bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight in schizophrenia–course and predictors during the acute treatment phase of patients suffering from a schizophrenia spectrum disorder
Authors: Schennach R. , Meyer S. , Seemüller F. , Jäger M. , Schmauss M. , Laux G. , Pfeiffer H. , Naber D. , Schmidt L.G. , Gaebel W. , Klosterkötter J. , Heuser I. , Maier W. , Lemke M.R. , Rüther E. , Klingberg S. , Gastpar M. , Möller H.-J. , Riedel M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundTo analyse insight of illness during the course of inpatient treatment, and to identify influencing factors and predictors of insight.MethodsInsight into illness was examined in 399 patients using the item G12 of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (“lack of insight and judgement”). Ratings of the PANSS, HAMD, UKU, GAF, SOFAS, SWN-K and Kemp's compliance scale were performed and examined regarding their potential association with insight. The item G12 was kept as an ordinal variable to compare insight between subgroups of patients.ResultsAlmost 70% of patients had deficits in their insight into illness at admission. A significant improvement of impairments of insight during the treatment (p<0.0001) was observed. At admission more severe positive and negative symptoms, worse functioning and worse adherence were significantly associated with poorer insight. Less depressive symptoms (p= 0.0004), less suicidality (p= 0.0218), suffering from multiple illness-episodes (p<0.0001) and worse adherence (p= 0.0012) at admission were identified to be significant predictors of poor insight at discharge.ConclusionThe revealed predictors might function as treatment targets in order to improve insight and with it outcome of schizophrenia.
The onset of fragmentation in binary liquid drop collisions
Authors: Planchette C. , Lorenceau E. , Brenn G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBinary collisions of drops of immiscible liquids are investigated experimentally at well-defined conditions of impact. In the experiments we vary all relevant properties of an aqueous and an oil phase, the impact parameter, the drop size and the relative velocity. The drops observed after the collisions exhibit three main phenomena: full encapsulation, head-on fragmentation, and off-centre fragmentation. The regimes characterized by these phenomena replace the ones observed in binary collisions of drops of the same liquid: coalescence, reflexive separation, and stretching separation. Our aim is a universal description of the two fragmentation thresholds of such collisions. Based on the capillary instability and an energy balance, we establish for head-on collisions a scaling law for the evolution of the threshold impact velocity with the properties of the liquids and the droplet size. The fragmentation threshold for off-centre collisions is compared to established models from the literature, which appear unsatisfactory. Introducing an effective impact parameter, which accounts empirically for the deformation and rotation of the drops upon impact, we describe this fragmentation threshold in a universal way. For both fragmentation thresholds, the agreement between experimental data and their theoretical representation is very good. Our work yields new insight into binary collisions of drops and proposes a perspective to develop a more general description with implications for binary collisions of drops of a single liquid as well.
AFTER THE RUSH: LIVING WITH UNCERTAINTY IN A MALAGASY MINING TOWN
Authors: Walsh Andrew 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis article addresses the uncertainties of life in the once booming, but now declining, centre of northern Madagascar's sapphire trade. Although the characteristic features of small-scale mining boomtowns have become well known to many through research on gold, diamond and other rushes throughout Africa and elsewhere in the world, relatively little is known of what happens to such distinctive communities after they boom. What becomes of the unique social networks, consumption patterns, and world-views so often associated with these places when the supply of or demand for the particular commodities around which they have developed declines? Who leaves and who stays behind? How do those remaining in such places continue to earn livings and make meaningful lives despite the decline that surrounds them, and how do they make sense of their circumstances in light of memories of better times? This article addresses these and other questions as they relate to life after the rush in the northern Malagasy sapphire-mining and trading town of Ambondromifehy, arguing that the uncertainties faced by those who remain indicate new possibilities as much as continuing decline.
