bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis, clinical features, management, and post-natal follow-up of fetal tachycardias
Authors: Lulić Jurjević Rajka , Podnar Tomaž , Vesel Samo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnosis, clinical features, management and post-natal follow-up in consecutive fetuses identified with tachycardia.MethodsWe reviewed consecutive fetuses with tachycardia identified in a single tertiary institution between January, 2001, and December, 2008. We considered several options for management, including no treatment but close surveillance, trans-placental antiarrhythmic therapy in fetuses presenting prior to 36 weeks of gestation, and delivery and treatment as a neonate for fetuses presenting after 36 weeks of gestation. Data was gathered by a review of prenatal and postnatal documentation.ResultsAmong 29 fetuses with tachycardia, 21 had supraventricular tachycardia with 1 to 1 conduction, 4 had atrial flutter, 3 had atrial tachycardia, while the remaining fetus had ventricular tachycardia. Of the group, 8 fetuses (27.6%) were hydropic. Transplacental administration of antiarrhythmic drugs was used in just over half the fetuses, delivery and treatment as a neonate in one-quarter, and no intervention but close surveillance in one-sixth of the case. Twenty-six of 29 fetuses (89.7%) were born alive. Only patients with fetal hydrops suffered mortality, with 37.5% of this group dying, this being statistically significant, with the value of p equal to 0.03, when compared to non-hydropic fetuses. Only 3 patients (11.5%) were receiving antiarrhythmic prophylaxis beyond the first year of life.ConclusionA significant proportion of fetal tachycardias recognized before 36 weeks of gestation can be treated successfully by transplacental administration of antiarrhythmic drugs. Fetuses presenting after 36 weeks of gestation can be effectively managed postnatally. The long-term prognosis for fetuses diagnosed with tachycardia is excellent, with the abnormal rhythm resolving spontaneously during the first year of life in most of them.
Nutrigenetics: links between genetic background and response to Mediterranean-type diets
Authors: Lairon Denis , Defoort Catherine , Martin Jean-Charles , Amiot-Carlin Marie-Jo , Gastaldi Marguerite , Planells Richard 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveIt has been substantiated that the onset of most major diseases (CVD, diabetes, obesity, cancers, etc.) is modulated by the interaction between genetic traits (susceptibility) and environmental factors, especially diet. We aim to report more specific observations relating the effects of Mediterranean-type diets on cardiovascular risk factors and the genetic background of subjects.Results and conclusionsIn the first part, general concepts about nutrigenetics are briefly presented. Human genome has, overall, only marginally changed since its origin but it is thought that minor changes (polymorphisms) of common genes that occurred during evolution are now widespread in human populations, and can alter metabolic pathways and response to diets.In the second part, we report the data obtained during the Medi-RIVAGE intervention study performed in the South-East of France. Data obtained in 169 subjects at moderate cardiovascular risk after a 3-month dietary intervention indicate that some of the twenty-three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) studied exhibit interactions with diets regarding changes of particular parameters after 3-month regimens. Detailed examples are presented, such as interactions between SNP in genes coding for microsomial transfer protein (MTTP) or intestinal fatty acid binding protein (FABP2) and triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol or Framigham score lowering in responses to Mediterranean-type diets.The data provided add further evidence of the interaction between particular SNP and metabolic responses to diets. Finally, improvement in dietary recommendations by taking into account known genetic variability has been discussed.
Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome: the evidence
Authors: Babio Nancy , Bulló Mònica , Salas-Salvadó Jordi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe Mediterranean diet has long been related to a lower cardiovascular disease risk; however, more recent evidences also indicate that it has a favourable effect on adiposity and type 2 diabetes.DesignReview of the available literature in relation to Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome.ResultsSeveral components of Mediterranean diet patterns have been inversely related with body mass index. They are considered to be modulators of insulin resistance, can exert beneficial effects on blood pressure, improve atherogenic dyslipidemia or attenuate the inflammatory burden associated with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been associated with dietary patterns rich in fruits and vegetables, nuts, olive oil, legumes and fish, moderate in alcohol and low in red meat, processed meat, refined carbohydrates and whole-fat dairy products.ConclusionsThere is much evidence suggesting that the Mediterranean diet could serve as an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern, which could help to fight diseases related to chronic inflammation, including metabolic syndrome.
