bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Metro rail extension on flood risks of Bangkok Metropolitan Authority outskirt due to climate and land use land cover changes
Authors: Phosri Phattrasuda , Pilailar Sitang , Chittaladakorn Suwatana 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration's expansion, driven by economic growth, includes extending Metro systems and altering land use. This transformation, especially noticeable near these routes, has led to shifts in land cover – reduced green spaces, increased impervious surfaces, and decreased water storage. These changes, coupled with denser population and higher waste-generation, have compromised drainage efficiency, amplifying flood vulnerability. This study focuses on Pink Line's 34.5-kilometre stretch from Khae Rai intersection along Tiwanon Road to Min Buri, aiming to evaluate Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) near the Metro line, identify critical influencing factors and propose mitigation strategies. The analysis divided the study area into five zones based on characteristics, evaluating FVI using population density (PO), drainage efficiency (DE), impervious ratio (IR), garbage management (GB), and pond area ratio (PA). FVI values ranged from 0.41 to 0.55. Sensitivity analysis showed minor FVI impacts at Lat Pla Khao and Ram Intra km.4 stations due to DE and IR, with reduced FVI at Khu Bon and Eastern Ring Road stations from PA and GB improvements. PA and IR enhancements consistently lowered FVI, while fluctuations were observed with GB and DE changes, with notable impacts at Min Buri Market Station. Understanding factor sensitivity aids in planning local mitigation-strategies.
A study on the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of water resource–ecology–social economy composite system resilience in the Huaihe River Basin
Authors: He Gang , Zhang Jingyi , Jiang Huaiyin 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Water resources are important supporting elements in the ecological environment and socio-economic system of sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the comprehensive resilience level of the water resources–ecology–socioeconomic system against external disturbances in the Anhui and Shandong sections of the Huaihe River Basin. The comprehensive index system is constructed with the characteristic dimensions of resistance, resilience, and adaptability. Use the game theory combination weighting-VIKOR method to quantify the resilience level, and use the kernel density analysis and Markov chain to explore the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and transition probability. The results show that (1) the resilience index of the composite system in the Huaihe River Basin shows an increasing trend, and the resilience level of the Anhui section is generally higher than that of the Shandong section. (2) The resilience level gradually evolved into the spatial distribution characteristics of high in the west and low in the east, high in the south and low in the north during the study period. (3) The resilience grade has strong robustness, and the probability of transferring to the higher grade is greater than that of transferring to the lower grade.
Technical and economic impact of water reuse as an integrated water resource management measure in rural water supply systems
Authors: Angelova Irina , Alitchkov Dimiter , Radovanov Viden 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Water reuse becomes an alternative to reduce the demand in the conventional water supply systems, especially in regions, where non-potable use of drinking water, as for garden and grass irrigation, is predominant. This study evaluates the footprint of reuse on small water supply systems in rural areas, where raw water quality does not meet the drinking water standards and complicated treatment is needed. Individual facilities for reuse of potential rainwater, light gray, gray and domestic wastewater in the households could lead to a decrease in non-potable tap water use up to 60% and a decrease of households' annual expenses for water supply up to 93 €/household. The installation of individual facilities for common reuse of rainwater and gray wastewater requires the highest investment costs, but the option`s operational costs are between 15% and 20% lower than all other options considered. The Drinking Water Treatment Plant capacity reduction due to Integrated Water Resource Management measures implementation enables from 48% up to 58% saving in the total operational costs for drinking water supply in the settlement. The shortest payback period and best economic impact of reuse for small scale water supply systems is observed if rainwater and gray wastewater are reused together.
Characterization and performance evaluation of in-house ultrafiltration membrane coupled with photocatalysis for 17α-methyltestosterone hormone removal
Authors: Karnjanamit Nicha , Bootluck Weerapong , Thammakhet-Buranachai Chongdee , Lau Woei Jye , Jutaporn Panitan , Khongnakorn Watsa 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

