bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A molecular phylogenetic approach to western North America endemic Artemisia and allies (Asteraceae): Untangling the sagebrushes
Authors: Garcia Sònia , McArthur E. Durant , Pellicer Jaume , Sanderson Stewart C. , Vallès Joan , Garnatje Teresa 
Published: April 2011

• Premise of the study: Artemisia subgenus Tridentatae plants characterize the North American Intermountain West. These are landscape‐dominant constituents of important ecological communities and habitats for endemic wildlife. Together with allied species and genera (Picrothamnus and Sphaeromeria), they make up an intricate series of taxa whose limits are uncertain, likely the result of reticulate evolution. The objectives of this study were to resolve relations among Tridentatae species and their near relatives by delimiting the phylogenetic positions of subgenus Tridentatae species with particular reference to its New World geographic placement and to provide explanations for the relations of allied species and genera with the subgenus with an assessment of their current taxonomic placement.• Methods: Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony analysis were based on 168 newly generated sequences (including the nuclear ITS and ETS and the plastid trnSUGA‐trnfMCAU and trnSGCU‐trnCGCA) and 338 previously published sequences (ITS and ETS). Genome size by flow cytometry of species from Sphaeromeria was also determined.• Key results: The results support an expanded concept and reconfiguration of Tridentatae to accommodate additional endemic North American Artemisia species. The monotypic Picrothamnus and all Sphaeromeria species appear nested within subgenus Tridentatae clade.• Conclusions: A redefinition of subgenus Tridentatae to include other western North American endemics is supported. We propose a new circumscription of the subgenus and divide it into three sections: Tridentatae, Filifoliae, and Nebulosae. The position of the circumboreal and other North American species suggests that subgenus Artemisia is the ancestral stock for the New World endemics, including those native to South America.
Angiosperm phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa
Authors: Soltis Douglas E. , Smith Stephen A. , Cellinese Nico , Wurdack Kenneth J. , Tank David C. , Brockington Samuel F. , Refulio‐Rodriguez Nancy F. , Walker Jay B. , Moore Michael J. , Carlsward Barbara S. , Bell Charles D. , Latvis Maribeth , Crawley Sunny , Black Chelsea , Diouf Diaga , Xi Zhenxiang , Rushworth Catherine A. , Gitzendanner Matthew A. , Sytsma Kenneth J. , Qiu Yin‐Long , Hilu Khidir W. , Davis Charles C. , Sanderson Michael J. , Beaman Reed S. , Olmstead Richard G. , Judd Walter S. , Donoghue Michael J. , Soltis Pamela S. 
Published: April 2011

• Premise of the study: Recent analyses employing up to five genes have provided numerous insights into angiosperm phylogeny, but many relationships have remained unresolved or poorly supported. In the hope of improving our understanding of angiosperm phylogeny, we expanded sampling of taxa and genes beyond previous analyses.• Methods: We conducted two primary analyses based on 640 species representing 330 families. The first included 25260 aligned base pairs (bp) from 17 genes (representing all three plant genomes, i.e., nucleus, plastid, and mitochondrion). The second included 19846 aligned bp from 13 genes (representing only the nucleus and plastid).• Key results: Many important questions of deep‐level relationships in the nonmonocot angiosperms have now been resolved with strong support. Amborellaceae, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales are successive sisters to the remaining angiosperms (Mesangiospermae), which are resolved into Chloranthales + Magnoliidae as sister to Monocotyledoneae + [Ceratophyllaceae + Eudicotyledoneae]. Eudicotyledoneae contains a basal grade subtending Gunneridae. Within Gunneridae, Gunnerales are sister to the remainder (Pentapetalae), which comprises (1) Superrosidae, consisting of Rosidae (including Vitaceae) and Saxifragales; and (2) Superasteridae, comprising Berberidopsidales, Santalales, Caryophyllales, Asteridae, and, based on this study, Dilleniaceae (although other recent analyses disagree with this placement). Within the major subclades of Pentapetalae, most deep‐level relationships are resolved with strong support.• Conclusions: Our analyses confirm that with large amounts of sequence data, most deep‐level relationships within the angiosperms can be resolved. We anticipate that this well‐resolved angiosperm tree will be of broad utility for many areas of biology, including physiology, ecology, paleobiology, and genomics.
