bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of low platelet counts by optical, impedance, and CD61‐immunoplatelet methods: estimation of possible inappropriate platelet transfusion
Authors: Cid Joan , Nascimento Janilson Do , Vicent Ana , Aguinaco Reyes , Escoda Lourdes , Ugarriza Aranzazu , Llorente Andreu 
Published: November 2009

BACKGROUND: The Cell‐Dyn Sapphire (Abbott Diagnostics) detects platelets (PLTs) with a CD61 monoclonal antibody directed against glycoprotein IIIa as well as impedance (IMP) and optical (OPT) technology. We decided to evaluate low PLT counts produced by IMP and OPT methods and to compare them with the CD61 method. We also examined the possibility of inappropriate PLT transfusion resulting from an inaccurate PLT count.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed consecutive blood samples with OPT PLT counts of less than 50 × 109/L. We performed the PLT count with the OPT, IMP, and CD61 methods and we compared the number of prophylactic PLT transfusion indications according to the PLT counts determined by the OPT and IMP methods with the number of prophylactic PLT transfusion indications according to our reference CD61 method.RESULTS: We collected 135 samples. In the bias analysis, the OPT method and the IMP method showed higher PLT counts when compared with the CD61 method (mean of difference 1.69 × 109 and 19.1 × 109/L, respectively). We saw overtransfusion in 1.5% of cases and undertransfusion in 15.2% of cases (p = 0.01; McNemar's test) when we selected a threshold of 10 × 109/L with the OPT method. We saw undertransfusion in 22.2% of cases (p = 0.03; McNemar's test) when we selected a threshold of 5 × 109/L with the OPT method.CONCLUSIONS: Low PLT counts determined by the OPT and IMP methods showed some disagreement when compared with the CD61 method. This disagreement caused both PLT undertransfusion and overtransfusion.
Potentiation of Acid Sham Feeding Response in Pavlov Pouch Dogs by Histamine and by Mesenteric‐Caval Vein Anastomosis
Authors: Olbe Lars 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe acid sham feeding responses in Pavlov pouch dogs were almost abolished by resection of the main sources of endogenous gastrin. A marked increase of the sham feeding responses appeared in these dogs on concomitant i. v. infusion of subthreshold amounts of histamine (5—43 times in 5 dogs) or after a mesenteric‐caval vein anastomosis (7—20 times in 5 dogs). Thus the quality to potentiate the direct vagal action on the gastric HC1‐glands is not a characteristic of gastrin but a property that gastrin shares with other humoral secretogogues. The nature of the intestinal agent causing the hypersecretory sham feeding response after mesenteric‐caval anastomosis is discussed in view of 1) the comparatively larger augmentation of the response by subthreshold amounts of histamine than by the vein anastomosis, and 2) the increased fasting acid secretion after the mesenteric‐caval anastomosis.
Reproducibility and desensitization of the power frequency magnetic field effect on movement of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura
Authors: RYU Jeong‐Min , KIM Nam‐Jung , WON Ran , LEE Sang‐Dae , CHAE Kwon‐Seok 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAll creatures on Earth, including human beings, can be influenced by the power frequency electromagnetic field (EMF), even though the consequence and degree of the effect may vary due to regional context, species, etc. Most of the outstanding scientific achievements about the EMF effect on life have come from behavioral studies. In such studies, in contrast to the geomagnetic field or static magnetic field (MF), the oscillating MF has attracted far less attention so far. Following a previous report, to attain deep basic knowledge about the effect of an extremely low frequency (ELF) MF on animal behavior, we characterized the 60‐Hz MF‐responsive movement activity of common cutworm larvae using sophisticated experimental schemes. The MF‐exposed third instar larvae showed significantly reduced locomotive activity compared to the matching sham‐exposed larvae. Moreover, repeated MF exposure to the same larvae up to three times also showed similar behavioral responsiveness even though the extent of movement decrease was attenuated by the repetition time. These results suggest that sinusoidal power frequency MF could disrupt the normal locomotory activity of insect larvae, and the insects may show adaptive desensitization to the same MF.
