bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Influences on Children's Physical Activity and Eating Habits in a Rural Oregon County
Authors: Findholt Nancy E. , Michael Yvonne L. , Jerofke Linda J. , Brogoitti Victoria W. 
Published: October 2011

Purpose. To identify environmental barriers and facilitators of children's physical activity and healthy eating in a rural county. Design. Community-based participatory research using mixed methods, primarily qualitative. Setting. A rural Oregon county. Subjects. Ninety-five adults, 6 high school students, and 41 fifth-grade students. Measures. In-depth interviews, focus groups, Photovoice, and structured observations using the Physical Activity Resource Assessment, System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity, Community Food Security Assessment Toolkit, and School Food and Beverage Marketing Assessment Tool. Analysis. Qualitative data were coded by investigators; observational data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings were triangulated to produce a composite of environmental barriers and assets. Results. Limited recreational resources, street-related hazards, fear of strangers, inadequate physical education, and denial of recess hindered physical activity, whereas popularity of youth sports and proximity to natural areas promoted physical activity. Limited availability and high cost of healthy food, busy lifestyles, convenience stores near schools, few healthy meal choices at school, children's being permitted to bring snacks to school, candy used as incentives, and teachers' modeling unhealthy eating habits hindered healthy eating, whereas the agricultural setting and popularity of gardening promoted healthy eating. Conclusions. This study provides data on a neglected area of research, namely environmental determinants of rural childhood obesity, and points to the need for multifaceted and multilevel environmental change interventions.
False Memory Is in the Details: Photographic Details Differentially Predict Memory Formation
Authors: Hessen‐Kayfitz Joanna K. , Scoboria Alan 
Published: October 2011

SummaryAlthough false memory formation is a well‐documented phenomenon, the strength and rates of false memory formation vary across studies. Research indicates that the types of details provided in suggestions differentially influence memory formation, with some details enhancing and others impeding memories. This study explored the facilitation of false memories using doctored photographs, by manipulating the presence of salient familiar and unfamiliar details within photographs. Over three interviews, 82 participants viewed four photographs allegedly provided by parents. One was a doctored photograph depicting a hot‐air balloon ride, in which the presence of salient self‐relevant and unfamiliar details was varied. Participants rated the strength of their memory and associated memory characteristics for the events. Including self‐relevant details without unfamiliar details resulted in the highest memory ratings and greater increases in memory characteristic ratings. Memories were weakest when both details were provided. The theoretical implications of the findings are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomimetic Titanium Alloy with Sparsely Distributed Nanotubes Could Enhance Osteoblast Functions
Authors: Mei Shenglin , Zhao Lingzhou , Wang Wei , Ma Qianli , Zhang Yumei 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDesigning the bone implant surface by mimicking the structure of natural tissue is an intriguing means to achieve better osseointegration. In this study, a biomimetic surface with sparsely distributed 80 nm diameter nanotubes (SNT) with a spacing of about 20–80 nm from each other, contrary to the closely distributed nanotubes on pure titanium, is fabricated by anodization of nearβtitanium alloy Ti‐5Zr‐3Sn‐5Mo‐15Nb (TLM). The structure is more similar to the cross‐section of collagen fibrils than commonly reported nanotubes on pure titanium. The SNT‐textured Ti‐alloy also shows good wettability and low elastic modulus more compatible with bone tissues. The surface bioactivity is evaluated in vitro by primary osteoblast cultures. Compared with the polished non‐textured TLM, the SNT texture exhibits satisfactory bioactivity with protein adsorption, initial cell adhesion, cell differentiation as revealed by ALP activity and osteogenesis‐related gene expression. Although cell proliferation is slightly suppressed, ECM deposition is enhanced. The enhanced cell functions are probably related to the biomimetic structure, biochemical characteristics, and mechanical properties of SNT‐textured Ti‐alloy as well as the potential fluid exchange effect among the nanotubes. The SNT texture which constitutes a bio‐interface with fluid supply from the implant surface can be tailored to enhance biological properties such as cell immigration and differentiation.
