bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent mania and psychosis in a case of novel influenza a (H1N1) virus encephalitis
Authors: Teng J.Y. , Lee T.-S. 
Published: May 2011

Neurologic complications associated with novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection include seizures, encephalitis, encephalopathy and Reye syndrome. Mania and psychotic episodes are less commonly described, and there have been limited studies on the long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae of H1N1 infection.Here, we report a case of H1N1 infection with concurrent onset of acute manic and psychotic symptoms. Despite completing a full course of the antiviral medication oseltamivir, the patient's behaviour worsened over the next four weeks and he required readmission for psychiatric treatment. Based on the temporal sequence of events, we considered the possibility that these symptoms were sequelae of Novel influenza A (H1N1) infection. Moreover, the manic symptoms persisted weeks after the acute infection had abated, which gives rise to the consideration of long-lasting direct or indirect neuronal insult by the influenza virus. However, it is also possible that his symptoms may have represented a primary psychiatric disorder precipitated by or coincident with the viral infection.After treatment with antipsychotic medication and a mood stabiliser, his manic and psychotic symptoms became significantly attenuated. His behaviour improved considerably such that he was able to return to school. Medications were stopped after one month of outpatient follow-up at his behest. Four months after discharge, he was completely free of symptoms and was performing well in school.Treatment of influenza with antiviral medications has been shown to reduce the rate of complications. However, the effectiveness of antiviral treatment to prevent influenza-associated neuropsychiatric sequelae is unknown.
P01-404-Differences in hospitals create different models of functioning in consultation-liaison service
Authors: Theochari A. , Mouzas O. , Angelopoulos N. 
Published: May 2011

The aim of this study is to investigate differences in Consultation-Liaison (C-L) service between two General Hospitals in Greece in order to provide better health services to our patients.We try to examine referral causes from C-L Psychiatry Unit of an urban General hospital (G.H.) and a local University hospital (U.H.) and find out potential differences. 492 data were gathered (G.H = 96 U.H. = 396) within a 6 months period.Most liaison referrals (n = 260, 52,8%) were of Internal Medicine Units. The bulk of referrals were either drug adjustment (n = 157 31,9%) or suicide attempts (n = 122 24,8%). According to our findings the vast majority were diagnosed of depression (n = 67 22,9%) or delirium. 153 patients had Psychiatric history and in 86 of them (56,2%) we were called for help with their drug therapy (rearranging drug doses or preventing side effects with recent medication). 71 patients although were found of no psychiatric problem and cause of referral were management behavioral problems, such as patients negation or irritation.Both hospitals found out of similar needs in most examined elements. C-L service is the link between psychological process and physical illness. Further research in sociodemographic characteristics and cause of referrals in different kind of Hospitals may enlighten the needs of C-L service in each case.
Normal 0 14 general punitiveness and direction of hostility in chronic prostatitis patients
Authors: Tournikioti K. , Christodoulou C. , Nika S. , Korkoliakou P. , Gourgoulis G.-M. , Tsiodras S. , Panagopoulos P. , Petrikkos G. , Lykouras L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionChronic prostatitis has been long considered a psychosomatic illness. We have previously studied alexithymic and obsessive-compulsive features in chronic prostatitis patients.AimsTo evaluate introverted, extroverted and total hostility in patients with chronic prostatitis.MethodsPatients diagnosed with chronic prostatitis at a tertiary care ID clinic were evaluated with the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ), a questionnaire with 5 subscales designed to assess total hostility or punitiveness and direction of hostility. Patients were categorized according to the NIH Consensus Classification System for Prostatitis Category and the NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI) was calculated.Results82 patients (median age 37.5 yrs old; IQR 30-45.5 yrs) were evaluated. According to the NIH Prostatitis Classification patients were categorized as type II: 45.1%, IIIa: 9.7%, IIIb: 39%, IV: 2.4%. Median CPSI score was 19.5 (IQR: 14.5-24.3). Median introverted, extroverted and total hostility scores were 3 (IQR: 2-6), 9 (IQR: 7-13) and 13 (IQR: 9-18) respectively. Results from the Extroverted Hostility HDHQ subscale correlated (r squared = −0.25, p = 0.024) with subscales of the TAS (Toronto Alexithymia Scale). These results were independent of CPSI scores.ConclusionsChronic prostatitis patients’ total hostility scores are similar to those of the general population reported by other studies. However, chronic prostatiitis patients show more outward directed hostility. The relationship between TAS subscale scores and measures of extroverted hostility needs further elucidation. Patients with chronic prostatitis are potentially at risk for psychiatric disturbances and thus may need psychiatric counseling and therapy.
