bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Mass Index and Survival After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Jain Renuka , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Chan Paul S. ,   for the American Heart Association National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (NRCPR) Investigators*
Published: August 2010

Background—
The quality and effectiveness of resuscitation processes may be influenced by the patient's body mass index (BMI); however, the relationship between BMI and survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest has not been previously studied.

Methods and Results—

We evaluated 21 237 adult patients with an in-hospital cardiac arrest within the National Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (NRCPR). We examined the association between BMI (classified as underweight [<18.5 kg/m
2
], normal [18.5 to 24.9 kg/m
2
], overweight [25.0 to 29.9 kg/m
2
], obese [30.0 to 34.9 kg/m
2
], and very obese [≥35.0 kg/m
2
]) and survival to hospital discharge using multivariable logistic regression, after stratifying arrests by rhythm type and adjusting for patient characteristics. Of 4499 patients with ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia as initial rhythm, 1825 (40.6%) survived to discharge. After multivariable adjustment, compared with overweight patients, underweight (odds ratio [OR], 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41 to 0.84;
P
=0.003), normal weight (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.89;
P
<0.001), and very obese (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.96;
P
=0.02) had lower rates of survival, whereas obese patients had similar rates of survival (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.06;
P
=0.17). In contrast, of 16 738 patients with arrests caused by asystole or pulseless electric activity, only 2501 (14.9%) survived. After multivariable adjustment, all BMI groups had similar rates of survival except underweight patients (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.82;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
For cardiac arrest caused by shockable rhythms, underweight, normal weight, and very obese patients had lower rates of survival to discharge. In contrast, for cardiac arrest caused by nonshockable rhythms, survival to discharge was similar across BMI groups except for underweight patients. Future studies are needed to clarify the extent to which BMI affects the quality and effectiveness of resuscitation measures.
Towards New Rules on Disembarkation of Persons Rescued at Sea?
Authors: Coppens Jasmine , Somers Eduard 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIt is an international legal obligation for States to render assistance to persons in distress at sea. However, a comparable legally binding duty to disembark these rescued persons does not exist in the law of the sea. As a result, these persons—often migrants—can spend weeks on a ship at sea before a State allows them to go ashore. This article analyses the existing legal framework concerning disembarkation and evaluates the recent initiatives taken within the International Maritime Organization. Suggestions for future improvements are made.
EU Citizenship: Revisiting its Meaning, Place and Potential
Authors: de Waele Henri 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article takes a closer look at the legal framework on citizenship of the Union. In particular, it analyzes the amendments that took effect at the end of 2009, due to the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. Though at first sight, these seem to verge on the trivial, the present paper engages in detailed scrutiny, and hypothesizes that a more fundamental change may be perceived than is commonly acknowledged. It attempts to map the consequences of this supposed watershed with regard to both EU and third country nationals. Ultimately, it argues that the novel place attributed to the concept extends its reach further than ever before, and supplies it with a massive potential that the European Court of Justice is poised to exploit.
External morphology and systematics of the family Lobalgidae (Acari: Astigmata) with resolution of the question of family monophyly
Authors: OConnor Barry , Bochkov Andre 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe monophyly of the family Lobalgidae comprising the genera Lobalges, Echimytricalges and Coendalges is tested using morphological characters and the maximum parsimony approach. Representatives of all subfamilies of the family Psoroptidae, the families Pyroglyphidae (Paralgopsis) and Psoroptoididae (Psoroptoides), and most families of the superfamily Sarcoptoidea were used as close outgroups, with Ptiloxenus (Ptiloxenidae) and Acarus (Acaridae) selected as distant outgroups. The analysis revealed polyphyly of the family: the two lobalgid genera Lobalges and Echimytricalges appear as sister groups, whereas the genus Coendalges is a member of a clade comprising genera of the psoroptid subfamily Psoralginae. The composition of the family Lobalgidae is here limited to these two genera, and the genus Coendalges is placed in the subfamily Psoralginae (Psoroptidae). A taxonomic revision of the family Lobalgidae is given, including descriptions of two new species, Echimytricalges lonchothrix sp.n. and E. proechimys sp.n. We also validate the species Echimytricalges whitakeri Fain and Ritzi, which had previously been a nomen nudum.
Serial polysomnography in hypnic headache
Authors: Holle Dagny , Wessendorf Thomas E , Zaremba Sebastian , Naegel Steffen , Diener Hans-Christoph , Katsarava Zaza , Gaul Charly , Obermann Mark 
Published: August 2010

