bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous lidocaine has no impact on rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular block. Randomised study
Authors: CZARNETZKI C. , LYSAKOWSKI C. , ELIA N. , TRAMÈR M. R. 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundIntravenous lidocaine is increasingly used in surgical patients. As it has neuromuscular blocking effects, we tested the impact of an intravenous lidocaine infusion on the time course of a rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular block.MethodsFifty‐two adults undergoing surgery were randomly allocated to intravenous lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg followed by a continuous infusion of 2 mg/kg/h or physiological saline (control) throughout surgery. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with a target‐controlled propofol infusion and sufentanil. After loss of consciousness, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was given. Neuromuscular transmission was measured using train‐of‐four (TOF)‐watch SX (Organon, Swords Co., Dublin, Ireland) acceleromyography.ResultsOnset time (to 95% depression of first twitch) was on average 113.9 s (standard deviation 35.3) with lidocaine and 119.5 s (44.9) with saline (P = 0.618). Total recovery time (TOF ratio 0.9) was on average 58.1 min (15.1) with lidocaine and 54.3 min (16.9) with saline (P = 0.394). Clinical duration (until first twitch has recovered to 25%) was on average 33.3 min (7.2) with lidocaine and 30.6 min (8.1) with saline (P = 0.21). Recovery index (time between 25% and 75% recovery of the first twitch) was on average 11.5 min (5.0) with lidocaine and 10.6 min (4.1) with saline (P = 0.458). Recovery time (between 25% recovery of the first twitch and TOF ratio 0.9) was on average 24.8 min (9.3) with lidocaine and 23.2 min (9.2) with saline (P = 0.541).ConclusionA continuous intravenous infusion of lidocaine has no impact on the time course of the neuromuscular blockade induced by a standard intubation dose of rocuronium.
Verification of endotracheal intubation in obese patients – temporal comparison of ultrasound vs. auscultation and capnography
Authors: PFEIFFER P. , BACHE S. , ISBYE D. L. , RUDOLPH S. S. , ROVSING L. , BØRGLUM J. 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundUltrasound (US) may have an emerging role as an adjunct in verification of endotracheal intubation. Obtaining optimal US images in obese patients is generally regarded more difficult than for other patients. This study compared the time consumption of bilateral lung US with auscultation and capnography for verifying endotracheal intubation in obese patients.MethodsA prospective, paired and investigator‐blinded study performed in the operating theatre. Twenty‐four adult patients requiring endotracheal intubation for bariatric surgery were included. During post‐intubation bag ventilation, bilateral lung US was performed for detection of lungsliding indicating lung ventilation simultaneous with capnography and auscultation of epigastrium and chest. Primary outcome measure was the time difference to confirmed endotracheal intubation between US and auscultation alone. The secondary outcome measure was time difference between US and auscultation combined with capnography.ResultsBoth methods verified endotracheal tube placement in all patients. No significant difference was found between US compared with auscultation alone. Median time for verification by auscultation alone was 47.5 s [interquartile (IQR) 40–51 s], with a mean difference of −0.3 s in favor of US (95% confidence interval −3.5–2.9 s) P = 0.87. Comparing US with the combination of auscultation and capnography, there was a significant difference between the two methods. Median time for verification by US was 43 s (IQR 40–51 s) vs. 55 s (IQR 46–65 s), P < 0.0001.ConclusionIn obese patients, verification of endotracheal tube placement with US is as fast as auscultation alone and faster than the standard method of auscultation and capnography.
A summary of findings from the 5‐year ProSafeBeef project
Authors: O'Connor Á. , Wyness L. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryBeef‐related health scares have, in the past, played a role in decreased consumer confidence in purchasing beef in developed countries. Beef that is safe, nutritious and of good eating quality is of increasing importance to beef consumers. Over the past 5 years, research has been carried out in the ProSafeBeef project to develop technologies and/or processes to ensure that the European beef chain thrives. Research has been conducted in a number of areas including food safety, nutrition, novel‐processed beef products and consumer research. ProSafeBeef has made ground‐breaking advances in these areas and some of the key successes emerging from ProSafeBeef are highlighted in this paper.
