bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FC04-03 - Serotonin, trauma and violence in attempted suicide
Authors: Moberg T. , Nordström P. , Kristiansson M. , Jokinen J. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSerotonin is implicated in impaired impulse control, aggression and suicidal behaviour. Low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) have been found in violent suicide attempters, suicide victims and in violent offenders. CSF 5-HIAA concentrations have both genetic and environmental determinants. Childhood trauma may have an effect on central monoamine function as an adult.AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship of CSF 5-HIAA and the exposure to and the expression of violence in childhood and during adult life measured with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS).Methods42 medication free suicide attempters underwent lumbar puncture and were assessed with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) to assess history of childhood exposure to violence and lifetime expressed violent behaviour.ResultsIn women CSF 5-HIAA showed a significant negative correlation to exposure to violence during childhood. Furthermore, suicide attempters with low CSF 5-HIAA were more prone to commit violent acts as an adult if exposed to violence as a child compared to suicide attempters with high CSF 5-HIAA. In the non-traumatized group, CSF 5-HIAA showed a significant negative correlation to expressed violent behaviour in childhood.ConclusionsAlthough central serotonergic function has important genetic determinants, exposure to childhood trauma may also affect serotonergic function. Low serotonergic function may facilitate aggression dyscontrol in traumatized suicide attempters.
FC04-06 - Candidate gene association study of suicidality in treatment resistant MDD
Authors: Schosser A. , Calati R. , Serretti A. , Massat I. , Linotte S. , Mendlewicz J. , Souery D. , Montgomery S. , Kasper S. 
Published: May 2011

Suicidal behaviour runs in families and the existence of genetic vulnerability to suicidality is well-established. Mental disorders, especially depression, are present in more of 90% of suicides. The incidence of treatment emergent suicidal ideation in major depression (MDD) varies from 4% to 20%, depending on the definition of suicidal ideation and sample characteristics.In the present study, we further elucidated the impact of depression candidate genes in treatment emergent suicidal ideation in MDD. One hundred-seventy MDD patients were collected in the context of a resistant depression study and treated with antidepressants at adequate doses for at least 4 weeks. MDD subjects were genotyped for SNPs within the COMT gene, BDNF, DTNBP1, 5HT1A, 5HT2A, GNB3, GRIK4, PTGS1, PTGS2, CREB, and cytochrome P450 CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 gene. Response, remission and treatment resistance, as well as suicidality information derived from Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) were recorded.A quantitative and measure of suicidal behaviour was defined using the Hamilton rating scale (score 0 to 4) and the MINI-item (yes/no) on suicidality in a large cohort of depression cases. In addition, we tested for association with ‘serious suicidal attempts’ corresponding to a HAMD score of 4 (discrete trait analyses). Results of this candidate gene approach in treatment emergent suicidal ideation in MDD will be presented and discussed.
FC05-01 - Overlap between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism
Authors: Fitzgerald M. 
Published: May 2011

Objectives/aimsIn this presentation Michael Fitzgerald will investigate the evidence for the clinical, genetic, and other evidence for the overlap between Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.MethodsHe will examine the questions of a similar underlying pathophysiological process and alternately a number of pathologies leading to the same clinical presentation. He will examine clinical and epidemiological overlap, overlap mechanisms, deficits in social interaction in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and genome wide gains in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism, candidate gene studies as well as neurochemical and treatment issues.ConclusionsThe issue of overlap between ADHD and Autism is being increasingly recognised.
FC05-02 - An applied behavior analysis training package in the treatment of autism. The use of principles of pivotal response treatment in a child psychiatric clinic
Authors: Huskens B. , Verburg M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIn a child psychiatric clinic for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) a long waiting list and outplacement difficulties were a substantial problem in the past years. This problem has been tackled by going back to the main focus of our treatment, ensuring that children are able to go back home to their parents after clinical treatment.By redefining the main goal of clinical treatment in return to the family this problem has been overcome. In the search of tools to empower child and parents we adjusted the principles of Pivotal Response Treatment to our clinical setting.ObjectiveTo empower child and parents in order to make a return to the family possible.AimThe aim was to improve the learning environment in the clinical treatment groups and at home in order to increase child initiatives.MethodsAn Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) training package was developed for the staff in order to increase learning situations in the clinic. Elements within the package are a two-day training workshop in ABA techniques, live feedback and video feedback during three months after training. For parents an ABA parent group training was developed in order to increase learning situations at home. In the training parents were introduced with ABA techniques and received video feedback. Parents participated in eight group sessions and two individual sessions.Results and conclusionsAt the time of writing this study is still in progress. At the Congress the first preliminary results will be discussed and the first conclusions will be drawn.
