bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Length-Based Reference Points for Data-Limited Situations: Applications and Restrictions
Authors: Cope Jason M. , Punt André E. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Current fisheries management policies generally require an assessment of stock status, which is a difficult task when population and fisheries data are limited. Three simple metrics based on catch length compositions (i.e., that reflect exclusive take of mature individuals, P mat; that consist primarily of fish of optimal size, the size at which the highest yield from a cohort occurs, P opt; and that demonstrate the conservation of large, mature individuals, P mega) can be used to monitor population status relative to exploitation. The metrics (collectively referred to as Px) were intended to avoid growth and recruitment overfishing, but there was no quantitative linkage to stock status and calculation of future sustainable catches. We attempt to make this connection by exploring the relationship of Px measures to fishing mortality and spawning biomass (SB). The relationships are compared specifically to the current target reference point (0.4 times the virgin, or unfished, SB [SB0]) and limit reference point (0.25SB0) used for the U.S. West Coast groundfish fishery by using simulations based on a deterministic age-structured population dynamics model. Sensitivity to fishery selectivity, life history traits, and recruitment compensation (steepness) is explored. Each Px measure showed a wide range of possible values depending on fishery selectivity, steepness, and the ratio of the length at maturity (L mat) to the optimal fishing length (L opt). Although the values of Px may be compatible with sustainable fishing, these values are not always sufficient to ensure stock protection from overfishing. Moreover, values for Px cannot be interpreted adequately without knowledge of the selectivity pattern. A new measure, P obj (the sum of P mat, P opt, and P mega), is introduced to distinguish selectivity patterns and construct a decision tree for development of stock status indicators. Heuristic indicator values are presented to demonstrate the utility of this approach. Although several caveats remain, this approach builds on the recommendations of previous literature by giving further guidance related to interpreting catch length composition data under variable fishery conditions without collecting additional information. It also provides a link to developing harvest control rules that inform proactive fisheries management under data-limited conditions.
Traumatic Flap Striae 6 Years After LASIK: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ursea Roxana , Feng Matthew T. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose:To report a case of traumatic flap striae without flap dislocation 6 years after LASIK and provide a literature review of surgical flap striae, late traumatic flap striae, and their management.Methods:A 28-year-old man presented with late traumatic flap striae without concurrent flap dislocation, which closely approximated the longest reported interval between LASIK and the development of flap striae.Results:In the absence of flap dislocation, the finding of striae alone was subtle and went undetected initially. The flap was successfully refloated, stretched, and smoothed with recovery of 20/20 vision.Conclusions:Traumatic LASIK flap complications may occur many years after the original procedure. This report presents the first case of late traumatic flap striae without concurrent flap dislocation. Proper management can restore good visual function.
Pediatric Nurses’ Perceptions of Obstacles and Supportive Behaviors in End-of-Life Care
Authors: Beckstrand Renea L. , Rawle Nicole L. , Callister Lynn , Mandleco Barbara L. 
Published: December 2009

BackgroundEach year 55 000 children die in the United States, and most of these deaths occur in hospitals. The barriers and supportive behaviors in providing end-of-life care to children should be determined.ObjectiveTo determine pediatric intensive care unit nurses’ perceptions of sizes, frequencies, and magnitudes of selected obstacles and helpful behaviors in providing end-of-life care to children.MethodA national sample of 1047 pediatric intensive care unit nurses who were members of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses were surveyed. A 76-item questionnaire adapted from 3 similar surveys with critical care, emergency, and oncology nurses was mailed to possible participants. Nurses who did not respond to the first mailing were sent a second mailing. Nurses were asked to rate the size and frequency of listed obstacles and supportive behaviors in caring for children at the end of life.ResultsA total of 474 usable questionnaires were received from 985 eligible respondents (return rate, 48%). The 2 items with the highest perceived obstacle magnitude scores for size and frequency means were language barriers and parental discomfort in withholding and/or withdrawing mechanical ventilation. The highest supportive behavior item was allowing time alone with the child when he or she has died.ConclusionsPediatric intensive care unit nurses play a vital role in caring for dying children and the children’s families. Overcoming language and communication barriers with children’s families and between interdisciplinary team members could greatly improve the end-of-life experience for dying children.
