bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Therapists’ Attitudes, Knowledge, and Practice Approaches Regarding People Who Are Obese
Authors: Sack Suzanne , Radler Dianne Rigassio , Mairella Kathleen K. , Touger-Decker Riva , Khan Hafiz 
Published: June 2009

BackgroundLittle is known about physical therapists’ attitudes, knowledge, and practice approaches regarding people who are obese.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to determine physical therapists’ attitudes, knowledge, and practice approaches regarding obesity and to explore the relationships between attitudes and knowledge.DesignA prospective paper mail survey was designed to obtain demographic characteristics, attitudes, knowledge, and practice approaches regarding obesity. Participants were randomly selected members of the American Physical Therapy Association.MethodsDescriptive statistics were used to explore physical therapists’ attitudes, knowledge, and practice approaches regarding obesity. Pearson product moment and Spearman rank correlations were used to test the relationships between attitudes and knowledge. The a priori alpha value was set at .05.ResultsThe response rate was 34.5%. Physical therapists indicated that physical inactivity (92.8%, n=320) and overeating (78.5%, n=270) are the most important causes of obesity and that diet modifications and exercise are the most effective treatments. Respondents frequently recommended exercising more (87.4%, n=263) but rarely recommended changes in nutritional habits or referred clients to other health care disciplines. Attitude scores regarding obesity were neutral. The mean knowledge score was 6.7 (of 10). A significant correlation (r=.133, P=.043) was found between the respondents’ knowledge scores and attitudes regarding statements about obesity. Inverse correlations were seen between the respondents’ age and knowledge scores (r=−.195, P&lt;.0005) and between years in practice and knowledge scores (r= −.216, P&lt;.0005).LimitationsThe descriptive nature of this study did not allow for further investigation. The survey questionnaire was adapted from a nonvalidated tool.ConclusionsThe results suggested that physical therapists have neutral attitudes toward people who are obese. Physical therapists appropriately indicated that lack of physical activity and poor nutritional habits contribute to obesity. Younger respondents, who had recently entered the work force, had higher knowledge scores than respondents who were older and had worked longer. Improvements in physical therapists’ referral patterns may assist in the health care team approach to the treatment of obesity. Education to enhance physical therapists’ knowledge about obesity should be emphasized.
Assessment of the Quality of Cost Analysis Literature in Physical Therapy
Authors: Peterson Laura E. , Goodman Clifford , Karnes Erin K. , Chen Charlene J. , Schwartz J. Amanda 
Published: June 2009

BackgroundPolicy makers, payers, and other stakeholders increasingly call for greater evidence of the cost-effectiveness of health care interventions.ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were to identify and rate the quality of cost analysis literature in physical therapy and to report summary information on the findings from the reviewed studies.DesignThis study was a targeted literature review and rating of relevant studies published in the last decade using a quality evaluation tool for economic studies.MeasurementsThe Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument was used to obtain quality scores.ResultsNinety-five in-scope studies were identified and rated using the QHES instrument. The average quality score was 82.2 (SD=15.8), and 81 of the studies received a score of 70 or higher, placing them in the “good” to “excellent” quality range. Investigators in nearly two thirds of the studies found the physical therapy intervention under investigation to be cost-effective.LimitationsThe small number of studies meeting the inclusion criteria was a limitation of the study.ConclusionsThe quality of the literature regarding the cost-effectiveness of physical therapy is very good, although the magnitude of this body of literature is small. Greater awareness of the strengths and limitations of cost analyses in physical therapy should provide guidance for conducting high-quality cost-effectiveness studies as demand increases for demonstrations of the value of physical therapy.
Insulation discontinuity in a vagus nerve stimulator lead: a treatable cause of intolerable stimulation-related symptoms
Authors: Spitz Mark C. , Winston Ken R. , Maa Edward H. , Ojemann Steven G. 
Published: June 2009

Discontinuity in the silicone insulation over an electrode of a left vagus nerve stimulator (VNS) allowed the aberrant leak of current to the phrenic nerve and other structures. This resulted in ipsilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction, inability to vocalize, and severe radiating pain into the jaw and upper incisor for the duration of each stimulation. The device was explanted and a new device was implanted. All stimulation-related symptoms ceased immediately.
