bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reviewing the somatic genetics of melanoma: from current to future analytical approaches
Authors: Dutton‐Regester Ken , Hayward Nicholas K. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryMetastatic melanoma has traditionally been difficult to treat, and although molecularly based targeted therapies have shown promising results, they have yet to show consistent improvements in overall survival rates. Thus, identifying the key mutation events underlying the etiology of metastatic melanoma will no doubt lead to the improvement of existing therapeutic approaches and the development of new treatment strategies. Significant advances toward understanding the complexity of the melanoma genome have recently been achieved using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. However, identifying those mutations driving tumorigenesis will continue to be a challenge for researchers, in part because of the high rates of mutation compared to other cancers. This article will review the catalog of mutations identified in melanoma through a variety of approaches, including the use of unbiased exome and whole‐genome NGS platforms, as well discuss complementary strategies for identifying driver mutations. The promise of personalized medicine afforded by better understanding these mutation events should provide impetus for increased activity and rapid advances in this field.
Onyx embolization of an extensive mandibular arteriovenous malformation via a dual lumen balloon catheter: a technical case report
Authors: Fifi Johanna , Niimi Yasunari , Berenstein Alejandro 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe first known use of Onyx delivered via a dual lumen balloon catheter is reported. A mandibular arteriovenous malformation was successfully embolized with Onyx via an Ascent balloon catheter.Case presentationA teenage girl presented with facial deformity and episodes of oral bleeding. Angiogram showed an extensive left mandibular arteriovenous malformation with ectatic intraosseous venous pouches. A dual lumen Ascent balloon catheter was placed in the inferior alveolar artery. With balloon inflation, Onyx was injected transarterially with excellent penetration into the venous puches. There was closure of over 80% of the lesion with reduction in arteriovenous shunting.ConclusionOnyx embolization via a dual lumen balloon catheter allows for great penetration without the necessity of the long plug creation process for the usual ‘plug and push technique’ or the use of detachable tip microcatheters. The technique is limited by the deliverability of the balloon catheter, and is safest in the external carotid circulation.
Linking the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry With Medicare Claims Data
Authors: Brennan J. Matthew , Peterson Eric D. , Messenger John C. , Rumsfeld John S. , Weintraub William S. , Anstrom Kevin J. , Eisenstein Eric L. , Milford-Beland Sarah , Grau-Sepulveda Maria V. , Booth Michael E. , Dokholyan Rachel S. , Douglas Pamela S. 
Published: January 2012

Background—
The National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry was recently linked with longitudinal Centers for Medicare & Medicaid (CMS) claims data. The degree to which this linked cohort is representative of the overall CathPCI Registry and CMS PCI populations is unknown.

Methods and Results—
CathPCI Registry records were linked to CMS inpatient claims using indirect identifiers. We examined the degree to which hospitals and patients in the linked cohort are representative of the elderly (≥65 years) CathPCI Registry and CMS populations. From 2004 to 2006, 1492 hospitals filed CMS PCI claims and 663 contributed CathPCI Registry data. Of these hospitals, 643 (97%) were linked across data sources. Compared with all CMS PCI hospitals, the linked data set contained fewer governmental, northeastern, southern, and low-volume (<200 beds) sites. Among CMS beneficiaries, 993 351 PCI procedures were performed, including 398 508 (40.1%) at centers in the linked database. Of these, 341 916 (86%) were linked to CathPCI Registry records. Linked and unlinked CMS patients had similar demographic and clinical features. In the CathPCI Registry database, 477 456 elderly patients underwent PCI, with 359 077 (75%) linked to CMS claims. Linked and unlinked National Cardiovascular Data Registry patients were similar, except for less commercial or health maintenance organization insurance in the linked cohort.

