bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bond‐slip analysis via a thermodynamically consistent interface model combining interlocking, damage and friction
Authors: Serpieri R. , Alfano G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA thermodynamics‐based cohesive‐zone interface formulation combining adhesion, friction and interlocking is illustrated. Interlocking is modeled exploiting a macroscopic description, which represents the geometry of the interface in the form of a periodic arrangement of distinct microplanes, denoted by Representative Interface Element (RIE). The interaction within each of these surfaces is governed by the combined damage–friction interface formulation proposed by Alfano and Sacco (textitInt. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 68(5):542–582). Although a simple damage law combined with Coulomb friction and no dilatancy is introduced on each individual microplane, the overall dilatant and hysteretic nature of the bond‐slip is predicted as a result of the interaction induced by the presence of the microstructure of the RIE. The formulation is investigated by performing sensitivity analyses and is validated by evaluating its performance in the simulation of pull‐out tests under controlled confining pressure. The results of a structural simulation of a pull‐out test under variable amplitude repeated loading are also reported. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discontinuous Galerkin method for the forward modelling in optical diffusion tomography
Authors: Mohan P. Surya , Soloviev Vadim Y. , Arridge Simon R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe propose a discontinuous Galerkin discretization scheme for the forward modelling in optical diffusion tomography in highly scattering media to facilitate dynamic mesh adaptation for complex domains. In addition, the numerical method is also shown to effectively deal with inhomogeneities in optical properties and refractive index mismatch at material interfaces. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated over a model concentric spherical layers problem where the discontinuous Galerkin method is compared against an analytical solution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐scale modeling of moving interface problems with flux and field jumps: Application to oxidative degradation of ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Sundararaghavan Veera 
Published: August 2010

AbstractProblems involving reaction and species diffusion involve field and flux jumps at a moving reaction front. In multi‐scale problems such as carbon fiber composite oxidation, these effects need to be tracked at the microscopic scale of individual carbon fibers. A multi‐scale model is derived in this paper for predicting species distribution in such problems using a fully coupled multi‐scale homogenization approach. The homogenized fluxes from the micro‐scale are derived using Hill's macro‐homogeneity condition accounting for both flux jumps and species density field jumps at the reacting interface in the micro‐scale unit cell. At the macro‐scale, the competition between the transport of reacting species (oxygen) and the reaction product (carbon dioxide) is modeled using homogenized mass conservation equations. The moving reaction front in carbon fibers at the micro‐scale is tracked using level set method and an adaptive meshing strategy. The macroscopic weight loss of the composite when exposed to oxygen is simulated as a function of time using a coupled finite element methodology at various locations in a validated macroscopic model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural network constitutive modelling for non‐linear characterization of anisotropic materials
Authors: Man H. , Furukawa T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a new technique of neural network constitutive modelling for non‐linear characterization of anisotropic materials. The proposed technique, based on a recently developed energy‐based characterization framework, derives the variations of the external work applied to and the strain energy induced in a specimen. The error between the variations of the energies is subsequently applied to correct the neural network properties by using a modified backpropagation algorithm. Unlike the conventional techniques for neural network constitutive modelling, the proposed technique develops models by quantifying the deformation of the specimen on a continuum basis. This allows the neural network constitutive models to be constructed from a single load test of one specimen. Numerical examples first examine the effect of specimen geometries and loading conditions. The effect of noise in the experimental measurements is subsequently investigated while having the applicability for non‐linear constitutive behaviour shown thereafter. The application for anisotropic materials is finally demonstrated by modelling a unidirectional lamina based on the measurements of a biaxial load test on a balanced laminate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stochastic projection schemes for deterministic linear elliptic partial differential equations on random domains
