bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy and Anaesthesia of the Equine External Ear Canal
Authors: Sommerauer S. , Muelling C. K. W. , Seeger J. , Schusser G. F. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryAnaesthesia of the external ear canal (external acoustic meatus) is usually performed by blocking both the great and internal auricular nerves by regional infiltration. However, exact landmarks for blocking the internal auricular nerve to accomplish effective anaesthesia have not been described yet. In this study, detailed anatomical dissection of the equine external ear canal and its nerve supply was carried out on fifteen cadaver heads. Tissue samples of the dissected nerves were taken from two cadaver heads processed and were evaluated microscopically. Prior to the dissection, the region of interest was evaluated ultrasonographically, and injection of a local anaesthetic was simulated with an injection of methylene blue on ten cadaver heads. The tympanic membranes of three cadaver heads were obtained by microdissection and processed for microscopic evaluation. The entrance point of the internal auricular nerve, which is a branch of the facial nerve, into the ear canal is formed by the styloid process of the auricular cartilage. Using ultrasound, the styloid process presented as a thin hyperechoic line 2.17–2.97 cm deep, based on the skin surface. Landmarks for performing a complete and reliable anaesthesia of the external ear canal were established, and the simulated anaesthesia with methylene blue injection was evaluated as successful in all ten cases. Additionally, the histological composition of the equine tympanic membrane is described and illustrated.
Lower physical activity, but not excessive calorie intake, is associated with metabolic syndrome in elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Japanese elderly diabetes intervention trial
Authors: Iijima Katsuya , Iimuro Satoshi , Ohashi Yasuo , Sakurai Takashi , Umegaki Hiroyuki , Araki Atsushi , Yoshimura Yukio , Ouchi Yasuyoshi , Ito Hideki ,   the Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial Study Group
Published: March 2012

Aim:  A decline in physical activity has been shown to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), leading to cardiovascular events. However, this is difficult to manage well in the elderly with multiple atherosclerotic risk factors. In this study, we investigated the correlation between physical activity and clinical parameters in the presence and absence of MetS in Japanese elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, we determined which factor, calorie intake or physical activity, mainly contributes to the prevalence of MetS.Methods:  Cross‐sectional analysis of 846 consecutive Japanese elderly (408 men and 438 women, mean age 68.7 years) was carried out at the time of enrolment (2000–2002) in the Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial. Their level of physical activity was evaluated using the Baecke questionnaire, consisting of three components: work, sports and leisure. Total activity score (TAS) as the sum of each activity score was divided into four quartiles (Q1 to Q4).Results:  After adjustment for age and sex, there was a positive association of TAS with high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, although no significant correlation between other lipid parameters and TAS was found. In addition, fasting plasma glucose, insulin level and physical measurements, such as waist circumference, waist/hip ratio and body mass index, were inversely associated with TAS. Although no correlation between TAS and cognitive function Mini‐Mental State Examination was found, TAS was positively associated with instrumental ADL and negatively associated with geriatric depression score (GDS), suggesting that a decline in physical activity in the elderly is associated with depressed mood rather than a decline of cognitive function. Total calorie intake appeared to increase according to TAS; however, this did not reach statistical significance. In a subanalysis comparing the presence and absence of MetS, the TAS grade in the MetS group was significantly lower than that in the non‐MetS group, although there was no significant difference in total calorie intake between the groups.Conclusion:  These results showed that lower physical activity, but not excessive calorie intake, is independently associated with the prevalence of MetS in the elderly with T2DM. In our routine work, encouraging physical activity might contribute to preventing MetS and subsequent atherosclerotic disease in the elderly, rather than strict management of abnormal laboratory parameters using multiple drugs. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12 (Suppl. 1): 68–76.
Time Course of Adenosine‐Induced Pulmonary Vein Reconnection after Isolation: Implications for Mechanism of Dormant Conduction
Authors: CHEUNG JIM W. , CHUNG JEFFREY H. , Ip JAMES E. , MARKOWITZ STEVEN M. , LIU CHRISTOPHER F. , THOMAS GEORGE , LERMAN BRUCE B. 
Published: March 2012

