bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An increased level of haemoglobin A1C predicts a poorer clinical outcome in patients with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Zhao Xiaolong , Chang Mei HuangFu , Chen Lili , Jiang Lin , He Min , Chen Jian , Hu Zhupeng , Ye Hongying , Hu Hong , Zhou Linuo , Li Yiming , Hu Renming 
Published: October 2011

SummaryObjective  To compare the clinical features of acute pancreatitis (AP) in patients with and without diabetes.Design, patients and measurements  We retrospectively collected 318 patients with AP in two clinical centres from January 2009 to October 2010. Patients with a previous history of diabetes or with glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) higher than 6·5% were identified as having acute pancreatitis with diabetes (APD), while patients without a history of diabetes and in whom the HbA1c was not higher than 6·5% were considered as AP only. The clinical characteristics and prognosis data of these patients were analysed. Survival curves were plotted according to the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to test the association between the clinical prognostic factors and mortality in patients with AP.Results  In total, 318 patients with AP were enrolled. Among them, 40 had APD and 278 had AP; thus, in this study, the prevalence of diabetes in AP was 12·6% (40/318). Twenty‐five per cent (10/40) of the APD cases were indentified using HbA1c. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the APD group (15·0%, 6/40) than that in the AP group (1·1%, 3/278). Survival curves showed that there was a significant survival difference between the APD group and AP group via the log‐rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that sex, age, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and C‐peptide were significantly associated with mortality. Compared with AP patients, subjects with APD had significantly longer time from initial symptoms to admission [1·6 (95% CI: 0·5–3·2) vs 0·9 (95% CI: 0·1–2·2) days], older age of onset (57·2 ± 11·0 vs 44·3 ± 7·8 years), higher levels of glucose (13·9 ± 8·2 vs 7·3 ± 4·1 mm), higher levels of HbA1c [8·5 (95% CI: 6·6–11·4)%vs 5·9 (95% CI: 4·9–6·4)%], lower levels of C‐peptide (0·882 ± 0·337 vs 2·621 ± 0·526 ng/ml) and longer duration of hospitalization (18·3 ± 4·6 vs 13·2 ± 5·1 day). Electrocardiograms showed that APD patients had a significantly higher risk of heart ischaemia than AP patients (22/40 vs 20/278).Conclusions  HbA1c may be a useful marker to identify unrecognised diabetes in patients with acute pancreatitis; this group of patients has a higher in hospital mortality.
Conservative Nature of Oestradiol Signalling Pathways in the Brain Lobes of Octopus vulgaris Involved in Reproduction, Learning and Motor Coordination
Authors: De Lisa E. , Paolucci M. , Di Cosmo A. 
Published: October 2011

Oestradiol plays crucial roles in the mammalian brain by modulating reproductive behaviour, neural plasticity and pain perception. The cephalopod Octopus vulgaris is considered, along with its relatives, to be the most behaviourally advanced invertebrate, although the neurophysiological basis of its behaviours, including pain perception, remain largely unknown. In the present study, using a combination of molecular and imaging techniques, we found that oestradiol up‐regulated O. vulgaris gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (Oct‐GnRH) and O. vulgaris oestrogen receptor (Oct‐ER) mRNA levels in the olfactory lobes; in turn, Oct‐ER mRNA was regulated by NMDA in lobes involved in learning and motor coordination. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis revealed that oestradiol binds Oct‐ER causing conformational modifications and nuclear translocation consistent with the classical genomic mechanism of the oestrogen receptor. Moreover, oestradiol triggered a calcium influx and cyclic AMP response element binding protein phosphorylation via membrane receptors, providing evidence for a rapid nongenomic action of oestradiol in O. vulgaris. In the present study, we demonstrate, for the first time, the physiological role of oestradiol in the brain lobes of O. vulgaris involved in reproduction, learning and motor coordination.
Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tablet, suspension and paste formulations of atenolol in cats
Authors: KHOR K. H. , CAMPBELL F. E. , CHARLES B. G. , NORRIS R. L. G. , GREER R. M. , RATHBONE M. J. , MILLS P. C. 