Authors: Mohan P. Surya , Nair Prasanth B. , Keane Andy J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe present stochastic projection schemes for approximating the solution of a class of deterministic linear elliptic partial differential equations defined on random domains. The key idea is to carry out spatial discretization using a combination of finite element methods and stochastic mesh representations. We prove a result to establish the conditions that the input uncertainty model must satisfy to ensure the validity of the stochastic mesh representation and hence the well posedness of the problem. Finite element spatial discretization of the governing equations using a stochastic mesh representation results in a linear random algebraic system of equations in a polynomial chaos basis whose coefficients of expansion can be non‐intrusively computed either at the element or the global level. The resulting randomly parametrized algebraic equations are solved using stochastic projection schemes to approximate the response statistics. The proposed approach is demonstrated for modeling diffusion in a square domain with a rough wall and heat transfer analysis of a three‐dimensional gas turbine blade model with uncertainty in the cooling core geometry. The numerical results are compared against Monte–Carlo simulations, and it is shown that the proposed approach provides high‐quality approximations for the first two statistical moments at modest computational effort. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rumination, post‐traumatic growth, and distress: structural equation modelling with cancer survivors
Authors: Morris Bronwyn A. , Shakespeare‐Finch Jane 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: Theoretical models of post‐traumatic growth (PTG) have been derived in the general trauma literature to describe the post‐trauma experience that facilitates the perception of positive life changes. To develop a statistical model identifying factors that are associated with PTG, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used in the current study to assess the relationships between perception of diagnosis severity, rumination, social support, distress, and PTG.Method: A statistical model of PTG was tested in a sample of participants diagnosed with a variety of cancers (N=313).Results: An initial principal components analysis of the measure used to assess rumination revealed three components: intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination of benefits, and life purpose rumination. SEM results indicated that the model fit the data well and that 30% of the variance in PTG was explained by the variables. Trauma severity was directly related to distress, but not to PTG. Deliberately ruminating on benefits and social support were directly related to PTG. Life purpose rumination and intrusive rumination were associated with distress.Conclusions: The model showed that in addition to having unique correlating factors, distress was not related to PTG, thereby providing support for the notion that these are discrete constructs in the post‐diagnosis experience. The statistical model provides support that post‐diagnosis experience is simultaneously shaped by positive and negative life changes and that one or the other outcome may be prevalent or may occur concurrently. As such, an implication for practice is the need for supportive care that is holistic in nature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weight control needs and experiences among rural breast cancer survivors
Authors: Befort Christie A. , Austin Heather , Klemp Jennifer R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: Rural women are understudied in research on weight control among breast cancer survivors despite having higher obesity rates than their urban counterparts placing them at higher risk for recurrence. The purpose of this survey study was to describe weight status and methods used for weight control in rural breast cancer survivors and to examine psychosocial factors in this population associated with weight change since breast cancer diagnosis.Methods: Women treated for breast cancer within the past 6 years at one of three rural Cancer Centers were mailed a survey with a cover letter from their oncology provider.Results: Survey respondents (n=918, 83% response rate) were 96% White non‐Hispanic, on average 3.2 years from treatment, and 11% reported metastatic disease. Among respondents without known metastatic disease, 68% were overweight or obese, 37% were obese, and 25% reported a weight gain exceeding 5 kg since diagnosis. Among the overweight/obese women, 61% were currently attempting weight loss, and the most common weight loss method was dieting on one's own without assistance. Psychosocial factors associated with weight gain since diagnosis included depression, fear of cancer recurrence, diminished physical strength, body image concerns, relationship changes, and financial stressors.Conclusions: The high response rate indicates a general interest in body weight issues among rural BrCa survivors, and the findings highlight the need for weight control programs in this population. Findings also indicate that factors related to poor adjustment to breast cancer are associated with weight gain among rural women. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural characterization of H plasma‐doped ZnO single crystals by positron annihilation spectroscopies
Authors: Anwand Wolfgang , Brauer Gerhard , Cowan Thomas E. , Grambole Dieter , Skorupa Wolfgang , Čížek Jakub , Kuriplach Jan , Procházka Ivan , Egger Werner , Sperr Peter 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNominally undoped, hydrothermally grown ZnO single crystals have been investigated before and after exposure to remote H plasma. Structural characterizations have been made by various positron annihilation spectroscopies (continuous and pulsed slow positron beams, conventional lifetime). The content of bound hydrogen (H‐b) before and after the remote H plasma treatment at the polished side of the crystals was determined at depths of 100 and 600 nm, respectively, using nuclear reaction analysis. At a depth of 100 nm, H‐b increased from (11.8 ± 2.5) to (48.7 ± 7.6) × 1019 cm−3 after remote H plasma treatment, whereas at 600 nm no change in H‐b was observed.
