bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti–tumor necrosis factor α therapies: Does the risk change with the time since start of treatment?
Authors: Askling Johan , van Vollenhoven Ronald F. , Granath Fredrik , Raaschou Pauline , Fored C. Michael , Baecklund Eva , Dackhammar Christina , Feltelius Nils , Cöster Lars , Geborek Pierre , Jacobsson Lennart T. , Lindblad Staffan , Rantapää‐Dahlqvist Solbritt , Saxne Tore , Klareskog Lars 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the short‐term and medium‐term risks of cancer in patients receiving anti–tumor necrosis factor α (anti‐TNFα) therapies that have proven effective in the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions.MethodsBy linking together data from the Swedish Biologics Register, Swedish registers of RA, and the Swedish Cancer Register, we identified and analyzed for cancer occurrence a national cohort of 6,366 patients with RA who first started anti‐TNF therapy between January 1999 and July 2006. As comparators, we used a national biologics‐naive RA cohort (n = 61,160), a cohort of RA patients newly starting methotrexate (n = 5,989), a cohort of RA patients newly starting disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug combination therapy (n = 1,838), and the general population of Sweden. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using Cox regression analyses, examining overall RR as well as RR by time since the first start of anti‐TNF therapy, by the duration of active anti‐TNF therapy, and by the anti‐TNF agent received.ResultsDuring 25,693 person‐years of followup in 6,366 patients newly starting anti‐TNF, 240 first cancers occurred, yielding an RR of 1.00 (95% confidence interval 0.86–1.15) versus the biologics‐naive RA cohort, and similar RRs versus the other 2 RA comparators. RRs did not increase with increasing time since the start of anti‐TNF therapy, nor with the cumulative duration of active anti‐TNF therapy. During the first year following the first treatment start, but not thereafter, dissimilar cancer risks for adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab were observed.ConclusionDuring the first 6 years after the start of anti‐TNF therapy in routine care, no overall elevation of cancer risk and no increase with followup time were observed.
Recursive identification for dynamic systems with backlash
Authors: Dong Ruili , Tan Yonghong , Chen Hui 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA recursive algorithm for identification of nonlinear dynamic systems with backlash is proposed in this paper. In this method, the backlash, which is a non‐smooth function, is decomposed into a combination of a group of piecewise linearized models so that all the parameters of the backlash can be estimated separately. Moreover, the model of the backlash is embedded into a Hammerstein‐type model. Thus, a pseudo‐Hammerstein model with backlash is constructed. The estimation of the parameters for such a non‐smooth nonlinear system can be implemented through a so‐called recursive general identification algorithm (RGIA). Then, the corresponding convergence analysis of the RGIA for the model with backlash is also investigated. After that, two examples are presented to show the performance of the proposed method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Hochdynamische Materialeigenschaften von Ultrahochleistungsbeton (UHPC)
Authors: Nöldgen Markus , Millon Oliver , Thoma Klaus , Fehling Ekkehard 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDer vorliegende Bericht liefert einen Beitrag zur Werkstoffbeschreibung von Ultrahochleistungsbetonen unter hochdynamischer Belastung. Grundlage für die Ermittlung der Werkstoffeigenschaften ist eine Hopkinson‐Bar Versuchsreihe, die Werte für die dynamische Zugfestigkeit, den dynamischen E‐Modul und die dynamische Bruchenergie unter Dehnraten von 102· s–1liefert. Ein Vergleich mit den Ergebnissen dieser Parameter für Normalbeton und hochfesten Betonen ermöglicht eine Einordnung des Ultrahochleistungsbetons in etablierte Ansätze und Berechnungsvorschriften und liefert einen Bewertungsansatz für die maßgebenden mechanischen Vorgänge. Unter Einbeziehung der Bruchenergie und der Spannungs‐Rissöffnungs‐Beziehung für UHPC in das RHT‐Betonmodell werden Hydrocode Simulationen durchgeführt, die den Versuch am Hopkinson‐Bar adäquat abbilden können.Material Properties of Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) at High Strain RatesThe presented paper is a contribution to the material description of Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) under high‐speed dynamical loading conditions. Based on a series of Hopkinson‐Bar experiments dynamical material parameters such as the Tensile Strength, Young's Modulus and Fracture Energy are derived at high strain rates of 102· s–1. A comparison with the results of these parameters for normal and high strength concrete leads to a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of UHPC at high strain rates. With the extension of the established RHT material model for UHPC by the material's Fracture Energy and Stress‐Crack‐Opening‐Relation the Hopkinson‐Bar experiments are simulated appropriately.
