bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Genus and Three New Species of Leaf-Litter-Inhabiting Ozophorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Rhyparochromidae: Rhyparochrominae)
Authors: Brailovsky Harry , Peredo Luis Cervantes 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
One new genus, Pseudomenotelus from México, is proposed within Lygaeoidea (Ozophorini) based on the new species P. oculatus from the state of Chiapas in Mexico. In addition, two new species from Honduras are described in the genus Pseudomenus, P. hondurensis and P. olanchus, each belonging to Ozophorini. A key to the Mexican genera of Ozophorini is included, as well as a key to the known species of Pseudomenus. All taxa here reported are leaf-litter-inhabiting and were collected in mesophilous forest.
Wing Morphometry Helps Diagnose Cryptic Species and ResurrectMindarus pinicolus(Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Favret Colin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWing venation, two-dimensional and with easily recognized reference points at vein junctions, presents an opportunity for the development of automated insect identification. Using a suite of continuous characters, I investigated the use of wing morphometry for computerized insect identification of cryptic species of the aphid genus Mindarus. A priori groups were determined using cytochrome oxidase 1 DNA barcodes. Discriminant function analysis of 24 wing measurements consistently grouped individuals of unknown taxonomic affinity with the correct a priori groups. The results suggest that diagnostic signal is present in wing morphometry, but the signal is considerably stronger with the addition of morphometry from other aphid appendages, namely, 10 leg and antennal segments. Almost all Mindarus collected in eastern North America have been determined as the balsam twig aphid, Mindarus abietinus Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), but molecular diagnostics reveals that the Palearctic species is not present in the Western Hemisphere. Schizoneura pinicola Thomas has been considered a North American synonym of M. abietinus. Morphometric discriminant function analysis suggests that the Abies-feeding eastern North American population is M. pinicolus. The species is here reinstated with a new combination and redescribed.
Analysis of Body Measurements and Wing Shape to DiscriminateRhagoletis pomonellaandRhagoletis zephyria(Diptera: Tephritidae) in Washington State
Authors: Yee Wee L , Chapman Peter S , Sheets H David , Unruh Thomas R 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a quarantine pest of apple (Malus sp.) in Washington state that is almost identical morphologically to Rhagoletis zephyria Snow, a nonpest of apple. Historically, the longer ovipositor in R. pomonella has been used to separate it from R. zephyria, despite overlap in ovipositor lengths. Here, the objectives were to determine whether use of multiple body measurements and wing shape can improve discrimination of the species. Ovipositor lengths allowed 94.6% correct identification of female R. pomonella but only 7.0% correct identification of R. zephyria. We found that multiple body measurements and wing shape can better separate these species. Canonical variates analysis (CVA) of nine body measurements in female flies largely separated the species. In contrast, CVA of nine body measurements poorly separated the males of these species. Discriminant analysis using nine body measurements classified female R. pomonella and R. zephyria with 95.4 and 100% accuracy, respectively. Geometric morphometrics and CVA separated wing shapes between species in both sexes. Bookstein shape coordinates indicated that the wing of R. pomonella is more tapered at the tip than that of R. zephyria. Use of wing shape in an assignments test identified female R. pomonella with 98.5% and female R. zephyria with 99.0% accuracy, and it correctly identified 100% of flies whose identities were questionable based on ovipositor lengths. Results indicate that use of multiple body measurements or wing shape is an improvement over the use of ovipositor length alone for identifying female R. pomonella and R. zephyria in Washington state.
Fine Structure of the Galeal Styloconic Sensilla of Larval Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)
Authors: Shields Vonnie D C 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Lepidopteran larvae possess two pairs of styloconic sensilla located on the maxillary galea. These sensilla, namely, the lateral and medial styloconic sensilla, are each composed of a smaller cone, which is inserted into a style. They are thought to play an important role in host plant selection and are the main organs involved in feeding. Ultrastructural examination of these sensilla of fifth instar Lymantria dispar (L.) larvae reveal that they are each ≈70 µm in length and 30 µm in width. Each sensillum consists of a single sensory peg inserted into the socket of a large style. Each peg bears a slightly subapical terminal pore averaging 317 nm in lateral sensilla and 179 nm in medial sensilla. Each sensillum houses five bipolar neurons. The proximal dendritic segment of each neuron gives rise to an unbranched distal dendritic segment. Four of these dendrites terminate near the tip of the sensillum below the pore and bear ultrastructural features consistent with contact chemosensilla. The fifth distal dendrite terminates near the base of the peg and bears ultrastructural features consistent with mechanosensilla. Thus, these sensilla each bear a bimodal chemo-mechanosensory function. The distal dendrites lie within the dendritic channel and are enclosed by a dendritic sheath. The intermediate and outer sheath cells enclose a large sensillar sinus, whereas the smaller ciliary sinus is enclosed by the inner sheath cell. The neurons are ensheathed successively by the inner, intermediate, and outer sheath cells.
