bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body esteem and its relationship with early maladaptive schemas in borderline personality disorder and major depression
Authors: Szily Dorottya , Nagy Zita S. , Szabó Dominik , Unoka Zsolt Szabolcs 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: The disruption of body esteem is associated with distress and may be linked to psychiatric disorders such as Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Major Depression (MD). Existing studies have primarily focused on body satisfaction as a unified concept, without delving into specific body areas or functions. Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) are observed in individuals with BPD and MD. So far little is known about their potential influence on body esteem, particularly within the context of MD or BPD. This study aims to investigate the satisfaction levels pertaining to different body areas and the influence of EMSs on body esteem BPD patients and MD patients.
Methods: Our study included 31 patients diagnosed with BPD (25 women), 27 diagnosed with MD (17 women) and 25 healthy individuals (HC, 16 women) (Mage was between 29 and 33 for each groups). The SCID-5-PD and MINI was used to assess psychiatric disorders. Body esteem was measured by using an extended version of Body Esteem Scale. EMSs were measured by using Young Schema Questionnaire. Short Form 2.
Results: Regarding EMS domains and general body esteem, all groups differed significantly from each other, except in Overvigilance, where BPD differed from MD and HC. Regarding body functions, BPD group differed from MD and HC groups. For the head, BPD patients and HCs differed from each other. Regarding the upper body HCs differed from the psychiatric patients.
Following the identification of schema domains and their correlation with body variables, significant findings emerge within the BPD and MD groups. In the BPD group, Enmeshment exhibits a notable inverse association with general body esteem and body functions. Conversely, within the MD group, Entitlement displays a marked positive correlation with general body esteem. Furthermore, Vulnerability to Harm in the BPD group and Failure to Achieve in the MD group potentially contribute to disturbances in body esteem.
Conclusions: Our study suggests that both BPD and MD patients experience disturbances in body esteem. Specifically, in patients with BPD, perceptions of body functions are significantly affected. Furthermore, within both disorders, specific EMSs can be identified, which are related to impairments in body esteem.
Spatiotemporal Changes of Cultivated Land Utilization in Black Soil Region, China based on Geo-information Tupu
Authors: Li Dan , Xi Zhilong , He Pengkai , Xin Xiuwen , Chen Jiayuan , Chen Guizhen , Kang Guangqing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the quantity and quality of cultivated land in black soil region in Northeast China have changed with the continuous strengthening of the breadth and depth of land development, directly affecting food security in China. In this study, land-use data based on geo-information Tupu in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 were selected and the spatiotemporal evolution of cultivated land in Northeast China was analyzed. Meanwhile, the driving factors affecting the changes of cultivated land during the past 30 years was also explored. The results indicate that the net increase of cultivated land in the study area is 127.72 km2 (accounting for 0.038% of the study area) from 1990 to 2020, and a trend of “increase-decrease-increase” during the past 30 years can be obtained. The change of cultivated land mainly due to the mutual conversion between cultivated land and forest (net increase: 6024.76 km2, grassland (net increase: 734.08 km2) and construction land (net decrease: 7393. 42 km2). The conversions of cultivated land and forest, grassland and construction land are mainly located in the northeastern, mid-western and southern, and eastern of the study area, and the center of cultivated land within the study area shifted towards the southeast from 1990 to 2010, while the center showed a convoluted trend (moving towards the northwest) during the 2010-2020 period, but the migration speed gradually slowed down. The spatiotemporal pattern changes of cultivated land in the study area from 1990 to 2020 are the comprehensive effects of natural environmental and socio-economic factors, among which slope, elevation, and annual precipitation are the main contributing factors. The conclusion of this study will provide scientific reference for the study of cultivated land utilization and protection in the black soil region in Northeast China.
Enhanced Exosomes: A Breakthrough Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: Ghasroldasht Mohammad Mousaei , Park Hang-Soo , Ali Farzana Liakath , Beckman Analea , Mohammadi Mahya , Hafner Nina , Al-Hendy Ayman 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) presents a multifaceted challenge with limited treatment options. This study explored the therapeutic potential of exosome-based interventions for chemotherapy-induced POI.
