bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Thymus‐Arten im Nordosten des europäischen Teiles der UdSSR Studien zur Kenntnis der Gattung Thymus L.; 3
Authors: Schmidt Peter 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEine Bearbeitung der Gattung Thymus für die „Flora des Nordostens des europäischen Teiles der UdSSR”︁ (Flora sewerowostoka jewropeiskoi tschasti SSSR) ergab, daß neben den Neophyten Thymus marschallianus Willd. und Thymus pulegioides L. nur zwei Arten vorkommen. Der europäische Thymus serpyllum L. emend. Mill. erreicht im Untersuchungsgebiet seine Ostgrenze und tritt im Norden in einer besonderen geographischen Rasse – subsp. tanaensis (Hyl.) Jal. – auf. Thymus talijevii Klok. et Shost. emend. nov., eine Art aus der sibirischen Verwandtschaft, dringt vom Ural weit in den Nordosten des europäischen Teiles der Sowjetunion vor und bildet im nördlichen Uralbereich eine eigene Rasse: subsp. paucifolius (Klok.) comb. nov.
Aufgaben, Möglichkeiten und Methoden der Charakterisierung von Keimlings‐ und Jugendstadien der Wildpflanzen, dargestellt an forstlichen Schadunkräutern
Authors: Endtmann K. Jügen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUntersuchungen zur Früherkennung forstlicher Schadunkräuter stellen einen Teil des großen Rahmenthemas Unkrautbiologie dar. Sie dienen dem gezielten Herbizideinsatz in der Forstwirtschaft und geben ein Beispiel dafür, wie taxonomische Arbeiten unmittelbar produktionswirksam werden. Die aufgezeigten methodischen Hinweise gelten ganz allgemein für Arbeiten zur Sippencharakterisierung nach vegetativen Merkmalen. Wuchsformenuntersuchungen, Erweiterung der Sippencharakteristiken durch vegetative Merkmale und Erarbeitung von Bestimmungsmöglichkeiten für die sterilen Entwicklungsstadien unserer Pflanzenwelt sind wichtige Aufgaben der Taxonomie unserer Zeit.
Nomenclatural notes upon Scandinavian orchids
Authors: Løjtnant Bernt 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThree new combinations, Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó ssp. incarnata var. hyphaematodes (Neum.) Løjtnant, Gymnadenia albida (L.) L. C. Rich. ssp. straminea (Fern.) Løjtnant, and Platanthera bifolia (L.) L. C. Rich. ssp. latiflora (Drejer) Løjtnant are made. Some nomenclatural problems of Pseudorchis and Platanthera are discussed and the differences between P. bifolia ssp. bifolia and ssp. latiflora are illustrated by means of photographs, drawings, and biometric data.
Durch Protophytobia cupressorum gen. nov., sp. nov. (Agromyzidae, Diptera) verursachte Markflecke in einem Holz von Juniperoxylon aus dem Tertiär von Süd‐Limburg (Niederlande) und der Nachweis von Markflecken in einer rezenten Callitris‐Art
Authors: Süss Herbert 
Published: August 2010

AbstractVon einem durch Kräusel & Schönfeld (1924) beschriebenen Cupressaceen‐Holz aus dem Tertiär von Süd‐Limburg (Niederlande) nahm Greguss (1970) Stücke heraus, die Insektenfraß aufweisen. In einer rezenten Callitris‐Art aus Australien fand er die gleiche Erscheinung (1970). Greguss betrachtete indessen die Erscheinung als natürliche spezifische Holzeigenschaft. In Wirklichkeit handelt es sich um Markflecke, die durch ein im Kambium minierendes Insekt verursacht werden. Beide Fälle sind in vorliegender Arbeit beschrieben worden. Ich nenne die Markflecke im fossilen Koniferen‐Holz von Süd‐Limburg Protophytobia cupressorum gen. nov., sp. nov. Unter diesem Namen wird ein Insekt verstanden, das nur durch die charakteristischen Fraßgänge überliefert ist. Bei lebenden Angiospermen‐Hölzern ist Phytobia Lioy (Agromyzidae, Diptera) die einzige bisher bekannte Gattung. Aus Koniferen‐Hölzern sind bisher keine entsprechenden Arten bekannt. Die Fraßgänge bei Koniferen werden zum großen Teil durch umgewandelte Tracheiden verschlossen.
