bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trivial trauma to the cheek: significant complications in the chest
Authors: Shastri Priyanka , Abelardo Edgardo , Prabhu Vinod 
Published: April 2024

A man in his 30s presented to the emergency department with a history of injury to the face with a crowbar. He was discharged from the department, in the absence of any facial bone fractures and given normal examination findings, except for a puncture wound on the mentum. The patient then re-presented within 24 hours with extensive cervical emphysema extending into the mediastinal cavity.He was referred to ear, nose and throat team for further management. CT scan of the chest and neck showed extensive surgical emphysema and a pneumomediastinum. The patient was managed conservatively and recovered well with no significant sequelae.Even in the absence of facial bone fractures, it is imperative to understand the force of impact which should prompt a consideration of imaging of the chest. Appropriate advice regarding avoidance of Valsalva manoeuvres will help prevent extensive propagation of air through the fascial planes that can result in a pneumomediastinum.
The right time: women, medicine and maternal age in 1980s Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Greenhalgh Charlotte 
Published: April 2024

In the late twentieth century, increasing numbers of women in wealthy nations waited until they were aged in their 30s to give birth and become parents. This article examines responses to the changing demographics of maternity among social researchers, doctors, pregnant women and mothers in Aotearoa New Zealand. The article analyses raw research data from historical social survey projectsThe Right Time(interviews completed in 1982–1983) andMotherhood After 30(1987) by the grassroots organisation the Society for Research on Women in New Zealand.Surveys, statistics and increasingly direct evidence from research participants symbolised modern social life in the mid-twentieth century. Yet, in 1966, women in Wellington, New Zealand concluded that they had been largely ignored in this endeavour. A group of volunteers pledged to produce the missing data and therefore improve policy making. This article analyses the Society’s publications and interview schedules to uncover how researchers, medics, pregnant women and mothers forged new connections between age, pregnancy and parenting during the 1980s. During this time, pregnant women advocated for a new model of prepared and mature maternity. A few years on, however, many among them identified the persistence of traditional gender roles that disrupted their plans. At the same time, physicians and public health officials in wealthy nations began to teach women to associate conception at older ages with increased risks, especially of genetic anomalies. Social research archives reveal tensions between these new, population-level recommendations and women’s proactive approaches to planning their lives and families. New Zealand’s distinctive survey records help to explain the impacts of new medical tests, reproductive technologies and public health recommendations in the context of women’s fresh approaches to maternity during the 1980s.
VasCog Screen test: sensitive in detecting cognitive impairment in patients who had a stroke or with heart failure
Authors: Chen Nicole Yun Ching , Tan Melissa Yi Ling , Xu Jing , Zuo Lijun , Dong Yanhong 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionVascular diseases, such as stroke and heart failure (HF), are associated with cognitive decline. Vascular cognitive impairment (CI) is commonly found in patients who had a stroke and with HF, ranging from mild CI to dementia. Early detection of CI is crucial for effective management and rehabilitation. This study aimed to develop the VasCog Screen test, a screening tool to detect CI in patients who had a stroke and with HF.Method427 patients who had a stroke and with HF were assessed using cognitive measures including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and a formal neuropsychological battery. The short-MoCA was derived and combined with Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) to create the VasCog Screen. The discriminatory ability of different tests for CI was compared, establishing optimal cut-off points. Variants of short-MoCA including the SDMT were also evaluated.ResultsSimilar prevalence rates of CI were found in stroke and HF cohorts. The most prevalent neuropsychological impairment was visuomotor speed, followed by visual memory and visuoconstruction. More than half of the patients were found to have CI. The VasCog Screen outperformed MMSE, MoCA and short-MoCA in detecting CI. The addition of SDMT to variants of the short-MoCA increased diagnostic accuracy.ConclusionThe VasCog Screen test offers a cognitive screening tool, which is sensitive to cognitive deficits characteristically found in patients who had a stroke and with HF. It was found to have good sensitivity, specificity and classification accuracy. It is easy to administer in busy clinics, enabling early detection of CI and facilitating appropriate interventions.
Bringing the Genomic Revolution to Comparative Oncology: Human and Dog Cancers
Authors: Cahill James A. , Smith Leslie A. , Gottipati Soumya , Torabi Tina Salehi , Graim Kiley 
Published: April 2024

