bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Structures, and Reactivities of Pincer‐Type Ruthenium Complexes Bearing Two Proton‐Responsive Pyrazole Arms
Authors: Yoshinari Akihiro , Tazawa Akira , Kuwata Shigeki , Ikariya Takao 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA new metal–ligand bifunctional, pincer‐type ruthenium complex [RuCl(L1‐H2)(PPh3)2]Cl (1; L1‐H2=2,6‐bis(5‐tert‐butyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine) featuring two proton‐delivering pyrazole arms has been synthesized. Complex 1, derived from [RuCl2(PPh3)3] with L1‐H2, underwent reversible deprotonation with potassium carbonate to afford the pyrazolato–pyrazole complex [RuCl(L1‐H)(PPh3)2] (2). Further deprotonation of 1 and 2 with potassium hexamethyldisilazide in methanol resulted in the formation of the bis(pyrazolato) complex [Ru(L1)(MeOH)(PPh3)2] (3). Complex 3 smoothly reacted with dioxygen and dinitrogen to give the side‐on peroxo complex [Ru(L1)(O2)(PPh3)2] (4) and end‐on dinitrogen complex [Ru(L1)(N2)(PPh3)2] (5), respectively. On the other hand, the reaction of [RuCl2(PPh3)3] with less hindered 2,6‐di(1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine (L3‐H2) led to the formation of the dinuclear complex [{RuCl2(PPh3)2}2(μ2‐L3‐H2)2] (6), in which the pyrazole‐based ligand adopted a tautomeric form different from L1‐H2 in 1 and the central pyridine remained uncoordinated. The detailed structures of 1, 2, 3, 3.MeOH, 4, 5, 6 were determined by X‐ray crystallography.
Dendronized Fullerene–Porphyrin Conjugates in ortho, meta, and para Positions: A Charge‐Transfer Assay
Authors: Krokos Evangelos , Schubert Christina , Spänig Fabian , Ruppert Michaela , Hirsch Andreas , Guldi Dirk M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe physicochemical characterization, that is, ground and excited state, of a new series of dendronized porphyrin/fullerene electron donor–acceptor conjugates in nonaqueous and aqueous environments is reported. In contrast to previous work, we detail the charge‐separation and charge‐recombination dynamics in zinc and copper metalloporphyrins as a function of first‐ and second‐generation dendrons as well as a function of ortho, meta, and para substitution. Both have an appreciable impact on the microenvironments of the redox‐active constituents, namely the porphyrins and the fullerenes. As a matter of fact, the resulting charge‐transfer dynamics were considerably impacted by the interplay between the associated forces that reach from dendron‐induced shielding to dipole–charge interactions.
Attribute‐based perceptual mapping using discriminant analysis in a public sector passenger bus transport company: A case study
Authors: Vetrivel Sezhian M. , Muralidharan C. , Nambirajan T. , Deshmukh S. G. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThis study aims at evaluating the customer expectations in a public sector passenger transport company, a crucial sector in developing countries like India. A questionnaire containing 18 quality characteristics was administered to various customers of three bus depots of one division of a state road transport undertaking in South India. Attribute‐based perceptual mapping using discriminant analysis was done to position the three depots and to identify their strengths and weaknesses. The findings would help prioritize different parameters and also provide guidelines for managers to focus on and to improve. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why the United States Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) should not extend reimbursement indications for carotid artery angioplasty/stenting
Authors: Abbott Anne L. , Adelman Mark A. A. , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Barnett Henry J. M. , Beard Jonathan , Bell Peter , Björck Martin , Blacker David , Buckley Clifford J. , Cambria Richard P. , Comerota Anthony J. , Connolly E. Sander , Davies Alun H. , Eckstein Hans‐Henning , Faruqi R. , Fraedrich Gustav , Gloviczki Peter , Hankey Graeme J. , Harbaugh Robert E. , Heldenberg E. , Kittner Steven J. , Kleinig Timothy J. , Mikhailidis Dimitri P. , Moore Wesley S. , Naylor R. , Nicolaides Andrew , Paraskevas Kosmas I. , Pelz David M. , Prichard James W. , Purdie Grant , Ricco Jean‐Baptiste , Riles Thomas , Rothwell Peter , Sandercock Peter , Sillesen Henrik , Spence J. David , Spinelli Francesco , Tan Aron , Thapar Ankur , Veith Frank J. , Zhou Wei 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn recent years, many important discoveries have been made to challenge current policy, guidelines, and practice regarding how best to prevent stroke associated with atherosclerotic stenosis of the origin of the internal carotid artery. The United States Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), for instance, is calling for expert advice as to whether its current policies should be modified. Using a thorough review of literature, 41 leading academic stroke‐prevention clinicians from the United States and other countries, have united to advise CMS not to extend current reimbursement indications for carotid angioplasty/stenting (CAS) to patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis or to patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis considered to be at ``low or standard risk from carotid endarterectomy (CEA).'' It was concluded that such expansion of reimbursement indications would have disastrous health and economic consequences for the United States and any other country that may follow such inappropriate action. This was an international effort because the experts to best advise CMS are relatively few and scattered around the world. In addition, US health policy, practice, and research have tended to have strong influences on other countries.