Advanced Glycation End Products Inhibit Both Infection and TransmissionIn Transof HIV-1 from Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells to Autologous T Cells
Authors: Nasreddine Nadine , Borde Chloé , Gozlan Joël , Bélec Laurent , Maréchal Vincent , Hocini Hakim 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHighly active antiretroviral therapy is associated with carbohydrate metabolic alterations that may lead to diabetes. One consequence of hyperglycemia is the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that are involved in diabetes complications. We investigated the impact of AGEs on the infection of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) by HIV-1 and the ability of MDDCs to transmit the virus to T cells. We showed that AGEs could inhibit infection of MDDCs with primary R5-tropic HIV-1Ba-L by up to 85 ± 9.2% and with primary X4-tropic HIV-1VN44 by up to 60 ± 8.5%. This inhibitory effect of AGEs was not prevented by a neutralizing anti-receptor for advanced glycation end products (anti-RAGE) Ab, demonstrating a RAGE-independent mechanism. Moreover, AGEs inhibited by 70–80% the transmission in trans of the virus to CD4 T cells. Despite the inhibitory effect of AGEs on both MDDC infection and virus transmission in trans, no inhibition of virus attachment to cell membrane was observed, confirming that attachment and transmission of the virus involve independent mechanisms. The inhibitory effect of AGEs on infection was associated with a RAGE-independent downregulation of CD4 at the cell membrane and by a RAGE-dependent repression of the CXCR4 and CCR5 HIV-1 receptors. AGEs induce the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12, but not RANTES or MIP-1α, and did not lead to MDDC maturation as demonstrated by the lack of expression of the CD83 molecule. Taken together, our results suggest that AGEs can play an inhibiting role in HIV-1 infection in patients who accumulate circulating AGEs, including patients treated with protease inhibitors that developed diabetes.
MHC Class II-Restricted Interaction between Thymocytes Plays an Essential Role in the Production of Innate CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Min Hye Sook , Lee You Jeong , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Kim Eun Ji , Kang Byung Hyun , Jung Kyeong Cheon , Chang Cheong-Hee , Park Seong Hoe 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
We have recently shown that MHC class II-dependent thymocyte–thymocyte (T–T) interaction successfully generates CD4+ T cells (T–T CD4+ T cells), and that T–T CD4+ T cells expressing promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) show an innate property both in mice and humans. In this article, we report that the thymic T–T interaction is essential for the conversion of CD8+ T cells into innate phenotype in the physiological condition. CD8+ T cells developed in the presence of PLZF+ CD4+ T cells showed marked upregulation of eomesodermin (Eomes), activation/memory phenotype, and rapid production of IFN-γ on ex vivo stimulation. Their development was highly dependent on the PLZF expression in T–T CD4+ T cells and the IL-4 secreted by PLZF+ T–T CD4+ T cells. The same events may take place in humans, as a substantial number of Eomes expressing innate CD8+ T cells were found in human fetal thymi and spleens. It suggests that PLZF+ T–T CD4+ T cells in combination with Eomes+ CD8+ T cells might actively participate in the innate immune response against various pathogens, particularly in human perinatal period.
