bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Blindness During Hemodialysis: Neuroimaging in Diagnosis
Authors: Hatipoglu Hatice Gul , Erhuner Zeynep , Ciliz Deniz , Yuksel Enis 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAcute blindness related to hemodialysis is very rare. It is important to find out the real etiology before beginning treatment. In this case, we sought to emphasize the importance of diffusion‐weighted imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient mapping, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy for diagnosis. Close collaboration among nephrologists, neuro‐ophthalmologists, and radiologists is important in this interdisciplinary emergency.
Isotope Differential Renal Function Versus Ultrasound Measured Kidney Size in Assessing Potential Living Donors
Authors: Akoh Jacob A. , Rana Tahawar A. , Stacey Sarah L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOBJECTIVEThis study evaluated a possible correlation between Mercapto Acetyl Tri Glycine (MAG3) differential renal function and kidney size measured by ultrasonography (US) and whether US alone is sufficient in deciding which kidney to donate.METHODSBetween March 2003 and November 2008, 81 potential kidney donors underwent full assessment including 51‐chromium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (51‐Cr EDTA), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 99mTc MAG3 renograms for differential renal function, and US to determine kidney size. Transplant outcome (estimated GFR and creatinine at 1, 3, and 6 months) was analyzed according to category of differential function (0%; 1%–10%; 11%–20%), donor sex, and donated GFR.RESULTSThe mean donated GFR correlated significantly with categories of differential function (F5 4.998, p = .01). US kidney length correlated significantly with total donor GFR (right: r = 0.286, p = .016; left: r = 0.351, p = .003, respectively). Also, differential function correlated significantly with the difference in length between right and left kidneys (r = 0.333; p = .005). However, in 10 donors kidney length was inversely related to the divided renal function.DISCUSSIONDonors could have their better kidneys removed if US alone is used. Differential renal function has advantages over US alone and should be used to assess all potential donors prior to kidney donation.
Dendrogeomorphic reconstruction of past debris‐flow activity using injured broad‐leaved trees
Authors: Arbellay Estelle , Stoffel Markus , Bollschweiler Michelle 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTree‐ring records from conifers have been regularly used over the last few decades to date debris‐flow events. The reconstruction of past debris‐flow activity was, in contrast, only very rarely based on growth anomalies in broad‐leaved trees. Consequently, this study aimed at dating the occurrence of former debris flows from growth series of broad‐leaved trees and at determining their suitability for dendrogeomorphic research. Results were obtained from gray alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench), silver birch and pubescent birch (Betula pendula Roth and Betula pubescens Ehrh.), aspen (Populus tremula L.), white poplar, black poplar and gray poplar (Populus alba L., Populus nigra L. and Populus x canescens (Ait.) Sm.), goat willow (Salix caprea L.) and black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) injured by debris‐flow activity at Illgraben (Valais, Swiss Alps). Tree‐ring analysis of 104 increment cores, 118 wedges and 93 cross‐sections from 154 injured broad‐leaved trees allowed the reconstruction of 14 debris‐flow events between AD 1965 and 2007. These events were compared with archival records on debris‐flow activity at Illgraben. It appears that debris flows are very common at Illgraben, but only very rarely left the channel over the period AD 1965–2007. Furthermore, analysis of the spatial distribution of disturbed trees contributed to the identification of six patterns of debris‐flow routing and led to the determination of preferential breakout locations of events. The results of this study demonstrate the high potential of broad‐leaved trees for dendrogeomorphic research and for the assessment of the travel distance and lateral spread of debris‐flow surges. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced control and management functionalities for multi‐microgrids
Authors: Madureira A. G. , Pereira J. C. , Gil N. J. , Lopes J. A. Peças , Korres G. N. , Hatziargyriou N. D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper addresses the extension of the microgrid concept, following a massive integration of these active cells in power distribution networks, by adopting a coordinated management strategy together with distributed generation units directly connected to the medium voltage distribution network. In order to achieve this, a technical and commercial management scheme must be developed for coordinated control of a distribution system with multi‐microgrids, which should take into account the specific technical capabilities and characteristics of each type of generating source. In particular, tools for coordinated voltage support and frequency control, as well as for state estimation have been developed for this type of network. Concerning voltage support, a new methodology exploiting an optimization tool based on a meta‐heuristic approach was developed. For state estimation, two approaches were considered: multi‐microgrid state estimation and fuzzy state estimation. Regarding frequency control, the hierarchical structure of the multi‐microgrid is exploited to deal with the transition to islanded operation and load following in islanded operation. All these tools have proved to be efficient in managing the multi‐microgrid system in normal interconnected mode and, in case of the frequency control, in islanded operation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavior of liquid menisci formed during the extraction of a vertical rod from the free surface of a liquid contained in a finite basin (Part 1)