Taxonomic Significance of Sclerenchyma Distribution in the Secondary Phloem of Some Indian Tropical Trees
Authors: Ghouse A. K. M. , Iqbal M. , Siddiqui F. A. , Jamal A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAnalysis of the relative amount and distribution pattern of phloem sclerenchyma in some 29 tropical trees of India was carried out with systematic considerations. Both the features exhibited considerable diversity among the species analyzed. The extent of area occupied by sclerenchyma in transections of the bark of these species varied from zero to 35% and 3 to 49% in the conducting and non‐conducting phloem zones respectively, the overall amount constituting about 3 to 45% of the secondary phloem as a whole. The sclerenchyma cells differentiated either as isolated elements or in the form of bands or fascicles of diverse shape and size showing various distribution patterns.
La carte de la végétation des Aït‐Baha (Anti‐Atlas occidental, Maroc) et son intérêt pour l'édaphologie
Authors: El Aboudi A. , Peltier J. P. , Doche B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA l'occasion du levé de la carte de la végétation des Aït‐Baha (Anti‐Atlas occidental, Maroc) douze communautés végétales, dominées par l'arganier [Argania spinosa (L.) SKEELS] ont été cartographiées. Elles reflètent l'édaphologie qui détermine les potentialités hydriques des sols.
Use of chloroplast DNA polymorphisms for the phylogenetic study of the subgenera Amerallium and Bromatorrhiza (genus Allium)
Authors: Samoylov A. , Klaas M. , Hanelt P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variability has been examined in 16 Allium species of the subgenera Amerallium and Bromatorrhiza according to the recently accepted classification in order to test conflicting ideas of their taxonomic relationships. Combinations of ten restriction enzymes and nine heterologous cpDNA probes were used to identify more than 1000 restriction fragments, 197 of these were informative. A phenetic analysis was carried out, and the resulting UPGMA and Neighbour joining dendrograms allow us to divide the 16 species into two groups. The first one includes species of several American sections of subg. Ameraltium, the second group combines all Old World species of subg. Amerallium and subg. Bromatorrhiza. The Bromatorrhiza accessions are interspersed among the typical Ameralliums and are separated from one another, thus confirming the artificial character of this group, which had to be dissolved and incorporated into subg. Amerallium. Two species of the former subg. Bromatorrhiza cluster with the South‐European sects. Briseis and Narkissoprason, whereas the two other species with a basic chromosome number x = 8 are rather isolated within subg. Amerallium. These E Himalayan–SW Chinese plants take an intermediate position between the two large x = 7 and x = 8 subgroups of Allium, suggesting a key role for them as a basic group in the diversification process of the genus.
Floral biology and pollination of Bocageopsis multiflora and Oxandra euneura in Central Amazonia, with remarks on the evolution of stamens in Annonaceae
Authors: Webber A. C. , Gottsberger G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe Central Amazonian Annonaceae species Bocageopsis multiflora and Oxandra euneura were studied with respect to anthesis, flowering phenology, odor production, and visitation and pollination of the flowers by insects. Flowers of both species are protogynous and have diurnal anthesis. The sweetish flower odors attract thrips to Bocageopsis flowers and staphylinid beetles and thrips to Oxandra flowers. These insects apparently are not harmful to flower tissues; they crawl on the stamens and stigmas and seem to be efficient pollen vectors. The stamens of Bocageopsis and Oxandra, which possess a prominent tongue‐shaped connective prolongation supposedly represent the archaic stamen form within the Annonaceae. It is speculated that the stamens of these species could maintain their original laminar form with tongue‐shaped prolongations because of the low selection pressure exerted by the non‐destructive thrips and staphylinid beetles. The strong influence of voracious beetles on flower structures in other neotropical Annonaceae is discussed.
Cerebellar-dependent delay eyeblink conditioning in adolescents with Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Steinmetz Adam B. , Rice Mabel L. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Cerebellar impairments have been hypothesized as part of the pathogenesis of Specific Language Impairment (SLI), although direct evidence of cerebellar involvement is sparse. Eyeblink Conditioning (EBC) is a learning task with well documented cerebellar pathways. This is the first study of EBC in affected adolescents and controls. 16 adolescent controls, 15 adolescents with SLI, and 12 adult controls participated in a delay EBC task. Affected children had low general language performance, grammatical deficits but no speech impairments. The affected group did not differ from the control adolescent or control adult group, showing intact cerebellar functioning on the EBC task. This study did not support cerebellar impairment at the level of basic learning pathways as part of the pathogenesis of SLI. Outcomes do not rule out cerebellar influences on speech impairment, or possible other forms of cerebellar functioning as contributing to SLI.
