bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NudCL2 is required for cytokinesis by stabilizing RCC2 with Hsp90 at the midbody
Authors: Xu Xiaoyang , Huang Yuliang , Yang Feng , Sun Xiaoxia , Lin Rijin , Feng Jiaxing , Yang Mingyang , Shao Jiaqi , Liu Xiaoqi , Zhou Tianhua , Xie Shanshan , Yang Yuehong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cytokinesis is required for faithful division of cytoplasmic components and duplicated nuclei into two daughter cells. Midbody, a protein-dense organelle that forms at the intercellular bridge, is indispensable for successful cytokinesis. However, the regulatory mechanism of cytokinesis at the midbody still remains elusive. Here, we unveil a critical role for NudC-like protein 2 (NudCL2), a co-chaperone of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), in cytokinesis regulation by stabilizing regulator of chromosome condensation 2 (RCC2) at the midbody in mammalian cells. NudCL2 localizes at the midbody, and its downregulation results in cytokinesis failure, multinucleation, and midbody disorganization. Using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis, we find that RCC2 levels are decreased in NudCL2 knockout (KO) cells. Moreover, Hsp90 forms a complex with NudCL2 to stabilize RCC2, which is essential for cytokinesis. RCC2 depletion mirrors phenotypes observed in NudCL2-downregulated cells. Importantly, ectopic expression of RCC2 rescues the cytokinesis defects induced by NudCL2 deletion, but not vice versa. Together, our data reveal the significance of the NudCL2/Hsp90/RCC2 pathway in cytokinesis at the midbody.
Identifying giant cell arteritis patients with higher risk of relapse and vascular events: a cluster analysis
Authors: Guédon A F , Froger C , Agard C , Bénichou A , Le Jeune S , Mekinian A , Morard M , Skaff Y , De Boysson H , Espitia O 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is one of the most common large vessel (LVV) vasculitis and is associated with a high risk of relapse and cardiovascular complications. Improving risk stratification remains a significant issue in this patient population. We aimed to perform a cluster analysis among GCA to identify clusters and evaluate their prognostic value.

Methods
In a multicenter cohort study, we performed hierarchical cluster analysis on the factor analysis of mixed data coordinates results with 283 GCA patients’ characteristics to generate clusters and assess incidence of relapse, cardiovascular events and death.

Results
Three clusters were identified: ‘Vascular relapsing profile’ (23.0%), ‘Typical GCA profile’ (47.7%) and ‘Ophthalmologic elderly profile’ (29.3%). The ‘Vascular relapsing profile’ cluster included younger patients with more frequent relapses and cardiovascular events, particularly thoracic aortic aneurysms. The ‘Typical GCA profile’ was the largest, with classic cranial manifestations and frequently associated polymyalgia rheumatica. The ‘Ophthalmologic elderly profile’ had the oldest patients with more visual loss and the highest mortality rate.

Conclusions
Our findings underline the varied prognostic landscape within GCA, emphasizing the poor cardiovascular prognosis of younger patients with LV involvement and the higher mortality among elderly patients. This reinforces the need for further research regarding the screening of aortic abnormalities and whether those patients might benefit from intensive treatment with biotherapy and cardiovascular risk factors management.
The practicalities of a partial lottery to allocate research funding
Authors: van der Meer Martijn , Antheunis Marjolijn L , Haverkort Boudewijn R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article explores the practical dimension of organizing a partial lottery as an alternative funding allocation mechanism in academic institutions. Following an assessment of the recent literature that presents criticism of traditional ranking-based system derived from academic peer assessment and the need for improved decision-making procedures in research funding, we highlight four key arguments for organizing a partial lottery: improved decision quality (more fair, transparent, and divers), an alternative to ranking-based selection, prevention of questionable research practices, and increased efficiency. Based on our observations from a lottery-based ‘seed money call’ at Tilburg University, we provide insights into the organization and implementation of a lottery procedure, including the criteria for proposal eligibility, the administrative process, and the weighting mechanism based on budget categories. We furthermore share six lessons we learned that might be useful for future implementation in other institutional contexts, emphasizing the need for transparency, external supervision, and pre-registration of the lottery procedure to ensure trust and minimize gaming. As such, we not only contribute to the ongoing conceptual discussion about improving funding allocation mechanisms in academia. Our article also offers an account of how partial lotteries could be put into practice.
