bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medial versus Lateral Supraspinatus Tendon Properties
Authors: Wang Vincent M. , Wang FanChia , McNickle Allison G. , Friel Nicole A. , Yanke Adam B. , Chubinskaya Susan , Romeo Anthony A. , Verma Nikhil N. , Cole Brian J. 
Published: October 2010

Background Rotator cuff repair retear rates range from 25% to 90%, necessitating methods to improve repair strength. Although numerous laboratory studies have compared single-row with double-row fixation properties, little is known regarding regional (ie, medial vs lateral) suture retention properties in intact and torn tendons. Hypothesis A torn supraspinatus tendon will have reduced suture retention properties on the lateral aspect of the tendon compared with the more medial musculotendinous junction. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Human supraspinatus tendons (torn and intact) were randomly assigned for suture retention mechanical testing, ultrastructural collagen fibril analysis, or histologic testing after suture pullout testing. For biomechanical evaluation, sutures were placed either at the musculotendinous junction (medial) or 10 mm from the free margin (lateral), and tendons were elongated to failure. Collagen fibril assessments were performed using transmission electron microscopy. Results Intact tendons showed no regional differences with respect to suture retention properties. In contrast, among torn tendons, the medial region exhibited significantly higher stiffness and work values relative to the lateral region. For the lateral region, work to 10-mm displacement (1592 ± 261 N-mm) and maximum load (265 ± 44 N) for intact tendons were significantly higher (P < .05) than that of torn tendons (1086 ± 388 N-mm and 177 ± 71 N, respectively). For medial suture placement, maximum load, stiffness, and work of intact and torn tendons were similar (P >. 05). Regression analyses for the intact and torn groups revealed generally low correlations between donor age and the 3 biomechanical indices. For both intact and torn tendons, the mean fibril diameter and area density were greater in the medial region relative to the lateral (P ≤. 05). In the lateral tendon, but not the medial region, torn specimens showed a significantly lower fibril area fraction (48.3% ± 3.8%) than intact specimens (56.7% ± 3.6%, P < .05). Conclusion Superior pullout resistance of medially placed sutures may provide a strain shielding effect for the lateral row after double-row repair. Larger diameter collagen fibrils as well as greater fibril area fraction in the medial supraspinatus tendon may provide greater resistance to suture migration. Clinical Relevance While clinical factors such as musculotendinous integrity warrant strong consideration for surgical decision making, the present ultrastructural and biomechanical results appear to provide a scientific rationale for double-row rotator cuff repair where sutures are placed more medially at the muscle-tendon junction.
Hip Adduction and Abduction Strength Profiles in Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Thorborg Kristian , Serner Andreas , Petersen Jesper , Madsen Thomas Moller , Magnusson Peter , Hölmich Per 
Published: October 2010

Background: An ipsilateral hip adduction/abduction strength ratio of more than 90%, and hip adduction strength equal to that of the contralateral side have been suggested to clinically represent adequate strength recovery of hip adduction strength in athletes after groin injury. However, to what extent side-to-side symmetry in isometric hip adduction and abduction strength can be assumed in soccer players remains uncertain. Purpose: To compare isometric hip adduction and abduction strength on the dominant and nondominant side in injury-free soccer players. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: One hundred elite soccer players were included. Maximal unilateral isometric hip adduction and abduction strength on the dominant and nondominant side were measured with a handheld dynamometer, using a reliable test procedure. Results: The dominant side was stronger than the nondominant side for both isometric hip adduction (2.45 ± 0.54 vs 2.37 ± 0.48 Nm/kg, P = .02) and hip abduction (2.35 ± 0.33 vs 2.25 ± 0.31 Nm/kg, P < .001), corresponding to a 3% and 4% difference, respectively. Isometric hip adduction was greater than isometric hip abduction for both the dominant (2.44 ± 0.53 vs 2.35 ± 0.33 Nm/kg, P = .04) and nondominant (2.37 ± 0.48 vs 2.26 ± 0.33 Nm/kg, P = .03) side. Isometric hip adduction/abduction ratio was not different between the dominant (1.04 ± 0.18) and nondominant (1.06 ± 0.17, P = .40) side. A post hoc analysis showed that isometric hip adduction/abduction ratio was significantly lower in players with groin pain during hip adduction testing compared with players with a pain-free test (0.80 ± 0.14, P < .001) Conclusion: The marginal difference between the dominant and the nondominant side is within the measurement variation of the test procedure, and contralateral isometric hip adduction strength can therefore be used as a simple clinical reference point of full recovery of hip adduction muscle strength in soccer players. Furthermore, it is suggested that the ipsilateral hip adduction/abduction strength ratio is used as a guideline for evaluating hip adduction strength recovery in soccer players with bilateral groin problems.
Structural and antimicrobial properties of human pre-elafin/trappin-2 and derived peptides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Bellemare Audrey , Vernoux Nathalie , Morin Sébastien , Gagné Stéphane M , Bourbonnais Yves 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Pre-elafin/trappin-2 is a human innate defense molecule initially described as a potent inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. The full-length protein as well as the N-terminal "cementoin" and C-terminal "elafin" domains were also shown to possess broad antimicrobial activity, namely against the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa. The mode of action of these peptides has, however, yet to be fully elucidated. Both domains of pre-elafin/trappin-2 are polycationic, but only the structure of the elafin domain is currently known. The aim of the present study was to determine the secondary structures of the cementoin domain and to characterize the antibacterial properties of these peptides against P. aeruginosa.

