bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric respiratory medicine—an international perspective
Authors: Gappa Monika , Ferkol Thomas , Kovesi Tom , Landau Louis , McColley Susanna , Sanchez Ignacio , Tal Asher , Wong Gary W.K. , Zar Heather 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAlthough Pediatric Respiratory Medicine as a subspecialty has a long tradition and is well established in some countries, there is a wide variation across different regions of the world with regard to e.g. recognition of the discipline, training requirements, training facilities and clinical needs. This review summarizes the situation in North America (US and Canada), South America, Asia, Australia, Israel and Europe with the aim to highlight commonalities and differences and, ultimately, to further support continuous development of paediatric Respiratory Medicine Worldwide. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:14–24. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design, synthesis and biological activity of cell‐penetrating peptide‐modified octreotide analogs
Authors: Xie Wenlin , Liu Jian , Qiu Minghua , Yuan Jiancheng , Xu Anlong 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFour novel octreotide analogs with cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) at the N‐terminus or C‐terminus were synthesized by a stepwise Fmoc solid‐phase synthesis strategy. The synthesized peptides were analyzed and characterized using reverse phase HPLC and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. The antiproliferative activity of the analogs was tested in vitro on human gastric (SGC‐7901) and hepatocellular cancer (BEL7402) cell lines using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Interestingly, these analogs showed a higher anticancer activities than the parent octreotide except CMTPT03 analog. The results demonstrate that the designed octreotide analogs enhance their anticancer activity after linking together the CPPs to octreotide at the N‐terminus, and are potential molecules for future use in cancer therapy and drug targeting. Copyright © 2009 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectroscopic investigations on HBr+ (X2Π) ion using CCSD(T) theory in combination with cc‐pV5Z basis set
Authors: Shi De‐Heng , Liu Hui , Sun Jin‐Feng , Liu Yu‐Fang , Zhu Zun‐Lue 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe equilibrium internuclear separations, harmonic frequencies, and potential energy curves (PECs) of the HBr+(X2Π) ion have been investigated using the coupled‐cluster singles‐doubles‐approximate‐triples [CCSD(T)] theory in combination with the series of correlation‐consistent basis sets in the valence range. The PECs are all fitted to the Murrell‐Sorbie function, which are used to reproduce the spectroscopic parameters such as De, ωeχe, αe, Be, and D0. The present D0, De, Re, ωe, ωeχe, αe, and Be obtained at the cc‐pV5Z basis set are of 3.9730 eV, 4.1243 eV, 0.14427 nm, 2462.970 cm−1, 47.6979 cm−1, 0.2361 cm−1, and 8.13591 cm−1, respectively, which almost perfectly conform to the measurements. With the potential obtained at the UCCSD(T)/cc‐pV5Z level of theory, a total of 22 vibrational states is predicted when the rotational quantum number J is set to equal zero (J = 0) by numerically solving the radial Schrödinger equation of nuclear motion. The complete vibrational levels and their corresponding classical turning points, inertial rotation, and centrifugal distortion constants are determined when J = 0 for the first time, which are in excellent agreement with the available experiments. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Optimization methodology applied to feed‐forward artificial neural network parameters
Authors: Furtuna Renata , Curteanu Silvia , Cazacu Maria 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article recommends a methodology for developing a neural network with great chances to be an optimal one. The method is based on trial and error in determining the internal parameters of the network considered as having a significant influence over its performance: the number of hidden layers, activation function, number of neurons in the hidden layers, training epochs, learning rate, and momentum term. This optimization methodology is presented in two separate sections: first of them contains a series of practical considerations recommended for neural network modeling, and the second is represented by the proposed optimization algorithm, formulated in six steps and based on the practical statements. Two case studies are chosen to exemplify the use of the algorithm for finding the near optimal neural network: the dependence of the reduced and intrinsic viscosities of the siloxane‐organic copolymers of the solution concentration, temperature, and copolymer type, differing by the siloxane sequence length. The two siloxane‐organic polyazomethines resulted by the reaction of a fully aromatic bisazomethine diol with α,ω‐bis(chloromethyl)oligodimethylsiloxanes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Spectroscopic investigations on AlH(X1Σ+) radical using multireference configuration interaction theory in combination with correlation‐consistent quintuple basis set augmented with diffuse functions
Authors: Shi De‐Heng , Liu Hui , Zhang Xiao‐Niu , Sun Jin‐Feng , Liu Yu‐Fang , Zhu Zun‐Lue 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe equilibrium internuclear separations, harmonic frequencies, and potential energy curves (PECs) of the AlH(X1Σ+) radical have been investigated using the highly accurate valence internally contracted multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) approach in combination with a series of correlation‐consistent basis sets in the valence range. The PECs are all fitted to the Murrell‐Sorbie function, which are used to reproduce the spectroscopic parameters (De, D0, ωeχe, αe, and Be). By comparison with the available experimental results, the PEC obtained at the basis set, aug‐cc‐pV5Z, is selected to investigate the vibrational manifolds. The present D0, De, Re, ωe, ωeχe, αe, and Be are of 3.0731 eV, 3.1775 eV, 0.16510 nm, 1683.37 cm−1, 29.3786 cm−1, 0.18876 cm−1, and 6.3663 cm−1, respectively, which almost perfectly conform to the available measurements. With the potential determined at the MRCI/aug‐cc‐pV5Z level of theory, the total of 26 vibrational states is predicted when the rotational quantum number J is set to equal zero (J = 0) by numerically solving the radial Schrödinger equation of nuclear motion with the Numerov method. The complete vibrational levels, classical turning points, inertial rotation, and centrifugal distortion constants are determined when J = 0 for the first time, which are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Influence of grain orientation on zinc enrichment and surface morphology of an AlZn alloy
