bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot Study of the Sensory Over-Responsivity Scales: Assessment and Inventory
Authors: Schoen Sarah A. , Miller Lucy Jane , Green Kathy E. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This article describes 3 stages of construction of the Sensory Over-Responsivity (SensOR) Scales: instrument development, reliability and validity analyses, and cross-validation on a new sample. The SensOR Scales include the SensOR Assessment, an examiner-administered performance evaluation, and the SensOR Inventory, a caregiver self-rating scale. Both scales measure sensory overresponsivity in 7 sensory domains. Data were collected from 2 samples consisting of participants who were typically developing (ns = 60 and 44, respectively) and participants with sensory overresponsivity (ns = 65 and 48, respectively), ages 3 to 55. In developing the research edition, items on the pilot version were reviewed for their internal consistency reliability, discriminant validity, and construct validity. Data from both samples on the research edition revealed high internal consistency reliability for domains and the total test and significant discrimination between the overresponsive and the typically responsive groups (p &lt; .05). The preliminary psychometric integrity of the scales, along with continued research efforts, is an important contribution to evidence-based practice.
Reliability, Validity, and Clinical Utility of the Executive Function Performance Test: A Measure of Executive Function in a Sample of People With Stroke
Authors: Baum Carolyn M. , Connor Lisa Tabor , Morrison Tracy , Hahn Michelle , Dromerick Alexander W. , Edwards Dorothy F. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This study examined the reliability and validity of the Executive Function Performance Test (EFPT). The EFPT assesses executive function deficits in the performance of real-world tasks. It uses a structured cueing and scoring system to assess higher-level cognitive functions, specifically initiation, organization, sequencing safety and judgment, and task completion. Seventy-three participants with mild to moderate stroke and 22 age- and education-matched controls completed the 4 EFPT tasks (cooking, using the telephone, managing medications, and paying bills). Significant differences were found between participants with mild and moderate stroke and healthy control participants. The EFPT can help occupational therapists determine the level of support needed by people with cognitive impairments to perform complex instrumental tasks. Objective information derived from this assessment is an essential part of the process of determining whether the person can live independently and helping families understand how to support the performance of their family members at home.
Teaching Chewing: A Structured Approach
Authors: Eckman Nicholas , Williams Keith E. , Riegel Katherine , Paul Candace 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. A structured intervention was used to teach chewing to two children with special needs. Neither child had a history of chewing or eating high-textured food.
METHOD. The intervention combined oral–motor and behavior components to teach chewing. A multiple baseline design was used to evaluate treatment effectiveness.
RESULTS. Both children improved their chewing skills while increasing the texture of foods eaten and the variety of foods eaten.
CONCLUSION. This structured intervention could be used to teach chewing to a range of children who did not acquire this skill during normal development.
Relationship Between Performance-Based and Self-Reported Assessment of Hand Function
Authors: Rallon Celina R. , Chen Christine C. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To examine the relationships between self-reported and performance-based hand function.
METHOD. Thirty participants with hand function limitations completed the Manual Ability Measure (MAM–36) and the Upper Extremity Performance Test for the Elderly (TEMPA). Participants were categorized into two groups: (1) Dominant Hand Affected and (2) Nondominant Hand Affected. Correlations between the two assessments were examined. The speed of task execution and TEMPA scores were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS. A significant correlation was found between the MAM–36 and TEMPA Total Functional Rating (ρ = 0.79, p &lt; .05). Significant differences were found in the speed of execution of unilateral tasks and the Unilateral Functional Ratings between the two groups.
CONCLUSION. The MAM–36 is a promising assessment tool for measuring a client's perceived hand function. However, a performance-based assessment can supplement information about the quality and speed of hand-task performance.
Interrater Reliability of a New Handwriting Assessment Battery for Adults
Authors: Faddy Kathrine , McCluskey Annie , Lannin Natasha A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to develop, pilot, and evaluate the interrater reliability of a new Handwriting Assessment Battery for adults.
DESIGN. Test development included item selection and interrater reliability involving two raters.
METHOD. The test assessed pen control and manipulation, writing speed, and writing legibility. Ten people with brain injury completed the test with two occupational therapists independently rating 10 writing samples. Results were analyzed for reliability using kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1).
RESULTS. Pen control and manipulation subtests showed high to perfect agreement (line drawing subtest, κ = 1.0; dot subtest, κ = 0.80). The speed subtest showed perfect agreement (ICC = 1.0). Writing legibility showed high agreement for all five subtests (ICC = 0.71–0.83), although a ceiling effect was evident for two subtests.
