bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of species distribution models and conservation planning software to the design of a reserve network for the riverine fishes of northeastern Mesoamerica
Authors: ESSELMAN PETER C. , ALLAN J. D. 
Published: April 2010

Summary1. Protected area networks for river ecosystems must account for the highly connected nature of river habitats and the fact that conditions in distant locations can influence downstream habitats and biota. We used Marxan conservation planning software to address the unique constraints of reserve design in river ecosystems and structure a reserve network to overcome key challenges to freshwater conservation.2. The range limits of 63 fish species in Mesoamerica were predicted and used in Marxan to design a network of conservation focal areas that encompasses 15% of the range of each species in areas with low risk of environmental degradation. Upstream risk intensity was estimated by propagating landscape‐based sources of stress downstream along the direction of flow in GIS. We constrained Marxan solutions to account for basin divides, and we defined critical management zones to include important habitats that contribute to species persistence and mitigate threats.3. The proposed reserve network encompassed 11% of the study area, half of which was contained within existing protected areas. Our exercise also identified important gaps in protection. Because terrestrial‐based environmental risks were propagated through the river network and considered in the solution, focal areas were constrained to catchments with low levels of upstream human activity. Addition of critical management zones – riparian buffers and fish migration corridors – expanded the network area by one‐fifth.4. Our application of Marxan allowed longitudinal connectivity and topographic barriers to species movement to be considered. Adding critical management zones expanded the size of the reserve network, but is crucial to the network’s conservation efficacy. We call for an evaluation of the added management capacity needed to conserve critical management zones and suggest ways to further improve the reserve design process.
Veligers of an introduced bivalve, Limnoperna fortunei, are a new food resource that enhances growth of larval fish in the Paraná River (South America)
Authors: PAOLUCCI ESTEBAN M. , THUESEN ERIK V. , CATALDO DANIEL H. , BOLTOVSKOY DEMETRIO 
Published: April 2010

Summary1. Larvae of ‘sábalo’, Prochilodus lineatus, whose adults represent over 60% of overall fish biomass in the Río de la Plata Catchment, have been observed to feed intensively on veligers of the exotic bivalve Limnoperna fortunei.2. To assess the effects of this dietary shift on the growth of P. lineatus, 28‐day laboratory experiments were carried out feeding newly hatched P. lineatus larvae with three diets: zooplankton artificially enriched with L. fortunei veligers; natural zooplankton; and zooplankton artificially enriched with cladocerans and copepods. The average length, weight and gut contents of the fish larvae were assessed weekly and metabolic rates of fish larvae were measured.3. Proportions of veligers in gut contents were always higher than those in the experimental diet: 100, 76 and 21% for veliger‐enriched, natural and low‐veliger diets, respectively. Larvae fed a veliger‐enriched diet grew to a significantly larger size than larvae fed the other two diets. In energetic balance comparisons using metabolic rates and prey energy content, all three diets were sufficient to support metabolism and growth. The greatest values of excess energy at the end of each week were in the veliger‐enriched experiments.4. Feeding on veligers of L. fortunei significantly enhances the growth of P. lineatus larvae and supports the idea that this new and abundant resource is selectively preyed upon by P. lineatus during its larval stage. Higher growth rates may stem from the higher energy contents of veligers compared to crustaceans and/or from the lower energy costs of capturing slower prey.
Comparative study of the expression of metalloproteases and their inhibitors in different localizations within primary tumours and in metastatic lymph nodes of breast cancer
Authors: García María Fernanda , González‐Reyes Salomé , González Luis Ovidio , Junquera Sara , Berdize Nana , Del Casar José Manuel , Medina María , Vizoso Francisco José 
Published: April 2010

