bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional modelling of forging processes by the finite element flow formulation
Authors: Alves M L , Rodrigues J M C , Martins P A F 
Published: April 2011

This paper draws from the fundamentals of the finite element flow formulation to obtain aspects of computer implementation and modelling of industrial forging processes. Emphasis is given to a wide range of theoretical and numerical subjects such as selection of elements, solution procedures, contact algorithms, elastic analysis of tooling and interaction between two- and three-dimensional finite element models. New algorithms are proposed for the elastic analysis of tooling and for transferring history-dependent scalar and tensorial quantities from axisymmetric into full three-dimensional mesh system. The overall presentation is illustrated with the numerical modelling of two cold forging operations. Theoretical predictions obtained from the closed-die forging of a spider part (with predominantly complex three-dimensional material flow) are validated against experimental measurements obtained from laboratory-controlled manufacturing conditions. Assessment is provided in terms of material flow, geometrical profile, effective strain distribution and forging load. The latter is employed for illustrating the proposed methodology for performing the elastic analysis of tooling. The usefulness and efficiency of the algorithm for combining two- and three-dimensional finite element models is demonstrated by the numerical modelling of a typical multistage forging sequence utilized in the production of a Phillips-head screw.
Using domain machines to support manufacturing software system implementation
Authors: Edwards J , Coutts I 
Published: April 2011

Manufacturing enterprises are underpinned by complex software systems. Although built to improve efficency, they can become the single most inflexible part of an enterprise. This paper describes an approach to manufacturing software system creation which is designed to simplify system build and subsequent modification. It is based on the notion that raising the level of the computing infrastructure can remove the need to transform clear design abstractions into programming language constructs which prove difficult to maintain. The paper proposes a general framework for domain machines followed by details of the technologies used to populate the framework to create a manufacturing domain machine that supports component action, interaction and behaviour. Both Prolog and Predicate Action Petri Nets are used within the implementation, combined with general purpose programming technologies.
Potential of inertial instabilities for fuel film separation in port fuel injection engine conditions
Authors: Maroteaux F , Llory D , le Coz J-F , Habchi C 
Published: April 2011

In port fuel injection engines, the liquid fuel film accumulated in the vicinity of intake valves is torn away and goes into the cylinder during the intake phase. In order to predict the fuel mixture preparation inside the cylinder, a model for the fuel film separation near the sharp edges of the intake valves has been developed. A separation criterion is set up using an analogy with Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities driven by the inertial forces of the film. The critical value for the separation criterion is adjusted using experimental data obtained in a two-dimensional wind tunnel fitted with different steps shaped as the valve seat and reproducing the main characteristics of the intake of a spark ignition engine. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed using the KMB code, a modified version of KIVA-2 already including a film model and a stochastic Lagrangian description of the spray. Computation for the intake stroke on a four-cylinder 1.9 litre port fuel injection engine confirms that the fuel droplets are not completely vaporized at the end of the intake stroke.
The effect of heterogeneity on HIV prevention trials
Authors: Auvert Bertran , Sitta Rémi , Zarca Kevin , Mahiane Séverin Guy , Pretorius Carel , Lissouba Pascale 
Published: April 2011

Background Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the prevention of HIV heterosexual acquisition are usually conducted among adult African populations with high heterogeneity in individual risk of infection. Purpose The objectives were to (a) review how this heterogeneity has been considered when designing and interpreting such RCTs, (b) evaluate its effect on the findings and the statistical power of these trials, and (c) assess the potential advantages of using the crossover design with single failure-time endpoint. Methods Individual-level HIV prevention RCTs conducted in Africa and published in the period 1998–2008 were reviewed. Using Monte Carlo simulations and statistical calculations, we assessed the effect of heterogeneity on the findings and the statistical power of HIV prevention RCTs. Results All reviewed RCTs used the parallel design. The heterogeneity in individual risk of infection within study sites was not used for stratification nor generally considered in the design and interpretation of RCTs. Simulations showed that in the context of high HIV incidence, high heterogeneity can lead to a substantial underestimation of the impact of an intervention and reduced statistical power. Calculations demonstrated that the crossover design allowed for similar or better estimation and statistical power. The crossover design has the ethical advantage of sharing the potential benefits and risks of the intervention between participants. Limitations Only trials with two treatment arms and two follow-up periods were modeled. The baseline risk of infection of each participant was assumed to be constant over time and HIV status was assessed at the end of each follow-up period. Conclusions The heterogeneity in individual risk of HIV infection is an underestimated problem which should be taken into account when designing and interpreting RCTs that test prevention methods of HIV heterosexual acquisition in adult African populations with high HIV incidence. When the effects of tested interventions are rapidly reversible, the use of the crossover design should be considered.
Exercise-, nature- and socially interactive-based initiatives improve mood and self-esteem in the clinical population
Authors: Barton Jo , Griffin Murray , Pretty Jules 
Published: April 2011

