bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
African histoplasmosis: report of four cases from northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Khalil M. A. , Hassan A. W. , Gugnani H. C. 
Published: April 2009

Summary. Four cases of African histoplasmosis with lesions of the skin, subcutaneous tissues and lymph nodes diagnosed histologically are described from the Borno State of Nigeria. Three of the cases were autochthonous to this State, whereas the fourth one originated from the Anambra State of Nigeria. These cases constitute the first record of African histoplasmosis from the arid zone of the north‐eastern part of Nigeria.Zusammenfassung. Es werden vier histologisch diagnostizierte Fälle von Afrikanischer Histoplasmose mit Läsionen an der Haut, in subkutanem Gewebe sowie in Lymphknoten im Borno‐Staat, Nigeria beschrieben. Drei der Fälle werden als autochthon angesehen, während der vierte aus dem Anambra‐Staat importiert war. Diese Fälle sind der erste Nachweis Afrikanischer Histoplasmose aus der ariden Zone von Nordost‐Nigeria.
Experimental models in antifungal chemotherapy
Authors: Polak Annemarie 
Published: April 2009

Summary. This review summarizes detailed information about a wide variety of animal models of fungal infections used for research and in the pharmaceutical industry.Zusammenfassung. Die Übersicht bietet detaillierte Informationen über die Vielfalt experimenteller Tierversuche, wie sie in der Forschung und zur Weiterentwicklung der antimykotischen Chemotherapie unabdingbar sind.
Rhinocerebral zygomycosis treated with liposomal amphotericin B and surgery
Authors: Saltoğlu N. , Taşova Y. , Zorludemir Suzan , Dündar I. H. 
Published: April 2009

Summary. We report three cases with rhinocerebral zygomycosis in two diabetic persons and one otherwise healthy person. The diagnosis was established by histopathological appearance and computerized tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. These cases were successfully treated by a combination of surgery and liposomal amphotericin B.Zusammenfassung. Es werden drei Fälle von rhinozerebraler Zygomykose vorgestellt, zwei bei Diabetikern und eine bei einem Mann ohne erkennbare Grundkrankheit. Die Diagnose wurde histopathologisch und computertomographisch gestellt. Die Patienten wurden erfolgreich kombiniert chirurgisch und mit liposomalem Amphotericin B behandelt.
Protective efficacy of vaccines against bovine dermatophytosis after double and single vaccination
Authors: Rybnikář A. , Vrzal V. , Chumela J. 
Published: April 2009

Summary. The protective efficacy of two Czech vaccines against bovine Trichophyton verrucosum infection after double vaccination of calves in prophylactic doses, with an interval of 13 days between vaccination and revaccination, was very good. When these preparations were applied in a double dose only once, less protective effect was produced. The use of 0.5% aluminium hydroxide to dilute the vaccines had no influence on the effect of single vaccination.Zusammenfassung. Die protektive Wirkung zweier tschechischer Vakzinen gegen die bovine Trichophyton verrucosum‐Infektion erwies sich nach zweimaliger Vakzination in prophylaktischen Dosen an Kälbern als sehr gut; zwischen erster und zweiter Vakzination lag ein Intervall von 13 Tagen. Wenn dagegen diese Präparate in doppelter Dosierung nur einmal verabreicht wurden, war die protektive Wirkung geringer. Die Anwendung von 0.5% Aluminiumhydroxid zur Verdünnung der Vakzinen hatte keinen Einfluß auf den Vakzinationserfolg.
Zur Variabilität von Trichophyton verrucosum‐Isolaten aus Impfbeständen mit Rindertrichophytie
Authors: Kielstein P. , Wolf Hanna , Gräser Yvonne , Buzina W. , Blanz P. 
Published: April 2009

