bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análisis de los sitios de unión de la ivermectina en la estructura de importinas α humanas
Authors: Gayozo Elvio , Rojas Aguadé Laura , Barrios Leiva Julio 
Published: May 2024

Resumen: La ivermectina ha demostrado importantes actividades antivirales in vitro contra numerosos virus de ARN, inclusive contra el virus del SARS-CoV-2. Se ha descrito que la ivermectina inhibe la actividad del heterodímero importina α/β1, sin embargo, se desconoce los sitios específicos blancos de interacción de la molécula.
Objetivos: En este estudio se llevó a cabo el análisis in silico de los sitios de unión de la molécula de ivermectina en interacción con la estructura de la importina α humana, utilizando la estrategia del acoplamiento molecular.
Métodos: Se realizaron simulaciones del acoplamiento utilizando un modelo semiflexible y el algoritmo Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno entre las estructuras de ivermectina y la importina α.
Resultados: Los datos obtenidos revelan una mayor afinidad de interacción de la ivermectina en los dominios ARM2-ARM4 (sitio mayor de unión) de las importinas α humanas, con energías de unión favorables de -9,5 a -8,0 kcal.mol-1. Los residuos activos de mayor importancia en las interacciones fueron los residuos Triptófano, Asparagina y Arginina, los cuales también son fundamentales para el reconocimiento de secuencias NLS (secuencias de localización nuclear) de las proteínas virales. También se registró afinidades por los dominios H1-ARM5, H2-ARM6 y H2-ARM7, con energía de unión de -7,5 kcal.mol-1.
Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio evidencian que la molécula de ivermectina presenta afinidades de unión favorables al sitio mayor de unión (ARM2-ARM4) de las importinas α humanas la cual es una región importante de unión a proteínas virales.
Small Victories on the Way to Freedom, 1934–1945
Authors: Miletsky Zebulon Vance 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter re-centers black political activism during the 1930s and 1940s on economic justice and the dire needs of the African American working class. As the city and nation slipped more deeply into the Great Depression, abstract ideological debates gave way to bread and butter issues. Employment and economic opportunity, as well as housing, moved to the forefront of struggles for racial justice. New alliances between organized labor, radical movements and the black working class emerged. At the heart of these economic efforts was Boston’s “Don’t Buy Where You Can’t Work” campaign. The campaign in Boston was led by the League of Struggle for Negro Rights. The long-standing role that white radicals have played as allies in local black freedom movements, as well as the possibilities, but also the significant challenges, associated with class-based inter-racial organizing discussed. Finally, while the economic protest campaigns of the 1930s and 1940s did achieve modest success in opening up some new opportunities for African American clerks, delivery drivers, bank tellers and even a few store managers, the scale and pace of change was nowhere near the level of need in the community, raising important questions about the effectiveness of this approach to racial change.
Detention Empire
Authors: Shull Kristina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The early 1980s marked a critical turning point for the rise of modern mass incarceration in the United States. The Mariel Cuban migration of 1980, alongside increasing arrivals of Haitian and Central American asylum-seekers, galvanized new modes of covert warfare in the Reagan administration's globalized War on Drugs. Using newly available government documents, Shull demonstrates how migrant detention operates as a form of counterinsurgency at the intersections of US war-making and domestic carceral trends. As the Reagan administration developed retaliatory enforcement measures to target a racialized specter of mass migration, it laid the foundations of new forms of carceral and imperial expansion. Reagan's war on immigrants also sowed seeds of mass resistance. Drawing on critical refugee studies, community archives, protest artifacts, and oral histories, Detention Empire also shows how migrants resisted state repression at every turn. People in detention and allies on the outside—including legal advocates, Jesse Jackson's Rainbow Coalition, and the Central American peace and Sanctuary movements—organized hunger strikes, caravans, and prison uprisings to counter the silencing effects of incarceration and speak truth to US empire. As the United States remains committed to shoring up its borders in an era of unprecedented migration and climate crisis, reckoning with these histories takes on new urgency.
Constructing the Carceral Palimpsest
Authors: Shull Kristina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter uses the concept of a “carceral palimpsest” to chronicle episodes of immigration enforcement and detention throughout US history until 1980 and in relation to war, settler colonialism, and the rise of mass incarceration. Episodes discussed include Chinese exclusion, convict leasing, Japanese incarcerations during WWII, and the Bracero Program, and how these informed immigration detention law and practice. In the Cold War era, the United States adopted counterinsurgency military tactics that shaped interventions abroad and US policing at home. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the development of international refugee law and experiences of Vietnamese refugees and Haitian asylum-seekers in the 1970s that set the stage for new political contestations over refugee rights in the 1980s.
