bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversibly immortalized human olfactory ensheathing glia from an elderly donor maintain neuroregenerative capacity
Authors: Lim Filip , Martín‐Bermejo M. Jesús , García‐Escudero Vega , Gallego‐Hernández M. Teresa , García‐Gómez Ana , Rábano Alberto , Díaz‐Nido Javier , Ávila Jesús , Moreno‐Flores M. Teresa 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA continuous normal function of olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) is to promote axonal regeneration from the olfactory neuroepithelium to the brain, and their neuroregenerative potential in other CNS sites such as the injured spinal cord has been studied for over a decade. However, human OEG are difficult to obtain in large amounts directly from tissues, and the derived primary cultures have a limited duplication capacity. Thus, although auto‐transplantation may be an obvious option for initial proof‐of‐concept trials, alternatives must be explored to obtain large quantities of homogeneous, pre‐characterized OEG for wide‐scale therapeutic use. We have cultured primary human OEG derived from olfactory bulbs (OB) obtained by necropsy and successfully extended the replicative lifespan of these cells using lentivectors encoding Bmi‐1 and TERT transgenes flanked by loxP sites. In contrast to the primary cells which could only be expanded for a limited number of passages (∼12), adult human OEG immortalized Bmi‐1/TERT divided indefinitely in culture. Clonal lines were isolated and the floxed transgenes could be excised by lentivector‐mediated Cre recombinase delivery. Primary, immortalized, and deimmortalized human OEG all expressed typical markers of this cell type and importantly, were all able to promote axonal regeneration of adult rat retinal ganglion neurons (RGN) in co‐culture assays. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional relationships between perisynaptic astroglia and human hippocampal synapses
Authors: Witcher Mark R. , Park Yong D. , Lee Mark R. , Sharma Suash , Harris Kristen M. , Kirov Sergei A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPerisynaptic astroglia are critical for normal synaptic development and function. Little is known, however, about perisynaptic astroglia in the human hippocampus. When mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is refractory to medication, surgical removal is required for seizure quiescence. To investigate perisynaptic astroglia in human hippocampus, we recovered slices for several hours in vitro from three surgical specimens and then quickly fixed them to achieve high‐quality ultrastructure. Histological samples from each case were found to have mesial temporal sclerosis with Blumcke Type 1a (mild, moderate) or 1b (severe) pathology. Quantitative analysis through serial section transmission electron microscopy in CA1 stratum radiatum revealed more synapses in the mild (10/10 μm3) than the moderate (5/10 μm3) or severe (1/10 μm3) cases. Normal spines occurred in mild and moderate cases, but a few multisynaptic spines were all that remained in the severe case. Like adult rat hippocampus, perisynaptic astroglial processes were preferentially associated with larger synapses in the mild and moderate cases, but rarely penetrated the cluster of axonal boutons surrounding multisynaptic spines. Synapse perimeters were only partially surrounded by astroglial processes such that all synapses had some access to substances in the extracellular space, similar to adult rat hippocampus. Junctions between astroglial processes were observed more frequently in moderate than mild case, but were obscured by densely packed intermediate filaments in astroglial processes of the severe case. These findings suggest that perisynaptic astroglial processes associate with synapses in human hippocampus in a manner similar to model systems and are disrupted by severe MTLE pathology. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leukotriene synthases and the receptors induced by peripheral nerve injury in the spinal cord contribute to the generation of neuropathic pain
