bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Discourse Coherence: Variations in Genre Performance in Children with Language Impairment
Authors: Bliss Lynn S. , McCabe Allyssa 
Published: March 2009

Background: The purpose of this investigation was to compare the discourse coherence of 36 children with language impairment (LI) who produced 3 types of genres: scripts, personal narratives, and procedural discourse. Method: The children described in random order a routine activity, personal experience, and a favorite game. The genres were analyzed for length, syntactic complexity, topic maintenance, informativeness, and fluency. Results: Scripts resulted in short, simple, and fluent utterances. Personal narratives and procedural discourse were similar in their length, informativeness, and fluency. Procedures were more syntactically complex and on topic than personal narratives. Conclusions: Children with LI are influenced by discourse genre. Clinical Implications: Different discourse genres should be compared in clinical assessments. Intervention should include different discourse genres in order to maximize a child's social, communicative, and classroom discourse.
Effect of Organic and Mineral Soil Fractions on Sorption Behaviour of Chlorophenol and Triazine Micropollutants
Authors: Stipičević Sanja , Fingler Sanja , Drevenkar Vlasta 
Published: March 2009

Effect of Organic and Mineral Soil Fractions on Sorption Behaviour of Chlorophenol and Triazine Micropollutants
This article compares the sorption behaviour of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, chlorotriazine atrazine, methylthiotriazine ametryn, methoxytriazine atratone, hydroxyatrazine, and didelakylated atrazine in a topsoil and an aquifer sediment before and after removal of sorbent organic matter and in humic acid. Freundlich isotherm coefficients K
f and 1/n and free energy change (δG°) were calculated for all compounds in all sorbents. According to sorbent pH values, chlorophenolate anions and uncharged triazine species dominated in all sorption experiments with topsoil and aquifer sediment. In experiments with humic acid, chlorophenols, atrazine, and didealkylated atrazine existed almost completely as neutral species, whereas protonated species dominated for hydroxyatrazine, atratone, and ametryn. In addition to a hydrophobic partition, sorption of all compounds in native soil and sediment sorbents includes specific, more polar interactions, which greatly depend on sorbate acidity/basicity, specific properties of the sorbent organic matter and of mineral surface, as well as on the system pH. A significantly greater sorption intensity of all compounds in "organic-free" than in the native aquifer sediment confirmed the importance and possible dominance of mineral surface in the sorption process. Sorption intensity of chlorophenol and triazine compounds in humic acid was closely related to compound hydrophobicity. Greater sorption of almost completely protonated hydroxyatrazine than of the more hydropohobic but uncharged atrazine indicated different humic acid reaction sites for two compounds and consequently different sorption mechanisms.
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) in Serum in Relation to Blood Lead Concentration and Alcohol Consumption in Men
Authors: Pizent Alica , Čolak Božo , Kljaković Zorana , Telišman Spomenka 
Published: March 2009

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) in Serum in Relation to Blood Lead Concentration and Alcohol Consumption in Men
The combined influence of age, smoking, alcohol, blood lead and cadmium concentrations, and serum copper, zinc, and selenium concentrations on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum was investigated in a group of 57 men aged 21 years to 40 years. The subjects had no occupational exposure to metals and no other known reasons suspected of influencing prostate function or metal metabolism. No significant correlation was found between PSA and any of the explanatory variables considered. Nevertheless, when taking into account all of the above-mentioned potentially explanatory variables, the results of stepwise multiple regression showed a significant increase in PSA with respect to an increase in blood lead, and a decrease in PSA with respect to an increase in intensity of alcohol consumption. The median and range values of blood lead concentration in the 57 men were 26.0 μg L-1 and (10.1 to 108.0) μg L-1, respectively. These results suggest that even a low-level environmental lead exposure, common for general populations worldwide, may contribute to the risk of prostate cancer in men. The influence of lead as well as cadmium, zinc, and selenium on prostate damage and PSA should be further investigated in relatively young men for the purpose of disease prevention.
