bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Linguistic Affiliation Constraint and phoneme recognition in diglossic Arabic
Authors: SAIEGH-HADDAD ELINOR , LEVIN IRIS , HENDE NAREMAN , ZIV MARGALIT 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThis study tested the effect of the phoneme's linguistic affiliation (Standard Arabic versus Spoken Arabic) on phoneme recognition among five-year-old Arabic native speaking kindergarteners (N=60). Using a picture selection task of words beginning with the same phoneme, and through careful manipulation of the phonological properties of target phonemes and distractors, the study showed that children's recognition of Standard phonemes was poorer than that of Spoken phonemes. This finding was interpreted as indicating a deficiency in the phonological representations of Standard words. Next, the study tested two hypotheses regarding the specific consequences of under-specified phonological representations: phonological encoding versus phonological processing. These hypotheses were addressed through an analysis of the relative power of distractors. The findings revealed that children's difficulty in accessing Standard Arabic phonemes was due to a difficulty in the phonological encoding of Standard words. We discuss the implications of the findings for language and literacy development in diglossic Arabic.
The Brauer–Manin obstruction for integral points on curves
Authors: HARARI DAVID , VOLOCH JOSÉ FELIPE 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe discuss the question of whether the Brauer–Manin obstruction is the only obstruction to the Hasse principle for integral points on affine hyperbolic curves. In the case of rational curves we conjecture a positive answer, we prove that this conjecture can be given several equivalent formulations and we relate it to an old conjecture of Skolem. Finally, we show that for elliptic curves minus one point a strong version of the question (describing the set of integral points by local conditions) has a negative answer.
Systems theory and cascades in developmental psychopathology
Authors: Cox Martha J. , Mills-Koonce Roger , Propper Cathi , Gariépy Jean-Louis 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn the wake of prominent theoreticians in developmental science, whose contributions we review in this article, many developmental psychologists came to endorse a systems approach to understanding how the individual, as it develops, establishes functional relationships to social ecological contexts that from birth to school entry rapidly increase in complexity. The concept of developmental cascade has been introduced in this context to describe lawful processes by which antecedent conditions may be related with varying probabilities to specified outcomes. These are understood as processes by which function at one level or in one domain of behavior affect the organization of competency in later developing domains of general adaptation. Here we propose a developmental sequence by which the developing child acquires regulative capacities that are key to adjustment to a society that demands considerable control of emotional and cognitive functions early in life. We report empirical evidence showing that the acquisition of regulative capacities may be understood as a cascade of shifts in control parameters induced by the progressive integration of biological, transactional, and socioaffective systems over development. We conclude by suggesting how the developmental process may be accessed for effective intervention in populations deemed “at risk” for later problems of psychosocial adjustment.
Developmental cascades of peer relations and symptoms of externalizing and internalizing problems from kindergarten to fourth-grade elementary school
Authors: van Lier Pol A. C. , Koot Hans M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA developmental cascade model linking symptoms of externalizing and internalizing psychopathology through three indices of peer relational difficulty (peer rejection, peer victimization, friendedness) was tested in a general population sample of 653 children followed annually from kindergarten to fourth grade. Rejection and victimization linked kindergarten externalizing problems with fourth-grade internalizing problems. Transactional links between rejection and victimization were found. In addition, peer rejection added to the development of externalizing problems. Friendedness did not add to the development of externalizing or internalizing problems. Cascade paths were similar for boys and girls. Over the period of kindergarten to fourth grade, psychopathology and peer relations become entangled, and the dynamic interplay between multiple manifestations of poor peer relations ultimately adds to the development of both externalizing and internalizing problems and their cross-time relation. Implications for research and prevention are discussed.
Aggression, social competence, and academic achievement in Chinese children: A 5-year longitudinal study
Authors: Chen Xinyin , Huang Xiaorui , Chang Lei , Wang Li , Li Dan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe primary purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine, in a sample of Chinese children (initialMage = 8 years,N= 1,140), contributions of aggression to the development of social competence and academic achievement. Five waves of panel data on aggression and social and school performance were collected from peer evaluations, teacher ratings, and school records in Grades 2 to 5. Structural equation modeling revealed that aggression had unique effects on later social competence and academic achievement after their stabilities were controlled, particularly in the junior grades. Aggression also had significant indirect effects on social and academic outcomes through multiple pathways. Social competence and academic achievement contributed to the development of each other, but not aggression. The results indicate cascade effects of aggression in Chinese children from a developmental perspective.
Psychopathology and social competence during the transition to adolescence: The role of family adversity and pubertal development
Authors: Obradović Jelena , Hipwell Alison 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study examined developmental processes linking competence and psychopathology in an urban sample of girls during their transition to adolescence. Longitudinal associations among indices of externalizing symptoms, social competence, and internalizing symptoms were also tested within contexts of family adversity and girls’ pubertal status. Child, parent, and teacher report were employed to assess core constructs across six annual assessment waves, starting at age 9. Results revealed the significant effect of prior levels of externalizing symptoms on changes in social competence and internalizing symptoms, as well as reciprocal relations between social competence and internalizing symptoms. In addition, girl's maladaptive functioning predicted increases in family adversity exposure over time. Last, more mature pubertal status in early assessment waves was linked to an increase in internalizing symptoms; however, this association was reversed by the last assessment, when most girls had reached advance stages of puberty. The timing of these effects reveals important targets for future interventions aimed at promoting the successful adaptation of girls in adolescence.
Effects of childhood conduct problems and family adversity on health, health behaviors, and service use in early adulthood: Tests of developmental pathways involving adolescent risk taking and depression
