bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reforming Long‐term Care Policy in France: Private–Public Complementarities
Authors: Le Bihan Blanche , Martin Claude 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe argue that the long‐term care (LTC) policy reform in France results from a long‐lasting evolution process that began in the 1980s and has led to the so‐called ‘French compromise’. This combines elements of different types of a fragmented care system including health insurance schemes, domiciliary and residential social care providers, tax deductions and an important private insurance sector, not to mention the crucial contribution of informal caregivers in families. This article concentrates on policies in both the public and the private sectors, as well as their overall cost. We focus on the core of the LTC policy, namely the creation and then the reforms of the cash‐for‐care allowance (Allocation personnalisée à l'autonomie). The evolution of the policy process concluded, after the 2007 Presidential election, with the announcement of a new direction, which has not been implemented yet, but which has raised professional and social concerns. Evidence from France suggests that LTC reform can only take place from a new compromise between three poles of protection: the family, the market and the state.
Intra‐Dealer Integration
Authors: Germain Laurent , Kluger Brian , Pungulescu Crina , Stolin David , Weaver Daniel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the quotation behaviour of dealers who made markets in the same stocks on both NASDAQ and either EASDAQ or the LSE. Whereas previous studies examine international integration at the market level, we examine integration at the dealer level. In other words, do dealers within the same market‐making firm use information from their arm on the opposite side of the Atlantic in forming their own quotes? We find that while there is some evidence of integration at the market level, integration is hard to detect at the dealer level. The results are largely unaffected by differences in fungibility between our two samples.
Transcription of the M1 muscarinic receptor gene in neurons and neuronal progenitors of the embryonic rat forebrain
Authors: Williams Brenda P. , Milligan Carol J. , Street Miyoko , Fraser M. Hornby  , Jim Deuchars  , Noel J. Buckley  
Published: July 2010

AbstractDevelopment of the nervous system is accompanied by expansion and differentiation of the neuronal progenitors within the embryonic neuroepithelium. Although the role of growth factors in this process is well documented, there is increasing evidence for a role of neurotransmitters. Acetylcholine is known to exert many actions on developing neural cells, but its potential role in neurogenesis is unclear. Here, we show that the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor is expressed in the neuroepithelium of the rat forebrain, where it is found on both nestin+progenitor cells and TuJ1+newly differentiated neurons. Furthermore, transcription is governed, at least in part, by regulatoryciselements that are also responsible for driving transcription in neuroblastoma cells. This represents the first demonstration of M1 receptors on neuronal progenitor cells and supports the notion that M1 muscarinic receptors may play a role in development of the nervous system prior to the onset of synaptogenesis and their subsequent role in neurotransmission.
ATP‐induced ATP release from astrocytes
Authors: Anderson Christopher M. , Bergher Jennifer P. , Swanson Raymond A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPropagation of interastrocyte Ca2+waves is mediated by diffusion of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and may require regenerative release of ATP. The ability of ATP to initiate release of intracellular ATP was assessed by labeling adenine nucleotide pools in astrocyte cultures with14C‐adenine. The14C‐purines released during exposure to ATP were then identified by thin‐layer chromatography. ATP treatment caused a five‐fold increase in release of14C‐ATP but not14C‐ADP or14C‐AMP, indicating selectivity for release of ATP. Other P2 receptor agonists also caused significant14C‐ATP release, and the P2 receptor antagonists suramin, reactive blue‐2 and pyridoxalphosphate‐6‐azo(benzene‐2,4‐disulfonic acid) (PPADS) inhibited ATP‐induced14C‐ATP release to varying degrees, suggesting the involvement of a P2 receptor. ATP‐induced14C‐ATP release was not affected by chelation of intracellular Ca2+with BAPTA‐AM, or by blockers of Ca2+release from intracellular stores or of extracellular Ca2+influx, suggesting a Ca2+‐independent response. ATP‐induced14C‐ATP release was significantly inhibited by non‐selective anion channel blockers but not by blockers of ATP‐binding cassette proteins, gap junction hemichannels, or vesicular exocytosis. Release of adenine nucleotides induced by 0 Ca2+was, in contrast, not selective for ATP, and was susceptible to inhibition by gap junction blockers. These findings indicate that astrocytes are capable of ATP‐induced ATP release and support a role for regenerative ATP release in glial Ca2+wave propagation.
