bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust filter design for piecewise discrete‐time systems with time‐varying delays
Authors: Mahmoud Magdi S. , Xia Yuanqing 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA novel delay‐dependent filtering design approach is developed for a class of linear piecewise discrete‐time systems with convex‐bounded parametric uncertainties and time‐varying delays. The time‐delays appear in the state as well as the output and measurement channels. The filter has a linear full‐order structure and guarantees the desired estimation accuracy over the entire uncertainty polytope. The desired accuracy is assessed in terms of either ℋ︁∞‐performance or ℒ︁2–ℒ︁∞criteria. A new parametrization procedure based on a combined Finsler's Lemma and piecewise Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is established to yield sufficient conditions for delay‐dependent filter feasibility. The filter gains are determined by solving a convex optimization problem over linear matrix inequalities. In comparison to the existing design methods, the developed methodology yields the least conservative measures since all previous overdesign limitations are almost eliminated. By means of simulation examples, the advantages of the developed technique are readily demonstrated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of induction in learning to teach toward equity: A study of beginning science and mathematics teachers
Authors: Bianchini Julie A. , Brenner Mary E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe investigated how an induction program supported and constrained beginning teachers' efforts to teach science or mathematics in equitable and effective ways. We focused our investigation on the teaching and learning of equitable instructional practices; we conceived of such practices as attention to students' experiences, instruction for English learners, differentiation, and reform‐minded science or mathematics strategies. During the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 academic years, we examined the experiences of two beginning secondary teachers (one in science and one in mathematics) enrolled in a state‐mandated, K‐12 induction program. We conducted multiple interviews with our beginning teachers, their experienced mentors, and induction professionals; videotaped all 21 induction seminars and 4 series of lessons for each beginning teacher; and examined each teacher's 12 teaching performance assessment products. Qualitative analysis of data made visible the successes and struggles in using a K‐12 induction program to promote equitable science and mathematics instruction. Beginning teachers saw their induction program as contributing little to their learning to teach toward equity; they pointed to their previous teacher education experiences and current school communities as more powerful forces in shaping the ways they taught science or mathematics to all students. We close with recommendations for other teacher educators and induction professionals. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 94:164–195, 2010
Estimation of incidences of infectious diseases based on antibody measurements
Authors: Simonsen J. , Mølbak K. , Falkenhorst G. , Krogfelt K. A. , Linneberg A. , Teunis P. F. M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOwing to underascertainment it is difficult if not impossible to determine the incidence of a given disease based on cases notified to routine public health surveillance. This is especially true for diseases that are often present in mild forms as for example diarrhoea caused by foodborne bacterial infections. This study presents a Bayesian approach for obtaining incidence estimates by use of measurements of serum antibodies against Salmonella from a cross‐sectional study. By comparing these measurements with antibody measurements from a follow‐up study of infected individuals it was possible to estimate the time since last infection for each individual in the cross‐sectional study. These time estimates were then converted into incidence estimates. Information about the incidence of Salmonella infections in Denmark was obtained by using blood samples from 1780 persons. The estimated incidence was about 0.094 infections per person year. This number corresponds to 325 infections per culture‐confirmed case captured in the Danish national surveillance system. We present a novel approach, termed as seroincidence, that has potentials to compare the sensitivity of public health surveillance between different populations, countries and over time. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joining and Interconnect Formation of Nanowires and Carbon Nanotubes for Nanoelectronics and Nanosystems
Authors: Cui Qingzhou , Gao Fan , Mukherjee Subhadeep , Gu Zhiyong 
Published: April 2009

AbstractInterconnect formation is critical for the assembly and integration of nanocomponents to enable nanoelectronics‐ and nanosystems‐related applications. Recent progress on joining and interconnect formation of key nanomaterials, especially nanowires and carbon nanotubes, into functional circuits and/or prototype devices is reviewed. The nanosoldering technique through nanoscale lead‐free solders is discussed in more detail in this Review. Various strategies of fabricating lead‐free nanosolders and the utilization of the nanosoldering technique to form functional solder joints are reviewed, and related challenges facing the nanosoldering technique are discussed. A perspective is given for using lead‐free nanosolders and the nanosoldering technique for the construction of complex and/or hybrid nanoelectronics and nanosystems.magnified image
Learning to recognize vulnerable patterns due to undesirable Zone‐3 relay operations
