bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postthalamic Stroke Dystonic Choreoathetosis Responsive to Tetrabenazine
Authors: Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Polimeni Giovanni , Gervasi Giuseppe , Bramanti Placido 
Published: November 2011

Objective: To describe the case of a woman with poststroke choreoathetosis whose symptoms improved after treatment with tetrabenazine. Case Summary: A 48-year-old left-handed woman developed progressive involuntary dystonic choreoathetoid movements of her arm following a cerebrovascular event. Involuntary abnormal movements (IAMs) were treated with hatoperidol, but they worsened 6 months later, also involving her mouth, tongue, and perioral area. Because of the suspected occurrence of drug-induced tardive dyskinesia, treatment was switched to tetrabenazine (titration up to 100 mg/daily), with rapid remission of the involuntary abnormal movements (Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale score switching from 20 to 1). One month later, following discontinuation of tetrabenazine, the dystonic choreoathetoid movements rapidly reappeared. Subsequent rechallenge with tetrabenazine caused remission of her symptoms. Discussion: Poststroke IAMs are rare, and lesions involving the basal ganglia and/or thalamus seem to be particularly implicated in such disorders. The exact pathogenic mechanism has not bean clarified; however, it has been postulated that a central dopaminergic overactivity might play an important role in the IAM occurrence. Thus, antipsychotics are the main treatment option, but they are often associated with therapeutic failure or adverse effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and metabolic complications. Interestingly, when our patient was treated with tetrabenazine for haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia, she demonstrated substantial improvement in the dystonic choreoathetoid movements of her left upper limb. Conclusions: The improved response of this case to tetrabenazine monotherapy suggests that tetrabenazine may be a pharmacologic alternative for patients with poststroke choreoathetosis that is intolerant or unresponsive to antipsychotic agents. Further studies are needed to better define the risk versus benefit profile of tetrabenazine.
Revisiting the neutral axis in wood beams
Authors: Davis Philip M. , Gupta Rakesh , Sinha Arijit 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
For wood beams, it is often assumed that the neutral axis (NA) is located at the centroid of the beam. This would be the case for isotropic and homogeneous materials but these prerequisites are not valid for wood. The varying grain patterns and knots located throughout wood make wood anisotropic and non-homogeneous. Knowledge of the true location of the neutral axis would facilitate a better understanding of the mechanical behavior of wood beams. To analyze this question, a digital image correlation technique (speckle photography) was applied while wood beams with the dimensions 25×25 mm2 and 38×89 mm2 were loaded in bending. The NA was determined by axial strain plots. From the data obtained it is was observed that the neutral axis of 25×25 mm2 beams is located below the centroid while for 38×89 mm2 beams NA was above the centroid. As would be expected, knots change the location of the NA depending on their location in the beam.
Do statins reduce the risk of aneurysm development: a case-control study
Authors: Marbacher Serge , Schläppi Janine-Ai , Fung Christian , Hüsler Jürg , Beck Jürgen , Raabe Andreas 
Published: November 2011

Object
Recent studies in rats have demonstrated that statins may have an inhibitory effect on intracranial aneurysm (IA) development. The purpose of this study was to assess whether long-term statin use is associated with a reduced risk of IA formation in humans.

Methods
This was a single-center case-control study that included consecutive patients admitted to the authors' institution between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2008. A case was defined as a patient with a cerebral angiography–confirmed diagnosis of IA. Three controls were matched to each case based on age, sex, and index year of hospital admission. The primary exposure of interest was cumulative statin use. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between statin intake and incidence of IA.

Results
In total, 1200 patients were included in the study. No overall association was found between statin use and incidence of IA formation (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.69–1.69), nor when dichotomized into hydrophilic and lipophilic user, or between short (≤12-month) and long (≥36-month) duration of intake. Hypertension and smoking significantly increased the risk of IA development (OR 4.02, 95% CI 2.49–6.45, and OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.02–2.72, respectively).

