bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent Snoring in Preschool Children: Predictors and Behavioral and Developmental Correlates
Authors: Beebe Dean W. , Rausch Joseph , Byars Kelly C. , Lanphear Bruce , Yolton Kimberly 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To clarify whether persistent snoring in 2- to 3-year-olds is associated with behavioral and cognitive development, and to identify predictors of transient and persistent snoring.

METHODS:
Two hundred forty-nine mother/child pairs participated in a prospective birth cohort study. Based upon parental report of loud snoring ≥2 times weekly at 2 and 3 years of age, children were designated as nonsnorers, transient snorers (snored at 2 or 3 years of age, but not both), or persistent snorers (snored at both ages). We compared groups by using validated measures of behavioral and cognitive functioning. Potential predictors of snoring included child race and gender, socioeconomic status (parent education and income), birth weight, prenatal tobacco exposure (maternal serum cotinine), childhood tobacco exposure (serum cotinine), history and duration of breast milk feeding, and body mass relative to norms.

RESULTS:
In multivariable analyses, persistent snorers had significantly higher reported overall behavior problems, particularly hyperactivity, depression, and inattention. Nonsnorers had significantly stronger cognitive development than transient and persistent snorers in unadjusted analyses, but not after demographic adjustment. The strongest predictors of the presence and persistence of snoring were lower socioeconomic status and the absence or shorter duration of breast milk feeding. Secondary analyses suggested that race may modify the association of childhood tobacco smoke exposure and snoring.

CONCLUSIONS:
Persistent, loud snoring was associated with higher rates of problem behaviors. These results support routine screening and tracking of snoring, especially in children from low socioeconomic backgrounds; referral for follow-up care of persistent snoring in young children; and encouragement and facilitation of infant breastfeeding.
Pediatric-Specific Antimicrobial Susceptibility Data and Empiric Antibiotic Selection
Authors: Boggan Joel C. , Navar-Boggan Ann Marie , Jhaveri Ravi 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Duke University Health System (DUHS) generates annual antibiograms combining adult and pediatric data. We hypothesized significant susceptibility differences exist for pediatric isolates and that distributing these results would alter antibiotic choices.

METHODS:
Susceptibility rates for Escherichia coli isolates from patients aged ≤12 years between July 2009 and September 2010 were compared with the 2009 DUHS antibiogram. Pediatric attending and resident physicians answered case-based vignettes about children aged 3 months and 12 years with urinary tract infections. Each vignette contained 3 identical scenarios with no antibiogram, the 2009 DUHS antibiogram, and a pediatric-specific antibiogram provided. Effective antibiotics exhibited &gt;80% in vitro susceptibility. Frequency of antibiotic selection was analyzed by using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS:
Three hundred seventy-five pediatric isolates were identified. Pediatric isolates were more resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and less resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin (P &lt; .0005 for all). Seventy-five resident and attending physicians completed surveys. In infant vignettes, physicians selected amoxicillin-clavulanate (P &lt; .05) and nitrofurantoin (P &lt; .01) more often and TMP-SMX (P &lt; .01) less often with pediatric-specific data. Effective antibiotic choices increased from 68.6% to 82.2% (P = .06) to 92.5% (P &lt; .01) across scenarios. In adolescent vignettes, providers reduced TMP-SMX use from 66.2% to 42.6% to 19.0% (P &lt; .01 for both). Effective antibiotic choices increased from 32.4% to 57.4% to 79.4% (P &lt; .01 and P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS:
Pediatric E. coli isolates differ significantly in antimicrobial susceptibility at our institution, particularly to frequently administered oral antibiotics. Knowledge of pediatric-specific data altered empirical antibiotic choices in case vignettes. Care of pediatric patients could be improved with use of a pediatric-specific antibiogram.
Prospective study of dentoskeletal changes in Class II division malocclusion treatment with twin force bite corrector
Authors: Guimarães Carlos Henrique , Henriques José Fernando Castanha , Janson Guilherme , de Almeida Marcio Rodrigues , Araki Janine , Cançado Rodrigo Hermont , Castro Renata , Nanda Ravindra 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the dentoskeletal changes of Class II malocclusion treatment with the Twin Force Bite Corrector (TFBC).

