bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extension of the intravoxel incoherent motion model to non‐gaussian diffusion in head and neck cancer
Authors: Lu Yonggang , Jansen Jacobus F.A. , Mazaheri Yousef , Stambuk Hilda E. , Koutcher Jason A. , Shukla‐Dave Amita 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurpose:To extend the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) model to restricted diffusion and to simultaneously quantify the perfusion and restricted diffusion parameters in neck nodal metastases.Materials and Methods:The non‐Gaussian (NG)‐IVIM model was developed and tested on diffusion‐weighted MRI data collected on a 1.5‐Tesla MRI scanner from eight patients with head and neck cancer. Voxel‐wise parameter quantification was performed by using a noise‐rectified least‐square fitting method. The NG‐IVIM, IVIM, Kurtosis, and ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) models were used for comparison. For each voxel, within the metastatic node, the optimal model was determined using the Bayesian Information Criterion. The voxel percentage preferred by each model was calculated and the optimal model map was generated. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate the accuracy and precision dependency of the new model.Results:For the eight neck nodes, the range of voxel percentage preferred by the NG‐IVIM model was 2.3–79.3%. The optimal modal maps showed heterogeneities within the tumors. The Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that the accuracy and precision of the NG‐IVIM model improved by increasing signal‐to‐noise ratio and b value.Conclusion:The NG‐IVIM model characterizes perfusion and restricted diffusion simultaneously in neck nodal metastases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:1088–1096. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 to assess disease severity in children with viral lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: Brand Kim H. , Ahout Inge M.L. , de Groot Ronald , Warris Adilia , Ferwerda Gerben , Hermans Peter W.M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in respiratory inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It was hypothesized that MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 may function as biological markers to assess disease severity in viral lower respiratory tract infections in children. MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and granulocytes obtained in both the acute and recovery phase from 153 children with mild, moderate, and severe viral lower respiratory tract infections were determined using real‐time PCR. In addition, MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 concentrations in blood and nasopharyngeal specimens were determined during acute mild, moderate, and severe infection, and after recovery using ELISA. Furthermore, PBMCs and neutrophils obtained from healthy volunteers were stimulated with RSV, LPS (TLR4 agonist), and Pam3Cys (TLR2 agonist) in vitro. Disease severity of viral lower respiratory tract infections in children is associated with increased expression levels of the MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 genes in both PBMCs and granulocytes. On the contrary, in vitro experiments showed that MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 mRNA and protein expression in PBMCs and granulocytes is not induced by stimulation with RSV, the most frequent detected virus in young children with viral lower respiratory tract infections. These data indicate that expression levels of the MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 genes in both PBMCs and neutrophils are associated with viral lower respiratory tract infections disease severity. These observations justify future validation in independent prospective study cohorts of the usefulness of MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 as potential markers for disease severity in viral respiratory infections. J. Med. Virol. 84:1471–1480, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamics of urinary polyomavirus shedding in healthy adult women
Authors: Kling Courtney L. , Wright Alexandra T. , Katz Sophie E. , McClure Gloria B. , Gardner J. Suzette , Williams Jason T. , Meinerz Natalie M. , Garcea Robert L. , Vanchiere John A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe hypothesis was examined that physiologic variation of estrogen concentrations during the menstrual cycle can provoke BK virus (BKV) excretion. BKV and JCV viral loads were determined in urine specimens obtained almost daily from 20 healthy, non‐pregnant women over 2 months. Asymptomatic urinary shedding of BKV was observed in 123 (12.0%) of 1,021 specimens from 11 (55%) study subjects. Two subjects excreted JCV in their urine, with one subject excreting detectable JCV in all urine specimens. Analysis of 36 complete menstrual cycles revealed no difference in the prevalence of BKV excretion between pre‐ovulatory and post‐ovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle. The unexpected day‐to‐day variability in BKV excretion suggests that as yet unidentified factors may contribute to the periodic shedding of BKV by healthy women. J. Med. Virol. 84:1459–1463, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oral health profile in patients infected with HTLV‐1: Clinical findings, proviral load, and molecular analysis from HTLV‐1 in saliva
