bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and tribological properties of self‐assembled poly(amide amine)‐Cu nanofilm on silicon
Authors: Cui Baofeng , Zhang Ling , Zhou Huidi , Zhang Junyan , Chen Jianmin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSelf‐assembled poly(amide amine)‐copper (PAMAM/Cu) film on silicon was prepared and investigated by means of contact angle measurement, XPS and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The tribological properties were evaluated using a reciprocal ball‐on‐disc test rig and a lateral force microscope. Results of XPS show the existence of Cu(0) and PAMAM molecule on the surface of the film. Compared with the self‐assembled monolayer of the poly(amide amine) generation 4.0 dendrimer, the friction force of PAMAM/Cu film is lower and the friction coefficient is smaller which can be attributed to the existence of Cu nanoparticles. The PAMAM/Cu film shows a good lubrication effect. The stability of friction and wear resistance of film is improved. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homing‐pigeon‐based messaging: multiple pigeon‐assisted delivery in delay‐tolerant networks
Authors: Guo Hui , Li Jiang , Hu Rose Qingyang , Qian Yi 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we consider the applications of delay‐tolerant networks (DTNs), where the nodes in a network are located in separated areas, and in each separated area, there exists (at least) an anchor node that provides regional network coverage for the nearby nodes. The anchor nodes are responsible for collecting and distributing messages for the nodes in the vicinity. This work proposes to use a set of messengers (named pigeons) that move around the network to deliver messages among multiple anchor nodes. Each source node (anchor node or Internet access point) owns multiple dedicated pigeons, and each pigeon takes a round trip starting from its home (i.e., the source) through the destination anchor nodes and then returns home, disseminating the messages on its way. We named this as a homing‐pigeon‐based messaging (HoPM) scheme. The HoPM scheme is different from the prior schemes in that each messenger is completely dedicated to its home node for providing messaging service. We obtained the average message delay of HoPM scheme in DTN through theoretical analysis with three different pigeon scheduling schemes. The analytical model was validated by simulations. We also studied the effects of several key parameters on the system performance and compared the results with previous solutions. The results allowed us to better understand the impacts of different scheduling schemes on the system performance of HoPM and demonstrated that our proposed scheme outperforms the previous ones. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Polydimethylsiloxane on the Degradation of Soybean Oil at Frying Temperature
Authors: Gerde Jose A. , Hammond Earl G. , White Pamela J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSoybean oils treated with 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppb polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and a control soybean oil (no PDMS) were heated at 180 °C for 48 h. The decomposition of linoleate (18:2) and tocopherols was monitored. The degradation of 18:2 and both γ‐ and δ‐tocopherols followed pseudo first‐order kinetics. For 25 ppb PDMS (the concentration necessary to form a PDMS monolayer on the air‐oil interface) and greater concentrations, 18:2 degradation decreased at a rate comparable to the control. However, for the samples with 25 ppb or more PDMS, there was a subsequent increase in the rate of 18:2 degradation during the 48 h of heating period. The same trend seen for 18:2 degradation also was observed for the rates of degradation of both γ‐ and δ‐tocopherols; but, for the tocopherols the treatment with 10 ppb PDMS also decreased the rate of degradation. For those PDMS treatments in which a subsequent increase in degradation rates were observed, the rates of degradation after the change were similar to the rate of degradation in the control oil. In general, the time that the changes in rates occurred increased with the PDMS concentrations. The occurrence of these changes was attributed to decreases in the concentrations of tocopherols or PDMS such that the protective effects were lost.
Module structure on Lie powers and natural coalgebra-split sub-Hopf algebras of tensor algebras
Authors: Li J. Y. , Lei F. C. , Wu J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe investigate the functors from modules to modules that occur as the summands of tensor powers and the functors from modules to Hopf algebras that occur as natural coalgebra summands of tensor algebras. The main results provide some explicit natural coalgebra summands of tensor algebras. As a consequence, we obtain some decompositions of Lie powers over the general linear groups.
