bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of prebiotics in the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia
Authors: Bisceglia M , Indrio F , Riezzo G , Poerio V , Corapi U , Raimondi F 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackground:  Breast milk oligosaccharides such as galacto‐oligosaccharides (scGOS) and fructo‐oligosaccharides (lcFOS) can influence the intestinal microbial flora. The latter, in turn, can modulate several intestinal and extraintestinal functions, including bilirubin metabolism. Supplementing infant formula with a prebiotic mixture might then be a novel and safe intervention to manage mild neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia.Aim:  To investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with prebiotics on moderate hyperbilirubinaemia in healthy, term infants.Methods:  A prospective, double‐blind, clinical trial was performed on seventy‐six consecutive newborns who were randomly assigned to receive a formula containing 0.8 g/dL of a mixture from scGOS and lcFOS (ratio 9:1), or maltodextrines as placebo for 28 days. Bilirubin levels were determined by the transcutaneous bilirubin measurement within 2 h after birth (T1), at 24, 48 and 72 h and at 5, 7, 10 and 28 days of life. The number of stool per day was also recorded.Results:  Neonates receiving prebiotics showed a larger number of stools over all the duration of dietary intervention compared to that of those on placebo (Repeated Measures ANOVA p < 0.001; day 28 3.4 ± 0.0.9 vs 1.7 ± 0.9, respectively; Dunn test p < 0.05). Neonates whose formula was supplemented with prebiotics showed a lower transcutaneous bilirubin that was statistically significant from 72 h of life (5.46 ± 1.6 vs 7.07 ± 2.49, post hoc Dunn test, p < 0.05) throughout the duration of the dietary intervention (day 28 2.41 ± 0.4 vs 2.85 ± 0.5, post hoc Dunn test, p < 0.05).Conclusion:  The addition of prebiotics to standard infant diet might represent a novel strategy to help control neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia.
Modified TWINSPAN classification in which the hierarchy respects cluster heterogeneity
Authors: Roleček Jan , Tichý Lubomír , Zelený David , Chytrý Milan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim: To propose a modification of the TWINSPAN algorithm that enables production of divisive classifications that better respect the structure of the data.Methods: The proposed modification combines the classical TWINSPAN algorithm with analysis of heterogeneity of the clusters prior to each division. Four different heterogeneity measures are involved: Whittaker's beta, total inertia, average Sørensen dissimilarity and average Jaccard dissimilarity. Their performance was evaluated using empirical vegetation datasets with different numbers of plots and different levels of heterogeneity.Results: While the classical TWINSPAN algorithm divides each cluster coming from the previous division step, the modified algorithm divides only the most heterogeneous cluster in each step. The four tested heterogeneity measures may produce identical or very similar results. However, average Jaccard and Sørensen dissimilarities may reach extreme values in clusters of small size and may produce classifications with a highly unbalanced cluster size.Conclusions: The proposed modification does not alter the logic of the TWINSPAN classification, but it may change the hierarchy of divisions in the final classification. Thus, unsubstantiated divisions of homogeneous clusters are prevented, and classifications with any number of terminal clusters can be created, which increases the flexibility of TWINSPAN.
Variations in mountain vegetation use by reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) affects dry heath but not grass heath
Authors: Moen Jon , Boogerd Coen , Skarin Anna 
Published: June 2009

AbstractQuestion: Are differences in landscape use of semi‐domesticated reindeer reflected in the vegetation of summer grazing grounds?Location: Alpine heaths, central east Sweden.Methods: Dry heath and grass heath vegetation plots with inferred grazing intensities (high, intermediate and low) were selected a priori from an interpolated pellet count map compiled in 2002. In each plot, faecal pellets were counted, environmental variables measured and vegetation sampled by listing presence and absence. Species composition was compared with a detrended correspondence analysis, and a canonical correspondence analysis was used to infer relations between species composition and environmental variables. Plots were also clustered to provide groupings for an indicator species analysis.Results: Significant differences in faecal pellet count were present between the highest and lowest grazing intensities for both vegetation types, showing that the pattern in the interpolated pellet maps was robust. Differences in species composition between grazing intensities were found for the dry heath only. Here, there was an apparent grazing gradient, with lichens and mosses in the low‐use plots and grasses and herbs in the high‐use plots. No such gradient was found for the grass heath.Conclusions: Within the dry heath vegetation type, grazing levels had a subtle effect on the vegetation, while no effects were seen in the grass heath, probably as a result of the dominance of more grazing‐tolerant graminoids. Even in the dry heath, species richness did not differ between grazing levels, but the relative abundances of species differed.
