bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Bleeding and In-Hospital Mortality in Black and White Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Receiving Reperfusion
Authors: Mehta Rajendra H. , Parsons Lori , Rao Sunil V. , Peterson Eric D. 
Published: March 2012

Background—
Prior studies have suggested that blacks with acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction have increased bleeding risks with fibrinolysis relative to whites, yet these data were quite limited. Additionally, it is unknown whether there are racial differences in bleeding risks among patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results—
We evaluated data on blacks and whites with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction treated with either fibrinolysis or primary percutaneous coronary intervention from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI)-4 and 5 participating centers between July 2000 and December 2006. We compared differences between the 2 groups in rates of in-hospital major bleeding and mortality, adjusted with logistic regression analyses. In fibrinolytic-treated patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, the bleeding rates were higher among blacks (n=2283) than whites (n=42 243; 10.9% versus 10.3%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.43). Similarly, in patients receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention, the bleeding rates were higher in blacks (n=2826) than in whites (n=46 332; 10.3% versus 7.8%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.56). Bleeding was associated with higher risk of death in both ethnic groups. However, there was no overall racial difference in in-hospital mortality among those with bleeding or without bleeding treated with either fibrinolysis or primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Conclusions—
Blacks with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction treated with either fibrinolysis or primary percutaneous coronary intervention had a higher risk of bleeding events than their white counterparts. Bleeding was associated with a similar increased risk of death in both ethnic groups treated by either reperfusion strategy.
Les Aśvin Dans Les Énumérations Divines Du Neuvième Mandala De La Rgvedasamhitā
Authors: Pirart É.  
Published: March 2012

AbstractAlthough they are soma-drinkers like Indra or Vāyu, the Aśvins, in the ninth mandala of the Rgvedasamhitā do not appear more than four times, probably because their cult has lost importance. Nevertheless, the few stanzas mentioning them among other vedic deities in order to compose a minimal pantheon do not contain very interesting data except the fact that those twins seem to be somehow more closely associated with the ambiguous Vāyu. Having analysed the stanzas, I propose some new solutions to the grammatical and semantical problems they present (9.7.7 rána, dhármabhih;9.7.8 vidānah;9.8.1 abhí priyám;9.81.4 suyámā;9.88.3 istáyāmā, viśvávārah)
Jens Braarvig (ed.), Buddhist Manuscripts, Volume I by Mark Allon, Jens Braarvig, Torkel Brekke, Paul Harrison, Jens-Uwe Hartmann, Seishi Karashima, Kazunobu Matsuda, Richard Salomon, Lore Sander, Nicholas Sims-Williams, Klaus Wille
Authors: Boucher  
Published: March 2012

AbstractNo Abstract
Yama und Yami (V X 10)
Authors: Schneider Ulrich 
Published: March 2012

AbstractZu den leider nicht wenigen Texten des V, deren Interpretation noch nicht als gelungen bezeichnet werden kann, gehört auch der Dialog zwischen Yama und Yamī (X 10). Zwar ist es klar, dass es sich bei den Sprechern um ein Zwillings-Geschwisterpaar handelt und dass die Schwester ihren Bruder mit immer neuen Argumenten, aber ohne jeden Erfolg zum Inzest überreden will, doch warum sie das tut und warum der Bruder sich so hartnäckig weigert, ja, was man überhaupt mit dem Savāda bezweckte, bleibt weitgehend dunkel.
The assimilation of Dravidian loans to Konkani phonological and morphological patterns
Authors: Miranda Rocky V. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAfter briefly reviewing the status of Konkani in the Dravidian area, and the extent of Dravidian influence on this Indo-Aryan language, the assimilation of Dravidian loan words to Konkani phonological and morphological patterns is examined in detail. In the process of accommodation, Dravidian loanwords have undergone various phonological modifications (such as syncope, apocope, vowel rounding, vowel raising, vowel lowering, palatalization, depalatalization, gemination, and degemination). They have undergone also various morphological modifications in order to adjust to a considerably different system of morphological classes and inflectional patterns. Finally, certain sociolinguistic factors are pointed out which might have enabled Konkani phonological and morphological patterns to withstand the pressures of the massive influx of Dravidian loans.
