bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jimi E , Furuta H , Matsuo K , Tominaga K , Takahashi T , Nakanishi O 
Published: April 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 462–468Oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are malignant tumours that frequently invade the mandibular bone and bone invasion is a common clinical problem. Recent studies have revealed that bone resorption by osteoclasts is an important step in the process of bone invasion by oral SCCs. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone invasion by oral SCCs remain unclear. Oral SCCs invade the mandibular bone through an erosive, mixed or infiltrative pattern that correlates with clinical behaviours. The expressions of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐11, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α and parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) were higher in the infiltrative pattern than in the erosive pattern. These cytokines lead to receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) expression or osteoprotegerin (OPG) suppression not only in oral SCC cells but also in cancer stromal cells to induce osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, oral SCCs provide a suitable microenvironment for osteoclastogenesis to regulate the balance of RANKL and OPG. In this review, we introduce recent advances in the knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms, by which oral SCC invades mandibular bone based on the recent findings of our lab and others.
In vivo morphometric analysis of inflammatory condylar changes in rat temporomandibular joint
Authors: Kuroki Y , Honda K , Kijima N , Wada T , Arai Y , Matsumoto N , Iwata K , Shirakawa T 
Published: April 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 499–507Objective:  Injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) causes acute swelling around the joint and subsequent morphological alterations in the condyle. We aimed to evaluate changes in the three‐dimensional architecture of the condyle induced with CFA.Materials and methods:  The CFA was injected into the unilateral TMJ of rats and morphological changes in the condyle were assessed repeatedly for 14 days by in vivo micro‐CT.Results:  Osseous abnormalities of condyle were first observed at 3–5 days after CFA injection on the tomographic images, and the condylar deformation became more obvious thereafter. Among 12 condyles examined at 14 days postinjection, osteophytosis was observed in all of the specimens and bone erosion coexisted in five condyles. None of the saline‐treated condyles showed architectural changes. Significant changes were detected in the mesiolateral and rostrocaudal widths of the CFA‐treated condyles at 10–14 days postinjection (P < 0.01). The extent of both condylar bone formation and resorption was greater in the CFA‐injected TMJs than in saline‐injected TMJs (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  These results indicate that CFA causes dynamic morphological changes in the condyle and that our experimental approach will provide new insights into the subacute inflammatory processes in the TMJ.
Elastolysis mediodermalis – case report and review of literature
Authors: Wagner Gunnar , Sachse Michael Max 
Published: April 2011

SummaryElastolysis mediodermalis is a rare disorder typically observed in middle‐aged women. Sites of predilection are the trunk and upper arms. The clinical picture varies and may appear as cigarette paper‐like wrinkling, perifollicular protrusions or reticular erythema. In contrast to the different clinical morphology, there is a consistent histology, i. e. localized, band‐shaped, and rarely focal loss of elastic fibers in the middle dermis. The etiology of elastolysis mediodermalis is unclear. UV radiation or immunological mechanisms may increase the release of matrix metalloproteinases, leading to a degradation of elastic fibers. There is no effective treatment for this condition.
Rapid Lump Examination (RLE) – a new tool for Mohs surgery?
Authors: Moehrle Matthias , Käflein Leila , Ziefle Sarah , Metzler Gisela 
Published: April 2011

