bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An automatic application signature construction system for unknown traffic
Authors: Wang Yu , Xiang Yang , Yu Shun‐Zheng 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIdentifying applications and classifying network traffic flows according to their source applications are critical for a broad range of network activities. Such a decision can be based on packet header fields, packet payload content, statistical characteristics of traffic and communication patterns of network hosts. However, most present techniques rely on some sort ofa prioriknowledge, which means they require labor‐intensive preprocessing before running and cannot deal with previously unknown applications. In this paper, we propose a traffic classification system based on application signatures, with a novel approach to fully automate the process of deriving signatures from unidentified traffic. The key idea is to integrate statistics‐based flow clustering with payload‐based signature matching method, so as to eliminate the requirement of pre‐labeled training data sets. We evaluate the efficiency of our approach using real‐world traffic trace, and the results indicate that signature classifiers built from clustered data and pre‐labeled data are able to achieve similar high accuracy better than 99%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth and Characterization of Ti‐Ta‐O Thin Films on Si Substrates by Liquid Injection MOCVD for High‐k Applications from Modified Titanium and Tantalum Precursors
Authors: Devi Anjana , Hellwig Malte , Barreca Davide , Parala Harish , Thomas Reji , Becker Hans‐Werner , Katiyar Ram. S. , Fischer Roland A. , Tondello Eugenio 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTitanium oxide (TiO2) and titanium‐tantalum oxide (Ti‐Ta‐O) thin films are deposited by liquid injection (LI) metal‐organic (MO) CVD using metal amide‐malonate complexes, [Ti(NR2)2(dbml)2], and tantalum, [Ta(NMe2)4(dbml)] (R = Me, Et; dbml = di‐tert‐butylmalonato). TiO2 and Ti‐Ta‐O films are deposited on Si(100) in the temperature ranges 350–650 °C and 500–700 °C, respectively. The structure, morphology, and chemical composition of the films are evaluated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrical properties of the films, namely the dielectric properties, are assessed by carrying out capacitance‐voltage (C‐V) measurements on metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) capacitor structures.
A Concise Asymmetric Synthesis of (–)‐Hongconin and (–)‐1‐epi‐Hongconin
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Chavan Vijay P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA concise asymmetric synthesis of (–)‐hongconin and (–)‐1‐epi‐hongconin is described. The synthesis features an efficient combination of Dötz benzannulation or lactaldehyde arylation and the oxa‐Pictet–Spengler reaction as the key steps. The synthesis is completed in 10–11 steps from the chiral pool material (R)‐methyl lactate.
Functional localization in the human brain: Gradient‐echo, spin‐echo, and arterial spin‐labeling fMRI compared with neuronavigated TMS
Authors: Diekhoff Svenja , Uludağ Kamil , Sparing Roland , Tittgemeyer Marc , Cavuşoğlu Mustafa , von Cramon D. Yves , Grefkes Christian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA spatial mismatch of up to 14 mm between optimal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) site and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal has consistently been reported for the primary motor cortex. The underlying cause might be the effect of magnetic susceptibility around large draining veins in Gradient‐Echo blood oxygenation level‐dependent (GRE‐BOLD) fMRI. We tested whether alternative fMRI sequences such as Spin‐Echo (SE‐BOLD) or Arterial Spin‐Labeling (ASL) assessing cerebral blood flow (ASL‐CBF) may localize neural activity closer to optimal TMS positions and primary motor cortex than GRE‐BOLD. GRE‐BOLD, SE‐BOLD, and ASL‐CBF signal changes during right thumb abductions were obtained from 15 healthy subjects at 3 Tesla. In 12 subjects, tissue at fMRI maxima was stimulated with neuronavigated TMS to compare motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs). Euclidean distances between the fMRI center‐of‐gravity (CoG) and the TMS motor mapping CoG were calculated. Highest SE‐BOLD and ASL‐CBF signal changes were located in the anterior wall of the central sulcus [Brodmann Area 4 (BA4)], whereas highest GRE‐BOLD signal changes were significantly closer to the gyral surface. TMS at GRE‐BOLD maxima resulted in higher MEPs which might be attributed to significantly higher electric field strengths. TMS‐CoGs were significantly anterior to fMRI‐CoGs but distances were not statistically different across sequences. Our findings imply that spatial differences between fMRI and TMS are unlikely to be caused by spatial unspecificity of GRE‐BOLD fMRI but might be attributed to other factors, e.g., interactions between TMS‐induced electric field and neural tissue. Differences between techniques should be kept in mind when using fMRI coordinates as TMS (intervention) targets. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural and functional bases for individual differences in motor learning
