bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper Toxicity of the Cotton Plant in Solution Cultures1
Authors: Sowell W. F. , Rouse R. D. , Wear John I. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisCotton plants growing in solution culture containing a copper concentration of 0.8 ppm. or higher developed toxicity symptoms consisting of a darkened root system and loss of turgidity in the aerial parts. A copper concentration of 0.4 ppm. produced no toxic effects.Copper accumulated in high amounts in the tip and mid portions of the roo's; whereas, only small amounts were translocated to the leaves.
Cross‐Incompatibility in Maize1
Authors: Whiteley J. R. , Thomas W. I. , Johnson I. J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisClassification of F2 and backcross populations between dent‐incompatible and dent‐compatible lines indicated in general that they possessed Gas and ga alleles respectively for incompatibility and compatibility to dent corn pollen. However, some inbreds appeared to possess alleles either differing from the type Gas and ga or possessed modifying genes which altered the dent in compatibility reaction.
Effect of Visual Selection During Inbreeding Upon Combining Ability in Corn1
Authors: Osler R. D. , Wellhausen E. J. , Palacios Gilberto 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisVisual selection during successive generations of inbreeding in corn resulted in significant improvement in yield, ear appearance and plant appearance by 57%, 60% and 41%, respectively, of the 134 specific hybrid combinations. The visual selection for yield and ear appearance was more effective in introduced than in local, well‐adapted lines. For plant appaarance the visual selection was more eftective in local, well‐adapted lines.
Effect of Delayed Harvest on Quality of Soft Red Winter Wheat1
Authors: Pool Mart , Patterson Fred L. , Bode C. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSoft red winter wheats decreased significantly in test weight, increased significantly in kernel softness, and increased in amount of fine flour produced during milling of samples obtained over a delayed harvest period of about 45 days. Protein and ash percentages were unchanged. Small changes occurred in flour viscosities, dough miring characteristics and in cookie size and top grain.
Inheritance and Linkage of Pollen Fertility Restoration in Cytoplasmic Male‐Sterile Crosses of Corn1
Authors: Blickenstaff Joyce , Thompson D. L. , Harvey P. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisPollen fertility restoration in cytoplasmic male‐sterile crosses of corn was found to be due primarily to a single dominant gene (Rf) located on chromosome 3. A positive relationship was noted in some crosses between pollen fertility and plant height. Long photoperiod and possibly high temperature were concluded to have an inhibiting effect on fertility restoration of some inbreds.
Relationship Between Evapotranspiration and Yields of Crops Grown in Lysimeters Receiving Natural Rainfall1
Authors: Allison F. E. , Roller E. M. , Raney W. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisLosses of water to the air from cropped lysimeters were greater than from bare soil, and were directly correlated with crop yields regardless of crop rotation. Efficiency of water use was favored by high‐yielding, well‐fertilized crops that kept the soil constantly covered.
Cytology and Crossing Behavior of a Haploid Alfalfa Plant1
Authors: Stanford E. H. , Clement W. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIn a haploid alfalfa plant arising from the California common variety meiosis was essentially regular with bivalent formation predominating. One quadrivalent appeared arising from a reciprocal translocation. Reduced gametes were rarely functional. Polyploid gametes were viable and appeared with relatively high frequency. The good pairing at metaphase would indicate that common alfalfa is essentially an autotetraploid.
Effect of Irradiation with Thermal Neutrons on Control and Vernalised Seeds of Mustard
Authors: Sen Boshi , Joshi H. C. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIrradiation of seed caused increased mortality of seedlings and diminution in lengths of their hypocotyls and roots. It did not destroy the effect of vernalization. Only 22 mutants were found in 1331 F3 progeny of irradiated seed.
Radiation‐Induced Mutations for Stem Rust Resistance in Oats1
Authors: Konzak C. F. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisResistant variants observed in earlier experiments were found to result from field hybridization. New experiments yielded variants at low frequency in one instance but none in another. One mutant showed a previously unknown temperature‐sensitive response for resistance to race 7A of Puccinia graminis avenae.
