bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Therapeutic Efficacy of Mental Disorders as Necessary Stage to Develop a Classification of Mental Diseases of XI Revision
Authors: Maruta N. , Semikina O. 
Published: March 2009

A conception of a mental health is treated very ambiguous. Along with this an assessment of treatment efficacy for mentally ill persons includes a significant number of criteria which are changed continuously in time. Always there is a number of factors influencing on a development, course and outcome of disease. All of them might be considered as predictors of treatment efficacy and must be taken into account in a choice of criteria for therapeutic efficacy.At the “Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Narcology of the AMS of Ukraine” State Institution an investigation of 184 patients with neurotic disorders had been performed with analysis of predictors of therapeutic efficacy and on the base of data obtained criteria for assessment of treatment efficacy were improved. 81 male and 103 female patients from 18 to 60 years old were examined.Clinical-psychopathological and pathopsychological predictors with a negative and positive influence on therapeutic efficacy were defined. The most significant of them were included into an integrative index of therapeutic efficacy for patients with neurotic disorders. It consists of such parameters as structure of psychopathological manifestations, level of psychotrauma generalization, level of compliance between the patient and his/her physician and surrounding, peculiarities of personality accentuations, level of a subjective self-control, patient's anxiety and rigidity, importance of a social and personal self-realization, type of attitude to the disease. These actual issues must be taken into account in a psychotherapeutic process. That will allow to increase its efficacy and to prevent recurrence of the disease.
Comparative Study Between North American and Brazilian Children in the Computerized and Manual Versions of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
Authors: Miranda M.C. , Coelho L.F. , Bueno O.F.A. 
Published: March 2009

The WCST has shown to be useful in detecting frontal-lobe dysfunctions in patients with ADHD, schizophrenic patients, Parkinson's disease. The computerized version of the WCST is based on the same normative data developed previously for the standard (manual) 128-card version. However, the equivalence of the measures of both versions has not yet been investigated.The present study investigated the performance of a sample of Brazilian children aged 6-10 years, using the computerized version of the WCST. The results were compared to those of Brazilian and American children which used the manual version.The Brazilian sample in the present study was composed of 400 children. The comparison between groups was carried out by age-group using t student test.Results showed significant differences of North American children (manual version) in almost all measures in the age groups, where the Brazilian children presented a poorer performance. The comparison between the Brazilian samples (manual and computerized version) showed differences only in some measures; however, children of the present study obtained higher scores than those which used the manual version.In conclusion, the differences between computerized and manual versions in both Brazilian samples indicate that the norms provided for the manual version should not be used for the computerized version. The comparison between American and Brazilian samples also indicates that regional normative data must be provided for computerized WCST adaptations.
Diverse Dimensions of the Cotard’s Syndrome - an Approach Towards a Clear Classification of the Phenomenon
Authors: Nagy A. , Voros V. , Tenyi T. 
Published: March 2009

Aim:The authors present the Cotard's syndrome, a rare psychiatric condition, pointing out the latest results in terms of psychoneurology and classification of the phenomenon. The central feature of the syndrome is a nihilistic delusion, in which the patient denies his or her own existence and that of the external world.Method:We searched electronic scientific databases using the appropriate search terms; relevant articles were carefully reviewed. We also present three cases from our clinical practice.Results:After the overview of the latest biological and neuropsychological findings, the terminology, the nosology, the classification and the differential diagnostics are discussed. To sum up with useful information for the clinical practice, the possible treatment strategies, the course and the prognosis of the disease are also presented.Conclusions:The reported cases together with the reviewed literature suggest that a dimensional system of classifying Cotard's syndrome is preferable. At the one end of the spectrum is the presence of the pure nihilistic delusions, appearing as a symptom of an underlying psychiatric or neurological condition. The full-blown, classical syndrome as a diagnostic category forms the other end of the spectrum. The presented theoretical and practical aspects give a lead on deeper understanding, easier recognition and more adequate therapy of the Cotard's syndrome.
Anhedonia at Psychiatric In-patients
Authors: Orlova N. , Shkliar M. 
Published: March 2009

