bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid and specific detection of Pentastiridius leporinus by recombinase polymerase amplification assay
Authors: Eini Omid , Pfitzer René , Varrelmann Mark 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPentastiridius leporinus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) is the main vector of an emerging and fast spreading sugar beet disease, the syndrome ‘basses richesses’ (SBR), in different European countries. The disease is caused by the γ-3-proteobacterium ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’ and the phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ which are exclusively transmitted by planthoppers and can lead to a significant loss of sugar content and yield. Monitoring of this insect vector is important for disease management. However, the morphological identification is time consuming and challenging as two additional cixiid species Reptalus quinquecostatus and Hyalesthes obsoletus with a very close morphology have been reported in sugar beet fields. Further, identification of females and nymphs of P. leporinus at species level based on taxonomic key is not possible. In this study, an isothermal nucleic acid amplification based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was developed to specifically detect P. leporinus. In addition, real-time RPA was developed to detect both adults (male and female) and nymph stages using pure or crude nucleic acid extracts. The sensitivity of the real-time RPA for detection of P. leporinus was comparable to real-time PCR, but a shorter time (< 7 min) was required. This is a first report for real-time RPA application for P. leporinus detection using crude nucleic acid templates which can be applied for fast and specific detection of this vector in the field.
SlCarE054 in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) showed direct metabolic activity to β-cypermethrin with stereoselectivity
Authors: Xu Li , Liu Hongyu , Li Bo , Li Guangling , Liu Runqiang , Li Dongzhi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCarboxylesterases (CarEs) is an important detoxification enzyme system in phase Ⅰ participating in insecticides resistance. In our previous study, SlCarE054, a CarEs gene from lepidoptera class, was screened out to be upregulated in a pyrethroids and organophosphates resistant population. Its overexpression was verified in two field-collected populations of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistant to pyrethroids and organophosphates by qRT-PCR. Spatiotemporal expression results showed that SlCarE054 was highly expressed in the pupae stage and the digestive tissue midgut. To further explore its role in pyrethroids and organophosphates resistance, its metabolism activity to insecticides was determined by UPLC. Its recombinant protein showed significant metabolism activity to cyhalothrin and fenvalerate, but not to phoxim or chlorpyrifos. The metabolic activity of SlCarE054 to β-cypermethrin showed stereoselectivity, with higher metabolic activity to θ-cypermethrin than the enantiomer α-cypermethrin. The metabolite of β-cypermethrin was identified as 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde. Further modelling and docking analysis indicated that β-cypermethrin, cyhalothrin and fenvalerate could bind with the catalytic triad of the 3D structure of SlCarE054. The interaction of β-cypermethrin with SlCarE054 also showed the lowest binding energy. Our work provides evidence that SlCarE054 play roles in β-cypermethrin resistance in S. litura.
Partisan of the Absolute State: Arnold Ruge, Liberalism, and the Hallische Jahrbücher
Authors: Barbour Charles 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article considers the political theory and political theology of Arnold Ruge during the years he edited the Hallische and Deutsche Jahrbücher, paying special attention to his relationship with a variety of “liberalisms” circulating at the time. It argues that Ruge's central and consistent commitment was to the “absolute state,” which he described as “an end in itself.” Such a state, Ruge believed, would constitute a space in which citizens could realize their public freedom. I show how Ruge constructed this approach through critical engagements with three forms of liberalism: the Romantic nationalist liberalism of Ernst Moritz Arndt; the ethical pluralist liberalism of Franz von Flourencourt; and the pragmatic economic liberalism of Karl Biedermann. I conclude with reflections on Ruge's 1843 “Eine Selbstkritik des Liberalismus.”
