bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of a northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) population at the southern limit of its range in Europe
Authors: Kerbiriou Christian , Le Viol Isabelle , Bonnet Xavier , Robert Alexandre 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn the context of global changes, defining the source–sink dynamics of populations of emblematic species, such as seabirds, within the limits of their distribution range is often crucial to optimize the priorities of surveys and conservation management, especially in protected areas. However, ringing is often not possible and only simple survey methods, such as the ‘apparently occupied sites’ method, can be utilized by managers of protected areas and threatened species. Using data collected between 1997 and 2005, we investigated the population dynamics of the northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) at the southern limit of its range on the western French coast, which hosts increasing populations. Using a robust design spatial occupancy model, we estimated the proportion of occupied nests, the rates of nest colonization, nest extinction and the population growth rates of four colonies of the largest population (Ouessant Island). The estimated annual growth rate was high (average 1.049). A deterministic population dynamics model indicated that the observed rapid increase of Ouessant populations cannot be explained by their intrinsic dynamics, which suggested an important role for immigration. Different demographic scenarios provide several lines of evidence that the large northern fulmar population in this Man and Biosphere Reserve is a sink population. The strong increase in a population located at the limits of the species distributional range implies that it functions as a population sink. Inexpensive effective survey methods could allow investigation of the demographic status of seabird populations and provide relevant information for the hierarchization of conservation priorities.
Molecular phylogenetics of the elephant schistosome Bivitellobilharzia loxodontae (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) from the Central African Republic
Authors: Brant S.V. , Pomajbíková K. , Modry D. , Petrželková K.J. , Todd A. , Loker E.S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractOne of the most poorly known of all schistosomes infecting mammals is Bivitellobilharzia loxodontae. Nearly all of our available information about this species comes from the original description of worms that were obtained from an animal park-maintained elephant in Germany, probably a forest elephant Loxodonta cyclotis, originating from the present-day Democratic Republic of Congo. We obtained schistosome eggs from faecal samples from wild forest elephants from the Central African Republic. The eggs, which were similar in size and shape to those of described B. loxodontae, were sequenced for the 28S nuclear ribosomal gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (cox1) gene. In a phylogenetic analysis of 28S sequences, our specimens grouped closely with B. nairi, the schistosome from the Indian elephant Elephas maximus, to the exclusion of schistosomes from other genera. However, the eggs were genetically distinct (12% distance cox1) from those of B. nairi. We conclude the specimens we recovered were of B. loxodontae and confirm this is a distinct Bivitellobilharzia species. In addition to providing the first sequence data for B. loxodontae, this report also supports Bivitellobilharzia as a monophyletic group and gives the relative phylogenetic position of the genus within the Schistosomatidae. We also provide a review of the biology of this poorly known schistosome genus.
‘Got a room for me?’ Housing Experiences of Older Adults Living with HIV/AIDS in Ottawa
Authors: Furlotte Charles , Schwartz Karen , Koornstra Jay J. , Naster Richard 
Published: February 2012

RÉSUMÉLe VIH/SIDA et le vieillissement constitue un thème émergent important et pertinent pour la gérontologie. Les expériences des personnes âgées vivant avec le VIH relatives au logement sont encore très peu connues. Le présent article explore cette problématique en examinant les données issues d’entrevues portant sur les expériences relatives au logement de 11 adultes âgés (de 52 à 67 ans) vivant avec le VIH/SIDA à Ottawa (Ontario). Les histoires des participants ont révélé des préoccupations relatives aux trois thèmes principaux: l’acceptation dans les maisons de retraite ou dans les centres d’hébergements de soin de longue durée, le manque d’accès aux logements subventionnés et l’itinérance. Les participants rapportaient ressentir un manque de reconnaissance et de la confusion concernant leurs perspectives d’habitation. Ces résultats suggèrent qu’un changement se produit peutêtre dans les besoins de logement de personnes qui vieillissent avec le VIH. Cette population émergente apporte des défis aux idées dominantes sur le vieillissement. Nous concluons qu’une attention accrue est nécessaire au niveau de la recherche, des politiques et de la pratique pour aborder le problème du logement chez ce groupe d’âge de personnes vivant avec le VIH.
