bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Microtubule-Associated Protein-Tau Expression As a Prognostic and Predictive Marker in the NSABP-B 28 Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pusztai Lajos , Jeong Jong-Hyeon , Gong Yun , Ross Jeffrey S. , Kim Chungyeul , Paik Soonmyung , Rouzier Roman , Andre Fabrice , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Wolmark Norman , Symmans W. Fraser 
Published: August 2009

Purpose We assessed Tau protein expression in primary breast cancer specimens of patients included in the National Surgical Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) -B 28 clinical trial. Expression levels were correlated with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Interaction between this marker and paclitaxel efficacy was also examined. Methods Tissue microarrays were available for 1,942 patients (63% of all trial participants) who were randomly assigned to receive either four courses of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) or AC followed by four courses of adjuvant paclitaxel chemotherapy. All patients who were hormone receptor positive received adjuvant endocrine therapy. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure Tau expression at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center blinded to clinical outcome. Correlation between Tau and OS and DFS was performed by the NSABP Biostatistical Center. Results Forty-three percent of patients were Tau positive. Tau positivity correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) -positive status (P < .0001), lower histologic grade (P < .001), and lack of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression (P < .0001). In univariate analyses, Tau- and ER-positive status were both associated with better DFS and OS (P < .0001) whereas greater tumor size, high grade, lymph node- and HER2-positive status were each associated with worse DFS and OS (P < .0001). In multivariate analysis, the same variables except HER2 remained significant. There was no significant interaction between Tau expression and benefit from paclitaxel in the total population or among ER-positive or -negative patients. Conclusion High Tau protein expression is associated with better prognosis in patients treated with adjuvant anthracycline and paclitaxel chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, but there was no significant interaction between Tau expression and paclitaxel benefit.
Pharmacogenetic Pathway Analysis for Determination of Sunitinib-Induced Toxicity
Authors: van Erp Nielka P. , Eechoute Karel , van der Veldt Astrid A. , Haanen John B. , Reyners An K.L. , Mathijssen Ron H.J. , Boven Epie , van der Straaten Tahar , Baak-Pablo Renée F. , Wessels Judith A.M. , Guchelaar Henk-Jan , Gelderblom Hans 
Published: August 2009

Purpose To identify genetic markers in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic pathways of sunitinib that predispose for development of toxicities: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, mucosal inflammation, hand-foot syndrome, and any toxicity according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria higher than grade 2. Patients and Methods A multicenter pharmacogenetic association study was performed in 219 patients treated with single-agent sunitinib. A total of 31 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 12 candidate genes, together with several nongenetic variants, were analyzed for a possible association with toxicity. In addition, genetic haplotypes were developed and related to toxicity. Results The risk for leukopenia was increased when the G allele in CYP1A1 2455A/G (odds ratio [OR], 6.24; P = .029) or the T allele in FLT3 738T/C (OR, 2.8; P = .008) were present or CAG in the NR1I3 (5719C/T, 7738A/C, 7837T/G) haplotype (OR, 1.74; P = .041) was absent. Any toxicity higher than grade 2 prevalence was increased when the T allele of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 1191C/T (OR, 2.39; P = .046) or a copy of TT in the ABCG2 (−15622C/T, 1143C/T) haplotype (OR, 2.63; P = .016) were present. The risk for mucosal inflammation was increased in the presence of the G allele in CYP1A1 2455A/G (OR, 4.03; P = .021) and the prevalence of hand-foot syndrome was increased when a copy of TTT in the ABCB1 (3435C/T, 1236C/T, 2677G/T) haplotype (OR, 2.56; P = .035) was present. Conclusion This exploratory study suggests that polymorphisms in specific genes encoding for metabolizing enzymes, efflux transporters, and drug targets are associated with sunitinib-related toxicities. A better understanding of genetic and nongenetic determinants of sunitinib toxicity should help to optimize drug treatment in individual patients.
