bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Anglican Covenant and the ‘Puritan’ Temptation
Authors: Sedgwick Timothy F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAs ecumenical understanding of the formation and development ofepiskopéhas emphasized, there are different ways of structuringepiskopécollegially, synodically and personally, each with its own theological basis, strength and weakness. This article argues that the proposed Anglican Covenant assumes a normative understanding of the nature and role of the bishop which carries the danger of a kind of ‘puritanism’ in which the focus and energy of the churches in the Anglican Communion are narrowly focused, creating a bureaucratic form of governance that vitiates the mission of the church.
A Draft Sequence of the Puerto Rican Parrot Genome (Amazona vittata) – a Genome Project funded by a Local Community Effort
Authors: Oleksyk Taras 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe genome of the Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata) has been sequenced and assembled in an international collaboration supported by many individual donations from the people of Puerto Rico. This is a critically endangered endemic bird, the only surviving native parrot species in the territory of the United States, and the first parrot belonging to the large genus Amazona to have its genome sequenced and assembled. A genome of one A. vittata female was sequenced resulting in a total of almost 42.5 billion nucleotide bases equivalent to 26.89X average coverage depth. After filtering out the short fragments (<500bp), the assembly resulted in 259,423 short fragment library contigs, half of them (N50) of at least 6,983 bp in length, with a longest contig at 75,003, and 148,255 long fragment library of scaffolds with N50=19,470 with the longest at 206,462 bp length. Further sequencing is needed to generate enough coverage of the genome and close the assembly gaps. To our knowledge, this is the first genome project to be initiated and supported by local community fundraising efforts, and represents a model for the future of de novo genome projects for conservation genetics of nonhuman species.
A 3,000-Loci Transcription Map of Chromosome 3B Unravels the Structural and Functional Features of Gene Islands in Hexaploid Wheat
Authors: Rustenholz Camille , Choulet Frédéric , Laugier Christel , Šafář Jan , Šimková Hana , Doležel Jaroslav , Magni Federica , Scalabrin Simone , Cattonaro Federica , Vautrin Sonia , Bellec Arnaud , Bergès Hélène , Feuillet Catherine , Paux Etienne 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
To improve our understanding of the organization and regulation of the wheat (Triticum aestivum) gene space, we established a transcription map of a wheat chromosome (3B) by hybridizing a newly developed wheat expression microarray with bacterial artificial chromosome pools from a new version of the 3B physical map as well as with cDNA probes derived from 15 RNA samples. Mapping data for almost 3,000 genes showed that the gene space spans the whole chromosome 3B with a 2-fold increase of gene density toward the telomeres due to an increase in the number of genes in islands. Comparative analyses with rice (Oryza sativa) and Brachypodium distachyon revealed that these gene islands are composed mainly of genes likely originating from interchromosomal gene duplications. Gene Ontology and expression profile analyses for the 3,000 genes located along the chromosome revealed that the gene islands are enriched significantly in genes sharing the same function or expression profile, thereby suggesting that genes in islands acquired shared regulation during evolution. Only a small fraction of these clusters of cofunctional and coexpressed genes was conserved with rice and B. distachyon, indicating a recent origin. Finally, genes with the same expression profiles in remote islands (coregulation islands) were identified suggesting long-distance regulation of gene expression along the chromosomes in wheat.
The effects of sorafenib on the portal hypertensive syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma – a pilot study
Authors: Pinter M. , Sieghart W. , Reiberger T. , Rohr‐Udilova N. , Ferlitsch A. , Peck‐Radosavljevic M. 
