bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental nutrition knowledge and attitudes as predictors of 5–6-year-old children's healthy food knowledge
Authors: Zarnowiecki Dorota , Sinn Natalie , Petkov John , Dollman James 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveYoung children's knowledge about healthy food may influence the formation of their eating behaviours, and parents have a major influence on the development of children's knowledge in the early years.DesignWe investigated the extent to which parental nutrition knowledge and attitudes around food predicted young children's knowledge of healthy foods, controlling for other influences such as socio-economic status (SES) and parent education levels in a cross-sectional research design. Children were given a healthy food knowledge activity and parents completed questionnaires.SettingTwenty primary schools in Adelaide, Australia, stratified by SES.SubjectsWe recruited 192 children aged 5–6 years and their parents.ResultsStructural equation modelling showed that parent nutrition knowledge predicted children's nutrition knowledge (r= 0·30,P< 0·001) independently of attitudes, SES and education level.ConclusionsNutrition education for parents, targeted at low-SES areas at higher risk for obesity, may contribute to the development of healthy food knowledge in young children.
Fetch‐limited growth of wind waves
Authors: Stiassnie Michael 
Published: December 2011

The wave growth mechanisms proposed by Miles (1957) and Phillips (1957) more than 50 years ago, in combination with the concept of the “limiting spectrum,” are used to obtain mathematical solutions to the problem of fetch‐limited wavefields. Explicit expressions for (1) the spectra, (2) the significant wave height, and (3) the peak frequency in terms of the wind shear velocity and the fetch are given.
Grain‐size segregation and levee formation in geophysical mass flows
Authors: Johnson C. G. , Kokelaar B. P. , Iverson R. M. , Logan M. , LaHusen R. G. , Gray J. M. N. T. 
Published: December 2011

Data from large‐scale debris‐flow experiments are combined with modeling of particle‐size segregation to explain the formation of lateral levees enriched in coarse grains. The experimental flows consisted of 10 m3 of water‐saturated sand and gravel, which traveled ∼80 m down a steeply inclined flume before forming an elongated leveed deposit 10 m long on a nearly horizontal runout surface. We measured the surface velocity field and observed the sequence of deposition by seeding tracers onto the flow surface and tracking them in video footage. Levees formed by progressive downslope accretion approximately 3.5 m behind the flow front, which advanced steadily at ∼2 m s−1 during most of the runout. Segregation was measured by placing ∼600 coarse tracer pebbles on the bed, which, when entrained into the flow, segregated upwards at ∼6–7.5 cm s−1. When excavated from the deposit these were distributed in a horseshoe‐shaped pattern that became increasingly elevated closer to the deposit termination. Although there was clear evidence for inverse grading during the flow, transect sampling revealed that the resulting leveed deposit was strongly graded laterally, with only weak vertical grading. We construct an empirical, three‐dimensional velocity field resembling the experimental observations, and use this with a particle‐size segregation model to predict the segregation and transport of material through the flow. We infer that coarse material segregates to the flow surface and is transported to the flow front by shear. Within the flow head, coarse material is overridden, then recirculates in spiral trajectories due to size‐segregation, before being advected to the flow edges and deposited to form coarse‐particle‐enriched levees.
Temporal trends in groundwater levels from Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Rayne Sierra , Forest Kaya 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGroundwater resources play a key role in supplying water for domestic, industrial, agricultural, and ecological functions on the Canadian prairies. The current study investigates potential temporal trends in groundwater levels for the Canadian province of Saskatchewan over the past several decades. Overall, the large majority of areally distributed stations throughout Saskatchewan with increasing groundwater level time trends suggests that this hydrogeological resource is growing in quantity and is not under current threat from depletion.
