bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zum Beultragverhalten längsausgesteifter Teilfelder mit endenden Längssteifen bei Normalspannungsbeanspruchung
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Kassin Patrick 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLängsausgesteifte Stege von Biegeträgern oder längsausgesteifte Querschnittsteile von Kastenquerschnitten weisen in der Regel ausreichend steife Quersteifen auf, so dass hinsichtlich der Beultragfähigkeit jeweils jedes Teilfeld zwischen zwei Quersteifen isoliert betrachtet werden kann. Infolge unterschiedlicher Beanspruchungen innerhalb der Bauteile ändert sich oft auch die Anordnung der Längsaussteifung in Längsrichtung. Damit weisen einzelne Teilfelder endende Längssteifen auf.In den alten nationalen und aktuellen Normenwerken (DIN, Eurocode) wird auf diesen Sachverhalt nur sehr pauschal am Rande eingegangen. Eine Quantifizierung der Traglastreduktion, gegenüber dem Standardfall durchlaufender Längssteifen, ist jedoch nicht möglich. Dieses Informationsdefizit war Anlass für eine vergleichende numerische Studie zum Beultragverhalten von längsausgesteiften Teilfeldern mit und ohne endenden Längssteifen. Dabei wurden für die materiell und geometrisch nichtlinearen Traglastberechnungen mit geometrischen Ersatzimperfektionen bereits die im Eurocode EN 1993‐1‐5 vorgeschlagenen Berechnungshinweise angewendet. Nach einem Vergleich der Traglasten für ausgewählte repräsentative Beispiele, erfolgt auch ein Vorschlag für die Modifikation des Berechnungsmodells im Eurocode zur Ermittlung der Beultragfähigkeit rc nach dem Konzept der reduzierten Spannungen, um den Effekt endender Längssteifen mit zu erfassen.Plate buckling capacity of longitudinally stiffened panels with ending stiffeners under normal stresses. Longitudinally stiffened panels of plated or boxed girders generally have transverse stiffeners with sufficient stiffness out of plane, so that for plate buckling each panel can be treated independently. Due to varying stresses along the member also the position of longitudinal stiffeners changes. Therefore several panels have ending longitudinal stiffeners. In the old national and actual codes (DIN and Eurocode) this effect is only mentioned by the way, but the reduction of load bearing capacity due to ending longitudinal stiffeners is not quantified.Therefore a numerical study was made dealing with the buckling capacity of longitudinally stiffened panels with and without ending stiffeners. The geometric and material nonlinear calculations with equivalent geometric imperfections were based on the new recommendations in the Eurocode EN 1993‐1‐5. After the presentation of the results of this study for representative panels, also a suggestion for the modification of the design model in the Eurocode for the buckling capacity rc of a panel is made, considering the effect of ending stiffeners.
Bemessung von Zuggliedern nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐11 – Grenzzustände der Gebrauchstauglichkeit
Authors: Kathage Karsten , Misiek Thomas 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDer Beitrag behandelt die Bemessungsregeln des Eurocode 3 Teil 1‐11 für Zugglieder aus Stahl im Grenzzustand der Gebrauchstauglichkeit. Der Beitrag umfasst Regelungen für Zugstäbe und Zugstabsysteme sowie Regelungen für offene und vollverschlossene Spiralseile, Rundlitzenseile, Paralleldraht‐ litzen, Paralleldrahtbündel und Litzenbündelseile. Diese Regelungen werden vorgestellt und erläutert. Soweit hilfreich und möglich erfolgt ein Vergleich mit den Regelungen von DIN 18800‐1.Design of tension components according to DIN EN 1993‐1‐11 – Serviceability limit states. The paper deals with the design rules of Eurocode 3 part 1‐11 for tension components at serviceability limit states. The paper covers rules for tension rods and tension rod systems as well as rules for wire ropes, bundles of parallel wires or strands. These rules are introduced and explained. If helpful and possible, a comparison with the rules of DIN 18800‐1 is made.
