bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reactive reconfigurable tool for aerospace structures
Authors: McKeown Colm , Webb Phil 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the development, testing and scientific evaluation of a novel, load‐cell‐controlled reactive reconfigurable tooling (RRT) solution. This RRT not only addresses the underlying inherent problems with traditional reconfigurable tools but also potentially expands their use into the area of condition monitoring.Design/methodology/approachThe paper covers the design intent and methodology. The construction and evaluation of both a simple prototype and a fully functional tool are described.FindingsThe tool was successfully demonstrated using friction stir welding (FSW) of fuselage panels as a demanding application and the full functionality of the tool was demonstrated. The condition and process monitoring system was also demonstrated and shown to be able to distinguish both between different types of weld and tool failure conditions.Research limitations/implicationsHaving successfully designed and tested the novel RRT system under the extreme conditions of FSW, it is apparent that there are many more applications and developments that this system could be used for. The same requirements for accurate control of geometry exist in processes such as water jet cutting, trimming and machining. However, there was not sufficient resource or time within the research programme to verify this. One disadvantage of the tool is the cost of the individual load cells and the associated charge amplifiers; however, this cost is offset by the opportunity to use them in a tool condition monitoring function as well.Practical implicationsThe tool developed not only has the potential to provide cost benefits but also time reductions due to the elimination of the need to move large and heavy tools in and out of the FSW machine when part production runs are changed.Originality/valueThe originality of work described is the tool's ability to both adapt and monitor the component being held. This places it considerably beyond the state of the art in large‐scale industrial reconfigurable tooling. The research's value lies in applicability and demonstration for real production parts and processes.
Variability‐oriented assembly system design: a case study in the construction industry
Authors: Azzi Anna , Battini Daria , Faccio Maurizio , Persona Alessandro 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply group assembly (GA) considerations to the construction industry and to provide evidence of construction sector industrialization with quantitative results. Moreover, a flexible assembly system is proposed, especially designed to cope with variability: this can be easily extendable to other industrial sectors, especially when dealing with extremely variable environments.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a case study conducted at an Italian company leader in the design, manufacture and installation of architectural claddings and lightweight continuous facades.FindingsThe research empirically demonstrates how the application of GA and the creation of project families lead to consistent enhancement also within the construction industry. The case study reveals great improvement in terms of both operating and ergonomic performances, agile assembly system reconfiguration design and make span reduction. The possibility of correlating a new project to an identified family gives the opportunity to understand the best assembly line layout configuration which should be assigned to the project, to improve the throughput time and the controllability of the assembly process and to guarantee efficient floor space utilization, lead‐time control, accuracy and reliability.Originality/valueThe novelty of the study lies in the way the assembly layout is designed to cope with variability: the assembly line, which is dedicated to more stable processes, is coupled with pre‐assembly stations, easily reconfigurable, meant to be “variability absorbers”. As far as the authors know, this is also the first time GA is applied to the construction industry. Moreover, a timely topic such as construction sector industrialization is confirmed by quantitative results.
An international branding strategy based on a case study of a Taiwanese firm
Authors: Ying Huang Hsiu , Huei Hsieh Ming 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore and conceptualize the process of how an emerging‐market firm develops a successful international brand.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative case study approach was employed in this study. Two rounds of data collection were conducted. Data sources include archival, interview and field notes. A total of 13 in‐depth interviews were conducted. Interviewees were drawn from across different functions and comprised top management to lower‐level employees. Collected data were analyzed in the iterate process, and emergent themes from the case form the basis of strategy conceptualizing.FindingsAn effective international branding process can be conceptualized as four sequential strategic steps: create a transcultural brand name; identify a universal appeal for its products; develop a global brand essence; and convey the brand essence through products. The case finding also shows that the ability to fuse three pairs of seemingly contrasting elements across geographical and temporal boundaries is essential in the strategic process. The three pairs of elements include Western and Eastern cultures, historical and modern elements and craftsmanship and mass‐production.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is rich in qualitative detail, but with all single case study research, its limitations regard applicability to other contexts. The applicability may suffer from the idiosyncratic characteristics of the case company as well as the difference between industries and products.Practical implicationsThe finding provides insights into how an emerging‐market firm can craft its international brand both faster and more effectively. The identified international branding process has managerial implications for international marketers in both emerging‐market and non‐emerging‐market firms.Originality/valueThe study fills the void in the research of international branding strategy of emerging‐market firms. The conceptualization of an international branding provides a basis for further research on how to effectively craft an international brand.
