bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How and why do patients with Type 1 diabetes sustain their use of flexible intensive insulin therapy? A qualitative longitudinal investigation of patients’ self‐management practices following attendance at a Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE) course
Authors: Rankin D. , Cooke D. D. , Clark M. , Heller S. , Elliott J. , Lawton J. ,   for the UK NIHR DAFNE Study Group
Published: January 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 532–538 (2011)AbstractBackground  Conventional insulin therapy requires patients with Type 1 diabetes to adhere to rigid dietary and insulin injection practices. Recent trends towards flexible intensive insulin therapy enable patients to match insulin to dietary intake and lifestyle; however, little work has examined patients’ experiences of incorporating these practices into real‐life contexts. This qualitative longitudinal study explored patients’ experiences of using flexible intensive insulin therapy to help inform the development of effective long‐term support.Methods  Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 30 adult patients with Type 1 diabetes following participation in a structured education programme on using flexible intensive insulin therapy, and 6 and 12 months post‐course. Longitudinal data analysis used an inductive, thematic approach.Results  Patients consistently reported feeling committed to and wanting to sustain flexible intensive insulin therapy. This regimen was seen as a logical and effective method of self‐management, as patients experienced improved blood glucose readings and/or reported feeling better. Implementing and sustaining flexible intensive insulin therapy was enhanced when patients had stable routines, with more challenges reported by those working irregular hours and during weekends/holidays. Some patients re‐crafted their lives to make this approach work for them; for instance, by creating dietary routines or adjusting dietary choices.Conclusions  Clinical data have shown that flexible intensive insulin therapy can lead to improvement in glycaemic control. This study, drawing on patients’ perspectives, provides further endorsement for flexible intensive insulin therapy by demonstrating patients’ liking of, and their motivation to sustain, this approach over time. To help patients implement and sustain flexible intensive insulin therapy, follow‐up support should encourage them to identify routines to better integrate this regimen into their lives.
From Peg to Float: Exchange Market Pressure and Monetary Policy in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kemme David M. , Lyakir Gennady 
Published: January 2011

AbstractExchange market pressure (EMP) in the Czech Republic is calculated for 1995–2006, when the Czech National Bank transitioned to inflation targeting (IT). EMP is a useful indicator of incipient foreign exchange market pressures, a signal of the need for policy adjustments and a clear delineator of monetary policy regime change. VAR estimates clearly identify quite different policy responses during the two regimes. During 1995–98, interest rate and domestic credit responses to EMP were statistically significant and in accord with traditional theory, i.e. domestic credit creation and interest rates were managed to maintain the exchange rate target as if policymakers were explicitly responding to changes in EMP. During the 1998–2006 IT regime there is a link between domestic credit creation and EMP, with no interest rate effects. Exchange market interventions were incidental and supportive of IT goals. Impulse response functions mirror the VAR and Granger causality results.
Foreign News and Spillovers in Emerging European Stock Markets
Authors: Hanousek Jan , Kočenda Evžen 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe analyze foreign news and spillovers in the emerging EU stock markets (the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland). We employ high‐frequency five‐minute intraday data on stock market index returns and four classes of EU and US macroeconomic announcements during 2004–07. We account for the difference of each announcement from its market expectation and we jointly model the volatility of the returns accounting for intraday movements and day‐of‐the‐week effects. Our findings show that intraday interactions on the new EU markets are strongly determined by mature stock markets as well as the macroeconomic news originating thereby. We show that strong contemporaneous links across markets are present even after controlling for macroeconomic announcements. Finally, in terms of specific announcements, we are able to show the exact sources of macro news spillovers from the developed foreign markets to the three new EU markets under research.
