bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRAPOD: A Transformer Architecture Exploits Intraoperative Temporal Dynamics Improving the Prediction of Postoperative Delirium
Authors: Giesa Niklas , Sekutowicz Maria , Rubarth Kerstin , Spies Claudia , Balzer Felix , Haufe Stefan , Boie Sebastian Daniel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Motivation. Patients who experienced postoperative delirium (POD) are at higher risk of poor outcomes like dementia or death. Previous machine learning (ML) models predicting POD mostly relied on time-aggregated features.
Objective. We assessed the potential of temporal patterns in clinical parameters during surgeries to predict POD.
Methods. Long short-term memory (LSTM) and transformer models, directly consuming time series, were compared to multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) trained on time-aggregated features. We also fitted hybrid models, fusing either LSTM or transformer models with MLPs. Univariate Spearman’s rank correlations and linear mixed-effect models establish the importance of individual features that we compared to transformers’ attention weights.
Results. Best performance was achieved by a transformer architecture ingesting 30 minutes of intraoperative parameter sequences. Systolic invasive blood pressure and given opioids marked the most important input variables, in line with univariate feature importances.
Conclusion. Intraoperative temporal dynamics of clinical parameters, exploited by a tailored transformer architecture named TRAPOD, are critical for the accurate prediction of POD.
Salivary Metabolomics for the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer Using a Rapid Thin-Film Micro-Extraction Method
Authors: Pelit Fusun , Erbas Ilknur , Ozupek Nazli Mert , Gul Merve , Sakrak Esra , Ocakoglu Kasim , Pelit Levent , Ozdemir Durmus , Goksel Tuncay , Basbinar Yasemin , Goksel Ozlem 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In recent years, numerous metabolomics experiments on lung cancer have not only identified novel biomarkers for early diagnosis, but also investigated the altered metabolic pathways to enhance our understanding of its pathogenesis. Thin-film microextraction (TFME) is a non-invasive, cost-effective, and selective analytical technique for the rapid identification of metabolite biomarkers in clinical samples and has significant potential to be used in this field. This study aimed to investigate the role of targeted salivary metabolomics as a diagnostic tool for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using a TFME-based method applied to the saliva. A total of 40 NSCLC patients comprised the study group, along with 38 healthy controls. TFME blades modified with SiO2 nanoparticles and produced by a custom-made coating system. Validation of the metabolite biomarker analysis were performed by these blades using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). The extraction efficiencies of SiO2 nanoparticle/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite coated blades were compared for 18 metabolites. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the analysis conditions. The efficacy of metabolites for diagnosis was determined by in silico methods and the results revealed that phenylalanine and purine metabolism metabolites (i.e. hypoxanthine) are of great importance, while ROC curve data revealed that proline, hypoxanthine, and phenylalanine were potential biomarkers for NSCLC diagnosis.
A Comparative Analysis of Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption Patterns Underlying Hypertension Prevalence Across Indian Women: Evidence from NFHS-5
Authors: Yadav Shanvi , Siddiqui Aamir 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The rise of hypertension among women aged 15–49 in India poses a significant public health challenge. To gain a better understanding of this issue, this study explores the prevalence of hypertension and its potential correlation with tobacco and alcohol use among women in the reproductive age group. By utilizing data from India's National Family Health Survey 5 (NFHS-5), the study aims to test the hypothesis that there is a link between hypertension and alcohol and tobacco consumption.
Methodology:
This study employs a descriptive approach and utilizes a stratified two-stage sample from NFHS 5 rural and urban, with a total of 724,115 women included in the analysis. Using binomial logistic regression, was used to examine the association between hypertension and individual, household, and behavioral factors.
Results
Overall, 4.6% of women are affected by hypertension. The study also revealed that 6.2%, 1.9%, and 7.7% of women respectively, reported using tobacco, alcohol, and both substances simultaneously. Further analysis showed that those who used tobacco (4.9%) and alcohol (6.0%) had a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to non-users (4.6%). The highest occurrence of hypertension was observed among those who used both substances (5.1%). This aligns with the results of adjusted logistic regression, which confirmed that tobacco use (OR 1.073), alcohol use (OR 1.325), and dual-use (OR 1.129) were all significantly linked to a higher likelihood of developing hypertension.
Conclusion
In India, there is a concerning link between hypertension and the consumption of tobacco and alcohol, particularly when used together, among young women. This highlights the need for immediate and widespread action to reduce the uptake of these substances. Policies that limit the advertising and availability of tobacco and alcohol should be implemented, alongside educational initiatives that address the dangers of hypertension. Additionally, improving access to health services for screening and treatment is crucial in addressing this issue.
