bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MUC2polymorphisms are associated with endometriosis development and infertility: a case-control study
Authors: Chang Cherry Yin-Yi , Chen Yi , Lin Wu-Chou , Chen Chih-Mei , Chen Chih-Ping , Lee Shan-Chih , Sheu Jim Jinn-Chyuan , Tsai Fuu-Jen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundMucins are highly glycosylated proteins protecting and lubricating epithelial surface of respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts. Members of the mucin protein family have been suggested to play an important role in development of endometriosis and infertility. This study investigates genetic association of mucin2 (MUC2) with the risk of endometriosis and endometriosis-related infertility.MethodsThis case-control study was conducted at China Medical University Hospital, with 195 endometriosis patients and 196 healthy controls enrolled. Genotyping of six SNPs (rs2856111, rs11245936, rs10794288, rs10902088, rs7103978 and rs11245954) withinMUC2gene were performed by usingTaqmangenotyping assay; individual SNP and haplotype associations with endometriosis and endometriosis-related infertility were assessed byχ2test.ResultsEndometriosis patients exhibit significantly lower frequency of the rs10794288 C allele, the rs10902088 T allele and the rs7103978 G allele (P= 0.030, 0.013 and 0.040, respectively). In addition, the rs10794288 C allele and the rs10902088 T allele were also less abundant in patients with infertility versus fertile ones (P= 0.015 and 0.024, respectively). Haplotype analysis of the endometriosis associated SNPs inMUC2also showed significantly association between the most common haplotypes and endometriosis or endometriosis-related infertility.ConclusionsMUC2polymorphisms, especially rs10794288 and rs10902088, are associated with endometriosis as well as endometriosis-related infertility. Our data present MUC2 as a new candidate involved in development of endometriosis and related infertility in Taiwanese Han women.
CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration is an independent favorable prognostic indicator in basal-like breast cancer
Authors: Liu Shuzhen , Lachapelle Jonathan , Leung Samuel , Gao Dongxia , Foulkes William D , Nielsen Torsten O 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes may indicate an immune response to cancer development, but their significance remains controversial in breast cancer. We conducted this study to assess CD8+ (cytotoxic T) lymphocyte infiltration in a large cohort of invasive early stage breast cancers, and to evaluate its prognostic effect in different breast cancer intrinsic subtypes.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry for CD8 staining was performed on tissue microarrays from 3992 breast cancer patients. CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were counted as intratumoral when in direct contact with tumor cells, and as stromal in adjacent locations. Kaplan-Meier functions and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to examine the associations between tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and breast cancer specific survival.

Results
Among 3403 cases for which immunohistochemical results were obtained, CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were identified in an intratumoral pattern in 32% and stromal pattern in 61% of the cases. In the whole cohort, the presence of intratumoral tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was significantly correlated with young age, high grade, estrogen receptor negativity, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positivity and core basal intrinsic subtype, and was associated with superior breast cancer specific survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that the favorable prognostic effect of CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes was significant only in the core basal intrinsic subgroup (Hazard ratio, HR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.23-0.54). No association with improved survival was present in those triple negative breast cancers that lack expression of basal markers (HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.48-2.04) nor in the other intrinsic subtypes.

Conclusions
CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes are an independent prognostic factor associated with better patient survival in basal-like breast cancer, but not in non-basal triple negative breast cancers nor in other intrinsic molecular subtypes.
Sumoylation is tumor-suppressive and confers proliferative quiescence to hematopoietic progenitors inDrosophila melanogasterlarvae
Authors: Kalamarz Marta E. , Paddibhatla Indira , Nadar Christina , Govind Shubha 
Published: March 2012