Conclusions—
By using deterministic matching strategies, a large and representative cohort with detailed clinical data from the CathPCI Registry and longitudinal follow-up from CMS claims has been created.
Sporadic hemiplegic migraine with normal imaging as the initial manifestation of CADASIL
Authors: Monteiro Cecília , Barros José , Taipa Ricardo , Pereira-Monteiro José 
Published: January 2012

Background: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) can be present with negative family history and, especially in younger patients, with normal brain magnetic resonance. For this reason, those CADASIL patients that present only with migraine may be misdiagnosed. In the case of migraine with motor aura, sporadic hemiplegic migraine (SHM) is one of the possible misdiagnoses. Case results: We present a case of a patient who, in the first years of her disease, met the clinical criteria for SHM. A diagnosis of CADASIL was considered only when her sister presented with headache and an unknown leukoencephalopathy. Conclusions: This case illustrates the need for a careful review of the clinical and family history during the follow-up of primary headaches.
Creation and validation of a ligation-independent cloning (LIC) retroviral vector for stable gene transduction in mammalian cells
Authors: Patel Asmita , Muñoz Anisleidys , Halvorsen Katherine , Rai Priyamvada 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Cloning vectors capable of retroviral transduction have enabled stable gene overexpression in numerous mitotic cell lines. However, the relatively small number of feasible restriction enzyme sequences in their cloning sites can hinder successful generation of overexpression constructs if these sequences are also present in the target cDNA insert.

Results
Utilizing ligation-independent cloning (LIC) technology, we have modified the highly efficient retroviral transduction vector, pBABE, to eliminate reliance on restriction enzymes for cloning. Instead, the modified plasmid, pBLIC, utilizes random 12/13-base overhangs generated by T4 DNA polymerase 3' exonuclease activity. PCR-based introduction of the complementary sequence into any cDNA of interest enables universal cloning into pBLIC. Here we describe creation of the pBLIC plasmid, and demonstrate successful cloning and protein overexpression from three different cDNAs, Bax, catalase, and p53 through transduction into the human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP or the human lung cancer line, H358.

Conclusions
Our results show that pBLIC vector retains the high transduction efficiency of the original pBABE while eliminating the requirement for checking individual cDNA inserts for internal restriction sites. Thus it comprises an effective retroviral cloning system for laboratory-scale stable gene overexpression or for high-throughput applications such as creation of retroviral cDNA libraries. To our knowledge, pBLIC is the first LIC vector for retroviral transduction-mediated stable gene expression in mammalian cells.
Isolated granulocytic sarcoma of the pancreas: A tricky diagnostic for primary pancreatic extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Messager Mathieu , Amielh David , Chevallier Caroline , Mariette Christophe 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
We report two clinical cases of primary granulocytic sarcoma of the pancreas that were diagnosed on the surgical specimen. Atypical clinical and morphological presentations may have lead to pretherapeutic biopsies of the pancreatic mass in order to indicate primary chemotherapy. Literature review of this rare clinical presentation may help physicians to anticipate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Both common variations and rare non-synonymous substitutions and small insertion/deletions in CLU are associated with increased Alzheimer risk
Authors: Bettens Karolien , Brouwers Nathalie , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Lambert Jean-Charles , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Vandenberghe Rik , Le Bastard Nathalie , Pasquier Florence , Vermeulen Steven , Van Dongen Jasper , Mattheijssens Maria , Peeters Karin , Mayeux Richard , St George-Hyslop Peter , Amouyel Philippe , De Deyn Peter P , Sleegers Kristel , Van Broeckhoven Christine 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
We have followed-up on the recent genome-wide association (GWA) of the clusterin gene (CLU) with increased risk for Alzheimer disease (AD), by performing an unbiased resequencing of all CLU coding exons and regulatory regions in an extended Flanders-Belgian cohort of Caucasian AD patients and control individuals (n = 1930). Moreover, we have replicated genetic findings by targeted resequencing in independent Caucasian cohorts of French (n = 2182) and Canadian (n = 573) origin and by performing meta-analysis combining our data with previous genetic CLU screenings.

