bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotopologue enrichment factors of N2O reduction in soils
Authors: Well R. , Flessa H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIsotopic signatures can be used to study sink and source processes of N2O, but the success of this approach is limited by insufficient knowledge on the isotope fractionation factors of the various reaction pathways. We investigated isotope enrichment factors of the N2O‐to‐N2 step of denitrification (ε) in two arable soils, a silt‐loam Haplic Luvisol and a sandy Gleyic Podzol. In addition to the ε of 18O (ε18O) and of average 15N (εbulk), the ε of the 15N site preference within the linear N2O molecule (εSP) was also determined. Soils were anaerobically incubated in gas‐tight bottles with N2O added to the headspace to induce N2O reduction. Pre‐treatment included the removal of NO to prevent N2O production. Gas samples were collected regularly to determine the dynamics of N2O reduction, the time course of the isotopic signatures of residual N2O, and the associated isotope enrichment factors. To vary reduction rates and associated fractionation factors, several treatments were established including two levels of initial N2O concentration and anaerobic pre‐incubation with or without addition of N2O. N2O reduction rates were affected by the soil type and initial N2O concentration. The ε18O and εbulk ranged between −13 and −20‰, and between −5 and −9‰, respectively. Both quantities were more negative in the Gleyic Podzol. The ε of the central N position (εα) was always larger than that of the peripheral N‐position (εβ), giving εSP of −4 to −8‰. The ranges and variation patterns of ε were comparable with those from previous static incubation studies with soils. Moreover, we found a relatively constant ratio between ε18O and εbulk which is close to the default ratio of 2.5 that had been previously suggested. The fact that different soils exhibited comparable ε under certain conditions suggests that these values could serve to identify N2O reduction from the isotopic fingerprints of N2O emitted from any soil. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doublecortin and CaM Kinase-like-1 and Leucine-Rich-Repeat-Containing G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Mark Quiescent and Cycling Intestinal Stem Cells, Respectively
Authors: May Randal , Sureban Sripathi M. , Hoang Nguyet , Riehl Terrence E. , Lightfoot Stan A. , Ramanujam Rama , Wyche James H. , Anant Shrikant , Houchen Courtney W. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
It is thought that small intestinal epithelia (IE) undergo continuous self-renewal primarily due to their population of undifferentiated stem cells. These stem cells give rise to transit amplifying (daughter/progenitor) cells, which can differentiate into all mature cell types required for normal gut function. Identification of stem cells in IE is paramount to fully understanding this renewal process. One major obstacle in gastrointestinal stem cell biology has been the lack of definitive markers that identify small intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Here we demonstrate that the novel putative ISC marker doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1 (DCAMKL-1) is predominantly expressed in quiescent cells in the lower two-thirds of intestinal crypt epithelium and in occasional crypt-based columnar cells (CBCs). In contrast, the novel putative stem cell marker leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor (LGR5) is observed in rapidly cycling CBCs and in occasional crypt epithelial cells. Furthermore, functionally quiescent DCAMKL-1+ crypt epithelial cells retain bromo-deoxyuridine in a modified label retention assay. Moreover, we demonstrate that DCAMKL-1 is a cell surface expressing protein; DCAMKL-1+ cells, isolated from the adult mouse small intestine by fluorescence activated cell sorting, self-renew and ultimately form spheroids in suspension culture. These spheroids formed glandular epithelial structures in the flanks of athymic nude mice, which expressed multiple markers of gut epithelial lineage. Thus, DCAMKL-1 is a marker of quiescent ISCs and can be distinguished from the cycling stem/progenitors (LGR5+). Moreover, DCAMKL-1 can be used to isolate normal small intestinal stem cells and represents a novel research tool for regenerative medicine and cancer therapy.
