bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional vulnerability of early zoeal stages of the ornamental shrimp Lysmata ankeri (Decapoda: Caridea)
Authors: Barros-Alves Samara de P. , de Almeida Ariádine Cristine , Negreiros-Fransozo Maria Lucia , Alves Douglas Fernandes Rodrigues 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The evaluation of the effects of early starvation and feeding on survival and growth in the early stages of the life cycle of ornamental marine caridean shrimp species is fundamental to establish adequate feeding protocols in their culture. In this study, we determine the nutritional vulnerability in the early larval stages of ornamental shrimp Lysmata ankeri exposed to different periods of starvation or feeding. The larvae were separated into three groups (zoea I-ZI, zoea II with ZI fed, and zoea II with ZI unfed) and subjected to two experiments: (1) point-of-no-return (PNR), comprising one or two days of initial starvation followed by feeding; and (2) point-of-reserve-saturation (PRS), comprising one or two days of initial feeding followed by starvation. Each experiment was still composed of two control groups: continuous feeding and continuous starvation. Larvae tolerated some periods of starvation, with a high PNR value (2.00) and low PRS (0.50). Longer periods of starvation influenced both growth and survival rates in zoea II stages. The nutritional vulnerability index for zoea I was 0.25, which represents a low dependence on food supply. In this study, it was observed that ornamental shrimp L. ankeri larvae hatch with energy reserves, presenting facultative primary lecithotrophy, in which they are able to moult from zoea I to zoea II using such reserves in the absence of food. In this sense, the early larvae stages (zoeas I and II) can tolerate a certain period of starvation, indicating the great potential of this species for aquaculture.
To what extent do children’s expressions of time actually refer to time? An investigation into the temporal and discursive usages of temporal adverbs in family interaction
Authors: Surakka Maija , Kirjavainen Minna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Many studies have explored children’s acquisition of temporal adverbs. However, the extent to which children’s early temporal language has discursive instead of solely temporal meanings has been largely ignored. We report two corpus-based studies that investigated temporal adverbs in Finnish child-parent interaction between the children’s ages of 1;7 and 4;11. Study 1 shows that the two corpus children used temporal adverbs to construe both temporal and discursive meanings from their early adverb production and that the children’s usage syntactically broadly reflected the input received. Study 2 shows that the discursive uses of adverbs appeared to be learned from contextually anchored caregiver constructions that convey discourse functions like urging and reassuring, and that the usage is related to the children’s and caregivers’ interactional roles. Our study adds to the literature on the acquisition of temporal adverbs by demonstrating that these items are learned also with additional discursive meanings in family interaction.
Insights into child abuse and neglect: Findings from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation
Authors: Nivison Marissa D. , Labella Madelyn H. , Raby K. Lee , Doom Jenalee R. , Martin Jodi , Johnson William F. , Zamir Osnat , Englund Michelle M. , Simpson Jeffry A. , Carlson Elizabeth A. , Roisman Glenn I. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (MLSRA) is a landmark prospective, longitudinal study of human development focused on a sample of mothers experiencing poverty and their firstborn children. Although the MLSRA pioneered a number of important topics in the area of social and emotional development, it began with the more specific goal of examining the antecedents of child maltreatment. From that foundation and for more than 40 years, the study has produced a significant body of research on the origins, sequelae, and measurement of childhood abuse and neglect. The principal objectives of this report are to document the early history of the MLSRA and its contributions to the study of child maltreatment and to review and summarize results from the recently updated childhood abuse and neglect coding of the cohort, with particular emphasis on findings related to adult adjustment. While doing so, we highlight key themes and contributions from Dr Dante Cicchetti’s body of research and developmental psychopathology perspective to the MLSRA, a project launched during his tenure as a graduate student at the University of Minnesota.
Paediatric resident identification of cardiac emergencies
Authors: Hills Brittney K. , Gal Dana B. , Zackoff Matthew , Williams Brenda , Marcuccio Elisa , Klein Melissa , Unaka Ndidi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectives:Critical CHD is associated with morbidity and mortality, worsened by delayed diagnosis. Paediatric residents are front-line clinicians, yet identification of congenital CHD remains challenging. Current exposure to cardiology is limited in paediatric resident education. We evaluated the impact of rapid cycle deliberate practice simulation on paediatric residents’ skills, knowledge, and perceived competence to recognise and manage infants with congenital CHD.Methods:We conducted a 6-month pilot study. Interns rotating in paediatric cardiology completed a case scenario assessment during weeks 1 and 4 and participated in paired simulations (traditional debrief and rapid cycle deliberate practice) in weeks 2–4. We assessed interns’ skills during the simulation using a checklist of “cannot miss” tasks. In week 4, they completed a retrospective pre-post knowledge-based survey. We analysed the data using summary statistics and mixed effect linear regression.Results:A total of 26 interns participated. There was a significant increase in case scenario assessment scores between weeks 1 and 4 (4, interquartile range 3–6 versus 8, interquartile range 6–10; p-value < 0.0001). The percentage of “cannot miss” tasks on the simulation checklist increased from weeks 2 to 3 (73% versus 83%, p-value 0.0263) and from weeks 2–4 (73% versus 92%, p-value 0.0025). The retrospective pre-post survey scores also increased (1.67, interquartile range 1.33–2.17 versus 3.83, interquartile range 3.17–4; p-value < 0.0001).Conclusion:Rapid cycle deliberate practice simulations resulted in improved recognition and initiation of treatment of simulated infants with congenital CHD among paediatric interns. Future studies will include full implementation of the curriculum and knowledge retention work.
The political economy of foreign fighter death in the Russo-Ukrainian War: the role of institutions, politics, and international trade
Authors: Mixon Franklin G. , Cebula Richard J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This empirical study extends the public choice literature on the allocation of death during war by examining the political economy of foreign fighter deaths in the Russo-Ukrainian War since the 24 February 2022 invasion. The study explores the roles played by various demographic factors, military institutions, and international trade relations in determining the number of foreign fighters from a variety of countries who have died in support of either Ukraine or Russia during the Russo-Ukrainian War. Unlike other related studies, this study also investigates the importance of, and finds evidence in support of, both economic freedom and a robust democracy in shaping the choices made by individuals around the globe to venture to, and die fighting on, the battlefields of Ukraine.
De-risking in multi-state life and health insurance
Authors: Levantesi Susanna , Menzietti Massimiliano , Nyegaard Anna Kamille 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe calculation of life and health insurance liabilities is based on assumptions about mortality and disability rates, and insurance companies face systematic insurance risks if assumptions about these rates change. In this paper, we study how to manage systematic insurance risks in a multi-state setup by considering securities linked to the transition intensities of the model. We assume there exists a market for trading two securities linked to, for instance, mortality and disability rates, the de-risking option and the de-risking swap, and we describe the optimization problem to find the de-risking strategy that minimizes systematic insurance risks in a multi-state setup. We develop a numerical example based on the disability model, and the results imply that systematic insurance risks significantly decrease when implementing de-risking strategies.
Estimating the Ionospheric Induction Electric Field Using Ground Magnetometers
Authors: Madelaire Michael , Laundal Karl , Hatch Spencer , Vanhamäki Heikki , Reistad Jone , Ohma Anders , Merkin Viacheslav , Lin Dong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe ionospheric convection electric field is often assumed to be a potential field. This assumption is not always valid, especially when the ionosphere changes on short time scales min. We present a technique for estimating the induction electric field using ground magnetometer measurements. The technique is demonstrated on real and simulated data for sudden increases in solar wind dynamic pressure of 1 and 10 nPa, respectively. For the real data, the ionospheric induction electric field is 0.15 0.015 mV/m, and the corresponding compressional flow is 2.5 0.3 m/s. For the simulated data, the induction electric field and compressional flow reach 3 mV/m and 50 m/s, respectively. The induction electric field can locally constitute tens of percent of the total electric field. Inclusion of the induction electric field increased the total Joule heating by 2.4%. Locally the Joule heating changed by tens of percent. This corresponds to energy dissipation that is not accounted for in existing models.
Improving Global Barotropic Tides With Sub‐Grid Scale Topography
Authors: Wang He , Hallberg Robert , Wallcraft Alan J. , Arbic Brian K. , Chassignet Eric P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent years, efforts have been made to include tides in both operational ocean models as well as climate and earth system models. The accuracy of the barotropic tides is often limited by the model topography, which is in turn limited by model horizontal resolution. In this work, we explore the reduction of barotropic tidal errors in an ocean general circulation model (Modular Ocean Model version 6; MOM6) using sub‐grid scale topography representation. We follow the methodology from Adcroft (2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.03.002), which utilizes statistics from finer resolution topographic data sets to represent sub‐grid scale features with a light computational cost in a structured finite volume formulation. The geometric effect from sub‐grid scale topography can be introduced to the model with only a few parameters at each grid cell. The porous barriers, which are implemented at the walls of the grid cells, are used to modify transport between grid cells. Our results show that the globally averaged tidal error in lower‐resolution simulations is significantly reduced with the use of porous barriers. We argue this method is a potentially useful tool to improve simulations of tides (and other flows) in low‐resolution simulations.
Soil Moisture Profiles of Ecosystem Water Use Revealed With ECOSTRESS
Authors: Feldman Andrew F. , Koster Randal D. , Cawse‐Nicholson Kerry , Crow Wade T. , Holmes Thomas R. H. , Poulter Benjamin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile remote sensing has provided extensive insights into the global terrestrial water, carbon, and energy cycles, space‐based retrievals remain limited in observing the belowground influence of the full soil moisture (SM) profile on ecosystem function. We show that this gap can be addressed when coupling 70 m resolution ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station retrievals of land surface temperature (LST) with in‐situ SM profile measurements. These data sets together reveal that ecosystem water use decreases with depth with 93% of sites showing significant LST coupling with SM shallower than 20 cm while 34% of sites have interactions with SM deeper than 50 cm. Furthermore, the median depth of peak ecosystem water use is estimated to be 10 cm, though forests have more common peak interactions with deeper soil layers (50–100 cm) in 37% of cases. High spatial resolution remote sensing coupled with field‐level data can thus elucidate the role of belowground processes on land surface behavior.
Missed diagnosis—a major barrier to patient access to obesity healthcare in the primary care setting
Authors: Kasher Meron Michal , Eizenstein Sapir , Cukierman-Yaffe Tali , Oieru Dan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate whether individuals with an elevated BMI measurement, for whom a diagnosis of overweight or obesity (OW/OB) is not recorded, are less likely to be offered clinical care for obesity compared to those with a recorded diagnosis.

