bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hydroid research of American naturalist Samuel F. Clarke, 1851–1928
Authors: CALDER DALE R. , STEPHENS LESTER D. 
Published: July 2010

Samuel Fessenden Clarke was the leading specialist on hydroids (phylum Cnidaria) in North America over the last quarter of the nineteenth century. During that period he published taxonomic papers on hydroids from both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the continent, from the Gulf of Mexico, and from the eastern Pacific off Central and South America. He also authored a section on hydrozoan biology for “The Riverside Natural History” series. Most of his papers on hydroids were published while he was in his twenties.Clarke described as new 61 nominal species, three nominal genera, and one nominal family, as well as two “varieties” of hydroids. A list of these, and their current taxonomic status, appears in the present work. Clarke consistently provided sound descriptions and locality data for all supposed new species, and drew accurate illustrations of most of them. His research on Hydrozoa, beyond alphataxonomy, was directed towards faunal distributions and the use of hydroid assemblages as biogeographic indicators.In addition to investigations on hydroids, Clarke carried out research on the developmental biology of amphibians and reptiles. His doctoral dissertation at Johns Hopkins University was based on the embryology of the “Spotted Salamander” (=Yellow-spotted Salamander), and he published a major paper on the habits and embryology of the American Alligator.Most of Clarke's career was devoted to academic duties at Williams College, Massachusetts, where he was recognized as a dedicated and inspiring teacher. He served the American Society of Naturalists in various capacities, including a term as its president, was an influential trustee of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, and promoted the study of science in American schools.
Biphasic role of 4‐1BB in the regulation of mouse cytomegalovirus‐specific CD8+ T cells
Authors: Humphreys Ian R. , Lee Seung‐Woo , Jones Morgan , Loewendorf Andrea , Gostick Emma , Price David A. , Benedict Chris A. , Ware Carl F. , Croft Michael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe initial requirement for the emergence of CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells is poorly understood. Mice deficient in the cosignaling TNF superfamily member, 4‐1BB, surprisingly developed exaggerated early CD8+ T‐cell responses to mouse CMV (MCMV). CD8+ T cells directed against acute MCMV epitopes were enhanced, demonstrating that 4‐1BB naturally antagonizes these primary populations. Paradoxically, 4‐1BB‐deficient mice displayed reduced accumulation of memory CD8+ T cells that expand during chronic/latent infection. Importantly, the canonical TNF‐related ligand, 4‐1BBL, promoted the accumulation of these memory CD8+ T cells, whereas suppression of acute CD8+ T cells was independent of 4‐1BBL. These data highlight the dual nature of the 4‐1BB/4‐1BBL system in mediating both stimulatory and inhibitory cosignaling activities during the generation of anti‐MCMV immunity.
Enhancing Magnetic and Magnetotransport Properties by Topotactic Reduction of the Sr2Fe1.33Mo0.66O6 Double Perovskite
Authors: López Carlos Alberto , Viola María del Carmen , Pedregosa José Carmelo , Alonso José Antonio , Fernández‐Díaz María Teresa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSr2Fe1.33Mo0.66O6 (alternately written as Sr3Fe2MoO9) perovskite has been prepared in polycrystalline form by thermal treatment, in air, of previously decomposed citrate precursors. This material has been studied by X‐ray and neutron powder diffraction (XRPD and NPD), magnetic and transport measurements. At room temperature, the crystal structure is cubic with a = 7.8585(2) Å and V = 485.30(2) Å3, defined in the space group Fm$\bar {3}$m. Magnetic measurements indicate a ferromagnetic ordering below TC = 246 K. As prepared, the sample is an electrical insulator. A topotactic reduction of the stoichiometric sample performed at 600, 700, and 800 °C, in H2/N2 flows, leads to the oxygen‐deficient double perovskites, Sr2Fe1.33Mo0.66O6–δ with increasing δ values. The evolution of the crystal structure upon reduction has been studied from XRPD and NPD data. For the sample obtained at 800 °C, exhibiting the largest δ value, the low‐temperature evolution from NPD data was investigated between 2 K and 500 K: in all the temperature range the crystal structure is cubic with space group Fm$\bar {3}$m; at room temperature a = 7.87060(6) Å and V = 487.555(6) Å3. The magnetic behavior of this reduced sample suggests the presence of ferromagnetic domains characterized by Curie temperatures with TC > 400 K. The conductivity dramatically increases upon H2 reduction. Moreover, this reduced sample exhibits magnetoresistance, as high as 2.5 % at room temp. for H = 5 T. Magnetic and magnetotransport results are consistent with a large component of itinerancy for down‐spin Mo t2g electrons, injected through hydrogen reduction.
