bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel synthesis and biological activity of 2‐substituted derivatives of 3‐cyano‐4‐imino‐2‐methylthio‐8‐methoxy‐4H‐pyrimido[2,1‐b][1,3]benzothiazole and 3‐amino‐4‐imino‐8‐methoxy‐2H‐pyrazolo[3′,4′:4,5]pyrimido[2,1‐b][1,3]benzothiazole
Authors: Badne S. G. , Swamy D. K. , Bhosale V. N. , Kuberkar S. V. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract2‐Amino‐6‐methoxybenzothiazole 1 on reaction with bis(methylthio)methylene malononitrile 2 in the presence of dimethyl formamide and catalytic amount of anhydrous potassium carbonate afforded 3‐cyano‐4‐imino‐8‐methoxy‐4H‐pyrimido[2,1‐b][1,3]benzothiazole 3. Under similar experimental conditions, compound 3 on treatment independently with arylamines/heterylamines/phenols/compounds containing active methylene group yielded corresponding 2‐substituted derivatives of compound 3 (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5a, 5b, 5c, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, and 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e). Similarly, novel heterocyclic compounds, 3‐amino‐4‐imino‐8‐methoxy‐2H
8a/aryl 8b–c/heteryl 8d, 8e, 8f/pyrazolo[3′,4′:4,5]pyrimido[2,1‐b][1,3]benzothiazoles, were prepared by heating compound 3 independently with hydrazine hydrate/arylhydrazines/heterylhydrazines, respectively. All these newly synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
The capsule's contribution to total hip construct stability – A finite element analysis
Authors: Elkins Jacob M. , Stroud Nicholas J. , Rudert M. James , Tochigi Yuki , Pedersen Douglas R. , Ellis Benjamin J. , Callaghan John J. , Weiss Jeffrey A. , Brown Thomas D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInstability is a significant concern in total hip arthroplasty (THA), particularly when there is structural compromise of the capsule due to pre‐existing pathology or due to necessities of surgical approach. An experimentally grounded fiber‐direction‐based finite element model of the hip capsule was developed, and was integrated with an established three‐dimensional model of impingement/dislocation. Model validity was established by close similarity to results from a cadaveric experiment in a servohydraulic hip simulator. Parametric computational runs explored effects of graded levels of capsule thickness, of regional detachment from the capsule's femoral or acetabular insertions, of surgical incisions of capsule substance, and of capsule defect repairs. Depending strongly upon the specific site, localized capsule defects caused varying degrees of construct stability compromise, with several specific situations involving over 60% decrement in dislocation resistance. Construct stability was returned substantially toward intact‐capsule levels following well‐conceived repairs, although the suture sites involved were often at substantial risk of failure. These parametric model results underscore the importance of retaining or robustly repairing capsular structures in THA, in order to maximize overall construct stability. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:1642–1648, 2011
Investigating the role of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in regulating the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro
Authors: Liao Jiehong , Hammerick Kyle E. , Challen Grant A. , Goodell Margaret A. , Kasper F. Kurtis , Mikos Antonios G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSignificant progress has been made in understanding the hematopoietic supportive capacity of both mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteogenic cells in maintaining hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vitro. However the role of HSPCs in regulating their bone marrow niche environment through influencing the function of neighboring cell populations to complete this reciprocal relationship is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the influence of HSPCs on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro, using a highly enriched population of hematopoietic cells with the phenotype c‐Kit+Sca‐1+Lineage− (KSL) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells in direct contact co‐culture in medium with or without the addition of the osteogenic supplement dexamethasone. The data suggest that a low dose of HSPCs in co‐culture with MSCs in combination with dexamethasone treatment accelerates the osteogenic progression of MSCs, as evidenced in the earlier peak in alkaline phosphatase activity and enhanced calcium deposition compared to cultures of MSCs alone. We observed a longer persistence of functional primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the population treated with dexamethasone, and this observation was positively correlated with enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Therefore, our findings further support the concept that HSPCs are actively involved in regulating the development and maintenance of the stem cell niche environment in which they reside. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1544–1553, 2011
Heme oxygenase‐1 germ line GTn promoter polymorphism is an independent prognosticator of tumor recurrence and survival in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Vashist Yogesh K. , Uzungolu Guentac , Kutup Asad , Gebauer Florian , Koenig Alexandra , Deutsch Lena , Zehler Oliver , Busch Philipp , Kalinin Viacheslav , Izbicki Jakob R. , Yekebas Emre F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundHeme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) correlates with aggressive tumor behavior and chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer (PC). We evaluated the prognostic value of the basal transcription controlling germ line GTn repeat polymorphism (GTn) in the promoter region of the HO‐1 gene in PC.Patients and methodsWe determined the GTn in 100 controls and 150 PC patients. DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes and GTn determined by PCR, electrophoresis, and sequencing. Clinicopathological parameters, disease‐free, and overall survival (DFS, OS) were correlated with GTn.ResultsThree genotypes were defined based on short (S) <25 and long (L) ≥25 GTn repeat alleles. In PC patients, a steadily increasing risk was evident between LL, SL, and SS genotype patients for larger tumor size, presence of lymph node metastasis, poor tumor differentiation and higher recurrence rate (P < 0.001 each). The SS genotype displayed the most aggressive tumor biology. The LL genotype had the best and the SS genotype the worst DFS and OS (P < 0.001 each). The GTn genotype was the strongest prognostic factor for recurrence and survival (P < 0.001 each).ConclusionThe GTn repeat polymorphism is a strong prognostic marker for recurrence and survival in PC patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:305–311. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is routine measurement of amylase concentration in drainage fluid necessary after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer?
