bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global changes in gene regulation demonstrate that unconjugated bilirubin is able to upregulate and activate select components of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway
Authors: Oakes Garth H. , Bend John R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractElevated concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) are responsible for neonatal jaundice and can eventually lead to kernicterus or death. The molecular mechanism of UCB toxicity is incompletely elucidated. The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in gene regulation mediated by UCB to determine novel pathways that contribute to UCB‐mediated toxicity. We employed microarray analysis to determine changes in gene regulation mediated by UCB at both pro‐ (50 μM) and antioxidant (70 nM) concentrations in Hepa 1c1c7 cells at 1 and 6 h. The changes observed in select genes were validated with qPCR. Using immunoblot analysis, we validated these changes at the protein level for select genes and documented the activation of two proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, eIF2α and PERK. Following treatment with 50 μM UCB, microarray analysis revealed the upregulation of many genes involved in ER stress (ATF3, BiP, CHOP, Dnajb1, and Herp). We demonstrate that upregulation of the proapoptotic transcription factor CHOP results in increased intracellular protein content. It was determined that activation of proteins involved in ER stress was an early event in UCB toxicity as eIF2α and PERK were both phosphorylated and activated by 1 h posttreatment. We also demonstrate that procaspase‐12 content, a proposed initiator caspase in ER stress‐mediated apoptosis, is decreased by 4 h posttreatment. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that elevated concentrations of UCB (50 μM) are able to activate select components of the ER stress pathway in Hepa 1c1c7 cells, which may contribute to UCB‐mediated apoptosis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:73–88, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20313
Spectroscopic investigation on the toxic interaction of melamine with herring sperm DNA
Authors: Sun Yajing , Liu Rutao , Chi Zhenxing , Qin Pengfei , Fang Xiaoyan , Mou Yue 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe toxic interaction of melamine with herring sperm DNA (hs‐DNA) was investigated by using fluorescence and UV–vis absorption spectra techniques. The experimental results showed that the toxic interaction between melamine and hs‐DNA occurred. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated the existence of electrostatic binding between melamine and hs‐DNA. The binding constantsKAand the binding site numbers were calculated by means of the Stern–Volmer equation and were 9.8 × 104L mol−1and 1.3, respectively. Both the results of fluorescence spectra and UV–vis absorption spectra verified that there are electrostatic binding between melamine and hs‐DNA. The possibility in the presence of a classical intercalation binding mode could be ruled out by using DNA unwinding experiments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:323–329, 2010; View this article online atwileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20341
Impact of East Asian winter monsoon on rainfall over southeastern China and its dynamical process
Authors: Zhou Lian‐Tong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe present study investigates the impact of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) on winter (January, February, and March, or JFM in short) rainfall over southeastern China (including South China and central eastern China) and its dynamical process by using station observations for the period 1951–2003 and the ERA‐40 reanalysis for the period 1958–2002. It is found that there is a significant correlation between interannual variations of the EAWM and JFM rainfall over southeastern China. Analyses show that in weak EAWM years southwesterly anomalies at 700 hPa dominate over South China Sea, which transports more moisture into southeastern China, favouring rainfall increase. At the same time, the East Asian westerly jet weakens and displaces southward, contributing to the increase in ascending motion over southeastern China. The air temperature over southeastern China shows an obvious decrease at 300 hPa and increase near the surface. This enhances the convective instability and weakens the potential vorticity (PV), which explains the strengthening of ascending motion and the increase in JFM rainfall over southeastern China. In addition, the EAWM has impacts independent of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on JFM rainfall over southeastern China. Moreover, the rainfall anomalies over central eastern China are more closely related to the EAWM than that in South China. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Long‐term variations of circulation in the tropical Atlantic sector and Sahel rainfall
