bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histoire, structure et dialectique
Authors: Lagadec Claude 
Published: June 2010

Le débat actuel sur la pensée structurale soulève diverses questions qui intéressent l'interprétation de la philosophie hégélienne, et particulièrement l'interprétation hégélienne de la psychanalyse.Lucien Sebag estime que l'histoire et la structure représentent deux types d'explications qui se distinguent nettement par leur méthode d'opération tout autant que par les résultats obtenus. On peut conceptualiser, nous dit-il, de deux façons: I) en considérant des conduites individuelles ou collectives dont le compte rendu forme alors un récit. Ce mode de pensée est de type causal.
Merleau-Ponty et la linguistique de Saussure
Authors: Lagueux Maurice 
Published: June 2010

La linguistique saussurienne paraît avoir exercé, spécialement au cours des années 1951 à 1954, une influence assez considérable sur la pensée de Merleau-Ponty. Un travail de portée plus générale nous ayant amené à mesurer l'importance de la chose pour Pensemble de l'œuvre de ce philosophe, nous allons seulement essayer ici de prećiser un peu le rôle d'une telle influence en nous appuyant sur une analyse de l'interprétation de Saussure par Merleau-Ponty.Dans la Phénoménologie de la Perception, celui-ci avait déjà consacré un chapitre à l'étude de la parole conçue comme gesticulation ou expression corporelle. Quand, en 1953–54, il abordera le Problème de la Parole, dans un cours au Collège de France, c'est à Saussure lui-même qu'il attribuera des vues assez voisines: “Le cours cherchait à illustrer et é étendre cette notion saussurienne de la parole comme fonction positive et conquérante.
Hume and the Miraculous
Authors: Paluch Stanley 
Published: June 2010

Hume states that a miracle is a violation of the laws of nature. Anyone reporting the occurrence of a miraculous event commits himself to the proposition that the event runs counter to the laws of nature. It is, Hume points out, not enough that the reported event fail to be “conformable” to our experience for us, licitly, to accept the report as of a miraculous event or—if we are the witnesses and reporters—to judge that what we have witnessed is miraculous.To use one of Hume's examples: the Indian from a warm climate is surprised to discover that water freezes. His previous experience has never been such that he could be prepared for this contingency; the freezing is not conformable to his experience but neither is it miraculous since it is not contrary to that experience.
The Value of Analogical Models in Science
Authors: Ruse Michael 
Published: June 2010

No one denies that scientists frequently use bodies of knowledge from already-explored fields of inquiry as models as they argue analogically in the attempt to build new theories in other fields; however, there appears to be considerable controversy about the values of the analogical models when once the new theories are complete. One school of thought has it that although acquaintance with a theory's analogical models might serve a useful pedagogical value—helping to introduce the novice to complex ideas—essentially such acquaintance is theoretically superfluous, and is indeed often dangerously misleading. Thus, R.B. Braithwaite cautions us that “The price of the employment of models is eternal vigilance,” and Mario Bunge states flatly that:In factual science analogy and analogical inference are welcome as theory construction tools. By the same token they are signs of growth, symptoms that the theory is still in the making rather than mature. A mature classical electrodynamics has no need for elastic tubes of force: the field—a non-mechanical substance—suffices for all purposes, the mechanical analogies being regarded as removable appendages.
Concept and Time in Hegel
Authors: Burbidge John 
Published: June 2010

To formulate a philosophy of time is not easy, even though it would seem to be the basic requirement for any philosophy which attempts to comprehend the world of nature or of history. The problem is briefly posed: Can the conceptual framework of philosophical thought do justice to the dynamic character of time?The purpose of this paper is not to provide a definitive answer to this question. Its aim is more limited. By discussing carefully the way in which Hegel's philosophy related conceptual thought to time, it hopes to provide new perspectives on this vexing philosophical problem.
