bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathological and Biochemical Changes Associated with Selenium and Vitamin E Deficiency in Chicks
Authors: Hassan Saifeldin , Hakkarainen Juhani , Jönsson Lennart , Tyopponen Jouko 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOne day old unsexed White Leghorn chicks obtained either from commercial hens fed adequate levels of selenium (Se) and vitamin E (VE) (Comm. chicks), or from hens depleted in both nutrients (Depl. chicks), were fed a low Se‐VE semi‐synthetic basal diet. The dietary Se content was kept constantly low, while graded levels of VE as dl‐aα‐tocopheryl acetate (dl‐αTa), (0, 5, 10 or 15 mg VE/kg diet) were fed for six weeks. An efficient carry‐over of Se and VE from hens to their progeny was observed by a significant increase in their muscle Se, liver Se‐glutathione peroxidase (Se‐GSH‐Px), and VE content at hatching. In the Depl. chicks, signs of Se‐VE deficiency, i. e. exudative diathesis (ED) were observed at hatching, indicating that the deficiency lesions had developed during the embryonic period, whereas these signs were not observed in Comm. chicks on the depletion diets until they were 2 weeks old. The VE supplemental level of 15mg/kg was not adequate to provide a complete protection against ED. Exudative diathesis was associated with low levels of muscle Se, liver Se‐GSH‐Px and VE and was also accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the liver non‐Se‐GSH‐Px. Autopsy findings and histopathological lesions were observed only in subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscle. The subcutaneous tissue was edematous with hyaline vascular lesions and hemorrhages. The thigh muscles were more susceptible to deficiency lesions than were the breast muscles, and showed in acute stages degenerative processes of the muscle fibers including calcium deposits, vascular lesions and hemorrhages. In subacute and chronic cases, reparative changes and muscle damage may develop independently of the hyaline vasculosis. To prevent ED, adequate Se and VE in chick diet is essential after hatching, irrespective of their tissue reserves of both nutrients at 1 day of age.
Comparative Trial of Xylazine and Medetomidine as Preanaesthetics Prior to Na Pentobarbital Anaesthesia in Dogs
Authors: Gasthuys F. , Parmentier D. , van Ommeslaeghe K. , de Moor A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effects of medetomidine [20 and 40μg/kg of body weight (BWT) i. m.] followed by sodium pentobarbital were assessed and compared with the effects of xylazine (1mg/kg of BWT i. m.) in three groups each of 6 dogs. The effects of atipamezole as a specific antidote after anaesthesia were also studied.Medetomidine produced a reliable sedation which was clinically comparable with the xylazine premedication. 40μg/kg medetomidine induced lower induction (non‐significantly), total (p < 0. 05), anaesthetic (non‐significantly) and anaesthetic per hour (non‐significantly) doses of Na pentobarbital compared to the 20μg/kg medetomidine and the xylazine protocols. No significant differences in the total number of re‐injections were found between the sedative protocols although a gradual increase in number of re‐injections per hour was observed.Significant decreases in heart and respiration rates were noticed during anaesthesia in all groups (p<0. 01). The heart and respiration rates during anaesthesia in the 40μg/kg medetomidine group were always significantly lower compared to the xylazine group. Body temperature decreased gradually in time during anaesthesia in all groups (p<0. 05 after 1 hour, p<0. 01 after 2 and 3 hours) without significant differences between the groups. The extubation time in the medetomidine protocols without antagonisation was significantly greater (p<0. 01) than the extubation time after antagonisation with atipamezole.
Immunohistochemical Detection of Papillomavirus Structural Antigens in Animal Hyperplastic and Neoplastic Epithelial Lesions
Authors: Sironi G. , Caniatti M. , Scanziani E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOne hundred and seventytwo hyperplastic and neoplastic epithelial lesions from 8 different mammalian and 1 avian species have been tested with an immunohistochemical technique to detect papillomavirus structural antigens. Selected lesions were diagnosed histologically as papilloma, fibropapilloma, equine sarcoid, squamous cell carcinoma, basalioma, epulis, keratoacanthoma, trichoepithelioma, pilomatrixoma, epidermal inclusion cyst, and hyperkeratotic or acanthotic epidermal lesions. Positive nuclear staining was detected in 14 out of 23 papillomas, 8 out of 32 fibropapillomas and in 1 out of 3 hyperplastic epidermal lesions. Positive samples were found in 5 of 8 mammalian species. Selected samples were also examined by transmission electron microscopy. In 4 samples papillomavirus was seen. In two other samples, negative with immunoperoxidase technique, papovavirus‐like particles were observed.
