bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nephrotoxicity of hexachloro‐1:3‐butadiene in the male Hanover Wistar rat; correlation of minimal histopathological changes with biomarkers of renal injury
Authors: Swain Aubrey , Turton John , Scudamore Cheryl , Maguire David , Pereira Ines , Freitas Sofia , Smyth Rosemary , Munday Michael , Stamp Clare , Gandhi Mitul , Sondh Surjit , Ashall Holly , Francis Ian , Woodfine Jennifer , Bowles John , York Malcolm 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTHexachloro‐1:3‐butadiene (HCBD) causes damage specifically to the renal proximal tubule in rats. In the present study, injury to the nephron of male Hanover Wistar rats was characterized at 24 h following dosing with HCBD in the range 5–90 mg kg−1 to determine the most sensitive biomarkers of damage, that is, the biomarkers demonstrating significant changes at the lowest dose of HCBD, using a range of measurements in serum and urine, renal histopathology, and renal and hepatic gene expression. Histologically, kidney degeneration was noted at doses as low as 10 mg kg−1 HCBD. Significant changes in the hepatic and renal gene expression categories of xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress were observed at 5 mg kg−1 HCBD, and in the kidney alone, evidence of inflammation at 90 mg kg−1 HCBD. Increases in the urinary excretion of α‐glutathione S‐transferase (α‐GST) and kidney injury molecule‐1 (KIM‐1) were seen at 10 mg kg−1 HCBD, and increases in urinary excretion of albumin and total protein were evident at 15 mg kg−1 HCBD. The most sensitive, noninvasive biomarkers of HCBD‐induced renal toxicity in Hanover Wistar rats were urinary α‐GST and KIM‐1. Urinary albumin measurement is also recommended as, although it is not the most sensitive biomarker, together with α‐GST, albumin showed the largest relative increase of all the biomarkers investigated, and the protein is easily measured. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prawn lipocalin: characterization of a color shift induced by gene knockdown and ligand binding assay
Authors: Yang Fan , Wang Mo‐Ran , Ma Yu‐Guang , Ma Wen‐Ming , Yang Wei‐Jun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe lipocalin family of proteins functions in the transport of steroids, carotenoids, retinoids, and other small hydrophobic molecules. Recently, a lipocalin (MrLC) was isolated from the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and its expression varied with the molting cycle. In this study, knockdown of the MrLC gene by RNA interference (RNAi) was performed and resulted in a shift in body color from blue to orangish red over the entire carapace. By immune‐gold electron microscopy, MrLC was found to co‐localize with the lipid droplets in subepidermal adiose tissue that were found to be decreased dramatically in MrLC knockdown prawns, in which a reduction in relative fat content was also quantified. Furthermore, MrLC was found to specifically bind astaxanthin and molt hormone (20‐hydroxyecdysone) in both in vitro ligand binding assay and in vivo native ligand detection. These results suggested that MrLC plays roles in the regulation of coloration through its association with astaxanthin and may also be involved in the regulation of molting in crustacean. J. Exp. Zool. 315:562–571, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative analysis and chromatographic fingerprinting of the semen zizyphi spinosae by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode‐array detector
Authors: Niu Chunyan , Zhang Jinlan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA simple and sensitive method was developed and validated for fingerprint analysis of semen zizyphi spinosae (SZS) and simultaneous determination of six flavonoids in SZS by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode‐array detector (DAD). The analysis was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 RRHD column. The column was maintained at 40°C and the eluents were monitored with DAD at 270 nm. A gradient elution of acetonitrile and water containing 20 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate was used. The solvent flow rate was 0.4 mL/min. The method was validated. Standard calibration curves showed good linear behaviors (r=1.000) in the range of 0.33–201.00 μg/mL. Acceptable intra‐day precision (RSD<1.9%), inter‐day precision (RSD<4.0%), repeatability (RSD<4.1%) and recovery in the range of 97.4–104% were obtained. The validated method was successfully applied to obtain the chromatographic fingerprints and the contents of six flavonoids in 23 samples of SZS. The principal component analysis (PCA) had been applied for the chromatographic fingerprint analysis and quantitative analysis of six flavonoids to classify and discriminate the 23 samples of SZS. These results demonstrated that the method was very suitable in the analysis and quality control of SZS.
