bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are citrus species favorable hosts for the Mediterranean fruit fly? A demographic perspective
Authors: Papachristos Dimitrios P. , Papadopoulos Nikos T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe studied, under laboratory conditions, demographic parameters of adult Mediterranean fruit flies,Ceratitis capitata(Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (medfly), obtained from three sweet orange varieties, lemon, and bitter oranges. These data were combined with immature developmental rates and survival on the same hosts to estimate host‐specific population parameters. Pairs of newly emerged adults from each citrus variety were held individually in transparent plastic cages, and females were allowed to oviposit in either red domes (artificial, pre‐punctured plastic oviposition devices), or intact, whole citrus fruits. We found strong effects of larval host (citrus fruits) on adult longevity and fecundity. In all five citrus varieties, females did not manage to deposit eggs into fruit pulp. The proportion of eggs laid in either the flavedo or albedo area of the fruit peel differed depending on the citrus variety. In all cases except bitter oranges, females oviposited fewer eggs in citrus fruits than in the artificial oviposition substrates, suggesting that most citrus fruits cause a significant reduction in the reproductive potential of medflies. Negative correlations were found between fecundity and (a) the density of oil glands, and (b) the amount of essential oils in the flavedo area of citrus fruits. There was no correlation between fecundity and other fruit physical characteristics, such as resistance of fruit peel to pressure and thickness of the flavedo. Apparently, resistance of citrus fruits to medfly infestation is directly related to citrus essential oils. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was higher in bitter oranges than in the three sweet orange varieties tested. A negative r was estimated for flies that developed and oviposited in lemons, indicating a tendency for population decrease in this host. The suitability of citrus fruits for medfly development and the practical implications of our findings for management of medflies in citrus orchards are discussed.
Host‐plant mediated interactions between two aphid species
Authors: Brunissen Laurence , Cherqui Anas , Pelletier Yvan , Vincent Charles , Giordanengo Philippe 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHerbivory induces numerous defence reactions in plants, which can in turn alter the plant quality for insects. The potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), and the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (both Hemiptera: Aphididae), are two important sympatric potato pests in northern France. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a previous infestation of a potato plant, Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae), by M. persicae or M. euphorbiae on the host attractiveness, feeding behaviour, and biological performance of M. euphorbiae subsequently colonising the plant. The preference of aphids was studied with a dual‐choice olfactometer and their feeding behaviour was monitored using the electrical penetration graph technique. Their biological performance was assessed by an in planta bioassay. Non‐infested plants were significantly more attractive to M. euphorbiae than plants pre‐infested by conspecific individuals. Aphids showed a strong reduction in the time spent ingesting phloem sap when feeding on pre‐infested plants. The biological performance of M. euphorbiae was not affected by previous conspecific infestation. Conversely, M. euphorbiae feeding behaviour was not affected on plants previously infested by M. persicae but aphids were more attracted to and had a faster population build‐up on those plants. Our results show that plant response and its effect on M. euphorbiae differed depending on the aphid species previously feeding on the potato plant. This variability in plant response could lead to competition or facilitation between aphids temporally and spatially separated, and promote dispersal under field conditions.
Gender differences in bipolar disorder type I and II
Authors: Suominen K. , Mantere O. , Valtonen H. , Arvilommi P. , Leppämäki S. , Isometsä E. 
Published: May 2009

Objective:  We investigated gender differences in bipolar disorder (BD) type I and II in a representative cohort of secondary care psychiatric in‐ and out‐patients.Method:  In the prospective, naturalistic Jorvi Bipolar Study of 191 secondary care psychiatric in‐ and out‐patients, 160 patients (85.1%) could be followed up for 18 months with a life chart.Results:  After adjusting for confounders, no marked differences in illness‐related characteristics were found. However, female patients with BD had more lifetime comorbid eating disorders (P < 0.001, OR = 5.99, 95% CI 2.12–16.93) but less substance use disorders (P < 0.001, OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.16–0.56) than males. Median time to recurrence after remission was 3.1 months longer among men than women, female gender carrying a higher hazard of recurrence (P = 0.006, HR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.22–3.27).Conclusion:  Men and women with type I and II BD have fairly similar illness‐related clinical characteristics, but their profile of comorbid disorders may differ significantly, particularly regarding substance use and eating disorders. In medium‐term follow‐up, females appear to have a higher hazard of recurrence than males.
