bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating Sex Hormones and Tumor Characteristics in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients. A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Secreto Giorgio , Meneghini Elisabetta , Venturelli Elisabetta , Cogliati Patrizia , Agresti Roberto , Ferraris Cristina , Gion Massimo , Zancan Matelda , Fabricio Aline S.C. , Berrino Franco , Cavalleri Adalberto , Micheli Andrea 
Published: December 2011

Background To further investigate the role of sex hormones in breast cancer, we assessed the relations of circulating estradiol and testosterone to tumor size and estrogen receptor (ER) status. Method This was a cross-sectional study including 492 postmenopausal breast cancer patients. The relation of circulating hormones to patient and tumor characteristics was assessed using the Fisher or Cuzick tests. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of having tumors ≥2 cm (vs <2 cm) and having ER-positive tumors (vs ER-negative) with increasing quartiles of estradiol and testosterone. Results Mean estradiol and testosterone levels increased significantly with increasing tumor size. The ORs of tumors ≥2 cm increased significantly with increasing quartiles of estradiol (Ptrend<0.001) and testosterone (Ptrend=0.005). When adjusted for estradiol, the association between testosterone and tumor size was no longer significant. Mean testosterone levels were higher in ER-positive than ER-negative patients (P<0.001), while mean estradiol levels did not differ significantly between the two ER categories (p=0.192). The ORs of having an ER-positive tumor increased significantly with increasing quartiles of testosterone (Ptrend=0.002), whereas the increase with increasing estradiol quartiles was not significant (Ptrend=0.07). Conclusion The association of both hormones with tumor size implies that both are involved in tumor growth, testosterone mainly by conversion to estradiol. The strong association of testosterone with ER contrasts with the weak association of estradiol with ER and confirms testosterone as a marker of hormone-dependent tumors. These findings suggest that testosterone evaluation might be useful to better identify patients with hormone-dependent disease.
Stimuli‐Sensitive Synthetic Polypeptide‐Based Materials for Drug and Gene Delivery
Authors: He Chaoliang , Zhuang Xiuli , Tang Zhaohui , Tian Huayu , Chen Xuesi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractStimuli‐sensitive synthetic polypeptides are unique biodegradable and biocompatible synthetic polymers with structures mimicking natural proteins. These polymers exhibit reversible secondary conformation transitions and/or hydrophilic–hydrophobic transitions in response to changes in environmental conditions such as pH and temperature. The stimuli‐triggered conformation and/or phase transitions lead to unique self‐assembly behaviors, making these materials interesting for controlled drug and gene delivery applications. Therefore, stimuli‐sensitive synthetic polypeptide‐based materials have been extensively investigatid in recent years. Various polypeptide‐based materials, including micelles, vesicles, nanogels, and hydrogels, have been developed and tested for drug‐ and gene‐delivery applications. In addition, the presence of reactive side groups in some polypeptides facilitates the incorporation of various functional moieties to the polypeptides. This Review focuses on recent advances in stimuli‐sensitive polypeptide‐based materials that have been designed and evaluated for drug and gene delivery applications. In addition, recent developments in the preparation of stimuli‐sensitive functionalized polypeptides are discussed.
Equilibrium ensembles of electromagnetic thermal radiation in layered media
Authors: Budaev B.V. , Bogy D.B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis paper describes equilibrium ensembles of thermally excited electromagnetic fields in layered media. The obtained results complement Planck's law of thermal radiation that determines the spectrum of the radiation but supplies little information about the ensemble of eigenfields (normal modes) excited in the medium. The developments regarding these ensembles presented in this paper make it possible to apply perturbation techniques for the analysis of the ensembles of radiated fields in layered media with a steady heat flux.