Authors: Tomassini Valentina , Jbabdi Saad , Kincses Zsigmond T. , Bosnell Rose , Douaud Gwenaelle , Pozzilli Carlo , Matthews Paul M. , Johansen‐Berg Heidi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPeople vary in their ability to learn new motor skills. We hypothesize that between‐subject variability in brain structure and function can explain differences in learning. We use brain functional and structural MRI methods to characterize such neural correlates of individual variations in motor learning. Healthy subjects applied isometric grip force of varying magnitudes with their right hands cued visually to generate smoothly‐varying pressures following a regular pattern. We tested whether individual variations in motor learning were associated with anatomically colocalized variations in magnitude of functional MRI (fMRI) signal or in MRI differences related to white and grey matter microstructure. We found that individual motor learning was correlated with greater functional activation in the prefrontal, premotor, and parietal cortices, as well as in the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Structural MRI correlates were found in the premotor cortex [for fractional anisotropy (FA)] and in the cerebellum [for both grey matter density and FA]. The cerebellar microstructural differences were anatomically colocalized with fMRI correlates of learning. This study thus suggests that variations across the population in the function and structure of specific brain regions for motor control explain some of the individual differences in skill learning. This strengthens the notion that brain structure determines some limits to cognitive function even in a healthy population. Along with evidence from pathology suggesting a role for these regions in spontaneous motor recovery, our results also highlight potential targets for therapeutic interventions designed to maximize plasticity for recovery of similar visuomotor skills after brain injury. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A mutual information‐based metric for evaluation of fMRI data‐processing approaches
Authors: Afshin‐Pour Babak , Soltanian‐Zadeh Hamid , Hossein‐Zadeh Gholam‐Ali , Grady Cheryl L. , Strother Stephen C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe propose a novel approach for evaluating the performance of activation detection in real (experimental) datasets using a new mutual information (MI)‐based metric and compare its sensitivity to several existing performance metrics in both simulated and real datasets. The proposed approach is based on measuring the approximate MI between the fMRI time‐series of a validation dataset and a calculated activation map (thresholded label map or continuous map) from an independent training dataset. The MI metric is used to measure the amount of information preserved during the extraction of an activation map from experimentally related fMRI time‐series. The processing method that preserves maximal information between the maps and related time‐series is proposed to be superior. The results on simulation datasets for multiple analysis models are consistent with the results of ROC curves, but are shown to have lower information content than for real datasets, limiting their generalizability. In real datasets for group analyses using the general linear model (GLM; FSL4 and SPM5), we show that MI values are (1) larger for groups of 15 versus 10 subjects and (2) more sensitive measures than reproducibility (for continuous maps) or Jaccard overlap metrics (for thresholded maps). We also show that (1) for an increasing fraction of nominally active voxels, both MI and false discovery rate (FDR) increase, and (2) at a fixed FDR, GLM using FSL4 tends to extract more voxels and more information than SPM5 using the default processing techniques in each package. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pramipexole modulates the neural network of reward anticipation
Authors: Ye Zheng , Hammer Anke , Camara Estela , Münte Thomas F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPramipexole is widely prescribed to treat Parkinson's disease. It has been found to cause impulse control disorders such as pathological gambling. To examine how pramipexole modulates the network of reward anticipation, we carried out a pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging study with a double‐blind, within‐subject design. During the anticipation of monetary rewards, pramipexole increased the activity of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), enhanced the interaction between the NAcc and the anterior insula, but weakened the interaction between the NAcc and the prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that pramipexole may exaggerate incentive and affective responses to possible rewards, but reduce the top‐down control of impulses, leading to an increase in impulsive behaviors. This imbalance between the prefrontal‐striatum connectivity and the insula‐striatum connectivity may represent the neural mechanism of pathological gambling caused by pramipexole. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal observations of a seasonal snowpack using upward‐looking GPR
