bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncoupling phosphate deficiency from its major effects on growth and transcriptome via PHO1 expression in Arabidopsis
Authors: Rouached Hatem , Stefanovic Aleksandra , Secco David , Bulak Arpat Alaaddin , Gout Elisabeth , Bligny Richard , Poirier Yves 
Published: November 2010

SummaryInorganic phosphate (Pi) is one of the most limiting nutrients for plant growth in both natural and agricultural contexts. Pi‐deficiency leads to a strong decrease in shoot growth, and triggers extensive changes at the developmental, biochemical and gene expression levels that are presumably aimed at improving the acquisition of this nutrient and sustaining growth. The Arabidopsis thaliana PHO1 gene has previously been shown to participate in the transport of Pi from roots to shoots, and the null pho1 mutant has all the hallmarks associated with shoot Pi deficiency. We show here that A. thaliana plants with a reduced expression of PHO1 in roots have shoot growth similar to Pi‐sufficient plants, despite leaves being strongly Pi deficient. Furthermore, the gene expression profile normally triggered by Pi deficiency is suppressed in plants with low PHO1 expression. At comparable levels of shoot Pi supply, the wild type reduces shoot growth but maintains adequate shoot vacuolar Pi content, whereas the PHO1 underexpressor maintains maximal growth with strongly depleted Pi reserves. Expression of the Oryza sativa (rice) PHO1 ortholog in the pho1 null mutant also leads to plants that maintain normal growth and suppression of the Pi‐deficiency response, despite the low shoot Pi. These data show that it is possible to unlink low shoot Pi content with the responses normally associated with Pi deficiency through the modulation of PHO1 expression or activity. These data also show that reduced shoot growth is not a direct consequence of Pi deficiency, but is more likely to be a result of extensive gene expression reprogramming triggered by Pi deficiency.
Comparison of anal sac cytological findings and behaviour in clinically normal dogs and those affected with anal sac disease
Authors: James Danielle J. , Griffin Craig E. , Polissar Nayak L. , Neradilek Moni B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNo previous study has explored the relationship between cytology and the frequency of behaviours associated with anal sac disease (ASD). The goals of the study were: (i) to compare the cytological findings between anal sac secretions from normal dogs with no history of ASD to those with non‐neoplastic ASD; (ii) to determine whether anal sac cytological findings can be used to differentiate between normal dogs and dogs with ASD; (iii) to explore the correlation of anal sac cytology and behaviour between normal dogs and dogs with ASD; and (iv) to describe behaviours typical of ASD as reported by owners. Thirty dogs were selected for this study, based on their behavioural history as detailed in a questionnaire completed by their owners. Of the thirty dogs, ten were considered normal insofar as they had no history of ASD clinical signs. The remaining 20 dogs were characterized as having ASD, with a chronic history of perianal pruritus, but no other pruritus. All dogs had their anal sacs manually expressed, and the discharge was examined microscopically in a blinded manner. A total of 171 oil immersion fields (OIFs) were examined from normal dogs and 333 OIFs from dogs with ASD. The behavioural results for dogs with ASD revealed that scooting recurred with a median frequency of 3 weeks post‐anal sac expression. There were no clinically statistically significant cytological differences between normal dogs and those with ASD, thereby leading to the conclusion that cytology is an ineffective tool for diagnosing ASD.
Vertebral Column, Rib and Sternal Muscles of Sulawesi Babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis)
Authors: Kneepkens A. F. L. M. , Macdonald A. A. 
Published: November 2010

With 2 figuresSummaryThe muscular anatomy of the vertebrae, ribs and sternebrae of the Sulawesi Babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis) is described. There are many similarities to the anatomy of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa). However, unlike other pigs, the M. spinalis et semispinalis cervicis et thoracis has an origin from the twelfth thoracic mamillary process. Similarly, the Babyrousa does not have the lumbar part of the M. obliquus internus abdominis which is found in other pigs. The M. sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis of the Babyrousa is not fused to the Mm. multifidi, and the origin of the M. obliquus externus abdominis in the Babyrousa does not include rib 4 or the fascia thoracolumbalis. In the Babyrousa, the M. longissimus atlantis is clearly separated from the M. longissimus capitis, whereas in Sus the two are fused and have a more caudal origin (up to the second thoracic vertebra). The M. longissimus cervicis of the Babyrousa has a less extensive origin and insertion than is found in the domestic pig which may be related to differences between each species in its ability to dig with its nose.
