bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De novo renal cell carcinoma of native and graft kidneys in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Tsaur Igor , Obermüller Nicholas , Jonas Dietger , Blaheta Roman , Juengel Eva , Scheuermann Ernst‐Heinrich , Kachel Heinz‐Georg , Karalis Athanasios , Probst Michael 
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Immmunosuppression is an etablished risk factor for development of different maligancies. Nevertheless, little is known about the behaviour of renal cell cancer of native and graft kidneys in renal transplanted patients. The study results show an increased incidence of renal cell carcinoma in renal transplant recipients with high prevalence of papillary subtype, significantly younger patient age at the immunosuppression onset, aggressive behaviour with an increased tendency to systemic advance despite a high rate of low‐stage and low‐grade carcinomas at diagnosis. Furthermore, graft tumours had a more favourable prognosis than those of native kidney.OBJECTIVE

To access the epidemiological, clinical and survival features of renal transplant patients with de novo renal cell carcinoma of native and graft kidneys.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We performed a retrospective examination of the data of 2001 consecutive renal transplant recipients at our centre between November 1979 and January 2010.

RESULTS

In the patient cohort examined, 30 renal cell carcinomas were observed in 26 individuals (incidence 1.5%) with 25 tumours in the native and five in allograft kidneys. Mean tumour size in surgical specimens was 44 ± 36 mm. The rate of papillary cancer was 37.5%.
After a mean follow‐up of 58.6 ± 62.3 months, 15.4% of the patients died from cancer and 57.7% were in complete remission.
Overall and tumour‐specific survival rates at 1, 5 and 10 years were 86.1%, 75.1% and 43.8%, and 90.4%, 83.5% and 66.8%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Due to increasingly improved survival after renal transplantation, de novo malignancies might soon become the main cause of intermediate‐ or long‐term mortality.
Current data support an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma in renal transplant recipients in a particularly aggressive way, but low tendency for metachronous contralateral evolution.
With continuous radiological follow‐ups, acceptable oncological outcome can be achieved. Graft tumours may have a favourable prognosis.
Perceived and actual diabetes risk in the Chinese and Hispanic/Latino communities in Portland, OR, USA
Authors: Maty S. C. , Tippens K. M. 
Published: November 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 658–667 (2011)AbstractAims  The burden of diabetes is considerable for racial and ethnic minority populations in many places in the USA and worldwide, often disproportionately affecting immigrant communities. This paper reports findings from a community‐based participatory research study that described diabetes risk and awareness, assessed the association between perceived and actual risk (high, two or more diabetes risk factors; low, fewer than two risk factors) and identified factors associated with disease risk among Chinese and Hispanic/Latino immigrant populations in Portland, OR, USA.Methods  Cross‐sectional, self‐reported data were collected from a purposive sample of 324 Chinese (n = 159) and Hispanic/Latino (n = 165) adults, aged 18–86 years [mean (SD) age, 45.2(17.9) years; 50.7% women). Analyses described differences in variable distributions. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in pooled and ethnic group‐specific samples.Results  Approximately 43% of participants were at high risk for diabetes, regardless of ethnicity or age. Of those unaware of their risk, or who perceived themselves not to be at risk, 25–53% had two or more risk factors (high risk); these patterns varied by ethnicity. The proportion of participants who reported two or more risk factors and were unaware of their risk status (31.8% Hispanic/Latino; 17% Chinese) or self‐identified as not at risk (12.5% Hispanic/Latino; 13.0% Chinese) was substantial. Factors associated with diabetes risk also varied by ethnicity.Conclusions  This study assessed the degree and determinants of diabetes risk and awareness among local Hispanic/Latino and Chinese communities and identified significant variation between groups. The results are important because they highlight substantial diabetes risk among persons who misestimate or are unaware of their risk status, regardless of ethnicity, and, in the USA, the Chinese immigrant population commonly is not considered a high‐risk group for Type 2 diabetes.
