bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Indolin‐2‐one Derivatives Bearing the 4‐Thiazolidinone Moiety
Authors: Wang Shuobing , Zhao Yanfang , Zhu Wufu , Liu Ying , Guo Kaixing , Gong Ping 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA novel series of indolin‐2‐one derivatives containing the 4‐thiazolidinone moiety (5a—5p) was synthesized and the cytotoxicity of these derivatives was evaluated in vitro against three human cancer cell lines (HT‐29, H460 and MDA‐MB‐231) by standard MTT assay. Some prepared compounds exhibited significant cytotoxicity against different human cancer cell lines. Several potent compounds were further evaluated against one normal cell line (WI‐38). In particular, the promising compound 5h showed remarkable cytotoxicity and selectivity against the HT‐29 and H460 cancer cell lines (IC50 = 0.016 µmol/L, 0.0037 µmol/L, respectively).
Stereoselective effects of monoterpenes on the microviscosity and curvature of model membranes assessed by DPH steady‐state fluorescence anisotropy and light scattering analysis
Authors: Zunino María P. , Turina Anahi V. , Zygadlo Julio A. , Perillo María A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHere, we evaluated stereoselectivity in monoterpenes (MTs) ability to disturb membrane dynamics. Correlations between molecular structure and physicochemical properties of pinenes, menthols, and carvones enantiomers were investigated through cluster and principal component analysis. Therefore, MTs' concentration‐dependent changes in light scattering and diphenylhexatriene (DPH) fluorescence polarization induced by MTs were measured on large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. The behavior of the less polar compounds (hydrocarbons) was characterized by a membrane expansion (increase in light scattering), detectable within the low‐concentration range. They remained in the membrane up to the highest concentrations tested exhibiting a concentration‐dependent anisotropy decrease. Within the more polar terpenes (alcohols) prevailed a budding phenomenon with the production of small LUVs with roughly constant curvature (more evident at medium and high concentrations), which explains the slight change in microviscosity (DPH fluorescence anisotropy). These behaviors were compatible with the deeper localization within the membrane core of the formers compared with the latters as predicted from the corresponding polar charge distribution in their molecular structures. The enantioselectivity was expressed by neomenthol at low concentration and carvone at medium concentration. Inhibition and potentiation were evidenced, within the low‐concentration range, by the racemic mixtures in neomenthol and β‐pinenes, respectively. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A systematic study of chiral homoprolinols and their derivatives in the catalysis of enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes
Authors: Liu Chang‐Lu , Wei Chang‐Yong , Wang Shi‐Wen , Peng Yun‐Gui 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHomoprolinol analogs, a class of optically active γ‐amino alcohols, were examined systematically in the enantioselective addition reactions of diethylzinc to aldehydes. By comparison of the results catalyzed by these γ‐amino alcohols with those by the β‐amino alcohols based on pyrrolidine architecture reported in the literature references, we have observed that the γ‐amino alcohols are superior to the corresponding β‐amino alcohols when the nitrogen and the oxygen are unsubstituted. Among the homoprolinols we tested, 2b gave the best results (45–88% yields, 44–81% ee) in the addition reactions. To the best of our knowledge, 2b has been noticed as one of the most efficient γ‐amino alcohol catalysts based on pyrrolidine framework. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antimetastatic activity of honokiol in osteosarcoma
Authors: Steinmann Patrick , Walters Denise K. , Arlt Matthias J. E. , Banke Ingo J. , Ziegler Urs , Langsam Bettina , Arbiser Jack , Muff Roman , Born Walter , Fuchs Bruno 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Metastasizing osteosarcoma has a mean 5‐year survival rate of only 20% to 30%. Therefore, novel chemotherapeutics for more effective treatment of this disease are required.METHODS:The antineoplastic activity of honokiol, which was demonstrated previously in numerous malignancies, was studied in vivo in C3H mice subcutaneously injected with syngeneic β‐galactosidase bacterial gene (lacZ)‐expressing LM8 osteosarcoma (LM8‐lacZ) cells. In vitro cytotoxic effects of honokiol were investigated in 8 human and 2 murine osteosarcoma cell lines with different in vivo metastatic potential.RESULTS:Seven days after