bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enkephalin affects ion transport via the enteric nervous system in guinea‐pig ileum
Authors: SCHULZKE J. D. , FROMM M. , RIECKEN E. O. , REUTTER W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe endogenous opioid enkephalin drives ion transport towards absorption. To determine the site and mechanism of this effect, fractionated stripping of guinea‐pig ileum was carried out. The muscularis propria, including myenteric plexus, was removed by partial stripping. The submucosa, including the submucosal plexus, plus the muscularis mucosae were removed by total stripping. For binding studies, epithelial cells were removed by the method of Weiser leaving the lamina propria mucosae with the mucosal plexus.Radio‐receptor‐assay with (3H)2‐D‐ala‐5‐D‐leuen‐kephalin revealed enkephalin binding sites in the submucosa plus muscularis mucosae (KD = 3·6 nmol 1−1; Vmax = 7·3 fmol mg−1) and in the lamina propria mucosae (KD = 4·2 nmol 1−1; Vmax = 5·1 fmol mg−1. The binding was stereospecific in both layers. No binding was detected on epithelial cells.In the Ussing chamber, partially stripped ileum exhibited spontaneous ISC which was abolished by addition of tetrodotoxin (TTX) or by total stripping indicating that this ISC was neuronally stimulated by the submucosal plexus. Electrogenic chloride secretion was identified as contributing to this ISC, since the TTX‐sensitive part of ISC in the partially stripped ileum was lacking in Cl‐ and HCO3‐free medium, reappeared after addition of Cl consistent with Michaelis‐Menten kinetics (Km = 19 nmol 1−1) and was reversed by serosal addition of bumetanide. In addition, enkephalin increased electroneutral NaCl‐absorption as obtained by Na‐ and Cl‐flux measurements. Enkephalin decreased this spontaneous neuronally stimulated electrogenic Cl‐secretion in the partially stripped ileum, but had no effect in totally stripped ileum if ISC was stimulated at the cellular level by theophylline or PGE1‐.We conclude that ganglia located in the submucosal plexus regulate intestinal ion transport. Enkephalin acts by presynaptic inhibition via receptors on these neurons in the submucosa and/or via receptors on their neurites in the lamina propria mucosae.
The effect of oral glucose, protein, fat and water loading on blood pressure and the gastrointestinal peptides VIP and somatostatin in hypertensive elderly subjects
Authors: JANSEN R. W. M. M. , PEETERS T. L. , VAN LIER H. J. J. , HOEFNAGELS W. H. L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn elderly subjects blood pressure (BP) may fall after a meal. It can be reproduced by oral glucose, but the effect of fat and protein ingestion on postprandial BP has not been reported. Furthermore, we hypothesized that vasoactive gastrointestinal peptides are involved in this phenomenon. We studied 10 hypertensive elderly subjects (mean age 74 ± 3 years) for the effects of oral glucose, fat, protein and water loading on BP in relation to plasma concentrations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin and insulin. Glucose loading resulted in a decrease of mean arterial pressure by 14 ± 2 mmHg (P ≤ 0·001). In contrast, the ingestion of fat, protein or water had no significant effect on BP. Somatostatin increased after fat and protein loading, whereas VIP increased only after fat loading. These data indicate that postprandial BP reduction in the elderly is related to glucose‐related factors. The gut peptide VIP does not seem to play a role in this phenomenon.
