bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why solidarity matters (and sociability doesn't): The effects of perceived organizational culture on expatriation adjustment
Authors: Pinto Luisa Helena , Cabral‐Cardoso Carlos , Werther William B. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between perceived organizational culture and cross‐cultural adjustment. Using the organizational culture framework of Goffee and Jones (1996, 1998) that describes organizational culture as the intersection of sociability (e.g., the level of friendliness and socialization between organization members) and solidarity (e.g., the commonality of interests and goals among organization members), this research examines home and host organizational culture as they affect expatriation adjustment regardless of culture novelty (e.g., national cultural differences). The data were obtained through a self‐administered questionnaire filled in by 166 expatriates from 29 nationalities and assigned to 39 countries. The analyses showed that perceived home and host solidarity predicts expatriates' work and general adjustment, though not interactional adjustment. These results confirm that perceived organizational culture is a predictor of expatriation cross‐cultural adjustment. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of a local host on the success of an international assignment
Authors: van Bakel Marian , Gerritsen Marinel , van Oudenhoven Jan Pieter 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis longitudinal study examined whether contact with a local host in the Netherlands positively impacts on the adjustment and performance of “Western” expatriates with English or French as their first language. Thirty‐one expatriates were put in contact with a Dutch host with whom they would have regular contact over nine months; another 30 similar expatriates would have no contact with a host. After a five‐month period of contact with a host, there was a positive impact on interaction adjustment. The results also indicated that expatriates who valued the contact highly derived more benefit from it. Contact with a host seems to be especially worthwhile for expatriates who have to deal with host nationals on a daily basis. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Businesswoman networking: An Eastern perspective
Authors: Alserhan Baker Ahmad , Al‐Waqfi Mohammed A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNetworking studies remain limited, often overlooking key structure, content, and cultural issues. This article attempts to fill the gap through describing the networking attributes of composition (who), motives (why), faste and methods (how), and network building and maintenance. Results show that (1) businesswomen indicated a preference for male networks, (2) formal networks were more socially accepted, and (3) online networks are becoming popular. Finally, although businesswomen need to extend their networking activities through participating in mainstream networks, cultural limitations on intergender interactions need to be considered; imposing a specific networking model (i.e., male‐dominated) might force women into more isolation. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimal turbine spacing in fully developed wind farm boundary layers
Authors: Meyers Johan , Meneveau Charles 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTAs wind farms become larger, the asymptotic limit of the ‘fully developed’, or ‘infinite’, wind farm has been receiving an increased interest. This limit is relevant for wind farms on flat terrain whose length exceeds the height of the atmospheric boundary layer by over an order of magnitude. Recent computational studies based on large eddy simulation have identified various mean velocity equilibrium layers and have led to parameterizations of the effective roughness height that allow the prediction of the wind velocity at hub height as a function of parameters such as wind turbine spacing and loading factors. In the current paper, we employ this as a tool in making predictions of optimal wind turbine spacing as a function of these parameters, as well as in terms of the ratio of turbine costs to land surface costs. For realistic cost ratios, we find that the optimal average turbine spacing may be considerably higher than that conventionally used in current wind farm implementations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A developmental perspective on the Virginia Student Threat Assessment Guidelines
Authors: Cornell Dewey G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Virginia Student Threat Assessment Guidelines were developed to help multidisciplinary school‐based teams use a decision tree to evaluate student threats and take appropriate preventive action. A main goal of this approach is to allow school‐based teams to recognize and respond to the developmental complexities of children and adolescents without resorting to the use of zero tolerance discipline. The model takes a triage approach that involves progressively more extensive assessment and intervention according to the severity of the threat and the student's intentions. The article summarizes two field test studies of the model, a study of training effects on staff attitudes and knowledge about violence prevention, and a quasi‐experimental study showing that secondary schools using the model enjoyed a more positive school climate characterized by less bullying and greater willingness among students to seek help for threats of violence.
Prevention of homicidal violence in schools in Germany: The Berlin Leaking Project and the Networks Against School Shootings Project (NETWASS)
Authors: Leuschner Vincenz , Bondü Rebecca , Schroer‐Hippel Miriam , Panno Jennifer , Neumetzler Katharina , Fisch Sarah , Scholl Johanna , Scheithauer Herbert 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSince 1999, Germany has experienced at least twelve serious cases of targeted school violence. This article describes two projects designed to fill the gap between universal prevention and emergency response in preventing severe forms of school violence in Germany. The Berlin Leaking Project examined the viability of preventive efforts based on early identification of leaking behavior that often precedes targeted school attacks. Leaking refers to any behavior or communication that indicates a student is preparing to carry out a violent attack. This would include explicit or implied threats of violence, apparent fascination with prior acts of violence such as Columbine, and any evidence of planning or preparation to carry out an attack. The NETWASS project will test a training program and intervention strategy based on those findings, examining the usefulness of a threat assessment approach to prevent violence by training teachers to recognize leaking behavior by students. This approach is extended by training teachers on a larger scale to identify leaking and then having a school‐based team evaluate the student and initiate appropriate interventions, such as mental health services, and in some cases, law enforcement action.
