bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cars and Culture
Authors: Volti Rudi 
Published: June 2024

More than any other artifact of modern technology, the automobile has shaped our physical, social, and cultural environment. At the same time, the history of the automobile demonstrates how decisions made by governments, entrepreneurs, and the general public have strongly affected the automobile's evolution.Cars and Culturesprovides a succinct yet comprehensive history of the automobile. While the book highlights the technical changes that altered the appearance and performance of automobiles, it also explores the political, economic, social, and cultural forces that shaped the car's development. Because of the wide-ranging impact of the automobiles, no history would be complete without covering the components essential for our automotive-based transportation system—roads and highways, gasoline production, traffic laws, governmental regulation— as well as the other aspects of our social and cultural history that were deeply affected by the history of the automobile—labor unions, suburbanization, travel and recreation, and the fast-food industry.
Anyone fascinated by the history of the automobile will find much of interest in this volume. Students and general readers will find such information as: • 4,192 cars produced in the U.S. in 1900, 1,681 were steam-powered, 1,575 were electrics, and only 936 used internal combustion engines • General John Pershing organized a convoy of 79 trucks that crossed the U.S. from Washington to San Francisco in 1919. Hampered by the poor state of the roads upon which they traveled, the trucks averaged only fifty miles a day, and needed 56 days to complete their journey • In 1960, the entire Japanese automobile industry exported fewer than 1000 cars to the United States; by the early 1980s, it became such a threat to the U.S. auto industry that the U.S. government limited Japanese imports to 1.65millioncars per year.
Although focused on the United States, it is global in scope, with comparisons to how the automobile developed in Europe, Japan, and elsewhere. The volume includes a chronology of the automobile's evolution, a glossary of technical terms, a selected bibliography, and more than 20 photographs and illustrations.
The Challenge of Same-Sex Marriage
Authors: Strasser Mark 
Published: June 2024

In November 1998, the Hawaii and Alaska electorates voted to amend their state constitutions so that same-sex marriages would not have to be recognized. Rather than end the controversy surrounding same-sex marriages, the passage of these amendments will only spur more litigation, because the referenda themselves implicate constitutional guarantees and because amending a state constitution cannot lessen federal constitutional protections. Since same-sex marriages promote many of the same individual and state interests that opposite-sex marriages do, states will be unable to justify their same-sex marriage bans if those rationales are closely examined. When challenged, the recent constitutional amendments in Hawaii and Alaska may well be held unconstitutional by the state supreme courts on federal constitutional grounds, although ultimately the United States Supreme Court will likely be asked to resolve the relevant issues.
Suppose that state same-sex marriage bans are held not to violate federal constitutional guarantees, but that one state nonetheless recognizes such unions. The other states will be permitted to refuse to recognize marriages celebrated in that state only if certain conditions have been met. Contrary view notwithstanding, the law of nature exception will not apply in this case. Further, even the Defense of Marriage Act will likely not afford states the right to refuse to recognize any and all same-sex marriages validly celebrated in sister states.
Computers
Authors: Ferro David L. , Swedin Eric G. 
Published: June 2024

The computer is the great technological and scientific innovation of the last half of the twentieth century. It has revolutionized how we organize information, how we communicate with each other, and even the way that we think about the human mind. Computers have eased the drudgery of such tasks as calculating sums and clerical work, making them both more bearable and more efficient. The computer has become ubiquitous in many aspects of business, recreation, and everyday life, and the trend is that they are becoming both more powerful and easier to use.Computers: The Life Story of a Technologyprovides an accessible overview of this ever changing technology, giving students and lay readers an understanding of the complete scope of its history from ancient times to the present day.
The volume includes a glossary of terms, a timeline of important events, and a selected bibliography of useful resources for further information.
Conflict in Korea
Authors: Pares Susan , Hoare James E. 
Published: June 2024

This invaluable encyclopedia covers all aspects of the conflict in Korea, principally from 1945 to the present.
Conflict in Koreafeatures A–Z entries, many of them illustrated, and covers people, events, places, political parties, treaties and agreements, the origins of the conflict, and the involvement of the superpowers, China, and the United Nations. A substantial number of the entries deal with the Korean War itself, but many others focus on developments since the cease-fire of July 1953.
Entries cover topics such as abductions and assassinations; the "axe murders" of 1976; border incidents along the 38th parallel; defections, the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ); espionage, family reunions, food shortages, and the Korean War in literature and film. Of further use to readers are a chronology, maps, bibliography, and subject index.
Conflicting Communication Interests in America
Authors: McCourt Tom 
Published: June 2024