Methods
With a novel culture system, enhanced exosomes were engineered from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), demonstrating superior efficacy compared to naïve exosomes.
Results
In vitro models revealed the significant impact of enhanced exosomes secretion, which promoted granulosa cell proliferation, mitigated apoptosis, and enhanced ovarian functional markers. The findings in an in vivo chemotherapy-induced POI mouse model underscored the restoration of ovarian morphology, follicle numbers, and fertility in both the naïve and enhanced exosome-treated groups. Notably, the enhanced exosome group demonstrated a heightened pregnancy rate, increased numbers of primary follicles, and a significant reduction in ovarian apoptosis. Safety assessments indicated the feasibility and safety of intravenous exosome administration. MiRNA profiling revealed distinctive cargo in the enhanced exosomes, among which miR-20b-5p played a pivotal role in regulating apoptosis and inflammation; this finding is especially important given that apoptosis is one of the primary complications of chemotherapy-induced POI. Furthermore, cells treated with enhanced amounts of exosomes demonstrated significant overexpression of miR-20b-5p, resulting in decreased PTEN expression and the activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway—a crucial mechanism in mitigating chemotherapy-induced POI.
Conclusions
This study introduces an innovative exosome-based therapeutic paradigm, accentuating the pivotal role of cargo composition. Further exploration of the identified miRNA profile in enhanced exosomes is warranted for elucidating the underlying mechanisms involved, as this approach could lead to breakthroughs in clinical POI treatment.
Prediction of Difficult Mask Ventilation in Thai Adult Patients undergoing Elective Surgery using Ultrasound of Distance from Skin to Hyoid Bone, and from Skin to Thyroid Isthmus: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Anchalee Santi , Wasoontrarak Kanatawan , Benjhawaleemas Pannawit , Chatmongkolchart Sunisa , Prathep Sumidtra 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
A previous study showed that airway ultrasound, specifically the distance from the skin to the hyoid bone (DSHB), may be correlated with a higher risk of difficult mask ventilation (DMV). However, the study was conducted in Italy and lacks data for the Asian and Thai populations. This study aimed to predict DMV using pre-operative ultrasonography to measure the DSHB and from the skin to the thyroid isthmus (DSTI) in Thai patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia.
Methods
In total, 189 patients who underwent general anesthesia during elective surgery were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. Pre-operative physical examinations and airway evaluations were performed as usual. Airway ultrasound was performed to measure DSHB and DSTI before the anesthetic procedure. Anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists performed bag-and-mask ventilation using the one-hand technique. DMV was assessed and recorded according to Han’s mask ventilation classification in which DMV-0 indicates no attempt at mask ventilation; DMV-I indicates successful ventilation by mask; DMV-II indicates ventilation by mask with oral airway/adjuvant ventilation; DMV-III indicates that ventilation required two providers; and DMV-IV indicates the patient’s inability to undergo mask ventilation.
Results
Thirty (17%) patients were classified as having DMV-0, and DMV-I, II, and III classifications were observed in 126(67%), 18(10%), and 12(6%) patients, respectively. None of the patients were classified as DMV-IV. The DSHB medians were 0.4(0.3–0.6), 0.7(0.5–1), 0.7(0.6–0.8), and 0.6(0.3–0.9) cm in DMV-0, I, II, and III, respectively (p < 0.001). The DSTI medians were 0.9(0.8–1.1), 0.8(0.7–1.1), 0.7(0.6–0.9), and 0.8(0.8–1.4) cm for DMV-0, I, II, and III, respectively (p = 0.041). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that the following factors were associated with difficult mask ventilation (DMV-III): male sex, modified Mallampati classification III, edentulousness, DSHB, and DSTI, with an area under the curve of 0.89.
Conclusions
This study showed that airway ultrasonography to determine DSHB and DSTI during patients’ routine physical examinations significantly improved the prediction of DMV. Patients classified as having DMV-III require prompt management for airway difficulties. However, the individual factors DSHB and DSTI alone are insufficient to predict DMV.