REGULATION AND RISK: A CROSS‐COUNTRY SURVEY OF REGULATED COMPANIES
Authors: Gaggero Alberto A. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper tests empirically whether regulation characterized by high incentives implies more risk to firms than regulation characterized by low incentives. Using a worldwide panel of 170 regulated companies operating in electricity, gas, water, telecommunication and transportation sectors during the period 1995–2004, I find that different regulatory regimes do not result in different levels of risk to their regulated firms. This result could be driven by a higher level of development of financial markets combined with a sophisticated diversifying behaviour of regulated firms.
The Train has Left the Station: Do Markets Value Intracity Access to Intercity Rail Connections?
Authors: Ahlfeldt Gabriel M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
This paper is the first to provide a micro-level analysis of the impact of intercity rail connections on property prices. We use the variation in mainline accessibility provided by the reorganization of the rail system in post-unification Berlin to isolate accessibility effects from correlated individual location effects. Evidence does not support the existence of localized effects on location productivity and household utility. While the city, since unification, has undergone significant changes in its spatial structure, these effects cannot be attributed to the new transport concept. Our findings question the justification for committing substantial public funds to downtown rail redevelopment projects.
The Rise of Early Sufism: A Survey of Recent Scholarship on its Social Dimensions
Authors: Bin Ramli Harith 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBy the late mediaeval period, Sufism (sometimes defined as Islamic mysticism) was a clear presence in every Muslim town or village, and Sufis were present in many different levels of Muslim society. However, if we were to look back to the earliest centuries of Islamic history, it becomes increasingly harder to find evidence of individuals going by the description of ‘Sufi’. Individuals with the name appear around the late eighth century C.E., but we only start to see the rise of a particular group using that name in the mid‐nineth century. But how and why did Sufism rise in this period, and what were the reasons behind its growing importance for Muslim society? By looking at the contributions of scholars in recent decades, this article will try to trace the development of Sufism from its early origins, up to its consolidation as a visible social institution during the 12th century.
For Class and Nation: Dominant Trends in the Historiography of Twentieth‐Century Wales
Authors: Johnes Martin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWelsh identity has often centred on tensions between labour and political/cultural nationalist traditions. Those tensions have influenced writing about the history of modern Wales to the extent where Welsh history might even be thought to be justifying different interpretations of Wales. But both nationalist and labour interpretations of Wales actually overlap and both have played their part in strengthening a sense of Welsh identity. This paper explores these twin themes in the historiography of 20th‐century Wales and how they relate to the contexts in which they were produced and read.
A Multi‐Center Double‐Blind Pilot Comparison of OnabotulinumtoxinA and Topiramate for the Prophylactic Treatment of Chronic Migraine
Authors: Cady Roger K. , Schreiber Curtis P. , Porter John A.H. , Blumenfeld Andrew M. , Farmer Kathleen U. 
Published: November 2010

(Headache 2011;51:21‐32)Objective.— This multi‐center pilot study compared the efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA with topiramate (a Food and Drug Administration approved and widely accepted treatment for prevention of migraine) in individuals with chronic migraine (CM).Methods.— A total of 59 subjects with CM were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups: Group 1 (n = 30) received topiramate plus placebo injections, Group 2 (n = 29) received onabotulinumtoxinA injections plus placebo tablets. Subjects maintained daily headache diaries over a 4‐week baseline period and a 12‐week active study period. The primary endpoint was the Physician Global Assessment, which measured the treatment responder rate and indicated improvement in both groups over 12 weeks. Secondary endpoints, measured at weeks 4 and 12, included headache days per month, migraine days, headache‐free days, days on acute medication, severity of headache episodes, Migraine Impact & Disability Assessment, Headache Impact Test, effectiveness of and satisfaction with current treatment on the amount of medication needed, and the frequency and severity of migraine symptoms. At 12 weeks subjects were re‐evaluated and tapered off oral study medications over a 2‐week time period. Subjects not reporting a >50% reduction of headache frequency at 12 weeks were invited to participate in a 12‐week open label extension study with onabotulinumtoxinA. Of these, 20 subjects, 9 from the Topiramate Group and 11 from the OnabotulinumtoxinA Group, volunteered for this extension from weeks 14 to 26.Results.— This study demonstrated positive benefit for both onabotulinumtoxinA and topiramate in subjects with CM. Overall, the results were statistically significant within groups but not between groups. By week 26, subjects had a reduction of headache days per month compared with baseline. This was a significant within‐group finding.Conclusion.— OnabotulinumtoxinA and topiramate demonstrated similar efficacy for subjects with CM as determined by Global Physician Assessment and supported by multiple secondary endpoint measures.
