bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus disease and assisted reproduction in South Africa: a qualitative study
Authors: Whittaker Andrea , Manderson Lenore 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Little has been written about the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on assisted reproduction services in low and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate and long-term effects of assisted reproductive technology services in South Africa after 27 months of various lockdowns and restrictions associated with the pandemic.

Methods:
This article draws on data collected in 2020–2023 as part of a qualitative study of assisted reproduction within sub-Saharan Africa. Twenty-nine infertility specialists and other clinical staff including embryologists, clinic coordinators, ova donor coordinators, and nurses were interviewed and asked about the effects of the pandemic on their clinics and patients. A semistructured in-depth interview technique was used to collect the data. The analysis was conducted using the thematic analysis method.

Result:
Findings revealed that the immediate effects of the pandemic included the cancellations and deferral of assisted reproductive technology cycles and decreased numbers of cross-border patients. Challenges experienced by clinics in making decisions included whether to treat COVID-positive patients, increased costs of testing, and economic losses. Longer-term effects included the reconsideration of life priorities by both specialists and patients, and improved remote consultations and networking opportunities facilitated by the widespread dissemination of online platforms. There was also increased acceptability of the shipping and use of frozen gametes, leading to a perceived growth of the South African frozen oocyte trade. There was also decreased demand for add-ons, associated with the economic downturn post-pandemic in the region.

Conclusion:
COVID-19 carried costs (cancellation of cycles, a decrease in international patients, decrease in some procedures with the post-COVID economic downturn) but also unanticipated benefits for the practices and provision of services within infertility clinics in South Africa (increased gamete and embryo shipping; virtual patient consultations; improved virtual networking; greater use of local in vitro fertilization services). Further comparisons postpandemic in other low and middle-income countries are needed to understand the long-term implications.
Retinal dystrophy associated with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome
Authors: Ma Jingyi , Sheri Narin , Carrell Nathan , Kalluri Meena , MacDonald Ian M 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS) is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome characterized by skin fibrofolliculomas, lung cysts, spontaneous pneumothorax, and multifocal renal carcinomas. Ophthalmologic findings associated with BHDS include flecked chorioretinopathy, choroidal melanoma, iris melanocytosis, and eyelid fibrofolliculomas. We present the case of a retinal dystrophy associated with BHDS.

Methods:
Observational case report.

Results:
A 48-year-old woman was referred for poor night vision and peripheral visual field loss. She had a past medical history of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, manifesting as multiple pulmonary cysts and atelectasis of both lungs. Best corrected visual acuity was 20/25 OU. Posterior segment examination revealed significant vessel attenuation and peripheral retinopathy consistent with a retinal dystrophy.

Conclusion:
This case associates BHDS with retinal pigment epithelial changes and visual field defects. Patients with BHDS should undergo ophthalmological examination as part of their care.
Isoniazid-Induced Cerebellitis in a Chronic Kidney Disease Patient
Authors: Sarvepalli Tanushree , Alagappan S.P. , Nair Krishna S. , Dhas Clement Jenil , Partheeban Shamitha , Murali A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The bacterial disease tuberculosis (TB), when it affects organs of the body other than the lungs, is called extrapulmonary TB. The treatment regimen includes the drugs isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, of which isoniazid is known to be the most active drug. Adverse drug reactions commonly include immunological as well as drug toxicity effects, with the latter being particularly important in renally impaired patients because of high risk of drug accumulation. Cerebellitis, which is an inflammatory condition that results in cerebellar dysfunction, is a rare complication of isoniazid use. Diagnosis is made after excluding all other possibilities. In the case described here, the extrapulmonary TB patient was a known case of chronic kidney disease (G4). He presented with slurred speech and sedation; magnetic resonance imaging scan showed bilateral fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensities in the dentate nuclei, indicative of cerebellitis. Dramatic improvement was seen upon replacing Isoniazid with levofloxacin and administration of antioxidants and pyridoxine supplements, which confirmed the diagnosis of isoniazid-induced cerebellitis.
Web-based telemonitoring of visual function and self-reported postoperative outcomes in cataract care: international multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Claessens Janneau L.J. , Wanten Joukje C. , Bauer Noël J.C. , Nuijts Rudy M.M.A. , Vrijman Violette , Selek Esen , Wouters Rob J. , Reus Nicolaas J. , van Dorst Fallon J.G.M. , Findl Oliver , Ruiss Manuel , Boden Karl , Januschowski Kai , Imhof Saskia M. , Wisse Robert P.L. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To compare web-based, self-administered follow-up after cataract surgery to conventional face-to-face follow-up.

