bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality Measurement as a Prerequisite for Improving Hypertension Control in an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Syrrokosta Fani E. , Lampropoulos Konstantinos M. , Papargyriou Ioannis , Papadogiannis Dimitrios 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:Quality of care provided by the outpatient hypertension unit of a general hospital was measured using quality indicators (QIs) derived from guidelines.Hypothesis:Measuring provided quality of care is an important step for improving it.Methods:We enrolled 1206 patients with hypertension, 626 men and 580 women, with a mean age of 55.33 ± 12.08 years. Median follow‐up was 47 months (minimum: 6 months, maximum: 349 months, interquartile range). We calculated the percentage of patients who achieved the targets of controlling blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol, low‐ and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, uric acid, potassium, sodium, creatinine clearance, Sokolow‐Lyon index, and left ventricle hypertrophy in echo between the first and the last visit. Patient satisfaction and the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke were evaluated as outcome indicators.Results:The BP was controlled in 40% of patients at the end of the study, compared with 11% at the first visit. We did not manage to achieve significant improvement for other QIs. A wide range of hypertensive patients and lack of a quality improvement program are the main reasons for low control rate. During follow‐up, we obtained the increased incidence of cardiovascular events by outcome indicators such as CAD, MI, and stroke.Conclusions:Quality measurement shows us that the quality of provided care needs further improvement. Although we succeeded in controlling BP in 40% of patients, we did not manage to improve the other QIs. Modifying our structure and process components, we are working on improving outcome by achieving better control of QIs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
olig2‐expressing hindbrain cells are required for migrating facial motor neurons
Authors: Zannino Denise A. , Sagerström Charles G. , Appel Bruce 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe complicated trajectory of facial motor neuron migration requires coordination of intrinsic signals and cues from the surrounding environment. Migration begins in rhombomere (r) 4 where facial motor neurons are born and proceeds in a caudal direction. Once facial motor neurons reach their target rhombomeres, they migrate laterally and radially from the ventral neural tube. In zebrafish, as facial motor neurons migrate through r5/r6, they pass near cells that express olig2, which encodes a bHLH transcription factor. In this study, we found that olig2 function is required for facial motor neurons to complete their caudal migration into r6 and r7 and form stereotypical clusters. Additionally, embryos that lack mafba function, in which facial motor neurons also fail to complete caudal migration, lack olig2 expression in r5 and r6. Our data raise the possibility that cells expressing olig2 are intermediate targets that help guide facial motor neuron migration. Developmental Dynamics 241:315–326, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Highly Selective Fluorescent and Colorimetric Chemosensor for ZnII and Its Application in Cell Imaging
Authors: Xie Guoqiang , Shi Yanjun , Hou Fengping , Liu Hongyan , Huang Liang , Xi Pinxian , Chen Fengjuan , Zeng Zhengzhi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA fluorescent, colorimetric chemosensor, L1, based on 8‐aminoquinoline, has been developed as a sensor for Zn2+. L1 exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity towards Zn2+ over other common metal ions in a physiological pH window with a 1:1 binding mode. The ability of L1 to monitor intracellular Zn2+ in living cells has been examined by fluorescence microscopy and indicated that L1 is cell‐permeable and biocompatible. We hope that such Zn2+‐selective sensors will find application in biomedical and environmental detection.