Linking Maternal Warmth and Responsiveness to Children's Self‐regulation
Authors: von Suchodoletz Antje , Trommsdorff Gisela , Heikamp Tobias 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe present study demonstrated that a more differentiated view of positive parenting practices is necessary in the study of children's acquisition of self‐regulation. Here, the unique contributions of maternal warmth and responsiveness to distress to children's self‐regulation were tested in a sample of 102 German mothers and their kindergarten children (51 girls and 51 boys). Behavior regulation and internalization of rules of conduct were examined as specific components of children's self‐regulation. As expected, maternal warmth was positively related to the child's behavior regulation. Responsiveness to distress was positively linked to the child's internalization of rules of conduct. No significant interactions between maternal parenting and either the child's gender or effortful control were found. The results are discussed with regard to the unique functions that different parenting practices have for children's self‐regulation.
Adolescent Naturalistic Conceptions of Moral Maturity
Authors: Hardy Sam A. , Walker Lawrence J. , Olsen Joseph A. , Skalski Jonathan E. , Basinger Jason C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractUnderstanding lay conceptions of morality is important not only because they can guide moral psychology theory but also because they may play a role in everyday moral functioning. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine adolescent conceptions of moral maturity. Study 1 (200 adolescents 12–18 years) involved a free‐listing procedure to generate traits descriptive of a moral person. In Study 2, involving 100 early (11–14 years) and 99 late (15–18 years) adolescents, the moral person traits obtained in the first study were rated in terms of how well they described a moral person. Study 3, with 234 early (10–14 years) and 240 late (15–18 years) adolescents, entailed a similarity‐sorting task and a rating procedure similar to that from Study 2. This set of studies uncovered early and late adolescents' implicit typologies of moral maturity and pointed to possible age similarities and differences.
Individual Differences in Infants' Emotional Resonance to a Peer in Distress: Self–Other Awareness and Emotion Regulation
Authors: Geangu Elena , Benga Oana , Stahl Daniel , Striano Tricia 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this study, relations between emotional resonance responses to another's distress, emotion regulation, and self‐other discrimination were investigated in infants three‐, six‐, and nine‐months‐old. We measured the emotional reactions to the pain cry of a peer, along with the ability to regulate emotions and to discriminate between self and other body movements. We found evidence that infants do regulate their emotional resonance responses to another's distress. This relation is age specific, with younger infants using more primitive self‐soothing behaviors, while in older participants attentional based strategies relate to affect sharing reactions. Only nine‐month‐old infants have shown self‐other differentiation abilities, and these were significantly connected to their emotions in response to a peer's distress. These findings have implications for our understanding of early empathy development.
Robustness and Accuracy of Methods for High Dimensional Data Analysis Based on Student’st-Statistic
Authors: Delaigle Aurore , Hall Peter , Jin Jiashun 
Published: January 2011

SummaryStudent’s t-statistic is finding applications today that were never envisaged when it was introduced more than a century ago. Many of these applications rely on properties, e.g. robustness against heavy-tailed sampling distributions, that were not explicitly considered until relatively recently. We explore these features of the t-statistic in the context of its application to very high dimensional problems, including feature selection and ranking, the simultaneous testing of many different hypotheses and sparse, high dimensional signal detection. Robustness properties of the t-ratio are highlighted, and it is established that those properties are preserved under applications of the bootstrap. In particular, bootstrap methods correct for skewness and therefore lead to second-order accuracy, even in the extreme tails. Indeed, it is shown that the bootstrap and also the more popular but less accurate t-distribution and normal approximations are more effective in the tails than towards the middle of the distribution. These properties motivate new methods, e.g. bootstrap-based techniques for signal detection, that confine attention to the significant tail of a statistic.
Penalized Composite Quasi-Likelihood for Ultrahigh Dimensional Variable Selection
Authors: Bradic Jelena , Fan Jianqing , Wang Weiwei 
Published: January 2011

SummaryIn high dimensional model selection problems, penalized least square approaches have been extensively used. The paper addresses the question of both robustness and efficiency of penalized model selection methods and proposes a data-driven weighted linear combination of convex loss functions, together with weighted L1-penalty. It is completely data adaptive and does not require prior knowledge of the error distribution. The weighted L1-penalty is used both to ensure the convexity of the penalty term and to ameliorate the bias that is caused by the L1-penalty. In the setting with dimensionality much larger than the sample size, we establish a strong oracle property of the method proposed that has both the model selection consistency and estimation efficiency for the true non-zero coefficients. As specific examples, we introduce a robust method of composite L1–L2, and an optimal composite quantile method and evaluate their performance in both simulated and real data examples.