Renal haemodynamic changes in response to moderate hyperglycaemia in type 1 (insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus
Authors: DULLAART R. P. F. , MEIJER S. , SLUITER W. J. , DOORENBOS H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe prevailing blood‐glucose level has been found to influence renal haemodynamics in type 1 (insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus. In a group of 48 type 1 diabetic patients with normal serum creatinine (< 120 μmol 1−1) and without persistent proteinuria, no relationship was present between blood glucose, corrected to near normoglycaemia (6·8 [6·2 to 7·3] mmol 1−1 (median [95% confidence interval]), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) determined with 125I‐iothalamate and 131I‐hippuran respectively. GFR tended to increase (2 [‐1 to +4] ml min−1 1·73 m−2, 0·05 < P < 0·10) and ERPF did not change after a blood glucose rise of 7·9 (7·0 to 8·9) mmol 1−1, achieved by an intravenous glucose load in 31 patients. The individual changes in GFR and ERPF were correlated (r = 0·60, P < 0·005). The changes in GFR were inversely related to baseline blood glucose (r = −0·45, P < 0·02), but not to baseline GFR. GFR increased (3·5 [0 to +12] ml min−1 1·73 m−2, P < 0·01) if baseline blood glucose was ·6·8 mmol 1−1 (n = 16) but ERPF did not. Achievement of near normoglycaemia before measurement of kidney function in type 1 diabetes appears to reduce the influence of variation in glycaemia on renal haemodynamics and thus would improve comparison between and within individuals. Moderate hyperglycaemia can cause a small rise in the glomerular filtration rate.
Skin microcirculation and regional peripheral resistance in patients with chronic renal anaemia treated with recombinant human erythropoietin
Authors: CREUTZIG A. , CASPARY L. , NONNAST‐DANIEL B. , BAHLMANN J. , KÜHN K. , BRUNKHORST R. , REIMERS E. , KOCH K. M. , ALEXANDER K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSkin microcirculation and regional peripheral resistance were studied in 14 patients with renal anaemia during therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin. Haematocrit was raised from 20·0 to 31·3% after 10–12 weeks of treatment and remained stable over another period of 12 weeks. Antihypertensive treatment had to be intensified in five patients. Regional calf blood flow decreased significantly; accordingly, calculated peripheral vascular resistance was increased by more than 100%. However, transcutaneous oxygen pressure (37°C and 44°C) increased significantly. The pathological vasoconstrictor response of skin capillaries was not influenced. There were no significant differences of any parameter between the patients requiring reinforced antihypertensive therapy and those with stable blood pressure. In conclusion skin oxygenation may be improved by erythropoietin treatment to a large extent despite an increase in calculated total limb vascular resistance.
Matrix metalloprotease‐3 expression in the medial plica and pannus‐like tissue in knees from patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Hwai‐Shi , Kuo Pei‐Yin , Yang Chih‐Chang , Lyu Shaw‐Ruey 
Published: March 2011

Wang H‐S, Kuo P‐Y, Yang C‐C & Lyu S‐R (2011) Histopathology 58, 593–600 Matrix metalloprotease‐3 expression in the medial plica and pannus‐like tissue in knees from patients with medial compartment osteoarthritisAims:  The severity of cartilage degeneration is positively correlated with the severity of the pathologic change of medial plica. However, knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms and the impact of plica on cartilage destruction is limited. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate matrix metalloprotease‐3 (MMP‐3) expression in the plica isolated from patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee.Methods and results:  Immunohistochemistry showed that MMP‐3 was highly expressed in pannus‐like tissue and the plica. Western blotting of culture supernatants showed that interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) treatment induced MMP‐3 release by cells isolated from pannus tissue or the plica. Furthermore, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that MMP‐3 mRNA levels were increased after IL‐1β treatment of the cultured cells. MMP‐3 and IL‐1β mRNAs were expressed in the plica and pannus‐like tissue, with MMP‐3 mRNA being expressed at significantly higher levels in the plica than in normal synovial membrane and highly expressed in the plica at different stages in osteoarthritis (OA) patients.Conclusion:  Pannus‐like tissue and the plica express IL‐1β and MMP‐3. Moreover, MMP‐3 mRNA and protein expression in the plica may contribute to the pathogenesis of OA.