Results
We show here that the cementoin domain adopts an α-helical conformation both by circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses in the presence of membrane mimetics, a characteristic shared with a large number of linear polycationic antimicrobial peptides. However, pre-elafin/trappin-2 and its domains display only weak lytic properties, as assessed by scanning electron micrography, outer and inner membrane depolarization studies with P. aeruginosa and leakage of liposome-entrapped calcein. Confocal microscopy of fluorescein-labeled pre-elafin/trappin-2 suggests that this protein possesses the ability to translocate across membranes. This correlates with the finding that pre-elafin/trappin-2 and elafin bind to DNA in vitro and attenuate the expression of some P. aeruginosa virulence factors, namely the biofilm formation and the secretion of pyoverdine.

Conclusions
The N-terminal cementoin domain adopts α-helical secondary structures in a membrane mimetic environment, which is common in antimicrobial peptides. However, unlike numerous linear polycationic antimicrobial peptides, membrane disruption does not appear to be the main function of either cementoin, elafin or full-length pre-elafin/trappin-2 against P. aeruginosa. Our results rather suggest that pre-elafin/trappin-2 and elafin, but not cementoin, possess the ability to modulate the expression of some P.aeruginosa virulence factors, possibly through acting on intracellular targets.
Genes encoding critical transcriptional activators for murine neural tube development and human spina bifida: a case-control study
Authors: Lu Wei , Guzman Adrian R , Yang Wei , Chapa Claudia J , Shaw Gary M , Greene Robert M , Pisano M Michele , Lammer Edward J , Finnell Richard H , Zhu Huiping 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundSpina bifida is a malformation of the neural tube and is the most common of neural tube defects (NTDs). The etiology of spina bifida is largely unknown, although it is thought to be multi-factorial, involving multiple interacting genes and environmental factors. Mutations in transcriptional co-activator genes-Cited2,p300,Cbp,Tfap2α,Carm1andCart1result in NTDs in murine models, thus prompt us to investigate whether homologues of these genes are associated with NTDs in humans.MethodsData and biological samples from 297 spina bifida cases and 300 controls were derived from a population-based case-control study conducted in California. 37 SNPs withinCITED2,EP300,CREBBP,TFAP2A,CARM1andALX1were genotyped using an ABI SNPlex assay. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for alleles, genotypes and haplotypes to evaluate the risk for spina bifida.ResultsSeveral SNPs showed increased or decreased risk, includingCITED2rs1131431 (OR = 5.32, 1.04~27.30),EP300rs4820428 (OR = 1.30, 1.01~1.67),EP300rs4820429 (OR = 0.50, 0.26~0.50, in whites, OR = 0.7, 0.49~0.99 in all subjects),EP300rs17002284 (OR = 0.43, 0.22~0.84),TFAP2Ars3798691 (OR = 1.78, 1.13~2.87 in Hispanics),CREBBPrs129986 (OR = 0.27, 0.11~0.69),CARM1rs17616105 (OR = 0.41, 0.22~0.72 in whites). In addition, one haplotype block inEP300and one inTFAP2Aappeared to be associated with increased risk.ConclusionsModest associations were observed inCITED2,EP300,CREBBP,TFAP2AandCARM1but notALX1. However, these modest associations were not statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Searching for potential functional variants and rare causal mutations is warranted in these genes.
Aggressive mammary carcinoma progression in Nrf2 knockout mice treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
Authors: Becks Lisa , Prince Misty , Burson Hannah , Christophe Christopher , Broadway Mason , Itoh Ken , Yamamoto Masayuki , Mathis Michael , Orchard Elysse , Shi Runhua , McLarty Jerry , Pruitt Kevin , Zhang Songlin , Kleiner-Hancock Heather E 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), which belongs to the basic leucine zipper transcription factor family, is a strategy for cancer chemopreventive phytochemicals. It is an important regulator of genes induced by oxidative stress, such as glutathione S-transferases, heme oxygenase-1 and peroxiredoxin 1, by activating the antioxidant response element (ARE). We hypothesized that (1) the citrus coumarin auraptene may suppress premalignant mammary lesions via activation of Nrf2/ARE, and (2) that Nrf2 knockout (KO) mice would be more susceptible to mammary carcinogenesis.

