bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMMUNITY PROPERTY AUCTION, NASH BIDDING RULE AND CHINA'S RURAL ECONOMIC REFORM
Authors: Li Ke , Yao Shuntian , Yu Lei 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper we present a model based on the auction theory for community properties and its possible application to China's economic reforms. We derive the Nash bidding rule for the first price sealed‐bid auction of a community‐owned object, and compare it with the bidding rule for auctions of a privately‐owned object. Moreover, we argue that in the process of China's economic reforms, auctioning off the community‐owned properties to private owners is the optimal way to achieve economic efficiency together with social equity. This paper has obvious implications for China's reforms relating to commercializing its rural land and other community property.
HOW LARGE WILL BE THE EFFECT OF CHINA'S FISCAL STIMULUS PACKAGE ON OUTPUT AND EMPLOYMENT?
Authors: He Dong , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhang Wenlang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper estimates the effect of China's fiscal stimulus package on output and employment. The input–output analysis shows that the package has a multiplier of approximately 0.84 in the short run, generating 18–20 million new jobs in non‐farming sectors in the first year. A dynamic structural model shows that the multiplier is around 1.1 in the medium run as fiscal spending leads to higher household consumption and corporate investment over time. The size of the fiscal multiplier also depends on the cyclical conditions of the economy, the policy environment and the distribution of funds across sectors.
Latanoprost in the treatment of eyelash alopecia in alopecia areata universalis
Authors: Coronel‐Pérez IM , Rodríguez‐Rey EM , Camacho‐Martínez FM 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives  The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of latanoprost in eyelash alopecia areata (AA).Design  This study is a 2‐year prospective, non‐blinded, non‐randomized, bilateral eyelash alopecia controlled study.Setting  The setting of this study was Trichology Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain.Patients  We conducted a survey of 54 subjects with AA universalis treated with the protocol of the Trichology Unit of our Department. Control group comprised 10 subjects who received injections of 0.5 mg/cm2 of triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) in their eyebrows and 1 mg/cm2 of TAC injections in affected scalp. The treatment group included 44 subjects who received the same treatment as the control group in scalp and eyebrows but they also applied a drop of latanoprost 0.005% (50 μg/mL) ophthalmic solution in their eyelid margins every night. Subjects were reviewed every 3 months for 2 years.Results  Forty subjects finished the study and four subjects were lost to follow‐up. In the treatment arm of this study, the course was well tolerated and uncomplicated. Both investigators and patients evaluated the regrowth. The results we obtained were: complete regrowth in 17.5%, moderate regrowth in 27.5%, slight regrowth in 30% and without response in 25%. Moderate and total regrowth constituted a cosmetically acceptable response. The therapy was continuous and the response remained without any side effects. No patients had cosmetically acceptable eyelash regrowth in the control group.Conclusions  Latanoprost may be an effective drug in the treatment of eyelash AA because it induces acceptable responses (total and moderate) in 45% of the patients. A formal, blinded prospective unilateral controlled study will permit further understanding about this promising therapeutic agent for eyelash AA.
Effects of invasive woody plants on avian nest site selection and nesting success in shrublands
Authors: Schlossberg S. , King D. I. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractExotic, invasive plants are a growing conservation problem. Birds frequently use invasive plants as nest substrates, but effects of invasives on avian nesting success have been equivocal in past studies. In 2004 and 2005, we assessed effects of invasive woody plants on avian nest‐site selection and nesting success in western Massachusetts shrublands. At the nest scale, we tested the effects of invasive versus native substrates on nesting success as well as differences among individual invasive species. At the patch scale, we tested effects of invasive prevalence on nesting success in natives and invasives. We found that, as a whole, shrubland birds preferred invasive substrates. Of two species sufficiently abundant for individual analysis, gray catbirds Dumetella carolinensis preferred invasive substrates, but chestnut‐sided warblers Dendroica pensylvanica showed no preference for natives or invasives. At the nest scale, nests of gray catbirds placed in invasive substrates were more successful than those in natives. Chestnut‐sided warblers and all species combined, however, had equal nest success in invasives and natives. We found no differences in nest success for nests in different species of invasive substrates or in invasive substrates with and without thorns. At the scale of the patch, nest success in invasive substrates increased with the prevalence of invasives on a site. Nest success in native plants did not change with invasive prevalence. We attribute this finding to the tendency for thickets of invasive plants to be larger on sites with more invasive cover. These findings illustrate the complex interaction of different factors that can determine how invasive plants affect avian nesting success. We conclude that control of invasive woody plants should be neutral for most shrubland birds.
Involvement of the AT1receptor subtype in the effects of angiotensin IV and LVV‐haemorphin 7 on hippocampal neurotransmitter levels and spatial working memory
Authors: De Bundel Dimitri , Demaegdt Heidi , Lahoutte Tony , Caveliers Vicky , Kersemans Ken , Ceulemans Ann‐Gaelle , Vauquelin Georges , Clinckers Ralph , Vanderheyden Patrick , Michotte Yvette , Smolders Ilse 
Published: December 2009