Effect of magnitude and direction of force on laryngeal abduction: Implications for the nerve‐muscle pedicle graft technique
Authors: CRAMP P. , DERKSEN F. J. , STICK J. A. , DE FEIJTER‐RUPP H. , ELVIN N. G. , HAUPTMAN J. , ROBINSON N. E. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryReasons for performing study: The nerve‐muscle pedicle graft technique is a treatment for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN), but the optimal placement of the pedicles within thecricoarytenoideus dorsalis(CAD) muscle is unknown.Hypothesis: The magnitude and direction of force placed on the muscular process of the left arytenoid cartilage affects the magnitude of laryngeal abduction.Methods: Five larynges were harvested from cadavers. Using increments of 0.98 N, a dead‐weight force generator applied a force of 0–14.7 N for 1 min each to the left muscular process at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70° angles. Therima glottiswas photographed digitally 1 min after each force had been applied. Distances between biomarkers (Lines 1–4) and right to left angle quotient (RLQ) were used to assess the degree of left arytenoid abduction.Results: Increasing force from 0–14.7 N progressively and significantly increased the length of all lines and RLQ, indicating abduction. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between force and angles. Applying forces of 7.84 N or greater (Lines 2–4 and RLQ) or 11.76 N or greater (Line 1) at angles 0, 10, 20 and 30° resulted in significantly greater abduction than applying the same forces at 40, 50, 60 and 70°. Angles of 0–30° correspond with the direction of pull exerted by the lateral compartment of the CAD muscle.Conclusion: In RLN, nerve‐muscle pedicle grafts should be placed preferentially in the lateral rather than in the medial compartment of the CAD muscle.Potential relevance: The information presented can be used to assist surgeons in the planning and application of the nerve‐muscle pedicle graft procedure.
Simultaneous presence of a seminoma and a leiomyoma in the testes of a horse
Authors: Weiermayer P. , Richter B. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryAn 18‐year‐old stallion was presented for castration because of insidious, bilateral scrotal enlargement of one year's duration. The left testis was firm, while the right was soft and lobulated; both were larger than normal. Palpation of the scrotum and its contents did not cause the horse to show signs of discomfort. Ultrasonography of scrotal contents revealed abnormal, heterogeneous tissue with ill defined regions of hyper‐ and hypoechogenity throughout both testes. Several hours after admission the horse developed severe signs of colic. On the basis of anamnesis, clinical findings, and results of ultrasonography and transrectal palpation bilateral testicular neoplasia and incarcerated inguinal hernia were tentatively diagnosed. Because the horse's owner did not consent to surgical treatment, the stallion was subjected to euthanasia. Histological and immunohistochemical examination of the testicular tissue collectedpost mortemrevealed a seminoma in the left testis and a leiomyoma in the right testis. Thepost mortemexamination also revealed incarceration of the small intestine in addition to the testicular tumours. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the simultaneous presence of bilateral, yet different testicular tumour types in a stallion.
Cervical vertebral anomaly and ventricular septal defect in an Arabian foal
Authors: Crochik S. S. , Barton M. H. , Eggleston R. B. , Kent M. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryA male Arabian foal born with a cervical mass and no apparent clinical signs presented with a cervical vertebral anomaly and ventricular septal defect. Both congenital anomalies were diagnosed at age 3 weeks and rechecked at age 6 months with radiographs and ultrasonographic studies respectively. At 11 months, in addition to radiographs and Doppler ultrasonographic studies, a contrast ultrasonographic study andpost mortemmyelographic and computed tomographic studies of the cervical vertebral column revealed the appearance of this rare cervical vertebral anomaly and the severity of the ventricular septal defect. To the authors' knowledge, in the Arabian foal, both conditions have not been reported simultaneously in the same patient.
