bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experience of pregnancy and early motherhood in women diagnosed with gestational breast cancer
Authors: Ives A. , Musiello T. , Saunders C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective: To explore the psychosocial experiences of pregnancy in women diagnosed with breast cancer during or shortly after pregnancy.Methods: A retrospective qualitative design was employed. Fifteen women who had received a gestational breast cancer (GBC) diagnosis participated in semi‐ structured interviews. The interviews sought to identify the emotional and social issues related to the experiences of pregnancy and motherhood in women diagnosed with gestational breast cancer.Results: Women diagnosed with GBC experience difficulties in adjusting to two different and conflicting life events; the threat of their breast cancer alongside the news of their pregnancy. They have to make difficult decisions that impact on their own life, the life of their foetus/new baby and that of their existing family. Women who received a GBC diagnosis reported high levels of anxiety and stress, which pervaded their whole GBC experience. Women reported their anxiety was linked to the conflict between the concern for their baby's health and the concern for their own health and wellbeing.Conclusions: Women diagnosed with GBC attributed different meanings to their experience of pregnancy and motherhood and made choices based on their own beliefs, values and how complete they believed their family was. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Go Away Little Girl: Gender, Race, and Controversy in the Vietnam Veterans Memorial
Authors: Theriault Kim S. 
Published: April 2011

It's remarkably simple, really.Constructed in 1982, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, generally referred to as the “Wall,” consists of two black granite wings, each almost 250 feet long, which meet at an obtuse angle that is submerged into the landscape of the National Mall, a green space between the Lincoln and Washington Memorials and some distance behind White House, in Washington, D.C. The form of the Wall, designed by Maya Ying Lin, is minimalist in nature, not only because it includes the right angles, hard edges, shiny surface, and repeated increments of Minimalism, but because even though it is a war memorial, unlike most, its only ornament and representation is the seemingly endless list of 58,226 names of American service men and women killed in Vietnam.
Anti-American Studies
Authors: Lott Eric 
Published: April 2011

That Todd Gitlin, one of the leaders of the anti-Vietnam War movement in the 1960s, should have about-faced with regard to early millennial U.S. imperial ventures is one of the defining acts of our intellectual moment. In aNew York Timesop-ed piece in September of 2002, Gitlin wrote,The American left … had its version of unilateralism. Responsibility for the [September 11] attacks had, somehow, to lie with American imperialism, because all responsibility has to lie with American imperialism — a perfect echo of the right's idea that all good powers are and should be somehow American. Intellectuals and activists on the far left could not be troubled much with compassion or defense…. Knowing little about Al Qaeda, they filed it under Anti-Imperialism, and American attacks on the Taliban under Vietnam Quagmire. For them, not flying the flag became an urgent cause…. Post-Vietnam liberals have an opening now, freed of our 60s flag anxiety and our reflexive negativity, to embrace a liberal patriotism that is unapologetic and uncowed.Here, any sense of hesitancy about a war on “terror” is ascribed to a loony left; U.S. imperialism, if it isn't seen as some left fabrication, seems peculiarly untroubling to Gitlin. Indeed, the publication in which his op-ed appeared had published a couple of months earlier (in theNew York Times Magazine) an essay by Harvard's Professor of Human Rights Policy [sic] Michael Ignatieff proclaiming imperialism a necessary national exercise: “Imperialism used to be the white man's burden. This gave it a bad reputation. But imperialism doesn't stop being necessary because it is politically incorrect.” This, together with Gitlin's call for a “liberal patriotism,” is pitched against what Gitlin elsewhere, in redolent terminology, names the “reflexive anti-Americanism” to be found “on campuses and in coastal cities, in circles where reality checks are scarce.”
Anthropological Fictions: On Character, Culture, and Sexuality in the Work of Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, and Virginia Woolf
Authors: Engber Kimberly 
Published: April 2011

In January 1932, anthropologist Ruth Benedict writes a letter to her colleague Margaret Mead on fieldwork in New Guinea, bringing Mead up to date on the health of “Papa” Franz Boas. Boas, the academic mentor that Benedict and Mead shared at Columbia University, acts as only the momentary locus for their continuing exchange about life and work and the relationship between the two. After giving “her hospital report,” Benedict turns eagerly to another conversation with Mead, asking, “Did you likeThe Waves? And did you keep thinking how you'd set down everybody you knew in a similar fashion? I did. I suppose I'm disappointed that she didn't include any violent temperaments, and I want my group of persons to be more varied” (Mead,Anthropologist at Work, 318). Focusing on the depiction of characters in Virginia Woolf's 1931 novelThe Waves, Benedict presents modernist fiction as a model for ethnography. However, she completely avoids the literary termcharacterin her discussion of Woolf, a particularly odd omission since Benedict had majored in English at Vassar College and since she and Mead regularly exchanged novels and their own poetry in letters.Ruth Benedict's reading ofThe Waveshas been cited as evidence of her tendency toward a vaguely “poetic” anthropology, an argument that tends to separate the aesthetic from the sociopolitical in both Benedict and Woolf. In this essay, I consider Benedict's reading of Woolf, together with Margaret Mead's subsequent response, as evidence of a shared critical engagement with character, culture, and sexuality in the early 20th century.
Boys' and Girls' High School: Art and Politics in the Civil Rights Era
Authors: Cohen Michele 
Published: April 2011

