bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative interpretation of self‐potential anomalies in hydrogeological exploration of volcanic areas: a new approach
Authors: Zhang Gui‐Bin , Aubert Maurice 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTHydrogeological exploration of volcanic areas has shown that there is a correlation between the range of a negative self‐potential (SP) anomaly and the thickness of the unsaturated zone measured in boreholes. Based on this correlation, it is assumed that the SP anomaly is created in an unsaturated medium through which meteoric water moves downwards, and thus an SP anomaly in a polarized medium has been derived analytically. This SP formula can be used in an inverse technique in the wavenumber domain, in which inversion of the SP anomaly is used to calculate the location and depth of ground water. Theoretical models and field examples demonstrate that this method can be used to explore ground water in volcanic areas.
Study on complex inversion of magnetic resonance sounding signals
Authors: Braun Martina , Hertrich Marian , Yaramanci Ugur 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTMagnetic resonance sounding (MRS), also known as surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR), is used for non‐invasive direct groundwater determination and aquifer characterization. Among other parameters, the electrical conductivity of the subsurface causes a complex‐valued MRS signal. We show in our study that the real and imaginary parts of the signal evolve from different depth volumes, and so they contain complementary information. Generally, the imaginary part is more sensitive to deep structures than the real part of the signal, i.e. in conductive media, signals arising from deep layers have a significantly greater imaginary part than an equivalent signal from shallow depths. Statistical analyses of the inversion result of synthetic data show the advantages of a complex inversion scheme for determining the water content in the subsurface: model ambiguities are significantly reduced and the depth resolution is increased. Also the investigations on artificially noise‐perturbed data show a clear improvement in the stability and resolution of model boundaries. For field data, amplitude and complex inversion schemes yield significantly different results. However, the various influences on the phase are still undergoing investigation, and at present the complex inversion is limited to selected (explainable) field data sets.
Editorial for the Inaugural Issue
Authors: Rajapakse Senaka 
Published: August 2009

It is with pleasure that we launch the inaugural issue of the Sri Lanka Journal of Critical Care. This is an official publication of the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. The journal is peer-reviewed, and is Sri Lanka's first online-only open access journal. We do not charge a subscription fee, nor do we charge authors. The open-access model is now a favoured model for publication of scientific research, and enables wider dissemination of scientific publications. Making the journal an online only publication greatly reduces the cost of publication, while making it possible to provide it through an open-access model. The journal aims to foster research and education in critical care medicine in Sri Lanka. We are indexed on Google Scholar. Critical Care Medicine is gradually being established as a subspecialty in Sri Lanka. The Specialty Board in Critical Care and Emergency Medicine was established by the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine to function under the Board of Study for Multidisciplinary Study Courses recently. As its first activity, a Postgraduate Diploma in Critical Care was commenced this year, and the first batch of trainees have commenced training. The aim of this diploma programme is to enhance the training of junior doctors working in intensive care units throughout the country. Critical care medicine is essentially a multidisciplinary specialty. In keeping with many models of critical care medicine in Europe, the United States, and other developed countries, we support the view that training in critical care medicine must allow entry from many different disciplines, such as clinical medicine, anaesthesiology, surgery, paediatrics, obstetrics and gynaecology, and many others. We sincerely hope this journal would provide a platform for the dissemination of research, scientific thought and debate in the field of critical care medicine in Sri Lanka. We particular encourage local researchers to submit their work to our journal. We are grateful for the support given towards us towards the establishment of this journal by the Director, PGIM, the staff at the Medical Education Resource Centre of the PGIM, and members of the Specialty Board in Critical Care, and the Editorial Board. We also thank the INASP (International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications) which supports us to make our journal available online through their Sri Lanka Journals Online project (www.sljol.info). In particular, we thank Mrs Sioux Cumming, Programme Officer, Publishing Support, INASP, for her continuing support and assistance in maintaining the journal. DOI: 10.4038/sljcc.v1i1.936