Results
In the Flanders-Belgian cohort, we identified significant clustering in exons 5-8 of rare genetic variations leading to non-synonymous substitutions and a 9-bp insertion/deletion affecting the CLU β-chain (p = 0.02). Replicating this observation by targeted resequencing of CLU exons 5-8 in 2 independent Caucasian cohorts of French and Canadian origin identified identical as well as novel non-synonymous substitutions and small insertion/deletions. A meta-analysis, combining the datasets of the 3 cohorts with published CLU sequencing data, confirmed that rare coding variations in the CLU β-chain were significantly enriched in AD patients (ORMH = 1.96 [95% CI = 1.18-3.25]; p = 0.009). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) association analysis indicated the common AD risk association (GWA SNP rs11136000, p = 0.013) in the 3 combined datasets could not be explained by the presence of the rare coding variations we identified. Further, high-density SNP mapping in the CLU locus mapped the common association signal to a more 5' CLU region.

Conclusions
We identified a new genetic risk association of AD with rare coding CLU variations that is independent of the 5' common association signal identified in the GWA studies. At this stage the role of these coding variations and their likely effect on the β-chain domain and CLU protein functioning remains unclear and requires further studies.
TGFBI promoter hypermethylation correlating with paclitaxel chemoresistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Wang Ning , Zhang Hui , Yao Qin , Wang Yankui , Dai Shuzhen , Yang Xingsheng 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the methylation status of Transforming growth factor-beta-inducible gene-h3 (TGFBI) and its correlation with paclitaxel chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. The methylation status of TGFBI was examined in ovarian cancer and control groups by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). The TGFBI expression and cell viability were compared by Quantitative Real-Time PCR, Western Blotting and MTT assay before and after demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dc) treatment in 6 cell lines (SKOV3, SKOV3/TR, SKOV3/DDP, A2780, 2780/TR, OVCAR8). In our results, TGFBI methylation was detected in 29/40 (72.5%) of ovarian cancer and 1/10 (10%) of benign ovarian tumors. No methylation was detected in normal ovarian tissues (P < 0.001). No statistical correlation between RUNX3 methylation and clinicopathological characteristics was observed. A significant correlation between TGFBI methylation and loss of TGFBI mRNA expression was found (P < 0.001). The methylation level of TGFBI was significantly higher in paclitaxel resistant cell lines (SKOV3/TR and 2780/TR) than that in the sensitive pairs (P < 0.001). After 5-aza-dc treatment, the relative expression of TGFBI mRNA and protein increased significantly in SKOV3/TR and A2780/TR cells. However, no statistical differences of relative TGFBI mRNA expression and protein were found in other cells (all P > 0.05), which showed that re-expression of TGFBI could reverse paclitaxel chemoresistance. Our results show that TGFBI is frequently methylated and associated with paclitaxel-resistance in ovarian cancer. TGFBI might be a potential therapeutic target for the enhancement of responses to chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients.
Ethyl pyruvate reduces liver injury at early phase but impairs regeneration at late phase in acetaminophen overdose
Authors: Yang Runkuan , Zou Xiaoping , Koskinen Marja-Leena , Tenhunen Jyrki 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Inflammation may critically affect mechanisms of liver injury in acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity. Kupffer cells (KC) play important roles in inflammation, and KC depletion confers protection at early time points after APAP treatment but can lead to more severe injury at a later time point. It is possible that some inflammatory factors might contribute to liver damage at an early injurious phase but facilitate liver regeneration at a late time point. Therefore, we tested this hypothesis by using ethyl pyruvate (EP), an anti-inflammatory agent, to treat APAP overdose for 24-48 hours.

Methods
C57BL/6 male mice were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of APAP (350 mg/kg dissolved in 1 mL sterile saline). Following 2 hours of APAP challenge, the mice were given 0.5 mL EP (40 mg/kg) or saline treatment every 8 hours for a total of 24 or 48 hours.

Results
Twenty-four hours after APAP challenge, compared to the saline-treated group, EP treatment significantly lowered serum transaminases (ALT/AST) and reduced liver injury seen in histopathology; however, at the 48-hour time point, compared to the saline therapy, EP therapy impaired hepatocyte regeneration and increased serum AST; this late detrimental effect was associated with reduced serum TNF-α concentration and decreased expression of cell cycle protein cyclin D1, two important factors in liver regeneration.

