bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Perfusion and Aortic Stiffness Are Independent Predictors of White Matter Brain Atrophy in Type 1 Diabetic Patients Assessed With Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: van Elderen Saskia G.C. , Brandts Anne , van der Grond Jeroen , Westenberg Jos J.M. , Kroft Lucia J.M. , van Buchem Mark A. , Smit Johannes W.A. , de Roos Albert 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
To identify vascular mechanisms of brain atrophy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients by investigating the relationship between brain volumes and cerebral perfusion and aortic stiffness using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Approval from the local institutional review board was obtained, and patients gave informed consent. Fifty-one type 1 DM patients (30 men; mean age 44 ± 11 years; mean DM duration 23 ± 12 years) and 34 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were prospectively enrolled. Exclusion criteria comprised hypertension, stroke, aortic disease, and standard MRI contraindications. White matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) brain volumes, total cerebral blood flow (tCBF), total brain perfusion, and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) were assessed using MRI. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used for statistics, with covariates age, sex, mean arterial pressure, BMI, smoking, heart rate, DM duration, and HbA1c.

RESULTS
Both WM and GM brain volumes were decreased in type 1 DM patients compared with control subjects (WM P = 0.04; respective GM P = 0.03). Total brain perfusion was increased in type 1 DM compared with control subjects (β = −0.219, P &lt; 0.05). Total CBF and aortic PWV predicted WM brain volume (β = 0.352, P = 0.024 for tCBF; respective β = −0.458, P = 0.016 for aortic PWV) in type 1 DM. Age was the independent predictor of GM brain volume (β = −0.695, P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Type 1 DM patients without hypertension showed WM and GM volume loss compared with control subjects concomitant with a relative increased brain perfusion. Total CBF and stiffness of the aorta independently predicted WM brain atrophy in type 1 DM. Only age predicted GM brain atrophy.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Treatment Prevents Glucocorticoid-Induced Glucose Intolerance and Islet-Cell Dysfunction in Humans
Authors: van Raalte Daniël H. , van Genugten Renate E. , Linssen Margot M.L. , Ouwens D. Margriet , Diamant Michaela 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are regarded as diabetogenic because they impair insulin sensitivity and islet-cell function. This study assessed whether treatment with the glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) exenatide (EXE) could prevent GC-induced glucose intolerance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study in eight healthy men (age: 23.5 [20.0–28.3] years; BMI: 26.4 [24.3–28.0] kg/m2) was conducted. Participants received three therapeutic regimens for 2 consecutive days: 1) 80 mg of oral prednisolone (PRED) every day (q.d.) and intravenous (IV) EXE infusion (PRED+EXE); 2) 80 mg of oral PRED q.d. and IV saline infusion (PRED+SAL); and 3) oral placebo-PRED q.d. and intravenous saline infusion (PLB+SAL). On day 1, glucose tolerance was assessed during a meal challenge test. On day 2, participants underwent a clamp procedure to measure insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity.

RESULTS
PRED+SAL treatment increased postprandial glucose levels (vs. PLB+SAL, P = 0.012), which was prevented by concomitant EXE (vs. PLB+SAL, P = NS). EXE reduced PRED-induced hyperglucagonemia during the meal challenge (P = 0.018) and decreased gastric emptying (vs. PRED+SAL, P = 0.028; vs. PLB+SAL, P = 0.046). PRED+SAL decreased first-phase glucose- and arginine-stimulated C-peptide secretion (vs. PLB+SAL, P = 0.017 and P = 0.05, respectively), whereas PRED+EXE improved first- and second-phase glucose- and arginine-stimulated C-peptide secretion (vs. PLB+SAL; P = 0.017, 0.012, and 0.093, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
The GLP-1 RA EXE prevented PRED-induced glucose intolerance and islet-cell dysfunction in healthy humans. Incretin-based therapies should be explored as a potential strategy to prevent steroid diabetes.
Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery During Pregnancy Complicated by Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Murphy Helen R. , Elleri Daniela , Allen Janet M. , Harris Julie , Simmons David , Rayman Gerry , Temple Rosemary , Dunger David B. , Haidar Ahmad , Nodale Marianna , Wilinska Malgorzata E. , Hovorka Roman 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated closed-loop insulin delivery with a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm during early (12–16 weeks) and late gestation (28–32 weeks) in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Ten women with type 1 diabetes (age 31 years, diabetes duration 19 years, BMI 24.1 kg/m2, booking A1C 6.9%) were studied over 24 h during early (14.8 weeks) and late pregnancy (28.0 weeks). A nurse adjusted the basal insulin infusion rate from continuous glucose measurements (CGM), fed into the MPC algorithm every 15 min. Mean glucose and time spent in target (63–140 mg/dL), hyperglycemic (&gt;140 to ≥180 mg/dL), and hypoglycemic (&lt;63 to ≤50 mg/dL) were calculated using plasma and sensor glucose measurements. Linear mixed-effects models were used to compare glucose control during early and late gestation.

