bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Note on the Kasparov Product of C*-algebra Extensions
Authors: Wei Changguo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractUsing the Dadarlat isomorphism, we give a characterization for the Kasparov product of C*-algebra extensions. A certain relation between KK(A;𝓠(B)) and KK(A;𝓠(KB)) is also considered when B is not stable, and it is proved that KK(A;𝓠(B)) and KK(A;𝓠(KB)) are not isomorphic in general.
In Situ Synchrotron Study of B19 Phase Formation in an Intermetallic γ‐TiAl Alloy
Authors: Schmoelzer Thomas , Stark Andreas , Schwaighofer Emanuel , Lippmann Thomas , Mayer Svea , Clemens Helmut 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA multitude of phases exists in the binary Ti–Al phase diagram and even greater numbers are formed in structural TiAl alloys, which contain additional alloying elements to improve their properties. In the current study, a Ti–45 Al–3 Mo–0.1 B (in at%) alloy was investigated with respect to the phases occurring in chemical non‐equilibrium. In situ high‐energy X‐ray diffraction experiments enabled to identify a transient phase to be of the B19 type and to determine its temperatures of formation and dissolution.
Small pneumoconiotic opacities on U.S. coal worker surveillance chest radiographs are not predominantly in the upper lung zones
Authors: Laney A. Scott , Petsonk Edward L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundRadiographic shadows of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) are commonly described as predominantly in the upper lung zones.MethodsWe evaluated the lung distribution of small opacities on surveillance chest radiographs (CXRs) taken between 1981 and 2010 among 2,467 underground US coal miners. All had evidence of pneumoconiosis (category ≥1/0), based on the contemporary International Labour Office Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses.ResultsSmall opacity involvement was approximately equal over all lung zones, with 30.7% of the total involvement reported in the upper zones, 37.1% in the middle zones, and 32.1% in the lower zones. Primarily rounded opacities were seen in 62.1% of miners and primarily irregular opacities were seen in 37.9%. Miners with primarily rounded opacities had a distribution with moderate upper zone predominance (upper = 36.8%, middle = 36.5%, and lower = 27.2%). In contrast, miners with primarily irregular opacities showed a lower zone preponderance (upper = 20.5%, middle = 38.4%, and lower = 41.1%).ConclusionThe distribution of small pneumoconiotic opacities on surveillance CXRs of working US coal miners is not consistent with the conventional expectations of upper lung zone predominance. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:793–798, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular Scaffolds Using Multiple Orthogonal Conjugations: Applications in Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery
Authors: Beal David M. , Jones Lyn H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHeteromultifunctional scaffolds that harness sequential “click” reactions will find significant utility in the areas of chemical biology and chemically enabled/enhanced biotherapeutics (“chemologics”). Here we review the existing synthetic technologies that illustrate the considerable potential of the field.
Deliberation Versus Intuition: Decomposing the Role of Expertise in Judgment and Decision Making
Authors: Dijkstra Koen A. , van der Pligt Joop , van Kleef Gerben A. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWhat produces better judgments: deliberating or relying on intuition? Past research is inconclusive. We focus on the role of expertise to increase understanding of the effects of judgment mode. We propose a framework in which expertise depends on a person's experience with and knowledge about a domain. Individuals who are relatively experienced but have modest knowledge about the subject matter (“intermediates”) are expected to suffer from deliberation and to benefit from a more intuitive approach, because they lack the formal knowledge to understand the reasons underlying their preferences. Individuals who are high (“experts”) or low (“novices”) on both experience and knowledge are expected to do well or poorly, respectively, regardless of decision mode. We tested these predictions in the domain of art. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that intermediates performed better when relying on intuition than after deliberation. Judgments of experts and novices were unaffected. In line with previous research relating processing style to judgment mode, Experiment 3 showed that the effect of processing style (global versus local) on judgment quality is similarly moderated by expertise. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A brief introduction to data mining projects in the humanities
Authors: Hagood Jonathan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEditor's SummaryData mining offers the capability to view data in a new light, discovering associations and patterns not appreciated before. For the humanities domain, it exemplifies the interdisciplinary efforts of digital humanities. The technique provides answers and prompts further questions from new discoveries. Part of knowledge discovery in databases, data mining involves identifying relevant n‐grams, classifying and reclassifying results, modeling the interdependence of variables and clustering results into meaningful subgroups. From designing research questions to determining how best to display and communicate results, the process requires collaboration between information professionals and humanities scholars. A selection of data mining projects illustrates how the technique is being applied for humanities research. Tools for data mining are readily available online, through simple web interfaces or for download and customization for optimal results.