Challenges in Critical Language Teaching
Authors: Pessoa Rosane Rocha , de Urzêda Freitas Marco Túlio 
Published: July 2012

This article is based on the conception of language teaching as a liberatory practice. Drawing on some principles of critical pedagogy (Ellsworth, 1992; Freire, 2005; hooks, 1994; Norton & Toohey, 2004), critical applied linguistics (Pennycook, 1990, 2001), critical language teaching (Ferreira, 2006; Pennycook, 1999), and critical language teacher education (Hawkins & Norton, 2009), the authors developed a case study in a language center of a federal university in the state of Goiás, Brazil, in which they analyzed the challenges of teaching English through critical themes based on students' perception and on collaborative reflections between the teacher and his collaborator. They found that, in general, students were pleased with their development concerning language and critical thinking as a result of engagement in the dialogic process established in class for 4 months. However, the research also implies that language teachers, when adopting critical teaching, should learn how to engage fully with students' positions and academic voices, choice and length of themes, and the conception of language as a social practice.
Survey of Surgery and Anesthesia Infrastructure in Ethiopia
Authors: Chao Tiffany E. , Burdic MacKenzie , Ganjawalla Karan , Derbew Miliard , Keshian Christopher , Meara John , McQueen Kelly 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundInformation regarding surgical capacity in the developing world is limited by the paucity of available data regarding surgical care, infrastructure, and human resources in the literature. The purpose of this study was to assess surgical and anesthesia infrastructure and human resources in Ethiopia as part of a larger study by the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative examining surgical and anesthesia capacity in ten low‐income countries in Africa.MethodsA comprehensive survey tool developed by the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative was used to assess surgical capacity of hospitals in Ethiopia. A total of 20 hospitals were surveyed through convenience sampling. Eight areas of surgical and anesthesia care were examined, including access and availability, access to human resources, infrastructure, outcomes, operating room information and procedures, equipment, nongovernmental organization delivery of surgical services, and pharmaceuticals. Results were obtained over a 1‐month period during October 2011.ResultsThere is wide variation in accessibility, with hospital‐to‐population ratios ranging from 1:99,010 to 1:1,082,761. The overall physician to population ratio ranges from 1:4715 to 1:107,602. The average hospital has one to two operating rooms, 4.2 surgeons, one gynecologist, and 4.5 anesthesia providers—although in all but three hospitals anesthesiology was provided by nonphysician personnel only (i.e., a nurse anesthetist). Access to continuous electricity, running water, essential medications, and monitoring systems is very limited in all hospitals surveyed, although such access did vary across regions.ConclusionsThis survey of Ethiopia’s hospital resources attempts to identify specific areas of need where resources, education, and development can be targeted. Because the major surgical mortality comes from late presentations, increasing accessibility through infrastructure development would likely provide a major improvement in surgical morbidity and mortality rates. Infrastructure limitations of electricity, water, oxygen, and blood banking do not prove to be significant barriers to surgical care. The increasing number of physicians is promising, although efforts should be directed specifically toward increasing the number of anesthesiologists and surgeons in the country.
Complications and associated risk factors at screw removal in slipped capital femoral epiphysis treated by cannulated stainless steel screws
Authors: Pretell-Mazzini Juan , Rodriguez-Vega Victor , Muñoz-Ledesma Jorge , Andrés-Esteban Eva María , Marti-Ciruelos Rafael , González-López José Luis , Curto- De la Mano Angel 
Published: July 2012

Purpose The aim of our study is to report our complication rate and analyze the associated risk factors when removing cannulated stainless steel screws for SCFE fixation. Methods This was a multicenter retrospective study of patients who underwent removal of cannulated stainless steel screws after a mean time of 2.03 years of implantation. Thirty-two patients were included (38 hips) with a mean of 13.7 years of age during screw removal surgery. The mean post-removal follow up time was 1.6 years. In all cases the removal of screws was done systematically. Demographic data, possible risk factors related to removal failure, as well as post-removal complications such as post-removal fractures, infections and scar issues were recorded. Results A removal failure rate of 15.79 % (6/38) was found. The removal surgical time was longer than the initial fixation time but without statistical significance (70.78 vs 61.84 m, p = 0.196). However, the duration of screw implantation ( r2: 7.09; IC: 1.12–13.06) and screw head bony coverage ( r2: 21.32; IC: 5.58–37.06) were both related to this prolonged time. Multivariant analysis revealed that a fully threaded cannulated screw had the lowest removal failure risk (OR: 0.3; IC: 0.14–0.61). There were no postremoval complications recorded. Conclusions We recommend to use full threaded cannulated stainless steel screws and to perform the procedure as soon as the physis are closed to decrease the surgical time. It is a safe procedure based on a low rate of complications such as post-removal fractures, infection and scar issues.