J. Neurochem.(2010)112, 1223–1234.AbstractIntracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of angiotensin IV (Ang IV) or Leu–Val–Val‐haemorphin 7 (LVV‐H7) improves memory performance in normal rats and reverses memory deficits in rat models for cognitive impairment. These memory effects were believed to be mediated via the putative ‘AT4 receptor’. However, this binding site was identified as insulin‐regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP). Correspondingly, Ang IV and LVV‐H7 were characterised as IRAP inhibitors. This study investigates whether and how IRAP may be involved in the central effects of Ang IV and LVV‐H7. We determined the effects of i.c.v. administration of Ang IV or LVV‐H7 on hippocampal neurotransmitter levels using microdialysis in rats. We observed that Ang IV modulates hippocampal acetylcholine levels, whereas LVV‐H7 does not. This discrepancy was reflected in the observation that Ang IV binds with micromolar affinity to the AT1 receptor whereas no binding affinity was observed for LVV‐H7. Correspondingly, we demonstrated that the AT1 receptor is involved in the effects of Ang IV on hippocampal neurotransmitter levels and on spatial working memory in a plus maze spontaneous alternation task. However, the AT1 receptor was not involved in the spatial memory facilitating effect of LVV‐H7. Finally, we demonstrated that Ang IV did not diffuse to the hippocampus following i.c.v. injection, suggesting an extrahippocampal site of action. We propose that AT1 receptors are implicated in the neurochemical and cognitive effects of Ang IV, whereas LVV‐H7 may mediate its effects via IRAP.
The more you have, the less you get: the functional role of inflammation on neuronal differentiation of endogenous and transplanted neural stem cells in the adult brain
Authors: Mathieu Patricia , Battista Daniela , Depino Amaicha , Roca Valeria , Graciarena Mariana , Pitossi Fernando 
Published: December 2009

J. Neurochem.(2010)112, 1368–1385.AbstractThe differentiation of neural stem cells toward a neuronal phenotype is determined by the extracellular and intracellular factors that form the neurogenic niche. In this review, we discuss the available data on the functional role of inflammation and in particular, pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, on neuronal differentiation from endogenous and transplanted neural stem/progenitor cells. In addition, we discuss the role of microglial cell activation on these processes and the fact that microglial cell activation is not univocally associated with a pro‐inflammatory milieu. We conclude that brain cytokines could be regarded as part of the endogenous neurogenic niche. In addition, we propose that accumulating evidence suggests that pro‐inflammatory cytokines have a negative effect on neuronal differentiation, while anti‐inflammatory cytokines exert an opposite effect. The clarification of the functional role of cytokines on neuronal differentiation will be relevant not only to better understand adult neurogenesis, but also to envisage complementary treatments to modulate cytokine action that could increase the therapeutic benefit of future progenitor/stem cell‐based therapies.
Central and peripheral consequences of the chronic blockade of CB1cannabinoid receptor with rimonabant or taranabant
Authors: Martín‐García Elena , Burokas Aurelijus , Martín Miquel , Berrendero Fernando , Rubí Blanca , Kiesselbach Christoph , Heyne Andrea , Gispert Juan Domingo , Millán Olga , Maldonado Rafael 
Published: December 2009