Materials and Methods:
The sample comprised 86 lateral cephalograms obtained from 43 subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusion; the subjects were divided into two groups. The experimental group comprised 23 patients with a mean initial age of 12.11 years who were treated with the TFBC for a mean period of 2.19 years. The control group included 40 lateral cephalograms from 20 Class II nontreated patients, with an initial mean age of 12.55 years and a mean observation period of 2.19 years. The lateral cephalograms were evaluated before and after orthodontic treatment in group 1 and in the beginning and end of the observation period in group 2. t-Tests were used to compare the initial and final cephalometric characteristics of the groups as well as the amount of change.

Results:
The experimental group presented greater maxillary growth restriction and mandibular retrusion than the control group, as well as greater maxillomandibular relationship improvement and greater labial tipping of the mandibular incisors. The results also showed a greater decrease in overbite and overjet in the experimental group, and there were no statistically significant differences in the craniofacial growth pattern between groups.

Conclusions:
The TFBC promotes restriction of anterior maxillary displacement without significant changes in mandibular length and position and improvement of maxillomandibular relationship without changes in facial growth and significant buccal tipping of mandibular incisors. Class II correction with the TFBC occurred primarily as a result of dentoalveolar changes.
A 25-Year Longitudinal Evaluation of Gastric Emptying in Diabetes
Authors: Chang Jessica , Russo Antonietta , Bound Michelle , Rayner Christopher K. , Jones Karen L. , Horowitz Michael 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the natural history of gastric emptying in diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Thirteen patients with diabetes (12, type 1; 1, type 2) had measurements of gastric emptying, blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin, upper gastrointestinal symptoms, and autonomic nerve function at baseline and after 24.7 ± 1.5 years.

RESULTS
There was no change in gastric emptying of either solids (% retention at 100 min) (baseline 58.5 ± 5% vs. follow-up 51.9 ± 8%; P = 0.35) or liquids (50% emptying time) (baseline 29.8 ± 3 min vs. follow-up 34.3 ± 6 min; P = 0.37). Gastric emptying of solid at follow-up was related to emptying at baseline (r = 0.56, P &lt; 0.05). At follow-up, blood glucose concentrations were lower (P = 0.006), autonomic function deteriorated (P = 0.03), and gastrointestinal symptoms remained unchanged (P = 0.17).

CONCLUSIONS
In unselected patients with diabetes, gastric emptying appears remarkably stable over 25 years.
Low HDL Cholesterol and the Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy and Retinopathy
Authors: Morton Jamie , Zoungas Sophia , Li Qiang , Patel Anushka A. , Chalmers John , Woodward Mark , Celermajer David S. , Beulens Joline W.J. , Stolk Ronald P. , Glasziou Paul , Ng Martin K.C. ,   on behalf of the ADVANCE Collaborative Group
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
Although low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is an established risk factor for atherosclerosis, data on HDL-C and the risk of microvascular disease are limited. We tested the association between HDL-C and microvascular disease in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 11,140 patients with type 2 diabetes and at least one additional vascular risk factor were followed a median of 5 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between baseline HDL-C and the development of new or worsening microvascular disease, defined prospectively as a composite of renal and retinal events.

RESULTS
The mean baseline HDL-C level was 1.3 mmol/L (SD 0.45 mmol/L [range 0.1–4.0]). During follow-up, 32% of patients developed new or worsening microvascular disease, with 28% experiencing a renal event and 6% a retinal event. Compared with patients in the highest third, those in the lowest third had a 17% higher risk of microvascular disease (adjusted hazard ratio 1.17 [95% CI 1.06–1.28], P = 0.001) after adjustment for potential confounders and regression dilution. This was driven by a 19% higher risk of renal events (1.19 [1.08–1.32], P = 0.0005). There was no association between thirds of HDL-C and retinal events (1.01 [0.82–1.25], P = 0.9).

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with type 2 diabetes, HDL-C level is an independent risk factor for the development of microvascular disease affecting the kidney but not the retina.
Universal Drug Coverage and Socioeconomic Disparities in Major Diabetes Outcomes
Authors: Booth Gillian L. , Bishara Phoebe , Lipscombe Lorraine L. , Shah Baiju R. , Feig Denice S. , Bhattacharyya Onil , Bierman Arlene S. 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
Due in large part to effective pharmacotherapy, mortality rates have fallen substantially among those with diabetes; however, trends have been less favorable among those of lower socioeconomic status (SES), leading to a widening gap in mortality between rich and poor. We examined whether income disparities in diabetes-related morbidity or mortality decline after age 65 in a setting where much of health care is publicly funded yet universal drug coverage starts only at age 65.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using administrative health claims from Ontario, Canada. Adults with diabetes (N = 606,051) were followed from 1 April 2002 to 31 March 2008 for a composite outcome of death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and nonfatal stroke. SES was based on neighborhood median household income levels from the 2001 Canadian Census.

