bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platform for Highly Sensitive Alkaline Phosphatase‐Based Immunosensors Using 1‐Naphthyl Phosphate and an Avidin‐Modified Indium Tin Oxide Electrode
Authors: Aziz Md. Abdul , Jo Kyungmin , Qaium Md. Abdul , Huh Chan‐Hwa , Hong In Seok , Yang Haesik 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe report a versatile platform for highly sensitive alkaline phosphatase (ALP)‐based electrochemical biosensors that uses an avidin‐modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode as a sensing electrode and 1‐naphthyl phosphate (NPP) as an ALP substrate. Almost no electrocatalytic activity of NPP and good electrocatalytic activity of 1‐naphthol (ALP product) on the ITO electrodes allow a high signal‐to‐background ratio. The effective surface covering of avidin on the ITO electrodes allows very low levels of nonspecific binding of proteins to the sensing electrodes. The platform technology is used to detect mouse IgG with a detection limit of 1.0 pg/mL.
Electrocatalytic Reduction of Hydrogen Peroxide by Nanostructured Bimetallic Films of Metalloporphyrins
Authors: Hamer M. , Carballo R. R. , Rezzano I. N. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe report the sequential electrochemical deposition of bimetallic films of porphyrins onto gold nanoparticles, previously deposited by SAM on gold surface. SEM analysis of EAu/polyFeCuPP and EAu/cys/AuNp/polyFeCuPP showed a heterogeneous distribution of material aggregates in the former (ca. 0.1–1 μm), whereas the nanocomposite film exhibits a highly microporous structure in the micrometer diameter range. The sensitivity for H2O2 detection increased four times (609±6 mA M−1 cm−2 vs. 157±3 mA M−1 cm−2) with a linear relationship in the range of 1×10−5–2×10−3 M. The application of the particulate material to the first‐generation biosensor of glucose is described.
A microfluidic in vitro cultivation system for mechanical stimulation of bovine embryos
Authors: Kim Minseok S. , Bae Chae Yun , Wee Gabbine , Han Yong‐Mahn , Park Je‐Kyun 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis work demonstrates a novel microfluidic in vitro cultivation system for embryos that improves their development using a partially constricted channel that mimics peristaltic muscle contraction. Conventional photolithography and a PDMS replica molding process were used to make straight or constricted microchannels. To investigate the effects of constriction geometry on embryonic development, different constriction widths of the channel were designed. Bovine embryos were loaded and incubated by simply placing them on a tilting machine to provide embryo movement via gravity. The fertilized embryos were cultivated on the microfluidic in vitro cultivation system until the blastocyst, hatching, or hatched blastocyst stages. To confirm the quality of blastocysts in the microfluidic channel, double staining was performed and compared with bovine embryos cultivated by the conventional droplet method. The proportion of eight‐cell development among total embryos in the constricted channel (56.7±13.7%; mean±SD) was superior to that in the straight channel (23.9±11.0%). This suggests that the effect of constriction is vital for the early development of bovine embryos in assisted‐reproduction research.
