bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF EXTRA‐AMNIOTIC ADMINISTRATION OF PGF2α, 0.9 PER CENT SALINE, AND 20 PER CENT SALINE FOLLOWED BY OXYTOCIN FOR THERAPEUTIC ABORTION
Authors: Lange Aksel P. , Secher Niels Jørgen , Pedersen Gunnar Thomsen 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. 168 patients between 1Oth and 18th week of pregnancy admitted to hospital for legal abortion were treated accordingly to three different protocols.In group I comprising 80 women, repeated instillations of PGF2α were administered, extra‐amniotically, through a Foley catheter. Within 30 hours abortion occurred or evacuation was performed without dilatation of the cervix in 85 per cent of the women. Slight side‐effects (vomiting, diarrhoea and flushing) were noted in 47 (i.e. 59 per cent) of the women.In group II comprising only 8 women, a Foley catheter was introduced into the extra‐amniotic space and repeated instillations of 0.9 per cent sterile saline were given. After 30 hours no abortions had occurred in this group. In five nulli‐paras the cervical os was closed after treatment, while the cervix was dilated in 2 of 3 women, who had earlier delivered a baby. In these two women evacuation of the uterus was performed without surgical dilatation. A Foley catheter itself placed above the internal orifice was not found to be a contributory factor to abortion in nulli‐paras within 30 hours.In group III comprising 80 women a single dose of 20 per cent saline in a volume of 10 ml per week of gestation was introduced to the extra‐amniotic space. Subsequently repeated injections of oxytocin were given subcutaneuosly. After a single instillation of hypertonic saline, which in most cases was followed by oxytocin for one day, abortion occurred in 64 per cent of the women.The number of complications was highest (4 of 8 women) in the group with repeated instillations of sterile 0.9 per cent saline through a Foley catheter, while complications were registered in 26 per cent of the cases in the group treated with hypertonic saline followed by oxytocin and in 14 per cent of the cases in the group treated with PGF2α.The average stay in hospital calculated from the commencement of treatment was shorter (3.4 days) in the PGF2α‐group, than in the hypertonic saline group (4.5 days) and in the group with Foley catheter and repeated instillation of sterile saline (5.5 days). The PGF2α method in this study turned out to be the most preferable way of inducing abortion, but the frequency of side‐effects and the need for repeated instillations every second hour prevent the method being ideal.
Endocrinological Aspects of Male Infertility
Authors: Furuhjelm Mirjam , Carlström Kjell , Jonson B. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In order to clarify to what extent a hormonal disturbance may cause infertility in men, a study was made of 98 infertile men aged 23–52 years. Their spermatogenesis was defective. Urinary excretion of total gonadotropins, LH, estrogens, 17‐ketogenic steroids, 17‐ketosteroids and fractionated 17‐ketosteroids was determined. The patient material was divided into 4 groups according to the excretion of total gonadotropins and estrogens in the urine. The groups were compared with a control group of 50 healthy males (aged 16–47 years) of proven fertility.Group I had an elevated excretion of total gonadotropins and estrogens in the urine. No treatment was possible in this group. In group II, the excretion of total gonadotropins was <40 MU/litre, the excretion of LH was slightly elevated and the excretion of estrogens in the urine was higher than in the control group. A faulty testicular response to normal gonadotropin stimulation or an imbalance in the FSH/LH ratio might explain the increased estrogen excretion in the urine. In group III, the excretion of total gonadotropins and estrogens in the urine was normal and the excretion of 17‐ketogenic steroids was slightly diminished.In group IV, there was a decreased excretion of steroids in the urine, which may support the diagnosis of pituitary hypofunction. This group is the only one in which treatment with gonadotropins might prove successful. The excretion of DHA was low in groups I and IV, probably depending on the condition of the germinal epithelium.The conclusion is reached that the cause of infertility in males may occasionally be a hormonal disturbance depending on hypothalamus‐pituitary hypofunction. Only men who have a low excretion of gonadotropins and steroids in the urine may have a chance of becoming fertile after treatment with gonadotropic or releasing hormones.
