUMO, and gap energies Eg were also deduced for the stable structure of the neutral, polaronic, and bipolaronic forms. Electronic transition energies and oscillator strengths of copolymers were obtained by the ZINDO, TD‐DFT, and CIS methods. Band gaps of the corresponding polymers were obtained by extrapolating oligomer gaps to infinite chain lengths. These results will be compared with the experimental values obtained by optical spectrum. The optoelectronic properties of the (Cbz‐Edot)3 led us to suggest that this oligomer is a good model to reflect those of the parent polymer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Characterization of in situ prepared nano‐hydroxyapatite/polyacrylic acid (HAp/PAAc) biocomposites
Authors: El‐Bahy G. S. , Abdelrazek E. M. , Allam M. A. , Hezma A. M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNanoparticles hydroxyapatite (HAp) was prepared via an in situ biomimetic process with polyacrylic acid (PAAc) as a host polymeric material. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to test the physical and chemical characteristics of biocomposites. The formation of HAp is confirmed by energy dispersion X‐ray analysis. Chemical binding between inorganic HAp and PAAc was investigated and discussed. HAp formation was initiated through the interaction of Ca2+ ions with the negative side groups of the polymer surface. The results showed that the biocomposites were formed with good homogeneity and thermal stability. Nanoparticles of HAp were uniformly distributed in the polymeric matrices. The resulting new materials are hoped to be applicable in the biomedical fields. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011