bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A TGF‐β‐induced gene, βig‐h3, is crucial for the apoptotic disappearance of the medial edge epithelium in palate fusion
Authors: Choi Kang‐Young , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Cho Byung‐Chae , Kim In‐San , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Ryoo Hyun‐Mo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTGF‐β3, TβR‐I, and TGF‐β‐activated Smad2 has been suggested to be a series of signaling molecules for secondary palate fusion. In this article, we show that a gene induced by TGF‐β, βig‐h3, is coincidentally expressed with TGF‐β3 in medial edge epithelial (MEE) cells undergoing apoptosis during normal palatal fusion. βig‐h3 was also highly expressed in the areas of post‐weaning mammary gland cells and developing phalangeal joints in which TGF‐β3 or BMP‐4‐induced apoptosis occurs, respectively. Blocking of βig‐h3 expression in E12.5 embryos with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) resulted in cleft of the secondary palate in 84% of the treated mice that were born. Moreover, the antisense ODN treatment resulted in a failure of apoptosis in the MEE between palatal shelves in physical contact in organ culture. We conclude that βig‐h3 expression in the MEE is stimulated by TGF‐β3, causes cell death, and consequently results in complete fusion of the apposed palatal shelves. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 818–825, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prolactin induces chitotriosidase expression in human macrophages through PTK, PI3‐K, and MAPK pathways
Authors: Di Rosa Michelino , Zambito Anna Maria , Marsullo Anna Rita , Volti Giovanni Li , Malaguarnera Lucia 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe previously reported that prolactin (PRL) induces chitotriosidase (CHIT‐1) mRNA expression in human macrophages. In this investigation we determined the signaling pathways involved in CHIT‐1 induction in response to PRL. The CHIT‐1 induction PRL‐mediated was reduced by wortmannin and LY‐294002, inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐K) and by genistein an inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK). Pre‐treatment of macrophages with SB203580, a specific inhibitor of the mitogen‐activated kinases (MAPK) p38, or with U0126, an inhibitor of MAPK p44/42, prevented both basal and exogenous PRL‐mediated CHIT‐1 expression. No significant effects on CHIT‐1 induction PRL‐mediated were observed with a protein kinase C inhibitor (PKC), rottlerin, or with an Src inhibitor, PP2, or with JAK2 inhibitor, AG490. In addition, PRL induced a phosphorylation of AKT that was prevented both by the two MAPK inhibitors SB203580 and U0126 and by the PI3‐K inhibitors wortmannin and LY‐294002. In conclusion, our results indicate that PRL up‐regulated CHIT‐1 expression via PTK, PI3‐K, MAPK, and signaling transduction components. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 881–889, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct inhibitory and indirect stimulatory effects of RAGE ligand S100 on sRANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Yoshida Tomohiko , Flegler Ayanna , Kozlov Andrew , Stern Paula H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDiabetes results in increased fracture risk, and advance glycation endproducts (AGEs) have been implicated in this pathophysiology. S100 proteins are ligands for the receptor of AGEs (RAGE). An intracellular role of the S100 family member S100A4 (Mts1) to suppress mineralization has been described in pre‐osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells. However, S100 proteins could have additional effects on bone. The goal of the current study was to determine effects of increased extracellular S100 on osteoclastogenesis. We first determined the direct effects of S100 on pre‐osteoclast proliferation and osteoclastic differentiation. RANKL‐treated RAW 264.7 cell proliferation and TRAP activity were significantly inhibited by S100, and the number and size of TRAP‐positive multinucleated cells were decreased. We then determined whether S100 could affect osteoclastogenesis by an indirect process by examining effects of conditioned media from S100‐treated MC3T3‐E1 cells on osteoclastogenesis. In contrast to the direct inhibitory effect of S100, the conditioned media promoted RAW 264.7 cell proliferation and TRAP activity, with a trend toward increased TRAP‐positive multinucleated cells. S100 treatment of the MC3T3‐E1 cells for 14 days did not significantly affect alkaline phosphatase, M‐CSF, or OPG gene expression. RANKL was undetectable in both untreated and treated cells. The treatment slightly decreased MC3T3‐E1 cell proliferation. Interestingly, S100 treatment increased expression of RAGE by the MC3T3‐E1 cells. This suggested the possibility that S100 could increase soluble RAGE, which acts as a decoy receptor for S100. This decrease in availability of S100, an inhibitor of pre‐osteoclast proliferation, could contribute to osteoclastogenesis, ultimately resulting in increased bone resorption. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 917–925, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultraviolet irradiation‐induces epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) nuclear translocation in human keratinocytes
Authors: Xu Yiru , Shao Yuan , Zhou Jin , Voorhees John J. , Fisher Gary J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a critical role in mediating ultraviolet (UV) irradiation‐induced signal transduction and gene expression in human keratinocytes. EGFR activation results from increased phosphorylation on specific tyrosine residues in the C‐terminal intracellular domain. It has recently been reported that following growth factor stimulation EGFR translocates from the surface membrane to the nucleus, where it may directly regulate gene transcription. We have investigated the ability of UV irradiation to induce EGFR nuclear translocation in human primary and HaCaT keratinocytes. UV irradiation caused rapid nuclear translocation of EGFR. Significant accumulation of EGFR in the nucleus was observed within 15 min after UV irradiation exposure. Maximal translocation occurred at 30 min post‐UV irradiation, and resulted in a 10‐fold increase in EGFR in the nucleus, as determined by Western blot analysis of nuclear extracts and confirmed by immunofluorescence. Inhibition of nuclear export by Leptomycin B did not alter UV irradiation‐induced nuclear accumulation. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (PD169540) reduced UV irradiation‐induced EGFR nuclear translocation 50%. Mutation of either tyrosine 1148 or tyrosine 1173 reduced nuclear translocation 70%, while mutation of tyrosine 1068 was without effect. In addition, over‐expression of receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase‐kappa (RPTP‐κ), which specifically dephosphorylates EGFR tyrosines, decreased UV irradiation‐induced EGFR nuclear translocation in human keratinocytes. These data demonstrate that UV irradiation stimulates rapid EGFR nuclear translocation, which is dependent on phosphorylation of specific EGFR tyrosine residues. EGFR nuclear translocation may act in concert with conventional signaling pathways to mediate UV irradiation‐induced responses in human keratinocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 873–880, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear cyclin D1: An oncogenic driver in human cancer
Authors: Kim Jong Kyong , Diehl J. Alan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPerturbations in the regulation of the core cell cycle machinery are frequently observed in human cancers. Cyclin D1 which functions as a mitogenic sensor and allosteric activator of CDK4/6, is one of the more frequently altered cell cycle regulators in cancers. Cyclin D1 is frequently overexpressed in cancers and its overexpression can be attributed to many factors including increased transcription, translation, and protein stability. Although cyclin D1 overexpression is clearly implicated in the affected cancers, overexpression of cyclin D1 is not sufficient to drive oncogenic transformation. Rather, emerging evidence suggests that nuclear retention of cyclin D1 resulting from altered nuclear trafficking and proteolysis is critical for the manifestation of its oncogenicity. This review provides a brief overview of current data documenting various mechanisms underlying aberrant cyclin D1 regulation in human cancers and their impact on neoplastic transformation. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 292–296, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The x cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT) as a potential target for therapy of cancer: Yet another cytotoxic anticancer approach?
Authors: Savaskan Nic E. , Hahnen Eric , Eyüpoglu Ilker Y. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article was published online on 4 May 2009. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected 8 June 2009.
