bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidative, antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oil of wild‐growing Satureja montana L. from Dalmatia, Croatia
Authors: Marin Marija , Novaković Miroslav , Tešević Vele , Vučković Ivan , Milojević Nataša , Vuković‐Gačić Branka , Marin Petar D 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe composition of the essential oil of Satureja montana was examined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Forty‐three compounds were identified, representing approximately 99% of the oil. Major components were γ‐terpinene (8.7%), p‐cymene (16.9%) and carvacrol (44.5%). The oil was tested for its antioxidant activity by using the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl assay and showed dose‐dependent free‐radical‐scavenging activity with an EC50 value of 4.21 mg/ml. The antimicrobial effect of the essential oil was tested against six strains of Gram‐negative bacteria, seven strains of Gram‐positive bacteria and two fungi. The human pathogens Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 25416 (Gram negative) and Listeria innocua (Gram positive) were used in the investigation of S. montana for the first time. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the essential oil ranged from 0.625 to 5.0 µl/well for Gram‐negative bacteria, and from 0.312 to 1.125 µl/well for Gram‐positive bacteria. For the two fungi tested, Candida and Saccharomyces, the value was 0.234 µl/tube. The essential oil tested showed significant activity against fungi and Gram‐positive bacteria, especially Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Listeria innocua, and among Gram‐negative bacteria extreme sensitivity was detected in Escherichia coli SY252, SY252 lpcA and ATTCC 25922 strains. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organic Small Molecules for Photonics and Electronics from the [2.2]Paracyclophane Scaffold
Authors: Marrocchi Assunta , Tomasi Ivan , Vaccaro Luigi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn the search for molecules for organic photonics and electronics, several strategies have been used to modulate physical and chemical properties of [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives by sequential functionalization of their three‐dimensional cores. This review summarizes the major design and synthetic strategies for tuning paracyclophane‐containing small molecules by introducing various moieties featuring (hetero)aromatic rings directly connected to each other, as well as alternating (hetero)aryl and ethylene or ethynylene units. Several examples are presented that elucidate the structural, optical, and electronic consequences of incorporating these fragments in the aromatic decks, particularly relating to applications in organic optoelectronics.
Thermal simulations in the human head for high field MRI using parallel transmission
Authors: Massire Aurélien , Cloos Martjin A. , Luong Michel , Amadon Alexis , Vignaud Alexandre , Wiggins Christopher J. , Boulant Nicolas 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPurpose:To investigate, via numerical simulations, the compliance of the specific absorption rate (SAR) versus temperature guidelines for the human head in magnetic resonance imaging procedures utilizing parallel transmission at high field.Materials and Methods:A combination of finite element and finite‐difference time‐domain methods was used to calculate the evolution of the temperature distribution in the human head for a large number of parallel transmission scenarios. The computations were performed on a new model containing 20 anatomical structures.Results:Among all the radiofrequency field exposure schemes simulated, the recommended 39°C maximum local temperature was never exceeded when the local 10‐g average SAR threshold was reached. On the other hand, the maximum temperature barely complied with its guideline when the global SAR reached 3.2 W/kg. The maximal temperature in the eye could very well rise by more than 1°C in both cases.Conclusion:Considering parallel transmission, the recommended values of local 10‐g SAR may remain a relevant metric to ensure that the local temperature inside the human head never exceeds 39°C, although it can lead to rises larger than 1°C in the eye. Monitoring temperature instead of SAR can provide increased flexibility in pulse design for parallel transmission. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1312–1321. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Something(s) old and something(s) new: Modeling drivers of global virtual team effectiveness
Authors: Maynard M. Travis , Mathieu John E. , Rapp Tammy L. , Gilson Lucy L. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryWe developed and tested a model that bridges existing team effectiveness theory with new ideas aimed at understanding the complexity of multiple team membership and virtuality. Using a sample of 60 global, virtual supply teams from a large multi‐national organization, we propose that even for new team configurations, transactive memory systems and preparation activities are critical for effectiveness. We also examined the association between members' percentage of time allocated to a team, team virtuality, and interdependence on preparation activities. Our findings suggest that preparation activities related significantly to effectiveness as mediated by transactive memory systems. Furthermore, interdependence interacted with members' percentage of time allocated to the team as related to preparation activities. Specifically, members' percentage of time allocated to the team shifted from being a positive influence on preparation activities to a negative influence as team interdependence went from relatively high to relatively low levels. We discuss implications for theory, research, and practice. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable isotopes to detect food‐conditioned bears and to evaluate human‐bear management