Problems of Nationalism and Historical Memory in China's Relations with Japan
Authors: CUI SHUNJI 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper employs concepts and analytical frameworks drawn from Sociology, particularly collective memory, to examine China's attempts – and the limitations of those attempts – to improve relations with Japan in the new century. In particular, it focuses on a specific episode, the attempt to bring “new thinking” to Sino‐Japanese relations. It concludes that the difficulties and complexities are the product of many factors. In the first place, CCP is constrained by its own definition of nationalism and national identity. Secondly, Beijing's control mechanisms and its ability to direct nationalist discourse in ways convenient to itself are challenged by the rise of popular nationalistic sentiment. In addition, the rise of revisionist nationalism in Japan further complicates Beijing's stance toward Japan. The achievement of China's vision of harmonious world and of “Mutually Beneficial” relations with Japan will depend on how well China handles the delicate matters of the construction of national identity and the basis of government legitimacy.
The Prison and the Anti‐Colonialist in British Malaya
Authors: KHAIRUDIN ALJUNIED SYED MUHD 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article argues for the need to view imprisonment as a transformational experience for anti‐colonialists in British Malaya and beyond. Colonial prisons were fertile grounds that led to the shaping and restructuring of anti‐colonial sentiments. They were also spaces where new forms of collective action, compromises and adaptations emerged. As will be shown, anti‐colonialists' subjectivities and positions shifted from initial feelings of fear and submissiveness upon incarceration to the articulation of collective resistance and the manifestation of attempts to subvert and destabilize the colonial structures that bore down upon them. Such circumstances led to the alteration of the everyday practices not only of the colonized, but also of those in positions of authority.
TIME TO MARKET AND IMPATIENT CUSTOMERS
Authors: Martínez‐Sánchez Francisco 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTWe analyse the decision of firms about when to launch their products on the market when they produce differentiated goods and compete on prices. We find two subgame perfect equilibria: one in which the high‐quality firm holds its leadership in quality, and another in which the low‐quality firm leapfrogs its rival. When the initial level of differentiation is high enough, the low‐quality firm always launches first. Finally, we extend this model to analyse commercial piracy. We obtain that pirates are highly unlikely to launch the illegal copy first because they would bear a higher penalty and a higher risk of being detected.
The conjugations of Colonial Otomi
Authors: Palancar Enrique L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPedro de Cárceres, a Spanish friar from New Spain (Mexico), wrote the first grammar of Otomi (Oto‐Pamean, Oto‐Manguean) in 1580. The stage of the Otomi language reflected in Cárceres is called ‘Colonial Otomi’ (sixteenth and seventeenth centuries). Later, dialectal diversification gave rise to a family of different languages. Cárceres describes Colonial Otomi as having two verb conjugations. However, modern languages displaying great morphological innovation (e.g. Mezquital Otomi) show no trace of such conjugations. This led some authors to discredit Cárceres’ work by portraying it as confusing and inaccurate. In this article, I show that the analysis by Cárceres is fundamentally right, and I propose that many of the inconsistencies in his work can be solved by positing three conjugations instead of two, especially in the light of the evidence from modern languages like Tilapa Otomi, which has preserved three such conjugations.
Dividing lines: the Changing syntax and prosody of the mid‐line break in Medieval French octosyllabic verse
Authors: Rainsford T. M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe earliest French eight‐syllable verse texts show a regular line division after the fourth syllable. This mid‐line break becomes less common and disappears over the course of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Both a phonological phrase boundary and a stressed syllable are typically used to mark the division. Where the stressed syllable is not word‐final, authors choose to displace either the break or the stressed syllable from the mid‐line position, with preferences varying by author. The presence of any such tendency to regularize stressed syllable position is argued to show the continued saliency of linguistic stress in twelfth‐century French.