Histological Changes in the Genital Tract of Female Veal Calves Implanted with Naturally Occurring Anabolic Steroids
Authors: Groot M. J. , Hartog J. M. P. den 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe influence of implants composed of estradiol and testosterone on the genital tract of female veal calves was studied. Striking results were the metaplastic and hyperplastic lesions seen in Bartholin's glands (an estrogenic effect) and a preputial‐like separation of the clitoral epithelium (an androgenic effect). Other changes were less pronounced or resembled those found in estrous animals. Similar though less distinct histological changes were observed in the genital tract of animals from a farm with a history of illegal administration of anabolic steroids suggesting illegal treatment. From these findings it is concluded that histological screening of Bartholin's glands for estrogenic influences and of the clitoris for androgenic activity can be useful in tracing illegal anabolic treatment of female veal calves with combination preparations.
Changes in Disposition Kinetics of Sulphadimidine in Response to Acute Regional Liver Damage in Sheep
Authors: Argaw T. , Brugere H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDisposition kinetics of sulphadimidine in sheep, before and after regional liver damage by allyl alcohol, was investigated following a single IV injection (l00mg/kg). Allyl alcohol (12mg/kg) provoked periportal liver lesion in 60 per cent of the animals.In normal sheep the mean elimination half‐life of sulphadimidine was 7. 47 ± 1. 09 hours. Liver damage significantly increased this value to 11. 68 ± 1. 09 hours. Liver damage by allyl alcohol significantly changed the total body clearance (C1B), the overall elimination rate constant (β) and the micro‐constants k12and kcl. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) and the micro‐constant k12were not influenced by liver damage. The mean minimum steady‐state concentration (Cp[min]) in normal sheep (38. 43μg/ml at 24 hours of interval) was found to be higher than previously reported. Liver intoxication significantly increased this value to 94. 38μg/ml.It is suggested that the regional liver damage has affected both the elimination and biotransformation of sulphadimidine.
Regulation of the Uterine Expression of Messenger Ribonucleic Acids Encoding the Oestrogen Receptor and IGF–I Peptides in the Pig Uterus
Authors: Sahlin L. , Rodriguez‐Martinez H. , Stanchev Ph. , Dalin A. ‐M. , Norstedt G. , Eriksson H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe acute effects of oestradiol‐17 β on the expression of the oestrogen receptor (ER) and insulinlike growth factor I (IGF‐I) in the endometrium of ovariectomized pigs were examined. The steroid receptor level was assayed by hormone binding techniques and specific mRNAs analyzed by solution hybridization using 35S‐labelled RNA probes complementary to the ligand‐binding domain of the ER receptor gene and a 160bp Panl‐Pvul fragment of the IGF‐I gene. One hour after a single injection of oestradiol (1 μg/kg BW), the nuclear oestrogen receptor (ERn) mean level was increased 3‐fold whereas the ER mRNA content had not changed significantly. After 3 hours the ERn mean concentration was still high; the mean ER mRNA level had decreased by 15% and the mean IGF‐I mRNA had increased 3‐fold above that in the samples collected prior to treatment from these ovariectomized animals. Six hours after the injection the ERn content had returned to the basal level and stayed there during the following six hours. The ER mRNA concentration continued to decline, reached its lowest value after six hours and had increased slightly by twelve hours. The IGF‐I mRNA level increased steadily during the course of the experiment. At twelve hours after the injection it had increased 3‐fold. From these data we conclude that in the pig uterus oestradiol down‐regulates its own receptor and acts as a potent stimulator of endometrial growth by inducing IGF‐I expression.