Authors: Hopkins John B. , Koch Paul L. , Schwartz Charles C. , Ferguson Jake M. , Greenleaf Schuyler S. , Kalinowski Steven T. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe used genetic and stable isotope analysis of hair from free‐ranging black bears (Ursus americanus) in Yosemite National Park, California, USA to: 1) identify bears that consume human food, 2) estimate the diets of these bears, and 3) evaluate the Yosemite human–bear management program. Specifically, we analyzed the isotopic composition of hair from bears known a priori to be food‐conditioned or non‐food‐conditioned and used these data to predict whether bears with an unknown management status were food‐conditioned (FC) or non‐food‐conditioned (NFC). We used a stable isotope mixing model to estimate the proportional contribution of natural foods (plants and animals) versus human food in the diets of FC bears. We then used results from both analyses to evaluate proactive (population‐level) and reactive (individual‐level) human–bear management, and discussed new metrics to evaluate the overall human–bear management program in Yosemite. Our results indicated that 19 out of 145 (13%) unknown bears sampled from 2005 to 2007 were food‐conditioned. The proportion of human food in the diets of known FC bears likely declined from 2001–2003 to 2005–2007, suggesting proactive management was successful in reducing the amount of human food available to bears. In contrast, reactive management was not successful in changing the management status of known FC bears to NFC bears, or in reducing the contribution of human food to the diets of FC bears. Nine known FC bears were recaptured on 14 occasions from 2001 to 2007; all bears were classified as FC during subsequent recaptures, and human–bear management did not reduce the amount of human food in the diets of FC bears. Based on our results, we suggest Yosemite continue implementing proactive human–bear management, reevaluate reactive management, and consider removing problem bears (those involved in repeated bear incidents) from the population. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Effects of variable spring harvest regimes on annual survival and recovery rates of male wild turkeys in Southeast Louisiana
Authors: Chamberlain Michael J. , Grisham Blake A. , Norris Jennifer L. , Stafford Norman J. , Kimmel Frederick G. , Olinde Michael W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSpring harvest is a primary mortality factor for male eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris), but the relationship between spring harvest regimes and annual survival is not well understood. We banded 462 male wild turkeys from 1989 to 2007 in southeastern Louisiana to estimate annual survival and band recovery rates relative to spring harvest. We evaluated these parameters under a liberal harvest season (3‐bird limit; 1989–1997) and a reduced conservative harvest season (2‐bird limit; 2000–2007). Estimated recovery rates during the liberal season were 0.75 (SE = 0.05) for adults and 0.63 (SE = 0.04) for juveniles, and recovery rates during the conservative season were 0.61 (SE = 0.04) and 0.48 (SE = 0.05) for adults and juveniles, respectively. Annual survival averaged 0.16 (SE = 0.05) and 0.43 (SE = 0.05) for adults and juveniles, respectively, during the liberal season. Conversely, during the conservative season, annual survival averaged 0.31 (SE = 0.05) and 0.56 (SE = 0.05) for adults and juveniles, respectively. Our findings suggest that bag limit reductions combined with a reduction in season length contributed to a 2‐fold increase in annual survival for male wild turkeys. We contend that male wild turkeys were likely over harvested on our study area during the liberal harvest season, which contributed to exceptionally low annual survival rates. Managers should attempt to assess survival rates of male wild turkeys in harvested populations to properly manage spring harvest and develop appropriate harvest limits. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Treatment of infantile hemangiomas with the 595‐nm pulsed dye laser using different pulse widths in an Asian population
