bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, spectroscopic and configurational study, and ab initio calculations of new diazaphospholanes
Authors: Gholivand Khodayar , Ghaziani Fatemeh 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNew 2-substituted diazaphospholane-2-oxides (I-III, V-VIII) and diazaphosphorinane-2-oxide (IV) were synthesised and characterised by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The presence of chiral diamino groups in compounds II and V–VIII gives rise to various diastereomers so that the 31P{1H} NMR spectra demonstrated three and two peaks with different ratios, respectively. Also, the 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectra of compounds II and V–VIII revealed three and two sets of signals for the related conformers (diastereomers). Interestingly, the 31P NMR spectrum of V in D2O indicated a great upfield shift (Δδ = 19.0) for 31P relative to the value obtained in DMSO-d6 (solvent effect). The two signals in V split further to three signals in the presence of β-cyclodextrin. Moreover, conformational analysis of diazaphospholane V was studied by ab initio calculations at the HF and B3LYP levels of theory using the Gaussian 98 program. Results indicated that among four suggested diastereomers (C1–C4) of V, C1 and C3 containing methyl group in the equatorial position are the most stable forms.
The influence of thickness of CrN coating on the durability of hot forging dies
Authors: Smolik Jerzy 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
This article presents results which enabled the determination of the role of CrN coating and the influence of its thickness on the effectiveness of hybrid layer “nitrided layer / CrN coating” in the process of increasing the durability of forging dies. Dies coated with hybrid layers “nitrided layer / CrN coating” with various CrN coating thickness were — after different maintenance periods — subjected to metallographic testing, 3D shape testing and SEM analysis. Hardness distribution was also determined. The obtained results revealed that for all tested dies, independently from CrN coating thickness, the main mechanisms of their destruction was mechanical and thermal fatigue, and plastic deformation. It has been shown that the main role of CrN coating in the hybrid layer ”nitrided layer / PVD coating” is to counteract a high temperature influence the source of which is forging on die material. In order to do so the CrN coating should be characterized by a considerably lower thermal conductivity coefficient to steel and low hardness so that it can efficiently resist fatigue processes in the forging process. Based on testing conducted by means of the sin
2
φ method, it was revealed that internal stresses are vitally important for CrN coating for fatigue resistance of hybrid layer ”nitrided layer / CrN coating” during the forging process.
Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging and early prognosis for vision after transsphenoidal surgery for sellar lesions
Authors: Berkmann Sven , Fandino Javier , Zosso Sascha , Killer Hanspeter E. , Remonda Luca , Landolt Hans 
Published: June 2011

Object
Sellar lesions with suprasellar extension may cause loss of visual acuity and visual field damage due to compression of the optic chiasm. Using intraoperative MR (iMR) imaging to detect symptomatic lesion remnants adjacent to the optic chiasm (that may be resected in the same procedure) may positively affect the functional outcome of patients with these lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between visual improvement and optic nerve decompression detected by iMR imaging in patients undergoing transsphenoidal resection of pituitary lesions.

Methods
A total of 32 patients (23 men and 9 women) who underwent transsphenoidal resection of sellar lesions causing visual impairment were included in this study. Tumor volume ranged from 0.9 cm3 to 55.7 cm3 (mean 9.8 ± 11.7 cm3). Preoperative assessment showed visual field damage in 31 patients (97%) and loss of visual acuity in 28 patients (88%). The latency period between the appearance of symptoms and transsphenoidal decompression was 14.9 ± 19.5 weeks.