Public broadcasting has changed dramatically since its founding in 1967. The growing equation of marketplace efficiency with the public interest has, in Tom McCourt's analysis, undermined the value of public goods and services. In addition, political and cultural discourse is increasingly beset by fragmentation. Public radio provides an exemplary site to examine the prospects and problems of contemporary public life.
Beginning with a description of the events that led to the creation of National Public Radio, McCourt discusses the relationship between NPR and its affiliate stations and the ways in which struggles over funding and programming have affected public radio's agenda. He also examines how public radio incorporates the roles of public representatives into its operations and how its methods to determine the needs and interests of the public have changed across the system's history. The social, political, and economic pressures that have impacted the mission and practices of National Public Radio, McCourt asserts, are manifest in all areas of American life. Through extensive historical research, he examines whether American public broadcasters, as represented by NPR, have succeeded or failed to engender an enlightened, participatory democracy.
Crossroads of Intervention
Authors: Greentree Todd 
Published: June 2024

The challenges that vex the United States today in Iraq, Afghanistan, and elsewhere are not altogether as new and unique as they seem. U.S. involvement in Central America during the 1980s clearly demonstrated the costs, risks, and limits to intervention and the use of force in internal conflicts. Much can be learned today about the nature of irregular warfare from the experiences of the United States and the other protagonists in Central America during the final phase of the Cold War. The U.S. perceived a threat to national security in these wars from determined insurgents with a compelling revolutionary ideology and powerful allies that linked them to other conflicts around the world. This strategy and policy analysis makes a new contribution to irregular warfare theory through an examination of the origins, strategic dynamics, and termination of the Sandinista insurrection in Nicaragua, the decade long counterinsurgency of the Salvadoran government against the FMLN guerrillas, and the concurrent Contra insurgency against the Sandinistas.
Many of the lessons about the fundamental and recurring nature of irregular warfare are being rediscovered in the current challenges of radical Islam, Iraq, Afghanistan, and elsewhere, despite the great differences in circumstance, culture, and geography. In the Central American case, three successive Presidents encountered serious domestic controversy over U.S. policies and refrained from sending U.S. combat troops to intervene directly. Most importantly, they prudently heeded warnings that internal wars of all types are rarely subject to military solutions, because their natures are equally and fundamentally political. Greentree presents his argument as a strategy and policy case study of the civil wars in Nicaragua and El Salvador during the final decade of the Cold War. The book comprises an examination of the origins, strategic dynamics, and termination of these wars from the points of view of the main participants—Nicaragua, El Salvador, Cuba, the Soviet Union, and the United States. It also develops a general conceptual framework for understanding the nature of insurgency, counterinsurgency, revolution, and intervention that builds on classic strategic theory and contemporary thought on irregular warfare. From the perspective of global superpower conflict, the wars in Central America were peripheral small wars or low intensity conflicts. However, for the internal protagonists these were total and bloody wars for survival. Involvement in such wars has been cyclical in the U.S. experience, and it is misfortunate, if not tragic, that the greatly similar problems encountered across widely varying circumstances are quickly forgotten.
The Cuban Americans
Authors: Gonzalez-Pando Miguel 
Published: June 2024

Today more than one million emigrés make up the Cuban diaspora, and many, though living in America, still consider themselves part of Cuba. This book captures the struggles and dreams of Cuban Americans. Using this resource, students, teachers, and interested readers can examine the engaging and often controversial details of Cuban immigration. Such details include patterns of immigration, adaptation to American life and work, cultural traditions, religious traditions, women's roles, the family, adolescence, language, and education. Because the author is himself a Cuban American, he does not treat the emigr^D'es as mere subjects nor does he tell their story in statistical terms alone. As an insider, he delves deeply into the soul of the community to illustrate all the dimensions of the Cuban American experience.
Gonzalez-Pando's unique vantage point yields not just a detailed account of major events that have influenced the development of the Cuban exile community in the United States, but also a knowledgeable interpretation of the impact of those events. He focuses on the community's self-identification as exiles, showing how these reluctant emigr^D'es have found the strength to succeed in America without surrendering their sense of national and cultural identity. A timeline of Cuban American history, biographical sketches of 20 noted Cuban Americans, a bibliography, and photos complete the text. Like its subjects, this book is thought-provoking and inspiring.
Defending and Parenting Children Who Learn Differently
Authors: Teel Scott 
Published: June 2024