The antioxidant effect of β-caryophyllene protects rat liver from carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation
Authors: Calleja Miguel Angel , Vieites Jose María , Montero-Meterdez Trinidad , Torres María Isabel , Faus María José , Gil Angel , Suárez Antonio 
Published: May 2012

Plant-based whole foods provide thousands of bioactive metabolites to the human diet that reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases. β-Caryophyllene (CAR) is a common constituent of the essential oil of numerous plants, vegetables, fruits and medicinal herbs, and has been used as a flavouring agent since the 1930 s. Here, we report the antioxidant activity of CAR, its protective effect on liver fibrosis and its inhibitory capacity on hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. CAR was tested for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and as a free radical scavenger. CAR had higher inhibitory capacity on lipid peroxidation than probucol, α-humulene and α-tocopherol. Also, CAR showed high scavenging activities against hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion. The activity of 5-lipoxygenase, an enzyme that actively participates in fibrogenesis, was significantly inhibited by CAR. Carbon tetrachloride-treated rats received CAR at 2, 20 and 200 mg/kg. CAR significantly improved liver structure, and reduced fibrosis and the expression ofCol1a1,Tgfb1andTimp1genes. Oxidative stress was used to establish a model of HSC activation with overproduction of extracellular matrix proteins. CAR (1 and 10 μm) increased cell viability and significantly reduced the expression of fibrotic marker genes. CAR, a sesquiterpene present in numerous plants and foods, is as a natural antioxidant that reduces carbon tetrachloride-mediated liver fibrosis and inhibits hepatic cell activation.
Programmed changes in the adult rat offspring caused by maternal protein restriction during gestation and lactation are attenuated by maternal moderate–low physical training
Authors: Fidalgo Marco , Falcão-Tebas Filippe , Bento-Santos Adriano , de Oliveira Elaine , Nogueira-Neto José Firmino , de Moura Egberto Gaspar , Lisboa Patrícia Cristina , de Castro Raul Manhães , Leandro Carol Góis 
Published: May 2012

The effects of maternal moderate–low physical training on postnatal development, glucose homeostasis and leptin concentration in adult offspring subjected to a low-protein diet during the perinatal period were investigated. Male Wistar rats (aged 150 d old) were divided into four groups according to maternal group: untrained (NTp, n 8); trained (Tp, n 8); untrained with a low-protein diet (NT+LPp, n 8); trained with a low-protein diet (T+LPp, n 8). The trained mothers were subjected to a protocol of moderate physical training over a period of 4 weeks (treadmill, 5 d/week, 60 min/d, at 65 % VO2max) before mating. At pregnancy, the intensity and duration of exercise was progressively reduced (50–20 min/d, at 65–30 % VO2max). The low-protein diet groups received an 8 % casein diet, and their peers received a 17 % casein diet during gestation and lactation. The pups' birth weight and somatic growth were recorded weekly up to the 150th day. Fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, serum leptin concentration, glucose and insulin tolerance tests were evaluated. The Tp animals showed no changes in somatic and biochemical parameters, while the NT+LPp group showed a greater abdominal circumference, hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, glucose intolerance and lower plasma leptin. In the T+LPp animals, all of those alterations were reversed except for plasma leptin concentration. In conclusion, the effects of a perinatal low-protein diet on growth and development, glucose homeostasis and serum leptin concentration in the offspring were attenuated in pups from trained mothers.
