bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Eudialyte Occurrence from the Sushina Hill Region, Purulia District, West Bengal
Authors: Chakrabarty Aniket , Pruseth Kamal L. , Sen Amit Kumar 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Eudialyte is a group of hydrated silicate minerals essentially consisting of Na and Zr with a very complex crystal structure, and generally associated with alkaline rocks. The complexity of the eudialyte structure can be understood from the fact that Na alone exist in five distinct sites and extensive solid solubility can occur in almost all cation sites, sometimes one element occupying multiple sites to the extent of exclusion of other elements. Structurally, eudialyte can be represented as Nal5[M1]6[M2]3Zr3[M3](Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3X2 (Johnsen and Grice, 1999), where M1 and M2 sites are occupied by Ca, Mn and Fe, M3 by Nb and X by OH, Cl and F. In addition, cations like Al, Hf, W, Ta, Sr, Ba and various REEs get incorporated into the eudialyte structure by substitution, and additional site vacancies even may develop in order to maintain electrical neutrality. Eudialyte, approximately of the composition Na9Ca8Mn3Nb(Zr,Ce)3Si25O73(OH)2, has hydrothermally replaced albite in the nepheline syenite gneiss exposed south of the Sushina hill of Purulia district, West Bengal. The eudialyte contains ≈2.25 atom% Zr and 0.75 atom% Nb. In addition to eudialyte in nepheline syenite, an unknown Na-Zr silicate (NZS) has also replaced the albite crystals. The NZS contains ≈ 7 atom% Zr with a possible empirical formula of Na12Zr11Si36O95(OH)10. Surface exposures of these rocks are limited at Sushina hill, yet a detailed and systematic investigation on this enigmatic rock is warranted for they may turn out to be a resource for Zr.
2-D Electrical Imaging in Some Geotechnical Investigation of Madhupur Clays, Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir A.S.M. Shamaun , Hossain Delwar , Abdullah Rashed 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Electrical imaging or electrical tomography is a survey technique suitable for the investigation of areas of shallow complex geology, where the use of other electrical and electromagnetic techniques is less effective. An electrical image has been delineated at a site located in front of the Department of Geological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 16 soil samples were collected from two boreholes located on the image line and geotechnical parameters such as unit weight, water content, grain size, plastic limit, liquid limit and plasticity index were measured in the laboratory. These geotechnical parameters were compared with the measured electrical resistivity.
Comparative Study on the Photodegradation of Indigo Caramine Dye using Commercial TiO2 and Natural Rutile
Authors: Sajan C.P. , Basavalingu B. , Ananda S. , Byrappa K. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of Indigo Caramine dye using commercial TiO2 and fine grained natural rutile has been carried out. The commercial TiO2 and natural rutile were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infra red spectroscopy (FTIR). The study on the photodegradation of Indigo Caramine dye using commercial TiO2 and natural rutile were investigated both under Solar and UV irradiation. The degradation of Indigo Caramine dye was checked by the following parameters like Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), %T, irradiation time and duration. In both cases using commercial TiO2 and natural rutile, the COD of the dye solution was reduced from 288 mg/L to less than 20 mg/L, and similarly the %T was increased from 76% to 97% and the percentage decomposition upto 97% within the irradiation duration of 3.5 hrs. The preliminary results obtained on the photodegradation of Indigo Caramine dye are highly encouraging and further work is being carried out for the use of the natural rutile or anatase sources for the other organic decomposition and treatment of industrial effluents.
Intrauterine inflammation, insufficient to induce parturition, still evokes fetal and neonatal brain injury
Authors: Elovitz Michal A. , Brown Amy G. , Breen Kelsey , Anton Lauren , Maubert Monique , Burd Irina 
Published: March 2011

