bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of double stratification on mixed convection heat and mass transfer from a vertical surface in a fluid‐saturated porous medium
Authors: Bansod V.J. , Jadhav R.K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper presents the mixed convection heat and mass transfer near a vertical surface in a stratified porous medium using an integral method. The conservation equations that govern the problem are reduced to a system of coupled non‐linear ordinary differential equations, which is then reduced into a single algebraic equation using exponential profiles for the temperature and concentration. The results for heat and mass transfer rates in terms of Nusselt and Sherwood number are presented for a wide range of governing parameters like the buoyancy ratio (N), Lewis number (Le), flow driving parameter (Ra/Pe), in addition to both thermal and solutal parameters (S and R). The results indicate that the stratification effects have considerable influence on both the heat and mass transfer rates. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20300
Observations of the morphology and sublimation‐induced changes in uncoated snow using scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Chen S. , Baker I. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe morphology of a fresh‐snow specimen and the sublimation‐induced structural changes in an individual snow crystal were examined using a high‐vacuum scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a cryo system. The snow specimen was collected during a snowfall in Hanover, NH, USA, and was initially maintained at liquid nitrogen temperature in order to prevent any structural changes. Without coating, snow crystals can sublimate in the SEM chamber at a rate that is mainly determined by the temperature of the specimen. After the initial morphology was examined at − 180 °C, sublimation was initiated by slowly increasing the stage temperature, and changes in morphology were recorded by taking images of an individual snow crystal intermittently and recording the temperatures and times. Severe morphological destructions due to sublimation occurred at around − 150 °C. This approach allowed us to closely observe both the initial morphology and the structural changes in snow crystals as they underwent sublimation, a significant process during snow metamorphism. These observations also serve as a reference for temperature selection in the study of uncoated snow with a similar morphology using a high‐vacuum SEM. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of water resource exploitation on the hydrology and water storage in Baiyangdian Lake
Authors: Moiwo Juana Paul , Yang Yonghui , Li Huilong , Han Shumin , Yang Yanmin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWater resources development and exploitation are critical for a viable and sustainable modern human society. Unfortunately, however, there is a considerable water storage depletion and environmental degradation in especially (semi)‐arid river basins due to the forces of population growth, urbanization, industrialization and intensive agricultural irrigation. Addressing water storage depletion is not only a question of research, but is very much a question of developing appropriate countermeasures to preserve valuable/fragile ecological systems. As one such effort, this study analyzes the hydrology and storage in Baiyangdian Lake as affected by water resources development and exploitation in the Baiyangdian Lake Catchment of Northern China. Three models, WetSpass (Water and Energy Transfer between Soil, Plants and the Atmosphere under quasi‐Steady State), WATBUD (Water Budget) and MODFLOW (USGS three‐dimensional finite‐difference groundwater flow model) were used in combination to simulate the hydrogeologic conditions in the lake catchment for 1956–2008. The model‐calibrated values are in good agreement with the measured values, withR2> 0·8 and RMSE < 10% of measured values. Runoff, the primary source of water for the lake storage, has steadily declined due mainly to multiple dam construction and reservoir impoundments in the headwater valleys and rivers in the catchment. In addition to dwindling runoff, groundwater levels have declined considerably due to over‐abstraction, mainly for agricultural irrigation. Additionally, evaporation or evapotranspiration is increasing in the lake catchment due to rising temperatures. The worsening hydrological conditions, amid the harsh semi‐arid climate, have resulted in considerable depletion of the storage and hydrology of Baiyangdian Lake. Sustainable countermeasures like agricultural water‐saving and infusion of external water (e.g., via by the South–North Water Transfer Project) could be a viable option for preserving not only the hydrology of the lake catchment, but also storage in Baiyangdian Lake. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The antidepressants maprotiline and fluoxetine induce Type II autophagic cell death in drug‐resistant Burkitt's lymphoma
Authors: Cloonan Suzanne M. , Williams David Clive 
Published: May 2010

AbstractResistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle for the success of cancer therapy and is most commonly attributed to the inability of cancer cells to die by apoptosis, the archetypal programed cell death (PCD) response. The development of anticancer drugs that can overcome this resistance to apoptosis and induce other forms of cell death is therefore paramount for efficient cancer therapy. We report that the antidepressants maprotiline and fluoxetine induce autophagic PCD in the chemoresistant Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell line DG‐75, which does not involve caspases, DNA fragmentation or PARP cleavage, but is associated with the development of cytoplasmic vacuoles, all consistent with an autophagic mode of PCD. Autophagic PCD was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, upregulation of Beclin‐I and the extent of PCD being reduced by the autophagic inhibitor 3‐MA. In contrast, these compounds induced apoptotic PCD in the biopsy‐like chemosensitive BL MUTU‐I cell line. We provide evidence that the chemoresistant DG‐75 cells do not express the proapoptotic Bcl‐2 proteins Bax and Bak, show diminished levels of stored intracellular calcium and display shortened rod‐like mitochondria, all of which are known to be associated with a defective “apoptotic” response in cancer cells. PCD in the two cell lines has different Ca2+ responses to maprotiline and fluoxetine, which may also account for their differential PCD responses. Our study, therefore, supports a new mechanistic role for maprotiline and fluoxetine as novel proautophagic agents in the treatment of resistant BL, and thus an alternative therapeutic application for these compounds.
Use of cyclin D1 in conjunction with human papillomavirus status to predict outcome in oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Hong Angela M. , Dobbins Timothy A. , Lee Cheok S. , Jones Deanna , Fei Jimin , Clark Jonathan R. , Armstrong Bruce K. , Harnett Gerald B. , Milross Christopher G. , Tran Nham , Peculis Luiza D. , Ng Cecilia , Milne Andrew G. , Loo Christine , Hughes Louise J. , Forstner Dion F. , O'Brien Christopher J. , Rose Barbara R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThere is increasing use of multiple molecular markers to predict prognosis in human cancer. Our aim was to examine the prognostic significance of cyclin D1 and retinoblastoma (pRb) expression in association with human papillomavirus (HPV) status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Clinical records and specimens of 226 patients with follow‐up from 1 to 235 months postdiagnosis were retrieved. Tumor HPV status was determined by HPV E6‐targeted multiplex real‐time PCR/p16 semiquantitative immunohistochemistry and cyclin D1 and pRb expression by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry. Determinants of recurrence and mortality hazards were modeled using Cox regression with censoring at dates of last follow‐up. The HPV‐positivity rate was 37% (91% type 16). HPV was a predictor of recurrence, an event (recurrence or death) and death after adjustment for clinicopathological variables. There were inverse relationships between HPV status and cyclin D1 and pRb. On univariate analysis, cyclin D1 predicted locoregional recurrence, event and death and pRb predicted event and death. Within the HPV‐positive group, after adjusting for clinicopathological factors, patients with cyclin D1‐positive cancers had up to a eightfold increased risk of poor outcome relative to those with cyclin D1‐negative tumors. However, within the HPV‐negative group, there was only a very small adjusted increased risk. A combination of pRb and HPV did not provide additional prognostic information. Our data provide the first evidence that a combination of HPV and cyclin D1 provides more prognostic information in oropharyngeal cancer than HPV alone. If findings are confirmed, treatment based on HPV and cyclin D1 may improve outcomes.
Allergy and glioma risk: Test of association by genotype
Authors: Dobbins Sara E. , Hosking Fay J. , Shete Sanjay , Armstrong Georgina , Swerdlow Anthony , Liu Yanhong , Yu Robert , Lau Ching , Schoemaker Minouk J. , Hepworth Sarah J. , Muir Kenneth , Bondy Melissa , Houlston Richard S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAlthough epidemiological studies have suggested an association between atopy and glioma risk, these observations have been based on self‐reporting of allergic conditions raising the possibility that associations may be noncausal and arise as a consequence of bias, reverse causation or other artifacts. Genetic information provides an alternative approach to investigate the relationship avoiding such biases. We analyzed 1,878 glioma cases and 3,670 controls for variants at 2q12, 5q12.1, 11q13 and 17q21 that are associated with asthma or eczema risk at p < 5.0 × 10−7. The SNP rs7216389, which tags the 3′ flanking region of ORMDL3 at 17q21 and has been associated with childhood asthma, was correlated with increased glioma risk (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01–1.19). These data provide evidence for a correlation between asthma susceptibility and glioma risk and illustrate the value of using genetics as an investigative tool for developing etiological hypotheses.