Characterization of optimal growth conditions and carotenoid production of strain Rhodotorula mucilaginosa HP isolated from larvae of Pieris rapae
Authors: OH Jukyoung , JEONG Heonchun , OH Sejong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractYeasts have been studied because of their production of a pigment known as carotenoid with potential application in food and feed supplements. A carotenoid‐producing yeast was isolated from the larvae of Pieris rapae, named HP. The strain HP was identified as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa classified by its carbohydrate fermentation pattern and physiological tests. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa HP produces several exogenous enzymes: alkaline phosphatase, esterase, leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, acid phosphatase and β‐glucosidase. Using response surface methodology, selected medium components (yeast extract, malt extract, peptone, glucose) were tested to find the optimum conditions for carotenoid production and the growth of R. mucilaginosa HP. Central composite design was used to control the concentrations of medium components. Peptone and glucose had the largest effects on carotenoid production and cell growth of R. mucilaginosa HP, respectively. The estimated optimal growth conditions of R. mucilaginosa HP were: yeast extract 3.23%, malt extract 2.84%, peptone 6.99% and glucose 12.86%. The estimated optimal conditions for carotenoid production were: yeast extract 2.17%, malt extract 2.11%, peptone 5.79% and glucose 12.46%. These results will assist in the formulation of an appropriate culture medium for optimal carotenoid production of R. mucilaginosa HP for commercial use.
Insect herbivores associated with the introduced weed Bidens frondosa L. (Asteraceae) in Korea, and their potential role as augmentative biological control agents
Authors: HAN Yong‐Gu , CHO Youngho , KIM Youngjin , LIM Heonmyoung , KWON Ohseok , NAM Sang‐Ho 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe annual herb Bidens frondosa L., native to North America, is an invasive weed. Currently no information is available on the insect herbivores associated with this weed in Korea. A survey was carried out at two‐weekly intervals from May to October 2008 at two sites, and the incidence and abundance of various insect herbivores studied. A total nine species of insects was recorded and among them the defoliating caterpillar Hadjina chinensis (Wallengren) (Lepidoptera) was the only species known to have host plants restricted to genus Bidens. Further host specificity studies are required to evaluate the potential of this insect as a candidate for augmentative biological control agent for B. frondosa in Korea. All other insect species are either polyphagous or known crop pests.
To Choose or to Avoid: Age Differences in Learning from Positive and Negative Feedback
Authors: Eppinger Ben , Kray Jutta 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether older adults learn more from bad than good choices than younger adults and whether this is reflected in the error-related negativity (ERN). We applied a feedback-based learning task with two learning conditions. In the positive learning condition, participants could learn to choose responses that lead to monetary gains, whereas in the negative learning condition, they could learn to avoid responses that lead to monetary losses. To test the stability of learning preferences, the task involved a reversal phase in which stimulus–response assignments were inverted. Negative learners were defined as individuals that performed better in the negative than in the positive learning condition (and vice versa for positive learners). The behavioral data showed strong individual differences in learning from positive and negative outcomes that persisted throughout the reversal phase and were more pronounced for older than younger adults. Older negative learners showed a stronger tendency to avoid negative outcomes than younger negative learners. However, contrary to younger adults, this negative learning bias was not associated with a larger ERN, suggesting that avoidance learning in older negative learners might be decoupled from error processing. Furthermore, older adults showed learning impairments compared to younger adults. The ERP analyses suggest that these impairments reflect deficits in the ability to build up relational representations of ambiguous outcomes.
Dissociable Neural Substrates for Agentic versus Conceptual Representations of Self
Authors: Powell Lindsey J. , Macrae C. Neil , Cloutier Jasmin , Metcalfe Janet , Mitchell Jason P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAlthough humans generally experience a coherent sense of selfhood, we can nevertheless articulate different aspects of self. Recent research has demonstrated that one such aspect of self—conceptual knowledge of one's own personality traits—is subserved by ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC). Here, we examined whether an alternative aspect of “self”—being an agent who acts to achieve one's own goals—relies on cognitive processes that overlap with or diverge from conceptual operationalizations of selfhood. While undergoing fMRI, participants completed tasks of both conceptual self-reference, in which they judged their own or another person's personality traits, and agentic self-reference, in which they freely chose an object or watched passively as one was chosen. The agentic task failed to modulate vMPFC, despite producing the same memory enhancement frequently observed during conceptual self-referential processing (the “self-reference” effect). Instead, agentic self-reference was associated with activation of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), a region previously implicated in planning and executing actions. Experiment 2 further demonstrated that IPS activity correlated with later memory performance for the agentic, but not conceptual, task. These results support views of the “self” as a collection of distinct mental operations distributed throughout the brain, rather than a unitary cognitive system.