Current Practices for Withdrawal of Life Support in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Kirchhoff Karin T. , Kowalkowski Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2009

BackgroundNurses are present at the bedside of patients undergoing withdrawal of life support more often than any other member of the health care team, yet most publications on this topic are directed at physicians.ObjectivesTo describe the training, guidance, and support related to withdrawal of life support received by nurses in intensive care units in the United States, how the nurses participated, and how the withdrawal of life support occurred.MethodsA questionnaire about withdrawal of life support was sent to 1000 randomly selected members of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, with 2 follow-up mailings.ResultsResponses were received from 48.4% of the nurses surveyed. Content on withdrawal of life support was required in only 15.5% of respondents’ basic nursing education and was absent from work site orientations for 63.1% of respondents. Nurses’ actions during withdrawal were most often guided by individual physician’s orders (63.8%), followed by standardized care plans (20%) and standing orders (11.8%). Nurses rated the importance of emotional support during and after the withdrawal of life support very highly, but they did not believe they were receiving that level of support. Most respondents (87.5%) participated in family conferences where withdrawal of life support was discussed. After physicians, nurses were most influential concerning administration of palliative medications. Patients’ families were present during withdrawal procedures between 32.3% and 58.4% of the time.ConclusionsTo improve their practice, intensive care nurses should receive formal training on withdrawal of life support, and institutions should develop best practices that support nurses in providing the highest quality care for patients undergoing this procedure.
Recruitment and Differentiation of Conventional Dendritic Cell Precursors in Tumors
Authors: Diao Jun , Zhao Jun , Winter Erin , Cattral Mark S. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The origin of dendritic cells (DCs) in tumors remains obscure. Recent studies indicate that conventional DCs (cDCs) in lymphoid tissues arise from a distinct population of committed cDC precursors (pre-cDCs) that originate in bone marrow and migrate via blood. In this study, we show that pre-cDCs are precursors for cDCs in tumors. Pre-cDCs from tumors, bone marrow, and spleen exhibit similar morphologic, immunophenotypic, and functional properties. Adoptive transfer studies show that bone marrow pre-cDCs migrate from blood into the tumor where they generate cDCs. The chemokine CCL3, which is markedly upregulated in tumors, promotes pre-cDC recruitment. Both pre-cDCs and their cDC progeny actively proliferate within the tumor. cDCs that arise from pre-cDCs in tumors express lower levels of CD11c and MHC class II as compared with those in spleen; however, there was no difference in their abilities to respond to maturation stimuli or activate Ag-specific lymphocytes in vitro. Our study provides the first evidence supporting a role for pre-cDCs in DC development in tumors and suggests a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
Polymorphisms in CRHR1 and the serotonin transporter loci: Gene × Gene × Environment interactions on depressive symptoms
Authors: Ressler Kerry J. , Bradley Bekh , Mercer Kristina B. , Deveau Todd C. , Smith Alicia K. , Gillespie Charles F. , Nemeroff Charles B. , Cubells Joseph F. , Binder Elisabeth B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGene × environment (G × E) interactions mediating depressive symptoms have been separately identified in the stress‐sensitive serotonergic (5‐HTTLPR) and corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRHR1) systems. Our objective was to examine whether the effects of child abuse are moderated by gene × gene (G × G) interactions between CRHR1 and 5‐HTTLPR polymorphisms. We used an association study examining G × G × E interactions of CRHR1 and 5‐HTTLPR polymorphisms and measures of child abuse on adult depressive symptomatology. The participant population (N = 1,392) was African‐American, of low socioeconomic status (60% with <$1,000/month family income), and with high rates of childhood and lifetime trauma. Depressive symptoms were measured