bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intradialytic cardiovascular injury is lowest in high-volume
haemodiafiltration: a randomized cross-over trial in four intermittent dialysis
strategies
Authors: Liu Peiyun , Rootjes Paul A , de Roij van Zuijdewijn Camiel L M , Hau Chi M , Nubé Menso J , Nieuwland Rienk , Wijngaarden Gertrude , Grooteman Muriel P C 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) and subsequent tissue damage may contribute to the poor outcome of chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients. While the IDH-incidence is lower in high-volume haemodiafiltration (HV-HDF) than in standard HD (S-HD), survival is better in HV-HDF. Tissue injury, as measured by extracellular vesicle (EV)-release, was compared between four modalities.

Methods
Forty chronic patients were cross-over randomized to S-HD, cool-HD (C-HD), low-volume HDF (LV-HDF), and HV-HDF. Blood pressure was recorded every 15 minutes. EVs from circulating blood-cell-elements (bio-incompatibility-related) and cardiovascular (CV) tissues (CV-related), were measured before and after dialysis. The influence of modalities and IDH on the rate of change of EVs was assessed. Both crude and haemoconcentration-adjusted analyses were performed.

Results
Leukocyte and erythrocyte-derived EVs increased in all modalities. Platelet-derived EVs increased more in LV-HDF and HV-HDF (68.4 respectively 56.1 × 106/ml) than in S-HD (27.5 × 106/ml), P values for interaction were &lt;.01 respectively .06. Endothelial-derived CD144+ (2.3 × 106/ml in HV-HDF and 9.8 × 106/ml in S-HD) and cardiomyocyte-derived Connexin-43+ (12.0 respectively 31.9 × 106/ml) EVs increased less in HV-HDF than in S-HD (P for interaction .03 respectively .06). Correction for haemoconcentration attenuated all changes, although the increase in platelet-derived EVs remained significant in LV-HDF and HV-HDF, and CD144+ and Connexin-43+ EVs increased most in S-HD. EV release was similar in patients with varying IDH susceptibility and in sessions with and without IDH.

Conclusions
Most EVs increase during HD and HDF. Regarding platelet-derived EVs, HDF appears less biocompatible than HD. Considering CV-related EVs, tissue injury seems less pronounced in HV-HDF. The finding that EV release is IDH-independent needs confirmation.
Left and right ventricular longitudinal systolic function following aortic valve replacement in the PARTNER 2 trial and registry
Authors: Silva Iria , Ternacle Julien , Hahn Rebecca T , Salah-Annabi Mohamed , Dahou Abdellaziz , Krapf Laura , Salaun Erwan , Guzzetti Ezequiel , Xu Ke , Clavel Marie-Annick , Bernier Mathieu , Beaudoin Jonathan , Cremer Paul C , Jaber Wael , Rodriguez Leonardo , Asch Federico M , Weismann Neil J , Bax Jeroen , Ajmone Nina , Alu Maria C , Kallel Faouzi , Mack Michael J , Webb John G , Kapadia Samir , Makkar Raj , Kodali Susheel , Herrmann Howard C , Thourani Vinod , Leon Martin B , Pibarot Philippe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
Evaluation of left and right ventricular (RV) longitudinal systolic function may enhance risk stratification following aortic valve replacement (AVR). The study objective was to evaluate the changes in left and RV longitudinal systolic function and RV–pulmonary artery (RV–PA) coupling from baseline to 30 days and 1 year after AVR.