Authors: Heilig Achim , Eisen Olaf , Schneebeli Martin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn increase of the spatial and temporal resolution of snowpack measurements in Alpine or Arctic regions will improve the predictability of flood and avalanche hazards and increase the spatial validity of snowpack simulation models. In the winter season 2009, we installed a ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) system beneath the snowpack to measure snowpack conditions above the antennas. In comparison with modulated frequency systems, GPR systems consist of a much simpler technology, are commercially available and therefore are cheaper. The radar observed the temporal alternation of the snow height over more than 2·5 months. The presented data showed that with moved antennas, it is possible to record the snow height with an uncertainty of less than 8% in comparison with the probed snow depth. Three persistent melt crusts, which formed at the snow surface and were buried by further new snow events, were used as reflecting tracers to follow the snow cover evolution and to determine the strain rates of underlaying layers between adjacent measurements. The height in two‐way travel time of each layer changed over time, which is a cumulative effect of settlement and variation of wave speed in response to densification and liquid water content. The infiltration of liquid water with depth during melt processes was clearly observed during one event. All recorded reflections appeared in concordance with the physical principles (e.g. in phase structure), and one can assume that distinct density steps above a certain threshold result in reflections in the radargram. The accuracy of the used impulse radar system in determining the snow water equivalent is in good agreement with previous studies, which used continuous wave radar systems. The results of this pilot study encourage further investigations with radar measurements using the described test arrangement on a daily basis for continuous destruction‐free monitoring of the snow cover. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The insolvent subsidiary and liability of the parent corporation in the USA, Argentina, and UNCITRAL
Authors: Miguens Héctor José 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe increasing unacceptability of the concept of entity law and the emergence of the doctrine of enterprise law with respect to many aspects of the legal relationships of parent and subsidiary corporations particularly in insolvent situations is a very interesting issue. This change is very significant because it reflects a growing unwillingness on the part of the courts and legislatures to continue accepting the traditional view of corporate law when it no longer corresponds to the economic reality of the modern business enterprise in a complex industrialized international society. This paper examines the American case law and in particular the decisions that have imposed liability where a company is liable for the obligations of an insolvent subsidiary and by contrast the decisions that have denied liability. The paper also examines the position in Argentina within the Argentine law and the UNCITRAL recommendations in respect of liability issues within corporate groups in insolvency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Authors: Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Allen Naomi E. , Key Timothy J. , SanJoaquin Miguel A. , Bakken Kjersti , Berrino Franco , Fournier Agnès , Lund Eiliv , Overvad Kim , Olsen Anja , Tjønneland Anne , Byrnes Graham , Chajes Veronique , Rinaldi Sabina , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Clavel‐Chapelon Francoise , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Kaaks Rudolf , Bergmann Manuela , Boeing Heiner , Koumantaki Yvoni , Palli Domenico , Pala Valeria , Panico Salvatore , Tumino Rosario , Vineis Paolo , Bas Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J.B. , van Gils Carla H. , Peeters Petra H.M. , Rodríguez Laudina , González Carlos A. , Sánchez María‐José , Chirlaque Maria‐Dolores , Barricarte Aurelio , Dorronsoro Miren , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Rodwell Sheila A. , Norat Teresa , Romaguera Dora , Riboli Elio 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMenopausal hormone therapy (HT) may influence colorectal cancer risk. A total of 136,275 postmenopausal women from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition were followed for an average of 9 years, during which time 1,186 colorectal cancers were diagnosed. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models stratified by center and age, and adjusted for body mass index, smoking, diabetes, physical activity and alcohol consumption. Compared to never use of HT at study enrolment, current use of estrogen‐only (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.79–1.31) or estrogen plus progestin (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.77–1.14) was not significantly associated with the risk of colorectal cancer, and these associations did not vary by recency, duration, route of administration, regimen or specific constituent of HT. Our results show no significant association of estrogen‐only or estrogen plus progestin therapy with colorectal cancer risk.
