bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemistry of Phosphorus Ylides. Part 33. Synthesis and Antitumor Activities of Some New Chromenone Derivatives
Authors: Maigali Soher S. , Abd‐El‐Maksoud Mansoura A. , Soliman Fouad M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe reaction of nucleophilic phosphacumulene and phosphallene ylides with different chromenone derivatives was investigated. Heterocycles and carbocycles of various ring sizes and heteroatom patterns such as pyrano‐, oxaphosphino‐, cyclopenta‐, phosphoranylidene cyclobutane‐, and phospholo‐chromenones were obtained. The antitumor (breast and liver) properties of some new compounds were performed in vitro. Some of these compounds were more potent than the comparative standard.
Zinc to cadmium replacement in the A. thaliana SUPERMAN Cys2His2 zinc finger induces structural rearrangements of typical DNA base determinant positions
Authors: Malgieri Gaetano , Zaccaro Laura , Leone Marilisa , Bucci Enrico , Esposito Sabrina , Baglivo Ilaria , Del Gatto Annarita , Russo Luigi , Scandurra Roberto , Pedone Paolo V. , Fattorusso Roberto , Isernia Carla 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAmong heavy metals, whose toxicity cause a steadily increasing of environmental pollution, cadmium is of special concern due to its relatively high mobility in soils and potential toxicity at low concentrations. Given their ubiquitous role, zinc fingers domains have been proposed as mediators for the toxic and carcinogenic effects exerted by xenobiotic metals. To verify the structural effects of zinc replacement by cadmium in zinc fingers, we have determined the high resolution structure of the single Cys2His2 zinc finger of the Arabidopsis thaliana SUPERMAN protein (SUP37) complexed to the cadmium ion by means of UV–vis and NMR techniques. SUP37 is able to bind Cd(II), though with a dissociation constant higher than that measured for Zn(II). Cd‐SUP37 retains the ββα fold but experiences a global structural rearrangement affecting both the relative orientation of the secondary structure elements and the position of side chains involved in DNA recognition: among them Ser17 side chain, which we show to be essential for DNA binding, experiences the largest displacement. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 801‐810, 2011.
HER-2 status in primary oesophageal cancer, lymph nodes and distant metastases
Authors: Schoppmann S F , Jesch B , Zacherl J , Wrba F , Hejna M , Maresch J , Langer F B , Riegler M F , Pluschnig U , Birner P 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Background
Some 10–15 per cent of patients with oesophageal cancer overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2 at the primary tumour site, leading to the hope that specific targeted systemic therapy might favourably influence clinical and subclinical disease at locoregional and distant sites. This approach is based on primary tumour characteristics, without knowledge of expression patterns at metastatic sites. In oesophageal cancer, concordance between HER-2 status at the primary tumour and other sites is unknown.

Methods
The HER-2 status of primary tumours and corresponding metastatic sites (lymph node and distant) and local recurrence were evaluated in a series of patients with oesophageal cancer, using immunohistochemistry and dual colorimetric in situ hybridization.

Results
There were 97 adenocarcinomas (ACs) and 79 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Some 14 per cent of primary ACs and 1 per cent of primary SCCs were staged as HER-2-positive. The HER-2 status was identical in the primary tumour and lymph node metastases in 95 per cent of ACs and 99 per cent of SCCs respectively (P = 0·375, sign test). Nineteen of 22 distant metastases from AC and all from SCC had identical HER-2 status to the primary tumour. In two of 22 patients with AC the primary tumour was classed as negative but distant metastases were HER-2-positive.

Conclusion
With over 85 per cent concordance in HER-2 status between primary tumours and distant metastases in oesophageal cancer, routine HER-2 testing of metastases to confirm HER-2 positivity is not warranted. Assessment of HER-2 status at metastatic sites may be worthwhile in some patients with easily accessible metastases and negative HER-2 status at the primary tumour, or if adequate material cannot be obtained from the primary site.
Pore Network Models of Drying, Contact Angle, and Film Flows
Authors: Prat M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPore network modeling is now a well‐established and successful technique for understanding and predicting a wide range of drying features. This paper presents an overview of recent works with special focus on the effect of liquid films and wettability. The capability of pore network models is also illustrated through a discussion of the classical drying curve of capillary porous media, which is divided into three main periods. Some open problems and future prospects are discussed.