Authors: Yamashita Koji , Li Juan , Liu Chen‐Ching , Zhang Pei , Hofmann Michael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUndesirable zone 3 relay operations caused by unexpected loading conditions can contribute to the cascaded events, leading to catastrophic outages. Identifying the basic patterns of zone 3 relay operations in advance is an effective way to help prevent cascaded events. The postcontingency impedances seen by zone 3 relays can be calculated on line in a steady state security assessment framework. However, their accuracy is inadequate compared with the postcontingency apparent impedance obtained from off‐line time domain dynamic simulations. This paper proposes a fuzzy inference system (FIS) to correct discrepancies between the postcontingency apparent impedances obtained from the results of steady state security assessment and the corresponding values obtained by time‐domain simulations. The postcontingency apparent impedances obtained from the results of steady state security assessment can be corrected on line using correction terms provided by the FIS. The dynamic model of a 200‐bus system is used to validate the performance of the proposed FIS. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Simplified 20‐µm pitch vertical interconnection process for 3D chip stacking
Authors: Sakuma Katsuyuki , Nagai Noriyasu , Saito Mikiko , Mizuno Jun , Shoji Shuichi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a simplified vertical interconnection process for three‐dimensional (3D) chip stacking. The unique feature of this new process is that the conductive filling material in the through‐silicon‐vias (TSVs), the microbumps, and the interconnection materials are all fabricated in one processing stage. All of the steps can be performed with the same piece of equipment. Prototype chips with 20‐µm‐pitch vertical interconnections have been demonstrated successfully. By using this technique, 75‐µm deep high‐aspect‐ratio vias can be completely filled without voids using Ni electroplating and uniform 20‐µm‐pitch microbumps that are 4‐µm tall have been fabricated using Sn‐Cu electroplating. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Design and fabrication of a differential capacitive three‐axis SOI accelerometer using vertical comb electrodes
Authors: Tsuchiya Toshiyuki , Hamaguchi Hiroyuki , Sugano Koji , Tabata Osamu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA differential capacitive three‐axis silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) accelerometer using vertical comb electrodes fabricated by using surface‐micromachining technique has been developed. The accelerometer structures consist of only the device layer of a SOI wafer without lower or upper electrodes. The vertical comb electrodes of this device have structures different from conventional vertical comb electrodes. The bottom faces of both movable and fixed electrodes are in the same plane at their initial positions but their heights are different. Three‐axis acceleration can be sensed with differential capacitance detection by using only these vertical comb electrodes. The device structures were successfully fabricated using self‐alignment and Deep‐RIE processes. As an initial result, the capacitance changes against three‐axis acceleration were observed and the device sensitivities to three‐axis accelerations were measured. The capacitance sensitivities of X, Y and Z‐axis were 1.01, 0.898 and 0.989 fF/G, respectively. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaporative concentration of a microdroplet for highly sensitive detection of trace heavy metal ions in real samples
Authors: Yanagimachi Isao , Nashida Norihiro , Iwasa Koichiro , Suzuki Hiroaki 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe influence of surface tension becomes more prominent as the device is miniaturized. We used this effect to enhance the detection sensitivity of trace heavy metal ions. A microelectrode array was formed along with a Ag/AgCl reference electrode and was surrounded by a super‐hydrophobic layer formed with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) beads. When a droplet of a sample solution was placed on the sensing area, the super‐hydrophobic layer repelled the solution and a spherical droplet was formed. The droplet shrank to the sensing area as the solution evaporated. Electrochemical preconcentration was then carried out with the concentrated solution. Three heavy metal ions (Cd2+, Pb2+, and As3+) were analyzed by square‐wave anodic stripping voltammetry. A significant increase in current peaks was observed by this novel method. When a 10‐µL droplet was used, the detection limit was 600 ppt for Pb2+ and As3+ ions and 900 ppt for Cd2+ ions. Furthermore, the effect of the evaporative concentration was enhanced by increasing the volume of sample solution. We used this device for analysis of real samples. Correlation between the values obtained by this method and a conventional method was satisfactory with correlation coefficients of 0.982 (Pb2+), 0.969 (Cd2+), and 0.936 (As3+). Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Development of self‐vibration/detection AFM probe using quartz tuning fork
Authors: Hida Hirotaka , Shikida Mitsuhiro , Fukuzawa Kenji , Murakami Shirou , Sato Kenji , Asaumi Kazuo , Iriye Yasuroh , Sato Kazuo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe present a novel type of quartz tuning‐fork probe, which oscillates and detects its own probe deformation, for atomic force microscopy (AFM) systems. The quartz tuning‐fork structure was fabricated using anisotropic wet etching, and a sharp tip was formed on a beam using a focused ion beam (FIB) system. We evaluated the vibration properties of the fabricated tuning fork with the tip structure in an anti‐phase vibration mode and obtained a Q‐factor value of 2.5 to 2.8 × 103. This value was one order larger than that of a conventional Si probe. We experimentally clarified that the tuning‐fork probe measured a 100‐nm step of the Si surface, as well as the debris with a thickness of a few tens of nanometers on the surface by self‐vibration and self‐detection in cyclic‐contact mode AFM. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Stock price prediction using neural networks with RasID‐GA
Authors: Mabu Shingo , Chen Yan , Sohn Dongkyu , Shimada Kaoru , Hirasawa Kotaro 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn general, neural networks are widely used in pattern recognition, system modeling and prediction, and can model complex nonlinear systems. In the previous work, we proposed a novel training algorithm, Adaptive Random Search with Intensification and Diversification combined with Genetic Algorithm (RasID‐GA), for training the multibranch recurrent neural networks recently developed. In this paper, RasID‐GA has been applied to predict stock market prices using the multibranch feed forward neural networks. We predicted the next day's closing stock price with several past closing stock prices. We used the stock prices of 20 brands for 720 days in order to evaluate the generalization ability of the proposed method. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Distributed‐series compensator for controlling voltage in distribution line with clustered distributed generations
