bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility study of kaolinite matrix subjected to biaxial tests
Authors: Sengupta Aniruddha 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe potential for structural failure of consolidated clay materials, which is of great importance in many applications, typically are assessed by measuring the localized strain bands that develop under anisotropic load stress. Most methods are precluded from providing a full understanding of the strain anisotropy because they only give two-dimensional information about the stressed clay blocks. The purpose of the present study was to investigate three-dimensional strain localization in a kaolinite matrix, caused by strain anisotropy due to a biaxial plane-strain test, using a relatively new method known as Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS). This method involves induction of magnetism in an oriented sample in different directions and measurement of the induced magnetization in each direction. The AMS analyses were performed on core samples from different parts of the deformed kaolinite matrix. The degree of magnetic anisotropy (P′), which is a measure of the intensity of magnetic fabric and a gauge of strain intensity, was shown to be greater in cores containing shear bands than in those containing none. A threshold value for P′ for the deformed kaolinite matrix was identified, above which shear bands may develop. The comparison of the shape parameter (T), obtained from undeformed and deformed samples, illustrated a superimposition of prolate strain over the original oblate fabric of the kaolinite matrix. The orientation of the principal strain axis revealed that reorientation or rotation of the principal axis occurred along the shear bands.
Melt synthesis and characterization of synthetic Mn-rich tainiolite
Authors: Baumgartner Alexander , Butterhof Christian , Koch Sebastian , Mariychuk Ruslan , Breu Josef 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLarge transition-metal contents add desirable physical properties, such as redox reactivity, magnetism, and electric or ionic conductivity to micas and make them interesting for a variety of materials-science applications. A Mn- and F-rich tainiolite mica,

, was synthesized by a high-temperature melt-synthesis technique. Subsequent annealing for 10 days led to a single-phase and coarsegrained material. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies were performed and characteristic geometric parameters were compared to the analogous ferrous compound, synthetic Fe-rich tainiolite,

. Both tainiolite structures are outside the compositional stability limits for the 2:1 layer structure, and incorporating the relatively large cation Mn2+ requires significant structural adjustments in both the octahedral and tetrahedral sheets. As expected, increasing the ionic radius of the octahedral cation from 0.78 Å (VIFe2+) to 0.83 Å (VIMn2+) reduces the octahedral flattening angle from <Ψ> = 57.05° to <Ψ> = 56.4°, the smallest value ever observed for a tetrasilicic mica. However, even this small <Ψ> value is insufficient to match the lateral sizes of the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets and, in addition, unusual structural adjustments in the tetrahedral sheet are required. The average tetrahedral bond length <T-O> is much greater (1.643 Å) than the average value observed for tetrasilicic micas (1.607 Å,) and a significant difference between the <T-O>apical (1.605 Å) and the <T-O>basal bond lengths (1.656 Å) and an enlarged basal flattening angle (τbas = 106.29°) are noted. These parameters indicate: (1) that the 2:1 layer might be more flexible than previously thought, to allow matching of the lateral dimensions of the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets; and (2) that many other compositions that appear interesting from a materials-science point of view might be accessible.
Anesthesia and Cognitive Performance in Children: No Evidence for a Causal Relationship
Authors: Bartels Meike , Althoff Robert R. , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRecent findings of an association between anesthesia administration in the first three years of life and later learning disabilities have created concerns that anesthesia has neurotoxic effects on synaptogenesis, causing later learning problems. An alternative hypothesis is that those children who are likely to undergo surgery early in life have significant medical problems that are associated with a vulnerability to learning disabilities. These two hypotheses were evaluated in a monozygotic concordant–discordant twin design. Data on anesthesia administration and learning abilities and disabilities were available for 1,143 monozygotic twin pairs (56% female) from the Netherlands Twin Registry. Parents of the twins reported on anesthesia use before age 3 and again between ages 3 and 12 years. Near age 12, educational achievement and cognitive problems were assessed with standardized tests and teacher ratings. Results showed that twins who were exposed to anesthesia before age 3 had significantly lower educational achievement scores and significantly more cognitive problems than twins not exposed to anesthesia. However, there was one important exception: the unexposed co-twin from discordant pairs did not differ from their exposed co-twin. Thus, there is no evidence for a causal relationship between anesthesia administration and later learning-related outcomes in this sample. Rather, there is evidence for early anesthesia being a marker of an individual's vulnerability for later learning problems, regardless of their exposure to anesthesia.