AbstractExposure to prenatal inflammation is a known risk factor for long term neurobehavioral disorders including cerebral palsy, schizophrenia, and autism. Models of systemic inflammation during pregnancy have demonstrated an association with an immune response an adverse neurobehavioral outcomes for the exposed fetus. Yet, the most common route for an inflammatory exposure to a fetus is from intrauterine inflammation as occurs with chorioamnionitis. The aims of this study were to assess the effect of intrauterine inflammation on fetal and neonatal brain development and to determine if the gestational age of exposure altered the maternal or fetal response to inflammation.CD‐1 timed pregnant mice on embryonic day 15 (E15) and E18.5 were utilized for this study. Dams were randomized to receive intrauterine infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 μg/dam) or normal saline. Different experimental groups were used to assess both acute and long‐term outcomes. For each gestational age and each treatment group, fetal brains, amniotic fluid, maternal serum and placentas were collected 6 h after intrauterine infusion. Rates of preterm birth, maternal morbidity and litter size were assessed. IL6 levels were assayed in maternal serum and amniotic fluid.An immune response was determined in the fetal brains and placentas by QPCR. Cortical cultures were performed to assess for fetal neuronal injury. Gene expression changes in postnatal day 7 brains from exposed and unexposed pups were determined.In the preterm period, low dose LPS resulted in a 30% preterm birth rate. Litter sizes were not different between the groups at either gestational age. IL6 levels were not significantly increased in maternal serum at either gestational time period. Low dose LPS increased IL6 levels in the amniotic fluid from exposed dams in the term but not preterm period. Regardless of gestational age of exposure, low dose intrauterine LPS activated an immune response in the placenta and fetal brain. Exposure to intrauterine LPS significantly decreased dendritic counts in cortical cultures from both the preterm and term period. Exposure to intrauterine inflammation altered gene expression patterns in the postnatal brain; this effect was dependent on gestational age of exposure.In conclusion, intrauterine inflammation, even in the absence of preterm parturition, can evoke fetal brain injury as evidence by alterations in cytokine expression and neuronal injury. Despite an absent or limited maternal immune response in low dose intrauterine inflammation, the immune system in the placenta is activated which is likely sufficient to induce a fetal immune response and subsequent brain injury. Changes in the fetal brain lead to changes in gene expression patterns into the neonatal period. Subclinical intrauterine inflammation can lead to fetal brain injury and is likely to be mechanistically associated with long term adverse outcomes for exposed offspring.
Late Acheulean hominins at the Marine Isotope Stage 6/5e transition in north-central India
Authors: Haslam Michael , Roberts Richard G. , Shipton Ceri , Pal J.N. , Fenwick Jacqueline L. , Ditchfield Peter , Boivin Nicole , Dubey A.K. , Gupta M.C. , Petraglia Michael 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSingle-grain optically stimulated luminescence dating was applied to Late Quaternary sediments at two sites in the Middle Son Valley, Madhya Pradesh, India. Designated Bamburi 1 and Patpara, these sites contain Late Acheulean stone tool assemblages, which we associate with non-modern hominins. Age determinations of 140–120 ka place the formation of these sites at around the Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 6–5 transition, placing them among the youngest Acheulean sites in the world. We present here the geochronology and sedimentological setting of these sites, and consider potential implications of Late Pleistocene archaic habitation in north-central India for the initial dispersal of modern humans across South Asia.
Winged Men and the Cast of Dice: Anti–Finalism and Radical Materialism in Guillaume Lamy
Authors: Lucchese Filippo Del 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe controversy over teleology raged in the early modern period with particular intensity. In this paper, I will show that Guillaume Lamy represents a “radical” current of antifinalism, devoid of weakness, and far from compromise with his adversaries. This antifinalism makes of Lamy not so much a sincere supporter of the unknowability of God’s ends, as scholars have maintained — in other words, a proto–fideist — but rather a radical Lucretian materialist, whose aim is to openly distance himself equally from the partial Cartesian rejection of final causes and from the sugar–coated Epicureanism of the Gassendists.
Why was America's First Bank Aborted?
Authors: Goldberg Dror 
Published: March 2011

In 1686 the leadership of Massachusetts became involved in the first operational bank scheme in America. In 1688 this note-issuing bank was mysteriously aborted at an advanced stage. I suggest a new, simple explanation for the bank's demise. The bank's notes were supposed to be backed mostly by private land in Massachusetts, but a new royal governor invalidated all the land titles. This episode demonstrates the importance of clearly defined and enforced property rights for the development of financial institutions.“After showing him an Indian deed for land, he said that their hand was no more worth than a scratch with a bear's paw, undervaluing all my titles, though everyway legal under our former charter government.”1Joseph Lynde
Implementation of the Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) in a Forensic High Secure Unit
Authors: Kroppan Erik , Nesset MereteB. , Nonstad Kåre , Pedersen TrulsW. , Almvik Roger , Palmstierna Tom 
Published: March 2011

Our objective was to describe and analyze the implementation process of the Short Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability in a forensic high secure unit in Norway. A stepwise implementation procedure was used and an educational package on practical use of the START in the clinic was developed. A questionnaire about START was given to the staff at the end of the first implementation phase and semi-structured qualitative interviews with staff on the content of security decision processes were carried out. Also, a log of the actual number of completed START scorings was made, including the number of ratings and the regularity of these ratings finished within this time frame. After six months’ implementation the questionnaire showed that 74% of the staff agreed that the evaluations made on the basis of START were interdisciplinary. Seventy-three percent also agreed that START contributed significantly to a more systematic risk assessment and management, and 79% said the START was useful as a tool in risk assessments and treatment planning. Informants from the interview study described how the START structured their clinical judgement. At the same time, the START fulfilled their wish to address both the patients’ strengths and risks. The START continued to be in regular use after the more intensive implementation process.Our results indicate that the implementation of START had led to interdisciplinary security decisions with a broader perspective of the patients’ situation.
Remifentanil Preconditioning Reduces Hepatic Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Rats via Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression
Authors: Yang Li-Qun , Tao Kun-Ming , Liu Yan-Tao , Cheung Chi-Wai , Irwin Michael G. , Wong Gordon T. C. , Lv Hao , Song Jian-Gang , Wu Fei-Xiang , Yu Wei-Feng 
Published: March 2011

Background
Opioid preconditioning against ischemia reperfusion injury has been well studied in myocardial and neuronal tissues. The objective of this study was to determine whether remifentanil could attenuate hepatic injury and to investigate the mechanisms.