Authors: Su J. , Nigro N. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMany studies involving the shapes and stability of liquid menisci formed during the extraction of a vertical rod from a liquid basin (rod‐in‐free‐surface problem) have been reported in the literature. However, the vast majority of these were conducted under the assumptions that the radius of the basin (R) is infinite and that, at its extremity, both the slope and curvature of the liquid surface are zero. Recently, a few studies involving finite basins have been reported; however, these were conducted under the assumption that the displaced volume of the liquid in the basin is prescribed. In this study, a parametric finite element method was employed to determine the behavior (shape and stability) of liquid menisci formed during the extraction of a vertical rod with circular cross‐section from a liquid contained in a circular basin with finite radius. The plots presented in this paper enable investigators to predict the critical extraction height (a priori) as a function of the radius ratio (R/r) and Bond number (β0=ρgr2/γ) for the case where the contact angle (θ2) at the outer extremity of the basin is 90∘. Theoretical and experimental results obtained for arbitrary values of θ2 will be presented in a Part 2 paper. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulations of non‐equilibrium turbulent boundary layer flowing over a bump
Authors: El‐Askary W. A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLarge‐eddy simulation (LES) and Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes simulation (RANS) with different turbulence models (including the standard k−ε, the standard k−ω, the shear stress transport k−ω (SST k−ω), and Spalart–Allmaras (S–A) turbulence models) have been employed to compute the turbulent flow of a two‐dimensional turbulent boundary layer over an unswept bump. The predictions of the simulations were compared with available experimental measurements in the literature. The comparisons of the LES and the SST k−ω model including the mean flow and turbulence stresses are in satisfied agreements with the available measurements. Although the flow experiences a strong adverse pressure gradient along the rear surface, the boundary layer is unique in that intermittent detachment occurring near the wall. The numerical results indicate that the boundary layer is not followed by mean‐flow separation or incipient separation as shown from the numerical results. The resolved turbulent shear stress is in a reasonable agreement with the experimental data, though the computational result of LES shows that its peak is overpredicted near the trailing edge of the bump, while the other used turbulence models, except the standard k−ε, underpredicts it. Analysis of the numerical results from LES confirms the experimental data, in which the existence of internal layers over the bump surface upstream of the summit and along the downstream flat plate. It also demonstrates that the quasi‐step increase in skin friction is due to perturbations in pressure gradient. The surface curvature enhances the near‐wall shear production of turbulent stresses, and is responsible for the formation of the internal layers.The aim of the present work is to examine the response and prediction capability of LES with the dynamic eddy viscosity model as a sub‐grid scale to the complex turbulence structure with the presence of streamline curvature generated by a bumpy surface. Aiming to reduce the computational costs with focus on the mean behavior of the non‐equilibrium turbulent boundary layer of flow over the bump surface, the present investigation also explains the best capability of one of the used RANS turbulence models to capture the driving mechanism for the surprisingly rapid return to equilibrium over the trailing flat plate found in the measurements. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Design of Wave‐Like PEMFC Stack with Undulate MEAs and Perforated Bipolar Plates
Authors: Yi P. Y. , Peng L. F. , Lai X. M. , Liu D. A. , Ni J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCommercialisation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology depends on high volumetric power density and specific power for a given cost. In the present study, a novel wave‐like architecture for PEMFC stack based on undulate membrane electrode assembles (MEAs) and perforated bipolar plates (PBPs) was presented. Different from conventional plate‐and‐frame architecture, this design increased active area and achieved higher volumetric power density due to undulate MEAs. Moreover, perforated sheet metal was used as bipolar plates so that it could improve specific power.A single cell was designed and fabricated in house to evaluate the performance of the novel architecture stack. Stamped PBPs with open rate of 28.26% and hot pressed 5‐layer undulate MEAs with Nafion® 112 were adopted. The results indicated that the peak volumetric power density and specific power are 2,715.94 W L–1 and 2,157.86 W kg–1, respectively, while they are 2,151.28 W L–1 and 1,709.22 W kg–1 at the output voltage of 0.6 V. This study may propose a possible means to meet the DOE's 2010 technical target that volumetric power density is 2,000 W L–1 and specific power is 2,000 W kg–1 for stack.
