bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exhaled nitric oxide monitoring does not reduce exacerbation frequency or inhaled corticosteroid dose in paediatric asthma: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pike Katharine , Selby Anna , Price Sophie , Warner John , Connett Gary , Legg Julian , Lucas Jane SA , Peters Sheila , Buckley Hannah , Magier Krzysztof , Foote Keith , Drew Kirsty , Morris Ruth , Lancaster Nikki , Roberts Graham 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIntroductionInhaled corticosteroid therapy (ICS) for asthma is currently modified according to symptoms and lung function. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) has been demonstrated to be a non‐invasive marker of eosinophilic inflammation. Studies of FENO‐driven asthma management show variable success.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate whether monitoring FENO can improve outpatient management of children with moderate to severe asthma using a pragmatic design.MethodsChildren aged 6–17 years with moderate to severe asthma were recruited. Their asthma was stabilised before randomisation to FENO‐driven therapy or to a standard management group where therapy was driven by conventional markers of asthma control. ICS or long‐acting bronchodilator therapies were altered according to FENO levels in combination with reported symptoms in the FENO group. Participants were assessed 2 monthly for 12 months. ICS dose and exacerbation frequency change were compared between groups in an intention to treat analysis.ResultsNinety children were randomised. No difference was found between the two groups in either change in corticosteroid dose or exacerbation frequency. Results were similar in a planned secondary analysis of atopic asthmatics.ConclusionFENO‐guided ICS titration does not appear to reduce corticosteroid usage or exacerbation frequency in paediatric outpatients with moderate to severe asthma. This may reflect limitations in FENO‐driven management algorithms, as there are now concerns that FENO levels relate to atopy as much as they relate to asthma control.
Dental care utilization among dentate adults with asthma: findings from the 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Parker Anthony J. , Yuen Hon K. , Slate Elizabeth H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectives: This study investigated dental care service utilization among dentate adults with asthma and identified factors affecting dental care use among this population.Methods: Data from 414,509 adults in the United States who participated in the 2008 Behavioral and Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to estimate the percentage of dentate adults with asthma who had at least one dental visit within the past year.Results: The proportion of respondents with asthma who had at least one dental visit within the past year compared with the general population was significantly lower (67.4 percent versus 71.2 percent, P < 0.001 for dental visit for any reason; 64.3 percent versus 69.6 percent, P < 0.001 for dental cleaning). The adjusted odds of a dental visit for any reason within the past year for those with asthma were 0.86 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81‐0.91], and for dental cleaning 0.82 (95% CI, 0.78‐0.87) times that of those without asthma, respectively. Multivariable modeling showed dentate adults with asthma who are male, high school or less educated, unemployed, lower income, current smokers, and have lost more than six teeth were less likely to have a dental visit within the past year.Conclusions: Compared with nonasthmatic individuals, dentate adults with asthma had a lower frequency of dental visits in the past year. Given a higher risk of oral disease among this population, heathcare providers should focus more effort on educating certain subgroups of patients with asthma on the importance of regular dental care.
Long‐term trends of coral imports into the United States indicate future opportunities for ecosystem and societal benefits
Authors: Rhyne Andrew L. , Tlusty Michael F. , Kaufman Les 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe international trade in corals used to be primarily a curio trade of dried skeletons, but now focuses on live corals for the marine reef aquarium trade. The trade is still rapidly evolving, creating challenges including the addition of new species that outpace effective management strategies. New species in the live coral trade initially command high prices, but as they become common the price radically decreases with feedback effects to the trade. To understand these trends, 21 years of live coral import data for the United States were assessed. Trade increased over 8% per year between 1990 until the mid‐2000s, and has since decreased by 9% annually. The timing of the peak and decline varies among species, and is a result of the rising popularity of mini‐reef ecosystem aquariums, the global financial crisis, and an increase in aquaculture production. The live coral trade offers opportunities for coral reef ecosystem conservation and sustainable economic benefits to coastal communities, but realization of these externalities will require effective data tracking.
