bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Comparison of Premature Ejaculation Assessment Questionnaires and Their Sensitivity for the Four Premature Ejaculation Syndromes: Results from the Turkish Society of Andrology Sexual Health Survey
Authors: Serefoglu Ege C. , Yaman Onder , Cayan Selahittin , Asci Ramazan , Orhan Irfan , Usta Mustafa F. , Ekmekcioglu Oguz , Kendirci Muammer , Semerci Bulent , Kadioglu Ates 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In addition to the previously defined “lifelong” and “acquired” premature ejaculation (PE), the existence of two more subtypes of PE, namely “natural variable PE” and “premature-like ejaculatory dysfunction,” has been proposed.

Aims
To evaluate the diagnostic value of the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) and Arabic Index of Premature Ejaculation (AIPE) in a population-based study, in relation to their sensitivity across these four different PE syndromes and to assess the Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP) scores of patients with lifelong, acquired, natural variable PE and premature-like ejaculatory dysfunction.

Methods
Between June 2009 and December 2009, couples were randomly selected from 17 provinces of Turkey. Subjects with the complaint of ejaculating prematurely were classified as lifelong, acquired, natural variable PE, and premature-like ejaculatory dysfunction according to the medical and sexual history they described. PE status was also assessed with PEDT, AIPE and PEP. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated for PEDT and AIPE in the study population whereas detection rates of these two questionnaires were also compared among the four PE syndromes. Moreover, PEP scores of patients with lifelong, acquired, natural variable PE and premature-like ejaculatory dysfunction were compared. Significance level was considered as P &lt; 0.05.

Main Outcome Measures
Scores obtained from PEDT, AIPE, and PEP questionnaires.

Results
A total of 2,593 couples were enrolled where 512 (20.0%) male subjects reported PE. PEDT, AIPE, and PEP measures of the PE patients indicated worse sexual function (P &lt; 0.001 each). Mean scores obtained from questionnaires were significantly better in patients with premature-like ejaculatory dysfunction and they were the worst in patients with acquired PE (P &lt; 0.001 each). The sensitivity values of PEDT and AIPE were 89.3 and 89.5, whereas their specificity values were 50.5 and 39.1, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in detection rates of PEDT and AIPE among the four PE syndromes (P = 0.006 and P &lt; 0.001). They were higher in acquired and lifelong PE and lower in premature-like ejaculatory dysfunction.

Conclusions
PEDT and AIPE can diagnose PE with high sensitivity, especially in patients with lifelong and acquired PE. The complaint of patients with acquired PE seems to be more severe than those complaining of lifelong, natural variable PE and premature-like ejaculatory dysfunction patients.
Chronic Paroxetine Treatment Does Not Affect Sexual Behavior in Hormonally Sub-Primed Female Rats Despite 5-HT1A Receptor Desensitization
Authors: Snoeren Eelke M.S. , Refsgaard Louise K. , Waldinger Marcel D. , Olivier Berend , Oosting Ronald S. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) cause sexual dysfunctions in humans. However, because SSRIs are used to treat depression, it is unclear whether the problems are caused by the drug, by the depression itself, or an interaction between both.

Aim
The present study investigated the effects of chronic paroxetine treatment on sexual behavior in female rats. Furthermore, we tested whether 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)1A receptors were desensitized in these females.

Methods
Ovariectomized female rats, either sub-primed with estradiol or fully primed with estradiol and progesterone, were tested in a paced mating test. Proceptive (darting and hopping), receptive (lordosis), and paced mating-related (percentages of exits and contact-return latencies) behaviors were quantified during the course of 56 days of chronic paroxetine treatment (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg per day). The 5-HT1A/5-HT7 receptor agonist (±)-8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin hydrobromide ((±)8-OH-DPAT) alone and in combination with the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 was administered to study putative 5-HT1A desensitization in the same females.

Main Outcome Measures
Proceptive, receptive, and paced mating behaviors were quantified.

Results
Acute and chronic paroxetine treatment did not change proceptive and receptive behaviors in both sub-primed and fully primed female rats. In all groups, (±)8-OH-DPAT showed a clear dose-dependent inhibition of sexual behaviors in vehicle-treated females and a right-shifted dose–response effect in the paroxetine-treated rats. WAY-100635 attenuated the inhibiting effect of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist in all females. These data suggest 5-HT1A receptor desensitization after chronic paroxetine treatment.

