bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NK Cell Tolerance to TLR Agonists Mediated by Regulatory T Cells after Polymicrobial Sepsis
Authors: Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes Fernando , Parlato Marianna , Fitting Catherine , Cavaillon Jean-Marc , Adib-Conquy Minou 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
As sensors of infection, innate immune cells are able to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns by receptors such as TLRs. NK cells present in many tissues contribute to inflammatory processes, particularly through the production of IFN-γ. They may display a protective role during infection but also a detrimental role during sterile or infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Nevertheless, the exact status of NK cells during bacterial sepsis and their capacity directly to respond to TLR agonists remain unclear. The expression of TLRs in NK cells has been widely studied by analyzing the mRNA of these receptors. The aim of this study was to gain insight into TLR2/TLR4/TLR9 expression on/in murine NK cells at the protein level and determine if their agonists were able to induce cytokine production. We show, by flow cytometry, a strong intracellular expression of TLR2 and a low of TLR4 in freshly isolated murine spleen NK cells, similar to that of TLR9. In vitro, purified NK cells respond to TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 agonists, in synergy with activating cytokines (IL-2, IL-15, and/or IL-18), and produce proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ and GM-CSF). Finally, we explored the possible tolerance of NK cells to TLR agonists after a polymicrobial sepsis (experimental peritonitis). For the first time, to our knowledge, NK cells are shown to become tolerant in terms of proinflammatory cytokines production after sepsis. We show that this tolerance is associated with a reduction of the CD27+CD11b− subset in the spleen related to the presence of regulatory T cells and mainly mediated by TGF-β.
Clinical and Biological Significance of Cathepsin D Levels in Breast Cancer Cytosol in Women over 70 years
Authors: Ruibal Alvaro , Herranz Michel , Arias José Ignacio 
Published: May 2012

Objective To study cytosolic cathepsin D behavior and possible relationship with other clinical and biological parameters in women affected by breast invasive ductal carcinomas and older than 70 years (range: 71–88). Material and methods cytosolic levels of cathepsin D were determined by an Immunoradiometric Assay (IRMA-CIS France). Clinical and biological factors analyzed were: size, axillary lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, histological grade, ploidy, S phase cell, cytosolic estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and pS2, and concentrations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in cell membranes. Results Cathepsin D concentrations ranged between 13 and 1228 pmol/mg prot. Median value of 41 was considered as threshold of positivity. Cathepsin D positive tumors showed higher S-phase values ( P = 0.046) and were most often histological grade III ( P = 0.047). However, the most important finding was the existence of a positive correlation (r = 0.51786) and statistically significant ( P < 0.05) between S-phase values and cathepsin D in the overall group of tumors, and those ER+, but not in ER-. We determined cathepsin D concentrations in 131 women with invasive ductal breast carcinomas, but aged between 50 and 70 years (median 61) and we did not find differences based on those values in women >70 years. In addition, we found no correlation between S-phase values and Cathepsin D, both overall and in relation with hormone dependence (ER). Conclusions Those results led us to the following conclusions: (1) cytosolic concentrations of cathepsin D in invasive infiltrating breast carcinomas in women over 70 are similar to those seen in women with the same type of tumor, but aged 50 to 70 years and are associated with increased cell proliferation measured by S phase, and histological grade III; (2) in women older than 70 years, cathepsin D concentrations are statistically significantly correlated with phase synthesis values in hormone-dependent tumors, but not in hormone-independent, fact not observed in infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas of women aged between 50 and 70. This could reflect a different mitogenic role of the aspartyl protease enzyme linked to hormone dependence as age function parameter.
KENNEDY, KENNEDY, AND THE EIGHTH AMENDMENT: “STILL IN SEARCH OF A UNIFYING PRINCIPLE”?
