bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Niche‐specific contribution to streptococcal virulence of a MalR‐regulated carbohydrate binding protein
Authors: Shelburne III Samuel A. , Sahasrobhajane Pranoti , Suber Bryce , Keith David B. , Davenport Michael T. , Horstmann Nicola , Kumaraswami Muthiah , Olsen Randall J. , Brennan Richard G. , Musser James M. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryLow G+C Gram‐positive bacteria typically contain multiple LacI/GalR regulator family members, which often have highly similar amino‐terminal DNA binding domains, suggesting significant overlap in target DNA sequences. The LacI/GalR family regulator catabolite control protein A (CcpA) is a global regulator of the Group A Streptococcus (GAS) transcriptome and contributes to GAS virulence in diverse infection sites. Herein, we studied the role of the maltose repressor (MalR), another LacI/GalR family member, in GAS global gene expression and virulence. MalR inactivation reduced GAS colonization of the mouse oropharynx but did not detrimentally affect invasive infection. The MalR transcriptome was limited to only 25 genes, and a highly conserved MalR DNA‐binding sequence was identified. Variation of the MalR binding sequence significantly reduced MalR binding in vitro. In contrast, CcpA bound to the same DNA sequences as MalR but tolerated variation in the promoter sequences with minimal change in binding affinity. Inactivation of pulA, a MalR regulated gene which encodes a cell surface carbohydrate binding protein, significantly reduced GAS human epithelial cell adhesion and mouse oropharyngeal colonization but did not affect GAS invasive disease. These data delineate a molecular mechanism by which hierarchical regulation of carbon source utilization influences bacterial pathogenesis in a site‐specific fashion.
Periodontopathogen‐ and Host‐Derived Immune Response in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Alfakry H. , Paju S. , Sinisalo J. , Nieminen M. S. , Valtonen V. , Saikku P. , Leinonen M. , Pussinen P. J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOwing to molecular mimicry, periodontal pathogen carriage may result in a systemic cross‐reactive immune response with the host. The analyses were performed to investigate if serum antibody levels to human heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) are associated with the antibody levels and salivary carriage of two periodontal pathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, as well as with the dental status in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). ACS patients (n = 141) were monitored at baseline when entering to hospital, and after 1 week, 3 months and 1 year. Periodontal status was recorded by dental radiographs, and A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were detected by PCR from saliva at baseline. Serum IgG and IgA antibody levels were determined at all time points. All antibody levels remained quite stable during the follow‐up. Serum IgG‐class antibody levels to A. actinomycetemcomitans and HSP60 had a strong positive correlation with each other at all time points (r∼0.4, P < 0.05). Mean serum IgG antibody levels to HSP60 were significantly higher in the A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG‐ and IgA‐seropositive than in the seronegative patients, but did not differ between the pathogen carriers compared to the non‐carriers. HSP60 antibody levels did not differ significantly between the edentulous, non‐periodontitis and periodontitis patients. Despite the observed cross‐reactivity in the systemic IgG‐class antibody response to HSP60 and A. actinomycetemcomitans, the pathogen carriage in saliva or the periodontal status did not affect the HSP60 antibody levels in ACS patients.
Autoimmune response and repression of mitotic cell division occur in inter‐specific crosses between tetraploid wheat and Aegilops tauschii Coss. that show low temperature‐induced hybrid necrosis
Authors: Mizuno Nobuyuki , Shitsukawa Naoki , Hosogi Naoki , Park Pyoyun , Takumi Shigeo 
Published: June 2011

SummaryCommon wheat is an allohexaploid species originating from a naturally occurring inter‐specific cross between tetraploid wheat and the diploid wild wheat Aegilops tauschii Coss. Artificial allopolyploidization can produce synthetic hexaploid wheat. However, synthetic triploid hybrids show four types of hybrid growth abnormalities: type II and III hybrid necrosis, hybrid chlorosis, and severe growth abortion. Of these hybrid abnormalities, type II necrosis is induced by low temperature. Under low temperature, elongation of stems and expansion of new leaves is repressed in type II necrosis lines, which later exhibit necrotic symptoms. Here, we characterize type II necrosis in detail. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that a number of defense‐related genes were highly up‐regulated in seedling leaves that showed type II necrosis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed extensive cell death in the leaves under low‐temperature conditions, accompanied by abundant generation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, down‐regulation of cell cycle‐related genes was observed in shoot apices of type II necrosis lines under low‐temperature conditions. Quantitative RT‐PCR and in situ hybridization showed repression of accumulation of histone H4 transcripts in the shoot apical meristem of type II necrosis lines. These results strongly suggest that an autoimmune response‐like reaction and repression of cell division in the shoot apical meristem are associated with the abnormal growth phenotype in type II necrosis lines.