Extraordinary Cities: Early ‘City‐ness’ and the Origins of Agriculture and States
Authors: TAYLOR PETER J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractI explore the ramifications of applying some recent research on cities, built on the work of Jane Jacobs, to early city development. A communications approach to ‘city‐ness’ is offered as a way of understanding early cities as qualitatively new social worlds enabling world‐changing processes. Returning to Jacobs' use of Çatalhöyük to push back the timing of the first cities, I review recent work on the site to support her thesis. In the process I also argue in favour of her controversial thesis of cities inventing agriculture using Sahlin's ‘stone age economics’. Further, and going beyond Jacobs, I argue that states were also invented in cities and harness evidence for this in Mesopotamian studies. In both cases I provide generic conclusions that briefly indicate examples from other parts of the world.RésuméDes études récentes sur les villes, fondées sur le travail de Jane Jacobs, sont appliquées au développement des villes primitives, créant des ramifications explorées ici. Une approche de la nature urbaine (‘cityness’) par les communications permet d’appréhender les villes primitives comme des univers sociaux, nouveaux sur un plan qualitatif et ouverts à des processus de changement mondial. Reprenant l’utilisation que Jacobs fait de Çatal Höyük pour repousser la chronologie des premières villes, l’article s’intéresse aux études récentes de ce site qui corroborent sa théorie. En parallèle, s’appuyant sur ‘l’économie des sociétés primitives’ de Sahlin, il défend l’idée controversée de Jacobs selon laquelle les villes ont inventé l’agriculture. Dépassant ensuite Jacobs, il soutient que les États ont aussi été inventés dans les villes, la démonstration tirant ses arguments d’études mésopotamiennes. Dans les deux cas, des conclusions génériques sont présentées, illustrées de courts exemples issus d’autres parties du monde.
Preparation of Refined SiC Patterns from Imprinting of Partially Cross‐Linked Solid Polycarbosilane
Authors: Zhang Kuibao , Fu Zhengyi , Nakayama Tadachika , Okumura Masatoshi , Niihara Koichi 
Published: January 2012

Bulky SiC composites with refined patterns were successfully fabricated from an imprinting lithography process using solid polycarbosilane (PCS) as the ceramic precursor. Structures of the master molds were integrally imprinted to PCS pellets by warm‐pressing of nanoimprinter. Total cracking is effectively prevented by precuring of PCS under air condition. The partially cross‐linked PCS exhibits a degree of thermoplasticity, which facilitates embossing of master molds onto the PCS pellets with pattern sizes ranging from 50 μm to 300 nm. The embossed samples were pyrolyzed up to 1300°C for polymer‐conversion and the prepared patterns can be maintained after the precursor transforms to resultant nanocrystalline SiC composite. Meanwhile, this facile imprinting lithography route is supposed to be capable for the synthesis of SiC patterns with nanosized structures.
Enhancing meaningful learning and self‐efficacy through collaboration between dental hygienist and physiotherapist students – a scholarship project
Authors: Johannsen A , Bolander‐Laksov K , Bjurshammar N , Nordgren B , Fridén C , Hagströmer M 
Published: January 2012

To cite this article:   Int J Dent Hygiene 10, 2012; 270–276  DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2011.00539.x  Johannsen A, Bolander‐Laksov K, Bjurshammar N, Nordgren B, Fridén C, Hagströmer M. Enhancing meaningful learning and self‐efficacy through collaboration between dental hygienist and physiotherapist students – a scholarship project.Abstract:  Introduction: Within the field of Dental Hygiene (DH) and Physiotherapy (PT), students are taught to use an evidence‐based approach. Educators need to consider the nature of evidence‐based practice from the perspective of content knowledge and learning strategies. Such effort to seek best available evidence and to apply a systematic and scholarly approach to teaching and learning is called scholarship of teaching and learning. Objectives: To evaluate the application of the scholarship model including an evidence‐based approach to enhance meaningful learning and self‐efficacy among DH and PT students. Methods: Based on the research on student learning, three central theories were identified (constructivism, meaningful learning and self‐efficacy). These were applied in our context to support learner engagement and the application of prior knowledge in a new situation. The DH students performed an oral health examination on the PT students, and the PT students performed an individual health test on the DH students; both groups used motivational interviewing. Documentation of student’s learning experience was carried out through seminars and questionnaires. Results: The students were overall satisfied with the learning experience. Most appreciated are that it reflected a ‘real’ professional situation and that it also reinforced important learning from their seminars. Conclusion: The scholarship model made the teachers aware of the importance of evidence‐based teaching. Furthermore, the indicators for meaningful learning and increased self‐efficacy were high, and the students became more engaged by practising in a real situation, more aware of other health professions and reflected about tacit knowledge.