RESULTS
During closed-loop insulin delivery, median (interquartile range) plasma glucose levels were 117 (100.8–154.8) mg/dL in early and 126 (109.8–140.4) mg/dL in late gestation (P = 0.72). The overnight mean (interquartile range) plasma glucose time in target was 84% (50–100%) in early and 100% (94–100%) in late pregnancy (P = 0.09). Overnight mean (interquartile range) time spent hyperglycemic (&gt;140 mg/dL) was 7% (0–40%) in early and 0% (0–6%) in late pregnancy (P = 0.25) and hypoglycemic (&lt;63 mg/dL) was 0% (0–3%) and 0% (0–0%), respectively (P = 0.18). Postprandial glucose control, glucose variability, insulin infusion rates, and CGM sensor accuracy were no different in early or late pregnancy.

CONCLUSIONS
MPC algorithm performance was maintained throughout pregnancy, suggesting that overnight closed-loop insulin delivery could be used safely during pregnancy. More work is needed to achieve optimal postprandial glucose control.
Isolation and characterization of immunoglobulin M of Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer and its level in serum
Authors: Choudhury Malay , Pani Prasad K. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Asian sea bass immunoglobulin M (IgM) was purified from the sera of Lates calcarifer by affinity chromatography. Analysis of the purified IgM on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing and non-reducing conditions revealed that the sea bass IgM was a tetrameric protein with a molecular weight of 896 kDa; it contained an equimolar heavy chain and light chain with molecular weight of 83 kDa and 27 kDa respectively. However, besides the covalently linked tetrameric IgM, noncovalently linked tetramer dissociated into dimeric and monomeric forms also demonstrated by non-reducing SDS-PAGE. Carbohydrate moieties were found to be linked with both heavy and light chains. A polyclonal rabbit anti-Asian sea bass IgM was prepared which showed a specific reaction of anti-fish IgM antibody with IgM of sea bass. Sea bass IgM concentration was determined in the serum by indirect ELISA. The average IgM concentration in the sera of the healthy sea bass was 5.4±1.8 mg ml−1; it amounted to 16.7% of the total serum protein.
The antifungal effect of peptides from hymenoptera venom and their analogs
Authors: Slaninová Jiřina , Putnová Helena , Borovičková Lenka , Šácha Pavel , Čeřovský Václav , Monincová Lenka , Fučík Vladimír 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
As the occurrence of Candida species infections increases, so does resistance against commonly-used antifungal agents. It is therefore necessary to look for new antifungal drugs. This study investigated the antifungal activity of recently isolated, synthesized and characterized antimicrobial α-helical amphipathic peptides (12–18 amino acids long) from the venom of hymenoptera (melectin, lasioglossins I, II, and III, halictines I and II) as well as a whole series of synthetic analogs. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against different Candida species (C. albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis) of the natural peptides amounted to 4–20 µM (7–40 mg/l). The most active were the synthetic analog all-D-lasioglossin III and lasioglossin III analog KNWKK-Aib-LGK-Aib-IK-Aib-VK-NH2. As shown using a) colony forming unit determination on agar plates, b) the efflux of the dye from rhodamine 6B-loaded cells, c) propidium iodide and DAPI staining, and d) fluorescently labeled antimicrobial peptide (5(6)-carboxyfluorescein lasioglossin-III), the killing of fungi by the peptides studied occurs within minutes and might be accompanied by a disturbance of all membrane barriers. The peptides represent a promising lead for the development of new, effective antifungal drugs.
Functional and clinical outcomes following surgical treatment in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a prospective study of 81 cases
Authors: Furlan Julio C. , Kalsi-Ryan Sukhvinder , Kailaya-Vasan Ahilan , Massicotte Eric M. , Fehlings Michael G. 
Published: January 2011

Object
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the most common cause of spinal dysfunction in the elderly. Operative management is beneficial for most patients with moderate/severe myelopathy. This study examines the potential confounding effects of age, sex, duration of symptoms, and comorbidities on the functional outcomes and postoperative complications in patients who underwent cervical decompressive surgery.

