bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SHELL SWAB AND SHELL CRUSH METHODS FOR THE RECOVERY OF SALMONELLA FROM SHELL EGGS
Authors: KAWASAKI T. , MUSGROVE M.T. , MURATA M. , TOMINAGA N. , KAWAMOTO S. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT Swabbing is the standard methodology for the recovery of resident microorganism from shell eggs in Japan. A comparative study of shell swab (SW) and shell crush (CR) techniques was performed to recover the laboratory‐inoculated Salmonella from shell eggs. It was found that the recovery of Salmonella by CR methods was significantly higher (4.5–7.5 log cfu/egg) than that of SW methods (3.1–6.3 log cfu/egg). However, analyses with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (invA as a target gene), fluorescent microscopic and quantitative analyses with a Live/Dead BacLight bacterial viability kit revealed that not all of the inoculated Salmonella spp. populations were recovered as intact cells by either method. The chemiluminescent bacterial viability assay showed that chemiluminescence intensity (CI) began to increase after 30 min in CR samples; on the other hand, SW samples did not show any increase in CI for 2 h. These results suggest that SW might cause more damage and lethality to cells than CR. In addition, to determine the most appropriate method for recovering resident aerobic bacteria, coliforms and Salmonella spp from shell eggs, 4,000 commercial eggs were collected and sampled by shell rinse (SR) and CR techniques using phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) warmed to different temperatures. PBS at 37C was found to be the best recovery solution and temperature, respectively, for recovering aerobic microorganisms from shell eggs by both methods and the CR methods recovered a higher population than did the SR methods (4.9 versus 5.8 log cfu/egg for SR and CR methods, respectively; n = 500 eggs/method). Therefore, the CR method along with recovery buffer (PBS) at 37C could be an effective technique for the recovery of microorganisms from post‐processed shell eggs. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThere is a need to develop a rapid and highly sensitive method for the recovery of microorganisms from shell eggs. Such recovery methods are also useful for evaluating the efficacy of newly developed shell egg disinfection techniques. Many methods involving rinsing, swabbing, and crushing of shell eggs have been reported; however, we performed a comparative study of the method used to recover the Salmonella from shell eggs. We found that the shell crush method (CR) was superior to the shell swab method (SW) for the recovery of Salmonella spp., and phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) at 37C was found to be the best recovery solution and temperature, respectively, for recovering microorganisms from shell eggs by both methods. Therefore, the CR method along with recovery buffer (PBS) at 37C could be an effective technique for the recovery of microorganisms from post‐processed shells. Use of this method could be recommended for the microbial evaluation of post‐processed shell eggs in industries.
DETECTION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI FROM FOOD SOURCES BY A NOVEL MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAY
Authors: MENG X. , ZHANG H. , LAW J. , TSANG R. , TSANG T. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTHelicobacter pylori infection is worldwide and it has been recognized as an important cause of gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers. However, the modes of transmission of H. pylori infection are unclear. This study was designed to detect H. pylori from raw or ready‐to‐eat foods to provide more evidence for oral‐oral and fecal‐oral transmission patterns. For this purpose, a total of 11 fresh raw chickens from a local grocery and 18 orders of ready‐to‐eat raw tuna meat from a restaurant were collected. H. pylori were detected with our new multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, which can amplify 10 DNA fragments from five gene loci at the same time. H. pylori were positive in 36% (4/11) of the raw chickens and 44% (8/18) of the ready‐to‐eat raw tuna meat tested using the new multiplex PCR assay. Our results demonstrate that food might be a vehicle for H. pylori transmission among humans.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection may be as high as 80% in developing countries and up to 40% in developed countries. However, the mode of transmission, the natural history and other aspects of the epidemiology of H. pylori infection are still unclear. There have been no reports of H. pylori being cultured and isolated from foods. In this study we designed a one‐step multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay to amplify 10 DNA fragments at the same time to detect H. pylori, which could overcome the difficulty in identifying H. pylori by using culture or other routine tests. Since this assay is so sensitive, specific and rapid, it has a great potential for identifying H. pylori, which is difficult to be cultured by using current methods, from different food samples.
UPDATED AND EXTENDED TABLE FOR TESTING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE R‐INDEX
Authors: BI JIAN , O'MAHONY MICHAEL 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT The table of critical values for significance tests for the R‐index was updated and extended in the present article. A more accurate estimator of variance of the R‐index, instead of the maximum variance of the R‐index, was used in the calculations of the critical values of the table. Sample sizes were extended from 100 to 1,000. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSPrior to this article, the significance of the R‐index values could only be determined for sample sizes of 100 and less. This article enables significance to be determined for sample sizes as large as 1,000, which will be especially useful for the larger samples required for consumer testing.