Forest response to chronic hurricane disturbance in coastal New England
Authors: Busby Posy E. , Canham Charles D. , Motzkin Glenn , Foster David R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractQuestion: Hurricanes and cyclones cause a wide range of damage to coastal forests worldwide. Most of these storms are not catastrophic in ecological terms, but forest responses to storms of moderate intensities are poorly understood. In regions with a high frequency of moderate hurricanes, how does variation in disturbance intensity affect the magnitude of ecological responses?Location: Naushon Island, Massachusetts, USA.Methods: We use historical records and dendroecological methods to characterize establishment and growth of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, and Quercus velutina in response to seven non‐catastrophic hurricanes of varying intensity, and a major logging event, relative to baseline conditions, over the past 150 years. Our aim was to document variation in the magnitude of responses to known disturbance events of varying intensity, and to determine whether tree growth after moderate hurricanes differs from growth during periods of no disturbance.Results: Forest harvesting in 1824‐1827 had a strong impact on forest composition and growth. Since then, the study region has been characterized by little harvesting but frequent hurricanes. However, only one of the seven storms examined caused substantial increases in growth and new establishment for the dominant species; most moderate disturbances had minimal impact on growth and regeneration dynamics. We also document highly variable responses among species to individual storms, including substantial growth decreases that may not be detected by standard analytical approaches.Conclusions: Our results caution against the use of simple metrics such as wind speed to predict forest response to specific hurricanes, and highlight the importance of individual disturbance events in controlling long‐term forest dynamics, even in regions characterized by high disturbance frequency. In addition, we show that standard approaches to reconstructing disturbance history based on increases in radial growth and pulses of tree establishment are likely to underestimate the frequency of moderate disturbances.
Species‐habitat associations change in a subtropical forest of China
Authors: Lai Jiangshan , Mi Xiangcheng , Ren Haibao , Ma Keping 
Published: May 2009

AbstractQuestion: Do tree and shrub species in an evergreen broadleaf forest show similar habitat associations across different life stages?Location: A 24‐ha evergreen broadleaf forest plot in a heterogeneous landscape in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province, Eastern China.Methods: Species having positive associations with four habitat types (low valley, low ridge, upper valley, and upper ridge) at three life stages (sapling, juvenile, and mature stages) were compared for 60 tree and shrub species using torus‐translation tests.Results: A total of 117 significant positive associations with the four habitats were observed at the three life stages (43, 41, and 33 at the sapling, juvenile, and mature stages, respectively). For the 52 species significantly associated with habitats, only 16 were associated with the same habitat across all three stages. The majority of associated species at the juvenile stage (34 out of 40) were associated with the same habitat at their sapling stage, whereas half of species at the mature stage had consistent associations with the same habitat at their sapling stage. More species were associated with the upper ridge at the sapling and juvenile stages compared to the mature stage. Conversely, more species were associated with the low valley at the mature stage compared to the sapling and juvenile stages.Conclusions: Our results indicate that species ecological habitat associations can differ between developmental stages beyond 1 cm DBH, as most species habitat preferences were consistent from the sapling stage to the juvenile stage but changed at the mature stage.