Aims: This study evaluated two existing group-based health promotion initiatives (a social club and a swimming group) and compared these to a new green exercise programme (weekly countryside and urban park walks). Methods: Participants represented a clinical population ( N = 53) and were all experiencing a range of mental health problems. They only attended one of the three programmes and sessions were held once a week for six weeks in all initiatives. Composite questionnaires incorporating two standardized measures to analyse changes in self-esteem and mood were completed before and after all sessions. Results: A significant main effect for self-esteem and mood pre and post activity ( p < 0.001) was reported after participating in a single session. The change in self-esteem was significantly greater in the green exercise group compared with the social activities club ( p < 0.001). Dose responses showed that both self-esteem and mood levels improved over the six-week period and improvements were related to attendance in the green exercise group. Conclusions: Green exercise as a health-promoting initiative for people experiencing mental ill health is equally as effective as existing programmes. Combining exercise, nature and social components in future initiatives may play a key role in managing and supporting recovery from mental ill health, suggesting a potential ‘green’ approach to mental healthcare and promotion.
Engaging with marginalized communities: the experiences of London health trainers
Authors: Cook Tina , Wills Jane 
Published: April 2011

Aims: Health trainers represent a new occupational role within the NHS which has been developing since 2006, when the first ‘early adopter’ sites were funded by the Department of Health. Health trainers are ‘lay’ people recruited to engage ‘harder-to-reach’ people from their communities, offering one-to-one support to enable them to make the healthy lifestyle changes of their choice. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and approaches adopted by health trainers in engaging with marginalized communities. Methods: This paper describes an exploratory study using in-depth semi-structured interviews with 10 currently employed health trainers with diverse backgrounds, forms of employment and interpretation of role, drawn from seven London primary care trusts (PCTs) or boroughs. Results: The study found tensions between the lay identity of health trainers and their adoption of a formalized role. Health trainers emphasized their similarities but underestimated their often significant differences to their communities. Health trainers based in community or voluntary groups found engagement easier than those based in PCTs, and saw engagement as an end in itself, through its creation of opportunities for health. Conclusions: There remains a lack of clarity about the role of the health trainer. Lay workers are not necessarily part of the marginalized communities they are expected to engage, while their ability to do so is compromised by the professional culture of the NHS and its approach to community engagement. Health trainers based in the community or voluntary sector appear to offer greater potential for engaging communities and providing those communities with practical opportunities for health gain.
Effectiveness of high-dose methotrexate in T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia and advanced-stage lymphoblastic lymphoma: a randomized study by the Children's Oncology Group (POG 9404)
Authors: Asselin Barbara L. , Devidas Meenakshi , Wang Chenguang , Pullen Jeanette , Borowitz Michael J. , Hutchison Robert , Lipshultz Steven E. , Camitta Bruce M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) phase 3 trial 9404 was designed to determine the effectiveness of high-dose methotrexate (HDM) when added to multi-agent chemotherapy based on the Dana-Farber backbone. Children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) or advanced lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-NHL) were randomized at diagnosis to receive/not receive HDM (5 g/m2 as a 24-hour infusion) at weeks 4, 7, 10, and 13. Between 1996 and 2000, 436 patients were enrolled in the methotrexate randomization. Five-year and 10-year event-free survival (EFS) was 80.2% ± 2.8% and 78.1% ± 4.3% for HDM (n = 219) versus 73.6% ± 3.1% and 72.6% ± 5.0% for no