bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of digital laminar and venous temperatures as a means of comparing three methods of topically applied cold treatment for digits of horses
Authors: Reesink Heidi L. , Divers Thomas J. , Bookbinder Lauren C. , van Eps Andrew W. , Soderholm Leo V. , Mohammed Hussni O. , Cheetham Jonathan 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Objective—To compare effects of 3 methods of topically applied cold treatment (cryotherapy) on digital laminar and venous temperatures in horses.
Animals—9 healthy adult Thoroughbreds.
Procedures—Thermocouples were placed in palmar digital veins and digital laminae of both forelimbs of horses. Three methods of cryotherapy were applied to the distal aspects of the limbs: wader boot (63-cm-tall vinyl boot filled with ice and water [ice slurry]), ice bag (5-L fluid bag filled with ice slurry), and a gel pack boot (boot containing frozen gel packs). Gel packs and ice slurries were replenished every hour during cryotherapy. The forelimb that received the first treatment was randomly assigned; thereafter, control and treated forelimbs were alternated for each treatment. For each treatment, temperatures were recorded every minute during 15-minute pretreatment, 2-hour treatment, and ≥ 30 minute rewarming periods. Once temperatures had returned to within 3°C below pretreatment values, the experiment was repeated in a similar manner for other cryotherapy methods.
Results—Digital venous temperatures were similar to laminar temperatures during each treatment. Ice bag and wader boot treatments caused similar cooling of digits. Gel boot treatment did not cause substantial cooling of digits.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ice bag treatment caused laminar and digital venous cooling equivalent to that of wader boot treatment. Cryotherapy by use of 5-L fluid bags with an ice slurry may be a readily available, practical, and efficient method for prevention of laminitis in horses. Digital laminar and venous temperatures were similar in forelimbs of horses before and during cryotherapy.
Effect of repeated oral administration of glucose and leucine immediately after exercise on plasma insulin concentration and glycogen synthesis in horses
Authors: Bröjer Johan T. , Nostell Katarina E. A. , Essén-Gustavsson Birgitta , Hedenström Ulf O. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether repeated oral administration of glucose and leucine during the period immediately after intense exercise would increase the release of insulin and thereby enhance glycogen synthesis in horses.
Animals—12 Standardbred horses.
Procedures—In a crossover study design, after glycogen-depleting exercise, horses received oral boluses of glucose (1 g/kg at 0, 2, and 4 hours) and leucine (0.1 g/kg at 0 and 4 hours) or boluses of water (10 mL/kg at 0, 2, and 4 hours; control treatment). Blood samples for determination of glucose, insulin, and leucine concentrations were collected prior to and during a 6-hour period immediately after exercise. Biopsy specimens of a gluteus muscle were obtained before and immediately after exercise and at 3, 6, and 24 hours after exercise for measurement of glycogen concentration.
Results—When glucose and leucine were administered to the horses, plasma insulin concentration was significantly higher during the 6 hours immediately after exercise than it was when water was administered to the horses. Serum glucose concentration during the 4 hours immediately after exercise was significantly higher when glucose and leucine were administered than the serum glucose concentration when water was administered. Muscle glycogen concentrations did not differ between the 2 treatments during the 24 hours after exercise.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Synthesis of muscle glycogen after intense intermittent exercise was not enhanced by oral boluses of glucose and leucine after exercise despite pronounced increases in plasma insulin and serum glucose concentrations.
Use of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation in dogs with lymphoma
Authors: Lane Amy E. , Chan Marisa J. Y. , Wyatt Kenneth M. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Objective—To retrospectively assess the safety and efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) used as part of autologous bone marrow transplantation in dogs with lymphoma.
Animals—21 dogs with lymphoma at any disease stage.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs with lymphoma that underwent intensified chemotherapy and received an autologous bone marrow transplant following owner administration of recombinant human G-CSF (5 μg/kg, SC, q 12 h) for 7 days between January 2007 and July 2009 were reviewed. Results of physical examinations and CBCs performed before and at intervals during a 24-month period after G-CSF treatment were assessed. The safety of recombinant human G-CSF administration was determined via assessment of both short-term (ie, during the 7-day G-CSF treatment period) and long-term adverse effects.
