bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IV.—Some Speculations on the Phenomena suggested by a Geological Study of Vesuvius and Monte Somma
Authors: Johnston-Lavis H. J. 
Published: May 2009

Disregarding for convenience the internal volcanic forces of the earth, let us take for granted that we have an unlimited supply of fused silicates at a very high temperature; what will be the changes and effects produced in the escape of such matters upon the earth's surface ?.That, at the great sources of volcanic material the igneous mass is in a completely fused state there can hardly exist any doubt. By this is meant that the magma is an intimate mixture of various chemical elements and compounds that have not yet assumed any other than the fluid state, or, in other words, that the molecules move freely amongst each other and have not arranged themselves in any definite crystalline form.
V.—Notes on the Bure Valley Beds and the Westleton Beds
Authors: Woodward Horace B. 
Published: May 2009

In Two papers, read in 1881, before the meeting of the British Association at York, Prof. Prestwich has discussed the structure and distribution of certain deposits which he has called “The Mundesley and Westleton Beds.”inhis opinion they occupy an horizon “between the Chillesford Beds and the Lower Boulder-clay.”My work on the Geological Survey in Norfolk has, however, led me to conclusions that differ in important particulars from those of Prof. Prestwich, and chiefly in the correlation of beds in several localities. As his papers have at present been published only in brief abstract, it is not possible to criticize them with justice to the author; but as a year has now elapsed since the conclusions were made known, I may be pardoned for submitting my own views for discussion at the present time.
VIII.—On the Discovery of Turrilepas in the Utica Formation (Ordovician) of Ottawa, Canada
Authors: Woodward Henry 
Published: May 2009

Mr. Ami's interesting discovery has already been announced in a letter addressed to Mr. A. H. Foord, F.G.S., published in this Magazine (October, 1888). Mr. Ami now supplies a “Note” on the precise geological position of the beds in which the Turrilepas was found. Want of space, however, precludes us from giving the whole of his detailed observations, which are accompanied by a sketch section, here reproduced:—The following is a summary of Mr. Ami's “Note.”The Turrilepas was found in a band of bituminous limestone cropping out on the right bank of the Rideau River, at the Rifle Range, near Ottawa. The precise position of the beds (Lower Utica = about the lower part of the Bala Series), was ascertained by means of their fossil contents, which include an interesting Brachiopod—Siphonotreta Scotica, identified and named by the late Dr. T. Davidson, F.R.S.
III.—Derived Limestones
Authors: Sollas W. J. 
Published: May 2009

My attention has been directed to the following paragraph, which appears in Mr. H. B. Woodward's monograph on the Jurassic Rocks of Britain, vol. iii, p. 31 (1893). It is as follows:—“Prof. Sollas has suggested that rivers sometimes bear to the sea considerable quantities of undissolved calcareous matter, derived from the formation through which they flow. This is a matter that requires confirmation, for it is known that carbonate of lime is more readily soluble in fresh-water than in sea-water.”
II.—Studies in Edrioasteroidea. VI. Pyrgocystis n.g.
Authors: Bather F. A. 
Published: May 2009

Materials for the study of this very distinctive genus have been accumulating for many years, and at last afford a firm basis for certain definite conclusions. Some important matters remain obscure, and the comparison of the Swedish material has been hindered by the dangerous state of the North Sea, but further delay in publication does not seem advisable. Various reasons make it convenient to deal with the species in the order of their geological age, beginning with the oldest, which is the most complete and is taken as the type-species of the genus. The new species are—
Pyrgocystis sardesoni, Lower Ordovician, Minnesota (genotype).Pyrgocystis grayae, Upper Ordovician, Girvan.Pyrgocystis ansticei, Middle Silurian, Shropshire.
VI.—The Geological Chronometer
Authors: Bulman G. W. 
Published: May 2009

