bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La perpétuation de l’oralité du « muet » dans quelques incipit filmiques des premières années du parlant
Authors: Boillat Alain 
Published: July 2012

Partant d’une perspective sémiotique appliquée aux débuts de films pour élargir l’approche à une réflexion historique sur l’intermédialité, cet article examine le postulat selon lequel les spectacles vivants qui précédaient la projection des films dans les années 1920 ont été en quelque sorte « happés » par le discours filmique. À travers l’examen d’un ensemble de films réalisés entre 1927 et 1937 qui accordent une place prépondérante à l’adresse vocale dans leur générique ou leur prologue, l’auteur met en évidence certains phénomènes de résurgence de l’oralité propre à la période « muette », les speakers des premiers talkies endossant une fonction à certains égards similaire à celle du bonimenteur des premiers temps. L’accent est mis sur la production cinématographique de Guitry, dont la passion pour la « théâtralité » l’incite à proposer des formes singulières d’auto-mise en scène et d’adresse au spectateur. La question de la réflexivité des incipit passe également par la prise en compte de la dimension technologique, qui est parfois intégrée au film même, à l’instar de l’ouverture radiophonique de L’Atlantide de Pabst. Ces considérations s’inscrivent plus généralement dans une réflexion sur les diverses imitations de la voix vive à l’ère des technologies de l’audiovisuel.
Le Grand Imagier et le Haut Parleur. Langue et énonciation au début du cinéma sonore
Authors: Lacasse Germain 
Published: July 2012

Les travaux théoriques portant sur les nouvelles figures d’énonciation qui ont accompagné l’avènement du cinéma parlant (voixover, voixoff, doublage, etc.) ont souvent associé celles-ci à la notion de « Grand Imagier » proposée par Albert Laffay. Les travaux de Christian Metz ont en quelque sorte consolidé cette approche iconique de la théorie de l’énonciation en la liant surtout à l’étude de la bande image. L’étude qui suit propose d’enrichir ces travaux en examinant le rôle de la langue et de l’accent dans certains films des débuts du parlant. Les écrits de Robert Stam sur Bakhtin et la translinguistique permettent de réexaminer les études sur cette période en y envisageant langue et accent comme des marques d’énonciation. L’article suppose que ces marques ont pris la relève des bonimenteurs et qu’à côté du Grand Imagier se trouve également un « Haut Parleur », c’est-à-dire une instance virtuelle d’énonciation dont la source est sonore ; cette hypothèse est mise à l’épreuve dans l’étude critique d’ouvrages récents consacrés à la bande sonore dans la période de l’interrègne.
Vieillissement actif et enjeux de la formation dans le temps de retraite
Authors: Chamahian Aline 
Published: July 2012

À partir d’une étude sur l’engagement en formation dans les universités et les universités Tous âges, l’article interroge la notion de vieillissement « actif » à travers l’analyse des rapports que les retraités entretiennent face à la formation. Pris dans une tension entre un pôle culturel et un pôle économique, le vieillir en restant « actif » par la formation ne se limite plus au seul rapport culturel. D’autres types de rapports se dessinent : s’occuper, se rendre utile, se reconvertir, qui rendent compte des enjeux contemporains de l’activité de formation dans ce temps de l’existence.
Vieillir, un fardeau pour les proches ?1
Authors: Caradec Vincent 
Published: July 2012

L’aide à un proche âgé est souvent envisagée à travers la notion de burden. Or, celle-ci présente le double inconvénient de renforcer l’image de la vieillesse comme problème et d’occulter la diversité des significations que les aidants donnent à la situation. L’article, fondé sur l’analyse d’entretiens réalisés auprès d’aidants (conjoints et enfants, principalement), se propose d’élaborer une autre représentation, qui prend la forme d’une typologie mettant en relief la diversité des expériences de l’aide : aide-altération, aide-contraintes, aide-engagement et aide-satisfaction.
Les transformations socioprofessionnelles de l’encadrement de premier niveau : une comparaison France-Québec
Authors: Gillet Anne 
Published: July 2012

Nous comparons la fonction d’encadrement de premier niveau en France et au Québec. Nommés en France « agents de maîtrise » et « contremaîtres », ils sont, selon la terminologie québécoise, des superviseurs, des contremaîtres ou des gestionnaires de premier niveau, des first-line managers ou middle management en langue anglaise. Au premier niveau d’encadrement, ils exercent une responsabilité hiérarchique auprès des techniciens supérieurs et des opérateurs. Nous avons analysé cette fonction dans deux entreprises similaires de transports urbains de voyageurs (Paris, Montréal). Nous avons comparé son statut, ses rôles complexes de régulation, ses compétences, ses identités dans le travail et ses évolutions. Notre typologie des postures identitaires au travail des contremaîtres-agents de maîtrise en France s’applique en partie au Québec, soulignant donc l’hétérogénéité de ce groupe professionnel dans ces deux contextes nationaux.
Michel Foucault, éthique et politique
Authors: Olivier Lawrence 
Published: July 2012

