bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of environmental variables on capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris: Rodentia, Hydrochoeridae) detectability in anthropogenic environments of southeastern Brazil
Authors: Ferraz Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros , Manly Bryan , Verdade Luciano Martins 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCapybaras were monitored weekly from 1998 to 2006 by counting individuals in three anthropogenic environments (mixed agricultural fields, forest and open areas) of southeastern Brazil in order to examine the possible influence of environmental variables (temperature, humidity, wind speed, precipitation and global radiation) on the detectability of this species. There was consistent seasonality in the number of capybaras in the study area, with a specific seasonal pattern in each area. Log‐linear models were fitted to the sample counts of adult capybaras separately for each sampled area, with an allowance for monthly effects, time trends and the effects of environmental variables. Log‐linear models containing effects for the months of the year and a quartic time trend were highly significant. The effects of environmental variables on sample counts were different in each type of environment. As environmental variables affect capybara detectability, they should be considered in future species survey/monitoring programs.
RFT1‐CDG: Deafness as a novel feature of congenital disorders of glycosylation
Authors: Jaeken J. , Vleugels W. , Régal L. , Corchia C. , Goemans N. , Haeuptle M. A. , Foulquier F. , Hennet T. , Matthijs G. , Dionisi‐Vici C. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are genetic diseases due to defects in the synthesis of glycans and in the attachment of glycans to lipids and proteins. Actually, some 42 CDG are known including defects in protein N‐glycosylation, in protein O‐glycosylation, in lipid glycosylation, and in multiple and other glycosylation pathways. Most CDG are multisystem diseases and a large number of signs and symptoms have already been reported in CDG. An exception to this is deafness. This symptom has not been observed as a consistent feature in CDG. In 2008, a novel defect was identified in protein N‐glycosylation, namely in RFT1. This is a defect in the assembly of N‐glycans. RFT1 is involved in the transfer of Man5GlcNAc2‐PP‐Dol from the cytoplasmic to the luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum. According to the novel nomenclature (non‐italicized gene symbol followed by ‐CDG) this defect is named RFT1‐CDG. Recently, three other patients with RFT1‐CDG have been reported and here we report two novel patients. Remarkably, all six patients with RFT1‐CDG show sensorineural deafness as part of a severe neurological syndrome. We conclude that RFT1‐CDG is the first ‘deafness‐CDG’. CDG should be included in the work‐up of congenital, particularly syndromic, hearing loss.
An improved method of microhabitat assessment relevant to predation risk
Authors: Glen Al S. , Sutherland Duncan R. , Cruz Jennyffer 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAnimals may select the microhabitats they use in response to a real or perceived risk of attack by visually hunting predators. However, to demonstrate this requires measuring visual cover at the microhabitat level, which can be labor‐intensive and may require specialized equipment. Simpler methods lack repeatability, particularly when multiple observers are involved. We devised, and describe here, the quadrant cover method (QCM), which provides rapid, objective assessment of the degree of concealment that microhabitats provide from visual predators. Our method gives results that correlate strongly with those obtained using a conventional sight board, but requires less than 25% of the time. The method is highly repeatable, with negligible observer bias. The QCM is ideal in microhabitat studies in which the variable of interest is visual exposure to other animals such as predators.
Quantitative Determination of Geranyl Diphosphate Levels in Cultured Human Cells
Authors: Holstein Sarah A. , Tong Huaxiang , Kuder Craig H. , Hohl Raymond J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGeranyl diphosphate (GPP), a 10‐carbon isoprenoid, is a key intermediate in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway. This pathway, in addition to leading to sterol synthesis, results in the synthesis of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), which serve as substrates for protein isoprenylation reactions. Basal levels of GPP in mammalian cells previously have been undetectable. Here we present a novel, sensitive, nonradioactive method which allows for measurement of GPP in mammalian cells. This methodology involves extraction of isoprenoids from cultured cells followed by enzymatic conjugation of GPP to a fluorescent dansylated‐peptide via farnesyl transferase and quantification with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The lower limit of detection of GPP is 5 pg, or 0.015 pmol. Basal levels of GPP were determined in three human multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI‐8226, U266, H929). Treatment of cells with inhibitors of the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway results in marked changes in GPP levels: the HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin decreases GPP levels by over 50%, while the FPP synthase inhibitor zoledronic acid increases GPP levels 16‐ to 107‐fold. This method also allows for the simultaneous measurement of GPP, FPP, and GGPP, thus leading to improved understanding of the pathway in a multitude of biological systems. Furthermore, as drugs targeting this pathway are developed, their biological activity can be more directly linked to effects on isoprenoid levels.