Published: October 2011

Khor, K. H., Campbell, F. E., Charles, B. G., Norris, R. L. G., Greer, R. M., Rathbone, M. J., Mills, P. C. Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tablet, suspension and paste formulations of atenolol in cats.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 437–445.This study compared the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of an extemporaneously prepared (compounded) atenolol paste and suspension for oral administration, against the commercially available divided tablet in healthy cats. Eleven healthy cats (mean: age 4 ± 0.4 year, weight 5.0 ± 0.7 kg) were dosed twice‐daily with 12.5 mg atenolol (tablet, paste or suspension) for 7 days in a randomized cross‐over design with a 7‐day wash‐out period. On day 7, an electrocardiogram was performed before and immediately after stress provocation (jugular venipuncture) at prestudy screening, and at 2, 6 and 12 h after morning dosing. Systolic arterial blood pressure (BP) was assessed following the second electrocardiogram. Plasma was collected at prestudy screening, and at 1, 2, 6 and 12 h to measure atenolol plasma concentrations. Mean atenolol dose was 2.5 mg/kg (range: 2.1–3.3 mg/kg). Stress‐induced rise in heart rate was attenuated (P < 0.05) at every time point compared to baseline for all formulations. Although the paste significantly attenuated stress‐induced elevation in heart rate at all time points, the effect was not consistently equivalent to the tablet. The BP was not altered (P > 0.05) at any time point by any formulation. In conclusion, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters or pharmacodynamic profiles of the paste and suspension compared to the commercially available tablet.
Genetic structure in a dynamic baboon hybrid zone corroborates behavioural observations in a hybrid population
Authors: CHARPENTIER M. J. E. , FONTAINE M. C. , CHEREL E. , RENOULT J. P. , JENKINS T. , BENOIT L. , BARTHÈS N. , ALBERTS S. C. , TUNG J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBehaviour and genetic structure are intimately related: mating patterns and patterns of movement between groups or populations influence the movement of genetic variation across the landscape and from one generation to the next. In hybrid zones, the behaviour of the hybridizing taxa can also impact the incidence and outcome of hybridization events. Hybridization between yellow baboons and anubis baboons has been well documented in the Amboseli basin of Kenya, where more anubis‐like individuals tend to experience maturational and reproductive advantages. However, it is unknown whether these advantages are reflected in the genetic structure of populations surrounding this area. Here, we used microsatellite genotype data to evaluate the structure and composition of baboon populations in southern Kenya. Our results indicate that, unlike for mitochondrial DNA, microsatellite‐based measures of genetic structure concord with phenotypically based taxonomic distinctions and that the currently active hybrid zone is relatively narrow. Isolation with migration analysis revealed asymmetric gene flow in this region from anubis populations into yellow populations, in support of the anubis‐biased phenotypic advantages observed in Amboseli. Populations that are primarily yellow but that receive anubis gene flow exhibit higher levels of genetic diversity than yellow populations far from the introgression front. Our results support previous work that indicates a long history of hybridization and introgression among East African baboons. Specifically, it suggests that anubis baboons are in the process of gradual range expansion into the range of yellow baboons, a pattern potentially explained by behavioural and life history advantages that correlate with anubis ancestry.
