bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bovine trophoblastic cell differentiation and binucleation involves enhanced endogenous retrovirus element expression
Authors: Koshi Katsuo , Suzuki Yasunori , Nakaya Yuki , Imai Kei , Hosoe Misa , Takahashi Toru , Kizaki Keiichiro , Miyazawa Takayuki , Hashizume Kazuyoshi 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
Endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope (env) genes are involved in the differentiation of trophoblastic cells in humans and mice. However, there is limited information about their roles in ruminant trophoblastic cells. Thus, we attempted to explore the possible roles of ERV elements in the binucleation of bovine trophoblastic cells using in vitro bovine trophoblastic (BT) cell lines.

Methods
In this study, blastocysts and elongated embryos were obtained from Japanese Black cows, and endometrial and fetal membrane tissues were collected from day 17 to 37 of gestation. The gene expression levels of four ERV elements, bERVE (bovine endogenous retrovirus envelope element-like transcript) -A, bERVE–B, BERV (bovine endogenous retrovirus) -K1 env, and BERV-K2 env, were analyzed in the fetal and endometrial tissue and cultured BT cell lines using quantitative RT-PCR. On-Matrigel gel and on-collagen gel culturing were used to induce binucleate cell (BNC) formation in the BT cell lines. How the culture conditions affected the expression of BNC-specific genes and ERV elements was examined by quantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry.

Results

bERVE-A, bERVE–B, BERV-K1 env, and BERV-K2 env were expressed in almost all BT cell lines; however, only bERVE-A and BERV-K1 env were detected in trophoblastic tissues during the peri-implantation period. In the on-Matrigel cultures, the expression levels of BNC-specific genes and molecules were enhanced in the BT cells. The expression levels of bERVE-A and BERV-K1 env were also increased in the BT cells during on-Matrigel culturing. The BT cell expression levels of these ERV elements were consistent with those of BNC-specific genes during on-Matrigel culturing (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
These results suggest that bERVE-A and BERV-K1 env are involved in the expression of BNC-specific genes and the progression of bovine trophoblastic cell binucleation, as their expression levels increased during periods of increased BNC-specific molecule expression, which is strongly suggestive of the development of BNC from mononucleate trophoblastic cells. The on-Matrigel culture system is a convenient in vitro tool for studying bovine trophoblastic cell lineages.
PEGylation, increasing specific activity and multiple dosing as strategies to improve the risk-benefit profile of targeted radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-DOTA-bombesin analogues
Authors: Däpp Simone , Müller Cristina , Garayoa Elisa García , Bläuenstein Peter , Maes Veronique , Brans Luc , Tourwé Dirk A , Schibli Roger 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
Radiolabelled bombesin (BN) conjugates are promising radiotracers for imaging and therapy of breast and prostate tumours, in which BN2/gastrin-releasing peptide receptors are overexpressed. We describe the influence of the specific activity of a 177Lu-DOTA-PEG5k-Lys-B analogue on its therapeutic efficacy and compare it with its non-PEGylated counterpart.

Methods
Derivatisation of a stabilised DOTA-BN(7–14)[Cha13,Nle14] analogue with a linear PEG molecule of 5 kDa (PEG5k) was performed by PEGylation of the ϵ-amino group of a β3hLys-βAla-βAla spacer between the BN sequence and the DOTA chelator. The non-PEGylated and the PEGylated analogues were radiolabelled with 177Lu. In vitro evaluation was performed in human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells, and in vivo studies were carried out in nude mice bearing PC-3 tumour xenografts. Different specific activities of the PEGylated BN analogue and various dose regimens were evaluated concerning their therapeutic efficacy.

Results
The specificity and the binding affinity of the BN analogue for BN2/GRP receptors were only slightly reduced by PEGylation. In vitro binding kinetics of the PEGylated analogue was slower since steady-state condition was reached after 4 h. PEGylation improved the stability of BN conjugate in vitro in human plasma by a factor of 5.6. The non-PEGylated BN analogue showed favourable pharmacokinetics already, i.e. fast blood clearance and renal excretion, but PEGylation improved the in vivo behaviour further. One hour after injection, the tumour uptake of the PEG5k-BN derivative was higher compared with that of the non-PEGylated analogue (3.43 ± 0.63% vs. 1.88 ± 0.4% ID/g). Moreover, the increased tumour retention resulted in a twofold higher tumour accumulation at 24 h p.i., and increased tumour-to-non-target ratios (tumour-to-kidney, 0.6 vs. 0.4; tumour-to-liver, 8.8 vs. 5.9, 24 h p.i.). In the therapy study, both 177Lu-labelled BN analogues significantly inhibited tumour growth. The therapeutic efficacy was highest for the PEGylated derivative of high specific activity administered in two fractions (2 × 20 MBq = 40 MBq) at day 0 and day 7 (73% tumour growth inhibition, 3 weeks after therapy).

Conclusions
PEGylation and increasing the specific activity enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of a 177Lu-labelled BN-based radiopharmaceutical and provide a protocol for targeted radionuclide therapy with a beneficial anti-tumour effectiveness and a favourable risk-profile at the same time.
Polymerization of Glutenin during Grain Development and Quality Expression in Winter Wheat in Response to Irrigation Levels
Authors: Jia Dianyong , Dai Xinglong , He Mingrong 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTChanges in the content and size distribution of glutenin were monitored using size‐exclusion‐high performance liquid chromatography (SE‐HPLC) during grain filling under field conditions in two seasons. Effects of irrigation levels on the constituent polypeptides (high molecular weight and low molecular weight glutenin unit), polymerization index (the percentage of sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS]‐insoluble glutenins in total glutenins) of glutenin, glutenin macropolymer (GMP) particle size, dough mixing properties, and baking quality were examined. Drought or excess watering led to a reduced polymerization index at maturity resulting from modification of grain desiccation and accumulation of SDS‐insoluble glutenin. Glutenin particle size at maturity decreased under drought or excess watering and was associated with reduced ratio of a high molecular weight glutenin subunit to a low molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW‐GS:LMW‐GS). The polymerization index of glutenin and GMP particle size were significantly positively correlated to dough stability times and loaf volume whereas no significant correlation existed among flour protein content, wet gluten content, dough stability times, and loaf volume. Therefore, dough mixing properties and baking quality were affected by irrigation levels mainly through changing the polymerization index of glutenin and GMP particle size in flour.
Leaf Photosynthesis, Growth, and Seed Chemicals of Sacha Inchi Plants Cultivated Along an Altitude Gradient
Authors: Cai Z. Q. , Jiao D. Y. , Tang S. X. , Dao X. S. , Lei Y. B. , Cai C. T. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTSacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is known to naturally grow under a wide range of elevational gradients in South America. We assessed the combined effects of altitude (560, 900, 1200, and 1490 m asl) and season on leaf‐ and whole‐plant traits and seed chemicals of sacha inchi plants in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China, to explore the optimum altitudinal zone for its cultivation. Leaf maximum net photosynthetic rate (Amax), stomatal conductance (gs), and dark respiration (Rd) were greatest in the wet season and lowest in the cool season. With similar values in the wet season between altitudes, the reduction in Amax and gs was greater in plants growing in higher elevations than in lower elevations in the cool season. Plant biomass and fruit production were highest at lower altitudes and dramatically decreased above 900 m, which can primarily be attributed to a C source limitation. Sacha inchi could be useful for cropping in cooler regions because the reproductive growth is adapted to high elevations. The oil and protein content and linolenic and unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) concentrations in seeds were highest in the cool season. With an increase in elevation, the linolenic and UFA concentrations in seeds increased. We concluded that lower altitudes (<900 m) could be the optimum zone for growth and yield of sacha inchi plants whereas seeds collected from plants growing at higher altitudes (>900 m) and in the cool season appear to have better quality.
The Facts about Sunn Hemp Toxicity
Authors: Mosjidis Jorge A. , Burke Joan M. , Hess Joseph B. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTSunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is an annual plant widely grown in the tropics. The genus Crotalaria includes some species known to be toxic to animals. Development of seed‐producing cultivars for the continental United States at Auburn University, AL, has raised the question of whether its seeds and forage are toxic. This review will present the evidence reported in the literature on the presence of toxic compounds in sunn hemp seed and foliage and other Crotalaria species found in the United States and their effect on animals. Results from research on sunn hemp demonstrate it is a valuable source of forage without toxic effects. The seed does not cause acute toxicity to domestic animals because it has only a small amount of the toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids characteristic of the genus Crotalaria. Therefore, its presence as a feed contaminant does not pose a problem. However, sunn hemp seed should not be incorporated in animal diets because, depending on the amount in the diet and the length of time that the diet is fed, it may cause weight loss and potential death. Conflicting reports found in the literature regarding seed toxicity of C. juncea appear to be caused by the amount of seed included in the diet, length of time the diet was fed, and animal species that consumed it. Statements indicating that sunn hemp forage is toxic seem to be due to misinterpretation of the literature and unwarranted extension of the toxicity problems found in other Crotalaria species to sunn hemp.
Weeping Lovegrass Yield and Nutritive Value Provides an Alternative to Beef Cattle Feeding in Semiarid Environments of Argentina
Authors: Luciani Gabriela , Sobanski Manfredo , Meier Mauro , Polci Pablo , Miranda Rubén , Echenique Viviana 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTWeeping lovegrass [Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees] supports extensive beef cattle operations in arid and semiarid environments worldwide. This perennial grass is preferred in low production areas of Argentina because it has a high biomass production with minimal management requirements. Therefore, we evaluated yield and nutritional value of seven different cultivars and accessions of weeping lovegrass in a field experiment during two consecutive years (2008/2009 and 2009/2010). Two tetraploid cultivars (Tanganyika and Morpa), three hexaploid cultivars (Don Pablo, Don Juan, and Don Eduardo), and two accessions (UNST9355 and UNST9446) were included in a complete randomized block design. To evaluate yield and nutritional value, dry weight, leaf length, crown diameter, crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin were determined. Biomass and IVDMD data indicated that hexaploid cultivars performed better than tetraploid ones under limiting environmental conditions observed throughout the study. Therefore, we concluded that breeding programs could select suitable parents from hexaploid cultivars such as Don Pablo and UNST9446 to be used in arid environments while tetraploid cultivars such as Tanganyika and Morpa could be used in environments with less water restrictions.
In vitro Shoot Proliferation and Plant Regeneration of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees. a Rare Medicinal Shrub of Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan A.K. M. Sayeed , Begum Nadira , Sultana Rebeka , Khatun Rahima 
Published: June 2012

