bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strukturen der Dimethylerdmetallphenylchalkogenolate [(Me2MEPh)n] mit M = Ga, In, Tl und E = S, Se, Te
Authors: Kluge Oliver , Gerber Stefan , Krautscheid Harald 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe reaction of main group III trimethyls, Me3M, with phenylchalcogenols HEPh leads to dimethyl earthmetal phenylchalcogenolates [(Me2MEPh)n] with M = Ga and E = S (1), Se (2), Te (3), M = In and E = S (4), Se (5), Te (6) and M = Tl and E = S (7), Se (8), Te (9). Alternatively, reaction between Me3M and Me3SiEPh with elimination of SiMe4 is possible for E = Se, Te if a polar solvent is applied, in order to stabilize the initial adduct [Me3M–E(Ph)SiMe3]. Additionally, for M = Tl and E = S the dimeric adduct [{Me2TlSPh(TlMe3)}2] (10) was isolated and structurally characterized. Single crystals and microcrystalline samples of compounds 1 to 9 were examined by X‐ray crystallography and polymeric as well as dimeric structures were found. Depending on the size of main group III and VI atoms, sterically shielded polymeric chains or layer‐like structures are obtained. The smaller metal atoms M = Ga, In are fourfold coordinated and these compounds exhibit polymorphism. This observation is consistent with quantum chemical calculations that show the syn‐ and anti‐orientation of phenyl groups in a dimer to be energetically nearly equivalent. For M = Tl the coordination number is increased to 5 or 6 by additional coordination of chalcogen atoms with relatively long Tl–E bonds. Variable temperature NMR spectroscopy and molecular weight measurements indicate fast exchange and the presence of several different molecular structures in solution.
Folate malabsorption is associated with down-regulation of folate transporter expression and function at colon basolateral membrane in rats
Authors: Wani Nissar Ahmad , Hamid Abid , Khanduja Krishan Lal , Kaur Jyotdeep 
Published: August 2011

Folates, an essential component (important B vitamin) in the human diet, are involved in many metabolic pathways, mainly in carbon transfer reactions such as purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis and amino acid interconversions. Deficiency of this micronutrient leads to the disruption of folate-dependent metabolic pathways that lead to the development of clinical abnormalities ranging from anaemia to growth retardation. Folate deficiency due to alcohol ingestion is quite common, primarily due to malabsorption. The present study dealt with the mechanistic insights of folate malabsorption in colonic basolateral membrane (BLM). Wistar rats (n12) were fed 1 g/kg body weight per d ethanol (20 %) solution orally for 3 months and folate transport was studied in the isolated colonic BLM. The folate exit across colon BLM shows characteristics of carrier-mediated process with the major involvement of reduced folate carrier (RFC). The chronic ethanol ingestion decreased the uptake by decreasing the affinity by 46 % (P < 0·01) and the number of transport molecules by 43 % (P < 0·001) at the colon BLM. The decreased uptake was associated with down-regulation of proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) and RFC expression at mRNA and protein levels. The extent of decrease was 44 % (P < 0·01) and 24 % (P < 0·05) for PCFT and 23 % (P < 0·01) and 57 % (P < 0·01) for RFC at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Moreover, folate transporters were associated with lipid rafts (LR) of colon BLM, and chronic alcoholism decreased the association of these transporters with LR.
Deficient emotional self-regulation and pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a family risk analysis
Authors: Biederman J. , Spencer T. , Lomedico A. , Day H. , Petty C. R. , Faraone S. V. 
Published: August 2011

