bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minireview: Transgenerational Inheritance of the Stress Response: A New Frontier in Stress Research
Authors: Matthews Stephen G. , Phillips David I. W. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
It is well established in animal models that the prenatal environment can have a major impact on stress axis function throughout life. These changes can predispose to various metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurobiological pathophysiologies. Emerging evidence indicates that the same programming effects occur in humans. It is now becoming clear that the pathophysiological effects are not confined to the first-generation offspring and that there is transgenerational memory of fetal experience that can extend across multiple generations. The complex mechanisms by which transgenerational transmission of stress responsiveness occur are rapidly becoming a focus of investigation. Understanding these fundamental biological processes will allow for development of intervention strategies that prevent or reverse adverse programming of the stress response.
Laser-assisted Direct Write for aerospace applications
Authors: Sato T , Fearon E , Curran C , Watkins K G , Dearden G , Eckford D 
Published: November 2009

Particulate silver inks are finding increasing use in the direct manufacture of electronic circuitry, for example in Direct Write (DW). Laser curing of these inks as opposed to traditional oven-curing methods is advantageous for reasons of speed and the protection of nearby heat-sensitive components, and particularly for the construction of circuitry on conformal surfaces and ‘on the fly’ modification or production. To fully appreciate the benefits provided by using a laser-based process, it is important that the final-cured component has electrical and physical properties that are comparable to, if not better than, those that are produced using the conventional technique. Currently, in some single pass curing techniques, cavities are formed in the track due to rapid boiling off of solvents that leads to a higher resistivity and surface roughness than that of oven-cured tracks. While mass loss is similar, overall density is decreased through porosity of the tracks. By going from a single pass curing process to a multiple pass process and controlling the power regime, it is possible to improve the track quality by allowing the gradual release of solvent vapour from the ink and achieve lower resistivities than that of oven-cured samples and a surface roughness that is comparable. This incremental process improves settling of the silver particulates leading to a resistance of the cured inks that is lower than that achievable through oven curing. This creates the possibility of fabricating a surface-mounted or -embedded damage sensor without thermally affecting the substrate. The effect of substrate type thermal conductivity on the laser curing speed of silver inks is investigated. It was found that a noticeable factor in determining the resulting resistance of the conductive track was the substrate thermal conductivity. Both CO2 and Er:YAG laser radiation was investigated. Although CO2 lasers are in widespread use, the increasing demand for portability and ease of integration into existing DW systems favours fibre delivered laser radiation such as that from an Er:YAG fibre laser. This source was also investigated here to determine if fibre delivered processing could be achieved.
Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Endocarditis Treated with Combination Tigecycline and High-Dose Daptomycin
Authors: Schutt Amanda C , Bohm Nicole M 
Published: November 2009

Objective: To report a case of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium requiring combination antibacterial therapy, Case Summary: A 39-year-old female presented with chest pain and a history of endocarditis 3 years prior to admission. Blood cultures were positive for E. faecium. She was treated initially with daptomycin 6 mg/kg daily, which was later increased to 8 mg/kg daily despite poor gentamicin clearance. A variety of antibiotics were used in combination with daptomycin, but the patient remained febrile, with positive blood cultures revealing vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) greater than 256 μg/mL and daptomycin MIC 3 μg/mL (and later, 4 μg/mL). Following the addition of tigecycline, the patient experienced rapid clinical and microbiologic improvement, and blood cultures remained negative 9 weeks after discharge. Discussion: Limited clinical data support the use of daptomycin for the treatment of E. faecium endocarditis, and information regarding the effects of escalating doses and combination therapy is scant. After failing multiple combination regimens, this patient responded to a combination of tigecycline and daptomycin. Daptomycin 8 mg/kg daily did not result in creatine kinase elevation in the face of evidence of possible renal dysfunction. Conclusions: Increasing doses of daptomycin may enhance efficacy without compromising safety, even in patients with some renal dysfunction. The combination of daptomycin and tigecycline may be useful for the treatment of multidrug-resistant E. faecium.
Home video films and the democratic imperative in contemporary Nigeria
Authors: Adeoti Gbemisola 
Published: November 2009

