bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerodynamic Crosswind Stability of a Regional Train Model
Authors: Diedrichs B 
Published: June 2010

This work compares aerodynamic results of crosswind stability obtained experimentally and numerically for a typical regional train model. The experimental work focuses attention on relatively high yaw angles of 30°, 41.5°, 50°, and 60°, whereas the numerical results are confined to 30° and 41.5° that are typically critical for regional trains. In particular, two vehicle models (VM1 and VM2) with different roof configurations are exploited numerically. VM1 has a flat roof with two boxy roof equipments. VM2 has a flat roof where the roof equipments are streamlined. The numerical work addresses the ability to resolve the flow field around the vehicles subjected to relatively high yaw angles with Reynolds average navier-stokes (RANS) and Delayed-Detached Eddy Simulation (D-DES) by employing the commercial code STAR-CD in conjunction with automatically generated polyhedral meshes of CCM+. High- and low-Reynolds meshes are exploited for this purpose. The massively separated flow, for the higher yaw angles, on the leeward side of the vehicles justifies the use of D-DES, where the results show good agreement with the experi-mental work. The results of RANS are fair, and the ability to predict the challenging lift force is again found to be problematic.
Automated Heart-Type Fatty Acid–Binding Protein Assay for the Early Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kim Yeongsic , Kim Hyunjung , Kim Soo-Young , Lee Hae Kyung , Kwon Hi Jeong , Kim Yong Goo , Lee Jehoon , Kim Hyung Min , So Byung Hak 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
We compared an automated quantitative heart-type fatty acid–binding protein (H-FABP) assay with other cardiac-marker assays to examine its usefulness as an early diagnostic marker of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Serum samples for cardiac troponin T (cTnT), creatine kinase-MB isozyme (CK-MB), myoglobin, and H-FABP were obtained from 64 patients with AMI and 53 patients with other conditions (control group). H-FABP was measured by using 2 immunoassays, the H-FABP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Biocheck, Foster City, CA) and the H-FABP latex turbidimetric immunoassay (LTIA; HBI, Anyang, Korea). Sensitivities of assays for cTnT, CK-MB, myoglobin, H-FABP (by ELISA), H-FABP (by LTIA), and electrocardiogram (ECG) for the diagnosis of AMI at hospital admission were 39.1%, 59.4%, 64.1%, 68.7%, 70.3%, and 54.7%, respectively. Specificities of cTnT, CK-MB, myoglobin, H-FABP (by ELISA), H-FABP (by LTIA), and ECG were 98.1%, 71.7%, 81.1%, 77.4%, 90.6%, and 92.5%, respectively. The automated H-FABP (by LTIA) is superior to cTnT, CK-MB, myoglobin, and H-FABP (by ELISA) tests for the diagnosis of AMI in patients admitted within 4 hours from the onset of chest pain.
PCR Assays Detect B-Lymphocyte Clonality in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Specimens of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Without Microdissection
Authors: Burack W. Richard , Laughlin Todd S. , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Spence Janice M. , Rothberg Paul G. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) was shown to be a B-cell malignancy using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) clonality studies of microdissected Reed-Sternberg cells. While methods for the detection of B-cell clonality could aid in the diagnosis of HL, microdissection is not practical in most clinical settings. We assessed the standardized BIOMED-2 IGH and IGK PCR primers for the detection of clonality using 50 consecutively diagnosed formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) classic HL specimens. Without microdissection, clonality was detected in 23 of 47 assessable cases. The IGK assay was significantly more sensitive than the IGH assay (18 vs 10 positive results). These data and 2 representative cases demonstrate that PCR-based B-cell clonality assays have usefulness when the histologic differential diagnosis of an FFPE specimen includes classic HL.
Increased expression of the oncogenic KLF6-SV1 transcript in human glioblastoma
Authors: Tchirkov Andrei , Sapin Vincent , Marceau Geoffroy , Chautard Emmanuel , Narla Goutham , Veronese Lauren , Friedman Scott , Khalil Toufic , Vago Philippe , Kemeny Jean-Louis , Verrelle Pierre 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background: Gliomas constitute the vast majority of primary central nervous system tumors in adults. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of these primary brain tumors. There is a need to define diagnostic and prognostic markers that may help to distinguish GBM from non-GBM tumors. The Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) gene has recently emerged as a promising candidate. The goal of our study was to determine if there is a link between KLF6 splice variants expression and different grades of gliomas.