Rapid assessment of cosmic radiation exposure in aviation based on BP neural network method
Authors: Wang Biao , Fang Meihua , Song Dingyi , Cheng Jianfei , Wu Kang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCosmic radiation exposure is one of the important health concerns for aircrews. In this work, we constructed a back propagation neural network model for the real-time and rapid assessment of cosmic radiation exposure to the public in aviation. The multi-dimensional dataset for this neural network was created from modeling the process of cosmic ray transportation in magnetic field by geomagnetic cutoff rigidity method and air shower simulation by a Monte Carlo based Geant4 code. The dataset was characterized by parameters including cosmic ray energy spectrum, Kp-index, coordinated universal time, altitude, latitude, and longitude. The effective dose and dose rate was finally converted from the particle fluxes at flight position by the neural network. This work shows a good agreement with other models from International Civil Aviation Organization. It is also illustrated that the effective dose rate by galactic cosmic ray is &lt;10 μSv h−1 and the value during ground level enhancement (GLE) 42 is 4 ~ 10 times larger on the routes calculated in this work. In GLE 69, the effective dose rate reaches several mSv h−1 in the polar region. Based on this model, a real-time warning system is achieved.
Differentiating neural sensitivity and bias during face-emotion processing in youth: a computational approach
Authors: Haller Simone P , Stoddard Joel , Cardenas Sofia I , Dombek Kelly , MacGillivray Caroline , Botz-Zapp Christian , Bui Hong N. T , Stavish Caitlin M , Kircanski Katharina , Jones Matt , Brotman Melissa A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The ability to interpret face-emotion displays is critical for the development of adaptive social interactions. Using a novel variant of a computational model and fMRI data, we examined behavioral and neural associations between two metrics of face-emotion labeling (sensitivity and bias) and age in youth. Youth and adults (n = 44, M age = 20.02, s.d. = 7.44, range = 8–36) completed an explicit face-emotion labeling fMRI task including happy to angry morphed face emotions. A drift-diffusion model was applied to choice and reaction time distributions to examine sensitivity and bias in interpreting face emotions. Model fit and reliability of parameters were assessed on adult data (n = 42). Linear and quadratic slopes modeled brain activity associated with dimensions of face-emotion valence and ambiguity during interpretation. Behaviorally, age was associated with sensitivity. The bilateral anterior insula exhibited a more pronounced neural response to ambiguity with older age. Associations between sensitivity and bias metrics and activation patterns indicated that systems encoding face-emotion valence and ambiguity both contribute to the ability to discriminate face emotions. The current study provides evidence for age-related improvement in perceptual sensitivity to facial affect across adolescence and young adulthood.
Meeting report: microbes as safeguards of the environment
Authors: Ramos Juan L , de Lorenzo Víctor , López Puri 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
From 12 to 14 March, a gathering of microbiologists and biotechnologists convened at the International University of Andalucía (UNIA) in Baeza (Jaén, Spain) under the auspices of UNIA and the Applied Microbiology International (AMI) Society. The primary objective of this meeting was to analyse the pivotal role microbes play in sustaining our planet in a broader context—both from the descriptive (what is the state of affairs) and the prescriptive perspective (what to do and look for regarding activities of interest). The workshop focused on exploring the ecological aspects of microbes in soil and water, including some extreme environments, the potential of microorganisms as promoters of plant growth and biocontrol agents as well as active large-scale catalysts for environmental health. Various topics were examined in this context, encompassing the application of microbes as platforms for the biosynthesis of value-added chemicals, bioremediation technologies, the concept of the circular economy, the emergence of zoonotic concerns within a dynamically changing global environment, and the role of microbes in precision nutrition and precision medicine. In alignment with the strategic plan of AMI, the discussion was focused on the background of the United Nations Sustainability Development Goals (UN SDGs). These targets were formulated at the beginning of the past decade to guide humanity towards a sustainable future. The UN SDGs aim to prevent the overstepping of planetary boundaries, which are endangering Earth’s biodiversity and even human survival.