Review article: recommendations for the clinical management of patients taking non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs – a gastroenterologist's perspective
Authors: LANAS A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThere are several risk factors that predispose a patient taking non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs to an increased risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The most significant are a previous ulcer history and age, but other factors such as non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug dose, concomitant aspirin and Helicobacter pylori infection also play a role.When giving non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug treatment the physician must balance the known benefits in terms of a reduction in pain and inflammation, and in the case of aspirin the cardiovascular benefits, with the potential gastrointestinal risks, which can be fatal. Selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors have similar efficacy to non‐selective non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs but a better gastrointestinal safety profile, and were an attractive alternative to traditional non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs until recent data raised concerns about their cardiovascular safety.It has also been demonstrated that the gastrointestinal benefits of cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 agents are eliminated when they are taken concomitantly with aspirin. A Spanish epidemiological study investigated the relative risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding with cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors and a range of other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. The combination of a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug plus a proton‐pump inhibitor was found to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding; the combination of a cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 agent plus a proton‐pump inhibitor further reduced this risk, and was calculated to be a cost‐effective option compared with hospitalization for a gastrointestinal bleeding event.
Market Power in UK Food Retailing Pouvoir de marché du secteur alimentaire de détail au Royaume‐Uni Marktmacht im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel in Großbritannien
Authors: Lloyd Tim , Morgan Wyn 
Published: August 2010

summaryMarket Power in UK Food RetailingDeepening concentration in the food chain throughout Europe suggests antitrust authorities need to be ever vigilant to deter the use of market power. In this article, the authors highlight some of the problems that regulatory authorities face when collating evidence on the existence and use of market power in the food industry, not least the reticence of food suppliers to inform on supermarkets undertaking anti‐competitive practices. The article argues that the systematic effects that anti‐competitive practices have upon retail and producer prices offer economists the opportunity to detect the exercise of market power in publicly available aggregate data. Drawing on recent research, the article proposes a simple empirical test of the use of market power that is based on economic theory and complementary to extant sources of evidence. While the test does not measure the extent of market power, it does offer a tractable means of detecting its existence. The article summarises the findings from two recent academic papers in which the test has been applied. Results point to the existence of market power in all fresh food products that were assessed, corroborating both the conclusions of the first competition enquiry in 2000 and the recent decision to launch a further investigation into British supermarkets that is due to report in 2007.
The Phenomenology of Agency
Authors: Bayne Tim 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of recent discussions of the phenomenology of agency. By ‘the phenomenology of agency’ I mean those phenomenal states that are associated with first‐person agency. I call such states ‘agentive experiences’. After briefly defending the claim that there is a phenomenology distinctive of first‐person agency, I focus on two questions: (i) What is the structure of agentive experience? (ii) What is the representational content of agentive experience? I conclude with a brief examination of how agentive experiences might be generated and what role they might play in the subject's cognitive economy.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS OF LIGAMENTO‐MUSCULAR PROTECTIVE REFLEXES
Authors: STENER BERTIL 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTSTESER, B. Experimental evaluation of the hypothesis of ligamento‐muscular protective reflexes. I. A method for adequate stimulation of tension receptors in the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint of the cat, and studies of the innervation of the ligament.A method is described for effecting a large increase in the ligament's tension. The ligament is loaded in situ transversely to the line of the leg. The slight dissection required by the method involves no appreciable damage to afferent nerve fibres of the ligament. A study was made of the effect of loading the ligament on the impulse flow in the medial and posterior articular nerves. The course of the branches of these two nerves in relation to different parts of the ligament was investigated by probing with auditive registration of the impulse response and by anatomical dissection.
LRb signals act within a distributed network of leptin‐responsive neurones to mediate leptin action
Authors: Leinninger G. M. , Myers M. G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe adipose tissue‐derived hormone, leptin, acts via its receptor (LRb) in the brain to regulate energy balance and neuroendocrine function. In order to understand leptin action we have explored the physiological function of LRb signalling pathways, defining important roles for signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (STAT3) in positive signalling and for LRbTyr985‐mediated feedback inhibition in leptin signal attenuation. As the cells on which leptin acts are not homogeneous, but rather represent a broadly distributed network of neurones with divergent projections and functions, it is also crucial to consider how each of these populations responds to LRb signals to contribute to leptin action. While well‐known LRb‐expressing neurones within the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus mediate crucial effects on satiety and energy expenditure, other populations of LRb‐expressing neurones in the ventral tegmental area and elsewhere likely control the mesolimbic dopamine system. Additional populations of LRb‐expressing neurones likely contribute to other aspects of neuroendocrine regulation. It will be important to define the molecular mechanisms by which leptin acts to regulate neurophysiology in each of these LRb‐expressing neural populations in order to understand the totality of leptin action.
