bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management Costs for Endangered Species
Authors: Wilcove David S. , Chen Linus Y. 
Published: August 2010

Many locations protected on behalf of endangered species require active management to maintain their long‐term suitability for the species in question. This need is especially acute for those endangered species threatened by alien species or the disruption of natural fire disturbance regimes. Efforts to secure adequate funding for habitat management have been hampered by the lack of cost information on a national or regional level. Based on published data and interviews with over 160 scientists and land managers, we estimate that the cost of managing currently occupied habitats of U.S. endangered species threatened by alien species or the disruption of fire regimes totals at least $32–42 million per year (1997 $U.S.). Without this level of support or more, approximately 60% of U.S. endangered species could face continued declines or extinction, even if their habitats are nominally protected.Costos del Manejo de Especies AmenazadasMuchas localidades protegidas a nombre de especies amenazadas requieren de un manejo activo para mantener la sustentabilidad a largo plazo de las especies en cuestión. Esta necesidad es especialmente aguda para aquellas especies amenazadas por especies invasoras o por la disrupción de los regimenes de perturbaciones naturales ocasionadas por incendios. Los esfuerzos para asegurar los fondos adecuados para el manejo del hábitat han sido obstaculizados por la carencia de información referente a los costos tanto a nivel nacional como de región. En base a datos publicados y entrevistas con más de 160 científicos y manejadores, estimamos que los costos de manejo de hábitats actualmente ocupados por especies amenazadas, por especies invasoras o por la disrupción de los regimenes de incendios naturales totaliza por lo menos de $32 a $42 millones por año. Sin este nivel de apoyo, aproximadamente 60% de las especies amenazadas de los Estados Unidos podría enfrentar disminuciones continuas, aún si sus hábitats se encuentran protegidos en teoría.
Predictive Factors Associated with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy at Baseline and in the Follow‐Up Period in Non‐Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Io Hiroaki , Matsumoto Mayumi , Okumura Kozue , Sato Michiko , Masuda Atsumi , Furukawa Masako , Nohara Nao , Tanimoto Mitsuo , Kodama Fumiko , Hagiwara Shinji , Gohda Tomohito , Shimizu Yoshio , Tomino Yasuhiko 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHemodialysis (HD) patients frequently have an elevated left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Currently, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and dysfunction are considered to be the strongest predictors of cardiovascular mortality in dialysis patients. The objectives of the present study are to investigate the factors associated with elevated LVMI and to discuss therapeutic implications for the treatment strategy for pre‐dialysis and HD patients. The correlation among biochemical values, physical specimens, and LVMI using echocardiography was prospectively analyzed in 30 non‐diabetic HD patients in the Juntendo University Hospital. Measurement of these parameters was performed at 0, 12, and 24 months after initiation of HD. Systolic blood pressure (SP), human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP), and hemoglobin (Hb) levels were significantly correlated with LVMI. SBP, residual glomerular filtration rate (rGFR), and serum albumin levels were identified as independent risk factors for LVMI in multivariate regression analysis at initiation of HD. SBP, hANP, and Hb levels were identified as independent risk factors for LVMI in multivariate regression analysis after 24 months. SBP, rGFR, and serum albumin levels were predictive factors for LVMI at initiation of HD. SBP, hANP, and Hb levels were also predictive factors for LVMI after initiation of HD.
Status Migrainosus: Causative and Therapeutic Aspects
Authors: Couch James R. , Diamond Seymour 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISBecause of the scarcity of information on Status Migrainosus (SM), the members of the AASH were surveyed as to (1) precipitating factors; (2) criteria to hospitalize patients; and (3) initial, (4) second‐line, (5) adjunct, and (6) follow‐up modes of therapy for SM. SM was defined as a disabling migraine headache of 72 hours duration that was refractory to usual treatment. Of 540 AASH members polled, 126 responses were received from physicians. As to precipitating events, psychiatric factors, medication abuse and withdrawal, diet, and changes in estrogen levels were mentioned most often and in that order. The major criteria to hospitalize included intense pain, nausea, vomiting, psychiatric factors, and suspicion of neurologic disease. While the therapeutic approach to SM varied; antiemetics, narcotics, prophylactic agents, ergot compounds, steroids and sedation were most often mentioned. Responses regarding follow‐up measures listed prophylactic medication, supportive psychotherapy, patient education, and rapid symptomatic therapy as the major means to prevent recurrence.