Zusammenfassung. 27 Trichophyton verrucosum‐Stämme aus 14 Rinderbeständen in Thüringen und Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern wurden unter Einbeziehung von sechs T. verrucosum‐Referenzstämmen, unter anderem auch die sogenannten album‐, discoides‐ und ochraceum‐Varietäten, kulturmorphologisch und molekularbiologisch (PCR‐Fingerprinting, AFLP‐Analyse sowie Sequenzieung der ITS‐Region der rDNA) geprüft. Trotz großer kulturmorphologischer Variabilität der lsolate und ihrer möglichen Zuordnung zu vier verschiedenen Kolonietypen waren alle geprüften T. verrucosum‐Stämme genotypisch identisch. Auch die zwei mit Gelbpigment wachsenden Feldisolate, die möghcherweise als ochraceum‐Varietät angesehen werden könnten, sowie der ochrceum‐Referenzstamm konnten mittels der drei genannten molekularbiologischen Methoden nicht differenziert werden. Somit ergeben sich weder Hinweise für die eigenständige taxonomische Stellung der drei T. verrucosum‐Varietäten noch konnte die vermutete Infektion mit ochraceum‐Stämmen in Rinderbeständen als Ursache für das Versagen der Impfprophylaxe mit verschiedenen T. verrucosum‐Impfstoffen und für das gehäufte Auftreten sogenannter Impfversager bestätigt werden. Es wird vielmehr vermutet, daß neben der unzureichenden Impfstammpflege vor allem Anwendungsfehler, insbesondere in der lückenlosen, systematischen Immunprophylaxe in der Rinderherde, ursächlich für das gehäufte Auftreten erkrankter Rinder in gegen Trichophytie geimpften Beständen verantwortlich sind.Summary. Twenty‐seven strains of Trichophyton verrucosum from 14 cattle herds in the Federal States of Thuringia and Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern were examined by culture morphological and molecular biological (PCR fingerprinting, AFLP analysis sequencing of ITS region) methods. Six reference strains of the same species, among them the so‐called album andochraceum varieties, were also included. Despite great variability in terms of culture morphology, which suggested their possible classification into 4 different colony types, all T. verrucosum isolates were genotypically almost identical. Even the 2 field isolates growing with yellow pigment, which could possibly be regarded as belonging to the ochraceum variety, could not be differentiated using molecular biological methods. The results do not provide indications of a separate taxonomic position of the 3 T. verrucosum varieties. Furthermore, there is no evidence confirming the suspected infection of cattle herds with ochraceum strains as the cause of the failure of immune prophylaxis using various T. verrucosum vaccines. The frequent occurrence of animals not responding to vaccination could not be explained either. It should be assumed that the main factors responsible for this situation include poor handling of the vaccine strains and errors in application, especially the absence of continuous and systematic immune prophylaxis in the herds.
Successful treatment of female‐pattern hair loss with spironolactone in a 9‐year‐old girl
Authors: Yazdabadi Anosha , Green Jack , Sinclair Rod 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTA 9‐year‐old prepubertal girl with female pattern hair loss treated with spironolactone 100 mg orally per day had objective improvement demonstrated by regrowth observed clinically and on comparison of pre‐ and post‐treatment stereotactic scalp photographs taken 6 months apart.
Delayed diagnosis of Gorlin's syndrome in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Mackenzie Katarzyna A , Maurice Paul DL 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTA 35‐year‐old woman was referred to the dedicated dermatology clinic for RTR. She underwent her first renal transplant at 18 years of age due to chronic renal failure following reflux nephropathy of the single right kidney (left kidney agenesis). She has since then had two further transplants. During clinical examination she was noted to have at least 16 basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and there are records in the case notes of 10 BCC having being excised and confirmed histologically in the past. By contrast, she had only had two squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) excised. She was also noted to have distinctive facial features, a kyphoscoliosis and palmar pits, and a diagnosis of Gorlin's (naevoid BCC) syndrome (GS) was made. Although immunosuppression may have contributed to the multiplicity of her BCC, the contrasting very small number of SCC is unusual in an organ transplant recipient and this alerted the authors to the diagnosis of GS.
Unusual presentation of GLUT‐1 positive infantile haemangioma
Authors: Koh Clare , Sugo Ella , Wargon Orli 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTInfantile haemangiomas are usually not present at birth. This is a case of a female infant with an atypical congenital vascular tumour present at birth which ulcerated in the first few days of life, involuted over several months and showed histopathological features in keeping with either an involuting GLUT‐1 positive infantile haemangioma or a reticular haemangioma of infancy. The initial clinical presentation was atypical for an infantile haemangiomas and for a congenital haemangioma, however the histopathology and immunohistochemistry assisted with confirmation of the diagnosis. Vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) therapy aided in the complete healing of the ulcerated infantile haemangioma which was not achievable with conventional dressings.
Professional portfolios and Australian registered nurses' requirements for licensure: Developing an essential tool
Authors: Mills Jane 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA requirement of many nurses in the process of licensing for practice each year is a declaration of continuing competence to practice. In Australia, each state and territory currently has its own regulatory authority for nurses and midwives, whose main role is to protect public safety. Like many other registering authorities in the Asia‐Pacific region, Australian regulatory authorities undertake the random auditing of nurses and midwives in order to assess their competence to practice. Professional portfolios commonly are considered to be a tool that nurses can use to demonstrate to regulatory authorities, employers, and others how they meet the required competencies. This article examines the different types of portfolios that fall under the umbrella term, professional portfolio, and recommends that nurses explore the strategies that identify evidence of their continuing competence to practice for inclusion in such a document.
Longitudinal study of a health education program for Japanese women in menopause
Authors: Ueda Masumi , Matsuda Masako , Okano Kozue , Suenaga Hiromi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this longitudinal intervention study, a 6 week health education program consisting of lectures and exercises was implemented for 39 Japanese menopausal women. The effects of the program were assessed by measuring their exercise participation, climacteric symptoms, and quality of life immediately before, 6 weeks after, and 1 year after the program. The Simplified Menopausal Index was used to assess the climacteric symptoms and the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐Item Short‐Form Health (SF‐36) Survey was used to assess the quality of life. Significant improvements were observed in the subscale score for general health perception and the summary score for the physical component summary in the SF‐36 Survey. Favorable results also were found for women without a previous exercise habit before the program but who participated in regular exercise 1 year after the program. No improvements were observed in the climacteric symptoms. We concluded that our program was effective for menopausal women in spite of the intervention period being relatively short.
DNAzymes and their therapeutic possibilities
Authors: Chan C. W. S. , Khachigian L. M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOur increasing understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of disease is opening up opportunities for therapeutic intervention. To tackle the unmet disease burden, the last decade has seen the emergence of gene‐targeting small‐molecule nucleic acid‐based strategies, such as antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, ribozymes, small interfering RNA and DNAzymes. DNAzymes represent promising candidates for drug therapy in a wide range of diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disorders. This brief review will discuss recent developments in DNAzymes and their therapeutic potential.
Methotrexate: long‐term safety and efficacy in an Australian consultant rheumatology practice
Authors: Varatharajan N. , Lim I. G. S. , Anandacoomarasamy A. , Russo R. , Byth K. , Spencer D. G. , Manolios N. , Howe G. B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground: The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate and cause of methotrexate (MTX) termination in clinical practice, describe the types of toxicities noted, assess the incidence of achieving remission in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and review the appropriateness of current clinical guidelines for monitoring MTX treatment.Methods: A retrospective, case review of patients seen in a private rheumatology practice attached to a major Sydney Teaching Hospital was undertaken over an 18‐year period. The primary outcome was time to cessation of MTX.Results: Seven hundred and ninety patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. MTX was terminated in 272 patients (34.4%). Toxicity‐related discontinuation occurred in 93 patients (11.8%) and due to non‐adverse reactions in 179 patients. The median duration of therapy in these two groups was 2.0 and 2.9 years, respectively. There was no difference in the average maximum weekly dose of MTX. Of patients with RA, 47.5% were in remission at last follow up. Cox proportional hazards analyses showed that those of the female sex remained on treatment significantly longer than the male sex (hazard ratio (HR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57–0.96; P = 0.014); patients with RA remained on treatment significantly longer than patients with seronegative arthritis (HR 0.56, 95%CI 0.42–0.74; P < 0.001). Being of the male sex aged more than 60 years and having a non‐RA diagnosis predisposed to stopping MTX earlier.Conclusion: MTX is a safe and effective medication. Notable remission rates are achievable in patients with RA with current conventional treatment protocols. MTX has a low toxicity profile and this study stresses the need to re‐evaluate and revise the current monitoring guidelines.
Delayed adverse reactions to total‐dose intravenous iron polymaltose
Authors: Haines M. L. , Gibson P. R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe rate of infusion reactions to total‐dose intravenous iron polymaltose is very low, but the frequency and severity of adverse reactions following the infusion are unknown. In 50 consecutive patients, adverse reactions developed up to 2 days after the infusion in 26% and lasted 1–8 days (median 4). Severe systemic reactions occurred in 8%. Patients should be warned of the chance of delayed reactions and an alternative iron preparation should be considered if parenteral iron is again indicated.
A randomized study of a new landmark‐guided vs traditional para‐carotid approach in internal jugular venous cannulation in infants
Authors: XIAO WENJING , YAN FUXIA , JI HONGWEN , LIU MINGZHENG , LI LIHUAN 
Published: April 2009