Toward an Improved Description of Constraint Release and Contour Length Fluctuations in Tube Models for Entangled Polymer Melts Guided by Atomistic Simulations
Authors: Stephanou Pavlos S. , Baig Chunggi , Mavrantzas Vlasis G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBy mapping atomistic trajectories accumulated in the course of long molecular dynamics simulations onto the tube model for model mono‐ and bidisperse polyethylene andcis‐1,‐4 andtrans‐1,4‐polybutadiene melts, we have computed contributions to chain dynamics in entangled polymers from pure reptation, contour length fluctuation, and constraint release. We find that the tube diameter is the same in the matrices with molecular weight (MW) above the characteristic valueMefor the formation of entanglements, but becomes larger in the matrices with MW belowMe, in agreement with the Viovy et al. hypothesis. Additional results for the segment survival probability functionψ(s,t) have been used to propose modifications to the dual constraint model of Pattamaprom et al. and to the Leygue et al. model.magnified image
The effect of aging treatments on wear behavior of aluminum matrix functionally graded material under wet and dry sliding conditions
Authors: Ulukoy A. , Topcu M. , Tasgetiren S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study investigated that the effect of aging treatments on wear behavior of functionally graded material (FGM) that was reinforced via being integrated with aluminum 2014 alloy (AlCu4SiMg) and 15 vol% SiC. The specimens were obtained via centrifugal casting technique, and then two different aging treatments were applied. Wear experiments were applied at 1.256 m/s constant sliding velocity, under two different loads and two different sliding distances for each condition via a pin‐on‐disc wear apparatus. The variations that occurred on wear behavior of cast and aged materials were analyzed. The results show that the minimum wear loss values were obtained under dry sliding conditions due to the aging processes. On the other hand, with increasing sliding distances under wet sliding conditions, the aging processes' effect was decreased on wear resistance.
A study of corrosion performance of electroless Ni–P and Ni–W–P coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy
Authors: Liao Y. , Zhang S. T. , Dryfe R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe autocatalytic nature of the electroless nickel‐based alloy coating process will inevitably produce H2 bubbles which may be left in electroless nickel‐based alloy coating. If the H2 cannot be removed and left in the coating, it can lead to its poor corrosion resistance due to hydrogen cracks. So, the post treatment is an essential step for electroless deposition process. In this paper, electroless Ni–P and Ni–W–P coatings with chromium‐free pretreatment and dehydrogenation post treatment have been successfully prepared on AZ91D magnesium alloy, and the corrosion behaviors of the two kind coating samples in NaCl solution, HCl solution, and H2SO4 solution have been investigated. Both the polarization test and immersion tests show that the electroless Ni–W–P coating has better corrosion resistance than that of electroless Ni–P coating.
