bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a CE‐ESI‐microTOF‐MS method for a rapid identification of phenolic compounds in buckwheat
Authors: Verardo Vito , Gomez‐Caravaca Ana Maria , Segura‐Carretero Antonio , Caboni Maria Fiorenza , Fernández‐Gutiérrez Alberto 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA sensitive CE‐ESI‐MS analytical method for the identification of buckwheat antioxidants has been developed. CE and ESI‐TOF parameters (e.g. buffer composition and pH, sheath liquid composition, sheath liquid and gas flow rates, electrospray voltage) were optimized to obtain an optimal analytical separation and identification. The results confirmed the presence of phenolic acids, procyanidins and galloylated propelargonidins. The identification of swertiamacroside and 2‐hydroxy‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosil‐benzoic acid, found for the first time in our previous work, has been confirmed. Furthermore, 5,7,4′‐trimethoxyflavan and dihydroxy‐trimethoxyisoflavan have also been tentatively identified for the first time in buckwheat.
Detection and treatment of post stroke depression: results from the registry of the Canadian stroke network
Authors: Herrmann Nathan , Seitz Dallas , Fischer Hadas , Saposnik Gustavo , Calzavara Andrew , Anderson Geoff , Rochon Paula 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundDepression occurs in approximately one‐third of patients following stroke based on studies that screen entire stroke populations. Less is known about the detection and treatment of post stroke depression (PSD) in routine clinical practice.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of 7643 consecutive stroke patients >66 years of age, from 13 designated stroke centres in Ontario, Canada. PSD was defined as (a) presence of strong evidence of depression documented in the patient chart plus a prescribed antidepressant and a psychiatric consult, or (b) prescription of a new antidepressant following admission. The prevalence of PSD was determined and patients with and without PSD were compared on a variety of measures. Patients admitted to specialized stroke units were compared to patients admitted to standard units in order to determine if PSD detection and treatment rates differed.ResultsPSD was diagnosed in 4.8%, and 6.7% were treated with a new antidepressant. Patients with PSD had more severe strokes, more functional handicap, longer hospital stays and were less likely to be discharged home (all p < 0.001). Patients admitted to specialized stroke units were more likely to be diagnosed with depression (5.2% vs 4.0%, p < 0.014) and were more likely to receive a new prescription for an antidepressant (7.8% vs 4.5%; p < 0.001).ConclusionsRates of diagnosed and treated PSD in routine clinical practice are low and appear significantly lower than those from studies that utilize active screening of entire stroke populations. These results support the routine screening of all patients for PSD using validated instruments. Specialized stroke unit care may improve PSD detection and treatment rates. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of personality on caregiver's burden, depression and distress related to the BPSD
Authors: Melo Graça , Maroco João , de Mendonça Alexandre 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveWe hypothesize that the personality influences the caregiver's depression, burden and distress related to BPSD.Subjects and methodsParticipants were 105 consecutive patients with dementia and their family caregivers, living at home, attending a Dementia Clinic. A cross‐sectional design was used with an applied a structured interview at home. Comprehensive assessments included: personality (NEO‐FFI), burden (ZBI), depression (CES‐D) and distress related to BPSD (NPI‐distress). Statistical Path analysis was used to study the hypothetical causal and mediating effects between independent and criterion variables.ResultsNeuroticism increased, whereas extraversion decreased, both caregiver's depression and burden. Agreeableness was also found to decrease the burden. The personality characteristics only indirectly influenced the caregiver's distress related to BPSD.ConclusionThese results reinforce the importance of including personality as an individual resource of the caregiver in the conceptual models and research on caregiving. Assessment of caregiver's personality characteristics should be taken into account for the planning of intervention programs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatic autophagy mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress–induced degradation of misfolded apolipoprotein B