with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and history of Major Depression by Structure Clinical Interview based on DSM‐IV (SCID). We first replicated an interaction of child abuse and 5‐HTTLPR on lifetime SCID diagnosis of major depression in a subsample (N = 236) of the study population—the largest African‐American 5‐HTTLPR cohort reported to date. We then extended our previously reported interaction with both a CRHR1 SNP (rs110402) and TCA haplotype interacting with child abuse to predict current symptoms (N = 1,059; P = 0.0089). We found that the 5‐HTTLPR S allele interacted with CRHR1 haplotypes and child abuse to predict current depressive symptoms (N = 856, P = 0.016). These data suggest that G × E interactions predictive of depressive symptoms may be differentially sensitive to levels of childhood trauma, and the effects of child abuse are moderated by genetic variation at both the CRHR1 and 5‐HTTLPR loci and by their G × G interaction. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An alternative CuCl–piperidine‐catalyzed oxidative homocoupling of terminal alkynes affording 1,3‐diynes in air
Authors: Zheng Qingwei , Hua Ruimao , Wan Youzhi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCuCl with the use of a catalytic amount of piperidine as additive shows high catalytic activity for the oxidative homocoupling reactions of terminal alkynes in toluene at 60 °C in air to afford 1,3‐diynes in high yields. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autism spectrum and obsessive–compulsive disorders: OC behaviors, phenotypes and genetics
Authors: Jacob Suma , Landeros‐Weisenberger Angeli , Leckman James F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a phenotypically and etiologically heterogeneous set of disorders that include obsessive–compulsive behaviors (OCB) that partially overlap with symptoms associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The OCB seen in ASD vary depending on the individual's mental and chronological age as well as the etiology of their ASD. Although progress has been made in the measurement of the OCB associated with ASD, more work is needed including the potential identification of heritable endophenotypes. Likewise, important progress toward the understanding of genetic influences in ASD has been made by greater refinement of relevant phenotypes using a broad range of study designs, including twin and family‐genetic studies, parametric and nonparametric linkage analyses, as well as candidate gene studies and the study of rare genetic variants. These genetic analyses could lead to the refinement of the OCB phenotypes as larger samples are studied and specific associations are replicated. Like ASD, OCB are likely to prove to be multidimensional and polygenic. Some of the vulnerability genes may prove to be generalist genes influencing the phenotypic expression of both ASD and OCD while others will be specific to subcomponents of the ASD phenotype. In order to discover molecular and genetic mechanisms, collaborative approaches need to generate shared samples, resources, novel genomic technologies, as well as more refined phenotypes and innovative statistical approaches. There is a growing need to identify the range of molecular pathways involved in OCB related to ASD in order to develop novel treatment interventions.
Resampling in Multiple‐Dose Factorial Designs
Authors: Frommolt Peter , Hellmich Martin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMultiple‐dose factorial designs may provide confirmatory evidence that (fixed) combination drugs are superior to either component drug alone. Moreover, a useful and safe range of dose combinations may be identified. In our study, we focus on (A) adjustments of the overall significance level made necessary by multiple testing, (B) improvement of conventional statistical methods with respect to power, distributional assumptions and dimensionality, and (C) construction of corresponding simultaneous confidence intervals. We propose novel resampling algorithms, which in a simple way take the correlation of multiple test statistics into account, thus improving power. Moreover, these algorithms can easily be extended to combinations of more than two component drugs and binary outcome data. Published data summaries from a blood pressure reduction trial are analysed and presented as a worked example. An implementation of the proposed methods is available online as an R package.
