bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School Nurses in New Jersey: A Quantitative Inquiry on Roles and Responsibilities
Authors: Krause‐Parello Cheryl A. , Samms Kimika 
Published: May 2010

PURPOSE.  This study examined types of chronic diseases present and nursing procedures administered in school, health promotion and disease prevention efforts, collaborative efforts, perception of school nursing activities, documentation media of school nursing activities, and student academic outcomes.DESIGN AND METHODS.  A nonexperimental research design was employed. The sample (N= 63) was practicing school nurses in New Jersey public schools.RESULTS.  The increased numbers of students with chronic illnesses in mainstream classrooms have increased the roles and responsibilities of school nurses.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  School nurses can use the findings as a framework to articulate their roles and responsibilities.
A Novel Function of MicroRNA Let‐7d in Regulation of Galectin‐3 Expression in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rat Brain
Authors: Wu Lihui , Zhao Qianlei , Zhu Xuchao , Peng Min , Jia Chenyou , Wu Wei , Zheng Jing , Wu Xing Zhong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this study we investigated the locomotor activity and non‐selective attention in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with control Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats, which were employed as an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) model. In open‐field test and làt maze, SHR rats were found to be much more spontaneously active than WKY rats. As compared with WKY rats, a lower level of galectin‐3 was observed in SHR brain prefrontal cortex (PFC), which was the major affected brain area of ADHD. Through miRNA microarray screening, rno‐let‐7d was noted to be solely upregulated in SHR PFC. Interestingly, rno‐let‐7d had a binding site at galectin‐3 mRNA and was shown to regulate galectin‐3 3′ untranslated region (UTR) directly. Mutation of galectin‐3 3′UTR by one nucleotide of the seed sequence prevented rno‐let‐7d regulation of the 3′ UTR completely. Although rno‐let‐7d did not directly regulate tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) 3′UTR, the level of galectin‐3 was important for cAMP response element binding protein, the major transcript factor for TH gene. Either overexpression or downexpression of galectin‐3 could result in modulation of TH expression in both PC12H and PC12L cells. In conclusion, our data suggested a novel function of rno‐let‐7d in regulation of galectin‐3 and in ADHD development. Rno‐let‐7d, which is increased in the PFC of SHR brain, negatively regulated galectin‐3, which is coupled with TH expression regulation.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for the identification of environmental organisms: the Planctomycetes paradigm
Authors: Cayrou Caroline , Raoult Didier , Drancourt Michel 
Published: May 2010

SummaryWe have developed a matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS)‐based identification technique for Planctomycetes organisms, which are used here as bacteria of suitable diversity at genus and species level for testing resolution of the method. Planctomyces maris ATCC 29201, Planctomyces brasiliensis ATCC 49424T, P. brasiliensis ATCC 49425, Planctomyces limnophilus ATCC 43296T, Blastopirellula marina ATCC 49069T, Rhodopirellula baltica DSM 10527T and Gemmata obscuriglobus DSM 5831T were cultured on half‐strength marine broth and agar, or alternatively on caulobacter broth and agar. The resulting pellets of organisms (liquid) or colonies (solid agar) were directly applied to a MALDI‐TOF plate. This yielded a reproducible, unique protein profiles comprising 23–39 peaks ranging in size from 2403 to 12 091 Da. These peaks were unambiguously distinguished from any of the 3038 bacterial spectra in the Brüker database. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight patterns were similar for isolates grown in solid and in liquid medium, albeit the patterns from solid growth were more easily interpretable. After the incorporation of the herein determined profiles into the Brüker database, Planctomycetes isolates were blindly identified within 10 min, with an identification score in the range of 1.8 to 2.3. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight‐based clustering of these Planctomycetes organisms was consistent with 16S rDNA‐based phylogeny. However, the incorporation of additional non‐Planctomycetes MALDI‐TOF profiles in the analysis resulted in inconsequential clustering. In conclusion, MALDI‐TOF protein profiling is a new approach for the rapid and accurate identification of cultured environmental organisms, as illustrated in this study through the analysis of Planctomycetes.