Effect of acidosis in the late-finishing phase on rumen fermentation in feedlot steers
Authors: Linder Haley F , Berger Larry L , McCann Joshua C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of induced acidosis in the late-finishing phase on rumen fermentation in feedlot steers. Eleven ruminally cannulated steers (body weight [BW] = 795 kg ± 54) were blocked into two groups based on initial BW. For 195 d prior to the start of the study, cattle were consuming a basal finishing diet (60% dry-rolled corn, 15% modified distillers grains, 15% corn silage, and 10% ground corn-based supplement). Steers were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments: control (CON), or induced acidosis (ACD). Both treatments were fasted for 24 h then fed the basal finishing diet. Steers on the ACD treatment received 0.05% of BW of wheat starch via rumen cannula at 0800 and 2000 hours on day 1 and ad libitum refeeding following the fast. On days 1 and 2, CON steers were provided 25% of allotted feed every 6 h. Rumen fluid was collected every 4 h during the challenge period (hours 0 to 48), and 0, 6, and 12 h after feeding during the recovery period (hours 54 to 96). Rumen fluid was analyzed for pH, ammonia, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and lactate. Fecal grab samples were collected every 8 h to determine fecal pH. A treatment × day interaction (P = 0.03) was observed for dry matter intake during the challenge period with steers on the ACD treatments consuming more on day 1 than CON steers. Intake was not different on day 2 (P = 0.88). A treatment × hour effect (P &lt; 0.01) was observed for ruminal pH during the challenge period with the ACD steers having a lesser pH than CON from hours 12 to 32. Duration of time below a pH of 5.6 during the challenge period was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for ACD steers than CON. During the challenge period, a treatment × time interaction (P = 0.04) was observed for total VFA concentration with ACD steers having greater total VFA concentration from hours 12 to 36. Acetate to propionate ratio (A:P) was affected by treatment × hour (P = 0.04) with CON steers having greater A:P from hours 28 to 48. Rumen ammonia and lactate concentrations did not differ (P ≥ 0.25) between treatments or the interaction with time. Challenge and recovery period fecal pH were not affected (P ≥ 0.13) by treatment, time, or their interaction. Recovery period ruminal pH was not different (P = 0.99) between treatments. For the recovery period, total VFA and ammonia concentration were not affected by treatment, time, or their interaction (P ≥ 0.07). Ruminal pH and VFA were affected in the initial 48 h of induced acidosis in the late-finishing phase.
Scaling and sustaining research tested interventions: Lessons learned from Rhode Island Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration 3.0
Authors: Darling Katherine E , Evans Erin Whitney , Elwy Anashua Rani , Klinepier Kelly , Jelalian Elissa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Childhood obesity is a significant health problem associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes. Although evidence-based family healthy weight programs (FHWPs), such as JOIN for ME, have been developed, there is a significant lag before these are disseminated more broadly. This study outlines the process of participating in the Speeding Research-tested Interventions (SPRINT) program, highlighting lessons learned, to increase the reach of a previously tested and efficacious FHWP, JOIN for ME. Qualitative interviews were conducted with policymakers, benefits providers, employers, philanthropists, community stakeholders, and medical providers to iteratively test the developed JOIN for ME business model and identify themes regarding effective scaling and sustainability of an evidence-based FHWP. Rapid qualitative analysis of 45 interviews identified four key themes regarding scaling of an FHWP. These were (i) virtual program delivery, (ii) focus on equity, (iii) return on investment, and (iv) tie-in to local community. The process of engaging stakeholders from multiple backgrounds is critical to refining an efficacious program to ensure scalability and sustainment. The SPRINT process allows researchers to understand the marketplace for evidence-based interventions and develop adaptations for sustaining and scaling research tested programs.
