bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On combining linear-based strategies for tabled evaluation of logic programs
Authors: AREIAS MIGUEL , ROCHA RICARDO 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTabled evaluation is a recognized and powerful technique that overcomes some limitations of traditional Prolog systems in dealing with recursion and redundant subcomputations. We can distinguish two main categories of tabling mechanisms: suspension-based tabling and linear tabling. While suspension-based mechanisms are considered to obtain better results in general, they have more memory space requirements and are more complex and harder to implement than linear tabling mechanisms. Arguably, the SLDT and Dynamic Reordering of Alternatives (DRA) strategies are the two most successful extensions to standard linear tabled evaluation. In this work, we propose a new strategy, named dynamic reordering of solutions, and we present a framework, on top of the Yap system, that supports the combination of all these three strategies. Our implementation shares the underlying execution environment and most of the data structures used to implement tabling in Yap. We thus argue that all these common features allows us to make a first and fair comparison between these different linear tabling strategies and, therefore, better understand the advantages and weaknesses of each, when used solely or combined with the others.
Efficient instance retrieval of subgoals for subsumptive tabled evaluation of logic programs
Authors: CRUZ FLÁVIO , ROCHA RICARDO 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTabled evaluation is an implementation technique that solves some problems of traditional Prolog systems in dealing with recursion and redundant computations. Most tabling engines determine if a tabled subgoal will produce or consume answers by using variant checks. A more refined method, named call subsumption, considers that a subgoal A will consume from a subgoal B if A is subsumed by (an instance of) B, thus allowing greater answer reuse. We recently developed an extension, called Retroactive Call Subsumption, that improves upon call subsumption by supporting bidirectional sharing of answers between subsumed/subsuming subgoals. In this paper, we present both an algorithm and an extension to the table space data structures to efficiently implement instance retrieval of subgoals for subsumptive tabled evaluation of logic programs. Experiments results using the YapTab tabling system show that our implementation performs quite well on some complex benchmarks and is robust enough to handle a large number of subgoals without performance degradation.
Optimal placement of valves in a water distribution network with CLP(FD)
Authors: CATTAFI MASSIMILIANO , GAVANELLI MARCO , NONATO MADDALENA , ALVISI STEFANO , FRANCHINI MARCO 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a new application of logic programming to a real-life problem in hydraulic engineering. The work is developed as a collaboration of computer scientists and hydraulic engineers, and applies Constraint Logic Programming to solve a hard combinatorial problem. This application deals with one aspect of the design of a water distribution network, i.e., the valve isolation system design. We take the formulation of the problem by Giustolisi and Savić (2008 Optimal design of isolation valve system for water distribution networks. InProceedings of the 10th Annual Water Distribution Systems Analysis Conference WDSA2008, J. Van Zyl, A. Ilemobade, and H. Jacobs, Eds.) and show how, thanks to constraint propagation, we can get better solutions than the best solution known in the literature for the Apulian distribution network. We believe that the area of the so-calledhydroinformaticscan benefit from the techniques developed in Constraint Logic Programming and possibly from other areas of logic programming, such as Answer Set Programming.
Automatic network reconstruction using ASP
Authors: DURZINSKY MARKUS , MARWAN WOLFGANG , OSTROWSKI MAX , SCHAUB TORSTEN , WAGLER ANNEGRET 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBuilding biological models by inferring functional dependencies from experimental data is an important issue in Molecular Biology. To relieve the biologist from this traditionally manual process, various approaches have been proposed to increase the degree of automation. However, available approaches often yield a single model only, rely on specific assumptions, and/or use dedicated, heuristic algorithms that are intolerant to changing circumstances or requirements in the view of the rapid progress made in Biotechnology. Our aim is to provide a declarative solution to the problem by appeal to Answer Set Programming (ASP) overcoming these difficulties. We build upon an existing approach to Automatic Network Reconstruction proposed by part of the authors. This approach has firm mathematical foundations and is well suited for ASP due to its combinatorial flavor providing a characterization of all models explaining a set of experiments. The usage of ASP has several benefits over the existing heuristic algorithms. First, it is declarative and thus transparent for biological experts. Second, it is elaboration tolerant and thus allows for an easy exploration and incorporation of biological constraints. Third, it allows for exploring the entire space of possible models. Finally, our approach offers an excellent performance, matching existing, special-purpose systems.
