bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Part I: Improving Wildfire Occurrence Prediction for CONUS Using Deep Learning and Fire Weather Variables
Authors: Earnest Bethany L. , McGovern Amy , Karstens Christopher , Jirak Israel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to build an operational model for predicting wildfire occurrence for the contiguous United States (CONUS) in the 1–10-day range using the U-Net 3+ machine learning model. This paper illustrates the range of model performance resulting from choices made in the modeling process, such as how labels are defined for the model and how input variables are codified for the model. By combining the capabilities of the U-Net 3+ model with a neighborhood loss function, fractions skill score (FSS), we can quantify model success by predictions made both in and around the location of the original fire occurrence label. The model is trained on weather, weather-derived fuel, and topography observational inputs and labels representing fire occurrence. Observational weather, weather-derived fuel, and topography data are sourced from the gridded surface meteorological (gridMET) dataset, a daily, CONUS-wide, high-spatial-resolution dataset of surface meteorological variables. Fire occurrence labels are sourced from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Fire Program Analysis Fire-Occurrence Database (FPA-FOD), which contains spatial wildfire occurrence data for CONUS, combining data sourced from the reporting systems of federal, state, and local organizations. By exploring the many aspects of the modeling process with the added context of model performance, this work builds understanding around the use of deep learning to predict fire occurrence in CONUS.

Significance Statement
Our work seeks to explore the limits to which deep learning can predict wildfire occurrence in CONUS with the ultimate goal of providing decision support to those allocating fire resources during high fire seasons. By exploring with what accuracy and lead time we can provide insights to these persons, we hope to reduce loss of life, reduce damage to property, and improve future event preparedness. We compare two models, one trained on all fires in the continental United States and the other on only large lightning fires. We found that a model trained on all fires produced a higher probability of fire.
Part II: Lessons Learned from Predicting Wildfire Occurrence for CONUS Using Deep Learning and Fire Weather Variables
Authors: Earnest Bethany L. , McGovern Amy , Karstens Christopher , Jirak Israel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper illustrates the lessons learned as we applied the U-Net3+ deep learning model to the task of building an operational model for predicting wildfire occurrence for the contiguous United States (CONUS) in the 1–10-day range. Through the lens of model performance, we explore the reasons for performance improvements made possible by the model. Lessons include the importance of labeling, the impact of information loss in input variables, and the role of operational considerations in the modeling process. This work offers lessons learned for other interdisciplinary researchers working at the intersection of deep learning and fire occurrence prediction with an eye toward operationalization.
High-fat diet enhances cell proliferation and compromises intestinal permeability in a translational canine intestinal organoid model
Authors: Nagao Itsuma , Ambrosini Yoko M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Emerging evidence underscores the responsiveness of the mammalian intestine to dietary cues, notably through the involvement of LGR5 + intestinal stem cells in orchestrating responses to diet-driven signals. However, the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) on these cellular dynamics and their impact on gut integrity remain insufficiently understood. Our study aims to assess the multifaceted interactions between palmitic acid (PA), cell proliferation, and the intestinal epithelial barrier using a canine colonoid model. Canine models, due to their relevance in simulating human intestinal diseases, offer a unique platform to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying HFD derived intestinal dysfunction.

Results
Canine colonoids were subjected to PA exposure, a surrogate for the effects of HFD. This intervention revealed a remarkable augmentation of cell proliferative activity. Furthermore, we observed a parallel reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), indicating altered epithelium barrier integrity. While E-cadherin exhibited consistency, ZO-1 displayed a noteworthy reduction in fluorescence intensity within the PA-exposed group.

Conclusions
By employing canine intestinal organoid systems, we provide compelling insights into the impact of PA on intestinal physiology. These findings underscore the importance of considering both cell proliferative activity and epithelial integrity in comprehending the repercussions of HFDs on intestinal health. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of the consequences of HFD on intestinal homeostasis, utilizing valuable translational in vitro models derived from dogs.
Physician engagement in reproductive health advocacy: findings from a mixed methods evaluation of a leadership and advocacy program
Authors: Jones Heidi E. , Manze Meredith , Brakman Anita , Kwan Amy , Davies MiQuel , Romero Diana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Medical curricula include advocacy competencies, but how much physicians engage in advocacy and what enables this engagement is not well characterized. The authors assessed facilitators and barriers to advocacy identified by physician alumni of a reproductive health advocacy training program.

Methods
The authors present secondary results from a mixed methods program evaluation from 2018 to 2020, using alumni data from a cross-sectional survey (n = 231) and in-depth interviews (IDIs, n = 36). The survey measured engagement in policy, media, professional organization, and medical education advocacy and the value placed on the community fostered by the program (eight questions, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.81). The authors estimated the association of community value score with advocacy engagement using multivariable Poisson regression to estimate prevalence ratios and analyzed IDI data inductively.

