bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HHLA2 deficiency inhibits pancreatic cancer progression and THP-1 macrophage M2 polarization via EGFR/MAPK/ERK and mTOR/AKT pathway
Authors: Zhou Siqi , Wang Zhangding , Zhao Dian , Fu Yao , Zhang Shu , Wang Zhiping , Zou Xiaoping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Human endogenous retrovirus subfamily H long terminal repeat associating protein 2, (HHLA2), a member of B7 family, exhibits heightened expression in various malignant tumors. However, the exact functions of HHLA2 in pancreatic cancer (PC) remain incompletely elucidated.

Methods
We initially conducted an analysis of the B7 family members’ expression pattern in pancreatic tumor samples and adjacent normal tissues using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and western blot methods were used to assess HHLA2 expression levels in PC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, after silencing HHLA2 in PC cell lines, cell migration and proliferation of PC cells were detected by wound healing and CCK-8 assays, and cell invasion of PC cells was detected by transwell assays. We also investigated the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and levels of EGFR, MEK, ERK1/2, mTOR and AKT via western blot analysis. Finally, the correlation between HHLA2 expression and immune infiltration was further explored.

Results
Silencing of HHLA2 resulted in the inhibition of PC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, potentially through the suppression of the EGFR/MAPK/ERK and mTOR/AKT signaling pathway. Additionally, silencing HHLA2 led to the inhibition of M2-type polarization of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs).

Conclusion
The knockdown of HHLA2 was observed to inhibit the migration and invasion of PC cells through the regulation of the EMT process and EGFR/MAPK/ERK and mTOR/AKT pathway. Furthermore, silencing HHLA2 was found to modulate M2 polarization of TAMs. These finding suggest that HHLA2 could be a promising therapeutic target for Pancreatic cancer.
Chemokine receptor 7 contributes to T- and B-cell filtering in ageing bladder, cystitis and bladder cancer
Authors: Zhao Jiang , Luo Xing , Yang Chengfei , Yang Xiao , Deng Min , Sun Bishao , Zhu Jingzhen , Dong Zongming , Wang Yangcai , Li Jia , Yang Xingliang , Li Benyi , Wang Xiangwei , Zheng Ji 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Research has suggested significant correlations among ageing, immune microenvironment, inflammation and tumours. However, the relationships among ageing, immune microenvironment, cystitis and bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) in the bladder have rarely been reported.

Methods
Bladder single-cell and transcriptomic data from young and old mice were used for immune landscape analysis. Transcriptome, single-cell and The Cancer Genome Atlas Program datasets of BLCA and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) were used to analyse immune cell infiltration and molecular expression. Bladder tissues from mice, IC/BPS and BLCA were collected to validate the results.

Results
Eight types of immune cells (macrophages, B-cells, dendritic cells, T-cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, γδ T-cells and ILC2) were identified in the bladder of mice. Aged mice bladder tissues had a significantly higher number of T-cells, γδ T-cells, ILC2 and B-cells than those in the young group (P < 0.05). Three types of T-cells (NK T-cells, γδ T-cells and naïve T-cells) and three types of B-cells (follicular B-cells, plasma and memory B-cells) were identified in aged mice bladder. Chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) is highly expressed in aged bladder, IC/BPS and BLCA (P < 0.05). CCR7 is likely to be involved in T- and B-cell infiltration in aged bladder, IC/BPS and BLCA. Interestingly, the high CCR7 expression on BLCA cell membranes was a prognostic protective factor.