Trial registration:
Registration number: TCTR2020093002
Fluvial erosion linked to warming in the Arctic
Authors: Fields Jordan , Kreisler Jack , Dethier Evan , Perrotti John , Renshaw Carl 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Warming temperatures have been invoked as a potential mechanism for widespread erosion in Arctic regions where significant portions of watersheds are underlain by permanently frozen, carbon-rich soils. Yet, recent studies have delivered conflicting results regarding how erosion along Arctic rivers has and will respond to rising temperatures. Using novel methods that produced 92,009 observations, we show that erosion rates along rivers across the Canadian Arctic are positively correlated to temperature and uncorrelated with vegetative cover over the satellite record (1985-present). Our results indicate warming will lead to increased erosion in the Arctic and that vegetation will not mediate temperature’s erosive effect, leading to the potential mobilization of gigatons of previously immobile carbon.
A bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, PTX-COVID19-M1.2, elicited broad immune responses and protected animals from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants infection
Authors: liu jun , Wang Li , Kurtesi Alexandra , Budylowski Patrick , Potts Kyle , Menon Haritha , Tan Yilin , Samaan Philip , Liu Xinan , Wang Yisen , Hu Queenie , Samson Reuben , Qi Freda , Evseev Danyel , John Cini , Ellestad Kristofor , Fan Yue , Budiman Frans , Tohan Ellaine , Yang Jennifer , Marcusson Eric , Gingras Anne-Claude , Mahoney Douglas , Ostrowski Mario , Orozco Natalia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants poses a serious threat thwarting the effectiveness of currently approved COVID-19 vaccines, demanding a vaccine that can provide broad protection against these subvariants. Although bivalent vaccines containing Omicron subvariant spikes have been shown to elicit high neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and afford protection against homologous or antigenically close Omicron subvariants, the breadth and degree of the protection provided by the bivalent vaccines against antigenically distant Omicron subvariants is unclear. Here, we report the immunogenicity and efficacy of a bivalent mRNA vaccine, PTX-COVID19-M1.2 (M1.2), which encodes native spike proteins from Wuhan-Hu-1 (D614G) and Omicron BA.2.12.1, in mouse and hamster models. Both primary series and booster vaccination using M1.2 elicited potent and broad nAbs against Wuhan-Hu-1 (D614G) and Omicron subvariants, including BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/BA.5. Strong spike-specific T cell responses against Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron subvariants were also induced. In contrast, monovalent BA.2.12.1 spike-based mRNA vaccine elicited potent but narrower immune responses. Vaccination with M1.2 protected animals from Wuhan-Hu-1 and BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, and XBB.1.5 challenges. Interestingly, protection against XBB.1.5 lung infection did not correlate with nAb levels. These results indicate that M1.2 can generate a broadly protective immune response against multiple Omicron subvariants, including antigenically distant subvariants, and spike-specific T cells probably contribute to the breadth of the protection. Our findings have potential implications for designing COVID-19 booster vaccination strategies.
Modeling and self-supporting printing simulation of fuse filament fabrication
Authors: Ao Xiaohui , Lin Shengxiang , Liu Jianhua , Xia Huanxiong , Meng Junfeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study presented a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics-based model for fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensional (3D) printing multiphase and multiphysics coupling. A model based on the framework of computational fluid dynamics was built, utilizing the front-tracking method for high precision of multiphase material interfaces, a fully resolved simulation at the mesoscale explores the underlying physical mechanism of the self-supported horizontal printing. The study investigated the influence of printing temperature and velocity on the FFF process, exhibiting a certain self-supporting forming ability over a specific range. The results indicated that during the printing of large-span horizontal extension structures, the bridge deck material transitions from initial straight extension to sagging deformation, ultimately adopting a curved shape. The straight extension distance is inversely proportional to the depth of the sagging deformation. Additionally, the study revealed that printing temperature primarily affected the curing time of the molten material, while printing velocity fundamentally affected the relaxation time of both thermal and dynamic characteristics of the material.
