bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treating limited-stage nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma similarly to classical Hodgkin lymphoma with ABVD may improve outcome
Authors: Savage Kerry J. , Skinnider Brian , Al-Mansour Mubarak , Sehn Laurie H. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Connors Joseph M. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The appropriate therapy for limited-stage nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is unclear. In contrast to classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL), chemotherapy is often omitted; however, it is unknown whether this impacts the risk of relapse. Herein, we compared the outcome of patients with limited-stage NLPHL treated in an era in which ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) chemotherapy was routinely incorporated into the primary therapy to an earlier era in which radiotherapy (RT) was used as a single modality. Using the British Columbia Cancer Agency Lymphoid Cancer Database, 88 patients with limited-stage NLPHL (stage 1A/1B or 2A, nonbulky disease < 10 cm) were identified. Treatment followed era-specific guidelines: before 1993, (n = 32) RT alone; and 1993 to present (n = 56), ABVD-like chemotherapy for 2 cycles followed by RT with the exception of 14 patients who received ABVD chemotherapy alone. Most patients were male (75%) with stage I disease (61%). In an era-to-era comparison, the 10-year time to progression (98% vs 76% P = .0074), progression-free survival (91% vs 65% P = .0024), and OS (93% vs 84%, P = .074) favored the ABVD treatment era compared with the RT alone era. Treating limited-stage NLPHL similarly to CHL may improve outcome compared with the use of radiation alone.
Citramalic acid and salicylic acid in sugar beet root exudates solubilize soil phosphorus
Authors: Khorassani Reza , Hettwer Ursula , Ratzinger Astrid , Steingrobe Bernd , Karlovsky Petr , Claassen Norbert 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Background
In soils with a low phosphorus (P) supply, sugar beet is known to intake more P than other species such as maize, wheat, or groundnut. We hypothesized that organic compounds exuded by sugar beet roots solubilize soil P and that this exudation is stimulated by P starvation.

Results
Root exudates were collected from plants grown in hydroponics under low- and high-P availability. Exudate components were separated by HPLC, ionized by electrospray, and detected by mass spectrometry in the range of mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) from 100 to 1000. Eight mass spectrometric signals were enhanced at least 5-fold by low P availability at all harvest times. Among these signals, negative ions with an m/z of 137 and 147 were shown to originate from salicylic acid and citramalic acid. The ability of both compounds to mobilize soil P was demonstrated by incubation of pure substances with Oxisol soil fertilized with calcium phosphate.

Conclusions
Root exudates of sugar beet contain salicylic acid and citramalic acid, the latter of which has rarely been detected in plants so far. Both metabolites solubilize soil P and their exudation by roots is stimulated by P deficiency. These results provide the first assignment of a biological function to citramalic acid of plant origin.
Walnut oil increases cholesterol efflux through inhibition of stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells
Authors: Zhang Jun , Grieger Jessica A , Kris-Etherton Penny M , Thompson Jerry T , Gillies Peter J , Fleming Jennifer A , Vanden Heuvel John P 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Background
Walnuts significantly decrease total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in normo- and hypercholesterolemic individuals. No study to date has evaluated the effects of walnuts on cholesterol efflux, the initial step in reverse cholesterol transport, in macrophage-derived foam cells (MDFC). The present study was conducted to investigate the mechanisms by which walnut oil affects cholesterol efflux.

Methods
The extract of English walnuts (walnut oil) was dissolved in DMSO and applied to cultured THP-1 MDFC cells (0.5 mg/mL). THP-1 MDFC also were treated with human sera (10%, v:v) taken from subjects in a walnut feeding study. Cholesterol efflux was examined by liquid scintillation counting. Changes in gene expression were quantified by real time PCR.

Results
Walnut oil treatment significantly increased cholesterol efflux through decreasing the expression of the lipogenic enzyme stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in MDFC. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the major n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids found in walnuts, recaptured SCD1 reduction in MDFC, a mechanism mediated through activation of nuclear receptor farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR). Postprandial serum treatment also increased cholesterol efflux in MDFC. When categorized by baseline C-reactive protein (CRP; cut point of 2 mg/L), subjects in the lower CRP sub-group benefited more from dietary intervention, including a more increase in cholesterol efflux, a greater reduction in SCD1, and a blunted postprandial lipemia.