A confirmatory factor analysis of the Clinical Nursing Practice Environment Scale with hospital registered nurses in Taiwan
Authors: Pai Hsiang‐Chu , Lee Sheuan , Chang Ting 
Published: March 2011

Aims and objectives.  The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the Clinical Nursing Practice Environment Scale in Taiwan.Background.  Many nurses are faced with an unsatisfying clinical nursing work environment in Taiwan. Thus, there is a need for an evaluation instrument that can lead to improvement in the clinical nursing practice workplace strategy index.Design.  This is a cross‐sectional study.Methods.  A total of 687 nurses completed the Clinical Nursing Practice Environment Scale. Based on a randomised split of the data, two groups were formed. For the group 1 (n = 344) data, exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the instrument. A second‐order confirmatory factor analysis was then used to test the framework of the group 2 (n = 343) data, based on structural equation modelling.Results.  The exploratory factor analysis of 29 items yielded a five‐factor structure. The five factors explained 62·87% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the five Clinical Nursing Practice Environment Scale subscales ranged from 0·80–0·93. A second‐order confirmatory factor analysis identified a second‐order factor termed ‘clinical nursing practice environment.’Conclusions.  The Clinical Nursing Practice Environment Scale model was judged to fit the data adequately.Relevance to clinical practice.  The Clinical Nursing Practice Environment Scale model provides the hospital manager with information that can be used to evaluate the organisational situation and to develop an intervention to improve the workplace environment in Taiwan.
The relationship between self‐care agency, disability levels and factors regarding these situations among patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ovayolu Ozlem Ucan , Ovayolu Nimet , Karadag Gülendam 
Published: March 2011

Aims and objectives.  To assess the relationship between self‐care agency scores, disability levels and factors regarding these situations among Turkish patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Background.  Rheumatoid arthritis is characterised by severe to slight synovial joint inflammation that can lead to pain, stiffness and joint destruction with subsequent physical deformities, disabilities and reduced self‐care. Self‐care is an important component of comprehensive chronic disease management such as rheumatoid arthritis. If patients have high levels of self‐care and adhere to rheumatoid arthritis treatment, it can be expected that they will have fewer symptoms and better functional capabilities.Design.  A cross‐sectional, design was used.Method.  This study was conducted with 467 rheumatoid arthritis patients who applied at the Rheumatology Outpatient Department of Gaziantep University between September 2008–February 2009. The data collection instruments used in this study were the Demographic Data Form, Health Assessment Questionnaire (including disability index and pain scale) and Self‐as‐Carer Inventory. The frequency, mean, Student’s t‐test, one‐way anova, Kruskal–Wallis, chi‐square, correlation and regression analysis were used; p < 0·05 was accepted as statistically significant.Results.  For patients the self‐care agency classification of 13·7% and 86·3% were ‘moderate’ and ‘poor’, respectively; while the disability levels of 12·2 51·2 and 36·6% were ‘mild’, ‘moderate’ and ‘severe’, respectively; and their pain average was ‘moderate’. It was also determined that, as the patients’ self‐agency scores declined, their disability levels deteriorated even further and their pain levels increased even more.Conclusions.  In conclusion we found that in Turkish patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, the higher disability and pain rate were, the lower self‐care agency score was.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses should strive to provide individuals with RA the knowledge, skills and resources necessary for active participation in self‐care, as this might promote the capacity for self‐care.
Some Properties and Applications of Cell Lines and Clones Established from tet‐Responsive‐SV40 Tag Mice and mES Cell Lines
Authors: Chen U. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this article, 11 cell lines established from transgenic mice and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) expressing SV40Tag under control of tetracycline/doxycycline (tet‐off, tet‐on) are described. Several cell lines were further transfected with a plasmid vector containing genes coding for a cytokine/protein under tet‐regulation to obtain tet‐co‐regulated expression of cytokine/protein. A total of 29 clones and 234 subclones have been established so far. Partial characterization of these tet‐responsive cell lines, clones and subclones was performed. Questions related to the rare frequency of establishing permanent cycling cell lines from this source, the unusual expression pattern of SV40Tag protein in the subcellular compartment and the phenotype of ‘stemness’ of several such cell lines are raised. Some future applications of these cells, related to immunology and transplantation, are discussed.