Results
Intraoperative MR imaging was performed after the resection was believed to be complete, or if further tumor removal was not safely possible due to changed conditions in the surgical field. Complete resection was detected on these initial scans in 17 patients (53%). Partial resection was achieved in 9 patients (28%) and tumor debulking in 6 (19%). Additional resection was possible in 8 (53%) of these 15 patients. Four (50%) of these 8 cases had suprasellar remnants and the optic chiasm was subsequently decompressed. In 5 cases optimal decompression of the optic chiasm was not possible. On early follow-up within 1 month after surgery, overall improvement of visual field damage was observed in 27 patients (87%). In 23 patients (74%), the Goldmann perimetry demonstrated complete recovery. Improvement of visual acuity was noted in 24 patients (86%). Eighteen patients (64%) regained full visual acuity. Identification of a decompressed optic chiasm on iMR imaging was significantly correlated with visual field improvement (p = 0.0007; positive predictive value 0.96, 95% CI 0.81–0.99) and relief of visual acuity deficits (p = 0.0002; positive predictive value 0.96, 95% CI 0.79–0.99). Two patients needed transcranial procedures for symptomatic tumor remnants detected on iMR imaging.

Conclusions
Intraoperative MR imaging findings correlate with prognosis of visual deficits after transsphenoidal decompression of the anterior optic pathways. The use of iMR imaging may prevent revision surgery for unexpected symptomatic remnants.
Single-Centre Experience with Oral Ribavirin in Lung Transplant Recipients with Paramyxovirus Infections
Authors: Fuehner Thomas , Dierich Martin , Duesberg Christoph , DeWall Claudia , Welte Tobias , Haverich Axel , Warnecke Gregor , Simon Andre R , Gottlieb Jens 
Published: June 2011

Background Paramyxovirus (PV) infections are increasingly recognized in lung transplant recipients and have been linked to subsequent graft failure and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Ribavirin represents a possible treatment option although the outcome on graft function and BOS incidence is unknown. Methods We analysed outcomes of all PV infections in lung/heart–lung recipients between September 2006 and April 2009 in a single centre. PV-infected recipients treated with oral ribavirin were compared with those unable to receive ribavirin due to contraindications. Recovery of graft function, time to recovery and new development of BOS were compared. Results A total of 38 patients (ribavirin group) were treated with ribavirin for a median of 9 days (IQR 8–12), whilst 29 patients (non-ribavirin group) received best supportive care including corticosteroids. The median forced expiratory volume in 1 s dropped 20% (IQR 15–32) from baseline in the ribavirin group versus 18% (IQR 13–30) in the non-ribavirin group during infection. In 84% of patients treated with ribavirin and 59% of the non-ribavirin group, graft function recovered within 30 days ( P=0.02). New onset of BOS developed within 6 months in 5% of the ribavirin group versus 24% of the non-ribavirin group ( P=0.02). Conclusions Treatment of PV after lung/heart–lung transplantation with oral ribavirin seems to be associated with earlier recovery of graft function and to prevent BOS.
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Prevents Sudden Cardiac Death in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: BERNARDO PASQUALE , CONFORTI MARIA LETIZIA , BELLANDO-RANDONE SILVIA , PIERAGNOLI PAOLO , BLAGOJEVIC JELENA , KALOUDI OLGA , GUIDUCCI SERENA , PORTA FRANCESCO , PADELETTI LUIGI , GENSINI GIAN FRANCO , MATUCCI-CERINIC MARCO 
Published: June 2011

Objective.Cardiac involvement means a poor prognosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Conduction defects and arrhythmias are frequent in patients with SSc, and may result in sudden cardiac death. We tested whether electrophysiologic studies and implantation of cardioverter defibrillators are recommended when ventricular arrhythmias are present.Method.A cardioverter defibrillator was implanted in 10 patients with SSc who had heart involvement.Result.After 36 months, analysis of the device showed several episodes of ventricular tachycardia in 3 patients, which were promptly reverted by electrical shock delivery.Conclusion.In patients with SSc who are affected by ventricular arrhythmias, the implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator may prevent sudden cardiac death.
