bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass spectrometry of atmospheric aerosols—Recent developments and applications. Part II: On‐line mass spectrometry techniques
Authors: Pratt Kerri A. , Prather Kimberly A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMany of the significant advances in our understanding of atmospheric particles can be attributed to the application of mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry provides high sensitivity with fast response time to probe chemically complex particles. This review focuses on recent developments and applications in the field of mass spectrometry of atmospheric aerosols. In Part II of this two‐part review, we concentrate on real‐time mass spectrometry techniques, which provide high time resolution for insight into brief events and diurnal changes while eliminating the potential artifacts acquired during long‐term filter sampling. In particular, real‐time mass spectrometry has been shown recently to provide the ability to probe the chemical composition of ambient individual particles <30 nm in diameter to further our understanding of how particles are formed through nucleation in the atmosphere. Further, transportable real‐time mass spectrometry techniques are now used frequently on ground‐, ship‐, and aircraft‐based studies around the globe to further our understanding of the spatial distribution of atmospheric aerosols. In addition, coupling aerosol mass spectrometry techniques with other measurements in series has allowed the in situ determination of chemically resolved particle effective density, refractive index, volatility, and cloud activation properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 31:17–48, 2012
1H and 13C NMR characteristics of β‐blockers
Authors: Zielińska‐Pisklak Monika Agnieszka , Pisklak Dariusz Maciej , Wawer Iwona 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe β‐blockers are important drugs and decades of clinical experience proved their high medical status. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no complete assignment of 1H and 13C NMR resonances of popular representatives: acebutolol, alpenolol, pindolol, timolol and propranolol and the published NMR data on carvedilol and atenolol are incorrect. Therefore, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy was applied for the characterization of a series of β‐adrenolytics: carvedilol (1), pindolol (2), alprenolol (3), acebutolol (4), atenolol (5), propranolol (6) and timolol (7). Two‐dimensional NMR experiments (COSY, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY) allowed the unequivocal assignment of 1H and 13C spectra for solution (DMSO‐d6). Salts and bases can be easily distinguished based on 13C chemical shifts which are within 65.0–65.5 ppm (OC2) and 46.9–47.0 (NC3) for hydrochlorides and larger, ca. 68.4 ppm (OC2) and 50.3–52.6 (NC3) for bases. NMR data of 1–7 should be included in pharmacopoeias. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective 1D HCH experiment: a fast NMR tool that connect protons belonging to different spin systems
Authors: Gil Sergi , Espinosa Juan Félix , Parella Teodor 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA selective 1D version of the HCH experiment (selHCH) is proposed for the efficient and fast correlation between protons belonging to different spin systems. The experiment consists of two consecutive, doubly selective heteronuclear J(CH) transfer steps that can individually be optimized. As any conventional proton‐selective 1D experiment, the successful application of a frequency‐selective 180° pulse on a well‐isolated proton is the only practical requirement. The resulting clean selHCH spectrum probes to be an excellent complement to the conventional selTOCSY experiment to trace out proton–proton J connectivities through transparent non‐protonated carbons or heteroatom centers. Several selHCH examples on small molecules are provided showing the improvements with respect to the selTOCSY experiment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation, proliferation, cytogenetic, and molecular characterization and in vitro differentiation potency of canine stem cells from foetal adnexa: A comparative study of amniotic fluid, amnion, and umbilical cord matrix
Authors: Filioli Uranio M. , Valentini L. , Lange‐Consiglio A. , Caira M. , Guaricci A. C. , L'Abbate A. , Catacchio C. R. , Ventura M. , Cremonesi F. , Dell'Aquila M. E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe possibility to isolate canine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from foetal adnexa is interesting since several canine genetic disorders are reported to resemble similar dysfunctions in humans. In this study, we successfully isolated, cytogenetically and molecularly characterized, and followed the differentiation potency of canine MSCs from foetal adnexa, such as amniotic fluid (AF), amniotic membrane (AM), and umbilical cord matrix (UCM). In the three types of cell lines, the morphology of proliferating cells typically appeared fibroblast‐like, and the population doubling time (DT) significantly increased with passage number. For AF‐ and AM‐MSCs, cell viability did not change with passages. In UCM‐MSCs, cell