Authors: Tomimaru Yoshito , Miyashiro Isao , Kishi Kentaro , Motoori Masaaki , Yano Masahiko , Shingai Tatsushi , Noura Shingo , Ohue Masayuki , Ohigashi Hiroaki , Ishikawa Osamu 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMeasurement of amylase level in drainage fluid (D‐AMY) is often performed for detection of pancreatic fistula (PF) formation after total gastrectomy. However, PF incidence has decreased and PF formation can be judged by changes in drainage fluid properties. The aim of study is to compare the significance of drainage fluid inspection for PF formation with D‐AMY measurement.MethodsPF incidence, drainage fluid properties, and D‐AMY level in drainage fluid were investigated retrospectively in 173 patients undergoing total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of changes in fluid properties for PF detection were compared to D‐AMY measurement.ResultsPF incidence in patients with dark‐red colored drainage fluid (16/51) was higher than in those without dark‐red fluid (0/122, P < 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis by fluid properties were 100% and 77.7%, respectively. PF formation also correlated with D‐AMY level, with sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis by D‐AMY level of 5,000 U of 100% and 82.2%, respectively. There were no differences in the above parameters between the two diagnostic methods.ConclusionsDrainage fluid inspection can provide accurate diagnosis of PF formation, similar to D‐AMY measurement, suggesting that routine D‐AMY measurement is probably not necessary in every patient. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:274–277. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transoral laser microsurgery: A new approach for unknown primaries of the head and neck
Authors: Karni Ron J. , Rich Jason T. , Sinha Parul , Haughey Bruce H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the efficacy of transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) used at examination under anesthesia (EUA) for detection and management of an unidentified primary site and to determine survival with both TLM EUA and traditional rigid pharyngolaryngoscopy EUA, with directed biopsies.Study Design:Comparative retrospective review of patients who underwent two different procedures, TLM EUA and traditional EUA, to identify a primary site.Methods:Thirty patients presenting with occult primary met the study criteria. Eighteen underwent TLM EUA and 12 underwent traditional EUA. We collected data on the treatment approach, detection rate of the primary site, neck dissection, postoperative radiotherapy, and disease‐free survival (DFS).Results:The primary site detection rate with TLM EUA was 94% (17 of 18) and with traditional EUA was 25% (3 of 12). Overall, the occult primary was identified in 20 of 30 patients. The majority of patients (95%) had a primary in the oropharynx (19 of 20). Sixteen occult primaries in the TLM EUA group were immediately resected with TLM. At median follow‐up of 30 months, there was no recurrence in the TLM EUA group. There was a 41.6% (5 of 12) recurrence rate in traditional EUA group. The Kaplan‐Meier 5‐year DFS was 100% for the TLM EUA group and 44% for the traditional EUA group (log rank value = 0.0006).Conclusions:TLM management of occult primary malignancies allowed high detection rates of primary tumor and was associated with a high level of DFS. Application of TLM during EUA both detects and treats the primary and may decrease the number of patients requiring wide‐field irradiation.
