bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical Application of Melatonin and Growth Hormone Accelerates Bone Healing around Dental Implants in Dogs
Authors: Muñoz Fernando , López‐Peña Mónica , Miño Natalia , Gómez‐Moreno Gerardo , Guardia Javier , Cutando Antonio 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: Growth hormone (GH) and melatonin belong to the group of growth factors. These substances have been proposed to improve and accelerate osseous healing using topical applications.Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the topical administration of GH and melatonin on osseointegration of dental implants in Beagle dogs 2, 5, and 8 weeks after their insertion.Materials and Methods: Twelve adult Beagle dogs and 48 implants were used in the study. The maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars were extracted. Each mandible received cylindrical screw implants of 3.25 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length. Prior to implanting, 4 IU of recombinant human GH and 1.2 mg of lyophilized powdered melatonin was applied to one osteotomy at each side of the mandible. None was applied at the control sites. The implants were retrieved at 2, 5, and 8 weeks for light microscopic examination, energy‐dispersive x‐ray microanalysis, and histomorphometric measurements in ground sections.Results: At week 2, BIC was significantly higher in the melatonin‐growth hormone group than in the implant control one (34.20 vs 25.05%; p = .010). The M‐GH group also increased significantly the peri‐implant bone area (64.72 vs 53.20%; p = .038) and interthread bone area (35.62 vs 25.08%; p = .02). At weeks 5 and 8, BIC and bone density around implants were similar to both groups. Significant differences were detected in bone neoformation at 8 weeks in ML‐GH group (9.04 vs 7.53%; p = .05). Regarding the mineral composition, in ML‐GH group increments in concentrations of phosphorus (10.70 vs 10.34; p = .013) were observed at 2 weeks and of magnesium (0.29 vs 0.25; p = .019) 5 weeks after implantation.Conclusion: The present study confirms that GH and melatonin synergistically enhance new bone formation around titanium implants in early stages of healing.
Soft Tissue Conditions and Marginal Bone Changes around Immediately Loaded Implants Inserted in Edentate Jaws Following Computer Guided Treatment Planning and Flapless Surgery: A ≥1‐Year Clinical Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Komiyama Ai , Hultin Margareta , Näsström Karin , Benchimol Daniel , Klinge Björn 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: Evaluation of the clinical conditions following computer guided treatment planning and flapless surgery is still limited.Objectives: The objective was to evaluate the soft tissue conditions and marginal bone changes after 1 year of function around immediately loaded implants inserted in edentate jaws following computer guided treatment planning and flapless surgery.Material and Methods: Twenty‐nine edentate jaws (19 maxillae, 10 mandibles) treated with 165 implants using the Teeth‐in‐an‐Hour™ protocol were included. In these patients, peri‐implant soft tissue conditions and radiographic marginal bone changes were evaluated after ≥1 year of functional loading (mean: 19 months).Results: The mean probing depth at case level was 2.6 mm (SD: 0.6). Bleeding on probing was recorded as a mean of 81.9% (SD: 23.0). Plaque index showed a wide range of 0–100%. The mean marginal bone change of measured sites evaluated on intraoral radiographs was −1.2 mm (SD: 1.4). A marginal bone loss more than 1.5 mm or 2.0 mm was observed in 42% and 27% of the measured sites, respectively. A pressure‐like‐ulcer was found in 9 cases. Implants with marginal bone loss of >1.5 mm were more frequently observed in cases with an ulcer than cases where no ulcer was found.Conclusion: Although the mean marginal bone loss after function in the present study was within the range of other reports presenting mean bone loss data after immediate implant loading, our patients showed a wide range of bone loss with several sites, where the bone loss was greater than the commonly used successful level (>1.5 mm).
