bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformation and energy of dry snow slabs prior to fracture propagation
Authors: Mcclung D.M. , Borstad C.P. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSnow slab avalanches primarily release by propagation of shear fractures within thin weak layers under thicker slabs. The weak layer is typically on the order of 1 mm thick and fails in mode II. In some cases, the weak layer is thicker and there may be a need to consider slope-normal deformation as part of the energy condition prior to rapid propagation. In this paper, field measurements from shear fracture initiation and high-speed films are combined to consider the effects of slope-normal deformation on bending of the slab prior to propagation and its relation to the propagation condition. Slab bending is modelled using two limiting cases: (1) a uniformly loaded beam supported by a deforming weak layer, analogous to a Winkler foundation, and (2) a uniformly loaded unsupported cantilevered beam. The experimental and analytical results suggest that slab bending prior to fracture initiation is small or negligible. Two previous approaches to modelling slab avalanche initiation involving slab bending are discussed. Both models proposed strong slab-bending effects prior to initiation, which conflicts with our results. Our field observations and modelling both show that strong bending is a dynamic effect following slope-parallel weak-layer fracture initiation.
A Postmortem Study on the Volume of the Human Thyroid Gland
Authors: Nurunnabi ASM , Ara S , Jahan MU 
Published: April 2012

The present study was designed to find out the difference in volume of the thyroid gland of Bangladeshi people in relation to age and sex and to compare with previous local and foreign studies. It was a Cross-sectional descriptive type of study. The hospital based study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January to December 2008. The present study was performed on 60 post mortem human thyroid gland (39 of male and 21 of female) collected from unclaimed dead bodies which were in the morgue under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including group A (10-20 years), group B (21-50 years) & group C (>50 years) and the volume of the thyroid glands were measured by fluid displacement method and recorded. No difference was found in mean volume of the thyroid gland between male and female. However, significant difference was found in between age groups. The volume of the gland was found to increase from early childhood and puberty up to 50 years of age and then decreased. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i1.10444 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38: 6-8
Elevated serum homocysteine level has a positive correlation with serum cardiac troponin I in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Alam N , Khan HILR , Chowdhury AW , Haque MS , Ali MS , Sabah KMN , Amin MG 
Published: April 2012

The objective of the present study is to find out whether the increased serum homocysteine level is associated with the increased serum troponin I as a surrogate marker of extent of myocardial injury in acute myocardial infarction patients. Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with increased thrombosis. In patients presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), it is not known whether this association is reflected in the degree of myocardial injury. This was a cross sectional study conducted among the patients with acute myocardial infarction in the Department of Cardiology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital during the period of October 2009 to September 2010 and which included 194 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction. The mean (±SD) serum homocysteine level was 20.2±14.3 ?mol/L with range from 7.4 to 129.1 ?mol/L. Mean serum troponin-I level was classified according to normal (<15?mol/L) and high (?15?mol/L) levels of serum homocysteine values. The mean serum troponin-I level was 8.9±8.6 ng/ml in the patients having normal serum homocysteine level and 18.4±6.5 ng/ml in the patients having high serum homocysteine level. A significant positive correlation (r=0.273; p<0.001) was found between serum troponin-I level with homocysteine level. Patients with moderate hyperhomocysteinemia (?15 ?mol/L) was found to be 7.09 times more likely to have increased serum troponin-I (a surrogate marker of extent of myocardial injury). The main observation of the present study was that elevated serum homocysteine level has a positive correlation with serum cardiac troponin-I in patients with acute myocardial infarction. So serum homocysteine is associated with increased extent of myocardial injury as measured by serum cardiac troponin-I level, a surrogate marker in patients with acute myocardial infarction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i1.10445 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38: 9-13
Comparison between prostate volume and intravesical prostatic protrusion in detecting bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Hossain AKMS , Alam AKMK , Habib AKMK , Rashid MM , Rahman H , Islam AKMA , Jahan MU 
Published: April 2012