Diastereoselective Alkyl Grignard 1,4‐Additions to para‐Substituted (2R)‐N‐Cinnamoylbornane‐10,2‐sultam Derivatives: Influence of N‐Atom Pyramidalization
Authors: Piątek Anna M. , Sadowska Agnieszka , Chapuis Christian , Jurczak Janusz 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSeveral typical 13C‐NMR displacements (of CO, C(α), C(β), and Cipso), as well as conformational or energy properties (SNCO dihedral angle, ΔE syn/anti; HOMO/LUMO) could be correlated with the electronic parameters of p‐substituted N‐cinnamoylbornane‐10,2‐sultams 2. Even under nonchelating conditions, the pyramidalization of the sultam N‐atom decreases for electron‐attracting p‐substituents, inducing a modification of the sultam‐ring puckering. Detailed comparison of the X‐ray structure analyses of 2b, 2d, and 2m showed that the orientation of the sterically directing pseudo‐axial SO(2) and HC(2) is modified and precludes any conclusion about the π‐facial stereoelectronic influence of the N lone pair on the alkyl Grignard 1,4‐addition. We also showed that the aggregating alkyl Grignard reagent may be used in equimolar fashion, demonstrating that the sultam moiety is chelated with a Lewis acid such as MgBr2. The Schlenk equilibrium may also be used to generate the appropriate conditions of effective 1,4‐diastereoselectivity. Although the anti‐s‐cis/syn‐s‐cis difference of conformational energies for N‐cinnamoyl derivatives 2 is higher than for the simple N‐crotonoyl analogue, an X‐ray structure analysis of the SO2/CO syn derivative 10 confirms the predictive validity of our conformational calculations for ΔE≤1.8 kcal/mol.
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Novel 2′‐Aminospiro[11H‐indeno[1,2‐b]quinoxaline‐11,4′‐[4H]pyran] Derivatives via a One‐Pot Four‐Component Reaction
Authors: Hasaninejad Alireza , Golzar Nooshin , Shekouhy Mohsen , Zare Abdolkarim 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA sequential one‐pot four‐component reaction for the efficient synthesis of novel 2′‐aminospiro[11H‐indeno[1,2‐b]quinoxaline‐11,4′‐[4H]pyran] derivatives 5 in the presence of AcONH4 as a neutral, inexpensive, and dually activating catalyst is described (Scheme 1). The syntheses are achieved by reacting ninhydrin (1) with benzene‐1,2‐diamines 2 to give indenoquinoxalines, which are trapped in situ by malono derivatives 2 and various α‐methylenecarbonyl compounds 4 through cyclization, providing the multifunctionalized 2′‐aminospiro[11H‐indeno[1,2‐b]quinoxaline‐11,4′‐[4H]pyran] analogs 5. This chemistry provides an efficient and promising synthetic way of proceeding for the diversity‐oriented construction of the spiro[indenoquinoxalino‐pyran] skeleton.
An Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active trans‐(3R,4R)‐3‐Acetoxy‐4‐aryl‐1‐(chrysen‐6‐yl)azetidin‐2‐ones Using (+)‐Car‐3‐ene as a Chiral Auxiliary
Authors: Shaikh Aarif L. , Esparza Orlando , Banik Bimal K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn efficient enantioselective synthesis of 3‐acetoxy trans‐β‐lactams 7a and 7b via [2+2] cycloaddition reactions of imines 4a and 4b, derived from a polycyclic aromatic amine and bicyclic chiral acid obtained from (+)‐car‐3‐ene, is described. The cycloaddition was found to be highly enantioselective, producing only trans‐(3R,4R)‐N‐azetidin‐2‐one in very good yields. This is the first report of the synthesis of enantiomerically pure trans‐β‐lactams 7a and 7b with a polycyclic aromatic substituent at N(1) of the azetidin ring.
