bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical, chemical, and thermal properties of branches mangrove wood of Bruguiera gymnorhiza during conversion into charcoal and charcoal briquette
Authors: Simatupang J , Nuryawan A , Risnasari I , Nur T B , Fatriasari W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study investigated physical, chemical, and thermal properties of the branch’s mangrove wood of Bruguiera gymnorhiza during conversion into charcoal and charcoal briquette. Two types of the branches were wood only (WO) and wood with bark (WB). Physical property of moisture content (MC) dropped from 34.76% to 3.02% for WO and 33.71% to 6.46% for WB when the wood was converted into charcoal briquette. In chemical property, carbon dioxide increased up to more than 90% for both WO and WB samples when the branches wood experienced carbonization into charcoal. Thermal properties comprised of calorific value showed positive characteristics of the branches wood when they were converted into bioenergy such as charcoal and briquette charcoal. The calorific value (MJ/kg) increased from 16.33 to 29.57 and 28.08, respectively for WO and from 15.98 to 26.72 and 26.07, respectively for WB. All these values indicated that branches of mangrove wood originated from B. gymnorhiza were prospective to be developed as source of bioenergy, particularly in the form of charcoal and briquette charcoal.
Analysis of the role of local government in the prevention of environmental damage in Kuala Tanjung Industrial Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Arifin A , Fauzan I , Rosmery  , Rahmadani S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The development of active industrial areas in the production process of course produces waste that can damage the surrounding environment. Kuala Tanjung Village is a Priority Industrial Area based on Presidential Regulation Number 56 of 2018. A review of environmental impacts needs to be carried out. Active local government participation is needed, of course through regulation. This research aims to examine the efforts made by the Government of Batu Bara Regency to prevent environmental damage to the industrial area in Kuala Tanjung village. The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive type of research. While the data used are primary data and secondary data. The result showed that the Regional Government of Batubara Regency has Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2022 concerning the implementation of environmental protection and management. However, it is a pity that the regulation has just been issued, even though several companies have been operating for a long time. Furthermore, there are also programs and activities carried out, namely monitoring river water, routine monitoring of companies, and planting mangrove forests. The entire program is still limited to liquid waste, while air quality is far from being a concern. Coupled with the lack of budget allocations, the programs that are run are still very limited.
The low diversity of vegetation seedling and sapling threatening the tree existence at the university green space of Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Authors: Ulfa M , Sulistiyono N , Fadhilla S , Tumangger N , Gultom A N , Saragih R H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
University of Sumatera Utara (USU) located in the densely populated urban area and committed to maintain the vegetations of green space which are fundamental to the key indicator in green campus ranking. Green open spaces are a vital element in urban areas providing the comfortable-healthy spaces for urban communities and numerous of environmental services. Specifically, the quality of environmental services depends on the extensive of green spaces, climate characteristic, and existing vegetation as the natural element at the area. Vegetation analysis is the method to study the composition, structure, and form of plant communities that is a prerequisite for describing diverse ecological processes and dynamics of species community in a forest. This study aims to analyze the important value, diversity, evenness, and richness index of USU green space vegetation based on the growth levels from seedlings to trees. The sampling plot was quantified using 2% sampling intensity and positioned with a simple random method. Species name, individual and species number, diameter at breast height (DBH), and stand height were recorded in the designated plots and subplots for each life stage. This research documented 21 species belonging to 12 families at USU green space. Swietenia mahagoni was the dominant species at all growth level with the IVI of 141.07 % (trees), 144.21 % (poles), 133.33 % (saplings), and 135.37 % (seedlings). The species diversity of trees and poles was moderate (H’= 1.6 – 1.7), whereas of saplings and seedlings was low (H’= 0.6 – 0.7). Vegetation evenness at all growth levels was high (E= 0.6 – 1.0). The species richness of trees was identified as moderate (R= 3.5) and of seedlings, saplings, and poles was low (R= 0.2 – 2.5). The seedlings and saplings were inadequate indicating the poor regeneration threatening the tree existence at USU green space.
Ectoparasite infestation on cattle husbandry in oil palm plantation afdeling II, North Sumatra
Authors: Tanjung M , Purba F O 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The occurrence of ectoparasite infestation in cattle contributes significantly to the success of cattle farming. A study on ectoparasite infestation in cattle (Bos sp.) was conducted in the oil palm plantation Afdeling II, Gunung Kataran Village, Tebing Tinggi Subdistrict, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra. The research aimed to determine the types, prevalence, and intensity of infestation in three cattle breeds (Madrasin, Limousin, and Simmental), with each breed consisting of 10 individuals. Ectoparasite samples were collected using two methods: sweeping with a net and manual inspection of the entire cattle body. The identified ectoparasite species included Boophilus microplus, Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans, Culex sp., and Haemadipsa sp. The prevalence of ectoparasite infestation across the three breeds (Madrasin, Limousin, and Simmental) ranged from 80% to 100%, falling into the ‘usually-always’ category. The intensity of ectoparasite infestation across the three breeds ranged from 4.22 to 97.4, categorized as ‘light-heavy’. Musca domestica emerged as the most dominant ectoparasite species affecting the cattle in this study. The presence of ectoparasites was found to be significantly influenced by the cleanliness of the rearing environment.”
