bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of T‐wave memory after accessory pathway ablation in pediatric patients with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome
Authors: Duras Ensar , Sulu Ayse , Kafali Hasan Candas , Sisko Sezen Gulumser , Caran Bahar , Ergul Yakup 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundT‐wave memory (TWM) is a rare cause of T‐wave inversion (TWI). Alterations in ventricular activation due to abnormal depolarization may cause repolarization abnormalities on the ECG, even if myocardial conduction returns to normal. These repolarization changes are defined as TWM. In our study, we aimed to determine the frequency of TWM development and the predictors affecting it in the pediatric population who underwent accessory pathway (AP) ablation due to Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome.MethodsThe data of patients with manifest AP who underwent electrophysiological studies and ablation between 2015 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The study included 180 patients who were under 21 years of age and had at least one year of follow‐up after ablation. Patients with structural heart disease, intermittent WPWs, recurrent ablation, other arrhythmia substrates, and those with less than one‐year follow‐up were excluded from the study. The ECG data of the patients before the procedure, in the first 24 h after the procedure, three months, and in the first year were recorded. The standard ablation technique was used in all patients.ResultsPostprocedure TWM was observed in 116 (64.4%) patients. Ninety‐three patients (51.7%) had a right‐sided AP, and 87 patients (48.3%) had a left‐sided AP. The presence of posteroseptal AP was found to be significantly higher in the group that developed TWM. Of these patients, 107 (93.1%) patients showed improvement at the end of the first year. Preprocedural absolute QRS‐T angle, postprocedural PR interval, and right posteroseptal pathway location were identified as predictors of TWM.ConclusionThe development of TWM is particularly associated with the right‐sided pathway location, especially the right posteroseptal pathway location. The predictors of TWM are the preprocedural QRS‐T angle, the postprocedural PR interval, and the presence of the right posteroseptal AP.
An in vitro nevus explant model for studying the effects of ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Wang Rui , Feng Jianglong , Zhang Wei , Wang Yu , Lu Hongguang , Zeng Wen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUltraviolet radiation (UVR) has been recognized as a potential trigger for the transformation of benign melanocytic nevi into melanoma. However, the mechanisms governing the formation and progression of melanocytic nevi remain poorly understood. This lack of understanding is partly due to the difficulty in isolating and culturing nevus tissues in vitro, resulting in a dearth of robust ex vivo models for nevi. Therefore, the establishment of a reliable melanocytic nevus model is imperative. Such a model is essential for elucidating nevus pathogenesis and facilitating the development of effective therapeutic interventions. Therefore, we have sought to establish an ex vivo nevus explant model to study UVR stimulation. And the structural integrity and tissue activity of the ex vivo nevi explant model was evaluated. We then observed melanogenesis and proliferation activity of the explants after UVR stimulation. There was less blister formation after Day 3 in nevi explants under our modified medium conditions. The nevi explant was able to maintain almost the same morphological structure and tissue activity as in vivo tissue within 24 h. Following UVR stimulation, we observed increased melanogenesis and proliferation activity in nevi explants. Nevi explants could serve as an ex vivo model for UVR‐induced nevi stimulation research.
Gone with the waves: the role of sea currents as key dispersal mechanism for Mediterranean coastal and inland plant species
Authors: Cuena‐Lombraña A. , Fois M. , Bacchetta G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Thalassochory, the dispersal of propagules through marine currents, is a key long‐distance dispersal (LDD) mechanism with implications for global biogeography and particularly for island colonization. The propagules of coastal plant species are generally assumed to be better adapted for sea dispersal than those of inland plants, but this hypothesis remains largely untested.

We conducted experiments on four genera (Juniperus, Daucus, Ferula, and Pancratium) and compared traits among nine species with different habitats and distributions.

Our results showed that Juniperus spp. and P. maritimum have strong thalassochorous potential within the Mediterranean Basin. Interestingly, we did not find a clear association on the thalassochorous potential of coastal versus inland species within all the tested genera, apart from P. maritimum compared with the endemic inland P. illyricum.

These findings suggest that thalassochory may be a more common dispersal mechanism than previously assumed. The apparently weak link of dispersal syndrome with species ecology broadens the possibility of dispersal by the sea also for inland plants, although considered to be poorly salt‐tolerant. Moreover, our results reveal significant differences in sea dispersal between endemic and widespread species, but do not rule out an important role of thalassochory in shaping the distribution patterns of archipelago endemic flora. The presented method is largely replicable and could be used for further studies with a larger set of species to better delineate trends of sea dispersal syndrome among species with different ecology or dispersal traits.