Neural Activity in the Hippocampus and Perirhinal Cortex during Encoding Is Associated with the Durability of Episodic Memory
Authors: Carr Valerie A. , Viskontas Indre V. , Engel Stephen A. , Knowlton Barbara J. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Studies examining medial temporal lobe (MTL) involvement in memory formation typically assess memory performance after a single, short delay. Thus, the relationship between MTL encoding activity and memory durability over time remains poorly characterized. To explore this relationship, we scanned participants using high-resolution functional imaging of the MTL as they encoded object pairs; using the remember/know paradigm, we then assessed memory performance for studied items both 10 min and 1 week later. Encoding trials were classified as either subsequently recollected across both delays, transiently recollected (i.e., recollected at 10 min but not after 1 week), consistently familiar, or consistently forgotten. Activity in perirhinal cortex (PRC) and a hippocampal subfield comprising the dentate gyrus and CA fields 2 and 3 reflected successful encoding only when items were recollected consistently across both delays. Furthermore, in PRC, encoding activity for items that later were consistently recollected was significantly greater than that for transiently recollected and consistently familiar items. Parahippocampal cortex, in contrast, showed a subsequent memory effect during encoding of items that were recollected after 10 min, regardless of whether they also were recollected after 1 week. These data suggest that MTL subfields contribute uniquely to the formation of memories that endure over time, and highlight a role for PRC in supporting subsequent durable episodic recollection.
Neural Dissociations between Action Verb Understanding and Motor Imagery
Authors: Willems Roel M. , Toni Ivan , Hagoort Peter , Casasanto Daniel 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
According to embodied theories of language, people understand a verb like throw, at least in part, by mentally simulating throwing. This implicit simulation is often assumed to be similar or identical to motor imagery. Here we used fMRI to test whether implicit simulations of actions during language understanding involve the same cortical motor regions as explicit motor imagery. Healthy participants were presented with verbs related to hand actions (e.g., to throw) and nonmanual actions (e.g., to kneel). They either read these verbs (lexical decision task) or actively imagined performing the actions named by the verbs (imagery task). Primary motor cortex showed effector-specific activation during imagery, but not during lexical decision. Parts of premotor cortex distinguished manual from nonmanual actions during both lexical decision and imagery, but there was no overlap or correlation between regions activated during the two tasks. These dissociations suggest that implicit simulation and explicit imagery cued by action verbs may involve different types of motor representations and that the construct of “mental simulation” should be distinguished from “mental imagery” in embodied theories of language.
Modulation of BOLD Response in Motion-sensitive Lateral Temporal Cortex by Real and Fictive Motion Sentences
Authors: Saygin Ayse Pinar , McCullough Stephen , Alac Morana , Emmorey Karen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCan linguistic semantics affect neural processing in feature-specific visual regions? Specifically, when we hear a sentence describing a situation that includes motion, do we engage neural processes that are part of the visual perception of motion? How about if a motion verb was used figuratively, not literally? We used fMRI to investigate whether semantic content can “penetrate” and modulate neural populations that are selective to specific visual properties during natural language comprehension. Participants were presented audiovisually with three kinds of sentences: motion sentences (“The wild horse crossed the barren field.”), static sentences, (“The black horse stood in the barren field.”), and fictive motion sentences (“The hiking trail crossed the barren field.”). Motion-sensitive visual areas (MT+) were localized individually in each participant as well as face-selective visual regions (fusiform face area; FFA). MT+ was activated significantly more for motion sentences than the other sentence types. Fictive motion sentences also activated MT+ more than the static sentences. Importantly, no modulation of neural responses was found in FFA. Our findings suggest that the neural substrates of linguistic semantics include early visual areas specifically related to the represented semantics and that figurative uses of motion verbs also engage these neural systems, but to a lesser extent. These data are consistent with a view of language comprehension as an embodied process, with neural substrates as far reaching as early sensory brain areas that are specifically related to the represented semantics.
Defining the Units of Competition: Influences of Perceptual Organization on Competitive Interactions in Human Visual Cortex
Authors: McMains Stephanie A. , Kastner Sabine 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Multiple stimuli that are present simultaneously in the visual field compete for neural representation. At the same time, however, multiple stimuli in cluttered scenes also undergo perceptual organization according to certain rules originally defined by the Gestalt psychologists such as similarity or proximity, thereby segmenting scenes into candidate objects. How can these two seemingly orthogonal neural processes that occur early in the visual processing stream be reconciled? One possibility is that competition occurs among perceptual groups rather than at the level of elements within a group. We probed this idea using fMRI by assessing competitive interactions across visual cortex in displays containing varying degrees of perceptual organization or perceptual grouping (Grp). In strong Grp displays, elements were arranged such that either an illusory figure or a group of collinear elements were present, whereas in weak Grp displays the same elements were arranged randomly. Competitive interactions among stimuli were overcome throughout early visual cortex and V4, when elements were grouped regardless of Grp type. Our findings suggest that context-dependent grouping mechanisms and competitive interactions are linked to provide a bottom–up bias toward candidate objects in cluttered scenes.
