bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐phase trace‐driven simulation (TPTS): a fast multicore processor architecture simulation approach
Authors: Lee Hyunjin , Jin Lei , Lee Kiyeon , Demetriades Socrates , Moeng Michael , Cho Sangyeun 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSimulation is indispensable in computer architecture research. Researchers increasingly resort to detailed architecture simulators to identify performance bottlenecks, analyze interactions among different hardware and software components, and measure the impact of new design ideas on the system performance. However, the slow speed of conventional execution‐driven architecture simulators is a serious impediment to obtaining desirable research productivity. This paper describes a novel fast multicore processor architecture simulation framework calledTwo‐Phase Trace‐driven Simulation(TPTS), which splits detailed timing simulation into a trace generation phase and a trace simulation phase. Much of the simulation overhead caused by uninteresting architectural events is only incurred once during the cycle‐accurate simulation‐based trace generation phase and can be omitted in the repeated trace‐driven simulations. We report our experiences withtsim, an event‐driven multicore processor architecture simulator that models detailed memory hierarchy, interconnect, and coherence protocol based on the TPTS framework. By applying aggressive event filtering,tsimachieves an impressive simulation speed of 146 millions of simulated instructions per second, when running 16‐thread parallel applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐adaptation of service level in distributed systems
Authors: Philippe Jeremy , De Palma Noel , Boyer Fabienne , Gruber et Olivier 
Published: January 2010

AbstractModern distributed systems are diverse and dynamic, and consequently difficult to manage using traditional approaches, which rely on an extensive initial knowledge of the system. On the performance front, these systems often offer multiple opportunities for dynamically degrading or improving service level based on workload intensity, to avoid overload and underload. In this context, we propose a novel approach for building distributed systems capable of autonomously deciding when and how to adapt service level. Our approach limits the knowledge that must be provided manually to a component‐based representation of the system. From this representation, we build and maintain a performance profile, which allows us to (1) identify the most promising adaptations based on workload type and (2) dynamically characterize the intrinsic efficiency of each adaptation based on past attempts. We have successfully implemented and evaluated a prototype of our approach in the context of multi‐tiered application servers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inclusions Generated during Ingot Casting of Tool Steel
Authors: Ragnarsson L. , Sichen D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn industrial trial study was carried out at Uddeholm Tooling AB, Sweden, to investigate the mechanisms of the formation of inclusions, especially macro inclusions during ingot casting. Strong evidence of reoxidation was observed. Two types of inclusions generated during casting were detected in the ingot. Inclusions of Type C1 originated from mould powder with reoxidation product Al2O3 as a part of it. Inclusions of this type were usually small. The number of Type C1 inclusions increased from the centre of the ingot toward the side wall of the mould. Type C2 inclusions were macro size. They could be the results of reoxidation and erosion of runner.
Kinetics of Precipitation in a Complex Hot‐work Tool Steel
Authors: Sonderegger B. , Kozeschnik E. , Leitner H. , Clemens H. , Svoboda J. , Fischer F. D. , Staron P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRecently, a novel model has been developed for simulation of the evolution of spherical precipitates in multi‐component, multi‐phase systems. Contrary to classical approaches, the kinetic model scales linearly with the complexity of the system and it is, thus, particularly suitable for complex industrial applications. In the present paper, features and capabilities of the new approach are demonstrated on the example of the heat treatment and thermal ageing of an industrial tool steel. The model predictions are compared to comprehensive experimental data. Model performance, predictive capabilities and limitations are discussed.
Activities of FexO in CaO‐(Na2O)0.1875(K2O)0.0625(Al2O3)0.25(SiO2)0.5‐FexO Pseudo‐Ternary Slags
Authors: Ozawa H. , Hasegawa M. , Kashiwaya Y. , Iwase M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractActivities of FexO in CaO‐(Na2O)0.1875(K2O)0.0625(Al2O3)0.25(SiO2)0.5‐FexO pseudo‐ternary slags were determined at 1673K by using a solid‐oxide galvanic cell;

The substitution of (Na2O)0.1875(K2O)0.0625(Al2O3)0.25(SiO2)0.5 for CaO has an effect of raising the FexO activities.
