bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate treatment of solids with the HSE screened hybrid
Authors: Henderson Thomas M. , Paier Joachim , Scuseria Gustavo E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) is the most widely used technique in the realm of first‐principles electronic structure methods. Principally, this is because DFT in the Kohn–Sham (KS) formalism offers the appealing combination of relatively high accuracy and relatively low computational cost. Despite their great successes, traditional semilocal functionals fail to describe some important problems in solid state physics and materials science, the most conspicuous example being the notorious band gap problem. More sophisticated functionals providing greater accuracy without sacrificing computational efficiency are therefore needed. The Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE) screened hybrid density functional [J. Heyd, G. E. Scuseria, and M. Ernzerhof, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 8207 (2003); J. Heyd and G. E. Scuseria, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 1187 (2004)] successfully addresses some of the chief problems which plague semilocal functionals by including only the important parts of exact nonlocal Hartree–Fock‐type exchange. This work discusses some of the concepts underlying HSE and provides illustrative examples highlighting the successes of HSE in numerous solid state applications.
Reference conditions for fish microhabitat use in foothill streams: A case study on undisrupted carpathian streams
Authors: Pekárik Ladislav , Koščo Ján , Švátora Miroslav 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTFoothill rivers characterized by a relatively high slope are frequently used for hydropower purposes or are highly regulated. These river sections are inhabited by many rheophilic species that are endangered by habitat degradation. Restoration/rehabilitation projects and fishway constructions could increase species favourable status, but relevant ecological requirements for several fish species are missing. We present a first insight into a complex microhabitat use of all species (excluding rare species) occurring within the model foothill stream and provide a comprehensive view on the most important microhabitat variables that influence the distribution of fish species within the model area. For two species, Balkan spined loach (Sabanejewia balcanica) and Carpathian barbel (Barbus carpathicus), we present the first description of such microhabitat use. The model we present (canonical correspondence analysis) significantly explains 64.5% (p < 0.01) of the variability, where water depth more than 40 cm, refuge stones and microhabitats in the bank area are the most influential microhabitat variables. Moreover, three species groups are apparent from the graphical expression of our proposed model, where species from the upper sites form the first group, young‐of‐the‐year, Balkan spined loach and common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) form the second group and abundant species inhabiting foothill river sections form the third group. In general, we assume that the preferences of a species for a given microhabitat are not only a function of, e.g. environmental variables or species length frequencies, but also strongly depend on the co‐occurring species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Situational interest of high school students who visit an aquarium
Authors: Bonderup Dohn Niels 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate how situational interest of high school students was triggered during a field trip to an aquarium. Although the role of museums in stimulating interest among students has been acknowledged for some time, empirical evidence about how the specific variable of a museum setting might trigger situational interest is almost nonexistent. The present study was conducted as a case study to provide an inductive, explorative investigation of how situational interest emerged during the field trip. A situative approach to the study of interest was applied in the form of a combined analytical tool that captures both social and psychological aspects. Qualitative methods were used to generate data: observation, video recording, and interviews. The findings showed that the aquarium visit triggered a lot of situational interest among the students and led to positive emotions toward the topic. Five situational variables were found to trigger the students' interest: social involvement, hands‐on, surprise, novelty, and knowledge acquisition. The situational variables are largely under the control of the teacher and/or museum staff and should be considered when planning museum visits. This study suggests that teachers can find ways to foster students' involvement in specific content areas and increase levels of academic motivation regardless of prior interest. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95:337–357, 2011
Taking a closer look at science teaching orientations