The paper analyses the sociopolitical import of Nigerian home video films (Nollywood) against the backdrop of long years of military rule. Some titles discussed in the paper include: Saworo Ide/Brass Bells and Agogo Eewo/Gong of Taboo, Alaga Kansu/Local Council Chairman, Akobi
Gomina I & II/The Governor's Heir and Your Excellency.
The paper notes that while military dictatorship lasted, the film was more or less a medium for social diversion, cultural exhibition and religious affirmation. The inauguration of a civilian administration in
1999 has, however, led to the expansion of thematic possibilities through the screen. To this end, the Nigerian home video presents a framework for deepening people's participation in the process of democratization and development, as shown in the film analyses. In conclusion, the paper affirms
the potential of video film in tackling the challenges of social re-construction in a post-military democratization.
SAPHO Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment: Report of Five Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Matzaroglou Ch , Velissaris D , Karageorgos A , Marangos M , Panagiotopoulos E , Karanikolas M 
Published: November 2009

Background:
The term “SAPHO (Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis and Osteitis) syndrome” includes a variety of musculoskeletal disorders associated with skin conditions; Osteitis is the most prominent skeletal lesion, whereas palmoplantar pustulosis and acne are the main skin lesions. Diagnosing SAPHO syndrome is difficult, because this syndrome is often confused with suppurative osteomyelitis, which has similar clinical and pathologic findings. SAPHO diagnosis is even more difficult when atypical sites are involved and there are no skin lesions.

Patients and Methods:
This case series presents five patients (3 women, 2 men), ages 27 to 44 years, who came to the Orthopaedic Department outpatient clinic for evaluation of pain in the humerus, clavicle, sacroiliac joints, and/or distal radius, and were diagnosed with SAPHO syndrome. Clinical and radiologic findings, treatment and outcome data, with up to 4 years of follow-up are presented. An extensive discussion of the clinical presentation, published literature, treatment options and outcome of SAPHO syndrome is also included.

Results:
Once the diagnosis of SAPHO syndrome was established, treatment with antibiotics (clindamycin) and non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (lornoxicam) was remarkably effective. All patients did well and remained symptom free for up to four years, after a 3-8 month course of treatment.

Interpretation:
SAPHO syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis when evaluating patients with lytic, sclerotic, or hyperostotic bone lesions and pain. Prompt SAPHO syndrome recognition, followed by appropriate therapy with antibiotics and NSAIDs can produce rapid symptom resolution, while avoiding unnecessary procedures and longterm antibiotic therapy.
Motor Control Exercise for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Costa Leonardo O.P. , Maher Christopher G. , Latimer Jane , Hodges Paul W. , Herbert Robert D. , Refshauge Kathryn M. , McAuley James H. , Jennings Matthew D. 
Published: November 2009