Conclusions
In this study, we characterised the expression profiles of immune cells in bladder tissues of aged and young mice and demonstrated that CCR7-mediated T- and B-cell filtration contributes to the development of bladder ageing, IC/BPS and BLCA.
Spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage after pulmonary endarterectomy surgery
Authors: Divya Aabha , Chia Alicia , Jenkins David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma (SRH) is a rare complication of anticoagulation therapy. Presentation may vary from limb paresis to hypovolemic shock due to blood loss. The optimal treatment is controversial. It can be managed conservatively or surgically. We report a case of a 73-year-old man presenting with progressively worsening abdominal pain and severe pain radiating to his left lower limb twenty-five days after his pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) surgery. He was on anticoagulation per our institutional protocol for PEA patients. Investigations revealed a large, spontaneously occurring iliopsoas hematoma. Our patient was treated conservatively, and the SRH stabilised.
Development and validation of the tic score for early detection of traumatic coagulopathy upon hospital admission: a cohort study
Authors: Brac Louis , Levrat Albrice , Vacheron Charles-Hervé , Bouzat Pierre , Delory Tristan , David Jean-Stéphane 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Critically injured patients need rapid and appropriate hemostatic treatment, which requires prompt identification of trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) upon hospital admission. We developed and validated the performance of a clinical score based on prehospital resuscitation parameters and vital signs at hospital admission for early diagnosis of TIC.

Methods
The score was derived from a level-1 trauma center registry (training set). It was then validated on data from two other level-1 trauma centers: first on a trauma registry (retrospective validation set), and then on a prospective cohort (prospective validation set). TIC was defined as a PTratio > 1.2 at hospital admission. Prehospital (vital signs and resuscitation care) and admission data (vital signs and laboratory parameters) were collected. We considered parameters independently associated with TIC in the score (binomial logistic regression). We estimated the score’s performance for the prediction of TIC.

Results
A total of 3489 patients were included, and among these a TIC was observed in 22% (95% CI 21–24%) of cases. Five criteria were identified and included in the TIC Score: Glasgow coma scale < 9, Shock Index > 0.9, hemoglobin < 11 g.dL−1, prehospital fluid volume > 1000 ml, and prehospital use of norepinephrine (yes/no). The score, ranging from 0 and 9 points, had good performance for the identification of TIC (AUC: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.81–0.84) without differences between the three sets used. A score value < 2 had a negative predictive value of 93% and was selected to rule-out TIC. Conversely, a score value ≥ 6 had a positive predictive value of 92% and was selected to indicate TIC.

Conclusion
The TIC Score is quick and easy to calculate and can accurately identify patients with TIC upon hospital admission.
The impact of incident stroke on cognitive trajectories in later life
Authors: Vishwanath Swarna , Hopper Ingrid , Cloud Geoffrey C. , Chong Trevor T-J , Shah Raj C. , Donnan Geoffrey A. , Williamson Jeff D. , Eaton Charles B. , Wolfe Rory , Reid Christopher M. , Tonkin Andrew M. , Orchard Suzanne G. , Fitzgerald Sharyn , Murray Anne M. , Woods Robyn L. , Nelson Mark R. , Sood Ajay , Steves Claire J. , Ryan Joanne 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Cognitive impairment is common after stroke, and a large proportion of stroke patients will develop dementia. However, there have been few large prospective studies which have assessed cognition both prior to and after stroke. This study aims to determine the extent to which incident stroke impacts different domains of cognitive function in a longitudinal cohort of older community-dwelling individuals.

Methods
19,114 older individuals without cardiovascular disease or major cognitive impairment were recruited and followed over a maximum 11 years. Stroke included ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke and was adjudicated by experts. Cognitive function was assessed regularly using Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS), Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). Linear mixed models were used to investigate the change in cognition at the time of stroke and decline in cognitive trajectories following incident stroke.

