bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Kidnapping go build back we economy’: discourses of crime at work in neoliberal Trinidad
Authors: PRENTICE REBECCA 
Published: February 2012

Drawing on participant observation in garment factories in Trinidad, West Indies, this article explores circulating discourses of crime among shop‐floor workers, managers, and factory owners during a national ‘epidemic’ of kidnappings‐for‐ransom. As sites of inescapable social heterogeneity, garment factories were experienced as places of potentially risky mixture between antagonistic categories of people. Kidnapping talk communicated this fear of social proximity while simultaneously heightening it. The everyday politics of labour under a neoliberal regime is shown to be not a universalizing experience but instead a deeply local and situated one.RésuméÀ partir d’une observation participante dans des ateliers de confection de Trinité, dans les Caraïbes, l’article explore les discours sur la criminalité circulant parmi les ouvriers, les gérants et les propriétaires des ateliers au cours d’une «épidémie » nationale d’enlèvements avec demande de rançon. Les ateliers de confection, lieux d’une hétérogénéité sociale inévitable, étaient alors perçus comme le creuset d’un mélange potentiellement dangereux entre des catégories de personnes antagonistes. Les histoires de kidnapping ont propagé cette crainte de la proximité sociale tout en l’intensifiant. L’auteure montre que la politique quotidienne du travail sous un régime néolibéral n’est pas une expérience universalisante, mais plutôt profondément locale et fortement située.
European Integration, Nationalism and European Identity
Authors: FLIGSTEIN NEIL , POLYAKOVA ALINA , SANDHOLTZ WAYNE 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEarly theorists of European integration speculated that economic integration would lead to political integration and a European identity. A European identity has not displaced national identities in the EU, but, for a significant share of EU citizens, a European identity exists alongside a national identity. At the same time, political parties asserting more traditional nationalist identities and policies have directed their dissatisfaction against immigrants, foreigners and, sometimes, the EU. Those who participate in ‘Europe’ are more likely to develop a European identity, while those whose economic and social horizons are essentially local are more likely to assert nationalist identities. It is argued in this article that the issue of European and national identity plays a heightened role in European politics, particularly in the economic crisis of 2007–11. The resolution of that crisis, which may result in increased European political co‐operation, will have to take into account highly salient national identities that have so far resisted such co‐operation.
Rotigotine transdermal patch for the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Perez‐Lloret Santiago , Rey María Verónica , Ratti Pietro Lucca , Rascol Olivier 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRotigotine, a non‐ergot dopamine agonist, has been developed as a novel transdermal formulation. The rotigotine transdermal patch has received EMEA marketing authorization for the treatment of adult patients with early or advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) or with moderate to severe restless legs syndrome (RLS). FDA originally granted a marketing authorization for early PD, which was later suspended, and is now studying the authorization for RLS. The aim of this review is to review the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics as well as the clinical efficacy and tolerability of the rotigotine transdermal patch in PD. Source material was identified using a PubMed search for the term ‘rotigotine’ and PD. Articles published up to January 2011 or abstract submitted to most relevant international neurology congresses were reviewed. The rotigotine transdermal patch is efficacious for the treatment of PD. Tolerability profile appears to be well within the range of that observed with other non‐ergot dopamine agonists in PD. Application‐site reactions were the most frequent adverse event, and they were considered mild to moderate in the majority of cases. The rotigotine transdermal patch offers a safe and efficacious alternative for the treatment of PD. Further studies should focus on the possibility that continuous dopamine stimulation by means of the transdermal patch has any influence on levodopa‐related motor complications.