Proinflammatory Environment Dictates the IL-17–Producing Capacity of Human Invariant NKT Cells
Authors: Moreira-Teixeira Lúcia , Resende Mariana , Coffre Maryaline , Devergne Odile , Herbeuval Jean-Philippe , Hermine Olivier , Schneider Elke , Rogge Lars , Ruemmele Frank M. , Dy Michel , Cordeiro-da-Silva Anabela , Leite-de-Moraes Maria C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCD1d-reactive invariant NKT (iNKT) cells have been implicated in a number of experimental models of human pathologies. Given the scope of their immunoregulatory activities mediated through distinct cytokine patterns, it has been proposed that this functional diversity originates from distinct iNKT subpopulations. In this study, we report that human CD161+ iNKT cells are intrinsically endowed with the capacity to generate IL-17, but require TGF-β, IL-1β, and IL-23 to carry out this potential. IL-17–producing iNKT cells are already present in cord blood but, in contrast to peripheral blood iNKT cells, they cannot generate IFN-γ. These IL-17 producers respond to aryl hydrocarbon receptor stimulation and express IL-23 receptor and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C, similar to conventional T helper 17 cells, from which they differ by their restricted ability to coproduce IL-22. In conclusion, IL-17 production by human iNKT cells depends on two critical parameters, namely an intrinsic program and a proinflammatory environment.
Subcellular Localization and Role of Lipin-1 in Human Macrophages
Authors: Valdearcos Martín , Esquinas Esperanza , Meana Clara , Gil-de-Gómez Luis , Guijas Carlos , Balsinde Jesús , Balboa María A. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The lipins have been described as metabolic enzymes that regulate lipid biosynthesis and also signaling processes by controlling the cellular concentration of bioactive lipids, phosphatidic acid, and diacylgycerol. In the present work we have studied the subcellular localization and role of lipin-1 in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Human macrophages express lipin-1 isoforms α and β. A transfected lipin-1α–enhanced GFP construct associates with membranes of cellular organelles that can be stained with Nile Red. Colocalization experiments with lipid droplet (LD)-specific proteins such as adipophilin/adipose differentiation-related protein/perilipin 2 or TIP47/perilipin 3 show that both proteins colocalize with lipin-1α in the same cellular structures. Reduction of the expression levels of lipin-1 by small interfering RNA technology does not impair triacylglycerol biosynthesis but reduces the size of LDs formed in response to oleic acid. In agreement with these data, peritoneal macrophages from animals that carry a mutation in the Lpin-1 gene (fld animals) also produce less and smaller LDs in response to oleic acid. Mass spectrometry determinations demonstrate that the fatty acid composition of triacylglycerol in isolated LDs from lipin-1–deficient cells differs from that of control cells. Moreover, activation of cytosolic group IVA phospholipase A2α, a proinflammatory enzyme that is also involved in LD biogenesis, is also compromised in lipin-1–deficient cells. Collectively, these data suggest that lipin-1 associates with LDs and regulates the activation of cytosolic group IVA phospholipase A2α in human monocyte-derived macrophages.
Blockade of CTLA-4 Decreases the Generation of Multifunctional Memory CD4+ T Cells In Vivo
Authors: Rudolph Marion , Hebel Katrin , Miyamura Yoshinori , Maverakis Emanual , Brunner-Weinzierl Monika C. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
CTLA-4 is known as a central inhibitor of T cell responses. It terminates T cell activation and proliferation and induces resistance against activation induced cell death. However, its impact on memory formation of adaptive immune responses is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that although anti–CTLA-4 mAb treatment during primary immunization of mice initially enhances the number of IFN-γ–producing CD4+ T cells, it does not affect the size of the memory pool. Interestingly, we find that the CTLA-4 blockade modulates the quality of the memory pool: it decreases the amount of specialized “multifunctional” memory CD4+ T cells coproducing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 in response to Ag. The reduction of these cells causes an immense decrease of IFN-γ–producing T cells after in vivo antigenic rechallenge. Chimeric mice expressing CTLA-4–competent and –deficient cells unmask, which these CTLA-4–driven mechanisms are mediated CD4+ T cell nonautonomously. In addition, the depletion of CD25+ T cells prior to the generation of Ag-specific memory cells reveals that the constitutively CTLA-4–expressing natural regulatory T cells determine the quality of memory CD4+ T cells. Taken together, these results indicate that although the inhibitory molecule CTLA-4 damps the primary immune response, its engagement positively regulates the formation of a high-quality memory pool equipped with multifunctional CD4+ T cells capable of mounting a robust response to Ag rechallenge.
