bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Service implications of implementing guidance for oral bowel cleansing agents in colonoscopy
Authors: Flanagan PK , Ahmed MS , Tin SM , Sarkar S 
Published: June 2011

Introduction: Bowel preparation has led to serious adverse events. Consequently, regulatory and advisory bodies have issued guidance, including a risk stratification of patients, aiming to minimise this risk. Aims: To determine the impact of the new guidance on our current practice of Picolax used in colonoscopy with regard to patient stratification, compliance and service implementation. Methods: Patients listed for day case colonoscopy during October 2009 were audited using data from the hospital and endoscopy databases. A follow-up, structured patient telephone interview evaluated side effects, the assessment process and patient experience. Results: Of the participating 112 patients, 97.4% were clinically reviewed before colonoscopy, 98.3% received written instructions and 70% verbal instructions. None had their preparation dispensed by a regulated professional. Although 62% of patients were retrospectively identified as ‘at risk’ (elderly, with congestive cardiac failure, cirrhosis or chronic kidney disease or on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), none were identified before their procedure. Significant events (postural hypotension, collapse, dizziness, palpitations, faint) were seen in 4.4%, all of whom could potentially be identified as ‘at risk’ using a stratification of low estimated glomerular filtration rate*; with relevant co-morbidity (congestive cardiac failure or cirrhosis). Conclusions: Given the difficulties with compliance and the high prevalence of ‘at risk’ patients, the implementation will be challenging and require significant service redesign.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography practice in district general hospitals in North East England: a Northern Regional Endoscopy Group (NREG) study
Authors: Chatterjee S , Rees C , Dwarakanath AD , Barton R , MacDonald C , Greenaway J , Gregory W , Reddy A , Nylander DL 
Published: June 2011

Aim: Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) is an important tool for the management of pancreato-biliary disease. The aim of this study was to compare the current practice of ERCP in North East England against the key 2004 National Confidential Enquiry Report into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD) recommendations and the standards set by the Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (JAG). Methods: This was a prospective multicentre study involving all hospitals in North East England, coordinated through the Northern Regional Endoscopy Group (NREG). Results: Fourteen endoscopy units submitted data for 481 ERCPs. Mean dose of midazolam was 3.24 mg (standard deviation 1.35; range 1–8 mg). Coagulation profile results were available on 469 patients (97%). Radiological investigations were documented in 96% of the procedures (463 of 481) prior to ERCP. The most common indication for ERCP was related to choledocholithiasis and its complications. All procedures were performed with a therapeutic intent. A total of 84% of all patients were either American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I or II. The selective biliary cannulation rate was 87.3%. The total completion rate of all procedures was 80.2% (381 of 475) and completion of therapy was 89.5% (425 of 475). The 30-day mortality rate was 2% (ten patients) and procedure-related complications occurred in 5% of patients. There were no deaths directly as a result of ERCP; all deaths were related to underlying medical conditions. Conclusions: The practice of ERCP in North East England adheres to the key recommendations of the NCEPOD and the standards set by JAG. The rates of complications compare favourably with those reported internationally.
