bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Analysis of risk factors associated with unfavorable response to treatments in rifampicin-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis patients
Authors: Lv Luyi , Ye Ling , Lan Jianhua , Fang Min , Wang Tao , Wu Zhiyu , Wu Shugen , Lu Weili , Peng Chunxian , Lu Tao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to analyze the risk factors influencing the unfavorable responses to treatments in rifampicin-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients for the early identification of high-risk patients and timely interventions.
Methods
Rifampicin-sensitive PTB patients admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases, Quzhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021, were included. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the relevant risk factors, and the predictive value of these risk factors was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Results
A total of 731 rifampicin-sensitive PTB patients were included. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.397, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.227-4.684), age ≥ 60 years (OR = 3.527, 95% CI 1.675-7.425), concomitant respiratory failure (OR = 3.727, 95% CI 1.163-11.944), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR = 1.008, 95% CI 1.002-1.013), decreased CD4+/CD8+ ratio (OR = 0.783, 95% CI 0.628-0.976), and low body mass index (BMI) (OR = 0.908, 95% CI 0.829-0.994) were identified as risk factors for failed treatments in rifampicin-sensitive PTB patients (P< 0.05). Male gender (OR = 13.701, 95% CI 1.461-128.481), age ≥ 60 years (OR = 5.684, 95% CI 1.058-30.538), concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 3.531, 95% CI 1.163-10.718), hypoalbuminemia (OR = 0.801, 95% CI 0.692-0.928), decreased CD4+/CD8+ ratio (OR = 0.637, 95% CI 0.412-0.984), and low BMI (OR = 0.787, 95% CI 0.643-0.963) were identified as prognostic risk factors for rifampicin-sensitive PTB patients (P < 0.05). The areas under the curve (AUC) for CRP, CD4+/CD8+, and BMI in predicting unfavorable treatment responses were 0.697, 0.576, and 0.632, respectively. The AUCs for serum albumin, CD4+/CD8+, and BMI in predicting mortality in rifampicin-sensitive PTB patients were 0.907, 0.651, and 0.710, respectively.
Conclusion
Male gender, age ≥ 60 years, concomitant respiratory failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypoalbuminemia, elevated CRP, decreased CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and low BMI were identified as risk factors for unfavorable treatment responses in rifampicin-sensitive PTB patients. Specifically, serum albumin alone showed the highest prognostic predictive value among rifampicin-sensitive PTB patients.
Predicting the Severity of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia in Pediatric and Adult Patients: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Zhuo Li-Yong , Hao Jia-Wei , Song Zi-Jun , Meng Huan , Wang Tian-da , Yang Lu-lu , Yang Zi-Mei , Ma Jia-Mei , Shen Dan , Cui Jing-jing , Yang Wei , Zang Li-li , Yin Xiao-ping , Wang Jia-ning 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop a nomogram model for early prediction of the severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) in Pediatric and Adult Patients.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with MPP, classifying them into SMPP and non-severe MPP (NSMPP) groups. A total of 550 patients (NSMPP 374 and SMPP 176) were enrolled in the study and allocated to training, validation cohorts. 278 patients (NSMPP 224 and SMPP 54) were retrospectively collected from two institutions and allocated to testing cohort. The risk factors for SMPP were identified using univariate analysis. For radiomic feature selection, Spearman’s correlation and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were utilized. Logistic regression was used to build different models, including clinical, imaging, radiomics, and integrated models (combining clinical, imaging, and radiomics features selected). The model’s discrimination was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve, its calibration with a calibration curve, and the results were visualized using the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test.
Results: Thirteen clinical features and fourteen imaging features were selected for constructing the clinical and imaging models. Simultaneously, a set of twenty-five radiomics features were utilized to build the radiomics model. The integrated model demonstrated good calibration and discrimination in the training cohorts (AUC, 0.922; 95% CI: 0.900, 0.942), validation cohorts (AUC, 0.879; 95% CI: 0.806, 0.920), and testing cohorts (AUC, 0.877; 95% CI: 0.836, 0.916). The discriminatory and predictive efficacy of the clinical model in testing cohorts increased further after clinical and radiological features were incorporated (AUC, 0.849 vs. 0.922, P = 0.002).