Dissociative fugue of the patient of maternity ward - A case report
Authors: Załuska M. , Żurko R. , Kuroń M. , Jakiel G. , Dudel A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMothers after childbearing are vulnerable to many stress related disorders.Objectiveto emphasize the role of the past obstetric complications, as so present infant pathology as risk factors for the mother's post partum stress related disorders.MethodsThe case analysis.Case descriptionThe thirty-year-old, women left the maternity ward with her baby unnoticed on the fourth day after giving birth. She was referred to psychiatry ward, after finding her by the police. In the past history the patient had spontaneous miscarriage in the first pregnancy. She has waited with her husband 6 years long for the next baby. The second pregnancy was at risk, the labor was premature and the infant has palatoschisis. The mother had difficulties with feeding. She feared about baby's life, and had feeling of being neglected by the staff. In psychiatry ward she did not reveal any symptoms of mental illness. She was interested in her child, however the period of the flight was covered with memory gap. The predominance of immature defense mechanisms, as so mild cognitive dysfunctions were revealed in psychological testing. The dissociative fugue was diagnosed. The patient was discharged without any medication to ambulatory psychotherapy.CommentaryThe interaction of past and present traumatic experiences in the patient with cognitive dysfunctions and immature defense mechanisms could impair ability of post-partum coping with fear about the child and consequently led to the loss of conscious control over the memory. Early diagnosing and supporting problematic patients of the maternity ward is needed.
Investigation of the effects of emotional context and psychosocial stress on response inhibition
Authors: Álmos P.Z. , Csifcsák G. , Andó B. , Gergelyfi M. , Sándor T. , Bacskai A. , Kurgyis E. , Janka Z. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionResponse inhibition (RI) is a basic component of human behaviour responsible for suppressing actions or thoughts which are inappropriate in a certain context. This cognitive function is well-studied in laboratory conditions, but there is limited data how it is influenced by emotional context and psychosocial stress.ObjectivesThe effect of emotional factors on RI can be investigated with an emotional go/nogo task, while psychosocial stress can be induced with the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Electroencephalography (EEG) is an excellent method for studying the neural correlates of RI: the two major event-related potentials (ERPs) implicated in the process are the frontal N2 and P3 components.AimsIn this respect, our aim was to investigate how psychosocial stress and emotional context modulate these ERPs.MethodsSeven healthy adult volunteers performed emotional go/no go tasks while brain responses were recorded by EEG. The task was carried out on two different occasions: at baseline condition and after moderate psychosocial stress induced by the TSST.ResultsWe successfully replicated the robust go vs. nogo effect on the frontal N2 and P3 amplitudes. However, ERPs were not affected by positive or negative emotional context in the baseline condition. In contrast, after TSST a significantly enhanced valence effect was observed on the go-related N2 amplitude and a greater go vs. nogo N2 latency difference was detected.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of the stress-regulating system on emotionally modulated RI and render this paradigm a promising tool for investigating RI in anxiety and mood disorders.