Efficacy of three drugs for protecting against gentamicin‐induced hair cell and hearing losses
Authors: Bas E , Van De Water TR , Gupta C , Dinh J , Vu L , Martínez‐Soriano F , Láinez JM , Marco J 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Exposure to an ototoxic level of an aminoglycoside can result in hearing loss. In this we study investigated the otoprotective efficacy of dexamethasone (DXM), melatonin (MLT) and tacrolimus (TCR) in gentamicin (GM)‐treated animals and cultures.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Wistar rats were divided into controls (treated with saline); exposed to GM only (GM); and three GM‐exposed groups treated with either DXM, MLT or TCR. Auditory function and cochlear surface preparations were studied. In vitro studies of oxidative stress, pro‐inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels, the MAPK pathway and caspase‐3 activation were performed in organ of Corti explants from 3‐day‐old rats.KEY RESULTS DXM, MLT and TCR decreased levels of reactive oxygen species in GM‐exposed explants. The mRNA levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and TNF‐receptor type 1 were significantly reduced in GM + DXM and GM + MLT groups. Phospho‐p38 MAPK levels decreased in GM + MLT and GM + TCR groups, while JNK phosphorylation was reduced in GM + DXM and GM + MLT groups. Caspase‐3 activation decreased in GM + DXM, GM + MLT and GM + TCR groups. These results were consistent with in vivo results. Local treatment of GM‐exposed rat cochleae with either DXM, MLT or TCR preserved auditory function and prevented auditory hair cell loss.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In organ of Corti explants, GM increased oxidative stress and initiated an inflammatory response that led to the activation of MAPKs and apoptosis of hair cells. The three compounds tested demonstrated otoprotective properties that could be beneficial in the treatment of ototoxicity‐induced hearing loss.
Review of developments in geometric modelling for high resolution satellite pushbroom sensors
Authors: Poli Daniela , Toutin Thierry 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe geometric modelling of satellite imaging sensors is a fundamental step in the photogrammetric processing chain, and becomes crucial in multi‐source data fusion and analysis. This paper seeks to report the main characteristics and developments of optical pushbroom sensors for photogrammetric and remote sensing applications, and to provide a critical review of approaches used for their geometric modelling.
Application of RPC Model in Orthorectification of Spaceborne SAR Imagery
Authors: Zhang Guo , Qiang Qiang , Luo Ying , Zhu Yanmin , Gu Huan , Zhu Xiaoyong 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIt has been widely accepted that the rational polynomial coefficient (RPC) model can be used as an alternative to rigorous sensor models of high resolution optical satellites for photogrammetric processing. In the application of the RPC model to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image processing, it has been confirmed that the range‐Doppler model can be replaced by the RPC model. Until now, however, orthorectification with the RPC model in SAR image processing has not been considered. This paper investigates how to perform orthorectification in SAR image processing with the RPC model. Following a brief introduction about the RPC model for spaceborne SAR imagery, an optimisation model is established and a method of conducting simulations with the RPC model is proposed. Finally, a series of experiments are performed in order to verify the correctness of the theory using TerraSAR‐X, COSMO‐SkyMed, ERS‐2 and Envisat ASAR images as test data. By comparing the actual accuracy and the theoretical accuracy of the orthorectified imagery, the theory and methodology proposed in this paper are confirmed.
The Role of Therapeutic Apheresis in High Immunologic Risk Renal Transplantation: A Review of Current Trends
Authors: Sanoff Scott L. , Balogun Rasheed A. , Lobo Peter L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractImmunologic sensitization, defined by the presence of antibodies directed against donor human leukocyte antigen (or so called donor‐specific antibodies [DSA]), is common among those awaiting kidney transplantation, and is associated with worse outcomes following transplant. Existing DSA have historically been screened for pretransplant using complement‐dependent cytotoxic crossmatching and their risk circumnavigated through policies that prohibit transplants between incompatible donor–recipient pairs. This risk avoidance strategy maximizes outcomes following transplant, but at the expense of limiting access to transplant for sensitized individuals. Over the last decade, the field of kidney transplantation has moved to actively modify the risks posed by DSA, rather than to simply avoid them. More sensitive detection methods have provided detailed immunologic risk stratification of potential donor–recipient pairs. Desensitization protocols, in which therapeutic aphaeresis plays a central role, have been used to reduce the potential harms posed by DSA. More recently, desensitization and paired donor exchange programs have been used in combination to expand transplantation to highly sensitized patients with incompatible living donors. It is likely that this combination of risk mitigation and avoidance strategies will be used together more often to both maximize individuals’ access to transplant, and optimize patient and graft outcomes.
