bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique conjunction of planetary probes
Authors: Grün E. , Krüger H. , Srama R. , Horányi M. 
Published: October 2011

The last two of the large planetary probes of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration and the European Space Agency will rendezvous at the end of the year at Jupiter. At that time, Galileo, which has been exploring Jupiter since the end of 1995, and Cassini, which is on its way to Saturn, will simultaneously observe the Jovian system with U.S.‐ and European‐built instruments.Cassini will monitor the upstream solar wind conditions and image the magnetosphere and the moons of Jupiter; simultaneously, Galileo will report on the changing plasma conditions from inside the magnetosphere (Figure 1). This is a unique opportunity that will benefit the whole community studying the complex behavior of the Jovian system. The geometry of the two spacecraft during the encounter is especially fortunate for dust measurements, which will greatly enhance our understanding of the Jovian dust environment and the science return for both Galileo and Cassini at Jupiter. These measurements will also provide an opportunity to cross‐calibrate the dust instruments; this will be useful in the future analysis of the Cassini dust observations at Saturn.
Research Spotlight: Stratigraphic column could provide insight into Mars's climate history
Authors: Tretkoff Ernie 
Published: October 2011

A new stratigraphic record of Martian polar layered deposits could help scientists shed light on Mars's climate history. These stratigraphic layers can give scientists important clues about the conditions at the time the layer of rock formed.Fishbaugh et al. present the first highresolution stratigraphic column of Martian north polar layered deposits.
Resistance against tumour necrosis factor α apoptosis by the cellular prion protein is cell‐specific for oral, colon and kidney cancer cell lines
Authors: Yap Yeannie Hui‐Yeng , Say Yee‐How 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSince the discovery of PrPC (cellular prion protein), most studies have focused on its role in neurodegenerative diseases, whereas its function outside the nervous system remains obscure. We investigated the ability of PrPC in resisting TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) apoptosis in three PrPC‐transiently transfected cancer cell lines, renal adenocarcinoma ACHN, oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC‐2 and colon adenocarcinoma LS174T. PrPC‐expressing ACHN and LS174T cells had higher viabilities compared with the mock‐transfected cells, while the transient overexpression of PrPC had minimal overall effect on HSC‐2 cells due to its high endogenous PrPC expression. Cell cycles were also analysed, with both PrPC expressing ACHN and LS174T cells having a significantly higher proliferative index than mock‐transfected cells. Flow cytometry analysis indicated a G1/S‐phase cell cycle transition in both PrPC‐expressing ACHN and LS174T cells. PrPC resists TNFα apoptosis due to a modest, but statistically significant, cell‐specific cytoprotection compared with mock‐transfected cells.
“A Gentleman and an Officer”
Authors: Griffin James B. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In 1861, James B. Griffin left Edgefield, South Carolina, and rode off to Virginia to take up duty with the Confederate Army. He was thirty-five years old, a wealthy planter, and the owner of sixty-one slaves when he joined Wade Hampton's elite Legion as a major of cavalry. This book features eighty of Griffin's letters written at the Virginia front, and during later postings on the South Carolina coast, to his wife Leila Burt Griffin. The letters encompass Griffin's entire Civil War service, detailing living conditions and military maneuvers, the jockeying for position among officers, and the different ways in which officers and enlisted men interacted. The letters shed light on the life of a middle officer—a life of extreme military hardship, complicated further by the need for reassurance about personal valor and status common to men of the southern gentry. Griffin describes secret troop movements, such as the Hampton Legion's role in the Peninsula Campaign. Here he relates the march from Manassas to Fredricksburg, the siege of Yorktown and the retreat to Richmond, and the fighting at Eltham's landing and Seven Pines, where Griffin commanded the Legion after Hampton was wounded. Griffin recounts day-to-day issues, from the weather to gossip. Monumental historical events sent Griffin off to war but his heartfelt considerations were about his family, his community, and his own personal pride. Griffin's letters present the Civil War as the ordeal by fire that tested and verified—or modified—Southern upperclass values.
Rise of the Bourgeoisie, Demise of Empire
Authors: Göçek Fatma Müge 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe book examines the process of Westernization and social change during the 18th and 19th centuries in the Ottoman Empire. Using empirical analysis of archival documents and historical chronicles, the book questions the prevailing scholarly interpretation that Westernization leads to social change. Rather, it argues that social change precedes and contributes to the process of Westernization.
