bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate Implant Placement in Fresh Mandibular Molar Extraction Socket: 8-Year Results. A Case Report
Authors: Zafiropoulos Gregory-George , Kasaj Adrian , Hoffmann Oliver 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Recently, successful implant placement in fresh extraction sockets has been reported. In this case report, we present the results of an immediate implant placement in a fresh extraction socket of a mandibular molar with simultaneous bone regeneration using a nonresorbable membrane and no other graft materials. Clinical and radiographic findings acquired 8 years after implant placement demonstrated a stable peri-implant situation and confirmed a satisfactory treatment result.
Multidisciplinary Treatment for a Young Patient With Severe Maxillofacial Trauma From a Snowmobile Accident: A Case Report
Authors: Yamano Seiichi , Nissenbaum Mark , Dodson Thomas B. , Gallucci German O. , Sukotjo Cortino 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This clinical report describes the oral rehabilitation of a 15-year-old male patient who was involved in a snowmobile accident and suffered multiple mid-face and mandibular fractures. Consequences of the accident included avulsion of teeth numbers 5 to 10 and 21 to 26, and a significant amount of maxillary and mandibular anterior alveolar bone loss. The patient underwent open reduction and rigid fixation of the fractured left zygoma, comminuted LeFort I maxillary fracture, and left body of the mandible; closed reduction of the bilateral condylar fractures; autologous corticocancellous bone grafting to the maxilla and mandible; implant placement; and prosthesis fabrication. This multidisciplinary approach successfully restored function and esthetics.
Continuous Bupivacaine Infusion in Iliac Bone Graft Donor Sites to Minimize Pain and Hospitalization
Authors: Sbitany Hani , Koltz Peter F. , Waldman Jeremy , Girotto John A. 
Published: April 2010