Cilostazol Alleviates Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Attenuating Microcirculatory Dysfunction
Authors: Naraoka Masato , Shimamura Norihito , Ohkuma Hiroki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Cilostazol, which exerts its antiplatelet effect by inhibiting anti-PDE3, could have a therapeutic effect on delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, the mechanism by which cilostazol alleviates DCI has not been established. We hypothesized that cilostazol alleviates DCI by diminishing cerebral microcirculatory disturbances, a component of Early Brain Injury, by analyzing intracerebral circulation time (iCCT) among patients from two randomized controlled trials. Using data from 256 patients with aSAH, we measured the iCCT was described as the TTP in the ultra-early phase (the baseline iCCT) and the TTP in the subacute phase and/or at the onset of DCI (the follow-up iCCT). In addition, the difference in the iCCT was calculated by subtracting the baseline iCCT from the follow-up iCCT (iCCT differences). In the two RCTs, 74 patients received cilostazol, 54 received pitavastatin, and 128 were controls. We examined the effect of cilostazol and pitavastatin treatment on cerebral microcirculatory disturbances using iCCT as an index. A minority of patients (n = 72; 28%) had severe aVS, DCI (n = 42; 16%), and poor outcomes (n = 35; 14%). The cilostazol arm showed shorter follow-up iCCT and expanded iCCT differences suggesting improved microcirculatory dysfunction among those with DCI and among patients with poor outcomes than those with pitavastatin and control arms. Cilostazol treatment and Hunt & Hess grade 3–4 were associated with poor patient outcomes. Alleviation of DCI and improvements in outcomes among patients with aSAH after cilostazol treatment may be due to diminished microcirculatory dysfunction.
The Landscape of Fusion Transcripts in Plants: A New Insight into Genome Complexity
Authors: Chitkara Pragya , Singh Ajeet , Gangwar Rashmi , Bhardwaj Rohan , Zahra Shafaque , Arora Simran , Hamid Fiza , Arya Ajay , Sahu Namrata , Chakraborty Srija , Ramesh Madhulika , Kumar Shailesh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Fusion transcripts (FTs), generated by the fusion of genes at the DNA level or RNA-level splicing events significantly contribute to transcriptome diversity. FTs are usually considered unique features of neoplasia and serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for multiple cancers. The latest findings show the presence of FTs in normal human physiology. Several discreet reports mentioned the presence of fusion transcripts in planta, has important roles in stress responses, morphological alterations, or traits (e.g. seed size, etc.).
Results
In this study, we identified 169197 fusion transcripts in 2795 transcriptome datasets of Arabidopsis thaliana, Cicer arietinum, and Oryza sativa by using a combination of tools, and confirmed the translational activity of 150 fusion transcripts through proteomic datasets. Analysis of the FT junction sequences and their association with epigenetic factors, as revealed by ChIP-Seq datasets, demonstrated an organised process of fusion formation at the DNA level. We investigated the possible impact of three-dimensional chromatin conformation on intra-chromosomal fusion events by leveraging the Hi-C datasets with the incidence of fusion transcripts. We further utilised the long-read RNA-Seq datasets to validate the most reoccurring fusion transcripts in each plant species followed by further authentication through RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing.
Conclusions
Our findings suggests that a significant portion of fusion events may be attributed to alternative splicing during transcription, accounting for numerous fusion events without a proportional increase in the number of RNA pairs. Even non-nuclear DNA transcripts from mitochondria and chloroplasts can participate in intra- and inter-chromosomal fusion formation. Genes in close spatial proximity are more prone to undergoing fusion formation, especially in intra-chromosomal FTs. Most of the fusion transcripts may not undergo translation and served as long non-coding RNAs. Low validation rate of FTs in plants indicated that the fusions transcripts are expressed at very low levels, like in case of human. FTs often originate from parental genes involved in essential biological processes, suggesting their relevance across diverse tissues and stress conditions. This study presents a comprehensive repository of fusion transcripts, offering valuable insights into their roles in vital physiological processes and stress responses.
Physical Cognition in Altered Gravity: Link Between Sensorimotor and Cognitive Adaptability
Authors: Cheng Minxin , Han Danyang , Haq Maryam , Ossmy Ori 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

A remarkable aspect of human behaviour is the ability to respond quickly to changes in the environment. This behavioral adaptability—a hallmark of intelligence—is critical for survival and everyday function. However, the question remains open as to how the sensorimotor ability to adapt to physical environments is linked to cognitive ability to modify internal mental representations. Here, we used altered gravity to address this question. Twenty-five participants completed a virtual-reality task that required them to adapt their movements to non-terrestrial gravities and a computerised task in which they had to reason about physical outcomes under varied gravitational conditions. Participants' performance in these tasks was compared against their performance under normal terrestrial gravity to measure adaptability. Our findings reveal stable individual differences in adaptability across both sensorimotor and cognitive domains, with significant correlations between the two. Participants who adeptly adjusted their motor actions to the altered gravitational forces also demonstrated a superior ability to adapt their cognitive strategies under similar conditions. Our findings support the theory of embodied cognition, suggesting a profound linkage between physical interaction with the environment and cognitive processing capabilities. The study raises the possibility that sensorimotor adaptation may enhance abstract reasoning capabilities, or vice versa.
