bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pointwise error estimates of the bilinear SDFEM on Shishkin meshes
Authors: Zhang Jin , Mei Liquan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA model singularly perturbed convection–diffusion problem in two space dimensions is considered. The problem is solved by a streamline diffusion finite element method (SDFEM) that uses piecewise bilinear finite elements on a Shishkin mesh. We prove that the method is convergent, independently of the diffusion parameter ε, with a pointwise accuracy of almost order 11/8 outside and inside the boundary layers. Numerical experiments support these theoretical results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
The HLD‐NAC Model for Extended Surfactant Microemulsions
Authors: Acosta Edgar J. , Kiran Sumit K. , Hammond Charles E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIt has been confirmed that the structure of the alkyl group of an extended surfactant plays an important role in defining its interfacial properties. Alkyl groups containing a higher degree of β‐branching (C2‐branching) produce microemulsions with a larger characteristic length (ξ, the extent of solubilization in middle phases). This effect is explained on the basis that β‐branching increases the hydrophobicity of the surfactant and decreases the optimal salinity of the microemulsion. Higher salinities produce a dehydration of the surfactant groups that lead to shorter extent of the interactions with the oil and the water. Larger characteristic lengths are desirable if the objective of the formulation is obtaining greater solubilization of oil and water, and lower interfacial tensions. Large characteristic lengths are, in most cases, associated with high interfacial rigidities, which are undesirable if rapid coalescence is required. However, mixtures of branched and linear extended surfactants produce large characteristic lengths and lower interfacial rigidities. The HLD‐NAC model is able to reflect the experimental trends in solubilization of oil and water. The differences between the predictions of the model for the solubilization of oil and water in Type I and II formulations, respectively, highlight the complexities in the conformation of extended surfactants, particularly their PO groups, at oil–water interfaces and the need for advanced scattering techniques to evaluate these conformations.
Inflammation, organomegaly, and muscle wasting despite hyperphagia in a mouse model of burn cachexia
Authors: Pedroso Felipe E. , Spalding Paul B. , Cheung Michael C. , Yang Relin , Gutierrez Juan C. , Bonetto Andrea , Zhan Rui , Chan Ho Lam , Namias Nicholas , Koniaris Leonidas G. , Zimmers Teresa A. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundBurn injury results in a chronic inflammatory, hypermetabolic, and hypercatabolic state persisting long after initial injury and wound healing. Burn survivors experience a profound and prolonged loss of lean body mass, fat mass, and bone mineral density, associated with significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. Understanding the mechanisms responsible is essential for developing therapies. A complete characterization of the pathophysiology of burn cachexia in a reproducible mouse model was lacking.MethodsYoung adult (12–16 weeks of age) male C57BL/6J mice were given full thickness burns using heated brass plates or sham injury. Food and water intake, organ and muscle weights, and muscle fiber diameters were measured. Body composition was determined by Piximus. Plasma analyte levels were determined by bead array assay.ResultsSurvival and weight loss were dependent upon burn size. The body weight nadir in burned mice was 14 days, at which time we observed reductions in total body mass, lean carcass mass, individual muscle weights, and muscle fiber cross‐sectional area. Muscle loss was associated with increased expression of the muscle ubiquitin ligase, MuRF1. Burned mice also exhibited reduced fat mass and bone mineral density, concomitant with increased liver, spleen, and heart mass. Recovery of initial body weight occurred at 35 days; however, burned mice exhibited hyperphagia and polydipsia out to 80 days. Burned mice had significant increases in serum cytokine, chemokine, and acute phase proteins, consistent with findings in human burn subjects.ConclusionsThis study describes a mouse model that largely mimics human pathophysiology following severe burn injury. These baseline data provide a framework for mouse‐based pharmacological and genetic investigation of burn‐injury‐associated cachexia.