Conclusions
Chronic paroxetine treatment does not cause sexual side effects in sub- or fully hormonally primed female rats. Furthermore, chronic treatment causes adaptive changes in the serotonin system such as desensitization of 5-HT1A receptors, which may counteract the inhibiting effects of increased extracellular serotonin levels in the chronic paroxetine-treated rats.
Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection is Related to Poor Sexual Quality of Life in Young Sexually Active Women
Authors: Cai Tommaso , Mondaini Nicola , Migno Serena , Meacci Francesca , Boddi Vieri , Gontero Paolo , Malossini Gianni , Geppetti Pierangelo , Mazzoli Sandra , Bartoletti Riccardo 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) genital infection has been related to several diseases in young sexually active women. It could be related to their sexual quality of life.

Aim
To assess whether genital Ct infection can induce sexual function alterations in women.

Methods
Nine hundred ninety-eight women (mean age 29.4, range 18–43) attending our Sexually Transmitted Disease Centre were enrolled in this observational case-control study. All participants were clinically and microbiologically investigated due to their sexual relationships with a subject affected by chronic bacterial prostatitis. All participants underwent microbiological cultures, DNA and antibodies evaluation for common bacteria and Ct on vaginal swab and urine samples. They completed the Female Sexual Function Index [FSFI] questionnaire. On the basis of microbiological investigation results, all patients were split into three groups: Group A—genital Ct infection, Group B—genital common bacteria/yeast infection, and Group C—negative for Ct and bacteria/yeast infection.

Main Outcome Measures
FSFI questionnaire.

Results
Two hundred ninety-one women were classified in Group A, 276 in Group B, and 431 in Group C. Group A patients were statistically, significantly different from Group B and Group C patients in terms of pain during sexual intercourse and sexual satisfaction. Group C patients had significantly higher FSFI scores (27.1 ± 1.3) (P &lt; 0.001) for both desire (4.9 ± 1.0) and lubrication domain (3.8 ± 1.1) (P &lt; 0.001, P &lt; 0.003, respectively) when compared with Group A patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that negative Ct infection marker in female patients must be considered as an independent prognostic factor in predicting a subsequent optimal FSFI questionnaire score (P = 0.002).

Conclusions
Positive values of Ct infection markers are associated with lower FSFI scores for sexual desire, lubrication, and overall sexual function. Genital Ct infection could induce pain during sexual intercourse, reducing sexual satisfaction and sexual quality of life in young sexually active women.
Sildenafil Promotes Smooth Muscle Preservation and Ameliorates Fibrosis Through Modulation of Extracellular Matrix and Tissue Growth Factor Gene Expression After Bilateral Cavernosal Nerve Resection in the Rat
Authors: Sirad Fara , Hlaing Su , Kovanecz Istvan , Artaza Jorge N. , Garcia Leah A. , Rajfer Jacob , Ferrini Monica G. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
It has been shown that phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors preserve smooth muscle (SM) content and ameliorate the fibrotic degeneration normally seen in the corpora cavernosa after bilateral cavernosal nerve resection (BCNR). However, the downstream mechanisms by which these drugs protect the corpora cavernosa remain poorly understood.

Aim
To provide insight into the mechanism, we aimed to determine the gene expression profile of angiogenesis-related pathways within the penile tissue after BCNR with or without continuous sildenafil (SIL) treatment.

Methods
Five-month-old Fisher rats were subjected to BCNR or sham operation and treated with or without SIL (20 mg/kg/BW drinking water) for 3 days or 45 days (N = 8 rats per group). Total RNAs isolated from the denuded penile shaft and prostate were subjected to reverse transcription and to angiogenesis real-time-polymerase chain reaction arrays (84 genes). Changes in protein expression of selected genes such as epiregulin (EREG) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were corroborated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.

Main Outcomes Measures
Genes modulated by BCNR and SIL treatment.