A comparison of outpatients with intellectual disability receiving specialised and general services in Ontario's psychiatric hospitals
Authors: Lunsky Y. , Gracey C. , Bradley E. , Koegl C. , Durbin J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground  This study compares outpatients with intellectual disability (ID) receiving specialised services to outpatients with ID receiving general services in Ontario's tertiary mental healthcare system in terms of demographics, symptom profile, strengths and resources, and clinical service needs.Methods  A secondary analysis of Colorado Client Assessment Record data collected from all tertiary psychiatric hospitals in the province was completed for a stratified random sample of 246 outpatients identified as having ID, from both specialised and general programmes.Results  Individuals with ID in specialised programmes differed from patients with ID in general programmes with regard to demographics, diagnostic profile, symptom presentation and recommended level of care.Conclusions  Further research is required to determine why individuals access some services over others and to evaluate whether specialised services are more appropriate for certain subgroups with ID than others.
Risk of herpes zoster among patients with psychiatric diseases: a population‐based study
Authors: Yang Y‐W , Chen Y‐H , Lin H‐W 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground Psychiatric disorders have been shown to be associated with impaired immune response, including decreased cellular immunity to varicella‐zoster virus. However, the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in psychiatric patients is, to date, unknown.Objective The aim of this study was to determine the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in psychiatric patients compared with the general population.Methods We used data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database from 2004 to 2006. Our study cohort consisted of patients aged 18 years and older diagnosed with psychiatric disorders in 2004 (N = 42 340). The comparison cohort (N = 169 360) consisted of four age‐ and gender‐matched controls randomly selected for every patient in the study cohort. All subjects were followed from the date of cohort entry until they developed HZ or the end of 2006, whichever was earliest. Stratified Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed to compute the 2‐year HZ‐free survival rates.Results After adjusting for potential confounders, we found patients with psychiatric disorders were more likely to have an episode of HZ than the control population [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18–1.38]. When stratified by age and psychiatric diagnostic categories, in patients aged ≤60 years, the adjusted HRs for HZ were 1.34 (P = 0.026) for patients with affective psychoses, 1.42 (P < 0.001) for those with neurotic illness or personality disorders and 1.53 (P < 0.001) for patients with other mental disorders. However, in patients aged >60 years, only neurotic illness or personality disorders were significantly associated with an increased risk of HZ (adjusted HR, 1.26; P = 0.003).Conclusions Our analysis suggests that patients with psychiatric disorders are at increased risk of HZ, especially those aged ≤60 years. Further study is required to elucidate the nature of this association.
The Relationships of Varieties and Fertilization to Observed Symptoms of Root Rots and Wilt of Alfalfa1
Authors: Stivers R. K. , Jackson W. A. , Ohlrogge A. J. , Davis R. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisAt 3 rates of N, P, and K, in north central Indiana, the stand of 3rd year Buffalo alfalfa was poorer than Ranger and Grimm at the lowest rate, with less difference at the higher rates. More Buffalo plants had rot from the crown into the root, and at greater severity, than the other 2. For all varieties, percentage of plants with rot into the roots was highest at the lowest fertilization rate; percentage infected plants with crown rot alone was highest at the highest fertilization rate. Stands and yields of Grimm were poorer than the other 2 in the 4th and 5th year at all rates. Bacterial wilt was more severe (non‐significantly) at the lowest rate of fertilization.
Inheritance of Covered Smut Resistance in Two Barley Crosses1
Authors: Shands R. G. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe inheritance of resistance to race 6 of Ustilago hordei was conditioned by one major factor pair in barley crosses, Chevron ✕ Brachytic and Colsess ✕ Brachytic. Resistance was dominant in the F1 generation of the Chevron ✕ Brachytic cross and segregation of the F2 based on F3 progeny tests satisfactorily fitted 1:2:1 ratios in both crosses. Smut reaction was independent of 5 plant characters. Inoculated seed of resistant parents and hybrid progenies produced more plants that reached a classifiable stage for smut reaction than susceptible parents and progenies.