Summary Background:“Micrographic surgery“ spares tissue and results in fewer recurrences. Various techniques have been described using paraffin‐embedded and cryostat sections or even optical sections from ex vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy. The presented technique is the rapid direct microscopy of the surface of a specimen (lump) for a pathological examination (RLE). Methods: Fresh surgical tissue was stained first without sectioning and then was examined directly under microscope. A 95 sec staining protocol for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was established. 129 specimens were examined using a digital microscope and 78 specimens using a stereo microscope. Results: RLE had a high diagnostic accuracy compared to paraffin‐embedded H&E‐stained sections. Sensitivity and specificity of RLE was 91 % and 90 % for the digital and 90 % and 94 % for the stereo microscope. In addition we developed a 7 min RLE‐immunohistology protocol using the BerEp4‐antibody. Discussion: RLE is a simple and accurate technique for fresh tissue examination. Here, the technique has been established for BCC but the principle may also be transferred to histological bedside diagnosis of other tumors. The technique does not alter or destroy tissue, so that after RLE was done subsequent conventional histology is still possible. RLE might yield a time‐ and cost‐saving diagnosis in micrographic surgery.
Discovery of carbon monoxide in the upper atmosphere of Pluto
Authors: Greaves J. S. , Helling Ch. , Friberg P. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Pluto's icy surface has changed colour and its atmosphere has swelled since its last closest approach to the Sun in 1989. The thin atmosphere is produced by evaporating ices, and so can also change rapidly, and in particular carbon monoxide should be present as an active thermostat. Here we report the discovery of gaseous CO via the 1.3-mm wavelength J=2-1 rotational transition, and find that the line-centre signal is more than twice as bright as a tentative result obtained in 2000 by Bockélee-Morvan et al. Greater surface ice evaporation over the last decade could explain this, or increased pressure could have caused the atmosphere to expand. The gas must be cold, with a narrow line-width consistent with temperatures around 50 K, as predicted for the very high atmosphere, and the line brightness implies that CO molecules extend up to ≈3 Pluto radii above the surface. The upper atmosphere must have changed markedly over only a decade since the prior search, and more alterations could occur by the arrival of the New Horizons mission in 2015.
Esophageal cancer associated with right aortic arch and thyroid adenoma
Authors: Gu Jundong , Zhao Hui , Zhu Siwei , Wen Yanjun , Wang Shuchuan , Chen Jun , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA 55‐year‐old Chinese woman with thoracic esophageal cancer associated with right aortic arch and thyroid adenoma was admitted to our hospital. Computed tomography revealed a right aortic arch with mirror‐image branching and a mass in the esophagus. The following barium‐coated esophagograms and esophagoscopy showed an ulcerative and infiltrative tumor in the upper thoracic esophagus. The patient also had an almost 10‐year history of thyroid adenoma.
A survey on the knowledge, beliefs and behaviour of a general adult population in Malaysia with respect to the adverse effects of medicines
Authors: Jose Jimmy , Chong David , Lynn Tay Szu , Jye Goh Ee , Jimmy Beena 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to explore, in the Malaysian general population: knowledge and beliefs of the characteristics in general of medication-related side effects and side effects associated with different types of medicines; behaviour related to the safe use of drugs before and after taking a medication; and behaviour in the event of a medication-related side effect.

Methods
A 24-item self-administered questionnaire was developed and used to survey the general public living or working in suburban Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Eight hundred questionnaires were distributed, face to face, by researchers using quota sampling. Respondents’ knowledge, belief and behaviour were analysed and correlated with demographics, medical history and experience of side effects.

Key findings
Six hundred and ten respondents completed the questionnaire giving a response rate of 76.3%. The mean knowledge score for the respondents was 18.4 ± 3.6 out of the maximum possible score of 26. Educational level and experience of side effect had an influence on the knowledge score obtained. Respondents had misconceptions regarding the safety of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) and over-the-counter medications. Medication history and previous experience with side effects had a significant influence on the higher behaviour score obtained.

