bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saccharina Japonica Polysaccharides Suppress High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obesity and Modulate Gut Microbiota Composition and Function
Authors: Wang Sijia , Fu Zixi , Chen Weibing , Wu Sitong , Ke Songze , Tu Jianfeng , Wei Bin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent studies have highlighted the potential of Saccharina japonica Polysaccharides (SJPs) in alleviating high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity by regulating gut microbiota, which warrants further exploration to elucidate the underlying structure‐activity relationship. In this study, five polysaccharide fractions (Sj−T, Sj−T‐1, Sj−T‐2, Sj−T‐3, and Sj−T‐4) with different structure characteristics were prepared from S. japonica, and their effects on HFD‐induced obesity and gut microbiota composition were investigated using C57BL/6J mice. The results revealed that oral administration of Sj−T considerably suppressed HFD‐induced obesity, glucose metabolic dysfunction, and other disordered symptoms. While, Sj−T‐2, which has the lowest molecular weight, was the most effective in alleviating HFD‐induced obesity and had the second‐best effect on improving HFD‐induced impaired glucose tolerance among the five SJPs. Supplementation with SJPs significantly modulated HFD‐induced gut microbiota dysbiosis both at the phylum and species levels, such as enriching Desulfobacterota and Actinobacteriota, while suppressing the abundance of Bacteroidota. Sj−T also dramatically restored the gut microbiota composition by modulating the abundance of many crucial gut bacterial taxa, including s_Bacteroides_acidifaciens, s_Lachnospiraceae _bacterium, and g_Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. Besides, SJPs also dramatically altered the function of gut microbiota, including many carbohydrate‐metabolism enzymes. This study highlights the potential of SJPs in preventing obesity and restoring intestinal homeostasis in obese individuals.
Improvement of current immunotherapies with engineered oncolytic viruses that target cancer stem cells
Authors: Soroush Alborz , Shahhosseini Reza , Ghavamikia Nima , Hjazi Ahmed , Roudaki Shahrzad , KhalatbariLimaki Mahdi , Mirbolouk Mahtab , Pakmehr SeyedAbbas , Karimi Parvin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe heterogeneity of the solid tumor microenvironment (TME) impairs the therapeutic efficacy of standard therapies and also reduces the infiltration of antitumor immune cells, all of which lead to tumor progression and invasion. In addition, self‐renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs) support tumor dormancy, drug resistance, and recurrence, all of which might pose challenges to the eradication of malignant tumor masses with current therapies. Natural forms of oncolytic viruses (OVs) or engineered OVs are known for their potential to directly target and kill tumor cells or indirectly eradicate tumor cells by involving antitumor immune responses, including enhancement of infiltrating antitumor immune cells, induction of immunogenic cell death, and reprogramming of cold TME to an immune‐sensitive hot state. More importantly, OVs can target stemness factors that promote tumor progression, which subsequently enhances the efficacy of immunotherapies targeting solid tumors, particularly the CSC subpopulation. Herein, we describe the role of CSCs in tumor heterogeneity and resistance and then highlight the potential and remaining challenges of immunotherapies targeting CSCs. We then review the potential of OVs to improve tumor immunogenicity and target CSCs and finally summarize the challenges within the therapeutic application of OVs in preclinical and clinical trials.
Ring finger protein 216 loss‐of‐function induces white matter hyperintensities by inhibiting oligodendroglia proliferation
Authors: Xu Wenqing , Chen Keliang , Yuan Yiwen , Guo Min , Dong Qiang , Cui Mei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhite matter hyperintensities (WMHs) refer to a group of diseases with numerous etiologies while oligodendrocytes remain the centerpiece in the pathogenesis of WMHs. Ring Finger Protein 216 (RNF216) encodes a ubiquitin ligase, and its mutation begets WMHs, ataxia, and cognitive decline in patients. Yet no study has revealed the function of RNF216 in oligodendroglia and WHIs before. In this study, we summarized the phenotypes of RNF216‐mutation cases and explored the normal distribution of RNF216 in distinct brain regions and neuronal cells by bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, MO3.13, a human oligodendrocyte cell line, was applied to study the function alteration after RNF216 knockdown. As a result, WMHs were the most common symptom in RNF216‐mutated diseases, and RNF216 was indeed relatively enriched in corpus callosum and oligodendroglia in humans. The downregulation of RNF216 in oligodendroglia remarkably hampered cell proliferation by inhibiting the Akt pathway while having no significant effect on cell injury and oligodendrocyte maturation. Combining clinical, bioinformatical, and experimental evidence, our study implied the pivotal role of RNF216 in WMHs which might serve as a potent target in the therapy of WMHs.