Neurons and a Subset of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in the Enteric Nervous System Highly Express Stam2 Gene
Authors: Kapuralin Katarina , Van Ginneken Chris , Curlin Marija , Timmermans Jean‐Pierre , Gajovic Srecko 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSignal transducing adaptor molecule 2 (STAM2) is a phosphotyrosine protein, which is a member of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT‐0) and is involved in the sorting process of the mono‐ubiquitinated endosomal cargo for degradation in the lysosome. Analysis of gene trap mice carrying lacZ in frame with Stam2 revealed beta‐galactosidase activity in the enteric nervous system (both in the myenteric and submucosal plexus) throughout the digestive tract. STAM2 immunostaining confirmed that the observed beta‐galactosidase activity coincided with high Stam2 expression. To identify cell types with high Stam2 expression, STAM2 immunostaining was colocalized with the neuronal markers microtubule‐associated protein 2 and protein gene product 9.5 and with c‐kit as a marker for interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). STAM2 and c‐kit positive cells comprised a subset of ICCs in the enteric nervous system. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the morphology of the enteric nervous system in the homozygous mice carrying gene trap insertion in the Stam2 gene did not reveal phenotype changes; therefore, STAM2 function in the digestive tube remains elusive. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential Expression of Cyclophilin A and EMMPRIN in Developing Molars of Rats
Authors: Yang So‐Young , Park Byung‐Il , Kim Hyun‐Jin , Kang Jee‐Hae , Jung Na‐Ri , Byun Ju‐Do , Kim Min‐Seok , Jung Ji‐Yeon , Koh Jung‐Tae , Kim Won‐Jae , Oh Won‐Mann , Kim Sun‐Hun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA complex and intricate cascade of gene expression is essential for late stage tooth development. This study was performed to detect molecules involved in dental hard tissue formation and tooth eruption by comparing gene expression in cap stage molar germs (before eruptive movement and dental hard tissue formation) with that in root formation stage molar germs (after eruptive movement and dental hard tissue formation). DD‐PCR revealed that cyclophilin A (Cyp‐A), a potent chemoattractant for monocytes as well as a ligand for extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) was expressed differentially in the two stages molar germs. The levels of Cyp‐A and EMMPRIN mRNA were significantly higher at the root formation stage than at the cap and crown stages of the molar germs. Immunofluorescence showed that Cyp‐A and EMMPRIN were expressed strongly in the follicular cells overlaying the occlusal region of the molar germs at the root formation stage. In contrast, their immunoreactivity was weak in the follicular tissues and was not region‐specific in molar germs at the cap stage. In addition, the MCP‐1 and CSF‐1 mRNA levels increased in parallel to that of Cyp‐A mRNA and the increased number of osteoclasts at the occlusal region. Immunoreactivity against Cyp‐A and EMMPRIN was also observed in the fully differentiated ameloblasts and odontoblasts. This study suggests that Cyp‐A and EMMPRIN play roles in the maturation of dental hard tissue and the formation of an eruption pathway. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of microalgae characteristics on their conversion to biofuel. Part II: Focus on biomethane production
Authors: González‐Fernández Cristina , Sialve Bruno , Bernet Nicolas , Steyer Jean‐Philippe 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAmong biofuel production processes using microalgal biomass, biogas generation seems to be the least complex. This review summarizes information regarding anaerobic digestion of different microalgae species. Various operational parameters and microalgae characteristics (macromolecular distribution and cell wall) are reviewed in the light of their effects on methane production. Additionally, the enhancement of methane production rates achievable by applying biomass pre‐treatments and codigestion of substrates is also reported. The review finally covers the so‐claimed similarities of microalgal biomass and activated sludge as a substrate for anaerobic digestion. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Zeitpfeile, Zeitfaltungen und Diskursanalyse: zu Kontinuitäten der Imaginationslehre
Authors: Malich Lisa 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTime Lines, Folded Time, and Discourse Analysis: Continuities of Maternal Imagination. Focusing on a discourse‐oriented history of knowledge, this article deals with the relation between continuity and time. It will discuss concepts of linear and homogenous time and problematize a one‐sided focus on discontinuity and rupture in discourse analyses. After examining notions of continuity, discontinuity, and temporality in the work of Michel Foucault, I will ask how continuous elements can be theorized both as instruments and objects of research, without adopting a linear concept of time. Thus, Michel Serres' concept of folded time will be presented, because it implies a multiple, heterogenous and non‐linear temporality and entails both continuous and discontinuous entities. Thereby relations of power should be considered as factors influencing the shape of the folding. In this way, folded time can serve as a useful tool for discourse analysis, enabling to examine specific and local continuities that vary in different discursive formations. To give an example, I will briefly turn to the concept of women's imagination in pregnancy. According to most historical analyses, this concept declined in the middle of the 18th century and persisted afterwards only as an outdated remainder in folk knowledge. Nevertheless, a closer examination reveals that knowledge on imagination was actively produced in medical advice literature and some scientific discourses until the first decades of the 20th century. This demonstrates that an overemphasis both on rupture and on the timeline of academic medicine might conceal continuous elements and the folded time of specific knowledge formations.