The evolution of animals and plants via symbiosis with microorganisms
Authors: Rosenberg Eugene , Sharon Gil , Atad Ilil , Zilber‐Rosenberg Ilana 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAnimals and plants evolved from prokaryotes and have remained in close association with them. We suggest that early eukaryotic cells, formed by the fusion of two or more prokaryotes, already contained prokaryotic genetic information for aggregation and the formation of multicellular structures. The hologenome theory of evolution posits that a unit of selection in evolution is the holobiont (host plus symbionts). The hologenome is defined as the genetic information of the host and its microbiota, which function in consortium. Genetic variation of the holobiont, the raw material for evolution, can arise from changes in either the host or the symbiotic microbiota genomes. Changes in the hologenome can occur by two processes that are specific to holobionts: microbial amplification and acquisition of novel strains from the environment. Recent data from culture‐independent studies provides considerable support of the hologenome theory: (i) all animals and plants contain abundant and diverse microbiota, (ii) the symbiotic microbiota affects the fitness of their host and (iii) symbiotic microorganisms are transmitted from parent to offspring. Consideration of the dynamic aspects of symbioses of hosts with their diverse microbiota leads to the conclusion that holobionts can evolve not only via Darwinian but also by adaptive Lamarckian principles.
The Association between Sub‐Therapeutic Antibiotics andSalmonellaTyphimurium in Market‐Weight Swine: A Systematic Review and Summation of Evidence from 1950 to 2007
Authors: Denagamage T. , O’Connor A. , Sargeant J. , McKean J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA systematic review approach was used to evaluate the association between sub‐therapeutic antibiotics in feed andSalmonellaTyphimurium isolation in market‐weight finisher swine raised in modern swine production systems. Fourteen challenge trials described the efficacy of different antibiotics after challenge withS. Typhimurium. The studies identified were of limited evidentiary value for the review question because they were not relevant to the review question, i.e. conducted in artificial settings on small numbers of young pigs. None of the studies reported using blinding during outcome assessment. No antibiotic regimen was evaluated more than once. The association between sub‐therapeutic antibiotics andSalmonellaoutcomes in market‐weight swine raised in modern production systems cannot be summarized using the currently available literature. Many available studies fail to report critical study design features such as blinding and/or to take into account the data generated from longitudinal studies.
Optimizing inventories of diverse sites: insights from Barro Colorado Island birds
Authors: Watson David M. 
Published: May 2010

Summary1.Diverse sites have long‐attracted ecologists, yet the overwhelming variety of species can confound attempts to enumerate species richness. Various predictive methods estimate species richness by comparing the rate at which species are first detected with the rate at which they are detected again, yielding richness estimates of known precision without exhaustive sampling.2.While frequently used for arthropods, predictive methods are rarely applied to vertebrate surveys where species identity is often a priority. Expressing observed richness as a function of estimated richness, an estimate of survey completeness can be derived, offering the potential for inventories of standardized precision for comparison and further analysis.3.To realize this potential, I conducted 402 h of bird surveys on Barro Colorado Island (Panama) and performed a series of retrospective analyses to address three questions: (i) How much effort is required to achieve complete inventories (maximum completeness)? (ii) What is the least amount of effort required to yield robust richness estimates (maximum efficiency)? and (iii) How much effort is required to optimize sampling, balancing completeness and efficiency?4.Whereas the richness estimate for all species required thirty 6‐h samples to attain maximum completeness, once migrants, waterbirds and non‐forest‐dependent species were excluded, the richness of forest‐dependent residents could be estimated to the same precision with fifteen samples and to 80% completeness with four samples.5.Of the 186 bird species detected, 70 represented unique or duplicate records, seen in only one or two sampling periods. These low detectability species were dominated by migrants (28) and raptors (14) and also included seven waterbirds, five nocturnal species and four aerial foragers, justifying the widespread practice of excluding these groups from surveys of forest assemblages.6.In addition to demonstrating the reliability of predictive approaches, this study demonstrates the practicality of results‐based stopping rules for sampling diverse sites, especially for targeted groups of species. Combining predictive methods with targeted sampling represents an efficient and rigorous design, increasing the number of sites that can be sampled and enhancing the overall power and value of the study.