A hydrometric analysis of the Moose Jaw River near Burdick (05JE006): Temporal trends and frequency analyses for mean, minimum, and maximum flows
Authors: Rayne Sierra , Forest Kaya 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA hydrometric analysis over the available historical record (1973-2010) was conducted for the Moose Jaw River station near Burdick in south-central Saskatchewan, Canada. Frequency analyses on mean monthly, average annual, monthly minimum/maximum, and annual minimum flows generally yielded poor fits, and problems with negative flow predictions for mid- to long-term return periods regardless of distribution type. The annual maximum streamflow time series is reasonably well-described by linear and log Pearson Type III distributions, although both distribution types underestimate extreme maximum flows. Mann-Kendall linear time series analysis on mean monthly and annual streamflows reveals no trend in annual water yields, nor in mean monthly flows between March and October. There is ambiguity as to whether statistically significant negative time trends in overwinter period mean monthly flows and monthly minimum/maximum flows for the hydrometric station are real or whether they represent a change in measurement technique/calibration during the mid-/late-1980s.
Sonic hedgehog enhances the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Cai Jia‐Qin , Huang Yi‐Zhou , Chen Xiao‐He , Xie Hong‐Lei , Zhu Hong‐Ming , Tang Li , Yang Zhi‐Ming , Huang Yong‐Can , Deng Li 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) may be promising seed cells for tissue regeneration because of their self‐renewal and multi‐differentiation potential. Shh (sonic hedgehog) is involved in the skeletal formation during embryo development and skeletal regeneration. However, how Shh regulates the biological characteristics of BM‐MSCs (bone marrow‐derived MSCs) is poorly understood. We have investigated the effect of rShh‐N (recombinant N‐terminal Shh) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rBM‐MSCs (rat BM‐MSCs) in vitro. rBM‐MSCs were treated with rShh‐N at concentrations up to 200 ng/ml. Proliferation and colony‐forming ability of rBM‐MSCs were increased in a dose‐dependent manner. rShh‐N increased the ratio of cells in S and G2/M phase, as well as the number of Ki‐67+ cells. In addition, ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity and matrix mineralization were enhanced by 200 ng/ml rShh‐N. Real‐time PCR showed that rShh‐N (200 ng/ml) up‐regulated the expression of genes encoding Cbfa‐1 (core‐binding factor α1), osteocalcin, ALP and collagen type I in rBM‐MSCs. This information reveals some potential of rShh‐N in the therapeutics of bone‐related diseases.
Long‐term Outcomes of Isolated Liver Transplantation for Short Bowel Syndrome and Intestinal Failure–associated Liver Disease
Authors: Taha A.M.I. , Sharif K. , Johnson T. , Clarke S. , Murphy M.S. , Gupte G.L. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and Aim:A select group of children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) and intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD) fulfill the criteria for isolated liver transplantation (iLTx). Long‐term results in this group of patients have not been reported.Methods:A retrospective study of the medical records of 8 survivors of 14 children who underwent iLTx for SBS and IFALD from 1998 to 2005, managed by a multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation team at our institution.Results:Median follow‐up is 107.5 months (range 89–153 months). Five of 8 children were weaned from parenteral nutrition (PN) to enteral nutrition (EN) in a median of 10 months after iLTx (range 3–32 months). Three of 5 children were subsequently weaned from EN to full oral feeding in 13, 24, and 53 months after stopping PN, whereas the remaining 2 are still receiving EN 118 and 74 months after stopping PN. These 5 children maintain their weight median z scores with a median increase of 1.59 (range 1.24–1.79) compared with the pretransplant z score, whereas the height z scores show fluctuations through the years with a median change of 0.12 (range −0.29 to 0.36). The other 3 of 8 children developed progressive intestinal failure; 2 underwent isolated small bowel transplantation 112 and 84 months after iLTx and the third is receiving PN.Conclusions:Children with SBS and IFALD who have the potential for adaptation in the residual bowel can undergo iLTx, but it is a treatment option to be exercised with extreme caution. These children need close follow‐up with an experienced multidisciplinary team to monitor nutritional outcomes and may need consideration for transplant or nontransplant surgery in the long term.
