bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge discovery from sensor data (SensorKDD)
Authors: Chandola Varun , Omitaomu Olufemi A. , Ganguly Auroop R. , Vatsavai Ranga R. , Chawla Nitesh V. , Gama Joao , Gaber Mohamed M. 
Published: April 2011

Sensor data is being collected at an unprecedented rate across a variety of domains from a broad spectrum of sources, such as wide-area sensor infrastructures, remote sensing instruments, RFIDs, and wireless sensor networks. With the recent proliferation of smart-phones, and similar GPS enabled mobile devices, collection of sensor data is no longer limited to scientific communities, but has reached general public. With massive volumes of such disparate, dynamic, and geographically distributed data available, many high-priority applications have been identified that involve analysis of such data to solve real world problems such as understanding climate change and its impacts, electric grid monitoring, disaster preparedness and management, national or homeland security, and the management of critical infrastructures.
Given the unique characteristics of sensor data, particularly its spatiotemporal nature and presence of constraints associated with the data collection and computational resources, there have been many research efforts to analyze the sensor data which build upon the general research in the data mining community but are significantly different in terms of how they address the specific challenges encountered when dealing with sensor data. In particular, the raw data from sensors needs to be efficiently managed and transformed to usable information through data fusion, which in turn must be converted to predictive insights via knowledge discovery, ultimately facilitating automated or humaninduced tactical decisions or strategic policy based on decision sciences and decision support systems.
Keeping in view the requirements of the emerging field of knowledge discovery from sensor data, we took initiative to develop a community of researchers with common interests and scientific goals, which culminated into the organization of SensorKDD series of workshops in conjunction with the prestigious ACM SIGKDD International Conference of Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. In this report, we summarize events at the Fourth ACM-SIGKDD International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery form Sensor Data (SensorKDD 2010).
miR-15 and miR-16 Are Direct Transcriptional Targets of E2F1 that Limit E2F-Induced Proliferation by Targeting Cyclin E
Authors: Ofir Matan , Hacohen Dalia , Ginsberg Doron 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
microRNAs (miR) are small noncoding RNA molecules that have recently emerged as critical regulators of gene expression and are often deregulated in cancer. In particular, miRs encoded by the miR-15a, miR-16-1 cluster seem to act as tumor suppressors. Here, we evidence that the miR-15a, miR-16-1 cluster and related miR-15b, miR-16-2 cluster comprise miRs regulated by E2F1, a pivotal transcription factor that can induce both proliferation and cell death. E2F1 is a critical downstream target of the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma (RB). The RB pathway is often inactivated in human tumors resulting in deregulated E2F activity. We show that expression levels of the 4 mature miRs, miR-15a, miR-16-1 and miR-15b, miR-16-2, as well as their precursor pri-miRNAs, are elevated upon activation of ectopic E2F1. Moreover, activation of endogenous E2Fs upregulates expression of these miRs and endogenous E2F1 binds their respective promoters. Importantly, we corroborate that miR-15a/b inhibits expression of cyclin E, the latter a key direct transcriptional target of E2F pivotal for the G1/S transition, raising the possibility that E2F1, miR-15, and cyclin E constitute a feed-forward loop that modulates E2F activity and cell-cycle progression. In support of this, ectopic expression of miR-15 inhibits the G1/S transition, and, conversely, inhibition of miR-15 expression enhances E2F1-induced upregulation of cyclin E1 levels. Furthermore, inhibition of both miR-15 and miR-16 enhances E2F1-induced G1/S transition. In summary, our data identify the miR-15 and miR-16 families as novel transcriptional targets of E2F, which, in turn, modulates E2F activity. Mol Cancer Res; 9(4); 440–7. ©2011 AACR.
Deafferentation of the Affected Arm
Authors: Weiss Thomas , Sens Elisabeth , Teschner Ulrike , Meissner Winfried , Preul Christoph , Witte Otto W. , Miltner Wolfgang H.R. 
Published: April 2011

Background and Purpose—
Reduced somatosensation is a common impairment after stroke. This somatosensory deficit is known to be a reliable predictor of poor rehabilitation outcome. Several methods of physical therapy have addressed this problem, but with only moderate success. Here, we used a new neural plasticity-based approach, ie, a simple, inexpensive, pharmacologically induced temporary functional deafferentation (TFD) of the forearm to investigate whether TFD might result in beneficial effects on the somatosensory sensibility and motor capacity of the stroke-affected hand.

