bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower Temperature Plasticizing and Extrusion of Polymer in Spherical Screw Extruder under Vibration Force Field
Authors: Zeng G. , Xu C. , Liu Y. , Qu J. , Jiang T. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Physical and mathematical model for polymer plasticizing in proposed electromagnetic dynamic spherical screw extruder were developed to explore polymer plasticizing and molding mechanism at lower temperature under vibration force field. Polymer plasticizing mechanism was studied by deriving the mathematical expressions of energy consumed and the polymer flow. The energy consumed in polymer plasticizing was depicted in terms of vibrating dissipation, polymer deformation, shear and friction energy. LDPE was used as an objective material and extruded by the extruder with the electromagnetic excitation and spherical screw. The experimental results show the good agreement with theoretical calculations. Both of them show that: Polymer processing temperature and energy consumption decrease significantly while the plasticizing rate is increased over 60% by introducing the vibration force field. The research offers experimental and theoretical references as well as the evaluation method for optimizing the polymer processing parameters and designing the vibration induced equipment.
Elastomer Nanocomposites Based on NR/EPDM/Organoclay: Morphology and Properties
Authors: Alipour A. , Naderi G. , Bakhshandeh G. R. , Vali H. , Shokoohi S. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Natural rubber/Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (NR/EPDM) blends of five different compositions (0/100), (25/75), (50/50), (75/25) and (100/0) with 1, 3, 5 and 7 phr organo-modified nanoclay (Cloisite 15A) were prepared by two-roll mill. The effect of organo-modified layered nanosilicates and composition on the cure characteristics, microstructure, mechanical, and rheological properties of the nanocomposites were studied. Results suggested the intercalation of polymer chains into the silicate layers which was evidenced by d-spacing results of X-ray diffraction patterns. TEM micrographs also directly confirmed XRD results. Mechanical properties of the nanocomposites depicted a nearly 40% percents increase respectively in the tensile modulus of 75NR/25EPDM containing 7 wt.% nanoclay.
Rheological Properties of Neat and Calcium Carbonate Particles Filled Polypropylene Blends under Axial Vibration Force Field
Authors: Liu Y. , Jiang T. , Zeng G. , Huang Y. , Li X. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Structures, working mechanism, data collecting and processing methods of the self-made multifunctional all-electronic rheometer for polymer composites were introduced in detail. The validity of this equipment was proved by deriving the apparent shear viscosity expression under axial vibration condition and comparing the results obtained from both this self-made rheometer and Rosand Rh7D capillary rheometer at steady state. With this equipment, the effects of calcium carbonate weight fraction, particle size and vibration parameters on apparent shear viscosity of calcium carbonate filled propylene composites were investigated. The results show that: the apparent shear viscosity of the composites increases with the filled particle concentration. However, it is seldom affected by particle size within certain a range of shear rate. While the apparent shear viscosity increases with the decrease of particle size at moderate shear rate. Besides, the apparent shear viscosity declines rapidly with the increasing vibration amplitude. However it exhibits a cosinoidal or sinusoidal trend as vibration frequency increases and peaks at the resonant frequency of the composites.
Feasibility Analysis of an In-mold Multivariate Sensor
Authors: Kazmer D. O. , Johnston S. P. , Gao R. X. , Fan Z. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The initial design of a novel multivariate sensor is described for the measurement of melt temperature, melt pressure, melt velocity, melt viscosity, and mold temperature. Melt pressure and temperature are respectively obtained through the incorporation of a piezoceramic element and infrared photodetector within the sensor head. Melt velocity is derived from the initial response of the melt temperature as the polymer melt flows across the sensor's lens. The apparent melt viscosity is then derived from the melt velocity and the time derivative of the increasing melt pressure given the cavity thickness. The feasibility of the envisioned sensor is then analyzed using a production-grade mold that is instrumented with commercial piezoelectric pressure sensors, infrared pyrometer, and thermocouples. Several predictive models of part weight are developed using multiple regression of data obtained from a design of experiments to evaluate the capability of the envisioned multivariate sensor. The results indicate a correlation coefficient, R2, of 0.79 for a model based on the machine settings, 0.80 for a model based on a cavity pressure sensor, 0.90 for a model based on the multivariate sensor, and 0.98 for a non-linear model based on the multivariate sensor. The implication is that multiple orthogonal sensing streams with high fidelity models are necessary to provide automatic quality assurance sufficient for fully automated plastics manufacturing.