The role of law enforcement in schools: The Virginia experience—A practitioner report
Authors: Clark Steven 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAlthough there has been little academic research on the impact of placing police officers in schools, this practice has grown substantially in response to school shootings and other violent crimes in schools. With a standardized training program since 1999, the state of Virginia has law enforcement officers working in approximately 88 percent of Virginia's 631 secondary schools. Based on this experience, the state training coordinator describes how police officers should be selected and prepared to work as school resource officers. The success of school‐based law enforcement requires careful selection and specialized training of officers who can adapt to the school culture and work collaboratively with school authorities.
Recurrent issues in efforts to prevent homicidal youth violence in schools: Expert opinions
Authors: Dill Karen E. , Redding Richard E. , Smith Peter K. , Surette Ray , Cornell Dewey G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDevelopmental research on social influences on adolescents can guide practices aimed to prevent homicidal youth violence. School shootings have repeatedly raised questions about the contributory role of bullying and entertainment violence, how news media publicity might produce copycat crimes, and whether stiffer criminal sanctions might have a deterrent effect. This article presents the thoughts and recommendations of a group of experts on these topics summarizing the current knowledge base. In brief, bullying reduction programs may be a useful early prevention effort. Television and video games with violent themes can encourage aggressive behavior, but these media can be used to teach more prosocial behavior as well. The potential copycat effects of highly publicized crimes might be diminished with more restrained reporting, although more research is needed. Finally, there is substantial evidence that increased criminal sanctions for youthful offenders have not had a deterrent effect.
Imidazolium‐Based Zwitterionic Butane‐1‐sulfonates: Synthesis and Properties of 4‐(1‐(2‐Cyanoethyl)imidazolium)butane‐1‐sulfonate and Crystal Structures of 4‐(1‐Alkylimidazolium)butane‐1‐sulfonates (Alkyl = Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl)
Authors: Peppel Tim , Köckerling Martin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reaction of 1‐alkylimidazoles (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2‐cyanoethyl) with 1,4‐butane sultone in equimolar stoichiometry resulted in the formation of 4‐(1‐methylimidazolium)butane‐1‐sulfonate SBMIm, 4‐(1‐ethylimidazolium)butane‐1‐sulfonate SBEIm, 4‐(1‐propylimidazolium)butane‐1‐sulfonate SBPIm, and 4‐(1‐(2‐cyanoethyl)imidazolium)butane‐1‐sulfonate SBCNEtIm, respectively, in high yields. Properties of these four imidazolium‐based zwitterionic compounds were investigated with respect to question of their use as suitable precursors for Ionic Liquids. The structures of the compounds SBMIm, SBEIm, and SBPIm were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. SBMIm and SBEIm crystallize both in the triclinic space group P$\bar{1}$, SBMIm: a = 8.4454(6), b = 8.4492(6), c = 8.7532(7) Å, α = 66.610(2), β = 66.235(2), γ = 70.625(2)°, Z = 2, R1(F)/wR2(F2) = 0.0279/0.0832; SBEIm: a = 8.4359(2), b = 8.5900(2), c = 8.6790(2) Å, α = 73.487(2), β = 71.228(1), γ = 70.979(2)°, Z = 2, R1(F)/wR2(F2) = 0.0333/0.0820; SBPIm with monoclinic symmetry, space group P21/c: Z = 4; a = 7.2979(3), b = 17.5312(8), c = 9.5682(4) Å, β = 90.922(3)°, R1(F)/wR2(F2) = 0.0507/0.1198.
Gender effects in pain detection: Speed and accuracy in decoding female and male pain expressions
Authors: Riva Paolo , Sacchi Simona , Montali Lorenzo , Frigerio Alessandra 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe ability to detect facial expressions of pain is crucial in eliciting prosocial behaviors towards the individual experiencing pain. Previous studies have shown that the sufferers' gender can affect the observers' explicit judgment of the pain face, thus suggesting its possible influence on pain decoding. The present study investigates whether the sufferer's gender affects the observer's reflexive or implicit detection of facial expression of pain. More specifically, we used implicit measures to test whether observers detect pained expression more quickly or accurately on male or female faces. In three experimental studies, we devised a set of stimuli using computer‐generated faces. In Experiment 1, prototypical female and male avatars with different facial expressions (pain, anger, disgust, and neutral) were displayed, while subjects' (N =34) accuracy and speed at identifying the expressions were recorded. In Experiment 2, participants (N =56) watched videos of the avatars displaying dynamic expressions and had to quickly and accurately identify each expression. In Experiment 3, participants (N =38) were shown an androgynous avatar face showing different expressions and were asked to identify the face as either female or male. Overall, we found that the target's gender affected the observer's reflexive decoding of the facial expression of pain. Specifically, the results showed that participants, regardless of their gender, were slower and less accurate in recognizing pain expressions (but not other expressions) on female faces. Furthermore, androgynous faces displaying pained expressions were more likely to be categorized as male than female. Several potential explanations are discussed.