Pulsed potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate laser photoangiolytic treatment of mucosal squamous cell carcinoma in the hamster cheek pouch
Authors: Burns James A. , Lopez‐Guerra Gerardo , Kobler James B. , Faquin William , LeClair Matthew , Zeitels Steven M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Early glottic cancer has been involuted by treatment with the 532 nm pulsed potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate (KTP) laser in initial clinical studies. Selective photoangiolysis of the sublesional circulation that allows for relative sparing of surrounding tissue is the presumed mechanism. No prior controlled animal‐model study has analyzed the ability of selective coagulation of lesional microvasculature coagulation with the KTP laser to involute malignant lesions. This study tests the efficacy of photoangiolysis with the KTP laser in treating squamous cell carcinoma in an established animal model.Study Design:In vivo.Methods:Malignant lesions were induced unilaterally in the cheek pouches of 21 hamsters by applying 9,10‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benzanthrancene. The contralateral cheek pouch served as a control. Weekly lesion photodocumentation and pulsed KTP laser (30 W, 15 msec pulse width, 2 pulses/sec) treatments were done. The endpoint of each treatment was a uniform white‐blanching of the lesion. Hamsters were sacrificed 1 week after the last treatment and cheek pouches were analyzed histologically.Results:Carcinoma was confirmed in 19 hamsters, and lesions that were initially <2 mm were more effectively treated than lesions that were >2 mm (P = .0004). Every lesion (10/10) that initially measured <2 mm resolved completely after laser treatment with minimal scarring noted at the treatment site based on histology. Lesions measuring between 2 and 5 mm resolved 33% of the time (2/6), and none (0/3) of the lesions >5 mm resolved after completion of the treatment period.Conclusions:Pulsed KTP laser photoangiolysis can effectively involute small malignant lesions, but may be less effective at involuting larger (>2 mm) lesions.
Vitamin E – essential knowledge for supplementation
Authors: Gee Ping Tou 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMisinterpretation of scientific data led vitamin E research in a wrong direction. Scientists focused on α‐tocopherol, ignoring other forms of vitamin E. However, natural α‐tocopherol supplementation significantly increased all‐cause mortality. This paradoxical observation demonstrates flaws in current understanding on vitamin E. Updated knowledge on vitamin E supplementation provides explanation of this paradoxical observation. The less well‐known tocotrienols, but not α‐tocopherol, fulfil the fundamentals for disease prevention which differ from antioxidant activity.
Well‐Defined Miktocycle Eight‐Shaped Copolymers Composed of Polystyrene and Poly(ε‐caprolactone): Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Shi Gang‐Yin , Sun Jiao‐Tong , Pan Cai‐Yuan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA series of well‐defined miktocycle number‐eight‐shaped copolymers composed of cyclic polystyrene (PS) and cyclic poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) have been successfully synthesized by a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), ring‐opening polymerization (ROP), and “click” reaction. The synthesis involves three steps: 1) preparation of tetrafunctional initiator with two acetylene groups, one hydroxyl group and a bromo group; 2) preparation of two azide‐terminated block copolymers, N3‐PCL‐(CHC)2‐PS‐N3, with two acetylene groups anchored at the junction; and 3) intramolecular cyclization of the block copolymer through “click” reaction under high dilution. The 1H NMR, FT‐IR, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) techniques are applied to characterize the chemical structures of the resulting intermediates and the target polymers. Their thermal behavior is investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The decrease in chain mobility of eight‐shaped copolymers restricts the crystallization of PCL. magnified image