An Aberrant Thymus in CCR5−/− Mice Is Coupled with an Enhanced Adaptive Immune Response in Fungal Infection
Authors: Kroetz Danielle N. , Deepe George S. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
CCR5 is a potent mediator of regulatory T cell (Treg) chemotaxis. In murine histoplasmosis, mice lacking CCR5 or endogenous CCL4 have a reduced number of Tregs in the lungs, which results in accelerated resolution of infection. In this study, we demonstrate that CCR5 controls the outcome of Histoplasma capsulatum infection by dictating thymic and lymph node egress of Tregs. Mice lacking CCR5 or treated with a mAb to CCL4 had more Tregs in the thymus prior to and during infection. Thymic accumulation was associated with diminished transcription of the sphingosine 1-phosphate 1 receptor and Krüppel-like factor 2, both of which regulate thymic and lymph node emigration of T cells. The significance of CCR5 in Treg egress was demonstrated by generating mixed bone marrow chimeras. Chimeric mice had an increased proportion of CCR5−/− Tregs in the thymus and lymph nodes and a decreased proportion of Tregs in the lungs prior to and during H. capsulatum infection. Hence, CCR5 signaling regulates pathogen persistence in murine histoplasmosis by regulating Tregs exiting from the thymus and lymph nodes and, consequently, their subsequent homing in the periphery.
Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger Turns on the Effector T Cell Program without Requirement for Agonist TCR Signaling
Authors: Savage Adam K. , Constantinides Michael G. , Bendelac Albert 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Thymocytes expressing the NKT cell semi-invariant αβ TCR are thought to undergo agonist interactions with CD1d ligands prior to expressing promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), a broad complex, tramtrack, bric-a-brac, poxvirus, and zinc finger transcription factor that directs acquisition of the effector program of these innate-like T cells. Whether PLZF can mediate this effector conversion independently of agonist signaling has not been investigated. We demonstrated that transgenic (Tg) expression of PLZF under the CD4 promoter induced the innate effector program in two different MHC class II-restricted TCR-Tg Rag1−/− models examined. In CD4 thymocytes expressing a fixed Tg TCR β-chain, the associated TCRα sequences in wild-type and PLZF-Tg mice overlapped extensively, further demonstrating that PLZF could induce the effector program in most CD4 T cells that would normally be selected as naive cells. In contrast, PLZF altered the negative selection of thymocytes expressing TCR β-chains reactive against several retroviral superantigens. Thus, PLZF is remarkable in that it is a transcription factor capable of inducing an effector program in the absence of T cell agonist interactions or cell division. Its expression may also enhance the survival of agonist-signaled thymocytes.
Psychic distance revisited: A proposed conceptual framework and research agenda
Authors: Smith Max , Dowling Peter J , Rose Elizabeth L 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe concept of psychic distance has had a long but problematic history in the academic study of international business. Although inherently appealing, attempts to empirically validate the theoretical frameworks proposed by early psychic distance scholars have provided mixed results. This has led a number of academics to question the usefulness of the concept. Theoretical advances have been made in recent times with the introduction of revised definitions, but there is still the need for a conceptual framework of psychic distance that unambiguously identifies the determinants of psychic distance and demonstrates the relevance of this concept at the national, firm, and individual level. The present paper proposes a revised definition of psychic distance and posits a conceptual framework of psychic distance that addresses these needs. It then concludes by putting forward a research agenda arising as a consequence of the new conceptual framework.
