bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vortex Pinning and Dynamics in HTS films: Role of Extended Linear Defects
Authors: Kasatkin Alexander L. , Tretiatchenko Constantin G. , Pan Volodymyr M. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe model of single vortex escape from extended linear defect and subsequent vortex dynamics under the Lorentz force action in a rather thick (d > 2λ) 3D anisotropic superconductor is developed. We consider the case of parallel c-oriented linear defects as well as the case of equidistant linear row of such kind of defects, which represents the dislocation model of low-angle [001] tilt grain boundary in HTS films and bicrystals. The suggested model based on the classical mechanics approach allows to describe behavior of an elastic vortex string in the potential well of linear defect and under the action of Lorentz force on its end within the Meissner current carrying layer and to determine the depinning critical current density at low magnetic fields and temperatures.
Life Without Barite: Ten Years of Drilling Deep HPHT Gas Wells With Cesium Formate Brine
Authors: Downs John 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The tradition of using barite to increase the weight of drilling fluids dates back to the early-1920's and, while it has been of great benefit to the oil industry over the past 90 years, it has also caused some chronic and persistent well construction problems along the way. These problems, which are very familiar to drillers, include well control difficulties, stuck pipe incidents and formation damage.
The oil industry has known since the 1970's that replacing barite with suitable non-damaging solutes in reservoir drill-in fluids is an effective way of reducing formation damage, simplifying operations and eliminating the need for expensive formation damage by-pass operations. The development of brine-based drill-in fluids opened up the opportunity to connect more effectively with hydrocarbon reserves by allowing the construction of long high-angle reservoir sections completed in open hole. Despite the advantages on offer, the industry was unable to exploit this novel technology in deep HPHT gas field developments until the mid-to late-1990's when drill-in fluids based on potassium and cesium formate brine became available in commercial volumes.
Cesium formate brine was first used as a reservoir drilling fluid in the Huldra gas/condensate field in the North Sea in January 2001, and has now been used to drill a total of 29 deep HPHT gas wells. The information presented and reviewed in this paper confirms that the use of potassium and cesium formates as the sole weighting agents in reservoir drill-in fluids has enabled operators to enjoy the full economic benefits of creating low-skin open-hole completions in deep high-angle HPHT gas wells. The review also concludes that the use of these heavy formate brines as drill-in fluids over the past 10 years has facilitated the safe and efficient development of deep HPHT gas reserves by:
Virtually eliminating well control and stuck pipe incidents Enabling the drilling of long high-angle HPHT wells with narrow drilling windows Typically reducing offshore HPHT well completion times by 30 days or more Improving the definition and visualization of the reservoirs Eliminating the need for clean-ups, stimulation treatments or any other form of post-drilling well intervention to remove formation damage caused by the drilling fluid
This has all been made possible by the operators’ acceptance and adoption of the award-winning Chemical Leasing (ChL) and fluid management programmes that form the basis of their contracts with the sole producer of cesium formate brine. The use of the ChL model has played an important role in reducing the unnecessary consumption of what is a very rare and valuable chemical resource
The DNA Damage Response Induces IFN
Authors: Brzostek-Racine Sabrina , Gordon Chris , Van Scoy Sarah , Reich Nancy C. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This study reveals a new complexity in the cellular response to DNA damage: activation of IFN signaling. The DNA damage response involves the rapid recruitment of repair enzymes and the activation of signal transducers that regulate cell-cycle checkpoints and cell survival. To understand the link between DNA damage and the innate cellular defense that occurs in response to many viral infections, we evaluated the effects of agents such as etoposide that promote dsDNA breaks. Treatment of human cells with etoposide led to the induction of IFN-stimulated genes and the IFN-α and IFN-λ genes. NF-κB, known to be activated in response to DNA damage, was shown to be a key regulator of this IFN gene induction. Expression of an NF-κB subunit, p65/RelA, was sufficient for induction of the human IFN-λ1 gene. In addition, NF-κB was required for the induction of IFN regulatory factor-1 and -7 that are able to stimulate expression of the IFN-α and IFN-λ genes. Cells that lack the NF-κB essential modulator lack the ability to induce the IFN genes following DNA damage. Breaks in DNA are generated during normal physiological processes of replication, transcription, and recombination, as well as by external genotoxic agents or infectious agents. The significant finding of IFN production as a stress response to DNA damage provides a new perspective on the role of IFN signaling.