Use of Computational Thermodynamic Calculations in Studying the Slag/Steel Equilibrium during Vacuum Degassing
Authors: Doostmohammadi H. , Andersson M. , Karasev A. , Jönsson P.G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe effectiveness of a ladle refining process for production of tool steel with focus on the top slag is studied using computational thermodynamic calculations. The theoretical assessment was based on compositional data of steel and slag samples collected during trials in a plant equipped with a 65‐t EAF, a ladle furnace and a vacuum degasser. The calculation of slag‐metal equilibrium during ladle treatment was performed for top slag excluding (Case A) and including (Case B) slag carryover and deoxidation products. The predictions showed that slag carryover and deoxidation products in the ladle significantly affect the composition of the top slag. Thus, these conditions must be taken into consideration when predicting the actual top slag composition. It was also found that it is possible to predict the final aluminium and sulphur content in steel based on the same calculation approach.
Testing coupling relationships in object‐oriented programs
Authors: Alexander Roger T. , Offutt Jeff , Stefik Andreas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAs we move toward developing object‐oriented (OO) programs, the complexity traditionally found in functions and procedures is moving to the connections among components. Different faults occur when components are integrated to form higher‐level structures that aggregate the behavior and state. Consequently, we need to place more effort on testing the connections among components. Although OO technologies provide abstraction mechanisms for building components that can then be integrated to form applications, it also adds new compositional relations that can contain faults. This paper describes techniques for analyzing and testing the polymorphic relationships that occur in OO software. The techniques adapt traditional data flow coverage criteria to consider definitions and uses among state variables of classes, particularly in the presence of inheritance, dynamic binding, and polymorphic overriding of state variables and methods. The application of these techniques can result in an increased ability to find faults and to create an overall higher quality software. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of feeding raw or extruded feline diets on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of African wildcats (Felis lybica)
Authors: Vester Brittany M. , Burke Sarah L. , Liu Kari J. , Dikeman Cheryl L. , Simmons Lee G. , Swanson Kelly S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe African wildcat is one of the closest ancestors to the domestic cat and is believed to have similar nutrient requirements, but research is lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding a high‐protein extruded kibble diet vs. a raw meat diet on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, and blood metabolite concentrations in African wildcats. Five wildcats were randomized onto either a high‐protein (>50% crude protein) extruded kibble diet or a raw meat diet. The study was executed as a crossover design, with 21‐d periods, consisting of a 16‐d adaptation phase followed by a 4‐d total fecal and urine collection phase. Cats were housed individually in metabolism cages and fed to maintain body weight (BW). A fresh fecal sample was collected for short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) and branched‐chain fatty acid (BCFA) analyses. Blood was analyzed for serum chemistry and leptin concentration. Food intake (as is) did not differ (P>0.05) between diets. Food intake and fecal output (g/d DMB) were greater (P<0.05) when cats consumed the kibble diet. Protein digestibility was higher (P<0.05) when cats were fed the raw meat diet vs. the kibble diet. Nitrogen intake was greater (P<0.05) when cats consumed the kibble diet, and more (P<0.05) nitrogen was present in the feces; however, the percentage of nitrogen retained and nitrogen balance did not differ (P>0.05). Fecal scores, ammonia, SCFA, and BCFA concentrations did not differ (P>0.05) between diets. Fecal butyrate molar ratio was higher (P<0.01) when cats consumed the kibble diet. Blood analyses demonstrated few differences between diets, but alanine aminotransferase activity and bicarbonate were higher (P<0.05) when cats consumed the commercial raw meat diet. Owing to lack of differences, these data indicate that African wildcats can readily utilize a high protein extruded kibble diet, and may be able to replace a commercial raw meat diet. Zoo Biol 29:676–686, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tool‐like behavior in the sixbar wrasse, Thalassoma hardwicke (Bennett, 1830)
