bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Bisspiro(oxindole)s by DMAP‐Catalyzed [3+2] Annulation of Isatin‐Derived Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Carbonates
Authors: Wang Xiaohao , Wei Xingfu , Xu Yongqiang , Qu Jingping , Wang Baomin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA straightforward [3+2] annulation method for synthesizing bisspiro(oxindole) derivatives has been developed by using isatin‐derived Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman carbonates and p‐quinone methides (p‐QMs) with 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as the catalyst. The optimized protocol in dichloromethane (DCM) solvent achieves good yields (up to 87 %) and diastereoselectivity (>20 : 1). The versatility of the method is shown through the synthesis of various derivatives, including chiral variants with up to 82 % ee. The intermediates were captured by HRMS, and a plausible reaction pathway was proposed.
Carbonate reservoir fracture‐cavity system identification based on the improved YOLOv5s deep learning algorithm
Authors: Feng Xiaoyong , Zhao Kai , Zhang Jianguo , Wang Jinkai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn carbonate reservoirs characterized by the fracture‐cavity system as storage spaces, the drilling process is highly prone to the loss of drilling fluid. This not only affects drilling efficiency but can also lead to severe accidents, such as blowouts. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the distribution pattern of these fractures. However, the formation of carbonate rock fracture‐cavity system systems, being controlled by various factors, is difficult to precisely identify. This limitation hampers the efficient development of such types of oil and gas fields. This paper presents a case study of the M55 sub‐section carbonate gas reservoir in the Sulige gasfield, proposing an improved You Only Look Once v5s (YOLOv5s) deep learning algorithm. It utilizes enhanced training with conventional logging data to identify response characteristics of fractures in the carbonate reservoirs. And its identification results have been confirmed to be accurate by various fracture data obtained through different means, such as the core samples, cast thin section photographs, imaging logging data, and seismic attributes. This method incorporates the Ghost convolution module to replace the Conv module in the backbone network of the YOLOv5s model, and modifies the C3 module into a Ghost Bottleneck module, effectively making the model more lightweight. Additionally, a Convolutional Block Attention Module is integrated into the Neck network, enhancing the model's feature extraction capabilities. Finally, the method employs the Efficient Intersection over Union Loss function instead of the Complete Intersection over Union Loss, reducing the network's regression loss. The validation results using actual data demonstrate that this method achieves an average recognition accuracy of 87.3% for the fracture‐cavity system, which is a 3% improvement over the baseline model (YOLOv5s). This enhancement is beneficial for precisely locating the drilling fluid loss positions in carbonate reservoirs.
Zum Einfluss des Dilatanzwinkels auf die Sicherheit am Beispiel einer einfach verankerten Spundwand
Authors: Fellin Wolfgang , Daxer Hans‐Peter , Tschuchnigg Franz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSicherheiten und Ausnutzungsgrade können mittels der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode mit Reduktion der Scherfestigkeit (SRFEM) berechnet werden. Dabei zeigt sich ein Einfluss des angesetzten Dilatanzwinkels
. In dem hier untersuchten Beispiel einer einfach verankerten Spundwand, in einem reinen Reibungsboden und einem kohäsiven Boden, treten für
bis
Unterschiede von bis zu 11 % auf. Ergänzend zur SRFEM können Sicherheiten und Ausnutzungsgrade auch mit einer Finite‐Elemente‐Implementierung der Kollapstheoreme (FELA) berechnet werden. Die hier ermittelten Ober‐ und Untergrenzen stellen nur für den assoziierten Fall (
) Schranken für die Ergebnisse der SRFEM dar. Ein Materialmodell mit nicht assoziierter Fließregel (
) kann näherungsweise mittels reduzierter Scherparameter nach Davis berücksichtigt werden. Im untersuchten Beispiel ergeben sich Unterschiede zwischen FELA und SRFEM von bis zu 9 %. Von Interesse sind auch Vergleiche mit den derzeit üblichen erdstatischen Berechnungen, die hier als Grenzgleichgewichtsmethoden (LEA) bezeichnet werden. Hier wird der Nachweis in der tiefen Gleitfuge mit drei Sicherheitsdefinitionen untersucht, wobei für
reduzierte Scherparameter nach Davis wie in der FELA verwendet werden. Die mit den erdstatischen Berechnungen ermittelten Sicherheiten und Ausnutzungsgrade sind qualitativ gut mit den Ergebnissen der SRFEM vergleichbar. Quantitativ liegen aber selbst bei mechanisch gut vergleichbaren LEA‐Berechnungen und realistischen Dilatanzwinkeln die Abweichungen hier in der Größenordnung von 10 %. Für LEA‐Berechnungen mit einer Sicherheitsdefinition nach Kranz sind die Abweichungen teilweise deutlich größer.
