bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pedicle screw insertion in the thoracolumbar spine: comparison of 4 guidance techniques in the intact cadaveric spine
Authors: Alhabib Husam , Nataraj Andrew , Khashab Mohammed , Mahood James , Kortbeek Frank , Fox Richard 
Published: February 2011

Object
Pedicle screw fixation is a mainstay of thoracolumbar stabilization. Screw insertion using anatomical landmarks and fluoroscopy is common but can be technically challenging and generally involves substantial exposure to ionizing radiation. Computerized navigation has been reported to improve accuracy but is expensive and complex. The authors undertook this study to evaluate these 3 methods in comparison with a fourth technique using standard cervical distractor screws to mark the entry point and trajectory.

Methods
Four cadaveric human spines were used for this study. After an initial CT scan, 34 pedicle screws were inserted in each intact spine from T-1 to L-5 using the following 4 screw insertion guidance techniques (1 technique per specimen): use of anatomical landmarks, use of cervical distractor screws and spot fluoroscopy, fluoroscopy-based navigation, and fluoroscopy- and CT-based navigation (using merged imaging data). Postprocedural CT and anatomical dissection were then performed to evaluate screw position for site and degree of breach.

Results
The cervical distractor screw method had a breach rate of 5.9% versus 29.4%, 32.4%, and 20.6% for use of anatomical landmarks, fluoroscopic navigation, and fluoroscopic-CT navigation, respectively (p < 0.05). There is also a significant association between degree of medial and distal breach and the method of screw insertion (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Cervical distractor screws as pedicle markers offer favorable insertion accuracy and reduction of radiation exposure compared with the other 3 methods used in clinical practice.
Rebleeding risk after treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Fleming J. Brett , Hoh Brian L. , Simon Scott D. , Welch Babu G. , Mericle Robert A. , Fargen Kyle M. , Pride G. Lee , Purdy Phillip D. , Shannon Chevis N. , Harrigan Mark R. 
Published: February 2011

Object
Postprocedural rebleeding is a significant source of morbidity following endovascular treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Previous large-scale reports include the Cerebral Aneurysm Rerupture After Treatment trial, the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial, and the study on Early Rebleeding after Coiling of Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms, which reported nonprocedural rebleeding rates within 30 days of treatment of 2.7%, 1.9%, and 1.4%, respectively. However, coiling of intracranial aneurysms is in a state of continual change due to advancing device design and evolving techniques. These studies included only patients initially treated prior to 2004. In the present study the authors assess the most recent short-term results with endovascular treatment of ruptured aneurysms.

Methods
A multicenter retrospective chart review was conducted of patients undergoing endovascular treatment for ruptured intracranial aneurysms between July 2004 and October 2009. The technique used, including the use of stent or balloon assistance, was evaluated. Demographic and clinical factors, such as sex, age, initial clinical presentation, aneurysm size, aneurysm location, and modified Raymond Classification following initial treatment, were also evaluated and compared between the groups in which rebleeding did and did not occur.

Results
A total of 469 patients underwent endovascular treatment for a ruptured aneurysm; nonprocedural rehemorrhage occurred within 30 days of the initial coiling in 4 cases (0.9%). Two patients (50%) died after rehemorrhage. Stent-assisted coiling was used during the original treatment in 1 (25%) of the 4 patients with a rerupture. However, no technical, clinical, or demographic factors were found to be statistically significant in association with rebleeding.

Conclusions
Recent data suggest that the periprocedural rebleeding rate may be improving over time.
The Antidiabetic and Antilipidemic Activity of Aqueous Extract of <i>Urtica dioica</i> L. on Type2 Diabetic Model Rats
Authors: Das M , Sarma BP , Khan AKA , Mosihuzzaman M , Nahar N , Ali L , Bhoumik A , Rokeya B 
Published: February 2011

