bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Screw Distraction for Anatomic Restoration: Case Series
Authors: Findlay Matthew C. , Tenhoeve Sam A. , Twitchell Spencer , Sherrod Brandon A. , Mahan Mark A. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation with distraction reduces morbidity after traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures; however, there are substantial limitations, particularly for correction of kyphosis. The use of fixed-angle screws may offer improved anatomic restoration, facilitating greater postdistraction vertebral height restoration and spinal canal fragment reduction. We examined the radiographic results of distraction across fixed-angle screws immediately after surgery and in long-term follow-up.METHODS:Demographic and clinical characteristics were captured for patients with traumatic thoracolumbar fractures undergoing percutaneous pedicle screw fixation by a single surgeon. Radiographic measurements were collected at predistraction, postdistraction, and long-term follow-up time points. Pairedt-tests, Student'st-tests, Mann–WhitneyUtests, and χ2tests were used to assess data where appropriate.RESULTS:The case series included 22 patients (77.3% male; mean age 42.0 ± 18.4 years). Hounsfield density consistent with osteopenia was seen in 13.6% of patients at the time of injury. Sporting injuries and motor vehicle accidents were common (both 31.8%). Most injuries occurred at L1 (45.5%). Upon long-term follow-up, the mean injured-level predistraction cross-sectional area improved from 2.1 to 2.9 cm2(P< .01). Compared with the superadjacent level, the injured-level cross-sectional canal area improved by 28.6% (P< .01). Vertebral body index also improved significantly (18.8° mean change,P< .01). The mean bisegmental Cobb angle improved by 6.2° (P= .01), and injured vertebral body compression decreased by 22.4% (P< .01). Significant improvement in correction was achieved with experience, with final technique yielding superior cross-sectional area (P= .04) and compression ratios (P= .03).CONCLUSION:Distraction across fixed-angle percutaneous screw instrumentation systems stabilizes traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures, corrects deformity, and decompresses the spinal canal. Further comparative research is necessary to demonstrate whether outcomes are different between percutaneous instrumentation vs open fusion for thoracolumbar trauma.
State-dependent dynamics of cuttlefish mantle activity
Authors: Cohen-Bodénès Sophie , Neri Peter 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Cuttlefish skin is a powerful rendering device, capable of producing extraordinary changes in visual appearance over a broad range of temporal scales. This unique ability is typically associated with camouflage; however, cuttlefish often produce skin patterns that do not appear connected with the surrounding environment, such as fast large-scale fluctuations with wave-like characteristics. Little is known about the functional significance of these dynamic patterns. In this study, we developed novel tools for analyzing pattern dynamics, and demonstrate their utility for detecting changes in feeding state that occur without concomitant changes in sensory stimulation. Under these conditions, we found that the dynamic properties of specific pattern components differ for different feeding states, despite no measurable change in the overall expression of those components. Therefore, these dynamic changes are not detectable by conventional analyses focusing on pattern expression, requiring analytical tools specifically targeted to pattern dynamics.
How to Conclude a Suspended Sports League?
Authors: Hassanzadeh Ali , Hosseini Mojtaba , Turner John G. 
Published: June 2024

