bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of the combined effects of the EHD3 and FREM3 genes in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Shi Cuijuan , Zhang Kerang , Wang Xuan , Shen Yan , Xu Qi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a common chronic mental disease with diverse clinical presentation. Although the genome‐wide association study (GWAS) has remarkably facilitated the understanding of genetic mechanisms of MDD at a deep molecular level, the combined effect of these disease‐underlying genes still needs further investigation. A total of 1,062 unrelated patients with MDD and 992 unrelated healthy subjects were recruited from a Chinese Han population to test 16 MDD‐associated genes identified by GWAS. A tag SNP‐based linkage‐disequilibrium map was then constructed over the loci that showed MDD association in the study sample. Of the 16 genes tested, EHD3 and FREM3 were associated with MDD in the Chinese population. The conditional test showed disease association for the rs619002(EHD3)‐rs1112714(FREM3) combination (P = 0.0059) and for the rs644926(EHD3)‐rs13130123(FREM3) combination (P = 0.007), of which a reduced risk was found for the rs619002(G)‐rs1112714(T) combination (OR = 0, P = 4.02 × 10−6) and for the rs644926(A)‐rs11938298(G) combination (OR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.035–0.39, P = 3.85 × 10−6). Quantitative trait analysis revealed that rs13130123 in the FREM3 locus was strongly associated with the insomnia early symptom in patients carrying the rs619002(G) allele (P = 0.001) and those carrying the rs644926(A) allele (P = 0.00077). The combined effect of the EHD3 and FREM3 genes may play an important role in developing MDD. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of a mis‐sense DISC1 variant on brain activation in two cohorts at high risk of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia
Authors: Whalley Heather C. , Sussmann Jessika E. , Johnstone Mandy , Romaniuk Liana , Redpath Holly , Chakirova Goultchira , Mukherjee Prerona , Hall Jeremy , Johnstone Eve C. , Lawrie Stephen M. , McIntosh Andrew M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBipolar disorder and schizophrenia share a number of clinical features and genetic risk variants of small effect, suggesting overlapping pathogenic mechanisms. The effect of single genetic risk variants on brain function is likely to differ in people at high familial risk versus controls as these individuals have a higher overall genetic loading and are therefore closer to crossing a threshold of disease liability. Therefore, whilst the effects of genetic risk variants on brain function may be similar across individuals at risk of both disorders, they are hypothesized to differ compared to that seen in control subjects. We sought to examine the effects of the DISC1 Leu607Phe polymorphism on brain activation in young healthy individuals at familial risk of bipolar disorder (n = 84), in a group of controls (n = 78), and in a group at familial risk of schizophrenia (n = 47), performing a language task. We assessed whether genotype effects on brain activation differed according to risk status. There was a significant genotype × group interaction in a cluster centered on the left pre/postcentral gyrus, extending to the inferior frontal gyrus. The origin of this genotype × group effect originated from a significant effect of the presumed risk variant (Phe) on brain activation in the control group, which was absent in both high‐risk groups. Differential effects of this polymorphism in controls compared to the two familial groups suggests a commonality of effect across individuals at high‐risk of the disorders, which is likely to be dependant upon existing genetic background. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two‐year results: transantral balloon dilation of the ethmoid infundibulum
