bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Implants Coated With Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 and Vacuum‐Dried Using the Critical‐Size Supraalveolar Peri‐Implant Defect Model in Dogs
Authors: Decker John F. , Lee Jaebum , Cortella Carlo Alberto , Polimeni Giuseppe , Rohrer Michael D. , Wozney John M. , Hall Jan , Susin Cristiano , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. 
Published: July 2010

Background: Endosseous implants coated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) in a laboratory bench setting and air‐dried induce relevant bone formation but also resident bone remodeling. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of implants fully or partially coated with rhBMP‐2 and vacuum‐dried using an industrial process on local bone formation and resident bone remodeling.Methods: Twelve male adult Hound Labrador mongrel dogs were used. Critical‐size, supraalveolar, peri‐implant defects received titanium porous oxide surface implants coated in their most coronal aspect with rhBMP‐2 (coronal‐load, six animals), or by immersion of the entire implant in a rhBMP‐2 solution (soak‐load, six animals) for a total of 30 μg rhBMP‐2 per implant. All implants were vacuum‐dried. The animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks for histometric evaluation.Results: Clinical healing was unremarkable. Bone formation was not significantly affected by the rhBMP‐2 application protocol. New bone height and area averaged (± SE) 3.2 ± 0.5 versus 3.6 ± 0.3 mm, and 2.3 ± 0.5 versus 2.6 ± 0.8 mm2 for coronal‐load and soak‐load implants, respectively (P >0.05). The corresponding bone density and bone–implant contact registrations averaged 46.7% ± 5.8% versus 31.6% ± 4.4%, and 28% ± 5.6% versus 36.9% ± 3.4% (P >0.05). In contrast, resident bone remodeling was significantly influenced by the rhBMP‐2 application protocol. Peri‐implant bone density averaged 72.2% ± 2.1% for coronal‐load versus 60.6% ± 4.7% for soak‐load implants (P <0.05); the corresponding bone–implant contact averaged 70.7% ± 6.1% versus 47.2% ± 6.0% (P <0.05).Conclusions: Local application of rhBMP‐2 and vacuum‐drying using industrial process seems to be a viable technology to manufacture implants that support local bone formation and osseointegration. Coronal‐load implants obviate resident bone remodeling without compromising local bone formation.
Root Coverage Esthetic Score After Treatment of Gingival Recession: An Interrater Agreement Multicenter Study
Authors: Cairo Francesco , Nieri Michele , Cattabriga Marcello , Cortellini Pierpaolo , De Paoli Sergio , De Sanctis Massimo , Fonzar Alberto , Francetti Luca , Merli Mauro , Rasperini Giulio , Silvestri Maurizio , Trombelli Leonardo , Zucchelli Giovanni , Pini‐Prato Giovan Paolo 
Published: July 2010

Background: The root coverage esthetic score (RES) system was proposed for evaluating esthetic outcomes of root coverage procedures. The aim of this multicenter study is to assess the interrater agreement of the RES among expert periodontists.Methods: Eleven periodontists were selected in different clinical centers. Each operator had ≥15 years of experience in mucogingival surgery. Each periodontist was trained to use RES before the beginning of the study. Subsequently, baseline and post‐treatment (6 months) photographs of 41 Class I and II gingival recessions in 41 patients were separately given to each operator who evaluated the outcomes according to the RES method. A two‐way random interclass correlation coefficient and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the global interrater agreement for RESs.Results: The total interrater agreement for RESs was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88 to 0.95), which indicated that an almost perfect agreement was achieved.Conclusion: Tested individually by a group of periodontists, the RES seems to be a reliable method for assessing the esthetic outcomes of root coverage procedures.
The Periodontal Examination Profile of General Dentists in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Ghiabi Edmond , Weerasinghe Swarna 
Published: July 2010

