bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the sentinel node biopsy clinically applicable for limited lymphadenectomy and modified gastric resection in gastric cancer? A meta‐analysis of feasibility studies
Authors: Ryu Keun Won , Eom Bang Wool , Nam Byung‐Ho , Lee Jun Ho , Kook Myeong Cherl , Choi Il Ju , Kim Young‐Woo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:Sentinel node biopsies (SNBs) have been clinically applied in melanoma and breast cancer for limited lymphadenectomy. However, the use of SNB remains controversial in gastric cancer due to unsatisfactory sensitivity and variability. This meta‐analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity of SNB in gastric cancer and to identify factors that improve its sensitivity.MethodsFeasibility studies on SNB in gastric cancer were searched for from 2001 to 2009 in Pubmed, Cochrane, and Embase. Forty‐six reports, which included 2,684 patients, were found. Estimated sensitivities, detection rates, and negative (NPV), and positive predictive values (PPV) were calculated using a random effects model. Inter‐study heterogeneity, meta‐regression, and subgroup analysis for sensitivity was performed.ResultsThe estimated sensitivity, detection rate, NPV, and PPV were 87.8%, 97.5%, 91.8%, and 38.0%, respectively, with significant inter‐study heterogeneity (P < 0.0001). However, no significant contributor to heterogeneity was identified. By subgroup analysis, sensitivity was found to depend significantly on the number of SNs harvested.ConclusionsSNB in gastric cancer is probably not clinically applicable for limited lymphadenectomy due its unsatisfactory sensitivity and heterogeneity between practicing surgeons. To improve sensitivity, more than four SNs should be harvested, and a tumor specific SNB method should be developed. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:578–584. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Post‐Colonial Analysis of Bilateral Tourism Flows: the Case of Korea and Japan
Authors: Kim Seongseop , Prideaux Bruce 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTRapid decolonization began after World War II (1939–1945) and did not conclude until the breakup of the former USSR in 1989. Many studies have labelled tourism as the peace industry. However, there have been limited efforts to analyze post‐colonial tourism exchanges between colonizers and the colonized. This study explored the development of post‐colonial tourism exchanges between Japan and South Korea in the period 1946–2010. The high level of residual mistrust and diplomatic disputes that affected bilateral flows in the years after Korea's independence from Japan have now been replaced by a very high level of bilateral flows between the two nations, indicating that many of the issues of the past are no longer seen as relevant by contemporary Korean and Japanese tourists. The paper suggests a framework for analysing post‐colonial flows. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism and linear free energy relationships in the kinetics of formation of bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives from 1,3,5‐trinitrobenzene, phenyl‐substituted 1‐benzyl‐1‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐2‐propanones, and triethylamine
Authors: Kalaivani D. , Vasuki M. , Santhi S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe kinetics and mechanism of cyclization of the anionic sigma complex obtained from the reaction of 1,3,5‐trinitrobenzene (TNB) and 1‐benzyl‐1‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐2‐propanone (BEP) in the presence of triethylamine (NEt3) have been studied in CH3CN–CH3OH (50% v/v). The order of the reaction has been found to be zero in TNB and BEP, unity in NEt3, and negative and nonintegral in triethylammonium chloride. The rate has been observed to increase slightly with an increase in the concentration of the added salt (tetraethylammonium chloride). The rate constants for the formation of bicyclic adducts from phenyl‐substituted BEP and TNB in the presence of triethylamine have been correlated with σ values. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 467–473, 2011
Poly(2‐vinylnaphthalene)‐block‐poly(acrylic acid) Block Copolymer: Self‐Assembled Pattern Formation, Alignment, and Transfer into Silicon via Plasma Etching
Authors: Zhang Xin , Metting Christopher J. , Briber Robert M. , Weilnboeck Florian , Shin Sang Hak , Jones Benjamin G. , Oehrlein Gottlieb S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractP2VN‐b‐PAA is a novel diblock copolymer which has potential as a self‐assembled nanoscale patterning material. Thin spin cast P2VN‐b‐PAA films rapidly reorganize to vertical lamellar with exposure to acetone vapor. P2VN‐b‐PAA lamellar morphology was aligned by electric field under acetone vapor at a significantly faster rate and at lower electric field strengths than other polymer systems. Observed dry etching selectivity for P2VN to PAA were comparatively high for a variety of etch gases, consistent with estimations from Ohnishi and ring parameters. Block copolymer self assembled patterns were transferred to silicon via two‐step CF4 and SF6 etching. magnified image
Performance adjusted risks: a method to improve the quality of algorithm performance while allowing all to play
