bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability evaluation of IGBT power module on electric vehicle using big data
Authors: Liu Li , Tang Lei , Jiang Huaping , Wei Fanyi , Li Zonghua , Du Changhong , Peng Qianlei , Lu Guocheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
There are challenges to the reliability evaluation for insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) on electric vehicles, such as junction temperature measurement, computational and storage resources. In this paper, a junction temperature estimation approach based on neural network without additional cost is proposed and the lifetime calculation for IGBT using electric vehicle big data is performed. The direct current (DC) voltage, operation current, switching frequency, negative thermal coefficient thermistor (NTC) temperature and IGBT lifetime are inputs. And the junction temperature (T
j) is output. With the rain flow counting method, the classified irregular temperatures are brought into the life model for the failure cycles. The fatigue accumulation method is then used to calculate the IGBT lifetime. To solve the limited computational and storage resources of electric vehicle controllers, the operation of IGBT lifetime calculation is running on a big data platform. The lifetime is then transmitted wirelessly to electric vehicles as input for neural network. Thus the junction temperature of IGBT under long-term operating conditions can be accurately estimated. A test platform of the motor controller combined with the vehicle big data server is built for the IGBT accelerated aging test. Subsequently, the IGBT lifetime predictions are derived from the junction temperature estimation by the neural network method and the thermal network method. The experiment shows that the lifetime prediction based on a neural network with big data demonstrates a higher accuracy than that of the thermal network, which improves the reliability evaluation of system.
Dual-Schottky-junctions coupling device based on ultra-long β-Ga2O3 single-crystal nanobelt and its photoelectric properties
Authors: Chen Haifeng , Han Xiaocong , Wu Chenlu , Liu Zhanhang , Wang Shaoqing , Liu Xiangtai , Lu Qin , Jia Yifan , Wang Zhan , Guan Yunhe , Li Lijun , Hao Yue 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
High quality β-Ga2O3 single crystal nanobelts with length of 2−3 mm and width from tens of microns to 132 μm were synthesized by carbothermal reduction method. Based on the grown nanobelt with the length of 600 μm, the dual-Schottky-junctions coupling device (DSCD) was fabricated. Due to the electrically floating Ga2O3 nanobelt region coupling with the double Schottky-junctions, the current I
S2 increases firstly and rapidly reaches into saturation as increase the voltage V
S2. The saturation current is about 10 pA, which is two orders of magnitude lower than that of a single Schottky-junction. In the case of solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, the photogenerated electrons further aggravate the coupling physical mechanism in device. I
S2 increases as the intensity of UV light increases. Under the UV light of 1820 μW/cm2, I
S2 quickly enters the saturation state. At V
S2 = 10 V, photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR) of the device reaches more than 104, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) is 1.6 × 103%, and the detectivity (D*) is 7.5 × 1012 Jones. In addition, the device has a very short rise and decay times of 25−54 ms under different positive and negative bias. DSCD shows unique electrical and optical control characteristics, which will open a new way for the application of nanobelt-based devices.
LHC Upgrades in preparation of Run 3
Authors: Arduini G. , Baglin V. , Bartosik H. , Bottura L. , Bracco C. , Bradu B. , Bregliozzi G. , Brodzinski K. , Bruce R. , Calviani M. , Chiggiato P. , Cruikshank P. , Claudet S. , Delikaris D. , Fartoukh S. , Garion C. , Himmerlich M. , Hostettler M. , Iadarola G. , Kostoglou S. , Le Naour S. , Lechner A. , Lefevre T. , Mether L. , Papaphilippou Y. , Petit V. , Pojer M. , Poyet A. , Redaelli S. , Rodriguez Mateos F. , Rumolo G. , Salvant B. , Sanchez Galan F. , Siemko A. , Solfaroli-Camillocci M. , Sterbini G. , Taborelli M. , Tavian L. , Timko H. , Tock J.-Ph. , Verweij A. , Wendt M. , Wenninger J. , Wollmann D. , Yin Vallgren Ch. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Long Shutdown 2
(2019–2021), following LHC Run 2, was primarily dedicated to the
upgrade of the LHC Injectors but it included also a signiﬁcant
amount of activities aimed at consolidation of the LHC machine
components, removal of known limitations and initial upgrades in
view of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) to favour the intensity
ramp-up during Run 3 (2022–2025). An overview of the major
modifications to the accelerator and its systems is followed by a
summary of the results of the superconducting magnet training
campaign to increase the LHC operation energy beyond the maximum
value of 6.5 TeV reached during Run 2. The LHC configuration and
the scenarios for proton and ion operation for Run 3 are presented
considering the expected performance of the upgraded LHC Injectors
and the proton beam intensity limitations resulting from the heat
load on the cryogenic system due to beam-induced electron cloud and
impedance.
Response of salt intrusion in a tidal estuary to regional climatic forcing
Authors: Liu Jinliang , Hetland Robert , Yang Zhaoqing , Wang Taiping , Sun Ning 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Salinity distribution in a large tidal estuary is subject to estuarine adjustment under the influences of multiple physical drivers such as freshwater pulses and sea level rise, and is crucial to upstream water quality, aquaculture, and ecosystem functions of the estuary. To better understand the estuarine salinity response to climate change, the unstructured-grid Finite Volume Community Ocean Model was implemented to simulate the salt intrusion in the Delaware Bay Estuary. The model was first validated by multiple observational data sets and subsequently applied in an idealized setting to examine the response of salt front to freshwater pulses in high flow conditions, followed by a long-term drought condition supported by a multi-decadal streamflow drought analysis in the estuary. The model results showed that after the freshwater pulses the salt front location moved further upstream with sea level rise. Under the simulated long-term drought condition, the adjustment timescale of salt intrusion varies nonlinearly with sea level rise. With a significant increase in sea level rise, the adjustment timescale starts to decrease. This shift suggests a transition into a different regime where the estuary becomes more stratified, as indicated by an increasing bulk Simpson number with rising sea levels.
Nature-based solutions for effective flood mitigation: potential design criteria
Authors: Chappell N A , Beven K J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Few studies attempt to measure changes to discharge hydrographs during floods resulting from nature-based Solutions (NbS) for risk mitigation. The Q-NFM project in the UK has sought to measure and compare such changes for a wide range of NbS pilots applied to managed grasslands and woodlands. Also measured were underlying shifts in key hydrological processes leading to flood hydrograph changes of enhanced evaporation, hillslope-, channel- and floodplain-storage, and infiltration. How well particular NbS pilots changed these processes to reduce flood hydrographs was found to depend on the attributes of the NbS features and scheme. This learning is presented for the first time to highlight, with supporting evidence, seven potential criteria to help practitioners of flood risk management to improve existing and future designs of NbS for more effective flood mitigation within temperate grassland and woodland environments.