Authors: Herrenkohl Todd I. , Kosterman Rick , Mason W. Alex , Hawkins J. David , McCarty Carolyn A. , McCauley Elizabeth 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study examined a developmental, cascade model that includes childhood risks of conduct problems and family adversity at age 10–12; conduct problems, risk taking, and internalizing during adolescence; and adult outcomes of conduct problems, poor health, health risks, depression, and service use at ages 27 and 30. Analyses showed that childhood conduct problems predicted adolescent conduct problems and risk taking, which in turn, predicted adult conduct problems, health risks, depression, and service use. Childhood family adversity predicted adolescent internalizing, a predictor itself of poor health, depression, and service use at age 27. There was considerable continuity in the same adult outcomes measured over a 3-year period, as well as some cross-domain prediction from variables at age 27 to measures at age 30. Developmental patterns found in these data offer implications for future research and prevention.
The significance of childhood competence and problems for adult success in work: A developmental cascade analysis
Authors: Masten Ann S. , Desjardins Christopher David , McCormick Christopher M. , Kuo Sally I-Chun , Long Jeffrey D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSuccess in the domain of work is a salient developmental task of adulthood and a key indicator of adaptive function in the evaluation of health and psychopathology. Yet few studies have examined pathways to work competence, especially with strategies testing for cumulative cascade effects over time. Cascade models spanning 20 years were tested via structural equation modeling, linking work competence in early adulthood to antecedent competence in work and other domains of competence in childhood and emerging adulthood. Data were drawn from the Project Competence longitudinal study of 205 school children followed for 20 years. Relative fit of alternative models was evaluated by the Bayesian information criterion. As hypothesized, the effectiveness of adaptive behavior in earlier age-salient developmental task domains forecasted later work competence, which also showed strong concurrent links to competence in other domains. Results suggest there are numerous pathways by which success or failure in major developmental task domains in childhood and adolescence may influence adaptation in other domains and eventually work competence, both concurrently and cumulatively over time. Cascade effects highlight the potential significance for later work competence of childhood conduct (antisocial vs. rule-abiding behavior) and social competence with peers, in addition to the ongoing role that academic attainment may have for work success. Work competence also showed considerable stability over a 10-year period during early adulthood. Implications and applications for future research and intervention are discussed.
Evaluation of the interactionist model of socioeconomic status and problem behavior: A developmental cascade across generations
Authors: Martin Monica J. , Conger Rand D. , Schofield Thomas J. , Dogan Shannon J. , Widaman Keith F. , Donnellan M. Brent , Neppl Tricia K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe current multigenerational study evaluates the utility of the interactionist model of socioeconomic influence on human development (IMSI) in explaining problem behaviors across generations. The IMSI proposes that the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and human development involves a dynamic interplay that includes both social causation (SES influences human development) and social selection (individual characteristics affect SES). As part of the developmental cascade proposed by the IMSI, the findings from this investigation showed that Generation 1 (G1) adolescent problem behavior predicted later G1 SES, family stress, and parental emotional investments, as well as the next generation of children's problem behavior. These results are consistent with a social selection view. Consistent with the social causation perspective, we found a significant relation between G1 SES and family stress, and in turn, family stress predicted Generation 2 (G2) problem behavior. Finally, G1 adult SES predicted both material and emotional investments in the G2 child. In turn, emotional investments predicted G2 problem behavior, as did material investments. Some of the predicted pathways varied by G1 parent gender. The results are consistent with the view that processes of both social selection and social causation account for the association between SES and human development.
Changes in environmentally sensitive productivity and technological modernization in China's iron and steel industry in the 1990s
Authors: FUJII HIDEMICHI , KANEKO SHINJI , MANAGI SHUNSUKE 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTTechnological modernization is widely believed to contribute positively both to economic development and to environmental and resource conservation, through improvements in productivity and strengthening of business competitiveness. However, this may not always be true, particularly in the short term, as it requires substantial investments and may impose financial burdens on firms undertaking such investments. This study empirically examines the effects of technological modernization in China's iron and steel industry in the 1990s on conventional economic productivity (CEP) and environmentally sensitive productivities (ESPs). We employ a directional distance function that can handle multiple inputs and outputs to compute relative production efficiencies. We apply these models to the data covering 27 iron and steel firms in China between 1990 and 1999 – a period when the Chinese iron and steel industry modernized rapidly. We find that ESPs have continuously improved, even in the period when the CEP declined.
Vertical structure of small eukaryotes in three lakes that differ by their trophic status: a quantitative approach
Authors: Lepère Cecile , Masquelier Sylvie , Mangot Jean-François , Debroas Didier , Domaizon Isabelle 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
In lakes, the diversity of eukaryotic picoplankton has been recently studied by the analysis of 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences; however, quantitative data are rare. In this study, the vertical structure and abundance of the small eukaryotic size fraction (0.2–5 μm) were investigated in three lakes by tyramide signal amplification–fluorescent in situ hybridization targeting six phylogenetic groups: Chlorophyta, Haptophyta, Cercozoa, LKM11, Perkinsozoa and fungi. The groups targeted in this study are found in all lakes; however, both the abundance and structure of small eukaryotes are dependent on the system's productivity and depth. These data highlighted the presence of Chlorophyta contributing on an average to 19.3%, 14.7% and 41.2% of total small eukaryotes in lakes Bourget, Aydat and Pavin, respectively. This study also revealed the unexpected importance of Haptophyta, reaching 62.8% of eukaryotes in the euphotic zone of Lake Bourget. The high proportions of these pigmented cells highlight the underestimation of these groups by PCR-based methods. The presence of pigmented Chlorophyta in the deepest zones of the lakes suggests a mixotrophic behaviour of these taxa. We also confirmed the presence of putative parasites such as Perkinsozoa (5.1% of small eukaryotes in Lake Pavin and Bourget) and, with lower abundances, fungi (targeted by the MY1574 probe). Cells targeted by LKM11 probes represented the second group of abundance within heterotrophs. Open questions regarding the functional roles of the targeted groups arise from this study, especially regarding parasitism and mixotrophy, which are interactions poorly taken into account in planktonic food web models.
Harnessing structure-activity relationship to engineer a cisplatin nanoparticle for enhanced antitumor efficacy
Authors: Paraskar Abhimanyu S. , Soni Shivani , Chin Kenneth T. , Chaudhuri Padmaparna , Muto Katherine W. , Berkowitz Julia , Handlogten Michael W. , Alves Nathan J. , Bilgicer Basar , Dinulescu Daniela M. , Mashelkar Raghunath A. , Sengupta Shiladitya 
Published: June 2010

