bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex‐specific overdominance at the maturation vgll3 gene for reproductive fitness in wild Atlantic salmon
Authors: Mobley Kenyon B. , Barton Henry J. , Ellmén Mikko , Ruokolainen Annukka , Guttorm Olavi , Pieski Hans , Orell Panu , Erkinaro Jaakko , Primmer Craig R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLinking reproductive fitness with adaptive traits at the genomic level can shed light on the mechanisms that produce and maintain sex‐specific selection. Here, we construct a multigenerational pedigree to investigate sex‐specific selection on a maturation gene, vgll3, in a wild Atlantic salmon population. The vgll3 locus is responsible for ~40% of the variation in maturation (sea age at first reproduction). Genetic parentage analysis was conducted on 18,265 juveniles (parr) and 685 adults collected at the same spawning ground over eight consecutive years. A high proportion of females (26%) were iteroparous and reproduced two to four times in their lifetime. A smaller proportion of males (9%) spawned at least twice in their lifetime. Sex‐specific patterns of reproductive fitness were related to vgll3 genotype. Females showed a pattern of overdominance where vgll3*EL genotypes had three‐fold more total offspring than homozygous females. In contrast, males demonstrated that late‐maturing vgll3*LL individuals had two‐fold more offspring than either vgll3*EE or vgll3*EL males. Taken together, these data suggest that balancing selection in females contributes to the maintenance of variation at this locus via increased fitness of iteroparous vgll3*EL females. This study demonstrates the utility of multigenerational pedigrees for uncovering complex patterns of reproduction, sex‐specific selection and the maintenance of genetic variation.
The tip of the iceberg: Generalism in undergraduate medical education, a systems thinking analysis
Authors: Kelly Martina , Power Lyn , Lee Ann , Boudreault Nathalie , Ali Murthatha , Hubinette Maria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeThere is a shortage of generalist physicians globally impacting health equity and access to care. An important way in which medical schools can demonstrate social accountability is by graduating learners interested in careers in generalism. While generalism is endorsed as a matter of principle in medical education, how this translates into curricula is less clear. The aim of this study was to identify how generalism is understood and supported by family physician educational leaders in undergraduate medical education (UME) in Canada.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study, interviewing 38 family medicine leaders in UME across all 17 Canadian medical schools. We examined the data with template analysis, informed by the iceberg model of systems thinking.ResultsFour themes were identified: (1) Teaching and learning strategies in support of generalism—a consistent range existed across UME curricula; (2) Curriculum patterns—changes in leadership and curriculum reform created positive or negative feedback loops that promoted or hindered initiatives to support generalism; (3) Curriculum structures—organ‐system‐based curricula and availability of generalist faculty presented particular challenges to teaching generalist approaches; (4) Mental models and ways of knowing—the preponderance of biomedical frameworks of thinking in curricula unconsciously undermined generalist approaches to patient care.ConclusionsUME programmes promoted generalism through a range of teaching activities and strategies, but these efforts were countered by curriculum structures and mental models that perpetuate epistemic inequity between biomedical approaches to medical education and generalist models of care. Novel curricular frameworks are needed to align undergraduate programmes' commitment to social accountability with community‐based need.
The impact of brokers on ACA marketplace growth
Authors: Gürel Aleka 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBrokers are an under‐studied channel of enrollment in the affordable care act (ACA), having grown to support nearly 80% of active federally facilitated marketplace (FFM) enrollment during the 2024 Open Enrollment Period. Brokers enroll a disproportionately low‐income and new‐to‐market consumer base compared to the core exchange websites, and have contributed to the record‐breaking growth in the ACA Marketplace in recent years. Understanding the role brokers play and the technological and policy changes that have enabled their work may help state‐based marketplaces improve stagnant enrollment growth.
Longitudinal Associations Between Enjoyment of Physical Education, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Muscular Fitness Among Finnish Adolescents
Authors: Costigan Sarah , Gråstén Arto , Huhtiniemi Mikko , Kolunsarka Iiris , Lubans David R. , Jaakkola Timo 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionStudents' experiences in physical education (PE) can shape future physical activity (PA) behaviors. PE enjoyment is associated with PA; however, the relationship between PE enjoyment and fitness has not been extensively investigated. The aim of this study was to examine if changes in PE enjoyment were associated with changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) among Finnish adolescents.MethodsStudy participants were students (n = 1147; 11.27 [±0.32] years at baseline) attending public schools in Finland. Data were collected yearly (2017–2021). The 20 m shuttle run assessed CRF, curl‐up/push‐up tests assessed MF, and the enjoyment subscale of the Sport Commitment Questionnaire‐2 measured PE enjoyment. The random intercept cross‐lagged panel model, including repeated measures (within‐level) and latent levels (between‐level) of PE enjoyment, CRF and MF, was tested. Sex, body mass index, moderate to vigorous PA, and peak height velocity were included as covariates in the analysis.ResultsOver 5 years, PE enjoyment decreased, CRF increased until Timepoint 3, and MF remained stable. Positive associations between PE enjoyment and fitness were observed, indicating the greater the PE enjoyment, the higher the fitness. For PE enjoyment, CRF and MF repeated measures were positively associated with measurement of the next year. PE enjoyment was positively related to CRF and MF the years thereafter.ConclusionOur findings highlight the importance of quality PE experiences for enjoyment and fitness gains during the transition from primary to secondary school. These findings are important given youth fitness levels are associated with future health status.
