bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α is significantly associated with the progression and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Pin‐Yi , Yu Chuan‐Hang , Wang Jeng‐Tzung , Chen Huang‐Hsu , Cheng Shih‐Jung , Kuo Mark Yen‐Ping , Chiang Chun‐Pin 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Overexpression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) has been found to be significantly associated with the tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and prognosis of a variety of human cancers.Methods:  This study examined the expression of HIF‐1α in 57 specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), 41 specimens of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED, 12 mild, 17 moderate, and 12 severe OED cases), and 14 specimens of normal oral mucosa (NOM) by immunohistochemistry.Results:  We found that the mean nuclear HIF‐1α labeling indices (LIs) increased significantly from NOM (9 ± 6%) through mild OED (25 ± 18%), moderate OED (41 ± 27%), and severe OED (42 ± 22%) to OSCC samples (55 ± 23%, P < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between the higher mean nuclear HIF‐1α LI and OSCCs with larger tumor size (P < 0.001), regional lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), or more advanced clinical stages (P < 0.001). Only larger tumor size (P = 0.002) and nuclear HIF‐1α LI ≥ 60% (P = 0.048) were identified as independent unfavorable prognosis factor by multivariate analyses with Cox regression model. Kaplan–Meier curve showed that OSCC patients with a nuclear HIF‐1α LI ≥ 60% had a significantly poorer cumulative survival than those with a nuclear HIF‐1α LI < 60% (log‐rank test, P = 0.022).Conclusions:  We conclude that the expression of HIF‐1α is an early event in oral carcinogenesis. The nuclear HIF‐1α LI in OSCC samples can predict the progression of OSCCs and the survival of OSCC patients.
AgNOR cut‐point to distinguish mild and moderate epithelial dysplasia
Authors: Chattopadhyay Amit , Ray Jay G. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Distinguishing mild and moderate epithelial dysplasia is difficult and controversial. We demonstrated earlier that silver‐stainable nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) is a simple, inexpensive and quantifiable method which can standardize this distinction reliably.Objective:  To establish a cut‐point mean AgNOR count for epithelial dysplasia validated by bootstrapping.Methods:  One hundred oral leukoplakia biopsies at Dr R. Ahmed Dental College, Kolkata, India, examined for epithelial dysplasia using standard method (gold standard) were assessed for their mean AgNOR counts. A cut‐point was selected employing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. This estimate was stabilized by 10 000 resamples (with replacement) using parametric and non‐parametric bootstrap, a Monte Carlo statistical method, corrected for bias to estimate standard errors (SE) of cut‐point.Results:  Area under the curve (AUC) was 74%; non‐parametric method suggested mean AgNOR cut‐point = 2.42 AgNORs/nucleus; parametric method suggested cut‐point = 2.57. The cut‐point 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (bias corrected and accelerated) from parametric method (2.31; 2.66) was lower than non‐parametric (2.43; 2.82).Conclusion:  Applying a conservative paradigm, taking the lowest of all bootstrap 95% CIs, we suggest that mean AgNOR count of 2.3 be used as a cut‐point for distinguishing between mild and moderate dysplasia. This strategy will provide an inexpensive, meaningful, definitive, reproducible and consistent diagnostic test for epithelial dysplasia.
RNA from brush oral cytology to measure squamous cell carcinoma gene expression
Authors: Schwartz Joel L. , Panda Suchismita , Beam Craig , Bach Laura E. , Adami Guy R. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  RNA expression analysis of oral keratinocytes can be used to detect early stages of disease such as oral cancer or to monitor on‐going treatment responses of the same or other oral diseases. A limitation is the inability to obtain high quality RNA from oral tissue without using biopsies. While oral cytology cell samples can be obtained from patients in a minimally invasive manner they have not been validated for quantitative analysis of RNA expression.Methods:  As a starting point in the analysis of tumor markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we examined RNA in brush cytology samples from hamsters treated with dibenzo[a,l]pyrene to induce oral carcinoma. Three separate samples from each animal were assessed for expression of candidate marker genes and control genes measured with real‐time RT‐PCR.Results:  Brush oral cytology samples from normal mucosa were shown to consist almost exclusively of epithelial cells. Remarkably, ß‐2 microglobulin and cytochrome p450, 1B1 (CYP1B1) RNA showed potential utility as markers of OSCC in samples obtained in this rapid and non‐surgical manner.Conclusion:  Brush oral cytology may prove useful as a source of RNA for gene expression analysis during the progression of diseases of the oral epithelium such as OSCC.