Methods
We included consecutive patients who underwent surgery from December 2005 to October 2007. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Nurick grading system and the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association and Berg Balance scales. Comorbidity indices included the Charlson Comorbidity Index and the number of ICD-9 codes.

Results
There were 57 men and 24 women with a mean age of 57 years (range 32–88 years). The mean duration of symptoms was 25.2 months (range 1–120 months). There was a significant functional recovery from baseline to 6 months after surgery (p < 0.01). Postoperative complications occurred in 18.5% of cases. Although the occurrence of complications was not significantly associated with sex (p = 0.188), number of ICD-9 codes (p = 0.113), duration of symptoms (p = 0.309), surgical approach (p = 0.248), or number of spine levels treated (p = 0.454), logistic regression analysis showed that patients who developed complications were significantly older than patients who had no complications (p = 0.018). Only older age (p < 0.002) and greater number of ICD-9 codes (p < 0.01) were significantly associated with poorer functional recovery after surgical treatment. However, none of the studied factors were significantly associated with clinically relevant functional recovery after surgical treatment for CSM (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Our results indicate that surgery for CSM is associated with significant functional recovery, which appears to reach a plateau at 6 months after surgery. Age is a potential predictor of complications after decompressive surgery for CSM. Whereas older patients with a greater number of preexisting medical comorbidities had less favorable functional outcomes after surgery for CSM in the multivariate regression analysis, none of the studied factors were associated with clinically relevant functional recovery after surgery in the logistic regression analysis. Therefore, age-matched protocols based on preexisting medical comorbidities may reduce the risk for postoperative complications and improve functional outcomes after surgical treatment for CSM.
Homotopic organization of essential language sites in right and bilateral cerebral hemispheric dominance
Authors: Chang Edward F. , Wang Doris D. , Perry David W. , Barbaro Nicholas M. , Berger Mitchel S. 
Published: January 2011

Object
Language dominance in the right hemisphere is rare. Therefore, the organization of essential language sites in the dominant right hemisphere is unclear, especially compared with cases involving the more prevalent left dominant hemisphere.

Methods
The authors reviewed the medical records of 15 patients who underwent awake craniotomy for tumor or epilepsy surgery and speech mapping of right hemisphere perisylvian language areas at the University of California, San Francisco. All patients were determined to have either complete right-sided or bilateral language dominance by preoperative Wada testing.

Results
All patients but one were left-handed. Of more than 331 total stimulation sites, 27 total sites were identified as essential for language function (14 sites for speech arrest/anarthria; 12 for anomia; and 1 for alexia). While significant interindividual variability was observed, the general pattern of language organization was similar to classic descriptions of frontal language production and posterior temporal language integration for the left hemisphere. Speech arrest sites were clustered in the ventral precentral gyrus and pars opercularis. Anomia sites were more widely distributed, but were focused in the posterior superior and middle temporal gyri as well as the inferior parietal gyrus. One alexia site was found over the superior temporal gyrus. Face sensory and motor cortical sites were also identified along the ventral sensorimotor strip. The prevalence and specificity of essential language sites were greater in unilateral right hemisphere–dominant patients, compared with those with bilateral dominance by Wada testing.