Effects of active immunization against myostatin on carcass quality and expression of the myostatin gene in pigs
Authors: LONG Ding‐biao , ZHANG Ke‐ying , CHEN Dai‐wen , DING Xue‐mei , YU Bing 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTThe study was conducted to investigate the effects of active immunization against myostatin on the titer of myostatin antibody, carcass evaluation, activity of creatine kinase and the expression of the myostatin gene in pigs. Eighteen pigs were allotted into three groups (six pigs per group), and pigs in treatment 1, 2 and 3 were immunized with physiological saline, 1 mg or 4 mg myostatin per pig, respectively. Six pigs were killed by electrical stunning followed by exsanguination at BW of 100 kg. The results indicated that the titer of myostatin antibody was increased in treated groups compared to the control group on day 42 (P < 0.01) and d 84 (P < 0.01). The carcass lean percentage was significantly increased in the treatment groups compared to the control group (P < 0.01), and intramuscular fat was significantly decreased in the 4 mg group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The muscle creatine kinase activity of pigs treated with 1 mg and 4 mg myostatin was lower than the control group. The immunization of myostatin signofocantly decreased the myostatin gene expression levels in muscle. It was concluded that optimal active immunization against myostatin could increase the content of myostatin antibody, suppress the activity of creatine kinase and the expression of myostatin gene, and therefore improve the carcass lean percentage for pigs.
Effects of boning method and postmortem aging on meat quality characteristics of pork loin
Authors: LI Chunbao , WU Juqing , ZHANG Nan , ZHANG Song , LIU Juan , LI Jinping , LI Hongmin , FENG Xianchao , HAN Yanqing , ZHU Zhiyuan , XU Xinglian , ZHOU Guanghong 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTThis work investigated the effects of boning method and postmortem aging on pork loin color, shearing value and sensory attributes. Two experiments were assigned. In Experiment I, 30 Chinese native black pigs were slaughtered and their carcasses were divided into three groups: (i) hot‐boning: carcasses were fabricated within 45 min postmortem just after dressing; (ii) cold boning at 24 h: carcasses were fabricated after chilling at 0°C for 24 h; (iii) cold boning at 36 h: carcasses were fabricated after chilling at 0°C for 36 h. In Experiment II, right sides of the second group in Experiment I were used and primal cuts were vacuum packed and aged for 1 day, 8 days and 16 days. Pork loins (Longissimus lumborum) were used for color measurement, shearing test, and sensory evaluation. Among three boning methods, cold‐boning at 36 h postmortem had the advantages of giving muscles a better color, the lowest cooking loss and cooked shearing value, and the highest sensory tenderness, juiciness, flavor and overall liking. Postmortem aging could improve pork quality characteristics, but it is not the fact that the longer aging time is, the better pork quality would be. Eight days may be enough to obtain an acceptable sensory attribute. These results are meaningful for pork processing and pork consumption.
Surgery for an “Acute Erection Angle,” When Counseling Fails
Authors: Nugteren Helena M. , Pascal Astrid L. , Weijmar Schultz Willibrord C.M. , Van Driel Mels F. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
During erection, the penis increases in volume, rigidity, and angle. Textbooks of urology and sexology provide only very limited information about erection angle dysfunction. In some men, this angle is too tight toward their belly, causing problems with intercourse.