Grapevines of Innovation: Ozone as a Cleaning Agent in the California Wine Industry
Authors: Bar-Am Calanit , Lapsley* Jim , Mueller Rolf A.E. , Sumner* Daniel A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article examines the diffusion of technological innovation within the California wine industry by studying the adoption of ozone-cleaning technology. The paper compares ozone with other sanitizing systems and reviews current perspectives on innovation diffusion and adoption before describing and analyzing the results of a 2007 industry survey completed by 128 California wineries. We find that the decision to adopt ozone-cleaning technology was correlated with its economic advantages but not with either demographics of decision makers or variables indicative of a winery's ability to absorb new information. (JEL Classification: Q1, Q16, O33)
Dietary galacto-oligosaccharides and calcium: effects on energy intake, fat-pad weight and satiety-related, gastrointestinal hormones in rats
Authors: Overduin Joost , Schoterman Margriet H. C. , Calame Wim , Schonewille Arjan J. , Ten Bruggencate Sandra J. M. 
Published: July 2012

Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are carbohydrates that are fermented by colonic microbiota. The present study examined effects of a 3-week dietary enrichment with 6 % (w/w) GOS on parameters of energy balance in forty-three male Wistar rats. GOS was tested with two doses of calcium phosphate (30 and 100 mmol/kg), known to differently affect colonic fermentation. After 17 d, isoenergetic test meals were presented and plasma responses of ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) were measured. On day 21 (study termination) epididymal fat pads and caecum were weighed. Additionally, gastrointestinal mucosal samples and proximal colonic contents were analysed for gene expression (ghrelin, proglucagon and PYY) and fermentation metabolites (SCFA and lactate), respectively. GOS reduced energy intake most prominently during the first week, without provoking compensatory overeating later on (average intake reduction: 14 %). The GOS-fed rats showed increased caecal and reduced fat-pad weight and increased gene expression of the satiety-related peptides, PYY (1·7-fold) and proglucagon (3·5-fold). Pre-meal baseline and post-meal plasma levels of PYY, but not of ghrelin or GLP-1, were higher in GOS-fed rats than in control rats. Ca enrichment resulted in higher energy intake (average 4·5 %). GOS diets increased lactic acid levels and slightly reduced butyric acid in proximal colonic contents. Ca abolished the GOS-related elevation of lactic acid, while increasing propionic acid levels, but did not inhibit GOS-related effects on energy intake, fat-pad weight or gene expression. These results indicate that dietary GOS stimulate a number of physiological mechanisms that can reduce energy intake, regardless of the calcium phosphate content of the diet.
Contribution of foods consumed away from home to energy intake in Brazilian urban areas: the 2008–9 Nationwide Dietary Survey
Authors: Bezerra Ilana Nogueira , de Moura Souza Amanda , Pereira Rosangela Alves , Sichieri Rosely 
Published: July 2012

The objectives of the present study were to estimate the dietary contribution of away-from-home food consumption, to describe the contribution of away-from-home foods to energy intake, and to investigate the association between eating away from home and total energy intake in Brazilian urban areas. In the first Brazilian Nationwide Dietary Survey, conducted in 2008–9, food records were collected from 25 753 individuals aged 10 years or older, living in urban areas of Brazil. Foods were grouped into thirty-three food groups, and the mean energy intake provided by away-from-home food consumption was estimated. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between away-from-home food consumption and total energy intake. All analyses considered the sample design effect. Of the total population, 43 % consumed at least one food item away from home. The mean energy intake from foods consumed away from home was 1408 kJ (337 kcal), averaging 18 % of total energy intake. Eating away from home was associated with increased total energy intake, except for men in the highest income level. The highest percentage of away-from-home energy sources was for food with a high content of energy, such as alcoholic beverages (59 %), baked and deep-fried snacks (54 %), pizza (42 %), soft drinks (40 %), sandwiches (40 %), and sweets and desserts (30 %). The consumption of foods away from home was related to a greater energy intake. The characterisation of away-from-home food habits is necessary in order to properly design strategies to promote healthy food consumption in the away-from-home environment.