Background: Hypnic headache (HH) is a rare primary headache disorder characterized by strictly sleep-related headache attacks. Most patients are over the age of 50 and usually awake at the same time at night with dull bilateral head pain. The pathophysiology of this headache disorder is still enigmatic but association with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been suggested. Methods: Six patients with HH according to the current International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II) criteria (code 4.5) were investigated. Serial polysomnography (PSG) was performed in each patient for four consecutive nights. Results: A total of 22 HH attacks were recorded from all patients during PSG. Six of the monitored headache attacks arose from REM sleep; 16 attacks, however, arose from different non-REM (NREM) sleep stages. Five patients showed an increased apnoea/hypopnoea index (>5), indicating obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) on some but not the majority of nights. Headache onset and occurrence of SDB were not temporally connected. Conclusions: This prospective study shows that the onset of HH was not associated with sleep stage. These results contradict the current belief that REM sleep and SDB play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of HH.
Potential Savings of a Program to Prevent Ankle Sprain Recurrence
Authors: Hupperets Maarten D. W. , Verhagen Evert A. L. M. , Heymans Martijn W. , Bosmans Judith E. , van Tulder Maurits W. , van Mechelen Willem 
Published: August 2010

Background The most common ankle injury is the lateral ankle sprain. Dutch annual sports-related ankle sprain costs can roughly be estimated at 187,200,000. Research has shown that proprioceptive training accounts for an approximated overall 50% reduction in ankle sprain recurrence rate. Hypothesis An unsupervised proprioceptive training program to reduce the recurrence of lateral ankle sprains will reduce overall health care costs. Design Cohort study (economic analysis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods The study included 522 male and female athletes: 256 athletes (120 female and 136 male) in the intervention group, and 266 athletes (128 female and 138 male) in the control group. Both groups received treatment according to usual care. Athletes allocated to the intervention group received an 8-week proprioceptive training program in addition to usual care. Costs per athlete and costs per injured athlete were calculated. Costs related to ankle sprain recurrences were measured from a societal perspective using cost diaries. Bootstrapping was used to analyze the cost-effectiveness data. Follow-up was 1 year. Results Mean total costs in the intervention group were 81 (standard deviation, 134) per athlete and 114 (325) per injured athlete. Mean overall costs in the control group were 149 (836) per athlete and 447 (1403) per injured athlete. Statistically significant differences in total costs were found per athlete (mean difference, —69; 95% confidence interval, -200 to -2) and per injured athlete (-332; -741 to -62) in favor of the intervention group. A cost-effectiveness plane showed the effect of the intervention was larger and the costs were lower in the intervention group than the control group. Conclusion The use of a proprioceptive training program after usual care of an ankle sprain is cost-effective for the prevention of ankle sprain recurrences in comparison with usual care alone. In the Netherlands, an estimated annual 35.9 million in medical and lost productivity costs can be saved solely by advocating a proprioceptive training program as in the present study.
The Effect of Distal Clavicle Excision on in Situ Graft Forces in Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Kowalsky Marc S. , Kremenic Ian J. , Orishimo Karl F. , McHugh Malachy P. , Nicholas Stephen J. , Lee Steven J. 
Published: August 2010

