bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial In‐migration and Neoendogenous Rural Development
Authors: Bosworth Gary , Atterton Jane 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe social, cultural, and economic transitions in rural areas across the globe lead us to critique the traditional “top‐down” or “bottom‐up” distinction as being outdated for contemporary rural policy. In Europe and the United States in particular, high rates of counterurbanization heighten the need for new ways of thinking about rural development. To address this, we describe the emergence of neoendogenous development theories in the United Kingdom and elucidate further on the economic implications of this approach for rural development. In particular, we examine the role of local and extralocal networks and population flows as facilitators of neoendogenous development based on our independent studies in northeast England and northern Scotland. This approach highlights the importance of diverse forms of capital in rural economies and examines the role of social networks in the utilization of these resources. In‐migrant business owners are a valuable research focus as they provide a link between the “local” and the “extralocal,” allowing greater insight into the creation and evolution of network ties in relation to economic activity in rural areas.
Energy Policy and Environmental Possibilities: Biofuels and Key Protagonists of Ecological Change*
Authors: Holleman Hannah 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWhile a growing body of research indicates the severe ecological and social costs of biofuel production worldwide, the U.S. government continues to promote the expansion of this fuel sector. Recent congressional testimony regarding the promotion of biofuels via the renewable fuel standard (RFS) offers a strategic research site for sociological investigation into the practices of key political actors and their roles in promoting and discouraging ecologically oriented change. Congressional hearings provide a window into the political process of energy policy formation, thus informing environmental sociological theory and debates. The ecological modernization perspective and its assumptions provide the analytical frame of this empirical analysis of congressional hearings during the peak legislative period concerning biofuels. This research is intended to contribute to alternative energy debates, add to our understanding of the role of various actors in energy policy formation, and further theoretical developments within sociology.
Structural, Optical and Improved Electrical Properties of Relaxor‐Based Single Crystals After Poling
Authors: Fang Bijun , Qian Kun , Miao Fenfen , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning , Zhao Xiangyong , Xu Haiqing , Luo Haosu 
Published: June 2012

0.695Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.305PbTiO3 (PMN–0.305PT) single crystals were grown by a modified Bridgman method. X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and X‐ray single crystal diffraction (XRSCD) measurements showed that the crystal structure of PMN–0.305PT can be identified as distorted rhombohedral structure or triclinic structure, with both close to pseudo‐cubic structure. Polarization exerts significant influences on electrical properties, domain configuration, and infrared spectra of the PMN–0.305PT crystal plates with different orientations. An additional dielectric peak or dielectric shoulder is induced at lower temperature in the dielectric response behavior, in which the shape and temperature of the dielectric anomaly exhibit great dependency on the crystal orientation. The PMN–0.305PT single crystals exhibit complex domain configuration with statistical 4 mm symmetry after poling. The “stretching” normal vibration of [Mg1/3Nb2/3]/TiO3 group is observed in the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) spectra with infrared‐absorption band occurring around 609 cm−1. The PMN–0.305PT single crystals exhibit excellent pyroelectric property, which will lead to promising advance in pyroelectric applications.
Is It That Difficult to Find a Good Preference Order for the Incremental Algorithm?
Authors: Krahmer Emiel , Koolen Ruud , Theune Mariët 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn a recent article published in this journal (van Deemter, Gatt, van der Sluis, & Power, 2012), the authors criticize the Incremental Algorithm (a well‐known algorithm for the generation of referring expressions due to Dale & Reiter, 1995, also in this journal) because of its strong reliance on a pre‐determined, domain‐dependent Preference Order. The authors argue that there are potentially many different Preference Orders that could be considered, while often no evidence is available to determine which is a good one. In this brief note, however, we suggest (based on a learning curve experiment) that finding a Preference Order for a new domain may not be so difficult after all, as long as one has access to a handful of human‐produced descriptions collected in a semantically transparent way. We argue that this is due to the fact that it is both more important and less difficult to get a good ordering of the head than of the tail of a Preference Order.
