bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nucleophilic debenzoylation of p‐nitrophenyl benzoate in cationic micellar media
Authors: Sar Santosh K. , Rathod Nutan , Pandey Piyush Kant 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPseudo‐first‐order rate constants for the nucleophilic debenzoylation reaction of p‐nitrophenyl benzoate with various hydroxamate ions [RC = ONHO−] were investigated in aqueous cationic micellar media at pH 7.8 and 27°C. The kinetic rate data of the reaction revealed that the nucleophilic reactivity sequence of these hydroxamate ions is generally benzohydroxamic acid > salicylhydroxamic acid > acetohydroxamic acid. The kobs value increases upon addition of cationic surfactants to the reaction medium involving interfacial ion exchange between bulk aqueous media and micellar pseudophase. The effect of surfactant head and tail group is discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 106–112, 2010
In situ Dynamic Rheological Study of Polyacrylamide during Gelation Coupled with Mathematical Models of Viscosity Advancement
Authors: Savart Thibaut , Dove Caroline , Love Brian J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAcrylamide dynamic viscosity has been measured in aqueous solutions. Separate rheological measurements were performed on neat resins devoid of the curing agent over a range of shear rates to yield the initial resin viscosity. The gels were also characterized by sub‐ambient DSC to determine the phase structure as a function of formulation. The dynamic viscosity shows a marked sigmoidal behavior with a plateau viscosity. Mathematical interpretations of the gel time both by sigmoidal and power law models were comparable. The power law model allowed a direct determination of the gel time while the sigmoidal model yielded parameters associated with the initial viscosity, one associated with the plateau viscosity of the gel, and two time constants controlling the sharpness of the transition.magnified image
QSPR Study for Estimation of Density of Some Aromatic Explosives by Multiple Linear Regression Approach
Authors: Luan Feng , Liu Huitao , Wen Yingying , Li Qingzhong , Zhang Xiaoyun , Sun Jiazhong 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA quantitative structure‐property relationship (QSPR) model was proposed on the basis of the molecular structure of 43 aromatic explosives and their density. The best linear model composed of five molecular descriptors which were selected from 522 constitutional, geometrical, topological, and quantum‐mechanical types of descriptors. Statistical characteristics of the multiple linear model (R2=0.892, F=60.95, RMS=0.0539, AARD=2.41%) indicated satisfactory stability and predictive ability. The model may give some insight into the main structural factors that modulate the density of the investigated compounds.
Output‐feedback tracking in causal nonminimum‐phase nonlinear systems using higher‐order sliding modes
Authors: Shtessel Yuri B. , Baev Simon , Edwards Christopher , Spurgeon Sarah K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAsymptotic output‐feedback tracking in a class of causal nonminimum phase uncertain nonlinear systems is addressed via sliding mode techniques. Sliding mode control is proposed for robust stabilization of the output tracking error in the presence of a bounded disturbance. The output reference profile and the unknown input/disturbance are supposed to be described by unknown linear exogenous systems of a given order. Local asymptotic stability of the output tracking error dynamics along with the boundedness of the internal states are proven. The unstable internal states are estimated asymptotically via the proposed multistage observer that is based on the method of extended system center. A higher‐order sliding mode observer/differentiator is used for the exact estimation of the input–output states in a finite time. The bounded disturbance is reconstructed asymptotically. A numerical example illustrates the efficiency of the proposed output‐feedback tracking approach developed for causal nonminimum phase nonlinear systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dicistronic regulation of fluorescent proteins in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Edwards Sarah R. , Wandless Thomas J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFluorescent proteins are convenient tools for measuring protein expression levels in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Co‐expression of proteins from distinct vectors has been seen by fluorescence microscopy; however, the expression of two fluorescent proteins on the same vector would allow for monitoring of linked events. We engineered constructs to allow dicistronic expression of red and green fluorescent proteins and found that expression levels of the proteins correlated with their order in the DNA sequence, with the protein encoded by the 5′‐gene more highly expressed. To increase expression levels of the second gene, we tested four regulatory elements inserted between the two genes: the IRES sequences for the YAP1 and p150 genes, and the promoters for the TEF1 gene from both S. cerevisiae and Ashbya gossypii. We generated constructs encoding the truncated ADH1 promoter driving expression of the red protein, yeast‐enhanced Cherry, followed by a regulatory element driving expression of the green protein, yeast‐enhanced GFP. Three of the four regulatory elements successfully enhanced expression of the second gene in our dicistronic construct. We have developed a method to express two genes simultaneously from one vector. Both genes are codon‐optimized to produce high protein levels in yeast, and the protein products can be visualized by microscopy or flow cytometry. With this method of regulation, the two genes can be driven in a dicistronic manner, with one protein marking cells harbouring the vector and the other protein free to mark any event of interest. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The problem of raccoon intelligence in behaviourist America
Authors: PETTIT MICHAEL 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEven during its heyday, American behaviourist psychology was repeatedly criticized for the lack of diversity in its experimental subjects, with its almost exclusive focus on rats and pigeons. This paper revisits this debate by examining the rise and fall of a once promising alternative laboratory animal and model of intelligence, the raccoon. During the first two decades of the twentieth century, psychological investigations of the raccoon existed on the borderlands between laboratory experimentation, natural history and pet-keeping. Moreover, its chief advocate, Lawrence W. Cole, inhabited the institutional and geographic borderlands of the discipline. This liminality ultimately worked against the raccoon's selection as a standardized model during the behaviourist era. The question of raccoon intelligence was also a prominent topic in the contemporaneous debates over the place of sentiment in popular nature writing. Although Cole and others argued that the raccoon provided unique opportunities to study mental attributes such as curiosity and attention, others accused the animal's advocates of sentimentalism, anthropomorphism and nature faking. The paper examines the making and unmaking of this hybrid scientific culture as the lives of experimenters and animals became entangled.
Britain on the Couch: The Popularization of Psychoanalysis in Britain 1918—1940
Authors: Richards Graham 
Published: December 2009