Expected Genetic Gain in Yield in Small Grain. A Geometrical Interpretation1
Authors: Grafius J. E. , Wiebe G. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisYield in small grain was described as a rectangular parallelepiped with edges X, Y, and Z representing the number of heads per unit area, number of kernels per head, and average kernel weight, respectively. A relatively simple tool was devised to show whether it is better to select for or increase one edge alone, or two edges, or three edges in order to give the greatest gain in volume or yield.
Evapotranspiration in Relation to the Development of the Corn Crop1
Authors: Denmead O. T. , Shaw R. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe corn crop in Iowa approaches the condition of a green crop, actively growing and completely shading the ground for a period of only 2 to 3 weeks during its growing season. In this period the ratio of evapotranspiration to open pan evaporation is 0.81. Before this period the ratio increases with increasing leaf area, and afterwards declines with declining physiological activity of the crop.
The Influence of Nutrient Balance on Yield and Lodging of Texas Hybrid Corn No. 28
Authors: Fisher Flake L. , Smith Oliver E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSoil nutrient balance had to be maintained along with at least 10,000 plants per acre to obtain good corn yields. Yield was shown to be a function of plant lodging, which was increased by nitrogen fertilization and decreased by potassium.
Toxic and Nutritional Effects of Organic Compounds on Ladino Clover Seedlings1
Authors: Routley D. G. , Sullivan J. T. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisAmino acids and nucleic acid compounds were with few exceptions nontoxic to Ladino clover seedlings and served as sources of nitrogen to the seedlings. Many compounds, including alkaloids, were toxic and did not serve as sources of nitrogen.
Influence of Date of Planting on Yield and Yield Components in Grain Sorghum1
Authors: Stickler F. C. , Pauli A. W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSignificant variety, date, and variety × date interaction variances were found for grain yield and for the three components of yield. Tillers contributed differentially to total yield over planting dates and genotypes. Grain yield was significantly correlated with 2 and 3 of the yield components, respectively, in 1958 and 1959. Except for one instance, yield components were mutually independent. Leaf area and yield were not significantly correlated.
A Punched Card System for Soil Scientists1
Authors: Clapp C. E. , Davis R. J. , Owens L. D. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA general classification scheme is presented for indexing literature references for soil science and related subjects by means of punched cards. The necessary equipment is described. A code system for soil scientists is summarized and various features of its use are set forth. The advantages of the punched card technique over alternative methods are discussed.
Effect of Various Rates and Frequencies of Potassium Application on Yield and Chemical Composition of Alfalfa and Alfalfa‐Orchardgrass1
Authors: Kresge C. B. , Younts S. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisMost efficient utilization of potassium by alfalfa and alfalfa‐orchardgrass was obtained when potassium was evenly split and applied in early spring and after the first cutting. Efficiency was reflected by (1) less applied potassium needed for maximum yield, (2) good potassium recovery by the plant, and (3) favorable distribution of potassium in the plant throughout the growing season.
Effects of Management Practices on Forage Yield and Percent Protein in Blue Panicgrass, Panicum antidotale Retz.1
Authors: Wright Neal 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisBlue panicgrass forage yield and percent protein were increased by nitrogen fertilizer. Highly significant positive correlation coefficients between yield and percent protein were found. Maturity stage and clipping height significantly influenced yield. Percent protein significantly decreased as blue panicgrass matured. The soilmoisture‐stress treatments did not significantly influence yield or percent protein. Percent dry matter decreased as nitrogen level increased. Significant differences in dry matter percent were found among harvest dates and replications.
Effect of Sulfur Applied and Date of Harvest on Yield, Sulfate Sulfur Concentration, and Total Sulfur Uptake of Five Annual Grassland Species1
Authors: Jones Milton B. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThere were differences in yield, SO4‐S concentration, and total S uptake among competing species growing at different levels of available S. Yield response to S increased as the season advanced, but the concentration of total S and SO4‐S in the plants decreased. The SO4‐S concentration in each of the species where no S was applied was indicative of S deficiency. The SO4‐S concentration in subclover at flowering appeared to be the best single indicator of S status.
