bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P01-54 - Stability Over Time in the Diagnosis of Functional Psychoses
Authors: Lazarescu M. , Durla A. , Tuculan A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo study the evolution of Functional Psychoses through continual supervision.Material and methodA sample of 123 cases with Functional Psychotic Disorder were studied, observed and treated continually by the same team in the framework of the STEPF project that studies the evolution of psychoses through a Case Register established and exploited since 1985. The average period of evolution was 13 years. We studied the metamorphosis of the diagnosis over time in correlation with the demographic parameters and therapy.ResultsThe stability of the diagnosis, in the sense of persistence of the first year diagnosis, was: Schizophrenia (41 cases) - 85%; Bipolar Disorder (22 cases) - 81%; Recurrent Depressive Disorder (20 cases) - 100%; Persistent Delusional Disorder (10 cases) - 80%; Paranoid Depressive Disorder (11 cases) - 27%. The majority of changes in the diagnosis happen during the first 5 years of illness. The last 10 years see changes in approximately 30% of the cases.ConclusionThe stability over time of the diagnosis of Functional Psychoses is relative.
P01-55 - Melancholic Personality and Resistant Depression
Authors: Ledo Rubio A.I. , Coullaut Valera J. , Arrue Ruiloba R.D. , Coullaut Valera R. , Uribe Ladrón de Cegama F. , Blanco Garrote J.A. , Arbizia I. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionPersonality (according to Cloninger) responds to Biological aspects (temperamental) and Psychosocial (characterological), thereby forming the complex pattern of human behavior. High level of avoidance of harm and stiffness are factors associated with depressive disorders, closely linked to the Serotoninergic System. Melancholicus Typus (MT) is characterizes by its seriousness, scrupulousness of conscience, perfectionism, responsibility and order at all levels among other features.ObjectiveDevelop an inventory psychometrically to assess the influence of personality traits Melancholicus Typus in the appearance of resistant depression throughout life.MethodRetrospective observational study. We designed a questionnaire with a total of 70 items that shaped the personality of Melancholicus Typus. We explored the internal consistency using statistical factor analysis, as well as discriminate validity of these. This questionnaire was applied to the sample of 100 patients signed informed consent prior. They met criteria for inclusion/exclusion. The patient population is from the Institute of Psychiatry Rafael Coullaut. Madrid.ConclusionThe existence of personality traits of Melancholicus Typus identifies a vulnerability to developing relevant resistant depression over the life of individuals. The inventory developed for this study is a useful test to assess personality traits such as Melancholicus Typus both clinical populations and general population.ResultsThe scale shows good construct validity, as well as good internal consistency through correlations Item/Total. The reliability of the scale is high.
P01-56 - Screening for Heavy Drinking among the Depressed
Authors: Levola J. , Aalto M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesHeavy drinking commonly complicates treatment of depression. This study evaluated how the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and its abbreviations perform in mild and moderate depression.MethodsIn a subsample (2086/4020, response rate 51.9 %) of the National FINRISK 2007 Study a modified Beck Depression Inventory (short form) was administered to evaluate depression. The AUDIT, AUDIT-C and AUDIT-3 were tested against the gold standard of heavy drinking according to the definition of the World Health Organization calculated from the Timeline Followback.ResultsMild depression was found in 32 % of men and 40 % of women, moderate depression in 13 % and 18 %, respectively. In the mildly depressed, 44 % of men and 30 % of women were defined as heavy drinkers, in the moderately depressed 49 % and 27 %, respectively.The AUDIT and AUDIT-C performed consistently in mild and moderate depression. The optimal cut-offs (sensitivity and specificity ≥ 0.75) for men were of ≥ 8 or ≥ 9 for the AUDIT and ≥ 6 for AUDIT-C. The optimal cut-offs for women were ≥ 5 for the AUDIT and ≥ 4 for AUDIT-C. The AUDIT-3 did not perform well in women, but in men a good level of sensitivity and specificity was reached with a cut-off of ≥ 2.ConclusionsThe AUDIT and AUDIT-C performed well in screening for heavy drinking among the depressed. In depressed men, the AUDIT-3 i.e. a single question was efficacious in detecting heavy drinking. The need for sex-specific cut-offs was highlighted.