The ethylene response factor AtERF11 that is transcriptionally modulated by the bZIP transcription factor HY5 is a crucial repressor for ethylene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Zhuofu , Zhang Lixia , Yu Yanwen , Quan Ruidang , Zhang Zhijin , Zhang Haiwen , Huang Rongfeng 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThe phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene are known to play multiple roles in plant development and stress responses. Ethylene biosynthesis is affected by several factors including drought, cold and the phytohormone auxin, although the role of ABA is unclear. In this work ABA‐responsive mutants were screened and a bZIP transcription factor HY5 was identified as a negative regulator of ethylene biosynthesis via modulation of the expression of the ethylene biosynthesis genes ACS2 and ACS5. Members of the ethylene response factor (ERF) family of transcriptional repressors in Arabidopsis have been shown to modulate ABA responses and three ERF members were found to carry putative HY5‐binding cis‐acting elements. Analyses with biochemical and molecular approaches revealed that HY5 specifically binds to the G‐box region of the AtERF11 promoter to activate its transcription. We further demonstrate that AtERF11, which contains a repressor motif at its C‐terminal, interacts with the dehydration‐responsive element in the ACS2/5 promoters, to repress its expression, resulting in decreased ethylene biosynthesis. Moreover, an AtERF11 knockout mutant showed increased levels of ACS2/5 expression and ethylene emission, while treatment with ABA greatly suppressed ACS5 transcripts but not ACS2 expression and the ethylene content, indicating that AtERF11 is a key negative regulator for ABA‐mediated control of ethylene synthesis. In addition, in ethylene over‐producer mutants, ABA treatment was shown to suppress ACS5 transcripts and ethylene content, thereby affecting growth and development. Based on these data, in this research we present a model suggesting that the HY5–AtERF11 regulon is a key factor modulating ABA‐regulated ethylene biosynthesis.
Persistent, widespread papilloma formation on the penis of a horse: a novel presentation of equine papillomavirus type 2 infection
Authors: Knight Cameron G. , Munday John S. , Rosa Brielle V. , Kiupel Matti 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA 9‐year‐old gelding presented with approximately 100 papillomas that covered about 75% of the distal penis. Biopsy was performed, and histology showed evidence of viral cytopathic change and koilocytosis. Polymerase chain reaction using DNA extracted from biopsied tissue amplified equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV‐2) DNA sequences. Sixteen months later, the horse was re‐examined and the appearance of the papillomas was unchanged. Equine papillomavirus type 2 DNA sequences were again amplified from both biopsied tissue and swabs of the penis. Papillomavirus was localized to the lesions by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. An examination 2 years after the initial presentation revealed no detectable change in the appearance of the penis. The large number of papillomas and their failure to regress over an extended period support a clinical classification of papillomatosis. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of papillomatosis of the equine penis. This novel clinical manifestation suggests that persistent EcPV‐2 infection is possible in horses. As there is evidence that EcPV‐2 may promote development of equine penile squamous cell carcinoma, understanding the natural history of EcPV‐2 infections may be important in preventing equine penile neoplasia.
Osteoporosis: An ignored complication of CVID
Authors: Baris Safa , Ozen Ahmet , Ercan Hulya , Karakoc‐Aydiner Elif , Cagan Hasret , Ozdemir Cevdet , Barlan Metin , Bahceciler Nerin N. , Barlan Isil B. 