BackgroundAlthough deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), little research investigates this association and little is known about its etiology. Family studies provide a method of clarifying the co-occurrence of clinical features, but no family studies have yet addressed ADHD and DESR in children.MethodSubjects were 242 children with ADHD and 224 children without ADHD. DESR was operationalized using an aggregate score ⩾180 and <210 in the anxious/depressed, attention and aggression scales (AAA profile) of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), termed the CBCL-DESR profile. The CBCL-bipolar (CBCL-BP) profile was defined as ⩾210 on the CBCL-AAA scale. We examined the familial transmission of ADHD and the CBCL-AAA scale in families selected through probands with and without these conditions.ResultsWe found a linear increase in the prevalence of CBCL-DESR in siblings as indexed by the Control, ADHD, ADHD+CBCL-DESR and ADHD+CBCL-BP proband groups. While the ADHD siblings were at elevated risk for both the CBCL-DESR and CBCL-BP compared with non-ADHD siblings, a significantly higher rate of CBCL-BP in the siblings of ADHD+CBCL-BP probands was found compared with siblings of the Control probands.ConclusionsADHD shows the same degree of familial transmission in the presence or absence of DESR. CBCL-DESR and CBCL-BP are familial, but further work is needed to determine if these definitions are distinctly familial or represent a continuum of the same psychopathology.
Learning to teach online or learning to become an online teacher: an exploration of teachers’ experiences in a blended learning course
Authors: Comas-Quinn Anna 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA key role in the successful implementation of any learning approach is played by teachers, so how well blended learning works will depend largely on how well teachers make the transition from their traditional face-to-face classroom roles to the wider more complex role that blended learning requires. The additional skills and the forging of a new professional identity might not come easily to all practitioners.This paper evaluates the impact that the introduction of blended learning in a distance language learning course has had on teachers. It presents and discusses findings from a small-scale evaluation study which compared quantitative and qualitative data gathered through a survey and a small number of interviews with participant observations from the researcher and the institutional end-of-course debriefing report.The paper argues that whilst technological challenges and the sheer amount of change that teachers were faced with were largely responsible for some of the negative attitudes reflected in teachers’ opinions about the course, a less obvious, broader explanation for the difficulties that teachers encountered might be found in the way that learning, teaching and training are conceptualised by both teachers and the institution.It is proposed that a transmission of knowledge approach to training fails to acknowledge and properly support the transformation of teachers’ identity that results from moving from traditional classroom-based teaching to online teaching. The shift goes beyond the acquisition of ICT skills and requires a pedagogical understanding of the affordances of the new medium and an acceptance by the teacher of his or her new role and identity.
Value of Case Studies in Disaster Assessment?
Authors: Grynszpan Delphine , Murray Virginia , Llosa Silvia 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCase studies can be useful in assessing and learning lessons from emergency situations. In this paper, different uses for disaster case studies, are explored with identification of potential pitfalls that should be avoided. In addition, ways to improve the rigor and significance of case studies are suggested. Case studies can be used as examples or as a research tool. If conducted properly, they can provide robust and compelling results. It is argued that sharing a common guide to conducting and writing case studies among all disaster risk reduction professionals could improve the quality of case study reports and thereby strengthen their value in advancing the prevention, preparedness, and management of disasters and emergencies.
Biopax and Semantics
Authors: Navas-Delgado Ismael , García-Godoy Maria Jesús , Roldán-García Maria del Mar , Aldana-Montes José F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBiopax community is producing sets of data in RDF files, but most of them are not available through query interfaces. The publication of SPARQL endpoints is feasible with current sets of data, but the use of reasoning in these interfaces is unfeasible in many cases. The use of large scale reasoners is a need to take advantage of these data sets.
Differential Associations Between Sensory Response Patterns and Language, Social, and Communication Measures in Children With Autism or Other Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Watson Linda R. , Patten Elena , Baranek Grace T. , Poe Michele , Boyd Brian A. , Freuler Ashley , Lorenzi Jill 
Published: August 2011

