bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adventures in Quantum Information
Authors: Baggott Jim , Heilbron John L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The participants at the Erice thinkfest learned from Zeilinger about neutron diffraction. Working with Michael Horne, Zeilinger built a neutron interferometer, and used it to perform EPR-type experiments with two interfering neutrons. In 1986 they were joined by Daniel Greenberger, and together devised experiments involving three entangled photons, for which the predictions of local hidden variables and quantum mechanics are mutually exclusive. Such states were produced in Zeilinger’s laboratory in 1998, and two years later confirmed the quantum predictions. As attention turned to the closure of ‘loopholes’, commercial prospects were being explored in experiments using an installed fibre-optic network, sending entangled photons 8-9 kilometres to two Swiss villages. In 2017, entangled photons were bounced from Micius, a dedicated experimental satellite, to ground stations in China 1100-1200 kilometres apart. Bell continued to rail against the orthodox interpretation of quantum measurement until his death in 1990. Bohm departed two years later.
Individual Income Taxation
Authors: Conrad Robert F. , Alexeev Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Income taxation is the cornerstone of the authors’ approach to longer-term reform. Therefore, it is important to examine how income is derived both methodologically and practically. The specific practical structure proposed in this chapter is based on the use of Advance Payment Agents, described in Chapter 2, to collect tax on the components of income as they accrue. The extent to which taxable income is aggregated into an empirical measure of comprehensive income with the advanced payments used as a credit will depend on administrative capacity and public awareness. A practical standard for income taxation is described in this chapter. The standard is an empirical measure of income from market interactions based on one derivation of Haig-Simons Income. The standard is an objective to be achieved through time. Knowledge of the standard is necessary, however, in order to implement piecemeal policy consistent with the longer term goal. One strategy for emerging economies is described.
Centering the Learner in Arts Education for Older Adults
Authors: Lambert Patricia Dewey , Blandy Doug , Wyszomirski Margaret J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
“Centering the Learner in Arts Education for Older Adults” offers essential theorization necessary for reimaging the role of arts-based lifelong learning for older adults across America’s communities. This chapter addresses the dearth of conceptual and theoretical resources that are crucial to advance arts education for older adults by drawing from cognate academic fields, such as folklore, gerontology, and education. This chapter discusses theories supporting creativity, culture, folk groups, and the arts in the life course from an arts educator’s perspective. The chapter concludes with articulating a framework that supports key recommendations for designing and implementing learner-centered arts education programs. Overall, this chapter provides crucial theoretical foundations for understanding why and how the field of arts education needs to be reconceptualized for older adults.
Creating a Learner-Centered Transformative Arts Education Environment for Older Adults
Authors: Lambert Patricia Dewey , Blandy Doug , Wyszomirski Margaret J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
“Creating a Learner-Centered Transformative Arts Education Environment for Older Adults” builds on the theoretical foundations introduced in the previous chapter with an in-depth discussion of transformative learning theory. The field of lifelong learning is introduced, and transformative learning theory is presented as an essential theoretical construct for reconceptualizing arts education programs for older adults. Professional competencies regarding working with older adults are identified and critiqued. The chapter ultimately integrates transformative learning theory into a multidisciplinary conceptual approach to lifelong learning. This leads to a set of concrete practitioner-oriented recommendations for using this theoretical approach in developing arts-based educational programs for older adults.
Arts Programs for Older Adults in Residential and Clinical Care Settings
Authors: Lambert Patricia Dewey , Blandy Doug , Wyszomirski Margaret J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
“Arts Programs for Older Adults in Residential and Clinical Care Settings” transitions from a focus on community-based programs that older adults are able to access independently to an analysis of how arts in healthy aging programs can be provided in senior living settings and healthcare facilities. This chapter provides a concise overview of America’s complex eldercare and healthcare system, an introduction to matters pertaining to healthcare quality and healthcare consumerism, and a basic introduction to Medicare, Medicaid, and long-term care. Key concepts in age-friendly healthcare and patient-centered care are introduced in this chapter. The chapter also provides a descriptive analysis of pathways for arts programs to be developed to serve patient groups across the care continuum ranging from independent living, to assisted living, to clinical care.
Transitional Takeaways
Authors: Drumbl Mark A. , Holá Barbora 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 offers normative takeaways for transitional justice in the Czech Republic. Following 1989, informers were cast as dangers to the nascent liberal democracy. This scapegoating, unjustified in light of what had actually motivated informers, might have provided a sense of comfort to many Czechs. Chapter 6 interrogates this comfort and unpacks its problematic aspects. Additionally, it questions the putative virtues of transparency and explores cruelties that inhere in opening the StB files to the public in a largely unadulterated fashion. This chapter then pivots from the Czech experience to broader prescriptive questions about the place of informers in transitional justice. Encouraging goals of rehabilitation, reconciliation, and reintegration in the case of everyday informers—rather than ostracism and rejection—the chapter proposes a heuristic that could guide transitional justice mechanisms in how they approach informers. This heuristic aims to promote dignity and render transitional justice more transformative.
