bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exogenous nitric oxide negatively regulates the S‐nitrosylation p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation during cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion
Authors: Qi S. H. , Hao L. Y. , Yue J. , Zong Y. Y. , Zhang G. Y. 
Published: May 2012

S. H. Qi, L. Y. Hao, J. Yue, Y. Y. Zong and G. Y. Zhang (2013) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology39, 284–297Exogenous nitric oxide negatively regulates the S‐nitrosylation p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation during cerebral ischaemia and reperfusionAims: A number of studies have suggested that nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the reactive phosphorylation of p38MAPKα (p38). However, whether S‐nitrosylation of p38 is activated by NO and the details remain unclear. The aim of the present work was to assess the activation of p38, the S‐nitrosylation site and the p38 signalling pathway in rat hippocampus and in HEK293 cell induced by exogenous NO. Methods: Primary hippocampal cultures, HEK293 cells and rat model of cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (brain ischaemia was induced by four‐vessel occlusion procedure) were used in this study. Biotin‐switch method and immunoblotting were performed to study the S‐nitrosylation and phosphorylation of p38, and neuronal loss was observed by histology. Results: Endogenous NO increased p38 phosphorylation and S‐nitrosylation, and the activation of p38 was dependent on the S‐nitrosylation of Cys‐211, which was critical for the NO‐mediated activation of p38. The exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside, S‐nitrosoglutathione, 7‐nitroindazole, the inhibitor of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase, inhibited the activation of p38 signal pathway induced by cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion and attenuated the damage in rat hippocampal neurones. Moreover, the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is probably involved in the p38 activation process of S‐nitrosylation and phosphorylation. Conclusion: Endogenous NO induces the S‐nitrosylation and phosphorylation of p38 and mediates p38 signalling pathway by NMDAR, and as exogenous NO inhibits this process and is neuroprotective in rat cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion, it may make a contribution to stroke therapy.
Mitochondrial function in human brains is affected by pre‐ and post mortem factors
Authors: Harish G. , Venkateshappa C. , Mahadevan A. , Pruthi N. , Bharath M. M. S. , Shankar S. K. 
Published: May 2012

G. Harish, C. Venkateshappa, A. Mahadevan, N. Pruthi, M. M. S. Bharath and S. K. Shankar (2013) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology39, 298–315Mitochondrial function in human brains is affected by pre‐ and post mortem factorsAim: Mitochondrial function and the ensuing ATP synthesis are central to the functioning of the brain and contribute to neuronal physiology. Most studies on neurodegenerative diseases have highlighted that mitochondrial dysfunction is an important event contributing to pathology. However, studies on the human brain mitochondria in various neurodegenerative disorders heavily rely on post mortem samples. As post mortem tissues are influenced by pre‐ and post mortem factors, we investigated the effect of these variables on mitochondrial function. Methods: We examined whether the mitochondrial function (represented by mitochondrial enzymes and antioxidant activities) in post mortem human brains (n = 45) was affected by increased storage time (11.8–104.1 months), age of the donor (2 days to 80 years), post mortem interval (2.5–26 h), gender difference and agonal state [based on Glasgow Coma Scale: range = 3–15] in the frontal cortex, as a prototype. Results: We observed that the activities of citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial reductase (MTT) were significantly affected only by gender difference (citrate synthase: P = 0.005; succinate dehydrogenase: P = 0.01; mitochondrial reductase: P = 0.006), being higher in females, but not by any other factor. Mitochondrial complex I activity was significantly inhibited by increasing age (r = −0.40; P = 0.05). On the other hand, the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme glutathione reductase decreased with severe agonal state (P = 0.003), while the activity of glutathione‐S‐transferase declined with increased storage time (P = 0.005) and severe agonal state (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Our data highlight the influence of pre‐ and post mortem factors on preservation of mitochondrial function with implications for studies on brain pathology employing stored human samples.
Natural occurrence of fusarium head blight, mycotoxins and mycotoxin‐producing isolates of Fusarium in commercial fields of wheat in Hubei
Authors: Zhang J.‐B. , Wang J.‐H. , Gong A.‐D. , Chen F.‐F. , Song B. , Li X. , Li H.‐P. , Peng C.‐H. , Liao Y.‐C. 