Mef2c deletion in osteocytes results in increased bone mass
Authors: Kramer Ina , Baertschi Stefan , Halleux Christine , Keller Hansjoerg , Kneissel Michaela 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Myocyte enhancer factors 2 (MEF2) are required for expression of the osteocyte bone formation inhibitor Sost in vitro, implying these transcription factors in bone biology. Here, we analyzed the in vivo function of Mef2c in osteocytes in male and female mice during skeletal growth and aging. Dmp1-Cre–induced Mef2c deficiency led to progressive decreases in Sost expression by 40% and 70% in femoral cortical bone at 3.5 months and 5 to 6 months of age. From 2 to 3 months onward, bone mass was increased in the appendicular and axial skeleton of Mef2c mutant relative to control mice. Cortical thickness and long bone and vertebral trabecular density were elevated. To assess whether the increased bone mass was related to the decreased Sost expression, we characterized 4-month-old heterozygous Sost-deficient mice. Sost heterozygotes displayed similar increases in long bone mass and density as Mef2c mutants, but the relative increases in axial skeletal parameters were mostly smaller. At the cellular level, bone formation parameters were normal in 3.5-month-old Mef2c mutant mice, whereas bone resorption parameters were significantly decreased. Correspondingly, cortical expression of the anti-osteoclastogenic factor and Wnt/β-catenin target gene osteoprotegerin (OPG) was increased by 70% in Mef2c mutant males. Furthermore, cortical expression of the Wnt signaling modulators Sfrp2 and Sfrp3 was strongly deregulated in both sexes. In contrast, heterozygous Sost deficient males displayed mildly increased osteoblastic mineral apposition rate, but osteoclast surface and cortical expression of osteoclastogenic regulators including OPG were normal and Sfrp2 and Sfrp3 were not significantly changed. Together, our data demonstrate that Mef2c regulates cortical Sfrp2 and Sfrp3 expression and is required to maintain normal Sost expression in vivo. Yet, the increased bone mass phenotype of Mef2c mutants is not directly related to the reduced Sost expression. We identified a novel function for Mef2c in control of adult bone mass by regulation of osteoclastic bone resorption. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
The protein synthesis inhibitors mycalamides A and E have limited susceptibility toward the drug efflux network
Authors: Venturi Veronica , Davies Carolina , Singh A. Jonathan , Matthews James H. , Bellows David S. , Northcote Peter T. , Keyzers Robert A. , Teesdale‐Spittle Paul H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe mycalamides belong to a family of protein synthesis inhibitors noted for antifungal, antitumour, antiviral, immunosuppressive, and nematocidal activities. Here we report a systematic analysis of the role of drug efflux pumps in mycalamide resistance and the first isolation of mycalamide E. In human cell lines, neither P‐glycoprotein overexpression nor the use of efflux pump inhibitors significantly modulated mycalamide A toxicity in the systems tested. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it appears that mycalamide A is subject to efflux by the principle mediator of xenobiotic efflux, Pdr5p along with the major facilitator superfamily pump Tpo1p. Mycalamide E showed a similar efflux profile. These results suggest that future drugs based on the mycalamides are likely to be valuable in situations where efflux pump–based resistance leads to failure of other chemotherapeutic approaches, although efflux may be a mediator of resistance in antifungal applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:94–100, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20414
Intramuscular nerve distribution pattern of the adductor longus and gracilis muscles demonstrated with sihler staining: Guidance for botulinum toxin injection
Authors: Won Sung‐Yoon , Rha Dong‐Wook , Kim Hong‐San , Jung Sang‐Hoon , Park Eun Sook , Hu Kyung‐Seok , Kim Hee‐Jin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIntroduction: The aims of this study were to clarify the intramuscular branching patterns and arborizing area of hip adductor muscles with reference to surface landmarks on the thigh and to thus suggest effective and safe injection points for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). Methods: Ten gracilis and 10 adductor longus specimens were subjected to Sihler staining to reveal intramuscular nerve arborization patterns, and findings were matched with and referred to surface landmarks. Using these results, we determined the optimal location for BoNT injection in hip adductors in relation to the long axis of the femur. Results: The corrected, most dense areas of innervation in adductor longus and gracilis were typically 30–50% and 40–50% from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) along the vertical line of the femur, respectively. Conclusions: The most effective and safest point for BoNT injection into adductor muscles appears to be between 35% and 50% from ASIS, where neuromuscular junctions are most densely distributed. Muscle Nerve 46: 80–85, 2012
Putting Fluency on a Fitness Plan : Building Fluency's Meaning‐Making Muscles
Authors: Marcell Barclay 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article presents an historical framework of fluency assessment and instruction, while at the same time advocating for a broader definition of fluency itself. Practical suggestions are made that seek to align reading rate and accuracy, alongside expression and comprehension, with the goal of developing “real” readers.
Vacuum Arc Discharge on Integrally Cold Cathode
Authors: Lisenkov A. A. , Valuev V. P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractInitial researches of the existence of a cathode spot on the working surface were conducted in vacuum arc plasma sources of the coaxial design. The moving of the cathode spots on the limited sizes working surface does not give full picture of the development of the arc discharge. This article describes the vacuum arc plasma source of extended design generating the directed belt plasma stream and operating in pulse mode. The researches carried out give additional information about development of the cathode spots of the vacuum arc discharge. It is found that the speed of the cathode spots' motion depends on the cathode temperature.