Purification and Characterization of a Radical Scavenging Peptide from Rapeseed Protein Hydrolysates
Authors: Zhang Shao Bing , Wang Zhang , Xu Shi Ying , Gao Xian Fu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe previously reported that crude rapeseed peptides (CRPs) and peptide fractions (RP25 and RP55) prepared from aqueous enzymatic extraction of rapeseed exhibited marked antioxidant activities, among which RP55 showed the most potent effects. In the present study, RP55 was further purified using consecutive chromatographic methods for identification of antioxidant peptides. The α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effects of peptides were measured at each purification step to evaluate the antioxidant activities. RP55 was first fractionated by anion‐exchange chromatography, and three fractions (E1, E2, and E3) were obtained. All of them showed significantly lower scavenging activities compared to RP55, which was very probably due to the remarkable loss of tannin during the separation. Next, the active fraction E2 with higher protein content was sequentially purified by gel filtration chromatography (GFC) and reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). The purified peptide, of which the median effective dose (ED50) value for DPPH radical scavenging was 0.063 mg/mL, was identified to be Pro‐Ala‐Gly‐Pro‐Phe (487 Da) using electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. The unique amino acid composition and sequence in the peptide might play an important role in expression of its antioxidant activity.
Impact of chronic inflammation on the pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic relationship of naproxen
Authors: Huntjens Dymphy R.H. , Spalding David J.M. , Danhof Meindert , Del la Pasqua Oscar E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectivesThe use of biomarkers for predicting the clinical doses of analgesic drugs relies on the understanding of the relationship between drug exposure and response under disease conditions. In this study, we demonstrate the relevance of such a relationship for COX‐inhibitors by modelling the effect of naproxen on prostaglandin E2and thromboxane B2in a chronic inflammation model in rats.Methods:Rats were treated with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) by intraplantar injection. On post‐inoculation days (PID) 7–21, animals received single or chronic (qd until day 21) doses of naproxen (10 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected at various intervals after dosing to characterise naproxen pharmacokinetics and its effects onandproduction. PK‐PD modelling was performed using nonlinear mixed effects in NONMEM.Results:The inhibition ofandcould be described by a sigmoidmodel. A decrease in the potency estimates of both biomarkers was observed under chronic inflammation, as compared to healthy animals.values forinhibition showed a shift fromto, whilstvalues forinhibition increased fromtoin healthy and FCA‐inoculated animals, respectively.Conclusions:Our results show that chronic inflammation causes a significant change in the potency estimates for COX‐inhibition. These findings illustrate the implications of pathophysiological processes on pharmacodynamics and consequently on the required exposure levels for achieving response during chronic treatment.
STABILITY OF HALF-LINEAR NEUTRAL STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH DELAYS
Authors: WU MENG , HUANG NAN-JING , ZHAO CHANG-WEN 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we study the mean square asymptotic stability of a generalized half-linear neutral stochastic differential equation with variable delays applying fixed point theory. An asymptotic mean square stability theorem with a necessary and sufficient condition is proved, which improves and generalizes some results due to Burton, Zhang and Luo. Two examples are given to illustrate our results.
COMBINATORIAL REES–SUSHKEVICH VARIETIES THAT ARE CROSS, FINITELY GENERATED, OR SMALL
Authors: LEE EDMOND W. H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA variety is said to be a Rees–Sushkevich variety if it is contained in a periodic variety generated by 0-simple semigroups. Recently, all combinatorial Rees–Sushkevich varieties have been shown to be finitely based. The present paper continues the investigation of these varieties by describing those that are Cross, finitely generated, or small. It is shown that within the lattice of combinatorial Rees–Sushkevich varieties, the set ℱ of finitely generated varieties constitutes an incomplete sublattice and the set 𝒮 of small varieties constitutes a strict incomplete sublattice of ℱ. Consequently, a combinatorial Rees–Sushkevich variety is small if and only if it is Cross. An algorithm is also presented that decides if an arbitrarily given finite set Σ of identities defines, within the largest combinatorial Rees–Sushkevich variety, a subvariety that is finitely generated or small. This algorithm has complexity 𝒪(nk) where n is the number of identities in Σ and k is the length of the longest word in Σ.
Hamburger high in total, saturated andtrans-fatty acids decreases HDL cholesterol and LDL particle diameter, and increases TAG, in mildly hypercholesterolaemic men
Authors: Adams Thaddeus H. , Walzem Rosemary L. , Smith Dana R. , Tseng Stephen , Smith Stephen B. 