Conclusions
In contrast to recent experimental reports of the association between statins and a reduction of IA formation, the authors' findings suggest that in humans statins may have no significant beneficial effect on IA suppression.
L'écriture en action et actions de l'écriture à l'école maternelle
Authors: David Jacques , Fraquet Sandrine 
Published: November 2011

Comment les élèves de grande section d’école maternelle (5-6 ans) découvrent le pouvoir de l’écriture, et l’utilisent dans et hors l’école. En quoi les conceptualisations précoces de l’écriture modifient leur rapport aux savoirs, à la langue, aux autres. À travers l’étude d’un large corpus dont ont été extraits plusieurs écrits représentatifs et autant d’auto-explications associées, l’article propose une description précise et argumentée des procédures psycholinguistiques déployées par ces jeunes élèves. Elle analyse également les fonctions de l’écriture ainsi approchées, montrant que les apprentis-scripteurs parviennent à combiner différentes actions sémiologiques. L’ensemble conclut à la nécessité de mettre en œuvre de tels apprentissages autographiques afin d’aider les élèves à exercer précocement un véritable pouvoir scriptural.
Écrire pour mieux lire
Authors: Portelette Annie 
Published: November 2011

Le contexte du travail présenté est celui de la lecture analytique de Perceval le Galois en cours de français d’une classe de cinquième de collège. Pour les élèves, il s’agit de rendre compte de leur compréhension du roman, pour le professeur d’articuler l’entrée dans le monde de l’écrit et l’appréhension par les élèves de la posture de lecture attendue en français : d’être le commentateur de sa lecture. Le dispositif pédagogique se fonde sur la réécriture utilisant la liste comme écrit intermédiaire. Cet écrit instrumental aide les élèves à penser et à reconfigurer leur premier écrit. L’article s’appuie sur l’analyse des indices de réflexivité dans les différents écrits produits par un élève. Il s’attache essentiellement aux traces des activités sémantiques, cognitives et linguistiques qu’a permis cette liste.
Former à (et par) l'écrit de recherche. Quels enjeux, quelles exigences ?
Authors: Rinck Fanny 
Published: November 2011

Le genre du mémoire est emblématique de la formation à et par la recherche qui caractérise l’enseignement supérieur. Il s’agit de penser via l’écriture, pour l’appropriation des contenus disciplinaires et pour favoriser la réflexion, dans la perspective notamment de la professionnalisation. L’objectif est de discuter la formation à et par la recherche sous l’angle de l’écriture, en termes de constats et de propositions. L’analyse porte d’abord sur les écrits d’initiation à la recherche en licence 3 ème année, pour montrer que des difficultés de « posture » se manifestent. Elle envisage ensuite les attentes à avoir dans les écrits de recherche et, plus largement, les modèles rédactionnels à travailler à l’université pour faire penser – et former – par l’écriture.
Statutory Law, Patriarchy and Inheritance: Home ownership among Widows in Uganda
Authors: Asiimwe Florence Akiiki 
Published: November 2011

This paper discusses the ways in which urban widows in Uganda are deprived of home ownership upon the death of their husbands. It is based on a qualitative research conducted in the middle-income areas of Kampala between 2004 and 2007. The results show that the institutional legal framework and the patriarchal customary practices and beliefs deprive widows of home ownership notwithstanding the gender sensitive Constitution. The study also shows that the special ways in which widows are able to inherit the matrimonial home upon the death of their husbands demonstrate the difficulty widows face to become home owners.
The Middle Arm Arteriovenous Fistula is an Additional Option to Expand Autogenous Hemodialysis Access
Authors: Capurro Federica , De Mauri Andreana , Navino Carlo , David Paola , Chiarinotti Doriana , De Leo Martino 
Published: November 2011