Coronary Flow Reserve and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Levels: New Measurements for Identifying Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: ATZENI FABIOLA , SARZI-PUTTINI PIERCARLO , SITIA SIMONA , TOMASONI LIVIO , GIANTURCO LUIGI , BATTELLINO MICHELE , BOCCASSINI LAURA , DE GENNARO COLONNA VITO , MARCHESONI ANTONIO , TURIEL MAURIZIO 
Published: June 2011

Objective.To identify the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and healthy controls using intima-media thickness (IMT), coronary flow reserve (CFR), and the plasma concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), to evaluate the correlations among ADMA, IMT, and CFR.Methods.The study involved 22 patients who fulfilled the ClASsification of Psoriatic ARthritis study group criteria for PsA and a cohort of 35 healthy controls with no history or current signs of coronary artery disease (CAD). Common carotid IMT was measured using high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. Dipyridamole transthoracic stress echocardiography was used to evaluate CFR. Blood samples were obtained to assess ADMA levels. The clinical manifestations were recorded. All patients were treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, but none had received any biological or steroid therapy.Results.Plasma ADMA levels were significantly higher in the patients with PsA (0.71 ± 0.07 μmol/l vs 0.48 ± 0.07 μmol/l; p = 0.00) and CFR was significantly reduced in that group (2.86 ± 0.70 vs 3.3 ± 0.43; p < 0.01) compared to controls. Common carotid IMT was greater in the patients with PsA, but the difference was not significant (0.64 ± 0.26 mm vs 0.62 ± 0.5 mm; p = 0.65). There was a significant correlation between CFR and plasma ADMA levels in the PsA group (R = 0.28; p < 0.01), but no correlation between plasma ADMA levels and IMT (R = 0.02; p = 0.32), Disease Activity Score 28 (p = 0.52), or Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (p = 0.98).Conclusion.Our patients with PsA showed a profile of subclinical atherosclerosis. ADMA may be a useful marker of endothelial dysfunction in PsA.
Clinical Correlates of Urolithiasis in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: LUI NAI LEE , CARTY ADELE , HAROON NIGIL , SHEN HUA , COOK RICHARD J. , INMAN ROBERT D. 
Published: June 2011

Objective.To determine the association between urolithiasis and syndesmophyte formation and the effect of urolithiasis on ankylosing spondylitis (AS) disease activity.Methods.In a longitudinal cohort of 504 patients with AS, we conducted an analysis of all patients with AS who have a history of urolithiasis. All patients met the modified New York criteria for AS. Demographics, clinical characteristics, extraarticular features, and comorbidities are systematically recorded in the database. We compared disease activity, functional indices, medical therapy and radiographic damage between AS patients with (Uro+) and without urolithiasis (Uro–) using the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS).Results.Thirty-eight patients with AS (7.5%) had a history of urolithiasis in our cohort. Seventy-six patients with AS who did not have urolithiasis, matched for age, sex, and ethnicity, were selected as controls. Patients who were Uro+ were more likely to have more functional disability, based on the Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI; mean 5.3 vs 3.6 in control group, p = 0.003). Trends were noted in the Uro+ group toward higher Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI; mean 4.9 vs 4.0, p = 0.09), more peripheral joint involvement (p = 0.075), and higher frequency of biologic therapy (p = 0.09). No significant difference was detected in mSASSS or the Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI). Significant association with diabetes mellitus (DM; p = 0.016) and Crohn’s disease (p = 0.006) was noted in the Uro+ group.Conclusion.Although there is no acceleration of syndesmophyte formation or spinal mobility restriction, more functional disability was detected in the urolithiasis group. The higher risk with concomitant DM or Crohn’s disease should alert clinicians to these comorbidities in Uro+ patients with AS.
