bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Mechanical Scarification on the Germination and Seedling Stages of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. under Salt Stress
Authors: Nazih Abderrahmane , Baghour Mourad , Maatougui Abdesselam , Aboukhalid Kaoutar , Chiboub Basma , Bazile Didier 
Published: May 2024

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a facultative halophyte renowned for its importance in enhancing food security, and it supports forage production across diverse climatic regions. The objective of this study is to examine the impacts of multiple pre-treatment methods on C. quinoa seed (Titicaca cultivar) germination parameters, identify the optimum pre-treatment to diminish the consequence of salinity, and promote the productivity of this crop, especially in marginal environments. For this purpose, a spectrum of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations spanning from 0 to 500 mM and gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations ranging from 0 to 300 ppm were tested, and mechanical scarification (MS) was carried out. The effect of a combination of these pretreatment NaCl/GA3 and NaCl/MS on the germination parameters of C. quinoa seed was also investigated. The results showed that the total germination, vigor index, and germination index decreased progressively with an increase in salinity. Hence, salinity exhibited a notable influence on most germination parameters. Moreover, seeds scarified with 500 mM of NaCl negatively affected all measured parameters. In contrast, gibberellic acid applied at 200 ppm was effective on most of the parameters measured, particularly under 100 mM of NaCl. These findings indicate that immersing seeds in gibberellic acid could mitigate the adverse impacts of salinity.
Does the Invasive Heracleum mantegazzianum Influence Other Species by Allelopathy?
Authors: Gruľová Daniela , Baranová Beata , Eliašová Adriana , Brun Christelle , Fejér Jozef , Kron Ivan , Campone Luca , Pagliari Stefania , Nastišin Ľuboš , Sedlák Vincent 
Published: May 2024

Heracleum mantegazzianum is an invasive species in middle Europe. The mode of action of its invasiveness is still not known. Our study focuses on observation of potential allelopathic influence by the production and release of phytochemicals into its environment. Plant material was collected four times within one season (April, May, June, July 2019) at locality Lekárovce (eastern Slovakia) for comparison of differences in composition and potential allelopathy. Water extracts from collected samples were used for different biological assays. The total phenols and flavonoids were determined spectrophotometrically. The profile and content of phenolic components, including coumarins, were determined by two techniques of liquid chromatography along with in vitro evaluation of the free radical scavenging activity of extracts (DPPH, Hydroxyl, Superoxide, and FRAP). The changes in composition in extracts in different seasonal periods were evident as well as potential phytotoxic activity in some concentrations on specific model plants. The slight antioxidant activity was noted. The invasiveness of the current species could be supported by the excretion of its phytochemicals into its surroundings and by different modes of action influencing living organisms in its environment.
Advances in Noninvasive Molecular Imaging Probes for Liver Fibrosis Diagnosis
Authors: Chen Shaofang , Zhuang Danping , Jia Qingyun , Guo Bing , Hu Genwen 
Published: May 2024

Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response to chronic liver injury, which may lead to cirrhosis and cancer. Early-stage fibrosis is reversible, and it is difficult to precisely diagnose with conventional imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and ultrasound imaging. In contrast, probe-assisted molecular imaging offers a promising noninvasive approach to visualize early fibrosis changes in vivo, thus facilitating early diagnosis and staging liver fibrosis, and even monitoring of the treatment response. Here, the most recent progress in molecular imaging technologies for liver fibrosis is updated. We start by illustrating pathogenesis for liver fibrosis, which includes capillarization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, cellular and molecular processes involved in inflammation and fibrogenesis, as well as processes of collagen synthesis, oxidation, and cross-linking. Furthermore, the biological targets used in molecular imaging of liver fibrosis are summarized, which are composed of receptors on hepatic stellate cells, macrophages, and even liver collagen. Notably, the focus is on insights into the advances in imaging modalities developed for liver fibrosis diagnosis and the update in the corresponding contrast agents. In addition, challenges and opportunities for future research and clinical translation of the molecular imaging modalities and the contrast agents are pointed out. We hope that this review would serve as a guide for scientists and students who are interested in liver fibrosis imaging and treatment, and as well expedite the translation of molecular imaging technologies from bench to bedside.
Multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry: applications in nanoarchitectonics and applied physics
Authors: Shioya Nobutaka , Mori Taizo , Ariga Katsuhiko , Hasegawa Takeshi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cutting-edge thin film studies using multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry (MAIRS) are introduced from the principle to forefront applications in a wide variety of research fields covering semiconductor material with respect to nanoarchitectonics. MAIRS basically reveals quantitatively optical anisotropy in thin films, which is mostly used for quantitative molecular orientation analysis of each chemical group for chemistry purposes. This works powerfully especially when the material has poor crystallinity that cannot be analyzed by X-ray diffraction. As a matter of fact, MAIRS works in a role that compensates for the diffraction techniques, and the combination of MAIRS and the diffraction techniques has already been established as the most powerful technique not to miss the molecular aggregation structure in thin films. In this review, in addition, another application for physics purposes is also introduced where phonon in thin films is discriminated from normal infrared absorption bands by using the MAIRS technique.
implementación del sistema Braille en supermercados de Lima Metropolitana
Authors: García Landauro Carlos Martín , Pérez Núñez Angela Nicole 
Published: May 2024

El presente estudio titulado "La Implementación del sistema Braille en Supermercados de Lima Metropolitana" tiene como objetivo demostrar la importancia de implementar el sistema Braille en los supermercados para mejorar la inclusión de las personas con discapacidad visual. La muestra fue de 25 personas de edades comprendidas entre los 15 a 70 años, usuarios y trabajadores del supermercado Metro en Lima Metropolitana. Se realizó una encuesta de 22 preguntas para recopilar datos y se contó con el apoyo de cinco expertos en el tema para validar las preguntas de la encuesta. El diseño utilizado fue pre-experimental, y se investigó la falta de inclusión en los supermercados de la zona y las dificultades que enfrentan las personas con discapacidad visual al realizar compras. Los resultados observados fueron p<0.285, por lo que se rechazó la Hi y se aceptó la Ho. La conclusión es que la implementación del sistema Braille en los supermercados representa un avance hacia la inclusión y accesibilidad, permitiendo que las personas invidentes accedan a información relevante y realicen sus compras de manera autónoma. Sin embargo, es necesario seguir trabajando en mejoras adicionales para garantizar la inclusión de todos los ciudadanos con discapacidad visual en los supermercados.
FibroScan-aspartate transaminase: A superior non-invasive model for diagnosing high-risk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
Authors: Yin Jing-Ya , Yang Tian-Yuan , Yang Bing-Qing , Hou Chen-Xue , Li Jun-Nan , Li Yue , Wang Qi 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with hepatic histological NAFLD activity score ≥ 4 and fibrosis stage F ≥ 2 is regarded as “at risk” non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Based on an international consensus, NAFLD and NASH were renamed as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), respectively; hence, we introduced the term “high-risk MASH”. Diagnostic values of seven non-invasive models, including FibroScan-aspartate transaminase (FAST), fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI), etc. for high-risk MASH have rarely been studied and compared in MASLD.
AIM
To assess the clinical value of seven non-invasive models as alternatives to liver biopsy for diagnosing high-risk MASH.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 309 patients diagnosed with NAFLD via liver biopsy at Beijing Ditan Hospital, between January 2012 and December 2020. After screening for MASLD and the exclusion criteria, 279 patients were included and categorized into high-risk and non-high-risk MASH groups. Utilizing threshold values of each model, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV), were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate their diagnostic efficacy based on the area under the curve (AUROC).
RESULTS
MASLD diagnostic criteria were met by 99.4% patients with NAFLD. The MASLD population was analyzed in two cohorts: Overall population (279 patients) and the subgroup (117 patients) who underwent liver transient elastography (FibroScan). In the overall population, FIB-4 showed better diagnostic efficacy and higher PPV, with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and AUROC of 26.9%, 95.2%, 73.5%, 72.2%, and 0.75. APRI, Forns index, and aspartate transaminase to alanine transaminase ratio (ARR) showed moderate diagnostic efficacy, whereas S index and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio (GPR) were relatively weaker. In the subgroup, FAST had the highest diagnostic efficacy, its sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and AUROC were 44.2%, 92.3%, 82.1%, 67.4%, and 0.82. The FIB-4 AUROC was 0.76. S index and GPR exhibited almost no diagnostic value for high-risk MASH.
CONCLUSION
FAST and FIB-4 could replace liver biopsy as more effectively diagnostic methods for high-risk MASH compared to APRI, Forns index, ARR, S index, and GPR; FAST is superior to FIB-4.
EFEKTIVITAS DIGITALITASI INFORMASI AKUNTANSI TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN DI USAHA VALUTA ASING
Authors: Kadlina Kadlina , Munandar Agus 
Published: May 2024