SummaryHow cell-intrinsic regulation of the cell cycle and the extrinsic influence of the niche converge to provide proliferative quiescence, safeguard tissue integrity, and provide avenues to stop stem cells from giving rise to tumors is a major challenge in gene therapy and tissue engineering. We explore this question in sumoylation-deficient mutants of Drosophila. In wild type third instar larval lymph glands, a group of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells acquires quiescence; a multicellular niche supports their undifferentiated state. However, how proliferative quiescence is instilled in this population is not understood. We show that Ubc9 protein is nuclear in this population. Loss of the SUMO-activating E1 enzyme, Aos1/Uba2, the conjugating E2 enzyme, Ubc9, or the E3 SUMO ligase, PIAS, results in a failure of progenitors to quiesce; progenitors become hyperplastic, misdifferentiate, and develop into microtumors that eventually detach from the dorsal vessel. Significantly, dysplasia and lethality of Ubc9 mutants are rescued when Ubc9wt is provided specifically in the progenitor populations, but not when it is provided in the niche or in the differentiated cortex. While normal progenitors express high levels of the Drosophila cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 homolog, Dacapo, the corresponding overgrown mutant population exhibits a marked reduction in Dacapo. Forced expression of either Dacapo or human p21 in progenitors shrinks this population. The selective expression of either protein in mutant progenitor cells, but not in other hematopoietic populations, limits overgrowth, blocks tumorogenesis, and restores organ integrity. We discuss an essential and complex role for sumoylation in preserving the hematopoietic progenitor states for stress response and in the context of normal development of the fly.
Comparison of the underestimation rate in cases with ductal carcinoma in situ at ultrasound-guided core biopsy: 14-gauge automated core-needle biopsy vs 8- or 11-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsy
Authors: Suh Y J , Kim M J , Kim E-K , Moon H J , Kwak J Y , Koo H R , Yoon J H 
Published: March 2012

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the underestimation rate of invasive carcinoma in cases with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) at percutaneous ultrasound-guided core biopsies of breast lesions between 14-gauge automated core-needle biopsy (ACNB) and 8- or 11-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB), and to determine the relationship between the lesion type (mass or microcalcification on radiological findings) and the DCIS underestimation rate.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed imaging-guided biopsies of breast lesions performed from February 2003 to August 2008. 194 lesions were diagnosed as DCIS at ultrasound-guided core biopsy: 138 lesions in 132 patients by 14-gauge ACNB, and 56 lesions in 56 patients by 8- or 11-gauge VAB. The histological results of the core biopsy samples were correlated with surgical specimens. The clinical and radiological findings were also reviewed. The histological DCIS underestimation rates were compared between the two groups and were analysed for differences according to the clinical and radiological characteristics of the lesions.
Results: The DCIS underestimation rate was 47.8% (66/138) for 14-gauge ACNB and 16.1% (9/56) for VAB (p&lt;0.001). According to the lesion type on sonography, DCIS underestimation was 43.4% (63/145) in masses (47.6% using ACNB and 15.8% using VAB; p=0.012) and 24.5% (12/49) in microcalcifications (50.0% using ACNB and 16.2% using VAB; p=0.047).
Conclusion: The underestimation rate of invasive carcinoma in cases with DCIS at ultrasound-guided core biopsies was significantly higher for ACNB than for VAB. Furthermore, this difference does not change according to the lesion type on ultrasound. Therefore, ultrasound-guided VAB can be a useful method for the diagnosis of DCIS lesions presented as either mass or microcalcification.
Verständliche Sprache im Zeitalter automatischer Texterzeugung?
Authors: Stetter Christian 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Beschrieben wird hier, was "Textverständlichkeit" eigentlich heißt und wie sie sich in komplexen medialen Strukturen großer Unternehmen oder anderer Institutionen organisieren lässt. Dabei wird eine Reihe von verbreiteten Irrtümern über sprachliche Kommunikation wie über Mittel und Medien korrigiert. Dies ist Grundlage dafür, die Pflege von Textverständlichkeit als eine strategische, nur längerfristig zu lösende Unternehmensaufgabe zu begreifen. Insbesondere geht es darum, zu verstehen, dass die sprachlichlogischen und die technisch-medialen Fragen erst zusammen das Problem bilden, das wohl für jedes größere Unternehmen, aber auch für komplexe Institutionen anderer Art zu lösen ist. Denn gelingende interne wie externe Kommunikation ist die Basis für jedes weitere unternehmerische wie institutionelle Handeln.
Histopathological evaluation of renal allograft biopsies in Nepal: interpretation and significance
Authors: Aryal G , Shah DS 
Published: March 2012