Spatial management of marine resources can enhance the recovery of predators and avoid local depletion of forage fish
Authors: Eero Margit , Vinther Morten , Haslob Holger , Huwer Bastian , Casini Michele , Storr‐Paulsen Marie , Köster Friedrich W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe eastern Baltic cod stock has recently started to recover, after two decades of severe depletion, however with unexpected side effects. The stock has not re‐occupied its former wide distribution range, but remains concentrated in a limited area in the southern Baltic Sea. The biomass of forage fish, i.e., sprat and herring, is historic low in this area, which in combination with increasing cod stock results in locally high predation mortality of forage fish and cannibalism of cod. In line with low prey availability, body weight and nutritional condition of cod drastically declined. In the southern Baltic Sea, cod competes with pelagic fisheries for the limited resources of sprat and herring, while the largest biomass of these species is currently found outside the distribution range of cod. Accounting for spatial overlap between species is crucial in developing ecosystem based fisheries management to enhance the recovery of predator stocks.
Surgical treatment for bronchopleural fistula with omentum covering after pulmonary resection for non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Jiang Feng , Huang Jianfeng , You Qinjun , Yuan Fangliang , Yin Rong , Xu Lin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground:  Bronchopleural fistula is an especially severe complication with a high mortality rate. We investigated the efficiency of our surgical treatments for this severe complication.Methods:  From January 2007 to December 2009, standard surgical resections and systematic lymph node dissections for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were performed on 1178 patients at our institution. Eight patients developed bronchopleural fistulas during the postoperative follow‐up period, and received reoperations. Seven patients underwent additional pneumonectomies, and the omental flap, which was mobilized using a transdiaphragmatic harvesting technique through the usual thoracotomy, was used to cover postpneumonectomy bronchial stump. The other patient, who had received right side pneumonectomy and systemic lymph node dissection, received omental flap stuffing and covering without reclosure of the stump or carinal plasty.Results:  Bronchopleural fistulas after standard surgical resections and systematic lymph node dissections for NSCLC were observed in eight patients (0.68%) in our study. The period between pulmonary resection and the appearance of bronchopleural fistula ranged from eight to 19 days (median 11 days). Repairing of the bronchial fistula was successful in all eight patients and no development of late fistula was found during the follow‐up period. Postoperative hospital stay for undergoing omentoplasty to repair the bronchial fistula ranged between 11 and 23 days (median 15 days). There were no complications related to the omentoplasty procedure.Conclusion:  Transdiaphragmatic harvesting technique of omental flap through a thoracotomy is safe and technically feasible. Surgical treatment for postoperative bronchopleural fistula with omental flap covering is effective.
Insect population curves: modelling and application to butterfly transect data
Authors: Soulsby Richard L. , Thomas Jeremy A. 
Published: July 2012

Summary1. Monitoring the abundance of insect populations is increasingly valuable to understand their population dynamics, plan management strategies and assess the attainment of conservation targets. As monitoring is often constrained in time and space, it is important to have a model of the temporal variation in numbers to enable limited field data to be fitted into a broader framework, and to estimate the total detectable population on a site. We use adult butterflies as a study system, because they are widely monitored, sensitive indicators of environmental change.2. We derive a generic algebraic expression for the shape of the population curve that describes how the number of adult butterflies observed at a site varies through the flight period. This novel expression contains parameters corresponding to total detectable population, start‐date and length of eclosion period, and mean life span. These can be optimised to fit observed series of counts (e.g. butterfly transect data, moth light‐trap counts) for individual species, sites and years, using a reliable grid‐refinement optimisation procedure.3. Assumptions about survivorship and death rate are supported by field observations of the life span of two species tested. The modelled population curve (POPFIT) closely fits observed transect data for three further species.4. We give two simplified methods of estimating the total transect population: from the Index of Abundance and from the peak population. We discuss extrapolation of transect results to estimate total site population, taking account of observed sampling efficiencies.5. Our new method compares favourably with previous models for assessing patterns of population change at monitored sites and can assist with the planning of optimal monitoring strategies. As well as population estimates, it allows standardised phenological parameters to be derived from field data and provides a standard curve for theoretical studies. The method is applicable to all insect species whose adults have distinct, non‐overwintering generations and to all other monitored organisms with similar demographies.