FC05-03 - Bringing “simple steps” -a multimedia package for autism specific behaviour therapy- to Europe
Authors: Röttgers H.R. , Brugger B. , Keenan M. , Gallagher S. , Dillenburger K. , Stromgren B. , Perez Gonzales L.A. , Martin N. 
Published: May 2011

Individualised behavioural interventions are known to promote development, enhance skills and communication and reduce rigid and stereotypical patterns in children with autism spectrum disorder especially if they start in early pre-school age and are offered in high intensity. In many countries, however, these interventions are not available to families with autistic children. This may be due to lack of funding, lack of qualified staff and/or insufficient traditions of evidence-based procedures in institutions working with autistic children.Facing this situation, the European Union Leonardo Transfer of Innovation Programm funded the adaptation and localisation of a highly successful Northern Irish multimedia tool for England and Scotland, Norway, Spain and Germany.The multimedia package consists of a brochure with basic information on ASD, diagnostics and intervention. In addition, a DVD offers expert interviews, parents' testimonials and an introduction to autism specific behavioural therapy, well established as Autism Applied Behaviour Analysis in the anglo-american countries. An accompanying CD-ROM contains additional background information and practical tools for therapy implementation.It can be used by parents, kindergarten and school special needs staff and therapeutic institutions for education and for therapy planning and evaluation. In Germany, Spain, Norway and the UK it is offered free of charge under EU funding.
FC05-05 - Fronto-temporal disconnectivity and symptom severity in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Poustka L. , Jennen-Steinmetz C. , Henze R. , Stieltjes B. ,   Work Group Autsims Spectrum Disorders, CIMH, Mannheim, Germany
Published: May 2011

BackgroundThere is increasing evidence that many of the core behavioral impairments in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) emerge from disconnectivity of networks that are important for social communication. It is less clear, which specific fiber tracts are involved and how possible alterations of white matter are associated with clinical symptomatology and neuropsychololgical characteristics in ASD.Methods18 children with ASD and 18 carefully matched typically developing controls aged 6–12 years were examined using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were correlated with symptom severity as indexed by the children's scores on the Autisms Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and results from the Childrens Embedded Figures Test (CEFT).ResultsDecreased FA values were identified for the fornix (FO), the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) the corpus callosum and the uncinate fasciculus (UF) in the ASD group compared to controls, with most prominent differences in the UF bilaterally and the right SLF. FA values of affected fiber tracts were negatively associated with clinical measures of autistic smypotmatology and response time of the CEFT. Additionally, we observed decreased grey matter concentration in the left supramarginal gyrus.ConclusionOur findings support the hypothesis of abnormal white matter microstructure of fronto-temporal cortical networks in ASD, which are associated with core symptoms of the disorder.
FC05-06 - Comparison of two-year outcomes for children with autism receiving high versus low-intensity behavioral intervention
Authors: Granpeesheh D. , Kenzer A. , Tarbox J. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionBehavioral intervention is an evidence-based treatment for children with autism but there still exists some disagreement regarding how intensive the treatment needs to be. Little previous research has directly compared the effects of high to low-intensity behavioral intervention.ObjectivesTo compare the effects of high versus low-intensity behavioral intervention.AimsCompare outcomes in the area of diagnostic classification, intellectual functioning, executive functions, challenging behavior, language, socialization, and independent living skills after two years of treatment.Methods60 children with autism, under five years old, comprised two groups who received behavioral intervention services. The high-intensity group received 25–35 hours per week for two years and the low-intensity group received 8–15 hours per week of treatment. For all participants, a comprehensive battery of assessments was conducted prior to treatment and at annual intervals.ResultsThe high-intensity group outperformed the low-intensity group on all measures after two years of treatment.ConclusionsThis study provides further evidence that high intensity behavioral intervention produces greater gains than low-intensity treatment and the results suggest that children with autism under the age of five years should receive access to high-intensity treatment
FC06-01 - Comparison feels stress levels in parents of mentally retarded children and normal
Authors: Hasannattaj Gelodari F. , Ahmadi Gatab T. , Abasnejad Roshan B. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe existence of mentally retarded children in the family caused despair, frustration and isolation of individual and family are and their push for diversity issues on individual family members and parents as a marital unit and the total family system as a family show.ObjectiveThis study compared the amount of stress parents feel mentally retarded children with parents is normal.MethodThe study after the event (Ali - a comparison) is.The sample of 120 parents of retarded children and 120 parents of normal children using a sampling Chndmrhlh chosen. To check the source of feeling stress questionnaire stress (QRS) was used and analysis of data by independent t tests May Pearson.ResultsResults showed that parental stress in two groups of mentally retarded children and parents have significantly different normal and feeling stress parents of mentally retarded children than parents were normal. Between mothers and fathers of mentally retarded children in terms of Nshdv significant difference in stress levels stress parents of mentally retarded children were the same.the child's gender had no impact on parent stress levels, but between the retarded child's age and parental stress there was a significant relationship, whatever the case retarded child's age increased parental stress will increase. Similarly, parental education and children backward stress there was no significant difference whatever the parents are more educated than parents with lower education have less stress.DiscussionThe results show parents of mentally retarded children than normal children, parents significantly more stress they endure.