Can supporting a cause decrease donations and happiness? The cause marketing paradox
Authors: Krishna Aradhna 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn two laboratory and one pilot field study, we demonstrate that cause marketing, whereby firms link products with a cause and share proceeds with it, reduces charitable giving by consumers, even when it is costless to the consumer to buy on CM (versus not); further, instead of increasing total contribution to the cause, it can decrease it. Consumers appear to realize that participating in cause marketing is inherently more selfish than direct charitable donation, and are less happy if they substitute cause marketing for charitable giving. Our results suggest that egoistic and empathetic altruism may have different effects on happiness.
Historical Institutionalism in International Relations
Authors: Fioretos Orfeo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article reviews recent contributions to International Relations (IR) that engage the substantive concerns of historical institutionalism and explicitly and implicitly employ that tradition's analytical features to address fundamental questions in the study of international affairs. It explores the promise of this tradition for new research agendas in the study of international political development, including the origin of state preferences, the nature of governance gaps, and the nature of change and continuity in the international system. The article concludes that the analytical and substantive profiles of historical institutionalism can further disciplinary maturation in IR, and it proposes that the field be more open to the tripartite division of institutional theories found in other subfields of Political Science.
Before Hegemony: Generalized Trust and the Creation and Design of International Security Organizations
Authors: Rathbun Brian C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRationalist accounts of international cooperation maintain that states create international institutions to solve problems of distrust. They rest on a particular notion of trust, a strategic variety in which states trust based on information about others' interests. I seek to overturn this conventional wisdom. Drawing on social psychology, I point to the importance of generalized trust, an ideological belief about the trustworthiness of others in general. Generalized trust precedes institution-building and serves as a form of anarchical social capital, facilitating diffuse reciprocity and allowing state leaders to commit to multilateralism even in cases that rationalists deem inhospitable to cooperation and without the institutional protections that rationalists expect. In case studies of U.S. policy on the creation of the League of Nations and the United Nations, I demonstrate that generalized trust is necessary for explaining the origins of American multilateralism and the design of these organizations.
Pumpkin fruit, seed and oil yield is independent of fruit or seed photosynthesis
Authors: KREFT M. , BERDEN-ZRIMEC M. , ZRIMEC A. , KREFT M. ERDANI , KREFT I. , KREFT S. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYSummer pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) is an herbaceous plant with big fruits and oily seeds. Photosynthetic oxygen release was previously proposed to promote storage activity of seeds under internal hypoxia, in particular in oilseeds. Photosynthetic activity or any other function of chlorophylls from pumpkin seeds has never been demonstrated. The aim of the present research was to test whether illumination of pumpkin fruits has any influence on the yield and to measure photosynthetic activity of pumpkin seeds. The fruits grown in the dark were not significantly different from controls exposed to light in regard to fruit weight, size, number and weight of seeds or the content of lipids and pigments. Delayed fluorescence measurement showed no photosynthetic activity in pumpkin seeds in any developmental stage. Fruit wall, on the other hand, had significant photosynthetic activity. It is concluded that chlorophyll in pumpkin seeds does not mediate photosynthesis, which would in turn result in increased pumpkin yield.
Multiblock modelling to assess the overall risk factors for a composite outcome
Authors: BOUGEARD S. , LUPO C. , Le BOUQUIN S. , CHAUVIN C. , QANNARI E. M. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYResearch in epidemiology may be concerned with assessing risk factors for complex health issues described by several variables. Moreover, epidemiological data are usually organized in several blocks of variables, consisting of a block of variables to be explained and a large number of explanatory variables organized in meaningful blocks. Usual statistical procedures such as generalized linear models do not allow the explanation of a multivariate outcome, such as a complex disease described by several variables, with a single model. Moreover, it is not easy to take account of the organization of explanatory variables into blocks. Here we propose an innovative method in the multiblock modelling framework, called multiblock redundancy analysis, which is designed to handle most specificities of complex epidemiological data. Overall indices and graphical displays associated with different interpretation levels are proposed. The interest and relevance of multiblock redundancy analysis is illustrated using a dataset pertaining to veterinary epidemiology.