New Real‐Time Loop Recorder Diagnosis of Symptomatic Arrhythmia Via Telemedicine
Authors: Leshem‐Rubinow Eran , Berger Michael , Shacham Jacob , Birati Edo Y. , Malov Nomi , Tamari Mira , Golovner Michal , Roth Arie 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground:One disadvantage of current loop recorders is the long interval between recording an electrocardiogram (ECG), establishing a diagnosis, and taking appropriate medical measures. The Cardio R loop recorder transmits cardiac recordings by cellular communication at the push of a button. Users can concomitantly relay symptoms, thereby providing a symptom/cardio‐rhythm correlation.Hypothesis:The Cardio R is capable of early detection of cardio‐electrical events that could account for patients' symptoms.Methods:This observational study was designed to evaluate patients who were referred from community physicians/cardiologists for evaluation of various cardiac symptoms that were not observed by regular office ECGs or traditional 24‐hour Holter cardiac monitoring. Transmitted recordings were instantly displayed on a monitor for immediate diagnosis by the on‐duty medical team at SHL‐Telemedicine's call center. Abnormal tracings, especially when accompanied by symptoms selected from the prepared list, enabled the staff to instruct the subscriber, notify their physician, and/or dispatch a mobile intensive care unit to the scene.Results:Between January 2009 and August 2010, there were 17 622 ECG transmissions received from 604 patients (age range, 10–95 years) who completed a 1‐month trial with the Cardio R device. Palpitation, presyncope, and chest pain were the leading complaints. A disturbance in rhythm that could account for symptoms occurred during recording in 49% cases and was displayed within 7 minutes in 93% of them. No longer than 2 days elapsed from recording onset to diagnosis.Conclusions:The Cardio R device enables prompt ECG confirmation/exclusion of a probable arrhythmic cause of symptoms, enabling rapid intervention for cardiac‐relevant complaints. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Dr. Arie Roth is a medical consultant for SHL‐Telemedicine.The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Preliminary Interlaboratory Trial for ISO/DIS 12010: Determination of Short Chain Polychlorinated Alkanes (SCCP) in Water
Authors: Geiß Sabine , Lettmann Nicole , Rey Aurélien , Lepper Herbert , Körner Birgit , Mais Silvio , Prey Theodor , Hilger Bettina , Engelke Moana , Lebertz Stephan , Chatellier Claudine , Sawal George , Löffler Dirk , Schillings Tom 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA first preliminary interlaboratory trial was planned to prepare ISO/DIS 12010: Water quality – determination of short chain polychlorinated alkanes (SCCP) in water – method using GC/MS and electron capture negative ionisation (ECNI). The task was to determine the sum of short chain polychlorinated n‐alkanes with carbon chain lengths of C10–C13 and a chlorine content between 49 and 67% in water by GC‐ECNI‐MS and quantification by multiple linear regression described in ISO/DIS 12010 as the compulsory method. Distributed samples were obtained from a real water extract spiked with a target concentration of 0.4 µg/mL sum of SCCP, i.e. the environmental quality target level according to the Water Framework Directive. The interlaboratory trial included the calibration, a column chromatographic clean up, a concentration step and an integration of chromatographic unresolved humps as well as the quantification with multiple linear regression. Reproducibility standard deviations between 21.5 and 22.9% were achieved by 17 participating laboratories from four countries. The method outlined no significant difference of the results between the standard solution and a real water matrix extract. On the basis of this succeeded preliminary interlaboratory trial the final interlaboratory trial for validation of ISO 12010 was prepared in autumn 2010.