Notes on the Ahraurā version of Aśoka's first minor rock edict
Authors: Norman K. R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractI therefore conclude that the sentence amaca budhasa salīle ālohe at the end of the Ahraurā version of Aśoka's MRE I arises from the misreading by the scribe83 of a carelessly written exemplar,84 and from his subsequent conjecture of words to make sense of the apparent nonsense which he had received. Although this may perhaps seem unlikely to some readers, the examples of miswritten akaras and the attempts of scribes to make sense of them which I have discussed elsewhere85 make it quite clear that may suggestion is well within the range of possibility.
Sur le terme yóga, le verbe yuj- et quelques-uns de leurs dérivés dans les hymnes védiques
Authors: Oguibenine Boris 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe term yóga must have designed an essential part of the sacrificial cult as known in the Rgveda: the putting in motion (“Intätigkeitsetzen”, following Geldner), the launching of a specific activity with the ultimate goal to yoke, to join together or to pair the objects and the entities which match or can match each other or which can be viewed as comparable and even identical according to Vedic archaic speculative thought. Vedic sacrifice is in fact a powerful explicatory device, a set of gestures and of designs condensing a speculative experience. The verb yuj- and its derivates translate thus one of the central themes of the Vedic religion where the poet officiating in the sacrifice has to proclaim the connections and the identifications between the phenomena to be correlated (“yoked, harnessed”). The hippological vocabulary in the Rgveda as applied to the representation of the speculative practice is less an accidental metaphor than a true and meaningful translation of one of the basic principles this practice.
Nala et Damayantī, héros épiques
Authors: Biardeau M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWhen regarded separately, the story of Nala and Damayantī does not amount to much more than a tale. Therefore it has been inserted in book III of the Mahābhārata as a “sub-story”, according to the usual practice of the Epic. The aim of this article is to show that this insertion is not without importance for an understanding of the story itself. The Epic provides a context for it and thereby helps in distinguishing the levels of significance which would otherwise pass unnoticed. Reciprocally, the ‘sub-story’ brings to the Epic an outlook which is in part new and more profound by taking up the Epic plot in its own way and at its proper level. In this way, the role of the Avatāra in the Nalopākhyāna is taken up by the wife of the exiled king. This leads one to ask oneself about the link connecting the Avatāra Ka and the princess Kā Draupadī, wife of the five Pāava king, in the Epic ideology.At the background of all of this, there are an active concept of the entire Epic, and also the aspects of the method which results from this.
Worum handelt es sich beim Soma?
Authors: Stuhrmann Rainer 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe present article was given as a lecture at the XXII. Deutscher Orientalistentag in Tübingen (March, 1983) and deals with the problem of Soma. G. Wasson proposed a hallicunogenic mushroom, viz. the fly-agaric. It is shown that the severe criticism he met with on behalf of Indo-Iranian philology is justified in so far as it is impossible to classify Soma botanically, whereas it went too far in excluding the mushroom absolutly. Actually the solution cannot be found in the physical descriptions of the plant, but in the hitherto neglected type of the intoxication it produces. In this regard the information of the Vedic poets can be relied on. They furnish evidence of the alcaloidic nature of the active substance of Soma, because it produces especially optical and accustical delusions with changes in the dimensions of the objects perceived. This can be shown by a careful examination of many stanzas. These effects are the clue to most of the ‘mysterious’ Soma poems.
