bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo detection of intermediate metabolic products of [1‐13C]ethanol in the brain using 13C MRS
Authors: Xiang Yun , Shen Jun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this study, in vivo 13C MRS was used to investigate the labeling of brain metabolites after intravenous administration of [1‐13C]ethanol. After [1‐13C]ethanol had been administered systemically to rats, 13C labels were detected in glutamate, glutamine and aspartate in the carboxylic and amide carbon spectral region. 13C‐labeled bicarbonate HCO (161.0 ppm) was also detected. Saturating acetaldehyde C1 at 207.0 ppm was found to have no effect on the ethanol C1 (57.7 ppm) signal intensity after extensive signal averaging, providing direct in vivo evidence that direct metabolism of alcohol by brain tissue is minimal. To compare the labeling of brain metabolites by ethanol with labeling by glucose, in vivo time course data were acquired during intravenous co‐infusion of [1‐13C]ethanol and [13C6]‐D‐glucose. In contrast with labeling by [13C6]‐D‐glucose, which produced doublets of carboxylic/amide carbons with a J coupling constant of 51 Hz, the simultaneously detected glutamate and glutamine singlets were labeled by [1‐13C]ethanol. As 13C labels originating from ethanol enter the brain after being converted into [1‐13C]acetate in the liver, and the direct metabolism of ethanol by brain tissue is negligible, it is suggested that orally or intragastrically administered 13C‐labeled ethanol may be used to study brain metabolism and glutamatergic neurotransmission in investigations involving alcohol administration. In vivo 13C MRS of rat brain following intragastric administration of 13C‐labeled ethanol is demonstrated. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution of FE‐BE coupled eigenvalue problems for the prediction of the vibro‐acoustic behavior of ship‐like structures
Authors: Junge Michael , Brunner Dominik , Gaul Lothar 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTo predict the vibro‐acoustic behavior of structures, both a structural problem and an acoustic problem have to be solved. For thin structures immersed in water, a strong interaction between the structural domain and fluid domain occurs. This significantly alters the resonance frequencies. In this work, the structure is modeled by the finite element method. The exterior acoustic problem is solved by a fast boundary element method employing hierarchical matrices. An FE‐BE formulation is presented, which allows the solution of the coupled eigenvalue problem and thus the prediction of the coupled eigenfrequencies and mode shapes. It is based on a Schur complement formulation of the FE‐BE system yielding a generalized eigenvalue problem. A Krylov–Schur solver is applied for its efficient solution. Hereby, the compressibility of the fluid is neglected. The coupled eigensolution is then used for a model reduction strategy allowing fast frequency sweep calculations. The efficiency of the proposed formulations is investigated with respect to memory consumption, accuracy, and computation time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A level set‐based topology optimization method targeting metallic waveguide design problems
Authors: Yamasaki Shintaro , Nomura Tsuyoshi , Kawamoto Atsushi , Sato Kazuo , Nishiwaki Shinji 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a level set‐based topology optimization method targeting metallic waveguide design problems, where the skin effect must be taken into account since the metallic waveguides are generally used in the high‐frequency range where this effect critically affects performance. One of the most reasonable approaches to represent the skin effect is to impose an electric field constraint condition on the surface of the metal. To implement this approach, we develop a boundary‐tracking scheme for the arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) mesh pertaining to the zero iso‐contour of the level set function that is given in an Eulerian mesh, and impose Dirichlet boundary conditions at the nodes on the zero iso‐contour in the ALE mesh to compute the electric field. Since the ALE mesh accurately tracks the zero iso‐contour at every optimization iteration, the electric field is always appropriately computed during optimization. For the sensitivity analysis, we compute the nodal coordinate sensitivities in the ALE mesh and smooth them by solving a Helmholtz‐type partial differential equation. The obtained smoothed sensitivities are used to compute the normal velocity in the level set equation that is solved using the Eulerian mesh, and the level set function is updated based on the computed normal velocity. Finally, the utility of the proposed method is discussed through several numerical examples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal trajectories for angular systems on the projective line
Authors: Rodr íguez J. C. , Ayala V. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYWe analyze two optimal problems for a class of nonlinear system on the real projective line Popf1 induced by a class of bilinear control system: the angular system. Two functional costs are considered: time‐optimal and quadratic. According to the Pontryagin Maximum Principle, in the time‐optimal case we show that if the angle system ℙΣ satisfies the controllability property, then there exists a minimal time bang‐bang trajectory connecting any two points on ℙ1, the noncontrollable case was discussed in closed form in (SIAM J. Control Optim. 2009; 48(4):2636–2650). On the other hand, in the quadratic cost, the optimal control is a continuous function (Proyecciones J. Math. 2010; 29(2):145–164). A comparison is also established between the structure of the solutions for the two optimal problems: time‐optimal and quadratic in the controllable and noncontrollable cases. The extremals are obtained from the adjoint system given by the Pontryagin Maximum Principle onto ℙ1 via radial projection. An example is given. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progressive miRNA expression profiles in cervical carcinogenesis and identification of HPV‐related target genes for miR‐29