Ibuprofen Versus Aspirin and Placebo in the Treatment of Muscle Contraction Headache
Authors: Diamond Seymour 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISOne hundred eight patients with muscle contraction headaches completed a double‐blind, randomized, parallel trial in which they took either ibuprofen 400 mg, ibuprofen 800 mg, a spirin 650 mg, or placebo for four successive headaches. Acetaminophen was allowed as a rescue analgesic. Intensity of headache pain was recorded pretreatment and three hours posttreatment. A Pain Intensity Difference (PID) score was calculated from the difference. Patients on ibuprofen (both doses) and aspirin had significantly lower pain scores and higher PID scores at three‐hour follow‐up than did patients on placebo. Physician's global assessment indicated that both doses of ibuprofen were significantly superior to placebo; aspirin was not. The highest number of side effects occurred with aspirin (26 complaints), followed by placebo (11), ibuprofen 400 mg (3), and ibuprofen 800 mg (2); all were minor. These results suggest that, for the treatment of muscle contraction headache, ibuprofen is significantly more effective than placebo and at least as effective as aspirin.
A Study of Childhood Headache Using Biofeedback as a Treatment Alternative
Authors: Werder Dolores Soto , Sargent Joseph D. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISThirty‐one children between the ages of 7–17 with headache (migraine, tension, and combination) were taught biofeedback assisted self‐regulation techniques to control onset of headache and its symptoms. Headache hours per week and amount of drug usage were measured before and during treatment, at two intervals during the first year following the training (2 months and 3–12 months) and at 2–3 years after baseline for 19 of the 31 children. Twenty‐eight children were able to control 51% or more headaches after the 2‐month training period. Specifically, there was a 39% reduction in mean headache hours for tension headache Ss and a 71% reduction for the migraine and combination headache Ss. Subsequent reduction in headache continued over the 1–3 year follow‐up period. Reduction in drug usage was about 87%. Although evaluation of self‐regulation techniques was retrospective and uncontrolled in this study, they appear to work exceedingly well for childhood headache patients.
Bilateral Cervical Carotid and Intracranial Vasospasm Causing Cerebral Ischemia in a Migrainous Patient: A Case of "Diplegic Migraine"
Authors: Lieberman Abraham N. , Jonas Saran , Hass William K. , Pinto Richard , Lin Joseph , Leibowitz Morton , Hassouri Hassan 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISA patient with a 15‐year history of migraine exhibited the rapid onset of bilateral cerebral ischemia associated with bilateral cervical carotid and intracranial focal arterial narrowing (vasospasm). The neurological signs and symptoms and angiographic findings resolved spontaneously within a few days. Among the rarely documented cases of vasospasm in migrainous subjects, this illustrates the bilaterality of ischemic symptoms and the unusual involvement of both extracranial carotid arteries.
Absolute and Proportional Resting EMG Levels in Chronic Headache Patients in Relation to the State of Headache
Authors: van Boxtel A. , Goudswaard P. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISIn the present study, resting EMG levels were measured bilaterally in the frontalis and temporalis muscles in muscle contraction headache, migraine, and mixed muscle contraction‐migraine headache patients and in healthy control subjects. Besides absolute EMG levels, proportional EMG levels were obtained by relating the absolute EMG amplitude to the EMG amplitude during maximal contraction. The headache‐free state, a state of relatively weak headache, and a state of relatively strong headache were examined. The data of the three patient groups were pooled because significant differences between the groups were absent. Absolute EMG levels in the patients during the headache‐free state were not significantly different from those of the controls except for the right frontalis muscle where the patients showed significantly higher levels than the controls. Proportional EMG levels, however, were for all muscles significantly higher in the patients group. Maximal EMG levels were generally significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. In the patients group, both absolute, proportional, and maximal EMG levels were in most cases not significantly different between a state of relatively weak and a state of relatively strong headache. The significance of these findings with respect to the generation of head pain is discussed.
The Role of Personality in the Etiology of Chronic Headache
Authors: Arena John G. , Andrasik Frank , Blanchard Edward B. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISWhether a neurotic personality is a precursor to or a consequence of the experience of living with chronic pain has been a topic of much heated debate in the psychosomatic research literature. To investigate this question, 151 chronic headache sufferers from three headache types (migraine, tension, combined), matched on age and gender, were divided into three equal groups on the basis of their percentage of life with headache. Each headache sufferer was administered a comprehensive battery of psychological tests. ANCOVAs, using age as the covariate and diagnosis and %‐life groupings as the between subjects factors, were then performed on the clinical scale data. Results indicated no significant differences greater than that expected by chance among the %‐life groups, indicating that the percentage of life one spends with head pain has no differential effect on a number of psychological test measures. One interpretation of the above results is that the characterological personality traits so often found in headache sufferers are not a result of the pain experience but in fact were present before the pain problem started.
