bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth‐related factors and doctor‐diagnosed wheezing and allergic sensitization in early childhood
Authors: Keski‐Nisula L. , Karvonen A. , Pfefferle P. I. , Renz H. , Büchele G. , Pekkanen J. 
Published: January 2010

To cite this article: Keski‐Nisula L, Karvonen A, Pfefferle PI, Renz H, Büchele G, Pekkanen J. Birth‐related factors and doctor‐diagnosed wheezing and allergic sensitization in early childhood. Allergy 2010; 65: 1116–1125.AbstractBackground:  To investigate the associations between clinical obstetric factors during birth and doctor‐diagnosed wheezing and allergic sensitization during early childhood.Methods:  We followed 410 Finnish women from late pregnancy until 18 months age of their children. All children were delivered at term. Doctor‐diagnosed wheezing among children was established by questionnaires, while specific immunoglobulin E antibodies to inhalant and food allergens were measured in 388 children at 1 year of age. Data on maternal obstetric variables were recorded at the time of delivery.Results:  Children of mothers with longer duration of ruptured fetal membranes before birth had significantly higher risk of doctor‐diagnosed wheezing during early childhood compared to those children with shorter period of ruptured fetal membranes (III vs I quartile; aOR 6.65, 95% CI 1.99–22.18; P < 0.002 and IV vs I quartile; aOR 3.88, 95% CI 1.05–14.36, P < 0.043). Children who were born by Cesarean delivery had significantly less allergic sensitization at the age of 1 year compared to those who were born by vaginal route (16.0%vs 32.2%; aOR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14–0.80; P < 0.013). Furthermore, allergic sensitization tended to be more common in children with longer duration of labor before birth. No other birth‐related obstetric factors, such as induction, the type of fetal membrane rupture during birth or quality of amniotic fluid were associated significantly with the examined outcomes.Conclusion:  The longer duration of the ruptured fetal membranes possibly reflected the higher risk of intrapartum infection at birth, and further increased the risk of doctor‐diagnosed wheezing among offspring.
Effects of nicorandil on sympathetic neurotransmission in rat caudal artery
Authors: Tei Ami , Nejime Namie , Tada Yukari , Kagota Satomi , Tanabe Yoko , Hashimoto Michio , Shinozuka Kazumasa 
Published: February 2010

Summary1. We examined the effects of nicorandil, an ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channel opener and nitric oxide donor, on the release of noradrenaline from vascular sympathetic nerves. This effect was compared to the effect on vascular smooth muscle.2. Caudal artery preparations from Wistar rats were electrically stimulated (1 Hz, 0.5‐ms duration) and noradrenaline release in the artery was detected using an high‐pressure liquid chromatography‐electrochemical detection technique. The pharmacological properties of the prejunctional effect of nicorandil were determined using the nonselective KATPchannel blocker glibenclamide, the pancreatic β‐cell and brain‐type KATPchannel blocker tolbutamide, and the smooth muscle‐type KATPchannel blocker PNU‐37883A.3. Nicorandil inhibited the electrical stimulation‐evoked noradrenaline release in a concentration‐dependent manner. This inhibitory effect was abolished by 1 μmol/L glibenclamide and 10 μmol/L tolbutamide, but was not affected by 10 μmol/L PNU‐37883A or 0.3 μmol/L ODQ. Nicorandil did not affect the noradrenaline transporter uptake 1 in the adrenergic nerve terminals.4. Nicorandil produced a relaxation response in a concentration‐dependent manner in the caudal artery pre‐contracted with 0.3 μmol/L noradrenaline. This relaxation response was significantly diminished in the presence of 1 μmol/L glibenclamide, 10 μmol/L PNU‐37883A and 0.3 μmol/L ODQ but not by 10 μmol/L tolbutamide.5. These findings suggest that nicorandil inhibits noradrenaline release via the KATPchannels of sympathetic nerves. These channels may be pharmacologically different from those of vascular smooth muscle.
Associations between psychosomatic symptoms in adolescence and mental health symptoms in early adulthood
Authors: Kinnunen Pirjo , Laukkanen Eila , Kylmä Jari 
Published: January 2010