Results
During a median follow-up period of 8.4 [IQR: 7.2, 9.6] years, 815 (4.3%) participants experienced a stroke. Over this time, there was a general decline observed in 3MS, HVLT-R delayed recall, and SDMT scores across participants. However, for individuals who experienced a stroke, there was a significantly greater decline across all cognitive domains immediately after the event immediately after the event (3MS: -1.03 [95%CI: -1.45, -0.60]; HVLT-R: -0.47 [-0.70, -0.24]; SDMT: -2.82 [-3.57, -2.08]; COWAT: -0.67 [-1.04, -0.29]) and a steeper long-term decline for three of these domains (3MS -0.62 [-0.88, -0.35]; COWAT: -0.30 [-0.46, -0.14]); HVLT-R: -0.12 [95%CI, -0.70, -0.24]). However individuals with stroke experienced no longer-term decline in SDMT compared to the rest of the participants.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the need for comprehensive neuropsychology assessments for ongoing monitoring of cognition following incident stroke; and potential early intervention.
Health and wellbeing status of the long-lived individuals of the Spanish LONGECYL cross-sectional study
Authors: Vega-Alonso Tomás , Lozano-Alonso José , Estévez-Iglesias Lorena , Ordax-Díez Ana , Arrieta-Antón Enrique , Díaz-Rodríguez Ángel , Yañez-Ortega José-Luis , Santos-Lozano Alejandro , Nuñez-Torres Rocío , Perez-Caro María , Pita Gillermo , Pinto-Labajo Rosa , Alonso Ramos María-Jesús , Álamo-Sanz Rufino , García-Montero Andrés-C , Gonzalez-Neira Anna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The increase in life expectancy and long-lived individuals is a challenge for public health and provides an opportunity to understand the determinants of longevity. However, few studies have addressed the factors associated with the health status and quality of life in a long-lived individual population. We described the perceived health, clinical status, quality of life, and dependency for activities of daily living in a representative population in Castile and Leon, Spain.

Methods
A sample of 759 long-lived individuals aged 95 years and older was studied by the Health Sentinel Network of Castile and Leon (Spain) through a health examination and a structured questionnaire covering quality of life (EQ-5D-3), lifestyle habits, diet, working life and family health. A blood sample was taken for the study of biological and genetic markers. Chi Square and logistic regression OR with 95% confidence intervals were used to analyze the determinants of the long-lived individuals’ health status. The significant level for the bivariate analysis was established at 0.05.

Results
Perceived health was good, very good or excellent in 64.2%, while only 46.0% had a quality-of-life index above 0.5 (ranging from 0 to 1) and 44.1% maintained acceptable independence for activities of daily living. Quality-of-life index was higher in the oldest, (OR 7.98 [2,32-27.41]) above 100 years compared to those under 98, and men had better values for independence than women (OR 2.43 [1.40–4.29]). Cardiovascular diseases were the most prevalent (85.5%), but neurological and mental diseases and vision problems had the highest impact on quality of life and independence.

Conclusion
The long-lived individuals of Castile and Leon have a relatively well-preserved health status, although the perception of health is higher than that describing their quality of life and dependence. The quality of life was higher in the oldest age group and showed differences according to sex, with a better quality of life in men. Public health policies and programs should take in account the differences by sex and age as well as the prevention and control of the main conditions related with poor quality of life or dependence. Future research must include the interaction among genetic, socioeconomic, environmental, and other clinical factors in the quality of life and disability of long-lived individuals.
25 years recording of the long-base fluid tiltmeter installed at 2.850 m a.s.l. observatory of Pizzi Deneri on Etna volcano
Authors: Bonaccorso Alessandro , Falzone Giuseppe , Ferro Angelo , Gambino Salvatore , Laudani Giuseppe , Privitera Laura 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEtna is a highly active volcano with frequent eruptions and is closely observed with different monitoring techniques. One of the monitoring methods is a network of short-base tiltmeters that provides continuous control of ground deformation. Since 1996, this network has been integrated with a long-base fluid tiltmeter installed in two 80 m long connected tunnels at the high-altitude (2850 m a.s.l.) volcanological observatory of Pizzi Deneri (PDN) located on the volcano’s summit. The instrumentation was devised with an innovative configuration composed of mercury, free to move along the entire length of the tiltmeter in response to the ground tilt, and laser sensors to measure the changes in the mercury levels. In this study, for the first time, we present the entire 25-year series of data recorded by this instrumentation. During this long interval, the Etna volcano was characterized by numerous major eruptions due to dyke intrusions. The tilt variations recorded in the short-term during the rapid intrusive phases are presented and discussed. These signals contributed both to the modeling of eruptive processes, and in particular in the case of the 2002–2003 eruption, to the real-time understanding of the ongoing eruptive phenomenon, supporting the correct hazard assessment. In the medium-long term (years to decades), we show and discuss that the PDN signal is mainly related to the marked sliding of the entire eastern sector of the volcano.
Graphical Abstract
Seeing the truck, but missing the cyclist: effects of blur on duration thresholds for road hazard detection
Authors: Guidi Silvia , Kosovicheva Anna , Wolfe Benjamin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDrivers must respond promptly to a wide range of possible road hazards, from trucks veering into their lane to pedestrians stepping onto the road. While drivers’ vision is tested at the point of licensure, visual function can degrade, and drivers may not notice how these changes impact their ability to notice and respond to events in the world in a timely fashion. To safely examine the potential consequences of visual degradation on hazard detection, we performed two experiments examining the impact of simulated optical blur on participants’ viewing duration thresholds in a hazard detection task, as a proxy for eyes-on-road duration behind the wheel. Examining this question with older and younger participants, across two experiments, we found an overall increase in viewing duration thresholds under blurred conditions, such that younger and older adults were similarly impacted by blur. Critically, in both groups, we found that the increment in thresholds produced by blur was larger for non-vehicular road hazards (pedestrians, cyclists and animals) compared to vehicular road hazards (cars, trucks and buses). This work suggests that blur poses a particular problem for drivers detecting non-vehicular road users, a population considerably more vulnerable in a collision than vehicular road users. These results also highlight the importance of taking into account the type of hazard when considering the impacts of blur on road hazard detection.
Surgical management of caesarean scar disorder using different techniques: a scoping review and case series
Authors: Harjee Rahana , Devji Jalila , Barrett-Chan Ella Katelyn , Khinda Jas , Bedaiwy Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Caesarean scar disorders (CSDi) are an increasingly recognized consequence of caesarean sections, which can present with secondary infertility. Currently, there is limited data on the management of CSDi, and the subsequent fertility and pregnancy outcomes. Our aim was to examine different treatment methods and outcomes in a cohort of women with secondary infertility.