Results
A decreased expression of genes related to SM growth factors such as EREG, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), extracellular matrix regulators such as metalloproteinases 3 and 9, endothelial growth factors, together with an upregulation of pro-fibrotic genes such as CTGF and transforming growth factor beta 2 were found at both time points after BCNR. SIL treatment reversed this process by upregulating endothelial and SM growth factors and downregulating pro-fibrotic factors. SIL did not affect the expression of EREG, VEGF, and PDGF in the ventral prostate of BCNR animals

Conclusions
SIL treatment after BCNR activates genes related to SM preservation and downregulates genes related to fibrosis in the corpora cavernosa. These results provide a mechanistic justification for the use of SIL and other PDE5 inhibitors as protective therapy against corporal SM loss and fibrosis after radical prostatectomy.
The Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) Study
Authors: Benavente Oscar R. , White Carole L. , Pearce Lesly , Pergola Pablo , Roldan Ana , Benavente Marie-France , Coffey Christopher , McClure Leslie A. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Conwit Robin , Heberling Patricia A. , Howard George , Bazan Carlos , Vidal-Pergola Gabriela , Talbert Robert , Hart Robert G. ,   for the SPS3 Investigators
Published: January 2011

Background Small subcortical strokes, also known as lacunar strokes, comprise more than 25% of brain infarcts, and the underlying vasculopathy is the most common cause of vascular cognitive impairment. How to optimally prevent stroke recurrence and cognitive decline in S3 patients is unclear. The aim of the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes study (Trial registration: NCT00059306) is to define strategies for reducing stroke recurrence, cognitive decline, and major vascular events. Methods Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes is a randomised, multicentre clinical trial ( n=3000) being conducted in seven countries, and sponsored by the US NINDS/NIH. Patients with symptomatic small subcortical strokes in the six-months before and an eligible lesion on magnetic resonance imaging are simultaneously randomised, in a 2 × 2 factorial design, to antiplatelet therapy – 325 mg aspirin daily plus 75 mg clopidogrel daily, vs. 325 mg aspirin daily plus placebo, double-blind – and to one of two levels of systolic blood pressure targets –‘intensive’ (<130 mmHg) vs. ‘usual’ (130–149 mmHg). Participants are followed for an average of four-years. Time to recurrent stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic) is the primary outcome and will be analysed separately for each intervention. The secondary outcomes are the rate of cognitive decline and major vascular events. The primary and most secondary outcomes are adjudicated centrally by those unaware of treatment assignment. Conclusions Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes will address several important clinical and scientific questions by testing two interventions in patients with recent magnetic resonance imaging-defined lacunar infarcts, which are likely due to small vessel disease. The results will inform the management of millions of patients with this common vascular disorder.
Risk factors that predict the requirement of aggressive therapy among Chinese patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: YANG Chuan Hua , DING Juan , GAO Yan , CHEN Xiang , YANG Zhao Bin , XIAO Shu Dong 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVES:  Crohn's disease is now increasingly considered as a disabling disease. Conventionally, the disease is managed by step‐up therapy. In recent years, the top‐down strategy has been proposed and is thought to benefit the patients in whom the condition is likely to rapidly deteriorate toward disabling. However, this strategy has severe adverse effects which have to be weighed against its benefits. The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors that can predict the requirement of top‐down therapy among Chinese patients.METHODS:  We included 207 Chinese patients who had histories of Crohn's disease for ≥5 years, or those who had Crohn's disease for <5 years and at least one criterion of disabling disease. The risk factors related to the 5‐year disabling course and the 2‐year disabling course of Crohn's disease were separately analyzed in the same cohort by logistic regression.RESULTS:  Among the 207 patients, the rate of disabling disease was 80.19% for 5‐year, and 71.01% for 2‐year. The risk factors of age <40 years at diagnosis, steroids requirement for treating acute exacerbation, and presence of perianal disease at diagnosis were significantly associated with a 5‐year disabling course. In the same cohort, the risk factors related to 2‐year disabling course were likewise steroids requirement for treating acute exacerbation and presence of perianal disease at diagnosis.CONCLUSION:  The risk factors associated with disabling Crohn's disease, which entails the requirement of top‐down therapy in Chinese patients, are requirement of steroids for treating acute exacerbation and the presence of perianal disease at diagnosis.
Relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome
Authors: CHEN Shao Hua , HE Fan , ZHOU Hua Li , WU Hong Ru , XIA Chen , LI You Ming 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE:  The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in subjects who underwent a routine health checkup. We intended to establish a clinical association between NAFLD and MS as well as to compare the diagnostic criteria of MS based on the definitions set forth by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (2001) (NCEP/ATP‐III) and the Metabolic Syndrome Study Group of Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS).METHODS:  Weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, percentage of body fat, blood pressure and ultrasound of liver were performed on subjects undergoing routine health checkup. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose level were measured.RESULTS:  A total of 2394 subjects were included in this analysis and 437 had NAFLD. The prevalence of MS in the whole sample according to IDF, NCEP/ATP‐III and CDS definitions was 11.11%, 8.48% and 5.30%, respectively. The total degree of agreement between IDF, NCEP/ATP‐III and CDS definition was 87.76%. The prevalence of MS in NAFLD subjects is much higher than that in non‐NAFLD subjects. The prevalence of NAFLD in MS subjects is also much higher than that in non‐MS subjects.CONCLUSION:  The prevalence of MS varied depending on the diagnostic criteria used. NAFLD was strongly associated with the MS, although it remains unknown whether NAFLD is a cause or effect of MS.
Serum DJ‐1 as a diagnostic marker and prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer
Authors: HE Xiang Yi , LIU Bing Ya , YAO Wei Yan , ZHAO Xiao Jiao , ZHENG Zhong , LI Jian Fang , YU Bei Qin , YUAN Yao Zong 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE:  DJ‐1 is an oncoprotein secreted by cancer cells. Therefore, it might be a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer (PC).METHODS:  The study involved 47 patients with PC, 43 with chronic pancreatitis, and 40 healthy subjects. We assayed the serum level of DJ‐1 and the conventional tumor marker carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA 19‐9) to define the diagnostic and prognostic value of DJ‐1 for PC.RESULTS:  Serum DJ‐1 level was elevated in patients with PC compared with those with chronic pancreatitis and healthy individuals. The area under the curve (AUC) of serum DJ‐1 was higher than CA 19‐9 (DJ‐1 vs. CA19‐9, 0.8735 ± 0.0356 vs. 0.6647 ± 0.0572 ng/mL), and an 87.5% sensitivity was reached with a combination of serum DJ‐1 and CA19‐9. No association of serum DJ‐1 level with tumor node metastasis (TNM) classification or tumor resectability was found. However, after resection, the median serum DJ‐1 level was decreased from 2.00 to 0.78 ng/mL. In addition, higher serum DJ‐1 was correlated with shorter overall survival as analyzed by both Kaplan–Meier test (P = 0.018) and COX regression analysis (P = 0.013). The median overall survival time of PC patients with serum DJ‐1 level greater than or equal to 2.06 ng/mL was 7.00 ± 1.11 months, whereas that of patients with lower DJ‐1 levels was 13.0 ± 2.5 months.CONCLUSIONS:  These findings indicate the potential clinical significance for serum DJ‐1 level to be used for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of patients with PC.
Haemoglobin (Hb) G‐Philadelphia, Hb Stanleyville‐II, Hb G‐Norfolk, Hb Matsue‐Oki and Hb Mizushi can form a panel of α‐chain variants that overlap in their phenotype: the novel use of StyI to screen for Hb G‐Philadelphia
Authors: KHALIL M. S. M. , TIMBS A. , HENDERSON S. , SCHUH A. , HUSSEIN M. R. A. , OLD J. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryIntroduction:  Haemoglobin (Hb) G‐Philadelphia mutation is a common alpha‐globin chain variant [α68(E17)Asn > Lys]. Combined high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and isoelectric focusing (IEF) can be used in a presumptive diagnosis of Hb G‐Philadelphia, but there are other α‐chain variants with a similar phenotype that cannot be excluded. Our aim was to develop a novel StyI restriction enzyme assay to diagnose the common Hb G‐Philadelphia mutation and to identify any other variants with a similar phenotype by DNA sequencing.Methods:  Thirty‐one cases given a presumptive diagnosis as Hb G‐Philadelphia by HPLC and IEF were subjected to DNA analysis by restriction enzyme digestion using StyI. Negative cases were then subjected to DNA sequencing.Results:  Twenty‐two cases (78.6%) of 28 cases amplified were tested positive for Hb G‐Philadelphia by StyI restriction digestion. Sequencing of the six negative cases revealed two cases of Hb G‐Philadelphia with C→A mutation in codon 68 in α2 globin gene, plus one case each of Hb G‐Norfolk Hb Stanleyville‐II, Hb Matsue‐Oki and Hb Mizushi.Conclusion:  A novel StyI restriction enzyme can be used to confirm the commonest type of Hb G‐Philadelphia. DNA sequencing identified four other α‐chain variants with a similar HPLC and IEF phenotype.
