bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FEEDING BEHAVIOUR OF SYRPHUS RIBESII AND MELANOSTOMA SCALARE ON APHIS FABAE
Authors: ROTHERAY GRAHAM E. 
Published: April 2011

Capture efficiencies and handling times of each instar of S. ribesii and M. scalare using A. fabae as prey were measured. For each instar 5 ribesii had higher capture efficiencies and shorter handling times than M. scalare. After encounters with aphids the rate of forward movement decreased and casting for prey increased. Casting rates were higher in S. ribesii than M. scalare.RÉSUMÉComportement alimentaire de Syrphus ribesii L. et Melanostoma scalare F. sur Aphis fabae Scop.La description porte sur le comportement alimentaire de 2 larves de syrphides aphidophages: Syrphus ribesii L. et Melanostoma scalare F. Les taux de captures et les temps de manipulation d'Aphis fabae pour chaque stade de S. ribesii et M. scalare ont été déterminés. Pour chaque stade, S. ribesii a un taux de capture plus élevé et un temps de manipulation plus court que M. scalare. Le taux de «projection», mouvements de recherche caractéristique entrai&#x030c;nant l'élévation et l'expension des segments antérieurs au dessus du substrat sans progression consécutive, commençait par augmenter après l'alimentation, pour ensuite diminuer. L'effet en est de concentrer la recherche sur une aire resteinte. S. ribesii a un taux de «projection» supérieur à celui de M. scalare. Cependant, comparées aux larves à jeun depuis 12 et 24 heures, les larves des 2 espèces à jeun depuis 72 h ont le plus faible accroissement des taux de «projection». Ceci peut ětre du&#x030c; à une modification du comportement de prospection avec transfert du temps de «projection» en temps de dispersion. On pense que S. ribesii est un prédateur obligatoire de pucerons attaquant plus efficacement A. fabae que M. scalare qui est un prédateur facultatif.
Shrimp Processing Assessed by Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Near Infrared Spectroscopy, and Physicochemical Measurements—The Effect of Polyphosphate Content and Length of Prebrining on Shrimp Muscle
Authors: Gudjónsdóttir María , Jónsson Ásbjörn , Bergsson Arnljótur Bjarki , Arason Sigurjón , Rustad Turid 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  The effect of using polyphosphates during prebrining and the effect of prebrining time of cold water shrimp (Pandalus borealis) was studied with low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) transverse relaxation time measurements (benchtop and unilateral) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with the aim of improving shrimp processing. Strong calibrations were obtained for moisture content and water‐holding capacity (WHC) using the NIR technique. Multivariate analysis indicated significant correlations between benchtop NMR parameters and moisture content and WHC, as measured with physicochemical methods and NIR spectroscopy. Significant correlations were also observed between NMR parameters and muscle pH, protein content, and phosphate content. The study showed that LF‐NMR contribute to improved understanding of the shrimp brining process and to improved process control on‐line or at‐line, especially in combination with NIR measurements. However, optimization of the unilateral device is necessary.Practical Application:  Shrimp processing contains various steps that can lead to denaturation or aggregation of proteins, such as during cooking or freezing. Optimization of shrimp processing is therefore an essential task to ensure minimal moisture loss and to ensure a high quality of the final product. Traditional analytical methods for physicochemical measurements are, however, time‐consuming, sample‐destructive and expensive, and are, therefore, poorly suited for on‐line or at‐line process monitoring and optimization. The study showed the potentials of using LF‐NMR and NIR spectroscopy for on‐line or at‐line process control during processing of cold water shrimp. The methods showed strong correlations to various physicochemical properties, such as muscle pH, moisture content, and WHC, which are important quality factors during shrimp processing. Moreover, the techniques are fast, reliable, and nonsample destructive and may therefore suit well for on‐line or at‐line applications.
Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of Condensed Tannins in Acetonic Extract of Selected Raw and Processed Indigenous Food Ingredients from Kenya
Authors: Kunyanga Catherine Nkirote , Imungi Jasper Kathenya , Okoth Michael , Momanyi Clare , Biesalski Han Konrad , Vadivel Vellingiri 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  Recently, tannins have received considerable attention as health‐promoting component in various plant foods and several studies have reported on its nutraceutical properties. However, no study has established the role of condensed tannins in indigenous foods of Kenya. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP) and antidiabetic effects (α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibition activities) of condensed tannins in some selected raw and traditionally processed indigenous cereals, legumes, oil seeds, and vegetables. The condensed tannin content of the grains and vegetables ranged between 2.55 and 4.35 g/100 g DM and 1.53 and 5.73 g/100 g DM, respectively. The scavenging effect of acetonic extract on DPPH radical ranged from 77% to 90% while the reducing power was found to be 31 to 574 mmol Fe(II)/g DM in all the investigated food ingredients. The condensed tannin extracts of the analyzed samples showed promising antidiabetic effects with potential α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibition activities of 23% to 44% and 58% to 88%, respectively. Condensed tannins extracted from the amaranth grain, finger millet, field bean, sunflower seeds, drumstick, and amaranth leaves exerted significantly higher antioxidant and antidiabetic activities than other food ingredients. Among the traditional processing methods, roasting of grains and cooking of vegetables were found to be more suitable mild treatments for preserving the tannin compound and its functional properties as opposed to soaking + cooking and blanching treatments. The identified elite sources of optimally processed indigenous food ingredients with promising results could be used as health‐promoting ingredients through formulation of therapeutic diets.Practical Application:  The consumption of a diet full of dietary antioxidants can be substantially enhanced with the right food combinations, and with appropriate food processing and preparation techniques. The consumption of processed grains and vegetables would not only improve the nutrient utilization but also act as potential nutraceuticals as well as therapeutic foods for human health. In this connection, in the present study, the functional properties of condensed tannins extracted from certain indigenous food ingredients were analyzed and also the suitable and mild treatment has been identified. The findings of this research could be suitable in developing/formulating therapeutic supplementary foods for vulnerable group in Kenya.
Control of Singlet Oxygen Generation Photosensitized by meso‐Anthrylporphyrin through Interaction with DNA
Authors: Hirakawa Kazutaka , Hirano Toru , Nishimura Yoshinobu , Arai Tatsuo , Nosaka Yoshio 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTo control the activity of photosensitized singlet oxygen (1O2) generation, the electron donor‐connecting porphyrin, 5‐(9′‐anthryl)‐10,15,20‐tris(p‐pyridyl)porphyrin (AnTPyP), was designed and synthesized. AnTPyP became water‐soluble by the protonation of the pyridyl moieties in the presence of 5 mm trifluoroacetic acid (pH 2.3). The photoexcited state of the porphyrin ring in an AnTPyP molecule was effectively deactivated by intramolecular electron transfer from the anthracene moiety within 0.04 ns in an aqueous solution. The deactivation was suppressed by the interaction with a DNA strand, resulting in the elongation of the lifetime of the porphyrin excited state and the enhancement of the fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the interaction enabled the photoexcited AnTPyP to generate 1O2. Selective 1O2 generation by forming a complex with DNA should be the initial step to realize the target selective photodynamic therapy.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of C.I. Basic Violet 2 Using TiO2–SiO2 Composite Nanoparticles
Authors: Mahyar Ali , Behnajady Mohammad Ali , Modirshahla Naser 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this report, TiO2–SiO2 composite nanoparticles were prepared by the thermal hydrolysis method using titanium tetrachloride and tetraethylorthosilicate as TiO2 and SiO2 precursors, respectively. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), nitrogen adsorption/desorption and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results indicated that, in comparison with pure TiO2, TiO2–SiO2 composite nanoparticles had a higher thermal stability, which prevents phase transformation from anatase to rutile. In addition, the TiO2–SiO2 nanoparticles had a higher specific surface area, larger pore volume, greater band gap energy and smaller crystallite size. Thus, the surface area of TiO2–40% SiO2 composite nanoparticles was about 17 times higher than that of pure TiO2 nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2–SiO2 composite nanoparticles in the photodegradation of C.I. Basic Violet 2 was investigated. The photodegradation rate of Basic Violet 2 using TiO2–40% SiO2 nanoparticles calcined at 600°C was much faster than that using pure TiO2 and Degussa P25 TiO2 by 10.9 and 4.3 times, respectively. The higher photoactivity of the TiO2–SiO2 composite nanoparticles was attributed to their higher surface area, larger pore volume, greater band‐gap energy and smaller crystallite size compared with pure TiO2.