Ultrafine Amorphous Co–Fe–B Catalysts for the Hydrolysis of NaBH4 Solution to Generate Hydrogen for PEMFC
Authors: Wang Y. P. , Wang Y. J. , Ren Q. L. , Li L. , Jiao L. F. , Song D. W. , Liu G. , Han Y. , Yuan H. T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFor hydrogen generation from alkaline sodium borohydride (NaBH4) solution, Co–Fe–B catalysts with different Co/(Co + Fe) molar ratios (χCo) were prepared by the chemical reduction of CoCl2 and FeCl3 ethanol solution with KBH4 solution. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed that the as‐prepared Co–Fe–B catalysts were in amorphous form and ultrafine. The hydrogen generation measurements showed that as‐prepared Co–B and Co–Fe–B catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic activity. Co–Fe–B with the Co/(Co + Fe) molar ratio (χCo) of 0.85 was the best. Its maximum hydrogen generation rate at 298 K was 4,310 mL min–1 g–1, while the Co–B was 2,773 mL min–1 g–1. The enhanced activity could be attributed to large active surface area, electron transfer from B and Fe to active Co sites, and improvement in the dispersion of Co–B with Fe2O3. The activation energy of Co–Fe–B catalyst with the molar ratio χCo = 0.85 was decreased to 29.09 kJ mol–1 as compared to 30.85 kJ mol–1 obtained with Co–B.
Combinatorial Search for Quaternary Methanol Tolerant Oxygen Electro‐Reduction Catalyst
Authors: Jeon M. K. , Liu J. H. , Lee K. R. , Lee J. W. , McGinn P. J. , Woo S. I. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA combinatorial library containing 645 different compositions was synthesised and characterised for methanol tolerant oxygen electro‐reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic performance. The library was composed of compositions involving between 1 and 4 metals among Pt, Ru, Fe, Mo and Se. In an optical screening test, Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10) composition exhibited the highest ORR activity in the presence of methanol. This composition was further investigated by synthesis and characterisation of a powder version catalyst [Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10)/C]. At 0.85 V [vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)] in the absence of methanol, the Pt/C catalyst exhibited higher ORR current (0.0990 mA) than the Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10)/C catalyst (0.0902 mA). But much higher specific activity (12.7 μA cmpt–2) was observed in the Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10)/C catalyst than for the Pt/C catalyst 6.51 μA cmpt–2). In the presence of methanol, the ORR current decreased by 0.0343 and 0.247 mA for the Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10)/C and Pt/C catalysts, respectively, which proved the excellent methanol tolerance of the Pt(50)Ru(10)Fe(20)Se(10)/C catalyst.