BackgroundThe evidence that exercise intervention is effective for treatment of chronic low back pain comes from trials that are not placebo-controlled.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of motor control exercise for people with chronic low back pain.DesignThis was a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.SettingThe study was conducted in an outpatient physical therapy department in Australia.PatientsThe participants were 154 patients with chronic low back pain of more than 12 weeks’ duration.InterventionTwelve sessions of motor control exercise (ie, exercises designed to improve function of specific muscles of the low back region and the control of posture and movement) or placebo (ie, detuned ultrasound therapy and detuned short-wave therapy) were conducted over 8 weeks.MeasurementsPrimary outcomes were pain intensity, activity (measured by the Patient-Specific Functional Scale), and patient's global impression of recovery measured at 2 months. Secondary outcomes were pain; activity (measured by the Patient-Specific Functional Scale); patient's global impression of recovery measured at 6 and 12 months; activity limitation (measured by the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire) at 2, 6, and 12 months; and risk of persistent or recurrent pain at 12 months.ResultsThe exercise intervention improved activity and patient's global impression of recovery but did not clearly reduce pain at 2 months. The mean effect of exercise on activity (measured by the Patient-Specific Functional Scale) was 1.1 points (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.3 to 1.8), the mean effect on global impression of recovery was 1.5 points (95% CI=0.4 to 2.5), and the mean effect on pain was 0.9 points (95% CI=−0.01 to 1.8), all measured on 11-point scales. Secondary outcomes also favored motor control exercise.LimitationClinicians could not be blinded to the intervention they provided.ConclusionsMotor control exercise produced short-term improvements in global impression of recovery and activity, but not pain, for people with chronic low back pain. Most of the effects observed in the short term were maintained at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups.
Bacteroides sp. as a cause of anaerobic keratitis in a pony
Authors: Johns I. C. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThis Case Report describes anaerobic infection of the conjunctiva and cornea in a pony. A 13‐year‐old pony was admitted for evaluation following suspected ocular trauma. Bacterial conjunctivitis and keratitis were diagnosed based on clinical appearance of the eye and cytological evaluation of a corneal scraping. The pony responded poorly to topical therapy, and enucleation was performed. Culture of the corneal scraping yieldedCorynebacteriumsp. and Bacteroides sp. Anaerobic keratitis and conjunctivitis is uncommonly reported in horses, but should be suspected when there is a history of ocular trauma or skin disease, or when a malodorous ocular discharge is identified.
Landscape and Ambience on the Urban Fringe: From Agricultural to Imagined Countryside
Authors: Goddard Joseph 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This article stems from ongoing research on the creation of penurbia since 1945 which examines the development of hybrid city-country landscapes around large urban areas that mesh stylised countryside with functional links to the cities. Simply put, penurbia looks like country but often thinks like the city, and gives a name and an explanation for a concept that had previously been neglected. The term amalgamates the solar metropolis' penumbra as an area of influence and visual awareness without defined focus. The urban fringe has grown dramatically since 1945, as emigrants from urban areas hoped that life in the country would provide a haven against the rush and thrust of life in the city. Ill-formed and dimly understood cultural ideals fuelled flight to rural areas where individuality, nature, familiarity, purity, hope and tradition would trump practical and economic considerations. This paper relates the story of the development of distinct penurban landscapes and ambiences in three eastern U.S. counties.
'When The Well's Dry': Water and the Promise of Sustainability in the American Southwest
Authors: Jenkins David 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The Colorado River has become part of a vast plumbing system. It is still a natural system, dependent upon weather patterns, geological processes and laws of physics. But it is also a cultural system, governed by dams, laws and political relationships. The river is neither natural nor unnatural, but both - separating the categories makes little sense. This article argues that it is more accurate to combine the categories of nature and culture, to see humans as inextricably and deeply entwined with the natural world, and to recognise all environmental issues as characterised by the contradictory relationships humans have developed with the world they inhabit.
Goats, Marginality and the 'Dangerous Other'
Authors: Siddle David 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Mediterranean vegetation is increasingly subject to high summer temperatures. Scrubland grazing by the omnivorous goat could reduce the risk of widespread fires. But goat populations have been controlled by bans and restrictions for many centuries. The political, economic and cultural reasons why the animal had such an unsavoury reputation are explored.
Le rôle de la confiance dans l'explication de la satisfaction
Authors: Sirieix Lucie , Dubois Pierre-Louis 
Published: November 2009