The Women’s Organization of Iran
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In 1970 as secretary general of the Women’s Organization of Iran (WOI), the author launched her mission – to find out about the diverse lives of Iranian women and to hear these women’s concerns and aspirations. She met with Farrokhroo Parsa, Minister of Education and first woman appointed to Iran’s cabinet, and whose mother was a leading member of the women’s movement in Iran in the 1920s and 1930s. With Mrs. Parsa, they revised school textbooks to reflect a more equitable image of women and passed a new regulation allowing female teachers and students not to wear the chador. The author also worked with Senator Mehrangiz Manouchehrian on changing the law that required a husband’s permission to issue a passport to a married woman. This public advocacy brought a strong backlash from conservative groups—especially the clerics. The author travelled to towns and villages around Iran to find out what changes would be most useful to the women themselves, and their priorities, challenges, and needs. This resulted in the WOI establishing women’s centers around the country. She also travelled internationally, to the USSR, China, India, and other countries, to gain insights about women in those countries.
Stars & Shields
Authors: Behnken Brian D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 uncovers the history of Mexican American law enforcement officers. Many people might assume that Mexican Americans did not serve in law enforcement until police agencies began to actively recruit them in the mid twentieth century. This chapter demonstrates otherwise, showcasing some important moments in the Southwest's policing history, especially the service of those Mexican American officers who saw their work as a type of early civil rights effort. A good number of Mexican Americans served as police officers, constables, marshals, sheriffs, and in other jobs in the criminal justice system. While many did their duty admirably, a number of Mexican American lawmen were not effective officers. A good number of law enforcement officials also were bandits or desperados earlier in life, only transitioning to policing after having engaged in criminal acts.
The Pendulum of Change
Authors: Behnken Brian D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The final chapter analyzes the transformation of southwestern policing in the early twentieth century. From 1900 to the 1930s, law enforcement underwent important evolutions, especially police professionalization. Mexican Americans were often at the forefront of these professionalization efforts. Yet they continued to experience violence and abuse at the hands of law enforcement and lynch mobs. The oscillatory history of this period, shifting between progress and regress, represents the end of the Southwest's early policing history and the establishment of revised, professional police forces in the mid twentieth century.
Introduction
Authors: Wigginton Caroline 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The introduction begins Indigenuity’s story of the enduring, widespread, and active presence of Native craft in American literary history and archives. As Native artistry and authorship have continued as living and adaptive practices so too has American literary history’s orientation to those practices. The introduction does so through a pairing of objects: a poem by Ojibwe author Jane Johnston Schoolcraft and a basket created by an unknown Odawa woman. Both are literature, and both are craftwork. Each braid scriptive and physical components to express beauty, memory, and meaning. Each is the handiwork of a nineteenth-century Anishinaabe creator living on the waters of the Great Lakes, immersed in a network of relationships between peoples, objects, and places. Both objects reside now, just as they did then, in settler colonial collections, continuing to structure relationships, including with non-Native literatures and material craft. Together, they emblematize the enduring orientation of American literatures to Native ways of making and being on Indigenous lands. It is that enduring orientation that Indigenuity seeks to discern.
Decoration
Authors: Wigginton Caroline 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
“Decoration” concludes Indigenuity with the Ho-Chunk artist Angel de Cora, who taught and mentored a transnational cohort of students at Carlisle Indian Industrial School in the early 1900s. Under her guidance, the students learned about Indigenous craft practices, making items for sale and printing a monthly magazine and other publications that showcased their art and learnings. This chapter, therefore, culminates with one Indigenous artist’s explicit interventions at the intersection of Native craft, art, and bookmaking.
Connections
Authors: Mims La Shonda 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates that white lesbians built their bar communities on the necessity of disposable income, urban spatial access, and safe movement in city spaces. Black women did not enjoy these privileges and often socialized separately. Although queer bars sometimes served as sites of activism most women in Atlanta and Charlotte stopped at the bar seeking comfort and anonymity in a chosen queer community. Spaces outside of bars, like softball fields, offered additional queer community. Newspapers and bar guides helped queer women locate each other.
Extractivism Assembled (1494–1650s)
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The chapter documents how extractivism was assembled during the Spanish conquest of Americas. Extractivism is analyzed as an assemblage that brought together: cornucopian and providentialist ideologies about nature in the New World; new forms of state property in nature; and a set of laws and administrative practices that sought a constant increase in the extraction of commodified nature. The chapter underscores the place of scarcity and crisis in the evolution of this regime and follows it across key chapters of the first century and a half of Spanish Habsburg colonization: the invasion of the Indigenous gold fields of Española, the expansion of the Spanish frontier across the gold and silver districts of the mainland; the mass compulsion of indigenous labor; and the development of the global bullion trade.