Purpose To assess the efficacy of continuous bupivacaine infusion at the iliac crest donor site in reducing postoperative pain and inpatient hospital stay. Methods Forty consecutive cleft lip/palate patients who underwent alveolar bone grafting at a single institution between 2003 and 2008 were identified, and their charts were retrospectively reviewed. Opioid analgesic use, self-reported pain indices, and length of hospital stay were analyzed. Comparisons were made between those patients who received a bupivacaine infusion pump at the iliac crest harvest site and those who did not. Results Twenty patients underwent iliac crest bone graft harvest followed by intraoperative placement of a continuous 0.25% bupivacaine infusion pump, and 20 were managed primarily with postoperative intravenous and parenteral analgesics. There were no statistically significant differences in demographics between the two cohorts. Those patients receiving continuous bupivacaine had a decreased length of hospital stay (mean, 2.9 versus 1.4 days; p = .0077), a statistical trend toward decreased opioid use ( p = .032), and a lower average subjective pain score on the day of surgery ( p = .0058). Conclusion There is a significant decrease in the length of hospitalization when using a continuous local infusion pump to deliver bupivacaine to the iliac crest following bone graft harvest. The pump is tolerated by patients and carries little morbidity. As such, the benefit of reduced cost from a reduced hospital stay is worthwhile. Continuous bupivacaine infusion is recommended for the iliac crest donor site.
Proverb Familiarity in the United States: Cross-Regional Comparisons of the Paremiological Minimum
Authors: Haas Heather A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Despite recent calls for establishing a paremiological minimum for the United States, there has been little systematic empirical attention devoted to the issue of proverb familiarity in this country or to the possibility that geographic differences might preclude establishing a single paremiological minimum that would be equally representative of proverb familiarity in diverse regions around the country. This article reviews the call for establishing a paremiological minimum for the United States and the relevant efforts to date. The article then summarizes the results of a study of proverb familiarity among college students in four different regions of the United States, presenting results from both a proverb familiarity rating task and a proverb generation task. These data make it possible to determine the relative familiarity of several hundred proverbs and to assess the possibility that familiarity with these proverbs varies across regions. The success of this approach is evidence that this type of nomothetic and quantitative analysis of folkloric material can be a useful complement to performance-oriented research. For example, the results suggest some limits to the verisimilitude of people’s intuitions as to the currency and familiarity of proverbial texts, as proverbs often listed as "common" were sometimes shown to be relatively unfamiliar (at least to contemporary college students). Further, although statistical analyses of the data did reveal that there may be some difference in absolute levels of familiarity across regions, it was also clear that the relative familiarity of various proverbs nonetheless shows strong stability from one region to another. In general, then, the data presented here provide clear evidence that proverbs familiar in one region of the United States can generally be expected to be familiar in other regions as well; this finding suggests that a truly national paremiological minimum may well be achievable.
Gallo Pinto: Tradition, Memory, and Identity in Costa Rican Foodways
Authors: Preston-Werner Theresa 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This article traces the social history of "gallo pinto" (rice and beans) in Costa Rica in order to unpack the meaning of this innocuous marker of southern Costa Rican identity. Southern Costa Ricans describe pinto as a traditional food, yet they reject its possible origin in Afro-Costa Rican culture. While Costa Ricans’ use of tradition, as word and concept, marks and thereby validates contemporary praxis, the concept simultaneously erases the African cultural heritage of a country that imagines itself as white. This case study demonstrates how multiple lines of evidence (personal interviews, journalistic and academic articles, literature, and institutionally sanctioned histories) can highlight the cleavage between local memory and history, and illuminate larger cultural issues.
Telling Treasure Tales: Commemoration and Consciousness in Dominica
Authors: Rose Deidre 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This article examines popular narratives of buried treasure collected in the Commonwealth of Dominica between August 1996 and May 2000. I will analyze these narratives in terms of what they might signify for their tellers, as members of Dominican society and possibly as the descendants of the Kalinago warriors who reclaimed treasures from Spanish ships passing near the island. A unifying theme of this article is that, whatever the "truth" of these stories, they function to create a sense of continuity through time, and create or reinscribe specific social and historical relations. They enable participants in the narrative to insert themselves and their ancestors into a popular version of Dominican history, one that extends to the precolonial era and focuses on Carib resistance to Spanish domination.
Humor, Unlaughter, and Boundary Maintenance
Authors: Smith Moira 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Some joke performances are meant to elicit differential responses-laughter from some, and unlaughter from salient others-and so serve as powerful methods for heightening group boundaries. This article illustrates this thesis by analyzing audience responses to practical jokes and to the Muhammad cartoons that aroused worldwide controversy in 2006. To further make this case, I will delineate a theory of the audience for humor. Such a theory has heretofore been largely missing from both folklore and humor scholarship; instead, the lion’s share of scholarly attention has gone to the performers, with the audience’s role taken for granted. In boundary-heightening humor, the audience response is the subject of special attention, and it is interpreted in terms of contemporary notions about the importance of having a sense of humor and especially of being able to laugh at oneself.
Constituting Folklore: A Case for Critical Folklore Studies
Authors: Gencarella Stephen Olbrys 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This article argues for the development of a critical folklore studies through an interweaving of folklore and rhetorical theory. Following paths set by Roger Abrahams, Kenneth Burke, and Antonio Gramsci decades ago, and drawing upon more recent contributions by Ernesto Laclau and rhetorical critics, it considers folklore as a constitutive rhetoric, the act of which establishes a "folk"--and their adversaries-as a political category. Identifying three articulations of critical folklore studies, it calls upon folklorists to intervene against (rather than strictly analyze) oppressive power formations through the production of overt criticism and related counterhegemonic practices.
Comment: Revisionism Avant la Lettre
Authors: Daniels Robert V. 
Published: April 2010