Pale Males 2.0: Revisiting a traditional american studies project using digital humanities tools
Authors: Margolin Stephanie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEditor's SummaryThough research papers have traditionally been presented as text, digital humanities tools bring new capabilities that can transform a presentation. Moving from a familiar written format to a digital multimedia work can be daunting, involving an unfamiliar work process. Technology options and support are available through a variety of sources, including universities, the American Studies Association's Digital Humanities Caucus and the Alliance for Digital Humanities Organizations. Choosing a presentation tool that supports desired features, such as interactive conversation, is key. While the process of developing a digital presentation can be initially challenging for an author, reproducing a traditional thesis in a dynamic format makes it more lively and engaging, collaborative and available for broader use.
When computers read: Literary analysis and digital technology
Authors: Jones Sarah 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEditor's SummaryThe study of literature is changing in dramatic ways, stimulated by new opportunities that digital technology presents. Data visualization upends the dynamic for literary analysis, focusing not on questions stemming from a critic's personal viewpoint but on revealing and displaying connections between elements of the literary experience. The dominant association between critic and text is downplayed, replaced with associations within the text and between it and its context. The basis of interpretation shifts from reading to seeing, from qualitative analysis to quantitative. The reader's role is transformed, as well, from following the critic's path of thinking to actively exploring a network of multisensory and interdisciplinary information. The distinction between the authoritative presenter/critic and the learner/explorer is blurred. By inviting literary scholars to ask different questions for computational analysis, digital technology and visualization inspire innovative investigations and enable new insights.
Catalytic Azide Reduction in Biological Environments
Authors: Sasmal Pijus K. , Carregal‐Romero Susana , Han Alice A. , Streu Craig N. , Lin Zhijie , Namikawa Kazuhiko , Elliott Samantha L. , Köster Reinhard W. , Parak Wolfgang J. , Meggers Eric 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn the quest for the identification of catalytic transformations to be used in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, we identified iron(III) meso‐tetraarylporphines as efficient catalysts for the reduction of aromatic azides to their amines. The reaction uses thiols as reducing agents and tolerates water, air, and other biological components. A caged fluorophore was employed to demonstrate that the reduction can be performed even in living mammalian cells. However, in vivo experiments in nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) revealed a limitation to this method: the metabolic reduction of aromatic azides.
Initial findings of impact of strut width on stent coverage and apposition of sirolimus‐eluting stents assessed by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Nakatani Shimpei , Nishino Masami , Taniike Masayuki , Makino Nobuhiko , Kato Hiroyasu , Egami Yasuyuki , Shutta Ryu , Tanouchi Jun , Yamada Yoshio 
Published: April 2012

ObjectivesWe investigate the influence of stent design on stent coverage at 6–9 months after sirolimus eluting stent (SES) implantation using optical coherence tomography (OCT).BackgroundAlthough some reports suggest that stent design may correlate with stent coverage of stent struts, there were few detailed data whether stent design impact on stent coverage in the same drug‐eluting stent.MethodsA total of 21 SESs (15 patients), who had implanted 2.5, 2.75, and 3.0 mm stents, underwent OCT at 6–9 months after stent implantation. SES is constructed by two different strut width‐components; narrow strut width parts (59 μm) and wide strut width parts (115 μm). Thus, we divided stent struts of SESs into two groups: narrow strut width parts (narrow group) and wide ones (wide group). We compared the incidence of incomplete apposed struts, uncovered