Aim
We reported two cases of an acute erection angle and reviewed pertinent literature.

Methods
Comprehensive literature review was performed using PubMed. We performed additional searches based on relevant books.

Results
There is very limited knowledge about erection angles and the “acute erection angle.” Our cases show that simple and safe surgical techniques can yield adequate results.

Conclusion
Counseling a couple with complaints of sexual inadequacy, which has resulted specifically from the increased erection angle, should be based on objective reassuring information about anatomical and physiological facts. In selected cases surgical intervention can yield adequate results.
Outcomes of Simultaneous Placement of an Inflatable Penile Prosthesis and a Male Urethral Sling through a Single Perineal Incision
Authors: Gorbatiy Vladislav , Westney Ouida Lenaine , Romero Claudio , Wang Run 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Synchronous implantation of an inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) and a bulbourethral sling single via a single perineal is a unique approach in managing erectile dysfunction and stress urinary incontinence.

Aim
This article describes our surgical approach and reviews the operative time, length of hospital stay (LOS), estimated blood loss (EBL), and cost of synchronous dual prosthetic implantation compared with the implants performed individually. Additionally, we review the short-term outcomes in patients with dual sling and penile prosthesis synchronous implants.

Methods
Fifty-eight patients with IPP, 53 slings, and eight simultaneous dual implantations between January 2000 and July 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Operative times, EBL, length of stay, cost, and complications were compared in three groups (group 1, IPP; group 2, slings; group 3, dual implants). Additionally, we reviewed pre- and postoperative Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) scores and pad use in group 3.

Main Outcome Measures
Review of operative times, EBL, LOS, cost, and complications.

Results
Dual implantation had similar operative times compared with the total time for the individual procedures (98 ± 24 minutes for IPP; 86 ± 24 minutes for sling; 177 ± 17 minutes for dual implant, P &gt; 0.05). EBL was reduced (57 ± 30 mL for IPP; 48 ± 59 mL for sling; 49 ± 5 mL for group 3). LOS was also reduced (1.2 ± 0.45 days for IPP, 0.7 ± 0.48 days for sling; and 1.1 ± 0.50 days for dual implant). Dual implantation was associated with approximately $9,000 in savings. With a mean follow-up of 13.6 months, group 3 reported SHIM increase from 1.3 ± 0.5 to 23.5 ± 0.6 and a decrease in pad use from three pads per day (range 2–6) down to a mean of one pad per day (range 0–2). One sling erosion and one sling infection occurred in group 2. One patient in group 3 had acute urinary retention resolved with 5 days of catheter drainage.

Conclusion
Dual penile prosthesis and bulbourethral sling implantation through a single perineal incision is safe, efficient, and cost-effective.
Sexual Functioning among Women with and without Diabetes in the Boston Area Community Health Study
Authors: Wallner Lauren P. , Sarma Aruna V. , Kim Catherine 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

Aim
To examine sexual dysfunction among women with and without diabetes in a community-based sample of women aged 30–79 years.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of survey responses of female participants in the Boston Area Community Health Study, a community-based random sample, who answered questions regarding sexual functioning and diabetes status and also reported sexual activity (n = 1,291). Associations between diabetes and overall sexual function as well as domain of sexual function were examined in multivariable linear regression models.

Results
Women with type 2 diabetes (n = 75) were older, less often white, and more likely to have decreased physical activity levels, elevated body mass index, and cardiovascular disease than women without diabetes (n = 1,190). Women with type 1 diabetes (n = 26) were similar to women without diabetes except for higher depression scores and lower levels of activity. Age, marital status, and depressive symptoms were correlated with overall sexual function. After adjustment for age and race, women with and without diabetes had similar arousal, lubrication, orgasm, dyspareunia, satisfaction, and desire. After further adjustment for other factors, including age, depression, and marital status, women with type 1 diabetes had increased dyspareunia compared with women without diabetes, and women with type 2 diabetes had similar functioning to women without diabetes.

Conclusion
Women with type 2 diabetes may have similar sexual functioning to women without diabetes, although women with type 1 diabetes may more often have dyspareunia. Factors such as depression, which are common in women with diabetes, are more strongly related to sexual dysfunction than diabetes status.
Characterization of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Expression and Functional Activity in the Human Male Lower Urinary Tract
Authors: Fibbi Benedetta , Morelli Annamaria , Vignozzi Linda , Filippi Sandra , Chavalmane Aravinda , De Vita Giulia , Marini Mirca , Gacci Mauro , Vannelli Gabriella Barbara , Sandner Peter , Maggi Mario 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors ameliorate low urinary tract (LUT) symptoms in men with ED and symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PDE5 is highly expressed in rat and human bladder, where it regulates cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) degradation, muscle tone, and proliferation.

Aim
To investigate PDE5 tissue distribution and activity in human LUT tissues (urethra, prostate, and bladder).

Main Outcome Measures
PDE5 expression and activity were analyzed and compared within the same BPH patient in LUT tissues and in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) cultured from urethra, prostate, and bladder.