Authors: Qiu Wei , Zhang Jing , Dekker Mark J. , Wang Huajin , Huang Ju , Brumell John H. , Adeli Khosrow 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was previously shown to impair hepatic apolipoprotein B100 (apoB) production by enhancing cotranslational and posttranslational degradation of newly synthesized apoB. Here, we report the involvement of autophagy in ER stress–induced degradation of apoB and provide evidence for a significant role of autophagy in regulating apoB biogenesis in primary hepatocyte systems. Induction of ER stress following short-term glucosamine treatment of McA-RH7777 cells resulted in significantly increased colocalization of apoB with green fluorescent protein–microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (GFP-LC3), referred to as apoB-GFP-LC3 puncta, in a dose-dependent manner. Colocalization with this autophagic marker correlated positively with the reduction in newly synthesized apoB100. Treatment of McA-RH7777 cells with 4-phenyl butyric acid, a chemical ER stress inhibitor, prevented glucosamine- and tunicamycin-induced increases in GRP78 and phosphorylated eIF2α, rescued newly synthesized [35S]-labeled apoB100, and substantially blocked the colocalization of apoB with GFP-LC3. Autophagic apoB degradation was also observed in primary rat and hamster hepatocytes at basal conditions as well as upon the induction of ER stress. In contrast, this pathway was inactive in HepG2 cells under ER stress conditions, unless proteasomal degradation was blocked with

N

-acetyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-norleucinal and the medium was supplemented with oleate. Transient transfection of McA-RH7777 cells with a wild-type protein kinase R–like ER kinase (PERK) complementary DNA resulted in dramatic induction of apoB autophagy. In contrast, transfection with a kinase inactive mutant PERK gave rise to reduced apoB autophagy, suggesting that apoB autophagy may occur via a PERK signaling–dependent mechanism.

Conclusion:

Taken together, these data suggest that induction of ER stress leads to markedly enhanced apoB autophagy in a PERK-dependent pathway, which can be blocked with the chemical chaperone 4-phenyl butyric acid. ApoB autophagy rather than proteasomal degradation may be a more pertinent physiological mechanism regulating hepatic lipoprotein production in primary hepatocytes. (Hepatology 2011;)
Parenchymal expression of CD40 exacerbates adenovirus-induced hepatitis in mice
Authors: Yan Jiabin , Jie Zuliang , Hou Lifei , Wanderley Joao L. , Soong Lynn , Gupta Shalini , Qiu Suimin , Chan Tehsheng , Sun Jiaren 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

The healthy adult human liver expresses low levels of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) and undetectable levels of immune costimulatory molecules. However, high levels of MHC II, CD40, and B7 family molecules are expressed in the activated Kupffer cells and hepatocytes of patients with viral hepatitis. The precise role of these molecules in viral clearance and immune-mediated liver injury is not well understood. We hypothesized that parenchymal CD40 expression enhances T cell recruitment and effector functions, which may facilitate viral clearance and alleviate liver injury. To test this hypothesis, we generated novel liver-specific, conditional CD40 transgenic mice, and we challenged them intravenously with a recombinant replication-deficient adenovirus carrying Cre recombinase (AdCre). Wild-type mice infected with AdCre developed a relatively mild course of viral hepatitis and recovered spontaneously. CD40 expression in the livers of transgenic animals, however, resulted in CD80 and CD86 expression. The dysregulation of population dynamics and effector functions of intrahepatic lymphocytes (IHLs) resulted in severe lymphocytic infiltration, apoptosis, necroinflammation, and serum alanine aminotransferase elevations in a dose-dependent fashion. To our surprise, an early expansion and subsequent contraction of IHLs (especially CD8+ and natural killer cells), accompanied by increased granzyme B and interferon-γ production, did not lead to faster viral clearance in CD40 transgenic mice.

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrate that hepatic CD40 expression does not accelerate adenoviral clearance but rather exacerbates liver injury. This study unveils a previously unknown deleterious effect of hepatic CD40 on adenovirus-induced liver inflammation. (Hepatology 2011;)
Steps in prostate cancer progression that lead to bone metastasis
Authors: Jin Jung‐Kang , Dayyani Farshid , Gallick Gary E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractProstate cancer is a complex disease in which metastasis to the bone is the main cause of death. Initial stages of metastasis are generally similar to those for most solid tumors; however, the mechanisms that underlie the homing of prostate tumor cells to the bone are not completely understood. Prostate cancer bone metastasis is also a microenvironment‐driven disease, involving bidirectional interactions between the tumor and the bone microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the biologic processes and regulatory factors involved in the metastasis of prostate cancer cells, and their specific properties that promote growth in bone. Although many of these processes still need to be fully elucidated, a better understanding of the complex tumor/microenvironment interplay is slowly leading to more effective therapies for patients with prostate cancer bone metastases.