17α-methyltestosterone (MT) hormone is a synthetic androgenic steroid hormone utilized to induce Nile tilapia transitioning for enhanced production yield. This study specifically focuses on the removal of MT through the utilization of photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR), which employs an in-house polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane modified with 1% nanomaterials (either TiO2 or α-Fe2O3). The molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of the in-house membrane falls within the ultrafiltration range. Under UV95W radiation, the PMR with PVDF/TiO2 and PVDF/α-Fe2O3 membranes achieved 100% MT removal at 140 and 160 min, respectively. The MT removal by the commercial NF03 membrane was only at 50%. In contrast, without light irradiation, the MT removal by all the membranes remained unchanged after 180 min, exhibiting lower performance. The incorporation of TiO2 and α-Fe2O3 enhanced water flux and MT removal of the membrane. Notably, the catalytic activity was limited by the distribution and concentration of the catalyst at the membrane surface. The water contact angle did not correlate with the water flux for the composited membrane. The degradation of MT aligned well with Pseudo-first-order kinetic models. Thus, the in-house ultrafiltration PMR demonstrated superior removal efficiency and lower operational costs than the commercial nanofiltration membrane, attributable to its photocatalytic activities.
Computational Screening of Some Phytochemicals to Identify Best Modulators
for Ligand Binding Domain of Estrogen Receptor Alpha
Authors: Alagarsamy Veerachamy , Sundar Pottabathula Shyam , Solomon Viswas Raja , Murugesan Sankaranarayanan , Muzaffar-Ur-Rehman Mohammed , Kulkarni Vishaka Sumant , Sulthana Mohaideen Thasthagir , Narendhar Bandi , Sabarees Govindraj 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The peculiar aim of this study is to discover and identify the most effective and potential
inhibitors against the most influential target ERα receptor by in silico studies of 45 phytochemicals from six diverse
ayurvedic medicinal plants.

Methods:
The molecular docking investigation was carried out by the genetic algorithm program of AutoDock
Vina. The molecular dynamic (MD) simulation investigations were conducted using the Desmond tool of
Schrödinger molecular modelling. This study identified the top ten highest binding energy phytochemicals that
were taken for drug-likeness test and ADMET profile prediction with the help of the web-based server QikpropADME.

Results:
Molecular docking study revealed that ellagic acid (-9.3 kcal/mol), emodin (-9.1 kcal/mol), rhein
(-9.1 kcal/mol), andquercetin (-9.0 kcal/mol) phytochemicals showed similar binding affinity as standard tamoxifen
towards the target protein ERα. MD studies showed that all four compounds possess comparatively
stable ligand-protein complexes with ERα target compared to the tamoxifen-ERα complex. Among the four
compounds, phytochemical rhein formed a more stable complex than standard tamoxifen. ADMET studies for
the top ten highest binding energy phytochemicals showed a better safety profile.

Conclusion:
Additionally, these compounds are being reported for the first time in this study as possible inhibitors
of ERα for treating breast cancer, according to the notion of drug repurposing. Hence, these phytochemicals
can be further studied and used as a parent core molecule to develop innovative lead molecules for
breast cancer therapy.
Some Terminally Alkenyl-substituted Porphyrins: Synthesis and Attempts of Heck Reaction Leading to Porphyrin–Azulene Dyads
Authors: Ostrowski Stanisław , Grzyb Sebastian , Godlewski Bartosz 
Published: May 2024

:
The synthesis of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives, double functionalized in
one of the phenyl rings (with a nitro group and carbon substituents), is described. 5-(4-
Nitroaryl)-10,15,20-triarylporphyrinates react, in the presence of a base (t-BuOK), with carbanions
containing a leaving group at the carbanionic center to give products of substitution of
hydrogen at ortho-position to the nitro group via vicarious nucleophilic substitution scheme.
Their alkylation with allyl bromide or 4-bromobut-1-en (t-BuOK/DMF, at 0-5°C) leads to
porphyrins bearing side alkyl chain with a terminal double bond in yields of up to 82%. The
above-mentioned double-substituted intermediates are very convenient substrates for Heck
cross-coupling reaction. In this study, the synthesis of porphyrin–azulene dyads is reported. In
some cases, the formation of highly conjugated systems is observed, with moderate yield.
Their structures are interesting from both the porphyrin and azulene point of view.
Effect of Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers on Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease and Pneumonia: A Multicenter
Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bai Wenmei , Wang Yide , Li Fengsen 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Interstitial lung disease frequently coincides with pneumonia in clinical
settings, and both conditions are closely associated with immunoinflammation. The Systemic Immune
Inflammatory Index (SII) is a recently identified marker, and its connection to the prognosis
of individuals suffering from interstitial lung disease and concurrent pneumonia remains unclear.
The objective of this study was to scrutinize the correlation between varying SII levels and unfavorable
outcomes in patients grappling with interstitial lung disease complicated by pneumonia.

Methods:
This study encompassed a retrospective multicenter cohort of 324 patients diagnosed
with interstitial lung disease and pneumonia, all receiving glucocorticoid treatment during their
hospitalization. We initially conducted ROC analysis to determine the optimal SII threshold.
Subsequently, we examined disparities in clinical symptoms, physical signs, clinical test data,
and other clinical attributes among patients with differing SII levels. Later, we employed the
Kaplan-Meier survival curve method to assess the association between distinct SII levels and the
30-day and 90-day mortality rates in patients dealing with interstitial lung disease complicated
by pneumonia. Finally, a Cox regression model was employed to identify factors influencing adverse
prognosis in these patients.