First clinic experience: patient selection and outcomes for ostial dilation for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Cutler Jeffrey , Truitt Theodore , Atkins James , Winegar Bradford , Lanier Brent , Schaeffer B. Todd , Raviv Joseph , Henderson Diana , Duncavage James , Stankiewicz James , Tami Thomas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:To report outcomes for subjects undergoing balloon dilation in either the operating room (OR) or the clinic and define criteria to identify suitable candidates for local anesthesia procedures.Methods:Subjects with medically refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) underwent de novo surgery via transantral balloon dilation of the maxillary sinus ostium and ethmoid infundibulum. Concomitant nasal or endoscopic sinus surgeries were contraindicated. Technical success, surgical parameters, and long‐term outcomes were evaluated through 12‐month follow‐up.Results:Seventy‐one subjects underwent balloon dilation and 94% completed follow‐up through 12 months. A total of 132 maxillary ostia were targeted for treatment and 129 were successfully dilated (98%). Almost one‐half (33) of the procedures were performed in the OR under local anesthesia with intravenous sedation. Average balloon procedure times for unilateral and bilateral treatment were 28.3 ± 21.1 and 40.2 ± 17.7 minutes, respectively. Thirty‐three ostial dilations in 19 subjects were attempted in the clinic. Each ostium was successfully accessed and ballooned under local anesthesia. Patient tolerance was very good with an average self‐reported pain level of 2.7 (2 = hurts a little bit) out of 10. Each subject was discharged within 2 hours of the procedure and there was no postoperative bleeding. Symptomatic improvement of the clinic subgroup at 3, 6, and 12 months postprocedure was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.0012) and clinically meaningful and similar in magnitude to improvement seen across all subjects regardless of site of service.Conclusion:Transantral balloon dilation can be performed safely in the clinic and operative settings with symptom improvement sustained through 1 year. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
The role of imprinted genes in fetal growth abnormalities
Authors: Piedrahita Jorge A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEpigenetics, and in particular imprinted genes, have a critical role in the development and function of the placenta, which in turn has a central role in the regulation of fetal growth and development. A unique characteristic of imprinted genes is their expression from only one allele, maternal or paternal and dependent on parent of origin. This unique expression pattern may have arisen as a mechanism to control the flow of nutrients from the mother to the fetus, with maternally expressed imprinted genes reducing the flow of resources and paternally expressed genes increasing resources to the fetus. As a result, any epigenetic deregulation affecting this balance can result in fetal growth abnormalities. Imprinting‐associated disorders in humans, such as Beckwith‐Wiedemann and Angelman syndrome, support the role of imprinted genes in fetal growth. Similarly, assisted reproductive technologies in animals have been shown to affect the epigenome of the early embryo and the expression of imprinted genes. Their role in disorders such as intrauterine growth restriction appears to be more complex, in that imprinted gene expression can be seen as both causative and protective of fetal growth restriction. This protective or compensatory effect needs to be explored more fully. © Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collateral blood flow can predict myocardial blush grade in primary coronary intervention
Authors: Ilia Reuben , Wolak Arik , Amit Guy , Weinstein Jean Marc 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectives Our aim was to investigate whether collateral flow may predict myocardial blush grade (MBG) in acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Background No‐reflow is a well known phenomenon associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to underperfused myocardium; therefore early prediction of no‐reflow is of major importance. We have observed that in patients with good collateral filling of the infarct related artery as seen prior to primary angioplasty, the clearance of the contrast medium from the myocardium may be impaired. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the MBG as observed by collateral filling in 81 patients and correlated it with the final MBG. Patients were divided into two groups—those with collateral MBG 0 or 1 (34) and those with myocardial blush 2 or 3 (47). Results Of the 34 patients in the first group 71% remained in the same MBG group after primary percutaneous coronary intervention and the rest improved. Of the 47 individuals with collateral MBG 2 or 3, 87% remained in the same group following primary percutaneous coronary intervention, and the rest deteriorated (P < 0.01 for both groups). Conclusions Collaterals may predict MBG in acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A phase 1b trial of the combination of the antiangiogenic agent sunitinib and radiation therapy for patients with primary and metastatic central nervous system malignancies