Published: August 2009

The consumption of high-fat hamburger enriched with SFA andtrans-fatty acids may increase risk factors for coronary vascular disease, whereas hamburger enriched with MUFA may have the opposite effect. Ten mildly hypercholesterolaemic men consumed five, 114 g hamburger patties per week for two consecutive phases. Participants consumed high-SFA hamburger (MUFA:SFA = 0·95; produced from pasture-fed cattle) for 5 weeks, consumed their habitual diets for 3 weeks and then consumed high-MUFA hamburger (MUFA:SFA = 1·31; produced from grain-fed cattle) for 5 weeks. These MUFA:SFA ratios were typical of ranges observed for retail ground beef. Relative to habitual levels and levels during the high-MUFA phase, the high-SFA hamburger: increased plasma palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid and TAG (P < 0·01); decreased HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL particle diameter percentile distributions (P < 0·05); and had no effect on LDL cholesterol or plasma glucose (P>0·10). Plasma palmitoleic acid was positively correlated with TAG (r0·90), VLDL cholesterol (r0·73) and the LDL:HDL ratio (r0·45), and was negatively correlated with plasma HDL-C (r− 0·58), whereas plasma palmitic, stearic and oleic acids were negatively correlated with LDL particle diameter (allP ≤ 0·05). Because plasma palmitoleic acid was derived from Δ9 desaturation of palmitic acid in liver, we conclude that alterations in hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity may have been responsible the variation in HDL-C and TAG caused by the high-SFA and high-MUFA hamburgers.
Early introduction of oats associated with decreased risk of persistent asthma and early introduction of fish with decreased risk of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Virtanen Suvi M. , Kaila Minna , Pekkanen Juha , Kenward Michael G. , Uusitalo Ulla , Pietinen Pirjo , Kronberg-Kippilä Carina , Hakulinen Timo , Simell Olli , Ilonen Jorma , Veijola Riitta , Knip Mikael 
Published: August 2009

The evidence of the effect of the age at introduction of new foods during infancy on the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis is inconsistent and scarce. We set out to study these associations. A prospective birth cohort of infants with increased HLA-DQB1-conferred risk for type 1 diabetes was recruited in 1996–2000. The families completed at home a record on the age at introduction of new foods. Persistent asthma and allergic rhinitis were assessed at the age of 5 years with an International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood-type questionnaire. The Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were adjusted for parental asthma and allergic diseases, and several perinatal and sociodemographical factors. Out of the 1293 children, 77 (6·0 %) developed persistent asthma; and out of the 1288 children, 185 (14·4 %) developed allergic rhinitis by the age of 5 years. Early age at introduction of oats was associated with a reduced risk of persistent asthma (hazard ratio (HR; 95 % CI) for the first and mid-tertiles compared with the latest tertile was 0·36 (0·15, 0·85) and 0·37 (0·22, 0·62), respectively,P < 0·001). Early age at introduction of fish was dose dependently associated with a decreased risk of allergic rhinitis (HR (95 % CI) for the first and mid-tertiles compared with the latest tertile was 0·34 (0·22, 0·54) and 0·45 (0·28, 0·70), respectively,P < 0·001). The present finding that age at introduction of oats is inversely and independently associated with development of persistent asthma is novel. We confirmed the earlier observation that the age at introduction of fish is inversely related to the risk of allergic rhinitis. Clinical implications remain to be determined.
Dynamical properties of quasihyperbolic toral automorphisms
Authors: Lind D. A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe study the dynamical properties of ergodic toral autmorphisms that have some eigenvalues of modulus one. For such automorphisms, all sufficiently fine smooth partitions generate measurably, but never topologically, and are never weak Bernoulli. The points of period k become uniformly distributed exponentially fast, and Lipschitz functions mix exponentially fast. Every reasonably smooth compact null set has the property that there is a dense set of periodic points whose entire orbit misses the set, but this is false for general compact null sets. Katznelson's property of almost weak Bernoulli can be strengthened to a certain exponential rate of independence, but breaks down at a critical number. Finally, open sets have return times that decay exponentially fast.
