bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local authority engagement with small and medium‐sized enterprises in energy efficiency: Governance approaches used in the Energy Efficient Scotland programme
Authors: Sugar Katherine , Wade Faye , Webb Janette 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMeeting net zero emissions targets requires co‐operation of multiple actors across scales and sectors, including small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs); research on action by SMEs to improve energy efficiency of their buildings has however been limited. This article focuses on the work of local authorities in engaging SMEs in energy efficiency initiatives. Empirical findings are from systematic analysis of semi‐structured interviews with local authorities participating in the Energy Efficient Scotland pilot programme for national scale retrofit. The modes of governance conceptual framework (self‐governing, governing by partnership, governing through enabling, governing by provision and governing by authority) is combined with a local government capacities framework (responsibility, political authority, finance, personnel, knowledge and energy materialities) to explore the different strategies available to local authorities. Findings reveal that local authorities utilise various modes of governing for engaging SMEs; however some governing modes (self‐governing, governing through authority and governing through provision) proved more effective than others (governing through partnership and through enabling). The results demonstrate that the modes of governance used to engage SMEs in energy efficiency depend on local authority capacities. However, Scottish local authority capacities are varied, resulting in differential ability to utilise the different modes of governing. Government policy for heat in buildings therefore needs to be sensitive to the specificities of different local authorities in order to extend their capacities for engage SMEs through both direct and enabling modes of governance.
Purely organic room temperature phosphorescent materials toward organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Li Hui , Chen Cheng , Ye Zongji , Feng Kai , Huang Jiani , Xie Gaozhan , Tao Ye 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurely organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have shown broad application prospects in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their theoretical 100% exciton utilization, cost‐effectiveness, and flexibility. In recent years, with the deepening of research, various luminescent mechanisms have been proposed, and RTP materials have made significant progress, which have been effectively applied to OLEDs. This article comprehensively reviews the research progress of RTP materials in OLEDs and introduces the development of a series of high‐efficiency RTP materials from the perspective of molecular design strategies and photophysical properties. These conclusions draw a roadmap to address the inherent challenges in utilizing organic RTP materials to specifically advance the investigation of OLEDs.
An industrial heat source dataset based on remotely sensed active fire/hotspot detection in China from 2012 to 2021
Authors: Ma Caihong , Sui Xin , Guan Linlin , Xie Yanmei , Li Tianzhu , Zhang Pengyu , Qiu Yubao , Huang Weimin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe distribution of industrial heat sources (IHSs) is a crucial indicator for evaluating energy consumption and air pollution levels. However, there is a notable lack of IHS datasets in China that are frequently updated, span long periods, contain detailed characteristic information, have been individually validated and are publicly available. In this study, IHS datasets from China between 2012 and 2021 were constructed using the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) I Band 375 m NRT Active Fire/Hotspots (ACF) Product (VNP14IMGTDL_NRT) to monitor and analyse large‐scale IHSs. First, a density segmentation method based on an improved K‐means algorithm using ACF data and spatial topological correlation analysis was conducted to construct the IHS. Then, 4410 records covering China between 2012 and 2021, with 21 attributes, were obtained and verified, with an individual identification precision of 95.08% via manual verification based on high‐resolution remote‐sensing images and point of interest (POI) data. Finally, the trend of the spatiotemporal variation in IHSs was analysed using a long time series. The results showed that the spatial distribution of IHSs in China from 2012 to 2021 exhibited local aggregation and a gradual shift from east to west. In addition, the number of IHSs in China showed an initial increasing trend from 2012 to 2014, followed by a decrease since 2014, consistent with national energy reform‐related policies. The results of this study indicate the temporal variation in IHSs, enhance the precision of identifying fire location categories and demonstrate the potential for improving energy efficiency, reducing emissions and ensuring sustainable development in China.