The pleasant relations normally existing among geologists, biologists, and physicists have of late become a trifle strained on the question of the age of the earth. Biologists, having failed to induce either geologists or physicists to draw sufficiently large cheques on the bank of time, have taken to signing the same them-selves, adding the ciphers ad lib. Professor Poulton has ably championed the rights of the biologists to do so, and in the course of his argument he contends that there is evidence in the sedimentary strata to show that their rate of formation was not greater than that at which deposits are now being accumulated.So far as I am aware, Professor Poulton's contention has not been either controverted or supported by any geologist. Hence it seems to be a suitable subject for discussion in the Geological Magazine.In the first place, then, what would be the nature of the evidence we might a priori expect to find to show that one set of beds was accumulated in a shorter time than another of equal thickness ? Would there, in fact, be any difference such as would enable us positively to decide the question ?Secondly, we may examine and compare rocks which we know, or have reason to suppose, have been formed at different rates. Now, according to Sir A. Geikie, if the rocks of the stratified systems were laid down at the greatest rate suggested by the facts of denudation. 73,000,000 years would be required; if at the least, 680,000,000.
I.—Note on the Orbitoidal Limestone of North Borneo
Authors: Jennings A. Vaughan 
Published: May 2009

The specimens which form the subject of the present note were brought to England by Mr. H. T. Burls, A.R.S.M., F.G.S., late Geologist to Rajah Brooke, of Borneo.It was Mr. Burls's intention to communicate to the Geological Magazine the results of his observations in North Borneo, and in this connection I undertook the examination of the limestone with a view to obtaining evidence as to its age. On his departure for South Africa, Mr. Burls left the specimens at the Science Schools, asking me to make what I could out of them without stratigraphical details.
IV.—A Greywether at South Kensington
Authors: Woodward H. B. 
Published: May 2009

In the Geological Magazine for March, 1891, p. 119, I drew attention to the occurrence of a large Greywether in Moscow Street, Bayswater. Another and smaller example has lately been discovered in the foundations for the new buildings of the Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington. The excavations show:Made ground and soil, about 5 feet.Gravel, full thickness about 20 feet.London Clay with cement stones.
V.—Memoranda, chiefly on the Drift Deposits in various parts of England and Wales: being Extracts from the Notebooks and other MSS. of the late Sir Joseph Prestwich, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S., etc.
Authors: Woodward H. B. 
Published: May 2009

[For a period of nearly sixty years Sir Joseph Prestwich recorded his geological observations in a series of notebooks. These records, together with the illustrative sections, were afterwards copied, in many instances, into folio volumes dealing respectively with the Eocene and Miocene, the Pliocene and Post-Pliocene formations, and with well-sinkings, springs, etc. The systematic arrangement and indexing of his very copious notes no doubt greatly facilitated the labours of the author. The majority of his notes and sections have been published, but here and there among the notebooks and MSS. there are records of pits and railway-cuttings, as well as some statements of opinion, which appear never to have been printed. A selection of these is now given, together with references to published papers dealing with the same subjects. All additions are put in square brackets.It was the desire of Sir J. Prestwich to have dealt more fully with the phenomena of the Glacial Period, but owing to the many calls upon his time, and to his aim invariably to obtain and to submit fully to his readers all the evidence bearing upon his subjects, he was led to postpone for many years his more elaborate works. Thus his important papers on the Crag formations were issued long after most of his observations had been made. Meanwhile other geologists had entered the field and made known many of the facts which he had previously gathered, a proceeding natural enough and one by no means to be regretted. Thus Sir J. Prestwich remarks in his paper on the Westleton Beds, Part I (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xlvi, 1890, p. 86), that “The Memoirs of the [Geological] Survey, to which I shall have frequent occasion to refer, now supply a mass of valuable details, which greatly facilitate the task and do away with the necessity of much local description.” The notebooks rarely contain any particular expressions of opinion; they simply record facts and only occasionally suggest correlations. The conclusions were for the most part worked out subsequently and embodied in various published papers.Among the MSS. left by Prestwich is the rough draft of the Table of Contents of a paper dated 1892. It includes the following heads:—]
V.—Report upon the National Geological Surveys of Europe
Authors: Topley W. 
Published: May 2009

