bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Detection of Simulated Retinoblastoma by Using Red-Reflex Testing
Authors: Li Jennifer , Coats David K. , Fung Derrick , Smith E. O'Brian , Paysse Evelyn 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the ability to detect simulated retinoblastoma by using the red-reflex test.

METHODS:
Discs that simulated retinoblastoma lesions were affixed to the retina of model eyes with an 8- or 3-mm pupil. The diameter, height, and location of the discs varied. Five examiners evaluated the red reflex with direct ophthalmoscopy by using straight-on and oblique viewing. The generalized estimating equation was used to assess the effects of pupil dilation and observer viewing orientation on tumor detection.

RESULTS:
Significant 3-way interactions between pupil dilation, observer orientation, and tumor diameter (P &lt; .004) or height (P &lt; .02) were detected; these relationships depended on tumor diameter and height. A similar 3-way interaction was found between pupil dilation, observer orientation, and tumor location in degrees from the fovea (P &lt; .001). Oblique viewing and pupillary dilation improved the tumor-detection rate. With straight-on viewing, the degree of detection was &lt;48% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 39%–57%) for even the largest lesions, compared with 96% (95% CI: 93%–98%) for oblique viewing. For peripheral lesions, the percentage detection for straight-on viewing was 35% (95% CI: 21%–50%) for 30° from the fovea and 16% (95% CI: 2%–31%) for 60° from the fovea; these detection rates significantly improved with oblique viewing to 70% or higher (P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Detection of simulated retinoblastoma was better when lesions were large and when oblique viewing and dilation were used. Peripheral location was negatively associated with detection. Red-reflex testing to detect leukocoria may be improved with oblique viewing and pharmacologic dilation.
New Insights in Collagen Turnover in Orofacial Cleft Patients
Authors: Gagliano Nicoletta , Carinci Francesco , Moscheni Claudia , Torri Carlo , Pezzetti Furio , Scapoli Luca , Martinelli Marcella , Gioia Magda , Stabellini Giordano 
Published: June 2010

Objective We aimed to characterize the fibroblast phenotype of patients by analyzing gene and protein expression of cleft lip and/or cleft palate fibroblasts in relation to collagen turnover and extracellular matrix remodeling. Patients Human palatal fibroblasts were obtained from three healthy subjects without cleft lip and/or cleft palate and from three subjects with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Collagen turnover–related gene and protein expression were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western and dot blots, and sodium dodecyl sulfate zymography. Results Cleft lip and/or cleft palate fibroblasts, compared with controls, displayed a down-regulation of collagens type I and III messenger RNA ( p < .0001 and p < .001, respectively) but an opposite tendency to increase protein levels. Cleft lip and/or cleft palate cells had higher lysyl hydroxylase-2b messenger RNA levels expressed in relation to collagen type I messenger RNA, down-regulated matrix metalloproteinase-1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, and Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine messenger RNA ( p < .0001 and p < .01, respectively). Pro–matrix metalloproteinase-1 tended to decrease, and pro–matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 were down-regulated ( p < .01, p < .05, respectively), as was Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine protein expression ( p < .05). Conclusions Our results suggest that the cleft lip and/or cleft palate fibroblast phenotype is characterized by a tendency toward interstitial collagen deposition due to posttranslational modifications, such as decreased collagen degradation by matrix metalloproteinases and increased collagen cross-links. These findings may contribute to the knowledge of the cleft lip and/or cleft palate fibroblast phenotype and may be useful to the surgeon when considering the potential wound contraction and subsequent undesired scarring in cleft lip and/or cleft palate ocurring after the surgical closure of a cleft palate.
Comparison of At-home and In-office Tooth Whitening Using a Novel Shade Guide
Authors: da Costa J. B. , McPharlin R. , Paravina R. D. , Ferracane J. L. 
Published: June 2010

Clinical RelevanceFive days of at-home whitening with 10% carbamide peroxide (eight hours/day) produces a similar tooth whitening result as one in-office treatment with 25% hydrogen peroxide (one hour).
Postpartum endoanal ultrasound findings in primiparous women after vaginal delivery
Authors: Sudoł-Szopinńska Iwona , Radkiewicz Justyna , Szopiński Tomasz , Panorska Anna K. , Jakubowski Wiesław , Kawka Jarosław 
Published: June 2010