Methods
A rat model of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury and a hepatocyte hypoxia reoxygenation (HR) injury model were used, respectively, in two series of experiments. Remifentanil was administered before ischemia or hypoxia and the experiments were repeated with previous administration of naloxone, L-arginine and N-ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist, a nitric oxide donor, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, respectively. Serum aminotransferase, cytokines, and hepatic lipid peroxidation were measured. Histopathology examination and apoptotic cell detection were assessed. For the in vitro study, cell viability, intracellular nitric oxide, apoptosis, and NOS expression were evaluated.

Results
Remifentanil and L-arginine pretreatment reduced concentrations of serum aminotransferases and cytokines, decreased the concentrations of hepatic malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase activity, and increased superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, and inducible NOS expression in vivo. Decreased histologic damage and apoptosis were also seen in these two groups. These changes were prevented by previous administration of N-ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester but not naloxone. There was an increase in inducible NOS protein expression but not endogenous NOS in remifentanil and L-arginine pretreated groups compared with control, naloxone, and N-ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester groups.

Conclusion
Pretreatment with remifentanil can attenuate liver injury both in vivo and in vitro. Inducible NOS but not opioid receptors partly mediate this effect by exhausting reactive oxygen species and attenuating the inflammatory response.
Disruption of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Can Affect Survival, Bacterial Clearance, and Cytokine Gene Expression during Murine Sepsis
Authors: Guptill Virginia , Cui Xizhong , Khaibullina Alfia , Keller Jason M. , Spornick Nicholas , Mannes Andrew , Iadarola Michael , Quezado Zenaide M. N. 
Published: March 2011

Background
Previous studies suggest that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel has a role in sepsis, but it is unclear whether its effect on survival and immune response is beneficial or harmful.

Methods
We studied the effects of genetic (Trpv1-knockout vs. wild-type [WT] mice) and pharmacologic disruption of TRPV1 with resiniferatoxin (an agonist) or capsazepine (an antagonist) on mortality, bacterial clearance, and cytokine expression during lipopolysaccharide or cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis.

Results
After cecal ligation and puncture, genetic disruption of TRPV1 in Trpv1-knockout versus WT mice was associated with increased mortality risk (hazard ratio, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.23-3.81; P = 0.01). Furthermore, pharmacologic disruption of TRPV1 with intrathecal resiniferatoxin, compared with vehicle, increased mortality risk (hazard ratio, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.05-3.2; P = 0.03) in WT, but not in Trpv1-knockout, mice. After lipopolysaccharide, neither genetic (Trpv1 knockout) nor pharmacologic disruption of TRPV1 with resiniferatoxin had significant effect on survival compared with respective controls. In contrast, after lipopolysaccharide, pharmacologic disruption of TRPV1 with capsazepine, compared with vehicle, increased mortality risk (hazard ratio, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.02-3.61; P = 0.04) in WT animals. Furthermore, after cecal ligation and puncture, increased mortality in resiniferatoxin-treated WT animals was associated with higher blood bacterial count (P = 0.0004) and higher nitrate/nitrite concentrations and down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor α expression (P = 0.004) compared with controls.