viability remained at approximately constant levels up to P6 and significantly decreased from P7 (P < 0.05). Amnion and UCM‐MSCs expressed embryonic and MSC markers, such as Oct‐4 CD44, CD184, and CD29, whereas AF‐MSCs expressed Oct‐4, CD44. Expression of the hematopoietic markers CD34 and CD45 was not found. Dog leucocyte antigens (DLA‐DRA1 and DLA‐79) were expressed only in AF‐MSCs at P1. Isolated cells of the three cell lines at P3 showed multipotent capacity, and differentiated in vitro into neurocyte, adipocyte, osteocyte, and chondrocyte, as demonstrated by specific stains and expression of molecular markers. Cells at P4 showed normal chromosomal number, structure, and telomerase activity. These results demonstrate that, in dog, MSCs can be successfully isolated from foetal adnexa and grown in vitro. Their proven stemness and chromosomal stability indicated that MSCs could be used as a model to study stem cell biology and have an application in therapeutic programs. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:361–373, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of donation button design on aid agency transactional trust
Authors: Burt Chris David , Gibbons Sophie 
Published: March 2011

The effects of web page donation link (donation button) design on aid agency transactional trust was examined in a survey and in two experiments. Experiment 1 compared three donation button designs, which were developed on the basis of study 1, which was a survey of 559 charity websites, and found no significant effects on rated transactional trust. Experiment 2 attempted to manipulate transactional uncertainty through donation button design by incorporating crisis/need and aid agency response photographs. These button design manipulations significantly increased rated transactional trust. In both experiments, transactional trust ratings were significantly correlated with donation compliance ratings. These results suggest that transactional trust can be enhanced through the considered design of the donation button, and increasing transactional trust in this manner may result in more online donations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel THTPBA/PEG‐derived highly branched polyurethane scaffolds with improved mechanical property and biocompatibility
Authors: Luo Yan‐Ling , Zhang Chang‐Hu , Xu Feng , Chen Ya‐Shao 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHighly branched polyurethane (PU) scaffolds that match mechanical properties are the preferred tissue engineering materials, which is composed of a multi‐hydroxyl‐terminated poly(butadiene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (THTPBA) prepolymer and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) via 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate as anchor molecule. This combination is anticipated to influence or alter hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity, degradation and haemocompatibility of the PEG‐derived PUs. Hence, the surface properties, degradability, mechanical and biomedical properties of the PUs were scrutinized and assessed by FTIR, contact angles, gravimetry, stress‐strain measurement and haemolysis, platelet adhesion as well as methyl tretrazolium (MTT) assays. The experimental results indicated that the incorporation of THTPBA can mediate the degradation rate, which took place at the urethane or ester bonds in polymer chains. The haemolytic activity, platelet activation, and MTT investigations elicited that the component ratios of THTPBA to PEG had important influence on biomedical properties, including in vitro blood compatibility, cytotoxicity, and cell cycle or apoptosis of the PU scaffolds. The tensile stress‐strain investigations showed that the highly branched architecture offered high elastic modulus and mechanical strength. The novel PU scaffolds with highly branched architecture exhibited improved mechanical properties and biocompatibility as well as low toxicity by regulating proper component ratios, and are expected to be employed in tissue engineering, or as potential candidates for other blood‐contacting applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and properties of composites compression‐molded from silk fibroin powder and waterborne polyurethane
Authors: Tao Yongzhen , Xu Weilin , Yan Yun , Wu Haiyan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe degummed silk filament was pulverized with a home‐made machine to obtain the silk fibroin (SF) powder with the diameter of around 3 µm. The resulting SF powder was blended with waterborne polyurethane (WPU) aqueous dispersion, and then was dried and compression‐molded to prepare novel blended materials with improved miscibility and mechanical properties. WPU acted as a plasticizer and one of the components for the blends during the compression‐molded process. The structure, morphology, and properties of the blended films were investigated. The results indicated that β‐sheet of SF existed in the blended films. The SEM images showed that the cross‐section of the blended films exhibited an overall homogeneous morphology. Furthermore, the transmission electron microscope observation exhibited that some sphere‐like SF particles were well dispersed in the WPU matrix. The hydrogen bond interaction between SF and WPU in the blended films led to an increase of the glass transition temperature for the soft segment of WPU in the blended films. The blended films showed an improved Young's modulus and tensile strength from 1.2 to 288.9 MPa and 0.3 to 16.5 MPa, respectively, with the increasing of SF up to a content of 70 wt%. The hydrogen‐bonding interactions existing in SF and WPU and compression molding method played the important role in improving the miscibility and mechanical properties of the blended films. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoinitiating behavior of benzophenone derivatives covalently bonded tertiary amine group for UV‐curing acrylate systems
