bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and dynamics of an Arp2/3 complex‐independent component of the lamellipodial actin network
Authors: Henson John H. , Cheung David , Fried Christopher A. , Shuster Charles B. , McClellan Mary K. , Voss Meagen K. , Sheridan John T. , Oldenbourg Rudolf 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSea urchin coelomocytes contain an unusually broad lamellipodial region and have served as a useful model experimental system for studying the process of actin‐based retrograde/centripetal flow. In the current study the small molecule drug 2,3‐butanedione monoxime (BDM) was employed as a means of delocalizing the Arp2/3 complex from the cell edge in an effort to investigate the Arp2/3 complex‐independent aspects of retrograde flow. Digitally‐enhanced phase contrast, fluorescence and polarization light microscopy, along with rotary shadow transmission electron microscopy methods demonstrated that BDM treatment resulted in the centripetal displacement of the Arp2/3 complex and the associated dendritic lamellipodial (LP) actin network from the cell edge. In its wake there remained an array of elongate actin filaments organized into concave arcs that displayed retrograde flow at approximately one quarter the normal rate. Actin polymerization inhibitor experiments indicated that these arcs were generated by polymerization at the cell edge, while active myosin‐based contraction in BDM treated cells was demonstrated by localization with antiphospho‐myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) antibody, the retraction of the cytoskeleton in the presence of BDM, and the response of the BDM arcs to laser‐based severing. The results suggest that BDM treatment reveals an Arp2/3 complex‐independent actin structure in coelomocytes consisting of elongate filaments integrated into the LP network and that these filaments represent a potential connection between the LP network and the central cytoskeleton. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrated data from 2 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 trials of active cellular immunotherapy with sipuleucel‐T in advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Higano Celestia S. , Schellhammer Paul F. , Small Eric J. , Burch Patrick A. , Nemunaitis John , Yuh Lianng , Provost Nicole , Frohlich Mark W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Sipuleucel‐T is an investigational active cellular immunotherapy product designed to stimulate an immune response against prostate cancer. The safety and efficacy of sipuleucel‐T was evaluated in 2 identically designed, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials (D9901 and D9902A) conducted in men with advanced prostate cancer.METHODS:A total of 225 patients were randomized in D9901 or D9902A to sipuleucel‐T (n = 147) or placebo (n = 78), given as 3 intravenous infusions approximately 2 weeks apart. Patients were followed for survival until death or a prespecified cutoff of 36 months after randomization.RESULTS:In the integrated analysis of D9901 and D9902A, patients randomized to sipuleucel‐T demonstrated a 33% reduction in the risk of death (hazard ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.10‐2.05; P = .011; log‐rank). The treatment effect remained strong after performing adjustments for imbalances in baseline prognostic factors, poststudy treatment chemotherapy use, and non–prostate cancer‐related deaths. Additional support for the activity of sipuleucel‐T is provided by the correlation between a measure of the product's potency, CD54 up‐regulation, and overall survival. The most common adverse events associated with treatment were chills, pyrexia, headache, asthenia, dyspnea, vomiting, and tremor. These events were primarily grade 1 and 2, with durations of 1 to 2 days.CONCLUSIONS:The integrated results of D9901 and D9902A demonstrate a survival benefit for patients treated with sipuleucel‐T compared with those treated with placebo. The generally modest toxicity profile, coupled with the survival benefit, suggests a favorable risk‐benefit ratio for sipuleucel‐T in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Vinflunine in platinum‐pretreated patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Vaughn David J. , Srinivas Sandy , Stadler Walter M. , Pili Roberto , Petrylak Daniel , Sternberg Cora N. , Smith David C. , Ringuette Sarah , de Wit Edwin , Pautret Virginie , George Claude 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The activity and safety of vinflunine was evaluated in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) who developed disease progression within 12 months of platinum‐containing chemotherapy.METHODS:Patients with UC were eligible if they received a prior platinum‐based regimen in the neoadjuvant/adjuvant setting or as first‐line treatment for advanced/metastatic disease and had developed disease progression within 12 months. Vinflunine was administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Patients with Karnofsky performance status of 80 or 90, impaired renal function, prior pelvic irradiation, or age ≥75 years received an initial dose of 280 mg/m2, which was escalated to 320 mg/m2 in Cycle 2 if well tolerated. All other patients received