bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between symptomatic status and aneurysm wall enhancement characteristics of single unruptured intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Chen Zi , Zhang Wei , Li Fang-li , Lu Wen-biao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to analyze the aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) characteristics of a single unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) and observe the relationship between the symptoms of a single UIA and the aneurysm wall.

Methods
In our hospital, 85 patients diagnosed with a single UIA using computed tomography angiography (CTA) were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups, including 46 asymptomatic and 39 symptomatic aneurysms. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the vascular wall (HR-MR-VWI) was utilized to ascertain the presence, degree, and extent of AWE and thick-wall enhancement. In addition to AWE characteristics, morphological parameters of aneurysms, such as maximal size, shape, height, neck width, aspect ratio (AR), and size ratio (SR), were scanned using CTA. The differences in the parameters of a single UIA between the two groups were compared. An investigation explored the correlation between the symptom status of a single UIA and AWE.

Results
We observed a correlation between symptom status and maximal size, height, and neck width for a single UIA, the presence or absence of AWE, and the levels and boundaries of AWE and thick-wall reinforcement. This study found that the AWE range was independently correlated with symptom status in the multivariate regression analysis.

Conclusion
A larger AWE range was an independent risk factor for the onset of symptoms in a single UIA.
The effect of weld heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of wire arc additively manufactured 15-5PH stainless steel
Authors: Sword J Iain , Galloway Alexander , Toumpis Athanasios 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrecipitation hardening (PH) stainless steels, such as 15-5PH, have a high strength combined with excellent corrosion resistance. These properties make them valuable in critical industries such as defence, construction, aerospace, energy and maritime. Recent advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) technology enable the rapid and cost-effective production of components. In the case of 15-5PH components manufactured using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), the as-deposited mechanical properties are not suitable at present for industrial applications. This paper explores the mechanical properties of this process and alloy combination without post weld heat treatment with the aim of eventual adoption in this condition by industry. The impact of weld heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel 15-5PH produced using WAAM was investigated. The microstructure was examined using hardness testing in addition to optical and electron microscopy. Furthermore, mechanical properties were measured with tensile and impact testing. Investigations were conducted on material produced using weld heat inputs of 0.223 kJ/mm and 0.565 kJ/mm. These results indicate that reducing the weld heat input leads to a minor decrease in strength but an 80% increase in impact toughness. This reduction in weld heat input is correlated with a 50% reduction in volume fraction of δ-ferrite while also noting a 55% increase in carbide precipitates. In addition, the fracture surfaces were predominantly cleavage or quasi-cleavage in morphology.
Relationship of Aortopulmonary Collaterals and Pulmonary Artery Development During Staged Single Ventricle Reconstruction
Authors: Staehler Helena , Schaeffer Thibault , Georgiev Stanimir , Schmiel Melvin , Stern Christoph , Di Padua Chiara , Piber Nicole , Hager Alfred , Ewert Peter , Hörer Jürgen , Ono Masamichi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To evaluate the relationship of aortopulmonary collaterals and the development of central pulmonary arteries during staged palliation. A total of 287 patients, who underwent staged palliation with bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt and total cavopulmonary connection between 2008 and 2019, had available angiography. Pulmonary artery index was calculated using pulmonary angiography as described by Nakata and colleagues. Aortopulmonary collaterals were observed in 47 (16%) patients at stage II palliation, in 131 (46%) at total cavopulmonary connection, and afterwards in 49 (7%). The interventional closure of aortopulmonary collaterals was performed before stage II in 12 (4%) patients, before Fontan completion in 38 (13%), and afterwards in 39 (14%). Presence of aortopulmonary collaterals before stage II was not associated with the pulmonary artery index (129 vs. 150 mm2/m2, p = 0.176) at stage II. In contrast, aortopulmonary