bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating steroid hormones in prostate carcinogenesis. Part 2: Estrogens
Authors: Fiet Jean , Giton Frank 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The aim of this review is to describe the associations between circulating plasma estrogens and prostate cancer (PCa). We recall the origins of estrogens, which derive from the aromatization of androgens, but also by sulfatase hydrolysis of estrone sulfate (E1-S), the main circulating plasma estrogen. We evoke that the carcinogenic effects of estrogens were demonstrated in the rat and murine prostate when estrogens and androgens were simultaneously administered to them. We also describe estrogen proliferative activity and the genotoxicity of estrogen-hydroxylated metabolites with the formation of DNA adducts. We report published aromatase and CYP1B1 polymorphisms found in men with PCa. We published a bibliography on the relation between PCa and prostate inflammation, as well as the possible role of obesity in the aggressiveness of PCa. In this review, we provide an exhaustive list of assays carried out in subjects at high risk for PCa compared with Caucasians, showing that higher estrogen levels were found in the plasma of these subjects at high risk for PCa. Plasma estrone was the estrogen for which plasma concentration was highest in subjects of African descent. We recall the links observed between plasma estrogens, particularly E1-S, and PCa aggressiveness. Finally, we describe assays for determining hydroxylated estrogens and DNA adducts in the urine of men with PCa. We insist on the importance of the technology employed in estrogen measurement and propose the use of mass spectrometry methods to carry out estrogen assays, in order to decrease variability in the results of plasma estrogen assays.
Altered levels of circulating GABAergic 5α/β-reduced pregnane and androstane steroids in schizophrenic men
Authors: Bicikova Marie , Hill Martin , Ripova Daniela , Mohr Pavel 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The role of GABAergic pathways in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is generally accepted. Therefore, the information concerning alterations of the steroid metabolome associated with the disease and/or its treatment is of interest with regard to the pathophysiology of the disease. Hence, we assessed 18 serum steroids and steroid polar conjugates in a group of drug-naive patients (13 adult men) and after 6-months therapy by atypical antipsychotics and age-matched controls (19 men) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the altered circulating GABAergic steroids in schizophrenic men as well as the effect of the therapy with two types of atypical antipsychotics. The GABAergic androsterone (3α5α) and etiocholanolone (3α5β) are reduced in schizophrenic men but the therapy with atypical antipsychotics reinstates their levels. This reinstatement could be of importance when considering that the GABAergic substances generally improve the well-being of patients. In addition to the unconjugated androsterone, being the most abundant GABAergic steroid in men, most of the other GABAergic steroids also tended to decrease in the patients. By contrast, the conjugated 5β-pregnanolone isomers were elevated in the patients. In conclusion, although schizophrenia status in adult men is associated with unfavorable alterations in neuroactive steroids, the treatment with antipsychotics could at least partly reinstate their circulating levels.
Effect of drospirenone on proliferation of human benign and cancerous epithelial breast cells
Authors: Seeger Harald , Ruan Xiangjan , Neubauer Hans , Mueck Alfred O. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background: Proliferation of human breast epithelial cells is regulated by sex hormones. Epidemiological studies indicate that progestogen addition to estrogen therapy can increase breast cancer risk. However, it remains unclear if all progestogens react in a similar manner. Here, the new progestogen drospirenone (DRSP) was compared to progesterone and other synthetic progestins.

Design and methods: Human benign epithelial breast cells (HMECs) were incubated for 7 days with DRSP, progesterone (P), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and levonorgestrel (LNG) in the presence of a growth factor mixture (GF). HCC1500 and T-47D cells (human estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive primary breast cancer cells) were also incubated with the progestogens, but in the presence of estradiol (E2). The proliferation rate was measured by the MTT assay.

Results: DRSP and P elicited a similar significant inhibition of proliferation of HMECs in combination with GFs. LNG and MPA had no effect. DRSP, P, MPA and LNG were able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of HCC1500 and T-47D cells in combination with E2. No significant difference between the progestogens was observed in HCC1500 cells, whereas in T-47D cells both DRSP and P were significantly more effective at 10 μM than LNG and MPA.

