bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein kinase C epsilon‐dependent extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 5 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation involved in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with angiotensin II stimulation
Authors: Zhao Zhuo , Wang Wei , Geng Jing , Wang Liqi , Su Guohai , Zhang Yun , Ge Zhiming , Kang Weiqiang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAngiotensin II (Ang II) plays a critical role in hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes; however, the molecular mechanism, especially the signaling cascades, in cardiomyocytes remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the mechanism of Ang II in hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. Ang II rapidly stimulated phosphorylation of protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner via Ang II receptor‐1 (AT1). Furthermore, Ang II‐induced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) phosphorylation and translocation was mediated through a signal pathway that involves AT1 and PKCε, which resulted in transcriptional activation of myocyte enhancer factor‐2C (MEF2C) and hypertrophy. Consequently, inhibiting PKCε or ERK5 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly attenuated Ang II‐induced MEF2C activation and hypertrophy of rat cardiomyocytes. These data provide evidence that PKCε‐dependent ERK5 phosphorylation and nucleocytoplasmic traffic mediates Ang II‐induced MEF2C activation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. PKCε and ERK5 may be potential targets in the treatment of pathological vascular hypertrophy associated with the enhanced renin–angiotensin system. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 653–662, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ursolic acid overcomes Bcl‐2‐mediated resistance to apoptosis in prostate cancer cells involving activation of JNK‐induced Bcl‐2 phosphorylation and degradation
Authors: Zhang Yu‐xi , Kong Chui‐ze , Wang Lin‐hui , Li Jin‐yi , Liu Xian‐kui , Xu Bin , Xu Chuan‐liang , Sun Ying‐hao 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAndrogen‐independent prostate cancers express high levels of Bcl‐2, and this over‐expression of Bcl‐2 protects prostate cancer cells from undergoing apoptosis. Ursolic acid (UA) has demonstrated an anti‐proliferative effect in various tumor types. The aim of this study is to evaluate the difference between UA‐induced apoptosis in androgen‐dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP cells and androgen‐independent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP‐AI cells and to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the apoptosis. We found that UA treatment in vitro can effectively induce apoptosis in LNCaP and LNCaP‐AI cells. UA can overcome Bcl‐2‐mediated resistance to apoptosis in LNCaP‐AI cells. Intrinsic apoptotic pathways can be triggered by UA treatment because c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) is activated and subsequently provokes Bcl‐2 phosphorylation and degradation, inducing activation of caspase‐9. Although further evaluation is clearly needed, the present results suggest the potential utility of UA as a novel therapeutic agent in advanced prostate cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 764–773, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immature and mature megakaryocytes enhance osteoblast proliferation and inhibit osteoclast formation
Authors: Ciovacco Wendy A. , Cheng Ying‐Hua , Horowitz Mark C. , Kacena Melissa A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRecent data suggest that megakaryocytes (MKs) play a role in skeletal homeostasis. In vitro and in vivo data show that MKs stimulate osteoblast (OB) proliferation and inhibit osteoclast (OC) formation, thus favoring net bone deposition. There are several mouse models with dysregulated megakaryopoiesis and resultant high bone mass phenotypes. One such model that our group has extensively studied is GATA‐1 deficient mice. GATA‐1 is a transcription factor required for normal megakaryopoiesis, and mice deficient in GATA‐1 have increases in immature MK number and a striking increase in bone mass. While the increased bone mass could simply be a result of increased MK number, here we take a more in depth look at the MKs of these mice to see if there is a unique factor inherent to GATA‐1 deficient MKs that favors increased bone deposition. We show that increased MK number does correspond with increased OB proliferation and decreased OC formation that stage of maturation does not alter the effect of MKs on bone cell lineages beyond the megakaryoblast stage, and that GATA‐1 deficient MKs survive longer than wild‐type controls. So while increased MK number in GATA‐1 deficient mice likely contributes to the high bone mass phenotype, we propose that the increased longevity of this lineage also plays a role. Since GATA‐1 deficient MKs live longer they are able to exert both more proliferative influence on OBs and more inhibitory influence on OCs. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 774–781, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and phonon properties of nanosized Aurivillius phase of Bi2MoO6