Health impact of Mediterranean diets in food at work
Authors: Leighton Federico , Polic Gianna , Strobel Pablo , Pérez Druso , Martínez Carlos , Vásquez Luis , Castillo Oscar , Villarroel Luis , Echeverría Guadalupe , Urquiaga Inés , Mezzano Diego , Rozowski Jaime 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of diet mediterranisation, in a food-at-work context, and its consequence on metabolic syndrome in a mid-age unselected healthy male population group.DesignOne-year longitudinal intervention study. Physical exercise was not modified.SettingAll workers of the Santiago division of ‘Maestranza Diesel’, a metal-mechanic company servicing the mining industry, were invited to participate.SubjectsInitially, 145 workers of a total of 171, of average age 39 years, accepted to participate (sixteen women and 129 men). A subgroup of ninety-six men fully completed the controls programmed for the intervention study. Losses from the original group correspond to missing one control (sixteen), leaving the company (eleven) or blood sampling discomfort (six). The women and sixteen male workers, hired post study initiation, did participate but were excluded from this 12-month analysis.ResultsDiet mediterranisation was successful, reflected in the daily food consumption at the canteen and the evolution of the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) from 4·8 ± 1·4 to 7·4 ± 1·5 (limits 0–14). Some metabolic syndrome components showed statistically significant improvement and also statistically significant correlation with the MDS: waist circumference, HDL-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. After 12 months, the reversion rate for metabolic syndrome was 48 % (12/23) with an incidence rate of 4·1 % for new cases (3/73). In total, metabolic syndrome decreased from 24·0 % to 15·6 % (23/96 to 15/96) (P= 0·029).ConclusionsDiet mediterranisation is feasible in a food-at-work intervention, affecting lunch consumption at the workers canteen and overall consumption evaluated with MDS, together with a significant reduction in metabolic syndrome.
Availability of Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean foods during the last four decades: comparison of several geographical areas
Authors: Vareiro Daniela , Bach-Faig Anna , Raidó Quintana Blanca , Bertomeu Isabel , Buckland Genevieve , Vaz de Almeida Maria Daniel , Serra-Majem Lluís 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the changes in the availability of the most important food components of the traditional Mediterranean diet and other food groups in five geographical areas during a 43-year period.DesignEcological study with food availability data obtained from FAO food balance sheets in forty-one countries for the period 1961–1965 and 2000–2004.SettingMediterranean, Northern and Central Europe, Other Mediterranean countries and Other Countries of the World were the studied areas.ResultsThe main changes since the 1960s, at an availability level, were found in European areas and in Other Mediterranean countries. The greatest changes were found in Mediterranean Europe, recording high availability of non-Mediterranean food groups (animal fats, vegetable oils, sugar and meat), whereas the availability of alcoholic beverages, including wine, and legumes decreased. Despite having lost some of its typical characteristics, Mediterranean Europe has more olive oil, vegetables, fruits and fish available than other areas. Although Northern Europe has a greater availability of non-Mediterranean foods, there has been a tendency towards a decrease in availability of some of these foods and to increase Mediterranean food such as olive oil and fruits.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that European countries, especially those in the Mediterranean area, have experienced a ‘westernisation’ process of food habits, and have increasingly similar patterns of food availability (mainly non-Mediterranean food groups) among them. Measures must be taken to counteract these tendencies and to avoid their possible negative consequences. It is also crucial to find ways to promote and preserve the Mediterranean diet and its lifestyle in modern societies.