ALDH+ tumor‐initiating cells exhibiting gain in NOTCH1 gene copy number have enhanced regrowth sensitivity to a γ‐secretase inhibitor and irinotecan in colorectal cancer
Authors: Arcaroli John J. , Powell Rebecca W. , Varella-Garcia Marileila , McManus Martine , Tan Aik Choon , Quackenbush Kevin S. , Pitts Todd M. , Gao Dexiang , Spreafico Anna , Dasari Arvind , Touban Basel M. , Messersmith Wells A. 
Published: March 2012

The Notch signaling pathway has been shown to be upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and important for the self‐renewal of cancer stem cells. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of PF‐03084014, a γ‐secretase inhibitor, in combination with irinotecan to identify the effects of treatment on tumor recurrence and the tumor‐initiating population in our CRC preclinical explant model. The combination of PF‐03084014 and irinotecan had the greatest effect at reducing tumor growth on four CRC tumors when compared with treatment with PF‐03084014 or irinotecan alone. The combination significantly reduced tumor recurrence in two CRC explants (CRC001 and CRC036) after treatment was discontinued. Both of these tumors exhibited elevated baseline levels of Notch pathway activation as well as an increase in NOTCH1 gene copy number when compared with the two CRC explants (CRC026 and CRC027) where tumors reappeared quickly after termination of treatment. Isolation and injection of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH+ and ALDH−) cells in an in vivo explant model demonstrated that the ALDH+ cell population were tumorigenic. Evaluation of the ALDH+ cells after 28 days of treatment showed that the combination reduced the ALDH+ population in the tumors that did not regrow. Furthermore, ALDH+ cells from CRC001 and CRC027 were injected in vivo and treated immediately for 28 days. Two months after treatment, tumors were evident in the combination treatment group for CRC027 but not for CRC036. These results indicate the combination of PF‐03084014 and irinotecan may be effective in reducing tumor recurrence in CRC patients whose tumors exhibit elevated levels of the Notch pathway.
Inverted ductal papilloma arising from the buccal minor salivary gland: A case report and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Kato Hisashi , Ota Yoshihide , Sasaki Masashi , Kaneko Akihiro , Sekido Yasutomo , Tsukinoki Keiichi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOral inverted ductal papilloma is a rare, benign epithelial tumor that exhibits an endophytic growth pattern and is found almost exclusively in the minor salivary glands. We report on a case of inverted ductal papilloma in the buccal mucosa. We also performed an immunohistochemical study. The tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, while negative for calponin, S‐100 protein, α‐SMA, vimentin, and desmin. This result indicated that the lesion arises from the excretory duct near the oral mucosal surface but not the myoepithelial cells. In addition, Ki‐67 labeling index of 3.96% indicated the low level of proliferation.
U–Pb geochronology of zircons from fossiliferous sediments of the Hajnáčka I maar (Slovakia) – type locality of the MN 16a biostratigraphic subzone
Authors: HURAI VRATISLAV , PAQUETTE JEAN-LOUIS , HURAIOVÁ MONIKA , SABOL MARTIN 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLacustrine sediments of the Hajnáčka I maar of southern Slovakia contain teeth and skeletal remains of a mammal fauna, including index Early Villanyian arvicoline rodents. U–Pb dating of magmatic zircons extracted from the redeposited fossiliferous maar sediments revealed a total of six volcanic events. The oldest age of 3.43 Ma was interpreted as that corresponding to the initial phreato-magmatic eruption that created the maar. Most zircons grouped around 3.06 ± 0.03 Ma, the age attributed to the catastrophic eruption that killed the mammal assemblage thriving within and around the maar studied. This age coincides with the 3.1 Ma boundary between the MN 16a and 16b subzones of the European Mammal Neogene chronostratigraphic scale estimated from the succession of Early Villanyian palaeontological localities according to the hypsometry of rodent teeth. Younger zircon ages overlapped those of the neighbouring basaltic lava flows, necks and dykes, thus recording superimposed effusions. The youngest 1.58 Ma old zircon defines the age limit for the final redeposition of the fossiliferous sediments in the maar drainage lake regime.