Authors: Ma̧czka M. , Macalik L. , Hermanowicz K. , Kȩpiński L. , Hanuza J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNanosized crystallites Bi2MoO6 of a platelet shape were synthesized by a mild hydrothermal crystallization process. The effect of particle size on the structure and properties of Bi2MoO6 was studied by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, as well as Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopies. Moreover, temperature‐dependent Raman spectra were collected for bulk and nanocrystalline Bi2MoO6. These studies showed that the thickness of the smallest crystallites is about 8–11 nm. Raman and IR studies have revealed that the damping and the intensity of Raman and IR bands are significantly modified with decreasing particle size and temperature. Moreover, some bands experience significant shifts both towards lower and higher wavenumbers. The obtained results indicate that, similar to the isostructural Bi2WO6, the orthorhombic distortion decreases with decreasing particle size. However, the structure of nanocrystalline Bi2MoO6 remains orthorhombic and noncentrosymmetric, and the structural changes are not the same as those observed in Bi2WO6. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] as Strengthening Agent in Paper: Dynamic Mechanical Characterization
Authors: Vesterinen Arja‐Helena , Rich Jaana , Myllytie Petri , Laine Janne , Seppälä Jukka 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTo enhance adhesion properties of PEO on wood fibers, block polymers of PEO and 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate were synthesized. The polymers were further modified to obtain strongly cationic species. The resulting polymers were used as additives in paper sheets. Papers were studied by DMA in a controlled‐humidity chamber. Addition of the PEO block co‐polymers enhanced paper strength. The strength of the paper sheets was highest when polymer with molecular weight of 400 kg · mol−1 was used as an additive. Highly cationic block co‐polymers increased moduli of paper sheets more than their weakly cationic analogs, which indicated strong interaction with fiber surfaces. Strength of the paper sheets decreased both with increased temperature and humidity.magnified image
Fabrication, Assembly, and Application of Patchy Particles
Authors: Pawar Amar B. , Kretzschmar Ilona 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe site‐specific engineering of colloidal surfaces has provided a powerful approach to pushing the boundaries of today's materials research. The resulting surface‐anisotropic and patchy particles have become the center of vital research areas, ranging from the need for large‐scale fabrication techniques to exploring new applications of these materials. This Review summarizes patchy particle fabrication techniques, including but not limited to particle and nanosphere lithography and glancing‐angle deposition. The variety of existing patchy particle fabrication techniques is revealed and the need for a scalable approach to high‐volume patchy particle production is identified. Ongoing modeling efforts describing patchy particle interactions and properties are reviewed as potential predictive tools. Research endeavors that deal with the directed assembly of patchy particles in electric and magnetic fields, as well as with supraparticular assembly through chemical interactions, are discussed. The Review is concluded with a note on the future application of patchy particles as phoretic motors.magnified image
In situ Photopolymerization of a Gel Ionic Liquid Electrolyte in the Presence of Iodine and Its Use in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Winther‐Jensen Orawan , Armel Vanessa , Forsyth Maria , MacFarlane Douglas R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe report for the first time an in situ photopolymerization of model co‐monomers, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and tetra (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (TEGDA), in an IL electrolyte containing I2 for DSSCs. TiO2 nanoparticles were used as the photo‐initiator and co‐gelator in a charge transfer polymerization reaction. The gel‐IL polymer obtained was characterized in terms of the diffusion properties of the electrolyte. Preliminary results from DSSCs assembled using the gel‐IL electrolyte showed energy conversion efficiency of 3.9% at 1 sun (AM1.5) and 5.0% at 0.39 sun illumination.magnified image
Neuropsychological functioning of children treated with intensive chemotherapy followed by myeloablative consolidation chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic cell rescue for newly diagnosed CNS tumors: An analysis of the Head Start II survivors
