bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of circulating interferon in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Suggestion against an autoimmune etiology
Authors: CAPOBIANCHI M R , FAIS S , DI PAOLO M C , AGOSTINI D , PAOLUZI P , PALLONE F , DIANZANI F 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWhether inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) can be classified as autoimmune disorders is not established. Since circulating acid-labile interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is believed to reflect autoimmune reactions, we tested sera from two groups of IBD patients for the presence of circulating IFN. No detectable IFN was found in 51 serum samples of IBD patients. Furthermore, in no serum sample of IBD patients were neutralizing anti-IFN antibodies found. In contrast, acid-labile IFN-αwas present in sera from 21/52 HIV-infected and from 6/14 systemic lupus erythematosus patients. These observations provide evidence that IBD differs from systemic autoimmune disorders, at least for the presence of circulating IFN.
Renal allograft rejection: induction and function of adhesion molecules on cultured epithelial cells
Authors: LIN Y , KIRBY J A , CLARK K , SHENTON B K , FORSYTHE J L R , PROUD G , TAYLOR R M R 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe interaction of graft-infiltrating immune cells with donor parenchymal cells is an important early event in allograft rejection. This binding is stabilized by interaction of antigen-independent ‘adhesion’ molecules expressed on the two cell types. As the level of expression of these molecules can be altered during inflammation, a series of experiments was performed to examine the effects of the inflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on adhesion molecules expressed by cultured human renal tubular epithelial cells. These cells constitutively expressed ICAM-1 and LFA-3. Incubation with IFN-γ increased expression of ICAM-1 but had no significant effect on expression of LFA-3 (P&gt;0·05). Incubation with TNF-γ increased expression of both ICAM-1 and LFA-3; IFN-γ synergized with TNF-α to further augment expression of these molecules. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) showed an enhanced binding to allogeneic renal epithelial cell monolayers which had been pretreated with IFN-γ or TNF-α. MoAbs specific for ICAM-1 or its ligand LFA-1 inhibited adhesion of PBL to either IFN-γ- or TNF-α pretreated renal cells. By contrast, antibodies specific for LFA-3 or its ligand CD2 only significantly blocked PBL adhesion to renal cells which had been pretreated with TNF-α. Combination of antibodies specific for multiple components of the adhesion systems produced greater inhibition of adhesion than was produced by any single MoAb. These results suggest that the inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α up-regulate expression of functional ICAM-1 and LFA-3 molecules which can augment the binding of potentially graft-damaging lymphoid cells to renal tubular epithelial cells.
Mesangial sclerotic change with persistent proteinuria in rats after two consecutive injections of monoclonal antibody 1–22–3
Authors: KAWACHI H , IWANAGA T , TOYABE S , OITE T , SHIMIZU F 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIrreversible mesangial changes with persistenl proteinuria were induced in rats given two consecutive injections 2 weeks apart of a MoAb 1–22–3 to rat mesangial cell. The characteristics of the resulting lesions were investigated and compared with those of the reversible change induced by a single injection. At 24 h after the second injection, mesangiolytic changes similar to those after a single injection were evident. The accumulation of macrophagc-like cells in glomeruli observed at I week after the first injection was not evident during the experimental period after the second injection. Hypercellularity with the characteristics of intrinsic mesangial cell and increased mesangial matrix were already present I week after the second injection. And mesangial sclerotic change progressed up to 6 months. Deposition of collagen type I and type III and accumulation of collagen fibril at the ullraslructural level were evident in rats 6 months after the second injection. Proteinuria started immediately and continued for more than 6 months after the second injection. The mesangial sclerotic change with persistent proteinuria described here is considered to be a better model for investigating the mechanism of chronic progression of human mesangial proliferative glomerulo-nephritis.
