bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wear diagnosis for rail profile data using a novel multidimensional scaling clustering method
Authors: Shang D. , Su Shuai , Sun Y. K. , Wang F. , Cao Y. , Yang W. F. , Li P. , Zhou J. H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe diagnosis of railway system faults is significant for its comfort, efficiency, and safety. The rail surface wear is the key impact factor when considering the health conditions of rails. This paper accomplishes contactless rail wear diagnosis by using multidimensional scaling based on a novel informational dissimilarity measure (IDM) to cluster intact and different worn rail profile data. The IDM uses weighted‐probability distribution of dispersion patterns to extract accurate time domain features from rail profile data, and the loss of information is minimized, which can greatly improve the accuracy for wear diagnosis. All the analyzing data for real experiments are collected by a laser scanner camera on an inspection car, where heavy‐haul railway rails with different types of surface wear are inspected. Experimental results with simulated and reality‐based data show that the proposed methods can identify worn profile data and discriminate different types of worn profiles more effectively when compared with existing methods. Thus, the proposed method offers a new thinking for the diagnosis of rail surface wear for heavy‐haul railways.
Visual narrative research: African American cemeteries in Alachua County, Florida
Authors: Ngozi Queenchiku 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElla Spencer (my mom) was born in 1908 and died in 2002. She once told me that people of color were treated worse than farm animals, especially when they died. “They didn't get funeral rites like White folks,” she said. I contend the problem is that no one is keeping vital records such as photographs, maps, and burial ledgers of where African Americans were buried. After numerous years, several American states, cities, and counties had reported bountiful discoveries of unknown African American remains of all ages during constructions or demolitions. In 2023, more than a few news outlets were continuously reporting the findings of African American remains from beneath buildings, parking lots, overgrown vegetation, and woods. This qualitative research project was based on digital archival data research methodology and theoretical visual anthropology framework adding creativity components (e.g., photography, painting, and photo bashing technique) to effectively collect data of Alachua County, Florida African American cemeteries. This paper aims to add to the academic literature and fill the gap in African American life after death acknowledgment. In conclusion, this is a project that has many branches that need to be researched to get the whole story of African American cemeteries' survival.
Deciphering the complex interplay of obesity, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and tight junction remodeling: Unraveling potential therapeutic avenues
Authors: AlMarzooqi Sara K. , Almarzooqi Fajr , Sadida Hana Q. , Jerobin Jayakumar , Ahmed Ikhlak , Abou‐Samra Abdul‐Badi , Fakhro Khalid A. , Dhawan Punita , Bhat Ajaz A. , Al‐Shabeeb Akil Ammira S. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryObesity stands as a formidable global health challenge, predisposing individuals to a plethora of chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. A confluence of genetic polymorphisms, suboptimal dietary choices, and sedentary lifestyles significantly contribute to the elevated incidence of obesity. This multifaceted health issue profoundly disrupts homeostatic equilibrium at both organismal and cellular levels, with marked alterations in gut permeability as a salient consequence. The intricate mechanisms underlying these alterations have yet to be fully elucidated. Still, evidence suggests that heightened inflammatory cytokine levels and the remodeling of tight junction (TJ) proteins, particularly claudins, play a pivotal role in the manifestation of epithelial barrier dysfunction in obesity. Strategic targeting of proteins implicated in these pathways and metabolites such as short‐chain fatty acids presents a promising intervention for restoring barrier functionality among individuals with obesity. Nonetheless, recognizing the heterogeneity among affected individuals is paramount; personalized medical interventions or dietary regimens tailored to specific genetic backgrounds and allergy profiles may prove indispensable. This comprehensive review delves into the nexus of obesity, tight junction remodeling, and barrier dysfunction, offering a critical appraisal of potential therapeutic interventions.
Quantifying innate immune response of an insect host challenged by non‐replicative immune inducers
Authors: Wang Keran , Han Jiapei , Zhang Qinhao , Yang Dengfeng , Zhang Xiaomeng , He Bei , Yu Guozhi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNon‐linear immune response is one of the causes of multi‐stability of infection outcomes. In order to avoid the uncertainty caused by multi‐stability in experiments, one needs to quantitatively measure immune response and other traits as well. Here, we took a quantitative approach, which combines mathematical model and time‐series data, to measure the immune response of the Tenebrio moliter challenged by non‐replicative immune inducers. The results showed that the host immunity that characterized by in‐vitro bacterial killing rapidly mounted after immune challenging, then slowly declined to an undetectable level within 100 h. We then quantified the immunity at 15 h after challenging. The results showed that immune response was non‐linearly correlated with the titter of inducer, which fits well to a Hill‐like function. Our results have verified the non‐linear immune response with respect to amount of invading pathogens and may also help to rigorously test the concepts and theories in host–pathogen interaction, such as resistance and tolerance.
Growth patterns by birth size of preterm children born at 24–29 gestational weeks for the first 3 years