Background: Natural childbirth is regarded as the most frequent cause of anal sphincter defects. The majority of obstetric injuries are detectable only by anal endosonography (AES), in from 6.8% to 35% of women after vaginal delivery. Purpose: To evaluate prospectively anal sphincters in primiparous women in the first days after delivery to estimate the prevalence of anal sphincter defects and to correlate selected risk factors with the recognized injuries. Material and Methods: A total of 112 consecutive primiparous women aged 19–40 years (mean 29.3 years) underwent three-dimensional (3D) AES with the use of a BK Medical scanner Profocus 2202 in the first weeks after delivery. Results: Twelve tears (10.7%) in the perineum, including three extending to anal sphincters (2.6%) were found on AES. As many as 86 (76.8%) women had medio-lateral episiotomies due to the practice pattern in our hospital or as a consequence of obstetric factors. The statistical analysis did not prove a significant association between diagnosed injuries and episiotomy ( P=0.73), nor a traumatic effect of epidural anesthesia, fetus head circumference ≥34 cm, or birth weight ≥3525 g. Conclusion: Anal sphincter tears following childbirth were found in only 2.6% of primiparous women, suggesting that vaginal delivery might not imply high risk of pelvic floor damage as has previously been assumed. The results do not confirm that medio-lateral episiotomy is conducive to obstetric anal sphincter defects.
Basal bark herbicide treatment of Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) is effective regardless of application timing, with limited nontarget effects on native plant diversity
Authors: Hogan Katharine F. E. , Baker Kaleb , Bach Elizabeth M. , Barber Nicholas A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Managers tasked with controlling invasive species require effective methods that are quick and easy to use without inflicting extensive nontarget damage, while also being compatible with other scheduled management responsibilities. Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) is a non‐native shrub that has invaded eastern and midwestern North American deciduous forests, altering ecosystem function and reducing biodiversity.

This study explores prescribed fire and seasonal basal applications of triclopyr ester as control methods and examines the extent of nontarget damage. We used paired‐split plots to implement basal bark treatments in different seasons within burned and unburned units, and we tracked individual L. maackii to determine mortality and hyperlocal impacts of management.

Basal bark treatments killed 98.4% of L. maackii across seasonal timings. Nontarget plant cover declined similarly for all herbicide application seasons, but there were some signs of recovery within 4 years, and the early‐ and late spring treatments were less affected overall. Species richness showed biologically small but statistically different declines across treatment times. Prescribed fire did not impact L. maackii mortality or interact with herbicide efficacy.