Background:

Adenosine (ADO) has been proposed to reconnect isolated pulmonary veins (PVs) postablation through hyperpolarization of damaged myocytes in an animal model. However, PV reconnection can occur via ADO‐mediated sympathetic activation. We sought to determine the mechanism of ADO‐induced PV reconnection in the clinical setting by characterizing its time course and location in patients undergoing PV isolation.
Methods:

Seventy‐four patients (61 male; age 61 ± 10 years) undergoing PV isolation for atrial fibrillation (54 [73%] paroxysmal and 19 [27%] persistent) were studied. After each PV was isolated, a 12‐mg intravenous bolus of ADO was administered and onset, offset, and location of ADO‐induced PV reconnection and onset and offset of bradycardia were analyzed.
Results:

In 22 (30%) patients, ADO‐induced PV reconnection occurred in 34 of 270 (13%) PVs. In 24 (71%) PVs, the duration of ADO‐induced reconnection exceeded that of bradycardia. The onset of ADO‐induced reconnection occurred before the onset of bradycardia in 10 (30%) PVs and during bradycardia in 23 (70%) PVs. No PVs exhibited onset of reconnection after resolution of bradycardia. Common sites of PV reconnection included the carinal region (41% of right PVs and 29% of left PVs) and left PV‐atrial appendageal ridge region (35% of left PVs).
Conclusions:

ADO‐induced PV reconnection occurs during the bradycardic phase of the ADO bolus response and not during the late tachycardic phase. ADO‐induced PV dormant conduction is closely associated with the negative dromotropic effects of ADO and suggests that hyperpolarization of the resting membrane is the unifying mechanism. (PACE 2012;XX:1–8)
The Use of Advance Directives among Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
Authors: TAJOURI TANYA H. , OTTENBERG ABIGALE L. , HAYES DAVID L. , MUELLER PAUL S. 
Published: March 2012

Background:

We aimed to determine the prevalence of advance directives (ADs) among patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) and of ADs that addressed ICD management at the end of life.
Methods:

The medical records of all patients who underwent ICD implantation during 2007 at a single institution were reviewed retrospectively to determine the number of patients with an AD and the number of ADs mentioning the ICD specifically (i.e. ICD management at end of life).
Results:

During 2007, 420 patients (males, 71%) underwent ICD implantation at our institution (mean age [range] at implantation, 63 [1–90] years). Primary prevention was the most common indication for device therapy (254 patients [61%]). Overall, 127 patients (30%) had an AD, with 83 ADs (65%) completed more than 12 months before ICD implantation and 10 (8%) completed after it. Several life‐sustaining treatments were mentioned in the ADs: tube feeding, 46 (37%); cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 25 (20%); mechanical ventilation, 22 (17%); and hemodialysis, nine (7%). Pain control was mentioned in 58 ADs (46%) and comfort measures in 38 (30%). However, only two ADs (2%) mentioned the ICD or its deactivation at end of life.
Conclusions:

About one‐third of patients with ICDs had an AD, but only a couple ADs mentioned the ICD. These results suggest that clinicians should not only encourage patients with ICDs to complete an AD, but also encourage them to address ICD management specifically. Not addressing ICD management in an AD may result in ethical dilemmas during end‐of‐life care. (PACE 2012; xx; 1–7)
Three‐Dimensional Analysis and Computer Modeling of the Capillary Endothelial Vesicular System with Electron Tomography
Authors: WAGNER ROGER , MODLA SHANNON , HOSSLER FRED , CZYMMEK KIRK 
Published: March 2012

