bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Race, Racial Resentment, Attentiveness to the News Media, and Public Opinion Toward the Jena Six*
Authors: Goidel Kirby , Parent Wayne , Mann Bob 
Published: February 2011

Objective. We outline the role of race, racial resentment, and attentiveness to news in structuring public opinion toward the prosecution of the Jena Six, the name given to six African‐American high school students who beat a white student, five of whom were subsequently charged with attempted second‐degree murder.Method. We rely on a telephone survey of 428 registered voters collected in the aftermath of the protests in Jena, Louisiana.Results. Public reactions were heavily filtered by race and associated with measures of racial resentment. African Americans followed news about the protests more closely, believed race was the most important consideration in the decision to prosecute, and believed the decision to prosecute was the wrong decision. Racially conservative white respondents were less likely to believe race was the most important consideration in the decision to prosecute and were more likely to believe that the decision to prosecute was the right decision. Consistent with theories of agenda setting and framing, attentiveness to the news influenced perceptions regarding the importance of race in the decision to prosecute but not whether the decision was the right decision.Conclusions. At least within the context of the Deep South, race and racial attitudes continue to be an important predictor of public reactions to racially charged events. Attentiveness to the news influenced the lens through which events were interpreted, but not perceptions of whether the outcome was the right decision.
Religion and Attitudes Toward Same‐Sex Marriage Among U.S. Latinos*
Authors: Ellison Christopher G. , Acevedo Gabriel A. , Ramos‐Wada Aida I. 
Published: February 2011

Objectives.This study examines links between multiple aspects of religious involvement and attitudes toward same‐sex marriage among U.S. Latinos. The primary focus is on variations by affiliation and participation, but the possible mediating roles of biblical beliefs, clergy cues, and the role of religion in shaping political views are also considered.Methods.We use binary logistic regression models to analyze data from a large nationwide sample of U.S. Latinos conducted by the Pew Hispanic Forum in late 2006.Results.Findings highlight the strong opposition to same‐sex marriage among Latino evangelical (or conservative) Protestants and members of sectarian groups (e.g., LDS), even compared with devout Catholics. Although each of the hypothesized mediators is significantly linked with attitudes toward same‐sex marriage, for the most part controlling for them does not alter the massive affiliation/attendance differences in attitudes toward same‐sex marriage.Conclusions.This study illustrates the importance of religious cleavages in public opinion on social issues within the diverse U.S. Latino population. The significance of religious variations in Hispanic civic life is likely to increase with the growth of the Latino population and the rising numbers of Protestants and sectarians among Latinos.
Parental Job Loss and Children's Educational Attainment in Black and White Middle‐Class Families*
Authors: Kalil Ariel , Wightman Patrick 
Published: February 2011

Objectives. We aim to understand why blacks are significantly less likely than whites to perpetuate their middle‐class status across generations. To do so, we focus on the potentially different associations between parental job loss and youth's educational attainment in black and white middle‐class families.Methods. We use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), following those children “born” into the survey between 1968 and 1979 and followed through age 21. We conduct multivariate regression analyses to test the association between parental job loss during childhood and youth's educational attainment by age 21.Results. We find that parental job loss is associated with a lesser likelihood of obtaining any postsecondary education for all offspring, but that the association for blacks is almost three times as strong. A substantial share of the differential impact of job loss on black and white middle‐class youth is explained by race differences in household wealth, long‐run measures of family income, and, especially, parental experience of long‐term unemployment.Conclusions. These findings highlight the fragile economic foundation of the black middle class and suggest that intergenerational persistence of class status in this population may be highly dependent on the avoidance of common economic shocks.
An Experimental Test of the Effects of Fictional Framing on Attitudes*
Authors: Mulligan Kenneth , Habel Philip 
Published: February 2011

Objectives. Most studies of media effects in political communication focus on news media. A smaller body of work extends theories of news media effects to fictional entertainment media. Just as news media engage in priming and agenda setting, these studies suggest that fictional media do as well. In this study, we deal with fictional media's framing of issues. No research has sought to test the effects of framing in explicitly fictional media on political opinions. We develop the outlines of a theory we call “fictional framing” and test it in an experiment.Methods. Participants in our treatment group watched the film Cider House Rules. The movie frames the issue of abortion in the case of incest in a pro‐choice way, and frames morality in terms of following one's own conscience.Results. The film influenced opinions in ways consistent with the framing of these issues.Conclusions. Since abortion opinions and moral values tend to be entrenched, we consider this a strong first test of the effects of fictional framing.
Normative Collective Behavior in The Station Building Fire*
Authors: Aguirre B. E. , Torres Manuel R. , Gill Kimberly B. , Lawrence Hotchkiss H. 
Published: February 2011