Conclusion: The model demonstrated exemplary predictive efficacy for SMPP by leveraging a comprehensive set of inputs, encompassing clinical data, quantitative and qualitative radiological features, along with radiomics features. The integration of these three aspects in the predictive model further enhanced the performance of the clinical model, indicating the potential for extensive clinical applications.
Euphorbium compositum SN improves the innate defenses of the airway mucosal barrier network during rhinovirus infection
Authors: Rajput Charu , Ganjian Haleh , Muruganandam Ganesh , Weyer Kathrin , Dannenmaier Julia , Seilheimer Bernd , Sajjan Umadevi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Rhinoviruses (RV) are the major cause of common colds in healthy individuals and are associated with acute exacerbations in patients with chronic lung diseases. Yet, no vaccines or effective treatment against RV are available. This study investigated the effect of Euphorbium compositum SN (ECSN6), a multicomponent, multitarget medication made from natural ingredients, on the mucosal barrier network during RV infection.
Methods
Mucociliary-differentiated airway epithelial cell cultures were infected with RV or sham, and treated with 20% ECSN6 or placebo twice daily. Barrier integrity was assessed by measuring transepithelial resistance (TER), permeability to inulin, and expression and localization of intercellular junctions proteins (IJ). Ciliary beat frequency (CBF), expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, antiviral interferons and mucins, and viral load were also measured. C57BL/6 mice were infected intranasally with RV or sham and treated with 40% ECSN6 or placebo twice daily. Inflammation of sinunasal mucosa, localization of E-cadherin, viral load and mucin gene expression were determined.
Results
ECSN6-treated, uninfected cell cultures showed small, but significant increase in TER over placebo, which was associated with enhanced localization of E-cadherin and ZO-1 to IJ. In RV-infected cultures, treatment with ECSN6, but not placebo prevented RV-induced 1) reduction in TER, 2) dissociation of E-cadherin and ZO-1 from the IJ, 3) mucin expression, and 4) CBF attenuation. ECSN6 also decreased RV-stimulated expression pro-inflammatory cytokines and permeability to inulin. Although ECSN6 significantly increased the expression of some antiviral type I and type III interferons, it did not alter viral load. In vivo, ECSN6 reduced RV1B-induced mild inflammation of sinunasal mucosa, beneficially affected RV1B-induced cytokine responses and Muc5ac mRNA expression and prevented RV-caused dissociation of E-cadherin from the IJ of nasal mucosa without an effect on viral clearance.
Conclusions
ECSN6 prevents RV-induced airway mucosal barrier dysfunction and improves the immunological and mucociliary barrier function. ECSN6 may maintain integrity of barrier function by promoting localization of tight and adherence junction proteins to the IJ. This in turn may lead to the observed decrease in RV-induced pro-inflammatory responses in vitro. By improving the innate defenses of the airway mucosal barrier network, ECSN6 may alleviate respiratory symptoms caused by RV infections.
Successful Corneal Endothelium Preservation in the Management of an Iris Membrane with repeated 5- Fluorouracil injections and membranectomy
Authors: Kam Ka Wai , Ma Andre , Ng Joanna , Choi Paul , Yip Wilson Wai Kuen , Young Alvin L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

A 74-year-old Chinese man underwent extracapsular cataract extraction in his right eye and developed a translucent iris membrane 4 months later. He was treated with two intracameral 5-FU injections and membranectomy at 2 weeks apart. At one year following the second membranectomy, the patient maintained a clear cornea without residual or recurrent membrane, an endothelial cell density of 1072 cell/mm2, a visual acuity of 20/50 and a normal intraocular pressure. Our technique of using dispersive and cohesive viscoelastics in protecting the corneal endothelium from intracameral 5-FU, helped preserve corneal endothelial cells and maintain corneal clarity at two years after surgery.