Role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ and microinvasion
Authors: Farooq Ansar , Chandrshekar Mysore , Horgan Kieran 
Published: January 2012

Aim:  Ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCISMI) is characterized by one or more areas of focal invasion, 1 mm or less in diameter. While pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) does not have the potential to metastasize to regional nodes, the presence of microinvasion makes lymph node metastasis possible, leading to current guidelines recommending staging of the axilla with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). However, there are few studies looking at the risk of lymphatic spread in patients with DCISMI, and indications for axillary staging in such cases is controversial. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of nodal metastasis in patients with DCISMI in order to help ascertain whether SLNB can be safely avoided in DCISMI.Patients and Methods:  A retrospective analysis was performed of patients undergoing surgery for DCIS over a 2‐year period (April 2006–08). Data were collected from the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme database and patient case notes. Patients having a SLNB had injection of radioisotope and blue dye. All SLNB were evaluated with serial sectioning and haematoxylin–eosin staining.Results:  Over the 2‐year period, 399 screen‐detected breast cancers were treated, of which 310 (77 per cent) were invasive, 17 (4 per cent) had DCISMI and 72 (19 per cent) pure DCIS. The group with DCISMI was studied in more detail. Twelve out of the 17 patients had a wide local excision and five had a mastectomy. All 17 patients with DCISMI had a SLNB. No positive lymph nodes were found in this group.Conclusion:  Our data suggest that the risk of nodal metastasis in DCISMI might be low, and question the role of SLNB in DCISMI. We highlight the lack of data on DCISMI and risk of nodal metastasis, and the need for further investigation.
Vascular endothelial growth factor gene +813CC polymorphism of foetus is associated with preterm labour but not with pre‐eclampsia in Turkish pregnant women
Authors: Atis A. , Oruc O. , Aydin Y. , Cetincelik U. , Goker N. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryWe investigated the effect of polymorphism at +813 locus of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene on predisposition to preterm labour and pre‐eclampsia (PE). We examined polymorphism of the VEGF +813 gene of foetuses from umbilical cord blood in 31 cases of preterm labour, 34 pre‐eclamptic and 58 healthy term labour. VEGF +813 gene polymorphisms were studied using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. In preterm group, foetal CC genotype was found at 80.6%, and CT genotype was seen at 19.4%. No any TT genotype was detected in preterm group. CC genotype of VEGF 813 gene was significantly more frequent than CT genotype (P = 0.04). Foetuses with CC genotype VEGF+813 gene have an increased risk for preterm labour. C allele frequency was 90.3 and 76.7% in preterm and control groups, respectively. T allele frequency was 9.7 and 23.3% in preterm and control groups, respectively. C allele was significantly associated with preterm labour (P = 0.02). OR of C and T alleles for preterm labour was 2.8 (CI: 1.1–7.2). In PE group, foetal CC genotype of +813 locus was found in 67.6%, and CT genotype was seen in 29.4%. Only one TT genotype was detected in 2.9% of PE group. There was no association between PE and VEGF gene genotypes and alleles at +813 locus. These results suggest that foetal VEGF gene polymorphism of +813 CC seems to be highly associated with preterm labour, whereas in PE, foetal VEGF gene polymorphism at +813 locus is not related. Especially, C allele was significantly associated with preterm labour. Carriage of the +813C allele of the VEGF gene has been found 2.8 times increased susceptibility to the development of preterm labour in Turkish women and may be an independent risk factor for prematurity. There was no association between PE and VEGF gene genotypes and alleles at +813 locus. We suggest to search for foetal aetiologies or genetic susceptibility in preterm labour, whereas in PE, not foetal, but maternal susceptibility is to be investigated.