Methods: Fifty-three primary gliomas tumor samples were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR for the total KLF6, wild-type and alternatively spliced (SV1) KLF6 mRNA.

Results: Compared to the non-GBM group, the GBM group had a 2.2-fold increase in the mean level of total KLF6 mRNA expression. GBM showed a 2.1-fold increase in the KLF6 splicing ratio. In addition, KLF6-SV1 mRNA expression levels were also 2.2-fold higher in the GBM group, suggesting that the increase in the KLF6 splicing ratio was due to increased expression of the KLF6-SV1 oncogenic splice variant.

Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that quantification of total and spliced forms of KLF6 may provide a new and useful supplementary molecular tool for grading glioma.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1167–70.
How Should Standards Be Set and Met?: On the Allocation of Regulatory Power in a Federal System
Authors: Lin C.-Y. Cynthia 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Regulation often takes the form of a standard that can be met through the implementation of any of a number of different policies. This paper examines how the authority to set the standard and the authority to choose the combination of policies to meet the standard should be allocated between a central government and local governments. In the context of the United States, for example, should standards regarding such public goods as the environment or education be set and implemented by the federal government, by individual state governments, or by both? Because decisions about setting and/or meeting the standard can be non-contractible, an incomplete contracting approach is used. A central finding is that "conjoint federalism" (the central government sets the standard while the local governments meet the standard), which is the regulatory structure often used in federations such as the United States and the European Union, can be the least efficient form, while a reverse form of delegation, in which local governments choose their own individual standards which the central government then decides how to collectively meet, can be the most efficient.
Excision of a congenital laryngeal cyst in a five-month-old dog via a lateral extraluminal approach
Authors: Cuddy Laura C. , Bacon Nicholas J. , Coomer Alastair R. , Jeyapaul Cynthia J. , Sheppard Barbara J. , Winter Matthew D. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Case Description—A 5-month-old neutered male Golden Retriever was evaluated because of moderate stridor, exercise intolerance, and dyspnea. The dog had been neutered 3 weeks previously, and the referring veterinarian identified a large fluid-filled swelling on the left lateral aspect of the larynx during anesthetic intubation for that surgery. The referring veterinarian drained fluid from the mass by use of needle centesis via the oral cavity, which resulted in temporary improvement in clinical signs; however, the clinical signs returned soon thereafter.
Clinical Findings—A large, soft, spherical mass was located between the left arytenoid and thyroid cartilages and axial to the left ceratohyoid bone, thus causing partial obstruction of the rima glottidis. Laryngoscopic examination, computed tomography (CT), and cytologic evaluation of aspirates performed before surgery; examination during surgery; and histologic evaluation of tissues following surgical excision confirmed the diagnosis of a laryngeal cyst.
Treatment and Outcome—Complete surgical excision was successfully performed via a lateral extraluminal approach to the larynx. One week after surgery, the dog coughed only occasionally. Twelve months after surgery, the owner reported that the dog was clinically normal with no recurrence of clinical signs, and laryngoscopic examination revealed no recurrence of the cyst or other pathological changes in the laryngeal region.
Clinical Relevance—Congenital laryngeal cysts are rarely reported in domestic animals. The information provided here described the CT appearance of a laryngeal cyst and the use of CT in diagnosis and surgical planning. Congenital laryngeal cysts can be resected via a lateral submucosal approach.
