bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Computed Tomography in the Radiological Evaluation of Painful Radiculopathy after Negative Myelography: Foraminal Neural Entrapment
Authors: Osborne Dennis R. , Heinz Ralph E. , Bullard D. , Friedman A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Thirty-five patients with an unremarkable or a negative water-soluble contrast myelogram and a diagnosis of foraminal neural entrapment made or more firmly established by computed tomography (CT) were detected in evaluating 950 patients presenting for myelography. The CT criterion of forminal neural entrapment was the presence of a mass displacing epidural fat and encroaching on the neural intervertebral foramen or lateral recess so as to compromise an emerging nerve root. The entrapment (confirmed operatively) was due to a laterally prolapsed disc (16 cases), superior articular hypertrophy (4 cases), lateral recess stenosis (3 cases), posterolateral vertebral bone lipping (2 cases), tumors (6 cases), postoperative scarring (2 cases), spondylolisthesis (1 case), and synovial cysts that encroached on the neural foramina (1 case). CT is an important additional investigation in patients with a painful radiculopathy and a negative or equivocal water-soluble contrast myelogram.
Computed Tomography-guided Percutaneous Biopsy: A Combined Approach to the Retroperitoneum
Authors: Messersmith Richard N. , Cronan John , Esparza Alfredo R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
When computed tomography (CT) is used to evaluate the lumbar spine in patients with low back pain, it is important to look at the adjacent retroperitoneum. CT is ideally suited to visualize the retroperitoneum and provide access for percutaneous needle biopsy.
Subdural Tapping and Irrigation for the Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma in Adults
Authors: Aoki Nobuhiko 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A new technique for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma by tapping and irrigation was shown by computed tomography to be safe and reliable in 39 patients. The basis for such treatment is discussed in light of the current theories of the pathogenesis of chronic subdural hematoma.
Caloric Stimulation-induced Augmentation of H-Reflexes in Normal Subjects, but Not in Spinal Cord-injured Patients
Authors: Raffensperger Maureen , York Donald H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This study examined the effects of ice water caloric stimulation on H-reflex amplitude in normal subjects and three complete spinal cord-injured patients. H-reflexes were obtained by stimulating the tibial nerve at the popliteal fossa and recording the H-response from the gastrocnemius muscle. All normal subjects who experienced nystagmus or vertigo demonstrated significant augmentation in H-reflex amplitude with ice water irrigation of the ear canal. In the three spinal cord-injured patients, there was no significant change of H-reflex with the ice water stimulus. The results suggest that descending tracts in the anterior spinal cord must be functional to demonstrate caloric augmentation of H-reflexes. In patients with spinal cord injury, it may be possible to predict the recovery of motor function using this test together with other clinical signs of neurological function.
Chronic Encapsulated Intracerebellar Hematoma in Infancy: Case Report
Authors: Aoki Nobuhiko , Mizuguchi Kunio 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of intracerebellar hematoma in infancy is reported. Although the clinical course and computed tomographic appearances suggested a cerebellar tumor, intraoperative and microscopic investigations demonstrated a chronic expanding hematoma enlarging with repeated hemorrhages inside the capsule. The differential diagnosis of this entity is discussed.
5-Fluorouracil and 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) Followed by Hydroxyurea, Misonidazole, and Irradiation for Brain Stem Gliomas: A Pilot Study of the Brain Tumor Research Center and the Childrens Cancer Group
Authors: Levin Victor A. , Edwards Michael S. , Wara William M. , Allen Jeffrey , Ortega Jorge , Vestnys Pamela 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Twenty-eight evaluable children with the diagnosis of brain stem glioma were treated with 5-fluorouracil and CCNU before posterior fossa irradiation (5500 rads); during irradiation, the children received hydroxyurea and misonidazole, The treatment was well tolerated, and minimal toxicity was produced. The median relapse-free survival was 32 weeks, and the median survival was 44 weeks. Analysis of covariates showed that, in patients between the ages of 2 and 19 years, survival was longest in the older children (P &lt; 0.02). Tumor histology, sex, extent of operation (if any), Karnofsky score, and radiation dose did not correlate with survival.