Authors: Wuthrick Evan J. , Kamrava Mitchell , Curran Walter J. , Werner‐Wasik Maria , Camphausen Kevin A. , Hyslop Terry , Axelrod Rita , Andrews David W. , Glass Jon , Machtay Mitchell , Dicker Adam P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:In this phase 1 trial, the authors evaluated sunitinib combined with radiation therapy (RT) for the treatment of primary or metastatic central nervous system (CNS) malignancies.METHODS:Eligible patients had CNS malignancies that required a (minimum) 2‐week course of RT. Sunitinib (37.5 mg) was administered daily for the duration of RT with optional treatment extension of 1 month. Urine was collected at 3 time points for correlative biomarker studies. The primary endpoint was acute toxicity defined according to Common Toxicity Criteria version 3.RESULTS:Fifteen patients were enrolled (12 with CNS metastasis and 3 with primary tumors). RT doses ranged from 14 Gray (Gy) to 70 Gy (1.8‐3.5 Gy per fraction). Acute toxicities included hematologic, nausea, hyperglycemia, fatigue, hypocalcemia, and diarrhea. Six patients (40%) developed grade ≤2 toxicities. Grade 3 toxicities occurred in 7 patients (47%) and included hematologic toxicity, fatigue, deep vein thrombosis, dysphasia, hyperglycemia, and hyponatremia. No grade 3 through 5 hypertensive events or intracerebral hemorrhages occurred. Two grade 5 adverse events attributed to disease progression occurred. The median follow‐up was 34.2 months. Two patients (13%) achieved a partial response, 9 patients (60%) had stable disease, and 2 patients (13%) patients had progressive disease. The 6‐month progression‐free survival rate for patients who had brain metastasis was 58%. Grade 3 hematologic toxicity was correlated with greater changes in vascular endothelial growth factor levels changes between baseline and the completion of RT.CONCLUSIONS:Continuous 37.5‐mg sunitinib combined with RT in patients who had CNS malignancies yielded acceptable toxicities and adverse events. The current results indicated that changes in urine vascular endothelial growth factor levels are associated with hematologic toxicity, and this association should be analyzed in a larger cohort. The feasibility, safety, and early response results warrant a phase 2 trial. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
The Protonation of CF3SO3H: Preparation and Characterization of Trifluoromethyldihydroxyoxosulfonium Hexafluoridoantimonate, CF3SO3H2+SbF6–
Authors: Soltner Theresa , Goetz Nadine R. , Kornath Andreas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTrifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride reacts with superacidic solutions AF/SbF5 (A = H, D) to form their corresponding salts CF3SO3A2+SbF6–, which are protonated forms of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and CF3SO2F as by‐product. The salts have been characterized by vibrational spectroscopy and single‐crystal structural analysis. CF3SO3H2+SbF6– crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar {1}$ with two formula units in the unit cell: a = 709.29(5) pm, b = 763.46(5) pm, c = 882.15(6) pm; α = 71.884(6)°, β = 72.488(6)°, γ = 84.509(6)°; V = 432.97(5) Å3. The cations are linked with two strong hydrogen bonds to SbF6– anions to form chains. The experimental data were also compared to quantum chemical calculations for the CF3SO3H2(HF)2+ cation.
N‐Aryl‐ and N‐Thienylcarbazoles with Dimesitylboryl and 1,3,2‐Benzodiazaborolyl Functions
Authors: Weber Lothar , Halama Johannes , Böhling Lena , Chrostowska Anna , Dargelos Alain , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Neumann Beate 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe reaction of the N‐lithiated 3,6‐di‐tert‐butylcarbazole with fluorodimesitylborane afforded the N‐carbazolyl‐functionalized dimesitylborane 1 as a colorless solid in 70 % yield. [4‐(3,6‐Di‐tert‐butylcarbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl]dimesitylborane (2) was synthesized in 59 % yield by the lithiation of N‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐3,6‐di‐tert‐butylcarbazole and the subsequent treatment of the organolithium compound with fluorodimesitylborane. Synthesis of yellow crystalline [5‐(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐2‐thienyl]dimesitylborane 3 was effected in 66 % yield by the lithiation of 3,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐N‐(2‐thienyl)carbazole and the subsequent reaction with fluorodimesitylborane. Coupling of N‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐3,6‐di‐tert‐butylcarbazole and 2‐bromo‐1,3‐diethyl‐1,3,2‐benzodiazaborole with magnesium metal in boiling THF in the presence of lithium chloride led to the formation of the functionalized benzodiazaborole 5 as a colorless solid in 68 % yield. Compounds 1–3 and 5 were characterized by elemental analyses, IR and NMR spectroscopy (1H, 11B, 13C) and mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of 1 and 3 were elucidated by X‐ray diffraction analyses. The borylated systems show intense blue luminescence. The spectroscopic results were reproduced by TD‐DFT calculations at the [B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p)] level of theory. Thus, it was discovered that the LUMOs of 1–3 are located on the vacant 2pz orbital of the boron atom with contributions of the π* orbital of the phenyl (in 2) or thiophene (in 3) unit, whereas the HOMOs are mainly represented by the carbazolyl unit.
