bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rear cortex contraction aids in nuclear transit during confined migration by increasing pressure in the cell posterior
Authors: Keys Jeremy , Cheung Brian C. H. , Elpers Margaret A. , Wu Mingming , Lammerding Jan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
As cells migrate through biological tissues, they must frequently squeeze through micron-sized constrictions in the form of interstitial pores between extracellular matrix fibers and/or other cells. Although it is now well recognized that such confined migration is limited by the nucleus, which is the largest and stiffest organelle, it remains incompletely understood how cells apply sufficient force to move their nucleus through small constrictions. Here, we report a mechanism by which contraction of the cell rear cortex pushes the nucleus forward to mediate nuclear transit through constrictions. Laser ablation of the rear cortex reveals that pushing forces behind the nucleus are the result of increased intracellular pressure in the rear compartment of the cell. The pushing forces behind the nucleus depend on accumulation of actomyosin in the rear cortex and require Rho kinase (ROCK) activity. Collectively, our results suggest a mechanism by which cells generate elevated intracellular pressure in the posterior compartment to facilitate nuclear transit through three-dimensional (3D) constrictions. This mechanism might supplement or even substitute for other mechanisms supporting nuclear transit, ensuring robust cell migrations in confined 3D environments.
Variance-Reduced Accelerated First-Order Methods: Central Limit Theorems and Confidence Statements
Authors: Lei Jinlong , Shanbhag Uday V. 
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we consider a strongly convex stochastic optimization problem and propose three classes of variable sample-size stochastic first-order methods: (i) the standard stochastic gradient descent method, (ii) its accelerated variant, and (iii) the stochastic heavy-ball method. In each scheme, the exact gradients are approximated by averaging across an increasing batch size of sampled gradients. We prove that when the sample size increases at a geometric rate, the generated estimates converge in mean to the optimal solution at an analogous geometric rate for schemes (i)–(iii). Based on this result, we provide central limit statements, whereby it is shown that the rescaled estimation errors converge in distribution to a normal distribution with the associated covariance matrix dependent on the Hessian matrix, the covariance of the gradient noise, and the step length. If the sample size increases at a polynomial rate, we show that the estimation errors decay at a corresponding polynomial rate and establish the associated central limit theorems (CLTs). Under certain conditions, we discuss how both the algorithms and the associated limit theorems may be extended to constrained and nonsmooth regimes. Finally, we provide an avenue to construct confidence regions for the optimal solution based on the established CLTs and test the theoretical findings on a stochastic parameter estimation problem. Funding: This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-22-1-2589] and Basic Energy Sciences [Grant DE-SC0023303]. The work of J. Lei was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72271187 and 62088101]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/moor.2021.0068 .
Do occupational therapy and/or physiotherapy interventions improve activity and participation function for children and adolescents with functional neurological disorder? A systematic review
Authors: Gould Danielle , Taylor Nicholas F 
Published: June 2024

Background/Aims Functional neurological disorder is increasingly common in paediatric neurological practice, yet the role and scope for occupational therapy and physiotherapy intervention remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate if occupational therapy and/or physiotherapy interventions improve activity and participation for children and adolescents with functional neurological disorder compared to usual care. Methods CINAHL, Embase and Medline were searched until May 2023. Eligibility criteria were applied by two reviewers independently. Methodological quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data were synthesised narratively and the certainty of evidence assessed using a Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Results A total of eight non-randomised studies (n=451 participants, mean age 13.2 years) were selected. There was very low certainty evidence that for approximately three in four participants, inpatient or outpatient multidisciplinary programmes involving physiotherapy and/or occupational therapy led to recovery at the end of the programme, with recovery and school attendance retained at 12 months. Two studies provided very low certainty evidence that two in three participants attending multidisciplinary programmes were independent on all Pediatric Functional Independence Measure items at programme discharge. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to suggest routine occupational therapy and/or physiotherapy interventions improve activity and participation function for children and adolescents with functional neurological disorder compared to usual care. Implications for practice The implications for clinical practice for allied health professionals are ambiguous because of the low-quality of the available evidence. Until further research is conducted to support clinical practice, clinicians must rely on the combination of their clinical expertise and the best available evidence to guide practice.
Impact of specialized nursing outpatient case management on post-coronary artery bypass grafting patients
Authors: Li Tong , Lu Fang-Hui , Zhao Qing 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Some patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease experience major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and require readmission after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) surgery. This is often attributed to patients' unhealthy lifestyles and dietary habits, inadequate understanding of the disease, and poor disease management compliance. Thus, searching for more targeted nursing intervention models that can enhance patients' self-management abilities and reduce the risk of readmission after CABG surgery is significant.