Analyses of the spatiotemporal expression and subcellular localization of liprin‐α proteins
Authors: Zürner Magdalena , Mittelstaedt Tobias , tom Dieck Susanne , Becker Albert , Schoch Susanne 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe members of the Liprin‐α protein family, Liprin‐α1–4, are scaffolding proteins that play important roles in the regulation of synapse assembly and maturation, vesicular trafficking, and cell motility. Recent evidence suggests that despite their high degree of homology, the four isoforms can be differentially regulated and fulfill diverging functions. However, to date their precise regional and subcellular distribution has remained elusive. Here, we examine the spatiotemporal expression patterns of Liprins‐α in the rodent by using in situ hybridization, immunoblotting, and immunochemistry of primary cells as well as brain and retina sections. We show that Liprin‐α1–4 mRNA and protein are widely expressed throughout the developing and adult central nervous system, with Liprin‐α2 and ‐α3 being the major Liprin‐α isoforms in the brain. Our data show that the four Liprin‐α proteins differ in their regional distribution, in particular in the hippocampus, the cerebellum, and the olfactory bulb. Liprin‐α1 exhibits a unique spatiotemporal expression pattern as its levels decrease during synaptogenesis, and it is the only Liprin‐α with substantial non‐neuronal expression. Immunocytochemistry of cultured primary neurons with pre‐ and postsynaptic marker proteins shows all four Liprins‐α to be present at synapses and nonsynaptic sites to varying degrees. Together, these results show that neurons in different brain regions express a distinct complement of Liprin‐α proteins. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3019–3039, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of liprin‐α family proteins in the brain suggests functional diversification
Authors: Spangler Samantha A. , Jaarsma Dick , De Graaff Esther , Wulf Phebe S. , Akhmanova Anna , Hoogenraad Casper C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLiprin‐α proteins are major protein constituents of synapses and are important for the organization of synaptic vesicles and neurotransmitter receptors on their respective sides of the synapse. Although it is becoming apparent that the single liprin‐α gene in invertebrates is essential for synapse function, it is not known to what extent the four different liprin‐α homologs (liprin‐α1–4) in mammals are involved at synapses. We have designed specific antibodies against each of the four liprin‐α proteins and investigated their regional and cellular distribution in the brain. Here we show that all four liprin‐α proteins are present throughout the mature brain but have different regional distributions, which is highlighted by their differential localization in olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and cerebellar cortex. Double‐immunofluorescence staining indicates that different liprin‐α proteins are enriched in different synaptic populations but are also present at nonsynaptic sites. In particular, liprin‐α2 is preferentially associated with hippocampal mossy fiber endings in the CA3, whereas synapses in the molecular layers of the CA1 and dentate gyrus double‐labeled for liprin‐α3. The localization of liprin‐α2 and liprin‐α3 with excitatory synapses was confirmed in cultured primary hippocampal neurons. Liprin‐α4, which poorly co‐distributed with presynaptic markers in hippocampus, instead strongly co‐localized with VGLUT1 in the cerebellar molecular layer, suggesting its presence in parallel fiber‐Purkinje cell synapses. Finally, staining of cultured glial cells indicated that liprin‐α1 and liprin‐α3 are also associated with astrocytes. We conclude that liprin‐α family proteins might perform independent and specialized synaptic and nonsynaptic functions in different regions of the brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3040–3060, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Galanin neurons in the intermediate nucleus (InM) of the human hypothalamus in relation to sex, age, and gender identity
Authors: Garcia‐Falgueras Alicia , Ligtenberg Lisette , Kruijver Frank P.M. , Swaab Dick F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe intermediate nucleus (InM) in the preoptic area of the human brain, also known as the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN‐POA) and the interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus‐1 (INAH‐1) is explored here. We investigated its population of galanin‐immunoreactive (Gal‐Ir) neurons in relation to sex, age, and gender identity in the postmortem brain of 77 subjects. First we compared the InM volume and number of Gal‐Ir neurons of 22 males and 22 females in the course of aging. In a second experiment, we compared for the first time the InM volume and the total and Gal‐Ir neuron number in 43 subjects with different gender identities: 14 control males (M), 11 control females (F), 10 male‐to‐female (MtF) transsexual people, and 5 men who were castrated because of prostate cancer (CAS). In the first experiment we found a sex difference in the younger age group (<45 years of age), i.e., a larger volume and Gal‐Ir neuron number in males and an age difference, with a decrease in volume and Gal‐Ir neuron number in males > 45 years. In the second experiment the MtF transsexual group presented an intermediate value for the total InM neuron number and volume that did not seem different in males and females. Because the CAS group did not have total neuron numbers that were different from the intact males, the change in adult circulating testosterone levels does not seem to explain the intermediate values in the MtF group. Organizational and activational hormone effects on the InM are discussed. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3061–3084, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic tracing of Nav1.8‐expressing vagal afferents in the mouse
