bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for Depression with a Brief Questionnaire in a Primary Care Setting: Validation of the Two Questions with Help Question (Malay Version)
Authors: Mohd-Sidik Sherina , Arroll Bruce , Goodyear-Smith Felicity , Zain Azhar M. D. 
Published: April 2011

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the two questions with help question (TQWHQ) in the Malay language. The two questions are case-finding questions on depression, and a question on whether help is needed was added to increase the specificity of the two questions. Method: This cross sectional validation study was conducted in a government funded primary care clinic in Malaysia. The participants included 146 consecutive women patients receiving no psychotropic drugs and who were Malay speakers. The main outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios of the two questions, the help question, and combination of the two questions and help question. Results: The two questions showed a sensitivity of 99% (95% confidence interval 88% to 99.9%) and a specificity of 70% (62% to 78%), respectively. The likelihood ratio for a positive test was 3.3 (2.5 to 4.5) and the likelihood ratio for a negative test was 0.01 (0.00 to 0.57). The addition of the help question to the two questions increased the specificity to 95% (89% to 98%). Conclusion: The two questions on depression detected most cases of depression in this study. The questions have the advantage of brevity. The addition of the help question increased the specificity of the two questions. Based on these findings, the TQWHQ can be strongly recommended for detection of depression in government primary care clinics in Malaysia. Translation did not appear to affect the validity of the TQWHQ.
Depression and Reasons for Living among Aids Patients: Protecting Quality of Life When the End is in Sight
Authors: Braden Abby L. , Overholser James C. , Silverman Eden 
Published: April 2011

Background: Patients with AIDS are at risk for becoming depressed, pessimistic, and may begin to desire to die. The desire to live may remain strong in AIDS patients through the maintenance of physical health and a lack of pain. However, improvement in physical health is not always followed by resurgence in the will to live. Psychological variables may be important for protecting reasons for living in AIDS patients. Aims: The current study was designed to examine protective factors associated with the will to live among AIDS patients, including physical functioning, depression, and quality of life. Method: Sixty-eight AIDS patients participated in the current study during their outpatient visits to an infectious disease unit. Self-report questionnaires were administered to assess depression, quality of life, a variety of physical health variables, and reasons for living. Results: Analyses revealed that reasons for living reported by AIDS patients were best understood by overall quality of life. Depression was associated with pessimistic beliefs about the medical illness. Depression was not significantly related to physical functioning or role limitations. Conclusions: AIDS patients with poor physical functioning may maintain important reasons for living if a high sense of quality of life is achieved. The assessment and treatment of quality of life in AIDS patients should include strategies that foster a sense of achievement, strengthen interpersonal relationships, and increase positive self-expression.
Association between Psychopathological Factors and Joint Hypermobility Syndrome in a Group of Undergraduates from a French University
Authors: Baeza-Velasco Carolina , Gely-Nargeot Marie-Christine , Vilarrasa Antonio Bulbena , Fenetrier Caroline , Bravo Jaime F. 
Published: April 2011