ROTATION IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS OF ZAMBIA: EFFECTS ON SOIL QUALITY AND WATER RELATIONS
Authors: THIERFELDER C. , WALL P. C. 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYConservation agriculture (CA) systems are based on minimal soil disturbance, crop residue retention and crop rotation. Although the capacity of rotations to break pest and disease cycles is generally recognized, other benefits of crop rotations in CA systems are seldom acknowledged and little understood. We monitored different conventional and CA cropping systems over the period from 2005 to 2009 in a multi-seasonal trial in Monze, southern Zambia. Both monocropped maize and different maize rotations including cotton and the green manure cover crop sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea) were compared under CA conditions, with the aim of elucidating the effects of crop rotations on soil quality, soil moisture relations and maize productivity. Infiltration, a sensitive indicator of soil quality, was significantly lower on conventionally ploughed plots in all cropping seasons compared to CA plots. Higher water infiltration rate led to greater soil moisture content in CA maize treatments seeded after cotton. Earthworm populations, total carbon and aggregate stability were also significantly higher on CA plots. Improvements in soil quality resulted in higher rainfall use efficiency and higher maize grain yield on CA plots especially those in a two- or three-year rotation. In the 2007/08 and 2008/2009 season, highest yields were obtained from direct-seeded maize after sunnhemp, which yielded 74% and 136% more than maize in the conventionally ploughed control treatment with a continuous maize crop. Even in a two-year rotation (maize-cotton), without a legume green manure cover crop, 47% and 38% higher maize yields were recorded compared to maize in the conventionally ploughed control in the two years, respectively. This suggests that there are positive effects from crop rotations even in the absence of disease and pest problems. The overall profitability of each system will, however, depend on markets and prices, which will guide the farmer's decision on which, if any, rotation to choose.
Olfactory reference syndrome: a systematic review of the world literature
Authors: Begum M. , McKenna P. J. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundThe nosological status of olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is a matter of debate and there is uncertainty as to what treatments are effective.MethodThe world literature was searched for reports of cases of ORS. Clinical, nosological and therapeutic information from cases meeting proposed diagnostic criteria for the disorder was summarized and tabulated.ResultsA total of 84 case reports (52 male/32 female) were found. Age of onset was <20 years in almost 60% of cases. Smell-related precipitating events were recorded in 42%. Most patients could not smell the smell or only did so intermittently. Authors of the reports expressed reservations about the delusional nature of the belief in slightly under half of the cases. Over two-thirds were improved or recovered at follow-up, with the disorder responding to antidepressants and psychotherapy more frequently than to neuroleptics.ConclusionsORS is a primary psychiatric syndrome that does not fit well into its current classification as a subtype of delusional disorder, both in terms of its nosology and its response to treatment.
Sovereignty and Liberty in William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England
Authors: Lubert Howard L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this reading of William Blackstone's Commentaries the jurist is neither a conservative promoter of arbitrary power nor a modern liberalizer of the common law. He is a proceduralist who emphasizes due process of law as the way to reconcile political liberty with parliamentary sovereignty. Blackstone's jurisprudence reflects a particular reading of political history, one that sees Parliament at the forefront of the protection of English liberties. While the legislature is capable of tyranny, it is in the king and the courts that historically he finds the greatest examples of arbitrary rule. And it has been the exercise of parliamentary sovereignty that has reinstated and guarded due process—in particular, habeas corpus—thereby preserving and facilitating public liberty.
Stretched verb collocations withgive: their use and translation into Spanish using the BNC and CREA corpora
Authors: Molina-Plaza Silvia , de Gregorio-Godeo Eduardo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWithin the context of on-going research,1 this paper explores the pedagogical implications of contrastive analyses of multiword units in English and Spanish based on electronic corpora as a CALL resource. The main tenets of collocations from a contrastive perspective – and the points of contact and departure between both languages – are discussed prior to examining the commonest types of verb + noun combinations as a significant case of so-called ‘de-lexicalized’, ‘light’, ‘empty’, ‘thin’, ‘stretched’ or ‘support verbs’. A qualitatively and quantitatively-oriented case study is accordingly conducted, determining the weight ofdarin support verb constructions within theCorpus de Referencia del Español Actual(CREA) and of the English equivalent stretched verb constructions withgivewithin the British National Corpus (BNC). Based on the empirical data obtained in this way, this paper provides relevant insights for more accurate translations, helping to enhance the collocational competence of L2 students, who tend to avoid constructions including empty verbs likegivein favour of full-verb forms. The detailed findings in this paper come to shed light on the potential of CALL resources for improving the collocational usage of foreign-language learners, as quantitative and qualitative comparisons of collocations based on electronic corpora serve to highlight the similarities and, more importantly, the lexical and typological differences between both languages, thereby substantiating the invaluable role that corpus analysis may play for language teaching in general and for collocational knowledge and proficiency in particular.
