bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effectiveness of the maximum permitted dose of midazolam in seizure termination: Insights from New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Fouche Pieter Francsois , Nichols Martin , Abrahams Raquel , Maximous Kristina , Bendall Jason 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveOut‐of‐hospital seizures demand rapid management. Midazolam plays a key role in stopping seizures. At times the first dose of midazolam proves insufficient, necessitating additional doses. Within the New South Wales Ambulance (NSWA) service, the upper limit for midazolam administration is set at 15 mg. However, the outcomes and safety of using midazolam at this maximum dosage have not been thoroughly investigated.MethodsA retrospective analysis of out of hospital electronic health records from New South Wales, Australia, over the year 2022, was conducted. The study manually reviewed cases where adult patients received the maximum dose of midazolam for seizure management by paramedics. It focused on seizure cessation success rates and the incidence of adverse effects to evaluate the clinical implications of high‐dose midazolam administration.ResultsOf 818 790 individual attendances by NSWA clinicians, a total of 11 392 (1.4%) adults had seizures noted, of which midazolam was administered in 2565 (22.5%). An algorithm shows that in 2352 (91.7%) instances the midazolam was associated with the apparent termination of seizures. Analysis revealed that 176 (1.5%) proportion of all adult's seizure patients required the maximum dose of midazolam for seizure control. These higher doses successfully terminate seizures in about half of the instances. AEs following the maximum dose of midazolam included hypoxia in 26.7% of patients and respiratory depression in 9.7%, indicating significant side effects at higher dosages.ConclusionIn New South Wales, Australia, administering the maximum dose of midazolam to seizure patients is rare but proves effective in approximately half of the refractory seizure cases. Therefore, assessing the potential for additional doses of midazolam or the use of a second‐line agent is advisable.
Cardiovascular mortality in bipolar disorder: Population‐based cohort study
Authors: Paljärvi Tapio , Herttua Kimmo , Taipale Heidi , Lähteenvuo Markku , Tanskanen Antti , Tiihonen Jari 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundLimited evidence base on cause‐specific excess cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in bipolar disorder (BD) is a barrier to developing preventive interventions aimed at reducing the persistent mortality gap in BD.ObjectiveTo investigate cause‐specific CVD mortality in BD.MethodsWe identified all individuals aged 15+ years during 2004–2018 with a diagnosis of BD using Finnish nationwide routine data. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the mortality rates in the general population as weights.Results53,273 individuals with BD (57% women; median age at BD diagnosis, 40 years), were followed up for 428,426 person‐years (median, 8.2 years). There were 5988 deaths due to any cause, of which 26% were due to CVD. The leading cause of absolute excess CVD mortality was coronary artery disease (CAD). The leading causes of relative excess mortality were cardiomegaly (SMR, 4.51; 95% CI, 3.58–5.43), venous thromboembolism (3.03; 2.26–3.81), cardiomyopathy (2.46; 1.95–2.97), and hypertensive heart disease (2.12; 1.71–2.54). The leading causes of absolute CVD mortality showed markedly lower relative excess, including CAD (1.47; 1.34–1.61), ischaemic stroke (1.31; 1.06–1.54), and acute myocardial infarction (1.12; 0.98–1.25). Due to the higher relative excess mortality, structural and functional heart disorders contributed as much as atherosclerotic and ischaemic disorders to the absolute excess mortality.ConclusionsCardiomyopathy and hypertensive heart disease as the leading causes of relative excess mortality emphasise the contribution of structural and functional heart disorders to the overall excess mortality alongside coronary artery disease. Interventions targeted at these modifiable causes of death should be priorities in the prevention of premature excess CVD mortality in BD.
