bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the cardiac venous system in prenatal human life
Authors: Nowak Dariusz , Kozłowska Hanna , Żurada Anna , Gielecki Jerzy 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe human coronary sinus is an evolutionary modification of the terminal part of the left sinus horn. Anatomically, the coronary sinus is a short, broad vessel that runs along the coronary groove situated on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart. This structure, which opens into the right atrium, collects blood from the great cardiac vein and from other veins of the heart as well. In this study, we assessed the growth and dimensions of the coronary sinus at the fourth and eighth months of fetal development from whole material received from the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, Department of Histology and Embryology in Bydgoszcz. A group of 219 specimens, 105 male and 114 female fetuses, presented no visible malformations or developmental abnormalities. The results of this study determined that the dimension of the coronary sinus during prenatal development is not sexually dimorphic. Furthermore, following a monthly period of rapid growth in length of this structure, there are no further increases in length after the six months gestation. Finally, we concluded that the dimensions of the coronary sinus obtained during autopsy are similar to those determined through intravital ultrasound examination. The diameter of the coronary sinus is the best parameter to monitoring the fetal age and the growing of the fetus. Accordingly, we suggest that the best way of estimate for proper blood drainage from heart veins is study of coronary sinus volume.
Morphological Variability of Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) Cylindraceus (Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae) and Its Importance in Assessment of Taxonomy Structure of the Subgenus
Authors: Lisitsyna O. 
Published: December 2010

Morphological Variability ofPlagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) Cylindraceus(Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae) and Its Importance in Assessment of Taxonomy Structure of the SubgenusMorphological variability in cystacanths and adults ofP. (P.) cylindraceus(Goeze, 1782) Schmidt et Kuntz, 1966, type material ofP. (P.) gallinagiSchachtachtinskaja, 1953 andP. (P.) gracilisPetrochenko, 1958 were studied. Data on intermediate hosts, definitive hosts and distribution of some species from the subgenusProsthorhynchuswere summarized. The taxonomy of the subgenus is discussed and namesP. (P.) formosusVan Cleave, 1918,P. (P.) genitopapillatusLundström, 1942,P. (P.) transversusRudolphi, 1819,P. (P.) gallinagiandP. (P.) gracilisare placed as synonyms ofP. (P.) cylindraceus.
The First Record of Asymphylodora Progenetica (Trematoda, Monorchiidae) in Ukraine
Authors: Kudlai O. 
Published: December 2010

The First Record ofAsymphylodora Progenetica(Trematoda, Monorchiidae) in UkraineThe trematodeAsymphylodora progeneticaSerkova et Bychovskii, 1940 was found in freshwater mollusksBithynia tentaculata(Linnaeus, 1758) collected from the Kalmius River (near the city of Donetsk) in Ukraine. This species was recorded for the first time in Ukraine. Previously unknown encysted metacercariae and all detected stages of development are described and figured.
Language Specifics of Writing a Paper in English
Authors: Vančíková Jana 
Published: December 2010

Language Specifics of Writing a Paper in English
The paper aims to define the specifics of academic writing with focus on English language. It presents the linguistic features of academic text in comparison to the non-academic writing. Secondly, it provides the extended list of typical expressions used in different parts of academic paper. The paper gives many linguistic examples of expressions frequently used in the research and scientific papers.
Determinants of Blood Pressure among Youth in Ajman, UAE
Authors: Sreedharan Jayadevan , Mathew Elsheba , Muttappallymyalil Jayakumary , Sharbatii Shatha Al , Shaikh Rizwana B , Basha Shaikh Altaf 
Published: December 2010

