bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal equilibrium convection and land surface–atmosphere interactions in an idealized cloud‐resolving model
Authors: Schlemmer Linda , Hohenegger Cathy , Schmidli Juerg , Schär Christoph 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe influence of soil moisture and atmospheric stability on mid‐latitude diurnal convection and land–atmosphere exchange is investigated in an idealized cloud‐resolving modelling framework using a full set of parametrization schemes. In each member of a series of month‐long experiments, the model attains a state where deep, precipitating convection is triggered every day. This state is referred to as equilibrium diurnal convection. The triggering occurs via different mechanisms depending on the atmosphere–soil setting. In our framework latent heat fluxes comprise the primary control over the precipitation amounts. We find that evaporation is regulated by the availability of energy on the one hand and the availability of soil moisture and the near‐surface saturation deficit of the atmosphere on the other. Increased cloud cover over wet soils reduces net short‐wave radiation but increases net long‐wave radiation, leading to a near‐compensation of the two effects on available energy. Increased boundary layer moisture is removed by deep convection, thus increasing the near‐surface saturation deficit and preventing a negative feedback of boundary layer moisture content on the latent heat fluxes. We also find that there is a spatial correlation between soil moisture and precipitation anomalies, suggesting that the soil moisture precipitation feedback acts on a scale of 10–50 km. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
The Impact of Effort–Reward Imbalance and Learning Motivation on Teachers' Sickness Absence
Authors: Derycke Hanne , Vlerick Peter , Van de Ven Bart , Rots Isabel , Clays Els 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyse the impact of the effort–reward imbalance and learning motivation on sickness absence duration and sickness absence frequency among beginning teachers in Flanders (Belgium).A total of 603 teachers, who recently graduated, participated in this study. Effort–reward imbalance and learning motivation were assessed by means of self‐administered questionnaires. Prospective data of registered sickness absence during 12 months follow‐up were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.An imbalance between high efforts and low rewards (extrinsic hypothesis) was associated with longer sickness absence duration and more frequent absences. A low level of learning motivation (intrinsic hypothesis) was not associated with longer sickness absence duration but was significantly positively associated with sickness absence frequency. No significant results were obtained for the interaction hypothesis between imbalance and learning motivation. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of the impact of psychosocial work conditions and personal resources on both sickness absence duration and frequency. Specifically, attention could be given to optimizing or reducing efforts spent at work, increasing rewards and stimulating learning motivation to influence sickness absence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The temporal effects of relative and firm‐level absorptive capacity on interorganizational learning
Authors: Schildt Henri , Keil Thomas , Maula Markku 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe examine how determinants of absorptive capacity influence learning in alliances over time. Using longitudinal patent cross‐citation data, we find an inverted U‐shaped pattern over time that is influenced by firm‐level and relational factors. Technological similarity only modestly increases learning in the initial stages of a relationship, but moderate levels substantially increase knowledge flows later in the alliance. High technological diversity is related to higher initial learning rates, but the effects diminish over time. Somewhat surprisingly, research and development intensity is negatively related to initial learning rates but has a considerable positive effect later in the relationship. We suggest that initial learning rates in alliances may be constrained by the capacity to absorb knowledge, while later‐stage outcomes are constrained by exploitation capacity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Upregulation of dysbindin in temporal lobe epileptic foci of human and experimental animals
Authors: Zhang Ying , Xu Yali , Zhu Qiong , Zhao Fenghua , Luo Jing , Zhang Xiaogang , Wang Xuefeng 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe gene encoding dystrobrevin‐binding‐protein‐1 (dysbindin) is expressed in many areas of the central nervous system and plays a role in intracellular vesicle trafficking, synaptic vesicle trafficking, and neurotransmitter release. At a cellular level, dysbindin is thought to mediate presynaptic glutamatergic transmission. Using Western blotting and immunofluorescence, we investigated dysbindin expression in brain tissues of the patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and rats with TLE (lithium chloride pilocarpine model) to explore its possible role in epileptogenesis. Twenty‐five samples of temporal neocortex from patients undergoing surgery for drug‐refractory TLE epilepsy and 10 histologically normal temporal lobes tissues from control subjects were used in our study. We also examined dysbindin expression in the hippocampus and adjacent cortex from experimental Sprague–Dawley rats. Dysbindin was expressed in the cytoplasm of neurons from epileptic specimens, and levels of dysbindin proteins were significantly increased in patients with TLE. Dysbindin was also expressed in the neurons of the hippocampus and adjacent cortex from experimental and control rats. Western blotting of rat brain tissue showed that dysbindin was upregulated gradually from 6 h after kindling. Maximal expression was seen around 2 months in chronic epileptic phase. These results demonstrated that the increased expression of dysbindin might play a role in the pathogenesis of drug‐refractory TLE. Synapse, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of size, specific gravity, and head position on the swallowing of solid preparations