Methods—
Examination was performed over 2 consecutive days of an efficient rehabilitation program for stroke patients referred to as constraint-induced movement therapy. Patients were deafferented on one of these days but not on the other (placebo session). The order of deafferentation and nondeafferentation was counterbalanced across patients. TFD of the stroke-affected forearm was realized using an anesthetic cream. Somatosensory abilities were assessed by a Grating orienting task, and a shape-sorter drum task was used to test motor performance. Both tests were performed each day before and after the constraint-induced movement therapy training session.

Results—
We found significantly better outcomes for Grating orienting task and shape-sorter drum task after TFD on the forearm as compared to placebo, indicating increased somatosensory abilities and motor performance in stroke patients using the simple TFD procedure.

Conclusions—
The improvement was achieved during the course of one of the best established poststroke rehabilitation programs, suggesting that TFD on the more affected forearm might become an efficient additional tool in stroke rehabilitation.
Effects of a Single Dose of Dantrolene in Patients With Cerebral Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Muehlschlegel Susanne , Rordorf Guy , Sims John 
Published: April 2011

Background and Purpose—
New therapies for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage are needed because of its high morbidity and mortality rates. We investigated the feasibility and safety of a single dose of intravenous dantrolene and its effect on transcranial Doppler in cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Methods—
In a prospective, open-label, single-dose ascending safety trial, 5 patients received intravenous dantrolene 1.25 mg/kg and the next 5 patients received 2.5 mg/kg over the course of 60 minutes. All other infusions were kept steady and hemodynamic parameters were recorded. Transcranial Doppler was performed at 0, 45, 90, and 135 minutes relative to infusion start. Basic chemistries, serum osmolality, arterial blood gas, and liver enzymes were measured before and after.

Results—

Laboratory values and hemodynamic parameters remained unchanged except for a decrease in the systolic blood pressure in the low-dose group (−8 mm Hg; 95% CI, −26 to 10 mm Hg;
P
=0.027). After correcting for this decrease in blood pressure, peak systolic transcranial Doppler velocities decreased significantly (−26 cm/s; 95% CI, −47 to −5 cm/s;
P
=0.02), with a borderline change in mean velocities in the low-dose group (−16 cm/s; 95% CI, −36 to 4 cm/s;
P
=0.07) and peak systolic transcranial Doppler velocity in the high-dose group (−26 cm/s; 95% CI, −56 to 5 cm/s;
P
=0.05).

Conclusions—
In this pilot study, a single dose of intravenous dantrolene in cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage appears feasible while inhibiting vasoconstriction in the low-dose group, but it may lower blood pressure. Our study provides useful data for the design of larger future studies.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00964548.
Late Reopening of Adequately Coiled Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Ferns Sandra P. , Sprengers Marieke E.S. , van Rooij Willem Jan , van Zwam Wim H. , de Kort Gérard A.P. , Velthuis Birgitta K. , Schaafsma Joanna D. , van den Berg René , Sluzewski Menno , Brouwer Patrick A. , Rinkel Gabriël J.E. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. 
Published: April 2011

Background and Purpose—
In aneurysms that are adequately occluded 6 months after coiling, the risk of late reopening is largely unknown. We assessed the occurrence of late aneurysm reopening and possible risk factors.

Methods—
From January 1995 to June 2005, 1808 intracranial aneurysms were coiled in 1675 patients at 7 medical centers. At 6 months, 1066 aneurysms in 971 patients were adequately occluded. At mean 6.0 years after coiling, of the 971 patients, 400 patients with 440 aneurysms underwent 3 Tesla magnetic resonance angiography to assess occlusion status of the aneurysms. Proportions and corresponding 95% CI of aneurysm reopening and retreatment were calculated. Risk factors for late reopening were assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, and included patient sex, rupture status of aneurysms, aneurysm size ≥10 mm, and aneurysm location.