Music Printing in Renaissance Venice
Authors: Bernstein Jane A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractVenetian music print culture of the mid-sixteenth century is presented here through a study of the Scotto press, one of the foremost dynastic music publishers of the Renaissance. For over a century, the house of Scotto played a pivotal role in the international book trade, publishing in a variety of fields including philosophy, medicine, religion, and music. This book examines the mercantile activities of the firm through both an historical study, which illuminates the wide world of the Venetian music printing industry, and a catalog, which details the music editions brought out by the firm during its most productive period. This book enhances understanding of the socioeconomic and cultural history of Renaissance Venice and helps to preserve our knowledge of a vast musical repertory.
Temptation Revisited
Authors: Bratman Michael E. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter extends the accounts of valuing and of agential authority to puzzles about rational willpower in the face of temptation. It explores two approaches, one that focuses on the agential authority of certain policies of action, and one that focuses on the reasonable stability of such policies. In each case, the chapter seeks to understand the implications of the basic features of our temporally extended planning agency for the rationality of certain forms of willpower. It also examines basic issues about the relations between practical reason and the metaphysics of planning agency. Donald Davidson famously emphasized that “incontinence is not essentially a problem in moral philosophy, but a problem in the philosophy of action.” This chapter argues that temptation is primarily a problem about the interaction between instrumental rationality and structures of agency. It considers an approach that appeals more broadly to the roles of evaluative rankings in the psychic economy of our agency.
PLANNING
Authors: Maher Neil M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Chapter Six examines how the popular debate over the very meaning of conservation influenced New Deal planning during the so-called “third New Deal.” It focuses on Franklin Roosevelt's failed attempt, beginning in 1936, to rekindle support for his administration by reorganizing the federal government and creating a Department of Conservation under the Department of the Interior's Harold Ickes. This part of the book argues that the defeat of the conservation department was due less to the weakened power of the Roosevelt administration than to the indefinite status of the conservation movement during the late 1930s. To illustrate this, Chapter Six examines how the national debate over CCC work projects forced Roosevelt to embrace a more holistic, ecological approach to federal planning best exemplified by the National Planning Board, as well as a more cooperative and integrated conservation agenda through programs such as the Tennessee Valley Authority. And while these new notions of “ecological planning” and “total conservation” never became institutionalized in a new Department of Conservation, Chapter Six concludes that the failure of Franklin Roosevelt's reorganization plan forced these two beliefs into the public sphere. The result was a new form of special interest politics expressed in movements such as grassroots environmentalism.
Old English Syntax
Authors: Mitchell Bruce 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The aim of this work is to chart the whole realm of the syntax of Old English. It adopts the formal descriptive approach and the traditional Latin-based grammar because, as the book states, these remain the most serviceable for the study of Old English syntax. As far as is possible, Old English usage is described and differences between Old and Modern English noted, with special reference to those phenomena which are the seeds of characteristic Modern English idioms. Volume I sets out the general principles of concord in Old English and examines the parts of speech, the elements of the simple sentence and the types of simple and multiple sentences, and the complex sentence (including sections on punctuation, subordination and hypotaxis, correlation and anticipation, and the order and arrangement of clauses). Old English syntax has been much less intensively studied than the syntax of the classical languages. There are many difficulties in the way of making definitive statements They include the absence of native informants and of a knowledge of intonation patterns, limitations in the size and range of the corpus, the difficulty in assigning definite dates and locations to texts, problems of punctuation, and the possibility of later scribal changes. Hence this book does not lay down ‘rules’ but rather offers suggestions, demonstrates – where appropriate – the possibility of different interpretations, summarizes the present state of knowledge about the phenomena discussed, and indicates possible lines of future research.
From Empire to International Commonwealth
Authors: Lavin Deborah 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLionel Curtis C. H. once counted among the great and the good, working behind the scenes of international politics and honoured as the ‘pioneer of a great idea’ — international federation as the natural successor to empire. He advocated federation as the way to create a new South Africa after the Boer War; he called for self-government in India in 1912; in 1921 he was instrumental in attempting to pacify the Irish Troubles by treating Eire as if it were a self-governing Commonwealth Dominion. He went on to preach the conversion of the Empire-Commonwealth into a multinational federation, which, in association with the United States, would serve as a model for a united Europe, and even for world government. He founded the Round Table think-tank, the Royal Institute of International Affairs at Chatham House, and the Oxford Society. He lobbied indefatigably for his vision of the Commonwealth as a new world order, to be more effective that the League of Nations in making wars obsolete. In the process, he exasperated nationalists and imperialists alike as a prophet of apparently lost causes. He deserves to be remembered not only for what he achieved but for what he was: the bore who never lost a friend; the optimist who stuck to his belief when all was lost, the third-class scholar who became a Fellow of All Souls; the visionary riding his hobby-horse into the drawing rooms of high political society and yet invited affectionately to return. The remarkable character of the man and the influence he exerted on the history of the Empire and Commonwealth are explored in this biography.
