bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous composites of hydroxyapatite‐filled poly[ethylene‐co‐(vinyl acetate)] for tissue engineering
Authors: Sunny MC , Vincy PV , Anil Kumar PR , Ramesh P 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA novel porous composite of hydroxyapatite/poly[ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)] (HAP/EVA) having better osteointegration was fabricated by gas foaming technique using a non toxic gas blowing agent intended for bone replacement applications. Combined techniques of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) analysis showed that the pore size and pore volume of the porous composite decrease with the increase of HAP content. The gravimetric analysis evidenced for good pore interconnectivity within the porous composites. Energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) studies inveterated the even scattering of Ca ions which in turn indicate the uniform dispersion of HAP particles in the composites. The significant gradation in Ca ion concentration seen in EDX studies is well accordance with the amount of HAP loading in the sample. Mechanical properties of the porous composite having different HAP content were measured to have the compressive strength varying from 1.06 to 2.2 MPa. Non‐cytotoxic character of the material was observed by the cytocompatibility studies. The metabolic activity of L929 cells seeded on the material assessed by [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol)‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltertrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was found to be 91.8%. The adhesion and migration of the cells inside the pore walls were visualized by confocal microscopy. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Drug delivery: Magnetic Luminescent Porous Silicon Microparticles for Localized Delivery of Molecular Drug Payloads (Small 22/2010)
Authors: Gu Luo , Park Ji‐Ho , Duong Kim H. , Ruoslahti Erkki , Sailor Michael J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMagnetic manipulation, fluorescent tracking, and localized delivery of a drug payload to cancer cells in vitro is demonstrated, using nanostructured porous silicon microparticles as a carrier. The multifunctional microparticles are prepared by electrochemical porosification of a silicon wafer in a hydrofluoric acid‐containing electrolyte, followed by removal and fracture of the porous layer into particles using ultrasound. The intrinsically luminescent particles are loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and the anti‐cancer drug doxorubicin. The drug‐containing particles are delivered to human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells in vitro, under the guidance of a magnetic field. The high concentration of particles in the proximity of the magnetic field results in a high concentration of drug being released in that region of the Petri dish, and localized cell death is confirmed by cellular viability assay (Calcein AM).
MicroRNAs in cardiac hypertrophy: angels or devils
Authors: Ding Su‐Ling , Zhou Lu‐Yu , Li Pei‐Feng 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA molecules that can regulate gene expression via affecting mRNA stability or translation efficiency. miRNAs mediate many important cellular processes and emerge as a newly discovered regulator of gene expression. In cardiac hypertrophy, miRNAs expression is aberrantly altered. Some of these miRNAs can promote cardiac hypertrophy, whereas others can inhibit the process. In this review, we summarize the up‐ and downregulated miRNAs during cardiac hypertrophy and discuss about their roles in cardiac hypertrophy. The studies on miRNAs shed new light on the mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy and suggest that they may be promising therapeutic targets in tackling cardiac hypertrophy. WIREs RNA 2011 2 124–134 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.61This article is categorized under:

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial to Analyze the Effects of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression on Edema Following Autologous Femoropopliteal Bypass Surgery
Authors: te Slaa Alexander , Dolmans Dennis E. J. G. J. , Ho Gwan H. , Mulder Paul G. H. , van der Waal Jan C. H. , de Groot Hans G. W. , van der Laan Lijckle 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundPatients who undergo autologous femoropopliteal bypass surgery develop postoperative edema in the revascularized leg. The effects of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) to treat and to prevent postreconstructive edema were examined in this study.MethodsIn a prospective randomized trial, patients were assigned to one of two groups. All patients suffered from peripheral arterial disease, and all were subjected to autologous femoropopliteal bypass reconstruction. Patients in group 1 used a compression stocking (CS) above the knee exerting 18 mmHg (class I) on the leg postoperatively for 1 week (day and night). Patients in group 2 used IPC on the foot postoperatively at night for 1 week. The lower leg circumference was measured preoperatively and at five postoperative time points. A multivariate analysis was done using a mixed model analysis of variance.ResultsA total of 57 patients were analyzed (CS 28; IPC 29). Indications for operation were severe claudication (CS 13; IPC 13), rest pain (10/5), or tissue loss (7/11). Revascularization was performed with either a supragenicular (CS 13; IPC10) or an infragenicular (CS 15; IPC 19) autologous bypass. Leg circumference increased on day 1 (CS/IPC): 0.4%/2.7%, day 4 (2.1%/6.1%), day 7 (2.5%/7.9%), day 14 (4.7%/7.3%), and day 90 (1.0%/3.3%) from baseline (preoperative situation). On days 1, 4, and 7 there was a significant difference in leg circumference between the two treatment groups.ConclusionsEdema following femoropopliteal bypass surgery occurs in all patients. For the prevention and treatment of that edema the use of a class I CS proved superior to treatment with IPC. The use of CS remains the recommended practice following femoropopliteal bypass surgery.