Authors: Cheng Liangliang , Zhang Yong , Shi Wenfang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA series of benzophenone derivatives (N‐BPs) containing tertiary amine group used as hydrogen abstraction‐type (type II) photoinitiators were synthesized through the addition reaction of secondary amines with 4‐(2,3‐epoxypropyloxy) benzophenone. The chemical structures were characterized with 1H NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and UV spectrum measurements. The N‐BPs showed the higher absorption in 300–400 nm than benzophenone (BP). The photoinitiating activity was examined based on the photopolymerization of 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate using photo‐DSC method. The results showed that the photoinitiating efficiency was negatively affected by the molecular structure of alkyl group connected to the tertiary amine with the order of isopropyl (N‐BPI) < methyl (N‐BPM) < ethyl (N‐BPE) < propyl (N‐BPP). Moreover, the diethanolamine‐modified benzophenone derivative (N‐BPOH) had the highest‐photoinitiating efficiency for free radical polymerization systems among the N‐BPs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Congenital and acquired neutropenia consensus guidelines on diagnosis from the Neutropenia Committee of the Marrow Failure Syndrome Group of the AIEOP (Associazione Italiana Emato‐Oncologia Pediatrica)
Authors: Fioredda Francesca , Calvillo Michaela , Bonanomi Sonia , Coliva Tiziana , Tucci Fabio , Farruggia Piero , Pillon Marta , Martire Baldassarre , Ghilardi Roberta , Ramenghi Ugo , Renga Daniela , Menna Giuseppe , Barone Angelica , Lanciotti Marina , Dufour Carlo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCongenital and acquired neutropenia are rare disorders whose frequency in pediatric age may be underestimated due to remarkable differences in definition or misdiagnosed because of the lack of common practice guidelines. Neutropenia Committee of the Marrow Failure Syndrome Group (MFSG) of the AIEOP (Associazione Italiana Emato‐Oncologia Pediatrica) elaborated this document following design and methodology formerly approved by the AIEOP board. The panel of experts reviewed the literature on the topic and participated in a conference producing a document which includes a classification of neutropenia and a comprehensive guideline on diagnosis of neutropenia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;57:10–17. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uncovering recurrent microdeletion syndromes and subtelomeric deletions/duplications through non‐selective application of a MLPA‐based extended prenatal panel in routine prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Konialis Christopher , Hagnefelt Birgitta , Sevastidou Sophia , Karapanou Sophia , Pispili Katerina , Markaki Aggeliki , Pangalos Constantinos 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo present the application of multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA)‐based screening approach in 1550 typical prenatal cases, for the simultaneous targeted detection of 23 recurrent microdeletion syndromes as well as subtelomeric copy number assessment for all chromosomes and discuss the implications in routine prenatal chromosomal diagnosis (PCD).MethodsFollowing amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, samples were processed for routine karyotype analysis while DNA was extracted in parallel for MLPA analysis. When necessary, parental samples were analyzed to determine the inheritance of the detected aberrations.ResultsThis panel has been applied since 2006 in 1550 prenatal samples, referred for routine karyotype analysis, with (16.1%) or without (77.7%) ultrasound (US) findings. We identified eight fetuses with pathological genomic abnormalities (approximately 1 in 193), five of which had as sole indication advanced maternal age (1 in 240). In two cases an abnormality was suspected from karyotype analysis, while the remaining six cases would have otherwise remained totally undetected.ConclusionsOur data represent the largest published series involving this type of genomic analysis in routine prenatal diagnosis, without indication bias. The panel increases significantly the diagnostic yield of conventional PCD and does not pose interpretation problems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spontaneous reports of assumed herbal hepatotoxicity by black cohosh: is the liver‐unspecific Naranjo scale precise enough to ascertain causality?
