bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living donor pancreas transplantation in Japan
Authors: Kenmochi Takashi , Asano Takehide , Maruyama Michihiro , Saigo Kenichi , Akutsu Naotake , Iwashita Chikara , Ohtsuki Kazunori , Suzuki Akiko , Miyazaki Mariko 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground/purposeLiving‐donor pancreas transplants (LDPs) were introduced at Chiba‐East National Hospital in 2004, and 12 LDPs have been performed at this institution to date. Based on the outcome of these 12 LDPs, the efficacy and safety of LDPs are herein discussed.MethodsTwelve diabetic patients underwent LDPs; ten had simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplants from living donors, one had pancreas transplant after a kidney transplant from a living donor, and one had a pancreas transplant alone from a living donor. The donors were parents or brothers and the ABO blood types were incompatible in three LDPs. The procedures for the donor and recipient operations were performed according to the technique established by the University of Minnesota. Bladder drainage was used in 11 recipients and enteric drainage was used in one patient. Tacrolimus, basiliximab, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone were used for induction and immunosuppressive treatment. A splenectomy, double‐filtered plasmapheresis, and plasma exchange were added in the ABO‐incompatible LDPs.ResultsNo complications were observed in the donors during hospitalization. The 1‐year survivals of the patients, kidney grafts, and pancreas grafts were 100, 100, and 100%, respectively. The 3‐year survivals were 91.7, 90, and 91.7%, respectively. Three patients developed leakage of pancreatic juice and one patient required a surgical procedure. Cytomegalovirus antigenemia was detected in five patients (42%).ConclusionsBased on the excellent outcome of the LDPs at this institution, LDPs is therefore expected to become a promising option for the treatment of patients with severe diabetes.
A revaluation of lake‐phosphorus loading models using a Bayesian hierarchical framework
Authors: Cheng Vincent , Arhonditsis George B. , Brett Michael T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe revisit the phosphorus‐retention and nutrient‐loading models in limnology using a Bayesian hierarchical framework. This methodological tool relaxes a basic assumption of regression models fitted to data sets consisting of observations from multiple systems, i.e., the systems are assumed to be identical in behavior, and therefore the models have a single common set of parameters for all systems. Under the hierarchical structure, the models are dissected into levels (hierarchies) that explicitly account for the role of significant sources of variability (e.g., morphometry, mixing regime, geographical location, land‐use patterns, trophic status), thereby allowing for intersystem parameter differences. Thus, the proposed approach is a compromise between site‐specific (where limited local data is a problem) and globally common (where heterogeneous systems in wide geographical areas are assumed to be identical) parameter estimates. In this study, we used critical values of the mean lake depth and the hydraulic residence time (τw = 2.6 years) to specify the hierarchical levels of the models. Our analysis demonstrates that the hierarchical configuration led to an improvement of the performance of six out of the seven hypothesized relationships used to predict lake‐phosphorus concentrations. We also highlight the differences in the posterior moments of the group‐specific parameter distributions, although the inference regarding the importance of different predictors (e.g., inflow‐weighted total phosphorus input concentration, and hydraulic retention time) of lake phosphorus or the relative predictability of the models examined are not markedly different from an earlier study by Brett and Benjamin. The best fit to the observed data was obtained by the model that considers the first‐order rate coefficient for total phosphorus loss from the lake as an inverse function of the lake hydraulic retention time. Finally, our analysis also demonstrates how the Bayesian hierarchical framework can be used for assessing the exceedance frequency and confidence of compliance of water‐quality standards. We conclude that the proposed methodological framework will be very useful in the policy‐making process and can optimize environmental management actions in space and time.