Published: October 2011

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 83–91SummaryBackground  Increased intrahepatic vascular resistance and hyperperfusion in the splanchnic circulation are the principal mechanisms leading to portal hypertension in cirrhosis. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect of the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib on the portal hypertensive syndrome.Aim  To investigate the effect of sorafenib on hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), systemic hemodynamics and intrahepatic mRNA expression of proangiogenic, profibrogenic and proinflammatory genes.Methods  Patients with liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with sorafenib 400 mg b.d. HVPG measurement and transjugular liver biopsy were performed at baseline and at week 2. Changes in HVPG and intrahepatic mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), RhoA, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and placental growth factor (PlGF) were evaluated.Results  Thirteen patients (m/f = 12/1; Child–Pugh class A/B = 10/3) were included. The most common aetiology of liver disease was alcohol consumption (n = 7). Eleven patients had an elevated portal pressure, including eight patients with clinically significant portal hypertension. A significant decrease of HVPG (≥ 20% from baseline) was observed in four subjects. In HVPG responders, we observed mRNA downregulation of VEGF, PDGF, PlGF, RhoA kinase and TNF‐α, while no substantial mRNA decrease was found in nonresponders in any of the five genes. In two of the four HVPG responders we observed a dramatic (43–85%) mRNA decrease of all five investigated genes.Conclusion  Larger controlled clinical trials are needed to demonstrate any potential beneficial effect of sorafenib on portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis.
Relation of high cytomegalovirus antibody titres to blood pressure and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in young men: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Authors: Haarala A , Kähönen M , Lehtimäki T , Aittoniemi J , Jylhävä J , Hutri-Kähönen N , Taittonen L , Laitinen T , Juonala M , Viikari J , Raitakari O T , Hurme M 
Published: October 2011

Summary
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in immunocompromised organ transplant patients. It has been linked with the pathogenesis of elevated arterial blood pressure. However, controversy exists as to whether CMV infection is associated with endothelial function, and little is known about its role as a potential risk factor for early atherosclerosis development at a young age. We aimed to discover if CMV antibody titres are associated with early vascular changes (carotid intima-media thickness, carotid artery distensibility and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation), blood pressure elevation or other traditional cardiovascular risk factors. CMV antibody titres were measured in 1074 women and 857 men (aged 24–39 years) taking part in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. CMV antibody titres were significantly higher in women compared to men. In men, high CMV antibody titres were associated directly with age (P &lt; 0·001) and systolic (P = 0·053) and diastolic (P = 0·002) blood pressure elevation, and associated inversely with flow-mediated dilation (P = 0·014). In women, CMV antibody titres did not associate with any of the analysed parameters. In a multivariate regression model, which included traditional atherosclerotic risk factors, CMV antibody titres were independent determinants for systolic (P = 0·029) and diastolic (P = 0·004) blood pressure elevation and flow-mediated dilation (P = 0·014) in men. High CMV antibody titres are associated independently with blood pressure and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in young men. This association supports the hypothesis that common CMV infection and/or an immune response to CMV may lead to impaired vascular function at a young age.
Flow cytometric measurement of cellular FLICE‐inhibitory protein (c‐FLIP) in ovarian carcinoma effusions
Authors: Dong H. P. , Ree Rosnes A. K. , Bock A. J. , Holth A. , Flørenes V. A. , Trope’ C. G. , Risberg B. , Davidson B. 
Published: October 2011

H. P. Dong, A. K. Ree Rosnes, A. J. Bock, A. Holth, V. A. Flørenes, C. G. Trope’, B. Risberg and B. DavidsonFlow cytometric measurement of cellular FLICE‐inhibitory protein (c‐FLIP) in ovarian carcinoma effusionsObjective:  The objective of this study was to establish a flow cytometry assay for measuring c‐FLIP in serous effusions. In addition, we studied the clinical relevance in ovarian carcinoma effusions of this inhibitor protein in the death receptor signalling pathway of apoptosis.Methods:  Two c‐FLIP antibodies were tested using Western blotting and the best performing one was used for titration of c‐FLIP expression in a panel of five cell lines, consisting of ovarian carcinoma, breast carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma. The concentration that provided the best signal‐to‐noise ratio was used for comparison of the performance of three fixation and permeabilization protocols. The best performing protocol was chosen for analysis of 69 ovarian carcinoma effusions. c‐FLIP expression was analysed for association with clinicopathological parameters and survival.Results:  Rabbit polyclonal c‐FLIP by Abcam and the IntraStain kit by Dako performed best. c‐FLIP expression was detected in tumour cells in all 69 effusions (expression range 21–100%, median = 80%). No association was found between c‐FLIP expression and clinicopathological parameters, including chemoresponse and survival. However, an inverse correlation was found between c‐FLIP levels and expression of the previously studied apoptosis marker cleaved caspase‐3 (P = 0.029).Conclusions:  An assay for measuring c‐FLIP in cytology specimens is presented. c‐FLIP is frequently expressed in ovarian carcinoma effusions, but its expression appears to be unrelated to disease aggressiveness.