Authors: Simanjorang Rejeki , Miura Yushi , Ise Toshifumi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA method of controlling voltage profile in distribution line with many distributed generations (DGs) using distributed‐series compensator (D‐SC) is proposed. These DGs are assumed to be clustered photovoltaics (PVs) which are installed at residential area. A large power injected by PVs may result in reverse power flow from PVs to main source, which can lead to overvoltage in the distribution line. To mitigate this problem, it is proposed to install D‐SCs close to pole transformer of the distribution line. A D‐SC is a series compensator that can imitate characteristic of negative resistance and reactance, while reverse power flow occurs in distribution line. This is carried out by injecting active and reactive power to the distribution line through voltage injection. Providing active power for the D‐SC is done by a bidirectional rectifier which is connected to the secondary side of a pole transformer. The effectiveness of the proposed method is achieved by the improvement of voltage profile with small capacity of D‐SC and bidirectional rectifier. Theoretical analysis is discussed and simulation results are shown to verify the proposed method. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Corrosion control by antioxidant DBPC in insulating oil
Authors: Ito Takashi , Morishima Yoshiyuki 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn order to evaluate corrosive sulfur in insulating oil quantitatively, wave length dispersive X‐ray (WDX) technique has been reported 1. Using this technique, antioxidant 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐p‐cresol (DBPC) was found to be effective to suppress corrosion caused by dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS). The effect of corrosion prevention continues for a long term when a certain amount of DBPC is added to oil. The durability of DBPC was also evaluated by HPLC. It is possible to add relatively a good deal of DBPC to oil because DBPC has higher solubility than passivator and little effect on dielectric strength. Furthermore, DBPC was used with passivator simultaneously, and corrosion control time was far extended by their synergy effect. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bi‐directional lightpath reconfiguration in regional IP‐over‐WDM networks by a centralized control system
Authors: Hashimoto Michio , Koyama Osanori , Nooruzzaman MD. , Katsuyama Yutaka 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBi‐directional lightpath reconfiguration performance has been evaluated experimentally for regional IP‐over‐wavelength‐division multiplexing network applications, making the network scalable and stable when traffic changes occur. The reconfiguration performance was examined in an experimental network with reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADMs) to connect four nodes with bi‐directional dual‐fibers. The experiment was conducted by controlling the ROADMs. The control signals were sent by a developed system. The lightpaths were added or deleted by the control system in the experimental network, and IP packets were monitored. The results clarified that lightpaths could be reconfigured by controlling the ROADMs, and IP packets could be routed dynamically by Open Shortest Path First so as to adapt the lightpath changes. The reconfiguration functions of the system together with the ROADMs provide network administrators with easy management of the network in a skill‐less, centralized and remotely controlled way. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Water‐vapor permeability control of PDMS by the dispersion of collagen powder
Authors: Zhang Yuhua , Ishida Masatoshi , Kazoe Yutaka , Sato Yohei , Miki Norihisa 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been widely used as a material for micro‐total analysis system (µTAS) devices due to the superior nature of its manufacturability and chemical resistance, etc. PDMS is known to allow the permeation of gas and water vapor. This characteristic was applied to ensure an efficient oxygen supply to cells cultivated in micro‐chambers and power‐free sample injection into micro‐fluidic devices. Some applications, such as long‐term experiments with aqueous samples, however, prefer to avert the permeation of water vapor through PDMS. This paper reports on a new method to control the water‐vapor permeability of PDMS by dispersing collagen powder (collagen/PDMS polymer). First, we evaluated the manufacturability and material strength of the collagen/PDMS polymer to see whether the polymer could be employed as a material for µTAS devices. Subsequently, we designed and fabricated micro‐fluidic devices to directly measure the amount of water vapor permeating through a PDMS or collagen/PDMS membrane, and evaluated the effect of the dispersed collagen. The use of the dispersed collagen powder successfully reduced the water‐vapor permeability of PDMS by 54%. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactant with the Hydrophenanthrene Structure
Authors: Jia Weihong , Rao Xiaoping , Song Zhanqian , Shang Shibin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA novel cationic gemini surfactant with the hydrophenanthrene structure has been synthesized from dehydroabietic acid by use of conventional thermal conditions and microwave irradiation. Its structure was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. It was found that microwave‐assisted synthesis is an efficient means of preparation of this cationic gemini surfactant, with shorter reaction times and higher yields. The title compound had high surface activity. The CMC was 3.1 × 10−5 mol L−1, γCMC was 26.3 mN m−1, and emulsifying power (with benzene) reached five days. Comparison of this gemini surfactant and its monomeric counterpart proved the gemini surfactant was more surface active.