Blood Culture Techniques: Increasing Yields and Reducing Contamination
Authors: Chinniah Terrence Rohan 
Published: August 2009

Bloodstream infections are associated with significant patient mortality and health care costs. Isolation of the causative organism will direct the clinician to institute specific treatment. But isolation of the implicating organism is hampered by lack of yield and increased level of contamination. The rates of contamination and reduced yield are more relevant in Sri Lanka as most of our public sector laboratories use manual blood culture system and do not adhere to correct aseptic techniques of blood collection. This has led to delay in identifying the causative organism. Increase rates of contamination not only have hindered specific treatment but also have prompted clinicians to use antibiotics of increased cost and toxicity. Though differentiation between true pathogen and contamination is not clearly set, certain parameters, namely identification of the organism, proportion of the positive blood culture sets, Number of positive blood culture bottles within a blood culture set, time to growth, source of cultures (catheter drawn versus percutaneous) along with clinical and laboratory clues might help the clinicians and microbiologist to make a reasonable conclusion. Proper skin preparation with correct disinfectants, adherence to recommended techniques and contact time along with the collection of optimal volume of blood through a peripheral vein by a trained phlebotomy team has been found to increase the yield and reduce the rates of contamination. These recommendations could be practiced with ease in resource poor settings similar to Sri Lankan public sector hospitals.Keywords: Blood culture; infectionsCitation: Chinniah TR. Blood Culture Techniques: Increasing Yields and Reducing Contamination. Sri Lanka Journal of Critical Care 2009;1:15-24DOI: 10.4038/sljcc.v1i1.938
Glycaemic Status On Admission In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Indrakumar J. , Marasinghe M.G.C.P. 
Published: August 2009

Introduction: In patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), hyperglycemia is a predictor of immediate and long-term cardiovascular mortality. Abnormal glucose regulation is present in the majority of these patients and is unrecognized in up to half of the cases. The objective of this study was to assess the glycaemic status of patients on admission with ACS.Methodology: Patients presenting with chest pain and falling into one of the acute coronary syndromes (STEMI, NSTEMI, and UA) were allocated in to two groups based on past history of Diabetes. Diagnosed Diabetic patients who were not on treatment were excluded from the study. Admission RBS and next day FBS were recorded in all patients. Results: 102 patients were enrolled for the study. Mean admission random blood sugar(RBS) and fasting blood sugar(FBS) of diabetic patients who were on treatment were significantly higher (308, 203 mg/dl) than that of patients without a past history of Diabetes (135, 111 mg/dl) P < 0.001. Out of the patients with diabetes, 88% had a RBS more than 140mg/dl and 59% had more than 200 mg/dl on admission. Patients without past history of Diabetes, these values were 32% and 5% respectively. 45% of patients without past history of Diabetes had impaired FBS values (100 - 126 mg/dl) and 17% had a FBS value more than 126 mg/dl. The blood glucose values (RBS and FBS) of each of the three types of ACSs (STEMI, NSTEMI, UA) did not show a significant difference among them. Conclusions: Hyperglycaemia is a major problem in our patients with and without a past history of diabetes when they present with ACS. Therefore prompt attention is necessary on blood glucose control in all patients, irrespective of the past status of diabetes. It is important to follow up the patients with abnormal blood glucose values and without a past history of diabetes , to detect the development of Diabetes.Keywords: acute coronary syndrome; glycaemic control; hyperglycaemiaCitation: Indrakumar J, Marasinghe MCGP. Glycaemic Status On Admission In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome. Sri Lanka Journal of Critical Care 2009;1:25-28DOI: 10.4038/sljcc.v1i1.939
The Toxic Laundry Detergent Powder ‘Prinso’ Is Gaining Notoriety Amongst Villagers For Deliberate Self- Poisoning In And Around The Matara District
Authors: Munasinghe M.A.A.K. , Fernando W.K.B.K.M. 