Constraint-based deadlock checking of high-level specifications
Authors: HALLERSTEDE STEFAN , LEUSCHEL MICHAEL 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEstablishing the absence of deadlocks is important in many applications of formal methods. The use of model checking for finding deadlocks in formal models is often limited. In this paper, we propose a constraint-based approach to finding deadlocks employing the ProB constraint solver. We present the general technique, as well as various improvements that had to be performed on ProB's Prolog kernel, such as reification of membership and arithmetic constraints. This work was guided by an industrial case study, where a team from Bosch was modelling a cruise control system. Within this case study, ProB was able to quickly find counterexamples to very large deadlock-freedom constraints. In the paper, we also present other successful applications of this new technique. Experiments using SAT and SMT solvers on these constraints were thus far unsuccessful.
Complex optimization in answer set programming
Authors: GEBSER MARTIN , KAMINSKI ROLAND , SCHAUB TORSTEN 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPreference handling and optimization are indispensable means for addressing nontrivial applications in Answer Set Programming (ASP). However, their implementation becomes difficult whenever they bring about a significant increase in computational complexity. As a consequence, existing ASP systems do not offer complex optimization capacities, supporting, for instance, inclusion-based minimization or Pareto efficiency. Rather, such complex criteria are typically addressed by resorting to dedicated modeling techniques, likesaturation. Unlike the ease of common ASP modeling, however, these techniques are rather involved and hardly usable by ASP laymen. We address this problem by developing a general implementation technique by means of meta-prpogramming, thus reusing existing ASP systems to capture various forms of qualitative preferences among answer sets. In this way, complex preferences and optimization capacities become readily available for ASP applications.
Screening Of Antibiotic Producing Microorganism From Rhizoshphere Soil, Their Antibiotic Production And Characterization
Authors: Bhandare Vishwambhar , Chavre Sandip Mahadev 
Published: July 2011

AbstractRhizosphere soil samples were preferred as it contains most of the prospective antibiotic producers. In an attempt to screen out new potent antibiotic producers from soil, the Rhizobium species was isolated. Antibiotic produced by shake flask culture is found to be effective against both gram positive and gram negative organisms. This product was found to be a very promising antibiotic when assayed biologically. UV treatment showed positive effect on antibiotic production. The molecular structure of the antibiotic was identified by using advanced analytical techniques like UV Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, GCMS, NMR spectroscopy.
l(2)01810 is a novel type of glutamate transporter that is responsible for megamitochondrial formation
Authors: Shim Myoung Sup , Kim Jin Young , Lee Kwang Hee , Jung Hee Kyoung , Carlson Bradley A. , Xu Xue-Ming , Hatfield Dolph L. , Lee Byeong Jae 
Published: July 2011

l(2)01810 causes glutamine-dependent megamitochondrial formation when it is overexpressed in Drosophila cells. In the present study, we elucidated the function of l(2)01810 during megamitochondrial formation. The overexpression of l(2)01810 and the inhibition of glutamine synthesis showed that l(2)01810 is involved in the accumulation of glutamate. l(2)01810 was predicted to contain transmembrane domains and was found to be localized to the plasma membrane. By using 14C-labelled glutamate, l(2)01810 was confirmed to uptake glutamate into Drosophila cells with high affinity (Km=69.4 μM). Also, l(2)01810 uptakes glutamate in a Na+-independent manner. Interestingly, however, this uptake was not inhibited by cystine, which is a competitive inhibitor of Na+-independent glutamate transporters, but by aspartate. A signal peptide consisting of 34 amino acid residues targeting to endoplasmic reticulum was predicted at the N-terminus of l(2)01810 and this signal peptide is essential for the protein's localization to the plasma membrane. In addition, l(2)01810 has a conserved functional domain of a vesicular-type glutamate transporter, and Arg146 in this domain was found to play a key role in glutamate transport and megamitochondrial formation. These results indicate that l(2)01810 is a novel type of glutamate transporter and that glutamate uptake is a rate-limiting step for megamitochondrial formation.