The Federal Mother: Whitman as Revolutionary Son
Authors: Erkkila Betsy 
Published: April 2011

At the close of the Constitutional Convention in 1787, Benjamin Franklin remarked on the radiant sun painted on the back of George Washington's chair: “I have,” he said, “often and often in the course of the Session … looked at that behind the President without being able to tell whether it was rising or setting. But now at length I have the happiness to know that it is a rising and not a setting sun.” In one of his earliest published poems, “The Columbian's Song,” Whitman draws upon the rising-glory rhetoric of the Revolutionary period to express a similar confidence in America's future:O, my soul is drunk with joy,And my inmost heart is glad,To think my country's star will notThrough endless ages fade,That on its upward glorious courseOur red eyed eagle leaps,…………That here at length is foundA wide extending shore,Where Freedom's starry gleamShines with unvarying beam.
Emerson's Rhetoric of War
Authors: Lopez Michael 
Published: April 2011

Recent literary theory has questioned the way we look at a text as the product of an individual “author.” But for William James—who was, like Emerson, a thoroughly nineteenth-century mind-any utterance, even the most complicated philosophical system, was at bottom the expression of the personality of the author. The history of philosophy, James believed, was in essence the “clash of human temperaments,” and temperament seems to gravitate to either the “idealistic” or what James denned as the “materialistic” pole:Idealism will be chosen by a man of one emotional constitution, materialism by another.… [I]dealism gives to the nature of things such kinship with our personal selves. Our own thoughts are what we are most at home with, what we are least afraid of. To say then that the universe is essentially thought, is to say that I myself, potentially at least, am all. There is no radically alien corner, but an all-prevading intimacy. … That element in reality which every strong man of common-sense willingly feels there because it calls forth powers that he owns-the rough, harsh, sea-wave, north-wind element, the denier of persons, the democratizer-is banished because it jars too much on the desire for communication. Now, it is the very enjoyment of this element that throws many men upon the materialistic or agnostic hypothesis, as a polemic reaction against the contrary extreme. They sicken at a life wholly constituted of intimacy. There is an overpowering desire at moments to escape personality, to revel in the action of forces that have no respect for our ego, to let the tides flow, even though they flow over us. The strife of these two kinds of mental temper will, I think, always be seen in philosophy. Some men will keep insisting on the reason, the atonement, that lies in the heart of things, and that we can act with; others, on the capacity of brute fact that we must react against.
Edward Johnson and the American Puritan Sense of History
Authors: Seavey Ormond 
Published: April 2011

When Edward Johnson needed to express his deepest hopes about history, he found in the Bible an encoded emblem for the destiny of America. In the proclamation from Christ's herald that beginsThe Wonder-Working Providence of Sions Saviour in New England, he concludes with an urgent appeal to all believers:Pray, pray, pray, pray continually with the valiant worthyJoshuathat the Sun may stand still inGibeon, and the Moone in the vally ofAijalon, for assuredly although some small battailes may be fought against the enemies ofChrist, yet the great day of their finall overthrow shall not come till the bright Sonne of that one cleare truth ofChrist, stands still in the Gentile Churches, that those who fight the Lords Battells may plainly discerne his enemies in all places, where they finde them, as also such as will continue fighting must have the World kept low in their eyes, as the Moon in the valley ofAijalon.
