bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slit3 inhibits Robo3-induced invasion of synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Denk Alexandra E , Kaufmann Simone , Stark Klaus , Schedel Jörg , Lowin Torsten , Schubert Thomas , Bosserhoff Anja K 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Introduction
The repellent factor family of Slit molecules has been described to have repulsive function in the developing nervous system on growing axons expressing the Robo receptors. However, until today no data are available on whether these repellent factors are involved in the regulation of synovial fibroblast (SF) activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
mRNA expression in primary synovial fibroblasts was quantified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and protein expression was measured by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Different functional assays were performed with rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF): proliferation, migration and a novel in-vitro cartilage destruction assay.

Results
First, we found increased expression of Robo3 expression in RASF compared to normal SF. Interestingly, analysis of data from a recently published genome-wide association study suggests a contribution of ROBO3 gene polymorphisms to susceptibility of RA. Functional assays performed with RASF revealed induction of migration and cartilage destruction by Robo3 and increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1 and MMP3 expression. Treatment of RASF in early passages with Slit3 led to inhibition of migration whereas RASF in later passages, having reduced Robo3 expression in cell culture, were not inhibited by Slit3 treatment. Here, reduction of Robo3 expression from passage 3 to 10 might reflect an important step in losing repulsive activity of Slit3.

Conclusions
Taken together, our data showed that deregulation of the Robo3 receptor in synovial fibroblasts in RA correlates with aggressiveness of the fibroblasts. Slit3 reduces the migratory activity of synovial cells from patients with RA, potentially by repulsion of the cells in analogy to the neuronal system. Further studies will be necessary to prove Slit activity in vivo.
Enoxaparin, effective dosage for intensive care patients: double-blinded, randomised clinical trial
Authors: Robinson Sian , Zincuk Aleksander , Strøm Thomas , Larsen Torben Bjerregaard , Rasmussen Bjarne , Toft Palle 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are predisposed to thromboembolism. Routine prophylactic anticoagulation is widely recommended. Low-molecular-weight heparins, such as enoxaparin, are increasingly used because of predictable pharmacokinetics. This study aims to determine the subcutaneous (SC) dose of enoxaparin that would give the best anti-factor Xa levels in ICU patients.

Methods
The 72 patients admitted to a mixed ICU at Odense University Hospital (OUH) in Denmark were randomised into four groups to receive 40, 50, 60, or 70 mg SC enoxaparin for a period of 24 hours. Anti-factor Xa activity (aFXa) was measured before, and at 4, 12, and 24 hours after administration. An AFXa level between 0.1 to 0.3 IU/ml was considered evidence of effective antithrombotic activity.

Results
Median peak (4 hours after administration), aFXa levels increased significantly with an increase in enoxaparin dose, from 0.13 IU/ml at 40 mg, to 0.14 IU/ml at 50 mg, 0.27 IU/ml at 60 mg, and 0.29 IU/ml at 70 mg (P = 0.002). At 12 hours after administration, median aFXa levels were still within therapeutic range for those patients who received 60 mg (P = 0.02).

Conclusions
Our study confirmed that a standard dose of 40 mg enoxaparin yielded subtherapeutic levels of aFXa in critically ill patients. Higher doses resulted in better peak aFXa levels, with a ceiling effect observed at 60 mg. The present study seems to suggest inadequate dosage as one of the possible mechanisms for the higher failure rate of enoxaparin in ICU patients.