SummaryStudies on metastasic lesions from human carcinomas are scarce. Therefore there is a need for such studies to identify the expression of the biological factors that will help in the assessment of the natural history of breast cancer. Here an immunohistochemical study was performed using tissue arrays and specific antibodies against matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)‐1, 2, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs)‐1, 2 and 3 in 39 patients with breast cancer. Specimens from 39 patients with node‐positive carcinomas were examined and the analysis was performed at the central core of the tumour, at the invasive front, and in the metastasic axillary lymph nodes (MALNs). Global expression of MMP‐1, 7 and 14, TIMP‐1, and 3, were significantly higher at the centre of the tumour compared with the invasive front or the MALNs. Significantly higher expression of MMP‐7 and 14, and TIMP‐3, by fibroblast‐like cells and mononuclear inflammatory cells (MICs) was seen in MALNs. In addition, in the tumour centre, the expression of MMP‐11 and TIMP‐1 and 2 by MICs, as well as TIMP‐2 expression by fibroblast‐like cells, were associated significantly with the occurrence of distant metastasis. In contrast, TIMP‐3 expression by tumour cells or by fibroblast‐like cells in this same tumour locations, as well as TIMP‐1 expression by fibroblast‐like cells at the invasive front, were associated significantly with poor prognosis. However, the expression of all of these biological factors in MALNs was not associated with the development of distant metastasis. Our data suggest that there is prognostic relevance to the expression of MMPs and TIMPs in the stromal cells of primary tumours, rather than to the expression of these enzymes in MALNs.
Responses to olfactory signals reflect network structure of flower‐visitor interactions
Authors: Junker Robert R. , Höcherl Nicole , Blüthgen Nico 
Published: April 2010

Summary 1. Network analyses provide insights into the diversity and complexity of ecological interactions and have motivated conclusions about community stability and co‐evolution. However, biological traits and mechanisms such as chemical signals regulating the interactions between individual species – the microstructure of a network – are poorly understood. 2. We linked the responses of receivers (flower visitors) towards signals (flower scent) to the structure of a highly diverse natural flower‐insect network. For each interaction, we define link temperature – a newly developed metric – as the deviation of the observed interaction strength from neutrality, assuming that animals randomly interact with flowers. 3. Link temperature was positively correlated to the specific visitors’ responses to floral scents, experimentally examined in a mobile olfactometer. Thus, communication between plants and consumers via phytochemical signals reflects a significant part of the microstructure in a complex network. Negative as well as positive responses towards floral scents contributed to these results, where individual experience was important apart from innate behaviour. 4. Our results indicate that: (1) biological mechanisms have a profound impact on the microstructure of complex networks that underlies the outcome of aggregate statistics, and (2) floral scents act as a filter, promoting the visitation of some flower visitors, but also inhibiting the visitation of others.
Intraspecific functional variability: extent, structure and sources of variation
Authors: Albert Cécile Hélène , Thuiller Wilfried , Yoccoz Nigel Gilles , Soudant Alex , Boucher Florian , Saccone Patrick , Lavorel Sandra 
Published: April 2010

Summary 1. Functional traits are increasingly used to investigate community structure, ecosystem functioning or to classify species into functional groups. These functional traits are expected to be variable between and within species. Intraspecific functional variability is supposed to influence and modulate species responses to environmental changes and their effects on their environment. However, this hypothesis remains poorly tested and species are mostly described by mean trait values without any consideration of variability in individual trait values. 2. In this study, we quantify the extent of intraspecific plant functional trait variability, its spatial structure and its response to environmental factors. Using a sampling design structured along two direct and orthogonal climatic gradients in an alpine valley, we quantified and analysed the intraspecific variability for three functional traits (height, leaf dry matter content and leaf nitrogen content) measured on sixteen plant species with contrasting life histories. 3. Results showed a large variability of traits within species with large discrepancies between functional traits and species. This variability did not appear to be structured within populations. Between populations, the overall variability was partly explained by the selected gradients. Despite the strong effects of temperature and radiation on trait intraspecific variability, the response curves of traits along gradients were partly idiosyncratic. 4.
Synthesis. Giving a comprehensive quantification of intraspecific functional variability through the analysis of an original data set, we report new evidence that using a single trait value to describe a given species can hide large functional variation for this species along environmental gradients. These findings suggest that intraspecific functional variability should be a concern for ecologists and its recognition opens new opportunities to better understand and predict ecological patterns in a changing environment. Further analyses are, however, required to compare inter‐ and intraspecific variability.
The response of Bromus diandrus and Lolium rigidum to dalapon and glyphosate I: baseline sensitivity
Authors: BARROSO J , LOUREIRO I , ESCORIAL M C , CHUECA M C 
Published: April 2010

