bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation in children with arterial ischemic stroke: Results of the VIPS II Study
Authors: Fullerton Heather J. , Hills Nancy K. , Wintermark Max , Dlamini Nomazulu , Amlie-Lefond Catherine , Dowling Michael M. , Jordan Lori C. , Bernard Timothy J. , Friedman Neil R. , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Grose Charles ,   the VIPS II Investigators
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundVaricella zoster virus (VZV) has been associated with focal cerebral arteriopathy (FCA) and arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in childhood. The Vascular effects of Infection in Pediatric Stroke (VIPS) II study aimed to examine this relationship in the modern era when most children in North America and Australia receive VZV vaccination with live, attenuated virus.MethodsThis 22-center prospective cohort study enrolled 205 children (28 days-18 years) with AIS (2017-2022), collected baseline [hyperacute (≤72 hours; n=194) and acute (4-6 days; n=181)] and convalescent (1-6 weeks; n=74) serum samples. Sites enrolled 95 stroke-free controls with single serum samples. A virology research laboratory measured VZV IgM and IgG titers by an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Baseline IgG seropositivity indicated prior exposure (vaccination/infection) and elevated IgM titers indicated recent reactivation.ResultsMedian (IQR) age was 11.6 (5.5-15.6) years for cases and 11.8 (6.8-15.3) years for controls. Baseline serologies indicated prior VZV exposure in 198 cases (97%) and all controls. Parents of cases reported VZV vaccination in 160 (78%) and remote chicken pox in three (1.4%). Twenty cases (9.8%) and three controls (3.1%) had serologic evidence of recent VZV reactivation (p=0.06); all had remote VZV exposure (vaccination in 19 cases and all controls) and all were asymptomatic. Recent VZV reactivation was seen in similar proportions in arteriopathic, cardioembolic, and idiopathic stroke. Of 32 cases of FCA, 4 (12.5%) had recent VZV reactivation, versus no cases of arterial dissection (n=10) or moyamoya (n=16).ConclusionsSerologic evidence of recent VZV reactivation (≈1-6 weeks prior to stroke) was present in one in 10 cases of childhood AIS, including those without arteriopathy. Clinically silent VZV reactivation may be a childhood stroke trigger despite widespread vaccination. These cases could represent waning immunity with reactivation of either vaccine virus or wild-type virus after an unrecognized secondary VZV infection.
MDF regulates a network of auxin-dependent and -independent pathways of adventitious root regeneration inArabidopsis
Authors: Aldowigh Fahad , Matus Rodrigo , Agneessens Julien , Gao Haozhan , Wei Wenbin , Topping Jennifer , Lindsey Keith 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlants exhibit strong plasticity in growth and development, seen clearly in lateral and adventitious root development from differentiated tissues in response to environmental stresses. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of both auxin-dependent and auxin-independent signalling pathways in regulating thede novoformation of adventitious roots (ARs) from differentiated tissues, such as leaf petiole inArabidopsis.One important question is how the auxin-dependent and -independent pathways are coordinated. To investigate this question, we used a combined approach of inducible gene expression, mutant, and signalling reporter gene analysis during AR regeneration in theArabidopsispetiole to understand regulatory relationships. Auxin signalling components AXR1 and AXR3, and the PIN trafficking protein VAMP714, are each required for AR initiation, as is the ethylene signalling repressor POLARIS, but not EIN2. We identify the RNA splicing regulator MDF and the transcription factor RAP2.7 as new positive regulators of both the auxin-independent and auxin-dependent pathways, and show that MDF regulatesRAP2.7,WOX5andNAC1; while RAP2.7 regulatesWOX5but notNAC1orYUC1. NAC1 is required forde novoroot formation in a pathway independent ofYUC1,WOX5orRAP2.7. We propose a model in which MDF represents a point of molecular crosstalk between auxin-dependent and -independent regeneration processes.
