bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of Human Papillomavirus Infection Concordance
Authors: Reiter Paul L. , Pendergraft William F. , Brewer Noel T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground: Estimates of human papillomavirus (HPV) concordance among sexual partners are important for various public health activities, from counseling individual patients to predicting the effect of HPV vaccination.Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for studies of HPV concordance among heterosexual couples published through 2008 in English. Two coders independently abstracted data using standardized forms. We integrated concordance data using random-effects meta-analysis.Results: Thirty studies (33 study populations) that met inclusion criteria reported concordance data for 2,972 couples. Most studies were cross-sectional cohort studies conducted in Europe or Asia that used DNA hybridization to test for HPV, sometimes in conjunction with PCR. Overall, 25.5% (95% confidence interval, 17.2-36.1%) of couples were infected with 1 or more of the same HPV types. Among couples with both members HPV-positive, 63.2% (95% confidence interval, 49.1-75.3%) were infected with 1 or more of the same viral types. Positive concordance was higher for female partners of men with HPV infections than for male partners of women with HPV infections. Positive concordance was also higher for studies using PCR and for the few studies that recruited men with HPV-related disease.Conclusions: Sexual partners of HPV-infected individuals had high rates of HPV infection, suggesting a need for increased attention to this group.Impact: Our refined estimates of HPV concordance can inform clinical encounters and public health planning. Future HPV concordance studies should use more rigorous research designs, characterize their participants in greater detail, and study more meaningful populations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(11); 2916–31. ©2010 AACR.
Urine Concentrations of a Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine Carcinogen in the U.S. Population from Secondhand Smoke Exposure
Authors: Bernert John T. , Pirkle James L. , Xia Yang , Jain Ram B. , Ashley David L. , Sampson Eric J. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Background: The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and its reduction product in the body, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), are potent pulmonary carcinogens. We have measured total NNAL in the U.S. population of tobacco users and nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke.
Methods: We measured total urinary NNAL (free NNAL plus its glucuronides following hydrolysis) by using a sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method. We calculated the percentage above the limit of detection, the 50th through 95th percentiles, and in some cases, geometric means for groups classified by age, gender, and race/ethnicity.
Results: Total urinary NNAL was measureable at or above its limit of detection (0.6 pg/mL) in 55% of the study participants, including 41% of nonsmokers. The population distribution of urinary NNAL included smoker and nonsmoker regions similar to the bimodal distribution of serum cotinine, and serum cotinine and total urinary NNAL were strongly correlated (r = 0.92; P &lt; 0.001). Among nonsmokers, children had significantly higher concentrations of NNAL than did adults with the age of ≥20 years (P &lt; 0.001).
Conclusions: Among National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants, total NNAL was found at measurable levels in the urine of 41% of nonsmokers and in 87.5% of those with substantial secondhand-smoke exposure (with serum cotinine concentrations of 0.1-10 ng/mL). Children with the age of 6 to 11 years had the highest NNAL concentrations among all nonsmokers.
Impact: We describe for the first time the distribution of total urinary NNAL in the entire U.S. population, including smokers and nonsmokers. NNAL was detected in 41% of all nonsmokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(11); 2969–77. ©2010 AACR.
Case Studies of Easterly Wave Disturbances over Northeast Brazil Using the Eta Model
Authors: Torres Roger Rodrigues , Ferreira Nelson Jesus 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
This research aims to analyze two easterly wave disturbance events that reached the east coast of Northeast Brazil (NEB) on 15 May 2005 and 20 June 2006. The performance of the regional Eta Model was evaluated through four sets of experiments using different horizontal resolutions (10 and 40 km) and convective parameterization schemes [Betts–Miller–Janjić (BMJ) and Kain–Fritsch (KF)]. Through analysis of 700-hPa wind fields, all experiments, with 40- and 10-km horizontal resolutions and using the BMJ and KF schemes, were shown to well represent a trough propagating westward from about 20°W to NEB, with a 5-day forecast range. When evaluating the model sensitivity to different convective parameterizations, all the experiments showed similar results and underestimated rainfall in most of the domain. The obtained results suggest the need to extend this analysis to a larger number of cases and to test other cumulus parameterizations in order to improve the rainfall forecast in eastern NEB.
Triazole-linked Benzylated Glucosyl, Galactosyl, and Mannosyl Monomers and Dimers as Novel Sugar Scaffold-based PTP1B Inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Yin-Jie , He Xiao-Peng , Li Cui , Li Zhen , Shi De-Tai , Gao Li-Xin , Qiu Bei-Ying , Shi Xiao-Xin , Tang Yun , Li Jia , Chen Guo-Rong 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Monomeric and dimeric benzylated glycosyl benzenes were synthesized via copper-catalyzed [3 + 2] azide–alkyne cycloaddition. These compounds were then identified as protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B inhibitors which displayed at least several fold selectivity over other homologous PTPases. The glucosyl, galactosyl, and mannosyl inhibitors exhibited different biological profiles, suggesting the monosaccharides may qualify as chiral scaffolds for probing the spatial preference of PTP1B. Furthermore, docking study suggested a plausible binding mode of this glycoside series with the enzymatic target.
The Synthesis and Flame Retardance of a High Phosphorus-containing Unsaturated Polyester Resin
Authors: Zhang Chen , Liu Shu-Mei , Huang Jun-Yi , Zhao Jian-Qing 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A high phosphorus-containing unsaturated polyester resin (P-UPR) was synthesized by a one-step or two-step method with dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) as a reactive flame retardant. Phosphorus content in the cured P-UPR could be increased to 3.0 wt %, and a low amount of 15.0 wt % DMMP used in the reactants allowed P-UPR to achieve a UL94 V-0 rate. The incorporation of phosphorus into the UPR chain was confirmed by 31P NMR. The condensed phase flame-retardant mechanism of P-UPR was investigated by TG, SEM/EDS, and TG-FTIR.
Effect of Smoking on Langerhans and Dendritic Cells in Patients With Chronic Gingivitis
Authors: Souto Giovanna Ribeiro , Segundo Takeshi Kato , Costa Fernando Oliveira , Aguiar Maria Cássia Ferreira , Mesquita Ricardo Alves 
Published: November 2010