Conclusions
The authors' results suggest that the organization of language in right hemisphere dominance mirrors that of left hemisphere dominance. Awake speech mapping is a safe and reliable surgical adjunct in these rare clinical cases and should be done in the setting of right hemisphere dominance to avoid preventable postoperative aphasia.
An Islet-Specific Pulse of TGF-β Abrogates CTL Function and Promotes β Cell Survival Independent of Foxp3+ T Cells
Authors: Wållberg Maja , Wong F. Susan , Green E. Allison 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Effective therapies that prevent chronic inflammation from developing into type 1 diabetes remain elusive. In this study, we show that expression of TGF-β for just 1 wk in inflamed islets of NOD mice significantly delays diabetes development. Time course studies demonstrated that the brief TGF-β pulse protects only if administered when extensive β cell destruction has occurred. Surprisingly, TGF-β–mediated protection is not linked to enhanced Foxp3+ regulatory T cell activity or to decreased intrapancreatic presentation of islet Ags. Instead, TGF-β disables the transition of primed autoreactive CD8+ T cells to cytotoxic effectors and decreases generation, or maintenance, of CD8+ memory T cells within the pancreas, significantly impairing their diabetogenic capacity.
Th17 Cells, Not IL-17+ γδ T Cells, Drive Arthritic Bone Destruction in Mice and Humans
Authors: Pöllinger Bernadette , Junt Tobias , Metzler Barbara , Walker Ulrich A. , Tyndall Alan , Allard Cyril , Bay Serkan , Keller Roland , Raulf Friedrich , Di Padova Franco , O’Reilly Terrence , Horwood Nicole J. , Patel Dhavalkumar D. , Littlewood-Evans Amanda 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The mechanism whereby IL-17 drives rheumatoid arthritis remains incompletely understood. We demonstrate that anti–IL-17 therapy in collagen-induced arthritis ameliorates bone damage by reducing the number of osteoclasts in joints. We found equal numbers of CD4+ Th17 and IL-17 producing γδ T cells in the joints of arthritic mice, and in vitro, both populations similarly induced osteoclastogenesis. However, individual depletion and adoptive transfer studies revealed that in vivo, Th17 cells dominated with regard to bone destruction. Unlike γδ T cells, Th17 cells were found in apposition to tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive osteoclasts in subchondral areas of inflamed joints, a pattern reproduced in patient biopsies. This localization was caused by Ag-specific retention, because OVA-primed Th17 cells showed a γδ T cell-like diffuse distribution. Because IL-23, as produced by osteoclasts, enhanced T cell-mediated osteoclastogenesis, we propose that Ag-specific juxtaposition is key to foster the molecular cross talk of Th17 cells and osteoclasts, thus driving arthritic bone destruction.
Regression of Serous Macular Detachment Due to Peripheral Exudative Hemorrhagic Chorioretinopathy following Intravitreal Bevacizumab
Authors: Barkmeier Andrew J. , Kadikoy Huseyin , Holz Eric R. , Carvounis Petros E. 
Published: January 2011

Purpose TO describe a case of exudative macular detachment secondary to peripheral exudative chorioretinopathy with a favorable anatomic and visual outcome following treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab. Methods The medical records of a patient with peripheral exudative chorioretinopathy were reviewed. Results Macular reattachment was achieved with a corresponding visual acuity improvement that was maintained over an uncomplicated 17-month clinical course. Conclusions Bevacizumab may be an effective treatment option for exudative macular detachment secondary to peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy.
A Simple Description of Age-Related Changes in Crystalline Lens Thickness
Authors: García-Domene Mari Carmen , Díez-Ajenjo Ma Amparo , Gracia Víctor , Felipe Adelina , Artigas José M. 
Published: January 2011

Purpose An increase in lens thickness is often described as a linear function of age. However, contradictory opinions exist about whether the lens thickness continues to increase after 50 years of age. Differences in slope exist between this increase in younger and older people, but these findings are in-consistent with the linear behavior of an increase in the lens thickness throughout life. We investigated among different functions, including slope variation, which would be the best to show the relation between lens thickness and age. An available model portraying lens growth could be advantageous in many practical applications. The possibility of differences between sexes in lens thickness growth is also analyzed. Methods We evaluated 102 eyes of patients aged between 15 and 84 years: 41 men, 61 women. The biometric measurements were performed with the aid of the OcuScan® (Alcon, USA). Results Both logarithmic and potential functions provide a good fit for the data (R2=0.905 and 0.906, respectively). The results do not show significant differences between men and women in any age range, nor when the data of the whole sample are considered (p=0.29). Conclusions The best fits for the data are both logarithmic and double logarithmic functions. According to this model, lens growth continues throughout life, but after 50 years, age-related thickness variations are lower than statistical variability. No differences were found between the sexes.
High Prevalence of Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and its Complications in Tarragona in Northeast Spain
Authors: Romero-Aroca Pedro , Masip-Serra Robert , Martínez-Salcedo Inmaculada , Salvat-Serra Merce , Fernández-Ballart Joan , Bautista-Pérez Ángel 
Published: January 2011