Authors: Raeker-Jordan Susan 
Published: May 2012

In Kennedy v. Louisiana, the United States Supreme Court held unconstitutional a state law that provided for the imposition of death upon one convicted of raping, but not killing or attempting to kill, a child. Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote the opinion for the Court, in which the majority, employing various analytical tools, brought its "own judgment" to bear on the excessiveness, and therefore the constitutionality, of the death sentence under the Eighth Amendment's Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause. In emphasizing the Court's use of its own judgment in making the determination of excessiveness or disproportionality, Justice Kennedy and the majority risked the same public and internal dissenting Court criticisms that accompanied previous death penalty opinions in which Court majorities and pluralities similarly employed their own judgments. In the sharp divide over these issues, critics have accused those jurists of disguising their personal views of morality as the doctrinal application of their "own judgment" on these questions. This article argues that despite the criticisms and despite the Court's statement that at least some of its capital punishment case law is "still in search of a unifying principle," there is a precedential thread unifying and justifying the Court's own assessment of excessiveness under the Eighth Amendment. Historical analysis of the Court's Eighth Amendment statements shows that the clear thread in the cases is respect for human dignity and restraint, which plays out through the Amendment's proportionality guarantee. The Court's application of that guarantee against excessiveness has, time and again, invoked the Court's own judgment, based on contemporary knowledge of punishment, of punishment's goals, and about decency in punishment. This article argues that that approach is sound and historically rooted, and that the Court should continue to apply its own judgment about decency, excessiveness, and proportionality, despite criticisms from the Court's conservative members about personal predilections.
The Late Fourteenth-Century Renaissance of Anglo-Latin Rhetoric
Authors: Camargo Martin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMost of the medieval arts of poetry and prose were written before the middle of the thirteenth century, but their dissemination was not uniform in all parts of Europe. In England, the surviving copies of a work such as Geoffrey of Vinsauf's Poetria nova taper off notably toward the end of the thirteenth century, and the numbers do not begin to pick up again until the last quarter of the fourteenth century. This pattern is no accident of preservation but reflects a significant revival of interest in Latin rhetoric and literature, centered at Oxford in the late fourteenth century. The characteristic literary materials and rhetorical methods of this renaissance resonated beyond the university environment and are reflected with striking precision in the references to rhetoric scattered throughout the vernacular poetry of Geoffrey Chaucer.
Philosophy and Rhetoric in Lincoln's First Inaugural Address
Authors: Zarefsky David 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLincoln's First Inaugural Address was not designed to coax the seceded states back into the Union, because he never conceded that they had left. Rather, he sought to define the situation so that, if war broke out, the seceders would be cast as the aggressors and the federal government as acting in self-defense. To this end, he presented a principled case against the legitimacy or even possibility of secession while applying the arguments to the exigence at hand. He identifies the cause of the trouble as “unwarranted apprehension” among the southern states, announces his policy as a minimalist assertion of national sovereignty, and urges that disaffected southerners not act in haste to threaten that sovereignty further. Not only does he explicitly call for slowing down the push to war but the speech itself enacts a slowing of time. In sum, the First Inaugural illustrates both Lincoln's philosophical grounding and his rhetorical dexterity.
Single-stage laryngotracheal reconstruction for the treatment of subglottic stenosis in children
Authors: Smith Mariana Magnus , Manica Denise , Meotti Camila Degen , Eneas Larissa Valency , Kuhl Gabriel , Marostica Paulo Jose Cauduro , Schweiger Cláudia 
Published: May 2012

Summary
Introduction: In recent decades, airway reconstruction has become the treatment of choice for subglottic stenosis (SGS) in children, which is performed in either single or multiple stages. However, there is evidence in the literature that single-stage surgery is more effective.
Objective: To evaluate the success rate of single-stage laryngotracheoplasty (LTP) and cricotracheal resection (CTR) in patients that were treated in our hospital.
Materials and Method: We performed a retrospective study of children undergoing laryngotracheal reconstruction.
Results: Twenty-four children were included. The etiology of SGS was postintubation in 91.6% and congenital in 8.3%. One patient (4.2%) had grade 4 SGS, 17 (70.8%) presented with grade 3 SGS, 4 (16.6%) had grade 2 SGS, 1 (4.2%) had grade 3 SGS associated with glottic stenosis, and 1 (4.2%) had grade 3 SGS with tracheal stenosis. We performed 26 LTPs and 3 CTRs. Decannulation rates were 66% in the CTR procedures and 85.7% in the LTP procedures; the overall decannulation rate was 83.3%. All children presented with fever in the postoperative period, but were afebrile after the tube was removed.
