bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized controlled trial of a health promotion education programme for people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ennis M , Thain J , Boggild M , Baker G A , Young C A 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a health promotion education programme for people with multiple sclerosis (the OPTIMISE programme) in terms of increasing the level of health-promoting activity undertaken, improving self-efficacy and enhancing quality of life.Design: A randomized controlled single blinded trial. Non-parametric analysis was undertaken to test for significant differences between treatment and control groups change scores.Subjects and setting: Sixty-two adults (32 treatment and 30 control subjects) with multiple sclerosis of any type, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 1-7.Intervention: An eight-week multidisciplinary outpatient health promotion education programme aimed at increasing knowledge, skills and confidence in undertaking health promotion activities.Outcome measures: Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile, Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale and the Short Form 36 Item Health Survey.Results: Following completion of the programme, treatment subjects had significantly higher levels of health promotion activity undertaken ( P<0.01) and self-efficacy for health promotion activities ( P<0.01). These benefits were sustained for at least three months after the programme ceased. Certain domains of quality of life also improved in treatment subjects more than controls (physical P=0.03, mental health and general health P=0.01), although only mental health and general health showed further improvement at three months. Participants provided positive feedback regarding the usefulness of the intervention and demonstrated observable changes to their health promotion behaviours.Conclusions: The OPTIMISE programme produced significant changes in health-promoting behaviours.
Measuring autonomy in disabled people: validation of a new scale in a UK population
Authors: Sibley A , Kersten P , Ward C D , White B , Mehta R , George S 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To evaluate the validity and reliability of an English version of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire (IPA). The original Dutch IPA has been shown to load onto five factors. Design: A validation study. Setting: Outpatients clinics and people’s homes. Subjects: Two hundred and thirteen people with multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, spinal cord injury, and general practice attendees, stratified by level of disability (median age 54, 42% male, 58% female). Inclusion criteria: English as first language, aged 18-75, Mental Status Questionnaire score >6. Interventions: Self- and interviewer-administered outcome measures. Main measures: IPA, including one new item (66 participants completed the IPA on a second occasion). Other measures: Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), London Handicap Scale, three domains of the Functional Limitations Profile (FLP): household management, social integration, emotion. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the IPA (Normal Fit Index=0.98, Comparative Fit Index=0.99), indicating a good fit to the model. Convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed by the predicted associations, or lack of, with the exception of a poor association between the ‘social life/relationships’ IPA subscale and FLP-emotion. Internal reliability of the IPA was confirmed (Cronbach alphas >0.8; item-total correlations for all subscales >0.5). Test-retest reliability was confirmed for all items (weighted kappas >0.6) and subscales (intraclass correlation coefficients >0.90). Conclusions: The English IPA is a valid, reliable and acceptable measure of participation and autonomy in people with a range of conditions and can make a unique and fundamental contribution to outcome assessment. Further research is required to examine the responsiveness of the IPA to change over time, its clinical utility and suitability for use with people from ethnic minorities and with older people.
Life goals of patients with Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study on correlations with mood and cognitive functions
Authors: McNamara Patrick , Durso Raymon , Harris Erica 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To identify the life goals of people with Parkinson’s disease, to assess whether patients felt that these goals were ‘on track’, and to assess the relation of these life goals to neuropsychologic and mood function. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study with an age-matched control group. Setting: Outpatient Movement Disorders Clinics Veterans Hospital. Subjects: Twenty-two patients with mid-stage Parkinson’s disease and 22 age-matched controls. Measures: Rivermead Life Goals Inventory, neuropsychological and mood scales. Results: People with Parkinson’s disease were less likely than age-matched controls to cite religion, social contacts, leisure activities and personal care as ‘extremely important life goals’. People with Parkinson’s disease assigned significantly lower ‘importance’ ratings to leisure activities and religion than did controls. In addition, people with Parkinson’s disease assigned significantly lower ‘on track’ ratings for leisure activities, work, social contacts, religion and financial affairs compared with controls’ rating on the same items. Although people with Parkinson’s disease showed significantly greater levels of cognitive and mood dysfunction than did controls, their mean importance ratings on life goals correlated only with mood function scores. Conclusions: The leisure activities, work, social contacts, religion and financial affairs of people with Parkinson’s disease are less ‘on track’ than are their personal and family relationships. Subjective importance ratings of particular life goals of people with Parkinson’s disease were found to be significantly related to mood function and not to cognitive function. Goal derailment ratings on the other hand were significantly related to both mood and cognitive impairment.
Manifestations of mental slowness in the daily life of patients with stroke: a qualitative study
Authors: Winkens Ieke , Van Heugten Caroline M , Fasotti Luciano , Duits Annelien A , Wade Derick T 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To explore the consequences of mental slowness in the daily life of patients with stroke. Design: In a cross-sectional survey semi-structured interviews were completed. Interviews were transcribed and coded by two independent reviewers. Qualitative analysis was done by means of the ‘constant comparison method’. Setting: Three rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands. Participants: A convenience sample of 13 patients with stroke, suffering from mental slowness, was derived from December 2003 to May 2004. Main outcome measures: Interview descriptions of the everyday consequences of mental slowness. Results: Patients experienced many problems in daily life due to mental slowness. These could be divided into two main groups: (1) problems in cognitive functioning; (2) psychological and somatic complaints. In response to these problems, some patients mentioned the use of compensation strategies in order to reduce the demands on their information processing capacity. Conclusions: Mental slowness in cognitive functioning affects a wide range of activities, causing emotional symptoms in many patients and stimulating the spontaneous use of compensation strategies in some patients.
5-HTTLPR polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene and migraine: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Schürks Markus , Rist Pamela M , Kurth Tobias 
Published: October 2010

