bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lexical use in spoken New Englishes and Learner Englishes
Authors: Gilquin Gaëtanelle 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter, set within the framework of constrained communication, investigates the linguistic effects,
in terms of lexical use, of a number of shared and distinct communicative constraints that are thought to play a role in New
Englishes and Learner Englishes. Relying on corpora of spoken Hong Kong English (HKE) and Mainland Chinese English (MCE), as
well as native British English as a reference, it adopts a twofold methodology combining automatic measures of lexical
complexity and a manual examination of lexical choices in a picture description task. The vocabulary used by HKE speakers
appears to be more varied and sophisticated than that of MCE speakers, but otherwise the two groups display similar traces of
potential L1 influence and employ the same strategies to compensate for limitations on proficiency. Native speakers’
vocabulary tends to be less complex and less formal, which is explained by their better stylistic awareness and possibly their
lower task expertise.
Characterization methods on moisture-enabled power generator: mechanism, parameters and applications
Authors: Fu Chunqiao , Lu Xulei , Yang Tingting 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Moisture, such as water vapor or mist found in natural environments, contains enormous amounts of energy. Moisture-enabled power generator (MEG) provides a new way to efficiently harness the energy contained in moisture by exploiting the interaction between water molecules and nanostructures. Functional materials are important components of generators, and in-depth analyses of their structure, morphology, and mass-transfer characteristics are a reliable basis for understanding the principles of power generation and improving device design. At the same time, performance is the most important parameter of the generator, which directly reflects the strengths and weaknesses of the generator and determines the possible applications of the device. This review provides a general overview of performance characterizations of MEGs and characterization methods of functional materials, and attempts to establish the relationship between power generation principle-material structure-mass transfer characteristics-device performance-application. The first part briefly summarizes the mechanism of MEGs. The second part provides a comprehensive discussion of various characterization methods for functional materials. The third part focuses on the representation and calculation methods of performance parameters of MEGs. The last part highlights current challenges and prospects.
Which CAP components are relevant for enhancing dermal microcirculation in intact skin?
Authors: Borchardt Thomas , Grams Ole , Emmert Steffen , Viöl Wolfgang , Helmke Andreas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been shown to be beneficial in various medical fields such as wound healing, oncology or dentistry. A prominent effect induced by CAP is the boost of microcirculation in human skin tissue. Being a complex cocktail of physical and chemically reactive components, the mechanisms by which CAP enhances microcirculation still remain unclear. Thus, this study aims to identify relevant CAP components involved in stimulation of dermal microcirculation. In a comparative approach, the application of the same CAP source was modified in such a way that three different treatment modalities could be realized, each with a characteristic composition of electrical current flow and concentration of reactive species. Microcirculation parameters oxygen saturation (StO2), tissue hemoglobin index, near-infrared perfusion index and tissue water index were recorded before and after each treatment on the lateral proximal left arm of 10 healthy volunteers by means of hyperspectral imaging. The maximum microcirculatory response to CAP was observed when all components were allowed to interact with skin tissue (standard treatment). In contrast, no upregulation was found as soon as electric currents and fields had been removed from the effective component spectrum. Application of the CAP source at reduced concentrations of reactive species compared to standard treatment led to significant but less pronounced enhancement of dermal microcirculation. The findings of this study indicate that a synergistic interplay of all CAP components promotes microcirculation in dermal tissue most effectively. Moreover, the findings support the hypothesis that electric currents and fields play a key role in enabling microcirculation boost whereas availability of reactive species in the gas phase is associated with the intensity of the tissue response to CAP treatment.
Experimental investigation on magnetically controlled air arc oscillation characteristics for DC interruption
Authors: Zhang Yushi , Wu Yi , Sun Hao , Wu Yifei , Liu Tianxiao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
With the development of the direct current (DC) power grid, the research of the forced current zero techniques in DC circuit breakers is of vital importance. Through applying an external alternating transverse magnetic field to an air arc confined by insulating walls, the arc can oscillate in a specific pattern, which is defined as ‘magnetically controlled arc oscillation’ in this article. The air arc oscillation characteristics are investigated through arc voltage spectrum analysis and arc motion captured by a high-speed camera. It can be found that the arc motion can be divided into a gliding process and a stretching process. The arc voltage oscillates at a particular frequency, which is nearly twice the magnetic field frequency. The basic arc oscillation pattern can be described from the aspects of arc voltage, arc column length and arc root velocity. Furthermore, this article proposes a DC breaking scheme based on the investigated magnetically controlled air arc oscillation characteristics. The forced current zero crossing point can be created in the resonant process between the oscillated air arc and the parallel-connected inductance-capacitance (LC) commutation path. Based on the proposed DC breaking scheme, interruption experiments are carried out, and it is observed that a current of 4.2 kA can be interrupted within several milliseconds. The feasibility of DC interruption based on magnetically controlled arc oscillation has been proved.
Perturbative versus non-perturbative renormalization
Authors: Hariharakrishnan S , Jentschura U D , Márián I G , Szabó K , Nándori I 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Approximated functional renormalization group (FRG) equations lead to regulator-dependent β-functions, in analogy to the scheme-dependence of the perturbative renormalization group (pRG) approach. A scheme transformation redefines the couplings to relate the β-functions of the FRG method with an arbitrary regulator function to the pRG ones obtained in a given scheme. Here, we consider a periodic sine-Gordon scalar field theory in d = 2 dimensions and show that the relation of the FRG and pRG approaches is intricate. Although both the FRG and the pRG methods are known to be sufficient to obtain the critical frequency