IL28B and interferon‐gamma inducible protein 10 for prediction of rapid virologic response and sustained virologic response in HIV‐HCV‐coinfected patients
Authors: Payer Berit A. , Reiberger Thomas , Aberle Judith , Ferenci Peter , Holzmann Heidemarie , Rieger Armin , Peck‐Radosavljevic Markus ,   for the Vienna HIV‐HCV study group
Published: October 2011

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (6): 599–606AbstractBackground  A polymorphism near the IL28B gene has been shown to be associated with virologic response to antiviral treatment in HCV‐infected patients. The predictive value of interferon‐gamma inducible protein 10 (IP10) on treatment outcome has been described in HCV patients. Data on combining these predictors in HIV‐HCV‐coinfected patients are not available.Methods  Virologic parameters, IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and pretreatment serum IP10 were determined in HIV‐HCV‐coinfected patients having completed antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon/ribavirin.Results  A total of 72 HIV‐HCV‐coinfected patients were included in the study; 68% had HCV genotype (GT)‐1/4 and 32% had HCV GT‐2/3 infections. Rapid virologic response (63% vs. 28%; P = 0·023) and sustained virologic response (SVR: 81% vs. 51%; P = 0·008) rates were significantly higher in C/C vs. non‐C/C patients. Patients with low pretreatment IP10 levels (< 400 pg/mL) achieved significantly higher SVR rates than patients with high (> 400 pg/mL) IP10 levels (78% vs. 13%; P < 0·0001). C/C SNP and low IP10 levels were associated with higher SVR rates in both patients with GT‐1/4 and GT‐2/3. The C/C patients with low IP10 achieved SVR rates of 97% compared with SVR rates of 9% in non‐C/C patients with high IP10.Conclusion  The IL28B SNP influences rapid viral response, relapse rates and SVR. The combination of IL28B and IP10 represents a predictive model of SVR in HIV‐HCV coinfection.
The effect of autoclaving on torsional moment of two nickel–titanium endodontic files
Authors: King J. B. , Roberts H. W. , Bergeron B. E. , Mayerchak M. J. 
Published: October 2011

King JB, Roberts HW, Bergeron BE, Mayerchak MJ. The effect of autoclaving on torsional moment of two nickel–titanium endodontic files. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 156–161, 2012.AbstractAim  To evaluate the effects of repeated autoclaving on torsional strength of two nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic files: Twisted Files (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) and GT Series X files (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK, USA).Methodology  Four groups of 20 GT Series X (size 20, .06 taper) and four groups of 20 Twisted Files (size 25, .06 taper) were subjected to 0, 1, 3 or 7 autoclave cycles. The nonautoclaved files served as controls. Failure in torsion was recorded using a torsiometer according to ANSI/ADA 58 and ISO 3630‐1 standards. Mean results were analysed using analysis of variance (anova) at a 95% confidence level. Dunnett’s procedure was used for post hoc analysis.Results  There was no significant difference in torsional moment between the number of autoclave cycles for Twisted Files. However, the mean torque at failure was significantly lower for GT Series X files after three (P < 0.001) and seven (P < 0.001) autoclave cycles. For Twisted Files, there was a significant increase (P < 0.001) in mean number of degrees of rotation to failure with more autoclave cycles compared to nonautoclaved files. For GT Series X files, there was no significant association (P = 0.527) between the number of autoclave cycles and the degrees of rotation to failure.Conclusions  Repeat autoclaving of unused GT Series X files between three and seven times resulted in a significant reduction in torsional strength, whilst there was no effect observed for Twisted Files.