The story of public art in the United States is also the story of American democratic institutions. Our public schools in particular, malleable and shifting under changing societal expectations, provide clues about the nature of our educational enterprise in their very design and the commissioned art that enhances them. In New York City, home to the nation's largest public school system and one of the first, art in schools is a barometer of aesthetic preferences and a measure of larger social issues. The constellation of events that led to the decentralization of New York City's schools in 1970 also led to the creation of an outstanding collection of work by African-American artists at Brooklyn's Boys' and Girls' High School.Better known for its athletics and as the school that hosted Nelson Mandela than for its public art, Boys' and Girls' High School first opened its doors as the Central School, with a Girls' department on Nostrand Avenue and a Boys' department on Court Street. In 1886, the Girls' department moved into a new building on Nostrand Avenue and in September 1890 school officials changed the official organization of the school to two schools, with Girls' High School on Nostrand Avenue (with added wings under construction) and Boys'High School (under construction) on Marcy Avenue. By 1960, efforts were under way to build a replacement school. The planning of the new Boys' and Girls' High School coincided with the fight by New York City minority groups for local school control, and the commissioning of art for the new building was paradigmatic of this struggle.
Effect of Fusarium toxin‐contaminated triticale and forage‐to‐concentrate ratio on fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen
Authors: Hildebrand B. , Boguhn J. , Dänicke S. , Rodehutscord M. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryIn this study, the effect of Fusarium toxin‐contaminated triticale (FUS) at high (60%) and low (30%) concentrate proportion in ruminant rations on ruminal fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and digestibility was investigated, using in vivo and in vitro methods. Significant effects of the forage‐to‐concentrate ratio on ruminal degradation and digestibility of crude nutrients and detergent fibre fractions as well as on the pH value and the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in rumen fluid were found. The production of SCFA was affected, and the degradation of crude fibre and neutral detergent fibre in the rumen was reduced by the inclusion of FUS at high concentrate proportion. The efficiency of microbial crude protein synthesis was higher in diets with 60% than in diets with 30% concentrates, but was impaired in the presence of FUS in vitro at the high concentrate level. Marginal effects of FUS on the amino acid pattern of microbial protein were detected. It was concluded that the use of FUS in high concentrate diets can influence ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis at a dietary deoxynivalenol concentration below 5 mg/kg dry matter.
Randomized controlled trial of virtual reality and hybrid simulation for robotic surgical training
Authors: Feifer Andrew , Al‐Ammari Adel , Kovac Evan , Delisle Josee , Carrier Serge , Anidjar Maurice 
Published: April 2011

Study Type – Therapy (outcomes research)Level of Evidence 2cOBJECTIVE
To evaluate if two commonly used laparoscopic simulators could be adapted and used successfully for the robotics platform in a laparoscopic and roboticnaïve medical student population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We identified two widely validated laparoscopic simulation programs, LapSim® (Surgical Science Sweden AB), and ProMIS® (Haptica, Ireland)for inclusion in the study. The McGill Inanimate System for Training and Evaluation of Laparoscopic Skills® task set was used for ProMIS, and adapted for the DaVinci® console (Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) robotic platform.
We then randomized 20 naïve medical students to receive training on either LapSimor ProMIS, both or neither, and evaluated them beforeand aftertraining.
RESULTS
When the groups were compared at baseline, there were no statistical differences in mean scores amongst the groups in univariate analysis (α= 0.05).
Whencomparing mean scores within groups before and after training sessions, statistically significant performance enhancement in all four robotic tasks were identified in the groups receiving dual training.
CONCLUSION
We have shownthat the use of ProMIS hybrid and LapSimvirtual reality (VR) simulators in conjunction with each other can considerable improve robotic console performance in novice medical students compared with hybrid and VR simulation alone.
Getting Trapped in the Suppression of Exploration: A Simulation Model
Authors: Walrave Bob , van Oorschot Kim E. , Romme A. Georges L. 
Published: April 2011

