bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The full orbifold K-theory of abelian symplectic quotients
Authors: Goldin Rebecca , Harada Megumi , Holm Tara S. , Kimura Takashi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn their 2007 paper, Jarvis, Kaufmann, and Kimura defined the full orbifoldK-theory of an orbifold , analogous to the Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology of in that it uses the obstruction bundle as a quantum correction to the multiplicative structure. We give an explicit algorithm for the computation of this orbifold invariant in the case when arises as an abelian symplectic quotient. To this end, we introduce the inertial K-theory associated to a T -action on a stably complex manifold M, where T is a compact abelian Lie group. Our methods are integral K-theoretic analogues of those used in the orbifold cohomology case by Goldin, Holm, and Knutson in 2005. We rely on the K-theoretic Kirwan surjectivity methods developed by Harada and Landweber. As a worked class of examples, we compute the full orbifold K-theory of weighted projective spaces that occur as a symplectic quotient of a complex affine space by a circle. Our computations hold over the integers, and in the particular case of these weighted projective spaces, we show that the associated invariant is torsion-free.
Divine omnipotence and moral perfection
Authors: LOKE ANDREW 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDivine omnipotence entails that God can choose to do evil (even though He will not) by taking up a human nature. In showing others by way of example how temptations are to be overcome, His exposure to evil desires in such circumstances is consistent with moral perfection. The view that ‘God has the greatest power and is morally perfect simpliciter’, is religiously more adequate than ‘God has great power and is essentially morally perfect’. The essentiality of other divine attributes to God is discussed, and rebuttals to Anselmian arguments are offered.
Taking nature mysticism seriously: Marshall and the metaphysics of the self
Authors: PEROVICH ANTHONY N. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPaul Marshall takes extrovertive mystical experience seriously by providing a metaphysical framework inspired by Plotinus and Leibniz that aims to interpret it non-reductively and to explain it persuasively. However praiseworthy Marshall's intentions, his account fails for a variety of reasons, among them an inability to establish convincingly why natural objects appear as transfigured and alive, characteristics frequently encountered in the reports of nature mystics. An alternative approach, rooted in contemporary pan-experientialist philosophy of mind, is able to take extrovertive mysticism equally seriously while accounting more successfully for its pre-eminent features at a less extravagant metaphysical cost.
Symposium – Perspectives on Motivation for Second Language Learning on the 50th Anniversary of Gardner & Lambert (1959)
Authors: MacIntyre Peter 
Published: June 2010

Held at the Association canadienne de linguistique appliquée/Canadian Association of Applied Linguistics Conference, Ottawa, Canada; 28 May 2009.With the 50th anniversary of Robert C. Gardner and Wallace Lambert's seminal paper ‘Motivational variables in second language acquisition’ (Gardner & Lambert 1959), we paused to reflect on the contributions the work has inspired and the state of the art in the study of motivation research.
Mobilizing Religion for Democracy: Explaining Catholic Church Support for Democratization in South America
Authors: Mantilla Luis Felipe 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article explores the conditions under which religious organizations push for democratization by addressing variation in support for democracy among Catholic Church authorities in South America. It argues that this can be best explained by leveraging key concepts used in the study of social movements: cultural frames, mobilizing resources, and political opportunity structures. This approach yields counter-intuitive insights about the role played by the Second Vatican Council, the size of national churches, and the crucial role of political parties. The empirical argument is formulated in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions, and tested using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis.
Liberalism, Multiculturalism, and the Case for Public Religion
Authors: Sikka Sonia 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLiberalism, as a political paradigm, is committed to maintaining a stance of neutrality toward religion(s), along with other comprehensive systems of belief. Multiculturalism is premised on the view that the political policies of internally diverse nations should respect the beliefs and practices of the various cultural, ethnic, and religious groups of which those nations are composed. Sometimes synthesized, sometimes standing in tension, these two political frameworks share a common goal of minimizing conflict while respecting diversity. Although this goal is, in principle, laudable, I argue in this article that the operation of liberal and multiculturalist forms of public reasoning inadvertently diminishes critical reflection and revision in the area of religion, with potentially dangerous consequences both for the health of religion and for social stability. Measures to counter these dangers, I propose, include a relaxation of the restrictive rules that define liberal public reason, and education about religion in schools.