Effect of Plant Population and Planting Pattern of Corn on the Distribution of Net Radiation1
Authors: Yao Augustine Y. M. , Shaw R. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisNet radiation 1 meter above the crop and 6 inches above the soil surface was measured in a corn field planted with different populations and planting patterns. The ratio of the net radiation at the ground to that above the crop showed that a higher rate of planting resulted in a lower value of the ratio. With the same population, the closer the row spacing the lower was the ratio.
Effects of Soil Moisture Regime on Yield, Nutrient Content, and Evapotranspiration for Three Annual Forage Species1
Authors: Bennett O. L. , Doss B. D. , Ashley D. A. , Kilmer V. J. , Richardson E. C. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisYields of Sudangrass, Starr millet, and Sart sorghum and evapotransipiration rates increased as available soil moisture level increased. Sart sorghum produced highest yield at all three moisture regimes. In general, nitrogen and potassium concentrations in plant tissue decreased with increasing soil moisture, but total uptake was usually higher with irrigation.
Applied and Native Soil Potassium as Affected by Drying1
Authors: Takyi Samuel K. , Caldwell A. C. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisUptake of K by sorghum from K‐treated soils increased with increasing intensity of drying. Applying K to soils before drying generally resulted in lower K adsorption by sorghum than applying K to soils after drying.
Correlation of the Tetrazolium Test with Germination Tests of Wheat Stored Under Different Conditions1
Authors: Cinki Sevim , Ching T. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSeed germination capacity and TZ reactive viability were found to be highly correlated in wheat with mechanical damages, insect infestation, and different storage conditions. Data indicated that a modification of TZ test procedure should be developed for canned and overly dehydrated seeds.
Estimation of Asymptotic Rotation and Nitrogen Effects1
Authors: Fuller W. A. , Cady F. B. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisTime rates of change in corn yields under nitrogen fertilization in a long term experiment are estimated. The experiment includes four rotations, each containing two years of corn and from zero to three years of meadow. Three levels of nitrogen are applied to the corn in each rotation. A model is presented which is characterized by the measuring of time in terms of rotation cycles and by the assumption of an exponential approach to a limiting value.
Relative Yield and Composition of Ky. 31 Fescue and Coastal Bermudagrass at Four Nitrogen Levels1
Authors: Hallock D. L. , Brown R. H. , Blaser R. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisMaximum yields of 3.4 and 7.9 tons per acre of Ky. 31 fescue and Coastal bermuda, respectively, were obtained on Ruston loamy fine sand fertilized with up to 800 pounds of N per acre. Near maximum yields were obtained from 200 and 400 pounds of N per acre on fescue and Coastal bermuda, respectively. Coastal bermuda produced twice as much crude protein as fescue. Severe thinning of fescue stands occurred at the 400‐ and 800‐pound rates of N. Water soluble carbohydrate was considerably lower in fescue at these high rates of N.
Reduction of Nitrogen Losses Under Irrigation by Coating Fertilizer Granules1
Authors: Heilman M. D. , Thomas J. R. , Namken L. N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractResin‐coated and noncoated NH4NO3 fertilizers were compared on irrigated soils with free drainage.In the greenhouse studies, coated NH4NO3 at rates of 150, 300, 600, and 1200 mg N per pot were more efficient than noncoated NH4NO3 at the same rates in increasing forage yield and N content of blue panicgrass.Coating the fertilizer particles did not affect cabbage yields under field conditions. However, increasing the coating thickness significantly reduced the N content of the cabbage.N uptake and cabbage yields decreased significantly as soil moisture availability decreased.NO3− and mineralizable N levels in the soil indicated that the resinous membrane, by controlling fertilizer dissolution, reduced N leaching losses.
Gypsum and Elemental Sulfur as Fertilizers on Annual Grassland1
Authors: Jones M. B. , Ruckman J. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGypsum and elemental S, each fine enough to pass through a 100‐mesh screen, were applied at equivalent rates in each of 4 years to soils deficient in S. Forage yields, percent clover, total S uptake, and concentration of S in the plants were recorded over a 5‐year period. The two sources of S were equally effective in increasing yield, S uptake and concentration in the forage, and percentage of clover in the stand the first season after application. However, more S from gypsum than from elemental S was taken up during the winter of the first year, while the reverse was true for the following spring. In the second season after treatment, forage production from elemental S approximated that of the first year; however, yields from gypsum were significantly less than in the first year. In subsequent years forage production declined until there was no significant effect from gypsum in the fourth season nor from elemental S in the fifth season. A significant increase in S uptake and percent S in the forage from gypsum was measured the second year; however, with elemental S a significant increase in S uptake persisted through the third year. Percentage clover declined rapidly with each additional year following application with the decline more rapid where gypsum was applied. Efficiency of the S applied varied from 13 to 34%.