abstractThe benefits of strategically balancing exploitation and exploration are well documented in the literature. Nonetheless, many firms tend to overemphasize exploitation efforts, a situation commonly referred to as the ‘success trap’. Previous studies have attributed this behaviour to managerial incompetence or myopia. However, some management teams appear to adequately recognize the exploration need, while not being able to bring about the required strategic change. We draw on system dynamics modelling to investigate this phenomenon. A simulation model is developed and then the behaviour of a selected firm is replicated to uncover the underlying processes. As such, we develop a process theory of the success trap at the managerial level, coined the ‘suppression process’. This process theory describes and explains how the interplay between top managers, board members, and exploitation–exploration activities can trap the firm in the suppression of exploration.
Drug‐induced bullous pemphigoid in diabetes mellitus patients receiving dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitors plus metformin
Authors: Skandalis K. , Spirova M. , Gaitanis G. , Tsartsarakis A. , Bassukas I.D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground  Preclinical data and reports of adverse skin reactions in patients treated with dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitors (gliptins) have increased awareness towards skin‐targeting side‐effects of these anti‐hyperglycaemic drugs. Bullous pemphigoid (BP), sometimes drug‐induced, is the most commonly acquired autoimmune blistering dermatosis in western countries, typically a disease of the elderly people with significant morbidity and excess mortality.Objective  To report the development of BP in five diabetics under gliptin (4 vildagliptin, 1 sitagliptin) plus metformin in fixed‐dose drug combinations.Case reports  From March to August 2010 six out of nine newly diagnosed BP patients in our Department were type 2 diabetics. Five of them were on gliptin plus metformin (three different trade preparations) for 2–13 months prior to BP onset. In all cases BP was controlled after withdrawal of the suspected medication and relatively mild therapeutic interventions. In two cases the eliciting role of the preceding treatment is supported by evidence at the level ‘probable/likely’ according to the WHO‐UMC algorithm.Conclusions  This is the first report of drug‐induced BP as a group adverse event of the gliptins plus metformin combination therapy for glycaemia control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Ozone inhalation activates stress‐responsive regions of the CNS
Authors: Gackière Florian , Saliba Layal , Baude Agnès , Bosler Olivier , Strube Caroline 
Published: April 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 117, 961–972.AbstractOzone (O3), a major component of air pollution, has considerable impact on public health. Besides the well‐described respiratory tract inflammation and dysfunctions, there is accumulating evidence indicating that O3 exposure affects brain functions. However, the mechanisms through which O3 exerts toxic effects on the brain remain poorly understood. This work aimed at precisely characterizing CNS neuronal activation after O3 inhalation using Fos staining in adult rat. We showed that, together with lung inflammation, O3 exposure caused a sustained time‐ and dose‐dependent neuronal activation in the dorsolateral regions of the nucleus tractus solitarius overlapping terminal fields of lung afferents running in vagus nerves. Furthermore, we highlighted neuronal activation in interconnected central structures such as the caudal ventrolateral medulla, the parabrachial nucleus, the central nucleus of the amygdala, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. In contrast, we did not detect any neuronal activation in the thoracic spinal cord where lung afferents running in spinal nerves terminate. Overall, our results demonstrate that O3 challenge evokes a lung inflammation that induces the activation of nucleus tractus solitarius neurons through the vagus nerves and promotes neuronal activation in stress‐responsive regions of the CNS.
Factors of importance for self‐reported mental health and depressive symptoms among ages 60–75 in urban Iran and Sweden
Authors: Momeni Pardis , Wettergren Lena , Tessma Mesfin , Maddah Sadat , Emami Azita 
Published: April 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 696–705Factors of importance for self‐reported mental health and depressive symptoms among ages 60–75 in urban Iran and SwedenBackground:  Depression is a common experience affecting 121 million people around the world. In high income countries, depression is one of the most common psychiatric conditions among the elderly. Studies show that immigrants are particularly at risk for mental ill health.Aim:  This study investigates the self‐reported mental health among two Iranian groups; one born and residing in Iran and one consisting of Iranian immigrants in Sweden, as well as native Swedes living in Sweden. The study also aims to explore and compare self‐reported depressive symptoms among three groups.Methods:  This study is based on a cross‐sectional design measuring self‐reported health with a study specific questionnaire. The programme SPSS V.17.0 was used for all statistical analyses.Findings:  1088 participants were approached (668 Iranians in Iran; 105 immigrated Iranians in Sweden; and 305 Swedes in Sweden). Factors effecting self‐reported mental health was self‐reported health, smoking, satisfaction with social life and also a sense of connection to ones cultural roots and traditions. Also demographic variables such as group belonging (Swedes vs. Iranians), sex and satisfaction with Income were shown to be important when performing the regression analysis. In the chi‐square analysis the Iranian samples reported depressive symptoms to a larger extent than the Swedish group in all aspects of self‐reported depressive symptoms. Self‐reported depressive symptoms were reported to a greater extend in women compared to men. Our findings indicate that the Iranian populations living in both Tehran and Stockholm report depressive symptoms to an extent that merits concern. The findings indicate that Iranians living in Tehran and Iranians who have immigrated to Sweden require more attention regarding mental health care. Health care providers in both countries should be aware of the current state of mental health among Iranians in both Sweden and Iran.
Adiponectin and cardiovascular health: an update
Authors: Hui Xiaoyan , Lam Karen SL , Vanhoutte Paul M , Xu Aimin 
Published: April 2011

