bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of paper-making techniques for the production of Li-ion paper-batteries
Authors: Jabbour Lara , Chaussy Didier , Beneventi Davide , Destro Matteo , Penazzi Nerino , Gerbaldi Claudio 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Papermaking techniques were used for the production of low-cost and easily recyclables Li-ion paper-cells with an average grammage of 314 g m-2, a thickness of 726 μm and a specific capacity of about 90 mAh g-1. Paper electrodes, anode and cathode, were prepared using micrometric-sized graphite and LiFePO4as inorganic filler and sheets of paper were used as separator between them.
Changes over time in sexual behaviour among young people with different levels of educational attainment in Tanzania
Authors: Hargreaves James R , Slaymaker Emma , Fearon Elizabeth , Howe Laura D 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundHIV prevalence trends in Tanzania differ between socioeconomic groups. While HIV prevalence was initially higher among those with higher levels of educational attainment, it has fallen fastest among these groups. Among those with lower levels of education HIV prevalence has been stable. The behavioural dynamics underlying this phenomenon remain unclear, and a theory to guide interpretation of these trends and enable predictions of future patterns has not emerged.MethodsWe analysed data from two large nationally representative surveys conducted in Tanzania in 2003/2004 and 2007/2008. We focused on young people aged 15 to 24 years and explored reports of (i) first sex, (ii) having had more than one sexual partner in the last year and (iii) unprotected last sex with a non‐cohabiting partner. Our analysis explored whether the behaviours differed by educational attainment in 2003/2004 and in 2007/2008, and whether changes over time in these behaviours differed between educational groups.ResultsThe rate of first sex was lower among more educated males in 2007/2008 but not in 2003/2004, and among females in both surveys. The change over time in educational patterning of the rate of first sex in males was mostly due to a declining rate among the secondary educated groups. Among males, having had more than one sexual partner in the last year was associated with lower education in 2003/2004 and in 2007/2008. Among females, those with less education were more likely to report more than one partner in 2003/2004, although by 2007/2008 there was little association between education and reporting more than one partner. Unprotected last sex with a non‐cohabiting partner was less common among the more educated. Among both sexes this decreased over time among those with no education and increased among those with secondary education.ConclusionsPatterns of behaviour suggest that differences in HIV incidence might explain trends in HIV prevalence among different educational groups in Tanzania between 2003/2004 and 2007/2008. The “inverse equity hypothesis” from child health research might partially help explain the changing social epidemiology of HIV incidence in Tanzania.
How a masculine work ethic and economic circumstances affect uptake of HIV treatment: experiences of men from an artisanal gold mining community in rural eastern Uganda
Authors: Siu Godfrey E , Wight Daniel , Seeley Janet 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundCurrent data from Uganda indicate that, compared to women, men are under‐represented in HIV treatment, seek treatment later and have a higher mortality while on antiretroviral therapy (ART). By focusing on a masculine work ethic as one of the most predominant expressions of masculinity, this study explores why for some men HIV treatment enhances their masculinity while for others it undermines masculine work identity, leading them to discontinue the treatment.MethodsParticipant observation and 26 in‐depth interviews with men were conducted in a gold mining village in Eastern Uganda between August 2009 and August 2010. Interviewees included men who were taking HIV treatment, who had discontinued treatment, who suspected HIV infection but had not sought testing, or who had other symptoms unrelated to HIV infection.ResultsMany participants reported spending large proportions of their income, alleviating symptoms prior to confirming their HIV infection. This seriously undermined their sense of masculinity gained from providing for their families. Disclosing HIV diagnosis and treatment to employers and work colleagues could reduce job offers and/or collaborative work, as colleagues feared working with“ill”people. Drug side‐effects affected work, leading some men to discontinue the treatment. Despite being on ART, some men believed their health remained fragile, leading them to opt out of hard work, contradicting their reputation as hard workers. However, some men on treatment talked about“resurrecting”due to ART and linked their current abilities to work again to good adherence. For some men, it was work colleagues who suggested testing and treatment‐seeking following symptoms.ConclusionsThe central role of a work ethic in expressing masculinity can both encourage and discourage men's treatment‐seeking for AIDS. HIV testing and treatment may be sought in order to improve health and get back to work, thereby in the process regaining one's masculine reputation as a hard worker and provider for one's family. However, disclosure can affect opportunities for work and drug side‐effects disrupt one's ability to labour, undermining the sense of masculinity gained from work. HIV support organizations need to recognize how economic and gender concerns impact on treatment decisions and help men deal with work‐related fears.