Authors: Paśko Łukasz 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThere are only a few documented cases of the use of either tools or substrates (anvils) as pseudotools in fishes. Described here is an anvil behavior of a labrid fish, Thalassoma hardwicke, observed under aquarium conditions. This fish was fed with pellets that are too large to swallow and too hard to break up into manageable bits using jaws only. The observed individual carried a pellet to an anvil to break it up into pieces small enough to be swallowed. This feeding behavior was frequently repeated (observed in detail about 15 times), nearly always successful, and remarkably consistent, suggesting that the rock selected for an anvil is remembered and its functional qualities or other factors may play a part in its choice. These observations agree with evidence for other advanced cognitive abilities in members of the genus Thalassoma and suggest that, for welfare demand, rocks with rough surfaces should be provided to these fish, especially when they receive hard food for variety. Zoo Biol 29:767–773, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation and Growth of Micelles in Dilute Aqueous CTAB Solutions in the Presence of NaNO3 and NaClO3
Authors: Kuperkar Ketan , Abezgauz Ludmila , Prasad Kamlesh , Bahadur P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSelf‐assembly of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in aqueous solution, in the presence of two inorganic salts viz, NaNO3 and NaClO3 was investigated by steady‐state fluorescence, electrical conductance, surface tension, viscosity, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryogenic transmission microscopy (cryo‐TEM). The counterions located at short enough distances to CTA+ micellar surface experience a very strong electrostatic attraction and thus become condensed. This counterion condensation plays a significant role in deciding the effective charge on the micelle, their screening interaction and structural transition of the micelles. In the present work, the probable mechanism of the salts' action in aqueous solution of CTAB is explained. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), area per molecule (Å2), micelle hydrodynamic diameter (Dh), and aggregation number (Nagg) of CTAB micelles in the absence and presence of the salts are reported. The addition of both salts followed the lyotropic series and showed a remarkable decrease in CMC. A detailed investigation of the structural transitions from spherical to rod or even to entangled wormlike structures is presented from cryoTEM.
Synthesis, Characterization and Free Radical Scavenging Properties of Rosmarinic Acid Fatty Esters
Authors: Lecomte Jérôme , Giraldo Luis Javier López , Laguerre Mickaël , Baréa Bruno , Villeneuve Pierre 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe hydrophobation of rosmarinic acid with saturated aliphatic primary alcohols of various chain lengths (methanol to eicosanol) was achieved via an acid‐catalyzed esterification in the presence of a highly acidic sulfonic resin. The resulting alkyl rosmarinates were isolated, characterized and their global free radical scavenging activity was determined by the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl method in the stationary state. Only the dodecyl ester showed a stronger activity than rosmarinic acid.
The Moderating Effects of Involvement on the Relationships between Satisfaction, Trust and Commitment in e-Banking
Authors: Sanchez-Franco Manuel J. 
Published: January 2010

Most prior research into customer loyalty emphasizes the effects of the dimensions of online satisfaction and trust. However, research into how customer involvement moderates this relationship model – in the online environment – has been less than conclusive. On the basis of a satisfaction–trust–commitment model, and given that involvement is a significant precondition to customer loyalty, this paper explores the interaction effects of customer involvement on the evaluation of e-banking services. Empirical results were collected from an online survey in electronic financial forums, Usenet and mailing lists. Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used to estimate the parameters of the interaction effects model. The results support most of the hypotheses and, in particular, confirm the moderating role of customer involvement. The influence of online satisfaction on commitment was significantly stronger for highly involved users; conversely, the effect of satisfaction on trust was weaker. However, customer trust had a stronger effect on commitment for customers with high purchase involvement, and a weaker effect for highly ego-involved customers. The interaction role of customer involvement thus offers a more complete view of the satisfaction–trust–commitment model, providing an initial test of the efficacy of using involvement to understand online decisions. Implications for online marketing management and future research in this area are discussed.
