bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of plant‐growth‐promoting rhizobacteria, acibenzolar‐S‐methyl and hymexazol for integrated control of Fusarium crown and root rot on tomato
Authors: Myresiotis Charalampos K , Karaoglanidis George S , Vryzas Zisis , Papadopoulou‐Mourkidou Euphemia 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be potential agents for biological control of plant pathogens, while their combined use with conventional pesticides may increase their efficacy and broaden the disease control spectrum. The effect of four different Bacillus sp. PGPR strains (B. subtilis GB03 and FZB24, B. amyloliquefaciens IN937a and B. pumilus SE34) applied individually and in mixtures, as well as in combined use with acibezolar‐S‐methyl (ASM) and hymexazol, on plant growth promotion and on the control of Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR) of tomato was evaluated.RESULTS: All PGPR strains promoted the tested plant growth characteristics significantly. A higher promoting effect was provided by SE34. Experiments on population dynamics of PGPR strains revealed that, after 28 days of incubation, populations of strain SE34 remained stable, while the remaining bacterial strains showed a slight decline in their population densities. The GB03 and FZB24 strains provided a higher disease suppression when applied individually. However, application of IN937a in a mixture with GB03 provided a higher control efficacy of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis‐lycopersici (Forl). Treatment of tomato plants with ASM resulted in a small reduction in disease index, while application of hymexazol provided significantly higher control efficacy. Combined applications of the four PGPR strains with either ASM or hymexazol were significantly more effective.CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that, when bacilli PGPR strains were combined with pesticides, there was an increased suppression of Forl on tomato plants, and thus they may prove to be important components in FCRR integrated management. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Defect modulated Raman response of KC8 single crystals
Authors: Chacón‐Torres J. C. , Pichler T. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn situ experiments of graphite intercalation with potassium have been performed under high vacuum (HV) conditions. A detailed Raman lineshape analysis of the G‐line was applied to determine the intrinsic response of the stage one KC8 compound. Four defect‐modulated graphite single crystals were analyzed. We observe five vibrational modes (∼560, 1260, 1510, 1547, and 1563 cm−1). From a Breit–Wigner–Fano (BWF) lineshape analysis we elucidate the contribution of each vibrational mode observed. The intensity of the z‐axis mode (CZ) around ∼560 cm−1 varies depending on the defect modulated nominal KC8 crystal chosen. We prove that the intrinsic G‐line of KC8 is at 1510 cm−1, and it is strongly dependent on the actual defect content in the sample, which has important implications for the electron phonon coupling (EPC) responsible of superconductivity in this system.
The nonlinear optical absorption and corrections to the refractive index in a GaAs n‐type delta‐doped field effect transistor under hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Martínez‐Orozco J. C. , Mora‐Ramos M. E. , Duque C. A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe theoretical study of linear and nonlinear optical absorption, and the nonlinear corrections to the refractive index in a GaAs n‐type delta‐doped field effect transistor is preformed taking into account the effects of applied hydrostatic pressure on the quantum well energy states, the size of the system and the Scottky barrier height. The potential well model includes Hartree and exchange effects via a Thomas‐Fermi‐based local density approximation. The allowed levels are calculated within the effective mass and envelope function approximations by means of an expansion over an orthogonal set of infinite well eigenfunctions. The results for the linear, nonlinear and total optical absorption, as well that those corresponding to the relative corrections of the host material refractive index in first and third order of the susceptibility, are reported for several values of the hydrostatic pressure. For P around 5 kbar, an enhancement in the linear and nonlinear contributions is detected.