PurposeTo examine patterns of sensory responsiveness (i.e., hyperresponsiveness, hyporesponsiveness, and sensory seeking) as factors that may account for variability in social-communicative symptoms of autism and variability in language, social, and communication skill development in children with autism or other developmental disabilities (DDs).MethodChildren with autistic disorder (AD;n= 72, mean age = 52.3 months) and other DDs (n= 44, mean age = 48.1 months) participated in a protocol measuring sensory response patterns; social-communicative symptoms of autism; and language, social, and communication skills.ResultsHyporesponsiveness was positively associated with social-communicative symptom severity, with no significant group difference in the association. Hyperresponsiveness was not significantly associated with social-communicative symptom severity. A group difference emerged for sensory seeking and social-communicative symptom severity, with a positive association for the AD group only. For the 2 groups of children combined, hyporesponsiveness was negatively associated with language skills and social adaptive skills. Sensory seeking also was negatively associated with language skills. These associations did not differ between the 2 groups.ConclusionsAberrant sensory processing may play an important role in the pathogenesis of autism and other DDs as well as in the rate of acquisition of language, social, and communication skills.
A MEG Investigation of Single-Word Auditory Comprehension in Aphasia
Authors: Zipse Lauryn , Kearns Kevin , Nicholas Marjorie , Marantz Alec 
Published: August 2011

Purpose
To explore whether individuals with aphasia exhibit differences in the M350, an electrophysiological marker of lexical activation, compared with healthy controls.

Method
Seven people with aphasia, 9 age-matched controls, and 10 younger controls completed an auditory lexical decision task while cortical activity was recorded with magnetoencephalography. There were 2 stimulus conditions of interest: identity primed (i.e., a word preceded by itself) and semantic primed (i.e., a word preceded by a semantically related word). Latency and amplitude of the M350 response as well as reaction time were measured.

Results
Consistent with the age-matched control group, the group with aphasia showed both identity and semantic priming behaviorally. In contrast to the control groups, the group with aphasia did not show either semantic or identity priming of the M350 response. This group also demonstrated longer M350 latencies than either control group. Furthermore, within this group, M350 latency was positively correlated with a measure of semantic impairment.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the usefulness of temporally sensitive measures when studying aphasia and demonstrate that the latency of electrophysiological markers is of interest in this population. In particular, increased M350 latency appears to be indicative of a semantic processing impairment.
HCF243 Encodes a Chloroplast-Localized Protein Involved in the D1 Protein Stability of the Arabidopsis Photosystem II Complex
Authors: Zhang Dongyuan , Zhou Gongke , Liu Bingbing , Kong Yingzhen , Chen Na , Qiu Qiang , Yin Hongju , An Jiaxing , Zhang Fang , Chen Fan 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Numerous auxiliary nuclear factors have been identified to be involved in the dynamics of the photosystem II (PSII) complex. In this study, we characterized the high chlorophyll fluorescence243 (hcf243) mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which shows higher chlorophyll fluorescence and is severely deficient in the accumulation of PSII supercomplexes compared with the wild type. The amount of core subunits was greatly decreased, while the outer antenna subunits and other subunits were hardly affected in hcf243. In vivo protein-labeling experiments indicated that the synthesis rate of both D1 and D2 proteins decreased severely in hcf243, whereas no change was found in the rate of other plastid-encoded proteins. Furthermore, the degradation rate of the PSII core subunit D1 protein is higher in hcf243 than in the wild type, and the assembly of PSII is retarded significantly in the hcf243 mutant. HCF243, a nuclear gene, encodes a chloroplast protein that interacts with the D1 protein. HCF243 homologs were identified in angiosperms with one or two copies but were not found in lower plants and prokaryotes. These results suggest that HCF243, which arose after the origin of the higher plants, may act as a cofactor to maintain the stability of D1 protein and to promote the subsequent assembly of the PSII complex.
Biochemical and Genetic Requirements for Function of the Immune Response Regulator BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 in Plant Growth, Ethylene Signaling, and PAMP-Triggered Immunity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Laluk Kristin , Luo Hongli , Chai Maofeng , Dhawan Rahul , Lai Zhibing , Mengiste Tesfaye 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1) regulates immune responses to a distinct class of pathogens. Here, mechanisms underlying BIK1 function and its interactions with other immune response regulators were determined. We describe BIK1 function as a component of ethylene (ET) signaling and PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) to fungal pathogens. BIK1 in vivo kinase activity increases in response to flagellin peptide (flg22) and the ET precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) but is blocked by inhibition of ET perception. BIK1 induction by flg22, ACC, and pathogens is strictly dependent on EIN3, and the bik1 mutation results in altered expression of ET-regulated genes. BIK1 site-directed mutants were used to determine residues essential for phosphorylation and biological functions in planta, including PTI, ET signaling, and plant growth. Genetic analysis revealed flg22-induced PTI to Botrytis cinerea requires BIK1, EIN2, and HUB1 but not genes involved in salicylate (SA) functions. BIK1-mediated PTI to Pseudomonas syringae is modulated by SA, ET, and jasmonate signaling. The coi1 mutation suppressed several bik1 phenotypes, suggesting that COI1 may act as a repressor of BIK1 function. Thus, common and distinct mechanisms underlying BIK1 function in mediating responses to distinct pathogens are uncovered. In sum, the critical role of BIK1 in plant immune responses hinges upon phosphorylation, its function in ET signaling, and complex interactions with other immune response regulators.
From types to individuals: Hennig’s ontology and the development of phylogenetic systematics
Authors: Hamilton Andrew 
Published: September 2011