Community Structure in Time-Dependent, Multiscale, and Multiplex Networks
Authors: Mucha Peter J. , Richardson Thomas , Macon Kevin , Porter Mason A. , Onnela Jukka-Pekka 
Published: May 2010

Network NotationNetworks are often characterized by clusters of constituents that interact more closely with each other and have more connections to one another than they do with the rest of the components of the network. However, systematically identifying and studying such community structure in complicated networks is not easy, especially when the network interactions change over time or contain multiple types of connections, as seen in many biological regulatory networks or social networks.Muchaet al.(p.876) developed a mathematical method to allow detection of communities that may be critical functional units of such networks. Application to real-world tasks—like making sense of the voting record in the U.S. Senate—demonstrated the promise of the method.
Variation in Gamma Interferon Responses to Different Infecting Strains of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in Acid-Fast Bacillus Smear-Positive Patients and Household Contacts in Antananarivo, Madagascar
Authors: Rakotosamimanana Niaina , Raharimanga Vaomalala , Andriamandimby Soa Fy , Soares Jean-Louis , Doherty T. Mark , Ratsitorahina Maherisoa , Ramarokoto Herimanana , Zumla Alimuddin , Huggett Jim , Rook Graham , Richard Vincent , Gicquel Brigitte , Rasolofo-Razanamparany Voahangy 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

The majority of healthy individuals exposed to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
will not develop tuberculosis (TB), though many may become latently infected. More precise measurement of the human immune response to
M. tuberculosis
infection may help us understand this difference and potentially identify those subjects most at risk of developing active disease. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production has been widely used as a proxy marker to study infection and to examine the human immune response to specific
M. tuberculosis
antigens. It has been suggested that genetically distinct
M. tuberculosis
strains may invoke different immune responses, although how these differences influence the immune responses and clinical outcome in human tuberculosis is still poorly understood. We therefore evaluated the antigen-specific IFN-γ production responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from two cohorts of subjects recruited in Antananarivo, Madagascar, from 2004 to 2006 and examined the influence of the infecting
M. tuberculosis
strains on this response. The cohorts were sputum-positive index cases and their household contacts. Clinical strains isolated from the TB patients were typed by spoligotyping. Comparison of the IFN-γ responses with the spoligotype of the infecting clinical strains showed that “modern”
M. tuberculosis
strains, like Beijing and Central Asian (CAS) strains, tended to induce lower IFN-γ responses than “ancient” strains, like East African-Indian (EAI) strains, in index cases and their household contacts. These results suggest that new strains may have evolved to induce a host response different from that of ancient strains. These findings could have important implications in the development of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.
Correlates of Protection Induced by Vaccination
Authors: Plotkin Stanley A. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper attempts to summarize current knowledge about immune responses to vaccines that correlate with protection. Although the immune system is redundant, almost all current vaccines work through antibodies in serum or on mucosa that block infection or bacteremia/viremia and thus provide a correlate of protection. The functional characteristics of antibodies, as well as quantity, are important. Antibody may be highly correlated with protection or synergistic with other functions. Immune memory is a critical correlate: effector memory for short-incubation diseases and central memory for long-incubation diseases. Cellular immunity acts to kill or suppress intracellular pathogens and may also synergize with antibody. For some vaccines, we have no true correlates, but only useful surrogates, for an unknown protective response.