Metastable water at several compression rates and its freezing
kinetics into ice VII
Authors: Pépin Charles , André Ramesh , Occelli Florent , Dembele Florian , Mozzanica Aldo , Hinger Viktoria , Levantino Matteo , Loubeyre Paul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Water can be dynamically over-compressed well into the stability field of ice VII. Whether water then transforms into ice VII, vitreous ice or a metastable novel crystalline phase remained
uncertain. We report here the freezing of over-compressed water to ice VII by time-resolved X-ray diffraction. Quasi-isothermal dynamic compression paths are achieved using a dynamic-piezo-
Diamond-Anvil-Cell, with programmable pressure rise time from 0.1 to 100 ms. By combining the present data set with those obtained on various ns-dynamical platforms, a complete evolution
of the solidification pressure of metastable water versus the compression rate is rationalized within the classical nucleation theory framework. Also, when crystallization into ice VII occurs in between 1.56 GPa and 2.0 GPa, that is in the stability field of ice VI, a structural evolution over few ms is then observed into a mixture of ice VI and ice VII that seems to resolve apparent contradictions between previous results.
Assessment of yield stability in barley using univariate and multivariate statistical models
Authors: Elakhdar Ammar , El-Naggar Ahmed A. , El-Wakeell Sally , Ahmed Anas H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Investigating genetic variability using the phenotypic performance of genotypes is fundamental in a breeding program. Therefore, an assessment of yield performance and yield stability is necessary for yield trials performed in different environments to identify high-yield potential and stable cultivars. In this study, we used 17 univariate and 15 multivariate stability models to investigate the effects of genotype (G), environment (E), and G × E interaction (GEI) on the yield performance of 32 barley genotypes evaluated in 10 environments (locations and years). The main effects were significant (P < 0.01) and accounted for 86.6%, 2.22%, and 11.73% of genotypes, environments, and GEIs of the total variation, respectively. GGE biplot ‘which-won-where’ polygon, divided the environments into five groups, and the genotypes into six groups, among eight genotypes with mean grain yield (GY) superior to the overall mean (4.43 tons ha− 1). The Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that GY (tons ha− 1) was significantly and positively correlated (P < 0.01) with Tai’s stability statistics (bi and αi), Perkins and Jinks’s stability parameters (Bi), and Roemer’s environmental variance (Sxi2) as univariate stability measures. Furthermore, GY had a positive correlation with Ketata’s plotting mean rank (δ gy), Thennarasu’s nonparametric measures (NPI (3) and NPI (4)), Nassar and Huhn’s nonparametric measures (SI 6 and SI 3), Fox’s TOP-rank stability (TOP), and the yield stability index (YSI) as multivariate measures of stability. The univariate and multivariate stability models showed that genotypes G32, G1, and G27 were the most stable genotypes with minimal yield variation across environments. Furthermore, G13, followed by G14, G15, and G23 were the most stable genotypes based on multivariate measures only. Accordingly, it might be safe to utilize the stability parameters of different groups with respect to static and dynamic concepts of stability to avoid the possibility of estimating the same concept of stability. Therefore, for the evaluation of genotype stability, a combination of univariate and multivariate stability models is recommended for the selection of “ideal genotypes” for high-yield potential and stable cultivars.
Artificial intelligence identifies spatial fingerprints of kidney-resident macrophages and brain microglia
Authors: Kurts Christian , Yin Junping , Klaus Daniela , Eichler Melanie , Lukacs-Kornek Veronika , Ludwig-Portugall Isis , Li Jian , Mei Qi , Paust Hans-Joachim , Song Ning , Zhao Yu , Krebs Christian , Panzer Ulf , Hua Yijun , Qin Jie , Cheng Weiting , Weisheit Christina , von Vietinghoff Sibylle , Klughammer Johanna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The isolation of immune cells from tissues for single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) loses spatial information. Here we employed machine learning methods to identify transcriptomic fingerprints containing such information. We used murine kidney and brain as organs with macroscopically distinguishable regions and generated separate scRNA-seq datasets of immune cells from distinct areas. Several machine learning algorithms were utilized to identify highly variable genes harboring spatial information. Multilayer perceptron (MLP) performed best at predicting the position of kidney-resident macrophages with an accuracy of >75%. No algorithm allowed predicting the position of motile immune cells like monocyte-derived macrophages or lymphocytes. Also kidney dendritic cell positions were not predictable, presumably because these were found to mostly belong to a recently described subset with monocyte lineage (DC3). The macrophage spatial fingerprints were enriched in pathways involved in microenvironmental responses and cellular adaptation, and they showed a gender bias. In an experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis, macrophage positioning was predicted with an accuracy of 69-71%. Also in a human dataset, our algorithm operated with comparable efficiency. Applying our strategy to brain datasets predicted microglia positions with 74% accuracy. Our approach to predict the location of tissue-resident macrophages may be applicable to organs other than kidney and brain.