Authors: Gentile M. , Koroleva E. V. , Skeldon P. , Thompson G. E. , Bailey P. , Noakes T. C. Q. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractZinc is an important alloying element in the 7000 series aluminium alloys. It is also an element that may enrich near the alloy surface during treatments of aluminium alloys by processes such as electropolishing, alkaline anodic etching and alkaline etching. The enrichment may occur since the change in Gibbs free energy per equivalent for formation of ZnO is less negative than that for formation of Al2O3. The enriched alloying element is present in an alloy layer up to ∼5 nm thick located immediately beneath the alloy/film interface. In the present study, the dependence of the enrichment of zinc on the grain orientation of the alloy is investigated for a solid solution Al‐1.1at.%Zn alloy. The enrichment of the zinc is developed by alkaline etching of the alloy. The grain orientation is determined by electron backscattering diffraction, with enrichments quantified on selected grains by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and medium energy ion scattering. The morphologies of the surfaces of the etched grains are characterised by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The findings reveal that the zinc enrichment ranges from 1.7 × 1015 atoms/cm2 to 3.9 × 1015 atoms/cm2, with the greatest enrichment occurring on a grain of (100) orientation, while differing surface topographical textures are developed on the various grains. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient death as a censoring event or competing risk event in models of nursing home placement
Authors: Szychowski Jeff M. , Roth David L. , Clay Olivio J. , Mittelman Mary S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractParticipant death is often observed in studies that examine predictors of events, such as hospitalization or institutionalization, in older adult populations. The Cox proportional hazards modeling of the target event, whereby death is treated as a censoring event, is the standard analysis in this competing risks situation. However, the assumption of noninformative censoring applied to a frequently occurring competing event like death may be invalid and complicate interpretation in terms of the probability of the event. Multiple cause‐specific hazard (CSH) models can be estimated, but ambiguities may arise when interpreting covariate effects across multiple CSH models and in terms of the cumulative incidence function (CIF). Alternatively, one can model the proportional hazards of the subdistribution of the CIF and evaluate the covariate effects on the CIF directly. We examine and compare these two approaches with nursing home (NH) placement data from a randomized controlled trial of a counseling and support intervention for spouse‐caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease. CSHs for NH placement (where death is treated as a censoring event) and death (where NH placement is treated as a censoring event) and subdistribution hazards of the CIF for NH placement are modeled separately. In the presence of multiple covariates, the intervention effect is significant in both approaches, but the interpretation of the covariate effects requires joint evaluation of all estimated models. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sample size requirement to detect an intervention effect at the end of follow‐up in a longitudinal cluster randomized trial
Authors: Heo Moonseong , Kim Yongman , Xue Xiaonan , Kim Mimi Y. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIt is often anticipated in a longitudinal cluster randomized clinical trial (cluster‐RCT) that the course of outcome over time will diverge between intervention arms. In these situations, testing the significance of a local intervention effect at the end of the trial may be more clinically relevant than evaluating overall mean differences between treatment groups. In this paper, we present a closed‐form power function for detecting this local intervention effect based on maximum likelihood estimates from a mixed‐effects linear regression model for three‐level continuous data. Sample size requirements for the number of units at each data level are derived from the power function. The power function and the corresponding sample size requirements are verified by a simulation study. Importantly, it is shown that sample size requirements computed with the proposed power function are smaller than that required when testing group mean difference using data only at the end of trial and ignoring the course of outcome over the entire study period. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vitamin C coadministration augments bisphenol A, nonylphenol, and octylphenol induced oxidative damage on kidney of rats
Authors: Korkmaz Aslı , Aydoğan Müfide , Kolankaya Dürdane , Barlas Nurhayat 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), and octylphenol (OP) induce oxidative stress on the kidney tissue of male rats and whether coadministration of vitamin C, an antioxidant, can prevent any possible oxidative stress. The Wistar male rats were divided into seven groups, including control, BPA, NP, OP, BPA+C, NP + C, OP +C. BPA, NP, and OP (25 mg/kg/day) was administered alone; vitamin C (60 mg/kg/day) was administered along with BPA, OP, and NP to the rats for 50 days. There was a decrease in serum concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in NP and OP groups compared with control group. Vitamin C coadministration with BPA, NP, and OP did not produce significant increase in BUN concentration in BPA +C, NP+ C, and OP + C group as compared with BPA, NP, and OP groups, respectively. The lowest serum creatinine activity and the highest lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was present in kidney of BPA+C, NP+C and OP+C groups compared with BPA, NP, and OP groups. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher while glutathione (GSH) levels were lower in treatment groups than controls. Furthermore, an increase was observed in MDA levels whereas a decrease was observed in GSH levels in BPA+ C, NP + C, and OP+ C groups compared with BPA, NP, and OP groups, respectively. These finding are in accordance with immunohistochemical staining of MDA and GSH. Histopathological examination of the kidneys of rats in BPA, OP, NP, BPA+ C, NP + C, and OP+ C groups revealed necrotic lesions, congestion, and mononuclear cell infiltration. In conclusion BPA, NP, and OP might induce oxidative damage in kidney of rats. In addition, coadministration of vitamin C with BPA, NP, and OP to male rats augments this damage in the kidney of male rats. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2011.