Worldwide variation of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, in 1961–1965 and 2000–2003
Authors: da Silva Rui , Bach-Faig Anna , Raidó Quintana Blanca , Buckland Genevieve , Vaz de Almeida Maria Daniel , Serra-Majem Lluís 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to analyse the worldwide trends of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), in 1961–1965 and 2000–2003.DesignData were obtained from the FAO food balance sheets in two periods: 1961–1965 and 2000–2003. In order to have a sample from across the world, forty-one countries were selected. The average of available energy for different food groups was calculated for all selected countries. These values were used to evaluate the adherence to the MD through a variation of Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI).ResultsThe majority of the forty-one countries in this study have tended to drift away from a Mediterranean-like dietary pattern. Mediterranean Europe and the Other Mediterranean country groups suffered a significant decrease in their MAI values. The Mediterranean European group, especially Greece, experienced the greatest decrease in MAI value.In both periods, the Other Mediterranean countries showed the highest MAI values. In an analysis by countries, Iran had the highest increase in MAI across the time periods, and Egypt occupied the first place in the ranking in 2000–2003.The Northern European group was the only one that registered an increase in MAI, although this was not statistically significant.ConclusionsMany countries in the Mediterranean basin are drifting away from the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP). However, countries in Northern Europe and some other countries around the world are taking on a Mediterranean-like dietary pattern. The Other Mediterranean countries have the closest adherence to the MDP, currently and in the 1960s. Nutrition policy actions to tackle dietary westernisation and preserve the healthy prudent MDP are required.
Policy and public health recommendations to promote the initiation and duration of breast-feeding in developed country settings
Authors: Dyson Lisa , Renfrew Mary J , McFadden Alison , McCormick Felicia , Herbert Gill , Thomas James 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo develop policy and public health recommendations for implementation at all levels by individuals and organisations working in, or related to, the field of breast-feeding promotion in developed country settings, where breast-feeding rates remain low.DesignTwo research phases, comprising (i) an assessment of the formal evidence base in developed country settings and (ii) a consultation with UK-based practitioners, service managers and commissioners, and representatives of service users. The evidence base included three systematic reviews and an Evidence Briefing. One hundred and ten studies evaluating an intervention in developed country settings were assessed for quality and awarded an overall quality rating. Studies with a poor quality rating were excluded. The resulting seventy studies examined twenty-five types of intervention for breast-feeding promotion. These formed the basis of the second consultation phase to develop the evidence-based interventions into recommendations for practice, which comprised (i) pilot consultation, (ii) electronic consultation, (iii) fieldwork meetings and (iv) workshops. Draft findings were synthesised for two rounds of stakeholder review conducted by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.ResultsTwenty-five recommendations emerged within three complementary and necessary categories, i.e. public health policy, mainstream clinical practice and local interventions.ConclusionsThe need for national policy directives was clearly identified as a priority to address many of the barriers experienced by practitioners when trying to work across sectors, organisations and professional groups. Routine implementation of the WHO/UNICEF Baby Friendly Initiative across hospital and community services was recommended as core to breast-feeding promotion in the UK. A local mix of complementary interventions is also required.
Time to focus on function: Linking microbial community structure to novel aspects of microbial function
Authors: Wallenstein Matthew 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Background/Question/Methods
One of the fundamental challenges in microbial ecology is to examine how microbial communities that differ in composition may also differ in function. Since the advent of molecular techniques, we have become increasingly proficient at analyzing community structure to fine taxonomic levels, and with ever-increasing depth of coverage. However, we have made less progress in understanding the aspects of microbial ‘function’ that differ between communities. I argue that this is largely due to our traditional approach of measure microbial activities at optimal conditions in potential assays. While this approach allows for comparisons across space or time, or in response to experimental treatments, it provides little information on the rate of these activities under in-situ conditions.

Results/Conclusions
Using a simple niche framework, I will explain why this approach is unlikely to reveal functional differences between communities. An emerging new paradigm of microbial function emphasizes (1) the range of conditions under which a function can persist, and (2) the persistence of microbial function in response to stress or disturbance. These novel aspects of function are much more closely linked to microbial community composition than optimal activity rates under ideal conditions which are rarely seen under in-situ conditions. I will also discuss the promises and perils of emerging molecular technologies including proteomics and metabolomics, which will provide new insights into novel aspects of microbial community function.
Value of high‐risk HPV‐DNA testing in the triage of ASCUS
Authors: SILVERLOO IRÉNE , ANDRAE BENGT , WILANDER ERIK 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective. Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) cells, occurring in organized cytological screening, may be either high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) positive or negative. To refine the assessment of women with ASCUS, a high‐risk HPV‐DNA test is recommended as triage in Sweden. Methods. A total of 197 consecutive women (mean age 39 years, range 21–60) with a diagnosis of ASCUS from the primary screening were selected for triage. Their cervical smears were collected and evaluated by using conventional cytological examination in combination with a high‐risk HPV‐DNA test (hybrid capture 2). The women were categorized into four groups: Group A, Cytology + /HPV +; Group B, Cytology–/HPV +; Group C, Cytology + /HPV–; and Group D, Cytology–/ HPV–. Women within Groups A–C were admitted for colposcopy and cervical biopsy. The women in Group D were considered as a low‐risk group for tumor development, and were re‐examined after three years in the next round of the organized screening. Results. In women in Group A (n = 58) the prevalence of histological verified CIN2–3 was 41%, in Group B (n = 41) 20%, and in Group C (n = 9) 0%. In Group D (n = 89), repeated primary screening three years later revealed CIN2–3 in two biopsies from 74 women studied (<3%). The prevalence of a high‐risk HPV infection decreased with age in women with ASCUS. It was 74% in women <30 years and 19% in women ≥50 years. Conclusions. Adding a high‐risk HPV test in secondary screening increased the identification of women with CIN2–3 lesions by 33% in comparison with repeat cytology (p = 0.01). The clinical significance of the ASCUS diagnosis varied with age of the women.
SnoopCGH: software for visualizing comparative genomic hybridization data
Authors: Almagro-Garcia Jacob , Manske Magnus , Carret Celine , Campino Susana , Auburn Sarah , MacInnis Bronwyn L , Maslen Gareth , Pain Arnab , Newbold Christopher I , Kwiatkowski Dominic P , Clark Taane G 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Summary: Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) technology is used to discover and validate genomic structural variation, including copy number variants, insertions, deletions and other structural variants (SVs). The visualization and summarization of the array CGH data outputs, potentially across many samples, is an important process in the identification and analysis of SVs. We have developed a software tool for SV analysis using data from array CGH technologies, which is also amenable to short-read sequence data.
Availability and implementation: SnoopCGH is written in java and is available from http://snoopcgh.sourceforge.net/
Contact: jg10@sanger.ac.uk; tc5@sanger.ac.uk
5‐hydroxytryptamine signalling in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea: effects of gender and menstrual status
Authors: HOUGHTON L. A. , BROWN H. , ATKINSON W. , MORRIS J. , FELL C. , WHORWELL P. J. , LOCKHART S. , KEEVIL B. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryBackground  Symptomatology and physiology differ between men and women and across the menstrual cycle in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Ovarian hormones influence 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), an amine known to play a role in gut motor‐sensory function.Aim  To assess the effects of gender and menstrual status on platelet‐depleted plasma (PDP) 5‐HT concentration in IBS patients with diarrhoea (IBS‐D) patients compared with healthy volunteers (HV).Methods  Platelet‐depleted plasma 5‐HT concentrations were assessed under fasting and fed conditions in 73 IBS‐D patients (aged 18–58 years; 18 men) and 64 HV (aged 18–50 years; 24 men). Women were divided into those with low or high progesterone/oestrogen (P/O) levels.Results  Irritable bowel syndrome patients with diarrhoea had higher PDP 5‐HT concentrations than HV under fasting (P = 0.002) and fed (P = 0.049) conditions. This was particularly related to IBS‐D men having higher PDP 5‐HT concentrations than healthy controls (P = 0.002). Moreover, PDP 5‐HT concentrations in IBS‐D women with low P/O levels were similar to healthy controls.Conclusions  Similar to IBS‐D women with high P/O levels, IBS‐D men also have raised PDP 5‐HT concentrations. 5‐HT concentration normalizes at menses in IBS‐D women, suggesting a shift in the mechanisms responsible for abnormal 5‐HT signalling in these patients.
Review article: sleep‐related gastro‐oesophageal reflux as a distinct clinical entity
Authors: ORR W. C. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryBackground Many patients with chronic gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have frequent nighttime heartburn as well as sleep‐related gastro‐oesophageal reflux (GOR). Sleep‐related GOR has been shown to play an important role in the development of oesophagitis and other complications of GOR.Aim To present a conceptual argument that nighttime heartburn and associated sleep‐related GOR should be recognized as a distinct clinical entity deserving special attention with regard to the diagnosis and treatment of GERD.Methods The data presented come from surveys of GERD patients as well as from physiological studies to include studies monitoring oesophageal pH and spontaneous reflux events during polysomnographically (PSG) monitored sleep.Results Evidence is presented to show that nighttime heartburn is prevalent and its occurrence separates patients from those who have heartburn most exclusively in the daytime. The evidence presented also supports the notion that nighttime heartburn sufferers have a more complicated disease and they have a greater risk of developing oesophagitis and other respiratory complications. The data also show that responses to acid mucosal contact are quite different during sleep compared to responses measured during the waking state.Conclusions Nighttime heartburn and GOR represent a distinct clinical entity which deserves specific attention in the diagnosis and optimal treatment of GERD.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors decrease proliferation potential and multilineage differentiation capability of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Lee S. , Park J‐R. , Seo M‐S. , Roh K‐H. , Park S‐B. , Hwang J‐W. , Sun B. , Seo K. , Lee Y‐S. , Kang S‐K. , Jung J‐W. , Kang K‐S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives:  Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is an important therapeutic target in cancer. Two of the main anticancer mechanisms of HDAC inhibitors are induction of terminal differentiation and inhibition of cell proliferation. To investigate the role of HDAC in maintenance of self‐renewal and cell proliferation, we treated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that originated from adipose tissue or umbilical cord blood with valproic acid (VPA) and sodium butyrate (NaBu).Materials and methods:  Human MSCs were isolated from mammary fat tissue and cord blood. We performed MTT assay and flow cytometry‐based cell cycle analysis to assess self‐renewal of MSCs. In vitro differentiation assays into osteogenic, adipogenic, neurogenic and chondrogenic lineages were conducted to investigate MSC multipotency. Immunocytochemistry, Western blot and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction were used to interrogate molecular pathways.Results:  VPA and NaBu flattened the morphology of MSCs and inhibited their growth. VPA and NaBu activated the transcription of p21CIP1/WAF1 by increasing the acetylation of histone H3 and H4 and eventually blocked the cell cycle at G2/M phase. The expression level of p16INK4A, a cdk inhibitor that is closely related to cellular senescence, was not changed by HDAC inhibitor treatment. We performed controlled differentiation into bone, fat, cartilage and nervous tissue to elucidate the role of HDAC in the pluripotency of MSC to differentiate into functional tissues. VPA and NaBu decreased the efficiency of adipogenic, chondrogenic, and neurogenic differentiation as visualized by specific staining and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. In contrast, osteogenic differentiation was elevated by HDAC inhibitor treatment.Conclusion:  HDAC activity is essential for maintaining the self‐renewal and pluripotency of MSCs.