Conclusion: Because different results were found in the same experimental model, it appears that progestogens do not react similarly on the proliferation of human breast epithelial cells. However, for assessment of breast cancer risk different models should be used, because various mechanism(s) might be involved. It is also important to use benign as well as cancerous cell lines. The choice of progestogen could be of significance in terms of breast cancer risk under hormone therapy.
Axial Response of HDPE Pipes as a Result of Installation by Directional Drilling
Authors: Moore Ian D. , Brachman Richard W. I. , Cholewa John A. , Chehab Abdul G. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Axial stresses and strains develop in high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes during installation by directional drilling. This paper examines the engineering design implications regarding these axial stresses resulting from three recent studies. First, the cyclic axial response of the leading end of a HDPE pipe is measured for the cyclic pulling force history experienced as it is pulled into place. Pulling force history measured in the field is approximated and used to measure the response of pipe samples. The study includes evaluation of simple creep modeling to estimate the axial strains, demonstrating that these provide useful, conservative estimates of maximum axial strain. Second, the development of axial tension in the leading section of the HDPE pipe after connection to appurtenances is modeled in the laboratory. It is demonstrated that the conventional 24 h time period over which the pipe is left to recover in length after installation ensures that the axial tensions that redevelop are at low levels. A calculation procedure is introduced to determine the axial force distribution along the pipe during installation and over its service life. Pulling force modeling similar to that outlined in ASTM 1962-05 is extended to consider the effects of pipe and soil deformations, so that cyclic response during installation and axial stress history after installation are determined. The study demonstrates that values of from one quarter to one third of the maximum pulling force can be used to estimate the long term axial stress in the pipe over a 50 year service life (for assessment of potential for slow crack growth). Strain measurements in the laboratory simulation of pipe installation and strain calculations for computed response over the service life of the pipe are found to be estimated effectively using time-dependent creep (secant) modulus for the HDPE.
Training and Turnover with Equilibrium Unemployment
Authors: Carter Thomas J. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Government policies that promote on-the-job training have different effects when, due to unemployment, workers value job security. In this case, an increase in specific training leads to greater job security and lower wages. The wage result, although perhaps counterintuitive, is supported by, and helps explain, published empirical work. Even with lower wages, training policies may be Pareto-improving or may lower welfare, depending on the elasticity of demand for labor. Training mandates and subsidies to training, because of their differing impacts on job security, have different unemployment and welfare effects; mandates are preferred. If government policy can influence specific training and job security independently, training is never optimally encouraged. Policies that promote general training and policies that promote specific training can both raise employment, but in different ways. Specific training lowers the employment outflow; general training raises the employment inflow.
Gross Motor Ability of Native Greek, Roma, and Roma Immigrant School-Age Children in Greece
Authors: Tsimaras Vasilios , Arzoglou Despina , Fotiadou Eleni , Kokaridas Dimitrios , Kotzamanidou Marianna , Angelopoulou Nikoletta , Bassa Eleni 
Published: March 2011