I guess I was a revisionist before anyone had ever heard the term used in its contemporary sense. When I embarked on Soviet studies, revisionism meant the democratic and gradualist revision of Marxism by Eduard Bernstein and his followers. That, of course, was heresy in the eyes of Marxist-Leninists, and “revisionism” became a familiar swearword in the Soviet lexicon.My own unwitting revisionism in the new sense of deviation from the Soviet studies mainstream really began with my participation in Michael Karpovich's seminar in Russian history in 1947. In my paper, “The Russian Proletariat as a Revolutionary Force in 1917,” I highlighted the Bolsheviks and the fabzavkomy, because that was where the published sources were.
Comment: Codes and Confessions
Authors: Getty J. Arch 
Published: April 2010

Sheila Fitzpatrick has provided a useful history of our field in recent times, and she has done so in a gracious and personally revealing way. She is perhaps the most prolific and influential member of the field, and her observations cannot help but be tasty food for thought, especially as they come to us without the bitterness and defensive spite to which she might be entitled.Here I would like to reflect on some of the reasons why I think the controversy became so angry, why it went beyond the bounds of normal academic dispute. And bitter it was. In addition to vilification in print, our universities received unsolicited tenure letters suggesting that we were incompetent and dangerous. Editors published angry unsolicited book reviews submitted by our critics. One editor continued to solicit readers' reports on an article I submitted until he finally got a negative one. With five reports, four to one in favor of publishing, he nevertheless rejected the piece. Sometimes you just cannot win.
Parity and the Association With Diabetes in Older Women
Authors: Fowler-Brown Angela G. , de Boer Ian H. , Catov Janet M. , Carnethon Mercedes R. , Kamineni Aruna , Kuller Lewis H. , Siscovick David S. , Mukamal Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE
To examine the relationship of parity with diabetes and markers of glucose homeostasis in older women.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used data from the female participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a longitudinal cohort of adults aged ≥65 years. These data included an assessment of parity (baseline) and fasting serum levels of glucose, insulin, and medication use (baseline and follow-up). We estimated both the cross-sectional relationship of parity with baseline diabetes and the relationship of parity with incident diabetes.

RESULTS
In unadjusted analyses, women with grand multiparity (≥5 live births) had a higher prevalence of diabetes at baseline compared with those with fewer births and with nulliparous women (25 vs. 12 vs. 15%; P &lt; 0.001). In regression models controlling for age and race, grand multiparity was associated with increased prevalence of diabetes (prevalence ratio 1.57 [95% CI 1.20–2.06]); with addition of demographic and clinical factors to the model, the association was attenuated (1.33 [1.00–1.77]). In final models that included body anthropometrics, the association was no longer significant (1.21 [0.86–1.49]). In those without diabetes at baseline, parity was not associated with incident diabetes or with fasting glucose; however, there was a modest association of parity with fasting insulin and homeostasis assessment model of insulin resistance.

CONCLUSIONS
Grand multiparity is associated with diabetes in elderly women in cross-sectional analyses. This relationship seems to be confounded and/or mediated by variation in body weight and sociodemographic factors by parity status. In older nondiabetic women, higher parity does not pose an ongoing risk of developing diabetes.
Social Inclusion: Policies and Practices in Nepal
Authors: Gurung Om 
Published: April 2010

Social inclusion is one of the most vibrant issues raised strongly by indigenous peoples, women, Madhesi, Dalits and other marginalized communities in Nepal. At present, this issue has been a political agenda among political leaders, a subject of academic discourse among intellectuals and a field of development priority among development practitioners. Given the fact that the present state is exclusionary, non-participatory and non-representative and discriminates against indigenous peoples, women, Madhesis, Dalits and other marginalized communities on the basis of caste, ethnicity, language, religion, sex, class and geographical territory, these marginalized peoples and communities are demanding for a inclusive state through its restructuring along the line of federalism on the basis of national regional autonomy. For this purpose the election of constituent assembly has served as a legitimate and democratic process in present day Nepal.DOI:	10.3126/opsa.v11i0.3027 Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.11 2009 1-15
Socio-Cultural Subjectivities of Landlessness in Nepal: A Case Study of Sarki People from Naubise VDC of Dhading District
Authors: Rai Jailab 
Published: April 2010