Objective. This article offers a test of the normative explanation of collective behavior by examining the fire at the Station nightclub in Rhode Island that killed 100 and injured nearly 200 persons.Methods. Information on all persons at the club comes from content analysis of documents from the Rhode Island Police Department, the Rhode Island Office of the Attorney General, and The Providence Journal. We use negative binomial regression to test hypotheses about the effects of group‐level predictors of the counts of dead and injured in 179 groups at the nightclub.Results. Results indicate that group‐level factors such as distance of group members at the start of the fire, the number of intimate relations among them, the extent to which they had visited the nightclub prior to the incident, and the average length of the evacuation route they used predict counts of injured and dead. The research also looks at what behavioral differences exist between survivors and victims, ascertains the existence of role extension among employees of the nightclub, and provides support for the affirmation that dangerous contexts negate the protective influence of intimate relations in groups.Conclusion. We argue for the abandonment of current emphasis on irrationality and herd‐like imitative behavior in studies of evacuation from structural fires in buildings and for the inclusion of group‐level processes in social psychological explanations of these incidents.
The Personal Costs of Subprime Lending and the Foreclosure Crisis: A Matter of Trust, Insecurity, and Institutional Deception*
Authors: Ross Lauren M. , Squires Gregory D. 
Published: February 2011

Objective. Research on widespread loan failures suggests that many of the mortgage loans that were made since 2000 were of a deceptive or predatory nature. This study explores the experiences and sentiments of those who are at risk of foreclosure within a broader framework of trust, individualization, and ontological security.Methods. Interviews examine families' lending experience and how they have coped with their personal troubles that resulted from their housing crisis.Results. As many of these loans were of a deceptive or predatory nature, individuals are likely to reflect on the psychological consequences of their predicament. Although these findings suggest that these individuals have lost trust in the housing market, many have internalized their situation as a personal failure. In addition, feelings of anxiety, stress, insecurity, and uncertainty have come to characterize their experiences.Conclusions. This research calls for policy recommendations that seek to restore confidence and to ensure greater consumer protection in financial markets.
Pulling Toward or Pulling Away: Deliberation, Disagreement, and Opinion Extremity in Political Participation*
Authors: Wojcieszak Magdalena 
Published: February 2011

Objective. Evidence supports two somewhat contradictory notions: deliberation is to encourage engagement, but disagreement may decrease participation. This study aims to provide a common denominator in the debate. It distinguishes between deliberation and political disagreement that emerges during deliberation to test which factors advance or thwart participatory goals. This study also accounts for opinion extremity, which may moderate the tested relationships.Methods. This study draws on quasi‐experimental data from participants in structured, moderated, and heterogeneous face‐to‐face deliberations on sexual minority rights in Poland (N=181).Results. Relative to the pretest, deliberation discouraged moderates from active engagement and pulled them away from communicative participation. As predicted, extreme participants who perceived high disagreement intended to be more active than their counterparts in like‐minded groups.Conclusions. Research on deliberative versus participatory democracy should differentiate between deliberation and political disagreement as well as account for individual characteristics that affect responses to deliberation and disagreement. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Party Control, Policy Reforms, and the Impact on Health Insurance Coverage in the U.S. States*
Authors: Cummins Jeff 
Published: February 2011

Objectives. One of the major policy concerns at the federal and state level is the rising number of individuals without health insurance. The purpose of this article is to investigate whether party control of government and various state reforms impact the percentage of the state population without health insurance.Methods. Using data from 1987–2007, I empirically examine whether party control and five state policy reforms reduce the uninsured population.Results. The results show that Republicans are more effective than Democrats at the state level at reducing insurance gaps and that three of five policy reforms explored appear to significantly expand insurance coverage.Conclusions. The results provide valuable insight into which components of health‐care reform at the national level may help address the health insurance problem.
Electoral Support for Community Growth Management Policy*
Authors: Hawkins Christopher 
Published: February 2011