Phase Behavior of Vesicle‐Forming Block Copolymers in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Braun Jörg , Bruns Nico , Pfohl Thomas , Meier Wolfgang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe binary phase diagram of amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(γ‐methyl‐ε‐caprolactone) block copolymers in water is examined for four polymers having the same hydrophilic block length but different hydrophobic block lengths across the whole concentration range. The bulk polymers show no ordered morphology. With increasing water concentration the polymers undergo transitions from lamellar phases to packed vesicles and subsequently all polymers self‐assemble into vesicles in dilute aqueous solutions. Additionally, the largest polymer forms an inverse hexagonal phase, and the smallest polymer self‐aggregates into rod‐like micelles and showed a hexagonal phase. magnified image
Statistical Glycopolymers Based on 2‐Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate: Copolymerization, Thermal Properties, and Lectin Interaction Studies
Authors: Bordegé Vanesa , Muñoz‐Bonilla Alexandra , León Orietta , Cuervo‐Rodríguez Rocío , Sánchez‐Chaves Manuel , Fernández‐García Marta 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAmphiphilic statistical glycopolymers based on unprotected glycomonomer, 2‐{[(D‐glucosamin‐2‐N‐yl)carbonyl]oxy}ethyl methacrylate (HEMAGl), and methyl acrylate have been synthesized by classical free radical polymerization in DMSO solutions at 70 °C. The reactions have been followed by in situ monitoring proton NMR. The monomer reactivity ratios have been calculated using Kelen‐Tüdös extended equation. Then, the cumulative feed and copolymer compositions as a function of conversion have been obtained, showing a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical data. The thermal properties such as their glass transition and thermal stability temperatures have been analyzed. In addition, the carbohydrate–lectin interaction in those water‐soluble glycopolymers has been studied, demonstrating successful binding. magnified image
Approaches of load assumption for durability assessment of automotive structure
Authors: Heuler P. , Frost M. , Rochlitz H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBei der Ableitung von Lastannahmen als einem wesentlichen Element des Produktentwicklungs‐ und Auslegungsprozesses sind die spezifischen Ansätze und Randbedingungen des Nachweisprozesses zu berücksichtigen. In dem Beitrag werden wichtige Bausteine und Ansätze für die Entwicklung von Lastannahmen von PKW diskutiert, wobei sowohl die äußeren einwirkenden Lasten als auch die inneren Reaktionskräfte für die endgültige Festlegung von festigkeitsbezogenen Bauteillastenheften zu berücksichtigen sind. Hierbei werden Informationen von Messungen an neuen Fahrzeugmustern, Normierung und Weiterentwicklung von Lastdatenbanken, numerische Analysen über die Mehrkörpersystem‐Simulation und Lastdaten‐Ergebnisse aus Kundenmessungen zusammengeführt. Das Thema standardisierte Last‐Zeit‐Funktionen wird abschließend kurz beleuchtet am Beispiel eines Lastdaten‐Vergleichs von Messungen auf einer Teststrecke mit CARLOS multi.
Application of the notch stress concept to the real geometry of weld end points
Authors: Kaffenberger M. , Vormwald M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractModerne Schweißnahtstrukturen werden häufig mit Nahtanfangs‐ und Endpunkten ausgeführt. Diese erwiesen sich als versagenskritischer Punkt. Speziell für Feinbleche (t < 5 mm) liegen hierzu keine Nachweiskonzepte vor. Daher wurde in einem Forschungsvorhaben ein allgemeingültiges Nachweisverfahren mit dem Kerbspannungskonzept für Schweißnahtenden an dünnen Blechen erarbeitet. Grundlage war das Erfassen der realen Nahtendgeometrie repräsentativer Probekörper mittels eines hochauflösenden 3D Scanners. Hieraus konnte ein idealisiertes Nahtendmodell mit dem konzeptgebundenen Kerbradius r = 0,2 mm abstrahiert werden, welches nahezu die gleichen Kerbspannungen liefert wie die reale Geometrie. Die untersuchten Lastfälle waren Querzug, Längszug und Biegung. Als Versagen trat ein Riss an der Fußkerbe auf. Mit der aus den Schwingversuchen bestimmten Kerbspannungswöhlerlinie kann somit erstmals die Lebensdauer für Schweißnahtenden bestimmt werden. Darüber hinaus wurden Umrechnungsregeln erarbeitet, die auch eine Modellierung mit einem von r = 0,2 mm abweichendem Radius zulassen. Aus dieser Überlegung heraus wurden weiterführende Untersuchungen in Hinblick auf die Verallgemeinerung des Kerbspannungskonzeptes angestellt. So wurden die Versuchsergebnisse von Olivier, der Schweißnähte ohne Nahtenden nach dem Kerbspannungskonzept untersuchte, neu ausgewertet, um die Widerstände langer Schweißnähte und die des lokal ausgeprägten Nahtendes unter einer Wöhlerlinie zu vereinen. Unter Berücksichtigung der realen Kerbgeometrie ist dies auch gelungen. Wie aber auch hier ein allgemeingültiges Verfahren mit idealisierten Nähten aussehen kann, wird derzeit noch untersucht.