Gluten-Specific T Cells Cross-React between HLA-DQ8 and the HLA-DQ2α/DQ8β Transdimer
Authors: Kooy-Winkelaar Yvonne , van Lummel Menno , Moustakas Antonis K. , Schweizer Joachim , Mearin M. Luisa , Mulder Chris J. , Roep Bart O. , Drijfhout Jan W. , Papadopoulos George K. , van Bergen Jeroen , Koning Frits 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Because susceptibility to celiac disease is associated strongly with HLA-DQ2 (DQA1*05/DQB1*02) and weakly with HLA-DQ8 (DQA1*03/DQB1*03), a subset of patients carries both HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. As a result, these patients may express two types of mixed HLA-DQ2/8 transdimers (encoded by DQA1*05/DQB1*03 and DQA1*03/DQB1*02) in addition to HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. Using T cells from a celiac disease patient expressing HLA-DQ8trans (encoded by DQA*0501/DQB*0302), but neither HLA-DQ2 nor HLA-DQ8, we demonstrate that this transdimer is expressed on the cell surface and can present multiple gluten peptides to T cell clones isolated from the duodenum of this patient. Furthermore, T cell clones derived from this patient and HLA-DQ2/8 heterozygous celiac disease patients respond to gluten peptides presented by HLA-DQ8trans, as well as HLA-DQ8, in a similar fashion. Finally, one gluten peptide is recognized better when presented by HLA-DQ8trans, which correlates with preferential binding of this peptide to HLA-DQ8trans. These results implicate HLA-DQ8trans in celiac disease pathogenesis and demonstrate extensive T cell cross-reactivity between HLA-DQ8 and HLA-DQ8trans. Because type 1 diabetes is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-DQ8trans, our findings may bear relevance to this disease as well.
Ileal Peyer’s Patches Are Not Necessary for Systemic B Cell Development and Maintenance and Do Not Contribute Significantly to the Overall B Cell Pool in Swine
Authors: Sinkora Marek , Stepanova Katerina , Butler John E. , Francis David , Santiago-Mateo Kristina , Potockova Hana , Karova Kristyna , Sinkorova Jana 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBased on studies of sheep, ileal Peyer’s patches (IPP) have been regarded as a type of primary lymphoid tissue similar to the bursa of Fabricius in chicken. Because bursectomy results in B cell deficiency, we wondered whether resection of the IPP of piglets would have a similar effect. Comparison of IPP-resected, surgical shams and untreated germ-free piglets, all of which were later colonized with a defined commensal flora, demonstrated that resection of the IPP did not alter the level and phenotype of B and T cells in lymphoid tissues and the blood 10 wk after surgery. Additionally, colonization of IPP caused a shift from the fetal type of lymphocyte distribution to the adult type that is characterized by prevalence of B cells, with many of them representing IgA+ switched B cells or displaying a more mature CD2−CD21+ and CD2−CD21− phenotype. Moreover, colonization leads to appearance of effector CD4+CD8+ αβ T helper and CD2+CD8− γδ T cells. Comparison of germ-free with colonized pigs and experiments utilizing surgical transposition of jejunal Peyer’s patch into terminal ileum or construction of isolated ileal loops indicated that lymphocyte development in IPP is dependent on colonization. Although our studies confirmed higher mitotic and apoptotic rates in IPP, they failed to identify any cell populations that resemble developing B lineage cells in the bone marrow. These results indicate that porcine IPP are not required for systemic B cell generation or maintenance, but they are secondary lymphoid tissue that appears important in immune responses to colonizing bacteria.