A Metal–Organic Framework with Highly Polar Pore Surfaces: Selective CO2 Adsorption and Guest‐Dependent On/Off Emission Properties
Authors: Kanoo Prakash , Ghosh Ashta Chandra , Cyriac Soumya T. , Maji Tapas Kumar 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA 3D porous ZnII metal–organic framework {[Zn2(H2dht)(dht)0.5(azpy)0.5(H2O)]⋅4 H2O} (1; H2dht=dihydroxyterphthalate, azpy=4,4′‐azobipyridine) has been synthesised by employing 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalic acid (H4dht), a multidentate ligand and 4,4′‐azobipyridine by solvent‐diffusion techniques at room temperature. The as‐synthesised framework furnishes two different types of channels: one calyx‐shaped along the [001] direction and another rectangle‐shaped along the [101] direction occupied by guest water molecules. The dehydrated framework, {[Zn2(H2dht)(dht)0.5(azpy)0.5]} (1′) provides 52.7 % void volume to the total unit‐cell volume. The pore surfaces of 1′ are decorated with unsaturated ZnII sites and pendant hydroxyl groups of H2dht linker, thereby resulting in a highly polar pore surface. The dehydrated framework 1′ shows highly selective adsorption of CO2 over other gases, such as N2, H2, O2 and Ar, at 195 K. Photoluminescence studies revealed that compound 1 exhibits green emission (λmax≈530 nm) on the basis of the excited‐state intramolecular proton‐transfer (ESIPT) process of the H2dht linker; no emission was observed in dehydrated solid 1′. Such guest‐induced on/off emission has been correlated to the structural transformation and concomitant breaking and reforming of the OH⋅⋅⋅OCO hydrogen‐bonding interaction in the H2dht linker in 1′/1.
Optimisation of perforation distribution in HTHP vertical wells
Authors: Xu J. , Hu J. , Luo M. , Wang S. , Qi B. , Qiao Z. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDue to the variation in pressure drawdown along a well, a pressure drop can occur in a vertical well. A mathematical model is described to study how perforation distribution affects production in a vertical well under steady state inflow. Two types of optimisation problems are established which consider the effects of perforation density on the productivity of a vertical well, where the vertical well production is treated as an objective function and the perforation distribution is considered to be a decision‐making variable. A programming algorithm is applied to the vertical well optimisation models established under finite and infinite conductivity, respectively. A 7100 m HTHP (high‐temperature‐high‐pressure) gas well is studied to demonstrate how the model could be used to determine the optimal perforation distribution. The results show that inflow rate profiles are effectively improved through optimising the perforation position and there is a reasonable perforation density distribution. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Differential effects of inhibition of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signalling on T‐cell activation and differentiation
Authors: Yoshioka Yumiko , Ono Masahiro , Osaki Motonao , Konishi Ikuo , Sakaguchi Shimon 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are involved in patterning and cellular fate in various organs including the thymus. However, the redundancy of BMPs and their receptors have made it difficult to analyse their physiological roles. Here, we investigated the role of BMP signalling in peripheral CD4+ T cells by analysing the effects of an inhibitor of BMP signalling, dorsomorphin. Dorsomorphin suppressed phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8, suggesting that BMP signalling naturally occurs in T cells. At high doses, dorsomorphin suppressed proliferation of T cells in a dose‐dependent manner, inducing G1 arrest. Also, dorsomorphin suppressed Th17 and induced Treg‐cell differentiation, while preserving Th2 differentiation. Dorsomorphin efficiently suppressed IL‐2 production even at low doses in mouse CD4+ T cells, suggesting that the BMP‐Smad signalling physiologically regulates IL‐2 transcription in these cells. In addition, recombinant BMP2 induced a dose‐dependent multiphasic pattern of IL‐2 production, while Noggin suppressed IL‐2 production at higher doses in Jurkat cells. Notably, BMP signalling controlled the phosphorylation of RUNX1, revealing the molecular nature of its effect. Collectively, we describe multiple effects of dorsomorphin and Noggin on T‐cell activation and differentiation, demonstrating a physiological role for BMP signalling in these processes.
