bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased inferior frontal activation during word generation: A marker of genetic risk for schizophrenia but not bipolar disorder?
Authors: Costafreda Sergi G. , Fu Cynthia H.Y. , Picchioni Marco , Kane Fergus , McDonald Colm , Prata Diana P. , Kalidindi Sridevi , Walshe Muriel , Curtis Vivienne , Bramon Elvira , Kravariti Eugenia , Marshall Nicolette , Toulopoulou Timothea , Barker Gareth J. , David Anthony S. , Brammer Michael J. , Murray Robin M. , McGuire Philip K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDuring verbal‐fluency tasks, impairments in performance and functional abnormalities in the inferior frontal cortex have been observed in both schizophrenia patients and their unaffected relatives. We sought to examine whether such functional abnormalities are a specific marker of genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. We studied a sample of 132 subjects, comprising 39 patients with schizophrenia, 10 unaffected monozygotic (MZ) cotwins of schizophrenia probands, 28 patients with bipolar disorder, 7 unaffected MZ cotwins of bipolar disorder probands and 48 healthy controls. Blood oxygen level‐dependent response was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging during the performance of an overt verbal‐fluency task with two levels of task difficulty, in a cytoarchitectonic region of interest encompassing Brodmann areas 44 and 45 bilaterally. Patients with schizophrenia and the unaffected MZ cotwins of schizophrenia probands showed increased activation in the inferior frontal cortex relative to healthy controls and bipolar patients. Increased engagement of the inferior frontal cortex during verbal‐fluency may thus be a marker of genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebral blood flow changes induced by pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease: A [15O] H2O PET study
Authors: Ballanger Benedicte , Lozano Andres M. , Moro Elena , van Eimeren Thilo , Hamani Clement , Chen Robert , Cilia Roberto , Houle Sylvain , Poon Yu Yan , Lang Anthony E. , Strafella Antonio P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPatients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) develop disabling axial symptoms, including gait disturbances, freezing and postural instability poorly responsive to levodopa replacement therapy. The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is involved in locomotion, control of posture, and behavioral states [i.e. wakefulness, rapid eye movement sleep]. Recent reports suggested that PPN modulation with deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be beneficial in the treatment of axial symptoms. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unknown. We used [15O] H2O PET to investigate regional cerebral blood flow in three patients with advanced PD who underwent a new experimental surgical procedure with implantation of unilateral PPN‐DBS. Patients were studied Off‐medication with stimulator Off and On, both at rest and during a self‐paced alternating motor task of the lower limbs. We used SPM2 for imaging data analysis, threshold P < 0.05 corrected at the cluster level. Stimulation induced significant regional cerebral blood flow increment in subcortical regions such as the thalamus (P < 0.006), cerebellum (P < 0.001), and midbrain region (P < 0.001) as well as different cortical areas involving medial sensorimotor cortex extending into caudal supplementary motor area (BA 4/6; P < 0.001). PPN‐DBS in advanced PD resulted in blood flow and presumably neuronal activity changes in subcortical and cortical areas involved in balance and motor control, including the mesencephalic locomotor region (e.g. PPN) and closely interconnected structures within the cerebello‐(rubro)‐thalamo‐cortical circuit. Whether these findings are associated with the DBS‐PPN clinical effect remains to be proven. However, they suggest that PPN modulation may induce functional changes in neural networks associated with the control of lower limb movements. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of synchronous lung tumors in patients presenting with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Ghosh Samit K. , Roland Nicholas J. , Kumar Aman , Tandon Sankalap , Lancaster Jeffrey L. , Jackson Shaun R. , Jones Andrew , Lewis Jones Huw , Hanlon Rebecca , Jones Terry M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground.Screening for synchronous pulmonary tumors in patients presenting with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is important, because detection may alter subsequent management.Methods.We conducted a retrospective review, comparing effectiveness of pulmonary screening using thoracic CT or chest X‐ray, in 1882 patients presenting with SCCHN.Results.The overall rate of synchronous pulmonary tumors was 4.3%. The number needed to scan, ie, the number of thoracic CTs required to detect 1 pulmonary tumor, is reported for recurrent primary tumors, primary disease load (T and N classification), and individual primary sites. The incidence of pulmonary metastases is related to locoregional disease load while the incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma is sporadic.Conclusion.Although it is possible to propose a pragmatic screening protocol for pulmonary metastases, this is not possible for bronchogenic carcinomas. Therefore, we recommend that thoracic CT is used in all cases to screen for coexistent pulmonary pathology. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule 1993–2002: A nationwide retrospective study from DAHANCA