Contralateral Pterional Approach for Carotid-Ophthalmic Aneurysm: Usefulness of High Resolution Metrizamide or Blood Computed Tomographic Cisternography
Authors: Yamada Kazuo , Hayakawa Toru , Oku Yuzuru , Ushio Yasutaka , Yoshimine Toshiki , Kawai Ryuji 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Four carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms were treated through a contralateral pterional approach. Three of these aneurysms were clipped successfully. Because awareness of the size and shape of the optic chiasm is crucial for the success of this approach, we used metrizamide or blood cisternography with a high resolution computed tomographic scanner. With this technique, the shape of the optic chiasm was delineated before operation to make certain that the prechiasmatic space was large enough for the aneurysm to be approached.
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials and Cortical Blood Flow During Craniotomy for Vascular Disease
Authors: Carter Philip L. , Raudzens Peter A. , Gaines Casey , Crowell Robert M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
It has been demonstrated that central conduction time (CCT) is slowed and that attenuation of cortical potentials occurs with reduced cerebral perfusion. During 11 craniotomies for aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), or extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass, we continuously monitored somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and regional cortical blood flow (rCBF) as determined by a thermal flow probe. The CCT was calculated and correlated with the rCBF. In 8 of the 11 cases, the rCBF values varied within 1 SD of normal values derived from 25 measurements of nonischemic cerebral cortex. All initial CCT values were within 1 SD of normal, but 4 of 11 patients had a prolonged CCT intraoperatively. Three of these were associated with a low rCBF (14 to 31 m1/100 g/minute). One patient had postoperative confusion at the time of discharge. One patient who underwent AVM embolization had a permanent loss of SSEPs postoperatively, and his preexisting hemiparesis was more profound after operation. Finally, 1 patient's CCT improved after EC-IC bypass. This is a preliminary study that demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring CCT and rCBF during craniotomy. When rCBF values fall and the CCT slows, neurological deficit will probably occur.
Hemangioblastoma of the Third Ventricle
Authors: Loftus Christopher M. , Marquardt Merlin D. , Stein Bennett M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of intraventricular hemangioblastoma not associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease is presented. Only one other case of intraventricular hemangioblastoma has been reported. The literature on supratentorial hemangioblastomas is reviewed, and the problems of histological identification of such lesions are discussed.
Curved Biopsy Needle for Stereotactic Surgery: A Technical Note
Authors: Levy Walter J. , Oro John J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Needle brain biopsy and aspiration is an important technique for the diagnosis of tumors and for the evacuation of fluid collections. Current biopsy methods use a straight needle, which has the disadvantage of requiring multiple passes through the overlying brain to obtain multiple biopsies. Furthermore, a straight needle does not give optimal samples of tumor for diagnosis because the needle passes through the viable rim of the tumor instead of along it. We are reporting a curved plastic biopsy needle suitable for computed tomography-guided biopsy. It remains inside an outer guide catheter that holds it straight until it reaches the edge of the tissue to be biopsied. At this point, the needle is advanced beyond the guide catheter and obtains the biopsy sample by passing around the edge of a tumor. This can in principle produce an improvement in diagnostic yield. Furthermore, multiple biopsies of the tumor from a single guide catheter position are possible. The surgeon rotates the curved needle within its guide catheter to redirect it before the needle emerges. and a different biopsy is then obtained without reinsertion. This avoids multiple punctures of the overlying uninvolved tissue. We are reporting the technique and beginning an evaluation of it.
Fracture of the Occipital Condyle
Authors: Spencer Jose A. , Yeakley Joel W. , Kaufman Howard H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Fracture of the occipital condyle is a rare problem. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion in a patient with a head injury and abnormalities of function of the lower cranial nerves. The diagnosis is best made by high resolution computed tomographic scanning with sagittal and coronal reconstructions. Although transoral and lateral surgical approaches for decompression and stabilization are possible, these are difficult and frought with danger. We report a case of occipital condyle fracture in which operation was deferred and spontaneous recovery occurred, as has happened in previous cases.