Authors: Stankiewicz James , Truitt Theodore , Atkins James , Winegar Bradford , Cink Paul , Raviv Joseph , Henderson Diana , Tami Thomas 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground:Multiple prospective and retrospective studies have reported results from balloon‐only procedures and hybrid balloon sinus surgeries through intermediate follow‐up periods of up to 1 year. Long‐term durability results beyond 2 years are limited.Methods:One‐year results from the original study of standalone transantral balloon dilation in patients with computed tomography (CT) evidence of chronic inflammation in the maxillary sinuses alone or maxillary and anterior ethmoid sinuses combined were previously reported. Revision rate, symptom improvement, and productivity improvement were prospectively evaluated after a minimum follow‐up of 2 years.Results:Fifty‐nine patients (107 maxillary ostia) underwent balloon dilation of the maxillary sinus outflow tract and completed postprocedure follow‐up assessment at 27.0 ± 3.6 months. Patient 20‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐20) score improved from 2.65 ± 0.97 at baseline to 0.79 ± 0.71 at long‐term follow‐up (p < 0.0001). Improvement in work productivity and activity due to sinus‐related health issues for all patients was statistically significant across all survey instrument characteristics (p range, <0.0001 to 0.02). An analysis of the outcomes in a subgroup of patients with maxillary and anterior ethmoid disease (20; 34%) showed similar significant improvement in symptoms (SNOT‐20 decrease = −2.1; p < 0.0001). Approximately 92% of all patients reported satisfaction with the balloon procedure. Four (6.8%) patients underwent revision sinus surgery at 11.1 ± 7.3 months after treatment.Conclusion:Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and radiographic evidence of isolated maxillary disease with or without anterior ethmoid disease have reported clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in symptoms, productivity, and activity through a minimum of 2 years following standalone balloon dilation. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Dendralene auf dem Vormarsch: kreuzkonjugierte Oligoene ermöglichen den schnellen Aufbau molekularer Komplexität
Authors: Hopf Henning , Sherburn Michael S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractVor 27 Jahren veröffentlichte H. Hopf den bisher einzigen umfassenden Übersichtsartikel zu verzweigten Oligoenen mit dem Titel “Dendralene – eine vernachlässigte Gruppe hochungesättigter Kohlenwasserstoffe”. Die Dendralene werden heutzutage nicht mehr vernachlässigt. Die Forschung zu Synthese, Eigenschaften und Anwendungen der Dendralene hat in jüngster Zeit viele neue Impulse erhalten, und der vorliegende Aufsatz fasst die bedeutenden Ergebnisse der letzten Jahre zusammen. Von grundlegend wichtigen Eigenschaften (der ersten Demonstration von alternierendem Verhalten seit den Annulenen) bis zu unvergleichbaren, molekulare Komplexität erzeugenden, chemischen Transformationen: Die als Dendralene bekannte Klasse der Oligoene ist erwachsen geworden! Die verschiedenen Synthesewege zu acyclischen und cyclischen Dendralenen werden analysiert und klassifiziert. Die leistungsfähigste Umwandlung der Dendralene – die Dien‐transmissive Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion (DTDA‐Reaktion) – wird in einer detaillierten Übersicht vorgestellt.
First‐Principles Investigation of the Electronic and Conducting Properties of Oligothienoacenes and their Derivatives
Authors: Huang Jin‐Dou , Wen Shu‐Hao , Han Ke‐Li 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHerein, we calculated reorganization energies, vertical ionization energies, electron affinities, and HOMO–LUMO gaps of fused thiophenes and their derivatives, and analyzed the influence of different substituents on their electronic properties. Furthermore, we simulated the angular resolution anisotropic mobility for both electron‐ and hole‐transport, based on quantum‐chemical calculations combined with the Marcus–Hush electron‐transfer theory. We showed that: 1) styrene‐group substitution can effectively elevate the HOMO energy level and lower the LUMO energy level, and therefore lower both the hole‐ and electron‐injection barriers; and 2) chemical oxidation of the thiophene ring can significantly improve the semiconductor properties of the fused oligothiophenes through a decrease of the injection barrier and an increase in the charge‐transfer mobility for electrons but without lowering their hole‐transfer mobilities, which suggests that it may be a promising way to convert p‐type semiconductors into ambipolar or n‐type semiconductor materials.