Context: To evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of Urtica dioica L. in type 2 diabetic model rats.Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the effect of water extract of U. dioica on glycemic status, body weight and lipidemic status in type2 diabetic model ratsMaterials and Methods: The mature and fresh leaves of U. dioica was collected from the mountain range of Assam in India and the leaves extract was used at a dose of 1.25 g-kg body weight. Type2 diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ to 48 hours old pups of Long Evans. Experiments for semi-chronic effects were done with continuous feeding of aqueous extract for 14 days at a dose of 1.25 g-kg body weight type 2 diabetic male rats. Serum glucose was estimated by GOD-POD method, serum triglyceride and cholesterol by enzymatic-colorimetric methods. Results: Water extract showed significant effect on lowering fasting serum glucose levels in type 2 diabetic model rats on 14th day (14.05 ± 3.4 mmol/l in control vs 8.3 ± 1.4 mmol/l in treated group, p = 0.04). There was significant increase in the body weight of treated group in comparison to the control group (175 ± 8 g in control vs in 168 ± 9 g in treated group on 0 day, p = ns; 193 ± 26 g in control vs in 185 ± 25 g in treated group on 14th day, p=0.002]. Beneficial effect was observed in lipid although the change was not statistically significant.Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggests that U. dioica has hypoglycemic and hypo-lipidemic activity in type 2 diabetic model rats. This may be due to the histological and functional improvement of b-cells with the consequence of improved insulinemic status.Key words: hypoglycemic; hypolipidemic; Urtica dioica; diabetes mellitusDOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7092J. bio-sci. 17: 1-6, 2009
Deposition Flux of Perfluorinated Compounds in Wet Deposition Samples in Yokohama, Japan
Authors: Salam MA , Hossain MS , Haq MA , Parvez MAK 
Published: February 2011

Context: Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have emerged as priority environmental contaminants and detected in the environmental and biological matrices concerns due to their persistence and toxicity.Objectives: To determine the atmospheric deposition of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) through wet deposition in Japan and measure their environmental levels and deposition flux of wet deposition for assessing the environmental distribution of PFCs. Materials and Methods: Environmental levels and estimation of deposition flux of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs) were carried out through wet deposition in urban atmosphere of Yokohama, Japan. Solid phase extraction method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-negative ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify target PFCs in collected samples. Results: The highest concentration (95.33 ng/L) among target compounds was in snow sample of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Concentration ranges of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were 0.01-1.86ng/L, 0.01-1.39 ng/L, 0.01-9.02 ng/L, 0.07-3.66 ng/L, 0.03-0.65 ng/L, and 0-0.47 ng/L, respectively. It was found that 0.6-60 fold differences existed for snow and rain water samples of which PFOA possess highest sixty folds. Statistically significant correlations between various PFCs in wet deposition samples suggested common sources of PFCs in the study area. Wet deposition flux showed monthly variation with increased amount of load during July to September. Total amount of PFCAs in wet fluxes showed composition patterns of PFOA>PFNA>PFHxA>PFHpA>PFDA.Conclusion: Wet deposition may be a potential transport mechanism of perfluorinated chemicals in the environment.Key words: Perfluorinated Chemicals; Environmental Level; Deposition flux; YokohamaDOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7093J. bio-sci. 17: 7-12, 2009
Sugar Productivity Assessment of Newly Developed Promising Genotypes of Sugarcane
Authors: Tiawari DK , Pandey P , Singh RK , Singh SP , Singh SB 
Published: February 2011

Context: The prime concern of cane growers and the sugar industry is to achieve higher sugarcane productivity and high sugar recovery both of which support maximum economic return. This requires newly developed sugarcane genotypes.Objectives: To study the performance of newly developed sugarcane genotypes for plant crop and ratooning ability in U.P. Condition. Materials and Methods: The performance of newly developed sixteen promising sugarcane genotypes along with three standards check viz.; CoJ64, CoS95255 and CoS767 were evaluated during 2005-07 at Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Results: The experimental results revealed that significantly higher commercial cane sugar (CCS) yield was observed by the genotype UP49 (13.19 t ha-1), CoS06262 (13.67 t ha-1), CoS05263 (13.70 t ha-1), CoS06247 (12.67 t ha-1), CoS05259 (13.12 t ha-1) over three standards CoS767 (9.41 t ha-1), CoJ64 (9.54 t ha-1) and CoS95255 (12.56 t ha-1). The genotype UP49 (10.50 t ha-1) recorded highest CCS% followed by CoS06247 and CoS05263 having 10.49 t ha-1 and 10.29 t ha-1 respectively in ratoon crop. Amongst all the genotypes UP49, CoS06262, CoS05263, CoS06248, CoS06253, CoS05259 and CoS06263 were proved significantly superior over all the three standards checks in respect of cane yield. Conclusion: The UP49 was found the best performer and superior to widely adopted variety CoS767 in respect of cane yield, commercial cane sugar percent, sugar yield and pol percent in cane; under plant and ratoon crops. Key words: Sugarcane; ratoon; CCS%; sugar yield and productivity.DOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7099J. bio-sci. 17: 41-44, 2009
Performance of Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin and Nimbicidine on Larval Development of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (Herbst)
Authors: Khatun R , Islam W , Mondal KAMSH 
Published: February 2011

