bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mentor Development Program for Clinical Translational Science Faculty Leads to Sustained, Improved Confidence in Mentoring Skills
Authors: Feldman Mitchell D. , Steinauer Jody E. , Khalili Mandana , Huang Laurence , Kahn James S. , Lee Kathryn A. , Creasman Jennifer , Brown Jeanette S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMentorship is crucial for academic productivity and advancement for clinical and translational (CT) science faculty. However, little is known about the long‐term effects of mentor training programs. The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Clinical and Translational Science Institute launched a Mentor Development Program (MDP) in 2007 for CT faculty. We report on an evaluation of the first three cohorts of graduates from the MDP. In 2010, all Mentors in Training (MITs) who completed the MDP from 2007 to 2009 (n= 38) were asked to complete an evaluation of their mentoring skills and knowledge; all MITs (100%) completed the evaluation. Two‐thirds of MDP graduates reported that they often apply knowledge, attitudes, or skills obtained in the MDP to their mentoring. Nearly all graduates (97%) considered being a mentor important to their career satisfaction. Graduates were also asked about the MDP's impact on specific mentoring skills; 95% agreed that the MDP helped them to become a better mentor and to focus their mentoring goals. We also describe a number of new initiatives to support mentoring at UCSF that have evolved from the MDP. To our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of the long‐term impact of a mentor training program for CT researchers. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 362–367
Preliminary Competencies for Comparative Effectiveness Research
Authors: Segal Jodi B. , Kapoor Wishwa , Carey Timothy , Mitchell Pamela H. , Murray Michael D. , Saag Kenneth G. , Schumock Glen , Jonas Daniel , Steinman Michael , Filart Rosemarie , Weinberger Morris , Selker Harry 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Workgroup for Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) Education, Training, and Workforce Development identified a need to delineate the competencies that practitioners and users of CER for patient‐centered outcomes research, should acquire. With input from CTSA representatives and collaborators, we began by describing the workforce. We recognize the workforce that conducts CER and the end users who use CER to improve the health of individuals and communities. We generated a preliminary set of competencies and solicited feedback from the CER representatives at each member site of the CTSA consortium. We distinguished applied competencies (i.e., skills needed by individuals who conduct CER) from foundational competencies that are needed by the entire CER workforce, including end users of CER. Key competency categories of relevance to both practitioners and users of CER were: (1) asking relevant research questions; (2) recognizing or designing ideal CER studies; (3) executing or using CER studies; (4) using appropriate statistical analyses for CER; and (5) communicating and disseminating CER study results to improve health. Although CER is particularly broad concept, we anticipate that these preliminary, relatively generic competencies will be used in tailoring curricula to individual learners from a variety of programmatic perspectives. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 476–479
Multilevel Analysis of Environmental Salmonella Prevalences and Management Practices on 49 Broiler Breeder Farms in Four South‐Eastern States, USA
Authors: Berghaus R. D. , Mathis D. L. , Bramwell R. K. , Macklin K. S. , Wilson J. L. , Wineland M. J. , Maurer J. J. , Lee M. D. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryA two‐part serial survey of 49 broiler breeder farms was conducted in four south‐eastern states: Arkansas, Alabama, Georgia and North Carolina. Broiler breeder farms from three to five broiler company complexes in each state were visited on two separate occasions to document management practices and perform environmental sampling for Salmonella prevalence estimation. Salmonella was detected in 88% of the broiler breeder houses that were sampled and was identified on all 49 farms enrolled. Many management characteristics were consistent across the different states and companies. Multilevel analysis was used to evaluate management characteristics as risk factors for Salmonella prevalence and to estimate the proportion of variance residing at the different hierarchical sampling levels. Management characteristics associated with increased Salmonella prevalence included treatment of the flock for any disease, having dusty conditions in the house, having dry conditions under the slats and walking through the house more than one time per day to pick‐up dead birds. After adjusting for state as a fixed effect, the percentages of variance in Salmonella prevalence occurring at the complex, farm, visit, house and individual sample levels were 5.2%, 6.8%, 11.8%, 2.8% and 73.4%, respectively. The intraclass correlations for samples collected from the same house; for samples from different houses during the same visit; for samples from different visits to the same farm; and for samples from different farms in the same complex were as follows: 0.27, 0.24, 0.12 and 0.05, respectively.