In the following pages a brief account is given of the organization and publications of the chief Geological Surveys in Europe. The statements are taken from official sources, or from an inspection of the publications.In formation has been kindly supplied by the directors of the following surveys: — Austro-Hungary, Bavaria, Belgium, Italy, Norway, Saxony, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland.In the preparation of this report my colleague, Mr. W. H. Dalton, has given me much assistance; my thanks are also due to Professor G. A. Lebour and to Mr. F. W. Rudler.The “Geological Record” gives descriptions of maps published in and since 1874.
IV.—On the Amount of Sand brought up by Lobworms to the Surface
Authors: Davison Charles 
Published: May 2009

Ten years ago Charles Darwin published his last work, the result of more than forty years' observations on the habits of earthworms and the rate at which they bring up soil to the surface. To ascertain this rate, he made use of two methods. In the first place he measured the rate at which layers of lime or cinders were covered over by the spread-out castings of worms; and, later, he collected and weighed all the castings thrown up over a definite area within a given time. As is well known, the general result of his investigation was greatly to exalt our ideas of the importance of earthworms and of the work they do upon the surface of the land.The work performed by lobworms on the surface of tidal sands seeming not less worthy of study, I made some observations on the subject during a short stay in Holy Island last August.
VI.—Mr. E. T. Newton on Pterosauria
Authors: Baur G. 
Published: May 2009

The paper by Mr. E. T. Newton “ On the Skull of Scaphognathus ” is one of the most important contributions to the morphology of the Pterosauria which has been published. There are a few poii however, which appear to me to need correction or a fuller explanati1. The “prefontals,” Newton.When Mr. Newton had the great kindness to show me specimen, which he had worked out with so much skill, I sugges to him that the bones called by him “ prefrontals ” (loc. cit. p. 5 were probably parts of the nasals only. It seems to me qi probable that this view is correct, and I give the following reaso1. If the “prefrontals,” Newton, represented these bones, t] would have a position different from that in any other form ofMonocondylia, Haeckel, 1866 (Sauropsida, Huxley, 1869). T] would be placed inside of the nasals.
IX.—On the Scratched and Facetted Stones of the Salt, Range, India
Authors: Stone George H. 
Published: May 2009

At the Meeting of the British Association in 1886, a facetted and striated pebble from the Salt Range, Punjab, was exhibited and described, by A. B. Wynne, F.G.S. Another and larger one was presented by Dr. W. T. Blanford, F.R.S.During the discussion that ensued, the question was considered whether the stones had received their shapes from the action of windblown sand. Having made a special study of sand-carving in a favourable region, the writer became interested in the subject, and with a view to compare the Punjab stones with the sand-facetted rockfragments so common in various parts of America, wrote to Dr. Blanford in order to obtain specimens of the stones in question. By the kindness of Dr. Blanford and Mr. Wynne, plaster casts of both the specimens described by them have been sent to me.
VII.—The Extent of the Hempstead Beds in the Isle of Wight
Authors: Reid Clement 
Published: May 2009

Owing to the impossibility of making an accurate Survey of many of the flatter and Drift-covered portions of England, in the absence of sections, the light boring tools so extensively used by the Geological Survey of Belgium have been experimentally tried during the last few months in the Isle of Wight. The results arrived at are of so much interest that the Director has requested me to draw up this preliminary notice.The Hempstead Beds, which were thought to be confined to the outlier at Hempstead Cliff and another of unknown extent in Parkhurst Forest, prove to be much more important, indeed they occupy about half the Tertiary area of the Isle of Wight.
V.—On the Humerus of Euclastes
Authors: Dollo Louis 
Published: May 2009