Yttria totally stabilized zirconia nanoparticles obtained through the pyrosol method
Authors: Vasile Bogdan S. , Vasile Otilia R. , Ghitulica Cristina , Andronescu Ecaterina , Dobranis Raluca , Dinu Elena , Trusca Roxana 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this work, 10 mol% yttria‐stabilized cubic zirconia is obtained through the pyrosol method, starting from diluted solutions of zirconyl (IV) nitrate hydrate (ZrO(NO3)2·6H2O) and yttrium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Y(NO3)3·6H2O) in water. The main factors that are influencing the parameters of prepared powders are the concentration of starting solutions, soluble salts type, synthesis temperature, vibration frequency of the piezoelectric ceramics, etc. In the present paper, we investigated the influence of the concentration of starting solutions and of the thermal treatment temperature on the dimensions, morphology, and composition of powders. The methods of analysis used to characterize the obtained powders were X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy/high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM/HRTEM). The only crystallographic phase identified through XRD, for powders prepared at 800 °C and higher and for all concentrations, is cubic zirconia. From SEM images it was observed that there were obtained spherical particles with a medium size of approximately 85 nm. From TEM/HRTEM images it can be seen that the spherical particles are polycrystalline with nanocrystalites reaching a mean dimension of 4 nm.
Kavalactones Yangonin and Methysticin Induce Apoptosis in Human Hepatocytes (HepG2) In Vitro
Authors: Tang J. , Dunlop R. A. , Rowe A. , Rodgers K. J. , Ramzan I. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWhile cases of severe kava hepatotoxicity have been reported, studies examining the toxicity of individual kavalactones are limited. The present study examined the in vitro hepatotoxicity of kavain, methysticin and yangonin on human hepatocytes (HepG2) and the possible mechanism(s) involved. Cytotoxicity was assessed using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ethidium bromide (EB) assays. The mode of cell death was analysed with acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining with fluorescence microscopy. Glutathione oxidation was measured using the ortho‐phthalaldehyde (OPT) fluorescence assay. Kavain had minimal cytotoxicity, methysticin showed moderate concentration‐dependent toxicity and yangonin displayed marked toxicity with ∼40% reduction in viability in the EB assay. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining showed the predominant mode of cell death was apoptosis rather than necrosis. No significant changes were observed in glutathione levels, excluding this as the primary mechanism of cell death in this model. Further studies may elucidate the precise apoptotic pathways responsible and whether toxic kavalactone metabolites are involved. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Alter Cathepsin Activity In vitro
Authors: Speshock Janice L , Braydich-Stolle Laura K , Szymanski Eric R , Hussain Saber M 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNanomaterials are being incorporated into many biological applications for use as therapeutics, sensors, or labels. Silver nanomaterials are being utilized for biological implants and wound dressings as an antiviral material, whereas gold nanomaterials are being used as biological labels or sensors due to their surface properties and biocompatibility. Cytotoxicity data of these materials are becoming more prevalent; however, little research has been performed to understand how the introduction of these materials into cells affects cellular processes. Here, we demonstrate the impact that silver and gold nanoparticles have on cathepsin activity in vitro. Cathepsins are important cellular proteases that are imperative for proper immune system function. We have selected to examine gold and silver nanoparticles due to the increased use of these materials in biological applications. This manuscript depicts how both of these types of nanomaterials affect cathepsin activity, which could impact the host's immune system and its ability to respond to pathogens. Cathepsin B activity decreases in a dose-dependent manner with all nanoparticles tested. Alternatively, the impact of nanoparticles on cathepsin L activity depends greatly on the type and size of the material.
