bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ovine Lentiviral Infection (Maedi/Visna) in Morocco: A Serologic and Postmortem Survey
Authors: Bouljihad M. , Leipold H. W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn an attempt to estimate the importance of maedi/visna virus infection in Moroccan sheep and to assess the relationship, if any, between seroreactivity and pulmonary lesions, an abattoirbased serologic survey was undertaken over a period of 2 years. A total of 1000 blood samples and related lungs were collected from sheep of different breeds and ages slaughtered at three major municipal abattoirs in Morocco (Casablanca, Kénitra and Rabat). The agar gel immunodiffusion test showed that the seropositivity for all samples was 24.8%.At post‐mortem examination, 107 out of the 248 (43.1%) sheep scored seropositive had gross lesions of maedi; typical microscopic lesions were observed in 125 (50.4%) seropositive sheep, including the 107 with gross lesions. Of the 752 seronegative animals, only 13 (1.7%) sheep had macroscopic maedi‐like lesions. Seventeen (2.2%) of these seronegative cases, including those with gross lesions, had histologic pulmonary changes consistent with maedi. No other maedi/visna‐associated lesions were found during this study; however, coexisting secondary bacterial bronchopneumonia was frequently encountered. The association between serologic and pathologic findings is reported and discussed.RésuméInfection au Lentivirus Ovin (Visna‐maedi) au Maroc: Une Enquête Sérologique completée par Etude Anatomo‐pathologiqueAfin d'apprecier l'importance de l'infection Visna‐maedi du mouton au Maroc et d'étudier d'éventuels rapports existant entre les résultats sérologiques et les lésions pulmonaires, une enquête séro‐pathologique basée sur des visites aux abattoirs a été menée durant une période de deux ans. Les prélèvements de sang déstinés au sondage sérologiques ainsi que les poumons respectifs ont été effectués sur 1000 ovins, d'âge et de race différents, abattus au niveau de trois principaux abattoirs municipaux du Maroc (Casablanca, Kénitra, Rabat). La méthode sérologique d'immunodiffusion sur gélose (I.D.G) a révélé un pourcentage de positivité de 24,8% sur l'ensemble des échantillons testés. Quant à l'étude anatomo‐pathologique, elle a montré que 107 sur 248 (43, 1 %) animaux réagissants présentaient des lésions macroscopiques alors que 125 cas (50, 4 %) positifs, parmi lesquels figuraient les 107 ayant les lésions macroscopiques, avaient des lésions microscopiques typiques du maedi. Sur les 752 animaux séronegatifs, 13 (1, 7%) ovins seulement présentaient des lésions macroscopiques comparables à celles du maedi. Histologiquement, 17 cas séronégatifs, y compris ceux avec des lésions macroscopiques, avaient des lésions caractéristiques du maedi. Aucune autre lésion associée au complexe Visna‐maedi n'a été décelée, parcontre, des lésions de bronchopneumonie dûes à des surinfections bactériennes ont été communément rencontrées. Il convient donc de retenir une corrélation supposant une relation étiologique entre les constatations sérologiques et anatomo‐pathologiques.
Computer Based Instruction is Effective to Teach Dairy Reproductive Management
Authors: Heuwieser W. , Oltenacu P. A. , Mansfeld R. , Johnson P. J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis paper describes a classroom experiment in a German College of Veterinary Medicine (Tieraerztliche Hochschule Hannover) using an instructional software package designed to increase dairy reproductive problem‐solving skills. A pre‐test/post‐test experimental design demonstrated that learning occurred in an enjoyable environment when 21 4th year veterinary students used the program. Students' perception in respect to content, design, and usability criteria of the program were excellent to good.