RESULTS
SES was a strong predictor of death, nonfatal AMI, or nonfatal stroke among those &lt;65 years of age (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.51 [95% CI 1.45–1.56]) and exerted a lesser effect among those ≥65 years of age (1.12 [1.09–1.14]; P &lt; 0.0001 for interaction), after adjusting for age, sex, baseline cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes duration, comorbidity, and health care utilization. SES gradients were consistent for all groups &lt;65 years of age. Similar findings were noted for 1-year post-AMI mortality (&lt;65 years of age, 1.33 [1.09–1.63]; ≥65 years of age, 1.09 [1.01–1.18]).

CONCLUSIONS
Observed SES differences in CVD burden diminish substantially after age 65 in our population with diabetes, which may be related to universal access to prescription drugs among seniors.
The Relative Contribution of Prepregnancy Overweight and Obesity, Gestational Weight Gain, and IADPSG-Defined Gestational Diabetes Mellitus to Fetal Overgrowth
Authors: Black Mary Helen , Sacks David A. , Xiang Anny H. , Lawrence Jean M. 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
The International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) identifies women and infants at risk for adverse outcomes, which are also strongly associated with maternal overweight, obesity, and excess gestational weight gain.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospective study of 9,835 women who delivered at ≥20 weeks’ gestation; had a prenatal, 2-h, 75-g oral glucose tolerance test; and were not treated with diet, exercise, or antidiabetic medications during pregnancy. Women were classified as having GDM based on IADPSG criteria and were categorized into six mutually exclusive prepregnancy BMI/GDM groups: normal weight ± GDM, overweight ± GDM, and obese ± GDM.

RESULTS
Overall, 5,851 (59.5%) women were overweight or obese and 1,892 (19.2%) had GDM. Of those with GDM, 1,443 (76.3%) were overweight or obese. The prevalence of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants was significantly higher for overweight and obese women without GDM compared with their normal-weight counterparts. Among women without GDM, 21.6% of LGA infants were attributable to maternal overweight and obesity, and the combination of being overweight or obese and having GDM accounted for 23.3% of LGA infants. Increasing gestational weight gain was associated with a higher prevalence of LGA in all groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Prepregnancy overweight and obesity account for a high proportion of LGA, even in the absence of GDM. Interventions that focus on maternal overweight/obesity and gestational weight gain, regardless of GDM status, have the potential to reach far more women at risk for having an LGA infant.
Uniqueness of solutions to an Abel type nonlinear integral equation on the half line
Authors: Mydlarczyk Wojciech 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We consider a convolution-type integral equation u = k ⋆ g(u) on the half line (−∞; a), a ∈ ℝ, with kernel k(x) = x
α−1, 0 < α, and function g(u), continuous and nondecreasing, such that g(0) = 0 and 0 < g(u) for 0 < u. We concentrate on the uniqueness problem for this equation, and we prove that if α ∈ (1, 4), then for any two nontrivial solutions u
1, u
2 there exists a constant c ∈ ℝ such that u
2(x) = u
1(x +c), −∞ < x. The results are obtained by applying Hilbert projective metrics.
The shadowing chain lemma for singular Hamiltonian systems involving strong forces
Authors: Izydorek Marek , Janczewska Joanna 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We consider a planar autonomous Hamiltonian system :q+∇V(q) = 0, where the potential V: ℝ2 \{ζ}→ ℝ has a single well of infinite depth at some point ζ and a strict global maximum 0at two distinct points a and b. Under a strong force condition around the singularity ζ we will prove a lemma on the existence and multiplicity of heteroclinic and homoclinic orbits — the shadowing chain lemma — via minimization of action integrals and using simple geometrical arguments.
A class of continua that are not attractors of any IFS
Authors: Kulczycki Marcin , Nowak Magdalena 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
This paper presents a sufficient condition for a continuum in ℝn to be embeddable in ℝn in such a way that its image is not an attractor of any iterated function system. An example of a continuum in ℝ2 that is not an attractor of any weak iterated function system is also given.
Intraspecific polymorphism of ribosomal DNA loci number and morphology in Brachypodium pinnatum and Brachypodium sylvaticum
Authors: Breda Ewa , Wolny Elzbieta , Hasterok Robert 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe genus Brachypodium has become the target of extensive cytomolecular studies since one of its representatives, B. distachyon, has been accepted as a model plant for temperate cereals and forage grasses. Recent preliminary studies suggested that intraspecific rDNA polymorphism can occur in at least two members of the genus, B. sylvaticum and B. pinnatum, so the aim of this study was to further analyse this phenomenon. FISH with 25S rDNA and 5S rDNA probes was performed on somatic metaphase chromosomes, supplemented by the silver staining technique which distinguishes transcriptionally active from inactive 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA loci. The number, size and chromosomal distribution of 5S rDNA loci were very constant: two loci were invariably observed in all studied diploid accessions of both species, while four 5S rDNA loci were present in the tetraploid B. pinnatum. In contrast to 5S rDNA loci, those of the 35S rDNA were more variable. Two or three loci were observed in the diploid B. pinnatum and four in tetraploid accessions. In chromosome complements of B. sylvaticum accessions from two to six 35S rDNA sites were detected. Regardless of total rDNA locus number, only two were transcriptionally active in diploid accessions of both species, while two or four were active in the tetraploid B. pinnatum. Additionally, the fluorescent CMA/DAPI banding method was used to identify the relation between rDNA sites and CMA+ bands. It was revealed that the number and chromosomal distribution of CMA+ bands are in congruence only with 35S rDNA loci which gave strong FISH signals.
Sarmatian paleoecological environment of the Machów Formation based on the quantitative nannofossil analysis — a case study from the Sokołów area (Polish Carpathian Foredeep)
Authors: Oszczypko-Clowes Marta , Lelek Dominika , Oszczypko Nestor 
Published: August 2012

