bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyurethane‐based biomaterials for shape‐adjustable cardiovascular devices
Authors: Silvestri A. , Serafini P. M. , Sartori S. , Ferrando P. , Boccafoschi F. , Milione S. , Conzatti L. , Ciardelli G. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA series of biostable polyurethane (PUR) formulations, including a composite containing a clay as filler, were prepared as new biomaterials for cardiovascular applications. Poly(dimethyl siloxane) and poly(tetramethylene oxide) were selected as macrodiols because of their mechanical properties and the high hydrolysis resistance they confer to PURs. 1,6‐Diisocyanatohexane and 1,4‐cyclohexane dimethanol were used as a diisocyanate and chain extender, respectively. The polymeric products were chemically, thermally, and mechanically characterized. Thermomechanical characterizations highlighted that some of the obtained formulations are promising materials for applications in the cardiovascular field, in particular, for the realization of annuloplastic rings in mitral valve repair. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of elastic properties modification on the vibrational density of states: A joint Brillouin and Raman scattering study
Authors: Caponi S. , Corezzi S. , Fioretto D. , Fontana A. , Rossi F. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe modification of the vibrational density of states in a reactive epoxy–amine mixture during isothermal polymerization at different temperatures was characterized by Brillouin and Raman scattering measurements. During the reaction, the system underwent the glass‐transition passing from the liquid to the glassy phase. The relative variations of the boson peak (BP) and the elastic moduli were investigated. We found that the intensity variation and the shift of the BP could be completely explained in terms of the elastic medium transformation. A master curve of the spectra in the BP region can always be obtained both as a function of the reaction temperature and as a function of the reaction time. Moreover, the Brillouin light‐scattering results gave evidence of the validity of a Cauchy‐like relation for the real part of the elastic moduli measured at finite frequencies also in a relaxing regime. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
No evidence for a fundamental visual motion processing deficit in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Jones Catherine R.G. , Swettenham John , Charman Tony , Marsden Anita J.S. , Tregay Jenifer , Baird Gillian , Simonoff Emily , Happé Francesca 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIt has been suggested that atypicalities in low‐level visual processing contribute to the expression and development of the unusual cognitive and behavioral profile seen in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, previous investigations have yielded mixed results. In the largest study of its kind (ASD n = 89; non‐ASD = 52; mean age 15 years 6 months) and testing across the spectrum of IQ (range 52–133), we investigated performance on three measures of basic visual processing: motion coherence, form‐from‐motion and biological motion (BM). At the group level, we found no evidence of differences between the two groups on any of the tasks, suggesting that there is no fundamental visual motion processing deficit in individuals with an ASD, at least by adolescence. However, we identified a tail of individuals with ASD (18% of the sample) who had exceptionally poor BM processing abilities compared to the non‐ASD group, and who were characterized by low IQ. For the entire sample of those both with and without ASD, performance on the BM task uniquely correlated with performance on the Frith–Happé animations, a higher‐level task that demands the interpretation of moving, interacting agents in order to understand mental states. We hypothesize that this association reflects the shared social–cognitive characteristics of the two tasks, which have a common neural underpinning in the superior temporal sulcus. Autism Res 2011,4:347–357. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
No effects of short‐term exposure to mobile phone electromagnetic fields on human cognitive performance: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Barth Alfred , Ponocny Ivo , Gnambs Timo , Winker Robert 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDuring recent years, a large number of studies on the effects of electromagnetic fields emitted by cellular mobile phones on human cognitive performance have been carried out. However, the results have been ambiguous. We carried out the current meta‐analysis in order to investigate the impact of electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones on human cognition. Seventeen studies were included in the meta‐analysis as they fulfill several requirements such as single‐ or double‐blind experimental study design, and documentation of means and standard deviations of dependent variables. The meta‐analysis was carried out as a group comparison between exposed and non‐exposed subjects. No significant effects of electromagnetic fields emitted by Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile phones were found. Cognitive abilities seem to be neither impaired nor facilitated. Results of the meta‐analysis suggest that a substantial short‐term impact of high frequency electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones on cognitive performance can essentially be ruled out. Bioelectromagnetics 33:159–165, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pathways for cervical metastasis in malignant neoplasms of the head and neck region
