bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From scientific practice to high school science classrooms: Transfer of scientific technologies and realizations of authentic inquiry
Authors: Waight Noemi , Abd‐El‐Khalick Fouad 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Biology Workbench (BW) is a web‐based tool enabling scientists to search a wide array of protein and nucleic acid sequence databases with integrated access to a variety of analysis and modeling tools. The present study examined the development of this scientific tool and its consequent adoption into the context of high school science teaching in the form of the Biology Student Workbench (BSW). Participants included scientists, programmers, science educators, and science teachers who played key roles along the pathway of the design and development of BW, and/or the adaptation and implementation of BSW in high school science classrooms. Participants also included four teachers who, with their students, continue to use BSW. Data sources included interviews, classroom observations, and relevant artifacts. Contrary to what often is advocated as a major benefit accruing from the integration of authentic scientific tools into precollege science teaching, classroom enactments of BSW lacked elements of inquiry and were teacher‐centered with prescribed convergent activities. Students mostly were preoccupied with following instructions and a focus on science content. The desired and actual realizations of BSW fell on two extremes that reflected the disparity between scientists' and educators' views on science, inquiry science teaching, and the related roles of technological tools. Research on large‐scale adoptions of technological tools into precollege science classrooms needs to expand beyond its current focus on teacher knowledge, skills, beliefs, and practices to examine the role of the scientists, researchers, and teacher educators who often are involved in such adoptions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 37–70, 2011
Influence of race and ethnicity on access to care among children with frequent ear infections
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil , Shapiro Nina L. , Vakharia Kalpesh T. 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVEDetermine the impact of racial/ethnic disparities on access to care for children with frequent ear infections (FEI). Identify disparities to target for intervention.STUDY DESIGNCross‐sectional analysis of national database.SETTINGAcademic medical center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe National Health Interview Survey (1997 to 2006) was utilized to identify children with FEI (defined as three or more ear infections in the preceding year). Age, sex, race/ethnicity, income level, and insurance status were extracted. Access to care was measured by ability to afford medical care and prescription medications, specialist visitation, and emergency department visits. Multivariate analysis determined the influence of demographic variables on the ability to access health care resources.RESULTSAn annualized population of 4.65 ± 0.08 million children reported FEI. Overall, 3.7 percent could not afford care, 5.6 percent could not afford prescriptions, and only 25.8 percent saw a specialist. A larger percentage of the black (42.7%) and Hispanic children (34.5%) with FEI were below the poverty level, versus white children (12.4%; P < 0.001); 18.2 percent of Hispanic children were uninsured, versus 6.5 percent of white children (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, children with FEI that were black or Hispanic had increased odds ratios relative to white children for 1) not being able to afford prescription medications (odds ratios [OR] 1.76 and 1.47, respectively; P < 0.002); 2) not being able to see a specialist (OR 1.62 and 1.86, respectively; P < 0.001); and 3) visiting the emergency department (OR 2.50 and 1.32, respectively; P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONRacial/ethnic disparities among children with FEI significantly influence health care resource access and utilization. These disparities should be targeted for intervention.
Comparison of otologic complications between intensity‐modulated and two‐dimensional radiotherapies in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients
Authors: Hsin Chung‐Han , Chen Tsai‐Hsin , Young Yi‐Ho , Liu Wen‐Shan 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVETo investigate the otologic complications in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who were treated by intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and compared with those who were treated by two‐dimensional radiotherapy (2DRT).STUDY DESIGNA historical cohort study was performed comprising NPC patients who underwent IMRT or 2DRT at Chung Shan Medical University Hospital.SETTINGChung Shan Medical University Hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSTwenty‐six NPC patients treated by IMRT (group A) and 18 NPC patients treated by 2DRT (group B) were enrolled. All patients underwent otoscopy, audiometry, and a vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test at a mean interval of three years after irradiation.RESULTSAlthough groups A and B did not significantly differ in the occurrence rate of otitis media with effusion (OME), group B had a significantly greater occurrence rate of chronic otitis media than group A (P < 0.05, χ2 test). The incidences of high‐frequency sensorineural hearing loss were 46 percent in group A and 67 percent in group B, with no significant difference between the two. In terms of VEMPs, group A had a significantly lower abnormal rate (31%) than group B (61%; P < 0.05, χ2 test). In addition, a significant relationship existed between T stages and OME in NPC patients treated by IMRT (P < 0.01, Fisher‐Freeman‐Halton test) but not by 2DRT.CONCLUSIONThe incidence of chronic otitis media and abnormal VEMPs in NPC patients treated by IMRT were significantly lower when compared with those treated by 2DRT, demonstrating the superiority of IMRT in decreasing unwanted otologic complications. However, occurrence of OME, which was related with advanced T stage, cannot be reduced by IMRT.