Cell surface hydrophobicity of Candida albicans isolated from elder patients undergoing denture‐related candidosis
Authors: De Souza Roberta Diavana , Mores Alinne Ulbrich , Cavalca Laura , Rosa Rosimeire Takaki , Samaranayake Lakshman Perera , Rosa Edvaldo Antonio Ribeiro 
Published: May 2009

Background:  The virulence potential of Candida albicans strains enrolled in denture‐related candidosis still remains uncertain. Candida albicans cells with higher cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) rates, so‐called hydrophobic, present higher adhesion success in different host tissues than cells with lower rates, or even hydrophilic.Objective:  The proposition of this study was to evaluate the differences in the CSH of strains isolated from denture users with and without denture‐related candidosis.Material and methods:  The strains were obtained from two paired groups of patients living a same retirement house. Fungal cells were submitted to CSH evaluation by the hydrocarbon partition test using xylene.Results:  The measures revealed that the yeasts from patients with candidosis had CSH values ranging from 4.52% to 12.24%, with an average of 8.22 ± 2.92%. In the countergroup, the CSH ranged from 3.86% to 14.36%, with an average of 8.38 ± 3.76%. The difference between the groups were considered not relevant (p = 0.997).Conclusion:  The results let to the inference that natural populations of C. albicans from patients with and without clinical manifestation denture‐related candidosis do not differ one from the other regarding to CSH.
Oral health care issues in aged care facilities in Western Australia: resident and family caregiver views
Authors: Paley Glenys Anna , Slack‐Smith Linda , O’Grady Martin 
Published: May 2009

Objective:  To investigate resident and family perceptions and attitudes towards oral health care and access to dental services for aged care facility residents.Method:  Focus groups and individual interviews with residents and family caregivers were conducted at aged care facilities in the Perth Metropolitan Area, Western Australia.Results:  There were 30 participants from twelve aged care facilities (21 residents and nine family caregivers). Five focus groups comprising both residents and family caregivers were conducted in addition to three face‐to‐face interviews with residents. Both groups considered oral health very important to overall health and quality of life. Family caregivers noted a lack of dental check‐ups and specialised professional oral care, particularly in high‐care facilities. Low care residents were more likely to have regular dental check‐ups or dental treatment and off‐site dental visits were straightforward due to their mobility and family member assistance. Family caregivers noted time limitations and lack of expertise in oral health care amongst staff in high‐care facilities, and the challenges of maintaining oral care for residents with poor mobility or cognitive impairment. It was considered important that staff and management liaise with family caregivers and family members in provision of oral care.Conclusion:  Regular oral care, assessment and treatment were considered limited, particularly for residents in high care. There is a need for comprehensive, ongoing oral health programmes involving appropriately trained and empathetic dental health professionals and staff to improve oral health care in Perth’s aged care facilities.
Association of tenascin‐W expression with mineralization in mouse calvarial development
Authors: Mikura Ayako , Okuhara Shigeru , Saito Masahiro , Ota Masato , Ueda Koichi , Iseki Sachiko 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT Tenascin‐W is a tenascin family member that forms part of a complex extracellular matrix, and previous studies have suggested its association with osteogenesis. In the present study we investigated the roles of tenascin‐W in osteogenesis. We found that tenascin‐W is expressed in osteoblasts at the edge of the developing bone domain prior to mineralization in mouse fetuses. Expression of tenascin‐W was induced during the course of mineralization of the Kusa‐A1 osteoblast cell line. In the interfrontal suture of postnatal mice, the anterior portion remains patent and the posterior portion closes by 4 weeks of age. Tenascin‐W expression was downregulated at 1 week of age in the posterior frontal suture, whereas in the anterior suture, expression was maintained until the mice reached 4 weeks of age. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)‐bead application to the mouse fetal skull by ex‐utero surgery accelerated osteoblast differentiation, but inhibited mineralization with a downregulation of tenascin‐W expression. These results suggest that tenascin‐W is involved in osteoblast maturation (i.e. mineralization).
MHC class 2 deficiency and X‐linked agammaglobulinaemia in a consanguineous extended family
Authors: Broides A. , Shubinsky G. , Parvari R. , Grimbacher B. , Somech R. , Garty B. Z. , Levy J. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryManifestations of immunodeficiency within the same family are presumed to be the same disease. We report a consanguineous extended family where four patients have immunodeficiency, three have X‐linked agammaglobulinaemia and one has major histocompatibility complex class 2 deficiency. Within one family, two rare genetic diseases with similar clinical manifestations can occur.
