bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependences for air-broadened Lorentz half-width and pressure shift coefficients in the 30013←00001 and 30012←00001 bands of CO2 near 1600 nm This article is part of a Special Issue on Spectroscopy at the University of New Brunswick in honour of Colan Linton and Ron Lees.
Authors: Predoi-Cross A. , McKellar A. R.W. , Benner D. Chris , Devi V. Malathy , Gamache R. R. , Miller C. E. , Toth R. A. , Brown L. R. 
Published: September 2009

In this study, 39 high-resolution spectra of pure and air-broadened CO2 recorded at temperatures between 215 and 294 K were analyzed using a multispectrum nonlinear least-squares technique to determine temperature dependences of air-broadened Lorentz half-width and air-induced pressure shift coefficients for over 100 individual 12C16O2 transitions in the 30012←00001 (at 6348 cm–1) and 30013←00001 (at 6228 cm–1) bands. Data were recorded with two different Fourier transform spectrometers (Kitt Peak FTS at the National Solar Observatory in Arizona and the Bomem FTS at NRC, Ottawa), with absorption path lengths ranging between 25 and 121 m. The sample pressures varied between 11 torr (pure CO2) and 924 torr (CO2-air) with volume mixing ratios of CO2 in air between ∼1.5% and 11% (1 torr = 133.322 4 Pa). To minimize systematic errors and increase the accuracy of the retrieved parameters, a constrained multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting technique was used to include theoretical quantum mechanical expressions for the rovibrational energies and intensity parameters rather than retrieving the individual positions and intensities line by line. The results suggest no detectable vibrational dependence for the temperature dependences for the air-broadened Lorentz half-width coefficients and the air-induced pressure shift coefficients. The half-width coefficients and temperature dependence exponents were modeled using semiclassical calculations based upon the Robert–Bonamy formalism. A good agreement is seen between the measurements and theoretical calculations. Beyond |m| = 26, a simple scaling factor (0.96) has been applied to the calculated half-width coefficients to match the experimental measurements.
Theoretical study of electric moments, polarizabilities, and fine and hyperfine coupling constants of the B3Πg, C3Πu, A′5Σg+, and C″5Πu states of N2This article is part of a Special Issue on Spectroscopy at the University of New Brunswick in honour of Colan Linton and Ron Lees.This paper is dedicated to Professors Ronald M. Lees and Colan Linton from the Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick.
Authors: Bruna Pablo J. , Grein Friedrich 
Published: September 2009

Several properties are calculated for the first time for the B3Πg, C3Πu, A′5Σg+, and C″5Πu states of N2, i.e., quadrupole (Θ) and hexadecapole (Φ) moments, static dipole polarizability (α), and hyperfine structure (hfs) data such as the electric field gradient (qii) and magnetic Frosch–Foley parameters (b, c, d). These quantities are evaluated with the density functional theory (DFT) method B3LYP/aug-cc-pVQZ. The variation with geometry is also considered for all parameters above. The B(σgπg) and C(σuπg) triplet Π states have similar values of the anisotropy P|2|(2) ∝ (Pxx − Pyy), with P = Θii, qii, or Tii (dipolar hfs tensor). The first-order spin-orbit coupling constant AΛ and the second-order electron-spin g-shift Δg⊥ are obtained with a 6-311+G(2d) basis and multireference configuration interaction (MRDCI) wave functions. Values of AΛ calculated for W3Δu and (B, C, C′, C″) Π states reproduce well the experimental data (C and C′ are two different minima of 13Πu). The variation of AΛ with R(N-N) is regular for all states studied, except for AΠ(13Πu), which changes abruptly between the C and C′ minima (from 38 to 2 cm−1). The Δg⊥ values — evaluated via sum over states expansions — are calculated for A′5Σg+ as well as A3Σu+ and B′3Σu−. The spin-rotation constant γΣ is derived via Curl’s equation γΣ = (−2B)Δg⊥. We find γΣ(A′) to be negative and to decrease steadily with vibrational excitation, in line with experimental observations. Both Δg⊥ and γΣ of A′5Σg+ are determined by the coupling of this weakly bound state with the strongly repulsive 15Πg state.