Published: May 2012

Combined analyses of the natural occurrence of fusarium head blight (FHB), mycotoxins and mycotoxin‐producing isolates of Fusarium spp. in fields of wheat revealed FHB epidemics in 12 of 14 regions in Hubei in 2009. Mycotoxin contamination ranged from 0·59 to 15·28 μg g−1 in grains. Of the causal agents associated with symptoms of FHB, 84% were Fusarium asiaticum and 9·5% were Fusarium graminearum, while the remaining 6·5% were other Fusarium species. Genetic chemotyping demonstrated that F. asiaticum comprised deoxynivalenol (DON), 3‐acetyldeoxynivalenol (3‐AcDON), 15‐acetyldeoxynivalenol (15‐AcDON) and nivalenol (NIV) producers, whereas F. graminearum only included DON and 15‐AcDON producers. Compared with the chemotype patterns in 1999, there appeared to be a modest shift towards 3‐AcDON chemotypes in field populations during the following decade. However, isolates genetically chemotyped as 3‐AcDON were present in all regions, whereas the chemical 3‐AcDON was only detected in three of the 14 regions where 3‐AcDON accounted for 15–20% of the DON and acetylated forms. NIV mycotoxins were detected in seven regions, six of which also yielded NIV chemotypes. The number of genetic 3‐AcDON producers was positively correlated with amounts of total mycotoxins (DON, NIV and acetylated forms) or DON in wheat grains. Chemical analyses of wheat grains and rice cultures inoculated with different isolates from the fields confirmed their genetic chemotypes and revealed a preferential biosynthesis of 3‐AcDON and 4‐AcNIV in rice. These findings suggest the importance of chemotyping coupled with species identification for improved prediction of mycotoxin contamination in wheat.
Are obstetrical, perinatal, and infantile difficulties associated with pediatric bipolar disorder?
Authors: Martelon MaryKate , Wilens Timothy E , Anderson Jesse P , Morrison Nicholas R , Wozniak Janet 
Published: May 2012

Martelon MK, Wilens TE, Anderson JP, Morrison NR, Wozniak J. Are obstetrical, perinatal, and infantile difficulties associated with pediatric bipolar disorder? Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 507–514. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Despite increasing acknowledgement of bipolar disorder (BD) in childhood, there is a paucity of literature that has investigated obstetrical, perinatal, and infantile difficulties and their potential link with BD. To this end, we examined difficulties during delivery, immediate post‐birth, and infancy and the association with BD in childhood.Methods:  From two similarly designed, ongoing, longitudinal, case‐control family studies of pediatric BD (N = 327 families), we analyzed 338 children and adolescents [mean (± standard deviation) age: 12.00 ± 3.37 years]. We stratified them into three groups: healthy controls (N = 98), BD probands (N = 120), and their non‐affected siblings (N = 120). All families were comprehensively assessed with a structured psychiatric diagnostic interview for psychopathology and substance use. Mothers were directly questioned regarding the pregnancy, delivery, and infancy difficulties that occurred with each child using a module from the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents‐Parent Version (DICA‐P).Results:  Mothers of BD subjects were more likely to report difficulties during infancy than mothers of controls [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 6.6 (3.0, 14.6)]. Specifically, children with BD were more likely to have been reported as a stiffened infant [7.2 (1.1, 47.1)] and more likely to have experienced ‘other’ infantile difficulties [including acting colicky; 4.9 (1.3, 18.8)] compared to controls. We found no significant differences between groups in regards to obstetrical or perinatal difficulties (all p values > 0.05).Conclusions:  While our results add to previous literature on obstetrical and perinatal difficulties and BD, they also highlight characteristics in infancy that may be prognostic indicators for pediatric BD.
Comparative analysis of agro‐morphology, grain quality and aroma traits of traditional and Basmati‐type genotypes of rice, Oryza sativa L.
