bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triglyceride-glucose index predicts all-cause mortality, but not cardiovascular mortality, in rural Northeast Chinese patients with metabolic syndrome: a community-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yu Shasha , Li Qiyu , Yang Hongmei , Guo Xiaofan , Li GuangXiao , Sun Yingxian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes a group of metabolic irregularities, including insulin resistance (IR), atherogenic dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension. Consistent evidence supports IR and ongoing low-grade inflammation as the main contributors to MetS pathogenesis. However, the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and mortality in people with MetS remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between the baseline TyG index and all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in rural Northeast Chinese individuals with MetS.

Methods
For the Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study, 3918 participants (mean age, 55 ± 10; 62.4% women) with MetS at baseline were enrolled in 2012–2013 and followed up from 2015 to 2017. The TyG index was calculated using the equation TyG index = ln [fasting TG (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2] and subdivided into tertiles [Q1(< 8.92); Q2 (8.92–9.36); Q3 (≥ 9.36)]. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were developed to examine the correlations between mortality and the baseline TyG index.

Results
During a median of 4.66 years of follow-up, 196 (5.0%) all-cause deaths and 108 (2.8%) CV disease-related deaths occurred. The incidence of all-cause mortality was significantly different among TyG index tertiles of the overall population (P = 0.045). Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality in rural Chinese patients with a higher TyG index (log-rank P < 0.05). After adjusting for possible confounders, Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that the TyG index could effectively predict all-cause mortality (HR for the third vs. first tertile of TyG was 1.441 [95% confidence interval, 1.009–2.059]), but not CV mortality, in rural Chinese patients with MetS.

Conclusions
The TyG index is an effective predictor of all-cause mortality in rural Chinese patients with MetS. This indicates that the TyG index may be useful for identifying rural Chinese individuals with MetS at a high risk of death.
Infrared laser moxibustion for cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mao Huijuan , Jin Ming , Xie Lulu , Mao Ni , Shen Xubo , Chen Junchao , Chen Xuefen , Mao Jun J. , Shen Xueyong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a pervasive, persistent, and distressing symptom experienced by cancer patients, for which few treatments are available. We investigated the efficacy and safety of infrared laser moxibustion (ILM) for improving fatigue in breast cancer survivors.

Methods
A three-arm, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial (6-week intervention plus 12-week observational follow-up) was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China. The female breast cancer survivors with moderate to severe fatigue were randomized 2:2:1 to ILM (n = 56) sham ILM (n = 56), and Waitlist control (WLC)(n = 28) groups. Patients in the ILM and sham ILM (SILM) groups received real or sham ILM treatment, 2 sessions per week for 6 weeks, for a total of 12 sessions. The primary outcome was change in the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) score from baseline to week 6 with follow-up until week 18 assessed in the intention-to-treat population.

Results
Between June 2018 and July 2021, 273 patients were assessed for eligibility, and 140 patients were finally enrolled and included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Compared with WLC, ILM reduced the average BFI score by 0.9 points (95% CI, 0.3 to 1.6, P = .007) from baseline to week 6, with a difference between the groups of 1.1 points (95% CI, 0.4 to 1.8, P = .002) at week 18. Compared with SILM, ILM treatment resulted in a non-significant reduction in the BFI score (0.4; 95% CI, -0.2 to 0.9, P = .206) from baseline to week 6, while the between-group difference was significant at week 18 (0.7; 95% CI, 0.2 to 1.3, P = .014). No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusion
While ILM was found to be safe and to significantly reduce fatigue compared with WLC, its promising efficacy against the sham control needs to be verified in future adequately powered trials.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04144309. Registered 12 June 2018.
Implementation research: a protocol for two three-arm pragmatic randomised controlled trials on continuous glucose monitoring devices in people with type 1 diabetes in South Africa and Kenya
Authors: Marbán-Castro Elena , Muhwava Lorrein , Kamau Yvonne , Safary Elvis , Rheeder Paul , Karsas Maria , Kemp Tanja , Freitas Johanè , Carrihill Michelle , Dave Joel , Katambo Daniel , Kimetto Joan , Allie Razana ,   Kenya ACCEDE study group, Ngugi Nancy , Muhammed Gaman , Njenga Eva , Karekezi Catherine , Kunyiha Nancy , Ngugi Newton , Onyango Elizabeth ,   South Africa ACCEDE study group, Mashego Amanda , De Klerk Kirsten , Hendriks Salih , Ngugi Newton , Sayed Bilqees , Ndungu Joseph , Sigwebela Ntombi , Akach Dorcas , Girdwood Sarah , Erkosar Berra , Nichols Brooke E. , Haldane Cathy , Vetter Beatrice , Shilton Sonjelle 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Self-monitoring of glucose is an essential component of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management. In recent years, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has provided an alternative to daily fingerstick testing for the optimisation of insulin dosing and general glucose management in people with T1D. While studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of CGM on clinical outcomes in the US, Europe and Australia, there are limited data available for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and further empirical evidence is needed to inform policy decision around their use in these countries.