Purpose the native artero-venous fistula is the gold standard for hemodialysis access. Unfortunately, the wrist fistula is often not practical and the upper arm fistula is hindered by several complications. The aim of this study is to assess the safety of the middle-arm fistula as additional native access. Methods we reviewed and compared the patency rates at 12, 48, and 60 months of distal, middle, and upper arm fistula performed from January 2003 to December 2008. For diabetic and old patients we compared distal and middle-arm fistulas. Results of 273 native access, 149 (54.6%) were distal, 92 (33.7%) middle-arm, and 32 (11.7%) upper fistula. Patency rates were 81%, 58%, and 52% for distal, 85%, 69%, and 69% for middle-arm, and 82%, 46%, and 29% for upper arm fistula (P NS). Patency rates were 92%, 70%, and 54% in middle-arm fistula as first access and 80%, 71%, and 71% in middle-arm fistula as a rescue access (P NS). Among patients > 75 years patency rates were 78%, 62%, and 62% for distal and 87%, 67%, and 67% for middle-arm fistula. Among diabetic subjects patency rates were 81%, 58%, and 58% for middle-arm and 65%, 57%, and 57% for distal fistula at 12, 48, and 60 months (P NS) respectively. Conclusions A middle-arm fistula is as safe as a distal fistula among dialyzed patients, even diabetic and elderly. This could be considered a reliable option to expand native accesses.
Does skeletal anatomy reflect adaptation to locomotor patterns? cortical and trabecular architecture in human and nonhuman anthropoids
Authors: Shaw Colin N. , Ryan Timothy M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAlthough the correspondence between habitual activity and diaphyseal cortical bone morphology has been demonstrated for the fore‐ and hind‐limb long bones of primates, the relationship between trabecular bone architecture and locomotor behavior is less certain. If sub‐articular trabecular and diaphyseal cortical bone morphology reflects locomotor patterns, this correspondence would be a valuable tool with which to interpret morphological variation in the skeletal and fossil record. To assess this relationship, high‐resolution computed tomography images from both the humeral and femoral head and midshaft of 112 individuals from eight anthropoid genera (Alouatta, Homo, Macaca, Pan, Papio, Pongo, Trachypithecus, and Symphalangus) were analyzed. Within‐bone (sub‐articular trabeculae vs. mid‐diaphysis), between‐bone (forelimb vs. hind limb), and among‐taxa relative distributions (femoral:humeral) were compared. Three conclusions are evident: (1) Correlations exists between humeral head sub‐articular trabecular bone architecture and mid‐humerus diaphyseal bone properties; this was not the case in the femur. (2) In contrast to comparisons of inter‐limb diaphyseal bone robusticity, among all species femoral head trabecular bone architecture is significantly more substantial (i.e., higher values for mechanically relevant trabecular bone architectural features) than humeral head trabecular bone architecture. (3) Interspecific comparisons of femoral morphology relative to humeral morphology reveal an osteological “locomotor signal” indicative of differential use of the forelimb and hind limb within mid‐diaphysis cortical bone geometry, but not within sub‐articular trabecular bone architecture. Am J Phys Anthropol 147:187–200, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of biocultural data in interpreting sex differences in body proportions among rural amazonians
Authors: Vercellotti Giuseppe , Piperata Barbara A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractVariation in height and body proportions is relatively well‐understood at the inter‐population level, but less is known about intra‐population variation. This study explores intra‐population variation in body proportions among 172 (88 female; 84 male) adult rural Amazonians. We test the hypotheses that: (1) stunting is associated with changes in proportions and fatness; (2) the sexes express different proportions in response to similar environmental stress; and (3) female growth is negatively affected by the costs of reproduction. We examined height, sitting height, and total leg length in subsamples based on sex and nutritional status (stunted/nonstunted) in relation to biocultural factors including access to food and healthcare and female reproductive history parameters. Differences in proportions were examined using the Quick‐Test (Tsutakawa and Hewett: Biometrics 33 (1977) 215–219); correlation analyses were used to detect associations between anthropometric data and body fatness, and female reproductive history parameters. We found significantly higher rates of stunting among females (X2 = 5.31; P = 0.02; RR = 1.4). Stunted individuals exhibited relatively shorter legs than nonstunted individuals (P = 0.02), although this was not found in within‐sex analyses. A significant negative correlation was found between leg length index and fatness (P < 0.01). Lastly, females exhibited relatively shorter legs than males (P = 0.0003) and, among females, height and leg length were significantly positively correlated with