Effects of leaf surfaces on first‐instar Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) behaviour
Authors: Shelomi Matan , Perkins Lynda E , Cribb Bronwen W , Zalucki Myron P 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Helicoverpa armigera is a common pest insect on several economically important crops. While the feeding behaviour of later instars of this and other herbivorous larvae has been studied extensively, less has been done on the behaviour of newly hatched larvae. The behaviour of neonate H. armigera larvae on leaves from a variety of food plants and on two artificial diets was detailed. Recordings of the individual neonate larva's behaviour were taken for 3 h following the initiation of feeding. Analysis of the data suggested that larvae behaved differently in response to plant surfaces. Larvae took more bouts when feeding on the significantly thicker leaves of canola, with longer first meals on waxy canola than on a wax‐less variety. Analysis of feeding holes using a scanning electron microscope suggested that the longer feeding bouts were due to the pre‐processing time required to remove the wax from the leaf surface. Larvae feeding on trichome‐rich plants like tobacco and tomato also had to remove these obstacles before feeding. Increased time spent feeding or moving on the leaf surface could lead to increased exposure to predation, indicating that larval food choice or host choice by the ovipositing adult moth may have important implications in larval survival.
Insects associated with the fruit of Syzygium paniculatum (Magenta Lillypilly) and Syzygium australe (Brush Cherry)
Authors: Juniper Peter A , Britton David R 
Published: November 2010

AbstractForty‐one insect species and morphospecies belonging to eight trophic guilds were reared from the fruit of cultivated and wild Syzygium paniculatum and Szygium australe (Myrtaceae) trees in Sydney and on the Central Coast of NSW. Species recovered from S. australe were primarily a subset of those recovered from S. paniculatum. Of the most commonly sampled species four were seed predators: Sigastus msp.1 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Anselmella miltoni (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Megastigmus sp. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) and Coscinoptycha improbana (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae). Megastigmus also appears to be an inquiline associated with A. miltoni. Coscinoptycha improbana is primarily a frugivore. The frugivore Bactrocera jarvisi (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the saprophage Ectopsocus msp.1 (Psocoptera: Ectopsocidae) were also relatively abundant in samples. The rearing of C. improbana, A. miltoni and B. jarvisi as well as the less commonly sampled Acroceuthes metaxanthana (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Tortricinae), three morphospecies of Holocola (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) and Isotenes miserana (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from S. paniculatum and S. australe constitute new host records for these insects.
Morphometric studies of the genusSitobionMordvilko 1914 in Australia (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Hales Dinah , Foottit Robert G , Maw Eric 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe taxonomic status of several Australian populations within the aphid genusSitobionhas been uncertain for many years. Morphometric investigations using principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis have allowed us to clarify the relationships of these entities. A form on grasses, referred to in the literature asSitobionnearfragariae, is shown not to separate morphometrically fromS. fragariae(Walker) collected in Europe and North America. In contrast,Sitobion miscanthi(Takahashi) Clones 61 (2n = 20) and 34 (2n = 17) separate unequivocally from each other and from Clone 4 (2n = 18), the supposed ancestral karyotype. We argue against describing these as separate species. Sexual forms ofS. miscanthiand AustralianS. fragariaereared in the laboratory were compared with the sexual forms of EuropeanSitobion avenae(Fabricius) andS.fragariae, respectively. Australian specimens fromSmilax glyciphyllaandSmilax australis(Smilacaceae) are notSitobion smilacifoliae(Takahashi).
First valid records of Figitinae (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) from Australia:Xyalophora maurisp. n. andXyalophora australianasp. n.