Quality, trust and satisfaction : a model empirically tested on fast-food industry
Research regarding consumer behavior has focused on identifying the antecedents of consumers' satisfaction. Although brand theorists suggest empirical relationship between product quality, the brand and the consumer's satisfaction, more systematic research on these effects is needed. A conceptual model of quality, trust and satisfaction, is developed in this paper by identifying the antecedents of consumers' satisfaction, including trust in the brand. The model is empirically tested on fast-food industry. The authors conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for marketing managers and further research.
HMGB1 Enhances the Proinflammatory Activity of Lipopolysaccharide by Promoting the Phosphorylation of MAPK p38 through Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
Authors: Qin Yang-Hua , Dai Sheng-Ming , Tang Gu-Sheng , Zhang Jun , Ren Ding , Wang Zhi-Wei , Shen Qian 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein was originally characterized as a nuclear DNA-binding protein, and was described to have an extracellular role when involved in cellular activation and proinflammatory responses. In the present study, we have found that the proinflammatory activity of recombinant HMGB1 proteins is determined by the containing endotoxin level, and HMGB1 that contains few endotoxins fails to stimulate macrophages to secrete proinflammatory cytokines. HMGB1 acts as a ligand of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and works in synergy with LPS in activating the macrophages in vitro. In vivo, intra-articular injections of HMGB1 act in synergy with LPS to induce experimental arthritis in mice. HMGB1 promotes the phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and the activation of NF-κB through RAGE, and then enhances the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. These results demonstrate that HMGB1 enhances the proinflammatory activity of LPS by promoting the phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and by the activation of NF-κB through RAGE.
The importance of fallback foods in primate ecology and evolution
Authors: Constantino Paul J. , Wright Barth W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe role of fallback foods in shaping primate ranging, socioecology, and morphology has recently become a topic of particular interest to biological anthropologists. Although the use of fallback resources has been noted in the ecological and primatological literature for a number of decades, few attempts have been made to define fallback foods or to explore the utility of this concept for primate evolutionary biologists and ecologists. As a preface to this special issue of the American Journal of Physical Anthropology devoted to the topic of fallback foods in primate ecology and evolution, we discuss the development and use of the fallback concept and highlight its importance in primatology and paleoanthropology. AmJ Phys Anthropol 140:599–602, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fallback foods of temperate‐living primates: A case study on snub‐nosed monkeys
Authors: Grueter Cyril C. , Li Dayong , Ren Baoping , Wei Fuwen , Xiang Zuofu , van Schaik Carel P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOnly a few primate species thrive in temperate regions characterized by relatively low temperature, low rainfall, low species diversity, high elevation, and especially an extended season of food scarcity during which they suffer from dietary stress. We present data of a case study of dietary strategies and fallback foods in snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in the Samage Forest, Northwest Yunnan, PRC. The snub‐nosed monkeys adjusted intake of plant food items corresponding with changes in the phenology of deciduous trees in the forest and specifically showed a strong preference for young leaves in spring. A non‐plant food, lichens (Parmeliaceae), featured prominently in the diet throughout the year (annual representation in the diet was about 67%) and became the dominant food item in winter when palatable plant resources were scarce. Additional highly sought winter foods were frost‐resistant fruits and winter buds of deciduous hardwoods. The snub‐nosed monkeys' choice of lichens as a staple fallback food is likely because of their spatiotemporal consistency in occurrence, nutritional and energetic properties, and the ease with which they can be harvested. Using lichens is a way to mediate effects of seasonal dearth in palatable plant foods and ultimately a key survival strategy. The snub‐nosed monkeys' fallback strategy affects various aspects of their biology, e.g., two‐ and three‐dimensional range use and social organization. The higher abundance of lichens at higher altitudes explains the monkeys' tendency to occupy relatively high altitudes in winter despite the prevailing cold. As to social organization, the wide temporal and spatial availability of lichens strongly reduces the ecological costs of grouping, thus allowing for the formation of “super‐groups.” Usnea lichens, the snub‐nosed monkeys' primary dietary component, are known to be highly susceptible to human‐induced environmental changes such as air pollution, and a decline of this critical resource base could have devastating effects on the last remaining populations. Within the order Primates, lichenivory is a rare strategy and only found in a few species or populations inhabiting montane areas, i.e., Macaca sylvanus, Colobus angolensis, and Rhinopithecus roxellana. Other temperate‐dwelling primates rely mainly on buds and bark as winter fallback foods. Am J Phys Anthropol 140:700–715, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Defining fallback foods and assessing their importance in primate ecology and evolution
