bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oseltamivir treatment of mice before or after mild influenza infection reduced cellular and cytokine inflammation in the lung
Authors: Wong Zi Xin , Jones Jessica E. , Anderson Gary P. , Gualano Rosa C. 
Published: March 2011

Please cite this paper as: Wong et al. (2011) Oseltamivir treatment of mice before or after mild influenza infection reduced cellular and cytokine inflammation in the lung. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(5), 343–350.Background  Lung inflammation is a critical determinant of influenza infection outcomes but is seldom evaluated in animal studies of oseltamivir (OS), which have focused on viral titre and survival.Objectives  To study the effects of pre‐ and post‐infection dosing with OS on viral replication and inflammation in a mouse model of non‐lethal influenza infection.Methods  BALB/c mice were infected with a laboratory‐adapted H3N1 strain of influenza. In pre‐dosing studies, OS was gavaged twice daily (1 and 10 mg/kg/day) from 4 hours prior to infection and continuing for 5 days (d) post‐infection (p.i). In the second post‐infection dosing study, dosing at 10 mg/kg/day began at 24–48 hours p.i. Mice were dissected at d3, d5 and d7 p.i. (pre‐dosing study) and d5 p.i. (post‐dosing study). Lung viral titres were determined by plaque assay. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and used for the quantitation of inflammatory cells and mediators.Results  Pre‐infection dosing of OS reduced total cells, neutrophils and macrophages in BALF. With pre‐ or post‐infection dosing, the pro‐inflammatory mediators TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, the neutrophil chemokines keratinocyte‐derived chemokine and MIP‐1α and the macrophage chemokine MCP‐1 were reduced in BALF. Pre‐dosing with 1 mg/kg OS did not reduce viral titres, while 10 mg/kg slightly reduced viral titres at d3 and d5 p.i.Conclusions  Oseltamivir reduced the inflammatory response to influenza when given pre‐ or post‐infection. This anti‐inflammatory effect may contribute to the clinical benefit of OS.
Scaling up Instance‐Based Learning Theory to Account for Social Interactions
Authors: Gonzalez Cleotilde , Martin Jolie M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTraditional economic theory often describes real‐world social dilemmas as abstract games where an individual’s goal is to maximize economic benefit by cooperating or competing with others. Despite extensive empirical work, descriptive models of human behavior in social dilemmas are lacking in both cognitive realism and predictive power. This article addresses a central challenge arising from the success of modeling individuals making decisions from experience: our ability to scale these models up to explain social interactions. We propose that models based on the instance‐based learning theory (IBLT) will help us to understand how conflictual social interactions are influenced by prior experiences of involved individuals and by information available to them during the course of interaction. We present mechanisms by which IBLT might capture the effects of social interaction with different levels of information without assuming predefined interaction strategies, but rather by assuming learning from experience.
Agency in Conflict Resolution as a Manager–Lawyer Issue: Theory and Implications for Research
Authors: Borbély Adrian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAgency theory is often used, through the principal–agent framework, to explain organizational barriers to conflict resolution, i.e., the internal reasons why parties in conflict lean so much toward adjudication, despite the availability of more efficient negotiated settlement methods. Framing business conflict resolution as a professional service, a knowledge‐intensive field in which lawyers assist the other functions of the firm in resolving difficulties encountered with other organizations, leads scholars to reconsider classical agency assumptions. This contribution proposes a manager–lawyer agency framework of conflict resolution, which recognizes the influence lawyers exert over their clients and induces a focus on the micro‐interactions among decision‐makers, in‐house legal counsels and attorneys as they coproduce response to conflict. From this theoretical effort, one may draw numerous paths for future research aiming to provide Alternative Dispute Resolution promoters with an increased understanding of within‐party agency interactions.
Primers for identification of type and other archived specimens of Aphrodes leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae)
Authors: BLUEMEL JOANNA K. , ANDREW KING R. , VIRANT‐DOBERLET META , SYMONDSON WILLIAM O. C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPrimers were developed for leafhoppers of the genus Aphrodes amplifying 84–244 bp fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. DNA was extracted from legs of over 100‐year‐old archived museum specimens, amplified and sequenced. The fragments contain sufficient variation to unequivocally identify the different species. The majority of the analysed museum specimens, including three specimens of the syntype series for the UK endemic species A. aestuarina (Edwards 1908), were found to have been assigned to the wrong species. This work clearly underlines the need to validate museum specimens using molecular methods where identity is in doubt, based on reliable standards for species discrimination.
Microsatellite loci for dreissenid mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) and relatives: markers for assessing exotic and native populations
Authors: FELDHEIM KEVIN A. , BROWN JOSHUA E. , MURPHY DOUGLAS J. , STEPIEN CAROL A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe developed and tested 14 new polymorphic microsatellite loci for dreissenid mussels, including the two species that have invaded many freshwater habitats in Eurasia and North America, where they cause serious industrial fouling damage and ecological alterations. These new loci will aid our understanding of their genetic patterns in invasive populations as well as throughout their native Ponto‐Caspian distributions. Eight new loci for the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha polymorpha and six for the quagga mussel D. rostriformis bugensis were compared with new results from six previously published loci to generate a robust molecular toolkit for dreissenid mussels and their relatives. Taxa tested include D. p. polymorpha, D. r. bugensis, D. r. grimmi, D. presbensis, the ‘living fossil’Congeria kusceri, and the dark false mussel Mytilopsis leucophaeata (the latter also is invasive). Overall, most of the 24 zebra mussel (N = 583) and 13 quagga mussel (N = 269) population samples conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium expectations for the new loci following sequential Bonferroni correction. The 11 loci (eight new, three previously published) evaluated for D. p. polymorpha averaged 35.1 alleles and 0.72 mean observed heterozygosity per locus, and 25.3 and 0.75 for the nine loci (six new, three previously published) developed for D. r. bugensis. All but three of these loci successfully amplified the other species of Dreissena, and all but one also amplified Congeria and Mytilopsis. All species and populations tested were significantly divergent using the microsatellite data, with neighbour‐joining trees reflecting their evolutionary relationships; our results reveal broad utility for resolving their biogeographic, evolutionary, population and ecological patterns.
Identifying Y‐chromosomal diversity by long‐template PCR
Authors: WANDELER PETER , CAMENISCH GLAUCO 
Published: April 2011