Oxygen separation through U‐shaped hollow fiber membrane using pure CO2 as sweep gas
Authors: Wei Yanying , Tang Jun , Zhou Lingyi , Xue Jian , Li Zhong , Wang Haihui 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA number of U‐shaped K2NiF4‐type oxide hollow fiber membranes based on (Pr0.9La0.1)2(Ni0.74Cu0.21Ga0.05)O4+δ (PLNCG) were successfully prepared by a phase inversion spinning process. The PLNCG hollow fiber membranes were then used to investigate the effect of CO2 concentration in both the sweep gas and the feed air on the oxygen permeation flux. With pure CO2 as the sweep gas and even 10% CO2 in the feed air, a steady oxygen permeation flux of 0.9 mL/min·cm2 (STP) is obtained at 975°C during 310 h, and no decline of the oxygen permeation flux is observed. XRD, SEM and EDS characterizations show the spent membrane still maintains the intact microstructure and perfect K2NiF4‐type phase structure without carbonate, which indicates that the U‐shaped PLNCG hollow fiber membrane is a very stable membrane under CO2 atmosphere and has great potential for the practical application in oxyfuel techniques for CO2 capture and storage.©2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Mild isolated craniosynostosis due to a novel FGFR3 mutation, p.Ala334Thr
Authors: Barroso Eva , Pérez‐Carrizosa Virginia , García‐Recuero Ignacio , Glucksman Marc J. , Wilkie Andrew O. , García‐Minaur Sixto , Heath Karen E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCraniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more sutures of the skull, which can be syndromic or isolated. Mutations in FGFR1, FGFR2, or FGFR3, among others, are often responsible for these syndromic cases. The associated of FGFR3 mutations with craniosynostosis has been restricted to three mutations, the common p.Pro250Arg in Muenke syndrome, p.Ala391Glu in Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans, and p.Pro250Leu identified in a family with isolated craniosynostosis. Other FGFR3 mutations result in various skeletal dysplasias: achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, and thanatophoric dysplasia. Here, we report a novel mutation in exon 8 (IIIc) of FGFR3, p.Ala334Thr, in a young boy with mild craniosynostosis. The mutation segregated with mild craniosynostosis in the family and was absent in 188 normal controls. Alanine 334 is evolutionarily conserved in vertebrates and is located at the amino terminus of the βF loop in the FGFR3c isoform. The mutation is predicted to alter the protein tertiary structure which may impair its binding to its ligand, FGF1. The identification of a mutation in these clinically heterogeneous disorders can aid recurrence risk assessments. Although the implementation of a stepwise screening strategy is useful in diagnostics, mutations in unscreened regions of genes associated with craniosynostosis may explain a small proportion of craniosynostosis cases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genomics really gets personal: How exome and whole genome sequencing challenge the ethical framework of human genetics research
Authors: Tabor Holly K. , Berkman Benjamin E. , Hull Sara Chandros , Bamshad Michael J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractExome sequencing (ES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) putatively identify all adverse functional alleles of protein‐coding genes. Accordingly, while ES/WGS are transformative new tools for gene discovery in human and medical genetics research, they also generate new manifestations of ethical issues related to the consent process, data sharing, and return of results. These manifestations have yet to be comprehensively framed, due in part to the rapidity with which new technologies for ES/WGS are being applied and because of a lack of empirical data to provide guidance. Accordingly, researchers, funding agencies, and policy makers have largely dealt with these issues intuitively. We explain how use of ES/WGS challenges: (i) models under which informed consent is typically obtained; (ii) how harms associated with data sharing are considered; and (iii) the nature of obligations surrounding unanticipated findings. We provide broad guidance about interim ways to contend with these issues and make broad recommendations for areas for novel resource and policy development. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of Histone Acetyltransferases as Epigenetic Tools and Drug Candidates