Emotional Determinants of Support for the Canadian Mission in Afghanistan: A View from the Bridge
Authors: Fletcher Joseph F. , Hove Jennifer 
Published: May 2012

Abstract. Canada's military engagement in Afghanistan continues to figure highly in the public consciousness, spurring debate on perceived progress and the public's willingness to bear casualties. Despite the many political considerations at play, there is an emotional core to the issue that is often overlooked. In an earlier paper we found public support for the Afghanistan mission to depend in large part on emotive responses, although our analysis was restricted by the limited number of emotional indicators in the data (Fletcher et al., 2009). In this paper, we investigate a broader range of emotional influences on attitudes toward the mission through the use of field research on the Highway of Heroes and experimental framing of casualty-based imagery with student samples. Our findings reveal that Canadians' emotional responses to the repatriation of fallen soldiers reflect a distinctive composite of sadness and pride; the consequence of which is to undercut support for Canada's traditional peacekeeping role, a position negatively related to support for the Afghan mission. When compared with studies conducted in the US (Gartner, 2008a, 2011; and Huddy et al., 2007) our findings suggest some ways in which Canadians and Americans form distinct emotional communities (Rosenwein, 2006) in reactions to war.Résumé. L'engagement militaire du Canada en Afghanistan demeure un sujet important dans l'esprit du public en alimentant les nombreux débats entourant les progrès sur le terrain et l'acceptation des pertes militaires. Malgré les nombreux angles d'analyse utilisés pour investiguer ce sujet, il est rare que la dimension émotionnelle soit étudiée directement. Dans un article publié précédemment, nos résultats indiquèrent que l'appui populaire pour la mission canadienne en Afghanistan dépendait largement des réponses émotives associées à cette dernière (Fletcher, Bastedo et Hove, 2009). Toutefois, cette analyse se trouvait restreinte par le nombre limité d'indicateurs émotionnels disponibles. Cet article comble cette lacune en étudiant un ensemble élargi d'influences émotionnelles sur les attitudes envers la mission militaire afghane. Pour ce faire, nous avons effectué une recherche de terrain sur l'Autoroute des héros ainsi qu'une expérience en laboratoire sur un échantillon d'étudiants. Nos résultats révèlent que l'exposition à des images montrant des soldats canadiens tombés au combat provoque des réponses émotionnelles mêlant tristesse et fierté. L'effet de cette réaction serait d'affaiblir l'appui pour un rôle de maintien de la paix traditionnellement joué par le Canada et, par le fait même, de renforcer l'appui pour la mission afghane. Lorsque l'on compare nos résultats aux études effectuées à ce sujet aux États-Unis (Gartner, 2008a, 2011; and Huddy et al., 2007), nos conclusions suggèrent que les Canadiens et les Étatsuniens forment des communautés émotionnelles (Rosenwein, 2006) distinctes lorsqu'il est question de leurs réactions à la guerre.
Sociological Analyses of Japanese Society in Japan, 2005–2010
Authors: KAMO YOSHINORI 
Published: May 2012

AbstractJapanese sociologists’ work on Japanese society from 2005 through 2010 is critically examined. Articles published in the Japanese Sociological Review (JSR) during this period are analyzed along with books reviewed in the same journal. These publications are classified by their substantive areas and types of inquiries (quantitative, qualitative, theory, etc.). ‘Culture and social consciousness’ is the area where the largest numbers of articles and books have been recognized by JSR, followed by ‘class, stratification, and mobility’ and ‘industry, labor, and organization’. Overall characteristics of sociological studies of Japanese society in Japan are summarized. The discrepancy between contemporary social phenomena and sociological research is also noted, using an example of freeters and neets, among others.
Surface estimates of the Atlantic overturning in density space in an eddy‐permitting ocean model
Authors: Grist Jeremy P. , Josey Simon A. , Marsh Robert 
Published: May 2012

A method to estimate the variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) from surface observations is investigated using an eddy‐permitting ocean‐only model (ORCA‐025). The approach is based on the estimate of dense water formation from surface density fluxes. Analysis using 78 years of two repeat forcing model runs reveals that the surface forcing–based estimate accounts for over 60% of the interannual AMOC variability in σ0 coordinates between 37°N and 51°N. The analysis provides correlations between surface‐forced and actual overturning that exceed those obtained in an earlier analysis of a coarser resolution‐coupled model. Our results indicate that, in accordance with theoretical considerations behind the method, it provides a better estimate of the overturning in density coordinates than in z coordinates in subpolar latitudes. By considering shorter segments of the model run, it is shown that correlations are particularly enhanced by the method's ability to capture large decadal scale AMOC fluctuations. The inclusion of the anomalous Ekman transport increases the amount of variance explained by an average 16% throughout the North Atlantic and provides the greatest potential for estimating the variability of the AMOC in density space between 33°N and 54°N. In that latitude range, 70–84% of the variance is explained and the root‐mean‐square difference is less than 1 Sv when the full run is considered.