Methods
This trial was designed as a pragmatic, parallel-group, open-label, multicentre, three-arm, randomised (1:1:1) controlled trial of continuous or periodic CGM device use versus standard of care in people with T1D in South Africa and Kenya. The primary objective of this trial will be to assess the impact of continuous or periodic CGM device use on glycaemic control as measured by change from baseline glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Additional assessments will include clinical outcomes (glucose variation, time in/below/above range), safety (adverse events, hospitalisations), quality of life (EQ-5D, T1D distress score, Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction Survey for T1D), and health economic measures (incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, quality adjusted life years).

Discussion
This trial aims to address the substantial evidence gap on the impact of CGM device use on clinical outcomes in LMICs, specifically South Africa and Kenya. The trial results will provide evidence to inform policy and treatment decisions in these countries.

Trial registration
NCT05944731 (Kenya), July 6, 2023; NCT05944718 (South Africa), July 13, 2023.
The impact of the stress hyperglycemia ratio on the risk of contrast-associated acute kidney injury in patients undergoing coronary angiography: a large real-world cohort study
Authors: Li Yuqi , Zhang Liting , Liu Weiqi , Deng Jingru , Liu Jin , Zhou Yang , Feng Li , Chen Jiyan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is an important complication in the perioperative period of coronary angiography (CAG). Dysglycemia is closely associated with the occurrence of CA-AKI. However, the association between stress hyperglycemia and CA-AKI in patients undergoing CAG remains unclear. The study aims to investigate the association of the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and CA-AKI under CAG in a large real-world cohort.

Methods
This was a retrospective observational study, and patients undergoing CAG were enrolled. SHR is calculated by dividing the random blood glucose with the estimated average glucose derived from the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and subjects were divided into five groups according to SHR. The outcome was CA-AKI defined as an increase in serum creatinine of ≥ 0.3 mg/dL (26.5 μmol/L) or 1.5-fold higher than normal levels in 48 h. The association was assessed with logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis.