Background and methods: Data on the association between the SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and migraine are conflicting. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis among studies published up to September 2009. For each study with genotype information, we calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) assuming additive, dominant, and recessive genetic models. We then calculated pooled ORs and 95% CIs. Results: Among the ten studies identified there was no overall association between the polymorphism and any migraine for Europeans or Asians. However, European women carrying the S allele had an increased risk for any migraine (dominant model: pooled OR = 2.02; 95% CI 1.24–3.28). Results among Europeans further suggested an increased risk for migraine with aura among carriers of the S/S genotype (recessive model: pooled OR = 1.41; 95% CI 0.83–2.40). Conclusions: While our results indicate no overall association between the SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and migraine among Europeans and Asians, gender and migraine aura status may have modifying roles among Europeans.
GLP-2 and leptin are associated with hyperinsulinemia in non-obese female migraineurs
Authors: Bernecker Claudia , Pailer Sabine , Kieslinger Petra , Horejsi Renate , Möller Reinhard , Lechner Anita , Wallner-Blazek Mirja , Weiss Sabine , Fazekas Franz , Truschnig-Wilders Martini , Gruber Hans-Jürgen 
Published: October 2010

Objective: Impaired insulin metabolism has been implicated in migraine. However, to date only some putative effects, especially regarding the involvement of adipocytokines and glucagon-like peptides (GLPs), have been described. The aim of the present study was to investigate adipocytokines and GLPs in non-obese female migraineurs. Methods: Various parameters of the insulin metabolism and body measurements were determined in 84 non-obese female subjects. Results: We found highly significantly increased insulin levels with an odds ratio of 10.62 for migraine. Leptin and GLP-2 levels were also increased and correlated with insulin. Logistic regression analysis of leptin and GLP-2 revealed odds ratios of 3.79 and 4.26 for migraine, respectively, when comparing the lowest with the highest quartile of the test variable in the complete study cohort. Discussion: We show that non-obese female migraineurs suffer from hyperinsulinemia, which is associated with elevated leptin and GLP-2 levels. Increased leptin and GLP-2 are risk factors for migraine. Our data suggest that migraine is associated with a higher risk for insulin resistance and its clinical consequences.
Countrywide Campaign to Prevent Soccer Injuries in Swiss Amateur Players
Authors: Junge Astrid , Lamprecht Markus , Stamm Hanspeter , Hasler Hansruedi , Bizzini Mario , Tschopp Markus , Reuter Harald , Wyss Heinz , Chilvers Chris , Dvorak Jiri 
Published: October 2010

Background: In Switzerland, the national accident insurance company registered a total of 42 262 soccer injuries, resulting in costs of approximately 145 million Swiss francs (~US$130 million) in 2003. Research on injury prevention has shown that exercise-based programs can reduce the incidence of soccer injuries. Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the implementation and effects of a countrywide campaign to reduce the incidence of soccer injuries in Swiss amateur players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All coaches of the Schweizerischer Fussballverband (SFV) received information material and were instructed to implement the injury prevention program “The 11” in their training of amateur players. After the instruction, the coaches were asked to rate the quality and the feasibility of “The 11.” Before the start of the intervention and 4 years later, a representative sample of about 1000 Swiss soccer coaches were interviewed about the frequency and characteristics of injuries in their teams. Teams that did or did not practice “The 11” were compared with respect to the incidence of soccer injuries. Results: A total of 5549 coaches for amateur players were instructed to perform “The 11” in the training with their teams. The ratings of the teaching session and the prevention program were overall very positive. In 2008, 80% of all SFV coaches knew the prevention campaign “The 11” and 57% performed the program or most parts of it. Teams performing “The 11” had an 11.5% lower incidence of match injuries and a 25.3% lower incidence of training injuries than other teams; noncontact injuries in particular were prevented by the program. Conclusion: “The 11” was successfully implemented in a countrywide campaign and proved effective in reducing soccer injuries in amateur players. An effect of the prevention program was also observed in the population-based insurance data and health-care costs.
Knee Rotational Laxity in a Randomized Comparison of Single- Versus Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Hemmerich Andrea , van der Merwe Willem , Batterham Marijka , Vaughan Christopher L. 
Published: October 2010

Background: While single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction reduces anterior-posterior laxity, studies have demonstrated residual rotational instability. Improved pivot-shift results have been shown with the double-bundle graft; however, no study has compared rotational laxity outcome of these surgical techniques in vivo under quantified, isolated torsional loading. Hypothesis: The anterior cruciate ligament–deficient knee exhibits greater rotational laxity than the contralateral uninjured knee. The double-bundle reconstruction restores rotational joint stability to a greater extent than single-bundle surgery. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Rotational laxity of 32 patients with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament injury was assessed in both knees at full extension and 30° of flexion using a magnetic resonance imaging–compatible torsional loading device. Patients were randomly allocated either a single- or double-bundle reconstruction and reassessed 5 months after surgery. Results: The anterior cruciate ligament–deficient knees demonstrated greater laxity to internal rotational torque in the extended position, but not in the 30° flexed position. No significant differences in rotational laxity were found between single- and double-bundle reconstructions. In extension, excessive internal rotational laxity of injured compared with contralateral knees was reduced by anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The single-bundle reconstruction did not affect internal rotation compared with contralateral or preoperative groups. In response to internal rotational torque in the flexed knee position, the double-bundle reconstruction reduced laxity to 10.8° from the pre-operative value of 15.3° ( P = .058); postoperative rotation was also significantly less than the contralateral laxity of 16.4° ( P = .022). Conclusion: The ruptured anterior cruciate ligament resulted in increased internal rotational laxity only in the extended position. The single-bundle reconstruction did not affect rotational restraint compared with contralateral or preoperative groups. The double-bundle procedure significantly reduced internal laxity in the flexed position when compared with normal. Clinical Relevance: As the anterior cruciate ligament is not the primary restraint to rotation, its contribution to joint stability is limited under isolated torsional load. While the double-bundle graft demonstrates superior rotational constraint, this may be excessive for isolated anterior cruciate ligament rupture.
Cognitive impairment in relation to MRI metrics in patients with clinically isolated syndrome
Authors: Khalil M , Enzinger C , Langkammer C , Petrovic K , Loitfelder M , Tscherner M , Jehna M , Bachmaier G , Wallner-Blazek M , Ropele S , Schmidt R , Fuchs S , Fazekas F 
Published: October 2010

Background: Cognitive deficits are frequent in multiple sclerosis (MS) and have been associated with morphologic brain changes. Less information exists on their extent and relation to MRI findings in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). It is also unclear if structural changes as detected by magnetization transfer (MT) imaging may provide an additional explanation for cognitive dysfunction. Objective: To analyse the extent of cognitive deficits and their relation to MRI metrics including MT imaging in CIS compared to relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Methods: Forty-four CIS and 80 RRMS patients underwent the Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB-N) and a 3 T MRI scan. Results: BRB-N subtests revealed similar results in CIS and RRMS. Impaired mental processing speed was most prevalent in both groups (CIS 13.6%; RRMS 16.3%) and thus served for correlation with MRI metrics. Using stepwise linear regression analyses, the strongest predictor for decreased mental processing speed was normalized cortex volume ( p < 0.001) followed by T2-lesion load ( p < 0.05) in RRMS, whereas cortical MT ratio was the only MRI parameter associated with decreased mental processing speed in CIS ( p < 0.005). Conclusion: Cognitive dysfunction occurs in CIS in a pattern similar to RRMS, with impaired mental processing speed being most prevalent. Cortical MT-ratio changes may be an early sign for tissue changes related to impaired mental processing speed in CIS while this association shifts to increased signs of cortical atrophy and lesion load in RRMS.
Bortezomib resistance in mantle cell lymphoma is associated with plasmacytic differentiation
Authors: Pérez-Galán Patricia , Mora-Jensen Helena , Weniger Marc A. , Shaffer Arthur L. , Rizzatti Edgar G. , Chapman Colby M. , Mo Clifton C. , Stennett Lawrence S. , Rader Christoph , Liu Poching , Raghavachari Nalini , Stetler-Stevenson Maryalice , Yuan Constance , Pittaluga Stefania , Maric Irina , Dunleavy Kieron M. , Wilson Wyndham H. , Staudt Louis M. , Wiestner Adrian 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Bortezomib induces remissions in 30%-50% of patients with relapsed mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Conversely, more than half of patients' tumors are intrinsically resistant to bortezomib. The molecular mechanism of resistance has not been defined. We generated a model of bortezomib-adapted subclones of the MCL cell lines JEKO and HBL2 that were 40- to 80-fold less sensitive to bortezomib than the parental cells. Acquisition of bortezomib resistance was gradual and reversible. Bortezomib-adapted subclones showed increased proteasome activity and tolerated lower proteasome capacity than the parental lines. Using gene expression profiling, we discovered that bortezomib resistance was associated with plasmacytic differentiation, including up-regulation of IRF4 and CD38 and expression of CD138. In contrast to plasma cells, plasmacytic MCL cells did not increase immunoglobulin secretion. Intrinsically bortezomib-resistant MCL cell lines and primary tumor cells from MCL patients with inferior clinical response to bortezomib also expressed plasmacytic features. Knockdown of IRF4 was toxic for the subset of MCL cells with plasmacytic differentiation, but only slightly sensitized cells to bortezomib. We conclude that plasmacytic differentiation in the absence of an increased secretory load can enable cells to withstand the stress of proteasome inhibition. Expression of CD38 and IRF4 could serve as markers of bortezomib resistance in MCL. This study has been registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00131976.
Comparative study of discretization methods of microarray data for inferring transcriptional regulatory networks
Authors: Li Yong , Liu Lili , Bai Xi , Cai Hua , Ji Wei , Guo Dianjing , Zhu Yanming 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Microarray data discretization is a basic preprocess for many algorithms of gene regulatory network inference. Some common discretization methods in informatics are used to discretize microarray data. Selection of the discretization method is often arbitrary and no systematic comparison of different discretization has been conducted, in the context of gene regulatory network inference from time series gene expression data.