Authors: Hastenrath Stefan , Polzin Dierk 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFollowing diagnostic work two decades ago, this study examines the long‐term variations of rainfall in the West African Sahel and the underlying circulation mechanisms over the past century. Raingauge measurements bear out DRY regimes during 1910–1919 and 1979–1988 and WET regimes during 1950–1959 and 1999–2008. In the WET as compared to the DRY regimes the cross‐equatorial winds from the Southern Hemisphere are enhanced, consistent with lower surface pressure over the tropical North Atlantic, which in terms of hydrostatic forcing plausibly accompanies warmer surface waters, with cooling/warming leading pressure rise/drop in the tropical North Atlantic and DRY/WET in the Sahel. The controls of the observed long‐term variations of sea surface temperature in the tropical North Atlantic must remain target of further diagnostic evaluation. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Effect of psoralen on bone formation
Authors: Wong Ricky W.K. , Rabie A. Bakr M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo compare the amount of new bone and bone cells produced by psoralen in collagen matrix to that produced by collagen matrix in vivo. Eighteen bone defects, 5 mm by 10 mm were created in the parietal bone of nine New Zealand White rabbits. Six defects were grafted with psoralen mixed with collagen matrix. Six defects were grafted with collagen matrix alone (negative control—collagen) and six were left empty (negative control—empty). Animals were killed on day 14 and the defects were dissected and prepared for histological assessment. Quantitative analysis of new bone formation and bone cells were made on 100 sections (50 sections for each group) using image analysis. A total of 454% more new bone was present in defects grafted with psoralen in collagen matrix than those grafted with collagen matrix. No bone was formed in the negative control—empty group. The amount of bone forming osteoblasts was also significantly greater in the psoralen group than the negative control–collagen group. Psoralen in collagen matrix has the effect of increasing new bone formation locally in vivo. Psoralen in collagen matrix can be developed as a bone graft material. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:158–164, 2011
Spatial and temporal variability of dissolved nitrous oxide in near‐surface groundwater and bubble‐mediated mass transfer to the unsaturated zone
Authors: Geistlinger Helmut , Jia Ruiyan , Eisermann Danny , Florian Stange Claus 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUnderstanding spatial and temporal variability of dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) is essential to process understanding of N2O emissions from near‐surface groundwater to the unsaturated zone and to the atmosphere. We propose a conceptual model of bubble‐mediated mass transfer within the exchange zone defined by the range of groundwater fluctuations. Based on this model, we discuss our experimental data collected over a period of 2 years from of a small‐scale test site (6.5 m × 2.5 m × 5 m, 20 observation wells), where we measured the dissolved gases N2O and O2 at five different depths ( 0.1, 0.5, 0.8, 1.5, and 2.5 m below groundwater level).We show by visualization of the spatially interpolated data and by descriptive statistics that the N2O concentration of near‐surface groundwater exhibits a significant anticorrelation to O2 concentration, a spatial coefficient of variation up to 260%, and a spatial‐correlation range at the meter‐scale. The temporal variation of the spatially averaged data is correlated to the temporal variation of the averaged groundwater level. The implications of high spatial and temporal variability on gradient‐based flux models like the steady state–flat interface model usually used in literature are discussed. Our main conclusion is that both the steady‐state assumption and the flat‐interface model are far from being realistic, because of (1) the highly transient behavior of the exchange zone and (2) the oversimplification of the gas–water interface that underestimates mass transfer by order of magnitudes compared to bubble‐mediated mass transfer.