The clinical application of the maximum coagulation velocity parameter in APTT-based clot waveform analysis for different coagulation states
Authors: Liu Ting , Zhang Xue , Song Yuning , Xu Shenjian , Wang Yuebang , Hu Guangyin , Pei Bing , Bai Bing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The maximum coagulation velocity (|Min1|), a parameter of the clot waveform analysis (CWA) based on activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), is the peak coagulation velocity of thrombin on fibrinogen. This comprehensive index reflects the effectiveness of patients' hemostatic response to injury. Our study aimed to investigate changes in |Min1| based on different coagulation states and compare them with the traditional coagulation index APTT. We examined the characteristics of |Min1| in 655 Chinese patients. Healthy patients from the check-up center were included as healthy controls (n = 79, including 34 women serving as a control group of non-pregnant women and 69 subjects serving as healthy controls of patients with hypercoagulability). The hypercoagulability groups were the thrombosis group (n = 50), fracture group (n = 43), trauma group (n = 36), infection group (n = 74), tumor group (n = 106), early pregnancy group (n = 135), late pregnancy group (n = 85), and a low coagulation group (n = 49) on long-term warfarin treatment with considerably above average international standard ratio (ISI) times. Our study revealed that |Min1| in each hypercoagulability group was significantly higher than in the corresponding control group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). However, APTT in the infection and trauma groups did not show statistically significant differences compared to the control group (P > 0.05). The variation range of |Min1| in all hypercoagulability groups was considerably more extensive than that of APTT compared to the corresponding control group, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for |Min1| was substantially more significant than that for APTT, particularly in the infection and late pregnancy groups. Compared to the early pregnancy group, |Min1| in the late pregnancy group was significantly higher (P < 0.05). However, these two groups had no statistically significant difference in APTT (P > 0.05). In the low coagulation group, the hemostatic ability represented by |Min1| may not decline with the prolongation of APTT within a specific range, but further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Mendelian randomization analysis explores the causal relationship between cathepsins and osteoarthritis
Authors: Huang Yifeng , Zhang Haoshaqiang , Xie Xinru , Wang Zhigang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Osteoarthritis, a primary etiology of joint dysfunction, entails a multifaceted pathogenesis. Cathepsins, cysteine proteases localized within lysosomes, exert pivotal roles across diverse physiological and pathological contexts. Although observational inquiries suggest an interrelation between cathepsins and osteoarthritis, the etiological nexus remains elusive. Employing Mendelian randomization analysis, this investigation endeavors to elucidate this causal nexus. Univariate Mendelian randomization analysis reveals a plausible augmentation in osteoarthritis risk concomitant with a decline in cathepsin S levels. Conversely, reverse Mendelian randomization analysis posits that osteoarthritis might precipitate a reduction in cathepsin L2 levels. Multivariable analysis, encompassing 9 proteases as covariates, demonstrates a potential collaborative effect between elevated cathepsin F levels and diminished cathepsin S levels, thereby accentuating osteoarthritis risk. In summation, cathepsin S emerges as a prospective biomarker for osteoarthritis, conferring implications for diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms targeting this ailment.
Making color display cool: An electrochemical self-cooled dynamic structural color device
Authors: Wang Boxiang , Jin Shenghao , Yi Fan , Yang Dong , Peng Yujie , Liu Mengqi , Zhao C. Y. , Xiao Ming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Electrochromic (EC) materials can dynamically manipulate transport of light and thermal radiation under the electric field, which are promising for applications such as smart windows and energy-saving display devices. The color switching mechanism in EC materials is mainly based on optical absorption, resulting in excessive solar thermal load when used outdoors. Although daytime radiative cooling (DRC) provides a possible solution for energy-efficient heat dissipation for these outdoor devices, it often leads to a white appearance incompatible with EC color displays. To address this challenge, we develop novel display devices that can simultaneously realize color switching and DRC, enabled by reconfigurable, high-quality optical nanocavities based on reversible metal electrodeposition. These devices can not only achieve sub-ambient cooling of 2.6 ~ 5.3 ℃ under direct sunlight but also exhibit multiplexed adaptive displays with diverse colors, high stability, and long cycle life. Based on worldwide building-level energy simulations, we show this novel display can potentially save electrical energy consumption of 0.8–23.1 kWh/m2 compared to conventional LED displays, providing a new paradigm of passively cooled dynamic color display.