MXene Synthesis and Carbon Capture Applications: Mini‐Review
Authors: Li Xinxing , Zhan Minqing , Liu Yulong , Tu Wenguang , Li Huaiguang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMXenes, a class of two‐dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable potential for energy storage, electrocatalysis, and gas separation applications. The fabrication processes of MXene involve building up the MXene structure from constituent elements and the selective elimination of M−A bonds from the precursor MAX. However, considerable efforts are still required to design and develop efficient MXene‐based technologies. This review article aims to briefly analyse the synthesis methods employed for MXene production, ranging from direct synthesis and conventional chemical wet etching approach to the more recent molten salt etching technique. The review highlights the advancements made in achieving precise control over the terminal groups, which is paramount for tailoring the properties of MXenes for specific applications. Furthermore, the potential of MXene‐based materials for carbon capture applications, particularly in developing advanced adsorbents, is emphasized. The in‐depth examination of MXene synthesis techniques and their implications for carbon capture applications provides a solid foundation for developing and optimizing these promising materials.
Unveiling the Reactivity of Part Per Million Levels of Cobalt‐Salen Complexes in Hydrosilylation of Ketones
Authors: Latha Anjima T. , Swamy P. Chinna Ayya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA series of air‐stable cobalt(III)salen complexes Co‐1 to Co‐4 have been synthesized and employed in the hydrosilylation of ketones. Notably, the most intricately tailored Co‐3 pre‐catalyst exhibited exceptional catalytic activity under mild reaction conditions. The developed catalytic hydrosilylation protocol proceeded with an unusual ppm level (5 ppm) catalyst loading of Co‐3 and achieved a maximum turnover number (TON) of 200,000. A wide variety of aromatic, aliphatic, and heterocyclic ketones encompassing both electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing substituents were successfully transformed into the desired silyl ethers or secondary alcohols in moderate to excellent yields.
Photoinduced Energy and Electron Transfer in a ‘Two‐Point’ Bound Panchromatic, Near‐Infrared‐Absorbing Bis‐styrylBODIPY(Zinc Porphyrin)2 – Fullerene Self‐Assembled Supramolecular Conjugate
Authors: Shao Shuai , Gobeze Habtom B. , De Silva Imesha W. , Schaffner Jacob , Verbeck Guido , Karr Paul A. , D'Souza Francis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStructurally well‐defined self‐assembled supramolecular multi‐modular donor‐acceptor conjugates play a significant role in furthering our understanding of photoinduced energy and electron transfer events occurring in nature, e. g., in the antenna‐reaction centers of photosynthesis and their applications in light energy harvesting. However, building such multi‐modular systems capable of mimicking the early events of photosynthesis has been synthetically challenging, causing a major hurdle for its growth. Often, multi‐modularity is brought in by combining both covalent and noncovalent approaches. In the present study, we have developed such an approach wherein a π‐extended conjugated molecular cleft, two zinc(II)porphyrin bearing bisstyrylBODIPY (dyad, 1), has been synthesized. The binding of 1 via a ‘two‐point’ metal‐ligand coordination of a bis‐pyridyl fulleropyrrolidine (2), forming a stable self‐assembled supramolecular complex (1 : 2), has been established. The self‐assembled supramolecular complex has been fully characterized by a suite of physico‐chemical methods, including TD‐DFT studies. From the established energy diagram, both energy and electron transfer events were envisioned. In dyad 1, selective excitation of zinc(II)porphyrin leads to efficient singlet‐singlet excitation transfer to (bisstyrly)BODIPY with an energy transfer rate constant, kEnT of 2.56×1012 s−1. In complex 1 : 2, photoexcitation of zinc(II)porphyrin results in ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer with a charge separation rate constant, kCS of 2.83×1011 s−1, and a charge recombination rate constant, kCR of 2.51×109 s−1. For excitation at 730 nm corresponding to bisstyrylBODIPY, similar results are obtained, where a biexponential decay yielded estimated values of kCS 3.44×1011 s−1 and 2.97×1010 s−1, and a kCR value of 2.10×1010 s−1. The newly built self‐assembled supramolecular complex has been shown to successfully mimic the early events of the photosynthetic antenna‐reaction center events.