The construction of a palaeodischarge time series for use in a study of fluvial system development of the Middle to Late Pleistocene Upper Thames
Authors: Stemerdink Chris , Maddy Darrel , Bridgland David R. , Veldkamp Antonie 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRecently many studies have attempted to model fluvial system development over a variety of geographical and temporal scales. It is generally recognised that one of the main problems, especially in studies over longer timescales (>100 ka), is the reconstruction of a robust palaeodischarge time series. Over such extended timescales discharge can only be reconstructed using proxy data, i.e. either field‐based (sediment) palaeodischarge estimates or transformation of reconstructed palaeoclimate data series (e.g. ice core data), with only the latter method allowing the reconstruction of a continuous time series. In this study of the Upper Thames catchment, UK, we have developed a new palaeodischarge time series. A sea surface temperature record (ODP 980) from the North Atlantic (off the west coast of Ireland) is used as a proxy for precipitation across the Upper Thames catchment. A vegetation filter, based on pollen data, is then applied to this precipitation record in order to create a runoff model. Finally, this runoff model is transformed to a discharge model via the use of a climate change function which attempts to reflect probable changes in the frequency and magnitude of discharge events. Using our new palaeodischarge model, we present output from the FLUVER2 model of longitudinal profile development for the Middle to Late Pleistocene Upper Thames Valley. This model simulates the possible timing and magnitude of sediment aggradation/degradation events on the floodplain as well as the timing of floodplain abandonment due to tectonic uplift, resulting in terrace formation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A record of Holocene environmental and ecological changes from Wildwood Lake, Long Island, New York
Authors: Oswald W. Wyatt , Foster David R. , Doughty Elaine D. , Macdonald Dana 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAnalyses of pollen, charcoal and organic content in a lake sediment core from Wildwood Lake, Long Island, New York, provide insights into the ecological and environmental history of this region. The early Holocene interval of the record (ca. 9800–8800 cal. a BP) indicates the presence of Pinus rigida–Quercus ilicifolia woodlands with high fire activity. A layer of sandy sediment dating to 9200 cal. a BP may reflect a brief period of reduced water depth, consistent with widespread evidence for cold, dry conditions at that time. Two other sandy layers, bracketed by 14C dates, represent a sedimentary hiatus from ca. 8800 to 4500 cal. a BP. This discontinuity may reflect the removal of some sediment during brief periods of reduced water depth at 5300 and 4600 cal. a BP. In the upper portion of the record (<4500 cal. a BP), subtle changes at ca. 3000 cal. a BP indicate declining prevalence of Quercus–Fagus–Carya forests and increasing abundance of Pinus rigida, perhaps due to reduced summer precipitation. Elevated percentages of herbaceous taxa in the uppermost sediments represent European agricultural activities. However, unlike charcoal records from southern New England, fire activity does not increase dramatically with European settlement. These findings indicate that present‐day Pinus rigida–Quercus ilicifolia woodlands on eastern Long Island are not a legacy of recent, anthropogenic disturbances. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐tarnish treatment of brass for coinage (II) color analysis, adsorption model, and quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Liang C. , Wang P. , Wu B. , Huang N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe color and gloss of brass before and after anti‐tarnish treatment were analyzed with color difference meter, and the inhibition effect of 1‐phenyl‐5‐mercapto‐tetrazole (PMTA) film on brass was investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was found that the treatment with PMTA brought few changes to the original color and gloss of brass. The adsorption of PMTA on brass surface obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm, it was a spontaneous and exothermic process accompanied by an increase in entropy. Further, quantum chemical calculation was applied to elucidate the corrosion inhibition mechanism of PMTA on brass surface.
Very‐Low‐Bandgap Metallopolyynes of Platinum with a Cyclopentadithiophenone Ring for Organic Solar Cells Absorbing Down to the Near‐Infrared Spectral Region
Authors: Wang Xing‐Zhu , Wang Qiwei , Yan Lei , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Cheung Kai‐Yin , Ng Annie , Djurišić Aleksandra B. , Chan Wai‐Kin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo solution‐processable metallopolyynes of platinum functionalized with the electron‐deficient 4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b']dithiophen‐4‐one spacer and their model molecular complexes were synthesized and developed for the applications of polymer solar cells. These metallated polymers possess extremely low bandgaps of 1.44–1.53 eV which extend toward the near‐infrared (NIR) range of the solar spectrum, and represent the lowest optical bandgap yet reported for platinum(II) metallopolyynes to date. The structural flexibility, processibility, and good photovoltaic performance make cyclopentadithiophenone‐containing polymers prominent candidates for NIR photovoltaic applications.magnified image
Price‐setting behaviour in Spain: evidence from micro PPI data