A novel BH3 mimetic S1 potently induces Bax/Bak‐dependent apoptosis by targeting both Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Song Ting , Zhang Tiantai , Gao Jin , Wu Guiye , An Lijia , Du Guanhua 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBroad spectrum Bcl‐2 small molecule inhibitors act as BH3 mimetics are effective antitumor agents. Herein, we have identified S1, a previously discovered small molecule Bcl‐2 inhibitor, as the first authentic BH3 mimetic as well as a dual, nanomolar inhibitor of Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1 (Ki = 310 nM and 58 nM, respectively). The results of fluorescence polarization assays, coimmunoprecipitation, fluorescent resonance energy transfer, and shRNA indicated that S1 can disrupt Bcl‐2/Bax, Mcl‐1/Bak and Bcl‐2/Bim heterodimerization in multiple cell lines, activate Bax accompanied by its translocation to mitochondrial, activate caspase 3 completely dependent on Bax/Bak, and in turn induce a Bim‐independent apoptosis. Moreover, S1 could induce apoptosis on the primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells regardless of Mcl‐1 level. Mechanism‐based single agent antitumor activity in a mouse xenograft H22 (mouse liver carcinoma) model ascertain its therapeutic potential. S1 represents a novel chemical class of antitumor leads that function solely as BH3 mimetics and pan‐Bcl‐2 inhibitors. In the meanwhile, S1 could become a unique tool for interactions between Bcl‐2 family proteins.
The risk of cervical cancer associated with specific types of human papillomavirus: A case–control study in a UK population
Authors: Powell Ned G. , Hibbitts Sam J. , Boyde Adam M. , Newcombe Robert G. , Tristram Amanda J. , Fiander Alison N. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMounting evidence supports incorporation of HPV testing into cervical screening; however, the optimal test format and target population have yet to be confirmed. Assessment of the potential benefits of type‐specific testing requires estimation of the risk associated with infection with individual HPV types. However, the risk posed by individual HPV types may be population specific and influenced by cervical screening practice. The existing data on HPV type‐specific risk is derived largely from unscreened populations. Our study addressed the lack of data on HPV type‐specific risk in cytologically screened populations using a case–control study of 262 invasive cervical cancers diagnosed in Wales between 2000 and 2006, and 8,428 controls who attended for cytological screening in 2004. The analysis showed that the odds ratios (ORs) for infection with HPV 16 and 18 are considerable; 2770 (95% CI 1050–7320) and 950 (95% CI 330–2740), respectively, and that the OR for other oncogenic types are in general considerably less (ranging, where quantified, from 20.2 to 386 in the same population). The effect of age on OR associated with particular HPV types was also assessed; this indicated that infection with a high‐risk HPV in women older than 40 years was associated with an approximately 30‐fold increased risk of invasive cervical cancer relative to women younger than 40 years. These results indicate that there is significant prognostic information associated with knowledge of HPV type.