“Over‐and‐under” pericardial covered stent with paclitaxel balloon in a saphenous vein graft
Authors: Wykrzykowska Joanna J. , Gutiérrez‐Chico Juan Luis , van Geuns Robert‐Jan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTreatment of vein graft disease remains a challenge in interventional cardiology because of the risk of embolization and no‐reflow phenomenon. Currently available distal protection devices have their limitations. The PTFE‐covered stents may be well suited for venous graft lesion treatment, but those available commercially to date have poor crossing profiles, and deliverability and high rates of restenosis. We report the first use of over‐and‐under pericardium‐covered stent in combination with drug‐eluting balloon to treat venous graft disease. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complexation and Dynamic Switching Properties of Fluorophore‐Appended Resorcin[4]arene Cavitands
Authors: Shirtcliff Laura D. , Xu Hai , Diederich François 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFluorophore‐appended resorcin[4]arene‐based cavitands having pyrene (2) and anthracene (3) moieties attached to the rims were prepared by short synthetic routes. Both undergo reversible temperature‐ and acid‐ (CF3COOD) induced vase → kite switching as evidenced by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The 1H NMR spectra also suggest that suitably sized solvents, such as [D8]toluene, efficiently solvate the cavity, reducing the conformational flexibility. In [D12]mesitylene, both cavitands undergo remarkably stable host‐guest inclusion complexation with cycloalkanes. The larger cavity of 3 preferentially hosts cyclohexane, whereas the smaller cavity of 2 forms the most stable complex with cyclopentane. The propensity for the cavitands to facilitate π–π stacking between the chromophores was confirmed by both 1H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. The interchromophoric interaction is strongly solvent‐dependent: π–π stacking between the pyrene moieties of 2 is not as efficient in [D8]toluene, as it solvates the inner cavity and prevents the two chromophores from approaching each other. Fluorescence studies revealed an unexpectedly large conformational flexibility of the cavitand structures both in the vase and kite forms, which was further confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations. Excimer formation is most preferred in [D12]mesitylene when the cavities are empty, whereas efficient solvation or guest binding in the interior spaces reduces the propensity for excimer formation. The observed high conformational flexibility of the cavitands in solution explains previous differences from the behavior of related systems in the solid state. This study shows that the rigid, perfect vase and kite geometries found for bridged resorcin[4]arene cavitands in the solid state are largely a result of crystal packing effects and that the conformational flexibility of the structures in solution is rather high.
Discretizing two‐dimensional complex fractured fields for incompressible two‐phase flow
Authors: Mustapha Hussein , Dimitrakopoulos Roussos 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA method is introduced to discretize irregular and complex two‐dimensional fractured media. The geometry of the fractured media is first analysed by searching and treating the complex configurations. Based on that, the method generated a good mesh quality and allows for including finer grids. An incompressible two‐phase flow problem is solved to compare the developed method and a public method based on the approximation of a 1D fracture by the edges of a 2D finite element grid of the porous media. The comparison showed that the developed method (i) represents better the fractured domain by maintaining the geometric integrity of input surfaces and geologic data, (ii) provides, for sample and complex fractured domains, excellent and more accurate results, and (iii) is much less sensitive to the grid sizes. Furthermore, the method has to be more efficient than the other methods for transport problems and has to provide better predictable results; this is mainly based on point (ii) and because the method produces optimal triangular grids. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction in drag and vortex shedding frequency through porous sheath around a circular cylinder
Authors: Bhattacharyya S. , Singh A. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA numerical study on the laminar vortex shedding and wake flow due to a porous‐wrapped solid circular cylinder has been made in this paper. The cylinder is horizontally placed, and is subjected to a uniform cross flow. The aim is to control the vortex shedding and drag force through a thin porous wrapper around a solid cylinder. The flow field is investigated for a wide range of Reynolds number in the laminar regime. The flow in the porous zone is governed by the Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer extended model and the Navier–Stokes equations in the fluid region. A control volume approach is adopted for computation of the governing equations along with a second‐order upwind scheme, which is used to discretize the convective terms inside the fluid region. The inclusion of a thin porous wrapper produces a significant reduction in drag and damps the oscillation compared with a solid cylinder. Dependence of Strouhal number and drag coefficient on porous layer thickness at different Reynolds number is analyzed. The dependence of Strouhal number and drag on the permeability of the medium is also examined. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homotopy perturbation method to obtain new solitary solutions with compact support for Boussinesq‐like B(2n, 2n) equations with fully nonlinear dispersion