Effect of Sawdust on the Germination and Seedling Growth of Several Turfgrasses1
Authors: Waddington D. V. , Lincoln W. C. , Troll J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStudies conducted to determine the effect of sawdust on several turfgrass species indicated that germination and seedling growth may be suppressed by the use of some fresh sawdust materials. Grass was grown in soilsawdust mixtures and germination tests were made using cold water extracts from sawdust. The most severe toxic effects were noted with sawdust from ash and red oak. Abnormal seedlings with stunted roots occurred when seed was germinated in extracts from these materials. Nitrogen fertilization of soil‐sawdust mixtures did not overcome these toxic effects. ‘Merion’ Kentucky bluegrass seems to be more susceptible to the injurious effects than ‘Pennlawn’ creeping red fescue and ‘Highland’ and ‘Seaside’ bentgrasses. The adverse effects were not apparent in sawdust which had weathered for 2 and 7 months.
Factors in Interstrain Variation in Zinc Content of Maize (Zea mays L.) Kernels1
Authors: Massey H. F. , Loeffel Frank A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn 31 inbred lines of maize, which varied widely in Zn concentration of the kernels, the germ (plus embryo), pericarp, and endosperm were found on the average to contain 138, 46, and 9.9 ppm Zn, respectively. The concentration of Zn in each of these kernel components varied widely among the 31 inbreds, however, and the concentration of Zn in the kernel could not be predicted from the relative size of the kernel components. In greenhouse experiments with 32 inbreds, Zn concentration in the kernel was not correlated with Zn uptake by plants or Zn concentration in plants grown on either Zn‐deficient or Zn‐fertilized soil. In field experiments, however, variation among inbred lines in their concentration of Zn in the kernel did appear to be related to the general level of Zn in the plant, but this factor was greatly modified by the extent to which the inbred was able to transfer Zn from the stalk and leaves to the ear. Inbreds Ky211 and Ky209 transferred approximately one‐third of their stalk and leaf Zn to the ear during grain formation. Approximately one‐fourth of the gain in ear Zn from tasseling to maturity by Ky209 × Ky21l could be accounted for by transfer from the stalk and a slight additional amount by transfer from the leaves.
Hydroponics as a Medium for Production of Tree Planting Stock1
Authors: Wilde S. A. , Spyridakis D. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper describes the technique of raising tree planting stock in nutrient solutions and summarizes the results of the field performance of hydroponically produced plants as observed during the past 20 years in Wisconsin. Raising tree seedlings in solutions for a period of from 6 to 12 weeks and the subsequent hardening of trees in nursery beds provided in 1 year planting stock which was fully comparable in size and growth potential to 3‐year‐old (2‐1) transplants. Successful field trials included Alnus glutinosa, Thuja occidentalis, Picea glauca, Picea pungens, and Pinus resinosa; a stand of the latter tree is now 18 years old. Catalpa speciosa showed a remarkably rapid growth upon transplanting to nursery beds, but produced unmanageably bulky root systems.The success of stock production depended upon suitable adjustment of nutrient solutions, control of their pH values and degree of oxygenation, and occasional pruning of roots. For afforestation of prairie soils, the stock required inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. Significant advantages of hydroponic cultures are freedom of plants from damage by parasitic organisms and corresponding savings on biocides.Under present conditions, the possibility of a wider use of tree hydroponics appears to be confined largely to the production of ornamental conifers which exhibit a very slow growth in nursery beds. Hydroponic cultures may also supplement in part the output of forest nurseries, serving largely as an outlet for employment of nursery personnel during the inactive period.