TWO ATTITUDES TO DIVINATION IN EUNAPIUS
Authors: Parker Robert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA passage in Eunapius (476–7, pp. 440–2 Loeb) draws an interesting contrast between the attitudes to divination of the two sophists Maximus and Chrysanthius: Maximus, who manipulates the omens until they say what he wants, and Chrysanthius, who scrupulously obeys their apparent meaning. But a passage a little later (500–1, pp. 542–4 Loeb) apparently ascribes to Chrysanthius the opposite attitude. This article suggests a transposition to restore coherence to the text. Even if the transposition is wrong, the contrast drawn in the first passage between two attitudes to divination, one rigorous and literalist, one manipulative, is important.
Ottoman-Austrian Ceremonial Embassies of the First Half of the Seventeenth Century: The Selection of Ambassador Rıdvan Agha (1633)
Authors: Cevrioğlu Mahmut Halef 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Treaty of Zsitvatorok, signed between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans in 1606, has long been accepted as a watershed in the relations between the two dynasties. Nevertheless, interest in its influence on diplomatic practices has flourished only recently. Focusing on the elaboration of new diplomatic traditions, such as the growing retinue sizes, use of titles for Ottoman ambassadors, and exchange of embassies at the border, this study argues that the post-Zsitvatorok period was marked by the Austrian insistence on, and reluctant Ottoman acceptance of, parity and reciprocity. By relying on the reports of Johann Rudolf Schmid von Schwarzenhorn, the Austrian resident representative in Istanbul, it closely scrutinizes the selection and preparation of the Ottoman ambassador (Rıdvan Agha) to Vienna in 1633. The article argues that the terms in the Zsitvatorok Treaty prompted the Ottoman diplomatic mechanism to refine itself in its dealings with the Austrian Habsburgs in the seventeenth century, encouraging the Ottomans to accept elements of modern diplomacy long before the establishment of Ottoman resident embassies in Europe at the turn of the nineteenth century.
Diasporic geopolitics, rising powers, and the future of international order
Authors: Adamson Fiona B. , Han Enze 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article examines ‘diasporic geopolitics’ as a significant factor in the future of global politics. Whereas discussions of global order in IR have been highly spatialised, we instead highlight the extent to which different regions of the world are entangled via ongoing migration processes, and their legacies in the form of global diasporas. We examine the significance of these interconnections by focusing on rising powers and their relations with the existing international order. Major migration-sending states such as China, India, and Turkey are now aspiring great powers that seek to exert global influence in international affairs. In this context, their diaspora governance policies are also undergoing a transformation, with diasporas increasingly understood as important assets for promoting sending states’ geopolitical agendas and great power ambitions. We examine three mechanisms by which such states exert power transnationally via their diaspora engagement policies. States can treat ‘their’ diasporas as economic assets that facilitate trade and foreign investment; as soft power assets that contribute to the promotion of ‘civilisational’ politics; and as diplomatic assets that can be strategically mobilised or repressed. We conclude by discussing the implications for thinking about the nature of global order and power politics in the coming 50 years.
Salmonella Saintpaul outbreak associated with cantaloupe consumption, the United Kingdom and Portugal, September to November 2023
Authors: McGeoch Luke J. , Hoban Ann , Sawyer Clare , Rabie Hussein ,   Incident Team, Painset Anaïs , Browning Lynda , Brown Derek , McCarthy Caitlin , Nelson Andrew , Firme Ana , Pista Ângela , Moreno Joana , Martins João Vieira , Silveira Leonor , Machado Jorge , Vasconcelos Paula , Olufon Oluwakemi , Inzoungou-Massanga Carmellie , Douglas Amy , McCormick Jacquelyn , Larkin Lesley , Balasegaram Sooria 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In September 2023, the UK Health Security Agency identified cases of Salmonella Saintpaul distributed across England, Scotland, and Wales, all with very low genetic diversity. Additional cases were identified in Portugal following an alert raised by the United Kingdom. Ninety-eight cases with a similar genetic sequence were identified, 93 in the United Kingdom and 5 in Portugal, of which 46% were aged under 10 years. Cases formed a phylogenetic cluster with a maximum distance of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and average of less than one SNP between isolates. An outbreak investigation was undertaken, including a case–control study. Among the 25 UK cases included in this study, 13 reported blood in stool and 5 were hospitalized. One hundred controls were recruited via a market research panel using frequency matching for age. Multivariable logistic regression analysis of food exposures in cases and controls identified a strong association with cantaloupe consumption (adjusted odds ratio: 14.22; 95% confidence interval: 2.83–71.43; p-value: 0.001). This outbreak, together with other recent national and international incidents, points to an increase in identifications of large outbreaks of Salmonella linked to melon consumption. We recommend detailed questioning and triangulation of information sources to delineate consumption of specific fruit varieties during Salmonella outbreaks.