Mikrowellen‐Plasmabrenner bei Atmosphärendruck
Authors: Schulz Andreas , Leins Martina , Kopecki Jochen , Walker Matthias , Stroth Ulrich 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDie Entwicklung des Mikrowellen‐Plasmabrenners zeigt, dass eine Kombination von zwei Resonatoren zielführend für eine zuverlässige Zündung unter Atmosphärendruck und einen stabilen Dauerbetrieb mit hohen Leistungen ist. Durch den koaxialen Bereich kann ein angepasstes Gasmanagement mit Hüllströmungen und guter Durchmischung erzeugt werden. Die spektroskopische Untersuchung des Brenners gibt Aufschluss über die räumliche Temperaturverteilung im Plasma. Dazu wird die Verteilung der OH‐Rotations‐Schwingungsbande mit hoher spektroskopischer Auflösung sichtliniengemittelt aufgenommen. Bei einem Luftplasma wird eine konstante Gastemperatur von 3600 K im Kern ermittelt. Sie ist unabhängig von den äußeren Parametern, wie Mikrowellenleistung oder Gasfluss. Einzig das Plasmavolumen passt sich an, um den Energieinhalt konstant zu halten.
Variation in liana abundance and biomass along an elevational gradient in the tropical Atlantic Forest (Brazil)
Authors: Alves Luciana F. , Assis Marco A. , van Melis Juliano , Barros Ana L. S. , Vieira Simone A. , Martins Fernando R. , Martinelli Luiz A. , Joly Carlos A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLianas play a key role in forest structure, species diversity, as well as functional aspects of tropical forests. Although the study of lianas in the tropics has increased dramatically in recent years, basic information on liana communities for the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is still scarce. To understand general patterns of liana abundance and biomass along an elevational gradient (0–1,100 m asl) of coastal Atlantic Forest, we carried out a standard census for lianas ≥1 cm in five 1‐ha plots distributed across different forest sites. On average, we found a twofold variation in liana abundance and biomass between lowland and other forest types. Large lianas (≥10 cm) accounted for 26–35% of total liana biomass at lower elevations, but they were not recorded in montane forests. Although the abundance of lianas displayed strong spatial structure at short distances, the present local forest structure played a minor role structuring liana communities at the scale of 0.01 ha. Compared to similar moist and wet Neotropical forests, lianas are slightly less abundant in the Atlantic Forest, but the total biomass is similar. Our study highlights two important points: (1) despite some studies have shown the importance of small‐scale canopy disturbance and support availability, the spatial scale of the relationships between lianas and forest structure can vary greatly among tropical forests; (2) our results add to the evidence that past canopy disturbance levels and minimum temperature variation exert influence on the structure of liana communities in tropical moist forests, particularly along short and steep elevational gradients.
The Relationship of Body Mass Index and Abdominal Fat on the Radiation Dose Received during Routine Computed Tomographic Imaging of the Abdomen and Pelvis
Authors: Chan Victoria O. , McDermott Shaunagh , Buckley Orla , Allen Sonya , Casey Michael , O'Laoide Risteard , Torreggiani William C. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose To determine the relationship of increasing body mass index (BMI) and abdominal fat on the effective dose acquired from computed tomography (CT) abdomen and pelvis scans. Methods Over 6 months, dose-length product and total milliamp-seconds (mAs) from routine CT abdomen and pelvis scans of 100 patients were recorded. The scans were performed on a 64-slice CT scanner by using an automatic exposure control system. Effective dose (mSv) based on dose-length product, BMI, periumbilical fat thickness, and intra-abdominal fat were documented for each patient. BMI, periumbilical fat thickness, and intra-abdominal fat were compared with effective dose. Results Thirty-nine men and 61 women were included in the study (mean age, 56.3 years). The mean BMI was 26.2 kg/m2. The mean effective dose was 10.3 mSv. The mean periumbilical fat thickness was 2.4 cm. Sixty-five patients had a small amount of intra-abdominal fat, and 35 had a large amount of intra-abdominal fat. The effective dose increased with increasing BMI ( P < .001) and increasing amounts of intra-abdominal fat ( P < .001). For every kilogram of weight, there is a 0.13 mSv increase in effective dose, which is equal to 6.5 chest radiographs per CT examination. For an increase in BMI by 5 kg/m2, there is a 1.95 mSv increase in effective dose, which is equal to 97.5 chest radiographs per CT examination. Conclusion Increasing BMI and abdominal fat significantly increases the effective dose received from CT abdomen and pelvis scans.