HDM (n = 217; P = .17). For T-ALL, 5-year and 10-year EFS was significantly better with HDM (n = 148, 5 years: 79.5% ± 3.4%, 10 years: 77.3% ± 5.3%) versus no HDM (n = 151, 5 years: 67.5% ± 3.9%, 10 years: 66.0% ± 6.6%; P = .047). The difference in EFS between HDM and no HDM was not significant for T-NHL patients (n = 71, 5 years: 81.7% ± 4.9%, 10 years: 79.9% ± 7.5% vs n = 66, 5 years: 87.8% ± 4.2%, 10 years: 87.8% ± 6.4%; P = .38). The frequency of mucositis was significantly higher in patients treated with HDM (P = .003). The results support adding HDM to the treatment of children with T-ALL, but not with NHL, despite the increased risk of mucositis.
Activated protein C up-regulates procoagulant tissue factor activity on endothelial cells by shedding the TFPI Kunitz 1 domain
Authors: Schuepbach Reto A. , Velez Kara , Riewald Matthias 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThrombin and activated protein C (APC) signaling can mediate opposite biologic responses in endothelial cells. Given that thrombin induces procoagulant tissue factor (TF), we examined how TF activity is affected by APC. Exogenous or endogenously generated APC led to increased TF-dependent factor Xa activity. Induction required APC's proteolytic activity and binding to endothelial cell protein C receptor but not protease activated receptors. APC did not affect total TF antigen expression or the availability of anionic phospholipids on the apical cell membrane. Western blotting and cell surface immunoassays demonstrated that APC sheds the Kunitz 1 domain from tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). A TFPI Lys86Ala mutation between the Kunitz 1 and 2 domains eliminated both cleavage and the enhanced TF activity in response to APC in overexpression studies, indicating that APC up-regulates TF activity by endothelial cell protein C receptor-dependent shedding of the Kunitz 1 domain from membrane-associated TFPI. Our results demonstrate an unexpected procoagulant role of the protein C pathway that may have important implications for the regulation of TF- and TFPI-dependent biologic responses and for fine tuning of the hemostatic balance in the vascular system.
Identification of a transforming MYB-GATA1 fusion gene in acute basophilic leukemia: a new entity in male infants
Authors: Quelen Cathy , Lippert Eric , Struski Stephanie , Demur Cécile , Soler Gwendoline , Prade Nais , Delabesse Eric , Broccardo Cyril , Dastugue Nicole , Mahon François-Xavier , Brousset Pierre 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Acute basophilic leukemia (ABL) is a rare subtype of acute leukemia with clinical features and symptoms related to hyperhistaminemia because of excessive growth of basophils. No known recurrent cytogenetic abnormality is associated with this leukemia. Rare cases of t(X;6)(p11;q23) translocation have been described but these were sporadic. We report here 4 cases of ABL with a t(X;6)(p11;q23) translocation occurring in male infants. Because of its location on chromosome 6q23, MYB was a good candidate gene. Our molecular investigations, based on fluorescence in situ hybridization and rapid amplification of cDNA ends, revealed that the translocation generated a MYB-GATA1 fusion gene. Expression of MYB-GATA1 in mouse lineage-negative cells committed them to the granulocyte lineage and blocked at an early stage of differentiation. Taken together, these results establish, for the first time, a link between a recurrent chromosomal translocation and the development of this particular subtype of infant leukemia.
Design and characterization of genetically engineered zebrafish aquaporin-3 mutants highly permeable to the cryoprotectant ethylene glycol
Authors: Chauvigné François , Lubzens Esther , Cerdà Joan 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Increasing cell membrane permeability to water and cryoprotectants is critical for the successful cryopreservation of cells with large volumes. Artificial expression of water-selective aquaporins or aquaglyceroporins (GLPs), such as mammalian aquaporin-3 (AQP3), enhances cell permeability to water and cryoprotectants, but it is known that AQP3-mediated water and solute permeation is limited and pH dependent. To exploit further the possibilities of using aquaporins in cryobiology, we investigated the functional properties of zebrafish (Danio rerio) GLPs.