collaterals before the Fontan completion were associated with lower pulmonary artery index (154 vs. 172 mm2/m2, p = 0.005), and right pulmonary artery index (99 vs. 106 mm2/m2, p = 0.006). Patients who underwent interventional closure of aortopulmonary collaterals before total cavopulmonary connection had lower pulmonary artery index (141 vs. 169 mm2/m2, p < 0.001), lower right pulmonary artery index (93 vs. 106 mm2/m2, p = 0.007), and left pulmonary artery index (54 vs. 60 mm2/m2, p = 0.013) at Fontan completion. The presence of aortopulmonary collaterals did not influence pulmonary artery size by the time of stage II. However, presence of aortopulmonary collaterals was associated with under-developed pulmonary arteries at Fontan completion, especially in patients who needed interventional closure of aortopulmonary collaterals.
The influence of varying Cu doping concentrations on the microstructure, phase evolution and surface wettability of ceramic glazes modified with nano Cu-ZnO
Authors: Acikbas Gokhan , Calis Acikbas Nurcan , Ubay Elif , Karaer Huseyin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study intended to develop nano Cu-doped nano ZnO-modified ceramic glazes. In this scope, nano-sized ZnO and nano Cu powders were incorporated into a commercial glaze composition and then the modified glaze was applied to the surface using the spraying method. The glazed tiles were sintered in a laboratory furnace at 1210oC for 10 min. The surfaces of the sintered samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. X-Ray diffractometer, surface profilometer and contact angle goniometer. The study examined the influence of varying levels of Cu doping on the microstructural evolution and formation of phases, surface roughness, as well as the contact angle. Additionally, wettability conversion experiments were conducted under UV light. As a result, the addition of Cu increased the presence of Willemite crystals and also increasing the quantity and size of Plagioclase crystals. The contact angle of the sintered commercial glaze coated surface was measured to be 51.8o. However, when nano ZnO was added, the contact angle reduced to 44.4o. Likewise, the contact angle of the Cu doped nano ZnO coated surfaces decreased even further to approximately 33o. The inclusion of nano ZnO in commercial glaze resulted in a decrease in the Ra value, while doping Cu led to a modest increase in the Ra value. UV irradiation resulted in a reduction in the contact angles of all surfaces.
Computational imaging with randomness
Authors: Horisaki Ryoichi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractImaging is a longstanding research topic in optics and photonics and is an important tool for a wide range of scientific and engineering fields. Computational imaging is a powerful framework for designing innovative imaging systems by incorporating signal processing into optics. Conventional approaches involve individually designed optical and signal processing systems, which unnecessarily increased costs. Computational imaging, on the other hand, enhances the imaging performance of optical systems, visualizes invisible targets, and minimizes optical hardware. Digital holography and computer-generated holography are the roots of this field. Recent advances in information science, such as deep learning, and increasing computational power have rapidly driven computational imaging and have resulted in the reinvention these imaging technologies. In this paper, I survey recent research topics in computational imaging, where optical randomness is key. Imaging through scattering media, non-interferometric quantitative phase imaging, and real-time computer-generated holography are representative examples. These recent optical sensing and control technologies will serve as the foundations of next-generation imaging systems in various fields, such as biomedicine, security, and astronomy.
Integration of the expanded disability status scale with ambulation, visual and cognitive tests
Authors: Sarnataro Alessio , Cuomo Nunzia , Russo Cinzia Valeria , Carotenuto Antonio , Lanzillo Roberta , Moccia Marcello , Petracca Maria , Morra Vincenzo Brescia , Saccà Francesco 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is usually calculated through a neurological examination with self-reported performance. This may lead to incorrect assessment of Functional System scores (FSs). Aim of our study was to estimate the difference between EDSS obtained during routine visits, or after specific tests.

Methods
We enrolled 670 MS patients that underwent a regular neurology consultation, and visual evaluation using optotype tables, ambulation evaluation with a rodometer, and cognitive assessment with the Brief International Cognitive assessment for MS (BICAMS). We calculated a new integrated EDSS (iEDSS) using the refined values of the FS and compared it to the standard EDSS.

