bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the influence of reproductive health on poverty: a cross-sectional study in Magwi County, South Sudan
Authors: Mwanje Jolem 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To understand the relationship between household poverty and reproductive health characteristics in Magwi County, South Sudan.

Background:
Household poverty is a significant issue in many countries, including South Sudan. Poverty has been identified as a major obstacle to international development, affecting various aspects of development goals such as food security and health. Despite interventions by organizations like the World Bank, poverty rates in beneficiary countries like South Sudan have not seen significant reductions, suggesting the presence of predictors of poverty from behavioral, structural, and political origins.

Methods:
The study was conducted using an analytical cross-sectional survey design. The study targeted female and male spouses in households and employed a multistage sampling approach to select participants.

Result:
The results of the study revealed that the level of household poverty in Magwi County was 42%. The prevalence of household poverty was found to be influenced by reproductive health characteristics. The use of short-acting contraception by women was associated with a higher prevalence of poverty, whereas women who had ever aborted a pregnancy had a lower prevalence of poverty. Unintended pregnancy and inconsistent condom use by men were also associated with higher poverty rates, whereas men with only one sexual partner had lower poverty rates.

Conclusion:
This study provides valuable insights into the relationship between household reproductive health characteristics and poverty in Magwi County, South Sudan. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive approaches that address both behavioral and structural factors to effectively reduce poverty and improve development outcomes.
Bilateral Florid Disc Neovascularisation in a case of CSCR
Authors: Chowdhury Ruchira , Paul Pragati , Sen Ahana , Divya N Sai , Pradhan Amrita , Shambhawi Pragya , Majumdar Brishti , Saurabh Kumar , Roy Rupak 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To report NVD in a case of CSCR

Method:
CFP, OCT, FFA

Result:
Bilateral florid NVD in a case of CSCR

Conclusion:
Neovascularisation in CSCR is uncommon but can be managed actively to achieve optimal visual outcome.
Indolent nonprogressive multifocal choroidal lymphoid lesions with late development of systemic lymphoma
Authors: Roya Zandi , Ivy Zhu , Lee M Jampol 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To report a case of indolent nonprogressive multifocal choroidal lymphoid lesions with late development of pulmonary low-grade B-cell lymphoma after lymphoid lesion regression.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 79-year-old male was followed with ocular and systemic surveillance over a sixteen-year period for unilateral nonprogressive choroidal lesions presumed to be a benign lymphocytic disease of the choroid. Workups for systemic lymphoma and birdshot chorioretinopathy were negative. After sixteen years of observation, the choroidal lesions had largely regressed. Recent diagnosis of atrial fibrillation led to an incidental discovery of a right lower lobe lung lesion measuring 4.5 cm. Computerized tomography-guided biopsy showed low-grade B-cell lymphoma. There was no additional systemic disease detected. The patient underwent right lower lobectomy revealing extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.