Structural Flexibility is a Decisive Factor in FLP Dihydrogen Cleavage with Tetrahedral Lewis Acids: A Silane Case Study
Authors: Thorwart Thaddäus , Greb Lutz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDihydrogen activation is the paradigmatic reaction of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). While trigonal‐planar Lewis acids have been well established in this transformation, tetrahedral Lewis acids are surprisingly limited. Indeed, several cases were computed as thermodynamically and kinetically feasible but exhibit puzzling discrepancies with experimental results. In the present study, a computational investigation of the factors influencing dihydrogen activation are considered by large ensemble sampling of encounter complexes, deformation energies and the activation strain model for a silicon/nitrogen FLP and compared with a boron/phosphorous FLP. The analysis adds the previously missing dimension of Lewis acids’ structural flexibility as a factor that influences preexponential terms beyond pure transition state energies. It sheds light on the origin of “overfrustration” (defined herein), indicates structural constraint in Lewis acids as a linchpin for activation of weak donor substrates, and allows drawing a more refined mechanistic picture of this emblematic reactivity.
New Conjugates of Hyaluronic Acid with γ‐Cyclodextrin as Sorafenib Carrier in Cancer Cells
Authors: Bognanni Noemi , Viale Maurizio , Sabatino Giuseppina , Pappalardo Giuseppe , Vecchio Graziella 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, nanoparticles based on cyclodextrins have been widely investigated, mainly for drug delivery. In this work, we synthesized nanoparticles with a hyaluronic acid backbone (11 kDa and 45 kDa) functionalized with γ‐cyclodextrins. We tested sorafenib in the presence of the new hyaluronan‐cyclodextrin conjugates in A2780 (ovarian cancer), SK‐HeP‐1 (adenocarcinoma) and MDA‐MB‐453 (breast cancer) cell lines. We found that hyaluronan‐cyclodextrin conjugates improve the antiproliferative activity of sorafenib. Remarkably, the system based on the 11 kDa hyaluronan conjugate was the most effective and, in the MDA‐MB‐453 cell line, significantly reduced the IC50 value of sorafenib cells by about 75 %.
Direct Conjugation of TiO2 Nanoparticles with Phototherapeutic Prodrug 5‐Aminolevulinic Acid
Authors: Hajareh Haghighi Farid , Mercurio Martina , Cerra Sara , Palocci Cleofe , Rossi Marco , Marsotto Martina , Battocchio Chiara , Fratoddi Ilaria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) were directly conjugated with the phototherapeutic prodrug, 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA), using a mild and green approach. The resultant TiO2NPs‐ALA nanoconjugates were characterized by different techniques, including HPLC, UV‐Vis, FTIR‐ATR, 1H‐NMR, FESEM‐EDS, TEM, DLS, and synchrotron radiation‐induced XPS (SR‐XPS) to assess the successful loading of 15 % and the chemical stability of ALA on the TiO2NPs. More importantly, the SR‐XPS results showed the stabilizing effect of TiO2 nanosurface on the ALA molecules (against structural change) in neutral and alkaline pHs, which is of great significance in the potential therapeutic applications of ALA. The FESEM and TEM results exhibited the grain‐like TiO2NPs‐ALA particles with a 20–50 nm size distribution, indicating size‐controlling effect of ALA on the TiO2NPs during the conjugation process and the presence of the organic molecule layer onto the surface. TiO2NPs‐ALA represents a promising candidate for studies in photodynamic therapy considering the stabilization effect observed by spectroscopic characterizations.