Authors: Okubo Masamichi , Yamanaka Hiroki , Kobayashi Kimiko , Noguchi Koichi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLeukotrienes (LTs) belong to a large family of lipid mediators, termed eicosanoids, which are derived from arachidonic acids and released from the cell membrane by phospholipases. LTs are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and peripheral inflammatory pain. In the present study, we examined whether LTs were implicated in pathomechanism of neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury. Using the spared nerve injury (SNI) model in rats, we investigated the expression of LT synthases (5‐lipoxygenase; 5‐LO, Five lipoxygenase activating protein; FLAP, LTA4 hydrolase; LTA4h and LTC4 synthase; LTC4s) and receptors (BLT1, 2 and CysLT1, 2) mRNAs in the rat spinal cord. Semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR revealed that 5‐LO, FLAP, LTC4s, BLT1, and CysLT1 mRNAs increased following SNI, but not CysLT2 mRNAs. Using double labeling analysis of in situ hybridization with immunohistochemistry, we observed that 5‐LO, FLAP, and CysLT1 mRNAs were expressed in spinal microglia. LTA4h and LTC4s mRNAs were expressed in both spinal neurons and microglia. BLT1 mRNA was expressed in spinal neurons. The p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibitor, but not MEK inhibitor, reduced the increase in 5‐LO in spinal microglia. Continuous intrathecal administration of the 5‐LO inhibitor or BLT1 and CysLT1 receptor antagonists suppressed mechanical allodynia induced by SNI. Our findings suggest that the increase of LT synthesis in spinal microglia produced via p38 MAPK plays a role in the generation of neuropathic pain. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toll‐like receptor agonists as third signals for dendritic cell–tumor fusion vaccines
Authors: Cho Edward I. , Tan Chunrui , Koski Gary K. , Cohen Peter A. , Shu Suyu , Lee Walter T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of dendritic cell (DC)–tumor fusion hybrids with Toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists.MethodsDC–tumor fusion hybrids were generated by electrofusion and injected into the inguinal lymph nodes of C57BL/6 mice with 3‐day established pulmonary metastases. Paired TLR agonists polyinosine:polycytadilic acid [poly(I:C)] and cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) were then injected intraperitoneally. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate interleukin (IL)‐12 production from the DC–tumor fusion hybrids in vitro.ResultsFusion + TLR agonists (60 metastases) had significantly fewer metastases than did the untreated control (262 metastases, p = .0001) and fusion alone (150 metastases, p = .02). ELISA showed that the DC–tumor fusion hybrids yielded 90 pg of IL‐12 after TLR stimulation compared with 1610 pg from dendritic cells alone.ConclusionsCpG and poly(I:C) administered as a third signal with fusion hybrids as described significantly reduce melanoma metastasis compared with fusion hybrids alone. Fusion hybrids do not appear to be a significant source for IL‐12 secretion. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Widespread expression of prostate apoptosis response‐4 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lee Jeng‐Woei , Hsiao Wei‐Ting , Lee Kuei‐Fang , Sheu Lai‐Fa , Hsu Hsue‐Yin , Hsu Lee‐Ping , Su Borcherng , Lee Moon‐Sing , Hsu Yih‐Chih , Chang Chung‐Hsing 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground.Prostate apoptosis response‐4 (Par‐4) augments apoptosis in various tumors, either during apoptotic insult or by ectopic overexpression. However, investigation of Par‐4 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is lacking.Methods.Specimens from patients with NPC, hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC), or oral cavity cancer were examined for Par‐4 expression using immunohistochemistry. NPC cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining for Ki67, B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2), and in situ terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)–mediated biotin‐16‐dUTP nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively.Results.Par‐4 was ubiquitously expressed in NPC biopsies (96.2%, 25/26) and was significantly higher than in HPC (47.6%, 50/105, p < .0001) and oral cavity cancers (38.7%, 12/31, p < .0001). Remarkably, apoptosis of NPC cells was absent and Par‐4 expression was associated with obvious expression of Bcl‐2 and Ki67 in all patients tested with NPC.Conclusions.Immunohistochemistry results showed widespread expression of Par‐4 in NPC and revealed sustainable proliferation of NPC cells regardless of Par‐4 expression.© 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
An event history approach to the evaluation of training, recruitment and employment programmes
Authors: Ridder G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper I evaluate a number of training, recruitment and employment programmes. The evaluation method is a combination of a quasi‐experimental design (a simple pre‐treatment‐post‐treatment design) and a stochastic process model to describe the response variables. I conclude that the programmes have no effect on older workers. Female and minority workers benefit most from the programmes. The training programmes are less effective than the recruitment programmes, which are in turn less effective than the employment programmes.
