bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenology of Lymantria monacha (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Laboratory Reared on Spruce Foliage or a Newly Developed Artificial Diet
Authors: Keena Melody A , Vandel Alice , Pultar Oldřich 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Lymantria monacha (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) is a Eurasian pest of conifers that has potential for accidental introduction into North America. The phenology over the entire life cycle for L. monacha individuals from the Czech Republic was compared on Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce) and a newly developed artificial diet. Individuals reared on the artificial diet had lower larval mortality, slightly higher pupal mortality, developed faster, the majority of females went through one less instar, and adults weighed slightly more than those reared on the spruce foliage. Individuals reared on the spruce foliage survived and developed at rates similar to those documented in previous studies on preferred hosts. The host-free rearing methods and artificial diet presented here will allow L. monacha to be mass reared year round to aid in the advance of bioassay-based research aimed at preventing introductions and eradicating this pest if it should become established in parts of the world outside its native range. The phenology documented here suggests that managers can expect the timing of peak second instars for L. monacha to occur later than that for gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L.), and the timing of male flight to occur earlier than that of gypsy moth, if both species hatch at the same time and develop under the same environmental conditions.
Influence of Antiplatelet Drugs in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Periodontitis and Periodontal Repair in Rats
Authors: Coimbra Leila S. , Rossa Carlos , Guimarães Morgana R. , Gerlach Raquel F. , Muscará Marcelo N. , Spolidorio Denise M.P. , Herrera Bruno S. , Spolidorio Luis C. 
Published: November 2010

Background: Platelets contain an array of biologic mediators that can modulate inflammation and repair processes including proinflammatory mediators and growth factors. Previous studies have shown that periodontitis and periodontal repair are associated with platelet activation. We hypothesized that drug‐induced platelet inactivation may interfere in the processes of inflammation and repair in experimental periodontitis in rats by suppressing the release of biologic mediators from platelets to the site of injury.Methods: To measure the effects on periodontitis, ligatures were placed around first molars, and aspirin (Asp, 30 mg/kg) or clopidogrel (Clo, 75 mg/kg) was given intragastrically once daily for 15 days. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and thromboxane A2 levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. To evaluate the effects of antiplatelet drugs on periodontal repair, ligatures were removed after 15 days of periodontitis induction, and Asp or Clo were administered beginning the following day for 15 days. Periodontal repair was assessed by microcomputed tomography.Results: On periodontitis phase, Asp and Clo significantly reduced levels of TNF‐α and Il‐6 (P <0.05), but only Asp decreased thromboxane A2 (P <0.05). Asp and Clo decreased inflammatory infiltration; however, this reduction was more pronounced with Clo treatment (P <0.05). Histometric analysis showed that Asp and Clo impaired alveolar bone resorption. During the repair phase and after removal of the ligatures, microcomputed tomography analysis demonstrated that treatment with Asp and Clo did not impair alveolar bone repair.Conclusion: Systemic administration of Asp and Clo attenuates the inflammation associated with periodontitis without affecting the repair process when stimulus is removed.
Effect of Drugs on Renal Development
Authors: Schreuder Michiel F. , Bueters Ruud R. , Huigen Marleen C. , Russel Frans G.M. , Masereeuw Rosalinde , van den Heuvel Lambertus P. 
Published: November 2010

Summary
Many nephrotoxic effects of drugs have been described, whereas the effect on renal development has received less attention. Nephrogenesis ceases at approximately 36 weeks of gestation, indicating that drugs administered to pregnant women and to preterm-born neonates may influence kidney development. Such an effect on renal development may lead to a wide spectrum of renal malformations (congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract [CAKUT]), ranging from renal agenesis to a reduced nephron number. Any of these anomalies may have long-term sequelae, and CAKUT is the primary cause for renal replacement therapy in childhood. This review focuses on research into the effect of drug treatment during active nephrogenesis during pregnancy and in preterm-born infants. Because the effects of many widely used drugs have not been unraveled thus far, more research is needed to study the effect on renal development and long-term renal sequelae after drug treatment during nephrogenesis.
The comparison of cytotoxicity of the anticancer drugs doxorubicin and ellipticine to human neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Poljaková Jitka , Eckschlager Tomáš , Hřebačková Jana , Hraběta Jan , Stiborová Marie 
Published: November 2010