Zum Gebrauch der samāsopamā bei aśvaghosa
Authors: Bock-Raming Andreas 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe use of the samāsopamā in the S. and the B. shows some striking peculiarities: In a large number of occurrences they are connected with the śabdālamkāras anuprāsa and lātānuprāsa. Furthermore, they are often found in close vicinity to each other or occur together with the similes yathā and iva which leads to a certain cumulative effect. Although in many instances the use of the s. in both kāvyas can be described as rather conventional and stereotyped, there are some striking differences between the S. and the Sanskrit text of the B. In the latter kāvya the number of s. of each category is twice or even thrice as large as in the respective categories in the S. Moreover, it can be shown that in the B. Aśvaghosa strives to make use of more ornate and elaborate forms of samāsopamā. Examples are a ślesa-upamā in B. 5,37a, and two compounds in B. 5,26b and d which are at the same time yathāsamkhyas.
Twentieth Annual Roland H. Bainton Presidential Lecture: Intertextual Play: Erasmus' Use of Adages in the Colloquies
Authors: Wesseling Ari 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA copious use of ancient adages is a prominent feature of the Praise of Folly. Focusing on the Colloquies, this essay discusses passages where a source or subtext has previously not been recognized. In the Ciceronianus, his plea for eclectic imitation, Erasmus declares that the basic principle of art is concealing the technique. This rule is taken as a point of departure for analyzing the ways in which he handles adages. Rather than concealing a borrowing, Erasmus adapts it, using paraphrase, parody, inversion of the sense, and by combining it with other materials. Angelo Poliziano's writing was an important model for him.
Indigenous Education and Human Rights
Authors: Schimmel Noam 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe right to an education that is consonant with and draws upon the culture and language of indigenous peoples is a human right which is too often overlooked by governments when they develop and implement programmes whose purported goals are to improve the social, economic and political status of these peoples. Educational programmes for indigenous peoples must fully respect and integrate human rights protections, particularly rights to cultural continuity and integrity. Racist attitudes dominate many government development programmes aimed at indigenous peoples. Educational programmes for indigenous peoples are often designed to forcibly assimilate them and destroy the uniqueness of their language, values, culture and relationship with their native lands. Until indigenous peoples are empowered to develop educational programmes for their own communities that reflect and promote their values and culture, their human rights are likely to remain threatened by governments that use education as a political mechanism for coercing indigenous peoples to adapt to a majority culture that does not recognize their rights, and that seeks to destroy their ability to sustain and pass on to future generations their language and culture.
Toward a Geographic Biography: Mi la ras pa in the Tibetan Landscape
Authors: Quintman Andrew 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFew Tibetan figures have left an impression on the Himalayan landscape, both literary and geographic, as indelibly as Mi la ras pa (ca. 1028–1111), whose career as meditator and poet was punctuated by travel across the borderlands of southern Tibet. This essay will begin to address the defining role of place in Tibetan biographical literature by examining the intersections of text and terrain in the recording of an individual's life. In particular, this study examines sites of transformation in Mi la ras pa's biographical narratives, arguing for what might be called a geographic biography by examining the dialogical relationship between a life story recorded on paper and a life imprinted on the ground. It first considers the broad paradigms for landscaping the environment witnessed in Tibetan literature. It then examines ways in which the yogin's early biographical tradition treated the category of sacred place, creating increasingly detailed maps of the yogin's life, and how those maps were understood and reinterpreted. The paper concludes by addressing two specific modes of transformation in the life story — contested place and re-imagined place — exploring new geographies of consecration, dominion, and praxis.
Ruth Benedict's Legacy of Shame: Orientalism and Occidentalism in the Study of Japan
Authors: Lie John 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRuth F. Benedict's The Chrysanthemum and the Sword (1946) remains perhaps the most influential English-language book on contemporary Japanese society and culture. The Chrysanthemum and the Sword has generated a large critical literature and has sold over 1.4 million copies in Japan. It would not be an exaggeration to state that Benedict's book framed both American and Japanese - and, by extension, global - perceptions of Japan since the end of World War II. In this paper, I explore why her work found such resonance among the Japanese themselves to the extent that The Chrysanthemum and the Sword became something of an ur-text of the post-World War II Japanese discourse on the Japanese and on Japanese culture (Nihonjinron or Nihonbunkaron).