Rab proteins in endocytosis and Glut4 trafficking
Authors: Kaddai V. , Le Marchand‐Brustel Y. , Cormont M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe intracellular trafficking of numerous proteins requires a tight control to fulfil their physiological functions. It is the case of the adipocyte and muscle glucose transporter Glut4 that is retained intracellularly until insulin induces its recruitment to the plasma membrane. Rabs are evolutionarily conserved small GTPases that control intracellular traffic events from yeast to mammalian cells. In the past few decades, considerable progresses have been made in identifying the route of Glut4, the Rabs involved in controlling it, and more recently the connection between insulin signalling and Glut4 trafficking through Rab activity control.
Muscarinic excitation–secretion coupling in chromaffin cells
Authors: Olivos L. , Artalejo A. R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractExcitation–secretion coupling in adrenomedullary chromaffin cells physiologically commences when acetylcholine molecules released from splanchnic nerve terminals bind to cholinergic receptors located at the cell’s plasma membrane. While nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ensure a rapid and efficacious transmission of preganglionic impulses, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are considered to play a subsidiary role mostly by facilitating the nicotinic responses. Nevertheless, the variety of effects brought about by muscarinic stimulation in chromaffin cells (release of intracellular Ca2+, activation of Ca2+entry through non‐selective cation channels and voltage‐dependent Ca2+channels, impairment and/or enhancement of action potential firing, etc.) and the long‐lasting nature of many of them suggests that muscarinic receptors might contribute to the fine tuning of the catecholamine secretory response upon graded preganglionic stimulation and prolonged periods of time. Such a variety of effects probably reflects not only the diversity of muscarinic receptors expressed in chromaffin cells but also the existence of differences among the animal species employed in the reported investigations. Accordingly, we first review on an animal species‐based approach the most relevant features of the muscarinic response in chromaffin cells from a set of mammals, and finally present a unified picture of the mechanisms of muscarinic excitation–secretion coupling in chromaffin cells.
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE REPRODUCTION OF Chelonia mydas UNDER FARM CONDITIONS
Authors: Ulrich Glenn F. , Owens David Wm. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTWild‐caught turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the nesting beaches of Costa Rica, Surinam, Guyana, Ascension Island, and the turtle fishing grounds off the eastern coast of Nicaragua were successful in breeding under farm conditions. of 11,268 eggs laid, 4,770 normal turtles hatched.
ADVANCES IN HATCHERY PRODUCTION OF Penaeus semisulcatus IN KUWAIT WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE REFINEMENT OF FEEDING PRACTICES1
Authors: Al‐Hajj Adnan B. , James Charles M. , Al‐Ablani Salam , Farmer Anthony S. D. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTRearing of Penaeus semisulcatus has been conducted by the Shrimp Culture Project since 1970. Hatchery production has improved rapidly since 1980 due to modifications in tank design, live food production, and feeding practices. Since 1972, hatchery tank size has been reduced from 1,600 m3 to 400 m3 and finally to 15 m3 in 1980. Such modifications have increased survival rates from 25% to more than 60% and reduced the quantities of live food required. Studies of various live feeds showed 175 times 103 cells ml‐1 per day of marine yeast provided the best survival when feeding the protozoeal stages of P. semisulcatus. An average of 240 rotifers were consumed per larva per day between the first protozoeal and the first mysis stages. For feeding the later mysis stages to the first post‐larval stages, an average of 183.33 Artemia nauplii per larva was found to be optimal. Of the formulated diets which were obtained from Japan, Sweden, and that produced locally, the Swedish diet proved to be the best. A summary of the current hatchery production is also provided.
The effect of platelet autoantibodies on the course of the disease and clinical response of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: SIKORSKA A. , KONOPKA L. , MAŚLANKA K. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn this study, we evaluated the response to treatment of 409 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients who were tested for the presence of platelet‐associated autoantibodies by direct‐platelet immunofluorescence test (PIFT) and for the presence of plasma antibodies directed against the GPIIb/IIIa, GPIb and GPIa/IIa by monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA). In patients with platelet autoantibodies in comparison with patients without antibodies more frequently were observed the chronic form of disease (83.5%vs. 68.5%) and severe symptoms of haemorrhage diathesis (17.3%vs. 6.9%). Evaluation of the treatment response (to corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs and splenectomy) referred to patients with complete response, e.g. complete remission defined as platelet count of >100 × 109/l for at least 2 years. The percentage of complete response in the whole population of ITP patients, both with and without autoantibodies regardless of the method of treatment, was similar (about 54%). However, the presence of platelet autoantibodies had effect on patients treated with corticosteroids: complete response approximately 71% (36/51) of patients with autoantibodies and in 60% (72/120) of patients without antibodies, as well as in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs (cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, vincristin and vinblastin); complete response approximately 51% (11/21) of patients with autoantibodies and in 34.8% (6/17) of patients without autoantibodies. The presence of autoantibodies had no effect on the response of splenectomy patients.