An executive's handbook for understanding and risk managing unit linked guarantees
Authors: Maher J. , Corrigan J. , Bentley A. , Diffey W. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe focus of this paper is the identification, and more importantly, sustainable management, of risks embedded in guarantees attaching to unit linked savings and retirement contracts (as commonly referred to as GMxBs). In developing customer centric guarantees that are not readily transferrable to the capital markets, insurance undertakings require the skills and resources to hedge the guarantees within their own balance sheet (or with a temporary use of packaged solutions such as reinsurance). In taking on the guarantee manufacture task insurers are departing from areas of historic competence and need to develop a comprehensive understanding of all elements of market risk replication. These include both first order market exposures as well as the material second order risks associated with market micro structure. The paper seeks to integrate this comprehensive analysis within a practitioner focused framework and concludes with a senior executive summary of “Seven key considerations in successful guarantee manufacture”.
Diagnostik und psychometrische Verlaufsrückmeldungen im Rahmen eines Modellprojektes zur Qualitätssicherung in der ambulanten Psychotherapie
Authors: Lutz Wolfgang , Böhnke Jan R. , Köck Katharina , Bittermann André 
Published: February 2012

Zusammenfassung. Als erstes dieser Art in Deutschland zielt das Modellprojekt „Qualitätsmonitoring in der ambulanten Psychotherapie” darauf ab, ein modifiziertes Qualitätssicherungs- und Rückmeldeverfahren in der Regelversorgung der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen hinsichtlich seiner Einsetzbarkeit zu untersuchen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Aspekte der Eingangsdiagnostik, des Rückmeldesystems, der Patientenzufriedenheit, der Therapiedauer und der Evaluation des Projektes durch die Patienten vorgestellt. In der Interventionsgruppe (IG) wurden Checklisten zur Diagnosestellung genutzt und im Gegensatz zur Kontrollgruppe (KG) ebenfalls kontinuierliche Rückmeldungen zum Therapiefortschritt im Verlauf gegeben. Daten zu Therapiebeginn lagen von 1708 Patienten (IG:1031; KG:677) und 245 Therapeuten vor. Die ambulante Psychotherapie stellte sich als effektives Verfahren bei klar psychisch belasteten Personen heraus. In der IG (Einsatz Diagnosechecklisten) wurden im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe (KG) insgesamt mehr Diagnosen pro Patient durch die Therapeuten vergeben. Der überwiegende Teil der Therapeuten nutzte die Rückmeldungen für die Therapie und besprach die Ergebnisse mit den Patienten. Konsistent mit der Literatur zu Rückmeldungen in die Psychotherapiepraxis ließen sich frühzeitig im Therapieverlauf durch das Feedbacksystem prädiktive Verlaufsmuster identifizieren. Ferner war die Patientenzufriedenheit in der IG höher (Effektstärke: d = 0.27). Die Behandlungsdauer der IG lag im Rahmen der sich in den unterschiedlichen Kontrollgruppen der Versorgungspraxis ergebenden Behandlungsdauer. Die Zufriedenheit mit dem Modellprojekt ist bei den Patienten am höchsten. Die Patienten erlebten den Einsatz der Rückmeldungen bei vertretbarem Zeitaufwand als wichtig und hilfreich und mit der eigenen Einschätzung übereinstimmend. Die Befunde unterstreichen die Bedeutung von Qualitätssicherungs- und Rückmeldesystemen in der ambulanten Psychotherapie.
Observations of a mode‐2 nonlinear internal wave on the northern Heng‐Chun Ridge south of Taiwan
Authors: Ramp S. R. , Yang Y. J. , Reeder D. B. , Bahr F. L. 
