bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of aCACNA1Cgenotype on attention networks in healthy individuals
Authors: Thimm M. , Kircher T. , Kellermann T. , Markov V. , Krach S. , Jansen A. , Zerres K. , Eggermann T. , Stöcker T. , Shah N. J. , Nöthen M. M. , Rietschel M. , Witt S. H. , Mathiak K. , Krug A. 
Published: November 2010

BackgroundRecent genetic studies found the A allele of the variant rs1006737 in the alpha 1C subunit of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (CACNA1C) gene to be over-represented in patients with psychosis, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. In these disorders, attention deficits are among the main cognitive symptoms and have been related to altered neural activity in cerebral attention networks. The particular effect ofCACNA1Con neural function, such as attention networks, remains to be elucidated.MethodThe current event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the effect of theCACNA1Cgene on brain activity in 80 subjects while performing a scanner-adapted version of the Attention Network Test (ANT). Three domains of attention were probed simultaneously: alerting, orienting and executive control of attention.ResultsRisk allele carriers showed impaired performance in alerting and orienting in addition to reduced neural activity in the right inferior parietal lobule [Brodmann area (BA) 40] during orienting and in the medial frontal gyrus (BA 8) during executive control of attention. These areas belong to networks that have been related to impaired orienting and executive control mechanisms in neuropsychiatric disorders.ConclusionsOur results suggest thatCACNA1Cplays a role in the development of specific attention deficits in psychiatric disorders by modulation of neural attention networks.
Prenatal diagnosis of left ventricular aneurysm in association with interruption of the aortic arch
Authors: Jowett Victoria , Miller Owen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLeft ventricular aneurysms in the foetus are a rare abnormality that can occur in isolation or associated with pentalogy of Cantrell. Here, we report a case of a foetus with a left ventricular aneurysm in association with interruption of the aortic arch, and no features of pentalogy of Cantrell. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such an association.
Usefulness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and head-up tilt test in the evaluation of paediatric syncope
Authors: Giordano Ugo , Meta Roberta , Fintini Danilo , Turchetta Attilio , Brufani Claudia , Calzolari Armando 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring versus head-up tilt test in the evaluation of children with a history of syncope.Study designWe considered 146 consecutive children with more than one episode of syncope. All patients had a normal electrocardiogram at rest and were otherwise considered to be healthy. Forty-six patients,19 male, with a mean age of 13.6 plus or minus 5.6 years, were studied with a head-up tilt test and 100 patients, 41 male with a mean age of 9.4 plus or minus 5.6 years, were studied with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Twelve patients underwent both procedures. Hypotension during ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was defined when mean blood pressure values were lower than the 50th centile and the head-up tilt test was positive when syncope occurred. All patients were followed for 10 plus or minus 2 months.ResultsAmbulatory blood pressure monitoring showed postural hypotension in 91% children, while head-up tilt test was positive for 54%. In the group of children having both tests, two of them were negative for both, 10 of 12 children had a positive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring while only five of 10 children had a positive response to head-up tilt test.ConclusionsWhen a child with a normal resting electrocardiogram is referred with a typical history of syncope, the use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring as a non-invasive first step for diagnosis of postural hypotension may be more sensitive than the head-up tilt test. Behavioural adjustments resolved the continued syncope in most cases. If episodes persist then the head-up tilt test is indicated.
A family with a newelastingene mutation: broad clinical spectrum, including sudden cardiac death
Authors: Jakob André , Unger Sheila , Arnold Raoul , Grohmann Jochen , Kraus Cornelia , Schlensak Christian , Stiller Brigitte 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSupravalvular aortic stenosis is associated with the Williams–Beuren syndrome, but it also occurs in a non-syndromatic congenital form. Anelastingene mutation of chromosome 7q11.23 is responsible in both cases. The vascular features are identical. These patients have a higher risk of sudden death, particularly when undergoing diagnostic or surgical procedures. We report the account of a family with a new mutation in theelastingene. Screening over three generations revealed eight affected individuals. The cardiac and vascular malformations ranged from mild asymptomatic supravalvular aortic stenosis and isolated dysplastic atrioventricular valves to diffuse arterial hypoplasia. Two infants presented arteries affected at multiple locations, including the left coronary artery. Both died of sudden cardiac death and myocardial ischaemia, one while under general anaesthesia for cardiac catheterisation, and the other perioperatively. We discuss the pathophysiological aspects in these patients that deserve consideration before any general anaesthesia is administered.