Seasonal Patterns in Activity Rhythm and Foraging Ecology in the Neotropical Forest-Dwelling Ant, Odontomachus chelifer (Formicidae: Ponerinae)
Authors: Raimundo Rafael L G , Freitas André V L , Oliveira Paulo S 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
We provide qualitative and quantitative data on the natural history and foraging behavior of the ground-dwelling ant Odontomachus chelifer (Latreille) (Formicidae: Ponerinae) in a forest reserve in southeastern Brazil, with emphasis on colony activity rhythms and diet preferences in relation to seasonal availability of potential food items in the leaf litter. Ant colonies exhibited nocturnal activity throughout the year, and they foraged significantly more intensively in the wet/ warm (November–March) than in the cold/dry season (April–October). As the night begins, small groups of workers disperse and hunt individually on a wide diversity of litter arthropods of variable sizes. At dusk, encounters with foragers of the diurnal ponerine Pachycondyla striata Fr. Smith were conspicuously avoided by O. chelifer, which occasionally had their prey robbed by the former or were even taken as prey themselves. Termites were the preferred prey of O. chelifer, making up 40% of the food items captured in each season. Seasonal comparisons of prey organisms captured by O. chelifer, and of litter-dwelling arthropods sampled in pitfall traps, revealed that the frequency distribution of retrieved prey in each taxonomic group did not differ seasonally, despite the 2.7-fold increase in the overall availability of litter arthropods in the warm/wet period. This result supports foraging theory by showing that preference for certain animal prey types (i.e., taxonomic groups) persists through time despite seasonal fluctuations in the overall availability of potential prey on the forest floor. This study points out to the importance of studying ant foraging ecology and diet preferences in a natural context.
A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Novel Major Locus for Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes, as Measured by Both A1C and Glucose
Authors: Paterson Andrew D. , Waggott Daryl , Boright Andrew P. , Hosseini S. Mohsen , Shen Enqing , Sylvestre Marie-Pierre , Wong Isidro , Bharaj Bhupinder , Cleary Patricia A. , Lachin John M. ,   MAGIC (Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium), Below Jennifer E. , Nicolae Dan , Cox Nancy J. , Canty Angelo J. , Sun Lei , Bull Shelley B. ,   the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVEGlycemia is a major risk factor for the development of long-term complications in type 1 diabetes; however, no specific genetic loci have been identified for glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes. To identify such loci in type 1 diabetes, we analyzed longitudinal repeated measures of A1C from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe performed a genome-wide association study using the mean of quarterly A1C values measured over 6.5 years, separately in the conventional (n = 667) and intensive (n = 637) treatment groups of the DCCT. At loci of interest, linear mixed models were used to take advantage of all the repeated measures. We then assessed the association of these loci with capillary glucose and repeated measures of multiple complications of diabetes.RESULTSWe identified a major locus for A1C levels in the conventional treatment group near SORCS1 (10q25.1, P = 7 × 10−10), which was also associated with mean glucose (P = 2 × 10−5). This was confirmed using A1C in the intensive treatment group (P = 0.01). Other loci achieved evidence close to genome-wide significance: 14q32.13 (GSC) and 9p22 (BNC2) in the combined treatment groups and 15q21.3 (WDR72) in the intensive group. Further, these loci gave evidence for association with diabetic complications, specifically SORCS1 with hypoglycemia and BNC2 with renal and retinal complications. We replicated the SORCS1 association in Genetics of Diabetes in Kidneys (GoKinD) study control subjects (P = 0.01) and the BNC2 association with A1C in nondiabetic individuals.CONCLUSIONSA major locus for A1C and glucose in individuals with diabetes is near SORCS1. This may influence the design and analysis of genetic studies attempting to identify risk factors for long-term diabetic complications.
Assessing diagnostic applicability of heat release characteristics determined based on ship engine indicator diagrams
Authors: Polanowski Stanisław 
Published: October 2009