Authors: Evans Mark I. , Cuckle Howard S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveDifferences in quality among ultrasound nuchal translucency providers or laboratories can profoundly affect Down syndrome screening results. A new method, performance adjusted risks (PAR), is developed to allow for such differences and improve performance.MethodsIndividual provider and laboratory marker distribution parameters are compared with national expectations. The maximum absolute deviation over the operating range is used to derive a handicap and weighting factors. Down syndrome risks obtained from commercial software for individual women can be corrected using the weights. Those with the biggest handicap will have the greatest correction. Five theoretical examples are used to illustrate handicap calculation and prospective combined test results on 32 Down syndrome and 7205 unaffected pregnancies are used to indicate the influence of weighting on performance.ResultsIn the theoretical examples, a 10% systematic change (inaccuracy) in one or more markers or a similar change in the standard deviation (imprecision) yielded a handicap ranging from 4 to 11. Over the operating range, the individual risk reduced 40% or increased 250%. When the prospective combined test results were artificially adjusted to create 10% inaccurracy in all three markers, the detection rate was only 59% but after PAR weighting this increased to 75%.ConclusionsPAR recognizes that not all providers are equal, and perfection is unrealistic. Using this approach all ‘can play’ while patients are protected from poor performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overcoming number numbness in prenatal risk communication
Authors: Pighin Stefania , Bonnefon Jean‐François , Savadori Lucia 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveEfficient prenatal risk communication hinges upon parents' grasp of statistical information. When forming their subjective representation of a probability, pregnant women may focus on inappropriate factors and ignore the appropriate factors.MethodThe present research investigates the subjective probability that pregnant women derive from statements of the form ‘There is a 1 in X chance that the baby will have condition Y,’ where the number X and the severity of the condition Y were orthogonally manipulated.ResultsStudy 1 showed that when judging how big is a 1 in X chance that a child will be affected by condition Y, pregnant women (n = 336) were sensitive to the severity of Y, but selectively numb to the objective number X. Study 2 (n = 461) replicated this pattern, but also showed that numerical numbness could be overcome by a simple intervention, namely, a quick comment that 1 in X was ‘above average.’ConclusionPractitioners must be aware that when forming a subjective probability assessment, pregnant women might be inappropriately sensitive to the severity of Y, and inappropriately numb to the number X, and that a simple communicative intervention can help in overcoming this selective number numbness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erroneous production of PAPP‐A kits: the impact of a downward shift in PAPP‐A concentration on the test performance of first‐trimester combined screening for Down syndrome
Authors: van Heesch P. N. A. C. M. , de Rijke Y. B. , Laudy J. A. M. , Wildschut H. I. J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate a 20% downward shift in the pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) concentration on the test performance of first‐trimester combined screening (FTS) for Down syndrome (DS) following a flaw in the production of PAPP‐A kits on FTS for DS.MethodsA retrospective re‐evaluation of PAPP‐A in stored sera. Inclusion criteria were a maternal weight‐corrected PAPP‐A multiple of the median value ≥ 0.9 and a biochemical risk of DS $\leq 1:200$ at the time of testing.ResultsOf the 3100 women, 473 (15%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. After combining the biochemical risk based on the incorrect PAPP‐A values with nuchal translucency findings, an increased risk for DS was initially found in 107 women [false positive rate (FPR): 3.1]. Eighty‐two (77%) of the 107 women opted for invasive testing. Following re‐analysis of PAPP‐A, the biochemical risk and the combined risk were statistically significantly different from the initial risk estimates (p < 0.001.). We noticed that 25 women (30%) had invasive testing, while this was unjustified given the re‐analysed PAPP‐A.ConclusionErroneous PAPP‐A kits resulted in an increase in the FPR by 1.2%. There were no reports of iatrogenic miscarriage. The occurrence of this problem reaffirms the importance of continuous monitoring of quality in FTS. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First trimester Down syndrome screening with dried blood spots using a dual analyte free beta hCG and PAPP‐A immunofluorometric assay
Authors: Krantz David , Hallahan Terrence , Ravens Rachel , He Kuanglin , Cuckle Howard , Sherwin John , Carmichael Jonathan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of first trimester Down syndrome screening with dried blood spots using a dual analyte free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)/pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) immunofluorometric assay.MethodAn initial retrospective study of 54 Down syndrome cases and 1064 control specimens was performed followed by a series of 146 513 specimens from routine screening. Detection rates at a fixed 5% false‐positive rate were determined separately based on reference data from the retrospective study set and then adjusted based on the routine screening study set.ResultsOn the basis of the retrospective analysis, the estimated detection rate using free beta hCG, PAPP‐A and maternal age varied from 78% at 9 weeks of pregnancy to 70% at 13 weeks of pregnancy. Using a combined protocol, including NT, the detection rate varied from 92 to 90% between 9 and 13 weeks of gestation. Adjusting distribution parameters based on the routine screening dataset reduced the detection rate by at most 1%.ConclusionAnalysis of free beta hCG and PAPP‐A using a dual analyte dried blood spot assay is an effective tool in Down syndrome screening, adding an important option for those considering implementation or modification of existing prenatal screening programs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical conductivity and fracture behavior of epoxy/polyamide‐12/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites
Authors: White Kevin L. , Sue H.‐J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractUntreated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were incorporated into a brittle epoxy matrix at 1 wt% by solvent evaporation and showed significant gains in tensile strength, strain at break, and electrical conductivity. However, only fractional improvement in fracture toughness was observed. To improve fracture toughness, 10 μm polyamide‐12 (PA) preformed particles were added at 20 wt% loading. The PA particles were observed to aid in the dispersion of MWCNTs, reducing most of the large MWCNT clusters to submicron sizes. The epoxy/PA/MWCNT ternary composite exhibits an increased electrical percolation threshold, but nearly identical electrical scaling behavior as the epoxy/MWCNT composite. The similarity in percolation parameters suggest conduction occurs by efficient electron transport through MWCNT clusters, rather than pathways composed of individual tubes. The ternary composite also shows significant improvements in strain at break and fracture toughness due to synergistic interaction between filler phases. The usefulness of this ternary composite approach in vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding for advanced composite applications is discussed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Elongation properties of polyethylene melts
Authors: Liang Ji‐Zhao , Zhong Lei 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe extensional rheological properties of three grades of polyethylene melts, low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), and high density polyethylene (HDPE) were measured using a melt spinning technique under the test conditions with temperature ranging from 150 to 210°C and extrusion rate varying from 11.25 to 22.50 mm s−1. The results showed that the melt strength decreased with a rise of temperature while increased with an increase of extensional rate. With the rise of extensional strain rate and temperature, the melt extensional viscosity decreased. The extensional stress and viscosity reduced with increasing extrusion velocity when the temperature and extensional rate were constant. Moreover, the melt strength and extensional viscosity of the LDPE resin was the highest and the LLDPE was the lowest under the same experimental conditions. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Process modeling for the synthesis of unsaturated polyester
Authors: Shah M. , Zondervan E. , de Haan A.B 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis work presents a dynamic model for a polyesterfication reaction in a system containing a batch‐wise operating reaction vessel connected to a flash separation unit. This model includes kinetics, description of the change of rate order during the reaction, the polymer nonrandom theory of liquid (NRTL) nonideal thermodynamic model based on NRTL and mass balances. The reaction between maleic anhydride and propylene glycol has been taken as a case study. The reaction scheme is complex, and the proposed model takes four types of reactions into account, ring opening, polyesterfication, isomerization, and saturation reactions. The acid value of the polyester, number–average molecular weight, distilled mass, and glycol concentration in the distillate have been subsequently used to validate the model, and the model predicts these important variables reliably. The process description is improved by using the vapor–liquid equilibrium data predicted from the polymer NRTL model. Particularly, the prediction of distilled mass [regression coefficient (R2) = 0.995] and the prediction of propylene glycol concentration (R2 = 0.97) in the distillate are significantly improved. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Functional assessment and positive support strategies for promoting resilience: Effects on teachers and high‐risk children
Authors: Stoiber Karen Callan , Gettinger Maribeth 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to conduct an experimental analysis of teachers' use of functional assessment (FA) and positive behavior support (PBS) for addressing challenging behaviors in young children. A group of 35 experimental teachers participated in professional development designed to provide step‐by‐step training and guided implementation of FA linked to PBS intervention planning for children identified with challenging behavior in prekindergarten through first‐grade classrooms. A randomly designated group of 35 control teachers received neither training nor consultation for implementing FA and PBS. At post‐intervention, experimental teachers reported increased resilience as evidenced in their significantly higher competence and self‐efficacy along with greater utilization of FA and PBS practices compared with control teachers. Increased levels of resilience were also documented on multiple measures for experimental children with challenging behaviors who received FA and PBS. Specifically, experimental children demonstrated more positive behaviors and fewer challenging behaviors compared with control children at post‐intervention. The findings offer empirical support for providing professional development in FA and PBS as a proactive strategy for promoting improved competence for teachers and, more importantly, for improving resilience among children with behavioral concerns. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The promise and the caution of resilience models for schools
Authors: Doll Beth , Jones Kristin , Osborn Allison , Dooley Kadie , Turner April 
Published: June 2011

AbstractResilience is a very useful construct for framing school mental health services to children and is particularly applicable to mental health services in school settings. Still, resilience perspectives should not be overgeneralized to school mental health practice because risk and resilience wax and wane over time and daily decisions about students' needs for support must remain flexible and responsive to these changes. This article describes shifts and changes in early indicators of school success for third‐ through fifth‐grade students in a Midwestern elementary school as one example of the power and limitations of resilience models' applicability. The example is used to argue for caution in interpreting early indicators of risk as predicting subsequent poor student outcomes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The psychosocial impact of an abnormal cervical smear result