Zur Querkraftgefährdung bestehender Spannbetonbrücken
Authors: Hegger Josef , Karakas Alexander , Pelke Eberhard , Schölch Udo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractZur Formulierung einer Handlungsanweisung werden in Teil I die geänderten Lastannahmen für Brücken nach DIN Fachbericht 101 mit den Belastungsklassen nach alten Normen verglichen und gezeigt, wie anhand aktueller Verkehrszahlen die Lastansätze modifiziert werden können. Der aktuelle Brückenbestand in Hessen wird mit der Straßeninformationsbank (Teilprojekt Bauwerksdaten) ausgewertet, um Klassifizierungs‐ und Bewertungskriterien zu erarbeiten. Zur Beurteilung des Querkraftwiderstandes werden die Grundlagen der Querkraftbemessung nach DIN 1045, DIN 4227, DIN Fachbericht 102 und aus der Literatur gegenübergestellt.Shear‐Vulnerability of Existing Pre‐Stressed Concrete Bridges. Part One: BasicsIn Part I, to formulate an operation directive the revised load assumptions for bridges of DIN Technical Report 101 are compared with the loading classes according to old standards and it is demonstrated, how the loading models can be modified based on actual traffic data. The current bridge asset in the Federal State of Hesse is evaluated using the “Road Information Database (Sub‐Project: Structural Data)” in order to work out classification and evaluation criteria. Regarding the assessment of the shear load‐bearing capacity the fundamentals of the shear load design models of DIN 1045, DIN 4227, DIN TR 102 and from the literature are compared.
Innovative Großbrücken im Eisenbahn‐Hochgeschwindigkeitsverkehr am Beispiel der Neubaustrecke Erfurt‐Leipzig/Halle
Authors: Schenkel Marcus , Marx Steffen , Krontal Ludolf 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEisenbahnbrücken, insbesondere im Hochgeschwindigkeitsbereich, müssen enormen funktionalen Anforderungen genügen. Gleichzeitig prägen gerade die großen Talbrücken der Neubaustrecken sehr stark die Landschaft, so dass neben den technischen Aspekten auch die gestalterischen Fragen einen sehr hohen Stellenwert haben. Auf der Eisenbahn‐Neubaustrecke zwischen Erfurt und Leipzig/Halle werden derzeitig mehrere Talbrücken nach neuen Entwurfskonzepten realisiert, welche die technischen und baukulturellen Ansprüche vereinen. In diesem einführenden Beitrag werden die außerordentlich vielschichtigen Rahmenbedingungen aus dem geltenden Regelwerk, dem Finanzierungs‐ sowie Vergaberecht und der hoheitlichen Bauaufsicht erläutert und die im Projekt erfolgte Umsetzung dargelegt. Ergänzend erfolgt beispielhaft eine Gegenüberstellung der ursprünglich geplanten und abschließend in die Realisierung geführten Bauwerksentwürfe der Scherkondetalbrücke und der Unstruttalbrücke. In nachfolgenden Aufsätzen ist geplant, die Entwurfskonzepte und die technischen Besonderheiten einzelner Brückenbauwerke der NBS Erfurt – Leipzig/Halle im Detail wiederzugeben.