The ArgumentDespite the enormous historical attention psychoanalysis has attracted, its popularization in Britain (as opposed to the United States) in the wake of the Great War has been largely overlooked. The present paper explores the sources and fate of the sudden “craze” for psychoanalysis after 1918, examining the content of the books through which the doctrine became widely known, along with the roles played by religious interests and the popular press. The percolation of Freudian and related language into everyday English was effectively complete by the 1930s. Crucially, it is argued that in Britain the character of psychoanalytic theory itself demonstrably converged with the psychological needs of the British population in the postwar period. The situation in Britain was clearly different in many respects from that in the United States. This episode bears on numerous questions about scientific popularization, the distinctiveness of British psychoanalysis, and though it is treated here only peripherally the epistemological status or nature of psychoanalysis. More generally the present paper may be read as an exercise in reflexive disciplinary historiography, in which the levels of discipline (“Psychology”) and subject matter (“psychology”) are viewed as interpenetrating and mutually constitutive.
The relationship between physical activity and mental health varies across activity intensity levels and dimensions of mental health among women and men
Authors: Asztalos Melinda , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse , Cardon Greet 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo explore gender-specific variations related to activity intensity in the relationship between physical activity (PA) and mental health (MH). Evaluating whether psychological well-being enhances with increases in PA at recommended levels and above, in the general population.DesignCross-sectional.SettingPopulation-based, representative for Belgium.SubjectsA total of 6803 adults aged 25–64 years from the Belgian National Health Interview Survey.ResultsMultiple logistic regression analyses showed that clearly different intensity levels characterised the PA that associated with MH in women and men. In men, inverse associations existed between participation in vigorous-intensity PA and feelings of depression (OR = 0·580; 95 % CI 0·405, 0·830), anxiety (OR = 0·547; 95 % CI 0·364, 0·821) and symptoms of somatisation (OR = 0·590; 95 % CI 0·398, 0·874). In women, positive associations existed between walking and emotional well-being (OR = 1·202; 95 % CI 1·038, 1·394) and inverse associations between participation in moderate-intensity PA and symptoms of somatisation (OR = 0·737; 95 % CI 0·556, 0·977). Secondary analyses confirmed that differences in psychological complaints were significant for vigorous PA in men, and for moderate PA in women, whereas differences in emotional well-being were significant for walking exclusively in women.ConclusionsIn the general population, the PA–MH relationship is always positive, regardless of activity intensity. In men, it addresses complaints (symptoms, palpable discomfort) and the optimal PA intensity is high. In women, it addresses complaints, but also distress (lowered mood, disturbing anxiety, altered well-being) and the PA intensity is mild.
Homology Modeling of Human α~2A~-Adrenoceptor
Authors: Patel Jignesh , G Gourja , Kumar Vivek , Narkhede Yogesh , Gupta Shikhar , Mohan C. Gopi 
Published: December 2009

