bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking, snus use and risk of right‐ and left‐sided colon, rectal and anal cancer: A 37‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Nordenvall Caroline , Nilsson Per J. , Ye Weimin , Nyrén Olof 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAlthough some authorities consider smoking to be an established risk factor for colorectal cancer, the international literature is not entirely consistent. Further, only 1 study has addressed the association with smokeless tobacco and none with Scandinavian moist snuff (snus). This retrospective cohort study included 336,381 male Swedish construction workers with detailed information on tobacco use at cohort entry in 1971–1992. Complete follow‐up through 2007 was accomplished by means of linkage to population and health registers. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) derived from Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated relative risks, adjusted for age and body mass index. Subjects who were never‐users of any tobacco served as reference. After up to 37 years of follow‐up, pure smoking was associated with a marginally increased risk of colon cancer (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.99–1.19), a modestly elevated risk of rectal cancer (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04–1.30) and a substantial excess risk of anal cancer (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.06–5.48). Snus use was not significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal or anal cancer, although the point estimate for colon cancer was similar to that observed among smokers. Swedish data provide meager support for the association between tobacco use and colorectal cancer. A general tendency among Swedish men to quit smoking in recent decades might have attenuated true associations. A link between smoking and anal cancer was confirmed.
Matrix metalloproteinase 11/stromelysin‐3 exerts both activator and repressor functions during the hematogenous metastatic process in mice
Authors: Brasse David , Mathelin Carole , Leroux Khadija , Chenard Marie‐Pierre , Blaise Sébastien , Stoll Isabelle , Tomasetto Catherine , Rio Marie‐Christine 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMMP11 expression is a poor prognosis factor in human carcinomas. Although it has been shown to favor primary tumor development, its role in metastatic processes remains unclear. We studied the hematogenous metastatic activity of C26 mouse colon cancer cells injected into the tail vain of wild‐type or MMP11‐deficient mice during 2 months. Using X‐ray computed tomography to image metastasis development in recipient living mice, lung metastases were found to occur earlier and to grow faster in wild‐type mice. Histological analyses of the lung, liver, kidney, adrenal gland, mammary gland, ovary and salivary gland, performed at the end of experiment, also showed lower numbers of metastases in wild‐type mice, regardless of organ. Lung metastases showed similar Factor VIII‐positive vascular networks regardless of the mouse MMP11 status. However, those found in MMP11‐deficient mice also exhibited vessel‐like structures that did not express Factor VIII, Lyve‐1 and vimentin, and were not stained with PAS. Consequently, they did not correspond to vascular or lymphatic vessels or to vascular mimicry channels. Collectively, these results revealed significant spatio‐temporal variability that is dependent on host MMP11 status. Furthermore, they point‐out the paradoxical role of MMP11 in favoring the onset and growth of lung metastases but limiting lung foci number, and inhibiting the cancer cell dissemination to other organs. These data highlight the complexity of the metastatic process in which the same factor can play activator or repressor functions depending on the metastatic step.
Antitumor activity of gold(III)‐dithiocarbamato derivatives on prostate cancer cells and xenografts
Authors: Cattaruzza Lara , Fregona Dolores , Mongiat Maurizio , Ronconi Luca , Fassina Ambrogio , Colombatti Alfonso , Aldinucci Donatella 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAmong the nonplatinum antitumor drugs, gold(III)‐dithiocarbamato derivatives have recently attracted considerable attention due to their strong in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activity and reduced renal toxicity. Some of them, namely [AuCl2(DMDT)] (compound 1) and [AuBr2(ESDT)] (compound 2), have shown to be highly active against the androgen‐resistant prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145, both inhibiting cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent way, and are more active than the reference drug cisplatin (cis‐[PtCl2(NH3)2]). In particular, [AuCl2(DMDT)] was proved cytotoxic against cisplatin‐resistant R‐PC3 cells, with activity levels comparable to those induced on the parent cisplatin‐sensitive PC3 cells, ruling out the occurrence of cross‐resistance phenomena. Moreover, it causes early cell damage, slightly affecting the cell cycle, thus suggesting a different mechanism of action from clinically established platinum‐based drugs. In fact, the investigated gold(III) complex alters mitochondrial functions, promoting mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and Cyt‐c release, stimulating ROS generation, and strongly inhibiting the activity of the selenoenzyme TrxR, which is overexpressed in prostate cancer and associated with the onset of drug resistance. In addition, it induces apoptosis, caspase activation, Bcl‐2 downregulation and Bax upregulation, reduces the expression of the phosphorylated form of the EGFR, and it inhibits PC3 cell migration. Finally, the treatment of PC3 prostate tumor‐bearing nude mice with [AuCl2(DMDT)] significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo, causing minimal systemic toxicity. Altogether, our results confirm that these gold(III)‐dithiocarbamato derivatives have potential for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Problematic dyadic interaction among toddlers and their polydrug‐cocaine‐using mothers
Authors: Molitor Adriana , Mayes Linda C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDyadic interactions between 84 at‐risk toddlers and their nondrug‐, polydrug‐non‐cocaine‐, or polydrug‐cocaine‐using mothers were examined during unstructured play. Coded videotaped behaviors revealed two maternal constructs (interactive competence, maladaptive engagement) and three toddler constructs (responsiveness, active positive initiation, play). Cocaine‐using mothers displayed more maladaptive engagement than did prenatal nondrug users; however, poorer interactive competence further distinguished them from polydrug‐but‐noncocaine users. Toddlers of cocaine‐using mothers displayed less responsiveness and positive initiation than non‐drug‐group peers; however, these behaviors did not reliably differ from polydrug‐non‐cocaine counterparts. Play interest remained relatively similar across groups. Results suggest that difficulties in social interaction appear to continue among cocaine‐using mothers during dyadic exchanges with their offspring in the second year; however, toddler deficits do not appear to be greater than those experienced by polydrug‐non‐cocaine counterparts.