Effect of Population and Row Width on Corn Silage Yields1
Authors: Rutger J. N. , Crowder L. V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree corn hybrids were evaluated at two locations for 3 years at 50, 88, and 125 thousand plants per hectare in 92‐cm row widths. Two additional row widths, 46 cm and a double row (paired rows 15 cm apart, with 92 cm from the middle of one pair to the middle of the next pair) were employed at the 88,000 planting rate. Maturity was delayed at increasing populations. The amount of dry shelled grain (DSG) in the silage decreased at the higher populations. Total dry matter (TDM) increased about 6% as the population was raised from 50,000 to 88,000 plants. TDM yield at 125,000 plants was the same as at 88,000 plants per hectare. The DSG/TDM ratio decreased as populations were increased. Changing the row width within the 88,000 planting rate had no appreciable effect on the silage characters measured. There was no indication of a hybrid ✕ population (or row width) interaction for any of the characters.
Effect of Paraquat on the Nitrogen Content and Regrowth of Coastal Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.)
Authors: Agbakoba S. C. O. , Goodin J. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe nitrogen content and regrowth potential of 'Coastal' bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) was investigated following treatment with paraquat. Two rates of fertilizer, 73.7 kg /ha and 1.5 kg/ha, were applied before paraquat application. Five weeks later paraquat was sprayed at the rate of 0.45 kg/ha.Grass samples were collected at intervals and freezedried, and nitrogen content was determined. Regrowth was evaluated as height and number of new shoots developed from cut stubble of paraquat‐treated plants.High nitrogen fertilizer applications significantly increased the nitrogen content of Coastal bermudagrass. When these plants were sprayed with paraquat, loss of nitrogen occurred less rapidly than in control plants. Seven weeks following paraquat treatment, the number of shoots produced in regrowth was only about half that of controls. However, there was no difference in the total fresh weight. These results suggest the possibility of using high rates of nitrogen fertilization and the subsequent curing of foliage with paraquat to maintain protein content for an extended period.
Errors in Sampling and Infrared Analysis of CO2 in Air and Their Influence in Determination of Net Photosynthetic Rate1
Authors: Brown K. W. , Rosenberg Norman J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractErrors which may arise in sampling and infrared analysis of CO2 concentration in air are discussed. A pressurization technique for calibrating a CO2 analyzer is described. A method for calculating the standard deviation of the rate of photosynthesis based on errors in all measured parameters is presented.
Seasonal Variation in Carbohydrate Root Reserves and Crude Protein and Tannin in Crownvetch Forage, Coronilla varia L.1
Authors: Langille Alan R. , McKee Guy W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeasonal trends in carbohydrate root reserves of ‘Penngift’ crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) were similar to those reported for alfalfa but absolute levels approximated those reported for ‘Empire’ birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Date of clipping had little effect on seasonal trends in carbohydrate root reserves other than a transient depression following clipping. Clipping to a 9‐cm height in late summer or early fall did not significantly affect the seasonal pattern of carbohydrate root reserves or lead to winter injury.The crude protein content of forage of uncut plants of Penngift crownvetch decreased almost linearly from 30% in the spring to 11% in the fall. Growth stage had more influence on protein content of forage than date of clipping, level of root reserves, soil moisture, or soil temperature.Tannin content of crownvetch forage averaged 1.90% tannic acid equivalent, no higher than that observed for red clover or alfalfa. Tannin content did not vary significantly throughout the growing season or by stage of growth.
Effect of Irrigation on Recovery of Applied Nitrogen by Cotton1
Authors: Doss B. D. , Scarsbrook C. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractField studies were conducted on a Greenville fine sandy loam to determine the effects of soil moisture regime and N rate on recovery of applied N by cotton. In general, irrigation decreased the percentage of N in plants but tended to increase total N uptake as a result of the increase in dry matter production. Applied N increased both the N percentage and total N uptake of plants, either with or without irrigation.The slopes of the linear regression equations for nitrogen recovery on nitrogen applied for irrigated cotton were about twice as large as those for unirrigated cotton.Five years data for both irrigated and unirrigated cotton closely fits the regression equation log Y = 2.333 + 0.727 log X, where Y = dry matter yield and X — N uptake.