Predictive factors of successful pregnancy after assisted reproductive technology in women aged 40 years and older
Authors: Fujimoto Akihisa , Fujiwara Toshihiro , Oishi Hajime , Hirata Tetsuya , Yano Tetsu , Taketani Yuji 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to investigate the factors that predict successful pregnancy (live birth) in assisted reproductive technology (ART) for infertile women aged 40 and older.MethodsPatients who underwent first ART treatments at the age of 40 and older at our institution were enrolled. Several factors which can be evaluated before the first treatments were retrospectively compared among those patients who did and did not achieve live birth.ResultsNineteen of 119 patients delivered healthy babies. There was no significant difference of live‐birth rate among age groups of 40, 41 and 42. No women who underwent the first treatment at age 43 or older achieved live birth. In the successful group, significantly more women held FSH levels under 12 mIU/ml and had regular menstrual cycles (26–32 days) than unsuccessful women of the same age group. In addition, significantly fewer women in the successful group had prior ovarian surgery.ConclusionsOur results show that low FSH levels, regular menstrual cycles and absence of prior ovarian surgery were related to high live‐birth rates and they are good prognostic factors in patients between 40 and 42 years of age. On the other hand, none of these parameters were correlated with success in women aged 43 and older.
Autoantibodies and coagulation in reproductive medicine
Authors: Matsubayashi Hidehiko 
Published: July 2009

AbstractManagement of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is considered to be difficult, in part because of cunfusion between autoantibodies and coagulation disorders. Autoantibodies and coagulation are related; two groups of multicenter studies concerning autoantibodies and coagulation reported that factor XII deficiency, hypofibrinolysis, anti‐phosphatidylethanolamine (aPE), anti‐beta2‐glycoprotein I, anti‐annexin A5, and lupus anticoagulant (LA) were found to be frequent risk factors in RPL women. Therefore, discrimination of autoantibodies and coagulation is important in understanding RPL well. We propose three types of pathways regarding reproduction, which are different and independent: (1) Negatively charged‐phospholipid related antibodies (anti‐phosphatidylserine; aPS, anti‐cardiolipin; aCL, lupus anticoagulant; LA, anti‐annexin A5; aANX), (2) factor XII–aPE–fibrinolysis: suppression of fibrinolysis, (3) protein C–protein S–factor V: loss of inactivation against activated factor V. Women with RPL and infertility showed similar findings in terms of the above clinical tests. Available data, however, is not enough to conclude whether these are pathogenic to infertile women.
Postcolonial partnerships: deep sea research, media coverage and (inter)national narratives on the Galathea Deep Sea Expedition from 1950 to 1952
Authors: NIELSEN KRISTIAN HVIDTFELT 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe Danish Galathea Deep Sea Expedition between 1950 and 1952 combined scientific and official objectives with the production of national and international narratives distributed through the daily press and other media. Dispatched by the Danish government on a newly acquired naval ship, the expedition undertook groundbreaking deep sea research while also devoting efforts to showing the flag, public communication of science, and international cooperation. The expedition was conceived after the war as a way in which to rehabilitate Denmark's reputation internationally and to rebuild national pride. To this end, the expedition included an onboard press section reporting the expedition to the Danish public and to an international audience. The press section mediated the favourable, post-war and postcolonial image of Denmark as an internationalist, scientific, modernizing and civilizing nation for which the expedition planners and many others were hoping. The expedition, therefore, was highly relevant to, indeed fed on, the emerging internationalist agenda in Denmark's foreign policy. Bringing out these aspects of the historical context of the expedition, this paper adds important perspectives to our knowledge about the expedition in particular and, more generally, about scientific exploration in the immediate post-war and postcolonial period.
On the development of internal chemical zonation in small mafic dykes
Authors: CHISTYAKOVA SOFYA , LATYPOV RAIS 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThree dolerite dykes (Small, 3.2 cm; Middle, 13.5 cm; Thick, 50 cm) from Torsholma Island, SW Finland, reveal distinctly different internal zonation that becomes more complicated with increasing thickness of the dykes. The Small Dyke shows a systematic inward increase in normative Pl (An+Ab+Or) and a decrease in normative An (100*An/(An+Ab)), whole-rock MgO, Mg number (100*Mg/(Mg+Fetotal)), TiO2, K2O and Zr. The Middle Dyke exhibits the same compositional pattern at the margins, while the centre is distinguished by an abrupt increase in normative Pl and An, whole-rock Sr and Mg number. From the margins inwards, the Thick Dyke displays first a compositional pattern identical to that observed in the Small Dyke and the margins of the Middle Dyke. This is followed by a region where whole-rock MgO, Mg number and normative An start increasing inwards, while the transition to the centre of the dyke is characterized by a compositional pattern similar to that in the centre of Middle Dyke. The origin of chemical zonation in these dykes is attributed to the operation of three independent physico-chemical processes, namely: the Small Dyke formed exclusively by progressive changes in the composition of inflowing magma; the Middle Dyke by changes in composition of inflowing magma (margins) and concentration of plagioclase and olivine phenocrysts by flow differentiation (centre); the Thick Dyke by changes in composition of inflowing magma (margins),in situcumulate growth against dyke sidewalls (middle) and flow differentiation (centre). Systematic changes in these processes and, as a result, in internal chemical zonation, likely take place in response to crystallization of magma under less supercooled conditions with increasing dyke thickness. A comprehensive geochemical study of the internal zonation of small mafic dykes worldwide is required to develop a complete understanding of the processes operating in mafic dykes.
