bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International differences in understanding recovery: systematic review
Authors: Slade M. , Leamy M. , Bacon F. , Janosik M. , Le Boutillier C. , Williams J. , Bird V. 
Published: March 2012

Aims.Mental health policy internationally varies in its support for recovery. The aims of this study were to validate an existing conceptual framework and then characterise by country the distribution, scientific foundations and emphasis in published recovery conceptualisations.Methods.Update and modification of a previously published systematic review and narrative synthesis of recovery conceptualisations published in English.Results.A total of 7431 studies were identified and 429 full papers reviewed, from which 105 conceptualisations in 115 papers were included and quality assessed using established rating scales. Recovery conceptualisations were identified from 11 individual countries, with 95 (91%) published in English-speaking countries, primarily the USA (47%) and the UK (25%). The scientific foundation was primarily qualitative research (53%), non-systematic literature reviews (24%) and position papers (12%). The conceptual framework was validated with the 18 new papers. Across the different countries, there was a relatively similar distribution of codings for each of five key recovery processes.Conclusions.Recovery as currently conceptualised in English-language publications is primarily based on qualitative studies and position papers from English-speaking countries. The conceptual framework was valid, but the development of recovery conceptualisations using a broader range of research designs within other cultures and non-majority populations is a research priority.
Can mesenchymal stem cells reduce vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra to oxidative insult in individuals at risk to Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Datta Indrani , Bhonde Ramesh 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPD (Parkinson's disease) is characterized by the selective loss of DA (dopaminergic) neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain region, but not in the ventral tegmental area and other catecholaminergic cell group areas. The aetiology of PD is attributed both to environmental and genetic causes, and certain population of individuals may be classified as at risk of developing PD later in life. However, there are as yet no therapy regimens that can help to delay or prevent the onset of the disease to realize long‐term benefits from this early diagnosis. In PD, a vicious cycle gets initiated in the substantia nigra, because of which susceptible neurons continue to degenerate whereas damaged neurons do not get enough support for regeneration. This happens primarily because of the local environment of oxidative damage brought about by the dual presence of dopamine and high levels of iron, decline in cellular detoxification systems and low density of glial cells surrounding the DA neurons in the mesencephalic region. To enhance the defence mechanism of the substantia nigra in this situation, it is necessary to combat the oxidative insult while providing trophic factors for the survival and regeneration of the damaged neurons. In light of in vitro and in vivo studies, MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) as candidates for cell‐based therapies in PD have greater scope than as mere replacement of cell type, since they can be used as a cellular system for the detoxification of ROS (reactive oxygen species) as well as a supplier of neurotrophic factors to modulate the local environment. Building on progress in unravelling the multipronged effect of MSCs, we therefore hypothesize that MSCs could be used as a prophylactic strategy to delay or prevent the onset of PD in at‐risk individuals, and to slow down the progression of the disease.
Conflicting Interests: The British and Irish Suffrage Movements
Authors: Ward Margaret 
Published: March 2012

This article uses a case-study of the relationship between the British suffrage organization, the Women's Social and Political Union, and its equivalent on the Irish side, the Irish Women's Franchise League, in order to illuminate some consequences of the colonial relationship between Britain and Ireland. As political power was located within the British state, and the British feminist movement enjoyed superior resources, the Irish movement was at a disadvantage. This was compounded by serious internal divisions within the Irish movement — a product of the dispute over Ireland's constitutional future — which prevented the Franchise League, sympathetic to the nationalist demand for independence — from establishing a strong presence in the North. The consequences of the British movement organizing in Ireland, in particular their initiation of a militant campaign in the North, are explored in some detail, using evidence provided by letters from the participants. British intervention was clearly motivated from British-inspired concerns rather than from any solidarity with the situation of women in Ireland, proving to be disastrous for the Irish, accentuating their deep-rooted divisions. The overall argument is that feminism cannot be viewed in isolation from other political considerations. This case-study isolates the repercussions of Britain's imperial role for both British and Irish movements: ostensibly with a common objective but in reality divided by their differing response to the constitutional arrangement between the two countries. For this reason, historians of Irish feminist movements must give consideration to the importance of the ‘national question’ and display a more critical attitude towards the role played by Britain in Irish affairs.
Beleaguered but Determined: Irish Women Writers in Irish
Authors: Harris Mary N. 
Published: March 2012