Cytokine Profiles in Peripheral Blood of Children and Adults With Crohn Disease
Authors: Pak Seung , Holland Nina , Garnett Elizabeth A. , Mileti Elizabeth , Mahadevan Uma , Beckert Rachel , Kanwar Bittoo , Heyman Melvin B. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBackground:Increasing evidence suggests that cytokine dysregulation in T‐helper 1 and T‐helper 2 (TH1/TH2) subsets contributes to the pathogenesis of Crohn disease (CD). The present pilot study examines the hypothesis that cytokine profiles differ between pediatric and adult patients with CD.Methods:Production of TH1 cytokines interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and of TH2 cytokines interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IL‐6 was analyzed in peripheral blood of patients with CD and healthy controls (n = 20) using flow cytometry after in vitro stimulation.Results:In both pediatric and adult subjects, frequencies of TNF‐α CD4+ T cells were higher in patients with CD than in controls (P = 0.009 and P = 0.047, respectively). Percentages of cells expressing IL‐4 were slightly increased (P = 0.036), whereas those for IFN‐γ were decreased (P = 0.009) in pediatric patients with CD compared with controls. As expected, the overall production of TH1 cytokines was higher in adults compared with pediatric subjects. When memory CD4+CD45RO+ T cells were considered, lower IFN‐γ expression was observed in pediatric subjects with CD compared with controls (P = 0.009), matching the trend seen in the general CD4+ T cell population. The percentage of CD4+CD45RO+ T cells was increased in adult patients with CD compared with pediatric patients with CD (P = 0.016).Conclusions:The present study describes a peripheral blood TH1/TH2 cytokine imbalance in CD and suggests different immunological mechanisms in children and adults for disease pathogenesis.
Bounding the plastic strength of polycrystalline solids by linear-comparison homogenization methods
Authors: Idiart Martín I. 
Published: December 2011

The elastoplastic response of polycrystalline metals and minerals above their brittle–ductile transition temperature is idealized here as rigid–perfectly plastic. Bounds on the overall plastic strength of polycrystalline solids with prescribed microstructural statistics and single-crystal plastic strength are computed by means of a linear-comparison homogenization method recently developed by Idiart & Ponte Castañeda (Idiart & Ponte Castañeda 2007
Proc. R. Soc. A
463
, 907–924 (
doi:10.1098/rspa.2006.1797
)). Hashin–Shtrikman and self-consistent results are reported for cubic and hexagonal polycrystals with varying degrees of crystal anisotropy. Improvements over earlier linear-comparison bounds are found to be modest for high-symmetry materials but become appreciable for low-symmetry materials. The largest improvement is observed in self-consistent results for low-symmetry hexagonal polycrystals, exceeding 15 per cent in some cases. In addition to providing the sharpest bounds available to date, these results serve to evaluate the performance of the aforementioned linear-comparison method in the context of realistic material systems.
Parasitic worm therapy for allergy: Is this incongruous or avant‐garde medicine?
Authors: Pritchard D. I. , Blount D. G. , Schmid‐Grendelmeier P. , Till S. J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHelminth (worm) therapy has already been used in clinical trials associated with allergy. These were generally small scale, safety orientated trials of short duration, justified by epidemiological and experimental data indicating potentially beneficial immune modulation by some parasites. However, parasites by definition are disadvantageous to their hosts, and helminth infection in particular almost invariably induces an allergic phenotype, rendering this somewhat paradoxical therapeutic approach for allergy open to scrutiny. Is parasitic worm therapy for allergy incongruous medicine, or avant‐garde medicine? In the present article, we assess the strength of evidence supporting the use of helminth therapy for allergy and critically appraise the trials already completed. Then, should this approach prove successful, we suggest strategies to improve the delivery of helminth therapy, and ways to discover immune response modifiers derived from worms.