Of Marriage, Money and Men: Bidayuh Working Mothers and their Households in Kuching
Authors:   Hew Cheng Sim
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper is based on a larger ethnographic study of Bidayuh women who are a group of minority indigenous women in the Malaysian state of Sarawak. The paper discusses women's entry into paid work and life-course squeezes. As the women earned a mere 39 per cent of their husbands' monthly wages even though they had the same years of schooling if not more than their husbands, the women's views on work and marriage are examined. The paper also explores the feminist question as to whether women's employment increases their personal autonomy and independence.
‘To’ or ‘Against’?:The Interpretation of in 2 Chr 28:20
Authors: Hom Mary Katherine Y. H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe preposition , which contributes to the interpretation of 2 Chr 28:20 as a whole, should be understood as ‘against’, not ‘to’. Relatedly, is best translated in v. 20 with a sense of hostility.
Elijah and the ‘Voice’ at Horeb (1 Kings 19): Narrative Sequence in the Masoretic Text and Josephus
Authors: Rogland Max 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This study examines the peculiar narrative sequence in the Masoretic Text of 1 Kgs 19.11-13, in which Elijah appears to delay obeying the “still small voice”. It examines Josephus’ version of the account, which presents a different narrative sequence, arguing that it represents a reading of the Hebrew text that is grammatically and exegetically superior to the common interpretation.
BEHAVIOUR AND MORPHOLOGY OF PAGURID HERMIT CRABS (DECAPODA, ANOMURA) THAT LIVE IN TUSK SHELLS (MOLLUSCA, SCAPHOPODA)
Authors: Ando Takamichi , Imafuku Michio 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBehaviour and morphology of the hermit crab, Pagurus imafukui, which occupies tusk shells in nature, were investigated. A positive correlation was found between the shield length of the crab and the width of the tusk shell. The uropods were nearly symmetrical, with an average asymmetry index of 0.04, such in contrast with a value of 0.28 for Pagurus filholi, that naturally occupies dextral shells. P. imafukui showed a weak preference for tusk shells over dextral shells. The crabs walked in a parallel pattern, while they adopted a cross pattern when forced to enter dextral shells or were in a shell-less condition. On the contrary, P. filholi individuals walked in a cross pattern when in a tusk shell as well as in a dextral shell. Behaviours of shell entering, copulation, and zoeal release as seen in P. imafukui, are similar to the conditions observed in other species. Nearly symmetrical uropods, preference for non-spiral shells, and the walking style comprising a parallel pattern, are thought to be specific to this hermit crab that lives in non-spiral dwellings. Verhalten und Morphologie des Einsiedlerkrebses Pagurus imafukui McLaughlin & Konishi, 1994 der Scaphopoden-Schalen bewohnt, wurden untersucht. Es wurde eine positive Korrelation zwischen Carapaxlange des Krebses und Breite der Scaphopoden-Schale gefunden. Die Uropoden sind fast symmetrisch. Der Medianwert des Asymmetrie-Indexes betragt 0,04 in deutlichem Gegensatz zu dem von 0,28 bei Pagurus filholi De Man, 1887, der rechtsgewundene Schalen bewohnt. P. imafukui zeigte eine schwache Bevorzugung von Scaphopoden-Schalen im Vergleich mit rechtsgewundenen Schalen. Die Gangart der Einsiedler ist parallel, aber uber Kreuz in schalenlosem Zustand oder in rechtsgewundener Schale. Von P. filholi wird sowohl in Scaphopoden-Schalen als auch in rechtsgewundenen Schalen nur letztere Gangart benutzt. Das Verhalten bei der Inbesitznahme der Schale, bei der Begattung und dem Entlassen der Zoeen gleicht dem bei anderen Arten. Fast symmetrische Uropoden, Bevorzugung ungewundener Schalen und die parallele Gangart werden als Besonderheiten dieser Einsiedler-Art betrachtet, die ungewundene Gehause bewohnt.