Published: June 2011

To cite this article: Baris S, Ozen A, Ercan H, Karakoc‐Aydiner E, Cagan H, Ozdemir C, Barlan M, Bahceciler NN, Barlan IB. Osteoporosis: An ignored complication of CVID. Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2011; 22: 676–683.AbstractBackground:  Multiple factors in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) might interfere with optimal growth and maturation and potentially compromise bone health.Methods:  We aimed to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) of patients with CVID using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and investigate risk factors associated with decreased bone density.Results:  Twenty‐two patients were included (M: 16, F: 6) with a mean age of 15.6 ± 9.0 yr. DEXA revealed osteopenia in 6/22 (27.3%) and osteoporosis in 9/22 (40.9%) at lumbar spine and osteopenia in 7/19 (37%) and osteoporosis in 3/19 (16%) at femoral neck sites. The age of subjects with osteoporosis was significantly higher than those without (21.6 ± 8.0 vs. 9.0 ± 5.7 yr; p < 0.0001). BMD z‐scores were significantly lower in patients with bronchiectasis compared with those without (p = 0.03). Patients with osteoporosis at femoral neck site had lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (p = 0.024), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) (p < 0.0001), PEF (p = 0.008), and FEF 25–75 (p = 0.013) values compared with the patients with normal BMD z‐scores. Low serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels were detected in 13/22 patients and low dietary calcium intake in 17/22 patients. BMD z‐scores at femoral neck were lower in patients with low B‐cell percentage (p = 0.03). BMD z‐score at lumbar spine was correlated with folate (r = +0.63, p = 0.004) and serum immunoglobulin G levels (r = +0.430, p = 0.04).Conclusion:  Osteoporosis appeared as an emerging health problem of patients with CVID, the risk increasing with older age and poorer lung function. Nutritional, biochemical, and immunologic factors appeared to take part in decreased BMD. Insight into the mechanisms of osteoporosis in CVID is crucial to develop preventive strategies.
Canine Mammary Tumours, an Overview
Authors: Sleeckx N , de Rooster H , Veldhuis Kroeze EJB , Van Ginneken C , Van Brantegem L 
Published: June 2011

ContentsCanine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms in intact female dogs. Although the prevalence of these tumours decreases in regions where preventive ovari(ohyster)ectomy is performed, it remains an important disease entity in veterinary medicine. Moreover, treatment options are limited in comparison with human breast cancer. Nevertheless, recent human treatment protocols might have potential in bitches suffering from CMTs.
Assessing opportunity and relocation costs of marine protected areas using a behavioural model of longline fleet dynamics
Authors: Dowling Natalie A , Wilcox Chris , Mangel Marc , Pascoe Sean 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIncreasing use of spatial management tools in fisheries requires an understanding of fleet response, and in particular to where displaced fishing effort is likely to move. We develop a state‐dependent decision‐making model to address the spatial allocation of effort in an Australian tuna longline fishery. We assume that fishers have an economic objective in deciding where to fish, but that decisions in any period are also influenced by the remaining quota held at the time of the decision. Key features of the model include endogenous price dynamics, a moving stock and a competitive pool of different vessel types operating from different port locations. We utilize this model to illustrate fleet responses to marine reserves and limits on fishing effort. The results illustrate that the model framework provides advantages over statistically based models in that decisions made in response to the imposition of a reserve are not consistent with a proportional reallocation of effort. Rather, the stochastic dynamic model yielded an overall profit level of ∼4% higher relative to scenarios with no reserve. Incorporating the opportunity cost of a quota into the model resulted in an optimal utilization of effort, in which effort was concentrated in time periods and locations yielding maximized profit. Under a low level of effort relative to the season length, the model indicated an overall profit level 43% greater than the highest obtained when the same level of effort was applied solely within any given quarter of the season.