Authors: Sands Stephen A. , Oberg Jennifer A. , Gardner Sharon L. , Whiteley Jennifer A. , Glade‐Bender Julia L. , Finlay Jonathan L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the neuropsychological late effects amongst survivors treated on the Head Start II protocol between 1997 and 2003.ProceduresForty‐nine patients (mean age 2.9 years) diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor underwent baseline neuropsychological assessment prior to autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AuHCT). Twenty‐six survivors were retested after 3 years of follow‐up as 20 patients did not survive. Patients were evaluated for intelligence, academic achievement, receptive language, visual‐motor integration (VMI), learning/memory, social‐emotional and behavioral functioning based upon age at testing.ResultsOverall intelligence and VMI at baseline were low average while verbal and non‐verbal intelligence, academic achievement, and receptive vocabulary were in average range. Parents reported social‐emotional and behavioral functioning within normal limits. Serial testing revealed Full Scale (FSIQ)/Mental Development Index (MDI), Verbal (VIQ), and Performance (PIQ) Intelligence to be generally stable over 3‐year follow‐up. Group‐average analysis at follow‐up demonstrated low average intelligence, academic achievement, receptive language, and VMI. Age at diagnosis was positively correlated with internalizing symptoms and visual immediate memory, while time since diagnosis was inversely correlated with FSIQ, VIQ, PIQ, reading and delayed verbal memory. Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) was avoided in two‐thirds of patients.ConclusionInduction, with or without intensification using intravenous methotrexate, followed by myeloablative consolidation chemotherapy with AuHCT, may avoid or delay CSI, with possible stabilization of neuropsychological functioning, including those younger at diagnosis. Continued follow‐up is necessary to determine the preservation of neuropsychological, academic, social‐emotional and behavioral functioning. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:429–436. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neonatal cholestasis and glucose‐6‐P‐dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Kordes Uwe , Richter Andrea , Santer Rene , Schäfer Hansjörg , Singer Dominique , Sonntag Josef , Steuerwald Ulrike , Schneppenheim Reinhard , Janka Gritta 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe report a Caucasian neonate with chronic non‐spherocytic hemolytic anemia due to a class I G6PD deficiency. A novel mutation missense mutation in exon eight of the G6PD gene was detected (c.827C>T p.Pro276Leu). Bilirubin peaked on day 5 at 24 mg/dl with a conjugated bilirubin of 17 mg/dl. Jaundice resolved within 4 weeks. A detailed work‐up failed to reveal other specific factors contributing to cholestasis. Severe hemolytic disease of the newborn may cause cholestasis even in the absence of associated primary hepato‐biliary disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:758–760. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decision analysis to compare treatment strategies for Stage I/favorable histology Wilms tumor
Authors: Frazier A. Lindsay , Shamberger Robert C. , Henderson Tara O. , Diller Lisa 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundDecision analysis was used to clarify differences in survival and complication rates comparing surgery alone versus surgery plus chemotherapy for Stage I, favorable histology Wilms tumor patients.ProcedureA state transition model was used to simulate treatment with nephrectomy‐only, nephrectomy with adjuvant vincristine (VCR) or with vincristine plus dactinomcyin (NWTS Regimen EE4A). Rates of relapse and complications of therapy were obtained from the literature. In sensitivity analysis, the model was probed for the value(s) at which the treatment of choice changes.ResultsThe overall survival (OS) is essentially the same for patients treated with any of the three strategies (OSNephrectomy = 98.8%; OSEE4A = 98.8%; OSVCR = 98.6%). Rates of serious long‐term complications in the surviving population are also similar across treatment strategies (nephrectomy = 1.4%; VCR = 1.2%; EE4A = 0.3%). Both the progression and salvage rates after nephrectomy‐only would have to be much worse than expected for nephrectomy‐only to be an unacceptable strategy.ConclusionsThe differences in overall survival and rates of long‐term complications between the three different initial strategies were negligible in the model. Based on this analysis, it was decided by the Children's Oncology Group that it was acceptable to continue to include nephrectomy without adjuvant chemotherapy as an experimental arm of the low risk Wilms tumor protocol with stringent eligibility criteria and close follow‐up. Decision analysis can have a role in clinical trial design by making the tradeoffs between strategies more explicit. The robustness of these conclusions can be tested by widely varying the underlying assumptions. Pediatr Blood Cancer. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystal structure ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeSp1610, a putative tRNA methyltransferase, in complex withS‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine
Authors: Ta Hai Minh , Kim Kyeong Kyu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniaeSp1610, a Class‐I foldS‐adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)‐dependent methyltransferase, is a member of the COG2384 family in the Clusters of Orthologous Groups database, which catalyzes the methylation of N1‐adenosine at position 22 of bacterial tRNA. We determined the crystal structure of Sp1610 in the ligand‐free and the AdoMet‐bound forms at resolutions of 2.0 and 3.0 Å, respectively. The protein is organized into two structural domains: the N‐terminal catalytic domain with a Class I AdoMet‐dependent methyltransferase fold, and the C‐terminal substrate recognition domain with a novel fold of four α‐helices. Observations of the electrostatic potential surface revealed that the concave surface located near the AdoMet binding pocket was predominantly positively charged, and thus this was predicted to be an RNA binding area. Based on the results of sequence alignment and structural analysis, the putative catalytic residues responsible for substrate recognition are also proposed.
Comparison of human solute carriers
Authors: Schlessinger Avner , Matsson Pär , Shima James E. , Pieper Ursula , Yee Sook Wah , Kelly Libusha , Apeltsin Leonard , Stroud Robert M. , Ferrin Thomas E. , Giacomini Kathleen M. , Sali Andrej 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSolute carriers are eukaryotic membrane proteins that control the uptake and efflux of solutes, including essential cellular compounds, environmental toxins, and therapeutic drugs. Solute carriers can share similar structural features despite weak sequence similarities. Identification of sequence relationships among solute carriers is needed to enhance our ability to model individual carriers and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of their substrate specificity and transport. Here, we describe a comprehensive comparison of solute carriers. We link the proteins using sensitive profile–profile alignments and two classification approaches, including similarity networks. The clusters are analyzed in view of substrate type, transport mode, organism conservation, and tissue specificity. Solute carrier families with similar substrates generally cluster together, despite exhibiting relatively weak sequence similarities. In contrast, some families cluster together with no apparent reason, revealing unexplored relationships. We demonstrate computationally and experimentally the functional overlap between representative members of these families. Finally, we identify four putative solute carriers in the human genome. The solute carriers include a biomedically important group of membrane proteins that is diverse in sequence and structure. The proposed classification of solute carriers, combined with experiment, reveals new relationships among the individual families and identifies new solute carriers. The classification scheme will inform future attempts directed at modeling the structures of the solute carriers, a prerequisite for describing the substrate specificities of the individual families.
Approaches to efficient production of recombinant angiogenesis inhibitor rhVEGI‐192 and characterization of its structure and antiangiogenic function
Authors: Chen Xu , Wu Jueheng , Liu Hanning , He Zhenjian , Gu Minghui , Wang Ning , Ma Jianda , Hu Jieping , Xia Lei , He Haipeng , Yuan Jie , Li Jun , Li Luyuan , Li Mengfeng , Zhu Xun 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMethods to prepare pure, bioactive recombinant human vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (rhVEGI), a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis potentially applicable in antiangiogenic cancer therapy, are in urgent demand for preclinical investigation as well as future clinical trials of the protein. Here, we report expression and purification of rhVEGI‐192, a recombinant VEGI isoform, comparatively using host strains BL21 (DE3) pLysS and Origami B (DE3) with IPTG‐induction and autoinduction techniques. Our study identified that a combined use of Origami B (DE3) strain and autoinduction expression system gave rise to a high yield of purified rhVEGI‐192 at 105.38 mg/L culture by immobilized‐metal affinity chromatography on Ni‐NTA column. The antiangiogenic activity was effectively restored after the insoluble fractions being dissolved in 8M urea and subsequently subjected to a gradient‐dialysis refolding process. Functional tests demonstrated that the purified rhVEGI‐192 potently inhibited endothelial growth, induced endothelial apoptosis and suppressed neovascularization in chicken chorioallantoic membrane, indicating that the developed method allows preparation of rhVEGI‐192 with high yield, solubility, and bioactivity. Most importantly, our study also demonstrates that VEGI‐192 is capable of forming polymeric structure, which is possibly required for its antiangiogenic activity.