Results—None of the dogs developed any adverse effect attributable to the administration of recombinant human G-CSF during G-CSF administration or during follow-up periods of 1 month to 2 years (median follow-up period, 4 months). Among the 18 dogs for which CBC results were available for analysis, mean circulating neutrophil count significantly increased after administration of recombinant human G-CSF, compared with value before treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that recombinant human G-CSF administered SC at a dosage of 5 μg/kg every 12 hours for 7 days appeared to be safe and effective when used in dogs with lymphoma that were undergoing autologous bone marrow transplant.
Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of incremental doses of dopamine and phenylephrine in the management of isoflurane-induced hypotension in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wiese Ashley J. , Barter Linda S. , Ilkiw Jan E. , Kittleson Mark D. , Pypendop Bruno H. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine cardiopulmonary effects of incremental doses of dopamine and phenylephrine during isoflurane-induced hypotension in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
Animals—6 adult cats with severe naturally occurring HCM.
Procedures—Each cat was anesthetized twice (once for dopamine treatment and once for phenylephrine treatment; treatment order was randomized). Hypotension was induced by increasing isoflurane concentration. Cardiopulmonary data, including measurement of plasma concentration of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), were obtained before anesthesia, 20 minutes after onset of hypotension, and 20 minutes after each incremental infusion of dopamine (2.5, 5, and 10 μg/kg/min) or phenylephrine (0.25, 0.5, and 1 μg/kg/min).
Results—Mean ± SD end-tidal isoflurane concentration for dopamine and phenylephrine was 2.44 ± 0.05% and 2.48 ± 0.04%, respectively. Cardiac index and tissue oxygen delivery were significantly increased after administration of dopamine, compared with results after administration of phenylephrine. Systemic vascular resistance index was significantly increased after administration of phenylephrine, compared with results after administration of dopamine. Oxygen consumption remained unchanged for both treatments. Systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressures were increased after administration of both dopamine and phenylephrine. Acid-base status and blood lactate concentration did not change and were not different between treatments. The cTnI concentration increased during anesthesia and infusion of dopamine and phenylephrine but did not differ significantly between treatments.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dopamine and phenylephrine induced dose-dependent increases in systemic and pulmonary blood pressure, but only dopamine resulted in increased cardiac output. Hypotension and infusions of dopamine and phenylephrine caused significant increases in cTnI concentrations.
The role of Galactose in human health and disease
Authors: Manwar Hussain Muhammad , Hassan Mukhtarul , Shaik Noor , Iqbal Zeeshan 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
According to the universal biological findings, cellular bodies are covered with an intense coating of glycans. Diversity of glycan chains, linked to lipids and proteins is due to isomeric and conformational modifications of various sugar residues, giving rise to unique carbohydrate structures with a wide range of sequences and anomeric configurations. Proteins and lipids, carrying specific sugar residues (like Galactose) with particular stereochemical properties (sequence, anomery and linkages) are involved in broad spectrums of biological processes, including intercellular and intracellular interactions, microbial adhesion and cellular signaling. By studying the role of specific seterochemical features of galactose (Gal), we have improved our understanding about the normal physiology and diseases in human bodies.
Ventricular septal defects in function of maternal sociodemographic aspects
Authors: Vereczkey Attila , Kósa Zsolt , Csáky-Szunyogh Melinda , Urbán Róbert , Czeizel Andrew 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The objective of our project is to reveal the possible etiological factors of different congenital cardiovascular abnormalities. In this study, we evaluated single ventricular septal defect (VSD) after surgical correction or with lethal outcome. The birth outcomes of these cases in the function of maternal socio-demographic features were evaluated. Data are based on 1,659 VSD cases, 2,534 matched controls and 38,151 all controls without any defects, in addition in the mothers of 19,393 malformed controls with other isolated defects in the population-based large dataset of the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities. VSD had mild female excess with a higher rate of preterm birth and mainly low birth weight indicating intrauterine growth restriction of affected fetuses, particularly in males and full-term or average weighted cases. The mothers of cases with VSD had lower socioeconomic status and higher rate of smoking and particularly drinking habit. The evaluation of medically recorded pregnancy complications showed an association of gestational diabetes with a higher risk of VSD. In conclusion, the association of small localized size of VDS and obvious fetal growth restriction needs further explanation in these cases, while gestational diabetes, lower socioeconomic status and adverse lifestyle of pregnant women may have a role in the origin of VSD.