Addressing inter-individual variability in CSF levels of brain-derived proteins across neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Mravinacová Sára , Bergström Sofia , Olofsson Jennie , de San José Nerea Gómez , Anderl-Straub Sarah , Diehl-Schmid Janine , Fassbender Klaus , Fliessbach Klaus , Jahn Holger , Kornhuber Johannes , Landwehrmeyer G. Bernhard , Lauer Martin , Levin Johannes , Ludolph Albert C. , Prudlo Johannes , Schneider Anja , Schroeter Matthias L. , Wiltfang Jens , Steinacker Petra , Otto Markus , Nilsson Peter , Månberg Anna ,   FTLD consortium
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccurate diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases requires reliable biomarkers. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins hold promise for reflecting brain pathology, yet their utility may be compromised by natural variability between individuals, weakening their association with disease and impacting their diagnostic accuracy.MethodWe measured the levels of 69 proteins in CSF from 499 individuals using an antibody-based suspension bead array technology. In this multi-disease cohort including participants with Alzheimer’s disease, behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, primary progressive aphasias, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, corticobasal syndrome, primary supranuclear palsy and healthy controls, we investigated inter-individual variability in CSF protein levels. Further, we explored protein profiles across the diseases, after adjusting for this variability using linear modelling.ResultsCorrelation and PCA analysis on the measured CSF proteins revealed the presence of inter-individual variability in overall CSF levels of brain-derived proteins, which could not be explained by disease associations. Using linear modelling, we show that adjusting for median CSF levels of brain-derived proteins increases the diagnostic accuracy of many proteins, including those previously identified as altered in CSF in the context of neurodegenerative disorders. We further demonstrate a simplified approach for the adjustment using pairs of correlated proteins with opposite alteration in the diseases. With this approach, the proteins adjust for each other and further increase the biomarker performance through additive effect. Moreover, we find that many CSF proteins show similar alteration across the studied diseases, indicating that these proteins likely reflect shared processes.ConclusionCSF protein profiles are affected by inter-individual variability which partially hinders the diagnostic potential of CSF proteins. Thus, we propose that this variability should be accounted for in future studies. Further, we demonstrate high overlap in CSF protein patterns across neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the need for multi-disease studies in order to identify biomarkers that are specific to or common between different diseases.
Stratifying Risk for Postpartum Depression at Time of Hospital Discharge
Authors: Clapp Mark A. , Castro Victor M. , Verhaak Pilar , McCoy Thomas H. , Shook Lydia L. , Edlow Andrea G. , Perlis Roy H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivePostpartum depression (PPD) represents a major contributor to postpartum morbidity and mortality. Beyond efforts at routine screening, risk stratification models could enable more targeted interventions in settings with limited resources. Thus, we aimed to develop and estimate the performance of a generalizable risk stratification model for PPD in patients without a history of depression using information collected as part of routine clinical care.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of all individuals who delivered between 2017 and 2022 in one of two large academic medical centers and six community hospitals. An elastic net model was constructed and externally validated to predict PPD using sociodemographic factors, medical history, and prenatal depression screening information, all of which was known before discharge from the delivery hospitalization.ResultsThe cohort included 29,168 individuals; 2,703 (9.3%) met at least one criterion for postpartum depression in the 6 months following delivery. In the external validation data, the model had good discrimination and remained well-calibrated: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.721 (95% CI: 0.707-0.734), Brier calibration score 0.088 (95% CI: 0.084 – 0.092). At a specificity of 90%, the positive predictive value was 28.0% (95% CI: 26.0-30.1%), and the negative predictive value was 92.2% (95% CI: 91.8-92.7%).ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that a simple machine-learning model can be used to stratify the risk for PPD before delivery hospitalization discharge. This tool could help identify patients within a practice at the highest risk and facilitate individualized postpartum care planning regarding the prevention of, screening for, and management of PPD at the start of the postpartum period and potentially the onset of symptoms.
