bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of demineralized water on the silanization reaction and the performance properties of green tire tread compound
Authors: Neethirajan Jeevanandham , Natarajan Tamil Selvan , Mohanty Tapas Rajan , Ramakrishnan S. , Singha Nikhil K. , Naskar Kinsuk 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTire industries seek advancements in technologies ranging from novel constructions to new material systems for fuel efficiency. The chemical formulation of tread compounds and their processing conditions can significantly affect tire performance for key attributes, including rolling resistance, wet traction, and wear resistance. Adding demineralized water (DMW) molecules might enhance the silanization reaction between silane and silica filler surface via improved hydrolysis and condensation, resulting in a better silanization reaction. DMW was sprayed on a silica surface before mixing, incorporated with TESPD silane into S‐SBR/BR tire tread compound, and mixed in an internal mixer. The effects of an increase in the DMW content on compound processability, cure characteristics, filler dispersion, dynamic properties, and mechanical properties were investigated. Adding the water‐treated silica into the compound lowered the heat generation during mixing, lowered the dump temperature, lowered the tan δ (E″/E′) at 60°C, and increased the wet grip property by retaining the abrasion resistance compared with the control. The enhancement of filler dispersion was visualized via scanning electron microscope images. Reaction kinetics concerning the addition of water and the effect of the pH of water on the silanization reaction is also discussed using HPLC analysis.
Evaluation of various membranes at different fluxes to enable large‐volume single‐use perfusion bioreactors
Authors: Raza Hassan , Tang Tiffany , Gao Baizhen , Phuangthong Chelsea , Chen Chienhung Billy , Pinto Nuno D. S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe growing demand for biological therapeutics has increased interest in large‐volume perfusion bioreactors, but the operation and scalability of perfusion membranes remain a challenge. This study evaluates perfusion cell culture performance and monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity at various membrane fluxes (1.5–5 LMH), utilizing polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), polyethersulfone (PES), or polysulfone (PS) membranes in tangential flow filtration mode. At low flux, culture with PVDF membrane maintained higher cell culture growth, permeate titer (1.06–1.34 g/L) and sieving coefficients (≥83%) but showed lower permeate volumetric throughput and higher transmembrane pressure (TMP) (>1.50 psi) in the later part of the run compared to cultures with PES and PS membrane. However, as permeate flux increased, the total mass of product decreased by around 30% for cultures with PVDF membrane, while it remained consistent with PES and PS membrane, and at the highest flux studied, PES membrane generated 12% more product than PVDF membrane. This highlights that membrane selection for large‐volume perfusion bioreactors depends on the productivity and permeate flux required. Since operating large‐volume perfusion bioreactors at low flux would require several cell retention devices and a complex setup, PVDF membranes are suitable for low‐volume operations at low fluxes whereas PES membranes can be a desirable alternative for large‐volume higher demand products at higher fluxes.
Melatonin improves maternal sleep deprivation‐induced learning and memory impairment, inflammation, and synaptic dysfunction in murine male adult offspring
Authors: Zhang Yue‐Ming , Wei Ru‐Meng , Li Zong‐Yin , Li Xue‐Yan , Zhang Kai‐Xuan , Ge Yi‐Jun , Kong Xiao‐Yi , Liu Xue‐Chun , Chen Gui‐Hai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionMaternal sleep deprivation (MSD), which induces inflammation and synaptic dysfunction in the hippocampus, has been associated with learning and memory impairment in offspring. Melatonin (Mel) has been shown to have anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective function. However, the beneficial effect of Mel on MSD‐induced cognitive impairment and its mechanisms are unknown.MethodsIn the present study, adult offspring suffered from MSD were injected with Mel (20 mg/kg) once a day during postnatal days 61–88. The cognitive function was evaluated by the Morris water maze test. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA and protein levels of synaptic plasticity associated proteins were examined using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.ResultsThe results showed that MSD impaired learning and memory in the offspring mice. MSD increased the levels of interleukin (IL)‐1creIL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α and decreased the expression levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinase receptor B, postsynaptic density protein‐95, and synaptophysin in the hippocampus. Furthermore, Mel attenuated cognitive impairment and restored markers of inflammation and synaptic plasticity to control levels.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that Mel could ameliorate learning and memory impairment induced by MSD, and these beneficial effects were related to improvement in inflammation and synaptic dysfunction.