Les quatre paradoxes des institutions scolaires
Authors: Joing Isabelle , Mikulovic Jacques , Bui-Xuân Gilles 
Published: May 2012

L’objet de la présente étude est d’identifier le fonctionnement des institutions scolaires françaises (leurs modes de penser et d’agir) afin de mieux comprendre les problématiques qui touchent profondément l’école et notamment celle de la violence. 26 collèges publics du Nord ont participé à l’étude. Les résultats mettent en évidence quatre paradoxes de fonctionnement qui semblent empêcher les institutions scolaires d’avancer dans leur lutte quotidienne contre la violence.
Évolution récente de l'emploi industriel dans les territoires ruraux et urbains : une analyse structurelle-géographique sur données françaises
Authors: Gaigné Carl , Piguet Virginie , Schmitt Bertrand 
Published: May 2012

Résumé On propose une analyse structurelle-géographique (analyse shift and share) de la croissance locale de l’emploi entre 1990 et 1999 et s’appuyant sur l’évolution sectorielle des emplois industriels dans le Zonage en Aires Urbaines. Nous mettons en évidence que l’augmentation de la part de l’emploi industriel dans l’espace rural peut être imputée à des avantages spécifiques aux territoires de faible densité, communs à tous les secteurs. Ces avantages « ruraux » sont loin d’être négligeables puisqu’ils compensent le fait que ces territoires ruraux attirent des firmes appartenant plutôt à des secteurs ayant fortement subi la crise industrielle. À l’inverse, les pôles urbains, surtout ceux de grande taille, combinent un effet structurel positif (i.e. une localisation plutôt urbaine des secteurs les plus dynamiques) avec un effet géographique négatif (i.e. une tendance à la chute de l’emploi industriel urbain quel que soit le secteur considéré). Les espaces périurbains qui les entourent offrent des caractéristiques favorables à l’implantation de tout secteur industriel, sans que la structure des secteurs présents ne joue de rôle significatif ni positivement, ni négativement.
Demande d'enseignement supérieur et attractivité des régions françaises pour les étudiants (1990-2002)
Authors: Dévoué Élina Marie 
Published: May 2012

Résumé En France, les effectifs de l’enseignement supérieur n’évoluent pas de façon homogène selon les régions. Aussi l’objectif de ce travail est-il double. Il tente, d’une part, de rechercher les déterminants de la demande d’enseignement supérieur dans les régions françaises. Il propose, d’autre part, des indicateurs d’attractivité des régions pour les étudiants. D’après nos résultats, les trois régions les plus attractives pour les étudiants durant la période 1997-2002 sont : Île-de-France, Midi-Pyrénées et Rhône-Alpes.
Les migrations étudiantes dans le système universitaire français au début des années 90
Authors: Baron Myriam 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Le système universitaire français a connu de grands bouleversements au cours des années 90. Des études nombreuses et à différents niveaux géographiques ont été menées pour caractériser la répartition des formations universitaires. En revanche, les travaux sont beaucoup moins nombreux et variés sur les migrations des étudiants au sein du système universitaire français. L’objet de cette note est de montrer les possibilités offertes par la mise à disposition des bases de données de la DEP et la manière dont l’étude de ces bases permet de cerner les migrations étudiantes. On apporte des éléments de réponse à quelques questions : que mesure-t-on ? Quels ordres de grandeur ? Quelles relations particulières entre pôles universitaires ?
Innovation technologique et marketing industriel des entreprises productrices de circuits imprimés du district électronique des Marches
Authors: Rosaria Marcone Maria 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Cette recherche apporte des éléments de connaissance sur les stratégies des entreprises « localisées dans un territoire », qui innovent leurs activités de projet, de production et de marketing dans le domaine des processus de sous-traitance internationale. La recherche a l’objectif d’étudier les modifications actuelles de la structure de l’offre et de la demande du secteur des circuits imprimés (PCB) dans le district industriel de Castelfidardo. Cette étude analyse aussi les stratégies de croissance des entreprises électroniques des Marches.