Objective: To explore the frequency of Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (JHS) among university students and assess whether a relationship exists between this collagen condition and certain psychological variables. Method: A cross-sectional sample of 365 undergraduates at a French university was assessed with the Brighton's criteria for JHS, Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: 39.5% of the participants met Brighton's criteria for JHS. Scores of somatosensory amplification were higher among participants with JHS ( t = −2.98; p = 0.03) independent of gender. Female participants with JHS had higher scores in depression ( t = −2.01; p = 0.04) and general anxiety ( t = −2.35; p = 0.01) than women without JHS. The percentage of males with a medium/high level of social anxiety was greater among participants with JHS (78.6% vs. 41.7%; χ2 = 6.18; p = 0.01). Logistic regression demonstrated that male sex and low level of somatosensory amplification are variables contrary to the presence of JHS. Conclusion: JHS is a frequent condition among young people evaluated. JHS is associated with psychological distress and higher levels of somatosensory amplification.
Toxic effects and antitumor response of gemcitabine in combination with piroxicam treatment in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder
Authors: Marconato Laura , Zini Eric , Lindner Donna , Suslak-Brown Lisa , Nelson Victoria , Jeglum Ann K. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Objective—To investigate whether combined treatment with gemcitabine and piroxicam in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder is tolerated and provides an advantage in terms of survival time over previously reported treatments.
Design—Clinical trial.
Animals—38 dogs with TCC of the urinary bladder.
Procedures—Dogs were treated with gemcitabine (800 mg/m2, IV over 30 to 60 minutes, q 7 d) and piroxicam (0.3 mg/kg [0.14 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h). Complete blood cell counts were monitored prior to each gemcitabine treatment. All toxic effects of gemcitabine in dogs were recorded. Primary tumors were ultrasonographically reevaluated after 4 gemcitabine treatments.
Results—Dogs received a median of 8 gemcitabine treatments (range, 1 to 38 treatments/dog). In response to treatment, 10 of 38 (26.3%) dogs had grade 1 gastrointestinal tract signs, 11 (28.9%) had grade 2, and 5 (13.2%) had grade 3. Grade 1 neutropenia developed in 6 (15.8%) dogs and grade 2 and 3 neutropenia in 2 (5.3%) dogs each. Thrombocytopenia was rare. All dogs had improvement of clinical signs of disease. Two dogs had a complete tumor response, 8 had a partial response, 19 had stable disease, and 8 had progressive disease. Median survival time with treatment was 230 days.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of gemcitabine in combination with piroxicam treatment failed to provide a longer overall survival time in dogs with TCC of the urinary bladder, compared with previously reported treatment strategies. However, this combination of chemotherapy did provide a new treatment alternative with fewer adverse effects.
Association of hypertriglyceridemia with insulin resistance in healthy Miniature Schnauzers
Authors: Xenoulis Panagiotis G. , Levinski Melinda D. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Jörg M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether hypertriglyceridemia in Miniature Schnauzers is associated with insulin resistance.
Design—Case-control study.
Animals—28 Miniature Schnauzers with hypertriglyceridemia and 31 Miniature Schnauzers for which serum triglyceride concentrations were within the reference range (control dogs).
Procedures—All dogs had no history of chronic disease, were free of clinical signs for at least 3 months prior to blood collection, and were not receiving any medications known to affect lipid metabolism or serum insulin concentration. Food was withheld from each dog for ≥ 12 hours; a 5- to 10-mL blood sample was collected and allowed to clot to obtain serum. Serum insulin and glucose concentrations were measured, and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) score was calculated (ie, [basal serum insulin concentration {mU/L} × basal serum glucose concentration {mmol/L}]/22.5).