Growth Performance, Haematogical Traits, Meat Variables, and Effects of Treadmill and Transport Stress in Veal Calves Supplied Different Amounts of Iron*
Authors: Lindt F. , Blum J. W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEffects on serum iron (Fe), haematological variables and on blood lactate levels before and after treadmill exercise or transport to the slaughterhouse, on meat traits, and on growth performance of feeding milk replacer (MR), planned to contain 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 80 mg Fe/kg, were studied in veal calves. If supplied less than 50 mg Fe/kg MR, calves developed hypoferraemia and anaemia, the degree of which was dependent on Fe intake. Serum Fe concentration, saturation of transferrin with Fe and the degree of anaemia in calves fed 20 or 10 mg Fe/kg MR were nearly identical. Serum Fe concentration and haematological traits barely changed in calves fed 50 mg Fe/kg MR during the growth trial, but serum Fe concentration increased when MR contained 80 mg Fe/kg in calves fed 50 or more Fe/kg MR. Growth performance was smaller in calves fed 10 mg Fe/kg MR than in those fed greater amounts of Fe/kg MR. Carcass taxation was inversely related to Fe intake. In conclusion, MR containing only 10 mg Fe/kg caused marked anaemia and reduced growth performance. Feeding MR with only 20 mg Fe/kg is not necessarily sufficient to prevent development of severe anaemia. Feeding MR with 50 mg Fe/kg would seem to be physiologically the most appropriate amount of Fe for veal calves, but was too high for acceptable carcass taxation.
Iron Status, Erythropoiesis, Meat Colour, Health Status and Growth Performance of Veal Calves Held on and Fed Straw
Authors: Moser M. , Bruckmaier R. M. , Blum J. W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo experiments were designed to study the iron (Fe) status in veal calves (62 intact males) fed and held on straw. In experiment 1, two groups were fed 20 mg Fe/kg milk replacer (MR) and held unattached on rye or barley straw litter. In experiment 2, groups were fed 20 mg Fe/kg MR and held unattached on rye straw litter or on sawdust or attached on wooden slatted floors without straw litter or were fed 50 mg Fe/kg MR and held unattached on sawdust. Fe concentrations in tested straw sorts (rye, barley, wheat, triticale) were similar and ranged from 15 to 85 mg Fe/kg dry matter. Growth performance and health status were not significantly influenced by Fe intake through MR or straw. Straw intake in the group fed straw was greater (P < 0.01) at the end than at the start of the growth period, but intake of different straw sorts was similar. Calves fed 20, but not those fed 50 mg Fe/kg MR, developed marked hypoferraemia, but only moderate anaemia. Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was significantly (P < 0.05) and transferrin (Tf) concentration was numerically higher in calves fed 20 than in those fed 50 mg Fe/kg MR on slaughter day. TIBC and Tf were positively correlated (r = 0.63). Haemin concentration and lightness of m. rectus abdominis were significantly (P < 0.01), whereas myoglobin concentration was numerically greater in calves fed 50 than in those fed 20 mg Fe/kg MR. In conclusion, haematological and blood chemical parameters and meat colour were influenced only by high Fe intake through MR, but not if calves were held on straw litter or were fed straw.
Evaluation of Halothane as an Anaesthetic in Camels
Authors: Singh R. , Peshin P. K. , Patil D. B. , Sharda R. , Singh J. , Singh A. P. , Sharifi D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHalothane as an anaesthetic was evaluated in 12 adult camels, thiopentone being used as an induction agent. In six camels, clinical signs and haematological and blood biochemical changes were investigated while in other six haemodynamic, acid base and blood gas changes were monitored. The dose of thiopentone required to ensure intubation for halothane anaesthesia was 7.25 ± 0.33 mg/kg. A modified technique of tracheal intubation was found to be safe and quick. During halothane administration all anaesthetic effects were predictable. Complete recovery occurred in 39.5 ± 9.8 min after discontinuation of halothane administration. Halothane moderated the thiopentone‐induced tachycardia. The mean arterial pressure decreased significantly. There was an increase in the arterial carbon dioxide and venous oxygen tension during halothane anaesthesia and development of hypoxaemia after its discontinuation. The alanine aminotransferase values increased during recovery, while plasma sodium, potassium and calcium decreased. Halothane appears to be safe for camels. However, to avoid hypoxaemia in the immediate post‐anaesthetic period, oxygen administration should be continued.
