bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain energy metabolism is increased by chronic administration of bupropion
Authors: Ferreira Gabriela K. , Rezin Gislaine T. , Cardoso Mariane R. , Gonçalves Cinara L. , Borges Lislaine S. , Vieira Júlia S. , Gomes Lara M. , Zugno Alexandra I. , Quevedo João , Streck Emilio L. 
Published: September 2011

Objectives:Based on the hypothesis that energy impairment may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression, we evaluated the activities of citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, II-III, IV and creatine kinase (CK) in the brain of rats submitted to chronic administration of bupropion.Methods:Animals received daily administration of bupropion dissolved in saline (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) at 1.0 ml/kg body weight. The rats received injections once a day for 14 days; control rats received an equivalent volume of saline. Twelve hours after the last administration, the rats were killed by decapitation and brain was rapidly removed and kept on an ice plate. The activities of the enzymes were measured in different brain areas.Results:We observed that the activities of citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase, mithocondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II-III and IV and CK were not altered after chronic administration of bupropion. However, SDH activity was increased in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. In the hippocampus, cerebellum and striatum the activity of complex II was increased after chronic administration of bupropion.Conclusions:Our results demonstrated that bupropion increased some enzymes of brain energy metabolism. These findings are in accordance with other studies which showed that some antidepressants may improve energy metabolism. The present results reinforce the hypothesis that antidepressants modulate brain energy metabolism.
Association of the leucine-7 to proline-7 variation in the signal sequence of neuropeptide Y with major depression
Authors: Koefoed Pernille , Woldbye David P.D. , Hansen Thomas v. O. , Eplov Lene F. , Christiansen Søren H. , Mors Ole , Kessing Lars V. , Werge Thomas , Kaipio Katja , Pesonen Ullamari , Fahmy Thomas , Mellerup Erling , Jakobsen Klaus D. , Hansen Elsebeth S. , Knudsen Gitte M. , Bukh Jens D. , Bock Camilla , Lindberg Camilla , Kristensen Ann S. , Dam Henrik , Nordentoft Merete , Als Thomas D. , Wang August G. , Gether Ulrik , Rehfeld Jens F. , Bolwig Tom G. 
Published: September 2011