Helminth parasite proteomics: from experimental models to human infections
Authors: MUTAPI FRANCISCA 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYSchistosomiasis is a major human helminth infection endemic in developing countries. Urogenital schistosomiasis, caused byS. haematobium, is the most prevalent human schistosome disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Currently control of schistosome infection is by treatment of infected people with the anthelmintic drug praziquantel, but there are calls for continued efforts to develop a vaccine against the parasites. In order for successful vaccine development, it is necessary to understand the biology and molecular characteristics of the parasite. Ultimately, there is need to understand the nature and dynamics of the relationship between the parasite and the natural host. Thus, my studies have focused on molecular characterization of different parasite stages and integrating this information with quantitative approaches to investigate the nature and development of protective immunity against schistosomes in humans. Proteomics has proved a powerful tool in these studies allowing the proteins expressed by the parasite to be characterized at a molecular and immunological level. In this review, the application of proteomic approaches to understanding the human-schistosome relationship as well as testing specific hypotheses on the nature and development of schistosome-specific immune responses is discussed. The contribution of these approaches to informing schistosome vaccine development is highlighted.
Staying in school for lunch instead of eating in fast-food restaurants: results of a quasi-experimental study among high-school students
Authors: Beaulieu Dominique , Godin Gaston 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveFollowing the adoption of food policies replacing unhealthy products by healthy foods in school, the present study tested the effectiveness of an intervention aimed at encouraging high-school students to stay in school for lunch instead of eating in fast-food restaurants.DesignA 12-week multi-strategy intervention targeting specific determinants of behaviour was evaluated via a quasi-experimental pre- and post-intervention design. A self-administered questionnaire was employed based on the theory of planned behaviour.SettingAn experimental (n 129) and a control school (n 112) in central Canada.SubjectsHigh-school students aged 12 to 17 years.ResultsCompared with control school students, those in the experimental school significantly increased the mean number of days that they stayed in school for lunch (relative risk = 1·55; 95 % CI 1·06, 2·27; P = 0·024), as well as the proportion who remained in school for lunch every day (relative risk = 1·21; 95 % CI 1·04, 1·40; P = 0·014). Among the psychosocial variables targeted, only self-efficacy appeared to be influenced by the intervention, mainly because of a decline in control group values. Mediation analysis indicated a significant mediating effect of self-efficacy on the mean number of days that students stayed in school for lunch (bias-corrected and accelerated point estimate = 0·079; 95 % CI 0·0059, 0·1958).ConclusionsThese results suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing self-efficacy can successfully contribute to students staying in school during lunch time. Such interventions should be considered in obesity prevention programmes adapted to high-school students.
Data‐based estimates of suboxia, denitrification, and N2O production in the ocean and their sensitivities to dissolved O2
Authors: Bianchi Daniele , Dunne John P. , Sarmiento Jorge L. , Galbraith Eric D. 
Published: March 2012

Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are major sites of fixed nitrogen removal from the open ocean. However, commonly used gridded data sets such as the World Ocean Atlas (WOA) tend to overestimate the concentration of O2 compared to measurements in grids where O2 falls in the suboxic range (O2 < 2–10 mmol m−3), thereby underestimating the extent of O2 depletion in OMZs. We evaluate the distribution of the OMZs by (1) mapping high‐quality oxygen measurements from the WOCE program, and (2) by applying an empirical correction to the gridded WOA based on in situ observations. The resulting suboxic volumes are a factor 3 larger than in the uncorrected gridded WOA. We combine the new oxygen data sets with estimates of global export and simple models of remineralization to estimate global denitrification and N2O production. We obtain a removal of fixed nitrogen of 70 ± 50 Tg year−1 in the open ocean and 198 ± 64 Tg year−1 in the sediments, and a global N2O production of 6.2 ± 3.2 Tg year−1. Our results (1) reconcile water column denitrification rates based on global oxygen distributions with previous estimates based on nitrogen isotopes, (2) revise existing estimates of sediment denitrification down by 1/3d through the use of spatially explicit fluxes, and (3) provide independent evidence supporting the idea of a historically balanced oceanic nitrogen cycle. These estimates are most sensitive to uncertainties in the global export production, the oxygen threshold for suboxic processes, and the efficiency of particle respiration under suboxic conditions. Ocean deoxygenation, an expected response to anthropogenic climate change, could increase denitrification by 14 Tg year−1 of nitrogen per 1 mmol m−3 of oxygen reduction if uniformly distributed, while leaving N2O production relatively unchanged.