Assessing the Incremental Algorithm: A Response to Krahmer et al.
Authors: Deemter Kees van , Gatt Albert , Sluis Ielka van der , Power Richard 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis response discusses the experiment reported in Krahmer et al.’s Letter to the Editor of Cognitive Science. We observe that their results do not tell us whether the Incremental Algorithm is better or worse than its competitors, and we speculate about implications for reference in complex domains, and for learning from ‘‘normal” (i.e., non‐semantically‐balanced) corpora.
Diagnosing pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hematological malignancies: a multicenter prospective evaluation of an Aspergillus PCR assay and a galactomannan ELISA in bronchoalveolar lavage samples
Authors: Reinwald Mark , Spiess Birgit , Heinz Werner J. , Vehreschild Jörg J. , Lass‐Flörl Cornelia , Kiehl Michael , Schultheis Beate , Krause Stefan W. , Wolf Hans‐Heinrich , Bertz Hartmut , Maschmeyer Georg , Hofmann Wolf‐Karsten , Buchheidt Dieter 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectivesDiagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) remains a challenge in patients with hematological malignancies. The clinical significance of testing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples both with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Aspergillus galactomannan ELISA (GM) is unclear, and the BAL cutoff for GM has not been clearly evaluated yet.MethodsUsing a validated nested PCR assay and a GM ELISA, we prospectively examined BAL samples from 87 hematological patients at high risk of IPA. Of 76 (87%) evaluable patients, 29 patients had proven or probable disease.ResultsThe receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of GM optical density (OD) cutoff levels yielded a BAL OD of 0.5 to be optimal. We identified 29 probable or proven cases based on this OD. Sensitivity and specificity for BAL GM were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.62–0.9) and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.86–0.99), respectively. For BAL PCR, sensitivity and specificity were 0.59 (95% CI, 0.41–0.75) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.75–0.94), respectively. Combining BAL GM and PCR for diagnosis showed a sensitivity and specificity rate of 0.55 (95% CI, 0.38–0.72) and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.93–1.0), respectively, if positivity was defined by positive results for both tests. If either positive BAL GM or positive BAL PCR results defined test positivity, the sensitivity was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.65–0.92), and the specificity was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.70–0.91)ConclusionsIn terms of optimal sensitivity and specificity, a GM OD cutoff of 0.5 was determined for BAL samples. Positivity for both GM and Aspergillus PCR in BAL makes a pulmonary aspergillosis highly likely.
Evaluation of pretransplant factors predicting cardiac dysfunction following high‐dose melphalan conditioning and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Bleeker Jonathan S. , Gertz Morie A. , Pellikka Patricia A. , Larson Dirk R. , Buadi Francis , Dingli David , Dispenzieri Angela , Hayman Suzanne R. , Hogan William , Kumar Shaji , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Lacy Martha Q. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundCardiac complications following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are emerging as a significant concern given the increasing utilization of HSCT for a variety of hematologic malignancies.MethodsWe utilized an existing database to determine the frequency of cardiac dysfunction (CD), namely a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction, following conditioning with high‐dose melphalan (HDM) and autologous HSCT for multiple myeloma (MM) and systemic amyloidosis (AL). We then performed a case–control study to examine variables associated with increased risk of CD in this population.ResultsIn MM patients undergoing HSCT, the rate of CD was 1.6% (17/1050, 95% CI: [0.9, 2.6]). None of the examined pre‐HSCT variables or HDM dose were significantly associated with development of CD in this population. In patients with AL, the rate of CD was 5.6% (24/426, 95% CI: [3.6, 8.3]). On univariate analysis, decision to administer an HDM dose <200 mg/m2 [odds ratio (OR): 4.59 (1.27–16.57) P = 0.02], pretransplant left ventricular ejection fraction <60% [OR: 17.78 (2.29–138.33) P = 0.006], and documented amyloid involvement of ≥3 organs [OR: 4.0 (1.03–15.6) P = 0.046] were associated with the development of CD in the AL population. No other examined peri‐transplant factors were associated with development of CD.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first series to report a significant rate of CD following HDM conditioning and autologous HSCT in patients with AL.
