bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 647: Use of statin and risk of prostate cancer recurrence among patients who received radical prostatectomy
Authors: Chao Chun R. , Xu Lanfang , Wallner Lauren P. , Porter Kimberly P. , Jacobsen Steven , Williams Stephen G. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Background: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (“statins”) have shown broad-spectrum anti-cancer properties in laboratory studies. In epidemiologic studies, statin use has been linked to reduced risk of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). We investigated whether statin use is associated with reduced risk of recurrence in PCa patients who received radical prostatectomy. Methods: All men with incident PCa diagnosed between 2004-2005 who subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy in Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) health plan were identified using KPSC's accredited cancer registry. Exclusion criteria included &lt;24 months prior KPSC membership, use of neoadjuvant therapy, and stage 4 disease. Subjects were followed for 5 years after prostatectomy for: (1) Biochemical recurrence, defined as a single PSA measurement &gt;0.2 ng/ml; and (2) clinical disease progression, defined as diagnosis of metastatic disease (identified using ICD-9 codes) or PCa-related death (i.e., PCa as primary cause of death). Information on statin use, demographics, co-morbid conditions, pathoclinical prognostic factors, e.g., stage and Gleason score, and outcomes were obtained from cancer registry and electronic medical records. The effects of statin use prior to and after prostatectomy were both examined using bivariate and multivariable Cox models, adjusting for known prognostic factors. For post-operative statin exposure, a time-dependent Cox model was used. Results: A total of 1192 men were included; 38% had pre-operative and 55% had post-operative statin use. Neither pre- nor post-operative statin use was associated with risk of any outcome, as there was no evidence of a clear dose-response relationship (Table). Conclusion: These data suggest that despite statin's protective effect in developing PCa, statin use may not prevent PCa progression.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 647. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-647
Abstract 661: Physical activity, sitting time, and postmenopausal breast cancer risk by histopathologic characteristics in a large US cohort
Authors: Patel Alpa V. , Hildebrand Janet S. , Gaudet Mia M. , Teras Lauren R. , Campbell Peter T. , Gapstur Susan M. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
There is convincing evidence that physical activity is associated with lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, likely through its impact on circulating sex hormones, improved insulin sensitivity, and/or weight control. However, the relationship between time spent sitting and breast cancer is not well-defined. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the relationship of physical activity or sitting time with postmenopausal breast cancer varies by histopathologic characteristics of the tumor (defined by stage, histology, or estrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status), use of postmenopausal hormones (PMH), or body mass index (BMI). Therefore, we examined recreational physical activity and leisure-time spent sitting in relation to breast cancer risk among 73,608 postmenopausal women who were cancer-free and enrolled in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) Nutrition Cohort, a prospective study of cancer incidence and mortality that began in 1992. From 1992-2007, 4,622 incident breast cancer cases were identified. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to compute rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) while adjusting for potential confounders including age, race, education, BMI, PMH use, and other breast cancer risk factors. Women who engaged in the highest amount of physical activity (&gt;42 MET-hours/week) had 22% lower risk of breast cancer compared to women with the least activity (0-&lt;7 MET-hours/week) (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.63-0.95; trend p=0.09). Women who walked an hour per day were 15% less likely to develop breast cancer during follow-up compared to women who walked fewer than 3 hours per week (95% CI 0.76-0.95). Sitting time was not associated with breast cancer risk (RR=0.98, 95% CI 0.89-1.09 for 6+ vs &lt;3 hours/day spent sitting). When examining associations by stage, the association between physical activity and breast cancer risk was only observed for localized breast cancer (RR=0.67, 95% CI 0.51-0.89; trend p=0.03), and not for in situ or regional/distant stage. The association did not differ by histology or ER/PR status. The association between physical activity and risk was not modified by BMI (interaction p=0.73) or by PMH (interaction p=0.74), although the lower RR associated with the highest level of physical activity was noted only in non-users of PMH. These findings provide further evidence that physical activity is associated with lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer and that the benefits of physical activity do not appear to be limited to any specific subgroup of women.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 661. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-661