Fostering reflective writing and interactive exchange through blogging in an advanced language course
Authors: Lee Lina 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBlog technology is a potential medium for encouraging reflective writing through self-expression and interactive exchange through social networking. This paper reports on a study using blogs as out-of-class assignments for the development of learners’ language competence. The study involved seventeen university students at advanced level who kept personal blogs over a14-week period. Data collected from blog pages, post surveys and final interviews reported affordances and challenges of using blogs for personal expression and collaborative interaction. The results showed that regularly creating blog entries had a positive impact on learners’ writing fluency and increased their motivation to write for a broad audience. Importantly, a four-skill integrated approach to task-based activities afforded opportunities for students to use the target language for blogging. The findings also indicate that peer feedback on the content prompted further discussion, whereas linguistic feedback from the instructor encouraged focus on form for language accuracy. The study concludes that learners’ critical thinking and technological skills are essential for the implementation of blog projects in L2 instruction.
Dissolved Organic Carbon in Northern Catchments and Understanding Hydroclimatic Controls: Northern Watershed Ecosystem Response to Climate Change (North‐Watch) Workshop II: Hydrological Regulation of Stream DOC in Northern Catchments; Vindeln, Sweden, 11–15 April 2010
Authors: Tetzlaff Doerthe , Laudon Hjalmar 
Published: June 2010

Predicting the integrated consequences of climate change on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water resources is a difficult area of interdisciplinary environmental science. Fortunately, in many areas, research catchments have been established that provide the best longer‐term data sets that encompass integrated measurement of the linkages between the climate, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology of river systems and how these are being affected by climatic change.North‐Watch is an interdisciplinary intersite comparison project funded by the Leverhulme Trust, in London, and run by the Northern Rivers Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom. It aims to analyze long‐term data from experimental catchments including sensitive boreal, subarctic, and subalpine environments ranging from the Yukon to northern Sweden to the Scottish Cairngorms. The goal is to assess the integrated physical, chemical, and biological response to climatic change.
ACE2–angiotensin-(1–7)–Mas axis in renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: da Silveira Kátia D. , Pompermayer Bosco Kênia S. , Diniz Lúcio R. L. , Carmona Adriana K. , Cassali Giovanni D. , Bruna-Romero Oscar , de Sousa Lirlândia P. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Santos Robson A. S. , Simões e Silva Ana C. , Ribeiro Vieira Maria A. 
Published: June 2010

AngII (angiotensin II), ACE (angiotensin I-converting enzyme) and the AT1 receptor (AngII type 1 receptor) are associated with the inflammatory process and microvascular dysfunction of AKI (acute kidney injury) induced by renal I/R (ischaemia/reperfusion). However, Ang-(1–7) [angiotensin-(1–7)], ACE2 (angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2) and the Mas receptor also play a role in renal disease models. Therefore, in the present study, we have examined the renal profile of Ang-(1–7), ACE2 and the Mas receptor in renal I/R and compared them with that of AngII, ACE and the AT1 receptor. Male Wistar rats were submitted to left nephrectomy and ischaemia (45 min) followed by reperfusion (2 or 4 h) in the right kidney. At 4 h of reperfusion, renal AngII was increased (P&lt;0.01) and renal Ang-(1–7) was decreased substantially (P&lt;0.05), although plasma levels of both angiotensins were unchanged. In addition, renal I/R decreased the renal mRNA expression of renin (P&lt;0.05), AT1 receptors (P&lt;0.001) and ACE2 (P&lt;0.05). At 2 and 4 h of reperfusion, renal ACE activity was reduced (P&lt;0.05). On the other hand, renal expression of the Mas receptor was greatly increased at 4 h of reperfusion (P&lt;0.01), which was confirmed by immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis. In conclusion, increased renal expression of the Mas receptor associated with changes in the RAS (renin–angiotensin system)-related peptidases support an important role for the ACE2–Ang-(1–7)–Mas axis in AKI.