Authors: Agger Andreas , von Buchwald Christian , Madsen Anders Rørbæk , Yde Jesper , Lesnikova Iana , Christensen Charlotte Birk , Foghsgaard Søren , Christensen Thomas Broe , Hansen Hanne Sand , Larsen Susanne , Bentzen Jens , Andersen Elo , Andersen Lisbeth , Grau Cai 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground.A retrospective nationwide study of cancer of the nasal vestibule was conducted to evaluate classification systems and prognostic factors for treatment outcome.Methods.Patients treated between 1993 and 2002 at head and neck oncology centers in Denmark were included.Results.The 5‐year results were locoregional control 67%, overall survival 50%, cancer‐specific survival 74%. Cancer‐specific survival according to Wang classification was 83%, 63%, and 39% for T1, T2, T3, respectively (p < .000). Regarding T1 tumors, 5‐year locoregional control for surgery, surgery + radiotherapy (RT), or RT was 94%, 87%, or 61%, respectively (p < .000). Fifty‐four Gray in 18 fractions was found comparable with 66 Gy in 33 fractions regarding T1 tumors.Conclusion.This national survey is the largest series of nasal vestibule cancer ever published. Wang classification is more prognostic and easier to use than the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer 2002. Surgery or hypofractionated RT can be used for T1 lesions, whereas larger lesions should be treated with combined approach. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Surgical anatomy of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in Chinese adults and its clinical applications
Authors: Chuang Fu‐Jie , Chen Jui‐Yu , Shyu Jia‐Fwu , Su Cheng‐Hsi , Shyr Yi‐Ming , Wu Chew‐Wun , Lui Wing‐Yui , Lee Chen‐Shen , Chen Tien‐Hua 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground.The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomic features of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) in Chinese adults.Methods.We analyzed the anatomic distribution of the 86 EBSLNs in 43 cadavers.Results.The incidences of the EBSLN in the thyroid area were 94.2% and 91.3% on the right and left sides, respectively. In accord with the Cernea classification, type 1 was 16.2%, type2a was 39.5%, and type 2 was 38.3%. There were no significant differences between the right and the left side. The high‐risk position of the EBSLN was 77.8%.Conclusions.The inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage was a reliable landmark in identifying the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve. Racial variations between the white and the Chinese should be taken into consideration for an explanation of the differences. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Papillary microcarcinoma in comparison with larger papillary thyroid carcinoma in BRAFV600E mutation, clinicopathological features, and immunohistochemical findings
Authors: Park Young Joo , Kim Young A. , Lee You Jin , Kim Soon Hui , Park So Yeon , Kim Kyung Won , Chung June Key , Youn Yeo Kyu , Kim Kwang Hyun , Park Do Joon , Cho Bo Youn 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground.Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PMC; ≤1 cm) is thought to take a benign course during the lifetime. However, recent studies showed high recurrence rates for PMC.Methods.We analyzed the clinicopathological features, long‐term prognosis, and some molecular characteristics including BRAFV600E mutation by retrospectively reviewing the records of 1150 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 278 with PMC, and 868 with PTC >1 cm.Results.The prevalence of extrathyroidal invasion (52.2%) and initial nodal metastasis (34.9%) in patients with PMC was surprisingly high and almost as high as that for patients with PTC (72.4% and 51.8%, respectively). The rate of recurrent or persistent disease did not differ between patients with PMC and PTC (recurrent or persistent disease, 6.1% vs 14.1%; 53.4‐ vs 84.2‐month follow‐up; n = 98 vs 647; corrected p = .112). The frequency of BRAFV600E mutation was similar in patients with PMC and PTC (65.6% vs 67.2%). Immunohistochemical staining showed no different expression pattern according to the tumor size.Conclusion.These results suggest that PMC is not an occult cancer and it can act like larger PTC. Therefore, PMC should not be underestimated in practice. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