Results—
In 11 of 400 patients (2.8%; 95% CI, 1.4–4.9%) with 440 aneurysms (2.5%; 95% CI, 1.0–4.0%), late reopening had occurred; 3 reopened aneurysms were retreated (0.7%; 95% CI, 0.2–1.5%). Independent predictors for late reopening were aneurysm size ≥10 mm (OR 4.7; 95% CI, 1.3–16.3) and location on basilar tip (OR 3.9; 95% CI, 1.1–14.6). There were no late reopenings in the 143 anterior cerebral artery aneurysms.

Conclusions—
For the vast majority of adequately occluded intracranial aneurysms 6 months after coiling (those <10 mm and not located on basilar tip), prolonged imaging follow-up within the first 5 to 10 years after coiling does not seem beneficial in terms of detecting reopened aneurysms that need retreatment. Whether patients might benefit from screening beyond the 5- to 10-year interval is not yet clear.
Oxygen Insensitivity of the Histochemical Assay of Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity for the Detection of (Pre)Neoplasm in Rat Liver
Authors: Jong Jonas S.S.G. De , Frederiks Wilma M. , Noorden Cornelis J.F. Van 
Published: April 2011

Oxygen insensitivity of the histochemical assay to detect glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity with NT as tetrazolium salt has been proved to be a powerful tool to discriminate various types of adenocarcinoma from normal tissues. Here we investigated whether this phenomenon can also be applied to differentiate between chemically induced hepatocellular (pre)neoplasms and normal liver tissue in rats. Residual activity (percentage of the amount of final reaction product that is generated in oxygen and that is generated in nitrogen) was 60% in (pre)neoplastic cells and 6% in normal liver parenchymal cells. This means that the oxygen insensitivity test is a useful tool to distinguish (pre)neoplasms from normal rat liver tissue. N-Ethylmaleimide, a blocker of SH groups, did not affect G6PD activity in (pre)neoplastic cells, whereas activity in normal cells was reduced by half. Therefore, the absence of essential SH groups in G6PD in (pre)neoplastic cells is held responsible for the oxygen insensitivity phenomenon. We conclude that oxygen insensitivity of the histochemical assay for G6PD activity is a fast, easy, and cheap tool to diagnose (pre)neoplasms in rat liver. Discrimination is likely to be based on altered properties of the enzyme in (pre)neoplastic cells. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:565–571, 2001)
Immunohistochemical Demonstration of α1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that Forms GlcNAcα1,4Galβ Residues in Human Gastrointestinal Mucosa
Authors: Zhang Mu Xia , Nakayama Jun , Hidaka Eiko , Kubota Seiko , Yan Jing , Ota Hiroyoshi , Fukuda Minoru 
Published: April 2011

α;1,4- N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (α4GnT) is a glycosyltransferase that mediates transfer of GlcNAc to βGal residues with α1,4-linkage, forming GlcNAcα1 → 4Galβ→R structures. In normal human tissues, glycoproteins having GlcNAcα1→4Galβ→R structures at non-reducing terminals are exclusively limited to the mucins secreted from glandular mucous cells of gastric mucosa, Brunner's gland of duodenum, and accessory gland of pancreaticobiliary tract. Recently, we have isolated a cDNA encoding human α4GnT by expression cloning. Although α4GnT plays a key role in producing this unique glycan in vitro, the actual localization of α4GnT was not determined. In this study we examined the localization of α4GnT in various human tissues, including gastrointestinal mucosa, using a newly developed antibody against human α4GnT. The specificity of the antibody was confirmed by analyses of human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells transfected by α4GnT cDNA. Expression of α4GnT was largely associated with the Golgi region of mucous cells that produce the mucous glycoproteins having GlcNAcα1→4Galβ→R, such as the glandular mucous cells of stomach and Brunner's gland. An immunoprecipitation experiment disclosed that two distinct mucin proteins, MUC5AC and MUC6 present in gastric mucin, carried the GlcNAcα1→4Galβ→R structures. These results indicate that α4GnT is critical to form the mucous glycoproteins having GlcNAcα1→4Galβ→R on MUC6 and MUC5AC in vivo. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:587–596, 2001)
The Role of 15-lipoxygenase in Disruption of the Peroxisomal Membrane and in Programmed Degradation of Peroxisomes in Normal Rat Liver
Authors: Yokota Sadaki , Oda Toshiaki , Fahimi H. Dariush 
Published: April 2011