AbstractComparing Y‐chromosomal and mitochondrial haplotype variation is a promising approach to independently investigate paternal and maternal evolutionary histories in wild mammal populations. However, the difficulty of developing male‐specific genetic markers, because of its distinctive genetic architecture and the general low level of polymorphisms observed on the Y chromosome, hampers usually an effective application of this approach. Here, we present a further method of the established Y chromosome conserved anchored tagged sequences strategy to develop Y‐chromosomal markers by screening introns of male‐specific region (MSY) genes for sequence polymorphisms. By applying long‐template PCR using target species‐specific primers, adequate sequence information of several kb in size can be obtained. We applied this method in the snow vole (Chionomys nivalis) and obtained 12.4 kb of male‐specific sequence data for nine males representing four populations in the Swiss Alps. A total of 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms, four indels (>1 bp) and one polymorphic microsatellite were identified in introns of the SMCY and DBY genes. Based on this information, we developed a Y‐chromosomal genotyping assay and identified four different paternal lineages within one local snow vole population. The method we present is straightforward and as such will probably be suitable to detect adequate Y‐chromosomal diversity in a wide range of mammalian species.
Targeting Inflammation in Cardiovascular Diseases. Still a Neglected field?
Authors: Gómez‐Guerrero Carmen , Mallavia Beñat , Egido Jesus 
Published: April 2011

SummaryPrevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is still a clinical challenge in the cardiovascular medicine. The classical belief that atherosclerotic lesion development solely depends on lipid deposition has been replaced by the current concept that activation of immune and inflammatory responses plays a central role in plaque initiation and progression. In this review we summarize studies on human and genetically modified animals describing a finite number of cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie immunoinflammation in atherosclerotic plaques. We focus on the pro‐ and antiinflammatory mediators activated during atherogenesis and the intracellular signaling pathways regulating these events. Besides the advances on established pharmacological agents, we propose potential strategies for reduction/stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques based on the clinical data in inflammatory‐associated pathologies and on the encouraging studies in experimental models of atherosclerosis. We emphasize the potential of such novel inhibitors comprising receptor antagonists, neutralizing antibodies, kinase inhibitors, peptide‐based technologies, and chemicals as emerging antiinflammatory strategies for the treatment of atherosclerotic disease complications.
State‐Level Zoonotic Disease Surveillance in the United States
Authors: Scotch M. , Rabinowitz P. , Brandt C. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryMost emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, yet recent commissions have highlighted deficiencies in their surveillance. We conducted a survey to understand the needs of state agencies for zoonotic disease surveillance. The findings will hopefully support the development of biomedical informatics applications that can link animal and human data for surveillance.
Fozivudine Tidoxil as Single‐Agent Therapy Decreases Plasma and Cell‐Associated Viremia during Acute Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Fogle J.E. , Tompkins W.A. , Campbell B. , Sumner D. , Tompkins M.B. 
Published: April 2011

Background: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus that infects domestic and wild felidae and the course of disease is similar to that of human immunodeficiency virus infection. The thymidine nucleoside analog fozivudine (FZD) tidoxil is a lipid—zidovudine (ZDV) conjugate and member of the family of nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NRTIs).Hypothesis: FZD administration to cats during acute FIV infection produces antiviral activity with fewer adverse effects than its parent compound ZDV (AZT).Animals: Male, neutered cats approximately 7 months of age (n = 12).Methods: FZD (45 mg/kg q12h, n = 6) or placebo (n = 6) was administered PO in a nonblinded trial for 6 weeks to cats infected with the NCSU1 isolate of FIV. Peripheral blood was collected preinfection and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks postinfection for CBC, evaluation of CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts by flow cytometry, and quantification of plasma and cell‐associated viremia by real time RT‐PCR.Results: Treatment of cats with FZD during the acute stage of FIV infection decreased plasma and cell‐associated viremia during the first 2 weeks of infection, but was not protective against FIV, as all cats were infected by 6 weeks.Conclusions: At the dosage used in this study, treatment with FZD results in a short‐term decrease in viral load with no adverse effects. Further investigation of FZD is warranted to assess pharmacokinetics, optimal dosage, and to directly compare the antiviral activity of FZD to ZDV in naturally infected cats.
Effects of verbascoside, biotechnologically purified by Syringa vulgaris plant cell cultures, in a rodent model of periodontitis
Authors: Paola Rosanna D I , Oteri Giacomo , Mazzon Emanuela , Crisafulli Concetta , Galuppo Maria , Toso Roberto D A L , Pressi Giovanna , Cordasco Giancarlo , Cuzzocrea Salvatore 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Objectives
Verbascoside has previously been characterized as an effective scavenger of active free radicals and an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of verbascoside from Syringa vulgaris in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis.

Methods
Male Sprague–Dawley rats were lightly anaesthetized with pentobarbitone (35 mg/kg). Sterile, 2-0 black braided silk thread was placed around the cervix of the lower left first molar and knotted medially. Animals received vebascoside 2 mg/kg orally, daily for 8 days.