The Origins of Modern Literary Yiddish
Authors: Kerler Dov-Ber 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis book is a systematic attempt to trace the beginnings of modern literary Yiddish, an issue of great significance in the linguistic, literary, and social history of the Yiddish language. The eighteenth century marked the turning point in the history of literary Yiddish, a period of rapid linguistic assimilation to German and Dutch in the West and, by sharp contrast, the increasing cultural autonomy of Eastern European Jewry. Books printed in the West reflected the impact of New High German and contemporary Western Yiddish. Books published in Eastern Europe, the new centre for Yiddish printing, used Eastern Yiddish both for new works and for new editions of old Yiddish works. The author examines hitherto neglected Yiddish books from the period in order to analyse the linguistic changes manifest in both the transition and shift from old to nascent Modern Literary Yiddish within the broader context of genre and literary traditions and in the framework of Yiddish dialectology, grammar, and sociolinguistics. Many of the grammatical norms of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century literary Yiddish are shown to have their origins in the eighteenth century. The book is a contribution to the study of the crystallization process of literary languages, highlighting in the case of Yiddish the dynamics of emergence in the absence of the usual governmental support.
Beyond Metafiction
Authors: Shepherd David 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Although metafiction has been the subject of much critical and theoretical writing, this is the first full-length study of its place in Soviet literature. Focusing on metafictional works by Leonid Leonov, Marietta Shaginyan, Konstantin Vaginov, and Veniamin Kaverin, it examines, within a broadly Bakhtinian theoretical framework, the relationship between their self-consciousness and their cultural and political context. The texts are shown to challenge notions about the nature and function of literature fundamental to both Soviet and Anglo-American criticism. In particular, although metafictional strategies may seem designed to confirm assumptions about the aesthetic autonomy of the literary text, their effect is to reveal the shortcomings of such assumptions. The texts discussed take us beyond conventional understandings of metafiction by highlighting the need for a theoretically informed account of the history and reception of Soviet literature in which the inescapability of politics and ideology is no longer acknowledged grudgingly, but is instead celebrated.
Playing with Truth
Authors: Hammond Nicholas 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Blaise Pascal's Pensées is generally acknowledged as one of the greatest masterpieces of seventeenth-century France, an unfinished work which has both inspired and perplexed readers in succeeding centuries. This is the first book on Pascal to be devoted to his use of key terms depicting the central subject of the Pensées: the human condition. The book explores such fundamental notions as language and order, proceeding with a detailed analysis of the words inconstance, ennui, inquiétude, bonheur, félicité, and justice. Developing and challenging the most recent scholarship about the text, it identifies the crucial notion of play (as exemplified in the term divertissement) which underlies all these words and applies its findings to the notoriously unstable concept of truth. Through the fragmentary nature of the Pensées and the shifting meaning of terms, Pascal is shown to be deliberately engaging the reader in a game to make sense of the text. This study gives an account of many important critical controversies of the day, and offers an insight into the persuasive purpose of the Pensées.
Seductive Forms
Authors: Ballaster Ros 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHistoricist and feminist accounts of the ‘rise of the novel’ have neglected the phenomenon of the professional woman writer in England prior to the advent of the sentimental novel in the 1740s. This book explores the means by which the three leading Tory women novelists of the late 17th and early 18th centuries challenged and reworked both contemporary gender ideologies and generic convention. The seduction plot provided Aphra Behn, Delarivier Manley, and Eliza Haywood with a vehicle for dramatizing their own appropriation of the ‘masculine’ power of fiction-making. Seduction is employed in these fictions as a metaphor for both novelistic production (the seduction of the reader by the writer) and party political machination (the seduction of the public by the politician). The book also explores the debts early prose fiction owed to French 17th-century models of fiction-writing and argues that Behn, Manley, and Haywood succeed in producing a distinctively ‘English’ and female ‘form’ for the amatory novel.
Love's Madness
Authors: Small Helen 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This book contributes to the interdisciplinary study of insanity. Focusing on the figure of the love-mad woman, the author presents a significant reassessment of the ways in which British medical writers and novelists of the nineteenth century thought about madness, about femininity, and about narrative convention. At the centre of the book are studies of novels by Jane Austen, Sir Walter Scott, Charlotte Brontë, Wilkie Collins, and Charles Dickens, as well as insights into the historical and literary interest of hitherto neglected writings by Charles Maturin, Lady Caroline Lamb, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, and others. Stories about women who go mad when they lose their lovers were extraordinarily popular during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, attracting novelists, poets, dramatists, musicians, painters, and sculptors. The representative figure of madness ceased to be the madman in chains and became instead the woman whose insanity was an extension of her female condition. This book traces the fortunes of love-mad women in fiction and in medicine between about 1800 and 1865. In literary terms, these dates demarcate the period between the decline of sentimentalism and the emergence of sensation fiction. In medical terms, they mark out a key stage in the history of insanity, beginning with major reform initiatives and ending with the establishment in 1865 of the Medico-Psychological Association. This study challenges previous assumptions about the relationship between medicine and the novel.