BackgroundYouth is a vulnerable group for developing almost all life-style related diseases. The present cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the determinants of blood pressure among entry year students in a medical university in Ajman, United Arab Emirates.Materials and Methods One hundred and ten students from Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE participated in the study. A pretested structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Predictive Analytic Software 17 was used for data analysis. Chi-square test, Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used.ResultsVariables such as tobacco use, duration of sleep, Body Mass Index and gender were considered to assess the association with blood pressure. The mean age of the students was 19 years with a SD of 1.9 years. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 113.5 (SD 12.0) and 73.7 (SD 11.2) respectively with mean BMI of 24.9 (SD 5.7). A statistically significant association was observed between gender and blood pressure (p<0.05). The crude Odds Ratio (OR) observed for sleep duration and blood pressure was found statistically significant (p<0.05), but the adjusted OR was not statistically significant. Of the participants who sleep for more than 6 hours, majority (70%) have normal blood pressure. Nearly half of the participants who slept for less than 6 hours have pre-hypertension and/ or hypertension. There was statistically significant (p<0.005) association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP). The mean BMI among those with normal BP was 23.25 kg/m2 with a SD of 4.6 and those with pre-hypertension and/ or hypertension was 27.6 kg/m2 with a SD of 6.5.ConclusionGender and BMI are the significant factors associated with Blood pressure. The findings may be used to create strategies to impart awareness of the dangers of increased blood pressure among obese and non obese students.Key Words: Body Mass Index; Blood Pressure; UAEDOI: 10.3126/nje.v1i1.4107Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2010;1 (1):17-21
Retethering of transected fatty filum terminales
Authors: Ogiwara Hideki , Lyszczarz Arleta , Alden Tord D. , Bowman Robin M. , McLone David G. , Tomita Tadanori 
Published: December 2010

Object
Untethering of a tethered spinal cord (TSC) by transecting or removing a fatty filum terminale is a relatively simple procedure that can prevent or ameliorate neurological symptoms, and the postoperative prognosis is usually good. Progressive neurological deterioration caused by recurrent tethering has been rarely reported. The authors present their experience in cases in which a sectioned fatty filum terminale has become retethered.

Methods
The authors retrospectively analyzed the surgical results of pediatric patients with fatty filum terminale–TSC treated by transection of the filum. The patients' charts were reviewed for demographic data, clinical presentation, surgical therapy, and follow-up data.

Results
Of the 225 children who underwent TSC release by sectioning the fatty filum from 1992 to 2005, there were 6 patients (2.7%; 3 males, 3 females) in whom the fatty filum retethered. The mean age at the first diagnosis of TSC was 5.2 years (range 2 months–12.3 years). The mean duration from the first untethering procedure to retethering was 5.4 years. The mean age at the time of retethering was 10.6 years (range 7–17.5 years). Symptoms of retethering were urinary incontinence, low-back pain, difficulty walking, constipation, leg pain, and worsening foot deformity. Patients underwent cystometrography at the time retethering was indicated by increased bladder capacity, large post-void residual volume, decreased bladder capacity, increase in filling pressure, and poor sensation of filling. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed adherence of the rostral stump of the sectioned filum to the midline dorsal dural surface. All patients underwent the second untethering procedure. Four patients improved neurologically and experienced no retethering thereafter (mean follow-up period 5.5 years). Two patients experienced additional retethering after temporary improvement following the second untethering procedure.

Conclusions
Retethering of the spinal cord is a rare condition occurring after the sectioning of a fatty filum terminale. Awareness of this rare sequela is necessary for appropriate long-term management of TSC caused by a fatty filum terminale. Cystometrography is useful for detecting the lesion and confirming the diagnosis of retethering.
Transcallosal interforniceal approach to pineal region tumors in 150 children
Authors: Jia Wenqing , Ma Zhenyu , Liu Isabelle Yisha , Zhang Yuqi , Jia Ge , Wan Weiqing 
Published: December 2010

Object
Pediatric pineal region tumors are very difficult to cure surgically. The authors used the transcallosal interforniceal approach in patients with these lesions.

Methods
One hundred fifty children, 98 boys and 52 girls, with pineal region tumors underwent tumor resection via the transcallosal interforniceal approach in the pediatric neurosurgery ward of TianTan Hospital. The patients ranged in age from 1 to 15 years. Fifty-eight patients had mature teratomas; 57, immature teratomas; 14, astrocytomas; 3, glioblastomas; 4, pineoblastomas; 2, pineocytomas; 4, choriocarcinomas; 4, cavernous hemangiomas; 2, germ cell tumors; and 2, epidermoid cysts.