Methods and results
Left ventricular (LV) longitudinal strain (LS), tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and RV–PA coupling were evaluated in patients from the PARTNER 2A surgical AVR (SAVR) arm (n = 985) and from the PARTNER 2 SAPIEN 3 registry (n = 719). TAPSE and RV–PA coupling decreased significantly following SAVR, but remained stable following TAVR. Lower LV LS, TAPSE, or RV–PA coupling at baseline was associated with increased risk of the composite of death, hospitalization, and stroke at 5 years [adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for LV LS &lt; 15%: 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.45, P = 0.001; TAPSE &lt; 14 mm: 1.44, 95% CI 1.21–1.73, P &lt; 0.001; RV–PA coupling &lt; 0.55 mm/mmHg: 1.32, 95% CI 1.07–1.63, P = 0.011]. Reduced TAPSE at baseline was the most powerful predictor of the composite endpoint at 5 years. Patients with LV ejection fraction &lt;50% at baseline had increased risk of the primary endpoint with SAVR (HR: 1.34, 95% CI 1.08–1.68, P = 0.009) but not with TAVR (HR: 1.12, 95% CI 0.88–1.42). Lower RV–PA coupling at 30 days showed the strongest association with cardiac mortality.

Conclusion
SAVR but not TAVR was associated with a marked deterioration in RV longitudinal systolic function and RV–PA coupling. Lower TAPSE and RV–PA coupling at 30 days were associated with inferior clinical outcomes at 5 years. In patients with LVEF &lt; 50%, TAVR was associated with superior 5-year outcomes.
The influence of breast screening on breast cancer incidence in England: observational study based on cancer registries and bulletins of the NHS Breast Screening Programme
Authors: Autier Philippe , Ould Ammar Romain , Bota Maria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
To assess the amount of breast cancer overdiagnosis associated with the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP) that started in 1988 in England.

Methods
First, numbers of breast cancers in women eligible for breast screening not attending screening were estimated for the period 1995–2019, which were extrapolated to all women. A second method was based on ratios of incidence rates of breast cancers in women aged 50–69 to women aged 70 years or more in 1971–1985. The ratio was used for estimating expected numbers of cancers in 1988–2019, and 1995–2019.

Results
From 1995 to 2019, 506,607 non-invasive and invasive breast cancers were diagnosed among women aged 50–64 years (1995–2001) and 50–70 years (2002–2019). A first method estimated that 95,297 cancers were in excess to the number of cancers that would be expected had the NHSBSP not existed. 42,567 screen-detected non-invasive and micro-invasive cancers represented 45.8% of the total excess cancer. 18.8% of all cancers diagnosed among women invited to screening, 25.1% of cancers found in women attending screening, and 35.1% of cancers detected by screening would represent overdiagnosis. A second method estimated that, 18.0% of all cancers diagnosed in 1988–2019, and 18.2% of all cancers diagnosed in 1995–2019 among women invited to screening would represent overdiagnosis.

Conclusion
The two independent methods obtained similar estimates of overdiagnosis. The NHS Breast Screening Programme in England is associated with substantial amount of overdiagnosis.
An integrative miRNA-mRNA expression analysis identifies miRNA signatures associated with SOD1 and TARDBP patient-derived motor neurons
Authors: Dash Banaja P , Freischmidt Axel , Weishaupt Jochen H , Hermann Andreas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a subset of small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules involved in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression of a variety of transcript targets. Therefore altered miRNA expression may result in the dysregulation of key genes and biological pathways that has been reported with the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is marked by a progressive degeneration of motor neurons (MNs) present in the spinal cord, brain stem and motor cortex. Although the pathomechanism underlying molecular interactions of ALS remains poorly understood, alterations in RNA metabolism, including dysregulation of miRNA expression in familial as well as sporadic forms are still scarcely studied. In this study, we performed combined transcriptomic data and miRNA profiling in MN samples of the same samples of iPSC-derived MNs from SOD1- and TARDBP (TDP-43 protein)-mutant-ALS patients and healthy controls. We report a global upregulation of mature miRNAs, and suggest that differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs have a significant impact on mRNA-level in SOD1-, but not in TARDBP-linked ALS. Furthermore, in SOD1-ALS we identified dysregulated miRNAs such as miR-124-3p, miR-19b-3p and miR-218 and their potential targets previously implicated in important functional process and pathogenic pathways underlying ALS. These miRNAs may play key roles in the neuronal development and cell survival related functions in SOD1-ALS. Altogether, we provide evidence of miRNA regulated genes expression mainly in SOD1 rather than TDP43-ALS.
Global Epidemiology and Geographic Variations of Pediatric-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990 to 2019
Authors: Wang Yichen , Pan Chun-Wei , Huang Yuting , Zheng Xin , Li Si , He Mingyue , Hashash Jana G , Farraye Francis A , Ehrlich Adam C 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
An increasing incidence of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has been reported in many countries. However, the global burden and distribution of this disease remain less understood. We aimed to examine the global epidemiology and trends of PIBD from 1990 to 2019.