subcutaneous flank injection of LM8‐lacZ cells, daily intraperitoneal treatment of mice with 150 mg/kg honokiol reduced the number of micrometastases in the lung by 41% and reduced the number of macrometastases in the lung and liver by 69% and 80%, respectively, compared with control. Primary tumor growth was not inhibited. In osteosarcoma cell lines, honokiol inhibited the metabolic activity with a half‐maximal concentration (IC50) between 8.0 μg/mL and 16 μg/mL. Cyclosporin A partially reversed the inhibition of metabolic activity in LM8‐lacZ cells. Cell proliferation and wound healing migration of LM8‐lacZ cells were inhibited by honokiol with an IC50 between 5.0 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL. Higher concentrations caused rapid cell death, which was distinct from necrosis, apoptosis, or autophagy but was associated with swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and morphologically altered mitochondria.CONCLUSIONS:Honokiol exhibited prominent antimetastatic activity in experimental osteosarcoma and caused rapid cell death in vitro that was unrelated to necrosis, apoptosis, or autophagy. The authors concluded that honokiol has considerable potential for the treatment of metastasizing osteosarcoma. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Subdivisions of the turtle Pseudemys scripta hypothalamus based on the expression of regulatory genes and neuronal markers
Authors: Moreno Nerea , Domínguez Laura , Morona Ruth , González Agustín 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe patterns of distribution of a set of conserved brain developmental regulatory transcription factors and neuronal markers were analyzed in the hypothalamus of the juvenile turtle, Pseudemys scripta. Combined immunohistochemical techniques were used for the identification of the main boundaries and subdivisions in the optic, paraventricular, tuberal, and mammillary hypothalamic regions. The combination of Tbr1 and Pax6 with Nkx2.1 allowed identification of the boundary between the telencephalic preoptic area, rich in Nkx2.1 expression, and the prethalamic eminence, rich in Tbr1 expression. In addition, at this level Nkx2.2 expression defined the boundary between the telencephalon and the hypothalamus. The dorsalmost hypothalamic domain was the supraoptoparaventricular region that was defined by the expression of Otp/Pax6 and the lack of Nkx2.1/Isl1. It is subdivided into rostral, rich in Otp and Nkx2.2, and caudal, only Otp‐positive, portions. Ventrally, the suprachiasmatic area was identified by its catecholaminergic groups and the lack of Otp, and could be further divided into a rostral portion, rich in Nkx2.1 and Nkx2.2, and a caudal portion, rich in Isl1 and devoid of Nkx2.1 expression. The expressions of Nkx2.1 and Isl1 defined the tuberal hypothalamus, whereas only the rostral portion expressed Otp. Its caudal boundary was evident by the lack of Isl1 in the adjacent mammillary area, which expressed Nkx2.1 and Otp. All these results provide an important set of data on the interpretation of the hypothalamic organization in a reptile, and hence make a useful contribution to the understanding of hypothalamic evolution. J. Comp. Neurol., 2012;520:453–478. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trust‐aware query routing in P2P social networks
Authors: Wang Qingjie , Wang Jianrong , Yu Jian , Yu Mei , Zhang Yan 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYQuery efficiency is a significant challenge in peer‐to‐peer (P2P) social networks. In this paper, we build a trust‐aware semantic‐based query routing strategy to improve the searching efficiency and enhance the security. Based on the vector space model, similar semantic ordinary peers set up an unstructured semantic social community. Super peers in each community constitute a structured P2P network and store the keywords information in a global inverted file. We exploit Bloom filters to complete multikeyword query. Furthermore, malicious behaviors may take place in P2P social networks. We then build a community‐based trust mechanism. The intracommunity reputations of ordinary peers in a semantic social community are calculated, and the intercommunity reputations of super peers in the structured P2P network are evaluated. This mechanism combines the local trust and the global trust. The results show that the proposed query scheme is able to increase query efficiency and also decrease query cost with significantly reduced malicious behaviors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of sensing time in multichannel sequential sensing for cognitive radio