Wanting, liking, and the sociology of motivation
Authors: Abrutyn Seth , Lizardo Omar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite being a central topic, current theories of motivation in sociology remain underdeveloped. This paper supplements existing sociological theories on motivation with insights from affective and cognitive neuroscience to address this issue. The resulting sociological affective model of motivation treats affect as an independent force that sometimes coordinates with cognition while taking charge at other times. Drawing on recent work in the neuroscience of motivation and reward, the paper shows how two affective mechanisms—wanting and liking—can shed light on various behavioral outcomes of interest while allowing for sharper theorizing of key distinctions that need clarification in the literature. By examining the distinctive contribution of each process, the paper reveals a proactive, desire‐driven agent often overlooked by prevailing sociological models emphasizing a reactive actor responding creatively and deliberately when internal meanings and external cues are incongruent. The paper concludes by outlining the broader implications of this synthetic affective model of motivation for sociology.
Generating grid maps via the snake model
Authors: Wei Zhiwei , Yang Nai , Wenjia Xu , Su Ding 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe grid map, often referred to as the tile map, stands as a vital tool in geospatial visualization, possessing unique attributes that differentiate it from more commonly known techniques such as choropleths and cartograms. It transforms geographic regions into grids, which requires the displacement of both region centroids and boundary nodes to establish a coherent grid arrangement. However, existing approaches typically displace region centroids and boundary nodes separately, potentially resulting in self‐intersected boundaries and compromised relative orientation relations between regions. In this article, we introduce a novel approach that leverages the Snake displacement algorithm from cartographic generalization to concurrently displace region centroids and boundary nodes. The revised constrained Delaunay triangulation (CDT) is employed to represent the relations between regions and serves as a structural foundation for the Snake algorithm. Forces for displacing the region centroids into a grid‐like pattern are then computed. These forces are iteratively applied within the Snake model until a satisfactory new boundary is achieved. Subsequently, the grid map is created by aligning the grids with the newly generated boundary, utilizing a one‐to‐one match algorithm to assign each region to a specific grid. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach excels in maintaining the relative orientation and global shape of regions, albeit with a potential increase in local location deviations. We also present two strategies aligned with existing approaches to generate diverse grid maps for user preferences. Further details and resources are available on our project website: https://github.com/TrentonWei/DorlingMap.git.
Amber coloured plasma—Case for illustration
Authors: Radhakrishnan Nair Amita , Gopalakrishnan Baby Saritha , Gupta Debasish 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionAbnormal colour of plasma is infrequently identified during processing of blood and blood components. Common reasons include haemolysis, medications or diet related. Sometimes, the aetiology is unknown. It is a dilemma for every transfusion specialist encountering this situation. Effort should be made to find the aetiology of discolouration of plasma, so that the blood donor can be suitably advised, and a decision can be made regarding the use of blood products.Materials and MethodsWe encountered two cases of orange coloured (amber coloured) plasma in our regular blood donors. All the common reasons for abnormal plasma discolouration were evaluated, including the donor's medication and diet. Spectrophotometry along with Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) in both the positive and negative ion modes with literature search helped in arriving at a conclusion.ResultsHaemolysis was ruled out by estimation of plasma haemoglobin. Spectrophotometric analysis of the coloured plasma samples showed a peak, which was absent in normal coloured plasma. This was further investigated using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) in both the positive and negative ion modes. There was no significant difference between the coloured and normal samples in the positive ion mode. But in the negative ion mode, there was a peak observed at 110.5 and 191 m/z value in the profile of the coloured samples in comparison with the normal sample. Literature review shows the peak was corresponding to the presence of quinic acid residues—a substance found in coffee, and potentially excreted into the plasma of an individual with high coffee consumption.ConclusionReporting unusual causes associated with plasma discolouration is important. Present guidelines forbid issue of abnormal coloured blood and blood components for transfusion. Further such reports are necessary to confirm the safety of recipients receiving such units. This is the first case report to our knowledge of quinic acid discolouring blood products.