Results
Over one third of alumni were highly engaged in legislative policy (n = 90, 39%), professional organizations (n = 98, 42%), or medical education (n = 89, 39%), with fewer highly active in media-based advocacy (n = 54, 23%) in the year prior to the survey. Survey and IDI data demonstrated that passion, sense of urgency, confidence in skills, and the program’s emphasis on different forms of advocacy facilitated engagement in advocacy, while insufficient time, safety concerns, and sense of effort redundancies were barriers. The program community was also an important facilitator, especially for “out loud” efforts and for those working in environments perceived as hostile to abortion care (e.g., alumni in hostile environments with high community value scores were 1.8 times [95% CI 1.3, 2.6] as likely to report medium/high levels of media advocacy compared to those with low scores after adjusting for age, gender, and clinical specialty).

Conclusion
Physician advocacy training curricula should include both skills- and community-building and identify a full range of forms of advocacy. Community-building is especially important for physician advocacy for reproductive health services such as abortion care.
Exploring new frontiers: cell surface vimentin as an emerging marker for circulating tumor cells and a promising therapeutic target in advanced gastric Cancer
Authors: Li Heming , Zhu Yang-Zhuangzhuang , Xu Lu , Han Tao , Luan Jiasi , Li Xin , Liu Yuting , Wang Zhi , Liu Qiuge , Kong Xiangyu , Zou Chunpu , Su Lin , Hou Yifei , Chen Xiao , Chen Lujun , Wang Ruoyu , Xu Zihang , Zhao Mingfang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) hold immense promise in guiding treatment strategies for advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, their clinical impact has been limited due to challenges in identifying epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-CTCs using conventional methods.

Methods
To bridge this knowledge gap, we established a detection platform for CTCs based on the distinctive biomarker cell surface vimentin (CSV). A prospective study involving 127 GC patients was conducted, comparing CTCs enumeration using both EpCAM and CSV. This approach enabled the detection of both regular and EMT-CTCs, providing a comprehensive analysis. Spiking assays and WES were employed to verify the reliability of this marker and technique. To explore the potential inducer of CSV+CTCs formation, a combination of Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics, m6A RNA immunoprecipitation–qPCR (MeRIP–qPCR), single-base elongation- and ligation-based qPCR amplification method (SELECT) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were utilized to screen and confirm the potential target gene. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to explore the molecular mechanism of CSV expression regulation and its role in GC metastasis.

Results
Our findings revealed the potential of CSV in predicting therapeutic responses and long-term prognosis for advanced GC patients. Additionally, compared to the conventional EpCAM-based CTCs detection method, the CSV-specific positive selection CTCs assay was significantly better for evaluating the therapeutic response and prognosis in advanced GC patients and successfully predicted disease progression 14.25 months earlier than radiology evaluation. Apart from its excellent role as a detection marker, CSV emerges as a promising therapeutic target for attenuating GC metastasis. It was found that fat mass and obesity associated protein (FTO) could act as a potential catalyst for CSV+CTCs formation, and its impact on the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) mRNA decay through m6A modification. The activation of IGF-I/IGF-IR signaling enhanced the translocation of vimentin from the cytoplasm to the cell surface through phosphorylation of vimentin at serine 39 (S39). In a GC mouse model, the simultaneous inhibition of CSV and blockade of the IGF-IR pathway yielded promising outcomes.

Conclusion
In summary, leveraging CSV as a universal CTCs marker represents a significant breakthrough in advancing personalized medicine for patients with advanced GC. This research not only paves the way for tailored therapeutic strategies but also underscores the pivotal role of CSV in enhancing GC management, opening new frontiers for precision medicine.
Lower extremity movement quality in professional team sport athletes: Inter-rater agreement and relationships with quantitative results from the corresponding pattern
Authors: Keller Matthias , Niederer Daniel , Schwesig René , Kurz Eduard 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Adequate movement control and quality can be prerequisite functions for performance of the lower extremity. The purposes of our work were 1) to explore the agreement of an efficient test battery assessing qualitative movement execution and 2) to determine its consistency with quantitative performance tests from the corresponding movement pattern.

Methods
The participants were professional male association football players competing in the first German Bundesliga. They performed four movement quality tests (Single-limb balance squat, Balance forward hop, Balance side hop, Balance 90° rotation hop) and the corresponding performance tests (Y-balance test, Forward hop for distance, Side hop test, Square hop test). Qualitative tests were judged by two experienced raters; the ratings were compared to determine inter-rater agreement using Kappa statistics. The relationship with the quantitative tests was determined using Spearman’s rank correlations.