The global epidemic of obesity is accompanied by an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in particular stroke and heart attack. Dysfunctional adipose tissue links obesity to CVD by secreting a multitude of bioactive lipids and pro‐inflammatory factors (adipokines) with detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system. Adiponectin is one of the few adipokines that possesses multiple salutary effects on insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular health. Clinical investigations have identified adiponectin deficiency (hypoadiponectinaemia) as an independent risk factor for CVD. In animals, elevation of plasma adiponectin by either pharmacological or genetic approaches alleviates obesity‐induced endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, and also prevents atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, many therapeutic benefits of the peroxisome‐proliferator activated receptor gamma agonists, the thiazolidinediones, are mediated by induction of adiponectin. Adiponectin protects cardiovascular health through its vasodilator, anti‐apoptotic, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative activities in both cardiac and vascular cells. This review summarizes recent findings in the understanding of the physiological role and clinical relevance of adiponectin in cardiovascular health, and in the identification of the receptor and postreceptor signalling events that mediate the cardiovascular actions of adiponectin. It also discusses adiponectin‐targeted drug discovery strategies for treating obesity, diabetes and CVD.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Fat and Vascular Responsiveness. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue‐3
Preclinical stroke research – advantages and disadvantages of the most common rodent models of focal ischaemia
Authors: Macrae IM 
Published: April 2011

This review describes the most commonly used rodent models and outcome measures in preclinical stroke research and discusses their strengths and limitations. Most models involve permanent or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion with therapeutic agents tested for their ability to reduce stroke‐induced infarcts and improve neurological deficits. Many drugs have demonstrated preclinical efficacy but, other than thrombolytics, which restore blood flow, none have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials. This failure to translate efficacy from bench to bedside is discussed alongside achievable steps to improve the ability of preclinical research to predict clinical efficacy: (i) Improvements in study quality and reporting. Study design must include randomization, blinding and predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria, and journal editors have the power to ensure statements on these and mortality data are included in preclinical publications. (ii) Negative and neutral studies must be published to enable preclinical meta‐analyses and systematic reviews to more accurately predict drug efficacy in man. (iii) Preclinical groups should work within networks and agree on standardized procedures for assessing final infarct and functional outcome. This will improve research quality, timeliness and translational capacity. (iv) Greater uptake and improvements in non‐invasive diagnostic imaging to detect and study potentially salvageable penumbral tissue, the target for acute neuroprotection. Drug effects on penumbra lifespan studied serially, followed by assessment of behavioural outcome and infarct within in the same animal group, will increase the power to detect drug efficacy preclinically. Similar progress in detecting drug efficacy clinically will follow from patient recruitment into acute stroke trials based on evidence of remaining penumbra.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Translational Neuropharmacology. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.164.issue‐4
Behind the curtain: cellular mechanisms for allosteric modulation of calcium‐sensing receptors
Authors: Cavanaugh Alice , Huang Ying , Breitwieser Gerda E 
Published: April 2011

Calcium‐sensing receptors (CaSR) are integral to regulation of systemic Ca2+ homeostasis. Altered expression levels or mutations in CaSR cause Ca2+ handling diseases. CaSR is regulated by both endogenous allosteric modulators and allosteric drugs, including the first Food and Drug Administration‐approved allosteric agonist, Cinacalcet HCl (Sensipar®). Recent studies suggest that allosteric modulators not only alter function of plasma membrane‐localized CaSR, but regulate CaSR stability at the endoplasmic reticulum. This brief review summarizes our current understanding of the role of membrane‐permeant allosteric agonists in cotranslational stabilization of CaSR, and highlights additional, indirect, signalling‐dependent role(s) for membrane‐impermeant allosteric drugs. Overall, these studies suggest that allosteric drugs act at multiple cellular organelles to control receptor abundance and hence function, and that drug hydrophobicity can bias the relative contributions of plasma membrane and intracellular organelles to CaSR abundance and signalling.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on the Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue‐6. To view the 2010 themed section on the same topic visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.2010.159.issue‐5/issuetoc