Hypoxia in high glucose followed by reoxygenation in normal glucose reduces the viability of cortical astrocytes through increased permeability of connexin 43 hemichannels
Authors: Orellana Juan A. , Hernández Diego E. , Ezan Pascal , Velarde Victoria , Bennett Michael V. L. , Giaume Christian , Sáez Juan C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBrain ischemia causes more extensive injury in hyperglycemic than normoglycemic subjects, and the increased damage is to astroglia as well as neurons. In the present work, we found that in cortical astrocytes from rat or mouse, reoxygenation after hypoxia in a medium mimicking interstitial fluid during ischemia increases hemichannel activity and decreases cell–cell communication via gap junctions as indicated by dye uptake and dye coupling, respectively. These effects were potentiated by high glucose during the hypoxia in a concentration‐dependent manner (and by zero glucose) and were not observed in connexin 43−/− astrocytes. The responses were transient and persistent after short and long periods of hypoxia, respectively. The persistent responses were associated with a progressive reduction in cell viability that was prevented by La3+ or peptides that block connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannels or by inhibition of p38 MAP kinase prior to hypoxia–reoxygenation but not by treatments that block pannexin hemichannels. Block of Cx43 hemichannels did not affect the reduction in gap junction mediated dye coupling observed during reoxygenation. Cx43 hemichannels may be a novel therapeutic target to reduce cell death following stroke, particularly in hyperglycemic conditions. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Osteoblast proliferation on hydroxyapatite coated substrates prepared by right angle magnetron sputtering
Authors: Hong Zhendong , Mello Alexandre , Yoshida Tomohiko , Luan Lan , Stern Paula H. , Rossi Alexandre , Ellis Don E. , Ketterson John B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe preparation of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings via a versatile right‐angle magnetron sputtering (RAMS) approach for use as a biomaterial has recently been reported. RAMS coatings show some advantages over conventionally sputtered films in that room temperature deposition yields nanocrystalline and nearly stoichiometric HA coatings under appropriate conditions, thereby avoiding the troublesome post deposition annealing treatment. In this article, we present an exploratory study of the biocompatibility of RAMS HA coatings deposited on metallic substrates. RAMS HA coatings with a thickness around 500nm were prepared on various substrates. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the as‐deposited HA coatings were polycrystalline with some strongly preferred orientations. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showed that the coatings were rather smooth with surface roughness on the order of 10 nm. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that the surface chemistry was nearly stoichiometric. To study the biocompatibility of these coatings, murine pre‐osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells were seeded onto various substrates. Cell density counts using fluorescence microscopy showed that the best osteoblast proliferation is achieved on an HA RAMS‐coated titanium substrate. Additionally, in preliminary studies the influence of Zn, Mg, and Al incorporation in the HA crystal lattice on the in vitro behavior was also evaluated. These experiments demonstrate that RAMS is a promising coating technique for biomedical applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
MWCNTs as reinforcing agent to the Hap–Gel nanocomposite for artificial bone grafting
Authors: Yadav Santosh K. , Bera Tanmay , Saxena Preeti S. , Maurya Ashok K. , Garbyal Rajendra S. , Vajtai Robert , Ramachandrarao P. , Srivastava Anchal 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe essence of this investigation is to explore MWCNTs as reinforcing agents to strengthen Hap–Gel nanocomposites for artificial bone grafting applications without significantly compromising their biocompatibility. Hap–Gelatin composites, reinforced with various proportions of MWCNTs, were synthesized to optimize the MWCNT content in the composites which yield commendable improvement in the strength. The morphological studies reveal that the MWCNTs act as templates for nucleation of Hap crystals. The biocompatibility of MWCNT reinforced Hap–Gelatin composites were evaluated in animal model through the histopathological investigation of tissues from skin, kidney, and liver. On histopathological examination, no noticeable alteration due to toxicity was found for lower concentration of MWCNTs. Mild reversible changes in the liver and tubular damage in kidney have been observed for higher concentration (4 wt % of MWCNTs). It can be inferred from the findings that MWCNTs, in proportions less than 4%, can successfully be used to reinforce the Hap–Gel nanocomposite to improve its mechanical properties. However, how safe would these CNT reinforced bone implants would be when used for prolonged period in actual physiological conditions needs to be investigated further. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
The role of phospholipase D in osteoblast response to titanium surface microstructure