Results
Visual, cerebral and ambulation FSs were significantly higher compared with the self-reported counterpart [+ 1.169 (95%CI 1.077, 1.262; p < 0.001), + 0.727 (95%CI 0.653, 0.801; p < 0.001) and + 0.822 (95%CI 0.705, 0.939; p < 0.001), respectively]. Mean iEDSS was higher than EDSS (+ 0.642; p < 0.001). Visual acuity tests worsened the EDSS in 31% of cases, cognitive tests in 10%, ambulation measurement in 35%, all three measurements in 59% of cases.

Conclusions
Objective measurement of FSs results in a more accurate EDSS score in almost two-thirds of cases. This could lead to a more thorough evaluation of patients in the transition or progressive phase.
Critical Gaps in Assisted Outpatient Treatment Research in the United States
Authors: Hancq Elizabeth Sinclair , Munetz Mark , Silver Shanti C. , Parker Hope A. , Bonfine Natalie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn 2023, the White House included the implementation and improvement of assisted outpatient treatment in a list of under-researched strategies to support recovery and long-term treatment engagement for people with serious mental illness. Assisted outpatient treatment is a community-based, court-ordered, mental health treatment program for a subset of individuals with serious mental illness who have a history of difficulty adhering to treatment and staying well while living in the community. There is research supporting the use of assisted outpatient treatment for this specific population, however, the majority focuses on limited geographic regions, specific program organizations, and is outdated. Meanwhile, assisted outpatient treatment programs have increasingly been adopted by counties and states across the country. More research is needed to ensure that assisted outpatient treatment programs are being implemented in the most effective and equitable way possible. In this paper, the authors identify several key gaps in the current literature base relating to the effectiveness and implementation of assisted outpatient treatment.
Local Similarity Theory as the Invariant Solution of the Governing Equations
Authors: Wacławczyk Marta , Yano Jun-Ichi , Florczyk Grzegorz M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe present paper shows that local similarity theories, proposed for the strongly-stratified boundary layers, can be derived as invariant solutions defined under the Lie-group theory. A system truncated to the mean momentum and buoyancy equations is considered for this purpose. The study further suggests how similarity functions for the mean profiles are determined from the vertical fluxes, with a potential dependence on a measure of the anisotropy of the system. A time scale that is likely to characterize the transiency of a system is also identified as a non-dimensionalization factor.
Investigating the impact of technology-supported 3E learning model in disaster education
Authors: Arıkan Alaattin , Bilen Mert , Aladağ Elif 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research aimed to investigate the effect of a technology-supported 3E learning model on middle school students’ knowledge of disasters and their attitudes towards disaster preparedness. To this end, it used an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. Quantitative and qualitative data were used to describe how the technology-supported 3E learning model changes the learning environment. A pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design was used in the quantitative part of the research, and a case study was used in the qualitative part. The experimental procedure lasted for six weeks. The sample consisted of 33 fifth-grade students attending a public school. The Disaster Preparedness Attitude Scale, an achievement test, and an interview form were used as data collection tools. The analysis results showed that the experimental group achieved statistically significantly higher scores in the posttest and the retention test of the Disaster Preparedness Attitude Scale, and the achievement test compared to the control group. Additionally, according to student views, the technology-supported 3E learning model is more helpful in acquiring skills and values, provides the opportunity to learn by experiencing, increases students’ motivation, and facilitates effective disaster education. These results indicate that conducting activities on a subject that concerns the whole society, such as disasters, using advancing and innovative technological devices, preparing lesson plans, and demonstrating their effectiveness in education will make a significant contribution to the literature.
Deciphering the physical meaning of Gibbs’s maximum work equation
Authors: Hanlon Robert T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractJ. Willard Gibbs derived the following equation to quantify the maximum work possible for a chemical reaction$${\text{Maximum work }} = \, - \Delta {\text{G}}_{{{\text{rxn}}}} = \, - \left( {\Delta {\text{H}}_{{{\text{rxn}}}} {-}{\text{ T}}\Delta {\text{S}}_{{{\text{rxn}}}} } \right) {\text{ constant T}},{\text{P}}$$

