bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Furosemide on Experimental Traumatic Cerebral Edema
Authors: Tornheim Patricia A. , McLaurin Robert L. , Sawaya Raymond 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The present study was designed to test the effectiveness of furosemide in reducing cerebral edema due to closed head trauma. A Remington Humane Stunner was used to deliver blows to the heads of anesthetized cats. Impacted animals were divided into three groups: (a) trauma, no drug, and ad lib. fluid intake after head injury; (b) trauma, no drug, and standardized fluid intake (0.9% NaCl; 10 ml/Ib/day); and (c) trauma, furosemide (3 mg/lb/day), and standardized fluid intake. For the treated cats, we began furosemide therapy 1 hour after head injury and used three intramuscular injections/day. The animals were killed 48 hours after head trauma. From animals with unilateral contusion, we took bilateral white matter samples from five points along the centrum semiovale and tested for edema using density determinations with an organic density gradient. Serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, and weight were determined before the cats were impacted and before they were killed. All impacted animals demonstrated weight loss. Density data showed a normal water content for white matter in the uncontused hemispheres of all impacted cats. Contused hemispheres showed a significant decrease in density (increase in brain water content) for both treated and untreated cats. In the furosemidetreated animals, however, the brain edema was significantly less than that found in the untreated groups. Analysis of data from individual brain sections of furosemide-treated animals suggested a reduction in the spread of edema fluid 48 hours after head injury.
Chronic Extradural Hematoma
Authors: Burres Kenneth P. , Hamilton Richard D. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A recent experience with a chronic extradural hematoma found unexpectedly during an evaluation for an enlarged sella turcica is reported. This case, as well as pertinent literature, demonstrates the variability of the classical signs in the chronic lesion. Our experience suggests that the diagnosis of patients with persistent symptoms after head injury may be clarified by computerized tomographic scanning, which in the present case revealed chronic extradural hematoma.
Traumatically Induced Brain Stem Hemorrhage and the Computerized Tomographic Scan
Authors: Cooper Paul R. , Maravilla Kenneth , Kirkpatrick Joel , Moody Sarah F. , Sklar Frederick H. , Diehl Jan , Clark Kemp W. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The computerized tomographic (CT) scan has revolutionized the management of cerebral trauma. Nevertheless, visualization of traumatically induced lesions of the brain stem by the CT scanner remains difficult. Seven patients with autopsy or CT evidence of brain stem hemorrhage were identified over a 1-year period. In six of these patients, brain stem hemorrhage could be defined by CT scan. As part of a prospective study of CT changes after head injury, we performed serial CT scans on six of the seven patients. Clinical experience shows that timing is important for identification of these lesions and that inability to visualize brain stem hematomas may occur because of the development of hematomas after CT scanning, evolution of hemorrhagic lesions that makes them isodense with the surrounding brain stem, patient movement, and technical factors such as the partial volume effect. Experimental injection of fresh blood into the pons and midbrain of cadavers shows that lesions as small as 0.1 ml in volume may be visualized by ex vivo thin section CT scanning techniques. However, the character and anatomical configuration of the hemorrhage may be as important in determining CT visualization as is the volume of the hemorrhage. For example, a hematoma displacing the brain parenchyma was visualized, but a similar-sized small hemorrhage that had diffused through the brain stem tissues was not. Although many of the experimentally placed lesions extended over a rostral-caudal length of 15 mm or more in the brain stem, no lesion was seen on more than three thin section scans. This is explained by the presence of lesions that, although extensive in a rostral-caudal direction, had relatively small cross sectional areas available for identification by the CT scanner. The small size of traumatic lesions of the brain stem and their proximity to bony structures at the base of the skull are not insurmountable obstacles to visualization of brain stem hemorrhages. Serial scanning and the application of thin section computed tomography will lead to identification of most of these lesions.
