bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of creping pattern in tissue paper
Authors: Raunio Jukka-Pekka , Ritala Risto 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The key operation in tissue production is the creping at the Yankee cylinder. The tissue sheet is adhered to a Yankee cylinder and then detached from the surface with a blade. As a result a strong microstructure - crepe folds - is generated on the web. In this work the structure of creping pattern in CD and MD of tissue paper was studied. The samples available in this work consisted of bath tissue and towel grades. The significant difference between the samples was in the number of crepe folds. The tissue sheets were analyzed with an imaging system. The variation of crepe folds in images was studied in spatial frequency space through 2D Welch spectrum. It was noticed that the difference in creping pattern structure between the samples can be seen clearly in spectra. The creping pattern was simulated based on the creping pattern variation found from the Welch spectra of tissue paper images. The simulation was based on a set of sinusoidal terms representing several orientations and amplitudes. The amplitudes of sinusoidal terms located in regular grid in spectra were approximated with 2D normal distribution. Thus, the structure of creping pattern can be represented with three parameters originating from the deviations and location of 2D normal distribution. The creping pattern reconstructed with simulations contains the relevant features in the creping pattern of true tissue images.
Modeling and simulation of paperboard edge wicking
Authors: Mark Andreas , Edelvik Fredrik , Tryding Johan , Nyman Ulf , Amini Junis , Fredlund Mats , Rentzhog Maria , Glatt Erik , Rief Stefan , Wiegmann Andreas , Lai Ron , Martinsson Lars 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
When liquid packaging board is made aseptic in the filling machine the unsealed edges of the board are exposed to hydrogen peroxide. A high level of liquid penetration may lead to aesthetic as well as functional defects. To be able to make a priori predictions of the edge wicking properties of a certain paperboard material is therefore of great interest to paper industry as well as to packaging manufacturers. The aim of this paper is to present a new analytical theory for prediction of the edge wicking properties of paperboard. The theory is based on Darcy’s law and the ideal gas law to describe the physical behavior of water flow in paperboard. The theory is compared to a recently published multi-scale framework and with pressurized edge wick experiments. The agreement is very good for paperboard samples of different sizes. The conclusion from the work is that both analytical theory and detailed simulations are useful to predict edge wicking properties of paperboard material.
Edge-wicking: Micro-fluidics of two-dimensional liquid penetration into porous structures
Authors: Wiklund Hanna , Uesaka Tetsu 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We have performed free-energy-based two-dimensional lattice Boltzmann simulations of the penetration of liquid into the edge of a porous material. The purpose was to gain further insight into possible mechanisms involved in the penetration of liquid into the unsealed edges of paper and paper board. In order to identify the fundamental mechanisms we have focused on a model structure that consists of a network of interconnected capillaries. Two different mechanisms were identified: pinning at corners of solid surfaces and increased pressure in dead-end pores. These mechanisms significantly decelerate or even stop the liquid penetration into the porous structures.
Metal Phenolates as Polymerization Catalysts
Authors: Carpentier Jean‐François , Kirillov Evgeny , Sarazin Yann 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPhenolates represent versatile ligand scaffolds capable of stabilizing a large variety of both oxophilic metal centers and late transition elements. Over the past 50 years, they have played a prominent role in the rise of discrete metal complexes employed to promote, initiate and/or catalyze a variety of controlled homogeneous polymerization reactions. This chapter features a selection of the most remarkable metal phenolate complexes used in the polymerization of olefins, styrene and dienes, cyclic esters and (meth)acrylates. Coordination‐insertion polymerization reactions are emphasized, but other types of mechanisms are also treated. Specifically highlighted are catalytic systems where the phenolate ligands have proved valuable ancillaries, to provide either exceptional stability to active species and to generate highly productive catalysts, and/or to control the polymerization reactions, imparting a unique capacity to obtain polymers with tailored macromolecular features: molecular weights and their dispersion, (co)monomer distribution and regio/stereoselectivity.
A mixed‐methods investigation of sensory response patterns in Barth syndrome: A clinical phenotype?