Background Recently, some have suggested that the acromioclavicular articulation confers stability to the construct after coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction for acromioclavicular joint separation. Therefore, it has been suggested that distal clavicle excision should not be performed in this context to protect the graft during healing. Hypothesis Sectioning the acromioclavicular ligaments would significantly increase in situ forces of a coracoclavicular ligament graft, whereas performing a distal clavicle resection would not further increase in situ graft forces. Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods A simulated coracoclavicular reconstruction was performed on 5 cadaveric shoulders. Static loads of 80 N and 210 N were applied directly to the clavicle in 5 directions: anterior, anterosuperior, superior, posterosuperior, and posterior. The in situ graft force was measured using a force transducer under 3 testing conditions: (1) intact acromioclavicular ligaments, (2) sectioned acromioclavicular ligaments, and (3) distal clavicle excision. Results For both magnitudes of load, in all directions, in situ graft force with intact acromioclavicular ligaments was significantly less than that with sectioned acromioclavicular ligaments (P < .001). Distal clavicle excision did not further increase the in situ graft forces with load applied to the clavicle in an anterior, anterosuperior, or superior direction. However, in situ graft forces were increased with distal clavicle excision when the clavicle was loaded with 210 N in the posterosuperior direction (60.4 ± 6.3 N vs 52.5 ± 7.1 N; P = .048) and tended to be increased with posterior loading of the clavicle (71.8 ± 6.2 N vs 53.1 ± 8.8 N; P = .125). Conclusion Intact acromioclavicular ligaments protect the coracoclavicular reconstruction by decreasing the in situ graft force. The slight increase in the in situ graft force only in the posterosuperior and posterior direction after distal clavicle excision suggests only a marginal protective role of the acromioclavicular articulation. Further, the peak graft forces observed represent only a small fraction of the ultimate failure strength of the graft. Clinical Relevance Distal clavicle excision can perhaps be safely performed in the context of coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction without subjecting the graft to detrimental in situ force. Although the acromioclavicular articulation serves only a marginal role in protecting the coracoclavicular ligament graft, reconstruction of the acromioclavicular ligaments may serve an important role in decreasing in situ graft force during healing.
Intrinsic Risk Factors for Groin Injuries among Male Soccer Players
Authors: Engebretsen Anders Hauge , Myklebust Grethe , Holme Ingar , Engebretsen Lars , Bahr Roald 
Published: August 2010

Background This study was conducted to determine if risk factors for groin injuries among male soccer players could be identified. Hypothesis Previous groin injuries, reduced function scores, age, findings on clinical examination, and low isometric groin strength are associated with increased risk of new groin injuries. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods A total of 508 players representing 31 amateur teams were tested during the 2004 preseason for potential risk factors for groin injury through a questionnaire on previous injury and function score (Groin Outcome Score [GrOS]) and a clinical examination of the groin. Generalized estimating equations were used in univariate analyses to identify candidate risk factors, and factors with a P value <.10 were then examined in a multivariate model. Results During the soccer season, 61 groin injuries affecting 55 legs (51 players) were registered. The total incidence of groin injuries was 0.6 injuries per 1000 playing hours (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4-0.7), 0.3 injuries per 1000 training hours (95% CI, 0.2-0.4), and 1.8 injuries per 1000 match hours (95% CI, 1.2-2.5). In a multivariate analysis, previous acute groin injury (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.60; 95% CI, 1.10-6.11) and weak adductor muscles as determined clinically (adjusted OR, 4.28; 95% CI, 1.31-14.0) were significantly associated with increased risk of groin injuries. A multivariate analysis based only on acute time-loss injuries revealed the 40-m sprint test result (adjusted OR, 2.03 for 1 standard deviation change [injured group faster]; 95% CI, 1.06-3.88; P = .03) and functional testing of the rectal abdominal muscles (adjusted OR, 15.5 [painful in 19% of the players in the injured group compared to 16% in the uninjured group]; 95% CI, 1.11-217; P = .04) as significant risk factors. Conclusion A history of acute groin injury and weak adductor muscles are significant risk factors for new groin injuries.
The effect of core stability training on balance and mobility in ambulant individuals with multiple sclerosis: A multi-centre series of single case studies
Authors: Freeman JA , Gear M , Pauli A , Cowan P , Finnigan C , Hunter H , Mobberley C , Nock A , Sims R , Thain J 
Published: August 2010