Subjects
A retrospective cohort study using the electronic medical record database of Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS) in Israel. Included were 200,000 adults with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 measurement recorded during a primary care visit between 2014 and 2020, and no prior diagnosis of OW/OB or related co-morbidities.

Methods
The relationships between a recorded diagnosis of OW/OB and two composite outcomes: 1. A composite of referrals to screening tests for metabolic complications; 2. A composite of weight loss intervention and follow up, were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models.

Results
In only 18% of individuals, a diagnosis of OW/OB was recorded. After adjusting for multiple potential confounding factors, individuals who received a recorded diagnosis were 18% more likely to be offered an evaluation for obesity-related metabolic complication, (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.15–1.21, p < 0.001), and almost twice as likely to be offered intervention and follow up for their excess body weight (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.76–1.94, p < 0.001) compared to individuals with missed diagnosis. These results persisted after adjusting for inter-physician variability. In addition, male sex, older age, and Arab sector were all associated with lower rates of weight loss intervention and follow up, while young individuals were less likely to be screened for metabolic complications.

Conclusion
Beyond BMI measurement, a recorded diagnosis of OW/OB is associated with statistically and clinically significant higher rates of performance of obesity care and intervention. Undiagnosed OW/OB presents a significant clinical opportunity, as recording a diagnosis of OW/OB would predict improved patient access to obesity healthcare and improved clinical outcomes.
Characterization of transcriptional profiles associated with stress-induced neuronal activation in Arc-GFP mice
Authors: Butto Tamer , Chongtham Monika Chanu , Mungikar Kanak , Hartwich Dewi , Linke Matthias , Ruffini Nicolas , Radyushkin Konstantin , Schweiger Susann , Winter Jennifer , Gerber Susanne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChronic stress has become a predominant factor associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, in both human and animal models. Although multiple studies have looked at transcriptional changes after social defeat stress, these studies primarily focus on bulk tissues, which might dilute important molecular signatures of social interaction in activated cells. In this study, we employed the Arc-GFP mouse model in conjunction with chronic social defeat (CSD) to selectively isolate activated nuclei (AN) populations in the ventral hippocampus (vHIP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of resilient and susceptible animals. Nuclear RNA-seq of susceptible vs. resilient populations revealed distinct transcriptional profiles linked predominantly with neuronal and synaptic regulation mechanisms. In the vHIP, susceptible AN exhibited increased expression of genes related to the cytoskeleton and synaptic organization. At the same time, resilient AN showed upregulation of cell adhesion genes and differential expression of major glutamatergic subunits. In the PFC, susceptible mice exhibited upregulation of synaptotagmins and immediate early genes (IEGs), suggesting a potentially over-amplified neuronal activity state. Our findings provide a novel view of stress-exposed neuronal activation and the molecular response mechanisms in stress-susceptible vs. resilient animals, which may have important implications for understanding mental resilience.
Efficacy and safety of aticaprant, a kappa receptor antagonist, adjunctive to oral SSRI/SNRI antidepressant in major depressive disorder: results of a phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Schmidt Mark E. , Kezic Iva , Popova Vanina , Melkote Rama , Van Der Ark Peter , Pemberton Darrel J. , Mareels Guy , Canuso Carla M. , Fava Maurizio , Drevets Wayne C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis was a double-blind, randomized, phase 2 study of adults (18–64 years) with DSM−5 diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD), with moderate-to-severe episode severity (Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] ≥25) despite an adequate course with ongoing antidepressant for ≥6 weeks to ≤12 months. Following a double-blind placebo lead-in period (up to 3 weeks), participants were randomized to receive once daily aticaprant 10 mg or continue placebo, added to their ongoing treatment, for 6 weeks. Of 184 participants enrolled, 169 were included in safety analyses (aticaprant n = 85, placebo n = 84) and 166 in full intent-to-treat (fITT) efficacy analyses; 121 placebo lead-in non-responders (<30% reduction in MADRS total score) in fITT were included in enriched ITT (eITT) analyses. Improvement (least squares mean difference [upper limit 1-sided 80% CI] versus placebo) in MADRS total score at week 6 for aticaprant was significant versus placebo (eITT: −2.1 [−1.09], 1-sided p = 0.044; effect size (ES) 0.23; fITT −3.1 [2.21], 1-sided p = 0.002; ES 0.36). The between-group difference was larger among participants with Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) score greater/equal to versus less than baseline median SHAPS. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events reported for aticaprant (versus placebo) were headache (11.8% versus 7.1%), diarrhea (8.2% versus 2.4%), nasopharyngitis (5.9% versus 2.4%), and pruritus (5.9% versus 0%). One participant (1.2%) in each arm discontinued treatment due to an adverse event. In this study of participants with MDD and inadequate response to SSRI/SNRI, adjunctive treatment with aticaprant significantly reduced depressive symptoms versus placebo, without resulting in significant safety signals, supporting further investigation in larger trials.
Regional variability in therapeutic hypothermia eligibility criteria for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Proietti Jacopo , Boylan Geraldine B. , Walsh Brian H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Early induced therapeutic hypothermia represents the cornerstone treatment in neonates with probable hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The selection of patients for treatment usually involves meeting criteria indicating evidence of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia and the presence of moderate or severe encephalopathy. In this review, we highlight the variability that exists between some of the different regional and national eligibility guidelines. Determining the potential presence of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia may require either one, two or three signs amongst history of acute perinatal event, prolonged resuscitation at delivery, abnormal blood gases and low Apgar score, with a range of cutoff values. Clinical neurological exams often define the severity of encephalopathy differently, with varying number of domains required for determining eligibility and blurred interpretation of findings assigned to different severity grades in different systems. The role of early electrophysiological assessment is weighted differently. A clinical implication is that infants may receive different care depending on the location in which they are born. This could also impact epidemiological data, as inference of rates of moderate-severe encephalopathy based on therapeutic hypothermia rates are misleading and influenced by different eligibility methods used. We would advocate that a universally endorsed single severity staging of encephalopathy is vital for standardizing management and neonatal outcome.

Impact

Variability exists between regional and national therapeutic hypothermia eligibility guidelines for neonates with probable hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Differences are common in both criteria indicating perinatal hypoxia-ischemia and criteria defining moderate or severe encephalopathy. The role of early electrophysiological assessment is also weighted unequally.

This reflects in different individual care and impacts research data. A universally endorsed single severity staging of encephalopathy would be crucial for standardizing management.
T cells in testicular germ cell tumors: new evidence of fundamental contributions by rare subsets
Authors: Islam Rashidul , Heyer Jannis , Figura Miriam , Wang Xiaoyan , Nie Xichen , Nathaniel Benedict , Indumathy Sivanjah , Hartmann Katja , Pleuger Christiane , Fijak Monika , Kliesch Sabine , Dittmar Florian , Pilatz Adrian , Wagenlehner Florian , Hedger Mark , Loveland Bruce , Hotaling James H. , Guo Jingtao , Loveland Kate L. , Schuppe Hans-Christian , Fietz Daniela 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Immune cell infiltration is heterogeneous but common in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) and pre-invasive germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS). Tumor-infiltrating T cells including regulatory T (Treg) and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are found in other cancer entities, but their contributions to TGCT are unknown.

Methods
Human testis specimens from independent patient cohorts were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with special emphasis on delineating T cell subtypes.

Results
Profound changes in immune cell composition within TGCT, shifting from macrophages in normal testes to T cells plus B and dendritic cells in TGCT, were documented. In most samples (96%), the CD4+ T cell frequency exceeded that of CD8+ cells, with decreasing numbers from central to peripheral tumor areas, and to tumor-free, contralateral testes. T cells including Treg and Tfh were most abundant in seminoma compared to mixed tumors and embryonal carcinoma.

Conclusion
Despite considerable heterogeneity between patients, T cell subtypes form a key part of the TGCT microenvironment. The novel finding of rare Treg and Tfh cells in human testis suggests their involvement in TGCT pathobiology, with implications for understanding tumor progression, to assess patients’ prognosis, and as putative targets for personalized immunotherapy.