Does the Political Institution Matter for Financial Development?
Authors: Voghouei Hatra , Azali M. , Law Siong Hook 
Published: April 2011

The study examines the effect of economic institutions on financial development, where economic institutions themselves are endogenous and determined by political power. Following the theory of “economic institution” proposed by Acemoglu et al. (2004), two groups of political power (de jure political power or political institution and de facto political power or distribution of resource) are employed in the analysis. By using the panel data of sixty counties during 1980–2006, the empirical results show that political power is a statistically significant determinant of economic institutions and hence affects the development of financial systems. The result demonstrates that de jure political power has great significant effect on financial development than de facto political power.
Modeling of Co-planar Type Single-Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel
Cells
Authors: Akhtar Naveed , Decent Stephen P. , Loghin Daniel , Kendall Kevin 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A two dimensional, nonisothermal numerical model of a single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell has been developed. For the sake of simplicity in developing the model, hydrogen-air mixture (80% hydrogen, 20% air by volume, which is considered as safe) has been chosen instead of hydrocarbon-air mixtures (which require complex modeling strategy such as reforming via partial oxidation and modeling of two active fuels, i.e., hydrogen and carbon monoxide). The model is based on considering yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as an electrolyte supported material, nickel yttria-stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) as anode, and lanthanum strontium manganite as a cathode material. The effect of varying distance between anode and cathode, flow rate, temperature, porosity, and electrolyte thickness has been investigated in terms of electrochemical performance. It has been found that the flow rate and distance between the electrodes’ pair are the most sensitive parameters in such type of fuel cells. The model was coded in a commercial software package of finite element analysis, i.e., COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS, 3.3a.
In Vitro Selection of
ramR
and
soxR
Mutants Overexpressing Efflux Systems by Fluoroquinolones as Well as Cefoxitin in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Bialek-Davenet Suzanne , Marcon Estelle , Leflon-Guibout Véronique , Lavigne Jean-Philippe , Bert Frédéric , Moreau Richard , Nicolas-Chanoine Marie-Hélène 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

The relationship between efflux system overexpression and cross-resistance to cefoxitin, quinolones, and chloramphenicol has recently been reported in
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. In 3 previously published clinical isolates and 17
in vitro
mutants selected with cefoxitin or fluoroquinolones, mutations in the potential regulator genes of the AcrAB efflux pump (
acrR
,
ramR
,
ramA
,
marR
,
marA
,
soxR
,
soxS
, and
rob
) were searched, and their impacts on efflux-related antibiotic cross-resistance were assessed. All mutants but 1, and 2 clinical isolates, overexpressed
acrB
. No mutation was detected in the regulator genes studied among the clinical isolates and 8 of the mutants. For the 9 remaining mutants, a mutation was found in the
ramR
gene in 8 of them and in the
soxR
gene in the last one, resulting in overexpression of
ramA
and
soxS
, respectively. Transformation of the
ramR
mutants and the
soxR
mutant with the wild-type
ramR
and
soxR
genes, respectively, abolished overexpression of
acrB
and
ramA
in the
ramR
mutants and of
soxS
in the
soxR
mutant, as well as antibiotic cross-resistance. Resistance due to efflux system overexpression was demonstrated for 4 new antibiotics: cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ertapenem. This study shows that the
ramR
and
soxR
genes control the expression of efflux systems in
K. pneumoniae
and suggests the existence of efflux pumps other than AcrAB and of other loci involved in the regulation of AcrAB expression.
In VivoandIn VitroAntimalarial Properties of Azithromycin-Chloroquine Combinations That Include the Resistance Reversal Agent Amlodipine
Authors: Pereira Marcus R. , Henrich Philipp P. , Sidhu Amar bir Singh , Johnson David , Hardink Joel , Van Deusen Jeffrey , Lin Jian , Gore Katrina , O'Brien Connor , Wele Mamadou , Djimde Abdoulaye , Chandra Richa , Fidock David A. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTEvidence of emergingPlasmodium falciparumresistance to artemisinin-based combination therapies, documented in western Cambodia, underscores the continuing need to identify new antimalarial combinations. Given recent reports of the resurgence of chloroquine-sensitiveP. falciparumparasites in Malawi, after the enforced and prolonged withdrawal of this drug, and indications of a possible synergistic interaction with the macrolide azithromycin, we sought to further characterize chloroquine-azithromycin combinations for theirin vitroandin vivoantimalarial properties.In vitro96-h susceptibility testing of chloroquine-azithromycin combinations showed mostly additive interactions against freshly culturedP. falciparumfield isolates obtained from Mali. Some evidence of synergy, however, was apparent at the fractional 90% inhibitory concentration level. Additionalin vitrotesting highlighted the resistance reversal properties of amlodipine for both chloroquine and quinine.In vivoexperiments, using the Peters 4-day suppressive test in aP. yoeliimouse model, revealed up to 99.9% suppression of parasitemia following treatment with chloroquine-azithromycin plus theRenantiomer of amlodipine. This enantiomer was chosen because it does not manifest the cardiac toxicities observed with the racemic mixture. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses in this rodent model and subsequent extrapolation to a 65-kg adult led to the estimation that 1.8 g daily ofR-amlodipine would be required to achieve similar efficacy in humans, for whom this is likely an unsafe dose. While these data discount amlodipine as an additional partner for chloroquine-based combination therapy, our studies continue to support azithromycin as a safe and effective addition to antimalarial combination therapies.
Syntrophomonadaceae-Affiliated Species as Active Butyrate-Utilizing Syntrophs in Paddy Field Soil
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Qiu Qiongfen , Lu Yahai 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTDNA-based stable-isotope probing was applied to identify the active microorganisms involved in syntrophic butyrate oxidation in paddy field soil. After 14 and 21 days of incubation with [U-13C]butyrate, the bacterialSyntrophomonadaceaeand the archaealMethanosarcinaceaeandMethanocellalesincorporated substantial amounts of13C label into their nucleic acids. Unexpectedly, members of thePlanctomycetesandChloroflexiwere also labeled with13C by yet-unclear mechanisms.
The Agr-Like Quorum-Sensing System Regulates Sporulation and Production of Enterotoxin and Beta2 Toxin by Clostridium perfringens Type A Non-Food-Borne Human Gastrointestinal Disease Strain F5603
Authors: Li Jihong , Chen Jianming , Vidal Jorge E. , McClane Bruce A. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Clostridium perfringens
type A strains producing enterotoxin (CPE) cause one of the most common bacterial food-borne illnesses, as well as many cases of non-food-borne human gastrointestinal disease. Recent studies have shown that an Agr-like quorum-sensing system controls production of chromosomally encoded alpha-toxin and perfringolysin O by
C. perfringens
, as well as sporulation by
Clostridium botulinum
and
Clostridium sporogenes
. The current study explored whether the Agr-like quorum-sensing system also regulates sporulation and production of two plasmid-encoded toxins (CPE and beta2 toxin) that may contribute to the pathogenesis of non-food-borne human gastrointestinal disease strain F5603. An isogenic
agrB
null mutant was inhibited for production of beta2 toxin during vegetative growth and in sporulating culture, providing the first evidence that, in
C. perfringens
, this system can control production of plasmid-encoded toxins as well as chromosomally encoded toxins. This mutant also showed reduced production of alpha-toxin and perfringolysin O during vegetative growth. Importantly, when cultured in sporulation medium, the mutant failed to efficiently form spores and was blocked for CPE production. Complementation partially or fully reversed all phenotypic changes in the mutant, confirming that they were specifically due to inactivation of the
agr
locus. Western blots suggest that this loss of sporulation and sporulation-specific CPE production for the
agrB
null mutant involves, at least in part, Agr-mediated regulation of production of Spo0A and alternative sigma factors, which are essential for
C. perfringens
sporulation.
The
l
-Arabinan Utilization System of Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Authors: Shulami Smadar , Raz-Pasteur Ayelet , Tabachnikov Orly , Gilead-Gropper Sarah , Shner Itzhak , Shoham Yuval 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Geobacillus stearothermophilus
T-6 is a thermophilic soil bacterium that has a 38-kb gene cluster for the utilization of arabinan, a branched polysaccharide that is part of the plant cell wall. The bacterium encodes a unique three-component regulatory system (
araPST
) that includes a sugar-binding lipoprotein (AraP), a histidine sensor kinase (AraS), and a response regulator (AraT) and lies adjacent to an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) arabinose transport system (
araEGH
). The lipoprotein (AraP) specifically bound arabinose, and gel mobility shift experiments showed that the response regulator, AraT, binds to a 139-bp fragment corresponding to the
araE
promoter region. Taken together, the results showed that the
araPST
system appeared to sense extracellular arabinose and to activate a specific ABC transporter for arabinose (AraEGH). The promoter regions of the arabinan utilization genes contain a 14-bp inverted repeat motif resembling an operator site for the arabinose repressor, AraR. AraR was found to bind specifically to these sequences, and binding was efficiently prevented in the presence of arabinose, suggesting that arabinose is the molecular inducer of the arabinan utilization system. The expression of the arabinan utilization genes was reduced in the presence of glucose, indicating that regulation is also mediated via a catabolic repression mechanism. The cluster also encodes a second putative ABC sugar transporter (AbnEFJ) whose sugar-binding lipoprotein (AbnE) was shown to interact specifically with linear and branched arabino-oligosaccharides. The final degradation of the arabino-oligosaccharides is likely carried out by intracellular enzymes, including two α-
l
-arabinofuranosidases (AbfA and AbfB), a β-
l
-arabinopyranosidase (Abp), and an arabinanase (AbnB), all of which are encoded in the 38-kb cluster.
Genome Sequence of Chthoniobacter flavus Ellin428, an Aerobic Heterotrophic Soil Bacterium
Authors: Kant Ravi , van Passel Mark W. J. , Palva Airi , Lucas Susan , Lapidus Alla , Glavina del Rio Tijana , Dalin Eileen , Tice Hope , Bruce David , Goodwin Lynne , Pitluck Sam , Larimer Frank W. , Land Miriam L. , Hauser Loren , Sangwan Parveen , de Vos Willem M. , Janssen Peter H. , Smidt Hauke 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Chthoniobacter flavus
Ellin428 is the first isolate from the class
Spartobacteria
of the bacterial phylum
Verrucomicrobia. C. flavus
Ellin428 can metabolize many of the saccharide components of plant biomass but is incapable of growth on amino acids or organic acids other than pyruvate.
Cardiopulmonary, blood metabolite and rating of perceived exertion responses to constant exercises performed at different intensities until exhaustion
Authors: Pires Flávio O , Noakes Timothy D , Lima-Silva Adriano E , Bertuzzi R , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Lira Fabio S , Kiss Maria Augusta P D M 
Published: April 2011

ObjectiveThis study analysed cardiopulmonary, metabolic and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses during exercise bouts performed below, at and above the second lactate threshold (LT2) intensity.Methods10 healthy men performed constant workloads to exhaustion at the first lactate threshold (LT1), LT2 and 25% of the difference between LT2 and maximal aerobic power output (TW25%) identified during an incremental test. The time to exhaustion (TE) was 93.8 (18.0), 44.5 (16.0) and 22.8 (10.6) min at LT1, LT2 and TW25%, respectively (p < 0.001). Metabolic and cardiopulmonary parameters and RPE data were time normalised to the exercise bout duration. The correlation between the slope of these variables and TE was calculated.ResultsDifferences were found for respiratory exchange ratio (RER), RPE and potassium at LT1; RER, RPE, norepinephrine and potassium at LT2; and ventilation, respiratory rate (RR), RPE, lactate and potassium at TW25%. Except for RR, no cardiopulmonary or metabolic parameter increased significantly after 50% of the exercise duration, indicating a physiological steady state. VO2, heart rate and lactate at exhaustion in all exercise bouts were significantly lower than values reached in the maximal incremental test. The slope of most metabolic variables was not correlated to TE in LT1, LT2 and TW25%, whereas the slope of RPE was significantly correlated to TE (r = −0.72 to −0.84; p < 0.05) for the three exercise intensities.ConclusionContrary to traditional suggestions, exercise at LT1, LT2 and TW25%intensities is performed and terminated in the presence of an overall physiological steady state.