Total Morbidity and Mortality Rates of Patients with Surgically Treated Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Giannotta Steven L. , Kindt Glenn W. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The authors report their recent experience in treating 80 patients with intracranial aneurysms. A total of 83 surgical procedures were performed with a surgical mortality of 4.8%. Fifty-six patients had suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Total mortality for this group was 14.2% regardless of clinical grade. Early surgical intervention, meticulous preoperative monitoring, and control of circulatory dynamics were used to improve the perioperative morbidity and mortality rates. We believe that any major improvements in the outcome of patients with aneurysms will come from advances in perioperative management.
Personality Factors and Results of Lumbar Disc Surgery
Authors: Cashion Ernest L. , Lynch William J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Patients undergoing surgery for herniated lumbar discs were evaluated prospectively with a battery of psychological tests. Personality factors in patients having a good outcome were compared to those in patients having a bad outcome. Both groups had similar surgical findings. Patients with a good outcome were more stable, cautious, efficiently defensive, selfconfident, realistically concerned with their illness, mildly depressed, generally optimistic regarding outcome, and able to withstand setbacks without resorting to emergency reactions. Patients with a bad outcome were less stable, were unpredictable, had inefficient defenses, were more obviously depressed, and were less able to withstand stress and breakdown. However, even the degree of psychological testing used in this study does not definitely predict outcome.
Effects of Glycine Administration on Canine Experimental Spinal Spasticity and the Levels of Glycine, Glutamate, and Aspartate in the Lumbar Spinal Cord
Authors: Smith J. E. , Hall P. V. , Galvin M. R. , Jones A. R. , Campbell R. L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Twelve female mongrel dogs were made paraplegic by midthoracic spinal cord transection. Beginning at 9 weeks posttransection, either glycine (50 mg/kg) or saline was injected intramuscularly each day and the signs of spinal spasticity were assessed clinically. After treating the dogs for 3 weeks, we removed the lumbar enlargement of each dog and microdissected it into gray and white areas which we assayed for glycine, glutamate, and aspartate content. Some of the clinical signs of spasticity improved in the animals injected with glycine compared to the saline-injected controls. The content of glycine was significantly elevated in the central gray matter and ventral medial white matter of the glycinetreated dogs. The levels of glutamate were also significantly elevated in the central, lateral ventral, and medial ventral gray matter and in the dorsal lateral and ventral medial white matter of the glycine-treated dogs. The possible role of these segmental putative neurotransmitters in spinal spasticity is discussed.
Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Spinal Ligament in Association with Anterior Longitudinal Ligament Ankylosing Hyperostosis
Authors: Rappaport Z. H. , Rovit Richard 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of ossification of the posterior spinal longitudinal ligament in association with anterior ankylosing hyperostosis is presented, with a review of the relevant literature. Improvement followed laminectomy. Evaluation of this entity by computerized tomography is demonstrated.
Calvarial Hemangioendothelioma with Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Maroon Joseph C. , Haines Stephen J. , Phillips John G. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of a hemangioendothelioma of the occipital bone that presented clinically as an acute epidural hematoma is reported. The literature regarding this rare bone tumor is reviewed. The treatment of choice seems to be wide surgical excision, but life-threatening hemorrhage may occur due to extreme tumor vascularity. The role of radiotherapy remains uncertain.
Chondroma of the Spine in a Newborn Infant
Authors: Waga Shiro , Tochio Hiroshi , Sakakura Makoto 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We report a newborn infant with a chondroma of the spine covered by a large lipoma. The child had no neurological deficit. Presenting as a tumor of the back, the chondroma was successfully excised. A review of the pertinent literature emphasizes the rarity of this lesion.
Radiological Assessment of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions
Authors: Cusick Joseph F. , Haughton Victor M. , Williams Alan L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Gas myelography performed in the modified two-step technique has proven to be effective in defining the character and extent of intramedullary spinal cord lesions. A classification of four types of spinal cord abnormalities based primarily on the hydrodynamic changes induced during gas myelography assists in determining the need for specific neuroradiological and surgical procedures. The comparative value of other myelographic and pneumoencephalographic techniques is discussed.