Authors: Fenton Tanis R. , Samycia Lauren , Elmrayed Seham , Nasser Roseann , Alshaikh Belal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundConcerns are prevalent about preterm infant long‐term growth regarding plotting low on growth charts at discharge, stunting, underweight, high body fat and subsequent cardiometabolic morbidities.ObjectivesTo examine (a) longitudinal growth patterns of extremely and very preterm infants to 3 years corrected age (CA) (outcome), categorised by their birthweight for gestational age: small, appropriate and large for gestational age (SGA, AGA and LGA, respectively) (exposure); and (b) the ability of growth faltering (<−2 z‐scores) to predict suboptimal cognitive scores at 3 years CA.MethodsPost‐discharge head, length, weight and weight‐4‐length growth patterns of the PreM Growth cohort study infants born <30 weeks and < 1500 g, who had dietitian and multi‐disciplinary support before and after discharge, were plotted against the World Health Organization growth standard. Infants with brain injuries, necrotising enterocolitis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were excluded.ResultsOf the included 405 infants, the proportions of infants with anthropometric measures > − 2 z‐scores improved with age. The highest proportions <−2 z‐scores for length (24.2%) and weight (24.0%) were at 36 gestational weeks. The proportion with small heads was low by 0 months CA (1.8%). By 3 years CA, only a few children plotted lower than −2 z‐scores for length, weight‐4‐length and weight (<6%). After zero months CA, high weight‐4‐length and body mass index > + 2 z‐scores were rare (2.1% at 3 years CA). Those born SGA had higher proportions with shorter heights (16.7% vs. 5.2%) and lower weights (27.8% vs. 3.5%) at 3 years CA compared to those born AGA. The ability of growth faltering to predict cognitive scores was limited (AUROC 0.42, 95% CI 0.39, 0.45 to 0.52, 95% CI 0.41, 0.63).ConclusionsAlthough children born <30 weeks gestation without major neonatal morbidities plot low on growth charts at 36 weeks CA most catch up to growth chart curves by 3 years CA.
Sympathetic arousal among depressed college students: Examining the interplay between psychopathology and social activity
Authors: Jelsma Elizabeth , Zhang Amy , Goosby Bridget J. , Cheadle Jacob E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDepressed individuals exhibit altered sensitivity to both positive and negative social contact, and may not reap the same psychological and emotional benefits to socializing as non‐depressed individuals. Although depressive symptoms and loneliness predict social withdrawal and decreased pleasure, little is currently understood about immediate affective arousal dynamics during real‐time socializing. Using a novel ambulatory protocol that tracked both objective features of affective arousal (electrodermal activity) and subjective valence (self‐reported) during college students' social interactions, we evaluated the moderating role of depression and loneliness symptoms on the associations between socializing with others (specifically, with a romantic partner, a close friend, or a group of friends) and the arousal and valence dimensions of affect. Among a racially and ethnically diverse sample of 118 college students (64% African American/Black/Continental African, 20% Latinx, 8% Asian, and 8% White) recruited from a large, predominantly White Midwestern university, those lower in depression and loneliness symptomatology evinced decreased average arousal (Β = −0.10, SE = 0.04, p < .01) when in relaxed and intimate socializing contexts (e.g., with a romantic partner and a close friend), consistent with the idea that these contexts facilitate important opportunities for psychological rest and recovery. Those lower in depression and loneliness symptoms also showed higher average arousal when socializing in the energizing context of being with a group of friends. Overall, the results suggest psychopathology is reflected in patterns of sympathetic arousal when socializing, with more depressed and lonely individuals generally feeling worse while receiving fewer psychophysiological rewards in multiple socializing contexts.
The Balancing Exercise and the Resolution of Rhetorical Antinomies in Judicial Decision‐Making
Authors: Soboleva Anita 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe “balancing exercise” engaged in by judges in cases involving conflicts of rights can be analysed in rhetorical terms as a process for resolving rhetorical antinomies, where an antinomy is understood as a contradiction between two equally justifiable conclusions drawn from two or more equally applicable rules or principles. By investigating the possible responses to antinomies and identifying their types, we can better understand the process of judicial decision‐making and the ways which international and national courts justify their decisions.
Causal effects of genetically determined metabolites on androgenetic alopecia: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Du Yimei , Lu Changpei , Bi Lingbo , Wang Chaofan , Zhao Min , Ding Yunbu , Fan Weixin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common non‐scarring alopecia disorder. Given its increasing incidence and onset during adolescence, AGA significantly impacts both the physical and psychological well‐being of affected individuals. Emerging evidence suggests a pivotal role of metabolites in AGA. This study aims to elucidate the causal relationship between metabolites and AGA using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsWe conducted a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis based on a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to assess the causality of 452 metabolites on AGA. The main approach employed for inferring causal effects was inverse variance weighted (IVW), which was complemented by MR‐Egger regression, weighted median, as well as MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR‐PRESSO) approaches. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure result robustness. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) in GWAS dataset comprising 452 metabolites.ResultsNotably, we identified Scyllo‐inositol and Alpha‐ketoglutarate as the most potent protective factors against AGA, while Heme* and 2‐palmitoylglycerophosphocholine* emerged as significant risk factors for AGA. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis revealed no heterogeneity in these findings.ConclusionsOverall, our research suggests a potential causal link between metabolites and AGA, offering a more comprehensive insight into the pathogenesis of AGA and present additional strategies for prevention and treatment.
On a lower bound of Hausdorff dimension of weighted singular vectors
Authors: Kim Taehyeong , Park Jaemin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLet be a ‐tuple of positive real numbers such that and . A ‐dimensional vector is said to be ‐singular if for every , there exists such that for all , the system of inequalities
has an integer solution . We prove that the Hausdorff dimension of the set of ‐singular vectors in is bounded below by . Our result partially extends the previous result of Liao et al. [Hausdorff dimension of weighted singular vectors in , J. Eur. Math. Soc. 22 (2020), 833–875].
Political economy analysis of health: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Karuveettil Vineetha , Janakiram Chandrashekar , John Denny , Mathur Manu , Varma Balagopal , Green Heidi 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map the literature on concepts, definitions, frameworks, outcomes, and applications of political economic analysis of health.