Effect of Random and Block Copolypropylenes on Structure and Properties of Uniaxially and Biaxially Oriented PP Films
Authors: Tabatabaei S. H. , Ajji A. , Ghasemi H. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Cast films of two linear polypropylenes (PP) having different molecular weights and their blends with 5, 20, and 40 wt.% random and block copolymers were prepared. The produced cast films were uniaxially and biaxially hot drawn at T = 155°C using a biaxial stretcher and the changes in structure and morphology were examined and related to barrier, mechanical, haze, and tear properties. The crystallinity and crystal size distribution of the films were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The uniaxial drawing generated a highly oriented fibrillar structure, resulting in an increase in the melting point of the films. A significant effect of the random copolymer on the size of crystallites was found using DSC, which was also confirmed from polarized optical microscopy (POM). Compared to the neat homopolymers, finer and numerous spherulites were observed for the blends. During drawing, the applied loads in the machine and transverse directions (MD and TD, respectively) were recorded and related to breaking up and tilting of the crystal lamellae. Adding the random copolymer appreciably decreased the haze of the films and hence drastically improved the clarity. Tensile properties and tear resistance of the cast films in MD and TD were evaluated. The addition of the random copolymer slightly reduced the Young modulus and tensile strength, but increased the elongation at break. A slight increase in the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the biaxially drawn films were observed by adding the copolymer.
Co-intercalation in PP Clay Nanocomposites: Effect of Short Chain Additives on Rheological Properties
Authors: Haworth B. , Ratnayake U. N. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Layered structures in inorganic minerals are not easily intercalated when combined with conventional non-polar polymers such as polypropylene (PP). A new co-intercalation method is reported whereby the combined influence of low molecular weight polar additives and polyolefin-based compatibilizers on PP-clay nanocomposites (PPCN) has been investigated. Our research has shown that the interlayer spacing of montmorillonite clay increases dramatically, and increased particle dispersion is achieved, when short chain, organic additives (typically amide-type, AM) are included. In this work, the migration of these additives into the clay galleries has been confirmed by surface energy data (from contact angle experiments) and by various capillary flow measurement techniques. Shear flow data have been used to interpret the mechanism of intercalation, following compound preparation using melt-state mixing processes. At relatively low concentrations, the erucamide molecules assist the intercalation process in nanocomposites; however if an excess of AM is apparent within the bulk polymer melt, unusual flow behavior is observed which can be attributed to wall slip. Modified melt elasticity is also obtained with the PPCN's leading to reduced die swell characteristics in extrusion processes. Significant differences in melt flow behavior can therefore be attributed to the presence of AM; a mechanism for co-intercalation has been proposed in terms of hydrogen bonding between the additives and the silicate layers.