Authors: Kasashi Kumiko , Tei Kanchu , Totsuka Yasunori , Yamada Takehiro , Iseki Ken 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim: To clarify the influence of size and specific gravity of solid preparations, and the position of healthy volunteers when swallowing, for the purpose of practical use in patient consultation regarding the taking of medicines.Materials and methods: The paper reports three studies. Volunteers were asked to swallow four different capsules (A, large and heavy; B, large and light; C, small and heavy; D, small and light) in Study 1, two preparations with different positions (upright, horizontal, and chin‐down) in Study 2, and two preparations before and after anesthetization of the bilateral lingual and inferior alveolar nerve in Study 3. The oral transit time (OTT) and pharyngeal transit time (PTT) were evaluated with videofluoroscopy.Results: The mean OTT became longer in the order of C, D, B, A. The mean PTT showed no statistically significant differences. The swallowing preference of the four preparations ranked by the subjects showed that difference in size but not the difference in specific gravity is a significant factor. In the chin‐down position, OTT was shorter for two preparations, compared with the other two positions. The mean OTT for both the A and B preparations was significantly longer after the bilateral lingual and inferior alveolar nerves were anesthetized.Conclusion: When swallowing solid preparations, a consideration of size and the position will enable ease of swallowing of medicines. This would especially be the case when delivery of the medicines to be taken by the aged suffering from oral hypoesthesia caused by an underlying disease.
Rhazes in the Renaissance of Andreas Vesalius
Authors: Compier Abdul Haq 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAndreas Vesalius' (1514–64) first publication was a Paraphrasis of the ninth book of the Liber ad Almansorem, written by the Arab–Persian physician and alchemist Rhazes (854–925). The role of Rhazes in Vesalius' oeuvre has thus far been much disregarded. The different ways Rhazes recurs reveal an intellectual evolution in Vesalius' work. In the Paraphrasis, Vesalius subjects Rhazes to the authority of Galen in the context of the early sixteenth-century humanist campaign for the substitution of Arab influences by Greek ‘originals’. Over the years Vesalius continues his work on Rhazes, but his approach becomes more internationalistic. Ultimately, Vesalius criticises Galen while expressing sympathy for the Arab author. This may be the more significant as Rhazes could have influenced Vesalius in the act of criticising Galen – critical discussions of Galen were available to Vesalius in Latin translations of Rhazes's Liber Continens. Although Vesalius never refers to the work, it is hardly possible he was unaware of it: similarities in structure, rhetoric and form between the Continens and the De humani corporis fabrica could support this hypothesis.
‘By Merit Raised to That Bad Eminence’: Christopher Merrett, Artisanal Knowledge, and Professional Reform in Restoration London
Authors: Mauck Aaron 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article examines the career and reform agenda of Christopher Merrett as a means of evaluating the changing conditions of medical knowledge production in late seventeenth-century London. This period was characterised by increasing competition between medical practitioners, resulting from the growing consumer demand for medical commodities and services, the reduced ability of elite physicians to control medical practice, and the appearance of alternative methods of producing medical knowledge – particularly experimental methods. This competition resulted in heated exchanges between physicians, apothecaries, and virtuosi, in which Merrett played an active part. As a prominent member of both the Royal Society and the Royal College of Physicians, Merrett sought to mediate between the two institutions by introducing professional reforms designed to alleviate competition and improve medical knowledge.These reforms entailed sweeping changes to medical regulation and education that integrated the traditional reliance on Galenic principles with knowledge derived from experiment and artisanal practices. The emphasis Merrett placed on the trades suggests the important role artisanal knowledge played in his efforts to reorganise medicine and improve knowledge of bodily processes.
Explaining Local Authority Choices on Public Hospital Provision in the 1930s: A Public Policy Hypothesis
Authors: Neville Julia 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article summarises the findings of recent work on local authority public hospital services in England and Wales in the inter-war years and identifies the lack of a robust hypothesis to explain the variations found, particularly one that would explain the actions of county councils as well as county boroughs. Using public policy techniques on a group of local authorities in the far South West it proposes that variations can be explained by an understanding of the deep core beliefs of councillors, their previous experience of ‘commissioner’ and ‘provider’ roles, and the availability or otherwise of a dedicated policy entrepreneur to promote change.