Basal bark applications of triclopyr are an effective means of L. maackii control regardless of application timing, which allows managers to implement it at their convenience to avoid interfering with other management tasks that have time constraints.
Structural Evolution of Liquid Metals and Alloys
Authors: Krishnamurthi Vaishnavi , Vaillant Pierre H. A. , Mata Jitendra , Nguyen Chung Kim , Parker Caiden J. , Zuraiqi Karma , Bryant Gary , Chiang Ken , Russo Salvy P. , Christofferson Andrew J. , Elbourne Aaron , Daeneke Torben 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLow‐melting liquid metals are emerging as a new group of highly functional solvents due to their capability to dissolve and alloy various metals in their elemental state to form solutions as well as colloidal systems. Furthermore, these liquid metals can facilitate and catalyze multiple unique chemical reactions. Despite the intriguing science behind liquid metals and alloys, very little is known about their fundamental structures in the nanometric regime. To bridge this gap, this work employs small angle neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulations, revealing that the most commonly used liquid metal solvents, EGaIn and Galinstan, are surprisingly structured with the formation of clusters ranging from 157 to 15.7 Å. Conversely, noneutectic liquid metal alloys of GaSn or GaIn at low solute concentrations of 1, 2, and 5 wt%, as well as pure Ga, do not exhibit these structures. Importantly, the eutectic alloys retain their structure even at elevated temperatures of 60 and 90 °C, highlighting that they are not just simple homogeneous fluids consisting of individual atoms. Understanding the complex soft structure of liquid alloys will assist in comprehending complex phenomena occurring within these fluids and contribute to deriving reaction mechanisms in the realm of synthesis and liquid metal‐based catalysis.
Scalable Precise Nanofilm Coating and Gradient Al Doping Enable Stable Battery Cycling of LiCoO2 at 4.7 V
Authors: Yao Jia , Li Yuyu , Xiong Tiantian , Fan Yameng , Zhao Lingfei , Cheng Xiangxin , Tian Yunan , Li Lele , Li Yan , Zhang Wen , Yu Peng , Guo Pingmei , Yang Zehui , Peng Jian , Xue Lixing , Wang Jiazhao , Li Zhaohuai , Xie Ming , Liu Huakun , Dou Shixue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe quest for smart electronics with higher energy densities has intensified the development of high‐voltage LiCoO2 (LCO). Despite their potential, LCO materials operating at 4.7 V faces critical challenges, including interface degradation and structural collapse. Herein, we propose a collective surface architecture through precise nanofilm coating and doping that combines an ultra‐thin LiAlO2 coating layer and gradient doping of Al. This architecture not only mitigates side reactions, but also improves the Li+ migration kinetics on the LCO surface. Meanwhile, gradient doping of Al inhibited the severe lattice distortion caused by the irreversible phase transition of O3−H1−3−O1, thereby enhanced the electrochemical stability of LCO during 4.7 V cycling. DFT calculations further revealed that our approach significantly boosts the electronic conductivity. As a result, the modified LCO exhibited an outstanding reversible capacity of 230 mAh g−1 at 4.7 V, which is approximately 28 % higher than the conventional capacity at 4.5 V. To demonstrate their practical application, our cathode structure shows improved stability in full pouch cell configuration under high operating voltage. LCO exhibited an excellent cycling stability, retaining 82.33 % after 1000 cycles at 4.5 V. This multifunctional surface modification strategy offers a viable pathway for the practical application of LCO materials, setting a new standard for the development of high‐energy‐density and long‐lasting electrode materials.
Protonation of an Imine‐linked Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient H2O2 Photosynthesis under Visible Light up to 700 nm
Authors: Zhu Qiong , Shi Li , Li Zhuo , Li Guisheng , Xu Xiaoxiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising photocatalysts for H2O2 production from water via oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The design of COFs for efficient H2O2 production indubitably hinges on an in‐depth understanding of their ORR mechanisms. In this work, taking an imine‐linked COF as an example, we demonstrate that protonation of the functional units such as imine, amine, and triazine, is a highly efficient strategy to upgrade the activity levels for H2O2 synthesis. The protonation not only extends the light absorption of the COF but also provides proton sources that directly participate in H2O2 generation. Notably, the protonation simplifies the reaction pathways of ORR to H2O2, i.e. from an indirect superoxide radical (
) mediated route to a direct one‐step two‐electron route. Theoretical calculations confirm that the protonation favors H2O2 synthesis due to easy access of protons near the reaction sites that removes the energy barrier for generating *OOH intermediate. These findings not only extend the mechanistic insight into H2O2 photosynthesis but also provide a rational guideline for the design and upgradation of efficient COFs.