Polymorphisms in the FGF2 Gene and Risk of Serous Ovarian Cancer: Results From the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium
Authors: Johnatty Sharon E. , Beesley Jonathan , Chen Xiaoqing , Spurdle Amanda B. , DeFazio Anna , Webb Penelope M. ,   Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group,   Australian Cancer Study (Ovarian Cancer), Goode Ellen L. , Rider David N. , Vierkant Robert A. , Anderson Stephanie , Wu Anna H. , Pike Malcolm , Van Den Berg David , Moysich Kirsten , Ness Roberta , Doherty Jennifer , Rossing Mary-Anne , Pearce Celeste Leigh , Chenevix-Trench Georgia 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 (basic) is a potent angiogenic molecule involved in tumor progression, and is one of several growth factors with a central role in ovarian carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FGF2 gene may alter angiogenic potential and thereby susceptibility to ovarian cancer. We analyzed 25 FGF2 tgSNPs using five independent study populations from the United States and Australia. Analysis was restricted to non-Hispanic White women with serous ovarian carcinoma (1269 cases and 2829 controls). There were no statistically significant associations between any FGF2 SNPs and ovarian cancer risk. There were two nominally statistically significant associations between heterozygosity for two FGF2 SNPs (rs308379 and rs308447; p < .05) and serous ovarian cancer risk in the combined dataset, but rare homozygous estimates did not achieve statistical significance, nor were they consistent with the log additive model of inheritance. Overall genetic variation in FGF2 does not appear to play a role in susceptibility to ovarian cancer.
Genetic Variation in Female BMI Increases with Number of Children Born but Failure to Replicate Association betweenGNβ3Variants and Increased BMI in Parous Females
Authors: Cornes Belinda K. , Medland Sarah E. , Lind Penelope A. , Nyholt Dale R. , Montgomery Grant W. , Martin Nicholas G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective:As post-pregnancy weight retention in women is a risk factor for obesity later in life, we assessed the changes in magnitude of genetic and environmental variation in BMI due to parity in an Australian female sample, comprising 11,915 female twins and their sisters.Results:Total variance of BMI increased with parity, primarily driven by an increase in nonadditive genetic variance. This finding was of particular interest given Gutersohn et al's (2000) report of recessive association between post-partum weight retention and the 825T allele of theGNβ3gene (rs5443) at 12p13.31. Hence, we attempted to replicate this association and test an additional three SNPs also located near or onGNβ3(rs10744716 (upstream), rs5442 (exon 10), rs5446 (exon 11)) in a sample of 3131 females and 1693 males from 2585 twin families. No association was found between these SNPs among females, even when allowing for a genotype by parity effect. However, a significant association was observed among males for rs10744716 (χ22= 10.22,p= 0.006; effect size = 0.47kg/m2), representing a novel association between a region upstream ofGNβ3and male BMI.
Concordant Symptomatic Intracranial Aneurysm in a Monozygotic Twin: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: ter Laan Mark , Kerstjens-Frederikse Wilhelmina S. , Metzemaekers Jan D. M. , van Dijk J. Marc C. , Groen Rob J. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe development of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a multifactorial process, involving genetic and environmental factors. The presence of IA or aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) in twins is particularly interesting, since both genetic and environmental factors can be studied. It also raises the question of whether, when one twin is affected, the other asymptomatic twin should be examined for an IA. We report on a monozygotic (MZ) twin-pair with aSAH in both twins and we review all reported cases of IA in MZ twins. Including our case, we found only 14 MZ twin-pairs in which both twins harbored an IA, suggesting a heavy underreporting in the medical literature. In this small group, a high concordance was noted in the sites of IAs. In MZ twins, the preferred sites for IAs are the branching arteries, while aneurysms arising from fusion arteries are rare. These sites differ from the preferential sites seen in series of familial IAs and series of sporadic IAs. We therefore hypothesize that the twinning process might play a significant role in the development of IAs in MZ twins. To further explore and substantiate this, the large twin registries should be studied. Although IAs in MZ twins with a negative family history for IAs should not be regarded as familial IAs, screening of the asymptomatic twin should be seriously considered if one MZ twin presents with an aSAH or an IA, because of the high fatality rates reported in asymptomatic (and not screened) MZ twin-halves.