Empiric Management of Cyanide Toxicity Associated with Smoke Inhalation
Authors: O’Brien Daniel J. , Walsh Donald W. , Terriff Colleen M. , Hall Alan H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEnclosed-space smoke inhalation is the fifth most common cause of all unintentional injury deaths in the United States. Increasingly, cyanide has been recognized as a significant toxicant in many cases of smoke inhalation. However, it cannot be emergently verified. Failure to recognize the possibility of cyanide toxicity may result in inadequate treatment. Findings suggestive cyanide toxicity include: (1) a history of an enclosed-space fire scene in which smoke inhalation was likely; (2) the presence of oropharyngeal soot or carbonaceous expectorations; (3) any alteration of the level of consciousness, and particularly, otherwise inexplicable hypotension (systolic blood pressure ≤90 mmHg in adults). Prehospital studies have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of empiric treatment with hydroxocobalamin for patients with suspected smoke inhalation cyanide toxicity. Although United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved since 2006, the lack of efficacy data has stymied the routine use of this potentially lifesaving antidote. Based on a literature review and on-site observation of the Paris Fire Brigade, emergency management protocols to guide empiric and early hydroxocobalamin administration in smoke inhalation victims with high-risk presentations are proposed.
A Second Case Report of Lleuprolide Acetate for Depot Suspension-Induced Mania
Authors: Wahi Monika M. , Skeate Robert C. , Goldin Steven B. , Santana Carlos A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis is the second published case report of Lleuprolide acetate for depot suspension (LD)-induced mania. Both reports detail a patient with a prior psychiatric history of both depressive and hypomanic episodes. While depression is a predictable and documented side effect of LD and menopause (especially in those with a previous
history of symptoms), manic reactions are rare and unexplained. Possible causative mechanisms
behind the LD-induced manic episodes are discussed, and we suggest that patients with a single previous hypomanic episode are at risk for LD-induced mania.
Observations of inorganic bromine (HOBr, BrO, and Br2) speciation at Barrow, Alaska, in spring 2009
Authors: Liao J. , Huey L. G. , Tanner D. J. , Flocke F. M. , Orlando J. J. , Neuman J. A. , Nowak J. B. , Weinheimer A. J. , Hall S. R. , Smith J. N. , Fried A. , Staebler R. M. , Wang Y. , Koo J.‐H. , Cantrell C. A. , Weibring P. , Walega J. , Knapp D. J. , Shepson P. B. , Stephens C. R. 
Published: February 2012

Inorganic bromine plays a critical role in ozone and mercury depletions events (ODEs and MDEs) in the Arctic marine boundary layer. Direct observations of bromine species other than bromine oxide (BrO) during ODEs are very limited. Here we report the first direct measurements of hypobromous acid (HOBr) as well as observations of BrO and molecular bromine (Br2) by chemical ionization mass spectrometry at Barrow, Alaska in spring 2009 during the Ocean‐Atmospheric‐Sea Ice‐Snowpack (OASIS) campaign. Diurnal profiles of HOBr with maximum concentrations near local noon and no significant concentrations at night were observed. The measured average daytime HOBr mixing ratio was 10 pptv with a maximum value of 26 pptv. The observed HOBr was reasonably well correlated (R2 = 0.57) with predictions from a simple steady state photochemical model constrained to observed BrO and HO2 at wind speeds <6 m s−1. However, predicted HOBr levels were considerably higher than observations at higher wind speeds. This may be due to enhanced heterogeneous loss of HOBr on blowing snow coincident with higher wind speeds. BrO levels were also found to be higher at elevated wind speeds. Br2 was observed in significant mixing ratios (maximum = 46 pptv; average = 13 pptv) at night and was strongly anti‐correlated with ozone. The diurnal speciation of observed gas phase inorganic bromine species can be predicted by a time‐dependent box model that includes efficient heterogeneous recycling of HOBr, hydrogen bromide (HBr), and bromine nitrate (BrONO2) back to more reactive forms of bromine.
Assessing the Accuracy of Radio Astronomy Source-Finding Algorithms
Authors: Westerlund S. , Harris C. , Westmeier T. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis work presents a method for determining the accuracy of a source finder algorithm for spectral line radio astronomy data and the Source Finder Accuracy Evaluator (SFAE), a program that implements this method. The accuracy of a source finder is defined in terms of its completeness, reliability, and accuracy of the parameterisation of the sources that were found. These values are calculated by executing the source finder on an image with a known source catalogue, then comparing the output of the source finder to the known catalogue. The intended uses of SFAE include determining the most accurate source finders for use in a survey, determining the types of radio sources a particular source finder is capable of accurately locating, and identifying optimum parameters and areas of improvement for these algorithms. This paper demonstrates a sample of accuracy information that can be obtained through this method, using a simulated ASKAP data cube and the duchamp source finder.