A growing number of Irish women have chosen to write in Irish for reasons varying from a desire to promote and preserve the Irish language to a belief that a marginalized language is an appropriate vehicle of expression for marginalized women. Their work explores aspects of womanhood relating to sexuality, relationships, motherhood and religion. Some feel hampered by the lack of female models. Until recent years there were few attempts on the part of women to explore the reality of women's lives through literature in Irish. The largely subordinate role played by women in literary matters as teachers, translators, and writers of children's literature reflected the position of women in Irish society since the achievement of independence in the 1920s. The work of earlier women poets has, for the most part, lain buried in manuscripts and is only recently being excavated by scholars. The problems of writing for a limited audience have been partially overcome in recent years by increased production of dual-language books. The increase in translation has sparked off an intense controversy among the Irish language community, some of whom are concerned that both the style and content of writing in Irish are adversely influenced by the knowledge that the literature will be read largely in translation. Nevertheless, translation also has positive implications. Interest in women's literature is helping to break down the traditional barriers between Irish literature in Irish and in English. The isolation of Irish literature in Irish is further broken down by the fact that women writers in Irish and their critics operate in a wider international context of women's literature.
Creating a Space for Absent Voices: Disabled Women's Experience of Receiving Assistance with Daily Living Activities
Authors: Morris Jenny 
Published: March 2012

Feminist research on community care and ‘informal carers’ identified this as a women's issue but failed to address the interests and experiences of older and disabled women – those who received ‘care’ One consequence is that such feminist research has implicitly, and sometimes explicitly, undermined disabled women's rights to a home, children and personal relationships. Using qualitative research, the article highlights the actual experience of women whose physical impairment means that they need help with daily living activities, looking at the different circumstances in which such help is received. The disability movement's concept of ‘independent living’ raises particular issues for disabled women. ‘Independent living’ is about having choice and control over the assistance needed, rather than necessarily doing everything for yourself. However, gender inequalities may also inhibit the choice and control that women have in their lives. Assistance can be given within a personal relationship as an expression of love, but disabled women may also experience abusive, restrictive or exploitative relationships. Public services do not generally provide assistance in a way which enables a woman to have choice and control in her life, or even to carry out child-caring or homemaking tasks. The research on the various ways of receiving personal assistance found that those women who were able to purchase their own help were most likely to be living independently, in the sense of exerting choice and control in their lives. Feminist research can help to create a space for disabled women's absent voices, and add to the pressure for change in the way that personal assistance needs are met. This is a human and civil rights issue which has a key impact on the control that disabled women have over their lives.
Pat Cadigan's Synners: Refiguring Nature, Science and Technology
Authors: Chernaik Laura 
Published: March 2012

