bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability Analysis of an Additive Spline Model for Respiratory Health Data by Using Knot Removal
Authors: Binder Harald , Sauerbrei Willi 
Published: April 2009

Summary
In many settings with possibly non-linear influence of covariates, such as in the present application with children’s respiratory health data, generalized additive models are an attractive choice. Although techniques for fitting these have been extensively investigated, there are fewer results on stability of replication, i.e. stability of fitted model components with respect to perturbations in the data. Nevertheless, this aspect is essential for judging how useful the present model is for understanding predictors of lung function. We therefore investigate existing tools for stability analysis based on bootstrap samples, such as quantities for variability and bias, for our application. Furthermore, as the focus is on models based on B-splines, knot removal techniques are available. These can help to provide more insight into the stability of local features that are fitted in bootstrap samples. We analyse the bootstrap result matrix via log-linear models. Specifically, the relationship with respect to local features between the influence functions of potential lung function predictors is investigated.
WORKERS' BEHAVIOR AND LABOR CONTRACT: AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH
Authors: Hiller Victor 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the co‐evolution of labor relationships and workers' preferences. The workforce is composed by cooperative and non‐cooperative workers, while firms offer either explicit or implicit contracts. Both the distribution of preferences and the nature of labor contract are endogenized: firms invest in corporate culture in order to change workers' preferences and the proportion of each type of contract is driven by an evolutionary process. The complementarity between the transmission of cooperation and the implementation of implicit contracts leads to multiple equilibria and path dependence phenomenon. This property is illustrated by historical evolutions of American and Japanese labor contracts.
Screening for childhood mental health problems: outcomes and early identification
Authors: Essex Marilyn J. , Kraemer Helena C. , Slattery Marcia J. , Burk Linnea R. , Thomas Boyce W. , Woodward Hermi R. , Kupfer David J. 
Published: April 2009

Background:  Many childhood psychiatric problems are transient. Consequently, screening procedures to accurately identify children with problems unlikely to remit and thus, in need of intervention, are of major public health concern. This study aimed to develop a universal school‐based screening procedure based on the answers to three questions: (1) What are the broad patterns of mental health problems from kindergarten to grade 5? (2) What are the grade 5 outcomes of these patterns? (3) How early in school can children likely to develop the most impairing patterns be identified accurately?Methods:  Mothers and teachers reported on a community sample (N = 328) of children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms in kindergarten and grades 1, 3, and 5. In grade 5, teachers reported on children’s school‐based functional impairments, physical health problems, and service use; mothers reported on children’s specialty mental health care.Results:  Four patterns distinguished children who (1) never evidenced symptoms; (2) evidenced only isolated symptoms; or evidenced recurrent symptoms, either (3) without or (4) with comorbid internalizing and externalizing. By grade 5, children with recurrent comorbid symptoms had the greatest impairments, physical health problems, and service use. These children can be identified quite accurately by grade 1.Conclusions:  Universal screening at school entry can effectively identify children likely to develop recurrent comorbid symptoms, and would provide a basis for developing optimal targeted intervention programs.
Can captivity lead to inter‐species mating in two Mesocricetus hamster species?
Authors: DelBarco‐Trillo J. , Gulewicz K. , Segal A. , McPhee M. E. , Johnston R. E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn two closely related species, females generally prefer conspecific males over heterospecific males. We found that estrous (but not diestrous) female Syrian hamsters Mesocricetus auratus prefer the odors of conspecific males to odors of Turkish hamsters Mesocricetus brandti. However, female Syrian hamsters are not aggressive toward male Turkish hamsters and will readily mate with them. We hypothesize that many generations in captivity led to a reduction in females' ability to avoid inter‐species mating, possibly related to the heightened sexual receptivity observed in Mesocricetus hamsters in captivity. To test this hypothesis, we replicated a study carried out with female Turkish hamsters soon after the current laboratory stock of this species was established. In that study, female Turkish hamsters showed lordosis toward male Syrian hamsters in only 20% of interactions and attacked heterospecific males in 80% of the pairings. Using animals descended from that original colony (after many generations in captivity and certain episodes of inbreeding), 100% of female Turkish hamsters mated with heterospecific males and none showed aggression toward heterospecific males. Thus female avoidance of inter‐specific mating may be affected by captive rearing conditions.