Constrained multispectrum analysis of CO2–Ar broadening at 6227 and 6348 cm–1 This article is part of a Special Issue on Spectroscopy at the University of New Brunswick in honour of Colan Linton and Ron Lees.
Authors: Benner D. Chris , Miller C. E. , Devi V. Malathy 
Published: September 2009

We report the first extensive experimental measurements of Ar-broadened half-width and pressure-induced shift coefficients, speed dependence parameters, and line mixing coefficients for the 30013←00001 and 30012←00001 bands of 16O12C16O centered near 6227 and 6348 cm–1, respectively. These parameters were determined from 15 self-broadened and six Ar-broadened CO2 spectra recorded at room temperature with long absorption path lengths (25 to 121 m) using the McMath–Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at the National Solar Observatory. All 21 spectra were fit simultaneously using a multispectrum nonlinear least-squares technique. The line positions and line intensities were constrained to quantum mechanical expressions to obtain maximum accuracies in the retrieved parameters. Speed-dependent line shapes with line mixing (via the relaxation matrix formalism) were required to remove systematic errors in the fit residuals using only the Voigt profile. Remaining fit residuals were minimized by adjusting the half-width and pressure-induced shift coefficients of the overlapping 31113←01101 and 31112←01101 hot bands. We compare the Ar-broadening parameters with those recently determined for self- and air-broadening in the 30012←00001 and 30013←00001 bands and also with other Ar-broadening values from the literature, as appropriate.
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Expression Is Associated with a Family History of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer in a High-Risk Population Exposed to Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Roth Mark J. , Wei Wen-Qiang , Baer Jessica , Abnet Christian C. , Wang Guo-Qing , Sternberg Lawrence R. , Warner Andrew C. , Johnson Laura Lee , Lu Ning , Giffen Carol A. , Dawsey Sanford M. , Qiao You-Lin , Cherry James 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure is a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and PAHs are ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). This study measured the expression of AhR and related genes in frozen esophageal cell samples from patients exposed to different levels of indoor air pollution, who did or did not have high-grade squamous dysplasia and who did or did not have a family history of upper gastrointestinal tract (UGI) cancer.
Methods: 147 samples were evaluated, including 23 (16%) from patients with high-grade dysplasia and 48 (33%) from patients without dysplasia who heated their homes with coal, without a chimney (a “high” indoor air pollution group), and 27 (18%) from patients with high-grade dysplasia and 49 (33%) from patients without dysplasia who did not heat their homes at all (a “low” indoor air pollution group). Sixty-four (44%) had a family history of UGI cancer. RNA was extracted and quantitative PCR analysis was done.
Results: AhR gene expression was detectable in 85 (58%) of the samples and was &gt;9-fold higher in those with a family history of UGI cancer [median expression (interquartile range), −1,964 (−18,000, −610) versus −18,000 (−18,000, −1036); P = 0.02, Wilcoxon rank-sum test]. Heating status, dysplasia category, age, gender, and smoking were not associated with AhR expression (linear regression; all P values ≥ 0.1).
