bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naturally occurring antibody in bovine fetal serum: reactivity against homologous and heterologous species erythrocytes*
Authors: Miller W. J. , Hubbert W. T. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAgglutinins that reacted with red cells from members of a different species (hetero‐agglutinins) were detected in the serum of bovine fetuses beginning with about 5% in the fifth month of gestation, with the frequency of reactive sera increasing to about 50 % near term. The sera were able to agglutinate red cells from an increasing number of species as fetal age increased, but only exceptionally equalled the number agglutinated by sera from the dams.Antibodies that reacted with bovine red cells (isoantibodies) were detected in bovine fetal sera (anti‐L agglutinin, anti‐K hemolysin). However, no fetal serum was found that agglutinated the red cells of the respective dam.All fetal isoantibodies were inactivated by heat (56°C/30 min) and 2‐mercapto‐ethanol (2‐ME) treatment, whereas some heteroagglutinins in serum from one fetus were resistant to inactivation by these methods. This suggests that most of the fetal antibodies were other than IgG.
El‐Em, the fourth closed E subsystem of blood groups in pigs
Authors: Hojný J. , Hradecký J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAnother factor, the twelfth in number, has been detected in the E blood group system of pigs. It has been named Em and constitutes with factor El a genetically closed subsystem. A new allele Eedgkl has been found in the Black and White‐Přeštice breed.
Iso‐antibodies to red cell antigens in pigs' sera 3. The effect of maternal red cell iso‐antibodies on the red cells of piglets
Authors: Linklater K. A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe effect of the red cell antibody, anti‐Ea, on the red cells of piglets in four litters was studied. Although the antibody was absorbed from the colostrum by all the piglets, it had little effect on their packed cell volume, haemoglobin and red cell counts, and no differences were noted between Ea‐positive and Ea‐negative piglets in the same litter, despite the fact that red cells of the former were positive for the direct Coomb's test for up to a week after birth.Anti‐Ea was not detected in the serum of Ea‐positive piglets, all of it apparently being taken up by their red cells, unlike the Ea‐negative ones, in whose serum anti‐Ea could be detected for up to fifteen weeks of age.
Alloantigens common to erythrocytes and leucocytes in pigs
Authors: Hruban V. , Simon M. , Hradecký J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe presence of pig blood group antigens Ea, Ed, Ef, El and Gb has been demonstrated on pig lymphocytes by the cytotoxic test. The typing of standard blood group reagents in an erythrocyte panel and cytotoxic antisera in a lymphocyte panel (from the same individuals as the erythrocytes) showed that the reactions of some sera with cytotoxic activity corresponded to the distribution of the given erythrocyte antigens.
Serum post‐albumins and fertility in dairy cattle
Authors: Ashton G. C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBlood samples from 180 Guernsey cows and 599 Holstein cows were typed for post‐albumins (Poa). The genotypes were compared for breeding efficiency, mean return interval, anestrus interval, service interval, gestation length and lactation length. Poa SF cows had a significantly shorter (P < 0.01) mean return interval than SS cows. The effect is associated with order of insemination, but is independent of lactation number. None of the other parameters showed genotypic differences.
Genetic relationships between Lipizzan horses, Haflinger, Noriker and Austrian Trotters1
Authors: Schleger W. , Mayrhofer G. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe gene frequency differences of 18 alleles at five biochemical polymorphism loci were used in a 6‐breed comparison test between the Lipizzans from Austria, Czechoslovakia and Hungary, Haflinger, Noriker and Trotters, in an effort to establish their relationships. Phylogenetic analysis as proposed by Cavalli‐Sforza and Edwards was employed. The constructed clusters appeared to be in good agreement with the historical and geographical facts, reflecting, for example, the separation existing since over thirty years between the three Lipizzan breeds in Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Austria. The position of Haflinger and Noriker also conforms approximately with the historical dates of breed origins. In contrast, the positioning of the Trotters, which have a high percentage of French parentage, meets with some difficulties. The addition of two other loci with four alleles, applied to animals from three breeds, does not give any information beyond that of the first clusters.