CONCLUSION. Although the test showed excellent interrater reliability, further reliability and validity testing are needed before the test is used clinically.
Occupational Therapy and the Journal Citation Reports: 10-Year Performance Trajectories
Authors: Anthony Holguin Jess 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to document performance of occupational therapy journals on the metrics of the Journal Citation Reports (JCR), the annually appearing index used as a yardstick to assess the quality of scholarly publications. Outcomes for the field's two indexed journals, the American Journal of Occupational Therapy and OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, were assessed over a 10-year period (1996–2005) to determine their overall standing and patterns of change on each of the JCR's five metrics. The mean category ranking for the two journals was generally above the 50th percentile. However, they performed least adequately and evidenced a downward trend over time on the most widely used metric (the journal impact factor). Possible reasons underlying this latter result are explored, pressing implications of the overall findings for practice and research are discussed, and strategic steps toward ethically safeguarding the profession's viability are offered.
Social Justice and Resource Utilization in a Community-Based Organization: A Case Illustration of the Role of the Occupational Therapist
Authors: Braveman Brent , Suarez-Balcazar Yolanda 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Social justice and occupational justice have received increased attention in the occupational therapy literature. This evolving discourse has focused on establishing a connection between the effects of social injustice and the resulting negative influences on occupational participation. This literature has also addressed the role of occupational therapists in responding to social injustice at the societal, population, or individual levels. We examine the two most well-known theories of social justice to understand the responsibility of organizations, institutions, or governments in providing for people who have experienced difficulties in maintaining self-sufficiency. We use two case examples to illustrate how community-based organizations act as brokers of human, financial, and other resources and the challenges they face in distributing these resources in a manner consistent with social justice concepts. Finally, we suggest how an occupational therapist might assist such organizations in fairly distributing resources by applying occupational therapy paradigmatic knowledge and skills.
Social and Occupational Justice Barriers in the Transition From Foster Care to Independent Adulthood
Authors: Paul-Ward Amy 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The professional discourse on social justice suggests that more critical work is needed to sufficiently address the societal issues that affect occupational therapy practitioners’ ability to advocate for and with clients. Occupational therapy offers unique opportunities for the scholarly discussion of social justice and for clinical practice to address these issues. This article discusses the importance of incorporating a social justice perspective into occupational therapy by using an example from the author's research program. The experiences of adolescents in foster care were documented in an ongoing qualitative participatory study. An overview of adolescents’ (N = 40) perceived independent living and vocational service needs is provided, and several barriers that affect adolescents’ ability to develop the skills needed to achieve independent adulthood are described. The article concludes with a discussion of social justice implications as they relate to the myriad issues in the foster care system, occupational therapy research, and practice.
Sociodemographic Effects on Activities Preference of Typically Developing Israeli Children and Youths
Authors: Engel-Yeger Batya 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To describe activity preferences of typically developing Israeli Jewish children; examine the effect of age, gender, and sociodemographic variables on these preferences; and add information about the construct validity and reliability of the Preference Assessment of Children (PAC; King et al., 2004).
METHOD. A total of 310 typically developing Jewish Israeli children and youths ages 5–16 years completed the PAC.
RESULTS. Differences in activity preferences were found between genders. Younger children preferred to participate in more PAC scales than did older children. Additional sociodemographic variables were correlated with specific activity preferences.
CONCLUSIONS. Sociodemographic variables may affect children's activity preferences. However, the specific characteristics of the Israeli setting had additional effects on the results. Elaborating on knowledge about people's preferred activities and about the factors that affect those preferences may assist in occupational therapy evaluation and intervention. PAC was found to be a sensitive for examining the impact of sociodemographic variables on children's activity preferences.
Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Rieke Eric F. , Anderson Diane 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We sought to describe how the sensory processing of adults with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) differs from that of the general population within the context of Dunn's (1997) model of sensory processing and to evaluate the discriminant validity of the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP).
METHOD. Using unequal variance t tests, the AASP results of 51 adults with OCD were compared with the means of the AASP standardization study's adult age group.
RESULTS. Adults with OCD scored higher than the means of the AASP standardization study's adult age group on sensory sensitivity and sensation avoiding, consistent with predictions based on the OCD literature. Adults with OCD also scored higher on low registration and lower on sensation seeking.
CONCLUSIONS. The results provide a preliminary description of how the sensory processing of adults with OCD differs from that of the general population and preliminary support for the AASP's discriminant validity.