Vitamin A (Retinol and Retinyl Esters), α‐Tocopherol and Lipid Levels in Plasma of Captive Wild Mammals and Birds1
Authors: Schweigert F. J. , Uehlein‐Harrell Stephanie , v. Hegel Giesela , Wiesner H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryVitamin A (retinol and retinyl esters), vitamin E and lipids were determined in a wide variety of wild mammals and birds held in captivity. In mammals plasma levels of vitamin A were generally below 500ng/ml and those of vitamin E were highly variable (0.1–2μg/ml). In primates, vitamin E levels were 3 to 8 μg/ml. Whereas in Marsupalia, Chioptera, primates, Rodentia, Proboscidea, Sirenia, Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla only retinol was found, retinyl esters (basically retinol palmitate/oleate) represented 10 to 50% of the total plasma vitamin A in some birds of the order Ciconiiformes and Falconiformes. Retinol levels in birds were higher compared to mammals (500‐2,000 ng/ml). The same was true for lipids as well as for vitamin E levels (1–26 μg/ml) in the plasma of birds.
Concentrations and Patterns of Released Pterins of Various Animal Cell Cultures*
Authors: Goldberg M. , Koller M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNeopterin, biopterin, pterin, 6‐hydroxymethylpterin and isoxanthopterin were determined in the supernatants of various animal cell cultures. The different cell lines showed distinct variations in the concentrations as well as in the pattern and total amount of the released pterins. In cells from the same organ but from diverse species differences in pattern and release were found. Cell lines derived from primates had a high release of neopterin. A further difference resulted from the origin of fetal or adult organs. Neoplastic cell lines showed different patterns of pterins, dependent on the type of tumour. Primary cultures from embryonic bovine lung had the highest total amount of released pterins in all cell lines examined.
Distribution of Immunoglobulins During Embryogenesis in the Chicken*
Authors: Kaspers B. , Schranner I. , Lösch U. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryWhereas the yolk of freshly‐laid eggs contains only IgG, apart from traces of IgA, we were able to measure, on average, 0.145 mg/ml IgM and 0.207 mg/ml IgA in the yolk sac contents of 21‐day‐old chicken embryos. Up to the 14th embryonic day, IgG is exclusively contained in the yolk sac contents. It was not possible to demonstrate an increase in the amount of immunoglobulins present by comparing the amounts of IgM and IgA in freshly‐laid eggs and in the yolk sac contents of 21‐day‐old embryos.The offspring of hens with experimentally‐induced agammaglobulinemia did not begin with the production of the immunoglobulin isotypes IgG, IgM and IgA until after hatching.From these results the conclusion can be drawn that the immunoglobulins IgM and IgA are transferred from the egg white to the yolk sac contents during the last third of embryonic development. Embryonic synthesis of these immunoglobins can be discounted as a result of this study.Synthesis was found to be initiated between the 2nd and 7th day of life for IgG, between the 2nd and 4th day of life for IgM and between the 6th and 13th day of life for IgA.
Hyperplasia of Somatostatin and Pancreatic Polypeptide Immunoreactive Cells in Dogs with Idiopathic Atrophy of the Exocrine Pancreas
Authors: Hellmann J. , Loppnow H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe pancreatic tissue from 25 dogs with idiopathic atrophy of the exocrine pancreas, and from 6 control dogs, was studied histologically and immunohistometrically. Cells producing insulin (B), glucagon (A), somatostatin (D), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were identified using specific antisera and the ABC technique. Histometrical quantitation revealed differences in the distribution of these cell types between the right and left pancreatic lobe. Initial stages of atrophy showed little changes concerning the relative proportions of the four cell types examined. In more advanced stages of atrophy, however, there was significant increase in the percentage of the D cells in the cell population of the left lobe. B and A cells showed no significant changes. In final stages, only tiny tissue spots were left over with a high percentage of PP cells. The changes in the endocrine cell population are considered a secondary and regenerative phenomenon, but an endocrine dysregulation cannot be excluded. Atrophy accompanied by diabetes mellitus and a lack of B cells seem to be due to a deficiency of insulin.