CE and CEC analysis of phytochemicals in herbal medicines
Authors: Chen Xiao‐jia , Zhao Jing , Wang Yi‐tao , Huang Lu‐qi , Li Shao‐Ping 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCE and CEC, due to their versatility and high efficiency, have attracted great interest in the analysis of phytochemicals in herbs and their preparations. Previously, we reviewed the analysis of phytochemical bioactive compounds by CE in 2006 (Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 4808–4819) or CEC in 2010 (Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 260–277). This review followed the previous studies and covered the literature published since 2006 for CE and 2009 for CEC (excluding those mentioned in the two previous reviews), which emphasized the development of CE and CEC techniques in phytochemical analysis. In addition, sample preparation and detection were also discussed.
QT prolongation of the antipsychotic risperidone is predominantly related to its 9‐hydroxy metabolite paliperidone
Authors: Suzuki Yutaro , Fukui Naoki , Watanabe Junzo , Ono Shin , Sugai Takuro , Tsuneyama Nobuto , Saito Mami , Inoue Yoshimasa , Someya Toshiyuki 
Published: December 2011

ObjectiveA dose‐dependent increase in risk of sudden cardiac death for the antipsychotic drug risperidone was reported. However, few reports have so far addressed QT prolongation associated with the use of risperidone or its major active metabolite, which is also used as a separate antipsychotic drug, paliperidone.MethodsThe present study evaluated associations between risperidone metabolism and QT interval in 61 psychiatric patients who had been receiving risperidone for ≥4 weeks at an average dosage of 4.7 mg/day. Plasma risperidone and paliperidone levels were measured and electrocardiographic measurements were also obtained.ResultsThere was no correlation between risperidone dosage and QTc or plasma risperidone levels and QTc. However, there was a significant positive correlation between plasma paliperidone levels and QTc (r = 0.361; p = 0.004). There was no correlation between age and dose‐corrected plasma risperidone levels or between age and QTc. There was a significant positive correlation between age and dose‐corrected plasma paliperidone levels (r = 0.290; p = 0.023).ConclusionClinically, paliperidone is considered to play a more important role in QT prolongation than risperidone. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecosystem Functioning and Community Structure as Indicators for Assessing Environmental Impacts: Leaf Processing and Macroinvertebrates in Atlantic Forest Streams
Authors: Silva‐Junior Eduardo F. , Moulton Timothy P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPrograms for evaluating environmental impacts are often carried out with chemical analyses that are inadequate for evaluating ecological aspects of rivers. In recent times there has been a strong movement towards biomonitoring using indices based on the structure of communities of organisms. Less attention has been given to functional parameters (ecosystem level processes such as decomposition, primary production, nutrient cycling, etc.), despite recent work that demonstrates their applicability. The breakdown of leaf material in streams provides a system in which an aspect of ecosystem functioning (decomposition) can be measured along with the community structure of the fauna associated with the leaves.We measured rate of leaf processing and the associated macroinvertebrates in 9 streams in 3 categories of environmental impact: Reference (pristine forest), Intermediate (pasture land‐use with intact riparian vegetation) and Impacted (pasture land‐use with degraded banks and stream‐bed). Leaf processing was fastest in the least impacted, “Reference”, streams. The abundance and taxon diversity of the associated fauna were not different among categories of impact. Thus this aspect of ecosystem functioning was more sensitive to perturbation than was the structure of the community in this case. We suggest that leaf processing can be a cheap and indicative parameter for biological assessment and monitoring. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Isolation and characterization of an acrylamide‐degrading yeast Rhodotorula sp. strain MBH23 KCTC 11960BP