Antitumor effect of humanized anti–interleukin-6 receptor antibody (tocilizumab) on glioma cell proliferation
Authors: Kudo Mareina , Jono Hirofumi , Shinriki Satoru , Yano Shigetoshi , Nakamura Hideo , Makino Keishi , Hide Takuichiro , Muta Daisuke , Ueda Mitsuharu , Ota Kazutoshi , Ando Yukio , Kuratsu Jun-ichi 
Published: March 2009

Object
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates diverse physiological functions, including cell proliferation and survival. Recent studies have shown that IL-6 expression is often elevated in response to several types of glioma. Although IL-6 is said to play an important role in glioma, the involvement of IL-6 signaling has been quite controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of IL-6 signaling in glioma and the inhibitory effect of IL-6 signaling on glioma tumor proliferation.

Methods
The expression of IL-6 receptors (IL-6Rs) was evaluated in glioma tissues by means of immunohistochemical analysis, and the involvement of IL-6 signaling in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) U87MG cell proliferation was also determined. In addition, to examine the inhibitory effect of IL-6 signaling on glioma cell proliferation, the authors investigated the effects of tocilizumab, the humanized anti–human IL-6R antibody in U87MG cells.

Results
Increased immunoreactivity for IL-6R was predominantly found in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells in all GBM samples. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling by both IL-6– and IL-6R–specific small interfering RNA and AG490, a specific inhibitor of JAK2 phosphorylation, suppressed glioma cell proliferation. Furthermore, tocilizumab, a clinically developed humanized anti–human IL-6R antibody, exerted an antiproliferative effect on cells from the GBM cell line U87MG via the IL-6R–dependent JAK-STAT3 pathway.

Conclusions
The IL-6 signaling pathway plays an important role in glioma cell proliferation, and tocilizumab exerts an antitumor effect in U87MG glioma cells. These results may bring new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of glioma and may lead to a new therapeutic intervention.
Snow depth derived from passive microwave remote-sensing data in China
Authors: Che Tao , Li Xin , Jin Rui , Armstrong Richard , Zhang Tingjun 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this study, we report on the spatial and temporal distribution of seasonal snow depth derived from passive microwave satellite remote-sensing data (e.g. SMMR from 1978 to 1987 and SMM/ I from 1987 to 2006) in China. We first modified the Chang algorithm and then validated it using meteorological observation data, considering the influences from vegetation, wet snow, precipitation, cold desert and frozen ground. Furthermore, the modified algorithm is dynamically adjusted based on the seasonal variation of grain size and snow density. Snow-depth distribution is indirectly validated by MODIS snow-cover products by comparing the snow-extent area from this work. The final snow-depth datasets from 1978 to 2006 show that the interannual snow-depth variation is very significant. The spatial and temporal distribution of snow depth is illustrated and discussed, including the steady snow-cover regions in China and snow-mass trend in these regions. Though the areal extent of seasonal snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere indicates a weak decrease over a long period, there is no clear trend in change of snow-cover area extent in China. However, snow mass over the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and northwestern China has increased, while it has weakly decreased in northeastern China. Overall, snow depth in China during the past three decades shows significant interannual variation, with a weak increasing trend.
Post-depositional modification of stable water isotopes in winter snowpacks in the Canadian Rocky Mountains
Authors: Sinclair K.E. , Marshall S.J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo assess the seasonal stability of the δ18O stratigraphy in winter snowpacks in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, snow pits were sampled over three accumulation seasons at two field sites. These sites, Opabin and Haig Glaciers, are ~160km apart at similar elevations and represent windward and lee-slope environments respectively. At both sites, snow pits were sampled at one glacier and one forefield location throughout each accumulation season. Intra-seasonal changes in δ18O at each site were examined to determine the extent of post-depositional modification of isotope stratigraphies. At both glacier sites, there was minimal temporal change before the onset of spring melt in all years. In addition, the similar structure of δ18O profiles from both glacier sites suggests that regional controls govern the isotopic composition of solid-phase precipitation across the study area. At forefield locations, the absence of an insulating layer of ice at the base of the snowpack allowed for vapour transport and post-depositional modification of the seasonal δ18O signal. This did not result in consistent changes to the mean δ18O, deuterium excess and δD–δ18O regression line slopes in the lower layers of snow, and the observed smoothing of δ18O profiles was less than that simulated by applying a diffusion model to these snowpacks.