Setting:
Eye clinics in the Netherlands, Austria, and Germany.

Design:
Randomized controlled trial with an embedded method comparison study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04809402).

Methods:
Routine patients with cataract were randomized into 2 groups: The telemonitoring group undertook web-based vision self-assessments and questionnaires from home, while the usual care group received conventional care. All participants had a 4- to 6-week postoperative clinic visit for safety and validation purposes. Outcomes included, the web test's accuracy for assessing postoperative visual acuity (VA) and refractive error, adverse event rates, and patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs).

Results:
94 participants (188 eyes) were enrolled. Web-based uncorrected distance VA testing demonstrated a negligible mean difference (−0.03 ± 0.14 logMAR) when compared with conventional Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart testing, with 95% limits of agreement ranging from −0.30 to 0.24 logMAR. The web-based refraction assessment overestimated the postoperative refractive error (mean difference in spherical equivalent 0.15 ± 0.67 diopters), resulting in a poorer corrected distance VA compared with subjective refraction (mean 0.1 vs −0.1 logMAR). Rates of adverse events and unscheduled consultations were minimal across both groups. Preoperative and postoperative PROM questionnaires had a 100% response rate. Visual functioning (Catquest-9SF and National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25) improved postoperatively (mean improvement −0.80 and 16.70, respectively) and did not significantly differ between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:
The patients with cataract in this study effectively provided postoperative outcome data using a web interface. Both conventional and web-based follow-ups yielded similar PROMs and adverse event rates. Future developments should reduce the variability in the web-based VA test and yield representative refraction outcomes.
Effectiveness of prophylactic capsular tension ring implantation during cataract surgery in highly myopic eyes
Authors: Hu Xiaoxin , Qi Jiao , Cheng Kaiwen , He Wenwen , Zhang Keke , Zhao Chen , Lu Yi , Zhu Xiangjia 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To assess the effectiveness of prophylactic capsular tension ring (CTR) implantation during cataract surgery in highly myopic eyes.

Setting:
Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Methods:
Consecutive highly myopic patients treated with cataract surgery were recruited and randomized to undergo CTR implantation or not. The outcomes compared between the 2 groups included axial lens position (ALP), intraocular lens (IOL) decentration and tilt, area of anterior capsule opening, severity of anterior capsular opacification (ACO), and posterior capsular opacification (PCO) at 1 year postoperatively.

Results:
A total of 55 highly myopic eyes with CTRs implanted and 55 without were included in the analysis. At 1 year postoperatively, no significant differences were detected between the CTR and non-CTR groups for the mean ALP, IOL decentration, or tilt (all P > .05). However, the CTR group had a significantly larger area of anterior capsule opening (23.62 ± 3.30 mm2 vs 21.85 ± 2.30 mm2, P = .003), and less severe ACO (P = .033) and PCO (PCO-3 mm: 0.06 ± 0.13 vs 0.13 ± 0.20, P = .038; PCO-C: 0.15 ± 0.18 vs 0.25 ± 0.26, P = .026) than the non-CTR group. The corrected distance visual acuity, prediction error, and higher-order aberrations did not differ between the 2 groups (all P > .05).

