bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Fatalities Resulting From Dog Attacks in the United States, 1979–2005
Authors: Langley Ricky L. 
Published: February 2011

Introduction Dog attacks are a major public health concern worldwide. Dogs bite over 4 million people resulting in the hospitalization of 6000 to 13 000 people each year in the United States. Rarely deaths may occur after an attack. Methods This study utilized the compressed mortality files from CDC WONDER to evaluate deaths from dog attacks over the 27-year period 1979–2005. Results An average of approximately 19 deaths was reported annually from dog attacks during this time period. Males and children less than 10 years of age had the highest rate of death from dog attacks. Deaths have been reported in 49 states with Alaska reporting the highest death rate from dog attacks. The number of deaths and death rate from dog attacks appear to be increasing. Conclusions Deaths from dog attacks appear to be increasing as the population of both humans and dogs has increased during this time period. Children have the greatest risk of death. There is a need for a national reporting system on dog bites to fully capture the extent of fatalities and look at risk factors surrounding the attack. The development of effective prevention practices is dependent upon examination of these risk factors.
General Health-Related Quality of Life and Oral Health Impact among Australians with Cleft Compared with Population Norms; Age and Gender Differences
Authors: Foo Peter , Sampson Wayne , Roberts Rachel , Jamieson Lisa , David David 
Published: February 2011

Objective To evaluate general health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and oral health impact among adults treated for cleft to determine age and gender differences, and to compare against population norms. Design Cross-sectional prospective study. Participants/Setting Nonsyndromic cleft patients treated by the Australian Craniofacial Unit from 1975 to 2009 were recruited (n = 112). Response rate was 79% (n = 88). Main outcome measures HRQoL was measured by the Short Form (SF)-36 questionnaire. Oral health impact was measured by the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 questionnaire. State-based and national norms were used for comparative purposes. Results There were no significant age or sex differences in the cleft sample's SF-36 and OHIP-14 scores. When compared against South Australian 2002 state-level norms, cleft participants scored higher on physical function and physical role function but lower on vitality and mental health. The prevalence of having experienced one or more of OHIP–14 items “fairly often” or “very often” was 2.7 times higher than national-level estimates, while extent was 2.8 times and severity 1.7 times higher. Conclusions The oral health impact among cleft patients included in our study was poor compared with population-level estimates. The HRQoL showed mixed results, with the vitality and mental health components being poorer in the cleft group compared with population-level estimates. These results indicate that treatment for orofacial clefting does not entirely remove the factors contributing to poor HRQoL and oral health.
Mycorrhizal fungal identity and diversity relaxes plant–plant competition
Authors: Wagg Cameron , Jansa Jan , Stadler Marina , Schmid Bernhard , van der Heijden Marcel G. A. 
Published: February 2011

There is a great interest in ecology in understanding the role of soil microbial diversity for plant productivity and coexistence. Recent research has shown increases in species richness of mutualistic soil fungi, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), to be related to increases in aboveground productivity of plant communities. However, the impact of AMF richness on plant–plant interactions has not been determined. Moreover, it is unknown whether species‐rich AMF communities can act as insurance to maintain productivity in a fluctuating environment (e.g., upon changing soil conditions).We tested the impact of four different AMF taxa and of AMF diversity (no AMF, single AMF taxa, and all four together) on competitive interactions between the legumeTrifolium pratenseand the grassLolium multiflorumgrown under two different soil conditions of low and high sand content. We hypothesized that more diverse mutualistic interactions (e.g., when four AMF taxa are present) can ease competitive effects between plants, increase plant growth, and maintain plant productivity across different soil environments. We used quantitative PCR to verify that AMF taxa inoculated at the beginning of the experiment were still present at the end.The presence of AMF reduced the competitive inequality between the two plant species by reducing the growth suppression of the legume by the grass. High AMF richness enhanced the combined biomass production of the two plant species and the yield of the legume, particularly in the more productive soil with low sand content. In the less productive (high sand content) soil, the single most effective AMF had an equally beneficial effect on plant productivity as the mixture of four AMF. Since contributions of single AMF to plant productivity varied between both soils, higher AMF richness would be required to maintain plant productivity in heterogeneous environments. Overall this work shows that AMF diversity promotes plant productivity and that AMF diversity can act as insurance to sustain plant productivity under changing environmental conditions.
A Comprehensive Study of Sanding Rate From a Gas Field: From Reservoir to Completion, Production, and Surface Facilities
Authors: Han Gang , Shepstone Keith , Harmawan Iwan , Er Ufuk , Jusoh Hasni , Lin Lim Sue , Pringle Dave , Koya Rani , Carney Stephen , Barker Larry , Morita Nobuo , Papamichos Euripides , Cerasi Pierre , Sayers Colin , Heiland Juliane , Bruno Mike , Diessl Julia 
Published: February 2011