On peut affirmer que, depuis deux siècles environ, les sciences sociales ont posé leur rapport à l’éthique d’une seule façon. Qu’elle ait seulement cherché à comprendre le monde ou qu’elle ait eu pour objectif de le transformer, la pratique de la science a toujours eu pour fondement un système de valeurs considéré comme universel. L’éthique définit alors un certain usage de la connaissance et du savoir.
Les travaux de Michel Foucault ont tenté, et c’est l’hypothèse que nous voulons défendre, de redéfinir le rapport entre la politique et l’éthique. Le philosophe français n’a pas cherché un autre fondement - plus universel - à la politique. D’ailleurs, en faisant cela, il n’aurait rien changé d’essentiel à notre façon d’engager le combat politique. En fait, il montre qu’il n’y a pas à chercher de fondement éthique à la politique, mais que le travail éthique, du moins un certain travail éthique, est politique. Autrement dit, Foucault refuse de penser la politique dans les formes d’une morale, c’est-à-dire à partir d’une théorie politique donnée, d’un système de valeurs considéré comme universel, et il fait de ce refus une condition à l’action politique.
Sur le multiculturalisme et la politique de la différence identitaire : Taylor, Walzer, Kymlicka
Authors: Gignac Jean-Luc 
Published: July 2012

Les trois pensées politiques analysées tentent de situer le multiculturalisme et la politique de la différence identitaire dans le cadre de la démocratie moderne. De son côté, Charles Taylor soutient que la reconnaissance des identités communautaires peut favoriser la citoyenneté participative et la recherche de biens communs. Michael Walzer, pour sa part, affirme que l’appartenance à une communauté constitue un besoin primordial, aussi important que les droits fondamentaux. Enfin, Will Kymlicka avance que la reconnaissance de droits « différentiels » peut, dans certains cas, permettre d’appliquer l’esprit des principes de base du libéralisme que sont l’autonomie et la liberté des individus. L’article montre de plus que le multiculturalisme contient certains pièges : il peut notamment favoriser les groupes de pression particularistes et les idéologies du ressentiment.
L'abus de pouvoir en droit commercial québécois
Authors: Caron Yves 
Published: July 2012

To ensure the respect of legality by commercial corporations, the doctrine of abuse of rights is of practical use. Thus, if the corporate personality is resorted to for improper purposes, courts will not hesitate to set it aside and examine the actual facts behind legal fiction. Cases of criminal activities, public order and equity will justify such an approach.
The exercise by company directors of the rights entrusted to them by law is also subject to the doctrine. Directors who use their position for their self-aggrandizement are exposed to judicial reprimand : most of the classic duties imposed on corporate executives fall within the sphere of application of the doctrine.
Abuse of rights of a corporate nature thus offers an interesting application of the doctrine in the field of commercial law.
Le sens du mot « autrui » dans l'article 1053 du Code Civil et l'affaire « Régent Taxi »
Authors: Robinson Ann 
Published: July 2012

The case of Regent Taxi has given rise to considerable debate in the interpretation of the word « another» and whether it should be read restrictively or given a wide meaning.
In a thorough analysis of the majority and minority opinions of the Supreme Court decision, an attempt has been made to circumscribe the positions adopted. Thereafter, an analysis of subsequent cases has been carried out to establish whether the majority views expressed by the Supreme Court have settled the debate definitely of whether the question remains unresolved.
L'indexation des pensions alimentaires
Authors: Gervais Denise 
Published: July 2012

The rise in the cost of living has worsened the alimentary creditor's plight. Given the present economic context, the creditor's claim, which is supposed to provide him with the basic essentials, has fallen in value and no longer adequately serves its purpose.
This study draws up an inventory of possible solutions to remedy the situation, such as the indexing of alimony.
L'enquête publique et le pouvoir de condamnation pour outrage au tribunal
Authors: Crête Raymonde 
Published: July 2012