Barroso J, Loureiro I, Escorial MC & Chueca MC (2010). The response of Bromus diandrus and Lolium rigidum to dalapon and glyphosate I: baseline sensitivity. Weed Research50, 312–319.SummaryThe establishment of Bromus diandrus and Lolium rigidum baseline sensitivity to glyphosate and dalapon herbicides was studied for the North Central region of Spain. A rapid method in Petri dishes and a plant assay method were evaluated. The studied populations of both weed species showed sensitivity to both herbicides. The rapid method to establish the sensitivity baseline for these species worked properly for dalapon and a good correlation was found between Petri dish and plant assays. In the case of glyphosate, the rapid method was not sensitive enough, so baseline sensitivity establishment would have to be determined with plant assays. The baseline sensitivities will allow us to determine quickly and accurately any variation in the sensitivity of these weeds against these herbicides over time and to detect, at an early stage, the beginning of any trends towards resistance.
Weed communities of transgenic glyphosate‐tolerant soyabean crops in ex‐pasture land in the southern Mesopotamic Pampas of Argentina
Authors: MAS M T , VERDÚ A M C , KRUK B C , DE ABELLEYRA D , GUGLIELMINI A C , SATORRE E H 
Published: April 2010

Mas MT, Verdú AMC, Kruk BC, De Abelleyra D, Guglielmini AC & Satorre EH (2010). Weed communities of transgenic glyphosate‐tolerant soyabean crops in ex‐pasture land in the southern Mesopotamic Pampas of Argentina. Weed Research50, 320–330.SummaryWeed surveys were performed in commercial no‐till glyphosate‐tolerant soyabean crops in southern Entre Ríos province (Mesopotamic Pampas of Argentina) in 2005 and 2007, during the soyabean grain filling to maturity growth stages. The objectives were to describe the weed communities in fields recently introduced to crop production and to analyse the effect of the new cropping patterns on assemblages. The fields surveyed varied in the length of the no‐till period (1–11 years), the previous crop and the soil productivity rating. Weed communities were described in terms of composition, constancy, life forms, morphotypes and (only during 2007) frequency. Tragia geraniifolia, Bidens subalternans, Sida spinosa, and Eryngium horridum were species associated with fields with more than 5 years of no‐till glyphosate‐tolerant crops. These fields had a significantly higher relative abundance of perennials (52% versus 32%) and of dicotyledons (66% versus 39%) than fields with less than 5 years of no‐till. Previous crop and soil productivity affected weed community structure. Six species, five of them annuals, were associated with fields that had high yields and maize as the previous crop. In contrast, perennials and dicotyledons had the highest relative abundance when wheat–soyabean double cropping was the previous crop. The results show that changes in cropping systems acted as filters on functional traits, modifying the previous weed community assemblage. The information may be used to develop integrated crop–weed management strategies, leading to a reduction in the assemblage of highly competitive weed communities.
Seasonal Variation of Plasminogen Activator Activity in Spermatozoa and Seminal Plasma of Boar, Buck, Bull and Stallion
Authors: Zervos IA , Lavrentiadou SN , Tsantarliotou MP , Georgiadis MP , Kokolis NA , Taitzoglou IA 
Published: April 2010

ContentsPlasminogen activators (PA) are proteolytic enzymes present in the spermatozoa and seminal plasma of various species. They play a role in the binding of the spermatozoon and its penetration through the layers surrounding the oocyte. Plasminogen activator activity (PAA) is modulated by hormones that have a seasonal variation, such as testosterone and melatonin. The present study investigates the seasonal variation of PA activity in sperm extracts and seminal plasma of four farm animal species: boar, buck, bull and stallion. Semen samples were collected every second week during a 12‐month period and PAA was determined. With respect to sperm enzyme activity, the boar showed a peak from late January until the beginning of April, whereas the activity in the bull was at the highest levels from April until October and gradually declined during autumn and winter period. Plasminogen activator activity of stallion spermatozoa peaked during March and April, and remained low throughout the rest of the year, whereas in the buck sperm, PAA increased from late October until the end of January. No biologically significant variation was detected regarding the seminal PAA activity in any of the species studied. While seasonality of reproduction is typically studied from the female perspective, the present data provide compelling information about a factor that may affect the reproductive ability of the male.
SRY‐Negative XX Sex Reversal in a French Bulldog
Authors: Campos M , Moreno‐Manzano V , García‐Roselló M , García‐Roselló E 
Published: April 2010