Telemedizin – Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der Notfallversorgung
Authors: Schultz Martin , Carius-Düssel Christine 
Published: October 2009

Einleitung
Ausgehend vom NOAH-Projekt Ende der 90er Jahre wurden in Deutschland zahlreiche telemedizinische Projekte gestartet, die die Akutversorgung verbessern sollen. Leider sind nur wenige der Projekte in die medizinische Routineversorgung übernommen worden. Unter Telemedizin wird hier die Erbringung von Gesundheitsdienstleistungen unter Einsatz von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) verstanden. Telemedizin in der Akutversorgung umfasst häufig Telekonsildienste, die im weiteren Verlauf eine schnelle fachgerechte Behandlung des Patienten ermöglichen sowie Prozessoptimierungen durch das elektronische Erfassen, Verarbeiten und Aufbereiten von Daten, die dann relevanten Akteuren zeitgerecht zur Verfügung gestellt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden ausgewählte Telemedizin Projekte vorgestellt, die die Akutversorgung deutlich verbessern (können).
Induction for Banach Algebras, Groupoids and KKban
Authors: Paravicini Walther 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGiven two equivalent locally compact Hausdorff groupoids, We prove that the Bost conjecture with Banach algebra coefficients is true for one if and only if it is true for the other. This also holds for the Bost conjecture with C*- coefficients. To show these results, the functoriality of Lafforgue's KK-theory for Banach algebras and groupoids with respect to generalised morphisms of groupoids is established. It is also shown that equivalent groupoids have Morita equivalent L1-algebras (with Banach algebra coefficients).
Quantitative differences in intestinal Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in obese Indian children
Authors: Balamurugan Ramadass , George Gemlyn , Kabeerdoss Jayakanthan , Hepsiba Jancy , Chandragunasekaran Aarthy M. S. , Ramakrishna Balakrishnan S. 
Published: October 2009

Gut bacteria contribute to energy conservation in man through their ability to ferment unabsorbed carbohydrate. The present study examined the composition of predominant faecal microbiota in obese and non-obese children. The participants (n 28) aged 11–14 years provided fresh faecal samples and completed a dietary survey consisting of 24 h diet recall and a FFQ of commonly used foods taken over the previous 3 months. Faecal bacteria were quantitated by real-time PCR using primers targeted at 16S rDNA. Of the participants, fifteen (seven female) were obese, with median BMI-for-age at the 99th percentile (range 97 to>99) while thirteen participants (seven female) were normal weight, with median BMI-for age being at the 50th percentile (range 1–85). Consumption of energy, carbohydrates, fat and protein was not significantly different between the obese and non-obese participants. There was no significant difference between the two groups in faecal levels of Bacteroides–Prevotella, Bifidobacterium species, Lactobacillus acidophilus group or Eubacterium rectale. Levels of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were significantly higher in obese children than in non-obese participants (P = 0·0253). We concluded that the finding of increased numbers of F. prausnitzii in the faeces of obese children in south India adds to the growing information on alterations in faecal microbiota in obesity.