Study design
This study involved a retrospective case series for patients (n = 26) diagnosed with and treated for a CSDi between 2008 and 2019 at a tertiary care centre in British Columbia, Canada, by one of three gynecologists with expertise in CSDi repair. Surgical repair was performed via laparoscopy for residual myometrial thickness (RMT) < 3.0 mm, and via hysteroscopy otherwise. Postoperative pregnancy rates and reproductive outcomes are reported. This study also included a search of the literature to gain an overview of the indications, outcomes, advantages, disadvantages, and risks associated with four surgical approaches (hysteroscopic, laparoscopic, vaginal, abdominal) used in the management of CSDi. A Medline and manual searches of referenced articles were conducted for this purpose.

Results
Twenty-six patients with CSDi were diagnosed with secondary infertility (mean age = 36.4 years) during the study period. Twenty of these patients underwent surgical management, with 12 receiving hysteroscopic resection or ablation, and 8 receiving laparoscopic repair. Six patients had no treatment or are still awaiting management at this time. Postoperatively, 11/20 patients (55%) were able to successfully conceive at least once. 8/11 patients were from the hysteroscopy group (66% pregnancy rate) and 10/11 pregnancies resulted in live births at term. In the laparoscopy group, there were 3 pregnancies (37.5% pregnancy rate), including 2 term live births, and 1 preterm live birth at 26 weeks. With respect to our review of the literature, a total of 49 articles were included in our final review of surgical techniques used in the management of CSDi.

Conclusions
This study suggests that surgical repair can improve pregnancy rates in patients with secondary infertility in the context of a confirmed CSDi.
Breaking barriers: supporting hematopoietic stem cell transplant program through collaborative radiation therapy service from a physically distant center
Authors: Pandit Subhas , Sapkota Simit , Adhikari Abish , Karki Prakriti , Shrestha Roshani , Jha Deepak Suman , Prajapati Rajan , Nyaichyai Kanchan Sarga , Poudyal Bishesh Sharma , Poudel Bishal , Jha Anjani Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Total body irradiation (TBI) for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) has certain distinct advantages, such as uniform dose distribution and lack of drug resistance, but it is not widely available in resource-constrained settings. To overcome the limitations of in-house radiotherapy services in hematology centers, we evaluated the feasibility of conducting HSCT programs in coordination with two physically distant centers using a reduced-intensity TBI protocol.

