bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A SECOND SPECIES OF THE DRYWOOD TERMITE GENUS MARGINITERMES (ISOPTERA: KALOTERMITIDAE)
Authors: Myles Timothy G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA second species of the dry wood termite genus Marginitermes Krishna is described from Baja California del Sur, Mexico, and a redescription of the genus is provided. Soldier head capsules, mandibles, antennae, labra, postmenta, and pronota are illustrated for Marginitermes cactiphagus Myles sp.nov. and Marginitermes hubbardi (Banks). Both species occur in dead skeletons of columnar cacti and other wood species. Both species differ from related drywood termites in the structure of the proventricular armature, suggestive of unique adaptation for intestinal manipulation of cactus wood fibres. Marginitermes is shown to be related to a western continental subgroup of Incisitermes comprised of I. minor (Hagen), I. marginipennis (Latreille), and I. fruticavus Rust.
PTOMAPHAGUS INYOENSISN.SP., A NEW MICROPHTHALMIC MONTANE BEETLE FROM CALIFORNIA (COLEOPTERA; LEIODIDAE; CHOLEVINAE; PTOMAPHAGINI)
Authors: Peck Stewart B. , Gnaspini Pedro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPtomaphagus inyoensisis described from Poleta Cave, Inyo County, California. Its reduced, but present, eyes and reduced flight wings suggest that it is a deep soil species. The spermatheca shape and other characters suggest that it is in a group withPtomaphagus fisusHorn, a species widespread in animal nests and burrows in the southwest,Ptomaphagus cocytusPeck, a cave-restricted species from the Grand Canyon of Arizona, andPtomaphagus manzanoPeck, a montane litter species from New Mexico. A comparative morphological analysis of the group is presented.
EFFET DU RAYONNEMENT LUMINEUX ET DE LA VITESSE DE L’AIR AMBIANT SUR LA TEMPÉRATURE CORPORELLE DES LARVES ET DES ADULTES DU DORYPHORE DE LA POMME DE TERRE
Authors: Pelletier Yvan , Bélanger Gilles 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe effect of light intensity and wind speed on the body temperature of larvae and adults of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say)) was studied in the laboratory. At a light intensity of 0.95 kW m−2and without wind, the body temperature of larvae and adults was respectively 9.3 and 18.2 °C higher than air temperature. The temperature difference between the body temperature of larvae and adults and the air temperature increased linearly with an increase in light intensity. Wind speed had an important effect on the rate of increase of the body temperature as a function of light intensity in both larvae and adults. Our results demonstrated that the energy balance of larvae and adults differs.
THE CHALCID SEED WASP, MEGASTIGMUS NIGROVARIEGATUS HYMENOPTERA: TORYMIDAE, ON ROSA RUGOSA THUNB. IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Gillan Tanya L. , Richardson David H.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo naturalized populations and two planted populations of Rosa rugosa Thunb. were studied with respect to chalcid seed wasp infestation. Megastigmus nigrovariegatus Ashmead was found in hips from planted R. rugosa in Halifax and Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, but not from bushes at naturalized sites. The percentage of infested hips at the Halifax and Dartmouth locations was 26 and 31%, respectively. The percentage of infested achenes within a single hip varied widely from 3 to 79% at the Halifax site and 7 to 60% at the Dartmouth site.Adult emergence was over 75% successful when achenes were over 2 mm in diameter but less than 15% for smaller achenes. The exit hole on the achene faced the outer wall of the hip. Adults emerged later in Nova Scotia than in the United States and between 59 and 72% were female. More than one adult wasp was observed ovipositing on a single hip.
VARIATION IN WEIGHT OF ALEOCHARA BILINEATA (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) IN RELATION TO HOST SIZE AND REPRODUCTION
Authors: Langlet X. , Boivin G. , Brunel E. , Nénon J.P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNo sexual dimorphism in weight was observed at emergence of adult Aleochara bilineata Gyll. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). The weight of adults was strongly correlated with the size of the pupa in which the parasitoid developed. Newly emerged adults increased in weight after feeding, and this increase was greater in females than in males, reflecting the beginning of oogenesis. We showed that females invested simultaneously in reproduction and somatic functions the first day following mating. Although males and females showed no significant differences in weight at emergence, the females fed actively upon emergence and weighed significantly more than the males for 30 days after emergence. After that period, most of the eggs has been laid and both male and female weights were similar.