Hypovolemia in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Maroon Joseph C. , Nelson Paul B. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Red blood cell mass and total blood volume were significantly decreased in 15 nonselected patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Possible causes of the contracted blood volume include bedrest, supine diuresis, pooling in the peripheral vascular beds, negative nitrogen balance, decreased erythropoiesis, and iatrogenic blood loss. The data support the use of intravascular volume expansion with red blood cells and colloid in the prevention and treatment of ischemic complications associated with ruptured intracranial aneurysms.
Toxic Substances in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Stein Sherman C. , Cracco Roger Q. , Farmer Peter , Kiest Curtis A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Several investigators have implicated norepinephrine and other toxic substances released in the region of a spinal cord injury in the genesis of the progressive pathological and clinical changes that follow spinal trauma. To test this hypothesis. we subjected cats to T-10 to T-12 laminectomy and monitored epidural spinal evoked potentials from sciatic nerve stimulation. The spinal subarachnoid space was perfused with normal saline, with norepinephrine solution, or with heparinized autologous blood or the pial surface of the spinal cord was exposed to macerated gray matter taken from the upper cervical cord. During 1- to 2-hour exposure periods, we noted no significant changes in the base line spinal evoked potentials. In another series of cats, we have shown that norepinephrine perfused over the spinal cord in this manner diffuses rapidly into the subpial white matter. Therefore, its failure to affect spinal evoked potentials does not represent a failure to penetrate the spinal cord. Putative toxins must originate either in extravasated blood or damaged neural tissue in the region of the spinal cord injury. The failure of ascending spinal tracts to react to blood or cord tissue in our experiment suggests that toxins are not involved in the spinal cord dysfunction that occurs soon after injury.
Prognosis of Patients with Severe Head Injury
Authors: Jennett B. , Teasdale G. , Braakman R. , Minderhoud J. , Heiden J. , Kurze T. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The relationship between clinical features of brain dysfunction in the first week after severe head injury and outcome 6 months later has been analyzed for 1000 patients. Depth of coma, pupil reaction, eye movements, and motor response pattern, and patient age prove to be the most reliable predictors. The degree of brain dysfunction changes markedly soon after injury, and more reliable predictions of outcome result when assessment is based on the best level of functioning recorded in each early epoch. Predictions based on very early assessment are, therefore, often unduly pessimistic. Individual predictions of outcome, based on a large data bank, provide a powerful tool for assessing the relative efficacy of alternative treatments.
Primary Wire Mesh Cranioplasty in Flap Infections
Authors: Koslow Maxim , Ransohoff Joseph 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Primary wire mesh cranioplasty was performed in five patients at the time of removal of an infected frontal or frontotemporal bone flap or cranioplasty plate. No recurrent infections have occurred, with follow-up extending to 46 months. The pre- and postoperative management and rationale for this procedure are discussed in light of available data regarding bacterial interactions with alloplastic materials.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers in Central Nervous System Metastases from Testicular Carcinoma
Authors: Sundaresan Narayan , Vugrin Davor , Nisselbaum Jerome , Galicich Joseph H. , Cvitkovic Esteban , Schwartz Morton K. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Serum values of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) have been used to monitor disseminated testicular carcinoma. Serial measurements of these markers have been used to monitor the response to therapy, to follow the progress of disease, and to detect subclinical recurrences. With increasingly effective chemotherapy for systemic disease, central nervous system (CNS) metastases in testicular carcinoma are becoming increasingly important as a cause of treatment failure. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) values of AFP and HCG seem to be important ancillary aids in the neurosurgical management of CNS metastases from testicular cancer. Our preliminary experience with three cases suggests that these CSF markers (plus computerized tomographic scanning) should be evaluated in patients with this disease.
Ultrasonic B-Scan Echoarteriographic Imaging of Experimentally Induced Thrombi in Dogs
Authors: Sekhar Laligam N. , Wasserman Jack F. , van der Bel-Kahn Johanna , Olinger Charles P. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Ultrasonic echoarteriography is a noninvasive method of visualizing extracranial arteries in health and disease. The realtime echoscanning device developed at the University of Cincinnati utilizes a 5-MHz (center frequency) pulse-echo imaging system. B-mode pictures of the tissues studied are obtained and displayed on a video screen, real-time operation being provided by the scanning mechanism operating at 30 frames per second. In our experiments internal arterial damage produced by surgically scraping the intima induced experimental thrombosis in nine carotid and three femoral arteries in dogs. Where pathologically demonstrated, the thrombi were demonstrated by ultrasonic echoarteriography in every instance. Echoarteriography seemed more sensitive than contrast arteriography in the detection of a partially occlusive thrombus.