ContentsHere, we describe a 3‐month‐old XX male French Bulldog. The diagnosis was based on the clinical signs, gonadal histology and cytogenetic analysis. Additionally, the dog was confirmed to beSrynegative by semi‐quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (sqRT‐PCR). CanineSry‐negative XX sex reversal is a disorder of gonadal development where individuals who have a female karyotype develop testes or ovotestes. To our knowledge, this case is the first XX male sex reversion described in a French Bulldog.
Molecular phylogeny of Nearctic species of Rhynchelmis (Annelida)
Authors: Zhou Hong , Fend Steven V. , Gustafson Daniel L. , De Wit Pierre , Erséus Christer 
Published: April 2010

Zhou, H., Fend, S. V., Gustafson, D. L., De Wit, P. & Erséus, C. (2010). Molecular phylogeny of Nearctic species of Rhynchelmis (Annelida). —Zoologica Scripta, 39, 378–393.The Nearctic species of Rhynchelmis (Clitellata, Lumbriculidae) are known primarily from cool‐water habitats in western North America. Their taxonomy has so far been based on limited collections from isolated localities, using intuitive assessment of morphological characters. This approach has proved unsatisfactory when additional populations of closely related species were sampled and scrutinized for incorporation in the present classification. Therefore, in this study, mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rDNA) and nuclear internal transcriber spacer (ITS rDNA) genes were analysed as phylogenetic markers of Nearctic Rhynchelmis species. A combined approach with all the three gene regions provided a better resolution than any of the individual genes by itself. The genes demonstrated monophyly of all major groupings proposed on the morphological basis. Within the Rhynchelmis yakimorum complex, however, the genetic data and distribution suggested that two clades initially referred to as a ‘R. yakimorum variant 1’, one from the lower Snake River drainage in Idaho and one from southern coastal Oregon, might represent two separate species. On the other hand, the sympatric distribution and low genetic distance between Rhynchelmis gustafsoni and a form tentatively identified as ‘R. cf. yakimorum’ (both collected in eastern Idaho) indicated conspecific status. This study also showed that the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, which may be informative of recent and on‐going speciation and useful for species discrimination (as a DNA barcode), is less suitable as a single molecular marker for phylogenetic inference. Regardless of whether one deals with very closely related species (such as those of the yakimorum complex), with taxa with a wide and disjunct distribution (such as Rhynchelmis rostrata), or with more distantly related species, COI data should be supplemented by other genetic markers as well as morphological and biogeographical information.
Are species–area relationships from entire archipelagos congruent with those of their constituent islands?
Authors: Santos Ana M. C. , Whittaker Robert J. , Triantis Kostas A. , Borges Paulo A. V. , Jones Owen R. , Quicke Donald L. J. , Hortal Joaquín 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTAim To establish the extent to which archipelagos follow the same species–area relationship as their constituent islands and to explore the factors that may explain departures from the relationship.Location Thirty‐eight archipelagos distributed worldwide.Methods We used ninety‐seven published datasets to create island species–area relationships (ISARs) using the Arrhenius logarithmic form of the power model. Observed and predicted species richness of an archipelago and of each of its islands were used to calculate two indices that determined whether the archipelago followed the ISAR. Archipelagic residuals (ArcRes) were calculated as the residual of the prediction provided by the ISAR using the total area of the archipelago, standardized by the total richness observed in the archipelago. We also tested whether any characteristic of the archipelago (geological origin and isolation) and/or taxon accounts for whether an archipelago fits into the ISAR or not. Finally, we explored the relationship betweenArcResand two metrics of nestedness.Results The archipelago was close to the ISAR of its constituent islands in most of the cases analysed. Exceptions arose for archipelagos where (i) the slopes of the ISAR are low, (ii) observed species richness is higher than expected by the ISAR and/or (iii) distance to the mainland is small. The archipelago's geological origin was also important; a higher percentage of oceanic archipelagos fit into their ISAR than continental ones.ArcResindicated that the ISAR underpredicts archipelagic richness in the least isolated archipelagos. Different types of taxon showed no differences inArcRes. Nestedness andArcResappear to be related, although the form of the relationship varies between metrics.Main conclusions Archipelagos, as a rule, follow the same ISAR as their constituent islands. Therefore, they can be used as distinct units themselves in large‐scale biogeographical and macroecological studies. Departure from the ISAR can be used as a crude indicator of richness‐ordered nestedness, responsive to factors such as isolation, environmental heterogeneity, number and age of islands.
Patent foramen ovale is not associated with an increased risk of stroke recurrence
Authors: Feurer R. , Sadikovic S. , Sepp D. , Esposito L. , Schleef M. , Bockelbrink A. , Schwarze J. , Hemmer B. , Sander D. , Poppert H. 
Published: April 2010