Kinnunen P, Laukkanen E, Kylmä J.International Journal of Nursing Practice2010;16: 43–50 Associations between psychosomatic symptoms in adolescence and mental health symptoms in early adulthoodThis longitudinal study explored associations between psychosomatic symptoms in adolescence and mental health symptoms in early adulthood. The baseline data were collected in 1996 from 14‐year‐old pupils (n = 235; 116 girls, 119 boys) at schools using a structured questionnaire that included a 14‐item scale of psychosomatic symptoms. The follow‐up data were collected in 2006 from the same persons at the age of 24 using the Symptom Checklist‐90. Follow‐up questionnaires were returned by 149 (63.4%) young adults (88 women and 61 men). Young adults who had many psychosomatic symptoms in adolescence suffered more often than the others from somatization and anxiety symptoms in early adulthood. In addition, women had more symptoms of depression and paranoid ideation, and men had more interpersonal sensitivity and psychotic symptoms. Psychosomatic symptoms in adolescence might be important signals of mental health and this should be taken seriously in school health and in general primary care.
‘Caring? It's the little things we are not supposed to do anymore’
Authors: Pearcey Patricia 
Published: January 2010

Pearcey P. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 51–56 ‘Caring? It's the little things we are not supposed to do anymore’This study explored the views of twenty‐five qualified nurses in five hospitals to determine what they perceived as dominant values in clinical nursing work. Aspects of a grounded theory approach were used and this study formed the final one of three. The first two studies had student nurse samples and this study aimed to confirm and validate the data from the students' perceptions. The student nurses had implied that nurses communicated and ‘cared’ for patient's much less than they expected. Findings from this study reaffirm the students' perceptions and suggest that nurses may not be as caring as they would like to be. One significant issue to emerge, in conjunction with the realization that nurses were not being as caring as they would have liked, was that it mattered to them that caring was the ‘little things’ not ‘supposed to be done anymore’.
An analysis of narratives to identify critical thinking contexts in psychiatric clinical practice
Authors: Mun Mi Suk 
Published: January 2010

Mun MS. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 75–80 An analysis of narratives to identify critical thinking contexts in psychiatric clinical practiceThe development of students' critical thinking abilities is one of the greatest challenges facing contemporary nursing educators. Nursing educators should know about what kind of contents or situations need critical thinking. The research was undertaken to identify the critical thinking contexts that nursing students confront in psychiatric clinical practices. Students were asked to document their everyday experience. The narratives were analysed and interpreted from the philosophical notion of hermeneutics. Four themes emerged as critical thinking contexts: anxiety, conflict, hyper‐awareness, dilemmas. Writing narratives appear to provide opportunities for reflection in addition to facilitating critical thinking and communicative skills in students. Also, for the instructor, students' clinical narratives could provide insight to understand how students are thinking and to share student's personal difficulties.
Ethical values in caring encounters on a geriatric ward from the next of kin's perspective: An interview study
Authors: Jonasson Lise‐Lotte , Liss Per‐Erik , Westerlind Björn , Berterö Carina 
Published: January 2010

Jonasson L‐L, Liss P‐E, Westerlind B, Berterö C. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 20–26 Ethical values in caring encounters on a geriatric ward from the next of kin's perspective: An interview studyThe aim of this study was to identify and describe the governing ethical values that next of kin experience in interaction with nurses who care for elderly patients at a geriatric clinic. Interviews with 14 next of kin were conducted and data were analysed by constant comparative analysis. Four categories were identified: receiving, showing respect, facilitating participation and showing professionalism. These categories formed the basis of the core category: ‘Being amenable’, a concept identified in the next of kin's description of the ethical values that they and the elderly patients perceive in the caring encounter. Being amenable means that the nurses are guided by ethical values; taking into account the elderly patient and the next of kin. Nurses' focusing on elderly patients' well‐being as a final criterion affects the next of kin and their experience of this fundamental condition for high‐quality care seems to be fulfilled.
Prevalence of frailty on clinical wards: Description and implications
Authors: Andela Richt M , Dijkstra Ate , Slaets Joris PJ , Sanderman Robbert 
Published: January 2010