Association between adding salt in food and dementia in European descent: A mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhou Ren , Chen Fei , Zhang Lei , Sun Yu , Hu Rong , Yan Jia , Jiang Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundHigh salt intake has been proposed as a risk factor for dementia. However, causal relationship between salt intake and dementia remains uncertain.PurposeThe aim of this study was to employ a mendelian randomization (MR) design to investigate the causal impact of salt intake on the risk of dementia.MethodsGenome‐wide association study (GWAS) data of exposures and outcomes (any dementia, cognitive performance, different types of dementia, Alzheimer's disease [AD], and Parkinson's disease) were obtained from the IEU database. MR estimates were generated though inverse‐variance weighted model. MR‐Egger, weighted median, and MR‐Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR‐PRESSO) method also used in our study. Sensitivity analyses included Cochran's Q test, MR‐Egger intercept, MR‐PRESSO global test and outlier test, leave‐one‐out analysis, and funnel plot assessment.ResultsOur MR analysis provided evidence of a causal association between high salt added to food and dementia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–2.49, and p = .003), dementia in AD (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.15–3.83, and p = .015), and undefined dementia (OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.26–5.39, and p = .009). Higher salt added was also associated with increased risk of AD (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.12–2.87, and p = .014) and lower cognitive performance (β = −.133, 95% CI: −.229 to −.038, and p = .006).ConclusionThis study provides evidence suggesting that high salt intake is causally associated with an increased risk of developing dementia, including AD and undefined dementia, highlighting the potential importance of reducing salt consumption as a preventive measure.
Antibody‐positive autoimmune encephalitis and paraneoplastic neurological syndrome: A Swedish case series
Authors: Kosek Sonja , Burman Joachim , Punga Anna Rostedt 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and temporal disease course of patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) in Sweden.MethodsThirty‐seven antibody‐positive AE and PNS cases were identified in the Healthcare region Mid Sweden between 2015 and 2019. Clinical data were collected through a retrospective review of electronic health records. Patients were divided into three subgroups based on antibody type: neuronal surface antibodies (NSAbs), onconeural antibodies, and anti‐GAD65 antibodies.ResultsNineteen patients had NSAbs, 11 onconeural antibodies, and seven anti‐GAD65 antibodies. Anti‐LGI1 and anti‐NMDAR were the most frequently detected NSAbs, with anti‐NMDAR cases having an older‐than‐expected age distribution (median age 40, range 17–72). Only 11 of 32 (30%) of patients had findings suggesting encephalitis on initial MRI, but 28 of 31 (90%) had pathological findings on initial cerebrospinal fluid analysis. All patients but one had abnormal EEG findings. Median time to immunotherapy was comparable among the three subgroups, whereas patients with anti‐LGI1, anti‐CASPR2, and anti‐IgLON5 had an eightfold longer time to immunotherapy than anti‐NMDAR and anti‐GABA‐B (p = .0016). There was a seasonal variation in onset for patients with non‐tumor‐related NSAbs and anti‐GAD65 antibodies, with most patients (72%) falling ill in spring or summer.ConclusionSwedish patients with AE and PNS had similar clinical characteristics as previously described cohorts from other geographical regions except for anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, with older onset than expected. The onset of non‐tumor‐related AE occurred predominantly in the warm seasons, and AE with a more insidious onset was associated with delayed treatment initiation.
Antibody drug conjugates in the clinic
Authors: Udofa Edidiong , Sankholkar Disha , Mitragotri Samir , Zhao Zongmin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAntibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs), chemotherapeutic agents conjugated to an antibody to enhance their targeted delivery to tumors, represent a significant advancement in cancer therapy. ADCs combine the precise targeting capabilities of antibodies and the potent cell‐killing effects of chemotherapy, allowing for enhanced cytotoxicity to tumors while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Here, we provide an overview of the current clinical landscape of ADCs, highlighting 11 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved products and discussing over 500 active clinical trials investigating newer ADCs. We also discuss some key challenges associated with the clinical translation of ADCs and highlight emerging strategies to overcome these hurdles. Our discussions will provide useful guidelines for the future development of safer and more effective ADCs for a broader range of indications.