Multilingual Cosmopolitanism and Monolingual Commodification: Language Ideologies in Transnational Salsa Communities
Authors: Schneider Britta 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSalsa, a global urban music and dance phenomenon, is an interesting example for the emergence of transnational cultural spheres. Salsa has its roots in the Americas and in many Salsa communities outside of Latin America, the Spanish language is seen as the authentic means of expression. However, attitudes to multilingualism can differ strongly from Salsa community to Salsa community.In this paper, the Salsa-scene of Sydney is introduced with its various stances towards multilingualism. These are connected to different styles of the dance, where one style is practiced in English only, while dancers of another style are often bilingual speakers of Spanish and English. Monolingualism and multilingualism here mediate the affiliation to different local scenes. Simultaneously, both language ideologies relate to different global discourses of competitive and cosmopolitan culture. It will be asked whether the introduced language ideologies challenge traditional frameworks of society and reified discursive concepts of language. (Multilingualism – Transnationalism – Cosmopolitanism)*
Absence of Helicobacter pylori in Dental Plaque Determined by Immunoperoxidase
Authors: Savoldi Enrico , Marinone Maria Grazia , Negrini Riccardo , Facchinetti Daniela , Lanzini Alberto , Sapelli Pier Luigi 
Published: November 2010

Background.Attempts to detect Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque have given contrasting results, and the possibility of an oral‐oral transmission of the infection remains unclear. In this study, a sensitive and specific immunoperoxidase method has been employed to assess the presence of H. pylori in dental plaque.Methods.Dental plaque smears from 80 patients undergoing gastroscopy were analyzed by an indirect immunoperoxidase test, employing a mixture of two monoclonal antibodies against H. pylori.Results.No immunostained bacteria were shown in any of the examined dental plaque samples.Conclusions. H. pylori is not usually present in dental plaque, indicating that oral‐oral transmission of the infection could be due to intermittent esophageal reflux only.
Understanding the factors affecting the activation of alkane by Cp
′
Rh(CO)
2
(Cp
′
= Cp or Cp*)
Authors: George Michael W. , Hall Michael B. , Jina Omar S. , Portius Peter , Sun Xue-Zhong , Towrie Michael , Wu Hong , Yang Xinzheng , Zarić Snežana D. 
Published: November 2010

Fast time-resolved infrared spectroscopic measurements have allowed precise determination of the rates of activation of alkanes by Cp′Rh(CO) (Cp
′
=
η
5
-C
5
H
5
or
η
5
-C
5
Me
5
). We have monitored the kinetics of C─H activation in solution at room temperature and determined how the change in rate of oxidative cleavage varies from methane to decane. The lifetime of CpRh(CO)(alkane) shows a nearly linear behavior with respect to the length of the alkane chain, whereas the related Cp*Rh(CO)(alkane) has clear oscillatory behavior upon changing the alkane. Coupled cluster and density functional theory calculations on these complexes, transition states, and intermediates provide the insight into the mechanism and barriers in order to develop a kinetic simulation of the experimental results. The observed behavior is a subtle interplay between the rates of activation and migration. Unexpectedly, the calculations predict that the most rapid process in these Cp′Rh(CO)(alkane) systems is the 1,3-migration along the alkane chain. The linear behavior in the observed lifetime of CpRh(CO)(alkane) results from a mechanism in which the next most rapid process is the activation of primary C─H bonds (─CH
3
groups), while the third key step in this system is 1,2-migration with a slightly slower rate. The oscillatory behavior in the lifetime of Cp*Rh(CO)(alkane) with respect to the alkane’s chain length follows from subtle interplay between more rapid migrations and less rapid primary C─H activation, with respect to CpRh(CO)(alkane), especially when the CH
3
group is near a
gauche
turn. This interplay results in the activation being controlled by the percentage of alkane conformers.