Authors: Álvarez Luis J. , Burriel Pablo , Hernando Ignacio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper explores the key features of manufacturing price‐setting behaviour in Spain using an extensive micro Producer Price Index data set. The main focus is placed on the impact on the frequency of price adjustment of some explanatory variables, including the cost structure, degree of market competition, demand conditions and inflationary pressures. All these factors are found to explain cross industry heterogeneity in price stickiness. A comparison of consumer and producer price‐setting practices is also presented to ascertain the role of the retail sector in explaining price stickiness. We find some evidence that producer prices are more flexible than consumer prices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: concordance of the adolescent version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI) with the K‐SADS in the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent (NCS‐A) supplement
Authors: Green Jennifer Greif , Avenevoli Shelli , Finkelman Matthew , Gruber Michael J. , Kessler Ronald C. , Merikangas Kathleen R. , Sampson Nancy A. , Zaslavsky Alan M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper evaluates the internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity of the assessment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐IV) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the adolescent version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI). The CIDI is a lay‐administered diagnostic interview that was carried out in conjunction with the US National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement, a US nationally representative survey of 10,148 adolescents and their parents. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using factor and item response theory analyses. Concurrent validity was evaluated against diagnoses based on blinded clinician‐administered interviews. Inattention and hyperactivity‐impulsivity items loaded on separate but correlated factors, with hyperactivity and impulsivity items forming a single factor in parent reports but separate factors in youth reports. We were able to differentiate hyperactivity and impulsivity factors for parents as well by eliminating a subset who endorsed zero ADHD items from the factor analysis. Although concurrent validity was relatively weak, decomposition showed that this was due to low validity of adolescent reports. A modified CIDI diagnosis based exclusively on parent reports generated a diagnosis that had good concordance with clinical diagnoses [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.78]. Implications for assessing ADHD using the CIDI and the effect of different informants on measurement are discussed.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grafting Polymer Brushes from Glass Fibers by Surface‐Initiated ATRP
Authors: Zhang Hongwen , Jiang Yan , Yu Qiang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGrafting of PMMA and/or PS brushes from the surface of glass fibers by SI‐ATRP has been investigated in order to achieve a controlled surface structure of the matrix. The surface composition and morphology of the modified glass fibers were analyzed by FTIR, XPS, TGA, and SEM. The results indicated that the surface composition and morphology were improved by grafting polymer after modification. The modified glass fibers were composed of an organic tube and an inorganic core. The organic content on the surface of modified glass fibers was high. GPC data of free polymer showed that the SI‐ATRP from the surface of bromine‐bound glass fibers proceeded in a controlled/“living” manner.magnified image
Polysulfobetaines as extractants for Sr(II) ions from its aqueous solutions
Authors: Garg Godawari , Chauhan Ghanshyam S. , Ahn Jou‐Hyeon 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn the present paper, we communicate sorption of Sr(II) ions on novel polysulfobetaines. N‐vinyl imidazole was modified by crosslinking it with four different crosslinkers: N,N‐methylene bisacrylamide, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, divinyl benzene, and tripropylene glycol diacrylate. All the crosslinked networks were treated with sodium 2‐bromoethane sulfonate to obtain novel polysulfobetaines. The polymers were characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis and SEM to find evidence of network formation and quaternization. These polymers were used as Sr(II) sorbents. Sr(II) uptake was determined by using a colorimetric method using Rose Bengal anionic dye and 0.1 N HCl as the eluent. SEM‐EDS analysis of Sr(II)‐loaded polymers as well as after elution on treatment with 0.1 N HCl was recorded to ascertain the uptake of Sr(II) ions. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using the Freundlich and Temkin equations. The experimental data also were analyzed using pseudo‐second order sorption kinetic model. Results show that the equilibrium data fit well in the Freundlich isotherm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bedeutung von GLP‐1 für die Glucose‐Homöostase. Entdeckung der Inkretine
Authors: Blume Henning , Wedemeyer Ralph‐Steven , Gallwitz Baptist 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBereits vor mehr als 40 Jahren wurden spezifische Kommunikationsstrukturen zwischen dem Magen‐Darm‐Trakt und den für die Stoffwechselreaktion des Körpers auf die Aufnahme von Nahrungsbestandteilen verantwortlichen Organe entdeckt. In diesem Zusammenhang kommt dem Inselapparat des endokrinen Pankreas eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu. Neben der direkten Substratstimulation und einer Reizübertragung mittels neuronaler Strukturen wurden auch gastrointestinale Hormone, die so genannten Inkretine, nachgewiesen, die vom Darm ausgesendet die Organe des intermediären Stoffwechsels auf die bevorstehende Resorption wichtiger Nahrungsbestandteile, vor allem Kohlenhydrate, vorbereiten sollen. Dennoch vergingen beinahe vier Jahrzehnte, bis aus diesen Erkenntnissen der Grundlagenforschung innovative Ansätze für therapeutische Interventionen bei Diabetes mellitus entwickelt werden konnten.
