bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct contact‐less velocity measurement in high velocity gas flows
Authors: Lange S. , Sieber M. , Marqués J. L. , Forster G. , Schein J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDie Entwicklung des thermischen Beschichtens als eine der Schlüsselindustrien des 21. Jahrhunderts wird auch zukünftig besonders vom Kostendruck getrieben werden. Die Möglichkeit zur Herstellung qualitativ hochwertiger Schichten erfordert ein vertiefendes Verständnis in allen Abschnitten des Beschichtungsprozesses. Den Eigenschaften der Gasströmung im Bereich des Ausganges des Flammengenerators kommt hierbei eine große Bedeutung zu, wenn die Reproduzierbarkeit der gespritzten Schichten erhöht und dadurch eine Kostenreduktion erreicht werden soll. Die Optimierung der Injektionsbedingungen verschiedenster Pulver ist Ziel der Forschung. Diese Arbeit stellt ein robustes rückwirkungsfreies optisches Diagnostikverfahren für schnelle Gasströmungen vor, welches auf der Auswertung dopplerverschobenen gestreuten Laserlichts beruht. Zur Validierung des Verfahrens wurde eine Überschalldüse von bekannter Mach‐Zahl konstruiert und mit dem etablierten Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) Verfahren der Strömungsmechanik vermessen.Thermal spraying, as one of the key industries of the 21st century, is being developed particularly due to its potential in reducing production costs. The possibility of a deposition of high quality coatings requires a deep knowledge of each step involved in the spraying process. One important factor are the properties of the gas flow close to the outlet of the flame generator, if the reproducibility of the sprayed coatings is to be achieved, as well as their production cost reduction. The optimisation of the injection parameters for different powders is the main object of this work. This paper presents a robust contact‐less optical diagnostic technique for high velocity gas flows, based in the measurement of the Doppler shift of scattered laser light. Additionally, in order to validate these measurements, a supersonic nozzle of known Mach number at outlet has been designed and measured with the well established particle imaging velocimetry technique.
Modeling approach for the life cycle profit of materials – conceptual design and case study
Authors: Götze U. , Schmidt A. , Weber T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEine langfristig erfolgreiche Entwicklung, Herstellung und Verwendung von (neuen) Werkstoffen setzt voraus, dass die daran beteiligten, auf wirtschaftlichen Erfolg angewiesenen Unternehmen mit diesen Werkstoffen einen positiven monetären Lebenszykluserfolg erzielen. Die Ermittlung eines solchen Lebenszykluserfolgs ist allerdings eine komplexe Aufgabenstellung, wird dieser doch durch eine Vielzahl verschiedenartiger unternehmensexterner und ‐interner Größen beeinflusst. Gerade bei derartigen komplexen Problemstellungen bietet es sich an, Vorgehensmodelle für eine systematische und strukturierte Problemanalyse und ‐zerlegung sowie die darauf basierende Bildung und Auswertung von monetären Lebenszyklusmodellen zu nutzen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll daher ein Vorgehensmodell zur Ermittlung und Analyse des Lebenszykluserfolgs von Werkstoffen zunächst konzipiert und anschließend anhand eines Fallbeispiels veranschaulicht werden.Long‐term successful development, production and use of (new) materials presuppose that involved companies achieve a positive monetary life cycle benefit with these materials. However, the appraisal of this life cycle profit is a demanding task, since the profit is influenced by a huge number of different internal and external variables. Especially in case of such complex problems procedure models can support the systematic and structured analysis and decomposition of the problems as well as the creation and evaluation of monetary life cycle models basing on that. Therefore, this paper offers a suitable modeling approach for the life cycle profit of materials, which is illustrated by a case study.
Fabrication of silicon carbide reinforced aluminium powders by high‐energy ball‐milling
Authors: Wielage B. , Nestler D. , Siebeck S. , Podlesak H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDie Herstellung von Siliziumkarbid‐Aluminium‐Verbundpulver stellt die erste Stufe der pulvermetallurgischen Herstellungsroute für partikelverstärkte Aluminiumwerkstoffe dar. Der Prozess der Verbundpulverausbildung beim Mahlen in einer Hochenergiekugelmühle und der Einfluss von Prozessparametern werden anhand der Al‐Legierung EN AW‐2017 mit 10 und 15 Vol.‐% Siliziumkarbidteilchen der Kornfraktion <2 μm untersucht. Die Gefügeentwicklung des Pulvers wird materialografisch charakterisiert. Bestimmte Prozessparameter beeinflussen den Verbundpulverzustand zum Teil gegenläufig, so dass der erreichte Optimierungsstand als Kompromiss anzusehen ist. Lösungsvarianten für eine weitere Verbesserung werden aufgezeigt.The fabrication of aluminium silicon‐carbide composite powder is the first step of the powder metallurgical production of particle‐reinforced aluminium material. This paper deals with the production of silicon‐carbide reinforced aluminium matrix (AA2017) composite powder through an high energy ball milling process by using simoloyer‐ and planetary high energy mills. The Stages of composite powder formation during the high‐energy ball milling process will be shown by means of materialographic studies and by micro hardness. Major factors of influence as well as typical problems are discussed.
Possible genetic heterogeneity of spinocerebellar ataxia linked to chromosome 15
Authors: Weissbach Anne , Djarmati Ana , Klein Christine , Dragašević Nataša , Zühlke Christine , Raković Aleksandar , Gužvić Miodrag , Butz Elisabeth , Tönnies Holger , Siebert Reiner , Petrović Igor , Svetel Marina , Kostić Vladimir S. , Lohmann Katja 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAutosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders. We investigated an SCA family from Serbia of Roma ethnic origin; four affected and nine unaffected family members underwent a detailed neurological examination. The presenting symptom in all patients was gait unsteadiness in early adulthood. Additional features included pyramidal signs, depression, and cognitive impairment. The condition follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. After excluding repeat expansions in nine known SCA genes, a genome‐wide linkage analysis with 412 microsatellite markers localized the putative disease gene to a 40.7 cM (42.5 Mb) region on chromosome 15q between markers D15S1006 and D15S116. The maximum model‐based multipoint LOD score was 1.75. This region is only 4.3 Mb away from the SCA11 (TTBK2) gene. Accordingly, mutations in TTBK2 were not found, suggesting a second SCA gene on chromosome 15q as cause of this novel form of SCA. In addition, we excluded alterations in two candidate genes in the linked region, namely expansion of a polyglutamine‐coding CAG repeat in ARID3B and mutations in SEMA6D. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Differential pattern of brain‐specific CSF proteins tau and amyloid‐beta in Parkinsonian syndromes
Authors: Süssmuth Sigurd D. , Uttner Ingo , Landwehrmeyer Bernhard , Pinkhardt Elmar H. , Brettschneider Johannes , Petzold Axel , Kramer Bernd , Schulz Jörg B. , Palm Christian , Otto Markus , Ludolph Albert C. , Kassubek Jan , Tumani Hayrettin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTo evaluate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins reflecting processes of neurodegeneration and glial activation in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; Richardson's syndrome, n = 20; PSP‐Parkinsonism, n = 7) and multiple system atrophy (MSA, n = 25), we analyzed tau, phosphorylated tau, amyloid‐beta1–42 (Aβ1–42), Aβ1–40, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and CSF routine variables. Individuals with PSP‐Parkinsonism and MSA had elevated tau levels when compared with Richardson's syndrome, Parkinson's disease (PD), and age‐matched controls (P ≤ 0.001). Ratios of P‐tau/T‐tau were significantly different in Parkinsonian syndromes. CSF Aβ1–42 was decreased only in patients with Richardson's syndrome. In a subset of Parkinsonian syndromes, we found elevated GFAP concentrations and increased CSF/serum albumin ratios. There were no correlations between biomarker concentrations and clinical scores in any of the diseases. In conclusion, this preliminary data show that changes in CSF tau and Aβ1–42 may indicate different protein processing in PSP patients and might, therefore, be relevant in the differentiation of PSP subtypes. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Risk factors for executive dysfunction after subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Daniels Christine , Krack Paul , Volkmann Jens , Pinsker Markus O. , Krause Martin , Tronnier Volker , Kloss Manja , Schnitzler Alfons , Wojtecki Lars , Bötzel Kai , Danek Adrian , Hilker Rüdiger , Sturm Volker , Kupsch Andreas , Karner Elfriede , Deuschl Günther , Witt Karsten 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA slight decline in cognitive functions and especially in executive functioning after deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus subthalamicus (STN) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) has been described. This study evaluated baseline parameters that contribute to a deterioration of cognitive functioning after DBS. We analyzed data from the neuropsychological protocol in a randomized controlled study comparing DBS with best medical treatment (BMT). Change scores were calculated for the cognitive domains “global cognitive functioning,” “memory,” “working memory,” “attention,” and “executive function.” These domain‐specific change scores were correlated with previously defined preoperative parameters. Compared with the BMT group (63 patients), the STN‐DBS group (60 patients) showed a significant decline only in the domain executive function 6 months after DBS, which was significantly correlated with age, levodopa‐equivalence dosage (LED) and axial subscore of the UPDRS in the off‐medication state at baseline. Multiple regression analysis showed that these three factors explained, however, only about 23% of the variance. Patients with higher age, higher baseline LED, and/or higher axial subscore of the UPDRS at baseline have an increased risk for worsening of executive function after STN‐DBS. High scores of these factors might reflect an advanced stage of disease progression. As these baseline factors explained the variance of the change score executive function only to a minor proportion, other factors including the surgical procedure, the exact placement of the electrode or postsurgical management might be more relevant for a decline in executive functioning after STN‐DBS. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Treatment of insomnia in Parkinson's disease: A controlled trial of eszopiclone and placebo
Authors: Menza Matthew , Dobkin Roseanne DeFronzo , Marin Humberto , Gara Michael , Bienfait Karina , Dicke Allison , Comella Cynthia L. , Cantor Charles , Hyer Lee 
Published: June 2010

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease affecting up to 1 million individuals in the United States. Sleep disturbances, typically in sleep maintenance, are found in up to 88% of these individuals and are associated with a variety of poor outcomes. Despite being common and important, there are few data to guide clinical care. We conducted a 6‐week, randomized, controlled trial of eszopiclone and placebo in 30 patients with PD and insomnia. Patients with other primary sleep disorders (PSG defined) were excluded. The primary outcome was total sleep time (TST), and secondary measures included wake after sleep onset (WASO), number of awakenings, and quality of sleep, among others. The groups did not significantly differ on TST, but significant differences, favoring eszopiclone, did emerge in number of awakenings (P = 0.035), quality of sleep (P = 0.018), and in physician‐rated CGI improvement (P = 0.035). There was also a trend toward significance in WASO (P = 0.071). There were no significant differences between groups in measures of daytime functioning. The drug was well tolerated, with 33% of patients on eszopiclone and 27% of patients on placebo reporting adverse events. Although modest in size, this is the first controlled study of the treatment of insomnia in patients with PD. Eszopiclone did not increase TST significantly but was superior to placebo in improving quality of sleep and some measures of sleep maintenance, which is the most common sleep difficulty experienced by patients with PD. Definitive trials of the treatment of sleep disorders in this population are warranted. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Antioxidant effectiveness of coffee extracts and selected constituents in cell‐free systems and human colon cell lines
Authors: Bakuradze Tamara , Lang Roman , Hofmann Thomas , Stiebitz Herbert , Bytof Gerhard , Lantz Ingo , Baum Matthias , Eisenbrand Gerhard , Janzowski Christine 
Published: June 2010

AbstractScope: Epidemiological studies suggest that coffee can reduce the risk of degenerative diseases such as diabetes type 2, cardiovascular disease and cancer. These beneficial effects have partly been attributed to the antioxidant activity of coffee. We determined composition and antioxidant potential of differentially roasted coffee extracts and investigated the impact of selected original constituents and roast products.Methods and results: Parameters studied were direct antioxidant activity (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity/oxygen radical absorbing capacity), cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, DNA damage and protein expression of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase, γ‐glutamylcysteine ligase and glutathione reductase in HT‐29/Caco‐2 cells at 24‐h incubation. All extracts showed distinct direct antioxidant activity: medium roasts>light roast AB1 (caffeoylquinic acid (CQA)‐rich Arabica Brazil extract); dark roast AB2 (N‐methylpyridinium (NMP)‐rich Arabica Brazil extract), and diminished t‐butylhydroperoxide‐induced ROS level in HT‐29 cells (AB2>medium roasts>AB1). NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression and γ‐glutamylcysteine ligase expression were distinctly induced by AB1 and 5‐CQA, but not by AB2 and NMP. 5‐CQA and caffeic acid exhibited highest trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity/oxygen radical absorbing capacity values (5‐CQA: 1.3/3.5 mM and caffeic acid: 1.3/3.9 mM trolox); ROS level was distinctly diminished by 5‐CQA (≥3 μM), catechol (30 μM) and trigonelline (≥30 μM), whereas menadione‐induced DNA damage in Caco‐2 cells was reduced by NMP compounds (1–30 μM).Conclusion: The results emphasize that both original constituents and roast products contribute to the cellular antioxidant effectiveness of coffee.
Study of liquid–liquid interfaces by an easily implemented localized NMR sequence
Authors: Mantel Claire , Bayle Pierre‐Alain , Hediger Sabine , Berthon Claude , Bardet Michel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTo selectively extract heavy metals from solutions containing fission products, it is essential to optimize the liquid–liquid extraction processes. Such an objective requires improving the fundamental knowledge of the different mechanisms that are involved in these processes. In that respect, we propose a localized NMR sequence named LOCSY to assess the concentration profiles of different species involved in these processes. One of the goals of this sequence is to study the products as close as possible to the liquid–liquid interface with the help of a standard NMR spectrometer of chemistry labs. The one‐dimensional spatial localization along the NMR tube is obtained by a discrete stepping of the frequency‐selective excitation pulses under a pulsed field gradient. Specific data processing has been developed to obtain the 1D NMR spectra as a function of the vertical position in the NMR tube. The LOCSY sequence has been tested and evaluated on three different systems: (i) a cylindrical phantom inserted in the NMR tube containing 4‐methylsalicylic acid solution, (ii) D2O/olive oil biphasic system, and (iii) the dissolution of solid saccharose in D2O. These examples illustrate potential applications of the LOCSY sequence, particularly the possibility to measure concentration profiles and to study phenomena such as diffusion, provided the dynamic range is compatible with NMR timescale and sensitivity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GIAO DFT 13C/15N chemical shifts in regioisomeric structure determination of fused pyrazoles
Authors: Chimichi Stefano , Boccalini Marco , Matteucci Alessandra , Kharlamov Sergey V. , Latypov Shamil K. , Sinyashin Oleg G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe combined use of two‐dimensional NMR correlation experiments and gauge including atomic orbital density functional theory in 13C NMR chemical shift (CS) calculations allowed reliable and simple structural determination of regioisomeric heterocyclic systems that originate from the reactions of acylquinolinones with substituted hydrazines. Moreover, the results of differential analysis between the calculated 15N NMR CSs for hypothetical structures and the experimental data of the title azaheterocyclic systems were even more advantageous with respect to 13C because there was no need for correlational analysis: structures of the regioisomeric compounds could be determined just by direct comparison. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INa and IKir are reduced in Type 1 hypokalemic and thyrotoxic periodic paralysis
Authors: Puwanant Araya , Ruff Robert L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe evaluated voltage‐gated Na+ (INa) and inward rectifier K+ (IKir) currents and Na+ conductance (GNa) in patients with Type 1 hypokalemic (HOPP) and thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP). We studied intercostal muscle fibers from five subjects with HOPP and one with TPP. TPP was studied when the patient was thyrotoxic (T‐toxic) and euthyroid. We measured: (1) IKir, (2) action potential thresholds, (3) INa, (4) GNa, (5) intracellular [Ca2+], and (6) histochemical fiber type. HOPP fibers had lower INa, GNa, and IKir and increased action potential thresholds. Paralytic attack frequency correlated with the action potential threshold, GNa and INa, but not with IKir. GNa, INa, and [Ca2+] varied with fiber type. HOPP fibers had increased [Ca2+]. The subject with TPP had values for GNa, INa, action potential threshold, IKir, and [Ca2+] that were similar to HOPP when T‐toxic and to controls when euthyroid. HOPP T‐toxic TPP fibers had altered GNa, INa, and IKir associated with elevation in [Ca2+]. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Atypical childhood chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Mohamed Ahmad R. , Rodriguez‐Casero M. Victoria , Ryan Monique M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an uncommon cause of progressive weakness in childhood. The diagnosis is easy when the clinical history and findings are supported by unequivocal electrophysiologic and laboratory evidence of demyelination, but it can be challenging if the criteria for demyelination are not met. We report a case of atypical childhood CIDP to highlight the diagnostic difficulties and the importance of recognizing this treatable condition. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Fibrosis inhibition and muscle histopathology improvement in laminin‐α2‐deficient mice
Authors: Nevo Yoram , Halevy Orna , Genin Olga , Moshe Itai , Turgeman Tidhar , Harel Michal , Biton Edva , Reif Shimon , Pines Mark 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn muscular dystrophies (MD) the loss of muscle and its ability to function are associated with fibrosis. We evaluated the efficacy of halofuginone in reducing fibrosis in the dy2J/dy2J mouse model of congenital MD. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 5 μg of halofuginone 3 times a week for 5 or 15 weeks, starting at the age of 3 weeks. Halofuginone caused a reduction in collagen synthesis in hindlimb muscles. This was associated with reductions in the degenerated area, in cell proliferation, in the number of myofibers with central nuclei, with increased myofiber diameter, and with enhanced motor coordination and balance. Halofuginone caused a reduction in infiltrating fibroblasts that were located close to centrally nucleated myofibers. Our results suggest that halofuginone reduced the deleterious effects of fibrosis, thus improving muscle integrity. Halofuginone meets the criteria for a novel antifibrotic therapy for MD patients. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Motor unit number index (MUNIX): A novel neurophysiological technique to follow disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Neuwirth Christoph , Nandedkar Sanjeev , StåLberg Erik , Weber Markus 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMotor unit number estimation techniques in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients are technically challenging and time‐consuming. The Motor Unit Number Index (MUNIX) is a novel technique based on surface‐EMG recordings and requires only 3–5 minutes per muscle. The objective was to explore the feasibility of longitudinal MUNIX measurements in ALS patients. In seven patients enrolled in a clinical trial, eight muscles were studied every 2 months for up to 15 months in addition to the revised ALS‐functional rating scale, slow vital capacity, and compound muscle action potentials. The method was well tolerated and easy to perform. Initial MUNIX measures were significantly reduced compared to controls (487 ± 194 vs. 1459 ± 113; P < 0.001). Relative drop from baseline paralleled the clinical course and was greater than the drop of other markers of disease progression. MUNIX measurements in multiple muscles are suitable for serial neurophysiologic investigations in ALS. Further longitudinal data are needed for reliability validation. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Prolonged 14‐day continuous infusion of high‐dose ifosfamide with an external portable pump: Feasibility and efficacy in refractory pediatric sarcoma
Authors: Meazza Cristina , Casanova Michela , Luksch Roberto , Podda Marta , Favini Francesca , Cefalo Graziella , Massimino Maura , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundIfosfamide is currently used to treat pediatric sarcomas and increasing its dosage may be associated with a better response rate. Prolonged continuous infusion seems an attractive administration modality.MethodsIfosfamide 14 g/m2 (with mesna 14 g/m2) was administered through an ambulatory portable pump over 14 days as a continuous infusion, starting every 3 weeks, in 14 patients with relapsing sarcomas. No growth factors were given.ResultsAcute grade 3 hematological toxicity was observed in only 13/66 cycles and red cell transfusions were given in two patients. Hematuria and dysuria occurred in three cases. The response rate was: five partial responses, five stable disease. The median time to progression was 3 months (range: 2–19 months). The best response rate was seen for synovial sarcoma and Ewing sarcoma.ConclusionProlonged 14‐day continuous infusion of high‐dose ifosfamide is well tolerated. Potentially interesting preliminary responses in pediatric patients already treated with ifosfamide are reported. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:617–620. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.