Assessing diagnostic applicability of heat release characteristics determined based on ship engine indicator diagrams
In order to determine indicator diagrams-based heat release characteristics, a single-zone model of net heat release was used for perfect gas. It was proved that when a constant value for isentropic exponent is assumed, the error in determining the characteristics can be limited to 1% at the nominal load. The effect of errors in determining the position of piston TDC, as well as that of gas passages and indicator valves on the calculated characteristics was evaluated. It was shown that for low-speed engines the effect of gas passages in negligible, while for medium-speed engines the characteristics reveal some deformations (waves), which are repeatable for an individual cylinder in the examined engine construction. The results of the performed investigations and analyses suggest possibility and advisability of the use of heat release characteristics in diagnosing ship engines, in particular low-speed machines.
Occurrence probability of maximum sea levels in Polish ports of Baltic Sea coast
Authors: Wisniewski Bernard , Wolski Tomasz 
Published: October 2009

Occurrence probability of maximum sea levels in Polish ports of Baltic Sea coast
In this work long-term probability of occurrence of maximum sea levels in some points of Polish Baltic Sea coast, was determined. Use was made of multi-year series of measurement data on maximum yearly sea levels, and their probability distributions were determined. To the analysis Gumbel's distribution and Pearson distribution of 3rd type as well as quantile methods and the highest credibility method, were applied. Kolmogorov test was used to examine conformity of the theoretical distributions with real random variable distribution. As results from the analysis, the highest sea levels of 1000- year return period can be expected in Polish ports of the west part of the coast, i.e. Kolobrzeg (750, 2 cm, i.e. 2,5 m above the average sea level) and Swinoujscie (723,6 cm). Lower sea levels of the same return period can be expected in Ustka (720,2 cm), Wladyslawowo (709,7 cm) and Gdansk (716, 7 cm), respectively.
Flood threat to the territories below the water dam in conditions of occurrence of extreme hydrological phenomena
Authors: Madeyski Marek , Michalec Bogusław , Tarnawski Marek 
Published: October 2009