Fate of enterotoxigenicStaphylococcus aureusand staphylococcal enterotoxins in Feta and Galotyri cheeses
Authors: Pexara Andreana , Solomakos Nikolaos , Sergelidis Daniil , Govaris Alexandros 
Published: July 2012

In this study the fate of enterotoxigenicStaphylococcus aureusand staphylococcal enterotoxins in Feta and Galotyri cheeses were studied. Initially, the enterotoxigenic abilities of fourStaph. aureusLHA, LHB, LHC and LHD strains isolated from raw ovine milk were examined in both BHI broth and ovine milk. In BHI broth, theStaph. aureusLHA, LHB, LHC and LHD strains were found toxigenic at 37 °C producing the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) serotypes SEA, SEB, SEC and SED, respectively, whereas in ovine milk at 37 °C,Staph. aureusLHD was found to produce only SED, while no SE production was observed for the other examined strains. Thus, the fate of onlyStaph. aureusLHD and SED were examined in Feta and Galotyri cheeses. The cheeses were made from raw ovine toxic milk with preformed SED or raw ovine milk contaminated with high (ca 6 log cfu/ml) and low inocula (ca 3 log cfu/ml) ofStaph. aureusLHD. Results showed that the pathogen was eliminated at slower rate in Galotyri cheese than in Feta cheese, for the high (5 d vs. 16 d) or the low (1 d vs. 12 d) inoculum trials. In both cheeses produced from the toxic milk, SED was detected during manufacturing and storage. SED was also detected in the curd (2 h), whenStaph. aureusLHD populations had reached ca 7 log cfu/g, and up to the end of storage for the high inoculum trials of both cheeses. No SED was observed for the low inoculum trials of either cheese.
Temperament, character and serotonin activity in the human brain: a positron emission tomography study based on a general population cohort
Authors: Tuominen L. , Salo J. , Hirvonen J. , Någren K. , Laine P. , Melartin T. , Isometsä E. , Viikari J. , Cloninger C. R. , Raitakari O. , Hietala J. , Keltikangas-Järvinen L. 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundThe psychobiological model of personality by Cloninger and colleagues originally hypothesized that interindividual variability in the temperament dimension ‘harm avoidance’ (HA) is explained by differences in the activity of the brain serotonin system. We assessed brain serotonin transporter (5-HTT) densityin vivowith positron emission tomography (PET) in healthy individuals with high or low HA scores using an ‘oversampling’ study design.MethodSubjects consistently in either upper or lower quartiles for the HA trait were selected from a population-based cohort in Finland (n = 2075) with pre-existing Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores. A total of 22 subjects free of psychiatric and somatic disorders were included in the matched high- and low-HA groups. The main outcome measure was regional 5-HTT binding potential (BPND) in high- and low-HA groups estimated with PET and [11C]N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-methylphenylthio)benzylamine ([11C]MADAM). In secondary analyses, 5-HTT BPNDwas correlated with other TCI dimensions.Results5-HTT BPNDdid not differ between high- and low-HA groups in the midbrain or any other brain region. This result remained the same even after adjusting for other relevant TCI dimensions. Higher 5-HTT BPNDin the raphe nucleus predicted higher scores in ‘self-directedness’.ConclusionsThis study does not support an association between the temperament dimension HA and serotonin transporter density in healthy subjects. However, we found a link between high serotonin transporter density and high ‘self-directedness’ (ability to adapt and control one's behaviour to fit situations in accord with chosen goals and values). We suggest that biological factors are more important in explaining variability in character than previously thought.
Structure and mechanism of purine-binding riboswitches
Authors: Batey Robert T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA riboswitch is a non-protein coding sequence capable of directly binding a small molecule effector without the assistance of accessory proteins to regulate expression of the mRNA in which it is embedded. Currently, over 20 different classes of riboswitches have been validated in bacteria with the promise of many more to come, making them an important means of regulating the genome in the bacterial kingdom. Strikingly, half of the known riboswitches recognize effector compounds that contain a purine or related moiety. In the last decade, significant progress has been made to determine how riboswitches specifically recognize these compounds against the background of many other similar cellular metabolites and transduce this signal into a regulatory response. Of the known riboswitches, the purine family containing guanine, adenine and 2′-deoxyguanosine-binding classes are the most extensively studied, serving as a simple and useful paradigm for understanding how these regulatory RNAs function. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge regarding the structure and mechanism of these riboswitches, as well as insights into how they might be exploited as therapeutic targets and novel biosensors.