Trial Registration
ISRCTN03037804
Compatibility and Proprietary Standards: The Impact of Conversion Technologies in IT Markets with Network Effects
Authors: Liu Charles Zhechao , Gal-Or Esther , Kemerer Chris F. , Smith Michael D. 
Published: March 2010

In markets that exhibit network effects, the presence of digital conversion technologies provides an alternative mechanism to achieve compatibility. This study examines the impact of conversion technologies on market equilibrium in the context of sequential duopoly competition and proprietary technology standards. We analyze this question by departing from the extant literature to endogenize the decision to provide a converter and incorporate explicit negotiations between firms concerning the extent of conversion. We argue that these choices better reflect the environment facing firms in digital goods industries and find that these decisions change some of the established results in the literature. Specifically, we find that unless network effects are very large, the subgame-perfect equilibrium (SPNE) involves firms' agreeing to provide digital converters at a sufficiently low price to all consumers. At this equilibrium, both the entrant and the incumbent are better off because the provision of converters alleviates price competition in the market and leads to both higher product revenues and higher proceeds from the sale of converters. Moreover, under some circumstances, the provision of converters is welfare enhancing. These findings have important implications for research and practice in the adoption of new digital goods as the introduction of conversion technologies can reduce the social costs of standardization without compromising the benefits of network effects.
Determination of Exchangeable Calcium of Calcareous and Gypsiferous Bentonites
Authors: Dohrmann Reiner , Kaufhold Stephan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to find methodological tools to obtain reasonable results for exchangable Ca2+ of gypsiferous bentonites. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is an important property of clays. Numerous methods for calculating CEC and exchangeable cations exist; determination of exchangeable Ca2+ fails, however, when gypsiferous clays are examined because gypsum is dissolved throughout the exchange experiment, which in turn increases measureable Ca2+ concentrations. Several new methods (AgTUcalcite, CoHexcalcite, and Cu-trien5×calcite) have been developed to overcome a similar problem occurring with calcite by using exchange solutions saturated with respect to calcite prior to the experiment. In the present study these three solutions were also pre-treated with gypsum and labeled AgTUCcGp, CoHexCcGp, and Cu-trien5×CcGp. The special solutions were applied first to a gypsum- and calcite-free bentonite with known reference values for exchangeable Ca2+. The resulting exchangeable Ca2+ values obtained did not match with reference values. The solutions were then applied to natural calcareous and gypsiferous bentonites but only the proposed AgTUCcGp test method was successful. The performance of AgTUCcGp was relatively poor when applied to calcareous non-gypsiferous bentonites, the third group of test materials. Reasonable values for exchangeable Ca2+ of gypsiferous clays were obtained using a combination of two separate results: (1) calcite saturation of exchange solution (e.g. Cu-trien5×calcite) and (2) quantification of gypsum with suitable mineralogical methods. Result 1 eliminates errors caused by calcite dissolution though it is still incorrect because it contains significant amounts of Ca2+ from gypsum dissolution. After proving that gypsum was completely dissolved during the exchange experiment, result 2 was used to subtract the theoretical Ca2+ portion of gypsum from result 1. The initial concentration of gypsum of the samples studied was <1 wt.%, typical of many commercial bentonites. Using this combined procedure the sum of exchangeable cations is very close to the CEC, though it still exceeds the CEC by, on average, 3%, which is a satisfactory improvement. The resulting exchangeable Ca2+ values can be considered as operationally correct using this approach. Ca2+ saturation (Ca/CEC in %) of seven gypsiferous bentonites ranges from 1 to 69%.
Champia puertoricensis sp. nov. (Rhodophyta: Champiaceae) from Puerto Rico, Caribbean Sea
Authors: Lozada-Troche Chad , Ballantine David L. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Morphological examination of sympatrically growing specimens referable to Champia parvula collected as seagrass epiphytes has resulted in the recognition of a new Champia species. The new species bears resemblance to type specimens of C. parvula, differing mainly in branching pattern (opposite vs. typically alternate) and branch origin (between the septa vs. nodal region), number of axes arising from holdfasts (4–7 vs. 1 or more), and monoecious vs. dioecious gametophytes. On the basis of analyses of small ribosomal subunit and rubisco large subunit (rbcL) gene sequences, the new species was distinct from its sympatric partner. The new species clades most closely with C. vieillardii, C. compressa, and what is tentatively referred to as C. parvula from Puerto Rico. Furthermore, rbcL sequence comparison between C. vieillardii and C. compressa supports their recognition as distinct species.
Resistance to leptin-replacement therapy in Berardinelli–Seip congenital lipodystrophy: an immunological origin
Authors: Beltrand Jacques , Lahlou Najiba , Le Charpentier Tifenn , Sebag Guy , Leka Sofia , Polak Michel , Tubiana-Rufi Nadia , Lacombe Didier , de Kerdanet Marc , Huet Frederic , Robert Jean-Jacques , Chevenne Didier , Gressens Pierre , Lévy-Marchal Claire 
Published: March 2010