Improving the efficiency of water splitting in dye-sensitized solar cells by using a biomimetic electron transfer mediator
Authors: Zhao Yixin , Swierk John R. , Megiatto Jackson D. , Sherman Benjamin , Youngblood W. Justin , Qin Dongdong , Lentz Deanna M. , Moore Ana L. , Moore Thomas A. , Gust Devens , Mallouk Thomas E. 
Published: May 2012

Photoelectrochemical water splitting directly converts solar energy to chemical energy stored in hydrogen, a high energy density fuel. Although water splitting using semiconductor photoelectrodes has been studied for more than 40 years, it has only recently been demonstrated using dye-sensitized electrodes. The quantum yield for water splitting in these dye-based systems has, so far, been very low because the charge recombination reaction is faster than the catalytic four-electron oxidation of water to oxygen. We show here that the quantum yield is more than doubled by incorporating an electron transfer mediator that is mimetic of the tyrosine-histidine mediator in Photosystem II. The mediator molecule is covalently bound to the water oxidation catalyst, a colloidal iridium oxide particle, and is coadsorbed onto a porous titanium dioxide electrode with a Ruthenium polypyridyl sensitizer. As in the natural photosynthetic system, this molecule mediates electron transfer between a relatively slow metal oxide catalyst that oxidizes water on the millisecond timescale and a dye molecule that is oxidized in a fast light-induced electron transfer reaction. The presence of the mediator molecule in the system results in photoelectrochemical water splitting with an internal quantum efficiency of approximately 2.3% using blue light.
easyFRAP: an interactive, easy-to-use tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of FRAP data
Authors: Rapsomaniki Maria Anna , Kotsantis Panagiotis , Symeonidou Ioanna-Eleni , Giakoumakis Nickolaos-Nikiforos , Taraviras Stavros , Lygerou Zoi 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Summary: We present easyFRAP, a versatile tool that assists quantitative and qualitative analysis of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) data. The user can handle simultaneously large data sets of raw data, visualize fluorescence recovery curves, exclude low quality data, perform data normalization, extract quantitative parameters, perform batch analysis and save the resulting data and figures for further use. Our tool is implemented as a single-screen Graphical User Interface (GUI) and is highly interactive, as it permits parameterization and visual data quality assessment at various points during the analysis.
Availability: easyFRAP is free software, available under the General Public License (GPL). Executable and source files, supplementary material and sample data sets can be downloaded at: ccl.med.upatras.gr/easyfrap.html.