Flood threat to the territories below the water dam in conditions of occurrence of extreme hydrological phenomena
The course of the flood in July 2001 and passage of the freshet wave through the water reservoir Chańcza on the Czarna Staszowska River was analyzed. Culmination of this wave equaling 418.62 m3·s-1 was two times higher than the estimated flow of 1% probability for what the reservoir was designed. Water management during the flood forced a higher than forecast water discharge during culmination. The paper aims at determination of water level situation on the territory at maximum water discharge from the reservoir during the flood equaling 122.75 m3·s-1 and showing possibilities of flood threat reduction. The range of the inundation zone at this discharge flow on the territory below the dam at the length of 3 km was determined taking into regard the influence of vegetation in the valley and in the zone adjacent the channel and bridge. The cause of inundation of the valley on the studied river sector is a rather low channel capacity equaling from 20-60 m3·s-1. It was found that the bridge does not influence the leveling of the analyzed flow and the reserve in the bridge light, determined as the difference of ordinate of the underlay of the span beam and ordinate of the water level under the bridge 0.92 m. Calculations of the channel capacity were also carried out in the case of renovation treatments consisting in removing stiff and soft vegetation and decrease in the inundation range of the valley was demonstrated.
Nucleation and growth during primary recrystallization of certain metals and alloys with a face-centered cubic structure: Formation of the cube texture
Authors: Penelle Richard 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
After reviewing the seminal results of the work of Charles Crussard in the field of metal recrystallization, the remainder of this overview will be devoted to the origin and development of cube texture in the Fe-36 %Ni alloy. For this purpose, the macrotexture was characterized via X-ray and neutron diffraction. The microtexture and microstructure were analyzed using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The deformation energy stored by the dislocations (the driving force for recrystallization) was calculated based on the measurement of the broadening of the neutron diffraction peaks. After cold-rolling, the cube grains store less deformation energy than the aggregate of grains having other orientations and also exhibit a cellular microstructure. These two parameters account to a large extent for the formation and rapid growth of cube nuclei.
Oxidation of palladium: from single crystal surfaces towards nanoparticles
Authors: Stierle Andreas 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
This overview highlights recent results on the oxidation of Pd obtained on low-index and vicinal single crystal surfaces as well as epitaxial Pd nanoparticles on MgO(100). The emphasis is put on X-ray diffraction experiments, which were conducted in-situ during oxidation at elevated temperatures and near atmospheric pressure. On Pd(100) the formation of an ultrathin surface oxide layer with a superstructure was observed. This layer represents a considerable kinetic barrier against PdO bulk oxide formation. A similar surface oxide forms on the Pd(553) vicinal surface after oxygen-induced faceting into (332) and (111) oriented areas. In contrast to this, Pd nanoparticles on MgO(100) below a diameter of 10 nm undergo continuous oxidation without passivation layer formation, pointing to a much higher reactivity and a lowering of kinetic barriers. These differences in the oxidation behavior give evidence for a breakdown of classical oxidation theory on the nanoscale.
Alleviation of off-period dystonia in Parkinson disease by a microlesion following subthalamic implantation
Authors: Derrey Stéphane , Lefaucheur Romain , Chastan Nathalie , Gérardin Emmanuel , Hannequin Didier , Desbordes Marie , Maltête David 
Published: October 2009

Object
A collision/implantation or microlesion effect is commonly described after subthalamic nucleus (STN) implantation for high-frequency stimulation, and this is presumed to reflect disruption of cells and/or fibers. Off-period dystonia, a frequent cause of disability in patients with advanced Parkinson disease, can lead to the need for surgical treatment. The authors assessed the early effect of this microlesion on off-period dystonia.

Methods
The authors assessed 30 consecutive patients with the advanced levodopa-responsive form of Parkinson disease. The patients' symptoms were Hoehn and Yahr Scale score ≥ 3, the mean duration of their disease was 11.4 ± 3.5 years, and they had undergone bilateral implantation of electrodes within the STN for high-frequency stimulation between February 2004 and December 2006. The microlesion effect was defined by the clinical improvement (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale [UPDRS] Part III score, UPDRS Part IV, item 35) assessed the morning of the 3rd day following STN implantation, after at least a 12-hour withdrawal of dopaminergic treatment and before the programmable pulse generator was switched on (off-drug/off-stimulation mode).

Results
Compared with baseline (off state), the microlesion effect improved the motor score (UPDRS Part III) by 27%. Subscores for tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia respectively improved by 42, 37, and 25%. Nineteen patients (63%) suffered from off-period dystonia before surgery. Twelve (41%) reported complete relief of their symptoms in the immediate postoperative period and remained free of painful off-period dystonia throughout the 6-month follow-up period.

Conclusions
The author postulated that off-period dystonia alleviation may reflect both a microsubthalamotomy and micropallidotomy effect. They hypothesize, moreover, that the microlesion could play a role in the 6-month postoperative outcome.
Management of osteoblastoma and osteoid osteoma of the spine in childhood
Authors: Burn Sasha C. , Ansorge Olaf , Zeller Reinhard , Drake James M. 
Published: October 2009

Object
Osteoid osteomas and osteoblastoma of the spine are rare lesions in childhood, and management strategies have changed. The authors reviewed their recent experience with these 2 types of lesions to elucidate current treatment modalities and outcomes.