Memristive switching behavior in Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 by incorporating an oxygen‐deficient layer
Authors: Park Sangsu , Jung Seungjae , Siddik Manzar , Jo Minseok , Lee Joonmyoung , Park Jubong , Lee Wootae , Kim Seonghyun , Sadaf Sharif Md. , Liu Xinjun , Hwang Hyunsang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe propose a homogeneous nanoscaled (∅︁ 250 nm) bilayered Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (PCMO)‐based memory device that exhibits low power and good memristive switching behavior. Accurate control of the oxygen‐deficient (PCMO3–x) layer thickness promotes oxygen migration between PCMO3–x and stoichiometric PCMO (PCMO3). The bilayered PCMO structure was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Possible mechanisms of water splitting reaction based on proton and electron release pathways revealed for CaMn4O5 cluster of PSII refined to 1.9 Å X‐ray resolution
Authors: Saito T. , Yamanaka S. , Kanda K. , Isobe H. , Takano Y. , Shigeta Y. , Umena Y. , Kawakami K. , Shen J.‐R. , Kamiya N. , Okumura M. , Shoji M. , Yoshioka Y. , Yamaguchi K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRecently, Umena et al. have revealed the X‐ray diffraction structure of the CaMn4O5 cluster in the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII) refined to 1.9 Å resolution. Their X‐ray structure has first elucidated hydrogen‐bonding networks and proton release pathways at OEC of PSII. Here, several working hypotheses (heuristic principles) for water splitting reaction are derived from their X‐ray structure for theoretical modeling. These hypotheses suggest how water can be oxidized at OEC of PSII: namely possible reaction mechanisms for the reaction. To confirm them, we have also performed broken‐symmetry (BS) UB3LYP calculations for active site models based on their XRD structure. The bond lengths of formal Mn(V)O with labile dπ‐pπ bonds are optimized to clarify possible roles of the species that are often introduced as a key intermediate in the catalytic (Kok) cycle for water splitting reaction at OEC of PSII. Location of the transition structure for the oxygen‐oxygen (OO) bond formation is also performed by the energy optimization technique. The natural orbital (NO) analysis of the UB3LYP solutions has been performed to obtain the natural molecular orbitals and their occupation numbers that have been useful for classification of localized d‐electrons, labile chemical bonds and closed‐shell (valence) orbitals. The localized d‐electrons characterized by the NO analysis are the origins for the magnetism revealed by ENDOR and other magnetic experiments. On the other hand, the nature of labile (soft) dπ‐pπ bonds responsible for the OO bond formation has been investigated on the basis of chemical indices such as effective bond order (b), diradical character (y), and spin density (Q) indices that are calculated using the orbital overlap between broken‐symmetry orbitals. These chemical indices have been calculated for the transition structure of the OO bond formation at OEC of PSII. Implications of present computational results are discussed in relation to the derived hypotheses and available accumulated experimental results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Susceptibility to winter vomiting disease: a sweet matter
Authors: Rydell Gustaf E. , Kindberg Elin , Larson Göran , Svensson Lennart 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYNorovirus, the cause of winter vomiting disease, has emerged in recent years to be a major cause of sporadic and epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. The virus has been estimated to cause >200 000 deaths each year in developing countries. Although the virus is highly contagious, volunteer and field studies have shown that a subset of individuals appears resistant to infections. A single nucleotide mutation (G428A) in the fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2) on chromosome 19 provides strong protection from infection in 20% of the white population. Histo‐blood group ABO(H) antigens with terminal fucose are believed to function as receptors for human norovirus in the gastrointestinal tract, but also negatively charged potential receptors have been identified. Norovirus infection is a unique example where a single nucleotide mutation in a fucosyltransferase gene plays a crucial role in susceptibility to one of the most common viral diseases. This review discusses the role of host genetics and carbohydrate structures in susceptibility to winter vomiting disease. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LMI‐based robust sliding control for mismatched uncertain nonlinear systems using fuzzy models
Authors: Liu Sung‐Chieh , Lin Sheng‐Fuu 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYWe propose a robust sliding control design method for uncertain Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy models. The uncertain fuzzy systems under consideration have mismatched parameter uncertainties in the state matrix and external disturbances. We make the first attempt to relax the restrictive assumption that each nominal local system model shares the same input channel, which is required in the traditional VSS‐based fuzzy control design methods. We derive the existence conditions of linear sliding surfaces guaranteeing the asymptotic stability in terms of constrained LMIs. We present an LMI characterization of such sliding surfaces. Also, an LMI‐based algorithm is given to design the switching feedback control term so that a stable sliding motion is induced in finite time. Finally, we give two simulation results to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resistive‐Switching Crossbar Memory Based on Ni–NiO Core–Shell Nanowires
Authors: Cagli Carlo , Nardi Federico , Harteneck Bruce , Tan Zhongkui , Zhang Yuegang , Ielmini Daniele 
Published: September 2011

AbstractResistive‐switching memory (RRAM) is an emerging nanoscale device based on the localized metal–insulator transition within a few‐nanometer‐sized metal oxide region. RRAM is one of the most promising memory technologies for the ultimate downscaling of nonvolatile memory. However, to develop memory arrays with densities approaching 1 Tb cm−2, bottom‐up schemes based on synthesis and assembly of metal oxide nanowires (NWs) must be demonstrated. A RRAM memory device based on core–shell Ni‐NiO NWs is presented, in which the Ni core plays the role of the metallic interconnect, while the NiO shell serves as the active switching layer. A resistance change of at least two orders of magnitude is shown on electrical operation of the device, and the metal–insulator switching is unequivocally demonstrated to take place in the NiO shell at the crossing between two NWs or between a NW and a gold electrode strip. Since the fabrication of the NW crossbar device is not limited by lithography, this approach may provide a basis for high‐density, low‐cost crossbar memory with long‐term storage stability.