In the sphere of public inquiries, i.e. those which are limited to the exercice of the power of inquiry and recommendation to a higher instance, the Quebec legislator has enacted different provisions conferring upon the investigators the power to punish acts of contempt.
Such provisions were necessary because investigators, as opposed to judges of the superior courts and the courts of records, possess no inherent capacity to impose penalties for acts of contempt committed in or out of their presence.
To this end, the legislator has conferred upon investigators the power to condemn for contempt of court, by provisions which refer to the powers of the Superior Court in this matter. The investigators therefore may punish acts of contempt committed in their presence, such as witnesses' refusal to testify or produce documents. It is however more difficult to determine if the investigators are empowered to punish acts of contempt committed outside their presence, for usually inferior courts are not so empowered.
In this connection, the courts have also examined the nature of contempt, which can be either civil or criminal depending on the nature of the jurisdiction exercised and the offence committed.
With respect to public inquiries, it is equally interesting to ask oneself if the investigators can use contempt of court as a means of punishment. Relative to this question, we think that the investigators should sanction contempt only as a coercive means and not as punishment.
Upon conviction of contempt, it is important that the convicted parties have some recourse, since the decisions may have serious consequences such as a fine or imprisonment. In this regard, the courts agree to exercice their powers of control when commissioners exceed their jurisdiction. There is however no right to appeal the commissioner's decision.
Investigators may conceivably use such vast powers in an arbitrary and abusive manner. In a perspective of legislative reform, we would be of the opinion that it would be preferable to attribute such a power to a court of justice rather than to the investigators themselves.
Injonction interlocutoire - Mandamus - Immunité de la Couronne – Discrétion administrative - Paiement de subventions
Authors: Prujiner Alain 
Published: July 2012

The function of interlocutory injunctions is changing in Quebec procedural law. Its field of operation is extending and the case of Driscoll College v. Morin opens up new perspectives as regards four points : the use of mandamus, Crown immunity, administrative discretion and the power to order the payment of a sum of money. Yet it seems that new difficulties will rise before long, which may require a complete reassessment of the interlocutory injunction's role in Quebec law.
Le contrôle de la légalité : une compétence exclusive des cours supérieures
Authors: Duplé Nicole 
Published: July 2012

In the Farrah case, the Supreme Court of Canada declared unconstitutional a provision in Quebec Transport Act on the grounds that, when read with privative clauses also contained in the Act, it purported to vest in the Transport Tribunal jurisdiction analogous to the Superior Court's jurisdiction to review proceedings before inferior tribunals in the province. Five members of the Court held that, while a provincial Legislature may, by enacting privative clauses, preclude review by the Superior Court of decisions made by a tribunal within its jurisdiction, it cannot transfer the power to review such matters to a provincially-appointed tribunal, since review powers can only be exercised by courts listed in s. 96 of the BNA Act.
Les droits de superficie et l'imprécision du langage juridique
Authors: Goulet Jean 
Published: July 2012

This comment points out a confusion among both French and Canadian authors about the real nature of the right of superficies.
Under the single name of this jus in re, two institutions must be distinguished. One should more aptly be called "superficiary property" ; it bears on the upper portion of the land, excluding the soil but including a consecutive right of accession, within the meaning of art. 414 of the Civil Code.
The other institution subsumed under the same name is the "right of superficies" proper, conferring ownership of the buildings or improvements made on the land, but without implying any conveyance, from the owner of the land to the beneficiary of the right of superficies, of property in the soil. In that sense, the right of superficies stands in relation to the ownership of the land as a dismemberment of that ownership, which is incomplete since the right of accession under art. 414 belongs to another party.
Axiomatique constitutionnelle et pratique politique : un décalage troublant
Authors: Arbour J.-Maurice 
Published: July 2012

The object of this paper is to consider the place which theory occupies within the framework of our parliamentary system. In particular, the purpose of this essay is to analyse the gap which exists between legal theories and facts.
While a knowledge of the past is a prerequisite to interpreting the present and estimating the future, it will only be possible in this paper to give a brief review of basic historical data ; it is an essay in law, not in legal history.
Students of constitutional law have long been only students of the cases in relation to federalism. Constitutional issues that trouble the conduct of our parliamentary system are not those with which constitutional lawyers are familiar. Issues surrounding the separation of powers are critical for the safeguard of civil liberties. It is time to consider what problems have been encountered and what plans for the future could be accepted or proposed for a better working of our parliamentary gouvernment.
Souveraineté et fédéralisme
Authors: Rémillard Gil 
Published: July 2012

The notion of sovereignty is the most fundamental concept of public law. At the same time, it is one of the main difficulties federalism has to face. Where does sovereignty reside in a federal state ? While this question is not an easy one to answer, knowledge of the manner in which it has been answered in Canadian constitutional law is essential to an understanding of the present constitutional crisis.
The most appropriate definition of sovereignty is « jurisdiction to define jurisdictions ». This definition implies the concept of an ultimate authority and its application to a federal system is of great difficulty.
Two main theories confront each other. The first one develops the concept that sovereignty should be shared between the federal government and the federated states. The second sees sovereignty as belonging exclusively to the federal government, regional governments merely enjoying some form of autonomy.
This paper studies the implications of both theories in Canadian federalism.
Les réactions de la doctrine à la création du droit civil québécois par les juges : les débuts d'une affaire de famille
Authors: Jobin Pierre-Gabriel 
Published: July 2012