Conclusion: AhR expression was higher in patients with a family history of UGI cancer. Such individuals may be more susceptible to the deleterious effects of PAH exposure, including PAH-induced cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(9):2391–6)
Vitamin D Receptor and Calcium Sensing Receptor Polymorphisms and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in European Populations
Authors: Jenab Mazda , McKay James , Bueno-de-Mesquita Hendrik B. , van Duijnhoven Franzel J.B. , Ferrari Pietro , Slimani Nadia , Jansen Eugène H.J.M. , Pischon Tobias , Rinaldi Sabina , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja , Overvad Kim , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Engel Pierre , Kaaks Rudolf , Linseisen Jakob , Boeing Heiner , Fisher Eva , Trichopoulou Antonia , Dilis Vardis , Oustoglou Erifili , Berrino Franco , Vineis Paolo , Mattiello Amalia , Masala Giovanna , Tumino Rosario , Vrieling Alina , van Gils Carla H. , Peeters Petra H. , Brustad Magritt , Lund Eiliv , Chirlaque María-Dolores , Barricarte Aurelio , Suárez Laudina Rodríguez , Molina Esther , Dorronsoro Miren , Sala Núria , Hallmans Göran , Palmqvist Richard , Roddam Andrew , Key Timothy J. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Bingham Sheila , Boffetta Paolo , Autier Philippe , Byrnes Graham , Norat Teresa , Riboli Elio 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIncreased levels of vitamin D and calcium may play a protective role in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. It has been suggested that these effects may be mediated by genetic variants of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the calcium sensing receptor (CASR). However, current epidemiologic evidence from European populations for a role of these genes in CRC risk is scarce. In addition, it is not clear whether these genes may modulate CRC risk independently or by interaction with blood vitamin D concentration and level of dietary calcium intake. A case-control study was conducted nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. CRC cases (1,248) were identified and matched to 1,248 control subjects. Genotyping for the VDR (BsmI: rs1544410; Fok1: rs2228570) and CASR (rs1801725) genes was done by Taqman, and serum vitamin D (25OHD) concentrations were measured. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the incidence rate ratio (RR). Compared with the wild-type bb, the BB genotype of the VDR BsmI polymorphism was associated with a reduced risk of CRC [RR, 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59-0.98). The association was observed for colon cancer (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.45-0.95) but not rectal cancer (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.62-1.49). The Fok1 and CASR genotypes were not associated with CRC risk in this study. No interactions were noted for any of the polymorphisms with serum 25OHD concentration or level of dietary calcium. These results confirm a role for the BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene in CRC risk, independent of serum 25OHD concentration and dietary calcium intake. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(9):2485-91)
Human Papillomavirus Types 16 and 18 DNA Load in Relation to Coexistence of Other Types, Particularly Those in the Same Species
Authors: Xi Long Fu , Edelstein Zoe R. , Meyers Craig , Ho Jesse , Cherne Stephen L. , Schiffman Mark 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Background: Infection with multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) types is common. However, it is unknown whether viral DNA load is related to the coexistence of other types.
Methods: Study subjects were 802 and 303 women who were positive for HPV16 and HPV18, respectively, at enrollment into the Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance and Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Triage Study. HPV16 and HPV18 E7 copies per nanogram of cellular DNA in cervical swab samples were measured by real-time PCR in triplicate.
Results: Concurrent coinfection was common in this population of women with minor cervical lesions; multiple HPV types were detected in 573 (71.4%) of 802 HPV16-positive women and 227 (74.9%) of 303 HPV18-positive women. The adjusted odds ratio associating coinfection with per 1 log unit increase in HPV16 DNA load was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.89); it was 0.64 (95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.79) for a similar analysis of HPV18 DNA load. Women with, compared with without, coinfection of A9 species types possessed a significantly lower HPV16 DNA load (P &lt; 0.001), whereas women with, compared with without, coinfection of A7 species types possessed a significantly lower HPV18 DNA load (P = 0.001). A trend of decrease in HPV16 DNA load with increasing number of the coexisting non-HPV16 A9 species types was statistically significant (Ptrend = 0.001).
Conclusion: Coinfection with other types was associated with lower HPV16 and HPV18 DNA load. The extent of reduction was correlated to phylogenetic distance of the coexisting types to HPV16 and HPV18, respectively. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(9):2507–12)
Polymorphic Variants in Hereditary Pancreatic Cancer Genes Are Not Associated with Pancreatic Cancer Risk
Authors: McWilliams Robert R. , Bamlet William R. , de Andrade Mariza , Rider David N. , Couch Fergus J. , Cunningham Julie M. , Matsumoto Martha E. , Rabe Kari G. , Hammer Traci J. , Petersen Gloria M. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Background: Inherited risk of pancreatic cancer has been associated with mutations in several genes, including BRCA2, CDKN2A (p16), PRSS1, and PALB2. We hypothesized that common variants in these genes, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), may also influence risk for pancreatic cancer development.