Towards the Nuclear Sublime: Representations of Technological Vastness in Postmodern American Poetry
Authors: Wilson Rob 
Published: April 2011

When Brigadier General Thomas Farrell groped to describe (in an official government report) the subjective effect of the first atomic explosion at Alamogordo, New Mexico, at 5:29:50 A.M. on July 16, 1945, he found himself, like many a would-be writer of the sublime before him, at a loss for adequate terms and tropes – stupefied, dwarfed, reaching for hyperbolic endterms like “doomsday” and “blasphemous” and resorting to spaced-out adjectives such as “tremendous” or “awesome” that 19thcentury Americans had reserved for more manageable spectacles of God's grandeur such as Niagara Falls or the Grand Canyon. Though a military man and no poet, as Farrell registered this history-shattering event in words, he struggled to command some rhetoric of ultimacy before nuclear “effects [that] could well be called unprecedented, magnificent, beautiful, stupendous and terrifying”:No man-made phenomenon of such tremendous power had ever occurred before. The lighting effects beggared description. The whole country was lighted by a searing light with the intensity many times that of the midday sun. It was golden, purple, violet, gray and blue. It lighted every peak, crevasse, and mountain range with a clarity and beauty that cannot be described but must be seen to be imagined. It was the beauty the great poets dream about but describe most poorly and inadequately. Thirty seconds after the explosion came, first the air blast pressing hard against people and things, to be followed almost immediately by the strong, sustained awesome roar which warned of doomsday and made us feel that we puny things were blasphemous to dare tamper with the forces heretofore reserved to The Almighty. Words are inadequate tools for the job of acquainting those not present with the physical, mental, and psychological effects. It had to be witnessed to be realized.
Grinding the Gears of Production and Consumption: Representational versus Nonrepresentational Advertising for Automobiles in the Mid-1920s
Authors: Brøgger Fredrik Chr. 
Published: April 2011

In 1926, President Coolidge delivered an address to the American Association of Advertising Agencies in which he acknowledged and praised the role played by advertising in the economic life of the nation. His speech was fraught with cultural contradictions: one moment he affirmed the traditional values of industry and thrift, and the next moment, almost in the same breath, he heralded the idea of increased spending and consumption. The address reflected the small-town ideology of a government leadership trying to remain convinced that modern-day advertising posed no threat to the 19th-century work ethic. The ideological dividedness of Coolidge's speech brings to mind a man happily sawing away at the branch on which he is sitting. Advertising is “not an economic waste”:[R]ightfully applied, it is the method by which the desire is created for better things. When that once exists, new ambition is developed for the creation and use of wealth.
Glucocorticoids Inhibit Sodium Depletion-induced Salt Appetite in Rat
Authors: Liu Chao , Guan Jing , Chen Ying , Liu Kunshen 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGlucocorticoids, produced in adrenal cortex, exert potent natriuretic and diuretic actions in the kidney. Recently, it has been found that glucocorticoids could upregulate the expression of natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A), the primary receptor of atrial natriuretic peptide, in the hypothalamus of the rat. Consequently, systemic administration of glucocorticoid could block dehydration-induced water intake by activation hypothalamic NPR-A. We describe here glucocorticoids could inhibit sodium intake when administrated systemically in conscious, salt-depleted rats; an effect which was strong and long-lasting. The study provided further evidence for the actions of glucocorticoids on central nervous system, which together with their established renal actions coordinated to normalize extracellular fluid volume.
A Note On The Denisova Cave mtDNA Sequence
Authors: Caldararo Niccolo , Guthrie Michael 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe recently published Altai fossil sequence from Denisova Cave was purported to be so different from anatomically modern humans, yet have the physiological landmarks of that species designation. When the published sequence was examined it was found that segments in the mtDNA hypervariable regions could be found to align with that of anatomically modern humans if one introduced an insertion at a position found in Neanderthals. Some other points of interest arise from a reconsideration of the sequences for other published samples and Neanderthals from the same perspective.
INCF Workshops on Needs for Training in Neuroinformatics: Extended and Short Course Provision
Authors: Willshaw David 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe second and third INCF Workshops on Training in Neuroinformatics were organized by the INCF National Node of the UK. In these workshops, the issues arising in providing extended courses, such as a full time Masters, or short courses, of a few days or a few weeks, were discussed. There was a focus on how the INCF could facilitate training in these types of courses. In this report, the recommendations from all three Training workshops are brought together.