Authors: Friedrichsen Patrica , Driel Jan H. Van , Abell Sandra K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this position paper, we examine the science teaching orientation component of the S. Magnusson, J. Krajcik, and H. Borko (1999) pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) model for science teaching. We trace the origin of the construct in the literature, identifying multiple definitions that have lead to ambiguity. After examining published studies using the PCK model, we identified the following methodological issues: (a) using orientations in different or unclear ways, (b) unclear or absent relationship between orientations and the other model components, (c) simply assigning teachers to one of nine categories of orientations, and (d) ignoring the overarching orientation component. To bring clarity to the literature, we propose defining science teaching orientations as a set of beliefs with the following dimensions: goals and purposes of science teaching, views of science, and beliefs about science teaching and learning. Consequently, there is a need for new instruments to elicit these dimensions. We conclude by making recommendations to address the four issues identified in the literature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95:358–376, 2011
HYSA: HYbrid steganographic approach using multiple steganography methods
Authors: Sajedi Hedieh , Jamzad Mansour 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of image steganography is to hide data in an image with visual and statistical invisibility. There have been a number of steganography techniques proposed over the past few years. In sequence, the development of these methods has led to an increased interest in steganalysis techniques. Most of the steganalysis methods attempt to estimate cover image statistics. One way to provide a secure steganography method is to disturb the estimation of steganalyzers. The main concern of this paper is to resist against steganalysis methods and utilize a mechanism to securely embed more secret data into an image. We present HYbrid steganographic approach (HYSA), which embeds secret data with randomized embedding algorithms in randomized regions of the cover image. HYSA embeds secret data in only some regions of the image not all over the image. In addition, HYSA can employ more than one steganography method for embedding secret data in the image. Random selection of embedding regions and steganography methods leaves a combination of several types of distortion on the image, which are difficult to be recognized by the steganalysis methods. Experimental results by applying some well‐known and efficient steganalysis methods illustrate that the proposed steganographic approach is more undetectable than some popular steganography methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust TDT‐type association test under informative parental missingness
Authors: Chen J. H. , Cheng K. F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMany family‐based association tests rely on the random transmission of alleles from parents to offspring. Among them, the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) may be considered to be the most popular statistical test. The TDT statistic and its variations were proposed to evaluate nonrandom transmission of alleles from parents to the diseased children. However, in family studies, parental genotypes may be missing due to parental death, loss, divorce, or other reasons. Under some missingness conditions, nonrandom transmission of alleles may still occur even when the gene and disease are not associated. As a consequence, the usual TDT‐type tests would produce excessive false positive conclusions in association studies. In this paper, we propose a novel TDT‐type association test which is not only simple in computation but also robust to the joint effect of population stratification and informative parental missingness. Our test is model‐free and allows for different mechanisms of parental missingness across subpopulations. We use a simulation study to compare the performance of the new test with TDT and point out the advantage of the new method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why PMO? Towards Functionality and Utility of Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas
Authors: Wang Wendong , Lofgreen Jennifer E. , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCreative synthetic chemistry has endowed the class of periodic mesoporous organosilica materials, dubbed PMO, with a variety of new and exciting compositions, properties, and functions since its inception a decade ago. Using a handful of recent trendsetting case histories, the multidisciplinary applications of PMO materials in chemistry and physics, materials science and engineering, biology, and medicine are demonstrated in a most powerful way. In doing so, this Review aims to inspire more collaborative and ambitious endeavors in the second decade of PMO research.
A General Synthesis of High‐Quality Inorganic Nanocrystals via a Two‐Phase Method
Authors: Zhao Nana , Nie Wei , Mao Jun , Yang Muquan , Wang Dapeng , Lin Yuhan , Fan Yandi , Zhao Ziliang , Wei Hua , Ji Xiangling 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA two‐phase method is exploited to prepare many kinds of nearly monodisperse, highly crystalline, size‐ and shape‐controlled, surface‐property‐tunable inorganic nanocrystals, such as metal, semiconducting, magnetic, dielectric, and rare earth nanocrystals. The reaction of the two‐phase system happens at the interface between the oil (nonpolar) and water (polar) phases and the interface is an exclusive site for both nucleation and growth. Interestingly, many solvent pairs with a clear interface can be applied to synthesize inorganic nanocrystals successfully. Generally, as‐prepared nanocrystals with organic ligands are soluble in nonpolar solvents. Furthermore, exchange of ligands can also be realized readily and the final nanocrystals can be soluble in polar solvents. This two‐phase method is a simple, reproducible, and general route and is becoming as powerful an approach as other solution‐based synthetic approaches to high‐quality inorganic nanocrystals.
From Hair to Cornea: Toward the Therapeutic Use of Hair Follicle-Derived Stem Cells in the Treatment of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency
Authors: Meyer-Blazejewska Ewa Anna , Call Mindy K. , Yamanaka Osamu , Liu Hongshan , Schlötzer-Schrehardt Ursula , Kruse Friedrich E. , Kao Winston W. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) leads to severe ocular surface abnormalities that can result in the loss of vision. The most successful therapy currently being used is transplantation of limbal epithelial cell sheets cultivated from a limbal biopsy obtained from the patient's healthy, contralateral eye or cadaveric tissue. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of murine vibrissae hair follicle bulge-derived stem cells (HFSCs) as an autologous stem cell (SC) source for ocular surface reconstruction in patients bilaterally affected by LSCD. This study is an expansion of our previously published work showing transdifferentiation of HFSCs into cells of a corneal epithelial phenotype in an in vitro system. In this study, we used a transgenic mouse model, K12rtTA/rtTA/tetO-cre/ROSAmTmG, which allows for HFSCs to change color, from red to green, once differentiation to corneal epithelial cells occurs and Krt12, the corneal epithelial-specific differentiation marker, is expressed. HFSCs were isolated from transgenic mice, amplified by clonal expansion on a 3T3 feeder layer, and transplanted on a fibrin carrier to the eye of LSCD wild-type mice (n = 31). The HFSC transplant was able to reconstruct the ocular surface in 80% of the transplanted animals; differentiating into cells with a corneal epithelial phenotype, expressing Krt12, and repopulating the corneal SC pool while suppressing vascularization and conjunctival ingrowth. These data highlight the therapeutic properties of using HFSC to treat LSCD in a mouse model while demonstrating a strong translational potential and points to the niche as a key factor for determining stem cell differentiation.
Curcuminoids rescue long‐term potentiation impaired by amyloid peptide in rat hippocampal slices
Authors: Ahmed Touqeer , Gilani Anwarul‐Hassan , Hosseinmardi Narges , Semnanian Saeed , Enam Syed Ather , Fathollahi Yaghoub 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCurcuminoids are vital constituent of turmeric, with therapeutic potential in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Electrically, stimulus train‐elicited plastic changes in hippocampal CA1 excitability were used as an experimental paradigm to study the effects of curcuminoid mixture and individual components on functional failure induced by Aβ peptide in vitro. Electrical stimulation was applied on Schaffer collaterals, and population spikes (PS) were recorded from stratum pyramidale. To induce long‐term potentiation (LTP) of PS, primed burst stimulation (PBs) was used. Aβ peptide inhibited PS LTP induction. Sinking PS LTP due to Aβ peptide was rescued when curcuminoid mixture was applied before PBs only at lower dose (0.1 μM) resulting in PS potentiation to 127.42% ± 1.83% at 5 min and 123.98% ± 1.06% at 60‐min post‐PBs. Similarly, when bisdemethoxycurcumin was applied, PS LTP was induced and lasted only at a single dose (0.1 μM). Demethoxycurcumin was effective at a middle dose (1 μM), so that the PS amplitude was changed to 140.15% ± 2.68% and 129.82% ± 0.44% at 5 and 60 min, respectively. PS LTP was effectively induced in the presence of curcumin at middle and high doses (1 and 30 μM) with resultant PS LTP to 155.68% ± 1.23% and 127.72% ± 1.23%, respectively, at 60‐min post‐PBs. These results showed that curcuminoids can restore susceptibility for plastic changes in CA1 excitability that is injured by exposure to Aβ peptide and rescue sinking PS LTP in Aβ‐peptide‐exposed hippocampal CA1 neurons. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Das Präventionsprogramm ,,Lenzgesund‘‘: Strukturbildung in einem benachteiligten Quartier in Hamburg
Authors: Süß Waldemar 
Published: October 2010

Einleitung
Das Gesundheitsamt Hamburg-Eimsbüttel hat in der Lenzsiedlung ein Präventionsprogramm („Lenzgesund – vernetzte frühe Hilfen ..... “) auf den Weg gebracht, das mit dem „Runden Tisch Lenzgesund” umgesetzt wurde und wird. Für diesen Prozess der Entwicklung und Umsetzung eines systematischen Konzeptes hat das Institut für Medizin-Soziologie die Begleitforschung übernommen. Das Projekt unterstützt mit unterschiedlichen Methoden die Umsetzung, insbesondere was die formative Evaluation und die Qualitätssicherung betrifft. Zur Anwendung kommen sekundärstatistische Analysen (GBE) und Primärerhebungen bei Einzelintervention aber auch bezogen auf die Gesamtprogrammebene.