Results
Water, glycerol, propylene glycol and ethylene glycol permeability of zebrafish Aqp3a, -3b, -7, -9a, -9b, -10a and -10b, and human AQP3, was examined. Expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that the permeability of DrAqp3a and -3b to ethylene glycol was higher than for glycerol or propylene glycol under isotonic conditions, unlike other zebrafish GLPs and human AQP3, which were more permeable to glycerol. In addition, dose-response experiments and radiolabeled ethylene glycol uptake assays suggested that oocytes expressing DrAqp3b were permeated by this cryoprotectant more efficiently than those expressing AQP3. Water and ethylene glycol transport through DrAqp3a and -3b were, however, highest at pH 8.5 and completely abolished at pH 6.0. Point mutations in the DrAqp3b amino acid sequence rendered two constructs, DrAqp3b-T85A showing higher water and ethylene glycol permeability at neutral and alkaline pH, and DrAqp3b-H53A/G54H/T85A, no longer inhibited at acidic pH but less permeable than the wild type. Finally, calculation of permeability coefficients for ethylene glycol under concentration gradients confirmed that the two DrAqp3b mutants were more permeable than wild-type DrAqp3b and/or AQP3 at neutral pH, resulting in a 2.6- to 4-fold increase in the oocyte intracellular concentration of ethylene glycol.

Conclusion
By single or triple point mutations in the DrAqp3b amino acid sequence, we constructed one mutant with enhanced ethylene glycol permeability and another with reduced pH sensitivity. The DrAqp3b and the two mutant constructs may be useful for application in cryobiology.
Kyphectomy for severe kyphosis with pyogenic spondylitis associated with myelomeningocele: a case report
Authors: Yoshioka Kenji , Watanabe Kota , Toyama Yoshiaki , Chiba Kazuhiro , Matsumoto Morio 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A 32-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for a refractory ulcer on her back. She had a history of myelomeningocele with spina bifida that was treated surgically at birth. The ulcer was located at the apex of the kyphosis. An X-ray film revealed a kyphosis of 154° between L1 and 3 and a scoliosis of 60° between T11 and L5. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory data indicated the presence of a pyogenic spondylitis at L2/3. To correct the kyphosis and remove the infected vertebrae together with the skin ulcer, kyphectomy was performed. Pedicle screws were inserted from T8 to T12 and from L4 to S1. The dural sac was transected and ligated at L2, followed by total kyphectomy of the L1-L3 vertebrae. The spinal column was reconstructed by approximating the ventral wall of the T12 vertebral body and the cranial endplate of the L4 vertebra. Postoperatively, the kyphosis was corrected to 61° and the scoliosis was corrected to 22°. In the present case, we treated the skin ulcer and pyogenic spondylitis successfully by kyphectomy, thereby, preventing recurrence of the ulcer and infection, and simultaneously obtaining sufficient correction of the spinal deformity.
Differential Recruitment of Nuclear Coregulators Directs the Isoform-Dependent Action of Mutant Thyroid Hormone Receptors
Authors: Fozzatti Laura , Lu Changxue , Kim Dong-Wook , Cheng Sheue-yann 
Published: April 2011

AbstractStudies using mice deficient in thyroid hormone receptors (TR) indicate that the two TR isoforms, TRα1 and TRβ1, in addition to mediating overlapping biological activities of the thyroid hormone, T3, also mediate distinct functions. Mice harboring an identical dominant negative mutation (denoted PV) at the C terminus of TRα1 (Thra1PV mice) or β1 (ThrbPV mice) also exhibit distinct phenotypes. These knockin mutant mice provide an opportunity to understand the molecular basis of isoform-dependent functions in vivo. Here we tested the hypothesis that the distinct functions of TR mutant isoforms are directed by a subset of nuclear regulatory proteins. Tandem-affinity chromatography of HeLa nuclear extracts showed that distinct 33 nuclear proteins including nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR1) and six other proteins preferentially associated with TRα1PV or TRβ1PV, respectively. These results indicate that recruitment of nuclear regulatory proteins by TR mutants is subtype dependent. The involvement of NCoR1 in mediating the distinct liver phenotype of Thra1PV and ThrbPV mice was further explored. NCoR1 preferentially interacted with TRα1PV rather than with TRβ1PV. NCoR1 was recruited more avidly to the thyroid hormone response element-bound TRα1PV than to TRβ1PV in the promoter of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α gene to repress its expression in the liver of Thra1PV mice, but not in ThrbPV mice. This preferential recruitment of NCoR1 by mutant isoforms could contribute, at least in part, to the distinct liver lipid phenotype of these mutant mice. The present study highlights a novel mechanism by which TR isoforms direct their selective functions via preferential recruitment of a subset of nuclear coregulatory proteins.
The case for removing the subchondral bone plate in preparation of the acetabulum
Authors: Gilbody J. 
Published: April 2011

