bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic perspective on plasticity mechanism of ionic-covalent systems from machine learning molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Hu Wangyu , Yang Guanlin , Peng Hexiang , Huang Jian , Chen Hongjian , Xiao Shifang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Due to the diversity of atomic bonding, good plasticity is often considered a hallmark characteristic of metals. Novel plastic inorganic semiconductors like α-Ag2S have challenged this conventional thinking, but relevant first-principles calculations still lack an intuitive and comprehensive understanding of the underlying plasticity mechanisms. From the perspective of machine learning molecular dynamics that can describe the microstructure evolution aptly, this work reveals the plasticity mechanism of the ionic-covalent system α-Ag2S. Shear bands or kink bands originating from random and local micro-kinks signify the plastic features, and the subsequent amorphization enables sustained deformation under high strains. Different from features in metals, the oppositely signed dislocation pairs in α-Ag2S can achieve nucleation and motion through coordinated lattice expansion and contraction, while the twining-like kink triggered in a staggered manner allows the material to accommodate large shear strains. The established idealized models capture the unconventional dislocation pair and pseudo-twinning kink, narrowing the blind area in our understanding of plasticity mechanisms within similar systems. The summarized structural and deformation features provide clear clues for identifying other plastic ionic-covalent crystals in superionic conductors.
A Systematic Cell Phone Trajectories Extraction Approach based on Daily Mobility and Spatiotemporal Clustering Characteristics Analysis
Authors: Li Caixia , Ma Xiaoyi , Chen Xianlong , Chen Jiachao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The processing process of OD travel matrix based on traditional traffic surveys requires a lot of manpower, material resources, funds, and time, and cannot be carried out frequently. Cell phone data, as an important supplement to existing transportation data collection methods, provides excellent technical support for extracting OD features of residents' spatiotemporal travel. At present, the stay point judgment for mobile positioning technology mainly focuses on the travel status judgment of cell phone data time series, ignoring the characteristics of user travel activities and travel purposes, such as general user travel activities such as commuting, life, entertainment, and travel. In response to the difficulty in identifying different travel activities, a low-cost and highly accurate method is proposed for determining stay points based on job residence correspondence and spatiotemporal kernel clustering method. The systematic stay points extraction approach, combining with work and residence and POI data analysis, can improve accuracy and rationality of cell phone users’ travel activity characteristics by eliminating signal roaming points and dwell points with central clustering characteristics in continuous short distances through spatiotemporal kernel clustering analysis. The systematic stay points extraction approach combined with spatial and temporal characteristics is implemented in Guangzhou city, results show that travel activity OD pairs given by the systematic stay point extraction approach can clearly presents different travel activity characteristics of users.
The locally crooked permutations and the complete permutations over F2n
Authors: Shuai Li , Li Miao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The crooked function has a fixed point $0$ and all its difference set is the complement of the hyperplane. In this paper, we proposed the locally crooked permutation, at least one of its differential sets is the complement of a hyperplane. We found a close relationship between the locally crooked permutation and the complete permutation. Specifically, the complete permutations over $\mathbb{F}_{2^{n}}$ can be obtained from the locally crooked permutations over $\mathbb{F}_{2^{n+1}}$, and vice versa. In particular, we construct the complete permutations with best-known differential uniformity and nonlinearity and the locally crooked permutations with differential uniformity of $4$ over $\mathbb{F}_{2^{2n}}$. Besides, we also found that the existence of the APN permutation that is locally crooked over $\mathbb{F}_{2^{2n+2}}$ is closely related to the nonlinear complete permutation over $\mathbb{F}_{2^{2n+1}}$.
MSC Classification: 05A05 , 11T06 , 11T55
Clinical analysis of pediatric renal abscesses in a single center
Authors: Sun Jin-Shan , Chen ChaoYing , Tu Juan , Geng HaiYun , Li HuaRong , Yan YuChun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to analyze the clinical data on renal abscesses in children to provide a reference for early diagnosis and treatment.
Methods
The clinical data of 20 children with renal abscesses admitted to a single center were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
The cohort comprised 8 males and 12 females with a median age of 3.5 years. Fever, abdominal pain, appetite loss, vomiting, and urinary tract irritation were common. All children had elevated white blood cell counts, C-reactive protein levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and half had elevated procalcitonin levels. Only two had normal white blood cell counts in the urine sediment, while the rest showed pyuria. Urine cultures were positive in eight cases, including two each of Enterococcus faecium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Blood culture was positive for Klebsiella pneumoniae in only 1 case. All 20 underwent renal ultrasound or enhanced CT scan after admission. The latter revealed renal abscess in all children; however, only 9 had renal abscess on renal ultrasound. Fourteen children underwent renal MRI at disease initiation. Nine children presented with congenital urinary tract (CAKUT). All patients were treated conservatively; intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics were administered for at least 14 days, while 11 were upgraded to meropenem or imipenem. After discharge, all patients were treated with oral antibiotics for at least 14 days. Except for 1 case of recurrence, patients had a good prognosis.