J. Neurochem.(2010)112, 1338–1351.AbstractThe endocannabinoid system plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of obesity. However, the clinical use of cannabinoid antagonists has been recently stopped because of its central side‐effects. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a chronic treatment with the CB1cannabinoid antagonist rimonabant or the CB1inverse agonist taranabant in diet‐induced obese female rats to clarify the biological consequences of CB1blockade at central and peripheral levels. As expected, chronic treatment with rimonabant and taranabant reduced body weight and fat content. Interestingly, a decrease in the number of CB1receptors and its functional activity was observed in all the brain areas investigated after chronic taranabant treatment in both lean and obese rats. In contrast, chronic treatment with rimonabant did not modify the density of CB1cannabinoid receptor binding, and decreased its functional activity to a lower degree than taranabant. Six weeks after rimonabant and taranabant withdrawal, CB1receptor density and activity recovered to basal levels. These results reveal differential adaptive changes in CB1cannabinoid receptors after chronic treatment with rimonabant and taranabant that could be related to the central side‐effects reported with the use of these cannabinoid antagonists.
Exploring the Relationship Between Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms and Neuronal Response to Alcohol Cues
Authors: Feldstein Ewing Sarah W. , Filbey Francesca M. , Chandler Lindsay D. , Hutchison Kent E. 
Published: December 2009

Background:  Depressive and anxiety symptoms tend to co‐occur with heavy drinking. Specifically, their presence may exacerbate the severity and intractability of heavy drinking. Similarly, heavy drinking may increase the risk for and experience of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Although depressive and anxiety symptoms have been significantly correlated with alcohol craving in cue‐exposure paradigms, physiological responses have not always mapped onto emotional responses. Therefore, this study sought to examine the role of depressive and anxiety symptoms using a more basic science approach, through examining functional brain changes.Methods:  Seventy nontreatment seeking, heavy drinking adults were recruited through a college campus (n = 45 men; mean age = 22.8). They completed measures of drinking, smoking, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) cue‐exposure paradigm.Results:  As hypothesized, depressive symptoms were positively correlated with activation during the alcohol (vs. appetitive control) cue in the insula, cingulate, ventral tegmentum, striatum, and thalamus (cluster‐corrected p < 0.05, z = 2.3). Similarly, anxiety symptoms were positively correlated with activation during the alcohol (vs. appetitive control) cue in the striatum, thalamus, insula, and inferior frontal, mid‐frontal, and cingulate gyri (cluster‐corrected p < 0.05, z = 2.3).Conclusions:  Significant correlations were found between depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and differential brain activation in response to an alcohol versus an appetitive control cue in an fMRI paradigm. Moreover, the pattern of activation mapped onto expected regions. This study strongly supports the posited relationships between depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and differential brain activation in an alcohol cue‐exposure paradigm with a sample of heavy drinking adults.
Exercise Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Binge Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Leasure J. Leigh , Nixon Kimberly 
Published: December 2009

Background:  Excessive alcohol intake produces structural and functional deficits in corticolimbic pathways that are thought to underlie cognitive deficits in the alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Animal models of binge alcohol administration support the direct link of high levels of alcohol consumption and neurotoxicity in the hippocampus and surrounding cortex. In contrast, voluntary wheel running enhances hippocampal neurogenesis and generally promotes the health of neurons.Methods:  We investigated whether voluntary exercise prior to binge alcohol exposure could protect against alcohol‐induced cell loss. Female Long‐Evans rats exercised voluntarily for 14 days before undergoing 4 days of binge alcohol consumption. Brains were harvested immediately after the last dose of alcohol and examined for various histological markers of neurodegeneration, including both cell death (FluoroJade B) and cell birth (Ki67) markers.Results:  Rats that exercised prior to binge exposure were significantly less behaviorally intoxicated, which was not a result of enhanced hepatic metabolism. Rats that exercised prior to binge alcohol consumption had reduced loss of dentate gyrus granule cells and fewer FluoroJade B positive cells in the dentate gyrus and associated entorhinal‐perirhinal cortex compared to nonexercisers. However, exercise did not protect against cell death in the piriform cortex nor protect against alcohol‐induced decreases in cell proliferation, evidenced by a similar alcohol‐induced reduction in Ki67 labeled cells between exercise and sedentary rats.Conclusions:  We conclude that exercise can reduce behavioral sensitivity to ethanol intoxication and protect vulnerable brain areas from alcohol‐induced cell death. Exercise neuroprotection of alcohol‐induced brain damage has important implications in understanding the neurobiology of the AUDs as well as in developing novel treatment strategies.
Modelling Multifunctionality, Territorial Development, and Policy Scenarios in Rural Europe: an Alternative Perspective on CAP Reform Debates  Modéliser la multifonctionnalité, le développement territorial et les scénarios de politiques dans l’Europe rurale : une autre perspective sur les débats concernant la réforme de la PAC  Modellierung von Multifunktionalität, Territorialentwicklung und Politikszenarien im ländlichen Raum Europas: Eine Alternativperspektive zu den Debatten über die GAP‐Reform
Authors: Bryden John M. , Johnson Tom , Thomson Kenneth J. , Ferenczi Tibor 
Published: December 2009