Donor site morbidity following the harvesting of cortical bone graft from the tibia in children
Authors: Dodabassappa Siddesh N. , Shah Hitesh H. , Joseph Benjamin 
Published: August 2010

Introduction Since the nature of complications following the harvesting of bone from the tibia in children is not well documented in the literature, we undertook this study in order to determine the frequency and nature of donor site complications following the harvesting of large cortical strut grafts from the tibial diaphysis in children. Materials and methods During the past 19 years, tibial cortical grafts were harvested from 47 children on 77 separate occasions, mainly for the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. The technique of graft harvesting was identical in every case. Case records of these 47 children were reviewed. Forty of these children were reviewed at a mean period of 5.5 years. Results No immediate post-operative complications were noted and, at follow-up, apart from mild bowing of the anterior cortex of the tibia, no deformities were encountered. The tibial cortex reformed completely and this facilitated repeat graft harvesting when required. The only major complication was a stress fracture of the tibia in one boy. Conclusion Harvesting cortical bone graft from the tibia is simple and is fraught with negligible morbidity.
Chronic administration of Eucommia leaf stimulates metabolic function of rats across several organs
Authors: Fujikawa Takahiko , Hirata Tetsuya , Wada Atsunori , Kawamura Naomi , Yamaguchi Yasuyo , Fujimura Katsuyuki , Ueda Taro , Yurugi Yutaka , Soya Hideaki , Nishibe Sansei 
Published: August 2010

Eucommia bark (Eucommia ulmoidesOliver) has been used as an herbal medicine, and more recently, the plant's leaves have been widely used to prepare tea which may have anti-obesity properties. We used a metabolic syndrome-like rat model, produced by feeding a 35 % high-fat diet (HFD), to examine potential anti-obesity and anti-metabolic syndrome effects and mechanisms of chronic administration of Eucommia leaf as an extract or green leaf powder. Eighty rats were studied for 3 months in ten groups. Both forms of Eucommia leaves minimised increases in body weight and visceral fat in a dose-dependent fashion. Increases in plasma levels of TAG and NEFA, and insulin resistance secondary to HFD were lessened by both forms of Eucommia leaf. Concomitantly, an increase in plasma adiponectin levels and suppression of plasma resistin and TNF-α levels were confirmed. Real-time PCR studies showed that both forms of Eucommia leaf enhanced metabolic function across several organs, including diminishing ATP production (white adipose tissue), accelerating β-oxidation (liver) and increasing the use of ketone bodies/glucose (skeletal muscle), all of which may exert anti-obesity effects under HFD conditions. These findings suggest that chronic administration of either form of Eucommia leaves stimulates the metabolic function in rats across several organs. The anti-obesity and anti-metabolic syndrome activity in this rat model may be maintained through secretion and regulation of adipocytokines that depend on the accumulation of visceral fat to improve insulin resistance or hyperlipaemia.
Rate theories for biologists
Authors: Zhou Huan-Xiang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSome of the rate theories that are most useful for modeling biological processes are reviewed. By delving into some of the details and subtleties in the development of the theories, the review will hopefully help the reader gain a more than superficial perspective. Examples are presented to illustrate how rate theories can be used to generate insight at the microscopic level into biomolecular behaviors. An attempt is made to clear up a number of misconceptions in the literature regarding popular rate theories, including the appearance of Planck's constant in the transition-state theory and the Smoluchowski result as an upper limit for protein–protein and protein–DNA association rate constants. Future work in combining the implementation of rate theories through computer simulations with experimental probes of rate processes, and in modeling effects of intracellular environments so that theories can be used for generating rate constants for systems biology studies is particularly exciting.