EXPLORING SOCIOECONOMIC VULNERABILITY OF ANAEMIA AMONG WOMEN IN EASTERN INDIAN STATES
Authors: GHOSH SASWATA 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThe present study investigates the socioeconomic risk factors of anaemia among women belonging to eastern Indian states. An attempt has been made to find out differences in anaemia related to social class and place of residence, and age and marital status. It was hypothesized that rural women would have a higher prevalence of anaemia compared with their urban counterparts, particularly among the poorest social strata, and that ever-married women would be at elevated risk of anaemia compared with never-married women, particularly in the adolescent age group. Using data from National Family Health Survey-3, 2005–6, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey that provided information on anaemia level among 19,695 women of this region, the present study found that the prevalence of anaemia was high among all women cutting across social class, location and other attributes. In all 47.9% were mildly anaemic (10.0–11.9.9 g/dl), 16.1% were moderately anaemic (7.0–9.9 g/dl) and 1.6% were severely anaemic (<7.0 g/dl). Protective factors include frequent consumption of pulses, milk and milk products, fruits and fish, educational attainment, mass media exposure and high socioeconomic status. Urban poor women and adolescent ever-married women had very high odds of being anaemic. New programme strategies are needed, particularly those that improve iron storage and enhance the overall nutritional status of women throughout the life-cycle.
Effective interaction potential of dust particles in a plasma from experimental pair correlation functions
Authors: RAMAZANOV T. S. , DZHUMAGULOVA K. N. , DANIYAROV T. T. , OMARBAKIYEVA Yu. A. , KODANOVA S. K. , DOSBOLAYEV M. K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractInteraction between dust particles in a plasma is investigated on the basis of experimental pair correlation functions of dust formation in a dc glow discharge and the Poisson equation. It is shown that the calculated effective potentials have an oscillating character and depend rather weakly on macroscopic parameters of the plasma. Existence of an attractive component in the interaction of dust particles is confirmed within the validity range of our model.
Magnetic fluctuation level in disruption plasmas in the TEXTOR tokamak
Authors: YANG X. , LIU J. , GAO T. , LI M. , SHI Y. J. , LIANG H. F. , CAI W. D. , CHEN Z. Y. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRunaway transport is used to probe the magnetic fluctuation level for TEXTOR disruption plasmas. A zero-dimensional model of the current quench including the generation of runaway electrons has been applied to simulate the experimental current evolution during major disruptions [Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion50 (2008), 105007]. According to the loss rate of runaway electrons used in the fitting parameter of the zero-dimensional model, the magnetic fluctuation level in TEXTOR is derived. It is found that the magnetic fluctuation level is in the order of 10−5, and it increases with the atom number mixed into the plasma.
The association of visuospatial working memory with dysthymic disorder in pre-pubertal children
Authors: Franklin T. , Lee A. , Hall N. , Hetrick S. , Ong J. , Haslam N. , Karsz F. , Vance A. 