(MC2)2: criteria, requirements and a software prototype for Cloud infrastructure decisions
Authors: Menzel Michael , Schönherr Marten , Tai Stefan 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYCloud computing is a disruptive technology, representing a new model for information technology solution engineering and management that promises to introduce significant cost savings and other benefits. The adoption of Cloud computing requires a detailed comparison of infrastructure alternatives, taking a number of aspects into careful consideration. Existing methods of evaluation, however, limit decision‐making to the relative costs of Cloud computing, but do not take a broader range of criteria into account. The Multi‐Criteria Comparison Method for Cloud Computing () offers a multi‐criteria‐based decision framework that can be applied to Cloud computing. The framework allows organizations to create evaluation methods that help to determine what infrastructure best suits their needs by evaluating and ranking infrastructure alternatives using multiple criteria derived from a comprehensive criteria catalog. Therefore, offers a way to differentiate infrastructures not only by costs but also in terms of benefits, opportunities and risks. can be adapted to facilitate a wide array of decision‐making scenarios within the domain of information technology infrastructures, depending on the criteria selected to support the framework. The software prototype presented in this paper creates an interface to decision‐makers that makes the framework more usable for Cloud infrastructure decisions in practice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on physicochemical characteristics of waxy potato starch in comparison with other waxy starches
Authors: Yan Hong , Yayuan Zhang , Ling Zhu , Zhengbiao Gu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe physicochemical properties of wx potato, wx corn, and wx rice starches were examined and compared. wx potato starch displayed the B‐type XRD pattern, whereas wx rice and wx corn displayed the A‐type. Shapes of wx potato starch were oval or slightly round, wx corn and wx rice starch granules were polygonal. AM contents of the three starches were between 1.0 and 1.5%. Rapid viscosity analyzer data showed initial pasting temperatures of wx potato, wx corn, and wx rice starches as 69.6, 75.4, and 76.8°C, respectively, peak viscosity, breakdown, and setback of wx potato starch were 2114, 1084, and 4 mPa s. Using DSC, onset temperature of gelatinization of wx potato starch was 5.5–7.2°C higher than those of wx rice and wx corn starches. The thermal enthalpies of the starches studied in our laboratory were in the range of 0.2268–1.9900 J/g with decreasing order of wx potato > wx corn > wx rice starch.
Finding functional redundancies in offshore wind turbine design
Authors: Echavarría E. , van Bussel G. J. W. , Tomiyama T. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTOffshore operational conditions for wind farms differ from onshore especially because of their exposure to extreme weather, their remote locations and their inaccessibility in certain periods of the year. This brings a new challenge for the wind energy industry, which faces the need of more reliable systems. A common approach to improve reliability is to use component redundancies. Although this may be a good solution in some cases, it can also give undesirable consequences such as additional weight, need of additional space and cost increase. Another approach is to look at the functional capabilities of existing components to accomplish functions not initially intended to do so. In the event of a fault, these additional capabilities may be used to substitute the function of a faulty component and to have the system available for operation.This paper presents a new design philosophy based on functional redundancies and reconfiguration that can help to increase availability of wind turbines. It has a special impact on offshore applications where, in addition to the difficult accessibility, energy output per unit is more significant because of the continuous increase in sizes. An example is presented using a conceptual design of a wind turbine, showing how to find potential functional redundancies that can provide fault‐tolerant solutions and bring flexibility to the system's operation, at no significant additional weight and cost. The methodology is implemented in a software tool named Knowledge Intensive Engineering Framework, which supports functional representation and, more specifically, function‐behavior‐state modeling. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical methods for computer performance evaluation
Authors: Patil Shruti , Lilja David J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractComputer performance has traditionally played a fundamental role in computer system design. Performance measurements and their quantitative analyses are useful in understanding and enhancing a computer system and in comparing different systems. Owing to the stochastic nature of systems, measuring performance is prone to noise and experimental errors. The field of statistics provides a rich set of tools and techniques to effectively deal with such noise and errors, allowing one to obtain meaningful measurements. Statistical techniques have also been applied in many other areas of computer performance measurement, such as designing experiments, simulation, analyzing results, and predicting performance. In this article, we present a comprehensive discussion of how statistical theories apply during the process of computer performance measurement and describe the statistical techniques that have been used in the literature. WIREs Comp Stat 2012, 4:98–106. doi: 10.1002/wics.192This article is categorized under:

Algorithms and Computational Methods > Algorithms
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of γ‐P4S6
Authors: Rödl Thomas , Pfitzner Arno 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe crystal and molecular structure of γ‐P4S6 was determined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. It crystallizes monoclinically in the space group P21/m (No. 11) with a = 6.627(3) Å, b = 10.504(7) Å, c = 6.878(3) Å, β = 90.18(4)°, V = 478.8(4) Å3, and Z = 2. The structure consists of cage‐like P4S6 molecules with CS symmetry arranged with the topology of a cubic close packing.