On the Threshold of Modernity
Authors: Simon Hendrik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The main aim of the four chapters in Part I Justifying War in the Nineteenth Century: A European Tradition is to underline the constant need for justifying war in nineteenth-century discourse on war and international order. Chapter 3 reconstructs the great transformations in the discourse of war and international order that were triggered at the ‘threshold of modernity’. It is argued that the modern discourse on war and peace emerged in the context of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. While modern narratives such as nationalism and popular sovereignty entered the political practice of justifying war (Chapter 3.2), two political theorists were to become constitutive for the modern discourse on the legitimacy of war: Immanuel Kant and Carl von Clausewitz (Chapter 3.3).
Between Might and Right
Authors: Simon Hendrik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 deals with political, public, and legal debates that accompanied the crises and interstate wars between 1853 and 1878. The chapter’s focus is on the international debates on the legitimacy of war in the context of the Crimean War of 1853–56 (Chapter 5.2) as well as on the Italian (Chapter 5.3) and German Wars of Unification (Chapter 5.4). As can be observed in these Great Power debates on justifying war, the multilateral diplomacy that followed the 1814/15 Congress of Vienna had given rise to stable normative expectations. The proposition that war could be waged without an internationally accepted ‘just cause’, as the thesis of liberum ius ad bellum claims, can be falsified in this chapter with reference to the discourse between 1815 and 1878. Even after the Crimean War, many wars between the Great Powers were prevented through diplomacy. As becomes obvious in this chapter, the institution of the Concert of Europe only ceased to exist with the First World War.
Recht zum Krieg
Authors: Simon Hendrik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The main argument of Part II Emergence of a Myth: A German Sonderweg? is that the myth of liberum ius ad bellum is not an early twentieth-century ex post construction. Rather, it began to emerge in the context of the German Empire. To develop this argument, Chapter 7 reconstructs how a Clausewitzian school gained in importance in the Kaiserreich’s legal discourse during the Wilhelminian era (1890–1918). In 1888, German lawyer Heinrich Rettich published a treatise entitled Zur Theorie und Geschichte des Rechts zum Kriege, probably the first legal work of the nineteenth century to assert liberum ius ad bellum as a positive legal norm (Chapter 7.2). Rettich introduced realist viewpoints, developed into legal discourse by German nationalist historians and philosophers such as Heinrich von Treitschke and Adolf Lasson (Chapter 7.3). While Rettich had some reservations about openly acknowledging the primacy of politics in his text, numerous influential German lawyers after him, such as Christian Meurer or Karl Lueder, strictly dissociated themselves from the internationalism of their liberal contemporaries (Chapter 7.4). They developed a second, bellicist variant of the thesis of the ‘free right to go to war’ (Chapter 7.5). Both variants—the positivist and the bellicist—were largely of German origin.
War, Normativity, and the Birth of Modern International Order
Authors: Simon Hendrik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The concluding chapter brings together the findings of Part I and Part II. In view of the nineteenth-century normative order regulating the use of force in international relations, the thesis of liberum ius ad bellum must be rejected as a myth. Here, the question of continuity and change is posed once again. Although positive international law became increasingly important in political debates in the second half of the nineteenth century, the discourse on war and international order remained characterized by multiple normative narratives throughout the entire century. Based on this finding, I develop two final arguments: first, as ‘multinormativity’ is still with us, it seems worthwhile to examine the role of norms in more recent war discourses beyond the vocabulary of legal positivism. Second, and this is shown throughout the study, the results clearly indicate that there is a need for a more systematic historical engagement with discourses justifying war in the past and present. After all, the emergence of the myth of liberum ius ad bellum was only possible because historical accounts of nineteenth-century normative war discourses were long neglected and ignored.
Striking Back
Authors: Sadiki Larbi , Saleh Layla 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter outlines the anatomy of a century of syndicalist tradition. Spanning anti-colonial and postcolonial spatialities and temporalities, this protestscape investigates the General Union of Tunisian Workers’ (UGTT) as a formidable anti-systemic force leading the “insurrectionary politics” of the 1970s onward. The type of dissent featuring in this protestscape predates Tunisian state-making. Yet, protests by unions came closest to unmaking the state. The union’s vacillation between cooperation and confrontation with the state resonates throughout. Empirically, the analysis draws on primary data from previously unused newspaper archives and UGTT documents, along with Tunisian literature on the subject. The chapter traces the build-up, execution, and fallout of popular protest in the 1978 General Strike (“Black Thursday”) and the bread riots of 1984. In so doing, it de-mythologizes the most structured syndicalist organization in the Arab region. The interpretation sheds light on the agentic, affective, and cognitive elements framing the didactic/learning and dyadic nature of UGTT protests, trans-historically.