Objectives:Anhedonia - loss of the capacity to experience pleasure, the inability to gain pleasure from normally pleasurable experiences - is a core clinical feature of some psychiatric illnesses and very important symptom of many somatic disorders. Its classification and treatment are very actual problems of modern psychiatry.Methods:For assessment anhedonia level at psychiatry in-patients we used the “Scale for physical and social anhedonia” Chapman L&J.Results:279 psychiatry in-patients with mental illnesses (Schizophrenia, Mood disorders and etc.) (174 men, 105 women) with a mean age of 36, 42 (±0, 9) and 123 healthy controls (75 men, 48 women) with a mean age of 36, 49 (±1, 8) were examine by this scale. 50, 54 % cases (n=141) had anhedonia (p≤0, 05). At patients with diagnostic category 298 (DSM-IV-TR) anhedonia was in 67% cases (n=93), diagnostic category 296 (DSM-IV- TR) anhedonia was in 21% cases (n=31). Other diagnostic categories DSM-IV-TR were insignificant. At healthy controls anhedonia was in 21, 1% cases (n=26). The factor analysis was selected subtypes of anhedonia in mental illnesses. We studied the correlation of level anhedonia and prolactin level in blood at patients who had treatment by atypical antipsychotic. This correlation was significant (p≤0, 05).Conclusion:Results of analyze the modern literature and owner data may tell us about pathogenetics subtypes of anhedonia. There are: in depression, in schizophrenia and in hyperprolactinemia. This clinical classification may ability for effective treatment these patients.
Cotard’s Delusion: A Clinical and Conceptual Overview
Authors: Rodrigues T. , Passos M. , Pereira H. 
Published: March 2009

Background:In 1880, the French neurologist Jules Cotard described a specific kind of nihilistic delusion which the patient believed that she no longer existed. Since then, this rare condition known as Cotard's Syndrome or Cotard's Delusion (CD) has intrigued clinicians and investigators.Aims:To present CD's features, including historical, clinical, etiopathological, and treatment issues.Method:Case report of a 49-year-old woman with fully developed CD; review of the literature.Results:There is still a considerable debate concerning the nature of this phenomenon - whether it should be conceptualized as a psychiatric symptom or as a syndromatic entity.CD may appear in different severity levels, and most authors accept the idea of a spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from the belief of loosing intellectual capacities to the extreme belief of non-existence of life and the universe.This manifestation has been identified in patients with distinct diagnosis, mostly in severe depression, but also in schizophrenia and psycho-organic syndromes.Treatment should be chosen according to the underlying pathology.Conclusion:Over the last few years, new contributions from neuropsychological and imaging studies have brought interesting approaches to understand CD's underlying mechanisms. At the moment, CD does not fit clearly into any category of the current systems of classification. Future investigations should address the pathophysiological nature of CD and its place in the new, etiopathologically-oriented, classification systems.
Searching for Variables Associated with Familial Suicide Attempts Using Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Saiz-Gonzalez D. , Baca-García E. , Perez-Rodriguez M. , Villamor I. Basurte , Saiz-Ruiz J. , Rio J.M. Leiva-del , De Prado Cumplido M. , Santiago-Mozos R. , Rodriguez A. Artes , De Leon J. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Adoption, twin and family studies suggest that suicide behavior is familial and heritable. Both completed and attempted suicide appear to be transmitted in a familial form. Genetics and environment influences had been detected in various studies. But suicidal behavior suggests to be inherited independently from the mental disorders usually associated with it. While traditional statistics emphasizes inference and estimations, data mining emphasizes the fulfillment of a task such as classification, estimation, or knowledge discovery.Objectives:The goal of this study was to determine in a large sample of suicide attempts which variables are associated with family history of attempted suicide.Methods:In an emergency room, 539 adult suicide attempters were recruited. The two dichotomous dependent variables were family history of suicide attempt (10%) and of completed suicide (4%). Independent variables were 101 clinical variables explored with two data mining techniques: Random Forest and Forward Selection.Results:A model for family history of completed suicide could not be developed. A classificatory model for family history of attempted suicide included the use of alcohol in the intent and family history of completed suicide, provide a sensitivity of 78.4%, a specificity of 98.7% and accuracy of 96.6%.Conclusions:A classificatory model for family history of completed suicide could not be developed using data mining techniques. But it suggested that the use of alcohol in the intent and family history of completed suicide may be associated with familial attempted suicide.
Trichobezoar and Rapunzel Syndrome: When Nobody Comes to Rescue - a Review and Case Report
Authors: Santos T. , Madeira N. , Ferreira J. , Vicente C. , Pires J.F. , Molinar G. , Noronha J. 
Published: March 2009