Sarmatian paleoecological environment of the Machów Formation based on the quantitative nannofossil analysis — a case study from the Sokołów area (Polish Carpathian Foredeep)The Machów Formation belongs to a supra-evaporitic succession of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep Basin (PCFB). Our studies were concentrated in the eastern part of the PCFB, north of Rzeszów. 33 samples were collected from five boreholes, at depth intervals as follows: Stobierna 2 — 1016-1338 m; Stobierna 3 — 715-1669 m; Stobierna 4 — 1016-1238 m; Stadnicka Brzóza 1 — 350-356 m and 1043-1667 m; Pogwizdów 2 — 1161-1390 m. The obtained biostratigraphical data gave evidence for the upper part of the NN6 (the Early Sarmatian) and for the NN7 (the lowermost part of the Late Sarmatian) Zones. All the nannofossil assemblages from Stobierna 2, Stobierna 4 and Pogwizdów 2 were assigned to the NN6 Zone. In the Stobierna 3 borehole the interval 1669-1113 m was assigned to NN6, whereas assemblages from depth interval 843-715 m belong to NN7 Zone. In Stadnicka Brzóza 1 interval 1667-1043 m belongs to NN6 Zone and interval 350-356 m to NN7 Zone. TheDiscoaster exilisZone (NN6) was defined by the presence ofReticulofenestra pseudoumbilica,Sphenolithus abies,Helicosphaera walbersdorfensisand absence ofDiscoaster kugleri.TheDiscoaster kugleriZone (NN7) assignment was based on the abundance ofCoccolithus miopelagicus(> 10 μm), used as an alternative species essentially confined to that interval, and absence ofCatinaster coalithus.The observed nannoplankton assemblages are predominantly composed of a high number of redeposited material, abundant long-ranging taxa and taxa resistant to carbonate dissolution. General assemblage compositions, obtained from quantitative data, indicate shallow near-shore environment and could confirm basin isolation.
Origin of natural gases in the Paleozoic-Mesozoic basement of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep
Authors: Kotarba Maciej 
Published: August 2012

