bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical investigation of the effects of health and education on income distribution and poverty in Islamic countries
Authors: Bakhtiari Sadegh , Meisami Hossein 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of health and education on income distribution and poverty in selected Islamic countries.Design/methodology/approachA model of income inequality along with a model of poverty, with same explanatory variables, are specified. In these models, the main variables are income level, health status, the level of education and the level of savings. The models are estimated using a panel data set for 37 Islamic countries covering eight time periods.FindingsThe results show that boosting the health and education status in Islamic countries will reduce income inequality and poverty in Islamic countries.Practical implicationsThe results of the empirical examination will help governments in Muslim world to identify areas that need to be improved upon in order to reduce income inequality and alleviate poverty.Originality/valueThe paper is the first of its kind, which provides empirical evidence that the health and education status is negatively associated with income inequality and poverty in Islamic countries.
Synthesis and applications of crosslinker TETS
Authors: Cui Shuling , Lewis D.M. 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to synthesise a novel crosslinker (crosslinker triethylthiosulphate (TETS)) which contains three Bunte groups in its molecule. The crosslinker is able to react with the hydroxyl groups in cellulosic fibres and the amino group in protein fibres so that it may find applications in many fields.Design/methodology/approachCrosslinker TETS was synthesised under constant reflux. Capillary electrophoresis analysis and Raman analysis were used to follow the synthetic reaction and characterise the product. The crosslinking between TETS and cellulose could be confirmed by infrared analysis and elemental analysis.FindingsCrosslinker TETS 2,2′,2″‐nitrilo‐TETS was synthesised with a yield of 71.3 per cent. The synthetic reaction follows the mechanism of first, aziridine‐forming and then cyclo‐opening by nucleophiles. A new low‐cost purifying method using ethanol at different temperatures with good yield was proposed.Research limitations/implicationsPractical applications of crosslinker TETS could be studied further.Practical implicationsCrosslinker TETS may find its use in durable‐press finish of cotton fabric, cellulosic fibre modifying to improve dyeing properties and increase fixation of reactive dyes, wet strength improvement of Kraft paper, anti‐fibrillating finish of Lyocell fibre, etc.Originality/valueA novel polyfunctional crosslinker which belongs to a new Bunte salt was created. The structure, the synthetic reaction, the separation method and the crosslinking reaction of crosslinker TETS have not been reported before.
Web 2.0 applications in top Chinese university libraries
Authors: Han Zhiping , Quan Liu Yan 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the status and construction pattern of Web 2.0 technologies employed in top Chinese university libraries, their functionalities and features.Design/methodology/approachA combination of online survey and content analysis methodology is applied to a sample of 38 top Chinese university libraries' web sites. The Web 2.0 tools are categorized by generally accepted standards with some adjustment for library practices. Data were collected by accessing these university library web sites on two separate occasions during the period of February 10‐20, 2009 by utilizing a checklist of 52 questions.FindingsMore than two‐thirds of the 38 top Chinese university libraries apply one or more kinds of Web 2.0 tools through the basic functions of their web sites. Among six types of tools, Catalog 2.0 and RSS are the most common, while IM, Blog, SNS and Wiki are less frequent.Research limitations/implicationsInternal applications that are not publicly accessible contain hidden information that may not be gathered through content analysis since these links usually cannot be found on library web sites. It is difficult to get exact information as to the applications of Web 2.0 in these libraries without an interview method in combination to observation.Originality/valueThis study provides an overall picture of Web 2.0 tools developed in top Chinese university libraries, allowing for future evaluation and planning. The implementation of Web 2.0 applications and their constructing pattern is not only indicative of the development of the Chinese digital libraries, but also to their development of digital libraries in the world at large.