age‐at‐first‐birth (P < 0.02) suggesting that adolescent pregnancy may negatively affect growth in this population. Our findings provide insights for the study of intra‐population variation in body proportions and highlight the importance of biocultural data in interpreting the pattern of variation observed in living and past populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of highly prevalent brain ischemia in intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Menon Ravi S. , Burgess Richard E. , Wing Jeffrey J. , Gibbons M. Christopher , Shara Nawar M. , Fernandez Stephen , Jayam‐Trouth Annapurni , German Laura , Sobotka Ian , Edwards Dorothy , Kidwell Chelsea S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjective:This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, characteristics, risk factors, and temporal profile of concurrent ischemic lesions in patients with acute primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).Methods:Patients were recruited within a prospective, longitudinal, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based study of primary ICH. Clinical, demographic, and MRI data were collected on all subjects at baseline and 1 month.Results:Of the 138 patients enrolled, mean age was 59 years, 54% were male, 73% were black, and 84% had a history of hypertension. At baseline, ischemic lesions on diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) were found in 35% of patients. At 1 month, lesions were present in 27%, and of these lesions, 83% were new and not present at baseline. ICH volume (p = 0.025), intraventricular hemorrhage (p = 0.019), presence of microbleeds (p = 0.024), and large, early reductions in mean arterial pressure (p = 0.003) were independent predictors of baseline DWI lesions. A multivariate logistical model predicting the presence of 1‐month DWI lesions included history of any prior stroke (p = 0.012), presence of 1 or more microbleeds (p = 0.04), black race (p = 0.641), and presence of a DWI lesion at baseline (p = 0.007).Interpretation:This study demonstrates that >⅓ of patients with primary ICH have active cerebral ischemia at baseline remote from the index hematoma, and ¼ of patients experience ongoing, acute ischemic events at 1 month. Multivariate analyses implicate blood pressure reductions in the setting of an active vasculopathy as a potential underlying mechanism. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of these lesions on outcome and optimal management strategies to arrest vascular damage. Ann Neurol 2012;71:199–205
Potassium channel complex autoimmunity induced by inhaled brain tissue aerosol
Authors: Meeusen Jeffrey W. , Klein Christopher J. , Pirko Istvan , Haselkorn Keegan E. , Kryzer Thomas J. , Pittock Sean J. , Lachance Daniel H. , Dyck P. James , Lennon Vanda A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjective:To test the hypothesis that autoimmunity induced by inhalation of aerosolized brain tissue caused outbreaks of sensory‐predominant polyradiculoneuropathy among swine abattoir employees in the Midwestern United States.Methods:Mice were exposed intranasally, 5 days per week, to liquefied brain tissue. Serum from exposed mice, patients, and unaffected abattoir employees were analyzed for clinically pertinent neural autoantibodies.Results:Patients, coworkers, and mice exposed to liquefied brain tissue had an autoantibody profile dominated by neural cation channel immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs). The most compelling link between patients and exposed mice was magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of grossly swollen spinal nerve roots. Autoantibody responses in patients and mice were dose‐dependent and declined after antigen exposure ceased. Autoantibodies detected most frequently, and at high levels, bound to detergent‐solubilized macromolecular complexes containing neuronal voltage‐gated potassium channels ligated with a high affinity Kv1 channel antagonist, 125I‐α‐dendrotoxin. Exposed mice exhibited a behavioral phenotype consistent with potassium channel dysfunction recognized in drosophila with mutant (“shaker”) channels: reduced sensitivity to isoflurane‐induced anesthesia. Pathological and electrophysiological findings in patients supported peripheral nerve hyperexcitability over destructive axonal loss. The pain‐predominant symptoms were consistent with sensory nerve hyperexcitability.Interpretation:Our observations establish that inhaled neural antigens readily induce neurological autoimmunity and identify voltage‐gated potassium channel complexes as a major immunogen. ANN NEUROL 2012;
