bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferential in vivo action of F15599, a novel 5‐HT1Areceptor agonist, at postsynaptic 5‐HT1Areceptors
Authors: Lladó‐Pelfort L , Assié M‐B , Newman‐Tancredi A , Artigas F , Celada P 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose: F15599, a novel 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT)1Areceptor agonist with 1000‐fold selectivity for 5‐HT compared with other monoamine receptors, shows antidepressant and procognitive activity at very low doses in animal models. We examined thein vivoactivity of F15599 at somatodendritic autoreceptors and postsynaptic 5‐HT1Aheteroreceptors.Experimental approach: In vivosingle unit and local field potential recordings and microdialysis in the rat.Key results: F15599 increased the discharge rate of pyramidal neurones in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) from 0.2 µg·kg−1i.v and reduced that of dorsal raphe 5‐hydroxytryptaminergic neurones at doses >10‐fold higher (minimal effective dose 8.2 µg·kg−1i.v.). Both effects were reversed by the 5‐HT1Aantagonist (±)WAY100635. F15599 did not alter low frequency oscillations (∼1 Hz) in mPFC. In microdialysis studies, F15599 increased dopamine output in mPFC (an effect dependent on the activation of postsynaptic 5‐HT1Areceptors) with an ED50of 30 µg·kg−1i.p., whereas it reduced hippocampal 5‐HT release (an effect dependent exclusively on 5‐HT1Aautoreceptor activation) with an ED50of 240 µg·kg−1i.p. Likewise, application of F15599 by reverse dialysis in mPFC increased dopamine output in a concentration‐dependent manner. All neurochemical responses to F15599 were prevented by administration of (±)WAY100635.Conclusions and implications: These results indicate that systemic administration of F15599 preferentially activates postsynaptic 5‐HT1Areceptors in PFC rather than somatodendritic 5‐HT1Aautoreceptors. This regional selectivity distinguishes F15599 from previously developed 5‐HT1Areceptor agonists, which preferentially activate somatodendritic 5‐HT1Aautoreceptors, suggesting that F15599 may be particularly useful in the treatment of depression and of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
Hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance in pre‐diabetes – further evidence for the beneficial actions of PPAR‐γ agonists and a role for SOCS‐3 modulation
Authors: Chatterjee Prabal K 
Published: March 2010