Resolution of Quadruplex Polymorphism by Size‐Exclusion Chromatography
Authors: Miller M. Clarke , Trent John O. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis unit describes a method for separation of quadruplex species formed from the same sequence via size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC). Polymorphism is inherent to quadruplex formation, and even relatively simple quadruplex‐forming sequences, such as the human telomere sequence d(GGG(TTAGGG)3), can form a myriad of possible configurations. HPLC, especially using reversed‐phase and anion‐exchange methods, has been a mainstay of nucleic acids research and purification for many decades. These methods have been applied for separation of individual quadruplex species formed in a mixture from the same parent sequence. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 45:17.3.1‐17.3.18. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of Multidimensional G‐Quadruplex Melting Curves
Authors: Gray Robert D. , Chaires Jonathan B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMultidimensional “3D” melting curves for G‐quadruplexes are obtained by recording whole spectra (absorbance, CD, fluorescence) as a function of temperature, rather than the common approach of recording the spectral response to temperature at a single wavelength. 3D melting curves are richer in information, and can be used to enumerate the number of significant species and intermediate states required to properly analyze the thermal denaturation reaction to obtain thermodynamic information. This unit describes the application of the method of singular value decomposition to the analysis of 3D melting data obtained for G‐quadruplex structures, and how the results of such an analysis can be used to provide a more complete characterization of the mechanism of quadruplex unfolding. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 45:17.4.1‐17.4.16. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Spontaneous Formation of Liquid Crystals in Ultralarge Graphene Oxide Dispersions
Authors: Aboutalebi Seyed Hamed , Gudarzi Mohsen Moazzami , Zheng Qing Bin , Kim Jang‐Kyo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA novel process is developed to synthesize graphene oxide sheets with an ultralarge size based on a solution‐phase method involving pre‐exfoliation of graphite flakes. Spontaneous formation of lyotropic nematic liquid crystals is identified upon the addition of the ultralarge graphene oxide sheets in water above a critical concentration of about 0.1 wt%. It is the lowest filler content ever reported for the formation of liquid crystals from any colloid, arising mainly from the ultrahigh aspect ratio of the graphene oxide sheets of over 30 000. It is proposed that the self‐assembled brick‐like graphene oxide nanostructure can be applied in many areas, such as energy‐storage devices and nanocomposites with a high degree of orientation.
A Nanoimprint Lithography Hybrid Photoresist Based on the Thiol–Ene System
Authors: Lin Hong , Wan Xia , Jiang Xuesong , Wang Qingkang , Yin Jie 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA novel hybrid resist for UV nanoimprint lithography (UV‐NIL) based on the thiol–ene photopolymerization is presented. Our system comprises mercaptopropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and benzyl methacrylate, with trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as the crosslinker. The obtained hybrid resists possess a variety of characteristics desirable for UV‐NIL, such as low viscosity (6.1–25 cP), low bulk‐volumetric shrinkage (5.3%), high Young's modulus (0.9–5.2 GPa), high thermal stability, and excellent dry‐etch resistance. Based on these performances, the optimized components are evaluated as UV‐NIL resists. The result is a high‐resolution pattern with feature sizes in the range of 100 nm to several microns. The double‐layer resist approach is used for pattern transfer into silicon substrates. The excellent oxygen‐etch resistance of the barrier material enables a final transfer pattern that is about three times higher than that of the original NIL mold.
Modeling and parametric analysis of hollow fiber membrane system for carbon capture from multicomponent flue gas
Authors: Khalilpour Rajab , Abbas Ali , Lai Zhiping , Pinnau Ingo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe modeling and optimal design/operation of gas membranes for postcombustion carbon capture (PCC) is presented. A systematic methodology is presented for analysis of membrane systems considering multicomponent flue gas with CO2 as target component. Simplifying assumptions is avoided by namely multicomponent flue gas represented by CO2/N2 binary mixture or considering the co/countercurrent flow pattern of hollow‐fiber membrane system as mixed flow. Optimal regions of flue gas pressures and membrane area were found within which a technoeconomical process system design could be carried out. High selectivity was found to not necessarily have notable impact on PCC membrane performance, rather, a medium selectivity combined with medium or high permeance could be more advantageous. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Profiles of lacunar and nonlacunar stroke