Abstract 674: A pilot study of physical activity and breast cancer risk in Africa
Authors: Hou Ningqi , Gakwaya Antony , Ndom Paul , Ojengbede Oladosu , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Huo Dezheng 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Background: As a modifiable risk factor, physical activity (PA) has been linked to breast cancer, and there is cumulative evidence for a beneficial effect of PA on breast cancer risk. However, most of the studies were conducted in developed countries, with little knowledge on PA level and its relation to breast cancer risk among indigenous African populations, where breast cancer may have unique etiology. Methods: We used preliminary data from the African Breast Cancer Study (ABCS), a recently launched, multicenter case-control study, conducted in Cameroon, Nigeria, and Uganda in Africa. After consulting with native investigators in Africa, we developed a physical activity questionnaire to assess the type, frequency, intensity, and duration of various activities. Based on the questionnaire, we calculated sub-scores of housework PA, occupational PA, and leisure PA, as well as a total PA score estimating daily energy expenditure (MET-hours/day). Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the relationship between the total score and sub-scores of PA and case-control status, age, and study sites. Results: To date, 98 cases and 120 controls have been enrolled and the PA questionnaires were administered. The mean age was 48.6 years, ranging from 19-84 years. The overall PA score averaged at 29.6 MET-hours/day, mainly composed by housework PA (an average of 20.5 MET-hours/day) and occupational PA (an average of 16.2 MET-hours/day), with relatively low level of leisure PA (an average of 1.3 MET-hours/day). PA scores were the highest in the Cameroon study site, and the lowest in the Nigerian study site. PA score varied by age, but there was no clear trend. In the multivariable regression model, case-control status was significantly associated with the total PA score: cases were estimated to have 14.0 MET-hours/day lower PA compared to controls, after adjusting for age and study site (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: African women's physical activity mainly consists of housework activities and work-related activities, with little activities conducted for recreational purposes. The preliminary data show physical activity may be significantly associated with reduced breast cancer risk, but further investigation and a larger sample size are to be followed.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 674. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-674
Abstract 690: Discovery and preliminary validation of novel early detection biomarkers for triple-negative breast cancer using preclinical plasma samples from the Women's Health Initiative observational study
Authors: Li Christopher I. , Mirus Justin , Zhang Yuzheng , McIntosh Martin W. , Lampe Paul D. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Background: One approach to develop new tools for detecting cancer early is through the identification and validation of blood-based cancer specific biomarkers. In applying this approach to breast cancer one potential challenge is the disease's considerable heterogeneity. Triple-negative (TN) breast cancer is a particularly lethal breast cancer subtype that is known to have a unique biology. Consequently, there is a clinical need to discover early detection biomarkers for TN disease, and such biomarkers may be more readily identifiable given the more aggressive nature and growth patterns of these tumors. Objective: To discover and initially validate novel TN breast cancer specific early detection biomarkers using preclinical plasma samples. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study of TN breast cancer within the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study (OS) consisting of 28 TN cases whose blood was drawn 17 months prior to their breast cancer diagnosis and an equal number of matched controls. The 28 matched sets were equally divided into a training set, used for discovery, and an independent test set, used for validation, and interrogated using a customized antibody microarray. Results: In the training set, of the 915 antibodies assessed, 55 (6.0%) were statistically significantly different between cases and controls at p&lt;0.05 and in the test set 128 (14.0%) were statistically different. Of the 55 candidates identified in the training set, 15 were validated in the test set at p&lt;0.05. Of these 15 candidates, 13 had higher levels in cases compared to controls. The candidates with the strongest signals included myosin-5A (log2 ratio=1.26), arfaptin-2 (log2 ratio=1.02), integrin-beta1 (log2 ratio=0.99), phosphoserine aminotransferase (log2 ratio=0.94), beta-catenin (log2 ratio=0.92), mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (log2 ratio=0.90), and IGFBP-2 (log2 ratio=−1.18). Conclusions: Several unique, novel candidate early detection biomarkers specific to TN breast cancer were discovered and initially validated in preclinical samples. These findings warrant validation in additional sets of TN cases and controls to further evaluate their potential clinical significance.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 690. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-690
