bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A flexible flux adjustable variable flux leakage starter‐generator for helicopters
Authors: Chen Hainiu , Fang Shuhua , Qin Ling , Wang Yicheng , Xu Qiangren 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA variable flux leakage starter‐generator structure designed for helicopters is proposed. The research focuses on investigating the current distribution mechanism of the d‐q axis to determine the feasibility of incorporating variable flux leakage (FL) in the machine model. By investigating the magnetic circuit models of machines under various operating conditions, we aim to uncover the performance advantages of variable FL starter‐generator for helicopters in different scenarios. Subsequently, a variable flux leakage starter‐generator is designed, and a prototype is implemented successfully. The experimental results validate the accuracy of the theoretical analysis conducted.
Electric vehicle load forecasting based on convolutional networks with attention mechanism and federated learning method
Authors: Bian Ruien , Wang Long , Liu Yadong , Dai Zhou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccurate forecasting of electric vehicle (EV) load is essential for grid stability and energy management. EV load forecasting is influenced by multiple factors. At present, the load forecasting model for EVs mainly uses collected sample data to build a data‐driven model. But these algorithms need to collect all the data together to train the model, ignoring the privacy of each data collection source. In a competitive market environment, each device service provider is not willing to share the sample data they store. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes an EV load diagnosis algorithm considering data privacy. Firstly, a convolutional neural network with dual attention mechanism is constructed as the basic time series forecasting model. The association rule algorithm is used to select weather data with strong associations as the inputs of the model. Each service provider uses local data to perform deep learning network. All models are then trained using a federated learning framework. During the entire training process, historical data is stored locally, and only model parameter information is shared and interacted; thus data privacy is protected. Finally, the validity of the algorithm in this paper is verified by using real collected EV load data.
Hiding image into image with hybrid attention mechanism based on GANs
Authors: Zhu Yuling , Dong Yunyun , Song Bingbing , Yao Shaowen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImage steganography is the art of concealing secret information within images to prevent detection. In deep‐learning‐based image steganography, a common practice is to fuse the secret image with the cover image to directly generate the stego image. However, not all features are equally critical for data hiding, and some insignificant ones may lead to the appearance of residual artifacts in the stego image. In this article, a novel network architecture for image steganography with hybrid attention mechanism based on generative adversarial network is introduced. This model consists of three subnetworks: a generator for generate stego images, an extractor for extracting the secret images, and a discriminator to simulate the detection process, which aids the generator in producing more realistic stego images. A specific hybrid attention mechanism (HAM) module is designed that effectively fuses information across channel and spatial domains, facilitating adaptive feature refinement within deep image representations. The experimental results suggest that the HAM module not only enhances the image quality during both the steganography and extraction processes but also improves the model's undetectability. Stego images are mixed with varying levels of noise in the training process, which can further improve robustness. Finally, it is verified that the model outperforms current steganography approaches on three datasets and exhibits good undetectability.
Practical aspects of measuring camera‐based indicators of alcohol intoxication in manual and automated driving
Authors: Zemblys Raimondas , Ahlström Christer , Kircher Katja , Finér Svitlana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCamera‐based Driver Monitoring Systems (DMS) have the potential to exploit eye tracking correlates of alcohol intoxication to detect drunk driving. This study investigates how glance, blink, saccade, and fixation metrics are affected by alcohol, and whether possible effects remain stable across three different camera setups, as well as when the driver is out‐of‐the‐loop during level 4 automated driving (Wizard‐of‐Oz setup). Thirty‐five participants drove on a test track first sober and then with increasing intoxication levels reaching a breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) of 1‰. Linear Mixed‐Effects Regression analyses showed that with increasing intoxication levels, eye blinks became longer and slower, glances and fixations became fewer and longer, and more attention was directed to the road area, at the expense of more peripheral areas. Fixation and blink metrics were more robust to changes in automation mode, whereas glance‐based metrics were highly context dependent. Not all effects of alcohol intoxication could be measured with all eye tracking setups, where one‐camera systems showed lower data availability and higher noise levels compared to a five‐camera system. This means that lab findings based on higher quality eye tracking data might not be directly applied to production settings because of hardware limitations.