Functional outcomes in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy with three-dimensional images reconstructed based on computed tomography: A propensity score-matched comparative analysis.
Authors: Kobayashi Satoshi , Tsukino Keiji , Mutaguchi Jun , Tanegashima Tokiyoshi , Goto Shunsuke , Matsumoto Takashi , Shiota Masaki , Eto Masatoshi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Our objective was to investigate the long-term functional outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy combined with three-dimensional images, which were reconstructed using computed tomography images. The demographic, oncological, functional, and volumetric outcomes of 296 patients who underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy with and without three-dimensional images between 2013 and 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed to adjust for potential baseline confounders. After matching, 71 patients were allocated to each group. A notable positive trend was observed with increased surgical experience in the three-dimensional robot-assisted partial nephrectomy group for WIT (p = 0.001), parenchymal preservation rate (p < 0.001), split renal function preservation rate on the operated kidney (p = 0.01), and eGFR preservation rate at 12 months (p = 0.021). In addition, functional outcomes (estimated glomerular filtration preservation rate (88.0 vs. 91.6%, P = 0.006), the number of patients with chronic kidney disease upgrading (26 vs. 13, P = 0.023), split renal function preservation rate (operated kidney: 84.9 vs. 88.5%, P = 0.015)) were significantly improved. The three-dimensional robot-assisted partial nephrectomy group was superior in terms of > 90% estimated glomerular filtration preservation (P = 0.010), chronic kidney disease upgrading free survival rates (P < 0.001), and volumetric outcomes (parenchyma volume preservation rate; 81.6 vs. 88.8%, P = 0.006). Three-dimensional images were positively associated with estimated glomerular filtration preservation (P = 0.023, odds ratio: 2.34) and prevention of upstaging chronic kidney disease (P = 0.013, odds ratio: 2.90). In this study, robot-assisted partial nephrectomy combined with three-dimensional images underscored the preservation of eGFR > 90% and the prevention of chronic kidney disease upgrading by improving the preservation rate of renal parenchyma and split renal function.
Rare Cause of Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: Ectopic Duodenal Varices
Authors: HMIMASS SABER , Borahma Mohamed , Kadiri Maryeme , Lagdali nawal , Chabib Fatima zahra , Ajana Fatima zahra 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Portal hypertension leads to the development of esophageal and gastric varices, but rarely to the appearance of varices in other sites, known as ectopic varices. These varices are often responsible for Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhagic complications. Ectopic varices are defined as large portosystemic venous collaterals arising anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract outside the eso-cardial region. We reported a rare case of upper GI hemorrhage from ectopic duodenal varices.
Incidence, antimicrobial resistance and distribution of class 1 and class 2 integron gene cassette arrays in bacteria isolated from ornamental fishes cultured in three districts of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Hemamalini Nallaiah , Shanmugam Seerappalli Aran , Kathirvelpandian Ayyathurai , Deepak Agarwal , Suresh Eswaran 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging problem in the aquaculture sector. Further, it connects livestock and human health through possible horizontal gene transfer. In the present study, 258 bacterial isolates were recovered from ornamental fish samples collected from fish farms in Chennai, Madurai and Tiruvarur districts of Tamil Nadu. 16S rRNA sequencing of the isolates revealed the presence of 86 different bacterial strains in the infected fish samples. The highest diversity index was observed in the Goldfish sample (1.99) collected from Tiruvarur, followed by Flower horn (1.98) sample from Chennai. All the bacterial isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and sulphafurazole. The highest resistance was recorded against oxytetracycline, followed by bacitracin, tetracycline and ampicillin. Some of the bacterial isolates exhibited resistance against the new-generation antibiotic, cefepime. Resistance to new generation antibiotics indicates the need for surveillance and monitoring programs to control the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in aquaculture and develop new generation antibiotics. The highest MAR index was recorded in P. vulgaris(0.79) from Guppy (Tiruvarur). MAR index values, ≥ 0.20 exhibited by the bacterial strains isolated from different locations in Tamil Nadu indicate the abusive use of the antimicrobials. Class 1 and Class 2 integrons were detected in the genomic and plasmid DNA of 71 and 3 isolates, respectively. The findings of the present study indicate that ornamental fish may act as the reservoir of MAR bacteria and threaten the human and animal health through dissemination ARGs via horizontal gene transfer.