bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability in infant frontal asymmetry as a predictor of toddlerhood internalizing and externalizing behaviors
Authors: Smith Cynthia L. , Bell Martha Ann 
Published: February 2010

AbstractStability in frontal brain electrical activity (i.e., electroencephalographic or EEG) asymmetry at 10 and 24 months was examined with respect to maternal ratings of internalizing and externalizing behaviors at 30 months in a sample of 48 children. Children with stable left frontal EEG asymmetry during infancy were rated higher in externalizing behaviors by their mothers, whereas children with stable right frontal EEG asymmetry were rated higher in internalizing behaviors. These findings highlight the need to focus on the early stability in physiological measures that may be implicated later in developing behavioral problems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52:158–167, 2010
Adolescent risk taking, impulsivity, and brain development: Implications for prevention
Authors: Romer Daniel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIndividual differences in impulsivity underlie a good deal of the risk taking that is observed during adolescence, and some of the most hazardous forms of this behavior are linked to impulsivity traits that are evident early in development. However, early interventions appear able to reduce the severity and impact of these traits by increasing control over behavior and persistence toward valued goals, such as educational achievement. One form of impulsivity, sensation seeking, rises dramatically during adolescence and increases risks to healthy development. However, a review of the evidence for the hypothesis that limitations in brain development during adolescence restrict the ability to control impulsivity suggests that any such limitations are subtle at best. Instead, it is argued that lack of experience with novel adult behavior poses a much greater risk to adolescents than structural deficits in brain maturation. Continued translational research will help to identify strategies that protect youth as they transition to adulthood. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 263–276, 2010
Recent Advances in Stereodynamics and Conformational Analysis by Dynamic NMR and Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Casarini Daniele , Lunazzi Lodovico , Mazzanti Andrea 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDynamic NMR spectroscopy can determine energy barriers due to internal motion over the range of about 4.5–23 kcal mol–1. Conformational analysis of the frozen conformations can be simulated and interpreted by reliable theoretical calculations based mainly on density functional theory (DFT). The same calculations can identify transition states and predict the values of energy barriers involved in stereodynamic processes. This review describes recent advances in the experimental and theoretical approaches used in the field of the stereodynamic analysis, reporting a number of examples taken from the recent literature.
Multicomponent C‐Alkylation Reactions of Aromatic Aldimines with Trialkylboranes Reagents
Authors: Valpuesta María , Muñoz Carmen , Díaz Amelia , Torres Gregorio , Suau Rafael 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe one‐pot three‐component reaction of an aryl aldehyde, an arylamine, and a trialkylborane in the presence of hydrogen peroxide afforded the alkylated arylamines 1 in good yields via oxidized imine–borane complexes. In addition, the versatility of our procedure has been confirmed by the use of enolizable aldehydes, alkylic amines, and cyclic imines.
Ultrastructure, development and histochemistry of the polysaccharide‐containing subcuticular compartments in Origanum dictamnus L. peltate glandular hairs
Authors: Bosabalidis Artemios M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPeltate glandular hairs of Origanum dictamnus at the stage of secretion create two subcuticular chambers; one large and bladder‐like, at the apex of the head (containing essential oil), and one small and ring‐like, at the bottom of the head (containing polysaccharides). In the apical chamber, along with the essential oil, a small lateral compartment containing polysaccharides, also exists. This compartment surrounds peripherally the apical chamber creating a second ring‐like structure. The apical plasmalemma of the head cells exhibits a high electron density and presumably has a specific substructure to facilitate passing to the subcuticular chamber of the secretory product. The latter probably exists in the form of glucosides, which, after passing across the plasmalemma and entering the apical chamber, become hydrolysed into the aglycone fraction (essential oil) and the sugar fraction (polysaccharides). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reannotation of protein‐coding genes based on an improved graphical representation of DNA sequence
Authors: Yu Jia‐Feng , Sun Xiao 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOver annotation of protein coding genes is common phenomenon in microbial genomes, the genome of Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (AmEPV) is a typical case, because more than 63% of its annotated ORFs are hypothetical. In this article, we propose an improved graphical representation titled I‐TN (improved curve based on trinucleotides) curve, which allows direct inspection of composition and distribution of codons and asymmetric gene structure. This improved graphical representation can also provide convenient tools for genome analysis. From this presentation, 18 variables are exploited as numerical descriptors to represent the specific features of protein coding genes quantitatively, with which we reannotate the protein coding genes in several viral genomes. Using the parameters trained on the experimentally validated genes, all of the 30 experimentally validated genes and 63 putative genes in AmEPV genome are recognized correctly as protein coding, the accuracies of the present method for self‐test and cross‐validation are 100%, respectively. Twenty‐eight annotated hypothetical genes are predicted as noncoding, and then the number of reannotated protein coding genes in AmEPV should be 266 instead of 294 reported in the original annotations. Extending the present method trained in AmEPV to other entomopoxvirus genomes directly, such as Melanoplus sanguinipes entomopoxvirus (MsEPV), all of the 123 annotated function‐known and putative genes are recognized correctly as protein coding, and 17 hypothetical genes are recognized as noncoding. The present method could also be extended to other genomes with or without adaptation of training sets with high accuracy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010