Cognition and adaptive skills in myotonic dystrophy type 1: a study of 55 individuals with congenital and childhood forms
Authors: EKSTRÖM ANNE‐BERIT , HAKENÄS‐PLATE LOUISE , TULINIUS MÁR , WENTZ ELISABET 
Published: April 2009

Aims  To investigate cognitive abilities and adaptive skills in children and adolescents with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and correlate the findings to the cytosine‐thymine‐guanine (CTG) repeat expansion size.Method  Cognitive level was assessed in 55 children and adolescents with DM1 (31 males, 24 females; mean age 12y 1mo, SD 5y 1mo; range 2y 7mo–21y 5mo) divided into the following categories: severe congenital DM1 (n=19), mild congenital DM1 (n=18), and childhood DM1 (n=18). The Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale, the Wechsler Scales, and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) for adaptive skills were used for this purpose.Results  Learning disability was found in 95% of the severe congenital group, 83% of the mild congenital group, and 89% of the childhood DM1 group. The more severe the form of DM1, the lower the full‐scale IQ (FSIQ; rs=0.28, p=0.044). The individuals with severe congenital and childhood DM1 had a significantly higher verbal IQ than performance IQ (severe congenital: mean difference 5.7, SD 5.7, p=0.008; childhood DM1: mean difference 9.8, SD 18.0, p=0.038). CTG repeat expansion correlated negatively with FSIQ (rs=−0.63, p<0.006). Almost all participants showed poor results on the VABS. There was a positive relationship between cognitive level and adaptive skills in the mild congenital (rs=0.95, p<0.01) and childhood DM1 groups (rs=0.92, p<0.01).Interpretation  Children and adolescents with DM1 exhibit significant cognitive and adaptive problems.
In vivo muscle architecture and size of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: MOREAU NOELLE G , TEEFEY SHARLENE A , DAMIANO DIANE L 
Published: April 2009

Aim  Our aim was to investigate muscle architecture and size of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) compared with age‐matched typically developing participants.Method  Muscle architecture and size were measured with ultrasound imaging in 18 participants with spastic CP (9 females, 9 males; age range 7.5–19y; mean age 12y [SD 3y 2mo]) within Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I (n=4), II (n=2), III (n=9), and IV (n=3) and 12 typically developing participants (10 females, 2 males; age range 7–20y; mean age 12y 4mo [SD 3y 11mo]). Exclusion criteria were orthopedic surgery or neurosurgery within 6 months before testing or botulinum toxin injections to the quadriceps within 3 months before testing.Results  RF cross‐sectional area was significantly lower (48%), RF and VL muscle thickness 30% lower, RF fascicle length 27% lower, and VL fascicle angle 3° less in participants with CP compared to the typically developing participants (p<0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficients were ≥0.93 (CP) and ≥ 0.88 (typical development), indicating excellent reliability.Interpretation  These results provide the first evidence of altered muscle architecture and size of the RF and VL in CP, similar to patterns observed with disuse and aging. These alterations may play a significant role in the decreased capacity for force generation as well as decreased shortening velocity and range of motion over which the quadriceps can act.
Grammatical dissociation during acquired childhood aphasia
Authors: MARTINS ISABEL PAVÃO , LOUREIRO CLARA , RAMOS SARA , MORENO TERESA 
Published: April 2009

Aim  We report the case of a 6‐year‐old female who suffered a left hemisphere stroke attributed to a genetically determined prothrombotic state. She presented a fluent speech pattern with selective difficulty in retrieving names but not verbs. An evaluation was designed to clarify whether her symptoms represented a specific impairment of name retrieval.Method  The child undertook an experimental battery of visual naming tasks requiring the production of 52 nouns (belonging to nine different semantic categories) and 44 verbs. Her performance was compared with that of 12 healthy children, matched for age and IQ, attending a local kindergarten.Results  The child retrieved significantly more verbs than nouns (χ2=16.27, p<0.01) and had a significantly lower score in noun (t=−7.2, p<0.005), but not in verb retrieval than the comparison group. This pattern persisted when verbs and nouns were matched for oral word frequency, showing that the results could not be explained by stimuli difficulty.Interpretation  To our knowledge, this is the first report of a grammatical dissociation in a child. It suggests that nouns and verbs are subject to different processing early in development, at least before the formal acquisition of grammar. It contradicts theories that postulate a common processing of different grammatical categories early in life.