Aseptic loosening of the acetabular component continues to be the most common indication for revision of total hip replacements in younger patients. Early in the evolution of the cemented hip, arthroplasty surgeons switched from removal to retention of the acetabular subchondral bone plate, theorising that unfavourable mechanical forces were the cause of loosening at the bone-cement interface. It is now known that the cause of aseptic loosening is probably biological rather than mechanical and removing the subchondral bone plate may enhance biological fixation of cement to bone. With this in mind, perhaps it is time to revive removal of the subchondral bone as a standard part of acetabular preparation.
Vibration Based Damage Identification Using Burg's Algorithm and Shewhart Control Charts
Authors: Rao Putti Srinivasa , Ratnam Ch. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
This paper proposes a methodology for the health monitoring of structures capable of identifying the damage at the earliest possible stage using the acceleration time response data obtained from piezoelectric accelerometers. In this, a unique combination of databased models to extract the damage sensitive features and Shewhart control charts to monitor the variations of the selected damage sensitive features are presented. The applicability of the proposed method is tested with the welded structure model by fixing it to the multi axes electro dynamic vibration shaker. In this, damage will be defined as a crack through the thickness of the weld and damage was introduced into the structure by cutting a slot in the weld using electric discharge machining. The acceleration time response data from the test structure are measured for five damage levels. Damage sensitive features are extracted by fitting a time prediction databased model called an Auto Regressive model to the measured acceleration time response data obtained from the undamaged structure. Then, the residual errors are calculated at each time step. To monitor the variation of mean and standard deviation of the extracted damage sensitive features, X-bar and S control charts are used. It is found that X-bar and S charts are capable of identifying the presence of damage for different damage levels considered in this work.
Fabrication of Semi-transparent Resistive Random Access memory and Its Characteristics of Nonvolatile Resistive Switching
Authors: Seo Jung Won , Baik Seung Jae , Kang Sang Jung , Lim Koeng Su 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThis report covers the resistive switching characteristics of cross-bar type semi-transparent (or see-through) resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices based on ZnO. In order to evaluate the transmittance of the devices, we designed the memory array with various electrode sizes and spaces between the electrodes. To prevent read disturbance problems due to sneak currents, we employed a metal oxide based p-NiO/n-ZnO diode structure, which exhibited good rectifying characteristics and high forward current density. Based on these results, we found that the combined metal oxide diode/RRAM device could be promising candidate with suppressed read disturbances of cross-bar type ZnO RRAM device.
Preparation of the CrO2 thin films using a Cr8O21 precursor
Authors: Muraoka Y. , Iwai K. , Yoshida S. , Wakita T. , Hirai M. , Yokoya T. , Kato Y. , Muro T. , Tamenori Y. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWe have prepared a CrO2 thin film by chemical vapor deposition from a Cr8O21 precursor and studied the bulk and surface physical properties. The CrO2 thin film is grown on TiO2(100) substrate by heating precursor and TiO2 (100) substrate together in a sealed quartz tube. The prepared film is found from x-ray diffraction analysis to be an (100)-oriented single phase. The magnetization and resistivity measurements indicate that the film is a ferromagnetic metal with a Curie temperature of about 400 K. Cr 3s core-level and valence band photoelectron spectroscopy spectra reveal the presence of a metallic CrO2 in the surface region of the film. Our work indicates that preparation from a Cr8O21 precursor in a closed system is promising for obtaining a CrO2 thin film with the metallic surface.