Enzyme Activities of Urinary Alanine Aminopeptidase (AAP) and N‐Acetyl‐β‐D‐Glucosaminidase (NAG) in Healthy Dogs
Authors: Reusch Claudia , Vochezer R. , Weschta E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe activity of the urinary enzymes alanine aminopeptidase (AAP; EC 3.4.11.2) and N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG; EC 3.2.1.30) was measured after eliminating distorting factors in ten healthy dogs on three consecutive days in order to determine inter‐ and intra‐individual variability.All the animals were being housed and fed in the same way. The urine (2nd morning urine) was collected between 8:30 and 10:00 a. m. by means of ultrasound‐controlled cystocentesis.Our comparative measurements of native and gel‐filtered urine showed an increase in enzyme activity in all of the samples in the case of AAP and in most of the samples in the case of NAG, thus proving the existence in the dog of AAP and NAG urinary enzyme inhibitors.The large inter‐ and intra‐individual AAP and NAG fluctuation ranges were reduced considerably by relating enzyme activity to urine creatinine concentration. The provisional upper limit of the AAP reference range is 6.3 U/g creatinine (90% percentile), that of NAG 6.2 U/g creatinine (90% percentile). The AAP and NAG enzyme activities remained constant in gel‐filtered samples kept at 4°C for at least 5 days, in those kept at ‐ 18°C for at least 4 weeks.
Modification of the Cutting Thread Technique for Intestinal Anastomoses using Diathermy
Authors: Sandh G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe author has modified a surgical technique, which was originally developed at the turn of the century, for the aseptic establishment of an intestinal anastomosis. The principle of this technique, known as the “cutting thread” principle, was that a loop of thread was introduced into the lumen of each of two approximated loops of intestine. After suturing the two loops of intestine together around the intraluminal parts of the thread, the latter was used as a “wire‐saw” to create a stoma between the two intestinal loops. The author modified the method in such a way that the cutting could be performed with diathermy, thus avoiding the risk of uncontrollable traumatization which was inherent in the original technique. The author also used “steering” sutures which encircled the diathermy wire, preventing the wire from running “off the line”. The cutting thread of the original method was replaced by a silver‐plated copper wire, insulated with teflon except for a few mm in the middle and a few cm at each end. The stoma was cut with diathermy, using the uninsulated middle of the wire as an electrode. After testing in experimental animals, this technique appears to be of value in certain clinical operations, e. g. implantation of the small intestine into the caecum or colon following an ileal respective caecal resection in the horse.
Effect of Energy/Protein Ratio on Productive Performance and Carcass Composition of Male Broilers*
Authors: Cornejo S. , López A. , Pokniak J. , González N. , Cordeiro A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTo minimize excessive carcass fatness of broiler chicken, a diet with a low energy/protein ratio (EPR 117 resulting from 2800 Kcal ME/kg and 24% crude protein) was fed between days 7–14 (E 1), 7–21 (E 2) or 21–35 (E 3); the rest of the time, up to 49 days of age, the chicks were fed as the control group, with EPR's of 138, 162 and 181 according to age. The results indicate that the feeding of a ration with a low EPR at different ages did not importantly impair productive performance although treatments E2 and E3 produced lower live weights and a decreased feed conversion (P≦0.03). Concerning carcass characteristics, there was a trend to lower abdominal fat content in all experimental groups as compared to the control group and a lower ether extract content in the edible part of broilers from treatments E2 and E3 (P≦0.06). More research is needed to find a metabolic explanation for these feeding effects.
An Automated Method for Determination of Total Bile Acid Concentration in Canine Serum
Authors: Jensen A. L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe purpose of the study was to evaluate an automated modification of the enzymatic method, Enzabile®(Nycomed)for tne determination of total bile acid concentration in canine serum. Evaluation of the automated method was accomplished by measuring the within‐run and between‐day variation, by assessment of accuracy, and by assessment of detectability of the method. The automated method was found to correlate well with the original Enzabile®(Nycomed)method. The resulting regression equation was found to be: y = 5.81 + 1.09x, r = 0.99. Also, the variations and the detection limit of the automated method were smaller, respectively lower, compared to the reference method.
