bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuron‐restrictive silencer factor‐mediated hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide gated channelopathy in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: McClelland Shawn , Flynn Corey , Dubé Celine , Richichi Cristina , Zha Qinqin , Ghestem Antoine , Esclapez Monique , Bernard Christophe , Baram Tallie Z. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective:Enduring, abnormal expression and function of the ion channel hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic adenosine monophosphate gated channel type 1 (HCN1) occurs in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We examined the underlying mechanisms, and investigated whether interfering with these mechanisms could modify disease course.Methods:Experimental TLE was provoked by kainic acid‐induced status epilepticus (SE). HCN1 channel repression was examined at mRNA, protein, and functional levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was employed to identify the transcriptional mechanism of repressed HCN1 expression, and the basis for their endurance. Physical interaction of the repressor, NRSF, was abolished using decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). Video/electroencephalographic recordings were performed to assess the onset and initial pattern of spontaneous seizures.Results:Levels of NRSF and its physical binding to the Hcn1 gene were augmented after SE, resulting in repression of HCN1 expression and HCN1‐mediated currents (Ih), and reduced Ih‐dependent resonance in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites. Chromatin changes typical of enduring, epigenetic gene repression were apparent at the Hcn1 gene within a week after SE. Administration of decoy ODNs comprising the NRSF DNA‐binding sequence (neuron restrictive silencer element [NRSE]), in vitro and in vivo, reduced NRSF binding to Hcn1, prevented its repression, and restored Ih function. In vivo, decoy NRSE ODN treatment restored theta rhythm and altered the initial pattern of spontaneous seizures.Interpretation:Acquired HCN1 channelopathy derives from NRSF‐mediated transcriptional repression that endures via chromatin modification and may provide insight into the mechanisms of a number of channelopathies that coexist with, and may contribute to, the conversion of a normal brain into an epileptic one. ANN NEUROL 2011;70: 454–464.
The thermal‐electrical properties of polyvinyl alcohol/AgNO3 films
Authors: Liang Sen , Yang Jianfeng , Zhang Xiao , Bai Yu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this article, one cast technique to fabricate 20–40 wt %AgNO3‐doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films of which electrical resistance sharply dropped (4–5 order) in a certain temperature range was reported. The phase, structure thermal, and electrical resistivity properties of films at different heat treatment temperatures were studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electrical microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that all the AgNO3 (20–40 wt %) doped PVA films presented an exothermic peak at 182°C. And the temperature of exothermic peak kept constant for various contents of AgNO3. Meanwhile, the phase composition of the films was greatly affected by the heat treatment temperature. Ag particles were generated during the heat treatment process, and the content of Ag particles increased with increasing the temperature. The resistivity of PVA/AgNO3 films decreased with increasing the temperature. And a sharp decrease appeared at 155–165°C due to the generation and contact of a mass of Ag particles at this temperature. The thermal‐electrical results suggested the applicability of these materials in temperature sensor, for example, critical temperature resistor thermistor. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
BA‐MMA‐POMA copolymer latexes prepared by using HMPS polymerizable emulsifier
Authors: Chen Lijun , Wu Fengqin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBA‐MMA‐POMA copolymer latex was successfully prepared by soap‐free emulsion polymerization of 2‐(perfluoro‐(1,1‐bisisopropyl)‐2‐propenyl)oxyethyl methacrylate(POMA) with butyl acrylate(BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by K2S2O8 in the water. POMA was synthesized from the intermediate perfluoro nonene and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate as the staring reactants. The structure of BA‐MMA‐POMA copolymer latex was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The characteristics of the film such as hydrophobicity and glass transition temperature were characterized with the contact angle and differential scanning calorimetry respectively. The influences of the amount of the fluorinated monomer and the initiator on the soap‐free emulsion polymerization and performance of the latex were studied. In addition, comparison with the latex prepared by the conventional emulsifier SDBS is investigated. Results show that the hydrophobicity and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the latex are increased when the fluorinated monomer is introduced to copolymerize with other monomers. The hydrophobicity can be improved further with heating. Compared with the latices prepared by using SDBS emulsifier, the latices prepared by using HMPS emulsifier have larger particle size, higher surface tension. However, the difference of their Tg is extremely minute. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Influence of ammonium polyphosphate modified with 3‐(methylacryloxyl) propyltrimethoxy silane on mechanical and thermal properties of wood flour–polypropylene composites