Conclusion
In conclusion, walnut oil contains bioactive molecules that significantly improve cholesterol efflux in MDFC. However, the beneficial effects of walnut intake may be reduced by the presence of a pro-inflammatory state.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00938340
Clinical evaluation of cardiac effects of experimental doxycycline overdosing in healthy calves
Authors: Brihoum Mounir , Rollin Frédéric , Desmecht Daniel , Detilleux Johann , Amory Hélène 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Background
Cardiac morphologic and functional changes consistent with cardiomyopathy have been reported in field cases of calves with accidental doxycycline overdosing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinically the cardiac effects of an experimentally-induced doxycycline overdosing in healthy calves.
Twelve 2 months-old healthy Belgian Blue calves were studied. Six of them (group 1) received the normal dose (5 mg/kg, BID) and the six others (group 2) received five times the normal dose (25 mg/kg, BID) of oral doxycycline for five consecutive days (D1 to D5). Each calf was clinically examined daily. Measurement of serum AST, CK, Iso-CKs and LDH activities and an echocardiographic examination were performed before (D0) and one day after (D6) the last doxycycline administration. An ECG tracing was recorded at D0, D4, and D6.

Results
In both groups, no clinical, blood, echocardiographic or electrocardiographic changes suggestive of a cardiomyopathy were observed. Only a decreased appetite was observed in the calves of the group 2 between D3 and D6.

