bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury in Long-Term Care Homes: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Colantonio Angela , Howse Dana , Patel Jigisha 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe aim of this research was to identify the number and characteristics of adults under the age of 65 with a diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) living in long-term care homes (nursing homes, homes for the aged and charitable homes) in Ontario, Canada. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design. Secondary data analysis of a comprehensive provincial database of long-term care homes was conducted. Results: Of the 399 residents coded as having a TBI, 154 were < 65 years of age. Virtually all residents were limited in personal care and required assistance for eating (94.2%), toileting (92.2%) and dressing (99.4%). A large percentage also required care for challenging behaviours, while care needs due to substance abuse was common among 12.3% of TBI residents. Conclusion: As similar research in Australia has found, young persons in long-term care homes in Ontario, Canada, have high level personal health needs, however the appropriateness of this environment is questionable.
Everyday Memory for Everyday Tasks: Prospective Memory as an Outcome Measure Following TBI in Older Adults
Authors: Kinsella Glynda J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTraumatic brain injury in older adults is an increasing problem in our aging community. Traditional functional outcome measures, such as return to work or academic achievement, as used with younger samples following traumatic brain injury are of limited use for older people. Although challenging to assess reliably, evaluation of prospective memory is gradually being included in outcome assessments following traumatic brain injury in younger samples and may be a useful index of cognitive competence in everyday life when assessing older adults following traumatic brain injury.
Impact of Smoking on Human Bone Apposition at Different Dental Implant Surfaces: A Histologic Study in Type IV Bone
Authors: d'Avila Susana , dos Reis Leonardo Delfino , Piattelli Adriano , Aguiar Kelly C. S. , de Faveri Marcelo , Borges Fábio L. , Iezzi Giovanna , Oliveira Nilson T. C. , de G. Cardoso Luciana Ap , Shibli Jamil Awad 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSmoking has adverse effects on peri-implant bone healing and can cause bone loss around successfully integrated implants placed on type IV bone. This study evaluated the influence of implant surface topography of microimplants retrieved from posterior maxilla of smokers after 2 months of unloaded healing. Seven partially edentulous patients received 2 microimplants (machined and sandblasted acid-etched surface) each during conventional implant surgery. Histometric evaluation showed that the mean bone to implant contact was 10.40 ± 14.16% and 22.19 ± 14.68% to machined and sandblasted acid-etched surfaces, respectively (P &lt; .001). These data suggest that the sandblasted acid-etched surface presented better results than the machined surface after a short healing time in smokers.
Indirect Sinus Floor Elevation for Osseointegrated Prostheses. A 10-Year Prospective Study
Authors: Agamy Emad Mohamed Tolba Mahmoud , Niedermeier Wilhelm 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the indirect/closed maxillary floor elevation technique for the insertion of osseointegrated implants to support fixed prostheses clinically. Thirty-one patients (19 female, 12 male) with a mean age of 62 ± 9 years were selected for this study. All patients needed implants in the posterior maxillary region to support osseointegrated prosthesis. Forty-seven implants were inserted using the indirect/closed sinus floor elevation method, and another 31 implants were placed in the same individuals as intra-individual control. No augmentation material was used along with implantation. The mean bone height before sinus lift was 9.78 ± 1.68 mm (minimum 5.6 mm), and for controls it was 15.62 ± 3.44 mm. The average length of the implants used was 12.00 ± 1.70 mm, whereas for controls it was 13.39 ± 1.60 mm. The patients were recalled for periodic checkups every 6 months, and the radiographic controls were made every 12 months. One control fixture failed after uncovering; 77 implants were loaded, and 5 of them failed (2 controls and 3 of the sinus lift group) between 3 and 59 months following loading. One hundred nineteen months after surgery (112 months following loading), the censored survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) was 93.6% for sinus lift implants and 90.3% for controls. The crestal bone level changes were not significant either before loading or after loading for both sinus lift and control implants. None of the remaining implants showed any signs of mobility or peri-implant disease, and none of the patients exhibited sinus problems during the entire observation period.
Scanning Electron Microscopy Fractography Analysis of Fractured Hollow Implants
Authors: Sbordone Ludovico , Traini Tonino , Caputi Sergio , Scarano Antonio , Bortolaia Claudia , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Fracture of the implant is one of the possible complications affecting dental implants; it is a rare event but of great clinical relevance. The aim of the present study was to perform a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractography evaluation of 7 International Team for oral Implantology (ITI) hollow implants removed because of fracture. The most common clinical risk factors, such as malocclusion, bruxism, and cantilevers on the prosthesis, were absent. Seven fractured ITI hollow implants were retrieved from 5 patients and were analyzed with the use of SEM. SEM analysis showed typical signs of a cleavage-type fracture. Fractures could be due to an association of multiple factors such as fatigue, inner defects, material electrochemical problems, and tensocorrosion.
Language and Early Reading among Children with Orofacial Clefts
Authors: Collett Brent R. , Leroux Brian , Speltz Matthew L. 
Published: April 2010