Authors: Drolet Mélanie , Brisson Marc , Maunsell Elizabeth , Franco Eduardo L. , Coutlée François , Ferenczy Alex , Fisher William , Mansi James A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundData on the impact of abnormal cervical smear results on health‐related quality of life (HrQoL) are scarce. We aimed to (i) prospectively assess the HrQoL of women who were informed of an abnormal smear result; (ii) identify predictors of greater negative psychosocial impact of an abnormal result; and (iii) prospectively estimate the quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) lost following an abnormal result.MethodsBetween 08/2006 and 08/2008, 492 women with an abnormal result and 460 women with a normal result, frequency matched for age and clinic, were recruited across Canada. HrQoL was measured at recruitment and 4 and 12 weeks later with the EuroQol, Short Form‐12, short Spielberg State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and HPV Impact Profile. Three blocks of potential predictors of higher psychosocial impact were tested by hierarchical modeling: (i) socio‐demographics; (ii) sexual activity; and (iii) smear result severity, communication, and understanding.ResultsReceiving an abnormal result significantly increased anxiety (STAI mean difference between both groups = 8.3). Initial anxiety decreased over time for the majority of women. However, 35% of women had clinically meaningful anxiety at 12 weeks (i.e. STAI scores ≥0.5 standard deviation of the controls). These women reported a lower socio‐economic level, did not completely understand the information about their result and perceived themselves at higher risk of cancer. QALY lost following an abnormal result were between 0.007 and 0.009.ConclusionsReceiving an abnormal smear has a statistically significant and clinically meaningful negative impact on mental health. However, this negative impact subsides after 12 weeks for the majority of women. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical properties of dye sensitized TiO2 nanowires from time‐dependent density functional theory
Authors: Hartmann Douma Dick , Gebauer Ralph 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe present a computational study based on time‐dependent density functional theory of the optical absorption spectra of TiO2 nanowires sensitized with organic dye molecules. We concentrate on catechol and squaraine dyes. For those molecules, we compute adsorption geometries and energies and investigate the optical properties of the combined dye– nanowire system. We find that although the molecules have qualitatively different optical spectra in the gas phase, both lead to an enhancement of the absorption in the visible frequency range when adsorbed on a nanowire.magnified imageA TiO2 nanowire with attached squaraine and catechol dye molecules.(© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Consumer Demand for Information Accessible Through Automatic Identification
Authors: Lindqvist Ulf , Federley Maija , Hakola Liisa , Laukkanen Mikko , Mensonen Aino , Viljakainen Anna 
Published: June 2011

Packages are expected to carry ever more information in a limited space. One solution to this problem is automatic identification, i.e. adding elements to the package that can be linked to electronic information systems. The aim of this study was to find the best way to produce additional business for the value chain of packages via existing technologies for automatic identification.Automatic identification can give benefits in the form of cost savings, new business opportunities, additional value to existing business and increased customer loyalty to all players in the value chain. Available technologies are 2D bar codes, digital watermarks, image recognition, fibre matrix, radiofrequency identification tags and magnetic codes.Pilot tests and user studies showed that additional services offered via automatic identification should include detailed product data, recipes, nutrient needs and user instructions and should match user demand. Obstacles to use are costs, time consumption and complexity.In Japan, mobile barcodes are part of everyday life: well known to consumers and used on a flat‐rate basis. From the beginning, the introduction was based on consumer needs, not on early profit. Today, it operates on a win–win principle, with benefits for all the players in the value chain, and several traditional printers have created completely new service concepts for their customers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The tempest unmanned aircraft system for in situ observations of tornadic supercells: Design and VORTEX2 flight results
Authors: Elston Jack S. , Roadman Jason , Stachura Maciej , Argrow Brian , Houston Adam , Frew Eric 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper reports results from field deployments of the Tempest Unmanned Aircraft System, the first of its kind of unmanned aircraft system designed to perform in situ sampling of supercell thunderstorms, including those that produce tornadoes. A description of the critical system components, consisting of the unmanned aircraft, ground support vehicles, communications network, and custom software, is given. The unique concept of operations and regulatory issues for this type of highly nomadic and dynamic system are summarized, including airspace regulatory decisions from the Federal Aviation Administration to accommodate unmanned aircraft system operations for the study of supercell thunderstorms. A review of the system performance and concept of operations effectiveness during flights conducted for the spring 2010 campaign of the VORTEX2 project is provided. These flights resulted in the first‐ever sampling of the rear flank gust front and airmass associated with the rear flank downdraft of a supercell thunderstorm by an unmanned aircraft system. A summary of the lessons learned, future work, and next steps is provided. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.