bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tight Upper Bound for the Maximal Expectation Value of the N$N$‐Partite Generalized Svetlichny Operator
Authors: Xiao Youwang , Wang Zong , Zhao Wen‐Na , Li Ming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGenuine multipartite non‐locality is not only of fundamental interest but also serves as an important resource for quantum information theory. The ‐partite scenario and provide an analytical upper bound on the maximal expectation value of the generalized Svetlichny inequality achieved by an arbitrary ‐qubit system is considered. Furthermore, the constraints on quantum states for which the upper bound is tight are also presented and illustrated by noisy generalized Greenberger‐Horne‐Zeilinger states. Especially, the new techniques proposed to derive the upper bound allow more insights into the structure of the generalized Svetlichny operator and enable us to systematically investigate the relevant properties. As an operational approach, the variation of the correlation matrix defined makes it more convenient to search for suitable unit vectors that satisfy the tightness conditions. Finally, the results give feasible experimental implementations in detecting the genuine multipartite non‐locality and can potentially be applied to other quantum information processing tasks.
LiF/Li3N‐Rich Electrode–Electrolyte Interfaces Enabled by Multi‐Functional Electrolyte Additive to Achieve High‐Performance Li/LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Batteries
Authors: Lei Yue , Xu Xin , Yin Junying , Xi Kang , Wei Lai , Zheng Junzi , Wang Yuhao , Wu Haihua , Jiang Sen , Gao Yunfang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLiPF6‐based carbonate electrolytes have been extensively employed in commercial Li‐ion batteries, but they face numerous interfacial stability challenges while applicating in high‐energy‐density lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, this work proposes N‐succinimidyl trifluoroacetate (NST) as a multifunctional electrolyte additive to address these challenges. NST additive could optimize Li+ solvation structure and eliminate HF/H2O in the electrolyte, and preferentially be decomposed on the Ni‐rich cathode (LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, NCM811) to generate LiF/Li3N‐rich cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) with high conductivity. The synergistic effect reduces the electrolyte decomposition and inhibits the transition metal (TM) dissolution. Meanwhile, NST promotes the creation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) rich in inorganics on the Li metal anode (LMA), which restrains the growth of Li dendrites, minimizes parasitic reactions, and fosters rapid Li+ transport. As a result, compared with the reference, the Li/LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cell with 1.0 wt.% NST exhibits higher capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1C (86.4% vs. 64.8%) and better rate performance, even at 9C. In the presence of NST, the Li/Li symmetrical cell shows a super‐stable cyclic performance beyond 500 h at 0.5 mA cm−2/0.5 mAh cm−2. These unique features of NST are a promising solution for addressing the interfacial deterioration issue of high‐capacity Ni‐rich cathodes paired with LMA.
Voltage‐ and Metal‐assisted Chemical Etching of Micro and Nano Structures in Silicon: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Surdo Salvatore , Barillaro Giuseppe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSculpting silicon at the micro and nano scales has been game‐changing to mold bulk silicon properties and expand, in turn, applications of silicon beyond electronics, namely, in photonics, sensing, medicine, and mechanics, to cite a few. Voltage‐ and metal‐assisted chemical etching (ECE and MaCE, respectively) of silicon in acidic electrolytes have emerged over other micro and nanostructuring technologies thanks to their unique etching features. ECE and MaCE have enabled the fabrication of novel structures and devices not achievable otherwise, complementing those feasible with the deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) technology, the gold standard in silicon machining. Here, a comprehensive review of ECE and MaCE for silicon micro and nano machining is provided. The chemistry and physics ruling the dissolution of silicon are dissected and similarities and differences between ECE and MaCE are discussed showing that they are the two sides of the same coin. The processes governing the anisotropic etching of designed silicon micro and nanostructures are analyzed, and the modulation of etching profile over depth is discussed. The preparation of micro‐ and nanostructures with tailored optical, mechanical, and thermo(electrical) properties is then addressed, and their applications in photonics, (bio)sensing, (nano)medicine, and micromechanical systems are surveyed. Eventually, ECE and MaCE are benchmarked against DRIE, and future perspectives are highlighted.