Fatigue life prediction for pressure cast transmission housings using the strain life approach
Authors: Schön M. , Varenkamp M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDruckgegossene Getriebegehäuse sind komplex gestaltete Strukturbauteile, die u. a. die Anforderungen an die Betriebsfestigkeit bei möglichst geringem Gewicht erfüllen müssen. Der rechnerische Nachweis der Betriebsfestigkeit erfolgt mit dem Örtlichen Konzept. Eine Herausforderung dabei ist die Berücksichtigung der inhomogenen Festigkeitseigenschaften des Werkstoffs infolge des Gießprozesses. Es zeigt sich, dass die lokale Porosität die wesentliche Einflussgröße für die Bauteillebensdauer ist. Ausgehend von den Erfahrungen mit der Basis‐Variante des Örtlichen Konzepts wird dargestellt, mit welchen Ansätzen die Anpassung des Verfahrens zur Berechnung von druckgegossenen Bauteilen unter Belastung mit konstanten und variablen Amplituden gelungen ist.
Rapid Simultaneous Determination of Major Isoflavones of Pueraria lobata and Discriminative Analysis of its Geographical Origins by Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Zhao Chenxi , Chan Hoi‐yan , Yuan Dalin , Liang Yizeng , Lau Tsui‐yan , Chau Foo‐Tim 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionIsoflavones are main bioactive components of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. Puerarin has been used as the marker compound in herb quality evaluation in the Chinese Pharmacopoiea. However, it is also important to include the other isoflavones present in the herb, such as daidzin, daidzein, genistin and genistein, in the evaluation as they also contribute to the overall bioactivity of the herb.ObjectiveTo develop a rapid and reliable method for simultaneous quantitation of isoflavones for P. lobata herb quality evluation.MethodologyThe chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent rapid resolution liquid chromatographic system through gradient elution. The developed method for the quantification of puerarin, daidzin, daidzein, genistin and genistein was fully validated. When it was applied to analyse the extracts of P. lobata, baseline separation was obtained within 10 min.ResultsThe amounts of puerarin, daidzin, daidzein and genistin varied greatly among the samples although their chromatographic fingerprints were similar to each other. The 19 samples studied were classified into three clusters (I–III) by principal component analysis based on the amounts of puerarin, daidzin, daidzein and genistin.ConclusionThe classification result can be related to herbal origins, but the classification outcome from the chromatographic fingerprinting similarity approach did not provide any geographical origin information. This shows that bioactive constituents can reflect the intrinsic quality of P. lobata more accurately. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of aliphatic copolyesters containing 1,4‐bis[(carboxylethoxy)methyl]cyclohexane
Authors: Hwang Seok‐Ho , Baek Seung‐Suk , Kook Yun‐Bae , Jeong Kwang‐Un 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA series of aliphatic copolyesters was synthesized using newly prepared cyclohexane‐based alicyclic diacid, succinic acid and 1,4‐butanediol with various molar ratios, in order to investigate the effects of these compositions on the crystallinity and thermal properties of the aliphatic copolyesters. The structures, average molecular weights and physical properties of the resulting random aliphatic copolyesters were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction. The results of DSC reveal that thermal and crystallization behaviors depend on the corresponding diacid comonomer (1,4‐bis[(carboxylethoxy)methyl]cyclohexane) content in the aliphatic copolymers. However, the crystalline structures of the aliphatic copolyesters and of poly(butylene succinate) homopolymer are identical. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Cyclization tendencies in the free radical polymerization of allyl acrylate derivatives: A computational study
Authors: Karahan Özlem , Işi̇k Mehtap , Çifci Gülşah , Uǧur İlke , Avci Duygu , AvIyente VIktorya 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this study density functional theory (DFT) has been used to model the elementary steps and rationalize the free radical polymerization kinetics in allyl methacrylate (AMA), allyl 2‐cyanoacrylate (ACA) and methyl α‐[(allyloxy)methyl]acrylate. The models used in this study have revealed the fact that while methyl α‐[(allyloxy)methyl]acrylate, cyclopolymerizes via 5‐membered rings, AMA and ACA do not. The cyclization tendency of methyl α‐[(allyloxy)methyl]acrylate is attributed to the similar hybridization (sp3) of C3 and C5 favoring a quasi cyclic structure for the reactive rotamer. On the other hand, the presence of the cyano (CN) group in ACA facilitates the initiation step as compared to AMA. The chain transfer reaction does not seem to play a major role in the monomers of interest. This study highlights the usage of quantum chemistry in determining the cyclization tendencies of allyl acrylate derivatives in their free radical polymerization reactions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011