struts, and neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) thickness between the two groups.ResultsWe could detect 2,948 struts (narrow group consisted of 1,132 struts and wide group consisted of 1,816 struts). Incidence of uncovered struts in the narrow group was significantly lower than in the wide group (30.2% vs. 40.8%, P < 0.001), and NIH thickness in the narrow group was significantly greater than in the wide group (127.5 ± 93.4 μm vs. 118.6 ± 81.4 μm, P = 0.03).ConclusionsStent design, especially strut width, affects stent coverage of SES. The narrow strut may avoid the absence of stent coverage in SES, which correlates with stent thrombosis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical Study of the Reduction of Uranium(VI) Aquo Complexes on Titania Particles and by Alcohols
Authors: Odoh Samuel O. , Pan Qing‐Jiang , Shamov Grigory A. , Wang Feiyue , Fayek Mostafa , Schreckenbach Georg 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTo provide insights into the adsorption and photoreduction of uranium(VI) on TiO2, we have studied the structural and electronic properties of uranium(VI) aquo complexes adsorbed on stoichiometric and defected TiO2 surfaces and nanoparticles. Plane wave calculations with the pure PBE density functional and the PBE+U approach were used to study UVI complexes on a periodic rutile (110) slab. In addition, a nanoparticulate Ti38O76 cluster was used to simulate anatase nanoparticles. The electronic structures of the adsorbed UVI complexes indicate that the photoreduction process is a consequence of the photocatalytic properties of TiO2. The reduction of the adsorbed complexes can only occur if the energy of the incident photon exceeds the semiconductor band gap. The gap states induced by single or neighboring hydrogen atoms and oxygen vacancies at the rutile (110) surface cannot reduce adsorbed UVI complexes as the unoccupied 5f orbitals are found deeper in the conduction band. In the absence of a solid substrate, photoreduction proceeds by abstraction of a hydrogen atom from water or organic molecules present in solution. Photoreduction by chlorophenol results in lower product yield than reduction by aliphatic alcohols. This is because the triplet uranyl‐chlorophenol complex is much more stable than similar complexes formed with methanol and ethanol. In the case of water, the hydroxyl photoproduct easily re‐oxidizes the pentavalent species formed. In addition, it is easier for the triplet uranyl–water complex to decompose to the photoreactants.
Docetaxel Nanotechnology in Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Zhao Pengxiang , Astruc Didier 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTaxanes have been recognized as a family of very efficient anticancer drugs, but the formulation in use for the two main taxanes—Taxol for paclitaxel and Taxotere for docetaxel—have shown dramatic side effects. Whereas several new formulations for paclitaxel have recently appeared, such as Abraxane and others currently in various phases of clinical trials, there is no new formulation in clinical trials for the other main taxane, docetaxel, except BIND‐014, a polymeric nanoparticle, which recently entered phase I clinical testing. Therefore, we review herein the state of the art and recent abundance in published results of academic approaches toward nanotechnology‐based drug‐delivery systems containing nanocarriers and targeting agents for docetaxel formulations. These efforts will certainly enrich the spectrum of docetaxel treatments in the near future. Taxotere′s systemic toxicity, low water solubility, and other side effects are significant problems that must be overcome. To avoid the limitations of docetaxel in clinical use, researchers have developed efficient drug‐delivery assemblies that consist of a nanocarrier, a targeting agent, and the drug. A wide variety of such engineered nanosystems have been shown to transport and eventually vectorize docetaxel more efficiently than Taxotere in vitro, in vivo, and in pre‐clinical administration. Recent progress in drug vectorization has involved a combined therapy and diagnostic (“theranostic”) approach in a single drug‐delivery vector and could significantly improve the efficiency of such an anticancer drug as well as other drug types.
Comparing central nervous system (CNS) and extra‐CNS hemangiopericytomas in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program
Authors: Hall William A. , Ali Arif N. , Gullett Norleena , Crocker Ian , Landry Jerome C. , Shu Hui‐Kuo , Prabhu Roshan , Curran Walter 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) are rare tumors in the central nervous system (CNS) and in extra‐CNS sites. The authors of this report used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program to study prognostic factors in patients with HPC.METHODS:The SEER database was analyzed for patients who were diagnosed with HPC tumors from 1973 to 2007. Patients were stratified into CNS and extra‐CNS groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for the overall survival (OS) endpoint using major demographic factors (age, race, and sex) and disease factors (tumor site).RESULTS:In total, 655 patients with HPC were stratified into a CNS group (n = 199) and an extra‐CNS group (n = 456). The patients with extra‐CNS HPC were statistically older (mean age, 53 years vs 49 years; P = .008) and were more likely to have larger tumors (median greatest dimension, 7.0 cm vs 5.2 cm; P < .001). Patients who had CNS tumors had better OS and cause‐specific survival (CSS) compared with patients who had extra‐CNS tumors (P < .001 for both). Negative predictors of OS on multivariate analysis included extra‐CNS tumor site (hazard ratio [HR], 1.6; P = .005) and older age (ages 40‐59 years: HR, 2.08; P = .032; ages 60‐79 years: HR, 3.9; P < .001; aged ≥80 years: HR, 7.7; P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:The current analysis demonstrated that patients with extra‐CNS HPCs had worse OS and CSS than patients with CNS HPCs. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Treatment of pancreatic cancer using an oncolytic virus harboring the lipocalin‐2 gene
Authors: Xu Bin , Zheng Wen‐yan , Jin Da‐yong , Wang Dan‐song , Liu Xin‐yuan , Qin Xin‐yu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The 5‐year survival rate for patients with pancreatic cancer is <5%, and it is always resistant to the current chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, new, effective agents for the treatment of pancreatic cancer are urgently needed. The promising strategy of cancer‐targeting gene virotherapy (CTGVT) has demonstrated great anticancer potential. The objective of the current study was to determine whether 1 CTGVT approach, oncolytic virus (OV)‐harboring lipocalin‐2, is capable of treating pancreatic cancer.METHODS:Tissue microarrays were constructed to detect the expression of lipocalin‐2 in 60 specimens of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The clinical significance of lipocalin‐2 was investigated in an analysis of correlations between lipocalin‐2 expression and matched clinical characteristics. A lipocalin‐2–expressing OV, ZD55‐lipocalin‐2, was constructed by deleting the adenoviral protein E1B55kD. The antitumor efficacy and mechanisms of the OV were investigated in pancreatic cancer cells with v‐Ki‐ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations in vitro and in vivo.RESULTS:Lipocalin‐2 expression was correlated with a good prognosis in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. ZD55‐lipocalin‐2 dramatically inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo by inducing cytolysis and caspase‐dependent apoptosis.CONCLUSIONS:Higher lipocalin‐2 expression predicted a better prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. The results indicated that ZD55‐lipocalin‐2, which specifically expressed higher levels of lipocalin‐2 in tumor cells, may serve as a potent anticancer drug for pancreatic cancer therapy, especially for patients who have pancreatic adenocarcinoma with KRAS mutations. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Utility of serum tumor markers during surveillance for stage I seminoma
Authors: Vesprini Danny , Chung Peter , Tolan Shaun , Gospodarowicz Mary , Jewett Michael , O'Malley Martin , Sweet Joan , Moore Malcolm , Panzarella Tony , Sturgeon Jeremy , Sugar Linda , Anson‐Cartwright Lynn , Warde Padraig 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The serum tumor markers α‐fetoprotein (AFP), β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are often measured as part of surveillance protocols in patients with stage I seminoma. In this study, the authors evaluated the utility of routine measurement of these markers in the detection of disease relapse.METHODS:Data were gathered from a prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent surveillance for stage I testicular seminoma diagnosed between 1982 and 2005 at Princess Margaret Hospital. Patients were followed on a predefined schedule with physical examination (PE), serum tumor markers, abdominopelvic computed tomography, and chest x‐rays. The records of patients who relapsed were examined for details of imaging and serum tumor markers throughout the period of follow‐up until the time of relapse.RESULTS:Of the 527 patients who were managed by surveillance, 75 patients (14%) relapsed at a median follow‐up of 72 months. Of these, 65 patients relapsed within the first 3 years and had routine serum tumor markers measured. In total, 11 patients had abnormal tumor markers at the time of relapse (AFP, 0 patients; HCG, 6 patients; LDH, 4 patients; and HCG and LDH, 1 patient). Only 1 patient had an elevated tumor marker (LDH) before relapse, as defined by an abnormal imaging study (n = 64) or physical examination (n = 1), for which the treatment and outcome were not affected.CONCLUSIONS:Serum tumor marker levels did not aid in the early diagnosis of disease relapse in patients with stage I seminoma who were managed with surveillance. The current results indicated that routine measurement of serum tumor markers can be discontinued safely in seminoma surveillance schedules. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