Using the Robots.txt and Robots Meta tags to implement online copyright and a related amendment
Authors: Yang Chyan , Liao Hsien‐Jyh 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe Robots.txt and Robots Meta tags constitute a set of instruments that can be used to instruct software robots. However, the current version of Robots.txt and Robots Meta tags are both too simple and ambiguous in an internet world with many potential conflicts, especially in terms of copyright and trespass to chattels. This paper seeks to propose an amendment to the Robots.txt and Robots Meta tags to solve the problems.Design/methodology/approachInstead of following personal experience, this paper surveys several predominant cases in an attempt to find general principles that can be used as guidelines to amend the Robots.txt and Robots Meta tags.FindingsAccording to several court cases, the Robots.txt and Robots Meta tags can not only be used to simply allow or refuse the software robots, but also expressing the online copyright authorization policies of webmasters. Any robot following the given policies can prevent possible conflicts, and undoubtedly, any robot ignoring these may be in breach of the law. In terms of adapting to their new roles successfully, the Robots.txt and Robots Meta tags need some supplements and adoption; as a result, the webmasters can express their will more explicitly and avoid unnecessary disputes in relation to copyright authorization scope and trespass to chattels as well.Originality/valueThis paper reveals the new function of the Robots.txt and Robots Meta tags. Based on this new function, this paper points out the disadvantages of the current Robots.txt and Robots Meta tags and proposes new a comprehensive amendment based on this new function.
Interoperability of open access repositories in computer science and IT – an evaluation
Authors: Hanief Bhat Mohammad 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the interoperability of ten open access repositories in the field of computer science and IT.Design/methodology/approachThe repositories are identified from the OpenDOAR directory of OA repositories. Five documents from each repository are searched in ten search engines/data discovery tools (OAIster, Scirus, Google, MSN, Yahoo, All the Web, Ask, Altavista, AOL and Gigablast) for determining the visibility of repositories. The documents from each repository are selected randomly using the function sample ( ) of R software.FindingsNone of the repositories in the study are fully interoperable (the visibility of repositories in search engines/data discovery tools range from 4 per cent to 92 per cent). OAI‐PMH compliance enhances the visibility of the repositories considerably. Google and MSN retrieved the highest number of documents from the repositories and Gigablast the least.Originality/valueThe paper will encourage the repository administrators to improve the visibility of their repositories keeping in view the indexing policies of various search engines to ensure maximum research impact.
Improving the effectiveness of Islamic micro‐financing
Authors: bin Mislan Cokro Hadisumarto Widiyanto , Ghafar B. Ismail Abdul 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to suggest a way to improve the effectiveness of Islamic micro‐financing in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThe approach taken to measure and evaluate the effectiveness of micro‐financing is to point out the change of micro‐enterprises' business performance and then develop a concept based on the research findings and literature review.FindingsThe implementation of Islamic micro‐financing, which was preceded by selection process of micro‐enterprises and also accompanied by business control, incentive system, and construct good relationship, is effective in developing micro‐enterprises and improving the household income. However, an integrated program as an effort to improve the effectiveness of Islamic micro‐financing is still necessary.Practical implicationsMicro‐enterprises' development requires not only provision of financing in an interest free‐based system, but it also needs the provision of other services. For the purpose of holistic approach for micro‐enterprises' development and poverty alleviation, the spiritual development, especially via internalizing Islamic moral values in an entrepreneur's consciousness, is also necessary. In addition, poverty alleviation will be successful if Islamic financing is conducted in many areas, and the government takes part in this program.Originality/valueThis paper shows how, in the Islamic perspective, spiritual development is necessary in improving the effectiveness of financing.
Consumer receptiveness to international retail market entry
Authors: Alexander Nicholas , Doherty Anne Marie , Carpenter Jason M. , Moore Marguerite 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a suggested framework for improving the understanding of consumer receptiveness to incoming international retailers. The consumer perception of country of origin against consumer receptiveness index (CRI) is proposed as a method to explore the receptiveness of consumers in the host market to incoming international retailers.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviews the international retailing literature, highlighting the need for specific knowledge regarding consumer receptiveness to incoming international retailers. A method is proposed to explore how consumers in the host market respond to incoming international retail firms.FindingsThe literature review indicates that the majority of the extant work investigates the process from the perspective of the internationalising retailer, while consumer receptiveness to the international retailer has not been fully considered.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper does not present an empirical study. The consumer perception of country of origin against CRI is presented as a means to suggest and guide future research in the area.Practical implicationsThe paper makes a practical contribution by suggesting a method to explore how consumers in the host country receive incoming international retailers.Originality/valueThis paper is unique because previous research has provided limited knowledge of consumer receptiveness to international retailers.