Evaluation of an experimental urodynamic platform to identify treatment effects: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, crossover study in patients with overactive bladder
Authors: Frenkl Tara , Railkar Radha , Shore Neal , Bailen James , Sutherland Suzette , Burke Joanne , Scott Boyd B. , Ruddy Marcella , Beals Chan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAimsTo evaluate a urodynamic platform designed to identify treatment effects in small numbers of patients after a short duration of treatment using a medication with known efficacy in overactive bladder (OAB).MethodsTwenty women with OAB were randomized in a crossover study with 7‐day treatment periods with either tolterodine 4 mg long‐acting (LA) or placebo and 7‐day washout. Patients underwent urodynamic study (UDS) at baseline, 4‐hr post‐dose on Day 1 (PD1) and 4 hr post‐dose on Day 7 (PD7) in each treatment period. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in volume at maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) at PD7. As a result of dosing errors, some patients allocated to tolterodine in Period 1 mistakenly received placebo on Day 7. The data from the time points at which patients were dosed incorrectly were excluded from the per protocol (PP) analysis.ResultsThe PP and intent to treat (ITT) mean increase in volume at MCC on PD7 for tolterodine compared with placebo was 28.9% (P = 0.038, one‐sided) and 23.2% (P = 0.008, one‐sided), respectively. The PD7 mean increase in volume at first desire to void was 36.5% (P = 0.054, PP) and 40.3% (P = 0.008, ITT). No volume endpoint at PD1 was statistically significant. Of all the endpoints, MCC was the least variable.ConclusionsThis crossover design was able to detect a clinically meaningful and statistically significant treatment effect consistent with the previous reports of tolterodine. Despite multiple urodynamics per patient, the study was able to recruit quickly. This model is valuable for evaluating therapeutic effects for existing and novel treatments for OAB. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:69–74, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developing a new treatment device: How to get an idea to the marketplace
Authors: Dymond Elizabeth , Long Adele , McCarthy Avril , Drake Marcus J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA good idea does not inevitably lead to successful innovation; it needs additional “drivers” and coherent activity of a specialized team. The initial idea needs proof‐of‐concept and prototype testing. Alongside, market review must anticipate future need and competitors, and ensure that no current patents are infringed. The likelihood that reimbursement will be secured and that health systems will “adopt” the device has to be considered. Intellectual property (IP) protection is needed to maintain sole rights to exploit the core concept. Non‐disclosure agreements (NDA) should be put in place, and commercial considerations should be remembered before any disclosure in the public domain, including publications. Prospective business partners will review the concept from many perspectives, including stage of device development, effective IP protection, any clinical trial evidence, and whether the device aligns with their business strategy. Royalties arising from sales of a marketed device are distributed to all parties contributing to its development; the party bearing the greater financial burden of developing the final product will gain the greater share of royalties. The innovator's employer will have a call on proceeds if the idea arose in the course of employment. All stages of development require fastidious documentation to meet requirements of the regulatory authorities responsible for permitting use in patients. Specific regulatory requirements depend on which region(s) of the world the device will be marketed in. This review explains all stages of the innovation pathway from concept to adoption, giving practical advice and signposting expertise relevant to each stage. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:429–436, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conjoined twins pregnancies: experience with 36 cases from a single center
Authors: Brizot M. L. , Liao A. W. , Lopes L. M. , Okumura M. , Marques M. S. , Krebs V. , Schultz R. , Zugaib M. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo review a single center´s experience in the management of twin pregnancies with conjoined fetuses.MethodsRetrospective study describing prenatal findings, delivery details, surgical treatment and perinatal outcome.ResultsThe study included 36 twin pregnancies with conjoined twins seen over a period of 12 years in a single tertiary hospital: 69.4% were thoracopagus, 13.9% parapagus, 8.3% omphaloischiopagus 5.6% omphalopagus and 2.8% cephalopagus. Cardiac defects were present in 91.6% of twin pairs and associated malformations were present in 61.8% of the cases: limb abnormalities in 36.1%, abdominal wall defects in 25.0%, cleft lip and/or palate in 13.9% and congenital diaphragmatic hernia in 5.5%. Surgical separation was considered not feasible and prognosis lethal in 30 (83.3%) cases. Termination of pregnancy was performed in 12 pregnancies of poor prognosis. Cesarean section was performed in all remaining cases. Five sets of twins underwent surgical separation and six children survived. Overall survival in our series was 8.3% and, among the livebirths, 13.6%.ConclusionConjoined twin pregnancies should be referred to tertiary centers for detailed fetal anomaly and echocardiographic assessment to evaluate prognosis and determine the possibility of postnatal surgical separation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solvent‐free inkjet printing process for the fabrication of conductive, transparent, and flexible ionic liquid‐polymer gel structures
Authors: Löffelmann Ute , Wang Nan , Mager Dario , Smith Patrick J. , Korvink Jan G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA new and solvent‐free process for the fabrication of inkjet printed ionic liquid‐polymer gel microstructures with high‐resolution (line widths of ∼40 μm), good electrical conductivity (5–30 mS cm−1), optical transparency, and mechanical flexibility is presented. Carrying out the printing and polymerization process in nitrogen atmosphere eliminates the inhibiting influence of oxygen and guarantees homogeneously gelled structures. Careful selection and combination of ionic liquids (ILs) and unsaturated monomers makes it possible to achieve low viscosities which are printable with commercially available inkjet printers and printheads without adding extra solvents. By using different types and amounts of ILs and monomers the resulting properties of the printed IL‐polymer gels can be controlled in terms of ionic conductivity, optical transmission, and mechanical flexibility. Higher conductivities are possible by using a bifunctional instead of a monofunctional monomer, which allows one to lower the amount of monomer without loss in mechanical strength. Cast samples make it possible to obtain data of transmission (∼90% for 170‐μm thick films) and mechanical flexibility (E = 0.02–0.23 MPa) of bulk material. Comparing electrical conductivity of printed and cast samples, the higher values of printed samples indicate the conductivity enhancing influence of moisture absorbed from the surrounding atmosphere after the fabrication process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Influence of molecular weight on the short‐channel effect in polymer‐based field‐effect transistors
Authors: Tunc Ali Veysel , Ecker Bernhard , Dogruyol Zekeriya , Jüchter Sabrina , Ugur Ahmet Lütfi , Erdogmus Ali , San Sait Eren , Parisi Jürgen , von Hauff Elizabeth 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrate how the intrinsic properties of a polymer can influence the electrical characteristics of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). OFETs fabricated with three batches of poly[2‐methoxy,5‐(3′,7′‐dimethyl‐octyloxy)]‐p‐phenylene vinylene (MDMO‐PPV) were investigated. The properties of the polymers were initially investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), impedance spectroscopy (IS), gel permeation chromotography (GPC), and cyclic voltammetry (CV), respectively. The structure and purity of the polymer batches were found to be very comparable, but the molecular weight (Mn and Mw) and polydispersity (PDI = Mw/Mn), varied between the samples and the HOMO and LUMO levels of the polymers were found to depend on the molecular weight properties. OFETs were then fabricated with the polymers and electrically characterized. It was observed that the channel current and the field‐effect mobility increase with increasing polymer molecular weight. The output characteristics of the transistors, on the other hand, were found to depend on the PDI of the polymer. Saturation of the channel current occurs at higher source–drain voltages and short‐channel behavior was observed to start at longer channel lengths for polymers with a higher PDI. This behavior is observed to be thickness dependent, and the short‐channel behavior was more pronounced for thicker MDMO‐PPV films. These results are explained in terms of influences of chain packing and ordering and high bulk currents on the FET output and transistor parameters. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 50: 117–124, 2012
Transformation of isotactic polypropylene droplets from the mesophase into the α‐phase