Thermal stability and electrochemical behaviour of Tetrakis-μ-benzoatodicopper(II)
Authors: Mohamadin Mohammad , Abdullah Norbani 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Copper(II) benzoate (CuB) was synthesized and structurally characterized to have a binuclear, paddle-wheel structure. The complex was found to be thermally stable up to 230°C, and underwent four stages of decomposition, loss of CO2, C6H6, CH3CH2-OCH2CH3 and some aliphatic unsaturated organic materials. The DSC curve shows two endotherms at 80.0°C and 230.0°C respectively, indicating that the initial weight loss can be attributed to solvated molecules and the starting of the major decomposition process, (shown in the TG analysis). Cyclic voltammetry studies in a mixed-solvent system of methanol and ethanoic acid (20:1 v/v) show three cathodic peaks, at −0.13 V, −0.35 V and −0.74 V, representing a step-wise electron transfer process, and two overlapping anodic peaks at +0.31 V and +0.46 V. The high value of ΔE ranging from 400 mV to 1200 mV indicates that the redox process is accompanied by an extensive structural reorganization of the complex in the solution creating a different geometrical environment around the central copper ion.
A glimpse of deductive systems in algebra
Authors: Buşneag Dumitru , Rudeanu Sergiu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe concept of a deductive system has been intensively studied in algebraic logic, per se and in connection with various types of filters. In this paper we introduce an axiomatization which shows how several resembling theorems that had been separately proved for various algebras of logic can be given unique proofs within this axiomatic framework. We thus recapture theorems already known in the literature, as well as new ones. As a by-product we introduce the class of pre-BCK algebras.
Complete classification of parallel Lorentz surfaces in neutral pseudo hyperbolic 4-space
Authors: Chen Bang-Yen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA Lorentz surface of an indefinite space form is called a parallel surface if its second fundamental form is parallel with respect to the Van der Waerden-Bortolotti connection. Such surfaces are locally invariant under the reflection with respect to the normal space at each point. Parallel surfaces are important in geometry as well as in general relativity since extrinsic invariants of such surfaces do not change from point to point. Recently, parallel Lorentz surfaces in 4D neutral pseudo Euclidean 4-space $$ \mathbb{E}_2^4 $$ and in neutral pseudo 4-sphere S 24 (1) were classified in [14] and in [10], respectively. In this paper, we completely classify parallel Lorentz surfaces in neutral pseudo hyperbolic 4-space H 24 (−1). Our main result states that there are 53 families of parallel Lorentz surfaces in H 24 (−1). Conversely, every parallel Lorentz surface in H 24 (−1) is obtained from the 53 families. As an immediate by-product, we achieve the complete classification of all parallel Lorentz surfaces in 4D neutral indefinite space forms.
Trap-assisted tunnelling current in MIM structures
Authors: Racko Juraj , Mikolášek Miroslav , Granzner Ralf , Breza Juraj , Donoval Daniel , Grmanová Alena , Harmatha Ladislav , Schwierz Frank , Fröhlich Karol 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
A new model is presented of current transport in Metal Insulator Metal (MIM) structures by quantum mechanical tunnelling. In addition to direct tunnelling through an insulating layer, tunnelling via defects present in the insulating layer plays an important role. Examples of the influence of the material and thickness of the insulating layer, energy distribution of traps, and metal work functions are also provided.
Acoustic heating produced in the thermoviscous flow of a Bingham plastic
Authors: Perelomova Anna 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
This study is devoted to the instantaneous acoustic heating of a Bingham plastic. The model of the Bingham plastic’s viscous stress tensor includes the yield stress along with the shear viscosity, which differentiates a Bingham plastic from a viscous Newtonian fluid. A special linear combination of the conservation equations in differential form makes it possible to reduce all acoustic terms in the linear part of of the final equation governing acoustic heating, and to retain those belonging to the thermal mode. The nonlinear terms of the final equation are a result of interaction between sounds and the thermal mode. In the field of intense sound, the resulting nonlinear acoustic terms form a driving force for the heating. The final governing dynamic equation of the thermal mode is valid in a weakly nonlinear flow. It is instantaneous, and does not imply that sounds be periodic. The equations governing the dynamics of both sounds and the thermal mode depend on sign of the shear rate. An example of the propagation of a bipolar initially acoustic pulse and the evolution of the heating induced by it is illustrated and discussed.