Iron metabolism: microbes, mouse, and man
Authors: Latunde‐Dada Gladys O. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRecent advances in research on iron metabolism have revealed the identity of a number of genes, signal transduction pathways, and proteins involved in iron regulation in mammals. The emerging paradigm is a coordination of homeostasis within a network of classical iron metabolic pathways and other cellular processes such as cell differentiation, growth, inflammation, immunity, and a host of physiologic and pathologic conditions. Iron, immunity, and infection are intricately linked and their regulation is fundamental to the survival of mammals. The mutual dependence on iron by the host and invading pathogenic organisms elicits competition for the element during infection. While the host maintains mechanisms to utilize iron for its own metabolism exclusively, pathogenic organisms are armed with a myriad of strategies to circumvent these measures. This review explores iron metabolism in mammalian host, defense mechanisms against pathogenic microbes and the competitive devices of microbes for access to iron.
Synthetic cells and organelles: compartmentalization strategies
Authors: Roodbeen Renée , van Hest Jan C. M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe recent development of RNA replicating protocells and capsules that enclose complex biosynthetic cascade reactions are encouraging signs that we are gradually getting better at mastering the complexity of biological systems. The road to truly cellular compartments is still very long, but concrete progress is being made. Compartmentalization is a crucial natural methodology to enable control over biological processes occurring within the living cell. In fact, compartmentalization has been considered by some theories to be instrumental in the creation of life. With the advancement of chemical biology, artificial compartments that can mimic the cell as a whole, or that can be regarded as cell organelles, have recently received much attention. The membrane between the inner and outer environment of the compartment has to meet specific requirements, such as semi‐permeability, to allow communication and molecular transport over the border. The membrane can either be built from natural constituents or from synthetic polymers, introducing robustness to the capsule.
Supporting the development of interactive applications in introductory programming courses
Authors: Aispuro Elvia E. , Licea Guillermo , Suárez Jaime , Sandoval Andrés , Carreño Mónica A. , Estrada Italia , Juárez‐Ramírez Reyes , Aguilar Leocundo , Martínez Luis G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractExtended Library for Visual Interactive Applications (ELVIA) is a programming tool developed and used by the two most important public universities in the Baja California peninsula in México. ELVIA provides a Java class framework that helps novice students of programming to automatically generate the graphical user interface of interactive applications, focusing in the classes and objects that compose the applications. This paper describes ELVIA, some application examples and experiences applying this programming tool in introductory programming courses. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 214–220, 2012
The strategy on replicate and similar web collections' detecting and clustering
Authors: Gao Kai 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe fraction of the web collections consisting of duplicates has been surveyed at a high level. The quality of a web crawler increases if it can assess whether a newly crawled web page is a duplicate of a previously crawled page, so the strategy on detecting and filtering duplicates is important to improve the performance of search engine. This paper first presents the algorithm based on URL hashing to filter duplicates. On the basis of the Chinese key‐concepts weighting and extracting, this paper then proposes a method to cluster similar results based on content analysis. Both the experimental results and the application validate the feasibility of the approach as this can minimize the overlap while clustering similar results effectively. Some existing problems and further works are also present in the end. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 221–231, 2012
Determination of Residence Time Distribution in Gas‐Phase Microreactors using Light Emitting (Quasi‐)Continuous Plasma Discharges
Authors: Lohse S. , Michels A. , Tombrink S. , Agarl D. W. , Franzke J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA novel technique for determining the residence time distribution in gas‐phase microreactors has been developed, which both minimizes flow distortions upon tracer injection and provides precise tracer detection with high temporal resolution. The methodology proposed has been demonstrated as a suitable means for characterizing gas‐phase microreactors by measurements on two idealized test reactors and two different ceramic plate microreactor modules.
Microreactor Process for the Optimized Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural: A Promising Building Block Obtained by Catalytic Dehydration of Fructose
Authors: Tuercke T. , Panic S. , Loebbecke S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA continuous microreaction process was set up to analyze and improve the “green” synthesis of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) based on the HCl‐catalyzed dehydration of fructose in pure aqueous solutions. The process conditions were deliberately shifted to high temperatures and pressures (185 °C, 17 bar) and combined with a reduced reaction time of only 1 min to avoid extensive rehydration of the product. 5‐HMF was obtained with 75 % selectivity and 54 % yield at 71 % fructose conversion. In comparison to published data, a 24 % increase in selectivity and a 21 % increase in conversion could be achieved. Moreover, by adding organic co‐solvents and extraction agents to the reaction system, both 5‐HMF selectivity and yield could be further enhanced to 85 and 82 %, respectively. However, the use of additional organic solvents cannot be considered as a “green” process anymore.