Authors: Marshall Andrew J. , Boyko Corin M. , Feilen Katie L. , Boyko Ryan H. , Leighton Mark 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPhysical anthropologists use the term “fallback foods” to denote resources of relatively poor nutritional quality that become particularly important dietary components during periods when preferred foods are scarce. Fallback foods are becoming increasingly invoked as key selective forces that determine masticatory and digestive anatomy, influence grouping and ranging behavior, and underlie fundamental evolutionary processes such as speciation, extinction, and adaptation. In this article, we provide an overview of the concept of fallback foods by discussing definitions of the term and categorizations of types of fallback foods, and by examining the importance of fallback foods for primate ecology and evolution. We begin by comparing two recently published conceptual frameworks for considering the evolutionary significance of fallback foods and propose a way in which these approaches might be integrated. We then consider a series of questions about the importance of fallback foods for primates, including the extent to which fallback foods should be considered a distinct class of food resources, separate from preferred or commonly eaten foods; the link between life history strategy and fallback foods; if fallback foods always limit primate carrying capacity; and whether particular plant growth forms might play especially important roles as fallback resources for primates. We conclude with a brief consideration of links between fallback foods and primate conservation. Am J Phys Anthropol 140:603–614, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermal and mechanical properties of photocured organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposites of terpene‐based acrylate resin and methacrylate‐substituted polysilsesquioxane
Authors: Ando Shingo , Someya Yoshihiro , Takahashi Tsutomu , Shibata Mitsuhiro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDiacrylate compounds derived from α‐pinene and limonene (TDAs: TDA‐1 and TDA‐2) were photocured with methacryl‐substituted polysilsesquioxane (ME‐PSQ) prepared from 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) in the TDA/ME‐PSQ weight ratio of 20 : 0, 20 : 1, 20 : 2, 20 : 3, and 20 : 4. All the photocured TDA/ME‐PSQ hybrid nanocomposites became transparent. The thermomechanical analysis of the cured TDA/ME‐PSQ revealed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased, the thermal expansion coefficient above Tg decreased with increasing ME‐PSQ content, and that the TDA‐1/ME‐PSQ had ca. 30°C greater Tg than the TDA‐2/ME‐PSQ with the same ME‐PSQ content. Also, the dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that the TDA‐1/ME‐PSQ had much greater storage modulus at around 150°C than the corresponding TDA‐2/ME‐PSQ. The flexural strength and modulus of the TDA/ME‐PSQ nanocomposites at 20°C had maximum at ME‐PSQ content 4.8 and 13.0 wt %, respectively. As a whole, the thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were improved by the addition of ME‐PSQ, and those of TDA‐1/ME‐PSQ nanocomposites were superior to those of TDA‐2/ME‐PSQ. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Flammability and thermal degradation of epoxy acrylate modified with phosphorus‐containing compounds
Authors: Chen Xilei , Song Lei , Hu Yuan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of UV‐curable flame‐retardant resins was obtained by blending phosphate acrylate (BTP) in different ratios with epoxy acrylate resin (EA). The flammability was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL 94 flammability rating and cone calorimeter, and the thermal degradation of the flame‐retardant resins was studied using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and real‐time Fourier transform infrared (RTFTIR). The results indicated that the flame‐retardant efficiency increases with the addition of BTP. The heat release rate with the addition of BTP decreases greatly. The TGA data showed that EA/BTP blends have lower initial decomposition temperatures and higher char residues than pure EA, whereas BTP has the lowest initial decomposition temperature and the highest char residue. The RTFTIR study indicates that the EA/BTP blends have lower thermal oxidative stability than the pure EA. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010