Oleic acid synthesized in the periventricular zone promotes axonogenesis in the striatum during brain development
Authors: Polo‐Hernández Erica , De Castro Fernando , García‐García Alejandro G. , Tabernero Arantxa , Medina José M. 
Published: July 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 1756–1766.AbstractOur previous works showed that oleic acid synthesized in vitro by astrocytes in response to albumin behaves as a neurotrophic factor in neurons, up‐regulating several proteins, such as the axonal growth marker growth‐associated protein 43(GAP‐43). Although the molecular mechanism of this process is fairly known, there is no evidence pinpointing the region/s in which oleic acid is synthesized. In this study, we show that the rate‐limiting enzyme in oleic acid synthesis, steroyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD‐1), is located in the periventricular zone of the brain of newborn rats, simultaneously to an increase in the amount of free oleic acid in the forebrain. In addition, the spatio‐temporal presence of albumin – the signal that promotes oleic acid synthesis – and that of GAP‐43 are correlated with that of SCD‐1. Using organotypic slice cultures, we found that albumin up‐regulates SCD‐1 and stimulates the growth of GAP‐43‐positive axons in the striatum. The effect of albumin on GAP‐43 was reduced when SCD‐1 was silenced by siRNA. In conclusion, our results suggest that albumin up‐regulates axonogenesis in the striatum by increasing the amount of the neurotrophic factor oleic acid synthesized by SCD‐1 in the periventricular zone of the newborn brain.
The histone acetyltransferase Elp3 plays in active role in the control of synaptic bouton expansion and sleep in Drosophila
Authors: Singh Neetu , Lorbeck Meridith T. , Zervos Ashley , Zimmerman John , Elefant Felice 
Published: July 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 493–504.AbstractThe histone acetyltransferase Elp3 (Elongator Protein 3) is the catalytic subunit of the highly conserved Elongator complex. Elp3 is essential for the complex functions of Elongator in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons, including the epigenetic control of neuronal motility genes and the acetylation of α‐tubulin that affects axonal branching and cortical neuron migration. Accordingly, misregulation of Elp3 has been implicated in human disorders that specifically affect neuronal function, including familial dysautonomia, a disease characterized by degeneration of the sensory and autonomic nervous system, and the motor neuron degenerative disorder amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These studies underscore the importance of Elp3 in neurodevelopment and disease, and the need to further characterize the multiple nuclear and cytoplasmic based roles of ELP3 required for neurogenesis in animal models, in vivo. In this report, we investigate the behavioral and morphological consequences that result from targeted reduction of ELP3 specifically in the developing Drosophila nervous system. We demonstrate that loss of Elp3 during neurodevelopment leads to a hyperactive phenotype and sleep loss in the adult flies, a significant expansion in synaptic bouton number and axonal length and branching in the larval neuromuscular junction as well as the misregulation of certain genes known to be involved in these processes. Our results uncover a novel role for Elp3 in the regulation of synaptic bouton expansion during neurogenesis that may be linked with a requirement for sleep.
Assembly and intracellular distribution of kainate receptors is determined by RNA editing and subunit composition
Authors: Ball Simon M. , Atlason Palmi T. , Shittu‐Balogun Olayemi O. , Molnár Elek 
Published: July 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 1805–1818.AbstractKainate receptors (KARs) modulate neuronal network activity. The molecular mechanisms that control the assembly and trafficking of KARs are unclear. Here, we examined the role of Q/R editing and subunit composition on KAR subunit assembly and subcellular distribution. The majority of GluK2 subunits undergo editing at the Q/R site in the channel pore loop. Cell surface biotinylation, cross‐linking, Endoglycosidase‐H analysis and gradient separation of KAR subunit assembly states revealed that Q/R editing reduces oligomerization, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export, plasma membrane expression and stability of homomeric GluK2‐containing KARs. These results indicate that Q/R editing of GluK2 may orchestrate channel subunit composition during KAR assembly in the ER. GluK2/GluK5 heteromers are the most abundant KAR subtype in the brain. While subcellular fractionation of brain tissue confirmed that both GluK2/3 and GluK5 are present in synaptosomes and tightly associated with post‐synaptic density fractions, biochemical analysis revealed that endogenous GluK2/3 subunits show less complete assembly and trafficking compared with GluK5. In transgenic mice, the loss of the key assembly partner GluK2 leads to dramatic reduction in GluK5 expression. These results support the idea that the assembly and intracellular distribution of KARs is determined by RNA editing at the Q/R site and subunit composition.