Authors: Rahim M. B. H. , Syed M. A. , Shukor M. Y. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAs well as for chemical and environmental reasons, acrylamide is widely used in many industrial applications. Due to its carcinogenicity and toxicity, its discharge into the environment causes adverse effects on humans and ecology alike. In this study, a novel acrylamide‐degrading yeast has been isolated. The isolate was identified as Rhodotorula sp. strain MBH23 using ITS rRNA analysis. The results showed that the best carbon source for growth was glucose at 1.0% (w/v). The optimum acrylamide concentration, being a nitrogen source for cellular growth, was at 500 mg l–1. The highest tolerable concentration of acrylamide was 1500 mg l–1 whereas growth was completely inhibited at 2000 mg l–1. At 500 mg l–1, the strain MBH completely degraded acrylamide on day 5. Acrylic acid as a metabolite was detected in the media. Strain MBH23 grew well between pH 6.0 and 8.0 and between 27 and 30 °C. Amides such as 2‐chloroacetamide, methacrylamide, nicotinamide, acrylamide, acetamide, and propionamide supported growth. Toxic heavy metals such as mercury, chromium, and cadmium inhibited growth on acrylamide. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimization of environmental factors for improved production of rhamnolipid biosurfactant by Pseudomonas aeruginosa RS29 on glycerol
Authors: Saikia Rashmi Rekha , Deka Suresh , Deka Manab , Sarma Hemen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA biosurfactant producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa RS29 (identified on the basis of 16S rDNA analysis) with good foaming and emulsification properties has been isolated from crude oil contaminated sites. Optimization of different environmental factors was carried out with an objective to achieve maximum production of biosurfactant. Production of biosurfactant was estimated in terms of surface tension reduction and emulsification (E24) index. It was recorded that the isolated strain produced highest biosurfactant after 48 h of incubation at 37.5 °C, with a pH range of 7–8 and at salinity <0.8% (w/v). Ammonium nitrate used in the experiment was the best nitrogen source for the growth of biomass of P. aeruginosa RS29. On the other hand sodium and potassium nitrate enhanced the production of biosurfactant (Surface tension, 26.3 and 26.4 mN/m and E24 index, 80 and 79% respectively). The CMC of the biosurfactant was 90 mg/l. Maximum biomass (6.30 g/l) and biosurfactant production (0.80 g/l) were recorded at an optimal C/N ratio of 12.5. Biochemical analysis and FTIR spectra confirmed that the biosurfactant was rhamnolipid in nature. GC‐MS analysis revealed the presence of C8 and C10 fatty acid components in the purified biosurfactant. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ultrastructural characteristics and variability of vegetative reproduction in Fellomyces penicillatus
Authors: Kopecká Marie , Golubev Wladyslav , Ramíková Vladimíra , Klemová Dobromila , Ilkovics Ladislav 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe yeast strains VKM Y‐2977 and VKM Y‐2978, derived from the isolate Pa‐202, were examined for their physiological properties and mycocin sensitivities and studied by light, phase‐contrast, fluorescence, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The cells of the first strain produced long stalk‐like conidiophores, whereas the cells of the second one had the appearance of a typical budding yeast under the light microscope. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of stalk‐like conidiophores and long necks in VKM Y‐2977, similar in appearance to Fellomyces fuzhouensis. The actin cytoskeleton, microtubules and nuclei were similar as well, but due to presence of a capsule, they were not clearly visible. The second isolate, VKM Y‐2978, had very short stalk‐like conidiophores, and the neck, microtubules and actin cables were shorter as well. The actin patches, actin cables, and microtubules were similar in VKM Y‐2977 and VKM Y‐2978 and not clearly visible. The physiological characteristics and mycocin sensitivity patterns, together with the microscopic structures and ultrastructures, led us to conclude that both strains belong to Fellomyces penicillatus, even though they differ in the lengths of their stalk‐like conidiophores and necks. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A novel technique to collect root exudates from mustard (Brassica juncea)
Authors: Wadhwa Kunal , Narula Neeru 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA very simple, novel, cost effective, easy to use technique has been developed for the collection of root exudates from small seeded plants, under laboratory conditions. 200–1000 μl micro tips (Tarsons), kept in 100 ml glass beakers, were used as holders for the small seeds of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and the exudates were trapped in liquid culture medium. The exudates, so obtained, were authenticated and analyzed for organic compounds such as sugars, amino acids and organic acids, as well as chemotactic response towards rhizobacteria. Method was found to be suitable and easy to handle for small seeds. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)