The Influence of High-Grade and Low-Grade Histological Sub-Classification of G2 pT1 Transitional Cell Cancer of Bladder on Tumour Recurrence and Progression Rates—5-Year Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Shaw Matthew B.K. , Narahari Radhakrishna , Johnson Mark I. , Durkan Garrett C. , El-Sherif Amira , Thorpe Andrew C. 
Published: November 2010

Aim: We assess the impact of the histological sub-classification of newly diagnosed G2 pT1 TCC bladder into low-grade and high-grade groups on the pattern of disease recurrence and progression. Method: A retrospective case note analysis of all newly diagnosed G2 pT1 TCC bladder between January 2003 and December 2007 was performed. The pattern of disease recurrence and progression was recorded and correlated with the histological grade of the original tumour. In addition, the use of adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy was recorded and the effect of these agents noted. Results: 101 patients were included in the study of which 75 had high-grade disease, 14 had focally high-grade disease and 11 had low-grade disease. The recurrence rate was 42% in the high-grade group and 25% in the low-grade group. The progression rate was 13% in the high-grade group and no progression was seen in the low-grade group. Those patients with high-grade disease receiving adjuvant intravesical BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) immunotherapy had a progression rate of 6%, whereas those not receiving BCG treatment had a 18% progression rate. Conclusions: This study supports the view that the presence of high-grade elements in G2 pT1 TCC bladder makes it more likely to progress and therefore this group of patients should be treated aggressively, perhaps in a similar fashion to G3 pT1 TCC bladder.
Postnatal expression of the homeobox gene Prrxl1 (Drg11) is increased in inflammatory but not neuropathic pain
Authors: Monteirol Clara , Rebelol Sandra , Galhardol Vasco , Reguengal Carlos , Limal Deolinda 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe paired‐type homeodomain transcription factor Prrxl1 (also known as Drg11) is a key regulator of the differentiation and survival of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal nociceptive neurons in pre‐ and perinatal stages. Prrxl1−/− mice exhibit abnormalities in DRG‐spinal projections, defects in superficial dorsal horn structure and neurochemistry, and reduced nociceptive behaviour in several pain tests. Although a low expression of Prrxl1 persists in dorsal root ganglia beyond embryonic development, no data exist on its role in adult life. In this paper we evaluate whether DRG expression of Prrxl1 is affected both in inflammatory and neuropathic models of pain in adult mice. Ipsilateral versus contralateral relative expression of Prrxl1 in the DRG was compared in control and pain animals. The expression of Prrxl1 mRNA in mice with zymosan‐induced peripheral inflammation presented a 3.06±0.71‐fold‐increase in ipsilateral ganglia, which was significantly different from the value observed in control animals. In contrast, a slight, non‐statistically significant decrease was detected in the SNI model of neuropathy. Interestingly, the expression of the mRNA splice variant Prrxl1b was unchanged in both pain conditions. Immunohistochemical studies showed an increase in the number of Prrxl1‐positive neurons in the inflammatory pain model, which belonged both in the peptidergic and non‐peptidergic categories. Our present results point to a role for Prrxl1 in sensitization of nociceptive neurons upon inflammatory pain.