Conclusions
Genetic or pharmacologic disruption of TRPV1 can affect mortality, blood bacteria clearance, and cytokine response in sepsis in patterns that may vary according to the sepsis-inducing event and the method of TRPV1 disruption.
A replication to validate and improve a measurement instrument for Deming's 14 Points
Authors: Fisher Caroline M. , Elrod Cassandra C. , Mehta Rajiv 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe success of implementing Deming's management method depends on the ability of managers to operationally define and measure Deming's 14 Points. Tamimi et al. developed a set of operational measures for these 14 Points. They tested the validity and reliability of their instrument using a sample of firms that were involved in implementing TQM practices from one to five years out from implementation. This paper aims to examine this issue.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, which retested their measurement items, data were collected from over 100 manufacturing and service companies of all sizes across the USA and Canada. The data were analyzed using similar statistical analysis procedures and comparisons were made with the results of Tamimi et al.'s study.FindingsThe results replicated the study by Tamimi et al. and supported their operational definitions with two exceptions. The scales for “Eliminating slogans and targets”, and “Taking action to accomplish the transformation”, were not found to be reliable in either the original or the current study. These two scales need to be modified and new questions are suggested in the paper.Research limitations/implicationsThe response rate for this study was high. However, self‐selection to participate and self‐reported responses could lead to some bias in responses.Originality/valueThe resulting operational definitions should prove useful to organizations interested in adopting Deming's management method.
Characterisation of poly(acrylamide)/montmorillonite nanocomposite synthesised by polymerisation induced by UV radiation
Authors: Li H. , Gao D.Y. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to use alternative polymerisation methods, i.e. UV irradiation to synthesise poly(acrylamide)/montmorillonite nanocomposite and characterise the composite.Design/methodology/approachPolymer/montmorillonite nanocomposite was synthesised by the polymerisation, induced by UV radiation and the structure of the composite was studied by means of FTIR, NMR(13 C, 27Al and 29Si) and X‐ray diffraction.FindingsThe poly(acrylamide)/montmorillonite nanocomposite was synthesised by UV irradiation, and its structures showed that the acrylamide was intercalated in the lamina of montmorillonite in bimolecular layers. FTIR and NMR analyses showed that there was no major chemical change of the polymer chain associated with the intercalation. The interaction between montmorillonite and polymer was mainly related with the van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding, not with the bonding involved with the carbon atoms.Research limitations/implicationsThere are few reports on the synthesis and characterisation of polymer/montmorillonite composite prepared with UV radiation.Practical implicationsThe alternative synthesis method using UV irradiation can provide a new way for the preparation of montmorillonite/acrylamide nanocomposite for the application in moisture and organic solvent vapour sensors, etc.Originality/valueThis provides a way for the synthesis of polymer/montmorillonite nanocomposite using polymerisation induced by UV radiation, which can be used in the thin membrane preparation for sensor and special application. Characterisation of the material revealed the structure of the nanocomposite, which would be helpful for the study of structure design and property improvement.
The moderating effect of supply chain role on the relationship between supply chain practices and performance
Authors: Cook Lori S. , Heiser Daniel R. , Sengupta Kaushik 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between specific supply chain practices and organizational performance and whether this relationship is moderated by the role that a company assumes in its respective supply chain.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses regression analysis and the relative weights method to analyze a set of survey data from respondents within the non‐academic, North American membership of the Institute of Supply Management.FindingsThe results show that the supply chain role for a company makes a difference in terms of the specific supply chain practices that lead to better performance. Further, there is a clear indication that the relative importance of a specific practice varies across the supply chain roles thereby indicating that a general link between practice and performance may be erroneous without considering the specific context of the company concerned.Research limitations/implicationsSupply chain practices are complex constructs. While this study shows the effect of broadly‐accepted supply chain practices on performance, not all possible practices are covered in the study. Additional practices not considered may have an effect on company performance and future research may improve upon the findings by extending the analysis to include an expanded segmentation of supply chain role.Practical implicationsThe results of the study serve as a practical guideline for managers that not all practices would be effective for all companies. Managers must look at the role‐specific context of their organization in the supply chain before deciding which practices are likely to be appropriate.Originality/valueThis paper expands the current body of research in the supply chain area by examining the supply chain roles of manufacturer, distributor, retailer and service provider. This is a much broader construct than the more common dyadic treatment of a supply chain consisting only of a customer and supplier, and adds a new contextual dimension to supply chain research. In addition, service provider as a supply chain role has been hardly researched before.
The impacts of product design changes on supply chain risk: a case study
Authors: Lin Yong , Zhou Li 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe main purpose of this paper is to address the impact of product design changes on supply chain risk, and to identify the supply chain risk dimensions in the Chinese special‐purpose vehicle (SPV) industry in the context of product design change.Design/methodology/approachCase study methodology is adopted to describe the current situation of supply chain risk management in the Chinese SPV industry. Data are mainly collected from in‐depth semi‐structured interviews, and a cause‐effect diagram is used to identify and summarize the internal and external risk dimensions of supply chain risk.FindingsThis paper identifies both the internal and external supply chain risk from the perspective of the focal manufacturer in the SPV supply chain. At the level of the external supply chain, customer‐required design change normally leads to risk in supply, delivery, and policy. Internally for the manufacturer, the risk dimensions are R&D, production, planning, information, and organization. All of these risk dimensions have their respective causes.Research limitations/implicationsThe risk identification of product design change in this paper is only meant to lay a foundation; further case studies should focus on the best practices and approaches of risk management and extend them to other industries.Practical implicationsThe current identification of the risk dimensions and their respective causes will help both practitioners and researchers to better understand supply chain risk in the context of product design change. The identified risk dimensions and cause‐effect diagram provide practitioners with a risk framework and useful tools to recognize and identify their potential supply chain risks.Originality/valueThis paper shows the “big picture” of supply chain risk from product design changes in the Chinese SPV industry.