REVISION OF NORTH AMERICAN AGABUS (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE): THE SEMIVITTATUS-GROUP
Authors: Larson D.J. , Wolfe R.W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Agabus semivittatus-group is revised. The group, which is restricted to temperate North America, contains six species: Agabus semivittatus LeConte, which is almost transcontinental; Agabus johannis Fall in peninsular Florida; Agabus astrictovittatus new species along the Atlantic coast from New York to northern Florida and Alabama; Agabus stagninus (Say) along the Atlantic coast from New York to Florida and along the Gulf of Mexico coast to Louisiana; Agabus flavovittatus new species with a wide distribution east of the Great Plains, from southern Ontario to Mississippi and eastern Texas but not along the Atlantic coast; and Agabus texovittatus new species in Texas. Agabus stagninus and A. flavovittatus hybridize in southeastern Pennsylvania. The placement of Agabus texanus Sharp as a junior synonym of A. semivittatus is confirmed. A lectotype is designated for Agabus spilotus LeConte (= A. semivittatus). A neotype is designated for A. stagninus. A key to species is presented and, for each species, the following information is provided: description; illustrations of taxonomically important characters; morphological measurements on selected population samples; notes on relationships, variation, and ecology; and a map of collection localities. A cladistic analysis of the relationships of the group within Agabus indicated that the americanus-, spinipes-, and confusus-groups belong to the same clade as the semivittatus-group and that the seriatus-group is sister to this clade. Within the semivittatus-group, there are three well-defined subgroups as follows: A. semivittatus; A. johannis and A. astrictovittatus; and A. stagninus, A. flavovittatus, and A. texovittatus.
THE ROLE OF NUTRITION AND TEMPERATURE IN THE OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORKER HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA)
Authors: Lin Huarong , Winston Mark L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractQueenless, caged, newly emerged worker bees (Apis melliferaL.) were fed honey, 22 and 40% pollen in honey, and 22 and 40% royal jelly in honey for 14 days. Workers fed royal jelly, pollen, and honey had large, medium, and small ovaries, respectively. Royal jelly had higher nutritive value for workers’ ovarian development than did pollen, possibly because royal jelly is predigested by nurse bees and easily used by adult and larval bees. These results suggest that nurse bees could mediate workers’ ovarian development in colonies via trophallactic exchange of royal jelly. Six levels of royal jelly in honey, 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% (royal jelly without honey), were tested for their effects on workers’ ovarian development and mortality for 10 days. High levels of royal jelly increased ovarian development, but also increased worker mortality. All caged bees treated with 100% royal jelly died within 3 days. When workers were incubated at 20, 27, and 34 °C for 10 days, only bees at 34 °C developed ovaries. These findings suggest that nurse bees functioning as units which digest pollen and produce royal jelly may feed some potentially egg-laying workers in a brood chamber with royal jelly when a queen is lost in a colony. Feeding workers a diet of 50% royal jelly in honey and incubating at 34 °C for 10 days is recommended for tests of ovarian development.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE TICK GENUS IXODES (ACARI: IXODIDAE) PARASITIC ON MUSTELIDS (MAMMALIA: CARNIVORA) IN CANADA
Authors: Lindquist Evert E. , Wu King Wan , Redner James H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIxodes (Pholeoixodes) gregsoni sp.nov. is described from adult females, nymphs, and larvae collected from the boreal forests of eastern Canada on American mink, Mustela vison Schreber, a species of weasel, Mustela sp., and American marten, Martes americana (Turton) (Carnivora: Mustelidae). Its morphological attributes, hosts, and distribution are compared with those of apparently its most closely related species, Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) texanus Banks.
THREE NEW SPECIES OFAPHIS(HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) LIVING ONMULINUM(UMBELLIFERAE) IN SOUTH AMERICA
Authors: Nafría J.M. Nieto , Ortego J. , Durante M.P. Mier 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAphis martinezisp.nov. andAphis paravanoisp.nov. from Argentina andAphis robertisp.nov. from Argentina and Chile are described. These new species live on the South American plants of the genusMulinumPersoon, 1805, as doAphis muliniHille Ris Lambers andAphis mulinicolaHille Ris Lambers, which were previously described from Argentina. A key for the apterous viviparous females of these five species is given.