Conclusion: Our series showed a decannulation rate of 83.3%.
A study of the high-frequency hearing thresholds of dentistry professionals
Authors: de Melo Ana Dolores Passarelli , Santos Cibele Carmelo , Lopes Andréa Cintra 
Published: May 2012

Summary
Introduction: In the dentistry practice, dentists are exposed to harmful effects caused by several factors, such as the noise produced by their work instruments. In 1959, the American Dental Association recommended periodical hearing assessments and the use of ear protectors. Aquiring more information regarding dentists', dental nurses', and prosthodontists' hearing abilities is necessary to propose prevention measures and early treatment strategies.
Objective: To investigate the auditory thresholds of dentists, dental nurses, and prosthodontists.
Method: In this clinical and experimental study, 44 dentists (Group I; GI), 36 dental nurses (Group II; GII), and 28 prosthodontists (Group III; GIII) were included, , with a total of 108 professionals. The procedures that were performed included a specific interview, ear canal inspection, conventional and high-frequency threshold audiometry, a speech reception threshold test, and an acoustic impedance test.
Results: In the 3 groups that were tested, the comparison between the mean hearing thresholds provided evidence of worsened hearing ability relative to the increase in frequency. For the tritonal mean at 500 to 2,000 Hz and 3,000 to 6,000 Hz, GIII presented the worst thresholds. For the mean of the high frequencies (9,000 and 16,000 Hz), GII presented the worst thresholds.
Conclusion: The conventional hearing threshold evaluation did not demonstrate alterations in the 3 groups that were tested; however, the complementary tests such as high-frequency audiometry provided greater efficacy in the early detection of hearing problems, since this population's hearing loss impaired hearing ability at frequencies that are not tested by the conventional tests. Therefore, we emphasize the need of utilizing high-frequency threshold audiometry in the hearing assessment routine in combination with other audiological tests.
Audition and exhibition to toluene - a contribution for the theme
Authors: Kulay Luiz Alexandre , Franco Eloisa Sartori , Augusto Lívia Sanches Calvi 
Published: May 2012

Summary
Introduction: With the technological advances and the changes in the productive processes, the workers are displayed the different physical and chemical agents in its labor environment. The toluene is solvent an organic gift in glues, inks, oils, amongst others.
Objective: To compare solvent the literary findings that evidence that diligent displayed simultaneously the noise and they have greater probability to develop an auditory loss of peripheral origin.
Method: Revision of literature regarding the occupational auditory loss in displayed workers the noise and toluene.
Results: The isolated exposition to the toluene also can unchain an alteration of the auditory thresholds. These audiometric findings, for ototoxicity the exposition to the toluene, present similar audiograms to the one for exposition to the noise, what it becomes difficult to differentiate a audiometric result of agreed exposition - noise and toluene - and exposition only to the noise.
Conclusion: The majority of the studies was projected to generate hypotheses and would have to be considered as preliminary steps of an additional research. Until today the agents in the environment of work and its effect they have been studied in isolated way and the limits of tolerance of these, do not consider the agreed expositions. Considering that the workers are displayed the multiples agent and that the auditory loss is irreversible, the implemented tests must be more complete and all the workers must be part of the program of auditory prevention exactly displayed the low doses of the recommended limit of exposition.
Fungus ball of the paranasal sinuses: Report of two cases and literature review
Authors: Bosi Guilherme Rasia , de Braga Gustavo Lisbôa , de Almeida Tobias Skrebsky , de Carli Adriana 
Published: May 2012

Summary
Introduction: Fungal ball of the sinuses is a not invasive infection that if characterizes for its chronicity, being the majority related with previous endodontic treatment. Affect mainly the breasts to maxillary; even so all the breasts can be involved. The main etiological agent is the Aspergillus spp. The computed tomography, had to characteristic the radiological presentations, suggests the diagnosis that is carried through definitively through histopathological analyses. The treatment standard-gold is the sinus surgery with average meatal antrostomy.