Trichobezoar was first described by Baudomant in 1779. This rare entity consists of a compact mass of hair occupying the gastric cavity to a various extent. When the trichobezoar extends past the duodenum it is better referred to as Rapunzel Syndrome.It is only reliably diagnosed by CT scan and its size may require removal by open surgery.Albeit trichobezoars are well described in terms of surgical diagnostic and procedure, there are only but scarce reports on psychiatric literature. It is estimated that 30% of cases of trichotillophagia are of patients suffering from tricotillomania, and that 1% of those will eventually require surgical treatment.The authors report a clinical case of trichobezoar without known trichotillomania, and revise the existing relevant literature, focusing on psychiatric evaluation and management.
Hoarding and Shopping: What is Compulsive and What is Not - Two Case Reports
Authors: Santos T. , Madeira N. , Ferreira J. 
Published: March 2009

Compulsive hoarding has been generally described as the compulsive acquisition of possessions and the inability to discard them. It has been considered as a syndrome consisting of compulsive acquisition, difficulty discarding and clutter. It is described mainly in association with obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCDs) and in geriatric populations, although it may be seen in a range of other disorders.Compulsive buying or shopping disorder has been characterized by excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations, urges, or behaviours regarding shopping and spending that lead to subjective distress or impaired functioning. Although it has been considered as part of impulse control disorders, it has also been reported associated with other disorders.These two entities have raised relevant questions regarding whether they are part of dimensional or categorical constructs, symptoms or well established disorders. By presenting two case reports, the authors address some of these issues and the existing scientific literature.
Psychiatric Assessment of Anxiety and Depression in Medical Patient
Authors: Telles-Correia D. , Barbosa A. , Mega I. 
Published: March 2009

Anxiety and depression are very common in patients with medical illness and can be associated to a reduction in quality of life and a poor clinical evolution.The actual concept of anxiety is based on many theoretical models as Goldstein's anxiety model, State/trate anxiety model, Lazarus' transactional stress model. The concept of depression is based on models such as Beck's Cognitive Model and Seligman's learned helplessness model of depression.The link between anxiety/depression and medical illness can be of two kinds: biological (immunological, neuroendocrine, inflammatory systems) and behavioural (coping strategies, adherence to medical advice and prescription, etc).A dimensional approach should be used to access anxiety and depression in medical once the thresholds of depression and anxiety that are associated with medical outcomes are not known.Both self report and rating scale/interview measurements have certain advantages as well as certain inherent disadvantages. Neither approach is universally better than other.Some of the most used instruments are Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM), Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS), Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).The only scale validated exclusively to access depression and anxiety in medical population, and that can overcome the influence that medical disease has in depression and anxiety is HADS.
Catatonia in Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Wachtel L.E. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:This paper reviews the presence of catatonia in neurodevelopmental disorders, with emphasis on autism spectrum disorders. Clinical presentations are reviewed, followed by catatonia treatment algorithms including lorazepam and ECT.Method:A literature review of catatonia in autistic, developmentally disabled and neurologically impaired populations was conducted. This was combined with the author's experience with patients with autism as well as traumatic, infectious and congenital brain injuries, all of whom developed frank catatonia.Results:Catatonia is a unique neurobiological syndrome with multiple psychiatric, neurological, medical and drug-related etiologies. Most commonly associated with bipolar affective illness, catatonia has also been found in 12-17% of patients with autism. Other neurodevelopmental disorders may similarly present with catatonia. Blueprints for treatment of catatonia include lorazepam and electroconvulsive therapy. While current literature supports the appropriateness, safety and efficacy of ECT for catatonia in autistic and developmentally disabled populations, treatment barriers may persist. The following cases are presented:Pt 1: A 14 year-old female with encephalitis of unknown origin and profound catatonia. Cultural barriers prevented treatment.Pt 2: A 20 year-old male with high-functioning autism and catatonia characterized by alternating stupor and extreme psychomotor agitation with self-injury.Pt 3: A 15 year-old male with congenital agenesis of the cerebellum and vermis in frank catatonic stupor mistakenly attributed to his disability.Conclusion:Catatonia is readily diagnosed in a variety of neurodevelopmental conditions including autism, and is eminently treatable with lorazepam and/or ECT in this population. Treatment barriers should be recognized and remedied.
Determination of the Dysfunction of Social Roles with Mentally Ill
Authors: Prieb G. , Zaytsev A. 
Published: March 2009