The SmMYC2–SmMYB36 complex is involved in methyl jasmonate‐mediated tanshinones biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Authors: Cao Ruizhi , Lv Bingbing , Shao Shuai , Zhao Ying , Yang Mengdan , Zuo Anqi , Wei Jia , Dong Juane , Ma Pengda 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYThe jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway plays an important role in promoting the biosynthesis of tanshinones. While individual transcription factors have been extensively studied in the context of tanshinones biosynthesis regulation, the influence of methyl jasmonate (MeJA)‐induced transcriptional complexes remains unexplored. This study elucidates the positive regulatory role of the basic helix–loop–helix protein SmMYC2 in tanshinones biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza. SmMYC2 not only binds to SmGGPPS1 promoters, activating their transcription, but also interacts with SmMYB36. This interaction enhances the transcriptional activity of SmMYC2 on SmGGPPS1, thereby promoting tanshinones biosynthesis. Furthermore, we identified three JA signaling repressors, SmJAZ3, SmJAZ4, and SmJAZ8, which interact with SmMYC2. These repressors hindered the transcriptional activity of SmMYC2 on SmGGPPS1 and disrupted the interaction between SmMYC2 and SmMYB36. MeJA treatment triggered the degradation of SmJAZ3 and SmJAZ4, allowing the SmMYC2–SmMYB36 complex to subsequently activate the expression of SmGGPPS1, whereas SmJAZ8 inhibited MeJA‐mediated degradation due to the absence of the LPIARR motif. These results demonstrate that the SmJAZ‐SmMYC2–SmMYB36 module dynamically regulates the JA‐mediated accumulation of tanshinones. Our results reveal a new regulatory network for the biosynthesis of tanshinones. This study provides valuable insight for future research on MeJA‐mediated modulation of tanshinones biosynthesis.
Immunoadsorption as a method of antibody donation during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Rothenburg Jannik , Rink‐Baron Silke , Müller Lisa , Ostermann Philipp Niklas , Fischer Johannes C. , Hermsen Derik , Stegbauer Johannes , Moldenhauer Anja 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesInitial therapeutic efforts to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) included the use of plasma from convalescent donors containing anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies. High‐neutralizing antibody titres are required for therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to show that immunoadsorption followed by tangential flow filtration can be used to obtain antibody concentrates with high‐neutralizing capacities.Materials and MethodsEligible donors (n = 10, five males and three females) underwent immunoadsorption using adsorber columns specific for human antibodies. Glycine‐washed out eluates of 1.5 L volume were further concentrated by tangential flow filtration using 30 kDa ultrafiltration membranes. The same membranes were applied for diafiltrations to exchange residual glycine for 0.9% normal saline.ResultsAntibody concentrates were obtained within 8 h from the start of donation and had 4.58 ± 1.95, 3.28 ± 1.28 and 2.02 ± 0.92 times higher total IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations, 3.29 ± 1.62 and 3.74 ± 0.6 times higher SARS‐CoV‐2 N and S antibody concentrations and 3.85 ± 1.71 times higher SARS‐CoV‐2 S‐specific IgG concentrations compared to the donors' peripheral blood. The specific SARS‐CoV‐2 virus neutralization capacities increased in all but one concentrate. All antibody concentrates (50–70 mL final volume) passed microbiological tests, were free of hazardous glycine levels and could be stored at −80°C and 4°C for 1 year with 20 ± 3% antibody loss.ConclusionImmunoadsorption followed by tangential flow filtration is a feasible procedure to collect IgG, IgA and IgM as well as SARS‐CoV‐2 N‐ and S‐specific antibody concentrates of low volume, free of albumin and coagulation factors. Whether these concentrates can be used as passive immunisation in infected patients remains to be elucidated.
Parasitic success of the pathogenic plant Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel. (Orobanchaceae) differs in some re‐infected versus naïve tomato cultivars
Authors: Leman Julia K. H. , Brun Guillaume , Rohwedder Hannah M. , Wicke Susann 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlants are exposed to infection and predation by organisms from most kingdoms of life, including their own. Layers of molecular defence mechanisms have evolved to limit damage and disease from microbial and insect pathogens, and plants can also defend themselves against attack by members of their own kingdom. These so‐called parasitic plants attach to and take up nutrients from a host plant. It is not yet known whether parasites belonging to the plant kingdom can elicit a systemic defence response in their hosts, to which they have much more in common molecularly than viruses and fungi. To gain insight as to whether previous infection reduces the susceptibility of a host, we used two successive rounds of infection of the same host plants with the holoparasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa (‘broomrape,’ Orobanchaceae). We tested seven cultivars of tomato, and found that the ‘Moneymaker’ cultivar was re‐infested at a lower rate than its naïve counterpart and, if pre‐infested, supported fewer parasites than other cultivars. We collected tissue for RNA sequencing at the host–parasite interface of two cultivars, ‘Moneymaker’ and ‘Zuckertraube’, the latter of which showed no difference in susceptibility upon reinfection. These data revealed tomato cultivar‐specific transcriptional profiles in the parasite, including the upregulation of several peroxidase genes in parasites infecting ‘Moneymaker’, compared to ‘Zuckertraube’. Furthermore, we detected the upregulation of lignin biosynthesis genes in ‘Moneymaker’ tomato plants when they were pre‐infected with the holoparasitic plant. Together, our data suggest that some tomato cultivars may be naturally able to build up defences against parasitic plant infection. This could be relevant for agriculture, in that cuttings or other forms of vegetative propagation of pre‐infected tomato plants can prime crops to withstand field infestations more effectively.