Conclusions:
In highly myopic eyes, although prophylactic CTR implantation can reduce the severity of capsular contraction and opacification, it does not significantly affect postoperative IOL stability or visual outcomes.
Practical Applications and Observational Implications of Time-Based Coding for Workers’ Compensation Clinical Encounters—A Follow-up to Best Practices in Documenting and Coding High-Value Care in Workers’ Compensation Encounters—ACOEM Guidance Statement
Authors: Martin Douglas W. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Clinical practices that provide workers’ compensation care and other services related to managing work-related illnesses and injuries have long been challenged in receiving appropriate payment for their professional work. The American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM) has provided excellent guidelines for coding and billing via its various documents that have been provided over the years. However, despite these guidelines, payors have been slow to adopt occupational specific coding guidelines to justify higher professional payment. With the move to a Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)-sponsored time-based coding option in 2011, the occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) clinics have been able to finally not only document but recoup the value of those services that go beyond the simple patient interface, being able to capture those activities that truly provide high value in the management of workers’ medical issues.
Physicians' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Occupational Diseases Diagnosis and Occupational History Taking
Authors: Sehsah Radwa , El-Gilany Abdel-Hady , El-Hadidy Samah S. 
Published: May 2024

Objectives
This cross-sectional study assessed physicians' knowledge and attitudes toward occupational diseases, their practice of occupational history taking, and the associated factors and barriers.

Methods
From January 1 to June 30, 2023, Egyptian physicians from different specialties (n = 278) completed a questionnaire including sociodemographic and occupational data, questions measuring knowledge, attitudes, practice, and barriers.

Results
The significant predictor of low knowledge was the nonuse of a standard history form. The lack of undergraduate education/postgraduate training in occupational diseases was the predictor of unfavorable attitudes and poor practice. Unfavorable attitudes also predicted poor practice. The main barriers were insufficient knowledge and busy schedules.

Conclusions
Different specialties physicians are essential in recognizing occupational diseases. They need to be knowledgeable about occupational diseases within their specialties. Specialized undergraduate and postgraduate training in this topic can help achieve such needs.
Occupational and Health-Related Risk Factors for Incident and Recurrent Back Disorders in Danish Fishers—A Register-Based Study
Authors: Remmen Line Nørgaard , Halekoh Ulrich , Christiansen David Høyrup , Herttua Kimmo , Klakk Heidi , Berg-Beckhoff Gabriele 
Published: May 2024

Background
Fishers are at risk of back disorders due to their physically demanding work. The aim was to investigate risk factors for back disorders in fishers in Denmark.

Methods
All male Danish registered fishers between 1994 and 2017 were included. ICD-10 codes classified back disorders (M40-M54* and DM99.1-4*). A multistate model on a cause-specific cox regression model was conducted.

Results
Of 13,165 fishers included, 16% had a hospital contact with an incident back disorder, and 52% at least had 1 recurrent episode. Having worked in another occupation (HR 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.27) and another musculoskeletal disorder (HR 1.84; 95% CI: 1.69, 2.01) were significant risk factors for the incident back disorder. No risk factors were seen for recurrent episodes.

Conclusions
Risk factors for incident and recurrent back disorders were different; thus, episode-specific initiatives are needed to reduce back disorders among fishers.
Targeting the Sweet Spot: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of Anterior Versus Posterior Glenohumeral Joint Injections for Adhesive Capsulitis
Authors: Rhim Hye Chang , Schon Jason M. , Xu Raylin , Schowalter Sean , Ha Jane , Hsu Connie , Andrew Michael , Robinson David M. , Tenforde Adam S. , Daneshvar Daniel H. 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To compare clinical outcomes following steroid injections using the anterior and posterior approaches.

Design:
Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Setting:
Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) and prospective comparative studies.

Patients:
Patients with adhesive capsulitis.

Interventions:
Glenohumeral steroid injections using either anterior or posterior approach.

Main Outcome Measures:
Pain visual analog scale (VAS) and shoulder range of motion (ROM) at 12 weeks, accuracy, and adverse events. Standardized mean difference (SMD) for VAS and weighted mean difference (WMD) for ROMs.