The Establishment of the GENEQOL Consortium to Investigate the Genetic Disposition of Patient-Reported Quality-of-Life Outcomes
Authors: Sprangers Mirjam A. G. , Sloan Jeff A. , Veenhoven Ruut , Cleeland Charles S. , Halyard Michele Y. , Abertnethy Amy P. , Baas Frank , Barsevick Andrea M. , Bartels Meike , Boomsma Dorret I. , Chauhan Cynthia , Dueck Amylou C. , Frost Marlene H. , Hall Per , Klepstad Pål , Martin Nicholas G. , Miaskowski Christine , Mosing Miriam , Movsas Benjamin , Van Noorden Cornelis J. F. , Patrick Donald L. , Pedersen Nancy L. , Ropka Mary E. , Shi Quiling , Shinozaki Gen , Singh Jasvinder A. , Yang Ping , Zwinderman Ailko H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTo our knowledge, no comprehensive, interdisciplinary initiatives have been taken to examine the role of genetic variants on patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes. The overall objective of this paper is to describe the establishment of an international and interdisciplinary consortium, the GENEQOL Consortium, which intends to investigate the genetic disposition of patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes. We have identified five primary patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes as initial targets: negative psychological affect, positive psychological affect, self-rated physical health, pain, and fatigue. The first tangible objective of the GENEQOL Consortium is to develop a list of potential biological pathways, genes and genetic variants involved in these quality-of-life outcomes, by reviewing current genetic knowledge. The second objective is to design a research agenda to investigate and validate those genes and genetic variants of patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes, by creating large datasets. During its first meeting, the Consortium has discussed draft summary documents addressing these questions for each patient-reported quality-of-life outcome. A summary of the primary pathways and robust findings of the genetic variants involved is presented here. The research agenda outlines possible research objectives and approaches to examine these and new quality-of-life domains. Intriguing questions arising from this endeavor are discussed. Insight into the genetic versus environmental components of patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes will ultimately allow us to explore new pathways for improving patient care. If we can identify patients who are susceptible to poor quality of life, we will be able to better target specific clinical interventions to enhance their quality of life and treatment outcomes.
Growth Charts of Length and Height from Birth to Six Years of Age in Japanese Triplets
Authors: Yokoyama Yoshie , Sugimoto Masako , Silventoinen Karri , Pitkäniemi Janne , Kaprio Jaakko 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe analyzed the characteristics associated with the growth in length and height of Japanese triplets from birth to 6 years of age and present the growth charts for them. The study included 354 mothers and their 1,061 triplet children, who were born between 1978 and 2006. Data were collected through a mailed questionnaire sent to the mothers asking for information recorded in medical records. For these births, data on triplets' length and height growth, gestational age, sex, parity, and maternal age at delivery were obtained from records in the Maternal and Child Health Handbooks, which is provided by the authorities after a report of pregnancy. Birth length showed the strongest contribution to height of triplets from 1 to 6 years of age. In addition, birthweight was also a significant contributing factor to height from 1 to 3 years of age. Compared to the 50th percentile of the growth standard for the general population of Japan, the length and height deficit of the triplets was approximately 15% at birth (male, –7.0 cm; female, –7.0 cm), decreased within the first year of age, and fluctuated between 2 and 5% until 6 years of age (male, –3.7 cm; female, –3.3 cm). In conclusion, triplets have lower birth length and subsequent height than singletons. In spite of the catch-up growth during the first year of life, they are behind singletons even in mid-childhood. This study provides height growth curves for triplets.