Background: Previous literature showed contrasting results regarding dendritic cell (DC) counts in patients with periodontal diseases. Although smoking decreases the number of DCs in the lungs, the effect of smoking on the quantitative distribution of Langerhans cells (LCs) and DCs in patients with chronic gingivitis has not been investigated to our knowledge.Methods: Gingival samples were obtained from 30 patients (15 smokers and 15 non‐smokers). Immunohistochemical staining was performed to identify CD1a+ immature LCs and CD83+ mature DCs. The inflammatory infiltrate was evaluated and counted. Densities of cells were calculated within the oral epithelium (OE), sulcular epithelium (SE), and lamina propria (LP) for CD1a+ cells and within the LP for CD83+ cells. Results were compared between groups. This study evaluates whether the high number of cigarettes and smoking years affects densities of cells. Correlations among densities of LCs and DCs with densities of inflammatory infiltrate, number of cigarettes, and smoking years were performed.Results: Densities of inflammatory infiltrate and CD1a+ cells from the SE and LP were significantly lower for smokers than for non‐smokers (P <0.05). This result could not be identified for CD1a+ cells from the OE and for CD83+ cells from the LP. The number of cigarettes and smoking years did not affect densities of cells. No statistically significant correlations could be drawn among densities of LCs and DCs and inflammatory infiltrate, number of cigarettes, and smoking years.Conclusion: Smoking proved to affect the quantitative distribution of LCs and DCs in patients with chronic gingivitis.
Severe Periodontitis Is Associated With Diastolic Blood Pressure Elevation in Individuals With Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vieira Carolina L.Z. , Cury Patricia R. , Miname Marcio H. , Martinez Lilton R. , Bortolotto Luiz A. , Giuliano Isabela B. , Santos Raul D. , Caramelli Bruno 
Published: November 2010

Background: This pilot study evaluates the association of severe periodontitis with pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid artery intima‐medial thickness (IMT), and clinical, metabolic, and atherogenic inflammatory markers in 79 subjects with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (hFH). All subjects were free of previous vascular disease manifestations.Methods: The body mass index (in kilograms per square meter), plasma lipids, glucose, C‐reactive protein, and white blood cell counts were evaluated. After full‐mouth periodontal examinations, patients were categorized into the severe periodontitis group (SPG) or non‐severe periodontitis group (NSPG).Results: The SPG showed significantly higher values of cholesterol‐year scores, triglycerides, glucose, PWV, IMT, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P ≤0.05) than the NSPG. After adjustment for traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis, only the association between severe periodontitis and DBP (odds ratio: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.1 to 8.5; P = 0.03) was confirmed.Conclusion: In individuals with hFH, severe periodontitis was associated with a higher DBP, which suggests that severe periodontitis, itself, may contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk profile in this population.
Catching up with the past: historians, pictures and PCs
Authors: Sawyer Andrew 
Published: November 2010