SummaryBackground:  Central venous catheterization is more difficult in infants than in adults. Ultrasound‐guided internal jugular venous cannulation may improve the accuracy of localization of the internal jugular vein (IJV), but ultrasound equipment is not universally available. The landmark technique remains essential in daily practice.Methods:  One hundred and forty infants, aged 3–12 months, who were scheduled to undergo surgery for congenital heart disease, were randomly assigned to a new landmark‐guided group or traditional para‐carotid group. In the new landmark‐guided group, at the level of the cricoid cartilage, the carotid artery was marked, and the apex of the triangle formed by the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the clavicle was also marked. The needle was inserted at the midpoint of the two marked points and advanced in the direction of the ipsilateral nipple. Seven cardiac anesthesia fellows participated in this study, and each fellow performed 10 central catheterizations in each group. The times to successful catheterization of the IJV were measured. Attempts at needle punctures for successful catheterization and procedural complications were counted.Results:  The IJV was successfully punctured within three attempts in 74% of infants in the para‐carotid group, compared with 94% in the new landmark‐guided group (P = 0.001). The time to successful catheterization was significantly shorter in the new landmark‐guided group (P < 0.01). The incidence of arterial punctures in the para‐carotid group was 11%, compared with 3% in the new landmark‐guided group (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  Compared with traditional para‐carotid approach, the new landmark‐guided approach for access of the IJV during teaching central catheterization significantly reduced carotid arterial puncture, provided a higher success rate and minimized procedure time in infants aged 3–12 months.
The thermal benefit of prewarming in children
Authors: Cassey J.G. , King R.A.R. , Armstrong P. 
Published: April 2009