Photochromic diarylethene molecules and crystals
Authors: Irie Masahiro , Morimoto Masakazu 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Some of the diarylethene derivatives were found to undergo photoisomerization reactions between two isomers even in the single-crystalline phase. The two isomers have different electronic as well as geometrical structures. The electronic structure change induces the reversible color change of the crystal. Single crystals composed of three different kinds of diarylethenes having similar geometrical structures, bisoxazolylethene, bisthiazolylethene, and bisthienylethene have been prepared. The crystals exhibited multicolor photochromism. The colorless crystals turned yellow, red, and blue upon irradiation with the appropriate wavelength of light. The geometrical structure change of component diarylethene molecules in crystals induces reversible surface morphology as well as shape and size changes of the crystals. The photoinduced geometrical structure changes of the molecules in the densely packed crystals were successfully linked to the macro-scale mechanical motion of the solid crystals and resulted in the net task of launching a tiny silica particle.
Regulatory Divergence inDrosophila melanogasterandD. simulans, a Genomewide Analysis of Allele-Specific Expression
Authors: Graze Rita M , McIntyre Lauren M , Main Bradley J , Wayne Marta L , Nuzhdin Sergey V 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSpecies-specific regulation of gene expression contributes to the development and maintenance of reproductive isolation and to species differences in ecologically important traits. A better understanding of the evolutionary forces that shape regulatory variation and divergence can be developed by comparing expression differences among species and interspecific hybrids. Once expression differences are identified, the underlying genetics of regulatory variation or divergence can be explored. With the goal of associating cis and/or trans components of regulatory divergence with differences in gene expression, overall and allele-specific expression levels were assayed genomewide in female adult heads of Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, and their F1 hybrids. A greater proportion of cis differences than trans differences were identified for genes expressed in heads and, in accordance with previous studies, cis differences also explained a larger number of species differences in overall expression level. Regulatory divergence was found to be prevalent among genes associated with defense, olfaction, and among genes downstream of the Drosophila sex determination hierarchy. In addition, two genes, with critical roles in sex determination and micro RNA processing, Sxl and loqs, were identified as misexpressed in hybrid female heads, potentially contributing to hybrid incompatibility.
Comparing Mutational and Standing Genetic Variability for Fitness and Size inCaenorhabditis briggsaeandC. elegans
Authors: Salomon Matthew P , Ostrow Dejerianne , Phillips Naomi , Blanton Dustin , Bour Whitney , Keller Thomas E , Levy Laura , Sylvestre Thamar , Upadhyay Ambuj , Baer Charles F 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe genetic variation present in a species depends on the interplay between mutation, population size, and natural selection. At mutation-(purifying) selection balance (MSB) in a large population, the standing genetic variance for a trait (VG) is predicted to be proportional to the mutational variance for the trait (VM); VM is proportional to the mutation rate for the trait. The ratio VM/VG predicts the average strength of selection (S) against a new mutation. Here we compare VM and VG for lifetime reproductive success (≈ fitness) and body volume in two species of self-fertilizing rhabditid nematodes, Caenorhabditis briggsae and C. elegans, which the evidence suggests have different mutation rates. Averaged over traits, species, and populations within species, the relationship between VG and VM is quite stable, consistent with the hypothesis that differences among groups in standing variance can be explained by differences in mutational input. The average (homozygous) selection coefficient inferred from VM/VG is a few percent, smaller than typical direct estimates from mutation accumulation (MA) experiments. With one exception, the variance present in a worldwide sample of these species is similar to the variance present within a sample from a single locale. These results are consistent with specieswide MSB and uniform purifying selection, but genetic draft (hitchhiking) is a plausible alternative possibility.