Sources such as imagery and video and audio material are increasing being adopted in an evidential, rather than an allusive role by historians seeking to exploit them alongside the ‘textual’ data traditionally used. The role of computers in enabling this development has been significant, in enabling greater access to such sources (via CD and online collections, for example) an in providing tools for the analysis of novel sources (such as KLEIO Image Analysis System). At the same time the impact of ‘postmodernity’ upon the study of history has led to a growth in interest in theoretical issues which challenge many of the assumptions upon which the discipline is based. This paper addresses those issues from the narrower perspective – that gained during a detailed historical study of political prints produced during the late 16th and early 17th centuries, which have been digitally modelled, and analysed using KLEIO IAS. It suggests that in adopting less traditional sources, the nature of those sources and methodological shifts they impose will render it imperative for historians to engage with theoretical issues raised by postmodernity.
Internet et société : reconfigurations du patient et de la médecine ?
Authors: Hardey Michael 
Published: November 2010

Internet y sociedad : una nueva configuración del paciente y de la medicina ?
Este artículo muestra que la disponibilidad de informaciones médicas sobre Internet tiene una función importante en la transformación de los conocimientos médicos y en las relaciones que cada persona mantiene con la información y los consejos en materia de salud. La « e.salud », tal como está definida aquí, escapa a los modelos de organización médicos o tecnológicos que dieron lugar a la elaboración de denominaciones taies como la ciber-medicina, la tele-medicina o la informática médica. Apoyándonos en la teorización de las relaciones entre reflexividad, salud e información, ponemos en evidencia algunos puntos- clave en las evoluciones constatadas respecto a los peligros que pesan sobre el peritaje médico y la seguridad del público y las relaciones médico/paciente. Este análisis sugiere que la múltiplicidad de los conocimientos disponibles sobre Internet y la disolución de la frontera existente entre productores e utilizadores de información, conducen a cambios importantes en los conocimientos médicos.
Téléchirurgie et nouvelles pratiques professionnelles : les enjeux interactionnels d'opérations chirurgicales réalisées par visioconférence
Authors: Mondada Lorenza 
Published: November 2010

Telesurgery and new professional practices
Telesurgery is one among the fields raising the question of the transformation of professional practices in the context of new technological environments. To give an anwer to this question implies to go into a detailed analysis of médical practices. In this paper, we propose to make such an analysis, studying the case of surgical teams performing operations with the distant collaboration of an expert, in the context of a telesurgery project. Drawing upon a corpus of video recordings of these operations, we will especially concentrate on the way interactions are organised during the surgical procedure, and on the way in which new technologies, redefinition of collectives implied in such activities, and reconfiguration of work space are articulated to each other within this professional practice.
HIV Type-1 Drug Resistance in Treatment-Naive Patients Monitored Using Minority Species Assays: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Buckton Andrew J , Harris Ross J , Pillay Deenan , Cane Patricia A 
Published: November 2010