Results:
We identified 6 RCTs and one prospective comparative study with a total of 468 patients. While there was no difference in pain VAS at 12 weeks between the 2 approaches (SMD, −0.86; 95% CI, −1.76 to 0.04), the anterior approach resulted in greater improvements in external rotation (WMD, 8.08; 95% CI, 0.79-15.38) and abduction (WMD, 6.76; 95% CI, 3.05-10.48) compared with the posterior approach. Subgroup analysis with RCTs that utilized steroid injection with hydrodilatation for both approaches demonstrated greater reduction in pain VAS at 12 weeks with the anterior approach (SMD, −0.52; 95% CI, −0.98 to −0.07). Overall, procedures were well tolerated without major complications.

Conclusions:
While pain reduction is similar, the anterior approach may be more beneficial in restoring shoulder external rotation and abduction compared with the posterior approach at 12 weeks. Steroid injection combined with hydrodilatation may further improve pain control when performed with the anterior approach at 12 weeks.
Presence of Additional Pathology in Low-Grade Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries
Authors: Mulhall Drew , McRae Sheila , Koenig James , Matthewson Graeme , Nemeth Peter , MacDonald Peter 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To determine if additional pathology is present in low-grade acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries.

Design:
Prospective case series.

Setting:
Patients were assessed by primary care sports medicine physicians at a single institution between 2019 and 2023.

Patients:
Patients aged 18 to 65 years diagnosed with a type I to III AC injury based on clinical and radiographic evaluation.

Intervention:
Consenting patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation within 21 days of injury. All injuries were treated nonoperatively.

Main Outcome Measures:
Additional pathologies identified on MRI were reported in a standardized fashion by fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists.

Results:
Twenty-nine patients (26 men/3 women) were consented with a mean (±SD) age of 28.6 ± 9.5 years. The mean time from injury to MRI was 8.1 ± 5.9 days. Twenty-three injuries were sport related, and 6 were accidental traumas. Based on MRI, injury type was reclassified in 16 of 29 patients, and 13 remained unchanged. Additional pathologies identified included 14 muscle injuries, 5 rotator cuff tears, 5 labral tears, 1 nondisplaced fracture, and 1 intra-articular body.

Conclusion:
MRI evidence suggests that most AC joint injuries are more severe than clinically diagnosed. Identifying additional pathology may alter diagnostic and treatment guidelines for type I to III AC joint injuries.
A simulation educational intervention to enhance preclinical family nurse practitioner student preparation
Authors: Link Tamara , Braswell April , Vaughn Jacqueline , Ford Shannon , Payne Jason , Wax Erin , Parker Diane , Waddill Colette , O'Brien Coleen , Stoffer Kassandra , Conde-Zuege Renata , Earp Crystal , Balogh Pamela , Hubbell Sara 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Simulation has been shown to improve communication and psychometric skills in advanced practice nursing students. Little is known about the impact of a simulation educational intervention with a faculty-facilitated debriefing on the preparation of novice nurse practitioner students for their first clinical practicum. This article describes the development of an educational intervention to accomplish this. The simulation education intervention was implemented with preclinical nurse practitioner students designed to improve their preparation for their first precepted clinical experience. Students were surveyed preintervention and postintervention to explore their self-perception of confidence and preparation for clinicals looking at six domains: health history, physical examination, diagnostics, differentials, final diagnosis, and plan of care. Quantitative results were statistically significant for each domain. Qualitative findings gave deeper insight into the students' perceptions of how the intervention prepared them for clinicals. Advanced practice educators can use educational interventions such as this to prepare students for their first clinical practicums.
Long-term cardiovascular outcomes after mini-crush or T and minimal protrusion techniques in complex bifurcation lesions: the EVOLUTE-CRUSH III study
Authors: Güner Ahmet , Uzun Fatih , Çizgici Ahmet Yaşar , Kahraman Serkan , Demirci Gökhan , Çiloğlu Koray , Gökçe Kaan , Doğan Abdullah , Akman Cemalettin , Uysal Hande , Gültekin Güner Ezgi , Aktürk İbrahim Faruk , Yildiz Mustafa , Serter Berkay , Yalçin Ahmet Arif , Keskin Berhan , Ertürk Mehmet 
Published: May 2024

Background
Mini-crush (MC) and T-stenting and small protrusion (TAP) techniques are frequently used, but the long-term comparison of both techniques in patients with complex bifurcation lesions (CBLs) is still a debatable issue. This study sought to retrospectively evaluate the long-term outcomes of MC and TAP techniques in patients with CBLs.