Synergy of lytic phage pB23 and meropenem combination against carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Luo Jun , Liu Min , Ai Wen , Zheng Xiaoling , Liu Shaowei , Huang Kuo , Zhang Changlin , Li Qianyuan , Luo Chunhua 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Phage-antibiotic combination treatment is a novel noteworthy drug delivery method in anti-infection. In the current study, we have isolated a new phage, pB23, against
carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
2023. Synergistic antibacterial effect between phage pB23 and meropenem combination could be more stable, using moderate doses of phage (multiplicity of infection ranging from 0.1 to 1,000) based on results of
in vitro
antibacterial activity. Phage pB23 and meropenem combination could effectively clear mature biofilms and prevent biofilm formation of carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii in vitro
. Phage pB23 and meropenem combination also has good synergistic antibacterial effects against carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
in different growth phases under static culture conditions. The
pig skin explant model
shows that phage pB23 and meropenem combination has a synergistic effect to remove bacteria from wounds
ex vivo
. Phage pB23 and meropenem combination also exhibited a synergistic antibacterial effect
in vivo
using a zebrafish infection mode. The potential promotion of phage proliferation by meropenem and the sensitivity recovery of phage-resistant bacteria to meropenem might elucidate the mechanism of the synergistic antimicrobial activity. In summary, our study illustrates that phage pB23 and meropenem combination could produce synergistic antibacterial effects against carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
under static growth conditions. This study also demonstrates that phage-antibiotic combination will become an effective strategy to enhance
antibacterial activity
of individual drug and provide a new idea of the drug development for the treatment of infections due to carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
and other multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) replication at the upper respiratory entry site is inhibited by neutralizing EHV-1-specific IgG1 and IgG4/7 mucosal antibodies
Authors: Eady Naya A. , Holmes Camille , Schnabel Christiane , Babasyan Susanna , Wagner Bettina 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is a contagious respiratory pathogen that infects the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract (URT). Mucosal immune responses at the URT provide the first line of defense against EHV-1 and are crucial for orchestrating immunity. To define host-pathogen interactions, we characterized B-cell responses, antibody isotype functions, and EHV-1 replication of susceptible (non-immune) and clinically protected (immune) horses after experimental EHV-1 infection. Nasal secretion and nasal wash samples were collected and used for the isolation of DNA, RNA, and mucosal antibodies. Shedding of infectious virus, EHV-1 copy numbers, viral RNA expression, and host B-cell activation in the URT were compared based on host immune status. Mucosal EHV-1-specific antibody responses were associated with EHV-1 shedding and viral RNA transcription. Finally, mucosal immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA isotypes were purified and tested for neutralizing capabilities. IgG1 and IgG4/7 neutralized EHV-1, while IgG3/5, IgG6, and IgA did not. Immune horses secreted high amounts of mucosal EHV-1-specific IgG4/7 antibodies and quickly upregulated B-cell pathway genes, while EHV-1 was undetected by virus isolation and PCR. RNA transcription analysis reinforced incomplete viral replication in immune horses. In contrast, complete viral replication with high viral copy numbers and shedding of infectious viruses was characteristic for non-immune horses, together with low or absent EHV-1-specific neutralizing antibodies during viral replication. These data confirm that pre-existing mucosal IgG1 and IgG4/7 and rapid B-cell activation upon EHV-1 infection are essential for virus neutralization, regulation of viral replication, and mucosal immunity against EHV-1.

IMPORTANCE
Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) causes respiratory disease, abortion storms, and neurologic outbreaks known as equine herpes myeloencephalopathy (EHM). EHV-1 is transmitted with respiratory secretions by nose-to-nose contact or via fomites. The virus initially infects the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract (URT). Host-pathogen interactions and mucosal immunity at the viral entry site provide the first line of defense against the EHV-1. Robust mucosal immunity can be essential in protecting against EHV-1 and to reduce EHM outbreaks. It has previously been shown that immune horses do not establish cell-associated viremia, the prerequisite for EHM. Here, we demonstrate how mucosal antibodies can prevent the replication of EHV-1 at the epithelium of the URT and, thereby, the progression of the virus to the peripheral blood. The findings improve the mechanistic understanding of mucosal immunity against EHV-1 and can support the development of enhanced diagnostic tools, vaccines against EHM, and the management of EHV-1 outbreaks.