bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CREATING AND SUSTAINING A SUPPLY NETWORK TO DELIVER ROUTINE AND COMPLEX ONE-OFF AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
Authors: BRADY TIM 
Published: October 2011

Over the years, we have seen a growing interest in the use of interorganizational networks as a means to develop and deliver ever more complex products and services. Much of the earlier research was carried out on supply networks — mostly focused on strong lead-manufacturing firms producing mass-produced consumer goods. More recently, attention has been paid to a new model of industrial organization based on systems integration being adopted by many of the world's leading firms, particularly those in high-technology sectors [Hobday et al. (2005)]. The key role of systems integrator is usually played by a prime contractor or a dominant manufacturer.However, there are sectors where structural problems inhibit both the innovation and the development of supply networks and where it is not obvious who should play the systems integrator role. The UK construction sector has long been characterized as fragmented with much of the industry continuing to be structured and constrained by the contracting model that emerged in the early 19th century with the emergence of the professions. These structural problems are often held to contribute to the perceived poor record of innovation in the sector [Winch (1998); Gann et al. (1992)].This paper analyzes how BAA, a major airport operator and construction client, developed and managed a network of suppliers to deliver both its portfolio of routine capital construction projects and one-off complex mega projects. To achieve its objectives, BAA sets about implementing ways of improving the efficiency of its ongoing capital projects that would enable them to show continuous improvement in performance whilst simultaneously developing the project capabilities required to manage the massive T5 project. These developments enabled BAA to address issues of predictability at the same time as providing an environment that encouraged innovation.
The Unified State and the Unified Mind: Social and Moral Utopia in Zamiatin's We and Plato's Republic
Authors: Stefani Sara 
Published: October 2011

AbstractScholars have often attempted to determine the objects of Zamiatin's satire in his dystopian novel We as well as the model on which he based the structure of his Edinoe Gosudarstvo. This article argues that in order to find the model that Zamiatin used, we should look to the exemplar of utopia itself, Plato's Republic. Plato's vision of the ideal social structure is meant to serve as an allegory for the ideal individual as well as an allegory for morality. Both the collective body and the individual mind are supremely moral, in Plato's view, when all irrational parts are subjugated to reason and rationality and marked by total unity. This article traces debates about Plato's Republic by Russian thinkers in the period just before and immediately after the Revolution, i.e., prior to the period when Zamiatin wrote We, in order to argue for the relevance of Plato in Russian society of the time. In many of these writings, Plato is identified as an ancient source of the ideals of socialism and communism. The close textual parallels between Republic and We are examined, from the broadest level of social organization to the appropriation of Plato's famous images of the Sun, the Line, and the Cave. In his novel, Zamiatin seems to question not only Plato's political vision, but his conceptions of truth, justice, and morality.
Conceptualising Movements against Large Dams
Authors: Bisht Medha 
Published: October 2011

The Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) is a protracted struggle of more than three decades against large dams. While the movement has been a witness to various highs and lows, some key lessons nevertheless can be deducted by analysing its overall successes and failures. Arguments presented in this article are based on the assumption that ‘domestic mobilisation is one of the main strategies in shaping political will amongst state actors’. It argues that while transnational advocacy can help build consensus or appreciation towards critical developmental issues at the international level, domestic mobilisation or consensus amongst key stakeholders is perhaps the pre-requisite for influencing state response. The article is divided into three broad sections. The first section focuses on the history of the NBA. The genesis, nature and the role played by the movement in broadening the debate on dams with respect to development is studied. The second section deals with the internationalisation of the issue of large dams, when the NBA came to be known as a strong opponent of large dams. Based on the insights of the struggle in the third section some pointers are offered for social movements towards effectively shaping state behaviour on social and development issues.
Unidirectional Transport of Small Ions by Melamine Foam Ratchets
Authors: Yonekura Nobuaki , Shiroma Ryo 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
We report the unidirectional transport of ionic dyes by new soft matter ratchets, which are made of melamine foam with non-centrosymmetric triangular shapes and driven by an AC electric field. The time evolution of the distributions of the ions in the ratchet has been analyzed to reveal that the ratchets can transport the ions preferentially in one direction with an asymmetric transport ratio of more than 7.
The prevalence of cam-type femoroacetabular deformity in asymptomatic adults
Authors: Jung K. A. , Restrepo C. , Hellman M. , AbdelSalam H. , Morrison W. , Parvizi J. 
Published: October 2011