AIM
To observe the impact of specialized nursing outpatient case management on patients after CABG surgery.
METHODS
A total of 103 patients who underwent CABG surgery in our hospital between April 2021 and April 2022 comprised the study sample. The patients were divided into two groups using an odd-even number grouping method. The control group received routine nursing care, while the case management group received specialized nursing outpatient case management. The differences in psychological status, adherence to medical treatment, self-care ability, knowledge mastery, quality of life scores, and the occurrence rate of MACE were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
After the intervention, the case management group had lower scores on the self-rating depression scale and self-rating anxiety scale and lower MACE rate, as well as higher scores for adherence to a healthy diet, medication adherence, good lifestyle habits, regular exercise, and timely follow-up, higher scores on the Coronary Heart Disease Self-Management Scale, higher scores for managing adverse habits, symptoms, emotional cognition, emergency response, disease knowledge, general lifestyle, and treatment adherence, higher scores for understanding coronary heart disease, recognizing the importance of medication adherence, understanding self-care points after CABG surgery, and being aware of post-CABG precautions, higher scores for physical well-being, disease condition, general health, social-psychological well-being, and work-related aspects (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Specialized nursing outpatient case management can enhance patient adherence to medical treatment, knowledge mastery, psychological well-being, and overall quality of life in patients after CABG surgery.
Cardiovascular risk factors among older persons with cognitive frailty in middle income country
Authors: Ibrahim Azianah Mohamad , Singh Devinder Kaur Ajit , Ludin Arimi Fitri Mat , Sakian Noor Ibrahim Mohamed , Rivan Nurul Fatin Malek , Shahar Suzana 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Cognitive frailty, characterized by the coexistence of cognitive impairment and physical frailty, represents a multifaceted challenge in the aging population. The role of cardiovascular risk factors in this complex interplay is not yet fully understood.
AIM
To investigate the relationships between cardiovascular risk factors and older persons with cognitive frailty by pooling data from two cohorts of studies in Malaysia.
METHODS
A comprehensive approach was employed, with a total of 512 community-dwelling older persons aged 60 years and above, involving two cohorts of older persons from previous studies. Datasets related to cardiovascular risks, namely sociodemographic factors, and cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, anthropometric characteristics and biochemical profiles, were pooled for analysis. Cognitive frailty was defined based on the Clinical Dementia Rating scale and Fried frailty score. Cardiovascular risk was determined using Framingham risk score. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21.
RESULTS
Of the study participants, 46.3% exhibited cognitive frailty. Cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension (OR:1.60; 95%CI: 1.12-2.30), low fat-free mass (OR:0.96; 95%CI: 0.94-0.98), high percentage body fat (OR:1.04; 95%CI: 1.02-1.06), high waist circumference (OR:1.02; 95%CI: 1.01-1.04), high fasting blood glucose (OR:1.64; 95%CI: 1.11-2.43), high Framingham risk score (OR:1.65; 95%CI: 1.17-2.31), together with sociodemographic factors, i.e. , being single (OR 3.38; 95%CI: 2.26-5.05) and low household income (OR 2.18; 95%CI: 1.44-3.30) were found to be associated with cognitive frailty.
CONCLUSION
Cardiovascular-risk specific risk factors and sociodemographic factors were associated with risk of cognitive frailty, a prodromal stage of dementia. Early identification and management of cardiovascular risk factors, particularly among specific group of the population might mitigate the risk of cognitive frailty, hence preventing dementia.
Unraveling the mechanism of malancao in treating ulcerative colitis: A multi-omics approach
Authors: Huang Xing-Long , Wu Lu-Na , Huang Qin , Zhou Yue , Qing Lei , Xiong Feng , Dong Hui-Ping , Zhou Tai-Min , Wang Kai-Li , Liu Jue 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Malancao (MLC) is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of utilization in treating ulcerative colitis (UC). Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its efficacy remain elusive. This study leveraged ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with exactive mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS), network pharmacology, molecular docking (MD), and gene microarray analysis to discern the bioactive constituents and the potential mechanism of action of MLC in UC management.
AIM
To determine the ingredients related to MLC for treatment of UC using multiple databases to obtain potential targets for fishing.
METHODS
This research employs UHPLC-QE-MS for the identification of bioactive compounds present in MLC plant samples. Furthermore, the study integrates the identified MLC compound-related targets with publicly available databases to elucidate common drug disease targets. Additionally, the R programming language is utilized to predict the central targets and molecular pathways that MLC may impact in the treatment of UC. Finally, MD are conducted using AutoDock Vina software to assess the affinity of bioactive components to the main targets and confirm their therapeutic potential.