Results
Thirty participants (19 to 33 years old) were included in this study. We found an at least substantial level of agreement (Cohen’s Kappa, 0.64-0.84) with an excellent percentage of exact (83-93%) agreement between the two raters for the movement quality tests. Our findings revealed that the quantitative test results are only slightly related to the movement quality outcomes (ρ(27) <|0.3| and P > 0.2).

Conclusions
Consequently, the qualitative test results provide unique information and complement corresponding quantitative performance tests in professional football athletes. Their observational judgement of foot position, lower limb alignment and upper body control in sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes is agreeable.
Alzheimer’s and neurodegenerative disease biomarkers in blood predict brain atrophy and cognitive decline
Authors: Dark Heather E. , An Yang , Duggan Michael R. , Joynes Cassandra , Davatzikos Christos , Erus Guray , Lewis Alexandria , Moghekar Abhay R. , Resnick Susan M. , Walker Keenan A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Although blood-based biomarkers have been identified as cost-effective and scalable alternatives to PET and CSF markers of neurodegenerative disease, little is known about how these biomarkers predict future brain atrophy and cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired individuals. Using data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), we examined whether plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology (amyloid-β [Aβ42/40], phosphorylated tau [pTau-181]), astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]), and neuronal injury (neurofilament light chain [NfL]) were associated with longitudinal brain volume loss and cognitive decline. Additionally, we determined whether sex, APOEε4 status, and plasma amyloid-β status modified these associations.

Methods
Plasma biomarkers were measured using Quanterix SIMOA assays. Regional brain volumes were measured by 3T MRI, and a battery of neuropsychological tests assessed five cognitive domains. Linear mixed effects models adjusted for demographic factors, kidney function, and intracranial volume (MRI analyses) were completed to relate baseline plasma biomarkers to baseline and longitudinal brain volume and cognitive performance.

Results
Brain volume analyses included 622 participants (mean age ± SD: 70.9 ± 10.2) with an average of 3.3 MRI scans over 4.7 years. Cognitive performance analyses included 674 participants (mean age ± SD: 71.2 ± 10.0) with an average of 3.9 cognitive assessments over 5.7 years. Higher baseline pTau-181 was associated with steeper declines in total gray matter volume and steeper regional declines in several medial temporal regions, whereas higher baseline GFAP was associated with greater longitudinal increases in ventricular volume. Baseline Aβ42/40 and NfL levels were not associated with changes in brain volume. Lower baseline Aβ42/40 (higher Aβ burden) was associated with a faster decline in verbal memory and visuospatial performance, whereas higher baseline GFAP was associated with a faster decline in verbal fluency. Results were generally consistent across sex and APOEε4 status. However, the associations of higher pTau-181 with increasing ventricular volume and memory declines were significantly stronger among individuals with higher Aβ burden, as was the association of higher GFAP with memory decline.

Conclusions
Among cognitively unimpaired older adults, plasma biomarkers of AD pathology (pTau-181) and astrogliosis (GFAP), but not neuronal injury (NfL), serve as markers of future brain atrophy and cognitive decline.
A retrospective case series of the surgical management of thirty-one penile fibropapilloma cases presented to University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital (UCDVH) between 2017 and 2023
Authors: Thomson Eilidh Elizabeth , Kelly Emmet Thomas , Beltman Marijke Eileen , Ryan Eoin Gerard 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Penile fibropapilloma is a condition caused by bovine papilloma virus and is frequently encountered in young bulls. Penile fibropapillomatosis is thought to be spread through homosexual mounting behaviour. Fibropapillomas of the penis are painful, often bleed and can impede normal intromission. Treatment may range from allowing time for slow, spontaneous regression to surgical resection but recurrence following surgery is reported by some authors.

Case Presentation
Thirty one bulls that were presented to University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital from March 2017 to March 2023 for surgical resection of penile fibropapillomas were included in this retrospective case series. Twenty-seven of the 31 bulls (87%) were under two years of age. The majority (42%) of bulls presented were Hereford, but Angus, Charolais, Holstein-Friesian and Limousin breeds were also seen. Following examination and diagnosis of penile fibropapilloma, regional anaesthesia (xylazine-procaine epidural and internal pudendal nerve block) and standing surgical intervention (resection and cautery) was performed in each case. Phone call follow-up was performed by one author (EET) in all 31 cases and 2 cases out of the 28 that were contactable showed post-surgical recurrence of penile fibropapillomatosis (i.e., 7.1% recurrence rate).