Andela RM, Dijkstra A, Slaets JPJ, Sanderman R. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 14–19 Prevalence of frailty on clinical wards: Description and implicationsThis paper describes the prevalence and frailty level of patients aged ≥ 75 years upon admission to various clinical wards. The data collection took place on five clinical wards of different clinical specialisms: Geriatric Centre, traumatology, pulmonology/rheumatology, internal medicine and surgical medicine. The Groningen Frailty Indicator was used to assess the frailty of newly admitted patients. The presence of number and kind of the various frailty indicators was different for the clinical wards, because of clinical diagnose, age and gender. On the Geriatric Centre, almost all patients were indicated as frail. On the other wards, 50–80% of the patients were indicated as frail with most frailty indicators on the scale ‘psychosocial’. The study show a high prevalence of frail elderly on some wards and gives an indication of the various needs for other disciplines within the framework of the care for frail elderly people.
Caregiver burden of family members of persons living with HIV in Thailand
Authors: Lee Sung‐Jae , Li Li , Jiraphongsa Chuleeporn , Rotheram‐Borus Mary J 
Published: January 2010

Lee S‐J, Li L, Jiraphongsa C, Rotheram‐Borus MJ. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 57–63 Caregiver burden of family members of persons living with HIV in ThailandCaregivers of people living with HIV (PLH) in Thailand face tremendous caregiver burden. This study examines complex ways in which caregivers' mental health affects their levels of caregiver burden. This study uses data from 409 caregivers of PLH in northern and north‐eastern Thailand. Multiple regression models were used to examine the predictors of caregiver burden. Depression was significantly associated with caregiver burden (P < 0.0001) and being HIV positive (P = 0.015). Inverse associations were observed between depression and quality of life (P < 0.0001) and caregiver burden and quality of life (P = 0.004). Social support had direct positive association with caregiver's quality of life (P < 0.0001). Our findings underscore the complex relationship between caregiver burden, depression and HIV‐status. Interventions that address the caregiver burden are urgently needed.
A systematic review: Students with mental health problems—A growing problem
Authors: Storrie Kim , Ahern Kathy , Tuckett Anthony 
Published: January 2010