Ovarian Morphology in Early and Late Human Pregnancy
Authors: Starup Jørgen , Visfeldt Jakob 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Representative ovarian biopsies were obtained from 30 pregnant women aged 15 to 40. Group I consisted of 6 women with pregnancies of a gestational age of 9 to 18 weeks, and group II consisted of 24 women with pregnancies of a gestational age of 36 to 42 weeks.The number of primordial follicles varied considerably in both groups, but seemed to be mainly dependent on the age of the individual woman. We did not examine the follicular development before the 9th week of pregnancy, but at least from that time a normal development of follicles up to the stage of Graafian follicles was observed in the great majority of women.A typical decidual reaction in the ovarian cortex was found in all women in group II, but this reaction may also occasionally occur very early in pregnancy. For instance, we observed a marked decidual reaction in one woman in the 9th week of pregnancy. The decidual reaction was always located beneath or adjacent to the surface epithelium, and usually it was of the nodular form, but it might also occur as single cells or as more diffuse and confluent formations of decidual cells. In all cases of typical decidual reaction, the macroscopic appearance of the ovary was characteristic; the ovarian surface presented a gyriform appearance due to a network of thin, pale red ridges and small nodules. An interesting observation in group I was that the decidual reaction in all cases seemed to be preceded by the existence of nodules or more confluent areas characterized by a loose, proliferative connective tissue containing many fibroblasts and capillaries.The most consistent finding in both groups was the proliferation and luteinization of the theca cells surrounding both the growing and atretic follicles. However, it should be emphasized that these luteinized theca cells were only found around antral and Graafian follicles and atretic follicles of similar size, but never around even the largest primary follicles.We are not convinced of the significance of the previously described so‐called surface cell proliferation, even if similar changes were observed in 57% of the 30 women investigated. These changes were mainly observed in areas where the epithelium covered depressed or retracted parts of the ovarian stroma. On the other hand, the prominent decidual nodules were covered by a thin layer of flattened epithelial cells. We therefore believe that the changes in the surface epithelium is merely an unspecific phenomenon.
STUDIES OF DIETARY HABITS IN PREGNANCY‐WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE INTAKE OF IRON
Authors: Svanberg Bernhard , Rossander Lena , Isaksson Björn 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The dietary habits of 94 pregnant women (median age 26 years) were studied by means of four‐day dietary records. Twenty‐seven women were followed longitudinally and were observed in the 10–15th, the 24–27th and the 34–37th week of gestation (L‐series). The remaining 67 women comprised the A‐series. of which 20, 32, and 15 made their records during the 10–15th. 24–27th, and 34–37th week of gestationt respectively. There were no significant differences between the results from these two series. The mean daily energy intake was 2360 kcal and remained unchanged during pregnancy, exceeding by 250 kcal the average intake in non‐pregnant women in Gothenburg, studied earlier.The iron intake comprised 1–2 mg of haeme iron, about 10 mg of native non‐haeme iron and 5–6 mg of fortification iron. The mean iron intake was 7.2 mg/1000 kcal, which is below the recommendation, but it was distributed over the food groups in a manner more favourable for iron absorption than in the average Swedish population. Further effects to improve the diet so as to increase the content of iron and factors known to favour iron absorption are desirable. The results justify the normal practice of prescribing supplemental iron in late pregnancy.