The Effects of Indoor Residual Spraying on Prevalence of Malaria among Under-five Children in Zambia; A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kapiya Gwenie , Sialubanje Cephas , Nawa Mukumbuta 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionMalaria remains a global challenge despite the efforts to eliminate it by 2030 by the WHO and its partner countries. About 93.6% of the malaria cases and 95.4% of the deaths occurred in Africa. Zambia is one of the top 20 highly endemic countries with about a third (29.3%) of all children aged 6 to 59 months having malaria in 2021 and it accounts for about 1.4% of the global malaria incidence and mortality. Among the interventions used to eliminate malaria is Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS). Existing literature has shown the effects of IRS on malaria prevalence and incidence by comparing IRS versus no IRS intervention. This study assessed the effects of IRS on malaria prevalence over time from when it was done in three monthly cohorts over a period of one year.MethodsThis study was a retrospective cohort study. Data was collected retrospectively covering a period of 12 months when the IRS was done in the households where the Malaria Indicator Survey of 2021 was carried out. The study then compared malaria prevalence in closed cohorts of three months. Data was analysed in Stata version 14, descriptive statistics were summarized as counts and percentages, cross-tabulations between the dependent variable and independent variables were done and measures of association were assessed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. The level of significance was set at 0.05.ResultsThe study included 1,786 children aged six to 59 months and more of these were female 52.5% (938/1786). Among the children, 14.7% (263/1786) were in the 0 to 3 months cohort, 59.3% (1059/1786) were in the 4 to 6 months cohort, 16.2% (289/1786) in the 7 to 9 months cohort and 9.8% (175/1786) in the 10 to 12 months cohort. The malaria prevalence was 33.4%. There were no significant statistical differences in the malaria prevalence among children in the four cohorts.ConclusionThis study found that over a period of one year, the protective effect of Indoor Residual Spraying was not statistically different among under-five children whether it was done within zero to three months, four to six months, seven to nine months or ten to twelve months. This implies that the protective effects of IRS on malaria prevalence extended equally over a period of 12 months.
Brain-wide pleiotropy investigation of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking behaviors
Authors: Deiana Giovanni , He Jun , Cabrera-Mendoza Brenda , Ciccocioppo Roberto , Napolioni Valerio , Polimanti Renato 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTTo investigate the pleiotropic mechanisms linking brain structure and function to alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking, we integrated genome-wide data generated by the GWAS and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use (GSCAN; up to 805,431 participants) with information related to 3,935 brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) available from UK Biobank (N=33,224). We observed global genetic correlation of smoking behaviors with white matter hyperintensities, the morphology of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the mean thickness of pole-occipital. With respect to the latter brain IDP, we identified a local genetic correlation with age at which the individual began smoking regularly (hg38 chr2:35,895,678-36,640,246: rho=1, p=1.01×10−5). This region has been previously associated with smoking initiation, educational attainment, chronotype, and cortical thickness. Our genetically informed causal inference analysis using both latent causal variable approach and Mendelian randomization linked the activity of prefrontal and premotor cortex and that of superior and inferior precentral sulci, and cingulate sulci to the number of alcoholic drinks per week (genetic causality proportion, gcp=0.38, p=8.9×10−4, rho=-0.18±0.07; inverse variance weighting, IVW beta=-0.04, 95%CI=-0.07 – −0.01). This relationship could be related to the role of these brain regions in the modulation of reward-seeking motivation and the processing of social cues. Overall, our brain-wide investigation highlighted that different pleiotropic mechanisms likely contribute to the relationship of brain structure and function with alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking, suggesting decision-making activities and chemosensory processing as modulators of propensity towards alcohol and tobacco consumption.