Revisiting Western time orientations
Authors: Spears Nancy , Amos Clinton 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe study revisits the topic of Western time orientations. Drawing from a growing body of academic research that suggests varying orientations toward particular periods, the research explores our commonly accepted views about the singularity of each dimension of time orientation. Findings from a qualitative investigation suggest the presence of two qualitatively distinct present orientations and two distinct future orientations, each with different action processes, different motivational contexts, different tensions, and different tension resolution processes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of Mutant Asp251Gly/Gln307His of Cytochrome P450 BM3 for the Generation of Metabolites of Diclofenac, Ibuprofen and Tolbutamide
Authors: Tsotsou Georgia E. , Sideri Anastasia , Goyal Abhineet , Di Nardo Giovanna , Gilardi Gianfranco 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe soluble, catalytically self‐sufficient cytochrome P450 BM3 from Bacillus megaterium is a good candidate as biocatalyst for the synthesis of drug metabolites. To this end, error‐prone polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to generate a library of P450 BM3 mutants with novel activities toward drugs. The double mutant Asp251Gly/Gln307His (A2) with activities towards diclofenac, ibuprofen and tolbutamide was identified by screening with the alkali method. This is based on the detection of NADPH oxidation during enzymatic turnover on whole Escherichia coli cells heterologously expressing the P450 BM3 mutants in the presence of the target substrates. The three drugs screened are marker substrates of human liver cytochromes P450 belonging to the 2C subfamily. Interestingly the mutations Asp251Gly/Gln307His are located on the protein surface and they are not directly involved in substrate binding and turnover. Dissociation constants and KM values of mutant A2 for diclofenac, ibuprofen and tolbutamide are in the micromolar range. Catalysis leads to hydroxylations in specific positions, producing 4′‐hydroxydiclofenac, 2‐hydroxyibuprofen and 4‐hydroxytolbutamide, respectively.
Binary Pnictogen Azides—An Experimental and Theoretical Study: [As(N3)4]−, [Sb(N3)4]−, and [Bi(N3)5(dmso)]2−
Authors: Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander 
Published: February 2012

Abstract[PPh4][EI4] (E=As, Sb, Bi) salts were reacted with four and five equivalents of AgN3 to form tetraazidopnictates and pentaazidopnictates of the type [PPh4][E(N3)4] and [PPh4]2[E(N3)5], respectively. The synthesis of [PPh4][P(N3)4] was also attempted from the reaction of P(N3)3 with [PPh4]N3, but it yielded only the starting materials. Herein, we report the synthesis and structure elucidation of [PPh4][E(N3)]4 (E=As, Sb) and pentaazidobismuthate, stabilized as the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) anion adduct, [PPh4]2[Bi(N3)5(dmso)]. Successive anion formation along the series E(N3)3+nN3− (n=1–3) and E(N3)5+N3− was studied by density functional theory.
Copper Supported on the SiO2 Nanoparticle in Click Chemistry: An Alternative Catalytic System for Regioselective and One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles and β‐Hydroxytriazoles
Authors: Ciyabi Hashjin Maryam , Ciyabi Roghayeh , Baharloui Maryam , Hosseini Ghaffar , Tavakoli Hamed 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this work, readily prepared copper supported on the SiO2 nanoparticles has been found to effectively catalyze the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of a variety of azides, alkynes, epoxides and sodium azide, furnishing the corresponding 1,2,3‐triazoles and β‐hydroxytriazoles. Click reaction proceeds in short reaction times and under mild reaction conditions, and the resulting products are obtained in good yields at ambient temperature.
A Clicked Tetrathiafulvalene‐oxyquinoline Dyad as an Optical and Electrochemical Zn2+ Probe
Authors: Zhao Bangtun , Liu Lianwei , Li Xiaochuan , Qu Guirong 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA novel clicked tetrathiafulvalene derivative 3 bearing two 8‐oxyquinoline groups was synthesized for the selective detection of Zn2+ through optical and electrochemical changes. The addition of Zn2+ and Cd2+ induced a significant change in fluorescence intensity, which was attributable to the chelation‐enhanced fluorescence effect from the oxyquinoline and 1,2,3‐triazole rings. The electrochemical potentials of 3 in the presence of the Zn2+ were shifted toward more positive values relative to those of the other metal cations tested.