Excellent Tolerability But Relatively Low Initial Clinical Efficacy of Telcagepant in Migraine
Authors: Tfelt‐Hansen Peer 
Published: November 2010

(Headache 2011;51:118‐123)In 3 randomized clinical trials (n = 1585) the calcitonin gene‐related peptide antagonist telcagepant 300 mg orally had an incidence of adverse events similar to placebo when used in the acute treatment of migraine. Telcagepant, thus, has excellent tolerability in migraine.Only a quarter (26%) (334/1307) of patients were, however, pain free after 2 hours, while 56% (729/1297) of patients had pain relief at 2 hours. Telcagepant 300 mg in one randomized clinical trial was equipotent to zolmitriptan 5 mg. Based on results from a meta‐analysis, rizatriptan 10 mg (41%) and almotriptan (35%) seem superior to telcagepant (26%) for pain free at 2 hours whereas rizatriptan 10 mg (25%) showed no difference from telcagepant 300 mg (19 %) for sustained pain free (2‐24 hours). The introduction of calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor antagonism in the acute treatment of migraine is a major step forward but so far mostly because of its specific mode of action and excellent tolerability.
Bronchial Hyper‐Reactivity in Migraine Without Aura: Is It a New Clue for Inflammation?
Authors: Kaleagasi Hakan , Özgür Eylem , Özge Cengiz , Özge Aynur 
Published: November 2010

Objective.— We attempted to investigate the relationship between migraine without aura (MwoA) and bronchial hyper‐reactivity to postulate inflammation as an underlying mechanism in migraine.Background.— Comorbidity of migraine and atopic diseases such as asthma has been an argument for suspected immune system dysfunction in migraineurs.Methods.— Twenty patients with MwoA and 5 control subjects without history of atophy and asthma were included in study. Subjects with abnormal physical examination and chest radiographs were excluded. After a normal spirometry, methacholine bronchoprovocation test was performed in all subjects and controls according to 5 breath dosimeter methods.Results.— Sixteen of 20 patients and 2 of 5 control subjects were women. Mean ages were 37.5 (19‐56) and 33.8 (26‐43) years, respectively. Methacholine bronchoprovocation test was positive in 3 patients (15%) but was normal in all controls (0%).Conclusions.— The relationship between MwoA and bronchial hyper‐reactivity may help to postulate the inflammation in migraine as an underlying mechanism.
Long‐Term Tolerability of Telcagepant for Acute Treatment of Migraine in a Randomized Trial
Authors: Connor Kathryn M. , Aurora Sheena K. , Loeys Tom , Ashina Messoud , Jones Christopher , Giezek Hilde , Massaad Rachid , Williams‐Diaz Angela , Lines Christopher , Ho Tony W. 
Published: November 2010

(Headache 2011;51:73‐84)Objective.— To evaluate the long‐term tolerability of telcagepant for acute treatment of intermittent migraine attacks.Background.— Telcagepant is a calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist being investigated for the acute treatment of migraine.Methods.— Migraine patients were randomized 2:1 to double‐blind treatment with telcagepant 280/300 mg or rizatriptan 10 mg for an acute mild, moderate, or severe migraine. Patients could administer a second dose within 2‐24 hours for nonresponse or migraine recurrence. Patients could treat up to 8 attacks per month for up to 18 months. Safety assessments included spontaneous reports of adverse events and collection of vital signs, electrocardiograms, and laboratory assessments. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with ≥1 triptan‐related adverse events in the 14‐day period post dose.Results.— Of 1068 patients randomized, 641 (90%) patients treated ≥1 attack with telcagepant and 313 (88%) treated ≥1 attack with rizatriptan. A total of 19,820 attacks were treated with telcagepant (mean per patient = 31) and 10,981 with rizatriptan (mean per patient = 35). Fewer triptan‐related adverse events (difference: −6.2%; 95% CI −10.4, −2.6; P < .001) and drug‐related adverse events (difference: −15.6%; 95% CI −22.2, −9.0) were reported for telcagepant vs rizatriptan. The most common adverse events appeared to have generally similar incidence proportions between the treatment groups. Those with an incidence >5% in the telcagepant group were dry mouth (9.7%, rizatriptan = 13.7%), somnolence (9.2%, rizatriptan = 16.6%), dizziness (8.9%, rizatriptan = 10.2%), and nausea (9.0%, rizatriptan = 6.4%).Conclusions.— Telcagepant was generally well tolerated when administered for the acute intermittent treatment of migraine for up to 18 months. The incidences of triptan‐related and drug‐related adverse events favored telcagepant over rizatriptan.