I.—To avoid useless repetitions, I shall consider as admitted what I have said in my paper “Sur le genre Euclastes,” especially:1. Euclastes, Cope = Chelone, Owen (non Ritg.) (pars) = Lytoloma, Cope = Puppigerus, Cope (pars) = Glossochelys, Seeley = Pachyrhynchus, Dollo = Erquelinnesia, Dollo.
II.—The Water-Supply of East Kent, in Connection With Natural Springs and Deep Wells
Authors: Dowker George 
Published: May 2009

The numerous demands made upon our underground water-supply, both for sewage and sanitary as well as brewing purposes, render the subject of my paper a matter of deep and serious importance.I shall set forth in the first place the rise and course of the livers, and in the next place the wells, especially the deep ones in the Chalk area; and I propose to show the connection between the height of the springs and the rainfall of the district.
I.—Notes on Russian Geology
Authors: Hume W. F. 
Published: May 2009

In the summer of 1891 a journey was undertaken by the writer to the S.W. Governments of Russia, the immediate object in view being the study of the geology of that region. This portion of the notes then taken will deal more especially with the extent, thickness, and general contour of the Cretaceous beds of the district, together with a review of the Eussian literature bearing on the zonal distribution in the various Governments.In 1845 Murchison had gathered together most of the facts then known regarding the Cretaceous formation of S. Russia, but his own direct observations were few, and the work was considered of only secondary importance. Under these circumstances it would not have been very surprising to find that he had fallen into error on many points.
II.—The Foraminifera of the Speeton Clay of Yorkshire
Authors: Sherlock R. L. 
Published: May 2009

Verminculum globosum, Montagu, 1803: Test. Brit., p. 523.Entosolenia globosa, Reuss, 1862: Sitzungsb. d. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. xlvi, p. 318, pl. i, figs. 1–3.Lagena globosa, Burrows, Sherborn, & Bailey, 1890: Journ. Roy. Mier. Soc., p. 555, pl. ix, figs. 1, 2, 4.Remarks.—This species has been recorded in rocks as old as the Wenlock Limestone and shale (Brady), and is stll living in almost every depth of water and in all latitudes.Horizon.—Present in C1, C2, C10. One specimen from each bed.
II.—The Principle of Saturation in Petrography: A Reply
Authors: Shand S. J. 
Published: May 2009

In exercising a debater's right to reply to criticism, I shall be extremely brief. My contentions, in two essays on the above subject,1 were as follows:—1. That the classification of rocks by silica percentage is unsatis-factory, and that a more natural basis for classification is available in the degree of saturation of the constituent minerals.My critic, Mr. Scott, has not expressed any opinion on this pointof comparison.2. That the field evidence is overwhelmingly favourable to the separation of the rock minerals into two groups, those of one group being stable in the presence of free silica under magmatic conditions, those of the other group unstable; and that such experimental work as has been done supports that separation.
III. Note on the Late Colliery Explosions
Authors: Rofe John 
Published: May 2009

The recent deplorable explosions in the Barnsley and North Staffordshire Coal Fields have again called attention to the coincidence of such terrible accidents with a sudden fall of the barometer, by which they are so frequently preceded, suggesting the idea that they may be to some extent connected as cause and effect, and perhaps the following facts may induce a belief that there is truth in the supposition.Some years since (in 1848) my attention was called to a well at Whittingham, on a farm then and now occupied by Mr. John France, about four miles N. W. of Preston, in Lancashire, celebrated in the district as “the blowing well.” This well was sunk for the purpose of supplying the farm buildings with water, but after going down about eighty feet in vain, the work was abandoned, and the well was covered with a large flagstone, with a hole through it for the chain used in placing it on the well.
V.—On the Arenig and Llandeilo Groups
Authors: Wyatt H. 
Published: May 2009