Objective:There is clear evidence of a genetic component in major depression, and several studies indicate that neuropeptide Y (NPY) could play an important role in the pathophysiology of the disease. A well-known polymorphism encoding the substitution of leucine to proline in the signal peptide sequence of NPY (Leu7Pro variation) was previously found to protect against depression. Our study aimed at replicating this association in a large Danish population with major depression.Method:Leu7Pro was studied in a sample of depressed patients and ethnically matched controls, as well as psychiatric disease controls with schizophrenia. Possible functional consequences of Leu7Pro were exploredin vitro.Results:In contrast to previous studies, Pro7 appeared to be a risk allele for depression, being significantly more frequent in the depression sample (5.5%,n= 593;p= 0.009; odds ratio, OR: 1.46) as compared to ethnically matched controls (3.8%,n= 2912), while schizophrenia patients (4.1%,n= 503) did not differ.In vitro, the Pro7 substitution appeared to be associated with reduced levels of NPY without affecting its mRNA level.Conclusion:The Leu7Pro variation may increase the risk of major depression, possibly by affecting the biosynthesis of NPY.
Developing the Maternity Portfolio to promote maternal role attainment in women who have undergone artificial reproductive treatment
Authors: IWATA Hiroko , MORI Emi , MAEKAWA Tomoko , MAEHARA Kunie , SAKAJO Akiko , OZAWA Harumi , MORITA Akiko 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim:  The purpose of this study was to develop the Maternity Portfolio to promote maternal role attainment in women who underwent artificial reproductive treatment.Methods:  The following procedures were undertaken to develop the Maternity Portfolio: (i) a literature review was conducted to identify studies and articles related to maternal diary or portfolio usage; (ii) the research members discussed objectives and usages of the Maternity Portfolio; (iii) a trial product was developed in collaboration with two pregnant women (one following artificial reproductive treatment and one infertility patient) and seven nurses, and after feedback was completed, the product was revised; and (iv) the final product of the Maternity Portfolio was patented.Results:  The final Maternity Portfolio product consisted of a 40‐page booklet; it contained an information section and a patient comments section. Following artificial reproductive treatment, this booklet can be provided to women during the first trimester. Women would then be instructed to bring the Maternity Portfolio to their prenatal checkups, where a nursing intervention program would be conducted by certified nurses. Through this program and the Maternity Portfolio, participating women are expected to obtain necessary information and maternal role attainment.Conclusions:  The Maternity Portfolio was developed to promote maternal role attainment for women who have undergone artificial reproductive treatment. The intervention study with the Maternity Portfolio is a work in progress; therefore, a future evaluation of the study will clarify both positive and negative aspects, which should facilitate refinement of the functions and qualities of the Maternity Portfolio.
Incidence of midportion Achilles tendinopathy in the general population
Authors: de Jonge S , van den Berg C , de Vos R J , van der Heide H J L , Weir A , Verhaar J A N , Bierma-Zeinstra S M A , Tol J L 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundAchilles tendon disorders, like Achilles tendinopathy, are very common among athletes. In the general population, however, knowledge about the incidence of Achilles tendinopathy is lacking.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsIn a cohort of 57.725 persons registered in primary care, the number of patients visiting the general practitioner (GP) with diagnosis of mid-portion Achilles tendon problems was counted using computerised registration networks of GPs in 2009. Subsequently, the authors assessed associations of these rates with demographic characteristics.ResultsThe incidence rate of Achilles tendinopathy is 1.85 per 1,000 Dutch GP registered patients. In the adult population (21–60 years), the incidence rate is 2.35 per 1,000. In 35% of the cases, a relationship with sports activity was recorded.ConclusionThis is the first report on incidence rates of mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy in general practice. With an incidence of 1.85 per 1,000 registered persons, Achilles tendinopathy is frequently seen by GPs. The actual incidence might even be higher due to study limitations. More research on the frequency of this injury is required.
Experience with Instillagel® for hysterosonography and analgesia in a complex contraception clinic: a QIPP initiative
Authors: Pillai Mary , Shefras Julia 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundA significant number of women are referred with bleeding problems related to the use of hormonal contraception, for advice on management of heavy periods or following difficulty with intrauterine device insertion. The authors describe their experience with Instillagel®as the contrast medium for hysterosonography in a one-stop clinic for complex contraception referrals. They also comment on its analgesic properties for cervical and uterine instrumentation.MethodsThe authors reviewed 275 referrals seen over a 6-month period in consultant-delivered clinics provided by a contraception service that serves a single county (population 500 000). They describe the simple technique they use for hysterosonography with Instillagel.ResultsThe authors found Instillagel useful as a contrast medium for sonographic assessment of the endometrial cavity. Additionally, presence of gel in the endometrial cavity, with a time interval between insertion of gel and uterine instrumentation, appears to result in analgesia and relaxation of the uterus. There was a very low incidence of difficulties in a group of patients who had previously experienced significant problems with uterine instrumentation.ConclusionsHysterosonography is an efficacious, simple and inexpensive technique for assessment of the endometrial cavity. It has many potential applications in contraceptive care. An additional benefit appeared to be that once gel was instilled in the cavity for 10–15 minutes it facilitated instrumentation of the uterus.
N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in a Japanese Community
Authors: Doi Yasufumi , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Hata Jun , Hirakawa Yoichiro , Mukai Naoko , Ikeda Fumie , Fukuhara Masayo , Iwase Masanori , Kiyohara Yutaka 
Published: September 2011

Objective—
Few studies have examined the association between natriuretic peptides and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Asian populations.

Methods and Results—

A total of 3104 community-dwelling Japanese individuals aged ≥40 years without history of CVD were followed up for 5 years. A total of 127 CVD events were identified. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of CVD increased with increasing N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels (<55, 55–124, 125–399, and ≥400 pg/mL) at baseline and was significantly higher even in subjects with a modest increase. This association remained robust even after adjustment for other potential risk factors (55–124 pg/mL: multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio=1.85 [95% CI 1.07–3.18],
P
=0.03; 125–399 pg/mL: 2.98 [95% CI 1.65–5.39],
P
<0.001; ≥400 pg/mL: 4.54 [95% CI 2.22–9.29],
P
<0.001). The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for the development of total CVD and its subtypes, coronary heart disease and stroke, were significantly increased by a 1 SD increment of the log NT-proBNP concentrations and were nearly equal among CVD subtypes. Similar findings were observed for stroke subtypes of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage but not subarachnoid hemorrhage. The effects of the 1 SD increment in log NT-proBNP values were comparable in subjects with and without other cardiovascular risk factors, except for sex. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was significantly (
P
=0.006) increased by adding NT-proBNP values to the model including other potential risk factors.

Conclusion—
Elevated NT-proBNP levels were shown to be a significant risk factor for the development of CVD and its subtypes in a general Japanese population, independently of other cardiovascular risk factors.
Colors of Fruit and Vegetables and 10-Year Incidence of Stroke
Authors: Oude Griep Linda M. , Verschuren W.M. Monique , Kromhout Daan , Ocké Marga C. , Geleijnse Johanna M. 
Published: September 2011

Background and Purpose—
The color of the edible portion of fruits and vegetables reflects the presence of pigmented bioactive compounds, (eg, carotenoids, anthocyanidins, and flavonoids). Which fruit and vegetable color groups contribute most to the beneficial association of fruit and vegetables with stroke incidence is unknown. Therefore, we examined associations between consumption of fruit and vegetable color groups with 10-year stroke incidence.