Geological structure of the oil-and-gas plays and oil-and-gas potential of the southern Siberian Platform
Authors: Samsonov V.V. , Larichev A.I. , Chekanov V.I. , Solov’ev V.V. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The paper discusses modern views of the structure of the main producing plays in the southern Siberian Platform: Riphean, Vendian, and Lower Cambrian. The major zones of oil and gas accumulation have been distinguished. Forecast resources have undergone differentiated expert evaluation, and methods for their development have been recommended.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: primary or secondary disease?
Authors: Syed M I , Stewart M , Syed S , Dahill S , Adams C , McLellan D R , Clark L J 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective:To review the aetiopathogenesis, clinical characteristics, immunohistochemical profile, prognosis and treatment options for primary thyroid squamous cell carcinoma, and to compare it with squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to the thyroid, thus providing the reader with a framework for differentiating primary and secondary disease.Method:Review of English language literature from the past 25 years.Search strategy:A search of the Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases (April 1984 to April 2009) was undertaken to enable a comprehensive review.Results:After applying strict criteria for the diagnosis of primary thyroid squamous cell carcinoma, 28 articles were identified reporting 84 cases. When reviewing secondary thyroid squamous cell carcinoma, we only analysed cases of squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to the thyroid gland, and found 28 articles reporting 78 cases.Conclusion:It is possible to differentiate between primary and secondary thyroid squamous cell carcinoma, on the basis of combined evidence from clinical examination and endoscopic, pathological and radiological evaluation. Such differentiation is important, as the prognosis for primary squamous cell carcinoma is uniformly poor irrespective of treatment, and the most suitable option may be supportive therapy. Treatment for secondary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid varies with the site and extent of spread of the primary tumour.
The different trajectories of antipsychotic response: antipsychotics versus placebo
Authors: Marques T. R. , Arenovich T. , Agid O. , Sajeev G. , Muthén B. , Chen L. , Kinon B. J. , Kapur S. 
Published: October 2010

BackgroundIt is generally accepted that antipsychotics are more effective than placebo. However, it remains unclear whether antipsychotics induce a pattern or trajectory of response that is distinct from placebo. We used a data-driven technique, called growth mixture modelling (GMM), to identify the different patterns of response observed in antipsychotic trials and to determine whether drug-treated and placebo-treated subjects show similar or distinct patterns of response.MethodWe examined data on 420 patients with schizophrenia treated for 6 weeks in two double-blind placebo-controlled trials using haloperidol and olanzapine. We used GMM to identify the optimal number of response trajectories; to compare the trajectories in drug-treated versus placebo-treated patients; and to determine whether the trajectories for the different dimensions (positive versus negative symptoms) were identical or different.ResultsPositive symptoms were found to respond along four distinct trajectories, with the two most common trajectories (‘Partial responder’ and ‘Responder’) accounting for 70% of the patients and seen proportionally in both drug- and placebo-treated. The most striking drug–placebo difference was in the ‘Dramatic responders’, seen only among the drug-treated. The response of negative symptoms was more modest and did not show such distinct trajectories.ConclusionsTrajectory models of response, rather than the simple responder/non-responder dichotomy, provide a better statistical account of how antipsychotics work. The ‘Dramatic responders’ (those showing >70% response) were seen only among the drug-treated and make a significant contribution to the overall drug–placebo difference. Identifying and studying this subset may provide specific insight into antipsychotic action.