Epigenetic transcriptional gene silencing inEntamoeba histolytica: insight into histone and chromatin modifications
Authors: HUGUENIN MAYA , BRACHA RIVKA , CHOOKAJORN THANAT , MIRELMAN DAVID 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYWe have previously discovered a unique mechanism of epigenetic transcriptional gene silencing in theEntamoeba histolyticatrophozoites of strain HM-1:IMSS that resulted in the persistent downregulation of the amoebapore A (ap-a) gene, and that could be successfully applied to silence other virulence genes (cpA5, lgl1). In order to understand how the silencing is maintained throughout generations, we analysed whether modifications occurred at the chromatin level. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were done with antibodies specific to the methylated lysine 4 ofE. histolyticahistone H3. When the genes were in a transcriptionally silent state, the methylation levels of H3K4 in their coding region were significantly reduced. In contrast, the levels of core histone H3 were consistently higher in the silenced genes. Controlled chromatin digestion with micrococcal nuclease was used to assess changes in nucleosome compaction. We found a significant resistance to digestion in the promoter region of the silencedap-aandcpA5genes as compared to the parental strain that expresses those genes. Our data lend further support to the idea that histone modifications and heterochromatin formations are at the basis of the transcriptional silencing of genes inE. histolytica.
Experimental transmission of malacosporean parasites from bryozoans to common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus)
Authors: GRABNER D. S. , EL-MATBOULI M. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYTo address whether a fish host is involved in the life cycles of malacosporeans of the genus Buddenbrockia, cohabitation experiments with different bryozoan and fish species were conducted. Samples were analysed by malacosporean-specific PCR, partial sequencing of the 18S rDNA, and light and electron microscopy. Co-habitation challenges with bryozoans resulted in malacosporean infections detected mainly in the kidney of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus). Sequences of the minnow parasite and of worm-like Buddenbrockia stages in Plumatella repens were identical and showed 99·5% similarity to Buddenbrockia plumatellae and 96·3% similarity to the sequence obtained from carp. One sample, comprising 4–5 zooids of statoblast-raised bryozoans cohabitated with infected carp was PCR-positive, but no overt infection could be observed in the remaining colony. Light and electron-microscopy of kidney samples of infected minnows revealed single cells within kidney tubules, whereas in carp, sporogonic stages were found in kidney tubules. Phylogenetic analysis of the Buddenbrockia spp. known to date placed the carp-infecting species at the base of the B. plumatellae clade, but low posterior probability makes this node questionable. The present study showed that Buddenbrockia spp. were able to infect cyprinid fish, showing stages in kidney-tubules strikingly similar to those of T. bryosalmonae.
Transplacental transfer of filarial antigens fromWuchereria bancrofti-infected mothers to their offspring
Authors: BAL M. S. , MANDAL N. N. , DAS M. K. , KAR S. K. , SARANGI S. S. , BEURIA M. K. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYObjective.Maternal infection has been considered to be a risk factor for filarial infection in offspring. In order to examine the influence of maternal infection in neonates, we have determined the prevalence of circulating filarial antigen (CFA) and anti-filarial antibodies in 119 maternal and corresponding cord blood samples collected from an area endemic for bancroftian filariasis.Method.Prevalence of antigenaemia was detected using Og4C3 circulating filarial antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The presence of microfilariae was determined by filtration of a 1 ml sample through a Nuclepore membrane. Antibody isotypes (IgG, IgM, and IgE) to filarial antigen (Setariadigitataantigenic extract) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results.Microfilariae were detected in 14 cases (11·8%), whereas the Og4C3 assay could detect filarial antigen in 44·5% of pregnant mothers. Interestingly, 24·5% of samples born from CFA-positive mothers were found positive for CFA. None of the cord samples from CFA-negative mothers were found positive for CFA. No significant difference was observed in prevalence of filarial-specific IgG, IgM and IgE antibodies in CFA-positive and negative mothers. IgG antibody was detected in 60·5% of maternal and 21·8% of cord samples. IgG antibody in the cord does not differ with the antigen status of the mother. In contrast IgM and IgE antibody prevalence was significantly higher in cord from infected mothers than non-infected mothers (11·3%vs0 for IgM, 24·5%vs3·03% for IgE).Conclusion.Our study demonstrates the transplacental transfer of circulating filarial antigen from mother to cord. Filaria-specific IgM and IgE antibodies were higher in cord blood from infected mothers than from non-infected mothers. The findings of the study provide additional circumstantial evidence for pre-natal sensitization to filarial antigens developedin utero.