Radiological Aspects on the Course of Development of Porcine Epiphyseal Osteochondrosis (OCD) From 42 up to 147 Days of Age
Authors: Bittegeko S. B. P. , Arnbjerg J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe articular‐epiphyseal (A‐E) cartilage complex of the distal humeral and femoral epiphyseal condyles of eight intact pigs (4♂ & 4♀) of the same age were radiologically examined every 3 weeks, beginning at 42 days up to 147 days of age; to determine the age of onset, the course and trend of development of osteochondrosis (OCD). The earliest Dyschondroplasia (Osteochondrotic) lesions were demonstrated radiologically in the A‐E complexes of the humeral condyles of 42‐day‐old pigs and in the femoral condyles at 63 days of age. Thus the radiographic examination of live animals to demonstrate subcondral radiolucency typical for OCD lesions in the condylar A‐E complexes of pigs is not of limited value until the animals were >100 days old as indicated in earlier reports. Also the course of further development of OCD lesions associated with A‐E complexes was followed. The radiolucency was seen to develop to a certain extent, and then either to regress, and stabilize or even to progress as the animal grows. Some lesions regressed completely. Also some of the regressed lesions may become active again and become progressive. However, the course of development of femoral condyle A‐E complexes OCD lesions was seen to be progressive continuously, or progressive then stable and then progressive again. The regressive course and trend of osteochondrotic lesions was not observed in the femoral condyle A‐E complexes up to day 147 of age. Therefore, the course and trend of development of the A‐E complexes OCD is not constantly the same.
The Sequelae of Distal Ulna Physeal Dyschondroplasia (Osteochondrosis) Lesions in Breeding Swine—A Radiological Investigation in Danish Landrace Pigs
Authors: Bittegeko S. B. P. , Arnbjerg J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA radiological follow‐up study of osteochondrotic lesions in the distal ulna was carried out in 58 Danish Landrace breeding sows for a period of 15 months (October 1992 to December 1993). This was part of a major project involving the radiological investigation of articularepiphyseal and physeal development to investigate osteochondrotic lesions in pigs. The radiological lesions were graded from 1 to 5 with increasing severity. It was observed that not all pigs passed through all grades. Only 21% of the pigs had no radiological osteochondrotic lesions (grade 1) during the first radiography series. After 5–7 months, the number of pigs without osteochondrotic radiological lesions were observed to have increased dramatically (21–69%), but the converse was true for grades 2 (mild), 3 (moderate), 4 (severe) and 5 (very severe): (33–17%), (21–9%), (19–5%) and (7–0%) respectively. This was observed with increasing age and weight.The 3rd radiography series indicated that the percentage of pigs without osteochondrotic lesions increased up to 82%, and that grades 2, 3, and 4 had fallen to 14%, 2% and 2% respectively, while grade five remained at 0%. This indicated that the distal ulna osteochondrotic lesions can be important in breeding pigs during the period of growth before first pregnancy. During the first pregnancy the osteochondral ossification fault can be corrected, and the lesions heal. The ulna growth plates were not closed at the second, but mostly closing during the third radiography series.
A study on the Efficacy of a Phospholipid Solution in Dogs with Aspirin‐Induced Thrombocytopathy
Authors: Nolte I. , Heyde P. , Mischke R. , Müller‐Berghaus G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to test the haemostyptic properties of a phospholipid complex with platelet factor‐3 (PF‐3) activity in platelet‐dependent haemostatic disorders. The substance was investigated in an animal model comprising six investigational groups (five dogs each). A thrombocytopathy was created in the dogs belonging to groups 1–5 by intravenous administration of 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Two hours later a human albumin solution (5%) (control group) or a phospholipid complex with PF‐3 activity was injected or infused intravenously in different dosages. In dogs pre‐treated with ASA, injection of 2 ml/kg BW of the phospholipid complex shortened capillary bleeding time, which was prolonged as a consequence of ASA‐treatment. This effect lasted for 4 h at least.The capability of the platelets to aggregate increased 5 min after intravenous injection of the phospholipid without differences in the respective groups. At the same time platelet counts dropped to approximately 50%, but increased again distinctly after 30 min. When the phospholipid complex was administered to clinically healthy dogs who had not been treated with ASA, this resulted in prolongation of the capillary bleeding time as well as a significant platelet drop in the peripheral blood. Although these were only short‐term effects after administration of the phospholipid complex, a disadvantageous effect cannot be excluded in patients suffering from haemorrhagic diathesis. For this reason, a phospholipid complex with PF‐3 activity cannot be recommended as a therapeutic agent for platelet‐dependent coagulation disorders in the dog.