The comparison of cytotoxicity of the anticancer drugs doxorubicin and ellipticine to human neuroblastoma cellsEllipticine is an antineoplastic agent, whose mode of action is based mainly on DNA intercalation, inhibition of topoisomerase II and formation of covalent DNA adducts mediated by cytochromes P450 and peroxidases. Here, the cytotoxicity of ellipticine to human neuroblastoma derived cell lines IMR-32 and UKF-NB-4 was investigated. Treatment of neuroblastoma cells with ellipticine was compared with that of these cancer cells with doxorubicin. The toxicity of ellipticine was essentially the same as that of doxorubicin to UKF-NB-4 cells, but doxorubicin is much more effective to inhibit the growth of the IMR-32 cell line than ellipticine. Hypoxic conditions used for the cell cultivation resulted in a decrease in ellipticine and/or doxorubicin toxicity to IMR-32 and UKF-NB-4 neuroblastoma cells.
Pyrometric Method of Temperature Measurement with Compensation for Solar Radiation
Authors: Madura Henryk , Kastek Mariusz , Sosnowski Tomasz , Orżanowski Tomasz 
Published: November 2010

Pyrometric Method of Temperature Measurement with Compensation for Solar RadiationOutdoor remote temperature measurements in the infrared range can be very inaccurate because of the influence of solar radiation reflected from a measured object. In case of strong directional reflection towards a measuring device, the error rate can easily reach hundreds per cent as the reflected signal adds to the thermal emission of an object. As a result, the measured temperature is much higher than the real one. Error rate depends mainly on the emissivity of an object and intensity of solar radiation. The position of the measuring device with reference to an object and the Sun is also important. The method of compensation of such undesirable influence of solar radiation will be presented. It is based on simultaneous measurements in two different spectral bands, shor-twavelength and long-wavelength ones. The temperature of an object is derived from long-wavelength data only, whereas the short-wavelength band, the corrective one, is used to estimate the solar radiation level. Both bands were selected to achieve proportional changes of the output signal due to solar radiation. Knowing the relation between emissivity and solar radiation levels in both spectral bands, it is possible to reduce the measurement error several times.
A Reconstruction Method of Generalized Sampling Based on Generalized Inverse
Authors: Zhaoxuan Zhu , Houjun Wang , Zhigang Wang , Hao Zhang 
Published: November 2010

A Reconstruction Method of Generalized Sampling Based on Generalized InverseThis paper considers the problem of reconstructing a class of generalized sampled signals of which a special case occurs in,e.g., a generalized sampling system due to non-ideal analysis basis functions. To this end, we propose an improved reconstruction system and a reconstruction algorithm based on generalized inverse, which can be viewed as a reconstruction method that reduces reconstruction error as well. The key idea is to add an additional channel into a generalized sampling system and apply the generalized inverse theory to the reconstruction algorithm. Finally, the approach is applied, respectively, to an oscilloscope, which shows the proposed method yields better performance as compared to the existing technique.
Casting Pore Characterization by X-Ray Computed Tomography and Metallography
Authors: Fintová Stanislava , Anzelotti Giancarlo , Konečná Radomila , Nicoletto Gianni 
Published: November 2010

Casting Pore Characterization by X-Ray Computed Tomography and MetallographyCasting porosity is the main factor influencing the fatigue properties of Al-Si alloys. Due to the increasing use of aluminum castings, porosity characterization is useful for estimating their fatigue strength. In principle, a combination of metallographic techniques and statistical pore analysis is a suitable approach for predicting the largest defect size that is critical for the casting. Here, the influence of modifiers and casting technology on the largest pore size population in AlSi7Mg alloy specimens is obtained and discussed adopting the Murakami's approach. However, porosity evaluation is a challenge in the case of microshrinkage pores, which are frequently found in industrial castings. Their complicated morphology prevents a reliable definition of an equivalent defect size based on metallographic techniques. This contribution reports the application of X-ray tomography to the 3D reconstruction of real pores in cast Al-Si alloys and provides insight into the complication of microshrinkage pore sizing by metallography.
Meteorological and biometeorological conditions in the Hornsund area (Spitsbergen) during the warm season
Authors: Araźny Andrzej , Migała Krzysztof , Sikora Sebastian , Budzik Tomasz 
Published: November 2010