Maximum work

=

-
Δ

G
rxn

=

-

Δ

H
rxn

-

T

Δ

S
rxn

constant T

,
P

∆Hrxn is the enthalpy change of reaction as measured in a reaction calorimeter and ∆Grxn the change in Gibbs energy as measured, if feasible, in an electrochemical cell by the voltage across the two half-cells. To Gibbs, reaction spontaneity corresponds to negative values of ∆Grxn. But what is T∆Srxn, absolute temperature times the change in entropy? Gibbs stated that this term quantifies the heating/cooling required to maintain constant temperature in an electrochemical cell. Seeking a deeper explanation than this, one involving the behaviors of atoms and molecules that cause these thermodynamic phenomena, I employed an “atoms first” approach to decipher the physical underpinning of T∆Srxn and, in so doing, developed the hypothesis that this term quantifies the change in “structural energy” of the system during a chemical reaction. This hypothesis now challenges me to similarly explain the physical underpinning of the Gibbs–Helmholtz equation$${\text{d}}\left( {\Delta {\text{G}}_{{{\text{rxn}}}} } \right)/{\text{dT}} = - \Delta {\text{S}}_{{{\text{rxn}}}} \left( {\text{constant P}} \right)$$

d

Δ

G
rxn

/
dT
=
-
Δ

S
rxn

constant P

While this equation illustrates a relationship between ∆Grxn and ∆Srxn, I don’t understand how this is so, especially since orbital electron energies that I hypothesize are responsible for ∆Grxn are not directly involved in the entropy determination of atoms and molecules that are responsible for ∆Srxn. I write this paper to both share my progress and also to seek help from any who can clarify this for me.
Crossings and collisions – Exploring how roe deer navigate the road network
Authors: Märtz Johanna , Brieger Falko , Bhardwaj Manisha 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Context
To investigate the major impact of roads on wildlife, most studies focus on hot-spots of wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC) to identify areas in need of mitigation measures. However, on road stretches where the frequency of WVC is low, a question arises: is this because those locations are 'safe’ places for wildlife to cross the road with little risk of collisions; or is it because individuals avoid approaching and crossing the road in these locations?

Objectives
In this study, we addressed this gap by evaluating how roe deer crossings are related to WVC risk across the road network.

Methods
We used 56 076 WVC locations between 2013 and 2017 to predict the spatiotemporal risk zones in response to environmental, road-related and seasonal predictors using Species-Distribution Modelling (SDM). We compared the predictive WVC risk to the location of 20 744 road crossing by 46 GPS-collared roe deer individuals.

Results
We found that the risk of WVC with roe deer tends to be higher on federal roads that are present in a density of approximate 2.2 km/km2 and surrounded by broad-leafed forests and demonstrate that SDMs can be a powerful tool to predict the risk of WVC across the road network. Roe deer crossed roads more frequently in high WVC risk areas. Temporally, the number of WVC changed throughout the year, which can be linked to roe deer movement patterns rather than landscape features. Within this study, we did not identify any road segments that were a complete barrier to roe deer movement.