Posttraumatic play in young children exposed to terrorism: An empirical study
Authors: Cohen Esther , Chazan Saralea , Lerner Moran , Maimon Efrat 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe phenomenon of “posttraumatic play” (PTP) has received much clinical recognition and little empirical support. The objective of this study was to examine various aspects of PTP in young children exposed to terror events and their relation to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Individual play sessions, conducted with 29 young Israeli children directly exposed to terrorism (M age = 5.47, SD = 1.34) and 25 matched unexposed children (M age = 5.62, SD = 0.87), were coded using the Children's Play Therapy Instrument–Adaptation for Terror Research (CPTI‐ATR; S.E. Chazan & E. Cohen, 2003). Analyses using these ratings showed (a) significant differences between the two groups, (b) significant associations with the caregiver's reports on child's exposure, and (c) significant associations with the caregiver's reports on the child's PTSD symptoms. Play activity ratings of predominant negative affects, frequent acting‐out/morbid themes, lowered developmental level, and reduced awareness of the child of him‐ or herself as a player significantly predicted more PTSD symptoms. PTP which included more coping strategies classified as “overwhelmed reexperiencing” and less “reenactment with soothing” was associated with a higher level of PTSD. Play analysis with the CPTI‐ATR may be helpful in identifying PTSD in children and also guide the selection of therapeutic techniques.
The protein family of glucose transport facilitators: It's not only about glucose after all
Authors: Augustin Robert 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe protein family of facilitative glucose transporters comprises 14 isoforms that share common structural features such as 12 transmembrane domains, N‐ and C‐termini facing the cytoplasm of the cell, and a N‐glycosylation side either within the first or fifth extracellular loop. Based on their sequence homology, three classes can be distinguished: class I includes GLUT1‐4 and GLUT14, class II the “odd transporters” GLUT5, 7, 9, 11, and class III the “even transporters” GLUT6, 8, 10, 12 and the proton driven myoinositol transporter HMIT (or GLUT13). With the cloning and characterization of the more recent class II and III isoforms, it became apparent that despite their structural similarities, the different isoforms not only show a distinct tissue‐specific expression pattern but also show distinct characteristics such as alternative splicing, specific (sub)cellular localization, and affinities for a spectrum of substrates. This review summarizes the current understanding of the physiological role for the various transport facilitators based on human genetically inherited disorders or single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and knockout mice models. The emphasis of the review will be on the potential functional role of the more recent isoforms. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(5): 315–333, 2010
Dynamic treatment effect analysis of TV effects on child cognitive development
Authors: Huang Fali , Lee Myoung‐Jae 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe investigate whether TV watching at ages 6–7 and 8–9 affects cognitive development measured by math and reading scores at ages 8–9, using a rich childhood longitudinal sample from NLSY79. Dynamic panel data models are estimated to handle the unobserved child‐specific factor, endogeneity of TV watching, and dynamic nature of the causal relation. A special emphasis is placed on the last aspect, where TV watching affects cognitive development, which in turn affects future TV watching. When this feedback occurs, it is not straightforward to identify and estimate the TV effect. We develop a two‐stage estimation method which can deal with the feedback feature; we also apply the ‘standard’ econometric panel data approaches. Overall, for math score at ages 8–9, we find that watching TV during ages 6–7 and 8–9 has a negative total effect, mostly due to a large negative effect of TV watching at the younger ages 6–7. For reading score, there is evidence that watching no more than 2 hours of TV per day has a positive effect, whereas the effect is negative outside this range. In both cases, however, the effect magnitudes are economically small. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pollen characterization and identification by elastically scattered light
Authors: Surbek Mario , Esen Cemal , Schweiger Gustav , Ostendorf Andreas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe authors recorded the elastic light‐scattering pattern of pollen over a large spatial angle range to investigate the potential light scattering for pollen identification. The scattering from elm, hazel, birch, chestnut, willow, sunflower, ragweed and pine was measured. The scattering patterns show distinct differences that can be used for the classification of pollen with simple algorithms. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Self‐stigma and coming out about one's mental illness