Key findings
On the eighth day after placement of the ligature, we evaluated several markers of inflammation: (i) myeloperoxidase activity, (ii) thiobarbituric acid-reactant substance measurements, (iii) NF-κB expression, (iv) iNOS expression, (v) the nitration of tyrosine residues, (vi) activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, (vii) Bax and Bcl-2 expression and (viii) a degree of gingivomucosal tissue injury. Oral administration of verbascoside (2 mg/kg daily for 8 days) significantly decreased all of the parameters of inflammation as described above.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that verbascoside exerts an anti-inflammatory role during experimental periodontitis and is able to ameliorate the tissue damage associated with ligature-induced periodontitis.
Assisted hepatic resection using a toroidal HIFU device: An in vivo comparative study in pig
Authors: N'Djin W. A. , Melodelima D. , Schenone F. , Rivoire M. , Chapelon J. Y. 
Published: April 2011

Purpose:Bleeding is the main cause of postoperative complications during hepatic surgery. Blood loss and transfusions increase tumor recurrence in liver metastases from colorectal cancer. A high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) device with an integrated ultrasound imaging probe was developed for the treatment of colorectal liver metastasis.Methods:The HIFU toroidal‐shaped transducer contains 256 elements (working frequency: 3 MHz) and can create a single conical lesion of in 40 s. Then, the volume of treatment can be significantly increased by juxtaposing single lesions. Presented here is the use of this device in an animal model as a complementary tool to improve surgical resection in the liver. Before transecting the liver, a wall of coagulative necrosis was performed using this device in order to minimize blood loss and dissection time during hepatectomy. Resection assisted by HIFU was compared to classical dissections with clamping [intermittent Pringle maneuver (IPM) group] and without clamping (control group). For each technique, 14 partial liver resections were performed in seven pigs. Blood loss per dissection surface area and resection time were the main outcome parameters.Results:Conserving liver blood inflow during hepatic resection assisted by HIFU did not increase total blood loss compared to hepatic resection performed during IPM and controlled blood inflow . Lower blood loss was measured on average when using HIFU, even though difference with clamping (IPM) was not statistically significant . Resection assisted by HIFU reduced blood loss by 50% compared to control group (, ). The duration of transection when using HIFU was significantly lower compared to clamping (, ) and control (, ). Precoagulation also resulted in sealing blood vessels with a diameter of less than 5 mm, and therefore the number of clips needed in the HIFU group was significantly lower when compared to clamping (, ) and control (, ).Conclusions:This method holds promise for future clinical applications in resection of liver metastases.
Characterization and identification of spatial artifacts during 4D‐CT imaging
Authors: Han Dongfeng , Bayouth John , Bhatia Sudershan , Sonka Milan , Wu Xiaodong 
Published: April 2011

Purpose:The purpose of this work is twofold: First, to characterize the artifacts occurring in helical 4D‐CT imaging; second, to propose a method that canautomatically identify the artifacts in 4D‐CT images. The authors have designed a process that can automatically identify the artifacts in 4D‐CT images, which may be invaluable in quantifying the quality of 4D‐CT images and reducing the artifacts from the reconstructed images on a large dataset.Methods:Given two adjacent stacks obtained from the same respiration phase, the authors determine if there are artifacts between them. The proposed method uses a “bridge” stack strategy to connect the two stacks. Using normalized cross correlation convolution (NCCC), the two stacks are mapped to the bridge stack and the best matching positions can be located. Using this position information, the authors can then determine if there are artifacts between the two stacks. By combining the matching positions with NCCC values, the performance can be improved.Results:To validate the method, three expert observers independently labeled over 600 stacks on five patients. The results confirmed that high performance was obtained using the proposed method. The average sensitivity was about 0.87 and the average specificity was 0.82. The proposed method also outperformed the method of using respiratory signal (sensitivity increased from 0.50 to 0.87 and specificity increased from 0.70 to 0.82).Conclusions:This study shows that the spatial artifacts during 4D‐CT imaging are characterized and can be located automatically by the proposed method. The method is relatively simple but effective. It provides a way to evaluate the artifacts more objectively and accurately. The reported approach has promising potential for automatically identifying the types and frequency of artifacts on large scale 4D‐CT image dataset.
Deformable planning CT to cone‐beam CT image registration in head‐and‐neck cancer
Authors: Hou Jidong , Guerrero Mariana , Chen Wenjuan , D'Souza Warren D. 
Published: April 2011