β

c

2

=
8
π

of the model independently of the choice of the regulator and the renormalization scheme, we show that one has to go beyond the standard pRG method (e.g. using an auxiliary mass term) or the Coulomb-gas representation in order to obtain the β-function of the wave function renormalization. This aspect makes the scheme transformation non-trivial. Comparing flow equations of the two-dimensional sine-Gordon theory without any scheme-transformation, i.e. redefinition of couplings, we find that the auxiliary mass pRG β-functions of the minimal subtraction scheme can be recovered within the FRG approach with the choice of the power-law regulator with b = 2, which therefore constitutes a preferred choice for the comparison of FRG and pRG flows.
Advances in metal-organic framework-based nanozymes in ROS scavenging medicine
Authors: Xu Zhong , Chen Liang , Luo Yan , Wei Yan-Mei , Wu Ning-Yuan , Luo Lan-Fang , Wei Yong-Biao , Huang Jin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in regulating various physiological functions in the human body, however, excessive ROS can cause serious damage to the human body, considering the various limitations of natural enzymes as scavengers of ROS in the body, the development of better materials for the scavenging of ROS is of great significance to the biomedical field, and nanozymes, as a kind of nanomaterials which can show the activity of natural enzymes. Have a good potential for the development in the area of ROS scavenging. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are porous crystalline materials with a periodic network structure composed of metal nodes and organic ligands, have been developed with a variety of active nanozymes including catalase-like, superoxide dismutase-like, and glutathione peroxidase-like enzymes due to the adjustability of active sites, structural diversity, excellent biocompatibility, and they have shown a wide range of applications and prospects. In the present review, we first introduce three representative natural enzymes for ROS scavenging in the human body, methods for the detection of relevant enzyme-like activities and mechanisms of enzyme-like clearance are discussed, meanwhile, we systematically summarize the progress of the research on MOF-based nanozymes, including the design strategy, mechanism of action, and medical application, etc. Finally, the current challenges of MOF-based nanozymes are summarized, and the future development direction is anticipated. We hope that this review can contribute to the research of MOF-based nanozymes in the medical field related to the scavenging of ROS.
Synthesis of Au@Ag core-shell nanorods with tunable optical properties
Authors: Miryousefi Navid , Varmazyad Mahboubeh , Ghasemi Forough 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The synthesis of noble metal nanostructures with adjustable optical properties is essential due to their potential applications in various fields such as imaging, (bio) sensors, and catalysis. In this study, Au@Ag core-shell nanorods were synthesized with tunable optical properties. The synthesis process includes a two-stage approach: first, gold nanorods were synthesized through seed-mediated growth, and in the second stage, these gold nanorods were used as seeds to synthesize Au@Ag core-shell nanorods through the silver deposition process. Tunable core-shell nanorods were produced by changing the concentration of silver ions, reducing agent, stabilizing agent, seeds, and buffer as well as pH and the reaction time. Transmission electron microscopy images demonstrated the formation of the Au@Ag core-shell nanorod structure. In addition, UV-visible spectroscopy revealed the peak height and its shift towards shorter wavelengths, demonstrating the tunable optical properties of the synthesized nanorods. Overall, in this study, we demonstrated the synthesis of Au@Ag core-shell nanorods with adjustable plasmonic optical properties that could be changed by precisely controlling the thickness of the silver shell on the surface of the gold core.
The horizontal magnetic primitive equations approximation of the anisotropic MHD equations in a thin 3D domain
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Wenjun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we give a rigorous justification for the derivation of the primitive equations with only horizontal viscosity and magnetic diffusivity (PEHM) as the small aspect ratio limit of the incompressible three-dimensional scaled horizontal viscous magnetohydrodynamics (SHMHD) equations. Choosing an aspect ratio parameter