Published: February 2012

A research cruise was carried out over the Heng‐Chun Ridge during June 27–July 1, 2010, near 21° 34′N, 120° 54′E, about 35 km south of Taiwan. The goal of the cruise was to determine if the location is an active generation site for internal tides and high‐frequency nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS). The method was to sample a series of across‐ridge sections using an underway conductivity‐temperature‐depth (UCTD) profiler and to conduct a time series at a fixed point atop the ridge using a CTD with lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP) instrumentation. A hull‐mounted ADCP and acoustic backscatter device were also operated throughout the cruise. The site was a very high energy region, with the northward Kuroshio Current exceeding 100 cm s−1 and the primarily zonal barotropic tidal currents exceeding 140 cm s−1. The most remarkable feature observed was a convex‐type mode‐2 NLIW with a westward‐propagating core centered near 100 m depth. The wave was clearly visible in the velocity and backscatter data and had surface expressions visible both on radar and with the naked eye. The horizontal and vertical velocity structure was a good match for theoretical mode‐2 waves in the SCS. The wave generation was consistent with local lee wave dynamics, which favored mode‐2 generation over mode‐1 at peak ebb tide given the currents, stratification, and bottom slope at the site. The wave could not be tracked farther west, and apparently did not escape the opposing Kuroshio.
Investigations of some aspects of the spray process in a single wire arc plasma spray system using high speed camera
Authors: Tiwari N. , Sahasrabudhe S. N. , Tak A. K. , Barve D. N. , Das A. K. 
Published: February 2012

A high speed camera has been used to record and analyze the evolution as well as particle behavior in a single wire arc plasma spray torch. Commercially available systems (spray watch, DPV 2000, etc.) focus onto a small area in the spray jet. They are not designed for tracking a single particle from the torch to the substrate. Using high speed camera, individual particles were tracked and their velocities were measured at various distances from the spray torch. Particle velocity information at different distances from the nozzle of the torch is very important to decide correct substrate position for the good quality of coating. The analysis of the images has revealed the details of the process of arc attachment to wire, melting of the wire, and detachment of the molten mass from the tip. Images of the wire and the arc have been recorded for different wire feed rates, gas flow rates, and torch powers, to determine compatible wire feed rates. High speed imaging of particle trajectories has been used for particle velocity determination using time of flight method. It was observed that the ripple in the power supply of the torch leads to large variation of instantaneous power fed to the torch. This affects the velocity of the spray particles generated at different times within one cycle of the ripple. It is shown that the velocity of a spray particle depends on the instantaneous torch power at the time of its generation. This correlation was established by experimental evidence in this paper. Once the particles leave the plasma jet, their forward speeds were found to be more or less invariant beyond 40 mm up to 500 mm from the nozzle exit.
Greek and English linguistic identities in the EU
Authors: Sidiropoulou Maria 
Published: February 2012

Translated and original texts have been claimed to differ with respect to their linguistic make-up. Parallel versions of texts seem to reflect aspects of the identities represented by the respective languages. The study exploits this potential, in the EU context, with a view to raising awareness of linguistic and cultural differences between English and Greek. A descriptive approach to parallel English and Greek EU material reveals aspects of linguistic preference across languages, with reference to the five dimensions of cultural values in Hofstede and Hofstede’s model of cultural relativism (2005). Translation practice can provide evidence of the linguistic manifestation of socially preferred patterns of behavior which determine linguistic action. Aspects of linguistic preference traced in the EU English-Greek translation context are shown against a background of linguistic preference manifested in other genres.
Raising awareness of identities across languages is expected to ultimately provide recommendations for quality improvement in the EU translation practice, or how to achieve near-native command in language acquisition, while foregrounding the significance of the experienced socio-cultural realities in the study of meaning making.
Micromagnetic modelling of the anisotropy properties of permalloy antidot arrays with hexagonal symmetry
Authors: Manzin A , Bottauscio O 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The hysteresis and anisotropy properties of permalloy antidot arrays with hexagonal symmetry are investigated in detail, focusing on the influence of the hole size, lattice packing fraction and scale factor. The analysis is performed via a micromagnetic numerical approach, where the hysteresis loops are computed by integrating the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. We show that the ratio of the hole diameter to the centre-to-centre nearest-neighbour hole distance influences not only the remanent state and the coercive field but also the easy and hard-axis directions. Then, we put in evidence the dominant role of the local magnetostatic field in determining the anisotropy properties of the considered patterned nanostructures, analysing the magnetic domain configuration and the behaviour of the magnetostatic energy versus the applied field.