Objective To test the hypothesis that children with orofacial clefts score lower than controls on measures of language and reading and to examine predictors of these outcomes. Design Longitudinal study tracking the development of children with and without orofacial clefts from infancy through age 7 years. Subjects Children with isolated cleft lip and palate (n = 29) and cleft palate only (n = 28) were recruited from the craniofacial program in an urban medical center. Seventy-seven demographically similar, unaffected controls were recruited via advertisements placed in area pediatric clinics and community centers. Measures Infant measures assessed child development and mother-child interactions during feeding and teaching tasks. At ages 5 and 7 years, measures of language functioning and academic achievement were completed along with an interview to collect school placement data and information on speech services received. Results There were no significant group differences in language at ages 5 and 7 years. Children with clefts scored significantly higher than controls on measures of early reading at age 7 years. Outcomes were predicted by demographic factors, the quality of mother-child interactions during teaching and feeding tasks, and cognitive development scores at age 24 months. Conclusions Findings do not support the hypothesis that children with clefts score lower than controls on neurocognitive and academic achievement measures. Predictive analyses revealed several dimensions that may be used in clinical practice to identify children at risk for learning and developmental concerns.
Psychosocial Adjustment in Children and Adolescents with a Craniofacial Anomaly: Diagnosis-Specific Patterns
Authors: Snyder Heather , Pope Alice W. 
Published: April 2010

Objective To obtain descriptive information about diagnosis-specific patterns of psychosocial adjustment for children and adolescents with craniofacial anomalies. Design Chart review of medical records was used to obtain psychosocial checklists. Scores were compared with published norms to evaluate elevated risk of problems, separately for six diagnostic groups. Setting Plastic surgery department in urban university medical center. Participants As part of routine ongoing care, 408 caregivers completed checklists assessing psychosocial adjustment of children aged 2 to 18 years with diagnosis of cleft lip and palate, cleft lip only, cleft palate only, craniosynostosis, hemifacial microsomia, and hemangioma. Main Outcome Measure Child Behavior Checklist ( Achenbach, 1991 , 1992 ). Results The craniosynostosis group showed elevated rates (beyond norms) of social, academic, and attention problems. The cleft lip and palate group showed elevations in social problems and deficits in social, academic, and activities competencies. The other diagnostic groups had few areas of elevated problems and had reduced risk in some areas. Conclusion Specific patterns of strengths and weaknesses in psychosocial adjustment may vary by craniofacial anomaly diagnosis. Replication of these findings, with extension to other craniofacial anomaly diagnoses, is warranted.
Effects of Velopharyngeal Dysfunction on Middle Ear of Repaired Cleft Palate Patients
Authors: Da Silva Daniela Preto , Collares Marcus Vinicius Martins , Da Costa Sady Selaimen 
Published: April 2010