Context: Pyrethroid insecticides and natural products individually or in mixture can protect stored products by retarded growth and delayed larval period.Objectives: To investigate the effects of cypermethrin, deltamethrin and azadirachtin either alone or in combinations on the larval development of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).Materials and Methods: T. castaneum larvae were reared in flour medium treated with cypermethrin, deltamethrin and nimbicidine alone and in combinations. Ten newly hatched larvae were placed in a petri dish (4cm diam) containing 1g of either fresh or treated flour and kept in an incubator (30 ± 0.5°C). The larvae were regularly observed for pupation and the larval period was noted. The weights of the fourth and sixth instar larvae were taken on an electric balance. Twenty larvae from each age were weighed for different treatments.Results: The larval period was 36.25 days in the treatment of combined cypermethrin, deltamethrin and nimbicidine. Both cypermethrin (20.55 days) and deltamethrin (20.38 days) failed to prolong the larval period significantly (P>0.05) in comparison with that control (19.68 days). In nimbicidine the average larval period was 30.38 days. Larval weight was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by nimbicidine alone and in combination with cypermethrin and deltamethrin in comparison with that of control. In control the average weight of 9 days old larvae was 188.60 mg. The lowest larval weight was 75.50 mg when nimbicidine was combined with cypermethrin and deltamethrin. In nimbicidine alone it was 84.25 mg. The average weight of 16 days old larvae in control was 2142.75 ± 62.67 mg with the lowest being 1955.05 mg in the treatment of combined cypermethrin, deltamethrin and nimbicidine.Conclusion: Azadirachtin either alone or in combination with pyrethroid insecticides viz., cypermethrin and delatmethrin may reduce T. castaneum larval development and thus shows excellent protection of stored products. Key words: Cypermethrin; Deltamethrin; Nimbicidine; Larvae; Growth; Development; Tribolium DOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7100J. bio-sci. 17: 45-50, 2009
Genetic Variability, Diversity and Association of Quantitative Traits with Grain Yield in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)
Authors: Pandey Praveen , Anurag P John , Tiwari DK , Yadav SK , Kumar Binod 
Published: February 2011

Context: Genetic diversity is pre-requisite for any crop improvement programme as it helps in the development of superior recombinants. Objectives: Recognizing the importance of genetic diversity in plant breeding experiments, the present research work was taken up to estimate genetic diversity in different accessions of rice for various agro-economically important characters. Materials and Methods: Experiments were carried out with 40 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes which were evaluated for yield and yield contributing traits in Kharif-2007-08. The data were recorded on 10 randomly selected plants from each replication for 12 quantitative characters studied. However days to 50% flowering was recorded on per plot basis. Mean values were subjected to analysis of variance to test the significance for each character. The genetic divergence was estimated and the grouping of the genotypes into cluster was done.Results: Sufficient amount of variability was found in the entire gene pool for all traits studied. The higher magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation was recorded for plant height, grain yield per hill, harvest index and biological yield per hill. High heritability along with high genetic advance as percent of mean was registered for harvest index, grain yield, plant height, biological yield, test weight, number of tillers per hill and number of spikelets per panicle suggesting preponderance of additive gene action in the expression of these characters. On the basis of Mahalanobis D2 statistics the genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. Plant height, biological yield and test weight contributed considerably, accounting for 86.16 % of total divergence. The genotypes superior in some clusters may be involve in a multiple crossing programme to recover transgressive segregants with high genetic yield potential and early maturity. Conclusion: The promising genotypes selected from diverse clusters should be involved in the hybridization programme in order to transfer some of the desirable yield contributing characters consisted by them. Key words: Rice (Oryza sativa); genetic variability; diversity; clustering pattern DOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7110J. bio-sci. 17: 77-82, 2009
Effect of Carbon Sources on Cell Growth and Regeneration Ability in Three Cultivars of Banana
Authors: Hossain MJ , Bari MA , Ara NA , Islam SM Shahinul 
Published: February 2011