Disease‐driven domain generalization for neuroimaging‐based assessment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lteif Diala , Sreerama Sandeep , Bargal Sarah A. , Plummer Bryan A. , Au Rhoda , Kolachalama Vijaya B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDevelopment of deep learning models to evaluate structural brain changes caused by cognitive impairment in MRI scans holds significant translational value. The efficacy of these models often encounters challenges due to variabilities arising from different data generation protocols, imaging equipment, radiological artifacts, and shifts in demographic distributions. Domain generalization (DG) techniques show promise in addressing these challenges by enabling the model to learn from one or more source domains and apply this knowledge to new, unseen target domains. Here we present a framework that utilizes model interpretability to enhance the generalizability of classification models across various cohorts. We used MRI scans and clinical diagnoses from four independent cohorts: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, n = 1821), the Framingham Heart Study (FHS, n = 304), the Australian Imaging Biomarkers & Lifestyle Study of Ageing (AIBL, n = 661), and the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC, n = 4647). With this data, we trained a deep neural network to focus on areas of the brain identified as relevant to the disease for model training. Our approach involved training a classifier to differentiate between structural neurodegeneration in individuals with normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This was achieved by aligning class‐wise attention with a unified visual saliency prior, which was computed offline for each class using all the training data. Our method not only competes with state‐of‐the‐art approaches but also shows improved correlation with postmortem histology. This alignment with the gold standard evidence is a significant step towards validating the effectiveness of DG frameworks, paving the way for their broader application in the field.
Wearing a breathable T‐shirt does not affect thermoregulatory responses during exercise under hot conditions
Authors: Kato Hanano , Okamoto Yumi , Otsuka Junto , Tajima Kazuya , Shiraishi Atsushi , Shiramoto Ai , Amano Tatsuro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSweat absorbed by clothing forms a moisture film on fabric surfaces, reducing fabric breathability and disrupting thermoregulation during exercise in a hot environment. We investigated whether T‐shirts made from a newly developed fabric with hydrophobic and water‐repellent fibers near the through holes could prevent sweat film formation, thereby enhancing intraclothing microclimate and thermoregulatory responses. Thirteen male runners completed 30‐min treadmill sessions at moderate and high intensities while wearing either the new fabric T‐shirt (Dry Aeroflow, DAF) or a polyester T‐shirt (CONT) at an ambient temperature of 32°C and a relative humidity of 50% with an air velocity of 0.8 m/s. Compared with CONT, intraclothing humidity was decreased on the chest and back, and chest but not back skin temperature was decreased by 2°C in DAF. However, thermoregulatory key variables such as rectal temperature, mean skin temperature, sweat rates, and heart rate did not differ between the T‐shirts. We concluded that the a T‐shirt with enhanced breathability does not affect overall thermoregulatory response during exercise in the heat despite the partial improvements in intraclothing microclimate and in reducing local skin temperature.
Second‐generation antipsychotic quetiapine blocks voltage‐dependent potassium channels in coronary arterial smooth muscle cells
Authors: Zhuang Wenwen , Mun Seo‐Yeong , Park Minju , Jeong Junsu , Kim Hye Ryung , Park Hongzoo , Han Eun‐Taek , Han Jin‐Hee , Chun Wanjoo , Li Hongliang , Park Won Sun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVoltage‐dependent K+ (Kv) channels play an important role in restoring the membrane potential to its resting state, thereby maintaining vascular tone. In this study, native smooth muscle cells from rabbit coronary arteries were used to investigate the inhibitory effect of quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic agent, on Kv channels. Quetiapine showed a concentration‐dependent inhibition of Kv channels, with an IC50 of 47.98 ± 9.46 μM. Although quetiapine (50 μM) did not alter the steady‐state activation curve, it caused a negative shift in the steady‐state inactivation curve. The application of 1 and 2 Hz train steps in the presence of quetiapine significantly increased the inhibition of Kv current. Moreover, the recovery time constants from inactivation were prolonged in the presence of quetiapine, suggesting that its inhibitory action on Kv channels is use (state)‐dependent. The inhibitory effects of quetiapine were not significantly affected by pretreatment with Kv1.5, Kv2.1, and Kv7 subtype inhibitors. Based on these findings, we conclude that quetiapine inhibits Kv channels in both a concentration‐ and use (state)‐dependent manner. Given the physiological significance of Kv channels, caution is advised in the use of quetiapine as an antipsychotic due to its potential side effects on cardiovascular Kv channels.