Flow Chemistry of the Kolbe‐Schmitt Synthesis from Resorcinol: Process Intensification by Alternative Solvents, New Reagents and Advanced Reactor Engineering
Authors: Krtschil U. , Hessel V. , Reinhard D. , Stark A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Kolbe‐Schmitt synthesis from resorcinol was exemplarily investigated to figure out the process intensification potential of continuous processing in the milli and micro scale, alone and combined with additional intensification means like alternative solvents, new reagents and an advanced reactor design. The oil bath‐heated synthesis was investigated for capillary reactors of different dimensions, using aqueous solutions of KHCO3 and reactive ionic liquids. Already the first case led to space‐time yields (STY) of 15,500 kg/(m3h) at 37 % yield. Synthesis with different CO2‐donating salts showed that KHCO3 has the highest activity and that hydrogen carbonates are better than carbonates. The replacement of KHCO3 by reactive ionic liquids led to a substantial increase, both in yield (58 %) and STY (69,900 kg/(m3h)). The application of scCO2 did not significantly increase the yield despite an even more substantial change of the reaction medium. Using an electrically heated microstructured reactor resulted in a tenfold higher productivity (0.75 t/a) compared to the capillary reactor and does much better ensure scalability of the reaction.
Insight into the Complexation Mode of Bis(nitrilotriacetic acid) (NTA) Ligands with Ni2+ Involved in the Labeling of Histidine‐Tagged Proteins
Authors: Brellier Marie , Barlaam Bernard , Mioskowski Charles , Baati Rachid 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAccording to literature reports and our own findings, the binding of new Ni2+‐preloaded bis(nitrilotriacetic acid) (NTA) ligands with polyhistidine‐tagged proteins has been found to be accompanied by a one‐ to two‐order‐of‐magnitude increase in affinity, compared to the binding of a single Ni2+‐preloaded NTA moiety. In spite of the introduction of a second NTA chelating group, a cooperative effect that is less than the theoretical maximum has been observed. Herein, we present a rational explanation for the observed stability of the ternary complex involving the postulated bis‐NTA–(Ni2+)2 species and multivalent polyhistidine tags. We have found that prior to the formation of the ternary complex, the Ni2+‐preloading step of bis‐NTA ligands does not form the expected bis‐NTA–(Ni2+)2 exclusively. Instead of the major formation of bis‐NTA–(Ni2+)2 species, it appears that cyclic discrete 1:1 and 2:2 entities are predominantly formed. It is proposed that these species interact upon ring‐opening with multivalent histidine tags. The occurrence of this phenomena accounts for the overall one‐ to two‐order‐of‐magnitude increase in affinity of ternary complexes involving bis‐NTA ligands.
Predicting Inclusion Behaviour and Framework Structures in Organic Crystals
Authors: Cruz‐Cabeza Aurora J. , Day Graeme M. , Jones William 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe have used well‐established computational methods to generate and explore the crystal structure landscapes of four organic molecules of well‐known inclusion behaviour. Using these methods, we are able to generate both close‐packed crystal structures and high‐energy open frameworks containing voids of molecular dimensions. Some of these high‐energy open frameworks correspond to real structures observed experimentally when the appropriate guest molecules are present during crystallisation. We propose a combination of crystal structure prediction methodologies with structure rankings based on relative lattice energy and solvent‐accessible volume as a way of selecting likely inclusion frameworks completely ab initio. This methodology can be used as part of a rational strategy in the design of inclusion compounds, and also for the anticipation of inclusion behaviour in organic molecules.