Methods
Thirty-two patients with a median age of 20.5 years were included in the study. Fifteen patients were diagnosed with aplastic anemia, 10 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 3 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and 4 patients with other hematological conditions. Conditioning regimens used were fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide in 29 cases, fludarabine-cytarabine ATG in 2 cases, and busulfan plus fludarabine in 1 case. The TBI dose was 3 Gy in 28 cases and 2 Gy in 4 cases. Patients were followed monthly after TBI, and the major toxicities were recorded.

Results
The median follow-up was 22 months. The most common acute complication was acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which occurred in 15.6% of patients. The major late complications were chronic GVHD (9.3%), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (34.3%), and CMV-induced secondary graft failure (6.2%). Seventy-five percent of patients were alive, 21.9% were dead, and 1 patient was lost to follow-up.

Conclusions
HSCT based on TBI is feasible even if the center lacks a radiotherapy facility by coordinating with a remote radiotherapy facility. without compromising the patient's outcome.
A formative mixed methods evaluation of a new Ross program: why context matters
Authors: Bilodeau Kyle S. , Yang Frank F. , Shang Michael , Mossman Audrey , Mauchley David C. , DeRoo Scott , Burke Christopher R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The Ross procedure is a technically complex operation to address the pathology of the aortic valve. Prior attempts at widespread implementation have been plagued with variations in effectiveness. We report our initial programmatic outcomes using dissemination and implementation (D&I) science frameworks, with an aim to define both programmatic efficacy and effectiveness. The study design was a single center, explanatory sequential mixed methods evaluation of a Ross surgery program from June 2020 to April 2023. Quantitative measures for baseline patient characteristics and postoperative outcomes were summarized. Qualitative measures were obtained using semi-structured interviews and characterized using implementation science frameworks.

Results
A total of 71 patients underwent the Ross procedure at a single academic center. Mean age was 40 years (± 13). There were no perioperative deaths or valve-related reinterventions (0%). During the follow-up period, 2 (2.8%) patients required re-operation and 2 (2.8%) required balloon dilation of the pulmonary homograft. Qualitative measures noted communication and prospective self-audit facilitated measures of effectiveness, as dichotomy within expected vs. observed outcomes led to program modifications. Collaboration across hospital systems promoted adoption and implementation, which led to the incorporation of the Ross procedure into accepted organizational practice.

Conclusions
In this formative evaluation, limited-efficacy outcomes demonstrated similar programmatic success to data from other established centers. With the prerequisite center volume and case selection, the Ross procedure is a safe and efficacious treatment for aortic valvular disease. Implementation science can be used both in real-time and retrospectively to guide organizational efforts to improve outcomes and to improve the translation of results across centers.
Numerical analysis of a protective coating for mining industry feed chute
Authors: Kalala Michael , Kisula Patrick , Muheme Innocent , Tartibu Lagouge 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe selection of materials for the protective coating of a crusher’s feed chute significantly influences the mean time between failures (MTBF) and operational costs associated with the mass production of sulfuric acid at MMG/Kinsevere. Neglecting the condition of the protective coating can pose a serious challenge to production efficiency and result in increased downtime. This study focuses on enhancing industrial productivity in Sulfuric Acid production with minimal maintenance. The investigation explores the quality and type of materials used for the protective coating of the feed chute in the mining industry, particularly at MMG/Kinsevere, utilizing Ansys Fluent and SOLIDWORKS Software for analysis. The paper proposes a Ceramic protective liner for the crusher feed chute due to its superior resistance to erosion compared to other liners. Different feed chute models, constructed with materials like halogenated butyl rubber, 316 stainless steel, and ceramic, underwent analysis. The evaluation of the potential impact on the mean time between failures (MTBF) for different materials used in a protective coating, considering the rate of erosion through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with ANSYS FLUENT software, is a central aspect of this study. The detailed modeling and simulation reveal that the ceramic material exhibits the most favorable protective coating characteristics, with an erosion rate density of 06.636753 kg/m2s, outperforming halogenated butyl rubber (3.326576 kg/m2s) and 316 stainless steel (2.186633 kg/m2s). The simulation yielded results corresponding to flow rates of 284.19 kg/s for the solid phase and 123.14 kg/s for the liquid phase.