Results
One hundred twenty-nine tumors were totally removed, 15 were subtotally removed, and 6 were partly removed. There were no deaths and no subsequent instances of disconnection syndrome. Short-term memory deficits appeared in 94 patients but resolved within 6 months in most; only a few patients retained persistent deficits. There were 2 patients with mutism that resolved within 10 days. Parinaud syndrome was observed in 45 patients after surgery; 21 of these cases had appeared preoperatively. The syndrome resolved within 6 months in 31 patients, while it remained in the other 14.

Conclusions
The transcallosal interforniceal approach appears to be a safe route for pineal region tumors in children, and complete resection can be achieved in the majority of patients.
Posterior fossa craniotomy for trapped fourth ventricle in shunt-treated hydrocephalic children: long-term outcome
Authors: Udayakumaran Suhas , Biyani Naresh , Rosenbaum David P. , Ben-Sira Liat , Constantini Shlomi , Beni-Adani Liana 
Published: December 2010

Object
Trapped fourth ventricle (TFV) is a rare late complication of postinfectious or posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. This entity is distinct from a large fourth ventricle because TFV entails pressure in the fourth ventricle and posterior fossa due to abnormal inflow and outflow of CSF, causing significant symptoms and signs. As TFV is mostly found in children who were born prematurely and have cerebral palsy, diagnosis and treatment options are a true challenge.

Methods
Between February 1998 and February 2007, 12 children were treated for TFV in Dana Children's Hospital by posterior fossa craniotomy/craniectomy and opening of the TFV into the spinal subarachnoid space. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of relevant data, including pre- and postoperative clinical characteristics, surgical management, and outcome.

Results
Thirteen fenestrations of trapped fourth ventricles (FTFVs) were performed in 12 patients. In 6 patients with prominent arachnoid thickening, a stent was left from the opened fourth ventricle into the spinal subarachnoid space. One patient underwent a second FTFV 21 months after the initial procedure. No perioperative complications were encountered. All 12 patients (100%) showed clinical improvement after FTFV. Radiological improvement was seen in only 9 (75%) of the 12 cases. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 9.5 years (mean 6.11 ± 2.3 years) after FTFV.

Conclusions
Fenestration of a TFV via craniotomy is a safe and effective option with a very good long-term outcome and low rate of morbidity.
The “swing-ding”: a golf-related head injury in children
Authors: Wang Arthur , Cohen Alan R. , Robinson Shenandoah 
Published: December 2010

Object
In recent years there has been an increased incidence of golf-associated head injuries in children and adolescents. At the authors' institution, they have identified a unique pattern of head injury associated with a swinging golf club. In this study, the authors highlight the mechanism of this injury and report their experience treating it.

Methods
The authors reviewed the database of Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital Trauma Center and performed a retrospective analysis of golf injuries recorded over a 10-year period (January 2000–April 2010). They identified 13 children (9 boys and 4 girls) who sustained head injuries in golfing accidents. All patients were 10 years of age or younger. The medical charts were reviewed and follow-up interviews were conducted to better delineate the details of the injuries.

Results
Injuries included 13 depressed skull fractures, 7 epidural hematomas, and 1 cerebral contusion. All 13 patients sustained their injuries after being struck in the head by a golf club. Seven sustained injuries on the follow-through of the initial swing and 3 sustained injuries on the backswing. All but one patient required neurosurgical intervention. Five patients developed neurological sequelae. None of the children had prior experience with golf equipment. All but one injury occurred in the child's own backyard. There was no direct supervision by an adult in any of the cases.

Conclusions
Golfing can lead to serious head injuries in children. The authors noticed a unique pattern of golf-related head injuries, previously not described, that they have termed the “swing-ding.” This golf club–inflicted injury occurs when a child stands too close to a swinging golfer and is struck in the head, subsequently sustaining a comminuted depressed skull fracture in the frontal or temporal region, with or without further intracranial injury. The study suggests that a lack of adult supervision, minimal previous golf experience, and proximity of the child to the swinging golfer are all implicated in this head injury pattern.
Skull-fixated fiducial markers improve accuracy in staged frameless stereotactic epilepsy surgery in children
Authors: Thompson Eric M. , Anderson Gregory J. , Roberts Colin M. , Hunt Matthew A. , Selden Nathan R. 
Published: December 2010

Object
Surgery to monitor and resect epileptogenic foci may be undertaken in 2 stages, providing an opportunity to use skull-fixated fiducials implanted during the first stage to improve the accuracy of cortical resection during the second stage. This study compared the intrinsic accuracy of skin-based and skull-fixated fiducial markers in registering frameless stereotaxy during pediatric epilepsy surgery. To the authors' knowledge, these modalities of registration have not previously been directly compared in this population.