Authors: Reynolds Stacey , Kreider Consuelo M. , Bendixen Roxanna 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBarth syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects approximately 1/500,000 boys each year. While treatment of medical complications associated with Barth is of primary importance, there is a concomitant need to look at behavioral and clinical features of the disorder. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of atypical sensory processing in 21 boys with Barth syndrome and to explore if phenotypic patterns of sensory responsiveness may be useful in early diagnosis. Using a mixed methods approach, we found that sensory issues related to feeding and eating were ubiquitous in our sample, with some behaviors such as strong gag reflex identifiable early in development. Specifically, boys with Barth had a strong preference for salty, cheesy, and spicy foods while having an overall restricted repertoire of foods they would eat (e.g., picky eaters). In boys with Barth as they age, auditory sensitivity and auditory filtering issues also emerged as potential sensory‐related behaviors affecting academic performance and participation. Overall, this study suggests that early identification of sensory patterns in Barth may assist in differential diagnosis and create opportunities for early interventions that may minimize the impact of these behaviors on function and participation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lung function, diagnosis, and treatment of sleep‐disordered breathing in children with achondroplasia
Authors: Julliand Sébastien , Boulé Michèle , Baujat Geneviève , Ramirez Adriana , Couloigner Vincent , Beydon Nicole , Zerah Michel , di Rocco Federico , Lemerrer Martine , Cormier‐Daire Valérie , Fauroux Brigitte 
Published: June 2012

AbstractChildren with achondroplasia are at risk of sleep‐disordered breathing. The aim of the study was to evaluate lung function and sleep‐disordered breathing in children with achondroplasia. An interview, clinical examination, lung function tests with blood gases, and a polygraphic sleep study were obtained as part of routine annual evaluation in consecutive children with achondroplasia. We included 30 children (median age 3.0 years, range: 0.4–17.1) over a period of 21 months. Habitual snoring and witnessed apneas were observed in 77% and 33% of the patients, respectively. Prior to the sleep study, 10/29 (34%) patients had undergone upper airway surgery and 5/29 (17%) craniocervical decompression operation. Arterial blood gases were abnormal in two (7%) patients. Sleep findings were abnormal in 28/30 (93%) patients. Eleven (37%) patients had an apnea index ≥1 event/hr and 26 (87%) had an apnea–hypopnea index ≥5 events/hr. The ≥3% desaturation index was >5/hr in 22 (73%) patients. Sixteen (53%) patients had a minimal pulse oximetry <90% but only two (7%) patients had a maximal transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure >50 mmHg during sleep. As a consequence, the following therapeutic interventions were performed: upper airway surgery in four patients and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in five other patients, resulting in an improvement in sleep studies in all nine patients. Systematic sleep studies are recommended in children with achondroplasia because of the high prevalence of sleep‐disordered breathing. Upper airway surgery and NPPV are effective treatments of sleep‐disordered breathing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Obtaining gauge invariant actions via symplectic embedding formalism
Authors: Abreu E.M.C. , Ananias Neto J. , Mendes A.C.R. , Neves C. , Oliveira W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe concept of gauge invariance is one of the most subtle and useful concepts in modern theoretical physics. It is one of the Standard Model cornerstones. The main benefit due to the gauge invariance is that it can permit the comprehension of difficult systems in physics with an arbitrary choice of a reference frame at every instant of time. It is the objective of this work to show a path of obtaining gauge invariant theories from non‐invariant ones. Both are named also as first‐ and second‐class theories respectively, obeying Dirac's formalism. Namely, it is very important to understand why it is always desirable to have a bridge between gauge invariant and non‐invariant theories. Once established, this kind of mapping between first‐class (gauge invariant) and second‐class systems, in Dirac's formalism can be considered as a sort of equivalence. This work describe this kind of equivalence obtaining a gauge invariant theory starting with a non‐invariant one using the symplectic embedding formalism developed by some of us some years back. To illustrate the procedure it was analyzed both Abelian and non‐Abelian theories. It was demonstrated that this method is more convenient than others. For example, it was shown exactly that this embedding method used here does not require any special modification to handle with non‐Abelian systems.
Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Xuan Jun , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn the last few years, visible‐light initiated organic transformations have attracted increasing attention. The development of visible‐light‐promoted photocatalytic reactions, which enable rapid and efficient synthesis of fine chemicals, is highly desirable from the viewpoint of cost, safety, availability, and environmental friendliness. In this Minireview, recent advances made in this fast developing area of research are discussed.
Clinical validation of the new T‐ and Y‐Shape models for the quantitative analysis of coronary bifurcations: An interobserver variability study
Authors: Tuinenburg Joan C. , Janssen Johannes P. , Kooistra Rolf , Koning Gerhard , Corral Maria D. , Lansky Alexandra J. , Reiber Johan H.C. 
Published: June 2012

ObjectivesThis article presents the results of an interobserver validation study of our new T‐ and Y‐shape bifurcation models including their edge segment analyses.BackgroundOver the last years, the coronary artery intervention procedures have been developed more and more toward bifurcation stenting. Because traditional straight vessel quantitative coronary arteriography (QCA) is not sufficient for these measurements, the need has grown for new bifurcation analysis methods.MethodsIn this article, our two new bifurcation analysis models are presented, the Y‐shape and T‐shape model. These models were designed for the accurate measurement of the clinically relevant parameters of a coronary bifurcation, for different morphologies and intervention strategies and include an edge segment analysis, to accurately measure (drug‐eluting) stent, stent edge, and ostial segment parameters.ResultsThe results of an interobserver validation study of our T‐shape and Y‐shape analyses are presented, both containing the pre‐ and post‐intervention analyses of each 10 cases. These results are associated with only small systematic and random errors, in the majority of the cases compliant with the QCA guidelines for straight analyses. The results for the edge segment analyses are also very good, with almost all the values within the margins that have been set by our brachytherapy directive.ConclusionsOur new bifurcation approaches including their edge segment analyses are very robust and reproducible, and therefore a great extension to the field of quantitative coronary angiography. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Everolimus‐eluting stents and zotarolimus‐eluting stents for percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Hannan Edward L. , Zhong Ye , Wu Chuntao , Walford Gary , Holmes David R. , Jacobs Alice K. , Stamato Nicholas J. , Venditti Ferdinand J. , Sharma Samin , Fergus Icilma , King Spencer B. 
Published: June 2012

ObjectivesTo compare 2‐year outcomes (mortality, mortality/myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel PCI (TVPCI), and target lesion PCI (TLPCI)) for patients receiving EES and ZES.BackgroundThe utilization of drug‐eluting coronary stents (DES) among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) has increased dramatically in the last decade. Everolimus‐eluting stents (EES) and ENDEAVOR zotarolimus eluting stents (ZES) constitute the latest generation of approved DES in the United States, but little is known about their relative effectiveness.MethodsNew York patients undergoing EES and ZES revascularization without any other type of stent between 7/08 and 12/08 were propensity matched at the hospital level using multiple patient, operator, and hospital characteristics, and matched patients were followed through the end of 2010 to obtain comparative 2‐year outcomes.ResultsA total of 3286 patients were propensity‐matched. Patients receiving EES had a significantly lower TVPCI rate (9.0% vs. 11.9%, AHR = 1.31, 95% CI (1.04, 1.65)) and a significantly lower TLPCI rate (6.0% vs. 8.3%, AHR = 1.35, 95% CI (1.02, 1.79)). There was no significant difference between EES and ZES for mortality or MI/mortality.ConclusionsThere were no significant differences in the hard endpoints of death or MI between patients who received EES versus those who received ZES (ENDEAVOR). Patients with EES experienced lower repeat revascularization rates than patients with ZES at 24 months. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protein Conformational Switches: From Nature to Design
Authors: Ha Jeung‐Hoi , Loh Stewart N. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractProtein conformational switches alter their shape upon receiving an input signal, such as ligand binding, chemical modification, or change in environment. The apparent simplicity of this transformation—which can be carried out by a molecule as small as a thousand atoms or so—belies its critical importance to the life of the cell as well as its capacity for engineering by humans. In the realm of molecular switches, proteins are unique because they are capable of performing a variety of biological functions. Switchable proteins are therefore of high interest to the fields of biology, biotechnology, and medicine. These molecules are beginning to be exploited as the core machinery behind a new generation of biosensors, functionally regulated enzymes, and “smart” biomaterials that react to their surroundings. As inspirations for these designs, researchers continue to analyze existing examples of allosteric proteins. Recent years have also witnessed the development of new methodologies for introducing conformational change into proteins that previously had none. Herein we review examples of both natural and engineered protein switches in the context of four basic modes of conformational change: rigid‐body domain movement, limited structural rearrangement, global fold switching, and folding–unfolding. Our purpose is to highlight examples that can potentially serve as platforms for the design of custom switches. Accordingly, we focus on inducible conformational changes that are substantial enough to produce a functional response (e.g., in a second protein to which it is fused), yet are relatively simple, structurally well‐characterized, and amenable to protein engineering efforts.