A similar discontinuity in the silicone insulation is the likely explanation for several prior reports of poorly understood pains and phrenic nerve stimulation in patients with VNSs. The findings and analysis of this case establish a rationale for consideration of replacement of the VNS lead in all similarly symptomatic patients.
The Triumph of the Veiled Dance: The Influence of Oscar Wilde and Aubrey Beardsley on Serge Diaghilev's Creation of the Ballets Russes
Authors: Rutherford Annabel 
Published: June 2009

The tremendous impact that Serge Diaghilev's Ballets Russes made on twentieth-century western arts has been well documented by scholars. Rarely has a theatre art made such an impact on society. And this influence spread beyond theatre directors, composers, costume designers, artists and performers to literature. Diaghilev caught the attention of such writers as Marcel Proust, James Joyce, Jean Cocteau, the Sitwells, Leonard Woolf, indeed, the Bloomsbury group in general, T. S. Eliot, Rupert Brooke, E. M. Forster, and, of course, D. H. Lawrence, too. While this has all been noted in biographies and memoirs, few scholars have considered the possible reasons behind the company's creation. Why would a man who had aligned himself with sumptuous and highly successful art exhibitions and demonstrated such strong passion for opera turn to ballet? Any attempt to answer such a question requires an exploration of the events in Diaghilev's life from his St. Petersburg years to the Paris years and early seasons of the Ballets Russes (1895–1913). Two names recur throughout these years: Oscar Wilde and Aubrey Beardsley – in person, in writing, and in spirit. A review of Diaghilev's career between 1895 and 1913 together with a textual study of some early ballets suggest that Wilde and Beardsley may have had a stronger influence on Diaghilev and the creation of the Ballets Russes than has previously been noticed.
Experiments in Associative Urbanism
Authors: Verebes Tom 
Published: June 2009

Abstract‘There has never been a more crucial time to challenge, reassess and propose alternatives to conventional urban masterplanning and its associated conventions, types and standards.’ Tom Verebes describes how the Design Research Laboratory (DRL) at the Architectural Association in London has employed a parametric approach to urbanism that investigates how associative design systems can control local dynamic information flows through interactive systems, spaces and interfaces. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperhabitat: Reprogramming the World
Authors: Leach Neil 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWhat are the possibilities and implications of global connectivity? Could individual living spaces be wired up to large‐scale structures and networks? Neil Leach describes how Vicente Guallart's Hyperhabitat installation for the 2008 Venice Biennale engaged with these themes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seawater Greenhouses and the Sahara Forest Project
Authors: Yeang Ken , Pawlyn Michael 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this issue, Ken Yeang joins forces with Michael Pawlyn of Exploration Architecture Ltd to investigate how seawater, when combined with the biological know‐how of a beetle, might hold the key for creating fresh water in desert environments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mortality among sheet metal workers participating in a medical screening program
Authors: Dement John , Welch Laura , Haile Elizabeth , Myers Douglas 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe Sheet Metal Occupational Health Institute Trust (SMOHIT) was formed in 1985 to examine the health hazards of the sheet metal industry in the U.S. and Canada through an asbestos disease screening program. A study of mortality patterns among screening program participants was undertaken.MethodsA cohort of 17,345 individuals with 20 or more years in the trade and who participated in the asbestos disease screening program were followed for vital status and causes of death between 1986 and 2004. Data from the screening program included chest X‐ray results by International Labour Office (ILO) criteria and smoking history. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) by cause were generated using U.S. death rates and Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate lung cancer risk relative to chest X‐ray changes while controlling for smoking.ResultsA significantly reduced SMR of 0.83 (95% CI = 0.80–0.85) was observed for all causes combined. Statistically significant excess mortality was observed for pleural cancers, mesothelioma, and asbestosis in the SMR analyses. Both lung cancer and COPD SMRs increased consistently and strongly with increasing ILO profusion score. In Cox models, which controlled for smoking, increased lung cancer risk was observed among workers with ILO scores of 0/1 (RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.89–1.54), with a strong trend for increasing lung cancer risk with increasing ILO profusion score >0/0.ConclusionsSheet metal workers are at increased risk for asbestos‐related diseases. This study contributes to the literature demonstrating asbestos‐related diseases among workers with largely indirect exposures and supports an increased lung cancer risk among workers with low ILO profusion scores. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:603–613, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, characterization and oxygen‐sensing properties of a novel luminescent Cu(I) complex