Contact: lygerou@med.upatras.gr; rapsoman@upatras.gr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Optimal simultaneous superpositioning of multiple structures with missing data
Authors: Theobald Douglas L. , Steindel Phillip A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMotivation: Superpositioning is an essential technique in structural biology that facilitates the comparison and analysis of conformational differences among topologically similar structures. Performing a superposition requires a one-to-one correspondence, or alignment, of the point sets in the different structures. However, in practice, some points are usually ‘missing’ from several structures, for example, when the alignment contains gaps. Current superposition methods deal with missing data simply by superpositioning a subset of points that are shared among all the structures. This practice is inefficient, as it ignores important data, and it fails to satisfy the common least-squares criterion. In the extreme, disregarding missing positions prohibits the calculation of a superposition altogether.Results: Here, we present a general solution for determining an optimal superposition when some of the data are missing. We use the expectation–maximization algorithm, a classic statistical technique for dealing with incomplete data, to find both maximum-likelihood solutions and the optimal least-squares solution as a special case.Availability and implementation: The methods presented here are implemented in THESEUS 2.0, a program for superpositioning macromolecular structures. ANSI C source code and selected compiled binaries for various computing platforms are freely available under the GNU open source license from http://www.theseus3d.org.Contact: dtheobald@brandeis.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Content analysis and assessment of international codes of franchising associations
Authors: Rondán‐Cataluña Francisco Javier , Navarro‐García Antonio , Gámez‐González Juan , Rodríguez‐Rad Carlos J. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to improve the knowledge about ethical content of franchising associations at a worldwide level.Design/methodology/approachTo do this, the authors compared the content of 46 deontological codes of franchising associations from five continents to the standards established in the so‐called C‐40 or model of franchising deontological codes.FindingsResults show that, in general, ethical content included in deontological codes of franchising associations is not very large, requiring progress in improving its structure and content. In any case, according to the contents of their deontological codes, there are two groups of franchising associations worldwide. On the one hand, those taking the archetype of the European Franchise Federation code (30 associations), which show a greater number of ethical issues and have a better structured code than the other group that do not follow the European code (16 associations).Originality/valueAlthough currently the majority of franchisees and franchisors associations' have or are in the process of developing a deontological code, there is little knowledge about “how a good code should be”, “what is the content it must include to perform properly” and if “existing codes of franchise associations are appropriated”. The answer to these questions, given the existing gap in the literature, is the value of this work.
Are Spanish SMEs good places to work?
Authors: Adame‐Sánchez Consolación , Miquel‐Romero María‐José 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to perform a descriptive analysis of the current degree of development and application of work‐life balance policies in Spanish SMEs, examining the differences that arise due to ownership structure (family owned business versus non‐family owned business) and presenting an in‐depth analysis of the variables that influence managers' attitudes towards work‐life balance policies.Design/methodology/approachStructured interviews with SME managers were performed.FindingsThe presence of those polices is small, although the situation differs depending on the type of policy. Differences in ownership structure do not imply significantly different behavior with regard to the introduction and application of these human resource policies, nor do they affect the attitude of managers towards them, although the variables that influence managers' attitudes differ.Research limitations/implicationsOnly Spanish SMEs are considered, so cultural context can condition results generalizations.Practical implicationsResults reveal the need for SMEs to engage in WLB policies, and the importance of improving their managers' attitudes towards those polices, taking into consideration ownership structure of that company.Originality/valueLittle information exists on the extent to which WLB policies are used, especially in family business versus non‐family business; moreover, the study reveals the relevance of understanding managers' attitudes towards those policies, as variables determining it differ when ownership structure of the firm is taken into consideration.
From design driven innovation to meaning strategy
Authors: Battistella Cinzia , Biotto Gianluca , De Toni Alberto F. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeIn the stream of works showing the semantic dimension as a core concept of the product innovation (e.g. design driven innovation), the paper aims to present a new business modeling approach driven by design and meanings. Similarly to the concept that the product is not represented only by form and function but also by meaning, the entire business model of a company does not transmit economic and technological value only, but tells a lot of the company from a semantic point of view. The work seeks to point out that companies can focus on the management of meanings to “make sense” of their entire business model moulded in building blocks, and realize what the authors called meaning strategy.Design/methodology/approachAfter a detailed overview of the theoretical background grounded in the strategy literature and design one, to support the authors' perspective, an in‐depth study of meaning strategy performed by illycaffè is presented.FindingsThe value of the work lies in underlining that the design driven (product) innovation's application can be extended further than only describing successful (product) strategies of design‐intensive manufactures and in the suggestions on how to implement a meaning strategy, creating new meanings not only in the products, but also in the building blocks of a company's business model.Originality/valueThe meaning strategy content and action‐oriented framework proposed and the matrix business model meanings versus building blocks can become tools to communicate the company strategy's pivotal elements and its evolution and they can drive strategists in developing and managing new/existing meanings and building blocks.