Clinical Pathologic Conference: A 65‐year‐old Male With Left‐Sided Chest Pain. A Case of an Unexpected Occupational Hazard
Authors: Egan Daniel J. , Pare Joseph R. 
Published: February 2012

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE  2012; 19:e1–30 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractThe authors present a case of a 65‐year‐old male who presented four times to the emergency department (ED) with left‐sided chest pain. On the first three visits, the patient was admitted with a different diagnosis related to his chest pain. On the final visit, an abnormality on an imaging study performed in the ED led to the ultimate diagnostic test revealing the cause of the patient’s symptoms. The patient’s clinical presentation and ultimate clinical course are summarized, and a discussion of the differential diagnoses of his condition is presented.
Emergency Department Neurologic Deterioration in Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Incidence, Predictors, and Prognostic Significance
Authors: Fan Ju‐Sing , Huang Hsien‐Hao , Chen Yen‐Chia , Yen David Hung‐Tsang , Kao Wei‐Fong , Huang Mu‐Shun , Huang Chun‐I , Lee Chen‐Hsen 
Published: February 2012

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:133–138 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  The objective was to explore the incidence, predictors, and prognostic significance of emergency department (ED) neurologic deterioration in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH).Methods:  This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at the ED, neurocritical care unit, and general intensive care unit of a university‐affiliated medical center. Consecutive adult SICH patients treated in our ED from January 2002 through December 2009 were included, identified from the registered stroke data bank. These were cross‐checked for coding with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification 431 and 432.9. Enrolled patients had SICH with elapsed times of <12 hours and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores ≥ 13 on arrival. ED neurologic deterioration was defined as having a two‐or‐more‐point decrease in consciousness noted in any GCS score assessment between ED presentation and admission. Comparisons of numerical data were performed using an unpaired t‐test (parametric data) or Mann‐Whitney U‐test (nonparametric data). Comparisons of categorical data were done by chi‐square tests. Variables with p < 0.1 in univariate analysis were further analyzed using multiple logistic regression. No variable automated or manual selection methods were used.Results:  Among the 619 patients with SICH included in the study, 22.6% had ED neurologic deterioration. Independent predictors for ED neurologic deterioration included regular antiplatelet use, ictus to ED arrival time under 3 hours, initial body temperature ≥ 37.5°C, intraparenchymal hemorrhage associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and presence of a midline shift of greater than 2 mm on computed tomography (CT). ED neurologic deterioration was associated with 1‐week mortality, 30‐day mortality, and poor neurologic outcome on discharge.Conclusions:  Nearly one‐quarter of SICH patients with an initial GCS of 13 to 15 had a two points or more deterioration of their GCS while in the ED. ED neurologic deterioration was associated with death and poor neurologic outcomes on discharge. Several risk factors that are available early in the patients’ courses appear to be associated with ED neurologic deterioration. By identifying patients at risk for early neurologic decline and intervening early, physicians may be able to improve patient outcomes.
Effects of polypharmacy on outcome in patients with schizophrenia in routine psychiatric treatment
Authors: Längle G. , Steinert T. , Weiser P. , Schepp W. , Jaeger S. , Pfiffner C. , Frasch K. , Eschweiler G. W. , Messer T. , Croissant D. , Becker T. , Kilian R. 
