bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning to Drink Deeply from Books: Using Experiential Assignments to Teach Concepts
Authors: Burlein Ann 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article explores how to teach students to drink deeply from books. Drawing on the work of Peter Elbow, the article argues for incorporating experiential assignments that are structured to create a mediating realm between abstract concepts and concrete experiences. The bulk of the article explores in detail the author's use of such assignments first in a course on sexuality and religion and, second, in the standard Introduction to Religion course.
Rethinking the Christian Studies Classroom: Reflections on the Dynamics of Teaching Religion in Southern Public Universities
Authors: Gravett Sandie , Hulsether Mark , Medine Carolyn 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAn extended set of conversations conducted by three religious studies faculty teaching at large public universities in the Southern United States spurred these reflections on how their institutional locations inflected issues such as the cultural expectations students bring to the classroom, how these expectations interact with the evolving priorities of religious studies departments, and how these factors affect the balance among the various subfields of religious studies and theology that make up such departments.
Exploring the Boundaries of Web Map Services: The Example of the Online Injury Atlas for Ontario
Authors: Rinner Claus , Moldofsky Byron , Cusimano Michael D. , Marshall Sean , Hernandez Tony 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInjury from causes such as falls, traffic accidents, or violence is a major public health issue globally. Injury prevention research aims to identify vulnerable populations and places by analyzing the spatial patterns of demographic and socio‐economic risk factors associated with elevated injury rates. The stakeholders in injury prevention and control are often distributed across government and public health institutions, non‐profits, and even the private sector (e.g. insurance firms). While this situation calls for distributed, online research tools, their implementation may conflict with health data confidentiality and license limitations for socio‐economic data. In this article, we present the Online Injury Atlas for Ontario, which was designed with the explicit goal of making use of, and contributing to, the Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure. We propose a service‐based architecture that integrates publicly accessible map services with protected data layers. Thereby, we demonstrate the benefits of using spatial data infrastructures alongside private data at different levels of protection. In addition, we discuss the extensive data processing needs and specific cartographic design requirements of a Web atlas in the health and social sciences domain.
Collaborative Web‐GIS Design: A Case Study for Road Risk Analysis and Monitoring
Authors: Pirotti Francesco , Guarnieri Alberto , Vettore Antonio 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article presents a methodology for designing a WebGIS framework intended for automatically analyzing spatial data and updating statistics of interest with new information inserted daily by multiple users via a Web portal. A practical example is used on vehicle accident data for assessing risk in specific road segments. Two main blocks integrated together will be described: the collaborative block and the data‐analysis block. The former gives end‐users computer‐aided tools to view, insert, modify and manage data related to accidents and traffic monitoring sensors, whereas the latter is developed to automatically analyze the accident data coming from user's collaboration. Because different agencies can survey accident sites, a collaborative environment is necessary – and a Web‐based solution is ideal – for permitting multi‐user access and data insertion. A centralized approach to process the data in real time is described in all its components. Server‐side Structured Query Language functions optimize performance by using dedicated libraries for spatial processing and re‐structuring the attributes associated with elements which are consequently re‐classified for correct color‐scaling. The end‐product is a system that provides a seamless integration of front‐end tools for user collaboration and back‐end tools to update accident risk statistics in real time and provide them to stakeholders.
Improving the Monitoring of the Status of the Environment Through Web Geo‐services: The Example of Large Structures Supervision
Authors: Brovelli Maria A. , Giori Gianluca , Mussin Mauro , Negretti Marco 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEnvironmental monitoring is a fundamental process in the design, construction, operation and decommissioning phases of constructing large structures, such as highways, high‐speed railways, and airports. Many different actors are involved in these steps: the owner (public or private); the planning, construction, and operation managers; the environmental teams executing the monitoring; the government department or agency responsible for protecting the environment and the health of the population; and, finally, the policy‐makers. The environmental agency itself is composed of various domain experts dealing with different environmental arenas (air, water, etc.). Since most of the collected information refers to space and time, GISs are natural tools for storing and processing the data. Nevertheless, instruments, people, and communications technology are involved, and there is a potential for failure, waste of time and unnecessary costs to appear. A web platform based on OGC web services and allowing for sharing and processing the sensor and geographic information can greatly improve workflow management. This article presents a description of a working pilot that can serve as a solution to managing such a project, because it makes it possible to integrate geodata (maps and orthophotos) from different sources and to visualize and analyze the sensor data with respect to both time and space.
A Web GIS for Sea Ice Information and an Ice Service Archive
Authors: Li Songnian , Xiong Chenfeng , Ou Ziqiang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSea ice data has significant scientific value for climate, environmental impact and engineering studies leading to the construction of facilities in Arctic waters, as well as to support tourism and fishing planning. Large collections of such data are acquired, compiled, produced and maintained by national and international agencies such as the Canadian Ice Service (CIS). Some of these data collections have been made available online. However, current Internet‐based sea ice data dissemination practices do not foster easy access to and use of the data, especially given the amount of the archived sea ice data and the nature of their spatial changes and high temporal variations. This article reports a research effort in developing a web‐based geographical information system (GIS) that facilitates the access and use of the historical sea ice data. The system provides online access, exploration, visualization, and analysis of the archived data, mostly in the form of ice charts, within a web‐based GIS. The results from a prototype development indicate that web GIS, developed using Rich Internet Application (RIA) technologies, provides added values in serving sea ice data and suggests that such a system can better accommodate more advanced sea ice data access and analysis tools.
Trade Policies in Southeast Asia in the Wider Asian Perspective
Authors: Sally Razeen , Sen Rahul 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper takes stock of trade policies in Southeast Asia after the Asian crisis and in the wake of the current global economic crisis. It compares trade policies in individual Southeast Asian countries; places them in the context of regional and global economic integration; and particularly draws implications for the region from the rise of China and India. The first section looks at recent trade and FDI patterns in Southeast Asia. Then follows an overview of key trade‐policy trends, in the region overall and in individual countries. The next sections examine ASEAN countries in international trade negotiations and agreements: first in the WTO, especially in the Doha Round; then within ASEAN; and finally on cross‐regional FTAs. The paper concludes that ASEAN countries cannot rely on external tracks ‘from above’ for meaningful trade policy reform. Since the Asian crisis there has been a slowdown of reform momentum, and too much reliance on trade negotiations – especially FTAs. Rather, countries in the region have to rely on themselves –‘from below’ as it were. The engine of liberalisation and regulatory reform has to be home‐driven – as it was before the Asian crisis – with governments taking unilateral measures in response to internal and external conditions.
Would Freeing Up World Trade Reduce Poverty and Inequality? The Vexed Role of Agricultural Distortions
Authors: Anderson Kym , Cockburn John , Martin Will 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTrade policy reforms in recent decades have sharply reduced the distortions that were harming agriculture in developing countries, yet global trade in farm products continues to be far more distorted than trade in non‐farm goods. Those distortions reduce some forms of poverty and inequality but worsen others, so the net effects are unclear without empirical modelling. This article summarises a series of new economy‐wide global and national empirical studies that focus on the net effects of the remaining distortions to world merchandise trade on poverty and inequality globally and in various developing countries. The global Linkage model results suggest that removing those remaining distortions would reduce international inequality, largely by boosting net farm incomes and raising real wages for unskilled workers in developing countries, and would reduce the number of poor people worldwide by 3 per cent. The analysis based on the Global Trade Analysis Project model for a sample of 15 countries, and nine stand‐alone national case studies, all point to larger reductions in poverty, especially if only the non‐poor are subjected to increased income taxation to compensate for the loss of trade tax revenue.
The Higher Educational Transformation of China and Its Global Implications
Authors: Li Yao Amber , Whalley John , Zhang Shunming , Zhao Xiliang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper discusses the major transformation of higher education that has been under way in China since 1999 and evaluates its potential global implications. Reflecting China’s commitment to continued high growth, this transformation focuses on major new resource commitments to tertiary education and significant changes in organisational form. All of these changes have already had large impacts on China’s higher educational system and are beginning to be felt by the global educational structure. This focus on tertiary education differentiates the Chinese case from other countries who earlier at similar stages of development instead stressed primary and secondary education.
Semi‐automatic volumetric assessment of perihemorrhagic edema with computed tomography
Authors: Volbers Bastian , Staykov Dimitre , Wagner Ingrid , Dörfler Arnd , Saake Marc , Schwab Stefan , Bardutzky Jürgen 
Published: April 2011

Background and purpose:  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows perihemorrhagic edema (PHE) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with high contrast, but the procedure is often difficult or not available for clinical use. The aim of the present study was to establish and validate an observer independent method for quantification of PHE on computed tomography (CT) by comparing with simultaneously performed MRI.Methods:  Patients with spontaneous supratentorial ICH were included. Twenty‐two patients received coregistered MRI and CT on day 1, and 27 patients on day 5 after admission. Volumes for PHE and ICH were measured (i) manually on CT, (ii) manually on MRI (fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery sequence), and (iii) threshold based on CT. To identify optimal threshold values (Hounsfield units) for best correlation of CT with MRI, upper and lower thresholds were adjusted gradually until the PHE volume on CT best fitted the PHE volume on MRI. The established threshold range was prospectively validated in another 15 patients.Results:  A threshold range 5–33 Hounsfield units (HU) resulted in best correlation both on days 1 and 5. Using these thresholds in the validation group, PHE volumes on CT and MRI were highly comparable (31 ± 26 ml vs. 30 ± 27 ml) with good correlation (R2 = 0.96, P < 0.01) and high inter‐ (0.96) and intraobserver (0.96) reliability. Manually traced PHE on CT was significantly larger (37.3 ± 37 ml vs. 30 ± 27 ml, P < 0.01) with worse inter‐ (0.89) and intraobserver (0.90) reliability.Conclusions:  Threshold‐based CT volumetry of PHE with a threshold range 5–33 HU is a reliable and observer independent method for quantification of PHE after spontaneous ICH.
The dynamin‐related protein DRP‐1 and the insulin signaling pathway cooperate to modulate Caenorhabditis elegans longevity
Authors: Yang Christine C. , Chen Diana , Lee Siu Sylvia , Walter Ludivine 
Published: April 2011

SummaryHere, we report that inactivation of the Caenorhabditis elegans dynamin‐related protein DRP‐1, a key component responsible for mitochondrial fission and conserved from yeast to humans, dramatically enhanced the effect of reduced insulin signaling (IIS) to extend lifespan. This represents the first report of a beneficial impact of manipulating mitochondrial dynamics on animal lifespan and suggests that mitochondrial morphology and IIS cooperate to modulate aging.
Attenuation of liver insoluble protein carbonyls: indicator of a longevity determinant?
Authors: Bhattacharya Arunabh , Leonard Shanique , Tardif Suzette , Buffenstein Rochelle , Fischer Kathleen E. , Richardson Arlan , Austad Steven N. , Chaudhuri Asish R. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryOxidative damage affects protein structure and function. Progressive accumulation of oxidized proteins is considered a putative mechanism of aging; however, empirical evidence supporting their role in aging is inconsistent. This inconsistency may reflect a failure to distinguish damage to particular cellular compartments. We found a significant reduction of protein carbonyls in the insoluble, but not in the soluble, fraction of liver tissues of long‐lived compared with their short‐lived counterpart. Of cellular components analyzed, only nuclear protein carbonyl level was uniformly reduced in long‐lived compared with short‐lived animals. This observation suggests that attenuated accumulation of protein carbonyls in the nucleus, where they can affect multiple aspects of gene expression and DNA repair, might contribute to the longevity in mammalian species.
Transitioning to digital radiography
Authors: Drost Wm Tod 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective
–
To describe the different forms of digital radiography (DR), image file formats, supporting equipment and services required for DR, storage of digital images, and teleradiology.Background
–
Purchasing a DR system is a major investment for a veterinary practice. Types of DR systems include computed radiography, charge coupled devices, and direct or indirect DR. Comparison of workflow for analog and DR is presented.Summary
–
On the surface, switching to DR involves the purchase of DR acquisition hardware. The X‐ray machine, table and grids used in analog radiography are the same for DR. Realistically, a considerable infrastructure supports the image acquisition hardware. This infrastructure includes monitors, computer workstations, a robust computer network and internet connection, a plan for storage and back up of images, and service contracts. Advantages of DR compared with analog radiography include improved image quality (when used properly), ease of use (more forgiving to the errors of radiographic technique), speed of making a complete study (important for critically ill patients), fewer repeat radiographs, less time looking for imaging studies, less physical storage space, and the ability to easily send images for consultation.Conclusions
–
With an understanding of the infrastructure requirements, capabilities and limitations of DR, an informed veterinary practice should be better able to make a sound decision about transitioning to DR.
Interventional cardiology for the criticalist
Authors: Scansen Brian A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective –To review indications, procedures, and prognosis for common cardiovascular emergencies requiring intervention in small animals.Etiology –Pericardial effusion, symptomatic bradycardia, and heartworm‐induced caval syndrome are examples of clinical scenarios commonly requiring intervention. Pericardial effusion in small animals occurs most frequently from cardiac neoplasia, idiopathic pericarditis, or congestive heart failure. Indications for temporary pacing include transient bradyarrhythmias, ingestions resulting in chronotropic incompetence, and emergency stabilization of critical bradyarrhythmias. Caval syndrome results from a large dirofilarial worm burden, pulmonary hypertension, and mechanical obstruction of right‐sided cardiac output with resultant hemolysis and organ dysfunction.Diagnosis –The diagnosis of pericardial effusion is suspected from signalment and physical findings and confirmed with cardiac ultrasound. Symptomatic bradycardias often present for syncope and definitive diagnosis derives from an ECG. Caval syndrome is diagnosed upon clinical, hematologic, and ultrasonographic evidence of severe heartworm infestation, cardiovascular compromise, and/or mechanical hemolysis.Therapy –Pericardial effusion is alleviated by pericardiocentesis in the emergency setting, though may require further intervention for long‐term palliation. Temporary transvenous pacing can be performed emergently to stabilize the symptomatic patient with a bradyarrhythmia. Dirofilariasis leading to caval syndrome requires urgent heartworm extraction.Prognosis –The prognosis for pericardial effusion is dependent upon the underlying etiology; the prognosis for cardiac pacing is favorable, and the prognosis for caval syndrome is grave if untreated and guarded to fair if heartworm extraction is performed.