Authors: Lins Liliane , de Carvalho Victor José Uchoa , de Almeida Rego Filipe Ferreira , Azevedo Rochele , Kashima Simone , Gallazi Viviana Nilla Olavarria , Xavier Marcia Tosta , Galvão‐Castro Bernardo , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHuman T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) is associated with adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV‐1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and has also been implicated in several disorders, including periodontal disease. The proviral load is an important biological marker for understanding HTLV‐1 pathogenesis and elucidating whether or not the virus is related to the clinical manifestation of the disease. This study describes the oral health profile of HTLV‐1 carriers and HAM/TSP patients in order to investigate the association between the proviral load in saliva and the severity of the periodontal disease and to examine virus intra‐host variations from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and saliva cells. It is a cross‐sectional analytical study of 90 individuals carried out from November 2006 to May 2008. Of the patients, 60 were HTLV‐1 positive and 30 were negative. Individuals from the HTLV‐1 positive and negative groups had similar mean age and social‐economic status. Data were analyzed using two available statistical software packages, STATA 8.0 and SPSS 11.0 to conduct frequency analysis. Differences of P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. HTLV‐1 patients had poorer oral health status when compared to seronegative individuals. A weak positive correlation between blood and saliva proviral loads was observed. The mean values of proviral load in blood and saliva in patients with HAM/TSP was greater than those in HTLV‐1 carriers. The HTLV‐1 molecular analysis from PBMC and saliva specimens suggests that HTLV‐1 in saliva is due to lymphocyte infiltration from peripheral blood. A direct relationship between the proviral load in saliva and oral manifestations was observed. J. Med. Virol. 84:1428–1436, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pre‐ and post‐pandemic prevalence of antibodies to the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus in Austrian adults
Authors: Poeppl W. , Poeppl G. , Hunger M. , Tobudic S. , Winkler H. , Faas A. , Mooseder G. , Burgmann H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAntibody prevalence to the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus was determined in a sample of the Austrian population to assess the post‐pandemic seropositivity rate, the infection attack rate, and the proportion of subclinical infections during the 2009/2010 influenza pandemic in Austrian adults. A total of 480 sera from individuals aged between 18 and 57 years from all nine federal states of Austria were collected between April and June 2010. Information on demographic characteristics, vaccination history, and history of suspected or verified influenza virus infection was ascertained. Antibodies were determined using a commercial ELISA and compared with 80 age‐matched adult sera collected before the pandemic began. The overall seropositivity rate was 28% and was highest among young adults aged 18–29 years, followed by adults aged 50–57 years. Among seropositive unvaccinated individuals, infection was asymptomatic in more than 80%. Extrapolation to the overall Austrian adult population indicates that more than 1.3 million persons aged 18–57 years became infected in 2009. Compared with the pre‐pandemic seropositivity rate, the infection rate was highest among young adults but low in those aged 30–57 years. Among 69 individuals previously vaccinated with the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus, 71% had specific antibodies. The study demonstrates that infection rates based on surveillance of clinical cases considerably underestimated the infection attack rate during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in Austria and that vaccination against this virus elicited long‐lasting seropositivity in more than 70% of adults. J. Med. Virol. 84:1331–1334, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Case report: Management and HBV sequencing in a patient co‐infected with HBV and HIV failing tenofovir