ε
∈
(
0
,
∞
)

, we consider the case that if the orders of the horizontal and vertical viscous coefficients µ and ν are

μ
=
O
(
1
)

and

ν
=
O
(

ε
α

)

, and the orders of magnetic diffusion coefficients κ and σ are

κ
=
O
(
1
)

and

σ
=
O
(

ε
α

)

, with α > 2, then the limiting system is the PEHM as ɛ goes to zero. For

H
1

-initial data, we prove that the global weak solutions of the SHMHD equations converge strongly to the local-in-time strong solutions of the PEHM, as ɛ tends to zero. For

H
1

-initial data with additional regularity

(

∂
z

A
~

0

,

∂
z

B
~

0

)
∈

L
p

(
Ω
)
(
2
<
p
<
∞
)

, we slightly improve the well-posed result in Cao et al (2017 J. Funct. Anal.
272 4606–41) to extend the local-in-time strong convergences to the global-in-time one. For

H
2

-initial data, we show that the global-in-time strong solutions of the SHMHD equations converge strongly to the global-in-time strong solutions of the PEHM, as ɛ goes to zero. Moreover, the rate of convergence is of the order

O
(

ε

γ

/

2

)

, where

γ
=
min
{
2
,
α
−
2
}

with

α
∈
(
2
,
∞
)

. It should be noted that in contrast to the case α > 2, the case α = 2 has been investigated by Du and Li in (2022 arXiv:2208.01985), in which they consider the primitive equations with magnetic field (PEM) and the rate of global-in-time convergences is of the order

O
(
ε
)