Background: In this cross‐sectional study we investigate the extent to which general dentists in Nova Scotia carry out periodontal examinations of their patients. In addition, factors that significantly influence performing a periodontal examination by a dentist are identified.Methods: A survey questionnaire was mailed to all 443 general dentists practicing in the province of Nova Scotia in the summer of 2009. The survey included questions on demographics and the various components of the periodontal examination. Simple and multiple logistic regression tests were used to analyze the results.Results: Of the 279 (63%) responses received, 272 (61%) responses were eligible to be included in the analyses. The majority of responders (94.8%) reported performing periodontal examinations of their patients. However, only 37.8% and 43.3% of the dentists reported performing full‐mouth and selective probing depth measurements, respectively. Dentists who practiced in urban locations (P = 0.05), dentists whose practices were situated <5 km from a periodontist (P = 0.08), and dentists who planned to take a continuing education course in periodontal plastic surgery in the next 2 years (P = 0.07) were more likely to perform a periodontal examination.Conclusions: Although the majority of dentists in our study report performing periodontal examinations of their patients, only a small portion report recording complete probing depth measurements or using appropriate radiographs in their examinations. These practices could lead to an underestimation of diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease.
The Medial Amygdalar Nucleus: A Novel Glucose-Sensing Region That Modulates the Counterregulatory Response to Hypoglycemia
Authors: Zhou Ligang , Podolsky Nina , Sang Zhen , Ding Yuyan , Fan Xiaoning , Tong Qingchun , Levin Barry E. , McCrimmon Rory J. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the medial amygdalar nucleus (MAN) represents a novel brain glucose-sensing region involved in the detection of hypoglycemia and generation of a counterregulatory hormone response.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Fura-2 calcium imaging was used to assess glucose responsivity in neurons isolated from the MAN and single-cell real-time reverse transcription PCR used to examine gene expression within glucose-responsive neurons. In vivo studies with local MAN perfusion of the glucoprivic agent, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), under normal and hypoglycemic conditions and also after MAN lesioning with ibotenic acid, were used to examine the functional role of MAN glucose sensors. In addition, retrograde neuronal tracer studies were used to examine reciprocal pathways between the MAN and the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH).

RESULTS
The MAN contains a population of glucose-sensing neurons (13.5%), which express glucokinase, and the selective urocortin 3 (UCN3) receptor CRH-R2, but not UCN3 itself. Lesioning the MAN suppressed, whereas 2-DG infusion amplified, the counterregulatory response to hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in vivo. However, 2-DG infusion to the MAN or VMH under normoglycemic conditions had no systemic effect. The VMH is innervated by UCN3 neurons that arise mainly from the MAN, and ∼1/3 of MAN UCN3 neurons are active during mild hypoglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS
The MAN represents a novel limbic glucose-sensing region that contains characteristic glucokinase-expressing glucose-sensing neurons that respond directly to manipulations of glucose availability both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, UCN3 neurons may provide feedback inhibitory regulation of the counterregulatory response through actions within the VMH and the MAN.
Calcium Dobesilate Inhibits the Alterations in Tight Junction Proteins and Leukocyte Adhesion to Retinal Endothelial Cells Induced by Diabetes
Authors: Leal Ermelindo C. , Martins João , Voabil Paula , Liberal Joana , Chiavaroli Carlo , Bauer Jacques , Cunha-Vaz José , Ambrósio António F. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVECalcium dobesilate (CaD) has been used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy in the last decades, but its mechanisms of action are not elucidated. CaD is able to correct the excessive vascular permeability in the retina of diabetic patients and in experimental diabetes. We investigated the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of CaD against the increase in blood–retinal barrier (BRB) permeability induced by diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWistar rats were divided into three groups: controls, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and diabetic rats treated with CaD. The BRB breakdown was evaluated using Evans blue. The content or distribution of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-5, and zonula occluden-1 [ZO-1]), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) was evaluated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Leukocyte adhesion was evaluated in retinal vessels and in vitro. Oxidative stress was evaluated by the detection of oxidized carbonyls and tyrosine nitration. NF-κB activation was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTSDiabetes increased the BRB permeability and retinal thickness. Diabetes also decreased occludin and claudin-5 levels and altered the distribution of ZO-1 and occludin in retinal vessels. These changes were inhibited by CaD treatment. CaD also inhibited the increase in leukocyte adhesion to retinal vessels or endothelial cells and in ICAM-1 levels, induced by diabetes or elevated glucose. Moreover, CaD decreased oxidative stress and p38 MAPK and NF-κB activation caused by diabetes.CONCLUSIONSCaD prevents the BRB breakdown induced by diabetes, by restoring tight junction protein levels and organization and decreasing leukocyte adhesion to retinal vessels. The protective effects of CaD are likely to involve the inhibition of p38 MAPK and NF-κB activation, possibly through the inhibition of oxidative/nitrosative stress.
Deletion of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Reduces Glomerulosclerosis and Preserves Renal Function in the Diabetic OVE26 Mouse
Authors: Reiniger Nina , Lau Kai , McCalla Daren , Eby Bonnie , Cheng Bin , Lu Yan , Qu Wu , Quadri Nosirudeen , Ananthakrishnan Radha , Furmansky Maryana , Rosario Rosa , Song Fei , Rai Vivek , Weinberg Alan , Friedman Richard , Ramasamy Ravichandran , D'Agati Vivette , Schmidt Ann Marie 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE
Previous studies showed that genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) prevents the early structural changes in the glomerulus associated with diabetic nephropathy. To overcome limitations of mouse models that lack the progressive glomerulosclerosis observed in humans, we studied the contribution of RAGE to diabetic nephropathy in the OVE26 type 1 mouse, a model of progressive glomerulosclerosis and decline of renal function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We bred OVE26 mice with homozygous RAGE knockout (RKO) mice and examined structural changes associated with diabetic nephropathy and used inulin clearance studies and albumin:creatinine measurements to assess renal function. Transcriptional changes in the Tgf-β1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene products were measured to investigate mechanisms underlying accumulation of mesangial matrix in OVE26 mice.