Effect of Particle Size of Quartz on Bending Strength of Porcelain
Authors: Mustafi Sonjida , Ahsan Mainul , Dewan AH 
Published: March 2009

The bending strength of porcelain body has been experimentally studied because of its economic importance in ceramic industry. The maximum bending strength is obtained in the < 44Î¼ particle sized quartz containing porcelain at 1300Â°C. The distribution of closed pores, their geometric shapes and possible link with each other control the bending strength of the ceramic body. The presence of unmelted fine quartz grains in the ceramic body also increases the bending strength. It has been found that the bending strength increases with increasing bulk density of the ceramic bodies and the firing temperature up to 1300Â°C, but at temperature above 1300Â°C, the bending strength decreases due to bloating of isolated pores and the disappearance of quartz, which are also associated with a decrease in bulk density. The purpose of this study is to investigate on the differential changes of bending strength of porcelain bodies upon using quartz of various grain sizes at different firing temperatures. Key Words: Particle size, Quartz, Bending strength, Firing temperature and bulk density. Â Â doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2244 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4), 537-544, 2008
Method for predicting solubilities of solids in mixed solvents
Authors: Ellegaard Martin E. , Abildskov Jens , O'Connell John P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA method is presented for predicting solubilities of solid solutes in mixed solvents, based on excess Henry's law constants. The basis is statistical mechanical fluctuation solution theory for composition derivatives of solute/solvent infinite dilution activity coefficients. Suitable approximations are made for a single parameter characterizing solute/solvent interactions. Comparisons with available data show that the method is successful in describing a variety of observed mixed solvent solubility behavior, including nearly ideal systems with small excess solubilities, systems with solute‐independent excess solubilities, and systems deviating from these simple rules. Successful predictions for new solvent mixtures can be made using limited data from other mixtures. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Reactions in Water Using a DNA‐Based Catalyst
Authors: Boersma Arnold J. , Feringa Ben L. , Roelfes Gerard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIns kühle Nass: Bei der ersten Lewis‐Säure‐katalysierten asymmetrischen Friedel‐Crafts‐Alkylierung mit Olefinen in Wasser genügen schon 0.15 Mol‐% eines DNA‐Kupfer‐Katalysators, um in der Reaktion von α,β‐ungesättigten 2‐Acylimidazolen mit heteroaromatischen π‐Nucleophilen gute Ausbeuten und Enantioselektivitäten zu erzielen (siehe Schema; dmbpy=4,4′‐Dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridin).magnified image
Use of lignin strengthened with modified wheat gluten in biodegradable composites
Authors: El‐Wakil Nahla A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this study, composites from alkali lignin and wheat gluten, modified with different percentages of sodium silicate, were prepared and characterized. Moreover, the addition of silica to the aforementioned composites was studied with the aim of improving the thermal and mechanical properties. The effect of wheat gluten percent and the extent of its modification on the blends properties were investigated via diametric tensile strength, thermomechanical analysis (TMA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thickness swelling and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed significant improvement in the diametric tensile strength, thickness swelling, uniformity in the fracture surface, and the shift of glass transition temperature (Tg) toward higher values with increasing wheat gluten percent and its modification extent. These results reflect the enhancement of interaction between alkali lignin and wheat gluten. Alkali lignin/wheat gluten blends filled with silica possessed distinguishable characteristics and improved diametric tensile strength, low thermal expansion, and high Tg. Interestingly, TMA results showed that high dimensional stability against heating (thermal expansion percent) could be obtained using 60% wheat gluten modified with 15% sodium silicate and filled with 10% silica. This sample showed the highest Tg and the lowest thickness swelling in addition to smooth, uniform, and glossy surface as shown from the SEM images and TMA charts. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Copper (II) ions and copper nanoparticles‐loaded chemically modified cotton cellulose fibers with fair antibacterial properties