SBML Level 3 Package Proposal: Annotation
Authors: Hucka Michael , Laibe Camille , Juty Nick , Liebermeister Wolfram , Keating Sarah , Lloyd Catherine , Knuepfer Christian , Misirli Goksel , Schulz Marvin , Waltemath Dagmar , Taschuk Morgan , Swainston Neil , Le Novère Nicolas , Lister Allyson , Bergmann Frank , Henkel Ron , Krause Falko , Hoops Stefan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe annotation of Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) models with semantic terms has been supported for a number of years. The prevalence of such annotated models is growing, with repositories such as Biomodels.net and an increasing number of software tools supporting and encouraging their use and development.With the increasing use of semantic annotations in the context of systems biology modeling has come the realization that the current Core SBML specification defining their use contains limitations that reduce the scope of metadata that can be captured in such models.SBML Level 3 provides the facility to propose and develop optional extensions to the Core specification. One such extension is described here, with an initial proposal of an Annotation package.This proposal extends the current Core annotation specification to provide support for a richer set of semantic annotations while adhering more closely to the existing specification of Resource Description Framework (RDF).
Structural Modeling and Validation of Rep protein of Begomovirus Strains (TLCBV and TYLCTHV)
Authors: Prajapat Rajneesh , Bajpai Vivek , Gaur Rajarshi Kumar 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHomology modeling involves taking a known sequence with an unknown structure and mapping it against a known structure of one or several similar (homologous) proteins. It would be expected that two proteins of similar origin and function would have reasonable structural similarity. Therefore it is possible to use the known structure as a template for modeling the structure of the unknown structure. Proteins that share the same function generally have similar structures. During alignment if two proteins show maximum sequence identity they also show a similar folding pattern. This principal has became the foundation of homology modeling.The Geminivirus taxonomic group of plant viruses is characterized by geminate particles and genomes consisting of single-stranded circular DNA molecules of about 2.5 to 2.8 kb in size. Agricultural plants are threatened by many diseases caused by whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses. Since these diseases are in a fast spreading phase, it is urgent to devise rapid diagnosis methods and to produce resistant plants.
Prediction Of Cancer Possibility By Pattern Recognition And Statistical Study Of Expression Of Gene Level Of Cancer Cells
Authors: Mallick Medhavi , Odedra Devang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe activity of the p53 tumor-suppressor protein has a key role in controlling both cancer and aging: under activity encourages the growth of cancer, and over activity can accelerate the aging process. The p53 protein is a tumor suppressor encoded by a gene whose disruption is associated with approximately 50 to 55 percent of human cancers. The p53 protein acts as a checkpoint in the cell cycle, either preventing or initiating programmed cell death (Apoptosis). p53 regulating genes MDM2, PARP, Oncogenicras, and p21 etc play a crucial role in tumor suppression.
Development and application of molecular and bioinformatic tools for the genetic monitoring of wild beets
Authors: Enders Matthias , Frese Lothar , Nachtigall Marion 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCrop Wild Relatives (CWR) are an economically important plant genetic resource (PGR) for plant breeding. One strategy to conserve PGR in the natural habitat (in situ) is the genetic reserve technique. This approach protects the existing intraspecific diversity and allows, in contrast to the ex situ approaches, the emergence of new diversity.The genetic reserve conservation technique will be tested in practice with the Genus Beta within the framework of the EU Project “AEGRO”. Beta patula (Ait.) (BP) and Beta vulgaris (L.) maritima (Arcang.) (BVM) are used as models. Both species are important resources for sugar beet breeding. BP is a rare and endangered species with a very limited habitat. In contrast BVM is widespread along the shores of Western Europe. This subspecies is expected to migrate in a northward direction as a consequence of the global climate change. The impact of this migration on the genetic diversity will be examined in future analyses and will establish a basis for future research.A total of 557 plants from 14 sampling plots were analyzed using 25 SSR markers (Simple Sequence Repeat Marker). Additionally, a monitoring database for storing and post processing all laboratory and field data was developed.For the first time the geographic pattern of genetic diversity in the wild beet BP was described and decision criteria for the establishment of a genetic reserve for BP was postulated. The knowledge of geographic patterns of genetic diversity in the wild beet BVM was consolidated as a baseline for further investigations on the potential influence of climate changes and the corresponding geographic range shift on genetic diversity.