New Hope and Help for Forgotten Youth
Authors: Gill Rita , Raphel Sally 
Published: May 2009

TOPIC:  Juvenile sex offender treatment programs have been at the forefront of discussion among some policy‐makers and certainly those who provide treatment for these youth. While the research in this area supports the use of community‐based treatment strategies, clinicians with strong training background are rare. PURPOSE:  There is a need for a certificate training program to develop clinicians who are specifically trained to treat juvenile sex offenders. Through a unique academic/community initiative providing a multimodal approach to treatment, a collaborative 2‐day national conference related to treatment of juvenile sex offenders was established. The program core was a 9‐month clinical treatment certificate training program. This article describes the community program, and outlines in detail its purpose, goals, trainee requirements, conceptual areas for competency development, and the content areas. CONCLUSIONS:   The Mental Health Policy Institute for Leadership and Training of Baltimore and the School of Nursing of the University Maryland jointly recognized a need to address the quality and efficacy of community‐based treatment and expand the number of trained clinicians to work with sex offending youth. As a result of positive program evaluations, this community program will be provided annually.
A Comparison of Two Types of Social Support for Mothers of Mentally Ill Children
Authors: Scharer Kathleen , Colon Eileen , Moneyham Linda , Hussey Jim , Tavakoli Abbas , Shugart Margaret 
Published: May 2009

PROBLEM:  The purpose of this analysis was to compare social support offered by two telehealth nursing interventions for mothers of children with serious mental illnesses.METHODS:  A randomized, controlled, quantitative investigation is underway to test two support interventions, using the telephone (TSS) or Internet (WEB). Qualitative description was used to analyze data generated during telehealth interventions.FINDINGS:  The behaviors and attitudes of children were challenging for the mothers to manage. Mothers’ emotional reactions included fear, frustration, concern, and guilt. They sought to be advocates for their children. The nurses provided emotional, informational, and appraisal support. TSS mothers were passive recipients, while WEB mothers had to choose to participate.CONCLUSIONS:  Mothers in both interventions shared similar concerns and sought support related to their child's problems.
REGULATION OF APOLIPOPROTEIN A‐1 AND APOLIPOPROTEIN B100 GENES BY THYMOQUINONE RICH FRACTION AND THYMOQUINONE IN HEPG2 CELLS
Authors: AL‐NAQEEB GHANYA , ISMAIL MAZNAH 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT Thymoquinone (TQ) rich fraction (TQRF) extracted from Nigella sativa seeds using a supercritical fluid extraction technique was prepared. The regulatory effects of TQRF at 80 µg/mL and commercial TQ at 2 µg/mL on apolipoprotein B100 (Apo B100) and apolipoprotein A‐1 (Apo A‐1) genes in the presence or absence of 25‐hydroxycholesterol (25OH), were investigated in human HepG2 cell line using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Incubating HepG2 cells in 10% human lipoprotein deficient serum (HLPDS) for 24 h in the presence of 2 µg/mL 25OH showed a significant increase in Apo B100 mRNA expression level by twofold compared to the control cells; on the other hand, no significant change in Apo A‐1 mRNA level was observed. When cells were incubated with HLPDS in the absence of 25OH and treated with TQRF and TQ, the mRNA level of Apo B100 was down‐regulated by 70 and 49%, respectively, in TQRF and TQ treated cells compared to untreated cells. Apo A‐1 gene was up‐regulated by four‐ and twofold in TQRF and TQ treated cells, respectively, compared to that observed in untreated cells. The present study clearly shows that TQRF and TQ are effective in regulating Apo A‐1 and Apo B100 genes that influence cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSCardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary heart disease, are considered as frequent cause of most deaths in the world. Hypercholesterolemia is the major risk of CVD. The plasma levels of Apo B100 and Apo A‐1 have been reported to be a risk of developing CVD. Natural products that are able to up‐regulate Apo A‐1 and down‐regulate Apo B100 genes are candidates for preventing and treating hypercholesterolemia. The regulatory effect of thymoquinone rich fraction extracted from Nigella sativa seeds using supercritical fluid extraction on Apo A‐1 and Apo B100 genes may play an important role in controlling the plasma cholesterol level, and thus, may reduce the risk of CVD.