Dimeric/oligomeric DNA methyltransferases: an unfinished story
Authors: Malygin Ernst G. , Evdokimov Alexey A. , Hattman Stanley 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
DNA methyltransferases (MTases) are enzymes that carry out post-replicative sequence-specific modifications. The initial experimental data on the structure and kinetic characteristics of the EcoRI MTase led to the paradigm that type II systems comprise dimeric endonucleases and monomeric MTases. In retrospect, this was logical because, while the biological substrate of the restriction endonuclease is two-fold symmetrical, the in vivo substrate for the MTase is generally hemi-methylated and, hence, inherently asymmetric. Thus, the paradigm was extended to include all DNA MTases except the more complex bifunctional type I and type III enzymes. Nevertheless, a gradual enlightenment grew over the last decade that has changed the accepted view on the structure of DNA MTases. These results necessitate a more complex view of the structure and function of these important enzymes.
Advanced glycation end product accumulation in rho0 cells without a functional respiratory chain
Authors: Nass Norbert , Kukat Alexandra , Seibel Peter , Brömme Hans-Jürgen , Schinzel Reinhard , Silber Rolf-Edgar , Simm Andreas 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate during ageing with reactive oxygen species from the mitochondrial respiratory chain discussed as a driving force. To determine the role of mitochondrial activity for AGE formation, a rho0 derivative of the 143B.TK- osteosarcoma cell line lacking the respiratory chain, was analysed. These cells exhibit decreased superoxide formation but unchanged mitochondrial SOD expression as well as unchanged antioxidative free sulfhydryl (SH) levels. Whereas total protein content shows no differences in AGE levels, cell fractionation and Western blotting demonstrates some changes in the AGE pattern. Thus, the absence of functional respiration has only a negligible impact on AGE accumulation.
MUC1 traverses apical recycling endosomes along the biosynthetic pathway in polarized MDCK cells
Authors: Mattila Polly E. , Kinlough Carol L. , Bruns Jennifer R. , Weisz Ora A. , Hughey Rebecca P. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
MUC1 is a heavily glycosylated transmembrane protein localized at the apical surface of polarized epithelial cells. Here, we examined the biosynthetic route of newly synthesized MUC1 in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Apically and basolaterally destined cargo are sorted at the trans-Golgi network into distinct vesicles, and proteins with lipid raft-dependent apical targeting signals and glycan-dependent apical targeting signals appear to specifically transit apical early endosomes (AEEs) and apical recycling endosomes (AREs), respectively. Using metabolic labeling we found that MUC1 is efficiently targeted to the apical surface of polarized MDCK cells with a t
1/2 of 45 min. Apical delivery was not altered by inactivation of AEEs by treatment with hydrogen peroxide and diaminobenzidine treatment after apical loading of endosomes with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin. However, expression of a GFP-tagged myosin Vb tail fragment (GFP-MyoVbT) that disrupts export from the ARE significantly reduced MUC1 apical expression. Moreover, MUC1 expressed for brief periods in MDCK cells co-localized with GFP-MyoVbT. We conclude that MUC1 traffics to the apical surface via AREs in polarized renal epithelial cells.
Challenges to our current view on chloroplasts
Authors: Reski Ralf 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Chloroplasts are the co-evolution product of three different genetic compartments. This review compiles reports about bacteria and various photosynthetically active eukaryotes that challenge our current view on the structure of chloroplasts. It highlights their structurally dynamic nature and their differences in various groups of the Archaeplastida. Based on these reports, it argues in favor of an evolutionary view on bacterial as well as on plastid cell biology.
