bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acellular nerve allografts in peripheral nerve regeneration: A comparative study
Authors: Moore Amy M. , Macewan Matthew , Santosa Katherine B. , Chenard Kristofer E. , Ray Wilson Z. , Hunter Daniel A. , Mackinnon Susan E. , Johnson Philip J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Processed nerve allografts offer a promising alternative to nerve autografts in the surgical management of peripheral nerve injuries where short deficits exist. Methods: Three established models of acellular nerve allograft (cold‐preserved, detergent‐processed, and AxoGen‐processed nerve allografts) were compared with nerve isografts and silicone nerve guidance conduits in a 14‐mm rat sciatic nerve defect. Results: All acellular nerve grafts were superior to silicone nerve conduits in support of nerve regeneration. Detergent‐processed allografts were similar to isografts at 6 weeks postoperatively, whereas AxoGen‐processed and cold‐preserved allografts supported significantly fewer regenerating nerve fibers. Measurement of muscle force confirmed that detergent‐processed allografts promoted isograft‐equivalent levels of motor recovery 16 weeks postoperatively. All acellular allografts promoted greater amounts of motor recovery compared with silicone conduits. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence that differential processing for removal of cellular constituents in preparing acellular nerve allografts affects recovery in vivo. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Scratch hardness–strength solutions for cohesive‐frictional materials
Authors: Bard Romain , Ulm Franz‐Josef 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper we develop analytical solutions for scratch hardness–strength relations for cohesive‐frictional materials of the Mohr–Coulomb and Drucker–Prager type. Based on the lower bound yield design approach, closed‐form solutions are derived for frictionless scratch devices, and validated against computational upper bound and elastoplastic finite element solutions. The influence of friction at the blade–material interface is also investigated, for which a simple computational optimization is proposed. Illustrated for scratch tests on cement paste, we show that the proposed solutions provide a convenient way to determine estimates of cohesion and friction parameters from scratch data, and may serve as a benchmark to identify the relevance of strength models for scratch test analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional finite element modeling of tire/ground interaction
Authors: Xia Kaiming , Yang Yunming 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYTire/ground interaction has been an important issue in terramechanics, transportation and pavement engineering. Characterization of tire/ground interaction has been majorly investigated based on empirical approaches and field tests. So far very few dynamic tire/ground interaction models have been presented. This paper presents a three‐dimensional finite element model for tire/ground interaction. The rubber material is modeled as nearly incompressible finite strain hyperelasticity instead of being modeled as a rigid wheel. The tire is also modeled as bias type and steel rebars are embedded within the tire structure. The tire model is combined with the ground model to form a tire/ground interaction model. Both single tire/ground interaction and four‐tire vehicle/pavement interaction models are presented, which allow us to investigate a lot of issues easily and accurately, such as compaction, pavement response and pavement damage. Numerous simulations are carried out to demonstrate that the dynamic tire/terrain interaction model can be used to predict the dynamic ground response due to moving vehicle. Different tire rolling conditions can be easily incorporated into the tire/ground interaction model, which further substantiates the broad application of the model in transportation and pavement engineering. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elevation of serum c‐reactive protein in patients with OAB and IC/BPS implies chronic inflammation in the urinary bladder
Authors: Chung Shiu‐Dong , Liu Hsin‐Tzu , Lin Heng , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAimsChronic inflammation has been implicated in the development of overactive bladder (OAB) and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). An elevation of C‐reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with chronic inflammation and lower urinary tract symptoms. This study aims to elucidate the association between CRP and OAB or IC/BPS.MethodsSerum CRP and urinary nerve growth factor (NGF) levels were examined in 70 patients with OAB (n = 22) or IC/BPS (n = 48) and compared with 33 normal controls. Data of serum CRP and urinary NGF levels were compared among the controls, IC/PBS, and OAB. The Spearmen correlation analysis test and ANOVA (Kruskal–Wallis) test were used for statistical analysis with P < 0.05 considered significant.ResultsSerum CRP levels were significantly higher in subjects with OAB (1.83 ± 2.30 mg/L vs. 0.59 ± 0.40 mg/L, P = 0.012) or IC/BPS (1.76 ± 3.56 mg/L vs. 0.59 ± 0.40 mg/L, P = 0.049) than in controls. No significant difference in CRP level was noted between patients with OAB and IC/BPS (P = 0.43). In a subgroup analysis, patients of OAB wet had higher serum CRP level than that of OAB dry (2.95 ± 3.08 mg/L vs. 0.90 ± 0.52 mg/L); however, the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.34). The CRP between OAB wet and OAB patients with medical disease was not significantly different. There was no significant correlation between serum CRP and urinary NGF levels in the controls or patients with OAB or IC/BPS, except in the OAB patients with a CRP level >3 mg/L.ConclusionsOur data support the association between chronic inflammation of the urinary bladder in patients with OAB or IC/BPS. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:417–420, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An adaptive concurrent multiscale method for the dynamic simulation of dislocations