Cognitive impairments in patients with bipolar disorder during different phases of illness
Authors: Buoli M. , Caletti E. , Paoli R.A. , Serati M. , Altamura A.C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSeveral studies have reported that Bipolar Disorder (BD) is characterized by neuropsychological deficits both during affective episodes and euthymic phases; in particular, bipolar patients (BPs) show psychomotor slowing and impairment of memory during Major Depressive Episodes and frontal-executive deficits in Hypomania.AimsThe aim of the present study is to compare possible differences in cognitive performances of BPs during euthymia or during an affective episode.Methods22 BPs with an affective episode (depressive = 7, mixed = 7, manic = 8) and 5 euthymic patients underwent neuropsychological tests, after assessing the diagnosis by SCID-I. The cognitive abilities tested by raters included attention, verbal abilities, memory, abstract reasoning, executive functioning and semantic knowledge. One-way ANOVAs were performed on mean total scores of neuropsychological tests comparing euthymics versus BPs in the different phases of illness.ResultsThe 20% of euthymic patients showed attentive, verbal and memory deficits; the 40% showed perceptual and executive functioning deficits. Depressed (p = 0.03) and manic (p = 0.01) patients showed worse scores at Trail Making Test A (TMT-A) than euthymics. Manic patients presented the most severe deficits in memory as showed by the scores of Corsi's test (F = 4.96, p = 0.01), Recall of Prose (F = 4.06, p = 0.02) and California Verbal Learning Test (F = 3.67, p = 0.03).ConclusionsEuthymic patients showed deficits in several cognitive domains. Manic patients had more severe deficits in attention and memory in comparison with depressed, mixed and euthymic patients. Controlled studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these data.
Counterfactual thinking in schizophrenia patients
Authors: Caño A. , Contreras F. , Menchón J.M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionCounterfactual thoughts (CFT) are mental representations of alternatives to past events, actions or states. For example, “If only I had studied, I would have passed the exam”).CFT in healthy subjects is associated with learning, behavioral regulation and planning.Damage to the prefrontal brain regions has been related to decreased generation and use of CFT. Due to the fact that frontal deficits are documented in patients with schizophrenia, it is expected that these patients could also present impairments in CFT.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to examine the role of the generation of CFT in schizophrenia patients.MethodsForty subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and 40 healthy control participants were recruited. The two groups were matched in age, education, and handedness.To investigate the generation of CTF we used an adaptation of the task made by Wells, Taylor & Turtle (1987). In this task, we presented to the subjects one history with 4 different scenarios. After the presentation of the history, we asked to the subjects that list alternatives to solve the problem presented in the history.ResultsThe schizophrenic patients generated less responses of CTF that controls. The patients obtained a mean of responses of 1.48 (1 SD). The mean for the controls was 2.08 (.971 SD). The control subjects generated significantly more counterfactual responses than schizophrenic patients ([t (78) = −2.670, p = .269]).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that patients with schizophrenia have impoverished the generation of CFT compared to normal control participants.
Neuropsychological assessment in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Curral R. , Maia D. 
Published: May 2011

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological diseases and disabling in young adults, who often have cognitive dysfunction.The authors of this paper proposes to assess neuropsychological functions most affected in a group of MS patients and compares them with a group of healthy people.This study consists of two groups: the group of patients with definite diagnosis of MS (n = 31) and the control group (n = 15). Data collection is done through a questionnaire sociodemographic and clinical data and a battery of neuropsychological assessment (Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery). Data analysis is performed using the program SigmaStat.The results show that the group of MS patients compared with the control group presented a significantly lower performance at various scales, and also indicate that in this patient group, there is no relationship between cognitive functioning and duration of disease (as noted in several studies).This work also indicates a strong diagnostic validity of the Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery, in the differentiation between normal individuals and patients in the neurological point of view (including patients with MS).