Authors: Paretas‐Martínez Jordi , Pujade‐Villar Juli 
Published: November 2010

AbstractXyalophora australianasp. n. andXyalophora maurisp. n. are described, being the first valid records of the subfamily Figitinae in Australia. The most important characters that distinguish these new species from other species ofXyalophoraKieffer are mentioned and illustrated.Sarothrus io(Girault) is synonymised withAlloxysta victrix(Westwood).
Screening for hepatitis B in East Arnhem Land: a high prevalence of chronic infection despite incomplete screening
Authors: Carroll E. , Page W. , Davis J. S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractInfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is common in Aboriginal Australians, but current seroprevalences in Northern Territory communities are unknown. We performed an audit of HBV serology on a convenience sample of 112 adults at an East Arnhem Land Health Service. Complete HBV serology was only available in 26 (23%) patients. Evidence of HBV exposure (core antibody‐positive) was found in 43 of 68 (63%) patients tested, and current HBV infection (surface antigen‐positive) was found in nine of 76 (12%). HBV is an incompletely defined, under‐resourced and substantial public health problem in Aboriginal Australians.
Primary cytomegalovirus ileitis complicated by massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage in a patient with steroid refractory Crohn's disease
Authors: Le S. T. T. , Lee S. S. K. , Prideaux L. , Block A. A. , Moore G. T. C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA young man with known steroid refractory terminal ileal Crohn's disease developed torrential gastrointestinal bleeding necessitating an emergency ileal resection. Serology was indicative of primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and this was confirmed with histopathology of the resected ileum. We highlight the difficulty in clinical practice of distinguishing between CMV infection and CMV disease as well as the different investigations available to aid in the diagnosis of pathogenic CMV disease.
Ovarian clear cell adenofibromatous tumor of borderline malignancy associated with high levels of carbohydrate antigen 19‐9
Authors: Momotani Kiyoko , Tanaka Tomohito , Iwai Emi , Kanda Takayoshi , Munakata Satoru , Ohmichi Masahide 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis report presents a case of ovarian clear cell adenofibromatous tumor of borderline malignancy, which is a rare variant of an ovarian epithelial tumor associated with high levels of carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9). A 79‐year‐old female with a large pelvic tumor underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy; her pre‐operative serum CA19‐9 level was 780 IU/mL. The diameter of the elastic hard ovarian tumor was 17 cm. Microscopically, many tubular glands lay in an abundant fibrocollagenous stroma. Most of the glands were lined with flattened cells or cuboidal clear cells with large nuclei, but in a small area there were small crowded glands. The epithelium of the glands, in which stratification occurred over three layers, had clear cytoplasmic regions and enlarged nuclei with prominent nucleoli. CA19‐9 was immunohistochemically positive in the epithelial cells. The final diagnosis was ovarian clear cell adenofibromatous tumor of borderline malignancy, stage Ia. Postoperatively, her serum CA19‐9 level decreased to the normal limit.
The RNA polymerase subunits E/F from the Antarctic archaeon Methanococcoides burtonii bind to specific species of mRNA
Authors: De Francisci Davide , Campanaro Stefano , Kornfeld Geoff , Siddiqui Khawar S. , Williams Timothy J. , Ertan Haluk , Treu Laura , Pilak Oliver , Lauro Federico M. , Harrop Stephen J. , Curmi Paul M. G. , Cavicchioli Ricardo 
Published: November 2010

SummaryRNA polymerase in Archaea is composed of 11 or 12 subunits – 9 or 10 that form the core, and a heterodimer formed from subunits E and F that associates with the core and can interact with general transcription factors and facilitate transcription. While the ability of the heterodimer to bind RNA has been demonstrated, it has not been determined whether it can recognize specific RNA targets. In this study we used a recombinant archaeal MbRpoE/F to capture cellular mRNA in vitro and a microarray to determine which transcripts it specifically binds. Only transcripts for 117 genes (4% of the total) representing 48 regions of the genome were bound by MbRpoE/F. The transcripts represented important genes in a number of functional classes: methanogenesis, cofactor biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, transcription, translation, import/export. The arrangement and characteristics (e.g. codon and amino acid usage) of genes relative to the putative origin of replication indicate that MbRpoE/F preferentially binds to mRNA of genes whose expression may be important for cellular fitness. We also compared the biophysical properties of RpoE/F from M. burtonii and Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, demonstrating a 50°C difference in their apparent melting temperatures. By using MbRpoE/F to capture and characterize cellular RNA we have identified a previously unknown functional property of the MbRpoE/F heterodimer.