The role of European welfare states in intergenerational money transfers: a micro-level perspective
Authors: SCHENK NIELS , DYKSTRA PEARL , MAAS INEKE 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis article uses a comprehensive theoretical framework to explain why parents send money to particular children, and examines whether intergenerational solidarity is shaped by spending on various welfare domains or provisions as a percentage of gross domestic product. The theoretical model at the level of parents and children distinguishes parental resources and children's needs as the factors most likely to influence intergenerational money transfers. Differences in state spending on various welfare domains are then used to hypothesise in which countries children with specific needs are most likely to receive a transfer. For parents we hypothesise in which countries parents with specific available resources are most likely to send a transfer. We use data from the first wave of the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to analyse the influence of welfare-state provisions on the likelihood of intergenerational transfers in ten European countries. The results indicate that, in line with our expectations, the likelihood of a transfer being made is the outcome of an intricate resolution of the resources (ability) of the parents and the needs of a child. Rather large differences between countries in money transfers were found. The results suggest that, at least with reference to cross-generational money transfers, no consistent differences by welfare state regime were found.
Factors associated with pneumococcal and influenza vaccination in hospitalized people aged ⩾65 years
Authors: SINTES X. , NEBOT M. , IZQUIERDO C. , RUIZ L. , DOMÍNGUEZ A. , BAYAS J. M. , VERA I. , CARRATALÀ J. , SOUSA D. ,   The Working Group for the Study of Prevention of CAP in the Elderly
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYSocioeconomic factors and the patterns of use of health services associated with influenza and pneumococcal vaccination were studied in people aged ⩾65 years admitted to three general hospitals in Spain between 2005 and 2007. The following data were collected: age, sex, risk of pneumonia, educational level, social class, type of household, physician visits, length of time with the same general practitioner, and influenza and pneumococcal vaccination (23vPPV). Associations between variables were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. In total, 1702 patients were included; 59·9% had received 23vPPV and 65·6% influenza vaccine. Older age (OR 1·04,P<0·001), living with a partner (OR 1·72,P=0·003) and influenza vaccination during the last year (OR 6·64,P<0·001) were associated with 23vPPV. Male sex (OR 1·44,P=0·005), older age (OR 1·02,P=0·009), moderate risk of pneumonia (OR 1·58,P=0·001), living with a partner (OR 1·52,P=0·015) and frequent physician visits during the last year (1–6 annuals visits (OR 2·65,P<0·001); >6 visits (OR 3·83,P<0·001)) were associated with influenza vaccination. Coordination between public health and primary-care services may be necessary to improve vaccine uptake.
On some new and disputed synonymy in British Collembola
Authors: Goto H. E. , Lawrence P. N. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisThe validity of 5 species of British Collembola is discussed. Two species of Hypogastrura, one species of Parafolsomia and one species of Bourletiella are regarded as synonyms. A species of Xenyllodes is transferred to the genus Schaefferia.
THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF MYOGLOBIN FROM THE MOLLUSC Aplysia limacina
Authors: Tentori L. , Vivaldi G. , Carta S. , Marinucci M. , Massa A. , Antonini E. , Brunori M. 
Published: August 2010

The amino acid sequence of the globin prepared from the myoglobin contained in the radular muscle of the gasteropod mollusc Aplysia limacina was determined.According to the results thus obtained, the polypeptide chain of Aplysia limacina myoglobin is composed of 145 amino acid residues, in good agreement with the overall number of amino acid residues contained in the polypeptide chain of the vertebrate myoglobins studied to date. A particularly interesting feature of the myoglobin studied appears to be the presence in its polypeptide chain of only one histidine which occupies the 95th position.
THERMAL TRANSITIONS OF ACYLATED RIBONUCLEASE
Authors: Leach S. J. , Boyd Helen 
Published: August 2010

The amino groups of ribonuclease have been specifically acylated using five N‐acyl‐succinimides in which the RCO‐moieties varied in hydrocarbon chain length. The effects of these groups on the optical rotatory dispersion, circular dichroism, enzymic activity and stability to thermal denaturation have been determined. Thermal transitions, measured by changes in specific rotation at 365 nm, obeyed the criteria for a two‐state process both before and after the acylation treatments. The transitions were fully reversible under the conditions of measurement and the observed standard enthalpies were constant over at least 80% of the transitions. The effect of acetylation was to decrease the transition temperature by 7°. Longer hydrocarbon chains decreased this further but only by a fraction of a degree per extra ‐CH2‐ group.The calculation of thermodynamic quantities is limited by the precision with which enthalpies can be measured but indicates that the standard free energy for the transition process decreases by about 270 cal per acetyl group and a further 20 cal per additional ‐CH2‐ group. The major source of destabilisation on acetylation appears to be the introduction of eleven hydrophobic CH3 groups per protein molecule rather than the increase in net negative charge. The thermodynamic data permit inferences to be drawn about changes in the nature of the side chain environment on thermal denaturation.