Provenance study of marble artifacts from the Berenike (Egypt) archaeological site based on petrographic and isotopic data
Authors: Bojanowski Maciej J. , Mandera Sara , Zych Iwona 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFragments of marble revetment and floor slabs as well as some broken statuary and vessels were recovered from the excavation of a Roman temple in the harbor town of Berenike on the Red Sea coast of Egypt. Petrographic analyses, including optical, cathodoluminescence, and scanning electron microscopy as well as isotopic analyses (δ13C, δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr), were conducted to determine the provenance of the marble. The aim was to reconstruct the commercial ties that led to this prized building stone being brought to Berenike. Most, if not all, of the slabs are of banded gray to white marble showing properties indicative of a Prokonnesian origin. This marble, exploited on Marmara Island (Sea of Marmara, Turkey) and extensively utilized throughout the Mediterranean, including Egypt from at least the second century A.D., might have been procured from the marble depots in Alexandria. This could have involved engaging a team of Bithynian master craftsmen for the project, presumably to embellish the main temple of the city during the reign of the Roman emperor Hadrian. The statuary and vessel finds are composed of white marble representing several sources. Some coarse‐grained specimens were surely extracted in Prokonnesos. For others, the source is uncertain and the likely candidates are Prokonnesos, Paros (Cyclades, Aegean Sea), and Ephesos (Aegean coast of Asia Minor). The fine‐grained varieties represented high‐quality Dokimian (Afyon region, Asia Minor) and most likely expensive Parian (lychnites type) marble. Marble from the ancient Gebel Rokham quarries in Egypt was also examined for comparison, but its properties have excluded this source in the case of the marble artifacts from Berenike analyzed in this work.
Morphological Complexity of Intrapapillary Capillary Loops for Predicting the Invasion Depth of Superficial Esophageal Neoplasms Using Narrow‐Band Imaging
Authors: Hwang Jeongeun , Park Hyungchul , Park Jooyoung , Kim Do Hoon , Kim Namkug 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTPredicting the invasion depth of superficial esophageal neoplasms (SENs) is crucial for an indication toward endoscopic treatment. We aimed to develop imaging biomarkers to predict the invasion depth of SENs using the intrapapillary capillary loop (IPCL) patterns. Texture and fractal analyses were performed on IPCL demarcations. Logistic regression models were built to distinguish narrow‐band images (NBIs) of T1b from T1a and high‐grade dysplasia (HGD). Classification performances of a base model composed of the age, sex, height, and body mass index of the patient, and a morphometric model comprising the texture and fractal metrics along with the base model parameters were compared. NBIs of 39 patients including T staging of 6 HGD, 22 T1a, and 11 T1b were analyzed. In the logistic regression by a multivariable generalized linear model classifying histological depths, only texture entropy was significantly and positively associated with the invasion depth. Lower texture entropy of IPCL demarcations was significantly associated with diagnoses of T1b (odds ratio: 0.144, 95% confidence interval: 0.019–0.687) in comparison to the stratum with higher texture entropy. The performance of the morphometric model represented by areas under the receiver operating curves (0.795) was better than that of the base model (0.562). We suggest morphometric analyses, particularly texture entropy, have the potential as image biomarkers to aid in the prediction of SEN invasion depth using IPCL patterns.
Quantiles of the gain distribution of an early childhood intervention
Authors: Battistin Erich , Lamarche Carlos , Rettore Enrico 
Published: June 2024

SummaryWe investigate the distribution of gains among participants in the Infant Health and Development Program, an understudied randomized controlled trial that targets infants with low birth weight. Our primary focus is on assessing the effects in cognitive and health outcomes within distinct subgroups, which we define based on the outcomes that would occur in the absence of program participation. We propose a strategy to estimate the distribution of gains from the program by using anthropometrics measurements taken at birth, under the assumption that potential outcomes depend on underlying latent factors explaining neonatal health. Our findings reveal that the enhancements in cognitive and health outcomes at 36 months are not uniformly distributed among program participants. The variability in these effects can be attributed to several factors, including neonatal health, post‐natal shocks, and family income.