Methods
In LUT tissues, PDE5 was localized by immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Proliferation assay was used as readout of PDE5 activity, evaluated as ability of vardenafil to increase the antiproliferative effect of different nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway activators [the PDE5-resistant cGMP analog Sp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS, the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator BAY 41-8543].

Results
In all the LUT tissues, PDE5 was immunolocalized in blood vessels and in muscular fibres, but not in epithelium. PDE5 mRNA expression was higher in urethra and bladder than in prostate SMC. The antiproliferative effect of Sp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS was similar in all LUT SMC. In prostatic SMC, SNP and BAY 41-8543 show a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect that resulted marginally enhanced by vardenafil. Conversely, in urethra and bladder SMC the antiproliferative effect of SNP and BAY 41-8543 was lower than in prostatic SMC, but it was significantly enhanced by vardenafil. In urethral and bladder cells vardenafil half-maximal response inhibiting concentration was in the subnanomolar range, whereas in prostate cells it resulted significantly higher.

Conclusions
The highest expression and biological activity of PDE5 was found in bladder. However, a consistent PDE5 expression and activity was also found in prostatic urethra. In contrast, the prostate gland showed the lowest PDE5 abundance and cultures derived from this tissue were less sensitive to vardenafil.
Resistance to Plant Invasion? A Native Specialist Herbivore Shows Preference for and Higher Fitness on an Introduced Host
Authors: Cogni Rodrigo 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTThe response of native herbivores to the introduction of a new plant to the community has important implications for plant invasion. Under the Enemy Release Hypothesis introduced species become invasive because of reduced enemy control in the new range, while under the New Association Hypothesis introduced species lack effective defenses against native enemies because they do not share an evolutionary history. I tested the response of a native South‐American specialist herbivore Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) to a native (Crotalaria incana) and an introduced host (Crotalaria pallida) (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae). I compared seed predation rates between the two hosts in the field, and I tested preference and performance traits with common garden experiments. Utetheisa ornatrix caused much higher seed predation rates on the introduced host than on the native host. Females also preferred to oviposit on the introduced over the native host. Additionally, larvae feeding on the introduced host had higher fitness (higher pupal weight) than larvae feeding on the native host. I discuss how the response of this specialist herbivore to this introduced host plant contradicts the predictions of the Enemy Release Hypothesis and support the New Association Hypothesis. This study shows that the New Association Hypothesis can also be true for specialist herbivores.
Bird Assemblage and Visitation Pattern at Fruiting Elmerrillia tsiampaca (Magnoliaceae) Trees in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Oppel Steffen , Mack Andrew L. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTMost tropical trees produce fleshy fruits that attract frugivores that disperse their seeds. Early demography and distribution for these tree species depend on the effects of frugivores and their behavior. Anthropogenic changes that affect frugivore communities could ultimately result in changes in tree distribution and population demography. We studied the frugivore assemblage at 38 fruiting Elmerrillia tsiampaca, a rain forest canopy tree species in Papua New Guinea. Elmerrillia tsiampaca is an important resource for frugivorous birds at our study site because it produces abundant lipid‐rich fruits at a time of low fruit availability. We classified avian frugivores into functional disperser groups and quantified visitation rates and behavior at trees during 56 canopy and 35 ground observation periods. We tested predictions derived from other studies of plant–frugivore interactions with this little‐studied frugivore assemblage in an undisturbed rain forest. Elmerrillia tsiampaca fruits were consumed by 26 bird species, but most seeds were removed by eight species. The most important visitors (Columbidae, Paradisaeidae and Rhyticeros plicatus) were of a larger size than predicted based on diaspore size. Columbidae efficiently exploited the structurally protected fruit, which was inconsistent with other studies in New Guinea where structurally protected fruits were predominantly consumed by Paradisaeidae. Birds vulnerable to predation foraged for short time periods, consistent with the hypothesis that predator avoidance enhances seed dispersal. We identified seven functional disperser groups, indicating there is little redundancy in disperser groups among the regular and frequent visitors to this tropical rain forest tree species.