FC06-03 - Course of auditory vocal hallucinations in childhood: A 5-year follow-up study
Authors: Bartels-Velthuis A.A. , Van de Willige G. , Jenner J.A. , Van Os J. , Wiersma D. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundIn a baseline study among 7–8 year old children with auditory vocal hallucinations (AVH), only limited functional impact of AVH was observed.AimsTo assess AVH 5-year course and its predictors, as well as AVH 5-year incidence and its risk factors.MethodA sample of 337 12- and 13-year-old children were reassessed on AVH after a mean follow-up period of 5.1 years. Parents completed the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). School performance was assessed.ResultsThe AVH 5-year persistence and incidence rates were 24% and 9% respectively, more new cases arising in urban areas. Both persistent and incident AVH were associated with problem behaviour in the (CBCL) clinical range, particularly at follow-up, as well as with other psychosis-like symptoms, particularly at baseline. AVH persistence was predicted by baseline AVH severity, notably in terms of external attribution of voices and hearing multiple voices, and was associated with worse primary school test scores and lower level secondary school.ConclusionsFirst-onset AVH in middle childhood is neither rare nor neutral in terms of psychopathological and behavioural comorbidity. Persistence of AVH in early childhood similarly is not rare and associated with psychopathological, behavioural and cognitive alterations.
FC06-04 - “Help-s for children” - results of a multicentre study about the situation of families with a mentally ill parent
Authors: Boenisch-Alert S. , Holtz K. , Müller A.-G. , Schützwohl M. , Hegerl U. , Kocalevent R.-D. 
Published: May 2011

Introduction26.5% of psychiatric patients in Germany have minor children. More than half of these children have specific needs, which are seldom met.Objectives/aimsTo examine problems, needs and used interventions for families with a mentally ill parent in the federal state of Saxony, Germany. The study focused on outpatients and included mothers and fathers and all psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe asked all psychiatrists in the federal state of Saxony to take part in our study. All patients with minor children who came to one of the 58 participating psychiatrist's practices at an appointed date were asked to fill out a detailed questionnaire including sociodemographic data, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), specific needs, used interventions and reasons for not using interventions. The questionnaire was developed using data from 26 expert interviews.Results128 psychiatric outpatients took part in our study (78% female). The most common diagnoses were depression and anxiety disorders. More than 40% of the patients rated their children in the SDQ in an abnormal or borderline range. 22% of the children have been treated because of emotional or behavioural problems. Reasons not to use interventions were missing knowledge and fear of stigmatisation.ConclusionsHELP-S for children is the first study which examines the situation of children with a mentally ill parent in an outpatient setting. Therefore, our results are an improvement in research in the field of families with a mentally ill parent and heading towards the improvement of care.
FC06-06 - The unwilling child adult's misinterpretations and the child's voice
Authors: Brand Flu R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionUnwillingness is a fairly common misinterpretation of a child who does not know what is expected from him, does not know any better or who is incapable to perform. Behaviour to communicate distress can get overlooked and a communicative element can get over-rated. Recursive reciprocal dysfunctional interactions can ensue when the behaviour remains misinterpreted.AimTo illustrate a few groups of misinterpretations from conversations with children.ObjectivesAny child with behaviour difficulties is assessed on his view of behaviour (ongoing assessment).MethodFor the assessment drawings, diagrams, projective, open and hypothetical questions.Role play is also used to help the child identify with the situation.Results83 children, including children with a learning disability and autism, age range6-16 years displayed opposition, challenging behaviour and self-harm. 52 had autism, one additional one was examined by Mum. 28 children had a diagnosis of ADHD All 7 children with oppositional behaviour had autism. Only 4 self-harmers were examined. 8 children with autism articulated problems respecting rules. All other children except for one young person with deliberate self-harm (+autism) explained their behaviour as a offloading and communicative. 6 described their behaviour solely as stress relief’. Adolescents without autism articulated their need to anger their parents for letting them down’. 16 articulated specific learning problems.ConclusionBehaviour problems can be a substitute for expressing emotions communicatively in children who have insufficient emotional language repertoire. The offloading behaviour does not necessary have a communicative element. Their behaviour can be a result of deficient skills.