Becoming in Diachrony
Authors: Sadiki Larbi , Saleh Layla 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the protestscape of protestscapes, Tunisia’s 2011 revolution. It demonstrates how the diachrony of Tunisian protest unfolds. Time and space collapse as counter-memories, learned protest competencies, deepening socio-economic marginalization and political exclusion all come to a head. The revolution sparked in Tunisia’s Southern peripheries was decades in the making. Diverse and situated protestscapes converged into a Bakhtinian-type “carnival” turning reigning power relations and patterns of meaning-making upside down. The empirical analysis drawing on Tunisian newspapers, published testimonies, and interviews suggests that Ben Ali’s departure did not mark the revolution’s end. The Kasbah 1 and 2 sit-ins cemented popular demands for freedom and dignity. Protestors displayed a maturing agency, affect, and cognition of cresting peoplehood, further institutionalizing the emptying out of the authoritarian center. The analysis concretizes the strategies and experiences of nationwide popular protest in which human suffering and sacrifice loom large. It also hints at the incompleteness and indeterminacy of revolution as democratization commences.
Tunisia’s Ultras
Authors: Sadiki Larbi , Saleh Layla 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The chapter proceeds with a critical reading of the football ultras Protestscape. It dwells on some of its notable features. Defying the “pre” and “post” labels, the motor of young super-fans’ rebelliousness runs strong over a decade after they mobilized and joined throngs demanding freedom, dignity, and Ben Ali’s departure in 2011. Next, whilst locating Tunisia’s ultras within the global ultras “culture,” the analysis focuses particularly on protest and spectacle. It deploys visual methods and multi-modal discourse analysis. It interprets songs and choreographies (dakhlah) and the ultras’ localized enacting of spectacles (resembling the religious hadrah). The language of ultras and the vocabulary they bring to Tunisia’s protest-revolution lexicon is an analytical focal point. This illustrates the affect of these performative acts eliciting agentic performances cognizing a peoplehood, yearned for but unfulfilled. These are vital for grasping the em-bodied and spatialized types of situated knowledges within this protestscape. The chapter closes with an exploration of the T‘allam ‘Oum campaign demonstrating conflict with the police over the last few years.
Conclusion
Authors: Sadiki Larbi , Saleh Layla 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Through an intertextual frame, this chapter offers reflective insights by way of conclusion. Taming the revolution critically and briefly brings into conversation peoplehood and democratization, heuristics and empirics. This is linked to the lens of protestscape interpretations, as an epistemology of writing revolution, in our case Tunisia’s. Protestscapes reveal peoplehood as agency, affect and cognition, interweaving with and through time and space. A key conundrum of revolution addressed here is how the people can go “missing.” Revolution can be fleeting and/or is never “whole.” Nor is democracy. The chapter considers how dissensus and agonism coproduce politics and democracy, against the backdrop of revolution.
Editors’ Introduction
Authors: Nagasawa Yujin , Zarepour Mohammad Saleh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This introduction outlines the editors’ motivation for compiling Global Dialogues in the Philosophy of Religion From Religious Experience to the Afterlife and details its objectives. First, it emphasizes the significance of globalizing and diversifying the field of the philosophy of religion, highlighting the necessity of addressing issues relevant to various religious traditions for philosophical advancement. It then explains the structure of the book, illustrating how it facilitates engaging dialogues among philosophers from diverse religious backgrounds, fostering discussions on common philosophical themes. It concludes with the editors’ aspiration that the publication of this edited collection will help transform the philosophy of religion into a global, multi-faith discipline.
Indian and Tibetan Buddhist Accounts of the Epistemology of Awakening
Authors: Garfield Jay L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
All Buddhist traditions ascribe omniscience to buddhas. But it is not always clear what this means. This is for two broad reasons. First, there is debate about what falls within the purview of a buddha’s knowledge. Does this include literally every fact, or only soteriologically relevant facts; does it include conventional truth, or only the ultimate truth, etc.?) Second, there is debate about just in what a buddha’s knowledge consists. Is it declarative, a matter of skill, of perceptual acquaintance, etc.? Addressing these debates raises interesting questions about epistemology more broadly, and about the role of knowledge in soteriology. The author of this chapter engages with some of these questions.
