bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-Related Nonadherence to Medications Among Patients With Diabetes and Chronic Pain
Authors: Kurlander Jacob E. , Kerr Eve A. , Krein Sarah , Heisler Michele , Piette John D. 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE
In the face of financial constraints, diabetic patients may forgo prescribed medications, causing negative health effects. This study examined how cost and noncost factors are associated with patterns of cost-related nonadherence to medications (CRN).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a cross-sectional survey of patients using medications for both diabetes and chronic pain (n = 245). Patients reported their income, out-of-pocket medication costs, education level, depressive symptoms, and medication-related beliefs and whether they cut back because of cost on 1) both diabetes and pain medications, 2) diabetes medications only, 3) pain medications only, or 4) neither. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model patients' adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of falling into these four possible categories.

RESULTS
Of the patients, 9% cut back on medications for both conditions, 13% cut back on diabetes medications alone, and 9% cut back on pain medications alone. Income &lt;20,000 USD (AOR = 5.7, P = 0.008) and monthly medication costs &gt;50 USD (AOR = 3.9, P = 0.02) increased patients' odds of CRN for both conditions versus neither. Low-income patients also were more likely to selectively forgo pain medications (AOR = 9.1, P = 0.001) but not diabetes medications (AOR = 2.1, P = 0.12). More depressive symptoms (AOR = 1.6, P = 0.006) and negative medication-related beliefs (AOR = 1.7, P = 0.02) increased patients' odds of cutting back selectively on medications for diabetes but not pain.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients who forgo medications for both diabetes and chronic pain appear to be influenced primarily by economic pressures, whereas patients who cut back selectively on their diabetes treatments are influenced by their mood and medication beliefs. Our findings point toward more targeted strategies to assist diabetic patients who experience CRN.
Physical Therapists’ Management of Patients in the Acute Care Setting: An Observational Study
Authors: Jette Diane U. , Brown Rebecca , Collette Nicole , Friant Wendy , Graves Lloyd 
Published: September 2009

BackgroundPrevious literature has not fully described physical therapists’ management of patients across diagnoses in the acute care setting or how that management might vary by facility.ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were to describe patient management by physical therapists in the acute care setting and to examine variations in patient management across facilities.DesignThis was an observational study.MethodsFifty clinicians practicing at 3 academic medical centers in the northeastern United States agreed to participate. Over a 2-week period, clinicians completed checklists indicating the details of patient visits. Logistic analyses, controlling for patient age and diagnosis and accounting for clustering of data, were conducted to examine the odds of patients having several categories of examinations, goals, and interventions.ResultsParticipants provided 2,364 visits to 896 patients. More than 75% of patients in each facility received examinations, goals, and interventions related to functional ability. Median number of visits per patient, duration of visits, and number of visits in which the patient was not treated varied across facilities. Patients with orthopedic conditions were more likely than those with medical/surgical conditions to receive several types of examinations, goals, and interventions. The odds of patients having examinations, goals, and interventions related to functional abilities were greater in facility 2 than in facility 1.LimitationsLimitations include the convenience sample, use of an untested data collection tool, and use of only age and diagnosis to control for case mix.ConclusionThis study of physical therapist practice in 3 acute care facilities suggests that patient management focuses on functional activity. There was no clear pattern of examinations, goals, and interventions related to specific diagnoses. A small degree of variation was found in practice across the facilities.
A dynamic nonlinear relationship between the static and pulsatile components of intracranial pressure in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Eide Per K. , Rapoport Benjamin I. , Gormley William B. , Madsen Joseph R. 
Published: September 2009

Object
In the search for optimal monitoring and predictive tools in neurocritical care, the relationship of the pulsatile component of intracranial pressure (ICP) and the pressure itself has long been of great interest. Higher pressure often correlates with a higher pulsatile response to the heartbeat, interpreted as a type of compliance curve. Various mathematical approaches have been used, but regardless of the formula used, it is implicitly assumed that a reproducible curve exists. The authors investigated the stability of the correlation between static and pulsatile ICPs in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) who were observed for several hours by using data sets large enough to allow such calculations to be made.