Conclusions
This trial failed to reproduce cardiac changes reported in accidental doxycycline-poisoning in calves, suggesting that high doses of doxycycline may not be the only etiologic factor of the cardiomyopathy reported in the field cases.
Defective eosinophil hematopoiesis ex vivo in inbred Rocky Mountain White (IRW) mice
Authors: Dyer Kimberly D , Garcia-Crespo Katia E , Percopo Caroline M , Bowen Aaron B , Ito Tomonobu , Peterson Karin E , Gilfillan Alasdair M , Rosenberg Helene F 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTWe examine the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow (BM) progenitors from inbred Rocky Mountain White (IRW) mice, a strain used primarily for retrovirus infection studies. In contrast to findings with BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains, IRW BM cells cannot proliferate or generate pure eosinophil cultures ex vivo in response to a defined cytokine regimen. Analysis of IRW BM at baseline was unremarkable, including 0.08 ± 0.03% Lin–Sca-1+c-kit+ (LSK) hematopoietic stem cells and 5.2 ± 0.3% eosinophils; the percentage of eosinophil progenitors (EoPs; Lin–Sca-1–c-kit+CD34+IL-5Rα+) was similar in all three mouse strains. Transcripts encoding GM-CSFRα and the IL-3/IL-5/GM-CSF common β chain were detected at equivalent levels in IRW and BALB/c BM, whereas expression of transcripts encoding IL-5Rα, IL-3Rα, and GATA-2 was diminished in IRW BM compared with BALB/c. Expression of membrane-bound IL-5Rα and intracellular STAT5 proteins was also diminished in IRW BM cells. Diminished expression of transcripts encoding IL-5Rα and GATA-2 and immunoreactive STAT5 in IRW BM persisted after 4 days in culture, along with diminished expression of GATA-1. Western blot revealed that cells from IRW BM overexpress nonsignaling soluble IL-5Rα protein. Interestingly, OVA sensitization and challenge resulted in BM and airway eosinophilia in IRW mice; however, the responses were significantly blunted. These results suggest that IRW mice have diminished capacity to generate eosinophils in culture and in vivo, likely as a result of diminished signaling via IL-5Rα.
Deletion of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 exacerbates APC function to increase inflammation and cellular immunity during influenza infection
Authors: Karmaus Peer W F , Chen Weimin , Crawford Robert B , Harkema Jack R , Kaplan Barbara L F , Kaminski Norbert E 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTWe and others have reported that simultaneous targeted deletion of CB1 and CB2 resulted in exacerbation of immune reactivity, suggesting a role of endocannabinoids in down-regulating immune function. In this study, we demonstrate that APC function is enhanced specifically in the absence of CB1 and CB2 signaling, resulting in an exacerbated immune response phenotype. After influenza infection, CB1−/−CB2−/− mice showed more pronounced pulmonary damage, increased inflammatory cell infiltrate, inflammation, and a greater cellular immune responses compared with WT mice, as evidenced by transcriptome analysis, more robust T cell activation, and effector cell cytokine production. After direct activation in vitro, there were no differences in the percentages of cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells between CB1−/−CB2−/− and WT mice. However, untreated CB1−/−CB2−/− mice routinely had fewer naïve T cells compared with WT, suggesting dysregulation of APC immune homeostasis. Moreover, bmDCs and AM isolated from CB1−/−CB2−/− mice exhibited a more mature phenotype, with and without TLR stimulation, and bmDCs elicited T cells more robustly than WT mice. Collectively, these findings implicate a role for CB1 and CB2 on APCs in regulating immune responses and immune homeostasis.
Differentiation of CD8+ T cells into effector cells is enhanced by physiological range hyperthermia
Authors: Mace Thomas A , Zhong Lingwen , Kilpatrick Casey , Zynda Evan , Lee Chen-Ting , Capitano Maegan , Minderman Hans , Repasky Elizabeth A 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIn this study, we asked whether exposure to different physiologically relevant temperatures (33°C, 37°C, and 39.5°C) could affect subsequent antigen-specific, activation-related events of naive CD8+ T cells. We observed that temporary exposure of CD62LhiCD44lo Pmel-1 CD8+ cells to 39.5°C prior to their antigen-dependent activation with gp10025–33 peptide-pulsed C57BL/6 splenocytes resulted in a greater percentage of cells, which eventually differentiated into CD62LloCD44hi effector cells compared with cells incubated at 33°C and 37°C. However, the proliferation rate of naive CD8+ T cells was not affected by mild heating. While exploring these effects further, we observed that mild heating of CD8+ T cells resulted in the reversible clustering of GM1+ CD-microdomains in the plasma membrane. This could be attributable to a decrease in line tension in the plasma membrane, as we also observed an increase in membrane fluidity at higher temperatures. Importantly, this same clustering phenomenon was observed in CD8+ T cells isolated from spleen, LNs, and peripheral blood following mild whole-body heating of mice. Further, we observed that mild heating also resulted in the clustering of TCRβ and the CD8 coreceptor but not CD71R. Finally, we observed an enhanced rate of antigen-specific conjugate formation with APCs following mild heating, which could account for the difference in the extent of differentiation. Overall, these novel findings may help us to further understand the impact of physiologically relevant temperature shifts on the regulation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell activation and the subsequent generation of effector cells.
Dual energy CT for the assessment of reperfused chronic infarction – a feasibility study in a porcine model
Authors: Kerl J Matthias , Deseive Simon , Tandi Christa , Kaiser Christina , Kettner Mattias , Korkusuz Huedayi , Lehmann Ralf , Herzog Christopher , Schoepf U Joseph , Vogl Thomas J , Bauer Ralf W 
Published: August 2011

Backround Detection of myocardial infarction has been the focus of considerable research over the past few decades. Recently developed dual source computed tomography (DSCT) scanners with dual energy mode have been used to detect myocardial infarction, but the studies on this topic are few. Purpose To evaluate the feasibility and performance of dual energy CT (DECT) during arterial phase in coronary CT angiography for the detection of chronic infarction compared with late enhancement MRI (LE-MRI) and histopathology in a porcine model of reperfused myocardial infarction. Material and Methods Myocardial infarctions were induced by 30 min occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery in eight minipigs. DECT, post-contrast LE-MRI and histopathology were performed 60 days after infarct induction. The CT scan was performed in dual energy mode using a dedicated protocol. Myocardial iodine distribution was superimposed as color maps on grey scale multiplanar reformats of the heart. Two radiologists in consensus interpreted all imaging studies for presence of gadolinium uptake at LE-MRI reduced iodine content at DECT and hypoenhanced areas in the initial 100 kV coronary CT angiography images that were acquired during the DECT-acquisition. Results were compared with histopathology. Results Based on evaluable segments, DECT showed a sensitivity and specificity of 0.72 and 0.88; LE-MRI showed a sensitivity and specificity of 0.78 and 0.92; and the 100 kV data-set of the DECT scan showed a sensitivity and specificity of 0.60 and 0.93, respectively, for the detection of histological proved ischemia. Conclusion DECT during arterial phase coronary CT angiography, which is ordinarily used for coronary artery evaluation, is feasible for the detection of a chronic reperfused myocardial infarction.
Non-invasive assessment of renal allograft fibrosis by dynamic sonographic tissue perfusion measurement
Authors: Syversveen Trygve , Brabrand Knut , Midtvedt Karsten , Strøm Erik H , Hartmann Anders , Berstad Audun Elnaes 
Published: August 2011