General aspects of Hertzian potentials modeling in integrated optics
Authors: Massaro Alessandro , Cingolani Roberto 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThis work introduces a novel time‐domain numerical simulator of integrated optical waveguides. Only solutions of two scalar Helmholtz‐equations are used in the evaluation of electric and magnetic Hertzian‐potentials that yields the electromagnetic field in the time domain, and the frequency response by the discrete Fourier transform. All the field components are obtained directly from the scalar potentials, and are not interrelated as in finite‐difference time domain method. The Hertzian potential method (HPM) considers the field‐perturbation effect in proximity of the dielectric discontinuities by generators modeling and takes into account the numerical error of a wave that travels in a dielectric multilayered optical guide. We present in this work the general finite difference discretization and the numerical setting of the HPM related to optical waveguide full‐wave modeling. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a static and exhaustive extraction procedure for field passive preconcentration of chlorophenols in environmental waters with hollow fiber‐supported liquid membrane
Authors: Feng Ying‐Di , Tan Zhi‐Qiang , Liu Jing‐Fu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA static and exhaustive extraction mode of hollow fiber‐supported liquid membrane was developed for field sample passive pretreatment of environmental water samples. The extraction device was prepared by immobilizing dihexyl ether in the wall of a polypropylene hollow fiber membrane (60 cm length, 50 μm wall thickness, and 280 μm id) as liquid membrane and filling the fiber lumen with 0.1 M NaOH as acceptor, and closing the two ends of the fiber with an aluminum foil. Passive extraction was conducted by immersing the device into 15 mL water samples modified with 0.01 M HCl and 20% m/v NaCl. Model analytes including 4‐chlorophenol, 2,4‐dichlorophenol, and 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol were transferred into acceptor with extraction efficiencies over 79% in 10 h at room temperature, and determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The proposed method has the enrichment factor of 394–498 and LOD of 0.3–0.4 μg/L for the three chlorophenols. Humic acid and salinity in the environmentally relevant range had no significant influence on the extraction, and chlorophenols in various environmental waters were determined with spike recoveries between 71.6 and 120%. The static passive extraction nature benefited field sample pretreatment without power, whereas the exhaustive extraction mode effectively eliminated the sample matrix effects.
Production of Continuous Electrospun Mats with Improved Mechanical Properties
Authors: dos Santos A. M. , Dierck J. , Troch M. , Podevijn M. , Schacht E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new concept of top‐down electrospinning is described. A dedicated apparatus was designed including the adaptation of a movable needle system in combination with a thin conveyor belt made of an insulation material on the top of the grounded collector plate. The new design, termed ‘needle printing’, permits to electrospin mats with increased size, homogeneous and controllable thicknesses. Due to the increase of bending instability and to the ‘needle printing’, the produced fibres are more regular in shape, longer and are deposited more stretched. In contrast to traditional electrospinning, the fibre population is the same in all regions of the mats imparting the same morphological and mechanical properties to each point of the produced structures. magnified image
Accelerated cardiac T2 mapping using breath‐hold multiecho fast spin‐echo pulse sequence with k‐t FOCUSS
Authors: Feng Li , Otazo Ricardo , Jung Hong , Jensen Jens H. , Ye Jong C. , Sodickson Daniel K. , Kim Daniel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCardiac T2 mapping is a promising method for quantitative assessment of myocardial edema and iron overload. We have developed a new multiecho fast spin echo (ME‐FSE) pulse sequence for breath‐hold T2 mapping with acceptable spatial resolution. We propose to further accelerate this new ME‐FSE pulse sequence using k‐t focal underdetermined system solver adapted with a framework that uses both compressed sensing and parallel imaging (e.g., sensitivity encoding) to achieve higher spatial resolution. We imaged 12 control subjects in midventricular short‐axis planes and compared the accuracy of T2 measurements obtained using ME‐FSE with generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions and ME‐FSE with k‐t focal underdetermined