Three novel alternative splicing mutations in BCR‐ABL1 detected in CML patients with resistance to kinase inhibitors
Authors: MA W. , GILES F. , ZHANG X. , WANG X. , ZHANG Z. , LEE T.‐S. , YEH C.‐H. , ALBITAR M. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryIntroduction:  Multiple types of mutations in the BCR‐ABL1 kinase domain have been reported. We previously reported a common alternatively spliced BCR‐ABL mRNA with a 35‐nucleotide insertion (35INS). We report three novel alternative splicing mutants expressed as the dominant transcripts in patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia and resistance to kinase inhibitors.Methods:  We screened RNA from more than 200 patients with resistance to more than one of the three kinase inhibitors for ABL1 kinase domain mutations by direct sequencing.Results:  We found three not previously described splice mutants. All three showed >90% mutant transcript. The first resulted from the insertion of 79 nucleotides into the ABL1 exon 8–9 junction. The inserted sequence contained a sequence from regions of intron 8, located 120 bp apart: the 35‐nucleotide sequence previously described, and an additional 44‐nucleotide segment downstream from 35INS. The combined 79‐nucleotide insertion splice mutant showed the same protein change as 35INS (p C475YfsX11). The second splice mutation comprised an 84‐nucleotide sequence from intron 7 inserted into the ABL1 exon7–8 junction, also causing a frameshift and protein truncation (p A424EfsX18). The third splice derived from a 231‐nucleotide sequence from intron 4 retained in the ABL1 exon 4–5 junction adding 40 intron‐encoded amino acids and leading to a frameshift and early termination (p E275LfsX41).Conclusion:  These findings, when combined with the data on 35INS, support the concept that loss of the C‐terminus of BCR‐ABL1 is associated with significant resistance to kinase inhibitors; this mechanism appears to be a major source of resistance to kinase inhibitors.
Hyperkalemia Associated with Use of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Authors: Raebel Marsha A. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThe aims of this article are to review the current understanding of hyperkalemia associated with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy. This includes reviewing the pathophysiology of how these agents affect potassium handling within the kidney, risk factors for developing hyperkalemia, incidence, clinical signs and symptoms, and providing a practical approach to treatment of the patient who is either at risk of, or experiencing, hyperkalemia. ACEi and ARB are effective therapeutic agents used in a variety of clinical scenarios. However, related to their effects on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, their use can be associated with hyperkalemia, particularly in patients who have chronic renal insufficiency. Published incidence estimates of hyperkalemia associated with ACEi or ARB vary, but up to 10% of patients may experience at least mild hyperkalemia. Important considerations when initiating ACEi or ARB therapy include obtaining an estimate of glomerular filtration rate and a baseline serum potassium concentration, as well as assessing whether the patient has excessive potassium intake from diet, supplements, or drugs that can also increase serum potassium. Serum potassium monitoring shortly after initiation of therapy can assist in preventing hyperkalemia. If hyperkalemia does develop, prompt recognition of cardiac dysrhythmias and effective treatment to antagonize the cardiac effects of potassium, redistribute potassium into cells, and remove excess potassium from the body is important.Understanding the mechanism of action of ACEi and ARB coupled with judicious drug use and clinical vigilance can minimize the risk to the patient of developing hyperkalemia. Should hyperkalemia occur, prompt recognition and management can optimize clinical outcome.
Every session counts: The differential impact of previous programmes and current programme dosage on offender recidivism
Authors: Kroner Daryl G. , Takahashi Masaru 
Published: January 2011

Purpose. The present study examined the impact of current treatment dosage on recidivism among offenders.Methods. Using a sample of dropouts from a community treatment programme, current treatment dosage and past completed programmes were used to predict criminal recidivism.Results. After statistically controlling for risk levels, only current dosage was predictive of recidivism.Conclusions. Offenders’ current direction, indicated by current dosage, is central to reducing recidivism. Strategies for offenders completing treatment sessions are discussed.