Authors: Zhou Lin , Guo Chuigen , Li Liping 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this article, the influence of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and ammonium polyphosphate modified with 3‐(Methylacryloxyl) propyltrimethoxy silane (M‐APP) on mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and thermal degradation of wood flour–polypropylene composites (WF/PP composites) have been investigated. Polypropylene grafted with m‐isopropenyl‐α,α‐dimethylbenzyl‐isocyanate (m‐TMI‐g‐PP) was used to improve the adhesion of WF/PP composites. APP and M‐APP were used as flame retardants. The experimental results demonstrated that addition of M‐APP obviously enhanced mechanical properties of WF/PP composites. According to cone calorimetry results, M‐APP is also an effective flame retardant for WF/PP composites, compared to that of APP. It was also found that M‐APP decreased the 1% weight loss temperature and increased char residue. The thermal degradation of wood flour based upon the first peak temperature of wood decreased from 329.3 to 322.9°C and the thermal degradation of PP based upon the second peak temperature of PP improve from 518.0 to 519.6°C, when M‐APP was added to the WF/PP composites. From SEM results the char layer of the 25% M‐APP systems is much more intumescent than that of the 25% APP systems, indicating that 3‐(Methylacryloxyl) propyltrimethoxy silane can improve the char‐forming ability of WF/PP composites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Concept of minimum electrospinning voltage in electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile N,N‐dimethylformamide system
Authors: Basu Sandip , Agrawal Ashwini K. , Jassal Manjeet 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPolyacrylonitrile solutions in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) were electrospun into nanofibers by charging the polymer fluid in an electric field. Controlled experiments were performed using a needle type spinneret to investigate the effect of various electrospinning parameters on the percentage conversion of polymeric fluid into fibers and on fiber diameter obtained. It was found that when the polymeric fluid was continuously fed at a constant rate, application of a minimum electrospinning voltage (MEV) was necessary to “completely” convert the ejected fluid into nanojets to form nanofibers. Also, that the maximum amount of splitting or elongation that a polymeric fluid could undergo was primarily dependent on number of entanglements per chain in the fluid. This resulted in obtaining nanofibers with a particular diameter irrespective of the values of important electrospinning variables such as applied voltage, flow rates, and distance between the electrodes. On the other hand, MEV, necessary to obtain full conversion into nanofibers, was found to be strongly dependent on the spinning parameters and was unique for a given set of parameters. The significance of the MEV was evident from the fact that the square of the MEV, which is a measure of the electrical energy utilized by the system, was found to be directly proportional to the rate of formation of fiber surface area during the electrospinning process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Bridging autism, science and society: moving toward an ethically informed approach to autism research
Authors: Pellicano Elizabeth , Stears Marc 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRecent developments in the science of autism have provoked widespread unease among autism activists. Drawing on the findings of a major international gathering of researchers, ethicists, and activists, this paper presents the first major analysis of the ethical questions arising from this unease. We outline the scientific developments that have provoked the most discomfort, analyze the response to these developments from within and without the autism community, and trace the current state of the ethical debate. Having done so, we contend that these ethical questions are unlikely to be resolved as they depend on fundamentally conflicting assumptions about the nature and desirability of neurocognitive difference. We conclude by arguing for a new range of democratic mechanisms that could enable the scientific community, autistics, and other concerned parties to respond collectively to such entrenched ethical disputes. Autism Res 2011,4:271–282. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impacts of co‐location, co‐production, and process energy source on life cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of lignocellulosic ethanol