EGSnrc computer modelling of megavoltage x-rays transmission through some shielding materials used in radiotherapy
Authors: Al-Ghorabie Fayez H.H. , Al-Lyhiani Saud S.H. , Natto Sameer S.A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA computer user-code (TRANSMIT), based on the use of the EGSnrc Monte Carlo system, was developed to simulate the transmission of megavoltage x-rays through three different materials used for shielding purposes in radiotherapy. These materials are Lipowitz’s metal, lead and Rad-block. The simulations were performed for 4, 6 and 10 MV x-rays using narrow beam geometry in air. The linear attenuation coefficients, in cm–1, obtained from the simulated transmission curves for Lipowitz’s metal were 0.494, 0.470 and 0.452 for 4, 6 and 10 MV, respectively. For lead, the linear attenuation coefficients were 0.532, 0.507 and 0.483 for 4, 6 and 10 MV, respectively. For Rad-block, the linear attenuation coefficients were 0.561, 0.537 and 0.518 for 4, 6 and 10 MV, respectively. Comparison of the simulation results with experimental results reported in the literature gave a percent deviation <5% which indicates the validity of the simulation results. In addition, broad beam geometry calculations were performed for a variety of field sizes (10 × 10 cm2, 20 × 20 cm2and 40 × 40 cm2) using the three different attenuators. The results showed that broad beam attenuation coefficients decreased with increased field size and photon energy. For Lipowitz’s metal, the difference in the linear attenuation coefficient data between the broad beam attenuation coefficient and the narrow beam value lies between 3.6% and 20% depending on x-ray energy and field size. Similarly, the difference between the broad beam attenuation coefficient and the narrow beam value for lead lies between 1.5% and 10.4%. For the Rad-block material, the difference lies between 0.53% and 6.8%.
Spongeliomorpha in nonmarine settings: an ichnotaxonomic approach
Authors: Melchor Ricardo N. , Bromley Richard G. , Bedatou Emilio 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe authors revise the occurrences of burrow networks with striated walls having dominantly transverse to oblique striae, which have been assigned to the ichnogeneraSpongeliomorphaSaporta, 1887, andSteinichnusBromley &amp; Asgaard, 1979. The taxonomic status of the ichnogenusSteinichnusBromley &amp; Asgaard, 1979 is examined and it is suggested that this ichnogenus is a subjective junior synonym ofSpongeliomorphaSaporta, 1887.Spongeliomorphais best reserved for an unlined network of burrows having distinct surface ridges or grooves of different orientation and massive filling. The diagnosis ofSpongeliomorphais emended accordingly and the proposed ichnospecies revised for consistency with the diagnostic features of the ichnogenus.Spongeliomorpha milfordensisMetz, 1993a is considered a subjective junior synonym ofSpongeliomorpha carlsbergi(Bromley &amp; Asgaard, 1979) after a visual comparison and statistical analysis of the angle of striation with respect to the burrow midline in the type material. Nevertheless, the use of statistical techniques is not advocated for distinction of ichnotaxa, but may support observations.Spongeliomorpha carlsbergiis considered as an indicator of nonmarine settings and was probably produced by burrowing insects. Proposed ichnospecies ofSpongeliomorphathat fit the emended diagnosis includeS. sudolica(Zaręczny, 1878);S. ibericaSaporta, 1887;S. siculaD’Alessandro &amp; Bromley, 1995;S. chevronensisMuñiz &amp; Mayoral, 2001; andSpongeliomorphaisp. nov. aff.siculaLewy &amp; Goldring, 2006.