Glycaemic variability affects ischaemia-induced angiogenesis in diabetic mice
Authors: Biscetti Federico , Pitocco Dario , Straface Giuseppe , Zaccardi Francesco , de Cristofaro Raimondo , Rizzo Paola , Lancellotti Stefano , Arena Vincenzo , Stigliano Egidio , Musella Tittania , Ghirlanda Giovanni , Flex Andrea 
Published: July 2011

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of GV (glycaemic variability) in diabetic vascular complications and to explore the molecular pathways modulated by glycaemic ‘swings’. We developed a murine model. A total of 30 diabetic mice received once daily basal insulin administration plus two oral boluses of glucose solution (GV group, named ‘V’) and 30 diabetic mice received once daily basal insulin plus two oral boluses of saline solution (stable hyperglycaemia group, named ‘S’) for a period of 30 days. Glycaemia was measured eight times daily to detect GV. Finally, postischaemic vascularization, induced by hindlimb ischaemia 30 days after diabetes onset, was evaluated. We found that GV was significantly different between S and V groups, whereas no significant difference in the mean glycaemic values was detected. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging and histological analyses revealed that the ischaemia-induced angiogenesis was significantly impaired in V mice compared with S group, after ischaemic injury. In addition, immunostaining and Western blot analyses revealed that impaired angiogenic response in V mice occurred in association with reduced VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) production and decreased eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and Akt (also called protein kinase B) phosphorylation. In conclusion, we describe a murine model of GV. GV causes an impairment of ischaemia-induced angiogenesis in diabetes, likely to be independent of changes in average blood glucose levels, and this impaired collateral vessel formation is associated with an alteration of the VEGF pathway.
Numerical simulations of the Macondo well blowout reveal strong control of oil flow by reservoir permeability and exsolution of gas
Authors: Oldenburg Curtis M. , Freifeld Barry M. , Pruess Karsten , Pan Lehua , Finsterle Stefan , Moridis George J. 
Published: July 2011

In response to the urgent need for estimates of the oil and gas flow rate from the Macondo well MC252-1 blowout, we assembled a small team and carried out oil and gas flow simulations using the TOUGH2 codes over two weeks in mid-2010. The conceptual model included the oil reservoir and the well with a top boundary condition located at the bottom of the blowout preventer. We developed a fluid properties module (Eoil) applicable to a simple two-phase and two-component oil-gas system. The flow of oil and gas was simulated using T2Well, a coupled reservoir-wellbore flow model, along with iTOUGH2 for sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification. The most likely oil flow rate estimated from simulations based on the data available in early June 2010 was about 100,000 bbl/d (barrels per day) with a corresponding gas flow rate of 300 MMscf/d (million standard cubic feet per day) assuming the well was open to the reservoir over 30 m of thickness. A Monte Carlo analysis of reservoir and fluid properties provided an uncertainty distribution with a long tail extending down to 60,000 bbl/d of oil (170 MMscf/d of gas). The flow rate was most strongly sensitive to reservoir permeability. Conceptual model uncertainty was also significant, particularly with regard to the length of the well that was open to the reservoir. For fluid-entry interval length of 1.5 m, the oil flow rate was about 56,000 bbl/d. Sensitivity analyses showed that flow rate was not very sensitive to pressure-drop across the blowout preventer due to the interplay between gas exsolution and oil flow rate.