Summary
An offshore gas field has been producing sand for a few years. Sand production has been closely monitored through acoustic flowline devices and a sand-collection system installed on the platforms. Observation of sand production has triggered evaluation of whether to install surface desanders or to complete future wells with downhole sand control. This evaluation requires a prediction of sanding rate over the reservoir life. The possibility of providing downhole sand control on existing wells was also evaluated in separate studies.
Predicting sanding rate, particularly for gas fields, has been historically challenging, mainly because of the sporadic nature of sand production, inadequate quantification of fundamental physics, and lack of representative laboratory tests and reliable field calibration. To tackle these challenges, four studies have been designed and executed: (1) the development of a reliable log-based rock-strength estimate, (2) the prediction of sanding rate over the reservoir life for a conservative well condition, (3) the evaluation of sand-particle transport from the reservoir to the surface facilities, and (4) the estimate of potential erosion of platform facilities.
The sanding-rate prediction is based on extensive laboratory tests of four carefully selected whole cores with gas and water flow. It then has been validated by field-monitoring data from an acoustic flowline device on each producer and a sand-collection system on the platforms. The studies have provided a prediction of (1) future sand production, (2) how much of the produced sand will be seen at the surface (and, therefore, how much of it will fall into the rathole), (3) how fast various components of the surface facility will erode over the field life, and (4) what will be the optimal completion strategy for sand control should it become necessary. They have provided input to an integrated evaluation of completion design, reservoir management, platform configuration, and field economics.
The Future of Integrated Operations
Authors: Crompton Jim , Gilman Helen 
Published: February 2011

Summary
The concept of integrated operations (IO) has matured significantly over the past 8 years since the landmark study by Cambridge Energy Research Associates (CERA) in 2002. Many companies, including Chevron, now have established programs with demonstrated results delivered in multiple assets. With that track record, companies are now asking what is next and how can they build on this foundation for the future.
Given what we have learned to date, how can we accelerate results and where can IO add the most value? What business and technology trends will emerge both to help and to hinder integrated workflow solutions over the next 5 to 10 years? This paper will address these questions by looking at the history of the Chevron i-field™ (i-field is a trademark of Chevron USA Incorporated in the US and in other countries) program to understand what has been accomplished, the promises realized, and the challenges uncovered in the journey. We will examine trends in the industry, to understand future opportunities and challenges more clearly.
The paper will look at how different elements of IO can be deployed more effectively and how to address the challenges of delivering and sustaining the change within the current and future workforce. Delivering solutions is usually difficult, but sustaining and supporting them provide new levels of challenge. How do we ensure that IO becomes the way we work in the future instead of a passing technology fashion fad?
Temperature and Salinity Effects on Drag-Reduction Characteristics of Polymers in Coiled Tubing
Authors: Shah S.N.. N. , Vyas Aditya 
Published: February 2011

Summary
Coiled-tubing (CT) applications include drilling operations, hydraulic fracturing, well completions, removing sand or fill from wellbore, and other applications that involve pumping fluids at high temperatures and high salinity. Because of curvature effects in CT, huge pressure losses occur, limiting the maximum flow rate achieved. By adding specific chemicals known as "friction reducers" or "drag reducers" to the fluids, these pressure losses can be minimized to a great extent.
Previously, several authors have published their results for fluid flow through CT, but only a limited number of studies have been reported that relate to temperature and salinity effects on drag reduction in fluids flowing through CT.
This paper discusses an experimental study of two commonly used drag reducers—ASP-700 and ASP-820—flowing through CT with different salinities and temperatures. Both small-scale and large-scale flow loops are used in this study. The small-scale flow loop includes a ½-in.-outside-diameter (OD) smooth CT, while the large-scale flow loop includes 2⅜-in. rough CT. Elevated temperature tests and salinity tests are conducted using optimum concentrations of drag reducers in fresh water, 2% KCl, and synthetic seawater.
The flow data gathered were analyzed and used to develop correlations that can predict drag reduction at different salinities and temperatures. The developed correlations show reasonable agreement with experimental data.
Effect of Shear Rate on the Propagation of Polymer-Based In-Situ-Gelled Acids Inside Carbonate Cores
Authors: Gomaa A.M.. M. , Mahmoud M.A.. A. , Nasr-El-Din H.A.. A. 
Published: February 2011

Summary
In-situ-gelled acids that are based on polymers have been used in the field for several years and were the subject of many laboratory studies. An extensive literature survey reveals that there are conflicting opinions about using these acids. These acids were used in the field with mixed results. Recent laboratory work indicated that these acids can cause damage under certain conditions. There is no agreement on when this system can be applied successfully in the field.
A coreflood study was conducted using Indiana limestone cores (1.5-in. diameter and 20-in. length) at high temperatures and pressures. Propagation of the acid, polymer, and crosslinker inside the long cores was examined in detail. Samples of the core effluent were collected, and the concentrations of calcium, crosslinker, and acid were measured. Permeability enhancement and location of any precipitation was detected using a computed-tomagraphy (CT) scanner on the core before and after the acid injection. Different sections were cut from the core to investigate the propagation and precipitation of polymer and crosslinker. Material balance was conducted to determine the amount of crosslinker retained in the core.
Experimental results show that this acid system caused damage in some cases. At low shear rates, in-situ-gelled acid formed a gel inside the core as indicated by the cyclic behavior noted in the pressure drop across the core, and the acid changed direction inside the core several times. However, this gel reduced the core permeability significantly. At high shear rates, a smaller amount of gel was formed inside the core, and the acid's ability to change its direction inside the core was less than that noted at low shear rate. A significant permeability enhancement was achieved. The wormhole length increased as the shear rate was increased, while the diameter of the wormhole increased as the cumulative injected volume of acid increased. CT scan indicated the presence of gel residue inside and around the wormhole. Gel residue increased at low shear rates. Material balance performed on the crosslinker indicated that a significant amount of the crosslinker was retained in the core. This amount increased at low shear rates.
Natural conditions for the reconstruction of fish ponds and possibilities of their use in ecotourism
Authors: Prajs Bożena , Rogalski Maciej , Sotek Zofia , Stasińska Małgorzata 
Published: February 2011

Natural conditions for the reconstruction of fish ponds and possibilities of their use in ecotourism
The paper comprises an analysis of the environmental impact of restoring small water retention in the Świergotka River. Hampering water flow due to river damming by 0.5 m and reconstruction of ponds will have a favourable effect on the valley's nature but may result in excessive water eutrophication in case of using these reservoirs for fish-farming.
The effect of plant cover on the mechanical composition of eroded soil
Authors: Baryła Anna , Hejduk Leszek 
Published: February 2011

The effect of plant cover on the mechanical composition of eroded soil
Water erosion causes migration of the finest soil particles and chemical compounds. The paper attempts to compare the mechanical composition of sediments susceptible to water erosion on the hillslopes with different cover crops. The research was conducted on the experimental plots in Puczniew. Its results showed that the composition of the sediment washed out from the fallow land significantly differed from that washed out from the plots with grass and barley crops. In the case of fallow land, soil particles were markedly larger. This might indicate the existence of a very hard mineral fraction.
Croissance urbaine et urbanisme dans une « ville moyenne » : le cas de Fougères
Authors: Allain R 
Published: February 2011

ZUSAMMENFASS UNG
Man muss den Anfang der 70er Jahre warten, um in der Stadt Fougères an der Städtebauplanung ein gründlicheres Interesse zu haben. Bisher waren die städtebaulichen Massnahmen von den Wohnungsproblemen beherrscht. In den letzten Jahren, wird die Rehabilitation des Zentrums in den Vordergrund gestellt. Diese Entwicklung, die auch in vielen französischen Städten zu bemerken ist, hat aber hier etwas Besonderes : dies ist sowohl auf die Lage der Stadt, die dort schon lange dauernde Industriekrise als auch auf die eigentümlichen Aspekte des Zentrums zurüickzuführen.
Dynamique des polynies du secteur des îles Belcher, Baie d'Hudson. Canada
Authors: Héquette Arnaud 
Published: February 2011

RESUME
A partir d'une étude du couvert de glace marine de la région des îles Belcher réalisée par le biais de la télédétection, l'auteur examine les différents facteurs susceptibles d'agir sur la dynamique des polynies.
Les marais de Bourgneuf et des Moutiers-en-Retz (Loire-Atlantique). L'évolution d'une zone humide littorale
Authors: Clément Olivier 
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ
L'histoire de cette zone de quelque 2 300 ha d'anciens marais salants de la côte atlantique française est tout d'abord rappelée. Elle permet d'éclairer un exposé sur les structures, la gestion hydraulique et l'évolution des usages (saliculture, agriculture, aquaculture, chasse). L'avenir incertain de ces marais d'eau douce et d'eau saumâtre est ensuite considéré dans une perspective qui tient compte des contraintes propres à ces « zones humides ».
Les exploitations ostréicoles dans la baie de Bourgneuf
Authors: Van Tilbeurgh V. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
Just after the second world war, one could see the ostreiculture activity expanding in Bourgneuf bay not in a regular way : recession times following expansion ones. In the mean time most of them have survived. Analysing the ways, the exploitations have, to keep on living, one can find a certain type of structures which have guaranteed today and in the past, its perennity. But, beyond the individual exploitation, when one analyses the professional team strategies it is possible to get a logical view of the structures.
Semer du poisson comme on sème du grain... L'aquiculture scientifique et pratique, une histoire vieille d'un siècle...
Authors: Delbos Geneviève 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
It is now nearly 150 years since « scientific and practical aquiculture » was launched as « the most ambitious undertaking of the present century in the domaine of living nature ». Domestication of the gens natans could at last be undertaken. Rational cultivation of the sea would allow to create sea-farms otherwise called piscifactures. These would constitute as many « food substance plants » allowing to feed once again a sea supposedly depleted by an obnoxioux fishing industry. Here they were, the nursery ponds, the hutcheries, the pools, who would permit new and lucrative industries to develop, and would regenerate, revivify traditional activities such as fishing and shell-breeding through the artificial multiplication of fish.
These concerns of the past are ignored in the current presentation of marine aquaculture, the modern and innovatory pioneering adventure of a finishing 20th century. Going back to these concerns allow however to understand better some aspects of contemporary aquaculture which we like to call novel. Indeed it appears in retrospect rather like a second edition — resorting of course to improved intellectual means — of programs originally formulated and implemented in the last century. The two competing models of development in aquaculture especially, which we are still trying to promote today, were already there, debated and implemented under the terms which we have in fact directly inherited.
Les modifications physiques de l'estuaire de la Loire et leurs conséquences socio-économiques
Authors: Ottmann François 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
The author describes the natural evolution down stream of portuaries establishments, and the main problems in the Loire estuary : the stream up desplacement of the mud plug and salinity trends ; fresh water distribution and wastes épuration from Nantes City ; dredging and filling up and social-economics implications.
Émergence de l'aquaculture nouvelle dans les Pays de la Loire
Authors: De Lamare Jean-Max , Juglard Armelle 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
The Pays de Loire area, especially since the Second World War, has developped a traditional activity in oyster and mussel farming.
Between 1978 and 1986, two experimental aquaculture stations (Noirmoutier and Bouin) were built to experiment new aquaculture in sea-water marshes : fish and crustaceans in Noirmoutier, shellfish in Bouin.
At the same time, new structures were created by the national and local governments to help aquaculture development (Délégation Régionale à l'Aquaculture, Syndicat Mixte pour le Développement de l'Aquaculture en Pays de la Loire).
Clam, shrimp and more recently, sea-trout experimental cultures have already given successful technical results. Some private marsh-owners have made experiments and a few farms have even been created.
Nowadays, more and more people seem to be attracted by fish-farming but problems initiated by land distribution between traditional and new aquaculture to be inserted in a special socio-economical context remain to be solved, even if space and yield optimization is not yet reached.
Consequently, it is necessary that men in charge of local management become involved in bringing local aquaculture to a successful conclusion.
Nouvelle dynamique d'une population insulaire (l'exemple de l'île d'Ouessant)
Authors: Péron Françoise 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT
Today, the island's population is undergoing a complete change. Thenceforth, when studying reasons for departures from the island, one needs to consider the whole of the island's fluctuating population. In order to fully appreciate the extent of this composite and changing community totally ignored by statistics it was first of all necessary to find a specific means of analysis.
The research conducted during the summer of 1986 complies with these demands. Based upon one's ties with the island, each house has been enregistered and various questionnaires have been completed in collaboration with these families, in order to enlist all visitors during the past year.
The study of these questionnaires will illustrate the attirance the island has for visitors and define the way people integrate into a community, offering a complete picture of a society in relation to its contacts with the outside world.
This global approach of the island community leads to the outline for a method of studying mass movement as well as a definition of the insular phenomenon in its contemporary expression.
Littoral vendéen : accueil et vieillissement
Authors: Pichaud Clément 
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ
Les personnes âgées sont très nombreuses sur le littoral de Vendée. L'afflux touristique de l'été leur pose bien des problèmes, tout comme l'isolement de l'hiver. Les retraités de l'agriculture venant habiter en ville, leur maison ne sert plus et leurs terres sont de plus en plus en friches. Les communes côtières ont beaucoup de problèmes pour faire face à ce vieillissement, comme à la diminution du nombre des jeunes.
Impacts des aménagements sur l'évolution du littoral de Wexford, sud-est de l'Irlande
Authors: Ruz Marie-Hélène 
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ
Le littoral du comté de Wexford, dans le sud-est de l'Irlande, comporte deux flèches sableuses, la pointe de Raven et la pointe Rosslare, qui encadrent l'embouchure de la rivière Slaney : Wexford Harbour. Les flèches littorales sont alimentées par l'érosion de falaises taillées dans des dépôts glaciaires. La poldérisation des marais maritimes développés dans la lagune a nécessité la construction d'un nouveau port, Wexford Harbour, tendant à s'envaser. Des travaux portuaires à Rosslare Harbour ont entraîné une inversion complète de tendance au sein de ce système morphogénique côtier. Le blocage de la dérive littorale par la digue construite à Rosslare Harbour a provoqué une érosion du littoral adjacent, le démantèlement de la flèche de Rosslare et l'ouverture de la lagune aux influences marines. Des travaux, visant à la protection de la plage de Rosslare, se sont avérés inefficaces et même nuisibles puisqu'ils ont exacerbé la tendance érosive et dégradé le milieu naturel.