Context: Carbon plays a vital role in plant cell growth and regeneration in artificial media but the source of carbon deserves scientific investigation to analysis their comparative performance. Objectives: To analyze the comparative performance of different carbon sources (glucose, sucrose and sorbitol) in cell growth and regeneration efficiency of banana (Musa spp) cultivars. Materials and Methods: Male flowers of banana cultivars cv. Sabri, Gine and Ranginsagar were used in this experiment. Male flowers were cut into small pieces and they were transferred in petri dishes containing Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D + 1mg/l NAA + 1mg/l IAA + 1mg/l Biotin + 1mg/l glutamine and 3% (w/v) different sugars: sucrose, glucose, and sorbitol singly or in combinations autoclaved in 121ºC temperature for 20 min. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.8. Results: Glucose showed the highest performance in callus induction and cell growth and 3% glucose proved as the optimal dose in media formulation for callus induction and cell growth. Sucrose and sorbitol behaves differently in embryo formation and they produced the highest and lowest number of embryos respectively in regeneration medium. In respect of overall performance the highest percentages of shoot and root formation was obtained in the media containing 3% sucrose. Conclusion: Glucose proved to be the best carbon source in callus induction and cell growth media. Key words: Banana; Musa; callus; single cell; regenerationDOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7111J. bio-sci. 17: 83-88, 2009
Enzyme Activities and Mobilization of Nutrients in Brassica (<i>Brassica</i> Spp.) and Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Seeds during Germination
Authors: Sana NK , Sarkar BC , Azad MAK , Huque ME , Shaha RK 
Published: February 2011

Context: Determination of the activities of hydrolytic enzymes from germinating wheat seeds and investigation of degraded nutrients from brassica and wheat seeds at different periods of germination are important factors for identification of richest sources of hydrolytic enzymes and nutrients.Objectives: To study the activities of hydrolytic enzymes and degradation of seed storage substances of brassica (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds during germination.Materials and Methods: Three varieties of brassica (Brassica napus L., B. juncea L. and B. campestris L.) and three varieties of wheat (Akbar, Kanchan and Agrani) seeds were analyzed. Amylase, invertase, protease and lipase activities were assayed. Degradation of seed storage nutrients during germination were determined by conventional biochemical methods.Results: The activities of amylase, invertase, protease and lipase varied from 8.02 – 48.69, 2.45 – 15.32, 20.96 – 45.45 and 2.72 – 12.76 units/ ml respectively. Degradation of nutrients in the three species of brassica and wheat seeds was also studied at different periods of germination. The amount of free sugar in brassica and wheat seeds ranged from 0.93 – 4.27% and 3.82 – 4.88%; reducing sugar content from 0.012 - 0.093% and 0.032 - 0.078%; starch from 1.42 – 4.70% and 10.26 – 69.65%; total protein from 3.1 – 25.37% and 2.3 – 18.37%; water-soluble protein from 1.5 – 14.24% and 1.0 – 6.50%; and oil content from 2.49 – 43.6% and 1.04 – 1.92% respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that the extracts from brassica and wheat seeds can be good sources of nutrients and hydrolytic enzymes which are applicable in food industry to improve food quality.Key words: Brassica; Wheat; Carbohydrate; Protein; Lipid; Hydrolytic Enzyme.DOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7114J. bio-sci. 17: 101-106, 2009
Varietal Preference of <i>Lipaphis erysimi</i> (Kaltenbach) on Three Species of <i>Brassica</i>
Authors: Sarker Pankoj Kumar , Rahman Md Matiur , Das Bidhan Chandra 
Published: February 2011