Origin of natural gases in the Paleozoic-Mesozoic basement of the Polish Carpathian ForedeepHydrocarbon gases from Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous reservoirs in the Paleozoic basement of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep were generated mainly during low-temperature thermogenic processes ("oil window"). They contain only insignificant amounts of microbial methane and ethane. These gaseous hydrocarbons were generated from Lower Carboniferous and/or Middle Jurassic mixed Type III/II kerogen and from Ordovician-Silurian Type II kerogen, respectively. Methane, ethane and carbon dioxide of natural gas from the Middle Devonian reservoir contain a significant microbial component whereas their small thermogenic component is most probably genetically related to Ordovician-Silurian Type II kerogen. The gaseous hydrocarbons from the Upper Jurassic and the Upper Cretaceous reservoirs of the Mesozoic basement were generated both by microbial carbon dioxide reduction and thermogenic processes. The presence of microbial methane generated by carbon dioxide reduction suggests that in some deposits the traps had already been formed and sealed during the migration of microbial methane, presumably in the immature source rock environment. The traps were successively supplied with thermogenic methane and higher hydrocarbons generated at successively higher maturation stages of kerogen. The higher hydrocarbons of the majority of deposits were generated from mixed Type III/II kerogen deposited in the Middle Jurassic, Lower Carboniferous and/or Devonian strata. Type II or mixed Type II/III kerogen could be the source for hydrocarbons in both the Tarnów and Brzezówka deposits. In the Cenomanian sandstone reservoir of the Brzezowiec deposit and one Upper Jurassic carbonate block of the Lubaczów deposit microbial methane prevails. It migrated from the autochthonous Miocene strata.
Burial history, thermal history and hydrocarbon generation modelling of the Jurassic source rocks in the basement of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep and Outer Carpathians (SE Poland)
Authors: Kosakowski Paweł , Wróbel Magdalena 
Published: August 2012

Burial history, thermal history and hydrocarbon generation modelling of the Jurassic source rocks in the basement of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep and Outer Carpathians (SE Poland)Burial history, thermal maturity, and timing of hydrocarbon generation were modelled for the Jurassic source rocks in the basement of the Carpathian Foredeep and marginal part of the Outer Carpathians. The area of investigation was bounded to the west by Kraków, to the east by Rzeszów. The modelling was carried out in profiles of wells: Będzienica 2, Dębica 10K, Góra Ropczycka 1K, Goleszów 5, Nawsie 1, Pławowice E1 and Pilzno 40. The organic matter, containing gas-prone Type III kerogen with an admixture of Type II kerogen, is immature or at most, early mature to 0.7 % in the vitrinite reflectance scale. The highest thermal maturity is recorded in the south-eastern part of the study area, where the Jurassic strata are buried deeper. The thermal modelling showed that the obtained organic matter maturity in the initial phase of the "oil window" is connected with the stage of the Carpathian overthrusting. The numerical modelling indicated that the onset of hydrocarbon generation from the Middle Jurassic source rocks was also connected with the Carpathian thrust belt. The peak of hydrocarbon generation took place in the orogenic stage of the overthrusting. The amount of generated hydrocarbons is generally small, which is a consequence of the low maturity and low transformation degree of kerogen. The generated hydrocarbons were not expelled from their source rock. An analysis of maturity distribution and transformation degree of the Jurassic organic matter shows that the best conditions for hydrocarbon generation occurred most probably in areas deeply buried under the Outer Carpathians. It is most probable that the "generation kitchen" should be searched for there.
Modifying Cadzow's algorithm to generate the optimal TLS-solution for the structured EIV-Model of a similarity transformation
Authors: Schaffrin B. , Neitzel F. , Uzun S. , Mahboub V. 
Published: August 2012

Modifying Cadzow's algorithm to generate the optimal TLS-solution for the structured EIV-Model of a similarity transformationIn 2005, Felus and Schaffrin discussed the problem of a Structured Errors-in-Variables (EIV) Model in the context of a parameter adjustment for a classical similarity transformation. Their proposal, however, to perform a Total Least-Squares (TLS) adjustment, followed by a Cadzow step to imprint the proper structure, would not always guarantee the identity of this solution with the optimal Structured TLS solution, particularly in view of the residuals. Here, an attempt will be made to modify the Cadzow step in order to generate the optimal solution with the desired structure as it would, for instance, also result from a traditional LS-adjustment within an iteratively linearized Gauss-Helmert Model (GHM). Incidentally, this solution coincides with the (properly) Weighted TLS solution which does not need a Cadzow step.