Behavior of Anionic Surfactants and Short Chain Alcohols Mixtures in the Monolayer at the Water–Air Interface
Authors: Zdziennicka Anna , Jańczuk Bronisław 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMeasurements of the surface tension of aqueous solution of mixtures of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDDS) with methanol and ethanol in SDDS concentration range from 10−5 to 10−2 M and mixtures of sodium hexadecyl sulfonate (SHS) with methanol and ethanol at SHS concentration from 10−5 to 8 × 10−4 M and for methanol and ethanol from 0 to 21.1 and, 11.97 M, respectively, were carried out at 293 K. Moreover, the surface tension of aqueous solution mixtures of SDDS with propanol in the concentration range from 0 to 6.67 M taken from the literature was also considered. The results obtained indicate that it is possible to describe the relationship between the surface tension and molar concentration or molar fraction of alcohol by Szyszkowski and Connors equations. However, the Fainerman and Miller equation allows us to predict the isotherm of the surfactant tension at constant anionic surfactants concentration at which their molecules are present in the solution in the monomeric form if the molar area of surfactants and alcohols can be determined. Based on the surface tension isotherms, the Gibbs surface excess of anionic surfactants and alcohols concentration at water–air interface was determined and then recalculated for Guggenheim‐Adam surface excess concentration of these substrates, and next the molar fraction of alcohols and surfactants in the surface layer was determined. These molar fractions were discussed with regard to surfactant and alcohol standard free energy of adsorption at the water–air interface determined from Langmuir and Aronson and Rosen equations. The standard free energy of adsorption determined in these ways was compared to that deduced on the basis of pC20 and Lifshitz van der Waals‐components of the anionic surfactant and alcohol tails.
Behandlungs- und Forschungszentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen Tübingen
Authors: Rieß O. , Graessner H. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung
Das bundesweit erste Behandlungs- und Forschungszentrum für Patienten mit seltenen Erkrankungen (SE) ist in Tübingen eröffnet worden. Eine Erkrankung gilt als „selten“, wenn durchschnittlich weniger als 1 von 2000 Personen daran erkrankt ist. In Deutschland leben etwa 3 Mio. Patienten mit SE. Bis zu 80% der SE sind nach derzeitigem Kenntnisstand genetisch (mit)bedingt. Daher sind Humangenetiker bei der Betreuung dieser Patienten gefordert. Bei der Mehrheit der SE handelt es sich um komplexe Erkrankungen mit Befall mehrerer Organsysteme. Dies erfordert eine intensive interdisziplinäre Betreuung, die in der Regel nur von Universitätsklinika geleistet werden kann.
Zystennieren – eine Übersicht
Authors: Ortiz Brüchle N. , Venghaus A. , von Bothmer J. , Rudnik-Schöneborn S. , Eggermann T. , Bergmann C. , Zerres K. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung
Zystische Nierenerkrankungen umfassen eine klinisch und genetisch heterogene Krankheitsgruppe und stellen mit einer Prävalenz von 1:1000 eine der häufigsten erblichen Erkrankungen dar. Die wichtigsten Formen sind die autosomal-dominante polyzystische Nierenerkrankung (ADPKD), verursacht durch Mutationen im PKD1- und PKD2-Gen, sowie die autosomal-rezessive polyzystische Nierenerkrankung (ARPKD), bedingt durch Mutationen im PKHD1-Gen. Die Produkte der verantwortlichen Gene werden unter dem Begriff Zystoproteine zusammengefasst. Zystoproteine sind meist im Bereich der primären Zilien, aber auch ihrer assoziierten Strukturen wie Basalkörperchen und Zentrosomen lokalisiert. Die erblichen Zystennieren zählen zu der wachsenden Gruppe der Ziliopathien, die auch zahlreiche syndromale Krankheitsbilder einschließen (z. B. Bardet-Biedl-Syndrom, Meckel-Gruber-Syndrom oder Joubert-Syndrom) und deren Abgrenzung mitunter sehr schwierig ist. Hier kann die molekulargenetische Diagnostik wertvolle Beiträge zur klinischen und genetischen Einordnung liefern. Im Algorithmus der genetischen Abklärung sollten neben dem klinischen, ultrasonographischen und morphologischen Bild der Nierenerkrankung weitere Organfunktionsstörungen oder Fehlbildungen sowie die Familienanamnese besonders berücksichtigt werden.