RESULTS
Firstly, through a comprehensive analysis of UHPLC-QE-MS data and public database resources, we identified 146 drug-disease cross targets related to 11 bioactive components. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis highlighted that common disease drug targets are primarily involved in oxidative stress management, lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, and other processes. They also affect AGE-RAGE and apoptosis signaling pathways. Secondly, by analyzing the differences in diseases, we identified key research targets. These core targets are related to 11 active substances, including active ingredients such as quercetin and luteolin. Finally, MD analysis revealed the stability of compound-protein binding, particularly between JUN-Luteolin, JUN-Quercetin, HSP90AA1-Wogonin, and HSP90AA1-Rhein. Therefore, this suggests that MLC may help alleviate intestinal inflammation in UC, restore abnormal lipid accumulation, and regulate the expression levels of core proteins in the intestine.
CONCLUSION
The utilization of MLC has demonstrated notable therapeutic efficacy in the management of UC by means of the compound target interaction pathway. The amalgamation of botanical resources, metabolomics, natural products, MD, and gene chip technology presents a propitious methodology for investigating therapeutic targets of herbal medicines and discerning novel bioactive constituents.
FIRST METATARSAL ROTATION AFTER SCARF OSTEOTOMY FOR HALLUX VALGUS
Authors: Najefi A. A. , Alsafi M. , Katmeh R. , Zaveri A. K. , Cullen N. , Patel S. , Malhotra K. , Welck M. 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionRecurrence after surgical correction of hallux valgus may be related to coronal rotation of the first metatarsal. The scarf osteotomy is a commonly used procedure for correcting hallux valgus but has limited ability to correct rotation. Using weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT), we aimed to measure the coronal rotation of the first metatarsal before and after a scarf osteotomy, and correlate these to clinical outcome scores.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 16 feet (15 patients) who had a WBCT before and after scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus correction. On both scans, hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle, and anteroposterior/lateral talus-first metatarsal angle were measured using digitally reconstructed radiographs. Metatarsal pronation (MPA), alpha angle, sesamoid rotation angle and sesamoid position was measured on standardized coronal CT slices. Preoperative and postoperative(12 months) clinical outcome scores(MOxFQ and VAS) were captured.ResultsMean HVA was 28.6±10.1 degrees preoperatively and 12.1±7.7 degrees postoperatively. Mean IMA was 13.7±3.8 degrees preoperatively and 7.5±3.0 degrees postoperatively. Before and after surgery, there were no significant differences in MPA (11.4±7.7 and 11.4±9.9 degrees, respectively; p = 0.75) or alpha angle (10.9±8.0 and 10.7±13.1 degrees, respectively; p = 0.83). There were significant improvements in SRA (26.4±10.2 and 15.7±10.2 degrees, respectively; p = 0.03) and sesamoid position (1.4±1.0 and 0.6±0.6, respectively; p = 0.04) after a scarf osteotomy. There were significant improvements in all outcome scores after surgery. Poorer outcome scores correlated with greater postoperative MPA and alpha angles (r= 0.76 (p = 0.02) and 0.67 (p = 0.03), respectively).ConclusionA scarf osteotomy does not correct first metatarsal coronal rotation, and worse outcomes are linked to greater metatarsal rotation. Rotation of the metatarsal needs to be measured and considered when planning hallux valgus surgery. Further work is needed to compare postoperative outcomes with rotational osteotomies and modified Lapidus procedures when addressing rotation.
FIVE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF THIRD-GENERATION PERCUTANEOUS CHEVRON AND AKIN OSTEOTOMIES (PECA) FOR HALLUX VALGUS
Authors: Lewis T. , Robinson P. W , Ray R. , Dearden P. MC , Goff T. AJ , Watt C. , Lam P. 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundRecent large studies of third-generation minimally invasive hallux valgus surgery (MIS) have demonstrated significant improvement in clinical and radiological outcomes. It remains unknown whether these clinical and radiological outcomes are maintained in the medium to long-term. The aim of this study was to investigate the five-year clinical and radiological outcomes following third-generation MIS hallux valgus surgery.MethodsA retrospective observational single surgeon case series of consecutive patients undergoing primary isolated third-generation percutaneous Chevron and Akin osteotomies (PECA) for hallux valgus with a minimum 60 month clinical and radiographic follow up. Primary outcome was radiographic assessment of the hallux valgus angle (HVA) and intermetatarsal angle (IMA) pre-operatively, 6 months and ≥60 months following PECA. Secondary outcomes included the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire, patient satisfaction, Euroqol-5D Visual Analogue Scale and Visual Analogue Scale for Pain.ResultsBetween 2012 and 2014, 126 consecutive feet underwent isolated third-generation PECA. The mean follow up was 68.8±7.3 (range 60–88) months. There was a significant improvement in radiographic deformity correction; IMA improved from 13.0±3.0 to 6.0±2.6, (p < 0.001) and HVA improved from 27.5±7.6 to 7.8±5.1. There was a statistically significant but not clinically relevant increase of 1.2±2.6° in the HVA between 6 month and ≥60 month radiographs. There was an increase in IMA of 0.1±1.6º between 6 month and ≥60 month radiographs which was not statistically or clinically significant. MOXFQ Index score at ≥follow up was 10.1±17.0. The radiographic recurrence rate was 2.6% at final follow up. The screw removal rate was 4.0%.ConclusionRadiological deformity correction following third-generation PECA is maintained at a mean follow up of 68.8 months with a radiographic recurrence rate of 2.6%. Clinical PROMs and patient satisfaction levels are high and comparable to other third-generation studies with shorter duration of follow up.