Hadamard matrices of small order and Yang conjecture
Authors: Ðoković Dragomir Ž. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe show that 138 odd values of n<10000 for which a Hadamard matrix of order 4n exists have been overlooked in the recent handbook of combinatorial designs. There are four additional odd n=191, 5767, 7081, 8249 in that range for which Hadamard matrices of order 4n exist. There is a unique equivalence class of near‐normal sequences NN(36), and the same is true for NN(38) and NN(40). This means that the Yang conjecture on the existence of near‐normal sequences NN(n) has been verified for all even n⩽40, but it still remains open. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 18: 254–259, 2010
Thrombin enhanced migration and MMPs expression of human chondrosarcoma cells involves PAR receptor signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Hsien‐Te , Tsou Hsi‐Kai , Tsai Chun‐Hao , Kuo Chien‐Chung , Chiang Yi‐Kai , Chang Chia‐Hao , Fong Yi‐Chin , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThrombin is a multifunctional protease that can activate hemostasis and coagulation through the cleavage of fibrinogen to form fibrin clots. Thrombin also plays a crucial role in migration and metastasis of human cancer cells. However, the effect of thrombin on migration activity in human chondrosarcoma cells is mostly unknown. Here, we found that thrombin increased the migration and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐13 in human chondrosarcoma cells (JJ012 and SW1353 cells). By using pharmacological inhibitors or activators or genetic inhibition by the protease‐activated receptor (PAR), we found that the PAR1 and PAR4 receptor but not PAR3 receptor are involved in thrombin‐mediated cell migration and MMPs expression. Thrombin‐mediated migration and MMPs up‐regulation was attenuated by phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C, and c‐Src inhibitor. Activations of PLCβ, PKCα, c‐Src, and NF‐κB pathways after thrombin treatment was demonstrated, and thrombin‐induced MMPs expression and migration activity was inhibited by the specific inhibitors and mutants of PLC, PKC, c‐Src, and NF‐κB cascades. Taken together, our results indicated that thrombin enhances the migration of chondrosarcoma cells by increasing MMP‐2 and MMP‐13 expression through the PAR/PLC/PKCα/c‐Src/NF‐κB signal transduction pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 223:737–745, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Redefining leader self‐awareness by integrating the second component of self‐awareness
Authors: Taylor Scott N. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article aims to extend the current treatment of what constitutes leader self‐awareness. Discussion of self‐awareness in organizations and leadership research here focused on one component of self‐awareness; awareness of individual self‐resources. Drawing on Objective Self‐Awareness Theory (OSA theory, Duval & Wicklund, 1972), this paper explores a neglected second component of self‐awareness: the ability to anticipate the views of others. Leaders gain awareness of their influence on others through impulses to self‐focus, which leads to self‐evaluation against extrinsic standards, and insight regarding leader influence. Research and practical implications of the second component of self‐awareness are discussed.
Poetic forms of leadership pedagogy: Rediscovering creative leadership through the arts
Authors: Rodgers Emily , Bradley C. Randall , Ward Sherry 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn his article, “Educational Research: The Hardest Science of All,” policy scholar David Berliner (2002) asserts that “no unpoetic description of the human condition can ever be complete” (p. 20). Berliner's words echo the epistemological and methodological climate of late 1970s and early 1980s social science research, a phase often characterized as the “literary turn.” In this historical moment, social science scholars turned to interdisciplinary sources, most notably literary theory and the humanities, for new means of addressing the ineffable, aesthetic aspects of human activity. This work and emphasis remains a prominent, growing genre within several fields, exemplified by widespread recognition of Margaret Wheatley's poetic approach to leadership inquiry and pedagogy (2009), frequent inclusion of aesthetic works in leading research journals (such as Qualitative Inquiry), and recent creation of arts‐ and humanities‐based educational research criteria for submissions to the American Educational Research Association's annual conference and sponsored journals.No field of inquiry better illustrates the need to understand human activity as “poetic” than leadership, which is perhaps the quintessential marker of social existence. Accordingly, in this symposium we wish to explore how such interdisciplinary approaches, specifically those grounded in the humanities, have manifested in leadership inquiry and pedagogy. It is our hope that this collection of essays will illustrate the breadth and depth of the field of leadership studies, as well as offer our readers new perspectives and inspiration in their own research and practice.