Consecutive C–F Bond Activation of Hexafluorobenzene and Decafluorobiphenyl
Authors: Schaub Thomas , Fischer Peter , Meins Thomas , Radius Udo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe reaction of [Ni2(iPr2Im)4(COD)] (1) {iPr2Im = 1,3‐bis(isopropyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene} with hexafluorobenzene and decafluorobiphenyl results at room temperature in the formation of the products of a C–F bond activation reaction, i.e. [Ni(iPr2Im)2(F)(C6F5)] (2) and [Ni(iPr2Im)2(F)(C12F9)] (4). The reactions of 2 and 4 with 1 or the reactions of hexafluorobenzene and decafluorobiphenyl with 1 equiv. or excess of dinuclear 1 (stoichiometric ratio nickel/substrate > 2:1) at higher temperatures afford the complexes of a consecutive C–F bond‐activation reaction, [1,4‐{Ni(iPr2Im)2(F)}2(C6F4)] (3) and [4,4′‐{Ni(iPr2Im)2(F)}2(C12F8)] (5). Complexes 3 and 5 cleanly react in THF at room temperature with chlorotrimethylsilane and (isopropyl)(trimethylsilyl)selenane under elimination of fluorotrimethylsilane to yield the corresponding chloro and selenolato complexes [1,4‐{Ni(iPr2Im)2(X)}2(C6F4)] [X = Cl (6), iPrSe (7)] and [4,4′‐{Ni(iPr2Im)2(X)}2(C12F8)] [X = Cl (8), iPrSe (9)].
Synthesis of Pyrimidine‐Containing Nucleoside β‐(R/S)‐Hydroxyphosphonate Analogues
Authors: Meurillon Maïa , Chaloin Laurent , Périgaud Christian , Peyrottes Suzanne 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA concise route to nucleoside β‐hydroxyphosphonate analogues is described. The use of a nucleoside β‐ketophosphonate as the key intermediate allowed both the (R) and (S) isomers of β‐hydroxyphosphonate analogues in the pyrimidine series to be accessed. Such derivatives may be considered as stable mimics of 5′‐monophosphate nucleosides and, therefore, could be the starting point for the development of potential therapeutic agents.
Concentration and fractionation by isoelectric trapping in a micropreparative‐scale multicompartmental electrolyzer having orthogonal pH gradients. Part 1
Authors: Lim Peniel J. , Vigh Gyula 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA multicompartmental electrolyzer called ConFrac has been developed and tested for micropreparative‐scale isoelectric trapping separations. ConFrac contains n separate, minimalistic isoelectric trapping core units, each with a separate anode compartment, anodic flow‐through compartment, collection compartment, cathodic flow‐through compartment and a shared cathode compartment. The collection compartments are all isolated from each other and have volumes of 100 μL each. The liquid held in the collection compartments is stagnant. The respective anodic and cathodic flow‐through compartments are hydraulically serially connected to each other by flexible, minimum‐length, narrow internal diameter tubes. The respective feed solutions whose volumes are larger and variable are recirculated through the serially connected flow‐through compartments. Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based buffering membranes are placed between the anode compartments, anodic flow‐through compartments, collection compartments, cathodic flow‐through compartments and cathode compartment. The membranes establish two orthogonal pH gradients in ConFrac. The primary pH gradient is parallel with the direction of the recirculating flows and orthogonal to that of the electric field. The secondary pH gradient is parallel with the direction of the electric field and orthogonal to that of the recirculating flows. Since the recirculating liquids are kept in thermostated reservoirs and the residence times in the flow‐through compartments are shorter than 2 s, ConFrac can tolerate power loads as high as 2 W without overheating the solutions. The operation and performance of ConFrac has been quantitatively characterized: four 25 μM ampholytic components were isolated from 5 mL of feed solution in 20 min and their concentration increased approximately 50‐fold.