Conclusion
The survey has shown moderate results with regard to the knowledge of public regarding safety of medications, and there was evidence of under-estimating the risk of medications, especially CAMs. The misconceptions among the public, and inappropriate behaviour on drug safety-related aspects, is a concern which needs to be addressed in the interventions designed.
Novel Biphenyl-Oxidizing Bacteria and Dioxygenase Genes from a Korean Tidal Mudflat
Authors: Lee Tae Kwon , Lee Jaejin , Sul Woo Jun , Iwai Shoko , Chai Benli , Tiedje James M. , Park Joonhong 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Gene-targeted FLX titanium pyrosequencing integrated with stable isotope probing (SIP) using [
13
C]biphenyl substrate revealed that tidal mudflat sediments harbor novel aromatic ring hydroxylating dioxygenases (ARHD). More than 80% of the detected ARHD genes comprise four clades (0.5 distance) with 49 to 70% amino acid identity to sequences in public databases. The 16S rRNA sequences enriched in the
13
C fraction were from the
Betaproteobacteria
, bacilli (primarily
Paenibacillus
-like), and unclassified phyla.
Characterization of the Genome of the Polyvalent Lytic Bacteriophage GTE2, Which Has Potential for Biocontrol of Gordonia-, Rhodococcus-, and Nocardia-Stabilized Foams in Activated Sludge Plants
Authors: Petrovski Steve , Seviour Robert J. , Tillett Daniel 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Hydrophobic
Actinobacteria
are commonly associated with the stabilization of foams in activated sludge systems. One possible attractive approach to control these foam-stabilizing organisms is the use of specific bacteriophages. We describe the genome characterization of a novel polyvalent DNA phage, GTE2, isolated from activated sludge. This phage is lytic for
Gordonia terrae
,
Rhodococcus globerulus
,
Rhodococcus erythropolis
,
Rhodococcus erythropolis
,
Nocardia otitidiscaviarum
, and
Nocardia brasiliensis
. Phage GTE2 belongs to the family
Siphoviridae
, possessing a characteristic icosahedral head encapsulating a double-stranded DNA linear genome (45,530 bp) having 10-bp 3′-protruding cohesive ends. The genome sequence is 98% unique at the DNA level and contains 57 putative genes. The genome can be divided into two components, where the first is modular and encodes phage structural proteins and lysis genes. The second is not modular, and the genes harbored there are involved in DNA replication, repair, and metabolism. Some have no known function. GTE2 shows promising results in controlling stable foam production by its host bacteria under laboratory conditions, suggesting that it may prove useful in the field as a biocontrol agent.
Genome-Wide Transcriptional and Physiological Responses of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to Paraquat-Mediated Oxidative Stress
Authors: Donati Andrew J. , Jeon Jeong-Min , Sangurdekar Dipen , So Jae-Seong , Chang Woo-Suk 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

The rhizobial bacterium
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
functions as a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of the soybean plant (
Glycine max
). Plants are capable of producing an oxidative burst, a rapid proliferation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as a defense mechanism against pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria. Therefore,
B. japonicum
must be able to resist such a defense mechanism to initiate nodulation. In this study, paraquat, a known superoxide radical-inducing agent, was used to investigate this response. Genome-wide transcriptional profiles were created for both prolonged exposure (PE) and fulminant shock (FS) conditions. These profiles revealed that 190 and 86 genes were up- and downregulated for the former condition, and that 299 and 105 genes were up- and downregulated for the latter condition, respectively (>2.0-fold;
P
< 0.05). Many genes within putative operons for F
0
F
1
-ATP synthase, chemotaxis, transport, and ribosomal proteins were upregulated during PE. The transcriptional profile for the FS condition strangely resembled that of a bacteroid condition, including the FixK
2
transcription factor and most of its response elements. However, genes encoding canonical ROS scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, were not detected, suggesting constitutive expression of those genes by endogenous ROS. Various physiological tests, including exopolysaccharide (EPS), cellular protein, and motility characterization, were performed to corroborate the gene expression data. The results suggest that
B. japonicum
responds to tolerable oxidative stress during PE through enhanced motility, increased translational activity, and EPS production, in addition to the expression of genes involved in global stress responses, such as chaperones and sigma factors.
Correlation of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Prevalence in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks with Specific Abiotic Traits in the Western Palearctic
Authors: Estrada-Peña Agustín , Ortega Carmelo , Sánchez Nely , DeSimone Lorenzo , Sudre Bertrand , Suk Jonathan E. , Semenza Jan C. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

This meta-analysis of reports examining ticks throughout the Western Palearctic region indicates a distinct geographic pattern for
Borrelia burgdorferi
sensu lato prevalence in questing nymphal
Ixodes ricinus
ticks. The greatest prevalence was reported between the 5°E and 25°E longitudes based on an analysis of 123 collection points with 37,940 nymphal tick specimens (87.43% of total nymphs; 56.35% of total ticks in the set of reports over the target area). Climatic traits, such as temperature and vegetation stress, and their seasonality correlated with
Borrelia
prevalence in questing ticks. The greatest prevalence was associated with mild winter, high summer, and low seasonal amplitude of temperatures within the range of the tick vector, higher vegetation indices in the May-June period, and well-connected vegetation patches below a threshold at which rates suddenly drop. Classification of the target territory using a qualitative risk index derived from the abiotic variables produced an indicator of the probability of finding infected ticks in the Western Palearctic region. No specific temporal trends were detected in the reported prevalence. The ranges of the different
B. burgdorferi
sensu lato genospecies showed a pattern of high biodiversity between 4°W and 20°E, partially overlapping the area of highest prevalence in ticks.
Borrelia afzelii
and
Borrelia garinii
are the dominant species in central Europe (east of ∼25°E), but
B. garinii
may appear alone at southern latitudes and
Borrelia lusitaniae
is the main indicator species for meridional territories.
Regulation of Cell Division, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence by FlhC in Escherichia coli O157:H7 Grown on Meat
Authors: Sule Preeti , Horne Shelley M. , Logue Catherine M. , Prüß Birgit M. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