Retail kiosks: how regret and variety influence consumption
Authors: Krishen Anjala S. , Bui My˜ , Peter Paula C. 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to gain insight regarding the impact of consumer regret on shopping in mall kiosks and its relationship with consumer variety‐seeking tendencies.Design/methodology/approachTwo experimental studies are carried out with students and consumers.FindingsFindings of the two studies show that variety and regret play an important role in mall kiosk shopping. Both studies show that individual variety‐seeking tendencies naturally stimulate consumers' search for retailers that allow them additional options (i.e. kiosk retailers that provide higher perceived variety) in comparison with those who only offer minimal assortment sizes.Research limitations/implicationsMall kiosks are becoming an increasingly common avenue for the release of innovative products and quick entry into the retail market. These outlets have not been studied through academic research and experimentation, and this paper introduces the importance of consumer decision making in such environments.Practical implicationsConsidering the findings of this research, it is in the best interest of retailers to minimize the perception of risk involved in purchases at mall kiosk retailers. For example, kiosk retailers should work toward creating service environments where consumers feel a sense of control, as this should help mitigate some of the perceived risks in those retailers.Originality/valueThis paper relates two constructs (regret and variety), which have proven to be very important in e‐tail and retail shopping, to show how they can minimize consumer's perceived risk during a shopping experience.
“Involuntary self‐employment” as a public policy issue: a cross‐country European review
Authors: Kautonen Teemu , Down Simon , Welter Friederike , Vainio Pekka , Palmroos Jenni , Althoff Kai , Kolb Susanne 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThere is growing political interest in new forms of precarious self‐employment located in a “grey area” between employment and self‐employment. A wide range of concepts has been used to debate this issue, and this paper aims to clarify these debates through the concept of involuntary self‐employment.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews the empirical, conceptual and legal‐policy approaches to involuntary self‐employment via three country case studies in Finland, Germany and the UK. A range of relevant domestic academic literature, articles in the media, selected key expert interviews, and policy and legal documents are employed.FindingsConceptual clarity regarding involuntary self‐employment is achieved through a discussion of two aspects of the phenomenon: the characteristics of involuntariness from a motives‐based perspective, and the legal/economic perspectives and policy issues. The motives‐based analysis argues that involuntariness as such does not seem to have severe implications on the individuals' well being, given that the individual earns a satisfactory livelihood from her or his business activities. The discussion of the characteristics of and regulation related to working arrangements in the “grey area” between employment and self‐employment, where the self‐employed individual is strongly dependent on the principal, shows that it is very difficult to regulate quasi self‐employment without harming “voluntary” forms of enterprise and inter‐firm cooperation at the same time.Originality/valueThe key contribution of the paper is to facilitate a foundation for subsequent empirical research and policy development.
Perceptions of police: an empirical study of Chinese college students
Authors: Wu Yuning , Sun Ivan Y. 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThis study aims to examine Chinese college students' perceptions of police.Design/methodology/approachUsing survey data collected from over 400 college students in two cities, the study empirically analyzes the global and specific perceptions of police among Chinese college students and factors that accounted for the variation in Chinese college students' evaluations of police. The study incorporates a broader range of explanatory variables to explain Chinese college students' attitudes toward the police, including demographic characteristics, crime and criminal justice experience, perceptions of quality of life, and locality. The study reviews research on public perceptions of police published in Chinese academic journals.FindingsCollege students' global satisfaction with police as well as their specific evaluations of police fairness, effectiveness, and integrity were significantly related to their crime and criminal justice experience, perceived quality of life, and locality. Students' background characteristics only had a weak effect on attitudes toward police.Research limitations/implicationsMore empirical research is warranted to gauge the extent of Chinese satisfaction with police and police performance. Future research should continue incorporating crime and criminal justice factors into analysis.Practical implicationsFindings of the study provide Chinese police administrators with useful references and directions to improve police‐community relations..Originality/valueThis study represents one of the few attempts to empirically assess Chinese citizens' perceptions of police. It examines not just Chinese college students' global satisfaction with the police, but also their more specific views of various areas of police performance including fairness, effectiveness, and integrity.