Methods—
This was a prospective, population-based cohort study, including 20 069 men and women age 20 to 65 years and free of cardiovascular diseases at baseline. Participants completed a validated, 178-item food frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for stroke incidence using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle, and dietary factors.

Results—
During 10 years of follow-up, 233 incident cases of stroke were documented. Fruits and vegetables were classified into 4 color groups. Medians of green, orange/yellow, red/purple, and white fruit and vegetable consumption were 62, 87, 57, and 118 g/d, respectively. Green, orange/yellow, and red/purple fruits and vegetables were not related to incident stroke. Higher intake of white fruits and vegetables was inversely associated with incident stroke (Q4, >171 g/d, versus Q1, ≤78 g/d; HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.29–0.77). Each 25-g/d increase in white fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with a 9% lower risk of stroke (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85–0.97). Apples and pears were the most commonly consumed white fruit and vegetables (55%).

Conclusions—
High intake of white fruits and vegetables may protect against stroke.
Organized Outpatient Care
Authors: Webster Fiona , Saposnik Gustavo , Kapral Moira K. , Fang Jiming , O'Callaghan Chris , Hachinski Vladimir 
Published: September 2011

Background and Purpose—
Organized inpatient stroke care decreases mortality and morbidity irrespective of patient age, stroke severity, or stroke subtype. Limited information is available on whether organized outpatient care models such as stroke prevention clinics (SPC) improve outcomes after a transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke. We compared 1-year mortality and stroke readmission in patients with transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke referred versus not referred to an SPC.

Methods—
This was a retrospective cohort study including 16 468 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack who were seen in the emergency department or admitted to a hospital between July 1, 2003 and March 31, 2008 at registry stroke centers (n=12) in the province of Ontario. Cox proportional hazards models and propensity score-matched analyses were used to evaluate 1-year mortality and readmission.

Results—
One-year mortality rates were lower in those referred to SPCs compared with those not referred, even after adjustment for age, sex, ethnic origin, income, comorbid conditions, stroke symptoms and severity, receipt of thrombolysis, stroke unit care, discharge destination, and functional status at discharge (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.60–0.75). Survival analysis after propensity matching showed a 26% reduction in 1-year mortality (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65–0.84). There were no significant differences in 1-year readmission rates in those referred versus not referred to SPCs.

Conclusions—
Referral to an SPC is associated with a one-quarter reduction in mortality after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. This supports the argument that outpatient stroke units may prove as effective as their inpatient counterparts.
Clinical Presentation, Etiology, and Long-Term Prognosis in Patients With Nontraumatic Convexal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Beitzke Markus , Gattringer Thomas , Enzinger Christian , Wagner Gerit , Niederkorn Kurt , Fazekas Franz 
Published: September 2011

Background and Purpose—
Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage at the convexity of the brain (cSAH) is an incompletely characterized subtype of nonaneurysmal subarachnoid bleeding. This study sought to systematically describe the clinical presentation, etiology, and long-term outcome in patients with cSAH.

Methods—
For a 6-year period, we searched our radiological database for patients with nontraumatic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages (n=131) seen on CT or MRI. By subsequent image review, we identified 24 patients with cSAH defined by intrasulcal bleeding restricted to the hemispheric convexities. We reviewed their medical records, analyzed the neuroimaging studies, and followed up patients by telephone or a clinical visit.

Results—
The 24 patients with cSAH had a mean age of 70 years (range, 37–88 years), 20 (83%) were >60 years, and 13 (54%) were women. Patients often presented with transient sensory and/or motor symptoms (n=10 [42%]) and seizures (n=5 [21%]), whereas headaches typical of subarachnoid hemorrhage were rare (n=4 [17%]). MRI provided evidence for prior bleedings in 11 patients (microbleeds in 10 and parenchymal bleeds in 5) with a bleeding pattern suggestive of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in 5 subjects. At follow-up (after a mean of 33 months), 14 patients (64%) had an unfavorable outcome (modified Rankin scale score 3–6), including 5 deaths. We did not observe recurrent cSAH.

Conclusions—
Our data suggest that cSAH often presents with features not typical for subarachnoid bleeding. In the elderly, cSAH is frequently associated with bleeding-prone conditions such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Recurrence of cSAH is rare but the condition itself is a marker of poor prognosis.
Persistent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a common complication in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and a high score in the model for end-stage liver disease
Authors: Desai Archita P. , Reau Nancy , Reddy K. Gautham , Te Helen S. , Mohanty Smruti , Satoskar Rohit , DeVoss Amanda , Jensen Donald 
Published: September 2011

Objectives: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is associated with a high mortality rate. After antibiotic therapy, improvement in fluid polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count is expected within 2 days. However, our institution recognized cases unresponsive to standard treatment. Methods: To study these recalcitrant cases, we completed a retrospective chart review of patients admitted for SBP to the University of Chicago from 2002 to 2007. SBP was defined by an ascitic PMN cell count ≥250/ ml. Results: Of 55 patients with SBP, 15 did not show improvement in fluid PMN cell count to below 250/ ml with standard treatment, leading to a prevalence of 27%. The patients with persistent SBP were younger than those with nonpersistent SBP [mean (SD) 51.80 (9.84) compared with 58.13 (8.79); p = 0.0253]. Persistent SBP had a higher serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) [median (Q1, Q3) 1.85 (1.50, 2.41) compared with 1.10 (0.60, 1.60)] and a higher score in the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) [mean (SD) 27.98 (8.09) compared with 22.22 (8.10)] than nonpersistent SBP patients; p = 0.027 and p = 0.023, respectively. In addition, persistent SBP patients were more likely to have a positive ascitic fluid culture than nonpersistent SBP patients [odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) 4.33 (1.21, 15.47); p = 0.024]. Importantly, in-hospital mortality in the persistent SBP group was 40%, compared with 22.5% in the nonpersistent SBP group [OR = 2.30 (0.64, 8.19); p = 0.20]. Conclusions: The risk of persistent SBP is nearly 40% in patients with MELD score >25, SAAG >1.5 or positive ascitic fluid culture. Furthermore, patients who develop persistent SBP tend to experience a higher mortality rate. This study underscores the importance of further examination of this vulnerable population.
Comprehensive analysis of tumor microenvironment cytokines in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia identifies CCL5 as a novel modulator of IL-6 activity
Authors: Elsawa Sherine F. , Novak Anne J. , Ziesmer Steven C. , Almada Luciana L. , Hodge Lucy S. , Grote Deanna M. , Witzig Thomas E. , Fernandez-Zapico Martin E. , Ansell Stephen M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAlthough proinflammatory and chemotactic cytokines can profoundly affect the tumor microenvironment, and many of them have been shown to have therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models, the role of these molecules in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) remains poorly understood. In this study, simultaneous analysis of WM patient sera and bone marrow biopsies identified a set of dysregulated cytokines including CCL5, G-CSF, and soluble IL-2 receptor, that were significantly elevated in WM patients whereas IL-8 and EGF levels were significantly lower in these patients compared with healthy controls. Interestingly, CCL5 levels positively correlated with features of disease aggressiveness such as elevated IgM levels and bone marrow involvement. Functional analysis of tumor microenvironment revealed a functional correlation between CCL5 levels and IL-6 levels, a proinflammatory cytokine with an important role in normal and malignant B-cell biology. Furthermore, CCL5 stimulated IL-6 secretion in WM stromal cells resulting in increased IgM secretion by WM malignant cells via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Thus, together these results define a novel signaling network in the WM tumor microenvironment controlling IgM secretion and suggest CCL5 as a potential target for the treatment of this disease.
What is the potential for bisexual men in China to act as a bridge of HIV transmission to the female population? Behavioural evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chow Eric PF , Wilson David P , Zhang Lei 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China has rapidly increased in recent years. It is suggested that MSM could be a potential bridge of HIV transmission to the general female population. We investigated the bisexual behaviour of MSM in China through systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses on published peer-reviewed Chinese and English literature during 2001-2010 according to the PRISMA guidelines. Marital status and sexual behavioural indicators of MSM were presented graphically using forest plots. The pooled effect rates with 95% confidence intervals were also calculated. Meta-regression analyses were performed to examine the factors associated with high heterogeneities across the studies.

Results
Forty-three eligible articles (11 in English and 32 in Chinese) were identified. Our results showed that 17.0% (95% CI: 15.1-19.1%) of MSM in China are currently married to a woman and 26.3% (95% CI: 23.6-29.1%) of MSM had female sexual partners in the last six months. The pooled estimates for condom use rate between MSM and female sex partners was 41.4% (95% CI: 35.5-47.5%) at the last sex act; and 25.6% (95% CI: 23.0-28.4%) in the last six months. The consistent condom use rates with regular, non-commercial, casual and commercial female sex partners in the last six months were 23.3% (95% CI: 11.25-42.1%), 39.0% (95% CI: 28.8-50.3%) and 55.8% (95% CI: 41.4-69.4%), respectively.

Conclusions
A substantial proportion of Chinese MSM is currently married or had sexual relations with a female in the past six months. In addition, low condom usage was common between married MSM and their wives, hence posing a higher risk of transmitting HIV. Harm-reduction programs targeting married MSM and their female partners are necessary to curb the further spread of HIV infection to the general female population.