Authors: McKechnie Jon , Zhang Yimin , Ogino Akifumi , Saville Brad , Sleep Sylvia , Turner Mark , Pontius Robert , MacLean Heather L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe performance of lignocellulosic ethanol in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil energy use when substituting for gasoline depends on production technologies and system decisions, many of which have not been considered in life cycle studies. We investigate ethanol production from short rotation forestry feedstock via an uncatalyzed steam explosion pre‐treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis process developed by Mascoma Canada, Inc., and examine a set of production system decisions (co‐location, co‐production, and process energy options) in terms of their influence on life cycle emissions and energy consumption. All production options are found to reduce emissions and petroleum use relative to gasoline on a well‐to‐wheel (WTW) basis; GHG reductions vary by production scenario. Land‐use‐change effects are not included due to a lack of applicable data on short rotation forestry feedstock. Ethanol production with wood pellet co‐product, displacing coal in electricity generation, performs best amongst co‐products in terms of GHG mitigation (−109% relative to gasoline, WTW basis). Maximizing pellet output, although requiring import of predominately fossil‐based process energy, improves overall GHG‐mitigation performance (−130% relative to gasoline, WTW). Similarly, lower ethanol yields result in greater GHG reductions because of increased co‐product output. Co‐locating ethanol production with facilities exporting excess steam and biomass‐based electricity (e.g. pulp mills) achieves the greatest GHG mitigation (−174% relative to gasoline, WTW) by maximizing pellet output and utilizing low‐GHG process energy. By exploiting co‐location opportunities and strategically selecting co‐products, lignocellulosic ethanol can provide large emission reductions, particularly if based upon sustainably grown, high yield, low input feedstocks. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Codon usage: Nature's roadmap to expression and folding of proteins
Authors: Angov Evelina 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBiomedical and biotechnological research relies on processes leading to the successful expression and production of key biological products. High‐quality proteins are required for many purposes, including protein structural and functional studies. Protein expression is the culmination of multistep processes involving regulation at the level of transcription, mRNA turnover, protein translation, and post‐translational modifications leading to the formation of a stable product. Although significant strides have been achieved over the past decade, advances toward integrating genomic and proteomic information are essential, and until such time, many target genes and their products may not be fully realized. Thus, the focus of this review is to provide some experimental support and a brief overview of how codon usage bias has evolved relative to regulating gene expression levels.
Transradial cardiac catheterization: A Review of Access Site Complications
Authors: Kanei Yumiko , Kwan Tak , Nakra Navin C. , Liou Michael , Huang Yili , Vales Lori L. , Fox John T. , Chen Jack P. , Saito Shigeru 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTransradial catheterization (TRC) has been associated with a lower incidence of major access site related complications as compared to the transfemoral approach. With the increased adoption of transradial access, it is essential to understand the potential major and minor complications of TRC. The most common complication is asymptomatic radial artery occlusion, which rarely leads to clinical events, owing to the dual collateral perfusion of the hand. Adequate anticoagulation, appropriate compression techniques, and smaller sheath size can minimize the risk of radial artery occlusion. Hand ischemia with necrosis has never been reported during TRC with thorough pre‐examination of intact collateral circulation. Radial artery spasm is relatively common, and can result in access and procedural failure. It can be prevented by the use of vasodilator cocktails and hydrophilic sheaths. Radial artery perforation can lead to severe forearm hematoma and compartment syndrome if not managed promptly. Careful observation, prompt detection of the hematoma, and management with a pressure bandage dressing are critical to avoid serious complications. Pseudoaneurym and arteriovenous fistula are rare complications, which can likely be managed conservatively without surgical intervention. Nerve injury occurring during access has been reported. Close observation for improvement is necessary, although symptoms usually improve over time. In summary, to prevent access site complications, avoidance of multiple punctures, gentle catheter manipulation, use of guided compression, coupled with careful observation for adverse warning signs such as hematoma, loss of pulse, pain, are critical for safe and effective TRC. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adderall induced inverted‐Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Authors: Alsidawi Said , Muth James , Wilkin James 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTC), also known as stress‐induced cardiomyopathy, was initially described in Japan in 1990. Both illicit and prescription drugs have added to the growing list of insulting stressors. We describe an interesting case of atypical TTC triggered by adderall overdose. Clinical case: A 19‐year‐old female was brought to the Emergency Department after ingesting 30 Adderall tablets. She was complaining of pressure like chest pain and shortness of breath. Her cardiac enzymes were elevated but the electrocardiogram was unremarkable. Echocardiography identified an ejection fraction (EF) of 25–30% with severe hypokinesis of the base and a preserved apex. Cardiac angiography demonstrated normal coronary arteries with an EF of 35%, hyperkinetic apex and akinetic base consistent with the diagnosis of inverted‐TTC. Her symptoms resolved in 24 hrs. Repeat echocardiogram performed 3 days later showed an EF of 60% with no regional wall motion abnormalities. Discussion: TTC can be identified as a rapid development of severe and reversible left ventricular dysfunction extending beyond the territory of a single epicardial coronary artery in the absence of coronary artery disease or pheochromocytoma. Clinical presentation can be challenging and very hard to distinguish from acute myocardial infarction. Medication induced‐TTC has been reported. In our case, the patient overdosed on Adderall which is a sympathomimetic medication. Cardiac imaging identified wall motion abnormalities consistent with inverted type TTC. Restoration of left ventricular function within days confirms the diagnosis of TTC. In conclusion, this case offers an interesting insight into the pathophysiology of TTC. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term outcome after drug‐eluting stent implantation in unselected population: ROME and UDINE Experience (The RUDI Registry)
Authors: Sardella Gennaro , Conti Giulia , Bisceglia Teodoro , Canali Emanuele , Mancone Massimo , De Carlo Carlotta , Spedicato Leonardo , Morocutti Giorgio , Fedele Francesco , Bernardi Guglielmo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives: The aim of our study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DES implantation in an unselected, “real world,” high‐risk population. Background: Several clinical trials showed that drug‐eluting stents (DESs) implantation is safe and effective in selected population. In spite of these encouraging results, there are some concerns about “real world” utilization of these stents. Methods: One thousand four hundred and fifty‐five off‐label patients have been included in our registry. Primary end‐points were: long‐term clinical incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and thrombosis (ST). We detected the difference between uniDES vs. multiDES implantation in terms of MACCE, death, nonfatal‐MI, the composite of death/nonfatal‐MI and target lesion revascularization (TLR) and the difference between DES type in term of MACCE. Results: At 36 months follow‐up we found: cardiac death occurred in 20 patients (1.6%); 33 patients (2.6%) had a nonfatal MI and 81 patients (6.3%) had a TLR. We observed one (0.1%) acute, 9 subacute (0.6%), 6 late (0.6%), and 1 (0.5%) very late definite ST. No difference were found in terms of overall MACCE, MI, death and composite of death/nonfatal‐MI between uni‐ and multiDES implantation but multiDES group had a higher incidence of TLR. No difference between DES type in term of MACCE was detected. Conclusions: DES utilization shows their safety and efficacy in off‐label patients with complex clinical and angiographic profile in terms of long‐term incidence of MACCE. MultiDES implantation is associated with a higher risk of long‐term TLR. No difference between DES type was found. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of radiofrequency perforation to recanalization late stent thrombosis of aortic coarctation
Authors: Aguirre‐Molina Carlos Alberto , García‐Montes José Antonio , Bialkowski Jacek 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe present an interesting complication of late stent thrombosis after percutaneous treatment of aortic coartaction and a new modality of treatment with radiofrequency perforation and implantation of additional stent to resolve this problem. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anthraquinone Monosulfonate Adsorbed on Graphite Shows Two Very Different Rates of Electron Transfer: Surface Heterogeneity Due to Basal and Edge Plane Sites