Les communautés virtuelles : la coordination sans proximité ? Les fondements de la coopération au sein des communautés du logiciel libre
Authors: Coris Marie , Lung Yannick 
Published: May 2012

Résumé VIRTUAL COMMUNITIES : COORDINATION WITHOUT PROXIMITY ? The dynamics of cooperation within free and open source software communuities Sans proximité organisationnelle préexistante ni proximité géographique, les communautés du logiciel libre et open source mettent en œuvre une coopération effective se traduisant par la production de logiciels de qualité et largement diffusés en dehors de leur communauté d’origine. Rejetant la thèse du déterminisme technologique, l’article analyse la prégnance de la proximité institutionnelle qui permet de penser la construction de la proximité organisationnelle en même temps qu’elle autorise un affranchissement de la proximité géographique.
L'interaction entre usage du sol et comportements de mobilité. Méthodologie et application a l'aire urbaine de Bordeaux
Authors: Pouyanne Guillaume 
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’influence de la forme urbaine sur la mobilité quotidienne passe par une dimension quantitative, l’intensité d’occupation des sols, et une dimension qualitative, les modalités d’usage du sol. Les nombreuses études empiriques portant sur ce thème leur adjoignent des variables socio-démographiques, supposant implicitement que les facteurs de forme urbaine et socio-démographiques agissent séparément sur les comportements de mobilité. Nous soulevons dans cet article la possibilité d’une relation causale entre la localisation dans une forme urbaine spécifique et les caractéristiques socio-démographiques, qui viendrait remettre en cause les résultats précédemment obtenus. Il est donc pertinent de compléter le schéma conceptuel antérieur : nous formulons le cadre de « l’interaction triangulaire », qui nécessite une technique économétrique adaptée. La régression typologique permet le contrôle statistique d’un type de facteurs au profit de l’autre. Une application empirique sur l’aire urbaine de Bordeaux confirme l’intérêt de cette méthode dans l’étude de l’interaction entre usage du sol et mobilité.
Routine Chest X-ray: Still Valuable for the Assessment of Left Ventricular Size and Function in the Era of Super Machines?
Authors: Morales Maria-Aurora , Prediletto Renato , Rossi Giuseppe , Catapano Giosuè , Lombardi Massimo , Rovai Daniele 
Published: May 2012

Objectives:
The development of technologically advanced, expensive techniques has progressively reduced the value of chest X-ray in clinical practice for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) dilatation and dysfunction. Although controversial data are reported on the role of this widely available technique in cardiac assessment, it is known that the cardio-thoracic ratio is predictive of risk of progression in the NYHA Class, hospitalization, and outcome in patients with LV dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of the transverse diameter of heart shadow [TDH] by chest X-ray for detecting LV dilatation and dysfunction as compared to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) performed for different clinical reasons.

Materials and Methods:
In 101 patients, TDH was measured in digital chest X-ray and LV volumes and ejection fraction (EF) by MRI, both exams performed within 2 days.

Results:
A direct correlation between TDH and end-diastolic volumes (r = .75, P<0.0001) was reported. TDH cut-off values of 14.5 mm in females identified LV end-diastolic volumes >150 mL (sensitivity: 82%, specificity: 69%); in males a cut-off value of 15.5 mm identified LV end-diastolic volumes >210 mL (sensitivity: 84%; specificity: 72%). A negative relation was found between TDH and LVEF (r = -.54, P<0.0001). The above cut-off values of TDH discriminated patients with LV systolic dysfunction – LVEF <35% (sensitivity and specificity: 67% and 57% in females; 76% and 59% in males, respectively).

Conclusions:
Chest X-ray may still be considered a reliable technique in predicting LV dilatation by the accurate measurement of TDH as compared to cardiac MRI. Technologically advanced, expensive, and less available imaging techniques should be performed on the basis of sound clinical requests.