Reflections on Well-Child Care Practice: A National Study of Pediatric Clinicians
Authors: Tanner J. Lane , Stein Martin T. , Olson Lynn M. , Frintner Mary Pat , Radecki Linda 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE: To assess perspectives about the practice of well-child care among pediatric clinicians, especially in the areas of child development and behavior.METHODS: Thirty-one focus groups (282 pediatricians and 41 pediatric nurse practitioners) in 13 cities addressed current practices, priorities used to determine content of well-child care visits, and changes to improve visit quality and outcomes.RESULTS: Although most clinicians were positive about their practice of well-child care, they reported areas of concern and suggested ideas for improvements. Establishing a therapeutic relationship and individualizing care were viewed as significant contributions to quality of care. Participants agreed about the importance of eliciting parent concerns as the first priority for all well-child care visits. Community resources outside the office setting were seen as both a major influence on and, in some communities, a limitation to pediatric care. The challenges of early recognition of developmental and behavior problems through standardized questionnaires and effective interviewing were viewed as a priority to improve pediatric effectiveness in monitoring and treatment. To enhance primary care practices in developmental and behavioral pediatrics, participants suggested innovations in practice organization, community linkages, information technology, and integration of existing innovative programs. Education for pediatricians and enhanced resident training in developmental and behavioral pediatrics were endorsed.CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric clinicians' support a vision of preventive care that is comprehensive, family centered, and developmentally relevant, both for children with greater risk to long-term healthy development and for families with more normative child-rearing concerns.
Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Screened for Celiac Disease
Authors: Narula Priya , Porter Lesley , Langton Josephine , Rao Veena , Davies Paul , Cummins Carole , Kirk Jeremy , Barrett Timothy , Protheroe Susan 
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND: The association between celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized. Most cases of CD in patients with DM are reported to be asymptomatic.
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to (1) compare and audit our practice with the published standards for screening for CD in children with DM, (2) characterize the children with DM and biopsy-confirmed CD, in terms of growth and gastrointestinal symptoms, and compare them with children with DM and negative celiac serology, and (3) document the effects of a gluten-free diet (GFD) after 1 year of gastrointestinal symptoms, growth, and insulin requirement.
METHOD: We performed a retrospective case-note review of 22 children with DM, positive celiac serology ± biopsy-confirmed CD, and 50 children with DM and negative celiac serology.
RESULTS: Twenty-two children (3.9% of the total diabetic population) had positive celiac serology on screening, with 17 (3%) having biopsy-confirmed CD. Ninety-four percent of the children had standardized celiac serology testing. At diagnosis of CD, 13 of the 17 biopsy-positive children (76.4%) had ≥1 gastrointestinal symptom. The frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms in negative celiac serology diabetic children was 6% (3 of 50) (P &lt; .0005). Symptoms resolved in all children after introduction of a GFD. A significant improvement in weight SD score (P = .008) and BMI SD score (P = .02) was noted in those compliant with a GFD after 1 year.
CONCLUSIONS: Children with DM and CD have a higher frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms than their diabetic peers with negative celiac serology and are not truly asymptomatic. Institution of a GFD has a positive effect on nutritional status and symptom resolution in the short-term.
Computerized Order Entry With Limited Decision Support to Prevent Prescription Errors in a PICU
Authors: Kadmon Gili , Bron-Harlev Efrat , Nahum Elhanan , Schiller Ofer , Haski Gali , Shonfeld Tommy 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE: The value of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) and clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) in preventing prescription errors in pediatrics is unclear. We investigated the change in prescription error rates with the introduction of CPOE with and without a CDSS limited to weight-based dosing in a PICU.
METHODS: In a PICU of a major tertiary-care pediatric medical center, 5000 orders were reviewed, that is, 1250 orders from each of 4 periods: period 1, before CPOE implementation; period 2, 1 year after CPOE implementation; period 3, after CDSS implementation; and period 4, after a change in prescription authorization. Prescription errors were identified and classified into: potential adverse drug events (ADEs), medication prescription errors (MPEs), and rule violations (RVs).
RESULTS: We identified 273 errors (5.5%). The rate of potential ADEs decreased slightly between periods 1 and 2 (from 2.5% to 2.4%) and significantly in periods 3 and 4 (to 0.8% and 0.7%, respectively; P &lt; .005). The rate of MPEs decreased slightly between periods 1 and 2 (from 5.5% to 5.3%), but new types of MPEs appeared. There was a significant decrease in period 3 (to 3.8%; P &lt; .05) and a dramatically significant decrease in period 4 (to 0.7%; P &lt; .0005). Only 3 RVs were found. Interrater agreement (κ statistic) was 0.788 between evaluators.