Conserving low‐intensity farming is key to halting the declines of migratory passerines in their tropical wintering grounds
Authors: Agger C. , Massam M. R. , Assou D. , Boafo K. , Nelson L. , Orsman C. J. , Roberts J. T. , Segniagbeto G. H. , Skeen R. Q. , Beale C. , Mallord J. W. , Edwards D. P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHalf of all migratory bird species have declined over the past 30 years, with intercontinental migrants declining faster than their short‐distance migratory counterparts. One potential cause of these declines is habitat loss and degradation on tropical wintering grounds, where agricultural conversion of natural habitats and intensification of traditional, low‐intensity agricultural systems are frequently occurring. Although the broad patterns of wintering migrant abundance are well understood along most flyways, how species' habitat associations vary across disturbance gradients in agricultural landscapes remains a key question, with implications for landscape‐level farm management and restoration activities. We used 328 point count locations and associated habitat assessments targeted at a cohort of eight severely declining Afro‐Palaearctic migratory passerines in the Guineo–Congolian transition zone of Western Africa to model the probability of the presence of migrants within grass, shrub, forb and forest‐covered areas. We found support for the widespread use of early successional habitats retained within traditionally managed farmland by migrants. Most species utilize scrubland on fallows within the agricultural mosaic, especially Spotted Flycatcher, Garden Warbler, Melodious Warbler, Whinchat and Common Nightingale. Only Pied Flycatcher relied upon mature forested areas. The avoidance of mature forested habitats by most species suggests that habitat requirements of severely declining migrant birds must be explicitly considered within conservation and restoration schemes, via mechanisms to retain low‐intensity farming, especially short‐term abandoned fallows that regenerate scrubby areas within the agricultural matrix. Any habitat management within the agricultural matrix should be considered in the context of the needs of local communities.
Queer Economic Geographies: Sexual Hegemony, Queer and Trans Work, and Homocapitalism
Authors: Cockayne Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile queer and trans perspectives and theories are significant themes in most areas of critical human geography today, the same cannot be said of economic geography. This paper argues for the importance of theorising the relations between non‐normative sexualities and gender identities in economic geography. This argument builds on research in feminist economic geography and beyond about the centrality of cisheterosexuality to the economy and structures of capitalism. I show how queer and trans geography and feminist economic geography have already contributed to research about the relations between non‐normative sexualities and gender identities and the economy, then outline three queer economic geographies as examples of how economic geography might further engage with sexuality beyond cisheterosexuality: (1) sexual hegemony; (2) queer and trans work; and (3) homocapitalism. Together with existing research on the economy in queer and trans geography, these queer economic geographies—each touching on concepts central to economic geography—contribute further to our understandings of how non‐normative sexualities and gender identities can be theorised in economic geography.
Global epidemiology of alcohol‐associated liver disease in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Chen Vincent L. , Tothanarungroj Primrose , Kaewdech Apichat , Kanjanakot Yatawee , Fangsaard Panisara , Wattanachayakul Phuuwadith , Duangsonk Kwanjit , Kongarin Siwanart , Yang Ju Dong , Wong Robert J. , Noureddin Mazen , Díaz Luis Antonio , Arab Juan Pablo , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Wijarnpreecha Karn 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBackground and AimsThe objective of the study was to analyse the prevalence, incidence, and death of alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) among adolescents and young adults globally, continentally, and nationally, focusing on trends over time.MethodsThe study analysed data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study between 2000 and 2019. It examined ALD's prevalence, incidence, and death in adolescents and young adults aged 15–29, segmented by region, nation, and sociodemographic index. The analysis utilised Joinpoint regression modelling to calculate the annual per cent change (APC) in the rate of these parameters over time.ResultsIn 2019, there were 281,450 ALD prevalences, 18,930 incidences, and 3190 deaths among adolescents and young adults globally. From 2000 to 2019, the age‐adjusted prevalence rate per 100,000 increased in the 25–29 age group (APC: +0.6%, p = 0.003), remained stable among ages 20–24 (p = 0.302) and ages 15–19 (p = 0.160). Prevalence increased significantly from age 15–19 to 20–24 (19‐fold increase) and from age 20–24 to 25–29 (2.5‐fold increase). ALD prevalence rates increased in all age groups in adolescents and young adults in Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean region. Around three‐quarters of countries and territories experienced an increase in ALD incidence rates in young adults.ConclusionOver two decades, the burden of ALD among adolescents and young adults has increased globally. The study emphasises the importance of public health policies aimed at reducing alcohol consumption and preventing ALD among younger populations.