Ultra-processed foods and type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence in RaNCD project: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Amirian Parsa , Zarpoosh Mahsa , Pasdar Yahya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundFollowing rapid population growth and urbanization, global ultra-processed food consumption levels have increased. Additionally, type 2 diabetes mellitus, a non-communicable disease, is affecting one-tenth of the people worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between ultra-processed food consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in different scenarios in a prospective cohort study in the western part of Iran.MethodsThe RaNCD cohort includes 10047 participants aged 35 to 65; the main phase commenced in March 2015; we included participants susceptible to diabetes at enrolment with follow-up data. We used the widely accepted NOVA classification to define ultra-processed foods. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used as the main model; furthermore, the Cox model with different adjustments and the logistic regression model were used as sensitive analysis to evaluate the association between ultra-processed foods consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus.ResultsA total of 8827 participants with a mean age of 46.92y, a mean follow-up time of 7.1y, and a mean daily ultra-processed food intake of 87.69 grams were included. During the follow-up phases, we included 255 incidences of type 2 diabetes mellitus cases. After adjusting for cofounders in the primary model, including age, gender, residence type, socioeconomic status, physical activity, body mass index, and familial history of diabetes despite the elevated hazard ratio of 1.08 (0.75, 1.55) in the fourth quartile compared to the first quartile, the P-value was insignificant (p-value = 0.665);p for trend in the UPF quartiles was also insignificant.ConclusionOur study has shed light on the association between ultra-processed food consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Middle East region. We have identified significant associations between diabetes incidence and some covariates. However, further investigations are necessary to confirm or refute the UPFs/T2DM association.
Combining multiple stressors unexpectedly blocks bacterial migration and growth
Authors: Sharma Anuradha , Shuppara Alexander M. , Padron Gilberto C. , Sanfilippo Joseph E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn nature, organisms experience combinations of stressors. However, laboratory studies typically simplify reality and focus on the effects of an individual stressor. Here, we use a microfluidic approach to simultaneously provide a physical stressor (shear flow) and a chemical stressor (H2O2) to the human pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosa. By treating cells with levels of flow and H2O2that commonly co-occur in nature, we discover that previous reports significantly overestimate the H2O2levels required to block bacterial growth. Specifically, we establish that flow increases H2O2effectiveness 50-fold, explaining why previous studies lacking flow required much higher concentrations. Using natural H2O2levels, we identify the core H2O2regulon, characterize OxyR-mediated dynamic regulation, and dissect the redundant roles of multiple H2O2scavenging systems. By examining single-cell behavior, we serendipitously discover that the combined effects of H2O2and flow block pilus-driven surface migration. Thus, our results counter previous studies and reveal that natural levels of H2O2and flow synergize to restrict bacterial colonization and survival. By studying two stressors at once, our research highlights the limitations of oversimplifying nature and demonstrates that physical and chemical stress can combine to yield unpredictable effects.
Off-energy operation for the Extremely Brilliant Source at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Authors: Valle L. , Brochard T. , Carmignani N. , Carver L. R. , Chavanne J. , Ewald F. , Le Bec G. , Liuzzo S. M. , Perron T. , Reyes-Herrera J. , Raimondi P. , Scheidt K. , Versteegen R. , Wade J. , White S. 