Apoptosis quantification at the respiratory epithelium level in asthma
Authors: Grigoraş Adriana , Grigoraş Constantin , Mihăescu Traian , Vereş Liliana , Cotuţiu Coriolan , Floarea-Strat Alina 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The „changes” occurring in the expression of the factors involved in the apoptotic chain at the level of the respiratory epithelium in asthma is still an unsolved issue. At this level an important role is played by the mitochondria and the factors that influence the membrane permeability, especially the Bcl-2 super family. The purpose of this study is to evaluate both the changes in the expression of the Bcl-2 and of the Bax proapoptotic factors at the respiratory epithelium level in 21 patients with bronchial asthma of different degrees of severity of disease (aaccording to GINA — Global Initiative For Asthma). To accomplish this, fragments of the bronchial mucosa were obtained through fiberbronchoscopy, being afterwords hystologically prepare in view of the immunomarking with anti Bcl-2 and anti-Bax antibodies. Microscopic examination revealed an important decrease in the level of proapoptotic factor Bcl-2 in patients with persistent severe forms of the disease and a significant decrease in the expression of the proapototic Bax factor at the respiratory epithelium level even in the early stages of the disease. Knowing all the factors involved in apoptosis at the respiratory epithelium level in bronchial asthma, as well as of their expression changes will be at the core of new therapeutical approaches to of this disease.
Hospitalized pandemic influenza A (H1N1) patients in a university hospital
Authors: Metan Gokhan , Bozkurt Ilkay , Agkus Cigdem , Coskun Ramazan , Alp Emine , Sungur Murat , Aygen Bilgehan , Doganay Mehmet 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical features of hospitalized patients with the pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus infection in a tertiary care hospital in Central Anatolia, Turkey. The patients, all over 16 years of age and hospitalized for influenza-like symptoms between 1 November 2009 and 31 December 2009, were retrospectively identified from the records of the Infectious Diseases Department. Eighty patients whose diagnoses were confirmed by real-time PCR were included in this study. The median age of the patients was 27 years; 41 of them were male. Thirty-seven of the patients had a radiologically proven pneumonia. Eighteen of 37 (48.6%) patients with pneumonia had an underlying co-morbid medical condition, and 14 required intensive care unit admission. Patients with pneumonia had higher levels of C-reactive protein. All patients but one received oseltamivir treatment. Six patients with pneumonia received only antiviral therapy, while 31 of the patients with pneumonia received concomitant antibiotic therapy. Three patients who required mechanical ventilatory support died due to respiratory insufficinency. Although our study implicates the later periods of the pandemic, there were no significant differences for patients’ characteristics between our study and previous reports from the countries where the pandemic first occurred.
A deuterium-palladium electrode as a new sensor in non-aqueous solutions: potentiometric titration of weak acids in acetonitrile and benzonitrile
Authors: Pantić Ivan , Mihajlović Ranđel , Mihajlović Ljiljana 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA deuterium-palladium electrode was employed as a new indicator electrode for the titration of weak acids in acetonitrile and benzonitrile. The investigated electrode showed a linear dynamic response for p-toluenesulfonic acid in the concentration range from 0.001 M to 0.1 M with a Nernstian slope of 48 mV in acetonitrile. Sodium methylate, potassium hydroxide and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide proved to be very suitable titrating agents for these titrations. The response time was less than 10-11 s and the lifetime of the electrode was limitless. Advantages of the electrode are: long-term stability, fast response, reproducibility, easy preparation and low cost.
ZnO nanorods catalyzed N-alkylation of piperidin-4-one, 4(3H)-pyrimidone, and ethyl 6-chloro-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-4-phenylquinoline-3-carboxylate
Authors: Roopan Selvaraj , Khan Fazlur 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn efficient ligand-free cross-coupling reaction of 2-chloro-3-(chloromethyl)benzo[h]quinoline with N-heterocycles such as piperidin-4-one, 4(3H)-pyrimidone, and ethyl 6-chloro-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-4-phenylquinoline-3-carboxylate using a catalytic amount of ZnO nanorods as a recyclable catalyst and KOH as the base in DMSO under reflux at 110°C is reported.