Late motor decline after accomplished remyelination: Impact for progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Manrique‐Hoyos Natalia , Jürgens Tanja , Grønborg Mads , Kreutzfeldt Mario , Schedensack Mariann , Kuhlmann Tanja , Schrick Christina , Brück Wolfgang , Urlaub Henning , Simons Mikael , Merkler Doron 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjective:To investigate the impact of single or repeated episodes of reversible demyelination on long‐term locomotor performance and neuroaxonal integrity, and to analyze the myelin proteome after remyelination and during aging.Methods:Long‐term locomotor performance of previously cuprizone‐treated animals was monitored using the motor skill sequence (MOSS). Quantitative analysis of myelin proteome and histopathological analysis of neuronal/axonal integrity was performed after successful remyelination. Histopathological findings observed in experimental chronic remyelinated lesions were verified in chronic remyelinated lesions from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.Results:Following cessation of cuprizone treatment, animals showed an initial recovery of locomotor performance. However, long after remyelination was completed (approximately 6 months after the last demyelinating episode), locomotor performance again declined in remyelinated animals as compared to age‐matched controls. This functional decline was accompanied by brain atrophy and callosal axonal loss. Furthermore, the number of acutely damaged amyloid precursor protein–positive (APP+) axons was still significantly elevated in long‐term remyelinated animals as compared to age‐matched controls. Confocal analysis revealed that a substantial proportion of these APP+ spheroids were ensheathed by myelin, a finding that was confirmed in the chronic remyelinated lesions of MS patients. Moreover, quantitative analysis of myelin proteome revealed that remyelinated myelin displays alterations in composition that are in some aspects similar to the myelin of older animals.Interpretation:We propose that even after completed remyelination, axonal degeneration continues to progress at a low level, accumulating over time, and that once a threshold is passed axonal degeneration can become functionally apparent in the long‐term. The presented model thus mimics some of the aspects of axonal degeneration in chronic progressive MS. ANN NEUROL 2012;71:227–244
ESI‐MS/MS stability‐indicating bioanalytical method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of donepezil, 5‐desmethyl donepezil and 6‐desmethyl donepezil in human plasma
Authors: Khuroo Arshad H. , Gurule Sanjay J. , Monif Tausif , Goswami Dipanjan , Saha Arabinda , Singh Santosh K. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTA bioanalytical method was developed and validated to estimate donepezil, 6‐desmethyl donepezil and 5‐desmethyl donepezil simultaneously in human plasma using galantamine as an internal standard (IS). The chromatographic separation was achieved on a reverse‐phase XTerra RP (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column without affecting recovery (mean recovery > 60% with CV < 10%) for all analytes. ESI‐MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring in positive polarity was used to detect mass pairs for donepezil (m/z 380.3 → 91.3), 6‐desmethyl donepezil (m/z 366.4 → 91.3), 5‐desmethyl donepezil (m/z 366.4 → 91.3) and galantamine m/z (288.1 → 213.0). The linearity was established over a dynamic range of 0.339–51.870, 0.100–15.380 and 0.103–15.763 ng/mL for donepezil, 6‐desmethyl donepezil and 5‐desmethyl donepezil, respectively. The current method shows that minimal conversion of labile metabolites to parent donepezil in plasma as stability was successfully achieved for 211 days at −15 °C storage temperature. The method was successfully applied to a clinical study after administration of 10 mg donepezil tablets to healthy male Indian volunteers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel microplate‐based HPLC‐fluorescence assay for determination of NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase activity
Authors: Erban Tomas , Poltronieri Palmiro , Stara Jitka 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTA 96‐well microplate‐based HPLC endpoint assay is described for the determination of NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) activity. Novel sampling of NADPH into microplates was optimized. Separation was performed on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB‐C18 analytical 4.6 × 150 mm, 5 µm column. To validate the method, recombinant human NADPH‐P450 reductase and microsomes with cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 were used. The mobile phase consisted of 80% acetonitrile and 20% water at a flow‐rate of 0.8 mL/min. The CPR activity was quantified using NADPH fluorescence at λEx = 340 nm and λEm = 450 nm. Enzymatic activity was directly proportional to the decrease in NADPH fluorescence. This analytical process enables a highly sensitive endpoint determination for reductase activity in vitro and monitoring of the consumption of NADPH in enzymatic reactions. The method avoids the use of substrates and of organic solvents that may affect CPR and cytochrome P450 activity. In the reaction, molecular oxygen served as a proton source. The method can substitute spectrophotometric detection methods for its accuracy, high reproducibility (~100%) and sensitivity. The lower limit of detection, shown using the Agilent 1200 aparatus, is in the 250 nmol range. In addition, using this method it is possible to set up reactions in a high‐throughput format. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.