High Costs of GHG Abatement with Electrifying the Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet with Heterogeneous Preferences of Vehicle Consumers
Authors: Khanna Madhu , Zhong Jia , Ramea Kalai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Ambitious policy targets have recently been set in the US to increase the share of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in new vehicle sales to 50%, supported by the Clean Vehicle tax credit and investment in electric vehicle charging infrastructure, to reduce GHG emissions from the transportation sector. We develop an integrated multi-sector model that accounts for the effects of consumer heterogeneity in the tangible and intangible costs of BEVs and behavioral preferences in influencing vehicle purchase choices, the dynamics of vehicle stock turnover, and the additional emissions from electricity generation induced by EVs to analyze the effectiveness of these policies in achieving their targets and their economic costs. We find that with the projected mix of electricity generation, these policies will increase the share of BEVs in vehicle stock to 20% at most and reduce GHG emissions by 5% (net of the increase in GHG emissions from the electricity sector) in 2030 compared to the baseline. The net present value of the cumulative welfare costs of these policies over 2022–2030, on the transportation and electricity sectors, is $411 Billion (B) and their cumulative GHG abatement is about 0.9 B metric tons (Mg) of CO2, implying a welfare cost of abatement of $458 per Mg of CO2; this is several times larger than estimates of the social cost of carbon. Our findings question the efficacy of a single-minded policy focus on the electrification of vehicles to decarbonize the transportation sector and indicate a significant role for a diversified approach that includes advancing low-carbon biofuels that can lower the carbon intensity of driving most vehicles that will continue to require liquid fuels in the coming decades.
An HIV model incorporating partial vaccination and treatment
Authors: Rassim Darazirar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This article introduces a mathematical model that combines HIV dynamics with a compartment for chronic illnesses. The model considers the influence of incomplete vaccination on HIV transmission, as well as the disease’s various phases and immune response. A model study, including the determination of the basic reproduction number R0, indicates the influence of vaccination on the long-term prevalence of HIV. If R0 is more than one, the sickness continues; if it is less than one, the disease dies. The shift of individuals into the chronic illness compartment is being investigated. The findings highlight the relevance of vaccine effectiveness and length of protection in preventing HIV transmission and progression to chronic phases. This study has important implications for HIV prevention and management techniques.
Beyond the blockade: Exploring research outputs in the Gaza strip
Authors: Mhamdi Ridha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to investigate the scholarly output of researchers from the Gaza Strip. Utilizing the Scopus database, we retrieved 4076 documents authored by Gaza-based researchers, focusing on research articles and reviews. Through bibliometric analysis using SciVal and VOSviewer, we examined publication and citation patterns, subject areas and topics, prolific authors, highly cited papers, institutional dynamics, and international collaboration. Our findings reveal a remarkable scholarly engagement from Gaza despite adversities, with a steady increase in annual publications, notably surpassing 400 publications per year in 2022 and 2023. The citations count witnessed a significant rise, reflecting an increasing visibility and influence of Gaza's research output worldwide. Notably, the Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) exceeded the global average, highlighting the quality and impact of Gaza's publications. Gaza's research spans diverse subject areas, with Medicine, Engineering, Materials Science, and Physics emerging as the most prolific. Topics such as construction engineering, public health, and mathematics demonstrate the breadth and significance of research conducted in the region. The Islamic University of Gaza, Al-Azhar University of Gaza, and Al-Aqsa University have demonstrated resilience amidst conflict, contributing significantly to scholarly output despite facing destruction and targeting. Prolific authors like Tayeh B.A., Alajerami Y.S.M., and Awadallah M.A. have made substantial contributions across various disciplines, showcasing Gaza's potential and dedication to research. International collaboration has been pivotal, with collaborations spanning 159 countries. However, constraints imposed by the siege and occupation have hindered the development of robust local academic networks, reflected in lower FWCI scores associated with national and institutional collaborations. These findings can help raise awareness of the valuable contributions being made by Gazan researchers and advocate for increased recognition and support for their work.