Background:  It has been suggested that warming patients before induction of anaesthesia (prewarming) reduces the drop in core temperature (Tcore) normally associated with the induction of anaesthesia [1]. It may also reduce the incidence of surgical wound infection [2, 3]. Neither the ideal ambient temperature (Tambient), nor the duration necessary to achieve these aims, is established for adults or children. Since drops in Tcore can take some time to reverse with intra‐operative heating [4], there may be benefit in starting off at a higher Tcore. We therefore conducted a prospective randomized clinical study to assess the impact of prewarming on Tcore behaviour after induction of anaesthesia in children.Aims:  We aimed to quantify the impact of prewarming vs standard ambient temperature on core temperature behaviour after induction of anaesthesia in children.Methods:  Prospective clinical study with randomization to either 26°C or 21°C ambient temperature. Well children scheduled for elective surgery where presurgical anaesthetic duration exceeded 20 mins. Continuous oesophageal temperature monitoring until operative procedure commenced.Results:  There were 30 children in each group. Those in the prewarmed group had significantly higher initial Tcore, a reduced drop in their Tcore and a longer time to reach the same fall in Tcore.Conclusions:  The demonstrated differences are considered clinically insignificant. When the surgical procedure is short or when convective heating is available and will last for at least 45 mins, there is no clinically important ‘thermal advantage’ in prewarming. This is independent of age, weight, height and body surface area.References1 Sessler DI, McGuire J, Moayeri A, Hynson JM. Isoflurane‐induced vasodilation minimally increases cutaneous heat loss. Anesthesiology 1991; 74: 226–232.2 Melling AC, Baqar A, Scott EM, Leaper DJ. Effects of preoperative warming on the incidence of wound infection after clean surgery: a randomized controlled trial The Lancet 2001; 358(15): 876–880.3 Kurz A, Sessler DI, Lenhardt R. Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical‐wound infection and shorten hospitalization. New Engl J Med 1996; 334: 1209–1215.4 Cassey J, Armstrong P, Smith GE, Farrell PT. The safety and effectiveness of a modified convection heating system for children during anesthesia. Pediatr Anesth 2006; 16: 654–662.
Pain post neurosurgery in the paediatric population: a cohort study (Accepted as a poster)
Authors: Toe J.H. , Palmer G. , Davidson A. 
Published: April 2009