Melatonin inhibits microglial activation, reduces pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels, and rescues hippocampal neurons of adult rats with acute Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis
Authors: Wu Un‐In , Mai Fu‐Der , Sheu Ji‐Nan , Chen Li‐You , Liu Yu‐Ting , Huang Hai‐Cheng , Chang Hung‐Ming 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  Acute bacterial meningitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a major health threat with a high mortality rate and severe neuro‐cognitive sequelae. The intense pro‐inflammatory cytokine released from calcium‐mediated microglial activation plays an important role in eliciting neuronal damage in the hippocampal region. Considering melatonin possesses anti‐inflammatory and immuno‐modulatory properties, the present study determined whether melatonin can effectively decrease inflammatory responses and prevent hippocampal damage in animals subjected to K. pneumoniae. Adult rats inoculated with K. pneumoniae received a melatonin injection immediately thereafter at doses of 5, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg. Following 24 h of survival, all experimental animals were processed for time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (for detecting glial calcium intensity), isolectin‐B4 histochemistry (reliable marker for microglial activation), pro‐inflammatory cytokine measurement as well as cytochrome oxidase and in situ dUTP end‐labeling (representing neuronal bio‐energetic status and apoptotic changes, respectively). Results indicate that in K. pneumoniae‐infected rats, numerous calcium‐enriched microglia, enhanced pro‐inflammatory cytokine, and various apoptotic neurons with low bio‐energetic activity were detected in hippocampus. Following melatonin administration, however, all parameters including glial calcium intensity, microglial activation, pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels, and number of apoptotic neurons were successfully decreased with maximal change observed at a melatonin dose of 100 mg/kg. Enzymatic data corresponded well with above findings in which all surviving neurons displayed high bio‐energetic activity. As effectively reducing glia‐mediated inflammatory response is neuro‐protective to hippocampal neurons, the present study supports the clinical use of melatonin as a potential therapeutic agent to counteract K. pneumoniae meningitis‐induced neuro‐cognitive damage.
Regulation of Thermogenesis in Plants: The Interaction of Alternative Oxidase and Plant Uncoupling Mitochondrial Protein
Authors: Zhu Yan , Lu Jianfei , Wang Jing , Chen Fu , Leng Feifan , Li Hongyu 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Thermogenesis is a process of heat production in living organisms. It is rare in plants, but it does occur in some species of angiosperm. The heat is generated via plant mitochondrial respiration. As possible involvement in thermogenesis of mitochondrial factors, alternative oxidases (AOXs) and plant uncoupling mitochondrial proteins (PUMPs) have been well studied. AOXs and PUMPs are ubiquitously present in the inner membrane of plant mitochondria. They serve as two major energy dissipation systems that balance mitochondrial respiration and uncoupled phosphorylation by dissipating the H+ redox energy and proton electrochemical gradient (ΔμH+) as heat, respectively. AOXs and PUMPs exert similar physiological functions during homeothermic heat production in thermogenic plants. AOXs have five isoforms, while PUMPs have six. Both AOXs and PUMPs are encoded by small nuclear multigene families. Multiple isoforms are expressed in different tissues or organs. Extensive studies have been done in the area of thermogenesis in higher plants. In this review, we focus on the involvement and regulation of AOXs and PUMPs in thermogenesis.