Coupling cellular automata and What If? models for residential expansion simulation: A case study of Southwest Sydney, Australia
Authors: Lu Yi , Laffan Shawn , Pettit Christopher 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe impact of urban expansion on achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) has become a significant research topic in the field of geographic information science. In this article, we describe a coupled cellular automata (CA)—‐What If? model to explore SDG11 “Sustainable cities and communities.” The model calculates overall residential land use demand based on historical data archives using the What If? planning support system (PSS), and then allocates it using a CA model that incorporates variables related to SDG11.2.1 and 11.7.1. Historical datasets for years 2016 and 2021 from Southwest Sydney, Australia were used to assess model accuracy, after which two residential expansion scenarios (years 2021 and 2026) were generated. Based on the modeling results, the SDG‐related spatial variables can improve the overall accuracy of CA sub‐models using an XGBoost machine learning training methodology. The simulation results of these scenarios confirm the effectiveness of the coupled CA‐What If? model, which has the potential to generate more reliable scenario results than the standalone What If? PSS for modeling urban growth of cities across Australia and internationally.
Pet Primates: Attacks, Escapes, and the Law
Authors: Iles Gale , Basham Sherah L. , McGuffee Karen , Ashmore Pamela , Fuller Rachel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMany homes throughout the United States contain nonhuman primates who are kept as pets. These private ownerships potentially endanger the pet, their owners, and society as a whole. Using data compiled by the Humane Society of the United States, 238 incidents of attacks and escapes of individuals classified as pets from 2000 to 2020 are examined. More than half of the reported incidents involved primate attacks on humans, 44% of attack victims were strangers, and attacks occurred at various locations suggesting that wherever caretakers of primates reside or take their pets, an attack is likely to occur. A review of state laws reveals no relationship between states with a greater number of incidents and more restrictive laws or states with the least number of incidents and less restrictive laws. Risks associated with keeping primates in private households and ethical concerns about the welfare of these primates are discussed.
Changing Political Identities of the Iranian Kurdish Left in Europe
Authors: Mofidi Sabah 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article examines the tendency towards political individualism and its impact among first-generation political immigrants with a leftist political background from Iran/Eastern Kurdistan (Rojhelat) living in Western Europe, from the perspective of individuals’ political identity in terms of relations with political organizations and their ideological stance. Following a qualitative approach, data was collected through semi-structured in-depth and focus group interviews with members and ex-members of political parties. The findings show that, as a result of leaving Iran’s political climate as well as Kurdish political organizations, and with the influence of a new political culture, many interviewees have adopted individualized politics based on their own opinions and self-interest. The immigrants have found a multi-dimensional political view that simultaneously pays attention to the ethno-national, class, and gender issues of Kurdish society.
Disparities in the Care Disruption During COVID-19 and in its Impacts on the Mental and Physical Well-Being of Cancer Survivors
Authors: Elkefi Safa , Matthews Alicia K. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose Our study explores cancer care disruption among different demographic subgroups. It also investigates these disruptions’ impacts on cancer survivors’ mental and physical well-being. Design Pooled cross-sectional survey data. Setting Health Information Trends Survey for Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results, HINTS-SEER. Participation n = 1234 cancer survivors participated in the study and completed the survey. Measures Outcome variables were treatment disruption in cancer care, mental health and physical health perceptions, age, race, education, income, and sexual orientation. Analysis Multiple imputations were used to address missing data. Descriptive statistics were conducted to understand the perceptions of care disruption. Partial least squares structural equation models were employed for data analysis, adjusted for socio-demographics. Results COVID-19 impacted cancer treatment and follow-up appointments (69.45%), routine cancer screening (60.70%), and treatment plans (73.58%), especially among elderly patients. It changed the interactions with health care providers (HCP) for 28.03% of the participants. Older adults were 2.33 times more likely to experience treatment appointment disruptions. People who thought their contact with their doctors changed during COVID-19 were more likely to be older adults (65 or more) (OR = 3.85, P = .011), white (OR >1, P = .002), and with higher income (OR = 1.81, P = .002). The changes to cancer treatment and follow-up medical appointments negatively impacted the well-being of the patients (mental: β = −.006, P = .043; physical: β = −.001, P = .006), routine screening and preventative care visits (mental: β = −.029, P = .031; physical: β = −.003, P = .008), and cancer treatment plans (mental: β = −.044, P = .024; physical: β = −.021, P = .040). Conclusions Our findings underscore the crucial requirement for implementing focused interventions aimed at alleviating the discrepancies in the accessibility of cancer care across diverse demographic groups, particularly during times of emergency, in order to mitigate any potential disruptions in care.