Dry Powder Nanoparticulate Formulations for Mucosal Vaccination
Authors: Scherließ Regina , Buske Simon 
Published: March 2012

Intranasal administration of nanoparticulate dry powder vaccine formulations seems to be an advantageous option due to the fact that particles smaller than 250 nm can be taken up by specialized cells (M-cells) in the mucosa resulting in both local and systemic immune response. Among other reactions this causes the secretion of dimeric IgA (sIgA) into the mucus promoting entrapment of pathogens directly in the mucus1.
In this study non-water soluble nanoparticles of chitosan and sodium deoxycholate were prepared via ionic coacervation. The particle size distribution of the products was determined via photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). The obtained particles showed a monomodal distribution with an average size of about 250 nm (size distribution by volume). These particles seem to be ideal carriers for model antigens such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), which can be incorporated during the particle forming process. In order to obtain a dry powder the nanosuspension can be spray dried or freeze dried using mannitol as matrix. Spray-dried products are known for having a particle size of less than 10 µm. The product can be re-dispersed rapidly resulting in a nanoparticulate dispersion.. For nasal application, the spray dried formulation can be used directly as dry powder vaccine or may be further processed in order to obtain a suitable formulation by immobilisation onto bigger carrier particles to allow preferential nasal deposition. Such formulations might represent a promising vaccine delivery system in the near future.
Characterization of transcriptional profiling of Kupffer cells during liver regeneration in rats
Authors: Xu Cunshuan , Chen Xiaoguang , Chang Cuifang , Wang Gaiping , Wang Wenbo , Zhang Lianxing , Zhu Qiushi , Wang Lei 
Published: March 2012

AbstractKCs (Kupffer cells), as an important hepatic immunoregulatory cells, play a key role in LR (liver regeneration). Uncovering the transcriptional profiling of KCs after PH (partial hepatectomy) would likely clarify its implication in LR. Here, we isolated KCs by methods of Percoll density gradient centrifugation and immunomagnetic beads. Transcriptional profiles of KCs were monitored up to 168 h post‐PH using microarray. By comparing the expression profile of KCs at 2–168 h post‐PH with that of the control and applying the statistical and bioinformatics criteria, we found 1407 known and 927 unknown genes related to LR. K‐means clustering analysis grouped these 1407 genes into robust 14 time‐course clusters representing distinct patterns of regulation. Based on gene‐set enrichment analysis, genes encoding products involved in cytokine signalling, inflammatory response and cell chaemotaxis were highly enriched in the cluster characterized by gradual up‐regulation and then return; genes in defence response and immune response were enriched in clusters ‘the general down‐regulation during LR’; genes in fatty acid synthesis and sterol metabolism were preferentially distributed in the cluster ‘gradual increase’; whereas genes in the categories ‘lipid catabolism’ and ‘glycolysis’ were enriched in cluster ‘decrease at two intervals’. According to the above analysis, KCs were seemingly sensitive to operative stimulus; immune defence and detoxification function of KCs obviously dropped post‐operatively; fatty acid synthesis were enhanced, whereas lipid catabolism and glycolysis were reduced after PH. This study provides a detailed in vivo gene expression profile of KCs, providing a framework to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the regeneration process at cellular level.