Combined compact difference method for solving the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Chen Weijia , Chen JC 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents a numerical method for solving the two‐dimensional unsteady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in a vorticity–velocity formulation. The method is applicable for simulating the nonlinear wave interaction in a two‐dimensional boundary layer flow. It is based on combined compact difference schemes of up to 12th order for discretization of the spatial derivatives on equidistant grids and a fourth‐order five‐ to six‐alternating‐stage Runge–Kutta method for temporal integration. The spatial and temporal schemes are optimized together for the first derivative in a downstream direction to achieve a better spectral resolution. In this method, the dispersion and dissipation errors have been minimized to simulate physical waves accurately. At the same time, the schemes can efficiently suppress numerical grid‐mesh oscillations. The results of test calculations on coarse grids are in good agreement with the linear stability theory and comparable with other works. The accuracy and the efficiency of the current code indicate its potential to be extended to three‐dimensional cases in which full boundary layer transition happens. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The geoarchaeology and traditional knowledge of winter sod houses in eastern Hudson Bay, Canadian Low Arctic
Authors: Lemieux Anne‐Marie , Bhiry Najat , Desrosiers Pierre M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA multidisciplinary study was undertaken at the Qijurittuq Site (IbGk‐3) on Drayton Island in Low‐Arctic Quebec (Canada) to document the relationships between climatic, environmental, and cultural changes and the choice of Thule/Inuit dwelling style in the eastern Arctic. Several marine terraces were14C‐dated with shells in order to reconstruct the area's uplift (glacioisostatic rebound) curve. Plant macrofossil analysis of peat was conducted to reconstruct past vegetation and, indirectly, past climate. Archaeological surveys and excavations characterized the structure of subterranean sod houses at the Qijurittuq Site and were supplemented with open interviews with Inuit elders for a better understanding of site location and the use of household space. The sites selected for habitation were well‐drained sandy marine terraces in a valley sheltered from prevailing winds. Sod houses were in turn made possible by the abundance of driftwood on the island and the presence of nearby peatland. Thule/Inuit people used semi‐subterranean houses rather than igloos at the Qijurittuq Site during the dry, cold conditions toward the end of the Little Ice Age. Stable environmental conditions and food supply during winter possibly explain the use of those semipermanent houses on Drayton Island. However, it does not exclude the use of igloos during short expeditions on ice. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
OWNERSHIP AND FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF GERMAN ACUTE CARE HOSPITALS
Authors: Augurzky Boris , Engel Dirk , Schmidt Christoph M. , Schwierz Christoph 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThis paper considers the role of ownership form for the financial sustainability of German acute care hospitals over time. We measure financial sustainability by a hospital‐specific yearly probability of default (PD) trying to mirror the ability of hospitals to survive in the market in the long run. The results show that private ownership is associated with significantly lower PDs than public ownership. Moreover, path dependence in the PD is substantial but far from 100%, indicating a large number of improvements and deteriorations in financial sustainability over time. Yet, the general public hospitals have the highest path dependence. Overall, this indicates that public hospitals, which are in a poor financial standing, remain in that state or even deteriorate over time, which may be conflicting with financial sustainability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
αLβ2 Integrin is indispensable for CD8+ T‐cell recruitment in experimental pancreatic and hepatocellular cancer
Authors: Takeichi Takayuki , Mocevicius Paulius , Deduchovas Olegas , Salnikova Olga , Castro‐Santa Edward , Büchler Markus W. , Schmidt Jan , Ryschich Eduard 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRecruitment of activated leukocytes from peripheral blood into the tumor tissue is a crucial step of the immune response, which is controlled by the interaction between specific adhesion molecules such as endothelial ICAM‐1 and leukocyte β2‐integrins. Although attenuated expression of adhesion molecules on tumor endothelium has been proposed to represent a mechanism, which suppresses the intratumoral leukocyte infiltration, the relevance of adhesion molecules for leukocyte recruitment in tumor tissue is poorly understood. The present study is the first investigation of the role of ICAM‐1 and β2‐integrins in leukocyte recruitment in pancreatic and hepatocellular cancer in vivo, which was studied using knockout mice, intravital time‐lapse microscopy and immunohistochemistry. We found that tumor tissue of both pancreatic and hepatocellular cancer was infiltrated with numerous active lymphoid and myeloid leukocytes, although the leukocyte extravasation rate in tumor blood vessels was very low. The knockout of LFA‐1 (also known as αLβ2 integrin) strongly suppressed recruitment of CD8+ T cells whereas no significant differences of leukocyte adhesion and infiltration were found in ICAM‐1−/− and Mac‐1−/− mice. Analysis of the interstitial leukocyte migration demonstrated that intratumoral leukocytes used haptokinetic type of migration, however, no significant differences of leukocyte migration between any knockout strains were found. We concluded that leukocyte recruitment in pancreatic and hepatocellular cancer is a slow‐going process whose dynamics clearly contrasts to a high‐speed leukocyte recruitment during acute inflammation. In contrast to acute inflammatory reaction, only LFA‐1 controls recruitment of CD8+ T‐cells in both pancreatic and hepatocellular cancer, whereas ICAM‐1 and Mac‐1 are dispensable.