Brain Tumor and Achondroplasia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: McArdle David Q. , Sawaya Raymond , Khodadad Ghahreman 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This is the first reported case of a meningioma occurring in an achondroplastic dwarf. The patient had been treated for lumbar stenosis 7 years previously and later developed mental status change and visual loss due to a large tuberculum sella meningioma. Statistical analysis of the prevalence of both diseases in the United States shows insufficient evidence for a pathogenetic link between the two diseases.
Constant Ventricular Drainage: Pitfalls and Variables Technical Note
Authors: Rosner Michael J. , Hayes Dorothee , Clark Marcia 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
After observing the erratic performance of a commercially available ventricular drainage system, we examined the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the system as a function of the volume of fluid within the drainage bag (at a constant height). Initially, 3 to 4 cm more than the expected 27 cm of height was required to achieve a drainage pressure of 20 mm Hg. As the volume of fluid increased, there was an initial precipitous fall from the 20 mm Hg preset pressure to 14 to 16 mm Hg; this pressure differential increased as the volume of drained fluid increased. Removal of air from the drainage bag resulted in an additional decrement in the observed hydrostatic pressure. These decrements in pressure were not apparent with another commercially available bag used commonly for ventricular drainage. We therefore recommend that, if ventricular drainage is to be accomplished against a constant hydrostatic pressure head, the system should be configured so that the actual hydrostatic pressure against which drainage occurs can be measured quickly and easily. The system should be checked at frequent intervals as the ventricular drainage bag fills. We note additional pitfalls in use of constant ventricular drainage and suggest solutions.
Reflow into a Thrombosed Giant Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm after Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass
Authors: Robbins J. , Fein J. M. , Lantos G. , Hooshangi N. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This report graphically illustrates the consequences of flow augmentation through extracranial-intracranial bypass grafts. Propagation of clot from a thrombosed middle cerebral artery aneurysm into the middle cerebral artery produced transient ischemic attacks. Superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass was performed to augment cerebral blood flow. Postoperative angiography demonstrated filling of the aneurysm through improved collateral channels. The role of bypass operation in the presence of an aneurysm and its contribution to collateral blood flow and clot lysis are discussed.
Solitary Eosinophilic Granuloma of the Skull
Authors: Rawlings Charles E. , Wilkins Robert H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the skull is a rare lesion, the natural history of which has not been defined completely, By a retrospective chart review, 26 patients were identified as having a solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the skull at first presentation to our institution between 1946 and 1982. Characteristically, the patient noted an enlarging, tender skull mass during the several weeks to several months before the initial assessment. Laboratory findings were normal except for 1 case of eosinophilia. Radiographically, the abnormality consisted of a punched-out, well defined, lytic lesion most commonly seen in the parietal or frontal bone. Whole body bone scans or bone surveys were used to rule out further lesions. The definitive diagnosis was made by histological examination, which showed the characteristic histiocytes, eosinophils, and multinucleated cells of eosinophilic granuloma. The usual treatment consisted of a craniectomy or curettage perhaps followed by local, moderate dose radiation therapy. The follow-up period ranged from 1 month to 25 years and averaged 8 years; in that time. 8 patients (31%) developed additional lesions. Of these 8 patients, only 3 were older than 3 years at the time of the first recurrence. Based on a review of our own patients and those reported in the literature, we stress that a solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the skull may foreshadow future disease elsewhere and is not an easily dimissed local disease, especially in children. After the initial treatment, we recommend careful long term follow-up and treatment of additional lesions with radiation therapy.
Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus
Authors: Beyerl Brian , Black Peter McL. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Posttraumatic hydrocephalus is a treatable complication of head injury and can present with several different clinical syndromes. These include obtundation; simple failure to improve; a tetrad of psychomotor retardation, memory loss, gait trouble. and incontinence; and unusual symptoms including emotional disorder. Posttraumatic hydrocephalus seems to result from a blockage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow around the cerebral convexities. When the lumbar CSF pressure is consistently above 180 mm H2O. the hydrocephalus should be treated unless a contraindication to operation exists. Underlying brain injury from the trauma itself, however, may prevent recovery. When the typical symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) are present, a shunt is also indicated. Decision-making is difficult when the patient has normal pressure. but is too injured to display the symptoms of NPH or has atypical symptoms. Overnight pressure recording, lumboventricular infusion testing, or cisternography may clarify whether a shunt is needed in this situation. but there is still considerable uncertainty about shunt prediction in this setting.
Prognosis of the So-Called “Diffuse” Cerebellar Astrocytoma
Authors: Palma Lucio , Russo Antonio , Celli Paolo 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The term “diffuse cerebellar astrocytoma” was originally introduced by Russell and Rubinstein to describe that minority of cerebellar tumors microscopically similar to the cerebral hemispheric astrocytoma. The aim of this study was to verify some recent reports warning against the less favorable long term prognosis of the “diffuse” form of the cerebellar astrocytoma. We reviewed our series of cerebellar astrocytomas in children and collected 49 cases operated on before 1966 (i.e., with a follow-up ranging from a minimum of 15 years to 29 years). In addition, we reexamined all recurrent cerebellar astrocytomas observed during a 30-year period, looking for the eventual occurrence of the “diffuse” form. In the first group, 10 cases (20%) were classified as “diffuse” and 39 cases (80%) were classifed as “classic”. However, in 3 cases largely featuring a diffuse pattern, we also noted some areas of the classic type. These two subgroups showed no significant differences in patient sex and age, the incidence of macrocysts, the surgical technique used, the eventual x-ray therapy, and the long term functional results (P &gt; 0.05). When we studied recurrent tumors that were reoperated on, we did not find any case showing histologically the “diffuse” pattern. To conclude, we cannot agree with the pessimism about the ominous long term prognosis of the diffuse cerebellar astrocytoma. In our opinion, the so-called diffuse cerebellar astrocytoma does not exist as a separate clinicopathological entity.
Primary Intrasellar Germinoma in a Woman Presenting with Secondary Amenorrhea and Hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Shen Dwight Y. , Guay André T. , Silverman Mark L. , Hybels Roger L. , Freidberg Stephen R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A 32-year-old woman with secondary amenorrhea was found to have an elevated level of serum prolactin, partial diabetes insipidus, and a subtle visual field defect. A primary intrasellar tumor was noted on the computed tomographic scan. Although the tumor had some characteristics of a prolactinoma, transsphenoidal exploration revealed a primary germinoma. The tissue diagnosis led to appropriate treatment with radiotherapy. The tumor regressed, and the patient had a spontaneous pregnancy. Had dopamine agonists been used initially, amelioration of the hyperprolactinemia and delay in the proper diagnosis and treatment would have occurred.
Giant Intracranial Aneurysms Presenting with Massive Cerebral Edema
Authors: Heros Roberto C. , Kolluri Sastry 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Two cases of giant left middle cerebral artery aneurysm presenting with rapidly progressing hemiparesis and aphasia are presented. In both, the computed tomographic scan showed recent intraaneurysmal thrombosis and massive edema and swelling of the cerebral hemisphere. There was no evidence of recent hemorrhage in either case. In both patients, surgical resection of the aneurysm was accomplished, but the outcome was disastrous. The literature is reviewed and the possible mechanisms responsible for brain swelling in these cases are discussed.
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hematomas: A New Proposal about the Usefulness and Limits of Surgical Treatment
Authors: Volpin Lorenzo , Cervellini Patrizio , Colombo Federico , Zanusso Mariano , Benedetti Antonio 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We analyzed the volume of 132 spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hematomas calculated with computed tomographic (CT) scans and related it to the clinical condition of the patients on admission and to the outcome at their discharge from the hospital (1 to 3 months after the ictus). Fifty patients were operated on, and 82 received only medical treatment. In evaluating outcome, we were more interested in survival than its quality. The main problem is the evaluation and treatment of the many patients who are comatose upon admission (about half of the patients). We concluded that surgical treatment by evacuation of the hematoma increases the percentage of survival of comatose patients with a hematoma volume between 26 and 85 ml.