Is there a Weed Shift in Roundup Ready Maize?
Authors: Verschwele Arnd 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe cultivation of transgenic glyphosate-resistant crop varieties can simplify weed control in crops such as maize and others. On the other hand, the repeated use of broadly effective herbicides like glyphosate, especially in the same crop, can have a negative effect on biodiversity. Additionally there is a risk for a spread of more tolerant or even resistant weed species.It was the aim of a 6-years field study (2003-2008) to investigate weed effects of use of glyphosate in a continuous transgenic herbicide-resistant maize rotation at three sites in Germany. These sites differed significantly in terms of soil, climate and initial weed spectrum. The studies focussed on the comparison between local herbicide standards and split applications of Roundup Ready (360 g L^-1^ glyphosate) applied at dosages of 1,5 + 1,5; 2 + 2 and 3 + 3 L ha^-1^ Roundup Ready.Concerning the potential changes in weed communities over longer periods of time, the study did not indicate any negative effect on weed infestation, communities or diversity, of the glyphosate treatments compared to the local herbicide standard. Concerning species richness, there was no clear trend of the Roundup Ready treatments. Possible changes of the abundances of individual species were affected by the initial weed spectrum and consequently by the site conditions. As far as the conventional herbicides are efficiently used, they have no other effect than the glyphosate applications. Similar results were seen for the Shannon’s diversity index and Shannon’s evenness index.In sum, and looking at annual effects, it could be concluded from this 6 years study that 1) there are no statistically significant differences between local standard herbicide treatments and the glyphosate treatments assessed in this study on the mean values of seed bank, species richness, species diversity and dominance; 2) the data collected on the different parameters showed an enormous variability within sites and years; 3) a dosage of 3 + 3 L ha^-1^ Roundup Ready avoids spread of certain weed species like _Chenopodium album_ or Urtica urens; 3) as far as the standard herbicides were applied correctly in terms of a high and wide efficiency, they will have the same effect as the Roundup Ready treatments.
Hashin–Shtrikman bounds and their attainability for multi-phase composites
Authors: Liu L. P. 
Published: June 2010

In this paper, we consider the problem of characterizing the set of the effective tensors of multi-phase composites, including those of conductive materials and elastic materials. We first present a novel derivation of the Hashin–Shtrikman (HS) bounds for multi-phase composites and the associated attainment condition. The attainment condition asserts that the HS bound is attainable if, and only if, there exists a second gradient field that is constant in all but the matrix phases. By restricting and constructing such second gradient fields, we obtain a series of sufficient conditions such that the HS bounds are attainable or unattainable. These attainability and unattainability results appear new for a generic situation. For special situations, our attainability and unattainability results recover the results of Milton (1981Phys. Rev. Lett.46, 542–545), Sigmund (2000J. Mech. Phys. Solids48, 397–428), Gibiansky & Sigmund (2000J. Mech. Phys. Solids48, 461–498) and Albinet al.(2007aJ. Mech. Phys. Solids55, 1513–1553).
Clinical impact of dose reductions and interruptions of second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Santos Fabio P. S. , Kantarjian Hagop , Fava Carmen , O’Brien Susan , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Ravandi Farhad , Wierda William , Thomas Deborah , Shan Jianquin , Cortes Jorge 
Published: June 2010

SummarySecond (2nd)‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) (dasatinib, nilotinib) are effective in patients with all phases of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Dose reductions and treatment interruptions are frequently required due to toxicity, but their significance is unknown. We analysed the impact of dose reductions/interruptions and dose intensity of 2nd‐generation TKI on response and survival. A total of 280 patients with CML (all phases) were analysed. Dose reductions were considered when the daily dose was below the standard dose. Dose intensity was determined based on the percentage of the ideal dose intensity. Overall, 176 patients (63%) required treatment interruptions and/or dose reduction at least once during therapy. Dose reductions/interruptions, analysed as a time‐dependent covariate, were associated with worse failure‐free survival only in patients with untreated CML. Dose intensity analysis did not reveal a worse response or survival in patients who received a lower dose intensity (<100%) during therapy or during the first 6 months. In conclusion, dose reductions and treatment interruptions of 2nd generation TKI in patients with CML have a minimal impact in the response rate and survival of these patients. Further studies are required to determine whether there might be a minimum adequate dose of these agents.
Pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease children under 10 years of age
Authors: Colombatti Raffaella , Maschietto Nicola , Varotto Elena , Grison Alessandra , Grazzina Nicoletta , Meneghello Linda , Teso Simone , Carli Modesto , Milanesi Ornella , Sainati Laura 
Published: June 2010

SummaryDespite the finding of elevated Tricuspid Regurgitant Velocity (TRV) in children below 5 years of age, the prevalence and evolution of Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) in young children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are unclear. In order to identify predictive factors of precocious PH development, SCD children ≥3 years old, at steady state, underwent annual echocardiography and Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI). Patients receiving chronic transfusion were excluded. Thirty‐seven of seventy‐five patients were ≥3 years, with measurable TRV. In our young population (mean age 6·2 years) of mainly African, HbS/HbS patients, 8/37 (21·6%) had TRV ≥2·5 m/s, 8% being only 3 years old. Significant correlation was found between precocious TRV elevation and high platelet and reticulocyte counts and frequent acute chest syndromes (ACS). In multivariate analysis, ACS was the only variable predicting TRV ≥2·5 m/s. TDI of the 37 patients showed signs of diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. At follow‐up all eight patients with high TRV displayed further increase and seven more developed TRV ≥2·5 m/s. PH seems to begin in children earlier than expected. Factors involved in its early onset might be different from the ones causing its development in older children or adults. African children might benefit from early screening and re‐assessment once a year.
Verification that common variation at 2q37.1, 6p25.3, 11q24.1, 15q23, and 19q13.32 influences chronic lymphocytic leukaemia risk
Authors: Crowther‐Swanepoel Dalemari , Mansouri Mahmoud , Enjuanes Anna , Vega Ana , Smedby Karin E. , Ruiz‐Ponte Clara , Jurlander Jesper , Juliusson Gunnar , Montserrat Emilio , Catovsky Daniel , Campo Elias , Carracedo Angel , Rosenquist Richard , Houlston Richard S. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryA recent genome wide association study of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) provided evidence that common variation at 2q13 (rs17483466), 2q37.1 (rs13397985), 6p25.3 (rs872071), 11q24.1 (rs735665), 15q23 (rs7176508) and 19q13.32 (rs11083846) affects CLL risk. To verify and further explore the relationship between these variants and CLL risk we genotyped case‐control datasets from Spain and Sweden (824 cases, 850 controls). Combined data provided statistically significant support for an association between genotypes at rs13397985, rs872071, rs735665, rs7176508 and rs11083846 and CLL risk. CLL risk increased with increasing numbers of risk alleles (Ptrend = 1·40 × 10−15), consistent with a polygenic model of disease susceptibility. These data validate the relationship between common variation and risk of CLL.
Immediate and dual response to nasal challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in local allergic rhinitis
Authors: López S. , Rondón C. , Torres M. J. , Campo P. , Canto G. , Fernandez R. , Garcia R. , Martínez‐Cañavate A. , Blanca M. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryBackground
Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is characterized by in situ production of specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies and a positive response to a nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT) in the absence of atopy.Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the immunological mechanisms involved in the immediate and late responses after nasal exposure to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) in patients with LAR.Methods
A total of 40 subjects with LAR to DP were studied and compared with 50 healthy controls. Immediate and late responses to NAPT‐DP were assessed using a visual analogue scale of nasal symptoms and acoustic rhinometry. Tryptase, ECP, total and sIgE‐DP were measured in the nasal lavage by immunoassay at baseline, 15 min, 1, 6 and 24 h after nasal challenge.Results
NAPT‐DP was positive in all patients, with significant increases in tryptase (45%), ECP (65%) and sIgE‐DP (25%) (P<0.05). Sixty percent of the LAR patients presented an immediate response to NAPT‐DP and 40% a dual response. Immediate responders showed a fast release of tryptase with a peak at 15 min after NAPT‐DP, and a progressive increase in nasal ECP and sIgE‐DP from 1 to 24 h after challenge, with a peak at 24 h. Dual responders presented persistently higher levels of tryptase from 15 min to 6 h after challenge, and a similar pattern of nasal release of ECP and sIgE‐DP to immediate responders. There were no isolated late responders. NAPT‐DP was negative in all healthy controls, with no increases in tryptase, ECP, or total and sIgE‐DP in nasal secretions.Conclusions
The results demonstrated the existence of immediate and dual responses to a NAPT with DP in LAR patients, with the local presence of sIgE and mast cell/eosinophil activation. Cite this as: S. López, C. Rondón, M. J. Torres, P. Campo, G. Canto, R. Fernandez, R. Garcia, A. Martínez‐Cañavate and M. Blanca, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1007–1014.