Cosmopolitan underworld: opiate refinement in inter-war Istanbul
Authors: MacArthur-Seal Daniel-Joseph 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Turkish government’s suppression of private heroin factories and its monopolization of opium exports brought the state into conflict with a large numbers of Istanbul residents who sought to profit from the lucrative trade in opiates. Sites of clandestine drug production spread across the urban and suburban landscape, inspiring public alarm and new policing measures. The article examines the human networks behind these production sites, investigating how they utilized the diversity of their members and contacts in the search for profit and the evasion of the state, and how this diversity was interpreted in press and public debate.
Poor subjective sleep quality and trait impulsivity in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Huang Mao-Hsuan , Kuan Yi-Hsuan , Chan Yee-Lam E. , Mao Wei-Chung , Su Tung-Ping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSleep disturbance and impulsivity are key components of mood vulnerability in bipolar disorder (BD), but few studies have assessed the association between these two symptoms among patients with BD.MethodsForty-seven euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder (BDI) or bipolar II disorder (BDII) and 58 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Trait impulsivity was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11), which yielded 3 second-order factors: attention, motor, and non-planning. Subjective sleep quality was assessed using the self-reported Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). General linear models (GLMs) were used to assess the associations between subjective poor sleep and trait impulsivity with multiple testing corrections.ResultsPatients with BD scored higher in BIS-11 and PSQI than healthy controls. PSQI total scores positively correlated with BIS-11 total scores, while sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction were associated with attentional impulsiveness after controlling for covariates. Participants with higher PSQI total scores (>10) had higher scores in BIS-11 total, attention, and non-planning than those with low PSQI scores (≤5).ConclusionThese findings support the hypothesis that poor sleep quality might lead to impulsivity and add to the growing evidence that improving sleep quality may be a therapeutic target for patients with BD.
Share of food group expenditure in Mexican households according to the gender of the head of household and size of the locality
Authors: Jaen Jocelyn , Collado-López Sonia , Armenta-Guirado Brianda Ioanna , G.-Olvera Armando , Hernández-F Mauricio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate differences in the percentage of expenditure on food groups in Mexican households according to the gender of the household head and the size of the locality.

Design:
Analysis of secondary data from the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH) 2018. We estimated the percentage of expenditure on fifteen food groups according to the gender of the head of household and locality size and evaluated the differences using a two-part model approach.

Setting:
Mexico, 2018.

Participants:
A nationally representative sample of 74 647 Mexican households.

Results:
Female-headed households allocated a lower share of expenditure to the purchase of sweetened beverages and alcoholic beverages and higher percentages to milk and dairy, fruits and water. In comparison with metropolitan households, households in rural and urban localities spent more on cereals and tubers, sugar and honey, oil and fat and less on food away from home.

Conclusions:
Households allocate different percentages of expenditure to diverse food groups according to the gender of the head of the household and the size of the locality where they are located. Future research should focus on understanding the economic and social disparities related to differences in food expenditure, including the gender perspective.