A review of soil quality indicators and five key issues after 12 yr soil quality monitoring in the Waikato region
Authors: Taylor M. D. , Kim N. D. , Hill R. B. , Chapman R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn ongoing programme of soil quality assessment in the Waikato region of New Zealand is providing baseline data and allowing identification of the impacts of land use and associated key soil quality issues. In this paper, we review the strengths and weaknesses of key soil quality indicators and provide summary statistics for chemical, physical and biochemical parameters in both background and production soils of the Waikato Region. Statistical comparison of production to background soils, time related trends, relative surface enrichments, and correlations enable us to infer likely and potential impacts of human activity on the region’s soil resource. Five key issues that cause loss of soil resource have been identified. These are soil compaction, loss of soil organic matter, excessively high fertility levels, erosion risk, and accumulation of contaminants. In addition, evidence exists for accelerated attack or weathering of aluminosilicate minerals in farmed soils [dealumination, Australian Journal Soil Research (2009) vol. 47, 828–838], a process previously only recognized in soils adjacent to aluminium smelters.
Is There a Link between the Late Occurrence of a Brachial Artery Aneurysm and the Ligation of an Arteriovenous Fistula?
Authors: Basile Carlo , Antonelli Maurizio , Libutti Pasquale , Teutonico Annalisa , Casucci Francesco , Lomonte Carlo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractArteriomegaly and aneurysms proximal to long‐standing posttraumatic arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) have been described. Much fewer are the reports of the late occurrence of brachial artery aneurysms following the closure of a hemodialysis AVF. Here, we report the case of a 55‐year‐old male patient. He had received a cadaver donor kidney transplant in 1996; his distal radiocephalic (RC) wrist AVF in the left arm had been ligated in 2001; he developed an aneurysm of the left brachial artery 9 years after the ligation of the AVF (2009). He underwent the surgical intervention of aneurysmectomy at the level of the left brachial artery with construction of a bypass with autologous saphenous vein. In conclusion, the development of a RC wrist AVF is an intrinsically dynamic process characterized by the increase in both blood flow rate and internal diameter of the brachial artery; the latter might be associated with enhanced fracture of the elastic fibers with the consequent risk of the development of an aneurysm. Thus, arteriomegaly and aneurysm of the brachial artery proximal to long‐standing AVFs might be seen as a “continuum” of these morphologic modifications.
Changes in Free Water Fraction and Aquaporin Function With Dwell Time During Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Stachowska‐Pietka Joanna , Waniewski Jacek , Vonesh Edward , Lindholm Bengt 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDiffusive (KBD, A0/Δx(t)) transport parameters and sieving coefficients (S) for small solutes and free water fraction (FWF), that is, the fraction of total water flow that is transported through aquaporins, were assessed as functions of dwell time t for 35 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients using glucose 3.86% dialysis fluid. The individual values of the unrestricted pore area over diffusion distance, A0/Δx(t), were estimated using the mixed effects nonlinear regression and applied for evaluation of S(t) for sodium and FWF(t). FWF decreased on average from the initial 51% of the total transcapillary water flow to 36% at 120 min, whereas the small pore water fraction and sodium sieving coefficient increased. Our results were consistent with the three‐pore model if the contribution of the transcellular pores (αTP) at the beginning of dwell study was doubled and later decreased to the standard value of 0.02. We conclude that transport characteristics of fluid and small solutes should be considered as time‐dependent variables during the peritoneal dialysis.