Parent Reports of Sensory Experiences of Preschool Children With and Without Autism: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dickie Virginia A. , Baranek Grace T. , Schultz Beth , Watson Linda R. , McComish Cara S. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This study describes sensory experiences of children with and without autism. Parents of 66 preschoolers (29 typically developing; 37 with autism) described situations in which their child had “good” and “bad” sensory experiences and their perception of how these situations felt to the child. The most common unpleasant experiences for both groups related to sound; the most common pleasant experiences involved touch and movement. Children with autism were reported to have more extreme or unusual experiences and negative food-related experiences than typically developing peers. Parental explanations for children's responses focused on the qualities of the child, stimulus, or context. Parents of children with autism were more likely to recognize elements in their children's experiences as being sensory and to attribute those responses to aspects of autism. Parents’ positive response to the interview itself was an unexpected result with clinical relevance.
Interrater Reliability of Students Using Hand and Pinch Dynamometers
Authors: Lindstrom-Hazel Debra , Kratt Andrew , Bix Laura 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We sought to analyze the interrater reliability of occupational therapy students using standard hand-strength instruments.
METHOD. Seventy-three healthy students, faculty, and staff members from a midwestern university participated in this study. Each participant completed three trials for both grip and pinch strength bilaterally. Two student raters independently scored each trial.
RESULTS. The interrater reliability of the grip and pinch strength trials was determined using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) one-way random effects model (1,1). The ICC for the Jamar dynamometer ranged from .996 to .998 (p &lt; .05). The ICC of the pinch gauge ranged from .949 to .990 (p &lt; .05).
CONCLUSION. This study demonstrated that occupational therapy students can be reliable raters after being trained and tested for competency. To improve psychometric properties for instruments commonly used in the profession, students can participate in collecting normative data for hand-held dynamometry.
Therapeutic Use of Self: A Nationwide Survey of Practitioners’ Attitudes and Experiences
Authors: Taylor Renee R. , Lee Sun Wook , Kielhofner Gary , Ketkar Manali 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Practitioners’ preparation for, attitudes toward, and experience of the therapeutic relationship and use of self were explored using a survey study with a random sample of 1,000 American Occupational Therapy Association members. Participants reported a high value for the therapeutic relationship and use of self; most felt that they were inadequately trained and that the field lacks sufficient knowledge in these areas. Regardless of practitioners’ age, gender, experience level, setting, treatment intensity, and client impairment, those who placed higher value on the use of self and had more training related to the therapeutic use of self were more likely to report interpersonal difficulties and feelings of positive regard for clients and were more likely to report concerns about clients. The findings suggest that more attention needs to be paid to the therapeutic relationship and to the therapeutic use of self in education and in research.
Sensory Sensitivities of Gifted Children
Authors: Gere Douglas R. , Capps Steve C. , Mitchell D. Wayne , Grubbs Erin 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Gifted children often display sensitivities to their environment that vary from those of the general population. Data were gathered on 6- to 11-year-old gifted children attending a public elementary school gifted program. Parents completed Dunn's (1999) Sensory Profile questionnaire regarding their child. Two primary analyses were conducted: (1) a comparison of the gifted children's sensory sensitivity with Sensory Profile norms and (2) an examination of the internal consistency of the Sensory Profile for the gifted sample. Gifted children were more sensitive to their environment and reacted with heightened emotional and behavioral responses than did children of average intelligence. Internal consistencies for the 14 Sensory Profile sections and the Sensory Profile factors for the gifted sample were found to be equal to the reported norms of the Sensory Profile. These findings further support that gifted children may have important sensory modulation differences and add to our understanding of gifted children.
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries and Disorders Among Occupational and Physical Therapists
Authors: Darragh Amy R. , Huddleston Wendy , King Phyllis 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Occupational therapists are at risk of work-related injuries (WRIs) because of the demanding nature of their work. However, information about WRIs and musculoskeletal disorders among occupational therapists is limited. For comparison, research indicates that up to 91% of physical therapists experience work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and pain. The purpose of this study was to gather new information about the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and injuries among occupational therapists and to compare this information with physical therapists in the state of Wisconsin. Investigators mailed surveys to 3,297 randomly selected physical and occupational therapists living in Wisconsin. Results indicated a 2006 annual incidence rate of 16.5 injuries per 100 full-time workers among occupational therapists and 16.9 injuries per 100 full-time workers among physical therapists, a rate similar to workers employed in heavy manufacturing. Occupational therapists and physical therapists face similar and significant risks of injury and WMSDs.