Charcoal signatures defined by multivariate analysis of charcoal records from 10 lakes in northwest Wisconsin (USA)
Authors: Lynch Elizabeth A. , Hotchkiss Sara C. , Calcote Randy 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe show how sedimentary charcoal records from multiple sites within a single landscape can be used to compare fire histories and reveal small scale patterns in fire regimes. Our objective is to develop strategies for classifying and comparing late-Holocene charcoal records in Midwestern oak- and pine-dominated sand plain ecosystems where fire regimes include a mix of surface and crown fires. Using standard techniques for the analysis of charcoal from lake sediments, we compiled 1000- to 4000-yr-long records of charcoal accumulation and charcoal peak frequencies from 10 small lakes across a sand plain in northwestern Wisconsin. We used cluster analysis to identify six types of charcoal signatures that differ in their charcoal influx rates, amount of grass charcoal, and frequency and magnitude of charcoal peaks. The charcoal records demonstrate that while fire histories vary among sites, there are regional patterns in the occurrence of charcoal signature types that are consistent with expected differences in fire regimes based on regional climate and vegetation reconstructions. The fire histories also show periods of regional change in charcoal signatures occurring during times of regional climate changes at ~700, 1000, and 3500 cal yr BP.
Reaching the Kampala Compromise on Aggression: The Chair's Perspective
Authors: WENAWESER CHRISTIAN 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis contribution sets out the path towards consensus at Kampala. Before the Review Conference, two main issues remained unresolved: the question whether some form of consent by the alleged aggressor state should be required, and the role of the UN Security Council. Few had expected a consensus on a comprehensive package. The outcome of Kampala reflects significant compromises, but also a significant step to advance international criminal law.
Differential photosynthetic adaptation between size-classes of Spruce and Fir juveniles help to explain the co-existence of the two species.
Authors: Bontempo e Silva Edgard , Hara Toshihiko , Sumida Akihiro , Ono Kiyomi 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Background/Question/Methods
_Abies sachalinensis_ (Sakhalin Fir) and Picea glehnii (Glehn’s Spruce) are major components of the sub-boreal forests of Hokkaido, Japan. Similar Spruce-Fir forests can be found in many other places in the northern hemisphere and will probably be impacted by global warming. Therefore, detailed knowledge of these species’ physiology and life-history strategies at different growth stages is important to understand present communities and to support reliable prediction of possible consequences of global climate change.Accordingly, the objective of this study was to establish relations between community dynamics, life-history strategies and photosynthetic adaptation of these species, on different developmental stages.The study is taking place on a sub-boreal forest plot in north Japan (N 44º 19’, E 142º 15’). Twenty shade-growing individuals of both species were divided into two height classes: seedlings, if height < 50cm; and saplings, if height > 100cm. The canopy coverage over each individual was assessed by analyzing hemispherical photography and average light incidence. Leaf pigments are being analyzed by chromatography. Light response curves and chlorophyll fluorescence are being measured seasonally, except in winter. Results are analyzed through General Linear Models. The study period was from spring 2009 to summer 2010.

Results/Conclusions
Results show an inversion of the photosynthetic adaptation between seedlings and saplings, and also between species. Picea seedlings and Abies saplings have greater total chlorophyll content and higher photosynthetic rates than Picea saplings and Abies seedlings. As a consequence, the superior competitor between similar sized individuals of both species appears to change between size-classes, with Abies presenting higher photosynthetic rates at the sapling class and Picea at the seedling class. Nevertheless, no significant growth has been observed in any of the groups until now. Results also disagree with some of the previously reported photosynthetic characteristics of these species, with Picea seedlings displaying more traits usually associated with shade adaptation than Abies seedlings.
Evaluating student translations by discourse analysis
Authors: Bensoussan Marsha , Rosenhouse Judith 
Published: November 2010

La traduction d'un texte a été utilisée pour evaluer sa compréhension par 62 étudiants de premiere année a l'Université de Haifa. Ils ont traduit un texte narratif d'anglais de 530 mots en leur langue maternelle, soit hébreu (31) soit arabe (31).
Les traductions des étudiants ont été examinées pour leur fidélité a l'original au niveau macro- (schéma) et micro- (les propositions; les fonctions communicatives, explicites et implicites; le vocabulaire et les expressions; les temps des verbes; la correction grammaticale entre les noms et les pronoms; la cohésion; et l'acceptabilité du style).