Object:The object of the research is the determination of the level of social dysfunction with the patients suffering from mental disorders.Materials and methods:There have been examined 327 out-of-clinic (the under-test group) and 211in-clinic (the comparison group) patients.The structured interview and the social expert technique, statistic. The determination of the limits of the vital functions was performed with the help of the psychiatric scale of the limitation of the vital functions.Prior to the rehabilitation measures, the performance of the social roles with the 6.1% of the patients of the under-test group has revealed “no dysfunction”, and following the rehabilitation - with the 24.5% of the ill. The comparison's group indices are 6.5% and 11.3% respectively. The minimal dysfunction has been determined with 7.5% and 22.2% respectively of the under-test group and 8.1% and 12,8% ( all ð< 0,05) of the comparison one. The redistribution of the patients into the minimal/no dysfunction subgroup was largely due to the patients with evident, serious and very serious dysfunction. The decrease of the dysfunction of the social roles of all the patients of the under-test group means that the true restoration of the patients’ functioning in the different domains of the society is possible only if there are developed rehabilitation measures targeting at the planning stage the so-called “troubled” social roles.Results:The true restoration of the patients’ social functioning is possible only if the rehabilitation measures target the “troubled” social roles.
Anorexia Nervosa and Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Castro L.C. , Moreira S. , Lopes A. , Branco M. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Several studies report that women with a history of eating disorders are at higher risk of pregnancy complications and major adverse perinatal outcomes.Aim:To report a case of anorexia nervosa during pregnancy, in order to underline the impact of eating disorders on pregnancy.Methods:Case study and review of the literature.Results:A 32 year old woman was hospitalized in an obstetric service of a general hospital for high risk pregnancy complications. She maintained a disturbed eating behaviour, with periods of restrictive eating and bulimic-purging episodes. She was underweight, did not reach the recommended weight gain during pregnancy and showed intrauterine growth restriction. The Psychiatry Liasion Unit was asked to follow the case during the obstetric hospitalization.Discussion:Pregnant women with eating disorders have higher risk of pregnancy and neonatal complications. Pregnancy is a privileged opportunity to maximize intervention in eating disorders, since women show higher levels of motivation for therapy. Some cases of anorexia nervosa may warrant special obstetric care to ensure adequate prenatal nutrition and fetal development. Since there are few studies on this topic and they report conflicting results, it is a relevant area for future research.
Women and Chocolate Advertising: Exposure to Thin Models Exacerbates Ambivalence
Authors: Durkin K. , Rae K. 
Published: March 2009

Chocolate craving is very common among women. It is known to be associated with ambivalent attitudes and with eating disorders.Aims:The present study investigated the impact of different types of media images (associating the product with thin versus overweight models) on females’ attitudes to chocolate.Method:Eighty-four female participants were recruited from the general community. Age ranged from 17 to 63 years (mean=35). Mean BMI was 23.4. Participants were allocated randomly to one of three conditions: Chocolate with thin models, Chocolate with overweight models, and Control (non-chocolate related products). Groups did not differ on age and BMI. They were assessed before and after exposure using the Orientation to Chocolate Questionnaire, which measures three dimensions of chocolate craving: guilt, approach and avoidance.Results:Participants in the thin exposure condition experienced more guilt and were more likely to report both heightened approach and avoidance of chocolate after exposure. In contrast, participants in the overweight exposure condition had lower guilt and lower approach to chocolate, with no change in avoidance, after exposure. No changes were obtained for the females in the control condition.Conclusion:These findings suggest that viewing thin images in association with chocolate intensifies women's ambivalence towards the product. It is argued that ambivalence is stressful and fosters disordered eating patterns.
Behavioral Approach to Infantile Anorexia and its Outcome on Maternal Psychopathology
Authors: Herguner S. , Ozyildirim I. , Gokcay G. 
Published: March 2009

Background:This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a behavioral approach for the treatment of toddlers with infantile anorexia; and the psychopathology and psychological functioning of their mothers before, during and after a structured treatment program.Method:Three groups of 30 toddlers of either sex, aged 12 - 36 months (inclusive) were included to the study. The groups consisted of toddlers with 1- Infantile Anorexia 2- Picky Eating and 3- Healthy Eating who were referred for a psychiatric evaluation by pediatricians and gastroenterologists at the Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul School of Medicine. Groups were matched by age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Symptom Check List - 90 (SCL-90), and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) are used for assessing the maternal psychopathology of cases.Discussion:In our sample, mothers of toddlers with IA and PE had more psychiatric symptoms than healthy group. The difference between IA and PE shows that the nutritional status of the child contributes to the psychopathological well-being of the mothers. There was a resolution of depression and anxiety during and after the treatment protocol. Then the psychological status seems to be not the reason but may be the result of the feeding problems. Also interventions that focus primarily on maternal psychopathology may not be effective as a behavioral treatment that focuses on both child and mother.