Dependence of polymer main-chain structure on roughness formation of ArF photoresists in the plasma etching processes
Authors: Uesugi Takuji , Okada Takeru , Wada Akira , Kato Keisuke , Yasuda Atsushi , Maeda Shinichi , Samukawa Seiji 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In 193 nm lithography processes that use ArF photoresists, roughness formation caused by plasma etching is a serious problem. We previously found that a decisive factor affecting roughness formation in an ArF photoresist is chemical reactions caused by irradiated species from plasma. In this paper, we investigated the structural dependence of a polymer main chain to find the degradation mechanism of ArF photoresists in plasma etching processes. The glass transition temperature of photoresist polymer depends on the structure of the main chain, and a low glass transition temperature causes increases in the flow property at the molecular level, which leads to a reduction in roughness formation in plasma etching. Therefore, the glass transition temperature is a key factor in designing a novel ArF photoresist polymer.
Compatibility study of thin passivation layers with hydrazine for silicon-based MEMS microthruster
Authors: Kundu Pijus , Ghosh Avijit , Das Soumen , Bhattacharyya T K 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In this work, the compatibility studies of silicon and its different multilayer structures with hydrazine for possible applications to MEMS have been reported. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction patterns of the r.f. sputtered Si/SiO2/Si3N4 stack layer show preferably oriented crystalline structure after hydrazine treatment at different temperatures. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic measurement reveals that local bonding of the constituent atoms of the surface layers, where Si–O bond is replaced partially by Si–N bond while treated. Further, the surface morphology carried out by atomic force microscopy exhibits the tendency of reducing surface roughness with the increase in temperature during hydrazine treatment. From the axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA), it is observed that static contact angle changes slightly for different wettability nature of solid surface due to aggregation of crystallites in the valley of the surface fluctuation and anisotropic modification in preferred orientation of the film surface. On the basis of equation of state theory with approximation of solid surface–liquid, interfacial energy was applied to determine the solid surface free energy providing the limited variation in different stack layers. Lastly, the J–V characteristic of the stack layer treated by hydrazine at different temperatures shows multiple current conduction regions with the same current density for varying electric field. Therefore, among various single or multilayer silicon-based thin film combinations, the Si/SiO2/Si3N4 stack layer is the most promising passivation layer for hydrazine-based MEMS applications.
Nanoscale mechanical and tribological properties of fluorocarbon films grafted onto plasma-treated low-density polyethylene surfaces
Authors: Cheng Q , Komvopoulos K 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Fluorocarbon (FC) films were grafted onto Ar plasma-treated low-density polyethylene (LDPE) surfaces by plasma polymerization and deposition. The evolution of the surface morphology of the grafted FC films was investigated at different scales with an atomic force microscope. Nanoscale sliding experiments performed with a surface force microscope provided insight into the nanotribological properties of Ar plasma-treated LDPE, with and without grafted FC films, in terms of applied normal load and number of sliding cycles. The observed trends are explained in the context of microstructure models accounting for morphological and structure changes at the LDPE surface due to the effects of plasma treatment (e.g., selective etching of amorphous phase, chain crosslinking and FC film grafting) and surface sliding (e.g., crystalline lamellae alignment along the sliding direction). Nanoindentation experiments elucidated the effect of plasma treatment on surface viscoelasticity and global contact stiffness. The results of this study demonstrate that plasma-assisted grafting of FC films is an effective surface modification method for tuning the nanomechanical/tribological properties of polymers.
DOMIRE: a web server for identifying structural domains and their neighbors in proteins
Authors: Samson Franck , Shrager Richard , Tai Chin-Hsien , Sam Vichetra , Lee Byungkook , Munson Peter J. , Gibrat Jean-François , Garnier Jean 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Summary: The DOMIRE web server implements a novel, automatic, protein structural domain assignment procedure based on 3D substructures of the query protein which are also found within structures of a non-redundant protein database. These common 3D substructures are transformed into a co-occurrence matrix that offers a global view of the protein domain organization. Three different algorithms are employed to define structural domain boundaries from this co-occurrence matrix. For each query, a list of structural neighbors and their alignments are provided. DOMIRE, by displaying the protein structural domain organization, can be a useful tool for defining protein common cores and for unravelling the evolutionary relationship between different proteins.