Conclusions
The absence of complete barriers to roe deer movement detected in the present study, might be due to the low spatial variation of the landscape, coupled with the high individual variation in movement behaviour. By applying our approach at greater spatial scales and in other landscape contexts, future studies can continue to explore the potential barrier impacts of roads on landscape connectivity. Exploring the relationship between crossing activity and collision risk can improve one’s ability to correctly identify road stretches that require mitigation measures to improve connectivity versus reduce collisions.
A pose estimation for motion tracking of infants cerebral palsy
Authors: Ali Manal Mostafa , Mohamed Samer I. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe General Movements Analysis (GMA) has demonstrated noteworthy promise in the early detection of infantile Cerebral Palsy (CP). However, it is subjective and requires highly trained clinicians, making it costly and time-consuming. Automation of GMA could potentially enhance accessibility and further our comprehension of infants’ full-body movements. This paper investigates the feasibility of using 2D and 3D pose estimation strategies to observe and scrutinize the infant’s comprehensive body movement attributes to improve our perspective to consider joint movement and positions over time as an alternative to GMA for early CP prediction. The study includes comprehensive movement analysis from video recordings for accurate and efficient analysis of infant movement by computing various metrics such as angle orientations at different predicted joint locations, postural information, postural variability, movement velocity, movement variability, and left–right movement coordination. Along with antigravity movements are assessed and tracked as indicators of CP. We employed a variety Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for CP classification based on a series of robust features that have been developed to enhance the interpretability of the model. The proposed approach is assessed through experimentation using the MINI-RGBD and RVI-38 datasets with a classification accuracy of 92% and 97.37% respectively. These results substantiate the efficacy of employing pose estimation techniques for the precocious prediction of infantile CP, highlighting the importance of monitoring changes in joint angles over time for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
The electoral effect of pork barrel politics: evidence from England
Authors: Lattmann Johannes 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effect of the allocation of centralised funding on electoral support for the incumbent by utilising the introduction of the “Towns Fund” in England in 2019 as a natural experiment. For causal identification, I leverage a difference-in-difference design to examine the electoral effect of this fund. My findings suggest that providing funding to constituencies significantly increased the vote share of the Conservative Party in the General Election in 2019. However, in a subset of constituencies in which the Labour Party constitutes the incumbent, the findings can not be replicated for all specifications and robustness checks. Furthermore, I do not find consistent support that the effect is stronger in economically deprived constituencies. Similarly, the results suggest that the voting outcome depends on the total amount of funding being received, however, this finding does not reach statistical significance. These results complement the literature by providing empirical evidence for pork barrel as a functioning means for vote buying for the Conservative government in 2019 in England. Furthermore, this paper emphasises that partisanship should be considered as a mediating variable when analysing the political effect of providing place-based funding.
Comparison of reversed-phase, hydrophilic interaction, and porous graphitic carbon chromatography columns for an untargeted toxicometabolomics study in pooled human liver microsomes, rat urine, and rat plasma
Authors: Hemmer Selina , Manier Sascha K. , Wagmann Lea , Meyer Markus R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Untargeted metabolomics studies are expected to cover a wide range of compound classes with high chemical diversity and complexity. Thus, optimizing (pre-)analytical parameters such as the analytical liquid chromatography (LC) column is crucial and the selection of the column depends primarily on the study purpose.

Objectives
The current investigation aimed to compare six different analytical columns. First, by comparing the chromatographic resolution of selected compounds. Second, on the outcome of an untargeted toxicometabolomics study using pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM), rat plasma, and rat urine as matrices.

Methods
Separation and analysis were performed using three different reversed-phase (Phenyl-Hexyl, BEH C18, and Gold C18), two hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) (ammonium-sulfonic acid and sulfobetaine), and one porous graphitic carbon (PGC) columns coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Their impact was evaluated based on the column performance and the size of feature count, amongst others.

Results
All three reversed-phase columns showed a similar performance, whereas the PGC column was superior to both HILIC columns at least for polar compounds. Comparing the size of feature count across all datasets, most features were detected using the Phenyl-Hexyl or sulfobetaine column. Considering the matrices, most significant features were detected in urine and pHLM after using the sulfobetaine and in plasma after using the ammonium-sulfonic acid column.

Conclusion
The results underline that the outcome of this untargeted toxicometabolomic study LC-HRMS metabolomic study was highly influenced by the analytical column, with the Phenyl-Hexyl or sulfobetaine column being the most suitable. However, column selection may also depend on the investigated compounds as well as on the investigated matrix.

Graphical abstract