bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of informed consent in cataract surgery trial: why do patients enter a clinical trial?
Authors: CONSTANTINOU M , JHANJI V , LAMOUREUX E , CHIANG P , REES G , VAJPAYEE RB 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To elicit the reasons underpinning willingness to accept or decline enrolment (into a cataract surgery clinical trial and to identify the determinants of patients’ decision making. Methods Patients interviewed by questionnaire were assigned to two different groups depending on whether they gave consent or refused to participate in the trial. Patient data collected included attitudes on informed consent (attitude to trial and trial clinician; health and illness perceptions), evaluation of information provision (the way information was given, evaluation of written/verbal information, difficulty of understanding written information disclosure) and sociodemographic variables. Results Of the 40 patients, 20 (50%) consented to enter the trial and 20 (50%) declined. All patients in the consenting group expected positive implications compared to 6 (30%) in the non‐consenting group who expected negative implications (p<0.05). The majority of patients (90%) in the non‐consenting group felt that the degree of risk by undergoing trial treatment was moderate to high. The perceived burden imposed on daily life by participating in the non‐consented group was moderately higher in 11 (55%) compared to 3 (15%) in the consented group (p<0.05). Conclusion Major reasons for participation in a cataract surgery trial were expected positive implications from involvement, and, satisfaction with the attitudes of medical experiments. Patients who refused to enter the trial felt that the degree of risk as well as burden imposed on daily life by participating was high. Demographic variables did not have any overall significant impact on a patient’s decision to accept or decline entry into the trial.
FNA biopsies for genomic analysis and adjuvant therapy for uveal melanoma
Authors: DESJARDINS L , LUMBROSO‐LE ROUIC L , LEVY‐GABRIEL C , CASSOUX N , COUTURIER J , ASSELAIN B , PIPERNO‐NEUMANN S , SASTRE X 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Recent changes in the management of uveal melanoma include the use of biopsies for genomic analysis and the identification of patients with a high risk of metastasis. We wish to describe our first experience with fine needle aspiration (FNA), genome profiling and adjuvant therapy protocol for high risk patients Methods we have started a multicentric adjuvant phase III trial of intravenous fotemustine (FOTEADJ) for high risk uveal melanoma patients. Patients with tumor of 15 mm or more in diameter with retinal detachment or extrascleral extension, patients with tumors of 18 mm or more in diameter and patients with loss of chromosome 3 and gain of entire 8q were considered high risk and eligible. Tumour genome profiling was achieved by array‐CGH on a NimbleGen 72K microarray, after whole genome amplification (WGA) in cases of FNAs Local treatment consisted in enucleation or proton beam radiotherapy. FNA was offered to patients treated by radiotherapy for a tumor of 5 mm of thickness or more. Results Between May 2009 and May 2010, 74 patients were offered to participate. Only 16 patients were included because of various reasons: technical problems with the biopsy (13 samples evaluable out of 26 FNA), refusal of the biopsy or the protocol or non inclusion criteria. There has been some improvement in our results since the introduction of WGA for FNA specimens Conclusion Proposing fine needle aspiration biopsy and obtaining sufficient material is not always easy. Including patients in randomized protocols is always a challenge. During the first year for FOTEADJ, only 22% of the eligible patients were enrolled but this percentage is greatly improving with time and experience .
MLPA of choroidal melanoma
Authors: DAMATO BE , DOPIERALA J , COUPLAND SE 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To determine the genotypic profiles of choroidal melanomas using multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and to correlate findings with clinical and pathological features and metastatic death. Methods DNA samples from 452 choroidal melanomas were analyzed with MLPA evaluating 31 loci on chromosomes 1, 3, 6 and 8. The MLPA results were correlated with survival predictors and wiht metastatic death. Results The patients (194 female; 258 male) had a median age of 59.4 years and a median follow‐up of 1.89 years. Metastatic death occurred in 47 patients, correlating most strongly with concurrent chromosomes 3 losses and chromosome 8q gains (Logrank analysis, p<0.001). Many small choroidal melanomas with a basal diameter of less than 10mm showed only chromosome 3 loss or chromosome 8q gain or none of these, suggesting that their tumour was 'pre‐lethal' at the time of ocular treatment. Conclusion MLPA analysis of choroidal melanoma is predictive of metastatic death and, therefore, clinically useful. The findings of this study are most consistent with evolutionary clonal abnormality, suggesting that timely treatment prevents the metastatic genotype and metastatic spread in a proportion of patients.