Structural Effects of L16Q, S20G, and L16Q‐S20G Mutations on hIAPP: A Comparative Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Wang Mian , Yang Jipeng , Wang Jianyi , Wang Xiaojuan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe conformation change picture of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is outlined using molecular dynamics simulation, and the structural influences of L16Q, S20G, and L16Q‐S20G mutations on the conformation of hIAPP are analyzed. Particularly, the conformational changes of the amyloidogenic‐related regions of residues 15–17 and 20–29 are emphasized. Our studies find that, for WT hIAPP, residues 15–17 always maintain a stable α‐helix structure, residues 20–25 structurally fluctuate between turn and 5‐helix, and residues 26–29 mainly adopt coil and bend structures. The hydrogen bonds between the polar groups of hIAPP, long‐rang van der Waals forces between the residues, and hydrophobic interactions between the residues of hIAPP are important driving forces to maintain the secondary structure of hIAPP. The replacement of leucine16 by glutamine stabilizes the helix structure of residues 15–17 and 20–23 of hIAPP monomer, and the structure of residues 24–29 fluctuates between helix and turn. The relatively stable helix structures of residues 15–17 and 20–29 are supposed to be beneficial for L16Q hIAPP to resist the aggregation as observed in the experiment. The substitution of serine20 by glycine drives residues 15–17 and 20–29 of hIAPP to transform from helix structure to β‐strands or coil structures with higher extension and flexibility, which may promote the aggregation of hIAPP as the experiments reported. These results are significant to understand the aggregation mechanism of hIAPP monomer into the dimer, trimer, oligomers and fibrils associated with the type 2 diabetes at the atomic level.
Studies on Mechanochemical Method to Synthesize LDH Nanoparticles
Authors: Jia Chunxiao , Zhang Xiaoqing , Li Shuping 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMagnesium‐ferrum layered double hydroxide (Mg‐Fe‐LDH) and zinic‐aluminum layered double hydroxide (Zn‐Al‐LDH) compounds were prepared through a mechanochemical method. The influence of molar ratio of M2+ to M3+ (R value) on the property of LDH nanoparticles has been studied and the results showed that R=3:1 is the optimum value for the both samples. Besides pure water, the mixture of water and ethanol with the volume ratio of 3:1 is also used to wash the precipitates and used as suspending agent during the peptization process and our results showed that the addition of ethanol can improve the monodispersity of LDH nanoparticles greatly.
Cesium's Affects on Morphological Changes of Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Feng Yunxiao , La Ming 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCesium could play a toxic role in several pathological processes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study morphological changes of human erythrocytes after incubating with different concentrations of CsCl, and the Raman spectra were used to study the effects of CsCl on the chemistry components of erythrocyte membrane. The AFM images showed that the "domain structures" that appeared after incubation with higher concentration of CsCl (150 mmol·L−1), are featured by the particles aggregated to form ranges and the separations among them enlarged to gorges, and this change may increase the permeability of cell membranes. The Raman results showed that the polar part of membrane phospholipid become more order and with the increasing of the concentration of CsCl, the longitudinal order of nonpolar parts first decreased and then increased. It is concluded that the aggregation of membrane proteins and the order changes of the phospholipid cause a change in the distribution and conformation of the phospholipid membrane. And the effects of CsCl on the erythrocyte membrane are mainly dependent on its concentration.
Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by Zn(II)‐Thiourea Complex
Authors: Wan Ningning , Hui Yonghai , Xie Zhengfeng , Wang Jide 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFriedel‐Crafts alkylation of indoles with nitroalkenes catalyzed by a novel Zn(II)‐thiourea complex has been developed. The remarkable advantages of this reaction are mild reaction conditions, simple workup procedure, high yield of products and the use of ethanol as acceptable solvent.