Objective: Reporting two cases of fungal ball of the sinuses and to stand out important aspects of this pathology.
Story of the Cases: Case 1) Patient of the feminine sex, 78 years old, presented itself with complaints of face pain has 6 months and previous history of endodontic treatment. To the physical examination it was evidenced purulent secretion presence in left average meatus. Ray X presented complete veiling of the breasts to maxillary left, while the computed tomography showed injury calcified in this place. Sinusotomy was become fulfilled that evolved well. Case 2) Patient of the feminine sex, 70 years old, looked attendance for history of sinusitis of repetition. To the physical examination no particularity was not perceived. The computed tomography, as well as the magnetic resonance, detected thickening of the mucous wall of the breasts to maxillary left, beyond a calcified mass. It was become fulfilled same sequence of treatment and the patient also evolved well.
Final Considerations: The fungal infection must be considered in the patients who if present with chronic sinusitis, that they do not answer to the antibiotic use and that they possess history of endodontic manipulation.
Le développement du multisociétariat dans la coopération sociale en Italie
Authors: Pezzini Enzo , Zandonai Flaviano 
Published: May 2012

Le développement de la coopération sociale en Italie a connu un essor considérable et cette dernière peut être analysée selon plusieurs lectures complémentaires. Dans une première partie, l’article rappelle les raisons qui ont soutenu la naissance et l’évolution de ces organisations en partant d’une analyse « traditionnelle » présentant les données générales de la coopération sociale italienne sur la base de la dernière étude présentée par l’Institut national de la statistique (Istat). La deuxième partie décrit succinctement les facteurs de diversité qui sont à l’origine des parcours évolutifs des coopératives sociales. La troisième partie se concentre sur une variable particulière, le « multisociétariat », c’est-à-dire la diffusion dans les coopératives sociales des expériences de gouvernance ouvertes à différents types d’associés. Cette partie constitue l’objet principal de cette contribution. La quatrième et dernière partie contient diverses réflexions synthétiques, visant à déterminer quelques « trajectoires de développement » de la coopération sociale à court et moyen termes.
Therapeutic Window of Ligand‐Free Silver Nanoparticles in Agar‐Embedded and Colloidal State: In Vitro Bactericidal Effects and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Grade Sebastian , Eberhard Jörg , Wagener Philipp , Winkel Andreas , Sajti Csaba Laszlo , Barcikowski Stephan , Stiesch Meike 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe inhibition of bacterial growth through effective non‐toxic antimicrobial substances is of great importance for the prevention and therapy of implant infections in various medical disciplines. For the evaluation of a therapeutic window of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), their bactericidal properties were tested in agar composites and colloids on four medical relevant bacteria. Therefore, we produced AgNPs using high‐power nanosecond laser ablation in water showing a log‐normal particle diameter distribution centered at 17 nm. Bacteria were incubated with AgNP concentrations ranging from 5 to 70 µg · mL−1 and the growth rate was recorded. Additionally, cytotoxic effects of AgNPs on human gingival fibroblasts were examined. The experiments demonstrated that laser‐synthesized AgNPs resulted in a significant bacterial growth inhibition of more than 80% at the indicated concentrations in a solid agar model (Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10 µg · mL−1, Streptococcus salivarius 10 µg · mL−1, Escherichia coli 20 µg · mL−1, Staphylococcus aureus 70 µg · mL−1). In a planktonic bacteria model, the growth of the tested bacteria was significantly delayed by the addition of AgNPs at a concentration of 35 µg · mL−1. The cytotoxic assays showed limited adverse effects on human fibroblasts at concentrations of less than 20 µg · mL−1. The present study illustrates the strong antibacterial effects of ligand‐free, laser‐generated AgNPs that exhibit moderate cytotoxic effects, resulting in a therapeutically applicable concentration of AgNPs for medical purposes between 10 and 20 µg · mL−1.