Our earlier electron microscopic observations revealed that prolonged exposure of glutaraldehyde-fixed rat liver sections to buffer solutions induced focal membrane disruptions of peroxisomes with catalase diffusion as shown cytochemically. Recently, it was suggested that 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) might be involved in natural degradation of membrane-bound organelles in reticulocytes by integrating into and permeabilizing the organelle membranes, leading to the release of matrix proteins. We have now investigated the localization of 15-LOX and its role in degradation of peroxisomal membranes in rat liver. Aldehyde-fixed liver slices were incubated in a medium that conserved the 15-LOX activity, consisting of 50 mM HEPES–KOH buffer (pH 7.4), 5 mM mercaptoethanol, 1 mM MgCl2, 15 mM NaN3, and 0.2 M sucrose, in presence or absence of 0.5–0.05 mM propyl gallate or esculetin, two inhibitors of 15-LOX. The exposure of aldehyde-fixed liver sections to this medium induced focal disruptions of peroxisome membranes and catalase diffusion around some but not all peroxisomes. This was significantly reduced by both 15-LOX inhibitors, propyl gallate and esculetin, with the latter being more effective. Double immunofluorescent staining for 15-LOX and catalase revealed that 15-LOX was co-localized with catalase in some but not all peroxisomes in rat hepatocytes. By postembedding immunoelectron microscopy, gold labeling was localized on membranes of some peroxisomes. These observations suggest that 15-LOX is involved in degradation of peroxisomal membranes and might have a physiological role in programmed degradation and turnover of peroxisomes in hepatocytes. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:613–621, 2001)
Immunocytochemical Localization of Secretory Phospholipase A2-like Protein in the Pituitary Gland and Surrounding Tissue of the Bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana
Authors: Yaoi Yuichi , Kikuyama Sakae , Hayashi Hiroaki , Hanaoka Yoichi , Sakai Makoto , Tanaka Shigeyasu 
Published: April 2011

Previously, we obtained a protein that has considerable amino acid sequence homology with secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from a bullfrog pituitary fraction obtained during the purification of thyrotropin (TSH). Subsequently, partial amino acid sequence (N-terminal 45 amino acid residues) analysis revealed this protein to be identical to the N-terminal amino acid sequence of otoconin-22, the major protein of aragonitic otoconia in the Xenopus saccule. In this study we developed an antibody against the N-terminal peptide of the bullfrog protein and applied it for immunocytochemical study of the pituitary and its surrounding tissue. Western blotting analysis showed that this antibody recognizes a 20.4-kD protein that has a molecular mass close to that of otoconin-22. Immunohistochemical reaction with the antibody was not found in any anterior pituitary cells but was intense in the monolayer epithelial cells of the endolymphatic sac surrounding the pituitary gland, which is a major storage site of calcium carbonate in amphibians. An electron microscopic study revealed that the cuboidal cells in the endolymphatic sac contained large, polymorphic secretory granules in their apical cytoplasm. Immunogold particles indicating the presence of a PLA2-like protein were observed predominately in these secretory granules. These findings support the view that this PLA2-like protein obtained during purification of TSH was derived from the endolymphatic sac adhering to the pituitary and that this protein is a bullfrog otoconin. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:631–637, 2001)
Defining a Molecularly Normal Colon
Authors: Murphy Kelley J. , Nielson Kandice R. , Albertine Kurt H. 
Published: April 2011

As techniques evolve that allow molecular characterization of disease processes such as cancer, definition of “normal” at a molecular level becomes increasingly important. Increasingly large numbers of mutations are found at the genomic level, but whether all of those mutations contribute to the malignant state of a carcinoma cell is not clear. Without knowledge of what constitutes normality on the proteomic level in an organ or cell, we cannot determine what genomic changes are physiologically important. Traditionally, colon cancer is identified and classified by histological criteria. Margins of the colon are defined as “grossly uninvolved” when the histology is indistinguishable from that of normal (free from disease) colon. By using molecular pathology techniques and working backward from colon adenocarcinoma to hypoplastic polyps to presumably normal mucosa, we defined some of those protein differences. Our results may provide a molecular basis for identifying tumor formation and progression in situ. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:667–668, 2001)
Comparison of Immunologic Amplification vs Enzymatic Deposition of Fluorochrome-conjugated Tyramide as Detection Systems for FISH
Authors: Macechko P. Timothy , Krueger Lisa , Hirsch Betsy , Erlandsen Stanley L. 
Published: April 2011

Using various sizes and dilutions of hapten-conjugated DNA probes, we compared catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD) to fluorochrome-conjugated antibody layering (immunological method) for amplifying FISH signals. Cosmid and phage probes that contained human DNA inserts of 40 kb and 15 kb, respectively, and were mapped to chromosome 15q11.2 were used to evaluate these amplification methods. The probes were used either at standard concentrations (10 ng/μl) or at dilutions up to 1:40 (0.25 ng/μl). Detection of FISH signals using either immunological (three antibody layers) or CARD methods were comparable when the undiluted (10 ng/μl) or 1:4 dilution (2.5 ng/μl) of the cosmid probe was used. Use of a single fluorochrome-conjugated antibody layer produced very weak FISH signals. However, addition of an unlabeled secondary antibody followed by a third antibody conjugated to the same fluorochrome (i.e., two rounds of amplification) produced a strong signal that was detected at a 1:4 probe dilution but was not successfully detected at probe dilutions of 1:10 or greater. In contrast, intense probe signals were produced with the CARD method at all probe dilutions, particularly when coupled to extended hapten-antibody incubation times. The 15-kb phage probe was difficult to detect at a 1:4 dilution with the standard immunologic amplification methods but was readily detected with the CARD method. These data suggest that CARD may be useful for FISH in that (a) less probe may be needed and therefore valuable probe reagents may be conserved, and (b) smaller targets may be detected, thus extending the range of this technique. (J Histochem Cytochem 45:359–363, 1997)
Immunocytochemical Localization of Na+,K+-ATPase in the Calcium-transporting Sternal Epithelium of the Terrestrial Isopod Porcellio scaber L. (Crustacea)
Authors: Ziegler Andreas 
Published: April 2011

Terrestrial isopods store large amounts of calcium carbonate between the epithelium and the old cuticle of the first four anterior sternites before molt. During the formation of these sternal CaCO3 deposits, large amounts of calcium are transported across the anterior sternal epithelium from the base to the apical side of the integument, and in the reverse direction during resorption of the deposit. A monoclonal antibody against the avian α-subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase was used to localize Na+,K+-ATPase in the anterior and the posterior sternal epithelium of Porcellio scaber. Semithin cryosections 0.5 μm thick were used for immunofluorescence microscopy and ultrathin cryosections for immunogold electron microscopy. The Na+,K+-ATPase was localized in the basolateral plasma membrane of the posterior and anterior sternal epithelium. The apical plasma membrane, including cytoplasmic extensions into the newly secreted cuticle, was virtually devoid of the enzyme. This pattern of immunolocalization was not affected by the direction of transepithelial calcium transport associated with the deposition and resorption phases of the molt cycle. (J Histochem Cytochem 45:437–446, 1997)
Implementation of a Diabetes Self-management Education Program in Primary Care for Adults Using Shared Medical Appointments
Authors: Sanchez Iris 
Published: April 2011

Purpose The purpose of this study was to implement diabetes self-management education in primary care using the Chronic Care Model and shared medical appointments (SMA) to provide evidence-based interventions to improve process and measure outcomes. Methods A quality improvement project using the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle was implemented in a primarycare setting in South Texas to provide diabetes self-management education for adults. Biological measures were evaluated in 70 patients at initiation of the project and thereafter based on current practice guidelines. Results The results of the project were consistent with the literature regarding the benefits, sustainability, and viability of SMA. As compared with that in studies presented in the literature, the patient population who participated in SMA had similar outcomes regarding improvement in A1C, self-management skills, and satisfaction. SMA are an innovative system redesign concept with the potential to provide comprehensive and coordinated care for patients with multiple and chronic health conditions while still being an efficient, effective, financially viable, and sustainable program. Conclusions As the incidence and prevalence of diabetes increase, innovative models of care can meet the growing demand for access and utilization of diabetes self-management education programs. Programs focusing on chronic conditions to improve outcomes can be replicated by health care providers in primary care settings. SMA can increase revenue and productivity, improve disease management, and increase provider and patient satisfaction.