Authors: Furdas Silviya D. , Kannan Srinivasaraghavan , Sippl Wolfgang , Jung Manfred 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAlteration of the acetylation state of histone proteins contributes to transcriptional regulation and epigenetic inheritance. Dysregulation of these processes may lead to human diseases, especially cancer. One of the major chromatin modifications is histone acetylation and this review gives an overview of the role of histone acetyltransferases, their structural aspects, as well as of chemical modulators targeting their enzymatical activities. Inhibitors and activators of histone acetyltransferases are presented and their capability to influence histone and non‐histone protein acetylation levels is discussed. Development of small molecules as epigenetic tools that alter histone acetyltransferase activity will be helpful to better understand the consequences of histone and generally protein acetylation and potentially offer novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
Molecular signature of a public clonotypic autoantibody in primary Sjögren's syndrome: A “forbidden” clone in systemic autoimmunity
Authors: Lindop Rhianna , Arentz Georgia , Chataway Tim K. , Thurgood Lauren A. , Jackson Michael W. , Reed Joanne H. , McCluskey James , Gordon Tom P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to determine the molecular characteristics of clonotypic autoantibodies in the sera of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). This characterization is hampered by the presence of mixed anti‐Ro/La specificities that may conceal clonotypic species. In order to narrow clonotypic diversity, a positive selection step was performed on a peg‐like determinant of Ro 60 (termed Ro 60–peg) prior to analysis of the autoantibody proteome.MethodsMonospecific anti–Ro 60–peg IgG were isolated by affinity purification from the sera of 7 patients with primary SS and anti‐Ro/La and subjected to 2‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and high‐resolution orbitrap mass spectrometric sequencing. V regions of heavy and light chains were analyzed by combined database and de novo amino acid sequencing.ResultsProteomic analysis revealed a Ro 60–peg–specific IgG1κ‐restricted monoclonal autoantibody that was present in the sera of all patients and specified by a VH3–23 heavy chain paired with a Vκ3–20 light chain. The public anti–Ro 60–peg clonotype was specified further by common mutations in the heavy‐chain and light‐chain complementarity‐determining regions. Titers and relative affinities of clonotypic IgG did not vary over the course of the disease.ConclusionThe expression of a Ro 60–reactive public B cell clonotype in a subset of patients with primary SS as a long‐lived, class‐switched circulating autoantibody implies a common breach of B cell tolerance checkpoints in these patients. The unique heavy chain/light chain signature opens the possibility of tracking the development of a “forbidden” clone against a bona fide systemic autoantigen in human disease.
Mining search intents for collaborative cyberporn filtering
Authors: Lee Lung‐Hao , Chen Hsin‐Hsi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article presents a search‐intent‐based method to generate pornographic blacklists for collaborative cyberporn filtering. A novel porn‐detection framework that can find newly appearing pornographic web pages by mining search query logs is proposed. First, suspected queries are identified along with their clicked URLs by an automatically constructed lexicon. Then, a candidate URL is determined if the number of clicks satisfies majority voting rules. Finally, a candidate whose URL contains at least one categorical keyword will be included in a blacklist. Several experiments are conducted on an MSN search porn dataset to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. The resulting blacklist generated by our search‐intent‐based method achieves high precision (0.701) while maintaining a favorably low false‐positive rate (0.086). The experiments of a real‐life filtering simulation reveal that our proposed method with its accumulative update strategy can achieve 44.15% of a macro‐averaging blocking rate, when the update frequency is set to 1 day. In addition, the overblocking rates are less than 9% with time change due to the strong advantages of our search‐intent‐based method. This user‐behavior‐oriented method can be easily applied to search engines for incorporating only implicit collective intelligence from query logs without other efforts. In practice, it is complementary to intelligent content analysis for keeping up with the changing trails of objectionable websites from users' perspectives.