Published: August 2009

Introduction: The washing powder ‘Prinso' consists of 2 sachets, one containing pink crystals and the other white granules which has become a popular agent amongst the youth for self poisoning. Objectives: To document clinical and biochemical features of ‘prinso' poisoning. To analyze the chemical constituents of prinso. Patients and methods: We present a series of 7 patients who were admitted to General hospital Matara following ‘Prinso' poisoning, from 01.06 2006 to 01.10.2007. We chemically analyzed the two sachets in faculty of science university of Ruhuna. Results: The male: female ratio was 3:4.Out of the 7 patients, 1 patient developed acute renal failure. Conclusion: The readily available household product ‘Prinso' has come to recognition in the array of poisons responsible for deliberate self poisoning among young with a preponderance among females ingesting it in the southern province of Sri Lanka.Keywords: poisoning; detergentCitation: Munasinghe MAAK, Fernando WKBKM. The Toxic Laundry Detergent Powder ‘Prinso’ Is Gaining Notoriety Amongst Villagers For Deliberate Self- Poisoning In And Around The Matara District. Sri Lanka Journal of Critical Care 2009;1:29-32DOI: 10.4038/sljcc.v1i1.940
Magnetic Seizure Therapy vs Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With Bipolar Mania
Authors: Chen Shan , Sheng Jianhua , Yang Fuzhong , Qiao Yi , Wang Wenzheng , Wen Hui , Yang Qiao , Chen Xiaochen , Tang Yingying 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceBipolar mania is a common disabling illness. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for patients with severe mania, though it is limited by the risk of cognitive adverse effects. Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) as an alternative treatment to ECT for bipolar mania has not yet been reported.ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness and cognitive adverse effects of MST and ECT in bipolar mania.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Shanghai Mental Health Center from July 1, 2017, through April 26, 2021. Forty-eight patients with bipolar mania were recruited and randomly allocated to receive MST or ECT. The data analysis was performed from June 5, 2021, through August 30, 2023.InterventionsPatients completed 2 or 3 sessions of MST or ECT per week for a total of 8 to 10 sessions. The MST was delivered at 100% device output with a frequency of 75 Hz over the vertex.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were reduction of total Young Manic Rating Scale (YMRS) score and response rate (more than 50% reduction of the total YMRS score compared with baseline). An intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and repeated-measures analyses of variance were conducted for the primary outcomes.ResultsTwenty patients in the ECT group (mean [SD] age, 31.6 [8.6] years; 12 male [60.0%]) and 22 patients in the MST group (mean [SD] age, 34.8 [9.8] years; 15 male [68.2%]) were included in the ITT analysis. The response rates were 95.0% (95% CI, 85.4%-100%) in the ECT group and 86.4% (95% CI, 72.1%-100%) in the MST group. The YMRS reduction rate (z = −0.82; 95% CI, −0.05 to 0.10; P = .41) and response rate (χ2 = 0.18; 95% CI, −0.13 to 0.31; P = .67) were not significantly different between the groups. The time-by-group interaction was significant for the language domain (F1,24 = 7.17; P = .01), which was well preserved in patients receiving MST but worsened in patients receiving ECT. No serious adverse effects were reported in either group.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that MST is associated with a high response rate and fewer cognitive impairments in bipolar mania and that it might be an alternative therapy for the treatment of bipolar mania.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03160664
Second Near‐Infrared Phototheranostics with cGAS‐STING‐Activating Capacity for Photothermal Immunotherapy
Authors: Gao Juxin , Wu Qinghua , Yan Yifan , Chen Minming , Li Quguang , Xu Yuchun , Wang Chunjie , Hao Erhong , Liu Zhuang , Feng Liangzhu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotothermal immunotherapy represents an effective approach for eliminating both local and metastatic tumors through priming of the tumor‐specific immune response. Cytosolic delivery of double‐stranded DNA via pH‐responsive vehicles is recently verified to activate the cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (GMP‐AMP) synthase‐stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS‐STING) pathway, which is robust in activating both innate and adaptive antitumor immunity. Herein, multifunctional phototheranostics with excellent photothermal conversion capacity, second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescence, and cGAS‐STING activating capacity are prepared by encapsulating fish testis DNA and conjugated boron dipyrromethene tetramers with poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) via a CaCO3‐assisted double emulsion method. The obtained phototheranostics (coined DB4CaP NPs) after intravenous administration gradually accumulate in tumor regions, as shown by NIR‐II fluorescence imaging. Together with local 915 nm laser exposure, primary tumors in mice treated with DB4CaP NPs could be effectively eradicated, with a complete response of 83.3%. Furthermore, such DB4CaP NPs could synergize with anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 immunotherapy to suppress the growth of distant unirradiated and rechallenged tumors through activating the antitumor immune response. This study highlights a promising strategy for eradicating tumors, particularly invisible and unresectable micronodules, through NIR‐II fluorescence imaging‐guided photothermal immunotherapy.