Conclusion
This study clarifies the clinical presentation of renal abscesses in pediatric patients, presenting advice on diagnosis and treatment.
Usefulness of the Structured Objective Examination to Evaluate Paediatric CPR Skills in Medical Students and Measures to Improve Training.
Authors: López-Herce Jesús , Aleo Esther , González Rafael , Group UCM Paediatric CPR Training 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: analyse the usefulness of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) to evaluate the skills of medical students in paediatric basic life support (PBLS), compare both training models and evaluate measure to improve the teaching programme.
Methods: comparative, prospective, observation study with intervention in two hospitals, one undergoing a PILS course (Paediatric Immediate Life Support) and another PBLS. The study was performed over three phases. 1. PBLS OSCE in 2022 three months after the training 2. Measures to improve the training programme 3. PBLS OSCE in 2023. Overall results were analyzed and results compared between both sites and those for 2022 and 2023.
Results: a total of 210 and 182 students took part in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The overall mean score out of 100 was 77.8 and 89.5 in 2022 and 2023, respectively. P=.000. Overall cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) effectiveness was adequate in 79.4% and 84.6% of students in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The results of hospital students undergoing a PILS course were much better than those undergoing a PBLS. The results from both hospitals improved significantly in 2023.
Conclusions: The OSCE is a valid instrument to evaluate PBLS skills in medical students and to compare the different training methods and improve. Medical students who receive a PILS attain better PBLS skills than those who undergo a PBLS course.
Diagnostic methodology for vehicles equipped with Antilock Braking System and Electronic Stability Control
Authors: BETANCUR J. Alejandro , CASTILLO Andrés , RAMOS Edwin , VARGAS Héctor , OCHOA Javier , SANCHEZ Carlos 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Currently, several automotive companies are joining forces through the analysis and development of active safety systems for hazard avoidance and mitigation; from which according to the current regulations in the European Union the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) and the Electronic Stability Control (ESC) outstand as mandatory for each new vehicle. The above has motivated the study of these two safety systems. Then, this research examines the ABS and ESC systems through a proposed diagnostic methodology, which identifies the main effect of these systems on the vehicle dynamics. To achieve this goal a software was developed, looking for processing the data acquired during the development of some specific vehicle maneuvers. The diagnostic results expose: 1) an indicator about the ABS/ESC systems performance; and 2) the impact of these systems on the vehicle dynamics; also, some of the results here obtained can also be taken as reference for the Brake Assistant System and the Anti-Roll Control analysis.
Proposal for a monolithic silicon-on-insulator resonator spiking neuron
Authors: Tamura Marcus , Morison Hugh , Tait Alex , Shastri Bhavin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Increasingly, artificial intelligent systems look to neuromorphic photonics for its speed and its low loss, high
bandwidth interconnects. Silicon photonics has shown remarkable promise to enable the creation of large scale neural
networks. Here, we propose a monolithic silicon opto-electronic resonator spiking neuron. It uses optical feedback from
the transmission of a continuously pumped microring PN modulator to achieve excitable dynamics. It is cascadable, capable of operating at GHz speeds,
and compatible with wavelength-division multiplexing schemes for linear weighting. It is a Class 2 excitable device via
a subcritical Hopf bifurcation constructed from devices commonly found in many silicon photonic chip foundries.
Senescence Reprogramming by MTHFD2 Deficiency Facilitates Tumor Progression
Authors: Wang Ping , Fang Zhou , Pei Wei , Wu Qi , Niu Tingting , Dong Chengyuan , Wu Mingkang , Li Bei , Gao Zhijie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Age is a critical risk factor for cancer, as its incidence and mortality increase with age. However, there's limited understanding of the molecular changes aging induces in tumors.
Methods
We explored demographic differences between young and old cancer patients and identified age sixty and above as pivotal in cancer prognosis. Subsequently, we developed an aging-related prognostic model based on genes to assess senescence's impact on aging-associated cancer.
Results
Our study revealed increased genomic instability and somatic mutations in tumors from older individuals. We also found alterations in carcinogenic signaling pathways, particularly immune responses, inflammatory pathways, and cell cycle arrest in susceptible populations. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed heightened frequencies of exhausted T cells, myeloid cells, and B cells in high-risk cohorts.
Conclusion
MTHFD2 emerged as a crucial molecular switch regulating senescence in cancer. Its deletion promoted tumor growth by inducing cell senescence and stimulating the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in senescent tumor cells. This highlights the need for tailored methodologies in effective cancer management.