Background The detection of mutations associated with drug resistance in HIV type-1 might be increased by applying minority species assays capable of identifying low frequency mutations in comparison with the use of population sequencing alone. Because minority species assays are mutation-specific, the benefit of this approach differs depending on the mutation being detected. Methods We performed a systematic review of published data reporting detection of genotypic drug resistance using allele-specific (AS)-PCR minority assays and by standard DNA sequencing in drug-naive populations. We calculated the fold increase of mutation detection for each study and pooled these via meta-analysis, displaying results using Forest plots. Results Our studies revealed an increase in detection of 1.9-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–2.7; P<0.0005) for K103N, 4.4-fold (95% CI 1.2–16.6; P=0.026) for Y181C, 4.8-fold (95% CI 1.5–15.1; P=0.008) for L90M and 8.7-fold (95% CI 4.0–18.6; P<0.0005) for M184V. We found no relationship between AS-PCR assay sensitivity and frequency of additional mutation detection. Conclusions Additional detection of drug resistance mutations using AS-PCR minority mutation assays vary significantly depending on the mutation examined; however, the most marked increase in detection of resistance mutations was observed for M184V, a mutation seldom detected by standard techniques in drug-naive patients. We suggest that the presence of drug resistance mutations can be more accurately estimated using a combination of AS-PCR and standard genotyping.
Differences in the constitutive terpene profile of lodgepole pine across a geographical range in British Columbia, and correlation with historical attack by mountain pine beetle
Authors: Clark Erin L. , Carroll Allan L. , Huber Dezene P.W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe mountain pine beetle,Dendroctonus ponderosaeHopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a destructive insect pest in western Nearctic conifer forests. Currently, British Columbia, Canada, is experiencing the largest recorded outbreak of this insect, including areas that historically have had low climatic suitability for it. We analyzed 26 constitutive resin terpenes in phloem samples from British Columbia lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) populations to test for differential resistance to mountain pine beetle attack, based upon the likelihood of previous exposure to mountain pine beetle. We assessed sampled trees for number of mountain pine beetle attacks, number of pupal chambers, and tree survival the following spring. Significant differences were found when levels of certain terpenes in lodgepole pine populations that had likely experienced substantial mountain pine beetle infestations in the past were compared with those in populations that likely had not experienced large outbreaks of mountain pine beetle. Although we expected southern pine populations to contain more total terpenes than northern populations, owing to higher historical exposure to the beetle, the converse was found. Northern populations generally had higher levels of constitutive terpenes and beetle attack than southern populations. Because several terpenes are kairomones to the mountain pine beetle and also serve as precursors for the synthesis of pheromones, the lower levels of terpenes expressed by lodgepole pines from the historical range of the mountain pine beetle may render them less chemically perceptible to foraging beetles.
Molecular comparisons of alphabaculovirus-based products: Gypchek with Disparvirus (Lymantria dispar) and TM BioControl-1 with Virtuss (Orgyia pseudotsugata)
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Lapointe Renée , Thumbi David , Morin Benoit , Lucarotti Christopher J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) has been registered as a microbial pest-control product in the United States (Gypchek®) and Canada (Disparvirus®). Similarly, Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV) is registered in the United States and Canada as TM BioControl-1® and a product derived from TM BioControl-1 (Virtuss®) is also registered in Canada. To determine changes that may have occurred in these products over time, we compared DNA from Gypchek with Disparvirus and DNA from TM BioControl-1 with Virtuss using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Gypchek and Disparvirus showed the same RFLP banding patterns when viral genomic DNA was digested with BamH I, EcoR V, and Hind III and only a single band difference at approximately 1.6 kilobase (kb) when digested with Bgl II. TM BioControl-1 and Virtuss showed no differences in genomic DNA when digested with Bgl II, Sam I or Hind III. Twelve viral open reading frames (ORFs) were amplified from Gypchek and Disparvirus and nine from TM BioControl-1 and Virtuss by polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The amplified ORFs ranged from highly conserved (polyhedrin) to least conserved (vp91 capsid associated protein). The products were sequenced and the deduced protein products compared. Amino acid sequences deduced from the sequenced PCR products indicated that 8 of the 12 proteins were identical in the two LdMNPV products. The four proteins showing minor sequence variations were DNA polymerase, LEF-8, P74 envelope protein, and VP 91 capsid associated protein. No differences were detected in the protein products deduced from the nine sequenced ORFs from TM BioControl-1 and Virtuss. Comparative RFLP and protein phylogenetic analyses of Gypchek with Disparvirus and TM BioControl-1 with Virtuss revealed little difference between the respective LdMNPV and OpMNPV populations that make up these product pairs.
Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Lee Hun J. , Thompson James E. , Wang Eunice S. , Wetzler Meir 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) is the most common cytogenetic abnormality associated with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Before the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), Ph‐positive ALL carried a dismal prognosis and was characterized by a poor response to most chemotherapy combinations, short remission durations, and poor survival rates. Outcomes for patients with Ph‐positive ALL improved substantially with the introduction of TKIs, and the TKI imatinib induced complete remissions in >95% of patients with newly diagnosed Ph‐positive ALL when it was combined with chemotherapy. However, imatinib resistance remains a problem in a substantial proportion of patients with Ph‐positive ALL, and multiple molecular mechanisms that contribute to imatinib resistance have been identified. Second‐generation TKIs (eg, dasatinib and nilotinib) have demonstrated promising efficacy in the treatment of imatinib‐resistant, Ph‐positive ALL. Future strategies for Ph‐positive ALL include novel, molecularly targeted treatment modalities and further evaluations of TKIs in combination with established antileukemic agents. For this article, the authors reviewed past, current, and future treatment approaches for adult and elderly patients with Ph‐positive ALL with a focus on TKIs and combined chemotherapeutic regimens. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Temperature effects on snapping performance in the common snapper Chelydra serpentina (Reptilia, Testudines)
Authors: Vervust Bart , Brecko Jonathan , Herrel Anthony 
Published: November 2010

AbstractStudies on the effect of temperature on whole‐animal performance traits other than locomotion are rare. Here we investigate the effects of temperature on the performance of the turtle feeding apparatus in a defensive context. We measured bite force and the kinematics of snapping in the Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) over a wide range of body temperatures. Bite force performance was thermally insensitive over the broad range of temperatures typically experienced by these turtles in nature. In contrast, neck extension (velocity, acceleration, and deceleration) and jaw movements (velocity, acceleration, and deceleration) showed clear temperature dependence with peak acceleration and deceleration capacity increasing with increasing temperatures. Our results regarding the temperature dependence of defensive behavior are reflected by the ecology and overall behavior of this species. These data illustrate the necessity for carefully controlling Tb when carrying out behavioral and functional studies on turtles as temperature affects the velocity, acceleration, and deceleration of jaw and neck extension movements. More generally, these data add to the limited but increasing number of studies showing that temperature may have important effects on feeding and defensive performance in ectotherms. J. Exp. Zool. 315:41–47, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.