The Role of Neutral Endopeptidase in Caerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Koh Yung-Hua , Moochhala Shabbir , Bhatia Madhav 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Substance P (SP) is well known to promote inflammation in acute pancreatitis (AP) by interacting with neurokinin-1 receptor. However, mechanisms that terminate SP-mediated responses are unclear. Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) is a cell-surface enzyme that degrades SP in the extracellular fluid. In this study, we examined the expression and the role of NEP in caerulein-induced AP. Male BALB/c mice (20–25 g) subjected to 3–10 hourly injections of caerulein (50 μg/kg) exhibited reduced NEP activity and protein expression in the pancreas and lungs. Additionally, caerulein (10−7 M) also downregulated NEP activity and mRNA expression in isolated pancreatic acinar cells. The role of NEP in AP was examined in two opposite ways: inhibition of NEP (phosphoramidon [5 mg/kg] or thiorphan [10 mg/kg]) followed by 6 hourly caerulein injections) or supplementation with exogenous NEP (10 hourly caerulein injections, treatment of recombinant mouse NEP [1 mg/kg] during second caerulein injection). Inhibition of NEP raised SP levels and exacerbated inflammatory conditions in mice. Meanwhile, the severity of AP, determined by histological examination, tissue water content, myeloperoxidase activity, and plasma amylase activity, was markedly better in mice that received exogenous NEP treatment. Our results suggest that NEP is anti-inflammatory in caerulein-induced AP. Acute inhibition of NEP contributes to increased SP levels in caerulein-induced AP, which leads to augmented inflammatory responses in the pancreas and associated lung injury.
Complications of Medialization Laryngoplasty (Thyroplasty Type-I)
Authors: Kartha S , Young K , Mohan S 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTObjectiveMedialization laryngoplasty (formally type 1 thyroplasty) is an accepted treatment for unilateral vocal fold paralysis or paresis. The objective of this paper is to ascertain the complications following medialization laryngoplasty in patients with particular reference to implant extrusion.Study designThe records of 85 patients who underwent medialization laryngoplasty were retrospectively reviewed from January 2001 to July 2009.ResultsThere were 3 implant extrusions noted only in female patients with cartilage removal technique.ConclusionsImplant extrusion rate following medialization laryngoplasty in our institution is comparable to published literature.
Correlation between Rigid Laryngoscopy and Histopathology of Laryngeal Lesions at Our Voice Clinic
Authors: Garg Sunil 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In today's world of rapid technological advances, the medical field is developing at a rapid speed. Various sophisticated tools are available for the diagnostic work-up of patients with voice disorders. These are stroboscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), contact endoscopy and laryngeal USG, which gives sophisticated details of the larynx. However, at present most of these modalities are expensive and available only at few research centers. Rigid laryngoscopy is a noninvasive, easily available and fairly accurate diagnostic tool in patients with voice disorders.

Aims and objectives
The aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic potential of rigid laryngoscopy in different laryngeal lesions and its correlation with histopathology. This is a one year retrospective study at our voice clinic at Bombay Hospital, Mumbai.

Patients and methods
We examined 720 patients at our voice clinic from January 2008 to December 2008. Microlaryngeal surgery was performed on 59 of these. The clinical diagnosis was made after detailed history taking and clinical examination by a 70 degree Hopkins rod telescope.

Results
In our study, clinical diagnosis was 100% accurate in vocal fold subepithelial cyst, vocal fold nodules, laryngeal papilloma and contact granuloma. The clinical diagnosis had a reliability of 30% for Vocal fold polyps, 50% for leukoplakia, and 66% for malignant lesion. In suspected laryngeal polyps, leukoplakia and malignancy, our study indicates that we need to excise the lesion surgically and prove the histopathology.

Conclusion
Every tissue removed during laryngeal surgery should be sent for histopathology. Rigid Laryngoscopy is a safe and accurate tool to diagnose nodules and cysts.