An efficient protocol was developed for shoot proliferation and plant regeneration of Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees. (Acanthaceae) - a rare medicinal shrub of Bangladesh, through in vitro culture using shoot tip and nodal explants. Best shoot induction was observed on MS with 1.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA, in which 84.2% of nodal explants responded to produce maximum number (12.4 ± 0.66) of shoots per culture. In vitro raised shoots rooted on half-strength MS with 0.5 mg/l IBA + 0.5 mg/l NAA. For acclimation and transplantation, the plantlets in the rooting culture tubes were kept in normal room temperature for 7 days before transplanting in pots where plantlets were reared for three weeks. The survival rate of regenerated plantlets was 85%. Key words: Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus, Shoot proliferation, Plant regeneration D. O. I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i2.10236 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(2): 135-141, 2011 (December)
Lentil Regeneration from Cotyledon Explant Bearing a Small Part of the Embryo Axis
Authors: Tavallaie F. Zaker , Ghareyazie B. , Bagheri A. , Sharma K.K. 
Published: June 2012

The effect of external BAP on explants including leaflets, stems, cotyledons with and without embryo axis of lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) were tested on the frequency of shoot induction. The effect of different levels and combinations of various cytokinins on multiple shoot induction and elongation of shoots were compared. The effect of explant age and pH of media were also tested on shoot induction from various explants. Finally, the effect of IBA, IAA, and NAA on root induction of elongated shoots were examined. Optimum conditions for root emergence and growth and the hardening of seedlings were determined. Cotyledon with small part of the embryo axis was the superior explant. Shoot induction from the explants was enhanced by inclusion of BAP in the seed germination medium. The highest shoot induction (up to 96%) was obtained on MS with 7.5 µM 2-ip, 4 µM kn, and 2 µM TDZ. Over 80% of the elongated shoots produced roots in solid 1/4 BS media with 50 µM NAA for 3 days followed by 10 days in a mixture of liquid 1/4 BS, vermiculite and sand. Root development and hardening of the seedlings was achieved by using a hydroponics system containing Arnons solution. Tissue culture derived plants were transplanted to the greenhouse where the seeds were harvested after about 4 months. Key words: regeneration, Cotyledon, Embryo axis, Lentil, Lens culinaris D. O. I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i2.10240 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(2): 169-180, 2011 (December)
Prophylactic Intramedullary Fixation for Bisphosphonate-related Subtrochanteric Stress Fracture
Authors: Fowler John R. , Criner Katharine , Craig Matthew R. 
Published: June 2012

Bisphosphonates are the most widely used medication to treat osteoporosis. Recent reports have documented an association between chronic bisphosphonate use and femoral insufficiency fractures. This article describes an 84-year-old woman with a diagnosis of osteoporosis treated with bisphosphonate medications for 9 years. She presented with left groin pain, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a subtrochanteric femoral stress fracture. Operative and nonoperative management was discussed with the patient, and she chose to undergo prophylactic intramedullary nailing of the left femur. Six months postoperatively, she was asymptomatic and ambulating without assistive devices.
This article describes successful management of a bisphosphonate-related femoral insufficiency fracture. The presence of groin or thigh pain in a patient taking bisphosphonates should alert the physician to the possibility of insufficiency fracture of the proximal femur, and plain radiographs should be obtained. If these radiographs show lateral cortical thickening, consideration should be given to prophylactic intramedullary femoral nailing. The risks and benefits of prophylactic fixation vs conservative management should be discussed with the patient. A recent series showed a high failure rate with conservative treatment of these fractures. A dialogue with the primary care physician should be initiated to determine the necessity of bisphosphonate therapy, and, if deemed necessary, an alternative class of medications should be considered.
Distal Radioulnar Joint Volar Instability After Ligament Reconstruction Failure Treated with Sigmoid Notch Osteotomy
Authors: Kim Byung-Sung , Song Hyun-Seok , Jung Koo-Hwang , Kim Hyung-Tae 
Published: June 2012

Because osseous abnormalities result in distal radioulnar joint instability, a sigmoid notch osteotomy is used to restore stability. This article describes a case of distal radioulnar joint volar instability treated with sigmoid notch osteotomy of the volar rim.
A 22-year-old man presented with a 9-month history of right wrist pain with volar instability after a fall, which was treated conservatively. He reported a history of remote trauma when he was 7 years old but had been asymptomatic since then. Four months later, he underwent anatomical distal radioulnar joint ligament reconstruction at another hospital after a diagnosis of distal radioulnar joint instability, but the instability had persisted.
Computed tomography revealed dynamic volar subluxation of the ulnar head with hypoplasia and a flattened volar lip of the sigmoid notch. Therefore, a sigmoid notch osteotomy of the volar rim was performed. Postoperatively, an above-elbow cast was applied with forearm pronation for 6 weeks. Six months later, the patient had regained 60° of supination and 70° of pronation. He reported minor pain and no instability. Computed tomography scan at 6 months postoperatively revealed union of the osteotomy site and confirmed the maintenance of reduction. The patient returned to work.
Treatment of Femoral Fracture Nonunion After Long-term Bisphosphonate Use
Authors: Grady Mary K. , Watson J. Tracy , Cannada Lisa K. 
Published: June 2012

Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs that prevent bone loss by decreasing bone resorption. They represent a major treatment for osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases. Recent reports suggest that a potential complication of long-term bisphosphonate therapy may be atypical insufficiency fractures of the femur. Concern exists about delayed union after fracture stabilization in patients taking bisphosphonates.
This article describes 2 patients on long-term bisphosphonate therapy treated for atypical femur fractures that failed to heal with intramedullary nailing. Both patients’ fractures occurred after at least 4.5 years of bisphosphonate use and displayed classic findings of bisphosphonate fractures reported in the literature, including a subtrochanteric location, presentation after minimal trauma, transverse fracture, no comminution, and cortical beaking. The original fractures were treated at other institutions with intramedullary nails. Subsequently, both patients presented with pain and atrophic nonunion of their fractures. Evaluation included a computed tomography scan of the fracture and a metabolic workup. The patients discontinued bisphosphonate therapy. They were treated with nail removal and definitive plating to achieve compression across the fracture site. Both fractures went on to heal after this treatment with no further complications.
The literature currently recommends treating bisphosphonate fractures with an intramedullary nail. Perhaps initial treatment of these fractures should be similar to an atrophic nonunion, involving compression plating to obtain bone-on-bone contact and promote healing. This would address the biologic and mechanical etiologies of the bisphosphonate fracture.
Thoracic Vertebral Body Fracture After Total Hip Replacement in Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
Authors: Königshausen Matthias , Dudda Marcel , Merle Christian , Schildhauer Thomas Armin , Fehmer Tobias 
Published: June 2012