Authors: Corrigan Patrick W. , Morris Scott , Larson Jon , Rafacz Jennifer , Wassel Abigail , Michaels Patrick , Wilkniss Sandra , Batia Karen , Rüsch Nicolas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSelf‐stigma can undermine self‐esteem and self‐efficacy of people with serious mental illness. Coming out may be one way of handling self‐stigma and it was expected that coming out would mediate the effects of self‐stigma on quality of life. This study compares coming out to other approaches of controlling self‐stigma. Eighty‐five people with serious mental illness completed measures of coming out (called the Coming Out with Mental Illness Scale, COMIS), self‐stigma, quality of life, and strategies for managing self‐stigma. An exploratory factor analysis of the COMIS uncovered two constructs: benefits of being out (BBO) and reasons for staying in. A mediational analysis showed BBO diminished self‐stigma effects on quality of life. A factor analysis of measures of managing self‐stigma yielded three factors. Benefits of being out was associated with two of these: affirming strategies and becoming aloof, not with strategies of shame. Implications for how coming out enhances the person's quality of life are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing Sense of Community on adolescents: validating the brief scale of Sense of Community in adolescents (SOC‐A)
Authors: Chiessi Monica , Cicognani Elvira , Sonn Christopher 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSense of Community (SoC) is a key theoretical construct in community psychology. This study validated a SoC scale for adolescents (SoC‐A) in Italy. The scale comprises 20 items and five components: satisfaction of needs and opportunities for involvement; support and emotional connection with peers; support and emotional connection in the community; sense of belonging; and opportunities for influence. The sample included 661 Italian high school students (47% male and 53% female) between the ages of 15 and 18 years old. Factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed five components corresponding to the original work of Cicognani, Albanesi, and Zani (2006). The boys scored higher on SoC than girls. There were no differences between age groups. Results showed differences in SoC between types of schools (lycee, vocational and technical institutes). These findings provide support for the 20‐item SoC‐A scale and its underlying multidimensional theory of SoC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neighborhood context and the development of aggression in boys and girls
Authors: Vanfossen Beth , Brown C. Hendricks , Kellam Sheppard , Sokoloff Natalie , Doering Susan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe examine the roles of neighborhood characteristics in the development of the aggressive behavior of 1,409 urban boys and girls between the first and seventh grades. The multilevel, longitudinal growth analyses find strong neighborhood effects in all models, while controlling for individual‐level variables. Results indicated that the effects of neighborhood violence, employment, income, and percentages of single males and female‐headed households do not manifest in first grade, but affect the trajectory of child aggression between first and seventh grades. The influence of family income and frequent physical discipline on boys' and girls' aggression occurs at first grade, and family income has a modest effect on the trajectory. The findings strongly suggest that the neighborhood sources of the development of child aggression are independent and different from early childhood experiences. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Depression stigma, race, and treatment seeking behavior and attitudes
Authors: Brown Charlotte , Conner Kyaien O. , Copeland Valire Carr , Grote Nancy , Beach Scott , Battista Deena , Reynolds Charles F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between internalized and public stigma on treatment‐related attitudes and behaviors in a community sample of 449 African American and white adults aged 18 years and older. Telephone surveys were administered to assess level of depressive symptoms, demographic characteristics, stigma, and treatment‐related attitudes and behaviors. Multiple regression analysis indicated that internalized stigma mediated the relationship between public stigma and attitudes toward mental health treatment. Within group analyses indicated that the mediating effect of internalized stigma was significant for whites only. Among African Americans, internalized stigma did not mediate public stigma; it was directly related to attitudes toward mental health treatment. The internalization of stigma is key in the development of negative attitudes toward mental health treatment, and future research should focus on this aspect of stigma in both individual and community‐based efforts to reduce stigma. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A peptide derived from a trans‐homophilic binding site in neural cell adhesion molecule induces neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival
Authors: Køhler Lene B. , Soroka Vladislav , Korshunova Irina , Berezin Vladimir , Bock Elisabeth 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) plays a key role in neural development, regeneration, and synaptic plasticity. The crystal structure of a fragment of NCAM comprising the three N‐terminal immunoglobulin (Ig)‐like modules indicates that the first and second Ig modules bind to each other, thereby presumably mediating dimerization of NCAM molecules expressed on the same cell surface (cis‐interactions), whereas the third Ig module, through interactions with the first or second Ig module, mediates interactions between NCAM molecules expressed on the surface of opposing cells (trans‐interactions). We have designed a new potent peptide ligand of NCAM, termed plannexin, based on a discontinuous sequence in the second NCAM Ig module that represents a homophilic binding site for an opposing third Ig module. The peptide was found by surface plasmon resonance analysis to bind the third NCAM Ig module. It promoted survival of cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) and also induced neurite extension in cultures of dopaminergic neurons and CGNs; the latter effect was shown to be dependent on NCAM expression, indicating that plannexin mimics the neuritogenic effect of homophilic NCAM binding. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of spontaneous Ca2+ spikes by metabotropic glutamate receptors in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons
Authors: Koga Kazumi , Iwahori Yuki , Ozaki Satoshi , Ohta Hisashi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPeriodic and spontaneous Ca2+ spikes are observed in neurons during development of the central nervous system, and spontaneous changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in neurons play important roles in the development of neural circuits. To clarify the roles of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in the regulation of spontaneous Ca2+ spikes, we investigated the effects of selective and nonselective mGluRs ligands on primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. Cultured cortical neurons expressed all eight mGluR subtypes on reverse transcription‐PCR. The mGluR2 and mGluR3 agonists LY379268, LY354740, and (2R,4R)‐APDC increased the amplitude but decreased the frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ spikes in cultured cortical neurons. The effects of these mGluR2 and mGluR3 agonists were completely inhibited by the presence of a potent mGluR2 and mGluR3 antagonist, LY341495, and by pretreatment with pertussis toxin. No significant effect was observed with either activation or inhibition of mGluR1, mGluR4, mGluR5, mGluR6, mGluR7, and mGluR8 on the spontaneous Ca2+ spikes in cultured cortical neurons. These findings indicate that, among mGluRs, the group II mGluR subtypes mGluR2 and mGluR3 play principal roles in modulation of spontaneous Ca2+ spikes. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wide‐dynamic‐range neurons are heterogeneous in windup responsiveness to changes in stimulus intensity and isoflurane anesthesia level in mice
Authors: Guan Yun , Raja Srinivasa N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe windup phenomenon in wide‐dynamic‐range (WDR) neurons represents a short‐term neuronal sensitization to repetitive noxious inputs that may share similar mechanisms with those that trigger the development of persistent pain and hyperalgesia. Some WDR cells are readily sensitized and express prominent windup (windup+), whereas others do not (windup−). We recorded extracellular single‐unit activity of deep laminae WDR neurons (350–700 μm) in C57BL/6 mice to determine how changes in stimulus intensity (1× and >2× C‐component threshold, n = 53) and concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia (2.0% and 1.0%, n = 30) might differently modulate windup responsiveness in windup+ and windup− cells. Two principally different analysis methods [absolute windup (the number of action potentials) and relative windup (the percentage of action potentials evoked by the first stimulus of the train)] were used to interpret windup data. We observed that increasing the stimulus intensity and decreasing the isoflurane concentration: 1) facilitated windup generation at 0.2‐Hz stimulation and significantly enhanced absolute windup at both 0.2‐Hz and 0.5‐Hz stimulation predominantly in windup+ cells but did not confer windup capability on windup− cells and 2) significantly increased relative windup at 0.2‐Hz, but not 0.5‐Hz, stimulation in windup+ cells. Our findings advance our understanding of the neurobiology of deep WDR neurons in mice and demonstrate that two populations of cells differ in their windup responsiveness to changes in experimental conditions. We also elucidate the usefulness and potential limitations of two widely used methods for calculating and presenting windup data. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor inhibits cell cycle reentry but not endoplasmic reticulum stress in cultured neurons following oxidative or excitotoxic stress
Authors: Boutahar Nadia , Reynaud Evelyne , Lassabliere François , Borg Jacques 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNeurotrophins protect neurons against glutamate and oxidative stress, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the neuroprotective role of the neurotrophin brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in neuronal cultures subjected to NMDA or H2O2 toxicity and analyzed the molecular mechanisms involved, particularly those related to regulation of cell cycle or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Preincubation with BDNF of cortical neuron cultures prevented NMDA‐ or H2O2‐induced neuronal death as well as MAPK‐ERK1/2 activation. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐K) abolished the protective effect of BDNF. NMDA and H2O2 induced activation of cell cycle reentry regulators such as retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and E2F1 transcription factor. However, BDNF abolished the activation of both factors. NMDA‐induced expression of chaperone encoding gene BIP was slightly inhibited by BDNF, but it did not affect expression of ER stress protein CHOP. Our results suggest that BDNF neuroprotection may be mediated through inhibition of Ras‐MAPK pathway and cell cycle reentry during oxidative or excitotoxic stress responses. However, BDNF did not modify expression of ER stress signal induced by NMDA. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.