Investigating the role of rotenone on human blood platelets: Molecular insights into abnormal platelet functions in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Beura Samir Kumar , Sahoo Gaurahari , Yadav Sonika , Yadav Pooja , Panigrahi Abhishek Ramachandra , Singh Sunil Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a predominant neuromotor disorder characterized by the selective death of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. The majority of PD cases are sporadic or idiopathic, with environmental toxins and pollutants potentially contributing to its development or exacerbation. However, clinical PD patients are often associated with a reduced stroke frequency, where circulating blood platelets are indispensable. Although platelet structural impairment is evident in PD, the platelet functional alterations and their underlying molecular mechanisms are still obscure. Therefore, we investigated rotenone (ROT), an environmental neurotoxin that selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons mimicking PD, on human blood platelets to explore its impact on platelet functions, thus replicating PD conditions in vitro. Our study deciphered that ROT decreased thrombin‐induced platelet functions, including adhesion, activation, secretion, and aggregation in human blood platelets. As ROT is primarily responsible for generating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ROS is a key player regulating the platelet functional parameters, we went on to check the effect of ROT on platelet ROS production. In our investigation, it became evident that ROT treatment resulted in the stimulation of ROS production in human blood platelets. Additionally, we discovered that ROT induced ROS production by augmenting Ca2+ mobilization from inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor. Apart from this, the treatment of ROT triggers protein kinase C associated NADPH oxidase‐mediated ROS production in platelets. In summary, this research, for the first time, highlights ROT‐induced abnormal platelet functions and may provide a mechanistic insight into the altered platelet activities observed in PD patients.
Effects of coating technique on the physicochemical properties and structure of MoS2‐TiO2/PVDF‐PES for membrane distillation application
Authors: Fuzil Nurul Syazana , Othman Nur Hidayati , Alias Nur Hashimah , Mat Shayuti Muhammad Shafiq , Shahruddin Munawar Zaman , Marpani Fauziah , Lau Woei Jye , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Othman Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan , Kusworo Tutuk Djoko , Abidin Sumaiya Zainal , Ul‐Hamid Anwar , Rahman Norazah Abd 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMembrane distillation (MD) for desalination encounters significant hurdles as a result of pore wetting, leading to reduced permeate flux or deterioration in permeate quality over time. Therefore, membranes used in MD must be highly hydrophobic to prevent liquid from entering the pores and contaminating the permeate stream. In this study, a thin layer of MoS2‐TiO2 composite was coated using poly (DOPA) as an adhesive to enhance attachment. Two coating methods, interlinking and layering, were compared to determine the most effective method for forming a thin hydrophobic coating layer onto PVDF‐PES hollow fiber membrane.RESULTSInterestingly, this study revealed that increasing the number of dipping cycles led to higher flux, defying conventional expectations. This unexpected outcome is likely to have resulted from the thicker coatings creating a more hydrophobic surface, reducing water molecule adhesion and preventing wetting. Consequently, the membrane demonstrated enhanced flux despite its increased thickness. Among the membranes tested, the MoS2‐TiO2/PVDF‐PES membrane coated using the layering method exhibited the best performance, leading to a flux of 2.06 kg m−2 h−1 and 99.99% salt rejection. This superior performance can also be attributed to the membrane's hydrophobic properties, evident in its water contact angle (WCA) of 99°. By contrast, the interlinking method resulted in lower performance, with a permeate flux of 1.70 kg m−2 h−1 and 99.96% salt rejection, which is likely to have resulted from its lower WCA of 86°.CONCLUSIONThe findings from this study suggest that the coating method has the potential to greatly improve membrane distillation performance through wettability modification rather than altering membrane porosity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
EDTA functionalized pine needle biochar (EDTA@BC); a valorized bio‐material for removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution
Authors: Rasheed Aamir , Rasheed Faiza , Kayani Waqas Khan , Jawad Muhammad , Ghous Tahseen , Irshad Muhammad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe preparation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) functionalized pine needles biochar (EDTA@BC) as a low‐cost active adsorbent and its effectiveness in removing Ni(II) from aqueous solution at various conditions is reported in this paper. First, alkali activation was selected to render the pine needle biochar with an excellent porous structure and increased concentration of hydroxyl groups to facilitate grafting. Subsequently, a simple method was utilized to graft EDTA onto the biochar. The prepared EDTA@BC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x‐ray spectrometry (EDX). Batch adsorption studies were conducted to assess the impact of various parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorbate volume, and shaking time on the removal efficiency of Ni(II). At pH 6, 100 mg dosage, 4 mL of adsorbate volume, and 10 min of shaking time, the maximum removal efficiency of Ni(II) was observed to be 89%. EDTA@BC showed reasonable sorption performance still after the third cycle of regeneration. The effect of interfering ions such as Pb, Cr, Cu, and Hg was evaluated, resulting a decrease of 69%, 78%, 76%, and 68%, respectively, in its sorption capacity. The Langmuir model provided a better fit for Ni(II) in the concentration range of 0.1–2000 ppm under optimized conditions, with qmax of 46.69 ± 1.031 mg/g and KL of 0.001, compared with the Freundlich isotherm, which yielded n = 0.234 and χ2 = 2.7899, Temkin isotherm (R2 = 0.9520), and Redlich‐Peterson isotherm (R2 = 0.9725). The removal of Ni(II) by EDTA@BC was found to be the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. Thermodynamic studies indicated adsorption process to be endothermic and nonspontaneous. Hence, a sustainable valorized bio‐material (EDTA@BC) is prepared having better sorption efficiency of Ni(II) from aqueous solution with possible wide applicability.Research Highlights
New EDTA functionalized indigenous pine needles biochar (EDTA@BC) was prepared.