Please cite this paper as: Wagner R, Modla S, Hossler F, Czymmek K. Three‐dimensional analysis and computer modeling of the capillary endothelial vesicular system with electron tomography. Microcirculation 19: 477–484, 2012.AbstractObjective:  We examined the three‐dimensional organization of the endothelial vesicular system with TEM tomography of semi‐thick sections.Materials and methods:  Mouse abdominal muscle capillaries were perfused with terbium to label vesicular compartments open to the luminal surface. The tissue was prepared for TEM and semi‐thick (250 nm) sections were cut. Dual axis tilt series, collected from +60° to −60° at 1° increments, were acquired in regions of labeled abluminal caveolae. These tomograms were reconstructed and analyzed to reveal three‐dimensional vesicular associations not evident in thin sections.Results:  Reconstructed tomograms revealed free vesicles, both labeled and unlabeled, in the endothelial cytoplasm as well as transendothelial channels that spanned the luminal and abluminal membranes. A large membranous compartment connecting the luminal and abluminal surfaces was also present. Computer modeling of tomographic data and video animations provided three‐dimensional perspectives to these structures.Conclusions:  Uncertainties associated with other three‐dimensional methods to study the capillary wall are remedied by tomographic analysis of semi‐thick sections. Transendothelial channels of fused vesicles and free cytoplasmic vesicles give credence to their role as large pores in the transport of solutes across the walls of continuous capillaries.
Transcriptome sequencing of field pea and faba bean for discovery and validation of SSR genetic markers
Authors: Kaur Sukhjiwan , Pembleton Luke W , Cogan Noel OI , Savin Keith W , Leonforte Tony , Paull Jeffrey , Materne Michael , Forster John W 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) are cool-season grain legume species that provide rich sources of food for humans and fodder for livestock. To date, both species have been relative 'genomic orphans' due to limited availability of genetic and genomic information. A significant enrichment of genomic resources is consequently required in order to understand the genetic architecture of important agronomic traits, and to support germplasm enhancement, genetic diversity, population structure and demographic studies.

Results
cDNA samples obtained from various tissue types of specific field pea and faba bean genotypes were sequenced using 454 Roche GS FLX Titanium technology. A total of 720,324 and 304,680 reads for field pea and faba bean, respectively, were de novo assembled to generate sets of 70,682 and 60,440 unigenes. Consensus sequences were compared against the genome of the model legume species Medicago truncatula Gaertn., as well as that of the more distantly related, but better-characterised genome of Arabidopsis thaliana L.. In comparison to M. truncatula coding sequences, 11,737 and 10,179 unique hits were obtained from field pea and faba bean. Totals of 22,057 field pea and 18,052 faba bean unigenes were subsequently annotated from GenBank. Comparison to the genome of soybean (Glycine max L.) resulted in 19,451 unique hits for field pea and 16,497 unique hits for faba bean, corresponding to c. 35% and 30% of the known gene space, respectively. Simple sequence repeat (SSR)-containing expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified from consensus sequences, and totals of 2,397 and 802 primer pairs were designed for field pea and faba bean. Subsets of 96 EST-SSR markers were screened for validation across modest panels of field pea and faba bean cultivars, as well as related non-domesticated species. For field pea, 86 primer pairs successfully obtained amplification products from one or more template genotypes, of which 59% revealed polymorphism between 6 genotypes. In the case of faba bean, 81 primer pairs displayed successful amplification, of which 48% detected polymorphism.

Conclusions
The generation of EST datasets for field pea and faba bean has permitted effective unigene identification and functional sequence annotation. EST-SSR loci were detected at incidences of 14-17%, permitting design of comprehensive sets of primer pairs. The subsets from these primer pairs proved highly useful for polymorphism detection within Pisum and Vicia germplasm.
Differential effects of dietary supplements on metabolomic profile of smokers versus non-smokers
Authors: Spitale Robert C , Cheng Michelle Y , Chun Kimberly A , Gorell Emily S , Munoz Claudia A , Kern Dale G , Wood Steve M , Knaggs Helen E , Wulff Jacob , Beebe Kirk D , Chang Anne Lynn S 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Background
Cigarette smoking is well-known to associate with accelerated skin aging as well as cardiovascular disease and lung cancer, in large part due to oxidative stress. Because metabolites are downstream of genetic variation, as well as transcriptional changes and post-translational modifications of proteins, they are the most proximal reporters of disease states or reversal of disease states.