Abstractα~2A~-adrenoceptor (ADA2A) is a membrane bound receptor which has been classified as the member of larger superfamily G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs); also known as seven transmembrane (7-TM) domains receptor. Around 50% drugs currently available in the market exert their effects through GPCRs. Membrane proteins are difficult to crystallize as compared to soluble proteins. There is a need of 3D-structure of ADA2A to understand binding modes of various agonists and antagonists and hence homology model of ADA2A was developed. Homology model of ADA2A constructed based on crystal structure of β~2~-adrenoceptor. The crystal structure of β~2~-adrenoceptor (PDB ID: 2RH1) was used as template, which has good sequence identity and higher resolution (2.4 Å) and models were generated using MODELLER9v7, among them some models were selected based on molpdf and DOPE score. The built homology model was evaluated using various programs like ERRAT, PROCHECK, PROSA2003, and WHAT_IF. The built homology model can be useful for designing more potent subtype selective antagonists or/and agonists and can provide guidance for mutagenesis studies.
Bisque: a platform for bioimage analysis and management
Authors: Kvilekval Kristian , Fedorov Dmitry , Obara Boguslaw , Singh Ambuj , Manjunath B. S. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Advances in the field of microscopy have brought about the need for better image management and analysis solutions. Novel imaging techniques have created vast stores of images and metadata that are difficult to organize, search, process and analyze. These tasks are further complicated by conflicting and proprietary image and metadata formats, that impede analyzing and sharing of images and any associated data. These obstacles have resulted in research resources being locked away in digital media and file cabinets. Current image management systems do not address the pressing needs of researchers who must quantify image data on a regular basis.
Results: We present Bisque, a web-based platform specifically designed to provide researchers with organizational and quantitative analysis tools for 5D image data. Users can extend Bisque with both data model and analysis extensions in order to adapt the system to local needs. Bisque's extensibility stems from two core concepts: flexible metadata facility and an open web-based architecture. Together these empower researchers to create, develop and share novel bioimage analyses. Several case studies using Bisque with specific applications are presented as an indication of how users can expect to extend Bisque for their own purposes.
Availability: Bisque is web based, cross-platform and open source. The system is also available as software-as-a-service through the Center of Bioimage Informatics at UCSB.
Contact: kris@cs.ucsb.edu; fedorov@ece.ucsb.edu
Supplementary information: The supplementary material is available at Bioinformatics online, including screen shots, metadata XML descriptions and implementation details.
Valéry: From Artistic Practice to a Conception of Drawing
Authors: Ryan Paul 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