Les erreurs de mesure en céphalométrie 2D
Authors: Bourriau Jérôme , Bidange Guillaume , Foucart Jean-Michel 
Published: March 2012

L’utilisation de la téléradiographie de profil (norma latéralis) à des fins cliniques est
très étroitement liée à la précision d’identification et de localisation des différents
« points » requis lors de l’élaboration des différentes analyses céphalométriques. L’objet
de cette étude est d’analyser l’influence de deux paramètres que sont la distance
foyer-objet et le type de récepteur, sur la précision de localisation des 19 points
céphalométriques les plus usités puis d’analyser la répercussion des erreurs de
localisation sur les mesures céphalométriques. Un groupe de 53 orthodontistes a été
aléatoirement sélectionné ; tous ont identifié 19 points céphalométriques sur des clichés
radiographiques argentiques ou numériques, réalisés à 1 m 50 ou à 4 m. Les résultats
montrent qu’il n’existe pas de différence statistiquement significative liée à la distance
foyer-sujet ou au type de récepteur. Indépendamment du mode d’acquisition radiologique,
chaque point céphalométrique présente un nuage de dispersion caractéristique, les points
les plus fiables étant généralement situés dans le plan sagittal médian. Les mesures
céphalométriques qui présentent la plus forte variabilité sont liées à la position des
apex incisifs, ce qui conduit à relativiser leur importance lors de l’établissement du
plan de traitement et du suivi thérapeutique. De manière analogue, l’utilisation du plan
de Francfort est sujette à controverse au regard de la plus grande fiabilité des autres
plans de référence du crâne et plus particulièrement S-Na.
Les erreurs de mesure en céphalométrie 3D :
à propos de l’analyse cranio-faciale vestibulaire
Authors: Papé Romain de , Pizelle Christophe , Foucart Jean-Miche 
Published: March 2012

Le développement des techniques d’imagerie tridimensionnelle
générant une faible irradiation (tomodensitométrie et tomographie
volumique à faisceau conique ou cone beam) rend
désormais possible la réalisation d’une céphalométrie 3D pour certains
cas cliniques complexes en substitution de la céphalométrie 2D conventionnelle.
Néanmoins, le développement de telles analyses implique l’identification
des points anatomiques les plus fiables. Un groupe de 15 orthodontistes
a été aléatoirement sélectionné ; tous ont identifié 33 points sur
un examen volumique tomodensitométrique, les points ayant été choisis
à partir de l’analyse cranio-faciale vestibulaire, historiquement
connue pour sa reproductibilité. Les résultats confirment la grande
fiabilité des points de référence liés aux canaux semi-circulaires (vestibion).
Ils montrent, comme en céphalométrie 2D conventionnelle, que chaque
point présente un nuage de dispersion caractéristique et que les
points les plus fiables sont liés à des structures anatomiques facilement
identifiables (foramen, pointes osseuses…).
Analyses of Genetic Variation in Populations of Oregon Chub, a Threatened Floodplain Minnow in a Highly Altered Environment
Authors: DeHaan Patrick W. , Scheerer Paul D. , Rhew Ron , Ardren William R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Oregon chub Oregonichthys crameri is a small floodplain minnow endemic to the Willamette River basin of western Oregon. Historically the species was widely abundant and probably relied on periodic floods for dispersal and genetic exchange among populations. The species has declined substantially in the past 100 years due to habitat alterations and the introduction of nonnative species and is currently listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Information on the level of genetic variation within and among populations did not exist when the species was listed or when a recovery plan was being developed. In this study, we used a suite of nine microsatellite loci to characterize genetic variation within and among 16 sampling locations and provide information to help guide future recovery efforts. Even though many locations are presently isolated from one another, we observed relatively high levels of genetic variation within collections. Temporal samples revealed that the levels of genetic variation were stable over time despite fluctuations in abundance. Estimates of effective population size (Ne) for three sampling locations ranged from approximately 120 to 220 and suggest that there is no immediate threat from inbreeding or genetic drift. We observed a significant level of genetic variation among sampling locations (global FST = 0.078) and significant differences in allele frequencies among all sampling locations. Our results suggest that the different locations represent distinct populations of Oregon chub and that greater levels of gene flow occur among populations within the Santiam and Middle Fork Willamette River subbasins. The information presented in this study will help guide Oregon chub recovery efforts, including the refinement of recovery areas and future population introduction efforts, and will help address the challenge of managing populations largely in isolation from one another in order to minimize threats from nonnative species.