We performed a retrospective examination of the anteroposterior pelvic CT scout views of 419 randomly selected patients between April 2004 and August 2009 in order to determine the prevalence of cam-type femoroacetabular deformity in the asymptomatic population. The CT scans had all been undertaken for conditions unrelated to disorders of the hip. The frequency of cam-type femoroacetabular deformity was assessed by measuring the α-angle of each hip on the anteroposterior images. The α-angles were classified according to the Copenhagen Osteoarthritis Study. Among 215 male hips (108 patients) the mean α-angle was 59.12° (37.75° to 103.50°). Of these, a total of 30 hips (13.95%) were defined as pathological, 32 (14.88%) as borderline and 153 (71.16%) as normal. Among 540 female hips (272 patients) the mean α-angle was 45.47° (34.75° to 87.00°), with 30 hips (5.56%) defined as pathological, 33 (6.11%) as borderline and 477 (88.33%) as normal. It appears that the cam-type femoroacetabular deformity is not rare among the asymptomatic population. These anatomical abnormalities, as determined by an increased α-angle, appear to be twice as frequent in men as in women. Although an association between osteoarthritis and femoroacetabular impingement is believed to exist, a long-term epidemiological study is needed to determine the natural history of these anatomical abnormalities.
Allograft-prosthesis composite reconstruction for the management of failed elbow replacement with massive structural bone loss
Authors: Amirfeyz R. , Stanley D. 
Published: October 2011

We studied, ten patients (11 elbows) who had undergone 14 allograft-prosthesis composite reconstructions following failure of a previous total elbow replacement with massive structural bone loss. There were nine women and one man with a mean age of 64 years (40 to 84), who were reviewed at a mean of 75 months (24 to 213). One patient developed a deep infection after 26 months and had the allograft-prosthesis composite removed, and two patients had mild pain. The median flexion-extension arc was 100° (95% confidence interval (CI) 76° to 124°). With the exception of the patient who had the infected failure, all the patients could use their elbows comfortably without splints or braces for activities of daily living. The mean Mayo Elbow Performance Index improved from 9.5 (95% CI 4.4 to 14.7) pre-operatively to 74 (95% CI 62.4 to 84.9) at final review.Radiologically, the rate of partial resorption was similar in the humeral and ulnar allografts (three of six and four of eight, respectively; p > 0.999). The patterns of resorption, however, were different. Union at the host-bone-allograft junction was also different between the humeral and ulnar allografts (one of six and seven of eight showing union, respectively; p = 0.03).At medium-term follow-up, allograft-prosthesis composite reconstruction appears to be a useful salvage technique for failed elbow replacements with massive bone loss. The effects of allograft resorption and host-bone-allograft junctional union on the longevity of allograft-prosthesis composite reconstruction, however, remain unknown, and it is our view that these patients should remain under long-term regular review.
The burden of arthroscopy of the knee
Authors: Jameson S. S. , Dowen D. , James P. , Serrano-Pedraza I. , Reed M. R. , Deehan D. J. 
Published: October 2011

Arthroscopy of the knee is one of the most commonly performed orthopaedic procedures worldwide. Large-volume outcome data have not previously been available for English NHS patients. Prospectively collected admissions data, routinely collected on every English NHS patient, were analysed to determine the rates of complications within 30 days (including re-operation and re-admission), 90-day symptomatic venous thromboembolism and all-cause mortality. There were 301 701 operations performed between 2005 and 2010 – an annual incidence of 9.9 per 10 000 English population. Of these, 16 552 (6%) underwent ligament reconstruction and 106 793 (35%) underwent meniscal surgery. The 30-day re-admission rate was 0.64% (1662) and 30-day wound complication rate was 0.26% (677). The overall 30-day re-operation rate was 0.40% (1033) and the 90-day pulmonary embolism rate was 0.08% (230), of which six patients died. 90-day mortality was 0.02% (47). Age < 40 years, male gender and ligament reconstruction were significantly associated with an increased rate of 30-day re-admission and unplanned re-operation. In addition, a significant increase in 30-day admission rates were seen with Charlson comorbidity scores of 1 (p = 0.037) and ≥ 2 (p < 0.001) compared with scores of 0, and medium volume units compared with high volume units (p < 0.001). Complications following arthroscopy of the knee are rare. It is a safe procedure, which in the majority of cases is performed as day case surgery. These data can be used for quality benchmarking, in terms of consent, consultant re-validation and individual unit performance.
Self-Reported Oral Health Status of Adults Resident in Medway, Kent in 2009
Authors: Pau Allan , Allen Christopher D 
Published: October 2011