Methods
Premalignant lesions and mammary carcinomas were induced by medroxyprogesterone acetate and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene treatment. The 10-week pre-malignant study was performed in which 8 groups of 10 each female wild-type (WT) and KO mice were fed either control diet or diets containing auraptene (500 ppm). A carcinogenesis study was also conducted in KO vs. WT mice (n = 30-34). Comparisons between groups were evaluated using ANOVA and Kaplan-Meier Survival statistics, and the Mann-Whitney U-test.

Results
All mice treated with carcinogen exhibited premalignant lesions but there were no differences by genotype or diet. In the KO mice, there was a dramatic increase in mammary carcinoma growth rate, size, and weight. Although there was no difference in overall survival, the KO mice had significantly lower mammary tumor-free survival. Also, in the KO mammary carcinomas, the active forms of NF-κB and β-catenin were increased ~2-fold whereas no differences in oxidized proteins were observed. Many other tumors were observed, including lymphomas. Interestingly, the incidences of lung adenomas in the KO mice were significantly higher than in the WT mice.

Conclusions
We report, for the first time, that there was no apparent difference in the formation of premalignant lesions, but rather, the KO mice exhibited rapid, aggressive mammary carcinoma progression.
Association between actual weight status, perceived weight and depressive, anxious symptoms in Chinese adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tang Jie , Yu Yizhen , Du Yukai , Ma Ying , Zhu Huiping , Liu Zhuoya 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Backgroud
The purpose of this study was to describe actual measured weight and perceived weight and to explore associations with depressive, anxiety symptoms in school adolescents in China.

Methods
A sample of 1144 Chinese adolescents was randomly selected from four schools in Wuhan, China, including 665 boys and 479 girls with ages ranging between 10 and 17 years. Actual measured weight and height and perceived weight status were compared to anxiety and depressive symptoms measured using the revised Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Children's Depression Inventory. A general linear model was used to compare differences in psychological symptoms among the teenagers with different measured and perceived weights.

Results
When compared with standardized weight tables (WHO age- and gender-specific body mass index (BMI) cutoffs (2007 reference)), girls were more likely to misperceive themselves as overweight, whereas more boys misclassified their weight status as underweight. The adolescents who perceived themselves as overweight were more likely to experience depressive and anxiety symptoms (except girls) than those who perceived themselves as normal and/or underweight. However, no significant association was found between depressive and anxiety symptoms actual measured weight status.

Conclusions
Perceived weight status, but not the actual weight status, was associated with psychological symptoms.
Improved healing response in delayed unions of the tibia with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound: results of a randomized sham-controlled trial
Authors: Schofer Markus D , Block Jon E , Aigner Julia , Schmelz Andreas 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
We compared the healing response of tibial delayed unions between subjects treated with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) (n = 51) and subjects treated with a sham device (n = 50). Fracture age was ≥ 4 months in all cases. Study personnel and participants were blinded to random treatment assignment throughout the study.