Dereplication Tools for Rhizophora mangle Extracts from Different Mangrove Areas and their Potential Against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: da Silva Pontes Amanda Letícia , Monteiro Leal Carla , Pereira Lucas Manuela , Caamaño Muiño da Silva Gabriela , Braga Alves Peixoto João Vitor , Barbosa Succar Juliana , Ribeiro Flores Vinicius , Neves Direito Ida Carolina , Ribeiro da Silva Antonio Jorge , de Oliveira Chaves Filipe , Eccard Fingolo Catharina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRhizophora extracts have several potential biological activities, and their metabolites can be used in the pharmaceutical industry. Extracts of Rhizophora species obtained from mangroves have shown prospective activity against Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed to investigate the chemical profile of Rhizophora mangle leaves from fringe, basin, and transition mangrove zones and their bactericidal/bacteriostatic potential against S. aureus. R. mangle leaves were collected monthly in 2018 from litterfall in three different zones of the mangrove of Guaratiba State Reserve: fringe, basin, and transition. Extracts were prepared from the material collected in October and December for LC‐HRMS/MS analysis, and dereplication was performed using a molecular library search and the classical molecular networking GNPS platform. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the aqueous extract of R. mangle against S. aureus were determined. No S. aureus growth was observed compared to the control for extracts collected from September to December. Different compounds were annotated in each region, yet a marked presence of phenolic compounds was noted, among them glycosylated flavonoid derivatives of quercetin and kaempferol. The results suggest bactericidal/bacteriostatic activity for extracts of R. mangle leaves collected in 2018 from three mangrove forest zones.
Polymeric Reactors for Catalytic Reactions beyond Earth
Authors: Friedland Jens , Güttel Robert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCurrent space missions to Luna and Mars are considering to use the resources, which can be found on‐site at the destination. This strategy named in‐situ resource utilization (ISRU) saves valuable pay‐load capacities during the rocket launch from the earth surface. Specifically, in mars missions it is intended to produce the necessary rocket fuel CH4 for the back‐transit to earth via water electrolysis and subsequent CO2 methanation. The present study elaborates this concept and examines the question if polymeric reactors are feasible for heterogeneously catalyzed reactions in applications beyond earth. The study aims at providing a theoretical backbone for a proof‐of‐concept. The evaluation is conducted theoretically by design considerations and adds experimental results to show the general feasibility of polymeric reactors for applicable reaction conditions.
Advancing mid‐rectal cancer surgery: Unveiling the potential of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery in comparison to conventional laparoscopic‐assisted resection
Authors: Muhammad Shan , Jiang Zheng , Fan Tao , Tang QingChao , Hai Yang , Ehsan Sundas Bint E. , Bilal Maimoona , Zubayraeva Albina A. , Gao YiBo , He Jie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMid‐rectal cancer treatment traditionally involves conventional laparoscopic‐assisted resection (CLAR). This study aimed to assess the clinical and therapeutic advantages of Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction Surgery (NOSES) over CLAR.AimsTo compare the clinical outcomes, intraoperative metrics, postoperative recovery, complications, and long‐term prognosis between NOSES and CLAR groups.Materials & MethodsA total of 136 patients were analyzed, with 92 undergoing CLAR and 44 undergoing NOSES. Clinical outcomes were evaluated, and propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to control potential biases.ResultsThe NOSES group exhibited significant improvements in postoperative recovery, including lower pain scores on days 1, 3, and 5 (p < .001), reduced need for additional analgesics (p = .02), shorter hospital stays (10.8 ± 2.3 vs. 14.2 ± 5.3 days; p < .001), and decreased intraoperative blood loss (48.1 ± 52.7 mL vs. 71.0 ± 55.0 mL; p = .03). Patients undergoing NOSES also reported enhanced satisfaction with postoperative abdominal appearance and better quality of life. Additionally, the NOSES approach resulted in fewer postoperative complications.ConclusionWhile long‐term outcomes (overall survival, disease‐free survival, and local recurrence rates) were comparable between the two methods, NOSES demonstrated superior postoperative outcomes compared to CLAR in mid‐rectal cancer treatment, while maintaining similar long‐term oncological safety. These findings suggest that NOSES could serve as an effective alternative to CLAR without compromising long‐term results.