This article examines the extensive artistic practice of Valéry, tracing its genesis back to his earliest drawing notebooks, many years before his legendary connections with the leading figures of the art world of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century (Degas, Monet, Picasso). Reminiscent of Leonardo da Vinci whose
Notebooks
informed the method and form of the
Cahiers
, Valéry commonly used drawing as a complementary graphic representation of the abstract and theoretical investigations in his own notebooks as well as using it as a genetic support in the manuscripts. However, for over sixty years much of his creative output gave independent expression in the form of watercolours to his innate artistic sensibility. Valéry was not only a very accomplished painter and engraver, but devised a comprehensive theory of drawing. While some of this research emerges in the monograph
Degas Danse Dessin
and in numerous prefaces for painters and sculptors, this conception was fully developed in the privacy of the
Cahiers
across a multitude of fragments which this article synthesizes.
Randomized Study Assessing the Accuracy of Cervical Facet Joint Nerve (Medial Branch) Blocks Using Different Injectate Volumes
Authors: Cohen Steven P. , Strassels Scott A. , Kurihara Connie , Forsythe Akara , Buckenmaier Chester C. , McLean Brian , Riedy Gerard , Seltzer Sharon 
Published: December 2009

Background
Neck pain is a frequent cause of disability, with facet joint arthropathy accounting for a large percentage of cases. The diagnosis of cervical facet joint pain is usually made with diagnostic blocks of the nerves that innervate them. Yet, medial branch blocks are associated with a high false-positive rate. One hypothesized cause of inaccurate diagnostic blocks is inadvertent extravasation of injectate into adjacent pain-generating structures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of medial branch blocks by using different injectate volumes.

Methods
Twenty-four patients received cervical medial branch blocks, using either 0.5 or 0.25 ml of bupivacaine mixed with contrast. One half of the patients in each group were suballocated to receive the blocks in the prone position and the other half through a lateral approach. Participants then underwent computed tomography of the cervical spine to evaluate accuracy and patterns of aberrant contrast spread.

Results
Sixteen instances of aberrant spread were observed in nine patients receiving blocks using 0.5 ml versus seven occurrences in six patients in the 0.25 ml group (P = 0.07). Aberrant spread was most commonly observed (57%) when an injection at C3 engulfed the third occipital nerve. Among the 86 nerve blocks, foraminal spread occurred in five instances using 0.5 ml and in two cases with 0.25 ml. The six "missed" nerves were equally divided between treatment groups. No significant difference in any outcome measure was observed between the prone and lateral positions.

Conclusions
Reducing the volume during cervical medial branch blocks may improve precision and accuracy.
Cerebral Blood Flow, Blood Volume, and Mean Transit Time Responses to Propofol and Indomethacin in Peritumor and Contralateral Brain Regions
Authors: Rasmussen Mads , Juul Niels , Christensen Søren M. , Jónsdóttir Kristjana Y. , Gyldensted Carsten , Vestergaard-Poulsen Peter , Cold Georg E. , Østergaard Leif 
Published: December 2009

Background
The regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to propofol and indomethacin may be abnormal in patients with brain tumors. First, the authors tested the hypothesis that during propofol anesthesia alone and combined with indomethacin, changes in CBF, cerebral blood volume (CBV), and plasma mean transit time (MTT) differ in the peritumoral tissue compared with the contralateral normal brain region. Second, the authors tested the hypothesis that CBF and CBV are reduced and MTT is prolonged, in both regions during propofol anesthesia and indomethacin administration compared with propofol alone.

Methods
The authors studied eight patients subjected to craniotomy under propofol-fentanyl anesthesia for supratentorial brain tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging, including perfusion- and diffusion-weighted and structural sequences, was performed (1) on the day before surgery, (2) before and (3) after administration of indomethacin in the propofol-fentanyl anesthetized patient, and (4) 2 days after surgery. Maps of CBF, CBV, and MTT were calculated. The regions of interest were peritumoral gray matter and opposite contralateral gray matter. Analysis of variance was used to analyze flow data.