Clinical experience utilizing a novel fluoroscopic technique for wire‐guided nasojejunal tube placement in the dog: 26 cases (2006–2010)
Authors: Beal Matthew W. , Brown Andrew J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective
–
To describe the clinical use of a novel, minimally invasive fluoroscopic technique for the wire‐guided placement of nasojejunal tubes (NJT) in dogs.Design
–
Retrospective study (September 22, 2006–October 2, 2010).Setting
–
University veterinary teaching hospital.Animals
–
Twenty‐six consecutive dogs with intolerance of, or contraindications to gastric feeding that underwent attempted fluoroscopic NJT placement. No dogs were excluded from analysis.Interventions
–
All dogs underwent attempted fluoroscopic NJT placement using a novel fluoroscopic wire‐guided technique.Measurements and Main Results
–
Patient data were collected in concert with information about the NJT placement procedure as well as the maintenance and utilization of the tube. The primary diagnosis in dogs undergoing NJT placement was pancreatitis in 60%. The ability to achieve transpyloric passage of the tube was 92.3% (24/26) and the ability to achieve jejunal access was 78.2%. In the second half of the study period, the ability to achieve jejunal access was significantly higher than in the first half of the study period suggesting that technical proficiency improves over time. Mean duration of the procedure was 35.3±20 minutes. Significant oral migration was a complication of NJT placement in some dogs. The median duration of feeding was 3.3 days (range 0.3–10.5).Conclusions
–
Fluoroscopic wire‐guided NJT placement is a viable method for sustained postpyloric feeding in dogs. Success in acquiring jejunal access improves with experience. The NJT may be utilized as a strategy to provide enteral nutritional support to the population of dogs with contraindications to, or intolerance of gastric feeding.
Introduction to interventional radiology for the criticalist
Authors: Weisse Chick 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives
–
To introduce the basic equipment necessary to perform interventional radiology (IR) techniques in the veterinary setting, particularly those procedures of interest to the criticalist.Data Sources
–
Veterinary and human literature as well as author's experience.Human Data Synthesis
–
Since the 1950s, diagnostic angiography has played an important role in human medicine. However, over the last 2–3 decades, this once purely diagnostic modality has become a subspecialty in human medicine with vast applications throughout the body. These techniques have replaced more invasive surgeries as the standard‐of‐care in many circumstances.Veterinary Data Synthesis
–
Although comparable data are not available in the veterinary literature, many IR and interventional endoscopy techniques are poised to replace more invasive procedures in veterinary medicine. In addition, these techniques have already been shown to offer treatment options for patients in whom more traditional therapies have failed, have been declined, or are not indicated due to comorbidities or substantial risk to patient health.Conclusions
–
Like our human medical counterparts, the use of IR techniques will likely play and increasingly important role in the care of veterinary patients. With this in mind, it is important to become familiar with both the equipment used in these techniques as well as their applications both currently in clinical cases and in the near future.
The genetics of Dravet syndrome
Authors: Marini Carla , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Nabbout Rima , Suls Arvid , De Jonghe Peter , Zara Federico , Guerrini Renzo 
Published: April 2011

SummaryDravet syndrome (DS), otherwise known as severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI), is an epileptic encephalopathy presenting in the first year of life. DS has a genetic etiology: between 70% and 80% of patients carry sodium channel α1 subunit gene (SCN1A) abnormalities, and truncating mutations account for about 40% and have a significant correlation with an earlier age of seizures onset. The remaining SCN1A mutations comprise splice‐site and missense mutations, most of which fall into the pore‐forming region of the sodium channel. Mutations are randomly distributed across the SCN1A protein. Most mutations are de novo, but familial SCN1A mutations also occur. Somatic mosaic mutations have also been reported in some patients and might explain the phenotypical variability seen in some familial cases. SCN1A exons deletions or chromosomal rearrangements involving SCN1A and contiguous genes are also detectable in about 2–3% of patients. A small percentage of female patients with a DS‐like phenotype might carry PCDH19 mutations. Rare mutations have been identified in the GABARG2 and SCN1B genes. The etiology of about 20% of DS patients remains unknown, and additional genes are likely to be implicated.