Expanding and improving urban outreach immunization in Patna, India
Authors: Pradhan Narottam , Ryman Tove K. , Varkey Sherin , Ranjan Alok , Gupta Satish K. , Krishna Gopal , Swetanki R. P. , Young Randall 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectives  We conducted a case study of an urban immunization outreach strategy to determine the feasibility of the intervention and to measure administrative immunization coverage outcomes.Methods  A multipronged strategy for improving immunization coverage in Urban Patna, India, was implemented for 1 year (2009/2010). The strategy was designed to increase immunization sites, shift human resources, plan logistics, improve community mobilization, provide supervision, strengthen data flow and implement special vaccination drives.Results  Over 1 year, the coverage of all primary vaccines of the Universal Immunization Program improved by over 100%.Conclusion  Coverage can be rapidly improved through outreach immunization in low socioeconomic areas if existing opportunities are carefully utilized.
Clear criteria based on absolute risk: Reforming the basis of guidelines on low‐risk drinking
Authors: ROOM ROBIN , REHM JÜRGEN 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIssues. The paper discusses the approach behind the Australian Guidelines to Reduce Health Risks from Drinking of 2009. The Guidelines involved a new approach to the central conundrum of low‐risk drinking guidelines: how to set a guideline threshold on smooth risk curves.Approach. The context of the 2009 Guidelines is discussed in terms of previous Australian guidelines and of risk analyses and threshold setting for other risks to health and well‐being, such as environmental and food toxins. The Guidelines were accordingly based on new lifetime risk modelling of absolute risk, with specification of the risk attached to the guideline thresholds of 1 in 100 lifetime mortality risk. The Guidelines thus specify no more than two Australian standard drinks a day, and no more than four drinks on any occasion.Implications and Conclusions. The approach described brings alcohol guidelines within a general analytical frame of guidelines and standards for hazards to health. At the level of 1 in 100 lifetime risk, there is little justification for different guidelines for men and women. On grounds of differential risk, separate guidelines for young adults might be considered, but could not be based on lifetime risk.[Room R, Rehm J. Clear criteria based on absolute risk: Reforming the basis of guidelines on low‐risk drinking. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:135–140]
NOTE ON THE WELFARE EFFECT OF SECOND‐BEST POLICIES IN A NETWORK INDUSTRY: A MONOPOLY CASE
Authors: Toshimitsu Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTWe show that the welfare effect of second‐best policies such as a subsidy/tax and quality regulation in the case of a monopoly in a network industry depends on the strength of network effects. That is, focusing on the case in which the network effect is smaller (larger) than the marginal cost of production for the small (large) network effect, it is demonstrated that in the case of a small (large) network effect, an output and a quality‐improving subsidy (tax) policy are socially optimal, and a government should commit to a minimum (maximum) quality standard.
A Critical Genealogy of European Macroeconomic Governance
Authors: Colliat Rémi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractStarting with a brief description of the underlying eco‐institutional intricacies of the European Union, in the first part of this article, we will examine their early theoretical premises and the more recent developments that have dictated their form. In the second part, we will attempt to give an overview of the economic constitution of the Union, exposing its limits before concluding with some normative reflections about its mechanisms of coordination.
Breast cancer worry in further examination of mammography screening – a systematic review
Authors: Metsälä Eija , Pajukari Arja , Aro Arja R. 
Published: December 2011

Aims:  In this systematic review, we explored which factors are associated with breast cancer (BC) worry in further examination (FE) of mammography screening and for how long women experience BC worry associated with FE.Methods:  Medline, Cochrane, Cinahl and the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment databases were used in the search. In addition to this, reference lists of the selected articles were inspected. The subject headings and keywords searched included breast screening, mammography screening, BC worry, distress or anxiety, additional test, further examination and recall. These were used separately and in combination. The databases gave 598 references. From the selected titles, 83 abstracts were read; from these, 23 publications were selected for full‐text review. On the basis of full texts, 15 articles were chosen.Findings:  There were very few studies about the associations between FE and BC worry. In those found, the amount of measured variables was limited. BC worry in FE of breast screening was associated with several sociodemographic and psychosocial factors of recalled women, as well as those related to the FE process. About half of the recalled women were quite or very anxious in the prediagnostic phase.Conclusions:  The review gave implications for interventions in the FE process of mammography screening. These interventions should predominantly be made in the preclinical phase and should differ according to the type of recall visit and characteristics of recalled women. In communicating the diagnosis to the women, the time from the examination process to diagnosis should be as short as possible, and in addition to physicians being present, other health care professionals should also be there to ensure the necessary emotional and practical support a woman needs in such a situation.