Aim In order to assess the oral health status, oral behaviours and use of oral healthcare services of the adult population of Medway (Kent) in 2009, NHS Medway commissioned an assessment. Its aims were to understand oral health and impacts, behaviours and the use of dental services in order to inform future development of dental services. Methods A self-reported postal questionnaire survey using relevant questions from the 1998 national Adult Dental Health Survey (ADHS) was performed. A stratified sample was drawn from all those aged 16 years and over, living in Medway and registered with a general medical practice. Stratification was into the three areas within Medway (Chatham, Gillingham and Rainham, and Rochester and Strood). Where appropriate, respondents answered the questions using a five-point Likert scale. The resulting data were analysed by area of domicile, age, gender, and deprivation. Results Eight thousand questionnaires were sent out, of which 3101 (39%) were returned. Because of this low response and the need to weight responses to represent the distribution of the Medway population, this investigation must be considered as a service evaluation rather than a research project. Of respondents, 4% were edentate, 16% had 1–20 teeth, and 80% had 21 or more teeth. Fifty-one per cent of respondents reported at least one oral health impact; most commonly this was physical pain and psychological discomfort; least commonly, social disability and handicap. Sixteen per cent reported that their last dental visit was over 24 months ago and 31% reported that they attended only when in trouble or never (most commonly, because of anxiety and cost). There were marked variations in oral health status and use of dental services between those living in the most and least deprived areas. Conclusions • Medway adults were more likely than the 2009 national ADHS respondents to be dentate but less likely to have 21 or more teeth. • Oral health impacts have been substantial, especially the experience of physical pain. • Proportionately more people than the 2009 national ADHS respondents reported attending a dentist in the previous 24 months. The most common reasons for non-attendance were anxiety and cost. • These findings have implications for the future development of the Medway oral health strategy and for all those working in primary care dentistry.
A Preliminary Investigation into the Effect of the Use of the Short Message Service (SMS) on Patient Attendance at an NHS Dental Access Centre in Scotland
Authors: Perry John GW 
Published: October 2011

Aim This study's aim was to assess whether the use of Short Message Service (SMS) text reminders sent to patients prior to their dental appointments improved attendance rates for two dentists at a dental access centre in Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland. Method Automated SMS text reminders were set up through practice management software at Kirkcaldy Dental Access Centre. Two audits, using a research methodology, were then performed. Failure to attend appointments with the two dentists at 150 consecutive appointments was assessed before and after implementing the SMS text reminders. The null hypothesis that SMS reminders do not improve attendance rates at the dental access centre was tested. The Yates’ corrected chi-square test was applied to the resulting data, with the level for statistical significance set at P<0.05. Results Patients readily accepted the text messages and found them to be non-intrusive. Failed attendance at appointments for the two dentists was reduced from 46/150 (31%) before the SMS text reminders were introduced to 21/150 (14%) after its introduction ( P=0.00088). Thus the use of SMS text reminders resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the number of failed attendances at appointments for the two dentists. Conclusions In this preliminary study, SMS appointment reminders reduced the number of failed appointments significantly. They can provide an automated, non-intrusive, and cost-effective method of improving patient attendance at dental appointments.
Uncertainty in Fire Protection Engineering Design
Authors: Hurley Morgan J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The SFPE Engineering Guide to Performance-Based Fire Protection defines “uncertainty” as “the amount by which an observed or calculated value might differ from the true value.” In engineering, there are two types of uncertainly: epistemic and aleatory. Epistemic uncertainty is uncertainty due to lack of (complete) knowledge. Aleatory uncertainty is uncertainty due to random variation. At present, no single, widely accepted methodology exists for dealing with uncertainty in fire protection engineering. This paper reviews the sources of uncertainty that are present in fire protection engineering and methods that are used to address them.
Fluoxetine Inhibits Inflammatory Response and Bone Loss in a Rat Model of Ligature‐Induced Periodontitis
Authors: Branco‐de‐Almeida Luciana S. , Franco Gilson C. , Castro Myrella L. , dos Santos Juliana G. , Anbinder Ana Lia , Cortelli Sheila C. , Kajiya Mikihito , Kawai Toshihisa , Rosalen Pedro L. 
Published: October 2011