Authors: Tay Yong‐Kwang , Tan Siew‐Kiang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe pulsed dye laser (PDL) using varying fluences and pulse durations have been used to treat hemangiomas. This study aims to examine the efficacy and safety of the 595‐nm PDL for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas using short (1.5–3 milliseconds) versus long (10 milliseconds) pulse durations and high fluences.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective study of patients with hemangiomas (n = 23) treated with the 595‐nm PDL from 2003 to 2007. The parameters used for the short pulse duration group (n = 15) were 7‐mm spot size, fluence 10–13.5 J/cm2 and dynamic cooling device (DCD) spray duration of 50 milliseconds and delay of 30 milliseconds. For the long pulse duration group (n = 8), parameters were 7mm spot size, fluence 10.5–14.5 J/cm2 and DCD spray duration of 40 milliseconds and delay of 20 milliseconds.ResultsThe number of treatments required to achieve complete or near complete resolution of the hemangioma ranged from 3 to 14 for the short pulse duration group (mean: 8) and for the long pulse duration group, 4–14 treatments (mean: 9). For both groups, more treatments were needed to achieve clearance of mixed hemangiomas (n = 13) compared to superficial hemangiomas (n = 10) (on average, 4–5 treatments more). Erythema, edema, and purpura lasted for about a week in the short pulse duration group but only 2 days in the long pulse duration group. There was no ulceration or hypertrophic scarring noted in both groups.ConclusionBoth short and long pulse durations using moderately high fluences are equally effective in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas. Shorter pulse durations had a slightly higher incidence of side effects compared to longer pulse duration in our patients with darker phototypes. Hemangiomas are tumors with relatively large diameter blood vessels and this provides the basis for the use of longer pulse durations. Lasers Surg. Med. 44:93–96, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Duration of red blood cell storage and outcomes following orthotopic liver transplantation#
Authors: Dunn Lauren K. , Thiele Robert H. , Ma Jennie Z. , Sawyer Robert G. , Nemergut Edward C. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Liver transplantation may be complicated by massive intraoperative bleeding, and red blood cell (RBC) transfusions may be required. The storage duration or age of transfused RBCs has been shown to affect the morbidity and mortality of critically ill, trauma, and cardiac surgery patients. Here we investigate the effect of RBC age on the outcomes of liver transplant patients. Five hundred thirty-one patients underwent orthotopic liver transplantation between January 1, 2000 and August 15, 2010. The patient demographics, the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease–sodium (MELD-Na) score, and the number and age of RBC units were evaluated with univariate and multivariate models of outcomes, which included mortality rates 2 years after transplantation, postoperative infections, and organ rejection. In a univariate analysis, the number of RBC units (but not the RBC age) was associated with increased 2-year mortality, an increased risk of infection, and a decreased risk of organ rejection. Only the number of RBC units was associated with increased 2-year mortality in a multivariate Cox regression model. The mortality risk was decreased by two-thirds for patients who received <10 U of RBCs versus those who received ≥10 U (hazard ratio = 0.33, 95% confidence interval = 0.16-0.69, P = 0.003). The number of transfused RBC units was not associated with the risk of infection or organ rejection in a multivariate logistic regression model. In conclusion, the RBC age is not associated with infection, organ rejection, or death in liver transplant patients. Patients who receive more blood have an increased risk of death. In a multivariate model, the MELD-Na score was not associated with increased mortality, and this is consistent with previous studies demonstrating that the MELD-Na score is a poor predictor of long-term survival after transplantation. Liver Transpl 18:475–481, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.
Implications of changing the minimal survival benefit in liver transplantation
Authors: Knight Marina , Barber Kerri , Gimson Alex , Collett Dave , Neuberger James 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The limited availability of livers donated by deceased donors for transplantation means that not everyone who might benefit from the procedure can receive a graft, so any selection and allocation system must have clearly defined goals. The United Kingdom, in common with many other countries, has adopted a minimum benefit criterion of a greater than 50% probability of survival 5 years after transplantation. We investigated the impact of changing this minimum benefit criterion on a case mix of listed patients. The analysis was based on 5330 adult elective patients who underwent transplantation with livers from donation after brain death donors between January 1994 and December 2007. We examined the impact of balancing the number of registrations on the list with the number of available donor livers while allowing a 10% mortality rate and found that this would require a survival threshold of at least 74% at 5 years. According to historical data, the application of this more stringent criterion would significantly reduce the eligibility of older and nonwhite patients and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatitis C virus infections. Thus, if such undesirable restrictions on access to liver transplantation are to be avoided, we must consider alternative strategies such as the acceptance of higher transplant list mortality. Liver Transpl, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.