Authors: Teschke Rolf , Schmidt‐Taenzer Wolfgang , Wolff Albrecht 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeCausality assessment of cases with herbal hepatotoxicity represents a major regulatory challenge and included, in the past, the application of a diagnostic algorithm consisting of causality evaluation methods with either liver‐specific or liver‐unspecific characteristics. To evaluate various causality assessing methods in cases with suspected herbal hepatotoxicity, two different scales were now used for reasons of comparison.MethodsWe used the liver‐specific scale of the updated Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) as well as the Naranjo scale that is not organ specific and therefore not liver specific. Both scales were applied to 22 cases of spontaneous reports with initially assumed herbal hepatotoxicity caused by black cohosh, used for menopausal symptoms.ResultsThe analysis shows that causality was either unlikely (n = 6) or excluded (n = 16), using the updated CIOMS scale. There were various confounding variables: pre‐existing liver diseases (n = 6) including genuine autoimmune hepatitis or alcoholic or cardiac hepatopathy; hepatotoxicity induced by interferon or fluoxetine (n = 2); marginally increased serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (n = 2) or gamma‐glutamyltranspeptidase (n = 2) of unassessable causality; a mixed group consisting of unassessable cases (n = 6) and cases with questionable, poorly documented hepato‐biliary diseases (n = 3); and rosuvastin‐induced rhabdomyolysis (n = 1). These confounding factors were not recognized by the Naranjo scale.ConclusionsStructured hepatotoxicity‐specific causality assessment methods such as the updated CIOMS scale are the preferred tools for causality assessment of assumed herbal hepatotoxicity and should replace the liver‐unspecific Naranjo scale. Applying the updated CIOMS scale to cases with initially assumed hepatotoxicity by BC, causality was now found either unlikely or excluded. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical characteristics of patients with drug hypersensitivity in Norway: a single‐centre study
Authors: Chalabianloo Fatemeh , Berstad Aud , Schjøtt Jan , Riedel Bettina , Irgens Ågot , Florvaag Erik 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTBackgroundDrug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) represent an important public health problem. Knowledge of their clinical characteristics will provide improved diagnostic approaches to this topic.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with suspected DHRs.MethodsThe medical records of 206 outpatients with suspected DHRs, who consulted a Norwegian allergy centre from January 2005 to December 2009, were investigated in a retrospective study.ResultsMean age (range) was 44.3 (11–84) years, and 72% of the patients were women. The most common underlying diseases justifying the use of drugs were infections (49%) and pain‐related diseases (23%). Antibiotics (53%), non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (32%), paracetamol (15%) and other drugs (46%), used as monotherapy or combinations, were the most often suspected drugs. Cutaneous symptoms were the most frequently reported symptoms (83%). Hospitalisation or prolonged hospitalisation was needed in 38% of the cases, and anaphylaxis was reported in 28% of all the patients. Skin prick tests were performed in 185 patients, of which 14 patients had positive test results. Drug provocation tests (DPTs) were performed in only 86 patients, six of which had positive reactions. DHRs were confirmed in 24 and rejected in 81 patients. Unsettled cases (39%) were mainly due to not performing DPTs.ConclusionsSuspected DHRs occur predominantly in women. The most common manifestations are cutaneous symptoms, but life‐threatening reactions justifying hospitalisation may occur. Antibiotics and NSAIDs are the two drug families most frequently suspected. DPTs need to be included in diagnostic protocols in order to evaluate suspected DHRs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety profile of oseltamivir during the 2009 influenza pandemic