Problem definition: Professional sports leagues may be suspended because of various reasons, such as the recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. A critical question that the league must address when reopening is how to appropriately select a subset of the remaining games to conclude the season in a shortened time frame. Despite the rich literature on scheduling an entire season starting from a blank slate, concluding an existing season is quite different. Our approach attempts to achieve team rankings similar to those that would have resulted had the season been played out in full. Methodology/results: We propose a data-driven model that exploits predictive and prescriptive analytics to produce a schedule for the remainder of the season composed of a subset of originally scheduled games. Our model introduces novel rankings-based objectives within a stochastic optimization model, whose parameters are first estimated using a predictive model. We introduce a deterministic equivalent reformulation along with a tailored Frank–Wolfe algorithm to efficiently solve our problem as well as a robust counterpart based on min-max regret. We present simulation-based numerical experiments from previous National Basketball Association seasons 2004–2019, and we show that our models are computationally efficient, outperform a greedy benchmark that approximates a nonrankings-based scheduling policy, and produce interpretable results. Managerial implications: Our data-driven decision-making framework may be used to produce a shortened season with 25%–50% fewer games while still producing an end-of-season ranking similar to that of the full season, had it been played. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0558 .
Association of total bilirubin with depression risk in adults with diabetes: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ye Man-Li , Wang Jie-Ke 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Individuals with diabetes mellitus are more likely to experience depression, although most patients remain undiagnosed. The relation between total bilirubin and depression has been increasingly discussed, but limited studies have examined the association of total bilirubin with depression risk in adults with diabetes, which warrants attention.
AIM
To investigate the association between total bilirubin levels and the risk of depression in adults with diabetes.
METHODS
The study included adults with diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018. Depression was determined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multivariable logistic regression, propensity score-matched analysis and restricted cubic spline models were utilized to investigate the association between total bilirubin levels and depression risk in adults with diabetes.
RESULTS
The study included 4758 adults with diabetes, of whom 602 (12.7%) were diagnosed with depression. After adjusting for covariates, we found that diabetic adults with lower total bilirubin levels had a higher risk of depression (OR = 1.230, 95%CI: 1.006-1.503, P = 0.043). This association was further confirmed after propensity score matching (OR = 1.303, 95%CI: 1.034-1.641, P = 0.025). Subgroup analyses showed no significant dependence of age, body mass index, sex, race or hypertension on this association. Restricted cubic spline models displayed an inverted U-shaped association of total bilirubin levels with depression risk within the lower range of total bilirubin levels. The depression risk heightened with the increasing levels of total bilirubin, reaching the highest risk at 6.81 μmol/L and decreasing thereafter.
CONCLUSION
In adults with diabetes, those with lower levels of total bilirubin were more likely to have depressive symptoms. Serum total bilirubin levels may be used as an additional indicator to assess depression risk in adults with diabetes.
Clinical therapeutic effect of self-prescribed Sanhanchushi Tongbi on lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Yao Cheng , He Bin , Zhou Jie , Xie Lin 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUNDLumbar disc herniation (LDH) commonly occurs during spinal surgery; LDH is on the increase in younger patients and is classified as "paralysis" and "back pain.” Sanhanchushi Tongbi (SPST) is a customized prescription. It disperses cold, relieves pain, removes cold from the meridians and viscera, and treats neuropathic pain. However, few studies have investigated its mechanism of pain relief.AIMTo observe the clinical therapeutic effects on LDH treated with self-prescribed SPST.METHODSA total of 211 patients with LDH syndrome were divided into two groups: 107 patients in the control group were treated with conventional massage combined with traction, and 104 patients in the observation group were treated with a combination of the control regimen and self-prescribed oral SPST. The patients were treated for 4 wk. Indices of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score and serum inflammatory factor levels were measured.RESULTSAfter therapy, the TCM syndrome score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The main symptoms, clinical signs, daily activities, and Japanese Orthopedic Association scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after therapy (P < 0.05). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein were lower in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). In the observation group, superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher, whereas malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The overall efficacy rate in the observation group was 96.15%, which was substantially higher than that in the control group (88.79%; P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSelf-prescribed SPST can reduce the levels of inflammatory and pain-causing factors as well as lumbar pain in patients with LDH.
Cytokine release syndrome triggered by programmed death 1 blockade (sintilimab) therapy in a psoriasis patient: A case report
Authors: Zhou Ming-Hui , Ye Min-Feng , Zhang Zhen-Xing , Tao Feng , Zhang Yu 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy across diverse malignancies. Notably, in patients with advanced gastric cancer, the use of programmed death 1 (PD-1) blockade has significantly prolonged overall survival, marking a pivotal advancement comparable to the impact of Herceptin over the past two decades. While the therapeutic benefits of ICIs are evident, the increasing use of immunotherapy has led to an increase in immune-related adverse events.
CASE SUMMARY
This article presents the case of a patient with advanced gastric cancer and chronic plaque psoriasis. Following sintilimab therapy, the patient developed severe rashes accompanied by cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Fortunately, effective management was achieved through the administration of glucocorticoid, tocilizumab, and acitretin, which resulted in favorable outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Glucocorticoid and tocilizumab therapy was effective in managing CRS after PD-1 blockade therapy for gastric cancer in a patient with chronic plaque psoriasis.
Evaluation of Winter Hydrology Performance of Three Field-Scale Models
Authors: Kaur Baljeet , Dhiman Jaskaran , Rudra Ramesh P. , Daggupati Prasad , Goel Pradeep , Macrae Merrin , Prasher Shiv O. , Shukla Rituraj 
Published: June 2024