The plant Ca2+‐ATPase repertoire: biochemical features and physiological functions
Authors: Bonza M. C. , De Michelis M. I. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCa2+‐ATPases are P‐type ATPases that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to pump Ca2+ from the cytoplasm into intracellular compartments or into the apoplast. Plant cells possess two types of Ca2+‐pumping ATPase, named ECAs (for ER‐type Ca2+‐ATPase) and ACAs (for auto‐inhibited Ca2+‐ATPase). Each type comprises different isoforms, localised on different membranes. Here, we summarise available knowledge of the biochemical characteristics and the physiological role of plant Ca2+‐ATPases, greatly improved after gene identification, which allows both biochemical analysis of single isoforms through heterologous expression in yeast and expression profiling and phenotypic analysis of single isoform knock‐out mutants.
Homing Strategy of the Eastern Chipmunk,Tamias striatus(Mammalia: Rodentia): Validation of the Critical Distance Model
Authors: Thibault Anouk , Bovet Jacques 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFifteen eastern chipmunks,Tamias striatus, were displaced and released 500m away from their nest sites, and their eventual behavior was monitored by means of radio‐assisted surveillance. As a rule (allowing for some interindividual variability), the chipmunks left the release site area along a relatively straight course, made a U‐turn at a median 60 m from the release site, returned closer to the latter and initiated a pattern of systematic search based on relatively straight forays from and back to the release site area. This overall strategy is consistent with the critical distance model of homing, which was originally proposed on the basis of the homing behavior of another sciund, the red squirrel,Tamiasciurus hudsonicus.
Breaking family ties: taxon sampling and molecular phylogeny of chromodorid nudibranchs (Mollusca, Gastropoda)
Authors: Johnson Rebecca F. 
Published: November 2010

Johnson, R. F. (2010). Breaking family ties: taxon sampling and molecular phylogeny of chromodorid nudibranchs (Mollusca, Gastropoda). —Zoologica Scripta,40, 137–157.Although researchers have debated the monophyly of the diverse chromodorid nudibranchs (Chromodorididae) for over 100 years, the monophyly of this family has not been properly tested. Recent morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies have added to the debate, but have not used appropriate methods to resolve this issue. I investigate how outgroup choice and taxon sampling influences tree topology and in turn the recovery of chromodorid monophyly. As a demonstration of these potential methodological problems, I then present phylogenies resulting from different taxon‐sampling schemes using the same molecular data. Taxon sampling has a strong influence on the resulting phylogenies. With comprehensive taxon sampling and outgroup selection,Cadlinais not a member of the Chromodorididae. The chromodorid nudibranchs withoutCadlinaare monophyletic and possibly sister to the Actinocyclidae. Additionally, I found, for the first time, support for most current family groupings in the Doridoidea. I propose a new classification in whichCadlinais not considered a member of the Chromodorididae. Instead, I resurrect the family name Cadlinidae to include the generaCadlinaandAldisa.