Spore assemblages from the Lower Devonian ‘Lower Old Red Sandstone’ deposits of Arran, Scotland
Authors: Wellman Charles H. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTDispersed spore assemblages have been recovered from the Am Binnein Sandstones from the upper part of the ‘Lower Old Red Sandstone’ sequence on the island of Arran, Scotland. The spore assemblages belong with theEmphanisporites annulatus–Camarozonotriletes sextantii(AS) Spore Assemblage Biozone (SAB), indicating an Early Devonian, Emsian (but not earliest Emsian or latest Emsian) age. This is the first reliable age constraint for the ‘Lower Old Red Sandstone’ of Arran, and enables correlation with the more extensive sequence developed on the mainland in the Midland Valley of Scotland. The Am Binnein Sandstones are confirmed as correlatives of the Strathmore Group.
Front-end design of National Synchrotron Light Source II
Authors: Doom L. , Gash B. , Hussain M. , Job P. , Kosciuk B. , Ravindranath V. , Sharma S. 
Published: November 2010

National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) will be a 3-GeV, 792-m circumference third-generation synchrotron radiation facility with ultralow emittance and extremely high brightness. Front ends are required to transmit synchrotron radiation from the storage ring to the beam line while providing equipment and personnel protection. There will be up to 57 front ends in the NSLS-II facility with six in the baseline. Original designs are being developed and will be manufactured for three non-canted in-vacuum undulators, one canted in-vacuum undulator, one elliptically polarized undulator and one damping wiggler. Bending magnet and three-pole wiggler front ends are also being designed. Power densities range from 0.3 to 89.8 kW mrad−2, with total powers ranging from 0.34 to 64.5 kW. All components intercepting synchrotron radiation are water cooled and were analysed to confirm acceptable thermal limits.
Development of an eccentric cam-based active pre-alignment system for the compact linear collider main beam quadrupole magnet
Authors: Lackner F. , Artoos K. , Collette C. , Durand H. M. , Hauviller C. , Kemppinen J. , Leuxe R. 
Published: November 2010

Compact linear collider (CLIC) is a study for a future electron–positron collider that would allow physicists to explore a new energy region beyond the capabilities of today's particle accelerators. The demanding transverse and vertical beam sizes and emittance specifications are resulting in stringent alignment and a nanometre stability requirement. In the current feasibility study, the main beam quadrupole magnets have to be actively pre-aligned with a precision of 1 µm in five degrees of freedom before being mechanically stabilized to the nanometre scale above 1 Hz. This contribution describes the approach of performing this active pre-alignment based on an eccentric cam system. In order to limit the amplification of the vibration sources at resonant frequencies, a sufficiently high eigenfrequency is required. Therefore, the contact region between cam and support was optimized for adequate stiffness based on the Hertzian theory. Furthermore, practical tests performed on a single-degree-of-freedom mockup will show the limitation factors and further improvements required for successful integration in a full-scale quadrupole mockup presently under design.
Data Basin Climate Center: sharing and manipulating spatial information on the web
Authors: Bachelet Dominique , Strittholt James , Comendant Tosha 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMonitoring datasets is essential to detect changes that are occurring and identify thresholds that cause them, but scientists around the world are now generating large volumes of data that vary in quality, format, supporting documentation, and accessibility. Moreover, diverse models are being run at various spatial and temporal scales to try and understand past climate variability and its impacts, generate future climate and land use scenarios, and project potential future impacts to the planet. Conservation practitioners and land managers are struggling to synthesize this wealth of information, identify relevant and usable datasets, and translate evolving science results into on-the-ground climate-aware strategies.In partnership with ESRI and Mambo media, the Conservation Biology Institute (CBI) is developing a versatile web-based resource that centralizes usable climate change-relevant datasets and provides analytical tools to visualize, analyze, and communicate findings for practical applications. To illustrate its capability to store, manipulate, and derive relevant conclusions to users, we present three examples of projects involving scientists and managers that are part of the Climate Center of Data Basin (http://www.databasin.org): a conservation project in the Puget Sound area of Washington State, a climate change impacts project in California, a North American project looking at climate change impacts on Canada lynx. We conclude by showing the use of this new web tool in workshops that bring together scientists and practitioners, allowing all to access the data and develop more effective management strategies.
Opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in tropical peatlands
Authors: Murdiyarso D. , Hergoualc’h K. , Verchot L. V. 