FC07-01 - Cognitive functions in first episode psychosis
Authors: Elsawy H.F. , Abd Elhay M.A. , Abd Elkrem A.B. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundCognitive impairment is recognized as an important feature of psychosis in its early stages and is a determinant of prognosis and management of these disorders.Aim of the studyTo test the cognitive functions in first psychotic episode in patients with disorders of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder and depression with psychotic disorder and to compare them to controls.Subjects and methodsThe study included 254 patients diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical criteria of Mental disorders, 4th edition (91 schizophrenics, 21 with schizoaffective disorder, 107 with bipolar disorder and 31 with psychotic depression) and experiencing their first psychotic episode. Seventy healthy volunteers matched as regards age and sex with patients were used as controls. All are subjected to cognitive evaluation by Trail Making Test, part B, Wisconsin card sorting test 128, Benton Visual Retention Test and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test.ResultsAll patients showed significant cognitive deterioration in all tests compared to control group. On comparing patients to each other, there was no significant difference between schizophrenics and patients with bipolar disorder, but both showed marked deterioration in comparison to depressive group.ConclusionCognitive impairments are present in early stages of psychosis and need careful assessment and management.
FC07-02 - Increased parahippocampal and lingual gyrification in first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Schultz C.C. , Koch K. , Wagner G. , Roebel M. , Nenadic I. , Gaser C. , Schachtzabel C. , Reichenbach J. , Sauer H. , Schlößer R.G.M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSurface based MRI methods are a promising approach for the identification of cerebral shape alterations in schizophrenia [1]. In particular, investigating gyrification might offer important evidence for disturbed neurodevelopmental mechanisms in schizophrenia.ObjectiveThe present study is the first to compare on a vertex - wise basis mean curvature as a sensitive parameter for the identification of local gyrification changes in first episode schizophrenia.Methods54 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 54 healthy control subjects underwent high-resolution T1-weighted MRI scans. Surface extraction and mean curvature calculation was performed using the Freesurfer Software package. Statistical cortical maps were created to estimate gyrification differences between groups.ResultsA significantly increased gyrification was detected in patients relative to controls in a large right parahippocampal-lingual cortex area. A further analysis of cortical thickness of this cluster revealed concurrent significant reduced cortical thickness in patients.ConclusionsThis is the first study to reveal an aberrant gyrification of the medial surface in first episode schizophrenia on basis of a vertex - wise analysis of local gyrification changes of the entire cortex. Both affected areas, the parahippocampal and the lingual cortex, are of high pathophysiological relevance for schizophrenia. Thus, our data provided new in vivo evidence for an early maturational deficit of these cortical areas in schizophrenia [2].
FC07-03 - Neurological soft signs and morphological changes of basal ganglia and thalamus in patients with first-episode psychosis
Authors: Hirjak D. , Stieltjes B. , Fritzsche K.H. , Wüstenberg T. , Seidl U. , Essig M. , Schröder J. , Thomann P.A. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesMinor motor and sensory deficits or neurological soft signs (NSS) are frequently found in individuals suffering from schizophrenia at any stage of their illness. The basal ganglia and the thalamus are accepted as being important for both motor control and integration of sensory input. However, whether NSS are related to structural alterations of these brain regions remains controversial.Method20 patients with a first-episode psychosis were investigated using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 Tesla. NSS were examined on the Heidelberg Scale after remission of acute symptoms and correlated with volume and shape of striatum, pallidum and thalamus by using sophisticated MRI analyses, namely VBM-DARTEL (volume) and FSL-FIRST (shape).Results NSS scores in patients with schizophrenia were significantly associated with volumetric changes and surface alterations in all investigated areas. Associations remained significant when controlling for age, gender, education, medication and intracranial volume.ConclusionOur findings lend further support for an involvement of the basal ganglia and the thalamus in NSS.