Radiological Assessment of Femoral Rotation: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Chester Lie Wai-Hung , Kwong-Yuen Chiu , Tze-Pui Ng 
Published: December 2011

Purpose To define how the lesser trochanter can be used in an objective manner to assess the femoral rotation in plain radiograph. Methods Eighteen pairs of cadaveric femurs from Chinese individuals were used in this study. For each femur, radiographs were taken in the following positions with reference to the anatomical trans-epicondylar axis: neutral position; 5°,10°,15°, and 20° internal rotation; and 5°,10°,15°, and 20° external rotation. Lesser-trochanter index, which was defined as the width of lesser trochanter divided by the remaining width of the proximal femur, measured at the level of its most prominent point, which was perpendicular to the anatomical axis of the proximal femur, was obtained on a Picture Archiving Communication System workstation in every radiograph. Statistical analyses were performed by using a statistical software R (R language, version 2.12.0). Results The lesser-trochanter index showed positive correlation with increasing external rotation of femur: correlation coefficient = 0.75 (p < 0.00001). Analysis-of-variance test showed that the lesser-trochanter indexes of Group 1 (20° and 15° internal rotation), Group 2 (10° internal rotation to 10° external rotation), and Group 3 (15° and 20° external rotation) had statistically significant differences (p < 0.00001). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the cutoff value of lesser-trochanter index to distinguish the three groups. By using the lower cutoff value as 0.17, we can distinguish Group 2 from Group 1 with a sensitivity of 0.85 and a specificity of 0.65. By using the upper cutoff value as 0.28, we can distinguish Group 2 from Group 3 with a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.73. Conclusion The lesser-trochanter index can be used as a method to assess the rotational alignment of femur in plain radiograph. It is simple, objective, not affected by the factor of magnification, and can be applied to both long and short films.
The Sora porphyry Cu-Mo deposit (Kuznetsk Alatau): magmatism and effect of mantle plume on the development of ore-magmatic system
Authors: Berzina A.P. , Berzina A.N. , Gimon V.O. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Several complexes are recognized within the Sora porphyry Cu-Mo deposit: plutonogenic, porphyry (ore-bearing), and dike. They formed since Ordovician till Devonian at the collision, postcollisional, and rift stages of the regional evolution, respectively. Magmatism was manifested at the deposit synchronously with intraplate magmatism, which was widespread within Kuznetsk Alatau and was initiated by the Altai–Sayan mantle plume. In structural position and geochemical characteristics the dike complex is similar to the intraplate complexes in adjacent regions. It formed after the development of the Sora ore-magmatic system including the plutonogenic and porphyry complexes with similar geochemistry and metallogeny. According to the models for the relationship of mantle plumes with ore-magmatic systems, the plutonogenic and porphyry complexes of the Sora deposit developed at the stage of the thermal plume effect on lithosphere, which caused its melting and, as a result, calc-alkalic magmatism. A change of the collision and postcollisional geodynamic regime by the rift one favored the ascent of plume melts, which then participated in the formation of intraplate structures, in particular, the dike complex of the Sora deposit.
Derived moduli of schemes and sheaves
Authors: Pridham J.P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe describe derived moduli functors for a range of problems involving schemes and quasi-coherent sheaves, and give cohomological conditions for them to be representable by derived geometric n-stacks. Examples of problems represented by derived geometric 1-stacks are derived moduli of polarised projective varieties, derived moduli of vector bundles, and derived moduli of abelian varieties.