Pre‐diabetes is a condition affecting increasing numbers of the population who find themselves caught in the grey area between normal glucose regulation and diabetes mellitus and who experience impaired glucose tolerance or fasting glucose. The ability of thiozolidinediones (TZDs) to ameliorate the clinical signs of diabetes mellitus is well‐known but there is also emerging evidence for the benefits of PPAR‐γ agonists in pre‐diabetes. In this issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology, Collino and colleagues report that pioglitazone can reduce hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance in rats administered a high cholesterol and fructose diet. Furthermore, pioglitazone reduced the expression of suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)‐3 – considered to be a key link between inflammation and insulin resistance. Although much work remains to be performed in fully understanding how TZDs modulate the cellular mechanisms which underlie pre‐diabetes, these findings provide preliminary evidence that administration of TZDs to pre‐diabetics could be beneficial.This article is a commentary on Collino et al., pp. 1892–1902 of this issue. To view this paper visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2010.00671.x
Clinical findings associated with abnormal lung function in children aged 3–26 months with recurrent respiratory symptoms
Authors: Pelkonen AS , Kotaniemi‐Syrjänen A , Malmström K , Malmberg LP , Mäkelä MJ 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  To evaluate whether there are any associations between parentally reported symptoms, clinical findings and lung function in young children with recurrent lower respiratory tract symptoms.Methods:  In 2000–2003, 148 children, aged 3–26 months, with recurrent lower respiratory tract symptoms underwent physical examination, investigation of a chest radiograph, whole body plethysmography and skin prick testing to common food and inhalant allergens.Results:  Lung function was considered abnormal (i.e. functional residual capacity z‐score of ≥1.65 and/or specific conductance z‐score of ≤−1.65) in 83 (56%) children. Findings of increased work of breathing (p < 0.001) and nonspecific noisy breathing sounds (p < 0.001) in the physical examination, as well as an abnormal chest radiograph (p = 0.028) were independently associated with abnormal lung function, explaining up to 34% of the variation in lung function. In contrast, parentally reported respiratory symptoms, environmental exposures or atopic trait were not associated with lung function abnormalities.Conclusion:  The results of this study emphasize the importance of the meticulous clinical examination in the evaluation of early childhood respiratory disorders. As physical examination alone cannot predict lung function abnormalities reliably in preschool children with troublesome respiratory symptoms, lung function testing may be considered in such patients to obtain additional objective information.
Prevalence and characteristics of child physical abuse in Sweden – findings from a population‐based youth survey
Authors: Annerbäck E‐M , Wingren G , Svedin CG , Gustafsson PA 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  To examine prevalence rates of child physical abuse perpetrated by a parent/caretaker, abuse characteristics and the extent of disclosures.Methods:  A population‐based survey was carried out in 2008 amongst all the pupils in three different grades (n = 8494) in schools in Södermanland County, Sweden. The pupils were asked about their exposure to violence and their experiences of parental intimate‐partner violence. Data were analysed with bi‐ and multivariate models and a comparison between means of accumulating risk factors between three groups were performed.Results:  A total of 15.2% of the children reported that they had been hit. There were strong associations between abuse and risk factors and there was a dose–response relationship between risks and reported abuse. It was shown that children who reported parental intimate‐partner violence were at a considerably higher risk for abuse than other children and that only 7% of the children exposed to violence had disclosed this to authorities.Conclusion: Even though child abuse in Sweden has decreased markedly during the last 40 years, violence against children is still a considerable problem. It is a challenge to develop methods of assessment and interventions that will ensure that the violence and its underlying causes are directly addressed.
Sexuality and Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia with Alfuzosin: SAMBA Thailand
Authors: Leungwattanakij Somboon , Watanachote Damrongpun , Noppakulsatit Patra , Petchpaibuol T. , Choeypunt Nopporn , Tongbai Thanasak , Wanamkang Teerawan , Lojanapiwat Bunnakij , Permpongkosol Sompol , Tantiwong Anupan , Pripatnanont Chusak , Akarasakul Danaipan , Kongwiwatanakul Somsak , Chotikawanich Ekarat 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition among elderly men. The aim of therapy is to improve lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and quality of life (QoL) and to prevent complications.

Aim
The primary objective was to assess the effect on ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD) of 6 months treatment with alfuzosin (XATRAL) 10 mg once daily (OD) in men with LUTS suggestive of BPH in Thailand. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of alfuzosin on LUTS, bother score (International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] 8th question), erectile dysfunction (ED), onset of action, and tolerability.

Methods
Overall, 99 men with moderate to severe LUTS suggestive of BPH (mean IPSS 18.9, bother score 4.3) were enrolled in an open-label study. Sexual function was evaluated at baseline and after 6 months treatment, using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 and the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ) ejaculation score, a new validated questionnaire assessing seven EjD symptoms.

Main Outcome Measure
The main outcome measure is mean change from baseline to the end of treatment in the MSHQ Ejaculation score.

Results
MHSQ ejaculation score significantly improved from 23.09 at baseline to 21.54 at 6 months (P = 0.022). Overall, 70% of patients perceived an improvement in LUTS within 1 week (36.3% within 3 days). IPSS total score significantly improved from 18.93 at baseline to 9.59 at 6 months (P &lt;0.001). IPSS voiding and irritative subscores also significantly improved. The percentage of patients with moderate or severe ED decreased from 35.3% at baseline to 21.8% at 6 months. Most adverse events were dizziness (3%) and orthostatic hypotension (1%) with minor intensity. No significant change in blood pressure and heart rate was observed.