Comparison of manual polychromatophilic cell and automated reticulocyte quantification in evaluating regenerative response in anemic dogs
Authors: Collicutt Nancy B. , Grindem Carol B. , Neel Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundDegree of polychromasia and reticulocyte counts are commonly used in veterinary medicine to evaluate response to anemia. The quantitative association between these 2 measurements has not been evaluated.ObjectiveThe aim of this retrospective study was to compare automated reticulocyte percents and counts with those of polychromatophilic cells on blood films from dogs.MethodsBlood films and medical records from 30 clinically healthy dogs and 60 anemic dogs were evaluated. Manual percentage of polychromatophilic cells (MPP) was determined by counting cells in 10 1000× fields, and automated reticulocyte percentage (ARP) was measured using an ADVIA 120 hematology analyzer; absolute polychromatophilic cell and reticulocyte counts were then calculated. Degree of polychromasia, estimated as slight, mild, moderate, marked was documented. Percentages and absolute counts of polychromatophilic cells and reticulocytes were compared using least squares regression and Pearson's correlation coefficients.ResultsThe reference interval for MPP in healthy dogs was 0.21–0.26%. Correlation between MPP and ARP was highest when all levels were considered (n = 60, r = .98, P < .0001), strong when ARP was > 5% (n = 20, r = .91, P < .0001), and poor when ARP was 1–2% (n = 20, r = .35, P < .0001). Results were similar for comparisons of absolute reticulocyte and polychromatophilic cell counts, with the best correlation found when all levels of counts were analyzed together (r = .96) and for automated reticulocyte counts > 150,000/μL (r = .94). Correlation of estimates of polychromasia with ARP was good (r = .83).ConclusionIn anemic dogs MPP can be used for assessment of regeneration, especially in dogs with higher levels of ARP. Standard quantification of reticulocytes is more accurate in dogs with lesser degrees of regeneration.
Pneumococcal neuraminidase A: an essential upper airway colonization factor for Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Brittan J.L. , Buckeridge T.J. , Finn A. , Kadioglu A. , Jenkinson H.F. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryStreptococcus pneumoniae colonizes the upper respiratory tract from where the organisms may disseminate systemically to cause life threatening infections. The mechanisms by which pneumococci colonize epithelia are not understood, but neuraminidase A (NanA) has a major role in promoting growth and survival in the upper respiratory tract. In this article we show that mutants of S. pneumoniae D39 deficient in NanA or neuraminidase B (NanB) are abrogated in adherence to three epithelial cell lines, and to primary nasopharyngeal cells. Adherence levels were partly restored by nanA complementation in trans. Enzymic activity of NanA was shown to be necessary for pneumococcal adherence to epithelial cells, and adherence of the nanA mutant was restored to wild‐type level by pre‐incubation of epithelial cells with Lactococcus lactis cells expressing NanA. Pneumococcal nanA or nanB mutants were deficient in biofilm formation, while expression of NanA on L. lactis or Streptococcus gordonii promoted biofilm formation by these heterologous host organisms. The results suggest that NanA is an enzymic factor mediating adherence to epithelial cells by decrypting receptors for adhesion, and functions at least in part as an adhesin in biofilm formation. Neuraminidase A thus appears to play multiple temporal roles in pneumococcal infection, from adherence to host tissues, colonization, and community development, to systemic spread and crossing of the blood‐brain barrier.
ALEXANDER ON PHYSICS 2.9
Authors: SHARPLES ROBERT W. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In this paper, Bob Sharples considers a report regarding Alexander in Simplicius’Physics commentary, which touches on the problem of hypothetical necessity and how it relates to unqualified necessity. Simplicius seems to think that for Alexander, necessity imposed by matter is not purposive. This is why bricks do not necessarily give rise to a brick house. He here exploits the genuinely Aristotelian idea that form and end account for the matter, rather than vice versa; yet Alexander will have been motivated also by his opposition to the Stoics.
HIGHER-ORDER AWARENESS IN ALEXANDER OF APHRODISIAS
Authors: CASTON VICTOR 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Alexander of Aphrodisias discusses higher-order awareness in perception twice: in Quaestiones 3.7, where he offers a detailed exegesis of Aristotle's arguments at the beginning of De anima 3.2 on how we perceive that we see, as an explanation of what Alexander calls ‘sunaisthêsis’; and in Alexander's own systematic treatise, the De anima. In the Quaestiones, Alexander develops an interpretation of Aristotle that has since become dominant, the moderate capacity reading, according to which the same faculty that enables us to see also enables us to perceive that we are seeing. But he also makes the provocative claim that higher-order awareness is itself a necessary consequence of perceiving and is entailed by some of Aristotle's central doctrines. It is difficult to make good on this claim, though, and Alexander avoids making it in his own De anima, which offers a more nuanced and defensible position on the question.
ALEXANDER OF APHRODISIAS AND ARISTOTLE'S DE ANIMA: WHAT'S IN A COMMENTARY?
Authors: KUPREEVA INNA 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
A study of testimonia for Alexander's lost commentary on Aristotle's De anima can shed new light on his interpretation of Aristotle. Two cases are discussed. (1) Alexander reads De anima 3.12 (434b3–8) as applying teleological explanation of soul's powers to the souls of heavenly bodies, which in his own treatise De anima he excludes from the scope of psychology. Inclusive reading agrees with Alexander's position in other writings and must be his considered view. (2) Philoponus reports a Platonist (probably Numenius') exegesis of De anima 2.2 (413b11–13). Alexander's argument against it, with parallels in his other psychological writings, provides evidence that his controversial definition of soul as a power supervenient on elemental mixture is due, in part, to his polemic against Platonist readings of Aristotle's theory of soul and soul's powers.