Blood group and biochemical polymorphism studies in Bos bubalus
Authors: Granciu I. , Duică S. , Cureu I. , Milovan Eugenia 
Published: August 2010

SummaryCattle reagents were used to blood type 158 water buffalo originating from Central Romania.Out of 36 cattle blood group factors which could be identified with the available reagents only 13 were present in the buffalo.Three genotypes at the Tf locus in buffaloes were identified by starch gel electrophoresis: TfBB, Tf BC and TfCC. At the Hb locus, only one phenotype Hb A was identified in all samples showing two bands a fast and a slow one.These data indicate a certain homology between cattle and water buffalo.
Enzyme polymorphisms in the European oyster, Ostrea edulis L.
Authors: Wilkins N. P. , Mathers N. F. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryExtracts of the digestive diverticula of more than 300 individuals from four geographically separated populations of the European oyster, Ostrea edulis L. have been examined by electrophoresis for esterase and phosphoglucose isomerase polymorphisms. Three regions of esterase variability have been detected in the electrophoretograms. It is inferred that the variants in two of these regions are governed by two co‐dominant alleles at each of two loci. Two phenotypes of phosphoglucose isomerase, which is inferred to be a dimeric enzyme encoded by two alleles at a single locus, have been observed. Allele frequencies and phenotype distributions are compared in the four populations. It is concluded that the populations differ genetically at the loci investigated, the magnitude of the differences being generally greatest between different ‘physiological races’.
Determination of amylase activity in bovine serum and its association with the Ami and Amll loci
Authors: Mazumder N. K. , Spooner R. L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAmylase activity has been estimated in the sera of 213 cattle by an amyloclastic method with potato amylose as the substrate with the addition of CaCl2. The method has been developed from that of Street and Close to overcome the problems of the high colour of bovine serum which would otherwise interfere with the assay. A relationship has been found between the serum amylase genotype detected on starch‐gel and the total enzyme activity. The enzymes AmI‐B and AmII‐B in homozygous combinations have been found to have the highest activities. Age of animal has no significant effect on the total enzyme activity. Activity has been investigated in sera from three separate cattle populations and it has been found to be a highly heritable character. Heritability estimates of 49 % and 39 % by sib analysis and 75 % by the twin method have been obtained.
The distribution of immunoglobulin allotypes in rabbit populations in Australia and on Macquarie Island
Authors: Curtain C. C. , Wood D. H. , Sobey W. R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryWild rabbit populations from several parts of south‐eastern Australia and from Tasmania and Macquarie Island were tested for the As1, As2, As3 (a locus) and the As4, As5, As6, As9 (b locus) allotypic IgG markers. All markers except As6 were present in the Australian mainland and Tasmanian populations, and there appeared to be a significant increase in As1 frequency with decreasing rainfall. On the other hand the Macquarie Island samples were virtually all homozygous As1 at the a locus and lacked As6 and As9 at the b locus.These results are discussed against the background of the known history of the introduction of the rabbit into the areas studied. It was felt that ‘founder effect’ could account for the observed distribution on Macquarie Island. However, the As1 cline in Australia warrants further study, particularly in relation to possible selective effects.
Erythrocyte enzymes and glycolytic intermediates of high‐ and low‐glutathione sheep1
Authors: Agar N. S. , Smith J. E. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryLevels of 18 different enzymes and 16 glycolytic intermediates and nucleotides were measured in the erythrocytes of high‐glutathione and low‐glutathione type sheep; they were found to be similar in the two groups. Glutathione peroxidase activity was, however, significantly higher in the erythrocytes of high‐glutathione than in low‐glutathione sheep. Our results indicated no apparent differences in most of the biochemical and/or physiological characteristics of the erythrocytes of sheep with different glutathione types.
A study of gene differences between some breeds of sheep
Authors: Ananthakrishnan R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryWith nine genetic markers of the blood, genetic distances between eight breeds of sheep was estimated after the method of Nei & Roychoudury (1972). The largest distance was found between Dorset Horn and Merino and the smallest between Navajo and Suffolk. Also the average proportion of polymorphic loci in the eight breeds of sheep was estimated. The results are discussed.