Outsmarting Artificial Intelligence in the Classroom—Incorporating Large Language Model-Based Chatbots into Teaching
Authors: Wutzler Juliane 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Since the release of ChatGPT in November 2022, large language model-based chatbots have attracted much attention. Although businesses value their potential for efficiency gains, academics are concerned about their effects on learning and assessments. This Case enables instructors to integrate large language model-based chatbots into the curriculum. Students assume the role of a professional accountant who retrieves an artificial intelligence-written text that has to be evaluated and improved before presenting it to a client. The analysis and writing activity help students gain domain-specific accounting knowledge and improve their writing skills. Students also improve their computer literacy as they learn to engage with artificial intelligence effectively, assess generated output, and evaluate output quality. These learnings enable students to judge in which business scenarios chatbots are beneficial and when original human contributions will likely remain superior. Finally, this activity expands other cognitive skills, such as critical thinking and judgment.
JEL Classifications: A22; A23; M40; M41; M49.
A Transaction Cost Model of Tax-Motivated Income Shifting into Dot-Sized Tax Havens and an Empirical Examination of E-Commerce Effects
Authors: Chen Chao , Harris David G. , Shi Linna , Zhou Nan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Our paper develops a new transaction cost model of tax-motivated income shifting. We analytically show that income shifted by U.S. multinational parent corporations into their tax haven subsidiaries differs from predictions based only on tax rate differences because of the transaction costs of shifting income into tax haven subsidiaries. Our model predicts that e-commerce facilitates greater income shifting by lowering the transaction costs of income-shifting operations, which theoretically supports our focus on actual income shifting instead of the traditional focus on effective tax rates alone. Empirically, we find that greater numbers of multinational corporations’ dot-sized tax havens significantly increase profits shifted out of their U.S. parent corporations and also show with a separate estimation that this amount is similar to amounts shifted into their tax haven subsidiaries, consistent with income shifting being a zero-sum strategy. This novel approach documents income shifting materially increasing with e-commerce activities that lower transaction costs.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: H26; L81; F38; M48.
How Board Monitoring and Mandated Clawbacks Shape Managers’ Use of Discretion: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Hales Jeffrey , Koka Balaji , Venkataraman Shankar 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We use an experimental setting to examine how an internal governance mechanism—board monitoring—moderates managers’ use of discretion in response to a regulatory governance mechanism—mandated clawbacks. Our study addresses a significant gap in the literature that has largely examined the effects of different governance mechanisms in isolation. We predict and find that mandated clawbacks increase managers’ tendency to use operational discretion (relative to accounting discretion) when board monitoring is weak, but not when board monitoring is strong. Our results have important policy implications by demonstrating that a firm’s internal environment may be more effective than rules in curtailing manager’s opportunistic use of discretion.
Language education as one of the leading factors in successful adaptation of foreign students
Authors: Антонова З.В. , Сатиш К.Д. 
Published: May 2024

В статье рассматриваются вопросы адаптации иностранных студентов к новой социокультурной и образовательной среде и роли языкового образования в этом процессе. Экспорт образовательных услуг становится одним из показателей качества национальной системы образования любой страны. Обучение иностранных граждан представляет собой сложную систему, включающую организационную работу, нормативно-правовые аспекты, материально-техническую базу и т. д. Одним из немаловажных факторов, влияющих на подготовку высококвалифицированных специалистов из числа иностранных студентов, является их успешная адаптация к новым условиям образовательной и социальной среды принимающей культуры. Хотя обучение иностранных студентов в России имеет давние традиции и накоплен определенный опыт в данной области, проблема адаптации иностранных студентов не потеряла своей актуальности, а практика зарубежных вузов позволяет по-новому взглянуть на многие вопросы. Именно поэтому данное исследование ставит своей целью сравнение опыта адаптации иностранных студентов в российских вузах и в индонезийском университете и разработку рекомендации по организации курса «Иностранный язык» в смешанных интернациональных группах. Компоненты адаптации включают укрепление доверия, коммуникацию, культурную адаптацию и сотрудничество.