Laboratory of Developmental Pediatrics and Special Education, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece The purpose of this study was to estimate and compare gross motor ability of children aged 7 to 10 years, all from Roma minority families (Romas, Roma immigrants) and families of indigenous Greeks. The sample consisted of 180 children (60 natives, 60 Romas, 60 Roma immigrants) studying in Greek public primary schools. The Test of Gross Motor Development scores showed that the group of indigenous Greek children had significantly higher performance in terms of locomotion skills, handling skills, and general motor ability compared to the groups of Roma and Roma immigrant children. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two other groups. These findings might be attributed to less participation of minority children in organized physical activities in and outside school, as well as to the reduced parental encouragement for attending related activities.
Development of a Metabolic Equation for the NuStep Recumbent Stepper in Older Adults
Authors: Dalleck Lance C. , Borresen Erica C. , Parker Amanda L. , Abel Kelly M. , Habermann Laura A. , McLaughlin Sarah J. , Tischendorf Jessica S. 
Published: March 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop an accurate metabolic equation for estimating steady-state oxygen consumption (VO2) during submaximal NuStep exercise. Adults ( N = 40; M age = 64.0 yr., SD = 6.5; M height = 170.1 cm, SD = 9.1; M weight = 85.7 kg, SD = 19.9) performed two randomized testing sessions. Each session consisted of six stages with combinations of four workloads (1, 3, 5, and 7) at 3 cadences (60, 80, and 100 steps/min.). Multiple regression analysis to predict steady-state VO2 from NuStep workload (W), NuStep steps/min., and subject body mass resulted in the following model ( R2 = .73): [Formula: see text] The standard error of the estimate and total error for the prediction of steady-state VO2 under all NuStep workload conditions were 2.3 mL/kg/min. and 2.4 mL/kg/ min., respectively. The standard error of the estimate and total error values are similar to those previously reported in the literature regarding the accuracy of metabolic equations for other exercise modalities. These findings support the use of the equation developed to predict steady-state VO2 for NuStep exercise in older adult clientele.
Xenodiversity of decapod species (Crustaceea: Decapoda: Reptantia) from the Romanian waters
Authors: Petrescu Ana-Maria , Krapal Ana-Maria , Popa Oana , Iorgu Elena , Popa Luis 
Published: March 2011

Xenodiversity of decapod species (Crustaceea: Decapoda: Reptantia) from the Romanian waters
This paper is a synthesis of the faunistic data present in the specialized literature on the alien decapod species identified in the Romanian fauna between 1951 and 2010: Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817), Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841), Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853, Hemigrapsus sanguineus (de Haan, 1835), Palaemon macrodactylus Rathbun, 1902, Dyspanopeus sayi (Smith, 1869).
The distribution of stone crayfish Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank, 1803) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Astacidae) in the south-west Romanian mountain and sub-mountain area
Authors: Pârvulescu Lucian , Petrescu Iorgu 
Published: March 2011

The distribution of stone crayfish Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank, 1803) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Astacidae) in the south-west Romanian mountain and sub-mountain area
Data is presented in relation to the geographical distribution of the endangered crayfish species Austropotamobius torrentium. One hundred and seventy-four sampling stations situated along the streams of 15 geographical units from the South-West of Romania (Anina Mountains, Almăj, Dognecea, Godeanu, Locva, Ţarcu, Retezat, Semenic, Mehedinţi, Vâlcan, Parâng, Şureanu, Poiana Ruscă, Lipova Hills and Mehedinţi Plateau) have been investigated. A distribution map was compiled. The data from older publications were collated. The actual habitat of this species occupies a large area of South-West Romania in the mountain and sub-mountain area, being absent in the Poiana Ruscă Mts, Lipova and Dognecea Hills.
On the specimens of Eupolybothrus (Leptopolybothrus) tridentinus (Fanzago, 1874) (Chilopoda: Lithobiidae) from the "Z. Matic" and "Şt. Negrea" collections (Romania)
Authors: Negrea Ştefan 
Published: March 2011

On the specimens of Eupolybothrus (Leptopolybothrus) tridentinus (Fanzago, 1874) (Chilopoda: Lithobiidae) from the "Z. Matic" and "Şt. Negrea" collections (Romania)
This work is the second of the series dedicated to the critical evaluation of the Chilopod specimens from the "Z. Matic" and "Şt. Negrea" collections - the only ones existing in Romania (vide "Literature cited"). The history of the study of Eupolybothrus tridentinus (Fanzago, 1874), the synonymies, the examined material, the redescription of the species based on specimens found in the two collections are presented. A nomenclatural updating of two old records is proposed: Eupolybothrus tridentinus (Fanzago) = Polybothrus leptopus sensu Matic, 1958; Eupolybothrus tridentinus (Fanzago) = Eupolybothrus leptopus f. brolemanni sensu Negrea, 1964. The paper concludes on some taxonomical and ecological remarks regarding the Eupolybothrus tridentinus (Fanzago) species.
Contributions to the knowledge of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from "Plaiul Fagului" State Nature Reserve, Republic of Moldova
Authors: Bacal Svetlana , Derunkov Alexander 
Published: March 2011