Methods
Data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study, covering 204 countries, were analyzed. We assessed key measures like incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) using linear regression to calculate annual percentage changes and assess trends.

Results
Between 1990 and 2019, the PIBD incidence rate increased and the DALY rate and mortality rate declined. The incidence rate was notably elevated in the high Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, reaching 6.3 per 100 000 person-years, corresponding to 13 914 new cases in 2019. Incidence and prevalence of PIBD positively correlated with the SDI, while higher death and DALY burdens were observed in lower-SDI countries. In 2019, the top 5 countries with the highest PIBD incidence rates were Canada (19.9 per 100 000 population), Denmark (12.4 per 100 000 population), Hungary (8.5 per 100 000 population), Austria (8.1 per 100 000 population), and the United States (7.4 per 100 000 population). Several countries experienced significant increases in incidence rates from 1990 to 2019, led by Taiwan (annual percent change 4.2%), followed by China (2.8%), Japan (2.1%), Australia (1.8%), and Hungary (1.6%).

Discussion
PIBD incidence has significantly increased since 1990. High-SDI countries face higher incidence, while lower-SDI countries experience higher mortality and DALY burdens. The study underscores the need for ongoing monitoring and research to address this emerging public health issue.
Energy saving of rural buildings in Henan Province based on rural revitalization in China
Authors: Wang Fang , Cheng Xiaoqian , Zhu Caixia , Liu Xianfei , Zhang Yichi , Pang Dongqing , Liu Mengwei , Du Weifeng , Guo Wenliang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Based on rural revitalization in China, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats model combined with the politics, economy, society and technology model (SWOT-PEST) has been used to comprehensively analyze the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats to the development of rural energy-efficient buildings in Henan Province based on national policies, the local economic development level, the social situation and technology. The results showed that rural energy-efficient buildings have both advantages and disadvantages at the levels of policy, the economy, society and technology, and that overall, rural energy-efficient building development is at an optimum time. On this basis, we proposed energy-saving countermeasures to execute the primary responsibilities of local party committees and governments, enhance innovation in energy-saving technologies and improve the affordability of energy-efficient buildings. These are the three ways to encourage the effective establishment of rural energy-efficient buildings. This study provides references for promoting rural energy transformation and energy-saving policy reform in developing countries.
Recognizing the opportunity to directly de-label no-risk penicillin allergies in community pharmacy: a mystery shopper experience
Authors: Lim Angelina , Khumra Sharmila , Dalley Annika , Bubb Grace , Chien Jacqueline , Kong David C M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Incorrect labelling of a penicillin allergy can lead to unnecessary use of broad-spectrum, less effective, more harmful, or more costly antibiotics. Community pharmacists are well positioned to educate the public on penicillin allergies, prevent incorrect labelling persisting, and optimize prescribing of antibiotics. This study investigated community pharmacists’ capacity to recognize an opportunity to directly de-label a no-risk penicillin allergy.

Methods
A sequential explanatory mixed methods design using mystery shopping (quantitative) and postvisit reflections (qualitative). Mystery shoppers simulated a case of a previously dispensed prescription (involving nonimmune mediated intolerance ‘thrush’ as the reported allergy) that provided the opportunity for pharmacists to educate on incorrect penicillin allergy. The main outcomes were proportion of community pharmacists who ascertained the nature of the penicillin reaction, provided education on incorrect penicillin allergy labels and its consequences. Knowledge and practices regarding penicillin allergy were collected.