Authors: Gautron Laurent , Sakata Ichiro , Udit Swalpa , Zigman Jeffrey M. , Wood John N. , Elmquist Joel K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNav1.8 is a tetrodotoxin‐resistant sodium channel present in large subsets of peripheral sensory neurons, including both spinal and vagal afferents. In spinal afferents, Nav1.8 plays a key role in signaling different types of pain. Little is known, however, about the exact identity and role of Nav1.8‐expressing vagal neurons. Here we generated mice with restricted expression of tdTomato fluorescent protein in all Nav1.8‐expressing afferent neurons. As a result, intense fluorescence was visible in the cell bodies, central relays, and sensory endings of these neurons, revealing the full extent of their innervation sites in thoracic and abdominal viscera. For instance, vagal and spinal Nav1.8‐expressing endings were seen clearly within the gastrointestinal mucosa and myenteric plexus, respectively. In the gastrointestinal muscle wall, labeled endings included a small subset of vagal tension receptors but not any stretch receptors. We also examined the detailed innervation of key metabolic tissues such as liver and pancreas and evaluated the anatomical relationship of Nav1.8‐expressing vagal afferents with select enteroendocrine cells (i.e., ghrelin, glucagon, GLP‐1). Specifically, our data revealed the presence of Nav1.8‐expressing vagal afferents in several metabolic tissues and varying degrees of proximity between Nav1.8‐expressing mucosal afferents and enteroendocrine cells, including apparent neuroendocrine apposition. In summary, this study demonstrates the power and versatility of the Cre‐LoxP technology to trace identified visceral afferents, and our data suggest a previously unrecognized role for Nav1.8‐expressing vagal neurons in gastrointestinal functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3085–3101, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
General visceral and gustatory connections of the posterior thalamic nucleus of goldfish
Authors: Kato Takeshi , Yamada Yusuke , Yamamoto Naoyuki 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFiber connections of the posterior thalamic nucleus were studied in goldfish. Tracer injections into the rostral part of posterior thalamic nucleus labeled somata and terminals in the medial subnucleus of commissural nucleus of Cajal, secondary general visceral nucleus, a nucleus tentatively identified as the preglomerular general visceral nucleus, torus lateralis, inferior lobar nuclei, preoptic area, dorsal region of medial part of dorsal telencephalic area, and supracommissural part of ventral telencephalic area. Labeled terminals were observed in the lateral subnucleus of commissural nucleus of Cajal; primary gustatory centers, in particular the vagal lobe; and lateral valvular nucleus. Other occasional connections were also observed in a number of structures. The results of tracer injections to the brainstem general visceral and gustatory structures suggested reciprocal connections with the caudal part of posterior thalamic nucleus. These findings suggest that the posterior thalamic nucleus is primarily a general visceral/gustatory structure, serving as a forebrain integration center of visceral information. Descending fibers to the vagal lobe presumably represent a major channel through which the forebrain regulates pharyngeal feeding behavior. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3102–3123, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motoneurons, DUM cells, and sensory neurons in an insect thoracic ganglion: A tracing study in the stick insect Carausius morosus
Authors: Goldammer Jens , Büschges Ansgar , Schmidt Joachim 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAnatomical features of leg motoneurons, dorsal unpaired median (DUM) cells, and sensory neurons in stick insect mesothoracic ganglia were examined using fluorescent dye backfills of lateral nerves. Structures were analyzed in whole‐mounts of ganglia and transverse sections. Numbers of motoneurons and details of their structure by far exceed previously published data. The general neuroanatomical layout of motoneurons matches the general orthopteran pattern. Cell bodies of excitatory motoneurons form clusters in the lateral cortex, dendrites branch mainly in the dorsal neuropil. We identified nine DUM cells, six of which have axons in nerve nl5. Most sensory fibers terminate in the ventral association center (VAC). Twenty‐three small cell bodies located close to the soma of the fast extensor tibiae motoneuron likely belong to strand receptors. Labeled structures are compared with previously published data from stick insects and other orthopterous insects. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:230–257, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neurochemical phenotypes of myenteric neurons in the rhesus monkey