Novel Ha Locus, Pina‐D1c/Pinb‐D1h, Affects Soft White Spring Wheat Milling and Baking
Authors: Reynolds Nicholas P. , Martin John M. , Giroux Michael J. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain hardness is controlled by the Hardness locus on chromosome 5D which consists of the linked genes Puroindoline a and b (Pina and Pinb, respectively). The Ha locus haplotype, Pina‐D1a/Pinb‐D1a, is found in all soft hexaploid wheats. While Pin diversity is low among soft wheats, several novel Ha haplotypes were reported among synthetic hexaploid wheats created using the D genome donor, Aegilops tauschii. One haplotype, Pina‐D1c/Pinb‐D1h, confers a soft phenotype with increased grain hardness over Pina‐D1a/Pinb‐D1a wheats. Here, the Pina‐D1c/Pinb‐D1h haplotype was backcrossed into the soft white spring wheat cultivars ‘Vanna’ and ‘Alpowa’. Then the effect of the two haplotypes on soft wheat milling and baking quality was compared. The effects of the Pina‐D1c/Pinb‐D1h Ha locus haplotype were similar in both the Vanna and Alpowa backgrounds. The Pina‐D1c/Pinb‐D1h lines had significantly more large and fewer small flour particles in both backgrounds and 1.51% higher flour yield in the Alpowa background. The Pina‐D1c/Pinb‐D1h haplotype group was not associated with any consistent differences in solvent retention capacities or sugar snap cookie quality parameters. The results indicate that the Pina‐D1c/Pinb‐D1h haplotype could be used to modify soft wheat milling properties without substantial effects on baking quality.
The TOR Pathway Modulates the Structure of Cell Walls inArabidopsis
Authors: Leiber Ruth-Maria , John Florian , Verhertbruggen Yves , Diet Anouck , Knox J. Paul , Ringli Christoph 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPlant cell growth is limited by the extension of cell walls, which requires both the synthesis and rearrangement of cell wall components in a controlled fashion. The target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway is a major regulator of cell growth in eukaryotes, and inhibition of this pathway by rapamycin reduces cell growth. Here, we show that in plants, the TOR pathway affects cell wall structures. LRR-extensin1 (LRX1) of Arabidopsis thaliana is an extracellular protein involved in cell wall formation in root hairs, and lrx1 mutants develop aberrant root hairs. rol5 (for repressor of lrx1) was identified as a suppressor of lrx1. The functionally similar ROL5 homolog in yeast, Ncs6p (needs Cla4 to survive 6), was previously found to affect TOR signaling. Inhibition of TOR signaling by rapamycin led to suppression of the lrx1 mutant phenotype and caused specific changes to galactan/rhamnogalacturonan-I and arabinogalactan protein components of cell walls that were similar to those observed in the rol5 mutant. The ROL5 protein accumulates in mitochondria, a target of the TOR pathway and major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and rol5 mutants show an altered response to ROS. This suggests that ROL5 might function as a mitochondrial component of the TOR pathway that influences the plant's response to ROS.