Published: February 2012

Längle G, Steinert T, Weiser P, Schepp W, Jaeger S, Pfiffner C, Frasch K, Eschweiler GW, Messer T, Croissant D, Becker T, Kilian R. Effects of polypharmacy on outcome in patients with schizophrenia in routine psychiatric treatment.Objective:  Evaluating the effects of different types of psychotropic polypharmacy on clinical outcomes and quality of life (QOL) in 374 patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in routine care.Method:  Psychotropic regimen, clinical outcomes, and QOL were assessed before discharge and after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Data were analyzed by mixed‐effects regression models for longitudinal data controlling for selection bias by means of propensity scores.Results:  At baseline 22% of participants received antipsychotic monotherapy (APM) (quetiapine, olanzapine, or risperidone), 20% more than one antipsychotic drug, 16% received antipsychotics combined with antidepressants, 16% antipsychotics plus benzodiazepines, 11.5% had antipsychotics and mood stabilizers, and 16% psychotropic drugs from three or more subclasses. Patients receiving APM had better clinical characteristics and QOL at baseline. Patients receiving i) antipsychotics plus benzodiazepines or ii) antipsychotics plus drugs from at least two additional psychotropic drug categories improved less than patients with APM.Conclusion:  Combinations of antipsychotics with other psychotropic drugs seem to be effective in special indications. Nevertheless, combinations with benzodiazepines and with compounds from multiple drug classes should be critically reviewed. It is unclear whether poorer outcomes in patients with such treatment are its result or its cause.
Maturation of periodontal tissues following implantation of rhGDF‐5/β‐TCP in one‐wall intra‐bony defects in dogs: 24‐week histological observations
Authors: Lee Jung‐Seok , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. , Park Jung‐Chul , Jang Yong‐Ju , Pippig Susanne D. , Bastone Patrizia , Choi Seong‐Ho , Kim Chong‐Kwan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveAlthough a previous study reported that recombinant human growth/differentiation factor‐5 (rhGDF‐5) coated onto a β‐tricalciumphosphate (β‐TCP) significantly enhanced periodontal regeneration, the long‐term stability/maturation of the regenerated tissues has not been demonstrated. The objective of this study was to evaluate periodontal regeneration/maturation following application of rhGDF‐5/β‐TCP using an established periodontal defect model and a 24‐week healing interval.Material & MethodsUnilateral, surgically created, 4 × 4 × 5 mm (length × width × height), one‐wall, critical‐size, intra‐bony periodontal defects at the mandibular second and fourth premolar teeth in five young adult Beagle dogs received rhGDF‐5/β‐TCP. Bilateral sites at the fourth premolar in the other four dogs served as pristine controls receiving mucogingival flap surgery without defect induction. The animals were euthanized at 24 weeks for histological analysis. Unpublished data from the previous 8‐week study were used to compare tissue maturation between 8 and 24 weeks.ResultsLinear histometric observations of cementum and alveolar regeneration showed no significant differences between the 8‐ and 24‐week observation intervals. However, parameters of periodontal tissue maturation showed significant differences between the observation intervals including increased fraction mineralized tissue and lamellar bone (p < 0.05) and decreased osteocyte counts (p < 0.05) at 24 weeks compared with 8 weeks. Although the count inserting Sharpey's fibre did not significantly change, regenerated cementum remote from the intact periodontal ligament appeared more highly mineralized and thicker at 24 weeks compared with 8 weeks, and compared with the pristine cementum. Minimal β‐TCP remained.ConclusionsThese 24‐week observations suggest that regenerated periodontal tissues in sites receiving rhGDF‐5/β‐TCP undergo progressive maturation without debilitating aberrant tissue reactions.
Patch test concentrations (doses in mg/cm2) for the 12 non‐mix fragrance substances regulated by European legislation
Authors: Bruze Magnus , Svedman Cecilia , Andersen Klaus Ejner , Bruynzeel Derk , Goossens An , Johansen Jeanne Duus , Matura Mihaly , Orton David , Vigan Martine ,   on behalf of the ESCD
Published: February 2012

Background. According to EU legislation, 26 fragrance substance allergens must be labelled on cosmetic products. For 12 of them, the optimal patch test concentration/dose has not been evaluated.Objectives. To establish the optimal patch test doses in mg/cm2 for the 12 fragrance substances that are not included in fragrance mix I or II in the European baseline patch test series.Materials and Methods. Patch testing with the 12 fragrance substances was performed in a stepwise manner encompassing up to five rounds in at least 100 dermatitis patients for each round. Before patch testing, an individual maximum concentration/dose was determined for each fragrance substance.Results. The predetermined maximum patch test concentrations/doses could be tested for all 12 fragrance substances, with no observable adverse reactions being noted.Conclusions. For each fragrance substance investigated, it is recommended that half of the maximum patch test dose (mg/cm2) be used for aimed and screening patch testing.