Key findings
Across two major states in Australia, 265 community pharmacists participated. Only 44.5% (118/265) of pharmacists asked about the nature of the reaction; of those, 91.52% (108/118) indicated that ‘thrush’ is not an allergic reaction. No pharmacists took the opportunity to educate on how an incorrect allergy label can impact antibiotic prescribing. Postvisit reflection data revealed five probable explanations for the observations viz. outdated knowledge, lack of knowledge, prioritizing management of adverse drug reaction (thrush), variations in duty of care and assumption of true allergy without an assessment.

Conclusion
Our findings underscore a concerning knowledge and practice gap among community pharmacists regarding penicillin allergy assessment which warrants more support and education in the community pharmacy sector.
Child Victims and the Punishment of UN Peacekeepers for Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
Authors: Comstock Audrey L 
Published: April 2024

Abstracts
A growing subset of peacekeeping literature focuses on explaining peacekeeper sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) of civilians within postconflict protection. However, what happens after the abuse has received limited attention. Most of the time, peacekeepers do not receive any type of punishment following abuse allegations. What explains why peacekeepers are punished for abuse allegations? I argue that the presence of child victims increases the chances that peacekeepers are punished. Two mechanisms are highlighted through which the presence of child victims increases the chance of punishment: (i) the increased moral and legal obligation of UN member states to protect children and (ii) the increased shaming and media focus on child victims, which heightens public focus. The empirical analyses of UN and Troop-Contributing Country punishment actions between 2007 and 2017 provide robust support for the argument that the presence of child victims increases peacekeeper punishment. This research builds on studies of SEA, peacekeeping dynamics, and victimhood.
Sweeping the dirt under the rug: measuring spillovers of an anti-corruption measure
Authors: Tulli Andrea 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article studies the spillover effects of an Italian anti-corruption measure targeting municipalities colluding with organized crime. We assess its impact on neighboring municipalities’ procurement practices. Our findings reveal that neighboring municipalities increase contracts falling below the 40,000 Euro threshold, which bear lighter evidentiary requirements, and are consequently harder to monitor. The neighboring municipalities strategically evade stricter regulations by fragmenting major projects into different sub-threshold contracts. Our analysis presents three evidence that this response stems from greater law enforcement monitoring. First, the number of arrests increases in the area after the implementation of the measure. Then, we demonstrate that the spillovers are more pronounced in areas with greater prior law enforcement activity. Lastly, we illustrate how neighboring municipalities react to the dissolution by reducing their engagement in activities that are more susceptible to monitoring. This is evident in their decreased participation in renegotiating public works contracts (JEL D730, H570, K420).
Financial hardship and neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage in long-term childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Fauer Alex J , Qiu Weiyu , Huang I-Chan , Ganz Patricia A , Casillas Jacqueline N , Yabroff K Robin , Armstrong Gregory T , Leisenring Wendy , Howell Rebecca , Howell Carrie R , Kirchhoff Anne C , Yasui Yutaka , Nathan Paul C 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Long-term survivors of childhood cancer face elevated risk for financial hardship. We evaluate whether childhood cancer survivors live in areas of greater deprivation and the association with self-reported financial hardships.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study between 1970 and 1999 and self-reported financial information from 2017 to 2019. We measured neighborhood deprivation with the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) based on current zip code. Financial hardship was measured with validated surveys that captured behavioral, material and financial sacrifice, and psychological hardship. Bivariate analyses described neighborhood differences between survivors and siblings. Generalized linear models estimated effect sizes between ADI and financial hardship adjusting for clinical factors and personal socioeconomic status.