Authors: Zhang Xian , Wu Qihui , Wang Jinlong 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThis paper studies the design of sensing time in multichannel sequential sensing for cognitive radio under the multichannel sensing slots and one transmission slot scheme. Firstly, we consider the case where the channel idle probability is known. In this case, when the channels’ signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) are equal, we prove that there exist optimal sensing times that maximize the achievable throughput for secondary user, while primary user is sufficiently protected. When the channels’ SNRs are different, brute‐force search is used to find the optimal sensing order that maximizes the achievable throughput of secondary user, and the corresponding optimal sensing times will be obtained. Then, a suboptimal and low‐complexity approach of one‐slot sensing time without knowing the channel idle probability is proposed. The proposed approach solves the problem of sensing order by selecting the channel with the minimum sensing time in the next sensing slot when the channels’ SNRs are different. Numerical results show that the proposed approach achieves a performance close to that of the optimal sensing time under different conditions and has significant performance improvement over the approach of fixed sensing time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disseminated Leishmaniasis: Clinical, immunological, and therapeutic aspects
Authors: Rosa Maria Elisa Alves , Machado Paulo Roberto Lima 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDisseminated leishmaniasis (DL) is a distinct, severe, and emerging form of American tegumentary leishmaniasis. DL has been characterized by more than 10 multiple and pleomorphic cutaneous lesions, distributed in more than two noncontiguous parts of the body. Mucosal involvement is detected in up to 44% of cases. The development of the DL involves a complex and poorly understood network involving parasite, host immune response, and the environment, where L. braziliensis polymorphism plays a major role. A decrease in the type 1 immune response in the peripheral blood of DL patients appears to be caused by the attraction of Leishmania‐activated T cells to the multiple cutaneous lesions. DL is a difficult to cure disease and failure to pentavalent antimony therapy is observed in at least 60% of cases. Drug Dev Res 72:437–441, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visceral Leishmaniasis: Challenges in identifying subclinical Leishmania infection
Authors: Carneiro Mariângela , Moreno Elizabeth Castro , Gonçalves Andréa Vieira , Lambertucci José Roberto , Antunes Carlos M.F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe major constraint in conducting visceral leishmaniasis (VL) population studies is the difficulty of diagnosing asymptomatic infection. The aims of the present study, conducted in an urban area in the southeast of Brazil, were to appraise the performance of serological techniques in identifying VL asymptomatic cases and to follow up a cohort of Leishmania infantum‐exposed individuals living in an active transmission area, in an effort to understand infection dynamics and disease natural history. After an initial population‐based survey, three evaluations were carried out, covering a 7‐year follow‐up period. In addition to diagnostic tests, with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐hybridization as the reference test, the study population was interviewed and clinically examined; the last evaluation included abdominal ultrasonography. Our results showed that serological tests are not adequate in diagnosing asymptomatic VL; they also did not permit conclusions concerning parasite transmission and infection dynamics. Diagnostic techniques using molecular biology methods were more promising in identifying asymptomatic infection, but the meaning of a positive PCR‐hybridization test was unclear. In the present study, with one exception, after the follow‐up period, all participants had at least one positive molecular test, but none developed clinical disease. The meaning of a positive PCR in areas with active parasite transmission needs to be better evaluated. Drug Dev Res 72:442–450, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drugs against leishmaniasis: Overview of market needs and pipeline
Authors: Golgher Denise , Vianna Cláudia Hamacek , Moura Adriana Cláudia 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe goal of this article is to provide an overview of market needs and opportunities regarding the development of new drugs against leishmaniasis, an emergent infection that is spreading throughout the world. We provide an analysis of the current pipeline and discuss how the new scenario in drug discovery and development for neglected diseases may favor the entry of smaller players in the market of new therapeutics. Drug Dev Res 72:463–470, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Schistosoma mansoni antigens modulate allergic response in vitro in cells of asthmatic individuals