Published: July 2009

BackgroundVisuospatial working memory (VSWM) deficits have not been investigated specifically in children with dysthymic disorder (DD), although they are associated with impairments in attention that commonly occur in DD. This study investigates VSWM impairment in children with DD.MethodA cross-sectional study of VSWM in 6- to 12-year-old children with medication-naive DD (n=26) compared to an age-, gender- and ‘performance IQ’ (PIQ)-matched healthy control group (n=28) was completed.ResultsThe DD group demonstrated impairment in VSWM, including impairment in the spatial span and strategy components of VSWM. Furthermore, the VSWM impairment remained after controlling for spatial span. Inattentive symptoms were significantly associated with the VSWM impairment.ConclusionsThis study of children with DD found deficits in performance on VSWM tasks, suggesting that fronto-striatal–parietal neural networks that underlie processes of attention and the executive component of VSWM are dysfunctional in children with DD. These findings further our understanding of DD and suggest more specific interventions that might improve functioning.
Approach and avoidance learning in patients with major depression and healthy controls: relation to anhedonia
Authors: Chase H. W. , Frank M. J. , Michael A. , Bullmore E. T. , Sahakian B. J. , Robbins T. W. 
Published: July 2009

BackgroundCentral to understanding of the behavioural consequences of depression has been the theory that the disorder is accompanied by an increased sensitivity to negative compared with positive reinforcement (negative bias), whereas other theorists have emphasized a global reduction in sensitivity to reinforcement in depression (blunting).MethodIn this study, we used a probabilistic selection task that was designed to examine independently rates of learning to predict both positive and negative reinforcement. Twenty-three depressed out-patients and 23 healthy controls from the local population participated in the study.ResultsNo evidence for a negative bias was observed on the task, either during acquisition of the task or during generalization of the learned information. Depressed patients responded slower on the task than controls but showed a similar modulation of reaction times (RTs) as controls following reinforcement. Evidence for blunting was observed on the training phase, as reflected in reduced trial-by-trial adjustment during this phase. However, this effect was related specifically to the severity of anhedonia, as measured by the Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), and was independent of overall depression severity.ConclusionsWe argue that the observation of a negative bias or blunting in a group of depressed patients may be dependent on the neuropsychological task and the symptoms of the patients tested. Our results provide insight into how these theories might be further tested.
Degenerate random perturbations of Anosov diffeomorphisms
Authors: YARMOLA TATIANA 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper deals with random perturbations of diffeomorphisms on n-dimensional Riemannian manifolds with distributions supported on k-dimensional disks, where k<n. First we demonstrate general but not very intuitive conditions which guarantee that all invariant measures for rank-k random perturbations of C2 diffeomorphisms are absolutely continuous with respect to the Riemannian measure on M. For two subclasses of Anosov diffeomorphisms, hyperbolic toral automorphisms and Anosov diffeomorphisms with codimension 1 stable manifolds, the above conditions are modified in order to relate k-dimensional disks that support the distributions to certain foliations that arise from Anosov diffeomorphisms. We conclude that generic rank-k random perturbations have absolutely continuous invariant measures.
Livšic theorems for non-commutative groups including diffeomorphism groups and results on the existence of conformal structures for Anosov systems
Authors: DE LA LLAVE RAFAEL , WINDSOR ALISTAIR 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe celebrated Livšic theorem [A. N. Livšic, Certain properties of the homology ofY-systems,Mat. Zametki 10(1971), 555–564; A. N. Livšic, Cohomology of dynamical systems,Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat. 36(1972), 1296–1320] states that given a manifoldM, a Lie groupG, a transitive Anosov diffeomorphismfonMand a Hölder functionη:M↦Gwhose range is sufficiently close to the identity, it is sufficient for the existence of ϕ:M↦Gsatisfyingη(x)=ϕ(f(x))ϕ(x)−1that a condition—obviously necessary—on the cocycle generated byηrestricted to periodic orbits is satisfied. In this paper we present a new proof of the main result. These methods allow us to treat cocycles taking values in the group of diffeomorphisms of a compact manifold. This has applications to rigidity theory. The localization procedure we develop can be applied to obtain some new results on the existence of conformal structures for Anosov systems.