Objective Cleft palates are strongly associated with the development of otitis media due to the anatomic and functional defect of the soft palate musculature and the associated alterations of velopharyngeal muscle insertion on tubal cartilage, or even intrinsic alterations of the cartilage, which affects eustachian tube function. This study will assess velopharyngeal muscle adequacy after palatoplasty through videonasoendoscopy and verify if there is a correlation with otologic status. Design Transversal study. Setting Otorhinolaryngology and cleft palate outpatient service of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil. Patients Seventy-three patients with cleft palate or cleft lip and palate between the ages of 6 and 12 years who had already undergone palatoplasty. Interventions Videonasoendoscopy for evaluation of velopharyngeal function and videotoscopy to assess middle ear status. Main Outcome Measures Severity scale for videonasoendoscopic and videotoscopic findings. Results There was no significant correlation between the videonasoendoscopic and the videotoscopic scores in the population studied. Discussion and Conclusions Intrinsic defects of the eustachian tube cartilage and of the insertion of the velopharyngeal muscles seem to contribute to the evolution of otitis media in patients with cleft palate, in addition to the actual defect of the soft palate. There was no correlation between the severity of the otoscopic findings and the degree of velopharyngeal dysfunction.
"Flying Home": Ralph Ellison, Richard Wright, and the Black Folk during World War II
Authors: Lucy Robin 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This article examines the theories of the black folk (those African Americans understood to constitute a folk group) as an economic, cultural, and literary category in the wartime writing of Richard Wright and Ralph Ellison. It rereads this work within the context of current scholarship that historicizes and contests the construction of the folk in folklore and literary theory and their applications. This article has a particular focus on the numerous and uncollected articles by Ellison and on the oral history narratives he recorded for the Federal Writers’ Project. While both writers initially adopted a Marxist perspective on the folk, as defined by Wright’s "Blueprint for Negro Writing" (1937), the work of Ellison and Wright diverged from this platform, though in radically different ways. Ellison’s perspective developed to encompass a cultural nationalist position that was, in turn, deeply embedded in a pluralist and syncretic vision of American culture. In African American folk culture, Ellison limned a political agenda for activism. Wright, in contrast, aligned himself with the views of Gunnar Myrdal, which Ellison disputed. Recovering and delineating the ways in which Ellison’s construction of the black folk ultimately diverges from that of Wright is a key element in the rereading of the cultural politics of wartime African American writing.
What’s in a Coin? Reading the Material Culture of Legend Tripping and Other Activities
Authors: Holly Donald H. , Cordy Casey E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Several people accused of being vampires are buried in southern Rhode Island. Their legends are well known, and as a result some of the places where these people are buried are sites of considerable activity. Drawing primarily on material culture left behind by visitors, we attempt to identify activities that are taking place at these gravesites. Our observations suggest that vandalism, partying, legend tripping, tourism, and perhaps even magic and sorcery occur at the gravesites, presumably long after dark. Such activities speak to a wide range of intentions, beliefs, and experiences on the part of visitors. Taking a material culture approach to the study of graveyard practices, this article documents activities that would otherwise be difficult to observe.
Hair: From the West to the Middle East through the Mediterranean (The 2007 AFS Mediterranean Studies Section Address)
Authors: Bromberger Christian 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
From shaving to curling, from the concealment of hair to its ostentatious display, hair lends itself to a wide assortment of arrangements. It is uniquely suited for expressing status difference, relations among kin, group membership, and both the submission to and refusal of predominant social, political, and religious norms. Its fashioning entails, among other things, a striking aesthetic affinity with gardening and home decoration. From the West to the Middle East through the Mediterranean, this article explores the symbolic significances that societies attribute to this hotly debated physical characteristic and, more broadly, the interplay between voluntary social practices and culturally imposed rules of conduct.
Vernacular Health Moralities and Culinary Tourism in Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Everett Holly 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This article addresses class-based moral judgments as a crucial aspect of both informal and consciously constructed kinds of culinary tourism in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Interview and survey data, as well as Internet travelogues, further reveal the development and negotiation of vernacular health moralities that influence the ways in which certain foods are culturally constructed to convey status.
Regulation of MafA Expression in Pancreatic β-Cells in db/db Mice With Diabetes
Authors: Matsuoka Taka-aki , Kaneto Hideaki , Miyatsuka Takeshi , Yamamoto Tsunehiko , Yamamoto Kaoru , Kato Ken , Shimomura Iichiro , Stein Roland , Matsuhisa Munehide 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE
Islet β-cells loose their ability to synthesize insulin under diabetic conditions, which is at least partially due to the decreased activity of insulin transcription factors such as MafA. Although an in vitro study showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) decrease MafA expression, the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of c-Jun, which is known to be upregulated by ROS, on the expression of MafA under diabetic conditions.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
To examine the protein levels of MafA and c-Jun, we performed histological analysis and Western blotting using diabetic db/db mice. In addition, to evaluate the possible effects of c-Jun on MafA expression, we performed adenoviral overexpression of c-Jun in the MIN6 β-cell line and freshly isolated islets.