.
Emergence of two-fold non-Hermitian spectral topology through synthetic spin engineering
Authors: Sarkar Ronika , Banerjee Ayan , Narayan Awadhesh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The union of topology and non-Hermiticity has led to the unveiling of many intriguing phenomena. We introduce a synthetic spin-engineered model belonging to symmetry class AI, which is a rare occurrence, and demonstrate the emergence of a multi-fold spectral topology. As an example of our proposal, we engineer non-Hermiticity in the paradigmatic Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model by introducing a generalized synthetic spin, leading to an emergent two-fold spectral topology that governs the decoupled behaviour of the corresponding non-Hermitian skin effect. As a consequence of the spin choice, our model exhibits a rich phase diagram consisting of distinct topological phases, which we characterize by introducing the notion of paired winding numbers, which, in turn, predict the direction of skin localization under open boundaries. We demonstrate that the choice of spin parameters enables control over the directionality of the skin effect, allowing for it to be unilateral or bilateral. Furthermore, we discover non-dispersive flat bands emerging within the inherent SSH model framework, arising from the spin-engineering approach. We also introduce a simplified toy model to capture the underlying physics of the emergent flat bands and direction-selective skin effect. As an illustration of experimental feasibility, we present a topoelectric circuit that faithfully emulates the underlying spin-engineered Hamiltonian, providing a viable platform for realizing our predicted effects. Our findings pave way for the exploration of unconventional spectral topology through spin-designed models.
A wide range oxygen sensing strategy with the collaboration of multiple phosphorescence probes
Authors: Wang Yongda , Sun Zhiyang , Peng Lixin , Kou Meng , Qin Feng , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A wide range oxygen measurement system with the relative measurement error of less than 1.5% across 4 orders of magnitude of oxygen dynamic range has been developed. We proposed a theoretical evaluation method of the measurement capability of oxygen probes, which points that the relative measurement error (δ) is equal to the reciprocal of the product of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and relative sensitivity (S
r). A minimum value point in the curve of δ with oxygen concentration is existing due to the opposite trends of SNR and S
r Based on the evaluation results, an oxygen probe group was selected scientifically for wide range oxygen measurement. The efficacy of the developed measurement system, featuring adaptive oxygen probe switching, was verified through testing, confirming its compliance with accuracy requirements for measurements.
Two Watts is all you need: enabling in-detector real-time machine learning for neutrino telescopes via edge computing
Authors: Jin Miaochen , Hu Yushi , Argüelles C.A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The use of machine learning techniques has significantly increased the physics discovery potential of neutrino telescopes.
In the upcoming years, we are expecting upgrades of currently existing detectors and new telescopes with novel experimental hardware, yielding more statistics as well as more complicated data signals.
This calls for an upgrade on the software side needed to handle this more complex data in a more efficient way.
Specifically, we seek low power and fast software methods to achieve real-time signal processing, where current machine learning methods are too expensive to be deployed in the resource-constrained regions where these experiments are located.
We present the first attempt at and a proof-of-concept for enabling machine learning methods to be deployed in-detector for water/ice neutrino telescopes via quantization and deployment on Google Edge Tensor Processing Units (TPUs).
We design a recursive neural network with a residual convolutional embedding and adapt a quantization process to deploy the algorithm on a Google Edge TPU.
This algorithm can achieve similar reconstruction accuracy compared with traditional GPU-based machine learning solutions while requiring the same amount of power compared with CPU-based regression solutions, combining the high accuracy and low power advantages and enabling real-time in-detector machine learning in even the most power-restricted environments.
Baseline design of laser fusion research reactor with MW class laser facility
Authors: Iwamoto Akifumi , Tanaka Masahiro , Shigemori Keisuke , Kodama Ryosuke 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We propose a sub-ignition/burning reactor which is named the Laser-fusion Subcritical Power Reactor Engineering Method (L-Supreme). The reliabilities of L-Supreme in a MW class laser facility are assessed with respect to the following points: a reactor core, a target chamber, a target delivery system, an Exhaust Detritiation System (EDS), and neutron shielding. The Japan Establishment for Power-laser Community Harvest (J-EPoCH) would be applied as a MW class laser facility. A non-cryogenic glass balloon target filled with gaseous deuterium-tritium (DT) is contained in a target capsule. A chain-type magazine system might be used for a mass supply of the target capsules. Each target capsule is delivered to the center of a reactor core at 1 Hz. A batch of 10 000 laser shots would realize 0.22 MJ fusion power. The amount of tritium per batch is 1.51 × 1012 Bq. During laser experiments, unburned tritium is evacuated and transferred into an Exhaust Detritiation System (EDS). An evacuation rate of more than 0.1 m3 s−1 is required in order to recover less than 5000 Bq m−3 of the threshold of tritium concentration within 1 h. For safety, emergency situations such as tritium leakage in facilities are examined. The EDS works by internal circulation processes. Assuming leakage of tritium for a batch, an air circulation flow rate of 4100 Nm3 h−1 is required in an experimental hall for recovering less than 5000 Bq m−3 within 48 h. A primary and secondary neutron shield concept are proposed and would provide full neutron shielding. We conclude that it is possible to construct the L-Supreme system by marshalling current technologies.