Authors: Shi Linfang , Li Bin , Lu Shaozhe , Zhu Dongxia , Li Wenlian 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA novel luminescent copper(I) complex with formula [Cu(PPh3)2(PIP)]BF4 (PPh3 = triphenyl phosphine, PIP = 2‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline) has been synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, IR, elemental analysis and X‐ray crystal structure analysis. In solid state, it displays broad band emission upon excitation at λ = 420 nm with the emission maximum locates at 551 nm. Its excited‐state lifetime is in the microsecond time scale (3.02 µs); as a result, its emission intensity is sensitive to oxygen concentration and shows oxygen‐sensing properties after being encapsulated into mesoporous silica MCM‐41. For the system with 60 mg/g loading level, a sensitivity (I0/I) of 4.35, a fluorescence quenching time (tQ) of 5 s and a recovery time (tR) of 36 s were achieved. Even after aging for 5 months, the sensitivities of the three loading level systems can be retained, ignoring the measurement error, which indicates that they possess long‐term stability. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International collaboration does not have greater epistemic authority
Authors: He Zi‐Lin 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe consistent finding that internationally coauthored papers are more heavily cited has led to a tacit agreement among politicians and scientists that international collaboration in scientific research should be particularly promoted. However, existing studies of research collaboration suffer from a major weakness in that the Thomson Reuters Web of Science until recently did not link author names with affiliation addresses. The general approach has been to hierarchically code papers into international paper, national paper, or local paper based on the address information. This hierarchical coding scheme severely understates the level and contribution of local or national collaboration on an internationally coauthored paper. In this research, I code collaboration variables by hand checking each paper in the sample, use two measures of a paper's impact, and try several regression models. I find that both international collaboration and local collaboration are positively and significantly associated with a paper's impact, but international collaboration does not have more epistemic authority than local collaboration. This result suggests that previous findings based on hierarchical coding might be misleading.
A novel electrospinning target to improve the yield of uniaxially aligned fibers
Authors: Secasanu Virgil P. , Giardina Christopher K. , Wang Yadong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractElectrospinning is a useful technique that can generate micro and nanometer‐sized fibers. Modification of the electrospinning parameters, such as deposition target geometry, can generate uniaxially aligned fibers for use in diverse applications ranging from tissue engineering to material fabrication. For example, meshes of fibers have been shown to mimic the extracellular matrix networks for use in smooth muscle cell proliferation. Further, aligned fibers can guide neurites to grow along the direction of the fibers. Here we present a novel electrospinning deposition target that combines the benefits of two previously reported electrodes: the standard parallel electrodes and the spinning wheel with a sharpened edge. This new target design significantly improves aligned fiber yield. Specifically, the target consists of two parallel aluminum plates with sharpened edges containing a bifurcating angle of 26°. Electric field computations show a larger probable area of aligned electric field vectors. This new deposition target allows fibers to deposit on a larger cross‐sectional area relative to the existing parallel electrode and at least doubles the yield of uniaxially aligned fibers. Further, fiber alignment and morphology are preserved after collection from the deposition target. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Magnetic force microscopy of iron oxide nanoparticles and their cellular uptake