Econometric Methodology at the Cowles Commission: Rise and Maturity
Authors: Malinvaud E. 
Published: October 2010

Considering the contribution of the Cowles research institute to the development of econometrics, one has little choice in this address and must mainly focus attention on one major achievement, namely, the building of the simultaneous equation methodology. One does not need to demonstrate the indisputable fact that this methodology was conceived and elaborated at the Cowles Commission in the forties. Neither does one need to insist on the long standing significance of this achievement nor on its central place in any education or reflection concerning statistical inference about economic phenomena. More interesting is the question of how research at Cowles during the first 15 years of its existence led to this result and how further econometric research here during the last 30 years relates to the simultaneous equation achievement. Also relevant is the following question: how does the message that was sent out by the Cowles people to the world in 1950 stand today? Should it be replaced by another different one? Or should it simply be somewhat amended and supplemented?To do full justice to the research work and achievements of the many econometricians that were associated with Cowles through the years would require a much longer paper than the present one. But one must at least try also to summarize here those main concerns that stood outside the simultaneous equation methodology.
When cues collide: children's sensitivity to letter- and meaning-patterns in spelling words in English
Authors: DEACON S. H. , LEBLANC D. , SABOURIN C. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTIn many learning situations, we need to determine to which cues to attend, particularly in cases when these cues conflict. These conflicts appear often in English orthography. In two experiments, we asked children to spell two-syllable words that varied on two dimensions: morphological and orthographic structure. In one set of these words, the two sources of information conflicted. Results of Experiment 1 suggest that seven- to nine-year-old children are sensitive to both orthographic and morphological dimensions of words, and that this dual sensitivity sometimes leads to correct spelling and sometimes to incorrect spelling. Results of Experiment 2 suggest that orthographic information dominates young (six-year-old) children's spelling, at least in a case when there is a strong orthographic regularity. Taken together, these experiments suggest that children are sensitive to the multiple dimensions of regularity in English orthography and that this sensitivity can lead to mistakes.
The evolution and distribution of phage ST160 withinSalmonella entericaserotype Typhimurium
Authors: PRICE-CARTER M. , ROY-CHOWDHURY P. , POPE C. E. , PAINE S. , DE LISLE G. W. , COLLINS D. M. , NICOL C. , CARTER P. E. 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYSalmonellosis is an internationally important disease of mammals and birds. Unique epidemics in New Zealand in the recent past include twoSalmonellaserovars:Salmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar Typhimurium definitive type (DT) 160 (S. Typhimurium DT160) andS. Brandenburg. Although not a major threat internationally, in New ZealandS. Typhimurium DT160 has been the most common serovar isolated from humans, and continues to cause significant losses in wildlife. We have identified DNA differences between the first New Zealand isolate ofS. Typhimurium DT160 and the genome-sequenced strain,S. Typhimurium LT2. All the differences could be accounted for in one cryptic phage ST64B, and one novel P22-like phage, ST160. The majority of the ST160 genome is almost identical to phage SE1 but has two regions not found in SE1 which are identical to the P22-like phage ST64T, suggesting that ST160 evolved from SE1 via two recombination events with ST64T. All of the New Zealand isolates of DT160 were identical indicating the clonal spread of this particularSalmonella. Some overseas isolates ofS. Typhimurium DT160 differed from the New Zealand strain and contained SE1 phage rather than ST160. ST160 was also identified in New Zealand isolates ofS. Typhimurium DT74 andS. Typhimurium RDNC-April06 and inS. Typhimurium DT160 isolates from the USA. The emergence ofS. Typhimurium DT160 as a significant pathogen in New Zealand is postulated to have occurred due to the sensitivity of theSalmonellastrains to the ST160 phage whenS. Typhimurium DT160 first arrived.