Quercetin inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and survival by targeting Akt/mTOR/PTEN signaling pathway
Authors: Jiang Ji , Yang Yan , Wang Fuhuan , Mao Wei , Wang Zhongjun , Liu Zegang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecently, natural compounds such as quercetin have gained an increasing amount of attention in treating breast cancer. However, the exact mechanisms responsible for the antiproliferative functions of quercetin are not completely understood. Therefore, we aimed to examine quercetin impacts on breast cancer cell proliferation and survival and the involvement of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 cells were exposed to quercetin, and cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. ELISA was applied to evaluate cell apoptosis. The expression levels of apoptotic mediators such as caspase‐3, Bcl‐2, Bax and PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and PTEN were assessed via qRT‐PCR and western blot. We found that quercetin suppressed dose dependently cell growth capacity in MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 cells. In addition, quercetin treatment increase apoptosis in both cells lines via modulating the pro‐ and antiapoptotic markers. Quercetin upregulated PTEN and downregulated PI3K, Akt, and mTOR, hence suppressing this signaling pathway in cells. In conclusion, we showed antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic function of quercetin in breast cancer cell lines, which is mediated by targeting and suppressing PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal transduction.
Network pharmacology and experimental verification to explore the effect of Hedyotis diffusa on Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chen JingXu , Rao JiaLi , Lu Hao , Lu Min , Wang ChengCheng , Cao Yan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the active components and the effect of Hedyotis diffusa (HD) against Alzheimer's disease (AD) via network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental evaluations. We conducted a comprehensive screening process using the TCMSP, Swiss Target Prediction, and PharmMapper databases to identify the active components and their related targets in HD. In addition, we collected potential therapeutic targets of AD from the Gene Cards, Drugbank, and OMIM databases. Afterward, we utilized Cytoscape to establish both protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and compound‐target (C‐T) networks. To gain further insights into the functional aspect, we performed GO and KEGG pathway analyses using the David database. Next, we employed Autodock vina to estimate the binding force between the components and the hub genes. To validate our network pharmacology findings, we conducted relevant experiments on Caenorhabditis elegans, further confirming the reliability of our results. Then a total of six active compounds and 149 therapeutic targets were detected. Through the analysis of the association between active compounds, therapeutic targets, and signaling pathways, it was observed that the therapeutic effect of HD primarily encompassed the inhibition of Aβ, suppression of AChE activity, and mitigating oxidative stress. Additionally, our investigation revealed that the key active compounds in HD primarily consisted of iridoids, which exhibited resistance against AD by acting on the Alzheimer's disease pathway and the AGE‐RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications.
Role of projective psychological tests in patients with Prader‐Willi syndrome
Authors: Gonzalez‐Ruiz Yohanna , Galiana Anabela , Stegmann Jorgelina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and relevance of projective techniques such as house‐tree‐person (HTP) and family in individuals with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS), who have a limited ability to identify and verbalize emotions and express them often using behaviors.MethodsWe included individuals with genetic confirmation of PWS immersed in a regular transdisciplinary treatment in an institution dedicated to rare diseases. All individuals were evaluated using the HTP and family projective techniques. These instruments are commonly administered to the general population and, in this case, to people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities, including difficulties in their communication abilities.ResultsA total of 25 individuals with PWS between 10 and 41 years old (15 men and 10 women) were included. We identified the presence of graphic indicators corresponding to the behavioral phenotype of individuals with PWS, such as anxiety, stubbornness, emotional lability, difficulty in achieving adequate externalization and identification of emotions, impulsivity, aggressive traits, poor social skills, need for support and interaction, low self‐concept, and compulsive behaviors.ConclusionsIn the present study, we demonstrated the usefulness of graphic techniques to elucidate aspects of behavior, emotions, and thoughts that individuals with PWS cannot formulate due to expression and communication difficulties.