ContextRecently, in a 4-month proof-of-concept trial, beneficial metabolic effects were reported in non-diabetic children with Berardinelli–Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL); this information prompted us to hypothesize that long-term leptin-replacement therapy might improve or reverse the early complications of the disease in these patients.Patients and methodsA 28-month trial was implemented in eight patients. Efficacy assessment was based on a decrease in serum triglyceride concentrations, and/or a decrease in liver volume and/or an increase in insulin sensitivity of at least 30% respectively. The response was defined as follows: total (3/3 positive criteria), partial (1 or 2/3), or negative (0/3). Anti-leptin antibodies were measured with a radiobinding assay, and a neutralizing effect was assessed in primary cultures of embryonic neurons incubated with an apoptotic agent (N-methyl-d-aspartate) and the patient serum, with or without leptin.ResultsA negative or partial response to treatment was observed in five of eight patients even when leptin dosages were increased. A displaceable leptin binding was detectable in all patients after 2 months of treatment. At 28 months, binding was higher in the patients with a negative response than in the total responders, and it paralleled both the increase in leptin dosage and serum leptin concentrations. Co-incubation of embryonic neurons with serum from two patients with a negative response inhibited the neuroprotective effect of leptin.ConclusionUnder leptin therapy, patients with BSCL may develop a resistance to leptin, which could be partly of immunological origin, blunting the previously reported beneficial effects.
A Minimally Invasive Method for Extraction of Sturgeon Oocytes
Authors: Candrl James S , Papoulias Diana M , Tillitt Donald E 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Fishery biologists, hatchery personnel, and caviar fishers routinely extract oocytes from sturgeon (Acipenseridae) to determine the stage of maturation by checking egg quality. Typically, oocytes are removed either by inserting a catheter into the oviduct or by making an incision in the body cavity. Both methods can be time-consuming and stressful to the fish. We describe a device to collect mature oocytes from sturgeons quickly and effectively with minimal stress on the fish. The device is made by creating a needle from stainless steel tubing and connecting it to a syringe with polyvinyl chloride tubing. The device is filled with saline solution or water, the needle is inserted into the abdominal wall, and eggs are extracted from the fish. Using this device, an oocyte sample can be collected in less than 30 s. Such sampling leaves a minute wound that heals quickly and does not require suturing. The extractor device can easily be used in the field or hatchery, reduces fish handling time, and minimizes stress.
Poststocking Survival of Hybrid Striped Bass after Changes in Water Hardness and Temperature
Authors: Port Paul R , Lochmann Steve E , Neal J Wesley 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Mortality of hybrid striped bass (striped bass Morone saxatilis × white bass M. chrysops) after stocking can be high and is often attributed to changes in hardness between hatchery water and natural systems. Two studies were conducted to examine the effect of (1) rate of reducing water from high to low hardness and (2) abrupt changes in water hardness and temperature on poststocking survival of hybrid striped bass. In the first study, small (&lt;30 g) and large (&gt;50 g) fingerling hybrid striped bass in high-hardness water (365 mg/L CaCO3) were tempered to low-hardness water (42 mg/L) over 35 or 60 min and compared with a control group exposed to no change in hardness. In the second study, small and large fingerlings from high-hardness water (365 mg/L; 17°C) were subjected to (1) an acute 5°C increase in water temperature; (2) an acute 326-mg/L decrease in water hardness; (3) a simultaneous acute 5°C increase in temperature and 326-mg/L decrease in water hardness; or (4) no change in hardness or temperature. All groups were monitored for 1 week poststocking, and mortality was summarized. In the first study, no differences in mortality were observed between the two tempering rates or the control for small or large fingerlings. In the second study, a 326-mg/L water hardness decrease alone, a 5°C temperature increase alone, and these two treatments in combination did not significantly affect mortality for either size-class. These studies suggest that temperature and hardness changes occurring alone or simultaneously do not explain observed poststocking mortality, but additional environmental factors not tested might act synergistically with hardness and temperature changes to reduce hybrid striped bass poststocking survival.