How differences in plant abundance measures produce different species‐abundance distributions
Authors: Anderson Barbara J. , Chiarucci Alessandro , Williamson Mark 
Published: July 2012

Summary1. Species‐abundance distributions (SADs) are a convenient and common method for describing ecological communities. Despite their long history and the cornucopia of theoretical models, which have been suggested to describe them, no agreement has been reached as to which models are best.2. This lack of agreement is in part owing to the inherent differences in the abundance measure used. Discrete measures such as density and point quadrat cover produce a distinct veil line (positive skewness) when compared to continuous measures such as biomass or basal area. We compared two different sets of discrete and continuous abundance measures commonly used to estimate plant abundance, (i) cover (estimated from point quadrats) vs. biomass for 35 quadrats in garigue vegetation on serpentine soil in Tuscany, Italy; and (ii) density vs. basal area for the 2005 50 ha BCI (Panama) tree data. We used marginal plots (ordinary scatter plots with a dotplot of each variable along its own axis) to compare the shape of the SAD based on the two abundance measures.3. The average of all 35 garigue plots gave a reasonably consistent description of the data. In contrast, when all 35 plots were concatenated, or when an individual plot was investigated, the discrete cover marginal plot, but not the continuous biomass plot, was truncated. The discrete density marginal plot, but not the continuous basal area plot was also truncated.4. We highlighted the substantial effect that the species‐abundance measure selected has on the shape of the SAD by comparing measures of skewness and kurtosis. This suggests that communities sampled using different abundance methods may fit different theoretical models best, not because they are fundamentally different but because the abundance measure is fundamentally different. Averaging over all the quadrats produced a better correspondence between the two abundance methods. Aside from the theoretical aspects of model fitting, our results clearly show that comparisons of communities or meta‐analyses using SADs based on different measures of abundance should be treated with caution.
Chebyshev
Collocation Spectral Method for Three-Dimensional Transient Coupled Radiative–Conductive Heat
Transfer
Authors: Sun Ya-Song , Ma Jing , Li Ben-Wen 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
A Chebyshev collocation spectral method (CSM) is presented to solve transient coupled radiative and conductive heat transfer in three-dimensional absorbing, emitting, and scattering medium in Cartesian coordinates. The walls of the enclosures are considered to be opaque, diffuse, and gray and have specified temperature boundary conditions. The CSM is adopted to solve both the radiative transfer equation (RTE) and energy conservation equation in spatial domain, and the discrete ordinates method (DOM) is used for angular discretization of RTE. The exponential convergence characteristic of the CSM for transient coupled radiative and conductive heat transfer is studied. The results using the CSM show very satisfactory calculations comparing with available results in the literature. Based on this method, the effects of various parameters, such as the scattering albedo, the conduction–radiation parameter, the wall emissivity, and the optical thickness, are analyzed.
Anthropology in and of the Archives: Possible Futures and Contingent Pasts. Archives as Anthropological Surrogates
Authors: Zeitlyn David 
Published: July 2012

Derrida and Foucault provide key starting points to understanding archives. They see archives as hegemonic, characterizing ways of thought, modes of colonization, and the control of citizens. However, they also make clear that archives can be read subversively. With patience, counter-readings allow the excavation of the voices (sometimes names) of subaltern and otherwise suppressed others from the archive. By reading along and across the archival grain, researchers can follow the development of ideas and processes across historical periods. Archives can be seen as orphanages, containing surrogates of performances. Archives (paper and digital) also provide access to the results of anthropological research in ways mandated by ethics codes, but these are subject to controversy. What sorts of consent and what sorts of anonymization should be provided? Archives run by the groups traditionally studied by anthropologists provide models of radical archives that are very different from those conceived of by traditional archivists. Read a French translation of this article.