Background Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) characterized by interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy is a major cause of renal transplant failure. The diagnosis can currently only be verified by a graft biopsy. Purpose To evaluate whether non-invasive dynamic color Doppler sonographic parenchymal perfusion measurements are different in grafts with various degrees of biopsy proven renal transplant fibrosis. Material and Methods Forty-nine adult patients were prospectively included. Four patients were excluded. Color Doppler videos from the renal cortex were recorded. Perfusion in the renal cortex was evaluated using a software package which calculates color pixel area and flow velocity, encoded by each pixel inside a region of interest of a video sequence. The software calculates parameters that describe tissue perfusion numerically. Two of these, the perfusion intensity and tissue pulsatility index, were compared to grade of interstitial fibrosis (0–3) in biopsies. Observer agreement was evaluated in a subset of 12 patients. Results Of the 45 patients analyzed, 18 patients had grade 0, 18 had grade 1, seven had grade 2 and two had grade 3 fibrosis. The mean perfusion intensity of grade 0 was significantly higher than that of grade 2 and 3 fibrosis in the proximal cortical layer (1.65 m/s vs. 0.84 m/s, P = 0.008). No significant difference was found between grade 0 and grade 1 fibrosis. Perfusion intensity was correlated to estimated glomerular filtration rate (Pearson r 0.51, P = 0.001, R2 = 0.26 and 0.46, P = 0.001, R2 = 0.22 in the distal and proximal cortex, respectively). Inter-observer agreement of the perfusion intensity, expressed as intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.69 in the proximal part of the cortex. Intra-observer agreement was 0.85 for observer 1 and 0.82 for observer 2. Conclusion Perfusion intensity assessed by dynamic color Doppler measurements is significantly reduced in allografts with grade 2 and 3 fibrosis compared to allografts without fibrosis. Further studies involving longitudinal assessment of allografts undergoing protocol biopsies would be of interest.
Relationship of serum fibroblast growth factor 23 with cardiovascular disease in older community-dwelling women
Authors: Dalal Mansi , Sun Kai , Cappola Anne R , Ferrucci Luigi , Crasto Candace , Fried Linda P , Semba Richard D 
Published: August 2011

ObjectiveAlthough fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, the relationship between FGF23 and cardiovascular disease has not been well characterized in the general population. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum FGF23 is independently associated with cardiovascular disease in older community-dwelling women.Design and methodsA cross-sectional design was used to examine the relationship between serum FGF23 and cardiovascular disease. The subjects consisted of a population-based sample of 659 women, aged 70–79 years, who participated in the Women's Health and Aging Studies in Baltimore, Maryland. Prevalent cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, and peripheral artery disease) was assessed through diagnostic algorithms and physician adjudication.ResultsOf the 659 women, 185 (28.1%) had cardiovascular disease. Median (25th, 75th percentile) intact serum FGF23 was 34.6 (25.2, 46.2) pg/ml. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the lowest, middle, and highest tertile of serum FGF23 was 22.6, 24.9, and 36.7% respectively (P=0.002). Serum log FGF23 was associated with cardiovascular disease (odds ratio per 1s.d.increase=1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.17, 1.30;P<0.0001) in a multivariable logistic regression model, adjusting for age, race, smoking, education, body mass index, cognition, diabetes, hypertension, physical activity, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and renal function.ConclusionElevated serum FGF23 concentrations are independently associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease in older community-dwelling women. Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential biological mechanisms by which FGF23 may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
Surgical Microscope May Enhance Root Coverage With Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft: A Randomized‐Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Bittencourt Sandro , Del Peloso Ribeiro Érica , Sallum Enilson A. , Nociti Francisco H. , Casati Márcio Zaffalon 
Published: August 2011