Authors: Gracie Robert , Belytschko Ted 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA continuum‐atomistic adaptive multiscale method is developed for the simulation of the dynamics of dislocations. Two key features of the method are (i) methods for both refining and coarsening the model, where coarsening refers to a continuum to atomistic transition and refinement to the opposite and (ii) error criteria for refining and coarsening. In coarsening of edge dislocation solutions, it is crucial to capture the discontinuities across the glide plane, which is accomplished here by the extended finite element method. Error criteria are developed in terms of energies so that the atomistic model tends to follow the core, where continuum models are generally quite inaccurate. The method is applied to two‐dimensional problems involving dislocations emitted from a void and from a crack tip. The results show good agreement with other multiscale methods and result in a large savings in computational effort. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A quasicontinuum methodology for multiscale analyses of discrete microstructural models
Authors: Beex L. A. A. , Peerlings R. H. J. , Geers M. G. D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMany studies in different research fields use lattice models to investigate the mechanical behavior of materials. Full lattice calculations are often performed to determine the influence of localized microscale phenomena on large‐scale responses but they are usually computationally expensive. In this study the quasicontinuum (QC) method (Phil. Mag. A 1996; 73:1529–1563) is extended towards lattice models that employ discrete elements, such as trusses and beams. The QC method is a multiscale approach that uses a triangulation to interpolate the lattice model in regions with small fluctuations in the deformation field, while in regions of high interest the exact lattice model is obtained by refining the triangulation to the internal spacing of the lattice. Interpolation ensures that the number of unknowns is reduced while summation ensures that only a selective part of the underlying lattice model must be visited to construct the governing equations. As the QC method has so far only been applied to atomic lattice models, the existing summation procedures have been revisited for structural lattice models containing discrete elements. This has led to a new QC method that makes use of the characteristic structure of the considered truss network. The proposed QC method is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the only QC method that does not need any correction at the interface between the interpolated and the fully resolved region and at the same time gives exact results unlike the cluster QC methods. In its present formulation, the proposed QC method can only be used for lattice models containing nearest neighbor interactions, but with some minor adaptations it can also be used for lattices with next‐nearest neighbor interactions such as atomic lattices. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tetrahedral mesh generation using Delaunay refinement with non‐standard quality measures
Authors: Gosselin S. , Ollivier‐Gooch C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper studies the practical performance of Delaunay refinement tetrahedral mesh generation algorithms. By using non‐standard quality measures to drive refinement, we show that sliver tetrahedra can be eliminated from constrained Delaunay tetrahedralizations solely by refinement. Despite the fact that quality guarantees cannot be proven, the algorithm can consistently generate meshes with dihedral angles between 18circ and 154∘. Using a fairer quality measure targeting every type of bad tetrahedron, dihedral angles between 14∘ and 154∘ can be obtained. The number of vertices inserted to achieve quality meshes is comparable to that needed when driving refinement with the standard circumradius‐to‐shortest‐edge ratio. We also study the use of mesh improvement techniques on Delaunay refined meshes and observe that the minimum dihedral angle can generally be pushed above 20∘, regardless of the quality measure used to drive refinement. The algorithm presented in this paper can accept geometric domains whose boundaries are piecewise smooth. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of adult behaviors on child coping during venipuncture: A sequential analysis
Authors: Taylor Christine , Sellick Ken , Greenwood Ken 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the influences of adult behaviors on child coping behaviors during venipunctures (VPs) in an emergency department. Observations of children and adults from 66 VPs were coded using a modified version of the Child–Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale and analyzed using sequential analysis. Results showed adult reassurance behavior promoted child distress behaviors, such as crying, as well as nondistress behaviors, such as information seeking; adult distraction behaviors promoted children's distraction, control, and coping behaviors; and children frequently ignored adult behaviors. Findings suggest further exploration of children's internal strategies for coping, such as appraisal, and clarifying the role of adult reassurance in child coping behaviors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health
Experimental results of a control time delay system using optimal control