‘Friendly islands’ in an unfriendly system: Examining the process of Tonga's WTO accession
Authors: Wallis Joanne 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTonga became the 151st member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in July 2007. This article considers the issues that Tonga faced during its WTO accession process, and the potential impact of the reforms it has made in compliance with the terms of its accession. It notes that WTO membership may offer some benefits to Tonga, including improved market access for its exports and the provision of technical assistance. The taxation and regulatory reforms necessitated by accession might also have some positive development effects. However, this article argues that the costs of WTO accession outweigh these benefits. This is because Tonga faced numerous challenges during its accession process, which led it to agree to substantial trade concessions. In addition, the ‘special and differential’ (S&D) treatment provisions intended to assist developing countries like Tonga once they become WTO members are inadequate. While this article focuses on Tonga, the issues raised are relevant to other Pacific SIDS engaged in WTO accession negotiations, including Vanuatu and Samoa.
Possible gender differences in the quality of life and choice of therapy in acne
Authors: Berg M. , Lindberg M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground  Acne is a very common skin disease that has major impact on the patients’ quality of life. Although the disease has been extensively studied we still need more knowledge of factors influencing the decisions for choice of therapy.Objective  To evaluate the relationships between clinical severity, patients’ self‐reported quality of life, treatment choice and the outcome of therapy in a structured out‐patient acne clinic.Methods  In total 211 consecutive patients (143 females, 68 males) at a structured acne clinic were included. At the first visit a clinical assessment was conducted, therapy was initiated and the patients answered a quality‐of‐life questionnaire (Dermatology Life Quality Index, DLQI). A follow up was performed after six months, when patients once again answered the DLQI questionnaire and the clinical outcome was assessed by the physician.Results  The quality of life was improved after treatment at a group level. At the first visit, the quality of life showed a gender difference (females scoring worse) but did not correlate to the clinical grading nor to the choice of therapy. At six months the DLQI correlated with clinical outcome. Patients with isotretinoin therapy showed a significantly greater improvement in quality of life. There was a tendency to gender difference in the choice of therapy, as in females 32% of the patients were treated with isotretinoin although they were clinically graded as moderate. The corresponding figure for males was 23%. A correlation was found between the initial clinical grading and gender, age and the choice of therapy.Conclusion  DLQI can be used to evaluate treatment effects in acne. However, the self‐reported quality of life will depend on several factors including age, gender, psychosocial factors and clinical severity.
Stent Biomaterial and Design Selection Using Finite Element Analysis for Percutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Kumar Gideon P. , Mathew Lazar 
Published: November 2010

AbstractVascular support structures are important devices for treating valve stenosis. Large populations of patients are treated for valvular disease and the principal mode of treatment is the use of percutaneous valvuloplasty. Stent devices are proving to be imperative in minimally invasive cardiac surgery. This new technology provides highly effective results at minimal cost and short duration of hospitalization. This article discusses the finite element analysis (FEA) of various percutaneous aortic valve stent designs. The stent designs were modeled and subjected to FEA. Analysis was done on four models using three biomaterials, with loads ranging from 10 665.8 N/m2 to 26 664 N/m2. These pressures were selected as they are equivalent to human blood pressure, which ranges from 80 mm Hg to 200 mm Hg. They were also selected to understand the mechanical behavior of different stent designs under such high pressures. Four stent models were generated and their physical, mechanical, and behavioral properties were studied. FEA and simulation of these models encouraged the designer to select the geometry and the biomaterial suitable for performance during and after implantation. The analysis performed in this article may aid in understanding the stents' performance ranges when subjected to the physiological pressures exerted by the heart and cardiac blood flow during abnormal cardiovascular conditions. It may also help in finding the best design and the biomaterial that would be suitable under such conditions.
HIV‐1 Transmission in the Male Genital Tract
Authors: Ganor Yonatan , Bomsel Morgane 
Published: November 2010

Citation Ganor Y, Bomsel M. HIV‐1 transmission in the male genital tract. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 65: 284–291HIV‐1 is mainly a sexually transmitted infection, and epithelial surfaces covering genital mucosa are the primary site of HIV‐1 transmission. Although male circumcision was reported to reduce male acquisition of HIV‐1 by 60%, the initial mechanisms of HIV‐1 transmission in the male genitals remain elusive. We established two novel models of the adult human foreskin epithelium that allowed for polarized infection via the mucosal pole with either HIV‐1‐infected cells that are present in all secretions vectorizing HIV‐1 or cell‐free HIV‐1. Efficient HIV‐1 transmission occurs following 1 hr of polarized exposure of the inner, but not outer, foreskin to mononuclear cells highly infected with HIV‐1, but not to cell‐free virus. HIV‐1‐infected cells form viral synapses with apical foreskin keratinocytes, leading to polarized budding of HIV‐1, which is rapidly internalized by Langerhans cells (LCs) in the inner foreskin. In turn, LCs form conjugates with T‐cells, thereby transferring HIV‐1. Seminal plasma from HIV‐negative men mixed with cervico‐vaginal secretions from HIV‐positive women, which mimics the in‐vivo mixture of these genital fluids during woman‐to‐man HIV‐1 sexual transmission, decreases HIV‐1 infection at the foreskin. Our results rationalize at the cellular level the apparent protective outcome of circumcision against HIV‐1 acquisition by men.
A new pathway in teaching dermatology
Authors: Mühlstädt Michael , Thomas Peter 
Published: November 2010

SummaryNew legislative requirements for medical licensure in 2003 made necessary restructuring of medical education at German universities. Since the hours of patient contact and the proportion of small group teaching were explicitly defined, many curricula had to be changed fundamentally. For the clinical years of its Medical Curriculum Munich (MeCuMLMU) the medical faculty of the Ludwig‐Maximilian University in Munich (LMU) decided on a modular concept. For dermatology, this meant less lecture time, more student‐patient interaction, the introduction of small group teaching, and the establishing of a catalogue of learning objectives. In cooperation with the Virtual University of Bavaria the internet was integrated into mandatory teaching for the first time. A faculty development program was instituted to increase teaching competence. All measures were designed to create an individual learning setting offering optimal support for every student. The large number of students remains the final nemesis.
Feasibility and compliance in a nutritional primary prevention trial in infants at increased risk for type 1 diabetes
Authors: Virtanen SM , Bärlund S , Salonen M , Savilahti E , Reunanen A , Paronen J , Hämäläinen A‐M , Ilonen J , Teramo K , Erkkola M , Ormisson A , Einberg Ü , Riikjärv M‐A , Ludvigsson JG , Knip M , Åkerblom HK ,   The Finnish TRIGR Study Group
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  The international Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) was launched to determine whether weaning to a highly hydrolysed formula in infancy reduces the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children at increased genetic disease susceptibility. We describe here the findings on feasibility and compliance from the pilot study.Methods:  The protocol was tested in 240 children. The diet of the participating children was assessed by self‐administered dietary forms, a structured questionnaire and a food record. Blood samples were taken and weight and height measured at birth and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months.Results:  A majority of the subjects (84%) were exposed to the study formula at least for 2 months. Linear growth or weight gain over the first 2 years of life was similar in the two study groups. The levels of IgA and IgG antibodies to cow’s milk and casein were higher in the cow’s milk–based formula group than in the hydrolysed formula group during the intervention period (p < 0.05), reflecting the difference in the intake of cow’s milk protein.Conclusion:  This randomized trial on infant feeding turned out to be feasible, and dietary compliance was acceptable. Valuable experience was gained for the planning and sample size estimation of the study proper.