Authors: Cardoso L.S. , Oliveira S.C. , Souza R.P. , Góes A.M. , Oliveira R.R. , Alcântara L.M. , Almeida M.C. , Carvalho E.M. , Araujo M.I. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSchistosoma mansoni infection is associated with a low prevalence of asthma and a less severe form of the disease. The mechanisms underlying this association may include the production of regulatory cells and cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune response induced by the S. mansoni antigens, Sm22.6, PIII, and Sm29 and their ability to suppress allergen‐specific IL‐5 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from asthmatic individuals. PBMCs were stimulated in vitro with S. mansoni antigens in the presence or absence of antigen‐1 of the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p1). Cytokines were measured in PBMC supernatants by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the phenotype of cells producing IL‐10 was assessed using flow cytometry. High production of S. mansoni antigen‐specific IL‐10 was observed not only in cells of S. mansoni‐infected individuals, but also in cells of noninfected asthmatic individuals. In the former group, the main cellular sources of IL‐10 were CD4+ CD25+, and CD14+ cells. The levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐5, and IL‐13 in the noninfected asthmatic group were ∼100 pg/ml in response to the antigens. Moreover, when S. mansoni antigens were added to cultures stimulated with Der p1, levels of IL‐10 were increased (Der p1 = 234 ± 118; Der p1 + Sm22.6 = 1189 ± 595; Derp1 + PIII = 799 ± 331; Derp1 + Sm29 = 652 ± 288 pg/ml) with reduced levels of IL‐5 (Der p1 = 286 ± 219; Der p1 + Sm22.6 = 93 ± 153; Derp1 + PIII = 132 ± 188; Derp1 + Sm29 = 96 ± 86 pg/ml). The S. mansoni antigens evaluated in the present study induced the production of the regulatory cytokine IL‐10 and down‐modulated the Th2 immune response that participates in the pathology of asthma. Drug Dev Res 72:538–548, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Superparamagnetic Carbon Electrodes: A Versatile Approach for Performing Magnetic Coupled Electrochemical Analysis of Mercury Ions
Authors: Condomitti Ulisses , Zuin Andre , Silveira Alceu T. , Toma Sergio H. , Araki Koiti , Toma Henrique E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMercury ions can be captured with superparamagnetic carbon powder substrates and transported to the electrode surface using an external miniature magnet. The magnetic carbon substrate is electronically conducting, and more than promoting efficient preconcentration of the element at the electrode, it increases the electrochemical surface area by forming an extended 3D structure in the presence of a magnetic field. The external magnet allows to perform direct electrochemical analysis, leading to a strong enhancement of the analytical signals for the reduction of the Hg(II) ions.
3,4‐Dihydroxy‐L‐phenylalanine for Preparation of Gold Nanoparticles and as Electron Transfer Promoter in H2O2 Biosensor
Authors: Lu Cong‐Cong , Zhang Min , Li An‐Jun , He Xi‐Wen , Yin Xue‐Bo 
Published: September 2011

Abstract3,4‐Dihydroxy‐L‐phenylalanine (dopa) and 2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine (dopamine) were investigated as reducing agent and stabilizer for synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by one‐pot heating of a solution of HAuCl4/dopa or dopamine. AuNPs with different sizes were obtained by controlling the mass ratios of HAuCl4/dopa or dopamine. The formation mechanism for AuNPs was also proposed. Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and promotion of its electron transfer by polydopa film were investigated for preparation of H2O2 biosensor. Alkaline dopa solution was dropped onto a gold electrode for the formation of polydopa film. HRP was immobilized on the polydopa film through interactions between heme centre of HRP and the amine and carboxyl groups in polydopa. The AuNPs embedded in the polydopa film improved the electron transfer efficiency. These two factors allowed successful development of a H2O2 sensor with HRP@polydopa‐AuNPs electrode. Due to its biocompatibility, the polydopa‐AuNPs film provided good retention of enzyme activity and long‐term stability of the sensor. A rapid catalytic response (3 s) and a linear range from 0.006 to 5.0 mmol L−1 were obtained for H2O2. This facile preparation strategy can be extended to other enzyme‐based biosensors.
