bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network numerical modelling of unsteady MHD‐free convection flow with mass transfer, hall current and viscous dissipation effects
Authors: Zueco Joaquín , Eguía P. , Patiño D. , López‐Ochoa L. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe transient problem of the coupled heat and mass transfer of an electrically conducting fluid in magnetohydrodynamic‐free convection from a semi‐infinite plate, with viscous dissipation and the Hall currents taken into account, is studied. The induced magnetic field due to the motion of the electrically conducting fluid is negligible. The non‐dimensional governing equations for the problem are solved by means of a numerical technique based on the electric analogy (Network Simulation Method). This method provides the numerical response of the system by running the network on circuit resolution software, providing the solution for both transient and steady‐state problems at the same time. Programming does not require manipulation of the sophisticated mathematical software that is inherent in other numerical methods. Numerical results for the velocities, temperature and concentration profiles are presented graphically for different values of the magnetic field parameter, the Hall parameter, and the Eckert, Schmidt, Grashof and modified Grashof numbers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards computational modelling of aortic stenosis
Authors: van Loon R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper fluid–structure interaction models of bioprosthetic or native aortic valves are proposed for the assessment of aortic stenosis severity. The fictitious domain approach is applied for the blood–valve interaction and the valve and root geometry are defined such that geometrical changes can easily be made. Clinically relevant scenarios are demonstrated using the models by introducing variable stroke volumes, differently shaped valve and root, leaflet fusion or calcifications. Systolic behaviour of the valves is observed and the severity of the occlusions is evaluated using the following clinically relevant criteria: geometrical orifice area, trans‐valvular pressure gradient, effective orifice area and Energy loss coefficient. Within this context, the benefits, shortcomings and potential of the presented three‐dimensional models are identified and discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Force Spectroscopy of the Interaction Between Mycobacterial Adhesins and Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycan Receptors
Authors: Dupres Vincent , Verbelen Claire , Raze Dominique , Lafont Frank , Dufrêne Yves F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNew avenues in pathogenesis research: Single‐molecule measurements using AFM elucidate the specific binding forces between pathogen–host interactions. A bacterial adhesin (HBHA) on the AFM tip detects single HSPG receptors directly on living host cells (see figure). In vivo HBHA‐HSPG binding forces are similar to those measured in vitro for HBHA‐heparin complexes.magnified imageUnderstanding the molecular interactions between bacterial adhesion proteins (adhesins) and their receptors is essential for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis. Here, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to explore the specific interactions between the heparin‐binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) receptors on live A549 pneumocytes. First, we show that the specific binding forces between single HBHA‐HSPG pairs, 57±16 pN, are similar to the forces measured earlier between HBHA and heparin molecules. Second, we mapped the distribution of single HSPG receptors on the surface of A549 cells, revealing that the proteins are widely and homogeneously exposed. Third, we observed force curves with constant force plateaus at large pulling velocities, reflecting the extraction of membrane tethers or nanotubes. These single‐molecule measurements provide new avenues in pathogenesis research, particularly for elucidating the molecular basis of pathogen–host interactions.
Impaired decentration in personality disorder: A series of single cases analysed with the metacognition assessment scale
Authors: Dimaggio Giancarlo , Carcione Antonino , Nicolò Giuseppe , Conti Laura , Fiore Donatella , Pedone Roberto , Popolo Raffaele , Procacci Michele , Semerari Antonio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground: There is growing support for the idea that an impaired understanding of others' mental states is an underlying feature of personality disorder (PD). Only recently has there begun to be evidence of impairments to subjects' ability to infer and reason about others' intentions and emotions, and detach from their own perspective when doing so. Method: We analysed the transcripts from the first 16 psychotherapy sessions of 14 PD patients. Scales for understanding others' minds from the Metacognition Assessment Scale were used. Results: Patients were generally able to describe others' mental states, although, at times, they had problems. There was, on the other hand, an inability to decentre while reasoning about others, and this was common to all the patients. Conclusions: PDs indeed feature a poor decentration, which is not easily identified with the usual lab tasks. Implications for further research and treatment are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• Patients with personality disorders have substantial difficulties in adopting others' point of view and standing back from their own, and grasping that they are not the center of other peoples' thoughts.