Perceived Social Support and Quality of Life in Iranian Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Rambod Maasoumeh , Rafii Forough 
Published: July 2010

Abstract Purpose: To describe the relationship between perceived social support and the quality of life in hemodialysis patients from an Islamic cultural background in Iran. Design: A cross‐sectional, correlational design was used. Data were collected in hemodialysis units affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. Two hundred and two Muslim hemodialysis patients were selected by census during 2007. Methods: The Persian versions of the Personal Resources Questionnaire 85 (PRQ‐85) Part II and the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index–dialysis version were used. The data were analyzed using chi‐square test and Spearman's rho correlation coefficients. Findings: There were a statistically significant relationship between perceived social support and health‐functioning (r= .65, p≤ .05), socioeconomic (r= .67, p≤ .05), psychological‐spiritual (r= .63, p≤ .05), and family subscales of quality of life (r= .51, p ≤ .05). Total quality of life was also significantly correlated with perceived social support (r= 0.72, p= .00). Conclusions: Perceived social support is associated with quality of life in Iranian hemodialysis patients. Clinical Relevance: It is important to reflect on the impact of culture and religion of Iran on quality of life of hemodialysis patients and their perceived social support.
The association of genomic variation of Epstein–Barr virus BamHI F fragment with the proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: LIU QIUYU , HAN ANJIA , YOU SHUYUAN , YANG QINGXU , LIANG YINGJIE , DONG YU 
Published: July 2010

Liu Q, Han A, You S, Yang Q, Liang Y, Dong Y. The association of genomic variation of Epstein–Barr virus BamHI F fragment with the proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. APMIS 2010; 118: 657–64.To investigate the f variant of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis, we detected the f variant in primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), metastatic carcinoma of the lymph node (LN), and chronic inflammation of the nasopharynx from the Guangdong region. Meanwhile, we analyzed the relationship between the f variant of EBV and LMP1, Fascin, pStat3, p53, Bcl‐2, and Ki‐67 expression in NPC. The results showed that the f variant of EBV was found in 11 cases of primary NPCs with LN metastasis, 12 LN metastases, and 18 primary NPCs without LN metastasis. However, only one demonstrated the F/f variant in 50 cases of chronic inflammation of the nasopharynx. The expression rate of LMP1, Fascin, pStat3, p53, Bcl‐2, and Ki‐67 in NPC with the f or F/f variant was higher than that with the F prototype. Furthermore, there was a significantly positive correlation between the f variant of EBV and Ki‐67 expression (p < 0.05). Our study suggests that the f variant of EBV may be closely related to nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis.
Acquired vulvar lymphangioma circumscriptum: a comparison of 12 cases with Crohn's associated lesions or radiation therapy induced tumors
Authors: Papalas John A. , Robboy Stanley J. , Burchette James L. , Foo Wen‐Chi , Selim M. Angelica 
Published: July 2010

Background: Lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is a benign lesion of lymphatic origin. Vulvar involvement occurs in various clinical settings. Methods: We present 12 cases, and compare lesions in patients with Crohn's disease and those associated with pelvic radiation. Results: The average age at presentation was 49 years. Thirty‐three percent of the patients had Crohn's disease, 58% had radiation therapy and 9% had no significant medical history. Sixty‐seven percent of the patients had multifocal lesions in anatomically distinct regions. Patients presented on average 16 years after onset of predisposing factors. Presenting complaints were pruritus, wetness and vulvar edema. Lesions were clinically heterogeneous, often found on the labia majora. Lesions consisted of dilated lymphatic channels at the junction of the reticular and papillary dermis. The cells lining these spaces lacked cytologic atypicality or mitotic activity. All lesions so examined were immunoreactive for D240. Patients were most often treated with surgical excision followed by laser ablation. Four of twelve patients, all with radiation‐associated lesions, experienced disease progression necessitating additional surgery. Conclusions: Patients with LC secondary to radiation, when compared to those with Crohn's disease, were 10 years younger, more likely to have associated co‐morbidities, and frequently experienced disease progression needing additional surgeries. Acquired vulvar LC has multiple causes with differing prognosis.Papalas JA, Robboy SJ, Burchette JL, Foo W‐C, Selim A. Acquired vulvar lymphangioma circumscriptum: a comparison of 12 cases with Crohn's associated lesions or radiation therapy induced tumors.