Bursty synchrotron intensity variations of Jovian 6-cm radio emissions and Jupiter's quasi-periodic polar activities
Authors: Lou Yu-Qing , Song Huagang , Liu Yinyu , Yang Meng 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
With reference to Jupiter's south polar quasi-periodic 40–50 min (QP-40) activities and the model scenario for global QP-40 magneto-inertial oscillations of the Jovian inner radiation belt (IRB), we validate relevant predictions and confirmations by amassing empirical evidence from Ulysses, Cassini, Chandra, Galileo, XMM–Newton and the Advanced Composition Explorer for Jupiter's north polar QP-40 activities. We report ground 6-cm radio observations of Jupiter by the Urumqi 25-m telescope for synchrotron intensity bursty variations of the Jovian IRB and show their likely correlations with the recurrent arrival of high-speed solar winds at Jupiter.
Discovery of the longest period rapidly oscillating Ap star HD 177765
Authors: Alentiev D. , Kochukhov O. , Ryabchikova T. , Cunha M. , Tsymbal V. , Weiss W. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
We present the discovery of a long-period, rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) star, HD 177765. Using high-resolution time-series observations obtained with the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph at the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope, we found radial velocity variations with amplitudes 7–150 m s−1 and a period of 23.6 min, exceeding that of any previously known roAp star. The largest pulsation amplitudes are observed for Eu iii, Ce iii and for the narrow core of Hα. We derived the atmospheric parameters and chemical composition of HD 177765, showing this star to be similar to other long-period roAp stars. Comparison with theoretical pulsational models indicates an advanced evolutionary state for HD 177765. Abundance analyses of this and other roAp stars suggest a systematic variation with age of the rare-earth line anomalies seen in cool Ap stars.
Torsion of quadrate and right middle liver lobes and gallbladder in a German Shepherd dog
Authors: Massari F , Verganti S , Secchiero B , Orifici F , Bonfanti U , Romanelli G 
Published: January 2012

Background An 11‐year‐old female German Shepherd was referred for assessment and management of a suspected liver tumour. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed abundant abdominal effusion and a right liver mass in continuity with a cystic structure. The dog had undergone splenectomy for a low‐grade lymphoma 1 year prior.Methods Serum biochemical analysis revealed only a mild increase in alanine aminotransferase. The analysis of the free abdominal fluid showed a modified transudate. Ultrasound confirmed the presence of a hypoechoic lesion involving the right liver lobes, in addition to an over‐distended gallbladder. Computed tomography examination demonstrated a massively dilated gallbladder and lower attenuation of the adjacent liver lobes, with no enhancement on quadrate and right middle liver lobes. The fine needle aspirate was compatible with a mixed subacute to chronic inflammation. Based on the investigational findings, an exploratory coeliotomy was performed.Treatment and outcome The middle right and quadrate liver lobes and the gallbladder were rotated on their axes. The torsed lobes and the cystic duct were removed using a TA stapler without derotating the organs. Histopathological results were suggestive of infarction secondary to torsion of the lobes and gallbladder. The dog recovered from surgery without complications, and 20 months later was in good overall condition.Conclusion Liver lobe torsion is an uncommon condition that rarely affects the right lobes. Gallbladder torsion is even more uncommon. To our knowledge, this is the first recorded case of quadrate and right middle liver lobe and gallbladder torsion.