Authors: Wang Yuan , Ow Thomas J. , Myers Jeffrey N. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThere have been significant changes in the evaluation and management of lymphatic metastases in the neck during the past several decades, and knowledge of the functional anatomy of the cervical lymphatics is fundamental to the clinical management of metastasis in this region. This review provides a comprehensive description of the cervical lymphatics and discusses how this knowledge is used in the modern management of the neck lymphatics in the setting of common cancers of the head and neck. The patterns of tumor spread can be delineated based on the well‐studied functional anatomy of the lymphatic networks in the cervical region. The characteristics and patterns of metastatic spread for two common cancers found in this region, squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous malignant melanoma, are discussed in this review. Significant improvements in clinical care, namely, selective neck dissection and sentinel lymph node biopsy aided by lymphoscintigraphy, have been developed and are based upon detailed studies of the pathways of metastatic spread. These advances have significantly decreased the morbidity associated with the evaluation and treatment of metastatic disease to the neck. Clin. Anat. 25:54–71, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Branching pattern of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and its clinical importance
Authors: Yalcin Bulent , Tubbs R. Shane , Durmaz Abdullah , Comert Ayhan , Toygar Mehmet , Loukas Marios , Develi Sedat 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve gives off many branches above the upper pole of the thyroid gland. Differentiating the branch innervating the cricothyroid muscle from the others may be important during surgery. Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate the branching pattern of this nerve in detail. In 34 human cadavers (59 sides), branches of the nerve were exposed and measurements related to them and neighboring structures were made. A cricothyroidal branch was present on all sides. This branch pierced the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle 3.9–17.6 mm above, 3.1–9.9 mm below, or at the level of the upper pole of the thyroid gland. On all sides, the nerve provided one or two thyroidal branches. The thyroidal branch was generally thinner than the cricothyroidal branch. But they were equal in size on three (5%) sides. The external laryngeal nerve provided two or three pharyngeal branches on all sides. These branches arose from the nerve 3.5–12.7 mm from the upper pole of the thyroid gland. Although the branch was generally thinner than the cricothyroidal branch, both branches were equal on four (6.7%) sides. Two cardiac branches were observed on two (3.3%) left sides. In conclusion, the cricothyroidal branch was generally thicker than the other branches. But on seven (11.8%) sides, thyroidal or pharyngeal branches and the cricothyroidal branch were equal in size. These data may be important during surgery as the surgeon may confuse the cricothyroidal branch with other branches of the external laryngeal nerve. Clin. Anat. 25:32–39, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vision‐based control of a line‐tracing mobile robot
Authors: Simončič Samo , Podržaj Primož 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this article, a vision‐based control of a line‐tracing mobile robot is presented. The position of the robot is determined based on the analysis of the images obtained by a ceiling mounted camera. Such an approach has some advantages compared to the more common robot mounted camera approach. The robot detection algorithm uses some well‐known image processing algorithms. As the PC is common these days and the mobile robot is quite easy to build or buy, the only prerequisite is a camera. The time delay of a web camera is too large so a FireWire CCD camera is preferred for better performance. The control system presented can be an ideal educational tool for an introductory level course in image processing, image analysis, or machine vision. As the line‐tracing problem is well known to everyone studying mechatronics or robotics, the approach presented in this article should be of great interest to all students in these fields, because it offers an alternative solution to the line‐tracing problem. Besides that this approach makes it possible to implement a more advanced predictive control algorithm. In order to make the experiment even more interesting, an obstacle avoidance algorithm is presented as well. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:474–480, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.10.1002/cae.20573
Tuning Molecular Recognition in Water‐Soluble Nanogels with Enzyme‐Like Activity for the Kemp Elimination
Authors: Servant Ania , Haupt Karsten , Resmini Marina 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of water‐soluble imprinted nanogels with enzyme‐like activity in the Kemp elimination is reported together with studies that demonstrate how the recognition properties, morphology, and catalytic activity of the nanoparticles can be tuned by the use of surfactants, such as Tween 20. A detailed kinetic investigation is carried out, which shows clear evidence of saturation kinetics and rule out the effects of mass transfer. This is supported by characterization of the polymeric materials that confirms the morphological changes resulting from the use of surfactants. These results provide an important tool for the development of nanoparticle‐based, new catalyst‐mimicking enzymes.