Objectives. This study seeks to explain the variation in voter support for growth management policy. Interest group theory of local politics and property rights is used as a theoretical framework to explore how competing pro‐growth and anti‐growth interests influence the level of electoral support at the ballot box.Methods. Survey data collected from local planning officials in Massachusetts are analyzed using a two‐stage Heckman selection model.Results. The results indicate that development competition has a negative effect and controversy over development a positive effect on the probability of a community placing growth management policy on the local ballot. The analysis further indicates that environmental interests and suburban communities have a positive influence on the percentage of votes cast in favor of conservation‐oriented growth management policy. Neighborhood‐based interests, on the other hand, have a negative influence on voter support.Conclusions. The findings suggest that compared to the normal legislative process, ballot‐box voting allows anti‐growth and localized interests the opportunity to craft proposals and then mobilize support for policy changes.
Strategic Market Entry Project
Authors: Ferguson William L. , Ferguson Tamela D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSuccessful risk management is critical to top level decision makers in any organization, involving fundamental strategic policy and planning to identify and allocate scarce resources to projects or activities that generate sustainable competitive advantage and maximize available long‐term growth opportunities, or even survival. This article describes a flexible group project wherein students of risk management and insurance (RMI) may gain additional exposure and experience with applications of fundamental strategic management theory in the context of their particular RMI major coursework. The Project may be a useful tool in helping RMI students further develop their research and presentation skills, as well as enhance critical strategic decision making; exposure to cultural, regional or globalization issues; application of fundamental strategic management concepts; and knowledge of current events. While this Project was developed primarily for RMI students, students across business disciplines also may benefit from participation.
Minimizing the Cost of Risk With Simulation Optimization Technique
Authors: Lei Yu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFor risk managers, one overarching goal is to help their organizations maximize stakeholders’ value, which can be achieved by minimizing the cost of risk. Oftentimes such optimization decisions have to be made under uncertainty. This article presents a teaching note that demonstrates how to use simulation‐based software to run optimization involving uncertain factors. Specifically, a hypothetical example regarding workers’ compensation claims cost was created to provide a step‐by‐step instruction for conducting simulation optimization.
The social life of a “free” gift
Authors: VENKATESAN SOUMHYA 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTIn this article, I continue the anthropological interest in gifting. I trace the story of a historical failed gift of a South Indian woven mat to Queen Elizabeth II, which, in later accounts was transformed into a successful gift. Identifying this mythical successful gift as a “free gift” (following Jacques Derrida) reveals the power of descriptions in making relations. I argue that the transformation of an unsuccessful gift into a mythical free gift is a product of magnification and supplementation, with concomitant effects on forms of sociality and personhood. I also explore the relationship between gifts and commodities through a focus on what might be termed “inalienable” commodities.
Corruption as power: Caste and the political imagination of the postcolonial state
Authors: WITSOE JEFFREY 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTIn this article, I examine the ways in which a politics of caste empowerment that became central to democratic politics in much of north India in the early 1990s altered the ways in which the state was popularly imagined. Many people began to perceive state institutions as inherently corrupt sources of political patronage that, having long served to perpetuate upper‐caste dominance, could now be used in the same way by a new class of political leaders to empower lower‐caste groups. Within this context, corruption was tolerated, sometimes even celebrated, as a means to lower‐caste empowerment.
Internal transmigrants: A Dagomba diaspora
Authors: PELLOW DEBORAH 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTIn this article, I focus on a tiny elite community of Dagomba from Ghana's Northern Region. These men (and a handful of women) were among the first to attend secondary school once it was established in the North. Highly visible professionals, these Dagomba are internal migrants, whose new world in Accra is socially and spatially vastly different from the old in the hometown area of Dagbon. Members of this diaspora are cosmopolitans, intermingling with new kinds of people and transforming ideas and practices, but, at the same time, they maintain complex social relationships with their home communities, serving as a bridge between home and host societies.
What is the impact of transnational migration on family life? Women's comparisons of internal and international migration in a small town in Ghana
Authors: COE CATI 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTMost scholarship on the effects of transnational migration on family life has argued that such migration results in profound shifts and dislocations in family practices and gender ideologies. Much of this work, however, has overlooked processes of internal migration: How different is transnational migration from internal migration in its impact on family life? By comparing families of transnational migrants with those of internal migrants in a small town in Ghana, I explore the effect of place and distance—as generated by human activity—on the maintenance of parent–child and spousal relations. I conclude that transnational migration exacerbates conflicts that exist in families unaffected by transnational migrations.
Quoting Mario Juruna: Linguistic imagery and the transformation of indigenous voice in the Brazilian print press
Authors: GRAHAM LAURA R. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTIn this article, I reveal the textual mechanisms that influential news editors employed to manipulate popular understandings of Mario Juruna, a Xavante leader who played an important role in advancing democracy during Brazil's military dictatorship and became the first Indian elected to national office. I argue that editors used the implicit messages of represented language to initiate shifts in the public's perception of the Xavante leader and thereby to change its opinion of him. Juruna's case illustrates that linguistic resources are powerful tools that hegemonic institutions, such as the press, and other dominant parties may employ to advance their own interests and influence public opinion on matters of political and social import.
Comparison of muscle and tendon stiffness, jumping ability muscle strength and fatigue in the plantar flexors
Authors: Svantesson U. , Carlsson U. , Takahashi H. , Thomée R. , Grimby G. 
Published: February 2011