FIESTA: An MR arthrography celebration of shoulder joint anatomy, variants, and their mimics
Authors: Yu D. , Turmezei T.D. , Kerslake R.W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMagnetic resonance (MR) arthrography is currently the gold standard radiological investigation for shoulder joint instability. Not only does this investigation allow for identification of important disease processes, but the reduced slice thickness and increased in‐plane resolution allowed by the latest imaging sequences also gives excellent demonstration of shoulder joint internal anatomy. This article describes the technique of MR arthrography of the shoulder practiced at our institution, briefly outlining features of the FIESTA (fast imaging employing steady state acquisition) MR sequence employed, including its advantages and limitations. A pictorial review of shoulder MR arthrography performed with this technique is presented, concentrating on normal shoulder joint internal anatomy and anatomical variants that may mimic pathology. Clin. Anat., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacodynamic effects of adjunctive cilostazol therapy in patients with coronary artery disease on dual antiplatelet therapy: Impact of high on‐treatment platelet reactivity and diabetes mellitus status
Authors: Capranzano Piera , Ferreiro Jose Luis , Ueno Masafumi , Capodanno Davide , Dharmashankar Kodlipet , Darlington Andrew , Desai Bhaloo , Tello‐Montoliu Antonio , Rollini Fabiana , Angiolillo Dominick J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundIn patients on dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel, the adjunctive use of cilostazol is associated with enhanced platelet inhibition. However, if cilostazol exerts different pharmacodynamic (PD) effects according to levels of on‐treatment platelet reactivity remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the PD effects of cilostazol in patients with and without high on‐clopidogrel platelet reactivity (HPR) according to diabetes mellitus (DM) status.MethodsThis is a post‐hoc analysis derived from patients (n = 79) enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, crossover study comparing cilostazol with placebo in stable coronary artery disease patients on aspirin and clopidogrel therapy. In the present analysis, patients were divided according to the presence or absence of HPR (HPR and non‐HPR). HPR was defined as a P2Y12 units (PRU) > 240 as assessed by the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay. The PD effects of cilostazol were evaluated in patients with and without HPR according to DM status.ResultsSignificant absolute changes in PRU values were observed after adjunctive cilostazol in both HPR [53.4 (95% CI 24.7–82.1), P = 0.001] and non‐HPR [40.8 (95% CI 28.7–52.8), P < 0.0001] patients. This difference was statistically significant in HPR patients with DM (P = 0.001), but not without DM (P = 0.24), and in non‐HPR patients with and without DM (P = 0.0001 for both). The greatest mean reduction in PRU was observed in HPR patients with DM (72.9; 95% CI 33.7–112.0). Thrombin generation was not affected by cilostazol, irrespective of HPR status.ConclusionCilostazol reduces platelet reactivity both in HPR and non‐HPR patients, although these PD effects are enhanced in HPR patients with DM. Nevertheless, larger studies are needed to better evaluate possible differential effects of cilostazol on platelet reactivity by diabetes status. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The science behind percutaneous hemodynamic support: A review and comparison of support strategies