Socio‐economic achievements of individuals born very preterm at the age of 27 to 29 years: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: MATHIASEN RENÉ , HANSEN BO M , NYBO ANDERSON ANNE‐MARIE , GREISEN GORM 
Published: April 2009

Aim  To describe the socio economic achievement of individuals born very preterm (VPT) at the age of 27 to 29 years.Method  Demographic and social data were extracted from national registers for all individuals born between 1974 and 1976 in Denmark (n=208 656). Of these, 203 283 individuals were alive in 2006. We compared VPT individuals (gestational age <33wks, n=1422; 51.8% males, n=736) with individuals born at term (>36wks, n=192 223; 51.1% males, n=98 240), of whom 4.08% (n=58) of the VPT and 0.19% (n=373) of the term individuals had a diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP).Results  Overall results in the two groups were similar, but significant differences appeared. The VPT group had a lower educational level than the term group: 23.9% versus 16.3% had a basic education (corresponding to attendance at basic school for 9y or less; odds ratio [OR] =1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42–1.82). Similarly, 31.9% versus 37.6% had a tertiary education (corresponding to different levels of professional education; OR=0.77, CI 0.69–0.86). Net income was 11% lower in the VPT group and 10.8% versus 5.3% were receiving welfare support (OR=2.14, CI 1.81–2.55). In the VPT group 59% versus 52% did not have children (p<0.001) and there were more individuals living alone without children (28.8% vs 21.8%; OR=1.45, CI 1.29–1.63).Interpretation  VPT birth in the 1970s in Denmark is associated with a highly statistically significant educational and social disadvantage persisting into young adulthood. CP increased the relative risk of social disadvantage in VPT individuals. However, the majority of the survivors are well integrated in society.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated protein 1 regulates cell adhesion and synaptic morphology via modulation of N‐cadherin expression
Authors: Kubota Kyoko , Inoue Kiyoshi , Hashimoto Ryota , Kumamoto Natsuko , Kosuga Asako , Tatsumi Masahiko , Kamijima Kunitoshi , Kunugi Hiroshi , Iwata Nakao , Ozaki Norio , Takeda Masatoshi , Tohyama Masaya 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAn increase in serum tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels is closely related to the pathogenesis of major depression. However, the underlying molecular mechanism between this increase and impairment of brain function remains elusive. To better understand TNF‐α/TNF receptor 1 signaling in the brain, we analyzed the brain distribution and function of tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated protein 1 (TRAP1). Here we show that TRAP1 is broadly expressed in neurons in the mouse brain, including regions that are implicated in the pathogenesis of major depression. We demonstrate that small interfering RNA‐mediated knockdown of TRAP1 in a neuronal cell line decreases tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3, followed by a reduction of the transcription factor E2F1, resulting in a down‐regulation of N‐cadherin, and affects the adhesive properties of the cells. In addition, in cultured hippocampal neurons, reduced expression of N‐cadherin by TRAP1 knockdown influences the morphology of dendritic spines. We also report a significant association between several single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TRAP1 gene and major depression. Our findings indicate that TRAP1 mediates TNF‐α/TNF receptor 1 signaling to modulate N‐cadherin expression and to regulate cell adhesion and synaptic morphology, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of major depression.