Experimental and computational analysis of soft tissue mechanical response under negative pressure in forearm
Authors: Iivarinen Jarkko T. , Korhonen Rami K. , Julkunen Petro , Jurvelin Jukka S. 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundInstrumentation, relying on the use of negative pressure (suction), has been introduced to reduce pathological tissue swelling. Then, relative contribution of skin, adipose tissue and muscle, to the overall mechanical response is not known.MethodsUnder suction, stretch of soft tissues in the forearm of human subjects (N = 11) was experimentally measured at rest and under venous occlusion. Three dimensional, fibril‐reinforced hyperelastic finite element (FE) model was constructed, the model response was matched with the experimental measurement and the mechanical characteristics of each tissue were derived. Parametric analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of different tissues on the total stretch.ResultsThe model suggested that, at large strains, the stretch response was more sensitive to changes in the elastic modulus of skin than those in adipose tissue. During venous occlusion, reduction of the stretch of forearm tissues was related to stiffening of the skin and adipose tissue, as evidenced by increased modulus of 27 ± 21% and 35 ± 26%, respectively.ConclusionThe method based on suction may be used to diagnose and monitor changes in properties of soft tissues, especially those of skin, as well as tissue swelling typical to pathological conditions such as oedema.
Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes and Bone Loss around Titanium Implants with Oxidized Surface: Six‐Year Follow‐Up Results from a Prospective Case Series Study
Authors: Francetti Luca , Azzola Francesco , Corbella Stefano , Taschieri Silvio , Del Fabbro Massimo 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTPurpose: The aim of this prospective study was to assess long‐term clinical outcomes and peri‐implant bone level changes around oxidized implants supporting partial fixed rehabilitations.Materials and Methods: Twenty‐two partially edentulous patients were included in the study. A total of 33 fixed rehabilitations were placed, supported by 54 titanium implants with oxidized microtextured surface. Prostheses were delivered after 3 and 6 months of implant placement in the mandible and maxilla, respectively. Patients were scheduled for follow‐up at 6 and 12 months and then yearly. At each follow‐up, plaque level and bleeding scores were assessed and periapical radiographs were taken. The main outcomes were prosthesis success, implant survival, implant success, and marginal bone level change.Results: Three patients were excluded from the study because they did not attend the 1‐year follow‐up. Nineteen patients, accounting for 49 implants, were followed for at least 6 years after prosthesis delivery. The mean follow‐up duration was 81.8 months (range 75–96 months). One mandibular single‐tooth implant failed after 1 year in a smoker woman. Cumulative implant survival and success at 6 years were 98.0% and 95.9%, respectively. Prosthesis success was 96.7%. The mean peri‐implant bone loss at 6 years was 0.76 ± 0.47 mm. Not significantly (p = .75) greater bone loss was found in the maxilla (0.78 ± 0.14 mm, n = 19) as compared with the mandible (0.74 ± 0.59 mm, n = 30). In the maxilla, bone loss was significantly greater around implants supporting partial prostheses as compared with single‐tooth implants (p = .03). Full patient satisfaction was reported.Conclusion: Implants with oxidized microtextured surface may achieve excellent long‐term clinical outcomes in the rehabilitation of partial edentulism.
Effects of Food Availability on Space and Refuge Use by a Neotropical Scatterhoarding Rodent
Authors: Emsens Willem‐Jan , Suselbeek Lennart , Hirsch Ben T. , Kays Roland , Winkelhagen Annemarie J. S. , Jansen Patrick A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAnimals that rely on refuges for safety can theoretically increase their foraging area without simultaneously increasing predation risk and travel costs by using more refuges. The key prediction of this theory, a negative correlation between food abundance, home range size and the number of refuges used, has never been empirically tested. We determined how home range size and refuge use by the Central American agouti (Dasyprocta punctata) varied across a gradient of abundance of the agoutis' principal food source: seeds and fruits of the palm Astrocaryum standleyanum. We used both manual and automated radio telemetry to measure space use of 11 agoutis during 2 mo of the Astrocaryum fruiting season, and of another set of 10 agoutis during 6 mo in which the animals largely relied on cached Astrocaryum seeds. We found that agoutis living in areas of lower food density had larger home ranges, and that all individuals used multiple refuges. The number of refuges, however, was not correlated with home range size. Consequently, agoutis that had larger home ranges roamed farther from their refuges. These results suggest that agoutis increase their home range size in response to food scarcity at the cost of their safety.