CONCLUSIONS: CPOE implementation decreased prescription errors only to a small extent. However, the addition of a CDSS that limits doses by weight significantly reduced prescription error rates and, most importantly, potential ADEs. This finding emphasizes the major impact of weight-based calculation errors in pediatrics.
Decision-making by Adolescents and Parents of Children With Cancer Regarding Health Research Participation
Authors: Read Kate , Fernandez Conrad Vincent , Gao Jun , Strahlendorf Caron , Moghrabi Albert , Pentz Rebecca Davis , Barfield Raymond Carlton , Baker Justin Nathaniel , Santor Darcy , Weijer Charles , Kodish Eric 
Published: August 2009

BACKGROUND: Low rates of participation of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in clinical oncology trials may contribute to poorer outcomes. Factors that influence the decision of AYAs to participate in health research and whether these factors are different from those that affect the participation of parents of children with cancer.
METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of data from validated questionnaires provided to adolescents (&gt;12 years old) diagnosed with cancer and parents of children with cancer at 3 sites in Canada (Halifax, Vancouver, and Montreal) and 2 in the United States (Atlanta, GA, and Memphis, TN). Respondents reported their own research participation and cited factors that would influence their own decision to participate in, or to provide parental authorization for their child to participate in health research.
RESULTS: Completed questionnaire rates for AYAs and parents were 86 (46.5%) of 185 and 409 (65.2%) of 627, respectively. AYAs (n = 86 [67%]) and parents (n = 409 [85%]) cited that they would participate in research because it would help others. AYAs perceived pressure by their family and friends (16%) and their physician (19%). Having too much to think about at the time of accrual was an impediment to both groups (36% AYAs and 47% parents). The main deterrent for AYAs was that research would take up too much time (45%). Nonwhite parents (7 of 56 [12.5%]) were more apt to decline than white parents (12 of 32 [3.7%]; P &lt; .01).
CONCLUSIONS: AYAs identified time commitment and having too much to think about as significant impediments to research participation. Addressing these barriers by minimizing time requirements and further supporting decision-making may improve informed consent and impact on enrollment in trials.
Propranolol for Severe Infantile Hemangiomas: Follow-Up Report
Authors: Sans Véronique , de la Roque Eric Dumas , Berge Jérôme , Grenier Nicolas , Boralevi Franck , Mazereeuw-Hautier Juliette , Lipsker Dan , Dupuis Elisabeth , Ezzedine Khaled , Vergnes Pierre , Taïeb Alain , Léauté-Labrèze Christine 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE: Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most-common soft-tissue tumors of infancy. We report the use of propranolol to control the growth phase of IHs.METHODS: Propranolol was given to 32 children (21 girls; mean age at onset of treatment: 4.2 months) after clinical and ultrasound evaluations. After electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluations, propranolol was administered with a starting dose of 2 to 3 mg/kg per day, given in 2 or 3 divided doses. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored during the first 6 hours of treatment. In the absence of side effects, treatment was continued at home and the child was reevaluated after 10 days of treatment and then every month. Ultrasound measurements were performed after 60 days of treatment.RESULTS: Immediate effects on color and growth were noted in all cases and were especially dramatic in cases of dyspnea, hemodynamic compromise, or palpebral occlusion. In ulcerated IHs, complete healing occurred in &lt;2 months. Objective clinical and ultrasound evidence of longer-term regression was seen in 2 months. Systemic corticosteroid treatment could be stopped within a few weeks. Treatment was administered for a mean total duration of 6.1 months. Relapses were mild and responded to retreatment. Side effects were limited and mild. One patient discontinued treatment because of wheezing.CONCLUSION: Propranolol administered orally at 2 to 3 mg/kg per day has a consistent, rapid, therapeutic effect, leading to considerable shortening of the natural course of IHs, with good clinical tolerance.