Dynamic optical coherence elastography for skin burn assessment: A preliminary study on mice model
Authors: Liu Heng , Yang Di , Jia Renfei , Wang Weike , Shang Jianwei , Liu Quanzhong , Liang Yanmei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSkin burns that include tissue coagulation necrosis imply variations in stiffness. Dynamic phase‐sensitive optical coherence elastography (OCE) is used to evaluate the stiffness of burned skin nondestructively in this paper. The homemade dynamic OCE was initially verified through tissue‐mimicking phantom experiments regarding Rayleigh wave speed. After being burned with a series of temperatures and durations, the corresponding structure and stiffness variations of mice skin were demonstrated by histological images, optical coherence tomography B‐scans, and OCE elastic wave speed maps. The results clearly displayed the variation in elastic properties and stiffness of the scab edge extending in the lateral direction. Statistical analysis revealed that murine skin burned at temperatures exceeding 100°C typically exhibited greater stiffness than skin burned at temperatures below 100°C. The dynamic OCE technique shows potential application for incorporating elasticity properties as a biomechanical extension module to diagnose skin burn injuries.
Discussing money with the one you love: How financial stress influences couples' financial communication
Authors: Mishra Nirajana , Garbinsky Emily N. , Shu Suzanne B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhen managing joint finances, couples need to have candid conversations about money. But what happens when one partner is feeling financially stressed? Our research investigates this question, exploring how an individual's perception of their current financial situation impacts their willingness to discuss money with their partner. Across eight studies (N = 8474), we found that when individuals experience high (vs. low) financial stress, they are less likely to communicate with their partner about finances due to greater anticipated conflict. The effect of financial stress on communication is attenuated when individuals do not anticipate conflict. Further, we demonstrate that viewing conflicts as solvable rather than perpetual increases the likelihood of engaging in financial communication with one's partner. These findings have notable implications for both individuals' financial well‐being and couples' relationship satisfaction.
Adaptive block imaging based on compressive sensing in AFM
Authors: Zhang Yuchuan , Chen Yongjian , Wu Teng , Han Guoqiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) is a kind of high‐precision instrument to measure the surface morphology of various conductive or nonconductive samples. However, obtaining a high‐resolution image with standard AFM scanning requires more time. Using block compressive sensing (BCS) is an effective approach to achieve rapid AFM imaging. But, the routine BCS‐AFM imaging is difficult to balance the image quality of each local area. It is easy to lead to excessive sampling in some flat areas, resulting in time‐consuming. At the same time, there is a lack of sampling in some areas with significant details, resulting in poor imaging quality. Thus, an innovative adaptive BCS‐AFM imaging method is proposed. The overlapped block is used to eliminate blocking artifacts. Characteristic parameters (GTV, Lu, and SD) are used to predict the local morphological characteristics of the samples. Back propagation neural network is employed to acquire the appropriate sampling rate of each sub‐block. Sampling points are obtained by pre‐scanning and adaptive supplementary scanning. Afterward, all sub‐block images are reconstructed using the TVAL3 algorithm. Each sample is capable of achieving uniform, excellent image quality. Image visual effects and evaluation indicators (PSNR and SSIM) are employed for the purpose of evaluating and analyzing the imaging effects of samples. Compared with two nonadaptive and two other adaptive imaging schemes, our proposed scheme has the characteristics of a high degree of automation, uniformly high‐quality imaging, and rapid imaging speed.Highlights
The proposed adaptive BCS method can address the issues of uneven image quality and slow imaging speed in AFM.
The appropriate sampling rate of each sub‐block of the sample can be obtained by BP neural network.
The introduction of GTV, Lu, and SD can effectively reveal the morphological features of AFM images.
Seven samples with different morphology are used to test the performance of the proposed adaptive algorithm.
Practical experiments are carried out with two samples to verify the feasibility of the proposed adaptive algorithm.