Authors: Noorian Ali Reza , Taylor Georgia M. , Annerino Dana M. , Greene James G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractUnderstanding the neurochemical composition of the enteric nervous system (ENS) is critical for elucidating neurological function in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in health and disease. Despite their status as the closest models of human neurological systems, relatively little is known about enteric neurochemistry in nonhuman primates. We describe neurochemical coding of the enteric nervous system, specifically the myenteric plexus, of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) by immunohistochemistry and directly compare it to human tissues. There are considerable differences in the myenteric plexus along different segments of the monkey GI tract. While acetylcholine neurons make up the majority of myenteric neurons in the stomach (70%), they are a minority in the rectum (47%). Conversely, only 22% of gastric myenteric neurons express nitric oxide synthase (NOS) compared to 52% in the rectum. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is more prominent in the stomach (37%) versus the rest of the GI tract (≈10%), and catecholamine neurons are rare (≈1%). There is significant coexpression of NOS and VIP in myenteric neurons that is more prominent in the proximal GI tract. Taken as a whole, these data provide insight into the neurochemical anatomy underlying GI motility. While overall similarity to other mammalian species is clear, there are some notable differences between the ENS of rhesus monkeys, humans, and other species that will be important to take into account when evaluating models of human diseases in animals. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3387–3401, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Soybean Oil‐Based Thiol Oligomers
Authors: Wu Jennifer F. , Fernando Shashi , Weerasinghe Dimuthu , Chen Zhigang , Webster Dean C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIndustrial grade soybean oil (SBO) and thiols were reacted to generate thiol‐functionalized oligomers via a thermal, free radical initiated thiol–ene reaction between the SBO double bond moieties and the thiol functional groups. The effect of the reaction conditions, including thiol concentration, catalyst loading level, reaction time, and atmosphere, on the molecular weight and the conversion to the resultant soy–thiols were examined in a combinatorial high‐throughput fashion using parallel synthesis, combinatorial FTIR, and rapid gel permeation chromatography (GPC). High thiol functionality and concentration, high thermal free radical catalyst concentration, long reaction time, and the use of a nitrogen reaction atmosphere were found to favor fast consumption of the SBO, and produced high molecular weight products. The thiol conversion during the reaction was inversely affected by a high thiol concentration, but was favored by a long reaction time and an air reaction atmosphere. These experimental observations were explained by the initial low affinity of the SBO and thiol, and the improved affinity between the generated soy–thiol oligomers and unreacted SBO during the reaction. The synthesized soy–thiol oligomers can be used for renewable thiol–ene UV curable materials and high molecular solids and thiourethane thermal cure materials.
On‐line wavelet filtering of narrowband noise in signal detection of spread spectrum system for location tracking
Authors: Luo G. Y. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYSpread spectrum signal transmitted by wireless channel for location tracking can be severely corrupted by noise due to external disturbances. Narrowband noise is the most effective interference that can make measurement signal undetected. However, the current methods for narrowband interference (NBI) suppression are either very time‐consuming or add distortion to the signal received. In this paper, an adaptive Gaussian wavelet filter with optimal time–frequency localization and variable notch depth is proposed to suppress a large number of NBIs with additive white Gaussian noise and pulsed noise that interfere with the spread spectrum communication system. The filtering of both continuous and time‐varying NBIs with fast resampling is performed in conjunction with the fast Fourier transform‐based correlation for peak detection, and is computationally efficient for real‐time operation of signal detection. The performance of the adaptive filter has been evaluated by experiments employing a reliable noise detector. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed wavelet filter isolates the signals from the NBI in accordance with the corrupted frequency contents while preserving the desired spread spectrum signal, and improves signal to noise ratio for peak detection leading to higher accuracy of timing measurement for real‐time wireless location. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.