Hydrovoltaic Electricity Generation from Potato Carbon Cake: Using an Interconnected Porous Solar Steam Generator
Authors: Lal Sujith , Mohan Vidya , Batabyal Sudip K 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntegrating two advanced techniques, such as solar thermal evaporation (STE) for freshwater production and hydrovoltaic (HV) for electricity generation, makes a considerable attempt to attain basic energy needs. Here in this work, a crisscross porous carbonized ethanol‐treated potato cake as a hydrovoltaic device (CHV) is fabricated. CHV device is a highly stable, portable, eco‐friendly device with a maximum output voltage of 0.23 V and current of 5 µA under ambient conditions. This is further raised to 0.5 V when exposing 1 sun illumination (1 kW m2). Voltage studies are done by varying the wind flow, relative humidity, and bulk water temperature to confirm the device's HV property and dependent factors. The potential application of the device is tested by glowing an LED light connected with 5 CHV devices in series. It is continuously delivered output till the bulk water is dry. The shelf‐life ability of CHV is also analyzed after 1 year of usage and provided nearly the same outcome. Therefore, this single device with dual‐energy harvesting gives a significant solution to society's energy and water crisis for a better tomorrow.
Self‐Healable Multifunctional Fibers via Thermal Drawing
Authors: Qi Miao , Liu Yanting , Wang Zhe , Yuan Shixing , Li Kaiwei , Zhang Qichong , Chen Mengxiao , Wei Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of soft electronics and soft fiber devices has significantly advanced flexible and wearable technology. However, they still face the risk of damage when exposed to sharp objects in real‐life applications. Taking inspiration from nature, self‐healable materials that can restore their physical properties after external damage offer a solution to this problem. Nevertheless, large‐scale production of self‐healable fibers is currently constrained. To address this limitation, this study leverages the thermal drawing technique to create elastic and stretchable self‐healable thermoplastic polyurethane (STPU) fibers, enabling cost‐effective mass production of such functional fibers. Furthermore, despite substantial research into the mechanisms of self‐healable materials, quantifying their healing speed and time poses a persistent challenge. Thus, transmission spectra are employed as a monitoring tool to observe the real‐time self‐healing process, facilitating an in‐depth investigation into the healing kinetics and efficiency. The versatility of the fabricated self‐healable fiber extends to its ability to be doped with a wide range of functional materials, including dye molecules and magnetic microparticles, which enables modular assembly to develop distributed strain sensors and soft actuators. These achievements highlight the potential applications of self‐healable fibers that seamlessly integrate with daily lives and open up new possibilities in various industries.
Soil health indicators reveal that past dairy manure applications create a legacy effect
Authors: Tarkalson David D. , Rogers Christopher W. , Bjorneberg David L. , Dungan Robert S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the long‐term effects of manure applications on the soil microbial component in semiarid climates will be key to sustain essential processes that affect their productivity and soil health. In this paper, soil health indicators encompassed both selected chemical and biological indicators. From 2004 to 2009, solid dairy manure treatments were applied to plots at cumulative rates of 0, 134, and 237 dry Mg ha−1 (34–56 dry Mg ha−1 year−1) in a randomized complete block with three replicates. Soil samples were taken from each manure rate in the spring of 2020 at 0–15 and 15–30 cm. Eleven years after manure applications ceased, many of the soil chemical and biological indicators were different between the manure and control treatments. In general, soil organic carbon and biological indicators were significantly greater in the 134 and 237 Mg ha−1 treatments as compared to the 0 Mg ha−1 treatment.