Background: Minimally invasive techniques have broadened the horizons of periodontal plastic surgery to improve treatment outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this clinical trial was to compare root coverage, postoperative morbidity, and esthetic outcomes of subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) technique with or without the use of a surgical microscope in the treatment of gingival recessions.Methods: In this split‐mouth study, twenty‐four patients with bilateral Miller's Class I or II buccal gingival recessions ≥2.0 mm in canines or premolars were selected. Gingival recessions were randomly designated to receive treatment with SCTG with or without the assistance of the surgical microscope (test and control groups, respectively). Clinical parameters evaluated included the following: depth (RH) and width (RW) of the gingival defect, width (WKT) and thickness (TKT) of keratinized tissue, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Postoperative morbidity was evaluated by means of an analog visual scale and questionnaire. Patient satisfaction was also evaluated with a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were expressed as mean ± SD. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used for examination of differences regarding PD, CAL, and TKT. The Wilcoxon test was used to detect differences between groups and the Friedman test to detect differences within group regarding WKT, RH, and RW.Results: The average percentages of root coverage for test and control treatments, after 12 months, were 98.0% and 88.3%, respectively (P <0.05). Complete root coverage was achieved in 87.5% and 58.3% of teeth treated in test and control groups, respectively. For all parameters except recession height, there was an improvement in the final examination but without difference between treatments. For the RH, a lower value was found in the test group compared to the control group (P <0.05). In the test group, all patients were satisfied with the esthetics obtained, and 19 patients (79.1%) were satisfied in the control group. For postoperative morbidity, 14 patients in each of the two treatment groups did not use analgesics for pain control.Conclusion: Both approaches were capable of producing root coverage; however, use of the surgical microscope was associated with additional clinical benefits in the treatment of teeth with gingival recessions.
Analysis of Cathepsin‐K Activity at Tooth and Dental Implant Sites and the Potential of This Enzyme in Reflecting Alveolar Bone Loss
Authors: Yamalik Nermin , Günday Sevim , Uysal Serdar , Kilinç Kamer , Karabulut Erdem , Tözüm Tolga F. 
Published: August 2011

Background: Cathepsin‐K is an enzyme involved in bone metabolism which may make this feature important for both natural teeth and dental implants. The aims of the present study are to comparatively analyze the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)/peri‐implant sulcus fluid (PISF) cathepsin‐K levels of natural teeth and dental implants, and to assess the potential relationship between this biochemical parameter and alveolar bone loss around natural teeth and dental implants.Methods: Probing depth, bleeding on probing, gingival index, and plaque index clinical parameters were assessed, and GCF/PISF samples were obtained from natural teeth/dental implants presenting with either clinical health, gingivitis/peri‐implant mucositis, or chronic periodontitis/peri‐implantitis. Cathepsin‐K activity levels of 42 GCF samples and 54 PISF samples were determined, and marginal bone loss (MBL) measures were calculated from digitalized standardized intraoral periapical radiographs obtained from natural teeth and dental implants by using cemento‐enamel junction and the actual distance between two consecutive threads of the dental implant as reference points for natural teeth and dental implants, respectively.Results: Comparing the natural teeth group with dental implant group with regard to MBL measure, cathepsin‐K activity, and GCF/PISF volume revealed no significant differences. In both natural teeth and dental implant groups, despite higher MBL measures, cathepsin‐K activity, and GCF/PISF volumes with the presence of inflammation, it was the presence of alveolar bone loss that lead to significantly higher values for these parameters.Conclusion: We suggest cathepsin‐K as a biochemical parameter for monitoring periodontal/peri‐implant alveolar bone loss.