POLYPLOIDY AND PREVITELLOGENIC FOLLICULAR ATRESIA DURING OOGENESIS IN THE EUROPEAN EARWIG FORFICULA AURICULARIA (DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE)
Authors: Tourneur Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGrowth, number of fusions, and polyploidy of ovarian trophocytes were studied in the European earwig, Forficula auricularia L., from the imaginal moult to oviposition, by examining sections of ovarioles and whole mounts of ovaries. During a reproductive cycle, the nucleus of the basal trophocyte enlarges its mean diameter from 5 to 170 ± 33 μm, successively absorbing the trophocyte nuclei of both adjacent follicles and undergoing seven endoreplications. The nucleus thus increased its DNA content 192 times, which is 66.7% more than in the artioploid type of polyploidy. However, vitellogenesis lasted about three times longer than previtellogenesis. This type of polyploidy accelerates oogenesis, allows an earlier oviposition, and may constitute an adaptation specific for the Montréal population of earwigs.
EFFECT OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ON FEEDING AND ENERGY USE BY PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) AND TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE)
Authors: Abdel-Razek A.S. , Salama H.S. , White N.D.G. , Morris O.N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInvestigations were conducted to quantify the effects of treatment of cracked wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (Gramineae), kernels with sublethal and median-lethal concentrations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner 1915 (Eubacteriales: Bacillaceae) on the energy use by Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) 1813 and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) 1797 larvae. Cumulative food consumption and egestion during insect development and the weight and energy values of adult insects were determined and oxygen consumption was estimated. At sublethal (4 μg/g wheat for P. interpunctella, 250 μg/g wheat for T. castaneum) and median-lethal (18 μg/g wheat for P. interpunctella, 1950 μg/g wheat for T. castaneum) concentrations, food consumption during development decreased from controls by 9.1% and 47.1%, respectively, for P. interpunctella and 14.4% and 38.2%, respectively, for T. castaneum. Egestion decreased by 9.5% and 61.5% for P. interpunctella and 19.4% and 47.3% for T. castaneum at these respective concentrations. Increasing B. thuringiensis had negative effects on food consumption and energy use by the insects. Levels of B. thuringiensis lower than required for complete control may assist in protecting grain from stored-product insects.
BIODIVERSITY OF COLLEMBOLA IN SUGAR MAPLE (ACERACEAE) FORESTS
Authors: Therrien Fernand , Chagnon Madeleine , Hébert Christian 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCollembola of 12 sugar maple forests of southern Quebec were surveyed through pit-light trapping and soil core extraction. These two sampling techniques were highly complementary, as pit-light traps are more efficient for sampling epigaeic species while soil core extractions are more efficient for hypogaeic species. A total of 108 species representing 38 genera and seven families was collected. Nine genera and 67 species are new records for the province of Quebec and 12 species are new records for Canada. The distribution of species among the different sites is summarized and taxonomic remarks are provided for 20 problematic species. A low percentage of the Quebec collembolan fauna is shared with Ontario and Newfoundland, which probably reflects an incomplete inventory of the fauna rather than highly different regional patterns in collembolan communities. The use of these two complementary sampling techniques is suggested to improve the inventory of Collembola in future research.
INFLUENCE OF AGE AND POPULATION SIZE ON OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT, AND OF TROPHALLAXIS ON OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT AND VITELLOGENIN TITRES OF QUEENLESS WORKER HONEY BEE (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)
Authors: Lin Huarong , Winston Mark L. , Haunerland Norbert H. , Slessor Keith N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe examined the factors that might influence ovary development in worker honey bees, Apis mellifera L. Queenless workers at different ages (≤ 12 h, and 4, 8, and 21 d) were tested in cages for ovarian development. Newly emerged, 4- and 8-d-old, and 21-d-old workers had medium-, large-, and small-sized ovaries, respectively, suggesting that of the worker ages tested only 4- and 8-d-old workers are likely to become egg layers in a queenless colony. Also, we compared ovarian development of newly emerged workers that were caged for 14 d and allowed to consume either pollen or royal jelly to that of another group of workers similarly caged but screened so that they could only obtain food via trophallaxis from young bees. Ovaries of newly emerged workers that received food from young bees were as well developed as those of newly emerged workers allowed to take pollen or royal jelly directly. Screened workers also had lower but still elevated vitellogenin levels compared with bees having direct access to food. These results indicate that nurse-age bees functioning as pollen-digesting units affect the ovarian development of other workers and to a lesser extent vitellogenesis via food exchange. We compared the influence of group sizes of 25, 125, and 600 bees per cage on ovarian development for 14 d. The two groups of 25 and 125 bees had similar mean ovary scores, and higher scores than a group of 600 bees. Our findings suggest that nurse-age bees could play an important role in mediating worker fertility via trophallaxis, possibly by differentiating worker dominance status, and generally only young workers become fertile when a queen is lost in a colony. Vitellogenin is a more sensitive parameter to measure bee fertility, and might be a useful tool to further explore ovary development and egg laying in worker social insects. We recommend measuring haemolymph vitellogenin titres and (or) oocyte length of workers in a group of 25 bees per cage, supplied with 50% royal jelly in honey as a standard method to assess honey bee worker fertility in future experiments.