Authors: Burkhoff Daniel , Naidu Srihari S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPatients in a variety of cardiovascular disease states may benefit from temporary percutaneous cardiac support, including those in acute decompensated heart failure, fulminant myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction with or without cardiogenic shock and those undergoing high‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention. The ideal percutaneous cardiac support device is safe, easy to use and versatile enough to meet the needs of various clinical situations and patient cohorts. In addition, it should provide maximal hemodynamic support and protection against myocardial ischemia. With these goals in mind, the scientific principles that govern hemodynamic effectiveness and myocardial protection as they pertain to acute support devices are reviewed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
[2]Catenanes Built Around Octahedral Transition‐Metal Complexes that Contain Two Intertwined Endocyclic but Non‐sterically Hindering Tridentate Ligands
Authors: Ayme Jean‐François , Lux Jacques , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre , Sour Angélique 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSterically hindering bidentate chelates, such as 2,9‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline, form entwined complexes with copper(I) and other tetrahedrally coordinated transition‐metal centres. To prepare octahedral complexes containing two entwined tridentate ligands and thus apply a strategy similar to that used for making catenanes with tetrahedral metal centres, the use of the classical terpy ligand (terpy=2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine) appears to be attractive. In fact, 6,6′′‐diphenyl‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (dp‐terpy) is not appropriate due to strong “pinching” of the organic backbone by coordination to the metal and thus stable entwined complexes with this ligand cannot be obtained. Herein, we report the synthesis and coordination properties of a new family of tridentate ligands, the main features of which are their endocyclic nature and non‐sterically hindering character. The coordinating fragment consists of two 8′‐phenylisoquinolin‐3′‐yl groups attached at the 2 and 6 positions of a pyridine nucleus. Octahedral complexes containing two such entangled ligands around an octahedral metal centre, such as FeII, RuII or CoIII, are highly stable, with no steric congestion around the metal. By using functionalised ligands bearing terminal olefins, double ring‐closing metathesis leads to [2]catenanes in good yield with FeII or CoIII as the templating metal centre. The X‐ray crystallography structures of the FeII precursor and the FeII catenane are also reported. These show that although significant pinching of the ligand is observed in both FeII complexes, the system is very open and no steric constraints can be detected.
Ventilation and Respiratory Mechanics
Authors: Sheel Andrew William , Romer Lee M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDuring dynamic exercise, the healthy pulmonary system faces several major challenges, including decreases in mixed venous oxygen content and increases in mixed venous carbon dioxide. As such, the ventilatory demand is increased, while the rising cardiac output means that blood will have considerably less time in the pulmonary capillaries to accomplish gas exchange. Blood gas homeostasis must be accomplished by precise regulation of alveolar ventilation via medullary neural networks and sensory reflex mechanisms. It is equally important that cardiovascular and pulmonary system responses to exercise be precisely matched to the increase in metabolic requirements, and that the substantial gas transport needs of both respiratory and locomotor muscles be considered. Our article addresses each of these topics with emphasis on the healthy, young adult exercising in normoxia. We review recent evidence concerning how exercise hyperpnea influences sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow and the effect this might have on the ability to perform muscular work. We also review sex‐based differences in lung mechanics. © 2012 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol2:1093‐1142, 2012.