Results and Discussion:
The findings demonstrated that the optimal SII threshold for predicting
30-day mortality was 1416.97, with an AUC of 0.633 (95% CI: 0.559-0.708) and a P value of
<0.001. For 90-day mortality, the optimal SII threshold was 994.59, yielding an AUC of 0.628
(95% CI: 0.56-0.697) and a P value of <0.001. Noteworthy statistical distinctions emerged in
dyspnea, cyanosis, and oxygenation index among patients with varying SII levels. Additionally,
invasive mechanical ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, and extended infection duration independently
constituted 30-day and 90-day mortality risk factors. Elevated heart rate and higher SII
levels emerged as independent risk factors for 90-day mortality.

Conclusion:
To some extent, SII levels exhibit correlations with the clinical manifestations in
patients grappling with interstitial lung disease complicated by pneumonia. Notably, a high SII
level is an independent predictor for an unfavorable prognosis in these patients. Nevertheless,
these findings warrant further validation through prospective cohort studies.
Lipid Nanoparticles as a Platform for miRNA and siRNA Delivery in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Dogheim Gaidaa , Chinnam Sampath , Amralla Mohamed T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of death
worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) comprises 75-80% of liver cancer cases. Therapeutic
strategies for HCC are available and have been shown to prolong survival but not treat HCC.
Gene expression and regulation are responsible for the pathogenesis and progression of HCC. Altering
these genetic networks can impact cellular behaviors and in turn cure HCC. Single-stranded
and double-stranded non-coding ribonucleic acid known as microRNA and small interfering
RNA, respectively have been investigated as possible therapeutic options. Currently, efficient delivery
systems that ensure cell-specific targeting and efficient transfection into tumor cells are still
under investigation. Viral vectors have been studied extensively, but immunogenicity hinders their
use as delivery systems. Non-viral vectors which include inorganic, lipid, or polymeric nanoparticles
are promising delivery systems. However, there are a lot of challenges during the formulation
of such systems to ensure efficient and specific delivery. In vitro and in vivo studies have investigated
different LNPs to deliver miRNA or siRNA. In this review, we highlight the role of LNPs as
a delivery system for miRNA and siRNA in HCC in addition to the latest results achieved using
this approach.
Effect of Strength and Durability of Sand Cement Brick Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregate and Cold Bottom Ash
Authors: Khalid Faisal Sheikh , Zaki Zahir , Ayob Syafiqa , Guntor Nickholas Anting Anak , Juki Mohd Irwan 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
The market price of brick has risen sharply due to the insufficient brick supply. Therefore, implementing RCA as one of the alternative materials for sand replacement is significant. The consumption of natural aggregate (NA) can be reduced by using the RCA. It is a good step to utilize recycled concrete to minimize the problem of excess waste materials. The results of using RCA and CBA as sand replacements contribute to better performance in compressive strength as compared to the normal brick. The density of the brick was also reduced by 4.95% as the RCA and CBA took place in the brick. Besides that, the water absorption was decreased when incorporating RCA and CBA in the cement brick due to less free water in the mix and fewer voids.

Aims
This study aims to ascertain the performance, strength, and durability characteristics of sand cement bricks incorporated with RCA and CBA as partial replacements for sand.

Methods
Percentages of 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, and 6.0% of CBA and 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% of RCA were chosen for partial sand replacement. The brick had dimensions of 215 mm in length, 65 mm in depth and 105 mm in width. Density, compressive force, and water absorption tests were undertaken after each of the three varied ratios of water to cement (1:5, 1:6, and 1:7).

Results
The finding indicates that with the optimum RCA and CBA replacement and the correct water to cement ratio, the performance of the new brick is better than the normal brick.

Conclusion
The optimum sand-to-cement ratio is 1:6, according to the overall results of selecting the optimal sand-to-cement ratio by density, compressive strength, and water absorption test. However, the result for the density value shows that the average brick density is inferior to the control brick. For all of the sample bricks, the compressive strength was best at a sand cement ratio of 1:6. However, as each of the samples complies with the British Standard criterion of less or equal to 15% absorption, it was determined that the sand cement brick's capacity for water absorption was sufficient.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Boiled Oil: A Traditional Method of Extracting Oil from Boiled Olive Fruits
Authors: Janakat Sana , Bani-Issa Salsabeel 
Published: May 2024

Background
In some villages in Northern Jordan, farmers boil part of their olive fruit harvest before oil extraction to increase the quantity of oil, get a desirable acquired taste, as they claim, and get additional health benefits. Locals call this oil Boiled oil (BO), and its price is about 20% higher than virgin olive oil (VOO) produced by the same farmer.

Objective
The hypothesis was that boiling olive fruits may affect the quality of the produced oil. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the chemical and physical characteristics of boiled oil in comparison with VOO and the effect of storage of both types of oils for one year.

Methods
Total phenolic compounds, ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), and radical scavenging activity (RSA) were evaluated. Moreover, the quality indices of BO and VOO were also evaluated.