Fabrication of SrTiO3−Tween80 reinforced biological poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate composite film and its proton permeability
Authors: Faizal Nur Amirah , Ishak Khairul Anwar , Mohamad Annuar Mohamad Suffian 
Published: June 2024

Flexile composite film of Poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate−Perovskite−Tween 80 (PHA-PV-T80) as a green membrane film was prepared. Pristine medium-chain-length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA), produced through bacterial fermentation, was blended with different concentrations of perovskite (PV) and Tween 80 (T80) ranging from 0.01 to 0.0025 % ( w/v) and 1.5 – 4.5 % ( w/v), respectively, to fabricate the composite films. Ultrasound irradiation was applied to aid homogenous dispersion of blend solution prior to film casting. The composite film exhibited improved physical properties compared to the neat mcl-PHA film, which is more susceptible to ripping upon peeling. Thorough distribution of perovskite, facilitated by T80, were responsible for promoting increased side-chain crystallization, resulting in the formation of extensive rigid regions within the PHA matrix, which significantly improved proton permeability of the composite film. PHA composites showed higher proton flux (>3.5 × 10−4 mol.min−1.cm−2) compared to neat PHA (1.03 × 10−4 mol.min−1.cm−2) and commercial Nafion (1.22 × 10−4 mol.min−1.cm−2). The relationship between physicochemical attributes and proton flux characteristics of the composite films were discussed with regards to their potential application as proton exchange membrane.
Broken yet Brave: Arabic Women’s Experience of a Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Alsababha Rawan , McDermid Fiona , O’Reilly Rebecca , Mannix Judy , Peters Kath 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Arabic women and is often diagnosed in advanced stages, resulting in an increased likelihood of requiring a mastectomy. Despite this, there is a lack of contemporary literature exploring Arabic women’s experiences of breast cancer and its sequelae. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted between 2019 and 2022 of Arabic women diagnosed with breast cancer. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis as described by Braun and Clark. Results: Two main themes were identified: (a) Broken yet brave describes participants’ experiences when diagnosed and (b) Making decisions about treatment and experiences of support detailing their lack of decision-making autonomy and perceptions of support. Discussion: Arabic women believe in the concept of fate and faith, and their cultural conditioning is to prioritize family over themselves, often with limited support. They lack autonomy in decision-making due to the patriarchal society they live in.
Intravascular Lithotripsy for Treatment of Severely Calcified Common Femoral Artery Disease: Results From the Disrupt PAD III Observational Study
Authors: Shammas Nicolas W. , Mangalmurti Sarang , Bernardo Nelson L. , Mehrle Anderson , Adams George , Bertolet Barry , Stavroulakis Konstantinos , Soukas Peter A. 
Published: June 2024

Background:Surgical endarterectomy is currently considered the front-line therapy for the treatment of calcified lesions in the common femoral artery (CFA). Endovascular interventions have evolved, and their use is increasing in frequency. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) has shown promising safety and effectiveness in calcified CFA lesions in a small pilot study, but “real-world” evidence from a larger cohort is lacking.Methods:The Disrupt PAD III Observational Study (NCT02923193) was a prospective, multicenter registry designed to assess the acute safety and effectiveness of IVL treatment for calcified peripheral arterial disease. Any concomitant treatment with other calcium-modifying technologies as well as definitive treatment strategies was at the discretion of the operators. Patients with CFA lesions were evaluated for acute angiographic safety and effectiveness outcomes following IVL treatment as determined by an independent angiographic core lab.Results:Common femoral artery treatment was indicated in 177 patients (n=163 could be analyzed based on core-laboratory data) enrolled at 23 sites. Characteristics for 164 treated lesions included moderate-severe calcification 95.1%, diameter stenosis 74.8±17.7%, and lesion length 53.6±53.1 mm. Concomitant calcium-modifying therapy was used in 32.3% of lesions. Final therapy included drug-coated balloons in 68.9% and stenting in 16.5% of lesions. Post-IVL and final residual stenoses were 29.2±16.5%and 23.6±11.5%, respectively. No vascular complications (flow-limiting dissections, perforations, embolization, slow or no reflow, or abrupt closure) were present at the end of the procedure by core-laboratory assessment, with 1 (0.8%) flow-limiting dissection initially occurring immediately following IVL treatment.Conclusion:This study represents the largest real-world experience of IVL treatment in heavily calcified CFA lesions. Intravascular lithotripsy treatment showed significant stenosis reduction and favorable periprocedural safety in this challenging patient population.Clinical ImpactIn this study we show that calcified common femoral artery disease can be safely and effectively treated with shockwave balloon angioplasty with high procedural success and low complication rates and in clinical practice can now be offered as an alternative to surgical treatment in those patients reluctant to or high risk for vascular surgery. This opens another option for clinicians to treat calcified common femoral artery disease without the risk of dissection, perforation or distal embolization that are associated with atherectomy. This study shows that shockwave lithoplasty offers an innovative plaque modification technology to tackle calcified disease in the common femoral artery.