The Role of Adaptive Martensite in Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Niemann Robert , Rößler Ulrich K. , Gruner Markus E. , Heczko Oleg , Schultz Ludwig , Fähler Sebastian 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMagnetic shape memory materials require a high twin boundary mobility and low hysteresis for applications mainly as actuators, sensors, and magnetocaloric cooling elements. Usually, outstanding properties are found only in samples with a modulated martensitic structure. Here, we analyze the question why a modulated structure is beneficial and show evidence that the modulated martensite is not an equilibrium phase but a nanoscale microstructure of non‐modulated (NM) martensite. In this review, we combine results from continuum and atomistic theory, as well as local and integral measurements on the model system Ni–Mn–Ga. Following the concept of adaptive martensite the modulated phase forms to minimize elastic energy near the phase boundary by introducing low‐energy twin boundaries between lamellae of the NM martensite that have widths of a few unit cells.
Factors associated with perceived uncertainty among parents of children with undiagnosed medical conditions
Authors: Madeo Anne C. , O'Brien Kathleen E. , Bernhardt Barbara A. , Biesecker Barbara B. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractUncertainty is a pervasive characteristic of illness. Yet little is known about the individual or situational factors that contribute to perceptions of uncertainty. The present study aims to examine the factors that contribute to perceived uncertainty among parents of a child with an undiagnosed condition. Two hundred sixty‐six parents of a child, or children, affected by an undiagnosed medical condition for at least 2 years completed an electronically administered mixed‐methods survey assessing theoretical predictors of perceived uncertainty. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to identify the relationship of key variables to perceived uncertainty. Parents' perceived control and optimism were negatively associated with uncertainty (B = −4.044, P ≤ 0.001, B = −0.477, P ≤ 0.05). Subjective disease severity was positively associated with perceived uncertainty (B = 1.797, P ≤ 0.05). Our findings suggest that parents who experience greater uncertainty feel less control over their child's medical condition, which may lead to less effective coping and poorer adaptation. Parents who are less optimistic or who perceive their child's disease as more severe may benefit most from interventions that target situations where parents perceive the least control, thereby enhancing coping and ultimately, adaptation. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Ketimine substituted polyphenol: Synthesis, characterization and investigation of its thermal and electrochemical properties
Authors: Demir Hacı Ökkeş 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOxidative polycondensation of 3‐(1‐(2‐phenylhydrazono)ethyl)phenol (3‐PHEP) was studied using oxidants such as sodium hypochlorite, air (O2) and hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous alkaline medium under various polymerization conditions. The polymerization yield, molecular weight, solubility, and thermostability of the polymer were investigated. The macromolecular structure of the resulting polymer was characterized by elemental analysis, ultraviolet–visible, Fourier transform infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Thermogravimetric analysis showed poly(3‐PHEP) to be highly stable against thermo‐oxidative decomposition. Mass loss of the polymer was found to be only 16.3% at 1000°C. In addition, the highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels, electrochemical (Eg′) band gaps and optical (Eg) band gaps were calculated from cyclic voltammetry and ultraviolet–visible measurements, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 6‐Hydrazinyl‐2,4‐bismorpholino pyrimidine and 1,3,5‐Triazine Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents
Authors: Zhu Wufu , Liu Yajing , Zhao Yanfang , Wang Haiyan , Tan Li , Fan Weijie , Gong Ping 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA series of 6‐hydrazinyl‐2,4‐bismorpholino pyrimidine and 1,3,5‐triazine derivatives (5a–5l and 8a–8o) were synthesized and their chemical structures as well as the relative stereochemistry were confirmed. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against three cancer cell lines (H460, HT‐29, and MDA‐MB‐231). Several potent compounds were further evaluated against two other cell lines (U87MG, H1975). Most of the prepared compounds, particularly compounds 5c and 5j with IC50 values (0.07 and 0.05 µM, respectively) in the nM range, exhibited moderate to excellent antiproliferative activity and high selectivity against the H460 cancer cell line as compared with compound 1. The most promising compound 5j, possessing a cyano group at the 3‐position of the benzene ring, showed strong antiproliferative activity against H460, HT‐29, and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.05, 6.31, and 6.50 µM, which were 4.6‐ to 190.4‐fold more active than compound 1 (9.52, 29.24, and 36.21 µM), respectively.
Intratumoral stages of metastatic cells: A synthesis of ontogeny, Rho/Rac GTPases, epithelial‐mesenchymal transitions, and more
Authors: Bustelo Xosé R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMetastasis is one of the clinical parameters that has a strong negative influence on the prognosis of cancer patients. In recent years, significant advances have furthered our understanding of this process at the molecular and biological levels. This paper will discuss recent discoveries relating to the earliest, intra‐tumoral stages of metastasis in cancer cells, specifically focusing on: (i) the development of metastatic traits during primary tumorigenesis; (ii) intrinsic and extrinsic cancer cell programs associated with malignant traits; (iii) the intra‐tumoral migration patterns of cancer cells and the dynamic roles played by the Rho/Rac GTPases and epithelial‐mesenchymal transitions in this process; and (iv) the genetic strategies used by metastatic cancer cells to promote intra‐tumoral cell migration and their subsequent escape to peripheral tissues. Finally, the therapeutic and diagnostic relevance of this information will be discussed, as well as potential future developments.