American Reconstruction and the Abolition of Second Slavery: On Pascoe’s Intersectional Critique of Kant’s Theory of Labour
Authors: Basevich Elvira 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo highlight the promise of Jordan Pascoe’s Kant’s Theory of Labour, my comments concern the diagnostic and prescriptive dimensions of the book’s excellent intersectional critique of dependent labour relations. The diagnostic dimension of Pascoe’s critique establishes that the organisation of dependent labour relations is a neglected problem of Kantian justice. The prescriptive dimension offers solutions to this problem but is underdeveloped. To enhance the book’s prescriptive dimension, I draw on the noted Africana philosopher W. E. B. Du Bois for guidance. For Du Bois, a constitutional republic ought to strive for the abolition of a ‘second’ slavery following the abolition of de jure black chattel slavery with the end of the American Civil War. Given Du Bois’ call for meaningful Emancipation, I argue that philosophers should reinterpret the Kantian normative ideal of freedom as universal independence to uproot the postbellum conditions of second slavery.
Have Chinese women's gender attitudes become more conservative? A study using an agency approach
Authors: Tian Yuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGiven the historical nature of gender consciousness against the backdrop of the nation's social system transformations and the deficiencies related to physical and mental determinism commonly found in research on the performance of female gender roles, this study innovatively uses Butler's agency approach to examine gender consciousness. Women in China have experienced the female liberation movement of “equality between men and women” under the Chinese socialist regime as well as the movement of “women's return to the family” after the introduction of the market economy. The current study uses the agency approach to present the processes of post-1980s Chinese women when balancing their paid work, housework, and childcare roles and the contradictions therein as well as the ideologies they have adopted to resolve such contradictions. This study comprehensively examines the effect of conservative and non-conservative ideologies on the gender consciousness and behavior of women acting under their own agency. The findings, which are based on a comparison of the gender consciousness and behavior of various cohorts, yield the conclusion that post-1980s women expect non-conservative behavior in the future but choose conservative behaviors strategically. Such strategic behavioral choices deepen inner gender role-related conflicts.
An Investigation of the Local Time Behavior of ΣO/N2 During Solstice
Authors: Li Zhongli , Luan Xiaoli , Lei Jiuhou , Ren Dexin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe thermospheric column O/N2 ratio (ΣO/N2) exhibits complex spatial and temporal variations and is a key parameter in diagnosing the state of the thermosphere and ionosphere. The solar cycle, seasonal, latitudinal and longitudinal variations of ΣO/N2 have been studied in the past few decades. However, the local time variation of ΣO/N2 is rarely investigated. At solstice, the most important feature of ΣO/N2 is the well‐known summer‐winter difference caused by the global meridional circulation. Based on TIMED/GUVI observations from 2002 to 2022, it was found that the daytime pattern of ΣO/N2 exhibits significant hemispheric differences superimposed on the more prominent seasonal distribution. ΣO/N2 decreases soon after sunrise in the winter hemisphere, while it occurs much later in the summer hemisphere. This hemispheric difference in the local time variation of ΣO/N2 is generally reproduced by the empirical model MSIS and the physics‐based model TIEGCM. And the TIEGCM simulation results suggest that it is mainly attributed to the meridional advection. In the summer hemisphere, upward winds which decrease ΣO/N2 are weak in the early morning and compete with the enhancement of ΣO/N2 caused by the meridional advection, resulting in a later turning time around 11:00 LT. In the winter hemisphere, the reduction of ΣO/N2 caused by daytime upward winds is superimposed on the reduction of ΣO/N2 induced by the meridional advection, resulting in an earlier turning time around 7:00 LT. Additionally, ΣO/N2 peaks much later in regions near the magnetic pole than those far from the magnetic pole in the summer hemisphere.