The middle of the twentieth century marked a turning point in the history of scholarly writings on the civil law in Québec. The emergence of a full-time teaching body in the law faculties entailed consequences of primary importance: publications gained not only in quantity, but also in quality and diversity and, in particular, the reactions of legal writers to judge-made law became frequent and substantial.
The relations between legal writers and judges illustrate, here as elsewhere, the particular situation of the Québec legal system at the crossroads of civil law and common law. For instance, due to the British-inspired method of appointing judges and some local traditions, judges are personally known to many professors. Furthermore, decisions of the courts, most of the time, are written in a learned style, the merits of the legal issues being discussed and doctrinal opinions being quoted with approval or criticism.
These relations between the writers and the judiciary may explain the great interest of legal writers in judge-made law and their perhaps insufficient sense of critical responsibility vis-à-vis that law. Legal writers and judges have the great advantage of speaking the same language and of maintaining a dialogue — an advantage which benefits law itself and the whole community.
Le juge interne canadien et le droit international
Authors: Rigaldies Francis , Woehrling José 
Published: July 2012

Given the almost total lack of constitutional or statutory provisions for the formulation and application of international law, Canadian courts have been invested with the basic responsibility for devising solutions to the problems that have arisen in this field. This paper examines how successful the courts have been as well as the way in which legal literature has reacted to their performance.
It is the view of the authors that in dealing with international customary law, Canadian courts have applied solutions adapted from the law of Great Britain in a purely empirical way. While the absence of any theoretical framework has not been a crucial impediment until now, it is difficult to see how future problems can be resolved without any reference to basic principles. With respect to the interpretation and application of treaties, the transposition of principles derived from British practice to a federal context has been the source of notorious constitutional difficulties.
Generally speaking, because of the traditional reverence accorded to the will of Parliamant, Canadian courts have been reluctant to recognize any measure of supremacy to international law.
La connaissance judiciaire des actes réglementaires
Authors: Barbe Raoul P. 
Published: July 2012

This paper describes the state of federal and Québec law as regards judicial notice of statutory instruments.
The position in respect of federal instruments is first surveyed by reference to the provisions of the Canada Evidence Act and Canadian and British cases on the subject ; mention is then made of the now superseded Regulations Act of 1950 and the questions of interpretation that arose from it; and finally the impact of s. 23 of the Statutory Instruments Act of 1971 is evaluated in the light of the Supreme Court ruling in R. v. The « Evgenia Chandris ».
The position in Québec law appears to be somewhat more confused. While the rule that regulations should be a matter for judicial notice seems well secured by s. 105 of the Summary Proceedings Act, this obviously only settles the point as regards penal proceedings under provincial statutes. In civil litigation, in the absence of any clear statement that regulations are to be judicially noticed, caution would seem to advise litigants to specifically plead and evidence the existence of regulations they intend to rely on.
The author concludes by calling on the Québec Legislature to state explicitly the rule that regulations are a matter for judicial notice in any kind of proceedings.
La prévention juridique
Authors: Roussin Claude 
Published: July 2012

In recent years, the practice of law has come under renewed criticism as to the objectives it pursues. Out of this debate grew the concept of preventive law. This paper seeks to explain the meaning of preventive law and demonstrate its relevance for the legal system of Québec, by outlining its main features, its peculiar methods and a strategy for its implementation.
Preventive law can be most clearly distinguished from the traditional practice of law by a shift in priorities away from litigation to the maximization of certainty as to one's rights and duties. This new approach involves reform-mindedness, sensitivity to the citizen's needs and an offensive rather than defensive outlook.
The typical preventive-law method is the annual check-up of the citizen's « legal health ». This requires the devising of checklists through which the safety of legal transactions may be ascertained. Other preventive-law methods include standard contract forms and legal self-aid kits.
The implementation of a preventive-law approach should involve three centres of responsibility. The lawyer's office would of course remain the major stage on which the practice of law is carried out. But the focal point for initiating and developing preventive-law methods must be located elsewhere. In the Quebec context, the Société québécoise d'information juridique, being already active in the field of legal information, seems naturally suited to the task. In the short term, however, law schools must provide the initial impetus towards a policy of legal prevention.
La pêche dans le droit romain
Authors: Hallé Michel 
Published: July 2012

Looking back to the Roman era, one can see that the regulation of fisheries already formed a coherent whole which is still interesting to analyse today.
The oceans, seas and their shores are res communes, meaning that no one can own these things, or that everyone can make use of these things freely as long as this does not interfere with someone else's right. By contrast, rivers and their banks as well as harbours are classified res publicae, i.e. State property, but assigned to common use. Some fishing places were the exclusive property of the Roman State (res in patrimonio populi) and liable to be leased.
Fishing was a legally well defined activity, under strict control by the State: later generations have drawn inspiration from Roman rules in this field.