Methods
This multi-center randomized sham-controlled trial was undertaken at six hospitals in Germany. Adult patients who had sustained a tibial shaft fracture that subsequently showed inadequate progress toward healing (i.e., delayed union) were enrolled and randomized to receive either LIPUS (Exogen 2000/2000+, Smith & Nephew GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany) or an identical nonoperative sham device. The daily treatment duration was 20 minutes, for a period of 16 weeks. Subjects randomly assigned to active treatment had the ultrasound pressure wave signal set at the following parameters: 1.5 MHz frequency, 1 kHz repetition rate, 200 μs pulse duration, 30 mW/cm2 spatial intensity. Progress toward healing was estimated from changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and gap area as determined from computed tomography scans. Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted using a multiple imputation methodology.

Results
Based on log-transformed data, mean improvement in BMD was 1.34 (90% confidence interval (CI) 1.14 to 1.57) times greater for LIPUS-treated subjects compared to sham (p = 0.002). A mean reduction in bone gap area also favored LIPUS treatment (p = 0.014).

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate significantly greater progress toward bone healing after LIPUS treatment compared to no LIPUS treatment in subjects with established delayed unions of the tibia.
Dietary fatty acid composition alters 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 gene expression in rat retroperitoneal white adipose tissue
Authors: Vara Prasad Sakamuri SS , Jeya Kumar Shanmugam S , Kumar Putcha Uday , Qadri Syed SYH , Vajreswari Ayyalasomayajula 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) amplifies intracellular glucocorticoid action by converting inactive glucocorticoids to their active formsin vivo. Adipose-specific overexpression of 11β-HSD1 induces metabolic syndrome in mice, whereas 11β-HSD1 null mice are resistant to it. Dietary trans and saturated fatty acids (TFAs and SFAs) are involved in the development of metabolic syndrome, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) offer protection against this. Here, we report the effects of chronic feeding of different diets containing vanaspati (TFA rich), palm oil (SFA rich) and sunflower oil (PUFA rich) at 10%level on 11β-HSD1 gene expression in rat retroperitoneal adipose tissue. 11β-HSD1 gene expression was significantly higher in TFA rich diet-fed rats compared to SFA rich diet-fed rats, which in turn was significantly higher than PUFA rich diet-fed rats. Similar trend was observed in the expression of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), the main transcription factor required for the expression of 11β-HSD1. We propose that TFAs and SFAs increase local amplification of glucocorticoid action in adipose tissue by upregulating 11β-HSD1 by altering C/EBP-α-gene expression. The increased levels of glucocorticoids in adipose tissue may lead to development of obesity and insulin resistance, thereby increasing the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
Effect of recipient-derived cells on the progression of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy after liver transplantation: a retrospective study
Authors: Ohya Yuki , Jono Hirofumi , Nakamura Masaaki , Hayashida Shintaro , Ueda Mitsuharu , Obayashi Konen , Misumi Shogo , Asonuma Katsuhiro , Ando Yukio , Inomata Yukihiro 
Published: October 2010

Background Some familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) patients show the post-transplant progression of the clinical symptoms. Although the presence of recipient-derived cells in transplanted livers has been reported, no studies investigating the functional significance of this post-transplant chimerism in transplanted FAP patients were performed. The aims of this study were to evaluate amyloidogenic transthyretin (ATTR) production of recipient-derived cells and the relationship between the protein from recipient-derived cells and the progression of FAP symptoms after liver transplantation (LT). Methods Seven FAP ATTR Val30Met patients who underwent LT were included in this study. In one male patient with sex-mismatched donor, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method was performed on a liver biopsy sample using DNA probes for visualizing X and Y chromosomes to detect the recipient-derived cells. In three patients including the FISH-analysed patient, ATTR mRNA expression in transplanted livers was evaluated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–restriction fragment length polymorphism method and realtime quantitative reverse transcription–PCR. In five of the seven patients, ATTR in serum protein expression was measured by mass spectrometry. Results One FAP patient has 3.1% recipient-derived cells in the transplanted liver. The ATTR mRNA was not expressed in any of the three transplanted livers. The ATTR was not detected in any sera of the sampled patients. Conclusion Although the FAP patient had recipient-derived cells in the transplanted liver, the recipient-derived cells did not contribute to the production of ATTR in our specific case. The effect of recipient-derived cells on the post-transplant progression of FAP symptoms may be negligible.
The effect of GH replacement therapy on different fat compartments: a whole-body magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Egger A , Buehler T , Boesch C , Diem P , Stettler C , Christ E R 
Published: October 2010