Artificial immune system for illicit content identification in social media
Authors: Yang Ming , Kiang Melody , Chen Hsinchun , Li Yijun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSocial media is frequently used as a platform for the exchange of information and opinions as well as propaganda dissemination. But online content can be misused for the distribution of illicit information, such as violent postings in web forums. Illicit content is highly distributed in social media, while non‐illicit content is unspecific and topically diverse. It is costly and time consuming to label a large amount of illicit content (positive examples) and non‐illicit content (negative examples) to train classification systems. Nevertheless, it is relatively easy to obtain large volumes of unlabeled content in social media. In this article, an artificial immune system‐based technique is presented to address the difficulties in the illicit content identification in social media. Inspired by the positive selection principle in the immune system, we designed a novel labeling heuristic based on partially supervised learning to extract high‐quality positive and negative examples from unlabeled datasets. The empirical evaluation results from two large hate group web forums suggest that our proposed approach generally outperforms the benchmark techniques and exhibits more stable performance.
Automatic identification of personal insults on social news sites
Authors: Sood Sara Owsley , Churchill Elizabeth F. , Antin Judd 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAs online communities grow and the volume of user‐generated content increases, the need for community management also rises. Community management has three main purposes: to create a positive experience for existing participants, to promote appropriate, socionormative behaviors, and to encourage potential participants to make contributions. Research indicates that the quality of content a potential participant sees on a site is highly influential; off‐topic, negative comments with malicious intent are a particularly strong boundary to participation or set the tone for encouraging similar contributions. A problem for community managers, therefore, is the detection and elimination of such undesirable content. As a community grows, this undertaking becomes more daunting. Can an automated system aid community managers in this task? In this paper, we address this question through a machine learning approach to automatic detection of inappropriate negative user contributions. Our training corpus is a set of comments from a news commenting site that we tasked Amazon Mechanical Turk workers with labeling. Each comment is labeled for the presence of profanity, insults, and the object of the insults. Support vector machines trained on these data are combined with relevance and valence analysis systems in a multistep approach to the detection of inappropriate negative user contributions. The system shows great potential for semiautomated community management.
Biochemical characterization of fluorescent‐labeled recombinant human alpha‐l‐iduronidase in vitro
Authors: Tippin Brigette L. , Troitskaya Larisa , Kan Shih‐hsin , Todd Amanda K. , Le Steven Q. , Dickson Patricia I. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn vivo tracking of the delivery of therapeutic proteins is a useful tool for preclinical studies. However, many labels are too large to use without disrupting the normal uptake, function, or other properties of the protein. Low‐molecular‐weight fluorescent labels allow in vivo and ex vivo tracking of the distribution of therapeutic proteins, and should not alter the protein's characteristics. We tested the in vitro properties of fluorescent‐labeled recombinant human alpha‐l‐iduronidase (rhIDU, the enzyme deficient in Hurler syndrome) and compared labeled to unlabeled proteins. Labeled rhIDU retained full enzymatic activity and showed similar kinetics to nonlabeled rhIDU. Uptake of labeled rhIDU into human Hurler fibroblasts, measured by activity assay, was equivalent to unlabeled rhIDU enzyme and showed an uptake constant of 0.72 nM. Labeled rhIDU was also able to enter cells via the mannose 6‐phospate receptor pathway and reduce glycosaminoglycan storage in Hurler fibroblasts. Subcellular localization was verified within lysosomes by confocal microscopy. These findings suggest that fluorescent labeling does not significantly interfere with enzymatic activity, stability, or uptake, and validates this method as a way to track exogenously administered enzyme.