Allergen‐specific T cell responses to immunotherapy monitored by CD154 and intracellular cytokine expression
Authors: Campbell J. D. , Buchmann P. , Kesting S. , Cunningham C. R. , Coffman R. L. , Hessel E. M. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryBackground
A sensitive measurement of low numbers of intracellular cytokine‐expressing antigen‐specific T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is possible using CD154 as a marker of recently activated T cells. This technique may have potential for monitoring peripheral blood T cell responses to immunotherapy.Objective
To evaluate the applicability of this method for measuring changes in cytokine production by allergen‐specific T cells in a clinical trial setting.Methods
Ex vivo ragweed‐specific CD154 and intracellular cytokine expression were evaluated using a subset of subjects in an environmental chamber study of allergic rhinitis immunotherapy. PBMC were collected and cryopreserved from Amb a 1‐immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotide conjugate (AIC)‐treated (n=17) and placebo‐treated (n=15) ragweed‐allergic subjects both after pre‐ and post‐treatment ragweed exposures. In vitro allergen‐stimulated CD3+CD4+CD154+ T cell intracellular IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, and IFN‐γ expression were evaluated by flow cytometry.Results
Compared with the T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine expression measured after pre‐treatment ragweed exposures, placebo‐treated subjects demonstrated a significantly elevated ragweed‐ and Amb a 1‐specific T cell IL‐4 and IL‐13 co‐expression (P=0.005 and P=0.022, respectively) and a significantly elevated ragweed‐specific IL‐5 expression (P<0.001) following post‐treatment ragweed exposures. In contrast, AIC‐treated subjects demonstrated no increases in allergen‐specific Th2 cytokine expression following post‐treatment ragweed exposures. IFN‐γ expression remained low and un‐changed in both groups. Subject reported total nasal symptom scores demonstrated modest but significant correlations with Amb a 1‐ and ragweed‐stimulated intracellular Th2 cytokine responses.Conclusion
Combined CD154 and intracellular cytokine staining in PBMC can be used to sensitively monitor changes in antigen‐specific T cell subset frequencies in clinical studies. Antigen‐specific cytokine expression moderately correlated with the reported levels of allergic symptoms.Trial Registration NCT00537355 Cite this as: J. D. Campbell, P. Buchmann, S. Kesting, C. R. Cunningham, R. L. Coffman and E. M. Hessel, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1025–1035.