CD4-independent binding of HIV-1 to the B lymphocyte receptor CR2 (CD21) in the presence of complement and antibody
Authors: MONTEFIORI D C , ZHOU J , SHAFF D I 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYComplement and antibody contribute to infection-enhancement and possible expanded cellular tropism of HIV-1 in vitro through a process requiring complement receptors. Until now, however, the ability of HIV-1 to bind complement receptors has not been documented or characterized. We investigated whether antibody and complement permitted HIV-1 to bind to the B lymphocyte receptor, CR2 (CD21), in an effort to learn more about infection-enhancement, and also because CR2 can mediate B cell proliferation and antigen localization in lymphoid organs in other systems. HIV-1 incubated with antibody and fresh human serum as a source of complement bound approximately 10-fold greater to cells expressing CR2 than to HIV-1-permissive cells lacking this receptor. A similar effect was observed using cells which expressed CR2 but no CD4. This binding was minimal in heat-inactivated and C3-deficient sera, and was significantly reduced by the anti-CR2 MoAb, OKB7, but not by the anti-CD4 MoAb, OKT4a. Thus, complement and antibody acted in concert to facilitate the binding of HIV-1 to CR2 independently of CD4. CD4-independent binding of HIV-1 to CR2 was not sufficient to produce infection in Raji-3 cells. Titres of antibodies mediating CR2 binding correlated with antibody titres as measured by immunofluorescenee (P &lt; 0.01) and infection-enhancement (P &lt; 0.05) but were discordant with titres of neutralizing antibodies, a result consistent with the utilization of CR2 for enhanced infection of cells. The ability of complement and antibody to facilitate the binding of HIV-1 to CR2 in the absence of CD4 provides new insights into mechanisms of HIV-1-induced immunopathogenesis and infection-enhancement.
Cystic ovaries in women affected with hereditary angioedema
Authors: PERRICONE R , PASETTO N , DE CAROLIS C , VAQUERO E , NOCCIOLI G , PANERAI A E , FONTANA L 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
Polycystic ovary (PCO) syndrome is biochemically characterized by abnormal gonadotropin secretion and polycystic ovaries associated with increase in size and functional activity of stromal tissue; multifollicular ovaries (MFO) are defined by the presence of multiple cysts with no increase in stromal tissue. A central (hypothalamic-pituitary) abnormality, including high plasma /?-endorphin (BE) concentrations without simultaneous elevation of ACTH, was reported for subjects with PCO syndrome. Since we have found the presence of high plasma BE concentrations in hereditary angioedema (H ANE) during attacks as well as during symptom-free periods, we studied, by means of pelvic ultrasound scanning employed to determine the prevalence of PCO and of MFO, 13 women of reproductive age affected with HAN E who were not on oral contraceptives. We have found PCO in 5/ 13 (38.4%) and MFO in 7/13 (53.8%) HANE patients. Nine patients had oligomenorrhoea (five with PCO, three with MFO, one with normal ovaries), five (three with PCO, two with MFO) were hirsute and only one (with MFO) had weight loss. No patient was obese. Mean plasma LH, testosterone, prolactin, cortisol and ACTH concentrations were normal, while FSH was significantly reduced and LH/FSH ratio increased. BE concentrations were significantly high in all the patients studied. Our results clearly demonstrate that women with HANE frequently have cystic ovaries (polycystic or multifollicular) in the presence of high BE concentrations.
An altered repertoire of T cell receptor V gene expression by rheumatoid synovial fluid T lymphocytes
Authors: LUNARDI C , MARGUERIE C , SO A K 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe pattern of T cell receptor V gene expression by lymphocytes from rheumatoid synovial fluid and paired peripheral blood samples was compared using a polymerasc chain reaction (PCR)-based assay. Eight rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who had varying durations of disease (from 2 to 20 years) were studied. In all patients there was evidence of a different pattern of V gene expression between the two compartments. Significantly increased expression of at least one Vα or Vβ gene family by synovial fluid T cells was observed in all the patients studied. Three different Vα (Vα 10, 15 and 18) and three Vβ (Vβ 4, 5 and 13) families were commonly elevated. Sequencing of synovial Vβ transcripts demonstrated that the basis of increased expression of selected V gene families in the synovial fluid was due to the presence of dominant clonotypes within those families, which constituted up to 53% of the sequences isolated from one particular synovial V gene family. There were considerable differences in the NDJ sequences found in synovial and peripheral blood T cell receptor (TCR) transcripts of the same Vα gene family. These data suggest that the TCR repertoire in the two compartments differs, and that antigen-driven expansion of particular synovial T cell populations is a component of rheumatoid synovitis, and is present in all stages of the disease.