Climate deterioration and subsistence economy in prehistoric Southern Iberia: an evaluation of potential links based on regional trajectories
Authors: Schirrmacher Julien , Almeida Nelson J , Stika Hans-Peter , Weinelt Mara 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The potential impact of climatic deterioration on societal breakdowns in prehistory is often based on the mere coincidence of archaeological and palaeoclimatological proxies. For a more profound discussion, climate-sensitive archaeological parameters need to be identified. As agriculture and livestock are significantly affected by the recent climate crisis, the analysis of archaeobotanical and archaeozoological remains can deepen our understanding of this topic. Here, we analyze regional trajectories in subsistence and seasonal precipitation variability across southern Iberia focusing on well-known prehistoric breakdowns around 2200 and 1600 BCE. Results suggest that the ratios of the importance of sheep/goat versus swine and sheep/goat versus cattle, respectively, may serve as a proxy for prehistoric mobility. The importance of hunting deer represents a proxy for societal turnover. While no direct link is evident between climate deterioration and the archaeozoological data, archaeobotanical data reveals a potential relation to precipitation variability. In particular, a close connection to reductions in cold-season precipitation in south-east Iberia appears likely for the ratio between barley and naked wheat. The increased importance of drought-tolerant barley correlates with a trend to reduced cold-season precipitation levels after ca. 2700 BCE. We hypothesize that prehistoric people in south-east Iberia cultivated more barley in order to adapt to periods of drier cold-season climate.
Changes in HCFC emissions from foam sector in eastern China from 2000-2019
Authors: Zhang Dayu , Wu Jing , Liu Zehua , Wang Tong , Hu Dongmei , Peng Lin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting substances, and existing HCFC emission studies lack a comprehensive study of multiple HCFCs in a single consumption sector. China is a large producer and consumer of HCFCs. The HCFC bank in foam sector in 2019 accounted for 91.3% of the national total, and foam sector was also the second largest source of HCFC emissions. Therefore, the estimation of HCFC emissions and banks for the foam sector is quite important. In this study, the multiple HCFC emission inventory for foam sector in eastern China from 2000 to 2019 was first established by using the bottom-up method. The results showed that the HCFC emissions and bank were 14.9 kt and 453.5 kt in 2019. HCFC-141b used in the polyurethane (PU) foam sector had the largest annual emissions, cumulative emissions, and bank due to its high consumption. The total emissions of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b used in the extruded polystyrene (XPS) foam sector were similar to those of HCFC-141b. The HCFC emissions from the foam sector were mainly distributed among the three provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shandong. The cumulative GWP- and ODP-weighted emissions of HCFCs were 240.6 Mt CO2-eq and 14.3 kt CFC-11-eq, respectively. The results showed that in order to response to climate change or ozone depletion, we should prioritize the emission reduction of HCFC-22 and XPS foam sector, or HCFC-141b and PU foam sector.
Landscape characteristics govern the impacts of beaver ponds on surface water methylmercury concentrations in boreal watersheds
Authors: Lam W Y , Mackereth R W , Mitchell C P J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Studies in boreal regions concerning the bioaccumulative neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg) in natural wetlands and experimental reservoirs have shown that these waterbodies contribute to high MeHg levels in underlying sediments, inundated vegetation, and aquatic organisms. Beaver ponds are natural reservoirs that are ubiquitous in the Canadian boreal region and have been reported to increase downstream MeHg concentrations. However, the reported impacts of beaver ponds on stream MeHg vary widely across a limited number of studies, and factors influencing this variation are not well understood. To quantify the effect of beaver ponds on stream mercury concentrations, water samples were taken upstream and downstream of 10 in-channel beaver impoundments in northwestern Ontario, Canada. The downstream:upstream MeHg concentration ratios were related to pond and landscape characteristics to examine potential factors that play a role in determining the effect of beaver ponds on stream MeHg concentrations. Overall, MeHg concentrations were 1.6 times greater downstream of the beaver ponds, though this increase was not consistent; downstream concentrations up to 12 times greater and up to 5 times less were also observed. Landscape characteristics that can be readily obtained from existing spatial datasets or quantified using remote sensing techniques emerged as better predictors of downstream:upstream MeHg concentrations than site-specific stream chemistry parameters or pond characteristics that are more difficult to ascertain, with drier landscapes indicative of lower background MeHg export being more likely to exhibit greater increases in MeHg downstream of a beaver pond. These results suggest that the effects of beaver ponds on surface water MeHg concentrations are generally small but highly variable, and that the magnitude of the pond’s influence on stream MeHg are lessened in landscapes already conducive to higher MeHg concentrations.
How Spinoza Became a Dialectical Materialist
Authors: Matysik Tracie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is not to pin down the provenance of the term “dialectical materialism” itself but to note ways that traces of Spinoza swirled in the mix as it was formulated. Dietzgen acknowledged explicitly the importance of Spinoza for proper thinking, seeing Spinoza as the one figure who managed to avoid the pitfalls of both idealism and a limited, flattened conception of materialism. Plekhanov went so far as to describe the thought of Marx and Engels—as well as that of Feuerbach—as a species of Spinozism. Engels explicitly described Spinoza as a “dialectical” thinker. In articulating their notions of dialectical materialism, these three—like both their predecessors and their successors—mobilized Spinoza’s thought primarily as an instrument of critique. Each stumbled over related questions concerning just what kind of creatures humans are and whether and how they are really able to effect liberation.
The Diversity of Sciences
Authors: Shields Christopher 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aristotle observes, plausibly, that if there were a single, univocal account of goodness, there would be, or could be, a single science of goodness. Yet there is no, perhaps could be no, single science of goodness. So, goodness is not univocal. Aristotle seems right to report that there is no single science of goodness. What this observation portends is, though, another matter. The more demanding question where goodness is concerned is rather a modal question: granted that there is no science of goodness, could there be? We cannot both base an argument for the non-univocity of goodness on the fact that we observe no science of goodness and then also deny the possibility of a science of goodness on its putative non-univocity.
Endothelin-1, Extracellular Volume Overload, and Hemodynamics in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Horvit Andrew , Jeon-Slaughter Haekyung , Sian Jaspreet , Roehm Bethany , Van Buren Peter Noel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Extracellular volume (ECV) overload and endothelial cell dysfunction are mortality risk factors in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictive peptide, is associated with poor outcomes in HD patients. We hypothesized there would be associations between ET-1 and ECV overload in hypertensive HD patients.