Systematic Prioritization of the STARE-HI Reporting Items
Authors: Talmon J. , Ammenwerth E. , Brender J. , Rigby M. , Nykanen P. , de Keizer N. F. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryBackground: We previously devised and published a guideline for reporting health informatics evaluation studies named STARE-HI, which is formally endorsed by IMIA and EFMI.Objective: To develop a prioritization framework of ranked reporting items to assist authors when reporting health informatics evaluation studies in space restricted conference papers and to apply this prioritization framework to measure the quality of recent health informatics conference papers on evaluation studies.Method: We deconstructed the STARE-HI guideline to identify reporting items. We invited a total of 111 authors of health informatics evaluation studies, reviewers and editors of health Informatics conference proceedings to score those reporting items on a scale ranging from “0 – not necessary in a conference paper” through to “10 – essential in a conference paper” by a web-based survey. From the responses we derived a mean priority score. All evaluation papers published in proceedings of MIE2006, Medinfo2007, MIE2008 and AMIA2008 were rated on these items by two reviewers. From these ratings a priority adjusted completeness score was computed for each paper.Results: We identified 104 reporting items from the STARE-HI guideline. The response rate for the survey was 59% (66 out of 111). The most important reporting items (mean score ≥ 9) were “Interpret the data and give an answer to the study question – (in Discussion)”, “Whether it is a laboratory, simulation or field study – (in Methods-study design)” and “Description of the outcome measure/evaluation criteria – (in Methods-study design)”. Per reporting area the statistically more significant important reporting items were distinguished from less important ones. Four reporting items had a mean score ≤ 6. The mean priority adjusted completeness of evaluation papers of recent health informatics conferences was 48% (range 14 –78%).Conclusion: We produced a ranked list of reporting items from STARE-HI according to their prioritized relevance for inclusion in space-limited conference papers. The priority adjusted completeness scores demonstrated room for improvement for the analyzed conference papers. We believe that this prioritization framework is an aid to improving the quality and utility of conference papers on health informatics evaluation studies.
A review of extra-articular prosthetic stabilization of the cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle
Authors: Tonks C. A. , Lewis D. D. , Pozzi A. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryExtra-articular prosthetic stabilization techniques have been used as a method of stabilization of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifle for decades. During extra-articular prosthetic stabilization, the prosthesis is anchored to the femur and tibia, and tensioned in the attempt to resolve femorotibial instability. The position of the anchor points of the prosthesis is crucial for restoring a normal range of joint motion and mitigating alterations in prosthesis tension during motion. Recently developed techniques offer several innovations with potential advantages such as bone-to-bone fixation, prosthetic materials with better mechanical properties, and improved isometry of the anchor points. Whether these innovations provide clinically superior results to the traditional techniques such as lateral circumfabellar-tibial suture techniques has yet to be determined.
Treatment of fractures of the distal radius and ulna in toy breed dogs with circular external skeletal fixation: a retrospective study
Authors: Cappellari F. , Peirone B. , Ferretti A. , Piras L. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryObjective: To evaluate the effectiveness of circular external skeletal fixation (CESF) in treating fractures of the distal radius and ulna in toy breed dogs, and to document the type and frequency of complications associated with this technique.Methods: The medical records of small breed dogs with fractures of the distal radius and ulna admitted to the University of Turin and to the Clinica Ferretti between 2002 and 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. The criteria for inclusion of cases in the study were: body weight of 5 kg or less, transverse or short oblique fracture of the distal third of the radius and ulna, no previous repair attempts, and treatment with CESF as the sole method of fixation.Results: Twenty fractures in 16 dogs satisfied the criteria for inclusion into this study. No signs of infection or failure of fixation were detected in any case. Mean frontal plane alignment was 4.7° ± 2.7° and mean sagittal plane alignment was 12.7° ± 7.2°. Postoperative complications occurred in one patient. All fractures achieved union. Mean time until radiographic evidence of a bridging callus and subsequent implant removal was 71 days (range: 30–120).Conclusions: The results of this study support the use of CESF for treatment of fractures of the distal radius and ulna in toy breed dogs as an alternative to other methods of fracture fixation. However, this technique requires a series of follow-up examinations to evaluate the stability of the apparatus, the soundness of the wires and to determine the appropriate time for implant removal.