Results
Propofol anesthesia was associated with a median 32% (range, 3-61%) and 47% (range, 17-67%) reduction in CBF in the peritumoral and contralateral regions, respectively.The interaction between intervention with propofol and indomethacin and region of interest was not significant for any flow modalities. Neither intervention nor region was significant for MTT, CBF, and CBV (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
The CBF, CBV, and MTT responses to propofol and indomethacin are not different in the peritumoral region compared with contralateral brain tissue. Indomethacin did not further influence regional CBF, CBV, and MTT during propofol anesthesia.
Blood Pressure, but Not Cerebrospinal Fluid Fentanyl Concentration, Predicts Duration of Labor Analgesia from Spinal Fentanyl
Authors: Nelson Kenneth E. , Houle Timothy T. , Eisenach James C. 
Published: December 2009

Background
There is a wide variability in dilution of drugs in cerebrospinal fluid after spinal injection, as measured near the site of injection. With local anesthetics, there is a wide variability in speed of onset, which correlates with block duration. The authors tested whether local cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations and onset time would predict duration of analgesia from spinal fentanyl in laboring women.

Methods
After written informed consent, fentanyl (50 microg) was injected using the combined spinal epidural method in 56 women requesting analgesia for labor. The stylet was reinserted in the spinal needle, and 60 s later, the cerebrospinal fluid was aspirated for fentanyl assay. Time to analgesia and duration of analgesia were recorded, and data were analyzed by linear regression.

Results
Fifty-two women were included for data analysis. The cerebrospinal fluid fentanyl concentrations were 3.1 +/- 5.9 microg/ml, with a 7-fold range (0.9-5.9 microg/ml). Fentanyl concentration did not correlate with onset, initial sensory level at 5 and 10 min, or duration of analgesia. Decreased diastolic and increased systolic blood pressure and lower parity, but not fentanyl concentrations, correlated with longer labor analgesia. The resultant model was predictive when applied to data from four previous studies of spinal opioid analgesia duration.

Conclusions
Contrary to our hypothesis, the local concentration of fentanyl in the cerebrospinal fluid 1 min after injection was not correlated with onset or duration of labor analgesia. The unexpected but consistent relationship between blood pressure and combined spinal epidural analgesia duration suggests that resting hemodynamic state affects the distribution and/or clearance of intrathecally administered opioids.
Fluid Resuscitation Does Not Improve Renal Oxygenation during Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats
Authors: Legrand Matthieu , Mik Egbert G. , Balestra Gianmarco M. , Lutter Rene , Pirracchio Romain , Payen Didier , Ince Can 
Published: December 2009

Background
The resuscitation strategy for hemorrhagic shock remains controversial, with the kidney being especially prone to hypoxia.

Methods
The authors used a three-phase hemorrhagic shock model to investigate the effects of fluid resuscitation on renal oxygenation. After a 1-h shock phase, rats were randomized into four groups to receive either normal saline or hypertonic saline targeting a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of either 40 or 80 mmHg. After such resuscitation, rats were transfused with the shed blood. Renal macro- and microcirculation were monitored with cortical and outer-medullary microvascular oxygen pressure, renal oxygen delivery, and renal oxygen consumption measured using oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence.

Results
Hemorrhagic shock was characterized by a drop of aortic blood flow, MAP, renal blood flow, renal oxygen delivery, renal oxygen consumption, and renal microvascular PO2. During the fluid resuscitation phase, normal saline targeting a MAP = 80 mmHg was the sole strategy able to restore aortic blood flow, renal blood flow, and renal oxygen consumption, although without improving renal oxygen delivery. However, none of the strategies using either normal saline or hypertonic saline or targeting a high MAP could restore the renal microvascular Po2. Blood transfusion increased microvascular Po2 but was unable to totally restore renal microvascular oxygenation to baseline values.

Conclusions
This experimental rat study shows that (1) high MAP-directed fluid resuscitation (80 mmHg) does not lead to higher renal microvascular Po2 compared with fluid resuscitation targeted to MAP (40 mmHg); (2) hypertonic saline is not superior to normal saline regarding renal oxygenation; and (3) decreased renal oxygenation persists after blood transfusion.