The article discusses the process of foreign students’ adaptation to a new sociocultural and educational environment and the role of language education in this process. Export of educational services is becoming one of the indicators of national education system quality of any country. Training foreign students is a complex system which includes organizational efforts, legal aspects, financial and technical resources, etc. One of the important factors of that process is foreign students’ successful adaptation to the new conditions of the educational and social environment of the host culture. Although training foreign students in Russia has a long tradition, and some experience has already been accumulated, the problem of adaptation is still relevant, and the practice of foreign universities allows taking a fresh look at many issues. That is why this study aims to compare the adaptation experience of foreign students in Russian universities and at an Indonesian university to develop recommendations for the “Foreign Language” course in mixed international groups. Adaptation components include building trust, establishing communication, cultural adaptation, and collaboration.
INTEGRASI TEKNOLOGI UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI RELASI FISIKA DAN SENI MUSIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA
Authors: Rahmat Anggi Datiatur , Kuswanto Heru , Wilujeng Insih 
Published: May 2024

Banyak peserta didik yang menganggap bahwa fisika sebagai bagian dari ilmu pengetahuan alam (IPA) merupakan pembelajaran yang membosankan dan sulit dipahami. Anggapan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan memperkenalkan hubungan antara fisika dan seni musik sehingga peserta didik tertarik untuk belajar fisika. Integrasi teknologi dalam mengenalkan relasi fisika dan seni musik dapat memberikan dampak positif pada hasil belajar. Software yang digunakan pada studi ini yaitu Audacity. Hal tersebut menjadi sesuatu yang baru dan berpotensi untuk diterapkan pada kurikulum yang berlaku saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan konsep fisika yang memiliki keterkaitan dengan seni musik. Hasil studi ini dapat diterapkan untuk pada peserta didik sekolah menengah pertama (SMP) yakni memvisualisasikan gelombang bunyi dan merasa senang ketika proses pembelajaran.
Cracking the Code to Anticipating Post-Sdgs 2030: Islamic Finance Perspective
Authors: Yusuf Ayus Ahmad , Maryam Asmiyati Khusnul 
Published: May 2024

Background: Islamic finance’s focus on social inclusion and development makes it ideal for achieving the 2030 agenda. The purpose of this study is to explore how Islamic finance, specifically Sukuk (Islamic Bond), anticipates post-SDGs 2030 in its own way. The systematic literature review is employed in this study to discover, assess, and analyze every relevant piece of research that has been published yet in order to provide answers to the research questions. We selected articles from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases that met standard eligibility criteria. To analyze the data, researchers used Covidence as a tool to accelerate this systematic review. Our analysis revealed that, to anticipate post-SDGs, Sukuk as one of the Islamic finance products contributes to increased economic and business activity that has an impact on climate change, reducing extreme poverty and inequality. In addition, Islamic finance is also capable of ensuring financial and social stability as well as promoting better and equal human development. The Shariah principles inherent in it have an important contribution to sustainable and equitable development. Thus, development is expected to be more inclusive and sustainable like SDGs’ ambition of “no one left behind”. Objective: To explore how Islamic finance, specifically Sukuk, anticipates post-SDGs 2030 in its own way. Method: This research uses qualitative methods. The systematic literature review is employed in this study to discover, assess, and analyze every relevant piece of research that has been published yet in order to provide answers to the research questions. Results and Discussion: The results revealed that, to anticipate post-SDGs, Sukuk as one of the Islamic finance products contributes to increased economic and business activity that has an impact on climate change, reducing extreme poverty and inequality. Research Implications: The implication of this research is as follows: Islamic finance is capable of ensuring financial and social stability as well as promoting better and equal human development. The Shariah principles inherent in it make an important contribution to sustainable and equitable development. Thus, development is expected to be more inclusive and sustainable, in line with the SDGs’.