Results
In 19,965 participants (men: 73.3%, mean age: 63.1 ± 10.8 years) undergoing CAG, a total of 1,621 CA-AKI cases occurred. There were reverse J-shaped associations between the SHR and CA-AKI after adjustment for other confounding factors. Moreover, SHR improved the predictive effectiveness of the traditional Mehran score (AUC 0.65 vs 0.63, P < 0.001), a predictive model of CA-AKI in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Conclusions
There were reverse J-shaped associations of SHR with CA-AKI risk among patients undergoing CAG, and the assessment of SHR before CAG may assist clinicians in identifying patients at higher risk of CA-AKI.
Photobiomodulation in experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease: state-of-the-art and translational perspectives
Authors: Huang Zhihai , Hamblin Michael R. , Zhang Quanguang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) poses a significant public health problem, affecting millions of people across the world. Despite decades of research into therapeutic strategies for AD, effective prevention or treatment for this devastating disorder remains elusive. In this review, we discuss the potential of photobiomodulation (PBM) for preventing and alleviating AD-associated pathologies, with a focus on the biological mechanisms underlying this therapy. Future research directions and guidance for clinical practice for this non-invasive and non-pharmacological therapy are also highlighted. The available evidence indicates that different treatment paradigms, including transcranial and systemic PBM, along with the recently proposed remote PBM, all could be promising for AD. PBM exerts diverse biological effects, such as enhancing mitochondrial function, mitigating the neuroinflammation caused by activated glial cells, increasing cerebral perfusion, improving glymphatic drainage, regulating the gut microbiome, boosting myokine production, and modulating the immune system. We suggest that PBM may serve as a powerful therapeutic intervention for AD.
Evaluating the application feasibility of thyme oil nanoemulsion coating for extending the shelf life of papaya (Carica papaya cv. Tainung No. 2) with postharvest physiology and quality parameters
Authors: Yu Meng-Chieh , Hou Chih-Yao , Tsay Jyh-Shyan , Chung Hsin-Ying , Huang Ping-Hsiu , Liang Yu-Shen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPapaya (Carica papaya L.) is a typical climacteric fruit with a brief shelf life due to the rapid degradation of quality during post-ripening, necessitating appropriate postharvest management to address this challenge. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of thyme oil nanoemulsion (TO-NE) coating and utilize its benefits for preserving papaya. This study also investigated the physiological properties and quality changes of papaya storage at 20 ℃ and, in parallel, examined the effects of TO-NE coating to mitigate microbial infection of papaya during storage. The postharvest papaya was soaked in different concentrations (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/g) of TO-NE for coating. At the same time, the decay loss rate and effective shelf life were also evaluated. This study revealed that polygalacturonase (PG) and pectinesterase (PME) activities were inhibited during the storage of papaya treated with 0.25 mg/g TO-NE coated compared to the control group. This resulted in the preservation of the firmness of papaya fruits, in addition to a higher ascorbic acid content, delayed total soluble solids (TSS) accumulation, and total chlorophyll content (TCC) degradation, with a lagging color change for two days. The respiration rate and ethylene production were suppressed, while the 0.25 mg/g TO-NE coated group at day 14 (ethylene peak) were 63.2 mg CO2 kg−1 h−1 and 7.3 µL kg−1 h−1, lower than control. The 0.25 mg/g TO-NE coating treatment significantly reduced the decay rate for 10 days of storage, preserving their appearance and facilitating ripening. This is a viable option for extending Tainung No.2 papaya shelf life.
Graphical Abstract
Salivary and serum haptoglobin, adenosine deaminase, and immunoglobulin G in growing pigs
Authors: Piirainen Virpi , Gutiérrez Ana M. , Heinonen Mari , König Emilia , Valros Anna , Junnikkala Sami 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Identification of animals in need of medical treatment is important in porcine health management, where analytical samples applicable at farm level could be utilized. Several biomarkers are measurable in saliva, which is less stressful to collect than blood. Saliva sampling is easy to learn and repeatable, making it suitable for monitoring purposes. Previous research suggests that porcine health biomarkers are dependent on production stage and gender, and that combining biomarkers improves diagnostic sensitivity. However, proper monitoring of biomarkers during the complete production cycle has not been studied. We aimed to describe the dynamics of salivary and serum haptoglobin (Hp), adenosine deaminase (ADA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in four production stages (suckling, early growing, late growing, finishing), on commercial Finnish pig farms using a total of 117 piglets. The relationship between gender and biomarker dynamics was investigated, as well as the relationships between these biomarkers in saliva and serum.

Results
The highest salivary concentrations of Hp, ADA and IgG were measured in suckling piglets. The differences between production stages were generally larger in saliva than for the corresponding serum biomarkers. All correlation coefficients between salivary biomarkers were positive in each production stage and the strength of the correlation varied from 0.245 to 0.762. No similar trend was observed regarding correlation coefficients either between serum biomarkers or between salivary and serum biomarkers. Gender was associated with some biomarker concentrations.