Integrative taxonomic revision of the African thicket rats (Murinae: Grammomys): how genomics decreases the number of currently recognized species
Authors: Bryja Josef , Kerbis Peterhans Julian C , Lavrenchenko Leonid A , Nicolas Violaine , Denys Christiane , Bryjová Anna , Šumbera Radim , Mikula Ondřej 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Thicket rats of the genus Grammomys are partly arboreal rodents distributed across a large part of sub-Saharan Africa. Previous work showed that their highest diversity is in forests and woodlands of Eastern Africa, that the evolutionary history of the genus roughly mirrors the evolution of African forests, and that the currently delimited species (names) do not correspond to major genetic clades. We used thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms to perform phylogenomic analysis and to delimit genomic pools (i.e. candidate biological species). The resulting molecular operational taxonomic units were then compared with the most comprehensive sets of other available data (mitochondrial DNA variability, ecological requirements, morphology, karyotypes, sequences from the type material, etc.) and used for an integrative solution to the taxonomy of the genus. Our revision delimited seven species, which is less than the 12 recognized in the most recent literature on African rodents. We conclude that the African thicket rats represent a classic example of challenging problems in current integrative taxonomy. It is now relatively easy to obtain genomic data and to delimit candidate species, but it is much more complicated to give them species names using the valid rules of zoological nomenclature.
Liver‐specific deletion of de novo DNA methyltransferases protects against glucose intolerance in high‐fat diet‐fed male mice
Authors: Yao S. , Prates K. , Freydenzon A. , Assante G. , McRae A. F. , Morris M. J. , Youngson N. A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlterations to gene transcription and DNA methylation are a feature of many liver diseases including fatty liver disease and liver cancer. However, it is unclear whether the DNA methylation changes are a cause or a consequence of the transcriptional changes. It is even possible that the methylation changes are not required for the transcriptional changes. If DNA methylation is just a minor player in, or a consequence of liver transcriptional change, then future studies in this area should focus on other systems such as histone tail modifications. To interrogate the importance of de novo DNA methylation, we generated mice that are homozygous mutants for both Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in post‐natal liver. These mice are viable and fertile with normal sized livers. Males, but not females, showed increased adipose depots, yet paradoxically, improved glucose tolerance on both control diet and high‐fat diets (HFD). Comparison of the transcriptome and methylome with RNA sequencing and whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing in adult hepatocytes revealed that widespread loss of methylation in CpG‐rich regions in the mutant did not induce loss of homeostatic transcriptional regulation. Similarly, extensive transcriptional changes induced by HFD did not require de novo DNA methylation. The improved metabolic phenotype of the Dnmt3a/3b mutant mice may be mediated through the dysregulation of a subset of glucose and fat metabolism genes which increase both glucose uptake and lipid export by the liver. However, further work is needed to confirm this.
Chaperone‐mediated autophagy protects the bone formation from excessive inflammation through PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Hang Kai , Wang YiBo , Bai JinWu , Wang ZhongXiang , Wu WeiLiang , Zhu WeiWei , Liu ShuangAi , Pan ZhiJun , Chen JianSong , Chen WenHao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMultiple regulatory mechanisms are in place to ensure the normal processes of bone metabolism, encompassing both bone formation and absorption. This study has identified chaperone‐mediated autophagy (CMA) as a critical regulator that safeguards bone formation from the detrimental effects of excessive inflammation. By silencing LAMP2A or HSCA8, we observed a hindrance in the osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in vitro. To further elucidate the role of LAMP2A, we generated LAMP2A gene knockdown and overexpression of mouse BMSCs (mBMSCs) using adenovirus. Our results showed that LAMP2A knockdown led to a decrease in osteogenic‐specific proteins, while LAMP2A overexpression favored the osteogenesis of mBMSCs. Notably, active‐β‐catenin levels were upregulated by LAMP2A overexpression. Furthermore, we found that LAMP2A overexpression effectively protected the osteogenesis of mBMSCs from TNF‐α, through the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β‐catenin pathway. Additionally, LAMP2A overexpression significantly inhibited osteoclast hyperactivity induced by TNF‐α. Finally, in a murine bone defect model, we demonstrated that controlled release of LAMP2A overexpression adenovirus by alginate sodium capsule efficiently protected bone healing from inflammation, as confirmed by imaging and histological analyses. Collectively, our findings suggest that enhancing CMA has the potential to safeguard bone formation while mitigating hyperactivity in bone absorption.