Results—Median serum insulin concentration was significantly higher in hypertriglyceridemic Miniature Schnauzers (21.3 mU/L) than it was in control dogs (12.5 mU/L). The percentage of dogs with high serum insulin concentrations was significantly greater in the hypertriglyceridemic group (28.6%) than it was in the control group (6.5%; odds ratio, 5.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 30.2). Median HOMA score for hypertriglyceridemic Miniature Schnauzers (4.9) was significantly higher than that for control dogs (2.8).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that hypertriglyceridemia in Miniature Schnauzers is often associated with insulin resistance. Further studies are needed to determine the prevalence and clinical importance of insulin resistance in hypertriglyceridemic Miniature Schnauzers.
Description and genetic analysis of three sets of monozygotic twins resulting from transfers of single embryos to recipient mares
Authors: Mancill Semira S. , Blodgett Glenn , Arnott Robert J. , Alvarenga Marco , Love Charles C. , Hinrichs Katrin 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Case Description—3 sets of monozygotic twins resulting from transfers of single embryos to recipient mares were examined.
Clinical Findings—In all 3 recipient mares with twin pregnancies, only 1 embryonic vesicle was detected before day 25 of gestation. In 1 recipient mare, 2 apparent adjacent vesicles, each containing an embryo with a heartbeat, were visualized on ultrasonographic examination on day 37 of gestation. The other 2 recipient mares underwent ultrasonographic examination on day 30 of gestation, at which time only 1 vesicle and embryo was identified. In these latter 2 recipient mares, however, a thorough ultrasonographic examination for a second conceptus on day 30 had not been performed, as only 1 embryo had been transferred and visualized on early ultrasonographic examination.
Treatment and Outcome—All twin pregnancies resulted in death of both fetuses. Genetic analysis confirmed that each set of monozygotic twins originated from the transferred embryo.
Clinical Relevance—Monozygotic twin pregnancy may occur after embryo transfer; thus recipient mares should be examined thoroughly for multiple conceptuses, especially between 25 and 30 days of gestation. At this time, the allantoides of monozygotic twins should be visible ultrasonographically and effective management may still be possible.
Intra- and interobserver variability of board-certified veterinary radiologists and veterinary general practitioners for pulmonary nodule detection in standard and inverted display mode images of digital thoracic radiographs of dogs
Authors: Reese David J. , Green Eric M. , Zekas Lisa J. , Flores Jane E. , Hill Lawrence N. , Winter Matthew D. , Berry Clifford R. , Ackerman Norman 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine intra- and interobserver variability of 2 veterinary radiologists and 2 veterinary general practitioners for detection of pulmonary nodules in standard and inverted (reversed grayscale) displays of digital thoracic radiographs of dogs.
Design—Evaluation study.
Sample—114 sets of 3-view (right lateral, left lateral, and ventrodorsal or dorsoventral views) digital thoracic radiographs from 114 dogs.
Procedures—2 experienced board-certified veterinary radiologists and 2 experienced veterinary general practitioners individually evaluated 114 randomized sets of radiographs. Pulmonary nodules were present in radiographs of 60 of 114 dogs. Each reviewer examined all images in standard or inverted display mode and scored nodule detection on a confidence scale of 1 to 5. After ≥ 2 months, the same individuals evaluated the same images in the remaining display mode. Intraobserver agreement for each display mode was determined via a κ statistic; results between the 2 groups of reviewers were compared via receiver operator curve analysis.
Results—There was no significant intraobserver variability in pulmonary nodule detection between the 2 display modes. Detection accuracy for board-certified radiologists was significantly greater than that of veterinary general practitioners for both display modes. Near-perfect intraobserver agreement was detected between the 2 display modes for board-certified radiologists, whereas moderate to slight intraobserver agreement was detected for the veterinary general practitioners.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Detection of pulmonary nodules in digital thoracic radiographs was comparable, whether a standard or inverted mode was used for evaluations. However, the board-certified radiologists had greater detection accuracy than did veterinary general practitioners.
Spine-shortening osteotomy for patients with tethered cord syndrome caused by lipomyelomeningocele
Authors: Kokubun Shoichi , Ozawa Hiroshi , Aizawa Toshimi , Ly Ngo Minh , Tanaka Yasuhisa 
Published: April 2011