Size‐Controllable Gold–Platinum Alloy Nanoparticles on Nine Functionalized Ionic‐Liquid Surfaces and Their Application as Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Peroxide Reduction
Authors: Yu Yanyan , Sun Qian , Liu Xiaoqian , Wu Haihong , Zhou Tianshu , Shi Guoyue 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA series of room‐temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) containing different functional groups such as hydroxyl, nitrile, carboxyl, and thiol attached to imidazolium cations, combined with various anions such as chloride [Cl], tetrafluoroborate [BF4], hexafluorophosphate [PF6], and bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide [Tf2N], have been successfully synthesized. Dissolved in chitosan (Chi), the Chi/RTIL composites can be employed as flexible templates for the preparation of Au/Pt nanostructures. These Au/Pt nanostructures can be facilely deposited in situ on the surface of Chi/RTILs through electrodeposition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results demonstrate that the alloy size is significantly dependent on the structure of the Chi/RTILs, with sizes ranging from 2.8 to 84.7 nm. Based upon the functionalized RTILs, nine Chi/RTIL–Au/Pt biosensors have been fabricated. First, the size‐dependent electrochemistry of Chi/RTIL–Au/Pt was investigated using potassium ferricyanide as the probe. The reversible electron transfer of the Fe(CN)63−/4− redox couple was realized for the nine biosensors, and the peak currents, as well as the peak‐to‐peak separations (ΔEp) and electron‐transfer rates, differ greatly from each other because of the diversity of the RTILs. Further electrochemical research reveals that the functional groups of these RTILs exert an evident influence on the reduction behavior of H2O2, which in turn illustrates that the electrocatalytic activity of Chi/RTIL–Au/Pt nanocomposites can be tuned by means of employing RTILs with different functional groups, and an appropriate combination of cations and anions may produce a higher activity. The facilitated electron transfer and the intrinsic catalytic activity of Au/Pt NPs provide a facile way to construct a third‐generation H2O2 biosensor with a high sensitivity, low detection limit, quick response time, and excellent selectivity.
Bis(acetylacetonato)ruthenium Complexes of Noninnocent 1,2‐Dioxolene Ligands: Qualitatively Different Bonding in Relation to Monoimino and Diimino Analogues
Authors: Das Dipanwita , Sarkar Biprajit , Kumbhakar Doyel , Mondal Tapan Kumar , Mobin Shaikh M. , Fiedler Jan , Urbanos Francisco A. , Jiménez‐Aparicio Reyes , Kaim Wolfgang , Lahiri Goutam Kumar 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCoordination compounds [Ru(acac)2(Q)] (acac=acetylacetonate; Q=o‐benzoquinone) were prepared as complexes 1 (Q=o‐benzoquinone), 2 (Q=3‐methoxy‐o‐benzoquinone), 3 (Q=4‐methyl‐o‐benzoquinone), and 4 (Q=3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐o‐benzoquinone). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined to reveal a RuIII/o‐benzosemiquinone formulation, supported by analysis of experimental data (spectroscopy, magnetism of 1) and by DFT calculations. The S=1 ground state calculated for 1 stands in contrast to the spin‐paired analogues with arylimino‐o‐benzosemiquinonato and diimino‐o‐benzoquinone ligands. The close contacts of about 5.3 Å possible between semiquinone O atoms of different molecules in the crystal allow for intermolecular spin–spin interactions and an overall complex magnetic behavior. One quasireversible oxidation and two reversible one‐electron reductions yielded the corresponding molecular ions, which were characterized by UV‐visible‐NIR and EPR spectroelectrochemistry in terms of [RuIII(acac)2(Q0)]+, [RuIII(acac)2(Q2−)]−, and [RuII(acac)2(Q2−)]2− descriptions in agreement