Authors: Neumann Christopher C. M. , Batchelor‐McAuley Christopher , Downing Clive , Compton Richard G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGraphitic electrodes find widespread use throughout electrochemistry; understanding their fundamental electrochemical properties is imperative. It is widely thought that graphite edge plane sites exhibit faster rates of electron transfer as compared to basal plane sites. Hitherto the different rates of electron transfer at the edge and basal sites have been inferred indirectly using diffusional systems. To avoid possible complications we alternatively study a surface‐bound system to simplify the interpretation. The voltammetric response of graphitic‐surface‐bound anthraquinone monosulfonate (AQMS) with varying pH, reveals two distinct voltammetric responses, ascribed as being due to the basal and edge plane sites; where the pKa s associated with the reduced anthraquinone are found to differ for the two sites. Through modelling of the system based upon a “scheme of squares” mechanism it is possible to conclude that both the thermodynamics and kinetics of the species differ in the two environments in which the rate of electron transfer at the basal plane site is shown to be 2–3 orders of magnitude slower than that of the edge plane site. This work provides the first example of a voltammetric response which is purely due to electron transfer at a basal plane site. Further, we believe this is the first time a full “scheme of squares” model has been used for the quantitative analysis of a diffusionless 2H+2e− system.
Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Analysis of Two Analytes by Using an Autonomous DNA Machine that Works in a Two‐Cycle Mode
Authors: Zhang Hui , Fang Congcong , Zhang Shusheng 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report a novel autonomous DNA machine for amplified electrochemical analysis of two DNAs. The DNA machine operates in a two‐cycle working mode to amplify DNA recognition events; the working mode is assisted by two different nicking endonucleases (NEases). Two bio‐barcode probes, a ZnS nanoparticle (NP)–DNA probe and a CdS NP–DNA probe, were used to trace two target DNAs. The detection system was based on a sensitive differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) method for the simultaneous detection of ZnII and CdII tracers, which were obtained by dissolving the two probes. Under the optimised conditions, detection limits as low as 5.6×10−17 (3σ) and 4.1×10−17 M (3σ) for the two target DNAs were achieved. It has been proven that the DNA machine system can simultaneously amplify two target DNAs by more than four orders of magnitude within 30 min at room temperature. In addition, in combination with an aptamer recognition strategy, the DNA machine was further used in the aptamer‐based amplification analysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and lysozyme. With the amplification of the DNA machine, detection limits as low as 5.6×10−9 M (3σ) for ATP and 5.2×10−13 M (3σ) for lysozyme were simultaneously obtained. The satisfactory determination of ATP and lysozyme in Ramos cells reveals the good selectivity and feasibility of this protocol. The DNA machine is a promising tool for ultrasensitive and simultaneous multianalysis because of its remarkable signal amplification and simple machine‐like operation.
Targeting Norovirus Infection—Multivalent Entry Inhibitor Design Based on NMR Experiments
Authors: Rademacher Christoph , Guiard Julie , Kitov Pavel I. , Fiege Brigitte , Dalton Kevin P. , Parra Francisco , Bundle David R. , Peters Thomas 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNoroviruses attach to their host cells through histo blood group antigens (HBGAs), and compounds that interfere with this interaction are likely to be of therapeutic or diagnostic interest. It is shown that NMR binding studies can simultaneously identify and differentiate the site for binding HBGA ligands and complementary ligands from a large compound library, thereby facilitating the design of potent heterobifunctional ligands. Saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments, spin‐lock filtered NMR experiments, and interligand NOE (ILOE) experiments in the presence of virus‐like particles (VLPs), identified compounds that bind to the HBGA binding site of human norovirus. Based on these data two multivalent prototype entry‐inhibitors against norovirus infection were synthesized. A surface plasmon resonance based inhibition assay showed avidity gains of 1000 and one million fold over a millimolar univalent ligand. This suggests that further rational design of multivalent inhibitors based on our strategy will identify potent entry‐inhibitors against norovirus infections.