Offering antenatal sickle cell and thalassaemia screening to pregnant women in primary care: a qualitative study of women’s experiences and expectations of participation
Authors: Tsianakas Vicki , Atkin Karl , Calnan Michael W. , Dormandy Elizabeth , Marteau Theresa M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective To describe the acceptability to women of being offered antenatal Sickle cell and Thalassaemia (SC&T) screening in primary and secondary care at the visit to confirm pregnancy; and to explore the implications of their views for participating in decisions about their health care.Methods  Qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with twenty‐one ethnically diverse women registered at twenty‐five general practices in two English inner‐city Primary Care Trusts. The material was analysed thematically, using the method of constant comparison.Results  Women generally welcomed the opportunity of early diagnosis, although they expected screening to confirm they were carrying a healthy child. Women felt general practitioners did not present antenatal screening as a choice, but they did not necessarily see this as a problem. Doctors were believed to be acting out of concern for the women’s well being.Conclusions  Women were generally positive about being offered screening in primary care at the first visit to confirm pregnancy. To this extent it was acceptable to them, although this was largely informed by assumptions associated with being a ‘good mother’ rather than a straightforward enactment of informed choice, assumed by health‐care policy. This represents the context in which women participate in decisions about their health care.
Advances in Recombinant Gonadotropin Production for Use in Bovine Superovulation
Authors: Hesser MW , Morris JC , Gibbons JR 
Published: March 2011

ContentsBovine ovarian hyperstimulation is a process that currently relies on pituitary‐derived follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to facilitate the maturation of multiple follicles to achieve dominance and eventual ovulation. The prevalence of this process, also called superovulation, has more than doubled in the past 10 years, but the efficiency of recovered transferable embryos has remained low at ∼6 per collection. The use of pituitary‐derived products presents other problems including contamination from other hormones, inconsistencies within and among batches, and the possibility of the spread of disease‐transmitting agents. Recombinant gonadotropins have been engineered to yield varieties of FSH and luteinizing hormone from a myriad of heterologous hosts with the resulting products demonstrating various levels of biological activity. Research has also been devoted to alternative delivery methods to reduce the frequency of injections required in current superovulatory protocols. Together, recombinant gonadotropins and alternative delivery approaches potentially provide an economical alternative to the use of pituitary‐derived products.
Vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic and nondiabetic canine cataract patients
Authors: Abrams Kenneth L. , Stabila Paul F. , Kauper Konrad , Elliott Susan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective  To measure vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in aqueous humor, serum, and plasma in diabetic and nondiabetic cataractous dogs.Methods  Canine VEGF was assayed in the plasma and serum of 32 dogs (20 diabetics; 12 nondiabetics) and aqueous humor in 57 eyes of those dogs (39 diabetic; 18 nondiabetic) undergoing phacoemulsification, using a commercial canine VEGF assay. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s PLSD, t‐test, and regression analysis to compare values by diabetic status, duration of diabetes, age, weight, gender, left vs. right eye, and blood clarity.Results  Plasma, but not serum or aqueous humor VEGF values of diabetics were significantly greater than nondiabetics (P = 0.019). Older nondiabetics (10–15 years) had higher plasma VEGF values than younger (0–5 and 5–10 years) dogs (P = 0.0002 and 0.0001, respectively). There was no significant difference in aqueous humor VEGF between left and right eyes in all patients. Serum and plasma, but not aqueous humor, VEGF values in females were significantly higher than males in both groups.Conclusion  Similar to human diabetic patients, VEGF aqueous humor values in all dogs are significantly higher than blood values. Aqueous humor VEGF values in human diabetics are elevated and correlate with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. However, aqueous humor values of VEGF in diabetic dogs are not greater than nondiabetics and may serve to protect the dog against development of diabetic retinopathy.
Primary central corneal hemangiosarcoma in a dog
Authors: Haeussler Jr. David J. , Rodríguez Laura Muñoz , Wilkie David A. , Premanandan Chris 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose To report a case of primary central corneal hemangiosarcoma in the dog.Methods An 11‐year‐old, neutered, female, German shepherd mixed breed dog was referred to the Hospital Veterinario Sierra de Madrid (Spain) for evaluation of an enlarging corneal mass of the left eye (OS). The dog was predominantly housed outdoors and was diagnosed with a history of chronic superficial keratitis of both eyes (OU) by the referring veterinarian. The corneal mass was resected by routine superficial keratectomy and submitted for histopathology and Factor VIII immunohistochemical staining.Results The mass was diagnosed as a corneal hemangiosarcoma with complete excision. Postoperatively, the keratectomy site healed without complication and there was no evidence of recurrence three and a half months postoperatively. Complete systemic evaluation, including abdominal ultrasound and CT scan of the head and thorax, indicated no other detectable neoplasia in the dog.Discussion Outdoor housing and ultraviolet exposure, breed, and chronic superficial keratitis were all suspected as contributing factors to the development of a primary corneal hemangiosarcoma. Surgical removal and postoperative treatment for chronic superficial keratitis provided effective therapy.