Storrie K, Ahern K, Tuckett A. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 1–6 A systematic review: Students with mental health problems—A growing problemThe number of university students with a serious mental illness has risen significantly over the past few years. A systematic review was conducted that addressed emotional and or mental health problems of university students worldwide. In total, 572 articles were identified, of which 11 met inclusion criteria. Issues identified included types of problems experienced by students, how staff dealt with these students, barriers to seeking help, tools that facilitated help‐seeking and epidemiological trends in the university student population. Recommendations include (i) providing better links between the university and external mental health providers, and (ii) increasing students' awareness of existing support services within and external to the university. As it is unrealistic to expect all academic staff to have the expertise required to deal with students with emotional problems, it is also recommended that (iii) policies and personnel with expertise in mental health are available to provide guidance for staff.
Thoracic imaging
Authors: HANSELL David M. , BOISELLE Phillip M. , GOLDIN Jonathan , KAUCZOR Hans‐Ulrik , LYNCH David A. , MAYO John R. , PATZ JR Edward F. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThe various techniques encompassed in the term ‘Thoracic Imaging’ have had a dramatic effect on the practice of respiratory medicine over the last 25 years. One of many examples is the increased precision with which lung cancer can be preoperatively staged using CT and PET imaging. The increasing sophistication of thoracic imaging tests brings many benefits, but there are caveats. This review considers a selection of techniques and contains state‐of‐the‐art commentaries by distinguished experts on current challenges and likely future developments.
Management of bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a review
Authors: Lau Wan Yee , Lai Eric C. H. , Lau Stephanie H. Y. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground:  Bile duct injury following cholecystectomy is an iatrogenic catastrophe which is associated with significant perioperative morbidity and mortality, reduced long‐term survival and quality of life, and high rates of subsequent litigation. The aim of this article was to review the management of bile duct injury after cholecystectomy.Methods:  Medline and PubMed database search was undertaken to identify articles in English from 1970 to 2008 using the key words ‘bile duct injury’, ‘cholecystectomy’ and ‘classification’. Additional papers were identified by a manual search of the references from the key articles. Case report was excluded.Results:  Early recognition of bile duct injury is of paramount importance. Only 25%–32.4% of injuries are recognized during operation. The majority of patients present initially with non‐specific symptoms. Management depends on the timing of recognition, the type, extent and level of the injury. Immediate recognition and repair are associated with improved outcome, and the minimum standard of care after recognition of bile duct injury is immediate referral to a surgeon experienced in bile duct injury repair. There is a growing body of literature supporting the importance of early referral to a tertiary care hospital which can provide a multidisciplinary approach to treat bile duct injury. Inadequate management may lead to severe complications.Conclusions:  None of the classification system is universally accepted as each has its own limitation. The optimal management depends on the timing of recognition of injury, the extent of bile duct injury, the patient's condition and the availability of experienced hepatobiliary surgeons.
Thermo‐mechanical methods for improving fatigue performance of wrought magnesium alloys
Authors: SHAHZAD M. , WAGNER L. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTWrought magnesium alloys AZ80 and ZK60 were extruded at 300 °C with extrusion ratios of ER = 12 and 44. Resulting microstructures, crystallographic textures and mechanical properties were investigated. Extruding led to profound reduction in grain size, which drastically improved yield stress, tensile elongation and HCF performance. Strength differentials in ZK60 after extruding at ER = 12 were more pronounced than after extruding at ER = 44, whereas no such effect of ER was observed in AZ80. Swaging after extruding further increased yield stress and endurance limit, while strength differential increased and ductility was lowered.
Karst pools in subsurface environments: collectors of microbial diversity or temporary residence between habitat types
Authors: Shabarova Tanja , Pernthaler Jakob 
Published: January 2010

SummaryWe studied bacterial diversity and community composition in three shallow pools of a Swiss karst cave system with contrasting hydrological and hydrochemical properties. The microbial assemblages in the pools were remarkably different, and only one operational taxonomic unit of 16S rRNA genes (OTU, 97% similarity) was shared between the three of them (total OTU number in all pools: 150). Unexpectedly high microbial phylotype richness was found even in the two pools without groundwater contact and with low concentrations of organic carbon and total cell numbers (< 104 ml−1). One of these seepage water fed systems harboured 15 distinct OTUs from several deeply branching lineages of the candidate phylum OP3, whereas representatives of this group were not detected in the other two pools. A tentative phylogeographic analysis of available OP3‐related sequences in the context of our data set revealed that there was generally little agreement between the habitats of origin of closely related sequence types. Two bacterial clades affiliated with the obligate methylamine utilizer Methylotenera mobilis were only found in the pool that was exposed to repeated flooding events. These bacteria formed relatively stable populations of up to 6% of total cell counts over periods of several months irrespective of inundation by groundwater. This suggests that karst water may provide a means of transport for these bacteria from terrestrial to freshwater habitats.
CONSTITUENT INTEREST VS. LEGISLATOR IDEOLOGY: THE ROLE OF POLITICAL OPPORTUNITY COST
Authors: McArthur John , Marks Stephen V. 
Published: January 2010

This paper applies the economic model of legislative voting to the automobile industry domestic content vote in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982. We consider constituent interests for and against the Ml, and compare the predictive powers of alternative indicators of ideological preferences.We also examine the role of political opportunity cost and find that lame ducks were significantly less likely to vote for the bill than were returnees to Congress. Given the political advantages of voting for the bill, this is consistent with the view that legislators were influenced by the case for freer trade.
MONEY DEMAND DURING HYPERINFLATION AND STABILIZATION: BOLIVIA, 1980–1988
Authors: ASILIS CARLOS M. , HONOHAN PATRICK , MCNELIS PAUL D. 
Published: January 2010