with DFT results. The use of acceptor‐substituted 1,2‐dioxolenes resulted in the isolation of ionic species Na[Ru(acac)2(Q)] (Na(5); Q=4‐chloro‐o‐benzoquinone) and Na(6) (Q=4‐nitro‐o‐benzoquinone), which were similarly investigated as compounds 1–4. Magnetic susceptibility and EPR results confirm an S=1/2 ground state based on ruthenium(III). The combined studies reveal a remarkable substituent sensitivity, and in comparison to recently analyzed Ru(acac)2 complexes with o‐benzoquinone monoimine and diimine ligands, the all‐O‐donor‐containing new systems are distinguished by a qualitatively different metal–ligand interaction based on closer intermolecular radical–radical contacts and on weaker intramolecular dπ–π* interactions.
Acid/Base Controllable Molecular Recognition
Authors: Nielsen Kent A. , Bähring Steffen , Jeppesen Jan O. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe study of controllable molecular recognition in supramolecular receptors is important for elucidating design strategies that can lead to external control of molecular recognition applications. In this work, we present the design and synthesis of an asymmetric (TTF) tetrathiafulvalene‐calix[4]pyrrole receptor and show that its recognition of 1,3,5‐trinitrobenzene (TNB) can be controlled by an acid/base input. The new receptor is composed of three identical TTF units and a fourth TTF unit appended with a phenol moiety. Investigation of the host–guest complexation taking place between the TTF‐calix[4]pyrrole receptor and the TNB guests was studied by means of absorption and 1H NMR spectroscopy; this revealed that the conformation of the molecular receptor can be switched between locked and unlocked states by using base and acid as the input. In the unlocked state, the receptor is able to accommodate two TNB guest molecules, whereas the guests are not able to bind to the receptor in the locked state. This work serves to illustrate how external control (acid/base) of a receptor may be used to direct the molecular recognition of guests (TNBs). It has led to a new controllable molecular recognition system that functions as an acid/base switch.
Two‐Dimensional Nanocomposites Based on Chemically Modified Graphene
Authors: Wu Dongqing , Zhang Fan , Liu Ping , Feng Xinliang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe multiple functional groups and unique two‐dimensional (2D) morphology make chemically modified graphene (CMG) an ideal template for the construction of 2D nanocomposites with various organic/inorganic components. Additionally, the recovered electrical conductivity of CMG may provide a fast‐electron‐transport channel and can thus promote the application of the resultant nanocomposites in optoelectronic and electrochemical devices. This Concept article summarizes the different strategies for the bottom‐up fabrication of CMG‐based 2D nanocomposites with small organic molecules, polymers, and inorganic nanoparticles, which represent the new directions in the development of graphene‐based materials.
Simulation and experimental analysis of an intelligent tissue for controlled drug delivery
Authors: Barati Aboulfazl , Sotoudeh Saman , Davarnejad Reza , Farahani Mohammad Aliabadi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this research, an antibiotic was loaded in the composites of polyethylene glycol (PEG), acrylamide (AAm) and acrylic acid (AAc) hydrogels matrices and their drug deliveries were tested. Effect of some parameters on the drug delivery was checked by UV‐spectrophotometer. Temperature enhancement considerably increased hydrogel swelling and the drug release in the AAc and AAm. A dynamic model based on the Maxwell–Stefan equation was developed to model the drug delivery of hydrogels. COMSOL software was also applied to simulate buffer diffusion inside the hydrogels.