Dietary resilience of coral reef fishes to habitat degradation
Authors: Clever Friederike , Preziosi Richard F. , Nguyen Bryan , De Gracia Brígida , Quintero Helio , McMillan W. Owen , Altieri Andrew H. , O’Dea Aaron , Knowlton Nancy , Leray Matthieu 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThe ability of consumers to adjust their diet in response to resource shifts is a key mechanism allowing the persistence of populations and underlying species’ adaptive capacity. Yet on coral reefs, one of the marine habitats most vulnerable to global change, the extent to which species alter their diet remains poorly understood. Here, we integrated DNA-based gut content analyses (metabarcoding), otolith analysis, body condition, and field surveys to test how diet can mediate effects of habitat degradation on two invertivorous fishes:Chaetodon capistratus, a browser, andHypoplectrus puella, an active predator. Metabarcoding revealed significant dietary variation in both species across a habitat gradient. However, the response was more pronounced in the browser, whose diet was anthozoan-dominated on healthy reefs, whereas annelid-dominated on degraded reefs. We found reduced growth and body condition on degraded reefs in the browser but not the active predator. Our results reveal that dietary versatility can serve as a mechanism to cope with degraded environments, but that species differ as to whether these changes are sufficient to buffer from changes in habitat. We detected intraspecific dietary variation across sites that suggests food webs and energy flow differ at relatively small scales between healthy and degraded reefs.
Investigating Subpopulation Dynamics in Clonal CHO-K1 Cells with Single-Cell RNA Sequencing
Authors: Morina Luke B , Cao Haoyu Chris , Chen Alice , Kumar Swetha , McFarland Kevin S , Majewska Natalia I , Betenbaugh Michael J , Timp Winston 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are used to produce monoclonal antibodies and other biotherapeutics at industrial scale. Despite their ubiquitous nature in the biopharmaceutical industry, little is known about the behaviors of individual transfected clonal CHO cells. Most CHO cells are assessed on their ability to produce the protein of interest over time, known as their stability. But these CHO cells have primarily been studied in bulk, working under the assumption that these bulk samples are identical because of genetic clonality across the sample; however, this does not address other forms of cellular heterogeneity in these ostensibly clonal cells. It is possible these variable stability phenotypes reflect heterogeneity within the clonal samples. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on two clonal CHO-K1 cell populations with different stability phenotypes over a 90 day culture period. Our data showed that the instability of the unstable clone was due in part to the emergence of a low-producing subpopulation in the aged samples. This low-producing subpopulation did not exhibit markers of cellular stress which were expressed in the higher-producing populations. Further multiomic investigation should be performed to better characterize this heterogeneity.
Stomata: Gatekeepers of Uptake and Defense Priming by Green Leaf Volatiles in plants
Authors: Maleki Feizollah A. , Seidl-Adams Irmgard , Felton Gary W. , Kersch-Becker Mônica F. , Tumlinson James H. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTPlants adapt to balance growth-defense tradeoffs in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are released after biotic and abiotic stresses and function as damage-associated signals in plants. Although, GLVs enter plants primarily through stomata, the role of stomatal regulation on the kinetics of GLVs uptake remain largely unknown. Here, we illustrate the effect of stomatal closure on the timing and magnitude of GLVs uptake. We closed stomata by either exposing plants to darkness or applying abscisic acid, a phytohormone that closes the stomata in light. Then, we exposed maize seedlings toZ-3-hexen-1-oland compared the dynamic uptake ofZ-3-hexen-1-olunder different stomatal conditions. Additionally, we usedE-3-hexen-1-ol, an isomer ofZ-3-hexen-1-olnot made by maize, to exclude the role of internal GLVs in our assays. We demonstrate closed stomata effectively prevent GLVs entry into exposed plants, even at high concentrations. Furthermore, our findings indicate that reduced GLV uptake impairs GLVs-driven induction of sesquiterpenes biosynthesis, a group of GLV-inducible secondary metabolites, with or without herbivory. These results elucidate how stomata regulate the perception of GLV signals, thereby dramatically changing the plant responses to herbivory, particularly under water stress or dark conditions.We elucidate the role of stomata, small pores on plants’ leaf surface, in regulating the entry of green leaf volatiles, damage-associated signals, into plants, and thus influencing their signaling functions.