Detomidine Reduces the Plasma Catecholamine, but not Cortisol Concentrations in Horses
Authors: Raekallio Marja , Vainio Outi , Scheinin Mika 
Published: May 2010

SummarySingle doses of the α2‐adrenergic sedative‐analgesic drug, detomidine (10 μg/kg, n = 7; 20 μg/kg, n = 9), were administered IV to adult horses. Plasma concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, the catecholamine metabolites 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and Cortisol were determined before the medication and 30 minutes after it.The plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and the catecholamine metabolites decreased significantly after administration of both 10 μg/kg and 20 μg/kg of detomidine. Plasma adrenaline level had a tendency to decrease, but plasma Cortisol levels were not influenced. The findings suggest a reduction in sympatho‐adrenal activity in horses treated with detomidine.
Intestinal Permeability in Piglets During Transmissible Gastroenteritis
Authors: Egberts H. J. A. , Vellenga L. , van Dijk J. E. , Mouwen J. M. V. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMacromolecular permeability of the small intestine was tested in seven three‐week‐old piglets infected with porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGE‐strain Miller). Fourteen hours after the infection, the piglets showed loss of appetite and a profuse diarrhoea. In some animals vomiting occurred somewhat earlier. Macromolecular permeability was tested morphologically by injecting horseradish peroxidase (MW = 40,000 Da) into the jejunal lumen just distally to the Treitz' ligament in two piglets at 12 hours and in five piglets at 48 hours after the inoculation in comparison with two control piglets. After a period of 20 minutes, small segments of jejunum were taken for stereomicroscopical, histological and ultrastructural investigations. An increased permeability for HRP together with a severe, hyper‐regenerative villous atrophy was observed in the TGE‐infected piglets at 48 hours after the inoculation.
Post‐Thaw Motility, ATP Content and Cytochrome C Oxidase Activity of A. I. Bull Spermatozoa in Relation to Fertility
Authors: Söderquist L. , Rodriguez‐Martinez H. , Janson L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryRelationship between post‐thaw sperm motility, ATP content, Cytochrome c oxidase (Ceo) activity and fertility (56 days non‐return) were determined in frozen‐thawed semen. Semen was obtained from 47 A. I. bulls, and only ejaculates with a post‐thaw sperm motility of ≥ = 50% were used. The post‐thaw sperm motility was 52.7 ± 6.9 % (x̄ ± SD) at 30 min. The overall mean concentration of ATP was 18.7 ± 5.6 nmol/spermatozoa × 108. Sperm motility, Cytochrome c oxidase activity and ATP content were found to be related to each other (r = 0.57‐0.64; p ≤ 0.05‐0.001). However, only ATP content showed a statistical significant but negative correlation (r = ‐0.24) with fertility. No correlation was found between post‐thaw motilitiy and fertility (56 days non‐return within examined freezings).The results obtained raise doubts about the usefulness of sperm motility as an indicator of the fertilizing ability of frozen‐thawed semen with a post‐thaw motility of ≥ = 50%.
Chronic Hepatitis in Three Young Standard Poodles
Authors: Jensen A. L. , Nielsen O. L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe finding of a morphological similar type of chronic hepatitis in three young and related Standard Poodles is reported. The chronic hepatitis had some resemblance to lobular dissecting hepatitis that is a rare hepatobiliary disorder predominantly described in Standard Poodles, but it could not be concluded whether or not this was actually the diagnosis. However, as the finding of a morphological similar type of chronic hepatitis in three related dogs is rather uncommon, a common genetic or environmental background might be involved in the etiopathogenesis of the disease.
Urinary Excretion of Purines in Sheep with Experimental Orotic Aciduria
Authors: Motyl T. , Siwecka B. , Kukulska W. , Orzechowski A. , Puchala R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryUrinary excretion of uric acid, hypoxanthine, allantoin, and urea was measured in sheep (Polish Merino, about 20 kg b. w.) with experimental orotic aciduria. The 240 min infusion of 6‐azauridine solution into the juguiar vein induced a highly significant increase of urinary orotic acid, uric acid and hypoxanthine excretion. No differences were found in relation to excretion of allantoin and urea in examined sheep. It was calculated that renal clearance of uric acid and hypoxanthine increased significantly in response to 6‐azauridine infusion. Intravenous infusion of sodium orotate evoked a highly significant elevation of renal urate clearance. No significant change in renal urea clearance was observed. The data suggest that competition between the renal transport of orotate and actively transported purine compounds (uric acid and hypoxanthine) occurs.