Conclusion:
Patients with indolent nonprogressive multifocal choroidal lymphoid lesions should be monitored regularly for late systemic disease, which although rare, can develop even after years of follow-up.
A Case-Based Review of LVAD Infection by MABC
Authors: Khardori Nancy , Ripley Kathryn , Talt Irene , Pine Carly , Ingemi Amanda , Tin Htwe , Sciortino Christopher 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present a review of literature and report a case of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) infection and postsurgical wound infection withMycobacterium abscessuscomplex (MABC) following exposure to sewage and tap water, respectively. The initial infectious process involved the driveline and the deep pocket and progressed to involve LVAD. Prior to availability of culture results, the patient was started on linezolid followed by surgical debridement of driveline site and change of exit site. The debrided tissue grew a smooth and a rough colony variant of MABC. After 2 weeks of imipenem intravenous (IV), tigecycline IV, azithromycin oral (PO), and tedizolid PO, the patient presented to us with worsening of wound status. Antimicrobial therapy was changed to amikacin IV, imipenem IV, and cefoxitin IV along with bedside debridement, removal of 3 sutures, and placement of wound vacuum device. Amikacin IV, imipenem IV, and cefoxitin IV were then replaced with Recarbio (imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam) IV plus amoxicillin PO with significant improvement. The patient underwent LVAD removal and heart transplantation after 5 weeks and was discharged 15 days later. Following showering at home, the patient developed signs of extensive infection involving the surgical wound (chest and abdominal walls). Tigecycline IV and azithromycin IV were started. Imipenem/cilastatin/ relebactam IV plus amoxicillin PO were replaced by bedaquiline PO because of the continued financial burden to the patient. The patent was discharged on bedaquiline PO and azithromycin PO to complete 18 months of antimicrobial therapy at which time he was enjoying a very active lifestyle as he did prior to the diagnosis of advanced heart failure. He continues to do well 2 years 9 months after heart transplantation and more than a year after stopping all antimycobacterial therapy.
The bidirectional relationship between sleep problems and chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Runge Nils , Ahmed Ishtiaq , Saueressig Tobias , Perea Julya , Labie Celine , Mairesse Olivier , Nijs Jo , Malfliet Anneleen , Verschueren Sabine , Van Assche Dieter , de Vlam Kurt , Van Waeyenberg Tybo , Van Haute Jelle , De Baets Liesbet 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chronic musculoskeletal pain and sleep problems/disorders exhibit a recognized bidirectional relationship; yet, systematic investigations of this claim, particularly in a prospective context, are lacking. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the literature on the prospective associations between sleep problems/disorders and chronic musculoskeletal pain. A comprehensive search across 6 databases identified prospective longitudinal cohort studies in adults examining the relationship between sleep problems/disorders and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Random-effects meta-analyses, using the Hartung–Knapp adjustment for 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were conducted, and all results were presented as odds ratios (ORs). Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations approach. Including 16 articles from 11 study populations (116,746 participants), meta-analyses indicated that sleep problems at baseline may heighten the risk of chronic musculoskeletal pain in both short term (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.01-2.65) and long term (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.21-1.59). The evidence for different sleep problem categories was very uncertain. Chronic musculoskeletal pain at baseline may increase the risk of short-term sleep problems (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.02-2.38), but long-term evidence was very uncertain. The impact of only local or only widespread pain on short-term sleep problems was very uncertain, whereas widespread pain may elevate the risk of long-term sleep problems (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.81-2.21). In conclusion, this systematic review with meta-analysis suggests that sleep problems are associated with an increased risk of chronic musculoskeletal pain, but the bidirectional nature of this relationship requires further investigation.
The effect of statin treatment on glucose homeostasis in prediabetic individuals: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Cheng Wan-Yin , Chang Li-Hsin , Chen Harn-Shen 
Published: May 2024

Background:
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rosuvastatin and pravastatin on glucose homeostasis and other biomarkers in individuals at high risk of developing diabetes.

Methods:
This prospective, randomized, open-labeled, and controlled trial included prediabetic individuals with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. The participants were randomized into three groups: rosuvastatin (10 mg), pravastatin (40 mg), or control. Biomarkers of diabetes and glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose tolerance tests were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. The primary outcomes were comparisons of glucose homeostasis and biomarkers of diabetes among groups at baseline and after 6 months of treatment.

Results:
A total of 141 subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were screened and 41 participants were recruited. Twenty-two subjects were randomized to either the rosuvastatin or pravastatin group and 19 subjects were assigned to the control group. After 6 months of treatment, all groups had similar cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Likewise, HbA1c levels, glucose, and insulin excursions during oral glucose tolerance test, were similar among the three groups. However, compared to the other groups, the rosuvastatin group had higher homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (insulin resistance) and a lower Matsuda index (insulin sensitivity).

Conclusion:
Among prediabetic individuals with IFG, rosuvastatin treatment was associated with increased insulin resistance and decreased insulin sensitivity compared to pravastatin and control groups. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of these findings.
Effect of hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy on apoptotic microparticle levels in neonates
Authors: Yücesoy Ebru , Demir Yenigürbüz Fatma , Ateş Halil , Tüzün Funda , Duman Nuray , Özkan Hasan , Ören Hale 
Published: May 2024

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the effect of hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy on total apoptotic, platelet-derived, endothelial-derived, and tissue factor (TF)-positive apoptotic microparticle (MP) levels in neonates with nonhemolytic pathologic hyperbilirubinemia.

Methods
Thirty-three term neonates with nonhemolytic pathologic hyperbilirubinemia and 25 healthy term neonates were included. MP levels were analyzed by flow cytometry using peripheral blood samples only once for the neonates in the control group and twice for the neonates in the study group (before and after phototherapy). Annexin V-positive MPs were defined as apoptotic MPs. Platelet-derived MPs were defined as those containing CD31. MPs containing CD144 were defined as endothelial-derived MPs, and MPs expressing TF were identified as those containing CD142.

Results
The rates of total apoptotic and endothelial-derived apoptotic MPs were significantly higher in the study group than the control group before phototherapy (P = 0.012 and P = 0.003, respectively) and after phototherapy (P = 0.046 and P = 0.001, respectively). Total apoptotic, platelet-derived, endothelial-derived, and TF-positive apoptotic MPs did not show any significant differences before and after phototherapy in the study group (P = 0.908, P = 0.823, P = 0.748, and P = 0.437, respectively).