RESULTS
MafA expression was markedly decreased in the islets of db/db mice, while in contrast c-Jun expression was increased. Costaining of these factors in the islets of db/db mice clearly showed that MafA and insulin levels are decreased in c-Jun–positive cells. Consistent with these results, overexpression of c-Jun significantly decreased MafA expression, accompanied by suppression of insulin expression. Importantly, MafA overexpression restored the insulin promoter activity and protein levels that were suppressed by c-Jun. These results indicate that the decreased insulin biosynthesis induced by c-Jun is principally mediated by the suppression of MafA activity.

CONCLUSIONS
It is likely that the augmented expression of c-Jun in diabetic islets decreases MafA expression and thereby reduces insulin biosynthesis, which is often observed in type 2 diabetes.
Impact of Common Variants of PPARG, KCNJ11, TCF7L2, SLC30A8, HHEX, CDKN2A, IGF2BP2, and CDKAL1 on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in 5,164 Indians
Authors: Chauhan Ganesh , Spurgeon Charles J. , Tabassum Rubina , Bhaskar Seema , Kulkarni Smita R. , Mahajan Anubha , Chavali Sreenivas , Kumar M.V. Kranthi , Prakash Swami , Dwivedi Om Prakash , Ghosh Saurabh , Yajnik Chittaranjan S. , Tandon Nikhil , Bharadwaj Dwaipayan , Chandak Giriraj R. 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE
Common variants in PPARG, KCNJ11, TCF7L2, SLC30A8, HHEX, CDKN2A, IGF2BP2, and CDKAL1 genes have been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes in European populations by genome-wide association studies. We have studied the association of common variants in these eight genes with type 2 diabetes and related traits in Indians by combining the data from two independent case–control studies.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We genotyped eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (PPARG-rs1801282, KCNJ11-rs5219, TCF7L2-rs7903146, SLC30A8-rs13266634, HHEX-rs1111875, CDKN2A-rs10811661, IGF2BP2-rs4402960, and CDKAL1-rs10946398) in 5,164 unrelated Indians of Indo-European ethnicity, including 2,486 type 2 diabetic patients and 2,678 ethnically matched control subjects.