A novel formulation for Neumann inflow boundary conditions in biomechanics
Authors: Gravemeier Volker , Comerford Andrew , Yoshihara Lena , Ismail Mahmoud , Wall Wolfgang A. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYNeumann boundary conditions prescribing the total momentum flux at inflow boundaries of biomechanical problems are proposed in this study. This approach enables the simultaneous application of velocity/flow rate and pressure curves at inflow boundaries. As the basic numerical method, a residual‐based variational multiscale (or stabilized) finite element method is presented. The focus of the numerical examples in this work is on respiratory flows with complete flow reversals. However, the proposed formulation is just as well suited for cardiovascular flow problems with partial retrograde flow. Instabilities, which were reported for such problems in the literature, are resolved by the present approach without requiring the additional consideration of a Lagrange multiplier technique. The suitability of the approach is demonstrated for two respiratory flow examples, a rather simple tube and complex tracheobronchial airways (up to the fourth generation, segmented from end‐expiratory CT images). For the latter example, the boundary conditions are generated from mechanical ventilation data obtained from an intensive care unit patient suffering from acute lung injury. For the tube, analytical pressure profiles can be replicated, and for the tracheobronchial airways, a correct distribution of the prescribed total momentum flux at the inflow boundary into velocity and pressure part is observed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voice interactive classroom: best practices and design strategies
Authors: García Víctor Manuel Álvarez , Puerto Paule Ruiz M. , González Moisés Riestra , Pérez Juan Ramón Pérez 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYThis paper provides an insight into the process of developing comprehensive voice‐enabled and interoperable learning services. We provide a background on the Voice Interactive Classroom, a service‐oriented architecture that enables cross‐platform multichannel access to Internet‐based learning. Strategies and practices for designing, developing, documenting and evaluating service‐oriented applications are also presented, which allow aural access to existing e‐learning platforms. In addition, we summarise the development of four voice‐enabled learning services and report the findings obtained from evaluating their usability and didactic effectiveness. This research is intended to facilitate students and practitioners with planning, implementing and evaluating their own solutions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TEMPO‐Mediated Electrooxidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols in a Microfluidic Electrolytic Cell
Authors: Hill‐Cousins Joseph T. , Kuleshova Jekaterina , Green Robert A. , Birkin Peter R. , Pletcher Derek , Underwood Toby J. , Leach Stuart G. , Brown Richard C. D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA general procedure for the 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO)‐mediated electrooxidation of primary and secondary alcohols modified for application in a microfluidic electrolytic cell is described. The electrocatalytic system utilises a buffered aqueous tert‐butanol reaction medium, which operates effectively without the requirement for additional electrolyte, providing a mild protocol for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones at ambient temperature on a laboratory scale. Optimisation of the process is discussed along with the oxidation of 15 representative alcohols.
Isl1 and Ldb Co‐regulators of transcription are essential early determinants of mouse limb development
Authors: Narkis Ginat , Tzchori Itai , Cohen Tsadok , Holtz Alex , Wier Eric , Westphal Heiner 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground: The developing limb has served as an excellent model for studying pattern formation and signal transduction in mammalians. Many of the crucial genes that regulate growth and patterning of the limb following limb bud formation are now well known. However, details regarding the control of limb initiation and early stages of outgrowth remain to be defined. This report is focused on genetic events that pave the way for the establishment of a hindlimb bud. Results: Fgf10 and Tbx are crucial for early phases of limb bud initiation. Here we show that in the absence of Isl1 or of Ldb1/2, there is no hindlimb bud development. Fgf10 expression in the bud mesenchyme is dependent on Isl1 and its Ldb co‐regulators. Conclusions: Thus, Isl1 and the Ldb co‐regulators of transcription are essential early determinants of mouse limb development. Isl1/Ldb complexes regulate Fgf10 to orchestrate the earliest stages of hindlimb formation. Developmental Dynamics 241:787–791, 2012. Published 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vegetation dynamics and their response to hydroclimatic factors in the Tarim River Basin, China
Authors: Wang Yanfang , Shen Yanjun , Chen Yaning , Guo Ying 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTVegetation dynamics are very sensitive to climate change, especially in arid and semiarid regions. The Tarim River Basin, the largest and the most arid basin in northwest China, is a typically closed, independent, and self‐balanced hydrological system. In this study, the Mann–Kendall trend test, partial correlation analysis, and gray relation analysis were used to investigate the vegetation dynamics and their response to hydroclimatic change in the Tarim River Basin from 1982 to 2006. The results indicated that vegetation vigour and coverage in the majority of the study area improved over the study period. However, vulnerable ecological regions including the margin of oases, the southeast of the Kunlun Mountains, and riparian zones were stressed by water shortage. Vegetation in these vulnerable zones tended to experience a decreasing trend, and water diversion was necessary to protect the important vulnerable ecological regions. The results of partial correlation analysis in space indicated that vegetation variation had a significantly positive correlation with mean annual temperature overall and a significantly positive correlation with local precipitation in most of the mountain regions. The results of gray relation analysis demonstrated that temperature was the main stress factor for mountain vegetation and runoff for oasis vegetation. Under the direct and indirect effects of temperature rise over the study period, vegetation vigour and coverage area have been improved because of more favourable hydroclimatic conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.