Nevirapine versus Atazanavir/Ritonavir, Each Combined with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine, in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-1 Patients: The Arten Trial
Authors:   ARTEN investigators, Soriano Vicente , Arastéh Keikawus , Migrone Horacio , Lutz Thomas , Opravil Milos , Andrade-Villanueva Jaime , Antunes Francisco , Perri Giovanni Di , Podzamczer Daniel , Taylor Steve , Domingo Pere , Gellermann Holger , de Rossi Lothar 
Published: March 2011

Background Selection of first-line antiretroviral therapy requires consideration of efficacy as well as effects on lipids given the increased concern about cardiovascular risk in HIV-1 patients. Methods ARTEN is a randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial that compares nevirapine (NVP) 200 mg twice daily or 400 mg once daily to atazanavir/ritonavir (ATZ/r) 300 mg/100 mg once daily, each combined with fixed-dose tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) 300 mg/ emtricitabine (FTC) 200 mg once daily, in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 patients with CD4+ T-cell counts <400 (men) and <250 cells/mm3 (women). The primary end point was plasma HIV RNA<50 copies/ml at two consecutive visits prior to week 48. Results A total of 569 patients were randomized and treated. Overall, 66.8% of NVP and 65.3% of ATZ/r patients achieved the primary end point (difference 1.9%, 95% CI -5.9–9.8%). Similar rates of serious adverse events were observed (9.6% on NVP versus 8.8% on ATZ/r), although discontinuations due to adverse events were more frequent with NVP than ATZ/r (13.6% versus 3.6%, respectively). None of the 28 patients virologically failing ATZ/r selected resistance mutations, while they were selected in 29/44 patients virologically failing NVP. NVP induced a significantly greater increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and apolipoprotein A1 from baseline than ATZ/r, whereas triglycerides increased significantly more with ATZ/r than NVP. Mean change from baseline in TC:HDL-c ratio was -0.24 for NVP and 0.13 for ATZ/r ( P=0.0001). Conclusions NVP demonstrated at week 48 non-inferior antiviral efficacy compared with ATZ/r when given along with TDF/FTC, despite more drug-related discontinuations with NVP than ATZ/r. NVP was associated with a lower atherogenic lipid profile than ATZ/r although resistance mutations were more frequently selected with NVP than ATZ/r.
L'agressivité motrice en questions au sein du football
Authors: Hebert Thibaut , Dugas Éric 
Published: March 2011

Résumé L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier les connotations associées à l’agressivité motrice en football. À l’aide du questionnement direct (enquête d’opinion et la méthode de la comparaison par paires) et du questionnement indirect (différenciateur sémantique), l’enquête interroge différents groupes de sujets ( n = 250 ) – des enseignants d’éducation physique et sportive (EPS), des footballeurs et des non pratiquants – sur leur perception de l’agressivité dans le football et ce, dans deux institutions distinctes, le club et l’EPS. Les résultats révèlent globalement que l’agressivité n’est pas obligatoirement perçue comme une transgression des règles mais peut faire partie du jeu. Pour autant, les non pratiquants semblent plus réticents à ce type d’agressivité. Par ailleurs, les enseignants d’EPS, assez neutres sur les connotations liées au football, se distinguent significativement des autres sous-populations : ils évoquent les injures envers les arbitres comme acte le plus agressif ; en EPS, ils ne placent pas la victoire comment objectif principal, alors que la logique interne du football est un duel d’équipes pour obtenir le gain du match. Autrement dit, être « agressif » pour gagner. De fait, ces résultats interrogent, notamment, quant à l’approche de ce sport en milieu scolaire.
Cohérence et diversité de la science du sport en Allemagne
Authors: Kurz Dietrich 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Le texte présenté ici a été réalisé lors d’une conférence concernant le trentième anniversaire de la création des sciences du sport en Allemagne. Il discute la question de la cohérence des sciences du sport, ainsi que celle de leur diversité à partir notamment des discours mis en œuvre lors des différents congrès de l’association allemande des sciences du sport. Il montre que si, dès l’origine, un fantasme d’unité anime la science du sport (à l’instar de son nom) la réalité des recherches est tout autre et la diversité est notamment liée à l’utilité sociale et aux formations. Cependant la science du sport semble avoir atteint ses limites en tant que territoire et sa non-définition réelle en tant qu’objet théorique peut lui poser de réels problèmes au moment d’un resserrement des critères universitaires allemands. Un moment fondée sur le rêve d’un « sport meilleur », puis de la fondation d’une formation professionnelle d’enseignant, elle demeure aujourd’hui éclatée en divers objets.