A PANCREATIC RIBONUCLEASE ACTIVE AT pH 4.5
Authors: Batholeyns Jacques , Moore Stanford , Stein William H. 
Published: August 2010

When a homogenate of beef pancreas prepared at neutral pH is assayed for RNase activities at pH 4.5 and at pH 7.5, the specific activity at the acid pH is more than half that at neutral pH. Yet the procedures normally employed for the isolation of the well‐characterized RNase A from the pancreas yield an enzyme that is almost devoid of activity at pH 4.5. Experiments designed to isolate from the pancreas the protein responsible for the RNase activity at acid pH have utilized chromatography and gel filtration under conditions that avoid both the strong acidification and the heat which are common features of the methods for the preparation of RNase A. The purified protein active at pH 4.5 (yield, 10 mg per 100 g of tissue) is also active at pH 7.5. The protein is labile to both strong acid and high temperature and it is this sensitivity that has contributed to its being overlooked during the decades when RNase A has been so thoroughly studied.Acid or heat treatment converts the enzyme active at pH 4.5 to a protein which is currently indistinguishable from RNase A, with as yet no detectable change in amino acid composition. Further research is required to define the small but significant chemical or physical changes which accompany this transformation.
BINDING OF PYRIDOXAL 5‘‐PHOSPHATE TO BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN AND ALBUMIN FRAGMENTS OBTAINED AFTER PROTEOLYTIC HYDROLYSIS. LOCALIZATION AND NATURE OF THE PRIMARY PLP BINDING SITE
Authors: Hilak Michel C. , Harmsen Ben J. M. , Joordens Jos J. M. , van Os. Gerard A. J. 
Published: August 2010

The binding of pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP) to bovine serum albumin (BSA), and to large BSA fragments obtained after proteolytic hydrolysis, was investigated in order to study the structure of these fragments in relation to the albumin structure itself, and to get information about the PLP binding sites on albumin.From absorbance and circular dichroism spectra, combined with peptide mapping of the tryptic digests of the reduced PLP‐protein complexes, it could be concluded that the primary binding site is localized within the NH2‐terminal part of the albumin molecule. The COOH‐terminal part contains one or more secondary sites. It appeared that in albumin and in the largest NH2‐terminal fragment, the environment of the primary binding site is rather apolar in character. However, in the smallest NH2‐terminal fragment this site is more exposed to the solvent. This suggests that the part of the peptide chain which is not common in both fragments has a stabilizing effect on the structure around the primary binding site.
KINETIC AND CONFORMATIONAL STUDIES ON SOME PARTIALLY SYNTHETIC RIBONUCLEASE S‘ ANALOGUES MODIFIED IN POSITION 8*
Authors: Borin Gianfranco , Filippi Bruno , Moroder Luis , Santoni Cesare , Marchiori Fernando 
Published: August 2010

Syntheses are described of two S‐peptide analogues where the arginyl residue in position 10 has been replaced by ornithine and the phenylalanine in position 8 has been substituted by the unnatural amino acids cyclohexylalanine or p‐fluorophenylalanine.In order to regenerate the arginyl residue, which is present in position 10 in the natural sequence, the S‐peptide analogues belonging to the [Orn10]‐series are transformed into the corresponding guanidinated derivatives by treatment with O‐methylisourea. 1∈, 7∈, 10δ triguan‐[Cha8, Orn10]‐, 1∈, 7∈, 10δ‐triguan‐[pF‐Phe8, Orn10]‐ and 1∈, 7∈, 10δ‐triguan‐[Tyr8, Orn10]‐S‐peptides were prepared.The ability to bind to and activate the S‐protein of the synthetic S‐peptide analogues, before and after guanidination, was tested by exploring their capacity to generate ribonuclease activity using RNA and C > p as substrates.The affinity of the different peptides for the S‐protein in the absence of substrate was evaluated by difference spectroscopy.