THE MASS MEDIA AND SMOKING CESSATION: THE ABC‐TV NATIONWIDE ‘I QUIT’ PROGRAM
Authors: Chapman Simon , Reynolds Ingrid 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA television series on quitting smoking was incorporated into a weeknightly current affairs program. The series produced 30,324 written requests for quit kits. Problems in estimating the quit rate for the program are discussed and a range of 4109–5482 is given as the number likely to have quit following the program. The value of such mass‐media vehicles for the delivery of smoking cessation programs is discussed particularly in comparison with small group programs.
A REGIONALISED NURSING HOME PLACEMENT LIST SYSTEM
Authors: Gray Leonard , Lazarus Ross 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn administrative system which rationalizes the management of nursing home waiting lists has been developed and introduced to the Bundoora Extended Care Centre catchment area. The system improves the reliability and ease of management of each individual nursing home list, without interfering with the nursing home's right to select its own applicants. The high level of continued voluntary participation in the service is one measure of its benefits. In addition to administrative functions, the system provides a potentially valuable research tool in monitoring the unmet demand by appropriately assessed applicants for nursing home care. This should facilitate rational planning for this increasingly important area of the welfare budget.
CHANGES IN SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR BETWEEN 1986 AND 1988 IN MATCHED SAMPLES OF HOMOSEXUALLY ACTIVE MEN
Authors: Ross Michael W. , Freedman Brook , Brew Ralph 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMatched samples of homosexually active men were obtained using identical sampling methods in a city of one million people in 1986 and 1988. Data indicated that reported sexual behaviours had significantly changed in the direction of safer sex, particularly oral sex without ejaculation, anal sex with a condom (both insertive and receptive), which increased in frequency, and analingual and digitoanal receptive practices, wet kissing, and anal receptive intercourse generally, which decreased. Reported sources of education for both samples were primarily gay media and gay organisations. These data, with some caveats concerning design and comparability of samples, suggest that behavioural change in the appropriate direction has occurred in homosexually active men, and that gay organisations and media have been perceived as the most common source of information on safer sex in this population.
Jean Valade's Portraits of the Faventines Family
Authors: JEFFARES NEIL 
Published: August 2010

RésuméThe Faventines family, from Le Vigan in the Gard region of France, pursued a path very similar to that of other local financiers such as the Peyrenc de Moras family. Pierre Faventines left his native town for Paris, where he became treasurer of the estates of the house of Bourbon and later a fermier general. His second son, Jean‐Maurice Faventines de Fontenilles, followed him, becoming his assistant in 1764. The children in the family made important alliances, acquiring the houses, lands, titles and possessions of the old aristocracy; at the same time, they mixed with the money of other nouveaux riches such as Baudard de Sainte‐James, whose sister Fontenilles married. It was in the pursuit of this grand social and economic ambition that they commissioned Jean Valade to execute a large number of family portraits, works which display little of the psychological treatment favoured by Valade's rivals but which instead reflect his subjects' aspirations through their vibrant colouring. This whole world foundered with the Revolution: the family's chateaux were largely destroyed or abandoned; their furniture was scattered without trace; and only this extraordinary series of portraits by Valade survives to commemorate this magnificence which was the object of so much admiration in the eighteenth century.
The Histone Demethylase JMJD2B Is Regulated by Estrogen Receptor α and Hypoxia, and Is a Key Mediator of Estrogen Induced Growth
Authors: Yang Jun , Jubb Adrian M. , Pike Luke , Buffa Francesca M. , Turley Helen , Baban Dilair , Leek Russell , Gatter Kevin C. , Ragoussis Jiannis , Harris Adrian L. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) plays an important role in breast cancer. Upregulation of HIF-1α in ERα-positive cancers suggests that HIF-1α may cooperate with ERα to promote breast cancer progression and consequently affect breast cancer treatment. Here, we show the histone demethylase JMJD2B is regulated by both ERα and HIF-1α, drives breast cancer cell proliferation in normoxia and hypoxia, and epigenetically regulates the expression of cell cycle genes such as CCND1, CCNA1, and WEE1. We also show that JMJD2B and the hypoxia marker CA9 together stratify a subclass of breast cancer patients and predict a worse outcome of these breast cancers. Our findings provide a biological rationale to support the therapeutic targeting of histone demethylases in breast cancer patients. Cancer Res; 70(16); 6456–66. ©2010 AACR.