The Temporal, Sublime
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The chapter traces the formation of the gold and silver deposit at Cerro de San Pedro, from its earliest origins to the historical present. This geological history clarifies the structure and varying geochemical composition of the deposit. These are important considerations because they would determine what set of mining and smelting techniques would be required to extract gold and silver from different parts of the deposit. By reviewing these, the chapter prefigures how the geology of the Cerro de San Pedro shaped the history of its excavation.
Mining in the Land of War
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The chapter describes the advance of the Spanish frontier into the homelands of the Zacateco, Guichichil, and Chichimecan indigenous peoples in the late sixteenth century. This frontier expansion was driven by mining, which served both its motive and support. The chapter narrates key aspects, episodes, and figures of the Spanish-Chichimecan war and underscores the importance of diplomatic negotiation and tactical gifting in enabling the Spanish advance. This was the background to the Spanish incursion into the valley of Tangamanga, a Guichichil homeland but also, on its eastern edge, the site of the first mining strike at Cerro de San Pedro.
The Bonanza
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The chapter treats the first mining boom at Cerro de San Pedro, from its explosive beginnings to its crest in the 1630s. It documents the rapid development of an extractive complex and its organization across a sequence of steps from the mine-face to the rendering of gold and silver bars from the ore. Comparison is made between the numerous small-scale cottage mining and smelting operations, on the one hand, and the large-scale mines and haciendas of the district, on the other. This focuses attention on the role of capital in increasing the scale and processing speed of extractive complex, both determinant factors in its impacts on human bodies and local environments.
The First Death of Cerro de San Pedro
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter concludes the first cycle of Spanish mining at Cerro de San Pedro. It examines the abatement of mining activity that began in the 1640s and would extend well into the nineteenth century. Although commonly thought to be caused by the depletion of silver and gold, the downturn in the mining cycle was driven by the response of capitalist actors to shifts in the chemical composition of ores given available technologies and inputs. The bust was caused by the retreat of large-scale mine- and hacienda-owners because they could no longer profitably extract precious metals from the ores that remained. The chapter documents these shifts, the persistence of small-scale mining, and the subsidence of the environmental harms produced by the extractivist mode of mining at Cerro de San Pedro.
The Industrial Bonanza
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The chapter treats the industrialization of mining at the Cerro de San Pedro and in the smelting operations in the valley of San Luis Potosi beginning in 1890. The new technologies and processes of ore extraction, transport, and processing are described. Emphasis is placed on the intensification of mining's social metabolism made possible by new capital flows, the shift to fossil fuels, and new influx of workers in the mines and smelters. This last produced a cycle of rapid urbanization in both Cerro de San Pedro and the barrios surrounding the Morales plant, which is here described to provide context for subsequent discussions of environmental health and justice amongst workers and their families.
The Last Mine
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This short chapter provides a description of the material organization and scales of the open-pit heap-leach operation that the Canadian mining company Metallica Resources established at the Cerro de San Pedro. This operation would excavate the bulk of the porphyry deposit in totum and then process it with open-air cyanide amalgamation on a leach pad. By giving an account of the organization and the scales of the operation, the chapter enables a comparison with previous cycles of mining and thereby underscore its much shorter duration, lower work-force, and higher demands on local waters.
The Great Sea Island Storm
Authors: Grego Caroline 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
On August 27th, 1893, Lowcountry residents awoke to a day that seemed like any other. They tended their gardens, chickens, hogs, and cows, had breakfast with their families, and went to church. On August 28th, many were dead, most found themselves suddenly impoverished, and those left faced a battered, flooded, stripped landscape that reflected the disorienting, uncertain future that now lay ahead. This chapter spans the sixteen hours during which the hurricane ravaged the Lowcountry. Drawing from diaries, newspaper articles, interviews, and letters, this chapter explores what the experience of surviving the hurricane, its high winds, and massive storm surge looked like for Lowcountry residents and how many African Americans drew on kinship ties and knowledge of the vernacular landscape to survive. This chapter also recognizes that many of the records available were recorded by whites, or for white audiences, despite the fact that the brunt of the storm fell upon Black shoulders and overwhelmingly claimed Black lives.