METHODS
We obtained pre-HD ET-1, ECV/weight (bioimpedance spectroscopy), pre-HD hemodynamics, and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) in an HD cohort. Following appropriate transformations, we conducted correlation and linear regression analyses idendifying associations between ET-1, ECV overload, total peripheral resistance index (TPRI), cardiac index (CI), and ambulatory BP.

RESULTS
Among 66 patients, median ET-1 was 1.93 (1.49–2.56) pg/ml. Median pre-HD ECV/weight, median TPRI, mean CI, and mean systolic ambulatory BP were 0.25 (0.22–0.30) l/kg, 3,161 (2,711–3,642) dynes × s/cm−5/m2, 2.92 (0.6) l/min/m2, and 143 (14) mm Hg, respectively. After reciprocal-transformation, ET-1 correlated with reciprocal-transformed ECV/weight (r = 0.3, P = 0.01), log-transformed TPRI (r = −0.3, P = 0.006), CI (r = 0.3, P = 0.009), and ambulatory BP (r = −0.3, P = 0.02). These associations persisted in linear regression analysis (β = 0.15, P = 0.002; β = −0.8, P = 0.002; β = 0.2, P = 0.002; β = −19, P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
In hypertensive HD patients, ET-1 associates with ECV overload higher TPRI and ambulatory BP, and lower CI. Further research is necessary to determine if ECV reduction lowers ET-1 or if pharmacologic ET-1 antagonism can improve outcomes in HD patients with refractory ECV overload.
ASHP National Survey of Pharmacy Practice in Hospital Settings: Operations and Technology — 2023
Authors: Schneider Philip J , Pedersen Craig A , Ganio Michael C , Scheckelhoff Douglas J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Results of the 2023 ASHP National Survey of Pharmacy Practice in Hospital Settings are presented.