Policing in the wild: the game wardens' perspective
Authors: Patten Ryan 
Published: March 2010

PurposeNumerous research studies have analyzed the difficulties of implementing community‐oriented policing (COP) in policing agencies, but there is no research examining this phenomenon in a natural resource law enforcement department. This paper aims to examine Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife law enforcement officers' attitudes and opinions regarding their agency's paradigm shift toward COP to gain compliance with resource‐protective regulations.Design/methodology/approachData are collected through the use of 43 semi‐structured interviews and ten ride‐alongs to determine the officers' commitment to use of COP in resolving contentious natural resource disputes.FindingsThis paper reaffirms findings of other COP studies regarding the need to have clear communication about officers' roles under COP and the necessity for the department to reformulate its evaluations of officer production and progress.Practical implicationsOther regulatory agencies can apply the lessons learned from this research, which demonstrate that capitalizing on veteran officers' positive experiences and rewarding officers engaged with COP are important steps to consider when attempting an agency shift from feared “regulator” to a trustworthy “collaborative problem solver”. Based on the conclusions of this research, policing and other regulatory administrators should not assume that their veteran officers are unwilling to accept a change in their roles and duties, and seasoned employees can also be determined leaders when training new recruits.Originality/valueIn a stark contradiction to other COP research, the paper reveals that veteran officers are significantly more likely to accept and utilize COP approaches as opposed to their younger counterparts.
Electronic control devices and use of force outcomesIncidence and severity of use of force, and frequency of injuries to arrestees and police officers
Authors: Lin Yu‐Sheng , Jones Tonisha R. 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to address a deficit in the criminal justice literature by examining patterns of electronic control device (ECD) use and effectiveness as reflected in 1,188 official police use‐of‐force report records collected over a three‐year period (2005‐2007) by the Washington State Patrol (WSP).Design/methodology/approachChi‐square,t‐test, ANOVA and logistic regression analysis were employed to analyze the data with respect to patterns of use and outcomes for officers and arrestees.FindingsThe findings observed indicate that the ECD tended to replace several other types of force used to gain compliance, tended to resolve incidents involving the use of force with fewer forms of force being used, and decreased officer injury rates. The ECD was rated as generally effective by officers, but not as effective as other methods of gaining compliance in life‐threatening situations. Results concerning suspect injury rates were somewhat mixed.Research limitations/implicationsRelying on the official self‐report from a single agency limits the ability to generalize to other law enforcement agencies.Practical implicationsThe paper indicates the importance of providing for the systematic collection of data on police use of force involving the threat of use and deployment of the ECD.Originality/valueA number of questions concerning ECD's appropriate use, effectiveness, and potential for harm have remained largely unanswered. The paper addresses this deficit in the criminal justice literature.
SEC and CFTC issue Joint Report on Regulatory Harmonization
Authors: Dropkin Charles E. 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to summarize the Joint Report on Regulatory Harmonization issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) on October 16, 2009.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explains the background and purpose of the report and lists its recommendations concerning the regulation of markets and financial intermediaries, enforcement, and operations coordination.FindingsThe paper finds that Congress is not currently considering any bills that would combine the SEC and CFTC. SEC Chairman Mary Schapiro said the agencies want to “fill regulatory gaps, eliminate inconsistent oversight, and promote greater collaboration.”Originality/valueThe paper summarizes the Joint Report on Regulatory Harmonization issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission on October 16, 2009.
Summary of selected FINRA regulatory notices and disciplinary actions September‐November 2009
Authors: Davis Henry A. 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this summary is to provide excerpts of selected Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) regulatory notices and disciplinary actions issued in September, October, and November 2009 and a sample of disciplinary actions during that period.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides excerpts from FINRA Regulatory Notice 09‐57, September 2009, Trade Reporting and Compliance Engine (TRACE); Regulatory Notice 09‐58, October 2009, Best Execution and Interpositioning; and Regulatory Notice 09‐66, November 2009, FINRA BrokerCheck. It also summarizes three disciplinary actions.Findings(09‐57) Effective March 1, 2010, firms must begin reporting transactions in Agency Debt Securities and primary market transactions and otherwise comply with all other requirements in the TRACE Rules, as amended, and amended FINRA Rule 7730. (09‐58) NASD Rule 2320(a) requires firms and their associated persons to use reasonable diligence to ascertain the best market for a security when handling transactions for or with a customer or a customer of another broker‐dealer. The amendments delete the requirement that, if a firm interposes a third party, the total costs and proceeds of the transaction must be better than the prevailing market and replace it with a specific obligation to apply the factors enumerated in Rule 2320(a) when a firm interjects a third party between the firm and the best available market. (09‐66) The primary purpose of BrokerCheck is to help investors make informed choices about the individuals and firms with which they do business.Originality/valueThese are direct excerpts designed to provide a useful digest for the reader and an indication of regulatory trends. The FINRA staff are aware of this summary but have neither reviewed nor edited it. For further details as well as other useful information, the reader should visit www.finra.org