Mid-term results, and therapeutic management, for patients suffering hypertension after surgical repair of aortic coarctation
Authors: Giordano Ugo , Cifra Barbara , Giannico Salvatore , Turchetta Attilio , Calzolari Armando 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe designed our study to investigate the efficacy of a new therapeutic approach to late onset hypertension in patients after surgical repair of aortic coarctation. Several studies have shown a higher incidence of hypertension during daily activities, and during exercise, in patients after surgical correction of coarctation. To the best of our knowledge, however, no data exists concerning haemodynamics, the response of arterial pressures, and the effects of medications for lowering blood pressure during exercise or during daily activities.We studied 128 patients, aged 15.6 ± 4.3 years, to determine the response of blood pressure as we administered treatment in the attempt to achieve a normotensive state. We excluded patient with associated cardiac abnormalities, apart from those with bicuspid aortic valves. We evaluated blood pressure at rest in both the right arm and leg to establish presence of any gradient, as well as the blood pressure in the arm during exercise testing, and by 24-hour ambulatory monitoring.Atenolol was prescribed for those with elevated values of blood pressure but with a normal increment of heart rate during exercise. We prescribed Candesartan for those with elevated levels of blood pressure but with reduced increments of heart rate, specifically maximal heart rates of less than 85% of their predicted value. Both drugs were used when one alone was not effective. We found that, in young patients, candesartan provided better control of blood pressure with no side-effects, especially as demonstrated using 24-hour ambulatory monitoring, while atenolol was less effective, with more side-effects. Our experience suggests that both drugs should be used in patients who are non-responsive to monotherapy.
Genetic screening of 104 patients with congenitally malformed hearts revealed a fresh mutation of GATA4 in those with atrial septal defects
Authors: Hamanoue Haruka , Rahayuningsih Sri Endah , Hirahara Yuya , Itoh Junko , Yokoyama Utako , Mizuguchi Takeshi , Saitsu Hirotomo , Miyake Noriko , Hirahara Fumiki , Matsumoto Naomichi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe analysed the GATA binding protein 4 gene, or GATA4, along with the NK2 transcription factor related, locus 5 gene, or NKX2.5, to determine their genetic contribution to 104 sporadic patients in Indonesia with congenitally malformed hearts, 76 cases having atrial septal defect and 28 tetralogy of Fallot. We found only 1 novel mutation of GATA4 in those with atrial septal defecst. Analysis of the genetic background of the parents of the patient showed for the first time that a new mutation of GATA4 can cause sporadic atrial septal defects. We failed to discover any other mutations of either the GATA4 or NKX2-5 genes, supporting the marked genetic heterogeneity of human congenital cardiac defects.
Catheter closure of an atrial septal defect in anatomically corrected malposition with left juxtaposition of atrial appendages
Authors: Sivakumar Kothandam 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAnatomically corrected malposition is characterized by concordant atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connection and parallel arrangement of arterial trunks. Left juxtaposition of the atrial appendages, a frequent association of this anomaly, alters the atrial septal plane. In this report, I describe the insertion of a device to close an atrial septal defect, as guided by transoesophageal echocardiography.
Totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection to superior caval vein after an intracytoplasmic injection of sperm
Authors: Pérez-Lescure Picarzo Javier , Crespo Marcos David 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe report the occurrence of non-obstructive totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the superior caval vein in a child conceived by intracytoplasmic injection of sperm, a type of assisted reproductive technology. Totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection is an uncommon congenital anomaly, in which all the pulmonary veins connect to the morphologically right atrium, or one of its tributaries. To our knowledge, this malformation has not been previously described in a child conceived on the basis of assisted reproductive technology.
An intrathoracic arteriovenous malformation discovered as an extremely uncommon reason of neonatal congestive cardiac failure
Authors: Hofmann Sigrun R. , Weise Matthias , Nitzsche Katharina I. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCongenital arteriovenous malformations are rare causes of congestive cardiac failure in neonates. The most common sites are in the head and liver, but other sites include the thorax, the abdomen and the limbs. The onset of failure is usually not in the immediate neonatal period, but later on in life, albeit that lesions such as the arteriovenous malformation of the vein of Galen, and other arteriovenous malformations in different locations which produce high flow can present early. We describe here the first case, to the best of our knowledge, of prenatal detection of an intrathoracic arteriovenous malformation producing neonatal cardiac failure, which was successfully treated by surgery postnatally.