The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the correlation of intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) and prostate volume (PV) with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). This study was conducted in the department of urology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, between July 2009 to September 2010. Fifty benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients were included in the study. Their evaluation consisted of history along with International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), digital rectal examination (DRE), transabdominal ultrasonography to measure prostate volume, intravesical prostatic protrusion & post voidal residual (PVR) urine and pressure-flow studies to detect bladder outflow obstruction (BOO). Statistical analysis included Unpaired t test, Chisquare test and Spearmans Rank correlation test. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the correlation of PV and IPP with BOO. Mean prostate volume was significantly larger in bladder outlet obstructed patients (P<0.05). Mean IPP was significantly greater in obstructed patients (P<0.001). Area under ROC curve was 0.700 for PV and 0.821 for IPP. Prostate volume & intravesical prostatic protrusion measured through transabdominal ultrasonography are noninvasive and accessible method that significantly correlates with bladder outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and the correlation of IPP is much more stronger than that of prostate volume. Introduction Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases in elderly men. The prevalence of histological BPH increases with age and appears in approximately 40% of men aged 50- 60 years and in approximately 90% of men aged more than 80 years1. Benign prostatic hyperplasia may lead to prostatic enlargement, bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). But the symptoms and obstruction do not entirely depend on prostates size. In contrast, intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) has been found to correlate with BOO2. IPP is a morphological change due to overgrowth of prostatic median and lateral lobes into the bladder and may lead to diskinetic movement of bladder during voiding. This IPP would cause more obstruction than if there were no protrusion and just enlargement of lateral lobes, as the strong bladder contraction could force open a channel between the lobes3. Several studies have previously demonstrated that the ultrasonographic measurement of IPP is able to detect BOO in BPH patients quickly and non-invasively4. This study was designed to diagnose BOO through non-invasive methods and aimed to define the correlationDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i1.10446 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38: 14-17
Toxicological studies of Darvyadi Kvatha Curna using albino rats
Authors: Yasmin Dilshad , Choudhuri MSK , Uddin Riaz 
Published: April 2012

Darvyadi Kvatha Curna (DVY), is an Ayurvedic preparation which is used in leucorrhoea in the rural population as a traditional medicine. This Ayurvedic preparation was administered chronically to the male and female rats to explore the toxicological characteristics of this preparation. After the administration of DVY preparation for a period of 45 days, the following biochemical parameters (protein, albumin.triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, HDL, creatinine, uric acid, urea, and bilirubin) in the plasma of both the male and female rats were determined. In the study the total protein content in the plasma was increased (2.75%) in the DVY treated male rats. The result showed no significant difference between the control and the DVY treated groups; but the p value, though was not significant yet it was noticeable (p=0.073). Interestingly, the albumin content was significantly increased (17.21%) in DVY treated male rats. In the female rats group the total protein and the albumin content in the plasma were also increased in comparison to their control groups. A statistically significant (13.46%) increase was noted only in the case of albumin. In the male rats there was a significant decrease in the Triglycerides content in the plasma. After chronic administration of the traditional medicine the triglyceride level was 31.15% decreased in male rats group. Also insignificant decrease was noted in the total Cholesterol and HDL content in the plasma with 4.12% and 1.07% decrease respectively. Besides insignificant increase was noted in the VLDL content in the plasma with 18.16% increase. But only in the case of the content of the LDL in plasma a significant decrease (12.72 % decr.) was noted. In the female rats there was a significant decrease in the Triglycerides content in the plasma. Here the test medicine also decreased the triglyceride level by 9.47% in female rats group. Also an insignificant decrease in the total Cholesterol, VLDL, LDL and HDL content in the plasma was noted with 4.12 %, 6.94 %, 2.46 % and 0.78 % decrease respectively. In the male rats there was a significant decrease (51.37 %) in the Bilirubin content in the plasma. In the female rats there was a significant increase (33.38 %) in the Bilirubin content in the plasma. There was an increase in the plasma creatinine (2.28 %) in the DVY treated male rats, though this increase was not significant, yet noticeable (p=0.072). On the contrary, a significant decrease in the urea (11.90%) content in plasma was noted. In female rats, there was a significant decrease in both the Creatinine (36.60 %) and Urea (7.72%) content in the plasma. It was observed that about 11.71% decrease in plasma uric acid content of DVY treated male rats in comparison to their control male rats which is statistically significant. It was observed that the female rats showed significant increase in the concentration of uric acid (11.68%) level in comparison to their control female rats.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i2.10438 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 4(2) 2011: 29-34
Risk factors and trends of common cancers in Bangladesh: Outcome of hospital based case control survey conducted in Dhaka city, Bangladesh
Authors: Shahriar Mohammad , Islam Rezaur Bin , Mahmood Abu Salek , Al Mamun Md Shamim , Nahar Syeda Sumsun , Sadiana Tasnim , Shahid Sanjida 
Published: April 2012

The present study aimed to provide information about the common cancer types and respective predisposing risk factors among the Bangladeshi cancer patients from different cancer hospitals located in Dhaka city. A survey is conducted to establish a relationship between common cancer types and predisposing risk factors. A nationwide representative sample of 610 Bangladeshi cancer patients were asked about their medical history, life-style, eating habit and genetic risk factors in relation to cancer prevention, as a part of omnibus survey. Interviews were conducted with 610 subjects (339 men and 271 women). Among the male, the leading cancers were lung (76 patients), followed by mouth and oropharynx (66 patients), stomach (41 patients) etc. Among the female, breast cancer (64 patients) ranked the topmost position, followed by cervix (48 patients), ovary (37 patients), mouth and oropharynx (34 patients). Among 11 risk factors among men candidates, the attributable fraction of cancer causing by tobacco smoking was considered highest (68.14%), followed by betel leaf (67.55%). For most risk factors, attributable fraction responses were higher in women than in men. 14 risk factors among women cancer patients, the attributable fraction of cancer causing by viral and bacterial diseases (39.10%) was highest, followed by obesity (37.10%) and then chronic disease (37.03%) excluding food habit. Our results suggest that awareness of the attributable fraction of cancer causes in the Bangladeshi cancer patient tends to be dominated by tobacco smoking, food habit, cancer causing infection, men and women hygiene, and reproductive history among females rather than genetic factors.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i2.10439 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 4(2) 2011: 35-41
Preparation and comparative evaluation of liquisolid compacts and solid dispersions of Valsartan
Authors: Lakshmi PK , Srinivas Ch , Kalpana B 
Published: April 2012