α‐Amino‐Oximes Based on Optically Pure Limonene: A New Ligands Family for Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Ibn El Alami Mohammed Samir , El Amrani Mohamed Amin , Dahdouh Abdelaziz , Roussel Pascal , Suisse Isabelle , Mortreux André 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTA new family of bifunctional, optically pure α‐amino‐oxime ligands based on (R)‐limonene has been synthesized and used as chiral inducers for enantioselective hydrogen transfer reactions on various ketones in the presence of ruthenium catalysts. The X‐ray structures of Ru―amino‐oxime complexes are also described. Chirality 24:675–682, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical Constituents from the Aerial Parts of Lysimachia clethroides
Authors: Liang Dong , Liu Yanfei , Hao Zhiyou , Zhang Qingjian , Chen Ruoyun , Yu Dequan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA new glyceroglycolipid, 1‐O‐(9Z,12Z‐octadecadienoyl)‐3‐O‐[β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐O‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐α‐D‐galactopyranosyl] glycerol (1); a new ester, 3‐carboxyethyl‐3‐hydroxyglutaric acid 1,5‐dimethyl ester (2), together with four known compounds were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Lysimachia clethroides. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of physical data analysis (1D and 2D NMR, HR‐ESIMS) and chemical evidence.
Kinetic Resolution of Aryl Alkenylcarbinols Catalyzed by Fc‐PIP
Authors: Hu Bin , Meng Meng , Jiang Shanshan , Deng Weiping 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAn effective kinetic resolution of a variety of aryl alkenylcarbinols catalyzed by nonenzymatic acyl transfer catalyst Fc‐PIP was developed, affording corresponding unreacted alcohols in good to excellent ee value up to 99% and with selectivity factors up to 24.
Developmental roles of tribbles protein family members
Authors: Dobens Leonard L. , Bouyain Samuel 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe gene tribbles (trbl), identified 12 years ago in genetic screens for mutations that control both cell division and cell migration during embryonic Drosophila development, is the founding member of the Tribbles (Trib) family of kinase‐like proteins that have diverse roles in cell signaling, tissue homeostasis, and cancer. Trib proteins share three motifs: (1) a divergent kinase region (Trib domain) with undetermined catalytic activity, (2) a COP1 site used to direct key target proteins to the proteosome for degradation, and (3) a MEK1 site that binds and modulates MAPKK kinase activity. The notion that Tribs act as scaffolding proteins to balance signaling levels in multiple pathways retains an attractive simplicity, but given recent data showing that divergent kinases act by means of novel catalytic mechanisms, the enzymatic activity of Tribs remains untested. Here, we focus on the role of Tribs during development. Developmental analysis of Drosophila trbl phenotypes reveals tissue‐specific, sometimes contradictory roles. In mammals, multiple Trib isoforms exhibit overlapping and tissue‐specific functions. Recent data indicate the mechanism of Trib activity is conserved and requires the Trib domain. Finally, we discuss the connections between Tribs in disease and cancer that have implications for their normal roles during organogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 241:1239–1248, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lipase‐mediated hydrolysis of flax seed oil for selective enrichment of α‐linolenic acid
Authors: Rupani Banin , Kodam Kisan , Gadre Ramchandra , Najafpour Ghasem D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are important ingredients of human diet because of their prominent role in the function of human brain, eye and kidney. α‐Linolenic acid (ALA), a C18, n‐3 PUFA is a precursor of long chain PUFA in humans. Commercial lipases of Candida rugosa, Pseudomonas cepacea, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Rhizomucor miehei were used for hydrolysis of flax seed oil. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography followed by gas chromatography showed that the purified oil contained 12 triacylglycerols (TAGs) with differences in fatty acid compositions. Flax seed oil TAGs contained α‐linolenic acid (50%) as a major fatty acid while palmitic, oleic, linoleic made up rest of the portion. Among the four commercial lipases C. rugosa has preference for ALA, and that ALA was enriched in free fatty acids. C. rugosa lipase mediated hydrolysis of the TAGs resulted in a fatty acid mixture that was enriched in α‐linolenic to about 72% yield that could be further enriched to 80% yield by selective removal of saturated fatty acids by urea complexation. Such purified ALA can be used for preparation of ALA‐enriched glycerides.Practical applications: This methodology allows purifying ALA from fatty acid mixture obtained from flax seed oil by urea complexation.