Electron Holography Studies on Narrow Magnetic Domain Walls Observed in a Heusler Alloy Ni50Mn25Al12.5Ga12.5
Authors: Park Hyun Soon , Murakami Yasukazu , Yanagisawa Keiichi , Matsuda Tsuyoshi , Kainuma Ryosuke , Shindo Daisuke , Tonomura Akira 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPeculiar magnetic domain walls produced in Heusler alloys, which have attracted renewed interest due to their potential application to actuators and spintronic devices, are studied here using electron holography. The observations reveal unexpectedly narrow magnetic domain walls, the width of which showed perfect agreement with that of the antiphase boundaries (APB, e.g., only 3 nm). While the results can be explained by the significant depression of ferromagnetism due to the local chemical disorder, the electron phase shift indicates that ferromagnetic correlation still remains in the APB region.
Pyrolyzed Cobalt Corrole as a Potential Non‐Precious Catalyst for Fuel Cells
Authors: Huang Hsin‐Chih , Shown Indrajit , Chang Sun‐Tang , Hsu Hsin‐Cheng , Du He‐Yun , Kuo Ming‐Cheng , Wong Ken‐Tsung , Wang Sea‐Fu , Wang Chen‐Hao , Chen Li‐Chyong , Chen Kuei‐Hsien 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNon‐precious metal catalysts of the oxygen reduction reaction are highly favored for use in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) because of their relatively low cost. Here, a new carbon‐black‐supported pyrolyzed Co‐corrole (py‐Co‐corrole/C) catalyst of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a PEFC cathode is demonstrated to have high catalytic performance. The py‐Co‐corrole/C at 700 °C exhibits optimized ORR activity and participates in a direct four‐electron reduction pathway for the reduction of O2 to H2O. The H2‐O2 PEFC test of py‐Co‐corrole/C in the cathode reveals a maximum power density of 275 mW cm−2, which yields a higher performance and a lower Co loading than previous studies of Co‐based catalysts for PEFCs. The enhancement of the ORR activity of py‐Co‐corrole/C is attributable to the four‐coordinated Co‐corrole structure and the oxidation state of the central cobalt.
Rapid Combinatorial Synthesis and Chromatography Based Screening of Phosphorescent Iridium Complexes for Solution Processing
Authors: Hohenleutner Andreas , Schmidbauer Susanna , Vasold Rudolf , Joosten Dominik , Stoessel Philipp , Buchholz Herwig , König Burkhard 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis work reports the combinatorial synthesis and screening of phosphorescent iridium complexes as solution processable emitters for OLEDs. The approach taken here allows for the rapid synthesis, isolation, spectroscopic characterization and identification of the libraries based on chromatographic methods. Subsequent analysis of the irradiation induced degradation provides insight on the stability of the complexes under continuous excitation. The method is versatile and can easily be applied to other metal complexes or organic dyes for various applications, e.g., in electroluminescence, photovoltaics and sensing.
Direct purification of lysozyme from chicken egg white using weak acidic polyacrylonitrile nanofiber‐based membranes
Authors: Chiu Hsien‐Tang , Lin Jian‐Min , Cheng Tai‐Hong , Chou Shin‐Ying , Huang Cheng‐Chiang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA highly efficient membrane process for direct purification of lysozyme from chicken egg white is reported. The ion‐exchange nanofibrous membrane (AEA‐COOH) comprises a polyethyleneterephthalate spunbond fabric as a supporting layer with upper and lower electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous layers treated with NaOH hydrolysis to transform CN bond into COOH functional group. SEM results demonstrate a porous structure with a fiber diameter ranged between 150 and 200 nm. Organic solvent residue analysis proves no significant dimethylacetamide release from electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers. The lysozyme was directly purified from the chicken egg white using Millipore stirred cell reactor equipped with AEA‐COOH membranes. Despite a protein recovery of only 22.3%, the purified lysozyme had an activity recovery as high as 80.5% with a 73.6‐fold purification. SDS‐PAGE confirms the purified lysozyme product. This study thereby verified that lysozyme protein can be isolated and purified directly from chicken egg whites using AEA‐COOH membranes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012