Resection of Multiple Nocardial Brain Abscesses
Authors: Rosenblum Mark L. , Rosegay Harold 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We present a case of multiple brain lesions in which the preoperative computerized tomographic (CT) scan suggested the presence of brain abscesses rather than metastatic tumors. The patient presented with symptoms of left frontal and right cerebellar mass lesions, confirmed by carotid and vertebral arteriography and a radionuclide brain scan. A CT scan revealed multiple contiguous ring-enhancing lesions of various sizes at both sites. With the exception of a prior mild pulmonary infection, no findings suggested underlying malignancy, immunosuppression, or medical illness. We based our decision to administer antibiotics preoperatively on the presumed presence of abscesses. We found and totally removed two multiloculated abscesses during one operation and initiated sulfa drug therapy (sulfisoxazole) immediately after identification of the Nocardia organism. The patient experienced no postoperative complications and at 6-months follow-up is clinically free of disease.
Extracranial-Intracranial Arterial Bypass to a Single Branch of the Middle Cerebral Artery in the Management of a Traumatic Aneurysm
Authors: Spetzler Robert F. , Owen Michael P. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This case required the clipping of a single branch of the middle cerebral artery for the treatment of a traumatic aneurysm. To ensure an adequate blood supply distal to the occlusion, we anastomosed the superficial temporal artery to that branch of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) distal to the aneurysm. Despite the low flow required to irrigate only one branch of the MCA, the anastomosis remained patent. This case demonstrates the feasibility of performing small vessel anastomoses in spite of low flow demand.
Computerized Tomographic Scan and Gunshot Wounds of the Head
Authors: Cooper Paul R. , Maravilla Kenneth , Cone Jeffrey 
Published: May 2010

abstract
The authors document their experience with the computerized tomographic (CT) scanner for evaluating gunshot wounds of the head. Only those patients who were considered to be operative candidates and who were neurologically stable were scanned. In the postoperative period, patients who were not scanned preoperatively and those whose condition did not improve were also scanned. In the preoperative period the CT scanner is useful for identifying and localizing missile tracks, bony and metallic fragments, intra- and extraparenchymal hematomas, intracranial air, and brain swelling. In the postoperative period the CT scanner may demonstrate retained bone fragments, edema, brain abscess, and intracranial air. The limitations of the CT scan in evaluating gunshot wounds include an inability to define vascular lesions such as traumatic aneurysms and post-traumatic spasm. Metallic scatter from missile fragments may render certain CT cuts uninterpretable. In addition, the CT scan may appear minimally abnormal in spite of immediate and irreversible injury caused by a shock wave transmitted to brain stem structures. The CT scanner has superceded angiography as a diagnostic tool for evaluating gunshot wounds of the head because it is noninvasive and rapid, allows visualization of the entire head, can resolve very small lesions that produce little or no mass effect, can help to determine the nature of intracranial lesions, and may quantitate the amount of hemorrhage and edema. Because it enables physicians to visualize intracranial structures in three dimensions, the CT scan may precisely define missile tracks and contiguous lesions in a manner not heretofore possible with other diagnostic modalities. Thus, it is invaluable for the rational planning of surgical therapy.
Ventricle to Sagittal Sinus Shunt for Hydrocephalus
Authors: Hash Cecil J. , Shenkin Henry A. , Crowder Leonard E. 