Authors: Donner Barbara , Bader‐Weder Silvia , Schwarz Roman , Peng Michael M. , Smith James Robert , Niranjan Viswanathan 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study evaluated the safety of oseltamivir during the 2009 influenza pandemic.MethodsCase reports were obtained from the Roche safety database. The incidence of adverse events (AEs) during the pandemic (1 May 2009 to 31 December 2009) was compared with that beforehand (during previous influenza seasons) for USA and Japan only, as exposure data in other countries were collected inconsistently. Events with significantly higher reporting during the pandemic (lower bound of 95%CI for crude rate ratio >1) were analyzed further.ResultsGlobal exposure in the pandemic and prepandemic periods was 18.3 and 64.7 million patients, respectively. In USA and Japan, exposure was 15.5 (1382 cases, 2225 events) and 62.0 million (8387 cases, 12 749 events), respectively. AEs with significantly higher reporting during the pandemic were generally consistent with influenza and its complications and/or with the circulation of a novel virus strain. As might be expected in a pandemic, mortality increased (crude rate ratio, 2.83; 95%CI, 2.23–3.59) versus the prepandemic period. Medical review of serious AEs (fatal or non‐fatal outcome) found that most were consistent with pre‐existing risk factors, underlying disease, and/or progression of influenza or its complications. Analysis of the remainder did not suggest a causal link with oseltamivir. A review of AEs in previously underexposed subpopulations did not support an association with oseltamivir.ConclusionsDuring the first 8 months of the 2009 influenza pandemic, AEs reported in patients exposed to oseltamivir were consistent with the drug's labeled safety profile, underlying medical conditions, or infection with the pandemic virus. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of high‐temperature exposure of photovoltaic modules
Authors: Kurtz Sarah , Whitfield Kent , TamizhMani G. , Koehl Michael , Miller David , Joyce James , Wohlgemuth John , Bosco Nick , Kempe Michael , Zgonena Timothy 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTPhotovoltaic (PV) modules operate at temperatures above ambient owing to the thermal energy of sunlight. The operating temperature primarily depends on the ambient temperature, incident sunlight, mounting configuration, packaging configuration, and wind speed. In this paper, the cumulative thermal degradation is modeled to follow Arrhenius behavior. The data are analyzed to determine the constant temperature that would give average aging equivalent to the variable temperatures observed in the field. These equivalent temperatures are calculated for various locations using six configurations, providing a technical basis for defining accelerated thermal‐endurance and ‐degradation testing. This data may also be useful as a starting point for studies of the combined effects of elevated temperature and other factors such as UV, moisture, and mechanical stress. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunodepletion of albumin and immunoglobulin G from bovine plasma
Authors: Faulkner Simon , Elia Giuliano , Hillard Mark , O'Boyle Padraic , Dunn Michael , Morris Dermot 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCurrent MS‐based proteomics has facilitated the identification of large numbers of proteins from complex mixtures. The bovine plasma proteome has the potential to provide a wealth of information concerning the biological state of an animal. However, during MS‐based experiments, higher abundance proteins such as albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) can hinder the identification of potentially important proteins that are present in much lower abundance. While a variety of readily available technologies exist for the depletion of multiple high‐abundance proteins from human, mouse and rat samples, there are few available for bovine. In this study, we report the depletion of >97% of albumin and >92% of IgG from bovine plasma.