This study deals with the socio-cultural subjectivities of landlessness with a focus on the Sarki people in the central hills of Nepal who are among the extremely marginalized groups of people in terms of the access and ownership to land resources. It reviews the process of landlessness among the Sarki people and examines the social, economic and cultural process of the landlessness of Sarki people in the historical perspective. The paper is primarily based on a review of existing literature on the land resource distribution and management in Nepal supplemented by information obtained from a field study carried out during September to November 2007 at Naubise of Dhading district. The study has used both quantitative and qualitative information obtained from the field. DOI: 10.3126/opsa.v11i0.3028 Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.11 2009 16-37
Ethnography of <i>Jhapali Rajbanshis</i>
Authors: Shresta Keshav Kumar 
Published: April 2010

Nepal, despite being small in size, is a country with geographical and cultural diversities. The social system or structure of Nepal is based on the unity in diversity that integrates various caste, ethnic, religious, linguistic, and cultural groups. According to 2001 census, 102 types of caste/indigenous ethnic groups dwell in Nepal and 92 mother languages are spoken (C.B.S, 2002 :28-33). A comprehensive study about all the caste and indigenous ethnic groups dwelling in Nepal has not been conducted yet from the sociological and anthropological perspectives. Even today some minority ethnic groups are about to be extinct. Some even do not have the knowledge of their own cultural history. Such ethnic groups have begun to give up their ancestral cultures/traditions and adopt the customs of other castes/social groups and forget their own cultural history. DOI: 10.3126/opsa.v11i0.3029 Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.11 2009 38-47
Migration and its Implications on the Local Initiative of Management of Water Resource for Irrigation: Some Anthropological Observations from Western Terai
Authors: Uprety Laya Prasad 
Published: April 2010

This paper has been written with two-fold objectives as follows: (i) to analyze the trends and causes of in-migration in a traditional Tharu community of western Terai that triggered the intensification of the local culture of water resource management for irrigation in the expanded command areas, and (ii) to analyze the implications of in-migration on the local initiative of management of irrigation systems. DOI: 10.3126/opsa.v11i0.3030 Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.11 2009 48-66
Dependency and Underdevelopment: The Nepalese Context
Authors: Luitel Samira 
Published: April 2010

The World Bank report (1991) mentioned that "Nepal is one of the world's poorest countries. It ranks 115th in per capita GNP out of 120 countries. With respect to life expectancy, it ranks 103rd out of 118 reporting countries. It is one of the constellations of countries characterized by rapid population increase, low or negative per capita GDP growth and a slow transition out of a subsistence agricultural economy. It exhibits many of the characteristics of similar sub-Saharan African economies, including a limited productive land base, a land-locked location, and a very low level of exports." DOI: 10.3126/opsa.v11i0.3037 Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.11 2009 202-220
Malignant Melanoma of Upper Aerodigestive Tract
Authors: Sobin L. H. , Gospodarowicz M.K. , Wittekind Ch. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

The TNM system is used to describe and classify cancer stages and progression based on the assessment of three components:

T

The extent of the primary tumour

N

The absence or presence and extent of regional lymph node metastasis

M

The absence or presence of distant metastasis.

TNM classification for the above site is described under the following headings:

Rules for classification with the procedures for assessing T, N, and M categories; additional methods may be used when they enhance the accuracy of appraisal before treatment

Anatomical sites and subsites where appropriate

Definition of the regional lymph nodes

TNM Clinical classification

pTNM Pathological classification

G Histopathological grading

Stage grouping

Summary
Merkel Cell Carcinoma of Skin
Authors: Sobin L. H. , Gospodarowicz M.K. , Wittekind Ch. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

The TNM system is used to describe and classify cancer stages and progression based on the assessment of three components:

T

The extent of the primary tumour

N

The absence or presence and extent of regional lymph node metastasis

M

The absence or presence of distant metastasis.