Purpose:The purpose of this work was to implement and validate a deformable CT to cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) image registration method in head‐and‐neck cancer to eventually facilitate automatic target delineation on CBCT.Methods:Twelve head‐and‐neck cancer patients underwent a planning CT and weekly CBCT during the 5–7 week treatment period. The 12 planning CT images (moving images) of these patients were registered to their weekly CBCT images (fixed images) via the symmetric force Demons algorithm and using a multiresolution scheme. Histogram matching was used to compensate for the intensity difference between the two types of images. Using nine known anatomic points as registration targets, the accuracy of the registration was evaluated using the target registration error (TRE). In addition, region‐of‐interest (ROI) contours drawn on the planning CT were morphed to the CBCT images and the volume overlap index (VOI) between registered contours and manually delineated contours was evaluated.Results:The mean TRE value of the nine target points was less than 3.0 mm, the slice thickness of the planning CT. Of the 369 target points evaluated for registration accuracy, the average TRE value was . The mean TRE for bony tissue targets was , while the mean TRE for soft tissue targets was . The average VOI between the registered and manually delineated ROI contours was , which is consistent with that reported in previous studies.Conclusions:The authors have implemented and validated a deformable image registration method to register planning CT images to weekly CBCT images in head‐and‐neck cancer cases. The accuracy of the TRE values suggests that they can be used as a promising tool for automatic target delineation on CBCT.
Demons deformable registration of CT and cone‐beam CT using an iterative intensity matching approach
Authors: Nithiananthan Sajendra , Schafer Sebastian , Uneri Ali , Mirota Daniel J. , Stayman J. Webster , Zbijewski Wojciech , Brock Kristy K. , Daly Michael J. , Chan Harley , Irish Jonathan C. , Siewerdsen Jeffrey H. 
Published: April 2011

Purpose:A method of intensity‐based deformable registration of CT and cone‐beam CT (CBCT) images is described, in which intensity correction occurs simultaneously within the iterative registration process. The method preserves the speed and simplicity of the popular Demons algorithm while providing robustness and accuracy in the presence of large mismatch between CT and CBCT voxel values (“intensity”).Methods:A variant of the Demons algorithm was developed in which an estimate of the relationship between CT and CBCT intensity values for specific materials in the image is computed at each iteration based on the set of currently overlapping voxels. This tissue‐specific intensity correction is then used to estimate the registration output for that iteration and the process is repeated. The robustness of the method was tested in CBCT images of a cadaveric head exhibiting a broad range of simulated intensity variations associated with x‐ray scatter, object truncation, and/or errors in the reconstruction algorithm. The accuracy of CT‐CBCT registration was also measured in six real cases, exhibiting deformations ranging from simple to complex during surgery or radiotherapy guided by a CBCT‐capable C‐arm or linear accelerator, respectively.Results:The iterative intensity matching approach was robust against all levels of intensity variation examined, including spatially varying errors in voxel value of a factor of 2 or more, as can be encountered in cases of high x‐ray scatter. Registration accuracy without intensity matching degraded severely with increasing magnitude of intensity error and introduced image distortion. A single histogram match performed prior to registration alleviated some of these effects but was also prone to image distortion and was quantifiably less robust and accurate than the iterative approach. Within the six case registration accuracy study, iterative intensity matching Demons reduced mean TRE to compared to with rigid registration.Conclusions:A method was developed to iteratively correct CT‐CBCT intensity disparity during Demons registration, enabling fast, intensity‐based registration in CBCT‐guided procedures such as surgery and radiotherapy, in which CBCT voxel values may be inaccurate. Accurate CT‐CBCT registration in turn facilitates registration of multimodality preoperative image and planning data to intraoperative CBCT by way of the preoperative CT, thereby linking the intraoperative frame of reference to a wealth of preoperative information that could improve interventional guidance.