Synthesis and characterization of chemically modified sago starch with potential biomedical application (Presented at ChemFerence-2010 at IIT Kanpur, 13 July 2010)
Authors: Singh Akhilesh 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis study was undertaken to assess the potential of highly substitute acetylated sago starch (SS) to be used as a platform for controlled drug delivery. The acetylated sago starch was synthesized and the two parameters i.e. duration of reaction and temperature were optimized. FT-IR spectra showed the corresponding group attachment in the modified form. XRD pattern exhibits change in the physical nature i.e. from crystalline to amorphous. Swelling, hydration and viscosity value exhibits decrease in the respective values in comparison to its native form which is due a to decrease in its hydrophilic value.
How Predictable are Temperature-series Undergoing Noise-controlled Dynamics in the Mediterranean
Authors: Diodato Nazzareno , Bellocchi Gianni 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMediterranean is thought to be sensitive to global climate change, but its future interdecadal variability is uncertain for many climate models. A study was made of the variability of the winter temperature over the Mediterranean Sub-regional Area (MSA), employing a reconstructed temperature series covering the period 1698 to 2010. This paper describes the transformed winter temperature data performed via Empirical Mode Decomposition for the purposes of noise reduction and statistical modeling. This emerging approach is discussed to account for the internal dependence structure of natural climate variability.
Cell–cell communication mimicry with poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels for enhancing β-cell function
Authors: Lin Chien-Chi , Anseth Kristi S. 
Published: April 2011

A biomimetic hydrogel platform was designed to signal encapsulated cells using immobilized cell–cell communication cues, with a focus on enhancing the survival and function of encapsulated pancreatic β-cells to treat type 1 diabetes. When MIN6 cells, a pancreatic β-cell line, were encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels, their survival and glucose responsiveness to insulin were highly dependent on the cell-packing density. A minimum packing density of 10
7
cells/mL was necessary to maintain the survival of encapsulated β-cells without the addition of material functionalities (e.g., cell adhesion ligands). While single cell suspensions can improve diffusion-limited mass transfer, direct cell–cell interactions are limited. Thus, thiolated EphA5-Fc receptor and ephrinA5-Fc ligand were conjugated into PEG hydrogels via a thiol-acrylate photopolymerization to render an otherwise inert PEG hydrogel bioactive. The biomimetic hydrogels presented here can provide crucial cell–cell communication signals for dispersed β-cells and improve their survival and proliferation. Together with the cell-adhesive peptide RGDS, the immobilized fusion proteins (EphA5-Fc and ephrinA5-Fc) synergistically increased the survival of both MIN6 β-cells and dissociated islet cells, both at a very low cell-packing density (< 2 × 10
6
cells/mL). This unique gel platform demonstrates new strategies for tailoring biomimetic environments to enhance the encapsulation of cells that require cell–cell contact to survive and function.
Self-assembling RNA square
Authors: Dibrov Sergey M. , McLean Jaime , Parsons Jerod , Hermann Thomas 
Published: April 2011

The three-dimensional structures of noncoding RNA molecules reveal recurring architectural motifs that have been exploited for the design of artificial RNA nanomaterials. Programmed assembly of RNA nanoobjects from autonomously folding tetraloop–receptor complexes as well as junction motifs has been achieved previously through sequence-directed hybridization of complex sets of long oligonucleotides. Due to size and complexity, structural characterization of artificial RNA nanoobjects has been limited to low-resolution microscopy studies. Here we present the design, construction, and crystal structure determination at 2.2 Å of the smallest yet square-shaped nanoobject made entirely of double-stranded RNA. The RNA square is comprised of 100 residues and self-assembles from four copies each of two oligonucleotides of 10 and 15 bases length. Despite the high symmetry on the level of secondary structure, the three-dimensional architecture of the square is asymmetric, with all four corners adopting distinct folding patterns. We demonstrate the programmed self-assembly of RNA squares from complex mixtures of corner units and establish a concept to exploit the RNA square as a combinatorial nanoscale platform.