Dogs are humanity's oldest friend, the first species we domesticated 20,000–40,000 years ago. In this unequaled collaboration, dogs have inadvertently but serendipitously been molded into a potent human cancer model. Unlike many common model species, dogs are raised in the same environment as humans and present with spontaneous tumors with human-like comorbidities, immunocompetency, and heterogeneity. In breast, bladder, blood, and several pediatric cancers, in-depth profiling of dog and human tumors has established the benefits of the dog model. In addition to this clinical and molecular similarity, veterinary studies indicate that domestic dogs have relatively high tumor incidence rates. As a result, there are a plethora of data for analysis, the statistical power of which is bolstered by substantial breed-specific variability. As such, dog tumors provide a unique opportunity to interrogate the molecular factors underpinning cancer and facilitate the modeling of new therapeutic targets. This review discusses the emerging field of comparative oncology, how it complements human and rodent cancer studies, and where challenges remain, given the rapid proliferation of genomic resources. Increasingly, it appears that human's best friend is becoming an irreplaceable component of oncology research.
SMG5 Inhibition Restrains Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth and Enhances Sorafenib Sensitivity
Authors: Fang Nan , Liu Bing , Pan Qiuzhong , Gong Tingting , Zhan Meixiao , Zhao Jingjing , Wang Qijing , Tang Yan , Li Yongqiang , He Jia , Xiang Tong , Sun Fengze , Lu Ligong , Xia Jianchuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a pathogenesis that remains elusive with restricted therapeutic strategies and efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the role of SMG5, a crucial component in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) that degrades mRNA containing a premature termination codon, in HCC pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance. We demonstrated an elevated expression of SMG5 in HCC and scrutinized its potential as a therapeutic target. Our findings revealed that SMG5 knockdown not only inhibited the migration, invasion, and proliferation of HCC cells but also influenced sorafenib resistance. Differential gene expression analysis between the control and SMG5 knockdown groups showed an upregulation of methionine adenosyltransferase 1A in the latter. High expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 1A, a catalyst for S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) production, as suggested by The Cancer Genome Atlas data, was indicative of a better prognosis for HCC. Further, an ELISA showed a higher concentration of SAM in SMG5 knockdown cell supernatants. Furthermore, we found that exogenous SAM supplementation enhanced the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib alongside changes in the expression of Bax and Bcl-2, apoptosis-related proteins. Our findings underscore the important role of SMG5 in HCC development and its involvement in sorafenib resistance, highlighting it as a potential target for HCC treatment.
DROSHA Regulates Mesenchymal Gene Expression in Wilms Tumor
Authors: Tiburcio Patricia D.B. , Desai Kavita , Kim Jiwoong , Zhou Qinbo , Guo Lei , Xiao Xue , Zhou Li , Yuksel Aysen , Catchpoole Daniel R. , Amatruda James F. , Xu Lin , Chen Kenneth S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Wilms tumor, the most common pediatric kidney cancer, resembles embryonic renal progenitors. Currently, there are no ways to therapeutically target Wilms tumor driver mutations, such as in the microRNA processing gene DROSHA. In this study, we used a “multiomics” approach to define the effects of DROSHA mutation in Wilms tumor. We categorized Wilms tumor mutations into four mutational subclasses with unique transcriptional effects: microRNA processing, MYCN activation, chromatin remodeling, and kidney developmental factors. In particular, we find that DROSHA mutations are correlated with de-repressing microRNA target genes that regulate differentiation and proliferation and a self-renewing, mesenchymal state. We model these findings by inhibiting DROSHA expression in a Wilms tumor cell line, which led to upregulation of the cell cycle regulator cyclin D2 (CCND2). Furthermore, we observed that DROSHA mutations in Wilms tumor and DROSHA silencing in vitro were associated with a mesenchymal state with aberrations in redox metabolism. Accordingly, we demonstrate that Wilms tumor cells lacking microRNAs are sensitized to ferroptotic cell death through inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4, the enzyme that detoxifies lipid peroxides.
Implications: This study reveals genotype–transcriptome relationships in Wilms tumor and points to ferroptosis as a potentially therapeutic vulnerability in one subset of Wilms tumor.
The Public Legitimacy of Multistakeholder Partnerships in Global Environmental Governance: Evidence from Survey Experiments in Brazil, the United Kingdom, and the United States
Authors: Koliev Faradj , Bäckstrand Karin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMultistakeholder partnerships (MSPs) in global environmental governance are either praised for their problem-solving capacities and inclusion of various societal actors or criticized for their limited accountability and corporate dominance. Despite the lively scholarly debate and the continued promotion of MSPs by international organizations and governments, knowledge about how environmental MSPs are perceived by the public is very limited. Understanding the sources of public support for MSPs is important, given its crucial role in MSPs’ abilities to secure resources and achieve their goals. In this article, we evaluate whether and how institutional features of MSPs influence citizens’ legitimacy beliefs. Building on previous studies, we theorize which institutional dimensions of MSPs matter for citizens’ level of support. We conduct population-based survey experiments in Brazil, the United Kingdom, and the United States, encompassing more than 6,000 respondents. The results from the survey experiments have substantive implications for our understanding of the role of MSPs.
Generative AI and Social Media May Exacerbate the Climate Crisis
Authors: van der Ven Hamish , Corry Diego , Elnur Rawie , Provost Viola Jasmine , Syukron Muh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The contributions of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and social media to the climate crisis are often underestimated. To date, much of the focus has been on direct emissions associated with the life cycle of tech products. In this forum article, we argue that this narrow focus misses the adverse and indirect impacts of generative AI and social media on the climate. We outline some of the indirect ways in which generative AI and social media undermine the optimism, focus, creativity, and veracity required to address the climate crisis. Our aim is twofold. First, we seek to balance the tide of optimism about the role of digitalization in addressing the climate crisis by offering a skeptic’s perspective. Second, we outline a new research agenda that moves beyond counting directly attributable carbon emissions and proposes a more comprehensive accounting of the indirect ways in which social media and generative AI adversely impact the sociopolitical conditions required to address the climate crisis.
Machina Aesthetica: Impressions on Art in and out of the Machine Age
Authors: Chan Paul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Paul Chan reflects on his experiences as an artist working in and out of domains of technology, from truetype fonts and pirated software to datasets and machine-learning frameworks. He recounts periods of his artistic life when he abandoned technologies as instruments of production. And he offers an idiosyncratic account of a lineage of artists and writers he admires who used and abused technology in aspects of their work—including Agnès Varda, Chris Marker, the Left Bank Group in 1960s, Yvonne Rainer, Theodor Adorno and the Radio Research Project; the bio-cybernetic work of free-jazz musician, programmer, and artist Milford Graves; the pioneering sound work of Maryanne Amacher; and the writer Claudia La Rocco—and how their dynamic and at times contentious relationship with technology proved vital to their understanding of what art under the influence of historical and social progress looks like.
Islamic Multiplicities in Kashmir: Debates about the Food Practices of a XVIth-Century Sufi Saint and the Modern Cult
Authors: Khalid Zubair , Yousuf Muneeb 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The spread of Islam to the South Asian region of Kashmir and its role in shaping the socio-religious and political contours in the region is a highly charged debate in academic as well as popular circles. This article examines the early modern debates about the vegetarian food practices of a sixteenth-century Sufi saint of Kashmir, Baba Hyder Rishi (b. 1504) and contemporary debates around the modern cult mainly centered around his shrine in the Anantnag (locally known as Islamabad) town of south Kashmir. It is divided into two parts; the first focuses on debates during the saint’s own lifetime and the second analyses modern debates about what has by now emerged as a cult around the saint’s shrine. We begin with a critical re-evaluation of the wide-spread notion that the saint’s practice of vegetarianism was, much like his predecessors in the local Rīshī Sufi order, grounded in local Buddhist-Hindu customs and thus exemplifies the syncretic nature of Islam in Kashmir. Instead, we argue that both the defence and contestation of the saint’s practice as well its modern cult was and continues to be located within the Islamic tradition itself. We use this discussion for a critical reflection on the widely prevalent idea of religious syncretism in Kashmir and the over-simplified and ahistorical view of Islam as a monolith, and then explore the possibility of using Islamic ‘multiplicity’ as an alternate analytical category.
Usefulness of the C-Reactive Protein (CRP)-Albumin-Lymphocyte (CALLY) Index as a Prognostic Indicator for Patients With Gastric Cancer
Authors: Nakashima Keigo , Haruki Koichiro , Kamada Teppei , Takahashi Junji , Tsunematsu Masashi , Ohdaira Hironori , Furukawa Kenei , Suzuki Yutaka , Ikegami Toru 
Published: April 2024