Authors: Fang Mimi , Olivares‐Navarrete Rene , Wieland Marco , Cochran David L. , Boyan Barbara D. , Schwartz Zvi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBiomaterial surface properties such as microtopography and energy can change cellular responses at the cell‐implant interface. Phospholipase D (PLD) is required for the differentiation of osteoblast‐like MG63 cells on machined and grit‐blasted titanium surfaces. Here, we determined if PLD is also required on microstructured/high‐energy substrates and the mechanism involved. shRNAs for human PLD1 and PLD2 were used to silence MG63 cells. Wild‐type and PLD1 or PLD1/2 silenced cells were cultured on smooth‐pretreatment surfaces (PT); grit‐blasted, acid‐etched surfaces (SLA); and SLA surfaces modified to have higher surface energy (modSLA). PLD was inhibited with ethanol or activated with 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin‐D3 [24R,25(OH)2D3]. As surface roughness/energy increased, PLD mRNA and activity increased, cell number decreased, osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin increased, and protein kinase C (PKC) and alkaline phosphatase specific activities increased. Ethanol inhibited PLD and reduced surface effects on these parameters. There was no effect on these parameters after knockdown of PLD1, but PLD1/2 double knockdown had effects comparableto PLD inhibition. 24R,25(OH)2D3 increased PLD activity and the production of osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin, but decreased cell number on the rough/high‐energy surfaces. These results confirm that surface roughness/energy‐induced PLD activity is required for osteoblast differentiation and that PLD2 is the main isoform involved in this pathway. PLD is activated by 24R,25(OH)2D3 in a surface‐dependent manner and inhibition of PLD reduces the effects of surface microstructure/energy on PKC, suggesting that PLD mediates the stimulatory effect of microstructured/high‐energy surfaces via PKC‐dependent signaling. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
DNA‐binding affinity and nuclease activity of two cytotoxic copper terpyridine complexes
Authors: Shi Pengfei , Lin Miaoxin , Zhu Jianhui , Zhang Yangmiao , Jiang Qin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTwo copper(II) terpyridine complexes, [Cu(atpy)(NO3)(H2O)](NO3) ⋅ 3H2O (1) and [Cu(ttpy)(NO3)2] (2) (atpy = 4′‐p‐N9‐adeninylmethyl‐phenyl‐2,2′:6,2″‐terpyridine; ttpy = 4′‐p‐tolyl‐2,2′:6,2″‐terpyridine) exhibited high cytotoxicity, with average ten times more potency than cisplatin against the human cervix carcinoma cell line (HeLa), the human liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2), the human galactophore carcinoma cell line (MCF7), and the human prostate carcinoma cell line (PC‐3). The cytotoxicity of the complex 1 was lower than that of the complex 2. Both complexes showed more efficient oxidative DNA cleavage activity under irradiation with UV light at 260 nm than in the presence of ascorbic acid. Especially, complex 1 exhibited evident photoinduced double‐stranded DNA cleavage activity. The preliminary mechanism experiments revealed that hydrogen peroxide was involved in the oxidative DNA damage induced by both complexes. From the absorption titration data, the DNA‐binding affinity of the complexes with surpersoiled plasmid pUC19 DNA, polydAdT, and polydGdC was calculated and complex 2 showed higher binding affinity than complex 1 with all these substrates. The DNA cleavage ability and DNA‐binding affinity of both complexes depended on the substituent group on the terpyrdine ligands. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:295–302, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20292
Combination of chemical oxidation‐membrane filtration processes for the elimination of phenyl‐ureas in water matrices
Authors: Javier Benitez F. , Acero Juan L. , Real Francisco J. , Garcia Carolina 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Phenyl‐urea herbicides are found in surface waters and wastewaters as a consequence of their extensive use in agriculture. Due to their pollutant power, the removal of phenyl‐ureas is a priority objective in water treatment technologies.RESULTS: Four selected phenyl‐ureas herbicides (linuron, diuron, chlortoluron and isoproturon), dissolved in two water matrices (a groundwater and and a reservoir water), were subjected to sequential combinations of chemical treatments and membrane filtration processes. Two specific sequences were conducted: first, a chemical oxidation stage (where UV radiation, ozone and ozone plus hydrogen peroxide were used) followed by a nanofiltration process; and second, a membrane filtration stage (using UF and NF membranes) followed by an ozonation stage. Values for the herbicide removals in the oxidation stages and for the rejection coefficients in the filtration stages are provided, and the partial contribution of the different stages is established for each combined treatment.CONCLUSIONS: High removals (over 80%) were reached for phenyl‐ureas elimination by most of the combined processes tested. In the combined chemical oxidation/nanofiltration processes, the most effective was an ozonation pretreatment ([O3]0 = 1.5 mg L−1)) followed by a NF step. In the opposite sequence filtration/chemical oxidation, the most effective was a NF pretreatment followed by the ozonation ([O3]0 = 2 mg L−1). Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Breast involvement in visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Alimoglu Emel , Ceken Kagan , Cassano Enrico , Durum Yasemin , Pestereli Elif 
Published: August 2009

AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis usually involves the bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver and spleen. Involvement of the eye or respiratory or gastrointestinal systems is very rare and usually occurs in immunodepressed patients. Only one case of breast involvement by protozoa has been reported in the literature. We report a case of a visceral leishmaniasis with a solid breast mass caused by leishmania and diagnosed by sonography‐guided core biopsy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2009
Strategies to prepare for electronic discovery in healthcare
Authors: Smetana Joseph L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWhile many healthcare risk managers have not yet received interrogatories requesting electronic information during discovery, all should nevertheless be prepared to face such requests. It is increasingly important to become knowledgeable of the legal exposure, due in part to recent amendments to the rules of civil procedure and case law that support the rules. This article provides healthcare risk managers with the basic knowledge necessary to prepare for electronic discovery.