Conclusions
Inflammation likely contributes to liver damage at an early injurious phase but improves hepatocyte regeneration at a late time point, and prolonged anti-inflammation therapy at a late phase is not beneficial.
Oxygen-Generating Gel Systems Induced by Visible Light and Application to Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Okeyoshi Kosuke , Yoshida Ryo 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTToward complete artificial photosynthesis systems to generate hydrogen and oxygen using visible light and water, we firstly design and fabricate oxygen-generating gel systems using the electrostatic interactions of ionic functional groups and steric effects of a polymer network. By using a graft polymer chain with Ru(bpy)32+ units as sensitizers to closely arrange RuO2 nanoparticles as catalyst, the functional groups transmit multiple electrons cooperatively to generate oxygen. In this study, a novel strategy is shown to design a hierarchical network structure using colloidal nanoparticles and macromonomers.
Caries Experience in a Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults with Cleft Lip and Palate in Brazil
Authors: Freitas Amanda Beatriz Dahdah Aniceto , De Barros Letízia Monteiro , Fiorini João Evangelista , Boriollo Marcelo Fabiano Gomes , Moreira Allyson Nogueira , Magalhães Claudia Silami 
Published: January 2012

Objective To compare the caries experience of adolescents and young adults with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) with a noncleft control group. Design Thirty CL/P subjects and 30 controls were clinically examined to obtain the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) and the decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) indices, gingival bleeding index, plaque index, and active caries lesions. Data concerning oral hygiene, access to fluoridated water, mother's education level, and family income were also collected. Setting Pro-Smile Center, a reference center for the treatment of facial deformities, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Subjects Subjects aged 12 to 21 years with CL/P and without associated syndromes were matched to noncleft controls by sex, age, living habits, and use of orthodontic devices. Null Hypothesis Formulated Prior to Data Collection Caries experience in CL/P adolescents and young adults is similar to that observed in noncleft controls. Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software for Windows Data Editor. The CL/P and control groups were compared using the McNemar test, paired t test and Wilcoxon test. A significance level of 5% was adopted for all tests. Results There were no significant differences between the groups for oral hygiene and contact with fluoride. Significant differences were found in per capita income, presence of active caries, decayed surfaces, plaque index, and gingival bleeding. Conclusions The caries experience of CL/P subjects was higher than that of the noncleft individuals.
Perceived Auditor Independence and Audit Litigation: The Role of Nonaudit Services Fees
Authors: Schmidt Jaime J. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
This study investigates whether audit litigants act as if they believe jurors will associate auditor-provided nonaudit services (NAS) with impaired auditor independence, and thus substandard auditor performance. Using GAAP-based financial statement restatements disclosed from 2001–2007 as an indicator for audit failure, I find that the amount of NAS fees and the ratio of NAS fees to total fees is positively associated with the likelihood that a restatement results in audit litigation. I also find that when plaintiff attorneys argue that auditor independence was impaired due to dependence on client fees and, in particular, NAS fees, restatement-related audit litigation is more likely to result in an auditor settlement and a larger amount of settlement. These results suggest that audit litigants act as if they believe NAS fees will strengthen the case against the auditor, and thus affect the court resolution if the lawsuit is taken to verdict.
Data Availability: All data are publicly available from sources identified in the study.
The Effect of Taxes on Conventional Preferred Stock: Evidence from the 2003 JGTRRA Dividend Tax Reduction
Authors: Dunbar Amy , Veliotis Stanley 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
This study examines the extent to which investor-level taxes affect the pricing and pre-tax returns of securities. Specifically, we investigate whether the pre-tax yield on outstanding conventional preferred stock (CPS) decreased after the 2003 Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (JGTRRA) reduced the individual's tax rate on dividends. Our research design for detecting tax effects is strong for two reasons: (1) JGTRRA provides a quasi-experimental setting that permits a pre/post design, and (2) we use trust preferred stock (TPS) issued by the same firm as the tax-disfavored benchmark asset, which permits a matched-pair design that controls for risk. Additional tests including CPS issues without TPS counterparts confirm the effect of JGTRRA on CPS issues. The results indicate that investors reacted to the new tax-favored status of CPS by bidding up its price, which lowered its yield.