The Cytogenetic Behavior of the Progeny from a Backcross (Sorghum vulgare. ✕ S. halepense. ✕ S. vulgare1)
Authors: Hadley Henry H. , Mahan J. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisMost of 70 backcross progeny plants from pollinating a 30‐chromosome hybrid by Sweet Sudangrass had 20 chromosomes. Fertility was low and varied greatly among plants. At the 20‐chromosome level, selection seemed promising except for rhizomatous pure lines. Data suggest extraction of pure lines and their combination in synthetics or first generation hybrids.
Availability of Phosphate Carriers to Small Grains and Subsequent Clover in Relation To: I. Nature of Soil and Method of Placement1
Authors: Olson R. A. , Dreier A. F. , Lowrey G. W. , Flowerday A. D. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisComparative effectiveness of phosphate carriers as shown in yield and uptake with small grains was found to be as follows: ammonium phosphate ⋜ concentrated superphosphate ⋜ ordinary and ammoniated superphosphate, metaphosphate and high water solubility nitric phosphate > Rhenanian, low water solubility nitric and fused tricalcium phosphates > rock phosphate. Fertilizer nitrogen and effective placement were prime factors in promoting efficient utilization of phosphorus carriers. Phosphate availability to clover following oats was similar irrespective of carrier and placement method.
Time and Depth Patterns of Water Use by Corn1
Authors: Russell M. B. , Danielson R. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisCorn utilized water to a depth of 5 feet or more in a deep Brunizem soil. In each of three widely different moisture regimes, total water disappearance was proportional to corn yield. Rainfall and irrigation affected the soil moisture profile to a depth of only 2 feet on both corn and fallow plots.
Factors Influencing Seed Set of Oat Crosses1
Authors: Brown Charles M. , Shands H. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisWorker's experience and low field temperatures were two important factors favoring seed set in oat crosses at Madison, Wis. High temperatures at 3 to 4‐day intervals between emasculation and pollination decreased seed set. Optimum time interval was 1 to 3 days. More of the top florets set seed after short intervals, and more of the lower after long intervals. Opening and closing florets to remove 1 anther caused 30 to 50% reduction on hot days, but only 5 to 10% on cool days. Greater germination was observed by natural than by hand pollination.
Development of a Standard Artificial Freezing Technique for Evaluating Cold Resistance of Oats1
Authors: Amirshahi M. C. , Patterson Fred L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA greenhouse and cold room technique is described which rates cold resistance of oat varieties in the same relative order as that in uniform hardiness experiments in the field. Of various factors influencing survival of seedlings, soil moisture content, temperature, length of cold treatment, and age of seedling had the greatest effect. Hardening treatment, thawing treatment and level of nutrition had small effects.
The Effect of Time and Height of Cutting on the Yield, Crude Protein Content and Vegetative Composition of a Native Flood Meadow in Eastern Oregon1
Authors: Cooper Clee S. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisFour years of differential cutting treatments had no effect upon fifth year yield. Yield declines were associated with loss in soil fertility. No significant changes in vegetative composition. Crude protein content decreased with maturity and increased with cutting height.
Seasonal Variation in the Boron Content of Alfalfa1
Authors: Stewart F. B. , Axley J. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisBoron of alfalfa in Maryland was lowest in July and August when deficiency symptoms occurred most frequently. Variations may due in part to amount and vertical distribution of boron in the soil and to soil moisture supply and stage and rate of growth. Boron content in plants in a single season may vary as much as 300% within a single treatment.
Factors Affecting Results of Grazing Trials With Yearling Steers1
Authors: Lynd J. Q. , Graybill F. , Totusek R. 
Published: July 2010

Synopsis· Evaluation of factors affecting steer performance used in pasture experiments are presented for three uniform herds. C.V.s increased through the wintering period and decreased through the following grazing periods. There was no relation between initial weight and total gain. No significant correlation was indicated between winter gain and corresponding pasture gains. Keratitis, wart virus and internal parasite egg count of fecal samples were not related to gains of treated steers.
Differential Post‐Ripening Effects Among Seeds from the Same Parental Wheat Spike1
Authors: Hardesty Boyd , Elliott Fred C. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisAppreciable differences in primary root length after 96 hours germination of seed from the selection Rio × Rex #41 tended to disappear during storage, and were essentially nil after 6 months of storage. They were found to be related to the sequence of anthesis and maturation in florets of the parental spike.