Sleep disruption and premolar absence, NHANES, 2017–2020: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wiener R. Constance , Hnat Michael , Ngan Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveOrthodontic treatment often involves four first premolar extractions. There is concern that the retraction of the anterior teeth due to extraction of first premolars may constrict tongue space and will reduce oral cavity and oropharynx space. Constricted airways are often associated with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and sleep disruption. The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association of SDB factors with the absence of first premolars.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017‐March 2020 data on participants, aged 18–65 years (n = 4742). Variables of interest included self‐reports of SDB (symptoms of disrupted sleep such as snoring, snorting, daytime sleepiness, and inappropriate number of hours of sleep). Data for the presence/absence of first premolars were gathered from the oral examination section of NHANES. An assumption was made that absence of four first premolars in dentate participants indicated extractions for orthodontic treatment. Data analyses were conducted with Rao Scott chi squared test.ResultsThere were no significant associations of SDB and symptoms of disrupted sleep associated with the absence of four first premolars in dentate participants.ConclusionConcerns of the impact of first premolar extractions on SDB were not supported with this study.
Addressing the Southeast Asian snaring crisis: Impact of 11 years of snare removal in a biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Tilker Andrew , Niedballa Jürgen , Viet Hung Luong , Abrams Jesse F. , Marescot Lucile , Wilkinson Nicholas , Rawson Benjamin M. , Sollmann Rahel , Wilting Andreas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnsustainable snaring is causing biodiversity declines across tropical protected areas, resulting in species extinctions and jeopardizing the health of forest ecosystems. Here, we used 11 years of ranger‐collected data to assess the impact of intensive snare removal on snaring levels in two protected areas in Viet Nam. Snare removal resulted in significant declines in snare occupancy (36.9, 95% Bayesian credible interval [4.6, 59.0] reduction in percent area occupied), but snaring levels nonetheless remained high (31.4, [23.6, 40.8] percent area occupied), and came with a substantial financial cost. Our results indicate that snare removal remains an important component of efforts to protect tropical protected areas but by itself is likely insufficient to address this threat. To stop snaring in protected areas, a multifaceted approach will be necessary that combines short‐term reactive snare removal with long‐term proactive programs that address the underlying drivers behind snaring.
Recreational angler preferences for, and potential effort responses to, different red snapper management approaches
Authors: Chong Lisa , Pienaar Elizabeth F. , Ahrens Robert N. M. , Camp Edward V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Gulf of Mexico red snapper fishery has been caught in a spiral of more restrictive regulations and disputed management. Current management measures have failed to reduce fishing mortality, owing in part to derby style fishing. A harvest tag system could potentially better limit fishing mortality without decreasing harvest seasons. In 2019/20 we surveyed 766 recreational anglers who fish in Florida with private boats to ascertain their preferences for regulation changes, and how they would alter their fishing effort if a harvest tag was implemented. Respondents were heterogeneous in terms of their preferences for harvest tags versus current management approaches, with most respondents preferring to maintain their current effort under the existing management approach of bag, size, and season limits. Respondents who preferred harvest tags indicated that they might increase or decrease fishing effort. Our findings suggest that more stringent regulations using current management approaches will not secure angler satisfaction or reduce fishing pressure on the red snapper stock. Harvest tags, though not preferred by all respondents, may allow regulators to better manage the number of anglers in the fishery and to rebuild the stock, although implementing this program will pose some challenges.