Aims:  This audit was to determine the incidence and severity of post neurosurgical pain, analgesic use and predictors of significant pain following paediatric neurosurgery.Background:  Research in the adult population has evaluated incidence and severity [1–5] of post neurosurgical pain, and effectiveness of different post neurosurgical analgesic regimens. In contrast there are few studies describing the incidence or management of pain after paediatric neurosurgery.Method:  A prospective audit of patients who underwent elective or emergency intra‐cranial procedures at the Royal Children's Hospital was performed from September 2007 to April 2008. Pain scores were obtained from nursing documentation and bi‐daily by the auditor using pain measurement tools. Use of analgesia was also noted. Details of surgical procedure and intra‐operative anaesthesia management were recorded. Multivariate regression was used to identify factors associated with use of parenteral opioids >24 hr or unacceptable pain (pain scores ≥ 3).Results:  Eighty‐eight patients (48 male, 40 female) were included. Low median pain scores over 72 postoperative hours were reported from nursing documentation [0.79 (IQR: 0.3–1.53)] and auditor scores [1.33 (IQR: 0.17–3.08)]. Fifty (56.8%) patients required parenteral opioids, 34.1% as infusion and 22.7% as PCA, and 34.1% used parenteral morphine for >24 hr. A multivariate regression revealed younger age and longer surgical duration as factors associated with postoperative parenteral morphine use > 24 hr (P < 0.05). The only factor associated with pain scores ≥ 3 in a regression analysis of patients of all procedural types was older age (P < 0.05). Conclusion:  This audit reported that the majority of paediatric neurosurgical patients received postoperative parenteral opioids. The majority also experienced relatively little pain. The low pain scores observed indicated effective postoperative pain management.References1 de Gray LC, Mata BF. Acute and chronic pain following craniotomy: a review. Anaesthesia 2005; 60: 693–704.2 Gottschalk A, Barlow LC, Stevens RD, Mir ski M, Thompson RE, White ED, Weingarten JD, Long DM, Yester M. Prospective evaluation of pain and analgesic use following major elective intracranial surgery. Journal of Neurosurgery 2007; 106: 210–216.3 Ire fin SA, Schubert A, Bloomfield EL, DeBeers GE, Mache EJ, Abraham ZY. The effect of craniotomy location on postoperative pain and nausea. Journal of Anesthesia 2003; 17: 227–231.4 Kilmer M, Ruben JF, Amman J, Burner U, Klein J, Verbrugge SJ. Pain in neurosurgically treated patients: a prospective observational study. J Neurosurg 2006; 104: 350–359.5 Quiney N, Cooper R, Stoneham M, Walters F. Pain after craniotomy. A time for reappraisal? British Journal of Neurosurgery 1996; 10: 295–299.
History or ecology? Substrate type as a major driver of patial genetic structure in Alpine plants
Authors: Alvarez Nadir , Thiel‐Egenter Conny , Tribsch Andreas , Holderegger Rolf , Manel Stéphanie , Schönswetter Peter , Taberlet Pierre , Brodbeck Sabine , Gaudeul Myriam , Gielly Ludovic , Küpfer Philippe , Mansion Guilhem , Negrini Riccardo , Paun Ovidiu , Pellecchia Marco , Rioux Delphine , Schüpfer Fanny , Van Loo Marcela , Winkler Manuela , Gugerli Felix ,   IntraBioDiv Consortium
Published: April 2009

AbstractClimatic history and ecology are considered the most important factors moulding the spatial pattern of genetic diversity. With the advent of molecular markers, species’ historical fates have been widely explored. However, it has remained speculative what role ecological factors have played in shaping spatial genetic structures within species. With an unprecedented, dense large‐scale sampling and genome‐screening, we tested how ecological factors have influenced the spatial genetic structures in Alpine plants. Here, we show that species growing on similar substrate types, largely determined by the nature of bedrock, displayed highly congruent spatial genetic structures. As the heterogeneous and disjunctive distribution of bedrock types in the Alps, decisive for refugial survival during the ice ages, is temporally stable, concerted post‐glacial migration routes emerged. Our multispecies study demonstrates the relevance of particular ecological factors in shaping genetic patterns, which should be considered when modelling species projective distributions under climate change scenarios.