bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's text messaging: abbreviations, input methods and links with literacy
Authors: Kemp N. , Bushnell C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of mobile phone text‐messaging method (predictive and multi‐press) and experience (in texters and non‐texters) on children's textism use and understanding. It also examined popular claims that the use of text‐message abbreviations, or textese spelling, is associated with poor literacy skills. A sample of 86 children aged 10 to 12 years read and wrote text messages in conventional English and in textese, and completed tests of spelling, reading and non‐word reading. Children took significantly longer and made more errors when reading messages written in textese than in conventional English. Further, they were no faster at writing messages in textese than in conventional English, regardless of texting method or experience. Predictive texters were faster at reading and writing messages than multi‐press texters, and texting experience increased writing, but not reading, speed. General spelling and reading scores did not differ significantly with usual texting method. However, better literacy skills were associated with greater textese reading speed and accuracy. These findings add to the growing evidence for a positive relationship between texting proficiency and traditional literacy skills.
Reliability and validity of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale in clinical outpatients with depressive disorders
Authors: Grootenboer Esther M. V. , Giltay Erik J. , van der Lem Rosalind , van Veen Tineke , van der Wee Nic J. A. , Zitman Frans G. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  The Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) is widely used to assess psychological, social and occupational functioning. The validity and reliability of the GAF in clinical practice have only scarcely been studied in naturalistic samples.Methods  A total of 432 outpatients with a current major depressive disorder (MDD) were evaluated with routine outcome monitoring (ROM). At baseline the GAF score was assessed by the treating clinician and at ROM baseline and follow‐up sessions also by a trained test nurse. Sociodemographic data, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus and scores on the Montgomery‐Äsberg Depression Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory‐revised, Brief Symptom Inventory and Short Form‐36 were assessed.Results  At baseline, the mean GAF score by the clinician was 54.8 (range 35–85), and this was systematically lower than the mean GAF score by the test nurse of 57.5 (range 31–88). GAF scores by the clinician and test nurse correlated weakly (r = 0.26). The GAF scores of the clinicians correlated strongly with disease severity, and social and physical functioning.Conclusion  The GAF showed rather poor inter‐rater reliability as well as poor discriminant validity with disease severity and physical limitations in a large naturalistic sample of outpatients with MDD.
Introductory insights into patient preferences for outpatient rehabilitation after knee replacement: implications for practice and future research
Authors: Naylor Justine M. , Mittal Rajat , Carroll Katherine , Harris Ian A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives  Current perspectives concerning clinical decision making favour inclusion of patient preference for therapy. This exploratory study aimed to forge introductory insights into patient preference for outpatient‐based rehabilitation after total knee replacement (TKR).Methods  TKR recipients from six public hospitals participating in a prospective, longitudinal study assessing outcomes after surgery were surveyed 1 year after surgery about preferences for rehabilitation. Surveys were conducted face‐to‐face or via postal questionnaire. Questions included global satisfaction (percentage scale) with therapy received, future preference for therapy and the reasons underpinning preference.Results  Ninety‐three (93/115) TKR recipients participated [mean age 68 (SD 8) years; 66% female; 75% face‐to‐face interview]. Group‐based (39/93) and one‐to‐one therapies (38/93) were the most common modes experienced. Most participants (81/93) were highly satisfied (satisfaction ≥ 75%). Future preference was associated with satisfaction with past exposure regardless of mode (P = 0.02), hence no overall preference for one mode emerged. Commonality existed in the reasons why patients preferred specific modes. The most common reason for preferring group‐based therapy was psychosocial benefit whilst the more personalized approach was the most common reason for preferring one‐to‐one therapy.Conclusions  Patient global satisfaction is similarly high across different modes of outpatient rehabilitation despite differences in perceived benefits. The association between satisfaction and preference potentially indicates that provided the service is deemed high quality, the actual mode of therapy offered is less important to this patient population. Research is required, however, to establish the relationship between preference and outcome, the stability of preference across time, and the effect of multiple rehabilitation exposures on preference. For now, the quality of current uni‐modal programmes could be enhanced by incorporation of features typically associated with alternative modes.