Expression of melanoma‐associated antigens in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ries Jutta , Vairaktaris Eleftherios , Mollaoglu Nur , Wiltfang Joerg , Neukam Friedrich W. , Nkenke Emeka 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Melanoma‐associated antigens‐A (MAGE‐A) are expressed in a variety of tumors but not in normal tissues. Thus, their detection is highly specific to cancer cells, which makes them potential targets for the diagnosis, prognosis and also immunotherapy of neoplastic diseases.Methods:  To determine the expression pattern and potential role of MAGE‐A antigens in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), expression patterns of MAGE‐A1–A6 and A12 were analyzed in 55 OSCC and 20 healthy oral mucosa using high‐sensitive reverse transcription‐nested polymerase chain reaction (RT‐nPCR).Results:  The 85.45% of tumor specimens expressed at least one of these genes. A significant correlation between the expression of MAGE‐A1–A6 and A12 and malignancy was ascertained (P = 0.0001). On the contrary, none of the normal mucosal specimens expressed one of the MAGE‐A subtypes. Antigen expression did not correlate with clinicopathological parameters, such as TNM classification, grading and clinical stage of OSCC.Conclusions:  Multiple simultaneous detection of MAGE‐A1–A6 and A12 expression has been found to be more specific and sensitive than the detection of single MAGE‐A antigen for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of OSCC. In addition, monitoring the expression of several MAGE‐A subtypes may determine suitable immunotherapeutic targets. Subsequently, coexpressed genes may be warranted for developing polyvalent vaccines.
Patients with oral cancer developing from pre‐existing oral leukoplakia: do they do better than those with de novo oral cancer?
Authors: Weijers Manon , Ten Hove Ivo , Allard Remy H. B. , Bezemer Dick P.D. , Van Der Waal Isaäc 
Published: August 2010

Background:  It has been suggested that patients with squamous cell carcinomas derived from oral leukoplakia have a better prognosis than patients with carcinomas that are not associated with oral leukoplakia.Aim:  To study the mortality rate of 19 patients with a squamous cell carcinoma derived from pre‐existing oral leukoplakia.Method:  The mortality rate of 19 patients with a proven oral squamous cell carcinoma derived from a pre‐existing oral leukoplakia was compared with that of a similar size group of patients with oral carcinoma without a pre‐existing oral leukoplakia, being matched for gender, age, smoking habits, use of alcohol, oral subsite and histopathologic grade. Treatment in all patients was primarily by surgical excision. The mortality rates up to 5 years have been computed according to the Kaplan–Meier method.Result:  No significant difference of the mortality rates up to 5 years of follow‐up was observed between the two groups of patients.Conclusion:  Patients with oral cancer developing from pre‐existing oral leukoplakia do not do better than those with de novo oral cancer.