Chemical and behavioral analysis of the cuticular hydrocarbons from Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri
Authors: Mann Rajinder S. , Rouseff Russell L. , Smoot Jack , Rao Nandikeswara , Meyer Wendy L. , Lapointe Stephen L. , Robbins Paul S. , Cha Dong , Linn Charles E. , Webster Francis X. , Tiwari Siddharth , Stelinski Lukasz L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHuanglongbing (HLB) is the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is the vector of the phloem‐inhabiting bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, which is presumed to cause HLB in Florida citrus. Laboratory and field studies were conducted to examine the behavioral responses of male and female D. citri to their cuticular extracts. In olfactometer assays, more male D. citri were attracted to one, five, or 10 female cuticular extract equivalent units than blank controls. The results were confirmed in field studies in which clear or yellow traps baited with 10 female cuticular extract equivalent units attracted proportionately more males than clear traps baited with male cuticular extract or unbaited traps. Analyses of cuticular constituents of male and female D. citri revealed differences between the sexes in chemical composition of their cuticular extracts. Laboratory bioassays with synthetic chemicals identified from cuticular extracts indicated that dodecanoic acid attracted more males than clean air. Traps baited with dodecanoic acid did not increase total catch of D. citri as compared with blank traps at the dosages tested; however, the sex ratio of psyllid catch was male biased on traps baited with the highest lure loading dosage tested (10.0 mg).
3‐D Milk Fouling Modeling of Plate Heat Exchangers with Different Surface Finishes Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Codes
Authors: Choi W. , Jun S. , Nguyen L.T. , Rungraeng N. , Yi H. , Balasubramanian S. , Puri V.M. , Lee J. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTMilk fouling and self‐cleanability of the heat exchanger surface during the pasteurization process has gained attention from industries as well as academia. In particular, the antifouling mechanism associated with plate corrugation profiles causing the extreme turbulent flow scheme and surface coatings to reduce the surface energy is uncertain. This study was aimed to develop a computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) model in three‐dimensional (3‐D) environment, which could estimate antifouling performances of plate heat exchangers (PHEs) during milk pasteurization process. It was the first attempt to simulate the fouling and temperature distribution patterns on realistic corrugated surfaces of PHE unit with different surface treatments. The conventional stainless steel surface and stainless steel plates coated with Lectrofluor 641 and graded Ni‐P‐polytetrafluoroethylene were compared for their antifouling performances. A transient 3‐D fouling model was developed based on heat and mass transfer equations, and fouling kinetics involving diffusion and protein adhesion mechanisms. Pattern and size of corrugations of actual PHE were measured and subsequently used to build 3‐D solid geometry using AutoCAD (Autodesk, San Rafael, CA). The geometry file was meshed using Gambit software (Fluent Inc., Lebanon, NH) and further transferred to CFD codes. Fouling predictions based on chemical kinetics and the temperature‐dependent parameters accounting for different surface energy values were close to experimental data within a maximum prediction error of 7%. The developed 3‐D fouling model is expected to meet the demand of food industries to correlate the surface energy with the self‐cleanability of food thermal process equipments and seek the theoretical solution.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMilk‐fouling phenomena of plate heat exchangers (PHEs) result in an increase of energy consumption, extra maintenance, higher labor costs and a decrease in the productivity. In addition, fouling deposits can cause the growth of unwanted microorganisms on the corrugated surfaces of PHEs. In this study, the transient three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics model was developed to describe fouling phenomena in consideration of realistic corrugation profiles and estimate the amount of surface fouling based on the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic performances of the PHEs and surface characteristics (conventionally uncoated stainless steel [SS‐316] and stainless steel surfaces with Lectrofluor 641 and graded Ni‐P‐polytetrafluoroethylene).