Challenges to Quantitative Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Atomic-Resolution X-Ray Spectral
Authors: Kotula Paul G. , Klenov Dmitri O. , von Harrach H. Sebastian 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA new aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with an array of Si-drift energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometers has been utilized to acquire spectral image data at atomic resolution. The resulting noisy data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis to noise filter, remove an unwanted and partially overlapping non-sample-specific X-ray signal, and extract the relevant correlated X-ray signals (e.g., channels with L and K lines). As an example, the Y2Ti2O7pyrochlore-structured oxide (assumed here to be ideal) was interrogated at the [011] projection. In addition to pure columns of Y and Ti, at this projection, there are also mixed 50-50 at. % Y-Ti columns. An attempt at atomic-resolution quantification is presented. The method proposed here is to subtract the non-column-specific signal from the elemental components and then quantify the data based upon an internally derivedk-factor. However, a theoretical basis to predict this non-column-specific signal is needed to make this generally applicable.
Scene through the Press: Rock Music and Underground Papers in London, 1966–73
Authors: BRATUS ALESSANDRO 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn the years around 1968 London was home to a sizeable community of writers, musicians, artists, and political activists whose countercultural attitudes are expressed in the publications of the ‘alternative’ or ‘underground’ press – magazines such asInternational Times,OZ,INK,Friends(laterFrendz),Time Out,Gandalf's Garden,The Black Dwarf, andThe Hustler. That most of them had at least some pages devoted to music reflected the crucial role of rock in particular in summing up the community's aspirations, focused less on political or social than on cultural transformation. This article seeks to chart in these underground publications the changing attitudes towards music and its revolutionary potential. Initially the alternative press portrayed popular music as sharing with avant-garde tendencies a basic equation between new creative means and their would-be disruptive effects on society as a whole. However, there soon arose contradictions between the radical social potential of music and its growing commercialization, contradictions stemming not only from the co-optation of rock by market forces and record companies but also from the underground's own lack of a coherent ideological agenda. Paradoxically, it was precisely when popular music began to be considered a form of ‘high’ culture – just as the alternative press advocated – that its perceived effectiveness as part of the revolutionary, countercultural project began to diminish.
Seismic velocity variations along the rupture zone of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, California
Authors: Lin G. , Thurber C. H. 
Published: July 2012

We revisit the rupture zone of the 1989 Mw6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake, central California, by developing high‐resolution three‐dimensional (3‐D)Vp and Vp/Vs models. We apply the simul2000 inversion method and algorithm to a set of “composite” events, which have greater number of picks per event and reduced random picking errors compared with traditional master events. Our final P‐wave velocity model generally agrees with previous studies, showing a high velocity body of above 6.7 km/s in the southeast rupture zone of the main shock. The 3‐DVp/Vs model, however, has different features, with low Vp/Vs in the upper crust and high Vp/Vs anomalies in deeper layers of the rupture zone. We interpret the low Vp/Vs at shallow depths to be granitic rocks, whereas at greater depths the areas of higher Vp/Vs(around 1.725–1.75) presumably are mafic rocks. The resulting 3‐D velocity model was used to improve absolute locations for all local events between 1984 and 2010 in our study area. We then applied a similar event cluster analysis, waveform cross‐correlation, and differential time relocation methods to improve relative event location accuracy. Over 88% of the seismicity falls into similar event clusters. A dramatic sharpening of seismicity patterns is obtained after using these methods. The medians of the relative location uncertainties calculated by using the bootstrap approach are 5 m for horizontal and 8 m for vertical. Differential times from cross‐correlation are used to estimatein situnear‐sourceVp/Vsratio within each event cluster. The high‐resolutionVp/Vs method confirms the trend of the velocity variations from the tomographic results, although absolute values are slightly different.