Association of multidrug-resistant bacteria and clinical outcomes in patients with infected diabetic foot in a Peruvian hospital: A retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Yovera-Aldana Marlon , Sifuentes-Hermenegildo Paola , Cervera-Ocaña Martha Sofia , Mezones-Holguin Edward 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with diabetic foot infection (DFI) in a Peruvian hospital.Materials and methodsThis retrospective cohort study evaluated patients treated in the Diabetic Foot Unit of a General Hospital in Lima, Peru. MDRB was defined by resistance to more than two pharmacological groups across six clinically significant genera. The primary outcome was death due to DFI complications and/or major amputation. Other outcomes included minor amputation, hospitalization, and a hospital stay longer than 14 days. Relative risks were estimated using Poisson regression for all outcomes.ResultsThe study included 192 DFI patients with a mean age of 59.9 years; 74% were males. A total of 80.8% exhibited MDRB. The primary outcome had an incidence rate of 23.2% and 5.4% in patients with and without MDRB, respectively (p = 0.01). After adjusting for sex, age, bone involvement, severe infection, ischemia, diabetes duration, and glycosylated hemoglobin, MDRB showed no association with the primary outcome (RR 3.29; 95% CI, 0.77–13.9), but did with hospitalization longer than 14 days (RR 1.43; 95% CI, 1.04–1.98).ConclusionsOur study found no association between MDRB and increased mortality and/or major amputation due to DFI complications, but did find a correlation with prolonged hospitalization. The high proportion of MDRB could limit the demonstration of the relationship. It is urgent to apply continuous evaluation of bacterial resistance, implement a rational plan for antibiotic use, and maintain biosafety to confront this threat.
A metabolic profile of xenon and metabolite associations with 6-month mortality after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A post-hoc study of the randomised Xe-Hypotheca trial
Authors: Nummela Aleksi J. , Scheinin Harry , Perola Markus , Joensuu Anni , Laitio Ruut , Arola Olli , Grönlund Juha , Roine Risto O. , Bäcklund Minna , Vahlberg Tero J. , Laitio Timo ,   for the Xe-Hypotheca Collaboration Group
Published: June 2024

Purpose
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) carries a relatively poor prognosis and requires multimodal prognostication to guide clinical decisions. Identification of previously unrecognized metabolic routes associated with patient outcome may contribute to future biomarker discovery. In OHCA, inhaled xenon elicits neuro- and cardioprotection. However, the metabolic effects remain unknown.

Materials and methods
In this post-hoc study of the randomised, 2-group, single-blind, phase 2 Xe-Hypotheca trial, 110 OHCA survivors were randomised 1:1 to receive targeted temperature management (TTM) at 33°C with or without inhaled xenon during 24 h. Blood samples for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolic profiling were drawn upon admission, at 24 and 72 h.

Results
At 24 h, increased lactate, adjusted hazard-ratio 2.25, 95% CI [1.53; 3.30], p<0.001, and decreased branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine 0.64 [0.5; 0.82], p = 0.007, and valine 0.37 [0.22; 0.63], p = 0.003, associated with 6-month mortality. At 72 h, increased lactate 2.77 [1.76; 4.36], p<0.001, and alanine 2.43 [1.56; 3.78], p = 0.001, and decreased small HDL cholesterol ester content (S-HDL-CE) 0.36 [0.19; 0.68], p = 0.021, associated with mortality. No difference was observed between xenon and control groups.

Conclusions
In OHCA patients receiving TTM with or without xenon, high lactate and alanine and decreased BCAAs and S-HDL-CE associated with increased mortality. It remains to be established whether current observations on BCAAs, and possibly alanine and lactate, could reflect neural damage via their roles in the metabolism of the neurotransmitter glutamate. Xenon did not significantly alter the measured metabolic profile, a potentially beneficial attribute in the context of compromised ICU patients.

Trial registration
Trial Registry number: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00879892.