Les résultats des deux groupes ont indiqué que ce n'était pas le nombre d'erreurs, mais leur type et niveau qui était lié a la compréhension du texte. Les erreurs au niveau macro-, surtout de la fonction communicative implicite, ont mieux mis en évidence la manque de compréhension que les erreurs de micro- (i.e., vocabulaire).
On the Spanish translation of "arraignment"
Authors: Benmaman Virginia 
Published: November 2010

Malgré qu'un certain nombre de termes ont été proposés comme équivalent de "arraignment", aucun terme espagnol ne traduit avec exactitude la signification de cette procédure de droit commun. L'élément critique de cette procédure implique qu'en audience ouverte du tribunal, l'accusé plaide "coupable" ou "non coupable", ou, s'il y est autorisé, "nolo contendere" face à l'accusation. Les dictionnaires juridiques bilingues disponibles révèlent qu'en espagnol, les termes qui correspondent à cette procédure sont: acusación, lectura de la acusación, denuncia, pro-cesamiento et instrucción de cargos. Ces différentes expressions ne reflètent que partiellement les activités qu'englobe le "arraignment"''.
Cependant, ces expressions passent sous silence la plaidoirie de l'accusé qui marque officiellement la fin de la procédure de "arraignment". Pour combler ce vide conceptuel, le terme vista incoatoria a été proposé. Ce terme se réfère au témoignage par lequel et pendant lequel les poursuites judiciaires commencent officiellement. Bien que ce terme implique que certaines actions légales similaires à "l'arraignment" auront lieu pendant cette audience, il ne rend pas les paramètres d'exclusion contenus dans les expressions utilisées couramment. En outre, lorsqu'on compare les deux termes, on constate que vista incoatoria est plus représentatif du concept qui se trouve à la base du terme espagnol que ne l'est le terme anglais "arraignment".
Plato's Meno and the Possibility of Inquiry in the Absence of Knowledge
Authors: Grgic Filip 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In Meno 80d5-e5, we find two sets of objections concerning the possibility of inquiry in the absence of knowledge: the so-called Meno's paradox and the eristic arguments. This essay first shows that the eristic argument is not simply a restatement of Meno's paradox, but instead an objection of a completely different kind: Meno's paradox concerns not inquiry as such, but rather Socrates' inquiry into virtue as is pursued in the first part of the Meno, whereas the eristic argument indicates a manner in which Meno's paradox can be generalized. This implies that they cannot be resolved by the same argument. It is then argued that the theory of recollection, as presented in Socrates' experiment with the slave, cannot resolve Meno's paradox, its target being only the eristic argument. Only the hypothetical method of inquiry is the effective answer to Meno's paradox. Finally, this essay contends that, contrary to what the text might suggest, Socrates, by introducing the hypothetical method, does not abandon his principle that knowing what something is precedes knowing what something is like.
Der Dialog als sechste wichtigste Gattung in Platons Sophistes
Authors: Mojsisch Burkhard 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In his late dialogue The Sophist, Plato intends to show that the universal contents mo-tion, rest, being, identity and difference differ from and yet intermingle with each other. Plato develops this theory using the universal content motion as an example, whereas the present essay concentrates on dialogue as a further universal content linked with all the other contents. It thereby aims to deepen the understanding of Plato's late theory of ideas, arriving at the conclusion that for Plato the possibility of philosophy is due to the possibility of the relational community of the universal contents. Plato, however, does not investigate the possibility of possibility itself - an issue which can indeed be seen as the principle of the very possibility of universal contents and their relation.
Lux Regiomontana. Der kategorische Imperativ in Ciceros De officiis
Authors: Glei Reinhold F. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Interpretation of Cicero's De officiis mostly focuses on questions of traditional Quellen-forschung, especially on its relationship with the lost works of Panaetius, Posidonius and Hecato. This essay, on the contrary, tries to illuminate Cicero's work by confronting a pivotal passage of De off. (3, 19-32) with Kant's famous categorical imperative. Cicero's invention of a formula to decide moral dilemmas as well as its anthropological grounds and socio-political implications foreshadow the Kantian concept in the Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten. This suggests that there may even be a direct influence of Cicero on Kant.