This article intends to know Effectiveness of Digitalization an Accounting Information of Financial Performance in foreign exchange business. There are 5 system and website that used by company, for process the data until finish the report (Accurate), for attandance purpose and payroll system (Greatday), for daily transaction and profit target achievement (operating project system) with customer database, include 2 public service websites managed by the Government: (DJP online for tax), Bank Indonesia (Laporan Kegiatan Usaha/LKU). In this research, used qualitative method analysis by data before and after using Accounting Information system in company.
Unlikely Friends in Patriarchal Lands: An Ecofeminist Reading of Rajasthani Folktale “Sonal Bai”
Authors: Pareek Sushmita 
Published: May 2024

"Sonal Bai" is a popular folktale about a girl told by women in Rajasthani-speaking areas of north India to initiate young girls into adulthood. This paper investigates the metaphorical representation of a girl’s coming of age through her relationship with a Sandalwood tree analysing, "Sonal Bai" as an ecofeminist text. The story renders voice to socially prohibited themes of menstruation and women’s sensual desire as embodied in silent friendship between a sandalwood tree and Sonal (girl with golden hair). The paper highlights how the outwardly simple tale of “Sonal Bai” is in fact an encoded lesson for teenage girls, inverted as a relationship between two highly treasured “belongings”/ “commodities”—sandalwood and a unmarried girl—in a patriarchal society economically dependent on agriculture. The sandalwood tree is highly valuable for farmers; different parts of the tree are used to produce furniture, oil, fragrance and food items. It is also a part of religious rituals where its essence is used as tilak on idols in Hindu traditions. Rajasthani Language is spoken prominently in the desert regions of India (Thar Desert) and the existence of such a tree in a desert is as precious and rare as a girl with golden hair. The paper draws reference from recurrent invocation of olfactory senses of the listeners captured by the images of the sandalwood tree in the story. It also explores use of growth metaphors using ‘rhizome’ like imagery of sandalwood branches reaching the sky which become an escape route for a teenage girl hiding from her family. The temporal and spatial indicators are infused together in the story of Sonal Bai leading to an unlikely friendship between two prized possessions that eventually breaks with the arrival of a patriarchal archetype: a handsome young prince. This study discusses the prevalent katha culture in India where women exercise freedom of voice through singing and narrating tales within all-female groups. This site of independent feminine interaction in a highly patriarchal society is investigated using Bakhtin’s “Chronotope” to highlight culturally encoded lessons in folktales meant for young girls in Indian society as a means of informal education.
Incidence Of Acute Kidney Injury In Mild, Moderate And Severe Cases Of Coronavirus Disease
Authors: Mahmud Mahvesh , Kumar Ashok , Baqai Khurram 
Published: May 2024

Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine the incidence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in COVID-19-affected patients
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Ziauddin Hospital Clifton Campus from June to December 2020. Adult patients with AKI or acute-on-chronic kidney disease (ACKD) were included in a retrospective study. Patients infected with SARS-CoV2 and renal involvement were directed towards the ICU/Nephrology departments which have the expertise to perform laboratory analysis, radiography and institution of treatment. Supplemental oxygen use was documented. The research also assessed information about therapy (antivirals, immunomodulators, RRT) and results (renal function recovery or death).
Results: After excluding patients with obstructive AKI, a total of 180 (mean age 50.1 years) of 104 males and 76 females were included in the research. 120 patients were found to have prerenal, and 60 had intrinsic AKI with significant differences between mild, moderate, and severe cases (p=0.004). Acute kidney injury (AKI) survivors had a complete recovery rate of 70%, a partial recovery rate of 22%, and a hemodialysis dependency rate of 8%.
Conclusion: Patients with severe COVID-19 infection often develop more severe AKI, and those in the severe or critical stages often exhibit proteinuria and dipstick hematuria. Long-term follow-up for COVID-19 patients should be done to evaluate its influence on renal outcome, and larger samples are required to elucidate the association between COVID-19 and renal damage.
Keywords: Coronavirus Disease, Renal Replacement Therapy, proteinuria, dipstick hematuria
The Effects Of Simvastatin On Islets Of Langerhans In The Pancreas Of Rats: A Histological And Biochemical Study
Authors: Qamar Abdullah , Khan Hammad Gul , Kundi Hina , Ali Ayesha , Bashir Sumyyia , Khurshid Tooba 
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study explored the effect of simvastatin on the histomorphology of islets of Langerhans, glucose and insulin levels in rats.
Study Design: The study was a one-year laboratory-based experimental control trial.
Place and duration of study: It was conducted at Army Medical College Rawalpindi, in collaboration with the National Institute of Health Islamabad and Armed Force Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi.
Methods: A one-year, laboratory-based, two-group experimental control trial was conducted. Thirty rats were assigned to each group: a control group receiving saline injections, and a simvastatin group receiving a simvastatin 60 mg/kg/day. Histological analysis of pancreatic islets, and measurements of blood glucose and insulin levels were performed. Statistical analysis was conducted using independent sample t-tests, with significance set at p < 0.005.
Results: While simvastatin treatment did not affect the number of islets of Langerhans, The area of pancreatic islets of Langerhans was significantly higher in the simvastatin treatment group compared to control (52,664±38,871 μm2 vs 24,643±16,256 μm2, p=0.001). Serum insulin levels were also significantly elevated with simvastatin treatment (21.49±7.03 μIU/ml) compared to control (16.72±5.38 μIU/ml) (p=0.005). There were no significant differences in weekly fasting blood glucose levels at 4 or 12 weeks between groups (p>0.05). These findings suggest potential modulation of pancreatic islet function by simvastatin without affecting glycemic control in this model.
Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that simvastatin treatment significantly impacts the morphology and function of pancreatic islets in rats, increasing insulin secretion without affecting blood glucose levels. Further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of these observations.
Keywords: Simvastatin, islets of Langerhans, Sprague-Dawley rats, insulin, glucose, pancreas.
Depression, Anxiety And Stress Among Medical And Allied Health Sciences Students At Sargodha Medical College
Authors: Raza Muhammad Saeed , Maqbool Ahsan , Zahid Sana , Malik Shoaib Ahmad , Yousaf Ayesha , Rauf Kashif 
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study attempts to determine the frequency of depression, anxiety and stress and associated factors among medical and allied health sciences students of Sargodha Medical College.
Methods: The nature of the study is cross-sectional, among 350 (175 each) medical and allied health sciences students of Sargodha Medical College. The students were recruited using convenient sampling. Socio-demographic information was recorded and depression, anxiety and stress were assessed using the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21). Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 was used for data entry and analysis.
Results: The study shows that nearly half of medical students (53.1%) had depression, 69.7% had anxiety and 44% had stress; while among allied health sciences students, 60.6% were depressed, 73.7% had anxiety and 45.1% had reported stress. The mean depression score among medical students was 12.19 ± 9.98 and 13.29 ± 11.12 among allied health sciences students (p≤0.332).
Conclusion: Based on the results, it is recommended that various methods should be adapted and prioritized for enhancing the mental health of the students to support and improve academic learning among students.
Keywords: Depression, Anxiety, Stress, mental health, medical students, allied health students
Dracula’s Chivito: Discovery of a Large Edge-on Protoplanetary Disk with Pan-STARRS
Authors: Berghea Ciprian T. , Bayyari Ammar , Sitko Michael L. , Drake Jeremy J. , Mosquera Ana , Garraffo Cecilia , Petit Thomas , Russell Ray W. , Assani Korash D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We report the serendipitous discovery of a large edge-on protoplanetary disk in Pan-STARRS (PS1) images. PS1 has five broadband filters designated as g
P1, r
P1, i
P1, z
P1, and y
P1 with mean wavelengths 4866, 6215, 7545, 8679, and 9633 Å, respectively. The disk’s apparent size in the PS1 images is ≈11″, making this one of the largest known disks on the sky. It is likely a young system, still surrounded by the envelope, which is very faint but still visible in the PS1 images in the northern part (alternatively this structure could be filaments from the disk itself). We use the PS1 magnitudes and other available photometric data to construct the spectral energy distribution of the disk. An optical spectrum indicates that the obscured star is hot, most likely of type late A. We adopt a distance of 300 pc for this object based on Gaia Data Release 3 extinctions. We model the system using the HOCHUNK3D radiative transfer software and find that the system is consistent with a hot star of effective temperature 8000 K surrounded by a disk of size 1650 au and mass 0.2 M
⊙ at inclination 82°.
Ejecta Blankets at Small Craters on the Moon
Authors: Austin Trevor , Robinson Mark , Mahanti Prasun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Impact-derived ejecta covers most of the lunar surface, originating from recent impacts through to the beginning of the geologic record. Despite how common ejecta is, accurate measurements of ejecta thickness are difficult to obtain, and existing estimates of ejecta thickness vary widely. This study uses excavation by meter-scale impacts on the fresh ejecta blankets of larger, kilometer-scale impacts to make point measurements of ejecta thickness. We estimate ejecta thickness at the rims of 73 lunar craters (0.1–4.8 km diameter) and create isopach maps of ejecta thickness for three craters. We derive an equation for ejecta thickness,