Twin Pregnancy: A Clinical Study of 335 Cases
Authors: KAUPPILA A. , JOUPPILA P. , KOIVISTO M. , MOILANEN I. , YLIKORKALA O. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In order to study the complications and therapeutic outcome of (twin pregnancies, a retrospective survey was carried out in the University Central Hospital of Oulu. Twin deliveries during 1965‐1973 numbered altogether 335, and their relative frequency was 1.7%. The deliveries took place in the 37.2th gestational week on an average. The mean weights of the infants were 2590 g (A) and 2562 g (B). Perinatal mortality in the total series was 9.3% (A 9.0% and B 9.6%). Pregnancy terminated before the 37th week in 29.2% of the cases. Perinatal mortality in this group was 27.0%, while the corresponding value in the full‐term group was 1.7%. The perinatal mortality of primigravidas (14.1%) was about twofold compared with that of the multi‐paras (7.2 %). Twin pregnancies were complicated by hyperemesis gravidarum, pre‐ec‐lampsia, anaemia, pyelonephritis and hepatosis more often than were the single pregnancies. The complications which contributed towards an increase of perinatal mortality included uterine bleeding in early and late pregnancy, hydramnion and superimposed pre‐eclampsia.The complications generally associated with twin pregnancies and the increased perinatal mortality involved require that mothers with twin pregnancy, particularly primigravidas, should be subjected to intensified follow‐up and treatment.
Twin Pregnancy: Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: KOIVISTO M. , JOUPPILA P. , KAUPPILA A. , MOILANEN I. , YLIKORKALA O. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The neonatal morbidity and mortality rate of 335 twin pairs born during the years 1965‐1973 was investigated.649 twins were born alive. 29 % of the twins were preterm. 31 % of the twins were small for date infants, and 41% weighed less than 2 500 g. Mean birth weight was 2 590 g in A twins and 2 560 g in B twins. The neonatal mortality (0‐ 28 days) was 7.1%. The most common causes of death were the respiratory distress syndrome, intracranial haemorrhage and anoxia.Low one minute Apgar scores occurred more often in B twins than among A twins. Breech delivery gave low one minute Apgar scores more often than did spontaneous vertex delivery in both twins. Full term twins and infants weighing more than 2 500 g had fewer low one minute Apgar scores than the preterm infants and those with low birth weight.Neonatal disorders were equally common in both twins except the birth asphyxia and/or aspiration syndrome, which were more frequent in the B twins. The respiratory distress syndrome was diagnosed in 8 % of A twins and 12% of B twins. Hypoglycaemia was recorded for 8%, and hyperbilirubinaemia exceeding 15 mg% for 7 %. Infections occurred in 6%. Transfusion syndrome was verified in 7% and malformations in 6%.Although mortality in twin pregnancies has declined, neonatal morbidity is very high. Twin pregnancies thus form a high risk group for obstetricians and pediatricians.
Plasma Levels of Progesterone and Oestrogens in Women Treated with an Oral Contraceptive of Low Oestrogen Content (Ovostat 1375)
Authors: Johansson Elof D. B. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The plasma levels of progesterone and oestrogens were measured during treatment with an oral contraceptive containing 37.5 μg of ethinyl oestradiol and 1 mg of lynestrenol (= 3‐desoxy‐17α‐ethinyl‐19‐nor‐testosterone) (Ovostat 1375, Organon, Oss, Holland). Blood samples were taken every other day during 9 complete cycles in 5 healthy women. The plasma levels of progesterone were in the range of those found during the early follicular phase of the normal women. No ovulation seemed to have occurred. The mean plasma levels of oestrogens (oestradiol and oestrone) during treatment were below those found during the early follicular phase of 34 normal cycles although overlapping of values occurred. The ratio between oestradiol and oestrone during treatment was 1:2 vs. 1:1 during the early follicular phase of the normal cycles. In two cycles treatment was started during the midcyclic rise of oestrogens. No rise of progesterone indicating corpus luteum formation was found.Despite the low amount of oestrogen in the drug the ovaries appeared to secrete minimal amounts of sex steroids. The lynestrenol content is likely to be partly responsible for the inhibition of ovulation and the additional suppression of steroidogenesis.