Psoriasis: is it the tip of the iceberg for the quality of life of patients and their families?
Authors: Tadros A. , Vergou T. , Stratigos A.J. , Tzavara C. , Hletsos M. , Katsambas A. , Antoniou C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective  To evaluate the impact of psoriasis on patients’ and their relatives’ quality of life (QoL).Methods  Eighty patients with their accompanying family members were included in the study. For measuring health related QoL (HRQoL) of patients with psoriasis, two questionnaires were used: Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF‐36) and EuroQol (EQ‐5D). Disease‐specific HRQoL was assessed by the Dermatology Life Quality Index. For measuring the quality of life of patients’ relatives, a specific questionnaire for dermatological diseases was used (Family Dermatology Life Quality Index, FDLQI).Results  Of our patients, 88.3% reported that their disease affects in many and different ways their QoL whereas only 11.2% reported that psoriasis does not influence at all their life. Regarding FDLQI, 90% of the participating family members, responded that their relative’s psoriasis affected their own QoL.Conclusions  Psoriasis is a chronic disease that affects in a cumulative way the quality of life of both patients and their close relatives.
Evaluation of sensitive scalp severity and symptomatology by using a new score
Authors: Misery L. , Rahhali N. , Ambonati M. , Black D. , Saint‐Martory C. , Schmitt A.‐M. , Taieb C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground  Among localizations of sensitive skin, scalp is one of the less known.Objectives  We performed a study for a better understanding of sensitive scalp and proposed a new score: the 3S score.Methods  An opinion poll was conducted on 2117 persons, which were representative of the French population. The total score was obtained by multiplying score severity of abnormal sensations by the number of these sensations.Results  About one‐third of the population declared to suffer from a sensitive scalp. It was increasingly frequent with age. The 3S questionnaire allowed discrimination among subjects with slightly sensitive, sensitive and very sensitive scalps. Itching and prickling were the most frequent symptoms. Sensitive scalp was sometimes associated with some scalp diseases. Dandruff cannot be considered as a symptom of sensitive scalp.Conclusions  This study is only the third reported study about sensitive scalp. The 3S questionnaire is a convenient and effective tool for investigating the severity and symptomatology of the sensitive scalp.
Comparisons of clinical features of HLA‐DRB1*07 positive and negative vitiligo patients in Chinese Han population
Authors: Hu D.‐Y. , Ren Y.‐Q. , Zhu K.‐J. , Lv Y.‐M. , Cheng H. , Zhang Z. , Li Y. , He S.‐M. , Tang J. , Liu J.‐L. , Lin Y. , Sun Y.‐Y. , Zuo X.‐B. , Chen G. , Sun L.‐D. , Yang S. , Zhang X.‐J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground  Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐II alleles have been found to be associated with vitiligo in different populations, and several studies also suggested that HLA class II alleles/haplotypes were associated with a different type vitiligo. Of HLA class II alleles, DRB1*07 has consistently shown a positive association with vitiligo in Chinese Han population.Objective  To further explore the relationship between DRB1*07 and vitiligo and to evaluate the DRB1*07 effect on the clinical features of vitiligo in Chinese Han population.Methods  This study investigated DRB1*07 allele distribution in 1178 unrelated Chinese vitiligo patients and 1743 healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction/sequence specific primer method and observed clinical differences between DRB1*07 positive and DRB1*07 negative patients.Results  The analysis of the 1178 cases and 1743 controls revealed a highly association between DRB1*07 allele and vitiligo [odds ratio (OR) = 1.97, P = 2.13 × 10−17]. DRB1*07 positive patients had early disease onset (OR = 1.49, P = 0.001), higher frequency of family history (OR = 1.44, P = 0.006) compared with DRB1*07 negative patients.Conclusions  The DRB1*07 showed significant association with vitiligo in the study population. This study confirmed that DRB1*07 positive patients had some obvious clinical differences from DRB1*07 negative patients in the Chinese Han population.
A Flexible Model for Association Analysis in Sibships with Missing Genotype Data
Authors: Dudbridge Frank , Holmans Peter A. , Wilson Scott G. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryA common design in family‐based association studies consists of siblings without parents. Several methods have been proposed for analysis of sibship data, but they mostly do not allow for missing data, such as haplotype phase or untyped markers. On the other hand, general methods for nuclear families with missing data are computationally intensive when applied to sibships, since every family has missing parents that could have many possible genotypes. We propose a computationally efficient model for sibships by conditioning on the sets of alleles transmitted into the sibship by each parent. This means that the likelihood can be written only in terms of transmitted alleles and we do not have to sum over all possible untransmitted alleles when they cannot be deduced from the siblings. The model naturally accommodates missing data and admits standard theory of estimation, testing, and inclusion of covariates. Our model is quite robust to population stratification and can test for association in the presence of linkage. We show that our model has similar power to FBAT for single marker analysis and improved power for haplotype analysis. Compared to summing over all possible untransmitted alleles, we achieve similar power with considerable reductions in computation time.
An inverse correlation between the apparent rate of dopamine clearance and tonic autoinhibition in subdomains of the rat striatum: a possible role of transporter‐mediated dopamine efflux
Authors: Moquin Keith F. , Michael Adrian C. 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011)117, 133–142.AbstractThe dopaminergic terminal field in the rat striatum is compartmentalized into sub‐domains that exhibit distinct dynamics of electrically evoked dopamine release. The fast striatal domains, where dopamine release is predominantly vesicular, exhibit conventional dopaminergic activity. However, vesicular dopamine release is tonically autoinhibited in the slow domains, which suggests that dopamine reaches the autoreceptors via a non‐vesicular route. Hence, it appears that the domains use distinct mechanisms to regulate the basal dopamine concentration available to activate, or not, pre‐synaptic autoinhibitory receptors. However, direct detection of local variations in tonic extracellular dopamine concentrations is not yet possible. So, the present study employed voltammetry to test the hypothesis that the apparent rate of dopamine clearance from the extracellular space should be domain‐dependent. The apparent rate of dopamine clearance is equal to the difference in the rates of dopamine release and uptake that determine extracellular dopamine concentrations. This study confirms that the apparent rate of dopamine clearance is slower in the slow striatal domains where vesicular dopamine release is tonically autoinhibited. These findings support the view that the basal concentration in slow domains is maintained by a non‐vesicular release process, possibly transporter‐mediated efflux.
Alternate day fasting impacts the brain insulin‐signaling pathway of young adult male C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Lu Jianghua , E Lezi , Wang WenFang , Frontera Jennifer , Zhu Hao , Wang Wen‐Tung , Lee Phil , Choi In Young , Brooks William M. , Burns Jeffrey M. , Aires Daniel , Swerdlow Russell H. 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 117, 154–163.AbstractDietary restriction (DR) has recognized health benefits that may extend to brain. We examined how DR affects bioenergetics‐relevant enzymes and signaling pathways in the brains of C57BL/6 mice. Five‐month‐old male mice were placed in ad libitum or one of two repeated fasting and refeeding (RFR) groups, an alternate day (intermittent fed; IF) or alternate day plus antioxidants (blueberry, pomegranate, and green tea extracts) (IF + AO) fed group. During the 24‐h fast blood glucose levels initially fell but stabilized within 6 h of starting the fast, thus avoiding frank hypoglycemia. DR in general appeared to enhance insulin sensitivity. After six weeks brain AKT and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta phosphorylation were lower in the RFR mice, suggesting RFR reduced brain insulin‐signaling pathway activity. Pathways that mediate mitochondrial biogenesis were not activated; AMP kinase phosphorylation, silent information regulator 2 phosphorylation, peroxisomal proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator 1 alpha levels, and cytochrome oxidase subunit 4 levels did not change. ATP levels also did not decline, which suggests the RFR protocols did not directly impact brain bioenergetics. Antioxidant supplementation did not affect the brain parameters we evaluated. Our data indicate in young adult male C57BL/6 mice, RFR primarily affects brain energy metabolism by reducing brain insulin signaling, which potentially results indirectly as a consequence of reduced peripheral insulin production.
The cannabinoid type‐1 receptor carboxyl‐terminus, more than just a tail
Authors: Stadel Rebecca , Ahn Kwang H. , Kendall Debra A. 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem.(2011)117, 1–18.AbstractThe cannabinoid type‐1 (CB1) receptor is a G protein‐coupled receptor that binds the main active ingredient of marijuana, Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, and has been implicated in several disease states, including drug addiction, anxiety, depression, obesity, and chronic pain. In the two decades since the discovery of CB1, studies at the molecular level have centered on the transmembrane core. This interest has now expanded as we discover that other regions of CB1, including the CB1carboxyl‐terminus, have critical structures that are important for CB1activity and regulation. Following the recent description of the three dimensional structure of the full‐length CB1carboxyl‐terminal tail [Biopolymers(2009) vol. 91, pp. 565–573], several residues and structural motifs including two α‐helices (termed H8 and H9) have been postulated to interact with common G protein‐coupled receptor accessory proteins, such as G‐proteins and β‐arrestins. This discourse will focus on the CB1carboxyl‐terminus; our current understanding of the structural features of this region, evidence for its interaction with proteins, and the impact of structure on the binding and regulatory function of CB1accessory proteins. The involvement of the carboxyl‐terminus in the receptor life cycle including activation, desensitization, and internalization will be highlighted.
Low‐n oligomers as therapeutic targets of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ono Kenjiro , Yamada Masahito 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 117, 19–28.AbstractThe pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease involves the progressive accumulation of amyloid β‐protein (Aβ). Recent studies using synthetic Aβ peptides, a cell culture model, Aβ precursor protein transgenic mice models suggest that pre‐fibrillar forms of Aβ are more deleterious than extracellular fibril forms. Recent findings obtained using synthetic Aβ peptides and human samples indicated that low‐n oligomers (from dimers to octamers) may be proximate toxins for neuron and synapse. Here, we review the recent studies on the soluble oligomers, especially low‐n oligomers in Alzheimer’s disease.
Unmasking of LPA1 receptor‐mediated migration response to lysophosphatidic acid by interleukin‐1β‐induced attenuation of Rho signaling pathways in rat astrocytes
Authors: Sato Koichi , Horiuchi Yuta , Jin Ye , Malchinkhuu Enkhzol , Komachi Mayumi , Kondo Toshihiko , Okajima Fumikazu 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 117, 164–174.AbstractAction mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to regulate motility, an important process of astrogliosis, was investigated in rat astrocytes. While LPA exerted no significant effect on the cell migration, the prior treatment of the cells with LPS or IL‐1β resulted in the appearance of migration activity in response to LPA. The LPS induction of the migration response to LPA was associated with the production of IL‐1β precursor protein and inhibited by the IL‐1 receptor antagonist. The IL‐1β treatment also allowed LPA to activate Rac1. The LPA‐induced Rac1 activation and migration were inhibited by pertussis toxin, a small interfering RNA specific to LPA1 receptors, and LPA1 receptor antagonists, including Ki16425. However, the IL‐1β treatment had no appreciable effect on LPA1 receptor mRNA expression and LPA‐induced activation of ERK, Akt, and proliferation. The induction of the migration response to LPA by IL‐1β was inhibited by a constitutively active RhoA. Moreover, LPA significantly activated RhoA through the LPA1 receptor in the control cells but not in the IL‐1β‐treated cells. These results suggest that IL‐1β inhibits the LPA1 receptor‐mediated Rho signaling through the IL‐1 receptor, thereby disclosing the LPA1 receptor‐mediated Gi protein/Rac/migration pathway.