Authors: Mikulska Małgorzata , Taramasso Lucia , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Caligiuri Patrizia , Bruzzone Bianca , Di Biagio Antonio , Viscoli Claudio 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNucleos(t)ide analogs such as tenofovir, lamivudine, or emtricitabine are active against both HBV and HIV. Tenofovir confers potent and durable HBV‐DNA suppression but the best strategy in case of resistance of HBV to tenofovir remains unknown. A case of a 22‐year‐old patient with co‐infection with HBV and HIV transmitted perinatally is reported. After prolonged and intermittent treatment of HIV with lamivudine and tenofovir, HBV became resistant to lamivudine. Subsequently, clinical resistance to tenofovir occurred, manifesting as HBV‐DNA breakthrough. The non‐compliance was reasonable excluded and HIV‐RNA remained constantly suppressed. Entecavir (1 mg daily) was added and the combination therapy resulted in a rapid and continuous suppression of HBV‐DNA for over 12 months. The treatment was well‐tolerated and safe. No known mutations, such as rtA181T/V associated with rtN236T or A194T that are associated with reduced susceptibility or resistance to tenofovir were detected. However, a unique and complex HBV substitution pattern was found: with a development of rtR192PR mutation at the time of virological failure. Adding entecavir to failing therapy with tenofovir and emtricitabine was feasible, well‐tolerated and resulted in virological success. The rtR192PR, which is located in the B domain near the rtA194T, occurring in a context of a very complex substitutions patterns, might be associated with resistance to tenofovir. J. Med. Virol. 84:1340–1343, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular and epidemiological features of gastroenteritis outbreaks involving genogroup I norovirus in Victoria, Australia, 2002–2010
Authors: Bruggink Leesa D. , Oluwatoyin Osunneye , Sameer Rizmina , Witlox Kristie J. , Marshall John A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGI noroviruses are relatively rare and systematic studies of the molecular epidemiology of GI norovirus outbreaks are lacking. The current study examined the molecular virology of GI norovirus outbreaks in Victoria, Australia (2002–2010). Of 1,617 norovirus outbreaks identified, 69 (4.3%) were associated with GI norovirus alone, 1,540 (95.2%) with GII norovirus alone and 8 (0.5%) with GI + GII. Some differences between GI and GII outbreak epidemiology were found. GI outbreaks peaked in the 2‐month period November/December whereas GII outbreaks peaked in the 2‐month period September/October and GI norovirus outbreaks were significantly more common in non‐healthcare settings (37.7%) than GII outbreaks (9.5%). ORF 1/ORF 2 genotypes found in the 69 outbreaks involving GI norovirus alone were: GI.2/GI.2, 7 outbreaks; GI.2/GI.6, 18 outbreaks; GI.3b/GI.3, 14 outbreaks; GI.4/GI.4, 21 outbreaks; GI.8/GI.8, one outbreak; GI.d/GI.3, four outbreaks; and GI.e/GI.13, one outbreak. The current study appears to be the first to have identified the recombinant form, GI.2/GI.6. Whereas GI.2/GI.6 and GI.3b/GI.3 outbreaks occurred with equal frequency in both healthcare and non‐healthcare settings, GI.4/GI.4 occurred predominantly in healthcare settings. GI ORF 1/ORF 2 genotypes found in the eight outbreaks involving GI + GII norovirus were GI.2/GI.6, GI.3b/GI.3, and GI.4/GI.4, indicating GI genotypes in GI + GII outbreaks were similar to those found in outbreaks involving GI alone. Apparent differences in the evolution of different GI genotypes were noted. GI.2/GI.2, GI.2/GI.6, and GI.4/GI.4 strains tended to undergo periodic shifts in nucleotide sequence whereas various GI.3b/GI.3 strains tended to circulate simultaneously. J. Med. Virol. 84:1437–1448, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of quantitative RT‐PCR assays for detection of three classes of HHV‐6B gene transcripts
Authors: Ihira Masaru , Enomoto Yoshihiko , Kawamura Yoshiki , Nakai Hidetaka , Sugata Ken , Asano Yoshizo , Tsuzuki Motohiro , Emi Nobuhiko , Goto Tatsunori , Miyamura Koichi , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Kato Koji , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Kojima Seiji , Yoshikawa Tetsushi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe monitoring of active human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) B infection is important for distinguishing between the reactivation and latent state of the virus. The aim of this present study is to develop a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay for diagnosis of active viral infection. Primers and probes for in house quantitative RT‐PCR methods were designed to detect the three kinetic classes of HHV‐6B mRNAs (U90, U12, U100). Stored PBMCs samples collected from 10 patients with exanthem subitum (primary HHV‐6B infection) and 15 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with HHV‐6B reactivation were used to evaluate reliability for testing clinical samples. Excellent linearity was obtained with high correlation efficiency between the diluted RNA (1–100 ng/reaction) and Ct value of each gene transcript. The U90 and U12 gene transcripts were detected in all of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) samples collected in acute period of primary HHV‐6B infection. Only one convalescent PBMCs sample was positive for the U90 gene transcript. Additionally, the reliability of HHV‐6B quantitative RT‐PCRs for diagnosis of viral reactivation in hematopoietic transplant recipients was evaluated. Relative to virus culture, U90 quantitative RT‐PCR demonstrated the highest assay sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Thus, this method could be a rapid and lower cost alternative to virus culture, which is difficult to perform generally, for identifying active HHV‐6B infection. J. Med. Virol. 