DISRUPTION OF MATING IN THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) USING SYNTHETIC SEX PHEROMONE
Authors: Trimble R.M. , Tyndall C.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe potential for using synthetic sex pheromone to disrupt mating of spotted tentiform leafminers,Phyllonorycter blancardella(F.), was evaluated in four experimental and two commercial apple,Malus domestica(Borkh) (Rosaceae), orchards in Ontario during 1992 and 1993. The average disruption index [i.e., (total number of moths trapped in control plot – total number of moths trapped in pheromone-treated plot)/total number of moths trapped in control plot × 100] was 80.7% when leafminer pheromone, (E)-10-dodecen-1-yl-acetate, was evaporated into square, approximately 400-m2plots. During the 2-year study, pheromone was evaporated into the pheromone-treated plots at an average hourly rate of 39.6 mg/ha. There was no relationship between the estimated release rate of pheromone and average temperature. There was a negative linear relationship between the disruption index and leafminer density, as measured by the number of moths trapped in the control plot. There was no relationship between the disruption index and the estimated release rate of pheromone. Our results suggest that it may be possible to control the spotted tentiform leafminer using sex-pheromone-mediated mating disruption.
SYNTHETIC PHEROMONES DISRUPT MALE DIORYCTRIA SPP. MOTHS IN A LOBLOLLY PINE SEED ORCHARD
Authors: DeBarr Gary L. , Hanula James L. , Niwa Christine G. , Nord John C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSynthetic sex pheromones released in a loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. (Pinaceae), seed orchard interfered with the ability of male coneworm moths, Dioryctria Zeller spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), to locate traps baited with sex pheromones or live females. Pherocon 1C® traps baited with synthetic pheromones or live conspecific females were hung near the center of two 1.2-ha circular plots during emergence of Dioryctria amatella (Hulst), Dioryctria disclusa (Heinrich), and Dioryctria merkeli (Mutuura and Munroe). In a paired design, trap catches for the mating-disruption treatment with synthetic pheromone dispensers consisting of three polyvinyl chloride rods placed in every tree were compared with the control treatment. Treatments were alternated at intervals of 2–3 d. Trap catches of D. amatella were reduced by 91% when plots were treated with 2.5 g/ha of Z-11-hexadencenyl acetate. Catches were reduced by 99.5% for D. disclusa and by 97% for D. merkeli when plots were treated with 12.5 g/ha of Z-9-tetradecenyl acetate, whereas catches of D. amatella were unaffected by this mating-disruption treatment. Daily disappearance of Z-9-tetradecenyl acetate from the dispensers averaged 0.46 g/ha or less. Manually placing dispensers on nylon lines in the tops of trees was an effective method for releasing synthetic Dioryctria pheromones in the orchard. These data suggest it may be feasible to prevent mating of Dioryctria spp. in pine seed orchards by using synthetic pheromones for mating disruption, but large-scale tests will be required to demonstrate cone protection.