Molecular barcoding of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) from the southern Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Serra‐Pereira Bárbara , Moura Teresa , Griffiths Andrew M. , Serrano Gordo Leonel , Figueiredo Ivone 
Published: November 2010

Serra‐Pereira, B., Moura, T., Griffiths, A. M., Gordo, L. S. & Figueiredo, I. (2010). Molecular barcoding of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) from the southern Northeast Atlantic. —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 76–84.Due to their vulnerability to fishing pressure, many species of skate (Rajidae) in the Northeast Atlantic are undergoing declines in abundance. The assessment of stock status and subsequent proposal of management measures are often complicated by high levels of species diversity and endemism, coupled with morphological and ecological conservatism, which makes distinguishing between species difficult. To improve the identification of skates and investigate the phylogenetic position of endemic species the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced in 12 species (Dipturus oxyrinchus, Leucoraja naevus, Leucoraja circularis, Neoraja iberica, Raja brachyura, Raja clavata, Raja maderensis, Raja microocellata, Raja miraletus, Raja montagui, Raja undulata, Rostroraja alba) inhabiting the Portuguese waters. Based on sequence divergence R. maderensis and R. clavata only differ by 1% of the 652 bp COI sequence, questioning the recognition of R. maderensis (considered to be endemic to Madeira and the Azores), as a reproductively isolated species. Otherwise, there was clear phylogenetic support for the different genera and all the remaining species, although the genetic divergence was low compared to other chordates. In particular, COI analysis allowed clear identification of the morphologically similar species R. brachyura and R. montagui.
Severe phototoxicity associated with long‐term voriconazole treatment
Authors: Vöhringer Sabine , Schrum Johanna , Ott Hagen , Höger Peter H. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryVoriconazole is a second‐generation triazole antifungal approved for the treatment of invasive fungal infections, particularly with Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, and Scedosporium spp. Frequently reported adverse effects of voriconazole include visual disturbance (21 %), elevated liver enzymes (15.6 %) and rashes (7 %), which are largely attributable to drug‐induced photosensitivity. We report a case of serious phototoxicity in a 8 year old boy who underwent chemotherapy for AML. He received voriconazole for the treatment and subsequent re‐infection prophylaxis after pulmonary aspergillosis. One year after the start of therapy he developed blistering eruptions on his face after minimal sunlight exposure. Recent reports about the development of squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma, respectively, in children during and after oral therapy with voriconazole seem to warrant systematic follow‐up investigations of all voriconazole‐treated patients.
Retinal Arteriolar Geometry is Associated with Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Doubal Fergus N. , de Haan Rosemarie , MacGillivray Thomas J. , Cohn-Hokke Petra E. , Dhillon Bal , Dennis Martin S. , Wardlaw Joanna M. 
Published: November 2010

Background Cerebral small vessel disease (lacunar stroke and cerebral white matter hyperintensities) is caused by vessel abnormalities of unknown aetiology. Retinal vessels show developmental and pathophysiological similarities to cerebral small vessels and microvessel geometry may influence vascular efficiency. Hypothesis Retinal arteriolar branching angles or coefficients (the ratio of the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the two daughter vessels to the cross-sectional area of the parent vessel at an arteriolar bifurcation) may be associated with cerebral small vessel disease. Methods We performed a cross-sectional observational study in a UK tertiary referral hospital. An experienced stroke physician recruited consecutive patients presenting with lacunar ischaemic stroke with a control group consisting of patients with minor cortical ischaemic stroke. We performed brain magnetic resonance imaging to assess the recent infarct and periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities. We subtyped stroke with clinical and radiological findings. We took digital retinal photographs to assess retinal arteriolar branching coefficients and branching angles using a semi-automated technique. Results Two hundred and five patients were recruited (104 lacunar stroke, 101 cortical stroke), mean age 68-years (standard deviation 12). With multivariate analysis, increased branching coefficient was associated with periventricular white matter hyperintensities ( P=0·006) and ischaemic heart disease ( P<0·001), and decreased branching coefficient with deep white matter hyperintensities ( P=0·003), but not with lacunar stroke subtype ( P=0·96). We found no associations with retinal branching angles. Conclusions Retinal arteriolar geometry differs between cerebral small vessel phenotypes. Further research is needed to ascertain the clinical significance of these findings.