Svantesson U, Carlsson U, Takahashi H, Thomée R, Grimby G. Comparison of muscle and tendon stiffness, jumping ability, muscle strength and fatigue in the plantar flexors.An isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure plantar flexion muscle strength at 60°/s and 200°/s in 10 healthy young men (mean age 25 years). Muscle and tendon stiffnesses were determined on the dynamometer by the use of electrical stimulation and passive stretch (200°/s). Differences in jumping heights between squat and counter‐movement jumps were calculated from flight times. The number of heel‐rises performed until exhaustion, standing on one leg, were counted. Stepwise regression analysis showed that differences in jumping height increased with lower muscle strength and with higher muscle and tendon stiffnesses, indicating that elastic components may be of more importance in persons with lower muscle strength. The number of heel‐rises was negatively dependant on tendon stiffness, indicating that increased stiffness may enhance the development of fatigue.
Isokinetic knee extensor strength and functional performance in healthy female soccer players
Authors: östenberg A. , Roos E. , Ekdah C. , Roos H. 
Published: February 2011

östenberg A, Roos E, Ekdahl C, Roos H. Isokinetic knee extensor strength and functional performance in healthy female soccer players.The aims of this study were to determine the relationship between isokinetic knee extensor muscle strength at 60°/s and 180°/s and five functional performance tests (one‐leg‐hop, triple‐jump, vertical‐jump, one‐leg‐rising and square‐hop), to determine the relationship between the five different functional performance tests and to present normative data and limb symmetry index concerning healthy female soccer players. In total 101 female soccer players ([Text Missing]X=20.3 years) were tested. A limb symmetry index, using weak/strong leg, varied from 83.9 to 96.3 in the tests. Between the functional performance tests there were in general correlations of r=0.4‐0.8 (P<0.001). A correlation of r=0.77 (P<0.001) was obtained between one‐leg‐hop and triple‐jump. No differences were found between the right and the left leg or the dominant and the non‐dominant leg. Using linear regression models corrected for body weight, height and age, there were low correlations between the isokinetic strength measurements and the functional tests. It is not recommended using functional performance testing and isokinetic testing interchangeably.
Body composition and cross‐sectional areas of limb lean tissues in Olympic weight lifters
Authors: Kanehisa H. , Ikegawa S. , Fukunaga T. 
Published: February 2011

Kanehisa H, Ikegawa S, Fukunaga T. Body composition and cross‐sectional areas of limb lean tissues in Olympic weight lifters.The cross‐sectional area (CSAs) of bone and muscle tissues in the forearm, upper arm, lower leg, and thigh and body composition were determined by B‐mode ultrasound and underwater weighing methods, respectively, for 56 college Olympic weight lifters and 28 age‐matched non‐athletes to investigate the magnitude of musculoskeletal development in the strength‐trained athletes belonging to the weight‐classified sports event. The average value of fat‐free mass (FFM) for the weight lifters ranked 12.6 kg above the regression line of FFM on stature for untrained subjects. In the weight lifters, however, the percentage of fat mass to body mass was also highly correlated to body mass index. Bone and muscle CSAs in every site were significantly larger in the weight lifter than in the untrained subjects with relative differences of 22 to 58% and 17 to 56%, respectively. Moreover, as a result of regression analysis for the mixed data from weight lifters and untrained subjects, significant correlation was found between bone and muscle CSAs in every site (r=0.620 to 0.791, P<0.05). The differences in lean (bone + muscle) CSA were still significant in all sites except for the lower leg even when the difference in body size was statistically controlled. The comparisons between the weight lifters and untrained subjects on the lean CSA ratios of site to site and muscle CSA ratios of flexors to extensors indicated that the weight lifters had achieved a high relative distribution of lean tissues in the arms and a dominant development in elbow and knee extensors. Thus, the present results suggested that participation in weight lifting exercises for a long period could increase bone CSA as well as muscle CSA, and induce in the participants a noticeable enlargement in given sites and muscle groups responsible for performing the Olympic lifts.