Factors influencing aggregation behavior of poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer in mixed solvents
Authors: Zhu Guo-Quan , Wang Fa-Gang , Liu Yu-Ying , Gao Qiao-Chun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPoly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PBLG-graft-PEG) copolymer was synthesized by the ester exchange reaction of PBLG homopolymer with mPEG. Aggregation behavior of the PBLG-graft-PEG copolymer in mixtures of ethanol and chloroform was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and viscometry. Effects of the polymer solution concentration, grafting degree, test temperature, and chloroform content on the morphology, average particle diameter, and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the micelles formed by the PBLG-graft-PEG copolymer in the mixed solvents were mainly studied. It was revealed that the PBLG-graft-PEG copolymer can self-assemble into polymeric micelles with a core-shell structure in various shapes depending on the preparation conditions.
Photoluminescence and photoconductive characteristics of hydrothermally synthesized ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Mishra S.K. , Srivastava R.K. , Prakash S.G. , Yadav R.S. , Panday A.C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn the present paper, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) with particle size of 20–50 nm have been synthesized by hydrothermal method. UV-visible absorption spectra of ZnO nanoparticles show absorption edge at 372 nm, which is blue-shifted as compared to bulk ZnO. Photoluminescence (PL) and photoconductive device characteristics, including field response, light intensity response, rise and decay time response, and spectral response have been studied systematically. The photoluminescence spectra of these ZnO nanoparticles exhibited different emission peaks at 396 nm, 416 nm, 445 nm, 481 nm, and 524 nm. The photoconductivity spectra of ZnO nanoparticles are studied in the UV-visible spectral region (366–691 nm). In spectral response curve of ZnO NPs, the wavelength dependence of the photocurrent is very close to the absorption and photoluminescence spectra. The photo generated current, Ipc = (Itotal - Idark) and dark current Idc varies according to the power law with the applied field IpcαVr and with the intensity of illumination IpcαIL r, due to the defect related mechanism including both recombination centers and traps. The ZnO NPs is found to have deep trap of 0.96 eV, very close to green band emission. The photo and dark conductivities of ZnO NPs have been measured using thick film of powder without any binder.
Second Language Learning in a ‘Community of Practice’: A Case Study of Adult Japanese Learners
Authors: Haneda Mari 
Published: June 2010

This paper examines adult students learning Japanese as a foreign language (JFL) in a university course. It explores the relevance of Lave and Wenger's (1991) notion of community of practice (COP) in a foreign-language setting. The portfolio project described in this paper was introduced to investigate the forms of interaction that characterized the COP in this multilevel class. Drawing on audiotaped data from student-teacher conferences and the students' sharing sessions, this paper focuses on the experiences of three students and provides illustrative examples of the way in which the COP was instantiated in the classroom. Although the characteristics of learning in this JFL classroom identified in the data fit Lave and Wenger's description of a community of practice, the analysis revealed that this notion needs to be extended to account for the significant role of the teacher and of more capable peers in enabling the students to learn in their zones of proximal development (Vygotsky, 1978, 1987).
L'évaluation du français des jeunes Anglo-montréalais par leurs pairs francophones
Authors: Thibault Pierrette , Sankoff Gillian 
Published: June 2010

La recherche dont les résultats sont discutés ici porte sur l'analyse des réactions de 116 étudiants2 montréalais francophones à des voix enregistrées d'anglophones s'exprimant en français. L'approche adoptée est celle de la technique du » matched guise « où des jugements sont portés sur des voix transformées en divers accents. Dans notre cas, il s'agit plutôt de variation stylistique entre la lecture et la conversation spontanée. Nous voulions principalement savoir quelles caractéristiques linguistiques inter-venaient dans les jugements de compétence et de conformité aux attentes des francophones par rapport, entre autres, au marché du travail. Il apparaît que pratiquement toutes les variables linguistiques considérées (14) sont fortement corrélées avec les jugements de compétence. Par ailleurs, les segments lus et parlés d'un même locuteur sont jugés similairement, ce qui suggère à la fois la grande importance des caractéristiques articulatoires et prosodiques et le caractère non discriminant des fautes de grammaire.