Phosphorylation status of the NR2B subunit of NMDA receptor regulates its interaction with calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II
Authors: Raveendran Rajeevkumar , Devi Suma Priya Sudarsana , Mayadevi Madhavan , Steephan Mathew , Santhoshkumar Thankayyan R. , Cheriyan John , Sanalkumar Rajendran , Pradeep Kurup K. , James Jackson , Omkumar Ramakrishnapillai V. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCa2+ influx through NMDA‐type glutamate receptor at excitatory synapses causes activation of post‐synaptic Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase type II (CaMKII) and its translocation to the NR2B subunit of NMDA receptor. The major binding site for CaMKII on NR2B undergoes phosphorylation at Ser1303, in vivo. Even though some regulatory effects of this phosphorylation are known, the mode of dephosphorylation of NR2B‐Ser1303 is still unclear. We show that phosphorylation status at Ser1303 enables NR2B to distinguish between the Ca2+/calmodulin activated form and the autonomously active Thr286‐autophosphorylated form of CaMKII. Green fluorescent protein–α‐CaMKII co‐expressed with NR2B sequence in human embryonic kidney 293 cells was used to study intracellular binding between the two proteins. Binding in vitro was studied by glutathione‐S‐transferase pull‐down assay. Thr286‐autophosphorylated α‐CaMKII or the autophosphorylation mimicking mutant, T286D‐α‐CaMKII, binds NR2B sequence independent of Ca2+/calmodulin unlike native wild‐type α‐CaMKII. We show enhancement of this binding by Ca2+/calmodulin. Phosphorylation or a phosphorylation mimicking mutation on NR2B (NR2B‐S1303D) abolishes the Ca2+/calmodulin‐independent binding whereas it allows the Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent binding of α‐CaMKII in vitro. Similarly, the autonomously active mutants, T286D‐α‐CaMKII and F293E/N294D‐α‐CaMKII, exhibited Ca2+‐independent binding to non‐phosphorylatable mutant of NR2B under intracellular conditions. We also show for the first time that phosphatases in the brain such as protein phosphatase 1 and protein phosphatase 2A dephosphorylate phospho‐Ser1303 on NR2B.
Soil metal immobilization and ryegrass uptake of lead, copper and zinc as affected by application of organic materials as soil amendments in a short‐term greenhouse trial
Authors: Nwachukwu O. I. , Pulford I. D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGreen waste compost, peat, coir and wood bark were applied to metal‐contaminated mine waste at the rates of 1%, 10% and 20% on dry weight basis, and perennial ryegrass grown over a period of 6 weeks. Addition of amendments led to increased biomass yield in all soils when compared with the non‐amended soil. EDTA extractable Pb, Cu and Zn was significantly reduced in amended soil, while leaf and root metal concentrations were also significantly reduced by the application of amendments, especially at applied rates of 10% and 20%. Coir, green waste compost and wood bark stood out as amendments which were consistent in reducing soil extractable and plant tissue Pb, Cu and Zn; while peat rates above 10% enhanced solubility of Cu and Zn because of a lowering of the soil pH.
From convex feasibility to convex constrained optimization using block action projection methods and underrelaxation
Authors: De Pierro Alvaro R. , Helou Neto Elias Salomão 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe describe the evolution of projection methods for solving convex feasibility problems to optimization methods when inconsistency arises, finally deriving from them, in a natural way, a general block method for convex constrained optimization. We present convergence results.
A hybrid genetic algorithm for the phylogeny problem using path‐relinking as a progressive crossover strategy
Authors: Ribeiro Celso C. , Vianna Dalessandro S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA phylogenetic tree relates taxonomic units using their similarities over a set of characteristics. Given a set of taxonomic units and their characteristics, the phylogeny problem under the parsimony criterion consists in finding a phylogenetic tree with a minimum number of evolutionary steps. We developed a hybrid genetic algorithm for the problem of building a phylogenetic tree minimizing parsimony. The algorithm combines local search with a crossover strategy based on path‐relinking, an intensification technique originally used in the context of other metaheuristics such as scatter search and GRASP. Computational experiments on benchmark and randomly generated instances show that the proposed algorithm is very robust and outperforms other heuristics in terms of solution quality and running times.
Increased Children's Access to Fluoride Varnish Treatment by Involving Medical Care Providers: Effect of a Medicaid Policy Change
Authors: Okunseri Christopher , Szabo Aniko , Jackson Scott , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Garcia Raul I. 