The do's and don'ts of p53 isoforms
Authors: Jänicke Reiner U. , Graupner Vilma , Budach Wilfried , Essmann Frank 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Upon DNA damage and other stresses, the transcription factor p53 elicits numerous responses including DNA repair, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, properties that make p53 the prototype tumor suppressor. In addition, p53 also transactivates genes whose products act in an anti-apoptotic manner providing strong evidence that p53 exhibits both tumor suppressive and tumorigenic functions. Although several events were postulated to contribute to the p53-mediated decision process, the precise mechanism(s) that governs p53 activities is still elusive. Recently, it was found that the p53 gene allows expression of at least nine different isoforms that arise from multiple splicing events and the usage of alternative promoters. Several of these isoforms were shown to critically interfere with the function of the full-length p53 mainly by acting in a dominant-negative manner. However, an isoform-dependent selective activation of p53 target genes was also observed. Furthermore, certain p53 isoforms are aberrantly expressed in various tumors strongly implying their involvement in tumorigenic events. Thus, p53 isoforms may represent crucial determinants in p53-mediated decision processes whose precise functions (their do's and don'ts) are only beginning to emerge.
Analytical role in clinical toxicology: impact on the diagnosis and treatment of poisoned patients1
Authors: Hallbach Jürgen , Degel Fritz , Desel Herbert , Felgenhauer Norbert 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAcute poisoning is a medical emergency situation and requires urgent but adequate medical intervention. The outcome depends on accurate primary care, the correct identification of poison(s) and adequate therapeutic decisions. The present paper reviews the literature concerning the role of analytical toxicology in emergency medicine with particular focus on the last few years. This study is mainly based on a PubMed search: “clinical toxicology review (urine, serum)”. Many acutely poisoned patients are treated with no laboratory support other than general clinical chemistry, haemostaseology and haematology. Emergency toxicological analyses that could influence immediate patient management, if offered on the basis of 24-h availability, are most often restricted to ethanol, oximetry and drugs of abuse in urine. Despite paracetamol (acetaminophen) being the top entry on all hit lists of poison control centres worldwide with few exceptions, the availability of its determination in blood on an urgent basis is not standard even at hospitals with large accident and emergency departments. Therefore, recommendations regarding the assays and methods that should be provided locally and at regional centres were provided for the US and UK, and should be adapted for Germany. Emergency toxicological analyses that could influence immediate patient management are relatively few in number and are remarkably similar worldwide. Recommendations for the US and UK are compared in the present paper together with suggestions for Germany. The first group of these assays should be provided locally by larger hospitals with emergency and intensive care units with a turnaround time (TAT) of <1 h. Other assays (second group) and a systematic toxicological analysis that can help improve patient management after a period of primary stabilisation of vital functions and general supportive therapy can be provided from regional centres with a TAT of 4 h. The need for such centres and the repertoire of tests and methods that should be available will be adapted and discussed. It is well known that comprehensive toxicological analysis incorporating various methods can identify much more substances than are clinically suspected. At the same time, this information might have no clinical utility owing to the time required for sampling, transportation, analysis and reporting, or because the toxicological report might be inconsequential. This has contributed to a range of clinical opinions and practices, from a minimalist approach to a “shotgun” approach of broad-based laboratory testing. The present review should help to understand and discuss the pros and cons of both approaches.
Limits for the determination of guiding values from intra-laboratory data basis, demonstrated by prostate specific antigen (PSA)1
Authors: Gurr Eberhard , Krönig Friedrich , Golbeck Anja , Arzideh Farhad 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The German guidelines for early detection of prostate cancer propose the use of digital rectal palpation and prostate specific antigen (PSA). PSA levels above 4 μg/L are considered to be suspect. However, method comparison of six different assays resulted in differences up to 20% in the range of 4 μg/L, although all assays used the Stanford 90/10 (WHO 96/670) calibration. Interpretation of PSA levels therefore has to take into consideration assay-specific characteristics, using assay-specific local reference ranges. However, the estimation of reference ranges by, e.g., analysis of frequency distribution failed with regard to the high prevalence of benign prostate hyperplasia. PSA velocity is proposed for early detection. Interpretation of PSA velocity especially at low PSA levels has to take into consideration analytical imprecision and biological variation.