Conclusions
The biomarker dynamics supported previous findings that collection of analytical samples should be conducted in age-matched populations. Positive and even strong relationships between salivary biomarkers indicate the potential to use especially saliva for health monitoring. Our results also suggest the importance of considering gender effects when assessing some salivary or serum biomarkers.
Preoperative evaluation of the persistent urogenital sinus in cases with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Aboalazayem Abeer , Fares Ahmed Elham , Ahmed Samah Ahmed Hassanein , Kaddah Sherif , Abdullateef Khaled Salah Ahmed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a common cause of urogenital sinus (UGS) anomalies. Delineating the abnormal anatomy of the UGS is crucial prior to the operative repair. Genitography and cystourethroscopy are commonly used by most surgeons to plan for reconstruction. We aim at this study to evaluate the role of these modalities and to compare their accuracy in delineating the abnormal anatomy.

Methods
We did a prospective study of 30 female paediatric patients with persistent UGS secondary to CAH. All cases were evaluated with genitography and cystourethroscopy. We compared the accuracy of each modality in delineating the confluence. The confluence depth, the urethral length proximal to the confluence, the vaginal dimensions, and the depth of the bladder neck were measured in the genitograms.

Results
Cystourethroscopy showed the abnormal anatomy in all 30 cases (100%). The genitogram showed the site of confluence in 24 cases out of 30 cases (80%). According to the site of the vaginal opening in relation to the external urethral sphincter in the genitogram, we had 2 groups: the low confluence group (N = 14) and the high confluence group (N = 16). The mean confluence depth in the low group was 9.8 mm vs. 20.5 mm in the high group (p-value < 0.001). To find a cutoff point to differentiate low from high groups, we used the values that resulted from dividing the length of the urethra proximal to the confluence over the depth of the bladder neck. By using the ROC curve, the cutoff point was 0.63 mm (< 0.63 mm high, > / = 0.63 mm low) (p-value < .001).

Conclusion
We recommend using both cystourethroscopy and genitography for preoperative evaluation. Cystourethroscopy is superior in identifying the abnormal anatomy, but it lacks precision in taking measurements. Genitography can avoid this drawback and can precisely measure the confluence depth, vaginal dimensions, and length of the proximal urethra. We suggest using this formula (length of the urethra proximal to the confluence/depth of bladder neck) to classify persistent UGS as low (> / = 0.63 mm) and high (< 0.63 mm).
THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE PROFESSIONAL RESILIENCE OF A PSYCHOLOGIST WITH THE FACTORS OF ENSURING HIS PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY
Authors: Kislyakov Pavel A. , Shmeleva Elena A. , Silaeva Olga A. , Meyerson Isaac-Leib S. 
Published: May 2024

Relevance. The study of professional resilience of psychologists as representatives of the helping profession with psychological risks for specialists is presented. The aim of the work is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of professional resilience of a psychologist in the relationship with psychological factors of psychological safety.
Research methods. In the study we used the scale of subjective well-being, the methodology for assessing professional resilience, the questionnaire of coping with stress, the assessment of satisfaction with the need for safety, and professional burnout. The target sample of the study included 54 practicing female psychologists aged 27 to 65 years.
The results of the study specify professional resilience of a psychologist as a predictor of his/her psychological well-being and at the same time as a protector of professional burnout through productive coping strategies contributing to psychological safety. A high level of professional resilience of psychologists can help them prevent or reduce the risk of professional burnout, ensuring the preservation of energy, motivation and satisfaction in work, and as a consequence, psychological well-being in connection with professional activity.
Funding. The research was funded by the grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 22-18-00678, https://rscf.ru/project/22-18-00678/, Ivanovo State University.
How Demand Shocks “Jumpstart” Technological Ecosystems and Commercialization: Evidence from the Global Electric Vehicle Industry
Authors: Dutta Sunasir , Vasudeva Gurneeta 
Published: May 2024