Teel incorporates the fascinating story of Nancy Edison's love for her son Thomas, who had been labeled unteachable, then presents us with the wider array of and issues for children who learn differently.
We all know Thomas Edison was a genius of seemingly limitless imagination. Yet few know he was a failure in elementary school. Teel shows us how Edison's mother, Nancy, guided the boy deemed a dunce by officials—even assumed mentally retarded by his father—to become one of the greatest inventors of all time. Edison's progressive and imaginative teaching methods hold lessons even today for all children who learn differently from conventional methods, as well as for the parents and teachers who care about them. Teel also explains how parents can negotiate the educational maze created by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). An Individualized Education Program is explained in detail, and options such as enlisting the assistance of a professional advocate are also discussed.
The latest research about current medication therapies and the origins plus potential benefits of ADHD are reviewed. A leading professional advocate explains what every parent needs to know about the public school system. Other topics addressed include the effectiveness of home schooling and parental and student rights. An extensive list of local and national resources is also offered.
The Deviant Mystique
Authors: Grills Scott , Prus Robert 
Published: June 2024

Adopting a symbolic interactionist perspective and building extensively on the ethnographic research tradition, this book analyzes the mystique that often accompanies deviance by examining deviance as an ongoing feature of community life. Because deviance is approached in nonprescriptive ways, as a product of community interchange, the emphasis here is on the ways in which deviance is defined, engaged, and regulated. It is examined as the product of human association, as something that is generated by people as they interact with one another, assume viewpoints and initiatives, and try to influence and resist one another within the context of community life. Prus and Grills do not attempt to address various deviant behaviors; instead, they provide readers with a glimpse into how deviance is formulated, practiced, viewed, and treated.
Who defines deviance? Why? What are the effects of deviance on others? How do subcultures form? These and other questions are answered in this unique approach to the study of deviance. Providing a conceptually coherent framework for approaching the study of deviance as an ongoing feature of the human community, the authors pay special attention to the many theaters of operation in which people come together and engage one another with respect to morality and deviance. Recognizing that audience definitions of deviance are pivotal to community notions of reality and actual interaction, consideration is given to the interrelated processes of defining deviance, identifying deviants, regulating deviance informally and formally, and experiencing treatment and disinvolvement. This thoughtful consideration serves to shed new light on the mystique that has been created around ideas about deviance.
Encyclopedia of Ellis Island
Authors: Moreno Barry 
Published: June 2024

Ellis Island, at the southern tip of Manhattan, was the major portal for European immigrants to the United States and looms large in 19th century and early 20th century history. After extensive restoration, today it is a national symbol and important museum. Authored by a noted historian and librarian at the Ellis Island Immigration Museum, this is the first encyclopedia devoted to the Island, documenting its various incarnations. It contains more than 430 essay entries on the crucial people, operations, rooms and buildings, events, immigration laws and acts, organizations, and other terms associated with the island's history.
This ready reference is perfect for synthesizing information for student reports on immigration and heritage. Genealogists and browsers will find this captivating reading as well. A chronology, primary document appendixes, and plentiful photos are added value.
European Politics into the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Slomp Hans 
Published: June 2024

This short and simple introduction to European politics, which includes Western and Eastern Europe as well as Russia, demonstrates how European nations have attempted to cope with division within Europe and in international politics. Highlighting differences with U.S. politics, Slomp examines the European system from various perspectives, including geography, religion, economics, and social composition. Two separate chapters discuss relations within the European Union as well as its interaction with nations outside the group. Tables and figures provide a wealth of information on the location of minorities, the ideological spectrum, and social policies.
Directed toward both an American and a European readership, this study includes information about the importance of ethnicity and religion, the impact of new migration waves, and the position of the labor movement. It covers the role of political parties, the Americanization of election campaigns, and the prevalence of coalition governments. A chapter on European style civil society focuses on the influence of pressure groups, the popularity of formal business/trade union/government contracts, the mass media, local politics, and federal political systems. Every chapter deals with the social transformation of the former communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. A final section contains a brief description of all the nations by groupings.
Evaluating, Improving, and Judging Faculty Performance in Two-Year Colleges
Authors: Finley Charles , Vancko Candace S. , Miller Richard I. 
Published: June 2024