an initial dose of 320 mg/m2. The primary endpoint was response rate defined by an independent response review committee (IRRC).RESULTS:Per the IRRC, 22 patients achieved a partial response, with a response rate of 15% (95% confidence interval, 9%‐21%) with a median duration of response of 6.0 months. Sixty‐four (42%) patients had stable disease. The median progression‐free survival was 2.8 months, and the median overall survival was 8.2 months. Myelosuppression was the most frequent adverse event, with grade 3 of 4 (adverse events were evaluated according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria [version 2.0] guidelines) neutropenia reported in 58% of the patients. Grade 3 of 4 febrile neutropenia occurred in 10 (7%) patients. Nonhematologic treatment‐related events (grade 3 of 4) were generally manageable and included constipation (17%), asthenia/fatigue (13%), ileus (5%), and abdominal pain (5%). No cumulative toxicity was observed.CONCLUSIONS:Vinflunine demonstrates moderate activity in patients with platinum‐pretreated UC. Toxicity is manageable and noncumulative. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Trends in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma incidence and survival in the United States, 1975‐2005
Authors: Ognjanovic Simona , Linabery Amy M. , Charbonneau Bridget , Ross Julie A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents aged <20 years; its etiology remains largely unknown. It is believed that embryonal (ERMS) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS), the most common subtypes, arise through distinct biologic mechanisms. The authors of this report evaluated incidence and survival trends by RMS demographic subgroups to inform future etiologic hypotheses.METHODS:Incidence and survival trends in RMS among children and adolescents aged <20 years were analyzed using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Frequencies, age‐adjusted incidence and survival rates, and joinpoint regression results, including annual percentage change (APC) and 95% confidence interval (CI), were calculated.RESULTS:Between 1975 and 2005, the incidence of ERMS was stable, whereas a significant increase in the incidence of ARMS was observed (APC, 4.20%; 95%CI, 2.60%‐5.82%). This trend may have been attributable in part to shifts in diagnosis, because a significant negative trend in RMS, not otherwise specified was observed concurrently. A bimodal age peak for ERMS was observed, with the second, smaller peak in adolescence noted for males only; ARMS incidence did not vary by age or sex. Five‐year survival rates for RMS and ERMS increased during the period from 1976 to 1980 (52.7% and 60.9%, respectively) to the period from 1996 to 2000 (61.8% and 73.4%, respectively), whereas there was little improvement for ARMS (40.1% and 47.8%, respectively).CONCLUSIONS:Observed differences in incidence and survival for 2 major RMS subtypes across sex and age subgroups further supported the hypothesis that there are unique underlying etiologies for these tumors. Exploration of these differences presents an opportunity to increase current knowledge of RMS. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Colon cancer screening practices and disclosure after receipt of positive or inconclusive genetic test results for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
Authors: Ersig Anne L. , Hadley Donald W. , Koehly Laura M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patients who receive conclusive genetic test results for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) tend to adopt appropriate colorectal cancer screening behaviors and disclose their test results. However, little is known about the disclosure processes or screening behaviors of individuals who receive inconclusive genetic test results. This study compared endoscopy use and disclosure between individuals with positive and inconclusive genetic test results, within a year after results were received.METHODS:Individuals with a personal history of cancer and suspected of having HNPCC participated in genetics education and counseling, underwent HNPCC testing, and received genetic test results (GCT) within a prospective cohort study. Demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral data were obtained from questionnaires and interviews completed before and after GCT.RESULTS:Index cases with inconclusive genetic test results were less likely to screen within 12 months. Index cases who disclosed test results to children within 6 months were more likely to screen within 12 months, controlling for mutation status. Index cases with inconclusive genetic test results were less likely to share results with a healthcare provider within 6 months. Index cases who disclosed genetic test results to healthcare providers within 6 months were more likely to have endoscopy within 12 months.CONCLUSIONS:Genetic test results and disclosure significantly affected colon cancer screening at 12‐month follow‐up. Interventions to improve adherence to colorectal cancer screening should consider increased education of those receiving inconclusive results and encourage disclosure to healthcare providers and family members. Cancer 2009. Published 2009 by the American Cancer Society.