Background The C-reactive protein (CRP)-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index is a novel immune nutrition scoring system associated with cancer prognosis. This study investigated the association between the CALLY index and the long-term outcomes of patients with gastric cancer. Methods We included 175 patients with gastric cancer who underwent curative gastrectomies at the Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital between January 2011 and October 2019. The CALLY index was calculated based on the levels of serum albumin, serum CRP, and peripheral lymphocyte count. Utilizing both univariate and multivariate analyses, the prognostic value of the CALLY index was investigated. Results In the multivariate analyses, disease stage (hazard ratio [HR], 7.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.31-18.6; P < .01), microvascular invasion (HR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.30-6.36; P < .01), and low CALLY index (HR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.00-4.76; P = .05) were independent and significant predictors of disease-free survival. Low body mass index (HR, 4.15; 95% CI, 1.63-10.6; P < .01), advanced disease stage (HR, 8.22; 95% CI, 3.47-19.5; P < .01), and low CALLY index (HR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.3-6.93; P = .01) were independent and significant predictors of overall survival. The low CALLY index group had a lower body mass index ( P < .01), advanced disease stage ( P < .01), and a higher Glasgow prognostic score ( P < .01). Conclusions The CALLY index may be associated with a poor prognosis for gastric cancer, highlighting the utility of a comprehensive assessment using inflammatory, nutritional, and immunological statuses.
Percutaneous cholecystostomy in acute complicated versus uncomplicated cholecystitis; is there a difference in outcomes? A single-center experience
Authors: Ali Tariq , Al-Thaher Ahmad , Chan Karen Man Yan , Al-Alwani Zahra , Moussa Amr , Tan Kelvin 
Published: April 2024