Highlights

EPIC, SHAW, and DRAINMOD models were evaluated for the simulation of winter hydrology.

Energy-based models can better simulate late-winter and early-spring hydrology under winter conditions.

Effective simulation of soil temperature and soil hydraulics in winters were identified as potential areas of development in temperature-based models.

Abstract. The deterioration of Lake Erie's water quality is one of the major concerns in North America. A considerable percentage of annual phosphorus runoff occurs during the non-growing season in cold agricultural regions such as those in the Great Lakes region. Consequently, without accurate simulation of water flow during cold periods, reliable modeling of sediment and nutrient loads to surface water bodies is not achievable. Three hydrological models (EPIC, SHAW, and DRAINMOD) were evaluated for their capacity to predict winter tile flow and to highlight the significant processes that have a larger effect on runoff simulation at a field site in Southern Ontario, Canada. The SHAW model adequately predicted both soil temperature at 10 cm depth (R2 = 0.95; 2013-2014) and winter tile flow (2012-2014, Nov-Apr; R2 = 0.52; PBIAS = 7; NSE = 0.49). In the case of tile flow, DRAINMOD exhibited comparable results to the SHAW model for the same period (R2 =0.55, PBIAS = -28, NSE = 0.58). EPIC was not able to perform satisfactorily in simulating the tile flow during winter conditions, which was attributed to the model’s erroneous prediction of soil temperature from air temperature. It was determined that energy-based models like DRAINMOD and SHAW can better simulate late-winter and early-spring hydrological conditions. Keywords: Agricultural runoff, Canadian winter hydrology, Hydrological models, Soil temperature, Tile flow.
The potential of the transformer-based survival analysis model, SurvTrace, for predicting recurrent cardiovascular events and stratifying high-risk patients with ischemic heart disease
Authors: Shinohara Hiroki , Kodera Satoshi , Nagae Yugo , Hiruma Takashi , Kobayashi Atsushi , Sato Masataka , Sawano Shinnosuke , Kamon Tatsuya , Narita Koichi , Hirose Kazutoshi , Kiriyama Hiroyuki , Saito Akihito , Miura Mizuki , Minatsuki Shun , Kikuchi Hironobu , Takeda Norifumi , Akazawa Hiroshi , Morita Hiroyuki , Komuro Issei 
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, and its importance is increasing with the aging population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of SurvTrace, a survival analysis model using the Transformer—a state-of-the-art deep learning method—for predicting recurrent cardiovascular events and stratifying high-risk patients. The model’s performance was compared to that of a conventional scoring system utilizing real-world data from cardiovascular patients.

Methods
This study consecutively enrolled patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo Hospital, between 2005 and 2019. Each patient’s initial PCI at our hospital was designated as the index procedure, and a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was monitored for up to two years post-index event. Data regarding patient background, clinical presentation, medical history, medications, and perioperative complications were collected to predict MACE. The performance of two models—a conventional scoring system proposed by Wilson et al. and the Transformer-based model SurvTrace—was evaluated using Harrell’s c-index, Kaplan–Meier curves, and log-rank tests.