Reconciling Conservation and Development: Are Landscapes the Answer?
Authors: Sayer Jeffrey 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTThe landscape approach is being used for initiatives that have the dual objectives of conserving biodiversity and alleviating poverty. However, working at such landscape scales greatly expands the level of ambition of conservation organizations and requires them to use skills that differ from those that they have traditionally deployed. Influencing landscape change requires major commitments for long periods of time and since there is still little evidence for the success of such approaches they should be used cautiously. Landscape programmes must be based on a comprehensive understanding of landscape dynamics and of the underlying drivers of social, economic and ecological change. Just as in any other investment in conservation it is important to set objectives in clear and measurable terms. Landscape approaches should therefore complement and not replace more conventional biodiversity conservation measures. They should be guided by scenarios agreed by concerned stakeholders, should be constructivist and in most cases their success will require major changes in the behavior of local people.
Arthropod Abundance and Diversity in a Lowland Tropical Forest Floor in Panama: The Role of Habitat Space vs. Nutrient Concentrations
Authors: Sayer Emma J. , Sutcliffe Laura M. E. , Ross Rebecca I. C. , Tanner Edmund V. J. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTTropical forest floor characteristics such as depth and nutrient concentrations are highly heterogeneous even over small spatial scales and it is unclear how these differences contribute to patchiness in forest floor arthropod abundance and diversity. In a lowland tropical forest in Panama we experimentally increased litter standing crop by removing litter from five plots (L−) and adding it to five other plots (L+); we had five control plots. After 32 mo of treatments we investigated how arthropod abundance and diversity were related to differences in forest floor physical (mass, depth, water content) and chemical properties (pH, nutrient concentrations). Forest floor mass and total arthropod abundance were greater in L+ plots compared with controls. There were no treatment differences in nutrient concentrations, pH or water content of the organic horizons. Over all plots, the mass of the fermentation horizon (Oe) was greater than the litter horizon (Oi); arthropod diversity and biomass were also greater in the Oe horizon but nutrient concentrations tended to be higher in the Oi horizon. Arthropod abundance was best explained by forest floor mass, while arthropod diversity was best explained by phosphorus, calcium and sodium concentrations in the Oi horizon and by phosphorus concentrations in the Oe horizon. Differences in arthropod community composition between treatments and horizons correlated with phosphorus concentration and dry mass of the forest floor. We conclude that at a local scale, arthropod abundance is related to forest floor mass (habitat space), while arthropod diversity is related to forest floor nutrient concentrations (habitat quality).
Is It Possible to Gain Extra Waiting Time to Liver Transplantation in Acute Liver Failure Patients Using Albumin Dialysis?
Authors: Koivusalo Anna‐Maria , Kantola Taru , Arola Johanna , Höckerstedt Krister , Kairaluoma Pekka , Isoniemi Helena 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHepatic encephalopathy (HE)‐associated brain edema is a common cause of death in acute liver failure (ALF). Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) albumin dialysis detoxifies endogenous and exogenous toxins from blood and improves HE. In this study we assessed the effect of MARS on increasing the length of time available while waiting for liver graft. Thirty‐seven patients with ALF who received a high‐urgent liver transplant (LTx) were divided into three groups according to the amount of histological necrosis in the explanted liver: group I = 100% necrosis; group II = 80–99% necrosis; group III = less than 80% necrosis. MARS was used continuously until LTx. Median time (range) on MARS treatment prior to LTx in groups I–III was 7 days (2–26), 6 days (1–17), and 5 days (1–15), and the median time on the waiting list was 5 days (1–11), 3 days (0–13), and 1 day (0–12), respectively. The HE grade prior to and after MARS was similar in all groups. In two patients the HE grade decreased during MARS treatment, even though the explanted liver showed a complete lack of viable cells. Overall 30‐day and one‐year survival were 97% and 92%, respectively, without differences between the three groups. In ALF patients the liver cell damage progressed to total or near total necrosis of the liver when the waiting time was prolonged. Yet, with MARS treatment some patients with total hepatic necrosis showed an absence of encephalopathy. With MARS treatment some patients might be able to wait longer for a LTx with good results.