Evaluation of Zerovalent Zinc for Treatment of 1,2,3‐Trichloropropane‐Contaminated Groundwater: Laboratory and Field Assessment
Authors: Salter‐Blanc Alexandra J. , Suchomel Eric J. , Fortuna John H. , Nurmi James T. , Walker Chris , Krug Tom , O'Hara Suzanne , Ruiz Nancy , Morley Theresa , Tratnyek Paul G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe efficacy and feasibility of using zerovalent zinc (ZVZ) to treat 1,2,3‐trichloropropane (TCP)‐contaminated groundwater was assessed in laboratory and field experiments. In the first portion of the study, the reactivity of commercially available granular ZVZ toward TCP was measured in bench‐scale batch‐reactor and column experiments. These results were used to design columns for on‐site pilot‐scale treatment of contaminated groundwater at a site in Southern California. Two of the ZVZ materials tested were found to produce relatively high rates of TCP degradation as well as predictable behavior when scaling from bench‐scale to field testing. In addition, there was little decrease in the rates of TCP degradation over the duration of field testing. Finally, no secondary impacts to water quality were identified. The results suggest that ZVZ may be an effective and feasible material for use in engineered treatment systems, perhaps including permeable reactive barriers.
Home Market Effects of Foreign Trade in China's Manufacturing Sector: Analysis Using International Standard Industry Classification Panel Data
Authors: Li Huizhong , Qi Fei , Zhang Shaoxuan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we use 2002–2008 International Standard Industry Classification two‐digit bilateral trade panel data for manufacturing industries in China and the OECD countries to test for the existence of home market effects. We find that significant home market effects exist in 8 out of 12 industries. These industries include the food, beverage and tobacco industry, wood products, the paper products and printing industry, chemical products, other non‐metallic mineral products, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, and miscellaneous products and waste resources recycling industry. Textile, clothing and leather manufacturing, oil refining and nuclear fuel manufacturing, rubber and plastics, and basic metals and fabricated metal products industries do not exhibit home market effects. Indeed, strong reverse home market effects occur for oil refining and nuclear fuel manufacturing and for the rubber and plastics industry. The empirical results reveal that certain industries benefit from new export opportunities due to the expansion of domestic demand in China.
China's Regional Inequality in Innovation Capability, 1995–2006
Authors: Fan Peilei , Wan Guanghua , Lu Ming 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper assesses both interregional and intraregional innovation inequality in China from 1995 to 2006. It is revealed that the east–central–west inequality has increased over time, whereas the inter‐provincial inequality showed a V‐pattern until 2003; Both inequality measures oscillated from 2004 to 2006. Using a decomposition framework recently developed by one of the authors, we determined that the major factors driving innovation inequality are population, economic development level, R&D, location and openness. The aggravated innovation inequality reflects the growth of China's innovation centers in the eastern region and their admission into the global innovation networks. The fact that R&D is a major factor driving the inequality suggests that, considered in the present study, the efficiency of R&D investment improved in certian regions during the period (1995–2006). Finally, geographic location and openness affect innovation inequality primarily through the coupled evolution of innovation capability and economic development, resulting in first‐mover advantages to provinces of the eastern region.
Migration Experience of Village Leaders and Local Economic Development: Evidence from Rural China
Authors: Hu Feng , Wu Sanmang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of migration experience of village leaders on local economic development, based on the village‐level data of the 2005 China General Social Survey. Our results show that the human capital of village leaders accumulated during the migration period has had a positive effect on per capita net income and per capita non‐agricultural income in rural China. The migration experience of village leaders also plays a positive role in entrepreneurial activities in rural regions. From a policy perspective, these findings call attention to the importance of harnessing potential benefits of return migration to local economic development in rural China.