To understand the continuous problems that
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 causes as food pathogen, this study assessed global gene regulation in bacteria growing on meat. Since FlhD/FlhC of
E. coli
K-12 laboratory strains was previously established as a major control point in transducing signals from the environment to several cellular processes, this study compared the expression pattern of an
E. coli
O157:H7 parent strain to that of its isogenic
flhC
mutant. This was done with bacteria that had been grown on meat. Microarray experiments revealed 287 putative targets of FlhC. Real-time PCR was performed as an alternative estimate of transcription and confirmed microarray data for 13 out of 15 genes tested (87%). The confirmed genes are representative of cellular functions, such as central metabolism, cell division, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity. An additional 13 genes from the same cellular functions that had not been hypothesized as being regulated by FlhC by the microarray experiment were tested with real-time PCR and also exhibited higher expression levels in the
flhC
mutant than in the parent strain. Physiological experiments were performed and confirmed that FlhC reduced the cell division rate, the amount of biofilm biomass, and pathogenicity in a chicken embryo lethality model. Altogether, this study provides valuable insight into the complex regulatory network of the pathogen that enables its survival under various environmental conditions. This information may be used to develop strategies that could be used to reduce the number of cells or pathogenicity of
E. coli
O157:H7 on meat by interfering with the signal transduction pathways.
Occurrence of Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. on Eggshells: a Missing Link for Food-Borne Infections?
Authors: Messelhäusser U. , Thärigen D. , Elmer-Englhard D. , Bauer H. , Schreiner H. , Höller C. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