Paracetamol Inclusion in Mechanically Interlocked Nanocages
Authors: Elli Stefano , Famulari Antonino , Martí‐Rujas Javier 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe solid‐state synthesis and fast crystallization under kinetic control of poly‐[n]‐catenanes self‐assembled of mechanically interlocked metal organic cages (MOCs) is virtually unexplored. This is in part, due to the lack of suitable crystals for single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD) analysis which limits their progress as advanced functional materials. Here we report the unprecedented inclusion of paracetamol in the cavities of amorphous materials constituted of M12L8, interlocked MOCs synthesized by mechanochemistry under kinetic control. Full structure determination of a low‐crystallinity and low‐resolution powders of the M12L8 poly‐[n]‐catenane including paracetamol has been carried out combining XRD data and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations using a multi‐step approach. Each M12L8 cage contains six paracetamol guests which is confirmed by thermal analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The paracetamol loading has been also carried out by the instant synthesis method using a saturated paracetamol solution in which TPB and ZnI2 self‐assemble immediately (i. e., 1–5 seconds) encapsulating ~7 paracetamol molecules in the M12L8 nanocages under kinetic control also giving a good selectivity. Benzaldehyde has been included in the M12L8 cages using amorphous M12L8 polycatenanes showing that the icosahedral cages can serve as potential nanoreactors for instance to study Henry reactions in the solid‐state.
Modeling and analysis of digital current‐mode controlled single‐inductor dual‐output DC–DC converter with different PWM modulation modes
Authors: He Mingzhi , Cheng Weidong , Zhou Shuhan , Yan Tiesheng 
Published: June 2024

SummaryCurrent‐mode control is extensively used in dc–dc converters as the merits of fast transient performance, simple control loop, and elimination of right‐half‐plane zeros for boost‐type dc–dc converters. In single‐inductor multiple‐output (SIMO) dc–dc converter, the inductor current would present different trends under different circuit parameters. Therefore, the control logic changes for different inductor current trends, and the corresponding modulations are absolutely different. In this paper, a digital current‐mode control technology for SIMO dc–dc converter is proposed to expend the convenience of current‐mode control with different inductor trends. Choosing continuous conduction mode (CCM) single‐inductor dual‐output (SIDO) dc–dc converter as the research object, the principles are analyzed under different pulse width modulation modes, and the corresponding control algorithms are derived. Moreover, the discrete iterative map model is established to analyze the stability of input and output voltages varying. The results show that not only the digital current‐mode controlled SIDO buck converter has fast load transient response and small cross‐regulation but also the input and output voltages will not affect the stability in the leading edge modulation, which is different from the corresponding analog current‐mode control technology. Finally, the experimental results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Voltage‐based fault arc detection based on PCA‐RF
Authors: Wu Nengqi , Wang Honglei , Peng Mingyi , Wang Jiaju , Lu Qiwei 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe arc fault characteristics of certain loads lack significance, making it difficult to efficiently detect the line current characteristics. This research presents a novel approach for detecting arc faults using a combination of principalc analysis (PCA) and Random Forest (RF) based on voltage measurements. The time‐domain eigenvalues of the load terminal voltages of single and mixed loads are initially extracted during both arc fault and normal operation. Principal component analysis is then conducted on a subset of these eigenvalues. The skewness and magnitude features of the resulting principal components and load terminal voltages are utilized as inputs for the Random Forest algorithm. After training the model, classification results are obtained. Ultimately, it is contrasted with techniques such as rime optimization algorithm‐multilayer perceptron (RIME‐MLP), convolutional neural network‐gated recurrent unit‐SE attention (CNN‐GRU‐SE), and Kepler optimization algorithm‐support vector machine (KOA‐SVM). The results demonstrated that the approach exhibits superior accuracy and a reduced false alarm rate.
Design, analysis, and implementation of a phase‐shift controlled cascaded H‐bridge and anti‐interleaved zeta converter‐based E‐bike battery charging circuitry
Authors: Raja Chandrasekhar Puranam , G Arunkumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe rapid extinction of the fossil fuels across the globe has led to the technological advancements in the field of renewable energy sector and the electric vehicular technology. In order to match the paradigm shift in the energy sector and the technology, the battery charging circuitry of electric vehicle (EV) led to the revolutionary changes in the field of power electronics. Accordingly, various conventional topologies of DC‐DC converters were evolved. But there are a few drawbacks such as bulkiness, nonmultiple ports, and less control over the output current ripple. This work proposes a DC‐DC converter which is a hybrid combination of the full‐bridge converter and the zeta converter. The current and the voltage reversals at the high‐frequency transformer (HFT) terminals are made steady by anti‐interleaving the zeta converters on the secondary side. The control pulses of the full‐bridge converter are phase‐shifted to have the tight grip over the output. The modes of operation of the proposed DC‐DC converter has have presented. The calculation of the energy, current, and the voltage for the active and the passive components of the proposed converter has been provided. The proposed system is simulated, and the plots of the voltages and currents of different components of the converter are presented. The converter prototype has been developed to charge a 36 V lithium‐ion battery, and the effect of the phase shift on input current can be seen from the exhaustive results. The comparison of the calculated and simulated currents and voltages has been graphically illustrated. The proposed converter provides a novel converter topology which includes better output control with phase shift and reduced size of memory elements due to high‐frequency switching.