Conclusions
Alfuzosin 10 mg OD administered for 6 months provides a marked and rapid (within 1 week) improvement in LUTS and bother score while improving both ED and EjD.
The Berlin ‘Cream&Sugar’ Study: the Prognostic Impact of an Oral Triglyceride Tolerance Test in Patients after Acute Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Ebinger M. , Heuschmann P. U. , Jungehuelsing G. J. , Werner C. , Laufs U. , Endres M. 
Published: March 2010

Rationale Stratification according to risk factors is crucial for secondary prevention after acute ischaemic stroke. Nonfasting triglyceride levels seem to be associated with stroke in the general population. However, the exact role of triglyceride levels for the risk of recurrent stroke is unknown. Hypothesis We hypothesise that the results of a standardised oral triglyceride tolerance test in the subacute setting (3–7 days) after the first ischaemic stroke are associated with the risk of recurrent stroke within 12 months after the index event. Design Prospective observational study. Study outcome(s) The primary end-point of the study is recurrent fatal or nonfatal stroke within 12 months. The secondary outcomes are myocardial infarction, coronary revascularisation, cardiovascular death (death due to any cardiovascular or cerebrovascular event), or a transient ischaemic attack within 12 months after the qualifying event. Discussion The study has the potential to change clinical practice. It will show whether the oral triglyceride tolerance test in the subacute setting is a useful tool to predict the risk of recurrent stroke.
The Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA): Results and Impact on Future Stroke Trials and Management of Stroke Patients
Authors: Weimar C. , Ali M. , Lees K. R. , Bluhmki E. , Donnan G. A. , Diener H. C. 
Published: March 2010

Background The Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive was established to improve stroke care and trial design through the collation, categorization and potential access to data sets from clinical trials for the treatment of stroke. Methods Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive currently provides access to a combined data set of 29 anonymised acute stroke trials and one acute stroke registry with data on >27 500 patients aged between 18 and 103 (mean 71) years. Results Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive has facilitated research across a broad canvas. The prognosis was poor in patients with very high blood pressure at the time of admission or with a wide variability of systolic blood pressure during the acute phase. The late occurrence of hyperthermia following an ischaemic stroke worsens the prognosis. Stroke lateralisation is not an important predictor of cardiac adverse events or 90-day mortality. Haemorrhagic transformation is seen frequently in patients with cardio-embolic strokes and is associated with a poor prognosis when occurring after the acute phase. Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive has allowed various prognostic models for patients with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke to be established and validated. More direct outcomes such as lesion volume can be useful in phase II clinical trials for determining whether a phase III trial should be undertaken. New outcome measures such as ‘home time’ may also strengthen future trials. On a worldwide level, the prognosis of stroke patients differs considerably between various countries. Conclusion Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive provides an excellent opportunity for analysis of natural history data and prognosis. It has the potential to influence clinical trial design and implementation through exploratory data analyses.
The Second (Main) Phase of an Open, Randomised, Multicentre Study to Investigate the Effectiveness of an Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Haemorrhage Trial (Interact2)
Authors: Delcourt C. , Huang Y. , Wang J. , Heeley E. , Lindley R. , Stapf C. , Tzourio C. , Arima H. , Parsons M. , Sun J. , Neal B. , Chalmers J. , Anderson C. 
Published: March 2010