LES DÉFINITIONS D'AQUILIUS
Authors: RASHED MARWAN 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
This article contains the editio princeps and discussion of a hitherto unknown Greek text, a list of 86 definitions of terms belonging to the disciplines of logic, ethics and physics. This short lexicon is attributed, in the unique manuscript which has preserved it (ms. Ambrosianus Q 74 sup., copied around 1000 AD in Byzantium), to an author named Aquilius, of whom we know nothing. The present discovery is interesting from a double point of view. First, it gives us new evidence regarding Platonism, Aristotelianism and Stoicism at the end of the Hellenistic era and the beginning of the Imperial period. Second, it sheds some light on the riddle of the transmission of ancient doxography, in particular the quaestio vexata of ‘Arius Didymus’.
Does a primary care practice pharmacist improve the timeliness and completion of medication management reviews?
Authors: Freeman Christopher , Cottrell W Neil , Kyle Greg , Williams Ian , Nissen Lisa 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Objective
To describe the effect of integrating a pharmacist into the general practice team on the timeliness and completion of pharmacist-conducted medication reviews.

Method
A pharmacist was integrated into an Australian inner-city suburb general practice medical centre to provide medication reviews for practice patients. A retrospective analysis of medication reviews with two time periods was conducted: pre-integration of the practice pharmacist and post-integration of the practice pharmacist. In an effort to obtain a measure of external validity the data were compared to data from the Division of General Practice in which the medical centre is located.

Key findings
There were 70 patients referred for medication review in the pre-integration phase and 314 patients referred in the post-integration phase. The time to complete the medication review process was significantly reduced from a median of 56 days to 20 days with a practice pharmacist. Prior to having a practice pharmacist 52% of patients did not have the service billed by the general practitioner, which was reduced to 6% during the post-integration phase.

Conclusion
The results from this trial show that the integration of a pharmacist into the general practice team was associated with an increase in the timeliness and completion rate of medication reviews.
Relevance of increased serum cystatin C to vascular alterations in obese children
Authors: Dubern B. , Lafarge J.‐C. , Fellahi S. , Naour N. , Copin N. , Bastard J.‐P. , Simon C. , Clément K. , Bonnet D. , Tounian P. , Guerre‐Millo M. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryObjectiveEpidemiological studies report a positive relationship between serum cystatin C and cardiovascular outcomes in adults. Here, we tested the relevance of cystatin C as a biomarker for early vascular alterations in severely obese children.MethodsTwo hundred nineteen obese (140 girls; age = 11.7 ± 2.7 years, BMI Z‐score = 4.7 ± 1.2 SD) and 262 non‐obese children (129 girls; age = 11.6 ± 0.6 years, body mass index [BMI] Z‐score = 0.1 ± 1.0 SD). Serum cystatin C was measured by immunonephelometry. Intima media thickness (IMT), incremental elastic modulus, and flow‐mediated and glyceryl‐trinitrate‐mediated dilations were determined at the common carotid artery and the brachial artery in obese children.ResultsObese children had significantly higher serum cystatin C than normal weight controls (0.86 ± 0.01 vs. 0.80 ± 0.01, P < 0.0001). In obese children, serum cystatin C correlates positively with BMI and the homeostasis model assessment index and negatively with the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and adiponectin. A positive relationship was found between serum cystatin C and carotid IMT (r = 0.23, P = 0.0005), which remained significant in multivariate models adjusted for BMI (P = 0.01) and adiponectin with a trend towards significance (P = 0.05).ConclusionThis study positions cystatin C and adiponectin as covariables associated with arterial wall thickness in obese children. Although the underlying pathophysiology linking cystatin C to early vascular disease remains to be deciphered, cystatin C may represent a novel adipose tissue‐derived biomarker implicated in obesity‐related comorbidities early in life.