A Direct Route to Bifunctional Aldehyde Derivatives via Self‐ and Cross‐Metathesis of Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Miao Xiaowei , Fischmeister Cédric , Bruneau Christian , Dixneuf Pierre H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRuthenium‐catalyzed self‐ and cross‐metathesis, with acrolein, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid and methylacrylate, of the bioresource undecylenic aldehyde leads to a variety of unsaturated ω‐functional aldehydes. Tandem olefin metathesis/hydrogenation catalytic reactions afford saturated C20 and C12 diols in good yields.magnified image
Esterification of Acidic Oils over a Versatile Amorphous Solid Catalyst
Authors: Zaccheria Federica , Brini Simona , Psaro Rinaldo , Scotti Nicola , Ravasio Nicoletta 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn amorphous SiO2–ZrO2 catalyst shows high activity in the esterification of free fatty acids contained in vegetable oils while at the same time promoting the transesterification of triglycerides. The catalyst is hence a good candidate for a low‐waste deacidification pretreatment or for a one‐pot biodiesel production process starting from oils with a high acid content.magnified image
Dynamics of Dislocations in a 2D Plasma Crystal
Authors: Nosenko V. , Zhdanov S. K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRecent experimental results on the dislocation dynamics in a two‐dimensional plasma crystal are reviewed. A single layer of micron‐size microspheres was suspended in the sheath of a capacitively coupled rf discharge. The particles self‐organized in a triangular lattice. Edge dislocations were created in pairs in this plasma crystal when the internal shear stress built up above a threshold, due to the crystal's slow differential rotation. Basic stages of dislocation nucleation were identified and studied, from gradual pile‐up of shear strain in the crystal to eventual escape of free dislocations. After nucleation, dislocations moved supersonically with respect to the shear waves and generated shear‐wave Mach cones (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling of Voids in Complex Radio Frequency Plasmas
Authors: Goedheer W.J. , Land V. , Venema J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper hydrodynamic and kinetic approaches to model low pressure capacitively coupled complex radiofrequency discharges are discussed and applied to discharges under microgravity. Experiments in the PKE‐Nefedov reactor on board the International Space Station, as well as discharges in which gravity is compensated by means of thermophoresis are simulated with a 2‐D cylindrically symmetric hydrodynamic model. Kinetic effects are studied with a 1‐D Particle‐In‐Cell plus Monte Carlo model in which capture and scattering by dust grains is included. Simulations with this model address non‐local effects and modulated discharges (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamical Heterogeneities in 2D Dusty Plasma Liquids at the Discrete Level
Authors: Chan Chia‐Ling , Io Chong‐Wai , I Lin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDown to the discrete microscopic level, the liquid is neither homogeneous nor completely disordered. The interplay of mutual coupling and thermal agitation makes the system support short range structural order, and avalanche‐type cooperative hopping excitations which lead to structural arrangement. The rich dynamical behaviors of spatio‐temporal heterogeneities are still poorly understood because of the lack of proper tools for direct visualization. The dusty plasma liquid can be self‐organized by negatively charged micrometer sized dusts suspending in a low‐pressure rf discharge background. Its sub‐mm inter‐particle distance and the tens of second thermal relaxation time make it a proper system to mimic and understand the generic spatio‐temporal behaviors of the liquid at the discrete kinetic level through direct optical video‐microscopy. In this paper, we briefly review the recent studies on the dynamical heterogeneities of the cold 2D dusty plasma liquids at the discrete level. The effects of mutual interaction, thermal agitation, external shear, and tight confinement on micro‐motion, anomalous diffusion, avalanche‐type excitations of hopping clusters and defect clusters, structural ordering and rearrangement, and visco‐elastic responses are presented and discussed (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dust Particle Alignments in a Plasma Sheath
Authors: Samarian A. A. , Vladimirov S. V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractStability of vertical and horizontal arrangement of dust particles levitating in an rf sheath are discussed. Disruptions of particle arrangements are triggered by changing the discharge controlling parameters (pressure and peak‐to‐peak voltage) as well as by applying an additional bias to the confining electrode or by a laser beam. It is established that the most important controlling parameter is the relative strength of the horizontal and the vertical confinements. The clear hysteretic phenomena are observed for the horizontal‐vertical‐horizontal transition cycle. This hysteretic behavior can be attributed to the stabilizing (for the vertical alignment) and destabilizing (for the horizontal alignment) influence of the plasma wake potential. The width of the hysteresis increases with decreasing pressure thus indicating on stronger influence of the wake phenomena for low pressures. The horizontal alignment instability at the critical confinement can provide a new diagnostic tool for determining the wake parameters (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Towards a Microscopic Theory of Particle Charging