Background and Purpose:  Despite numerous studies suggesting a relationship between paradoxical embolism from a patent foramen ovale (PFO) and stroke, the role of PFO as a risk factor for cerebral ischaemia remains controversial. We therefore sought to determine the association between a RLS detected by contrast‐enhanced transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (c‐TCD) and recurrent stroke in an unselected population sample.Methods:  We analyzed the records of 763 patients with diagnosis of cerebral ischaemia at our institution. All patients had undergone TCD‐based detection of RLS. Embolic signals have been measured both under resting conditions and after performing a Valsalva maneuver. For follow‐up, all patients were contacted by mail, which included a standardized questionnaire. Endpoints of follow‐up were defined as recurrence of cerebral ischaemia, occurrence of myocardial infarction or death from any cause.Results:  Follow‐up data were available in 639 patients (83.7%). At baseline, a RLS was detected in 140 (28%) men and in 114 (42%) women. Ten shunt‐carriers (1.6%) and 32 patients (5.0%) without RLS had suffered a recurrent stroke. After adjustment for age, sex, and atrial fibrillation, the hazard ratio of RLS for stroke recurrence was 0.86 (95% CI 0.41–1.79). The condition of RLS at rest adjusted for age, sex, stroke subtype, and cardiovascular risk factors was not found to increase the risk of stroke substantially (HR 1.16 [95% CI 0.41–3.29])Conclusion:  Our data suggest that the risk of recurrent stroke in subjects with PFO is not significantly increased in comparison with subject without it.
Mutations in CHMP2B are not a cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration in Finnish patients
Authors: Kaivorinne A.‐L. , Krüger J. , Udd B. , Majamaa K. , Remes A. M. 
Published: April 2010

Background:  Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a genetically complex disorder. The majority of mutations linked to FTLD families are found in the microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT) and progranulin (PGRN) genes. Mutations in the chromatin‐modifying protein 2B gene (CHMP2B) have been identified in a few families. However, CHMP2B has been showed to be a rare cause of FTLD. Our aim was to determine the frequency of CHMP2B mutations in a clinical series of patients with FTLD in Northern Finland.Patients and methods:  We examined 72 (36 men) Finnish patients with FTLD. The mean age at onset was 58.9 (range 43–80). Symptoms of motor neuron disease (FTLD‐MND) were present in 12 patients (17%). Positive family history was detected in 28% of the patients. Mutations in MAPT and PGRN were excluded from these patients. All exons and exon–intron boundaries of the CHMP2B gene were sequenced.Results:  No pathogenic CHMP2B mutations were found. A rare polymorphism in the non‐coding region of exon 1 (rs36098294) and three other previously reported polymorphisms were detected.Conclusions:  Our results confirm that mutations in CHMP2B are not a common cause of FTLD. MAPT and PGRN mutations are also rare in Finnish population, suggesting that other, still unknown genetic factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of FTLD in Finnish population.