Medicinal attributes of thienopyrimidine scaffolds incorporating the aryl urea motif as potential anticancer candidates via VEGFR inhibition
Authors: Farag Myrna A. , Kandeel Manal M. , Kassab Asmaa E. , Faggal Samar I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWorldwide, cancer is a major public health concern. It is a well‐acknowledged life‐threatening disease. Despite numerous advances in the understanding of the genetic basis of cancer growth and progression, therapeutic challenges remain high. Human tumors exhibited mutation or overexpression of several tyrosine kinases (TK). The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) is a TK family member and is well known for tumor growth and progression. Therefore, VEGF/VEGFR pathway inhibition is an appealing approach for cancer drug discovery. This review will discuss the structure‐based optimization of thienopyrimidines incorporating the aryl urea moiety to develop scaffolds of potent anticancer activity via VEGFR inhibition published between 2013 and 2023. Increasing knowledge of probable scaffolds that can act as VEGFR inhibitors might spur the hunt for novel anticancer medications that are safer, more effective, or both.
Results of the multicenter early feasibility study (EFS) of the Renata Minima stent as treatment for branch pulmonary artery stenosis and coarctation of aorta in infants
Authors: Berman Darren P. , Morray Brian , Sullivan Patrick , Shahanavaz Shabana , Zahn Evan M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundStent implantation has become standard of care in older children and adults for treatment of branch pulmonary artery stenosis (BPAS) and coarctation aorta (CoAo). There are no stents approved or available for infants that have the potential to be dilated to adult diameters. The Minima stent was designed to fulfill this unmet need.MethodsMulticenter, prospective, nonrandomized early feasibility study evaluating safety and effectiveness of the Minima stent for treatment of BPAS and CoAo. Primary endpoints included: (1) successful deployment across lesion, (2) stenosis relief defined by an increase in angiographic diameter of >50% and (3) freedom from stent explant, embolization or migration at 30 days and 6 months.ResultsBetween 2/2022 and 5/2022, 10 pts underwent Minima stent implantation with a median age and weight of 9 months (4–43 months) and 7.6 kg (5.1−16.9 kg). Procedural success and predefined stenosis relief was achieved in all cases (CoAo [n = 4], BPAS [n = 6]). Adverse events occurred in 3 pts: transient diminished lower extremity pulse (n = 2), distal stent on‐balloon displacement successfully managed in the catheterization suite (n = 1). There were no deaths or major adverse events. All patients were free from stent explant and migration at 30 days and 6 months with no evidence for significant restenosis at latest follow‐up.ConclusionsImplantation of the Renata Minima stent was safe and effective for the treatment of BPAS and CoAo in this small cohort of infants and young children during early follow‐up. Based on these early results, an expanded study with longer follow‐up is warranted.
Phosphodiesterase 5A regulates the vomeronasal pump in mice
Authors: Lippner Dennean S. , Xu Jiang , Ma Siqi , Reisert Johannes , Zhao Haiqing 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a specialized chemoreceptive structure in many vertebrates that detects chemical stimuli, mostly pheromones, which often elicit innate behaviors such as mating and aggression. Previous studies in rodents have demonstrated that chemical stimuli are actively transported to the VNO via a blood vessel‐based pumping mechanism, and this pumping mechanism is necessary for vomeronasal stimulation in behaving animals. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the vomeronasal pump remain mostly unknown. In this study, we observed a high level of expression of phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A) in the vomeronasal blood vessel of mice. We provided evidence to support the potential role of PDE5A in vomeronasal pump regulation. Local application of PDE5A inhibitors—sildenafil or tadalafil—to the vomeronasal organ (VNO) reduced stimulus delivery into the VNO, decreased the pheromone‐induced activity of vomeronasal sensory neurons, and attenuated male–male aggressive behaviors. PDE5A is well known to play a role in regulating blood vessel tone in several organs. Our study advances our understanding of the molecular regulation of the vomeronasal pump.
Harnessing enviromics to predict climate‐impacted high‐profile traits to assist informed decisions in agriculture
Authors: Zhang Bosen , Hauvermale Amber L. , Zhang Zhiwu , Thompson Alison , Neely Clark , Esser Aaron , Pumphrey Michael , Garland‐Campbell Kimberly , Yu Jianming , Steber Camille , Li Xianran 
Published: May 2024