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yang Mo , Ozkan Mihrimah , Ozkan Cengiz S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMagnetic force microscopy has the capability to detect magnetic domains from a close distance, which can provide the magnetic force gradient image of the scanned samples and also simultaneously obtain atomic force microscope (AFM) topography image as well as AFM phase image. In this work, we demonstrate the use of magnetic force microscopy together with AFM topography and phase imaging for the characterization of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and their cellular uptake behavior with the MCF7 carcinoma breast epithelial cells. This method can provide useful information such as the magnetic responses of nanoparticles, nanoparticle spatial localization, cell morphology, and cell surface domains at the same time for better understanding magnetic nanoparticle‐cell interaction. It would help to design magnetic‐related new imaging, diagnostic and therapeutic methods. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Discovery of Ligands for the Human Intestinal Di‐/Tripeptide Transporter (hPEPT1) Using a QSAR‐Assisted Virtual Screening Strategy
Authors: Larsen Simon Birksø , Omkvist Diana Højmark , Brodin Birger , Nielsen Carsten Uhd , Steffansen Bente , Olsen Lars , Jørgensen Flemming Steen 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe discovery of novel ligands for the hPEPT1 transporter is reported. By exploiting a fast and rigorously validated QSAR model in combination with the distance in activity‐centered chemical space (DACCS) approach, a database of commercially available compounds (Sigma–Aldrich) was screened for virtual hits. Twelve compounds were then purchased and characterized in an apical [14C]Gly‐Sar uptake competition assay. Four compounds displayed affinity in the medium‐to‐high range. A simple benzophenone derivative displayed high affinity with a sub‐millimolar binding constant (Ki=0.24 mM). The results of this study will serve as starting points for future projects, including the design and synthesis of compound libraries that seek to systematically explore the fundamental requirements for binding and transport by hPEPT1.
A comprehensive geriatric assessment is more effective than clinical judgment to identify elderly diffuse large cell lymphoma patients who benefit from aggressive therapy
Authors: Tucci Alessandra , Ferrari Samantha , Bottelli Chiara , Borlenghi Erika , Drera Monica , Rossi Giuseppe 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors set out to analyze if a simple comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) could objectively identify elderly patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) who can be effectively treated with anthracycline‐containing immunochemotherapy.METHODS:CGA was performed in 84 consecutive patients with DLCL aged >65 years and diagnosed at a single institution. Treatment with curative versus palliative intent was chosen according to clinical judgment. Cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, Oncovin (vincristine), and prednisone (CHOP) or CHOP‐like regimens were given to 62 (74%) patients. The outcome of patients was analyzed according to both the treatment received and the results of CGA.RESULTS:According to CGA, 42 (50%) patients were classified as “fit.” They were younger (P < .0001) and had less frequent systemic symptoms (P = .03). These patients received curative treatment by clinical judgment. Their response rate (92.5% vs 48.8%; P < .0001) and median survival (not reached vs 8 months; P < .0001) were significantly better than those of 42 patients considered “unfit” by CGA. Among unfit patients, 20 had actually received curative and 22 palliative therapy. These subgroups did not differ in any geriatric or lymphoma‐related characteristic. Their outcome was similar irrespectively of the type of treatment received (median survival, 8 vs 7 months; P = nonsignificant). Lymphoma rather than toxicity was the main cause of failure/death also among unfit patients treated aggressively.CONCLUSIONS:CGA is an efficient method to identify elderly DLCL patients who can benefit from a curative approach with anthracycline‐containing immunochemotherapy. Further study is needed to discern why unfit patients seem to have poor outcomes because of poor tolerance but also because of lymphoma refractoriness to intensive therapy. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Wnt antagonist gene polymorphisms and renal cancer