RESULTS
Deletion of RAGE in OVE26 mice reduced nephromegaly, mesangial sclerosis, cast formation, glomerular basement membrane thickening, podocyte effacement, and albuminuria. The significant 29% reduction in glomerular filtration rate observed in OVE26 mice was completely prevented by deletion of RAGE. Increased transcription of the genes for plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, Tgf-β1, Tgf-β–induced, and α1-(IV) collagen observed in OVE26 renal cortex was significantly reduced in OVE26 RKO kidney cortex. ROCK1 activity was significantly lower in OVE26 RKO compared with OVE26 kidney cortex.

CONCLUSIONS
These data provide compelling evidence for critical roles for RAGE in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and suggest that strategies targeting RAGE in long-term diabetes may prevent loss of renal function.
Variation at the NFATC2 Locus Increases the Risk of Thiazolidinedione-Induced Edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) Study
Authors: Bailey Swneke D. , Xie Changchun , Do Ron , Montpetit Alexandre , Diaz Rafael , Mohan Viswanathan , Keavney Bernard , Yusuf Salim , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Engert James C. , Anand Sonia ,   on behalf of the DREAM investigators
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE
Thiazolidinediones are used to treat type 2 diabetes. Their use has been associated with peripheral edema and congestive heart failure—outcomes that may have a genetic etiology.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We genotyped 4,197 participants of the multiethnic DREAM (Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication) trial with a 50k single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) array, which captures ∼2000 cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic genes. We tested 32,088 SNPs for an association with edema among Europeans who received rosiglitazone (n = 965).

RESULTS
One SNP, rs6123045, in NFATC2 was significantly associated with edema (odds ratio 1.89 [95% CI 1.47–2.42]; P = 5.32 × 10−7, corrected P = 0.017). Homozygous individuals had the highest edema rate (hazard ratio 2.89, P = 4.22 × 10−4) when compared with individuals homozygous for the protective allele, with heterozygous individuals having an intermediate risk. The interaction between the SNP and rosiglitazone for edema was significant (P = 7.68 × 10−3). Six SNPs in NFATC2 were significant in both Europeans and Latin Americans (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Genetic variation at the NFATC2 locus contributes to edema among individuals who receive rosiglitazone.
A Prospective Study of Calcaneal Bone Mineral Density in Acute Charcot Osteoarthropathy
Authors: Petrova Nina L. , Edmonds Michael E. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE
To measure prospectively bone mineral density (BMD) of the Charcot and non-Charcot foot in 36 diabetic patients presenting with acute Charcot osteoarthropathy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Calcaneal BMD was measured with quantitative ultrasound at presentation, at 3 months of casting, and at the time of the clinical resolution.