84:1388–1395, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coping with economic stress: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Klehe Ute‐Christine , van Vianen Annelies E. M. , Zikic Jelena 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThis special issue presents five papers, four empirical and one conceptual, on how people deal with different forms and stages of economic stress. Three manuscripts address coping with job insecurity in one's regular job or in the context of self‐employment. These papers focus on the multidimensional nature and the development of insecurity over time, personal and social resources, along with organizational interventions that are helpful in minimizing the aversive effects of insecurity. The remaining two papers address respondents' coping with unemployment and factors that may either motivate people to seek help and search for reemployment or that turn unemployed workers into discouraged workers who are giving up in the face of their dire situation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nest success and hatchling survival of American alligators within inland wetlands of east Texas
Authors: Saalfeld David T. , Conway Warren C. , Calkins Gary E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBecause of liberalization of American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) harvest management in Texas, estimates of nest success and hatchling survival for inland populations are essential for long‐term, sustainable population and harvest management. To date, few studies have examined American alligator nest success and hatchling survival. We initiated a 3‐year study from 2006 to 2008 to document alligator nest success and hatchling survival within several wetlands in east Texas. From June 2006 to August 2008, we located 30 nests from 3 wetlands within east Texas, where overall nest success was 44.2% (95% CI = 25.1–63.1%), irrespective of year. Nest circumference and day during the nesting season exerted the greatest influence on nest success. Additionally, from August 2006 to August 2008 we captured, marked, and released 271 hatchling alligators at Little Sandy National Wildlife Refuge, and recaptured an additional 192 hatchling alligators during this time. We estimated yearly apparent survival at 6.0% (95% CI = 2.0–14.6%) for hatchling alligators born in 2006 and 43.0% (95% CI = 28.4–57.8%) for those hatched in 2007. Variation in nest success and hatchling survival was likely attributed to fluctuating water levels and habitat management practices. Alligator harvest regulations need to account for variability in nest success and hatchling survival by including site‐specific estimates of these metrics into harvest models. Failing to account for spatial and temporal variation in nest success and hatchling survival may result in unsustainable harvest and/or overharvest. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Overwintering sparrow use of field borders planted as beneficial insect habitat
Authors: Plush Charles J. , Moorman Christopher E. , Orr David B. , Reberg‐Horton Chris 
Published: July 2012

AbstractField borders are an effective conservation strategy for providing habitat to overwintering sparrows, and may be a venue through which beneficial insect populations are promoted. However, traditional fallow field borders lack sufficient pollen and nectar sources required to sustain beneficial insect populations; therefore, borders planted to a mix of native prairie flowers and grasses may be needed if increases in beneficial insect populations are desired. Although the value of fallow borders to birds has been established, little is known about bird use of beneficial insect habitats. Using single‐observer transect surveys, we compared overwintering sparrow densities among 4 field border treatments (planted native warm season grasses and prairie flowers, planted prairie flowers only, fallow, and mowed) replicated around 9 organic crop fields from November to March 2009–2010 and 2010–2011. Sparrow densities were 5–10 times lower in mowed borders than in other border treatments in 2009–2010 and 2010–2011, but did not differ among planted and fallow borders in either year. Planted field borders may be a useful conservation practice for providing habitat for both overwintering sparrows and beneficial insects. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Reducing the load: The evolution and management of obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis before liver transplantation
Authors: Watt Kymberly D. 