The Law or Popular Justice
Authors: Pearson Chad E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents an analysis of Owen Wister, the father of the western genre of fiction. Best known as the author of the best-selling book The Virginian (1902), Wister wrote numerous fiction and non-fiction books and articles denouncing labor unionism and celebrating the roles played by law-abiding citizens. The Virginian is loosely based on the Johnson County Wars of 1892, when members of the Wyoming Stockgrowers Association invaded Johnson County and killed two people for their supposed involvement in rustling. Following this attack, the wealthy men in the Stockgrowers Association faced a fierce backlash. The Virginian depicted these wealthy men in a positive light. Given Wister’s important public relations work, C. W. Post, a leader of the anti-union Citizens’ Industrial Association of America (CIAA), appointed the novelist to serve on the CIAA’s propaganda committee in 1907. This chapter explores how Wister helped members of ruling class legitimize their terrorist campaigns against ordinary people.
Accidental Kindness
Authors: Stein Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We will all be patients sooner or later. And when we go to the doctor, when we're hurting, we tend to think in terms of cause and condemnation. We often look for relief not only from physical symptoms but also from our self-blame. We want from our doctors kindness under any of its many names: empathy, caring, compassion, humanity. We look for safety and forgiveness. But we forget that doctors, too, are often in need of forgiveness—from their patients and from themselves. No doctor enters the medical profession expecting to be unkind or to make mistakes, but because of the complexity of our current medical system and because doctors are human, they often find themselves acting much less kindly than they would like to. Drawing on his work as a primary care physician and a behavioral scientist, Michael Stein artfully examines the often conflicting goals of patients and their doctors. In those differences, Stein recognizes that kindness should not be a patient's forbidden or unrealistic expectation. This book leaves us with new knowledge of and insights into what we might hope for, and what might go wrong, or right, in the most intimate clinical moments.
Chile (Wallmapu)
Authors: Lupien Pascal 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that Mapuche peoples in their traditional territories of Wallmapu have long faced challenges due to the repressive nature of the Chilean state, limiting the development of mobilizing structures such as CSOs. The rigid political opportunity structure and a (neo)liberal citizenship regime offer few options for Mapuche CSOs, pushing some activists toward disruptive or violent actions, while others focus on Mapuche nation-building. Despite these challenges, recent years have seen the emergence of dynamic CSOs using ICTs to promote Mapuche identity in more innovative ways than counterparts in other countries, leading to a cultural renaissance. However, militarization in Wallmapu complicates their efforts, and internal divisions persist among those supporting or opposing confrontational tactics. Nonetheless, recent events, such as growing demands for expanded social rights and a new constitution in Chile, may present a unique opportunity for Mapuche CSOs. The 2019 protests could enable alliances between CSOs engaging in "civic" participation and non-Indigenous sectors of Chilean civil society, potentially shifting political opportunities in favor of Mapuche civil society and allowing for multi-scalar positioning.
Never Idle
Authors: Purkiss Ava 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines Black women’s “active recreation” - leisure activities that require endurance, strength, and agility - during the Great Depression. It argues that active recreation provided Black women with a forum to express national belonging through leisure behaviors that exemplified American values of physical fitness, industriousness, and wholesomeness. The chapter shows how Black women considered active recreation a vehicle for Black citizenship and not merely frivolous physical activity.
Introduction
Authors: Johnson Diana K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The introduction to this book chronicles the key arguments and historiographical interventions of the text. The book begins with an analysis of the 1999 World Trade Organization protests and maps city business and political leader’s hopes for utilizing the meeting of the World Trade Organization to advance the city as a cutting-edge, future-oriented site of global economic development. Such goals obscured and attempted to marginalize the decades of work local coalition builders had been doing since the 1970s. Thus, Seattle in Coalition foregrounds the activism work of organizers from the city’s Black, Native American, Asian American and Chicanx communities against the forces of racism, imperialism globalization, and economic inequality.
Seattle Looking Outward
Authors: Johnson Diana K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter further chronicles the development of the United Construction Workers Association as the organization continued to intersect with numerous Seattle-based coalitions. In doing so, this portion of the book centers the labor-focused and cross-racial efforts of Black skilled trade workers in Seattle, Chicano farmworkers in the nearby Yakima Valley, and Asian American cannery workers in Alaska. This work explores their intersections and labor-focused facets of unity.
Conclusion
Authors: Johnson Diana K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The conclusion of this book examines continual manifestations of coalition building during the 1990s and early 2000s. In this way, this portion of the book centers numerous leaders and activists from earlier chapters as coalition builders responded to globalization, workers’ exploitation, and the 1999 meeting of the World Trade Organization in the city. Thus, the conclusion circles back to initial frameworks introduced in the introduction, emphasizing how Seattle coalition builders collided with elements of Seattle’s image and economic development for decades.