Results
A total of 3938 cases were included in the study, with 394 used as the test dataset and the remaining 3544 used for model training. SurvTrace exhibited a mean c-index of 0.72 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.69–0.76), which indicated higher prognostic accuracy compared with the conventional scoring system’s 0.64 (95% CI: 0.64–0.64). Moreover, SurvTrace demonstrated superior risk stratification ability, effectively distinguishing between the high-risk group and other risk categories in terms of event occurrence. In contrast, the conventional system only showed a significant difference between the low-risk and high-risk groups.

Conclusion
This study based on real-world cardiovascular patient data underscores the potential of the Transformer-based survival analysis model, SurvTrace, for predicting recurrent cardiovascular events and stratifying high-risk patients.
Barriers to USMLE Step-1 accommodations: Students with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Serata Emily L. , Noonan Emily J. , Petersen Kristina H. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
Students who earn their medical doctorate (MD) in the U.S. must pass the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step-1. The application process for students with disabilities who seek Step-1 accommodations can be arduous, barrier-ridden, and can impose a significant burden that may have long-lasting effects. We sought to understand the experiences of medical students with Type-1 Diabetes (T1D) who applied for Step-1 accommodations.

Methods
A Qualtrics survey was administered to students enrolled in Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME)-accredited MD programs who disclosed having a primary diagnosis of T1D. Basic counts and qualitative inductive analyses were conducted.

Results
Of the 21 surveys sent, 16 (76.2%) participants responded. Of the 16 respondents, 11 (68.8%) applied for USMLE Step-1 accommodations, whereas 5 (31.2%) did not. Of the 11 who applied for accommodations, 7 (63.6%) received the accommodations requested, while 4 (36.4%) did not. Of those who received the accommodations requested, 5/7 (71.4%) experienced at least one diabetes-related barrier on exam day. Of those who did not apply for Step-1 accommodations, 4/5 (80%) participants reported experiencing at least one diabetes-related barrier on exam day. Overall, 11/16 (68.8%) students experienced barriers on exam day with or without accommodations. Qualitative analysis revealed themes among participants about their experience with the process: frustration, anger, stress, and some areas of general satisfaction.

Conclusions
This study reports the perceptions of students with T1D about barriers and inequities in the Step-1 accommodations application process. Students with and without accommodations encountered T1D-related obstacles on test day.
Comparison of angle-to-angle distance and corneal diameter in pediatric eyes using ultrasound biomicroscopy
Authors: Kolosky Taylor D. , Saga Anusha U. , Dariano Donald F. , Das Urjita , Panchal Bhakti K. , Bregman Jana A. , Levin Moran R. , Alexander Janet Leath 
Published: June 2024

Objective
To investigate the relationship between corneal diameter and internal corneal span determined from angle-to-angle distance using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in an observational cross-sectional patient population comprised of 54 eyes (28 healthy control eyes, ages 0.1 to 11.3 years; 26 eyes with primary congenital glaucoma, ages 0.1 to 3.5 years) from 41 pediatric participants ages 0.1 to 11.3 years (mean age: 3±3 years, median age: 2 years).

Methods
Forty cornea photographs with reference ruler and 110 UBM images were obtained. Three observers measured horizontal and vertical corneal diameter and angle-to-angle distance in each cornea photo and UBM image using ImageJ and the average values were used. Main outcome measures were Pearson correlation coefficient, linear regression, mean difference between corneal diameter and angle-to-angle distance, and intra-class correlation coefficients among measurements from all three observers for each parameter.

Results
Corneal diameter and angle-to-angle distance had a strong positive correlation horizontally (Pearson r = 0.89, p<0.001) and vertically (r = 0.93, p<0.001). Correlation was consistent regardless of presence of primary congenital glaucoma and participant age. Regression analysis demonstrated a linear relationship between the parameters for horizontal (CD = 0.99*AA+0.28, R2 = 0.81, p<0.001) and vertical (CD = 0.91 *AA+1.32, R2 = 0.85, p<0.001) dimensions. Overall, reliability was good-excellent, ranging from an ICC of 0.76 for vertical corneal diameter to 0.90 for horizontal angle-to-angle distance.