Authors: Langhe Deepak S. , Hiltner Anne , Baer Eric 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe structural transformation of homogeneously nucleated metastable mesophase of polypropylene (PP) particles was investigated in this study. We demonstrated the formation of heterogeneity‐free mesophase by slow cooling of the droplets unlike mesophase formation by quenching of the PP melt, which contained large number of bulk nuclei. Submicron size PP droplets were produced by thermal break up of PP and polystyrene layered film assembly. When cooled from melt, the PP droplets crystallized into mesophase at 44 °C revealing granular morphology. Subsequent heating thermogram of the PP particles showed a broad exotherm, which was attributed to the transformation of mesophase into α‐phase. This transformation was investigated during heating by annealing the PP particles at different temperatures. Annealed PP particles were analyzed by means of thermal, morphological and structural properties measurements. Results revealed a two step process for the transformation process. In the first step, the internal rearrangement of PP chains, as against melting and recrystallization of the mesophase, was observed. Since granular morphology was not affected significantly up to 120 °C, it was suggested that translational and rotational motions of PP helices produced ordered α‐phase. In the second step, increment in grain size distribution was observed, when the droplets were annealed at 140 °C. The results were attributed to enhanced chain mobility and merging of the grain boundaries. Annealing at 160 °C revealed the formation of short lamellar structures. Crystal thickening, melting and recrystallization of α‐phase were suggested at high temperature annealing. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
The effect of the functional, basis set, and solvent in the simulation of the geometry and spectroscopic properties of VIVO2+ complexes. chemical and biological applications
Authors: Micera Giovanni , Garribba Eugenio 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe geometry of 32 VIVO2+ complexes with different donor set, electric charge, geometry, arrangement of the ligands with respect to the VO bond and type of ligand was calculated by density functional theory methods. 32 VO, 45 VO, 16 VOH, 40 VN, 24 VS, and 14 VCl bonds were examined. The performance of several functionals (B3LYP, B3P86, B3PW91, HCTH, TPSS, PBE0, and MPW1PW91), keeping constant the Pople triple‐zeta basis sets 6‐311g, was tested. The order of accuracy of the functional in the prediction of the bond distances, expressed in terms of mean of the deviation Δd (Δd = dcalcd − dexptl) and absolute deviation |Δd| (|Δd| = |dcalcd − dexptl|) from the experimental values and of the corresponding standard deviations (SD(Δd) and SD(|Δd|)), is: B3P86 ∼ PBE0 ∼ MPW1PW91 > B3PW91 ≫ TPSS > B3LYP ≫ HCTH. In the gas phase the prediction of VO, VO, VN bond lengths is rather good, but that of VOH, VS and VCl distances is by far worse. An improvement in the optimization of VS and VCl lengths is reached by adding polarization and diffuse functions on the sulfur and chlorine atoms. Finally, a general improvement in the prediction of all the calculated bond lengths and angles is obtained by simulating the structures in the solvent where they are isolated within the framework of the polarizable continuum model. The last choice allows also to improve the prediction of structural (the deviation of a penta‐coordinate geometry toward the trigonal bipyramid) and spectroscopic parameters (51V and 14N hyperfine coupling constants and 14N nuclear quadrupolar coupling constant). In most of the cases, the structures optimized in solution closely approach the experimental ones and this can be of great help in the simulations of naturally occurring vanadium compounds and metal site of V‐proteins, like amavadin and the reduced form of vanadium bromoperoxidase (VBrPO). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus: target, mechanism of action, and therapeutic potential
Authors: Coughlin Melissa M. , Prabhakar Bellur S. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThe emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) led to a rapid response not only to contain the outbreak but also to identify possible therapeutic interventions, including the generation of human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs). hmAbs may be used therapeutically without the drawbacks of chimeric or animal Abs. Several different methods have been used to generate SARS‐CoV specific neutralizing hmAbs including the immunization of transgenic mice, cloning of small chain variable regions from naïve and convalescent patients, and the immortalization of convalescent B cells. Irrespective of the techniques used, the majority of hmAbs specifically reacted with the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein and likely prevented receptor binding. However, several hmAbs that can bind to epitopes either within the RBD, located N terminal of the RBD or in the S2 domain, and neutralize the virus with or without inhibiting receptor binding have been identified. Therapeutic utility of hmAbs has been further elucidated through the identification of potential combinations of hmAbs that could neutralize viral variants including escape mutants selected using hmAbs. These results suggest that a cocktail of hmAbs that can bind to unique epitopes and have different mechanisms of action might be of clinical utility against SARS‐CoV infection, and indicate that a similar approach may be applied to treat other viral infections. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.