Results
Total phenolic compounds decreased significantly (p <0.05) from 8.7 mg GAE/100g in VOO to 2.47 mg GAE/100g in BO. The antioxidant activity measured using FRAP assay also decreased significantly (p <0.05) from 962 to 379 micromole/kg.
Half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the RSA was significantly higher (p <0.05) in BO samples (414 mg/ml) in comparison with VOO samples (38.9 mg/ml). Moreover, there was a significant increase (p <0.05) in acid value in BO samples (0.943%) in comparison with VOO samples (0.518%). However, the increase in acid value after one year of storage was higher in VOO than in BO. The peroxide value also increased significantly in boiled oil (500 meq/kg) in comparison with VOO (19 meq/kg). Additionally, a significant increase in ultraviolet absorption was observed in BO at k232 and k270 (3.5), which is considered unsuitable for human consumption compared with VOO (2.43).

Conclusion
In conclusion, these results showed that boiling olive fruits before oil extraction deteriorates oil quality as expected, and consumers should be educated that this type of oil is hazardous to human health and is a waste of effort and money.
Musculoskeletal Discomfort and Musculoskeletal Injuries in Firefighters of the City of Cape Town Fire and Rescue Service
Authors: Ras Jaron , Pellei Isabella , Niehaus Georg , Leach Lloyd 
Published: May 2024

Objective
The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal injuries is reported to be noticeably high amongst firefighters, which augments the dangers of the job and the difficulties that firefighters must face daily. Therefore, this study aimed to firstly determine the prevalence and characteristics of work-related musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) and musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) and, secondly, to determine the relationship between MSD and MSIs in firefighters.

Methods
Using random systematic sampling, 309 firefighters from the City of Cape Town Fire and Rescue Service were recruited to participate. A researcher-generated questionnaire was used to retrieve data on musculoskeletal injuries and musculoskeletal discomfort. Data was analysed using the T-tests, Cochran-Armitage trend test, Jonckheere-Terpstra test, and Binary logistic regression. A p-value of less than 0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance.

Results
Male (p = 0.036) and older firefighters (p<0.001) with more years of experience (p = 0.002) were most likely to report a musculoskeletal injury. Falls, jumps, slips, and trips were the most common injuries (39.7%), which most often occurred on the fireground (41.1%). Most firefighters (73.3%) reported experiencing discomfort 1-2 times a week of moderate (60.1%) severity that interfered slightly with their ability to work (58.2%). Multivariable analysis showed that the age groups of 40-49 years and 50-65 years and the rank of station commander increased the risk for MSIs by a factor of 2.39, 2.67, and 3.83, respectively. In addition, MSD was associated with an increase in the likelihood of firefighters reporting MSIs (p <0.001).

Conclusion
Older male firefighters with more years in service were most likely to experience MSIs. Regular physical activity and work-related training should be implemented to increase the fitness for duty and to reduce the prevalence of injuries in firefighters.
Assessing Opportunities and Barriers to Improving the Secondary Use of Health Care Data at the National Level: Multicase Study in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Estonia
Authors: Metsallik Janek , Draheim Dirk , Sabic Zlatan , Novak Thomas , Ross Peeter 
Published: May 2024

Background
Digitization shall improve the secondary use of health care data. The Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ordered a project to compile the National Master Plan for Health Data Analytics, while the Government of Estonia ordered a project to compile the Person-Centered Integrated Hospital Master Plan.

Objective
This study aims to map these 2 distinct projects’ problems, approaches, and outcomes to find the matching elements for reuse in similar cases.

Methods
We assessed both health care systems’ abilities for secondary use of health data by exploratory case studies with purposive sampling and data collection via semistructured interviews and documentation review. The collected content was analyzed qualitatively and coded according to a predefined framework. The analytical framework consisted of data purpose, flow, and sharing. The Estonian project used the Health Information Sharing Maturity Model from the Mitre Corporation as an additional analytical framework. The data collection and analysis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia took place in 2019 and covered health care facilities, public health institutions, and health care policy. The project in Estonia collected its inputs in 2020 and covered health care facilities, patient engagement, public health institutions, health care financing, health care policy, and health technology innovations.

Results
In both cases, the assessments resulted in a set of recommendations focusing on the governance of health care data. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the health care system consists of multiple isolated sectors, and there is a need for an overarching body coordinating data sets, indicators, and reports at the national level. The National Master Plan of Health Data Analytics proposed a set of organizational agreements for proper stewardship. Despite Estonia’s national Digital Health Platform, the requirements remain uncoordinated between various data consumers. We recommended reconfiguring the stewardship of the national health data to include multipurpose data use into the scope of interoperability standardization.

Conclusions
Proper data governance is the key to improving the secondary use of health data at the national level. The data flows from data providers to data consumers shall be coordinated by overarching stewardship structures and supported by interoperable data custodians.