Vegetation and seed bank dynamics in a tidal freshwater marsh
Authors: Hopfensperger K.N. , Engelhardt K.A.M. , Lookingbill T.R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractQuestions: What are the feedbacks among the seed bank, parent vegetation, and landscape structure that control plant species turnover in space and time in a tidal freshwater marsh? How can these feedbacks be used to better understand marsh community dynamics and to establish restoration practices that seek to restore vegetation diversity of this important and widely distributed ecosystem?Location: Potomac River, Virginia, United States (15 km south of Washington, DC).Methods: We sampled the seed bank and standing vegetation in a tidal freshwater marsh and explored similarities between seed bank and vegetation composition through space and time. We then investigated marsh surface elevation, distance to nearest tidal channels, and life history of component species as potential explanations for the observed vegetation patterns.Results: The composition of individual plots changed considerably from year to year; however, the composition at broader spatial (whole marsh) and temporal (4 years) scales was relatively stable. Species composition of the seed bank was dissimilar to both the previous and current year's standing vegetation, and similarity to standing vegetation was particularly low in plots dominated by annual species. Landscape structure and life history characteristics of individual species best explained the spatiotemporal variability in marsh vegetation.Conclusions: Restoration designs should be landscape‐dependent and explicitly incorporate spatially structured elements such as elevation gradients to maximize community diversity in reconstructed tidal freshwater marshes. Optimal designs include areas of high seed input, areas of high species turnover, as well as other areas of greater stability.
The ‘good’ parent in relation to early childhood literacy: symbolic terrain and lived practice
Authors: Nichols Sue , Nixon Helen , Rowsell Jennifer 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this paper we consider the place of early childhood literacy in the discursive construction of the identity(ies) of ‘proper’ parents. Our analysis crosses between representations of parenting in texts produced by commercial and government/public institutional interests and the self‐representations of individual parents in interviews with the researchers. The argument is made that there are commonalities and disjunctures in represented and lived parenting identities as they relate to early literacy. In commercial texts that advertise educational and other products, parents are largely absent from representations and the parent's position is one of consumer on behalf of the child. In government‐sanctioned texts, parents are very much present and are positioned as both learners about and important facilitators of early learning when they ‘interact’ with their children around language and books. The problem for which both, in their different ways, offer a solution is the “not‐yet‐ready” child precipitated into the evaluative environment of school without the initial competence seen as necessary to avoid falling behind right from the start. Both kinds of producers promise a smooth induction of children into mainstream literacy and learning practices if the ‘good parent’ plays her/his part. Finally, we use two parent cases to illustrate how parents' lived practice involves multiple discursive practices and identities as they manage young children's literacy and learning in family contexts in which they also need to negotiate relations with their partners and with paid and domestic work.
Efficacy of a self‐management education program for people with type 2 diabetes: Results of a 12 month trial
Authors: MORIYAMA Michiko , NAKANO Masumi , KUROE Yuriko , NIN Kazuko , NIITANI Mayumi , NAKAYA Takashi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim:  Patient education that enhances one's self‐management ability is of utmost importance for improving patient outcomes in chronic diseases. We developed a 12 month self‐management education program for type 2 diabetes, based on a previous 6 month program, and examined its efficacy.Methods:  A randomized controlled trial was carried out on outpatients with type 2 diabetes from two hospitals who met the criteria and gave consent to participate. They were randomly divided into an intervention group that followed the program and a control group that followed usual clinical practise. The intervention group received <30 min of monthly interviews based on the program's textbook and biweekly telephone calls from a nurse educator throughout the 12 months.Results:  Of the 50 participants in the intervention group and the 25 participants in the control group, 42 and 23, respectively, completed the program (a completion rate of 84.0%). The body weight, HbA1c, self‐efficacy, dietary and exercise stages, quality of life, diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol level were significant by two‐way repeated‐measures anova. As for changes over time within the groups, only the intervention group showed significant differences by Friedman's test. The complication prevention behaviors showed a high implementation rate in the intervention group. The overall evaluation of this program by the participants was very high and, therefore, they highly recognized the need for this type of program.Conclusions:  Self‐management education works successfully in relation to patients' behavior modification skills, degree of goal attainment, and self‐efficacy, consequently improving their health outcomes.
Factors associated with late post‐partum depression in Japan
Authors: SATOH Atsuko , KITAMIYA Chiaki , KUDOH Hisashi , WATANABE Mayuko , MENZAWA Kazuko , SASAKI Hidetada 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAim:  Postnatal depression is one of the life‐threatening events faced by women. As the factors associated with postnatal depression have not been investigated fully in Japan, we studied the factors associated with postnatal depression.Methods:  One‐hundred‐and‐sixty‐nine women who visited the health center of a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, at 4 months after childbirth for regular examination fulfilled the selection criteria and completed self‐reporting questionnaires on postnatal depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and a life and social events scale.Results:  The primiparas showed a significantly higher EPDS score than the multiparas. The EPDS score decreased with the frequency of delivery in the groups of mothers in their twenties and thirties. For the multiparas, the number of participants who suffered obstetric events was lower, the number of participants who went back to their home was higher, and the number of participants who were taken care of by their mother was lower than for the primiparas. General health abnormalities, sociability, and worries about baby care were significantly associated with the EPDS for both the primiparas and multiparas. The cooperation of the husband was associated with a decreased EPDS score, both for the primiparas and multiparas, irrespective of the family structure.Conclusion:  The EPDS score decreased with an increased frequency of delivery, suggesting that the experience of delivery would impact on postnatal depression, partly because of decreased obstetric events. However, a social assistance system is needed for women with general health abnormalities, less sociability, worries about baby care, and limited cooperation of the husband for both primiparas and multiparas.