Altered PKR Signalling and C / EBPβ Expression is Associated with HLA‐B27 Expression in Monocytic Cells
Authors: Sahlberg A. S. , Ruuska M. , Colbert R. A. , Granfors K. , Penttinen M. A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractInfection caused by certain gram‐negative bacteria, e.g. Salmonella, can trigger inflammatory joint disease reactive arthritis (ReA). It is suggested that the disease‐triggering bacteria or bacterial components persist in patients for an abnormally long time. Development of ReA is strongly associated with tissue antigen HLA‐B27. Previously, we reported an enhanced replication of Salmonella enteritidis and altered p38 MAP kinase signalling in HLA‐B27‐expressing monocytic cells. Here we aimed to investigate the role of HLA‐B27 in regulation of double‐stranded RNA‐activated kinase (PKR)‐related signalling in Salmonella‐infected or Salmonella lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated human U937 monocytic cells, as PKR has been reported to modify p38 signalling in Salmonella‐infected cells. In cells expressing HLA‐B27, PKR is overexpressed and hypophosphorylated, and the expression of transcription factor CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is increased upon Salmonella infection and LPS stimulation. The expression of C/EBPβ is PKR‐dependent in LPS‐stimulated mock cells, whereas in LPS‐stimulated B27 cells the majority of C/EBPβ is expressed in a PKR‐independent manner. Our results show that the expression of HLA‐B27 disturbs the PKR‐mediated signalling pathway. Moreover, altered signalling is related to misfolding‐linked Glu45 in the B pocket of the HLA‐B27 heavy chain. We suggest that the expression of HLA‐B27 HCs modulates the intracellular environment of monocyte/macrophages and the mechanisms that are important in eliminating intracellular S. enteritidis by altering the intracellular signalling. This phenomenon is at least partly dependent on the misfolding feature of the B27 molecule. These observations offer a novel mechanism by which HLA‐B27 may modulate inflammatory response induced by ReA‐triggering bacteria.
Capturing and modelling metre‐scale spatial facies heterogeneity in a Jurassic ramp setting (Central High Atlas, Morocco)
Authors: AMOUR FRÉDÉRIC , MUTTI MARIA , CHRIST NICOLAS , IMMENHAUSER ADRIAN , AGAR SUSAN M. , BENSON GREGORY S. , TOMÁS SARA , ALWAY ROBERT , KABIRI LACHEN 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEach simulation algorithm, including Truncated Gaussian Simulation, Sequential Indicator Simulation and Indicator Kriging is characterized by different operating modes, which variably influence the facies proportion, distribution and association of digital outcrop models, as shown in clastic sediments. A detailed study of carbonate heterogeneity is then crucial to understanding these differences and providing rules for carbonate modelling. Through a continuous exposure of Bajocian carbonate strata, a study window (320 m long, 190 m wide and 30 m thick) was investigated and metre‐scale lithofacies heterogeneity was captured and modelled using closely‐spaced sections. Ten lithofacies, deposited in a shallow‐water carbonate‐dominated ramp, were recognized and their dimensions and associations were documented. Field data, including height sections, were georeferenced and input into the model. Four models were built in the present study. Model A used all sections and Truncated Gaussian Simulation during the stochastic simulation. For the three other models, Model B was generated using Truncated Gaussian Simulation as for Model A, Model C was generated using Sequential Indicator Simulation and Model D was generated using Indicator Kriging. These three additional models were built by removing two out of eight sections from data input. The removal of sections allows direct insights on geological uncertainties at inter‐well spacings by comparing modelled and described sections. Other quantitative and qualitative comparisons were carried out between models to understand the advantages/disadvantages of each algorithm. Model A is used as the base case. Indicator Kriging (Model D) simplifies the facies distribution by assigning continuous geological bodies of the most abundant lithofacies to each zone. Sequential Indicator Simulation (Model C) is confident to conserve facies proportion when geological heterogeneity is complex. The use of trend with Truncated Gaussian Simulation is a powerful tool for modelling well‐defined spatial facies relationships. However, in shallow‐water carbonate, facies can coexist and their association can change through time and space. The present study shows that the scale of modelling (depositional environment or lithofacies) involves specific simulation constraints on shallow‐water carbonate modelling methods.