system solver. For image reconstruction, we used a bootstrapping two‐step approach, where in the first step fast Fourier transform was used as the sparsifying transform and in the final step principal component analysis was used as the sparsifying transform. When compared with T2 measurements obtained using generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions, T2 measurements obtained using k‐t focal underdetermined system solver were in excellent agreement (mean difference = 0.04 msec; upper/lower 95% limits of agreement were 2.26/−2.19 msec, respectively). The proposed accelerated ME‐FSE pulse sequence with k‐t focal underdetermined system solver is a promising investigational method for rapid T2 measurement of the heart with relatively high spatial resolution (1.7 × 1.7 mm2). Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical, blood oxygenation level‐dependent, and blood flow MRI of nonhuman primate (baboon) retina
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wey Hsiao‐Ying , Nateras Oscar San Emeterio , Peng Qi , De La Garza Bryan H. , Duong Timothy Q. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe goal of this study was to demonstrate high‐resolution anatomical, blood oxygenation level‐dependent, and blood flow MRI on large nonhuman primate retinas using a 3‐Tesla clinical scanner as a first step toward translation. Baboon was chosen because of its evolutionary similarity to human. Anesthetized preparation, free of eye‐movement artifacts, was used to evaluate clinical scanner hardware feasibility and optimize multimodal protocols for retinal MRI. Anatomical MRI (0.1 × 0.2 × 2.0 mm3) before contrast‐agent injection detected three alternating bright–dark–bright layers. The hyperintense inner strip nearest to the vitreous was enhanced by an intravascular contrast agent, which likely included the ganglion and bipolar cell layer and the embedded retinal vessels. The hypointense middle strip showed no contrast enhancement, which likely included the avascular outer unclear layer and photoreceptor segments. The hyperintense outer strip showed contrast enhancement, which likely corresponded to the choroid vascular layer. In the posterior retina, the total thickness including the choroid was 617 ± 101 μm (± standard deviation, n = 7). Blood oxygenation level‐dependent functional MRI (0.3 × 0.6 × 2.0 mm3) of oxygen inhalation relative to air increased the signals by 6.5 ± 1.4%. Basal blood flow (2 × 2 × 2 mm3) was 83 ± 30 mL/100 g/min (air), and hypercapnia increased blood flow by 25 ± 9% (P < 0.05). This study demonstrates multimodal MRI to image anatomy, physiology, and function on large nonhuman primate retinas using a clinical scanner, offering encouraging data to explore human applications. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrashort TE MR imaging of bovine cortical bone: The effect of water loss on the T1 and T2* relaxation times
Authors: Kokabi Nima , Bae Won , Diaz Eric , Chung Christine B. , Bydder Graeme M. , Du Jiang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe effects of water loss on the T1 and T2* of bovine cortical bone were investigated using ultrashort echo time sequences with signals excited either by a short hard pulse or by two longer half pulses. Nine bovine femur samples were prepared and sequentially air‐ and oven‐dried. On average 3.42% of bone by weight was lost after air‐drying for 3 days, with another 5.98% of bone weight loss after oven‐drying at 100°C for 24 h. T1 and T2* were measured after every 1% decrease in weight, with 9–10% bone weight loss at the termination of the drying process. After both forms of drying, the overall T1 decreased 33% from 153 ± 18 ms to 102 ± 17 ms when measured using the hard pulse and from 186 ± 25 ms to 122 ± 23 ms when using the half pulses. T2* decreased by 45–50% from 368 ± 29 μs to 201 ± 19 μs using the hard pulse and from 379 ± 35 μs to 191 ± 17 μs using the half pulses. A steady decrease of 26–31% was observed in both T1 and T2* with the first 3–4% bone water loss after air‐drying. Oven‐drying at 100°C for 24 h resulted on an additional 4% T1 reduction but 25% T2* reduction. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the performance of strain smoothing for quadratic and enriched finite element approximations (XFEM/GFEM/PUFEM)