The Effect of Dexamethasone Therapy in Prolonged Pregnancy
Authors: Jenssen Helge , Wright Per Bernhard 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Fifty‐six patients, chosen by random sampling from a total group of 120 post‐term women, received dex‐amethasone (Decadron®, “MSD”) 2 mg 3 times a day for 4 days, the other 64 patients acting as controls.The evolution of uterine activity was evaluated using pelvic score (PS) and a modified low dosage oxytocin sensitivity test (OST) before (T1) and after (T2) the treatment.During the interval from the second to the 6th day inclusive after T1 35 women of the dexamethasone group and 15 of the control group had a spontaneous onset of labour (SO) (0.001<P<0.01).Five patients in the dexamethasone group with primary rupture of membranes started labour spontaneously within 12 hours after membrane rupture, 7 patients in the control group with primary rupture of membranes received oxytocin as labour did not start within 24 hours.Excluding patients artificially induced, the mean interval from T1 to SO was 6.8 days in the control group and 5.2 days in the dexamethasone group (P<0.001).In both groups PS and the sum of Montevideo units (MU) during OST increased from T1 to T2, the increase was significantly greater in the dexamethasone group than in the control group. We found no correlation between the results of OST and the T1‐SO interval. Dexamethasone, as used in this study, may promote labour in prolonged human pregnancy. Due to its low potency, it is not a substitute for oxytocin in the induction of labour.The lowered placento‐fetal quotient in the dexamethasone group warrants further study of the effects of steroid hormone on placental function.
Fever and Parturition an Experimental Study in Rabbits
Authors: Kullander Stig 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The hyperthermic effect of purified lipopolysaccharides (Pyrexal, Wander) was tested and analyzed in pregnant rabbits. The fever produced premature deliveries‐probably caused by oxytocin, released from the posterior pituitary‐in 50% of 40 tested rabbits on the 31st day of gestation. Injections of Syntocinon had a roughly equally strong effect. In control animals injection of saline did not accelerate delivery.The offspring of several animals, in which hyperthermia had been induced, were born dead.Fever during pregnancy thus can result in premature delivery and in injury to the fetus. Fever and febrile conditions occurring during pregnancy should therefore be treated as promptly and as effectively as possible.
MASS SCREENING IN SWEDEN FOR CANCER OF THE UTERINE CERVIX
Authors: Kjellgren Olle 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The mass screening program in Sweden for cancer of the uterine cervix, which was started in 1964, is now almost nation‐wide. Approximately a quarter of a million women are screened every year. The attendance varies between 55 and 90%. Approximately two per cent of the screened female population is invited to further examination or treatment. The yield through the mass screening program varies between 3.5 and 10 positive cases per 1000 examined women.The incidence of cancer of the cervix is decreasing. This is most evident in those counties, which have been carrying out the screening program for about ten years.The stage distribution in cancer of the cervix has not been changed by the screening program. Mortality in cancer of the cervix is unchanged. There has been an enormous increase in the number of diagnosis of cancer in situ of the cervix, which is a difficult practical problem.
CERVICAL CANCER. MASS SCREENING, INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY IN FINLAND
Authors: Timonen S. , Pyörälä T. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Since mass screenings were started in Finland, the incidence of cervical cancer has dropped by about 50 per cent. In the age groups 25‐60 the decrease has been two thirds.Moreover, there has been a similar decrease in mortality in the younger age groups, in particular. All risk groups are not covered by the screening program, however. Cervical carcinoma is still a socio‐medical and clinical problem particularly among elderly women.Mass screening was started in Finland in the beginning of the 1960s (6, 7, 8, 9). The task of organizing the activities was delegated to the Finnish Cancer Association. Mainly on the initiative of their female members, the responsible communal political organs granted the money required for carrying out mass screening. By the end of the 1960s, all Finnish communes had joined the mass screening project as a result of campaigns arranged by the Cancer Association (Fig. 1).The communal authorities were informed about the importance of regularly examining all risk groups of women starting from the age at which the risk is rising up to the age of 60. For both political and other reasons it was decided first to screen the female population of working age. In part, this policy was adopted because screening of these age groups could be expected to yield demonstrable results most rapidly. Were the same sums distributed over all age groups of women, as might have seemed more just from a humanitarian viewpoint, an equally conspicuous effect could not be achieved. The communes started their activities in various ways, depending on their possibilities of realizing the project. As appears from Fig. 1, in most places only women aged 30‐, 35‐, 40‐, 45‐, 50‐ and 55‐ were screened. The five‐year interval was a compromise, and not a bad one, as seen later. Only in a few towns were larger sums reserved for screening of the total female population. This was the case for instance in Turku (3).The results have been annually collected and transferred to magnetic tape by the Central Office of the Finnish Cancer Registry (5).During the first few years the costs amounted to 15 Fmk per case. Today, the price is 22 Fmk per case (about 5.7$), including postage for the invitation to attend examination mailed on the basis of the population registry. This low level of costs is a result of rationalization. The rate of participation has been between 75 and 97 per cent.