Methods
The authors undertook a retrospective review of pediatric patients who underwent resection of epileptogenic foci in 2 stages with frameless stereotactic assistance, performed by a single surgeon at Oregon Health & Science University. For the first stage (subdural grid implantation), 9 skin fiducial markers were used to register anatomical data in a frameless stereotactic station. Intraoperatively, four 3-mm screws were placed circumferentially around the craniotomy. Postoperatively, thin-slice brain MR and CT images were obtained and fused. For the second stage, the 4 screws were used as fiducial markers to register the stereotactic anatomical data. For both stages, accuracy (difference in millimeters from zero of the manual fiducial registration compared with the computer model) was determined using navigation software. The intrinsic accuracy of these 2 methods of fiducial registration was compared using a paired Student t-test.

Results
Between 2004 and 2009, 40 pediatric patients with epilepsy underwent frameless stereotactic surgical procedures. Fourteen patients who had 2-stage procedures using skin-based and skull-fixated registration with complete accuracy data were included in this retrospective review. Mean registration error was significantly lower using skull-fixated fiducials (1.35 mm, 95% CI 1.09–1.60 mm) than using skin-based fiducials (1.85 mm, 95% CI 1.56–2.13 mm; p = 0.0016).

Conclusions
A significantly higher degree of accuracy was achieved using 4 skull-fixated fiducials compared with using 9 skin-based fiducials. This simple and accurate method for registering frameless stereotactic anatomical data does not involve the potential time, expense, discomfort, and morbidity of extraoperative skull-fixated fiducial placement. The method described in this paper could also be extrapolated to other planned 2-stage cranial surgical procedures such as combined skull base approaches.
Endovascular treatment of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation: management strategy and 21-year experience in Toronto
Authors: Li Ai-Hsien , Armstrong Derek , terBrugge Karel G. 
Published: December 2010

Object
The treatment of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is among the most challenging of all the neurovascular disorders.

Methods
Between 1984 and 2005, 26 consecutive patients with VGAMs were treated by the authors' group, and their data were prospectively collected; 12 patients presented with congestive heart failure (CHF) and 10 had hydrocephalus. Five patients did not undergo endovascular treatment because of minimal symptoms or severe comorbidities. Twelve patients underwent embolization for refractory CHF requiring ventilation: 7 of these 12 patients had the procedure in the neonatal stage (5 survived), and 5 were treated in infancy or childhood following successful aggressive medical treatment (4 survived). The other 9 patients underwent endovascular surgery to treat a progressively enlarging head circumference; there was imaging evidence of ventricular enlargement and/or signs of developmental delay (6 underwent surgery in infancy and 3 in childhood; 1 patient died).

Results
The survival rate in this series was 76.9% (20 of 26). Fourteen (66.7%) of 21 patients who underwent endovascular treatment had no developmental delay. An analysis of various factors demonstrated that comorbidities and embolization effect (procedure success and long-term effect) were prognostic factors of survival. In addition, the patient's age at embolization was significantly higher in those with developmental delay than in those without (559.86 ± 535.43 days vs 94.83 ± 95.77 days, respectively; p = 0.028).