Trends in gynecological cancer incidence, mortality, and survival among elderly women: A SEER study
Authors: Priyadarshini Subhadra , Swain Prafulla Kumar , Agarwal Khushi , Jena Diptismita , Padhee Sourav 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis paper aims to comprehensively analyze trends in gynecological cancers among elderly women in the United States from 1975 to 2020.MethodsSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population data were utilized for the analysis. Annual Percentage Change (APC) and Average APC were estimated using join‐point regression to assess trends in mortality rates.ResultsThe study reveals an increasing pattern of incidence and mortality in all gynaecological cancer sites except cervical cancer among elderly. The incidence of cervical cancer decreased from 1975 to 2007 and then increased, whereas cancer‐specific mortality decreased from 1977 to 2020, indicating positive advancements in detection and treatment.ConclusionsDespite progress in managing certain gynecological cancers, challenges persist, particularly evidenced by increasing mortality rates for cancers in other female genital organs. This underscores the necessity for sustained research efforts and targeted interventions to address these ongoing challenges effectively.
Strategies to Enhance the Electrochromic Properties of Conjugated Polymers Bearing Pyromellitic Diimide Acceptors
Authors: Hui Bryan Yat Kit , Chin Kang Le Osmund , Lim Jovan Jun Long , Soo Xiang Yun Debbie , Lu Xuehong , Zhu Qiang , Liu Xiaogang , Xu Jianwei , Chua Ming Hui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA series of conjugated polymers bearing thiophene‐based donors and pyromellitic diimide (PMDI) acceptor were prepared, and their electrochromic (EC) properties were studied via using fabricated thin‐film EC devices. It was observed that structurally regular alternating polymers with fewer (1 and 2) thiophene donors do not exhibit any EC properties while increasing the number of donors eventually led to the emergence of orange‐red‐to‐green colour switching. On this basis, two more random co‐polymers containing higher donor‐to‐acceptor ratios were synthesized to further improve EC switching properties. The two polymers, which bear a PMDI‐to‐thiophene ratio of ca. 1 : 7 and 1 : 8, revealed orange red‐to‐blue colour switching and generally improved optical contrasts and switching speeds in both the visible and near infra‐red (NIR) region. In addition, the subtle modulation of polymer colour and hue via variation of the number of thiophene donors was evident through colorimetric study. This work therefore demonstrates the potential and possibility of using the PMDI acceptor unit to construct EC‐active conjugated polymers, and considerations for future tuning of colour and switching performances.
Sulfide‐Induced Dimerization Versus Demetallation of Tricopper(I) Clusters Protected by Tris‐Thiolato Metalloligands
Authors: Goo Zi Lang , Yoshinari Nobuto , Yasukawa Yuhei , Minami Katsue , Konno Takumi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHere, we report the reactivity of copper(I) clusters toward sulfide ions; these sulfide copper(I) clusters have attracted much attention due to their relevance to biologically active centers and their fascinating structural and photophysical properties. Treatment of the CuI3RhIII2 pentanuclear complex, [Cu3{Rh(aet)3}2]3+ (aet=2‐aminoethanethiolate), in which a {CuI3}3+ cluster moiety is bound by two fac‐[Rh(aet)3] metalloligands, with NaSH in water produced the CuI6RhIII4 decanuclear complex, [Cu6S{Rh(aet)3}4]4+, accompanied by the dimerization of [Cu3{Rh(aet)3}2]3+ and the incorporation of a sulfide ion at the center. While similar treatment using the analogous CuI3IrIII2 complex with fac‐[Ir(aet)3] metalloligands, [Cu3{Ir(aet)3}2]3+, produced the isostructural CuI6IrIII4 decanuclear complex, [Cu6S{Ir(aet)3}4]4+, the use of the CuI3RhIII2 complex with fac‐[Rh(apt)3] metalloligands, [Cu3{Rh(apt)3}2]3+ (apt=3‐aminopropanethiolate), resulted in the removal of one of the three CuI atoms from {CuI3}3+ to afford the CuI2RhIII2 tetranuclear complex, [Cu2{Rh(apt)3}2]2+.