Voltage‐Gated Proton Channels
Authors: DeCoursey Thomas E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractVoltage‐gated proton channels, HV1, have vaulted from the realm of the esoteric into the forefront of a central question facing ion channel biophysicists, namely, the mechanism by which voltage‐dependent gating occurs. This transformation is the result of several factors. Identification of the gene in 2006 revealed that proton channels are homologues of the voltage‐sensing domain of most other voltage‐gated ion channels. Unique, or at least eccentric, properties of proton channels include dimeric architecture with dual conduction pathways, perfect proton selectivity, a single‐channel conductance approximately 103times smaller than most ion channels, voltage‐dependent gating that is strongly modulated by the pH gradient, ΔpH, and potent inhibition by Zn2+(in many species) but an absence of other potent inhibitors. The recent identification of HV1 in three unicellular marine plankton species has dramatically expanded the phylogenetic family tree. Interest in proton channels in their own right has increased as important physiological roles have been identified in many cells. Proton channels trigger the bioluminescent flash of dinoflagellates, facilitate calcification by coccolithophores, regulate pH‐dependent processes in eggs and sperm during fertilization, secrete acid to control the pH of airway fluids, facilitate histamine secretion by basophils, and play a signaling role in facilitating B‐cell receptor mediated responses in B‐lymphocytes. The most elaborate and best‐established functions occur in phagocytes, where proton channels optimize the activity of NADPH oxidase, an important producer of reactive oxygen species. Proton efflux mediated by HV1 balances the charge translocated across the membrane by electrons through NADPH oxidase, minimizes changes in cytoplasmic and phagosomal pH, limits osmotic swelling of the phagosome, and provides substrate H+for the production of H2O2and HOCl, reactive oxygen species crucial to killing pathogens. © 2012 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol2:1355‐1385, 2012.
Uriniferous Tubule: Structural and Functional Organization
Authors: Christensen Erik Ilsø , Wagner Carsten A. , Kaissling Brigitte 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe uriniferous tubule is divided into the proximal tubule, the intermediate (thin) tubule, the distal tubule and the collecting duct. The present chapter is based on the chapters by Maunsbach and Christensen on the proximal tubule, and by Kaissling and Kriz on the distal tubule and collecting duct in the 1992 edition of the Handbook of Physiology, Renal Physiology. It describes the fine structure (light and electron microscopy) of the entire mammalian uriniferous tubule, mainly in rats, mice, and rabbits. The structural data are complemented by recent data on the location of the major transport‐ and transport‐regulating proteins, revealed by morphological means (immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and/or mRNAin situhybridization). The structural differences along the uriniferous tubule strictly coincide with the distribution of the major luminal and basolateral transport proteins and receptors and both together provide the basis for the subdivision of the uriniferous tubule into functional subunits. Data on structural adaptation to defined functional changesin vivoand to genetical alterations of specified proteins involved in transepithelial transport importantly deepen our comprehension of the correlation of structure and function in the kidney, of the role of each segment or cell type in the overall renal function, and our understanding of renal pathophysiology. © 2012 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol2:805‐861, 2012.
Role of Monosaccharide Transport Proteins in Carbohydrate Assimilation, Distribution, Metabolism, and Homeostasis
Authors: Cura Anthony J. , Carruthers Anthony 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe facilitated diffusion of glucose, galactose, fructose, urate, myoinositol, and dehydroascorbic acid in mammals is catalyzed by a family of 14 monosaccharide transport proteins called GLUTs. These transporters may be divided into three classes according to sequence similarity and function/substrate specificity. GLUT1 appears to be highly expressed in glycolytically active cells and has been coopted in vitamin C auxotrophs to maintain the redox state of the blood through transport of dehydroascorbate. Several GLUTs are definitive glucose/galactose transporters, GLUT2 and GLUT5 are physiologically important fructose transporters, GLUT9 appears to be a urate transporter while GLUT13 is a proton/myoinositol cotransporter. The physiologic substrates of some GLUTs remain to be established. The GLUTs are expressed in a tissue specific manner where affinity, specificity, and capacity for substrate transport are paramount for tissue function. Although great strides have been made in characterizing GLUT‐catalyzed monosaccharide transport and mapping GLUT membrane topography and determinants of substrate specificity, a unifying model for GLUT structure and function remains elusive. The GLUTs play a major role in carbohydrate homeostasis and the redistribution of sugar‐derived carbons among the various organ systems. This is accomplished through a multiplicity of GLUT‐dependent glucose sensing and effector mechanisms that regulate monosaccharide ingestion, absorption, distribution, cellular transport and metabolism, and recovery/retention. Glucose transport and metabolism have coevolved in mammals to support cerebral glucose utilization. © 2012 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol2:863‐914, 2012.