A New Automatic Hydrological Station Relocation Algorithm (ASRA) for Moving Hydrological Stations Onto a Simulated Digital River Network
Authors: Wang Kun , Yan Denghua , Zhou Zuhao , Weng Baisha , Qin Tianling , Bi Wuxia , Liu Siyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDetermining the precise placement of hydrological stations on a simulated digital river network is crucial for constructing hydrological models applicable to process simulation, water resource management, and flood forecasting endeavors. To solve this problem, we categorized and scrutinized deviations between the simulated and their actual station locations, and proposed a novel automatic hydrological station relocation algorithm (ASRA). The algorithm was first validated in the Amazon Basin using Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) hydrological stations and 90 m × 90 m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, successfully correcting the spatial position and corresponding catchment area (CCA) of each station. Findings revealed that CCA inaccuracies were notably decreased, transitioning from an initial 7.62% when employing a conventional 5‐km search radius to 5.43% after adopting an iteratively optimized, objective, and rational 8‐km search radius. The ASRA method was subsequently applied to GRDC stations within the HDMA and HydroSHEDS data sets, successfully repositioning 8,339 and 8,026 stations respectively, all with catchment area deviations of less than 5%, thus either exceeding or at least equaling the precision of prior research efforts. A Python program was developed and incorporated into an ArcGIS toolbox that features user‐friendly attributes, enabling swift computation and accurate rectification, as a result of building upon our method. In short, our study presents a fresh approach and a robust tool for tackling the inconsistencies of hydrological station locations. The updated global GRDC hydrological station locations specifically tailored for both HDMA and HydroSHEDS data sets, together with the toolbox developed, were accessible for download on the figshare platform.
A Larval “Recruitment Kernel” to Predict Hatching Locations and Quantify Recruitment Patterns
Authors: Shi Wei , Boegman Leon , Shan Shiliang , Zhao Yingming , Ackerman Josef D. , Amidon Zachary , Jabbari Aidin , Roseman Edward 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLarval recruitment, a critical component of population connectivity, has been under investigated compared to larval dispersal. We developed a backward‐in‐time Lagrangian particle tracking model to predict larval hatching locations and proposed a larval recruitment kernel, to quantify recruitment patterns. Combining field data and a hydrodynamic model, our backtracking model predicted Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) hatching locations in Lake Erie. We found a strong linear correlation (r = 0.95–0.98) between travel distance (i.e., distance along a trajectory) and pelagic larval duration (PLD), and a moderate correlation (r = 0.66–0.68) between linear distance (i.e., displacement) and PLD. This questions the wide use of PLD as a proxy for dispersal distance. We defined the recruitment kernel using the probability density function of the linear recruitment distance. Characteristics of the recruitment kernel, such as theoretical self‐recruitment, median‐recruitment distance, long‐distance recruitment, and openness convey significant information about population connectivity that are distinct from those derived using the well‐known dispersal kernel (e.g., theoretical local retention).
Obesity pharmacotherapy in older adults: a narrative review of evidence
Authors: Henney Alex E. , Wilding John P. H. , Alam Uazman , Cuthbertson Daniel J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity in older adults (people aged >60 years) is increasing in line with the demographic shift in global populations. Despite knowledge of obesity-related complications in younger adults (increased risk of type 2 diabetes, liver and cardiovascular disease and malignancy), these considerations may be outweighed, in older adults, by concerns regarding weight-loss induced reduction in skeletal muscle and bone mass, and the awareness of the ‘obesity paradox’. Obesity in the elderly contributes to various obesity-related complications from cardiometabolic disease and cancer, to functional decline, worsening cognition, and quality of life, that will have already suffered an age-related decline. Lifestyle interventions remain the cornerstone of obesity management in older adults, with emphasis on resistance training for muscle strength and bone mineral density preservation. However, in older adults with obesity refractory to lifestyle strategies, pharmacotherapy, using anti-obesity medicines (AOMs), can be a useful adjunct. Recent evidence suggests that intentional weight loss in older adults with overweight and obesity is effective and safe, hence a diminishing reluctance to use AOMs in this more vulnerable population. Despite nine AOMs being currently approved for the treatment of obesity, limited clinical trial evidence in older adults predominantly focuses on incretin therapy with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide). AOMs enhance weight loss and reduce cardiometabolic events, while maintaining muscle mass. Future randomised controlled trials should specifically evaluate the effectiveness of novel AOMs for long-term weight management in older adults with obesity, carefully considering the impact on body composition and functional ability, as well as health economics.