Polioencephalomalacia Induced with Amprolium in Buffalo Calves—Clinicopathologic Findings
Authors: Tanwar R. K. , Malik K. S. , Gahlot A. K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPolioencephalomalacia was induced in eight buffalo calves, 6–12 months old, by drenching amprolium (300 mg/kg body weight per day) for 29–55 days. Four buffalo calves of the same age group were drenched with tap water only and served as control. Blood samples were collected at different intervals during amprolium administration until the onset of clinical signs. Cerebrospinal fluid was also collected prior to amprolium administration and at the onset of clinical signs.A significant progressive decrease in erythrocyte transketolase (TK) activity and an increase in the percent of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) effect were observed in amprolium‐fed calves during amprolium administration until the onset of clinical signs. There was a significant increase in blood lactate and blood pyruvate concentrations and a significant decrease in lactate/pyruvate ratio at the onset of clinical signs. Serum electrolyte (Na, Ca, P, Mg) concentrations showed no significant changes. However, the serum potassium concentration had decreased significantly at the onset of signs.The cerebrospinal fluid analyses revealed a significant increase in lactate and pyruvate concentrations and lactate/pyruvate ratio in amprolium fed calves. The electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, P and Mg) of cerebrospinal fluid did not show any change.It is concluded that oral administration of amprolium (300 mg/kg body weight daily) for 4–6 weeks produces biochemical changes characteristic of polioencephalomalacia in buffalo calves.
The Development Changes and Correlations of Some Blood Hormone Levels and Immune Indexes during the Postnatal Period in Neonatal Calves
Authors: Mao X.‐Z. , Li S.‐Z. , Zhu Z.‐K. , Qin W.‐L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe developmental changes and correlations of some hormone levels and immune parameters in six spontaneously delivered Holstein calves with a birth weight of 40–50 kg were studied for a postnatal period of 1–15 days after birth. The mean levels of insulin (I), glucagon (Gc), cortisol (C) and growth hormone (GH) before feeding on day 1 were 9.68 ± 3.27 μu/ml, 685.39 ± 95.42 pg/ml, 14.27 ± 5.58 μg/dl and 0.85 ± 0.10 ng/ml respectively. I and GH increased on day 2 and then decreased to a steady level. Gc and C fell fluctuently within week 1 and remained at a stable level after then. WBC, neutrophil percentage, B‐lymphocyte percentage, albumin percentage decreased with day of age in 1st week and lymphocyte percentage, T‐lymphocyte percentage, T‐G (total globulin) percentage and γ‐G percentage increased with day of age in 1st week and then reached a steady level. The correlations between some hormone levels and immune parameters indicated that C and Gc have significantly negative correlations with γ‐G (%), T‐G (%) and T‐lymphocyte (%) respectively. WBC is positively correlated to C and Gc significantly. The correlations of I and GH with some immune parameters have no significance.
Blood Serum Transferrin Concentration in Cattle in Various Physiological States, in Veal Calves Fed Different Amounts of Iron, and in Cattle Affected by Infectious and Non‐Infectious Diseases
Authors: Moser M. , Pfister H. , Bruckmaier R. M. , Rehage J. , Blum J. W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTransferrin (Tf) concentrations were determined in cattle in various physiological states, in energy‐deficient (ketotic) cows, in situations of several acute and chronic infections, after endotoxin administration and in animals with bovine leucocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD). Tf concentrations varied between 1.5 and 8.5 g/l and in healthy animals were in the range of 2.0 and 6.6 g/l. Tf concentrations in adult animals were smaller than in young animals and increased in veal calves with iron deficiency above 8 g/l, resulting in a negative correlation between Hb and Tf. In veal calves total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and Tf concentration were rather closely correlated (r = 0.63). Chronic infectious diseases (such as paratuberculosis) were characterized by relatively low Tf levels (below 2 g/l), while during acute infections, after endotoxin‐administration and during ketosis Tf concentrations were not changed.
Changes in Osmotic Fragility of Nucleated Erythrocytes Resulting From Blood Storage
Authors: Oyewale J. O. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe storage of blood for 24 h at 10°C caused significant changes in osmotic fragility of nucleated erythrocytes of pigeons, peafowls, domestic fowls, lizards and toads. Significant decreases in fragility were seen with pigeon and peafowl erythrocytes. However, the osmotic fragility of domestic fowl, lizard and toad erythrocytes increased significantly.