Human pluripotent stem cells for disease modelling and drug screening
Authors: Maury Yves , Gauthier Morgane , Peschanski Marc , Martinat Cécile 
Published: October 2011

AbstractConsiderable hope surrounds the use of disease‐specific pluripotent stem cells to generate models of human disease allowing exploration of pathological mechanisms and search for new treatments. Disease‐specific human embryonic stem cells were the first to provide a useful source for studying certain disease states. The recent demonstration that human somatic cells, derived from readily accessible tissue such as skin or blood, can be converted to embryonic‐like induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has opened new perspectives for modelling and understanding a larger number of human pathologies. In this review, we examine the opportunities and challenges for the use of disease‐specific pluripotent stem cells in disease modelling and drug screening. Progress in these areas will substantially accelerate effective application of disease‐specific human pluripotent stem cells for drug screening.
Determination of nitrate and nitrite in freshwaters using flow‐injection with luminol chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Yaqoob Mohammad , Folgado Biot Beatriz , Nabi Abdul , Worsfold Paul J. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA simple and sensitive flow‐injection (FI) method for the determination of nitrate and nitrite in natural waters, based on luminol chemiluminescence (CL) detection, is reported. Nitrate was reduced online to nitrite via a copperized cadmium (Cu–Cd) column and then reacted with acidic hydrogen peroxide to form peroxynitrous acid. CL emission was observed from the oxidation of luminol in an alkaline medium in the presence of the peroxynitrite anion. The limits of detection (S:N = 3) were 0.02 and 0.01 µg N/L, with sample throughputs of 40 and 90 /h for nitrate and nitrite, respectively. Calibration graphs were linear over the range 0.02–50 and 0.01–50 µg N/L [R2 = 0.9984 (n = 8) and R2 = 0.9965 (n = 7)] for nitrate and nitrite, respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSDs; n = 3) in the range 1.8–4.6%. The key chemical and physical variables (reagent concentrations, buffer pH, flow rates, sample volume, Cu–Cd reductor column length) were optimized and potential interferences investigated. The effect of cations [Ca(II), Mg(II), Co(II), Fe(II) and Cu(II)] was masked online with EDTA. Common anions (PO43−, SO42− and HCO3−) did not interfere at their maximum admissible concentrations in freshwaters. The effect of salinity on the luminol CL reaction with and without nitrate and nitrite (2 and 0.5 µg N/L, respectively) was also investigated. The method was successfully applied to freshwaters and the results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained by an automated segmented flow analyser reference method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Docosahexaenoic acid: A natural powerful adjuvant that improves efficacy for anticancer treatment with no adverse effects
Authors: Siddiqui Rafat A. , Harvey Kevin A. , Xu Zhidong , Bammerlin Elaine M. , Walker Candace , Altenburg Jeffrey D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEpidemiological studies have linked fish oil consumption to a decreased incidence of cancer. The anticancer effects of fish oil are mostly attributed to its content of omega‐3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, DHA, because of its unique effect of altering membrane composition, is often regarded as the major omega‐3 fatty acid involved in anticancer activity. Although use of DHA as an anticancer drug to prevent or treat human cancer in clinical settings has not yet been well established, recent studies suggest that DHA can be very effective as an adjuvant with other anticancer agents. In this article, we present studies that show the role of DHA in improving anticancer drug efficacy. Several in vitro and animal studies suggest that combining DHA with other anticancer agents often improves efficacy of anticancer drugs and also reduces therapy‐associated side effects. Incorporation of DHA in cellular membranes improves drug uptake, whereas increased lipid peroxidation is another mechanism for DHA‐mediated enhanced efficacy of anticancer drugs. In addition, several intracellular targets including cyclooxygenase‐2, nuclear factor kappa B, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma, mitogen‐activated protein kinase, AKT, and BCL‐2/BAX are found to play an important role in DHA‐mediated additive or synergistic interaction with anticancer drugs. The data suggest that DHA is a safe, natural compound that can greatly improve the anticancer properties of anticancer drugs. Use of DHA with anticancer treatments provides an avenue to therapeutic improvement that involves less risk or side effects for patients and reduced regulatory burden for implementation.