We examine how exogenous demand shocks overcome ecosystem bottlenecks in the commercialization of an emergent technology. We argue that demand shocks that spur new technology adoption by niche users pull “hub” firms into country technology markets, despite ecosystem bottlenecks, thereby serving to “jumpstart” the process of ecosystem development and technology commercialization. By analyzing global electric vehicle markets over the period 2008–2017, we find that extreme weather events such as abnormal heat-related events spur adoption of electric vehicles by end users, thereby propelling automotive or hub firms’ entry into country technology markets, and the subsequent shift of their electric vehicle product portfolios toward the more radical version of the technology. Notably, such demand shocks propel firms’ commercialization strategy, despite ecosystem bottlenecks such as the lack of regulatory and economic inducements for adoption, relative absence of complements, and product market differences. After entry, entrant firms’ electric vehicle product portfolios transition from hybrids toward radical technology products and investments in complements, albeit contingent on their competitive market position in the legacy technology. We discuss the implications of these findings concerning the uptake of demand shocks, and their robustness to modeling choices, technological generations across extended timeframes, potential mediating forces, and boundary conditions owing to firm and country-market heterogeneity. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2022.0075 .
Coletivo Ação Zumbi - trilhando epistemologias outras:
Authors: Da Silva Janaína Amorim , Antônio Paim Elison 
Published: May 2024

Mais do que simplesmente cumprir as legislações 10.639/03 e 11.645/08, uma educação antirracista exige modificar as epistemologias e metodologias, repensando nossa visão de educação, sociedade e sistema mundo. Nesse sentido, esse artigo deseja contribuir na construção de uma proposta de educação que esteja aberta a escuta e aprendizado com o movimento negro, valorizando epistemologias como a filosofia ubuntu e o sentipensamento. Na busca por uma experiência de educação antirracista, escolhemos pesquisar sobre e com o Coletivo Ação Zumbi, um coletivo negro, criado em 2003 que atua principalmente nas cidades catarinenses de Florianópolis e São José, onde foi precursor na promoção da igualdade racial através da arte, na valorização da cultura africana e afro-brasileira, revelando memórias contra-hegemônicas de origens afro-brasileiras, reencontrando e recontando a história do Brasil e de Santa Catarina.
siRNA incorporated in slow-release injectable hydrogel continuously silences DDIT4 and regulates nucleus pulposus cell pyroptosis through the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 axis to alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Ma Miao , Zhang Chongjing , Zhong Zeyuan , Wang Yajun , He Xuegang , Zhu Daxue , Qian Zhi , Yu Baoqing , Kang Xuewen 
Published: May 2024

AimsIn this investigation, we administered oxidative stress to nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), recognized DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) as a component in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), and devised a hydrogel capable of conveying small interfering RNA (siRNA) to IVDD.MethodsAn in vitro model for oxidative stress-induced injury in NPCs was developed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the upregulation of DDIT4 expression, activation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)-NLRP3 signalling pathway, and nucleus pulposus pyroptosis. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of small interfering DDIT4 (siDDIT4) on NPCs in vitro was validated. A triplex hydrogel named siDDIT4@G5-P-HA was created by adsorbing siDDIT4 onto fifth-generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer using van der Waals interactions, and then coating it with hyaluronic acid (HA). In addition, we established a rat puncture IVDD model to decipher the hydrogel’s mechanism in IVDD.ResultsA correlation between DDIT4 expression levels and disc degeneration was shown with human nucleus pulposus and needle-punctured rat disc specimens. We confirmed that DDIT4 was responsible for activating the ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 axis during oxidative stress-induced pyroptosis in rat nucleus pulposus in vitro. Mitochondria were damaged during oxidative stress, and DDIT4 contributed to mitochondrial damage and ROS production. In addition, siDDIT4@G5-P-HA hydrogels showed good delivery activity of siDDIT4 to NPCs. In vitro studies illustrated the potential of the siDDIT4@G5-P-HA hydrogel for alleviating IVDD in rats.ConclusionDDIT4 is a key player in mediating pyroptosis and IVDD in NPCs through the ROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 axis. Additionally, siDDIT4@G5-P-HA hydrogel has been found to relieve IVDD in rats. Our research offers an innovative treatment option for IVDD.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(5):247–260.