Adherence to Treatment Among Children with Cardiac Disease
Authors: Ittenbach Richard F. , Cassedy Amy E. , Marino Bradley S. , Spicer Robert L. , Drotar Dennis 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveOur purpose was to review the literature with respect to issues of adherence to treatment among children with congenital and acquired cardiac disease.Materials and MethodsDatabases used for this review included MEDLINE, Pub Med’s Single Citation Manager, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Google Scholar. We did not use any restrictions on date when locating peer-reviewed articles published worldwide through December of 2008.ResultsThere exists a lack of published research regarding adherence to medical treatment for children with cardiac conditions. Of the few published studies, rates of adherence for children with congenital and acquired cardiac disease ranged from a high of 96% for an in-patient exercise programme, to a low of 33% among those who made all of their medical appointments. Risk factors for nonadherence included older age, one as opposed to two parents in the home, lack of emotional availability of parents, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, use of illicit drugs, presence of tattoos, and multiple body piercings. Clinical outcomes associated with non adherence in the population of children undergoing transplantation included mortality, acute episodes of rejection, lower levels of Cyclosporine A, and lower values for the International Normalised Ratio of prothrombin.ConclusionsFor children with congenital and acquired heart disease, the challenges of adherence to treatment can often be overwhelming. Recommendations designed to maximize the impact and scientific rigour of future studies include obtaining quantitative and qualitative measures of adherence, identifying primary and secondary endpoints, emphasizing factors of interest, planning studies with sufficient power to impact on the adherence to treatment, and developing epidemiologic foundations.
Valve-Sparing Replacement of the Aortic Root for a 2-year-old Child with Loeys-Dietz Syndrome
Authors: Ootaki Yoshio , Uddin Minhaz , Ungerleider Ross M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLoeys-Dietz syndrome is a newly recognized constellation that presents with aortic aneurysm or dissection similar to Marfan’s syndrome. We describe successful surgical treatment in a 2-year-old with the syndrome in whom we performed a valve-sparing replacement of the aortic root because of significant dilation of the aortic root and the ascending aorta.
Stress imaging in congenital cardiac disease
Authors: Robbers-Visser Daniëlle , Luijnenburg Saskia E. , van den Berg Jochem , Moelker Adriaan , Helbing Willem A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn patients with coronary arterial disease, stress imaging is able to demonstrate abnormalities in the motion of the ventricular walls, and abnormalities in coronary arterial perfusion not apparent at rest. It can also provide information on prognostic factors. In patients with congenitally malformed hearts, stress imaging is used to determine contractile reserve, abnormalities of mural motion, and global systolic function, but also to assess diastolic and vascular function. In most of these patients, stress is usually induced using pharmacological agents, mainly dobutamine given in varying doses. The clinical usefulness of abnormal responses to the stress induced in such patients has to be addressed in follow-up studies. The abnormal stress might serve as surrogate endpoints, predicting primary endpoints at an early stage, which are useful for stratification of risk in this population of growing patients. We review here the stress imaging studies performed to date in patients with congenitally malformed hearts, with a special emphasis on echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.