Comparative analysis of mycobacterial NADH pyrophosphatase isoforms reveals a novel mechanism for isoniazid and ethionamide inactivation
Authors: Wang Xu‐De , Gu Jing , Wang Ting , Bi Li‐Jun , Zhang Zhi‐Ping , Cui Zong‐Qiang , Wei Hong‐Ping , Deng Jiao‐Yu , Zhang Xian‐En 
Published: October 2011

SummaryNADH pyrophosphatase (NudC) catalyses the hydrolysis of NAD(H) to AMP and NMN(H) [nicotinamide mononucleotide (reduced form)]. NudC multiple sequence alignment reveals that homologues from most Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, but not other mycobacterial species, have a polymorphism at the highly conserved residue 237. To elucidate the functional significance of this polymorphism, comparative analyses were performed using representative NudC isoforms from M. tuberculosis H37Rv (NudCRv) and M. bovis BCG (NudCBCG). Biochemical analysis showed that the P237Q polymorphism prevents dimer formation, and results in a loss of enzymatic activity. Importantly, NudCBCG was found to degrade the active forms of isoniazid (INH), INH‐NAD and ethionamide (ETH), ETH‐NAD. Consequently, overexpression of NudCBCG in Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 and M. bovis BCG resulted in a high level of resistance to both INH and ETH. Further genetic studies showed that deletion of the nudC gene in M. smegmatis mc2155 and M. bovis BCG resulted in increased susceptibility to INH and ETH. Moreover, inactivation of NudC in both strains caused a defect in drug tolerance phenotype for both drugs in exposure assays. Taken together, these data suggest that mycobacterial NudC plays an important role in the inactivation of INH and ETH.
Two pathways for RNase E action in Escherichia coli in vivo and bypass of its essentiality in mutants defective for Rho‐dependent transcription termination
Authors: Anupama K. , Leela J. Krishna , Gowrishankar J. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe endonuclease RNase E of Escherichia coli is essential for viability, but deletion of its C‐terminal half (CTH) is not lethal. RNase E preferentially acts on 5′‐monophosphorylated RNA whose generation from primary transcripts is catalysed by RppH, but ΔRppH strains are viable. Here we show that the RNase E‐ΔCTH ΔRppH combination is lethal, and that the lethality is suppressed by rho or nusG mutations impairing Rho‐dependent transcription termination. Lethality was correlated with defects in bulk mRNA decay and tRNA processing, which were reversed by the rho suppressor. Lethality suppression was dependent on RNase H1 or the helicase UvsW of phage T4, both of which act to remove RNA–DNA hybrids (R‐loops). The rho and nusG mutations also rescued inviability of a double alteration R169Q (that abolishes 5′‐sensing) with ΔCTH in RNase E, as also that of conditional RNase E deficiency. We suggest that the ΔCTH alteration leads to loss of a second 5′‐end‐independent pathway of RNase E action. We further propose that an increased abundance of R‐loops in the rho and nusG mutants, although ordinarily inimical to growth, contributes to rescue the lethality associated with loss of the two RNase E cleavage pathways by providing an alternative means of RNA degradation.
Low‐grade gliomas as neurodevelopmental disorders: insights from mouse models of neurofibromatosis‐1
Authors: Thangarajh M. , Gutmann D. H. 
Published: October 2011

M. Thangarajh and D. H. Gutmann (2012) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology38, 241–253Low‐grade gliomas as neurodevelopmental disorders: insights from mouse models of neurofibromatosis‐1Over the past few years, the traditional view of brain tumorigenesis has been revolutionized by advances in genomic medicine, molecular biology, stem cell biology and genetically engineered small‐animal modelling. We now appreciate that paediatric brain tumours arise following specific genetic mutations in specialized groups of progenitor cells in concert with permissive changes in the local tumour microenvironment. This interplay between preneoplastic/neoplastic cells and non‐neoplastic stromal cells is nicely illustrated by the neurofibromatosis type 1‐inherited cancer syndrome, in which affected children develop low‐grade astrocytic gliomas. In this review, we will use neurofibromatosis type 1 as a model system to highlight the critical role of growth control pathways, non‐neoplastic cellular elements and brain region‐specific properties in the development of childhood gliomas. The insights derived from examining each of these contributing factors will be instructive in the design of new therapies for gliomas in the paediatric population.