Inheritance of the Mode of Reaction to Stem Rust, Particularly Race 15B, and Leaf Rust in Two Crosses of Vulgare Wheats1
Authors: Jones Guy L. , Ausemus E. R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisInheritance of seedling reaction to stem rust race 15B was studied in the F, and F, generations of two crosses, Frontana × Mida‐Kenya 117A and Kenya 58‐Newthatch × Frontana, in the greenhouse at high temperatures (85° F.). Seedling reaction of the same F4 bulked lines to stem rust races 11, 17, 36, 38, and 56 and leaf rust races 5 and 15 were also studied. Stem and leaf rust reaction in the field to a collection of races was studied in the F3 generation.Seedling resistance to stem rust race 15B was conditioned by three independent genes in both the crosses. Seedling reaction to each of the other races of stem and leaf rust appeared to be simply inherited.
Inheritance of Pollen Restoration and Transmission of Cytoplasmic Sterility in Popcorn1
Authors: Thomas W. I. , Johnson I. J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisPollen restoration in each of the inbred lines K55 and Tx 1.27C appears to be conditioned by one gene. The genes in these two lines were found to be allelic. Use of cytoplasmic male sterility as a background to identify plants heterozygous for pollen restoration in a backcrossing program was satisfactory for two generations.
The Seedling Emergence of Grasses as Affected by Low Temperature1
Authors: Laude Horton M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisCold tolerance of the grass seedling decreases with advancing stage of the pre‐emergence period. Reduced tolerance is evidenced both by reduction and delay in emergence. Pre‐emergence cold tolerance may be masked by seedling susceptibility to soil‐borne pathogens if these are not adequately controlled.
Loss of Minerals from Mature Wheat and Flax by Simulated Rain1
Authors: Kingsley A. F. , Clagett C. O. , Klosterman Harold J. , Stoa T. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSimulated rain removed relatively small amounts of minerals from ripe wheat and flax plants which had been grown under field conditions. On the other hand considerably greater amounts of minerals were leached, under the same conditions, from ripe wheat plants grown in the greenhouse.Pot watered, greenhouse plants showed more leachable mineral elements at the ripe stage, than foliage wetted plants, suggesting that leaching is a continuous process.
An Evaluation of Smooth‐awned and Hooded Atlas Barley1
Authors: Suneson Coit A. , Stevens Harland 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe smooth‐awn character transferred to Atlas showed no advantage in yield at 11 Western U. S. stations during 1953–55, but expressed a beneficial effect from late autumn sowing in 5 of 12 seasons of cumulative testing. Hooded Atlas had lower yields and kernel weights at Davis but yielded as well as Atlas at high altitudes.
Cytogenetics of Interspecific Hybrids in the Bromopsis Section of Bromus. II. Triploid Hybrids and their Amphiploid Derivatives1
Authors: Barnett F. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisHybrids between diploid and tetraploid Bromopsis species of Bromus were generally more vigorous than their parents. In most morphological aspects, however, they were intermediate. At MI they exhibited mean frequencies of 6.66 to 9.63 univalents and 4.78 to 5.48 bivalents per cell. Trivalents were moderately common at MI, and high frequencies of irregularity occurred in AI and quartet stages. All triploid hybrids were highly sterile. Artificial amphiploids obtained through chromosome doubling from the triploid hybrids showed bivalent frequencies of 18.93 to 20.10 per MI cell. Univalents, trivalents, and quadrivalents were moderately common in these forms. The amphiploids varied considerably in fertility.
The Accuracy of Gossypol Determinations From Open Pollinated vs. Inbred Cotton Seed1
Authors: O'Kelly J. F. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisData are presented which show at least partial dominance for high gossypol content in hybrids, higher gossypol in open pollinated than in inbred seed of the same line, and higher gossypol in seed grown with irrigation than without. It is concluded that gossypol determinations, to be reasonably precise, should be made on inbred seed, but that open pollinated seed may be used where the differences are fairly wide.
