bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VNIR–SWIR reflectance spectroscopy as a nondestructive technique for compositional determination of archaeological talc samples with a machine learning approach
Authors: Ferrer-Julià M. , Quirós A. , Herrero-Alonso D. , González E. , García-Meléndez E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe material from which an archaeological piece is made provides a great deal of information regarding the society in which it was made; thus, any misidentification can lead to erroneous conclusions. The uniqueness of many of these pieces hinders their mineralogical analysis because the pieces cannot be damaged for sampling; therefore, errors in the classification of these materials are common. In the present study, we evaluate the suitability of the spectroradiometry technique in the analysis of two archaeological talc pieces. Both came from the Iron Age archaeological site of Peña del Castro (La Ercina, León) in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. We compared the spectral curves of these 2 pieces with the spectral curves from 50 talc geological samples from different geographical sources, combining bulk and powdered samples. Our results show that spectral curves enabled the identification of the talc material in the powdered and bulk samples. Moreover, the absence of the talc characteristic features in other soft materials also used in antiquity enabled the detection of incorrect identification of the classified pieces. Even though our results cannot be used to define any absorption feature characteristic to establish the provenance of the material, in the present study, spectral analysis has been shown to be suitable as a nondestructive technique to mineralogically identify archaeological pieces.
Role of lipid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Yulin , He Jun , Zuo Bin , He Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), an aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis, poses a significant public health challenge. Recent research has highlighted the crucial role of lipid metabolism in HCC development, with enhanced lipid synthesis and uptake contributing to the rapid proliferation and tumorigenesis of cancer cells. Lipids, primarily synthesized and utilized in the liver, play a critical role in the pathological progression of various cancers, particularly HCC. Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming, an essential adaptation to the tumor microenvironment (TME), with fatty acid metabolism emerging as a key player in this process. This review delves into intricate interplay between HCC and lipid metabolism, focusing on four key areas: de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, dysregulated lipid metabolism of immune cells in the TME, and therapeutic strategies targeting fatty acid metabolism for HCC treatment.
Internal Curing Utilising Recycled Concrete Aggregate: A Sustainable Approach for Improving High-Strength Concrete’s Performance
Authors: Whwah Mortada Sabeh , Mahmmod Laith Mohammed Ridha , Abdoulhaleem Huda Hafedh , Dulaimi Anmar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigh-strength concrete (HSC) makes up the vast majority of materials used in the construction sector due to its exceptional mechanical characteristics and outstanding long-term behaviour. However, in cement-based materials with a low water-to-binder ratio (w/b), excessive autogenous shrinkage has become a prevalent issue. This work suggests the sustainable use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) to internally cure HSC in order to reduce autogenous shrinkage during the hydration and curing processes. RCA was employed with various volumetric replacement percentages with natural coarse aggregate as a water storage agent (0%, 8%, 16%, 24%, 32%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) under sealed and unsealed conditions. The efficiency of the adopted materials for internal curing was investigated by determining the autogenous shrinkage in addition to unconfined compressive and flexural strength. The laboratory results reveal that the studied properties significantly improved by incorporating RCA into HSC, and the improvement depends on the substitution rate of the coarse aggregate. A better shrinkage behaviour can be obtained by raising the substitution percentage of coarse aggregate with RCA; in contrast, the strengths decrease with increased RCA. RCA can be utilised as an internal curing material for HSC to alleviate autogenous shrinkage with a percentage of around 40%, with the adopted ambient conditions in the early age of HSC with full replacement of virgin coarse aggregate. It is recommended to use 24% RCA as a substitution for natural coarse aggregate for internal curing to improve the characteristics of HSC and the sustainability advantages and reduce its negative environmental impacts.
Analysis of canal discharge management through remodeled structure at Guddu Barrage
Authors: Mukhtar Muhammad Ahsan , Shangguan Donghui , Sarwar Muhammad Kaleem , Yongjian Ding , Anjum Muhammad Naveed , Sajjad Wasim , Banerjee Abhishek , Yang Qin , Butt Asim Qayyum 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs vital hydraulic infrastructure, barrages and canals are crucial for agricultural irrigation in Sindh Province, Pakistan. Any deviation from the intended design discharge can significantly impact water resource management, leading to economic losses. The Ghotki Canal in Sindh faced challenges in receiving its allocated inflow, prompting an extension of the divide wall at Guddu Barrage to 589.59 ft. However, this extension inadvertently exacerbated the problem by reducing the Ghotki canal's inflow, resulting in a 166.7 ft gap between the original and extended divide wall segments. This study takes a unique approach, using a non-distorted physical model at a scale ratio of 1:85, to assess the influence of the divide wall gap across five scenarios, varying gap width and river flow rates from 100,000 to 500,000 cusecs. The findings highlighted the disruptive effects of the gap on flow regimes, notably affecting critical infrastructure such as the silt excluder and left pocket capacity. Alterations in the divide wall gap width predominantly impact the Ghotki Canal discharge while minimally affecting the Rainee Canal. Without a divide wall gap, the Ghotki Canal's head regulator draws 88% of the designated capacity, while the Rainee Canal consistently receives its total inflow share of 10,000 Cusecs. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of structure remodeling in barrages for effective water resource management, emphasizing the need for nuanced approaches to optimize canal performance and sustain agricultural livelihoods and regional development.