P01-57 - Analysis of Pooled Safety Data from three Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Studies of Adjunctive Aripiprazole in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Loze J.-Y. , Gismondi R. , McQuade R. , Carson W. , Berman R. 
Published: June 2010

PurposeTo evaluate the safety of aripiprazole as adjunctive treatment in major depressive disorder (MDD) without psychotic features within different patient subgroups.MethodsData were pooled from three multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (CN138-139, CN138-163 and CN138-165). Patients who did not respond adequately to an 8-week course of standard ADT were randomized to receive adjunctive aripiprazole or placebo for a further 6 weeks. To assess differences in the adverse events (AE) profile of aripiprazole for demographic subgroups, the incidence of AEs was presented for the pooled placebo-controlled MDD studies by gender, age, and race. An odds ratio (OR) estimate was calculated and the ORs compared across all categories using the Breslow-Day test for AEs with incidence ≥5% in the pooled aripiprazole group.ResultsIn total, 14.3% of aripiprazole-treated patients and 12.5% of placebo-treated patients discontinued treatment. Treatment-emergent AEs were reported by 65.4% and 82.3% in the adjunctive placebo and adjunctive aripiprazole groups, respectively. Most aripiprazole-related AEs were, however, mild to moderate in severity. With the exception of blurred vision, which occurred in white patients only (p=0.002), there were no significant differences in the incidence of treatment-emergent AEs across different age groups, racial groups or between the genders in the aripiprazole- and placebo-treated groups.ConclusionAdjunctive aripiprazole was generally well tolerated and most treatment-emergent AEs were of mild to moderate severity. The AEs profile of adjunctive aripiprazole did not show significant variation in relation to age, gender or race, compared with that of placebo.
P01-58 - Adjunctive Aripiprazole in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: Pooled Data on Functioning from three Clinical Trials
Authors: Loze J.-Y. , Gismondi R. , Baker R. , Nashat M. , Corey-Lisle P. , Rollin L. , Tran Q.-V. , Forbes R. , Berman R. , Marcus R. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of aripiprazole adjunctive antidepressant therapy (ADT) with regard to functioning in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who did not achieve an adequate response with standard ADT.MethodsPooled data were analyzed from three nearly identically designed randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials: CN138-139, CN138-163 and CN138-165. These included patients with MDD, without psychotic features, who had failed at least one ADT treatment in the present episode. Patients completing an 8-week prospective ADT phase with inadequate response were randomized to 6-weeks’ treatment with adjunctive aripiprazole (n=508) or placebo (n=494). Functioning was assessed using the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Comparisons of mean change from baseline in total SDS score, and domains of family life, social life and work/school were performed using ANCOVA.ResultsAdjunctive aripiprazole produced significant improvements in total SDS (-1.2 on an adjusted scale of 1-10, with 10=worst level of functioning/1=best) vs adjunctive placebo (-0.7, p< 0.001). Adjunctive aripiprazole produced significant changes in the family life domain (-1.4 for adjunctive aripiprazole vs -0.7 for adjunctive placebo, p< 0.001) and the social life domain (-1.4 for adjunctive aripiprazole vs -0.7 for adjunctive placebo, p< 0.001). No difference between groups was observed on the work/school domain (-0.8 for adjunctive aripiprazole and -0.6 for adjunctive placebo, p=0.34).ConclusionsAdjunctive aripiprazole showed significant improvements in overall SDS scores, and family and social life domains. Less change was observed in the work/school domain. The results emphasize that assessment of patient functioning may have utility both in clinical trials and clinical practice.
P01-62 - An Audit Comparing Suicidality Rates between Antidepressant Monotherapies Prescribed for Unipolar Depression
Authors: Agius M. , Gardner J. , Liu K. , Zaman R. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundIt has been demonstrated that there are differences in efficacy and acceptability of commonly prescribed anti-depressants (Cipriani et al. 2009). Escitalopram, sertraline, venlafaxine and mirtazapine were the most effective.ObjectivesWe wished to see whether our own data showed similar outcomes to the data from the metanalysis using decrease in suicidality as an outcome measure.AimTo compare the efficacy of anti-depressant monotherapies in patients with unipolar depression at Bedford Hospital, using suicidality (suicidal ideation and behaviour) as the outcome measure.MethodWe included all patients with unipolar depression on an antidepressant monotherapy in Bedford hospital in our analysis (145 in total). We examined the clinical notes for each patient to assess whether they demonstrated suicidality after being prescribed the antidepressant. This allowed us to calculate rates of suicidality for each antidepressant monotherapy.ResultsThe prescription of sertraline was associated with the greatest reduction in suicidality, closely followed by citalopram.DiscussionOur results support the findings of the meta-analysis. None of the patients on Escitalopram expressed suicidality, so a reduction in suicidality rates could not be demonstrated for this monotherapy.ConclusionThis audit in a small group of patients suggests that sertraline is associated with the greatest reduction in suicidality compared to the other monotherapies prescribed.
P01-66 - Comorbidity of Bipolar Disorder and Obsessive-compulsive Disorder -Case Study
Authors: Martins A. , Moreira R. , Silva A. 
Published: June 2010

The association between Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder has been suggested since Morel (1860) who described obsessive-compulsive symptoms among bipolar patients. Pierre Janet (1898) created the concept of Psychasthénie, in which he included: obsessions and impulsions, most of anxious and phobic symptoms, some delusional states, some forms of periodic depression and episodic mood disorders. Other classic authors have mentioned this comorbidity.According to more recent studies, the prevalence of OCD among patients diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder varies from 16 to 35%. On the other hand some obsessive patients seem to present a Cyclothymic OCD, pointing to a co-morbid Bipolar Disorder.The authors present one case study of a 50-year-old Caucasian male with present diagnostic of Bipolar Disorder and previous history of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.This comorbidity constitutes a diagnostic challenge with therapeutic implications. Sometimes the obsessive symptoms are underdiagnosed at the depressed patient delaying the adequate treatment with anti-obsessive agents. The bipolar OCD has deficient response to antidepressants and usually requires treatment with a mood stabilizer.
P01-68 - Factors Associated to Course of Symptoms in Bipolar Disorder: Acutely Depressed Versus Subthreshold Mixed Patients
Authors: Mazza M. , Mandelli L. , Di Nicola M. , Martinotti G. , Harnic D. , Bruschi A. , Catalano V. , Tedeschi D. , Colombo R. , Bria P. , Serretti A. , Janiri L. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe purpose of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of the clinical characteristics of the bipolar spectrum by examining factors associated to course of symptoms in BP patients. We evaluated differences between acutely depressed versus subthreshold mixed patients.Methods90 depressed patients (Group 1, HDRS: 18.2±4.6, YMRS: 1.4±2.9) and 41 patients presenting a mixed subthreshold symptomathology (Group 2, HDRS: 9.1±3.2, YMRS: 9.6±6.4) were included in the study. All patients underwent structured diagnostic interviews for axis I and axis II disorders (SCID-I, SCID-II) and have been submitted to psychometric assessment with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Global Assessment Scale (GAS), Social Adjustment Self-reported Scale (SASS), Quality of Life Scale (QoL), at baseline and repeated follow-up (1, 3, 6, 12 months). Personality dimensions were evaluated by Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R).ResultsThe most important result is the slight increase in depressive symptoms in subthreshold mixed patients after 3 months of treatment. These patients were more likely diagnosed as BP-I, were non-SUD patients and/or non-comorbid for axis II personality disorders and had a shorter duration of current episode prior intake. Measures of social and functional adjustment were not different in the two groups, though a slight trend for depressed patients to report a poorer quality of life. No difference in personality traits were observed among the two samples.ConclusionsOur study confirms the importance of considering subthreshold symptoms in the evaluation and treatment of patients with Bipolar Disorder.