Cycloaddition Reactions of Butadiene and 1,3‐Dipoles to Curved Arenes, Fullerenes, and Nanotubes: Theoretical Evaluation of the Role of Distortion Energies on Activation Barriers
Authors: Osuna Sílvia , Houk Kendall N. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDiels–Alder cycloadditions of butadiene and 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of azomethine ylide, fulminic acid, and the parent nitrone to polyacenes, fullerenes, and nanotubes have been investigated with density functional theory and ONIOM methods. Activation barriers obtained for cycloaddition reactions on planar and curved systems have been shown to be highly correlated to the energy needed to distort the reactants to the geometry of the transition state (TS).
A Dual‐Response [2]Rotaxane Based on a 1,2,3‐Triazole Ring as a Novel Recognition Station
Authors: Zheng Haiyan , Zhou Weidong , Lv Jing , Yin Xiaodong , Li Yongjun , Liu Huibiao , Li Yuliang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwo novel multilevel switchable [2]rotaxanes containing an ammonium and a triazole station have been constructed by a CuI‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The macrocycle of [2]rotaxane containing a C6‐chain bridge between the two hydrogen bonding stations exhibits high selectivity for the ammonium cation in the protonated form. Interestingly, the macrocycle is able to interact with the two recognition stations when the bridge between them is shortened. Upon deprotonation of both [2]rotaxanes, the macrocycle moves towards the triazole recognition site due to the hydrogen‐bond interaction between the triazole nitrogen atoms and the amide groups in the macrocycle. Upon addition of chloride anion, the conformation of [2]rotaxane is changed because of the cooperative recognition of the chloride anion by a favorable hydrogen‐bond donor from both the macrocycle isophthalamide and thread triazole CH proton.
Reaction Pathways Determined by Mechanical Milling Process for Dehydrogenation/Hydrogenation of the LiNH2/MgH2 System
Authors: Liang Chu , Liu Yongfeng , Luo Kun , Li Bo , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge , Wang Qidong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe dehydrogenation/hydrogenation processes of the LiNH2/MgH2 (1:1) system were systematically investigated with respect to balller milling and the subsequent heating process. The reaction pathways for hydrogen desorption/absorption of the LiNH2/MgH2 (1:1) system were found to depend strongly on the milling duration due to the presence of two competing reactions in different stages (i.e., the reaction between Mg(NH2)2 and MgH2 and that between Mg(NH2)2 and LiH), caused by a metathesis reaction between LiNH2 and MgH2, which exhibits more the nature of solid–solid reactions. The study provides us with a new approach for the design of novel hydrogen storage systems and the improvement of hydrogen‐storage performance of the amide/hydride systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Evolution, Sequential Oxidation, and Chemical Bonding in Tritantalum Oxide Clusters: Ta3On‐ and Ta3On (n = 1—8).
Authors: Zai Hua‐Jin , Wang Bin , Huang Xin , Wang Lai‐Sheng 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Li and H Diffusion in the High‐Temperature Solid Phase of LiBH4.
Authors: Soloninin A. V. , Skripov A. V. , Buzlukov A. L. , Stepanov A. P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Step Method for the Growth of Ga2O3‐Nanorod‐Based White‐Light‐Emitting Phosphors.
Authors: Vanithakumari Sampathkumar Chrisolite , Nanda Karuna Kar 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, Bonding, and Properties of the Oxide Carbide ScAlOC, a New Type of Compound.
Authors: Schroeder Melanie , Hillebrecht Harald 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Soft—Hard Acid—Base Interactions: Probing Coordination Preferences of Sulfur and Selenium in Mixed Chalcophosphates in the Family APbPS4‐xSex (A: K, Rb, Cs; x = 0—4).
Authors: Rothenberger Alexander , Morris Collin , Wang Hsien‐Hau , Chung Duck Young , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Inorganic Cryptand: Size‐Selective Strong Metallic Cation Encapsulation by a Disilicoicosatungstate (Si2W20) Polyoxometalate.
Authors: Yoshida Akihiro , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Uehara Kazuhiro , Hikichi Shiro , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.