Quantitative Measurement of the Tack for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Prepreg by Using a Compression-to-tension Method
Authors: Wang Xueming , Li Guoli , Liu Xiu , Li Shaoliang , Pang Baolin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aim to the current lack of standardized testing for prepreg tack, this paper established a quantitative testing method for prepreg tack - a compression-to-tension method, and proposed a parameter of Compression Tack Index (CTI) as a quantitative evaluation index for prepreg tack. The prepreg / prepreg tack and prepreg / metal tack of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy prepreg were evaluated and verified the applicability of this compression-to-tension method, comparing with the qualitative testing method for vertical metal plates. The results show that the compression-to-tension method is suitable for quantitative testing of the tack for unidirectional prepregs and fabric prepregs with a good repeatability and stability of test results, and is not affected by personnel changes. Compared with the vertical metal plate method, the discrimination of the test results by the compression-to-tension method is significant. The tack of the slitting prepreg without PE film coating is lower than that of the mother prepreg with PE film.
Adjusting microwave sensing frequency through aspect ratio variation and bending repetitions in Permalloy ellipses
Authors: Kim Nayeon , Seo Dongpyo , Kim ByungRo , Kim Youjung , Yoon Seungha , Kim Jin Hyeok 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) phenomenon, marked by the selective absorption of microwave frequencies by magnetic materials in the presence of a magnetic field, plays a pivotal role in the development of radar absorbing materials, high speed magnetic storage, and magnetic sensors. This process is integral for technologies requiring precise control over microwave absorption frequencies. We explored how variations in resonance fields can be effectively modulated by adjusting both the shape and stress anisotropies of magnetic materials on a flexible substrate. Utilizing polyethylene-naphthalate (PEN) as the substrate and Permalloy (noted for its positive magnetostriction coefficient) as the magnetic component, we demonstrated that modifications in the aspect ratio and bending repetitions can significantly alter the resonance field. The results, consistent with Kittel's equation and the predictions of a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy model, underscore the potential for flexible substrates in enhancing the sensitivity and versatility of RF-based magnetic devices.
Arsenic leakage crisis in electric car supply chain: water quality footprint of cobalt mining demands action
Authors: Schomberg Anna , von Tümpling Wolf , Kynast Ellen , Bringezu Stefan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Uncontrolled mine site leakage poses massive indirect environmental pollution, particularly when harmful substances, like arsenic, infiltrate water bodies, affecting humans. Arsenic contamination, recognized as a severe environmental catastrophe, exemplifies the water quality footprint from a Moroccan cobalt mine supplying electric car construction. Applying the water quality footprint method, we determined that 30 to 610 m3 of virtual dilution water per electric car would be needed to reduce arsenic pollution below natural background levels. This single mine's water quality footprint constitutes up to 0.3 % of Morocco's annual water availability, concerning all electric cars produced annually with cobalt from this mine, and corresponds to the full annual capacity of one seawater desalination plant. This underscores the risk of problem shifting with climate-friendly technologies, prompts reflection on due diligence in supply chains under German and upcoming European legislation and highlights the shared responsibility of industry, society and politics.
A Collaborative and Real-Time Model for Trusties Content in Social Media
Authors: HAMIMED Lyazid , AMAD Mourad , BOUDRIES Abdelmalek 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Recently, social media is becoming a stronger tool for spreading news in the world. These platforms make it easy for anyone to disseminate their ideas, flood the world by different types of information. In order to minimize the inconvenience of fake news inundation, most of the developed techniques aim at detecting fake news by exploring how they propagate on the social media. Minimizing the negative effect of this kind of information, needs stronger mechanisms to detect fake news at an early stage by focusing on their contents. This paper proposes a new model for trusties’ content in social media. Its basic idea consists of combining news content and their propagation behavior over the social network. This model simulation shows that the susceptible fake news can be accused at an early stage. The performance evaluations show that the results are globally satisfactory.
Personalized and collaborative care are crucial elements for sustained engagement with digital measurement-based care tools: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Chong Min K , Hickie Ian B , Ekambareshwar Mahalakshmi , Poulsen Adam , McKenna Sarah , Hutcheon Alexis , Hockey Samuel J , Scott Elizabeth M , Iorfino Frank 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Measurement-based care (MBC) involves regular symptom monitoring and feedback, enabling early detection of mental health deterioration and allowing clinicians to adjust interventions accordingly. However, its uptake in youth mental health services remains minimal. This study aims to explore perceived barriers and facilitators for sustained use of MBC and the potential of digital technologies to enhance its engagement in young people.
Methods
A mixed-methods study comprising focus groups and surveys was conducted with young people who had previously accessed mental health services. Template analysis was used to analyze qualitative data, and descriptive analyses were performed with quantitative data.