EPO‐R: An efficient garbage collection scheme for long‐term transactions
Authors: Onishi Rina , Hoshino Takashi , Kawashima Hideyuki 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThis article proposes EPO‐R, which is an efficient garbage collection scheme designed for multi‐version concurrency control (MVCC) protocols. MVCC generates a version for each update operation, and it can exhaust physical memory for dynamically changing environments such as IoT payments. Eager pruning of obsolete versions (EPO) is a novel garbage collection technique for long‐term transactions. We found room for improvement in EPO, which triggers reclamation invocation. EPO is triggered for each write operation, and it wastes CPU resources. The proposed method EPO‐R is triggered on a read operation to address this issue. The result of experiments with 64 CPU cores and workloads with the combination of short‐term and long‐term transactions demonstrated that EPO‐R exhibited 6.3 times higher throughput than that of EPO. The reason for this can be explained by analyzing the number of unreclaimable versions.
Achieving Visible Light Triggered Overall Water Splitting over Plasmonic Au/SrTiO3:Al Photocatalyst
Authors: Zeng Bin , Zhou Qin , Ta Na , Wang Shengyang , Li Can , Li Rengui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect has garnered extensive attention in semiconductor photocatalysis for solar energy conversion, thanks to its remarkable optical properties. However, the majority SPR‐induced photocatalytic systems have been limited to achieving hydrogen evolution or oxygen evolution half reactions, and attaining overall water splitting on a SPR‐induced photocatalyst under visible light remains a formidable challenging. In this study, we employed a plasmonic photocatalyst Au/SrTiO3, and further enhanced its performance by doping aluminum (Al) into the SrTiO3 lattice (denoted as Au/SrTiO3:Al). By constructing reduction cocatalyst (RhCrOx) and oxidation cocatalyst (CoOOH), the Au/SrTiO3:Al photocatalyst successfully realizes photocatalytic overall water splitting with a stoichiometric ratio of H2 and O2 under visible light (λ≥440 nm). We revealed that the introduction of Al species effectively modified the electronic structure of SrTiO3, thereby enhancing the hydrogen evolution reaction in Au/SrTiO3:Al. Simultaneously, the RhCrOx and CoOOH cocatalysts synergistically capitalized on the short‐lived hot electrons and holes generated by the plasmonic Au/SrTiO3:Al photocatalyst, enabling to realize photocatalytic overall water splitting. This work offers a promising avenue for the rational design of plasmon‐induced overall water splitting photocatalysts through the integration of suitable cocatalysts and surface/interface engineering strategies.
Cytopathology: From its humble beginnings to the birth of the cytopathology fellowship
Authors: Sung Simon , Chaari Rema 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCytopathology or cytology as a field has grown remarkably in the 20th and 21st centuries with recent advances shaping the way we train our future colleagues and how we currently practice. This article explores the history of cytopathology tracing back as early as the 18th century with focus on the birth of the cytopathology fellowship in the United States.