Quaternary Germanide Arsenides ZrCuGeAs and HfCuGeAs
Authors: Baergen Alyson M. , Blanchard Peter E. R. , Stoyko Stanislav S. , Mar Arthur 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe quaternary germanide arsenides ZrCuGeAs and HfCuGeAs were prepared by reaction of “ZrCuGe” or “HfCuGe” precursor materials with As at 800 °C. They are new representatives of the ZrCuSiAs‐type structure (tetragonal, space group P4/nmm, Z = 2, Pearson symbol tP8), as determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction on ZrCuGeAs (a = 3.7155(2) Å, c = 9.5644(6) Å) and powder X‐ray diffraction on HfCuGeAs (a = 3.6935(3) Å, c = 9.5557(9) Å). They belong in the small category of ZrCuSiAs‐type compounds exhibiting strong covalent bonding in three dimensions, as reflected in their location in a structure map and as confirmed by band structure calculations. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy provides evidence for anionic As atoms. Both compounds exhibit temperature‐independent Pauli paramagnetism.
Solubility Behaviour of TiCl4, ZrCl4, and HfCl4 in Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Dötterl Matthias , Haas Isabelle , Alt Helmut G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe solubility of NbCl5, TaCl5, TiCl4, ZrCl4, and HfCl4 in neutral [BMIM][AlCl4] (BMIM = 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) was determined. While TiCl4 was immiscible with the neutral ionic liquid, 0.80 molar equivalents of ZrCl4 and stoichiometric amounts of HfCl4 dissolved in the melt at ambient temperature. The crystal structures and the unit cell parameters of [BMIM]2[Ti2Cl10], [BMIM]2[Zr2Cl10], and [PhNMe3][Hf2Cl9] were determined. [BMIM]2[Ti2Cl10], and [BMIM]2[Zr2Cl10] were crystallised from basic chloroaluminate melts. With a trimethylanilinium cation, [PhNMe3][Hf2Cl9] crystallised from an equimolar composition of PhNMe3Cl, AlCl3, and HfCl4. Obviously, HfCl4 abstracted a chloride ligand from [AlCl4]– to give highly Lewis acidic [Al2Cl7]– anions.
Ammonium Phenylphosphonamidodiselenoates and Phenylphosphonamidodi‐selenoic Diamides from the Selenation of Primary and Secondary Amines
Authors: Hua Guoxiong , Randall Rebecca A. M. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Woollins J. Derek 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBy reacting two equivalents of primary or secondary amines with 2,4‐bis(phenyl)‐1,3‐diselenadiphosphetane‐2,4‐diselenide (Woollins' reagent) at room temperature a series of new ammonium phenylphosphonamidodiselenoates 1–7 have been obtained in good to excellent yields (70–99 %). The first metal complex of phenylphosphonamidodiselenoate, the complex of Cd2L4 (L = [Se2PPh(NCH(CH3)2]–) (8) has been prepared from the reaction of diisopropylamine N‐isopropyl‐P‐phenylphosphonamidodiselenoate with Cd(CH3COO)2 in dichloromethane. Upon heating to 130 °C the ammonium phenylphosphonamidodiselenoates lose hydrogen selenide leading to the corresponding phenylphosphonamidodiselenoic diamides 9–11 in almost quantitative yields. The same products 9–11 can also be prepared directly from the reaction of primary amines with Woollins' reagent in refluxing toluene. Three representative X‐ray structures are described.
Balance dysfunction and falls in people with lower limb arthritis: factors contributing to risk and effectiveness of exercise interventions
Authors: Levinger Pazit , Wallman Susannah , Hill Keith 
Published: September 2011

AbstractChronic musculoskeletal conditions in the lower extremities, particularly arthritis, and the chronic pain associated with them, are independent risk factors for falls, with approximately 50% of people with arthritis reporting one or more falls. Despite this, few studies have specifically addressed balance dysfunction, falls risk and falls incidence in people with arthritis. This review aimed to identify potential factors contributing to the increased risk of falls in people with lower limb osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis and to summarise the evidence base for effective exercise interventions targeted to reduce their risk of falls. A systematic search of the literature was conducted in February 2010 and included the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO. Only three studies that investigated exercise programmes for people with lower limb arthritis met all inclusion criteria, but none used falls as an outcome measure. To broaden the review, systematic reviews that assessed the effectiveness of exercise interventions for fall prevention in older people were also included. The presence of any form of lower limb arthritis and the associated consequences including pain, balance impairment, reduced muscle strength and reduced function are all associated with increased risk of falling. Due to the link between musculoskeletal pain and the increased risk of falls, further research needs to investigate which type of exercise programme will be effective in reducing the risk of falls in populations with arthritis in the lower limbs.