Introduction:
The political economy of health approach seeks to understand how political and economic domains interact and shape individual and population health outcomes. A political economic analysis can provide insights into health problems and inequalities; however, there needs to be more clarity on how the political economy framework is defined and the methods adopted for conducting political economy analysis concerning health.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies focusing on the political economy analysis addressing specific health problems will be included. The study population is not limited to any sociodemographic characteristics, and there will be no restrictions on language or the source of evidence (primary studies or secondary data studies). Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies will included, but narrative and systematic reviews will be excluded, as will conference abstracts and editorials. Studies involving sector- or country-level analysis will be included.

Methods:
The review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Databases to be searched include MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, ProQuest, DynaMed, and gray literature via Google Scholar and OAIster. Two reviewers will perform study screening and data extraction using a customized data extraction form. The concepts, definitions, frameworks, outcomes, and applications of the political economy of health will be summarized and discussed. The health problems addressed using political economy analysis will be enumerated. Stakeholder engagement will guide all steps of the study. Results will be presented in tabular and graphical formats accompanied by a narrative summary.

Review registration:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/4qaxr/
Age‐related changes in reticulospinal contributions to anticipatory postural adjustments between back extensors and abdominal muscles
Authors: Chiou Shin‐Yi , Unwin Catherine , Lilley Alice 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) give feedforward postural control of the trunk, but they are delayed with ageing, affecting balance and mobility in older individuals. The reticulospinal tract contributes to postural control of the trunk; however, the extent to which age‐related changes affect the reticulospinal contributions to APAs of the trunk remains unknown in humans. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a startling acoustic sound, which activates the reticulospinal tract, improves delayed APAs in older individuals. Twenty‐two old (75 ± 6 years) and 20 healthy young adults (21 ± 4 years) performed a self‐initiated fast bilateral shoulder flexion or shoulder extension task in response to visual, visual and auditory (80 dB), or visual and startling (115 dB) cues. Electromyography (EMG) was recorded from bilateral anterior deltoid (AD) and erector spinae (ES) during shoulder flexion and from bilateral posterior deltoid (PD) and rectus abdominis (RA) during shoulder extension. EMG onset of all muscles shortened during the startling cue in both age groups, suggesting a non‐specific modulation of the reticulospinal tract on prime movers (AD or PD) and non‐prime movers (ES or RA). Interestingly, APAs of the ES were accelerated in older participants to a similar degree as in younger participants during the startling cue. Conversely, APAs of the RA were not influenced by the startling cue in older participants. Our results suggest differential effects of ageing on functional contributions of the reticulospinal tract to APAs between back extensors and abdominal muscles.
mRNA cap-binding protein eIF4E1 is a novel regulator of
Toxoplasma gondii
latency
Authors: Holmes Michael J. , Bastos Matheus S. , Dey Vishakha , Severo Vanessa , Wek Ronald C. , Sullivan William J. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