Spatio-temporal patterns of diarrhoeal mortality in Mexico
Authors: ALONSO W. J. , ACUÑA-SOTO R. , GIGLIO R. , NUCKOLS J. , LEYK S. , SCHUCK-PAIM C. , VIBOUD C. , MILLER M. A. , McCORMICK B. J. J. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYDiarrhoeal mortality rates in Mexican children dramatically declined during the 1980s and 1990s, concomitant with a temporal shift in peak deaths from summer to autumn–winter. The spatial dynamics of these patterns have not previously been studied. We first describe the seasonal features of paediatric diarrhoeal mortality in Mexico as a whole, then across individual states. While no geographical gradients in the magnitude of diarrhoeal mortality rates have been detected in recent years, we identified a distinct spatial pattern in the timing of peak mortality rate. In the 1980s the summer peak mortality was earliest around Mexico's capital and later in states to the southeast and northwest. Our results suggest that the direction and timing of those annual waves are related to the mean monthly precipitation and mean daily temperature. This pattern has disintegrated in recent years as the summer peak has diminished.
Molecular characterization of capsular polysaccharides and surface protein genes in relation to genetic similarity of group B streptococci isolated from Polish pregnant women
Authors: BRZYCHCZY-WŁOCH M. , GOSIEWSKI T. , BODASZEWSKA-LUBAS M. , ADAMSKI P. , HECZKO P. B. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYSerotyping, subtyping and genotyping are important tools for epidemiological studies of group B streptococci (GBS). We investigated the genotype distribution of 353 GBS isolates originating from vaginal or rectal carriage to identify capsular serotypes and subtypes based on the surface protein genes of the alpha-like protein (Alp) family. GBS were recovered from 30% of 1176 pregnant women during the period 2007–2009, with a predominance of capsular genotypes III (35%), Ia (20%), V (17%), II (15%), Ib (8%) and IV (5%). The most common Alp gene wasepsilon(26%), followed byrib(22%),alp2(21%),bca(17%) andalp3(14%). Several protein genes were significantly associated (G2=249·635,P<0·0001) with particular serotypes:epsilonwith Ia, Ib, IV;bcawith Ib, II;ribwith II, III;alp3with V;alp2with III. High genetic diversity within GBS strains was observed using DNA macrorestriction. Serotypes Ib, II and III demonstrated the greatest genetic heterogeneity and serotype V the lowest heterogeneity (relative frequency coefficient ⩾0·03vs. −0·46, respectively). Macrolide-resistant strains with serotype V andalp3gene, showed higher uniformity in genetic profile. The distribution of serotypes and surface proteins of GBS strains are necessary data to inform the design and formulation of new GBS vaccines for use in Poland and other countries.
Reich in Blackface:Oh Dem Watermelonsand Radical Minstrelsy in the 1960s
Authors: GOPINATH SUMANTH 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis essay undertakes an examination of Steve Reich's music for Robert Nelson's filmOh Dem Watermelons(1965), which was originally conceived as part of the San Francisco Mime Troupe's controversial productionA Minstrel Show, or Civil Rights in a Cracker Barrelof the same year. Reich's long-neglected soundtrack deserves reconsideration for its formative role in the development of the composer's musical style and quasi-liberationist aesthetic at the time, for its participation within what I term the “minstrel avant-garde” in the Bay Area during the mid-1960s and the postmodern revival of blackface minstrelsy more generally, and as a reference point in reflecting upon Reich's professional and political trajectory since its composition.
“We Both Speak African”: A Dialogic Study of Afro-Cuban Jazz
Authors: GARCÍA DAVID 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFrom 1947 to 1948 the Dizzy Gillespie orchestra with Chano Pozo produced some of the most important recordings that contributed to the development of Afro-Cuban jazz. Pozo had already led a successful career as a professional musician in Havana before he moved to New York City, where he met Gillespie and joined his bebop big band. The integration of a black Cuban percussionist into Gillespie's all-black band raises important questions about the racial politics enveloping the popularization of bebop, Afro-Cuban jazz, and the work of others in contemporaneous political, cultural, and intellectual arenas. This article provides new documentation of Pozo's performances with the Gillespie band in the United States and Europe and shows the ideological concerns that Pozo and Gillespie shared with West African political and cultural activists, Melville Herskovists and his students, and early jazz historians in the 1940s. The article suggests an alternative methodology for scholarship on jazz in the United States that approaches jazz's extensive engagements with Cuban and other Afro-Atlantic musicians as embodying the crux of jazz's place in the Afro-Atlantic.