Rationale: The INTERACT pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of the protocol, safety of early intensive blood pressure lowering and effects on haematoma expansion within 6h of onset of intracerebral haemorrhage. This article describes the design of the second, main phase, INTERACT2. Aims: To compare the effects of a management strategy of early intensive blood pressure lowering with a more conservative guideline-based blood pressure management policy in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Design: INTERACT2 is a prospective, randomized, open label, assessor-blinded end-point (PROBE). Patients with a systolic blood pressure greater than 150 mmHg and no definite indication for or contraindication to blood pressure-lowering treatment are centrally randomised to either of two treatment groups within 6h onset of intracerebral haemorrhage. Those allocated to intensive blood pressure lowering will receive primarily intravenous, hypotensive agents to achieve a systolic blood pressure target of <140 mmHg within 1 h of randomisation and to maintain this level for up to 7 days in hospital. The control group will receive blood pressure-lowering treatment to a target systolic blood pressure of < 180 mmHg. Both groups are to receive similar acute stroke unit care, therapy and active management. Oral antihypertensive therapy is recommended in patients before hospital discharge with a long-term systolic blood pressure goal of 140 mmHg according to secondary stroke prevention guidelines. A projected 2800 subjects are to be enrolled from approximately 140 centres worldwide to provide 90% power (α 0·05) to detect a 14% difference in the risk of death and dependency between the groups, which equates to one or more cases of a poor outcome prevented in every 15 patients treated. Study outcomes: The primary outcome is the combined end-point of death and dependency according to the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days. The secondary outcomes are the separate components of the primary end-point in patients treated <4 hours of ICH onset, grades of physical function on the modified Rankin Scale, health-related quality of life on the EuroQoL, recurrent stroke and other vascular events, days of hospitalisation, requirement for permanent residential care and unexpected serious adverse events. The study is registered under NCT00716079, ISRCTN73916115 and ACTRN12608000362392.
A hydrological investigation using a lumped water balance model: the Aison River Basin case (Greece)
Authors: Karpouzos D. K. , Baltas E. A. , Kavalieratou S. , Babajimopoulos C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe purpose of the present paper is to investigate the hydrological components of the Aison River Basin in northern Greece. The orography of the area and the increasing irrigation needs require a specifically adapted hydrological model in order to address water management issues. With this aim in view, a parsimonious lumped simulation–optimization model with a snowmelt routine is elaborated in a monthly time step. The Nelder–Mead algorithm is applied for automatic optimization of the model parameters using the Nash criterion as an objective function. The model results are also evaluated by additional statistical criteria. In order to further reduce data uncertainty influence, annual actual evapotranspiration values are compared with those derived using three empirical methods (Turk, Coutagne and Schreiber methods). Model outputs were shown to be a good estimation of the hydrological cycle components, indicating that water losses represent almost 62% of the total precipitation volume.
Prior infection with classical swine H1N1 influenza viruses is associated with protective immunity to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus
Authors: Kash John C. , Qi Li , Dugan Vivien G. , Jagger Brett W. , Hrabal Rachel J. , Memoli Matthew J. , Morens David M. , Taubenberger Jeffery K. 
Published: March 2010