Accuracy of administrative coding in identifying hip and knee primary replacements and revisions
Authors: Daneshvar Parham , Forster Alan J. , Dervin Geoffrey F. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Hospital discharge notes can be used to identify rates of revisions in hip and knee arthroplasty surgeries if such administrative codes are accurate. In order to trust the data taken from the hospital discharge abstracts it is important to assess their reliability. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the administrative coding used in measuring revision rates for total hip and knee arthroplasty.Methods  Validation coding was determined by two orthopaedic surgery residents who reviewed the operative, radiological and discharge summaries in order to identify the revision rates for total hip and knee arthroplasty. A random sample of 637 patients from two tertiary care hospitals was studied. These patients had total hip or knee arthroplasty between 1996 and 2006. All of these patients had an International Classification of Disease (ICD)‐9CM or ICD‐10CM code indicating what procedure they had done. The validation reviewers were blinded to the administrative codes used. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of the administrative codes for revision rates were measured.Results  Based on 1201 procedures performed on 637 patients, when comparing validation review versus hospital administrative chart coding for primary and revision surgeries of total hip and knee arthroplasty, the following data were obtained: for total hip arthroplasty sensitivity is 99%, specificity is 91%, positive predictive value is 91% and negative predictive value is 99%; for total knee arthroplasty sensitivity is 89%, specificity is 98%, positive predictive value is 97% and negative predictive value is 93%. The accuracy of ICD‐9CM and ICD‐10CM were 96% and 95%, respectively.Conclusion  This study demonstrates that ICD‐9CM and ICD‐10CM codes can be used accurately when analysing hip and knee arthroplasty. This study was conducted in a large tertiary academic centre where a significant number of records analysts are employed; therefore, there should be little inter‐hospital error. These results should help researchers understand the potential accuracy of classification for these procedures as part of an audit or quality assurance project.
Digital gene expression analysis of gastrointestinal helminth resistance in Scottish blackface lambs
Authors: PEMBERTON J. M. , BERALDI D. , CRAIG B. H. , HOPKINS J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDigital gene expression (DGE) analysis offers a route to gene discovery which by‐passes the need to develop bespoke arrays for nonmodel species, and is therefore a potentially valuable tool for molecular ecologists. Scottish blackface sheep, which vary in resistance to the common abomasal parasitic nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta, were trickle‐infected with L3 larvae over 3 months to mimic the natural progression of infection. DGE was performed on abomasal lymph node tissue after the resolution of infection in resistant animals. Susceptible (low resistance) animals showed a large number of differentially expressed genes associated with inflammation and cell activation, but generally few differentially regulated genes in either the susceptible or the resistant group were directly involved in the adaptive immune function. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that both resistance and susceptibility are active responses to infection and that susceptibility is associated with dysfunction in T cell differentiation and regulation.
Maternal reproductive history and the risk of isolated congenital malformations
Authors: Materna‐Kiryluk A. , Więckowska B. , Wiśniewska K. , Borszewska‐Kornacka M. K. , Godula‐Stuglik U. , Limon J. , Rusin J. , Sawulicka‐Oleszczuk H. , Szwałkiewicz‐Warowicka E. , Walczak M. ,   other members of the PRCM Working Group
Published: January 2011

SummaryMaterna‐Kiryluk A, Więckowska B, Wiśniewska K, Borszewska‐Kornacka MK, Godula‐Stuglik U, Limon J,et al. Maternal reproductive history and the risk of isolated congenital malformations.Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology2011.We examined the relationship between maternal reproductive history and the newborn's risk of isolated congenital malformations in a large case–control cohort from the Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations. Congenital malformations were classified into four categories: isolated congenital heart defects (n = 1673), isolated cleft palate (n = 255), cleft lip with or without cleft palate (n = 448) and renal agenesis (n = 103). The case groups were compared with a shared group of 2068 controls recruited in the same time period and geographic area. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the risk associated with maternal gravidity and of previous miscarriages after accounting for maternal age and other potential risk factors.In unadjusted analyses, maternal gravidity was significantly associated with increased risk of all four classes of congenital malformations. After adjustment, a significant association persisted for congenital heart defects [odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09, 1.36],P = 0.0007] and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (OR = 1.21, [95% CI 1.09, 1.36],P = 0.0005). A similar trend existed for isolated cleft palate (OR = 1.18, [95% CI 1.02, 1.37],P = 0.03). There was no appreciable increase in the risk of congenital malformations associated with a maternal history of miscarriages, but a trend for a protective effect on the occurrence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate was observed (OR = 0.72, [95% CI 0.52, 0.99],P = 0.045). Based on our data, maternal gravidity represents a significant risk factor for congenital heart defects and cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the newborn infant. Our data do not support an increase in risk because of past history of miscarriages.