The aim of the present study was to increase the solubility of a poorly water soluble BCS class II drug, valsartan. Liquisolid technology and solid dispersion by kneading method were techniques used to improve the solubility of the drug by using non-volatile solvents and some hydrophilic carriers. Liquisolid compacts were prepared by dissolving the drug in suitable non volatile solvents. The various non volatile solvents used were PG, PEG, and glycerine. The carrier coating materials play an important role in improving the solubility of the drug. The dissolution rate of the drug was increased by using propylene glycol as non-volatile solvent at 20:1 ratio of carrier to coating material. Solid dispersion by kneading method were another attempt to improve solubility the various carrier materials used were PVP K 30, PEG 6000 and mannitol, these carriers are used in various ratios to improve its solubility. The dissolution rate of drug using solid dispersion kneading method with mannitol was increased at 1:3 ratio. The DSC and FTIR studies revealed no drug excipients interactions, whereas XRD revealed the reduced crystalinity of drug, which showed enhanced solubility. From the results it was concluded that the liquisolid compacts enhanced the solubility of valsartan in comparison to traditional solid dispersion method.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i2.10440 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 4(2) 2011: 48-57
Assessment of dissolution profile of Pantoprazole tablets available in Bangladesh
Authors: Malakar Aparajita , Bokshi Bishwajit , Karmakar Utpal Kumar 
Published: April 2012

The aim of the present study was to increase the solubility of a poorly water soluble BCS class II drug, valsartan. Liquisolid technology and solid dispersion by kneading method were techniques used to improve the solubility of the drug by using non-volatile solvents and some hydrophilic carriers. Liquisolid compacts were prepared by dissolving the drug in suitable non volatile solvents. The various non volatile solvents used were PG, PEG, and glycerine. The carrier coating materials play an important role in improving the solubility of the drug. The dissolution rate of the drug was increased by using propylene glycol as non-volatile solvent at 20:1 ratio of carrier to coating material. Solid dispersion by kneading method were another attempt to improve solubility the various carrier materials used were PVP K 30, PEG 6000 and mannitol, these carriers are used in various ratios to improve its solubility. The dissolution rate of drug using solid dispersion kneading method with mannitol was increased at 1:3 ratio. The DSC and FTIR studies revealed no drug excipients interactions, whereas XRD revealed the reduced crystalinity of drug, which showed enhanced solubility. From the results it was concluded that the liquisolid compacts enhanced the solubility of valsartan in comparison to traditional solid dispersion method.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i2.10441 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 4(2) 2011: 58-62
In-vitro phytochemical and anthelmintic activity of <i>Cocculus hirsutus</i> Linn. and <i>Rumex dentatus</i> Linn.
Authors: Ashab Imran , Lina Shah Marzia Mahjabin 
Published: April 2012

It was 1980s when the first therapeutic protein was launched in the market. It was recombinant DNAderived insulin. Since its inception, within the worldwide pharmaceutical sector, protein therapeutics has been enjoying the fastest growth, notably for the last few years. As a result it is assumed that the treatment methodology with the conventional drug therapy will be shifted towards therapeutic proteins in near future. It made revolution in the treatment of chronic diseases like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases. The major segments in protein therapeutics are monoclonal antibody, insulin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), coagulation factors etc. In this review paper we will discuss the general aspects of protein therapeutics with their advantages over small-molecule drugs, functional classification of therapeutic proteins and their uses. The pharmacokinetics of protein therapeutics, especially from the distribution and elimination characteristics of therapeutic proteins will be discussed in brief with relevant examples. The major challenges and future perspectives will also be presented in short.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i2.10442 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 4(2) 2011: 63-65
L'assujettissement artistique de la philosophie
Authors: Talon-Hugon Carole 
Published: April 2012