Methods: A clinic-based case-control study in non-Hispanic white persons compared 1,143 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma with 1,097 healthy controls. Twenty-eight genes directly and indirectly involved in the Fanconi/BRCA pathway (includes BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2) were identified and 248 tag SNPs were selected. In addition, 11 SNPs in CDKN2A, PRSS1, and PRSS2 were selected. Association studies were done at the gene level by principal components analysis, whereas recursive partitioning analysis was used to investigate pathway effects. At the individual SNP level, adjusted additive, dominant, and recessive models were investigated, and gene-environment interactions were also assessed.
Results: Gene level analyses showed no significant association of any genes with altered pancreatic cancer risk. Multiple single SNP analyses showed associations, which will require replication. Exploratory pathway analyses by recursive partitioning showed no association between SNPs and risk for pancreatic cancer.
Conclusion: In a candidate gene and pathway SNP association study analysis, common variations in the Fanconi/BRCA pathway and other candidate familial pancreatic cancer genes are not associated with risk for pancreatic cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(9):2549–52)
The Frequency of High-Impact Convective Weather Events in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota
Authors: Blumenfeld Kenneth A. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Thunderstorms frequently produce brief flooding or minor damage, though far fewer lead to major flooding and widespread or significant damage. Outbreaks of such storms exact large tolls on their victims and can compromise, or completely overwhelm, the emergency response infrastructure. This paper derives empirical frequencies and recurrence intervals of “high end” convective weather events in the Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minnesota, metropolitan area from archived tornado, hail, damaging-wind, and high-density daily rainfall data, as well as historical records and accounts. Two classes of high-impact events are analyzed: those with the potential to produce widespread damage or disruption and those virtually certain to do so. Storms in this first class recur within the area, on average, 3 times per year, while the more extreme storms recur every 2–2.5 yr on average. Owing to well-established spatial and temporal inhomogeneities in observed severe weather data, true recurrence intervals are probably somewhat shorter. In the context of ongoing regional population growth, the area is becoming increasingly vulnerable to major damage and potential casualties from these major storm events.
Global Precipitation Retrievals Using the NOAA AMSU Millimeter-Wave Channels: Comparisons with Rain Gauges
Authors: Surussavadee Chinnawat , Staelin David H. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
A surface-precipitation-rate retrieval algorithm for 13-channel Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) millimeter-wave spectral observations from 23 to 191 GHz is described. It was trained using cloud-resolving fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) simulations over 106 global storms. The resulting retrievals from the U.S. NOAA-15 and NOAA-16 operational weather satellites are compared with average annual accumulations (mm yr−1) for 2006–07 observed by 787 rain gauges globally distributed across 11 surface classifications defined using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer infrared spectral images and two classifications defined geographically. Most surface classifications had bias ratios for AMSU/gauges that ranged from 0.88 to 1.59, although higher systematic AMSU overestimates by factors of 2.4, 3.1, and 9 were found for grassland, shrubs over bare ground, and pure bare ground, respectively. The retrievals were then empirically corrected using these observed biases for each surface type. Global images of corrected average annual accumulations of rain, snow, and convective and stratiform precipitation are presented for the period 2002–07. Most results are consistent with Global Precipitation Climatology Project estimates. Evidence based on MM5 simulations suggests that near-surface evaporation of precipitation may have necessitated most of the corrections for undervegetated surfaces. A new correction for radio-frequency interference affecting AMSU is also presented for the same two NOAA satellites and improves retrieval accuracies.