Spatiotemporal analysis of urban expansion in Srinagar city, Kashmir
Authors: Ahmad Wani Suhail , Jamal Saleha , Sharma Amit , Malik Ishfaq Hussain 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUrbanization is a multifaceted process and a global phenomenon that encompasses various environmental and land cover changes. The expansion of Srinagar city, Kashmir, has changed its Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) due to an increase in population, horizontal expansion of the city, migration, and an increase in the built-up area. This has resulted in a change in Land Surface Temperature (LST). This study evaluates the dynamics of LULC in Srinagar city and its effect on LST using remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), statistical analysis techniques, and Landsat 4–5 TM and Landsat-8 OLI datasets. We analysed the LULC in Srinagar city from 2000 to 2020. The study calculated the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), LST, Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC), and Emissivity from satellite remote sensing data of Srinagar city and analysed the relationship between them. The study shows that in terms of percentage change in LULC in Srinagar city from the year 2000 to 2020, built-up area showed the maximum change (75.58), followed by dense forest (− 62.74), vegetation (− 40.2), water bodies (− 25.41%), crop (23.16%), swamp (− 8.22), sparse forest (− 7.89), and open spaces (− 6.02). The findings of this study hold significance for researchers, urban planners, and policymakers to understand urbanization trends and their implications in the city.
Hazard assessment and cytogenotoxic effect of different concentrations of mercury chloride sterilant using the Allium cepa assay
Authors: Animasaun David Adedayo , Adedibu Peter Adeolu , Afolabi Saheed Olarewaju , Abdulkareem Khadijah Abdulhamid , Ibrahim Sarafadeen , Krishnamurthy Ramar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Allium cepa assay represents a crucial in vivo model for evaluating the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of substances. This study investigated the cytogenotoxicity of mercury chloride (HgCl2), a laboratory disinfectant and catalyst, using the Allium cepa assay. Mitotic slides were prepared from onion root tip cells grown on media supplemented with different concentrations of HgCl2 (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0%). The slides were observed to evaluate cytogenotoxicity based on the assessment of the mitotic index, mitotic inhibition, clastogenic effect, and root length. The results showed that the concentrations used are harmful to the cell, leading to adverse impacts on the mitotic index, mitotic inhibition, root growth, and chromosome structure. Different chromosomal aberrations, such as bridge formation, fragmentation fragments, wandering chromosomes, stickiness, binucleate cells, and micronucleus formation, were detected depending on the concentration. Although lower concentrations (0.2–0.4%) had fewer effects on the cells, they still had a significant cytogenotoxic effect (p < 0.05) compared to that of the control (0.0%). The higher the concentration, the greater the effects on clastogenic changes. The abnormalities in both mitotic spread and root growth indicate that mercury chloride is cytotoxic even at low concentrations and can cause mito-depressive effects at higher concentrations. The results of this investigation can be used as a guide to guarantee sufficient safety precautions for people and organs during the regular use of HgCl2.
New design of materials, order and thicknesses of an aircraft windshield behaviour layers to increase its resistance against repeated bird impacts
Authors: Rezaei M. , Arezoo B. , Ziaei-Rad S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere are instances when an aircraft encounters a bird’s flock or faces a heavy hailstorm, causing the windshield to sustain consecutive impacts. Therefore, the investigation of windshield resistance against repeated impacts is crucial. In this research, various tests such as tensile, split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), and three-point bending are conducted to extract the mechanical properties of the materials used in a five-layers windshield under high strain rates. Using this information, the bird impact on the windshield is simulated using the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, and the results are compared with real bird impact test outcomes, and the validation of this simulation is confirmed. The simulation of two consecutive bird strikes indicates the current windshield lacks sufficient resistance against successive dual impacts; in such scenarios, the second bird penetrates the windshield after breaking it and tearing the interlayer. Considering new materials and thicknesses for each windshield layer, a Taguchi experimental design method is employed to examine various layer arrangements with different materials and thicknesses. The configurations in which the windshield can withstand a maximum of three bird impacts in succession are identified. Subsequently, using the “the smaller, the better” criterion in the Taguchi optimisation approach, the configuration that not only prevents bird penetration but also minimises the maximum strain in the inner layer is selected as the desired outcome. Thus, a new five-layer windshield with new materials and thicknesses is presented, which is resistant to the repeated collision of up to three birds, tearing in the interlayer and bird penetration does not happen.