Impact of Growth Hormone Therapy on Adult Height of Children Born Small for Gestational Age
Authors: Maiorana Arianna , Cianfarani Stefano 
Published: August 2009

CONTEXT: Use of growth hormone (GH) therapy to promote growth in short children born small for gestational age (SGA) was recently approved in the United States and Europe, but there is still disagreement about the magnitude of effectiveness of GH.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of GH therapy on adult height in short SGA children by a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs).
METHODS: We performed a systematic review of controlled studies using as data sources the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, and the bibliographic references from all retrieved articles describing RCTs up to November 2008. A meta-analysis of all RCT studies conducted up to the achievement of adult height was performed. Inclusion criteria were birth weight and/or length below −2 SD score (SDS), initial height less than −2 SDS, and GH dose range of 33 to 67 μg/kg per day. Adult height SDS and overall height gain SDS were the primary outcome measures.
RESULTS: Four RCTs (391 children) met the inclusion criteria. The adult height of the GH-treated group significantly exceeded controls by 0.9 SDS. Mean height gain was 1.5 SDS in treated versus 0.25 SDS in untreated SGA subjects. No significant difference in adult height was observed between the 2 GH dose regimens.
CONCLUSIONS: GH therapy seems to be an effective approach to partially reduce the adult height deficit in short SGA children. However, the response to therapy is highly variable, and additional studies are needed to identify the responders.
Complete classification of spatial surfaces with parallel mean curvature vector in arbitrary non-flat pseudo-Riemannian space forms
Authors: Chen Bang-Yen 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Submanifolds with parallel mean curvature vector play important roles in differential geometry, theory of harmonic maps as well as in physics. Spatial surfaces in 4D Lorentzian space forms with parallel mean curvature vector were classified by B. Y. Chen and J. Van der Veken in [9]. Recently, spatial surfaces with parallel mean curvature vector in arbitrary pseudo-Euclidean spaces are also classified in [7]. In this article, we classify spatial surfaces with parallel mean curvature vector in pseudo-Riemannian spheres and pseudo-hyperbolic spaces with arbitrary codimension and arbitrary index. Consequently, we achieve the complete classification of spatial surfaces with parallel mean curvature vector in all pseudo-Riemannian space forms. As an immediate by-product, we obtain the complete classifications of spatial surfaces with parallel mean curvature vector in arbitrary Lorentzian space forms.
Representation and duality for Hilbert algebras
Authors: Celani Sergio , Cabrer Leonardo , Montangie Daniela 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
In this paper we introduce a special kind of ordered topological spaces, called Hilbert spaces. We prove that the category of Hilbert algebras with semi-homomorphisms is dually equivalent to the category of Hilbert spaces with certain relations. We restrict this result to give a duality for the category of Hilbert algebras with homomorphisms. We apply these results to prove that the lattice of the deductive systems of a Hilbert algebra and the lattice of open subsets of its dual Hilbert space, are isomorphic. We explore how this duality is related to the duality given in [6] for finite Hilbert algebras, and with the topological duality developed in [7] for Tarski algebras.
Functional a posteriori error estimates for incremental models in elasto-plasticity
Authors: Repin Sergey , Valdman Jan 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
We consider incremental problem arising in elasto-plastic models with isotropic hardening. Our goal is to derive computable and guaranteed bounds of the difference between the exact solution and any function in the admissible (energy) class of the problem considered. Such estimates are obtained by an advanced version of the variational approach earlier used for linear boundary-value problems and nonlinear variational problems with convex functionals [24, 30]. They do no contain mesh-dependent constants and are valid for any conforming approximations regardless of the method used for their derivation. It is shown that the structure of error majorant reflects properties of the exact solution so that the majorant vanishes only if an approximate solution coincides with the exact one. Moreover, it possesses necessary continuity properties, so that any sequence of approximations converging to the exact solution in the energy space generates a sequence of positive numbers (explicitly computable by the majorant functional) that tends to zero.