Treatment of Acute Diarrhea With Saccharomyces boulardii in Infants
Authors: Corrêa Naflesia B.O. , Penna Francisco J. , Lima Fátima M.L.S. , Nicoli Jacques R. , Filho Luciano A.P. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to determine whether an oral treatment with a commercial pharmaceutical product containing Saccharomyces boulardii would reduce the duration of diarrhea in infants with acute diarrhea.Patients and Methods:In the present double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, 186 infants, 6 to 48 months old and hospitalized within 72 hours after the onset of acute diarrhea in 2 hospitals in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, were randomly assigned to receive twice per day for 5 days 200 mg of a commercial pharmaceutical product containing 4 × 109 viable cells of S boulardii or a placebo. Stool samples were submitted to search for rotavirus. Among the 176 infants who completed the trial, those treated with S boulardii (90) showed a reduction in diarrhea duration (P < 0.05) when compared with the placebo group (86).Results:The present study shows a reduction in diarrhea duration when S boulardii was given to children within 72 hours after the onset of acute diarrhea.Conclusions:The present study suggests a complementary treatment of acute diarrhea in infants with daily oral doses of S boulardii.
Benzoxazinoid Metabolites Regulate Innate Immunity against Aphids and Fungi in Maize
Authors: Ahmad Shakoor , Veyrat Nathalie , Gordon-Weeks Ruth , Zhang Yuhua , Martin Janet , Smart Lesley , Glauser Gaétan , Erb Matthias , Flors Victor , Frey Monika , Ton Jurriaan 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Benzoxazinoids (BXs), such as 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA), are secondary metabolites in grasses. The first step in BX biosynthesis converts indole-3-glycerol phosphate into indole. In maize (Zea mays), this reaction is catalyzed by either BENZOXAZINELESS1 (BX1) or INDOLE GLYCEROL PHOSPHATE LYASE (IGL). The Bx1 gene is under developmental control and is mainly responsible for BX production, whereas the Igl gene is inducible by stress signals, such as wounding, herbivory, or jasmonates. To determine the role of BXs in defense against aphids and fungi, we compared basal resistance between Bx1 wild-type and bx1 mutant lines in the igl mutant background, thereby preventing BX production from IGL. Compared to Bx1 wild-type plants, BX-deficient bx1 mutant plants allowed better development of the cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, and were affected in penetration resistance against the fungus Setosphaeria turtica. At stages preceding major tissue disruption, R. padi and S. turtica elicited increased accumulation of DIMBOA-glucoside, DIMBOA, and 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one-glucoside (HDMBOA-glc), which was most pronounced in apoplastic leaf extracts. Treatment with the defense elicitor chitosan similarly enhanced apoplastic accumulation of DIMBOA and HDMBOA-glc, but repressed transcription of genes controlling BX biosynthesis downstream of BX1. This repression was also obtained after treatment with the BX precursor indole and DIMBOA, but not with HDMBOA-glc. Furthermore, BX-deficient bx1 mutant lines deposited less chitosan-induced callose than Bx1 wild-type lines, whereas apoplast infiltration with DIMBOA, but not HDMBOA-glc, mimicked chitosan-induced callose. Hence, DIMBOA functions as a defense regulatory signal in maize innate immunity, which acts in addition to its well-characterized activity as a biocidal defense metabolite.
Experimental Evidence of Phosphoenolpyruvate Resynthesis from Pyruvate in Illuminated Leaves
Authors: Tcherkez Guillaume , Mahé Aline , Boex-Fontvieille Edouard , Gout Elisabeth , Guérard Florence , Bligny Richard 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Day respiration is the cornerstone of nitrogen assimilation since it provides carbon skeletons to primary metabolism for glutamate (Glu) and glutamine synthesis. However, recent studies have suggested that the tricarboxylic acid pathway is rate limiting and mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenation is partly inhibited in the light. Pyruvate may serve as a carbon source for amino acid (e.g. alanine) or fatty acid synthesis, but pyruvate metabolism is not well documented, and neither is the possible resynthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Here, we examined the capacity of pyruvate to convert back to PEP using 13C and 2H labeling in illuminated cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) leaves. We show that the intramolecular labeling pattern in Glu, 2-oxoglutarate, and malate after 13C-3-pyruvate feeding was consistent with 13C redistribution from PEP via the PEP-carboxylase reaction. Furthermore, the deuterium loss in Glu after 2H3-13C-3-pyruvate feeding suggests that conversion to PEP and back to pyruvate washed out 2H atoms to the solvent. Our results demonstrate that in cocklebur leaves, PEP resynthesis occurred as a flux from pyruvate, approximately 0.5‰ of the net CO2 assimilation rate. This is likely to involve pyruvate inorganic phosphate dikinase and the fundamental importance of this flux for PEP and inorganic phosphate homeostasis is discussed.