Randomisation: What, Why and How?
Authors: Hoare Zoë 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Randomisation is a fundamental aspect of randomised controlled trials, but how many researchers fully understand what randomisation entails or what needs to be taken into consideration to implement it effectively and correctly? Here, for students or for those about to embark on setting up a trial, Zoë Hoare gives a basic introduction to help approach randomisation from a more informed direction.
Putting Men on A Pedestal: Nobel Prizes as Superhuman Myths?
Authors: Dorling Danny 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The Nobel prizes for 2010 are to be announced in October. They recognise the best thinkers, the most beautiful minds in their fields; but does the distribution of Nobels accurately reflect the distribution of elite minds? Danny Dorling looks at laureate statistics and finds arbitrariness lurks.
Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) during winter influenza season in the southern hemisphere
Authors: Hsieh Ying‐Hen 
Published: July 2010

Please cite this paper as: Hsieh Ying‐Hen. (2010) Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) during winter influenza season in the southern hemisphere. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(4), 187–197.Background  Countries in the southern hemisphere experienced sizable epidemics of pandemic influenza H1N1 in their winter season during May–August, 2009.Methods  We make use of the Richards model to fit the publicly available epidemic data (confirmed cases, hospitalizations, and deaths) of six southern hemisphere countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa) to draw useful conclusions, in terms of its reproduction numbers and outbreak turning points, regarding the new pH1N1 virus in a typical winter influenza season.Results  The estimates for the reproduction numbers of these six countries range from a high of 1·53 (95% CI: 1·22, 1·84) for confirmed case data of Brazil to a low of 1·16 (1·09, 1·22) for pH1N1 hospitalizations in Australia. For each country, model fits using confirmed cases, hospitalizations, or deaths data always yield similar estimates for the reproduction number. Moreover, the turning points for these closely related outbreak indicators always follow the correct chronological order, i.e., case–hospitalization–death, whenever two or more of these three indicators are available.Conclusions  The results suggest that the winter pH1N1 outbreaks in the southern hemisphere were similar to the earlier spring and later winter outbreaks in North America in its severity and transmissibility, as indicated by the reproduction numbers. Therefore, the current strain has not become more severe or transmissible while circulating around the globe in 2009 as some experts had cautioned. The results will be useful for global preparedness planning of possible tertiary waves of pH1N1 infections in the fall/winter of 2010.
A Hypertension Risk Score for Middle‐Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Kshirsagar Abhijit V. , Chiu Ya‐lin , Bomback Andrew S. , August Phyllis A. , Viera Anthony J. , Colindres Romulo E. , Bang Heejung 
Published: July 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). Determining which demographic and medical variables predict the development of hypertension could help clinicians stratify risk in both prehypertensive and nonhypertensive persons. Subject‐level data from 2 community‐based biracial cohorts were combined to ascertain the relationship between baseline characteristics and incident hypertension. Hypertension, defined as diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, or reported use of medication known to treat hypertension, was assessed prospectively at 3, 6, and 9 years. Internal validation was performed by the split‐sample method with a 2:1 ratio for training and testing samples, respectively. A scoring algorithm was developed by converting the multivariable regression coefficients to integer values. Age, level of systolic or diastolic blood pressure, smoking, family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, high body mass index, female sex, and lack of exercise were associated with the development of hypertension in the training sample. Regression models showed moderate to high capabilities of discrimination between hypertension vs nonhypertension (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.75–0.78) in the testing sample at 3, 6, and 9 years of follow‐up. This risk calculator may aide health care providers in guiding discussions with patients about the risk for progression to hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:800‐808. © 2010 WileyPeriodicals, Inc.