RESULTS
We confirmed the association of all eight loci with type 2 diabetes with odds ratio (OR) ranging from 1.18 to 1.89 (P = 1.6 × 10−3 to 4.6 × 10−34). The strongest association with the highest effect size was observed for TCF7L2 (OR 1.89 [95% CI 1.71–2.09], P = 4.6 × 10−34). We also found significant association of PPARG and TCF7L2 with homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (P = 6.9 × 10−8 and 3 × 10−4, respectively), which looked consistent with recessive and under-dominant models, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study replicates the association of well-established common variants with type 2 diabetes in Indians and shows larger effect size for most of them than those reported in Europeans.
Associations Between Features of Glucose Exposure and A1C
Authors: Borg Rikke , Kuenen Judith C. , Carstensen Bendix , Zheng Hui , Nathan David M. , Heine Robert J. , Nerup Jorn , Borch-Johnsen Knut , Witte Daniel R. ,   on behalf of the ADAG Study Group
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE
Various methods are used to quantify postprandial glycemia or glucose variability, but few have been compared and none are standardized. Our objective was to examine the relationship among common indexes of postprandial glycemia, overall hyperglycemia, glucose variability, and A1C using detailed glucose measures obtained during everyday life and to study which blood glucose values of the day provide the strongest prediction of A1C.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In the A1C-Derived Average Glucose (ADAG) study, glucose levels were monitored in 507 participants (268 type 1 diabetic, 159 type 2 diabetic, and 80 nondiabetic subjects) with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) during 16 weeks. We calculated several indexes of glycemia and analyzed their intercorrelations. The association between glucose measurements at different times of the day (pre- and postprandial) and A1C was examined using multiple linear regression.

RESULTS
Indexes of glucose variability showed strong intercorrelation. Among postprandial indexes, the area under the glucose curve calculated from CGM 2 h after a meal correlated well with the 90-min SMBG postprandial measurements. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were only moderately correlated with indexes of hyperglycemia and average or postprandial glucose levels. Indexes derived with SMBG strongly correlated with those from CGM. Some SMBG time points had a stronger association with A1C than others. Overall, preprandial glucose values had a stronger association with A1C than postprandial values for both diabetes types, particularly for type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Indexes of glucose variability and average and postprandial glycemia intercorrelate strongly within each category. Variability indexes are weakly correlated with the other categories, indicating that these measures convey different information. FBG is not a clear indicator of general glycemia. Preprandial glucose values have a larger impact on A1C levels than postprandial values.
Leptin Deficiency Causes Insulin Resistance Induced by Uncontrolled Diabetes
Authors: German Jonathan P. , Wisse Brent E. , Thaler Joshua P. , Oh-I Shinsuke , Sarruf David A. , Ogimoto Kayoko , Kaiyala Karl J. , Fischer Jonathan D. , Matsen Miles E. , Taborsky Gerald J. , Schwartz Michael W. , Morton Gregory J. 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE
Depletion of body fat stores during uncontrolled, insulin-deficient diabetes (uDM) results in markedly reduced plasma leptin levels. This study investigated the role of leptin deficiency in the genesis of severe insulin resistance and related metabolic and neuroendocrine derangements induced by uDM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Adult male Wistar rats remained nondiabetic or were injected with the β-cell toxin, streptozotocin (STZ) to induce uDM and subsequently underwent subcutaneous implantation of an osmotic minipump containing either vehicle or leptin at a dose (150 μg/kg/day) designed to replace leptin at nondiabetic plasma levels. To control for leptin effects on food intake, another group of STZ-injected animals were pair fed to the intake of those receiving leptin. Food intake, body weight, and blood glucose levels were measured daily, with body composition and indirect calorimetry performed on day 11, and an insulin tolerance test to measure insulin sensitivity performed on day 16. Plasma hormone and substrate levels, hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression, and measures of tissue insulin signal transduction were also measured.

RESULTS
Physiologic leptin replacement prevented insulin resistance in uDM via a mechanism unrelated to changes in food intake or body weight. This effect was associated with reduced total body fat and hepatic triglyceride content, preservation of lean mass, and improved insulin signal transduction via the insulin receptor substrate–phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxy kinase pathway in the liver, but not in skeletal muscle or adipose tissue. Although physiologic leptin replacement lowered blood glucose levels only slightly, it fully normalized elevated plasma glucagon and corticosterone levels and reversed the increased hepatic expression of gluconeogenic enzymes characteristic of rats with uDM.

CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that leptin deficiency plays a key role in the pathogenesis of severe insulin resistance and related endocrine disorders in uDM. Treatment of diabetes in humans may benefit from correction of leptin deficiency as well as insulin deficiency.