Meteorological and biometeorological conditions in the Hornsund area (Spitsbergen) during the warm season
Meteorological and biometeorological conditions during the warm seasons (June-September) of 1979-2008 are described for the Hornsund area, Spitsbergen. The measurements were taken at four sites: at Hornsund, at the Hans Glacier (at its equilibrium line and in the firn section) and at the summit of Fugleberget. The variation of meteorological and biometeorological conditions was analysed in relation to altitude, distance from the sea and the ground type. In warm seasons, the air temperature at Hornsund was 2.2 °C higher on average than at the Hans Glacier (central section) and by 2.8 °C than at the Hans Glacier (firn section) and at Fugleberget. The average wind speed recorded at Hornsund was higher (0.6 m s-1) than at the Hans Glacier and lower (0.9 m s-1) than at Fugleberget. Four biometeorological indices were used: wind chill index (WCI), predicted insulation of clothing (Iclp), cooling power (H) and subjective temperature index (STI). The strongest thermal stimuli were observed on the Hans Glacier and in the upper mountain areas. The study has found a considerable degree of spatial variation between the meteorological elements investigated and the biometeorological indices in the Hornsund area. The impact of atmospheric circulation on meteorological elements and biometeorological indices is also presented. The mildest biometeorological conditions of the warm season found at Hornsund were associated with air masses arriving from the southwest and west.
Relationships between development of organic-rich shallow shelf facies and variation in isotopic composition of pyrite (Middle Triassic, Spitsbergen)
Authors: Karcz Przemysław 
Published: November 2010

Relationships between development of organic-rich shallow shelf facies and variation in isotopic composition of pyrite (Middle Triassic, Spitsbergen)
51 samples from the Middle Triassic black shales (organic carbon-rich silt-stones; up to 4.9% TOC - Total Organic Carbon) from the stratotype section of the Bravaisberget Formation (western Spitsbergen) were analyzed with respect to isotopic composition of pyritic sulphur (Δ34S) and TOC. Isotopic composition of syngenetic pyrite-bound sulphur shows wide (Δ34S from -26‰ to +8‰ VCDT) and narrow (Δ34S from -4‰ to +17‰ VCDT) variation of the Δ34S in upper and lower part of the section, respectively. Range of the variation is associated with abrupt changes in dominant lithology. Wide Δ34S variation is found in lithological intervals characterized by alternation of black shales and phosphorite-bearing sandstones. The narrow Δ34S variation is associated with the lithological interval dominated by black shales only. Wide and narrow variation of the Δ34S values suggests interplay of various factors in sedimentary environment. These factors include oxygen concentration, clastic sedimentation rate, bottom currents and burrowing activity. Biological productivity and rate of dissimilatory sulphate reduction had important impact on the Δ34S variation as well. Wide variation of the Δ34S values in the studied section resulted from high biological productivity and high rate of dissimilatory sulphate reduction. Variable degree of clastic sedimentation rate and burrowing activity as well as the activity of poorly oxygenated bottom currents could also cause a co-occurrence of isotopically light and heavy pyrite in differentiated diagenetic micro-environments. Occurrence of organic matter depleted in hydrogen could also result in a wide variation of the Δ34S values. Narrow variation of the Δ34S values was due to a decrease of biological productivity and low rate of dissimilatory sulphate reduction. Low organic matter supply, low oxygen concentration and bottom currents and burrowing activity were also responsible for narrow variation of the Δ34S. The narrow range of the Δ34S variation was also due to occurrence of hydrogen-rich organic matter. In the studied section the major change in range of the Δ34S variation from wide to narrow appears to be abrupt and clearly associated with change in lithology. The change of lithology and isotopic values may suggest evolution of the sedimentary environment from high- to low-energy and also facies succession from shallow to deeper shelf. The evolution should be linked with the Late Anisian regional transgressive pulse in the Boreal Ocean.
Effects of posttraumatic carbamylated erythropoietin therapy on reducing lesion volume and hippocampal cell loss, enhancing angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and improving functional outcome in rats following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Xiong Ye , Mahmood Asim , Zhang Yanlu , Meng Yuling , Zhang Zheng Gang , Qu Changsheng , Sager Thomas N. , Chopp Michael 
Published: November 2010