Geosmithia argillacea
: an Emerging Pathogen in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Giraud Sandrine , Pihet Marc , Razafimandimby Bienvenue , Carrère Jacqueline , Degand Nicolas , Mely Laurent , Favennec Loïc , Dannaoui Eric , Bouchara Jean-Philippe , Calenda Alphonse 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

We report eight cases of airway colonization by
Geosmithia argillacea
in patients with cystic fibrosis. This filamentous fungus, resembling members of the genera
Penicillium
and
Paecilomyces
, was identified by molecular analysis. All patients carried a mutation on each
CFTR
(cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) allele, with at least one copy of the F508del mutation. The first isolation of this fungus occurred from F508del-homozygous patients at a younger age than in F508del-heterozygous patients. Before recovery of
G. argillacea
, all patients were treated with itraconazole; two of them had also received voriconazole for an
Aspergillus fumigatus
infection. However, antifungal susceptibility patterns showed high MICs of voriconazole for all isolates, and high MICs of amphotericin B and itraconazole for the majority of them, but mostly low minimum effective concentrations (MECs) of caspofungin. The appearance and persistence of
G. argillacea
in the airways were not associated with exacerbation of the disease. However, the clinical implications of
G. argillacea
, particularly in immunocompromised patients, remain a concern, particularly given recent observations suggesting that this fungus may also cause disseminated infections.
Nasopharyngeal Carriage of
Haemophilus haemolyticus
in Otitis-Prone and Healthy Children
Authors: Kirkham Lea-Ann S. , Wiertsema Selma P. , Mowe Eva N. , Bowman Jacinta M. , Riley Thomas V. , Richmond Peter C. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Haemophilus haemolyticus
is often incorrectly categorized as nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae
(NTHI) upon culture. PCR analyses of 266 NTHI-like nasopharyngeal isolates from children with and without recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) revealed that 11.7% were
H. haemolyticus
and 9.4% gave equivocal results. Children with rAOM were more likely to carry
H. haemolyticus
.
Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification Assay for Human Papillomavirus mRNA Detection and Typing: Evidence for DNA Amplification
Authors: Boulet Gaëlle A. V. , Micalessi Isabel M. , Horvath Caroline A. J. , Benoy Ina H. , Depuydt Christophe E. , Bogers Johannes J. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTHuman papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 mRNA has been proposed as a more specific marker for cervical dysplasia and cancer than HPV DNA. This study evaluated the RNA specificity of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA)-based HPV detection using HPV DNA plasmids (HPV type 16 [HPV16], HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, and HPV45) and nucleic acid extracts of several cell lines, which were systematically subjected to enzymatic treatments with DNase and RNase. HPV plasmid dilutions (106to 100copies/μl) and nucleic acid extracts (total DNA, RNA-free DNA, total RNA, and DNA-free RNA) of unfixed and fixed (PreServCyt and SurePath) HaCaT, HeLa, and CaSki cells were tested with the NucliSENS EasyQ HPV test. The RNA-free DNA extracts of HeLa and CaSki cells could be amplified by HPV18 and -16 NASBA, respectively. Fixation of the cells did not influence NASBA. All HPV plasmids could be detected with NASBA. Based on the plasmid dilution series, a lower detection limit of 5 × 103HPV DNA copies could be determined. Our study identified viral double-stranded DNA as a possible target for NASBA-based HPV detection. The differences in diagnostic accuracy between the NASBA-based tests and conventional HPV DNA detection assays seem to be attributable not to the more specific amplification of viral mRNA but to the limited type range and the lower analytical sensitivity for HPV DNA.
The
Streptococcus milleri
Population of a Cystic Fibrosis Clinic Reveals Patient Specificity and Intraspecies Diversity
Authors: Sibley Christopher D. , Sibley Kristen A. , Leong Tara A. , Grinwis Margot E. , Parkins Michael D. , Rabin Harvey R. , Surette Michael G. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

The genetic relatedness of
Streptococcus milleri
group isolates from the airways of cystic fibrosis patients was determined by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. This study reveals no evidence for patient-to-patient transmission in our patient population; however, within individual patients, complex inter- and intraspecies diversity and dynamics can be observed.
Perinatal Sepsis Caused by
Williamsia serinedens
Infection in a 31-Year-Old Pregnant Woman
Authors: Yassin Atteyet F. , Lombardi Salvatore J. , Fortunato Stephen J. , McNabb Paul C. , Carr Mark B. , Trabue Christopher H. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Williamsia serinedens
has been isolated from soil but has not yet been implicated in human disease. We report the first case of perinatal sepsis caused by a dual-morphotype form of
Williamsia serinedens
in a 31-year-old pregnant woman hospitalized with preterm labor.
Phylogenetic Analysis of a Virulent
Borrelia
Species Isolated from Patients with Relapsing Fever
Authors: Toledo A. , Anda P. , Escudero R. , Larsson C. , Bergstrom S. , Benach J. L. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was used to clarify the taxonomic status of a virulent
Borrelia
organism previously isolated from patients with relapsing fever and from ticks in Spain that is designated the Spanish relapsing fever (SRF)
Borrelia
. This species has been used extensively in experimental infection models because of its continued virulence. Seven genes were amplified to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among several Spanish isolates of SRF
Borrelia
and other relapsing fever
Borrelia
species. The genes targeted in this study included
rrs
and
flaB
, which have commonly been used in phylogenetic studies; the
rrf-rrl
intergenic spacer (IGS), which is highly discriminatory; and four additional genes,
p66
,
groEL
,
glpQ
, and
recC
, which are located on the chromosome and which have therefore evolved in a clonal way. The species included in this study were
Borrelia duttonii
,
B. recurrentis
,
B. crocidurae
, and
B. hispanica
as Old World
Borrelia
species and
B. turicatae
and
B. hermsii
as New World
Borrelia
species. The results obtained by MLSA of the SRF
Borrelia
on the basis of 1% of the genomic sequence data analyzed confirmed that the SRF
Borrelia
isolates are
B. hispanica
. However, the prototype isolates of
B. hispanica
used in this study have an uncertain history and display unique phenotypic characteristics that are not shared with the SRF
Borrelia
. Therefore, we propose to use strain SP1, isolated from a relapsing fever patient in 1994 in southern Spain, as the type strain for
B. hispanica
.
Multilocus Sequence Types of Carbapenem-Resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
in Singapore Carrying Metallo-β-Lactamase Genes, Including the Novel
bla
IMP-26
Gene
Authors: Koh Tse Hsien , Khoo Cheng Teng , Tan Thuan Tong , Mohamed Arshad Mohamed Amir Bin , Ang Li Ping , Lau Lee Jin , Hsu Li-Yang , Ooi Eng Eong 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT

Nine imipenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
isolates were found to contain a variety of metallo-β-lactamase genes, including
bla
IMP-1
,
bla
IMP-7
,
bla
VIM-2
,
bla
VIM-6
, and the novel
bla
IMP-26
. Multilocus sequence typing showed a diversity of sequence types. Comparison with isolates from an earlier study showed that the epidemic clones from 2000 have not become established.
Clinical and Etiological Characteristics of Enterovirus 71-Related Diseases during a Recent 2-Year Period in Korea
Authors: Ryu Wi-Sun , Kang Byounghak , Hong Jiyoung , Hwang Seoyeon , Kim Jonghyun , Cheon Doo-Sung 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACT
Human enterovirus 71 (EV 71) has caused large-scale outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), particularly in the Asian-Pacific region. In this study, we report a major outbreak of EV 71 infection in Korea and describe the clinical differences between EV 71 and non-EV 71 enterovirus infections. We prospectively enrolled patients with suspected viral infections during a recent 2-year period through a nationwide surveillance system. We identified 719 patients with suspected HFMD or herpangina using real-time PCR and genotyping based on VP1 sequence analysis. The major pathogen causing HFMD changed substantially from 2008 to 2009, with EV 71 becoming the most common cause of HFMD in Korea in 2009. We successfully identified the enteroviral genotypes for 218 of the 719 patients. Patients with EV 71 infections tended to be younger than those with non-EV 71 enteroviral infections and presented with HFMD and meningoencephalitis. In addition, the occurrence of fever, headache, and neck stiffness was significantly higher in patients with EV 71 infections. Multivariable analysis showed that for patients presenting with HFMD, fever, or a sore throat, each covariate was independently associated with EV 71 infection; the adjusted odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses) for these variables were 31.86 (10.04 to 101.09), 4.76 (1.71 to 13.25), and 0.18 (0.04 to 0.77), respectively. Our results indicate that EV 71 was a major cause of HFMD in Korea during the study period. In addition, we found that clinical symptoms may be helpful in the early identification of patients with EV 71 infections.