Please cite this paper as: Kash et al. (2010) Prior infection with classical swine H1N1 influenza viruses is associated with protective immunity to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(3), 121–127.Background  The 2009 H1N1 pandemic emerged even though seasonal H1N1 viruses have circulated for decades. Epidemio‐logical evidence suggested that the current seasonal vaccine did not offer significant protection from the novel pandemic, and that people over the age of 50 might were less susceptible to infection.Objectives  In a mouse challenge study with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus, we evaluated protective immune responses elicited by prior infection with human and swine influenza A viruses.Results  Mice infected with A/Mexico/4108/2009 (Mex09) showed significant weight loss and 40% mortality. Prior infection with a 1976 classical swine H1N1 virus resulted in complete protection from Mex09 challenge. Prior infection with either a 2009 or a 1940 seasonal H1N1 influenza virus provided partial protection and a >100‐fold reduction in viral lung titers at day 4 post‐infection.Conclusions  These findings indicate that in experimental animals recently induced immunity to 1918‐derived H1N1 seasonal influenza viruses, and to a 1976 swine influenza virus, afford a degree of protection against the 2009 pandemic virus. Implications of these findings are discussed in the context of accumulating data suggesting partial protection of older persons during the 2009 pandemic.
Long‐term study of vascular perfusion effects following arteriovenous sheathotomy for branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Muqit Mahiul M. K. , Saidkasimova Shohista , Keating David , Murdoch John R. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the perfusion effects and long‐term visual outcome of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with arteriovenous sheathotomy (AVS) with or without triamcinolone for nonischaemic branch retinal vein occlusion (NI‐BRVO).Methods:  Prospective, interventional case series of eight patients with NI‐BRVO and haemorrhagic macular oedema. Patients underwent PPV and AVS (n = 5), or PPV, AVS and intravitreal triamcinolone (IVT, n = 3). A masked grading technique assessed fundus photographs and fluorescein angiography (FFA) following surgery. Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy/optical coherence tomography (SLO/OCT) evaluated macular oedema and outer retinal architecture. Main outcomes examined included visual acuity (VA), retinal reperfusion, collateral vessel regression, vascular dilatation, cystoid macular oedema (CMO), and ocular neovascularization.Results:  Seven of eight patients underwent uncomplicated surgery, with increased intraretinal perfusion and reduced engorgement of distal retinal veins. The mean pre‐logMAR VA was 0.8 (SD 0.17) and did not improve significantly after surgery (post‐logMAR 0.6, SD 0.38; p = 0.11, paired t‐test). SLO/OCT showed persistent CMO in four patients, and subfoveal thinning of the photoreceptor layer. Collateral vessels disappeared at the blockage site post‐AVS in 7/8 eyes, and this was associated with improved retinal perfusion. Six of eight patients developed epiretinal membrane. No patients developed ocular neovascularization. The average follow‐up was 34.5 months.Conclusions:  PPV with AVS is a safe procedure, and adjunctive IVT had no additional effects on vascular perfusion. Successful decompressive surgery was followed by disappearance of collateral vessels at the BRVO blockage site and was a clinical marker for intravascular reperfusion. Long‐term epiretinal gliosis and subfoveal photoreceptor atrophy limited functional and visual recovery.
A Novel Approach to Tradition: Torres Strait Islanders and Ion Idriess
Authors: Fuary Maureen 
Published: March 2010

This paper considers the significance of the novel Drums of Mer (1941) in contemporary Torres Strait Islanders' lives. Its use as narrative by many Islanders today constitutes one means by which men especially have come to know themselves, white others, and their past. In particular, I explore the ways in which this story appeals to and is appealed to by Yam Island people. Contrary to literary deconstructions of Idriess's representations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, my paper argues that in seriously attending to Torres Strait readings of Drums of Mer we can see that for contemporary Islander readers, it is not themselves who are other but rather the white protagonists.I employ Said's (1994) notion of ‘cultural overlap’ and de Certeau's (1988) understandings of reading and writing as ‘everyday practices’ to frame my analysis of the differing impacts of the historical novel, Drums of Mer, and the Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits. It is through story telling that Yam Island selves are placed in the past and the present, and in Idriess's memorable story a similar effect is achieved. In his novel approach, the past becomes his‐story, a romanticised refraction of the Reports. Unlike the Reports, this novel is a sensual rendering of a Torres Strait past, and at this level it operates as a mnemonic device for Yam Island people, triggering memories and the imagination through the senses. This Torres Strait Islander detour by way of a past via a story, can be understood as a means by which Yam Island people continue to actively produce powerful images of themselves, for both themselves and for others.
Dancing The Past Into Life: The Rasa, Nrtta and Rāga of Immigrant Existence.
Authors: Ram Kalpana 
Published: March 2010

This paper attempts to explore the significant place that Indian ‘classical’ dance has held, both in postcolonial Indian nationalism, and in the middle‐class Indian diaspora's efforts to transmit the cultural past. While arguing that this orientation towards culture as a set of representations signals a fundamental breakdown in a more primary relation to the past, the paper turns to Indian dance and music for a language with which to appreciate both the full magical force of representations and the persistence of a level of embodied experience which is coherent and meaningful without being representational.If the past were available to us only in the form of express recollections, we should be continually tempted to recall it in order to verify its existence, and thus resemble the patient mentioned by Scheler, who was constantly turning round in order to reassure himself that things were really there—whereas in fact we feel it behind us as an incontestable acquisition. (Merleau‐Ponty, 1986:418)