Synthesis of Iridium Oxide Nanotubes by Electrodeposition into Polycarbonate Template: Fabrication of Chromium(III) and Arsenic(III) Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Mafakheri Erfan , Salimi Abdollah , Hallaj Rahman , Ramazani Abdolali , Kashi Mohamad Almasi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFor the first time iridium oxide (IrO2) nanotubes are synthesized by electrodeposition in a polycarbonate (PC) template. Potential cycling (90 cycles) between 0.0 and 0.9 V is used for the preparation of IrOx nanotubes onto the PC template with a pore diameter of 100 nm. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images show, that IrO2 nanotubes with uniform diameters of 110±10 nm and an estimated length of 1–3 µm are formed. The electrochemical properties and the electrocatalytic activity of a glassy carbon‐IrOx nanotube modified electrode toward Cr3+ and As3+ oxidation are investigated. Finally, the modified electrode is used for micromolar detection of the proposed analytes using differential pulse voltammetry.
Desorption and bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated soil subjected to long-term in situ biostimulation
Authors: Richardson Stephen D , Aitken Michael D 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The distribution and potential bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil from a former manufactured-gas plant (MGP) site were examined before and after long-term biostimulation under simulated in situ conditions. Treated soil was collected from the oxygenated zones of two continuous-flow columns, one subjected to biostimulation and the other serving as a control, and separated into low- and high-density fractions. In the original soil, over 50% of the total PAH mass was associated with lower density particles, which made up &lt;2% of the total soil mass. However, desorbable fractions of PAHs were much lower in the low-density material than in the high-density material. After more than 500 d of biostimulation, significant removal of total PAHs occurred in both the high- and low-density materials (77 and 53%, respectively), with three- and four-ring PAHs accounting for the majority of the observed mass loss. Total PAHs that desorbed over a 28-d period were substantially lower in treated soil from the biostimulated column than in the original soil for both the high-density material (23 vs. 63%) and the low-density material (5 vs. 20%). The fast-desorbing fractions quantified by a two-site desorption model ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 for most PAHs in the original soil but were essentially zero in the biostimulated soil. The fast-desorbing fractions in the original soil underestimated the extent of PAH biodegradation observed in the biostimulated column and thus was not a good predictor of PAH bioavailability after long-term, simulated in situ biostimulation. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2674–2681. © 2011 SETAC
Terrestrial ecotoxicity of short aliphatic protic ionic liquids
Authors: Peric Brezana , Martí Esther , Sierra Jordi , Cruañas Robert , Iglesias Miguel , Garau Maria Antonia 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A study of the ecotoxicity of different short aliphatic protic ionic liquids (PILs) on terrestrial organisms was conducted. Tests performed within the present study include those assessing the effects of PILs on soil microbial functions (carbon and nitrogen mineralization) and terrestrial plants. The results show that the nominal lowest-observed-adverse-effect concentration (LOAEC) values were 5,000 mg/kg (dry soil) for the plant test in two species (Lolium perenne, Allium cepa), 1,000 mg/kg (dry soil) for the plant test in one species (Raphanus sativus), and 10,000 mg/kg (dry soil) for carbon and nitrogen microbial transformation tests (all concentrations are nominal). Most of the median effective concentration values (EC50) were above 1,000 mg/kg (dry soil). Based on the obtained results, these compounds can be described as nontoxic for soil microbiota and the analyzed plants, and potentially biodegradable in soils, as can be deduced from the respirometric experiment. The toxicity rises with the increase of complexity of the PILs molecule (branch and length of aliphatic chain) among the three PILs analyzed. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2802–2809. © 2011 SETAC