The protozoan parasite
Toxoplasma gondii
causes serious opportunistic disease due to its ability to persist in patients as latent tissue cysts. The molecular mechanisms coordinating conversion between proliferative parasites (tachyzoites) and latent cysts (bradyzoites) are not fully understood. We previously showed that phosphorylation of eIF2α accompanies bradyzoite formation, suggesting that this clinically relevant process involves regulation of mRNA translation. In this study, we investigated the composition and role of eIF4F multi-subunit complexes in translational control. Using CLIPseq, we find that the cap-binding subunit, eIF4E1, localizes to the 5′-end of all tachyzoite mRNAs, many of which show evidence of stemming from heterogeneous transcriptional start sites. We further show that eIF4E1 operates as the predominant cap-binding protein in two distinct eIF4F complexes. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we found that eIF4E1 deficiency triggers efficient spontaneous formation of bradyzoites without stress induction. Consistent with this result, we also show that stress-induced bradyzoites exhibit reduced eIF4E1 expression. Overall, our findings establish a novel role for eIF4F in translational control required for parasite latency and microbial persistence.

IMPORTANCE

Toxoplasma gondii
is an opportunistic pathogen important to global human and animal health. There are currently no chemotherapies targeting the encysted form of the parasite. Consequently, a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling encystation is required. Here we show that the mRNA cap-binding protein, eIF4E1, regulates the encystation process. Encysted parasites reduce eIF4E1 levels, and depletion of eIF4E1 decreases the translation of ribosome-associated machinery and drives
Toxoplasma
encystation. Together, these data reveal a new layer of mRNA translational control that regulates parasite encystation and latency.
TurboID mapping reveals the exportome of secreted intrinsically disordered proteins in the transforming parasite
Theileria annulata
Authors: Brühlmann Francis , Perry Carmen , Griessen Charlotte , Gunasekera Kapila , Reymond Jean-Louis , Naguleswaran Arunasalam , Rottenberg Sven , Woods Kerry , Olias Philipp 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Theileria annulata
is a tick-transmitted apicomplexan parasite that gained the unique ability among parasitic eukaryotes to transform its host cell, inducing a fatal cancer-like disease in cattle. Understanding the mechanistic interplay between the host cell and malignant
Theileria
species that drives this transformation requires the identification of responsible parasite effector proteins. In this study, we used TurboID-based proximity labeling, which unbiasedly identified secreted parasite proteins within host cell compartments. By fusing TurboID to nuclear export or localization signals, we biotinylated proteins in the vicinity of the ligase enzyme in the nucleus or cytoplasm of infected macrophages, followed by mass spectrometry analysis. Our approach revealed with high confidence nine nuclear and four cytosolic candidate parasite proteins within the host cell compartments, eight of which had no orthologs in non-transforming
T. orientalis
. Strikingly, all eight of these proteins are predicted to be highly intrinsically disordered proteins. We discovered a novel tandem arrayed protein family, nuclear intrinsically disordered proteins (NIDP) 1–4, featuring diverse functions predicted by conserved protein domains. Particularly, NIDP2 exhibited a biphasic host cell-cycle-dependent localization, interacting with the EB1/CD2AP/CLASP1 parasite membrane complex at the schizont surface and the tumor suppressor stromal antigen 2 (STAG2), a cohesion complex subunit, in the host nucleus. In addition to STAG2, numerous NIDP2-associated host nuclear proteins implicated in various cancers were identified, shedding light on the potential role of the
T. annulata
exported protein family NIDP in host cell transformation and cancer-related pathways.

IMPORTANCE

TurboID proximity labeling was used to identify secreted proteins of
Theileria annulata
, an apicomplexan parasite responsible for a fatal, proliferative disorder in cattle that represents a significant socio-economic burden in North Africa, central Asia, and India. Our investigation has provided important insights into the unique host-parasite interaction, revealing secreted parasite proteins characterized by intrinsically disordered protein structures. Remarkably, these proteins are conspicuously absent in non-transforming
Theileria
species, strongly suggesting their central role in the transformative processes within host cells. Our study identified a novel tandem arrayed protein family, with nuclear intrinsically disordered protein 2 emerging as a central player interacting with established tumor genes. Significantly, this work represents the first unbiased screening for exported proteins in
Theileria
and contributes essential insights into the molecular intricacies behind the malignant transformation of immune cells.