Divergent cancer pathways for early‐onset and late‐onset cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Anderson William F. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Tucker Margaret A. , Rosenberg Philip S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Emerging data suggest that cutaneous malignant melanomas (CMM) may arise through divergent cancer pathways that are linked to intermittent versus accumulated sun exposure. However, numerous questions remain regarding the timing and/or age of exposure.METHODS:The authors systematically examined the effect of aging on CMM incidence in data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute. Standard descriptive epidemiology was supplemented with mathematical models. The impact of advancing age on CMM incidence was assessed by sex, histopathologic classification (superficial spreading melanoma [SSM] or lentigo maligna melanoma [LMM]), and anatomic site (face, head, and neck [FHN] or lower extremity [LE]).RESULTS:Sex, histopathology, and anatomic site were age‐specific effect modifiers for CMM that indicated divergent (bimodal) early‐onset and late‐onset cancer pathways. Early‐onset melanomas were associated predominantly with women, SSM, and LE. Late‐onset melanomas were correlated with men, LMM, and FHN. Early‐ and late‐onset melanoma populations were confirmed with age‐period‐cohort models that were adjusted for period and cohort effects. Two‐component mixture models also fit the data better than a single cancer population.CONCLUSIONS:The current results were consistent with a divergent and age‐dependent solar hypothesis for CMM. Early‐onset melanomas may represent gene‐sun exposure interactions that occur early (and/or intermittently) in life among susceptible individuals. Late‐onset melanomas may reflect accumulated, lifelong sun exposure in comparatively less susceptible individuals. Future analytical studies should be powered adequately to account for this age‐dependent effect modification both for acknowledged melanoma risk factors (sex, histopathology, and anatomic site) and for suspected melanoma risk factors, such as constituent genetic variants. Cancer 2009. Published 2009 by the American Cancer Society.
Solvothermal production of CdS nanorods using polyvinylpyrrolidone as a template
Authors: Thongtem Titipun , Phuruangrat Anukorn , Thongtem Somchai 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCdS nanorods were solvothermally produced using Cd(NO3)2 and S powder in ethylenediamine containing different amounts of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The phase with hexagonal structure was detected using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Their SAED patterns were in accordance with those of the simulations. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM) revealed the presence of CdS nanorods with their lengths influenced by different amounts of PVP. The nanorods were also characterized using high resolution TEM (HRTEM). They grew in the [001] direction normal to the (002) parallel crystallographic planes composing the nanorods. Raman spectra showed the 1LO (first harmonic) and 2LO (second harmonic) modes at the same wavenumbers although the products were produced under different conditions. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Single‐layered microscale linear‐gradient PDLC material for electro‐optics
Authors: Marinov Y. G. , Hadjichristov G. B. , Petrov A. G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe report on single‐layered optical material of linear‐gradient microscale polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC). E7/NOA65 composite films formed by pulsed UV laser photopolymerization‐induced phase separation exhibit two morphology types, namely a bipolar and a hybrid alignment of liquid crystal droplets. The specific structural properties of the produced PDLC layers, such as the droplet shape uniformity and alignment, as well as the droplet size control through the film thickness, facilitate the efficient control on the electro‐optical (EO) response, thus being of practical interest for EO device applications. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reply to “Comments on papers reporting IR‐spectra and other data of L‐alanine alaninium nitrate and L‐alanine sodium nitrate crystals” by M. Fleck and A. M. Petrosyan
Authors: Gopalakrishnan R. , Ramasamy P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe formation of the new compounds of L‐alanine alaninium nitrate and L‐alanine sodium nitrate has been presented with adequate explanation with the aid of the FTIR, XRD and NLO measurements as a reply to “Comments on papers reporting IR‐spectra and other data of alleged L‐Alanine Alaninium Nitrate and L‐Alanine sodium nitrate crystals by M. Fleck and A.M. Petrosyan” (Cryst. Res. Technol. 44, 769, 2009). The variation in the lattice parameters, physical properties, chemical properties and nonlinear optical behaviour from the L‐alanine ensures the formation of the new compounds L‐alanine alaninium nitrate and L‐alanine sodium nitrate. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cover Picture: Sustainability in Catalytic Oxidation: An Alternative Approach or a Structural Evolution? (ChemSusChem 6/2009)
Authors: Cavani Fabrizio , Teles Joaquim Henrique 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows a view of the BASF site in Ludwigshafen, Germany; the largest and most highly integrated chemical site in the world. Integration, also called "Verbund," is the key success factor for sustainable chemistry. Ludwigshafen is also home to BASF's central research facility, where some of today's most efficient selective oxidation processes have been developed. One recent example is the new hydrogen peroxide to propylene oxide (HPPO) process shown in the inset. It was developed at BASF in a joint effort with Dow and is now the world's largest chemical process using H2O2 as oxidant. In their Review on page 508 F. Cavani and J. H. Teles critically assess the most recent developments in industrial oxidation processes.magnified image