Exact inference in the inequality constrained normal linear regression model
Authors: Geweke John 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInference in the inequality constrained normal linear regression model is approached as a problem in Bayesian inference, using a prior that is the product of a conventional uninformative distribution and an indicator function representing the inequality constraints. The posterior distribution is calculated using Monte Carlo numerical integration, which leads directly to the evaluation of expected values of functions of interest. This approach is compared with others that have been proposed. Three empirical examples illustrate the utility of the proposed methods using an inexpensive 32‐bit microcomputer.
Forecasting with an econometric model: Some recent results using the national institute model
Authors: Hall S. G. , Henry S. G. B. , Johns C. B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIt is widely believed that the large econometric models cannot be used for forecasting without considerable intervention on the part of the forecaster. In this paper we challenge this view by reproducing a number of recent forecasts published by the National Institute but without the ad hoc interventions used at the time. We show that in no case would the forecast, produced by the model used mechanically, have been radically different from that actually published. Further, in an ex‐post comparison against actual out‐turns, the mechanical model forecast is not obviously dominated by the published version.
Commodity and asset demands with and without quantity constraints in the labour market
Authors: Bronsard Camille , Salvas‐Bronsard Lise 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper reformulates the consumer's decision‐making problem in a temporary framework with and without quantity constraints in the labour market in such a way as to define a complete demand system which includes consumption, labour and saving. Then, based on American and Canadian data (1948–1980), this extended complete demand system is estimated using a priori theoretical properties. Quantity constraints in the labour market cannot be rejected, and marginal propensities to consume out of labour income are very different from the marginal propensities out of non‐labour income. Temporal separability is rejected and Slutsky conditions are preserved.
Capital utilization and capital accumulation: Theory and evidence
Authors: Shapiro Matthew D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA firm may acquire additional capital input by purchasing new capital or by increasing the utilization of its current capital. The margin between capital accumulation and capital utilization is studied in a model of dynamic factor demand where the firm chooses capital, labour and their rates of utilization. A direct measure of capital utilization‐the work week of capital‐is incorporated into the theory and estimates. The estimates imply that capital stock is costly to adjust while the work week of capital is essentially costless to adjust. The estimated response of the capital stock to changes in its price and in the required rate of return is more rapid than found in other estimates.
Unemployment, disequilibrium and the short run phillips curve: An econometric approach
Authors: Quandt Richard E. , Rosen Harvey S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe paper specifies a disequilibrium model for the aggregate labour market consisting of demand and supply functions for labour, an adjustment equation for wages as well as for prices, a transactions equation and, finally, an equation that relates measured unemployment to vacancies and to excess demand. The model has a more sophisticated treatment of dynamics than earlier disequilibrium models. The parameter estimates and the goodness‐of‐fit are satisfactory and the model's implications for the behaviour of several important variables are sensible. In particular, excess demand estimates computed in various ways are reasonable.
The role of fiscal policy in the St. Louis model: An evaluation and some new evidence
Authors: Raj Baldev , Siklos Pierre L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper re‐examines the role of high employment budget expenditures (fiscal policy) in the St. Louis expenditure equation by using spectral analysis and the spectral estimates of a two‐sided distributed lag model. The analysis is undertaken with quarterly U.S. data from 1947:1 to 1984:IV in the rate of change form. A salient conclusion is that fiscal policy has statistically significant partial coherences with (nominal) income, with the latter leading the former over the business cycle. We find that income is jointly related to lead terms of fiscal policy in a two‐sided distributed lag model. Some explanations for these results are provided.