Interfacial resistive switching properties in Ti/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/Pt sandwich structures
Authors: Liu X. J. , Li X. M. , Wang Q. , Yang R. , Cao X. , Yu W. D. , Chen L. D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLa0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (LCMO) films with and without in situ oxygen annealing have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition. After depositing Ti top electrodes (TEs) at room temperature, both the Ti/LCMO/Pt structures show a reversible, nonlinear, and hysteretic current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. The switching ratio between high and low resistance state is significantly reduced by in situ oxygen annealing due to the decrease of oxygen vacancies in the surface of LCMO film. Moreover, the switching ratio is also significantly reduced by depositing Ti TEs at a higher temperature such as 200 °C. These results suggest that the oxidation/reduction reaction between the TiOx interlayer and the oxygen‐deficient LCMO layer plays a crucial role in the resistive switching of the Ti/LCMO/Pt structures. Furthermore, it is also suggested that the formation/rupture of the conductive filament paths in the TiOx interlayer by the electrochemical migration of oxygen is responsible for the anomalous changes of current and the large hysteresis in the I–V curves.
Role of boron and (√3 × √3)‐B surface defects on the growth mode of Si on Si(111): A photoemission and electron diffraction study
Authors: Fissel Andreas , Krügener Jan , Schwendt Dominik , Osten H. Jörg 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe influence of boron on Si molecular beam epitaxy was investigated as function of coverage and temperature by reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The development of the boron‐covered Si surface was studied additionally by ultraviolet photo electron spectroscopy (UPS) as function of boron coverage (cB) and annealing condition. We found a direct correlation between the appearance of surface states in UPS and the transient growth behaviour observed in RHEED. For cB > 0.4 monolayer (ML) regular RHEED oscillations occur with a period typically for two bilayers (BLs), whereas for lower cB a transient behaviour with irregular intensity oscillations was observed in the initial growth stages. The appearance of this transient behaviour is discussed in terms of an initial surface defect‐induced nucleation of BL‐high Si islands and the formation of two BLs‐high Si islands on top of the van der Waals‐like perfect boron‐covered surface, respectively. The occurrence of surface defects for cB < 0.6 ML is clearly established in UPS measurements, where an intensity peak slightly below the Fermi level (−0.4 eV) was visible. We suggest that this surface defect level is related to Si adatom dangling bonds acting also as preferential nucleation centres in epitaxy. Furthermore, surface defects results in a significant Fermi level pinning.
Laplace Meyer–Neldel relation
Authors: Okamoto Hiroaki , Sobajima Yasushi , Toyama Toshihiko , Matsuda Akihisa 
Published: January 2010

AbstractUniversal Meyer–Neldel (MN) relations in the reciprocal temperature domain are derived on the basis of Laplace transform representation of thermally activated quantities, by a mathematical analogy to the generalized Kramers–Kronig relations in the frequency domain. We concern the circumstances that allow the MN rule to be experimentally observed in realistic physical systems within the context of the Fano resonant‐transition model incorporating Yelon's multi‐excitation concept.
3D‐Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationships: Investigation of Steric Effects with Descriptors Directly from 3D Structures Using a Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) Approach
Authors: Kim Ki Hwan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe applicability of the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) method to describe the steric effects in 3D quantitative structure‐activity relationships (QSAR) has been investigated. Molecular fields calculated with a methyl probe produced significant correlations with excellent cross‐validation. These correlations are compared with the correlations of Es, STERIMOL parameter, and molecular volume (MV) in traditional QSAR. The results indicate that the CoMFA treatment of steric effects using a methyl probe is adequate for describing both the bulk and “steric” effects in 3D‐QSAR studies.