Optimizing the power of genome‐wide association studies by using publicly available reference samples to expand the control group
Authors: Zhuang Joanna J. , Zondervan Krina , Nyberg Fredrik , Harbron Chris , Jawaid Ansar , Cardon Lon R. , Barratt Bryan J. , Morris Andrew P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGenome‐wide association (GWA) studies have proved extremely successful in identifying novel genetic loci contributing effects to complex human diseases. In doing so, they have highlighted the fact that many potential loci of modest effect remain undetected, partly due to the need for samples consisting of many thousands of individuals. Large‐scale international initiatives, such as the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, the Genetic Association Information Network, and the database of genetic and phenotypic information, aim to facilitate discovery of modest‐effect genes by making genome‐wide data publicly available, allowing information to be combined for the purpose of pooled analysis. In principle, disease or control samples from these studies could be used to increase the power of any GWA study via judicious use as “genetically matched controls” for other traits. Here, we present the biological motivation for the problem and the theoretical potential for expanding the control group with publicly available disease or reference samples. We demonstrate that a naïve application of this strategy can greatly inflate the false‐positive error rate in the presence of population structure. As a remedy, we make use of genome‐wide data and model selection techniques to identify “axes” of genetic variation which are associated with disease. These axes are then included as covariates in association analysis to correct for population structure, which can result in increases in power over standard analysis of genetic information from the samples in the original GWA study. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 319–326, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatial pattern of infiltration rate and its effect on hydrological processes in a small headwater catchment
Authors: Miyata Shusuke , Kosugi Ken'ichirou , Nishi Yotaro , Gomi Takashi , Sidle Roy C. , Mizuyama Takahisa 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOverland flow, which occurs when the rainfall intensity exceeds the infiltration rate, is an important factor in hillslope hydrological processes. Recent studies have suggested that a cause of Hortonian overland flow on forested hillslopes is the water repellency of surface soils. However, few studies have addressed the contribution of overland flow on storm runoff in such catchments. The overland flow generated on hillslopes needs to reach stream channels in order to contribute to storm runoff from a catchment. Therefore, the spatial pattern of the infiltration rate in a hillslope is essential for understanding the contribution of overland flow on storm runoff. To clarify the spatial pattern of infiltration for a hillslope, and its effect on overland flow generation and storm runoff from a small catchment with water repellent surface soil, we conducted artificial rainfall experiments along a hillslope transect (49 m) on 15 occasions over 20 months and measured the overland flow at a hillslope plot (8 × 20 m), stream flow at an outlet of a small catchment (0·43 ha), and the matric potential head along the hillslope transect. The replicated measurements suggest that the relationship between the infiltration rate and soil moisture was positive due to the impact of soil water repellency, and that the infiltration rate in the lower part of the hillslope was significantly higher than that of the upper and middle parts. Overland flow for individual storms measured at the plot scale was generally greater during dry periods than wet periods, suggesting that water repellency reduced the infiltration rate in dry periods as noted at the experiment plot scale. In contrast, stormflow for all events during wet and dry periods showed the opposite trend, indicating that the impact of soil water repellency during dry periods was not sufficient or continuous enough to cause measurable increases in stormflow. For a storm event < 100 mm in total precipitation, the comparison of hydrological responses during storm events between the dry and wet periods suggests that subsurface flow rather than Hortonian overland flow contributed to the storm runoff even though a substantial amount of overland flow was generated in the hillslope plot. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying the impact of forest management practice on the runoff of the surface‐derived suspended sediment using fallout radionuclides