Results
In this study, we propose a new discretization method "bikmeans", and compare its performance with four other widely-used discretization methods using different datasets, modeling algorithms and number of intervals. Sensitivities, specificities and total accuracies were calculated and statistical analysis was carried out. Bikmeans method always gave high total accuracies.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that proper discretization methods can consistently improve gene regulatory network inference independent of network modeling algorithms and datasets. Our new method, bikmeans, resulted in significant better total accuracies than other methods.
zTrap: zebrafish gene trap and enhancer trap database
Authors: Kawakami Koichi , Abe Gembu , Asada Tokuko , Asakawa Kazuhide , Fukuda Ryuichi , Ito Aki , Lal Pradeep , Mouri Naoko , Muto Akira , Suster Maximilliano L , Takakubo Hitomi , Urasaki Akihiro , Wada Hironori , Yoshida Mikio 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Background
We have developed genetic methods in zebrafish by using the Tol2 transposable element; namely, transgenesis, gene trapping, enhancer trapping and the Gal4FF-UAS system. Gene trap constructs contain a splice acceptor and the GFP or Gal4FF (a modified version of the yeast Gal4 transcription activator) gene, and enhancer trap constructs contain the zebrafish hsp70l promoter and the GFP or Gal4FF gene. By performing genetic screens using these constructs, we have generated transgenic zebrafish that express GFP and Gal4FF in specific cells, tissues and organs. Gal4FF expression is visualized by creating double transgenic fish carrying a Gal4FF transgene and the GFP reporter gene placed downstream of the Gal4-recognition sequence (UAS). Further, the Gal4FF-expressing cells can be manipulated by mating with UAS effector fish. For instance, when fish expressing Gal4FF in specific neurons are crossed with the UAS:TeTxLC fish carrying the tetanus neurotoxin gene downstream of UAS, the neuronal activities are inhibited in the double transgenic fish. Thus, these transgenic fish are useful to study developmental biology and neurobiology.

Description
To increase the usefulness of the transgenic fish resource, we developed a web-based database named zTrap http://kawakami.lab.nig.ac.jp/ztrap/. The zTrap database contains images of GFP and Gal4FF expression patterns, and genomic DNA sequences surrounding the integration sites of the gene trap and enhancer trap constructs. The integration sites are mapped onto the Ensembl zebrafish genome by in-house Blat analysis and can be viewed on the zTrap and Ensembl genome browsers. Furthermore, zTrap is equipped with the functionality to search these data for expression patterns and genomic loci of interest. zTrap contains the information about transgenic fish including UAS reporter and effector fish.

Conclusion
zTrap is a useful resource to find gene trap and enhancer trap fish lines that express GFP and Gal4FF in desired patterns, and to find insertions of the gene trap and enhancer trap constructs that are located within or near genes of interest. These transgenic fish can be utilized to observe specific cell types during embryogenesis, to manipulate their functions, and to discover novel genes and cis-regulatory elements. Therefore, zTrap should facilitate studies on genomics, developmental biology and neurobiology utilizing the transgenic zebrafish resource.