On the Anisotropy of Lotus‐Type Porous Copper
Authors: Fiedler Thomas , Veyhl Christoph , Belova Irina Veniaminovna , Tane Masakazu , Nakajima Hideo , Bernthaler Timo , Merkel Markus , Öchsner Andreas , Murch Graeme Elliott 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper addresses the thermal and mechanical properties of lotus‐type porous copper. Due to their cellular metal characteristics in combination with strong anisotropy, lotus‐type materials exhibit unique properties. As an example, directional thermal conduction enables the controlled transport of thermal energy in the pore direction without the need of strong thermal insulation. In this paper, thermal and mechanical finite element analyses are performed. The effective thermal conductivity, Young's modulus, and the 0.2%‐offset yield strength are determined. Special consideration is given to the anisotropy of the material. In order to guarantee accurate discretization of the complex material geometry, calculation models are directly based on computed microtomography data. Elastic properties are compared to experimental data and good agreement is found. For the characterization of the thermal anisotropy, a second numerical approach, called the Lattice Monte Carlo method, is used along with thermal finite element analysis. In addition to the numerical methods, the analytical Maxwell, Dulynev, and Bruggeman models are applied. Good agreement for the application of two‐dimensional versions of Dulynev's and Bruggeman models is observed whereas the Maxwell model significantly overestimates the material properties.
Mesomorphic Organization and Thermochromic Luminescence of Dicyanodistyrylbenzene‐Based Phasmidic Molecular Disks: Uniaxially Aligned Hexagonal Columnar Liquid Crystals at Room Temperature with Enhanced Fluorescence Emission and Semiconductivity
Authors: Yoon Seong‐Jun , Kim Jong H. , Kim Kil Suk , Chung Jong Won , Heinrich Benoît , Mathevet Fabrice , Kim Pyosang , Donnio Bertrand , Attias André‐Jean , Kim Dongho , Park Soo Young 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA new dicyanodistyrylbenzene‐based phasmidic molecule, (2Z,2′Z)‐2,2′‐(1,4‐phenylene)bis(3‐(3,4,5‐tris(dodecyloxy)phenyl)acrylonitrile), GDCS, is reported, which forms a hexagonal columnar liquid crystal (LC) phase at room temperature (RT). GDCS molecules self‐assemble into supramolecular disks consisting of a pair of molecules in a side‐by‐side disposition assisted by secondary bonding interactions of the lateral polar cyano group, which, in turn, constitute the hexagonal columnar LC structure. GDCS shows very intense green/yellow fluorescence in liquid/solid crystalline states, respectively, in contrast to the total absence of fluorescence emission in the isotropic melt state according to the characteristic aggregation‐induced enhanced emission (AIEE) behavior. The AIEE and two‐color luminescence thermochromism of GDCS are attributed to the peculiar intra‐ and intermolecular interactions of dipolar cyanostilbene units. It was found that the intramolecular planarization and restricted molecular motion associated with a specific stacking situation in the liquid/solid crystalline phases are responsible for the AIEE phenomenon. The origin of the two‐color luminescence was elucidated to be due to the interdisk stacking alteration in a given column driven by the specific local dipole coupling between molecular disks. These stacking changes, in turn, resulted in the different degree of excited‐state dimeric coupling to give different emission colors. To understand the complicated photophysical properties of GDCS, temperature‐dependent steady‐state and time‐resolved PL measurements have been comprehensively carried out. Uniaxially aligned and highly fluorescent LC and crystalline microwires of GDCS are fabricated by using the micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC) method. Significantly enhanced electrical conductivity (0.8 × 10−5 S•cm−1/3.9 × 10−5 S•cm−1) of the aligned LC/crystal microwires were obtained over that of multi‐domain LC sample, because of the almost perfect shear alignment of the LC material achieved in the MIMIC mold.