Published: November 2010

The upcoming global mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries should include and prioritize tropical peatlands. Forested tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia are rapidly being converted into production systems by introducing perennial crops for lucrative agribusiness, such as oil-palm and pulpwood plantations, causing large greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Guidelines for GHG Inventory on Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Uses provide an adequate framework for emissions inventories in these ecosystems; however, specific emission factors are needed for more accurate and cost-effective monitoring. The emissions are governed by complex biophysical processes, such as peat decomposition and compaction, nutrient availability, soil water content, and water table level, all of which are affected by management practices. We estimate that total carbon loss from converting peat swamp forests into oil palm is 59.4 ± 10.2 Mg of CO
2
per hectare per year during the first 25 y after land-use cover change, of which 61.6% arise from the peat. Of the total amount (1,486 ± 183 Mg of CO
2
per hectare over 25 y), 25% are released immediately from land-clearing fire. In order to maintain high palm-oil production, nitrogen inputs through fertilizer are needed and the magnitude of the resulting increased N
2
O emissions compared to CO
2
losses remains unclear.
Apparent failure of the Born–Oppenheimer static surface model for vibrational excitation of molecular hydrogen on copper
Authors: Kroes Geert-Jan , Díaz Cristina , Pijper Ernst , Olsen Roar A. , Auerbach Daniel J. 
Published: November 2010

The accuracy of dynamical models for reactive scattering of molecular hydrogen, H
2
, from metal surfaces is relevant to the validation of first principles electronic structure methods for molecules interacting with metal surfaces. The ability to validate such methods is important to progress in modeling heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we study vibrational excitation of H
2
on Cu(111) using the Born–Oppenheimer static surface model. The potential energy surface (PES) used was validated previously by calculations that reproduced experimental data on reaction and rotationally inelastic scattering in this system with chemical accuracy to within errors ≤ 1 kcal/mol ≈ 4.2 kJ/mol [Díaz C, et al. (2009)
Science
326:832–834]. Using the same PES and model, our dynamics calculations underestimate the contribution of vibrational excitation to previously measured time-of-flight spectra of H
2
scattered from Cu(111) by a factor 3. Given the accuracy of the PES for the experiments for which the Born–Oppenheimer static surface model is expected to hold, we argue that modeling the effect of the surface degrees of freedom will be necessary to describe vibrational excitation with similar high accuracy.
Silane plus molecular hydrogen as a possible pathway to metallic hydrogen
Authors: Yao Yansun , Klug Dennis D. 
Published: November 2010

The high-pressure behavior of silane, SiH
4
, plus molecular hydrogen was investigated using a structural search method and ab initio molecular dynamics to predict the structures and examine the physical origin of the pressure-induced drop in hydrogen intramolecular vibrational (vibron) frequencies. A structural distortion is predicted at 15 GPa from a slightly strained fcc cell to a rhombohedral cell that involves a small volume change. The predicted equation of state and the pressure-induced drop in the hydrogen vibron frequencies reproduces well the experimental data (Strobel TA, Somayazulu M, Hemley RJ (2009)
Phys Rev Lett
103:065701). The bond weakening in H
2
is induced by intermolecular interactions between the H
2
and SiH
4
molecules. A significant feature of the high-pressure structures of SiH
4
(H
2
)
2
is the dynamical behavior of the H
2
molecules. It is found that H
2
molecules are rotating in this pressure range whereas the SiH
4
molecules remain rigid. The detailed nature of the interactions of molecular hydrogen with SiH
4
in SiH
4
(H
2
)
2
is therefore strongly influenced by the dynamical behavior of the H
2
molecules in the high-pressure structure. The phase with the calculated structure is predicted to become metallic near 120 GPa, which is significantly lower than the currently suggested pressure for metallization of bulk molecular hydrogen.
The Effect of Legalization on Wages and Health Insurance: Evidence from the National Agricultural Workers Survey
Authors: Kandilov Amy M. G. , Kandilov Ivan T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe estimate the effect of legalization on the wages and benefits of foreign‐born agricultural workers. Using data from the National Agricultural Workers Survey, we employ propensity score matching techniques to compare legal permanent residents in the United States with an appropriate control group of undocumented workers. Consistent with previous findings, we show that becoming a legal permanent resident results in a modest wage gain of about 5%. Further, we provide novel evidence that, in addition to higher wages, legalization leads to a significantly higher likelihood of receiving some other form of compensation, such as employer‐sponsored health insurance or a monetary bonus.