Continuing Medical Education: 2009 Update on Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Therapy Part 1: Recent Studies on Routine Dosing for Penile Rehabilitation, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, and Other Indications (CME)
Authors: Shindel Alan W. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Highly selective inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5I) have been commercially available for over a decade. Our knowledge of these drugs continues to expand.

Aims
To review developments within the past 18 months on the utilization of PDE5I in preclinical studies and clinical practice. The focus of this article is on updates on regular dosing regimens of PDE5I other than the newly approved daily dose tadalafil.

Methods
PubMed search utilizing the terms “phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor,” PDE5 inhibitor,”“sildenafil,”“vardenafil,” and “tadalafil.” Articles were screened based on whether or not they addressed issues of routine dosing of PDE5I. Manuscripts on the newly approved daily dose tadalafil for erectile dysfunction (ED) were deferred for analysis in a separate manuscript in this series.

Main Outcome Measures
Peer reviewed publications on routine dosing of PDE5I published in the medical literature since 2007.

Results
There have been numerous publications in the past 2 years regarding routine dosing of PDE5I for three major urological indications; penile rehabilitation, stuttering priapism, and management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Evidence from basic science investigations has indicated that daily dose PDE5I may improve erectile function and exert a number of beneficial tissue effects on the penis. Unfortunately, data from human series of routine dose PDE5I for penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy are conflicting, with the two largest studies showing no benefit to daily dose therapy in the post-radical prostatectomy and the general ED populations. PDE5I are generally helpful at reducing symptoms of LUTS, particularly when given in conjunction with alpha blockers. Routine dosing of PDE5I has also been utilized successfully for management of stuttering ischemic priapism and several other medical indications.

Conclusions
PDE5I given as routine doses have clinical promise. Further research is required to clarify their safety and efficacy for various indications.
EFFECT OF SODIUM ALGINATE COATING WITH PRESERVATIVES ON THE QUALITY OF MEAT PATTIES DURING REFRIGERATED (4 ± 1C) STORAGE
Authors: CHIDANANDAIAH  , KESHRI R.C. , SANYAL M.K. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT Edible coatings are the substances that are used to preserve and enhance food quality. An attempt was made to improve the quality of buffalo meat patties (BMPs) by method of alginate coating involving dipping BMPs during the end of the broiling process in alginate solution with preservatives for 30 s, followed by dipping in calcium chloride solution for 30 s, followed by draining for 30 s. The coated BMPs were kept at refrigeration (4 ± 1C) temperature in a polyethylene bag. They were analyzed for quality changes at regular intervals. Alginate coating significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased the overall shear force values, thiobarbituric acid and tyrosine value, total plate count, psychrophilic count, and yeast and mold count. The enterobacteriaceae count could not be detected. The coating at 2% level significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved the overall appearance and color, juiciness, flavor, texture and overall palatability of the product. During storage, the overall values for shear force, TBA, pH, tyrosine and count for total plate, psychrophilic, yeast and mold, and staphylococcal, increased linearly. The overall sensory scores of the products decreased linearly with storage time.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSEdible coating of meat products provides better protection against oxidative and microbiological deterioration. It can also significantly enhance the sensory qualities of meat products. The freshness of meat products is comparatively prolonged.
REALIMENTATION OF CULL BEEF COWS. II. MEAT QUALITY OF MUSCLES FROM THE CHUCK, LOIN AND ROUND IN RESPONSE TO DIET AND ENHANCEMENT
Authors: HOLMER S.F. , HOMM J.W. , BERGER L.L. , STETZER A.J. , BREWER M.S. , MCKEITH F.K. , KILLEFER J. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT From an experiment in which 60 beef cull cows were assigned to one of three feeding treatments, forage fed, high concentrate or high concentrate plus ractopamine, 10 muscles were removed from both sides of the carcass. Muscles from one side of the carcass were enhanced with a solution to target 0.3% salt and 0.3% phosphate in the final product. Minimal to no differences were observed in color, pH, sensory characteristics or shear force as a result of dietary treatment. Enhancement resulted in muscles with higher (P ≤ 0.05) pH and darker color. Sensory scores for juiciness and tenderness were improved (P ≤ 0.05) with enhancement. The Adductor was the only muscle not exhibiting lower shear values due to enhancement (P > 0.05). To add further value to meat from cull cows, enhancement could be utilized, independent of feeding regimen prior to slaughter.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe use of enhancement in the beef industry has become common practice, particularly in beef from lower grading cattle. However, research examining the improvement in palatability with enhancement has focused mainly on younger cattle. Our research demonstrates that enhancement is able to improve the sensory characteristics of meat from cull cows.Thus, in meat from older animals, which is usually characterized as being less palatable, enhancement could be used to improve the organoleptic traits. This practice may assist the beef industry in capturing further value from cull cows.