Cost of illness due to typhoid fever in five Asian countries
Authors: Poulos Christine , Riewpaiboon Arthorn , Stewart John F. , Clemens John , Guh Soyeon , Agtini Magdarina , Anh Dang Duc , Baiqing Dong , Bhutta Zulfiqar , Sur Dipika , Whittington Dale ,   the DOMI Typhoid COI Study Group
Published: January 2011

SummaryObjective  To generate community‐based estimates of the public (paid by the government) and private (paid by households) costs of blood culture‐confirmed typhoid fever in Hechi, China; North Jakarta, Indonesia; Kolkata, India; Karachi, Pakistan and Hue, Vietnam.Methods  To measure out‐of‐pocket costs of illness and lost earnings, families with culture‐proven cases were surveyed 7, 14 and 90 days after onset of illness. Public costs of treatment were measured at local health facilities using a micro costing (bottom‐up) method.Results  The costs of hospitalized cases ranged from USD 129 in Kolkata to USD 432 in North Jakarta (hospitalization rates varied from 2% in Kolkata to 40% in Hechi) and the costs of non‐hospitalized cases ranged from USD 13 in Kolkata to USD 67 in Hechi. Where costs were highest (Hechi, North Jakarta and Karachi), the bulk of the costs of hospitalized cases was borne by families, comprising up to 15% of annual household income.Conclusion  Although these estimates may understate true costs due to the fact that higher quality treatment may have been provided earlier‐than‐usual, this multi‐country community‐based study contributes to evidence on the public and private costs of typhoid fever in developing countries. These cost estimates were used in a cost‐effectiveness analysis of typhoid vaccines and will help policymakers respond to World Health Organization’s updated typhoid fever immunization recommendations.
Late Cretaceous paleoenvironment and lake level fluctuation in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China
Authors: Xi Dangpeng , Wan Xiaoqiao , Jansa Luba , Zhang Yiyi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractStudy of Late Cretaceous lacustrine sedimentary strata in the eastern Songliao Basin, China revealed that the paleoclimate was relatively arid and hot during sedimentation of the upper Santonian of the Yaojia Formation, but became relatively humid and warm during deposition of the lower Campanian Nenjiang Formation. The upper Yaojia Formation was deposited in a freshwater lake environment, while the lower Nenjiang Formation was deposited in a slightly brackish to brackish environment. The average total organic carbon content in the upper Yaojia Formation is 0.15%, while the hydrogen index is 36 mgHC/gTOC, implying poor source rock for oil generation and the organic matter comprised of a mixture of woody and herbaceous organic matter. In contrast, the hydrogen index of oil shale and black shale of the lower Nenjiang Formation is 619 mgHC/gTOC, and total organic carbon content on average is 3.37%, indicating a mixed algae and herbaceous source of kerogen and an increase in aquatic bioproductivity. The black shale and oil shale have low Pristane/Phytane and C29 5α,14α,17α(H) − stigmastane 20R/(20R + 20S) ratios, with maximum concentration of n‐alkanes at n‐C23, implying an anoxic depositional environment with algae, bacteria and higher plants providing most of the organic matter. Relatively abundant gammacerane and a higher Sr/Ba ratio in the oil shales suggest the presence of brackish water and development of salinity stratification in the lake. During sedimentation of the upper Yaojia through the lower Nenjiang Formations, the level of Songliao lake increased and a deep‐lake environment was formed with bottom waters being oxygen depleted. Concomitantly, as the lake deepened bottom conditions were changing from oxic to anoxic, and the input of organic matter changed from predominantly higher plants to a mixture of bacteria, algae and higher plants providing favorable conditions for oil source rock accumulation.