Background: Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been found recently to possess anti‐inflammatory properties. The present study investigates the effects of fluoxetine on inflammatory tissue destruction in a rat model of ligature‐induced periodontal disease.Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 10 animals per group): 1) control rats (without ligature); 2) rats with ligature + placebo (saline; oral gavage); and 3) rats with ligature + fluoxetine (20 mg/kg/day in saline; oral gavage). Histologic analyses were performed on the furcation region and mesial aspect of mandibular first molars of rats sacrificed at 15 days after ligature‐induced periodontal disease. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and zymography were performed to analyze the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)‐1β, cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 and inducible nitric oxide synthase and the MMP‐9 activity, respectively, in gingival tissues samples.Results: Compared to the ligature + placebo group, alveolar bone loss was reduced in the fluoxetine group (P <0.05), and the amount of collagen fibers in the gingival tissue was maintained. Moreover, in gingival tissue sampled 3 days after ligature attachment, fluoxetine administration reduced IL‐1β and COX‐2 mRNA expression. Fluoxetine downregulated MMP‐9 activity, without affecting MMP‐9 mRNA expression induced by ligature, compared to the ligature + placebo group (P <0.05). These data suggest that fluoxetine suppressed proinflammatory responses, as well as proteolytic enzyme activity, induced by ligature.Conclusion: In the present study, fluoxetine suppresses the inflammatory response and protects against periodontal bone resorption and destruction of collagen fibers, suggesting that fluoxetine can constitute a promising therapeutic approach for periodontal diseases.
Les médiations discursives du sensible
Authors: Bertrand Denis 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Sur l’horizon du débat qui traverse la sémiotique contemporaine – opposant une expression sensible somatique du sens à une médiation discursive de cette expression – l’article tente d’articuler les deux paradigmes en montrant leur étroite imbrication dans le discours en acte. Deux exemples sont proposés à l’appui de cette thèse, associant, autour d’un même phénomène, un extrait de Du côté de Guermantes de Proust, et des fragments de récits d’enfance de personnalités politiques contemporaines. Ce phénomène est celui de la suspension momentanée d’un rôle thématique, définissant le statut social des énonciateurs, au profit d’une parole sensible apparemment disjointe de ce rôle. L’analyse montre, non seulement que les deux formes de discours interagissent en profondeur, mais qu’un événement particulier de langage, un « connecteur sensible », assurant la médiation entre l’une et l’autre, libère l’expression somatique. Outre le problème théorique posé, l’étude cherche à montrer comment, à partir d’un cas concret, la sémiotique permet d’établir des liens entre la littérature et les discours sociaux.
Sur les concepts de narrateur et de narratologie non communicationnelle
Authors: Rabatel Alain 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Cet article revient sur les limites des approches non communicationnelles de la narration à la lumière d’une approche énonciative de la narration. S’il est un fait que le narrateur en il n’a pas le même mode de manifestation discursif qu’un narrateur en je , cela ne plaide pas en faveur de l’inconsistance de la notion de narrateur ni n’autorise à conclure, à partir de sa prétendue absence, à l’existence d’une narratologie non communicationnelle. Dans un deuxième volet, l’article plaide pour une redéfinition de l’approche communicationnelle de la narration et montre que les textes de fiction littéraires présentent des caractéristiques qu’ils partagent avec nombre de textes ordinaires, notamment des stratégies d’effacement énonciatif dont l’interprétation requiert un processus dialogique et dialogal qui ne remet pas en cause le cadre communicationnel, même s’il ne s’agit plus de communication adressée. Enfin, l’article conclut sur les limites de l’opposition « communicationnel » vs « non communicationnel », trop étriquée pour rendre compte de la complexité des phénomènes langagiers.
Spearmint (l-Carvone) Oil and Wintergreen (Methyl Salicylate) Oil Emulsion Is an Effective Immersion Anesthetic of Fishes
Authors: Danner G. Russell , Muto Katherine W. , Zieba Anna M. , Stillman Chelsea M. , Seggio Joseph A. , Ahmad S. Tariq 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of a spearmint (/-carvone) and wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate) emulsion (CMSE) on age 1 landlocked Atlantic salmon Salmo salar sebago (hereafter salmon). Salmon were immersed in either 257 µl/L CMSE or 75 mg/L tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) to induce anesthesia (stage 4), useful for emersion and noninvasive husbandry procedures, and then salmon were recovered in fresh water. Induction was quicker in the CMSE group; however, recovery was quicker in the MS-222 group. A second experiment was conducted in which salmon were immersed in 257 µl/L CMSE for 8.5 min, or 75 mg/L MS-222 for 8.5 min in order to compare electrocardiographs during deeper anesthesia (stage 5) between salmon continuously immersed in CMSE to those continuously immersed in MS-222. Because salmon remained sedated longer after CMSE exposure than after MS-222 exposure, a third group of salmon was immersed in 257 µl/L CMSE for just 2.5 min before undergoing the 6-min electrocardiograph procedure. Anesthesia induction rates, recovery rates, and electrocardiographs of salmon anesthetized with CMSE were comparable to salmon anesthetized with MS-222. Salmon anesthetized with CMSE and then transferred immediately to fresh water had more stable heart rates than salmon anesthetized with either MS-222 or CMSE continuously. Salmon bathed continuously in CMSE showed clinical signs of increasing anesthetic depth including decreasing heart rate, decreasing respiration rate and electrocardiograph abnormalities. The CMSE, with its mint and wintergreen concentrations less than in household products such as chewing gum, toothpaste, and mouthwash, is a potent, rapid-acting immersion fish anesthetic comparable to MS-222 for stages 4 and 5 anesthesia.