Understanding cultural inclusion in alcohol and other drug services in New South Wales, Australia and assessing the acceptability of a cultural inclusion audit
Authors: Horwitz Robyn , Brener Loren , Prankumar Sujith Kumar , de Jesus Tata , Jaworski Alison , Jadran Ahmad , Bryant Joanne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionCultural inclusion and competence are understood at the most basic level to be the practice of considering culture so as to provide effective services to people of different cultural backgrounds. In order to work better with clients from diverse backgrounds, alcohol and other drug (AOD) services need to offer a service that is designed to be accessible to all people, where systems in place operate in a way that considers different cultural needs. This research aimed to assess the extent to which non‐government AOD services in New South Wales are positioned to support cultural inclusion as well as to evaluate the acceptability of a cultural inclusion audit across four AOD sites.MethodsThe research adopted a mixed methods approach comprising of a pre‐audit online survey (n = 85) designed to assess AOD services' attitudes and practices towards cultural inclusion, and in‐depth interviews that were conducted with nine AOD service staff and four cultural auditors to explore the acceptability of a cultural inclusion audit process.ResultsFindings from the survey indicate cultural inclusion practices are limited. Interview data highlight that while staff are not fully aware of what appropriate cultural inclusions entails, they are receptive to and want a cultural inclusion program.Discussion and ConclusionsThe study illustrates the benefits of implementing a cultural inclusion audit process aimed at raising awareness of what cultural inclusion entails. Including a cultural inclusion service audit is likely to enhance AOD service provision to culturally and linguistically diverse groups and thereby improve treatment outcomes.
Exploring causal effects of gut microbiota and metabolites on body fat percentage using two‐sample Mendelian randomization
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Lu Chunrong , Li Xiang , Ye Pengpeng , Ma Jie , Chen Xiaochun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimThe relationship between the gut microbiota, metabolites and body fat percentage (BFP) remains unexplored. We systematically assessed the causal relationships between gut microbiota, metabolites and BFP using Mendelian randomization analysis.Materials and MethodsSingle nucleotide polymorphisms associated with gut microbiota, blood metabolites and BFP were screened via a genome‐wide association study enrolling individuals of European descent. Summary data from genome‐wide association studies were extracted from the MiBioGen consortium and the UK Biobank. The inverse variance‐weighted model was the primary method used to estimate these causal relationships. Sensitivity analyses were performed using pleiotropy, Mendelian randomization‐Egger regression, heterogeneity tests and leave‐one‐out tests.ResultsIn the aspect of phyla, classes, orders, families and genera, we observed that o_Bifidobacteriales [β = −0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.07 to −0.03; false discovery rate (FDR) = 2.76 × 10−3], f_Bifidobacteriaceae (β = −0.05; 95% CI: −0.07 to −0.07; FDR = 2.76 × 10−3), p_Actinobacteria (β = −0.06; 95% CI: −0.09 to −0.03; FDR = 6.36 × 10−3), c_Actinobacteria (β = −0.05; 95% CI: −0.08 to −0.02; FDR = 1.06 × 10−2), g_Bifidobacterium (β = −0.05; 95% CI: −0.07 to −0.02; FDR = 1.85 × 10−2), g_Ruminiclostridium9 (β = −0.03; 95% CI: −0.06 to −0.01; FDR = 4.81 × 10−2) were negatively associated with BFP. G_Olsenella (β = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01‐0.03; FDR = 2.16 × 10−2) was positively associated with BFP. Among the gut microbiotas, f_Bifidobacteriales, o_Bifidobacteriales, c_Actinobacteria and p_Actinobacteria were shown to be significantly associated with BFP in the validated dataset. In the aspect of metabolites, we only observed that valine (β = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.5‐1.04; FDR = 8.65 × 10−6) was associated with BFP.ConclusionsMultiple gut microbiota and metabolites were strongly associated with an increased BFP. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this putative causality. In addition, BFP, a key indicator of obesity, suggests that obesity‐related interventions can be developed from gut microbiota and metabolite perspectives.