Theory‐Guided Experimental Design of Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhao Chengxiao , Li Zhaolin , Wu Xinzhao , Su Hengwei , Bai Fu‐quan , Ran Xia , Yang Liuqing , Fang Weiwei , Yang Xiaofei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe high crystalline covalent triazine framework‐1 (CTF‐1), composed of alternating triazine and phenylene, has emerged as an efficient photocatalyst for solar‐driven hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, it is of great challenge to further improve photocatalytic HER performance via increasing crystallinity due to its near‐perfect crystallization. Herein, an alternative strategy of scaffold functionalization is employed to optimize the energy band structure of crystalline CTF‐1 for boosting hydrogen‐evolving activity. Guided by the computational predictions, versatile CTF‐based polymer photocatalysts are prepared with different functional groups (OH, NH2, COOH) using binary polymerization for practical hydrogen production. Experiment evidence verifies that the introduction of a limited number of electron‐donating groups is sufficient to maintain high crystallinity in CTF, modulate the band structure, broaden visible light absorption, and consequently enhance its photophysical properties. Notably, the functionalization with OH exhibits the most positive effect on CTF‐1, delivering a photocatalytic activity with a hydrogen‐producing rate exceeding 100 µmol h−1.
A Novel Perspective on Enhancing Photocatalytic Performance through the Synergistic Effect of Nd Single Atoms and Heterostructures
Authors: Ge Shuang , An Jing , Wang Qiuye , Li Minze , Wang Dingsheng , Wang Guofeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere are few reports on lanthanide single atom modified catalysts, as the role of the 4f levels in photocatalysis is difficult to explain clearly. Here, the synergistic effect of 4f levels of Nd and heterostructures is studied by combining steady‐state, transient, and ultrafast spectral analysis techniques with DFT theoretical calculations based on the construction of Nd single atom modified black phosphorus/g‐C3N4 (BP/CN) heterojunctions. As expected, the generation rates of CO and CH4 of the optimized heterostructure are 7.44 and 6.85 times higher than those of CN, and 8.43 and 9.65 times higher than those of BP, respectively. The Nd single atoms can not only cause surface reconstruction and regulate the active sites of BP, but also accelerate charge separation and transfer, further suppressing the recombination of electron‐hole pairs. The electrons can transfer from g‐C3N4:Nd to BP:Nd, with a transfer time of ≈11.4 ps, while the radiation recombination time of electron‐hole pairs of g‐C3N4 is ≈26.13 µs, indicating that the construction of heterojunctions promotes charge transfer. The 2P1/2/2G9/2/4G7/2/2H11/2/4F7/2→4I9/2 emissions from Nd3+ can also be absorbed by heterostructures, which improves the utilization of light. The energy change of the key rate measurement step CO2*→COOH* decreases through Nd single atom modification.
Multienzyme‐Like Polyoxometalate‐Based Single‐Atom Enzymes for Cancer‐Specific Therapy Through Acid‐Triggered Nontoxicity‐to‐Toxicity Transition
Authors: Ge Xiyang , Yin Yiyan , Wang Xiaoni , Gao Yixuan , Guan Xiaowen , Sun Jianghui , Ouyang Jin , Na Na 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSingle‐atom enzymes (SAzymes) exhibit great potential for chemodynamic therapy (CDT); while, general application is still challenged by their instability and unavoidable side effects during delivery. Herein, a manganese‐based polyoxometalate single‐atom enzyme (Mn‐POM SAE) is first introduced into tumor‐specific CDT, which exhibits tumor microenvironment (TME)‐activated transition of nontoxicity‐to‐toxicity. Different from traditional POM materials, the aggregates of low‐toxic Mn‐POM SAE nanospheres are obtained at neutral conditions, facilitating efficient delivery and avoiding toxicity problems in normal tissues. Under acid TME conditions, these nanospheres are degraded into smaller units of toxic Mn(II)‐PW11; thus, initiating cancer cell‐specific therapy. The released active units of Mn(II)‐PW11 exhibit excellent multienzyme‐like activities (including peroxidase (POD)‐like, oxidase (OXD)‐like, catalase (CAT)‐like, and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx)‐like activities) for the synergistic cancer therapy due to the stabilized high valence Mn species (MnIII/MnIV). As demonstrated by both intracellular evaluations and in vivo experiments, ROS is generated to cause damage to lysosome membranes, further facilitating acidification and impaired autophagy to enhance cancer therapy. This study provides a detailed investigation on the acid‐triggered releasing of active units and the electron transfer in multienzyme‐mimic‐like therapy, further enlarging the application of POMs from catalytical engineering into cancer therapy.