Negotiation as a style in child protection work
Authors: Magnuson Doug , Patten Nathan , Looysen Kevin 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTHow child protection professionals orient to the work can be described as a style, and in the two teams reported on here, a style is emerging that is characterized by reaching for and inviting ongoing negotiation with families, with allied professionals and colleagues, and a reflexivity that is the result of the attention focused on the professional and the need to continually defend the work and explain to others one's point of view. Negotiation is a political concept that blends the reality of State authority with the practice of taking seriously the goals and interests of clients as well as the goals and interests of allied professionals. For these teams, this practice is rooted in an identity of service to the client, the importance of the protection of children and long‐standing motivations common to the helping professions.
Grandparents raising grandchildren: negotiating the complexities of role‐identity conflict
Authors: Backhouse Jan , Graham Anne 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand the experience of grandparents who are raising their grandchildren in New South Wales, Australia. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 34 grandparents and their narratives transcribed and studied using paradigmatic analysis to reveal common themes among the stories told. Identity theory further informed the discussion of these findings. Woven throughout the grandparent narratives is a story of paradox – of experience simultaneously made up of pain/pleasure, myth/reality, inclusion/exclusion, being deserving/undeserving, visible/invisible and voiced/silenced. The findings signal a significant role‐identity conflict for grandparents who are parenting grandchildren. This study points to the need for policy and practice that more closely reflects the complexity of experience associated with the grandparent‐as‐parent role.
Effects of furosemide on allergic asthmatic responses in mice
Authors: Wang S. , Xiang Y.‐Y. , Ellis R. , Wattie J. , Feng M. , Inman M. D. , Lu W.‐Y. 
Published: July 2011

Summary
Background The syndrome of allergic asthma features reversible bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness as well as airway remodelling, including goblet cell hyperplasia. Managing severe asthma is still a clinical challenge. Numerous studies report that furosemide, an inhibitor of Na+–K+–Cl− cotransporter (NKCC) reduces airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthmatic patients. However, the mechanism by which furosemide exerts anti‐asthmatic action remains unclear.
Objective This study sought to investigate the cellular profile of NKCC1 expression in the lung and examine the effects of furosemide on several outcome measurements in a mouse model of allergic asthma.
Methods Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). Before challenge, the OVA‐sensitized mice were treated with furosemide (4.0 mg/kg/day, via daily intraperitoneal injection for 5 days). Outcome measurements in naïve, OVA‐exposure, furosemide‐treated naïve and furosemide‐treated OVA‐exposed mice included the slope of the relationship between inhaled methacholine (MCh) concentration and respiratory system resistance (Slope·RRS), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell counts and immunohistochemical and immunoblotting assays of lung tissues.
Results NKCC1 immunoreactivity was observed in airway epithelial cells (AECs) and alveolar type II (ATII) cells of the control mice. OVA exposure enhanced the expression of NKCC1 in AECs and ATII cells, and increased the infiltration of NKCC1‐expressing T lymphocytes in the lung. NKCC1 immunoreactivity was not detected in the airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. Furosemide treatment reduced the Slope·RRS in both naïve and OVA‐exposed mice by about 50%. Furosemide treatment also increased T lymphocyte infiltration to the lung in OVA‐exposed mice by approximately 53%, but had no effect on pulmonary goblet cell hyperplasia.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Furosemide decreases basal airway responsiveness, thereby reducing the extent of allergen‐induced AHR. However, the same treatment also increases T lymphocytes infiltration in the course of allergic asthma. Further studies are necessary to address the usefulness of furosemide in the clinical treatment of asthma.
Cite this as: S. Wang, Y.‐Y. Xiang, R. Ellis, J. Wattie, M. Feng, M. D. Inman and W.‐Y. Lu, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1456–1467.