Object
Carbamylated erythropoietin (CEPO) is a modified erythropoietin molecule that does not affect hematocrit. In this study, the authors compared the efficacy of a single dose with a triple dose of CEPO treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats.

Methods
Traumatic brain injury was induced by controlled cortical impact over the left parietal cortex. Carbamylated erythropoietin (50 μg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally in rats with TBI at 6 hours (CEPO × 1) or at 6, 24, and 48 hours (CEPO × 3) postinjury. Neurological function was assessed using a modified neurological severity score and foot fault and Morris water maze tests. Animals were killed 35 days after injury, and brain sections were stained for immunohistochemical analysis to assess lesion volume, cell loss, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis after CEPO treatment.

Results
Compared with the vehicle treatment, single treatment of CEPO (6 hours) significantly reduced lesion volume and hippocampal cell loss, enhanced angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the injured cortex and hippocampus, and significantly improved sensorimotor functional recovery and spatial learning in rats after TBI. Importantly, triple dosing of CEPO (6, 24, and 48 hours) further reduced lesion volume and improved functional recovery and neurogenesis compared with the CEPO × 1 group.

Conclusions
The authors' results indicate that CEPO has considerable therapeutic potential in TBI and related pathologies and furthermore that repeated dosing in the subacute phase might have important pharmacological relevance.
Corporate E-learning Strategy
Authors: Sitnikov Sergey , Kruk Boris , Zhuravleva Olga , Chupakhina Natalia 
Published: November 2010

Not the least factor, when launching the corporate training, is strategy determination. On the one hand, an educational institution has to follow the market and be able to satisfy the demands of corporate clients and companies. It is a so called market adaptation. However, this approach implies a number of shortcomings. An excessive interest in market adaptation may lead to lop-sided development of training process: the educational institution turns into the mirror reflecting the corporation opinion and moulds its vision of the future only due to demands of the corporation. In contrast to that, there is an approach when the educational institution searches appropriate development directions independently, thereby taking the lead over corporationsâ?? demands and competitors. Such educational institution tends to excel in changes, which happen in the market, and to make the strategy satisfy future interests and demands of the corporation.
Traditional training is grounded on the disciplinary approach to training. However, today business faces complex problems which solution can be found at the joints of disciplines and activities. Companies need multidisciplinary approaches to training. It is very important to keep the balance between conditional training with the disciplinary approach and training in partnership for multidisciplinary programs.
This paper describes the example of corporate e-learning course for managers and top managers from a major telecommunication company. Each module is dedicated to a concrete interdisciplinary topic developed by a group of several teachers. Practical part of the module consists of concrete problems, which employees have to solve while training.
Depletion of Regulatory T Cells Facilitates Growth of Established Tumors: A Mechanism Involving the Regulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells by Lipoxin A4
Authors: Zhang Biao , Jia Haibo , Liu Jing , Yang Zhuoshun , Jiang Tao , Tang Ke , Li Dapeng , Huang Chunmei , Ma Jingwei , Shen Guan-Xin , Ye Duyun , Huang Bo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are thought to facilitate tumor development by suppressing protective antitumor immune responses. However, recent clinical and laboratory studies show that Tregs are a favorable element against cancer. In this study, we provide evidence that Tregs have both promoting and inhibiting effects on tumors, depending on the stage of tumor development. By using 0.5 mg cyclophosphamide, we constructed a murine liver cancer model in which Tregs were continuously and selectively depleted. Under such conditions, we found that tumor growth was inhibited at early stages but accelerated later on. Analysis of the tumor microenvironment disclosed that long-term Treg depletion by 0.5 mg cyclophosphamide treatment induced Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Ablation of MDSCs by anti–Gr-1 Ab blocked Treg depletion-induced promotion of tumor growth. Furthermore, lipoxygenases 5 and 12, two enzymes participating in the biosynthesis of the lipid anti-inflammatory mediator lipoxin A4, were upregulated or downregulated by Treg depletion or adoptive transfer. Correspondingly, the levels of lipoxin A4 were increased or decreased. Lipoxin A4 thus regulated the induction of MDSCs in response to Treg depletion. These findings suggest that Tregs may play different roles at different stages of tumor growth: promoting early and inhibiting late tumor growth. Our study also suggests that the interplay among Tregs, MDSCs, and lipoxin A4 tunes the regulation of tumor-associated inflammation.
Cutting Edge: Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cell Clones and the Maintenance of Replicative Function during a Persistent Viral Infection
Authors: Bannard Oliver , Kraman Matthew , Fearon Douglas T. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Persistent viral infections induce the differentiation and accumulation of large numbers of senescent CD8+ T cells, raising the possibility that repetitive stimulation drives clones of T cells to senesce. It is therefore unclear whether T cell responses are maintained by the self-renewal of Ag-experienced peripheral T cell subsets or by the continuous recruitment of newly generated naive T cells during chronic infections. Using a transgenic mouse model that permits the indelible marking of granzyme B-expressing cells, we found that T cells primed during the initial stages of a persistent murine γ-herpes infection persisted and continued to divide during a latent phase of up to 7 mo. Such cells maintained an ability to extensively replicate in response to challenge with influenza virus expressing the same Ag. Therefore, Ag-experienced, virus-specific CD8+ T cell populations contain a subset that maintains replicative potential, despite long-term, persistent antigenic stimulation.
Decreased Serum Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) in Individuals with Depression Correlates with Severity of Disease
Authors: Russo A.J. 
Published: November 2010