Craniostenosis Secondary to Calcified Subperiosteal Hematoma: Case Report
Authors: Martinez-Lage Juan F. , Esteban Juan A. , Perez Miguel Martinez , Poza Máximo 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The case of a 5-month-old boy with sagittal synostosis secondary to a calcified cephalohematoma of the cranial vault is reported. Although birth trauma has been suggested as a cause of craniosynostosis, a review of the current literature failed to show a similar case. Surgical treatment to remove the calcified hematoma produced good cosmetic and functional results.
Usefulness of the Orbitofrontomalar Approach Associated with Bone Reconstruction for Frontotemporosphenoid Meningiomas
Authors: Pellerin P. , Lesoin F. , Dhellemmes P. , Donazzan M. , Jomin M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Seven cases of frontotemporosphenoid meningioma are reported. The principles of the orbitofrontomalar approach and of reconstruction of the orbital cone and of the frontomalar region with an orbitotemporal prop are discussed.
Nimodipine and Chronic Vasospasm in Monkeys: Part 1 Clinical and Radiological Findings
Authors: Nosko Michael , Weir Bryce , Krueger Christel , Cook David , Norris Susan , Overton Thomas , Boisvert Donald 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The efficacy of the calcium channel blocker nimodipine in the prevention of chronic cerebral vasospasm (VSP) and delayed ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in monkeys was examined in a blind, randomized, placebocontrolled trial. The primate model developed in this laboratory reliably induces chronic cerebral vasospasm and can induce pathologically proven delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DINDs). With standard microsurgical procedures, an average 6.4-ml autologous hematoma was placed directly against the major anterior cerebral vessels in the right basal subarachnoid spaces of 24 monkeys. The monkeys were randomized to one of four groups and were treated orally q8h for 7 days with nimodipine (3, 6, or 12mg/kg) or placebo. An additional 2 monkeys underwent the surgical procedure without clot placement. Drug administration began between 14 and 20 hours after clot placement. Indices monitored before and after SAH included neurological status, angiographic cerebral vessel caliber, and cerebral blood flow. Significant VSP (25 to 100% reduction in vessel caliber) was present on Day 7 on the clot side in 83% of the animals (P ≤ 0.001). There was no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in the incidence of VSP among the four groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in the mean vessel caliber reduction after SAH among the four treatment groups. There was no VSP present on Day 7 in the sham-operated animals. One animal receiving high dose nimodipine (12 mg/kg p.o. q8h) developed a DIND on Day 5 after SAH. A second animal in the 12-mg/kg group developed a transient neurological deficit between Days 4 and 7.
Percutaneous Discectomy: An Anatomical Study
Authors: Kanter Steven L. , Friedman William A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Percutaneous discectomy is a viable alternative in the treatment of herniated intervertebral discs of the lumbar spine. Anatomical analysis of the retroperitoneal surgical path utilizing computed tomography suggests that the risk of vascular injury is negligible at the L-4, L-5 level, but substantial at the L-5, S-1 level. In addition, one-third of patients otherwise suitable for percutaneous discectomy have segments of bowel obstructing the surgical path. Obtaining an abdominal computed tomographic scan with the patient in the surgical position seems to be a valuable screening technique in the evaluation of candidates for this procedure.
Hypothalamic Hamartoma: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Sato Masaharu , Ushio Yukitaka , Arita Norio , Mogami Heitaro 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Two histologically confirmed hypothalamic hamartomas, one in a 7-year-old boy and another in a 10-year-old boy, are reported. One patient had precocious puberty, epileptic laughter, and abnormal behavior; the other had cerebral seizures. Partial removal of the tumors had no effect on precocious puberty; however, behavior improved in the first patient, and seizure control improved in the second patient.