In Situ Loading of Ni3ZnC0.7 Nanoparticles with Carbon Nanotubes to 3D Melamine Sponge Derived Hollow Carbon Skeleton toward Superior Microwave Absorption and Thermal Resistance
Authors: Liu Ruilin , Wang YuKun , Wang Peng , Kimura Hideo , Wang Baolei , Hou Chuanxin , Sun Xueqin , Du Wei , Xie Xiubo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe simple and low‐cost construction of a 3D network structure is an ideal way to prepare high‐performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials. Herein, a series of carbon skeleton/carbon nanotubes/Ni3ZnC0.7 composites (CS/CNTs/Ni3ZnC0.7) are successfully prepared by in situ growth of Ni3ZnC0.7 and CNTs on 3D melamine sponge carbon. With the increase of precursor, Ni3ZnC0.7 nanoparticles nucleate and catalyze the generation of CNTs on the surface of the carbon skeleton. The minimum reflection loss (RL) value of the S60min composite (loading time of 60 min) reaches ‐86.6 dB at 1.6 mm and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL≤−10 dB) is up to 9.3 GHz (8.7–18 GHz). The 3D network sponge carbon with layered micro/nanostructure and hollow skeleton promotes multiple reflection and absorption mechanisms of incident EMW. The N‐doping and defects can be equivalent to an electric dipole, providing dipole polarization to increase dielectric relaxation. The uniform Ni3ZnC0.7 nanoparticles and CNTs play a key role in dissipating electromagnetic energy, blocking heat transfer, and enhancing the mechanical properties of the skeleton. Fortunately, the composite displays a quite low thermal conductivity of 0.09075 W m·K−1 and good flexibility, which can provide insulation and quickly recover to its original state after being stressed.
Modelling Human Gut‐Microbiome Interactions in a 3D Bioelectronic Platform
Authors: Moysidou Chrysanthi‐Maria , van Niekerk Douglas C. , Stoeger Verena , Pitsalidis Charalampos , Draper Lorraine A. , Withers Aimee M. , Hughes Katherine , McCoy Reece , Acharya Rachana , Hill Colin , Owens Róisín M. 
Published: April 2024

The role of the gut microbiome in various aspects of health and disease is now a well‐established concept in modern biomedicine. Numerous studies have revealed links between host health and microbial activity, spanning from digestion and metabolism to autoimmune disorders, stress and neuroinflammation. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this complex cross‐talk still remain a mystery. Conventionally, studies examining host‐microbiome interactions rely on animal models, but translation of such findings into human systems is challenging. Bioengineered models represent a highly promisingapproach for tackling such challenges. Here, a bioelectronic platform, the e‐transmembrane, is used to establish a 3D model of human intestine, to study the effects of microbiota on gut barrier integrity. More specifically, how postbiotics and live bacteria impact the morphology and function of the intestinal barrier is evaluated. e‐Transmembrane devices provide a means for in‐line and label‐free continuous monitoring of host‐microbe cross‐talk using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, revealing distinct patterns that emerge over 24 hours. Microscopy and quantification of molecular biomarkers further validate the differential effects of each bacterial intervention on the host tissue. In addition, a framework to better study and screen drug candidates and potential therapeutic/dietary interventions, such as postbiotics and probiotics, in more physiologically relevant human models is provided.