This article analyses an anti-essentialist SF novel, focusing on the extent to which anti-foundationalism enables a more accurate as well as a more productive representation of postmodernity. My argument stresses the ways in which Pat Cadigan's novel Synners, mostly because of its remarkable narrative form, challenges some of the most dangerous norms and normativity of American thought and culture. I argue, that, in order to understand this complex novel correctly, we must approach technoscience and transnational capitalism as separate, interacting discourses and material practices. The representations of technoscience, in the novel, are definitely not ‘figures’ for late capitalism: they are representations of a discourse which interacts with capitalism in the fictional world as in the real world. Contrary to what has been suggested by a number of critics writing about Foucault, use of this notion of discourse does not preclude use of notions of agency. As the queer theorists who have drawn on Foucault's work show, agency can be theorized in terms compatible with the notions of discourses, material practices and technologies. My discussion of Synners thus focuses on questions of agency, showing how Cadigan uses a deconstruction of Judeo-Christian religious tropes to argue for a responsible, and knowledgable, ‘incurably informed’ approach to technology.
Scaling behaviour of a-IGZO TFTs with transparent a-IZO source/drain electrodes
Authors: Jeong Jaewook , Lee Gwang Jun , Kim Joonwoo , Choi Byeongdae 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We analysed the scaling behaviour of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin-film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs) with amorphous indium zinc oxide (a-IZO) transparent source/drain (S/D) electrodes. Due to the sputtering damage of the back-channel region during the a-IZO deposition process, the output characteristics show early saturation behaviour and the field-effect mobility in the saturation region is severely decreased in comparison with that in the linear region, especially when the channel length is decreased. Based on the transmission line method, we found that a long gate overlap distance is required due to the long current transfer length. Therefore, optimizing the parasitic resistance is required for the scaling down of a-IGZO TFTs with transparent a-IZO S/D electrodes.
Predicting the lethal phenotype of the knockout mouse by integrating comprehensive genomic data
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Xu Yanxun , Xu Jianfeng , Ball Robyn L. , Liang Han 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMotivation: The phenotypes of knockout mice provide crucial information for understanding the biological functions of mammalian genes. Among various knockout phenotypes, lethality is of great interest because those involved genes play essential roles. With the availability of large-scale genomic data, we aimed to assess how well the integration of various genomic features can predict the lethal phenotype of single-gene knockout mice.Results: We first assembled a comprehensive list of 491 candidate genomic features derived from diverse data sources. Using mouse genes with a known phenotype as the training set, we integrated the informative genomic features to predict the knockout lethality through three machine learning methods. Based on cross-validation, our models could achieve a good performance (accuracy = 73% and recall = 63%). Our results serve as a valuable practical resource in the mouse genetics research community, and also accelerate the translation of the knowledge of mouse genes into better strategies for studying human disease.Contact: hliang1@mdanderson.orgSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SEQanswers: an open access community for collaboratively decoding genomes
Authors: Li Jing-Woei , Schmieder Robert , Ward R. Matthew , Delenick Joann , Olivares Eric C. , Mittelman David 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Summary: The affordability of high-throughput sequencing has created an unprecedented surge in the use of genomic data in basic, translational and clinical research. The rapid evolution of sequencing technology, coupled with its broad adoption across biology and medicine, necessitates fast, collaborative interdisciplinary discussion. SEQanswers provides a real-time knowledge-sharing resource to address this need, covering experimental and computational aspects of sequencing and sequence analysis. Developers of popular analysis tools are among the &gt;4000 active members, and ~40 peer-reviewed publications have referenced SEQanswers.
Availability: The SEQanswers community is freely accessible at http://SEQanswers.com/
Contact: david.mittelman@vt.edu; ecolivares@gmail.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Barley ROP Binding Kinase1 Is Involved in Microtubule Organization and in Basal Penetration Resistance to the Barley Powdery Mildew Fungus
Authors: Huesmann Christina , Reiner Tina , Hoefle Caroline , Preuss Jutta , Jurca Manuela E. , Domoki Mónika , Fehér Attila , Hückelhoven Ralph 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Certain plant receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases were reported to interact with small monomeric G-proteins of the RHO of plant (ROP; also called RAC) family in planta and to be activated by this interaction in vitro. We identified a barley (Hordeum vulgare) partial cDNA of a ROP binding protein kinase (HvRBK1) in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid screenings with barley HvROP bait proteins. Protein interaction of the constitutively activated (CA) barley HvROPs CA HvRACB and CA HvRAC1 with full-length HvRBK1 was verified in yeast and in planta. Green fluorescent protein-tagged HvRBK1 appears in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm, but CA HvRACB or CA HvRAC1 can recruit green fluorescent protein-HvRBK1 to the cell periphery. Barley HvRBK1 is an active kinase in vitro, and activity is enhanced by CA HvRACB or GTP-loaded HvRAC1. Hence, HvRBK1 might act downstream of active HvROPs. Transient-induced gene silencing of barley HvRBK1 supported penetration by the parasitic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, suggesting a function of the protein in basal disease resistance. Transient knockdown of HvRBK1 also influenced the stability of cortical microtubules in barley epidermal cells. Hence, HvRBK1 might function in basal resistance to powdery mildew by influencing microtubule organization.
Light Intensity-Dependent Modulation of Chlorophyll b Biosynthesis and Photosynthesis by Overexpression of Chlorophyllide a Oxygenase in Tobacco
Authors: Biswal Ajaya K. , Pattanayak Gopal K. , Pandey Shiv S. , Leelavathi Sadhu , Reddy Vanga S. , Govindjee  , Tripathy Baishnab C. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Chlorophyll b is synthesized by the oxidation of a methyl group on the B ring of a tetrapyrrole molecule to a formyl group by chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO). The full-length CAO from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was overexpressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) that grows well at light intensities much higher than those tolerated by Arabidopsis. This resulted in an increased synthesis of glutamate semialdehyde, 5-aminolevulinic acid, magnesium-porphyrins, and chlorophylls. Overexpression of CAO resulted in increased chlorophyll b synthesis and a decreased chlorophyll a/b ratio in low light-grown as well as high light-grown tobacco plants; this effect, however, was more pronounced in high light. The increased potential of the protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase activity and chlorophyll biosynthesis compensated for the usual loss of chlorophylls in high light. Increased chlorophyll b synthesis in CAO-overexpressed plants was accompanied not only by an increased abundance of light-harvesting chlorophyll proteins but also of other proteins of the electron transport chain, which led to an increase in the capture of light as well as enhanced (40%–80%) electron transport rates of photosystems I and II at both limiting and saturating light intensities. Although the quantum yield of carbon dioxide fixation remained unchanged, the light-saturated photosynthetic carbon assimilation, starch content, and dry matter accumulation increased in CAO-overexpressed plants grown in both low- and high-light regimes. These results demonstrate that controlled up-regulation of chlorophyll b biosynthesis comodulates the expression of several thylakoid membrane proteins that increase both the antenna size and the electron transport rates and enhance carbon dioxide assimilation, starch content, and dry matter accumulation.
Analysis of randomly oriented structures by grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering
Authors: Korolkov Denis , Busch Peter , Willner Lutz , Kentzinger Emmanuel , Rücker Ulrich , Paul Amitesh , Frielinghaus Henrich , Brückel Thomas 
Published: March 2012