Point‐of‐care ultrasound for Lemierre's syndrome during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A case report
Authors: Kawai Yosuke , Nishiyama Kei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLemierre's syndrome is a fatal condition characterized by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein (IJV). Early diagnosis of Lemierre's syndrome in primary care remains challenging because of its rarity and common initial symptoms like fever and sore throat. The COVID‐19 pandemic has increased the difficulty of diagnosis, along with many diagnostic delays. Herein, we report a case in which an IJV thrombus was detected using point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS), leading to the diagnosis of Lemierre's syndrome. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, POCUS was a simple and noninvasive technique for screening Lemierre's syndrome without radiation and low droplet exposure.
Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and luteolin from dandelion as urease inhibitors: insights into the molecular interactions and inhibition mechanism
Authors: Li Yanni , Zou Hui , Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao , Chen Yilun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDDandelion contains hundreds of active compounds capable of inhibiting urease activity, but the individual compounds have not yet been fully identified, and their effects and underlying mechanisms are not clear. The present study aimed to screen the urease inhibition active compounds of dandelion by urease inhibitory activity evaluation HPLC‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis, their mechanism of urease inhibition by polyphenols was explored using enzyme kinetic studies via Lineweaver‐Burk plots. Other investigations included isothermal titration calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance sensing, fluorescence quenching experiments, and single ligand molecular docking and two‐ligand simultaneous docking techniques.RESULTSThe results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction of dandelion flower exhibited the greatest inhibition (lowest IC50 0.184 ± 0.007 mg mL−1). Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and luteolin could be effective urease inhibitors that acted in a non‐competitive inhibition manner. Individually, chlorogenic acid could not only fast bind to urease, but also dissociate rapidly, whereas luteolin might interact with urease with the weakest affinity. The chlorogenic acid‐caffeic acid combination exhibited an additive effect in urease inhibition. However, the chlorogenic acid‐luteolin and caffeic acid‐luteolin combinations exhibited antagonistic effects, with the caffeic acid‐luteolin combination showing greater antagonism.CONCLUSIONThe present study reveals that chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and luteolin are major bioactive compounds for urease inhibition, indicating the molecular mechanisms. The antagonistic effects were observed between luteolin and chlorogenic acid/caffeic acid, and the interactions of the catalytic site and flap may account for the antagonistic effects. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Innovative hybrid strategy for quality improvement of Goji tea: ultrasonic–ethyl oleate pretreatment combined with heat pump drying
Authors: Wang Zhaokai , Ren Guangyue , Liu Wenchao , Duan Xu , Zhao Yike , Yuan Yunxia , Liu Gangtian , Zhang Hui , Wang Libo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDGoji berries, renowned for their nutritional benefits, are traditionally dried to extend shelf life and preserve quality. However, conventional drying methods often result in uneven drying, color loss and reduced rehydration capacity. This study investigates an innovative hybrid strategy combining ultrasonic–ethyl oleate (US+AEEO) pretreatment with heat pump drying (HPD) to enhance the drying process of Goji berries.RESULTSFresh Goji berries underwent US+AEEO pretreatment, which significantly disrupted the waxy layer, enhancing drying efficiency and water infiltration during rehydration. Compared to freeze drying (FD), HPD combined with US+AEEO pretreatment resulted in higher retention of total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in the Goji soaking soup. Specifically, the HPD‐US+AEEO samples exhibited the highest TPC and TFC levels, significantly outperforming FD samples. Additionally, the DPPH and ABTS antioxidant assays demonstrated higher scavenging activities in HPD‐US+AEEO samples. The rehydration kinetics revealed that HPD samples had a superior rehydration rate and final moisture content compared to FD samples. Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging analyses confirmed enhanced water distribution and higher mobility in HPD‐US+AEEO samples. Scanning electron microscopy indicated a more porous structure in US+AEEO‐treated samples, facilitating better water absorption and functional component retention.CONCLUSIONThe combination of US+AEEO pretreatment with HPD significantly improves the drying process of Goji berries, enhancing nutrient retention, color preservation and rehydration properties. This innovative drying method offers a promising solution for producing high‐quality dried Goji berries, benefiting both the food industry and health‐conscious consumers. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Diffractive Neural Network on a 3D Photonic Device for Spatial Mode Bases Mapping
Authors: Wang Jue , Wang Kangrui , Cai Chengkun , Fu Tianhao , Wang Jian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMode‐division multiplexing (MDM) techniques based on various spatial mode bases are of great significance in satisfying the demand for efficient capacity scaling. With the development of diverse MDM systems, the seamless connection and integration between them are particularly important. In this scenario, a laudable goal would be to implement flexible spatial mode bases mapping. To break the barrier between different MDM systems, a compact 3D photonic device based on diffractive neural network (DNN) is presented for mode bases mapping, transforming orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes into linearly polarized (LP) modes. Through simulations and experiments, a four‐layer optical neural network mode mapper (ONNMM) is successfully demonstrated, exhibiting its capability of mapping five orthogonal spatial modes between OAM and LP mode bases simultaneously. The ONNMM shows a vision for grooming MDM optical communications and interconnects, as well as other emerging applications enabled by intelligent 3D integrated compact devices.