Exceptional Stability against Water, UV Light, and Heat for CsPbBr3@Pb‐MOF Composites
Authors: Wang Chenxu , Yan Lihe , Si Jinhai , Wang Ning , Li Ting , Hou Xun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAll‐inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have been widely applied in optoelectronic devices owing to their excellent photoluminescence (PL) properties. However, poor stability upon exposure to water, UV light or heat strongly limits their practical application. Herein, CsPbBr3@Pb‐MOF composites with exceptional stability against water, UV light, and heat are synthesized by ultrasonic processing the precursors of lead‐based MOF (Pb‐MOF), oleylammonium bromide (OAmBr) and cesium oleate (Cs‐OA) solutions at room temperature. Pb‐MOF can not only provide the lead source for the in situ growth of CsPbBr3 NCs, but also the protective layer of perovskites NCs. The formed CsPbBr3@Pb‐MOF composites show a considerable PL quantum yield (PLQY) of 67.8%, and can maintain 90% of the initial PL intensity when immersed in water for 2 months. In addition, the outstanding PL stability against UV light and heat is demonstrated with CsPbBr3 NCs synthesized by the conventional method as a comparison. Finally, a green (light‐emitting diode) LED is fabricated using green‐emitting CsPbBr3@Pb‐MOF composites and exhibits excellent stability without packaging when immersed in water for 30 days. This study provides a practical approach to improve the stability in aqueous phase, which may pave the way for future applications for various optoelectronic devices.
SAFe‐Health: Guarding federated learning‐driven smart healthcare with federated defense averaging against data poisoning
Authors: Mali Bhabesh , Singh Pranav Kumar , Mazumdar Nabajyoti 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFederated learning (FL) serves as a decentralized training framework for machine learning (ML) models, preserving data privacy in critical domains such as smart healthcare. However, it has been found that attackers can exploit this decentralized learning framework to perform data and model poisoning attacks, specifically in FL‐driven smart healthcare. This work delves into the realm of FL‐driven smart healthcare systems, consisting of multiple hospitals based architecture and focusing on heart disease detection using FL. We carry out data poisoning attacks, using two different attacking methods, label flipping attack and input data/feature manipulation attack to demonstrate that such FL‐driven smart healthcare systems are vulnerable to attacks. To guard the system against such attack, we propose a novel federated averaging defense mechanism to stop the identified poisoned clients in weight aggregation. This mechanism effectively detects and thwarts data poisoning attempts by identifying compromised clients during weight aggregation. The proposed mechanism is based on the idea of weighted averaging, where each client's contribution is weighted according to its trustworthiness. The proposed work addresses a critical gap in the literature by focusing on the often‐overlooked issue of poisoning attacks in tabular text datasets, which are crucial to the smart healthcare system. We conduct the testbed‐based experiment to demonstrate that the proposed mechanism is effectively detecting and mitigating data poisoning attacks in selected FL‐driven smart healthcare scenarios, while maintaining high accuracy and convergence rates.
Properties of Oxidized Potato Starch–Potassium Alum Mixtures, and Their Application in Starch Noodles
Authors: Huang Shijie , Liu Xinfang , Zhang Xiaoyu , He Xiangxiang , Ren Guoyan , Luo Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study explores the effects of potassium alum (PA) on oxidized potato starch (OS) with a carboxyl content of 0.0186%, in terms of their pasting and rheological properties. Furthermore, the application of oxidized starch in the manufacturing of starch noodles is investigated. The results indicate a positive correlation between pasting temperature and PA content (65.6–67.7 °C), while showing a negative correlation with peak viscosity (409–236 BU). The addition of PA leads to reduced dynamic moduli (G′' and G″), consistency coefficient (K), and hysteresis area, accompanied by an elevated fluid behavior index (n). Shear recovery assays demonstrate a positive correlation between PA content and shear resistance, with recovery rates escalating from 76% to 84%. The mouthfeel of starch noodles produced using oxidized starch exhibit comparable to commercial counterparts (PA content 0.35%), but with lower PA levels (at 0.2%). Additionally, these starch noodles have a higher whiteness compared to starch noodles made with potato starch.