Professionalism as Symbolic Capital: Materials for a Bourdieusian Theory of Professionalism
Authors: Noordegraaf Mirko , Schinkel Willem 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPierre Bourdieu has given a brief but fierce critique of the concept of “profession” that calls for a more reflexive analysis of the professions and in fact suggests not using the concept at all. In this contribution, we explicate the gist of that critique and argue it is possible to analyze it in a Bourdieusian fashion. We regard professionalism as a form of symbolic capital, the substance of which is constantly at stake in power-driven contexts, both internally and externally. Professional fields are embedded in objective relations with other fields in what Bourdieu describes as a general field of power. Within each professional field, the legitimate substance of what it means to act in a “professional way” is constantly at stake. In turn, across various professional fields, within what Bourdieu describes as a larger field of power, the very idea or “formal content” of “professionalism” is subject to struggle and (re)negotiation. This power-centered view emphasizes professionalism is a scarce symbolic resource, an object of a process of consecration and a source of legitimate forms of acting and interpreting. It thereby de-essentializes talk of professions and professionalization.
Lapis Lazuli From the East: a Stamp Seal in the British Museum
Authors: Collon Dominique 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe article deals with the interpretation of two images on the lapis lazuli stamp seal from the Western Asiatic Department of Antiquities in the British Museum. The author compares the images with scenes on Shahdad "standard", on bifacial disc from eastern Iran and on fragments of steatite vases from Louvre and the British Museum, and comes to the conclusion that the figure with a sidelock is a male personage, the other one is a female. Links with the art of south-eastern Iran put the stamp seal in the context of the Trans-Elamite culture, about 2550-2250 B.C.
Les Sceaux De L'Oxus: Diversité De Formes Et Variabilité De Fonctions
Authors: Francfort Henri-Paul 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGlyptics of the civilazition of the Oxus was an obvious anomaly because all macrotypes of seals characteristics (square, round, cylinder, compartmented) of the cultures of the Indus, the Arabic Gulf, Mesopotamia and Turkmenistan coexisted there. The author supposes that the Oxus seals were symbolic marks of status of an individual (together with luxurious metal axes), but not real administrative attributes. The diversity of forms of the Oxus seals was the result of the polyethnic character of the population which created civilization of the Oxus rather than the consequence of the cultural influence of its neighbours. According to the author, amazing scenes of tauromachy and some other motifs of the Oxus seals do not presuppose migration of ethnic groups from the Aegean and Syro-Hittite West. It is the result of exception from the vast corpus of artistic imagery of the epoch by the Oxus dwellers for the illustration of their native myths. The creators of the Oxus civilization usually added some local traits to the things they had adopted from their neighbours.
Civil Autonomy and Military Power in Early Modern Ireland
Authors: Siochrú Micheál Ó 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe transformation of Irish towns in the early modern period (from bastions of English loyalism, to centers of Catholic resistance, to stridently Protestant colonial outposts) has received relatively little attention from historians. Instead, scholars have focused on the major land transfers of the seventeenth century, but the change in urban settlement patterns proved even more dramatic and was closely related to the positioning of civic communities in relation to the military struggles of the 1640s and 1650s. The central argument is that the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland marked a crucial and irrevocable transformation in both the possibilities of civic militarism and the nature of urban society and politics more generally. It demonstrates that during the 1640s, the citizens of Ireland’s major provincial cities participated in the troubles through strategic neutralism and the retention (or careful negotiation) of military force, acting with the fortunes of the citizenry in mind. This approach continued a tradition of relative civic autonomy, which was probably more embedded and accentuated in Ireland than either Scotland or England.
Targum Onkelos in Rashi’s Exegetical Consciousness
Authors: Viezel Eran 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The widespread argument that Rashi sometimes criticized the way in which Targum Onkelos translated the Hebrew verses is fundamentally wrong. Rather, Rashi was aware that Targum Onkelos did not always translate literally. Rashi saw a connection between the character of the Targum and its origin and addressees. This article compares the place of Targum Onkelos in Rashi’s exegesis with that of other sources he used and examines specific items from his commentary to the Bible and the Talmud. It shows that the place of Targum Onkelos in Rashi’s exegetical consciousness influenced other commentators in the medieval period.