Background Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is a therapeutic intervention for acute cholecystitis. The benefits of cholecystostomy have been demonstrated in the medical literature, with up to 90% of acute cholecystitis cases shown to resolve postoperatively, and only 40% of patients subsequently undergoing an interval cholecystectomy. Purpose To compare the survival outcomes between acute complicated and uncomplicated cholecystitis in patients undergoing PC as an initial intervention, as there is a paucity of evidence in the literature on this perspective. Material and Methods A retrospective search was conducted of all patients who underwent PC for acute cholecystitis between August 2016 and December 2020 at a tertiary institution. A total of 100 patients were included in this study. Results The outcome, in the form of 30-day mortality, 90-day mortality, being alive after six months, and reintervention, was compared between complicated and uncomplicated cases using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. There was no statistically significant difference in any of the compared outcomes. The only variable that showed a statistically significant association with the risk of mortality was acute kidney injury (AKI) at admission. Patients who had stage 1, 2, or 3 AKI had a higher hazard for mortality as compared to patients with no kidney disease. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that PC is a safe and effective procedure. Mortality is not affected by the presence of complications. The results have, however, highlighted the importance of recognizing and treating AKI, an independent risk factor affecting mortality.
Finite element and experimental analysis of surface integrity and surface roughness of precision machining SiCp/Al
Authors: Chen Shuang , Lu Mingming , Lin Jieqiong , Liu Qiang , Du Yongsheng , Zhao Shixin 
Published: April 2024

The silicon carbide particle-reinforced matrix composites, or SiCp/Al, have excellent mechanical qualities, but producing them is quite difficult since the SiC particles’ and the Al matrix’s properties differ greatly from one another. During the cutting process, the Ra local oscillation phenomena takes place; that is, surface roughness seems to grow, decrease, and then increase as the cutting depth increases within a particular cutting depth range while maintaining the same cutting speed and feed. To find out why this behavior occurred, a cutting experiment and a simulation analysis of SiCp/Al composites were performed. Tests were conducted to find out how varied cutting depths affected surface roughness, and a finite element model for two-dimensional cutting was created. Based on the data, it can be concluded that Ra’s local oscillation phenomena is responsible for the surface quality at various cutting speeds. At 100 mm/s, 200 mm/s, 300 mm/s, and 400 mm/s, respectively, the mutation’s surface quality improved by 29.6%, 14.3%, 19.6%, and 30.7% prior to the cutting depth. The analysis is justified by the fact that the depth of cut is increasing, the way in which particles are removed has changed and the percentage of scratches appears to be decreasing. As aluminium is a plastic material, plastic deformation occurs during cutting by the sub-cutting edge of the extrusion, coating the machined surfaces and producing fine cracks rather than plough furrows. In a sense, increasing the cutting thickness results in larger chips, more force on the particles in the cutting path and easier removal. At the same time, it reduces the width of the chip in future cuts, improving the surface quality of the process.
Anti-Black Medical Gaslighting in Healthcare: Experiences of Black Women in Canada
Authors: Boakye Priscilla N. , Prendergast Nadia , Bailey Annette , Sharon McCleod , Bandari Bahareh , Odutayo Awura-ama , Anane Brown Eugenia 
Published: April 2024

Background Stereotype about Black people contribute to nurses and healthcare providers gaslighting and dismissing of their health concerns. Despite the popularity of the term medical gaslighting in mainstream literature, few studies have explored the experiences of Black women during pregnancy and childbirth. Purpose This paper aims to provide an in-depth insight into Black women's experiences of anti-Black medical gaslighting when accessing care during pregnancy and childbirth. Methods Utilizing qualitative methods, we conducted 24 semi-structured interviews with Black women in the Greater Toronto Area. We used thematic analysis to ground the data analysis and to generate insight into Black women's experiences. Results Three overarching themes: 1) Not Being Understood: Privileging of Medical Knowledge Contributing to the Downplaying of Health Concerns, 2) Not Being Believed: Stereotypes Contributing to Dismissive Healthcare Encounters and 3) Listen to Us: Turning off the Cycle of Medical Gaslighting. These themes highlight ways anti-Black medical gaslighting manifests in Black women's healthcare encounters to create differential access to treatment and care. Conclusions Anti-Black medical gaslighting contributes to differential access to treatment and care. Improving equitable access to treatment and care must involve addressing structural and epistemic biases in healthcare and fostering a culture of listening to humanize the experience of illness.