Combinational polymorphisms of four DNA repair genes XRCC1, XRCC2, XRCC3, and XRCC4 and their association with oral cancer in Taiwan
Authors: Yen Ching‐Yu , Liu Shyun‐Yeu , Chen Chung‐Ho , Tseng Hung‐Fu , Chuang Li‐Yeh , Yang Cheng‐Hong , Lin Ying‐Chu , Wen Cheng‐Hao , Chiang Wei‐Fan , Ho Chang‐Hsuan , Chen Hsiang‐Chi , Wang Shaio‐Ting , Lin Cheng‐Wen , Chang Hsueh‐Wei 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been found to be associated with oral cancer but the biological interactions through SNPs are seldom addressed. In this study, we focused on the joint effect for SNP combinations of four DNA repair genes, X‐ray repair cross‐complementing groups (XRCCs) 1–4, involved in major cancer‐related pathways.Methods:  Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping was determined using by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism in this study (case = 103, control = 98). Different numbers of combinational SNPs with genotypes called the pseudo‐haplotypes from these chromosome‐wide genes were used to evaluate their joint effect on oral cancer risk.Results:  Except for XRCC2 rs2040639‐AG, none of these SNPs was found to individually contribute to oral cancer risk. However, for two combined SNPs, the proportion of subjects with oral cancer was significantly higher in the pseudo‐haplotype with AG‐CC genotypes in rs2040639‐rs861539 (XRCC2–XRCC3) compared with those with non‐AG‐CC genotypes. Similarly, the pseudo‐haplotype of rs2040639–rs861539–rs2075685 (XRCC2–XRCC3–XRCC4) and rs2040639–rs861539–rs2075685–rs1799782 (XRCCs 1–4) with specific genotype pattern (AG‐CC‐TG and CT‐AG‐CC‐TG) among three and four combinational SNPs were significantly associated with oral cancer. After controlling for age, gender, smoking, drinking, and betel nut chewing, the estimated odds ratio of oral cancer were 2.45, 5.03, and 10.10 for two, three and four specific SNP combinations, respectively, comparing these specific pseudo‐haplotypes to their corresponding non‐pseudo‐haplotypes.Conclusion:  We have identified the potential combined XRCCs 1–4 SNPs with genotypes that were associated with oral cancer risk and may have an impact on identification of a high‐risk population.
Epithelial salivary gland tumors of children and adolescents in west China population: a clinicopathologic study of 79 cases
Authors: Laikui Liu , Hongwei Li , Hongbing Jiang , Zhixiu He 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  Determine the clinical and histopathologic features of epithelial salivary gland tumors of children and adolescents.Methods:  A total of 79 cases of epithelial salivary gland tumors of children and adolescents were retrieved from the files. Information about demographic, clinical, histopathologic characteristics, and follow‐up status were analyzed.Results:  Sixty tumors (75.9%) were benign and 19 (24.1%) malignant. The most common tumor overall was pleomorphic adenoma (PA). The parotid was the most frequently involved site (43.0%). PA was the most common type of benign tumor. The most common malignant tumor was mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Five patients with parotid PA and two cases with palate myoepithelioma showed local recurrences. One patient with mucoepidermoid carcinoma showed local recurrences and died from the tumor 3 years after the initial treatment. One patient with adenocarcinoma presented local and neck recurrences, and died 4 years after initial treatment.Conclusions:  Our data showed that the salivary gland tumors in children and adolescents may be the higher incidence of benign tumors, especially of PA; the slightly higher tendency for female predominance; the higher incidence of parotid glands. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor, with majority of low grade. Initial treatment should be planned to excise the tumor completely with satisfactory margins. The neck dissections or postoperative radiotherapy were performed in patients with low differentiation malignancies, or patients who present nodal metastasis or with clinically suspicious regional metastasis.
NGF and its receptors TrkA and p75NTR in the epithelium of oral lichen
Authors: Hayashi Katsuhiko , Karatsaidis Andreas , Schreurs Olav , Bjørnland Tore , Sugisaki Masashi , Schenck Karl 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Nerve growth factor (NGF) can through its receptors TrkA and p75NTR convey signals for cell survival, differentiation and death. The aim of this study was to examine whether NGF can play a role in the pathology of oral lichen (OL).Methods:  Sections from biopsies taken from patients with erythematous (ERY) OL and from volunteers with normal oral mucosa (NOM) were immunostained with antibodies against NGF, proNGF, TrkA, phosphorylated Trk, p75NTR and phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) and expression of RNA coding for proNGF/NGF was investigated by in situ hybridization.Results:  Both in ERY OL and NOM, cytoplasmic staining for NGF was seen in granular and upper spinous cell layers of the epithelium, whereas proNGF staining was seen in all epithelial cell layers. In situ hybridization showed that the proNGF protein was produced in the same cell layers. In OL, strong cytoplasmic stainings for TrkA and activated Trk (pTrk) were observed in all epithelial cell layers while these stainings were only weak in NOM. Basal keratinocytes in OL showed no or only weak cytoplasmic staining for p75NTR, but in NOM there was a clear cell membrane staining. In OL, strong cytoplasmic and intermittent nuclear staining for pAkt was observed in spinous, granular and superficial layers, while basal and parabasal keratinocytes were negative. This staining was weak or absent in the entire epithelium of NOM.Conclusions:  TrkA upregulation and activation in OL is one of the pathways that can activate pAkt and thereby rescue epithelial cells from untimely cell death.