Contributions to the knowledge of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from "Plaiul Fagului" State Nature Reserve, Republic of Moldova
The paper represents the first contribution to the knowledge of the rove beetle fauna from the "Plaiul Fagului" State Nature Reserve. The identified specimens belong to 5 subfamilies and 12 genera. From the 14 identified species within the area, 8 species are recorded from the Republic of Moldova for the first time: Atheta marcida (Erichson, 1837), Dinaraea aequata (Erichson, 1837), Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst, 1806), Lordithon trinotatus (Erichson, 1839), Tachinus rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758), Tachyporus transversalis Gravenhorst, 1806, Anthobium atrocephalum (Gyllenhal, 1827) and Lathrobium longulum Gravenhorst, 1800. The genera Geostiba and Anthobium were recorded for the first time in the Republic of Moldova.
Bats hibernating in underground shelters of Małe Pieniny mountains (the Carpathian Mountains, Southern Poland)
Authors: Gubała Wojciech , Wołoszyn Bronisław 
Published: March 2011

Bats hibernating in underground shelters of Małe Pieniny mountains (the Carpathian Mountains, Southern Poland)
Six bat species were observed during winter censuses in years 2005-2009: Lesser horseshoe bat, Mouse-eared bat, Daubenton's bat, Whiskered/Brandt's bat, Northern bat and Brown long-eared bat. Rhinolophus hipposideros was most numerous (67% of all bats recorded). Largest hibernaculum on Polish side of range was mine Bania w Jarmucie, with maximum 29 bats during a single control, through the years of research number of species and individuals was increasing. Rarely seen in Outer Carpathians Eptesicus nilssonii winter roost was found in Homole Ravine Reserve.
Migration and interpretation of first arrival inflection points due to lateral variations
Authors: Seisa H.H. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe majority of shallow refraction seismic algorithms work well only in cases of a horizontal plane or inclined refractors. In case of piecewise lateral variation either in dip angle and/or in velocity along the refracting interfaces, the applications of these conventional methods are usually problematic. This is because of the existence of two different inflection points along the first arrival travel‐time curve. The first inflection point corresponds to the crossover point while the later inflection points are due to these lateral variations. The terms true and apparent inflection points will be used in this study to refer to inflection points corresponding to crossover points and those due to lateral variations, respectively. The intersection of the backward extrapolation from inflection points with the time axes will give true intercept times from true inflection points and apparent intercept times from apparent inflection points.Migration of apparent inflection points aims to remove the distortion due to lateral variations of refracted rays from the first arrival traveltime curves by moving them to their proper locations. After the migration of the apparent inflection points, the intercept time technique can be applied in a conventional way to map shallow subsurface refracting interfaces with piecewise lateral variations. The common traveltime elements recorded from the same refracting interfaces and the layer reciprocal time are required for this migration process.This algorithm will be generalized after the removal of the effects due to the apparent inflection points and calculation of the corresponding migrated traveltime elements. Each pair of the common migrated traveltime elements from forward and reverse directions will represent a simple traveltime curve of two planes. Therefore, most shallow refraction algorithms can be applied to this simple traveltime curve using their own equations to map refracting interfaces recorded from media with piecewise lateral variations.
Similar Sublattices of Planar Lattices
Authors: Baake Michael , Scharlau Rudolf , Zeiner Peter 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe similar sublattices of a planar lattice can be classified via its multiplier ring. The latter is the ring of rational integers in the generic case, and an order in an imaginary quadratic field otherwise. Several classes of examples are discussed, with special emphasis on concrete results. In particular, we derive Dirichlet series generating functions for the number of distinct similar sublattices of a given index, and relate them to zeta functions of orders in imaginary quadratic fields.
Cancellation of Cusp Forms Coefficients over Beatty Sequences on GL(m)
Authors: Sun Qingfeng 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLet A(n1, n2, … , nm–1) be the normalized Fourier coefficients of a Maass cusp form on GL(m). In this paper, we study the cancellation of A(n1, n2, … , nm–1) over Beatty sequences.
Publicidad televisiva del Estado y el fomento de la cultura de paz
Authors: Cortés González Alfonso 
Published: March 2011