Nudix‐type motif 2 in human breast carcinoma: A potent prognostic factor associated with cell proliferation
Authors: Oka Kimako , Suzuki Takashi , Onodera Yoshiaki , Miki Yasuhiro , Takagi Kiyoshi , Nagasaki Shuji , Akahira Jun‐Ichi , Ishida Takanori , Watanabe Mika , Hirakawa Hisashi , Ohuchi Noriaki , Sasano Hironobu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNudix‐type motif 2 (NUDT2) hydrolyzes diadenosine 5′,5′′′‐p1,p4‐tetraphosphate (Ap4A) associated with various cellular functions. Previous studies demonstrated its regulation through estrogens, suggesting possible importance of NUDT2 in breast carcinoma. NUDT2, however, has not been examined in malignant tissues. Therefore, we examined its expression and functions in breast carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry for NUDT2 was examined by invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC: n = 145) and pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS: n = 82), and NUDT2 mRNA was examined by real‐time PCR in 9 DCIS, 19 IDC and 6 non‐neoplastic breast tissues. We also used T47D breast carcinoma cells in in vitro studies. NUDT2 immunoreactivity was detected in 78% of DCIS and 63% of IDC, and NUDT2 mRNA level was significantly higher in DCIS or IDC than non‐neoplastic breast. NUDT2 status was significantly correlated with Van Nuys classification, HER2 or Ki‐67 in DCIS, and with stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade or HER2 in IDC. NUDT2 status was significantly associated with adverse clinical outcome of IDC patients and proved an independent prognostic factor. Results of transfection experiments demonstrated that proliferation activity of T47D cells was significantly associated with NUDT2 expression level according to the treatment of estradiol and/or tamoxifen. NUDT2 expression was significantly decreased by estradiol, and it was also significantly decreased in T47D cells transfected with HER2 siRNA. These findings suggest that NUDT2 is an estrogen‐repressed gene and is also induced by HER2 pathways in breast carcinoma cells. NUDT2 promotes proliferation of breast carcinoma cells and is a potent prognostic factor in human breast carcinomas.
Torque calculation between circular coils with inclined axes in air
Authors: Babic Slobodan I. , Akyel Cevdet 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this paper we derive new semi‐analytical expressions for calculating the electromagnetic torque between inclined circular coils in air. The torque calculation has been obtained from the corresponding mutual inductance between inclined circular coils using the filament method. The coils of rectangular cross‐section whose centers are at the same and the different axes have been considered. From this general case it is possible to calculate the torque between all possible coil combinations either with rectangular or neglected cross‐section. Results obtained by the presented approach are in very good agreement with already published data. This method can be used for industrial electromagnetic devices such as torque sensors, transducers and torque‐measuring devices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, kinetics, and mechanism for adduct formation of tetraaza Schiff base cobalt(II) complexes with diorganotin(IV)dichlorides in dimethylformamide solvent
Authors: Asadi Mozaffar , Asadi Zahra , Mosalanezhad Fatemeh 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe kinetics and mechanism of the adduct formation of diorganotin(IV)dichlorides with Co(II) tetraaza Schiff base complexes, such as [Co(ampen)] {[N,N′‐ethylenebis‐(o‐amino‐α‐phenylbenzylideneiminato)cobalt(II)]}, [Co(campen)] {[N,N′‐ethylenebis‐(5‐chloro‐o‐amino‐α‐phenylbenzylideneiminato)cobalt(II)]}, and [Co(amaen)] {[N,N′‐ethylenebis‐(o‐amino‐α‐methylbenzylideneiminato)cobalt(II)]}, were studied spectrophotometrically. The kinetic parameters and the rate constant values show the following acceptor tendency trend for the diorganotin(IV)dichlorides: Ph2SnCl2> Me2SnCl2> Bu2SnCl2. Adducts have been separately synthesized and fully characterized by 119SnNMR, IR, UV–vis spectra, and elemental microanalysis (C,H,N) methods. The trend of the rate constants for the adduct formation of the cobalt complexes with a given tin acceptor decreases as follow: Co(amaen) > Co(ampen) > Co(campen). The linear plots of kobs vs. the molar concentration of the diorganotin(IV)dichlorides, the high span of the second‐order rate constant k2 values, and the large negative values of AS≠ suggest an associative (A) mechanism for the acceptor–donor adduct formation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 499–507, 2010