Epidemiology of Injuries Among National Basketball Association Players: 2013-2014 Through 2018-2019
Authors: Mack Christina D. , Herzog Mackenzie M. , Maak Travis G. , Bedi Asheesh , Gondalia Rahul , Meisel Peter , Azar Frederick M. , Mancell Jimmie , Nelson Aaron , DiFiori John 
Published: June 2024

Background: Understanding the epidemiology of injuries to athletes is essential to informing injury prevention efforts. Hypothesis: The incidence and impact of basketball-related injuries among National Basketball Association (NBA) players from 2013-2014 through 2018-2019 is relatively stable over time. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Injuries from 2013-2014 through 2018-2019 were analyzed using the NBA Injury and Illness Database from an electronic medical record system. Descriptive statistics were calculated for injuries by season, game-loss, and onset. Incidence rates were estimated using Poisson models and linear trend tests. Results: Between 552 and 606 players participated in ≥1 game per season during the study. Annual injury incidence ranged from 1550 to 1892, with 33.6% to 38.5% resulting in a missed NBA game. Game-loss injury rates ranged from 5.6 to 7.0 injuries per 10,000 player-minutes from 2014-2015 through 2018-2019 ( P = 0.19); the rate was lower in 2013-2014 (5.0 injuries per 10,000 player-minutes), partly due to increased preseason injury rates and transition of reporting processes. The 6-year game-loss injury rate in preseason and regular season games was 6.9 (95% CI 6.0, 8.0) and 6.2 (95% CI 6.0, 6.5) injuries per 10,000 player-minutes; the rate in playoff games was lower ( P < 0.01) at 2.8 (95% CI 2.2, 3.6). Most (73%) game-loss injuries had acute onset; 44.4% to 52.5% of these involved contact with another player. Conclusion: From 2013-2014 through 2018-2019, over one-third of injuries resulted in missed NBA games, with highest rates of game-loss injuries in preseason games and lowest rates in playoff games. Most game-loss injuries had acute onset, and half of those involved contact with another player. Clinical Relevance: These findings - through reliable data reporting by team medical staff in an audited system - can guide evidence-based injury reduction strategies and inform player health priorities.
Risk of mortality and recurrence after first-time stroke among patients with type 2 diabetes: A Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kristensen Frederik Pagh Bredahl , Svane Helene Matilde Lundsgaard , Laugesen Kristina , Al-Mashhadi Sofie Kejlberg , Christensen Diana Hedevang , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Skajaa Nils 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The prognosis for stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains poorly understood. We examined the risk of mortality and stroke recurrence in stroke patients with T2DM and stroke patients without diabetes. Patients and methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study including all patients diagnosed with a first-time ischemic stroke ( n = 131,594) or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH, n = 15,492) in Denmark, 2005–2021. Patients with T2DM were identified using hospital diagnosis codes and glucose-lowering drug prescriptions. We calculated risks, risk differences, and risk ratios, standardized by age, sex, and calendar year of stroke admission. Results: Following ischemic stroke, the 5-year standardized mortality was 46.1% for patients with T2DM and 35.4% for patients without diabetes (standardized risk difference: 10.7% [95% CI 9.9–11.6]; risk ratio: 1.3 [95% CI 1.3–1.3]). The 5-year risk of recurrence following ischemic stroke was 12.7% for patients with T2DM and 11.3% for those without diabetes (risk difference: 1.4% [95% CI 0.9–2.0]; risk ratio: 1.1 [95% CI 1.1–1.2]). Following ICH, the 5-year mortality was 62.8% for patients with T2DM and 53.0% for patients without diabetes (risk difference: 9.8% [95% CI 7.2–12.4)]; risk ratio: 1.2 [95% CI 1.1–1.2]). The 5-year risk of recurrence after ICH was 9.1% for patients with T2DM and 9.7% for patients without diabetes. Discussion and conclusion: Stroke patients with T2DM were at increased risk of mortality. The risk of stroke recurrence was slightly higher for ischemic stroke patients with T2DM than patients without diabetes, while no difference was observed among ICH patients.