Increased Caffeine Intake Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin
Authors: Song Fengju , Qureshi Abrar A. , Han Jiali 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Studies in animals suggest that caffeine administration helps prevent squamous cell skin cancer development, but there have been limited epidemiologic studies on the association between caffeine consumption and skin cancer risk. Using data from the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we prospectively examined risks of basal cell carcinoma (BCC, 22,786 cases), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, 1,953 cases), and melanoma (741 cases) in relation to caffeine intake. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The amount of caffeine intake from all dietary sources was inversely associated with BCC risk. Compared with the lowest quintile, the highest quintile had the lowest risk (RR, 0.82 in women; 95% CI:,0.77–0.86 and RR, 0.87 in men; 95% CI, 0.81–0.94; Ptrend &lt; 0.0001 in both). A significant inverse association was also found between caffeinated coffee consumption and BCC risk. Compared with individuals who consumed caffeinated coffee less than 1 cup per month, women who consumed more than 3 cups/d had the lowest risk (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.74–0.85; Ptrend &lt; 0.0001) and the RR for men was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.80–1.01; Ptrend = 0.003). Caffeine from other dietary sources (tea, cola, and chocolate) was also inversely associated with BCC risk. Decaffeinated coffee consumption was not associated with a similar decrease in BCC risk. In contrast, caffeine intake was not found to be inversely associated with risks of SCC or melanoma. Our findings argue that caffeine intake in men and women is inversely associated with risk of BCC. Cancer Res; 72(13); 3282–9. ©2012 AACR.
Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 Controls Cross-talk between Apoptosis and Autophagy to Determine Antiestrogen Responsiveness
Authors: Cook Katherine L. , Shajahan Ayesha N. , Wärri Anni , Jin Lu , Hilakivi-Clarke Leena A. , Clarke Robert 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
While more than 70% of breast cancers express estrogen receptor-α (ER+), endocrine therapies targeting these receptors often fail. The molecular mechanisms that underlie treatment resistance remain unclear. We investigated the potential role of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in mediating estrogen resistance. Human breast tumors showed increased GRP78 expression when compared with normal breast tissues. However, GRP78 expression was reduced in ER+ breast tumors compared with HER2-amplifed or triple-negative breast tumors. ER+ antiestrogen-resistant cells and ER+ tumors with an acquired resistant antiestrogen phenotype were both shown to overexpress GRP78, which was not observed in cases of de novo resistance. Knockdown of GRP78 restored antiestrogen sensitivity in resistant cells, and overexpression of GRP78 promoted resistance in sensitive cells. Mechanistically, GRP78 integrated multiple cellular signaling pathways to inhibit apoptosis and stimulate prosurvival autophagy, which was dependent on TSC2/AMPK-mediated mTOR inhibition but not on beclin-1. Inhibition of autophagy prevented GRP78-mediated endocrine resistance, whereas caspase inhibition abrogated the resensitization that resulted from GRP78 loss. Simultaneous knockdown of GRP78 and beclin-1 synergistically restored antiestrogen sensitivity in resistant cells. Together, our findings reveal a novel role for GRP78 in the integration of cellular signaling pathways including the unfolded protein response, apoptosis, and autophagy to determine cell fate in response to antiestrogen therapy. Cancer Res; 72(13); 3337–49. ©2012 AACR.