Après le formalisme et l’autotélisme moderniste, un bon nombre de discours sur des œuvres contemporaines assignent aujourd’hui à l’art une fonction critique : on dit que les œuvres « interrogent », « questionnent », « remettent en cause », « invitent à réfléchir » le monde, etc. Or, ce sont là des formules qui renvoient à la fondation socratique de la philosophie, Socrate étant celui qui, par l’aiguillon de ses questions, fait apparaître la fragilité de l’opinion, découvre les préjugés, défait les croyances ordinaires et les convictions non fondées en raison. Ainsi donc, après la mainmise de la philosophie sur l’art dans les grands systèmes philosophiques du XIXe siècle, nous assistons aujourd’hui à une mainmise de l’art sur ce qui constitue l’exigence de la philosophie : le questionnement critique. Il s’agira ici à la fois de comprendre la genèse historique de cette nouvelle attitude théorique, et d’évaluer sa pertinence en examinant si, et à quelles conditions, l’art peut faire sien un tel programme.
Travailleurs de l’écrit, matières de l’information
Authors: Denis Jérôme , Pontille David 
Published: April 2012

Tandis que la circulation transparente de l’information est devenue un mot d’ordre des flux de données, ce texte souligne le rôle crucial du travail effectué en coulisses des réseaux de télécommunication, aussi bien en science, en droit, dans l’administration, les industries culturelles ou les innovations de service. Témoignant de la contribution des infrastructure studies à une anthropologie des connaissances, il invite à élargir la gamme des situations habituellement étudiées en soulignant trois principaux aspects : la multiplicité des formes d’invisibilité du travail, les engagements et jugements au cœur de la production des écrits, et l’hétérogènéïté des matériaux qui composent les informations produites au jour le jour au sein des infrastructures scripturales.
Partition pour mains fantômes
Authors: Grimaud Emmanuel 
Published: April 2012

Cet article explore le travail de la main dans les studios d’animation et s’interroge sur le changement de régime de conception impliqué par le recours à l’ordinateur dans un domaine, le dessin animé, où la main reste l’interface privilégiée du tracé. Dans l’histoire du cinéma, les studios d’animation se sont très tôt organisés de manière tayloriste, recourant à un très grand nombre de petites mains afin de réaliser les tâches fastidieuses et répétitives du dessin. Au tournant du XXIe siècle, ces studios se sont de nouveau retrouvés à la pointe de la réflexion managériale sur le type d’organisation à adopter, dès lors que l’ordinateur permettait d’automatiser un grand nombre de tâches. En se situant principalement dans les studios de Bombay qui effectuent aujourd’hui des dessins et des animations à la chaîne pour des maisons de production venues du monde entier, l’auteur s’interroge sur la façon dont la « digitalisation » de la main s’est opérée. L’ordinateur a modifié l’organisation traditionnelle de l’activité d’animation et en particulier le partage entre les « petites mains » (celles des animateurs) et la « grande main » (celle du réalisateur), au profit d’un rapport souvent compliqué entre la main et la machine qui n’est jamais réductible à une simple relation de commande.
Traiter les appels d’urgence
Authors: Hénault-Tessier Mélanie , Dalle-Nazébi Sophie 
Published: April 2012

Point de passage obligé pour accéder aux services de secours, les opérateurs des centres d’appels d’urgence traitent des centaines de demandes par jour. L’information qu’ils produisent et mettent en forme influe sur toute la chaîne des interactions, qu’il y ait urgence ou non. À travers une étude ethnographique du métier d’opérateur réalisée dans différents centres de réception des appels 15 et 18, nous explorons la fabrication et la circulation de cette information en tant qu’élément participant à la construction d’un espace commun d’action et de communication. Nous démontrons que lorsqu’un opérateur répond au téléphone, c’est tout un processus de traduction de la parole de l’usager en catégories administratives qui s’actualise à travers deux types de relation dans lesquelles sont engagés requérants, fiche de saisie de l’appel et opérateurs : la relation administrative de secours d’urgence et la relation de service. Ce processus qui a pour objectif la production décisive d’une information précise, neutre et factuelle conduit cependant, pour cette raison même, à occulter le travail effectué par les opérateurs.
Nos forces et celles des autres : comment en optimiser l'usage au travail?
Authors: Dubreuil Philippe , Forest Jacques , Courcy François 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Nous connaissons bien nos faiblesses, car nous avons appris à leur accorder une grande attention et à investir temps et énergie pour les corriger afin d’accroître notre performance. Cet article propose plutôt aux personnes d’optimiser l’utilisation de leurs forces au travail. Nous définissons d’abord le concept de « force » et précise les éléments qui le distinguent de celui de « talent ». Ensuite, quelques croyances sur la réussite qui nuisent à l’utilisation adéquate de ses forces sont examinées sous un éclairage plus réaliste. Nous poursuivons en présentant des méthodes permettant de découvrir ses forces et des stratégies clés aidant à optimiser leur utilisation dans le contexte du travail. L’article se termine par quelques conseils visant à aider les gestionnaires à découvrir, à utiliser et à développer les forces de leurs employés.