This paper examines the demand for money in Bolivia during the 1980s, a decade of extreme instability with annual inflation rates reaching over 20,000 percent, and a subsequent stabilization, with annual rates falling to less than 25 percent and remaining so for more than five years.Our empirical analysis makes use of error‐correction approaches, time‐varying‐parameter estimation with Kalman filtering, and GARCH models of expected inflation and inflation variance. We find that expected inflation and inflation uncertainty both matter for money demand. Time‐varying estimates show that the reaction to monetary disequilibria was significantly faster during hyperinflation.
ARMEN A. ALCHIAN'S INFLUENCE ON ECONOMICS
Authors: Lott John R. 
Published: January 2010

Editor's Note: I wish to thank Special Symposium Editor John Lott for his dedicated, vigorous and hard work in setting up the symposium and then in shepherding the manuscripts through the referee and editing process. I also wish to thank Coeditor Rodney Smith, Claremont McKenna College, for serving as our liaison with the special editor. Along with Editorial Coordinator Carolyn Williams, Professors Lott and Smith put together one of the very best one‐day subconferences ever held at a WEA convention. This celebration of the career and influence of Armen Alchian of UCLA, an important and special senior member of our profession, was a wonderful academic experience for all participants, and I trust the insights included in this volume will advance and enrich our thinking about economics as Professor Alchian has throughout his distinguished career.Frank C. Wykoff, Editor
APRIL 15 SYNDROME
Authors: SLEMROD JOEL , CHRISTIAN CHARLES , LONDON REBECCA , PARKER JONATHAN A. 
Published: January 2010

In tax year 1988, delaying filing income tax returns cost the 73.2 million taxpayers claiming refunds nearly one billion dollars of interest. “Impatient” tax filers, who mail in their tax payments before the filing deadline, passed up $46 million in interest.We develop a model of tax filing based on stochastic opportunity cost, and then investigate whether filing times are consistent with that model. We find some evidence for this because, ceteris paribus, higher refunds are associated with earlier filing and complex returns are associated with later filing, as are higher incomes (as a proxy for higher costs of time).
INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE AND THE VELOCITY OF MONEY: A CENTURY OF EVIDENCE
Authors: BORDO MICHAEL D. , JONUNG LARS , SIKLOS PIERRE L. 
Published: January 2010

We study common features in the income velocity of money, income, and interest rates for Canada, the U.S., the U.K., Sweden and Norway using annual data from 1870. The recently developed and refined techniques of testing for cointegration are employed.The evidence suggests there is a unique long‐run relationship in velocity but not in income and interest rates. Moreover, we find that only a model which includes institutional change proxies is properly specified. We argue that the evidence is best interpreted in the context of common historical developments in the respective countries' financial systems.
Chronobiological aspects of food intake and metabolism and their relevance on energy balance and weight regulation
Authors: Ekmekcioglu C. , Touitou Y. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryOverweight and obesity are the result of a chronic positive energy balance, and therefore the only effective therapies are a diet which, on the long term, provides lower calories than the daily expended energy and exercise. Because nearly every physiological and biochemical function of the body shows circadian variations it can be suggested that also different chronobiological aspects of food intake, like time of day, meal frequency and regularity, and also circadian desynchronizations like in shift work may affect energy metabolism and weight regulation. The aim of this review is therefore to summarize and discuss studies that have addressed these issues in the past and to also provide an overview about circadian variations of selected aspects of metabolism, gut physiology and also factors that may influence overall energy regulation. The results show that a chronic desynchronization of the circadian system like in shift work and also sleep deprivation can favour the development of obesity. Also, regarding energy balance, a higher meal frequency and regular eating pattern seem to be more advantageous than taking the meals irregularly and seldom. Additional studies are required to conclude whether time of day‐dependent food intake significantly influences weight regulation in humans.