The lower strata of the Silurian system are, as yet, but little known. The labours of Welsh and other geologists have brought to light the large fauna of the Lingula flags; but while the Upper Cambrian has thus been established and elucidated, the beds which lie immediately above it, namely the “Arenig group,” and the Llandeilo flags, remain to be searched, and a great part of the respective fauna of each to be described.The Areing, or Skiddaw, group of Sedwick forms the base of the true Silurian rocks; it immediately underlies the Llandeilo flags, from which it is totally distinct, although caused with them in Murchison's “Siluria.”
I.—On the Occurrence of the Genus Squalodon in the Tertiary Strata of Victoria
Authors: M'Coy Frederick 
Published: May 2009

As confirmatory of the Miocene age assigned by me, on other palæontological grounds, to the Tertiary sands on the Southern shores of Victoria, containing the Trigonia semiundulata (M'Coy), I think the accompanying figure (Plate VIII., Fig. 1), of the natural size, of a molar of an Australian species of the mammalian genus Squalodon, may be of interest.The species is smaller than any of the American Eocene Zeuglodonts, or the Maltese Miocene Squalodon Melitensis, and it differs form them all in the great proportions, length (or depth), and imperfect bifurcation of the root. In the latter, and all other characters, it most nearly agrees with the Squalodon Grateloupi of von Meyer, from the French Miocene beds near Bordeaux.
II.—On a new Brachyurous Crustacean (Prosopon mammillatum), from the Great Oolite, Stonesfield
Authors: Woodward Henry 
Published: May 2009

Among the new Oolitic Crustacea to which I drew attention at the meeting of the British Association, Dundee, was a species of Prosopon from the Stonesfield Slate.This genus was proposed by H. von Meyer, in 1835, for certain minute forms of crustacea from the Upper White Jura of Oerlinger Thal, and other localities in Germany, from whence he has described twenty-nine species, and in addition to these, one from the Lower Oolite, three from the Coral Rag, and one from the Neocomian (see Palœontographica, for December, 1860, vol. vii., p. 183, pl. xxii.)
III.—The Igneous Rocks, etc., of the Neighbourhood of the Warwickshire Coal-field
Authors: Rutley Frank 
Published: May 2009

These rocks may be classed into five or six more or less distinct groups.I. Syenitic Rocks (Croft Series).II. Andesite and Andesitic Tuffs (Caldecote Series).III. Hartshill Quartzite with Breccia at its base.IV. Diorites.V. Andesites or Diorites containing Augite.VI. Basalts or Diorites containing Olivine.The three last groups appear to graduate into one another, and seem to correspond with similar rocks described by Mr. Allport. Many of the specimens examined are in a more or less advanced stage of decomposition, calcite, serpentine, pyrites, etc., being very commonly present.
“Meet the Real Lena Horne”: Representations of Lena Horne in Ebony Magazine, 1945–1949
Authors: WILLIAMS MEGAN E. 
Published: May 2009

Following World War II, Ebony's creator and editor, John H. Johnson, sought to create a popular black magazine in the vein of Life and Look that would reflect the accomplishments and joys, “the happier side,” of African American life.1 Throughout the first four years of its publication, Lena Horne appeared on the magazine's cover three times – the only woman to do so during this period. In this paper, I argue that the fledgling Ebony magazine drew on Lena Horne's wartime status as a beautiful black icon and represented her as a symbol of its ideological project, broadly, and as the Ebony image of postwar black womanhood, specifically. The magazine's representation of Lena Horne acts as a useful trope for understanding how Ebony imaged postwar black femininity in terms of motherhood, work, and civil rights activism; additionally, Ebony's representation of Horne and Ebony readers' letters to the editor reveal central issues of respectability, pinup photography, colorism, hair care, and interracial relationships as they were debated within the magazine's pages.Behind the lavish make-up, gay tinsel and brilliant glitter of American's most popular Negro entertainer, Lena Horne is a wonderfully human, somewhat lonesome, amazingly-honest, militant-minded personality who is relatively unknown to a vast audience of millions of movie, radio, and night club fans.2