DPP‐4‐Inhibitoren in der Klinik. Therapie ohne Hypoglykämie‐Gefahr
Authors: Gallwitz Baptist 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMit den DPP‐4‐Hemmern stehen seit 2007 zugelassene orale Antidiabetika zur Verfügung, die im Gegensatz zu anderen insulinotropen Medikamenten glucoseabhängig bei Hyperglykämie die Insulinsekretion stimulieren und daher kein eigenes Hypoglykämierisiko haben. Zusätzlich hemmen sie die Glucagonsekretion und sind gewichtsneutral. DPP‐4‐Hemmer sind in Monotherapie und in Kombination mit Metformin, Glitazonen und Sulfonylharnstoffen wirksam, ihre Wirksamkeit bezüglich der Blutzuckersenkung ist mit der anderer oraler Antidiabetika vergleichbar. Zugelassen und auf dem Markt sind derzeit Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin und Vildagliptin für die Kombinationstherapie mit den oben genannten Substanzen. Die Verträglichkeit ist gut, spezifische Nebenwirkungen sind nicht bekannt. Weitere Substanzen sind im Zulassungsverfahren oder in klinischer Prüfung.
Die nicht gelösten Probleme des Diabetes Typ 2. Die diabetologische Praxis
Authors: Rüßmann Heinz‐Jürgen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMit dem Fortschreiten des Typ‐2‐Diabetes kommt es zu einer Verschlechterung der Beta‐Zellfunktion und einer Verschlechterung von HBA1C‐Werten, Nüchternblutzucker und postprandialen Blutzuckerwerten. Die gegenwärtigen Therapien sind mit Gewichtszunahme und/oder Hypoglykämien assoziiert. Außerdem ist ein Anstieg des systolischen Blutdrucks zu sehen. Man muss sich fragen, gibt es hier eine Lösung?
Gliptine und GLP‐1‐Analoga – Aspekte der pharmazeutischen Betreuung. Die Eigenverantwortlichkeit des Patienten stärken
Authors: Wörner Wolfgang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDie Zahl der Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus nimmt in Deutschland seit Jahren zu. Trotz spürbarer Verbesserungen muss die Versorgungssituation der Diabetiker nach wie vor als unbefriedigend bezeichnet werden. Die medikamentösen Optionen wurden durch Einführung der GLP‐1‐Analoga und Gliptine wesentlich erweitert, so dass das Ziel einer “physiologischen” Therapie nähergerückt ist. Zugleich stiegen damit aber auch die Anforderungen, die an die Betreuung des Diabetikers durch den Apotheker in der öffentlichen Apotheke gestellt werden. Wenn der Apotheker sich dieser Aufgabe stellt, kann er nicht nur einen substantiellen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Stoffwechselsituation und der Lebensqualität leisten, sondern auch prospektiv helfen, arzneimittelbezogene Probleme zu verhindern.
Nachruf: Zum Gedenken an Frau Prof. Dr. Elsa Ullmann
Authors: Lippold Bernhard , Rupprecht Herbert 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNachruf im Namen aller ehemaligen MitarbeiterDie ehemaligen Mitarbeiter trauern um Frau Prof. Dr. Elsa Ullmann, die am Samstag, den 24. Januar 210, in Vorfreude auf ihren 99. Geburtstag, ganz ruhig entschlafen ist.
Zweifach‐Angriff auf die Gyrase durch Simocyclinon
Authors: Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSchätzungsweise 1,2 Millionen Krankenhausaufenthalte werden durch multiresistente Bakterien verursacht, insbesondere durch Methicillin‐resistente Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Zwar wurden in den letzten Jahren Antibiotika gegen MRSA entwickelt, wie z.B. Telavancin, Linezolid oder Tigecyclin, allerdings stammen mit Ausnahme von Linezolid alle Substanzen aus bereits bekannten Antibiotikagruppen. Deshalb und auf Grund der deutlichen Verschlechterung der Resistenzlage ist es wichtig nach neuen Wirkprinzipien zu suchen.