SPLATCHE2: a spatially explicit simulation framework for complex demography, genetic admixture and recombination
Authors: Ray Nicolas , Currat Mathias , Foll Matthieu , Excoffier Laurent 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Summary: SPLATCHE2 is a program to simulate the demography of populations and the resulting molecular diversity for a wide range of evolutionary scenarios. The spatially explicit simulation framework can account for environmental heterogeneity and fluctuations, and it can manage multiple population sources. A coalescent-based approach is used to generate genetic markers mostly used in population genetics studies (DNA sequences, SNPs, STRs or RFLPs). Various combinations of independent, fully or partially linked genetic markers can be produced under a recombination model based on the ancestral recombination graph. Competition between two populations (or species) can also be simulated with user-defined levels of admixture between the two populations. SPLATCHE2 may be used to generate the expected genetic diversity under complex demographic scenarios and can thus serve to test null hypotheses. For model parameter estimation, SPLATCHE2 can easily be integrated into an Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) framework.
Availability and implementation: SPLATCHE2 is a C++ program compiled for Windows and Linux platforms. It is freely available at www.splatche.com, together with its related documentation and example data.
Contact: mathias.currat@unige.ch
Iatrogenic Femoral Neuropathy: Two Cases and Literature Update
Authors: Al-Ajmi Abdullah , Rousseff Rossen T , Khuraibet Adnan J 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Iatrogenic femoral neuropathy is an uncommon surgical or obstetric complication that may be underreported. It results from compression, stretch, ischemia, or direct trauma of the nerve during hip arthroplasty, self-retaining retractor use in pelvicoabdominal surgery, lithotomy positioning for anesthesia or labor, and other more rare causes. Decreasing incidence of this complication after abdominal and gynecologic surgery but increase in its absolute numbers after hip arthroplasty has emerged over the last decade. We describe two illustrative cases related respectively to lithotomy positioning and self-retaining retractor use. The variability in clinical presentation of iatrogenic femoral nerve lesions, some new insights in their diverse pathophysiology, and in the diagnostic and treatment options are discussed with an update from the literature.
Interfering with interferon-γ signalling in intestinal epithelial cells: selective inhibition of apoptosis-maintained secretion of anti-inflammatory interleukin-18 binding protein
Authors: Schuhmann D , Godoy P , Weiß C , Gerloff A , Singer M V , Dooley S , Böcker U 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe intestinal epithelial barrier represents an important component in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Interferon (IFN)-γ, a T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine, regulated by the interleukin (IL)-18/IL-18 binding protein (bp) system, modulates the integrity of this barrier. The aim of this work was to study functionally the consequences of IFN-γ on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and to interfere selectively with identified adverse IFN-γ effects. IEC lines were stimulated with IFN-γ. IL-18 and IL-18bp were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Staining of phosphatidylserine, DNA laddering, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, cleavage of poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose-polymerase (PARP) and activation of caspase-3 were analysed to determine cell death. Inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, caspase-3 or p38 mitogen-activated kinase ((MAP) activity were used. Cytokines were measured in supernatants of colonic biopsies of healthy controls and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. In IEC lines, IFN-γ up-regulated IL-18bp selectively. Ex vivo, IFN-γ was present in supernatants from cultured biopsies and up-regulated with inflammation. Contrary to previous reports, IFN-γ alone induced apoptosis in IEC lines, as demonstrated by phosphatidylserin staining, DNA cleavage and LDH release. Further, activation of caspase-3, PARP cleavage and expression of pro-apoptotic Bad were induced. Partial inhibition of caspase-3 and of p38 but not JAK tyrosine kinase, preserved up-regulation of IL-18bp expression. Selective inhibition of IFN-γ mediated apoptosis, while preserving its beneficial consequences on the ratio of IL-18/IL-18bp, could contribute to the integrity of the mucosal barrier in intestinal inflammation.