Glomerular immune deposits in murine lupus models may contain histones
Authors: SCHMIEDEKE T , STOECKL F , MULLER S , SUGISAKI Y , BATSFORD S , WOITAS R , VOGT A 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYTwo types of lupus mice, NZB/NZW F1 female hybrids and mice with graft-rersus-host disease (GVHD). were studied. Histones H3 and H2A were detected by immunofluorcscenee in glomeruli of 22/22 proteinuric GVHD and 8/12 proteinuric NZB/W F1 female mice; in non-proteinuric animals. 3/5 GVHD and 2/27 NZB/W F1 female were positive. Using antibodies to histone peptides it was shown that mainly the N-terminal regions of histones H3 and H2A were exposed in glomerular deposits. Western blot analysis revealed antibodies lo histone subfractions in sera of 33/34 lupus mice that developed proteinuria. This study provides evidence that histones are involved in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
Immunization of mice with mycobacterial culture filtrate proteins
Authors: HUBBARD R D , FLORY C M , COLLINS F M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYCulture filtrate proteins were obtained from Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures after 7 days growth in Proskauer and Beck medium. The protein yield increased substantially to peak about the time the number of viable organisms reached its maximum level (day 8). Examination of the protein concentrate by SDS PAGE revealed the presence of at least 12 separate protein bands varying from 10 to 90 kD. Mice were injected subcutaneously with 20μg of M. tuberculosis culture filtrate (MTCF) protein suspended in saline or Freund's complete or incomplete adjuvant. The vaccinated mice were subjected to an aerogenic challenge with 103 colony-forming unit (CPU) M. tuberculosis Erdman and a significant reduction in the number of viable organisms was observed in the spleens and lungs determined over a 21-day period compared with age-matched normal controls. Mice immunized with the same culture filtrate proteins bound to nitrocellulose particles also showed some resistance to the virulent challenge, suggesting that individual antigens present in the culture filtrate were able to induce a protective T cell-mediated immune response in appropriately immunized mice.
Humanized monoclonal antibody CAMPATH-1H: myeloma cell expression of genomic constructs, nucleotide sequence of cDNA constructs and comparison of effector mechanisms of myeloma and Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived material
Authors: CROWE J S , HALL V S , SMITH M A , COOPER H J , TITE J P 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
Expression of CAMPATH-1H, a humanized MoAb directed against an abundant surface antigen on human lymphocytes, has been studied using transfected myeloma cells. As the site of chromosome integration of DNA transfected into a cell is random we investigated the feasibility and frequency of hitting a ‘jackpot’ site for expression after co-transfection with CAMPATH-1H heavy and light chain constructs in genomic context. A cell line generating 40 μg/ml of CAMPATH-1H in spent culture supernatant was achieved. The full nucleotide sequence of the CAMPATH-1H heavy and light chain cDNA clones is also shown, in addition a comparison of the effector mechanisms, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement dependent cytotoxicity of myeloma cell and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell-derived CAMPATH-1H is reported.