Object
Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is a disorder involving an abnormal stretching of the tethered spinal cord caused by several pathological conditions and presents with a variety of neurological symptoms. Untethering (tethered cord release) is the gold standard treatment for TCS. However, untethering carries risks of spinal cord injury and postoperative retethering. To avoid these potential risks, the authors applied spine-shortening osteotomy to adult patients with TCS, and report on the surgical procedure and treatment outcomes.

Methods
Eight patients with TCS caused by a lipomyelomeningocele were surgically treated by the authors' original procedure of spine-shortening osteotomy. Six patients were male and 2 were females; average age at the time of surgery was 31 years old. Spine-shortening osteotomy was performed at the level of L-1 in all but 2 patients, in whom it was performed at T-12, with spinal fusion between T-12 and L-2 or T-11 and L-1 using a pedicle screw–rod system. The average follow-up period was 6.2 years and the patients' pre- and postoperative conditions were evaluated clinically and radiologically.

Results
Preoperatively, all patients displayed severe neurological deficits such as motor disturbance, muscle atrophy, and bladder dysfunction. Several months before surgery, all showed progressive symptoms. Those symptoms showed initial improvement in 6 patients and stabilized in 2 postoperatively, but the improved symptoms worsened again in 4 of the 6 patients. The osteotomized vertebrae were shortened by 21 mm on average, and all spines showed complete bone union without loss of correction. At the final follow-up evaluations, 6 patients showed stabilization as per the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score for thoracic myelopathy.

Conclusions
Spine-shortening osteotomy successfully helps reduce the spinal cord tension without causing direct neural damage. At minimum, it stabilized the patients' symptoms and/or helped delay neurological deterioration for a period of time. Spine-shortening osteotomy might be a feasible mode of treatment for adult TCS caused by a spinal lipoma.
Frameless deep brain stimulation using intraoperative O-arm technology
Authors: Smith Adam P. , Bakay Roy A. E. 
Published: April 2011

Object
Correct lead location in the desired target has been proven to be a strong influential factor for good clinical outcome in deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. Commonly, a surgeon's first reliable assessment of such location is made on postoperative imaging. While intraoperative CT (iCT) and intraoperative MR imaging have been previously described, the authors present a series of frameless DBS procedures using O-arm iCT.

Methods
Twelve consecutive patients with 15 leads underwent frameless DBS placement using electrophysiological testing and O-arm iCT. Initial target coordinates were made using standard indirect and direct assessment. Microelectrode recording (MER) with kinesthetic responses was performed, followed by microstimulation to evaluate the side-effect profile. Intraoperative 3D CT acquisitions obtained between each MER pass and after final lead placement were fused with the preoperative MR image to verify intended MER movements around the target area and to identify the final lead location. Tip coordinates from the initial plan, final intended target, and actual lead location on iCT were later compared with the lead location on postoperative MR imaging, and euclidean distances were calculated. The amount of radiation exposure during each procedure was calculated and compared with the estimated radiation exposure if iCT was not performed.