Driver behaviour recognition based on recursive all‐pair field transform time series model
Authors: Xu HuiZhi , Xing ZhaoHao , Ge YongShuai , Hao DongSheng , Chang MengYing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo standardize driver behaviour and enhance transportation system safety, a dynamic driver behaviour recognition method based on the Recurrent All‐Pairs Field Transforms (RAFT) temporal model is proposed. This study involves the creation of two datasets, namely, Driver‐img and Driver‐vid, including driver behaviour images and videos across various scenarios. These datasets are subject to preprocessing using RAFT optical flow techniques to enhance the cognitive process of the network. This approach employs a two‐stage temporal model for driver behaviour recognition. In the initial stage, the MobileNet network is optimized and the GYY module is introduced, which includes residuals and global average pooling layers, thereby enhancing the network's feature extraction capabilities. In the subsequent stage, a bidirectional GRU network is constructed to learn driver behaviour video features with temporal information. Additionally, a method for compressing and padding video frames is proposed, which serves as input to the GRU network and enables intent prediction 0.2 s prior to driver actions. Model performance is assessed through accuracy, recall, and F1 score, with experimental results indicating that RAFT preprocessing enhances accuracy, reduces training time, and improves overall model stability, facilitating the recognition of driver behaviour intent.
Data‐driven predictive control of perturbed buck converters using a modified iterative feedback tuning algorithm
Authors: Moradi Kamran , Zamani Pourya , Shafiee Qobad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe most challenging aspect of utilizing model predictive controllers (MPCs), particularly those involving power electronic applications, is the extraction of a model that accurately represents the behavior of the studied system. Concerning the use of power electronic applications, as long as an MPC is used, adjusting the controller parameters brings difficulties. In addition, as the number of elements increases, it becomes harder to get the best control law out of the model. To do away with the need for model extraction, this study presents an offline data‐driven approach in conjunction with the MPC that can optimally adjust the MPC parameters based on the iterative feedback tuning (IFT) algorithm called the iterative feedback predictive controller (IFPC). The proposed method eliminates concerns regarding selecting an optimal number of algorithm iterations, thereby reducing operating costs, by introducing a modified IFT called feedback‐based IFPC (FIFPC) while simultaneously achieving optimal MPC parameters. The proposed method is applied to a constant voltage load (CVL) connected less‐than‐ideal buck converter, that is, one with perturbed filter elements and variable loads. A robust stability analysis (RSA) is performed under normal operating conditions to investigate the robustness behavior of the proposed controller. Simulation studies are presented to evaluate the proposed controller under different scenarios, such as step and abrupt load changes and measurement noise, compared with the well‐known model‐based and data‐enabled predictive controller (DeePC) approaches in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Interleaved ZVS DC‐DC converter with ultrahigh step‐down and flexible gain
Authors: Eskandary Wahid , Monfared Mohammad , Nikbahar Ali , Mahdave Ahmad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel non‐isolated ultrahigh step‐down interleaved DC‐DC converter with an extremely extended duty cycle based on the series capacitor and coupled‐inductor techniques. The proposed converter utilizes a three‐winding coupled inductor (TWCI) to enhance the step‐down conversion ratio. In contrast to conventional coupled inductor‐based step‐down converters, its voltage gain improves as the turn ratio approaches unity. Consequently, coupled inductors have significantly lower winding losses. Furthermore, there is no extra constraint on the turn ratio of the TWCI. It results in a highly flexible voltage gain and more design freedom. Other advantages of the employed series capacitor and coupled inductor techniques can be listed as, zero voltage switching (ZVS) condition for all switches, significant reduction of the total switching device power (SDP) and recovery of the energy of leakage inductors. They all reduce power losses and costs. Steady‐state analysis, derivation of voltage gain and design considerations are discussed in detail. Finally, a 200 W, 400‐to‐12 V experimental prototype is implemented to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed converter.
Ärztliche Kooperationen und Gesetz zur Modernisierung des Personengesellschaftsrechts (MoPeG)
Authors: Meschke Andreas 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDas MoPeG modernisiert das Personengesellschaftsrecht in vielen Bereichen. Es bietet vor allem Neuregelungen im Bereich der Außenrechtsfähigkeit, des Gesellschaftsregisters, der Geschäftsführung und Vertretung, der Haftung, dem Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Auflösung und Fortführung bei Beendigung der Mitgliedschaft von Gesellschaftern und bei Beschlussmängelstreitigkeit. Die Möglichkeiten zu Freiberufler-Personenhandelsgesellschaften tatsächlich zu nutzen, ist im ärztlichen Bereich den Ärztekammern überantwortet, dem diese jedoch bislang nicht nachgekommen sind.
Wie gestalte ich die Basistherapie bei rheumatologischen
Patient*innen mit maligner Vorerkrankung?
Authors: Schmalzing Marc 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungRheumatologische Therapie bei Patient*innen mit Malignomanamnese ist mit
komplexen Fragestellungen verbunden. Die European Alliance of Associations for
Rheumatology (EULAR) hat Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit Basistherapie bei
Patient*innen mit malignen Vorerkrankungen erarbeitet. Diese wurden in der
vorläufigen Version auf dem EULAR Kongress 2023 vorgestellt. Die wichtigsten
Empfehlungen werden herausgegriffen und vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Literatur
kommentiert. Die Therapie von Inflammation erscheint wichtig um das Krebsrisiko
zu reduzieren. Bei Patient*innen mit maligner Vorerkrankung sollten
Januskinaseninhibitoren (JAKi) und Abatacept zurückhaltend und nur mit Vorsicht
eingesetzt werden. Bei Vorerkrankung mit einem soliden Malignom werden
Anti-Zytokininhibitoren und bei Lymphomen Rituximab bevorzugt. Rheumatologische
Therapie bei malignen Erkrankungen, die sich nicht in Remission befinden,
bedürfen einer interdisziplinären Therapieentscheidung.
Gerinnungsaktive Medikation bei endoprothetisch versorgter proximaler Femurfraktur - Komplikationen und Mortalität unter Berücksichtigung des Versorgungszeitpunktes als Qualitätskriterium
Authors: Neumann Christoph Johannes , Kaiser Tim Dario , Smektala Rüdiger 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungEs wird international über den optimalen Operationszeitpunkt älterer Patienten mit proximaler Femurfraktur diskutiert. Eine vorbestehende Antikoagulation scheint ein wesentlicher Grund für die Verzögerung der operativen Frakturbehandlung zu sein. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Komplikations- und Sterblichkeitsraten bei älteren, antikoagulierten Hüftfrakturpatienten zu untersuchen, die zeitgerecht (< 24 h) bzw. verzögert (> 24 h) operiert wurden.Unsere Analyse basiert auf Daten der externen stationären Qualitätssicherung aus Nordrhein-Westfalen als bevölkerungsreichstem deutschen Bundesland. Wir identifizierten 13201 Patienten mit proximaler Femurfraktur unter gerinnungsaktiver Medikation und einem Mindestalter von 65 Jahren, die von Januar 2015 bis Dezember 2017 behandelt wurden.Eine verzögerte Operation war mit signifikant höheren Komplikations- und Mortalitätsraten verbunden. Mit Ausnahme einer vorbestehenden Herzinsuffizienz konnten keine Komorbiditäten identifiziert werden, die einen klaren Hinweis darauf geben könnten, warum eine Operationsverzögerung eingetreten ist.In den meisten Fällen ist bei Patienten mit gerinnungsaktiver Medikation aufgrund schwerwiegender Begleiterkrankungen insgesamt mit einem schlechteren Behandlungsergebnis zu rechnen. Wurden diese Patienten verspätet operiert, waren die Behandlungsergebnisse nochmals deutlich schlechter. Um das Risiko von Komplikationen zu verringern, sollte daher eine Operation mit einer Verzögerung von > 24 h vermieden werden.
Placenta and Intestinal Injury in Preterm Infants
Authors: Garg Padma , Weitkamp Jörn-Hendrik , McDonald Anna G. , Cilvik Sarah N. , Mir Imran , Shenberger Jeffrey S. , Olaloye Oluwabunmi , Konnikova Liza , Kallapur Suhas G. , Garg Parvesh M. 
Published: June 2024

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal conditions affecting 6 to 10% of low-birth-weight infants and remains a leading cause of death. The risk factors associated with NEC are complex and multifactorial, including preterm birth and intrauterine exposure to inflammation and hypoxia. Chorioamnionitis has been associated with intestinal injury in animal and human clinical studies. This review presents current evidence about the clinical impact of the intrauterine environment on intestinal injury during pregnancy and postpregnancy. We present information from our own clinical and laboratory research in conjunction with information collected from an extensive search in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. Prospective multicenter studies, including accurate and precise clinical, maternal, and laboratory predictors (e.g., inflammatory biomarkers), will help identify the mechanisms associated with the placental pathology, the development of NEC, and the impact of in utero-triggered inflammation on the clinical outcomes. Filling the knowledge gap to link the inflammatory surge to postnatal life will aid in identifying at-risk infants for NEC in a timely manner and facilitate the development of novel immunomodulatory treatments or interventions to improve the outcomes of these vulnerable infants.
Key Points
Effects of Sleep-Disordered Breathing on Daytime Brain Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Shibata Hiroki , Noda Akiko , Mao Yuanjie , Iwamoto Kunihiro , Okuda Masato , Okada Ippei , Miyata Seiko , Taoka Toshiaki , Yasuma Fumihiko 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to examine the influence of SDB on daytime brain activity in the community-dwelling older adults.
Material and Methods There were 81 consecutive volunteers aged 60 years or older (mean age 70.5 ± 4.8 years) who participated in the present study. Daytime brain activity was assessed by measuring the peak cortical oxygenated hemoglobin (OxyHb) levels and area under the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) curve. The respiratory event index (REI) and 3% oxygen desaturation index (3%ODI) were evaluated using a home sleep-apnea test.
Results The peak OxyHb and area under the NIRS curve were significantly lower in the participants with REI ≥ 15/h than those with REI < 15/h. The body mass index (BMI), REI, 3%ODI, and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) scores were significantly correlated with peak OxyHb levels (BMI: r = -0.202, p = 0.035; REI: r = -0.307, p = 0.003; 3%ODI: r = -0.321, p = 0.003; and ESS score: r = -0.287, p = 0.005). Also, the BMI, REI, and 3%ODI were significantly correlated with the area under the NIRS curve (BMI: r = -0.306, p = 0.003; REI: r = -0.326, p = 0.002; and 3%ODI: r =-0.313, p = 0.002), and BMI was a significant factor associated with the area under the NIRS curve.
Conclusions Brain activity during wakefulness was associated with SDB and BMI severity. A simple NIRS may yield unique information for characterizing the decline in daytime brain activity of the community-dwelling older adults.
Tolnaftate-Loaded Ethosomal Gel for Topical Delivery: Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Priya Sneh , Shridhar Preethika , Shekhara Kshema , Shenthar Susheela , Kudva Suraksha K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives Tolnaftate (TOL) is used as a topical antifungal agent but has poor skin penetration. Therefore, the present study is designed to formulate an ethosomal gel of TOL to enhance drug penetration through the skin.
Methods Using the cold method ethosomal formulations with different concentrations of ethanol and soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC) were formulated. The formulation of ethosomes was characterized by vesicle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential, % drug entrapment efficiency (EE), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimized ethosomal formula was incorporated in a 1% Carbopol hydrogel dosage. Evaluation of in vitro penetration of prepared gel was performed on goat skin using Franz diffusion cells and compared with conventional gel.
Result The ethosomal formulation EF5 showed the highest % EE (76.82%) with a small vesicle size of 210.1 nm and was selected as the optimized formulation. The SEM result shows that the vesicles were spherical, smooth, and in the 200-nm range. In vitro, permeability study shows that steady-state flux of TOL from ethosomal and conventional gels were 6.667 and 3.685 µg/cm/h, respectively (p < 0.001). It indicated that the flux of Ethosomal hydrogel (EHG) is 2.0-fold higher than conventional hydrogel (CHG); this may be due to the flexible nature of ethosomes and ethosomal core containing ethanol, which dissolves the lipid bilayer of skin and overcomes the barrier. In vitro, an antifungal study shows that the incorporation of TOL in ethosomal hydrogel retains their activity.
Conclusion From the results, it was concluded that TOL topical ethosomal gel for antifungal activity will possibly be a good choice.
Delayed Presentation of Baffle Obstruction in an Adult Post–Mustard Repair of Transposition: Computed Tomography Demonstration
Authors: Nandi Debanjan , Malhi Amarinder Singh , Shaw Manish , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAtrial switch surgery is performed in patients with transposition of the great arteries. One of the complications of this surgery is obstruction of the baffle created. We describe the computed tomography findings of one such case where there was delayed presentation of recurrent Mustard baffle obstruction in addition to pulmonary venous drainage obstruction in an adult previously operated on for intra-atrial repair of transposition of the great arteries.
Laboratory Testing for Fibrinogen Disorders: From Routine Investigations to Research Studies
Authors: Undas Anetta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCongenital and acquired fibrinogen disorders often have heterogeneous clinical phenotypes and are challenging from a laboratory perspective. Fibrinogen determination using the Clauss method remains the gold standard, while the reproducibility and significance of the thrombin time and the reptilase time are limited. Molecular testing for causative mutations in fibrinogen genes is now recommended to confirm the diagnosis of congenital fibrinogen disorders. Research assays are used to evaluate alterations to fibrin formation and properties of plasma and purified fibrinogen-derived clots, characterized by fiber thickness, the number of branches, and pore sizes. Fibrin clot permeability (permeation, porosity) using a hydrostatic pressure system represents the most commonly used method for evaluating fibrin network density. Reduced clot permeability, which denotes the reduced size of an average pore in the network, results in tighter fibrin networks, typically associated with impaired susceptibility to lysis, leading to a thrombotic tendency. Biophysical properties of fibrin clots are largely assessed using rheometry, with atomic force microscopy and nanorheology being increasingly used in disease states. Thromboelastography and thromboelastometry, a simple modification of rheometry, have been used, mainly in intensive care units, for more than 50 years. Given growing evidence for altered fibrin clot properties in diseases with elevated risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism and in some bleeding disorders, further work on standardization and validation of the assessment of fibrin clot characteristics is needed. This review summarizes the current methods used to evaluate fibrinogen abnormalities in both diagnostic and research laboratories.
Learning to think: Deterritorialization in Mona Lisa Smile and Dead Poets Society
Authors: P.J Arya , R Bhuvaneswari 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMona Lisa Smile (2003) and Dead Poets Society (1989) are two American films that made audiences across the globe reflect their learning paradigms. A rhizomatic educational ambiance helps to transform students from a state of stasis into dynamic individuals as it deterritorializes them from indoctrination by arborescent principles put forth by the ideological apparatuses of family, educational, and cultural institutions to an individual space where they can define themselves. This research paper attempts to look at Mona Lisa Smile and Dead Poets Society as visual texts that attempted to comment upon the rigidities that existed in America during the ‘Fifties’. The conclusion provides a comparison of the learning outcomes in the two sets of learners in the films selected and describes the reasons why students in Mona Lisa Smile metamorphosize into dynamic individuals committed to a definite career path.
Research on S-type fiber Bragg grating acceleration sensor for low-frequency vibration monitoring
Authors: Hong Li , Zhang Ruiming , Zhang Ruilei 
Published: June 2024

The acquisition of low-frequency vibration signals in earthquake exploration is a crucial aspect of seismic exploration technology. Addressing the difficulty current fiber optic sensors face in monitoring low-frequency vibrations, this paper proposes an acceleration sensor based on S-type Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). First, an FBG acceleration sensor model is established and theoretically analyzed. Then, the impact of structural parameters on the sensor’s sensitivity and natural frequency is examined, employing the ANSYS finite element analysis software for static stress and modal simulation analysis. Finally, a prototype is developed, and a low-frequency vibration testing system is assembled to test the sensor’s performance. The results show that the sensor has a natural frequency of 34 Hz, operates in a frequency band of 0.2–14 Hz, has a dynamic range of 63.5 dB, a lateral interference of less than 3%, a sensitivity of ∼274.45 pm/g, good linearity, and is insensitive to temperature. The findings provide a reference for the development of similar sensors and further exploration of the lower frequency limit.