Oxygen and lead isotope characteristics of granitic rocks from the Nansha block (South China Sea): Implications for their petrogenesis and tectonic affinity
Authors: YAN QUANSHU , SHI XUEFA , LI NAISHENG 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe pre‐Cenozoic history of the South China Sea (SCS) region is the object of continued debate. To trace the evolution of the SCS, a better understanding of the petrogenesis and tectonic affiliation of the granitic rocks that comprise the microblocks within the region is necessary. In this study, we analyzed the whole‐rock oxygen and lead isotope ratios of granitic samples dredged from two locations in the Nansha microblock, one of the microblocks in the SCS. Oxygen isotope data combined with previously published Sr isotope data show that group I rocks (δ18O = 6.00–7.20‰; average = 6.64‰) originated from a mantle source contaminated by material and/or fluid input from a Mesozoic subduction zone in the southeastern side of the microblock. Group II rocks (δ18O = 6.86‰–9.13‰; average = 7.75‰) also came from the same source, but they were additionally affected by crustal contamination. The Nansha microblock has high radiogenic lead ratios (206Pb/204Pbi = 18.602–18.756, 207Pb/204Pbi = 15.660–15.713, 208Pb/204Pbi = 38.693–38.893), which indicate that the Nansha microblock is tectonically affiliated with the Nanling–Hainan or South China block. This notion is consistent with the results of a previous Nd isotope study. As a whole, results of our study suggest that some of the other microblocks dispersed in the SCS are also possible fragments of South China block, and thus further studies are needed to better constrain the pre‐Cenozoic evolutionary history of the SCS region.
Cisatracurium pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children
Authors: Withington Davinia , Ménard Guillaume , Varin France 
Published: January 2011

SummaryBackground:  Hypothermia potentiates neuromuscular blockade in adults during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) but the pediatric literature is sparse. Temperature‐dependent Hoffman degradation of cisatracurium may allow reduction in infusion rate (IR) during hypothermia. The effect of hypothermic CPB on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of cisatracurium has not been described in children.Methods and materials:  Using neuromuscular monitoring with a Datex Relaxograph, cisatracurium IR was adjusted to obtain a pseudo‐steady state during each phase of surgery (pre‐CPB, CPB, post‐CPB). Paired samples were taken at each phase. Cisatracurium plasma concentrations (Cpss) were determined by HPLC. Core and skin temperatures were recorded.Results:  Data from ten infants were analyzed: Group 1: mean 33.6°C; Group 2: mean 21.9°C. To maintain T1% between 5% and 10% in Group 2, the IR was decreased by a mean of 89% (P < 0.001). IR was not significantly different in Group 1. Post‐CPB IR approximated pre‐CPB rates in both groups. During CPB, Cpss fell by 27% in Group 1 and by 50% in Group 2 (P = 0.039). Post‐CPB Cpss was not significantly different to pre‐CPB in either group. Clearance did not change significantly in Group 1 but fell significantly in Group 2 during CPB (P = 0.002). Clearance post‐CPB was unchanged from pre‐CPB.Conclusions:  Cisatracurium IR may be decreased by around 60% during CPB with moderate hypothermia but can be maintained at baseline during mild hypothermia.