Microbial response to limited nutrients in shallow water immediately after the end‐Permian mass extinction
Authors: JIA C. , HUANG J. , KERSHAW S. , LUO G. , FARABEGOLI E. , PERRI M. C. , CHEN L. , BAI X. , XIE S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPrevious work indicates that a variety of microbes bloomed in the oceans after the end‐Permian faunal mass extinction, but evidence is sporadically documented. Thus, the nature and geographic distribution of such microbes and their associations are unclear, addressed in this study using a series of biomarker groups. On the basis of microbial biomarker records of the 2‐methylhopane index, evidence is presented for cyanobacterial blooms in both the western and eastern Tethys Sea and in both shallow and deep waters, after the mass extinction. The enhanced relative abundance of C28 (expressed by the C28/C29 ratio of) regular steranes suggests a bloom of prasinophyte algae occurred immediately after the end‐Permian faunal extinction, comparable with those observed in some other mass extinctions in Phanerozoic. Significantly, cyanobacteria and prasinophyte algae show a synchronized onset of bloom in the shallow water Bulla section, north Italy, inferring for the first time their coupled response to the biotic crisis and the associated environmental conditions. However, in Meishan of Zhejiang Province in south China, the bloom declined earlier than in Bulla. The association of increased 2‐methylhopane index with a negative shift in the nitrogen isotope composition infers a scenario of enhanced nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria immediately after the faunal mass extinction. N2 fixation by cyanobacteria is here interpreted to have provided prasinophyte algae with ammonium in nutrient‐limited shallow waters, and thus caused their associated blooms.
Association between uterine repair at laparoscopic myomectomy and postoperative adhesions
Authors: KUMAKIRI JUN , KIKUCHI IWAHO , KITADE MARI , MATSUOKA SHOZO , KONO AYAKO , OZAKI RIE , TAKEDA SATORU 
Published: December 2011

Abstract Objective. To determine whether uterine repair at laparoscopic myomectomy influences postoperative adhesions. Design. Retrospective study. Setting. University‐affiliated hospital. Population. A total of 108 patients who underwent second‐look laparoscopy after laparoscopic myomectomy without concomitant pelvic surgery between January 2006 and May 2010. Methods. Absorbable cellulose adhesion barriers were used for uterine repair at initial surgery in all women. The presence of adhesions was evaluated by second‐look laparoscopy. Main outcome measures. The influence of background factors (diameter of largest myoma, number of myomas, incision sites and number of suture layers) and the uterine status immediately after uterine repair at laparoscopic myomectomy (number, length and location of wounds, as well as wound appearance classified as virtually normal, swollen or protruding) on adhesion formation were analysed in 108 women with 296 uterine wounds. Data were analysed by logistic regression analysis. Results. Forty‐one (38.0%) women had adhesions to their uterus at follow up. We identified 48 (16.2%) adhesions among 296 wounds in all women. A protruding wound was significantly associated with postoperative wound adhesion (odds ratio, 2.53; p=0.02). The number of enucleated subserosal myomas (odds ratio, 3.29; p<0.001) and the diameter of the largest myoma (odds ratio, 1.05; p<0.001) were significantly associated with wound protrusion, which was a critical factor influencing adhesion. Conclusions. Postoperative wound adhesion formation seems to depend on uterine status immediately after laparoscopic myomectomy.