Methods
The ICP recordings were obtained in 39 patients with SAH and were parsed into 6-second time windows (1,998,944 windows in 197 recordings). The ICP parameters were computed for each window as follows: static ICP was defined as the mean ICP, and pulsatile ICP was characterized by mean ICP wave amplitude, rise time, and rise time coefficient.

Results
The mean ICP and ICP wave amplitudes were simultaneously high or low (the expected correlation) in only ~ 60% of observations. Furthermore, static and pulsatile ICP correlated well only over short intervals; the degree of correlation weakened over periods of hours and was inconsistent across patients and within individual patients over time. Decorrelation originated with abrupt shifting and gradual drifting of mean ICP and ICP wave amplitude over several hours.

Conclusions
The relationship between the static and pulsatile components of ICPs changes over time. It evolves, even in individual patients, over a number of hours. This can be one reason the observation of high pulsatile ICP (indicative of reduced intracranial compliance) despite normal mean ICP that is seen in some patients with SAH. The meaning and potential clinical usefulness of such changes in the curves is uncertain, but it implies that clinical events result not only from moving further out on a compliance curve; in practice, the curve, and the biological system that underlies the curve, may itself change.
Collagen Cross-Linking in Early Keratoconus With Riboflavin in a Femtosecond Laser-Created Pocket: Initial Clinical Results
Authors: Kanellopoulos Anastasios John 
Published: September 2009

Purpose:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel femtosecond laser-assisted technique for intrastromal administation of riboflavin and higher fluence ultraviolet A (UVA) light in collagen cross-linking (CXL) for keratoconus.Methods:Ten eyes with early keratoconus were treated with CXL and followed for a mean of 26 months (range: 18 to 36 months). Using a femtosecond laser, a 100-µm deep, 7-mm diameter intrastromal pocket was created. Two 0.1-mL doses of 0.1% riboflavin solution were infused into the pocket and the cornea was irradiated with 7 mW/cm2UVA light of mean 370 nm wavelength for 15 minutes.Results:Mean uncorrected visual acuity improved from 20/40.5 to 20/32.5, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was unchanged at 20/20, mean sphere was reduced by 0.50 diopters (D), mean cylinder was reduced by 0.90 D, and maximum mean keratometry (K) reduced from 48.70 to 47.90 D. No ectasia progression (defined as increase in K over 3-month followup) and no statistically significant change in endothelial cell count was noted during follow-up. The mean thinnest corneal thickness appeared to initially reduce but the mean returned to at least the preoperative level by 18 months. All patients returned to full activities within 1 day postoperative. No adverse effects were noted in any of the cases studied.Conclusions:This novel epithelium-sparing, rapid soak-and-treat method of intrastromal riboflavin instillation and higher fluence UVA light for CXL appears to be safe and effective. No negative biomechanical effect (ectasia/epithelial ingrowth) was noted due to the femtosecond laser–created pocket. Because minimal epithelial injury occurs using this technique, postoperative pain appears to be significantly reduced.[J Refract Surg.2009;25:1034–1037.]
Work-readiness skills in the Fasset Sector
Authors: Raftopoulos Melandi , Coetzee Sanet , Visser Deléne 
Published: September 2009

The objective of the study was to determine the work -readiness skills that are regarded as important by employers and graduates in the Fasset Sector of South Africa. A cross-sectional survey design was used to achieve this objective. Two convenience samples, namely 24 employers and 333 graduates, completed the Work Readiness Skills Scale. This scale was validated as a one-factor model with an alpha coeffcient of 0.88. Oral and written communication, self-discipline, time management, interpersonal skills and teamwork, problem-solving skills and positive work ethic were rated as important skills for securing employment in this sector by employers and graduates alike. In addition, employers valued numeracy skills and motivation, whereas graduates regarded confidence and leadership skills as important. The results have implications for the curriculum design of the Fasset Work Readiness Programme presented to graduates in this industry.