A Pregnancy with a Hydatidiform Mole, Thyreotoxicosis and Live‐Born Infant
Authors: Ladehoff Poul , Maruszczak Andrzej 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A 26‐year‐old woman, pregnant for the 3rd time, was admitted in the 2nd trimester with bleeding and slight signs of thyreotoxicosis. The free thyroxin, total thyroxin and TRH‐test confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was delivered 8 weeks before term of a living boy of 1680 g. Immediately after the child, a 300 g normal placenta was born, followed by 650 g of molar tissue.Four weeks after birth and evacuation of the molar tissue, the patient was euthyreoid, with normal thyreoid parameters. It is presumed to have been a twin pregnancy, in which the part transformed to molar tissue has secreted a thyroid stimulating factor.
Benefits of Ultrasonic Screening of a Pregnant Population
Authors: Grennert Lars , Persson Per‐Håkan , Gennser Gerhard , Kullander Stig 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The present study describes the evolution over a 5‐year period of an ultrasonic routine screening programme of a pregnant population with participation of approximately 90 % of the pregnant women. One obvious result obtained in the screening programme is the pronounced improvement of early detection of twins, the incidence now approaching 95 % with the mean gestational age for the detection being 20 (median 19) weeks. Early detection in combination with clinical measures was associated with a decrease in the incidence of twins born preterm (before week 37) from 33 % to 10 %. The perinatal mortality rate of twins fell from 6 to 0.6 % after the introduction of this programme.The power of an early measurement of the fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) to predict the date of confinement was high. Of 848 pregnant women with an early BPD measurement (96.5 % were measured before the 21st gestational week), 95 % were delivered spontaneously within 12 days according to the estimates from the BPD, only 1.5 % being delivered later than the 42nd gestational week. The corresponding figures estimated from the last menstrual period was 79.3 % and 11.6 %.The experience gained from the programme recognized BPD for estimate of actual gestational age and the 17th gestational week was for practical reasons chosen for the first ultrasonic examination. As dating of the gestation is an important prerequisite in a screening programme for neural tube defect, the estimate of serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) was conveniently added to the ultrasonic screening programme. When ultrasound is used for exclusion of twins, dead fetuses, and erroneous dates, the percentage of amniocentesis occasioned by raised serum AFP value has hitherto been low (1.3 %).The introduction of ultrasound at our department has enabled us to reduce by 50 % the number of X‐ray examinations of pregnant women. The calculated cost for each examination made by midwives in our programme is Skr. 50:‐ (US $ 11).
The cryosurgical treatment of intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Henriksen Helen Marie 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. At the Finseninstituttet and the Radium Centre in Copenhagen, from 1971‐1975 inclusive, cryosurgery was carried out altogether 59 times on 57 patients. Only 8 patients showed histopathological changes in the biopsies sufficient to indicate conization.Hysterectomy was carried out on 8 patients. In 7 of these the removed uteri showed either no malignant changes or changes of a lesser degree of malignancy than those, which had indicated cryotherapy. Invasive growth was discovered only in 1 patient, who later underwent a total hysterectomy by the Wertheim method. A biopsy on 1 patient with carcinoma in situ, suspected invasive growth, was treated with radium.