Synthesis of a kairomone and other chemicals from cardanol, a renewable resource
Authors: Mmongoyo Juma A. , Mgani Quintino A. , Mdachi Stephen J. M. , Pogorzelec Peter J. , Cole‐Hamilton David J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSynthesis of a tsetse fly kairomone component (3‐propylphenol), a detergent [sodium 2‐(dec‐8‐enyl)‐6‐hydroxybenzenesulfonate], a polymer additive (1‐octene), and a detergent precursor [3‐(non‐8‐enyl)phenol] using cardanol [3‐(pentadec‐8‐enyl)phenol], has been accomplished. Both carbon–carbon double bond isomerization and metathesis methodologies were employed in the syntheses of these target molecules. The kairomone component was obtained, albeit in low yield, in three steps starting with cardanol. Synthesis of a new detergent, sodium 2‐(dec‐8‐enyl)‐6‐hydroxybenzenesulfonate, was achieved by direct metathesis of cardanol with cis‐2‐butene followed by sulfonation and basification. Finally, synthesis of 1‐octene and 3‐(non‐8‐enyl)phenol was accomplished in one pot by direct metathesis of cardanol with ethylene. These products have been characterized spectroscopically, especially using 1H and 13C NMR.
Interpretation of the complex dune morphology on Mars: dune activity, modelling and a terrestrial analogue
Authors: Silvestro S. , Fenton L. K. , Michaels T. I. , Valdez A. , Ori G. G. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTIn this work we analyze a dark erg on Mars that could be considered a mega‐dune (draa) where secondary dunes of different morphology are superposed over a main crescent‐shaped bedform (primary dune). The presence of a complex, multi‐directional wind regime is indicated as one of the main causes for the accumulation of a tall draa, presenting an analogy to the Great Sand Dunes in Colorado. In both cases, main regional winds from the SW blow in opposition to winds from the NE which are enhanced by the topography. Such a complex wind regime leads to the development of star and reversing dunes and is accurately predicted by atmospheric models on a regional and local scale. Signs of activity in the form of grainflow scars are also noted over the slip faces of many dunes, suggesting that easterly winds are actively shaping the study draa in the present‐day climatic setting. The presence of this draa on Mars suggests a complex interaction between regional and local topographically controlled flows and a consistent availability of sand. The future study of an analogue terrestrial site such as the Great Sand Dunes could be fundamental for understanding the evolution of similar Martian dune fields. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A model for evaluating the sustainability of community‐directed treatment with ivermectin in the African Program for Onchocerciasis Control
Authors: Okeibunor Joseph , Bump Jesse , Zouré Honorat G.M. , Sékétéli Azodoga , Godin Christine , Amazigo Uche V. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTOnchocerciasis is controlled by mass treatment of at‐risk populations with ivermectin. Ivermectin is delivered through community‐directed treatment (CDTI) approach. A model has been developed to evaluate the sustainability of the approach and has been tested at 35 projects in 10 countries of the African Program for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC). It incorporates quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis, taking account of two factors identified as crucial to project sustainability. These are (i) the provision of project performance information to partners, and (ii) evidence‐based support for project implementation. The model is designed to provide critical indicators of project performance of the model to implementing, coordinating, and funding partners. The model's participatory and flexible nature makes it culturally sensitive and usable by project management. This model is able to analyze the different levels involved in project implementation and arrive at a judgment for the whole project. It has inbuilt mechanisms for ensuring data reliability and validity. The model addresses the complex issue of sustainability with a cross‐sectional design focusing on how and at which operational level of implementation to strengthen a CDTI project. The unique attributes and limitations of the model for evaluating the sustainability of projects were described. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of a multivitamin, mineral and herbal supplement on cognition and blood biomarkers in older men: a randomised, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Harris Elizabeth , Macpherson Helen , Vitetta Luis , Kirk Joni , Sali Avni , Pipingas Andrew 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveNutritional and vitamin status may be related to cognitive function and decline in older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nutritional supplementation on cognition in older men.MethodThe current study was an 8‐week, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind investigation into the effects of a multivitamin, mineral and herbal supplement (Swisse Men's Ultivite®, Swisse Vitamins Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia) on cognitive performance in older men. Participants were 51 male individuals aged between 50 and 74 years, with a sedentary lifestyle. Cognitive performance was assessed at baseline and post‐treatment using a computerised battery of cognitive tasks, enabling the measurement of a range of attentional and memory processes. Blood measures of vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine were collected prior to and after supplementation.ResultsThe results of this study revealed that contextual recognition memory performance was significantly improved following multivitamin supplementation (p < 0.05). Performance on other cognitive tasks did not change. Levels of vitamin B12 and folate were significantly increased with a concomitant decrease in homocysteine, indicating that relatively short‐term supplementation with a multivitamin can benefit these risk factors for cognitive decline.ConclusionFindings from this study indicate that daily multivitamin supplementation may improve episodic memory in older men at risk of cognitive decline. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.