Observation in choroidal melanomas
Authors: GARCIA‐ALVAREZ C , SAORNIL MA , ALMARAZ GOMEZ A , LOPEZ LARA F , FRUTOS BARAJA J , DIEZHANDINO P 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The management of suspected small choroidal melanomas is controversial. The purpose of the present study is to assess tumor growth, visual acuity changes, activity factors and survival on choroidal melanoma patients under observation in our Intraocular Tumors Unit. Methods Prospective, consecutive and non‐interventional case series. Patients diagnosed with choroidal melanoma from 1990 to 2010 and with observation as therapeutic option were included. Criteria for observation were small size without risk factors for growing; medium and large size: no risk factors for growing (but size), advanced age, bad general health, only eye or treatment rejection. Demographic, tumoral and follow‐up data were collected in a data base and analyzed. Results 118 out of 397 patients (29.7%) diagnosed with uveal melanoma were enrolled, with mean age of 66.4 years (SD 14.3). The mean follow‐up time was 51.1 months (SD 4.5). Regarding the size, 91 (77.1%) tumors were small and 85 (72.%) were diagnosed in a routine examination. Main reason for observation was tumor small/inactive (80,5%) followed by treatment rejection (17.7%). Mean height was 2.8mm (SD 1.9) and mean base 7.6 (SD 2.8). Along the follow‐up, 17 tumors grew; 11 were treated with brachytherapy, 5 with enucleation and one with brachytherapy and enucleation. Only 16 patients died during the follow‐up, 2 by melanoma metastasis. Conclusion In our series with more than 4 years of follow up, observation seems to be a safe therapeutic option for selected small choroidal melanomas, allowing the patients to preserve visual function.
Diagnosis and management of iris melanomas: a clinical follow‐up study of 12 years
Authors: RAZZAQ L , KEUNEN J , LUYTEN GPM , DE KEIZER RJW 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Diagnosis of iris melanoma is challenging as no clear cut differentiating points exists for differentiation between iris naevi and melanoma. On the basis of our and others experience of iris tumors, an “iris melanoma module” was developed at LUMC in 1997 which included important clinical and UBM features of iris melanoma to diagnose and differentiate between iris naevi and ‐melanoma.This study is to identify important clinical and UBM variables predictive of diagnosing iris melanoma. Methods Between January 1997 and December 2007, total 117 patients were seen with suspected iris melanocytic tumors and the iris melanoma module is filled in all these patients. On the basis of the module score for each patient, decision was made whether to treat or observe the patient. We analyzed all these patients on the basis of follow‐up and current status that whether the management strategy of these patients’ iris tumors on the basis of module was right. Results 37 Patients were treated with plaque radiation (32%), 15 patients had excision or enucleation (13%), whereas in 65 patients lesions were observed with periodic follow‐up (55%). The follow‐up period is 2‐12 years. Of the 65 lesions observed for growth only 6(9%) showed growth. Most of the lesions which were excised proved to be the iris melanoma. All the variables of iris melanoma module were also analysed using the univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusion Clinical and UBM features of the iris tumors included in iris melanoma module appear to enable clinicians to differentiate reasonably well between probable malignant melanoma, for which prompt treatment is appropriate, and benign naevi, for which observation with periodic follow‐up is the good management option.