Investigating the Interaction between Spatial Perception and Working Memory in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe
Authors: Lee Andy C. H. , Rudebeck Sarah R. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
There has been considerable debate surrounding the functions of the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Although this region has been traditionally thought to subserve long-term declarative memory only, recent evidence suggests a role in short-term working memory and even higher order perception. To investigate this issue, functional neuroimaging was used to investigate the involvement of the MTL in spatial scene perception and working memory. Healthy participants were scanned during a working memory task incorporating two factors of working memory (high vs. low demand) and spatial processing (complex vs. simple). It was found that an increase in spatial processing demand produced significantly greater activity in the posterior hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex irrespective of whether working memory demand was high or low. In contrast, there was no region within the MTL that increased significantly in activity during both the complex and the simple spatial processing conditions when working memory demand was increased. There was, however, a significant interaction effect between spatial processing and working memory in the right posterior hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex bilaterally: An increase in working memory demand produced a significant increase in activity in these areas during the complex, but not simple, spatial processing conditions. These findings suggest that although there may be a role for the MTL in both stimulus processing and working memory, increasing the latter does not necessarily increase posterior MTL involvement. We suggest that these structures may play a critical role in processing complex spatial representations, which, in turn, may form the basis of short- and long-term mnemonic processes.
Optimization of cisplatin doses in a testicular cancer patient with acute renal failure
Authors: Pouliquen A-L , Bousquet G , Le Maignan C , Bauer C , Lejri N , Misset J-L , Lokiec F 
Published: November 2009

Although testicular cancers are highly curable malignancies, conventional cisplatin based therapy often causes important toxicities, not often easily manageable. Nephrotoxicity occurs in almost all patients, and is potentialized in patients suffering from renal failure. Monitoring of residual levels of unbound platinum was used to define guidelines for cisplatin administration. Monitoring of cisplatin was initiated in a patient treated for metastatic testicular cancer and acute renal failure. Reduced doses of cisplatin were first administered in conjunction with hemodialysis. Unbound and total platinum levels were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The data found allowed us to adapt and increase sequentially cisplatin doses, accordingly with the renal function. Full regimen doses were eventually administered when useful renal function returned. This simple approach may be useful in monitoring cisplatin administration during acute renal failure.
The association between metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease in Jordan
Authors: Khader Yousef S. , Khasawneh Basheer , Daoud Ammar K. , Khatatbeh Moawiah 
Published: November 2009

Background: Previous studies in Jordan showed a considerably high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MeS) and its individual components. However, data about the association between MeS and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Jordan are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between MeS and CAD among Jordanians. Methods: This case-control study included 269 patients diagnosed with CAD and 1026 subjects without CAD. Data collected from cases and controls included socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and anthropometric measurements. Patients were diagnosed with MeS based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) adult treatment panel (ATP) III. Results: MeS was present in 65.1% of patients with CAD and in 44.0% of those with no CAD (p<0.0005). After adjusting for the important variables in the multivariate analysis, those with MeS were twice more likely to have CAD (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.93, p = 0.002) compared to those without MeS. The number of metabolic abnormalities was significantly associated with CAD, when it substituted MeS in the regression model, with a higher number of MeS components led to greater odds for CAD. Conclusions: The MeS, which occurs very frequently in the general population, is associated with CAD in Jordan. The identification of subjects with the MeS is conceivably useful from a clinical standpoint, as it can be anticipated that these individuals should benefit from interventions aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk.
Reach and effectiveness of DVD and in-person diabetes self-management education
Authors: Glasgow Russell E. , Edwards Linda L. , Whitesides Holly , Carroll Nikki , Sanders Tristan J. , McCray Barbara L. 
Published: November 2009

Objectives: To evaluate the reach and effectiveness of a diabetes self-management DVD compared to classroom-based instruction. Methods: A hybrid preference/randomized design was used with participants assigned to Choice v. Randomized and DVD v. Class conditions. One hundred and eighty-nine adults with type 2 diabetes participated. Key outcomes included self-management behaviours, process measures including DVD implementation and hypothesized mediators and clinical risk factors. Results: In the Choice condition, four times as many participants chose the mailed DVD as selected Class-based instruction (38.8 v. 9.4%, p<0.001). At the 6-month follow-up, the DVD produced results generally not significantly different than classroom-based instruction, but a combined Class plus DVD condition did not improve outcomes beyond those produced by the classes alone. Discussion: The DVD appears to have merit as an efficient and appealing alternative to brief classroom-based diabetes education, and the hybrid design is recommended to provide estimates of programme reach.