Assessment of Prerelease Diet Regimes on Growth of Juvenile Atlantic Sturgeon
Authors: Markin Erin L , Lazur Andrew , Hengst Angie 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
To determine whether the growth rates of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus would be improved if the fish were weaned to natural food before being released into a simulated natural environment, 60 sturgeon from the 2006 and 2007 year-classes (ages 2 and 1, respectively) were subjected to two prerelease diet regimes (n = 30 per treatment, 120 total). Each year-class was divided into two groups, a control group that was fed a commercial diet for 10 d until stocking into a 0.2-ha earthen pond in June 2008 and a treatment group that was weaned to natural food over a 10-d period before stocking. Final sampling (84 d poststocking) showed that year-class had an effect on the specific growth rate (% weight gain/d) but that treatment did not. The survival rates were 77% and 80% among the controls from the 2007 and 2006 year-classes and 87% and 90% among the treatment fish. This study shows that weaning to natural food before release into a natural environment does not significantly affect the specific growth or survival rates of Atlantic sturgeon.
Interpreting true arithmetic in the -enumeration degrees
Authors: Kent Thomas F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe show that there is a first order sentence φ(x: a, b, l) such that for every computable partial order and -degree u > 0e, there are -enumeration degrees a ≤ u, b, and l such that . Allowing to be a suitably defined standard model of arithmetic gives a parameterized interpretation of true arithmetic in the -enumeration degrees. Finally we show that there is a first order sentence that correctly identifies a subset of the standard models, which gives a parameterless interpretation of true arithmetic in the -enumeration degrees.
Towards applied theories based on computability logic
Authors: Japaridze Giorgi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractComputability logic (CL) is a recently launched program for redeveloping logic as a formal theory of computability, as opposed to the formal theory of truth that logic has more traditionally been. Formulas in it represent computational problems, “truth” means existence of an algorithmic solution, and proofs encode such solutions. Within the line of research devoted to finding axiomatizations for ever more expressive fragments of CL, the present paper introduces a new deductive system CL12 and proves its soundness and completeness with respect to the semantics of CL. Conservatively extending classical predicate calculus and offering considerable additional expressive and deductive power, CL12 presents a reasonable, computationally meaningful, constructive alternative to classical logic as a basis for applied theories. To obtain a model example of such theories, this paper rebuilds the traditional, classical-logicbased Peano arithmetic into a computability-logic-based counterpart. Among the purposes of the present contribution is to provide a starting point for what, as the author wishes to hope, might become a new line of research with a potential of interesting findings—an exploration of the presumably quite unusual metatheory of CL-based arithmetic and other CL-based applied systems.
Ongoing Walking Recovery 2 Years After Locomotor Training in a Child With Severe Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Fox Emily J. , Tester Nicole J. , Phadke Chetan P. , Nair Preeti M. , Senesac Claudia R. , Howland Dena R. , Behrman Andrea L. 
Published: March 2010