Authors: Yıldırım Ahmet , Gülkanat Yağmur 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to obtain new solitary solutions with compact support for Boussinesq‐like B(2n, 2n) equations with fully nonlinear dispersion using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The special case B(2, 2) is chosen to illustrate the concrete scheme of the HPM in B(2n, 2n) equations. General formulas for the solutions of B(2n, 2n) equations are established. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interpretation of treatment outcome in the clinically node‐negative neck in primary parotid carcinoma: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Valstar Matthijs H. , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. , Smeele Ludwig E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundCritical evaluation of outcome of primary parotid carcinoma treatment is limited by pathologic diversity and low incidence numbers. Scientific evidence for the optimal management of the N0‐neck is scarce and was, therefore, investigated in a systematic literature review.MethodsThe articles included were published in English between 1997 and 2007 and describe populations with the definitive pathology, staging, and treatment. Of 1104 articles, 19 were selected, describing 2703 patients.ResultsOf eligible populations, 83% were clinically N0. Pathology reporting of elective lymph node dissection (ELND) had limitations, but 23% showed occult metastases. Regional recurrence occurred in 5% of patients.ConclusionThe discrepancy between the relatively high percentage of occult metastases and reported low regional recurrence rates may indicate the efficacy of treatment, being either ELND or radiotherapy of the neck. Pooling, standardized collection, and reporting of data are essential in comparing outcomes in populations to determine optimal treatment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
A green and efficient synthesis of 3,3′‐arylidenebis[4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2(1H)‐3‐pyridinone]s in water under microwave irradiation
Authors: Shi Feng , Cao Longji , Ma Ning , Zhang Ge , Chen Rongshun , Zhang Yajie , Tu Shujiang 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA series of 3,3′‐arylidenebis[4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2(1H)‐3‐pyridinone]s were synthesized via three‐component reactions of aromatic aldehydes, 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one, and ammonium acetate in water under microwave irradiation. This method has the advantages of environmental friendliness, short reaction time, high yields, and easy operation. This efficient synthesis not only offers an economical and green synthetic strategy to this class of significant compounds but also enriches the investigations on microwave‐assisted synthesis in water. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
An efficient one‐pot synthesis of some new 2,4‐diaryl pyrido[3,2‐c]coumarins as potent antimicrobial agents
Authors: Dawane Bhaskar S. , Konda Shankaraiah G. , Bodade Ragini G. , Bhosale Raghunath B. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
magnified imagePoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG‐400) has been used as sustainable, nonvolatile, and environmental friendly reaction solvent for the synthesis of title compounds. Various diaryl pyrido[3,2‐c]coumarins have been synthesized in one step by reacting 4‐hydroxy‐7‐methyl‐coumarin with α,β‐unsaturated ketones in the presence of ammonium acetate. Further, in vitro antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) activities of the compounds were screened against different pathogens. The results revealed that most of them showed potent activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Chiral stationary phases for separation of intermedine and lycopsamine enantiomers from Symphytum uplandicum
Authors: Pawar Rahul S. , Grundel Erich , Mazzola Eugene , White Kevin D. , Krynitsky Alexander J. , Rader Jeanne I. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEnantioseparation of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid isomers intermedine and lycopsamine, isolated from Symphytum uplandicum, is discussed. The separatory power of two immobilized carbohydrate‐based chiral HPLC columns, Chiralpak IA and IC, in different chromatographic conditions is compared. The study demonstrated the importance of solvent and column selection while developing such chiral HPLC separation methods. The baseline HPLC separation of the two alkaloid isomers in preparatory scale is reported for the first time. The optimized separations were achieved on a Chiralpak IA column with mobile phases of ACN/methanol (80:20) and methanol/methyl‐t‐butyl ether (90:10), both containing 0.1% diethylamine.