THE KALECKIAN ANALYSIS OF DEMAND‐LED GROWTH
Authors: Sawyer Malcolm 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTA Kaleckian model is outlined to explore how far such a model can be said to provide a demand‐led view of growth. The first issue examined is whether demand‐determined economic activity can be extended into some form of long‐term analysis. The second issue arises from a comparison between the growth rate of the employment and that of the labour force where difference between them leads to rising or falling employment rate. Hence the question arises as to the adaptation of the growth rates, and this is examined in terms of the relationship between the demand side and supply side of the economy.
More than Just Contrarians: Insider Trading in Glamour and Value Firms
Authors: Gregory Alan , Tharyan Rajesh , Tonks Ian 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study examines the patterns of, and long‐run returns to, directors’ (insiders’) trades along the value‐glamour continuum in all stocks listed on the main London Stock Exchange and analyses what these directors’ trades add to a naïve value‐glamour strategy. We consider alternative definitions of value in defining trades and in the construction of our benchmark portfolios so that directors’ trades are evaluated net of any value‐glamour effect, variously defined. We find that directors consistently trade in a contrarian fashion, buying more value stocks and selling more glamour stocks, with purchases following price falls and sales following price rises. Directors’ buy signals in value stocks generate significant positive abnormal returns while the sell signals in glamour stocks generate smaller and generally insignificant negative returns. In contrast to the results from US studies, we find that the positive abnormal returns in value stocks persist for up to two‐years after the initial directors’ trading signal. Abnormal returns are particularly concentrated in smaller value stocks, and are robust to alternative definitions of value.
Passive immunization targeting pathological phospho‐tau protein in a mouse model reduces functional decline and clears tau aggregates from the brain
Authors: Boutajangout Allal , Ingadottir Johanna , Davies Peter , Sigurdsson Einar M. 
Published: June 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 118, 658–667.AbstractTargeting hyperphosphorylated tau by immunotherapy is emerging as a promising approach to treat tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. We have previously reported that active tau immunization clears tau aggregates from the brain and attenuates or prevents functional impairments in two different tangle mouse models. Here, we assessed the efficacy of passive immunization with the PHF1 antibody, which targets a phospho‐epitope within one of our active immunogens. Homozygous female tangle mice (JNPL3, 2–3 months) were injected intraperitoneally once per week with PHF1 or pooled mouse IgG (250 μg/125 μL; n = 10 per group) for a total of 13 injections. Their behavior was assessed at 5–6 months of age and brain tissue was subsequently harvested for analyses of treatment efficacy. The treated mice performed better than controls on the traverse beam task (p < 0.03), and had 58% less tau pathology in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (p = 0.02). As assessed by western blots, the antibody therapy reduced the levels of insoluble pathological tau by 14–27% (PHF1, p < 0.05; PHF1/total tau, p < 0.0001) and 34–45% (CP13 or CP13/total tau, p < 0.05). Levels of soluble tau and sarkosyl soluble tau were unchanged, compared with controls, as well as total tau levels in all the fractions. Plasma levels of PHF1 correlated inversely with tau pathology in the brainstem (p < 0.01), with a strong trend in the motor cortex (p < 0.06) as well as with insoluble total tau levels (p < 0.02), indicating that higher dose of antibodies may have a greater therapeutic effect. Significant correlation was also observed between performance on the traverse beam task and PHF1 immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus (p < 0.05) as well as with insoluble PHF1/total tau ratio on western blots (p < 0.04). These results show that passive immunization with tau antibodies can decrease tau pathology and functional impairments in the JNPL3 model. Future studies will determine the feasibility of this approach with other monoclonals and in different tangle models in which thorough cognitive assessment can be performed.