Noise-Induced Instability in the ENSO Recharge Oscillator
Authors: Levine Aaron F. Z. , Jin Fei-Fei 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The conceptual El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) recharge oscillator model is used to study the linear stability of ENSO under state-dependent noise forcing. The analytical framework developed by Jin et al. is extended to more fully study noise-induced instability of ENSO. It is shown that in addition to the noise-induced positive contribution to the growth rate of the ensemble mean (first moment) evolution of the ENSO cycle, there is also a noise-induced instability for the ensemble spread (second moment). These growth rates continue to increase as the strength of the multiplicative noise increases. In both the analytical solution and the numerical model, the criticality threshold for instability of the second moment occurs at a lower value of the parameter that measures multiplicative forcing than the threshold for the first moment. The noise-induced instability not only enhances ENSO activity but also results in a large ensemble spread and thus may reduce the effectiveness of ENSO prediction. As in the additive noise forcing case, the low-frequency variability in the forcing is the important part for forcing El Niño events and the high-frequency forcing alone cannot effectively excite ENSO.
Why Nocturnal Long-Duration Rainfall Presents an Eastward-Delayed Diurnal Phase of Rainfall down the Yangtze River Valley
Authors: Chen Haoming , Yu Rucong , Li Jian , Yuan Weihua , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Hourly observational records and 6-hourly reanalysis data were used to investigate the influences of large-scale forcings on the diurnal variation of summer rainfall along the Yangtze River (YR). The results show that long-duration (more than six hours) rainfall events dominate the summer rainfall along the YR. These events tend to start during the night and to peak after several hours of development. The eastward-delayed initiation of the nocturnal long-duration rainfall events is thought to be due to the diurnal clockwise rotation of the low-tropospheric circulation, especially the accelerated nocturnal southwesterlies. In the early evening, the anomalous easterly flow toward the Tibetan Plateau (TP) causes low-level convergence over the Plateau’s eastern slope that induces the formation of rainfall in the upper YR valley. The anomalous wind sequentially rotates clockwise to a southerly flow at midnight and accelerates the meridional wind in the middle valley, resulting in the initiation of rainfall between 2300 and 0300 LST. In the early morning, the accelerated southwesterlies in southern China, when combined with decelerated winds in the north of the YR, causes a strong convergence along the YR and contributes to the early morning rainfall in the lower valley. Furthermore, the development of the convection systems is suppressed in the afternoon by the mid- and low-level warm advection downstream from the TP. This helps explain why long-duration events do not typically start in the afternoon in the upper YR valley.
Equatorial Pacific 13°C Water Eddies in the Eastern Subtropical South Pacific Ocean*
Authors: Johnson Gregory C. , McTaggart Kristene E. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Argo float profile data are used to analyze warm, salty, weakly stratified, subthermocline eddies of tropical origin in the eastern subtropical South Pacific Ocean. These eddies contain anomalous signatures of the equatorial Pacific “13°C Water” that is carried poleward within the Peru–Chile Undercurrent (PCU) as it flows along the west coast of South America. From their source along the Chilean coast between ∼29° and 39°S, the eddies spread westward and slightly northward, likely at least partly advected by the subtropical gyre. The eddy water properties contrast strongly with the colder, fresher, more strongly stratified waters of subantarctic origin being carried northward then westward by the gyre. Near the eddy source, about 6% of Argo profiles sample eddies that are above selected thresholds for both salinity and potential vorticity anomalies relative to maps of the mean distributions of these properties on and around the core isopycnal for the eddies. The proportion of such profiles diminishes to about 1% near the northwestern limit of the eddy range, near 15°S and 115°W. These eddies are anticyclonic, with a subsurface radial velocity maximum near the core isopycnal for water property anomalies, hence a reduced surface expression. Their geostrophic signature sometimes extends below 1000 dbar, suggesting the eddies may influence float subsurface trajectories. Radial transports around the eddy centers are estimated to be on the order of 2 × 106 m3 s−1 for the potential density layer 26.0 &lt; σθ &lt; 27.0 kg m−3, about the same magnitude as the mean poleward transport of the PCU.