Taylor Prediction for Mesh Geometry Compression
Authors: Courbet Clément , Hudelot Céline 
Published: January 2011

Abstract In this paper, we introduce a new formalism for mesh geometry prediction. We derive a class of smooth linear predictors from a simple approach based on the Taylor expansion of the mesh geometry function. We use this method as a generic way to compute weights for various linear predictors used for mesh compression and compare them with those of existing methods. We show that our scheme is actually equivalent to the Modified Butterfly subdivision scheme used for wavelet mesh compression. We also build new efficient predictors that can be used for connectivity‐driven compression in place of other schemes like Average/Dual Parallelogram Prediction and High Degree Polygon Prediction. The new predictors use the same neighbourhood, but do not make any assumption on mesh anisotropy. In the case of Average Parallelogram Prediction, our new weights improve compression rates from 3% to 18% on our test meshes. For Dual Parallelogram Prediction, our weights are equivalent to those of the previous Freelence approach, that outperforms traditional schemes by 16% on average. Our method effectively shows that these weights are optimal for the class of smooth meshes. Modifying existing schemes to make use of our method is free because only the prediction weights have to be modified in the code.
The violence of disablism
Authors: Goodley Dan , Runswick‐Cole Katherine 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article addresses the multi‐faceted nature of violence in the lives of disabled people, with a specific focus on the accounts of disabled children and their families. Traditionally, when violence and disability have been considered together, this has emphasised the disabled subject whom inevitably exhibits violent challenging behaviour. Recently, however, more attention has been paid to violence experienced by disabled people, most notably in relation to hate crime. This article embraces theories that do not put the problems of disablism or violence back onto disabled people but magnify and expose processes of disablism that are produced in the relationships between people, which sometimes involve violence. This, we argue, means taking seriously the role of social relationships, institutions and culture in the constitution of violence. Disabled children, we argue, are enculturated by the violence of disablism. We follow Žižek’s advice to step back from the obvious signals of violence to ‘perceive the contours of the background which generates such outbursts’, and identify four elements of the violence of disablism which we define as real, psychoemotional, systemic and cultural. We come to the conclusion that violence experienced by disabled children and their families says more about the dominant culture of disablism than it does of the acts of a few seemingly irrational, unreasonable, mean or violent individuals. We conclude that there is a need for extensive cultural deconstruction and reformation.
From recreational to regular drug use: qualitative interviews with young clubbers
Authors: Järvinen Margaretha , Ravn Signe 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article analyses the process of going from recreational use to regular and problematic use of illegal drugs. We present a model containing six career contingencies relevant for young people’s progress from recreational to regular drug use: the closing of social networks, changes in forms of parties, intoxication becoming a goal in itself, easier access to drugs, learning to recognise alternative effects of drugs and experiences of loss of control. The analysis shows that these dimensions are at play not only when young people develop a regular drug use pattern but also when they attempt to extricate themselves from this pattern. Hence, when regular drug users talk about their future, it is not a future characterised by total abstinence from illegal drugs but a future where they have rolled back their drug use career to the recreational drug use pattern they started out with. Empirically, the article is based on qualitative interviews with young drug users contacted at nightclubs in Denmark
In a moment of mismatch: overseas doctors’ adjustments in new hospital environments
Authors: Harris Anna 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper contributes to studies of healthcare worker migration and, more broadly, to the study of occupational adjustment, with an analysis of finely detailed sensorial data. It focuses upon doctors, who are increasingly on the move around the world, working in hospital environments different from those in which they have trained. A number of unexamined questions remain in relation to how medical practitioners shift their work across contexts, in particular the tactile nature of adjustment, which has been under‐explored in health sociology. This paper examines a procedural skill; a skill in which tools have become almost natural extensions of the doctor’s hands. It focuses upon what happens when doctors travel overseas and find unfamiliar equipment, and their habitual practice is interrupted. The paper argues that by studying overseas doctors’ bodily adjustment during such moments of mismatch, we learn more about the environment of the doctors’ past and present. It suggests that by looking at the rupture between habit and the unfamiliar, we also understand something about the ways in which we adjust to the unexpected.