IPTV as a services distribution channel
Authors: Blasco‐Arcas Lorena , Aznar‐Baranda José‐Ignacio , Hernández‐Ortega Blanca , Ruiz‐Mas José 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the adoption of IP Television (IPTV) as a distribution channel. The authors test the effects of its features, such as personalization and interactivity, on users' perceived control and satisfaction with their purchase experience. The authors also analyze the purchase process of news‐on‐demand packages, in which users can personalize the contents and amount of news and interact with other users.Design/methodology/approachA testbed platform was designed which integrates the interactivity and content personalization of IPTV and a 2×2 between‐subjects factorial design was developed, resulting in four experimental scenarios of the platform. Multivariate analysis of variance analyses have been applied.FindingsData from 119 university students corroborate the importance of content personalization and interactivity in the users' purchase experience configuration, as these variables increase both users' control and satisfaction. The authors also confirm that the users preferred the IPTV platform which combines interactivity and personalization rather than the other designs that only had one of these features.Originality/valueIn spite of the advantageous features of IPTV, its adoption has been slower than initially expected. The causes of this slow pace of adoption are still unclear. This paper contributes to the understanding of IPTV as a new distribution channel, which is an underdeveloped perspective in the field. Moreover, it demonstrates the importance of fostering the collaboration of users in designing services through interactivity and personalization.
Traded American options are Bermudan
Authors: Kourtis Apostolos , Markellos Raphael N. 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the importance of business time, and market opening/closing times and days, for American option pricing.Design/methodology/approachA Bermudan pricing approach is employed whereby the option can be exercised only during the times and days the market is open. The authors apply the approach to the S&P 100 options market.FindingsIt was found that the potential biases that can arise from ignoring the non‐continuous operation of the market are not negligible.Research limitations/implicationsFor expositional purposes, the authors assume that the price of the underlying follows a Geometric Brownian motion. This assumption could be relaxed by future research and more complex price dynamics models could be considered.Practical implicationsThe findings in this paper could be used in correcting observed option prices, prior to investigating the rationality of early exercise decisions, or in measuring the size of early exercise premia.Originality/valueThis is the first study to examine the effects of business time, and market opening/closing times and days, to American option prices.
Weather risk swap valuation
Authors: Kariya Takeaki 
Published: October 2011

PurposeIn June of 2001, Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) and Tokyo Gas Supply Company (TGSC) made a zero‐cost risk swap contract on the average temperature of August and September of 2001 in Tokyo for their adverse situations. This is an exchange of two options on the average temperature, by which TEPCO and TGSC can, respectively, hedge against a cold summer and a hot summer. The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical framework to evaluate the fairness or rationality of such a zero‐cost weather risk swap, derive some conditions to check the rationality and empirically evaluate the fairness of the above temperature risk swap between the two companies.Design/methodology/approachTo provide a framework for analyzing weather risk swap, the authors used a statistical approach and a basic analysis is given with data and simulation.FindingsFirst, the authors define the concept of full equivalence and moment equivalence of two options on a weather index and then derive some conditions for full and moment equivalences. Third, using the stochastic volatility model in Kariya et al., it is shown that the options in the TEPCO–TGSC risk swap are neither fully equivalent nor moment‐equivalent as they stand.Originality/valueThis paper originates the weather risk swap valuation problem and gives a framework to analyze and value the equivalence of a temperature risk swap. This method can be applied to various possible risk swaps for risk management.
Behavioural criteria of perceived mentoring effectiveness
Authors: Hamlin Robert G. , Sage Lesley 
Published: October 2011

PurposeMost past research on formal mentoring has investigated its antecedents, outcomes and benefits with little attention given to what goes on inside the dyadic relationship. The purpose of this paper is to explore the types of mentor and mentee behaviours that are perceived as critical factors contributing to either a positive or negative mentoring experience for the mentee and the mentor.Design/methodology/approachConcrete examples of “effective” and “ineffective” mentor and mentee behaviour were collected from the research participants using Flanagan's Critical Incident Technique (CIT). The obtained CIT data were analyzed using forms of open and axial coding. Variants of content analysis were then used for conducting a series of subsequent comparative analyses.FindingsFrom a total of 187 coded critical incidents the study identified 11 positive and four negative behavioural criteria of mentoring effectiveness as perceived from the mentee perspective, and nine positive and three negative behavioural criteria of mentoring effectiveness as perceived from the mentor perspective. Comparisons against “theoretical” and “best practice” models and taxonomies of positive and negative mentoring reveal varying degrees of overlap and commonality.Research limitations/implicationsThere are two main limitations. First, the number of research participants was at the bottom end of the typical sample range for qualitative research, which means the collection of critical incidents did not reach the point of data saturation. Second, the study explored the “start‐up” and “ongoing” phases of the mentoring lifecycle but not the “end” phase.Originality/valueThe findings provide new insights into mentor and mentee behavioural effectiveness within formal mentoring relationships, and thereby add to a sparse empirical knowledge base in this substantially neglected area of mentoring research. Also, they provide a foundation against which to compare and contrast future empirical research that may be conducted on perceived effective and ineffective mentor and mentee behaviours within formal mentoring relationships.