Authors: Fukuyama Taijiro , Onda Yuichi , Gomi Takashi , Yamamoto Kazukiyo , Kondo Naoto , Miyata Shusuke , Kosugi Ken'ichiro , Mizugaki Shigeru , Tsubonuma Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn order to quantify the impact of the abandonment of forest management practices on the runoff of surface‐derived suspended sediment at the catchment scale, we compared the relative contributions of surface soil erosion among Japanese cypress plantation catchments with different stand densities and surface coverage in a 4·9‐ha nested catchment. Source fingerprinting of suspended sediments was conducted using the fallout radionuclides Cs‐137 and Pb‐210ex. Eroded material from hillslope plots having different forest conditions and stream bank material were used as surface and subsurface sediment sources, respectively. The nested watershed monitoring of erosional behaviour and particulate runoff of radionuclides demonstrated decreases in the activities of radionuclides at downstream sampling sites. Hence, the scaling effect of catchments and forest conditions can affect the development of the concentration of surface‐derived material in stream water. An indicator of the forest condition, particularly the surface coverage, light condition of the forest floor was quantified. At the catchment of a thinned plantation with dense understory vegetation, all suspended sediment was calculated to be derived only from subsurface erosion. In contrast, at the catchment of a slightly thinned plantation, the highest proportion of surface erosion (67·8 ± 3·7%) was estimated. Therefore, the forest condition, particularly the light condition at the forest floor, which is related to the ground surface coverage, affects the magnitude of surface soil erosion and the particulate runoff of surface soil. It is suggested that forest management can affect the overland flow generation, stability of the surface soil and associated elements, and downstream water quality. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of monthly and seasonal synthetic extreme values of the Neyman–Scott rainfall model
Authors: Mondonedo Carlo A. , Tachikawa Yasuto , Takara Kaoru 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Neyman–Scott clustered Poisson rectangular pulse rainfall model was investigated on the basis of its performance regarding the generation of consistent synthetic extreme values relative to historical counterparts. Rainfall extremes are evaluated in 1‐, 6‐, 12‐, 24‐, and 48‐h durations. These maximum rainfall values were pooled per calendar month during the Japanese rainy season from June to October. Rainfall data were obtained from the Japan Meteorological Agency Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) from the mountainous region of Kamishiiba in Kyushu, Japan, as well as from the maritime area of Naha in Okinawa. Based on the traditional parameter searches of the Neyman–Scott rainfall model, we demonstrate that the model could be further improved, mostly via applications of monthly data. Therefore, we reformulated the model rain cell intensity from a single‐parameter exponential distribution to a two‐parameter gamma distribution or a two‐parameter Weibull distribution. In addition, we investigated the synthetic maximum rainfall values when the third central moment equation of rainfall intensity is included in the parameter search. The results of modifying a rain cell distribution and parameter searches, including the third moment, show a significant improvement in the consistency of extreme rainfall values. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retracted: The inter‐relationship between intellectual property and international insolvency
Authors: Malkawi Bashar H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe following article from International Insolvency Review, “The inter‐relationship between intellectual property and international insolvency” by Bashar H. Malkawi, published online on 13 Jan 2010 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com), has been retracted by agreement between the author, the journal editor, and John Wiley & Sons. The retraction has been agreed due to significant overlap between this and another paper: “The fate of intellectual property assets in cross‐border insolvency proceedings” by Nadine Farid published in Gonzaga Law Review, 44(1). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting financial volatility of the Athens stock exchange daily returns: an application of the asymmetric normal mixture GARCH model
Authors: Drakos Anastassios A. , Kouretas Georgios P. , Zarangas Leonidas P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this paper we model the return volatility of stocks traded in the Athens Stock Exchange using alternative GARCH models. We employ daily data for the period January 1998 to November 2008 allowing us to capture possible positive and negative effects that may be due to either contagion or idiosyncratic sources. The econometric analysis is based on the estimation of a class of five GARCH models under alternative assumptions with respect to the error distribution. The main findings of our analysis are: first, based on a battery of diagnostic tests it is shown that the normal mixture asymmetric GARCH (NM‐AGARCH) models perform better in modeling the volatility of stock returns. Second, it is shown that with the use of the Kupiec's tests for in‐sample and out‐of‐sample forecasting performance the evidence is mixed as the choice of the appropriate volatility model depends on the trading position under consideration. Third, at the 99% confidence interval the NM‐AGARCH model with skewed Student‐distribution outperforms all other competing models both for in‐sample and out‐of‐sample forecasting performance. This increase in predictive performance for higher confidence intervals of the NM‐AGARCH model with skewed Student‐distribution makes this specification consistent with the requirements of the Basel II agreement. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.