Synthesis of Sodium (+)‐(12S,13R)‐Epoxy‐cis‐9‐octadecenyl Sulfonate from Vernonia Oil
Authors: Sutton Darryl C. , Johnson Nikki S. , Hlongwane Caswell , Ayorinde Folahan O. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA water‐soluble, foaming epoxyalkene sulfonate, sodium (+)‐(12S,13R)‐epoxy‐cis‐9‐octadecenyl sulfonate, was synthesized from vernonia oil (VO) by a series of simple reactions that include transesterification, metal hydride reduction, tosylation, and SN2 reactions. Conversion of VO into vernonia oil methyl esters (VOME) using sodium methoxide was quantitative. Subsequent reduction of VOME with lithium aluminum hydride yielded (+)‐(12S,13R)‐epoxy‐cis‐9‐octadecenol (94%), along with minor amounts of hexadecenol, octadecenol, cis‐9‐octadecenol, and cis‐9,12‐octadecandienol. The (+)‐(12S,13R)‐epoxy‐cis‐9‐octadecenol, was tosylated with p‐toluenesulfonyl chloride to give (+)‐(12S,13R)‐epoxy‐cis‐9‐octadecenyl tosylate at 96% yield. Iodination of the tosylate with sodium iodide and subsequent SN2 reaction with sodium sulfite afforded (+)‐(12S,13R)‐epoxy‐cis‐9‐octadecenyl sulfonate (63% yield). This study demonstrates the ability to produce an epoxyalkenyl sulfonate, belonging to a class of anionic surfactants, from VO without destroying the epoxy functionality in the (+)‐(12S,13R)‐epoxy‐cis‐9‐octadecenyl moiety of VO. The critical micelle concentration of the synthesized sulfonate was also determined.
Laparoscopically‐assisted transabdominal oocyte retrieval in an infertility patient with ovarian malposition
Authors: Nakagawa Koji , Ohgi Shirei , Nakashima Akira , Horikawa Takashi , Saito Hidekazu , Sugiyama Rikikazu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractInfertility patients with malpositioned ovaries have considerable difficulty conceiving naturally because of extended fallopian tubes and ovarian malposition; such patients turn for help to assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. For most of these patients, ovarian malposition prevents transvaginal oocyte retrieval, so the transabdominal approach for oocyte retrieval is required. One of our infertility patients presented with ovarian malposition, and laparoscopy‐assisted transabdominal oocyte retrieval was performed. We performed a Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRH‐a) long protocol with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) ovarian stimulation, and used a standard transvaginal probe through the anterior abdominal wall for ovarian imaging and monitoring of the growing follicles. The patient underwent laparoscopically‐assisted transabdominal oocyte retrieval—9 oocytes were recovered, and 5 were fertilized, and 2 embryos were transferred to the patient's uterus. The patient became pregnant and a gestational sac was detectable by transvaginal ultrasonography, but she spontaneously miscarried. The patient then received several laparoscopically‐assisted transabdominal oocyte retrievals and finally became pregnant following a thawed embryo transfer during a hormone replacement cycle, and now her pregnancy is going well.
Non‐genomic regulation of mammalian sperm hyperactivation
Authors: Fujinoki Masakatsu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlthough it has been suggested that the acrosome reaction is induced through non‐genomic regulation in a ligand‐dependent manner, it is not known whether hyperactivation is similarly regulated. Progesterone and melatonin have been identified as ligands that regulate hyperactivation, the former through non‐genomic regulation with phospholipase C and the latter most likely through a reactive oxygen species‐mitogen activated protein kinase cascade. Both may be involved in spontaneous regulation of hyperactivation via tyrosine phosphorylation. The concentration of many hormones changes according to environmental conditions and biological rhythms, which will modulate ligand‐dependent regulation of hyperactivation.