AtRbohF is a crucial modulator of defence‐associated metabolism and a key actor in the interplay between intracellular oxidative stress and pathogenesis responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chaouch Sejir , Queval Guillaume , Noctor Graham 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThis work investigated the contribution of AtRbohD and AtRbohF to regulating defence‐associated metabolism during three types of interaction: (i) incompatible and (ii) compatible interaction with Pseudomonas syringae; and (iii) intracellular oxidative stress in the catalase‐deficient cat2 background. In all three cases, loss of function of either gene modulated the response of defence compounds. AtRbohF gene function was necessary for rapid and full induction of salicylic acid (SA) during compatible and incompatible interactions, and for resistance to virulent bacteria. Both artrboh mutations modulated the effects of intracellular ROS in the cat2 background, although the predominant effect was mediated by atrbohF. Loss of this gene function increased lesion formation in cat2 but uncoupled this effect from cat2‐triggered induction of SA and camalexin, accumulation of glutathione and disease resistance, all of which were much lower in cat2 artbohF than in cat2. A detailed comparison of GC‐TOF‐MS profiles produced by the three interactions revealed considerable overlap between cat2 effects and those produced by bacterial infection in the wild‐type background. Analysis of the impact of the two atrboh mutations on these profiles provided further evidence that AtRbohF interacts closely with intracellular oxidative stress to tune dynamic metabolic responses during infection. Thus, AtRbohF appears to be a key player not only in HR‐related cell death but also in regulating metabolomic responses and resistance. Based on the results obtained during the three types of interaction, a model is proposed of how NADPH oxidases and intracellular ROS interact to determine the outcome of pathogen defence responses.
Pythium aphanidermatum May Reduce Cucumber Growth without Affecting Leaf Photosynthesis
Authors: Panova Gaiane G. , Heißner Adolf , Grosch Rita , Kläring Hans‐Peter 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPlants respond to many stress factors, including infections caused by root pathogens, with reductions in photosynthesis and growth. We studied the response of mature cucumber plants after a weak inoculation of the roots with Pythium aphanidermatum. The epidemiology of the disease was recorded using an indirect ELISA. Although mycelium was detected in the roots, photosynthesis was not affected over a period of five weeks. Nevertheless, plant growth was significantly reduced by the pathogen. Possible modes of action are discussed.
Genomic variation of new cultivars selected from distant hybridization in Lilium
Authors: Zhang Xianxian , Ren Guiling , Li Kehu , Zhou Guixue , Zhou Shujun 
Published: October 2011

With 1 figure and 1 tableAbstractOne of the main trends in Lilium breeding is to combine horticultural traits of Asiatic (AA), Longiflorum (LL), Oriental (OO) and Trumpet (TT) lilies. We used genomic in situ hybridization to examine the genomic variation of 19 new cultivars, bred by hybridization between different lily groups, to determine how the cultivars arose. Two of them are diploid (2n = 2x = 24), selected from F1 OT hybrids, 16 are allotriploid (2n = 3x = 36), mainly from 2n gametes and less possibly from diploid × amphidiploid crosses; and one cultivar was allotetraploid with three L‐genomes and one O‐genome. Our results indicate that allotriploid breeding is a future trend for new cultivars in Lilium and that most of the allotriploid lily cultivars originate from 2n gametes produced by F1 distant hybrids.
Oral erosive lichen planus associated with thymoma treated with etretinate
Authors: Miyagaki Tomomitsu , Sugaya Makoto , Miyamoto Akie , Nagata Mayumi , Ichimura Yohei , Mitsui Hiroshi , Sato Shinichi 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA 68‐year‐old Japanese woman was referred to our hospital with a 1‐year history of multiple erosions on the oral mucosa and a few pruritic, bean‐sized, reddish‐blue plaques on the body. Based on physical examination, pathological findings, and immunofluorescence findings, a diagnosis of lichen planus (LP) was made. Computed tomography scan revealed a thymoma. After thymectomy, cutaneous LP lesions subsided spontaneously. Oral lesions responded well to oral etretinate therapy. We speculate that direct tissue injury by CD8+ T cells, activated by abnormal regulation of lymphocytes within the thymus, may cause LP.