AbstractContemporary phylogenetic systematics was framed, in part, as a response to a resurgent idealistic morphology in the German‐speaking world in the first half of the 20th century. There were also conceptual and methodological challenges from Anglo‐American researchers who were sceptical about whether a phylogenetic approach to systematics could be made to work. This paper describes these challenges as a way of providing context for some ontological innovations made first by Walter Zimmermann and then by Willi Hennig. The principal argument of this paper is that what has become known as the individuality thesis played a much more important role in the conceptual foundations of Hennig’s version of phylogenetic systematics than has been widely appreciated. Understanding Hennig’s ontology illuminates his responses to objections to phylogenetic systematics from both sides of the Atlantic and sheds substantial light on the extinction part of the dichotomy rule. Although many have taken Hennig’s claim that parent species go extinct at speciation to be an arbitrary and biologically unrealistic rule, extinction of the parent follows directly from the way Hennig understands species and how they are individuated.© The Willi Hennig Society 2011.
Morphomeristic study of sympatric Barbus species from a man‐made reservoir in upland Kenya
Authors: Osuka Kennedy E. , Mlewa Chrisestom M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe small Barbus are a widely distributed group of freshwater fishes in Africa whose taxonomy is yet to be resolved. This study used morphomeristic analysis of characters to distinguish and describe sympatric Barbus species of Chepkoilel reservoir in upland Kenya. A total of 51 fish were collected in November 2007, and 21 morphometric measurements and nine meristic counts were determined on each specimen. Data were entered in an Excel spreadsheet and exported to the PAST programme for analysis using principal component analysis (PCA). The significance of important characters identified in the PCA was determined using nonparametric Mann–Whitney U tests at α = 0.05. The specimens belonged to three species: Barbus kertenii, B. paludinosus and B. jacksonii. A PCA on their morphometric characters revealed no clear separation of polygons suggesting the species had similar body morphometry. However, a PCA on raw meristics showed complete separation of B. paludinosus and B. jacksonii on the first principal component, which was defined mostly by the number of lateral line scales, branched dorsal rays, branched pectoral rays and branched ventral rays. Our study provides more characters useful for distinguishing the Barbus species in addition to those stated in their respective original species descriptions.
Strategies for improving disability awareness and social inclusion of children and young people with cerebral palsy
Authors: Lindsay S. , McPherson A. C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground  Children and youth with disabilities are at a higher risk of being socially excluded or bullied while at school compared with their typically developing peers. This study explored disabled children's suggestions for improving social inclusion.Methods  Fifteen children with cerebral palsy were interviewed or took part in a group discussion about social inclusion and bullying. All interviews and focus groups were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim.Results  The children and youth described several strategies to help improve social inclusion at school including: (1) disclosure of condition and creating awareness of disability; (2) awareness of bullying; (3) developing a peer support network and building self‐confidence; and (4) suggestions on what teachers can do.Conclusions  It is recommended that children's suggestions be considered within the classroom context to enhance the social inclusion and participation of children with disabilities.
Neutralization of mitogenic lectins by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) prevents T cell activation: does IVIg really have a direct effect on T cells?
Authors: Padet L , St-Amour I , Aubin É , Bazin R 
Published: September 2011

SummaryIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is used for the treatment of an increasing number of autoimmune diseases. Clinical observations on IVIg-treated patients have revealed a modulation of T cell populations and functions in these patients. In vitro studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms underlying the effects of IVIg on T cells led to the conclusion that IVIg directly affected lectin-activated T cell functions. However, more recent studies have suggested the absence of a direct effect of IVIg on T cells. In the present work, we revisited the effect of IVIg on T cells using lectin-stimulated human T cells and showed that IVIg inhibited T cell functions only when added simultaneously with the activating lectin. Further, we showed that IVIg depleted from lectin-reactive IgG was no longer inhibitory, suggesting that the effect of IVIg on T cells was the consequence of lectin neutralization, possibly by interaction with glycans present in F(ab′)2 portion of IgG molecules. Our results challenge the previously widely accepted notion that IVIg exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by acting directly on T cells and suggest that effects of IVIg observed in treated patients are rather a consequence of the recently reported inhibitory effect of IVIg on antigen presentation.
Effects of breast health education conducted by trained breast cancer survivors
Authors: Yi Myungsun , Park Eun Young 
Published: August 2011

yi m. & park e.y. (2011) Effects of breast health education conducted by trained breast cancer survivors. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(5), 1100–1110.AbstractAims.  This article is a report on a study of the effectiveness of breast health education provided by trained breast cancer survivors on knowledge, skills, performance and self‐efficacy.Background.  Numerous studies have been performed to assess the effects of breast health education provided by health professionals, but few studies have examined the effects of education provided by lay persons, such as breast cancer survivors. This study focused on the role of breast cancer survivors as breast health educators.Methods.  A pretest and post‐test quasi‐experimental design was used. Trained breast cancer survivors conducted a 60‐minute breast health class that was guided by self‐efficacy theory to young healthy women. The data were collected in 2008 from 22 young healthy women who participated in the class. Self‐report questionnaires were used to measure the breast cancer and breast self‐examinations knowledge, skills, performance and self‐efficacy at pre‐education, and at 1 month and 3 months post‐education.Results.  The scores on knowledge, skills, performance and self‐efficacy before breast health education were significantly increased after 1 month and 3 months post‐education.Conclusion.  The results of this study demonstrate that a one‐time breast health class provided by trained breast cancer survivors can be useful in motivating young women to adopt behaviours that help to prevent breast cancer morbidity and mortality.
The quantitative measurement of family quality of life: a review of available instruments
Authors: Hu X. , Summers J. A. , Turnbull A. , Zuna N. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground  Family quality of life (FQOL) has emerged as an important outcome of service delivery for individuals with disabilities and their families. The purpose of this review was to explore the disparity of scale development approaches between families with children with disabilities and families from other populations and identify strengths to serve as a source of recommendations to improve the measurements of FQOL in the disability field.Method  We conducted a keyword search of 25 databases. Sixteen measurement tools on FQOL, family well‐being and family satisfaction currently used in the disability field, healthcare field and general family studies published in journals from 1980 to 2009 were included in the analysis.Results  Three themes emerged from the detailed analysis and comparisons of the instruments: (1) description of the primary purpose and theoretical basis; (2) identification of the tool's respondents, domains, response formats and scoring strategies to assess family systems; and (3) summarisation of available psychometric information.Conclusions  As family researchers continue their mission to conceptualise and theorise about FQOL, they should also promote the refinement of FQOL measurements and consider the implications from family instruments used in the healthcare and general family fields from the following aspects: (1) domains of FQOL; (2) units of analysis; (3) response format; (4) scoring choice; and (5) psychometric evaluation.