Concomitantly elevated serum matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 9 can predict survival of synchronous squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aero‐digestive tract
Authors: Wang Wen‐Lun , Chang Wei‐Lun , Yeh Yi‐Chun , Lee Ching‐Tai , Chang Chi‐Yang , Lin Jaw‐Town , Sheu Bor‐Shyang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are elevated in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) over either the head and neck (HNSCC) or the esophagus (ESCC). Synchronous SCC with both HNSCC and ESCC predispose to worse survival. This study tested if serum MMP levels correlate with clinical features and predict survival for HNSCC, ESCC, and synchronous SCC. One hundred and thirty patients with SCCs in upper aero‐digestive tract (70 ESCC, 20 HNSCC, and 40 synchronous SCC) and 74 healthy controls were assessed for serum MMP‐3, ‐7, and ‐9 titers by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The titers were validated to their correlations to clinical features and survival rates of the different SCC groups. Patients with SCCs had significantly higher serum MMP‐3, ‐7, and ‐9 titers than the controls (P < 0.001) but there was no difference among the three SCC groups. Based on the optimal MMP cut‐off values by ROC curve, elevated MMP‐3 and MMP‐9, but not MMP‐7, correlated with distant metastasis and poor survival (P < 0.05). Concomitantly elevated MMP‐3 (>14 ng/mL) and MMP‐9 (>329.3 ng/mL) independently correlated with poor two‐year survival (P = 0.002, by log rank test). Cox regression confirmed that such concomitant elevation was superior to the tumor stage of either ESCC or HNSCC in predicting survival for synchronous SCC. Serum MMPs are elevated in SCC of the upper aero‐digestive tract. Especially for synchronous SCC, concomitantly elevated MMP‐3 and MMP‐9 levels serve as better biomarkers to predict prognosis than TNM staging of ESCC or HNSCC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An analytical description of balanced steady‐state free precession with finite radio‐frequency excitation
Authors: Bieri Oliver 
Published: January 2012

AbstractConceptually, the only flaw in the standard steady‐state free precession theory is the assumption of quasi‐instantaneous radio‐frequency pulses, and 10–20% signal deviations from theory are observed for common balanced steady‐state free precession protocols. This discrepancy in the steady‐state signal can be resolved by a simple T2 substitution taking into account reduced transverse relaxation effects during finite radio‐frequency excitation. However, finite radio‐frequency effects may also affect the transient phase of balanced steady‐state free precession, its contrast or its spin‐echo nature and thereby have an adverse effect on common steady‐state free precession magnetization preparation methods. As a result, an in‐depth understanding of finite radio‐frequency effects is not only of fundamental theoretical interest but also has direct practical implications. In this article, an analytical solution for balanced steady‐state free precession with finite radio‐frequency pulses is derived for the transient phase (under ideal conditions) and in the steady state demonstrating that balanced steady‐state free precession key features are preserved but revealing an unexpected dependency of finite radio‐frequency effects on relaxation times for the transient decay. Finally, the mathematical framework reveals that finite radio‐frequency theory can be understood as a generalization of alternating repetition time and fluctuating equilibrium steady‐state free precession sequence schemes. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative measurement of blood‐brain barrier permeability in human using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI with fast T1 mapping
Authors: Taheri Saeid , Gasparovic Charles , Shah Nadim Jon , Rosenberg Gary A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBreakdown of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), occurring in many neurological diseases, has been difficult to measure noninvasively in humans. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging measures BBB permeability. However, important technical challenges remain and normative data from healthy humans is lacking. We report the implementation of a method for measuring BBB permeability, originally developed in animals, to estimate BBB permeability in both healthy subjects and patients with white matter pathology. Fast T1 mapping was used to measure the leakage of contrast agent Gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA) from plasma into brain. A quarter of the standard Gd‐DTPA dose for dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was found to give both sufficient contrast‐to‐noise and high T1 sensitivity. The Patlak graphical approach was used to calculate the permeability from changes in 1/T1. Permeability constants were compared with cerebrospinal fluid albumin index. The upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for white matter BBB permeability for normal subjects was 3 × 10−4 L/g min. MRI measurements correlated strongly with levels of cerebrospinal fluid albumin in those subjects undergoing lumbar puncture. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with low dose Gd‐DTPA and fast T1 imaging is a sensitive method to measure subtle differences in BBB permeability in humans and may have advantages over techniques based purely on the measurement of pixel contrast changes. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analyzing the wave number dependency of the convergence rate of a multigrid preconditioned Krylov method for the Helmholtz equation with an absorbing layer
Authors: Reps B. , Vanroose W. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThis paper analyzes the Krylov convergence rate of a Helmholtz problem preconditioned with multigrid. The multigrid method is applied to the Helmholtz problem formulated on a complex contour and uses the generalized minimal residual method as a smoother substitute at each level. A one‐dimensional model is analyzed both in a continuous and discrete way. It is shown that the Krylov convergence rate of the continuous problem is independent of the wave number. The discrete problem, however, can deviate significantly from this bound because of a pitchfork in the spectrum. It is further shown in numerical experiments that the convergence rate of the Krylov method approaches the continuous bound as the grid distance h gets small. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic modeling of the morphology of latex particles with in situ formation of graft copolymer
Authors: Akhmatskaya Elena , Asua José M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractModification of the polymer–polymer interfacial tension is a way to tailor‐make particle morphology of waterborne polymer–polymer hybrids. This allows achieving a broader spectrum of application properties and maximizing the synergy of the positive properties of both polymers, avoiding their drawbacks. In situ formation of graft copolymer during polymerization is an efficient way to modify the polymer–polymer interfacial tension. Currently, no dynamic model is available for polymer–polymer hybrids in which a graft copolymer is generated during polymerization. In this article, a novel model based on stochastic dynamics is developed for predicting the dynamics of the development of particle morphology for composite waterborne systems in which a graft copolymer is produced in situ during the process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012