summaryModelling Multifunctionality, Territorial Development, and Policy Scenarios in Rural Europe: an Alternative Perspective on CAP Reform DebatesThis article reports an analysis of CAP alternatives using a system dynamics model developed for 11 diverse European rural regions within a recent EU Framework 6 Research Project, TOP‐MARD (Towards a Policy Model of Multifunctional Agriculture and Rural Development). System dynamics, commonly used in ecological and climate change analysis, embodies a range of ‘feedback loops’ and allows the incorporation of a variety of novel indicators. The model includes regional economic sectors, households, a demographic module, and a quality of life module. It explicitly incorporates some of the ‘new’ policy concerns, especially those concerning the rural environment, populations and their quality of life, and territorial rural development. The outputs of the model are economic, social and environmental outcomes estimated for a baseline scenario (current policies) and for reform scenarios, all extended out to 2025. The analysis shows the varying economic, agricultural, social and environmental outcomes from a range of post‐2013 CAP and rural development policy scenarios in different regional contexts. It further indicates variations in policy efficiency in different regions and contexts. The results, although provisional, support the view that policy impacts need to be considered in particular rural contexts. They also support a ‘place‐based’ approach to sustainable development in rural regions.
Can we perceptually rate alaryngeal voice? Developing the Sunderland Tracheoesophageal Voice Perceptual Scale
Authors: Hurren A. , Hildreth A.J. , Carding P.N. 
Published: December 2009