Induction of insulin‐like growth factor‐I by interleukin‐17F in bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Kawaguchi M. , Fujita J. , Kokubu F. , Ohara G. , Huang S.‐K. , Matsukura S. , Ishii Y. , Adachi M. , Satoh H. , Hizawa N. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryCite this as: M. Kawaguchi, J. Fujita, F. Kokubu, G. Ohara, S‐K Huang, S. Matsukura, Y. Ishii, M. Adachi, H. Satoh and N. Hizawa, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1036–1043.Background
Increased expression of IL‐17F has been noted in the airway of asthmatic patients, but its role in asthma has not been fully elucidated. Insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) is known to be involved in airway remodelling and inflammation, while its regulatory mechanisms remain to be defined.Objective
To further clarify the biological function of IL‐17F, we investigated whether IL‐17F is able to regulate the expression of IGF‐I in bronchial epithelial cells.Methods
Bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with IL‐17F in the presence or absence of T‐helper type 2 cytokines. Various kinase inhibitors were added to the culture to identify the key signalling events leading to the expression of IGF‐I, in conjunction with the use of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting mitogen‐ and stress‐activated protein kinase (MSK) 1, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK), and cyclic AMP response element‐binding protein (CREB).Results
IL‐17F significantly induced IGF‐I gene and protein expression, and co‐stimulation with IL‐4 and IL‐13 augmented its production. MAP kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors and the Raf1 kinase inhibitor significantly inhibited IGF‐I production, and the combination of PD98059 and Raf1 kinase inhibitor showed further inhibition. Overexpression of Raf1 and Ras dominant‐negative mutants inhibited its expression. MSK1 inhibitors significantly blocked IL17F‐induced IGF‐I expression. Moreover, transfection of the siRNAs targeting MSK1, p90RSK, and CREB blocked its expression.Conclusions
In bronchial epithelial cells, IL‐17F is able to induce the expression of IGF‐I via the Raf1–MEK1/2–ERK1/2–MSK1/p90RSK–CREB pathway in vitro.
Authentication of food allergen quality by physicochemical and immunological methods
Authors: Sancho A. I. , Hoffmann‐Sommergruber K. , Alessandri S. , Conti A. , Giuffrida M. G. , Shewry P. , Jensen B. M. , Skov P. , Vieths S. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryPurified allergens are required to detect cross‐contamination with other allergenic foods and to understand allergen interaction with other components of the food matrix. Pure allergens are also used for the diagnosis and treatment of food allergies. For example, serological methods are being developed to improve the quality of diagnosis, and to reduce the need for food challenge tests. In addition, recombinant allergens are being evaluated as candidate vaccines for safe and efficacious specific immunotherapy. Pure allergens are indispensable as reference materials for the calibration and standardization of methods between different laboratories and operators for risk assessment in the food industry. Therefore, there is a need for well‐defined purified food allergens. In this context, a panel of 46 food allergens from plant and animal sources has been purified, from either the food sources or as recombinant forms, within the EU‐funded EuroPrevall project. These allergens have been characterized by a battery of diagnostic tests demonstrating that they constitute an authentic, well‐defined library of comparable quality. The review summarizes the applications, potentials and limitations of key techniques used for the characterization and authentication of these allergen preparations, with a special emphasis on protein purity and identity, folding, post‐translational modifications and immunochemical properties. One key area identified is the development of powerful analytical techniques, such as mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, to improve the authentication of allergens for routine applications in allergy management. Cite this as: A. I. Sancho, K. Hoffmann‐Sommergruber, S. Alessandri, A. Conti, M. G. Giuffrida, P. Shewry, B. M. Jensen, P. Skov and S. Vieths, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 973–986.
‘Entopy’: local allergy paradigm
Authors: Powe D. G. , Bonnin A. J. , Jones N. S. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryCite this as: D. G. Powe, A. J. Bonnin and N. S. Jones, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 987–997.Allergy is defined as an immediate hypersensitivity type I immunological disease, which can be IgE or non‐IgE driven, and in the latter case may be antibody or cell mediated. Atopy is a term used to describe individuals with a genetic predisposition for developing IgE‐mediated allergic disease. But more recently, it has become evident that IgE‐mediated disease can occur in non‐atopic subjects. While it is now generally accepted that mucosal local IgE has a role in the expression of atopic allergic disease, the concept of ‘local allergy’ in non‐atopic subjects has been proposed, with the term ‘entopy’ given to this condition. Although there is increasing evidence supporting this paradigm, entopy is only applicable to a proportion of non‐atopic patients, suggesting that other disease mechanisms exist to explain non‐atopic disease. This review considers the evidence for local mucosal allergy in atopic and non‐atopic individuals with an emphasis on diseases affecting the upper airways and eye. Furthermore, the diagnosis, treatment and relationship between local allergy and conventional (systemic) allergy are discussed, and alternative disease mechanisms predominantly involving antibodies or their sub‐components (free light chain Igs) are postulated to explain the ‘entopy’ paradigm. This review is intended to provide an improved understanding of the mechanisms and causes of local mucosal hypersensitivity.