Background: Renal allograft biopsy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of graft dysfunction. Protocol renal allograft biopsies have provided insights into pathogenesis of early and late allograft injury and guided clinical management. The aim of this study was to find out the causes of early and late graft dysfunction in renal allograft biopsies taken at different time points after transplantation. Materials and Methods: Between August 2008 and February 2011, a total of 98 renal allograft biopsies from 62 kidney transplants recipients were received in the department of Pathology, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Renal allograft biopsies were interpreted according to the Schemes of Banff ’09 update. Results: The maximum numbers of recipients were in the age group of 31-40 years. Age ranges from 16 to 61 years. Out of 62 recipients, there were 47(75.8%) males and 15 (24.2%) females. The time of biopsy ranges from 0 hour to 6 years after transplantation. There were 9 (9.18%) cases of acute T cell-mediated rejection, 8 (8.16%) cases of acute antibody-mediated rejection, 6 (6.12%) cases of acute ischemic injury, 6 (6.12%) cases of borderline lesions and 4 (4.08%) cases of chronic calcineurin inhibitor toxicity. Conclusion: In the early post-transplant period (0-6 months), acute antibody-mediated rejection, acute ischemic injury and T cell-mediated rejection are the major causes for graft dysfunction. In the late post transplant period (> 6 months after transplant), transplant glomerulopathy, chronic calcineurin inhibitor toxicity, viral infections and graft senescence including donor derived disease result in poor late graft survival.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i3.6016 JPN 2012; 2(3): 172-179
Evaluation of Clear Corneal Wound Dynamics With Contrast-Enhanced Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Gupta Preeya K. , Ehlers Justis P. , Kim Terry 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate wound morphology and integrity using contrast-enhanced spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Eighteen patients (18 eyes) undergoing unilateral routine cataract surgery were enrolled. SD-OCT imaging of the corneal wound was performed immediately following cataract surgery and on postoperative day 1. A topical contrast agent, prednisolone acetate 1%, was used to help evaluate wound integrity. OCT features of the corneal incision and changes in wound interface reflectivity after administration of topical prednisolone acetate 1% were analyzed. Main outcome measures were quantitative and qualitative description of wound morphology and contrast enhancement of the wound interface.

RESULTS:

Internal wound gape was found in 89% of eyes. Gape area decreased by 43% from days 0 to 1 (462 vs 273 μm
2
;
P
< .01). Contrast enhancement at the wound interface was seen in 56% of eyes on day 0 compared to 17% on day 1 following application of prednisolone acetate 1% (
P
< .05). Decreased intraocular pressure correlated with increased contrast enhancement (
P
< .05).