A Strong Stability-Preserving Predictor-Corrector Method for the Simulation of Elastic Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Media
Authors: Yang D. H. , Wang N. , Liu E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a strong stability-preserving predictor-corrector (SSPC) method based on an implicit Runge-Kutta method to solve the acoustic- and elastic-wave equations. We first transform the wave equations into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and apply the local extrapolation method to discretize the spatial high-order derivatives, resulting in a system of semi-discrete ODEs. Then we use the SSPC method based on an implicit Runge-Kutta method to solve the semi-discrete ODEs and introduce a weighting parameter into the SSPC method. On top of such a structure, we develop a robust numerical algorithm to effectively suppress the numerical dispersion, which is usually caused by the discretization of wave equations when coarse grids are used or geological models have large velocity contrasts between adjacent layers. Meanwhile, we investigate the performance of the SSPC method including numerical errors and convergence rate, numerical dispersion, and stability criteria with different choices of the weighting parameter to solve 1-D and 2-D acoustic- and elastic-wave equations. When the SSPC is applied to seismic simulations, the computational efficiency is also investigated by comparing the SSPC, the fourth-order Lax-Wendroff correction (LWC) method, and the staggered-grid (SG) finite difference method. Comparisons of synthetic waveforms computed by the SSPC and analytic solutions for acoustic and elastic models are given to illustrate the accuracy and the validity of the SSPC method. Furthermore, several numerical experiments are conducted for the geological models including a 2-D homogeneous transversely isotropic (TI) medium, a two-layer elastic model, and the 2-D SEG/EAGE salt model. The results show that the SSPC can be used as a practical tool for large-scale seismic simulation because of its effectiveness in suppressing numerical dispersion even in the situations such as coarse grids, strong interfaces, or high frequencies.
Conforming Hierarchical Basis Functions
Authors: Bluck M. J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA unified process for the construction of hierarchical conforming bases on a range of element types is proposed based on an ab initio preservation of the underlying cohomology. This process supports not only the most common simplicial element types, as are now well known, but is generalized to squares, hexahedra, prisms and importantly pyramids. Whilst these latter cases have received (to varying degrees) attention in the literature, their foundation is less well developed than for the simplicial case. The generalization discussed in this paper is effected by recourse to basic ideas from algebraic topology (differential forms, homology, cohomology, etc) and as such extends the fundamental theoretical framework established by the work of Hiptmair and Arnold et al. for simplices. The process of forming hierarchical bases involves a recursive orthogonalization and it is shown that the resulting finite element mass, quasi-stiffness and composite matrices exhibit exponential or better growth in condition number.
A Fast Direct Solver for a Class of 3-D Elliptic Partial Differential Equation with Variable Coefficient
Authors: Huang Beibei , Tu Bin , Lu Benzhuo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe propose a direct solver for the three-dimensional Poisson equation with a variable coefficient, and an algorithm to directly solve the associated sparse linear systems that exploits the sparsity pattern of the coefficient matrix. Introducing some appropriate finite difference operators, we derive a second-order scheme for the solver, and then two suitable high-order compact schemes are also discussed. For a cube containing N nodes, the solver requires arithmetic operations and memory to store the necessary information. Its efficiency is illustrated with examples, and the numerical results are analysed.
Galerkin-Laguerre Spectral Solution of Self-Similar Boundary Layer Problems
Authors: Auteri F. , Quartapelle L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this work the Laguerre basis for the biharmonic equation introduced by Jie Shen is employed in the spectral solution of self-similar problems of the boundary layer theory. An original Petrov-Galerkin formulation of the Falkner-Skan equation is presented which is based on a judiciously chosen special basis function to capture the asymptotic behaviour of the unknown. A spectral method of remarkable simplicity is obtained for computing Falkner-Skan-Cooke boundary layer flows. The accuracy and efficiency of the Laguerre spectral approximation is illustrated by determining the linear stability of nonseparated and separated flows according to the Orr-Sommerfeld equation. The pentadiagonal matrices representing the derivative operators are explicitly provided in an Appendix to aid an immediate implementation of the spectral solution algorithms.