Origine Méridionale Du Gotique
Authors: Mańczak Witold 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARY
The author compared fragments of the Gothic Bible with several parallel texts: High German, Low German, Eastern Frisian, and Danish. The result of the comparison was that the number of lexical simüarities between Gothic and the languages mentioned diminishes in the direction from South to North: High German shows 442 convergences, Low German 361, Eastern Frisian 246, and Danish 236. In addition, the author proved that lexical simüarities are more numerous between Gothic and Oberdeutsch (Upper German) than between Gothic and Ostmit-teldeutsch (East Middle German). It results from all these comparisons	that the primitive homeland of the Goths was in the southernmost part of the Germanic area. In other words, the opinion of Jordanes (6th cent.), approved by most scholars, that the Goths came from Scandinavia is nothing but a myth.
RÉSUMÉ
L'auteur a comparé des fragments de la Bible gotique avec des textes parallèles haut-allemand, bas-allemand, frison oriental, et danois. Cette comparaison a révélé que le nombre de ressemblants lexicales entre le gotique et les langues mentionnées diminue au fur et à mesure que l'on passe du Sud au Nord, le haut-allemand en présentant 442, le bas-allemand 361, le frison oriental 246, et le danois 235. En outre, l'auteur a montré que les convergences lexicales sont plus nombreuses entre le gotique et 1'Oberdeutsoh qu'entre le gotique et 1'0stmittetdeutsoh. La conclusion résultant de toutes ces comparaisons est que l'habitat primitif des Goths s'est trouvé dans la partie la plus méridionale du domaine germanique; autrement dit, l'affirmation de Jordanes (IVe siècle), approuvée par la grande majorité des ërudits, selon laquelle les Goths proviendraient de Scandinavie, n'est qu'un mythe.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Verfasser verglich Fragmente der gotischen Bibel mit mehreren parallelen Texten: aus dem Hochdeutschen, dem Niederdeutschen, dem Ostfriesischen, und dem Danischen. Es stelle sich heraus, dass die Anzahl von lexikalischen Ahnlichkeiten zwischen dem Gotischen und den genannten Sprachen abnimmt, wenn man vom Suden nach Norden vorriickt; das Hochdeutsche weist 442 Konvergenzen auf, das Niederdeutsche 361, das Ostfriesische 246, und das Danische 235. Ausserdem zeigt Verfasser, dass lexikalische Ahnlichkeiten zwischen dem Gotischen und dem Oberdeutschen zahlreicher sind, als zwischen dem Gotischen und dem Ostmitteldeutschen. Aus aü diesen Vergleichen ergibt sich, dass die Urheimat der Goten im aussersten Siiden des germanischen Bereiches lag. Mit anderen Worten: die von den meisten Gelehrten gebüligte Ansicht Jordanes' (6. Jh.), die Goten seien aus Skandinavien gekommen, erweist sich als ein Mythus.
Indo-European Consonant Ablaut
Authors: Hodge Carleton T. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARY
Variations such as Skt. bru-t Av. mru- "speak" have long been of concern to Indo-Europeanists, as have like alternants in
Afroasiatic. Recent work in the latter field suggests that some of these variants can be attributed to prehistoric affixes. Given
a base form such as **d-r, found in Gk. (Hes.) dr-ops "man", one may have a nasal infix, as in a-ndr-bs "of a man", and/or an
aspirate affix, as in a-nthr-opos "man". The aspirate is neutral as to voice, so d or t plus H yields th, an example with t being
Gk. pater "father", pentherós "father-in-law". Comparison with Afroasiatic has also shown that many IE w' s are from proto **b, so
that one has a series of forms such as: *reu-"rip up", *rebh- "violent", *remb- "hack" from proto **r-b. Other alternations
suggest a glottal (or pharyngal) affix, with sets of variants such as: w ~ b (< b + ?) - bh ~ mb, p ~ b (< p + ?) ~ bh ~ mb.
This results in a considerable reduction in the number of reconstructable roots and demonstrates the secondary nature of all
aspirates, as well as of many nasals and certain other consonants.