Advancing the Understanding of Sociospatial Dependencies in Terrorist Networks
Authors: Medina Richard M. , Hepner George F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTerrorist networks operate in hybrid space where activities in social and geographic spaces are necessary for logistics and security. The Islamist terrorist network is analyzed as a sociospatial system using social network analysis, Geographic Information Science (GISc), and novel techniques designed for hybrid space analyses. This research focuses on identifying distance and sociospatial dependencies within the terrorist network. A methodology for analyzing sociospatial systems is developed and results lead to a greater understanding of terrorist network structures and activities. Distance and sociospatial dependencies are shown to exist for the Islamist terrorist network structure. These findings are discordant with recent literature that focuses on terrorist network tendencies toward decentralization in the information age. In this research, the Islamist terrorist network is theorized to use multiple structures of hierarchical and decentralized organization for effectiveness, efficiency, and resilience. Implications for counterterrorism policy and strategies are given.
Discovering Chasing Behavior in Moving Object Trajectories
Authors: de Lucca Siqueira Fernando , Bogorny Vania 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWith the increasing use of mobile devices, a lot of tracks of movement of objects are being collected. The advanced trajectory data mining research has allowed the discovery of many types of patterns from these data, like flocks, leadership, avoidance, frequent sequences, and other types of patterns. In this article we introduce a new kind of pattern: a chasing behavior between trajectories. We present the main characteristics of chasing and propose a new method that extracts this new kind of trajectory behavior pattern, considering time, distance, and speed as the main thresholds. Experimental results show that our method finds patterns that are not discovered by related approaches.
TARIFF JUMPING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT DECISION IN A QUALITY‐DIFFERENTIATED MARKET
Authors: WANG KUANG‐CHENG ANDY , LIN CHUN‐HUNG A. , CHIOU JIUNN‐RONG 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUsing a product differentiation model, this paper discusses the issue of transnational firms evading tariffs and investing directly in a host country (through foreign direct investment (FDI)). Where product quality is differentiated between foreign and host country firms and assuming a firm's quality requirement is a long‐term strategy and is not affected by a foreign firm's trade decision, we obtain the following findings. First, whether or not a host country firm produces high or low quality products, raising the quality requirement for foreign products will increase the possibility of a foreign firm choosing FDI instead of exporting a product to the host country. Second, raising the quality requirement for domestic products will lower the possibility of foreign firms choosing FDI without regard to the product's quality. Finally, given a competitor in the host country, in FDI, a foreign high‐quality product‐producing firm has an advantage over a low‐quality product‐producing firm. We also find that even when firms' quality decisions are affected by a foreign firm's trade decision, most of the above results will still hold.
LONG‐RUN GROWTH AND WELFARE EFFECTS OF TAX REFORM
Authors: CHANG WEN‐YA , LEE KUO‐HAO , CHANG JUIN‐JEN 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper introduces an endogenously‐determined fertility rate into a Romer‐type endogenous growth model and, accordingly, investigates the effects on fertility, economic growth and social welfare of a revenue‐neutral tax reform that involves switching from an income tax to a consumption tax. We show that, in a departure from the existing literature, tax reform could be harmful, rather than favourable, to both growth and welfare, due to an endogenous fertility rate. We also conduct a simple numerical analysis to investigate under what conditions the negative effect on growth and welfare occurs.
Not across the North Pole: Plant migration in the Arctic
Authors: Hoffmann Matthias H. 
Published: October 2011

Summary
The vascular plant flora of 66 arctic islands was studied to determine whether the islands have been occupied by random long‐distance dispersal (LDD) or in a highly structured northward migration pattern via intervening islands as stepping‐stones.
A maximum parsimonious migration model minimizing dispersal distances of 1256 vascular plant taxa was calculated in the framework of network analysis.
Plant dispersal is not stochastic in the Arctic at the global scale. Inferred mean dispersal distances of the plants occurring on arctic islands are c. 580 km (median 460 km). A LDD across the North Pole could not be inferred in the model and species may be recruited mainly from the nearest mainland or islands. At smaller scales, among adjacent islands, dispersal of vascular plants may be incomplete. Arctic islands do not yet appearto be saturated with species.
The results suggest that changes in biodiversity in Arctic islands can be more easily predicted at the global scale than at the local scale. Because islands are not yet saturated with species, new colonizations may not necessarily be linked to climate change.