Jewish Faith and the King’s Four Sons
Authors: Verbin Nehama 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The purpose of the chapter is to elucidate the grammar of ‘faith’ in Judaism. The author of the chapter argues that it functions as a ‘family resemblance’ concept, with diverse manifestations and no shared essence. Focusing on the presumed importance of faith as belief in some core principles and on the presumed significance of faith as trust, the author argues for the limited role of the so-called Principles of Judaism and emphasizes the key role of subversive narratives of protest and doubt in Jewish liturgy. Relying on a brief passage from tractate semachot, in which Rabbi Akiva describes the King’s four sons’ different manners of responding to affliction, and reflecting on the mishnaic concept of ‘controversy for the sake of heaven’, the author of this chapter proceeds to argue that the diverse visions of faith have a normative significance. ‘Faith’ in Judaism is a ‘family resemblance’ concept both descriptively and, for some, normatively too.
The Relationship between Science and Christianity
Authors: Cruz Helen De 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
How should we conceive of the relationship between science and religion? We often think of this as a theoretical question, pondered in the dispassionate halls of academia. However, the way in which we conceptualize this relationship in the public sphere also impacts the working lives of scientists, as well as the lived experience of laypeople and the concrete decisions they make. The author of this chapter argues that American lay Christians, as well as American laypeople more generally, view the relationship between science and religion as one of conflict. By contrast, conflict is a minority view in the academic literature on science and religion, where most authors defend a harmonious relationship (such as independence, dialogue, and integration). The author places the conflict view in a historical and contemporary sociological context and argues that the disconnect between the academic literature and public perception should lead us to reflect on the social role of the science and religion debate.
Incarnational Ethics
Authors: Murphy Mark C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
What follows for morality if orthodox Christianity is true? More specifically, what conclusions we should draw from the Chalcedonian understanding of the Incarnation, on which Christ is both fully human and fully divine and is ‘like us in all respects except for sin’? A couple of desiderata for moral theory should be drawn from the Chalcedonian understanding: first, because Christ’s being like us in all ways but sin includes Christ’s being like us with respect to normative features, Christ is under the moral law in the same way that the rest of us are; and second, because we are to take Christ’s exhibiting both a divine and a human nature to be marvellous and astonishing, we should prefer a moral theory on which being human places one under the moral law but being divine does not. These desiderata give some support to a natural law understanding of the moral law.
The World to Come
Authors: Solomyak Olla 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Jewish thinkers have held two opposing conceptions of life after death, or what is known in the Jewish tradition as the World-to-Come (Olam Haba). On the ‘intellectualist’ conception maintained primarily by Maimonides and Gersonides, the World-to-Come is an immaterial realm that exists in the present, which one enters upon death as a ‘pure intellect’ in virtue of the knowledge acquired throughout one’s life. On the alternative ‘supernaturalist’ conception defended by Nachmanides, Crescas, and others, the World-to-Come is the future post-Messianic reality of our own physical world, which one enters by being resurrected in a physical body when this time arrives. In this chapter, we’ll see that each of the two classic views faces challenges in providing a satisfying explanation of how it is that we can come to exist in the World-to-Come as ourselves. After presenting the central commitments of each view and briefly sketching these challenges, the author of this chapter proposes an alternative direction for thinking about the World-to-Come that is grounded in and inspired by Hasidic Jewish thought. It is suggested that the Hasidic tradition can be interpreted so as to offer an alternative conception of the World-to-Come—one that integrates certain core aspects of the two familiar views into a unified metaphysical picture, and may have the resources to resolve the difficulties they face at the same time.
Against Analytic Existence Entailments
Authors: van Inwagen Peter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
If the sentence ‘If certain simples are arranged chairwise, then there is a chair’ is analytic, it is an analytic existence entailment. (In this is resembles the sentence ‘If an object acquires a property, then there is an event.’) Amie Thomasson has defended the existence of and has made extensive use of analytic existence entailments. This chapter is a defense of the position that the sentences Thomasson identifies as analytic existence entailments are not analytic. What is analytic is, rather, ‘If certain simples are arranged chairwise, then, if those simples have a mereological sum, that mereological sum is a chair’.
Introduction
Authors: Burgorgue-Larsen Laurence 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Introduction explains the basis for focusing on regional systems for protecting human rights, and sets out the multidisciplinary approach the book takes. In particular, it presents the main idea that runs through the book, namely that nothing in the processes by which these systems were set up came about just like that: each human rights system (the African, European, and inter-American) was, is now, and always will be dependent on the good offices of the states that set it up in the first place. A proper sense of this vulnerability is central to an understanding of the workings of each Court.
Creation
Authors: Burgorgue-Larsen Laurence 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks at just how persistent states have been in defending their sovereignty. It looks at the considerable difficulties faced by those who have promoted the systems for protecting human rights and then worked to establish them, each in its own particular context, which has been decisive in shaping the development of each system. The chapter demonstrates that the myth of an easy, almost instantaneous creation of control mechanisms by states, on the basis of a process they promoted and supported, must be debunked once and for all. Only the combination of a complex set of factors explains why—at particular times, under specific circumstances, and thanks to the fierce determination of a few outstanding individuals—it became possible for the 3 Courts for the protection of human rights to be set up.