Inheritance of Head Characters in Tetraploid Wheat Hybrids: I. Glume Tenacity And Head Type in Mindum Durum × Vernal Emmer1
Authors: Smith Glenn S. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIn the cross Mindum durum ✕ Vernal emmer, the tough‐threshing character of the emmer parent was inherited in a complex manner. F3 progenies relatively homozygous for intermediate degrees of threshability were recovered.A two‐factor hypothesis appeared to explain the appearance of clavate heads in this cross between two non‐clavate parents, but was not established conclusively. C1appeared to cause clavate in the absence of I, an inhibitor. The I gene, or a closely linked gene was one of the major factors for tough threshing.
The Inheritance of Head Characters in Tetraploid Wheat Hybrids: II. Rachis Bristles, Awns, Glume Tenacity, Clavate Head, and Seed Color1
Authors: Lebsock K. L. , Smith Glenn S. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisAnalysis of data from F2 and F3 populations of a Mindum durum × Vernal emmer cross indicated transgressive segregation for glume tenacity. Environment effects on this trait appeared to be unimportant. The parents differed by single factor pairs in the expression of awns, rachis bristles and kernel color. Three or four genes appeared to control clavateness of the head. The genes for awns and rachis bristles were linked with a recombination value of 32.3%. Average glume tenacity of nonclavate heads was significantly higher than that of clavate heads. Heads with red seeds had tougher glumes than those with amber seeds.
The Influence of Fertilizers on the Production and Quality of Peppermint in Central Washington1
Authors: Baird Jack V. 
Published: July 2010

SypnosisOil quality and yield of peppermint were related to the plant nutrient status. Nitrogen, P, K, and S produced in that order decreasing influences on oil and hay yield. Menthol content of oil, especially in 1953, was decreased in those plants with increased nitrogen content, whereas menthofuran was increased. Leaf N was slightly more effective than leaf P in predicting menthol content and three times as effective in predicting menthofuran content. Menthol and menthofuran accounted for 76% of the variation in optical rotation of the oils in 1953. Menthol was more important in determining optical rotation in 1953.
Effect of Soil Type Differences on Crop Yields on Clarion‐Webster Soil in Iowa1
Authors: Shrader W. D. , Riecken F. F. , Englehorn A. J. 
Published: July 2010

SypnosisSeveral different methods of evaluating the relative effects of soil type differences on crop yields obtained in a long time rotation‐fertility experiment at the Agronomy Farm, Ames, Iowa, are presented. All methods of analysis used indicate that yield differences are associated with soil type differences. The relative productivity of the different soils was found to be dependent upon the crop and management system under consideration.
Effect of Seven Annual Legumes on the Yield of Corn and Oats on Norge Loam1
Authors: Harper Horace J. , Gray Fenton 
Published: July 2010

SypnosisOat yields were increased more than corn yields when residue from legumes grown in a 3‐year rotation with these crops was returned to a reddish prairie soil in central Oklahoma. However, the average production of corn over a 24‐year period was higher than the average production of oats. Although seasonal rainfall in this area is more favorable for oats than for corn, soil temperature is more favorable for rapid decomposition of organic matter when corn is growing rapidly than when oats is making its most rapid growth. Consequently, a higher soil fertility level is needed for the maximum production of oats than for corn under the climatic environment that prevails in this sub‐humid region.
Yield and Chemical Composition of Ladino Clover as Affected by Fertilizer Treatments1
Authors: Wakefield R. C. , Schallock D. A. , Salomon M. , Olney C. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisOn a Bridgehampton fine sandy loam satisfactory stands of Ladino clover were maintained with a minimum application of 60 pounds P2O5 and 120 pounds K2O per acre per year over a 4‐year period. Large initial applications of phosphate were not as effective as similar amounts divided over 2 or 4 years. No accumulation of extractable phosphorus was found in the soil at any level of phosphate application. Removal of potassium by the crop approximately equalled the 120‐pound K2O application. Excessive plant uptake and soil accumulation of potassium resulted at 240 pounds K2O per acre.
Border Effects in Winter Wheat and Spring Oat Tests1
Authors: Brown C. M. , Weibel R. O. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA 2‐foot border between plots resulted in a highly significant border effect in 3 winter wheat and 1 spring oat test. A significant border × variety interaction was obtained in 2 of the 4 tests. Weight per bushel was lower in all spring oat border rows than in center rows. Winter wheat border rows produced grain of approximately the same weight per bushel as center rows.