Infinite Distance Between the I and the It
Authors: Yerxa Elizabeth J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Traditional science and medical practice in the 21st century often separate the I of consciousness, the person who experiences daily life, from the it of an object that can be probed, tested, and fixed. This separation may also influence the development of occupational science and the practice of occupational therapy to the detriment of the profession. Occupation must be done and experienced by an I who initiates it and is conscious of its effects. Occupational science needs to become an integral science uniting the I of intention with the it of behavior, the we of cultures and the they of social systems. Our scholars need to debate the unique nature of our science, identify the ethics and values central to inquiry and intervention, and broaden and personalize the evidence sought to demonstrate the efficacy of practice. The mission of integral occupational science will be to promote human flourishing.
Perceived Levels of Cultural Competence Among Occupational Therapists
Authors: Suarez-Balcazar Yolanda , Rodawoski Juleen , Balcazar Fabricio , Taylor-Ritzler Tina , Portillo Nelson , Barwacz Dariusz , Willis Celestine 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Occupational therapists confront issues of cultural diversity more than ever before because of the increased number of clients seen in their professional practice who are of differing racial or cultural backgrounds. In this study, we examine perceived cultural competence in a sample of 477 occupational therapists. The study's results indicate that among the variables that most affected how therapists rate their level of cultural competence were prior training and favorable attitudes toward cultural competence. Prior training, both formal and informal, was positively correlated with higher levels of cultural competence. In addition, practitioners who placed more value on cultural competence and felt more culturally competent to address the needs of diverse clients scored higher across all of the dimensions of cultural competence measured. These dimensions included cultural awareness and knowledge, cultural skills, and organizational support for multicultural practice. The results have implications for teaching, research, and practice in occupational therapy.
Measuring Stroke Survivors’ Functional Status Independence: Five Perspectives
Authors: Shih Min-Mei , Rogers Joan C. , Skidmore Elizabeth R. , Irrgang James J. , Holm Margo B. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
An understandable measure to describe disabilities after stroke is important for clinical practice; practitioners often use multiple measures that contain different scoring systems and scales to rate activities of daily living (ADL) independence. We compared the construct of independence in five measures used with stroke survivors. The measures evaluated independence of the stroke survivors somewhat differently. The Rasch analysis Partial Credit Model converted items from these measures to a single metric, yielding an item difficulty hierarchy of all items from the measures. Data from the measures should be interpreted carefully because other concepts or constructs in addition to ADL independence are included in some of the measures. Rasch diagnostics regarding construct validity and reliability of the combined measures also indicated that these measures are not interchangeable. Although the items of the combined ADL measures were unidimensional, they measured independence from multiple perspectives, and the scale of the combined measures was not linear.
Reengagement in Meaningful Occupations During the Transition From Hospital to Home for People With Acquired Brain Injury and Their Family Caregivers
Authors: Turner Benjamin , Ownsworth Tamara , Cornwell Petrea , Fleming Jennifer 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To explore people's lived experiences of reengagement in meaningful occupations during the hospital-to-home transition phase after acquired brain injury (ABI).
METHOD. Participants included 20 people with ABI and 18 family caregivers. On the basis of a phenomenological approach, data collection entailed in-depth semistructured interviews at predischarge and 1 and 3 months postdischarge. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts involved open, axial, and selective coding techniques.
RESULTS. Two primary themes emerged from the analysis: desired versus actual participation and struggle for independence. Theme 1 depicts the key occupations of importance to people and their caregivers during transition and explores desired and actual participation in occupations. Theme 2 highlights the struggle to regain independence and the differing perspectives of the 2 participant groups concerning this process.
CONCLUSION. Clinical practice implications relate to client-centered goal setting, contexts and environments in which therapy occurs, and provision of information to patients and families.
Showering Habits: Time, Steps, and Products Used After Brain Injury
Authors: Reistetter Timothy A. , Chang Pei-Fen J. , Abreu Beatriz C. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This pilot study describes the showering habits of people with brain injury (BI) compared with those of people without BI (WBI).
METHOD. The showering habits of 10 people with BI and 10 people WBI were measured and compared. A videotaped session recorded and documented the shower routine.
RESULTS. The BI group spent longer time showering, used more steps, and used fewer products than the WBI group. A moderately significant relationship was found between time and age (r = .46, p = .041). Similarly, we found significant correlations between number of steps and number of products used (r = .64, p = .002) and between the number of products used and education (r = .47, p = .044).
CONCLUSION. Results suggest that people with BI have showering habits that differ from those WBI. Correlations, regardless of group, showed that older people showered longer, and people with more education used more showering products.