t
=
0.14
±
0.062

R

(
0.77
±
0.080
)

r

/

R

(
−
B
)

, where r is the horizontal distance from the center of the crater, R is the center-to-rim crater radius, and B describes the rate at which ejecta thickness decays with radial distance. Our average value for B (2.8 ± 0.1) is similar to previous work, though we observe that B can vary significantly within an ejecta blanket.
Mobilising Papua New Guinea’s Conservation Humanities: Research, Teaching, Capacity Building, Future Directions
Authors: Stockdale Jessica A. , Middleton Jo , Aina Regina , Cherake Gabriel , Dem Francesca , Ferea William , Hane-Nou Arthur , Huanduo Willy , Kik Alfred , Novotny Vojtech , Ruli Ben , Yearwood Peter , Cassell Jackie , Eldridge Alice , Fairhead James , Winchester Jules , Stewart Alan J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We suggest that the emerging field of the conservation humanities can play a valuable role in biodiversity protection in Papua New Guinea (PNG), where most land remains under collective customary clan ownership. As a first step to mobilising this scholarly field in PNG and to support capacity development for PNG humanities academics, we conducted a landscape review of PNG humanities teaching and research relating to biodiversity conservation and customary land rights. We conducted a systematic literature review, a PNG teaching programme review, and a series of online workshops between the authors (10 PNG-based, 7 UK-based). We found a small but notable amount of PNG research and teaching focused on biodiversity conservation or customary land rights. This included explicit discussion of these topics in 8 of 156 PNG-authored humanities texts published 2010-2020 and related teaching content in the curricula of several different humanities-based programmes. We discuss current barriers to PNG academic development. The growth of fully fledged in-country conservation humanities will require a joint collaborative effort by PNG researchers, who are best placed to carry out such work, and researchers from abroad who can access resources to support the process.