Methods
Pharmacy directors at 1,497 general and children’s medical-surgical hospitals in the United States were surveyed using a mixed-mode method of contact by email and mail. Survey completion was online using Qualtrics. IQVIA supplied data on hospital characteristics; the survey sample was drawn from IQVIA’s hospital database.

Results
The response rate was 21.6%. Inpatient pharmacists independently prescribe medications in 26.7% of hospitals. Advanced analytics are used in 5.7% of hospitals. Basic analytics are used in 87.3% of hospitals. Pharmacists work in ambulatory or primary care clinics in 54.2% of hospitals operating outpatient clinics. Most hospitals (86.1%) use automated dispensing cabinets as the primary method of maintenance dose distribution. Machine-readable coding is used in 73.6% of hospitals to verify doses during dispensing in the pharmacy. Autoverification functionality in the electronic health record system is used in 73.4% of hospitals. Most hospitals report some integration of pharmacy services to optimize patient care transitions (60.0%), while 24.9% report no integration. Traditional technician activities still predominate, but more advanced roles are emerging. Technologies to assist sterile product preparation are used in 62.8% of hospitals.

Conclusion
Drug distribution continues to trend toward decentralized models with medications available closer to patients. Technologies are enabling this transition to occur without a significant negative impact on patient safety. The pharmacy workforce is stable, and more advanced responsibilities are being assigned to pharmacy technicians, enabling pharmacists to increase their clinical role.
Expansion of Renuvion Application to Areas Beyond the Submental Region: Review and Experience
Authors: Driscoll Cassandra R , Davidson Amelia L , Marturano Matthew N , Kortesis Bill G , Bharti Gaurav 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Minimally invasive and consistent skin redraping following liposuction remains an elusive goal. With the application of Renuvion (Apyx Medical, Clearwater, FL), helium induced cold atmospheric plasma provides coagulation, collagen contraction, and subsequent skin tightening, making this elusive goal attainable.