Different patterns of cognitive functioning and their connection with clinical symptom severity in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Domján N. , Drótos G. , Szendi I. , Janka Z. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionCognitive deficits are core features of schizophrenia and they are also observed in bipolar disorder with psychotic episodes. Clinical symptom severity and cognitive performance might be related and they both affect everyday functioning.ObjectivesTo examine the patterns of cognition and clinical symptoms in patients with psychosis spectrum disorders.AimsTo learn how clinical symptom severity affect the cognitive performance in the two patient groups.MethodsTwenty-five bipolar and 40 schizophrenic patients were enrolled in the study. The following measures were used to assess the cognitive performance: Digit Span Task, Corsi Blocks Task, Tower of Hanoi Task, Visual Patterns Test, Letter and Category Fluency Tasks, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was also administered. The two groups were compared with Mann-Whitney test; the connections between clinical scales and cognitive measures were investigated through partial correlation.ResultsThe bipolar patients showed better performance on the majority of the cognitive tasks. The schizophrenic group had higher scores on all subscales of the PANSS (p < 0.016). In the bipolar group only the Negative scale of the PANSS was correlated with the backwards task of the Corsi Blocks (p = 0.022 r = −0.584). The cognitive performance of the schizophrenic patients was more related to the clinical symptoms.ConclusionsOur results are in accordance with the notion that clinical symptoms are correlated to cognitive performance. Improving working memory processes might ease the coping with everyday difficulties caused by the symptoms, so this should be considered during the treatment of these patients.
Internet and computer game addiction - a review of current neuroscientific research
Authors: Duven E. , Müller K.W. , Wölfling K. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionA significant part computer game players and internet users show clinical features of abuse and addiction (loss of control, withdrawal symptoms, tolerance, continuation of game play even with increasing negative consequence in social and academic life). Similar mechanisms are suggested to underlie the pathogenesis and maintenance of internet and computer game addiction and substance-related addictions.ObjectivesNeuroscientific research on internet and computer game addiction is sparse, yet emerging. To review previous studies is the objective of the present project.AimsWe aim to identify common findings regarding the neurophysiological processes underlying internet and computer game addiction. This could be helpful for establishing a sound model for these emerging disorders.MethodsNeuroscientific studies on internet and computer game addiction were systematically searched in “Pubmed”, “Google scholar” and “PsychInfo”. Titles were examined first to screen potential articles, followed by abstracts, and then manuscripts were downloaded. The reference sections of downloaded manuscripts were examined for additional references not located in the searches.ResultsNeuroscientific research on internet and computer game addiction is mainly located in the Asian area, probably due to a higher regional prevalence. Methodologies range from ERP, resting state EEG, resting state fMRI, VBM to PET, investigating very different concepts of addiction, including impulsivity, craving, reward processing and cue-reactivity.ConclusionsAddicted internet and computer game users are overall suggested to have altered brain mechanisms similar to individuals with substance addictions. However, a sound model on the neurophysiologic alterations has not been established yet.
The neuropsychological function of the 12 cranials nerves
Authors: Frohlich S. , Franco C.A. 
Published: May 2011

The cranial nerves can be an important key for research in Neuropsychology. Our hypothesis is that they can be organized in three groups and then, related to specifics attitudes.The Cochlear Nerve (VII pair), the Optic Nerve (II pair) and the olfactory nerve (I pair) have special translators that process the sensorial information from the environment to the brain, to form a clue. They are the first cranial nerve group: the cognitive nerves that incite the nervous system in an endogenous way. The second cranial nerve group stimulates muscles: the spinal nerve (XI pair) that regulates the posture, the trigeminal nerve (V pair) that is connected to mastication muscles and the hypoglossal nerve (XII pair) that supplies motor fibers for all the tongue muscles. They are behavioral nerves and act in an exogenous way.The third cranial nerve group regulates the emotions and is connected to the SNA: the Vagus nerve (X pair), the Facial nerve (VII pair) and the Glossofaringeal nerve (IX pair).The cranial nerves that enervate the eyes muscles are responsible for the regulation of the visual focus and the attention. We related them to the three groups above described. The Trochlear nerve (IV pair) incite a cognitive attitude and act in an endogenous way; the Abducent nerve (VI pair) produces the plain environmental attention through the saccades and following eyes movement and produces behavioral attitudes and the Oculomotor Nerve (III pair) act in autonomic way, regulating the inner feelings and emotions.