With nearly 48 percent of all U.S. undergraduates attending community and technical colleges, the two-year sector is an integral part of our nation's higher education system and a vital part of our nation's future. The need for effective faculty evaluation and professional development within two-year colleges stems partly from the size of this sector and also from the diversity of its program offerings and its student body. Miller and his co-authors bring timely, authoritative, and practical material to two audiences in this rapidly growing field of education: first, teachers who have permanent appointments but could use professional development and improvement; and, second, the already large and still growing number of part-time instructors who could use more evaluating and improving. This book is intended to be a direct assistance for these groups as well as to administrators who must make personal decisions.
This professional book is for human resource managers and staff development officers of two-year colleges. A greater emphasis needs to be placed on human resource management, according to Miller and his co-authors, that will result in better personnel decision making.
Events That Changed Germany
Authors: Thackeray Frank W. 
Published: June 2024

Since the middle of the 19th century, Germany has found itself variously engaged at the vanguard of the Industrial Age, at the heart of the European nationalistic contest, as the birthplace of the Holocaust and World War II, and as the symbolic setting of the Soviet Union's fall; but wherever one places Germany's foremost significance today, there is no denying the fact that an understanding of German history over the past 150 years is central to an understanding of Europe over that same period. Germany's persistent struggle to create and uphold a unified nation within its ever-shifting borders has impacted at one time or another almost every corner of Europe. Editor Frank Thackeray, with the ten essays included in this volume, has put forth an excellent aid for students and general readers alike interested in learning what Germany is, who it was, and what the factors were that led to its several modern manifestations upon the world's stage.
Ten topical chapters on the following selected events are included in this volume: The Revolutions of 1848, 1848-1849; The Unification of Germany; Industrialization; The Pursuit of Weltpolitik; World War I; The Collapse of the Weimar Republic; The Hitler Experience; World War II; West Germany's Economic and Political Miracle; and The Reunification of Germany. Also included in this volume are a timeline of major events, supplementary illustrations, and introductions that present relevant factual material for the topical chapters in a clear, concise, chronological order. Selected bibliographies follow every chapter, and two appendices complete the work—one containing a glossary of names, events, organizations, and terms beyond the glossary, and the other containing a statistical compendium of elections from 1871 to 2003.Events That Changed Germany since 1848is part of theHistory of the Modern Nationsseries.
Experiment-Research Methodology in Marketing
Authors: Patzer Gordon 
Published: June 2024

A thorough presentation of the use, types, and applications of experiments in marketing research. The presentation shows that experiment research can benefit marketing research immensely. As a consequent, the information collected throught an experiment can be invaluable to assist marketing decision makers. This book will therefore be of value to marketing researchers and students of marketing research, and will also be of value to marketing practitioners and general managers in business and non-business organizations.
This book explains that the primary reason that experiments are valuable to assist decision making involves the concept of causality—a relationship in which a change in one variable causes a change in another variable (i.e., cause-and-effect relationship). Three criteria required to properly conduct an experiment that allows inferences about cause-and-effect relationships with reasonable certainty are: (1) evidence of association, (2) appropriate timing, and (3) elimination of alternative explanations.
Failed Transition, Bleak Future?
Authors: Peimani Hooman 
Published: June 2024

Peimani challenges the practical indifference of many Western and non-Western countries with interests in Central Asia and the Caucasus to their plight. Independence in 1991 suddenly worsened all the economic and social problems of the countries of the Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia) and Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan). Their failure to address their numerous economic problems and to develop their economies has created a suitable ground for the rise of social and political popular dissent, including ethnic conflicts, in all these multi-ethnic countries.
Concerned about the stability of their political systems, their ruling elites have all opted for authoritarianism. The prevailing intolerance of dissent and the suppression of opposition, political parties have paved the way for the emergence of anti-government extremist ideologies and political groups. The domestic situation has become ripe for the rise of violent political activities and ethnic conflicts, with a great possibility for their escalation to civil wars. The ethnic structure of both the Caucasus and Central Asia makes their development into inter-state wars a strong possibility. The unsettled ethnic and territorial conflicts within and between countries, which turned into wars in the early 1990s, could easily re-emerge. There is a potential for the further escalation of military conflicts in those regions because of the intentional or unintentional intervention of Iran, China, Turkey, Russia, and the United States, which have long-term interests in the two regions. Given the geographical characteristics of the Caucasus and Central Asia as a link between Asia and Europe, war and instability in those regions could destabilize the two continents hosting six declared nuclear powers. Of particular interest to scholars and other researchers involved with Eurasian, Central Asian, and Caucasian countries.