The distribution of Syzygium sp. and its potential use in green space of Universitas Sumatera Utara
Authors: Harahap M M , Ahmad A G , Ulfa M , Ginting I M , Wirabuana P Y A P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Syzygium sp. is one of the tree species that can be found in the green space at USU. This type is better known by the local name jambu-jambuan and belongs to the family Myrtaceae. Syzygium sp. is known for its various uses, such as medicine, fruit plants, building green spaces, etc. Research on the distribution and opportunities for the utilization of this species has never been carried out in the green space of the USU campus. This type has many benefits as well as the potential to be developed and studied further. Preliminary surveys show species are easy to find and scattered in several locations. The results of this study will be useful as initial data in managing campus green space, information on the use of this type, and a source of data for further research. Therefore, research on the potential species at USU needs to be done and studied further. This study used field observation techniques by visiting various locations. Field findings are described descriptively and cumulatively. The number of Syzygium sp. in the USU green space is estimated to be 451 individuals. It consists of 5 species, such as Syzygium aqueum, Syzygium malaccense, Syzygium myrtifolium, Syzygium polyanthum, and Syzygium cumini. They have many potential uses, such as food security, traditional medicine, biomass and carbon stock, green belts, and revegetation species.
Reproduction biology of mullet fish (Mugil dussumieri) found in Bandar Khalipah Waters Serdang Berdagai Regency, North Sumatera Province
Authors: Manurung V R , Yudhiwinata M A , Susetya I E , Khairunnisa  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Mullet fish (Mugil dussumieri) is one of the types of marine fish that is caught in waters Bandar Khalifah. This limited information reproductive aspects of Mugil dussumieri, such as sex ratio, gonad maturity level, gonad maturity index, fecundity, egg diameter, and gonad histology, that can be used as a guideline for the management of mullet resources to ensure sustainable utilization. This study was conducted from January to March 2023, and method used in this research was random purposive sampling. Fish samples were taken in 3 station is estuary, Pandang River and the coastal waters of Bandar Khalifah District, Serdang Berdagai Regency, North Sumatera Province, which was divided into 3 stations using a census sampling method. The total catch was sampled once a month for 3 months. The fishing gear used was a Gillnet with a mesh size of 1.5 cm. The data analysis included measurements of the samples, gonad maturity level, fecundity, and gonad histology. The reproductive results showed an unbalanced sex ratio of 1:3. The gonad maturity level of the mullet fish ranged from gonad maturity level I to gonad maturity level IV. The egg fecundity ranged from 963 to 129,311 eggs, and based on the egg diameter, the Mullet fish is classified as a partial spawner. These studies are crucial for obtaining information that can be used as a guideline for the management of Mugil dussumieri resources to ensure sustainable utilization.
Association Of Shorea Platyclados With Dominant Trees In Martelu Purba Nature Reserve
Authors: Rangkuti AB , Hartini KS , Peniwidiyanti  , Rangkuti RR , Ashari R , Ritonga FN , Pebriandi  
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Shorea platyclados, known to the public as Meranti Bukit, is one of the species whose existence S. platyclados Slooten ex Foxw. or what is known by the local name Meranti Bukit is a type of meranti tree that has fast growth and is recommended as a plant for forest and land rehabilitation activities. S. platyclados is threatened in nature and is included in the Near Threatened (NT) its category based on the IUCN Redlist. Conservation efforts are needed to better understand natural habitat conditions and increase the population of S. platyclados in nature with an ecological approach. An association is a common kind of community that is present in many places and occurs under similar circumstances.. Associations are characterized by having a similar floristic composition, having a uniform physiognomy, and their distribution having a unique habitat. Studies on plant associations around S. platyclados have yet to be revealed so a more in-depth ecological analysis is needed to determine the relationship between S. platyclados and other plants around it. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between S. platyclados and the dominant trees in the Martelu Purba Nature Reserve area. Using the 2x2 Contingency Table, association analysis was performed on the primary constituent species with an IVI of ≥10%.. The results of the analysis of the type of association between S.platyclados and the dominant tree showed positive for Charcoal and Akhirsap species, while for Modang, Beringin, and Kemenyan species negative association.