Conclusions
The authors conclude that neonatal VGAMs can be treated successfully with a strategic approach integrating antenatal diagnosis, endovascular surgery, treatment at intensive care facilities, and the cooperative efforts of different specialties. In the authors' experience, patients in whom VGAM was diagnosed and managed in infancy or childhood had more than 90% long-term survival.
Development and characterization of microsatellite loci in dioecious figs (Ficus, Moraceae)
Authors: Moe Annika M. , Weiblen George D. 
Published: December 2010

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers for dioecious fig species, Ficus bernaysii King (section Sycocarpus), Ficus pachyrrhachis K. Schum. & Lauterb. (section Sycocarpus), and Ficus copiosa Steud. (section Sycidium) were developed to estimate gene flow among closely related fig species.• Methods and Results: Loci were developed from tri‐ and tetranucleotide‐enriched genomic libraries. The six most repeatable and scorable loci for F. bernaysii and F. pachyrrhachis were characterized in 50 individuals each of five species from section Sycocarpus. Four primer pairs from F. copiosa were screened in 50 individuals each of two species from section Sycidium. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.53 to 0.93 in loci developed from F. bernaysii, 0.25 to 0.86 in loci developed from F. pachyrrhachis, and 0.68 to 0.87 in loci developed from F. copiosa.• Conclusions: Amplification across the two Ficus sections was observed in seven of the ten total primer pairs.
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid Induces P38-Dependent Inflammation in Human Mesothelial Cells
Authors: Riesenhuber Andrea , Kratochwill Klaus , Bender Thorsten O. , Vargha Regina , Kasper David C. , Herzog Rebecca , Salzer Elisabeth , Aufricht Christoph 
Published: December 2010

Background Noninfectious upregulation of proinflammatory pathways in mesothelial cells may represent an integral part of their stress response upon exposure to peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF). Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the stress-inducible mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 in regulation of inflammatory and stress responses in mesothelial cells following in vitro exposure to PDF. Materials and Methods Human peritoneal mesothelial cells were exposed to Dianeal PD4 or Physioneal (Baxter AG, Vienna, Austria) containing 1.36% glucose and then allowed to recover. Phosphorylation of p38, induction of heat shock protein-70 (HSP70), release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), secretion of interleukin (IL)-8, gene transcription, and mRNA stability were assessed with and without the MAPK p38 inhibitor SB203580. Results Exposure to Dianeal resulted in phosphorylation of p38 within 30 minutes (309% of control, p < 0.05) and increased IL-8 release (370% of control, p < 0.05), HSP70 expression (151% of control, p < 0.05), and LDH release (180% of control, p < 0.05). Exposure to Physioneal resulted in attenuated changes in IL-8, HSP70, and LDH. Addition of the p38 inhibitor SB203580 to Dianeal resulted in dampened IL-8 release (-55%; p < 0.05) and basal HSP70 expression, and unchanged LDH release. Effects of p38 on IL-8 were at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and translational levels. Conclusion These data confirm concordant p38-dependent upregulation of IL-8 and HSP70 following exposure to bioincompatible PDF. The MAPK p38 pathway therefore links proinflammatory processes and the cellular stress response in human peritoneal mesothelial cells.
How to say things without words: Wordless instructions as texts
Authors: Banks David 
Published: December 2010

Beaucoup d’objets ménagers se vendent de nos jours sous forme de kit. Les instructions d’assemblage fournies tantôt mêlent texte et illustrations ; tantôt même sont purement iconographiques. Ce choix présente l’avantage économique de convenir à tous les acheteurs potentiels, quelle que soit leur langue maternelle. Peut-on considérer néanmoins ces documents comme des textes et jusqu’à quel point? Le modèle systémique fonctionnel prévoit trois strates (métafonctions) sémantiques. La métafonction idéationnelle traite de l’aspect référentiel de la signification ; la métafonction interpersonnelle concerne les relations qu’entretient le locuteur avec d’une part ses interlocuteurs et de l’autre son message ; la métafonction textuelle traite de l’aspect de la signification qui fait qu’une chaîne de mots constitue un texte. Les instructions sans paroles possèdent des caractéristiques qui correspondent à chacune de ces trois métafonctions. Par conséquent, on peut émettre l’hypothèse que ces documents, bien que sans paroles, fonctionnent de la même façon qu’un texte écrit.
On the Horizontal Monotonicity of |Γ(s)|
Authors: Srinivasan Gopala Krishna , Zvengrowski P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWriting s = σ + it for a complex variable, it is proved that the modulus of the gamma function, |Γ(s)|, is strictly monotone increasing with respect to σ whenever |t| > 5/4. It is also shown that this result is false for |t| ≤ 1.