Crop sequences, nitrogen fertilizer and grazing intensity in relation to wheat yields in rainfed systems
Authors: RYAN J. , SINGH M. , PALA M. , MAKHBOUL R. , MASRI S. , HARRIS H. C. , SOMMER R. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYThe Mediterranean region is experiencing unrelenting land-use pressure, largely driven by population growth. Long-term cropping system trials can guide crop and soil management options that are biophysically and economically sustainable. Thus, an extensive cereal-based rotation trial (1983–98) was established in northern Syria, to assess various two-course rotations with durum wheat (Triticum turgidumDesf.). The alternative rotations were: continuous wheat, fallow, chickpea (Cicer arietinum), lentil (Lens culinaris), medic (Medicagospp.), vetch (Vicia sativa) and watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) as a summer crop. Ancillary treatments were: nitrogen (N) fertilizer application to the cereal phase (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha) and variable stubble grazing management (zero or stubble retention, moderate and heavy grazing). Both phases of the rotation trial occurred each year. The soil is a fine clay, thermic Calcixerollic Xerochrept. Seasonal rainfall was the dominant factor in influencing overall yields. Rotations significantly influenced yields, being highest for fallow (2·43 t/ha), followed by watermelon (similar to fallow), vetch, lentil, medic and chickpea, and least for continuous wheat (1·08 t/ha). Overall, yields increased consistently with added N, but responses varied with the rotation. The various stubble grazing regimes had little or no effect on either grain or straw yields. While the trial confirmed the value of fallow and the drawbacks of continuous cereal cropping, it also showed that replacing either practice with chickpea or lentil, or vetch for animal feed, was potentially a viable option. Given favourable economics, legume-based rotations for food and forage could contribute to sustainable cropping throughout the Mediterranean region.
A note on the electrical potential distribution around a test charge in anisotropic collisional plasmas
Authors: CHAUDHURI M. , KHRAPAK S. A. , MORFILL G. E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss recent results concerning the electrical potential distribution around a small test charged particle in weakly ionized collisional plasmas in the presence of an ion flow. The effect of plasma absorption on the particle surface is taken into account and the results are compared with those from earlier models neglecting absorption. In the considered regime, the effect of plasma absorption is quite important and completely determines the long-range asymptote of the electrical potential.
Transformer recharging with alpha channeling in tokamaks
Authors: FISCH N. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTransformer recharging with lower hybrid waves in tokamaks can give low average auxiliary power if the resistivity is kept high enough during the radio frequency recharging stage. At the same time, operation in the hot ion mode via alpha channeling increases the effective fusion reactivity. This paper addresses the extent to which these two large cost-saving steps are compatible.
Low-frequency electrostatic defect mode in doped pair-ion plasmas
Authors: KOURAKIS I. , SAINI N. S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe nonlinear amplitude modulation dynamics of electrostatic oscillations of massive charged defects in a three-component pair plasma is investigated, i.e. doped pair-ion plasmas (anticipating the injection of a massive charged component in the background, e.g. in fullerene experiments). Ion-acoustic oscillations in electron-positron-ion (e-p-i) plasmas are also covered, in the appropriate limit. Linear and nonlinear effects (MI, envelope modes) are discussed. The role of the temperature and density ratio between the pair species is stressed.