Authors: Bronold F. X. , Fehske H. , Kersten H. , Deutsch H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe recently questioned the treatment of a dust particle as a perfect absorber for electrons and ions and proposed a surface model for the charge of a dust particle in a quiescent plasma which combines the microscopic physics at the grain boundary (sticking into and desorption from external surface states) with the macrophysics of the discharge (plasma collection fluxes). Within this model the charge and partial screening of the particle can be calculated without relying on the condition that the total electron collection flux balances on the grain surface the total ion collection flux. Grain charges obtained from our approach compared favorably with experimental data. The purpose of this paper is to describe our model in more detail, in particular, the hypotheses on which it is built, contrast it with the standard charging models based on flux balancing on the grain surface, and to analyze additional experimental data (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dust Clouds in Dc‐Generated Dusty Plasmas: Transport, Waves, and Three‐Dimensional Effects
Authors: Thomas E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe study of dusty plasmas in dc‐generated plasmas is a broad topic because of the wide variety of experimental configurations that fall under the category of “dc plasma source”. Experimental configurations such as the hot filament discharge, anodic (anode/cathode) discharge, and Q‐machine are all variations of the “dc plasma source” in which extensive studies of dusty plasmas have been performed. This paper will review dusty plasma investigations in these plasma sources. First, an introduction to each of these configurations and representative examples of each one will be given. This will be followed by a discussion of microparticle confinement in each of these configurations. Then, key results from dusty plasma investigations using these devices will be discussed. Specific emphasis will be placed on studies of: microparticle charging, particle cloud morphology, dust‐driven and dust‐modified waves, and strongly coupled effects. Some remarks on emerging research areas will be given at the end (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth Process of Polyaniline Thin Films Formed by Hot Wire CVD
Authors: Zaharias Gillian A. , Bent Stacey F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe explore the use of hot‐wire (HW) CVD as an alternative, solvent‐free technique to produce compact films similar to conventional polyaniline. Film deposition and molecular bonding are studied as functions of Ta filament temperature, aniline pressure, and substrate temperature to allow an insight into the film growth mechanism, which is postulated to depend largely on reactions of aniline with H and C atoms generated at the hot wire. The process gas, aniline, is found to cause rapid formation of tantalum carbide and carbon deposits on the hot Ta surface. The accompanying change in film quality as the filament ages is studied.
Correlation of flow cytometrically determined expression of ZAP‐70 using the SBZAP antibody with IgVH mutation status and cytogenetics in 1,229 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Kern Wolfgang , Dicker Frank , Schnittger Susanne , Haferlach Claudia , Haferlach Torsten 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground:ZAP‐70 provides an important prognostic information in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); however, the most appropriate antibody clone and way of analysis have not yet been defined.Methods:We determined ZAP‐70 expression in 1,229 patients with CLL using the SBZAP clone by applying three different ways of analysis (% positive B‐cells, mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in B‐cells, MFI ratio T‐cells:B‐cells).Results:ZAP‐70 expression was related to somatic hypermutation status of IgVH genes for all three ways of analysis (P < 0.0001 each). The strongest correlation was found for MFI ratio (r = −0.475, P < 0.0001); cases with mutated and unmutated IgVH status significantly differed in their mean MFI ratio (6.33 vs. 3.34, P < 0.0001). ZAP‐70 expression was weaker in sole del(13q) (5.44 vs. 4.44, P = 0.001) and stronger in del(11q) (3.31 vs. 5.29, P < 0.0001) and del(6q) (3.29 vs. 5.18, P = 0.005). MFI ratio was significantly related to time to therapy (P = 0.004, RR = 0.79) in 221 evaluable cases. Multivariate analysis proved MFI ratio (P = 0.043, RR = 0.64) and CD38 (P = 0.047, RR = 1.20 per 10%) as only parameters independently related to time to therapy.Conclusions:Determination of ZAP‐70 expression using SBZAP and applying MFI ratio T‐cells:B‐cells results in significant relations to IgVH mutation status, cytogenetics, and outcome and should be further analyzed and considered for routine application in CLL. © 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society
A network processor‐based architecture for multi‐gigabit traffic analysis
Authors: Di Pietro A. , Ficara D. , Giordano S. , Oppedisano F. , Procissi G. , Vitucci F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe wide availability of cheap and effective commodity PC hardware has driven the development of versatile traffic monitoring software such as protocol analyzers, traffic characterizers and intrusion detection systems. Most of them are designed to run on general purpose architectures and are based on the well‐known libpcap API, which has rapidly become a de facto standard. Although many improvements have been applied to packet capturing software, it still suffers from several performance flaws, mainly due to the underlying hardware bottlenecks. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a system architecture, which combines the high performance of a Network Processor card with the flexibility of software‐based solutions. It allows for removing most part of the hardware limitations exhibited by a purely PC‐based architecture, while preserving the full compliance to any software applications based on libpcap. In addition, the proposed system enables the use of monitoring applications at the wire speed, with the possibility of on‐the‐fly data processing. The system performance has been thoroughly assessed: the results show that it clearly outperforms the previous PC‐based solutions in terms of packet capturing power, while the timestamping accuracy is as good as that achieved by DAG cards. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dopamine modulation of the In vivo acetylcholine response in the Drosophila mushroom body