Evolution of vertebrate glucokinase regulatory protein from a bacterial N-acetylmuramate 6-phosphate etherase
Authors: Veiga-da-Cunha Maria , Sokolova Tatiana , Opperdoes Fred , Van Schaftingen Emile 
Published: August 2009

Mammalian GKRP [GK (glucokinase) regulatory protein], a fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1-phosphate sensitive inhibitor of GK, appears to have resulted from the duplication of a gene similar to bacterial N-acetylmuramate 6-phosphate etherase MurQ. In the present study, we show that several genomes of primitive eukaryotes encode a GKRP-like protein with two MurQ repeats. Recombinant Haemophilus influenzae MurQ and the GKRP homologue of the amoeboflagellate Naegleria gruberi both behaved as excellent N-acetylmuramate 6-phosphate etherases, with Kcat values (83 and 20 s−1) at least as high as that reported for Escherichia coli MurQ. In contrast, rat and Xenopus GKRP displayed much lower etherase activities (Kcat=0.08 and 0.05 s−1 respectively). The etherase activity of rat GKRP was inhibited by ligands (fructose 6-phosphate, fructose 1-phosphate and sorbitol 6-phosphate) known to regulate its interaction with GK and by mutations affecting the binding of these phosphate esters. This indicated that these phosphate esters all bind to a single regulatory site, which evolved from the original catalytic site. Sorbitol 6-phosphate and other phosphate esters also inhibited the etherase activity of Xenopus GKRP, but did not affect its ability to inhibit GK. Thus, unlike what was previously thought, Xenopus GKRP has a binding site for phosphate esters, but this site is uncoupled from the GK-binding site. Taken together, these data indicate that duplication of the murQ gene led to a eukaryotic-type etherase, which subsequently evolved to GKRP by acquiring a new binding specificity while losing most of its etherase activity.
Does tenaculum application to the cervix during intrauterine insemination affect pregnancy rates?
Authors: BALCI OSMAN , ACAR ALI , COLAKOGLU MEHMET CENGIZ 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIntrauterine insemination (IUI) consists of sperm cell extraction from seminal plasma and artificial transfer into the uterine cavity. We investigated whether tenaculum application to the cervix during IUI affects pregnancy rates. A prospective study was done on 468 primary infertile women. Recombinant follicle stimulating hormone was used in ovulation induction. The women were divided randomly into Group 1 (n = 236) and Group 2 (n = 232) without and with tenaculum application to the cervix, respectively. After IUI, a five‐minute sagittal plane uterine ultrasound scan was done in all cases. Uterine contraction was recorded. The women were evaluated for pregnancy rates. Uterine contraction was significantly higher in Group 2 (p<0.001). In all, 24 patients in Group 1 (10.7%) and 38 in Group 2 (17.6%) achieved pregnancy (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.03–3.08; p = 0.038). Tenaculum application to the cervix increases immediate uterine contraction, but higher pregnancy rates may be obtained.
A possible association between maternal dyspepsia and congenital rectal/anal atresia/stenosis in their children: a population‐based case–control study
Authors: ÁCS NÁNDOR , BÁNHIDY FERENC , PUHÓ ERZSÉBET H. , CZEIZEL ANDREW E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives. To study the possible association of common dyspepsia including heartburn and gastro‐esophageal reflux disease and its related drug treatments in pregnant women with congenital anomalies (CAs) in their offspring. Design. Comparison of cases affected with different CAs and matched controls without defects in a ratio of 1:2 born to mothers affected with severe chronic dyspepsia in early pregnancy. Setting. Hungarian Case–Control Surveillance System of Congenital Abnormalities. Population. CAs were evaluated in informative offspring: live‐born infants, stillborn fetuses, and malformed fetuses after prenatal diagnosis followed by elective termination of pregnancy in the population‐based Hungarian material. Methods. Prospectively and medically recorded severe chronic dyspepsia recorded in the prenatal maternity logbook was compared among women who later delivered babies with different CAs (cases) and matched women who delivered newborns without any defect (controls). Main outcome measures. Different CAs, gestational age and birthweight, rates of preterm birth, and low birthweight newborns. Results. Of 22,843 cases with CAs, 148 (0.65%) had mothers with severe chronic dyspepsia, compared to 214 (0.56%) of 38,151 controls (adjusted OR with 95% CI = 1.2, 0.9–1.4). Specific groups of CAs assessed vs. controls showed that only isolated rectal/anal atresia/stenosis was associated with a higher risk of severe maternal dyspepsia in early pregnancy (adjusted OR with 95% CI: 4.3, 1.7–10.5). Conclusions. Severe chronic dyspepsia in early pregnancy and drug treatment for this was not associated with a higher risk of CAs, except possibly isolated rectal/anal atresia/stenosis.