Demographic structure and abundance of Asiatic lionsPanthera leo persicain Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India
Authors: Banerjee Kausik , Jhala Yadvendradev V. , Pathak Bharat 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAsiatic lionsPanthera leo persica, once confined to the 1,883 km2Gir Protected Area in Gujarat, India, have in the past 2 decades colonized the adjacent Girnar forest, coastal scrub and agro-pastoral areas covering c. 10,000 km2. In May 2008 the Government of Gujarat declared 180 km2of the sacred Girnar forests a Wildlife Sanctuary. We obtained data on location, age, gender and group composition of lions in Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary from opportunistic sightings during March–May 2008 and from systematic surveys in April 2008 (six surveys of 3–4 days each), totalling 81 lions on 40 occasions. Of the 81 sightings 43% were in the recruitment age group. Adult sex ratio was 0.87 males : 1 female. In the systematic survey we made 26 sightings of nine individuals, identified from their vibrissae patterns and permanent body markings, and used these for population estimation using a capture–recapture analysis. The population estimate using the best fit null model Mowas 10 ± SE 1.2 giving an adult lion density of 5.6 ± SE 0.7 per 100 km2. Population viability analysis emphasized the importance of immigrants for the persistence of this small population. One immigrant in 2 years reduced the probability of extinction by 16%. Conservation of the habitat matrix to the south-east of the Sanctuary, used as a corridor for movement between Girnar and Gir, by declaring it an eco-sensitive zone would facilitate the long-term survival of the Girnar lion population.
What is Asian security architecture?
Authors: TOW WILLIAM T. , TAYLOR BRENDAN 
Published: January 2010

Abstract‘Architecture’ has emerged as the new catchphrase in Asian security politics. Despite its growing centrality, insufficient attention has thus far been given to defining the term, often leading to its imprecise usage. This article seeks to redress that shortcoming. It reviews the ways in which various scholars and practitioners have employed the term ‘security architecture’ and highlights the anomalies that their often differing employment has created. The article proposes a set of guidelines to aid conceptualisation and application of the term. In so doing it establishes criteria to ascertain what ‘security architecture’ actually exists in the Asian region, and must ultimately exist to assure regional security.
Why discourse matters only sometimes: effective arguing beyond the nation-state
Authors: PANKE DIANA 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPre- and post-agreement discourses are an integral part of international relations. Yet, they only matter sometimes as an empirical analysis of European judicial discourses shows. State of the art Habermasisan and social psychology approaches on effective arguing cannot sufficiently explain variation in the success of discourses. This requires a fine-grained perspective: Only if actors share yardsticks fitting to the issue at stake, they can commonly assess the quality of arguments and incrementally develop a consensus. If such issue-specific reference standards are absent, actors talk at cross-purposes and dissent prevails. The article empirically illustrates the importance of intersubjective validity for the effectiveness of discourses and tests its central claim against alternative constructivist and rationalist explanations.
Simultaneous operation of X band gigawatt level high power microwaves
Authors: Li Guolin , Shu Ting , Yuan Chengwei , Zhu Jun , Liu Jing , Wang Bing , Zhang Jun 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAs the pulse power and high power microwave source technologies gradually matured, technologies for enhancing the output capacities of high power microwaves are becoming more and more attractive. In this paper, two different methods for the increasing of X band microwave powers are discussed: diplexers based on microwave filter and photonic crystal. For the case of diplexer based on microwave filter, the dual channel X band microwaves transmit through the filters with high efficiencies, the polarization and radiation directions for the microwaves are the same. With the application of metal photonic crystal, the reflection and transmission of TE/TM polarized X band microwaves are realized simultaneously; thus, the dual channel microwaves have the same radiation direction. A pulse of 25 ns, 3.9 GW has been successfully obtained. However, according to the experimental results, the internal breakdown in these devices limits their power handling capacities when the peak power and pulse duration of the microwaves increase. In the end, several methods for enhancing the power handling capacities the diplexer have been proposed.
Measurements of angle-of-arrival fluctuations over an 11.8 km urban path
Authors: Du Wenhe , Tan Liying , Ma Jing , Yu Siyuan , Jiang Yijun 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA laser transmission experiment is conducted to examine atmospheric turbulence-induced angle-of-arrival fluctuations over an 11.8 km urban path. The variance of fluctuations, probability density function, power spectrum, and Fried coherence length are investigated based on the analysis of the experimental data collected in each season of a year, respectively. In addition, the daily variations characteristic of path-averaged optical turbulence intensity Cn2 is also studied. At last, the aperture averaging theory is validated. It is anticipated that this work is helpful to the research of optical wave atmospheric propagation and the design of free-space laser optics communication systems.