Investigation of physical properties, antioxidant activity, and sensory attributes of cocoa drink with the addition of torch ginger flower (Etlingera elatior) and xanthan gum
Authors: Pamungkaningtyas F H , Leonardi R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Indonesia is one of top cacao beans producer globally. Other than chocolate, cocoa drink is one of the popular cocoa derivates. The cocoa beverage is usually produced by mixing ingredients such as cocoa powder, sugar, creamer, and stabilizer. Cocoa powder is a great source of antioxidant as it contains polyphenolic compounds. However, the bioactive compounds like polyphenols might decrease during the processing of cocoa drinks. This study aimed to investigate the effect of torch ginger or kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) and xanthan gum addition on the physical properties, antioxidant activity, and sensory attributes of cocoa drink. The addition of torch ginger flower powder increased the antioxidant activity of the cocoa drink, but decrease the pH of the cocoa drink and consumers’ acceptance of aroma and taste of the cocoa drink. The addition of xanthan gum at 0.09 g resulted in the increased total solubility and reduced the sedimentation of cocoa drink.
Potential of red edible oil as alternative energy: A study in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Thamrin M H , Nasution F A , Indainanto Y I , Safira C , Kholil S , al-Mujtahid N M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Innovation Development Red cooking oil as an alternative to ordinary cooking oil is considered to be a solution to overcome the problem of unstable cooking oil. The implementation policy carried out by the government in the plan to build a cooperative-based red cooking oil factory was found to have various challenges. The purpose of this research is to analyze the development policy of red cooking oil production in North Sumatra. The research method focuses on descriptive and in-depth data collection through literature analysis. The results show that red cooking oil is claimed to be healthier than palm cooking oil. The potential for red cooking oil production is very possible by looking at alternative energy to replace cooking oil. However, development priorities are highly dependent on policies that affect the contribution of cooking oil as an alternative energy. The Indonesian government’s efforts to place the province of North Sumatra as a pilot in developing policies to promote the production and use of red cooking oil involving cooperatives are expected as a form of local empowerment in improving community welfare.
Distribution of mercury contamination on paddy fields in various levels of soil depth in gold mine area at Sub-District Hutabargot, Mandailing Natal Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Syahril M , Rosmayati  , Rahmawati N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Unauthorised Gold Mining in Mandailing Natal Regency could serious problems for the environment and human health. It is because waste from the amalgamation process contains mercury released into the waterways that are irrigation sources. The main damage impact from the mercury waste released into irrigation canals would be seen on the paddy field. For this reason, it is necerssary to tests and studies to see the contaminated level of mercury on paddy fields. This research was conducted from June to July 2023 in Sub-District Hutabargot, Mandailing Natal Regency by took soil sampling in the 0-10 cm, 11-20 cm, 21-20 cm, 31-40 cm, 41-50 cm, 51-60 cm, 61-70 cm, 71-80 cm, 81-90 cm, and 91-100 cm on soil depth in 7 sampling points. The resulting study obtained at least 170 amalgamation points that the waste released into the waters. The mercury content on the paddy soil in Sub-District Hutabargot which is irrigation irrigated by amalgamation process exceeding the threshold. There is an increase of mercury content in the 30 cm soil depth and then decreases with increasing soil depth. For a depth of more than 60 cm, the mercury content on the paddy soil is under the threshold.
Distribution and source of contamination of heavy metal mercury at paddy field in Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Triyanti V R , Rosmayati  , Basyuni M , Damanik R I M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Mandailing Natal Regency is administratively located in North Sumatera Province with 662,070 hectares width and a paddy field area of 40,051 hectares. Batang Gadis River stream is 180 KM long and became the source of livelihood for people in Mandailing Natal Regency as the source of drinking water, irrigation, and protein food source such as fish. Unlicensed Gold mining (PETI) occurred massively in Mandailing Natal Regency precisely at Sub-District Muara Sipongi, Sub-District Ulu Pungkut, Sub-District Huta Bargot, and Sub-District Naga Juang. The use of mercury for the amalgamation process in gold mining produces mercury waste which the run-off stream to the irrigation canals and at the end stream to Batang Gadis River Flow. This research conducted the distribution and source of contamination of heavy metal mercury at paddy fields in Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The research was conducted to take soil sample analysis from paddy fields as much as 100 points from 20 paddy field locations near the amalgamation place or the water source for irrigation from Batang Gadis River that spread in five sub-districts. The soil sample analysis took for 25 cm depth. The results showed that the mercury concentration in all rice fields studied exceeded the quality standard threshold with the highest concentration found in Sub-District Naga Juang as much as 11.47 ppm followed by Sub-District Hutabargot with 10,77 ppm concentration. The factor that determines the paddy soil contamination by the mercury was the amalgamation waste which directly streams to irrigation canals compared with the paddy field with irrigation canals direct from the Batang Gadis River.