Developing a Bayesian workshop for full-time staff statisticians
Authors: Khalatbari Shokoufeh , Baladandayuthapani Veera , Kaciroti Niko , Samuels Eli , Bugden Jane , Spino Cathie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
There are two main schools of thought about statistical inference: frequentist and Bayesian. The frequentist approach relies solely on available data for predictions, while the Bayesian approach incorporates both data and prior knowledge about the event of interest. Bayesian methods were developed hundreds of years ago; however, they were rarely used due to computational challenges and conflicts between the two schools of thought. Recent advances in computational capabilities and a shift toward leveraging prior knowledge for inferences have led to increased use of Bayesian methods.

Methods:
Many biostatisticians with expertise in frequentist approaches lack the skills to apply Bayesian techniques. To address this gap, four faculty experts in Bayesian modeling at the University of Michigan developed a practical, customized workshop series. The training, tailored to accommodate the schedules of full-time staff, focused on immersive, project-based learning rather than traditional lecture-based methods. Surveys were conducted to assess the impact of the program.

Results:
All 20 participants completed the program and when surveyed reported an increased understanding of Bayesian theory and greater confidence in using these techniques. Capstone projects demonstrated participants’ ability to apply Bayesian methodology. The workshop not only enhanced the participants’ skills but also positioned them to readily apply Bayesian techniques in their work.

Conclusions:
Accommodating the schedules of full-time biostatistical staff enabled full participation. The immersive project-based learning approach resulted in building skills and increasing confidence among staff statisticians who were unfamiliar with Bayesian methods and their practical applications.
Suspension in Inquiry
Authors: Staffel Julia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
When we're inquiring to find out whether p is true, knowing that we'll get better evidence in the future seems like a good reason to suspend judgment about p now. But, as Matt McGrath has recently argued, this natural thought is in deep tension with traditional accounts of justification. On traditional views of justification, which doxastic attitude you are justified in having now depends on your current evidence, not on what you might learn later. McGrath proposes to resolve this tension by distinguishing between different ways of having a neutral attitude. I argue that McGrath's account is unable to account for the full range of cases in which an agnostic attitude is warranted. We can remedy this by pairing his account with my theory of transitional and terminal attitudes, which claims that attitudes are justified in different ways depending on whether they are formed in intermediate stages of deliberation or as conclusions of deliberation. I compare my view with an alternative, more parsimonious one, according to which deliberation itself is a source of new evidence. I argue that this alternative proposal is faced with a dilemma: it either generates a vicious regress, or it fails to capture the relevant cases.
The Rule of Law: A Core Premise for the Effectiveness of International Environmental Law
Authors: de Sadeleer Nicolas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInternational environmental law rarely refers to the rule of law. However, in fostering inter-state cooperation, international environmental agreements oblige parties to prohibit, restrict or control various activities that are harmful to the environment. The application of these constraints at the national level requires the rule of law to be taken into account.
Establishment and perturbation of human gut microbiome: common trends and variations between Indian and global populations
Authors: Chandel Nisha , Maile Anwesh , Shrivastava Suyesh , Verma Anil Kumar , Thakur Vivek 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Human gut microbial species are crucial for dietary metabolism and biosynthesis of micronutrients. Digested products are utilised by the host as well as several gut bacterial species. These species are influenced by various factors such as diet, age, geographical location, and ethnicity. India is home to the largest human population in the world. It is spread across diverse ecological and geographical locations. With variable dietary habits and lifestyles, Indians have unique gut microbial composition. This review captures contrasting and common trends of gut bacterial community establishment in infants (born through different modes of delivery), and how that bacterial community manifests itself along infancy, through old age between Indian and global populations. Because dysbiosis of the gut community structure is associated with various diseases, this review also highlights the common and unique bacterial species associated with various communicable as well as noncommunicable diseases such as diarrhoea, amoebiasis, malnutrition, type 2 diabetes, obesity, colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and gut inflammation and damage to the brain in the global and Indian population.