Methods
Case records and radiographic images from all cases of osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma diagnosed between 1993 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed, including those managed nonsurgically.

Results
Thirty cases were identified; 22 were treated surgically and 8 were managed nonsurgically. The patients' mean age at presentation was 13 years (range 3–17 years). Of 30 patients, 29 (97%) presented with pain; 7 (23%) had scoliosis at presentation; 12 (40%) experienced relief with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication. Osteoid osteoma was diagnosed in 7 (32%) of the 22 patients who underwent surgery, and osteoblastoma in 15 (68%). Nine (41%) of the 22 surgically treated patients underwent fusion procedures (bone onlay or instrumentation) at the time of surgery. Pain freedom without medication had been achieved in 16 (73%) of the 22 surgically treated patients at a mean follow-up of 28 months (range 2–75 months) and was confirmed in 3 (38%) of the 8 nonsurgically treated patients at a mean follow-up of 33 months (range 24–51 months).

Conclusions
Osteoid osteomas and osteoblastomas can present challenging management problems in pediatric patients. In the majority of cases in which conservative therapy fails or pathological diagnosis is required, surgery using modern intraoperative imaging and spinal instrumentation can provide symptom relief and tumor control.
Microvascular decompression in patients with isolated maxillary division trigeminal neuralgia, with particular attention to venous pathology
Authors: Sekula Raymond F. , Frederickson Andrew M. , Jannetta Peter J. , Bhatia Sanjay , Quigley Matthew R. , Abdel Aziz Khaled M. 
Published: October 2009

Object
The authors have the clinical impression that patients with isolated V2, or maxillary division, trigeminal neuralgia (TN) are most often women of a younger age with atypical pain features and a predominance of venous compression as the pathology. The aim of this study was to evaluate a specific subgroup of patients with V2 TN.

Methods
Among 120 patients who underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) for TN in 2007, data were available for 114; 6 patients were lost to follow-up. Patients were stratified according to typical (Burchiel Type 1), mixed (Burchiel Type 2a), or atypical (Burchiel Type 2b) TN. A pain-free status without medication was used to determine the efficacy of MVD. All patients were contacted in June 2008 and again in January 2009 at 12–24 months after surgery (median 18.4 months) and asked to rate their response to MVD as excellent (complete pain relief without medication), fair (complete pain relief with medication or some relief with or without medication), or poor (continued pain despite medication; that is, no change from their preoperative baseline pain status.

Results
Of 114 patients, 14 (12%) had isolated V2 TN. Among these 14 were 2 typical (14%), 1 mixed (7%), and 11 atypical cases (79%) of TN. Among the remaining 100 cases were 37 typical (37%), 14 mixed (14%), and 49 atypical cases (49%) of TN. In the isolated V2 TN group, all patients were women as compared with 72% of women in the larger group of 100 patients (p = 0.05, chi-square test). The average age in the isolated V2 TN group was 51.2 years (median 48.1 years) versus 54.2 years (median 54.0 years) in the remainder of the group (p = NS, unpaired Student t-test). In the isolated V2 TN group, there was a predominance of atypical pain cases (79%) versus 49% in the remainder of the group, and this finding trended toward statistical significance (p = 0.07, chi-square test). Venous contact or compression (partly or wholly) was noted in 93% of the patients with isolated V2 versus 69% of the remainder of the group (p = 0.13, chi-square test). The likelihood of excellent outcomes in the patients with V2 TN (71%) was compared with that in typical pain cases (79%) among patients in the rest of the group (that is, the bestoutcome group), and no difference was found between the 2 groups (p = 0.8, chi-square test).

Conclusions
The authors confirmed that patients with isolated V2 TN were more likely to be female, tended toward an atypical pain classification with venous pathology at surgery, and fared just as well as those presenting with typical pain.