EVALUATION OF INUNDATIVE RELEASES OFTRICHOGRAMMA EXIGUUM(HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) FOR SUPPRESSION OF NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN PINE (PINACEAE) PLANTATIONS
Authors: Orr David B. , Suh Charles P-C. , Mccravy Kenneth W. , Berisford C. Wayne , Debarr Gary L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInundative releases ofTrichogramma exiguumPinto and Platner were evaluated for suppression of the Nantucket pine tip moth,Rhyacionia frustrana(Comstock), in first-year loblolly pine,Pinus taedaL., plantations. Three releases, spaced 7 d apart, were made in three 0.4-ha plots during second-generationR.frustranaegg deposition. Each release included three cohorts ofT.exiguumdevelopmentally separated by 25 degree-days. Mean ± SD field release rate for each cohort was 328 238 ± 88 379 females/ha. MeanT.exiguumemergence under laboratory conditions for released cohorts was 96 ± 2%, with 74 ± 3% females, of which 1 ± 1% of females displayed brachyptery; female longevity was 18 ± 3 d. Field emergence averaged 96 ± 4%. Parasitism ofR.frustranaeggs was significantly increased, ranging from 40 ± 19 to 73 ± 22% inT.exiguum-treated plots and 17 ± 17 to 67 ± 21% in control plots. Data from all treated plots combined showedR.frustranaegg survival (hatching) was significantly reduced by 46%, and larval populations were significantly reduced by 60%. There was no significant difference in the percentage of terminals damaged betweenT.exiguum-treated (31 ± 16%) and control plots (45 ± 10%); however, length of terminal damage was significantly lower in treated plots. The percentage of damage to top whorl shoots was significantly lower inT.exiguum-treated plots compared with control plots, but there was no significant difference in length of tunneling damage. Damage to remaining shoots was not significantly different betweenT.exiguum-treated and control plots. Microhabitat significantly influenced both mean maximum and minimum temperature and the number of consecutive hours per day that were at or above 35 °C (critical temperature forT.exiguumsurvival). Soil surface with no cover had the greatest number of hours at or above 35 °C, followed by soil surface with herbaceous cover, and canopies of small trees (0.4 m tall). Canopy habitats in larger trees (0.9–1.8 m tall) had the most moderate temperature conditions. Parasitoid emergence was significantly reduced in response to increasing number of consecutive hours at or above 35 °C. Predation of parasitoids prior to emergence was significantly affected by microhabitat and by the length of time capsules were in the field beforeT.exiguumemergence (i.e., cohort number).
MULTIPLE INTRODUCTIONS OF THE FORFICULA AURICULARIA SPECIES COMPLEX (DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE) IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Guillet Stéphanie , Josselin Nathalie , Vancassel Michel 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA survey of nine populations of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia L., species complex from eastern North America revealed the presence of the two sibling species recently identified as species A and B. A mitochondrial analysis, based on restriction polymorphism observed on the 16S rRNA and the cytochrome oxydase regions, proved to be a rapid method to identify and distinguish these two species. Furthermore, consistency between these mitochondrial data and a biological diagnosis, based on the dates and number of oviposition periods in each population, revealed that species A and B occupy different habitats. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis of multiple introductions of the two species on the Atlantic coast of North America, followed by a selection of the most adapted species to each habitat.
MORTALITY, FEEDING INHIBITION, AND RECOVERY OF SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) LARVAE FOLLOWING AERIAL APPLICATION OF A HIGH-POTENCY FORMULATION OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS SUBSP. KURSTAKI
Authors: van Frankenhuyzen Kees , Nystrom Carl , Dedes John , Seligy Vern 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA larval population of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), was monitored for 5 d following aerial application of a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. kurstaki to investigate dose acquisition and expression (larval mortality, recovery, feeding, and growth) in relation to spray deposition and persistence of spray deposits. The main objective was to test if previous laboratory observations on how B. thuringiensis affects feeding and dose ingestion by spruce budworm larvae hold true under field conditions. About 40% of the treated population ingested a lethal dose within 1 d after spray application. Lethally dosed larvae died without further feeding upon transfer from treated foliage to (untreated) artificial diet. Resumption of feeding by larvae that survived the treatment was delayed relative to larvae from the control population during 3 d following spray application; during that time, normal feeding activity and larval weight gain were suppressed. Inhibited feeding by survivors appeared to prevent further dose uptake because the proportion of lethally dosed larvae in daily collections did not increase despite significant residual spray deposits in budworm feeding sites. Restoration of "normal" recovery times by the fourth day coincided with a 65–85% reduction in persistence of the pathogen on the foliage and did not result in further lethal dose acquisition, as treatment-induced mortality dropped to about 20% on the 4th and 5th days. The observations are consistent with previous laboratory observations of how B. thuringiensis affects larval feeding and with the hypothesis that feeding inhibition may be a limiting factor in the acquisition of a lethal dose.