Aim To assess serum Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) levels in individuals with depression and to test the hypothesis that there is a relationship between severity of depression and HGF concentration. Subjects and methods Serum from 26 clinically depressed individuals and 19 controls were tested for serum HGF using ELISAs. Correlation was established between HGF concentration and disease severity. Results Depressed individuals had significantly lower serum levels of HGF compared to controls ( P < 0.0001). HGF concentration correlated with overall depressive behavior ( P = 0.03) and specifically depression ( P = 0.02), but not anxiety ( P = 0.36). Discussion These results suggest an association between HGF serum levels and clinically depressed individuals and demonstrate a correlation between severity of depression and HGF levels. Further studies of the predictive strength of HGF as a biomarker for depression may be warranted.
Nanonickel Coated Aluminum Foam for Enhanced Impact Energy Absorption
Authors: Jung Anne , Natter Harald , Diebels Stefan , Lach Erhardt , Hempelmann Rolf 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOpen cell aluminum foams have been electrocoated with nanocrystalline nickel. With only 150 µm coating thickness this new composite material exhibits excellent mechanical properties. The stiffness, strength, and energy absorption capacity have been determined under quasi‐static and dynamic compression loading. The energy absorption capacity could be increased by a factor of 9 under quasi‐static loading and 4.5 under dynamic loading, respectively. This enables applications in blast protection.
From the black widow spider to human behavior: Latrophilins, a relatively unknown class of G protein‐coupled receptors, are implicated in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Martinez Ariel F. , Muenke Maximilian , Arcos‐Burgos Mauricio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe findings of a recent study associate LPHN3, a member of the latrophilin family, with an increased risk of developing attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most common psychiatric disorder in childhood and adolescence. Latrophilins comprise a new family of G protein‐coupled receptors of unknown native physiological function that mediate the neurotoxic effects of α‐latrotoxin, a potent toxin found in black widow spider venom. This receptor–toxin interaction has helped to elucidate the mechanistic aspects of neurotransmitter and hormone release in vertebrates. Such unprecedented discovery points to a new direction in the assessment of ADHD and suggest that further study of this receptor family may provide novel insights into the etiology and treatment of ADHD and other related psychiatric conditions. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.