Analysis of local heritage tourism development strategy in Indonesia: Case study in Purbayan Village
Authors: Indainanto Y I , Saraan M I K , Julianto E N , Safira C , Saptiyono A , Thamrin M H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
One of the tourist villages affected by the pandemic is Purbayan Village. As a historical and cultural heritage site with many historic buildings, Purbayan Village has become a tourist attraction in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study analyses the strategy for developing local heritage tourism through digital marketing to increase post-pandemic tourist visits to Purbayan Village. This study uses a qualitative descriptive methodology. Documentation and in-depth interviews with tourism managers in Kampung Purbayan, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia, were used as data collection techniques. Based on the study findings, tourism managers need to develop marketing tactics that use digital technology through digital marketing strategies. Tourists can easily access information about Purbayan Village by developing a Destination Management System integrated with the official website and social media, from preparing tourists for tours to booking tourist facilities and services. In addition, local heritage tourism can directly influence word-of-mouth marketing, with the quality and local authenticity of tourism substantially influencing promotion, quality, satisfaction, and loyalty. Overall, future research is important, considering practical insights and recommendations for policymakers and tourism practitioners and involving local communities in developing local heritage tourism, especially in rural areas.
Antifungal activity of yellow Chrysanthemum leaves (Chrysanthemum segetum) ethanol extract against Candida albicans and Pityrosporum ovale
Authors: Keliat J M , Lestari D , Anggraini N , Azzahra N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Yellow chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum segetum) contain secondary metabolites that have potential as antifungals. This study aims to determine the antifungal activity of the ethanol extract of yellow chrysanthemum leaves against Candida albicans and Pityrosporum ovale. This research included sample collection, preparation of dry samples, characterization of dry samples, extraction by maceration method using 96% ethanol, phytochemical screening, and antifungal tests using the agar diffusion method, as well as a positive control of 2% ketoconazole against Candida albicans and Pityrosporum ovale. The result is that ethanol extracts of yellow chrysanthemum leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and steroids. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ethanol extract of yellow chrysanthemum leaves was 50 mg/ml with an inhibition diameter of 10.20 mm for Candida albicans and 9.86 mm for Pityrosporum ovale. Ethanol extracts of yellow chrysanthemum leaves have antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Pityrosporum ovale.
Impact of Industrial Estate Development on Infrastructure Sustainability in the Wijayakusuma Industrial Area, Semarang
Authors: Sunarti S , Tyas W P , Helmi M , Dewi L A , Medina N C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The trend of urbanization forms a sustainable urban urgency through the planning of land use and infrastructure. In fulfilling urban productivity, these plans are often fragmented. This phenomenon occurs surrounding the Wijayakusuma Industrial Area, Semarang City. As a generator/vibrant of the economy and surrounding area, industry coexists with uncontrolled and non-standard infrastructure. The research aims to analyze the impact of industrial development on the infrastructure sustainability within and surrounding the Wijayakusuma Industrial Area. The study used a qualitative approach with mapping techniques, document review, and in-depth interviews that were analyzed descriptively and spatially. The results show that the attractiveness and economic potential of the industry have a strong impact on increasing infrastructure needs. However, the authority for independent infrastructure planning has resulted in the industry only focusing on internal but has not considered the impact/system unity of the surrounding infrastructure, like slums, not-interconnected, and non-standard infrastructure so it is not sustainable. The novelty is an infrastructure impact solution considering vibrant concepts in industrial strategic areas, through the concept of handling existing infrastructure, alternative infrastructure provision, especially livable and sustainable housing for workers, increasing access through TOD/neighborhood units, also physical planning and control policies.
Willingness to Pay for Lusi Island Ecotourism Development and Mangrove Conservation
Authors: Santoso Eko Budi , Umilia Ema , Siswanto Vely Kukinul 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Lusi Island is a small island formed from sedimentation at the estuary of the Porong River and has an area of 94 hectares on the border between Sidoarjo Regency and Pasuruan Regency. The mudflow dumped into the Porong River due to a mud volcano 15 years ago became the cause of the formation of the new island. The mangrove forest is one of the attractions of ecotourism on the island that could attract tourists. However, the determination of Lusi Island as a conservation area, and the increasing number of tourists do not damage the environmental sustainability of the island. Economic valuation could identify the interest and willingness of tourists to participate in preserving the mangrove forest on Lusi Island. The Contingent valuation approach is used to measure people’s preferences through direct interviews about how much respondents are willing to pay (WTP) to get an amenity and comfortable environment. The economic valuation method uses WTP (willingness to pay) as a technique for assessing the ability of tourists to contribute to the development of ecotourism. The results of this study become input in the development of ecotourism and mangrove conservation by considering the involvement of tourists in preserving Lusi Island.