A formalism is presented which allows the quantitative evaluation of data from grazing-incidence small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering – GISANS and GISAXS – in the framework of the distorted wave Born approximation. While several aspects have been reported previously, this formalism combines solutions for scattering intensities in both reflection and transmission hemispheres, taking into account instrumental resolution effects. This formalism is applied to the case of GISANS from self-organized diblock copolymers, ordered in perpendicular lamellar structures on an Si wafer in randomly oriented short-range-ordered regions. The periodicity ofD= 85 (9) nm found for deuterated polystyrene–polybutadiene of molecular weight Mw= 165 kg mol−1and a molecular weight fraction of the deuterated polystyrene block of 52% is consistent with atomic force microscopy and specular neutron reflectivity results.
To B or not to B: a question of resolution?
Authors: Merritt Ethan A. 
Published: March 2012

In choosing and refining any crystallographic structural model, there is tension between the desire to extract the most detailed information possible and the necessity to describe no more than what is justified by the observed data. A more complex model is not necessarily a better model. Thus, it is important to validate the choice of parameters as well as validating their refined values. One recurring task is to choose the best model for describing the displacement of each atom about its mean position. At atomic resolution one has the option of devoting six model parameters (a `thermal ellipsoid') to describe the displacement of each atom. At medium resolution one typically devotes at most one model parameter per atom to describe the same thing (a `B factor'). At very low resolution one cannot justify the use of even one parameter per atom. Furthermore, this aspect of the structure may be described better by an explicit model of bulk displacements, the most common of which is the translation/libration/screw (TLS) formalism, rather than by assigning some number of parameters to each atom individually. One can sidestep this choice between atomic displacement parameters and TLS descriptions by including both treatments in the same model, but this is not always statistically justifiable. The choice of which treatment is best for a particular structure refinement at a particular resolution can be guided by general considerations of the ratio of model parameters to the number of observations and by specific statistics such as the Hamilton R-factor ratio test.
Challenges and surprises that arise with nucleic acids during model building and refinement
Authors: Scott William G. 
Published: March 2012

The process of building and refining crystal structures of nucleic acids, although similar to that for proteins, has some peculiarities that give rise to both various complications and various benefits. Although conventional isomorphous replacement phasing techniques are typically used to generate an experimental electron-density map for the purposes of determining novel nucleic acid structures, it is also possible to couple the phasing and model-building steps to permit the solution of complex and novel RNA three-dimensional structures without the need for conventional heavy-atom phasing approaches.
The educational value of using cumulative sum charts
Authors: Smith S. E. , Tallentire V. R. , Spiller J. , Wood S. M. , Cameron H. S. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryVarious workplace‐based assessment tools are available, but none have been shown to improve performance in procedural skills. This study aimed to assess the impact of using one such tool, cumulative sum charts, on procedural skill ability. A single‐blind randomised controlled trial was conducted on 82 final year medical students. Control group students received the usual teaching; in addition to this, intervention group students were provided with cumulative sum charts to log their cannulation attempts over a 7‐month period. At the end of the year, students from both groups undertook a validated test of automaticity of cannulation skill. Students in the intervention group obtained median (IQR [range]) scores of 68.2 (60.5–74.3 [42.7–81.1]) vs 62.2 (52.2–68.8 [40.7–80.5]) for the control group (p = 0.013). The effect size was moderate (Cohen’s d = 0.608). This study therefore provides support for the hypothesis that use of cumulative sum charts improves performance when learning procedural skills.