The mental models of HR professionals as strategic partners
Authors: Labedz Chester S , Lee Jegoo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we elicited and examined mental models of human resource professionals, regarding the interrelationships of important elements in shaping competitive strategy, for consensus or systematic variation, testing for HR's distinctive contribution at the strategy table. In order to examine their mental models, we collected empirical data from a stratified non-probability respondent sample of HR professionals in three stages: semi-structured informant interviews; free list and rank ordering tasks; and drawing exercises. Performing consensus analysis of respondents' mental models, we found that: First, as a group, HR professionals lack a robust, integrated HR strategic perspective; second, consensus views of labor relations practitioners and business unit generalists emerge as most distinctive and most people-focused. As one of few scholarly empirical examinations of HR practitioners' mental models on their view as strategic partners, this study challenges the normative calls among scholars and professional organizations for HR's participation in strategy formulation.
The power of stories to persuade: The storying of midwives and the financial narratives of central policy makers
Authors: Dawson Patrick , Farmer Jane , Thomson Elizabeth 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe power of stories to persuade in infl uencing the process of change is the focus of this article. Attention is given to the importance of stories in making sense of past experience, of unifying groups, and in presenting options for future engagement and action. Unlike the narrative concern with sequencing, coherence and the need for a beginning, middle and end, it is argued that stories are often partial and ongoing, occur at multiple levels compete, complement and redefine positions. The plurality and political nature of stories are illustrated in an analysis of data drawn from a longitudinal study of six health care sites in remote and rural Scotland. The study concludes by arguing that stories are a powerful political vehicle in influencing sense-making and a critical component in maintaining choice and defl ecting the imposition of a single simple solution (hegemonic influence) over various interpretations of what are complex context-based issues.
Co-existing institutional logics and agency among top-level public servants: A praxeological approach
Authors: Bjerregaard Toke 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWhile institutional organization research to some extent has neglected the micro agency of organization members, parts of the strategy-as-practice research have tended to bracket off wider societal environments shaping the practices-in-use of top-level strategy practitioners. This article attempts to address parts of this void. This study examines the agency exerted by top-level public servants through their everyday strategy and policy work in face of co-existing logics of public administration. The findings illustrate how their action strategies span from more passive strategies of coping with coexisting logics of administration to more skilled agency of combining logics aimed at enhancing their opportunity and action space. The study suggests that the interplay between co-existing institutional logics, action strategies and the practical skills of top-level public servants provides the basis for both coping and more proactive strategies in pluralistic public administrations. Findings illustrate the role of public servants' practical sense of realizable opportunities that inform such strategies of handling co-existing institutional logics. Implications for institutional studies of organizations are outlined.
Agency and the deunionisation of managers in an Australian telecommunications company
Authors: Barton Ruth , van den Broek Diane 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDiscussions about deunionisation usually focus on lower levels of the workforce with managers seen as the initiators of deunionisation strategies. Managers, however, occupy contradictory positions as agents of capital, employees and possibly trade unionists. This can place them in the position of being both recipients and conduits in deunionisation strategies. The focus of the study is on Telstra, the major telecommunications carrier in Australia. Using a range of sources such as interviews and company and union materials, this qualitative research shows how between 1992 and 2000 Telstra's senior management's concerns over middle management agency prompted them to reframe the concept of a manager by using a set of managerial practices from the mining company CRA and the provisions of the Workplace Relations Act (1996) to individualise and deunionise their managerial ranks as a precursor to the deunionisation of the wider workforce.
Sacked! An investigation of young workers' dismissal
Authors: Kellner Ashlea , McDonald Paula , Waterhouse Jennifer 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLimited academic attention has been afforded to young workers relative to their adult counterparts. This study addresses a phase of the employment relationship for young people that is very infrequently examined – during or around the time when the relationship ends. It examines the relative frequency of different forms of dismissal and the circumstances preceding the dismissals via a content analysis of 1259 cases of employee enquiries to a community advocacy organisation in Australia. Results indicate that dismissal was most commonly associated with bullying, harassment, and taking personal leave. Young men, compared to young women, were disproportionately likely to report allegations of misconduct as preceding dismissal, while females experienced higher rates of sexual harassment and discrimination. The research highlights the types and circumstances of dismissal across a range of employment contexts and reveals the complexities of youth employment relationships which may differ from those of the general workforce.