Large-Scale Diagnostics of Tropical Cyclogenesis Potential Using Environment Variability Metrics and Logistic Regression Models
Authors: Waters Jeffrey J. , Evans Jenni L. , Forest Chris E. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The authors propose that inclusion of medium- to high-frequency variability information will provide improved metrics of tropical cyclogenesis (TCG) applicable to climate GCM diagnostics. Capabilities of the Community Atmosphere Model version 3.1 (CAM3.1) GCM are assessed for detecting both large-scale and localized conditions for TCG in the tropical North Atlantic by comparison with the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and observed TCG occurrences. CAM3.1 seasonality of large-scale environmental factors conducive to TCG compares favorably with the ERA-40. It is determined that most of the TCG-related high-frequency temporal variability in the ERA-40 is explained by dynamic variability; each of the CAM3.1 ensemble members has lower variability in these dynamic fields. Seventeen environmental variables are evaluated as potential indicators of TCG activity based on daily anomalous variability with respect to a 15-day base period. Principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to synthesize these into a set of uncorrelated parameters. ERA-40 PCA composite variables are used to develop logistic and Poisson regression models for TCG detection and frequency in the North Atlantic main development region. Some skill metrics for the logistic model are promising, but the threat score and hit rate signify that further development of the logistic regression model is warranted; results from the Poisson regression model based on the same inputs are weaker, implying that weighting by TCG counts does not improve the results. These findings indicate merit in incorporating medium- to high-frequency variability in TCG metrics for diagnostics of seasonal activity and for application to climate models.
Quality Control Algorithms for the Kennedy Space Center 50-MHz Doppler Radar Wind Profiler Winds Database
Authors: Barbré Robert E. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This paper presents the process used by the Marshall Space Flight Center Natural Environments Branch (EV44) to quality control (QC) data from the Kennedy Space Center’s 50-MHz Doppler radar wind profiler (DRWP) for use in vehicle wind loads and steering commands. The database has been built to mitigate limitations of using the currently archived databases from weather balloons. The DRWP database contains wind measurements from approximately 2.7- to 18.6-km altitude at roughly 5-min intervals for the August 1997–December 2009 period of record, and the extensive QC process was designed to remove spurious data from various forms of atmospheric and nonatmospheric artifacts. The QC process is largely based on DRWP literature, but two new algorithms have been developed to remove data contaminated by convection and excessive first-guess propagations from the median filter/first-guess algorithm. In addition to describing the automated and manual QC process in detail, this paper describes the extent of the data retained. Roughly 58% of all possible wind observations exist in the database, with approximately 100 times as many complete profile sets existing relative to the EV44 balloon databases. This increased sample of near-continuous wind profile measurements may help increase launch availability by reducing the uncertainty of wind changes during launch countdown.
New Mössbauer measurements of Fe3+/ΣFe in chromites from the mantle section of the Oman ophiolite: evidence for the oxidation of the sub-oceanic mantle
Authors: Rollinson H. , Adetunji J. , Yousif A. A. , Gismelseed A. M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRoom temperature Mössbauer and electron-probe measurements of Fe3+/ΣFe in chromite from the mantle section of the Oman ophiolite define two groups of samples: a low Fe3+/ΣFe group (with Fe3+/ΣFe = 0.21–0.36) have cr# = Cr/(Cr + Al) in the range 0.49–0.75, whereas a smaller more geographically localized high Fe3+/ΣFe group (with Fe3+/ΣFe = 0.71–0.78) have a more restricted range of cr# ratios of 0.72–0.75. The low Fe3+/ΣFe chromitites have very variable Fe3+/ΣFe ratios. They are thought to have crystallized from melts that have interacted with depleted mantle and thereby acquired their variable Fe3+/ΣFe ratio. The high Fe3+/ΣFe chromitites are restricted to one small area of the mantle and their high oxidation state is thought to be post magmatic. They are either the product of later heating, related to melt flux or interaction with a later oxidising melt. A difference in oxygen fugacity between the MORB-depleted harzburgite host, which is at the quartz–fayalite–magnetite (QFM) buffer and the later chromite-bearing melts (QFM + 2) implies that there is a real difference in the oxidation state of the MORB and arc-magma sources.