Published: May 2024

The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Extremely Brilliant Source (ESRF-EBS) is the first fourth generation 6 GeV storage ring (SR) light source making use of the hybrid multibend achromat lattice, reaching a natural horizontal emittance of 140 pm rad. Further, reducing the horizontal emittance would provide a more brilliant and a higher quality photon source for the EBS users. One way of achieving this is to operate the SR off-energy. The first approach reduces the electron beam energy by −1%, which gives a 121 pm rad natural horizontal emittance. To fulfill operation requirements, the full ring had to be rematched, including both the quadrupoles and the sextupoles in the linear optics correction. The off-energy settings are then tested in the SR in terms of lifetime, injection efficiency, and operability.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Chiral condensate and the equation of state at nonzero baryon density from the hadron resonance gas model with a repulsive mean field
Authors: Biswas Deeptak , Petreczky Peter , Sharma Sayantan 
Published: May 2024

We study the QCD equation of state and the chiral condensate using the hadron resonance gas model with repulsive mean-field interactions. We find that the repulsive interactions improve the agreement with the lattice results on the derivatives of the pressure with respect to the baryon chemical potential up to eighth order. From the temperature dependence of the chiral condensate we estimate the crossover temperature as a function of baryon chemical potential, Tpc(μB). We find that the chiral crossover line starts to deviate significantly from the chemical freeze-out line already for μB>400MeV. Furthermore, we find that the chiral pseudocritical line can be parametrized as Tpc(μB)/Tpc(0)=1−κ2[μB/Tpc(0)]2−κ4[μB/Tpc(0)]4 with κ2=0.0150(2) and κ4=3.1(6)×10−5, which are in agreement with lattice QCD results for small values of μB. For the first time we find a tiny but nonzero value of κ4 in our study.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Modeling novel physics in virtual reality labs: An affective analysis of student learning
Authors: Canright Jared P. , White Brahmia Suzanne 
Published: May 2024

[This paper is part of the Focused Collection on Instructional labs: Improving traditions and new directions.] We report on a study of the effects of laboratory activities that model fictitious laws of physics in a virtual reality environment on (i) students’ epistemology about the role of experimental physics in class and in the world; (ii) students’ self-efficacy; and (iii) the quality of student engagement with the lab activities. We create opportunities for students to practice physics as a means of creating and validating new knowledge by simulating real and fictitious physics in virtual reality (VR). This approach seeks to steer students away from a confirmation mindset in labs by eliminating any form of prior or outside models to confirm. We refer to the activities using this approach as Novel Observations in Mixed Reality (NOMR) labs. We examined NOMR’s effects in 100-level and 200-level undergraduate courses. Using pre-post measurements, we find that after NOMR labs, students in both populations were more expertlike in their epistemology about experimental physics and held stronger self-efficacy about their abilities to do the kinds of things experimental physicists do. Through the lens of the psychological theory of flow, we found that students engage as productively with NOMR labs as with traditional hands-on labs. This engagement persisted after the novelty of VR in the classroom wore off, suggesting that these effects were due to the pedagogical design rather than the medium of the intervention. We conclude that these NOMR labs offer an approach to physics laboratory instruction that centers the development of students’ understanding of and comfort with the authentic practice of science.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Methodological Insights: This is not an experiment: using vignettes in qualitative accounting research
Authors: Wiegmann Leona , Conrath-Hargreaves Annemarie , Guo Zhengqi , Hall Matthew , Kober Ralph , Pucci Richard , Thambar Paul J. , Thiagarajah Tirukumar 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThe use of interviews for data collection is prevalent in qualitative accounting research. This paper examines vignettes – sketches of hypothetical scenarios – as a promising complementary way to conduct interviews in qualitative accounting research.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on our experiences designing and using vignettes in five separate qualitative accounting studies, which collectively involve over 200 interviews with various participants. It discusses the opportunities the use of vignettes in interviews offers to qualitative accounting research, as well as the challenges associated with designing and using vignettes. The paper also reflects on fellow researchers’ varied reactions during seminars, workshops, and the journal review process.FindingsVignettes emerge as a productive and engaging complementary way for accounting researchers to obtain additional insights and perspectives not usually accessible in semi-structured interviews. The paper also provides practical insights into developing, using and publishing qualitative accounting studies using vignettes, contributing an additional behind-the-scenes view of using qualitative research methods.Originality/valueThe aim of this paper is to increase awareness of vignettes as a complement to the standard qualitative accounting interview. It provides guidance on how vignettes might be used productively for studying rare, new, emerging, complex, or multi-period real-world accounting phenomena. It also discusses how vignettes can promote transparency, honesty, and a greater level of detail in participants’ responses, as well as facilitate the involvement of lay people in accounting studies.