Usefulness of Information for Achieving Goals with Disjunctive Premises
Authors: da Costa Pereira Célia , Cholvy Laurence 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe propose a logic-based framework to model a system whose aim is to help provide the user with those pieces of information that are useful with respect to his/her current information need, as well as relevant to his/her query. More precisely, we propose three measures of information usefulness which take into account the fact that the user can be represented as a cognitive agent endowed with some beliefs—a partial “picture” about what it already knows—and goals—a certain state of affairs in which the agent would like to be. This paper extends a previous version of the framework by considering a more realistic hypothesis, according to which there are several ways to achieve goals. We present three different approaches: thebinary approach, theordinal approach, and thenumerical approach. We take information retrieval (IR) as a particular application domain, and we compare some existing measures with the usefulness measure we introduce here.
How are weeds named? A committee review of the WSSA composite list of names
Authors: Piskáčková Theresa Reinhardt , Gage Karla L. , Law Eugene P. , Schwartz-Lazaro Lauren M. , Campbell Joan M. , Taliga Christine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPlant names carry a significant amount of information without providing a lengthy description. This is an efficient shorthand for scientists and stakeholders to communicate about a plant, but only when the name is based on a common understanding. It is standard to think of each plant having just two names, a common name and a scientific name, yet both names can be a source of confusion. There are often many common names that refer to the same plant, or a single common name that refers to multiple different species, and some plants have no common name at all. Scientific names are based upon international standards; however, when the taxonomy is not agreed upon, two scientific names may be used to describe the same species. Weed scientists and practitioners can easily memorize multiple plant names and know that they refer to the same species, but when we consider global communication and far-reaching databases, it becomes very relevant to consider two sides of this shift: (1) a need for greater standardization (due to database management and risk of lost data from dropped cross-referencing); and (2) the loss of local heritage, which provides useful meaning through various common names. In addition, weed scientists can be resistant to changing names that they learned or frequently use. The developments in online databases and reclassification of plant taxonomy by phylogenetic relationships have changed the accessibility and role of the list of standardized plant names compiled by the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA). As part of an attempt to reconcile WSSA and USDA common names for weedy plants, the WSSA Standardized Plant Names Committee recently concluded an extensive review of the Composite List of Weeds common names and had small changes approved to about 10% of the list of more than 2,800 distinct species.
Lagged Response of MJO Convection and Precipitation to Solar Ultraviolet Variations on Intraseasonal Time Scales
Authors: Hoopes C. A. , Hood L. L. , Galarneau T. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractComposite analyses of NOAA satellite‐based outgoing longwave radiation data and ERA5 reanalysis data for nearly six solar maximum periods support the existence of a response of tropical convection and precipitation to short‐term (∼27‐day) solar ultraviolet variations. Following solar UV peaks, the response consists of an increase in average convection and precipitation in the equatorial Indian Ocean and a decrease in the western and central tropical Pacific, with maximum amplitude at a lag of 4 to 8 days. The opposite occurs following short‐term solar UV minima. The observed responses are most detectable when the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) is active and appear to be related to a reduced ability of the MJO to propagate across the Maritime Continent barrier following solar UV peaks relative to UV minima. A similar behavior has previously been found when the stratospheric quasi‐biennial oscillation is in its westerly phase relative to its easterly phase.
Lithologies and Chronologic Opportunities of Materials to Be Returned From the Artemis Exploration Zone
Authors: Patterson Ruby V. , Lapen Thomas J. , Kring David A. , Lemelin Myriam , Meier McKayla L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Artemis exploration zone is a geologically complex region likely to host some of the oldest and as‐yet‐unstudied materials on the Moon. We review six potential Artemis landing sites (001, 004, 007, 011, 102, and 105) within candidate Artemis III landing regions ”Connecting Ridge,“ “Peak Near Shackleton,” “Leibnitz Beta Plateau,” “de Gerlache Rim,” and “de Gerlache Rim 2.” Kaguya Spectral Profiler mineral data were used to determine the average lithological composition at each landing site. Potentially accessible geologic materials, their ages and significance, and appropriate application of radiometric chronometers are discussed in reference to return samples from each potential landing site. Chronological analyses of return samples from the Artemis exploration zone will enable the anchoring of the lunar impact flux curve, determine the absolute timing of pivotal events in lunar geologic history, and reveal the geological diversity of the differentiated lunar body.