IP3 mobilization and diffusion determine the timing window of Ca2+ release by synaptic stimulation and a spike in rat CA1 pyramidal cells
Authors: Manita Satoshi , Ross William N. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSynaptically activated calcium release from internal stores in CA1 pyramidal neurons is generated via metabotropic glutamate receptors by mobilizing IP3. Ca2+ release spreads as a large amplitude wave in a restricted region of the apical dendrites of these cells. These Ca2+ waves have been shown to induce certain forms of synaptic potentiation and have been hypothesized to affect other forms of plasticity. Pairing a single backpropagating action potential (bAP) with repetitive synaptic stimulation evokes Ca2+ release when synaptic stimulation alone is subthreshold for generating release. We examined the timing window for this synergistic effect under conditions favoring Ca2+ release. The window, measured from the end of the train, lasted 250–500 ms depending on the duration of stimulation tetanus. The window appears to correspond to the time when both IP3 concentration and [Ca2+]i are elevated at the site of the IP3 receptor. Detailed analysis of the mechanisms determining the duration of the window, including experiments using different forms of caged IP3 instead of synaptic stimulation, suggest that the most significant processes are the time for IP3 to diffuse away from the site of generation and the time course of IP3 production initiated by activation of mGluRs. IP3 breakdown, desensitization of the IP3 receptor, and the kinetics of IP3 unbinding from the receptor may affect the duration of the window but are less significant. The timing window is short but does not appear to be short enough to suggest that this form of coincidence detection contributes to conventional spike timing‐dependent synaptic plasticity in these cells. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulatory metaplasticity induced by pregnenolone sulfate in the rat hippocampus: A leftward shift in LTP/LTD‐frequency curve
Authors: Chen Ling , Cai Weiyan , Chen Lei , Zhou Rong , Furuya Kishio , Sokabe Masahiro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe recently have found that an acute application of the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate (PREGS) at 50 μM to rat hippocampal slices induces a long‐lasting potentiation (LLPPREGS) via a sustained ERK2/CREB activation at perforant‐path/granule‐cell synapses in the dentate gyrus. This study is a follow up to investigate whether the expression of LLPPREGSinfluences subsequent frequency‐dependent synaptic plasticity. Conditioning electric stimuli (CS) at 0.1–200 Hz were given to the perforant‐path of rat hippocampal slices expressing LLPPREGSto induce long‐term potentiation (LTP) and long‐term depression (LTD). The largest LTP was induced at about 20 Hz‐CS, which is normally a subthreshold frequency, and the largest LTD at 0.5 Hz‐CS, resulting in a leftward‐shift of the LTP/LTD‐frequency curve. Furthermore, the level of LTP at 100 Hz‐CS was significantly attenuated to give band‐pass filter characteristics of LTP induction with a center frequency of about 20 Hz. The LTP induced by 20 Hz‐CS (termed 20 Hz‐LTP) was found to be postsynaptic origin and dependent on L‐type voltage‐gated calcium channel (L‐VGCC) but not onN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAr). Moreover, the induction of 20 Hz‐LTP required a sustained activation of ERK2 that had been triggered by PREGS. In conclusion, the transient elevation of PREGS is suggested to induce a modulatory metaplasticity through a sustained activation of ERK2 in an L‐VGCC dependent manner. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Efficient Synthesis of Novel Hexahydropyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives from (Arylmethylidene)pyruvic Acids (=(3E)‐4‐Aryl‐2‐oxobut‐3‐enoic Acids) in Aqueous Media
Authors: Balalaie Saeed , Abdolmohammadi Shahrzad , Soleimanifard Bita 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA series of new hexahydropyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives 3 were synthesized by the cyclocondensation reaction of (arylmethylidene)pyruvic acids (=(3E)‐4‐aryl‐2‐oxobut‐3‐enoic acids) 1 and 6‐aminouracils (=6‐aminopyrimidine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones) 2 in H2O under reflux conditions (Scheme 1, Table). This novel protocol has the advantages of facility, of easy workup, of high yields, and of an environmentally benign procedure. The structures of compounds 3a–3f were corroborated spectroscopically (IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and EI‐MS). A plausible mechanism for the reaction is proposed (Scheme 2).