Long‐term salivary function after conditioning with busulfan, fractionated or single‐dose TBI
Authors: Garming‐Legert K , Remberger M , Ringdén O , Hassan M , Dahllöf G 
Published: June 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 670–676Objectives:  Does conditioning with fractionated total body irradiation (fTBI) or busulfan (Bu) causes less salivary dysfunction compared with single dose (sTBI) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Patients and methods:  A total of 74 adolescents below 13 years of age received allogeneic HSCT and conditioning with either: sTBI, fTBI or Bu. The unstimulated (USSR) and stimulated (SSSR) whole salivary secretion rates were measured at 15 years of age.Results:  Irrespective of conditioning type, there were no significant differences in USSR or SSSR between groups. Girls had a significantly lower SSSR, 0.7 ± 0.3 ml per min compared with 1.1 ± 0.4 ml per min in boys (P < 0.001). A significant correlation between age at HSCT and SSSR at 15 years of age (P = 0.02) in children conditioned with sTBI was found as well as an inverse correlation between the plasma area under curve (AUC) of Bu and SSSR. In the multivariate model, only female sex was significantly correlated with low SSSR at 15 years of age (OR 3.93, 95% CI 1.21–12.79; P = 0.021).Conclusion:  No differences in long‐term whole salivary function after HSCT in adolescents receiving conditioning with sTBI, fTBI or Bu were found. Total systemic exposure to Bu was negatively correlated with stimulated salivary secretion.
Genistein attenuates genioglossus muscle fatigue under chronic intermittent hypoxia by down‐regulation of oxidative stress level and up‐regulation of antioxidant enzyme activity through ERK1/2 signaling pathway
Authors: Ding WH , Liu YH 
Published: June 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 677–684Objective:  This study aims to investigate the effects of genistein on contractile properties of genioglossus under chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) conditions and its relationship with oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme, and ERK1/2 signaling pathway.Materials and Methods:  Fifty female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups 1 week after ovariectomy: the normal control group, the CIH group, the CIH with low‐dose, medium‐dose, and high‐dose genistein groups. Rats in the latter four groups were exposed to CIH for 5 weeks. Twitch tension, tetanic tension, and fatigue resistance of genioglossus were investigated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and ERK1/2 were detected.Results:  Muscle fatigue resistance and enzymatic activity of GPx, CAT, and SOD were reduced after CIH exposure and improved by different doses of genistein at different degrees. CIH increased the level of ROS and MDA, and they were returned to normal by genistein. The expression of phospho‐ERK1/2 is opposite to the changes in muscle fatigue resistance.Conclusion:  Chronic intermittent hypoxia decreases fatigue resistance of genioglossus, and genistein treatment reverses the fatigability of genioglossus by down‐regulation of oxidative stress level and up‐regulation of antioxidant enzymatic activity probably through ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Sustainable Value Analysis: Sustainability in a New Light  Results of the EU SVAPPAS Project Analyse de la valeur durable : Le projet SVAPPAS de l’Union européenne éclaire la durabilité sous un jour nouveau  Sustainable‐Value‐Analyse: Nachhaltigkeit in einem neuen Licht als Ergebnis des SVAPPAS‐Projekts der EU
Authors: Mondelaers Koen , Van Huylenbroeck Guido , Lauwers Ludwig 
Published: June 2011

summarySustainable Value Analysis: Sustainability in a New Light Results of the EU SVAPPAS ProjectMost sustainability measurement instruments apply a burden‐based perspective, with a focus on reducing negative environmental impacts. The Sustainable Value method offers two interesting new viewpoints. First, a value‐oriented approach to impact assessment is applied. Second, Sustainable Value assesses resource use from the perspective of the resource provider (the investor), rather than from the perspective of the resource user (the farm manager), or from the perspective of the casualty of resource use (the natural environment). The method compares the value created by a firm with a set of resources with the opportunity cost of the resources used, this being the value created by an appropriately chosen benchmark. The FP6 STREP EU‐project SVAPPAS (Sustainable Value Analysis of Policy and Performance in the Agricultural Sector) tested, elaborated and applied this new method in the agricultural sector. The project also checked the suitability of the EU FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) data for Sustainable Value analysis. Various modifications to the original method were suggested, such as the incorporation of production functions to calculate the benchmark opportunity costs. Further, extensions of the method for policy assessment and policy design were investigated. By doing so the project provided another lens to sustainability that may complement existing paradigms.