Evidence for prostaglandin-producing suppressor cells in drug-induced liver injury and implications in the diagnosis of drug sensitization
Authors: VICTORINO R M M , MARIA V A J , PINTO L A 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYLymphocyte reactivity to drugs is present in a majority of cases of drug-induced liver injury when in vitro proliferation assays to the suspected drugs are used. One possible explanation to this could be that adherent suppressor cells mediating their action through the production of prostaglandin E2 would suppress the lymphocyte proliferation to drugs in vitro. We studied 42 patients with a clinical diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury by comparing lymphocyte proliferation observed in cultures with five different concentrations of the suspected drug with the lymphocyte proliferation observed in cultures with drug and a prostaglandin inhibitor (indomethacin). Forty-four healthy subjects and 15 individuals with a recent exposure to the suspected drug without development of adverse drug reactions were also studied as controls. In nine (21%) out of 42 patients with drug-induced liver injury a significant lymphocyte reactivity to drugs was detected. When a prostaglandin inhibitor was added to the cultures, the detection of lymphocyte reactivity increased from 21% lo 57%. No cases of lymphocyte reactivity to drugs or drugs with prostaglandin inhibitor were found in the control groups. The phenomenon of increase of lymphocyte proliferation with the addition of a prostaglandin inhibitor was more frequent in patients whose hepatitis was cured in less than 2 months, was more frequently found in certain pharmacological groups and was significantly associated to a latency period to development of hepatitis of less than 8 days. In conclusion, the in vitro phenomenon described here may be used to improve the ability to demonstrate lymphocyte sensitization in drug-induced liver injury and the clinical correlations found are consistent with the possibility of its relevance in vivo.
In vivoactivation of complement by IgA in a rat model
Authors: STAD R K , BOGERS W M J M , THOOMES-VAN DER SLUYS M E , VAN ES L A , DAHA M R 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIn this study we investigated the capacity of rat IgA to activate complement (C) in vivo rat model. Rat monomeric (m-), dimeric (d-) and polymeric (p-) IgA MoAbs were injected intravenously and assessed for deposition or C3 and C4 on IgA. By ELISA it was shown that both d-and p-IgA bound C3 whereas no binding of C3 by m-IgA was observed. Polymeric IgA was more efficient in binding of C3 as compared with d-IgA. However, in haemolytic assays no consistent decrease of plasma complement levels was observed except for dimeric IgA which induced a marginal consumption of AP50. When rats were pre-treated with cobra venom factor (CVF) to deplete C3, no C3 deposition was found on m-, d- or p-IgA. Neither m- nor d- or p-IgA was able to bind C4 in vivo. In agreement with the results described above, large sized polymeric IgA was shown lobe taken up by Kupffer cells (KC) together with C3. No C3 was detected when rats were depleted of C using CVF. Taken together, the experimental data suggest that d- and p-IgA are able to activate C via the alternative pathway in vivo.
Prevention of spontaneous and cyclophosphamide-induced diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with oral 2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutyIimidazole (THI), a component of caramel colouring III
Authors: MANDEL T E , KOULMANDA M , MACKAY I R 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
The effect of oral administration of THI, a compound present in ammonia caramel food colouring, was studied in spontaneous and induced murine diabetes mellitus. Continuous administration of THI at 400 ppm in drinking water reduced the prevalence of spontaneous diabetes in female NOD/Lt mice from 63% in untreated controls to 8% in treated animals. Since cyclophosphamide (CP) accelerates and intensifies diabetes in NOD mice, we also studied the effect of THI in this model. Diabetes incidence was reduced from 100% in mice given only CP to 13–14% in mice given THI either concurrently or from 14 days previously. Histologically.THI greatly reduced the severity of insulitis. As measured by flow cytometry, all THI-treated mice had a 60–80% reduction in splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. THI-treated mice showed no untoward effects and specifically no weight loss, or pathological changes in their livers, kidneys or lungs. However, there was moderate atrophy of the thymus cortex. THI is a small imidazole-containing compound with structural similarity to histamine and urocanic acid, both known to have immunosuppressive properties. It is a widely used food additive with no known long-term toxic effects al low dosage. Thus, THI could be a useful immunosuppressive agent.
Genital secretory immune response to chronic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection: a comparison between intravenously and genitally inoculated rhesus macaques
Authors: MILLER C J , KANG D W , MARTHAS M , MOLDOVEANU Z , KIYONO H , MARX P , ELDRIDGE J H , MESTECKY J , MCGHEE J R 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
The humoral and genital secretory immune response to chronic SIV infection was compared between female Rhesus macaques inoculated by i.v. or intravaginal routes. Total IgG levels in serum were 10-fold higher in SIV-infected animals when compared with uninfected controls. Vaginal washes from normal macaques contained predominantly IgA and IgG, while those from SIV-infected animals contained high levels of IgG. The SIV-infected animals had high titres of SIV-specific IgG in serum, with lower but detectable IgA and IgM responses. The genital secretory immune response to SIV was similar in intravenously and intravaginally inoculated animals. The anti-SIV response in the vaginal washes consisted mainly of IgG. Within the lamina propria of the reproductive tract of animals chronically infected with SIV there were essentially no IgA or IgG plasma cells and only a small number of IgM plasma cells, while two normal animals had large numbers of IgA plasma cells. These results suggest that the mucosal immune system of the female reproductive tract is impaired inchronic SIV infection.