Retronasal triangle: a sonographic landmark for the screening of cleft palate in the first trimester
Authors: Sepulveda W. , Wong A. E. , Martinez‐Ten P. , Perez‐Pedregosa J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo describe a new first‐trimester sonographic landmark, the retronasal triangle, which may be useful in the early screening for cleft palate.MethodsThe retronasal triangle, i.e. the three echogenic lines formed by the two frontal processes of the maxilla and the palate visualized in the coronal view of the fetal face posterior to the nose, was evaluated prospectively in 100 consecutive normal fetuses at the time of routine first‐trimester sonographic screening at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation. In a separate study of five fetuses confirmed postnatally as having a cleft palate, ultrasound images, including multiplanar three‐dimensional views, were analyzed retrospectively to review the retronasal triangle.ResultsNone of the fetuses evaluated prospectively was affected by cleft lip and palate. During their first‐trimester scan, the retronasal triangle could not be identified in only two fetuses. Reasons for suboptimal visualization of this area included early gestational age at scanning (11 weeks) and persistent posterior position of the fetal face. Of the five cases with postnatal diagnosis of cleft palate, an abnormal configuration of the retronasal triangle was documented in all cases on analysis of digitally stored three‐dimensional volumes.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating evaluation of the retronasal triangle into the routine evaluation of the fetal anatomy at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation. Because fetuses with cleft palate have an abnormal configuration of the retronasal triangle, focused examination of the midface, looking for this area at the time of the nuchal translucency scan, may facilitate the early detection of cleft palate in the first trimester. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating offspring production using capture‐mark‐recapture and genetic methods in red squirrels
Authors: Di Pierro Erica , Bertolino Sandro , Martinoli Adriano , Preatoni Damiano , Tosi Guido , Wauters Lucas A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractReproductive rate is a key demographic parameter of life history and population ecology. In traditional population‐ecology studies of small mammals, this and other vital rates are inferred from capture‐mark‐recapture (CMR) data. However, CMR assumes that immigrants at first capture can be distinguished from unmarked locally born offspring, an assumption not always met. We verified CMR estimates of locally born red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) offspring as a measure of reproductive rate, with candidate offspring (CO)–candidate parent (mothers, CPs) assignment by CERVUS, using ten DNA microsatellite loci. Seventy‐two of 122 candidate offspring (59%) were assigned to 52 of 125 CPs in six populations. Estimates of mean litter size were 1.5 young (range 1–3). The 50 CO (41%) not assigned to a reproducing female in the study site were considered immigrants. Parentage assignment also provided evidence of dispersal between two of our sites. Overall, CMR and CERVUS agreed in 77% of cases. Considering only the 55 juveniles determined as locally born by CMR, 50 (91%) were also assigned as local offspring with CERVUS. The main discrepancy between the two methods was that 22 subadult squirrels classified immigrants by CMR, were assigned by CERVUS to females which had reproduced in our sites. It is concluded that although in our study system agreement between CMR and CERVUS in determining local offspring was high, using genetic parentage assignment helped to correctly classify some subadults, considered immigrants by CMR, as locally born. Hence, in large‐scale demographic studies, combining CMR with parentage assignment will allow more precise estimates of reproduction and dispersal.