Motivation and experiences of self‐testers regarding tests for cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Ickenroth Martine H. P. , Grispen Janaica E. J. , Ronda Gaby , Tacken Marloes , Dinant Geert‐Jan , de Vries Nanne K. , van der Weijden Trudy 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground  In recent years, self‐tests have become increasingly available to the general public, though their value is still being debated. Because these tests are available, consumers should have access to clear information about self‐testing. Examining experiences of self‐testers could contribute to the development of consumer information.Objective  Detailed exploration of consumers’ experiences with self‐testing for cardiovascular risk factors.Methods  Semi‐structured interviews with 20 consumers who had performed a self‐test for glucose, cholesterol or albuminuria. The main topics of the interviews were reasons for self‐testing, performing the self‐test, follow‐up behaviour and perceived need for information on self‐testing. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis.Results  Regarding the reason for self‐testing, three types of users were distinguished: those who engaged in self‐testing when a test was offered, either with or without previous knowledge about the disease or risk factor, and those who had actively decided to test and had searched for a self‐test themselves. Self‐testers had generally experienced no problems performing the test or interpreting the result and had considerable confidence in the result. They were easily reassured by a normal result, while an abnormal result did not automatically mean they consulted a doctor. Most participants did not feel the need for more information.Conclusions  Self‐testers often perform tests for reassurance, without considering the disadvantages, such as the absence of professional counselling and the risk of false‐positive or false‐negative results. Consumer information should promote more informed and deliberate choices for self‐testing.
To accept, or not to accept, that is the question: citizen reactions to rationing
Authors: Broqvist Mari , Garpenby Peter 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground  The publicly financed health service in Sweden has come under increasing pressure, forcing policy makers to consider restrictions.Objective  To describe different perceptions of rationing, in particular, what citizens themselves believe influences their acceptance of having to stand aside for others in a public health service.Design  Qualitative interviews, analysed by phenomenography, describing perceptions by different categories.Setting and participants  Purposeful sample of 14 Swedish citizens, based on demographic criteria and attitudes towards allocation in health care.Results  Participants expressed high awareness of limitations in public resources and the necessity of rationing. Acceptance of rationing could increase or decrease, depending on one’s (i) awareness that healthcare resources are limited, (ii) endorsement of universal health care, (iii) knowledge and acceptance of the principles guiding rationing and (iv) knowledge about alternatives to public health services.Conclusions  This study suggests that decision makers should be more explicit in describing the dilemma of resource limitations in a publicly funded healthcare system. Openness enables citizens to gain the insight to make informed decisions, i.e. to use public services or to ‘opt out’ of the public sector solution if they consider rationing decisions unacceptable.
Doubling the referral rate of monogenic diabetes through a nationwide information campaign – update on glucokinase gene mutations in a Polish cohort
Authors: Borowiec M , Fendler W , Antosik K , Baranowska A , Gnys P , Zmyslowska A , Malecki M , Mlynarski W 
Published: October 2011

Borowiec M, Fendler W, Antosik K, Baranowska A, Gnys P, Zmyslowska A, Malecki M, Mlynarski W. Doubling the referral rate of monogenic diabetes through a nationwide information campaign – update on glucokinase gene mutations in a Polish cohort.In order to improve recruitment efficiency of patients with monogenic diabetes in Poland, in September 2010 a nationwide advertising campaign was launched to inform multiple target groups interested or participating in pediatric diabetologic care. Promotional actions aimed at informing physicians, patients, parents and educators were carried out through nationwide newspapers, medical and patient‐developed websites and educational conference presentations. Recruitment efficiency was compared between September 2010 (publication of the first report on project's results) and the following 12 months. The number of families and patients referred to genetic screening was increased by 92% and 96% respectively nearly reaching the numbers recruited throughout the initial 4 years of the project. Participation of non‐academic centers was also significantly increased from 2.3% to 7.5% (p = 0.0005). DNA sequencing and Multiplex Ligation‐dependant Probe Amplification of the glucokinase gene resulted in finding 50 different mutations. Among those mutations, 19 were novel variants, which included: 17 missense mutations (predicted to be pathogenic according to bioinformatic analysis), 1 nonsense mutation and 1 mutation affecting a consensus intronic splice site. Advertising actions directed at increasing recruitment efficiency are a powerful and possibly neglected tool in screening for rare genetic disorders with a clinically defined phenotype.