Purpose To determine the prevalence of Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) in our health area, in 4 counties of Tarragona, and its involvement in the health status of the population. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of a sample of 2,342 inhabitants aged >60 years, randomly selected from the population census. Subjects were classified in 3 groups according to age (group 1 = 60–69 years, group 2 = 70–79 years, group 3 = over 80 years). The diagnosis of PEX was made in all cases by the same ophthalmologist, using biomicroscopic and slit-lamp evaluation. Corneal endothelial study was made by specular microscope. Results The prevalence of PEX was 309/2,342 patients (13.19%), unilateral in 219/309 (70.87%). The prevalence of PEX in patients with open-angle glaucoma was 29.48%. Changes in corneal endothelium were higher in patients with PEX, with lower cell density and hexagonality percentage, with higher coefficient of variation, significant in age groups 2 and 3. The prevalence of cataract in patients with PEX was 80.58%, versus 54.64% in patients without PEX. Complications of cataract surgery were higher in patients with PEX and postoperative corneal edema was best correlated with a low hexagonality percentage. No systemic cardiovascular diseases were significant in patients with PEX. Conclusions In our health district area, a high prevalence of PEX exists. A more extensive study of the causes of these differences is needed, including analysis of the genetic makeup of the population.
Surgical management of the duodenal manifestations of familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Parc Y , Mabrut J-Y , Shields C 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Background
Duodenal adenomas develop in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, incurring a risk of carcinoma. When this risk is high, surgery is indicated. The choice of surgical treatment can be difficult as evidence-based data are lacking.

Methods
This is a systematic review of the literature on the non-medical management of duodenal lesions arising in the setting of familial adenomatous polyposis. Studies were identified through searching MEDLINE. Studies published between January 1965 and October 2009 were included. Data regarding number of subjects, complications, length of follow-up, recurrence rate and outcome were extracted.

Results
Transduodenal resection does not differ from an endoscopic approach in terms of recurrence. Ampullectomy has limited application as only papillary lesions are amenable to treatment in this manner. Duodenectomy with pancreas preservation is preferable to pancreaticoduodenectomy unless malignancy is present, or cannot be excluded.

Conclusion
Surgery should be reserved for advanced or malignant polyps.
An interinstitutional review of the value of FNAB in pediatric oncology in resource‐limited countries
Authors: Razack Rubina , Michelow Pamela , Leiman Gladwyn , Harnekar Anwari , Poole Janet , Wessels Glynn , Hesseling Peter , Stefan Cristina , Louw Mercia , Schubert Pawel T. , Clarke Herchel , Wright Colleen A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been widely accepted as a reliable diagnostic modality in the general pediatric population, but its role in pediatric oncology still remains elusive. With new treatment protocols subscribing to preoperative chemotherapy, the need for a quick, minimally invasive, and accurate diagnostic procedure has arisen. This study assesses the feasibility of FNAB in childhood malignancies to render a specific diagnosis on which treatment can be initiated. An 11‐year retrospective study was done on FNABs in patients 19 years and under referred for clinically malignant mass lesions. Cases were confirmed with histology, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, or clinical follow‐up. Of the 357 patients referred for FNABs, 36 patients were lost to follow‐up and 31 FNABS were inadequate. A total of 290 cases were included in the study, of which 68 (23%) cases were benign and 222 (77%) were malignant. The most frequently occurring tumors were nephroblastoma (68), non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (39), rhabdomyosarcoma (22), Hodgkin's lymphoma (22), and neuroblastoma (22). The sensitivity of the procedure for neoplasia was 96.6%, the specificity 97.0%, positive predictive value 99.0%, and negative predictive value 90.1%, with a diagnostic accuracy of 96.7%. The ability of FNAB to enable a specific diagnosis to be made, that is correct and accurate subtyping of the tumor on which chemotherapy or radiotherapy could be commenced was 75.7%. This study shows that FNAB can be used with confidence to confirm malignancy in children. With clinicoradiological correlation and the aid of ancillary techniques, FNAB allows a rapid and accurate preoperative diagnosis for definitive therapy commencement in most cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.