Abstract 691: Estrogen receptor mRNA level in breast cancer predicts response to tamoxifen
Authors: Bordeaux Jennifer , Cheng Huan , Welsh Allison , Haffty Bruce , Lannin Donald , Wu Xingyong , Su Nan , Ma Xiao-Jun , Luo Yuling , Rimm David 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
PURPOSE: Quantification of mRNA has historically been done by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Recently, a robust method of detection of mRNA utilizing in situ hybridization has been described that is linear and shows high specificity with low background. Here we describe the use of the AQUA method of quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) for measuring mRNA in situ using ESR1 (the estrogen receptor alpha gene) in breast cancer to determine its predictive value compared to Estrogen Receptor ≤ (ER) protein. METHODS: Messenger RNA for ER (ESR1) and Ubiquitin C (UbC) were visualized using RNAscope probes and levels were quantified by quantitative in situ hybridization (qISH) on two Yale breast cancer cohorts on tissue microarrays. ESR1 levels were compared to ER protein levels measured by QIF using the SP1 antibody. RESULTS: ESR1 mRNA is reproducibly and specifically measurable by qISH on tissue collected from 1993 or later. ESR1 levels were correlated to ER protein levels in a non-linear manner on two Yale cohorts. High levels of ESR1 were found to be predictive of response to tamoxifin. CONCLUSION: Quantification of mRNA using qISH may allow assessment of large cohorts with minimal formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. Exploratory data using this method suggests that measurement of ESR1 mRNA levels may be predictive of response to endocrine therapy in a manner that is different from the predictive value of ER. Further studies are underway using tissue microarrays from other institutions to determine how tissue age affects this assay.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 691. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-691
Abstract 693: Development of a protein-based functional assay for the determination of BRCA1 carrier status
Authors: Bathurst Lauren E. , Uy Paolo , Feilotter Harriet , Davey Scott 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
While most breast cancers are sporadic, 5-10% are hereditary and attributable to the presence of a mutation in the breast cancer associated gene 1 (BRCA1). The BRCA1 gene encodes a tumour suppressor with several well described roles in maintaining genomic integrity, such as cell cycle checkpoint control and DNA repair. BRCA1 is also known to play a role in the differentiation of breast epithelial cells. Given the high risk of cancer development associated with BRCA1 mutation carriers, it is important that they be identified early and accurately. Previous work in our lab developed a novel functional assay to predict BRCA1 status based on gene expression profiles. That study analyzed EBV-transformed lymphocyte cell lines (LCLs) of BRCA1 mutation carriers (BRCA1+/−) and controls (BRCA1+/+) and found that lymphocytes from BRCA1 carriers could be distinguished with high fidelity (∼90% accuracy) from individuals with two wild type copies of the gene. Interestingly, it was found that many of the genes used to distinguish BRCA1 mutation carriers were also markers of differentiation in blood cells. We are now using this information to develop a flow cytometric protein-based biomarker assay. To do this, our transcriptome microarray data was analyzed to identify genes with strong edictability of BRCA1 status, including genes with known roles in lymphocyte differentiation such as TBX21 and CXCR3. These genes were then used to model the assay in-silico using a training set of data comprised of 53 LCLs. The model was designed by selecting genes both up- and down-regulated in BRCA1 carriers, placing them in pairs and looking at the ratio of their expression values. This model was subsequently validated using a test data set comprising 16 LCLs. Overall accuracy of the model was 94%, correctly predicting 54/59 LCLs. Based on in-silico modelling, we chose six antibodies to develop the assay. To identify other candidate proteins, LCL lysates were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). The results identified several other candidate proteins for assay development including IgG1, IgD, BCR and MX1. Interestingly, as was the case in our transcriptome analysis, these MS identified proteins also suggested that BRCA1 mutation carriers displayed defects in cellular differentiation. This was indicated by the higher expression of surface markers in responding to less differentiated B-lymphocytes in comparison with controls. Ultimately, the assay will be applied to fresh patient blood samples with the expectation that it will become an assay that can be implemented in a clinical setting to provide accurate identification of BRCA1 mutation carriers and aid in disease management.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 693. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-693