Tissue distribution of dexamethasone in feline ocular structures following single topical application of dexamethasone as an ointment or suspension
Authors: Bessonova Julia , Meyer‐Lindenberg Andrea , Bäumer Wolfgang , Kietzmann Manfred 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective  To compare the dexamethasone concentration in various structures of the feline eye following a single topical application of dexamethasone as an ophthalmic ointment or suspension.Animals studied  Nineteen cats, euthanized due to reasons not related to this study, were selected and their ocular health status evaluated. Selected animals were treated with dexamethasone ointment or suspension.Procedure  The concentration of dexamethasone was determined in the following structures of the eye: third eyelid, cornea, aqueous humor, iris, lens, vitreous body, and choroid/retina. The dexamethasone concentration in the eye was measured by radioimmunoassay. The applied amount of dexamethasone was 0.05 mg in 0.05 mL Isopto Dex® ophthalmic suspension and 0.05 mL Isopto Dex® ophthalmic ointment, respectively. Cats were treated once with ointment or suspension and were euthanized 3 h or 6 h after treatment.Results  At 3 h after topical administration the highest concentrations of dexamethasone were measured in the anterior structures of the eye. The concentrations after application of ointment and suspension were comparable. However, 6 h after administration, the concentrations decreased after administration of suspension and increased further after administration of the ointment, leading to significantly higher concentrations of dexamethasone in the third eyelid, cornea and choroid/retina after treatment with ointment.Conclusion  Therapeutically relevant concentrations of dexamethasone after a single topical administration were only achieved in the anterior structures of the eye. Six hours after application there was a substantially higher amount of dexamethasone in the anterior structures of cat eyes treated with ophthalmic ointment compared to ophthalmic suspension.
Epidemiology of canine glaucoma presented to University of Zurich from 1995 to 2009. Part 2: secondary glaucoma (217 cases)
Authors: Strom Ann Refstrup , Hässig Michael , Iburg Tine M. , Spiess Bernhard M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective To investigate the epidemiology of canine secondary glaucomas in the cases presented to the University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty (UZH) from 1995 to 2009 focusing on possible risk factors for developing secondary glaucoma in this population of dogs.Methods Information was obtained from the computer database of patients examined by members of the UZH Ophthalmology Service, between January 1995 and August 2009. Secondary glaucoma was diagnosed based on the presence of antecedent eye conditions. The data was evaluated for breed, gender, age at presentation, and for antecedent eye conditions known to cause glaucoma including anterior uveitis of unknown cause (AU), lens luxation (LL), intraocular surgery (SX), intraocular neoplasia (IN), unspecified trauma to the globe (T), ocular melanosis (OM), hypermature cataract (PY), hyphema (HY), and six other less frequent conditions.Results A total of 217 dogs were diagnosed with secondary glaucoma from 1995 to 2009. The age of the dogs with secondary glaucoma ranged between 88 days and 19 years (mean 7.7 ± 3.6 years). Data suggested a predisposition for secondary glaucoma in the Cairn Terrier and the Jack Russell Terrier breeds from 2004 to 2009. Common causes of secondary glaucoma from 1995 to 2009 were AU (23.0%), LL (22.6%), SX (13.4%), IN (10.6%), T (8.3%), OM and PY (both 6.9%) and HY (3.23%).Conclusion The report presents the epidemiology of secondary glaucomas presented to UZH from 1995 to 2009. Fourteen risk factors were recorded for secondary glaucoma. This is the first paper documenting OM in the Swiss Cairn Terrier dog population.