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that total apoptotic and endothelial-derived apoptotic MPs are increased in cases of nonhemolytic pathologic hyperbilirubinemia. We showed that phototherapy does not have a significant effect on apoptotic MP levels. Further studies are needed to evaluate the risk of elevated apoptotic MPs on the development of thromboembolism in neonates with nonhemolytic pathologic hyperbilirubinemia.
Impact of serum iron levels on in-hospital mortality and clinical outcomes in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Wang Zuoyan , Peng Jianjun 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundDespite advances in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), in-hospital mortality remains a concern, highlighting the need for the identification of additional risk factors such as serum iron levels.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the relationship between serum iron levels and in-hospital mortality among patients with STEMI undergoing emergency PCI.MethodsA total of 685 patients diagnosed with STEMI, treated with emergency PCI between January 2020 and June 2023, were included in this retrospective observational study. Participants were categorized based on serum iron levels into a low serum iron group (Fe <7.8 μmol/L) and a control group (Fe ≥7.8 μmol/L). Clinical and biochemical variables were compared between the groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality.ResultsThe low serum iron group demonstrated significantly higher in-hospital mortality rates (9.3 vs. 1.0%,P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that a left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40% upon admission [odds ratio (OR), 8.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.230–52.173;P = 0.029], the occurrence of no-reflow during PCI (OR, 7.13; 95% CI, 1.311–38.784;P = 0.023), and serum iron levels below 7.8 μmol/L (OR, 11.32; 95% CI, 2.345–54.640;P = 0.003) were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality.ConclusionLow serum iron levels are associated with increased in-hospital mortality in patients with STEMI undergoing emergency PCI. Serum iron levels may serve as an independent prognostic marker and could inform risk stratification and therapeutic targeting in this patient population.
Update on fracture risk assessment in osteoporosis
Authors: McCloskey Eugene , Tan Andre T.H. , Schini Marian 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
The assessment of fracture risk is playing an ever-increasing role in osteoporosis clinical management and informing international guidelines for osteoporosis. FRAX, a fracture risk calculator that provides individualized 10-year probabilities of hip and major osteoporotic fracture, has been widely used since 2008. In this review, we recap the development and limitations of intervention thresholds and the role of absolute fracture risk.

Recent findings
There is an increasing awareness of disparities and inequities in the setting of intervention thresholds in osteoporosis. The limitations of the simple use of prior fracture or the DXA-derived BMD T-score threshold are increasingly being discussed; one solution is to use fracture risk or probabilities in the setting of such thresholds. This approach also permits more objective assessment of high and very high fracture risk to enable physicians to make choices not just about the need to treat but what agents to use in individual patients.

Summary
Like all clinical tools, FRAX has limitations that need to be considered, but the use of fracture risk in deciding who to treat, when to treat and what agent to use is a mechanism to target treatment equitably to those at an increased risk of fracture.
Application of small bowel capsule endoscopy in children with Meckel’s diverticulum
Authors: Li Lin , Zhan Xue , Chen Yuxia , Li Jun , Wang Yuting 
Published: May 2024

Background
Meckel diverticulum (MD) is an important cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is a first-line examination method applied to patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, but there are few studies on its application in children with MD. This article aims to provide evidence in favor of the auxiliary diagnosis of MD in children by analyzing its characteristics using SBCE.

Methods
We retrospectively collected the clinical data of patients with suspected MD.

Results
A total of 58 children were included in this study. All 58 children presented overt gastrointestinal bleeding (bloody stool or melena). Capsule endoscopy identified protruding lesions in 2 cases, double-lumen changes in 30 cases (all considered as MD), vascular lesions in 7 cases, intestinal mucosal inflammatory lesions in 3 cases, ulcers or erosion in 3 cases, and no obvious abnormalities in SBCE in 12 cases. Both SBCE and technetium-99 scans were performed for 24 cases, 22 of which were diagnosed MD by their combined results, giving a diagnostic coincidence rate of 91.7%. Eight cases were highly suspected as MD but were negative for the technetium-99 scan and positive for SBCE.

Conclusion
SBCE has high accuracy in the diagnosis of MD in children, especially when performed in combination with a technetium-99 scan, which can greatly improve the diagnostic rate of MD in children.
Short-chain fatty acid levels in stools of patients with inflammatory bowel disease are lower than those in healthy subjects
Authors: Ozturk Ozlem , Celebi Gurkan , Duman Umut Goktan , Kupcuk Erhan , Uyanik Metin , Sertoglu Erdim 
Published: May 2024

Objective
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced when the microbiota in the large intestine cause fermentation of dietary carbohydrates and fibers. These fatty acids constitute the primary energy source of colon mucosa cells and have a protective effect in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to compare the SCFA levels in the stools of patients with IBD and healthy controls.