Background: Core stability training is popular in the management of people with multiple sclerosis (MS); however, scientific evidence to support its effectiveness is scarce. Objective: To explore the effectiveness of core stability training on balance and mobility. Method: A multi-centre series of eight single case studies was undertaken. Eight ambulant individuals with stable MS participated in 16 face-to-face core stability training sessions, delivered by a neurophysiotherapist, plus a daily home exercise programme. A range of outcomes were measured: 10-m timed walk, 12-item MS walking scale, timed get up and go, functional reach tests, timed single leg stance, visual analogue scales of two activities, and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale. Results: Visual analysis of trend, level and slope demonstrated improvement in five subjects (62%) in seven measures. This was confirmed by the two standard deviation band method of analysis for six measures. Analysis of group data (repeated measures within subjects analysis of variance) indicated significant improvement between baseline and intervention phases for timed walk ( p = 0.019), MSWS-12 Scale ( p = 0.041), forward ( p = 0.015) and lateral reach ( p = 0.012). In general, no further improvements were made following withdrawal of the intervention. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of an 8-week core stability training programme in improving balance and mobility in ambulant people with MS. Variations in response to intervention are evident. Assessor-blinded randomized controlled studies are required to confirm these findings and determine patient characteristics which identify those who benefit most from this intervention.
Karyopherin α7 (KPNA7), a divergent member of the importin α family of nuclear import receptors
Authors: Kelley Joshua B , Talley Ashley M , Spencer Adam , Gioeli Daniel , Paschal Bryce M 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Classical nuclear localization signal (NLS) dependent nuclear import is carried out by a heterodimer of importin α and importin β. NLS cargo is recognized by importin α, which is bound by importin β. Importin β mediates translocation of the complex through the central channel of the nuclear pore, and upon reaching the nucleus, RanGTP binding to importin β triggers disassembly of the complex. To date, six importin α family members, encoded by separate genes, have been described in humans.

Results
We sequenced and characterized a seventh member of the importin α family of transport factors, karyopherin α 7 (KPNA7), which is most closely related to KPNA2. The domain of KPNA7 that binds Importin β (IBB) is divergent, and shows stronger binding to importin β than the IBB domains from of other importin α family members. With regard to NLS recognition, KPNA7 binds to the retinoblastoma (RB) NLS to a similar degree as KPNA2, but it fails to bind the SV40-NLS and the human nucleoplasmin (NPM) NLS. KPNA7 shows a predominantly nuclear distribution under steady state conditions, which contrasts with KPNA2 which is primarily cytoplasmic.

Conclusion
KPNA7 is a novel importin α family member in humans that belongs to the importin α2 subfamily. KPNA7 shows different subcellular localization and NLS binding characteristics compared to other members of the importin α family. These properties suggest that KPNA7 could be specialized for interactions with select NLS-containing proteins, potentially impacting developmental regulation.
Comparative transcriptional profiling analysis of the two daughter cells from tobacco zygote reveals the transcriptome differences in the apical and basal cells
Authors: Hu Tian-Xiang , Yu Miao , Zhao Jie 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
In angiosperm, after the first asymmetric zygotic cell division, the apical and basal daughter cells follow distinct development pathways. Global transcriptome analysis of these two cells is essential in understanding their developmental differences. However, because of the difficulty to isolate the in vivo apical and basal cells of two-celled proembryo from ovule and ovary in higher plants, the transcriptome analysis of them hasn't been reported.

Results
In this study, we developed a procedure for isolating the in vivo apical and basal cells of the two-celled proembryo from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and then performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of the two cells by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) combined with macroarray screening. After sequencing, we identified 797 differentially expressed ESTs corresponding to 299 unigenes. Library sequence analysis successfully identified tobacco homologies of genes involved in embryogenesis and seed development. By quantitative real-time PCR, we validated the differential expression of 40 genes, with 6 transcripts of them specifically expressed in the apical or basal cell. Expression analysis also revealed some transcripts displayed cell specific activation in one of the daughter cells after zygote division. These differential expressions were further validated by in situ hybridization (ISH). Tissue expression pattern analysis also revealed some potential roles of these candidate genes in development.