TNM classification for the above site is described under the following headings:

Rules for classification with the procedures for assessing T, N, and M categories; additional methods may be used when they enhance the accuracy of appraisal before treatment

Anatomical sites and subsites where appropriate

Definition of the regional lymph nodes

TNM Clinical classification

pTNM Pathological classification

G Histopathological grading

Stage grouping

Summary
Sequential Monte Carlo methods for multi‐aircraft trajectory prediction in air traffic management
Authors: Lymperopoulos I. , Lygeros J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAccurate prediction of aircraft trajectories is an important part of decision support and automated tools in air traffic management. We demonstrate that by combining information from multiple aircraft at different locations and time instants, one can provide improved trajectory prediction (TP) accuracy. To perform multi‐aircraft TP, we have at our disposal abundant data. We show how this multi‐aircraft sensor fusion problem can be formulated as a high‐dimensional state estimation problem. The high dimensionality of the problem and nonlinearities in aircraft dynamics and control prohibit the use of common filtering methods. We demonstrate the inefficiency of several sequential Monte Carlo algorithms on feasibility studies involving multiple aircraft. We then develop a novel particle filtering algorithm to exploit the structure of the problem and solve it in realistic scale situations. In all studies we assume that aircraft fly level (possibly at different altitudes) with known, constant, aircraft‐dependent airspeeds and estimate the wind forecast errors based only on ground radar measurements. Current work concentrates on extending the algorithms to non‐level flights, the joint estimation of wind forecast errors and the airspeed and mass of the different aircraft and the simultaneous fusion of airborne and ground radar measurements. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition Reactions of 3‐Substituted Benzofuran‐2(3H)‐ones to Chalcones Catalyzed by a Chiral Alkyl‐Substituted Thiourea
Authors: Li Xin , Xi Zhiguo , Luo Sanzhong , Cheng Jin‐Pei 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA highly enantioselective Michael addition of 3‐substituted benzofuran‐2(3H)‐ones to chalcones catalyzed by a chiral bifunctional thiourea was developed. Several chiral 3,3′‐substituted benzofuran‐2(3H)‐ones derivatives, bearing adjacent quaternary‐tertiary stereocenters, were efficiently synthesized with excellent enantioselectivities.
An ethical hierarchy for decision making during medical emergencies
Authors: Lyden Patrick D. , Meyer Brett C. , Hemmen Thomas M. , Rapp Karen S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEvidence from well‐designed clinical trials may guide clinicians, reduce regional variation, and lead to improved outcomes. Many physicians choose to ignore evidence‐based practice guidelines. Using unproven therapies outside of a randomized trial slows recruitment in clinical trials that could yield information on clinical and economic efficacy. Using acute stroke therapy as an illustration, we present an ethical hierarchy for therapeutic decision making during medical emergencies. First, physicians should offer standard care. If no standard care option exists, the physician should consider enrollment in a randomized clinical trial. If no trial is appropriate, the physician should consider a nonrandomized registry, or consensus‐based guidelines. Finally, only after considering the first 3 options, the physician should use best judgment based on previous personal experience and any published case series or anecdotes. Given the paucity of quality randomized clinical trial data for most medical decisions, the “best judgment” option will be used most frequently. Nevertheless, such a hierarchy is needed because of the limited time during medical emergencies for consideration of general principles of clinical decision making. There should be general agreement in advance as to the hierarchy to follow in selecting treatment for critically ill patients. Were more clinicians to follow this hierarchy, and choose to participate in clinical trials, the generation of new knowledge would accelerate, yielding rigorous data supporting or refuting the efficacy and safety of new interventions more quickly, thus benefiting far more patients over time. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:434‐440