Typification of the Lace Lichen,Ramalina menziesiiTaylor—and its synonyms—reiterates the need for complete typification of names for well‐known or iconic taxa
Authors: LaGreca Scott , Tocci Genevieve E. , Briscoe Laura , Lendemer James C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA lectotype is designated for the name of the iconic and well‐known macrolichenRamalina menziesiiTaylor from among a suite of largely overlooked syntypes deposited in the Thomas Taylor Herbarium at the Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University. Lectotypes are also selected for the synonyms ofR. menziesii:Chlorodictyon foliosum,Ramalina reticulata(≡Lichen reticulatusNoehd., nom. illeg.) andR. retiformis. The place of publication of L. reticulatusNoehd. is discussed in detail. The case highlights the surprising degree to which the application of names for taxa that have been extensively studied and are widely known outside a narrow specialist field, can remain unresolved.
Shaping patient perceptions with healthcare supply chain transparency
Authors: Duan Yanji , Xu Jing , Zhao Mei , An Lian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHealthcare professionals continually face pressure for increased transparency in their supply chains (SCs). This research examines how healthcare SC information disclosures and physician operations influence patient perceptions (i.e., satisfaction with physicians and attitude toward healthcare service providers). Evidence from prior research might not be applicable in the healthcare context because of intense regulations and safety concerns. Moreover, previous studies have mostly adopted an internal, operational perspective. By contrast, we provide healthcare professionals with guidance on how to maximize patient perceptions. Anchoring on signaling theory and construal level theory of psychological distance, we examine whether and how the disclosed information in a healthcare context influences patients' perceptions with two vignette‐based studies. In contrast with literature on SC transparency, we do not find a main effect of SC disclosures in healthcare. Instead, the effects depend on the content disclosed. We find that spatial and temporal distances of the healthcare SC significantly influence patients' perceptions. Furthermore, a three‐way interaction shows that by strategically disclosing manufacturing and distribution information, especially when these occur close to the patient's home country, and incorporating service recovery actions, such as closer follow‐ups, professionals can maximize patient perception outcomes.
Genetic and multi‐omic risk assessment of Alzheimer's disease implicates core associated biological domains
Authors: Cary Gregory A. , Wiley Jesse C. , Gockley Jake , Keegan Stephen , Amirtha Ganesh Sai Sruthi , Heath Laura , Butler Robert R. , Mangravite Lara M. , Logsdon Benjamin A. , Longo Frank M. , Levey Allan , Greenwood Anna K. , Carter Gregory W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the predominant dementia globally, with heterogeneous presentation and penetrance of clinical symptoms, variable presence of mixed pathologies, potential disease subtypes, and numerous associated endophenotypes. Beyond the difficulty of designing treatments that address the core pathological characteristics of the disease, therapeutic development is challenged by the uncertainty of which endophenotypic areas and specific targets implicated by those endophenotypes to prioritize for further translational research. However, publicly funded consortia driving large‐scale open science efforts have produced multiple omic analyses that address both disease risk relevance and biological process involvement of genes across the genome.METHODSHere we report the development of an informatic pipeline that draws from genetic association studies, predicted variant impact, and linkage with dementia associated phenotypes to create a genetic risk score. This is paired with a multi‐omic risk score utilizing extensive sets of both transcriptomic and proteomic studies to identify system‐level changes in expression associated with AD. These two elements combined constitute our target risk score that ranks AD risk genome‐wide. The ranked genes are organized into endophenotypic space through the development of 19 biological domains associated with AD in the described genetics and genomics studies and accompanying literature. The biological domains are constructed from exhaustive Gene Ontology (GO) term compilations, allowing automated assignment of genes into objectively defined disease‐associated biology. This rank‐and‐organize approach, performed genome‐wide, allows the characterization of aggregations of AD risk across biological domains.RESULTSThe top AD‐risk‐associated biological domains are Synapse, Immune Response, Lipid Metabolism, Mitochondrial Metabolism, Structural Stabilization, and Proteostasis, with slightly lower levels of risk enrichment present within the other 13 biological domains.DISCUSSIONThis provides an objective methodology to localize risk within specific biological endophenotypes and drill down into the most significantly associated sets of GO terms and annotated genes for potential therapeutic targets.