Conclusions
The results show that some differential or specific transcripts in the apical and basal cells of two-celled proembryo were successfully isolated, and the identification of these transcripts reveals that these two daughter cells possess distinct transcriptional profiles after zygote division. Further functional work on these differentially or specifically expressed genes will promote the elucidation of molecular mechanism controlling early embryogenesis.
The characterisation of AOP2: a gene associated with the biosynthesis of aliphatic alkenyl glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Neal Calida S , Fredericks Dale P , Griffiths Cara A , Neale Alan D 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
Glucosinolates, a group of nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds associated with plant-insect interactions, are produced by a number of important Brassicaceae crop species. In Arabidopsis the AOP2 gene plays a role in the secondary modification of aliphatic (methionine-derived) glucosinolates, namely the conversion of methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates to form alkenyl glucosinolates, and also influences aliphatic glucosinolate accumulation.

Results
This study characterises the primary structural variation in the coding sequences of the AOP2 gene and identifies three different AOP2 alleles based on polymorphisms in exon two. To help determine the regulatory mechanisms mediating AOP2 expression amongst accessions, AOP2 5' regulatory regions were also examined however no major differences were identified. Expression of the AOP2 gene was found to be most abundant in leaf and stem tissue and was also found to be light dependent, with a number of light regulatory elements identified in the promoter region of the gene. In addition, a study was undertaken to demonstrate that the Arabidopsis AOP2 gene product is functional in planta. The over-expression of a functional AOP2 allele was found to successfully convert the precursor methylsulfinyl alkyl glucosinolate into the alkenyl form.

Conclusions
The expression of the AOP2 gene has been found to be influenced by light and is most highly expressed in the photosynthetic parts of the Arabidopsis plant. The level of AOP2 transcript decreases rapidly in the absence of light. AOP2 exists as at least three alleles in different Arabidopsis accessions and we have demonstrated that one of these, AOP2-2, is functionally able to convert methylsulfinyl glucosinolates into the alkenyl form. The demonstration of the in planta functionality of the Arabisopsis AOP2 gene is an important step in determining the feasibility of engineering glucosinolate profiles in food plants.
Variant alleles of the CYP1B1 gene are associated with colorectal cancer susceptibility
Authors: Trubicka Joanna , Grabowska-Kłujszo Ewa , Suchy Janina , Masojć Bartłomiej , Serrano-Fernandez Pablo , Kurzawski Grzegorz , Cybulski Cezary , Górski Bohdan , Huzarski Tomasz , Byrski Tomasz , Gronwald Jacek , Złowocka Elżbieta , Kładny Józef , Banaszkiewicz Zbigniew , Wiśniowski Rafał , Kowalska Elżbieta , Lubinski Jan , Scott Rodney J 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Background
CYP1B1 is a P450 enzyme which is involved in the activation of pro-carcinogens to carcinogens as well as sex hormone metabolism. Because differences in the activity of the enzyme have been correlated with variant alleles of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), it represents an attractive candidate gene for studies into colorectal cancer susceptibility.

Methods
We genotyped 597 cancer patients and 597controls for three CYP1B1 SNPs, which have previously been shown to be associated with altered enzymatic activity. Using the three SNPs, eight different haplotypes were constructed. The haplotype frequencies were estimated in cases and controls and then compared. The odds ratio for each tumour type, associated with each haplotype was estimated, with reference to the most common haplotype observed in the controls.

Results
The three SNPs rs10012, rs1056827 and rs1056836 alone did not provide any significant evidence of association with colorectal cancer risk. Haplotypes of rs1056827 and rs10012 or rs1056827 and rs1056836 revealed an association with colorectal cancer which was significantly stronger in the homozygous carriers. One haplotype was under represented in the colorectal cancer patient group compared to the control population suggesting a protective effect.

Conclusion
Genetic variants within the CYP1B1 that are associated with altered function appear to influence susceptibility to a colorectal cancer in Poland. Three haplotypes were associated with altered cancer risk; one conferred protection and two were associated with an increased risk of disease. These observations should be confirmed in other populations.