Results
Analysis was restricted to 3475 long-term childhood cancer survivors and 923 sibling controls. Median ages at time of evaluation was 39 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 33-46 years and 47 years (IQR = 39-59 years), respectively. Survivors resided in areas with greater deprivation (ADI ≥ 50: 38.7% survivors vs 31.8% siblings; P &lt; .001). One quintile increases in deprivation were associated with small increases in behavioral (second quintile, P = .017) and psychological financial hardship (second quintile, P = .009; third quintile, P = .014). Lower psychological financial hardship was associated with individual factors including greater household income (≥$60 000 income, P &lt; .001) and being single (P = .048).

Conclusions
Childhood cancer survivors were more likely to live in areas with socioeconomic deprivation. Neighborhood-level disadvantage and personal socioeconomic circumstances should be evaluated when trying to assist childhood cancer survivors with financial hardships.
Creating Boundary Objects Supports Knowledge Co-development Processes: A Case Study Evaluation from the Colorado Front Range
Authors: Brown Hannah L C , Cheng Antony S , Clark Nehalem C , Slack Andrew W , Wolk Brett H 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This qualitative case study evaluates manager and researcher perceptions of the impact of a place-based, collaborative knowledge co-development process and examines the outcomes of that co-development for changes to management approaches. The USDA Forest Service (Forest Service) Rocky Mountain Research Station General Technical Report 373 (GTR-373) is a codeveloped science synthesis that functions as a boundary object providing a framework for planning, designing, and implementing management action for restoration of ponderosa and dry mixed-conifer forests. The process of creating and socializing the GTR-373 framework fostered continual knowledge exchange and engagement between researchers and managers across different organizations and levels of decision-making. This built trust in the information, improved justification for management action, developed a common foundation for cross-boundary implementation, and increased communication. The framework has been applied across jurisdictions and has been used as a foundational tool for training staff and designing projects. However, adapting the GTR-373 framework across scales remains challenging.
Study Implications: This qualitative case study evaluates a co-development process in which researchers and managers from multiple organizations and agencies collaborated to produce a science-informed restoration framework to support forest management on the Colorado Front Range (GTR-373). The process built trust, improved justification for management action, developed a common foundation for implementation, and increased communication. However, cross-boundary management across spatial scales remains challenging, and managers interpret information through organizational mandates and site-specific context. Sustained collaboration between researchers and land managers can help make science actionable and relevant at the appropriate scale for planning and management across expertise and jurisdictional boundaries.
Facilitation drives tree seedling survival at alpine treelines
Authors: Chen Wensheng , Li Jiangrong , Camarero Jesús Julio , Ding Huihui , Fu Fangwei , Li Yueyao , Zheng Xiangyu , Li Xiaoxia , Shen Wei , Sigdel Shalik Ram , Leavitt Steven W , Liang Eryuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Alpine treelines are considered ecological monitors recording the impacts of climate change on trees and forests. To date, most treeline research has focused on how climate change drives treeline dynamics. However, little is known about how biotic interactions mediate treeline shifts, particularly in the case of tree recruitment, a bottleneck of treeline dynamics. We hypothesized that inter- and intraspecific facilitation determined the establishment and survival of tree seedlings at alpine treelines. To test this hypothesis, 630 Abies georgei var. smithii seedlings with different ages (4–6, 7–9 and 10–15 years old) were transplanted into three growth habitats (canopy-in, canopy-out and meadow) across the alpine treeline ecotone (4300–4500 m) in the Sygera Mountains, on the southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Microclimate, height growth, mortality rates and leaf functional traits of transplanted seedlings were measured over 3 years. We found that the variations in leaf functional traits were driven by microclimate. After the transplantation, the leaf concentrations of soluble sugars and starch and C:P ratio increased, whereas leaf size decreased. The resource use of seedlings gradually shifted to a more conservative strategy as indicated by changes in non-structural carbohydrates and nutrient concentrations. Radiation, temperature and moisture conditions, mediated by plant interactions, influenced seedling mortality and annual growth by affecting leaf morphological traits. Our findings illustrate how facilitation plays a crucial role in altering solar radiation and leaf trait functioning, determining seedling survival and growth at alpine treelines. We provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms for tree establishment and alpine treeline shifts in response to climate change.