Seven New Sesquiterpenes from Cultures of the Basidiomycete Conocybe siliginea
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Feng Tao , Yin Xia , Li Zhenghui , Zhang Lin , Liu Jikai 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSeven new tremulane‐type sesquiterpenes (1–7) have been isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Conocybe siliginea. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data (HSQC, HMBC, 1H‐1H COSY, ROESY) and MS analysis.
Four New 9,19‐Cyclolanostane Triterpenes from the Rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida Collected in Yulong
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Nian Yin , Ma Chengyou , Liu Jieqing , Song Yanbo , Zhou Lin , Qiu Minghua 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFour new 9,19‐cyclolanostane‐type triterpenes (1–4), were isolated from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis, their chemical structures were elucidated as 1,7‐dien‐cimigenol‐3,12‐dione (1), 1‐en‐cimigenol‐3,11‐dione (2), 11(‐hydroxy‐7‐en‐cimigenol‐3‐one (3), and (20R,24R)‐24,25‐epoxy‐11(‐hydroxy‐7‐en‐9,19‐cyclolanost‐3,16,23‐trione (4).
An Improved Practical Route to (±)‐Epibatidine through L‐Proline Catalyzed Intramolecular Michael Addition
Authors: Huang Xiangui , Shi Hongwei , Ren Jiangmeng , Liu Guixia , Tang Yun , Zeng Bubing 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper describes a rapid and practical synthetic route involving six‐step reactions towards the diastereoselectively synthesis of (±)‐endo‐Epibatidine, starting from 6‐chloro‐3‐pyridinecarboxaldehye. The effective Henry reaction gave precursor (E)‐6‐(6‐chloropyridin‐3‐yl)‐5‐nitrohex‐5‐en‐2‐one (3a) which could be used in the next step. Various benzoic acid derivatives were used to optimize intramolecular Michael addition of ketone to pyridinylnitroolefins to provide the key intermediate 3‐(6‐chloropyridin‐3‐yl)‐4‐nitrocyclohexanone ((±)‐7a) with high yield.