A prospective investigation of postconcussional symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Hou R. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the contributions of cognitive, emotional and behavioural factors to the development of Post Concussional Syndrome (PCS) after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), particularly the role of attentional bias (AB).Methods80 MTBI patients completed baseline questionnaire assessments and 39 completed computer tasks. 42 patients completed the follow-up assessments. A series of self-report measures were used to assess cognitive, behavioural and emotional responses, and the visual probe task was adopt to measure reaction time (RT) and assess attentional bias (AB). The main outcomes were measured by the Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ).ResultsPCS symptoms at 3 months were positively correlated with measures of stress response (r = 0.397, p = 0.011), particularly stress avoidance (r = 0.497, p = 0.001), anxiety (r = 0.33, p = 0.035), illness perception (r = 0.528, p = 0.000), and all or nothing behaviour (r = 0.422, p = 0.006). There were also significant correlations between PCS symptoms and Mean RT (r = 0.507, p = 0.012) and total AB (r = −0.425, p = 0.039). The positive correlations between PCS and RT indicates that PCS symptoms may be associated with slow information processing, whereas the negative correlation between AB and PCS symptoms may reflect that PCS symptoms are associated with threat avoidance.ConclusionsThere were significant correlations between PCS symptoms and a number of cognitive, emotional and behavioral factors, which is consistent with the proposed cognitive behavioral model. The significant findings from RT/AB reflect that PCS symptoms may be associated with slow information processing and trauma-related threat avoidance. This study provides a cognitive behavioural approach to a better understanding of PCS.
The influence of deviant behavior on inhibitory gating measures in schizophrenic patients
Authors: Kirenskaya A.V. , Storozheva Z.I. , Bolshakova N.B. , Novototsky-Vlasov V.J. , Tkachenko A.A. 
Published: May 2011

Schizophrenia patients exhibit inhibitory gating deficit in the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle response (ASR) and in the P50 auditory evoked potential suppression.Deviant sexual behavior (DSB) often complicates early clinical identifying of schizophrenic disorder. In this study we assessed the inhibitory gating measures in schizophrenic patients with DSB.Participants (males) were 12 schizophrenic patients with DSB, 14 schizophrenic controls (SC) and 26 healthy controls (HC). DSB was mainly related to disorders of sexual preference. P50 suppression was measured during two runs of 50 click pairs with 500-msec interval. PPI was measured using a series of prepulse-pulse pairs with lead intervals (LI) 60 ms and 120 ms.SC group showed reduced PPI compared to HC. PPI deficit was the most prominent at 60 ms LI, and was right-sided only at 120-ms LI. DSB group demonstrated left-sided reduced PPI at 60 ms LI and left eye ASR latency reduction at 120 ms LI. SC exhibited the highest (0,87), and HC the lowest (0,39) S2/S1 ratio in P50 paradigm; the intermediate value (0,67) was found in DSB patients. In both patient groups S2/S1 ratio significantly (p < 0,001) differed from that in HC. No significant differences were revealed in P50 and PPI measures between patient groups that may be related to high variability in SC group.Left-side PPI deficit in DSB patients is possibly related to right hemisphere disturbances that are inherent to patients with sexual disorders. P50 and PPI measures may be useful to identify schizophrenic disorder in patients with DSB.
Relationship between prefrontal cortex blood flow and mayer wave during the performance of the original version trail making test
Authors: Kubo M. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesWe measured mayer wave in the prefrontal cortex during the performance of original version TMT by multichannel NIRS using sensitive for detecting changes of oxyHb.MethodsSixteen healthy student volunteers performed four different screens of TMT-A, and then two different screens of TMT-B.ResultsMayer wave changed while in the prefrontal cortex during the performance of TMT-A and TMT-B. The changes were prominent during the TMT performed. Mayer wave changed in the rear prefrontal cortex during TMT.Additional measurements and to present a detailed database.ConclusionMeyer wave reflects brain activity. You should consider in more detail.