Giver‐receiver discrepancy in decisions between probabilistic and regular gifts
Authors: Peng Peiru , Zeng Jianmin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrevious research has identified discrepancies between gift givers and receivers in their attitudes towards certain types of gifts, such as self‐improvement gifts. However, it remains unexplored whether there are divergent preferences between givers and receivers regarding probabilistic gifts (i.e., gifts involving probabilistic goods), despite the growing popularity of such goods. To address this gap, we conducted five studies. Study 1 revealed that when presented with a choice between probabilistic gifts and regular gifts, givers were less likely than receivers to select probabilistic gifts. This discrepancy was replicated in two contexts: vertical outcomes of probabilistic gifts (e.g., travel packages with varying prices) in Study 2, and horizontal outcomes of probabilistic gifts (e.g., T‐shirts with different patterns) in Study 3. Study 4 identified that this asymmetrical preference occurred due to different regulatory focus and perceptions of norm violations among individuals when engaging in gift giving. Givers exhibited a higher inclination towards prevention‐focused strategies, whereas receivers displayed a stronger preference for promotion‐focused strategies. Moreover, givers tend to significantly overestimate the extent to which receivers perceive probabilistic gifts as violating gifting norms. These disparities resulted in an asymmetrical preference for probabilistic gifts between givers and receivers. In Study 5, we found that consideration of creativity in gifting moderated the giver‐receiver asymmetrical preference for probabilistic gifts. Specifically, givers with heightened consideration of creativity were more likely to choose probabilistic gifts. These findings imply that gift givers could give greater consideration to probabilistic gifts, and marketers can capitalize on this by promoting probabilistic goods as viable gift options.
Point collocation with mollified piecewise polynomial approximants for high‐order partial differential equations
Authors: Alfarisy Dewangga , Zuhal Lavi , Ortiz Michael , Cirak Fehmi , Febrianto Eky 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe solution approximation for partial differential equations (PDEs) can be substantially improved using smooth basis functions. The recently introduced mollified basis functions are constructed through mollification, or convolution, of cell‐wise defined piecewise polynomials with a smooth mollifier of certain characteristics. The properties of the mollified basis functions are governed by the order of the piecewise functions and the smoothness of the mollifier. In this work, we exploit the high‐order and high‐smoothness properties of the mollified basis functions for solving PDEs through the point collocation method. The basis functions are evaluated at a set of collocation points in the domain. In addition, boundary conditions are imposed at a set of boundary collocation points distributed over the domain boundaries. To ensure the stability of the resulting linear system of equations, the number of collocation points is set larger than the total number of basis functions. The resulting linear system is overdetermined and is solved using the least square technique. The presented numerical examples confirm the convergence of the proposed approximation scheme for Poisson, linear elasticity, and biharmonic problems. We study in particular the influence of the mollifier and the spatial distribution of the collocation points.