Authors: Santos Omar , Rodríguez‐Guerrero Liliam , López‐Ortega Omar 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThe optimal control for a temperature system with time delay is considered. Experimental results of the control system are presented in this contribution. The integral term in the controller is approximated by a quadrature method. Experimental results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the approximation method. By a simple analysis in time domain, we demonstrate the robustness of the optimal controller. We compare the optimal control's performance with an industrial PID controller. This controller was robustly tuned. The experiments indicate the correct optimization of the plant when the optimal control was employed, despite limitations in the sensor, actuators, non‐modeled dynamics, and uncertain parameters of the process. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal control of radiative heat transfer in glass cooling with restrictions on the temperature gradient
Authors: Clever D. , Lang J. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThis paper is motivated by an optimal boundary control problem for the cooling process of molten and already formed glass down to room temperature. The high temperatures at which glass is processed demand to include radiative heat transfer in the computational model. Since the complete radiative heat transfer equations are too complex for optimization purposes, we use simplified approximations of spherical harmonics coupled with a practically relevant frequency bands model. The optimal control problem is considered as a partial differential algebraic equation (PDAE)‐constrained optimization problem with box constraints on the control. In this paper, we augment the objective by a functional depending on the state gradient, which forces a minimization of thermal stress inside the glass. To guarantee consistent and grid‐independent values of the reduced objective gradient at the end of the cooling process, we pursue two approaches. The first includes the temperature gradient with a time‐dependent linearly decreasing weight. In the second approach, we augment the objective functional by the final state tracking and final state gradient optimization. To determine an optimal boundary control, we apply a projected gradient method with the Armijo step size rule. The reduced objective gradient is computed by the continuous adjoint approach. The arising time‐dependent PDAEs are numerically solved by variable step size one‐step methods of Rosenbrock type in time and adaptive multilevel finite elements in space. We present two‐dimensional numerical results for an infinitely long glass block and compare the two different approaches derived to ensure consistency at the end of the cooling process. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of starch gelatinization and oxidation on the rheological behavior of chitosan/starch blends
Authors: Horn Marilia M , Martins Virginia CA , Plepis Ana MG 
Published: February 2011

AbstractChitosan/starch blends represent an interesting alternative for the preparation of biocompatible drug delivery systems, packing materials and edible films. This paper reports on the effects of starch gelatinization and oxidation on the rheological behavior of chitosan/starch blends. The results show that the modifications in the starch structure cause changes in G′ (storage modulus) and G″ (loss modulus) as a function of frequency. For chitosan/starch, G″ is higher than G′, showing a viscous behavior. However, for chitosan/gelatinized starch and chitosan/oxidized starch, an increase in the angular frequency promotes a modulus crossover at ω = 0.02 and 0.04 rad s−1, respectively. The viscosity curves as a function of shear rate show that both modifications cause an increase in viscosity, and all blends show a non‐Newtonian behavior. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Two‐dimensional gel proteome reference map of INS‐1E cells
Authors: D'Hertog Wannes , Maris Michael , Thorrez Lieven , Waelkens Etienne , Overbergh Lut , Mathieu Chantal 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe insulin‐producing INS‐1E rat cell line is widely used as a model for studying β‐cells. It is a well‐characterized cell line, mainly used in diabetes research. We established a 2‐DE reference map for INS‐1E cells. Using MALDI‐TOF/TOF‐MS/MS, we identified 546 spots. These included various proteins with an important role in β‐cell physiology and with known roles as crucial proteins for diabetes development. We believe that the availability of this reference map will enhance our knowledge of β‐cell physiology.
An approach for identification of phosphoproteins using the G‐electrode‐loading method in two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis
Authors: Koga Kaori , Minohata Toshikazu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe assessed whether the G‐electrode‐loading method (GELM) was helpful in the protein analysis. GELM in 2‐DE was compared with the slip‐loading, the in‐gel rehydration and the cup‐loading in 2‐DE. GELM showed the best results for protein separation. A total of 14 spots that showed an increase with GELM were analyzed by MALDI‐TOF MS. In GELM, all of these spots were identified with a high score and a high sequence coverage. A membrane‐associated protein was identified and determined to have phosphorylated site. These tests show that GELM has several advantages for protein analysis compared with the traditional methods.
Mapping phosphoproteins in Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A
Authors: Bernardini Giulia , Laschi Marcella , Serchi Tommaso , Arena Simona , D'Ambrosio Chiara , Braconi Daniela , Scaloni Andrea , Santucci Annalisa 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTo investigate the phosphorylation capability of serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis (MenA) and to implement our knowledge in meningococcal biology and in bacterial post‐translational modifications, cell extracts were separated by 2‐DE and 51 novel phosphoproteins were revealed by the use of the highly specific Ser/Thr/Tyr‐phosphorylated proteins staining by Pro‐Q Diamond and identified by MALDI‐ToF/MS. Our results indicate that phosphorylation in MenA is comparable to that of other bacterial species. A first functional characterization of the identified modified proteins was also given, in order to understand their role in meningococcal physiopathology.
Quantitative proteomics (2‐D DIGE) reveals molecular strategies employed by Burkholderia cenocepacia to adapt to the airways of cystic fibrosis patients under antimicrobial therapy
Authors: Madeira Andreia , Santos Pedro M. , Coutinho Carla P. , Pinto‐de‐Oliveira Ana , Sá‐Correia Isabel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractChronic respiratory infections caused by Burkholderia cenocepacia in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are characterized by low responsiveness to antibiotic therapy and, in general, to a more rapid decline of lung function. To get clues into the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptive strategies employed to deal with the stressing conditions of the CF lung including antibiotic therapy, quantitative proteomics (2‐D DIGE) was used to compare the expression programs of two clonal isolates retrieved from a chronically infected CF patient. Isolate IST439 was the first bacterium recovered while the clonal variant IST4113 was obtained after 3 years of persistent infection and intravenous therapy with ceftazidime/gentamicin. This isolate exhibits higher resistance levels towards different classes of antimicrobials. Proteins of the functional categories Energy metabolism, Translation, Nucleotide synthesis, Protein folding and stabilization are more abundant in IST4113, compared with IST439, suggesting an increased protein synthesis, DNA repair and stress resistance in IST4113. The level of proteins involved in peptidoglycan, membrane lipids and lipopolysaccharide synthesis is also altered and proteins involved in iron binding and transport are more abundant in IST4113. The quantitative comparison of the two proteomes suggests a genetic adaptation leading to increased antimicrobial resistance and bacterial persistence in the CF airways.
Abacus: A computational tool for extracting and pre‐processing spectral count data for label‐free quantitative proteomic analysis
Authors: Fermin Damian , Basrur Venkatesha , Yocum Anastasia K. , Nesvizhskii Alexey I. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe describe Abacus, a computational tool for extracting spectral counts from MS/MS data sets. The program aggregates data from multiple experiments, adjusts spectral counts to accurately account for peptides shared across multiple proteins, and performs common normalization steps. It can also output the spectral count data at the gene level, thus simplifying the integration and comparison between gene and protein expression data. Abacus is compatible with the widely used Trans‐Proteomic Pipeline suite of tools and comes with a graphical user interface making it easy to interact with the program. The main aim of Abacus is to streamline the analysis of spectral count data by providing an automated, easy to use solution for extracting this information from proteomic data sets for subsequent, more sophisticated statistical analysis.
Proteome changes in rat plasma in response to sibutramine
Authors: Choi Jung‐Won , Joo Jeong In , Kim Dong Hyun , Wang Xia , Oh Tae Seok , Choi Duk Kwon , Yun Jong Won 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSibutramine is an anti‐obesity agent that induces weight loss by selective inhibition of neuronal reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine; however, it is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart attack and stroke. Here, we analyzed global protein expression patterns in plasma of control and sibutramine‐treated rats using proteomic analysis for a better understanding of the two conflicting functions of this drug, appetite regulation, and cardiovascular risk. The control (n=6) and sibutramine‐treated groups (n=6) were injected by vehicle and sibutramine, respectively, and 2‐DE combined with MALDI‐TOF/MS were performed. Compared to control rats, sibutramine‐administered rats gained approximately 18% less body weight and consumed about 13% less food. Plasma leptin and insulin levels also showed a significant decrease in sibutramine‐treated rats. As a result of proteomic analysis, 23 differentially regulated proteins were discovered and were reconfirmed by immunoblot analysis. Changed proteins were classified into appetite regulation and cardiovascular risk, according to their regulation pattern. Because the differential levels of proteins that have been well recognized as predictors of CVD risk were not well matched with the results of our proteomic analysis, this study does not conclusively prove that sibutramine has an effect on CVD risk.
Synthesis of macrocyclic molecular brushes with amphiphilic block copolymers as side chains
Authors: Fan Xiaoshan , Wang Guowei , Huang Junlian 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMacrocyclic molecular brushes c‐PHEMA‐g‐(PS‐b‐PEO) consisting of macrocyclic poly(2‐hydroxylethyl methacrylate) (c‐PHEMA) as backbone and polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PS‐b‐PEO) amphiphilic block copolymers as side chains were synthesized by the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), click chemistry, and single‐electron transfer nitroxide radical coupling (SET‐NRC). First, a linear α‐alkyne‐ω‐azido heterodifunctional PHEMA (l‐HCC‐PHEMA‐N3) was prepared by ATRP of HEMA using 3‐(trimethylsilyl)propargyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate as initiator, and then chlorine end groups were transformed to N3 group by nucleophilic substitution reaction in DMF in the presence of an excess of NaN3. The 3‐trimethylsilyl groups could be removed in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride, and the product was cyclized by “click” chemistry in high dilution conditions. The hydroxyl groups on c‐PHEMA were transferred into bromine groups by esterification with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide and then initiate the ATRP of styrene. The formed macrocyclic molecular brushes c‐PHEMA‐g‐PS were coupled with the TEMPO‐PEO to afford the target macrocyclic molecular brushes c‐PHEMA‐g‐(PS‐b‐PEO) by SET‐NRC, and the efficiency is as high as 80∼85%. All of the intermediates and final product were characterized with 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and gel permeation chromatography in details © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011