Two new sheep transferrin variants and the effect of neuraminidase
Authors: Stratil A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTransferrin phenotypes were determined in six breeds of sheep by starch gel electrophoresis. Two new variants, Tf HCzech and Tf KCzech, were found and some evidence of their genetic control was obtained. Tf HCzeeh was detected only in Sumava sheep; it has an intermediate mobility between Tf A and Tf B. Tf KCzech was found only in Tsigais; it was localized between Tf B and Tf C. The frequencies of corresponding alleles were very low.Individual transferrin variants (I, A, HCzech, B, Kczech, C, D, E, and P) were treated with neuraminidase. Electrophoretic mobility of the strong band was decreased by two steps in each case. It suggests that in the strong Tf band two sialic acid residues are accessible to the enzyme.
Polymorphism of mannose‐6‐phosphate isomerase in cattle
Authors: Ansay M. , Hanset R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryEnzymo‐electrophoresis and enzymo‐electrofocusing of white cells and of muscular extracts of cattle has revealed four kinds of phenotypic patterns. Evidence presented here indicates that three of these phenotypes are controlled by two codominant, autosomal alleles, MPIB and MPIC. The allele MPIC occurs with a frequency of about 0.10 in most of the breeds studied and of about 0.03 in the Charolais breed. The fourth, very rare, two‐banded phenotype, encountered mostly in purebred and crossbred Charolais, is believed to be under the dependence of a third allele MPIA but the breeding tests are lacking.
The D blood group system of the horse1
Authors: Sandberg Kaj 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThree new horse blood group factors designated E2, E' and Y were described. Evidence was presented that these three factors as well as the factors D, J and E1 known before, belong to the D system established by Stormont & Suzuki (1964). That system was thus extended from being a two factor, three allele system, to the most complex system known in the horse so far. It was demonstrated that the D system is closed through the factors E2 and E'. However a few exceptions to that rule were encountered.A minimum of 10 alleles, two of which were extremely rare seemed to control the system. Frequencies of the factors and the genes of the system were given for the Swedish Trotter breed and the North‐Swedish Horse breed.
Serological techniques for the detection of antibodies to porcine thrombocytes. 2. The complement fixation and antiglobulin consumption techniques
Authors: Linklater K. A. , Imlah P. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAttempts were made to detect antibodies to porcine thrombocytes by two indirect techniques. Only hetero‐antibodies were detected by complement fixation; iso‐antibodies were detected by the antiglobulin consumption technique. The latter gave consistent reliable results, the difference between positive and negative results being clear‐cut, but was found to be laborious.The problems of porcine thrombocyte serology are discussed.
Genetic control of serum esterases in day‐old pigs1
Authors: Grunder A. A. , Kristjansson F. K. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA new polymorphic system of serum esterases was revealed in day‐old pigs by means of starch gel electrophoresis. Esterase zones of this system were not observed in newborn pigs before suckling or in adult pigs. What appeared to be a system controlled by two alleles was shown to be controlled by three alleles after treatment of sera with neuraminidase originating from Vibrio cholerae. The three alleles, EsIIO, EsIIE, and EsIIF, control six phenotypes.
A relationship between wool quality and blood potassium type in sneep
Authors: Kalla S. D. , Ghosh P. K. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryFibre diameter and medullation percentage in the wool of 474 adult ewes of 3 breeds, belonging to high (HK) and low (LK) blood potassium type have been determined (Marwari 78 LK/198 HK; Chokla 42 LK/56 HK and Russian Merino × Marwari 66 LK/34 HK). No significant difference between potassium types within any of the breeds was observed in medullation percentage. While no significant relationship between potassium type and fibre diameter was observed in individual breeds, least square analysis of the pooled data for the three breeds indicated that there is a possibility of such an association approaching significance, the LK type animal having the potentiality of yielding finer wool than the HK.
An additional serum albumin type in the Romanov breed of sheep
Authors: Fésüs L. 