What can we learn from Shakespeare about “bad” leaders?
Authors: Abbott Philip 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn his article, “Educational Research: The Hardest Science of All,” policy scholar David Berliner (2002) asserts that “no unpoetic description of the human condition can ever be complete” (p. 20). Berliner's words echo the epistemological and methodological climate of late 1970s and early 1980s social science research, a phase often characterized as the “literary turn.” In this historical moment, social science scholars turned to interdisciplinary sources, most notably literary theory and the humanities, for new means of addressing the ineffable, aesthetic aspects of human activity. This work and emphasis remains a prominent, growing genre within several fields, exemplified by widespread recognition of Margaret Wheatley's poetic approach to leadership inquiry and pedagogy (2009), frequent inclusion of aesthetic works in leading research journals (such asQualitative Inquiry), and recent creation of arts‐ and humanities‐based educational research criteria for submissions to the American Educational Research Association's annual conference and sponsored journals.No field of inquiry better illustrates the need to understand human activity as “poetic” than leadership, which is perhaps the quintessential marker of social existence. Accordingly, in this symposium we wish to explore how such interdisciplinary approaches, specifically those grounded in the humanities, have manifested in leadership inquiry and pedagogy. It is our hope that this collection of essays will illustrate the breadth and depth of the field of leadership studies, as well as offer our readers new perspectives and inspiration in their own research and practice.
Universally Primed‐PCR indicates geographical variation of Peronospora farinosa ex. Chenopodium quinoa
Authors: Danielsen Solveig , Lübeck Mette 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn the Andean region of South America downy mildew, caused by Peronospora farinosa, is the most important disease of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). Peronospora farinosa, a highly polyphyletic species, occurs on quinoa and wild relatives on all continents. However, very little is known about the geographic diversity of the pathogen. As the interest in quinoa as a novel crop is increasing worldwide, geographical differences in the population structure of the downy mildew pathogen must be taken into consideration in order to design appropriate control strategies under a variety of circumstances. As a step towards understanding the geographic diversity of P. farinosa from quinoa, 40 downy mildew isolates from the Andean highlands and Denmark were characterized using universally primed PCR (UP‐PCR). Eight UP‐PCR primers were tested. A combined analysis of markers separated the Danish and Andean isolates in two distinct clusters. This study raises new questions about the origin and spread of P. farinosa on quinoa, its geographic diversity and host specificity. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lignin‐modifying enzymes in filamentous basidiomycetes – ecological, functional and phylogenetic review
Authors: Lundell Taina K. , Mäkelä Miia R. , Hildén Kristiina 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFilamentous fungi owe powerful abilities for decomposition of the extensive plant material, lignocellulose, and thereby are indispensable for the Earth's carbon cycle, generation of soil humic matter and formation of soil fine structure. The filamentous wood‐decaying fungi belong to the phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, and are unique organisms specified to degradation of the xylem cell wall components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignins and extractives). The basidiomycetous wood‐decaying fungi form brackets, caps or resupinaceous (corticioid) fruiting bodies when growing on wood for dissemination of their sexual basidiospores. In particular, the ability to decompose the aromatic lignin polymers in wood is mostly restricted to the white rot basidiomycetes. The white‐rot decay of wood is possible due to secretion of organic acids, secondary metabolites, and oxidoreductive metalloenzymes, heme peroxidases and laccases, encoded by divergent gene families in these fungi. The brown rot basidiomycetes obviously depend more on a non‐enzymatic strategy for decomposition of wood cellulose and modification of lignin. This review gives a current ecological, genomic, and protein functional and phylogenetic perspective of the wood and lignocellulose‐decaying basidiomycetous fungi. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Biological soil properties in a long‐term tillage trial in Germany
Authors: Ulrich Sebastian , Tischer Sabine , Hofmann Bodo , Christen Olaf 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAfter 37 years of different soil‐tillage treatments in a long‐term field experiment in Germany, a number of biological soil characteristics was measured. The field trial comprised six major treatments with different implements and various depths. In this paper, results from a comparison of long‐term use of a plow (to 25 cm depth), a chisel plow (to 15 cm depth), and no‐tillage are presented. The biological soil characteristics measured include the soil‐organic‐carbon (SOC) content, microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and the abundance and biomass of earthworms. Long‐term use of a chisel plow and no‐tillage increased the organic‐C content in the uppermost soil layer (0–10 cm) compared with the plow treatment. The microbial biomass and the enzyme activities arginine‐ammonification, β‐glucosidase, and catalase decreased with depth in all treatments. Arginine‐ammonification and catalase were higher in the plow treatment in soil layers 10 to 30 cm. Additionally, the chisel plow caused an increase in number and biomass of earthworms compared to both other tillage treatments. Differences in earthworm numbers and biomass between plowing and no‐tillage were not statistically significant.