Three New β‐Resorcylic Acid Lactones from Paecilomyces sp. SC0924
Authors: Xu Liangxiong , Xue Jinghua , Zou Yong , He Shujie , Wei Xiaoyi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThree new β‐resorcylic acid lactones (RALs), paecilomycins G–I (1–3), and eight known compounds, aigialomycins B–D (4–6), 1′,2′‐epoxy aigialomycin D (7), zearalenone (8), 7′‐dehydrozearalenone (9), and trans‐7′,8′‐dehydrozearalenol (10), antibiotic LL‐Z1640‐1 (11), were isolated from the mycelial solid culture of Paecilomyces sp. SC0924. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods and chemical means. In an assessment of antifungal activity by the well plate diffusion method, five known RALs, 4–7 and 11 showed weak activities against Peronophythora litchii
Logically Sensing Aggregate Process and Discriminating SDS from Other Surfactants with the Assistance of BSA
Authors: Qian Junhong , Xu Yufang , Qian Xuhong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAn amphiphilic fluorescent probe, 3‐dodecylamino dihydrogen imidazo[2,1‐α]benz[de]isoquinolin‐7‐one (compound 3), was used to sense the aggregate formation process of bovine serum albumine (BSA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and their mixed system. The fluorescence intensity of 3 was significantly affected by the adding order of SDS and BSA, and SDS can be distinguished from other surfactants with the aid of BSA, but only when 3 is allowed to interact with BSA first. The results revealed that compound 3 is preferentially sited in the hydrophobic region of BSA, and thermodynamically in SDS‐BSA mixed aggregate. Sodium phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and BSA played important but distinct roles in distinguishing SDS micelle from the others.
Connecting developmental trajectories: Biases in face processing from infancy to adulthood
Authors: Scherf K. Suzanne , Scott Lisa S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe nature of the developmental trajectory of face recognition abilities from infancy through adulthood is multifaceted and currently not well understood. We argue that the understanding of this trajectory can be greatly informed by taking a more functionalist approach in which the influence of age‐appropriate developmental tasks and goals are considered. To build this argument, we provide a focused review of developmental change across several important biases within face processing (species, race, age, and gender biases) from infancy through adulthood. We show that no existing theoretical framework can simultaneously and parsimoniously explain these very different trajectories and relative degrees of plasticity. We offer several examples of infant‐ and adolescent‐specific developmental tasks that we predict have an essential influence on the content and description of information that individuals need to extract from faces at these very different developmental stages. Finally, we suggest that this approach may provide a unique opportunity to study the role of early experience in (i.e., age of acquisition effects) and the quality and range of experiences that are critical for shaping behaviors through the course of development, from infancy to adulthood. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54: 643–663, 2012.
Early experience shapes vocal neural coding and perception in songbirds
Authors: Woolley Sarah M. N. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSongbirds, like humans, are highly accomplished vocal learners. The many parallels between speech and birdsong and conserved features of mammalian and avian auditory systems have led to the emergence of the songbird as a model system for studying the perceptual mechanisms of vocal communication. Laboratory research on songbirds allows the careful control of early life experience and high‐resolution analysis of brain function during vocal learning, production, and perception. Here, I review what songbird studies have revealed about the role of early experience in the development of vocal behavior, auditory perception, and the processing of learned vocalizations by auditory neurons. The findings of these studies suggest general principles for how exposure to vocalizations during development and into adulthood influences the perception of learned vocal signals. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54: 612–631, 2012.
Importing the homology concept from biology into developmental psychology
Authors: Moore David S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTo help introduce the idea of homology into developmental psychology, this article presents some of the concepts, distinctions, and guidelines biologists and philosophers of biology have devised to study homology. Some unresolved issues related to this idea are considered as well. Because homology reflects continuity across time, developmental scientists should find this concept to be useful in the study of psychological/behavioral development, just as biologists have found it essential in the study of the evolution and development of morphological and other characteristics. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 13–21, 2013.
Homology, correspondence, and continuity across development: The case of sleep
Authors: Blumberg Mark S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe causal relationships among developing behaviors can take many forms. At one extreme, two behaviors may emerge independently of one another and, at the other extreme, the emergence of one behavior may depend on the prior emergence of the other. Whether the two behaviors in the latter case should be designated as developmentally homologous is explored in this essay by reviewing differing approaches to conceptualizing the development of sleep. It is argued that whereas the concept of developmental homology may offer little new to the understanding of sleep development, the conventional notion of evolutionary homology remains to be fully exploited. Identifying homologous sleep processes will benefit from the adoption of a developmental comparative approach that emphasizes real‐time sleep dynamics and individual sleep components. Because evolution occurs through the modification of developmental processes, a new commitment to a developmental comparative approach to sleep is a necessary next step toward a better understanding of its evolution. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 92–100, 2013.