Improving the image of an organic light‐emitting diode using a dye‐polariser
Authors: Lan Wen Jeng , Wu Ho Shing 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe present work investigated the image improvement of an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) by using a dye‐polariser on the panel of an OLED. There are many key vision indexes that can be used to indicate the image performances of flat panel displays (FPDs), such as pixel solution, brightness, view angle, visual reflective sensitivity, contrast ratio, colour saturation and response time. In this study, a dye‐polariser was applied on the panel of an OLED and experiments were conducted to examine the image performances using some relative key vision indexes. The results clearly show the effectiveness of the dye‐polariser used. The OLED showed a reduction in visual reflective sensitivity by 86.6%, improved the contrast ratio of the image to 2.4 and 2.7 times in an indoor (or office) ambience (490 cd/m2) and an outdoor ambience (1375 cd/m2), respectively, increased colour saturation from 59.4% to 66.7%, and reinforced the weaknesses of the red and blue organic fluorescent materials. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Electrochemical Properties of Oxidized Carbon Nano‐Onions: DRIFTS‐FTIR and Raman Spectroscopic Analyses
Authors: Plonska‐Brzezinska Marta E. , Dubis Alina T. , Lapinski Andrzej , Villalta‐Cerdas Adrián , Echegoyen Luis 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe electrochemical reactions of carboxylic and lactone groups on carbon nano‐onions (CNOs) in aqueous solutions result in non‐Kolbe products: alcohols, ketones, ethers and epoxides. The anodic/cathodic conversion of ox‐CNOs was assessed by Boehm titrations and by Raman and DRIFTS‐FTIR (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy). The electrochemical properties of oxidized carbon nano‐onions were investigated by cyclic voltammetry in aqueous solutions. The ox‐CNOs are electrochemically active as a result of the reduction of the oxygen‐containing groups.
Efficient Synthetic Protocols in Glycerol under Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Cravotto Giancarlo , Orio Laura , Gaudino Emanuela Calcio , Martina Katia , Tavor Dorith , Wolfson Adi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe massive increase in glycerol production from the transesterification of vegetable oils has stimulated a large effort to find novel uses for this compound. Hence, the use of glycerol as a solvent for organic synthesis has drawn particular interest. Drawbacks of this green and renewable solvent are a low solubility of highly hydrophobic molecules and a high viscosity, which often requires the use of a fluidifying co‐solvent. These limitations can be easily overcome by performing reactions under high‐intensity ultrasound and microwaves in a stand‐alone or combined manner. These non‐conventional techniques facilitate and widen the use of glycerol as a solvent in organic synthesis. Glycerol allows excellent acoustic cavitation even at high temperatures (70–100 °C), which is otherwise negligible in water. Herein, we describe three different types of applications: 1) the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol in which glycerol plays the dual role of the solvent and hydrogen donor; 2) the palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki cross‐coupling; and (3) the Barbier reaction. In all cases glycerol proved to be a greener, less expensive, and safer alternative to the classic volatile organic solvents.
Performance comparison of end‐to‐end and on‐the‐spot traffic‐aware techniques
Authors: Al‐Qassas Raad S. , Ould‐Khaoua Mohamed 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYTraffic‐aware routing protocols have recently received considerable attention. This has been motivated by the role that it could play in extending the network's lifetime (or operational time) as it target the reservation of node's power and better utilisation of channel bandwidth, which could lead to performance improvement in terms of important performance metrics including throughput and end‐to‐end delay. Traffic‐aware techniques can be classified into two categories, namely end‐to‐end and on‐the‐spot, based on the way of establishing and maintaining routes between any source and destination. Although there has been much work on both categories, there has been no comparative performance study of the two approaches. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that carries out such a performance comparison. To this end, we have adapted our traffic‐aware technique namely load density to suggest a new ‘on‐the‐spot’ traffic‐aware technique. The main reason for doing this adaptation is to ensure that the comparison between the two approaches is fair and realistic. The study will reveal the main performance characteristics of the two approaches under various traffic and network conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.