Authors: Roy Somnath , Banerjee Amrita , Senapati Bijoy K. , Sarkar Gurupada 
Published: May 2012

With 3 figures and 4 tablesAbstractThe purposes of this study were to assess the variation in agro‐morphological and grain quality traits among traditional and Basmati‐type aromatic/quality rices and to investigate plausible relationships between the traits. A set of 12 cultivars, comprising ten traditional and two Basmati types, were studied. Highest variation was observed for grains/panicle followed by grain yield/plant. Cluster analysis grouped all traditional cultivars except ‘Tulaipanji’, which clustered with Basmati varieties. Selection for long grain with slender shape will simultaneously increase amylose content and alkali spreading value or gelatinization temperature. Aroma score categorized rice varieties as mild and strongly aromatic, which also was similar to aroma genotyping with gene‐based marker for betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH2). Sequence analysis of BADH2 revealed that all strongly aromatic and two mild aromatic rice varieties contain characteristic 8‐bp deletion and three SNPs in exon 7 of BADH2 gene. Multiple alignment of the DNA sequences revealed the addition of AT in ‘Gobindabhog’ and a T/A SNP in ‘Gobindabhog’ and ‘Tulsibhog’ exon 8.
Near‐infrared reflectance calibrations for determining sucrose content in soybean breeding using artificial reference samples
Authors: Sato Takashi , Zahlner Viola , Berghofer Emmerich , Lošák Tomas , Vollmann Johann 
Published: May 2012

With 3 figures and 1 tableAbstractIn food‐grade soybeans for human nutrition, sucrose content is a character of interest apart from protein, because sucrose affects flavour and other soy‐food properties. As determination of sucrose content through separative or enzymatic methods is not suitable for analysing large numbers of samples, the objective of this research was to develop near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) calibrations for rapid screening of breeding lines for sucrose. Conventional soybean samples have a sucrose content of 30–60 g/kg, whereas high‐sucrose reference samples are lacking. Therefore, both natural and artificial (additional sucrose added) reference samples with a sucrose content of up to 140 g/kg were combined, and a NIRS calibration model was developed (cross‐validation R2 = 0.969) for sucrose. Utilizing wavelength ranges with homogeneous performance in both natural and artificial samples, a prediction model was obtained, which suggests a stable performance of the calibration over a wide range of sucrose concentrations. Thus, identification of high‐sucrose soybean introgressions should be possible in appropriate segregating populations.
Mesenchymal stem cells are a rescue approach for recovery of deteriorating kidney function
Authors: EL‐ANSARY MERVAT , SAADI GAMAL , ABD EL‐HAMID SAMAH M 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT:Aim:  Stem cell (SC) therapy for chronic kidney disease (CKD) is urgently needed. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is a possible new therapeutic modality. Our work aimed to isolate human MSC from adult bone marrow to improve kidney functions in CKD patients.Methods:  In our study 30 patients with impaired kidney function were included, their ages ranged from 22 to 68 years. They included 10 inactive glomerulonephritis patients due to systemic lupus erythromatosus (SLE) (group I), 10 renal transplantation cases (group II) and 10 patients of other aetiologies as the control group. Fifty millilitres of bone marrow was aspirated from the iliac bone, for separation of MSC.Results:  There was a highly statistically significant difference between both CD271 and CD29 before and after culture with increase of both markers at end of culture, P < 0.01. Finally 50–70 million MSC in 10 mL saline (0.7–1.0 × 106 MSC/kg body weight) were infused intravenously in two divided doses one week apart. There was a highly statistically significant difference between each of serum creatinine and creatinine clearance levels before and after MSC injection at 1, 3 and 6 months post‐infusion with SLE cases showing a greater decline of their serum creatinine and elevation of mean creatinine clearance levels after injection than transplantation and control groups, P < 0.05.Conclusion:  Mesenchymal stem cells therapy is a potential therapeutic modality for early phases of CKD.
Flow cytometric assessment of cytotype distributions within local populations of Phragmites australis (Poaceae) around Lake Biwa, the largest lake in Japan
Authors: NAKAGAWA MASATO , OHKAWA TOMOSHI , KANEKO YUKO 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPhragmites australis (Poaceae) is a clonal perennial that is an important component of wetland ecosystems worldwide. Using flow cytometry, we examined the cytotype distributions within five populations of P. australis located in the vicinity of Lake Biwa. As in previous reports, two ploidy levels, octoploid (2n = 8x = 96) and decaploid (2n = 10x = 120), were identified, which are assumed to be the main cytotypes around the lake. The coexistence of two cytotypes was detected in four of the five populations, suggesting the relatively common occurrence of mixed ploidy levels in the populations around Lake Biwa. Although intermingled cytotype distributions were observed in some populations, the 9x cytotype, that is, the expected outcome of inter‐cytotype crosses, was not observed, indicating limited gene flow between the two cytotypes.
Nosocomial transmission of community‐acquired methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a well‐infant nursery of a teaching hospital
Authors: Alsubaie Sarah , Bahkali Khawater , Somily Ali M. , Alzamil Fahad , Alrabiaah Abdulkareem , Alaska Abdulkareem , Alkhattaf Fatmah , Kambal Abdelmageed , Al‐Qahtani Ahmed A. , Al‐Ahdal Mohammed N. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:  Infection due to community‐acquired strains of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA‐MRSA) has been reported with increasing frequency. Herein is described the nosocomial transmission of CA‐MRSA involving 13 neonates and two mothers in a well‐infant nursery in a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia.Methods:  From October to November 2009, temporally related cases of CA‐MRSA skin and soft‐tissue infection occurred in newborns shortly after discharge from a well‐infant nursery. An outbreak investigation including case identification, review of medical records, staff screening, environmental cultures, pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis, and a case–control study were conducted. Controls were selected from among asymptomatic neonates admitted to the same nursery and matched for the day of admission.Results:  Fifteen subjects were found to be CA‐MRSA positive: 13 neonates and two mothers. The crude attack rate among neonates was 5.5% during the outbreak period. All 13 neonates presented with skin and soft‐tissue infection; one of the mothers had mastitis and a breast abscess. The source of the outbreak was not evident. Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis showed that all of the tested isolates from one strain except one, all contained the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV.Conclusion:  MRSA strains that initially emerged in the community are now causing disease in health‐care settings. Adherence to standard infection control practices, including consistent hand hygiene, in newborn nurseries is important to prevent transmission in such settings.
Intravenous fluid administration and monitoring for adult ward patients in a teaching hospital
Authors: Eastwood Glenn M. , Peck Leah , Young Helen , Prowle John , Vasudevan Vandana , Jones Daryl , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMany acutely unwell, hospitalized patients receive continuous intravenous (IV) fluids. Complications of IV fluid administration include electrolyte abnormalities and fluid overload, which be detected by appropriate IV fluid administration and monitoring practices. This prospective clinical audit described the administration and monitoring of maintenance IV fluid in ward patients in an Australian tertiary teaching hospital. Of 332 inpatients (98%), 85 (26%) were receiving IV fluids. Serum electrolyte and renal function measurements were obtained in 85% versus 65% of patients receiving IV fluids versus no IV fluids (P < 0.001). Fluid balance charts were being maintained for 94% versus 44% of patients receiving IV fluids versus no IV fluids (P < 0.001). Body weight measurements were documented for 15% versus 14% for patients receiving IV fluids versus no IV fluids (P = 0.078). Findings show that approximately one‐quarter of adult ward patients in our hospital received IV fluids. Monitoring of such patients using regular blood tests and fluid balance charts is high, but patient weight measurements are low. Why hospitalized patients who require maintenance IV fluids do not have regular body weight measurements requires further investigation.
Cyclooxygenase 2 and prostaglandin E2 regulate the attachment of calcium oxalate crystals to renal epithelial cells
Authors: Miyazawa Katsuhito , Takahashi Yoshitaka , Morita Nobuyo , Moriyama Manabu T , Kosaka Takeo , Nishio Matomo , Yoshimoto Tanihiro , Suzuki Koji 
Published: May 2012

Objective:  To determine the roles of endogenous cyclooxygenase 2 and prostaglandin E2 in crystal‐cell binding, which is considered to be an important step in the development of intratubular nephrocalcinosis.Methods:  An expression plasmid for human cyclooxygenase 2 was introduced into Madin–Darby canine kidney cells using the lipofection method. Cyclooxygenase activity was measured using thin‐layer chromatography, and the prostaglandin E2 concentration was determined with an enzyme immunoassay. In addition, crystal attachment was evaluated with a liquid scintillation counter using [14C] calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals, and immunohistochemistry and an enzyme immunoassay were used to analyze and quantify the expression of hyaluronan, a crystal‐binding molecule.Results:  Cyclooxygenase 2‐overexpressing Madin–Darby canine kidney cells produced about 10‐fold more prostaglandin E2 than wild‐type Madin–Darby canine kidney cells, and their hyaluronan production was also upregulated. The attachment of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals to cyclooxygenase 2‐overexpressing Madin–Darby canine kidney cells was significantly reduced compared with their attachment to wild‐type and mock‐transfected Madin–Darby canine kidney cells. Pre‐incubation of the cyclooxygenase 2‐overexpressing cells, as well as the mock‐transfected and wild‐type cells with the cyclooxygenase 2 selective inhibitor etodolac, increased the cellular attachment of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals in a dose‐dependent manner.Conclusions:  These findings suggest that cyclooxygenase 2 expression and the resultant increase in endogenous prostaglandin E2, leading to increased hyaluronan production, help to prevent nephrocalcinosis by inhibiting the attachment of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals to the surface of renal epithelial cells.
Coping focus counselling in mental health nursing
Authors: Shanley Eamon , Jubb‐Shanley Maureen 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper was to describe a newly‐developed system of mental health nurse counselling (coping focus counselling (CFC)) for people with serious and complex mental health needs. The system is based on the recovery alliance theory (RAT) of mental health nursing. The paper identifies shortcomings in current practices in psychotherapy and counselling in the exclusive use of techniques from a single approach, for example, cognitive behaviour therapy, client‐centred therapy, attachment theory, or Gestalt theory. It also discusses the opposite dangers of the use of many techniques from different approaches, without a clear rationale for their selection. CFC was developed to avoid these practices. It accommodates the selective use of techniques from different approaches. Techniques selected are viewed as deriving their meanings from the theoretical framework into which they are assimilated, namely RAT, and no longer take the same meaning from the theory from which they originated. Central to this integrative process is the use of the concept of coping. Other distinguishing features of CFC are the use of everyday language in using the system and the reaffirmation of the nurse–client relationship within a working alliance as the basis in which the CFC operates.
Long‐term survival in patients with clear cell adenocarcinoma of ovary treated with irinotecan hydrochloride plus cisplatin therapy as first‐line chemotherapy
Authors: Kunito Shiro , Takakura Satoshi , Nagata Chie , Saito Motoaki , Yanaihara Nozomu , Yamada Kyosuke , Okamoto Aikou , Sasaki Hiroshi , Ochiai Kazunori , Tanaka Tadao 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  Several previous reports showed that irinotecan hydrochloride plus cisplatin (CPT‐P) was a candidate first‐line chemotherapy regimen for clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary (CCC). However, long‐term survival in CCC patients treated with CPT‐P as first‐line chemotherapy remains to be determined. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long‐term results of CPT‐P as first‐line chemotherapy for CCC.Material and Methods:  We performed a retrospective review of 31 patients with CCC who were treated with CPT‐P between 1996 and 2004.Results:  The median follow‐up period was 91 months. The estimated 8‐year overall survival (OS) rate in all patients was 64.5%, while the rate in 18 stage I, 21 stage I/II, and 10 stage III/IV patients was 88.9%, 85.7%, and 20.0%, respectively. The estimated 8‐year OS rate in patients with pT1/pT2 disease was 87.0%, while the 3‐year OS rate in patients with pT3 disease was 0%. Univariate analysis using the log–rank test revealed that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance‐status 1, pT3 stage, and presence of residual disease (stage II‐IV) were significantly correlated with shortened patient survival. Multiple regression analysis revealed that pT3 predicted worse OS in patients with CCC than pT1 (P < 0.001) or pT2 disease (P < 0.005).Conclusion:  The long‐term results suggest CPT‐P as a candidate in first‐line chemotherapy for CCC in not only stage I, but also in optimally debulked stage II‐IV patients with pT1/pT2 disease.
Large protruding bladder stone
Authors: Smrkolj Spela , Sedlar Ales , Smrkolj Tomaz 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe present a unique case of a large urinary bladder stone protruding through the external urethral meatus in a 77‐year‐old woman, which was causing acute urinary retention, complicated by bilateral hydronephrosis, and was removed under topical anesthesia in the emergency department. Epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation and management of urinary bladder stones are briefly discussed.