Efficient generation of mature cerebellar Purkinje cells from mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Tao Osamu , Shimazaki Takuya , Okada Yohei , Naka Hayato , Kohda Kazuhisa , Yuzaki Michisuke , Mizusawa Hidehiro , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can generate cerebellar neurons, including Purkinje cells (PCs) and their precursor cells, in a floating culture system called serum‐free culture of embryoid body‐like aggregates (SFEB) treated with BMP4, Fgf8b, and Wnt3a. Here we successfully established a coculture system that induced the maturation of PCs in ESC‐derived Purkinje cell (EDPC) precursors in SFEB, using as a feeder layer a cerebellum dissociation culture prepared from mice at postnatal day (P) 6–8. PC maturation was incomplete or abnormal when the adherent culture did not include feeder cells or when the feeder layer was from neonatal cerebellum. In contrast, EDPCs exhibited the morphology of mature PCs and synaptogenesis with other cerebellar neurons when grown for 4 weeks in coculture system with the postnatal cerebellar feeder. Furthermore, the electrophysiological properties of these EDPCs were compatible with those of native mature PCs in vitro, such as Na+ or Ca2+ spikes elicited by current injections and excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic currents, which were assessed by whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings. Thus, EDPC precursors in SFEB can mature into PCs whose properties are comparable with those of native PCs in vitro. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Downscaling Indonesian precipitation using large‐scale meteorological fields
Authors: Vimont Daniel J. , Battisti David S. , Naylor Rosamond L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study investigates the skill of linear methods for downscaling provincial‐scale precipitation over Indonesia from fields that describe the large‐scale circulation and hydrological cycle. The study is motivated by the strong link between large‐scale variations in the monsoon and the El Niño—Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon and regional precipitation, and the subsequent impact of regional precipitation on rice production in Indonesia. Three different downscaling methods are tested across five different combinations of large‐scale predictor fields and two different estimates of regional precipitation for Indonesia.Downscaling techniques are most skillful over the southern islands (Java and Bali) during the monsoon onset or transition season (Sep‐Dec). The methods are moderately skillful in the southern islands during the dry season (May‐Aug), and exhibit poor skill during the wet season (Jan‐Apr). In northern Sumatra downscaling methods are most skillful during January to April with little skill during other times of the year. There is little difference between the three different linear methods used to downscale precipitation over Indonesia. Additional analysis indicates that downscaling methods that are trained on the annual cycle of precipitation produce less‐biased estimates of the annual cycle of regional precipitation than raw model output, and also show some skill at reconstructing interannual variations in regional precipitation. Most of the skill of downscaling methods is attributed to year‐to‐year ENSO variations and to the long‐term trend in precipitation and large‐scale fields.While the goal of the present study is to investigate the skill of downscaling methods specifically for Indonesia, results are expected to be more generally applicable. In particular, the downscaling models derived from observations have been effectively used to debias the annual cycle of regional precipitation from global climate models. It is expected that the methods will be generally applicable in other regions where regional precipitation is strongly affected by the large‐scale circulation. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Adapting MODIS‐derived LAI and fractional cover into the RAMS in East Africa
Authors: Moore Nathan , Torbick Nathan , Lofgren Brent , Wang Jing , Pijanowski Bryan , Andresen Jeffrey , Kim Dong‐Yun , Olson Jennifer 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLand cover and its associated biophysical parameters govern many land–atmosphere interactions. Several previous studies have demonstrated the utility of incorporating satellite‐derived observations of land cover into climate models to improve prediction accuracy. In the developing world where agriculture is a primary livelihood, a better understanding of seasonal variability in precipitation and near‐surface temperature is critical to constructing more effective coping strategies for climate changes and food security. However, relatively few studies have been able to assess the impacts of improved surface parameterisation on these variables and their seasonality. Using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS)‐derived products, we sought to address this shortcoming by adapting leaf area index (LAI) and vegetative fractional cover (FC) products, along with an improved representation of the land surface (i.e. land use land cover) into the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System in East Africa to evaluate the effect improved representations would have on simulated precipitation and land surface temperature (LST). In particular, we tested the hypothesis that improved phenological parameterisations could reduce error in precipitation and LST under dramatically different atmospheric conditions. The model was used to simulate dry/normal/wet rainfall years of 2000, 2001, and 2002 (respectively) in order to understand biases in this parameterisation under different boundary conditions. Our results show a dramatic improvement in LST simulation due to the use of the improved representations (spline functions) during most of the year, both spatially and temporally. Annual precipitation, which is dependent upon a much greater variety of surface and atmospheric characteristics, did not improve as much by adopting the spline representations of LAI and FC; the results were more equivocal. However, seasonal timing of precipitation improved in some areas, and this improvement has important consequences for integrated climate–agriculture assessments. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
An affordable method for the simultaneous determination of the most studied pharmaceutical compounds as wastewater and surface water pollutants
Authors: Camacho‐Muñoz Dolores , Martín Julia , Santos Juan Luis , Aparicio Irene , Alonso Esteban 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThere is still an increasing need of knowledge about the presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment in many countries. To contribute to the improvement of this knowledge it should be useful to get not only more reliable methods, but also analytical methods that do not require expensive equipment and, consequently, could be used even in the less developed areas. In the present work, a novel analytical method for the simultaneous determination of several priority pharmaceuticals, as aquatic media pollutants, in wastewater and surface water is reported. The method involves sample treatment by SPE, followed by LC with diode array and fluorescence detection. Parameters that affect the efficiency of the SPE step such as elution solvents, sample pH and cartridge sorbents were evaluated and optimized. The best results were obtained using acetone as elution solvent, acidifying samples to pH 2 and employing Oasis HLB as SPE sorbent. Recoveries of the pharmaceuticals from influent and effluent wastewater and surface water samples were in the range from 61.4 to 123%. LODs were in the range of 0.001–0.323 μg/L and LOQs were between 0.020 and 1.078 μg/L.
1,3‐Alternate calix[4]arene‐bonded silica stationary phases. Effect of calixarene skeleton substituents on the retention mechanism and column selectivity
Authors: Śliwka‐Kaszyńska Magdalena , Jaszcołt Katarzyna , Anusiewicz Iwona 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFour novel 1,3‐alternate calix[4]arene‐bonded silica gel stationary phases possessing different aromatic and aliphatic substituents at the upper rim (CalixNph, CalixBph, CalixHex, and CalixDdc) were prepared and structurally characterized. The comparison and selectivity of these phases were done by using alkylbenzenes, fatty acid p‐bromophenacyl esters, aromatic positional isomers, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons as analytes. Quantum chemistry calculations have also been performed (using an ab initio method) to support the experimental findings. The effect of the type and content of organic modifier on the retention and selectivity of the alkylbenzenes was studied. The retention mechanism is also discussed. The results indicate that the stationary phases behave like RP packings. However, inclusion complex formation and hydrophobic and π–π interactions seem to be involved in the separation process.