Methods
In this study, we explore the potential effects of commonly available oral supplements (containing antioxidants, vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids) on the metabolomes of smokers (n = 11) compared to non-smokers (n = 17). At baseline and after 12 weeks of supplementation, metabolomic analysis was performed on serum by liquid and gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy (LC-MS and GC-MS). Furthermore, clinical parameters of skin aging, including cutometry as assessed by three dermatologist raters blinded to subjects' age and smoking status, were measured.

Results
Long-chain fatty acids, including palmitate and oleate, decreased in smokers by 0.76-fold (P = 0.0045) and 0.72-fold (P = 0.0112), respectively. These changes were not observed in non-smokers. Furthermore, age and smoking status showed increased glow (P = 0.004) and a decrease in fine wrinkling (P = 0.038). Cutometry showed an increase in skin elasticity in smokers (P = 0.049) but not in non-smokers. Complexion analysis software (VISIA) revealed decreases in the number of ultraviolet spots (P = 0.031), and cutometry showed increased elasticity (P = 0.05) in smokers but not non-smokers.

Conclusions
Additional future work may shed light on the specific mechanisms by which long-chain fatty acids can lead to increased glow, improved elasticity measures and decreased fine wrinkling in smokers' skin. Our study provides a novel, medicine-focused application of available metabolomic technology to identify changes in sera of human subjects with oxidative stress, and suggests that oral supplementation (in particular, commonly available antioxidants, vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids) affects these individuals in a way that is unique (compared to non-smokers) on a broad level.
Salinity- and population-dependent genome regulatory response during osmotic acclimation in the killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) gill
Authors: Whitehead Andrew , Roach Jennifer L. , Zhang Shujun , Galvez Fernando 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThe killifish Fundulus heteroclitus is abundant in osmotically dynamic estuaries and it can quickly adjust to extremes in environmental salinity. We performed a comparative osmotic challenge experiment to track the transcriptomic and physiological responses to two salinities throughout a time course of acclimation, and to explore the genome regulatory mechanisms that enable extreme osmotic acclimation. One southern and one northern coastal population, known to differ in their tolerance to hypo-osmotic exposure, were used as our comparative model. Both populations could maintain osmotic homeostasis when transferred from 32 to 0.4 p.p.t., but diverged in their compensatory abilities when challenged down to 0.1 p.p.t., in parallel with divergent transformation of gill morphology. Genes involved in cell volume regulation, nucleosome maintenance, ion transport, energetics, mitochondrion function, transcriptional regulation and apoptosis showed population- and salinity-dependent patterns of expression during acclimation. Network analysis confirmed the role of cytokine and kinase signaling pathways in coordinating the genome regulatory response to osmotic challenge, and also posited the importance of signaling coordinated through the transcription factor HNF-4α. These genome responses support hypotheses of which regulatory mechanisms are particularly relevant for enabling extreme physiological flexibility.
Organizational Redesign, Information Technologies and Workplace Productivity
Authors: Dostie Benoit , Jayaraman Rajshri 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Using a large, longitudinal, nationally representative workplace-level data-set, we explore the productivity gains associated with computer use and organizational redesign. The empirical strategy involves the estimation of a production function, augmented to account for technology use and organizational design, correcting for unobserved heterogeneity. Our first-difference and GMM estimates suggest that the productivity premium associated with computer use is not statistically different from zero. Neither is there any evidence to support the idea that complementarities between computer use and organizational redesign have any substantial bearing on productivity.
A Group-based Wellness Intervention in the Laboratory
Authors: Charness Gary B. , Jahnke Roger 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The enormous cost of health care in the United States has sparked increasing interest in innovative and alternative approaches to both physical and emotional wellness. We demonstrate the value of an easy-to-implement, stress-reducing and wellness-enhancing methodology. In our study, undergraduate students who participated in a weekly meeting over the course of two months had, relative to a control group, a significant decrease in the resting-pulse rate over time, as well as significant improvement in several measures of wellness. Our results suggest that simple lifestyle-oriented wellness-promotion interventions may have significant benefits in terms of increasing health and productivity, as well as diminished medical costs.
Displacement and Disaster Recovery: Transnational Governance and Socio‐legal Issues Following the 2010 Haiti Earthquake
Authors: Sapat Alka , Esnard Ann‐Margaret 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe 2010 earthquake in Haiti and its aftermath have highlighted inherent but understudied transnational governance and socio‐legal complexities of disaster recovery and displacement. The aftermath of the earthquake and issues related to recovery were experienced not only domestically within in Haiti, but also transnationally, particularly in the South Florida region. This region has been particularly important in the recovery process, as it is home to over 300,000 Haitians, it served as a receiving area for severely injured earthquake survivors and for school‐aged displacees, and it is an area that is rich with Haitian‐American organizations, including activists who have for decades been fighting causes of immigration equality for people of Haitian descent. The specific objectives of this paper are to examine and analyze the key transnational governance and socio‐legal issues that have arisen in the South Florida region for four distinct groups: (i) displacees and their related legal, social, cultural, and economic issues; (ii) host communities and governance, legal, and monetary complexities associated with compensation payments (e.g., to hospitals for their services to earthquake survivors); (iii) immigrants within the United States and related legalization and citizenship issues; and (iv) diaspora communities and socio‐legal issues related to dual citizenship and their ongoing struggles to have a louder voice in the future of Haiti. Our methodology and data sources include interviews with key members of the Haitian‐American diaspora, school districts, city and county governments, non‐profit organizations, relief task forces, and local government agencies. We also looked at relevant plans/ policies modified or adopted by governmental and non‐governmental institutions in response to governance and socio‐legal issues that have arisen as part of our analysis and when referred to by our interviewees. We find that social constructions of the different groups in our study, along with other social, political and economic factors, were important in understanding policy responses to the issues that emerged.
In dubio pro Print!
Authors: Kuth Martina 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt exemplarisch dar, wie sich die Veröffentlichungsstrategie deutscher juristischer Verlage von Print- und elektronischen Medien auf das Bestandsmanagement juristischer Sekundärliteratur in der lokalen Firmenbibliothek einer Anwaltskanzlei auswirken kann. Es wird belegt, dass eine virtuelle Bibliothek den Informationsbedarf der Nutzer nicht deckt und nach Kriterien zur Entwicklung eines hybriden Bestandsaufbaus gesucht. Im Zentrum steht die Auswahl des Publikationsformats als Print- oder elektronische Ausgabe, sofern eine Wahlmöglichkeit in einem printorientierten Verlagsangebot besteht. Es wird festgestellt, dass die standardisierte Auswahl eines verlässlich zugänglichen und nutzerorientierten Publikationsformats lediglich auf einen kleinen Teil des Bestandes anwendbar ist. Die Einzelfallentscheidung bleibt die Regel. Das Fallbeispiel in seiner Funktion als interner Dienstleister steht dabei für den Bibliothekstyp der Kanzleibibliothek bzw. der Firmenbibliothek mit juristischem Bestand. In einem sich aktuell dynamisch entwickelnden Verlagsangebot möchte die Verfasserin einen Beitrag zur fachlichen Diskussion um die nutzergerechte hybride Kanzleibibliothek leisten und formuliert Desiderate zur weiteren Entwicklung des juristischen Verlagsangebots. Einstweilen gilt: In dubio pro Print!
Phase space approach to the use of integrator rods and optical arrays in illumination systems
Authors: Rausch Denise , Herkommer Alois M. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Integrator rods and optical arrays are the most frequently used components in illumination design for homogenizing radiation fields. However, these two standard components are very different in their performance and characteristics. This tutorial is aimed to illustrate the operation principle, basic design rules and the performance of those components. It should guide the optical designer towards the optimum choice for the individual illumination application. To illustrate the functionality of integrator rods and optical arrays simultaneously in angle and position, the concept of phase space is introduced. Here the effect of the homogenizing components can nicely be illustrated in the form of phase space transformations. This offers new insight and a different perspective onto the employment and characteristics of those elements.