Authors: Mary Grace , Bajpai S. K. , Chand Navin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis work describes the release of copper(II) ions from cellulose fibers, which have been chemically modified by periodate‐induced oxidation of cellulose, followed by covalent attachment of biopolymer chitosan. The release of copper(II) ions has been investigated in physiological fluid (PF) and protein solution (PS) both at 37°C. Fibers have demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity againstE. coli. Finally, their borohydride‐induced reduction has yielded copper nanoparticle‐loaded fibers, with average diameter of particles, nearly 28.94 nm. The formation of copper nanoparticles has been established by surface plasmon resonance and FTIR spectroscopy. These fibers also show fair biocidal action againstE. coli. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A spreadsheet model for soccer ball flight mechanics simulation
Authors: Spathopoulos Vassilios M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA mathematical model implemented in a spreadsheet environment is presented for a soccer ball in flight. The simulation is used as part of a project designed to introduce students to basic concepts in the field of flight mechanics. Results are presented for a free kick under various conditions and are consistent to previous studies and to the physical principles governing soccer ball motion in the air. It is concluded that a relatively simple model can be used in order to simulate key aspects of a game of great popularity thus providing students with increased motivation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 508–513, 2011
An experimental study of non‐newtonian fluid flow through fixed and fluidized beds of non‐spherical particles
Authors: Sharma M. K. , Chhabra R. P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractExtensive measurements of pressure drop in fixed beds, minimum fluidization velocity and expansion characteristics for beds of non‐spherical particles are reported in the following ranges of conditions: 10‐3 ≤ Re ≤ 20; 0.66 ≤ n ≤ 1 and 0.41 ≤ ϵ ≤ 0.75. Based on an analysis of these results, it is illustrated that the existing frameworks originally developed for Newtonian fluid flow through beds of spherical particles are also satisfactory for power law fluid flow through beds of non‐spherical particles, provided a volume equivalent diameter modified by a sphericity factor and a modified Reynolds number are used instead of their usual definitions.
Evaluation of capital cost data: Part 9: Liquid waste disposal with emphasis on chemical treatment
Authors: Wright David G. , Woods Donald R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCapital cost correlations are given for chemical feed systems, chlorination, ozone disinfection, ultraviolet light disinfection, ion exchange, flocculation, and carbon adsorption. Most of the correlations are accurate to ± 30%, expressed in Canadian dollars and adjusted to a Marshall and Swift value of 1000. Details as to what components are included in the cost are given. Data are given for the labour and material costs to create a working process module.To put the current data into perspective, several hundred sources of cost data were analyzed. The major correlations are compared, on a consistent basis, with current data.
Kinetics of the cooling crystallization of sodium sesquisulfate from 4.5 mol/l sulfuric acid
Authors: Nyakiamo Anthony P. , Pinder Kenneth L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSimulating effluent from chlorine dioxide generators, the crystallization kinetics of sodium sesquisulfate from 4.5 mol/L sulfuric acid were studied under cooling conditions. The crystal growth and nucleation rates were determined using the population balance concept and the crystal size distribution from a continuous mixed suspension mixed product removal (MSMPR) crystallizer. Crystallization temperatures studied were 45, 50, 55 and 60°C.The crystal growth and nucleation rate data were correlated to supersaturation and temperature. Nucleation rate was found to be a function of suspension density (secondary nucleation). The activation energies for nucleation and growth are reported.
Cell growth kinetics and ice nucleation activity of pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Bassi Amarjeet S. , Margaritis Argyrios 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe bacterium Pseudomonas syringae causes freezing of supercooled water at temperatures close to 0°C. In this study, the growth kinetics and ice nucleation activity (INA) of the bacterium P. syringae pv. syringae cit 7 were investigated in a batch and continuously operated laboratory scale bioreactor system. Under continuous culture conditions, the bacterial INA decreased with an increase in dilution rate. The maximum biomass and INA productivities were obtained at a dilution rate of 0.054 hr−1 at 25°C and pH 7.0. The results of this investigation can be applied towards the large scale production of P. syringae bacteria for snow making and other commercial applications of ice nucleation.