Pretreatment with H2O2 Alleviates Aluminum‐induced Oxidative Stress in Wheat Seedlings
Authors: Xu Fang Jie , Jin Chong Wei , Liu Wen Jing , Zhang Yong Song , Lin Xian Yong 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a key reactive oxygen species (ROS) in signal transduction pathways leading to activation of plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we investigated the effects of H2O2 pretreatment on aluminum (Al) induced antioxidant responses in root tips of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, Yangmai‐5 (Al‐sensitive) and Jian‐864 (Al‐tolerant). Al increased accumulation of H2O2 and O2•− leading to more predominant lipid peroxidation, programmed cell death and root elongation inhibition in Yangmai‐5 than in Jian‐864. However, H2O2 pretreatment alleviated Al‐induced deleterious effects in both genotypes. Under Al stress, H2O2 pretreatment increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase as well as the levels of ascorbate and glutathione more significantly in Yangmai‐5 than in Jian‐864. Furthermore, H2O2 pretreatment also increased the total antioxidant capacity evaluated as the 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl‐radical scavenging activity and the ferric reducing/antioxidant power more significantly in Yangmai‐5 than in Jian‐864. Therefore, we conclude that H2O2 pretreatment improves wheat Al acclimation during subsequent Al exposure by enhancing the antioxidant defense capacity, which prevents ROS accumulation, and that the enhancement is greater in the Al‐sensitive genotype than in the Al‐tolerant genotype.
Control of Lipid Oxidation in Extruded Salmon Jerky Snacks
Authors: Kong Jian , Perkins L. Brian , Dougherty Michael P. , Camire Mary Ellen 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  A shelf‐life study was conducted to evaluate the effect of antioxidants on oxidative stability of extruded jerky‐style salmon snacks. Deterioration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) due to lipid oxidation is a major concern for this healthy snack. A control jerky with no added antioxidants and 4 jerkies with antioxidants (rosemary, mixed tocopherols, tertiary butylhydroquinone, and ascorbyl palmitate) added as 0.02% of the lipid content were extruded in duplicate in a Coperion ZSK‐25 twin screw extruder. Salmon jerkies from each formulation were placed in 3 mil barrier pouches, flushed with nitrogen, and stored at 35 °C and 75% relative humidity. Lipid oxidation was evaluated as by peroxide value and malonaldehyde content. Other chemical analyses included total fatty acid composition, lipid content, moisture, water activity, pH, and salt. Astaxanthin and CIE L*, a*, b* color were also analyzed at 4‐wk intervals. Rosemary inhibited peroxide formation better than did other antioxidants at week 8; no treatment inhibited malonaldehyde levels. All jerkies had lower astaxanthin levels after 8 wk, but rosemary‐treated jerky had higher pigment concentrations than did the control at weeks 4 and 8. Protection of omega‐3 lipids in these extruded jerkies must be improved to offer consumers a convenient source of these healthful lipids.Practical Application:  Salmon flesh can be extruded to produce a jerky that provides 410 mg of omega‐3 lipids per serving. Natural antioxidants such as rosemary should be added at levels over 0.02% of the lipid content to help control lipid oxidation. Astaxanthin and CIE a* values correlated well with lipid stability and could be used to monitor quality during storage if initial values are known.
How beneficial is bacterial prophylaxis to periodontal health?
Authors: Reddy Manchala Sesha , Narendera Babu Mandalapu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe term “probiotics” has become common among general practitioners. There has been an explosion in the interest regarding this topic, which is reflected in the number of scientific publications. The World Health Organization defined probiotics as: “Living microorganisms which when administered in adequate amount confirms a health benefit on the host”. Probiotics have been studied extensively in the gastrointestinal tract for their health‐promoting effects and have shown promising results.However, in recent times, probiotics have also been used in periodontal health and have shown promising results in controlling gastrointestinal tract infections.Probiotics have potential, but as with many other clinical situations, multicenter or randomized, controlled studies on humans are still required before they can be recommended as prophylaxis for caries or periodontal disease.In the present study, we review the effects of probiotics on maintaining periodontal health. Relevant studies were identified from 1970 to February 2010 using Old Medline, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar.