bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voltage‐Guided Ablation Technique for Cavotricuspid Isthmus‐Dependent Atrial Flutter: Refining the Continuous Line
Authors: JACOBSEN PETER K. , KLEIN GEORGE J. , GULA LORNE J. , KRAHN ANDREW D. , YEE RAYMOND , LEONG‐SIT PETER , MECHULAN ALEXIS , SKANES ALLAN C. 
Published: May 2012

Voltage‐Guided Ablation Technique for Cavotricuspid Isthmus‐Dependent Atrial Flutter. Ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus has become first‐line therapy for “isthmus‐dependent” atrial flutter. The goal of ablation is to produce bidirectional cavotricuspid isthmus block. Traditionally, this has been obtained by creation of a complete ablation line across the isthmus from the ventricular end to the inferior vena cava. This article describes an alternative method used in our laboratory. There is substantial evidence that conduction across the isthmus occurs preferentially over discrete separate bundles of tissue. Consequently, voltage‐guided ablation targeting only these bundles with large amplitude atrial electrograms results in a highly efficient alternate method for the interruption of conduction across the cavotricuspid isthmus. Understanding the bundle structure of conduction over the isthmus facilitates more flexible approaches to its ablation and targeting maximum voltages in our hands has resulted in reduction of ablation time and fewer recurrences. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 672–676, June 2012)
Electrode‐Limited Dielectric Breakdown of Alkali Free Glass
Authors: Murata Takashi , Dash Priyanka , Furman Eugene , Pantano Carlo , Lanagan Michael 
Published: May 2012

The dielectric breakdown statistics of alkali‐free glass was determined for various thicknesses with electrodes having controlled morphology and continuity. The characteristic electrical breakdown field strength increased from 400 to 1100 MV/m as the glass substrate thickness decreased from 58 to 5 μm, respectively. Surface roughness RMS values of as‐drawn and etched glass substrates were in the 0.9–1.8 nm range, which is small in comparison to the glass substrate thickness. The glass etching, itself did not have significant effect on the dielectric breakdown strength. The dielectric breakdown strength was also independent of the sputtered‐deposited electrode composition (Au, Pt); however, electrode thickness played an important role in controlling the breakdown process. The Au electrode morphology transitioned from a continuous sheet for thicker electrodes to discrete nano‐scale islands for very thin electrodes (<2 nm thick). The thin electrode morphology provides a unique opportunity to explore the intrinsic properties and high dielectric breakdown strength regime (1100 MV/m) in glasses with Weibull modulus values approaching 100.
Synthesis of Lithium Metasilicate Powders at Low Temperature via Mechanical Milling
Authors: Yang Aixia , Wang Huijun , Li Wei , Shi Jianlin 
Published: May 2012

The Li2SiO3 powder has been successfully synthesized at low temperature via mechanical milling process. By using LiOH·H2O and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as raw materials, Li2SiO3 powder with grain size of about 100 nm could be obtained at room temperature (~20°C) after mechanical milling for 120 h. This nano Li2SiO3 powder shows excellent thermal stability that no decomposing reaction or phase change would happen even after calcined at 900°C for 4 h. Experiments show that high concentration of the raw materials is helpful to the forming of Li2SiO3 phase. When the concentration of the raw materials is too low, no Li2SiO3 phase could be obtained. The investigation also shows that small content of B2O3 could accelerate the densifying speed of Li2SiO3 ceramics and decrease the thermal stability of Li2SiO3 phase.
Challenges in International Medicine: Ethical Dilemmas, Unanticipated Consequences, and Accepting Limitations
Authors: Iserson Kenneth V. , Biros Michelle H. , James Holliman C. 
Published: May 2012

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:683–692 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractWhile personal and organizational challenges occur in every area of health care, practitioners of international medicine face unique problems and dilemmas that are rarely discussed in training programs. Health professions schools, residency and fellowship programs, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and government programs have a responsibility to make those new to international medicine aware of the special circumstances that they may face and to provide methods for understanding and dealing with these circumstances.Standard “domestic” approaches to such challenges may not work in international medicine, even though these challenges may appear to be similar to those faced in other clinical settings. How should organizations ensure that well‐meaning health intervention efforts do not cause adverse unintended sequelae? How should an individual balance respect for cultural uniqueness and local mores that may profoundly differ from his or her own beliefs, with the need to remain a moral agent true to one’s self? When is acceptance the appropriate response to situations in which limitations of resources seem to preclude any good solution?Using a case‐based approach, the authors discuss issues related to the four major international medicine domains: clinical practice (postdisaster response, resource limitations, standards of care), medical systems and systems development (prehospital care, wartime casualties, sustainable change, cultural awareness), teaching (instruction and local resources, professional preparation), and research (questionable funded studies, clinical trials, observational studies). It is hoped that this overview may help prepare those involved with international medicine for the challenges and dilemmas they may face and help frame their responses to these situations.
Prevalence and risk factors for peri‐implant disease in Belgian adults
Authors: Marrone Alexandra , Lasserre Jérôme , Bercy Pierre , Brecx Michel C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate in a Belgian population the frequence of mucositis and peri‐implantitis in patients with implants of at least 5 years of function. Another outcome was to access implants/patients characteristics as possible risk indicators for peri‐implantitis.Material and methodsOne hundred and three patients (38 males/65 females) with a total of 266 implants were examined. Implants had been inserted in university hospitals as well as in private clinics and the mean time of implants in function was 8.5 years (±3.2). The average patients' age within the population was 62 years (±13.4). General health informations were recorded as well as habits regarding smoking, maintenance visits and oral hygiene. Full mouth clinical parameters (PlI, BoP, PPD) were assessed and radiographs taken to determine the periodontal status and implants diagnosis.ResultsPrevalences of mucositis and peri‐implantitis at the patient's level were respectively 31% and 37%. They were 38% and 23% at the implant's level. Subjects older than 65 years (OR = 1.39) and those with active periodontitis (OR = 1.98) were prone to peri‐implantitis. The association was stronger for hepatitis (OR = 2.92) and totally edentulous patients (OR = 5.56). Finally, at the implant's level, a significant correlation was found in the multi‐level analyses between rough surfaces, overdentures and peri‐implantitis.ConclusionAfter 8.5 years an important proportion (±60%) of implants presented biological complications. Furthermore, a positive correlation was showed between age, periodontitis, absence of teeth, rough surfaces and peri‐implantitis. Consequently, patients with such characteristics should be informed before implant placement and frequently re‐called after for maintenance visits.
The role of pericranium grafts in the reduction of postoperative dehiscences and bone resorption after reconstruction of severely deficient edentulous ridges with autogenous onlay bone grafts
Authors: Chiapasco Matteo , Autelitano Luca , Rabbiosi Dimitri , Zaniboni Marco 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurposeTo compare: (i) the incidence of soft tissue dehiscences; (ii) bone resorption before and after implant placement; and (iii) the survival and success rates of implants placed in two groups of patients with severe bone defects of the jaws reconstructed with autogenous onlay bone grafts alone (control group) or in association with autogenous pericranium coverage (study group).Material and methodsForty‐four patients affected by severe atrophy of the alveolar ridges underwent bone reconstruction with vertical/tridimensional autogenous onlay grafts harvested from the calvarium or the mandibular ramus. In 23 patients (study group), grafts were covered with autogenous pericranium before suturing, while in 21 patients (control group) no coverage of the grafts before suturing was performed. After a 4–7 month waiting period, 199 implants were placed (105 in the study group, 94 in the control group) and 3–4 months afterward prosthetic rehabilitation was carried out. The mean follow‐up after the start of prosthetic loading was 23.9 months (range: 12–48 months).ResultsThe incidence of soft tissue dehiscences was 5,7% in the study group and 16% in the control group. The mean graft resorption before implant placement was 0.12 mm (SD ± 0.32) in the study group and 0.98 mm (SD ± 2.79) in the control group. The mean peri‐implant bone resorption at the end of the follow‐up period was 0.21 mm (SD ± 0.48) in the study group and 0.43 mm (SD ± 0.83) in the control group. The survival rate of implants was 99.1% in the study group and 100% in the control group, while success rate was 96.2% in the study group and 93.6% in the control group.ConclusionsThe use of pericranium as an autogenous membrane for the coverage of onlay bone grafts seems to reduce the risk of soft tissue dehiscences after the reconstruction of atrophic edentulous ridges to reduce peri‐implant bone resorption over time, while it seems to have no significant effect in reducing bone resorption in the reconstructed areas before implant placement.
The absence of Brm exacerbates photocarcinogenesis
Authors: Halliday Gary M. , Zhou Yue , Sou Paul W. , Huang Xiao X. J. , Rana Sabita , Bugeja Matthew J. , Painter Nicole , Scolyer Richard A. , Muchardt Christian , Di Girolamo Nick , Guy Lyons J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBrm is an ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin–remodelling complex. Previously, we identified a novel hotspot mutation in Brm in human skin cancer, which is caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). As SWI/SNF is involved in DNA repair, we investigated whether Brm−/− mice had enhanced photocarcinogenesis. P53+/− and Brm−/−p53+/− mice were also examined as the p53 tumor suppressor gene is mutated early during human skin carcinogenesis. Mice were exposed to a low‐dose irradiation protocol that caused few skin tumors in wild‐type mice. Brm−/− mice with both p53 alleles intact had an increased incidence of skin and ocular tumors compared to Brm+/+p53+/+ controls. Brm loss in p53+/− mice did not further enhance skin or ocular cancer incidence beyond the increased photocarcinogenesis in p53+/− mice. However, the skin tumors that arose early in Brm−/− p53+/− mice had a higher growth rate. Brm−/− did not prevent UVR‐induced apoptotic sunburn cell formation, which is a protective response. Unexpectedly, Brm−/− inhibited UVR‐induced immunosuppression, which would be predicted to reduce rather than enhance photocarcinogenesis. In conclusion, the absence of Brm increased skin and ocular photocarcinogenesis. Even when one allele of p53 is lost, Brm has additional tumor suppressing capability.
Expression and localization of aquaporin‐1 in temporomandibular joint disc with internal derangement
Authors: Loreto Carla , Galanti Concetta , Almeida Luis Eduardo , Leonardi Rosalia , Pannone Giuseppe , Musumeci Giuseppe , Carnazza Maria Luisa , Caltabiano Rosario 
Published: May 2012

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 642–647Background:  Internal derangement is the most frequent arthropathy affecting the temporomandibular joint, where its commonest form is anterior disc displacement with or without reduction. Despite the frequency of the disorder, the biochemical features of displaced discs are still unclear.Methods:  We investigated the expression pattern and localization of aquaporin‐1, an important channel protein involved in plasma membrane water permeability, in patients with anterior disc displacement (both with and without reduction), with a view to assessing the characteristics of local tissue responses to the microenvironmental changes induced by abnormal mechanical loading of the displaced disc. Protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in different areas of discs from 18 patients with anterior disc displacement with or without reduction and in four normal controls.Results:  A greater proportion of cells immunopositive for aquaporin‐1 were detected in diseased than in normal discs. Whereas protein expression was substantially similar in the different areas of normal discs, a significantly larger number of immunopositive cells were detected in the posterior band of displaced discs without reduction and in the anterior and intermediate bands of those with reduction.Conclusions:  These findings suggest that aquaporin‐1 is expressed and upregulated in temporomandibular joint with anterior disc displacement (both with and without reduction).
Comparison of the efficacy of ALA‐PDT using an excimer‐dye laser (630 nm) and a metal‐halide lamp (600 to 740 nm) for treatment of Bowen's disease
Authors: Mizutani Kentaro , Akita Yoichi , Yanagishita Takeshi , Kimura Makoto , Tanaka Tohru , Kinoshita Yumi , Nakano Aki , Tamada Yasuhiko , Matsumoto Yoshinari , Watanabe Daisuke 
Published: May 2012

SummaryBackground/PurposeTopical 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐based photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT) is an effective treatment for Bowen's disease (BD). In order to compare the efficacy of two different light sources, using either an excimer‐dye laser (EDL) (630 nm) or a metal‐halide lamp (MHL) (600 to 740 nm) a protocol for topical ALA‐PDT for treatment of BD of the extremities was established, and responses during 12 months follow‐up were assessed.MethodsFrom 25 patients a total of 26 lesions that had been histopathologically diagnosed as BD from 2005 to 2010 in the Department of Dermatology at the Aichi Medical University Hospital were randomly selected. The light source used for the topical ALA‐PDT was EDL in 17 lesions and MHL in 9 lesions. The photosensitizing protoporphyrin IX that is produced within BD lesions 4 h after application of 20% ALA cream was mostly consumed after exposure to 100 J/cm2 irradiation using 630 nm EDL. Each lesion was irradiated once a week for 3 weeks, for a total dosage of 300 J/cm2 (100 mW/cm2). Patients were followed up clinically every 3 months for 12 months, and at 1 month after the final treatment lesions were evaluated histopathologically.ResultsHistologically, the complete response (CR) rate at 1‐month follow‐up was 82% (14/17 lesions) in the EDL treatment group and 100% (9/9 lesions) in the MHL treatment group (P > 0.05). The recurrence rate at 12 months after PDT was 46% (6/13 lesions, one patient lost to follow‐up) in the EDL group and 0% in the MHL group (P < 0.05) (χ2 test with Fisher's exact test). The average period before recurrence after EDL treatment was 6.5 months.ConclusionA novel protocol for topical ALA‐PDT in Japanese in Asian patients with BD was developed and implemented. The protocol improved the CR rate compared with previous studies. Moreover, the present results indicate that the efficacy of topical ALA‐PDT using MHL was superior to that using EDL for BD patients.
Immunohistochemical localization of CD1a and S100 in gingival tissues of healthy and chronic periodontitis subjects
Authors: Anjana R , Joseph LD , Suresh R 
Published: May 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 778–785Objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and distribution of CD1a and S100 protein markers in states of gingival health and chronic periodontitis in human subjects.Materials and Methods:  Gingival tissue samples were derived from 10 healthy and 10 chronic periodontitis‐affected human subjects. The presence and distribution of CD1a and S100 protein was assessed using immunohistochemistry, and the cell types involved in their expression was determined.Results:  The presence and distribution of CD1a was confined only to the gingival epithelium, whereas S100 was seen in the epithelium and connective tissue. However, increased expression of both CD1a and S100 protein was seen in periodontitis‐affected gingival tissues compared with healthy gingiva. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that CD1a‐ and S100‐positive cells in the epithelium are Langerhans cells (LCs) and S100 positive cells in the connective tissue are dendritic cells (DCs).Conclusion:  Our findings suggest the transition of CD1a‐positive LCs to S100‐positive DCs from epithelium to connective tissue in response to an antigenic challenge. Demonstration of increased number of S100‐positive DCs in the gingival connective tissue in chronic periodontitis possibly suggests their involvement in bone resorption in addition to their antigen presentation property.
Frequency of lower respiratory tract infections in relation to adaptive immunity in children with Down syndrome compared to their healthy siblings
Authors: Broers Chantal JM , Gemke Reinoud JBJ , Weijerman Michel E , Kuik Dirk‐J , van Hoogstraten Ingrid MW , van Furth A Marceline 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  Children with Down syndrome (DS) experience respiratory tract infections (RTIs) more frequently than healthy children. We investigated whether this is related to different immunological characteristics associated with DS.Methods:  The study group consisted of 22 children with DS and 22 of their healthy, age‐range matched siblings. Data were collected on infections and hospitalizations because of lower RTIs. Immunoglobulin and IgG subclass levels in blood, as well as lymphocyte and T cell (subset) counts, were determined.Results:  The children with DS had a significantly higher frequency of lower RTIs and related hospitalization than their siblings. We also found significantly reduced IgG2 levels as well as significantly lower counts of total lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ invariant natural killer (iNKT) cells and regulatory T cells in the DS group.Conclusion:  In children with DS, reduced levels of IgG2, total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, iNKT cells and regulatory T cells might contribute to their higher susceptibility to lower RTIs.
Shakespeare and Friendship: An Intersection of Interest
Authors: Garrison John 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis essay examines the role of friendship in Shakespeare’s work. Friendship was a highly valued social relation in early modern England and constituted an important theme for humanist writers attempting to revive the virtues associated with classical antiquity. Recent scholarship has demonstrated how the terms of friendship helped legitimate and define social ties ranging from those between literary collaborators to those between political allies. Shakespeare’s work frequently depicts friendship’s complex relationship to rivalry and to marriage, as well as how same‐sex relations offered a means to navigate group environs including the martial encampment, the marketplace, and the court. These depictions at times come into conflict with a major Renaissance humanist concept of friendship as a relationship characterized by parity and lack of self‐interest. This essay focuses on recent critical approaches that have opened new lines of inquiry into the role of friendship in Shakespeare’s plays and poetry, especially with regards to how his work may attempt to reconcile friendship ideals with the increasing opportunities for advancement in England’s expanding economy and increasingly diverse social sphere.
Pathological response and prognosis of stage III non‐small cell lung cancer patients treated with induction chemoradiation
Authors: ISOBE Kazutoshi , HATA Yoshinobu , SAKAGUCHI Shinji , SATO Fumitomo , TAKAHASHI Shoji , SATO Keita , SANO Go , SUGINO Keishi , SAKAMOTO Susumu , TAKAI Yujiro , MITSUDA Aki , TERAHARA Atsuro , SHIBUYA Kazutoshi , TAKAGI Keigo , HOMMA Sakae 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between pathological effects and the prognosis of patients with stage III non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with induction chemoradiation.Methods:  Patients who were untreated and potentially resectable with stage III NSCLC were enrolled. They received carboplatin and docetaxel with concurrent radiotherapy (5 × 2 Gy/week with a total dose of 40 Gy) followed by surgery. We assessed the relationship between the pathological effect (Ef) (Ef 1: slight pathological response, Ef 2: moderate pathological response, Ef 3: complete pathological response) and prognosis.Results:  In all, 30 patients with stage III NSCLC (24 men and 6 women, mean age 60.7 years, 17 with adenocarcinomas and 13 with squamous cell carcinomas, 21 with clinical stage IIIA and nine with stage IIIB) participated in the trial and underwent induction chemoradiation. A total of 27 patients (90%) with complete response, partial response and stable disease had surgical resection. The pathological effect was Ef 1 and Ef 2 in 10 patients each, and Ef 3 in seven patients. Median survival was 10.9 months in patients with Ef 1 and 49.6 months in patients with Ef 2. Six out of seven Ef 3 patients are alive at the time of writing with a mean survival of 77.1 months (14–104 months). There was a significant difference in overall survival based on pathological effect rating (P = 0.0036).Conclusion:  The Ef rating was well correlated with prognosis after induction chemoradiation.
Cuticle and muscle variation underlying phenotypic plasticity in barnacle feeding leg and penis form
Authors: Neufeld Christopher J. , Rankine Cassidy 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMany aspects of barnacle body form are known to be developmentally plastic. Perhaps the most striking examples of such plasticity occur in their feeding legs and unusually long penises, the sizes and shapes of which can change dramatically and adaptively with changes in conspecific density and local water flow conditions. However, whether variation in overall appendage form is mirrored by structural responses in cuticle and muscle is not known. In order to determine how structural variation underlies phenotypic plasticity in barnacle appendages, we examined barnacles occurring at low and high population densities from one wave‐protected and one wave‐exposed site. We used histological sectioning and fluorescence microscopy of feeding legs and penises to compare cuticle thickness, muscle thickness, and muscle organization, and artificial penis inflation to compare penis extensibility. We observed striking differences in cuticle thickness, muscle thickness, and muscle organization between sites that differed in water velocity, but we found no clear differences associated with variation in conspecific density. Penis extensibility also did not differ consistently between sites. These results are consistent with an adaptive explanation for much of the remarkable and complex variation in barnacle feeding leg and penis morphology among sites that differ in water velocity.