Objective:  To investigate the inter and intra reliability of raters (in relation to both profession and expertise) when judging two alaryngeal voice parameters: ‘Overall Grade’ and ‘Neoglottal Tonicity’. Reliable perceptual assessment is essential for surgical and therapeutic outcome measurement but has been minimally researched to date.Design:  Test of inter and intra rater agreement from audio recordings of 55 tracheoesophageal speakers.Setting:  Cancer Unit.Participants:  Twelve speech and language therapists and ten Ear, Nose and Throat surgeons.Main outcome measures:  Perceptual voice parameters of ‘Overall Grade’ rated with a 0–3 equally appearing interval scale and ‘Neoglottal Tonicity’ with an 11‐point bipolar semantic scale.Results:  All raters achieved ‘good’ agreement for ‘Overall Grade’ with mean weighted kappa coefficients of 0.78 for intra and 0.70 for inter‐rater agreement. All raters achieved ‘good’ intra‐rater agreement for ‘Neoglottal Tonicity’ (0.64) but inter‐rater agreement was only ‘moderate’ (0.40). However, the expert speech and language therapists sub‐group attained ‘good’ inter‐rater agreement with this parameter (0.63). The effect of ‘Neoglottal Tonicity’ on ‘Overall Grade’ was examined utilising only expert speech and language therapists data. Linear regression analysis resulted in an r‐squared coefficient of 0.67. Analysis of the perceptual impression of hypotonicity and hypertonicity in relation to mean ‘Overall Grade’ score demonstrated neither tone was linked to a more favourable grade (P = 0.42).Conclusions:  Expert speech and language therapist raters may be the optimal judges for tracheoesophageal voice assessment. Tonicity appears to be a good predictor of ‘Overall Grade’. These scales have clinical applicability to investigate techniques that facilitate optotonic neoglottal voice quality. Clin. Otolaryngol. 2009, 34, 533–538.
No relationship between lung function and high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein in adolescence
Authors: Nybo Mads , Hansen Henrik Steen , Siersted Hans Christian , Rasmussen Finn 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIntroduction:  Several studies on adults have indicated that lower spirometric lung function may be associated with increased systemic inflammation, but no studies have investigated if this association is already present in adolescence.Objective:  We explored the temporal relationship between changes in lung function and concentrations of plasma C‐reactive protein (CRP) in a population‐based cohort study at ages 14 and 20 years using a high‐sensitivity CRP assay.Methods:  CRP measurements were performed in a total of 420 subjects at mean age of 13.9 years. Of these, 262 subjects (62%) participated in the follow‐up investigation at mean age of 20.1 years.Results:  Levels of log‐CRP at age 14 were not significantly associated with forced expiratory volume (FEV1) or FEV1/ forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio at age 20, nor with the change in FEV1, FVC or FEV1/FVC ratio between 14 and 20 years after controlling for body mass index (BMI), airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), asthma, smoking, sex, and height at 14 years, and change in height between 14 and 20 years. Sex, BMI, AHR, ECP and change in height between 14 and 20 years were identified as independent factors associated with the change in FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC ratio in adolescence.Conclusion:  We did not find an association between CRP levels at age 14 and change in lung function by age 20; whereas, sex, change in height, BMI, AHR and ECP were associated with lung function change in adolescence. Our findings indicate that systemic inflammation is of less importance for change in lung function in adolescence.Please cite this paper as: Nybo M, Hansen HS, Siersted HC and Rasmussen F. No relationship between lung function and high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein in adolescence. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2010; 4: 230–236.
Evaluation of a Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus/Maedi-Visna Virus Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in the Serological Diagnosis of Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus in U.S. Sheep
Authors: Herrmann-Hoesing Lynn M. , Broughton-Neiswanger Liam E. , Gouine Kimberly C. , White Stephen N. , Mousel Michele R. , Lewis Gregory S. , Marshall Katherine L. , Knowles Donald P. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTA caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV)/maedi-visna virus (MVV) indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) was validated with samples from U.S. sheep and by the use of radioimmunoprecipitation as the standard for comparison. The sensitivity and the specificity were 86.0% (±5.8%) and 95.9% (±2.9%), respectively. The iELISA format and phylogenetic differences based on the MVVgagsequence contribute to the reduced sensitivity.
Nonhemolytic
Streptococcus pyogenes
Isolates That Lack Large Regions of the
sag
Operon Mediating Streptolysin S Production
Authors: Yoshino Miho , Murayama Somay Y. , Sunaoshi Katsuhiko , Wajima Takeaki , Takahashi Miki , Masaki Junko , Kurokawa Iku , Ubukata Kimiko 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT

Among nonhemolytic
Streptococcus pyogenes
(group A streptococcus) strains (
n
= 9) isolated from patients with pharyngitis or acute otitis media, we identified three deletions in the region from the
epf
gene, encoding the extracellular matrix binding protein, to the
sag
operon, mediating streptolysin S production.
Use of
fimH
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Strain Typing of Clinical Isolates of
Escherichia coli
for Epidemiologic Investigation
Authors: Dias Rubens C. S. , Moreira Beatriz M. , Riley Lee W. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT

Strain typing methods that compare electrophoresis banding patterns are commonly used but are difficult to standardize and poorly portable. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a sequence-based alternative, but it is not practical for large-scale epidemiological studies. In the present study, the usefulness of
fimH
single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for
Escherichia coli
typing was explored.
fimH
SNPs were determined for 345
E. coli
clinical isolates (including 3 reference strains) and compared to PCR-based ECOR (
E. coli
reference collection) phylogrouping. The
fimH
gene could be amplified for 316 (92%) of the 345 isolates.
fimH
SNP analysis found 46 distinct terminal groups in the nucleotide sequence-based phylogenetic tree (
fimH
types). A subset of the
E. coli
isolates (162 clinical isolates and the 3 reference strains) were compared by
fimH
type, PCR phylogroup, and MLST. These isolates fell into 27
fimH
types and 18 MLST clonal complexes (CCs) that contained 2 to 28 isolates per complex. The combination of PCR phylogroup and
fimH
type corresponded to a single CC for 113 (68%) isolates and 2 or 3 CCs for the other 52 (32%) isolates. We propose that the combination of PCR phylogrouping and
fimH
SNP analysis may be a useful method to type a large collection of clinical
E. coli
isolates for epidemiologic studies.