Increased expression of CXCR4 and integrin αM in hypoxia‐preconditioned cells contributes to improved cell retention and angiogenic potency
Authors: Kubo Masayuki , Li Tao‐Sheng , Kamota Takahiro , Ohshima Mako , Qin Shu‐Lan , Hamano Kimikazu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCell‐based angiogenesis is a promising method for the treatment of ischemic diseases, but the poor retention of implanted cells in targeted tissues is a major drawback. We tested whether hypoxic preconditioning increased retention and angiogenic potency of implanted cells in ischemic tissue. Hypoxic preconditioning of mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) was done with 24 h of culture under 2% O2. Normoxia‐cultured PBMNCs were used as a control. Hypoxic preconditioning increased the adhesion capacity of the PBMNCs. Moreover, the expression of integrin αM and CXCR4 was significantly higher in the hypoxia‐preconditioned PBMNCs than in the normoxia‐cultured PBMNCs. Interestingly, the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), a ligand of integrin αM, and stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1), a chemokine for CXCR4, were remarkably increased in the ischemic hindlimbs. The retention of the hypoxia‐preconditioned PBMNCs was significantly higher than that of the normoxia‐cultured PBMNCs, 3 days after their intramuscular implantation into ischemic hindlimbs. We also noted better blood flow in the ischemic hindlimbs implanted with the hypoxia‐preconditioned PBMNCs than in those implanted with the normoxia‐cultured PBMNCs, 14 days after treatment. Furthermore, antibody neutralization of integrin αM and CXCR4 abolished completely the increased cell retention and angiogenic potency of the hypoxia‐preconditioned PBMNCs after implantation into the ischemic hindlimbs. These results indicate that hypoxic preconditioning of implanted cells is a feasible method of enhancing therapeutic angiogenesis by increasing their retention. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 508–514, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SMAD‐proteins as a molecular switch from hypertrophy to apoptosis induction in adult ventricular cardiomyocytes
Authors: Heger Jacqueline , Peters Saskia C. , Piper Hans‐Michael , Euler Gerhild 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHeart failure development goes along with a transition from hypertrophic growth to apoptosis induction. In adult cardiomyocytes SMAD proteins are only activated under apoptotic, but not under hypertrophic conditions and are increased at the transition to heart failure. Therefore, SMADs could be candidates that turn the balance from hypertrophic growth to apoptosis resulting in heart failure development. To test this hypothesis we infected isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes with adenovirus encoding SMAD4 (AdSMAD4) and investigated the impact of SMAD4 overexpression on the development of apoptosis and hypertrophy under stimulation with phenylephrine (PE). Infection of cardiomyocytes with AdSMAD4 significantly enhanced SMAD‐binding activity while apoptosis after 24 and 36 h infection did not rise. But when SMAD4 overexpressing cardiomyocytes were incubated with PE (10 µM), the number of apoptotic cells increased (Ctrl: 94.97 ± 6.91%; PE: 102.48 ± 4.78% vs. AdSMAD4 + PE: 118.64 ± 3.28%). Furthermore expression of caspase 3 as well as bax/bcl2 ratio increased in SMAD4 overexpressing, PE‐stimulated cardiomyocytes. In addition, the effects of SMAD4 overexpression on PE‐induced hypertrophic growth were analyzed. Protein synthesis 36 h after AdSMAD4 infection was comparable to control cells, whereas the increase in protein synthesis stimulated by phyenylephrine was significantly reduced in SMAD4 overexpressing cells (134.28 ± 10.02% vs. 100.57 ± 8.86%). SMAD4 triggers the transition from hypertrophy to apoptosis in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Since SMADs are increased under several pathophysiological conditions in the heart, it can be assumed that it triggers apoptosis induction and therefore contributes to negative remodeling and heart failure progression. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 515–523, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ballistic food transport in toucans
Authors: Baussart Sabine , Korsoun Leonid , Libourel Paul‐Antoine , Bels Vincent 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe basic mechanism of food transport in tetrapods is lingual‐based. Neognathous birds use this mechanism for exploiting a large diversity of food resources, whereas paleognathous birds use cranioinertial mechanism with or without tongue involvement. Food transport in two neognathous species of toucans (Ramphastos toco and R. vitellinus) is defined as ballistic transport mechanism. Only one transport cycle is used for moving the food from the tip of the beak to the pharynx. The food is projected between jaws with similar initial velocity in both species. At the time of release, the angle between trajectory of food position and horizontal is higher in R. vitellinus with a shorter beak than in R. toco. The tongue never makes contact with the food nor is it used to expand the buccal cavity. Tongue movement is associated with throat expansion, permitting the food to reach the entrance of the esophagus at the end of the ballistic trajectory. Selection of large food items in the diet may explain the evolutionary trend of using ballistic transport in the feeding behavior of toucans, which plays a key role in ecology of tropical forest. J. Exp. Zool. 311A:465–474, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A note on shared transportation for tourists with special reference to the Israeli sherut
Authors: Batabyal Amitrajeet A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this note, we provide answers to two hitherto unstudied questions in the literature concerning the provision of shared transportation to tourists. First, we ascertain the long run fraction of time that there is no sherut taxi at a designated taxi stand. Second, we determine the long run fraction of tourists who are lost to the sherut taxi providing firm because no taxis are available when arriving tourists want a taxi. Finally, we show that these two long run fractions are equal because the so called PASTA property holds in our model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon dioxide corrosion inhibition of N80 carbon steel in single liquid phase and liquid/particle two‐phase flow by hydroxyethyl imidazoline derivatives
Authors: Liu X. , Zheng Y. G. , Okafor P. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCO2 corrosion inhibition of N80 steel in liquid single‐phase and liquid/particle two‐phase flow by 2‐undecyl‐1‐hydroxyethyl imidazoline (HEI‐11) and 2‐undecyl‐1‐hydroxyethyl‐1‐hydroxyethyl quaternary imidazoline (HQI‐11) was investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, EIS, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The results show that the corrosion rate in the absence and presence of the imidazolines is strongly dependent on the flow condition and presence of entrained sand particles. The imidazolines function via a mixed‐type corrosion inhibition mechanism. The inhibition efficiencies of the imidazolines followed the trend HQI‐11 > HEI‐11 in all the systems studied. Inhibition mechanism has been discussed in relation to the polycentric adsorption sites on the imidazoline molecules.
The beneficial secondary effects of conventional and pulse cathodic protection for reinforced concrete, evidenced by X‐ray and microscopic analysis of the steel surface and the steel/cement paste interface
Authors: Koleva D. A. , Guo Z. , van Breugel K. , de Wit J. H. W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe present study reports on the investigation of conventional and pulse cathodic protection (CP), in terms of steel surface analysis and investigation of the product layers at the steel/cement paste interface, after a long term (460 days) of conditioning and monitoring. The techniques used were: X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX). Wet chemical analysis was used as supportive evidence for ion concentrations in the vicinity of the steel re‐bars. Generally, CP promotes beneficial secondary effects i.e. enhanced OH− concentration and reduced Cl− concentration near the steel surface. Cathodic polarization also results in additional deposition of portlandite, which stabilizes the protective properties of the product layer on the steel surface. Consequently, the fundamental mechanisms, underlying the efficiency of CP techniques in reinforced concrete, are strongly related to beneficial secondary effects of CP, affecting the morphology and transformations of these product layers. Since the experimental evidences to support the aforementioned beneficial effects are rather limited, this study investigates the morphology and composition of the “naturally” formed steel surface layers, along with the properties of the steel/cement paste interface, on corroding and protected steel reinforcement (in comparison to reference, non‐corroding, non‐protected conditions) after 460 days of conditioning. For the corroding specimens, the formation and substantial deposition of voluminous corrosion products, with low adherence to the steel surface is relevant (low protective ability), whereas in the protected specimens, a compact and adherent product layer of more stable high valent iron oxides, or calcium substituted such, was observed. To this end, the present work provides the experimental evidence for the fundamental mechanisms, related to the otherwise recognized positive secondary effects of CP in reinforced concrete.
Effect of surfactant on the alumina dispersion and corrosion behavior of electroless NiPAl2O3 composite coatings
Authors: Liu D. , Yan Y. , Lee K. , Yu J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractElectroless NiPAl2O3 composite coatings have been synthesized on mild steel shafts using surfactant cetyltrimethyle ammonium bromide (CTAB) as dispersant. The effects of the surfactant on the alumina dispersion, weight fraction in coatings, and corrosion resistance of the composite coatings under salt spray test were investigated. Results showed that alumina dispersion was improved, whereas weight fraction was decreased, with the increasing concentration of the dispersant CTAB. The corrosion resistance of the composite coatings was found to increase with the increase in CTAB concentration up to a certain optimum of 20 mg/L, beyond which a decreasing trend of corrosion resistance was observed under salt spray test. Compared with NiP coating, all the NiPAl2O3 composite coatings showed improved corrosion‐resistant properties.
Molecular characterization and corrosion behavior of thermophilic (55 °C) SRB Desulfotomaculum kuznetsovii isolated from cooling tower in petroleum refinery
Authors: Anandkumar B. , Choi J.‐H. , Venkatachari G. , Maruthamuthu S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDesulfotomaculum kuznetsovii (D. kuznetsovii), a thermophilic sulfate‐reducing bacterium (SRB), was identified in a cooling tower of a petroleum refinery by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and its functional gene encoding dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsrAB). The thermophilic sulfate‐reducing bacterial species have been reported for the first time in the cooling towers of an Indian petroleum refinery. The protein coded by dsrAB gene was cloned, expressed, and identified using recombinant DNA technology. Weight loss method, electrochemical and surface analysis showed the corrosion behavior of the isolate. In the presence of D. kuznetsovii, the corrosion rate was higher when compared to control at 55 °C. It suppresses the anodic reaction and enhances the cathodic reaction by the production of organic complex and iron sulfide, respectively. Numerous pitting were noticed on mild steel which is due to the presence of D. kuznetsovii and its role in the corrosion process has been discussed.
Pitting corrosion on 316L pipes in terephthalic acid (TA) dryer
Authors: Gong Y. , Cao J. , Meng X.‐H. , Yang Z.‐G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGrade 316L is a type of austenitic stainless steel with ultra‐low carbon content and it exhibits superior corrosion resistance. However, pitting is always observed in 316L steel when it is exposed to media containing halide ions. In the present study, we found that in the presence of acetate acid (HAc) containing chloride or bromide ions, pitting occurred on the surface of the rotary steam pipes with the matrix material of 316L steel in terephthalic acid (TA) dryer. In order to identify the causes of the failure, metallographic structures and chemical compositions of the matrix material were inspected by an optical microscope (OM) and a photoelectric direct reading spectrometer. Beside these, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) as well as ion chromatography (IC) were used to analyze the micromorphologies of the corrosion pits and the chemical compositions of the corrosion deposits within them. Analysis of the results revealed the sources of halide ions and the factors accelerating the corrosion rate. Beside these, detailed mechanisms of pitting were discussed and six out of all the seven theoretical morphologies of pitting features were obtained in practice.
Characterization of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings formed on Mg–Li alloy in an alkaline silicate electrolyte containing silica sol
Authors: Liu J. , Lu Y. , Jing X. , Yuan Y. , Zhang M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe investigate the influence of silica sol addition on the ceramic coatings of Mg–Li alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in an alkaline silicate electrolyte. Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy are employed to characterize the microstructure and composition of the ceramic coatings. The anti‐corrosion behavior of the ceramic coatings is evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements in conjunction with electrochemical impedance analysis. The ceramic coating formed in the electrolyte containing silica sol contains SiO2 and Mg2SiO4 phase and has more uniform morphology and higher corrosion resistance than that formed in the electrolyte without addition of silica sol.
Physiological phosphatidylcholine protects bovine β‐lactoglobulin from simulated gastrointestinal proteolysis
Authors: Mandalari Giuseppina , Mackie Alan M. , Rigby Neil M. , Wickham Martin S. J. , Mills E. N. Clare 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe have investigated the effect of phosphatidylcholine (PC) on the resistance of bovine β‐lactoglobulin (β‐Lg) to simulated in vitro gastrointestinal proteolysis. Whilst addition of PC did not affect the resistance of β‐Lg to gastric pepsinolysis, it protected the protein from subsequent degradation under duodenal conditions. The effect was dependent on the ratio of PC to β‐Lg, 16% of the protein remaining intact in the presence of an equimolar ratio of PC/protein, which increased to 62% when a 60‐fold molar excess of PC was included. PC also altered the pattern of digestion products observed by SDS‐PAGE. Thermal denaturation of β‐Lg abolished this effect showing that it was dependent on the native folded structure of the protein. Since neither of the β‐Lg ligands retinol or palmitate exerted a protective effect, it is unlikely that PC is mediating its effect by occupying the central calyx. An alternative explanation may be that the lipids bind to a secondary fatty acid binding site in β‐Lg, thus blocking the action of proteases for steric reasons. These data indicate how biomolecular interactions between proteins and lipids may alter patterns of proteolysis and need to be taken into consideration in any in vitro model of digestion.