La publicidad es considerada como una herramienta comunicativa de primer orden con gran capacidad de influencia en la cosmovisión social, y lo es a pesar de que esta forma de comunicación está sobrevalorada en muchos aspectos. Además, el Estado tiene la obligación de ordenar correctamente la sociedad civil, y de propiciar la educación de los ciudadanos y todo aquello que esté vinculado con la máxima del bien común. En este texto se investiga cómo es y hacía dónde debe ir la publicidad institucional del Estado en el fomento de la cultura de paz. La cultura de paz es un proyecto defendido y auspiciado por la UNESCO, vertebrado en todo un universo teórico y conceptual, que no se refiere únicamente a la paz como ausencia de guerra, sino que incide en todas las formas de relaciones humanas y sociales. Para ello se han analizado minuciosamente 61 campañas, sobre una muestra de más de 190.
Preferencias de la información en Internet. Una nueva propuesta metodológica, ensayada con un grupo de universitarios
Authors: Bernal Triviño Ana Isabel 
Published: March 2011

El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer las preferencias de los universitarios sobre el diseño de la información de los medios de comunicación en Internet. La investigación recoge la opinión que la muestra de alumnos seleccionada hace de ocho diseños reales de información en línea. Primero los valoran de forma cuantitativa y después justifican sus respuestas. La metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa permite que los resultados se beneficien del rigor estadístico y de una mayor profundización. Debido a la cantidad de elementos que componen el mensaje visual de una información, esta investigación exploratoria pretende conocer cuáles son los más valorados. Las primeras conclusiones han concretado que existe una preferencia por los diseños más adaptados a las características de Internet, y por elementos como el multimedia y las diferentes modificaciones tipográficas. Con estos datos se ha iniciado una nueva investigación que concretará, exclusivamente de forma cuantitativa, la importancia de los componentes del diseño citados.
Particularidades de la fotografía informativa en los medios online españoles
Authors: Villa María Isabel 
Published: March 2011

Este artículo presenta las conclusiones más relevantes de la investigación La imagen informativa en los medios online: prensa, radio y televisión. La autora expone en primer lugar la teoría y metodología empleada, para luego pasar a describir como fue aplicada a una muestra, recogida en el 2004 y compuesta por 311 imágenes de las ediciones online de los diarios La Vanguardia, El País y El Mundo, las emisoras de radio Cadena Ser, Onda Cero, COPE, así como las cadenas de televisión Antena 3 y Telecinco. Finalmente formula los cambios y el desarrollo que ha sufrido el objeto de estudio hasta el 2008 y sus posibles líneas de investigación. Una de sus principales conclusiones es que el diseño modular de las maquetas condiciona de forma desfavorable el mensaje visual. Se encuentra homogeneidad en la presentación y cortes dramáticos de las capturas originales durante el proceso de edición. Así mismo, los fotógrafos son desconocidos y las agencias de noticias ostentan un papel preponderante como abastecedoras de imágenes.
Opinión Pública y frames: La crisis de los cayucos
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz Raquel , Mena Montes Noemí 
Published: March 2011

El aumento de extranjeros en España se ha convertido en uno de los temas más problemáticos para la opinión pública en la última década. A partir del año 2005, se observa cómo la inmigración pasa a ser el segundo problema en grado de importancia para los españoles, por encima del terrorismo y superado sólo por el desempleo. Este dato convierte a la inmigración en un tema de Estado, central para el gobierno del país, de ahí que la cobertura ofrecida por los medios de comunicación se contemple como un elemento destacado a la hora de enfocar y presentar este asunto a la opinión pública española. Este trabajo ofrece los diferentes frames o enfoques que difundieron dos de los periódicos de referencia españoles, El País y El Mundo, al tema de una de las crisis migratorias ocurridas en Canarias durante la primavera de 2006. Bajo el marco teórico de la Teoría del Framing se ha realizado un análisis de contenido con variables que mostraron diferentes aspectos relacionados con la imagen mediática del fenómeno migratorio y el enfoque que cada uno de los diarios ofrecieron a sus lectores.