Overweight and obesity in twenty‐year‐old Swedes in relation to birthweight and weight development during childhood
Authors: Fåhraeus Christina , Wendt Lill‐Kari , Nilsson Mats , Isaksson Helen , Alm Anita , Andersson‐Gäre Boel 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim:  To describe the frequency of overweight and obesity from birth to 20 years of age and analyse weight at 20 years of age in relation to weight and weight development during early childhood and adolescence.Methods:  A longitudinal, population‐based study, which followed 496 children from birth to 20 years of age. Information about weight and height was collected from health records at child health centres and school health care. At 20 years of age, weight and height measurements were taken by one of the authors.Results:  At 20 years of age, 124 (25%) of the youth were obese or overweight. Of these youths, 60% had normal weight at 5.5 years. Of the teenagers who were overweight/obese at 15 years, 79% remained overweight/obese at 20 years of age. Out of the 124 overweight/obese at 20, 47% had normal weight at 15 years. [Corrections added after online publication on April 18, 2012: ‘Out of the 124 obese at 20’ has been changed to ‘Out of the 124 overweight/obese at 20’]. No relation was found between rapid weight gain during preschool age and overweight and obesity in 20‐year‐olds.Conclusions:  The majority of those who were overweight/obese at 20 years of age were recruited after 5.5 years of age, and half of them in their late teens. Thus, during the preschool period, the entire population should be the target of primary prevention from overweight/obesity and, in the case of teenagers, prevention strategies should be developed for the whole population as well as treatment strategies for teenagers with established overweight/obesity.
Microwave Sintering of Zirconia Materials: Mechanical and Microstructural Properties
Authors: Borrell Amparo , Salvador María D. , Peñaranda‐Foix Felipe L. , Cátala‐Civera Jose M. 
Published: February 2012

Commercially, 3 mol% Y2O3‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia (70–90 nm) compacts were fabricated using a conventional and a nonconventional sintering technique; microwave heating in a resonant mono‐mode cavity at 2.45 GHz, at temperatures in the 1100–1400°C range. A considerable difference in the densification behavior between conventional (CS) and microwave (MW) sintered materials was observed. The MW materials attain a full density of 99.9% of the theoretical density (t.d.) at 1400°C/10 min, whereas the CS reach only 98.0% t.d. at the same temperature and 1 h of dwelling time. Therefore, the MW materials exhibit superior Vickers hardness values (16.0 GPa) when compared with CS (13.4 GPa).
Spin–orbit resonance, transit duration variation and possible secular perturbations in KOI-13
Authors: Szabó Gy. M. , Pál A. , Derekas A. , Simon A. E. , Szalai T. , Kiss L. L. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT
KOI-13 is the first known transiting system exhibiting light-curve distortions due to gravity darkening of the rapidly rotating host star. In this Letter, we analyse publicly available Kepler Q2–Q3 short-cadence observations, revealing a continuous light variation with a period of Prot= 25.43 ± 0.05 h and a half-amplitude of 21 ppm, which is linked to stellar rotation. This period is in exact 5:3 resonance with the orbit of KOI-13.01, which is the first detection of a spin–orbit resonance in a host of a substellar companion. The stellar rotation leads to stellar oblateness, which is expected to cause secular variations in the orbital elements. We indeed detect the gradual increment of the transit duration with a rate of (1.14 ± 0.30) × 10−6 d cycle−1. The confidence of this trend is 3.85σ, and the two-sided false alarm probability is 0.012 per cent. We suggest that the reason for this variation is the expected change of the impact parameter, with a rate of d b/d t=−0.016 ± 0.004 yr−1. Assuming b≈ 0.25, KOI-13.01 may become a non-transiting object in 75–100 years. The observed rate is compatible with the expected secular perturbations due to the stellar oblateness yielded by the fast rotation.