Published: April 2009

Background. In 2004, the State of Wisconsin introduced a change to their Medicaid Policy allowing medical care providers to be reimbursed for fluoride varnish treatment provided to Medicaid enrolled children.Objective. To determine the extent by which a state‐level policy change impacted access to fluoride varnish treatment (FVT) for Medicaid enrolled children.Data Source. The Electronic Data Systems of Medicaid Evaluation and Decision Support database for Wisconsin from 2002 to 2006.Study Design. We analyzed Wisconsin Medicaid claims for FVT for children between the ages of 1 and 6 years, comparing rates in the prepolicy period (2002–2003) to the period (2004–2006) following the policy change.Principal Findings. Medicaid claims for FVT in 2002–2003 totaled 3,631. Following the policy change, claims for FVT increased to 28,303, with 38.0 percent submitted by medical care providers. FVT rates increased for children of both sexes and all ages, rising from 1.4 per 1,000 person‐years of enrollment in 2002–2003 to 6.6 per 1,000 person‐years in 2004–2006. Overall, 48.6 percent of the increase in FVT was attributable to medical care providers. The largest increase was seen in children 1–2 years of age, among whom medical care providers were responsible for 83.5 percent of the increase.Conclusions. A state‐level Medicaid policy change was followed by both a significant involvement of medical care providers and an overall increase in FVT. Children between the ages of 1 and 2 years appear to benefit the most from the involvement of medical care providers.
Intra‐abdominal hypertension in two adult horses
Authors: Brosnahan Margaret M. , Holbrook Todd C. , Gilliam Lyndi L. , Ritchey Jerry W. , Confer Anthony W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective
– To describe the clinical and pathological findings in 2 adult horses with documented increases in intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP), and to describe the direct puncture technique used to measure this pressure.Series Summary
– Two adult horses developed increases in IAP secondary to large‐volume abdominal effusion. A 9‐year‐old Quarter Horse cross gelding was presented for evaluation of urinary and neurologic signs. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination showed a hepatic abscess along with abdominal effusion. A 4‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding was presented for evaluation of castration complications. A castration site infection extended into surrounding tissues, resulting in peritonitis, abdominal effusion, and severe cellulitis of the limbs. IAP measured in both horses was increased relative to reported equine reference values. Changes in hemodynamic parameters in both horses, notably increased central venous pressure, were consistent with those seen in other species in which intra‐abdominal hypertension (IAH) and its sequellae have been documented.New or Unique Information Provided
– Extensive research and clinical literature guides management of humans with IAH and abdominal compartment syndrome. Knowledge of these conditions in companion animal and large domestic species is less well developed. Recent research has established reference values for standing, sedated and recumbent, anesthetized horses. Detailed reports of equine clinical cases of IAH have not been reported in the literature. This report provides information on the clinical, hemodynamic, and pathologic characteristics of 2 horses with measured increases in IAP, and describes the direct puncture technique used to perform these measurements.
Characteristics and outcomes in surgical management of severe acute pancreatitis: 37 dogs (2001–2007)
Authors: Thompson Lisa J. , Seshadri Ravi , Raffe Marc R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective –Describe clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with canine patients undergoing surgical intervention for treatment of acute pancreatitis.Design –Retrospective outcome study from 2001 to 2007.Animals –Thirty‐seven dogs.Interventions –None.Measurements and Main Results –The following data were collected for dogs who underwent surgical intervention in the course of treatment for severe acute pancreatitis: preoperative clinicopathologic and physical data, ultrasonographic findings, surgical procedure detail, histopathologic findings, and transfusion requirements. The survival rate was 80.8% in dogs with extrahepatic biliary obstruction, 64.3% in dogs undergoing necrosectomy, and 40.6% with pancreatic abscess. Overall survival was 63.6%. Surgical complications included intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhage in 12 dogs, postoperative development of diabetes mellitus in 3 dogs, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in 1 dog, and bacterial peritonitis in 2 dogs.Conclusion –Surgical intervention and aggressive postoperative care may be pursued in select dogs with severe acute pancreatitis. In dogs with extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to acute pancreatitis, surgical intervention may be associated with a good prognosis whereas dogs with pancreatic abscess formation may have a more guarded prognosis.