Postthaw clotting of peripheral blood stem cell products due to insufficient anticoagulant
Authors: Reich‐Slotky Ronit , Patel Nita , Dael Shatrina , Semidei‐Pomales Mildred , Stephens Hannah , Reich Michael , Schwartz Joseph 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe amount of acid citrate dextrose formula A (ACD‐A), which is a commonly used anticoagulant in leukopheresis, has to ensure both the safety of the donor and guarantee the integrity of the peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) product until its transplant. Two recent consecutive cases of postthaw PBSC product clotting initiated a look‐back investigation of the ACD‐A percentage in leukopheresis products collected in our facility. The data indicated a significant difference between the average amount of ACD‐A in prefreezing products collected during 2006 (11.4%) and in products collected during 2007 and 2008 (8.8% and 8.7%, respectively). These findings and the fact that the two clotted products had less than 7% ACD‐A indicated that insufficient amount of anticoagulant might contribute to their clotting. This investigation prompted us to modify our collection and thawing procedures to prevent similar events in the future. J. Clin. Apheresis 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feasibility and safety of triple dose platelet collection by apheresis
Authors: Moog Rainer 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground:Blood cell separators of the newest generation allow for the collection of high‐dose platelet concentrates. The aim of this study was to evaluate triple dose platelet collection with respect to feasibility and safety.Materials and Methods:Four hundred eighty plateletphereses were performed targeting to collect a triple platelet dose. Platelet counts were performed before and after apheresis and in platelet concentrates. Furthermore, donors were monitored for adverse events.Results:Triple dose platelet collection was achieved in 96% according to European and national guidelines. Mean donor platelet count before apheresis was 303 ± 64/nl and decreased to 195 ± 48/nl after plateletpheresis. The lowest platelet count after apheresis was 111/nl. Twenty‐one donor adverse events were observed (4.4%).Conclusions:Triple dose platelet collection is feasible and safe provided that donors are carefully checked for triple dose eligibility. J. Clin. Apheresis 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A dimensionless reaction coordinate for quantifying the lateness of transition states
Authors: Manz Thomas A. , Sholl David S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Hammond‐Leffler postulate asserts that transition states of exothermic reactions are reactant‐like (early), whereas transition states of endothermic reactions are product‐like (late). Related postulates have been proposed to describe the sensitivity of activation barriers for reactions occurring on catalytic surfaces to the catalyst structure. To evaluate the validity of these postulates for different chemical reactions, a general method for classifying transition states as either early or late is needed. One can envision a dimensionless reaction coordinate that changes continuously and monotonically from 0 to 1 along a minimum energy reaction pathway. The value of the dimensionless reaction coordinate for the transition state (WTS) classifies transition states as (a) early when WTS < 0.5, (b) late when WTS > 0.5, and (c) equidistant between reactants and products when WTS = 0.5. In this article, we derive such a dimensionless reaction coordinate and illustrate its usefulness for several different chemical reactions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
A first‐order system least‐squares finite element method for the Poisson‐Boltzmann equation
Authors: Bond Stephen D. , Chaudhry Jehanzeb Hameed , Cyr Eric C. , Olson Luke N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Poisson‐Boltzmann equation is an important tool in modeling solvent in biomolecular systems. In this article, we focus on numerical approximations to the electrostatic potential expressed in the regularized linear Poisson‐Boltzmann equation. We expose the flux directly through a first‐order system form of the equation. Using this formulation, we propose a system that yields a tractable least‐squares finite element formulation and establish theory to support this approach. The least‐squares finite element approximation naturally provides an a posteriori error estimator and we present numerical evidence in support of the method. The computational results highlight optimality in the case of adaptive mesh refinement for a variety of molecular configurations. In particular, we show promising performance for the Born ion, Fasciculin 1, methanol, and a dipole, which highlights robustness of our approach. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
CC bond formation by radical cyclization: Facile syntheses of [6,6]pyranothiopyrans and [6,6]pyridothiopyrans
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Sarkar S. , Pal P. , Muhuri S. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image 4‐Chloromethylthiopyrano[3,2‐c][1]benzopyran‐5‐(2H)‐ones were refluxed with o‐bromophenols in acetone in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate and sodium iodide to afford a number of 4‐aryloxymethylthiopyrano[3,2‐c][1]benzopyan‐5‐(2H)‐ones in 72–79% yields. These compounds were refluxed with tri‐n‐butyltin hydride and azobisisobutyronitrile in dry benzene for 7–8 h to give [6,6]pyranothiopyrans in 76–84% yields with good diastereoselectivity. Similarly, [6,6]pyridothiopyrans were also synthesized in 70–75% yields with excellent diastereoselectivity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
An efficient and clean synthesis of pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐4,7‐dione derivatives in aqueous media
Authors: Shi Da‐Qing , Shi Jing‐Wen , Rong Shao‐Feng 
Published: November 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA series of 2‐amino‐5‐aryl‐5,6‐dihydropyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐4,7(3H,8H)‐dione derivatives were synthesized via the three‐component reaction of aromatic aldehyde, 2,6‐diaminopyrimidine‐ 4(3H)‐one, and Meldrum's acid in water in the presence of triethylbenzylammonium chloride (TEBAC). This protocol has the advantages of easier work‐up, milder reaction conditions, and environmentally benign procedure. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Clean synthesis of furo[3,4‐e]pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐one derivatives in aqueous media
Authors: Shi Da‐Qing , Yao Hao 
Published: November 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA series of 4‐aryl‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐7H‐furo[3,4‐e]pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐ones were synthesizedviathe three‐component reaction of an aldehyde, 5‐amino‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole and tetronic acid in aqueous media in the presence of triethylbenzylammonium chloride (TEBAC). This method has the advantages of easier work‐up, mild reaction conditions, high yields, and an environmentally benign procedure. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Synthesis of novel annelated systems based on the interaction and reactivity estimation of amino‐1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones with dimethyl‐2‐oxoglutaconate
Authors: Janciene Regina , Stumbreviciute Zita , Vektariene Ausra , Kosychova Lidija , Klimavicius Algirdas , Palaima Algirdas , Puodziunaite Benedikta 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image A number of substituted tetracyclic 4H‐[1,4]diazepino[3,2,1‐hi]pyrido[4,3,2‐cd]indole and tricyclic 1H‐[1,4]diazepino[2,3‐g] or [2,3‐h]quinoline derivatives were prepared from 7‐ (or 8, or 9)amino‐1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones by the Doebner–von Miller quinoline synthesis. The structure of the cyclized products depends on the position of the primary amino group and on the substituents of the diazepine ring of the starting compounds. The regiochemical outcome of the reaction was estimated by calculating average local ionization energies on the molecular surface at the Density Functional Theory (DFT) level of theory. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
A simple and practical method for the synthesis of 2‐amino‐5,6‐dihydro‐5,7‐diarylquinazolin‐4‐ols
Authors: Senguttuvan S. , Nagarajan Samuthira 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image We report an efficient and new method of synthesis of 2‐amino‐5,6‐dihydro‐5,7‐diarylquinazolin‐4‐ols by the reaction of substituted cyclohexenones with guanidine hydrochloride in presence of NaOEt. The reactions are with 50–72% yield. All the synthesized compounds are characterized using IR, NMR and CHN analysis. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
A simple and expedient method for the synthesis of ethyl 3‐amino‐4,6‐diarylthieno[2,3‐b]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate
Authors: Shah Hetal C. , Shah Vaishali H. , Desai Nirmal D. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image 2‐Chloro‐4,6‐diarylnicotinonitrile 1 was reacted with ethyl 2‐mercaptoacetate 2 to furnish ethyl 2‐(3‐cyano‐4,6‐diarylpyridin‐2‐ylthio)acetate 3 as intermediates. These intermediates were cyclized by Thorpe–Zeigler cyclization using solid–liquid phase‐transfer catalysis conditions to give ethyl 3‐amino‐4,6‐diarylthieno[2,3‐b]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate 4. One‐pot heterocyclization without isolating the intermediates was also achieved using solid–liquid phase transfer conditions. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
One‐pot synthesis of iimidazo[1,2‐c]quinazoline‐5(6H)‐thione and imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolin‐5(6H)‐one with the aid of tin(II) chloride
Authors: Wang Man‐Man , Dou Guo‐Lan , Shi Da‐Qing 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image An efficient, convenient, one‐pot synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazoline‐5(6H)‐thione and imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolin‐5(6H)‐one was accomplished in good yields via the novel reductive cyclization of 2‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐imidazoles with isothiocyanates or isocyanates mediated by SnCl2·2H2O system. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).