Authors: Jickling Glen C. , Stamova Boryana , Ander Bradley P. , Zhan Xinhua , Tian Yingfang , Liu Dazhi , Xu Huichun , Johnston S. Claiborne , Verro Piero , Sharp Frank R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:Determining which small deep infarcts (SDIs) are of lacunar, arterial, or cardioembolic etiology is challenging, but important in delivering optimal stroke prevention therapy. We sought to distinguish lacunar from nonlacunar causes of SDIs using a gene expression profile.Methods:A total of 184 ischemic strokes were analyzed. Lacunar stroke was defined as a lacunar syndrome with infarction <15mm in a region supplied by penetrating arteries. RNA from blood was processed on whole genome microarrays. Genes differentially expressed between lacunar (n = 30) and nonlacunar strokes (n = 86) were identified (false discovery rate ≤ 0.05, fold change >|1.5|) and used to develop a prediction model. The model was evaluated by cross‐validation and in a second test cohort (n = 36). The etiology of SDIs of unclear cause (SDIs ≥ 15mm or SDIs with potential embolic source) (n = 32) was predicted using the derived model.Results:A 41‐gene profile discriminated lacunar from nonlacunar stroke with >90% sensitivity and specificity. Of the 32 SDIs of unclear cause, 15 were predicted to be lacunar, and 17 were predicted to be nonlacunar. The identified profile represents differences in immune response between lacunar and nonlacunar stroke.Interpretation:Profiles of differentially expressed genes can distinguish lacunar from nonlacunar stroke. SDIs of unclear cause were frequently predicted to be of nonlacunar etiology, suggesting that comprehensive workup of SDIs is important to identify potential cardioembolic and arterial causes. Further study is required to evaluate the gene profile in an independent cohort and determine the clinical and treatment implications of SDIs of predicted nonlacunar etiology. ANN NEUROL 2011
Phosphorus‐containing soybean‐oil copolymers: Cross‐metathesis of fatty acid derivatives as an alternative to phosphorus‐containing reactive flame retardants
Authors: Sacristán Marta , Ronda Joan C. , Galià Marina , Cádiz Virginia 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTwo different approaches to the creation of phosphorus‐containing soybean‐oil copolymers were investigated. First, two phosphorus‐containing styrene (ST) derivatives, diphenyl styryl phosphine oxide and dimethyl‐p‐vinylbenzylphosphonate (STP2), where tested as comonomers in the cationic copolymerization of soybean oil (SOY), ST, and divinylbenzene (DVB), to obtain heterogeneous systems in all cases. To overcome this drawback, the cross‐metathesis reaction of methyl 10‐undecenoate and STP2 was carried out to link the phosphorus moiety to the vegetable‐oil derivative. This second approach permitted the synthesis of a new reactive phosphorus‐containing plant‐oil derivative, which was incorporated into the soybean oil, ST, and DVB system. The cationic copolymerization was investigated, and the structure, thermal stability, and mechanical and flame‐retardant properties of the resulting copolymers were studied. Thermosets with moderate glass‐transition temperatures were obtained; this showed that the cross‐metathesis reaction is a convenient way to produce oil‐compatible monomers able to undergo homogeneous polymerization reactions. The resulting thermosets with 1% phosphorus had limiting oxygen index values about 24.0; this indicated an improvement in the fire‐retardant properties of the soybean‐oil‐based copolymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The Anatomy of the Dog Soft Palate. I. Histological Evaluation of the Caudal Soft Palate in Mesaticephalic Breeds
Authors: Arrighi Silvana , Pichetto Michela , Roccabianca Paola , Romussi Stefano 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe gross anatomy and overall structure of the soft palate has been described in the average dog's head, however, no descriptive microanatomical studies of the dog soft palate are available, despite their possible utility in view of the manifold and important repercussions of this organ physiology. This is the first of two companion papers, dealing with the caudal part of the soft palate in the canine species, in mesaticephalic and brachycephalic dogs. Specimens from mesaticephalic healthy dogs (N = 8) were collected after euthanasia, processed for histology and sectioned at six transversal levels. Morphological stainings were used for a microscopic evaluation of the tissue layers composing the distal part of the soft palate in adult mesaticephalic dogs, and histochemical reactions were applied to assess mucin types within glandular tissue and to investigate the connective tissues. The organ was characteristically organized into a major deep musculo‐connective axis mixed with salivary glands and covered by the mucosal lining on either the nasopharyngeal or the oral sides. The results of this investigation add to the general knowledge of the anatomy of soft palate in the canine species and establish baseline information for the parallel study on the long and thickened soft palate, which is typical of adult brachycephalic dogs. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.