Quantitative histological changes of repeated antigen‐induced arthritis in the temporomandibular joints of rabbits treated with intra‐articular corticosteroid
Authors: Kristensen Kasper Dahl , Stoustrup Peter , Küseler Annelise , Pedersen Thomas Klit , Nyengaard Jens Randel , Hauge Ellen‐Margrethe , Herlin Troels 
Published: August 2010

Background:  To compare the inflammatory changes of antigen‐induced temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis in rabbits by different histological methods and to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of intra‐articular corticosteroid injections histologically.Methods:  35 rabbits (10 weeks old) pre‐sensibilized with ovalbumin were divided into three groups: a placebo group of five (saline), an arthritis group of 15 (ovalbumin) and a steroid‐treated group of 15 (ovalbumin + corticosteroid). Additionally, a group of seven rabbits receiving no sensibilization with ovalbumin and no intra‐articular injections served as controls. Histomorphometry of the inflammatory changes in the subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) of the TMJ included: (i) semi‐quantitative (S‐Q) scoring of inflammation and synovial proliferation, (ii) thickness measurements and fractional surface and (iii) stereological quantitative assessment of volume and plasma cells in thick sections of the SSCT by an optical fractionator.Results:  The histomorphometry showed synovial proliferation in both the arthritis and the steroid groups. The plasma cell count obtained by the optical fractionator was significantly reduced when treating the TMJ with corticosteroids. However, the thickness of the synovial lining and volume of the SSCT as well as S‐Q scoring of inflammation showed no difference between the arthritis and the steroid‐treated groups. The optical fractionator proved a superior tool compared to S‐Q assessments.Conclusion:  Counting of plasma cells in the SSCT showed that corticosteroids reduced the inflammation, but did not eliminate it. Semiquantitative scoring of synovial proliferation and inflammation demonstrated low sensitivity regarding changes in immunomodulation in antigen‐induced arthritis compared to stereological quantitative estimations using an optical fractionator.
Human laminin‐332 degradation by Candida proteinases
Authors: Pärnänen P. , Kari K. , Virtanen I. , Sorsa T. , Meurman J. H. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Human laminin‐332 (Lm‐332) degradation by 12 Candida strains and effects of synthetic proteinase inhibitors [Ilomastat (ILM), EDTA, chemically modified tetracycline‐3(CMT‐3), CMT‐308, synthetic peptide CTT‐2, and Pefabloc] were studied.Materials and methods:  Laminin‐332 was incubated with sonicated cell fractions and 10 times concentrated cell‐free fractions of reference and clinical strains of C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. guilliermondii, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis. Proteolysis, pH effects, and inhibitors were analyzed by fluorography and zymography.Results:  Cell fractions of all species except C. guilliermondii and cell‐free fractions of C. albicans, and C. dubliniensis showed 20–70 kDa gelatinases at pH 5.0 and 6.0. At pH 7.6, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis cell fractions and C. tropicalis cell‐free fractions showed 55–70 kDa gelatinases. CMT‐3, CMT‐308, and CTT‐2 inhibited Candida gelatinases slightly better than Pefabloc, ILM, and EDTA. No Candida fractions degraded Lm‐332 at pH 7.6, but at pH 5.0, 100 kDa bands were generated by cell fractions of C. dubliniensis and C. tropicalis; C. albicans and C. glabrata clinical strains; and C. guilliermondii reference strain. C. krusei reference strain yielded three 100–130 kDa bands. C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and C. tropicalis reference and clinical strain’s cell‐free fractions generated 100 kDa band.Conclusions:  Laminin‐332 degradation is pH‐dependent and differences exist between studied Candida strains. Lm‐332 degradation can exert functional disturbances on basement membrane integrity, possibly aiding Candida cell invasion into tissues. Certain synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (CMTs, CTT) can inhibit Candida proteinases and may be therapeutically useful in future.