Lack of Concordance Between Changes in Headache Activity and in Psychophysiological and Personality Variables Following Treatment
Authors: Passchier J. , Van Der Helm‐Hylkema H. , Orlebeke J.F. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISHypotheses about the involvement of physiological and personality mechanisms in the relation between stress and headache have not yet been tested in a pretreatment‐post‐treatment treatment design though many behavioral techniques are based on these notions. Effects of four treatments (stress‐coping, stress‐coping including finger temperature biofeedback, stress‐coping including temporal vasoconstriction biofeedback and waiting list‐control) were analysed in migraine patients with regard to headache measures, psychophysiological functioning and personality variables. In tension headache patients three treatments were compared (stress‐coping, stress‐coping including frontalis EMG biofeedback, and waiting list‐control). Changes neither in physiological nor in personality measures showed concurrency with changes in headache variables. Our results do not confirm the hypothesis of a mediating role between stress and headache for temporal artery and frontal muscle stress responses in migraine patients and tension headache patients, respectively. Neither was the notion of involvement of personality change in headache improvement sustained.
Does the Piribedil Test Permit Predicting the Efficacy of Domperidone, a Dopaminergic Antagonist, in the Treatment of Migraine?
Authors: Montastruc J.L. , David J. , Rascol A. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISThe existence of a relationship between the “piribedil test” (previously described as a diagnostic test for migraine) and the clinical efficacy of domperidone, a dopaminergic antagonist devoid of any central effect, in the preventive treatment of migraine was investigated in 17 patients suffering from resistant classical migraine. “Piribedil test” was positive in 14 cases, whereas domperidone improved only 6 patients. It is concluded that “piribedil test” is not a useful pharmacological tool for predicting the efficacy of dopaminergic antagonists like domperidone in a given migraine patient.
A Critical Analysis of the Traditional Tension Headache Model
Authors: Ramirez Julio J. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISElectromyographic (EMG) biofeedback is frequently used as the behavioral therapy of choice to reduce the severity of tension headache. In this review, it becomes evident that despite biofeedback's widespread use, other behavioral therapies which are not as hardware‐dependent are as effective as biofeedback training in relieving headache pain. In addition, several theoretical concerns are raised here since the assumptions upon which EMG biofeedback therapy is justified may not be valid. Finally, recommendations for dealing with tension headache are made, based on the evidence provided by studies of behavioral intervention therapies.
Treatment of Mild Headache in Disabled Migraine Sufferers: Results of the Spectrum Study
Authors: Cady R.K. , Lipton R.B. , Hall C. , Stewart W.F. , O'Quinn S. , Gutterman D. 
Published: August 2010

Objective.—To evaluate the effectiveness of sumatriptan, 50‐mg tablets, versus placebo for early intervention while head pain was mild in patients with disabling migraine.Methods.—A post hoc analysis was performed in a subgroup of patients from a large, randomized, placebo‐controlled study of patients with disabling headache who treated while pain was mild. Pain‐free response 2 and 4 hours postdose, headache recurrence, and safety were examined. Significance tests were performed only for the first‐treated attacks.Results.—Twenty‐six patients with disabling headache treated 46 mild and 166 moderate or severe headaches. For the first‐treated headaches while pain was mild, pain‐free rates were significantly higher for sumatriptan than placebo 4 hours postdose (78% versus 0%,P = .02), but not 2 hours postdose (52% versus 0%,P = .22). Across all headaches treated while pain was mild, pain‐free responses were higher for sumatriptan than placebo 4 hours (85% versus 17%) and 2 hours (50% versus 0%) postdose compared with placebo. When the same patients treated headaches while pain was moderate or severe, pain‐free rates were lower than that reported for treatment during mild pain. There was a trend toward lower headache recurrence in headaches treated while pain was mild compared with moderate or severe pain (13% versus 18%). No drug‐related adverse events were reported in the headaches treated while pain was mild.Conclusions.—Patients with disabling migraine may benefit from early intervention with sumatriptan, 50 mg, while pain is mild.