One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 2‐(Alkylimino)‐7‐oxo‐1‐oxa‐6‐azaspiro[4.4]nona‐3,8‐diene‐3,4‐dicarboxylates
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Moghimi Setareh , Sayahi Mohammad Hosein , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe reactive zwitterionic 1 : 1 intermediate 6 generated in situ from the reaction between an isocyanide 2 and a dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate (=dialkyl but‐2‐ynedioate) 3 was trapped by an N‐arylmaleimide or ‐phthalimide 4 to produce a highly functionalized 1‐oxa‐6‐azaspiro[4.4]nona‐3,8‐diene‐3,4‐dicarboxylate 5 in excellent yield (Scheme and Table).
Synthesis of Novel Gemini Dicationic Acidic Ionic Liquids and Their Catalytic Performances in the Beckmann Rearrangement
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Xiao Linfei , Wu Hugjiltu , Chen Jing , Xia Chungu 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA series of novel gemini dicationic acidic ionic liquids (GDAILs), compounds 1–3 carrying two SO3H groups at the cation moieties and having anions of the type CF3SO$\rm{ _3^ - }$, were synthesized in good yields (Scheme 1). Some physicochemical properties of 1–3 were determined; due to their unique structures, these novel GDAILs showed noticeable hydrophilic properties and strong acidities (Table 1). Beckmann rearrangements of oximes catalyzed by 1, 2, or 3/zinc chloride (GDAIL/ZnCl2) were investigated (Scheme 2); the corresponding amides were formed in up to 99% yield in the presence of 5 mol‐% of GDAIL/ZnCl2 catalyst under optimized conditions (Tables 2 and 3). The peculiar solubilities of 1–3 made the separation of the catalysts from the products very facile, and the catalytic system could be recycled and reused for three times.
Copper‐ and Phosphine‐Free Sonogashira Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Polyurea‐Encapsulated Palladi­um(II)
Authors: Kuang Yun‐Yan , Chen Fen‐Er 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA polyurea‐encapsulated palladium catalyst (Pd EnCatTM 30) was first applied to Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions in the absence of a copper salt co‐catalyst and under phosphine‐free conditions. This polymer‐anchored homogeneous palladium catalyst efficiently catalyzed the Sonogashira reaction of various iodoarenes with terminal alkynes in H2O/MeCN, and good yields were obtained at 40° after 3–7 h in the presence of piperidine. Moreover, this catalyst maintains its efficiency through three recycle runs.
New Derivatives of Ascomycin with Modifications in the Amino Acid Region – Synthesis and Biological Activities, and X‐Ray Crystal Structure of 5,6‐Dehydroascomycin
Authors: Bulusu Murty A. R. C. , Waldstätten Peter , Tricotet Thomas , Rochais Christophe , Steck Andrea , Bacher Markus , Schulz Gerhard , Meingassner Josef G. , Hiestand Peter , Zenke Gerhard , Schuler Walter , Wagner Trixie 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe immunomodulatory macrolide ascomycin (1a) inhibits T‐cell activation via binding to macrophilin‐12 and inhibition of the phosphatase calcineurin. Its structural analogs pimecrolimus and tacrolimus have recently become available as the first novel topical treatments of atopic dermatitis since the introduction of topical corticosteroids in the 1950s. This stimulated the search for novel derivatives with an improved biological profile. Though several derivatives of 1a are known, only a few derivatives with modifications on the amino acid moiety are available because of the chemical inaccessibility of this region. To this end, we present here a new approach using a photochemical reaction as the key step. Thus, irradiation of ascomycin (1a) led to mixtures of the methoxy products 2a and 8, the cleavage product 4a, the but‐1‐enyl derivative 7, and the oxazolidinone 9 depending on the solvent. The selectivity of the reaction was improved to furnish 2a or 9 in preparatively useful yields. The mechanism and scope of the reaction were investigated. Starting from 2a, several analogs featuring novel modifications on the amino acid moiety, which are not easily accessible through routine methods, were synthesized in a few steps. Further, using the photoreaction key intermediates with potential for broader modifications on the amino acid moiety were synthesized, and their utility was exemplified by the synthesis of vinylpipecolic acid and vinylproline analogs. An interesting photochemical cleavage of the amide bond in the derivatives of ascomycin (1a) is presented. The structural and conformational features of the new analogs together with the X‐ray crystal structure of 5,6‐dehydroascomycin (6a) are presented, and their biological activities are discussed. Of all the derivatives, 6a showed the best activities in in vitro and in vivo models of allergic contact dermatitis whilst showing a lower risk of immunosuppression.