Context: Lipaphis erysimi have different type of preference to settle on different varieties of mustard. Pest preferential movement is important for ecofriendly pest control.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the L. erysimi resistance varieties of mustard to get more yields by lower cost and avoid most aphid infesting varieties for higher costMaterials and Methods: Two criteria were used to determine the varietal preference of L. erysimi, viz. (i) dispersal of aphids by cutting the base of host plants and enforce to settle on different varieties of three species of Brassica under free choice conditions, and (ii) suitability of those varieties based on the aphid infestation in the field crop condition at same season. Results: The preferential movement of L. erysimi on ten varieties of Brassica showed significant differences (P<0.01). The variety, Bari sharisa-6 showed highest (90.00 ± 7.21) aphid settlement followed by the variety, Rai-5 (89.00 ± 5.69). The variety, Bari sharisa-10 showed lowest (10.00 ± 0.58) aphid settlement followed by the variety, Bari sharisa-11 (19.00 ± 3.61). Naturally infested aphid population on first sowing date was recorded highest (2.1 ± 0.79) on the variety Bari Sarisha-8, followed by Bari Sarisha-6 (1.93 ± 0.88). The lowest (0.19 ± 0.09) number of aphids recorded on Bari Sarisha-12. In second sowing date, Bari Sarisha-7 showed highest (19.5 ± 6.51) aphid population, followed by Bari Sarisha-8 (15.42 ± 5.72). The lowest (1.2 ± 0.38) aphid population found on the variety, Bari Sarisha-11. In third sowing date, highest (14.69 ± 5.69) number of aphids was recorded on the variety, Bari Sarisha-6, followed by the variety, Sonali-75 (14.48±4.74). Lowest number (6.06 ± 2.30) of aphids was found on the variety, Bari Sarisha-12. In the fourth sowing date, highest (15.54 ± 5.72) aphid population recorded on the variety, Bari Sarisha-8, followed by Bari Sarisha-7 (14.39 ± 5.70); and the lowest (4.41 ± 1.75) number of aphids recorded on the variety, Bari Sarisha-9. Key words: Lipaphis erysimi; varietal preference; Brassica; Sarisha; Rai.DOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7123J. bio-sci. 17: 145-148, 2009
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ELBOW JOINT LOADING IN PUSH-UP AND BENCH-PRESS
Authors: Chou Pei-Hsi , Lou Shu-Zon , Chen Shen-Kai , Chen Hsin-Chieh , Hsu Hsiu-Hao , Chou You-Li 
Published: February 2011

Upper extremity pain and dysfunction are common orthopedic problems in individuals who practice physical activities involving the upper limbs. Push-ups (PUs) and bench-presses (BPs), representing closed kinetic chain (CKC) and open kinetic chain (OKC) exercises, respectively, are among the most popular training exercises for the upper extremity in sports training and clinical rehabilitation applications. Utilizing a self-developed exercise testing model, the present study examines the difference in elbow joint loading between OKC and CKC exercises of the upper extremity. As many as 15 physically healthy male subjects with an average age of 19.8 years (S.D. 1.4), an average height of 176.8 cm (S.D. 4.2), and an average weight of 69.27 kg (S.D. 5.0) were studied. Each subject was asked to perform two different types of exercise, namely PUs and BPs. The kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation of the elbow joint were calculated and analyzed using laboratory-developed motion analysis procedures. The PU exercises result in a greater loading on the elbow joint than the BP exercises, but produce a lower muscle activation. OKC exercises yield a greater muscle strengthening effect than CKC exercises. The increased shear stress on the elbow joint should be carefully noted when performing PU exercises. The results presented in this study provide valuable information for treatment and rehabilitation purposes in clinical applications.
Lithiated Thiaacetals as Initiators for Living Anionic Polymerization of Diene Elastomers: Polymerization and Compounding
Authors: Hogan Terrence E. , Yan Yuan-Yong , Hergenrother William L. , Lawson David F. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Polybutadiene and poly(butadiene-co-styrene) elastomers were prepared in high conversions using 2-lithio-2- methyl-1,3-dithiane as the initiator. Polymers were readily prepared with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.05 to 1.26 and a Mn of up to 208 kg/mol. The replacement of the 2-methyl substituent with phenyl, trimethylsilyl or 4-dimethylamino phenyl also gave active initiators that incorporated at the head of the chain. However, initiation rates appeared to vary somewhat with the structure of the initiators. The polymerizations obtained are in all cases controlled and apparently living with the live chain ends capable of further reactions. The initiators could be generated prior to addition to the polymerization mixture or by an in-situ procedure. Model studies gave evidence that the dithiane chain end can be opened under cure conditions and react with unsaturation present in the polymer chain. Several of the product polymers were found to impart improved hysteresis to carbon and silica-filled rubbery vulcanizates possibly through an endlinking mechanism.