HRM practices for an ageing Italian workforce: the role of training
Authors: Lazazzara Alessandra , Bombelli Maria Cristina 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore ageing trends and age stereotypes about older workers, focusing primarily on the Italian employment context.Design/methodology/approachBeginning from a review of the literature on ageing, the paper: outlines ageing trends and discriminatory behaviours against older workers in Italy; identifies patterns in the age discrimination phenomenon based on organisational characteristics; describes training‐based good practices for enhancing the employability of older workers, as implemented by an Italian energy company; presents a range of best practices for age management.FindingsDespite trends towards an ageing general population and an ageing workforce, there is overwhelming evidence of age discrimination against older workers. This paper reports that the age at which workers may be considered “old” is not clearly defined in the literature and that age discrimination does not follow the same pattern across work contexts. In particular, both organisational characteristics and the particular position held by the employee influence discriminatory behaviour towards older workers on the part of employers. Furthermore, although older workers enjoy fewer training opportunities, training is the most widespread policy for dealing with age discrimination.Practical implicationsThis paper points up important implications for human resource professionals and employers with regard to how to optimize an ageing workforce scenario.Originality/valueThe paper provides an in‐depth overview of ageing trends within Italian society and culture and outlines the possible implications for both older workers and organisations.
Aqueous silane modified silica sols: theory and preparation
Authors: Greenwood Peter , Gevert Borje 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study methods of reacting the surface of the particles of silica sols with silanes, primarily gamma‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and study some basic properties of the modified sols and the nature and structure of the silane groups attached to the particle surface.Design/methodology/approachThe surface of the silica particles was modified by reacting the silica sols with aqueous solutions of silanes, chiefly GPTMS. The presence and structure of silane groups on the particle surface were established by Si‐NMR and C‐NMR, respectively.FindingsSeveral silanes were studied but silica sols could be readily modified only with GPTMS and glycidoxypropylmethoxydiethoxysilane (GPMDES), most readily if the silanes were pre‐hydrolysed in water. Higher degrees of silylation were preferably done by continuous addition of silane. Lower degrees of modification can be achieved at room temperature by the stepwise addition of the silane solution. The silylation of the silica surface with GPTMS significantly reduces the number of charged surface groups and silanol groups. GPTMS binds covalently to the silica surface and the epoxy ring opens and transforms into a diol. Silica sols modified with GPTMS and GPMDES are stable toward aggregation.Research limitations/implicationsOnly organo‐reactive silanes were studied.Originality/valueThis is the first work to study the modification by silanes of silica aquasols with high concentrations of silica. The silane modification can extend the use of silica to areas of applications previously inaccessible to silica sols.