Method
Healthy controls and patients with IBD aged 18 and over were included in the study. Stool samples from all patients and healthy controls were collected, and stool acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid levels were measured using a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry measurement method.

Results
In this study, 64 participants were divided into two groups: 34 were in IBD (Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis) and 30 were in healthy control group. When fecal SCFA concentrations of IBD and healthy control groups were compared, a statistically significant difference was observed between them. When the fecal SCFA concentrations of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients in the IBD group were compared, however, no statistically significant difference was observed between them. Furthermore, when the participants’ diet type (carbohydrate-based, vegetable-protein-based and mixed diet) and the number of meals were compared with fecal SCFA concentrations, no statistically significant difference was observed between them.

Conclusion
In general, fecal SCFA levels in patients with IBD were lower than those in healthy controls. Moreover, diet type and the number of meals had no effect on stool SCFA levels in patients with IBD and healthy individuals.
Assessing seasonal variations of biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Neamți Lidia , Drugan Tudor Catalin , Drugan Cristina , Silaghi Ciprian , Ciobanu Lidia , Ilyés Tamás , Crăciun Alexandra 
Published: May 2024

Objective
Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic pathologies characterized by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, as well as aberrant immune responses. This study aimed to investigate inflammation markers’ seasonality and association with disease exacerbation episodes in patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Methods
284 patients were classified based on clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological criteria. Systemic inflammation was evaluated using C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and chitotriosidase, while fecal calprotectin was measured to assess intestinal inflammation. Serum vitamin D levels and the seasonality of an activity score that combines several clinical and biological parameters were also evaluated.

Results
The peak number of patients reporting endoscopic activity occurred in autumn for Crohn’s disease (82%) and spring for ulcerative colitis (95%). Regarding histological activity, spring saw the highest number of patients for both diseases (72% for Crohn’s disease; 87% for ulcerative colitis). Most of the inflammatory markers exhibited lower values during winter. Systemic inflammatory markers follow a slightly different trend than fecal calprotectin and differ in the two pathologies. The maximum values of intestinal inflammation were observed in autumn for Crohn’s disease (784 µg/g) and in spring for ulcerative colitis (1269 µg/g). Serum vitamin D concentrations were consistently low throughout the year. Statistical analysis revealed differences between the seasons for CRP and ESR (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The evolution of flares and inflammatory markers in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis displayed distinct seasonal patterns. Systemic inflammation did not consistently parallel intestinal inflammation.
Change in Defense Mechanisms During a Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Porto Tabeleão Viviane , Coelho Scholl Carolina , Pereira Kammer Katharina , Bonati de Matos Mariana , Puchalski Trettim Jéssica , Stark Stigger Rafaelle , Jacondino Pires Andressa , de Avila Quevedo Luciana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Defense mechanisms (DMs) are strategies used by the individuals to protect the ego. Therefore, compulsive behaviors in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be recognized as DMs. We analyzed how DMs changed in a brief cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for OCD. This was a quasi-experimental study with 92 OCD patients (aged 18–60 years). We used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to confirm OCD diagnosis, and we assessed the DMs with the Defense Style Questionnaire at three time points. Through a latent change score modeling, we found that the mature mechanism presented a constant change during the therapy. This mechanism increased in average 0.37 points at each measured moment of CBT, showing a linear trajectory. Neurotic and immature mechanisms showed no significant changes during therapy. The increased use of the mature mechanism can be an indicator of improvement in OCD treatment, showing that patients intensified their more adaptive responses to conflicts.
The Associations Among Observers' Openness to Experience and Agreeableness With Social Distance
Authors: Ohayon Shay , Goldzweig Gil , Vilchinsky Noa , Hasson-Ohayon Ilanit 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Despite abundant literature on personality and stigma, the role of disability type in this relationship has remained unaddressed. In the current study, we examined whether the relationship between observers' openness to experience and agreeableness on the one hand, and social distance on the other, was moderated by the target person's type of disability (psychiatric vs. physical). One hundred thirty-nine participants were randomly assigned to complete a social distance questionnaire referring to a vignette of a person in three conditions (physical disability, psychiatric disability, and control). A main effect of openness on social distance was found. Additionally, we found an interaction effect of agreeableness and the type of disability. Namely, the relationship between agreeableness and social distance was significant only in the physical disability condition but not in the other two conditions. To conclude, the current study emphasizes the role of personality traits in social distance toward individuals with disabilities.