We analyzed the prevalence of thermotolerant
Campylobacter
spp. compared that of to
Salmonella
spp. in raw yolk and on eggshells. A total of 2,710 eggs were investigated for each bacterium. Viable bacteria were found in 4.1% (
Campylobacter
spp.) and 1.1% (
Salmonella
spp.) of the eggshell samples, whereas the egg yolk samples were negative for both bacteria.
Occurrence, Source, and Human Infection Potential of Cryptosporidium and Giardia spp. in Source and Tap Water in Shanghai, China
Authors: Feng Yaoyu , Zhao Xukun , Chen Jiaxu , Jin Wei , Zhou Xiaonong , Li Na , Wang Lin , Xiao Lihua 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Genotyping studies on the source and human infection potential of
Cryptosporidium
oocysts in water have been almost exclusively conducted in industrialized nations. In this study, 50 source water samples and 30 tap water samples were collected in Shanghai, China, and analyzed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 1623. To find a cost-effective method to replace the filtration procedure, the water samples were also concentrated by calcium carbonate flocculation (CCF). Of the 50 source water samples, 32% were positive for
Cryptosporidium
and 18% for
Giardia
by Method 1623, whereas 22% were positive for
Cryptosporidium
and 10% for
Giardia
by microscopy of CCF concentrates. When CCF was combined with PCR for detection, the occurrence of
Cryptosporidium
(28%) was similar to that obtained by Method 1623. Genotyping of
Cryptosporidium
in 17 water samples identified the presence of
C. andersoni
in 14 water samples,
C. suis
in 7 water samples,
C. baileyi
in 2 water samples,
C. meleagridis
in 1 water sample, and
C. hominis
in 1 water sample. Therefore, farm animals, especially cattle and pigs, were the major sources of water contamination in Shanghai source water, and most oocysts found in source water in the area were not infectious to humans.
Cryptosporidium
oocysts were found in 2 of 30 tap water samples. The combined use of CCF for concentration and PCR for detection and genotyping provides a less expensive alternative to filtration and fluorescence microscopy for accurate assessment of
Cryptosporidium
contamination in water, although the results from this method are semiquantitative.
Identification of Nitrogen-Incorporating Bacteria in Petroleum-Contaminated Arctic Soils by Using [
15
N]DNA-Based Stable Isotope Probing and Pyrosequencing
Authors: Bell Terrence H. , Yergeau Etienne , Martineau Christine , Juck David , Whyte Lyle G. , Greer Charles W. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Arctic soils are increasingly susceptible to petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, as exploration and exploitation of the Arctic increase. Bioremediation in these soils is challenging due to logistical constraints and because soil temperatures only rise above 0°C for ∼2 months each year. Nitrogen is often added to contaminated soil
in situ
to stimulate the existing microbial community, but little is known about how the added nutrients are used by these microorganisms. Microbes vary widely in their ability to metabolize petroleum hydrocarbons, so the question becomes: which hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms most effectively use this added nitrogen for growth? Using [
15
N]DNA-based stable isotope probing, we determined which taxonomic groups most readily incorporated nitrogen from the monoammonium phosphate added to contaminated and uncontaminated soil in Canadian Forces Station-Alert, Nunavut, Canada. Fractions from each sample were amplified with bacterial 16S rRNA and alkane monooxygenase B (
alkB
) gene-specific primers and then sequenced using lage-scale parallel-pyrosequencing. Sequence data was combined with 16S rRNA and
alkB
gene C quantitative PCR data to measure the presence of various phylogenetic groups in fractions at different buoyant densities. Several families of
Proteobacteria
and
Actinobacteria
that are directly involved in petroleum degradation incorporated the added nitrogen in contaminated soils, but it was the DNA of
Sphingomonadaceae
that was most enriched in
15
N. Bacterial growth in uncontaminated soils was not stimulated by nutrient amendment. Our results suggest that nitrogen uptake efficiency differs between bacterial groups in contaminated soils. A better understanding of how groups of hydrocarbon-degraders contribute to the catabolism of petroleum will facilitate the design of more targeted bioremediation treatments.
Grape Seed Extract for Control of Human Enteric Viruses
Authors: Su Xiaowei , D'Souza Doris H. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Grape seed extract (GSE) is reported to have many pharmacological benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antimicrobial properties. However, the effect of this inexpensive rich source of natural phenolic compounds on human enteric viruses has not been well documented. In the present study, the effect of commercial GSE, Gravinol-S, on the infectivity of human enteric virus surrogates (feline calicivirus, FCV-F9; murine norovirus, MNV-1; and bacteriophage MS2) and hepatitis A virus (HAV; strain HM175) was evaluated. GSE at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/ml was individually mixed with equal volumes of each virus at titers of ∼7 log
10
PFU/ml or ∼5 log
10
PFU/ml and incubated for 2 h at room temperature or 37°C. The infectivity of the recovered viruses after triplicate treatments was evaluated by standardized plaque assays. At high titers (∼7 log
10
PFU/ml), FCV-F9 was significantly reduced by 3.64, 4.10, and 4.61 log
10
PFU/ml; MNV-1 by 0.82, 1.35, and 1.73 log
10
PFU/ml; MS2 by 1.13, 1.43, and 1.60 log
10
PFU/ml; and HAV by 1.81, 2.66, and 3.20 log
10
PFU/ml after treatment at 37°C with 0.25, 0.50, and 1 mg/ml GSE, respectively (
P
< 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. GSE treatment of low titers (∼5 log
10
PFU/ml) at 37°C also showed viral reductions. Room-temperature treatments with GSE caused significant reduction of the four viruses, with higher reduction for low-titer FCV-F9, MNV-1, and HAV compared to high titers. Our results indicate that GSE shows promise for application in the food industry as an inexpensive novel natural alternative to reduce viral contamination and enhance food safety.
Characterization of Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6 Xyn10D, a Xylanase That Contains a Family 3 Carbohydrate-Binding Module
Authors: Sakka Makiko , Higashi Yurika , Kimura Tetsuya , Ratanakhanokchai Khanok , Sakka Kazuo 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus
B-6 Xyn10D is a xylanase containing a family 3 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM3). Biochemical analyses using recombinant proteins derived from Xyn10D suggested that the CBM3 polypeptide has an affinity for cellulose and xylan and that CBM3 in Xyn10D is important for hydrolysis of insoluble arabinoxylan and natural biomass.