Conclusions
Based on the strong positive correlation found between corneal diameter and angle-to-angle distance in our study population, UBM image analysis can be used to accurately estimate corneal diameter from angle-to-angle distance in children with healthy eyes and primary congenital glaucoma. UBM may provide a useful intraocular alternative for estimating corneal diameter and monitoring diseases that affect the cornea in infants and children, such as congenital glaucoma.
Digestive dynamics: Unveiling interplay between the gut microbiota and the liver in macronutrient metabolism and hepatic metabolic health
Authors: Kandalgaonkar Mrunmayee R. , Kumar Virender , Vijay‐Kumar Matam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough the liver is the largest metabolic organ in the body, it is not alone in functionality and is assisted by “an organ inside an organ,” the gut microbiota. This review attempts to shed light on the partnership between the liver and the gut microbiota in the metabolism of macronutrients (i.e., proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids). All nutrients absorbed by the small intestines are delivered to the liver for further metabolism. Undigested food that enters the colon is metabolized further by the gut microbiota that produces secondary metabolites, which are absorbed into portal circulation and reach the liver. These microbiota‐derived metabolites and co‐metabolites include ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, short‐chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and trimethylamine N‐oxide. Further, the liver produces several compounds, such as bile acids that can alter the gut microbial composition, which can in turn influence liver health. This review focuses on the metabolism of these microbiota metabolites and their influence on host physiology. Furthermore, the review briefly delineates the effect of the portosystemic shunt on the gut microbiota–liver axis, and current understanding of the treatments to target the gut microbiota–liver axis.
Combined effects of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar on the growth, yield, and quality of pepper
Authors: Wu Chunyan , Sun Qiyuan , Ren Zeyue , Xia Nan , Wang Zhuang , Sun Hong , Wang Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA pot experiment was conducted to investigate the combined effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels (5, 25, and 45 kg of pure nitrogen per 667 m²) and biochar concentrations (0, 0.7, 1.4, and 2.1%) on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of pepper. The findings indicated that a combination of 25 kg/667 m2of nitrogen and either 0.7% or 1.4% biochar significantly enhanced plant growth, yield, and fruit quality. Specifically, the N2 treatment (25 kg of pure nitrogen per 667 m²) increased substrate porosity, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content, and available phosphorus content. It also boosted root activity and superoxide dismutase activity in pepper leaves, resulting in increased yield and better fruit quality. Furthermore, the proper addition of biochar (0.7–1.4% by weight) enhanced the physical and chemical properties of the substrate, including increased chlorophyll content and enzyme activity in plants, thereby leading to improved overall plant growth, yield, and fruit quality.
Prediction of present and future distribution areas ofJuniperus drupaceaLabill and determination of ethnobotany properties in Antalya Province, Türkiye
Authors: Turkmenoglu Guliz , Sarikaya Ayse Gul , Uzun Almira , Fakir Huseyin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEthnobotanical studies revealed the experience and knowledge of people who learned the therapeutic virtues of plants through trials and errors and transferred their knowledge to the next generations. This study determined the ethnobotanical use ofJuniperus drupacea(Andiz) in the Antalya province and the current and future potential distribution areas ofJ. drupaceain Türkiye during 2041–2060 and 2081–2100 according to the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios and based on the IPSL-CM6A-LR climate change model. The very suitable areas encompassed 22379.7 km2. However, when the SSP2-4.5 scenario was considered, the areas most suitable forJ. drupaceacomprised 6215.892 km2for 2041–2060 and 378.318 km2for 2081–2100. Based on the SSP5-8.5 scenario, the area most suitable forJ. drupaceawas 979.082 km2for 2041–2060. However, no suitable areas were identified with the SSP5-8.5 scenario for 2081–2100. Considering the models for the future estimated distribution areas ofJ. drupacea, serious contractions endangering the species are predicted in its distribution areas. Therefore, scientific research should focus on identifyingJ. drupaceapopulations and genotypes that demonstrate resilience to future drought conditions resulting from climate change. This endeavor is crucial as it holds significant ecological and economic values.