A method of finding optimal weight factors for compound identification in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Kim Seongho , Koo Imhoi , Wei Xiaoli , Zhang Xiang 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Motivation: The compound identification in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is achieved by matching the experimental mass spectrum to the mass spectra in a spectral library. It is known that the intensities with higher m/z value in the GC–MS mass spectrum are the most diagnostic. Therefore, to increase the relative significance of peak intensities of higher m/z value, the intensities and m/z values are usually transformed with a set of weight factors. A poor quality of weight factors can significantly decrease the accuracy of compound identification. With the significant enrichment of the mass spectral database and the broad application of GC–MS, it is important to re-visit the methods of discovering the optimal weight factors for high confident compound identification.
Results: We developed a novel approach to finding the optimal weight factors only through a reference library for high accuracy compound identification. The developed approach first calculates the ratio of skewness to kurtosis of the mass spectral similarity scores among spectra (compounds) in a reference library and then considers a weight factor with the maximum ratio as the optimal weight factor. We examined our approach by comparing the accuracy of compound identification using the mass spectral library maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The results demonstrate that the optimal weight factors for fragment ion peak intensity and m/z value found by the developed approach outperform the current weight factors for compound identification.
Availability: The results and R package are available at http://stage.louisville.edu/faculty/x0zhan17/software/ software-development.
Contact: s0kim023@louisville.edu; xiang.zhang@louisville.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Transaxillary Approach Short- and Mid-Term Results in a Single-Center Experience
Authors: Cioni Micaela , Taramasso Maurizio , Giacomini Andrea , Montorfano Matteo , Latib Azeem , Colombo Antonio , Alfieri Ottavio , Maisano Francesco 
Published: February 2012

Objective Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is increasingly accepted as an alternative procedure in patients with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis and high risk for surgical aortic valve replacement. Transfemoral (TF) approach is the first option when feasible, but in case of peripheral vascular disease this approach is precluded. In our institution, for this kind of patients we considered transaxillary (TAx) approach as second choice and transapical (TAp) or transaortic (TAa) as last routes. This study describes short- and mid-term morbidity and mortality for TAx approach. Methods From November 2007 to March 2011, 284 patients underwent TAVI at our site; 229 treated by TF approach, 22 TAp, 2 TAa, and 31 TAx. Four patients were treated with an Edwards Sapien valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Inc., Irvine, CA USA) with TAx approach and 27 with CoreValve Revalving System (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN USA). TAx TAVI was performed in cath-laboratory with local anesthesia and mild sedation by a multispeciality valve team. We analyzed major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, major adverse valve-related events, vascular complications, and 30 days and 6 months mortality. Results The procedural success rate (successful implantation of the device without intraprocedural mortality or need to conversion to open heart surgery) was 96.8% (30/31). Major adverse valve-related events were 12.9% (4/31). 30-day mortality was 6.4% (2/31) and actuarial survival at 6 months was 82.95% ± 7.96%. In one patient, procedure was converted to a TF CoreValve in emergency for hemodynamic instability after valvuloplasty due to severe difficulty to introduce the Edwards valve in the subclavian artery. Conclusions TAx approach is a feasible and technically simple procedure with encouraging results considering morbidity and mortality at short- and mid-term follow-up. TAx is a valid solution in patients with contraindications to TF approach and it is an alternative approach potentially less invasive than TAp or TAa.
Experience with Robotic Lobectomy for Lung Cancer
Authors: Veronesi Giulia , Agoglia Bernardo G , Melfi Franca , Maisonneuve Patrick , Bertolotti Raffaella , Bianchi Paolo P. , Rocco Bernardo , Borri Alessandro , Gasparri Roberto , Spaggiari Lorenzo 
Published: February 2012

Objective In this study, we analyze our experience so far with robotic pulmonary lobectomy, compare it with published data, and suggest a learning curve for the operation. Methods Ninety-one patients with suspected or proven clinical stage I–III lung cancer underwent robotic lobectomy. Selection criteria included lesion ≤5 cm and normal respiratory function. One surgeon performed the operations using the da Vinci system with three ports and a 3-cm utility thoracotomy. Results Median duration of operation was 239 (range 85–411) minutes, 260 minutes in the first 18 patients and 221 minutes in the remaining 73 cases (P = 0.01). Median hospitalization declined from 6 days in the first 18 cases to 5 days in the remaining cases (P = 0.002). Conversion rate and number of complications reduced nonsignificantly from the initial to later series. Major complications occurred in 11% of the first 18 cases and 4% of the later cases. The number of lymph nodes removed did not change over the two series. There was no 30-day postoperative mortality. After a median follow-up of 24 months, 80 of 91 patients were alive with no sign of disease. Conclusions Our data suggest that about 20 operations are required to achieve surgical competence. Robotic lobectomy appears safe, oncologically radical, and associated with shorter postoperative hospitalization than open surgery.