THE ROLE OF BLACK TEA FEED CONDITIONS UPON ULTRAFILTRATION PERFORMANCE DURING MEMBRANE FOULING AND CLEANING
Authors: EVANS PHILIP J. , BIRD MICHAEL R. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT This article demonstrates the importance of feed condition upon filtration performance as a result of variations in fouling mechanism and cleaning efficiency during the clarification of black tea liquor by ultrafiltration. The filters studied were (1) FP and (2) RC ultrafiltration membranes. Specific fouling resistances, apparent membrane rejections and cleaning efficiencies were analyzed for variations in feed concentration, TMP, temperature, ionic strength and calcium content. Concentration polarization contributed predominantly to the increased total fouling resistance of both membranes as feed concentration was increased, although there was no extra effect upon deposit formation on the RC membrane, whereas rinsable fouling deposit did increase on the FP membrane because of slightly stronger interaction of the foulant with the membrane surface. Increasing the ionic strength increased the total fouling resistance, thus reducing performance while decreasing the severity of deposition fouling as a result of increased concentration polarization. Addition of calcium to the feed stream caused a significant increase in irreversible fouling deposition because of polar group–calcium complexation (bridging). This deposition could not be adequately removed by using standard sodium hydroxide cleaning protocols, or by the addition of surfactants and chelating agents. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe nature of complex feeds and membrane filtration usually results in a progressive flux decline that has a marked effect upon the process economics and viability. The effect of black tea feed condition upon ultrafiltration as a clarification method is reported in this article. Membrane–foulant interactions and overall performance are discussed and are relevant to the optimization and clarification of black tea and other protein/polyphenol containing beverages during industrial processing in factory operation. Although cleaning of membranes is inevitably required during filtration of such a complex feed, an understanding of fouling can help reduce the frequency and environmental impact of cleaning in industrial practice.
OPTIMIZATION OF PROTEIN CONCENTRATE PREPARATION FROM BAMBARA BEAN USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: MUNE MARTIN ALAIN MUNE , MBOME ISRAËL LAPE , MINKA SAMUEL RENE 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT Response surface methodology was used to optimize the preparation of protein concentrate from Bambara bean flour. A central composite rotatable design of experiments was used to investigate the effects of the two statistically significant factors, namely pH and NaCl concentration on four responses: yield (%), protein content (%), reactive lysine (g/16 g N) and iron content (mg/100 g). A second‐order polynomial model was used for predicting the responses. Regression analysis indicated that more than 81.7% of the variation was explained by the fitted models. The results showed that under optimum conditions (pH and NaCl concentration of 8.99 and 0.17 M, respectively) the yield was ≥28%, protein content ≥71.25%, reactive lysine ≥1.77 g/16 g N and iron content ≥18 mg/100 g. The suitability of the model employed was confirmed by the agreement between the experimental and predicted values for yield, protein content and reactive lysine.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study was undertaken to find out the optimum input conditions (pH and NaCl concentration) at which protein concentrate yield, protein content, reactive lysine and iron content from Bambara bean had the optimal productivity. The results obtained will permit the development of an appropriate process for protein extraction from this under‐utilized grain legume. It would then be possible to efficiently predict the conditions of pH and NaCl concentration, which permit the obtaining of protein extracts with desired nutritional quality for use as a food ingredient. Furthermore, the protein extracts could turn out to have some functional properties required in food product development.