Background and Purpose
The authors previously reported on walking recovery in a nonambulatory child with chronic, severe, incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) after 76 sessions of locomotor training (LT). Although clinical measures did not predict his recovery, reciprocal patterned leg movements developed, affording recovery of independent walking with a reverse rolling walker. The long-term functional limitations and secondary complications often associated with pediatric-onset SCI necessitate continued follow-up of children with SCI. Therefore, the purpose of this case report is to describe this child's walking function and musculoskeletal growth and development during the 2 years since his participation in an LT program and subsequent walking recovery.

Case Description
Following LT, the child attended elementary school as a full-time ambulator. He was evaluated 1 month (baseline), 1 year, and 2 years after LT. Examination of walking function included measures of walking independence, gait speed and spatiotemporal parameters, gait kinematics, and daily step activity. Growth and development were assessed by tracking his height, weight, incidence of musculoskeletal complications, and gross motor task performance.

Outcomes
Over the 2 years, the child continued to ambulate independently with a reverse rolling walker, increasing his fastest gait speed. Spatiotemporal and kinematic features of his walking improved, and daily step activity increased. Height and weight remained on their preinjury trajectory and within age-appropriate norms. The child experienced only minor musculoskeletal complications. Additionally, he gained the ability to use reciprocal patterned leg movements during locomotor tasks such as assisted stair climbing and independent tricycle pedaling.

Conclusions
Two years after recovery of walking, this child with incomplete SCI had maintained and improved his walking function and experienced age-appropriate growth and development.
Public perceptions of endometriosis: perspectives from both genders
Authors: SHAH DIVYA K. , MORAVEK MOLLY B. , VAHRATIAN ANJEL , DALTON VANESSA K. , LEBOVIC DAN I. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective. Many women with endometriosis experience significant delay between the onset of symptoms and definitive diagnosis. Much is published on physician awareness of endometriosis and on the experiences of women with the condition. There is a paucity of data, however, surrounding perceptions of endometriosis in the general population. This study aims to assess knowledge of endometriosis among individuals of both genders. Design. Survey study. Setting. Family waiting room of a large university hospital. Population. A total of 543 men and women. Methods. Surveys were distributed to men and women over the age of 18 in the family waiting room of a large university hospital. Main outcome measures. A series of questions regarding the etiology, symptoms, and treatments for endometriosis were combined into a composite knowledge score. Results. Knowledge of endometriosis was positively correlated with female gender, education level, regular health care, and exposure to individuals with the disease. Women diagnosed with endometriosis were more likely to have discussed symptoms of the condition with their physicians than women without the diagnosis. Conclusions. Individuals of both genders have limited knowledge of the signs and symptoms of endometriosis, which may contribute to the delay in diagnosis of the condition.
Prenatal tobacco prevention and cessation interventions for women in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: ONCKEN CHERYL A. , DIETZ PATRICIA M. , TONG VAN T. , BELIZÁN JOSÉ M. , TOLOSA JORGE E. , BERGHELLA VINCENZO , GOLDENBERG ROBERT L. , LANDO HARRY A. , SAMET JONATHAN M. , BLOCH MICHELE H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAlthough the prevalence of tobacco use is decreasing in many high‐income countries, it is increasing in many low‐ and middle‐income countries. The health and economic burden of increasing tobacco use and dependence is predictable and will have devastating effects in countries with limited resources, particularly for vulnerable populations such as pregnant women. We sought to review effective tobacco prevention and intervention strategies for decreasing tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure before and during pregnancy in high‐, middle‐, and low‐income countries. We reviewed several types of interventions, including population‐level efforts (increasing tobacco prices, implementing tobacco control policies), community interventions, clinical interventions, and pharmacological treatments.A second purpose of this report is to present findings of an international expert working group that was convened to review the evidence and to establish research priorities in the following areas: (a) preventing the uptake and reducing tobacco use among girls and women of reproductive age; and (b) reducing tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure among pregnant women. The working group considered the evidence on existing interventions in terms of burden of disease, intervention impact, intervention costs, feasibility of integration into existing services, uniqueness of the contribution, and overall feasibility. Finally, we present the working group's recommendations for intervention research priorities.