Cisplatin is a first line chemotherapy for most types of cancer. However, its use is dose-limited due to severe nephrotoxicity. Here we report the rational engineering of a novel nanoplatinate inspired by the mechanisms underlying cisplatin bioactivation. We engineered a novel polymer, glucosamine-functionalized polyisobutylene-maleic acid, where platinum (Pt) can be complexed to the monomeric units using a monocarboxylato and an O → Pt coordinate bond. We show that at a unique platinum to polymer ratio, this complex self-assembles into a nanoparticle, which releases cisplatin in a pH-dependent manner. The nanoparticles are rapidly internalized into the endolysosomal compartment of cancer cells, and exhibit an IC50 (4.25 ± 0.16 μM) comparable to that of free cisplatin (3.87 ± 0.37 μM), and superior to carboplatin (14.75 ± 0.38 μM). The nanoparticles exhibited significantly improved antitumor efficacy in terms of tumor growth delay in breast and lung cancers and tumor regression in a K-rasLSL/+/Ptenfl/flovarian cancer model. Furthermore, the nanoparticle treatment resulted in reduced systemic and nephrotoxicity, validated by decreased biodistribution of platinum to the kidney as quantified using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. Given the universal need for a better platinate, we anticipate this coupling of nanotechnology and structure-activity relationship to rationally reengineer cisplatin could have a major impact globally in the clinical treatment of cancer.
Euler’s “exemplum memorabile inductionis fallacis” and 𝑞-trinomial coefficients
Authors: Andrews George E. 
Published: June 2010