Direct effect of fertilization on microbial carbon transformation in grassland soils in dependence on the substrate quality
Authors: Kaštovská Eva , Šantrůčková Hana , Picek Tomáš , Vašková Martina , Edwards Keith R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractResponse of microbial metabolism (growth, substrate utilization, energetic metabolism) to fertilization by N and P and resulting changes in soil‐organic‐matter (SOM) decomposition (priming effect) were studied in grassland soils with relatively high organic‐matter content. Treatments with and without glucose addition were studied to simulate difference between rhizosphere and bulk soil. Our expectation was that fertilization would decrease soil respiration in both treatments due to an increased efficiency of microbial metabolism. At first, fertilization activated microbial metabolism in both treatments. In glucose‐nonamended soils, this was connected with a short‐term apparent priming effect but if glucose was available, the higher energetic demand was covered by its mineralization in preference against SOM, causing significant SOM savings as compared to unfertilized soils. After a relatively short period of 1–3 d, however, the phase of deprived microbial metabolism occurred in both treatments, which was characterized by lower soil respiration in fertilized than in unfertilized soils. Fertilization further decreased net microbial growth following glucose addition, shortened turnover time of microbial biomass and changed the partitioning of assimilated glucose within microbial biomass (decreased accumulation of storage compounds and increased the proportion of mineralized glucose). As a result, fertilization reduced soil respiration mainly due to a deprivation of microbial metabolism. The rate and range of microbial response to fertilization and also the amount of saved soil C were larger in the soil with higher SOM content, likely driven by the higher content of microbial biomass.
Influence of fluorescent dye on the linear polarization direction of stimulated Raman Stokes scattering in liquid‐core optical fibers
Authors: Men Zhiwei , Fang Wenhui , Li Zuowei , Qu Guannan , Sun Chenglin , Gao Shuqin , Lu Guohui 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe present a simple analytical model to describe the stimulated Raman Stokes scattering (SRS) linear polarization spectroscopy of fluorescent dye solutions in liquid‐core optical fibers (LCOFs). In this scheme, the linear polarization direction of the pump pulse is set parallel to the y‐axis through a straight polarization‐maintaining LCOF, in which the energy of the total optical field $\vec{E} = \vec{E}_{\rm {p}} + \vec{E}_{\rm {s}}$ is kept invariant, and different fluorescence dyes are used to generate different first‐order Stokes intensities. We demonstrate the SRS of all‐trans‐β‐carotene and fluorescein in carbon disulfide (CS2) solutions due to the optical field‐induced reorientation effect, which makes the first‐order Stokes polarization direction rotate by an angle of 88° or 61°, respectively. This demonstrates the good agreement between the theory presented and the experiment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural, thermal and optical study of nanocrystalline silicon produced by ball milling
Authors: Poffo Claudio M. , de Lima João C. , Souza Sergio M. , Trichês Daniela M. , Grandi Tarciso A. , de Biasi Ronaldo S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe ball milling process was used to obtain nanocrystalline cubic silicon. Between 5 and 10 h of milling, amorphous silicon was also formed. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) spectrum of a powder milled for 10 h showed that the amorphous–crystalline phase transition occurs at about 450 °C. According to Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction results, volume fractions of the crystalline, interfacial and amorphous phases were about 30, 39 and 31%, respectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microchip electrophoretic separation for the fast diagnosis of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in cattle
Authors: Oh Doori , Lee Mi‐Jin , Park Jinho , Kang Seong Ho 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe report a diagnostic method for Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum) infection in cattle using a nested PCR and microchip electrophoresis (ME). A. phagocytophilum causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis and granulocytic ehrlichiosis, which are emerging tick‐borne zoonotic diseases. Nested PCR was used to amplify genomic DNA samples extracted from cattle blood. The amplified PCR products were analyzed under a sieving gel matrix of 0.7% poly(ethyleneoxide) (Mr=8 000 000) in a conventional glass microchip. In the ME assay, A. phagocytophilum was analyzed within 35 s with a relative standard deviation of 1.30% (n=5) using a programmed field strength gradient (PFSG) as follows: 615.3 V/cm for 0–24 s, 66.7 V/cm for 24–34 s, 615.3 V/cm for 34–100 s. The ME‐PFSG assay was clinically validated by comparing the 16S rRNA gene levels obtained by this method with those measured using conventional slab gel electrophoresis performed with ten cattle blood samples suspected of A. phagocytophilum infection. In contrast to slab gel electrophoresis, the proposed ME‐PFSG methodology had increased sensitivity (200–450 pg/μL), a faster analysis time (<35 s), and required a smaller sample volume (∼162 fL).