Conclusion
This case series summarises the history and presenting findings of 31 bovine penile fibropapilloma cases and describes a regional anaesthetic and standing surgical approach for successful case management.
Parametrized multiplicative integral inequalities
Authors: Frioui Assia , Meftah Badreddine , Shokri Ali , Lakhdari Abdelghani , Mukalazi Herbert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a biparametrized multiplicative integral identity and employ it to establish a collection of inequalities for multiplicatively convex mappings. These inequalities encompass several novel findings and refinements of established results. To enhance readers’ comprehension, we offer illustrative examples that highlight appropriate choices of multiplicatively convex mappings along with graphical representations. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of our results to special means of real numbers within the realm of multiplicative calculus.
Overexpressed KCNK1 regulates potassium channels affecting molecular mechanisms and biological pathways in bladder cancer
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chen Xiao-Song , Wei Ying , Wang Xiao-Min , Chen Xian-Jin , Chi Bang-Teng , Huang Lin-Qing , He Rong-Quan , Huang Zhi-Guang , Li Qi , Chen Gang , He Juan , Wu Mei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to explore the expression, molecular mechanism and its biological function of potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 1 (KCNK1) in bladder cancer (BC).

Methods
We integrated large numbers of external samples (n = 1486) to assess KCNK1 mRNA expression levels and collected in-house samples (n = 245) for immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments to validate at the KCNK1 protein level. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was performed to further assess KCNK1 expression and cellular communication. The transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of KCNK1 expression were explored by ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq and ChIA-PET data. Highly expressed co-expressed genes (HECEGs) of KCNK1 were used to explore potential signalling pathways. Furthermore, the immunoassay, clinical significance and molecular docking of KCNK1 were calculated.

Results
KCNK1 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in BC (SMD = 0.58, 95% CI [0.05; 1.11]), validated at the protein level (p < 0.0001). Upregulated KCNK1 mRNA exhibited highly distinguishing ability between BC and control samples (AUC = 0.82 [0.78–0.85]). Further, scRNA-seq analysis revealed that KCNK1 expression was predominantly clustered in BC epithelial cells and tended to increase with cellular differentiation. BC epithelial cells were involved in cellular communication mainly through the MK signalling pathway. Secondly, the KCNK1 transcription start site (TSS) showed promoter-enhancer interactions in three-dimensional space, while being transcriptionally regulated by GRHL2 and FOXA1. Most of the KCNK1 HECEGs were enriched in cell cycle–related signalling pathways. KCNK1 was mainly involved in cellular metabolism–related pathways and regulated cell membrane potassium channel activity. KCNK1 expression was associated with the level of infiltration of various immune cells. Immunotherapy and chemotherapy (docetaxel, paclitaxel and vinblastine) were more effective in BC patients in the high KCNK1 expression group. KCNK1 expression correlated with age, pathology grade and pathologic_M in BC patients.

Conclusions
KCNK1 was significantly overexpressed in BC. A complex and sophisticated three-dimensional spatial transcriptional regulatory network existed in the KCNK1 TSS and promoted the upregulated of KCNK1 expression. The high expression of KCNK1 might be involved in the cell cycle, cellular metabolism, and tumour microenvironment through the regulation of potassium channels, and ultimately contributed to the deterioration of BC.
The effect of preoperative TSH levels on perioperative complications in patients undergoing pituitary surgery
Authors: Kirbas Gizem , Ozkalkanli Murat Yasar , Tuzen Ahmet Salih 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Pituitary surgery involves special conditions for the anaesthetist due to the anatomical localisation and the role of the pituitary gland in hormonal balance. The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the effect of TSH levels on perioperative complication rates in patients undergoing pituitary surgery.

Methods
In this study, patients who underwent pituitary surgery at Izmir Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital between January 2017 and November 2022 were retrospectively screened. Two patients out of the 137 were excluded from the study as they underwent simultaneous aneurysm surgery along with pituitary tumor surgery. A total of 135 patients meeting the criteria were analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups according to TSH levels. Perioperative complication rates and mortality rates were compared between the three groups.

Findings
The study included a total of 135 patients, with an age range of 16–76 years. Among the groups with low–normal–high TSH levels, there were no statistically significant difference observed, in postoperative complications, such as epistaxis, rhinorrhea, postoperative nausea/vomiting, seizures, hypertension, and hypotension. When looking at the incidence of postoperative diabetes insipidus, a significant difference was found between the groups. When examining the mortality rates on the 28th day, a significant difference was found between the groups, with a mortality rate of 25% in the high TSH group (p < 0.5).

Conclusions
The risk of perioperative mortality is higher in patients with TSH levels above normal.