CONCLUSION:
Wound morphology evolves during the early postoperative period. Wound gape and ingress of a topical contrast agent decrease during the first 24 hours following surgery. Contrast enhancement at the wound interface increases as the intraocular pressure decreases.
l-Tryptophan–Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites Regulate Type I IFNs of Acute Viral Myocarditis in Mice
Authors: Hoshi Masato , Matsumoto Keishi , Ito Hiroyasu , Ohtaki Hirofumi , Arioka Yuko , Osawa Yosuke , Yamamoto Yasuko , Matsunami Hidetoshi , Hara Akira , Seishima Mitsuru , Saito Kuniaki 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The activity of IDO that catalyzes the degradation of tryptophan (Trp) into kynurenine (Kyn) increases after diseases caused by different infectious agents. Previously, we demonstrated that IDO has an important immunomodulatory function in immune-related diseases. However, the pathophysiological role of IDO following acute viral infection is not fully understood. To investigate the role of IDO in the l-Trp–Kyn pathway during acute viral myocarditis, mice were infected with encephalomyocarditis virus, which induces acute myocarditis. We used IDO-deficient (IDO−/−) mice and mice treated with 1-methyl-d,l-Trp (1-MT), an inhibitor of IDO, to study the importance of Trp–Kyn pathway metabolites. Postinfection with encephalomyocarditis virus infection, the serum levels of Kyn increased, whereas those of Trp decreased, and IDO activity increased in the spleen and heart. The survival rate of IDO−/− or 1-MT–treated mice was significantly greater than that of IDO+/+ mice. Indeed, the viral load was suppressed in the IDO−/− or 1-MT–treated mice. Furthermore, the levels of type I IFNs in IDO−/− mice and IDO−/− bone marrow-transplanted IDO+/+ mice were significantly higher than those in IDO+/+ mice, and treatment of IDO−/− mice with Kyn metabolites eliminated the effects of IDO−/− on the improved survival rates. These results suggest that IDO has an important role in acute viral myocarditis. Specifically, IDO increases the accumulation of Kyn pathway metabolites, which suppress type I IFNs production and enhance viral replication. We concluded that inhibition of the Trp–Kyn pathway ameliorates acute viral myocarditis.
Antigen-Independent Induction of Tim-3 Expression on Human T Cells by the Common γ-Chain Cytokines IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 Is Associated with Proliferation and Is Dependent on the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Pathway
Authors: Mujib Shariq , Jones R. Brad , Lo Calvin , Aidarus Nasra , Clayton Kiera , Sakhdari Ali , Benko Erika , Kovacs Colin , Ostrowski Mario A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
T cell Ig mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of a subset of CD8+ and Th1 CD4+ T cells. Elevated expression of Tim-3 on virus-specific T cells during chronic viral infections, such as HIV-1, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus, positively correlates with viral load. Tim-3+ cytotoxic T cells are dysfunctional and are unable to secrete effector cytokines, such as IFN-γ and TNF-α. In this study, we examined potential inducers of Tim-3 on primary human T cells. Direct HIV-1 infection of CD4+ T cells, or LPS, found to be elevated in HIV-1 infection, did not induce Tim-3 on T cells. Tim-3 was induced by the common γ-chain (γc) cytokines IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 but not IL-4, in an Ag-independent manner and was upregulated on primary T cells in response to TCR/CD28 costimulation, as well as γc cytokine stimulation with successive divisions. γc cytokine-induced Tim-3 was found on naive, effector, and memory subsets of T cells. Tim-3+ primary T cells were more prone to apoptosis, particularly upon treatment with galectin-9, a Tim-3 ligand, after cytokine withdrawal. The upregulation of Tim-3 could be blocked by the addition of a PI3K inhibitor, LY 294002. Thus, Tim-3 can be induced via TCR/CD28 costimulation and/or γc cytokines, likely through the PI3K pathway.
p110δ Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Represses IgE Switch by Potentiating BCL6 Expression
Authors: Zhang Ting-ting , Makondo Kennedy J. , Marshall Aaron J. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
PI3Ks are key signaling enzymes required for triggering many immunological functions. In B lymphocytes, PI3K signaling is required for Ag-induced proliferation and robust production of most Ab isotypes. Paradoxically, PI3K was found to have a negatively regulatory function regarding Ab class switch recombination, and blockade of PI3K can strongly potentiate IgE switch. In this article, we explore the mechanisms of this unexpected negative regulatory function of PI3K regarding IgE. We demonstrate that p110δ PI3K selectively regulates IgE switch in a B cell-intrinsic manner by controlling germline transcription of the IgE promoter (εGLT). Although p110δ can regulate transcription of activation-induced cytidine deaminase via Akt, repression of εGLT and IgE switch is not dependent on Akt signaling. Inhibition of p110δ, but not Akt, leads to reduced expression of transcriptional repressor B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) and concomitant upregulation of εGLT and other BCL6-target genes. p110δ inhibitor treatment strikingly alters the balance between BCL6 and IRF4 (a transcription factor that antagonizes BCL6), leading to increased IRF4 and decreased BCL6 expression levels in germinal center B cells. Ectopic expression of BCL6 can partially overcome the elevated εGLTs and potentiated IgE switching in p110δ-inhibited B cells. To our knowledge, these results provide the first evidence that p110δ PI3K signaling regulates BCL6 expression and indicate that PI3K promotes the germinal center B cell program and selectively represses IgE switch by maintaining sufficient levels of BCL6.
APPROACHING THE TARGET: THE PATH TOWARDS AN EFFECTIVE MALARIA VACCINE
Authors: García-Basteiro Alberto L. , Bassat Quique , Alonso Pedro L. 
Published: March 2012