PHOSPHORUS COATING ON PEARL MILLET SEED IN LOW P ALFISOL IMPROVES PLANT ESTABLISHMENT AND INCREASES STOVER MORE THAN SEED YIELD
Authors: KARANAM P. V. , VADEZ V. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYPhosphorus (P) is one of the main limiting nutrients in the semi-arid regions where pearl millet is grown; its deficiency leads to poor seedling establishment and eventually poor crop yield. Experiments were carried out in pots and field-like conditions to evaluate the effect of seed priming and seed coating with P on the shoot biomass at two and four weeks after sowing (WAS), and on the panicle and stover yield at maturity of three hybrid varieties of pearl millet in low P Alfisol. Overall, seed priming did not increase shoot biomass at two and four WAS. In pots, seed coating at a rate of approximately 400 g P ha−1increased vegetative biomass over 400% at early stages, and panicle yield by about 50%, over the non-coated treatment, with genotypic variation in the magnitude of the response. In field-like conditions, seed coating restored stover biomass to 85–100% of that in the non-limiting P treatment, whereas the panicle yield remained 25–35% lower than in the non-limiting P treatment, but still 45–65% higher than the non-coated treatment. P deficiency delayed the time to flowering by 20–24 days compared to the non-limiting P treatment, but plants in the seed coating treatment reduced that gap by 10–14 days. Seed P coating treatment appears a valid option to promote pearl millet seedling establishment and then to boost yield under low soil P conditions. The maintenance of an effect of seed coating on panicle yield in pots suggests a positive early effect on developmental processes before panicle initiation.
Activity of the enzyme adenosine deaminase in serum, erythrocytes and lymphocytes of rats infected withTrypanosoma evansi
Authors: DA SILVA ALEKSANDRO S. , BELLÉ LUZIANE P. , BITENCOURT PAULA E. R. , SOUZA VIVIANE C. G. , COSTA MARCIO M. , OLIVEIRA CAMILA B. , JAQUES JEANDRE A. , LEAL DANIELA B. R. , MORETTO MARIA B. , MAZZANTI CINTHIA M. , LOPES SONIA T. A. , MONTEIRO SILVIA G. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYInTrypanosoma evansiinfections changes in the haemogram are commonly observed, and the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) plays an important role in the production and differentiation of blood cells. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of ADA in serum, erythrocytes and lymphocytes of rats infected withT. evansicompared to non-infected rats. Thirty adult rats were used, divided into 3 uniform groups. The animals in groups A and B were infected intraperitoneally with 2×106trypomastigotes/rat. Rodents from group C (control group), were not-infected. Blood collection was performed on days 4 and 20 post-infection (p.i.) in order to obtain acute and chronic infection stages of disease. The blood was used to assess the activity of ADA. In the blood, reduced haematocrit and increased lymphocytes were correlated with ADA activity in erythrocytes and lymphocytes. We observed reduction of ADA activity in serum and erythrocytes in rats infected withT. evansicompared to non-infected rats (P<0·05). ADA activity in lymphocytes was decreased after 4 days, when the parasitaemia was high and increased after 20 days, when the number of circulating parasites was low. In conclusion, our results showed that the ADA activity was altered in serum, lymphocytes and erythrocytes of rats, concomitantly with haematological parameters, in experimental infection byT. evansi.
The Timing of Remediation and Compensation Rehabilitation Programs for Individuals With Acquired Brain Injuries: Opening the Conversation
Authors: Weissling Kristy , Prentice Carrie 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This article describes the timing of AAC in the rehabilitation of individuals with acquired cognitive-linguistic deficits. Core concepts surrounding the timing of remediation and compensatory rehabilitation programs are explored including mutual exclusion, the perception of “giving up,” acceptance, fear of permanency, and the definition of compensation. A hybrid approach to rehabilitation, which encompasses both remediation and compensation, is proposed.