Methods
A total of 271 patients [male: 202 (78.9%), mean age: 58.90 ± 10.11 years] patients in whom complex bifurcation intervention was performed between 2014 and 2023 were involved. The primary endpoint was major cardiovascular events (MACE) as the combination of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, or clinically driven-target lesion revascularization. The Cox proportional hazard models were adjusted by the inverse probability weighting approach to reduce treatment selection bias.

Results
The initial management strategy was MC in 146 patients and TAP in 125 cases. MACE occurred in 52 patients (19.2%) during a mean follow-up period of 32.43 ± 16 months. The incidence of MACE (13 vs. 26.4%, P = 0.005) and major cardiovascular and cerebral events (15.1 vs. 28.8%, P = 0.006) were significantly lower in the MC group than in the TAP group. Additionally, the incidence of definite or probable stent thrombosis was numerically lower in the MC group compared with the TAP group but did not differ significantly (2.7 vs. 8%, P = 0.059). The long-term MACE was notably higher in the TAP group than the MC group [adjusted hazard ratio (inverse probability weighted): 1.936 (95% confidence interval: 1.053–3.561), P = 0.033].

Conclusion
In this study involving patients with CBLs, percutaneous coronary intervention with the MC technique had better long-term outcomes than the TAP technique.
Virtual Reality–Based Simulated Hallucinations to Enhance Empathy Toward Individuals With Schizophrenia
Authors: Abrams Kenneth B. , Wilson Andrew , Hernandez Thais Del Rosario , Choate Aidan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Individuals affected by schizophrenia often relay frustration that persons in their life are unable to understand their symptoms. We sought to examine whether a brief virtual reality (VR) experience for students in an undergraduate psychopathology course entailing simulated hallucinations could increase empathy, decrease negative affect, and positively affect attitudes toward persons with schizophrenia. After the unit on schizophrenia, 41 participants engaged in a VR experience with simulated auditory and visual hallucinations. We sought to maximize fidelity and immersion by incorporating the actual classroom and course instructor into the virtual world. By collecting data at multiple points, we were able to isolate the impact of the simulation on affect and attitudes. Participants experienced an increase in empathy and favorable attitudes toward individuals with schizophrenia and reported the simulation to be highly educational. The favorable results are notable given the brevity of the simulation and the absence of any explicit (declarative) knowledge being conveyed.
Special anatomy series. Imaging inner ear structures with high-frequency ultrasound: Application to physical rehabilitation space medicine
Authors: Strakowski Jeffrey , Zhang Han , Reschke Millard , Chiou-Tan Faye Y. 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The objective of this paper is to document the feasibility of image acquisition, image optimization, and sonographic appearance of the exposed anatomic windows of cadaveric inner ear dissection for purposes of potential future clinical evaluation as part of the developing area of physical and rehabilitation space medicine.

Methods:
Cadaveric dissection of the inner ear was conducted with the goal of exposing areas relevant to vestibular balance. Middle and inner ear structures of 3 human cadavers were imaged with multiple broadband transducers, including emphasis with higher frequency transducers.

Results:
The images were best optimized with 17 MHz and 22 MHz small footprint transducers. High-frequency ultrasound (US) images of the semicircular canals, vestibular and facial nerves, and utricles with reflected otoliths (otoconia) were obtained and reported in this article. Detailed visualization of both the vestibular nerve and facial nerve was accomplished, including identification of fascicular architecture. In addition, US reflection from the otoliths contained within the utricle was identified with sufficient clarity to provide surface measurements. Bony acoustic landmarks of the middle ear bones were identified by scanning externally from the tympanic membrane, including the dynamic movement of the bones with manual manipulation.

Conclusion:
US visualization has the potential to be an effective imaging modality to monitor potential changes to the otolith's size throughout extended space flight. To our knowledge, no prior study has reported US images of human inner ear structures.