Availability: http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/domire
Contact: jean.garnier@jouy.inra.fr
Clinical correlates of co‐occurring cannabis and tobacco use: a systematic review
Authors: Peters Erica N. , Budney Alan J. , Carroll Kathleen M. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAims  A growing literature has documented the substantial prevalence of and putative mechanisms underlying co‐occurring (i.e. concurrent or simultaneous) cannabis and tobacco use. Greater understanding of the clinical correlates of co‐occurring cannabis and tobacco use may suggest how intervention strategies may be refined to improve cessation outcomes and decrease the public health burden associated with cannabis and tobacco use.Methods  A systematic review of the literature on clinical diagnoses, psychosocial problems and outcomes associated with co‐occurring cannabis and tobacco use. Twenty‐eight studies compared clinical correlates in co‐occurring cannabis and tobacco users versus cannabis‐ or tobacco‐only users. These included studies of treatment‐seekers in clinical trials and non‐treatment‐seekers in cross‐sectional or longitudinal epidemiological or non‐population‐based surveys.Results  Sixteen studies examined clinical diagnoses, four studies examined psychosocial problems and 11 studies examined cessation outcomes in co‐occurring cannabis and tobacco users (several studies examined multiple clinical correlates). Relative to cannabis use only, co‐occurring cannabis and tobacco use was associated with a greater likelihood of cannabis use disorders, more psychosocial problems and poorer cannabis cessation outcomes. Relative to tobacco use only, co‐occurring use did not appear to be associated consistently with a greater likelihood of tobacco use disorders, more psychosocial problems or poorer tobacco cessation outcomes.Conclusions  Cannabis users who also smoke tobacco are more dependent on cannabis, have more psychosocial problems and have poorer cessation outcomes than those who use cannabis but not tobacco. The converse does not appear to be the case.
Accelerating regrowth of temperate‐maritime forests due to environmental change
Authors: Hember Robbie A. , Kurz Werner A. , Metsaranta Juha M. , Black T. Andy , Guy Robert D. , Coops Nicholas C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTo understand how environmental changes have influenced forest productivity, stemwood biomass (B) dynamics were analyzed at 1267 permanent inventory plots, covering a combined 209 ha area of unmanaged temperate‐maritime forest in southwest British Columbia, Canada. Net stemwood production (ΔB) was derived from periodic remeasurements of B collected over a 40‐year measurement period (1959–1998) in stands ranging from 20 to 150 years old. Comparison between the integrated age response of net stemwood production, ΔB(A), and the age response of stemwood biomass, B(A), suggested a 58 ± 11% increase in ΔB between the first 40 years of the chronosequence period (1859–1898) and the measurement period. To estimate extrinsic forcing on ΔB, several different candidate models were developed to remove variation explained by intrinsic factors. All models exhibited temporal bias, with positive trends in (observed minus predicted) residual ΔB ranging between of 0.40 and 0.64% yr−1. Applying the same methods to stemwood growth (G) indicated residual increases ranging from 0.43 and 0.67% yr−1. Higher trend estimates corresponded with models that included site index (SI) as a predictor, which may reflect exaggeration of the age‐decline in SI tables. Choosing a model that excluded SI, suggested that ΔB increased by 0.40 ± 0.18% yr−1, while G increased by 0.43 ± 0.12% yr−1 over the measurement period. Residual G was significantly correlated with atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature (T), and climate moisture index (CMI). However, models driven with climate and CO2, alone, could not simultaneously explain long‐term and measurement‐period trends without additional representation of indirect effects, perhaps reflecting compound interest on direct physiological responses to environmental change. Evidence of accelerating forest regrowth highlights the value of permanent inventories to detect and understand systematic changes in forest productivity caused by environmental change.