Differential engagement of cognitive and affective neural systems in pediatric bipolar disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: PASSAROTTI ALESSANDRA M. , SWEENEY JOHN A. , PAVULURI MANI N. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis fMRI study investigates the neural bases of cognitive control of emotion processing in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Seventeen un-medicated PBD patients, 15 un-medicated ADHD patients, and 14 healthy controls (HC) (mean age = 13.78 ± 2.47) performed an emotional valence Stroop Task, requiring them to match the color of an emotionally valenced word to the color of either of two adjacent circles. Both patient groups responded significantly slower than HC, but there were no group differences in accuracy. A voxel-wise analysis of variance on brain activation revealed a significant interaction of group by word valence [F(2,41) = 4.44; p = .02]. Similar group differences were found for negative and positive words. For negative versus neutral words, both patient groups exhibited greater activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and parietal cortex relative to HC. The PBD group exhibited greater activation in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) relative to HC. The ADHD group exhibited decreased VLPFC activation relative to HC and the PBD group. During cognitive control of emotion processing, PBD patients deployed the VLPFC to a greater extent than HC. The ADHD patients showed decreased VLPFC engagement relative to both HC and PBD patients. (JINS, 2010, 16, 106–117.)
Examining predictors of reaction times in children with ADHD and normal controls
Authors: EPSTEIN JEFFERY N. , HWANG MICHELLE E. , ANTONINI TANYA , LANGBERG JOSHUA M. , ALTAYE MEKIBIB , ARNOLD L. EUGENE 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA microanalysis of task events in a common go/no-go task was completed to examine how task events impact individual reaction times. Predictors of long reaction times were analyzed to better understand increased intra-individual variability (IIV) among children with ADHD compared with normal controls. Sixty-five children with ADHD and 65 normal controls matched on gender, ethnicity, and age completed a go/no-go task. Children across both groups were slower before and after omission errors than all other trials. They were also slower on the trial before successfully inhibiting their response to no-go trials. Children with ADHD exhibited a pronounced slowing on trials prior to omission errors and trials prior to successful inhibitions compared with the normal control group. Pre-error slowing in children with ADHD may represent the beginning stages of attentional disengagement that subsequently results in the absence of responding (i.e., errors of omission or successful inhibition). While these event-related increases in reaction time explain some of the increased IIV observed in children with ADHD, the removal of these trials did not remove the pronounced between-group differences in IIV, suggesting that additional unmeasured processes are contributing to IIV in children with ADHD. (JINS, 2010, 16, 138–147.)
Cognitive development after traumatic brain injury in young children
Authors: GERRARD-MORRIS AIMEE , TAYLOR H. GERRY , YEATES KEITH OWEN , WALZ NICOLAY CHERTKOFF , STANCIN TERRY , MINICH NORI , WADE SHARI L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe primary aims of this study were to examine post-injury cognitive development in young children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to investigate the role of the proximal family environment in predicting cognitive outcomes. Age at injury was 3–6 years, and TBI was classified as severe (n = 23), moderate (n = 21), and complicated mild (n = 43). A comparison group of children who sustained orthopedic injuries (OI, n = 117) was also recruited. Child cognitive assessments were administered at a post-acute baseline evaluation and repeated at 6, 12, and 18 months post-injury. Assessment of the family environment consisted of baseline measures of learning support and stimulation in the home and of parenting characteristics observed during videotaped parent–child interactions. Relative to the OI group, children with severe TBI group had generalized cognitive deficiencies and those with less severe TBI had weaknesses in visual memory and executive function. Although deficits persisted or emerged across follow-up, more optimal family environments were associated with higher scores for all injury groups. The findings confirm other reports of poor recovery of cognitive skills following early childhood TBI and suggest environmental influences on outcomes. (JINS, 2010,16, 157–168.)
The motives for cooperation in work organizations
Authors: LOPES HELENA , SANTOS ANA C. , TELES NUNO 
Published: October 2009

Abstract:This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of cooperation in productive ventures, conceived of as collective action endeavours that require cooperation rather than mere coordination. It is argued that cooperative behaviour is grounded on three kinds of ‘common goods’, defined as goods that are shared and recognized as beneficial by the workers. These comprise common goals, relational satisfaction, and moral norms and values. The commonly held goods are associated with motives and behavioural rules which constitute both the reasons for cooperating and the means through which the dilemmatic nature of cooperation is overcome. It is further argued that the binding character of these rules is closely linked to humans’ ability and opportunity to communicate. Normative guidelines relative to management practices and directions for future research are also derived.