Heart rate as a risk factor in cardiovascular disease
Authors: McInnes Gordon , Padmanabhan Sandosh , Menown Ian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractResting heart rate has been shown in many studies to be an independent risk factor post‐ MI, in stable coronary artery disease and in heart failure. Despite this, heart rate is often not measured or considered when managing patients with cardiovascular disease. In this Expert Panel Discussion, the panel looks at the evidence for the association between heart rate and cardiovascular risk, and discusses current management guidelines and how the focus on this risk factor could be increased. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
EPR study of the crystalline polymerized phases of C60
Authors: Zhilinskaya Elena A. , Rakhmanina Alexandra V. , Davydov Valery A. , Agafonov Vyacheslav 
Published: June 2010

AbstractComparative electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of the monomer and 1D (orthorhombic) and 2D (tetragonal and rhombohedral) polymerized phases of C60 has been carried out. It was shown that the concentration of paramagnetic centers (PC) depends on the phase structure. Temperature dependences of the EPR spectra enabled separation of temperature‐dependent from temperature‐independent components of the main doublet signals, which were attributed to C radical (PC1) and to conducting electrons, respectively. Additional weak EPR signals, observed for the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases, were attributed to dimer PC2 formed by coupling of two PC1. Possible models for these centers are discussed.
Optical, structural, and electrical properties of Cu2O thin films
Authors: Akkari Ferid Chaffar , Kanzari Mounir 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGlancing‐angle deposition (GLAD) was used in this work to grow transparent oxide Cu2O thin films by annealing in air at 185 °C of copper films deposited firstly by this method onto glass substrates. The annealing temperature of 185 °C corresponds to the optimal temperature that corresponds to the formation of Cu2O phase. The copper was sculptured into a zigzag shape, which present case (i) one column with inclined angle θ, case (ii) two columns with inclined angles θ and −θ, and case (iii) three copper inclined columns with inclined angles θ, −θ, and θ where θ is the deposition angle between the incident flux and the substrate surface normal. The films after annealing have thicknesses of 165, 185, and 265 nm for cases (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively. The air‐annealed copper films were characterized for their structural, surface morphological; electrical and optical properties by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrical resistivity, and optical (transmittance and reflectance) measurement techniques. Optical studies show a direct allowed transition around 2.5 eV for the three cases. High absorptions coefficients in the range 2 × 105–3.7 × 106 cm−1 were found for photon energies higher than 2.7 eV. The Cu2O films exhibit in cases (i) and (ii) p‐type conductivity but in case (iii) the Cu2O films exhibit n‐type conductivity.
A stochastic learning automata‐based solution for intrusion detection in vehicularad hocnetworks
Authors: Misra Sudip , Krishna P. Venkata , Abraham Kiran Isaac 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA number of security concerns are associated with vehicularad hocnetworks (VANET) – some primarily related with the transmission issues between the vehicles and the base stations, while others related with the privacy of the end‐users. Security in VANET is of significant importance, considering the scale of the possible deployment of VANET and their role as a traffic manager. In this paper, we propose an intrusion detection system (IDS) for a typical VANET scenario. Our solution approach is underlain on the concepts of learning automata (LA). To the best of our knowledge, no attempts have been made so far to develop any LA‐based solution for VANETs. We have designed this system considering the privacy issues involved with the identification of each vehicle. We have evaluated the performance of our proposed solution by conducting a variety of experiments and have found our solution approach to be effective in detecting malicious packets in the system. Specifically, the proposed solution is capable of detecting up to around 90–95% of the malicious packets in the system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.