The trinomial coefficients are defined centrally by

Σ

j
=
−
m

∞

(
j
m

)
2

x
j

=

(
1
+
x
+

x

−
1

)
m

\Sigma _{j = - m}^\infty {(_j^m)_2}{x^j} = {(1 + x + {x^{ - 1}})^m}

. Euler observed that for

−
1
≤
m
≤
7

- 1 \leq m \leq 7

,

3

(

0

m
+
1

)
2

−

(

0

m
+
2

)
2

=

F
m

(

F
m

+
1
)

3{(_{\,\;0}^{m + 1})_2} - {(_{\,\;0}^{m + 2})_2} = {F_m}({F_m} + 1)

, where

F
m

{F_m}

is the

m
m

th Fibonacci number. The assertion is false for

m
>
7

m > 7

. We prove general identities—one of which reduces to Euler’s assertion for

m
≤
7

m \leq 7

. Our main object is to analyze

q
q

-analogs extending Euler’s observation. Among other things we are led to finite versions of dissections of the Rogers-Ramanujan identities into even and odd parts.
Perturbation theory for the Laplacian on automorphic functions
Authors: Phillips R. , Sarnak P. 
Published: June 2010

Let

Γ
⊂

PSL(2,

R

)

\Gamma \subset {\text {PSL(2, }}\mathbb {R}{\text {)}}

be a discrete subgroup with quotient

Γ
∖
H

\Gamma \backslash H

of finite volume but not compact. The spectrum of the Laplacian on

L
2

{L^2}

automorphic functions is unstable under perturbations; however, it becomes much more manageable when the scattering frequencies are adjoined (with multiplicity equal to the order of the pole of the determinant of the scattering matrix at these points). This augmented set shows up in a natural way in a one-sided version of the Selberg trace formula and is the actual spectrum of the generator of a cut-off wave equation. Applying standard perturbation theory to this operator, it is proved that the augmented spectrum is real analytic in Teichmüller space. The same operator is used to derive Fermi’s Golden Rule in this setting. It turns out that the proper multiplicity to be attached to the Laplacian eigenvalue at

1
4

\frac {1}{4}

is twice the dimension of cusp forms plus

μ
=

tr

[
Φ

+

I
]

/2

\mu = {\text { tr}}[\Phi {\text { + }}I]{\text {/2}}

; here

Φ
\Phi

denotes the scattering matrix at this point. It is shown that the generic value of

μ
\mu

in the Teichmüller space of the once punctured torus and the six-times punctured sphere is zero. This is also true of the

χ
\chi

-twisted spectral problem, where

χ
\chi

is a character for

Γ
\Gamma

.
Spatial dynamics of the 1918 influenza pandemic in England, Wales and the United States
Authors: Eggo Rosalind M. , Cauchemez Simon , Ferguson Neil M. 
Published: June 2010

There is still limited understanding of key determinants of spatial spread of influenza. The 1918 pandemic provides an opportunity to elucidate spatial determinants of spread on a large scale.
To better characterize the spread of the 1918 major wave, we fitted a range of city-to-city transmission models to mortality data collected for 246 population centres in England and Wales and 47 cities in the US. Using a gravity model for city-to-city contacts, we explored the effect of population size and distance on the spread of disease and tested assumptions regarding density dependence in connectivity between cities. We employed Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods to estimate parameters of the model for population, infectivity, distance and density dependence. We inferred the most likely transmission trees for both countries.
For England and Wales, a model that estimated the degree of density dependence in connectivity between cities was preferable by deviance information criterion comparison. Early in the major wave, long distance infective interactions predominated, with local infection events more likely as the epidemic became widespread. For the US, with fewer more widely dispersed cities, statistical power was lacking to estimate population size dependence or the degree of density dependence, with the preferred model depending on distance only. We find that parameters estimated from the England and Wales dataset can be applied to the US data with no likelihood penalty.
Chronic idiopathic urticaria: prevalence and clinical course
Authors: KULTHANAN Kanokvalai , JIAMTON Sukhum , THUMPIMUKVATANA Narumol , PINKAEW Sumruay 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe purpose of our study was to assess the prevalence and clinical course of patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU), as well as possible causes or associated findings, laboratory findings and the duration of the disease in patients with chronic urticaria (CU). We retrospectively reviewed the 450 case record forms of patients with CU and/or angioedema who attended the Department of Dermatology, Siriraj Hospital, during the period 2000–2004. Of 450 patients with CU, 337 patients (75%) were diagnosed as CIU. Forty‐three patients (9.5%) had physical urticaria, while 17 patients (3.8%) had infectious causes. Other possible causes were food, thyroid diseases, atopy, drugs, dyspepsia and collagen vascular diseases. In eighty‐nine percent of patients, no abnormalities were detected at the time of physical examination. The most common abnormal laboratory finding was minimal elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentary rate (42%). In 61 patients, autologous serum skin tests had been done. Fifteen patients (24.5%) had positive results i.e. autoimmune urticaria. Anti‐thyroglobulin and anti‐microsomal antibodies were positive in 16 % and 12% of CIU patients respectively. After 1 year from the onset of the symptoms, 34.5% of CIU patients were free of symptoms and after 1.2 years from the onset of the symptoms, 56.5% of autoimmune urticaria patients were free of symptoms. The median disease duration of CIU and autoimmune urticaria were 390 days and 450 days respectively. Our study provided an overview of CU and CIU in a large series of Thai patients, based on etiological aspects and clinical courses.