Published: July 2012

Key Points
1. Obesity is common in patients with end-stage liver disease of any cause.
2. Obesity is associated with comorbidities that can affect liver transplant candidacy, such as metabolic syndrome (diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension), cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disorders (related to obstructive sleep apnea), renal dysfunction, and malignancies.
3. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the only indication for transplantation that is increasing in frequency, and it may soon become the leading indication.
4. There is no set body mass index above which liver transplantation is contraindicated. Transplant candidacy and outcomes depend on the cumulative comorbidities of the individual patient.
5. Weight loss is an important component of metabolic syndrome management and is recommended before liver transplantation.
6. Bariatric surgery may be considered in carefully selected patients with well-compensated cirrhosis but is not recommended in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Liver Transpl 18:S-S, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.
Eigenvalue and singular value estimates for integral operators: a unifying approach
Authors: Menegatto V. A. , Oliveira C. P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe consider integral operators generated by square integrable kernels on an abstract measure space. Under smoothness assumptions defined by the action of a convenient multiplier‐like operator on the kernel, we deduce decay rates for either the eigenvalues or the singular values of the integral operator. The setting is an abstract framework which encompasses classical cases that have appeared in different sources in the literature.
Cryogenic forming of AA7075 by Equal‐Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: Fritsch S. , Scholze M. , Wagner M.F.‐X. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAs high strength aluminum alloys are generally hard to deform, the application of conventional severe plastic deformation methods, which in principle allow the generation of ultra fine grained microstructures and increasing strength, is limited. In this study, cryogenic ECAP deformation as an alternative approach to deform a 7075 alloy is explored. Here, a tool with an internal angle of 90° is used. We demonstrate that cryogenic ECAP (followed by suitable heat treatments) results in increases of the degree of deformation, strength and ductility. Moreover, we present first results on the effect of cryogenic ECAP on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the 7075 alloy that demonstrate the potential of cryogenic forming to produce improved properties of high‐strength aluminum alloys.
Influence of the process parameters on the forming result in indirect extrusion of semi‐finished products of aluminum‐magnesium compounds
Authors: Neugebauer R. , Porstmann S. , Glaß R. , Popp M. , Zachäus R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAufbauend auf vorangegangenen Erstversuchen zur Herstellung von Al‐Mg‐Verbundhalbzeugen durch indirektes Strangpressen [9] wurde das Untersuchungsprogramm erweitert und vertieft. Neben der Variation von Prozessparametern werden Analogversuche zur Untersuchung intermetallischer Phasen vorgestellt. In den erweiterten Versuchsreihen werden der Einfluss einer neuen Schmiermittelkombination, der Ausgangstemperatur des Pressbolzens und einer integrierten Abkühlstrecke auf die Verbundqualität und Strangoberfläche untersucht. Ein zentraler Aspekt der Verbunderzeugung ist die Ausbildung intermetallischer Phasen. Zur vertieften Untersuchung von Entstehung, Verteilung und Eigenschaften dieser Phasen wurden Verbunde durch Diffusionslöten erzeugt. Mit diesem Verfahren werden die Effekte der inhomogenen Oberflächenvergrößerung, die bei der umformenden Verbunderzeugung auftreten können, ausgeschlossen. Weiterhin ist eine wesentlich leichtere Einbringung von Zwischenschichten möglich, die erheblichen Einfluss auf die intermetallische Phasenbildung haben. Die Reproduzierbarkeit der durch indirektes Strangpressen hergestellten Stoffverbunde zwischen der untersuchten Aluminium‐ und Magnesiumlegierung kann gewährleistet werden. Das Prozessfenster, in dem vollständig verbundene Stranghalbzeuge entstehen, ist sehr klein. Die Gewährleistung gleichbleibender tribologischen Verhältnisse während der Umformung ist dabei von besonderer Bedeutung.