A study of tribological and mechanical properties of PTFE composites filled with surface treated K2Ti6O13 whisker
Authors: Shi Yijun , Mu Liwen , Feng Xin , Lu Xiaohua 
Published: October 2011

AbstractK2Ti6O13 whisker was modified with n‐octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), fluorosurfactant (FSK), and silane coupling agent (KH‐550), respectively. The surface energy of K2Ti6O13 whisker was calculated based on Van Oss‐Chaudhury‐Good function. Then the influence of surface modification on the tribological and mechanical properties of K2Ti6O13 whisker filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites was studied. Surface energy calculation shows that the surface energy of OTS‐treated K2Ti6O13 whisker is only 29.0 mJ/m2, which is the closest to the value of pure PTFE. Among all samples, the PTFE composite filled with OTS‐treated K2Ti6O13 whisker shows the best antiwear property, tensile strength, and impact strength, which is about 19 to 33%, 15 and 55% higher than that of untreated K2Ti6O13 whisker filled PTFE, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Modifying montmorillonite clay via silane grafting and interfacial polycondensation for melt compounding of nylon‐66 nanocomposite
Authors: Salehi‐Mobarakeh Hamid , Yadegari Ali , Khakzad‐Esfahlan Fahimeh , Mahdavian Alireza 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA trifunctional organo alkoxysilane (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (γ‐APS) has been used as reagent for the chemical modification of montmorillonite clay. Silane grafting was taken place in dry and hydrolyzing conditions. Silane grafted and pristine clay took part in interfacial polycondensation process to deposit a layer of nylon‐66 onto the clay lamellae and therefore, enhance their affinity with nylon‐66 matrix. Evidence of presence of grafted silane molecules and deposition of nylon‐66 on clay particles were provided by Fourier transform‐infrared, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Such modified clays and pristine clays were melt compounded with nylon‐66. The structures of the resulting nylon composites were characterized using XRD and transmission electron microscopy and the results showed presence of both intercalation and exfoliation. TGA thermograms of nanocomposites indicated improved thermal stability upon the incorporation of silane grafted montmorillonite. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry scans showed that silane modified clays promoted crystallization in nanocomposites. Increase of storage modulus and depression of tan δ peak in nanocomposites in dynamical mechanical thermal analysis were observed. The rheological properties of nylon‐66 and nanocomposites were also evaluated and differences in values of complex viscosity of samples were noticed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Comparative study on natural antioxidant as an aging retardant for natural rubber vulcanizates
Authors: Komethi M. , Othman N. , Ismail H. , Sasidharan S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe research aim is mainly to investigate the effectiveness of natural antioxidant (NA) obtained from oil palm leaves (Elaeis guineensis) as an aging retardant in natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates. Comparison of NA with other commercial antioxidants, trimethyl quinoline (TMQ) and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), is investigated. The effect of natural and commercial antioxidants on NR vulcanizates was explored before and after aging. Aging test was carried out at 70°C for three different periods, 4, 7, and 14 days to determine aging property by performing the tensile and tear tests. NA shows lower tensile properties, crosslink density, tack strength but high tear strength compared to the commercial antioxidants, BHT and TMQ. However, upon aging NR vulcanizates with NA retains its properties equivalent to that of commercial antioxidants, BHT and TMQ. Thus, NA can be used as an aging retardant for short‐term protection in application requiring moderate tensile properties and can be used as alternative source for commercial antioxidant. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Invertebrate models of spinal muscular atrophy: Insights into mechanisms and potential therapeutics
Authors: Grice Stuart J. , Sleigh James N. , Liu Ji‐Long , Sattelle David B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractInvertebrate genetic models with their tractable neuromuscular systems are effective vehicles for the study of human nerve and muscle disorders. This is exemplified by insights made into spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans. For speed and economy, these invertebrates offer convenient, whole‐organism platforms for genetic screening as well as RNA interference (RNAi) and chemical library screens, permitting the rapid testing of hypotheses related to disease mechanisms and the exploration of new therapeutic routes and drug candidates. Here, we discuss recent developments encompassing synaptic physiology, RNA processing, and screening of compound and genome‐scale RNAi libraries, showcasing the importance of invertebrate SMA models.Editor's suggested further reading in BioEssays: SMN and Gemins: ‘We are family’ ... or are we? Abstract