P01-72 - Depression and Neuropsychological Functions in Different Stages of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Messinis L. , Lyros E. , Papathanasiou T. , Andrian V. , Papathanasopoulos P. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe issue of the association between depression and neurocognitive functions is of special interest due to the strong relation between primary depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments, but this relationship in PD is far from clear at present.ObjectivesTo examine the influence of depression on cognitive and speech performance in various stages of PD.MethodsForty four patients with PD were recruited from the neurology department, University Hospital of Patras in Greece. All patients satisfied PDSBB criteria and dementia was ruled out (MMSE < 24) in all cases. Patients were then divided into six groups, based on severity of PD symptoms and presence of depression. Stage of disease severity was determined using the Hoehn - Yahr Rating Scale. Presence and severity of depression was established using the Beck Depression Inventory and DSM -IV-TR diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder and dysthymia. Patients were further assessed with a detailed neuropsychological battery and the dysarthria examination battery. All patients were receiving standard medications for their PD symptoms.ResultsDeficits in executive functions, prosody and speech intelligibility were most profound in the late stage depressed PD group. Phonetic impairments were most profound across all stages compared to articulatory and prosodic impairments.ConclusionsDepressed mood may exacerbate cognitive and speech impairments and affective variables should be an integral part in the treatment of PD in all stages of the disease process, but especially in the later stages.
P01-84 - Deep Brain Stimulation, Electroconvulsive Therapy, or Both? A Two Case Report
Authors: Portella M.J. , Puigdemont D. , Pérez-Egea R. , de Diego-Adeliño J. , Molet J. , Gironell A. , Alvarez E. , Pérez V. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) cannot always be effective for Treatment Resistant Depression. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a procedure that involves the direct implantation of stimulation electrodes in localized brain regions with the aim of modulating local and connected abnormal activity, has recently been gaining momentum as an alternative treatment modality for the most severe TRD patients. However, there is minimal experience with ECT in patients who have undergone DBS procedures.MethodsWe present two cases of patients who remitted from TRD after SCG-DBS, and some months after they suffered a relapse that was treated with ECT.ResultsBefore DBS intervention, ECT was not capable to sustain response more than two weeks beyond and was even bad tolerated by these patients. DBS was effective for both patients until a severe relapse occurred (after 4 and 14 months, respectively). Optimization of medication did not elicit response, given the seriousness of symptoms and their previous treatment resistance. Therefore, neurostimulator was turned off in order to administer ECT to both patients. After usual series of sessions set at corresponding parameters over 3 weeks, using bitemporal electrode placement, the episode remitted. Deep brain stimulator was turned on again, and they were in remission until the present moment.ConclusionsThe use of ECT proved to be effective without adverse effects to the patients or to the DBS hardware. The modulation of SCG activity and its downstream targets might also serve as a trigger for the therapeutic effect of formerly useful or even never-effective antidepressant strategies.
P01-85 - Monitoring of Urea and Electrolytes in Older Mental Health on Antidepressants with co Morbid Risk Factors
Authors: Reddy H. 
Published: June 2010

Most Antidepressants have been associated with hyponatremia.The mechanism of this adverse effect is probably due the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti diuretic hormone(SIADH).Hyponatremia is a rare but potentially serious adverse effect of anti depressants that demands careful monitoring in those patients at risk. It has been suggested that sertonergic drugs are relatively more likely to cause Hyponatremia.Risk factors:Extreme old AgeHistory of HyponatremiaCo- therapy with other drugs known to be associated with HyponatremiaReduced renal functionMedical Co morbidity.ObjectivesTo monitor baseline investigations like urea and electrolytes at 0 weeks, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 3 months when starting antidepressants, documentation of co morbid medical conditions, past history of Hyponatremia and monitoring of risk factors.MethodologyA total of 17 patients were randomly selected and the case notes were reviewed for demographic details, diagnosis, type and dose of Antidepressant, co morbid medical condition, risk factors and details of investigation at base line and follow up appointments.Results:-41% had baseline investigations, 18%at 2 weeks, 12% at 4 weekly and 6% at 3 monthly.-6% had Abnormal Blood results and one patient was referred to medicine.-None of these patients had developed Hyponatraemia.Conclusions47% patients had depression, 6% had bipolar affective disorder, 6% had Dementia, 6% had Mixed Anxiety Disorder, 12 % had vascular dementia and 6 % had Psychotic Depression.24% of the patients were on diuretics, 12% on NSIADS, 6% each on Carbamazepine and Cancer Chemotherapy.
P01-88 - Evaluation of the Rate of Depression between out Addict Patients and Healthy Poeople in Ardabil, Iran
Authors: Rezaei Ghalechi E. , Kazemi R. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundOur main goal of this study is the investigation of depression prevalence between addict people and normal people. We decided to show main emotional problems of addict people.MethodsThis investigation is a descriptive study that 30 normal people and 30 addict people as the accident samples by Beck Depression inventory test and with clustered way are collected. We have gained results by SPSS and statistical analysis.ResultsOur study shows that 33.3% of people are normal and 66.7% of our cases are depressed, 51.7% are married and 51.2% poor, 36.7% young, 31.7% low grade educations and finally 83.3% of them are employed. 45% of cases have major depression.DiscussionOur research explains that there isn’t meaningful relation between depression, age, occupation, marriage situation, income and education status of addict people and their addiction. We suggest decreasing the reasons of depression in humans.
P01-90 - Depression and Anxiety in Caregivers
Authors: Ruiz Peña M. , Iglesias Hernández M.I. , Madueño Caro A.J. , Fernández Crespo M.T. , Barros Rubio C. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in caregivers of dependent grade II and III of a health center. Calculate the perceived social support for caregivers. Estimating the degree of caregiver stress. Assess the socio-demographic factors associated.DesignDescriptive and transversal.ScopePrimary Health Care.SubjectsWe selected 55 dependent caregivers grade II and III consecutive sample, according to the law of dependence, belonging to the health center Algeciras-North and were registered in the database of the Center on January 31, 2009. Exclude those who would not participate in the study, did not understand the Spanish language or could not contact with them.MethodWe conducted through a questionnaire that contained heteroadministrated Hamilton scales for depression and anxiety, social support scale of the Duke, caregiver overload of Zarit and sociodemographic variables. The accomplishment was held at the home of the caregiver.ResultsWe detected the presence of depressive disorders in 47.3% (95% 14,6-39%) respondents and anxiety disorders in 25.5% (95% 23-6-61,1%). 36.4% (CI 95% 23,8-50,4%) of caregivers had low social support and overhead was 57.1% (CI 95% 43,2-70,9%).ConclusionsCaregivers of Dependent grade II and III in our area are at risk of depressive disorders and anxiety. At the same time, they feel helpless, so we think it would be interesting to be given greater attention from health centers in order to identify them early.
P01-92 - Early Changes are Associated with late Changes of BDNF Serum Levels in Inpatients with Major Depression During Short-term Antidepressant Treatment
Authors: Schlicht K.F. , Wagner S. , Peetz D. , Borysenko L. , Krannich D. , Bernius A. , Hiemke C. , Lieb K. , Tadić A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesMean BDNF serum concentration is lower in patients with major depression (MD) as compared to healthy controls. BDNF increases during the course of antidepressant treatment. This increase has been associated with symptom amelioration. The aim of this study was to analyse the relation between early and late BDNF changes during antidepressant treatment.MethodsForty-six patients with MD according to DSM-IV were included for this study. Patients were treated as clinically indicated. Depression severity was assessed by HAMD-17 by trained raters from baseline to week 6 in weekly intervals. Serum at each visit (baseline, V1-V6) was obtained from whole blood after centrifugation with 1.000 × g for 15 minutes. Aliquots were frozen at −80°C until analysis. BDNF serum concentration was determined with ELISA (R&D Systems). We analysed correlations between early changes of BDNF level (baseline to weeks 1 and 2) with BDNF changes in the later course of treatment (change from baseline to weeks 4, 5 and 6). Further, the association between early and late BDNF changes was calculated by means of linear regression analysis.ResultsThere was a high correlation between BDNF changes in the early course of treatment and final BDNF changes (p< 0.05 for each analysis). Early BDNF changes accounted for a high percentage of the variance of late BDNF changes (p< 0.05 for each analysis).ConclusionsThese results suggest that an early change of BDNF serum level is predictive for BDNF change in the later course of antidepressant treatment in patients with Major Depression.