Published: August 2010

Summary29 imported rams and 26 imported ewes (2 to 4 years old), belonging to the native Russian Romanov breed, and their offspring from two subsequent lambings in 1973 and 1974 were tested for serum albumin types.Four albumin types (D, F, S and W) have been found, with frequencies of 0.18, 0.16, 0.55 and 0.11, respectively.AID, being the fastest moving albumin type known, has never been found before, and therefore it is considered as a ‘new’ type.Available family data support the hypothesis that the synthesis of AID is controlled by a codominant and autosomal allele: AID.
Comparative study of red‐cell enzyme polymorphism in the pika and the rabbit
Authors: Vergnes Henri , Puget Alain , Gouarderes Christine 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe variants of seven red‐cell enzyme systems of two families of Lagomorphae (rabbit and pika) are studied by enzymoelectrophoretic determination of isoenzyme distribution.Polymorphism appears in five different enzymes (PGM, AK, G6PD, 6PGD and NADH diaphorase) in the pika and in one system (NADH diaphorase) in the rabbit. The electropherograms of acid phosphatase and LDH do not show any variability in either pikas or rabbits. In the pika, red‐cell enzyme polymorphism is as intense as it is in man.
Agglutinability of cattle red cells. 2. Agglutination by isologous and heterologous sera of enzyme‐treated red cells
Authors: Sellei J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryNeuraminidase treatment made cattle red cells (CRC) agglutinable by the agglutinins of the different heterologous but not of the homologous sera. These agglutinins were, however, absorbed by both the nauraminidase‐treated and the intact CRC.Proteolytic treatment made CRC agglutinable also by the normal cattle, isoimmune and autologous sera. Agglutination titres of the CRC ranged from 1: 2 to 1: 256, but the variation between CRC from members of monozygous (MZ) pairs was not greater than ± 2 agglutination score units the range of experimental error.Treatment with trypsin made the A1, A2 factors more emergent on the surface of CRC for agglutination by anti‐A2, while pronase treatment had a similar effect upon agglutination of Z‐positive cells by anti‐Z.
Agglutinability of cattle red cells. 3. Conlutination
Authors: Sellei J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAddition of both complement and conglutinin was necessary to conglutinate the cattle red cells (CRC) when they were sensitized by different blood typing reagents. Although the degree of conglutinability of the CRC was influenced by the particular blood factor‐reagent combination the average conglutinability (i.e. average titre scores) of CRC from different MZ pairs varied from 1.9 to 16.2.The titres of complement varied from zero to 1:32, while the litres of conglutinin ranged from 1:8 to 1:1024 in the different sera from MZ cattle twins. The variance due to differences in the titre scores between MZ pairs was 82.2 % for conglutinin and 68.3 % for complement. There was no evident association between the titres of conglutinin and complement.
A genetic role of isozyme types in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity in the young chicken
Authors: Tamaki Yoshinori , Watanabe Shozo , Yamada Yukio 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA genetic role of isozyme types in plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity within dam families in the young chicken was investigated in a White Plymouth Rock strain kept in our laboratory since 1961. Plasma samples were obtained at 32 and 56 days of age and subjected to horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two methods of analysis.A higher level of plasma AP activity of the fast (F) type relative to that of slow (S) type was re‐confirmed. The F types of full‐sib chicks had distinctly higher AP activity than the S types. Also within isozyme types, family differences were significant in the F type but not in the S type. The correlation of AP activities between 32 and 56 days of age was significant in the F type but not in the S type, which could be attributed to the effect of aging. The genetic control of plasma AP activity in young chickens were discussed under a hypothesis of two independent genetic systems, i.e. major genie and polygenic.