Results
The mean euclidean distances between the coordinates for the initial plan, final intended target, and actual lead on iCT compared with the lead coordinates on postoperative MR imaging were 3.04 ± 1.45 mm (p = 0.0001), 2.62 ± 1.50 mm (p = 0.0001), and 1.52 ± 1.78 mm (p = 0.0052), respectively. The authors obtained good merging error during image fusion, and postoperative brain shift was minimal. The actual radiation exposure from iCT was invariably less than estimates of exposure using standard lateral fluoroscopy and anteroposterior radiographs (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
O-arm iCT may be useful in frameless DBS surgery to approximate microelectrode or lead locations intraoperatively. Intraoperative CT, however, may not replace fundamental DBS surgical techniques such as electrophysiological testing in movement disorder surgery. Despite the lack of evidence for brain shift from the procedure, iCT-measured coordinates were statistically different from those obtained postoperatively, probably indicating image merging inaccuracy and the difficulties in accurately denoting lead location. Therefore, electrophysiological testing may truly be the only means of precisely knowing the location in 3D space intraoperatively. While iCT may provide clues to electrode or lead location during the procedure, its true utility may be in DBS procedures targeting areas where electrophysiology is less useful. The use of iCT appears to reduce radiation exposure compared with the authors' traditional frameless technique.
A Ramsey Theorem with an Application to Sequences in Banach Spaces
Authors: Service Robert 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe notion of a maximally conditional sequence is introduced for sequences in a Banach space. It is then proved using Ramsey theory that every basic sequence in a Banach space has a subsequence which is either an unconditional basic sequence or a maximally conditional sequence. An apparently novel, purely combinatorial lemma in the spirit of Galvin's theorem is used in the proof. An alternative proof of the dichotomy result for sequences in Banach spaces is also sketched, using the Galvin–Prikry theorem.
Jet Fuels
Authors: Dukek W. G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractJet aircraft is a weight limited vehicle so a high premium is assigned to hydrocarbon fuels with a maximum gravimetric heat content or hydrogen‐to‐carbon ratio. Jet fuel specifications tend to be industry standards issued by ASTM. The global nature of aviation has mandated that jet fuel be closely controlled in every part of the world. The gas turbine power plant revolutionized aviation. Kerosene was the first fuel burned in Whittle's prototype jet engine. Aviation fuels are primarily blended from straight‐run distillates rather than cracked stocks because of limitations on olefins and aromatics. Distillation cuts must be closely controlled to yield a product that meets flash point on one hand and freezing point on the other, ie, a jet fuel requires a fraction of about 60°C initial boiling point and a final boiling point not exceeding 300°C. Additives are added to the final blend of fuel. Additives cover a large number of problems that could arise. Antiicing, agents, biocides, antistatic agents and others are discussed. Alternative fuels are now a world focus because of the carbon footprint of present fuels and the the instability of the crude supply. Fisher‐Tropsch Fuels (FT) and biofuels (HRJ) are discussed. Feedstocks for biofuels include camelina, jatropha, and algae. Life cycle assessments of alternative fuels are given. Flight trials have begun using alternative fuels including a U.S. Navy test with a supersonic aircraft (F/A‐18 Super Hornet).
Iodine and Iodine Compounds
Authors: Lauterbach Armin , Uber Gustavo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIodine is a nonmetallic element belonging to the halogen family in Group 17 VII of the Periodic Table. Iodine is one of the scarcest of the nonmetallic elements in the total composition of the earth. Wherever iodine occurs, its quantities are generally exceedingly small and very sophisticated chemical methods are required to detect iodine. As found in nature, iodine has only one stable isotope. Several radioactive isotopes have been prepared and have found use as radiopharmaceuticals or tracers for medical imaging. Iodine is produced as a nitrate ore byproduct or from brines or seaweeds. Iodine is much safer to handle at ordinary temperatures than the other halogens because it is a solid at ambient temperatures and pressures. Current demand for iodine is for use in biocides, iodine salts, LCDs, synthetic fiber treatments, and x‐ray contrast media. Important inorganic and organic iodides and iodates are discussed
Papermaking Additives
Authors: Dulany Margaret A. , Batten George L. , Peck Michael C. , Farley Charles E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn papermaking, chemicals can be added either to the pulp slurry prior to sheet formation, ie, internal or wet‐end addition, or to the resulting sheet after complete or partial drying, ie, surface or dry‐end addition. The method chosen depends on retention and the desired effect. Papermaking additives can be categorized either as process additives or functional additives. Procss additives are materials that improve the operation of the paper machine, such as retention and drainage aids, biocides, dispersants and defoamers. They are primarily added to the wet end of the paper machine. Functional additves are materials that enhance or alter specific properties of the paper product such as fillers, sizing agents, dyes, optical brighteners, wet‐and dry‐strength additives. They may be added internally or to the surface of the sheet. Environmental constraints on the paper industry have resulted in drastic processing changes, primarily because of the vast amounts of water used to produce paper. Numerous regional, state, local, and foreign national regulations exist concerning emissions to air and discharges to water and sludge. OSHA workplace regulations may have also altered the additive process and the choice of additives.
Rubidium and Rubidium Compounds
Authors: Wagner Frank S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRubidium is an alkali metal in Group 1(!A) of the Periodic Table. Its chemical and physical properties generally lie between those of potassium and cerium. There are no minerals in which rubidium is the predominant metallic element. Lepidolite and pollucite are the rubidium‐bearing minerals. The traditional processes used to recover rubidium from these minerals ores involve the extraction of mixed alkali alums from the ore via leaching. Rubidium compounds can also be separated from other alkali metal compounds by solvent extraction and ion exchange. Rubidium is generally listed as having a low degree of toxicity. Health risks are associated with rubidium compounds. The principal use for rubidium is in research. Rubidium isotopes are used in medical procedures and pharmaceuticals. It is also used in atomic clocks, ceramic applications, and in global positioning systems (GPS).