This low‐cost active adsorbent found effective in removing Ni(II) from aqueous solution.
FTIR, SEM, and EDX proved synthesis and uptake of Ni(II) from aqueous solution.
Ni(II) removal, regeneration, interfering and adsorption studies were performed by UV–Vis spectroscopy.
Predictors of operative management in diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Au Amos , Yii Erwin , Andric Ana , Wong Jennifer , Saunder Alan , Yii Ming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground & AimsSurgery plays a key role in the management of complicated diabetic foot disease (DFD). Currently, indications for medical versus surgical management are poorly defined. Prompt identification of patients who require surgery may reduce morbidities and length of hospital stay. This study aims to analyse factors in DFD that necessitate early surgical interventions.MethodsAll patients admitted under a multi‐disciplinary diabetic foot team in a tertiary institution over 2 years were included in a retrospective case‐control study comparing patients who received medical management and patients who received surgical management. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with surgical management of diabetic foot complications.ResultsThree hundred and forty patients were included. 49% of patients required surgical management. Toe ulceration, elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP), and the presence of osteomyelitis were associated with surgical management. Multivariate analysis calculated an odds ratio (OR) of 1.01 for CRP (p < 0.001), OR 2.19 (p < 0.019) favouring surgical management for forefoot ulcers, and OR 2.2 (p < 0.019) if osteomyelitis was present.ConclusionsPatients with elevated CRP levels, a forefoot diabetic ulcer and established osteomyelitis were more likely to undergo surgical management. Prompt recognition of these patients has the potential benefit of earlier decision making in definitive surgical interventions.
Small programs, big challenges: Reimagining the evaluation of clinical teaching in genetic counseling
Authors: Randall Armel Susan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWithin the health professions education system, a significant proportion of teaching and learning occurs in the clinical setting. As such, the need to measure effective teaching for accreditation standards, faculty development, merit pay, academic promotion, and for monitoring the safety of the learning environment has led to numerous universities developing instruments to evaluate teaching effectiveness in this context. To date; however, these instruments typically focus on the student perspective, despite evidence demonstrating that student evaluations of teaching (SETs) lack correlation with learning outcomes and are not a true measure of teaching effectiveness. This issue is further exacerbated in small health professional training programs, such as genetic counseling, where clinical teachers may only supervise 1–3 students per year. As a result, not only are SETs more confounded due to small sample sizes, but a direct conflict exists between respecting learner anonymity and providing timely and relevant feedback to faculty. In such contexts, even using SETs to evaluate the nature of the learning environment may be unreliable due to student concerns about identifiability and fear of retaliation for unfavorable evaluation. This paper will review the literature regarding SETs, barriers to this process within the clinical setting, and the unintended downstream consequences. Options for addressing issues related to the use of SETs will be considered, with particular focus on the process of reflection and the use of teaching consultations or peer support groups as a means to improve teaching effectiveness in this learning environment.
Effect of genetic polymorphisms of interleukin‐1 beta on the microscopic portal vein invasion and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Namba Yosuke , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Tadokoro Takeshi , Fukuhara Sotaro , Oshita Ko , Matsubara Keiso , Honmyo Naruhiko , Kuroda Shintaro , Ohira Masahiro , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have demonstrated a relationship between genetic polymorphisms of interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) and cancer development; however, their influence on cancer prognosis is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of IL‐1β single nucleotide polymorphisms on the hematogenous dissemination and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study including patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent primary liver resection at our hospital between April 2015 and December 2018. The primary endpoints were overall and recurrence‐free survival. Secondary endpoints were microscopic portal vein invasion and number of circulating tumor cells.ResultsA total of 148 patients were included, 32 with rs16944 A/A genotype. A/A genotype was associated with microscopic portal vein invasion and number of circulating tumor cells (p = .03 and .04). In multivariate analysis, A/A genotype, alpha‐fetoprotein level, and number of circulating tumor cells were associated with microscopic portal vein invasion (p = .01, .01, and <.01). A/A genotype, Child‐Pugh B, and intraoperative blood loss were independent predictive factors for overall survival (p = .02, <.01, and <.01).ConclusionsOur results indicate that the IL‐1β rs16944 A/A genotype is involved in number of circulating tumor cells, microscopic portal vein invasion, and prognosis in HCC.