COMPARISON OF METHODS TO VERIFY END POINT COOKING TEMPERATURE OF CHANNEL CATFISH (ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS) FILLETS
Authors: TOKARSKYY OLEKSANDR , MARSHALL DOUGLAS L. , SCHILLING M. WES , WILLEFORD KENNETH O. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT Cooking to 63C for 15 s remains an important step to ensure safe fish for human consumption. Methods for heat process verification have not been validated for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The present research compared extractable protein quantification, lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and catalase activity assays for verification of internal cooking temperature of channel catfish fillets. Ground raw catfish fillet samples (fresh and frozen) were cooked to 55, 60, 62, 63, 64 and 66C. Extractable protein, acid phosphatase and catalase activities decreased as internal cooking temperature increased, but lactate dehydrogenase activity remained unchanged. Samples cooked to 63C had extractable protein concentrations between 9.11 and 10.02 mg/g (95% confidence). Catalase was rapidly inactivated between 55 and 60C and may be suitable for identification of severely undercooked product. Acid phosphatase activity was influenced by method of storage (fresh versus frozen). A method based on total extractable protein appeared to be the most promising for determining the end point cooking temperature of catfish.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe most precise and reliable method to verify maximum cooking temperature attained during heat treatment of catfish fillets was total extractable protein. This finding may be useful for critical control point verification and may be valuable where claims of foodborne illness associated with catfish consumption are being litigated or investigated. To confirm gross undercooking, an easier test would be to measure catalase activity.
Advanced practice nursing: A principle‐based concept analysis
Authors: Ruel Jennifer , Motyka Carrie 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurpose: To analyze and clarify the conceptual basis of advanced practice nursing to determine the state of the knowledge from the perspective of four overarching principles derived from the philosophy of science: epistemological, pragmatic, linguistic, and logical.Data sources: Written discourse regarding advanced practice nursing from refereed journals published between 2000 and 2007.Conclusions: Conceptualization of a core definition of advanced practice nursing will enhance external legitimacy and recognition; understanding advanced practice nurse (APN) roles, sub‐roles, and competencies will enhance internal cohesion. The outcome of this concept analysis is a greater understanding of the conceptual basis of advanced practice nursing and a current best estimate of the probable truth surrounding advanced practice nursing.Implications for practice: A greater understanding of the conceptual basis of advanced practice nursing will help to gain clarity, internal cohesion, external legitimacy, and acceptance of APN roles by society and other healthcare professions.
What do you mean you want me to teach, do research, engage in service, and clinical practice? Views from the trenches: The novice, the expert
Authors: Hawkins Joellen W. , Fontenot Holly 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this column is to explicate two points of view—the novice and the expert nurse practitioner (NP) faculty member, highlighting the importance of mentoring new faculty NP members into the diverse faculty roles relating to both general academic requirements and those particular roles related to NP education. For example, arranging clinical placements is one of the most important and time‐consuming responsibilities of NP faculty. Learning to juggle all the roles is a challenge to new faculty members. Such mentoring may help alleviate the phenomenon of young faculty members leaving academia and returning to full‐time clinical practice. Mentoring is crucial to integrating new NP faculty members into academic life.
Power and Pragmatics
Authors: Keating Elizabeth 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLanguage is an important means through which power relations are created and negotiated. In addition to everyday choices speakers make about their own language use, variations in ways of talking are related to local theories of power, status, identity, self, ethnicity, class, and gender. Grammatical and lexical choices, choices in forms of address and reference, turn‐taking, narratives of cause and effect, genre, and stylistic performance, as well as the organization of space for talk and participation, embodied behaviors, and silence are used as elements in the distribution of power. Power and language are connected through the marking of certain encounters and contexts as requiring particular types of language use, the privileging of certain types of language, who may or may not speak in certain settings, which contexts are appropriate for which types of speech and which for silence, what types of talk are appropriate to persons of different statuses and roles, norms for requesting and giving information, and practices for alternating between speakers. Pragmatic uses of language are an important tool for constructing social difference and distinctions between individuals in terms of efficacy and power.