This article describes the critical clinical sequelae of a patient with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis who sustained an acute iatrogenic thoracic vertebral body fracture with subsequent spinal cord injury after a total hip replacement, with a final lethal course.
A 57-year-old woman was referred to the authors’ institution after undergoing a total hip replacement in the supine position for secondary osteoarthritis. Postoperatively, the patient had symptoms of an incomplete paraplegia. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and an acute unstable fracture of T11 with spinal contusion. A posterior spinal fusion of T10-L1 with laminectomy of T11 was performed immediately on admission. Postoperatively, no improvement of the neurological deficit was observed. After developing multiorgan failure while in intensive care, the patient died 2 months after the total hip replacement.
The morphological and functional symptoms of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis with the typical ossification of the longitudinal ligaments and the associated loss of bending forces of the spine were detected postoperatively. This severe case demonstrates that the surgeon must be alert to possible complications due to intraoperative maneuvers in patients with stiffened spinal disorders undergoing total hip replacement.
Vertebral Locking Lesion Following Cervical Spine Fracture in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Kuroiwa Tomoyuki , Yoshii Toshitaka , Sakaki Kyohei , Inose Hiroyuki , Tomizawa Shoji , Kato Tsuyoshi , Kawabata Shigenori , Shinomiya Kenichi , Okawa Atsushi 
Published: June 2012

Spine fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis frequently extend to all 3 columns, which can lead to displacement and deformity with severe instability. Cervical spine fractures occasionally cause severe kyphotic deformities, such as chin-on-chest deformities. In such cases, the patients typically exhibit a chronic progression of hyperkyphosis after the traumatic event. This article describes a unique case of ankylosing spondylitis associated with an acute chin-on-chest deformity following a spine fracture due to a vertebral locking lesion.
A 60-year-old man fell while walking and sustained a compression fracture of the C6 vertebra. Two weeks later, the patient acutely developed an inability to raise his head, difficulties with chewing and swallowing, and a horizontal gaze. Radiographs demonstrated a severe kyphosis in the cervical spine with a locking lesion between the anterior wall of the C5 and C6 vertebrae. The patient also presented with neurological impairment in his hands. Because the anterior approach to the spine was anatomically impossible, halo traction was initially applied under a close observation of neurological symptoms. Three days after halo traction, release of the vertebral locking lesion and realignment of the spine were seen. The patient subsequently underwent spinal fusion using a combined anterior–posterior approach.
Postoperatively, neurological dysfunction improved, and solid fusion was confirmed at 6 months. In cases of acute kyphotic deformity following cervical spine fracture in ankylosing spondylitis patients, halo traction followed by circumferential spine fusion is a safe and effective approach for improving the alignment and stability of the spine.
Intraocular Lens Explantation Technique for One-piece Acrylic Lenses
Authors: Henderson Bonnie A. , Yang E. Bo 
Published: June 2012

PURPOSE:
To present a simple technique to remove a one-piece, acrylic AcrySof (Alcon Laboratories Inc) intraocular lens (IOL) via the original incision.

METHODS:
The AcrySof IOL is removed via the original (2.75-mm) incision, without cutting or folding the IOL or widening the incision. After the IOL is viscodissected from the capsular bag and brought into the anterior chamber, toothed forceps hold the optic through the incision while the manipulator enters the side-port incision and hooks onto the optic 180° away.

RESULTS:
With the forceps pulling and the lens manipulator pushing the IOL toward the incision, the IOL will fold and be delivered.

CONCLUSIONS:
A one-piece, acrylic (Acrysof) IOL can be removed without cutting or folding the lens and without widening the original 2.75-mm incision.