RESULTS
BMD of the Charcot foot was significantly reduced compared with BMD of the non-Charcot foot at presentation (P = 0.001), at 3 months of casting (P &lt; 0.001), and at the time of clinical resolution (P &lt; 0.001). Overall, from the time of presentation to the time of resolution there was a significant fall of BMD of the Charcot foot (P &lt; 0.001) but not of the non-Charcot foot (P = 0.439).

CONCLUSIONS
Although the Charcot foot was treated with casting until clinical resolution, there was a significant fall of BMD only from presentation up until 3 months of casting.
Association Between Fine Particulate Matter and Diabetes Prevalence in the U.S.
Authors: Pearson John F. , Bachireddy Chethan , Shyamprasad Sangameswaran , Goldfine Allison B. , Brownstein John S. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVERecent studies have drawn attention to the adverse effects of ambient air pollutants such as particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on human health. We evaluated the association between PM2.5 exposure and diabetes prevalence in the U.S. and explored factors that may influence this relationship.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe relationship between PM2.5 levels and diagnosed diabetes prevalence in the U.S. was assessed by multivariate regression models at the county level using data obtained from both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for years 2004 and 2005. Covariates including obesity rates, population density, ethnicity, income, education, and health insurance were collected from the U.S. Census Bureau and the CDC.RESULTSDiabetes prevalence increases with increasing PM2.5 concentrations, with a 1% increase in diabetes prevalence seen with a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure (2004: β = 0.77 [95% CI 0.39–1.25], P &lt; 0.001; 2005: β = 0.81 [0.48–1.07], P &lt; 0.001). This finding was confirmed for each study year in both univariate and multivariate models. The relationship remained consistent and significant when different estimates of PM2.5 exposure were used. Even for counties within guidelines for EPA PM2.5 exposure limits, those with the highest exposure showed a &gt;20% increase in diabetes prevalence compared with that for those with the lowest levels of PM2.5, an association that persisted after controlling for diabetes risk factors.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest PM2.5 may contribute to increased diabetes prevalence in the adult U.S. population. These findings add to the growing evidence that air pollution is a risk factor for diabetes.
On the erosion due to inclined jets
Authors: Minatti Lorenzo , Paris Enio , Solari Luca 
Published: July 2010

On the erosion due to inclined jets
Some preliminary experiments and studies regarding scour processes on a mobile bed caused by inclined jets issuing from a sluice gate are presented. Tests with submerged tailwater conditions have been carried out using different flow and geometric conditions. The investigated experimental conditions included different jet Froude numbers, inclinations and tailwater conditions. The bed configuration has been measured during the whole scour hole evolution process until the achievement of a dynamic steady state, where sediment motion was still possible even though it did not allow for any persistent change in the scour and ridge shapes anymore. On the basis of the observed sediment motion, two different patterns of flow seem to develop under the investigated conditions: one where the main flow remains attached to the bottom of the channel and another where it oscillates between the aforementioned configuration and a surface jet. Some relevant parameters have been identified and used to plot graphs showing their correlation and trends.
Effects of liquid pig manure fertilization on the density and species structure of Oribatida (Acari) and green forage yield in a lowland meadow in Poland
Authors: Wasińska-Graczyk Beata , Seniczak Stanisław , Graczyk Radomir 
Published: July 2010

Effects of liquid pig manure fertilization on the density and species structure of Oribatida (Acari) and green forage yield in a lowland meadow in Poland
The effect of liquid pig manure fertilization, with or without the disinfectant VIT-TRA, on oribatid communities was investigated in a lowland meadow in Poland. The disinfectant was tested at 3 concentrations: 0.50% (fungicidal), 0.75% (bactericidal), and 3.00% (viricidal). Liquid pig manure without the disinfectant increased the green forage yield along with increasing doses of this fertilizer, while addition of disinfectants affected the yield in different ways. Low and medium doses of fertilizer (20 and 40 m3·ha-1) with fungicide slightly decreased the yield, while the high dose (60 m3·ha-1) usually increased it, as compared to the control. Low and medium doses of liquid pig manure, treated or not with disinfectants, decreased the abundance of oribatid mites. In contrast, the high dose increased their abundance, except for the plot with a high dose of viricide, where they were slightly less abundant than in the control. In the investigated meadow, Liebstadia humerata, Parachipteria bella and Scheloribates laevigatus were abundant, but reacted negatively to low and medium doses of liquid pig manure treated or not with disinfectants, and positively only to the high dose of fertilizer treated with fungicide and bactericide, as compared to the control plot.
Effects of salt stress on proline content, expression of delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, and activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in transgenic tobacco plants
Authors: Razavizadeh Roya , Ehsanpour Ali 
Published: July 2010

Effects of salt stress on proline content, expression of delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, and activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in transgenic tobacco plants
In arid and semiarid regions, soil salinity limits crop production. Proline accumulation in transgenic plants results in increased stress tolerance, but the underlying mechanism was unclear. To elucidate it, effects of salt stress on the expression pattern of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), proline content, catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were analyzed in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin). Transgenic tobacco plants containing CaMV 35S promoter and the P5CS gene from moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia), linked to the NPTII gene, were cultured in vitro with or without 300 mM NaCl. The expression pattern of P5CS was evaluated using semiquantitative RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). Time-course experiments showed an increase in proline content after 4 h of the treatment. The level of P5CS transcripts was increased significantly in leaves and roots of transgenic plants after 24 and 48 h of treatment. This rise in transcripts was concomitant with the highest increase in proline content. In addition, CAT and APX activities increased under salt stress, and their highest activities were observed after 24 and 48 h of NaCl treatment. These results suggest that P5CS is an inducible gene regulating the activities of CAT and APX and the accumulation of proline in plants subjected to salt stress.
Oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of steppe vegetation on cape Tarhankut in Crimea (Ukraine)
Authors: Seniczak Stanisław , Kaczmarek Sławomir , Seniczak Anna 
Published: July 2010

Oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of steppe vegetation on cape Tarhankut in Crimea (Ukraine)
Oribatid mites were investigated in patches of steppe vegetation, dominated by esparto (Stipa sp.), other grasses, Artemisia caucasica, Sedum sp., mosses, or lichens, on cape Tarhankut in Crimea (Mediterranean climate). These mites were quite abundant and rich in species there, probably thanks to the fresh sea breeze and geographic expansion of species from the Mediterranean region, Central Asia, and Europe. They achieved the highest density in patches of steppe grasses other than esparto, but most species occurred in sedum patches. The most abundant was Tectocepheus velatus, especially in patches of steppe grasses other than esparto, and relatively abundant were Scutovertex sp. 1, Jacotella neonominata and Scheloribates laevigatus. In populations of these species the adults usually dominated, but their age structure greatly depended on vegetation type.
Vegetation structure and ecological characteristics of forest of North Andaman Islands (India)
Authors: Prasad P. , Sringeswara A. , Reddy C. , Kumari P. , Varalakshmi R. , Raza S. , Dutt C. 
Published: July 2010

Vegetation structure and ecological characteristics of forest of North Andaman Islands (India)
In this study, 3-ha research plots were established, one each in evergreen, semi-evergreen, and moist deciduous forests of North Andaman Islands. These 3 vegetation types were selected to study the structural aspects of plant diversity in forest communities. Our results showed high species richness and basal area in evergreen forest, high diversity in semi-evergreen forest, and high tree density (trees ha-1) in moist deciduous forest. At family level, the Anacardiaceae and Sterculiaceae dominated all the forest types, and were distributed throughout the North Andaman Islands. In the 3 forest communities, most species exhibited clumped spatial distribution, while random distribution ranked second. Tree girth class distribution revealed a decreasing number of trees with increasing girth class, indicating natural regeneration of these forest types. The species-area curve clearly reached a plateau at 3-ha area in respect of species number, supporting the adequacy of the large plot size selected in the present investigation. The study recorded a total of 136 tree species in the 3 forest communities and was higher than in many other tropical forest sites. The vegetation analysis of 3-ha plot in 3 different forest types substantially contributed data on North Andaman site potentiality, with reference to its species richness and diversity.