Antibiotic use in early life and development of allergic diseases: respiratory infection as the explanation
Authors: Mai X.‐M. , Kull I. , Wickman M. , Bergström A. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryBackground
Early antibiotic use has been postulated to increase the development of allergic disease. Antibiotic use results from infection. Early infection may play a confounding role in the relationship between antibiotic use and allergic disease.Objective
We aimed to investigate the relationship between antibiotic use during the first year of life and the development of allergic diseases in a birth cohort study, and also to carefully address the confounding effect of early respiratory infection.Methods
Three thousand three hundred and six children were included in this study who participated in investigations at all occasions of 2 months, 1, 4 and 8 years of age. Data on antibiotic use and respiratory infections were collected at the age of 1 year. Diagnoses of allergic diseases at 4 and 8 years of age were derived from the follow‐up questionnaires.Results
During the first year of life, 43% (n=1420) of the children received antibiotics and 32% (n=1046) of the children had at least one type of respiratory infection among pneumonia, bronchitis and otitis. In univariate logistic regression analysis and after adjustment for early life factors, antibiotic use during the first year of life was associated with wheeze, asthma, eczema and food hypersensitivity at 4 years of age. After adjustment for the above respiratory infections during the first year of life, only the associations with wheeze and asthma at age 4 years remained statistically significant. These associations became non‐significant in a subgroup analysis in children without early allergic signs. At age 8 years, antibiotic use during the first year of life was significantly associated with wheeze and eczema after adjustment for early life factors. The significant associations at age 8 years faded away following further adjustment for the respiratory infections.Conclusion
Our study indicated that the association between early antibiotic use and later allergic disease could at least partially be explained by early respiratory infection. Cite this as: X.‐M. Mai, I. Kull, M. Wickman and A. Bergström, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1230–1237.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Assessment of cardiac valve dysfunction in patients receiving cabergoline treatment for hyperprolactinaemia
Authors: Tan Tricia , Cabrita Ines Z. , Hensman Davina , Grogono Joanna , Dhillo Waljit S. , Baynes Kevin C. , Eliahoo Joseph , Meeran Karim , Robinson Stephen , Nihoyannopoulos Petros , Martin Niamh M. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryObjective  Cabergoline is a highly effective medical treatment for patients with hyperprolactinaemia. There is an increased risk of valvular heart disease in patients receiving cabergoline for Parkinson’s disease. This study examined whether cabergoline treatment of hyperprolactinaemia is associated with a greater prevalence of valvulopathy.Design  Cross‐sectional, two‐dimensional echocardiographic study performed by a single echocardiographer.Patients  Seventy‐two patients (median age 36 years, 19 men) receiving cabergoline for hyperprolactinaemia, and 72 controls prospectively matched for age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors.Measurements  Assessment of valvular mobility, regurgitation and morphology.Results  Median cumulative dose exposure for cabergoline was 126 (58–258) mg, and patients had received cabergoline for 53 (26–96) months. The frequency of mild mitral regurgitation was identical (5/72, 7%) in patient and control groups. Mild aortic regurgitation was not significantly different between groups (4/72 [controls] vs 2/72 [patients], P = 0·681). There was only one case of tricuspid regurgitation, which was mild and observed in a cabergoline‐treated patient. Nodular thickening of the right coronary cusp, noncoronary cusp or left coronary cusp of the aortic valve was observed at a similar frequency in both groups. There were no cases of extensive thickening of any valvular leaflet.Conclusion  Our data demonstrates that there is no association between cabergoline treatment for hyperprolactinaemia and valvulopathy. This study therefore supports continued use of low‐dose cabergoline for patients with hyperprolactinaemia.
Relationships between dimethylarginine and the presence of vertebral fractures in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kanazawa Ippei , Yano Shozo , Yamaguchi Toru , Notsu Yoshitomo , Nabika Toru , Sugimoto Toshitsugu 
Published: June 2010

SummaryObjective  Although previous studies suggested that nitric oxide (NO) could affect bone metabolism, little is known about whether asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase, is associated with the risk of osteoporotic fractures.Methods  A cross‐sectional study was carried out to examine the associations of serum dimethylarginines with bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers, and the presence of vertebral fractures in 226 men and 152 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.Results  In subjects with vertebral fractures, there was significantly higher serum ADMA in men (0·61 ± 0·20 [mean ± SD] vs 0·55 ± 0·19 μm, P = 0·030) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in postmenopausal women (0·72 ± 0·37 vs 0·56 ± 0·16 μm, P < 0·001) than in those without fractures. In men with vertebral fractures, serum ADMA was negatively correlated with Z‐score at one‐third radius (multiple regression β = −0·28, p = 0·016), and SDMA was positively correlated with serum osteocalcin (β = 0·38, P = 0·044) and urinary N‐terminal cross‐linked telopeptide of type‐I collagen (β = 0·40, P = 0·027). In addition, serum ADMA in men and SDMA in postmenopausal women were positively associated with the presence of vertebral fractures after adjusting for age, duration of diabetes, and lumbar BMD (multiple logistic regression odds ratio [OR] = 1·36, P = 0·044 and OR = 1·78, P = 0 .006, respectively).Conclusions  We report, for the first time, that serum dimethylarginines may be independent risk factors for prevalent vertebral fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes.