bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of weed strips on aphids and aphidophagous predators in an apple orchard
Authors: Wyss Eric 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSelected weeds were used to attract antagonists of apple aphids in an apple orchard near Berne, Switzerland. In the year before the experiment, in 1991, the apple aphids Dysaphis plantaginea (Pass.) and Aphis pomi (DeGeer) and aphidophagous predators were homogenously distributed in the orchard. In April 1992, weed strips were sown between tree rows and along the border parallel to the first and the last row of trees in one part (the other part served as control). In both parts of the orchard, randomly chosen trees were controlled visually in weekly intervals in 1992 and 1993. During flowering of weeds more aphidophagous predators were observed on the apple trees within the strip‐sown area than in the control area. The most abundant and permanent aphidophagous predators were spiders, predaceous Heteroptera, Coccinellidae, and Chrysopidae. Both species of aphids were significantly less abundant in the area with weed strips than in the control area during the vegetation period. The effects of the weed strips on aphidophagous predators, and those of predators on aphids, are discussed.
Effect of bisabolangelone on development of Cydia pomonella larvae and oviposition of the females
Authors: Abivardi Cyrus , Benz Georg 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe effects of bisabolangelone on the development of codling moth larvae, Cydia pomonella L., and on ovipositional behaviour of the females were studied under laboratory conditions. Entry of the neonate larvae into apples and their development on a semi‐synthetic medium were completely inhibited when the larvae were exposed respectively to 10 μg a.i./cm2 and 20 μg a.i./ml of this compound. While concentrations of 1.25 to 5.0 μg a.i./ml bisabolangelone in the medium did not significantly affect larval development, exposure of the larvae to a higher rate (10 μg a.i./ml) resulted in 80% mortality during the first week. Nevertheless, the larvae which survived the treatments underwent further development until emergence of the adults. No significant changes in duration of larval or pupal periods were recorded.Oviposition of the females in plastic beakers, whose inner surfaces were partially painted with two concentrations of bisabolangelone (1.25 to 5.0 μg a.i./cm2), was significantly reduced and the eggs were mainly laid on the parts painted with the ethanol solvent alone. When the inner surface of the cups was completely treated (i.e. top, bottom, and side) with similar concentrations of bisabolangelone, a dramatic reduction in oviposition occurred and the eggs were mostly laid on the bottom of the beakers. While this compound did not significantly influence egg hatch, it inhibited the normal upward movement of the adults in the cups and migration of the newly hatched larvae through perforations of the lids.
Factors influencing codling moth larval response to α‐farnesene
Authors: Bradley S. J. , Suckling D. M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBehavioral responses of newly‐emerged codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) larvae to α‐farnesene were compared for a laboratory‐reared strain (‘lab’, 160 generations inbred) and a recently collected strain (‘wild’, 3 generations). Video recordings of single larvae placed 20 mm from Bond papers releasing a range of seven α‐farnesene concentrations were scored for head turning, head lifting, head direction, and movement across a Petri dish. The laboratory strain was significantly less successful at finding the treated papers than the wild strain. The lab strain was also significantly less active, shown by more random orientation, slower walking speed, less head turning and less head lifting. Both strains showed lower response to α‐farnesene concentrations less than 10−6 (w/v) α‐farnesene. Orientation, walking speed, and head turning rate were significantly higher in the presence of α‐farnesene concentrations > 10−7 w/v, for both strains. Head lifting did not show any effect from α‐farnesene. Head turning was associated with both head lifting and walking speed and this association improved with the presence of α‐farnesene. Increased attraction to odour source was correlated with improved direction finding at concentrations above 10−7 w/v. Activity factors such as head turning and walking speed influenced time to locate odour source more than orientation factors. Odour‐guided orientation to α‐farnesene in codling moth larvae was composed of both locomotory, and to a lesser extent, orientation responses, which increased in a directed fashion to the stimulus.
Foraging behaviour of the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa on tomato leaflets
Authors: van Roermund H. J. W. , van Lenteren J. C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIndividual Encarsia formosa parasitoids were observed continuously until the parasitoids flew away, either on clean tomato leaflets, on leaflets with honeydew, or on leaflets with unparasitized and parasitized whitefly larvae. Encounters with unparasitized and parasitized whitefly larvae, and contact with honeydew arrested the parasitoids on the leaflet. The walking speed increased linearly from 0.179 to 0.529 mm/s between 15 and 25–30 °C. The walking activity showed another relationship with temperature: it was below 10% at 15 and 18 °C, and increased to about 75% at 20, 25 and 30 °C. It was not affected by host encounters or by 1 to 4 ovipositions. The total handling time of hosts was between 1.8–21.8% of the total time on the leaflet. Self‐superparasitism was not observed. Conspecific‐superparasitism did occur in 14% of the encounters with hosts containing a parasitoid egg, but was not observed anymore when the parasitoid egg had hatched. Experienced parasitoids superparasitized as often as naive females. The foraging behaviour of E. formosa from landing on a leaf until departure has now been quantified and is discussed.
Density‐dependent physiological phase in a non‐migratory grasshopper Aiolopus thalassinus
Authors: Heifetz Y. , Applebaum S. W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAiolopus thalassinus thalassinus (Fabricius) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is a non‐migratory grasshopper of widespread geographical distribution, also endemic in the Tel‐Arad region of the Northern Negev of Israel, where it is liable to sporadically damage agricultural crops. Periodic sampling in uncultivated ‘batha’ and agricultural fields, conducted during 1990/1991, indicate that A. thalassinus populations exhibit seasonal fluctuations in density. Local spatial and temporal distribution, within this region, are dependent on food availability. Field observations and laboratory studies suggest that the local population of A. thalassinus exhibits genetic heterochromy unaffected by density. The duration of nymphal developmental is 34 days for nymphs reared in isolation, whereas crowded nymphs complete their development within only 21 days. No striking density related changes in gross morphometric features are evident, but, in adults from isolated culture, an increased abundance of sensilla coeloconica, presumably involved in olfactory chemoreception, may be functionally related to enhanced (23.6‐fold higher) activity of nymphs reared under crowded conditions. This higher level of activity is correlated to higher levels of energy reserves in the haemolymph ‐ lipids and carbohydrates ‐ and to increased respiration. Finally, the individual food consumption of nymphs from crowded culture is almost 5‐fold higher than that of isolated nymphs and may increase the potential for crop damage. These results are similar to those obtained with the migratory locust Locusta migratoria and support the hypothesis that non‐migratory grasshoppers exhibit some density‐dependent physiological characteristics of locusts, but do not exhibit overt chromatic or morphometric phase characteristics.
Predators mediate host plant resistance to a phytophagous pest in cabbage with glossy leaf wax
Authors: Eigenbrode Sanford D. , Moodie Susan , Castagnola Thomas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis study examined the role of generalist predators in producing higher mortality of Plutella xylostella L. (Plutellidae) larvae on glossy vs. normal‐wax cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. To test this, survival and feeding of P. xylostella were measured on individually caged glossy and normal‐wax plants with and without each of three generalist predators, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Chrysopidae), Orius insidiosus (Say) (Anthocoridae), and Hippodamia convergens Guerin‐Meneville (Coccinellidae). In the greenhouse, predators always significantly reduced survival of P. xylostella larvae on glossy plants, but never on normal‐wax plants. In the field, predators significantly reduced P. xylostella survival on glossy plants, but only C. carnea was effective on normal‐wax plants. In similar experiments with excised leaves, O. insidiosus and C. carnea were more effective predators on the glossy leaves, while H. convergens was equally effective on both kinds of leaves. Patterns for feeding were similar, but significance levels differed from those for P. xylostella survival. The greater effectiveness of predators on glossy plants is apparently due to the reported improved mobility of these animals on glossy leaf surfaces. The data also suggest that reduced mining by P. xylostella exposes the larvae to more predation on glossy plants and contributes some to the resistance. Regardless of the mechanism, resistance to P. xylostella on glossy B. oleracea appears to depend on the action of generalist predators for its full expression. This dependence on predation must be considered in the development and deployment of glossy insect‐resistant B. oleracea.
Saddle-point entropy states of equilibrated self-gravitating systems
Authors: He Ping , Kang Dong-Biao 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
In this Letter, we investigate the stability of the statistical equilibrium of spherically symmetric collisionless self-gravitating systems. By calculating the second variation of the entropy, we find that perturbations of the relevant physical quantities should be classified as long- and short-range perturbations, which correspond to the long- and short-range relaxation mechanisms, respectively. We show that the statistical equilibrium states of self-gravitating systems are neither maximum nor minimum, but complex saddle-point entropy states, and hence differ greatly from the case of ideal gas. Violent relaxation should be divided into two phases. The first phase is the entropy-production phase, while the second phase is the entropy-decreasing phase. We speculate that the second-phase violent relaxation may just be the long-wave Landau damping, which would work together with short-range relaxations to keep the system equilibrated around the saddle-point entropy states.
Prevention Educational Program of Human Rabies Transmitted by Bats in Rain Forest Preserved Area of Southern Brazilian Coast
Authors: Kikuti M. , Paploski I. A. D. , Silva M. d. C. P. , de Oliveira E. A. , da Silva A. W. C. , Biondo A. W. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryGuaraqueçaba city is a rain forest environmental protected area located on the southern coast of Brazil. Recently, the local Animal Health Service has noticed haematophagous bats feeding from humans and domestic animals, as well as bat colonies located in houses and public schools. In 2007, two non‐haematophagous bats were tested positive by direct immunofluorescence for rabies in a nearby city. Native fauna and environmental laws protect non‐haematophagous bats in Brazilian preserved areas such as Guaraqueçaba, making non‐haematophagous bat population control almost impossible. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate a simple and feasible educational protocol applied by a multi‐institutional task force in local elementary schools to prevent rabies transmitted by bats. Information was transmitted to children by video, lectures and oral question–answer section; evaluation was made by written questionnaires to teachers and students. Interinstitutional task force included public and animal health public services, a federal university and the city secretary of environment, of education, of agriculture and of animal health, and also participation of local community. Information was effectively absorbed by children when evaluated just after being given. As important, questionnaires showed that handling and playing with bats at day time was common in several elementary school students, exposing themselves to what may represent higher risk of rabies transmission than haematophagous bat feeding directly from humans. Training of teachers and students may effectively prevent rabies by bats in such communities. Insertion of this subject into science content of local elementary school educational programme was proposed in order to establish a continuing education programme on rabies transmitted by bats in environmental preserved areas.
Frequent Truncating Mutation of TFAM Induces Mitochondrial DNA Depletion and Apoptotic Resistance in Microsatellite-Unstable Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Guo Jianhui , Zheng Li , Liu Wenyong , Wang Xianshu , Wang Zemin , Wang Zehua , French Amy J. , Kang Dongchon , Chen Lin , Thibodeau Stephen N. , Liu Wanguo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is required for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and transcription. Disruption of TFAM results in heart failure and premature aging in mice. But very little is known about the role of TFAM in cancer development. Here, we report the identification of frequent frameshift mutations in the coding mononucleotide repeat of TFAM in sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and in primary tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI), but not in microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC cell lines and tumors. The presence of the TFAM truncating mutation, in CRC cells with MSI, reduced the TFAM protein level in vivo and in vitro and correlated with mtDNA depletion. Furthermore, forced overexpression of wild-type TFAM in RKO cells carrying a TFAM truncating mutation suppressed cell proliferation and inhibited RKO cell-induced xenograft tumor growth. Moreover, these cells showed more susceptibility to cisplatin-induced apoptosis due to an increase of cytochrome b (Cyt b) expression and its release from mitochondria. An interaction assay between TFAM and the heavy-strand promoter (HSP) of mitochondria revealed that mutant TFAM exhibited reduced binding to HSP, leading to reduction in Cyt b transcription. Collectively, these data provide evidence that a high incidence of TFAM truncating mutations leads to mitochondrial copy number reduction and mitochondrial instability, distinguishing most CRC with MSI from MSS CRC. These mutations may play an important role in tumorigenesis and cisplatin-induced apoptotic resistance of most microsatellite-unstable CRCs. Cancer Res; 71(8); 2978–87. ©2011 AACR.
Prognostic Significance of Truncating TP53 Mutations in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lindenbergh-van der Plas Marlon , Brakenhoff Ruud H. , Kuik Dirk J. , Buijze Marijke , Bloemena Elisabeth , Snijders Peter J.F. , Leemans C. René , Braakhuis Boudewijn J.M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Purpose: TP53 is a key gene in cellular homeostasis and is frequently mutated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). There is a variety of TP53 mutations, each with its own biological and clinical implication. Aim of the study was to assess the prognostic significance of TP53 mutations in HNSCCs and to identify the most relevant mutation.
Experimental Design: TP53 mutation status was investigated in 141 consecutive HNSCCs treated by surgery with radiotherapy when indicated and with a known human papilloma virus status. The type of mutation was correlated with overall and progression-free survival in a multivariate two-sided Cox regression analysis with wild type as reference.
Results: A TP53 mutation was found in 88 (62.4%) of the carcinomas and was not significantly associated with overall survival (HR = 1.65, P = 0.11). Patients with a mutation resulting in a truncated protein (n = 36, 25.5%) had a significantly worse overall survival (HR = 2.54, P = 0.008) and progression-free survival (HR = 2.65, P = 0.002). Four of these mutations were at a splice site, 13 were nonsense mutations (produces stop codon), and 19 were insertions or deletions resulting in a frameshift. After multivariate analysis, a truncating mutation remained a significant prognosticator. A missense (i.e., nontruncating) mutation did not influence prognosis. Other ways of classification (disruptive vs. nondisruptive, hotspot vs. nonhotspot, and DNA binding vs. non–DNA binding) were less discriminative.
Conclusion: In HNSCCs, a truncating TP53 mutation is associated with a poor prognosis. This patient group seems as a target population for adjuvant therapy with chemoradiation or viral vector–mediated TP53 gene transfer. Clin Cancer Res; 17(11); 3733–41. ©2011 AACR.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Very Elderly Patients After First Hospitalization for Heart Failure
Authors: Shah Rashmee U. , Tsai Vivian , Klein Liviu , Heidenreich Paul A. 
Published: April 2011

Background—
The very elderly (age 80 years and older) with heart failure (HF) is a growing population that is rarely included in clinical trials. The aim of this investigation was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of very elderly patients after a first HF hospitalization.

Methods and Results—

We identified very elderly patients (age 80 years and older) discharged with HF from the Veteran's Administration National Patient Care Database from 1999 to 2008. Outcomes of interest were death during index admission, 30-day and 1-year mortality, and 30-day all-cause and HF readmissions. We used generalized estimating equations to evaluate outcome differences between age groups within the very elderly cohort (ages 80 to 84, 85 to 89, and 90 and older), adjusting for comorbidities, demographics, and clustering by treatment facility. We identified 21 397 very elderly veterans with a first HF hospitalization during the study period. Thirty-day mortality decreased from 14% to 7% (both
P
<0.001) and 1-year mortality decreased from 49% to 27% (
P
<0.001). Although these improvements were most notable for patients age 90 and older (1-year mortality improved by 25.9%), the adjusted odds of death within 1 year were highest for the oldest veterans (odds ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.64 to 2.09, using the 80- to 85-year age group as reference). For all patients, 30-day all-cause readmissions remained largely unchanged and did not differ between age groups.

Conclusions—
Mortality for very elderly HF patients has improved over time, but 30-day readmissions remain frequent. Future studies should identify interventions to reduce cardiac and noncardiac rehospitalization of very elderly HF patients.
Stationary Atmospheric Responses to an Idealized Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Maze Guillaume , D’Andrea Fabio , Colin de Verdière Alain , Klein Patrice 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The stationary atmospheric response to an idealized sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) is studied with a quasigeostrophic atmospheric model of the Southern Hemisphere. Sensitivity of the stationary response to the midlatitude SSTA location is determined and responses are decomposed on vertical modes.
The SSTA almost directly forces baroclinic responses, inducing warm-air anomalies 40°–50° downstream, eastward, to the SSTA. These baroclinic responses arise from an equilibrium between the SSTA-induced anomalous vortex stretching and (i) advection by the quasi-stationary flow and (ii) dissipation by high-frequency eddies.
The barotropic response consists of a midlatitude ridge (trough) and a South Pole trough (ridge) for SSTAs localized from the Drake Passage to the western Indian Ocean (from south of Australia to the center of the Pacific Ocean). This response can be further decomposed into (i) a zonally asymmetric component, a quasi-stationary wave train forced by a barotropic ridge downstream of the SSTA; and (ii) a zonal-mean component similar to a meridional shift of westerlies and hence a southern annular mode (SAM)-like pattern. The former component is phase locked with the SSTA position, while the latter has a phase that depends on the relative SSTA position with regard to the background quasi-stationary wave pattern. The study shows that the barotropic downstream ridge response is responsible for modifying the low-frequency eddy–mean flow interactions through relative vorticity fluxes and inducing the bipolar projection of the zonal-mean response.
miR-223 regulates migration and invasion by targeting Artemin in human esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Li Shujun , Li Zhigang , Guo Fengjie , Qin Xuebo , Liu Bin , Lei Zhe , Song Zuoqing , Sun Liya , Zhang Hong-Tao , You Jiacong , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Artemin (ARTN) is a neurotrophic factor belonging to the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor family of ligands. To develop potential therapy targeting ARTN, we studied the roles of miR-223 in the migration and invasion of human esophageal carcinoma.

Methods
ARTN expression levels were detected in esophageal carcinoma cell lines KYSE-150, KYSE-510, EC-9706, TE13, esophageal cancer tissues and paired non-cancerous tissues by Western blot. Artemin siRNA expression vectors were constructed to knockdown of artemin expression mitigated migration and invasiveness in KYSE150 cells. Monolayer wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay were applied to observe cancer cell migration and invasion. The relative levels of expression were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR.

Results
ARTN expression levels were higher in esophageal carcinoma tissue than in the adjacent tissue and was differentially expressed in various esophageal carcinoma cell lines. ARTN mRNA contains a binding site for miR-223 in the 3'UTR. Co-transfection of a mir-223 expression vector with pMIR-ARTN led to the reduced activity of luciferase in a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, suggesting that ARTN is a target gene of miR-223. Overexpression of miR-223 decreased expression of ARTN in KYSE150 cells while silencing miR-223 increased expression of ARTN in EC9706 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-223 in KYSE150 cells decreased cell migration and invasion. Silencing of miR-223 in EC9706 cells increased cell migration and invasiveness.

Conclusions
These results reveal that ARTN, a known tumor metastasis-related gene, is a direct target of miR-223 and that miR-223 may have a tumor suppressor function in esophageal carcinoma and could be used in anticancer therapies.