Objectives
The objective of this study is to evaluate energy settings, and the safety profile of Renuvion in an effort to achieve optimal cosmesis through the improvement of skin laxity.

Methods
A retrospective review at a single site evaluated cases of Renuvion between March 2020 and May 2022. Energy settings, use of concomitant VASER (Solta Medical, Bothwell, WA) liposuction frequency, and adverse events were analyzed.

Results
In total, 180 patients were evaluated, of whom 135 (75%) underwent concomitant VASER liposuction. Renuvion was used on the abdomen (47.8%), thighs (45.6%), arms (27.2%), submental region (25%), hip rolls (21.2%), and back (19.4%). Among the entire cohort, there were a total of 24 (13.3%) complications. The complications consisted of 3 (12.5%) hematomas, 1 (4.2%) burn, 6 (25%) persistent skin laxity with 2 returned operating room (OR) treatments, 4 (16.7%) seromas, 9 (37.5%) postoperative lymphedema that self-resolved, and 1 (4.2%) self-limited neuralgia. There were no complications that required an immediate return to the OR.

Conclusions
Renuvion utilization with or without VASER has a relatively high complication rate—with minor complications as the most common—relatively safe barring proper patient selection, which can be mitigated with proper patient selection.

Level of Evidence: 4
A novel simplified transperineal prostate biopsy guided by perineal ultrasound
Authors: Xiao Yang , Zeng Yating , Han Lina , Lin Guobin , Ke Helin , Xu Shaodan , Lyu Guorong , Li Shilin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Prostate biopsies are mainly performed through transrectal or perineal approaches, while ultrasound probes are located in the rectum for guidance. However, reports on the use of perineal ultrasound-guided transperineal prostate biopsy (PG-TPPB) are few.

Methods
A retrospective case-control study was designed. A total of 111 patients who underwent PG-TPPB from February 2019 to December 2020 were investigated retrospectively. Simultaneously, 188 patients who underwent transrectal prostate biopsy (TRPB) were included as control. The prostate cancer detection rates (PCDR), complication rates, and application values were compared between the 2 groups.

Results
The overall PCDR in the PG-TPPB and TRPB groups were 33.3% (37/111) and 39.9% (75/188), respectively (P = .258). There was no significant difference in the PCDR between the 2 groups under each prostate-specific antigen level (all P &gt; .05). The single-needle PCDR in the PG-TPPB and TRPB groups were 21.5% (277/1 287) and 24.0% (513/2 134), respectively (P = .091). The incidence of complications in the PG-TPPB group was significantly lower than that in the TRPB group (8.1% vs 21.3%, P = .003).

Conclusions
The PCDRs of PG-TPPB and TRPB were the same. However, the postoperative complication rate of PG-TPPB was significantly lower than that of TRPB. Moreover, PG-TPPB required simpler equipment and did not require enema administration, which is suitable for patients with rectal contraindications.

Advances in knowledge
The reports on PG-TPPB are few. Our study indicated that PG-TPPB reduced the postoperative complication rate. Moreover, PG-TPPB required simpler equipment. Importantly, PG-TPPB is suitable for patients with rectal contraindications.
From pixels to prognosis: unlocking the potential of deep learning in fibrotic lung disease imaging analysis
Authors: de la Orden Kett Morais Sean R , Felder Federico N , Walsh Simon L F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The licensing of antifibrotic therapy for fibrotic lung diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), has created an urgent need for reliable biomarkers to predict disease progression and treatment response. Some patients experience stable disease trajectories, while others deteriorate rapidly, making treatment decisions challenging. High-resolution chest CT has become crucial for diagnosis, but visual assessments by radiologists suffer from low reproducibility and high interobserver variability. To address these issues, computer-based image analysis, called quantitative CT, has emerged. However, many quantitative CT methods rely on human input for training, therefore potentially incorporating human error into computer training. Rapid advances in artificial intelligence, specifically deep learning, aim to overcome this limitation by enabling autonomous quantitative analysis. While promising, deep learning also presents challenges including the need to minimize algorithm biases, ensuring explainability, and addressing accessibility and ethical concerns. This review explores the development and application of deep learning in improving the imaging process for fibrotic lung disease.