Governing Rural England
Authors: Eastwood David 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This book provides a new perspective on the process of state formation in modern England. It begins by identifying the complex ideological, cultural, and institutional influences that shaped the political provincialism of later Hanoverian England. In contrast to traditional accounts, which emphasized the ineffective, even oligarchic, character of the administration of rural England, this book demonstrates its effectiveness and capacity to adapt, and uncovers the complex interplay between central and local institutions that lay at the heart of the late Hanoverian polity. By examining key areas of policy (poor law administration, police, crime and punishment) the book explains the ways in which new principles of public administration combined with rapid social change to create a profound crisis in English local government in the second quarter of the 19th century. The resolution of this crisis led to a diminution in the role and power of traditional governing elites in rural England. This complex reconfiguration of authority within the English state had a profound influence on the developing political culture and institutional framework of modern Britain.
Papacy and Law in the Gregorian Revolution
Authors: Cushing Kathleen G. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This book explores the role of canon law in the ecclesiastical reform movement of the eleventh century, commonly known as the Gregorian Refom movement. Focusing on the Collectio canonum of Bishop Anselm of Lucca — hitherto largely unexplored in English — it is concerned with the symbiotic relationship between canon law and reform, and seeks to explore the ways in which Anselm’s writing can be seen in the context of the reformer’s need to devise and articulate strategies for the renovation of the Church and Christian society. Its principal contention is that Anselm’s collection cannot be seen merely as a catalogue of canon law, but also functioned to articulate, define, and propagate reformist doctrine in a time of great social and religious upheaval.
Social Security in South Asia
Authors: Osmani S. R. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter evaluates the anti-poverty measures in different parts of South Asia. It classifies these measures under the following four headings: security through control over land, security through self-employment, security through wage employment, and security through public provision of basic needs. The chapter explains that the objective is to analyse the experience in these areas so as to learn something about the possibilities and limitations of offering social security through these channels. Furthermore, instead of covering the South Asian region as a whole, it looks at only three countries, namely India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.
Responsibility
Authors: Lucas J. R. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Responsibility is a key concept in our moral, social, and political thinking, but is not itself properly understood. This book elucidates it in terms of answerability—the obligation to answer the question ‘Why did you do it?’ It develops this account to include negative responsibility—‘Why did you not do something about it?’—and share responsibility, which together yield the rationale of political responsibility. In disentangling these two strands of argument, the book points out potential conflicts between them within our ideal of responsible government. It exposes the flaws in consequentialism generally, and the utilitarian theory of punishment in particular, and argues for the insights of retributive theories but without the vindictiveness. The book devotes separate chapters to rewards, money, and personal relations, outlines the fundamental principles of business and professional ethics, and finally touches on those issues that go beyond responsibility altogether.
Introduction
Authors: Steward Helen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis introductory chapter opens with a discussion of the philosophy and mind and the mind-body problem. It argues that philosophers have been surprisingly slow to ask about the distinctions between the categories in terms of which they characterize the mind. It is not, of course, that nobody has ever investigated the differences between events, states, and processes. It is rather that work specifically in philosophy of mind has largely proceeded as though it could simply afford to ignore these discriminations, thinking them perhaps to be too subtle to be of any great moment, or too tightly rooted in linguistic considerations to matter much to metaphysics. But this neglect has been a mistake. Indeed, it is argued that the category of state has been so grossly misunderstood that some theories of mind which are supposed to encompass entities traditionally regarded as falling under the category, e.g. beliefs and desires, cannot so much as be sensibly formulated, once we are clearer about the nature of states. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.
Word Order and Time in Biblical Hebrew Narrative
Authors: Goldfajn Tal 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This book addresses the problem of temporal interpretation within narrative of the biblical Hebrew verb, thus exploring the broader issue of the expression of time in language and the ways in which we can attempt to understand and represent it. The author offers a summary of this controversy, which has been argued over since at least the tenth century, presenting previous scholarly opinions and theories. She argues that one possible way of understanding the fundamental meanings of the Hebrew verbs is by examining the role played in ordering time by the four main verb forms used in biblical Hebrew narrative. Accordingly, emphasis is given to the intersentential use of these forms and the variety of interesting ways in which they establish the order of events.