Authors: Hirata Hiroshi , Hinoda Yuji , Nakajima Koichi , Kikuno Nobuyuki , Yamamura Soichiro , Kawakami Kazumori , Suehiro Yutaka , Tabatabai Z. Laura , Ishii Nobuhisa , Dahiya Rajvir 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Epigenetic silencing of several wingless‐type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (Wnt) pathway‐related genes has been reported in renal cancer. Except for the T‐cell factor 4 gene TCF4, there are no reports regarding Wnt pathway gene polymorphisms in renal cancer. Therefore, the authors of this report hypothesized that the polymorphisms in Wnt signaling genes may be risk factors for renal cancer.METHODS:In total, 210 patients (145 men and 65 women) with pathologically confirmed renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and 200 age‐matched and sex‐matched control individuals were enrolled in this study. We genotyped 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 6 genes. including Dickkopf 2 (DKK2) (reference SNP identification number 17037102 [rs17037102], rs419558, and rs447372), DKK3 (rs3206824, rs11022095, rs1472189, rs7396187, and rs2291599), DKK4 (rs2073664), secreted frizzled‐related protein 4 (sFRP4) (rs1802073 and rs1802074), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) family member 7 or SMAD7 (rs12953717), and disheveled associated activator of morphogenesis 2 or DAAM2 (rs6937133 and rs2504106) using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing in the patients with RCC and in the healthy, age‐matched control group. The relations also were tested between these polymorphisms and clinicopathologic data, including sex, tumor grade, tumor stage, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, and overall survival.RESULTS:A significant decrease in the frequency of the guanine/adenine (G/A) + A/A genotypes in the DKK3 codon 335 rs3206824 was observed in the patients with RCC compared with the control group. The frequency of the rs3206824 (G/A) A‐rs7396187 (guanine/cytosine [G/C]) C haplotype was significantly lower in patients with RCC compared with other haplotypes. In addition, DKK3 rs1472189 cytosine/thymine (C/T) was associated with distant metastasis, and, DKK2 rs17037102 G‐homozygous patients had a decreased risk for death in multivariate Cox regression analysis.CONCLUSIONS:To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report documenting that DKK3 polymorphisms are associated with RCC and that the DKK2 rs17037102 polymorphism may be a predictor for survival in patients with RCC after radical nephrectomy. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Liquid‐based preparation for endometrial cytology—Usefulness for predicting the prognosis of endometrial carcinoma preoperatively
Authors: Watanabe Jun , Nishimura Yukari , Tsunoda Shinpei , Kawaguchi Miwa , Okayasu Isao , Kuramoto Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors evaluated the applicability and usefulness of immunocytochemical staining for cyclin A, p53, estrogen receptor α (ER‐α), and progesterone receptor B (PR‐B) as a preoperative prognostic indicators for endometrial carcinoma using endometrial cytology with the liquid‐based cytology (LBC) method.METHODS:Cytologic specimens from 44 patients who had endometrial carcinoma were prepared with the LBC method. The results of immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical staining for cyclin A, p53, ER‐α, and PR‐B were compared with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis.RESULTS:Patients who had positive results for cyclin A and p53 and negative results for ER‐α and PR‐B appeared to have unfavorable clinicopathologic characteristics, such as high‐grade histology, advanced clinical stage, lymphovascular space involvement (LVSI), and deeper myometrial invasion (MI), and had a poor prognosis. In contrast, patients who had positive results for ER‐α and PR‐B, and negative results for cyclin A and p53 had favorable characteristics, such well differentiated tumor, early clinical stage, negative LVSI, and less MI, and had a good prognosis. Immunostaining results from cytologic specimens obtained in the clinic and at surgery and from histologic specimens obtained at surgery were correlated positively.CONCLUSIONS:Consistent specimens that were prepared using the LBC method facilitated multiple immunocytochemical analyses. Endometrial cytology with the LBC method was useful for predicting the prognosis of patients with endometrial carcinoma before therapy. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Non‐word repetition and literacy in Dutch children at‐risk of dyslexia and children with SLI: results of the follow‐up study
Authors: de Bree Elise , Wijnen Frank , Gerrits Ellen 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study related the non‐word repetition (NWR) abilities of 4‐year‐old children at‐risk of dyslexia and children with specific language impairment (SLI) to their reading abilities at age eight. The results show that the SLI group obtained the lowest NWR score and the at‐risk group performed in‐between the control and SLI group. Approximately half of the at‐risk and SLI group showed reading difficulties. Literacy and NWR abilities were correlated for the at‐risk group, but not for the SLI group. The findings point toward differences between the groups and suggest that dyslexia and SLI should not be treated as a similar disorder. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.