Eliciting an effective malaria vaccine has been the goal of the scientific community for many years. A malaria vaccine, added to existing tools and strategies, would further prevent and decrease the unacceptable malaria morbidity and mortality burden. Great progress has been made over the last decade, with some vaccine candidates in the clinical phases of development. The RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate, based on a recombinant P. falciparum protein, is the most advanced of such candidates, currently undergoing a large phase III trial. RTS,S has consistently shown an efficacy of around 50% against the first clinical episode of malaria, with protection in some cases extending up to 4 years of duration. Thus, it is hoped that this candidate vaccine will eventually become the first licensed malaria vaccine. This first vaccine against a human parasite is a groundbreaking achievement, but improved malaria vaccines conferring higher protection will be needed if the aspiration of malaria eradication is to be achieved
Gross Motor Activity and Attention in Three Adults With Brain Injury
Authors: Shimelman Ayala , Hinojosa Jim 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Objective. In this single-subject study, we evaluated the short-term effects of gross motor activity on the attention behavior of three adults with brain injury. Additionally, observation data were collected on each subject’s performance.
Method. The effects of gross motor activity on the subjects’ attention behavior was measured by performance on visual letter cancellation tasks. The three subjects with brain injury were a 59-year-old woman, a 52-year-old man, and a 26-year-old woman. Data for each subject were graphed and visually analyzed. Observation data for each subject also were examined.
Results. The results did not indicate meaningful differences in the subjects’ performance of letter cancellation tasks after gross motor activity. However, positive changes in scanning and checking behaviors were noted.
Conclusion. This study did not demonstrate improvement in attention behavior after gross motor activity according to the measures used. However, the study supports that observations can help to identify important factors that may influence treatment outcomes. Further study is needed to determine the nature of the relationship between gross motor activity and attention.
Evaluation of Potential Involvement of two MicroRNAs (hsa-miR-590-5p and hsa-miR-497) in Differentiation of Human Cardiac Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Tousi Seyedeh Samaneh Ekhteraei , B Soltani , M Soleimani , M Sadeghizadeh 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectivesIn heart as an organ with low renewal capacity, the processes regulating the differentiation of human cardiac stem cells (hCSCs) are crucial for cardiac diseases therapy. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles during heart development. In this research, the expression profile of a few candidate miRNAs was studied in serial differentiation stages of the hCSCs to cardiomyocytes (CM).MethodsThe hCSCs (c-Kit+ progenitor cells) were prepared from Royan Stem Cell Bank (RSCB), cultured and differentiated into CM (Figure 1). The differentiation to CM was confirmed by ICC (Immunocytochemistry) test for cardiac troponinT and real-time PCR for some early cardiac marker and sarcomeric genes. The expression profiles of hsa-miR-590-5p, hsa-miR-497, hsa-miR-125a-5p and hsa-miR-133b were analyzed during the processes of differentiation.ResultsHere for the first time in our knowledge, we showed that in contrast to other upper mentioned candidate miRNAs, hsa-miR-590-5p and hsa-miR-497 are differentially expressed in accordance to the differential stages of hCSCs. The expression levels of these two candidates at the early stages of the CM differentiation were about 5 fold higher than the late stages (P-value<0.05, Figure 2). ConclusionsAll together, our data from four interesting miRNAs award us into the regulatory networks of related genes that are involved in CM differentiation of hCSCs.
Revisiting the thermal relaxations of poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Betzabe Gonzalez‐Campos J. , Garcia‐Carvajal Zaira Y. , Prokhorov E. , Luna‐Barcenas J. Gabriel , Mendoza‐Duarte M. E. , Lara‐Romero Javier , del Rio Rosa E. , Sanchez Isaac C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe molecular dynamics of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were studied by dielectric spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis in the 20–300°C range. The well‐established plasticizing effect of water on the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of PVA was revisited. Improper water elimination analysis has led to a misinterpretation of thermal relaxations in PVA such that a depressed Tg for wet PVA films (ca. 40°C) has been assigned as a secondary β relaxation in a number of previous studies in the literature. In wet PVA samples, two different Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann behaviors separated by the moisture evaporation region (from 80 to 120°C) are observed in the low‐ (from 20 to 80°C) and high‐ (>120°C) temperature ranges. Previously, these two regions were erroneously assigned to two Arrhenius‐type relaxations. However, once the moisture was properly eliminated, a single non‐Arrhenius α relaxation was clearly observed. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the crystalline volume fraction was almost constant up to 80°C. However, the crystallinity increased approximately 11% when temperature increased to 180°C. A secondary βc relaxation was observed at 140°C and was related to a change in the crystalline volume fraction, as previously reported. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012