Authors: Bordas Stéphane P. A. , Natarajan Sundararajan , Kerfriden Pierre , Augarde Charles Edward , Mahapatra D. Roy , Rabczuk Timon , Pont Stefano Dal 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBy using the strain smoothing technique proposed by Chen et al. (Comput. Mech. 2000; 25:137–156) for meshless methods in the context of the finite element method (FEM), Liu et al. (Comput. Mech. 2007; 39(6):859–877) developed the Smoothed FEM (SFEM). Although the SFEM is not yet well understood mathematically, numerical experiments point to potentially useful features of this particularly simple modification of the FEM. To date, the SFEM has only been investigated for bilinear and Wachspress approximations and is limited to linear reproducing conditions. The goal of this paper is to extend the strain smoothing to higher order elements and to investigate numerically in which condition strain smoothing is beneficial to accuracy and convergence of enriched finite element approximations. We focus on three widely used enrichment schemes, namely: (a) weak discontinuities; (b) strong discontinuities; (c) near‐tip linear elastic fracture mechanics functions. The main conclusion is that strain smoothing in enriched approximation is only beneficial when the enrichment functions are polynomial (cases (a) and (b)), but that non‐polynomial enrichment of type (c) lead to inferior methods compared to the standard enriched FEM (e.g. XFEM). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Telezentriefehler und Telezentriebereich
Authors: Schuster Norbert , Weber Simone 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDer Vorzug des telezentrischen Strahlengangs zur Erhöhung der Messgenauigkeit ist allgemein bekannt [1]. Oft aber wird in der Bildverarbeitungspraxis nach dem Telezentriebereich gefragt. Dafür wünscht man sich die Angabe eines Intervalls entlang der optischen Achse, innerhalb dessen die Bildverarbeitungsanlage „fehlerfrei”︁ misst. Ausgehend vom Telezentriefehler des Messobjektivs und vom Schärfentiefenbereich bei der Bildaufnahme durch die elektronische Kamera werden die Einflüsse quantifiziert, die den Telezentriebereich festlegen.
How to Perform a Security Check without Undressing People
Authors: May Torsten , Meyer Hans‐Georg 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPeople have a desire for security, especially when they are about to enter an aircraft. Nobody wants to sit next to a terrorist flying 30,000 ft above ground. So, modern technology is expected to provide a solution to screen anybody willing to enter an aircraft for hidden threats. Obviously the actual solution using metal detectors and manual control is secure only to a certain level; moreover it is inefficient and offending. Security screening and respecting privacy at the same time constitute a conflict which cannot be easily solved. Characteristic for that dilemma is the actual public discussion regarding the so called “strip scanner” [1], where a technology with high security standard obviously violates privacy when in a figurative sense it undresses people and even worse illuminates them with arguable radiation (x‐ray or millimetre waves). This article describes a possible solution, which respects people's privacy and complies with their basic need for security.
Fs‐Lasers for Life Sciences
Authors: Hellerer Thomas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFemtosecond lasers had an unpredictable success in optical sciences ever since they were introduced. Today physicists are still pushing the limits of ultrafast lasers, e.g. the pulse duration down to a single optical cycle and the peak power up to tera or even peta watts. On the other hand, many promising applications have emerged outside the laser laboratories. Mainly the combination of high peak power and low average power make ultrafast lasers very attractive for life sciences. The high peak power enables scientists to take advantage of nonlinear effects while the low average power keeps the cell samples vital/alive. Therefore, it is now possible to gather new information about dynamic life processes that was not accessible before. The studies cover scales reaching from interaction of subcellular compartments up to the physiological reaction of an entire living organism. Some keywords of these applications are “non‐invasive”, “high 3D‐resolution”, “time‐resolved”, “marker‐free”, “contact‐free” and “high penetration depth” among many others.
Microscope Technology and Biomedical Applications: A Fit?
Authors: Kempe Michael , Zimmermann Bernhard , Wolleschensky Ralf 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBiomedical research is increasingly targeting more than just the cell as the classical object of microscopy. On one side of the application spectrum investigations move towards the basic molecular interactions and on the other side large complex systems as model organisms are studied. Both directions and the exploration of function rather than structure provide challenges for the microscopic imaging techniques that — as direct observation methods — are and will remain extremely valuable enabling tools in modern biomedical research.