Data Availability:  All data are available from public sources identified in the paper.
An Investigation of the Impact of Preparer Penalty Provisions on Tax Preparer Aggressiveness
Authors: Hansen Victoria J. , White Richard A. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
The Small Business Work Opportunity Act of 2007 enacted significant changes in tax return preparer penalties. This study uses an experiment to examine the effectiveness of the revised preparer penalty provisions at reducing tax preparer aggressiveness. Specifically, we examine the impact of two significant components of the changes to the preparer penalty provisions—penalty amount and reporting standard required to avoid penalty imposition—on tax preparers' recommendation and signing decisions involving an aggressive tax position. We find that the increase in penalty amount has no effect on tax preparers' recommendation decisions, but does affect their signing decisions. A higher reporting standard significantly reduces both tax preparers' willingness to recommend an aggressive position and to sign a tax return containing an aggressive position.
Data Availability: Data used in this study are available from the first author upon request.
Lehman on the Brink of Bankruptcy: A Case about Aggressive Application of Accounting Standards
Authors: Caplan Dennis H. , Dutta Saurav K. , Marcinko David J. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
In September 2008, Lehman became the largest company in U.S. history to file for bankruptcy. Nine months earlier, Lehman had reported record revenue and earnings for 2007, and had started the year with a market capitalization of over $30 billion. Lehman's precipitous fall has been attributed to a high-risk business strategy and to aggressive interpretation of accounting rules. Lehman was both a victim of—and an important contributor to—the worst U.S. economic recession since the Great Depression, and the firm's accounting choices warrant scrutiny.
This case is structured around collateralized short-term borrowings, commonly used by financial institutions, called repurchase agreements. Lehman modified the terms of the standard agreement and used an aggressive interpretation of SFAS No. 140 to account for these modified agreements as a sale of the collateral. These transactions, called Repo 105s, affected the firm's reported financial position. The case requires students to evaluate those effects, interpret financial ratios, critically read authoritative accounting literature, and consider important questions about auditors' responsibilities. Key issues include the relative merits of principles-based versus rules-based accounting standards, corporate governance, ethics, materiality, and whistleblowing.
The Determinants and Consequences of Heterogeneous IFRS Compliance Levels Following Mandatory IFRS Adoption: Evidence from a Developing Country
Authors: Bova Francesco , Pereira Raynolde 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
The adoption of international accounting standards, namely the IFRS, at the country level has sparked two contrasting, but not mutually exclusive, viewpoints. One view is that IFRS engenders better reporting standards, and uniform adoption allows for greater comparability. The upshot is that IFRS adoption will improve a firm's information environment and hence contribute toward a lower cost of capital. The alternative view is that disclosure quality is shaped by political and economic forces, and hence higher-quality accounting standards will not necessarily translate into higher-quality reporting. We empirically evaluate these arguments on IFRS adoption using both private and public-traded firm observations from Kenya, a developing country with relatively open capital markets but limited enforcement resources. Our analysis takes advantage of a unique dataset involving firm-specific measurements of IFRS compliance. We find that while both private and public firms are required to adhere to IFRS, public, rather than private firms, exhibit greater IFRS compliance. Highlighting the influence of capital market openness, we find that foreign ownership is positively and significantly correlated with IFRS compliance. Probing the underlying causal relationship, additional analysis suggests that greater foreign ownership leads to greater IFRS compliance. Examining the effects of IFRS compliance, higher compliance is positively associated with share turnover. Overall, our evidence illustrates both the importance of economic incentives in shaping IFRS compliance and the capital market benefits to being compliant with IFRS in a low enforcement country.
JEL Classifications: M41; M44; M47; G15; G38.