The association study of three FYN polymorphisms with prophylactic lithium response in bipolar patients
Authors: Szczepankiewicz Aleksandra , Skibinska Maria , Suwalska Aleksandra , Hauser Joanna , Rybakowski Janusz K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFYN belongs to the protein kinase family that phosphorylates NMDA receptor subunits, participating in the regulation of ion transmission and BDNF/TrkB signal transduction pathway. Lithium inhibits glutamatergic transmission via NMDA receptors, exerting neuroprotective effect against excitotoxicity. The aim of this study was to find possible association of three polymorphisms of FYN gene with prophylactic lithium response in the group of bipolar patients.We analyzed 101 bipolar patients treated with lithium carbonate for 5–27 years (mean 15 years). Twenty‐four patients were identified as excellent lithium responders (ER), 51 patients as partial responders (PRs), and 26 patients were non‐responders. Genotypes of the three analyzed polymorphisms were established by PCR‐RFLP. Statistical analysis was done with Statistica.No significant differences in genotype distribution and allele frequencies were observed between T/G and A/G FYN polymorphisms and lithium response. We observed a trend toward association of TT genotype and T allele of T/C polymorphism with worse lithium response.The results of the study demonstrated only marginal association between FYN polymorphisms and prophylactic lithium response in bipolar patients. The results are discussed in light of our previous studies on FYN gene in bipolar illness and BDNF gene in lithium response. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of Populus euphratica root uptake of groundwater in an arid woodland of the Ejina Basin, China
Authors: Zhu Yonghua , Ren Liliang , Skaggs Todd H. , Lü Haishen , Yu Zhongbo , Wu Yanqing , Fang Xiuqin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Ejina Basin is an extremely arid subwatershed in Northwest China. The predominant natural tree species in the area, Populus euphratica, depends on groundwater for sustenance. In recent decades, groundwater overdraft and increased water diversions from the Heihe River caused water table elevations to decline, such that large areas of P. euphratica have withered, creating a highly visible symbol of ecological change and desertification in the Ejina Basin. Ecological restoration efforts aimed at saving existing woodlands and cultivating new stands of P. euphratica are underway. To provide a better scientific basis for ecological restoration plans, it is necessary to understand the effect of water table elevation on P. euphratica water uptake. In this work, we used the HYDRUS‐1D software package to study groundwater movement into the root zone and the uptake of groundwater in a 10‐year‐old P. euphratica woodland. Additionally, we examined the changes in uptake that would occur for different water table elevations. The model calibration was confirmed by comparing predicted soil moisture contents during the P. euphratica growing season with field measured values. The results indicate that in 2000, with an average water table depth of 2·64 m, P. euphratica at the study site obtained about 53% of its water from groundwater during the middle part of the growing season (day of year 160–290). Simulations made with constant water table depths found that increasing the water table depth from 2 to 3 metres resulted in a 74% reduction in transpiration. Many factors can influence the optimal water table depth at a given site. An advantage of the modelling approach is that these factors can be systematically varied, creating a site‐specific impact assessment of water management options that may alter water table depths, thus aiding ecological restoration efforts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.