Published: May 2010

abstract
A technique of shunting the lateral ventricle to the superior sagittal sinus is described. It has been used in 36 adult patients; infection occurred in 2 patients (5.6%), and 2 patients required shunt revision (5.6%). The outcome of 18 patients with high pressure hydrocephalus could be validly evaluated, and successful control was achieved in 15 (83%). One of the 3 failures could have been avoided because shunting was undertaken before the ventricular fluid had cleared of blood. Four patients with normal or low pressure hydrocephalus were treated; only 1 had a successful result. This technique is suitable for patients with high pressure hydrocephalus and is of particular value in very ill or debilitated patients because of the rapidity with which it can be performed under local analgesia. Its use in normal or low pressure hydrocephalus must still be evaluated. In any event, the sagittal sinus is certainly a feasible alternate receptor site for ventricular shunting.
Results of Surgical Lysis of Lumbar Adhesive Arachnoiditis
Authors: Wilkinson Harold A. , Schuman Nancy 
Published: May 2010

abstract
From a series of 681 patients with lumbar disc disease treated between 1966 and 1978, 17 patients required surgical lysis of lumbar adhesive arachnoiditis, 8 having initially been operated upon by another surgeon. All patients had severe pain as a predominant feature, with pain being bilateral in 9 patients. Pain was the only major symptom in 3; the other 14 exhibited varying combinations of progressive neurological dysfunction. Three patients developed late symptoms after trauma, 8 to 21 years after back surgery. At operation, multisegmental arachnoiditis was found in 5 patients and anular or subtotal adhesions were found in 12. Complete lysis could not be obtained in 4 patients. Fourteen patients were treated with steroids at the time of operation. Follow-up after lysis was less than 1 year for 5 patients but averaged 4.8 years for the remaining 12. During the 1st year after operation, 76% experienced improvement in pain (35%, good to excellent), and 71% experienced improvement in neurological status. Follow-up after at least 1 year revealed 50% still enjoying pain relief (25%, good to excellent) and 45% experiencing neurological improvement. Pain relief persisted in 4 of 5 patients followed 5 years or more. The etiological role of myelography and lumbar disc surgery in arachnoiditis has probably been over-rated. Arachnoiditis may be symptomatic or asymptomatic and may mask other, treatable lumbar lesions. More frequent intradural exploration for discrepancies between operative and myelographic findings might reveal, and benefit, more cases of spontaneous arachnoiditis mimicking lumbar disc disease.
Combined Supratentorial and Infratentorial Exposure for Low-lying Basilar Aneurysms
Authors: Major David L. Kasdon , Stein Bennett M. 
Published: May 2010

abstract
Details of an operative approach for low-lying basilar aneurysms utilizing a combined supratentorial and infratentorial exposure with tentorial section are presented. This approach permitted the successful clipping of aneurysms of the caudal basilar artery in both of the cases presented. The advantages of this approach over the transclival, posterior fossa, and subtemporal approaches are discussed
Radiofrequency Coagulation of the Petrous Ganglion in Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia
Authors: Lazorthes Yves , Verdie Jean-Claude 
Published: May 2010

abstract
In this communication the authors describe a method for the surgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia by percutaneous radiofrequency coagulation of Andersch's petrous ganglion. The report is of the initial results in 12 cases, including 1 case of primary glossopharyngeal neuralgia. The usual indication for the procedure is intractable pain due to local neoplasia of the oral area. At the time of operation complementary radiofrequency coagulation of both the gasserian ganglion and the cervical radicular nerves can also be carried out.
Anatomical Study of a Posterior Cerebral Lesion Producing Dyslexia
Authors: Van Buren J. M. 
Published: May 2010

abstract
After an “occipital lobectomy” that resulted in a severe dyslexia and a moderate dysgraphia-dyscalculia, anatomical study showed damage to the posterior extremity of the angular gyrus and degeneration in the posteroinferior pulvinar. This is in contrast to an earlier case that had degeneration in the anterosuperior pulvinar associated with a small anterior temporoparietal infarct and a well-documented receptive-expressive aphasia. However, the role of the pulvinar in speech function remains uncertain. The surgeon should be aware of the short distance between the angular gyrus and both the midline and the occipital pole because a lesion here during an “occipital lobectomy” produces a distressing and durable speech impairment.