The First International eDNA Workshop in Hong Kong: A beginner's guide for the next‐generation eDNA researcher
Authors: Seymour Mathew , Guibert Isis , Jeunen Gert‐Jan , Hellström Micaela , Leray Matthieu , Elbrect Vasco , Lau Anthony , Cutracci Maxine , How Chun Ming , Ip Jack Chi Ho , Liu Zifang , Moffitt Jessica , Qian Cheng , Qin Xian , Tse Cham Man , Wang Yifu , Wang Zhi , Zeng Xiaoyi , Zhao Meihong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe field of environmental DNA (eDNA) has rapidly advanced in recent years, providing a non‐invasive and time‐saving method for assessing biodiversity. The First International Environmental DNA (eDNA) Workshop in Hong Kong was held from 16 to 27 October 2023 and provided early career professionals with hands‐on training and collaboration opportunities in eDNA research. With support from The Croucher Foundation Limited (Hong Kong), the workshop covered all stages of an eDNA‐based research project, including study design, field sampling, eDNA extraction, library preparation, bioinformatics, statistical data analysis, and ethics in scientific research. Participants gained insights into the principles and practical applications of eDNA technology, emphasizing the importance of careful experimental design and data interpretation. The workshop also highlighted the need for standardized protocols, comprehensive and local DNA reference databases, and careful selection of primer sets to overcome current issues and limitations. Workshop participants expressed enthusiasm for the potential of eDNA metabarcoding as a valuable tool for ecological monitoring, biodiversity assessment, and conservation decision‐making. The future of eDNA research looks promising overall, with continued advancements in technology, collaboration among researchers, and the integration of eDNA into large‐scale ecological monitoring. Future iterations of the Hong Kong International eDNA workshop will continue to provide hands‐on training and collaboration opportunities for early career professionals interested in eDNA research, focusing on addressing current limitations and challenges in the field.
Construction of C5‐Indole Unnatural Amino Acid Motifs via Diastereoselective Pd(II)‐Catalyzed β‐C(sp3)‐H Functionalization
Authors: Patel Pooja , Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda , Tomar Radha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe report the construction of C5‐indole unnatural amino acid derivatives via the diastereoselective Pd(II)‐catalyzed prochiral β‐C(sp3)‐H arylation of racemic (DL), and enantiopure L‐ and D‐carboxamides of amino acids with 5‐iodoindoles. Independently, indole‐based compounds and amino acid motifs are important small molecules in organic synthesis and drug discovery research. This report aimed to contribute to enriching the library of indole‐based unnatural amino acid derivatives. The synthesis of examples of C5‐indole motif‐installed amino acid derivatives comprising norvaline, phenylalanine, leucine, norleucine, 2‐aminooctanoic acid having anti‐stereochemistry was accomplished. The synthesis of the C5‐indole motif‐containing non‐α‐amino acid (aminoalkanoic acid) derivatives was also reported. The C−H arylation reactions of racemic and enantiopure carboxamides with 5‐iodoindoles afforded the corresponding indole unnatural amino acid derivatives with good diastereoselectivity (anti, dr>95 : 5 and enantiopurity (er up to 99 : 1). Removal of the directing group (8‐aminoquinoline), phthalimide group and preparation of indole amino acid esters and free amino group‐containing indole unnatural amino acid motifs were also shown. The utility of the methodology was shown by synthesizing indole motif‐containing pyrrolidone and peptide molecules. The stereochemistry of the major (anti) diastereomers was ascertained from the X‐ray structure of a representative compound.
Exploring characteristics of and transitions between mental states within the Multi‐Action Plan model in high‐level judo
Authors: Kellermann Bernadette , Collins Dave , MacPherson Alan , Bertollo Maurizio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Multi‐Action Plan (MAP) model presents an idiosyncratic framework for human performance. MAP research has categorised four Performance Types (PTs; T1–T4) using self‐paced activities. Specifically, T1–4 present four distinct mental states experienced by athletes during performance, differing, among other aspects, in the level of effort and perceived control. However, transitions between PTs are yet to be empirically investigated. This study aimed to examine MAP in the hyperdynamic open‐skill combat context of judo. We explored how judoka experienced PTs and the transition processes between these mental states. Six British, high‐level judoka (n = 6; Mdnage = 19) were interviewed using a retrospective semi‐structured interview schedule. Interpretative phenomenological analysis indicated that judo presents a hyperdynamic difficult‐to‐predict performance context due to the opponent and fighting rhythm. Second, participants strongly related to T2 and T3 and less to T1 and T4. They also reported experiences ‘between’ T2 and T3. Lastly, participants reported common transition pathways (e.g., T2–T3), typical transition cues, and specific trainable strategies to optimise performance. Findings are discussed in relation to existing literature. Lastly, we present limitations, applied, and research considerations.