Role of blood markers in diagnostics of an age cataract
Authors: KUDRYAVTSEVA YV , CHUPROV AD , TSIBEL VB , BOJKO ER 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To reveal in a blood some markers of changes in a lens during development of a senile cataract. Methods Objects of research were 134 patients at the age from 43 till 84 years, operated concerning a cataract. We determined degree of a cataract maturity and estimated degree of a brown shade of a lens nucleus. The molecular products of peroxidation (primary, secondary, end‐products of a lipidic and proteic genesis), enzymes of antioxidants (glutationperoxidasa, glutationreductasa, superoxide scavenger), natural antioxidants (Retinolum, tocopherol, selenium in a blood were defined. Results During the development of an age cataract the level of peroxidatoin products ‐ dienic conjugates, crotonic aldehyde and the bases of Shiffa are decreasing. Decrease of content of vitamins В2, A and Е if the intensifying of a brown shade of a lens nucleus was revealed. The content of dienic conjugates decreases, the level of crotonic aldehyde increases and the concentration of the bases of Shiffa also change. The content of selenium in a blood decreases in patients with a brown cataract but it doesn't change in patients with mature cataract. Conclusion There are markers in a blood in patients with a cataract which change at advance of opacifications and intensifying of brown colour of a lens nucleus. However its changes is non‐specific and means about the general activation of processes of peroxidation and antioxidatic system
Straylight value depending on the location of lens opacity and utility of straylight measurement in deciding cataract surgery
Authors: LEE SY , KIM SJ , OH JH 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the difference of straylight value depending on the location of lens opacity and to study whether the straylight measurement is useful in deciding the surgery of early cataract. Methods 139 cataractous eyes were classified into posterior subcapsular opacity type, anterior subcapsular opacity type and diffuse nucleosclerosis type. Straylight values of each groups were measured. Straylight values of 28 patients(28 eyes) who complained visual disturbance despite good visual acuity were measured and compared with 28 control eyes. Postoperative straylight values and best corrected visual acuities of 28 patients were measured and compared with the preoperative values. Results Posterior subcapsular opacity group showed significantly high straylight values(p=0.000). Mean straylight values of 28 eyes(28 patients) and 28 control eyes were 2.04±0.91 and 1.56±0.29 respectively(p=0.002). This was well matched to the difference of self‐reported visual quality scores of each group(45.1 points and 29.8 points). Postoperative straylight values decreased significantly than preoperative straylight values(p=0.000) in 28 patients. Self‐reported visual quality was well related to the decrease of straylight values(from 45.1 points to 28.2 points). Conclusion Straylight value was significantly high in posterior subcapsular lens opacity. Straylight is found to have added value for visual quality assessment and it can be useful to determine the time of cataract surgery in early cataractous eyes.
Effects of 17beta‐estradiol in human lens epithelial cells
Authors: CELOJEVIC D , PETERSEN A , KARLSSON JO , ZETTERBERG M 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Studies have shown that postmenopausal women have an increased incidence of cataract and it has been suggested that estrogen such as hormone replacement therapy may have protective effects against cataract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 17beta‐estradiol in cultured human lens epithelial cells (HLEC). Methods HLEC were exposed to 17beta‐estradiol for 24h and cell number, apoptosis, peroxides, superoxides, glutathione (GSH) and membrane potential were measured using MTT and fluorescent probes for detection of reactive oxidative species (ROS) and caspase‐3 activity. Cells were also simultaneously incubated with 17beta‐estradiol and 25µM H202 for 24h after which the levels of ROS, GSH and the change in mitochondrial potential was measured. Results Higher concentrations of 17beta‐estradiol (10 µM) showed increased levels of peroxides, superoxides, caspase‐3, MTT, propidium iodide and decreased levels of GSH. Lower concentrations of 17beta‐estradiol (0.1‐10nM) increased the membrane potential and decreased the level of propidium iodide. Low concentrations of 17beta‐estradiol also showed protective effects against oxidative stress induced by H202, which was shown by the reduced production of both peroxides and superoxides. Conclusion Low concentrations of estrogen may have an antioxidative effect against H202 in cultured HLEC, whereas high concentrations of estrogen alone may induce oxidative damage.
First day post‐operative review after uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery: is it necessary?