Feasibility, satisfaction and effectiveness of a smartphone application-based voice and speech training program for Parkinson’s disease.
Authors: Kim Han-Joon , Lee Sol-Hee , Kim Jiae 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

As Parkinson’s disease (PD) progresses, individuals often experience voice and speech difficulties. However, physical limitations can make in-person speech therapy challenging.
These accessibility issues can be addressed by an mHealth application. We developed an Android-based speech therapy application and verified its feasibility, satisfaction, and effectiveness. Thirty PD patients with mean age of 68.04 ± 7.81 years who reported voice and speech problems and had no difficulty using a mobile phone were recruited. Two patients withdrew, 25 completed the use of the app and three discontinued midway. Among 25 patients, twenty showed an adherence rate of over 90% and four showed 70-90%. After using the app, 75% reported satisfaction and 58% noted an improvement in their voice. Significant improvements were observed in all acoustic measures and auditory-perceptual assessments after app use.
This indicates that the mobile health application we developed is not only suitable for older people with PD but also highly satisfactory.
Sub-Nanometer Line Edge Roughness in Helium-ion Lithography
Authors: Cheng Xing , Zhuang Xin , Deng Yunsheng , Zhang Yue , Wang Kaimin , Chen Yulong , Gao Shiyang , Xu Jingfu , WANG Liqiu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In semiconductor manufacturing, precise control of line edge roughness (LER) below 0.5 nm is essential, yet challenged by extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography limitations. Accurately characterizing EUV resist is pivotal for reaching the upper limits of manufacturing precision. However, a strategy for achieving sub-nanometer accuracy in characterizing EUV resist remains elusive, impeding the iterative development of EUV resist. This study introduces a strategy for extracting the line edge of patterned EUV resist with near-atomic resolution. By using a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to characterize patterned resist on a suspended thin film, we significantly reduce charge accumulation during the characterization process. This technique allows for the extraction of resist line edges with markedly reduced background noise and enhances the traceability of the exposure process. Utilizing this characterization method, we identified a process window for fabricating nanostructures with sub-nanometer roughness and achieved the smoothest nanostructure with an LER value of 0.2 nm.
The Effects of Disturbance on Woody Species Composition, Structure and Regeneration Status in the Ura Natural Forest, Guangua district, Awi Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Anteneh Achamyeleh , Fikir Dagim , Assefa Dessie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Ethiopia Province has diverse forest resources. However, it has decreased over time, leaving the country’s forest with only remnant patches. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the species composition, structure and regeneration status of woody plant species along disturbance gradients. To collect the data, the forests were first stratified into low disturbed (LD), moderately disturbed (MD) and heavily disturbed (HD) groups based on information from reconnaissance site visits and consultations with key informants. The three transect lines were laid systematically 200 m apart, and rectangular plots 10 m*20 m (200 m2) in length were laid at 50 m intervals along each transect, for a total of 27 plots. The DBH and height of all woody individuals with ≥ 5 cm and ≥ 2 m were measured. Seedling and sapling data were recorded in four subplots of 2 m*5 m (10 m2) in the opposite corner of the main plot. Woody species density, richness, evenness, diversity, frequency and IVI were determined for each disturbance class, and one-way ANOVA and mean comparison tests were used to examine significant differences among disturbance classes. A total of 37 woody species and 27 families were recorded. Based on structural analysis, only Croton macrostachyus exhibited an inverted J shape. It is concluded that woody species composition was affected by human disturbance. Therefore, a concentrated form of forest conservation should be established to protect against excessive human disturbance.