Peripheral Levels of Inflammatory Mediators in Migraineurs During Headache‐free Periods
Authors: Mohammadian Parvaneh , Hummel Thomas , Arora Chander , Carpenter Thomas 
Published: August 2010

Objectives.—The present study investigated the peripheral inflammatory changes of the trigeminovascular system by measuring the inflammatory mediators leukotriene B4 (LTB4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in the nasal fluid, as well as saliva, of patients with migraine.Background.—Migraine has been hypothesized to be as a result of changes in the peripheral or central nervous system or both. It is still unclear whether peripheral changes in the trigeminovascular system are involved in the pathogenesis of migraine.Methods.—Participants were 18 subjects, 9 patients with migraine and 9 controls, matched for age and sex. Each subject took part in one experimental session during which nasal lavage fluid and saliva samples were collected. These samples were analyzed by competitive enzyme immunoassay using goat anti‐rabbit polyclonal antibody.Results.—With the exception of TXB2, correlational analyses indicated good correlations between results obtained using nasal lavage or saliva (LTB4, r18 = 0.91; PGE2 , r18 = 0.95). When comparing inflammatory mediators measured in controls and migraineurs, the LTB4 level was significantly lower in migraineurs, while no differences were found for PGE2 and TXB2.Conclusions.—The study demonstrated that nasal lavage, a noninvasive method, can be easily used for investigations of pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine. In addition, the results may indicate that there is no peripheral trigeminal sensitization in the headache‐free period of migraineurs compared with controls when PGE2, LTB4, and TXB2 in saliva and nasal lavage samples are measured.
Validation of the Classification of Migraine Without Aura (IHS A1.1) Proposed in ICHD‐2
Authors: Kelman Leslie 
Published: August 2010

Objective.—This study attempts to validate the alternative criteria for classification of migraine without aura (International Headache Society [IHS] A1.1) proposed in the appendix of The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition. This method uses at least two of the associated symptoms (nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, and osmophobia) in category D of the IHS classification.Background.—In the appendix of The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition, an alternative method of classification of migraine without aura is proposed. This method of classification has never been validated.Methods.—A total of 1480 consecutive headache patients in a tertiary care setting were evaluated at first visit. Headache‐associated features, such as intensity, lifetime duration, frequency per month, duration, triggers, prodrome, percentage recurrence, and postdrome frequency, were recorded. In addition, medication satisfaction, acute and monthly disability, grading of headache days, sleep normality, mood, and habits were documented.Results.—Of the 1480 patients, 901 were initially classified as having migraine IHS 1.1. Using the proposed alternative method (IHS A1.1), 885 (98.2%) of these patients were reclassified as having migraine. The remaining 16 (1.8%) patients not classified had only nausea and none of the other specified associated symptoms. They also exhibited different characteristics from the IHS migraine population as a whole regarding their headache and other features.Conclusions.—This classification of migraine in a headache center population shows that the proposed use of any two of nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, and osmophobia in category D of the classification may be a valid alternative method of classification. This study also demonstrates that the standard IHS methodology includes a very small group of patients who appear to be different from other migraine patients.
Association Between Stress at Work and Primary Headache Among Nursing Staff in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Kao‐Chang , Huang Chin‐Chang , Wu Chiou‐Chuen 
Published: August 2010

Background.—Stress, one of the most commonly identified triggers for primary headache in the workplace, usually leads to inefficient work during attacks. Stress‐related primary headaches in the nursing staff of hospitals have received little attention.Objective.—To realize the association between stress and headache, and the means of coping with this kind of headache.Methods.—A cross‐sectional, hospital‐based study using a semi‐structured questionnaire was administered to 900 nursing staffers in a tertiary medical center in southern Taiwan. Thirty‐two items, including basic information, headache‐ and stress‐related questions, work satisfaction, and coping strategies were measured. Headache sufferers with either migraine or episodic tension headache (attacks <15 days per month) based on International Headache Society (IHS) criteria were enrolled for analysis. The Student's t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and chi‐square test were used for statistical analysis.Results.—Three hundred eighty‐six out of 779 responders (49.6%) had experienced primary headaches in the previous year, and 374 (48.1%) had had episodic‐type headaches (<15 days/month). A careful neurological interview of the latter group revealed that 222 (28.5%) had migraine, 104 (13.4%) had tension headache, 37 (4.8%) had mixed migraine and tension headache, and 11 (1.4%) had other causes of headache. There were no demographic differences between the sufferers and nonsufferers, although a statistically significant difference was noted in self‐reported sources of stress (individual P values ranged from .021 to < .001). Headache sufferers had more stress at work than non‐headache sufferers (P < .001). The youngest and least experienced of the nursing staff, the unmarried, and those with a lower level of education had a higher level of stress. The methods used to deal with headaches were sleep, taking medicine, taking a rest, visiting the doctor, and seeking psychological help. Nurses commonly used acetaminophen (panadol‐500 mg) to relieve their pain.Conclusion.—These results indicate that stress at work is associated with primary headaches among nursing staff, and that nurses rarely seek help in the beginning. Therefore, nursing staff education aimed at ameliorating the stress and coping with the headaches, thus allowing the nurses to provide better patient care, may be warranted.