Authors: CHATZIRALLI I , KANONIDOU E , CHATZIRALLIS A , PAPAZISIS L , SERGENTANIS T 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To examine the value of the review on the first post‐operative day after uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Methods 291 consecutive patients, who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery in our department, were randomized in two groups: i) Next day review (NDR group, n= 146) and ii) Non‐next day review (NNDR group , n=145). Complications within the first two weeks were assessed and the findings were analysed. Results Of the 146 patients randomized to NDR group, 8 (5.48%) presented a post‐operative complication vs 9 (6.21%) of 145 patients in the NNDR group. The difference was not statistically significant (p=0.791, χ2 test). Specifically, 3 (2.05%) of NDR group presented allergy to post‐operative treatment vs 1 (0.69%) in NNDR (p=0.622, Fisher exact test). Iris prolapse was remarked only to one patient in NNDR group (p=0.498, Fisher exact test). Two patients of each group presented corneal abrasion (p>0.999, Fisher exact test). Two patients (1.37%) in NDR group suffered from elevated intraocular pressure vs four (2.76%) in NNDR group (p=0.447, Fisher exact test). Two patients in NDR group presented punctuate epitheliopathy vs one in NNDR group (p>0.999, Fisher exact test). Finally, one patient in NNDR group had post‐operative hyphaema (p=0.498, Fisher exact test). Conclusion First post‐operative day review can be safely omitted in cases of uneventful cataract surgery.
Ranibizumab for macular telangiectasia type 2: a pilot study
Authors: BARBAZETTO IRENE , CONNEY M , KANCNIK J , YANNUZZI L 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To investigate safety and maculat telangiectasia type 2. Methods 5 patients were followed monthly and received 3 initial doses of ranibizumab with monthly PRN treatment thereafter. All patients were evaluated by clinical examination, visual acuity, leakage on fluorescein angiography and OCT. Results Results: An average of 8 injections (3‐12) over 12 months were given. Mean VA was 0.49 (LogMar) at BSL, 0.41 at wk 1, 0.42 at M1 and 0.45 at M12. Central macular thickness (CMT) measured 390, 265, 350 and 408 µm respectively. Adverse events were limited to surface irritations. Conclusion Conclusion: Short‐term improvements in visual acuity and CMT, as seen after wk 1, were not sustained over 12 months.
Influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the development of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: FERNANDEZ PEREZ S , PUEYO ROYO V , GONZALEZ VIEJO I , FERRER NOVELLA C , GIL ARRIBAS L , CALVO PEREZ P , DE LA MATA PEREZ G 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To determinate the relation between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the development and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study including all preterm children borned between September 2008 and February 2010 at Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza (Spain). They were divided in two groups depending on the exposure to tobacco during the pregnancy. The incidence of ROP and its severity were analyzed, as well as other perinatal variables that could act as confounding factors for the above mentioned relationship. Results Two hundred and eighteen preterm children were included in the study. The smokers’ rate during the pregnancy was 23.2%. We did not find differences between both groups as for the gestational age, birth weight, sex and prenatal and early postnatal diseases. We did not find statistically significant differences in ROP incidence between both groups (p=0.629). As far as the characteristics of the ROP, smokers increased the severity of the retinopathy, the need of treatment with laser and the rate of Posterior Aggressive ROP, though these were not significant. Conclusion The maternal smoking during pregnancy does not influence the incidence of the ROP, but it seems to increase its aggressiveness and the rate of Posterior Aggressive ROP.
Foveal thickness measured with Heidelberg Retina TomographTM and optical coherence tomography
Authors: ROSÉN R , NILSSON M , MARTIN L 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the test‐retest variability of foveal thickness measurements using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 3 (HRT) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) Methods 28 subjects were recruited among staff and students at St. Erik Eye Hospital. They all had decimal visual acuity ≥ 1.0, refractive error ≤ 12 D and no ophthalmic disease. Retinal thickness was measured using the HRT3 Retinal Module version 2.0 and OCT Stratus model 3000. The measured area (3.45 mm Ø) is divided in a 9‐zone grid which is used when analyzing the results. The grid consists of 3 circles; in the current study only data from the central circle is (1 mm in diameter) was used for the analysis. All subjects were examined by two experienced examiners at two different occasions. Four different images were obtained and compared according to the following schedule: I. Intraobserver/intravisit II. Interobserver/intravisit III. Intraobserver/intervisit IV. Interobserver/intervisit Results Mean foveal thickness for all subjects was 258.28 µm ± 24,16 SD measured with the HRT and 201.86 µm ± 4.76 SD with the OCT. There were no significant differences in foveal thickness between any of the five examinations. The coefficient of variation was significantly larger in the HRT measurements compared with the OCT (p= 0.029) Conclusion The repeatability between examinations was high for both the HRT and the OCT. However, the coefficient of variation was significantly smaller for the OCT, which may indicate that it is easier to detect and/or follow small changes in foveal thickness using this method.
Treatment of focal and/or diffuse central serous chorioretinopathy by series of 3 ranibizumab IVT
Authors: GONZALEZ C 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the functional, anatomical, vascular flow, effects of intravitreal injections(IVT) for focal and/or diffuse central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC),by a series of 3 Ranibizumab IVT protocol,and the recurrences frequency at 1 year evolution Methods 9 eyes with focal and /or diffuse CSC. Patients received intravitreous Ranibizumab, 3 times, every 4 weeks in an inductive treatment. The next injections depended on the follow‐up results and were done by series of 3. First and 2 months’ interval follow‐up exam included ETDRS visual acuity (VA), complete ophthalmic examination, fluorescein (FA) and infracyanine (ICG) angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT).VA and OCT were done before each IVT. We want to evaluate the incidence of this protocol on the exudation and spot leakage, and on frequency of recurrence and so on the number of IVT needed. Results VA improved in 7 eyes, stabilized in 2. Angiographic leakage reduced about 80% in 8 cases, with resolution of leakage spot in all cases. Choroidal Vessel’s leakage, thickness, dilatation and diameter, reduced significantly at ICG. At OCT, serous retinal detachment disappeared in 7 cases, 80% reduced in 2 cases, pigment epithelial detachment was flattened and less dense in all cases. Most of patients had good functional, anatomical results, with few IVT needed, no scars in the retina. 1serie was enough in 6 cases. This protocol was compared, discussed . Conclusion The results with improved visual acuity,vessel’s leakage and structure normalized at FA and ICG, reduction of exudation at OCT suggest this protocol, with series of 3 Ranibizumab IVT seems effective. It’s possibly a new treatment option for CSC, and it points out the role of choroidal vessel in CSC etiopathogeny
Treatment of Type 1 idiopathic macular telangiectasia by series of 3 ranibizumab injections after 1 year follow‐up
Authors: GONZALEZ C 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the functional, anatomical, vascular flow, effects of intravitreal injections(IVT) for Type 1 idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia, by a series of 3 Ranibizumab IVT protocol , and the recurrences frequency at 1 year evolution Methods 12 eyes of 12 patients, 10 men, 2 women, with Type 1 idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia. Patients received intravitreous Ranibizumab, 3 times, every 4 weeks in an inductive treatment. The next injections (IVT) depended on the follow‐up results and were done by series of 3. First and 2 months’ interval follow‐up exam included ETDRS visual acuity (VA), complete ophthalmic examination, fluorescein (FA) angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT).VA and OCT were done before each IVT. We want to evaluate the incidence of this protocol on the exudation and frequency of recurrence of exudation and so on the number of IVT needed. Results VA improved in 85% cases, stabilized in 15%. Angiographic leakage reduced 90% in 80% cases, cystic macular edema disappeared, telangiectasia’s size diminished. Diffuse edema was 80% reduced in 85% ,total thickness was 45% less in the average follow‐up, cysts 100% disappeared in 75% cases, in 30% were diminished in size , volume and number, by OCT. Most of patients had good functional, anatomical results, with few IVT needed, no scars in the retina. Inductive treatment was sufficient in 8 cases, needed added IVT in 4 cases, failed in no cases. This protocol was compared ,discussed . Conclusion The results, with improved visual function, lack of fluorescein leakage, reduction of exudation on OCT, few recurrences, suggest this protocol, with series of 3 Ranibizumab IVT seems effective, more retinal protective. This protocol seems attractive, speci