Structure and Dynamic Properties of Membrane Proteins using NMR
Authors: Rösner Heike I. , Kragelund Birthe B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntegral membrane proteins are one of the most challenging groups of macromolecules despite their apparent conformational simplicity. They manage and drive transport, circulate information, and participate in cellular movements via interactions with other proteins and through intricate conformational changes. Their structural and functional decoding is challenging and has imposed demanding experimental development. Solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the techniques providing the capacity to make a significant difference in the deciphering of the membrane protein structure‐function paradigm. The method has evolved dramatically during the last decade resulting in a plethora of new experiments leading to a significant increase in the scientific repertoire for studying membrane proteins. Besides solving the three‐dimensional structures usingstate‐of‐the‐artapproaches, a large variety of developments of well‐established techniques are available providing insight into membrane protein flexibility, dynamics, and interactions. Inspired by the speed of development in the application of new strategies, by invention of methods to measure solvent accessibility and describe low‐populated states, this review seeks to introduce the vast possibilities solution NMR can offer to the study of membrane protein structure‐function analyses with special focus on applicability. © 2012 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol2:1491‐1539, 2012.
Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Basile David P. , Anderson Melissa D. , Sutton Timothy A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is the leading cause of nephrology consultation and is associated with high mortality rates. The primary causes of AKI include ischemia, hypoxia, or nephrotoxicity. An underlying feature is a rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) usually associated with decreases in renal blood flow. Inflammation represents an important additional component of AKI leading to the extension phase of injury, which may be associated with insensitivity to vasodilator therapy. It is suggested that targeting the extension phase represents an area potential of treatment with the greatest possible impact. The underlying basis of renal injury appears to be impaired energetics of the highly metabolically active nephron segments (i.e., proximal tubules and thick ascending limb) in the renal outer medulla, which can trigger conversion from transient hypoxia to intrinsic renal failure. Injury to kidney cells can be lethal or sublethal. Sublethal injury represents an important component in AKI, as it may profoundly influence GFR and renal blood flow. The nature of the recovery response is mediated by the degree to which sublethal cells can restore normal function and promote regeneration. The successful recovery from AKI depends on the degree to which these repair processes ensue and these may be compromised in elderly or chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Recent data suggest that AKI represents a potential link to CKD in surviving patients. Finally, earlier diagnosis of AKI represents an important area in treating patients with AKI that has spawned increased awareness of the potential that biomarkers of AKI may play in the future. © 2012 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol2:1303‐1353, 2012.
Modulation of Voltage‐Gated Ion Channels by Sialylation
Authors: Ednie Andrew R. , Bennett Eric S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractControl and modulation of electrical signaling is vital to normal physiology, particularly in neurons, cardiac myocytes, and skeletal muscle. The orchestrated activities of variable sets of ion channels and transporters, including voltage‐gated ion channels (VGICs), are responsible for initiation, conduction, and termination of the action potential (AP) in excitable cells. Slight changes in VGIC activity can lead to severe pathologies including arrhythmias, epilepsies, and paralyses, while normal excitability depends on the precise tuning of the AP waveform. VGICs are heavily posttranslationally modified, with upward of 30% of the mature channel mass consisting of N‐ and O‐glycans. These glycans are terminated typically by negatively charged sialic acid residues that modulate voltage‐dependent channel gating directly. The data indicate that sialic acids alter VGIC activity in isoform‐specific manners, dependent in part, on the number/location of channel sialic acids attached to the pore‐forming alpha and/or auxiliary subunits that often act through saturating electrostatic mechanisms. Additionally, cell‐specific regulation of sialylation can affect VGIC gating distinctly. Thus, channel sialylation is likely regulated through two mechanisms that together contribute to a dynamic spectrum of possible gating motifs: a subunit‐specific mechanism and regulated (aberrant) changes in the ability of the cell to glycosylate. Recent studies showed that neuronal and cardiac excitability is modulated through regulated changes in voltage‐gated Na+channel sialylation, suggesting that both mechanisms of differential VGIC sialylation contribute to electrical signaling in the brain and heart. Together, the data provide insight into an important and novel paradigm involved in the control and modulation of electrical signaling. © 2012 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol2:1269‐1301, 2012.