A renormalization group approach to quasiperiodic motion with Brjuno frequencies
Authors: KOCH HANS , KOCIĆ SAŠA 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe introduce a renormalization group scheme that applies to vector fields on 𝕋d×ℝm with frequency vectors that satisfy a Brjuno condition. Earlier approaches were restricted to Diophantine frequencies, owing to a limited control of multidimensional continued fractions. We get around this restriction by avoiding the use of a continued-fractions expansion. Our results concerning invariant tori generalize those of [H. Koch and S. Kocić, Renormalization of vector fields and Diophantine invariant tori. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.28 (2008), 1559–1585] from Diophantine- to Brjuno-type frequency vectors. In particular, each Brjuno vector ω∈ℝd determines an analytic manifold 𝒲 of infinitely renormalizable vector fields, and each vector field on 𝒲 is shown to have an elliptic invariant d-torus with frequencies ω1,ω2,…,ωd.
Symbolic images and invariant measures of dynamical systems
Authors: OSIPENKO GEORGE 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLet f be a homeomorphism of a compact manifold M. The Krylov–Bogoloubov theorem guarantees the existence of a measure that is invariant with respect to f. The set of all invariant measures ℳ(f) is convex and compact in the weak topology. The goal of this paper is to construct the set ℳ(f). To obtain an approximation of ℳ(f), we use the symbolic image with respect to a partition C={M(1),M(2),…,M(n)} of M. A symbolic image G is a directed graph such that a vertex i corresponds to the cell M(i) and an edge i→j exists if and only if f(M(i))∩M(j)≠0̸. This approach lets us apply the coding of orbits and symbolic dynamics to arbitrary dynamical systems. A flow on the symbolic image is a probability distribution on the edges which satisfies Kirchhoff’s law at each vertex, i.e. the incoming flow equals the outgoing one. Such a distribution is an approximation to some invariant measure. The set of flows on the symbolic image G forms a convex polyhedron ℳ(G) which is an approximation to the set of invariant measures ℳ(f). By considering a sequence of subdivisions of the partitions, one gets sequence of symbolic images Gk and corresponding approximations ℳ(Gk) which tend to ℳ(f) as the diameter of the cells goes to zero. If the flows mk on each Gk are chosen in a special manner, then the sequence {mk} converges to some invariant measure. Every invariant measure can be obtained by this method. Applications and numerical examples are given.
Intense heavy ion beams as a pumping source for short wavelength lasers
Authors: Adonin A. , Turtikov V. , Ulrich A. , Jacoby J. , Hoffmann D.H.H. , Wieser J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe high energy loss of heavy ions in matter as well as the small angular scattering makes heavy ion beams an excellent tool to produce almost cylindrical and homogeneously excited volumes in matter. This aspect can be used to pump short wavelength lasers. For the first time, a beam of heavy ions was used to pump a short wavelength gas laser in an experiment performed at the GSI ion accelerator facility in December 2005. In this experiment, the well-known KrF* excimer laser was pumped with an intense uranium beam. Pulses of an uranium beam compressed down to 110 ns (full width at half maximum) with initial particle energy of 250 MeV per nucleon were stopped inside a gas laser cell. A mixture of an excimer laser premix gas (95.5%Kr + 0.5%F2) and a buffer gas (Ar) in different proportions was used as the laser gas. The maximum beam intensity reached in the experiment was 2.5 × 109particles per pulse, which resulted in 34 J/g specific energy deposited in the laser gas. The laser effect on the transition at λ = 248 nm has been successfully demonstrated by various independent methods. There, the laser threshold was reached with a beam intensity of 1.2 × 109particles per pulse, and the energy of the laser pulse of about 2 mJ was measured for an ion beam intensity of 2 × 109particles per pulse. As a next step, it is planned to reduce the laser wavelength down to the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region, and to proceed to the excimer lasers of the pure rare gases. The perspectives for such experiments are discussed and the detailed estimations for Xe and Kr cases are given. We believe that the use of heavy ion beams as a pumping source may lead to new pumping schemes on the higher lying level transitions and considerably shorter wavelengths, which rely on the high cross sections for multiple ionization of the target species.
Generation of strong magnetic fields from laser interaction with two-layer targets
Authors: Wu S.Z. , Zhou C.T. , He X.T. , Zhu S.-P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA two-layer target irradiated by an intense laser to generate strong interface magnetic field is proposed. The mechanism is analyzed through a simply physical model and investigated by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. The effect of laser intensity on the resulting magnetic field strength is also studied. It is found that the magnetic field can reach up to several ten megagauss for laser intensity at 1019 Wcm−2.