AbstractModern agriculture is a complex system that demands real‐time and large‐scale quantification of trait values for evidence‐based decisions. However, high‐profile traits determining market values often lack high‐throughput phenotyping technologies to achieve this objective; therefore, risks of undermining crop values through arbitrary decisions are high. Because environmental conditions are major contributors to performance fluctuation, with the contemporary informatics infrastructures, we proposed enviromic prediction as a potential strategy to assess traits for informed decisions. We demonstrated this concept with wheat falling number (FN), a critical end‐use quality trait that significantly impacts wheat market values but is measured using a low‐throughput technology. Using 8 years of FN records from elite variety testing trials, we developed a predictive model capturing the general trend of FN based on biologically meaningful environmental conditions. An explicit environmental index that was highly correlated (r = 0.646) with the FN trend observed from variety testing trials was identified. An independent validation experiment verified the biological relevance of this index. An enviromic prediction model based on this index achieved accurate and on‐target predictions for the FN trend in new growing seasons. Two applications designed for production fields illustrated how such enviromic prediction models could assist informed decision along the food supply chain. We envision that enviromic prediction would have a vital role in sustaining food security amidst rapidly changing climate. As conducting variety testing trials is a standard component in modern agricultural industry, the strategy of leveraging historical trial data is widely applicable for other high‐profile traits in various crops.
Taxonomy of performance shaping factors in manufacturing: A systematic literature review
Authors: Jha Prameet Ranjan , Di Pasquale Valentina , Saleem Jason J. , Wang Xiaomei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHuman error in manufacturing can have substantial consequences, including loss of life, injuries, productivity, and financial losses. Human reliability analysis (HRA) methods can be used to evaluate the likelihood of human error in manufacturing tasks and identify potential sources of error. Performance shaping factors (PSFs) are internal and external factors that influence human performance and can affect the likelihood of human reliability estimates in HRA methods. Understanding the impact of PSFs on human performance in manufacturing is essential for developing effective strategies to minimize the likelihood of human error and improve the safety and efficiency of manufacturing processes. This systematic review scrutinizes the literature on PSFs within manufacturing, highlighting HRA applications. Using the PRISMA protocol, studies from 2000 to 2024 across engineering and psychology were examined, culminating in the analysis of 35 pertinent works. The review identifies and contrasts various PSF taxonomies from established HRA methods like SPAR‐H, HEART, CREAM, and THERP, revealing their diverse applications in different manufacturing settings. The review also uncovers a tendency to devise taxonomies through the lens of experts' domain knowledge, particularly tailored to discrete manufacturing contexts. A critical gap is observed in the lack of a uniform PSF framework, with the current literature reflecting a disparate understanding of PSFs' roles, definitions, and interrelations. This absence is further pronounced by the inadequate integration of human factors in the dialogue surrounding Industry 4.0. The analysis points to the necessity of harmonizing PSFs to better assess human reliability amid technological integration. The findings emphasize the need for an industry‐specific PSF framework that aligns with the intricacies of manufacturing operations, thus enabling more accurate HRA outcomes and informing strategies for error reduction and process optimization.
Socioeconomic determinants of the double burden of malnutrition among women of reproductive age in sub‐Saharan Africa: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Okyere Joshua , Budu Eugene , Aboagye Richard Gyan , Seidu Abdul‐Aziz , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Yaya Sanni 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThe positioning of eliminating all forms of malnutrition within the spirit of the Sustainable Development Goals and the adoption of the United Nations resolution for a Decade of Action on Nutrition are a testament to strong global commitment to combat the double burden of malnutrition (DBM). Yet, there is a knowledge gap in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) regarding the influence of socioeconomic status on DBM. We investigated the associative effect of socioeconomic status on DBM in SSA.MethodsData for the study were extracted from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 29 countries in SSA conducted from 2010 to 2020. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to examine the association between socioeconomic status and DBM. The results were presented using adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsChildren of obese mothers were less likely to be stunted compared to those born to mothers who were not overweight/obese [aOR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.66−0.77]. The odds of stunting increased with wealth index, with children born to poorest mothers having the highest odds compared to those born to richest mother [aOR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.64−1.95]. The odds of stunting among children was highest among those born to mothers with no formal education compared to those whose mothers had higher education [aOR = 2.73; 95% CI = 2.34−3.18].ConclusionDBM among children in SSA is predicted by maternal level of education, and wealth status. These results underscore the urgency of tailored interventions and policies that address DBM among women of reproductive age, with a particular focus on the socioeconomic disparities in SSA. To effectively combat this pressing public health issue, it is imperative to direct efforts towards empowering women to attain higher levels of education and to implement strategies that consider the specific needs of women across varying socioeconomic statuses.