Self‐curable epoxide resins based on cardanol for use in surface coatings
Authors: Shukla Raju , Kumar Pramod 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop eco‐friendly coatings based on low‐cost epoxide resins prepared by using a natural phenolic material such as cardanol (non‐toxic), in place of ordinary phenol (toxic), which can be self‐curable at an optimum temperature.Design/methodology/approachCardanol‐formaldehyde novolac resins (CNs) were prepared by reacting cardanol with formaldehyde in different molar ratios varying from 1:0.6 to 1:0.9. Prepared CNs were epoxidised by reacting with epichlorohydrin to produce epoxide resins, which would be called as epoxidised CNs (ECNs). Further, ECNs were modified by reacting with diethanolamine (DEtOA), a secondary amine to introduce tertiary amino group(s) into the molecules, required for self‐curability of ECNs. These modified ECNs are referred to as MECNs. The molar ratio of ECNs to DEtOA was taken in accordance with epoxy functionality of epoxide resins (ECNs) which ranged from 0.5 to 2.9. Nine numbers of MECNs (MECN1 to MECN9) were prepared by using four epoxide resins. These resins viz. CNs, ECNs and MECNs were characterized by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopic methods for their structure elucidatation, and by gel permeation chromatography for determining their molecular weights.FindingsThe most suitable molar ratio of ECN:DEtOA for the preparation of MECNs was found to be 1:1. The CN prepared by using cardanol and formaldehyde in the molar ratio of 1:0.7 was used for the preparation of ECN2 and MECN2. Applied films of epoxide resins, designated as MECN2, had reasonably good physical and chemical resistance properties. With a wide cure window, the films of MECN2 were found to be self‐curable at an optimum cure schedule of 160°C/30 min. Owing to self‐curability of the developed epoxide resins, the coatings based on them did not require any additional/external crosslinker to be incorporated in the coating composition.Research limitations/implicationsThe prepared epoxide resins (MECNs) had good physical and chemical resistance properties, but demonstrated low stability and low resistance to xylene, in particular.Originality/valueThe paper shows how the epoxide resins were prepared by using a low‐cost phenolic material (cardanol) which is obtained from natural renewable resources, instead of petroleum, and is non‐toxic. These developed coatings can be applied as primer coat and top coat on metallic substrates. True self‐curability of the coating films has been achieved via anionic polymerization.
Thermodynamic characteristics of the interaction coefficient from plasticizer viscosity measurements for the generalized viscosity model
Authors: Sudduth Richard 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to show that the generalised viscosity model can correctly characterise suspension data over both a wide range of concentration as well as a wide range of temperature. A second objective of this study was to show theoretically and experimentally how the interaction coefficient from the generalised viscosity model also appears to have some thermodynamic properties.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, many well‐known suspension equations were shown mathematically to be subsets of the generalised viscosity equation. The generalised viscosity equation was also found to be able to be reduced mathematically to two well‐known dilute solution equations (Huggins and Kramer's equations) as well. The relationship between Huggins and Kramer's constants and the interaction coefficient from the generalised viscosity equation yielded the potential to evaluate the solubility characteristics of the interaction coefficient. The value of the interaction coefficient was then found to be able to be evaluated as a function of temperature to enhance an understanding of the thermodynamic characteristics of the interaction coefficient using the data of Bueche.FindingsIn this study, a polymer plasticiser system involving polymethyl methacrylate in the plasticiser diethyl phthalate yielded an interaction coefficient, σ, primarily in the expected plasticiser range from 0< σ<1. It was also found that the generalised viscosity equation fit Bueche's polymer plasticiser data remarkably well over the whole concentration range for temperatures ranging from 30°C to 140°C. This study also appeared to show that the interaction coefficient from the generalised viscosity model can apparently characterise thermal transitions as well as thermodynamic solubility for a polymer solute (i.e. polymethyl methacrylate) when viscosity is evaluated over a wide temperature range. This result was particularly significant since Bueche's data covered 25 decades of viscosity on a log scale.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to successfully explore the thermodynamic characteristics of the interaction coefficient of the generalised viscosity equation. This opens up new avenues for evaluating the solubility and thermodynamic characteristics of various additives in solutions and polymeric formulations.
Voluntary sector HRM: examining the influence of government
Authors: Kelliher Clare , Parry Emma 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine the practice of human resource management (HRM) in the UK voluntary sector. In recent years many voluntary sector organisations have experienced a changing context, where they have become increasingly involved in contracting for the provision of publicly funded services. This paper examines the suggestion made by a number of commentators that as a result the government has exercised influence over the way in which human resources are managed in this sector.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses data from the Workplace Employment Relations Survey 2004 (WERS 2004) to examine HRM practice in the voluntary sector and compares this with the public and private sectors.FindingsThe findings show that most voluntary sector organisations have adopted performance‐oriented HR practices, communication and involvement schemes, and welfare‐oriented practices. This suggests a departure from the relatively unsophisticated HRM that has traditionally been found in the voluntary sector and which may be as a result of the influence of government on HRM standards in the sector.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research, which adopts a longitudinal approach, would allow the impact of government influence on HRM practices in the voluntary sector to be examined in more depth.Originality/valueThis paper represents a rare examination of HRM practice across a wide range of voluntary sector organisations and provides insight into the potential influence of government on HRM in the sector.