The use of single‐agent sorafenib in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients with underlying Child‐Pugh B liver cirrhosis
Authors: Chiu Joanne , Tang Yuen Fong , Yao Tzy‐Jyun , Wong Ashley , Wong Hilda , Leung Roland , Chan Pierre , Cheung Tan To , Chan Albert C. , Pang Roberta , Fan Sheung‐Tat , Poon Ronnie , Yau Thomas 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:This study explored the efficacy, tolerability, and survival benefits of using sorafenib in patients with Child‐Pugh class B (CPB) cirrhosis.METHODS:Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who were treated with sorafenib at Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China, were analyzed retrospectively. Treatment outcomes were analyzed according to their respective Child‐Pugh status. Patients with CPB disease were further divided into CPB7 (those with a score of 7) and CPB8‐9 (a score of 8 or 9) subgroups.RESULTS:The baseline demographic parameters were comparable between 108 patients with Child‐Pugh class A (CPA) disease and 64 CPB patients. Both clinical benefit rate (21.3% vs 32.4% vs 14.8%; P = .23) and progression‐free survival (median: 3.2 months vs 3.2 months vs 2.3 months; P = .26) were similar among CPA, CPB7, and CPB8‐9 groups, respectively. The overall survival was different among these groups (P = .002) and showed a trend toward worse outcome in CPB patients: the median was 6.1, 5.4, and 2.7 months among CPA, CPB7, and CPB8‐9 patients, respectively. The commonest grade 3/4 adverse events were hand‐foot syndrome (13.5%), diarrhea (9.9%), and rash (7.0%). Grade 3/4 leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia occurred in 2.9%, 5.3%, and 8.8% of the patients, respectively. Overall, the 3 groups of patients experienced similar incidence of most of these adverse events. Nonetheless, CPB patients experienced more anemia (P = .01), gastrointestinal bleeding (P = .02), and hepatic encephalopathy (P = .02).CONCLUSIONS:CPA and CPB patients tolerated sorafenib similarly and derived similar clinical and progression‐free survival benefit. Among CPB patients, most benefits were observed in patients with a score of 7. Nevertheless, CPB patients were more susceptible to developing cirrhotic complications, and thus more vigilant surveillance is needed. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Topotecan and vincristine combination is effective against advanced bilateral intraocular retinoblastoma and has manageable toxicity
Authors: Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Billups Catherine A. , Tagen Michael , Stewart Clinton F. , Wu Jianrong , Helton Kathleen , McCarville M. Beth , Merchant Thomas E. , Brennan Rachel , Free Tammy M. , Given Vicki , Haik Barrett G. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Wilson Matthew W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:New, effective chemotherapeutic agents are needed for intraocular retinoblastoma.METHODS:This institutional clinical trial sought to estimate the rate of response to 2 courses of vincristine and topotecan (VT) window therapy in patients with bilateral retinoblastoma and advanced disease (Reese‐Ellsworth group IV or V) in at least 1 eye. The topotecan dose started at 3 mg/m2/day for 5 days and was adjusted to target a systemic exposure of 140 ± 20 ng/mL · hour. The vincristine dose was 0.05 mg/kg for patients <12 months of age and 1.5 mg/m2 for those >12 months of age at diagnosis.RESULTS:From February 2005 to June 2010, 27 patients received VT window therapy. Median age at enrollment was 8.1 months (range, 0.7‐22.1 months). Twenty‐four patients (88.9%) responded to window therapy (95% confidence interval = 71.3%‐96.9%). Hematologic toxicity comprised grade 4 neutropenia (n = 27), grade 3 anemia (n = 19), and grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia (n = 16). Thirteen patients had grade 3 nonhematologic toxicity. Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor support was added after 10 patients had been treated, and it significantly reduced the duration of grade 4 neutropenia (median, 7 vs 24 days; P < .001). Pharmacokinetic studies showed rapid changes in topotecan clearance rates during the first year of life.CONCLUSIONS:The combination of topotecan and vincristine is effective for the treatment of advanced intraocular retinoblastoma. Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor treatment alleviates the duration of grade 4 neutropenia. Appropriate topotecan starting doses for patients 0‐3, 3‐6, 6‐9, 9‐12, and >12 months of age are specified. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.