Abstract 698: Overexpression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor correlates with high tumor grade in human breast invasive carcinomas
Authors: Eltom Sakina E. , Prins Petra , Olivares Maria G. , Ballard Billy R. , Johnson Kimberly N. , Granja-Ingram Nara D. , Agboto Vincent K. , Ding Tan 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor which binds environmental poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and mediates their carcinogenic effects. Recent reports, including data from our laboratory implicate AhR in breast cancer development and progression independent of the receptor occupancy by PAH. In this study we investigated the potential of AhR as a stage specific marker of breast cancer. We examined the expression of AhR by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays (TMA) containing 192 specimens of clinically defined three stages of invasive breast cancer: node-negative (NN), node-positive (NP) and metastatic (Met) carcinoma. The TMA were obtained from the National Cancer Institute Cooperative Breast Cancer Tissue Resource [NCI-CBCTR] and were stained for AhR using high affinity antibody. The AhR staining was then scored by three evaluators, including two pathologists who were blinded to the study. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between the AhR expression and the carcinoma case type (NN, NP or Met) (p-value of ANOVA is &lt; 0.0003), and although there is a significant difference of AhR expression among carcinoma case type of white women (p&lt; 0.0017) there is no significant difference for black women (p&lt;0.0968). There is also a strong positive correlation between the receptor expression and the tumor grade (p &lt;0.0001). While there is no correlation with the status of estrogen or progesterone receptors (p= 0.1643 and 0.1884, respectively), there is strong correlation of high AhR expression and invasive breast carcinoma in women over 50 years old (p&lt;0.0043). In conclusion, our findings identify the AhR as a new predictive clinical marker for metastatic breast cancer and a unique target for the design of novel selective inhibitors for therapeutic intervention of metastatic breast cancer. More importantly, the AhR overexpression identifies a subset of patients who could benefit from therapy targeting this receptor.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 698. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-698
Abstract 701: TUMOR lymphocyte infiltration, expression of CD4, CD8, FOXP3, CD34 molecules and their relationship with tumor evolution after primary treatment in breast cancer patients
Authors: Rico María J. , Rozados Viviana R. , Herrera Cintia , Alasino Carlos M. , Roig Laura M. Vargas , Gago Francisco E. , Tello Olga , Nocito Ana L. , Roggero Eduardo , Scharovsky Olga G. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Considering that, approximately, only half of breast cancer patients respond to present therapies, a better knowledge of breast cancer biology, one of the most common neoplasms in women, will enable to design better therapeutic approaches. It has been proposed that different tumor characteristics like inflammatory infiltrate intensity, number of T regulatory (Tregs) cells and density of tumor vasculature could be useful to anticipate the response to therapy. Our aim was: a) to analyze the lymphocytic infiltrate and the expression of CD4, CD8, CD34 (endothelial marker) and Foxp3 (Treg marker) in primary tumors of breast cancer patients, and b) to relate them with clinical evolution (disease free: DF or relapsed: R) after 5 years from the primary treatment (surgery). There were analyzed archive samples of ductal mammary tumors (n=27), mostly in stages I and II. The expression of CD4 and CD8 in intra- and peri-tumoral lymphocytes was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and confirmed by confocal microcopy; also the expression of Foxp3 in lymphocytes and tumor cells and CD34 in endothelial cells was evaluated by IHC. The lymphocytic infiltrate was assessed in histological sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The quantification was done in 20 high magnification fields and a score ranging from 0 (null) to 6 (high) was utilized. In DF patients (n=22) the intratumoral lymphocytic infiltrate (median [range]: 3 [0-6]) was more intense than that of R patients (n=5), (2 [0-2]), (P=0.05). For CD4, CD8, CD34 and Foxp3 molecules no differences between groups of patients were observed, being their expression highly variable: the score for CD34 varied from 1 to 6 and for the other three molecules from 0 to 6, in either group. In conclusion, the presence of an intense intratumoral lymphocytic infiltrate could be a prognostic marker of good response to treatment, at least in the first 5 years after surgery. These results warrant the study of higher number of tumor samples, since its confirmation could give support for its use in the clinical setting.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 701. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-701