The Rural Prehospital Acute Stroke Triage (PAST) Trial Protocol: A Controlled Trial for Rapid Facilitated Transport of Rural Acute Stroke Patients to a Regional Stroke Centre
Authors: Garnett Ashley R. , Marsden Dianne L. , Parsons Mark W. , Quain Debbie A. , Spratt Neil J. , Loudfoot Allan R. , Middleton Paul M. , Levi Christopher R. ,   on behalf of the rural PAST Protocol Steering Group
Published: November 2010

Rationale Access to intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke is limited worldwide, particularly in regional and rural areas including in Australia. We are testing the effectiveness of a new rural Prehospital Acute Stroke Triage protocol that includes prehospital assessment and rapid transport of patients from a rural catchment to the major stroke centre in Newcastle, NSW, Australia. The local district hospitals within the rural catchment do not have the capability or infrastructure to deliver acute stroke thrombolysis. The trial has relevance to stroke clinicians, health service managers and planners responsible for rural populations. Aims To implement a system of rapid prehospital assessment and facilitated transport that will significantly increase stroke thrombolysis rates to 10% of ischaemic stroke cases in the rural catchment. Validate an eight-point modified National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale for use by paramedics in the prehospital setting to assess patients' potential eligibility for stroke thrombolysis. Design The joint project between the John Hunter Hospital Acute Stroke Team and the Ambulance Service of NSW will use a prospective cohort with an historical control group. Tools and protocols have been developed and education undertaken for ambulance field and operations centre personnel. These include a cut-down eight-item National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (Hunter NIHSS-8) score to be used in the field by paramedics and a transport decision matrix to expedite transport for a suspected stroke patient (road or road plus air transport). Outcomes The primary outcome measure will be the rate of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator delivery for those who suffer an ischaemic stroke following protocol implementation, in comparison with historical rates over a corresponding period prior to implementation, for residents within the catchment. Sixty cases are required in the postimplementation time epoch to demonstrate a statistically significant absolute increase in thrombolysis rates for ischaemic strokes from <1% to 10%, (power of 80%, α error of 0.05). The major secondary outcome will be inter-rater reliability of the Hunter NIHSS-8.
Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay Detection of Mumps-Specific Antibody-Secreting B Cells as an Alternative Method of Laboratory Diagnosis
Authors: Latner Donald R. , McGrew Marcia , Williams Nobia , Lowe Luis , Werman Roniel , Warnock Eli , Gallagher Kathleen , Doyle Peter , Smole Sandra , Lett Susan , Cocoros Noelle , DeMaria Alfred , Konomi Raimond , Brown Cedric J. , Rota Paul A. , Bellini William J. , Hickman Carole J. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTAlthough high measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination coverage has been successful in dramatically reducing mumps disease in the United States, mumps (re)infections occasionally occur in individuals who have been either previously vaccinated or naturally infected. Standard diagnostics that detect virus or virus-specific antibody are dependable for confirming primary mumps infection in immunologically naïve persons, but these methods perform inconsistently for individuals with prior immune exposure. We hypothesized that detection of activated mumps-specific antibody-secreting B cells (ASCs) by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay could be used as a more reliable diagnostic. To test this, a time course of virus-specific ASC responses was measured by ELISPOT assay following MMR vaccination of 16 previously vaccinated or naturally exposed adult volunteers. Mumps-specific ASCs were detectable in 68% of these individuals at some point during the first 3 weeks following revaccination. In addition, mumps-specific ASCs were detected in 7/7 previously vaccinated individuals who recently had been infected as part of a confirmed mumps outbreak. These data suggest that ELISPOT detection of mumps-specific ASCs has the potential for use as an alternative method of diagnosis when suspect cases cannot be confirmed by detection of IgM or virus. In addition, it was determined that mumps-specific memory B cells are detected at a much lower frequency than measles- or rubella-specific cells, suggesting that mumps infection may not generate robust B-cell memory.