Microsatellite GTn‐repeat polymorphism in the promoter of heme oxygenase‐1 gene is an independent predictor of tumor recurrence in male oral squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Vashist Y. K. , Blessmann M. , Trump F. , Kalinin V. , Kutup A. , Schneider C. , Gawad K. , Kaifi J. T. , Schmelzle R. , Izbicki J. R. , Yekebas E. F. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Transcriptional activity of the heme oxygenase‐1 gene (HMOX‐1) is modulated by a GTn‐repeat promoter polymorphism. The long GTn‐repeat allele has been previously reported to be associated with increased risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in male areca chewer and short GTn‐repeat allele has been proposed to have protective properties in OSCC patients. The aim of the present study was to correlate the GTn‐repeat genotypes with clinicopathological characteristics along with clinical outcome of non‐areca chewer OSCC patients.Methods:  DNA of 99 patients that underwent complete surgical resection of OSCC was analyzed for GTn‐repeat polymorphism in the HMOX‐1 promoter by polymerase chain reaction, capillary electrophoresis and DNA sequencing.Results:  Seven SS (7.1%), 51 SL (51.5%) and 41 LL (41.4%) genotypes were found. In a total of 14 (14.1%) patients, tumor recurrence (TR) was observed. There was no TR in the SS allele carriers. In SL carriers three and in LL 11 TR occurred (P = 0.009, chi‐squared test). Mean relapse‐free survival was 109.2 months in SL allele carriers compared with 72.3 months in LL allele carriers (P = 0.01, log‐rank test). Multivariate Cox regression modeling identified GTn‐repeat genotype as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.03; relative risk (RR) 4.1; 95% CI 1.1–14.6).Conclusion:  Presence of S allele was associated with a lower TR rate and better relapse‐free survival in OSCC patients. HMOX‐1 promoter polymorphism might be considered as a potential prognostic marker in OSCC patients.
Areca chewing in Xiangtan, Hunan province, China: interviews with chewers
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Li Chengjie , Liao Qizhi , Reichart Peter A. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  To report on Areca chewing (AC) in Xiangtan, Hunan province, China, and to test the knowledge of chewers related to side effects of the habit.Methods:  Interviews with 276 individuals were performed. A questionnaire including general data, chewing habits, educational level and knowledge about side effects were used. Data were analysed using spss. Chi‐square test was used at a significance level of P < 0.05.Results:  Around 257 individuals were chewers (male: 54.1%; female: 45.9%) and 19 were former chewers (male: 31.6%; female: 68.4%). Mean age of chewers was 36.1 years. Around 42.4% of chewers smoked; 58.0% had a drinking habit. Average period of chewing was 11.2 years. Around 88.3% of chewers did not include the nut (seed). Around 79.0% considered AC habits negative for general health and 85.2% for oral health.Conclusions:  Most respondents did not know that AC may induce oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer. The ‘betel quid’ chewed in Xiangtan usually does not contain Areca ‘nut’ (seed, endosperm), but consists of the husk. As no studies on the chemical composition of the Areca husk have been published such investigations are urgently needed.
Oral manifestations in patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease: a single‐center case–control study
Authors: Di Fede Olga , Di Liberto Chiara , Occhipinti Giuseppe , Vigneri Sergio , Lo Russo Lucio , Fedele Stefano , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Campisi Giuseppina 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  To assess the occurrence of oral pathological changes and symptoms in patients affected by gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Patients and methods:  200 patients with GERD and 100 matched healthy controls were studied. Thorough visual examination of the dental and oral mucosal tissues was performed and medical history relevant to oral symptoms was collected. The primary outcome was defined as a statistically significant difference, between the study group and controls, in the presence of the following indicators: soft/hard palate and uvula erythema, tooth wear, xerostomia, oral acid/burning sensation, subjective halitosis and dental sensitivity. Statistical analysis included chi‐squared test, and crude odds ratio with 95% CI.Results:  Univariate analysis showed that xerostomia, oral acid/burning sensation, subjective halitosis, and soft and hard palate mucosa and uvula erythema were more common in patients with GERD than matched controls (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  This study failed to find any significant association between GERD and dental erosions, whereas some symptoms and other objective oral mucosal changes were found to be significantly associated with GERD.