The effect of patch reef size on fish species richness in a shallow coral reef shore zone where territorial herbivores are abundant
Authors: Hattori Akihisa , Shibuno Takuro 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSmall patch reefs can harbor many reef fishes because most fishes have a drifting larval phase to randomly disperse over patchy habitats. We examined the species–area relationship (SAR) of damselfish (Pomacentridae) assemblages over 84 small patch reefs (0.05–45.4 m2) using an enlarged section of a high‐resolution color aerial photograph as a field map (1/2500) in a shallow coral reef shore zone (<2 m deep, 3.6 ha, Shiraho Reef, Ishigaki Island, Japan). This study confirmed that the logarithmic function is better than other functions (including the power function) to explain the SAR in this scale. Actual species richness (24) over the entire study site was much higher than the species richness (15.4) extrapolated from the regression line in semi‐log space. Better estimates were obtained using random placement models and computer simulations. These results suggest that several small patch reefs are likely to have higher species richness than a single large reef of equivalent area at the study site. The total number of individuals of the four most abundant territorial herbivores increased almost linearly with patch reef area, but that of other species roughly increased with the square root of the area. While no territorial species were found in the smallest reefs, the large territorial herbivore, Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopon, was abundant and had negative effects on species richness in large reefs. Although the well‐known single‐large‐or‐several‐small (SLOSS) debate has largely been settled, this dichotomy can be important in places where territorial herbivores do not occupy the smallest reefs.
‘Signs of churning’: Muslim Personal Law and public contestation in twenty-first century India
Authors: JONES JUSTIN 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFor many Muslims, the preservation of Muslim Personal Law has become the touchstone of their capacity to defend their religious identity in modern India. This paper examines public debate over Muslim Personal Law, not as a site of consensus within the community, but rather as an arena in which a varied array of Muslim individuals, schools and organisations have sought to assert their own distinctiveness. This is done by discussing the evolution of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board, the most influential organisation to speak on such matters since the 1970s, with particular focus on its recent disintegration at the hands of a number of alternative legal councils formed by feminist, clerical and other groups. These organisations have justified their existence through criticism of the organisation's alleged attempts to standardise Islamic law, and its perceived dominance by the Deobandi school of thought. In truth, however, this process of fragmentation results from a complex array of embryonic and interlinked personal, political and ideological competitions, indicative of the increasingly fraught process of consensus-building in contemporary Indian Muslim society.
Mathematical modelling of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): vaccination strategies and budget applications
Authors: ACEDO L. , DÍEZ-DOMINGO J. , MORAÑO J.-A. , VILLANUEVA R.-J. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARYWe propose an age-structured mathematical model for respiratory syncytial virus in which children aged <1 year are especially considered. Real data on hospitalized children in the Spanish region of Valencia were used in order to determine some seasonal parameters of the model. Weekly predictions of the number of children aged <1 year that will be hospitalized in the following years in Valencia are presented using this model. Results are applied to estimate the regional cost of paediatric hospitalizations and to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of possible vaccination strategies.
Discourse planning for information composition and delivery: A reusable platform
Authors: PARIS CÉCILE , COLINEAU NATHALIE , LAMPERT ANDREW , VANDER LINDEN KEITH 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTo work effectively in information-rich environments, knowledge workers must be able to distil the most appropriate information from the deluge of information available to them. This is difficult to do manually. Natural language engineers can support these workers by developing information delivery tools, but because of the wide variety of contexts in which information is acquired and delivered, these tools have tended to be domain-specific, ad hoc solutions that are hard to generalise. This paper discusses Myriad, a platform that generalises the integration of sets of resources to a variety of information delivery contexts. Myriad provides resources from natural language generation for discourse planning as well as a service-based architecture for data access. The nature of Myriad's resources is driven by engineering concerns. It focuses on resources that reason about and generate from coarse-grained units of information, likely to be provided by existing information sources, and it supports the integration of pipe-lined planning and template mechanisms. The platform is illustrated in the context of three information delivery applications and is evaluated with respect to its utility.
ON VON NEUMANN–JORDAN CONSTANTS
Authors: HASHIMOTO KAZUO , NAKAMURA GEN 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this note, we provide an example of a Banach space X for which $\tilde {C}_{NJ}(X)=1$ that is not isomorphic to any Hilbert space, where $\tilde {C}_{NJ}(X)$ denotes the infimum of all von Neumann–Jordan constants for equivalent norms of X.
Challenges and opportunities for managing respiratory disease in dairy calves
Authors: Stanton Amy 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is important for the Ontario dairy industry due to the large economic and welfare costs of this disease. Practical science-based management techniques are needed to control and reduce the risk of this disease. Currently, the emphasis on BRD is focused on early detection of disease and prevention. These areas are important but it is not practical to assume this disease will be eliminated in the near future. It is necessary to determine the best practices for caring for sick animals, monitoring their recovery and making changes to their management to facilitate health and recovery. If management changes can be made for animals that are failing to thrive in a current situation, a more complete recovery may be possible and the welfare and economic costs of BRD may be minimized.