ObjectivePatients with GH deficiency (GHD) are insulin resistant with an increase in visceral fat mass (FM). Whether this holds true when sedentary control subjects (CS) are matched for waist has not been documented.GH replacement therapy (GHRT) results in a decrease in FM. Whether the decrease in FM is mainly related to a reduction in visceral FM remains to be proven. The aim was to separately assess visceral and subcutaneous FM in relation to insulin resistance (IR) in GHD patients before and after GHRT and in sedentary CS.MethodsTen patients with GHD were investigated before and 6 months after GHRT. Sedentary CS matched for age, gender, body mass index, and waist were assessed. Exercise capacity was measured as VO2maxusing an incremental work load on a treadmill. Visceral and subcutaneous FM were measured using whole-body magnetic resonance imaging and IR by the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) index.ResultsGHD patients had a non-significantly lower VO2maxbut did not have increased subcutaneous and visceral FM compared with CS. GHRT resulted in a similar relative decrease in subcutaneous and visceral FM. Compared with CS, GHD patients showed a lower HOMA-IR. GHRT tended to increase HOMA-IR.ConclusionMatching for waist and separate assessment of visceral and subcutaneous FM may be critical in the evaluation of body composition and IR in GHD patients before and after GHRT.
Impairment of insulin receptor signal transduction in placentas of intra-uterine growth-restricted newborns and its relationship with fetal growth
Authors: Street M E , Viani I , Ziveri M A , Volta C , Smerieri A , Bernasconi S 
Published: October 2010

ObjectiveIntra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) is related to a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We previously reported reduced adiponectin and increased interleukin 6 (IL6) concentrations in IUGR placentas, which are features of insulin resistance. We aimed to investigate placental insulin receptor (IR) function and activation in human placenta and subsequently the relationships of insulin signalling peptides with placental protein content in IL6, insulin, resistin and adiponectin, and with parameters of fetal growth.Design and methodsWhole villous tissue was collected from 18 IUGR and 24 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) placentas of comparable gestational age. Insulin signalling peptides, suppressors of cytokine signalling-2 (SOCS2), insulin, adiponectin, resistin, and IL6 concentrations were determined by using western immunoblotting or specific research kits.ResultsThe amount of total IR was similar in both groups but activated IR significantly higher in IUGR. Total IR substrate-1 (IRS1) was increased in IUGR, whereas total IRS2 and activated IRS1 were similar. AKT content was reduced and activated AKT was undetectable in IUGR placentas. c-Jun N-terminal kinase content was reduced in IUGR. Total and activated ERK1/2 was similar in IUGR and AGA groups, and total SOCS2 was increased in IUGR. IL6 lysate concentrations correlated with AKT content and activated IR. Correlations were found also with adiponectin and resistin. SOCS2 correlated negatively with all growth parameters at birth.ConclusionsIR was more activated in placentas of IUGR compared with AGA; however, signal transduction downstream of the receptor was impaired. The increase in activated IR could be in favour of a compensatory mechanism to increase insulin sensitivity. Close relationships of insulin action in placenta with fetal growth were shown.
Bioethanol Production from Rice Straw in the MAFF Research Project, Japan
Authors: Tokuyasu Ken 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRice straw is among the most abundant herbaceous biomass, and regarded as the central feedstock for bioethanol production in Japan. We found that significant amounts of soft carbohydrates (SCs), defined as carbohydrates readily recoverable by mere extraction from the biomass or brief enzymatic saccharification, exist in rice straw in the form of free glucose, free fructose, sucrose, starch, and β-1,3-1,4-glucan. Based on the finding, we proposed a simple method for bioethanol production from rice straw samples with SCs, by a heat treatment for sterilization and starch gelatinization, followed by simultaneous saccharification/fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This method would offer an efficient process for bioethanol production without the aid of harsh thermo/chemical pretreatment step.