Authors: Tsydzik Vitold , Wright Nicholas J.D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOlfactory sensory information in Drosophila is transmitted through antennal lobe projections to Mushroom Body neurons (Kenyon cells) by means of cholinergic synapses. Application of acetylcholine (ACh) and odors produce significant increases in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in these neurons. Behavioral studies show that Kenyon cell activity is modulated by dopaminergic inputs and this modulation is thought to be the basis for an olfactory conditioned response. However, quantitative assessment of the synaptic inputs to Kenyon cells is currently lacking. To assess neuronal activity under in vivo conditions, we have used the endogenously‐expressed camgaroo reporter to measure [Ca2+]i in these neurons. We report here the dose‐response relationship of Kenyon cells for ACh and dopamine (DA). Importantly, we also show that simultaneous application of ACh and DA results in a significant decrease in the response to ACh alone. In addition, we show inhibition of the ACh response by cyclic adenosine monophosphate. This is the first quantitative assessment of the effects of these two important transmitters in this system, and it provides an important basis for future analysis of the cellular mechanisms of this well established model for associative olfactory learning. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2009
Identification of novel genes involved in the development of the sword and gonopodium in swordtail fish
Authors: Offen Nils , Meyer Axel , Begemann Gerrit 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMale swordtail fish of the genus Xiphophorus develop a sword, a colourful extension of the caudal fin, that evolved by sexual selection through female choice. Swords and gonopodia, an intromittent organ developing from the male anal fin, can be prematurely induced by exogenous testosterone, offering the opportunity to examine the identity and expression profiles of genes required during various stages of fin metamorphosis. Here, we employed suppression subtractive hybridisation to identify genes specifically up‐regulated during two early stages of sword and gonopodium development. We identified 128 different sequences with significant similarity to known genes and characterized the rack1, dusp1, klf2, and tmsβ‐like genes as specifically up‐regulated in developing as well as regenerating fin rays of the sword and gonopodium. We show that some of these genes follow distinct expression profiles in swords and gonopodia, suggesting differences in the genetic networks underlying the development of anal and caudal fin modifications. Developmental Dynamics 238:1674–1687, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Windows of reflection: conceptualizing dyslexia using the social model of disability
Authors: Macdonald Stephen. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study is to develop perceptual knowledge of dyslexia from adults diagnosed with this condition. Historically, the dominant conceptual frameworks used to study dyslexia stem from psychological or educational practice. These disciplines predominantly draw on professional neuro‐biological or educational knowledge that can be broadly summarized within a medical or educational model approach. Both the medical and educational models view dyslexia as resulting from a neurological and learning dysfunction. As such, only a small amount of research has attempted to locate dyslexia within a sociological context. This paper analyses the life narratives of adults diagnosed with dyslexia using the social model of disability. The author investigates the impact that disabling barriers have in education and employment for people with dyslexia. The implications of this are discussed, particularly how issues of disabling barriers and social‐class structures affect the lives of people with dyslexia. The paper argues that social‐class positioning and institutional discrimination (in the form of disabling barriers) shape the experiences of people living with this condition. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dielectric Constant Controlled Solvothermal Synthesis of a TiO2 Photocatalyst with Tunable Crystallinity: A Strategy for Solvent Selection
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Lü Xujie , Zhang Linlin , Huang Fuqiang , Xu Fangfang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPhase‐pure anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with a tunable crystallinity have been prepared by a one‐step solvothermal method in the absence of any templates or additives. The crystallinity can be successfully controlled by varying the dielectric constant of the reaction solvent. 2‐Propanol, which has the lowest dielectric constant of those studied, favors the crystallization of TiO2 nanocrystals with the best crystallinity, in other words nano‐TiO2 crystals with the largest crystallite size (14.8 nm), lowest lattice strain (7.27 × 10–3), and highest photocatalytic efficiency (almost six times that obtained in methanol). The effect of the dielectric constant on the solubility of the precursor and subsequent nucleation and crystal growth is discussed in detail. These discussions shed some light on solvent selection for the designed synthesis of nano‐TiO2 with different crystallinity. The photocatalytic activity of the as‐prepared samples has also been investigated with respect to their crystallinity.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
1,1′‐Disubstituted Ferrocenes with Aluminum: Dinuclear and Trinuclear Dialumina[1.1]ferrocenophanes as Pyridine Adducts
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Klimkina Elena V. , Milius Wolfgang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFerrocenes bearing dialkylaluminum substituents in the 1,1′‐positions were characterized as their dipyridine adducts, and it was shown that they can be transformed into dinuclear alkylaluminum‐bridged [1.1]ferrocenophanes and finally into the trinuclear aluminum‐bridged ferrocenophane, both as dipyridine adducts. The synthesis of the latter compound was optimized and found to be most efficient (>40 % yield) through the reaction of 1,1′‐dilithioferrocene with MeAlCl2. The molecular structures of the dinuclear and trinuclear complexes were determined by X‐ray crystallography. The solution‐state structures of the new compounds were studied by multinuclear magnetic resonance methods, including 1H–1H NOE difference experiments.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)