Results
Eighteen young people (mean age = 21.7 years; SD = 3.4) participated in this study. Surveys showed high agreement with the value of MBC (15/18) and a low rate of discomfort with progress evaluation (11/18). Focus groups revealed collaborative data review with clinicians as a key facilitator which fueled future engagement with data inputs and reviews. However, generalization when interpreting data and incomplete representation of mental health by using irrelevant standard measures discouraged the use. Participants suggested digital features for accessibility and data interpretation to enhance consistent engagement with MBC.
Conclusions
The findings indicate that young people’s motivation and sustained engagement in MBC stem from their comprehension of how collected data fosters shared decision-making and personalize treatment. Therefore, regular, collaborative data review sessions are crucial in cultivating a sense of autonomy and purpose in care for young people. This study highlights the importance of data review in enhancing the uptake of MBC, a factor that is often overlooked. By demonstrating this, the study provides a deeper understanding of motivators in MBC and valuable insights for mental health services to explore strategies that regulate data review. To this end, an exemplary way forward would be to develop technologies that facilitates client-clinician communication and empowers young people to advocate for personalized care.
Semantic information extraction method of loom multi-sensor model based on Deep learning
Authors: Xiao Yanjun , Ning Fuan , Pei Eryue , Wan Feng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In order to improve the accuracy of feature extraction and multi-dimensional semantic information expression of Timesnet model, this paper proposes a semantic information extraction method based on graph neural network and Wavelet-Timesnet. The timesnet model introduces wavelet transform to enhance the ability to extract local semantic information in complex environments, and the graph neural network is used to enhance the representation ability of multi-dimensional information. The self-attention mechanism is used in the multi-dimensional semantic extraction model to improve the weight allocation effect between nodes. Taking the rapier loom multi-sensor model as an example, the accuracy of one-dimensional semantic information extraction reaches 99.29%, and the accuracy of multi-dimensional semantic information model reaches 92.8%, which is significantly better than other mainstream feature extraction algorithms. It plays an important role in improving the perception and prediction ability of current complex industrial field equipment.
Knowledge and practices of pregnant women regarding iron deficiency anemia in the Eastern Region of Ghana
Authors: Quayson Ebenezer , Jancy Helena S. , Okyere-Boateng Hannah , Afful-Mensah Elsie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in Ghana persists despite the national health policy of routine iron supplementation and education for pregnant women during antenatal care. This makes it worrying and as such, studies should be conducted to uncover why there is an increase in iron deficiency among pregnant women, after the national interventions to prevent the phenomenon. Thus, the study aimed to assess the knowledge, practices, and the relationship between knowledge and practices of pregnant women regarding iron deficiency anemia. A descriptive cross-sectional study design with a quantitative approach and convenient sampling method was used in conducting the study. A Standard closed-ended questionnaire was used to elicit responses from registered respondents. The study revealed that 69.5% of the respondents’ responses depicted good knowledge of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy and 65% showed good practices on iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.68) between knowledge level and practices of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Pregnant women who received antenatal care at Anum's Salvation Army Hospital demonstrated adequate knowledge and behaviors for preventing iron deficiency anemia. It was recommended that midwives intensify health education on clinical manifestations of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy.
Comparative Evaluation of Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Training Programs: Cardiac Sonographers-led vs. Senior Intensivists-led
Authors: Chen Ming , YE Qiaoliang , Chen Rongrong , Huang Ningjie , Zheng Liling , Qiu Luzhen , Kang De , Chen Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The feasibility and benefits of Focused Cardiac Ultrasound (FCU) in emergency situations have been established. Rapid urgent echocardiography during resuscitation can aid in swift differential diagnosis, provide guidance for diagnosis and treatment interventions, and enhance the survival outcomes of critically ill patients. Existing training programs typically encompass fundamental theoretical knowledge, hands-on skills acquisition, group-based instruction, and practical application. The objective of this study was to investigate the variance in training efficacy between FCU training conducted by cardiac sonographers(CS) and the conventional model of FCU training led by Senior Intensivists(SI).
Methods
In this retrospective study, we collected the echocardiographic data carry out by ICU physicians who were trained by either CS or SI. An evaluation of echocardiographic performance was conducted using the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Trainees generated static images of specific parts of the heart (the five-chamber heart of the apex and the long axis of the sternum), accurately annotated twelve cardiac anatomical structures. The images were subsequently scored by two senior cardiac sonologists using a standardized checklist.
Results
After training, both groups of trainees demonstrated substantial improvement (p < .0001). Specifically, the average score for trainees under the guidance of CS increased from 4.3 ± 1.4 to 16.2 ± 1.4, whereas those under the supervision of SI saw an increase from 4.0 ± 1.3 to 14.7 ± 1.1.
Conclusion
The study demonstrates that while both groups exhibited notable improvement in skill levels, trainees guided by CS showed superior proficiency compared to those guided by SI. The findings suggest that while SI can effectively enhance echocardiographic skills in trainees, the expertise of experienced CS offers distinct advantages in teaching complex skills.