Giant Insulinoma in Uncinate Region Treated by Enucleation
Authors: Matkari SP , Bhingare PD , Jahagirdar DP , Chirmade RA 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT
A 32-year-old male patient, a known case of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with 11 × 9 cm GIANT functioning insulinoma in the uncinate region of pancreas, with no local invasion or metastatic disease, is presented. In view of CML, enucleation of the tumor done. Histopathology was s/o ‘insulinoma of uncertain biological behavior’. Postoperatively, the patient was followed up for one year and found normal.
Severe Hypercalcemia due to Primary Hyperparathyroidism with MEN 2A
Authors: Thompson Geoffrey B , Dy Benzon M , Vazquez Bianca , Tebben Peter J , Kumar Seema 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Severe hypercalcemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is rare in the setting of MEN 2A.

Materials and methods
Two patients with MEN 2A and severe hypercalcemia were identified recently. Their clinical presentation, evaluation, surgical management and outcomes are reviewed.

Results
Two patients with MEN 2A were identified with severe hypercalcemia secondary to a parathyroid adenoma. Calcium levels were elevated to 12.7 mg/dL and 15.1 mg/dL, respectively (normal range = 8.9-10.1 mg/dL). In each case, a single parathyroid adenoma was identified and surgically excised with normalization of parathyroid and calcium levels postoperatively. Clinical manifestations at the time of diagnosis included constipation, polyuria, hypercalciuria, and decreased bone mineral density.

Conclusion
Severe elevation of serum calcium is a rare presentation of PHPT in MEN2A. The differential diagnosis should include parathyroid adenoma, hyperplasia and parathyroid carcinoma. Early surgical management is essential in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism with severe hypercalcemia to prevent further complications.
Pheochromocytoma is an Eventful Tumor: A Case Description
Authors: PRK Bhargav , V Amar 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT
Pheochromocytoma is a tumor arising from adrenal medulla in > 90% of cases. It is a great mimic, featuring in differential diagnosis of disorders of multiple organ systems. Here we present a prototypical case of right adrenal pheochromocytoma, highlighting this unique feature of the tumor. It presented with repeated hypertensive crises with predominant involvement of one major organ system in each episode. All of them were reversible with timely intervention and successful removal of the tumor, highlighting the functional basis rather than organic pathology.
Thyroid Hemiagenesis and Papillary Carcinoma: A Rare Association
Authors: P Tammaro , M Nunziante , M Del Prete , L Asciore , F Nappi , Lupoli Ge , Gi Lupoli , A Porcelli , Marzano LA 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT
Hemiagenesis is the least frequent thyroid congenital anomaly. We report the case of a primary hypothyroidism due to thyroid hemiagenesis in a patient for whom, later on, a papillary carcinoma of the contralateral lobe was diagnosed. A child with known left lobe thyroid agenesis was found to have a 12 mm nodule in the right thyroid lobe during routine follow-up. Needle biopsy demonstrated the nodule to represent a papillary thyroid cancer and total thyroidectomy and lymphadenectomy of the central compartment was undertaken. Such event represents an extremely rare occurrence since there are only five other reports in literature that deal with a papillary carcinoma in a patient with thyroid hemiagenesis.
Transient Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome caused by Traumatic Incomplete Posterior Vitreous Detachment
Authors: Lorusso Massimo , Ferrari Luisa Micelli , Leozappa Marco , Modoni Andrea P. , Ferrari Tommaso Micelli 
Published: March 2011

Purpose To report transient vitreomacular traction (VMT) syndrome following acute blunt trauma associated with incomplete posterior vitreous detachment. Methods The authors present the analysis of 2 eyes of consecutive patients with acute VMT following mild blunt trauma. Both patients reported a sudden decrease in visual acuity and metamorphopsia. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images showed typical VMT syndrome. Results The development of complete posterior vitreous detachment demonstrated by OCT, after 15 and 30 days, respectively, was associated with complete resolution of symptoms and complete recovery of foveal architecture. Conclusions The authors report spontaneous resolution of VMT associated with blunt trauma. As spontaneous resolution may occur in some eyes with VMT following traumatic acute incomplete vitreous detachment, a period of observation may be considered prior to vitrectomy. Spectral domain OCT is a useful tool in following the evolution of these patients.