Fabrication of Flexible Binary Amplitude Masks for Patterning on Highly Curved Surfaces
Authors: Bowen Audrey M. , Nuzzo Ralph G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper describes soft lithography methods that expand current fabrication capabilities by enabling high‐throughput patterning on nonplanar substrates. These techniques exploit optically dense elastomeric mask elements embedded in a transparent poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) matrix by vacuum‐assisted microfluidic patterning, UV–ozone‐mediated irreversible sealing, and chemical etching. These protocols provide highly flexible photomasks exhibiting either positive‐ or negative‐image contrasts, which serve as amplitude masks for large‐area photolithographic patterning on a variety of curved (and planar) surfaces. When patterning on cylindrical surfaces, the developed masks do not experience significant pattern distortions. For substrates with 3D curvatures/geometries, however, the PDMS mask must undergo relatively large strains in order to make conformal contact. The new methods described in this report provide planar masks that can be patterned to compliantly compensate for both the displacements and distortions of features that result from stretching the mask to span the 3D geometry. To demonstrate this, a distortion‐corrected grid pattern mask was fabricated and used in conjunction with a homemade inflation device to pattern an electrode mesh on a glass hemisphere with predictable registration and distortion compensation. The showcased mask fabrication processes are compatible with a broad range of substrates, illustrating the potential for development of complex lithographic patterns for a variety of applications in the realm of curved electronics (i.e., synthetic retinal implants and curved LED arrays) and wide field‐of‐view optics.
A sequence optimization strategy for chromatographic separation in reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Du Xueling , Li Ye , Yuan Qipeng 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA sequence optimization strategy combining an artificial neural network (ANN) and a chromatographic response function (CRF) for chromatographic separation in reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography has been proposed. Experiments were appropriately designed to obtain unbiased data concerning the effects of varying the mobile phase composition, flow‐rate, and temperature. The ANN was then used to simultaneously predict the resolution and analysis time, which are the two most important features of chromatographic separation. Subsequently, a CRF consisting of resolution and analysis time was used to predict the optimum operating conditions for different specialized purposes. The experimental chromatograms were consistent with those predicted for given conditions, which verified the applicability of the method. Furthermore, the proposed optimization strategy was applied to literature data and very good agreement was obtained. The results show that a strategy of sequential combination of ANN and CRF can provide a more flexible and efficient optimization method for chromatographic separation. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Development of historical exposure estimates of cosmic radiation and circadian rhythm disruption for cohort studies of Pan Am flight attendants
Authors: Waters Martha A. , Grajewski Barbara , Pinkerton Lynne E. , Hein Misty J. , Zivkovich Zachary 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health is conducting cohort studies of flight crew employed by the former Pan American World Airways company (Pan Am) as part of an effort to examine flight crew workplace exposures and health effects. Flight crew are exposed to elevated levels of cosmic radiation and to disruption of circadian rhythm when flying across multiple time zones. Methods exist to calculate cosmic radiation effective doses on individual flights; however, only work histories which provided an employee's domicile (home base) history rather than a record of every flight flown were available.Methods/ResultsWe developed a method for estimating individual cumulative domicile‐based cosmic radiation effective doses and two metrics for circadian rhythm disruption for each flight attendant: cumulative times zones crossed and cumulative travel time during the standard sleep interval.ConclusionsThe domicile‐exposure matrix developed was used to calculate exposure estimates for a cohort mortality study of former Pan Am flight attendants. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:751–761, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Language preference and non‐traumatic low back disorders in washington state workers' compensation
Authors: Bonauto David K. , Smith Caroline K. , Adams Darrin A. , Fan Z. Joyce , Silverstein Barbara A. , Foley Michael P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundWorkers in the United States with limited English proficiency likely perform more hazardous work, experience higher rates of work‐related injury and illness, and have worse disability outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive study of employment characteristics, timeliness and utilization of workers' compensation (WC) insurance benefits, cost and occupational health outcomes for Washington State WC state fund, non‐traumatic low back disorders (LBD) claimants by language preference.ResultsA greater proportion of Spanish language preferring (SLP) LBD claims filed were accepted and resulted in lost work time than English language preferring (ELP) LBD claims. There were significant differences in the demographic, employment, and occupational characteristics between the SLP and ELP compensable claimant populations. The SLP LBD compensable claimants had greater time loss duration, greater medical and total claim costs, more use of physical therapy and vocational services than the ELP LBD compensable claimants. With the exception of the timeliness for providing the first time loss payment, the time periods for provision of insurance benefits did not differ between the SLP and ELP populations. SLP compensable claimants received less back surgery and had comparable permanent partial disability payments to the ELP population. Employers were more likely to protest the acceptance of a SLP compensable than one in an ELP LBD compensable claim.ConclusionFor those injured workers accessing the Washington State WC system, we observed differences based on language preference for pre‐injury, and workers compensation outcomes. Further research is needed to explain the observed differences. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:204–215 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erratum: Validation of self‐reported occupational exposures in meatpacking workers
Authors: Lander Lina , Sorock Gary , Stentz Terry L. , Eisen Ellen A. , Mittleman Murray , Hauser Russ , Perry Melissa J. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract“When this article was originally published in Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:707–715, 2009, it contained an error on page no. 708, line no. 3 under the heading Study Population. The corrected line appears on the next page. The author deeply regrets the error.”
Social behavior in fission–fusion groups of red uakari monkeys (Cacajao calvus ucayalii)
Authors: Bowler Mark , Bodmer Richard 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPrimates living in large groups that divide to forage must have social systems compatible with this mode of living. Uakari monkeys (Cacajaospp.) live in large groups and exhibit a form of fission–fusion grouping, but their social organization is poorly understood. We present some of the first data on social behavior for this genus based on a study onCacajao calvus ucayalii. They traveled in multimale multifemale groups of highly variable sizes, with bachelor units on the periphery. Adult males were affiliative, and adult females associated with more than one adult male. Adult females typically traveled with their dependent offspring and an older juvenile within the group. In parties of two or more males, individuals engaged in previously unreported display behaviors and acted together to aggressively chase other males. Breeding was seasonal, and mating occurred away from other group members. We speculate on the social organization ofC. calvus ucayalii, in which dispersal may be bisexual and peripheral males are affiliative with one another. Affiliated males appear to cooperate in fighting and displaying to other males for access to females during the breeding season. Am. J. Primatol. 71:976–987, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The strategic use of sex in wild female western gorillas
Authors: Doran‐Sheehy Diane M. , Fernández David , Borries Carola 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHuman females, unlike most mammals, are sexually active outside of fertile periods. This decoupling of sexual behavior from its conceptive function has had an enormous impact on human social relationships, and yet we know little about why there was selection for nonconceptive mating. Here we examine one form of nonconceptive mating, the mating that occurs during pregnancy or post‐conceptive (PC) mating, in wild western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla). Using a near complete mating record for five females during gestation, we show that pregnant females varied in the timing and frequency of mating, and used PC mating conditionally, synchronizing copulations to occur on days when other females mated, and refraining from mating for lengthy periods when no other females mated. As pregnant females mated exclusively with the same male before and after conception, and mated in response to group female (and not male) behavior, we conclude that western gorillas used PC mating as a form of female competition, and not to confuse paternity or to obtain immediate benefits from the male, as suggested earlier. The male initiated copulations preferentially with females of high rank, rather than distinguishing between pregnant and cycling females. Therefore, PC mating appears to be a strategy by which high‐ranking pregnant females attempt to minimize male interest in other females, while reinforcing their own status and potentially delaying conception in others. These findings indicate that female‐mating competition is more important than considered earlier, and may be a factor in the evolution of nonconceptive mating in humans. Am. J. Primatol. 71:1011–1020, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Muscle magnetic resonance imaging involvement in muscular dystrophies with rigidity of the spine
Authors: Mercuri Eugenio , Clements Emma , Offiah Amaka , Pichiecchio Anna , Vasco Gessica , Bianco Flaviana , Berardinelli Angela , Manzur Adnan , Pane Marika , Messina Sonia , Gualandi Francesca , Ricci Enzo , Rutherford Mary , Muntoni Francesco 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate whether the visual analysis of muscle magnetic resonance imaging scans can identify specific patterns of muscle involvement.MethodsWe assessed scans from 83 patients with muscle disorders characterized by rigidity of the spine secondary to mutations in 4 different genes. The conditions studied were rigid spine syndrome (SEPN1 defects), Bethlem myopathy, and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, allelic disorders caused by Col6A1, Col6A2, and Col6A3 mutations, the autosomal dominant form of Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (LMNA defects) and calpain‐deficient limb girdle muscular dystrophy (CAPN3 defects). The scans of 25 patients affected by other myopathies were also reviewed as a control group. The scans were compared with the previously described patterns.ResultsIn 82% of the scans in the study group (68/83) the patterns were classified as “typical” of 1 of the 5 forms studied, and in 7 (8%) were consistent with 1 of the reported patterns but not entirely typical. With one exception, the patterns identified were always consistent with the appropriate genetic diagnosis. The remaining scans (9%) had only minimal changes and were uninformative. None of the scans of the 25 patients in the control group had patterns that could be classified as typical of the 5 forms examined. The sensitivity to detect selective patterns in relation to the genetic diagnosis was 0.9.InterpretationThese findings suggest that muscle magnetic resonance imaging could be used in clinical practice as an additional tool in the differential diagnosis of muscle disorders with prominent spinal rigidity. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:201–208
High‐frequency electroencephalographic oscillations correlate with outcome of epilepsy surgery
Authors: Jacobs Julia , Zijlmans Maeike , Zelmann Rina , Chatillon Claude‐Édouard , Hall Jeffrey , Olivier André , Dubeau François , Gotman Jean 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveHigh‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) in the intracerebral electroencephalogram (EEG) have been linked to the seizure onset zone (SOZ). We investigated whether HFOs can delineate epileptogenic areas even outside the SOZ by correlating the resection of HFO‐generating areas with surgical outcome.MethodsTwenty patients who underwent a surgical resection for medically intractable epilepsy were studied. All had presurgical intracerebral EEG (500Hz filter and 2,000Hz sampling rate), at least 12‐month postsurgical follow‐up, and a postsurgical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). HFOs (ripples, 80–250Hz; fast ripples, >250Hz) were identified visually during 5 to 10 minutes of slow‐wave sleep. Rates and extent of HFOs and interictal spikes in resected versus nonresected areas, assessed on postsurgical MRIs, were compared with surgical outcome (Engel's classification). We also evaluated the predictive value of removing the SOZ in terms of surgical outcome.ResultsThe mean duration of follow‐up was 22.7 months. Eight patients had good (Engel classes 1 and 2) and 12 poor (classes 3 and 4) surgical outcomes. Patients with a good outcome had a significantly larger proportion of HFO‐generating areas removed than patients with a poor outcome. No such difference was seen for spike‐generating regions or the SOZ.InterpretationThe correlation between removal of HFO‐generating areas and good surgical outcome indicates that HFOs could be used as a marker of epileptogenicity and may be more accurate than spike‐generating areas or the SOZ. In patients in whom the majority of HFO‐generating tissue remained, a poor surgical outcome occurred. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:209–220