Antioxidant capacity of binuclear Cu(II)‐cyclophanes, insights from two synthetic bioactive molecules
Authors: Sugich‐Miranda Rocio , Sotelo‐Mundo Rogerio R. , Silva‐Campa Erika , Hernández Jesús , Gonzalez‐Aguilar Gustavo A. , Velazquez‐Contreras Enrique F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe compounds 2,9,25,32‐tetraoxo‐4,7,27,30‐tetrakis(carboxymethyl)‐1,4,7,10,24,27,30,33‐octaaza‐17,40‐dioxa[10.1.10.1]paracyclophane and 2,9,25,32‐tetraoxo‐4,7,27,30‐tetrakis(carboxymethyl)‐1,4,7,10,24,27,30,33‐octaaza[10.1.10.1]paracyclophane binuclear copper complexes (Cu2PO and Cu2PC, respectively) were studied by determining their antioxidant capacity using the TROLOX equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, and their cytotoxicity on cultured cells, as well as the superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like activity. Cu2PO had an antioxidant capacity (0.1 g eq TROLOX mol−1) within the order of magnitude of ascorbic acid, and both, Cu2PO and Cu2PC were nontoxic to cultured peripheral mononuclear blood cells. The SOD‐like activity was evaluated using the nitroblue tetrazolium assay, and both compounds presented an excellent activity: for Cu2PO, the IC50 was 52 nM and for Cu2PC an IC50 of 0.5 μM was obtained comparable to CuZn SOD IC50 17 nM (Fernandes et al., J Inorg Biochem 2007;101:849–858). These results suggest that synthetic binuclear macrocycles are good candidates to be used as synthetic bioactive molecules with applications in biomedicine. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:379–383, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20350
Biochemical and molecular effects of gestational and lactational coexposure to lead and cadmium on ovarian steroidogenesis are associated with oxidative stress in f1 generation rats
Authors: Pillai Prakash , Pandya Chirayu , Gupta Sharad , Gupta Sarita 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFew studies have characterized the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in ovarian steroidogenesis disruption by heavy metals, such as lead and cadmium coexposure, on F1 generation offspring. In this study, adult pregnant female rats were treated subcutaneously (0.05 mg/kg of body weight per day) with sodium acetate (control), lead acetate, and cadmium acetate separately and in combination throughout gestational and lactational period, and all animals from each of the experimental groups were sacrificed by decapitation on postnatal day 56 for various assays. The activities of key steroidogenic enzymes (17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) decreased in all the metal‐treated groups. But the most significant decrease in the activities was observed in the cadmium‐treated group, whereas the combined exposure group showed an intermediate effect. Serum estradiol and progesterone levels were also significantly altered in all the metal‐treated groups, with the cadmium‐exposed group showing maximum reductions as compared with the control group. The inhibitory effects of lead and cadmium on ovarian steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA levels along with CYP11 mRNA levels were also observed. Ovarian cholesterol content measured also showed significant depletion in all the metal‐treated groups, with the cadmium‐exposed group showing the maximum depletion. The activities of ovarian enzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, were all significantly diminished along with significant depletion in nonenzymatic antioxidants. Lipid peroxidation was elevated significantly in all the metal‐treated groups. In conclusion, lead and cadmium inhibit ovarian steroidogenesis by downregulating StAR gene expression along with inhibiting activities of steroidogenic enzymes and antioxidant system. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:384–394, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20351
RETRACTED: The cardioprotective effects of a combination of quercetin and α‐tocopherol on isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarcted rats
Authors: Punithavathi V. R. , Stanely Mainzen Prince P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe present study aims to evaluate the combined protective effects of quercetin and α‐tocopherol on isoproterenol‐treated myocardial infarcted rats. Male albino Wistar rats were pretreated with a combination of quercetin (10 mg/kg) and α‐tocopherol (10 mg/kg) daily for 14 days. After the pretreatment, rats were injected isoproterenol (100 mg/kg) to induce myocardial infarction. Isoproterenol‐treated rats showed increased levels of serum troponins and increased intensities of serum lactate dehydrogenase‐1 and ‐2 isoenzyme bands. Isoproterenol treatment also showed significant decreased levels of antioxidant system and significant increased levels of plasma lipid peroxidation, plasma uric acid, and the heart calcium. Furthermore, isoproterenol‐treated rat's electrocardiogram showed elevated ST segments. Combined pretreatment with quercetin and α‐tocopherol normalized all the biochemical parameters and minimized the alterations in electrocardiogram. Histopathology of myocardium also confirmed the cardioprotective effects of quercetin and α‐tocopherol. In vitro studies confirmed the mechanism of action of quercetin and α‐tocopherol. Thus, quercetin and α‐tocopherol exhibited cardioprotective effects against isoproterenol‐induced cardiotoxicity due to their scavenging free radicals, improving antioxidants and maintaining Ca2+ levels. Our study also showed that combined pretreatment (quercetin and α‐tocopherol) was highly effective than single pretreatment (quercetin or α‐tocopherol). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:28–40 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20357
Expression and functions of the repressor element 1 (RE‐1)‐silencing transcription factor (REST) in breast cancer
Authors: Lv Hui , Pan Guoqing , Zheng Guopei , Wu Xiaoying , Ren Hongzheng , Liu Ying , Wen Jifang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe repressor element 1 (RE‐1)‐silencing transcription factor (REST), also known as the neuron‐restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) or repressor binding to the X2 box (XBR), REST/NRSF/XBR, is originally discovered as a transcriptional repressor of a large number of primarily terminal neuronal differentiation genes in non‐neuronal cells and neural stem cells (NSCs). Recently, the tumor‐suppressor function of REST is finally proved. However, the expression profile and function of REST in breast cancer are not very clear. In this study, the expression of REST was detected in breast cancer tissue by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that REST expression was significantly lower in breast cancer samples compared to normal and benign breast samples (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the shRNA approach was used to investigate the function of REST in human breast cancer cells. Knocking down REST expression by shRNA in the human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells resulted in an increase in cell proliferation, suppression in apoptosis, and reduced sensitivity to anticancer drug with a concurrent significantly up‐regulated expression of Bcl‐2. These data implied a significant role of REST in breast cancer. The reduced expression of REST might contribute to the breast cancer pathogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 968–974, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blockade of JAK2 activity suppressed accumulation of β‐catenin in leukemic cells
Authors: Liu Ya‐Chen , Lai Wei‐Chih , Chuang Kai‐An , Shen Yu‐Jie , Hu Wensi S. , Ho Cheng‐Han , Chen Yu‐Bei , Hsu Min‐Fen , Hsu Hui‐Chi , Lieu Chien‐Hui 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe Wnt/β‐catenin pathway has been implicated in leukemogenesis. We found β‐catenin abnormally accumulated in both human acute T cell leukemia Jurkat cells and human erythroleukemia HEL cells. β‐Catenin can be significantly down‐regulated by the Janus kinase 2 specific inhibitor AG490 in these two cells. AG490 also reduces the luciferase activity of a reporter plasmid driven by LEF/β‐catenin promoter. Similar results were observed in HEL cells infected with lentivirus containing shRNA against JAK2 gene. After treatment with 50 µM AG490 or shRNA, the mRNA expression levels of β‐catenin, APC, Axin, β‐Trcp, GSK3α, and GSK3β were up‐regulated within 12–16 h. However, only the protein levels of GSK3β and β‐Trcp were found to have increased relative to untreated cells. Knockdown experiments revealed that the AG490‐induced inhibition of β‐catenin can be attenuated by shRNA targeting β‐TrCP. Taken together; these results suggest that β‐Trcp plays a key role in the cross‐talk between JAK/STAT and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in leukemia cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 402–411, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Theoretical investigation of an energetic fullerene derivative
Authors: Tan Bisheng , Peng Rufang , Li Hongbo , Jin Bo , Chu Shijin , Long Xinping 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA self‐consistent estimation method for the thermochemical properties of N‐methyl‐3‐(2′,4′,6′‐trinitrobenzene)‐fulleropyrrolidine (MTNBFP) is presented. This method is based on enthalpy of formation (ΔfH) and enthalpy of combustion obtained from BLYP/DNP calculations of the total energies and frequencies for MTNBFP. The enthalpy of formation was calculated by an optimized set of isodesmic reactions given the available experimental ΔfH of relative compounds. MTNBFP has a high enthalpy of formation, 2782.2 kJ/mol. Detonation velocity and detonation pressure were also presented in terms of Kamlet and Jacobs equations. Drop hammer impact sensitivity tests and blasting point per 5 s tests indicate MTNBFP may be a potential candidate primary explosive. To understand the test results well, we proposed a series of chemical reaction mechanisms and interpreted the relationship between impact sensitivity and electronic structures from the viewpoint of nitro group charge, electrostatic potential, and vibrational modes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010