Modifications of haematology analyzers to improve cell counting and leukocyte differentiating in cerebrospinal fluid controls of the Joint German Society for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Kleine Tilmann O. , Nebe C. Thomas , Löwer Christa , Lehmitz Reinhard , Kruse Rolf , Geilenkeuser Wolf‐Jochen , Dorn‐Beineke Alexandra 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFlow cytometry (FCM) is used with haematology analyzers (HAs) to count cells and differentiate leukocytes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To evaluate the FCM techniques of HAs, 10 external DGKL trials with CSF controls were carried out in 2004 to 2008. Eight single platform HAs with and without CSF equipment were evaluated with living blood leukocytes and erythrocytes in CSF like DGKL controls: Coulter (LH750,755), Abbott CD3200™, CD3500™, CD3700™, CD4000™, Sapphire™, ADVIA 120® CSF assay, and Sysmex XE‐2100®. Results were compared with visual counting of native cells in Fuchs‐Rosenthal chamber, unstained, and absolute values of leukocyte differentiation, assayed by dual platform analysis with immune‐FCM (FACSCalibur™, CD45, CD14) and the chamber counts. Reference values X were compared with HA values Y by statistical evaluation with Passing/Bablock (P/B) linear regression analysis to reveal conformity of both methods. The HAs, studied, produced no valid results with DGKL CSF controls, because P/B regression revealed no conformity with the reference values due to:—blank problems with impedance analysis,—leukocyte loss with preanalytical erythrocyte lysis procedures, especially of monocytes,—inaccurate results with ADVIA cell sphering and cell differentiation with algorithms and enzyme activities (e.g., peroxidase). HA techniques have to be improved, e.g., using no erythrocyte lysis and CSF adequate techniques, to examine CSF samples precise and accurate. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Ratio analysis of cumulatives for labeled cell quantification from immunofluorescence histograms derived from cells expressing low antigen levels
Authors: Lampariello Francesco 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe problem of the quantitative analysis of immunofluorescence histograms “with weak labeling” is considered. In these distributions, the fluorescence intensity mean of labeled cells is slightly above that of unlabeled cells, and therefore there is a considerable overlap between the two populations. The procedure of selecting “by eye” an intensity level that separates labeled from unlabeled cells is evidently inadequate, leading to subjective and not reproducible results. Threshold and subtraction methods, although objective, quick, and easy to use, are also inaccurate. Till now, correct enough estimates of the percentage of labeled cells have been obtained only by applying mathematical modeling methods, that are, however, not very easy to handle. A new method for estimating the labeled cell proportion from immunofluorescence histograms is presented. It relies on the analysis of the ratio of the cumulative distributions associated with the routinely available test and negative control histograms. Since this ratio results in a well‐defined “σ‐shaped” distribution from a certain channel onwards, a suitable fitting function is used to obtain directly a preliminary estimate of the proportion of labeled cells. Then, an iterative procedure is designed for updating the estimate until it is judged acceptable, according to a suitable criterion. Moreover, to take into account the overall variability in the control data, the estimation process is repeated using the cumulatives associated with replicate negative control histograms. The accuracy of the method was tested with the same set of experimental data analyzed by means of a mathematical modeling method described in a previous article (Lampariello and Aiello, Cytometry 1998;32:241–254). There was a very good agreement between the known and estimated proportions of labeled cells, and the latter were, in many cases, even closer to the true values than those previously obtained. On the basis of the results reported, the method, which is objective, very simple, and much easier to implement than our previously proposed one, appears to be effective in the entire range of the percentage values, and to provide results independent of the acquisition precision. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
The density of GM1‐enriched lipid rafts correlates inversely with the efficiency of transfection mediated by cationic liposomes
Authors: Kovács Tamás , Kárász Andrea , Szöllősi János , Nagy Peter 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAlthough cationic liposome‐mediated transfection has become a standard procedure, the mechanistic details of the process are unknown. It has been suggested that endocytic uptake of lipoplexes is efficient, and transfectability is largely determined by later steps. In this article, we stained GM1‐enriched membrane microdomains, a subclass of lipid rafts, with subunit B of cholera toxin and correlated transfection efficiency with their density by quantitatively evaluating microscopic images. We found a strong anticorrelation between the density of GM1‐enriched membrane microdomains and the efficacy of transfection monitored by measuring the expression level of GFP in different cell lines transfected by lipofection using two different transfection agents. These findings imply that GM1‐enriched membrane microdomains interfere with the process of lipofection. The blocked step must be endocytosis since the accumulation of fluorescently labeled plasmids was lower in cells with high content of GM1‐enriched membrane microdomains. Such a correlation was not observed in cells transfected by electroporation. By comparing the efficiency of lipofection in several cell lines we found that those with a high density of GM1‐enriched membrane microdomains were the most resistant to transfection. We conclude that the inhibition of lipofection by GM1‐enriched membrane microdomains is a general rule, and that endocytosis of lipoplexes can be rate limiting in cells with high density of GM1‐enriched membrane rafts. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry