bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Alcoholic Extract of the Plant Conyza bonariensis on the Parasite Hymenolepis nana in Albino Mice Infected with it Experimentally
Authors: Shahatha S S , Mousa M O , Ayyed I M , Outhman N Y , Dhulkefl A J , Othman O M , Mukhlif F H 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of an alcoholic extract of the Mountain grass plant Conyza bonariensis on adults of the dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis nana in albino mice infected with it experimentally, where Albino mice of the strain Balb/C were infected with these worms experimentally, it was divided into 5 groups, each group consisting of 6 rats, where the first group (control) was given distilled water only. As for the other groups, they were dosed with different concentrations of the alcoholic extract of the plant 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, The last group was given 15 mg/kg of Niclosamide in one dose per day for 13 days. The results showed the effective effect of the concentrations of the alcoholic extract and the drug Niclosamide in the treatment of albino mice, and it produced a high therapeutic efficiency of 100%, with a variation in the period required for complete treatment and complete elimination of helminths, where the highest concentration of 200 mg/kg and the use of the drug led to a complete recovery of the infected Albino mice during the ninth day of treatment, and it was noted that the worm eggs disappeared from the swabs of the treated mice, while the infection continued in the control group until the thirteenth day, then died after that.
The role of FASL gene polymorphism (rs: 763110), its serum level and IL21 level with incidence of psoriasis in Iraqi patients
Authors: Mohammed joodi Zena , Qasim Hasan Al-Saadi Basima 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disease with systemic pro-inflammatory can defined by keratinocyte hyper proliferation. FASL gene cell surface death receptor which is important in apoptosis mediated by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. The goals of current study is design to investigate genotyping of the FASL gene (Fas ligand gene) -844 T>C (rs:763110), evaluate its serum level and to estimate level of IL-21correlated with incidence of psoriasis in Iraqi patients. 100 blood samples collected from December 2022 to February 2023, blood samples split into two groups first 50 psoriasis patients (30 males and 20 females) with age range (17-66years) and second group 50 Apparently healthy as control group (24 males 26 females) with age range (20-60 years) visit the Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital’s Department of Dermatology in Iraq/Baghdad. (HRM–PCR) Technique was use for the investigation of gene polymorphism of the FASL gene (rs763110). While EIISA technique used to estimate serum level of each FASL gene and IL-21 in serum. The result of FASL gene polymorphism revealed that there are three genotype (TT),(TC),(CC). There was no significant difference, between (TC) and (CC) genotype In the FASLG -844 and between the psoriasis and control groups. Moreover there was correlation between genotyping and serum level for FASL (rs763110) gene in that (TC) genotype serum level show significant different from (CC) genotype serum level with p-value (P≤0.05) as well as the FASL serum level in patient which represent high significantly different between psoriasis patients when compared to the healthy controls with p-value (P≤0.01). While result of IL21 serum level in psoriasis patients revealed high significant different with p-value (P≤0.01) vs healthy control with high significant different in sever psoriatic patient vs mild and healthy control with p value (P≤0.01).
Total Organic Carbon Percentage and Texture of Sediments in Tigris River
Authors: Al-Hasani AL-Hassaneen , Al-Hejuje Makia M. , Al-saad Hamid T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Total organic carbon has a significant impact on both chemical and biological processes occurring in sediments, while sediments texture refers to the size of the particles that make up the soil. Sediments samples were collected from four stations along the southern part of the Tigris River seasonally (two months per season) during the period August, 2022 to July, 2023) to measure the TOC% and determine the sediments texture. Results show that the highest percentage of total organic carbon (1.21%) was recorded in the first station in the Al-Majar station during the summer season. Also, the lowest total organic carbon value was recorded in the first station in the Al-Majar (0.18%) during the autumn season.
The study showed the presence of small amounts of clay and starting from the Al-Majar and rising down to Qurna, while the silt increases in the same direction, and it has been observed that there is a significant rise in the amount of sand from the first station and gradually decreases as we head towards the Qurna in Basra, which may be due to human activity or because of mud deposits that increase towards the south.
Comparative analysis of sliding wear behaviour of A356 nanocomposites using response surface methodology and artificial neural network approaches
Authors: N Kiran Kumar , Chethan D , Sarada B N , Yeshvantha H S , Gouda Hanamantray 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The present study is aimed at analysing the predictive capacity of response surface methodology and artificial neural network of wear behaviour of A356/Al2O3 nanocomposites. In order to develop nanocomposites with different Al2O3 content the mechanical milling and powder metallurgy routes were adopted. The wear testing experiments were conducted using pin on disc tribometer to study the influence of parameters such as Al2O3 content, load, sliding speed and distance on wear loss. The testing was conducted based on the experimental design generated through Taguchi’s L27 technique. The response surface methodology and artificial neural network were used to predict the wear loss of A356 nanocomposites and comparative analysis was performed to analyse the predictive capability of these two techniques. Analysis of variance results showed significant influence of sliding speed on the wear loss while impact of sliding distance was minimal. The average relative error between the artificial neural network predicted and experimental value was 4.861% while for response surface methodology it was 9.307%. This comparative analysis indicated better predicting capacity for artificial neural network model. Worn surface analysis showed dominant abrasion and mild delamination as wear mechanisms for both unreinforced and nanocomposite samples.
Experimental and finite element investigation on bolted connection in monolithic 3-dimensional cuff with pultruded box section
Authors: Kajendran Perumal , Narayanan Pannirselvam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article presents a concise and practical research study on the application of pultruded GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) hollow sections in structural engineering. Experimental and computational investigations are conducted on the utilization of GFRP cuff components for joining tubular pultruded fiber-reinforced polymer (PFRP) beams and columns. Both adhesive bonding and bolted connections are explored for connecting PFRP box sections of beam-column interfaces. The study investigates twelve series of beam-to-column connections under monotonic loading conditions, varying cuff geometry. A finite element model is developed to represent the pultruded fiber-reinforced polymer box sections, columns, and cuff sections. The model’s accuracy in depicting frame stiffness and cuff damage patterns, considering different thicknesses and lengths of GFRP cuff connections, is validated against experimental test frame behavior. This research fills a gap in scientific inquiry regarding GFRP hollow profiles, providing valuable insights for structural engineering applications.
Enhancing surface integrity and performance of EDM with sustainable dielectrics and electrode modifications
Authors: Rakshaskar Rajnitu , C Kannan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A common non-traditional method for precise machining of hard materials is electro-discharge machining (EDM). The efficiency and surface quality in the EDM process are decided by the design and type of the electrodes. Because of its lightweight, cost-effectiveness and easy machinability, aluminium is employed in a wide range of applications. In this work, AlSi10Mg electrodes are manufactured by different processing routes such as 3D printing, casting, and extrusion. Different characterization techniques are carried out to determine the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of all differently processed aluminium alloy electrodes. The processing route influence during the EDM of Ti-6Al-4V is evaluated with different levels of operating parameters using conventional EDM oil and lemon peel biodiesel as dielectrics. The experiments are performed with 3 different levels of current (Ip) and pulse on time (Ton) with a constant voltage. The output responses viz. material removal rate (MRR), Tool wear rate (TWR), average surface roughness (Ra) and white layer thickness (WLT) are considered to compare the EDM performance exhibited by differently processed aluminium alloy electrodes. The 3D printed aluminium alloy electrode produces about 23% less TWR and 18% improved surface quality than the conventional (extruded) electrode. The performance exhibited by the cast aluminium alloy electrode is sub-optimal when compared to electrodes processed by the other two routes. The microscopic examination revealed that WLT could be reduced to the extent of about 29% and 39% with 3D printed AlSi10Mg electrodes when compared with extruded and cast electrodes. The present study concluded that a 3D printed electrode with lemon peel dielectric is the most preferable combination for high surface finish operation.
Fragility crossover mediated by covalent-like electronic interactions in metallic liquids
Authors: Zhang Hui-Ru , Gao Liang , Ye Yu-Hao , Zhang Jia-Xin , Zhang Tao , Bu Qing-Zhou , Yang Qun , Zhu Zeng-Wei , Wei Shuai , Yu Hai-Bin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Fragility is one of the central concepts in glass and liquid sciences, as it characterizes the extent of deviation of viscosity from Arrhenius behavior and is linked to a range of glass properties. However, the intervention of crystallization often prevents the assessment of fragility in poor glass-formers, such as supercooled metallic liquids. Hence experimental data on their compositional dependence are scarce, let alone fundamentally understood. In this work, we use fast scanning calorimetry to overcome this obstacle and systematically study the fragility in a ternary La–Ni–Al system, over previously inaccessible composition space. We observe fragility dropped in a small range with the Al alloying, indicating an alloying-induced fragility crossover. We use x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, resistance measurements, electronic structure calculations, and DFT-based deep-learning atomic simulations to investigate the cause of this fragility drop. These results show that the fragility crossover can be fundamentally ascribed to the electronic covalency associated with the unique Al–Al interactions. Our findings provide insight into the origin of fragility in metallic liquids from an electronic structure perspective and pave a new way for the design of metallic glasses.
Reform and Its Perils in Contemporary Islam
Authors: Oweidat Nadia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This book is an intellectual history and thematic survey of the prominent Muslim scholar Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, one of the twentieth century’s foremost Islamic modernists. Reform and Its Perils in Contemporary Islam presents a critical analysis of Abu Zayd’s thought as representative of a modernist intellectual trend that aims to reinterpret central aspects of the Islamic tradition to render it more conducive to modern conceptions of religion, society, and politics. This study contextualizes Abu Zayd’s thought by situating him both within his modernist intellectual milieu and in opposition to his numerous critics. In addition, it elucidates and provides summary translations of Arabic texts which remain largely unknown to Western audiences. The position of advocates for humanist values in the Middle East continues to be perilous, a reality that deprives wider audiences around the world of their unique perspectives. The case of the Egyptian scholar Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd (1943–2010) illustrates the hostility faced by modernist intellectuals who attempt to subject the Islamic tradition to academic scrutiny. A professor of Islamic thought in the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at Cairo University, as well as a practicing Muslim, Abu Zayd became well known in Egypt and beyond when the Egyptian Court of Appeals declared him an apostate in 1995, a judgment that, in mainstream interpretations of Islamic law, can carry the death penalty. To protect his life and that of his wife, Abu Zayd fled to the Netherlands. With Abu Zayd as a case study, this book analyzes the intellectual trend that argues that there can be a positive relationship between modernity and Islam. It also examines the obstacles to reforming Islamic thought, whether from oppressive regimes, intolerant religion, or intellectual argumentation.
DEGAP: Dynamic elongation of a genome assembly path
Authors: Huang Yicheng , Wang Ziyuan , Schmidt Monica A , Su Handong , Xiong Lizhong , Zhang Jianwei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Genome assembly remains to be a major task in genomic research. Despite the development over the past decades of different assembly software programs and algorithms, it is still a great challenge to assemble a complete genome without any gaps. With the latest DNA circular consensus sequencing (CCS) technology, several assembly programs can now build a genome from raw sequencing data to contigs; however, some complex sequence regions remain as unresolved gaps. Here, we present a novel gap-filling software, DEGAP (Dynamic Elongation of a Genome Assembly Path), that resolves gap regions by utilizing the dual advantages of accuracy and length of high-fidelity (HiFi) reads. DEGAP identifies differences between reads and provides ‘GapFiller’ or ‘CtgLinker’ modes to eliminate or shorten gaps in genomes. DEGAP adopts an iterative elongation strategy that automatically and dynamically adjusts parameters according to three complexity factors affecting the genome to determine the optimal extension path. DEGAP has already been successfully applied to decipher complex genomic regions in several projects and may be widely employed to generate more gap-free genomes.
Rapid Diagnostic Tests and Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs for the Management of Bloodstream Infection: What Is Their Relative Contribution to Improving Clinical Outcomes? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Peri Anna Maria , Chatfield Mark D , Ling Weiping , Furuya-Kanamori Luis , Harris Patrick N A , Paterson David L 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundEvidence about the clinical impact of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections is limited, and whether RDT are superior to conventional blood cultures (BCs) embedded within antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) is unknown.MethodsWe performed network meta-analyses using results from studies of patients with bloodstream infection with the aim of comparing the clinical impact of RDT (applied on positive BC broth or whole blood) to conventional BC, both assessed with and without ASP with respect to mortality, length of stay (LOS), and time to optimal therapy.ResultsEighty-eight papers were selected, including 25 682 patient encounters. There was an appreciable amount of statistical heterogeneity within each meta-analysis. The network meta-analyses showed a significant reduction in mortality associated with the use of RDT + ASP versus BC alone (odds ratio [OR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], .59–.87) and with the use of RDT + ASP versus BC + ASP (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, .63–.96). No benefit in survival was found associated with the use of RDT alone nor with BC + ASP compared to BC alone. A reduction in LOS was associated with RDT + ASP versus BC alone (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, .84–.98) whereas no difference in LOS was shown between any other groups. A reduced time to optimal therapy was shown when RDT + ASP was compared to BC alone (−29 hours; 95% CI, −35 to −23), BC + ASP (−18 hours; 95% CI, −27 to −10), and to RDT alone (−12 hours; 95% CI, −20 to −3).ConclusionsThe use of RDT + ASP may lead to a survival benefit even when introduced in settings already adopting effective ASP in association with conventional BC.
Effect of absolute blood volume measurement–guided fluid management on the incidence of intradialytic hypotension-associated events: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jongejan Micha , Gelinck Armin , van Geloven Nan , Dekker Friedo W , Vleming Louis Jean 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Ultrafiltration to target weight during haemodialysis is complicated by intradialytic hypotension-associated adverse events (IHAAEs) in 10–30% of dialysis treatments. IHAAEs are caused by critical reductions in absolute blood volume (ABV), due to the interaction of ultrafiltration, refill and compensatory mechanisms. Non-randomised studies have suggested that ABV-guided treatment, using an indicator dilution technique employing the blood volume monitor on the dialysis machine, could reduce the incidence of IHAAEs.

Methods
We performed an open-label randomised controlled trial. Patients were randomly assigned to adjustment of target weight guided by ABV measurements or standard care. The primary outcome was the change in the incidence of IHAAEs from baseline, defined as the percentage of treatment episodes in a 4-week period where the patient had a systolic blood pressure &lt;90 mmHg or symptoms of impending hypotension. ABV measurements were compared with anthropomorphometric estimation and the gold standard using isotope dilution.

Results
A total of 56 patients were randomised, of whom 29 were allocated to ABV-guided treatment and 27 to standard care. Overall baseline incidence of IHAAEs was 26.0%. ABV-guided treatment significantly reduced the incidence of IHAAEs compared with standard care, with a mean change from baseline of −9.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) −17.3 to −1.8) versus 2.4% (95% CI −2.3–7.2). The adjusted difference between the groups was 10.5% (95% CI 1.3–19.8; P = .026). ABV measurement had moderate agreement with other methods to estimate blood volume. The sensitivity for the previously suggested threshold of a post-dialysis normalised blood volume of 65 ml/kg was observed to be 74% in this study.

Conclusions
ABV-guided volume management significantly reduced IHAAEs compared with standard care. The clinical relevance of the previously suggested threshold of 65 ml/kg cannot be firmly concluded on the basis of our results. If confirmed in a larger trial, this intervention could potentially change dialysis practice and impact patient care in a clinically meaningful way.
Case report: acute myocarditis in two patients with coronary artery disease presenting with chest pain—thinking outside the box
Authors: Amelotti Nicola , Brusamolino Matteo , Mapelli Massimo , Contini Mauro , Baggiano Andrea , Fazzari Fabio , Pontone Gianluca , Agostoni Piergiuseppe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
In a subset of patients, acute myocarditis (AM) may mimic acute myocardial infarction, with a similar clinical presentation characterized by chest pain, electrocardiogram (ECG) changes consistent with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), and serum markers increment.

Case summary
We present two cases of infarct-like myocarditis in patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD), in which the discrepancy between transthoracic echocardiogram findings, ECG, and angiography prompted us to look beyond the simplest diagnosis. In these cases, making a prompt and correct diagnosis is pivotal to address adequate therapy and establish a correct prognosis.

Discussion
The right diagnosis can avoid unnecessary coronary revascularizations and subsequent antiplatelet therapy that may be associated with an increased haemorrhagic risk. Moreover, it allows setting up guideline-directed therapy for myocarditis, proper follow-up, as well as recommending abstention from physical activity.
Spontaneous thrombosis of a giant aneurysm complicated with the coronary-to-pulmonary artery fistula: a case report
Authors: Takahashi Tomonori , Wakatsuki Tetsuzo , Ise Takayuki , Sata Masataka 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
A coronary-to-pulmonary artery fistula (CPAF) with a giant aneurysm is a rare clinical occurrence. The rupture of an aneurysm leads to a fatal outcome, thus prompting the incorporation of prophylactic measures, which have encompassed surgical resections or endovascular embolization procedures. The indications for these treatment strategies are controversial, and little has been elucidated regarding the salient characteristics underpinning the selection of a therapeutic strategy. We report a case of a giant aneurysm associated with CPAFs that was thrombosed before interventional treatment.

Case summary
A 43-year-old woman, who had previously undergone a right adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism, was referred for an abnormal heart silhouette on a chest X-ray, which had not been seen three years earlier. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and coronary angiography (CAG) revealed a giant aneurysm on the anterior aspect of the heart associated with two CPAFs. Because of the risk of rupture of the aneurysm, surgical resection was recommended; however, the patient requested endovascular therapy. On the day of intervention, CAG showed spontaneous occlusion of the feeding vessel to the aneurysm, and the aneurysm showed minimal contrast agent, suggesting spontaneous thrombosis. Because of possible recanalization of the aneurysm, coil embolization was performed, without complications. The patient remained asymptomatic, and the aneurysm was completely embolized at the one-year follow-up.

Discussion
The case shows that minimally invasive endovascular treatment is feasible instead of surgical resection for giant aneurysms associated with CPAFs, depending on their morphological characteristics. This perspective may offer novel insights into treatment strategies for CPAF.