Evaluation of Subseasonal-to-Seasonal (S2S) precipitation forecast performance from NMME-2 over Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha D , Syahputra M R , Abdillah M R , Suwarman R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Global Subseasonal-to-Seasonal (S2S) precipitation forecast was known to bridge the gap between weather and seasonal forecast, can be utilized as supporting information for decision-making related to hydrometeorological disaster mitigation activities. However, uncertainty in global models caused forecast performance can be different across regions and time periods. Therefore, it is important to evaluate forecast performance before utilizing the prediction result in any region. In this study, performance of probabilistic precipitation forecast from Multi-model Ensemble (MME) of three models in The North American Multi-Model Ensemble phase 2 (NMME-2) project was evaluated in Indonesia region based on two evaluation metrics: continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) and reliability diagram. The evaluation was conducted during the boreal summer (May–October) and boreal winter (November–April) periods, as well as during the active period of subseasonal climate variability phenomenon Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). Our result shows that S2S precipitation forecast from MME of CFSv2, CanCM4 and GEOS5 models are sufficiently accurate and reliable during the boreal summer period for Central Sumatra, Southern Sumatra, Southern Kalimantan, Java, Southern Sulawesi, and Southern Papua regions, with a range of CRPS values between 4-16 mm/7 days and a ‘perfect’ reliability category. There is no notable distinction in the performance of S2S precipitation forecast between the active and inactive events of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). The difference in CRPS values between these two periods is only around 0.8-1.2 mm/7 days, and there is no difference in reliability categories across Indonesia as a whole, nor significant spatial pattern differences.
The Observation Current of Cirebon Waters in 2022
Authors: Budiono E M , Bernawis L I , Nurfitri S , Radjawane I M , Rachmayani R , Badriana M R , Hidayatullah A I , Nur A A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The waters of Cirebon are located in the Java Sea, characterized as a relatively shallow open bay, serving as a small basin that receives numerous river flows from Java and Kalimantan islands. This research aims to analyze the seasonal distribution patterns of surface ocean currents in the Cirebon waters. Data was collected in May (transitional season I), July (east monsoon season), and October (transitional season II) of 2022 at 12 stations scattered across the open bay of Cirebon. The velocity and direction of the currents were measured using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) installed on the research ship. The results showed that the currents predominantly moved towards the northwest during the transitional season I and east monsoon season, while during transitional season II, they predominantly moved northward by the seasonal wind patterns. The strongest average current velocity occurred during the east monsoon season (0.082 m/s), followed by transitional season II (0.064 m/s), and the slowest in transitional season I (0.047 m/s). Additionally, the comparison between observation data and surface data from Marine Copernicus indicated a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value of 0.037.
The Abundance of Marine Plastic Debris in Indonesia’s Ocean
Authors: Winardi E A , Putri M R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Plastic waste is a global problem expected to increase with population growth. An estimated 275 million metric tons per year of plastic waste are produced globally. Indonesia has the fourth largest population in the world and makes the most plastic waste. Indonesia’s government plans to reduce plastic waste by 70% by 2025. This scientific paper aims to show the amount of plastic production in Indonesia. The linear regression approach of the national marine plastic leakage trend from 2018 to 2022, it can be predicted that plastic waste leakage in 2025 will reach 0.228 million tons. The prediction of plastic waste leakage in 2025 states that Indonesia has gained 62.92%, which means that Indonesia has yet to achieve its goals by Presidential Regulation No. 83/2018. However, the leakage of marine plastic waste is predicted to have a value that will reach 0 by 2029, so it can be expected that Indonesia will become a country free of marine plastic waste in 2045. In addition, there is still a need for action to overcome plastic waste that has entered the marine environment and cooperation with countries to make Indonesia’s seas accessible to plastic waste.