Serum Fructosamine as a Screening Test for Diabetes Mellitus in Non‐Healthy Middle‐Aged to Older Dogs
Authors: Jensen A. L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDiabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder among non‐healthy middle‐aged to older dogs. Previous studies have shown that serum fructosamine can be used to detect the chronic unregulated hyperglycaemia in Diabetes mellitus. The present study was therefore conducted to assess the value of serum fructosamine as a screening test for Diabetes mellitus among non‐healthy middle‐aged to older dogs in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values.A total of 99 non‐healthy dogs (16 dogs with Diabetes mellitus and 83 dogs with other diseases) with an age ranging from 6 to 15 years were included in the study. Using the upper reference limit for serum fructosamine (343.8 μmol/I), sensitivity and specificity were 0.88 and 0.99, respectively and assuming the prevalence of Diabetes mellitus to be 0.05, the positive and negative predictive values were 0.82 and 0.99, respectively. Apparently, serum fructosamine could also be used to distinguish hyperglycaemia non‐diabetic dogs from hyperglycaemic diabetic dogs. Thus, the present study showed that serum fructosamine is a reliable screening test for Diabetes mellitus among non‐healthy middle‐aged to older dogs.
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of a Minor Salivary Gland in a Cat
Authors: Burek K. A. , Munn R. J. , Madewell B. R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNeoplasms derived from salivary glands are uncommon in domestic animals and descriptions of neoplasms derived from minor salivary glands are quite rare. A primary neoplasm derived from a minor salivary gland is described in a 13‐year‐old domestic shorthair cat. The oral neoplasm was locally invasive, and had metastasized to the regional lymph nodes and hilus of the lungs.
Fremdstoffmetabolisierung beim Pferd mit Hinweisen auf andere Tierarten
Authors: Schmid A. , Schmid H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryXenobiotic Metabolism in the Horse with Reference to Other SpeciesIn this paper, the metabolism of xenobiotics in the horse, including differences to other species, is discussed. The most important metabolic reactions of phase I (oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis of substrates), as well as of phase II (conjugation of substrates with glucuronic acid, sulphuric acid, acetic acid, alkyl groups, amino acids, amino acid derivatives, glutathione etc.), are discussed and enzymes involved in the metabolic reactions are considered.ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wird über die Fremdstoffmetabolisierung des Pferdes einschließlich bekannt gewordener Unterschiede zu anderen Tierarten referiert. Dabei werden die wichtigsten Metabolisierungsreaktionen der Phase I (Substratoxidation, ‐reduktion und ‐hydrolyse) und der Phase II (Substratkonjugation mit Glucuronsäure, Schwefelsäure, Essigsäure, Alkylresten, Aminosäuren, Aminosäurederivaten, Glutathion usw.) sowie die am Fremdstoffwechsel beteiligten Enzyme berücksichtigt.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Plasma Volume of Dogs Suffering from Heart Failure or Dehydration
Authors: Vollmar A. M. , Montag C. , Preusser U. , Kraft W. , Schulz R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryStudies in humans and experimental animal models suggest that volume overload increases and volume underload decreases release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a hormone intimately linked to water and electrolyte homeostasis. This relationship was examined in dogs suffering from heart failure or dehydration and the data presented here are in support of this general concept. Plasma ANP concentration in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) was elevated with the severity of the disease (NYHA classification, class II: 21.4 ± 9.2 fmol ANP/ml; class III: 65.5 ± 72.6; class IV: 119.7 ± 87.1; healthy dogs: 13.9 ± 7.5). The increment in plasma ANP concentration in cardiac patients was also positively correlated with the plasma volume. The blood volume of dogs with moderate and severe CHF was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated and a normotonic blood pressure prevailed. In contrast, dehydrated dogs tend to display reduced ANP plasma concentration (7.7 ± 5.6 fmol/ml) as well as significantly lower plasma volume and reduced blood pressure (P < 0.05). In dogs with severe CHF, ANP precursor material is present in the blood, which is normally undetectable. These data further support the concept of a regulatory function of ANP in volume homeostasis of dogs.