Effect of fatty acid anilides on immune responses of Swiss mice
Authors: BLASCO R , RUIZ-GUTIERREZ V 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
The possible relationship between fatty acid anilides and the toxic oil syndrome (TOS) which appeared in Spain in 1981 has been debated during recent years. These anilides have been detected as anomalous compound in toxic oils analysed. After treatment with one daily dose of 50 mg/kg of oleilanilide (88.86% pure) for 5 days, animals showed a tendency towards progressive loss of body weight and a significant increase in serum concentration of immunoglobulins. The percentage of suppressor T cells in spleen diminished significantly compared with the control group. Consequently, an increase in the helper T cells/suppressor T cells was also observed. The production of IgM and IgG in culture was significantly higher than in controls and no differences were seen in IgA synthesis. The functional studies of generation of specific IgM, IgA and IgG suppressor cells at variable doses of concanavalin A (Con A) showed paradoxical behaviour of suppressor T cells generated by low doses of Con A. A similar change occurred at higher doses of Con A. These results suggest that low-dose treatment with oleilanilides induces an alteration in the immune response in Swiss mice.
IL-6 enhances the generation of cytolytic T lymphocytes in the allogeneic mixed leucocyte reaction
Authors: MING J E , STEINMAN R M , GRANELLI-PIPERNO A 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYCytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) require soluble proteins termed lymphokines to develop lytic activity. In this report we have studied two of the lymphokines involved in the development of CTL during the allogeneic mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR). High doses of dendritic cells induced lytic activity from purified CD8+ cells in both the murine and human MLR. Under these conditions, IL-2 and IL-6 were endogenously produced and secreted. Antibodies to IL-2 or the IL-2 receptor blocked CTL formation; however, anti-IL-6 receptor antibodies only partially inhibited the response while anti-IL-6 antibodies were largely ineffective. When limiting numbers of antigen-presenting cells were used CTL failed to develop, and neither IL-2 nor IL-6 was secreted into the culture supernatant. Although the addition of IL-6 to such cultures was ineffective in generating CTL, the combination of IL-2 and IL-6 resulted in a 4-5-fold increase in lytic activity over that of IL-2 alone. We conclude that in the allogeneic MLR, IL-2 and IL-6 contribute to the generation of lytically active CD8+ cells, and the effect of IL-6 is evident when the dose of antigen-presenting cell is limited.
Intracellular free Ca2+ fluxes and responses to phorbol ester in T lymphocytes from healthy elderly subjects
Authors: NAYLOR J R , JAMES S R , TREJDOSIEWICZ L K 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYA group of healthy elderly subjects (≥75 years) was selected by the strict criteria of the SENIEUR protocol, and compared with healthy young (≤35 years) volunteers. Mitogenic responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to phytohaemagglutinin and anti-CD3 were significantly reduced in the elderly (P &lt;0.0002), thereby confirming that even though in perfect health, elderly individuals show impaired cell-mediated immunity. However, no abnormality of intracellular free Ca2+ fluxes could be detected in purified T cells from the elderly subjects when stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody. Nevertheless, both the proliferative responses of purified T cells to phorbol ester and calcium ionophore (Ionomycin) and the phorbol ester-induced inhibition of the Ca2+ response were defective in the elderly subjects (p &lt;0.003 and p &lt; 0.0002, respectively). These data suggest that signal transduction and the generation of second messengers proceed normally in T cells from the elderly, but downstream events mediated by activation of protein kinase C are dysfunctional.