Esterase polymorphism in the Adriatic sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walb.). 1 Electrophoretic and biochemical properties of the serum and tissue esterases
Authors: Krajnović‐Ozretić M. , Žikić R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAt least four zones of esterase activity designated I, II, III and IV were found after electrophoretic separation of sera and soluble extracts of sardine tissues on starch gel.Each zone consisted of one or more bands that were distinguishable from other zones by electrophoretic mobility, substrate specificity and sensitivity to various inhibitors. Polymorphism was noted in zones I, II and III, while zone IV consisted of a single band. A genetic interpretation of the polymorphism was given for zone I esterases in the tissue, which appears to be controlled by four codominant alleles.The zones designated I, II and IV in the sera and II, III and IV in the liver were characterized as carboxylesterases, zone II in the sera was the only one with cholinesterase activity, while zone I in the liver tissue was unclassifiable.
The use of carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758), instead of rabbit as antibody donor in immunological research on fishes
Authors: Herzberg A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAntisera produced by carp were tested in the differentiation between two cyprinid fishes, bream and roach, and between the lipovitellins of two grey mullets, Mugil cephalus and Liza ramada. These antisera were more specific in the recognition o! different fish species than those produced by rabbits.An antiserum against carp lipovitellin was produced with male carp as antibody donor.
Allozymic variation as an estimate of heterozygosity in Belgian pig breeds
Authors: Widar J. , Ansay M. , Hanset R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAn electrophoretic survey of 13 enzymes corresponding to 19 loci has been carried out in Belgian Landrace and Pietrain pig breeds. Four of these enzymes have been shown to exhibit electrophoretically detectable polymorphism. The average heterozygosity per locus was found to be 0.066 in the Belgian Landrace and 0.028 in the Pietrain pigs.
Removal of blood group determinants from bovine erythrocyte membranes. 2. Degradation of ghosts by butanol and pyridine
Authors: Zink G. L. , Hines H. C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryGhosts produced from erythrocytes collected from six different cattle were degraded with butanol and pyridine. Of a total of 38 different antigenic determinants available for investigation among the six cows, F, V, J and L were the only speci‐ficties detected in the subtractions resulting from either method of degradation. After butanol degradation V, J and L antigens were found in the soluble protein fraction, while F was found in the insoluble protein. Pyridine digestion resulted in all four determinants being detected in the sialoprotein layer, while J was found in the lipoprotein as well. All antigens were relatively weak, being detected in inhibition strengths of 10.0 to 1.25 mg/ml.
Polymorphism of phosphoglucomutase in cattle leucocytes
Authors: Probeck D. , Geldermann H. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBy means of starch gel electrophoresis the polymorphism of the phospoglucomutase isozymes PGMi has been investigated in cattle leucocytes. The phenotypes and allele frequencies of PGMi are demonstrated in a series of 106 complete and 221 incomplete families of ‘Deutsche Schwarzbunte’. The segregation of the 327 daughters' phenotypes agree with the formal genetic model of 2 codominant autosomal alleles. The observed heterozygous PGMi type is more frequent in mating types and progenies as expected under equilibrium.
Removal of blood group determinants from bovine erythrocyte membranes. 3. Action of proteolytic enzymes on intact cells
Authors: Hines H. C. , Trowbridge C. L. , Zink G. L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBovine erythrocyte treatment with chymotrypsin, trypsin, pronase, papain, or ficin eliminated or weakened the reactivity of 18 of the 47 blood group factors which were examined. Thirteen of the affected factors were from the B system, and one each was from the C, FV, L, M, and R'S' systems. Variation attributable to pheno‐group (allele) or genotype influences was observed in the effects upon six of the factors. Ficin‐treated V/V, but not F/V or F/F, cells were rapidly lysed by normal rabbit serum (complement control). Absorptions with pronase‐treated V positive cells indicated that essentially all V antigenicity was removed. However, immunizations with pronase‐treated V positive cells elicited V antibody production in one of two recipient cows. The numbers of antigens removed by different enzymes did not appear to be closely related to the amount of protein removed.
A note on serological interpretations1
Authors: Denniston Carter 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThis paper deals with the interpretation of binary serological data. It attempts to render exact and answer two questions: 1) What are all the serological interpretations of a given set of data? 2) How can different interpretations be distinguished serologically? It is hoped that the formal analysis of serology presented herein will prove to be helpful to those working with complex immunological systems.