The best of the UK? A report on the value and future of UK databases in the health and social care fields: a systematic map protocol
Authors: Cooper Chris , O'Mara-Eves Alison , Rogers Morwenna , Bethel Alison , Lowe Jenny , Crathorne Louise , Gomersall Alan 
Published: June 2012

IntroductionThis protocol covers the first part of a two-part project funded by the Health Libraries Group and the University Health and Medical Librarians Group. It details the proposed methodology for a systematic map of the literature relating to UK bibliographic databases in the fields of health and social care. The aim of this mapping exercise is to consider ways in which UK bibliographic databases are described, considered and discussed in the published and unpublished literature. In doing so, we hope to gain a clearer sense of the ways in which UK bibliographic databases are used and viewed by the research community. It also enables the identification of any gaps in the literature for further research and discussion. This topic is important because UK databases are generally underused by researchers in the UK context and some databases are at risk of closure. A lack of access to UK databases means that researchers may miss relevant UK evidence when identifying an evidence base.MethodSystematic Map.AnalysisThe authors will present a narrative description of the literature relating to UK bibliographic databases in the fields of health and social care. They will use tables to present descriptive information about the literature (eg, frequency tables) and use cross-tabulations to demonstrate intersecting themes. Separately, guidance on how to use the resources (eg, areas of unique content, updating frequencies, unique truncation symbols) will be sought from stakeholders and reported alongside the report narrative as a guide to usage.
Risk and protective behaviours for residential carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: Rupert Douglas J , Poehlman Jon A , Damon Scott A , Williams Peyton N 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundUnintentional, non-fire-related carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of poisoning death and injury in the USA. Residential poisonings caused by faulty furnaces are the most common type of CO exposure. However, these poisonings are largely preventable with annual furnace inspections and CO alarm installation.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs that might lead consumers to adopt these protective behaviours.MethodsIn August 2009, four focus groups (n=29) were conducted with homeowners in Chicago, Illinois, USA, to identify the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs that lead consumers to adopt risk and protective behaviours. Discussions were transcribed and the findings were analysed using an ordered meta-matrix.ResultsFocus group participants were aware of CO poisoning and supported the idea of regular furnace inspections. However, few participants consistently scheduled professional inspections for fear of costly repairs and unscrupulous contractors. Participants often owned CO alarms, but many did not locate them properly, nor maintain them. Some participants confused CO and natural gas and were unsure how to react if a CO alarm sounds. Participants stated that incentives, such as discounts and inspector selection tips, would make them more likely to schedule furnace inspections. Participants also identified trustworthy sources for CO education, including realtors, fire departments, home insurance agents and local media outlets.ConclusionsParticipants' residential CO risk behaviours are not random but driven by underlying knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. Correcting misperceptions, providing incentives and partnering with trustworthy sources might encourage greater consumer adoption of protective behaviours.
Prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection in the general population having blood tests within primary care in Madrid, Spain
Authors: Moreno Santiago , Ordobás María , Sanz Juan Carlos , Ramos Belén , Astray Jenaro , Ortiz Marta , García Juan , del Amo Julia 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection in men and women aged 16–80 years, having blood tests within primary care in Madrid, Spain.MethodsA serosurvey to monitor vaccine-preventable diseases in the general population aged 16–80 years was conducted in 2008–2009. Eligible individuals were those having blood tests. The blood extraction centres, the primary sampling units, were chosen in proportion to the size and socio-economic characteristics of the target population, aiming for a sample size of 5355 subjects with equal sex distribution within five age bands. Migrants aged 16–40 years were oversampled. Previous HIV diagnoses were excluded. Prevalence rates of HIV infection with 95% CIs were estimated allocating weights inverse to their probability of selection.ResultsOverall, 3695 subjects agreed to participate, yielding a response rate of 69%, similar for men (66%) and women (73%); individuals recruited at healthcare centres or by telephone; and for all age groups except those aged ≥60 (57%) years. HIV infection was diagnosed in 12 subjects (0.35%; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.57); prevalence, higher in men (0.51%; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.89) than in women (0.20%; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.44); participants from other countries (0.61%; 95% CI 0.03 to 1.18) as compared with Spanish born (0.30%; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.53) and aged 21–30 years (0.65%; 95% CI 0.01 to 1.29), or 31–40 years (0.71%; 95% CI 0.02 to 1.41). None of the differences were statistically significant. Most of the 12 subjects were under follow-up for medical conditions; 11 had visited the primary care clinic in the preceding month.ConclusionThe prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection is very high and calls for strategies to unveil occult HIV infection.
Comparison of two methods for applying spring load restrictions on low volume roads
Authors: Chapin Jeffrey , Kjartanson Bruce H. , Pernia Juan 
Published: June 2012

Northern jurisdictions implement spring load restrictions (SLRs) on low volume roads to minimize damage during spring thaw. For this study, SLRs are applied when the thawing front depth reaches 300 mm. Spring load restrictions should be removed when the pavement structure is completely thawed and the stiffness is sufficiently restored. Thawing and freezing index and thermal numerical modelling-based SLR methods are compared. The methods were first calibrated using air temperatures and measured freezing and thawing depths from two instrumented pavement sections in northern Ontario. The calibrated methods were then tested by predicting SLR application and complete thawing for the two sites for spring 2010. Comparisons with measurements show that both methods are able to predict SLR application within several days for both sites, but were off in excess of one month for complete pavement thawing. This study indicates that a calibrated thawing-index based method is most conducive for regional scale application of SLRs.