Resonant and nonresonant excitation of waves in a planar magnetosonic flow
Authors: Perelomova Anna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractForced propagation of perturbations in a magnetosonic wave are considered. The driving force may be caused by stimulated Mandelstam–Brillouin scattering of optic waves or by intense magnetosonic exciter. Some heating‐cooling function which takes into account radiative cooling and unspecified heating is taken into consideration, as well as nonlinearity of a medium. Both these factors make the excitation particular. The analytical and numerical evaluations reveal that forced oscillations differ essentially from the free propagation and depend on a number of dimensionless parameters such as the ratio of speed of exciter to the eigen speed of excited wave, the ratio of speed of an excited wave to its eigen speed, and the dimensionless magnitude of an exciter. Forced excitation is resonant if speed of an exciter coincides with the eigen speed of excited wave but may give rise to the excited perturbations with the speed different from the eigen one. The preliminary evaluations may be helpful for the controlled excitation of perturbations in natural and laboratory plasma systems and indication of the parameters of an exciter.
Error analysis of OFDM‐IM systems for beyond 5G: The effect of IQI at transceiver
Authors: Ceniklioglu Busra , Develi Ibrahim , Canbilen Ayse Elif 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIt is well known that hardware impairments (HWIs) can worthy reduce the wireless system performance at high carrier frequencies by showing random effects. Most current researches for 5 GB systems assume that transmitters and receivers (transceivers) are perfectly equipped. But wireless transceivers (
) are affected by HWIs in practice. Considering the previous studies in the literature, it is reported that HWIs have devastating effects on the performance of OFDM and OFDM‐index modulation (IM) systems with fading channels. In this paper, in‐phase and quadrature phase imbalance (IQI), which is the one of most HWIs between transmitter and receiver in wireless communication systems, is examined on OFDM‐IM system over Rayleigh and Nakagami‐
fading channels. Two well‐known detectors, the maximum likelihood (ML) detector and the log‐likelihood ratio (LLR) detector are used under the effect of the IQI at
. Error performance analyzes over fading channels of the IQI effect on OFDM‐IM system are realized first theoretically and then by computer simulations. Results obtained for the presence of IQI at
show that a performance evaluation based only on the presence of IQI in the receiver would be optimistic and misleading in terms of the performance of real‐life OFDM‐IM systems.
Accounting for nonlinear responses to traits improves range shift predictions
Authors: Cannistra Anthony F. , Buckley Lauren B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccurately predicting species' range shifts in response to environmental change is paramount for understanding ecological processes and global change. In synthetic analyses, traits emerge as significant but weak predictors of species' range shifts across recent climate change. These studies assume linear responses to traits, while detailed empirical work often reveals trait responses that are unimodal and contain thresholds or other nonlinearities. We hypothesize that the use of linear modeling approaches fails to capture these nonlinearities and, therefore, may be under‐powering traits to predict range shifts. We evaluate the predictive performance of approaches that can capture nonlinear relationships (ridge‐regularized linear regression, support vector regression with linear and nonlinear kernels, and random forests). We apply our models using six multidecadal range shift datasets for plants, moths, marine fish, birds, and small mammals. We show that nonlinear approaches can perform better than least‐squares linear modeling in reproducing historical range shifts. Consistent with expectations, we identify dispersal and climatic niche traits as primary determinants of distribution shifts. Traits identified as important predictors and the direction of trait effects are generally consistent across models, but there are notable exceptions. Among important predictors, there are more consistent responses to climatic niches than dispersal ability. Modest improvements in predictability when accounting for nonlinearities and interactions, and the overall low amount of variance accounted for by trait predictors suggest limits to trait‐based statistical predictive frameworks.