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Fenfen , Xu Junfen , Ye Feng , Shen Yuanming , Zhou Jiansong , Lu Weiguo , Wan Xiaoyun , Ma Ding , Xie Xing 
Published: February 2011

AbstractmiRNAs have the potential to act on diverse downstream genes, and miRNA signatures of HPV‐infected tissues may provide insight into HPV‐related carcinogenesis. We set out to profile miRNA expression in HPV‐infected samples and relate this to histological and grade‐specific alterations in the spectrum of cervical carcinogenesis in vivo. A total of 31 miRNAs showed significant and continuous expression along with the progression from normal cervical tissue to cancer, and six of them were validated in 133 samples. By bioinformatics analyses, we established a putative HPV‐associated miRNA–mRNA regulatory network, showing that miR‐29 is the most highly enriched. We also found that YY1 and CDK6 were both positively correlated with E6/E7 RNA expression and targeted by tumour‐suppressive miR‐29. Evidence of miR‐29 involvement in HPV infection was further verified in patient samples and by various experimental approaches. Taken together, our results suggest that HPVs have oncogenic properties at least in part by reshaping the milieu of cellular miRNAs. miR‐29 restrains cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis via YY1 and CDK6 promoting malignant transformation induced by HPV, although the abnormality of miR‐29 in HPV‐infected cells might be regulated in an indirect way. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular characteristics and biological behaviours of the oncocytic and pancreatobiliary subtypes of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms
Authors: Xiao Hong D , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Dias‐Santagata Dora , Kuboki Yuko , Akhavanfard Sara , Hatori Takashi , Yamamoto Masakazu , Shiratori Keiko , Kobayashi Makio , Shimizu Michio , Fernandez‐del Castillo Carlos , Mino‐Kenudson Mari , Furukawa Toru 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) consists of four epithelial subtypes. Of those, pancreatobiliary and oncocytic types are recently recognized and relatively uncommon, and usually exhibit high‐grade dysplasia. The biological properties and molecular characteristics of these two types have not been well documented. The few molecular studies of the oncocytic type showed absence of KRAS mutations commonly seen in the other subtypes, raising the possibility that the oncocytic type is distinct from the other subtypes. Thus, we examined clinicopathological features and molecular alterations of the two subtypes. The study cohort consisted of 12 pancreatobiliary and 18 oncocytic IPMN cases. KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations and TP53, SMAD4, and β‐catenin expression were analysed, and the results of molecular and clinicopathological profiles were compared between the two subtypes. KRAS mutations were identified in the oncocytic type, but less frequently than the pancreatobiliary type (17% versus 58%, p = 0.048). BRAF mutation was found in a single oncocytic tumour, and no PIK3CA mutations were seen in any of the study cohort. TP53 overexpression was less frequent in the oncocytic type than in the pancreatobiliary type (11% versus 58%, p = 0.013). Invasive components were present in 50% of the oncocytic and 92% of the pancreatobiliary types, with lymph node metastasis more frequently seen in the latter, corresponding to better outcomes in the former (5‐year survival rates: 93% versus 32%, p = 0.014). Our demonstration of KRAS and BRAF mutations in the oncocytic‐type IPMN supports a role for the activation of the RAS‐MAPK pathway in this tumour type. However, the less frequent TP53 overexpression associated with the significantly lower rates of invasion and nodal disease in the oncocytic type correlates with better outcomes compared to the pancreatobiliary type. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myd88 deficiency influences murine tracheal epithelial metaplasia and submucosal gland abundance
Authors: Giangreco Adam , Lu Liwen , Mazzatti Dawn J , Spencer‐Dene Bradley , Nye Emma , Teixeira Vitor Hugo , Janes Sam M 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTracheal epithelial remodelling, excess mucus production, and submucosal gland hyperplasia are features of numerous lung diseases, yet their origins remain poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested that NF‐κB signalling may regulate airway epithelial homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether deletion of the NF‐κB signalling pathway protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) influenced tracheal epithelial cell phenotype. We compared wild‐type and Myd88‐deficient or pharmacologically inhibited adult mouse tracheas and determined that in vivo Myd88 deletion resulted in increased submucosal gland number, secretory cell metaplasia, and excess mucus cell abundance. We also found that Myd88 was required for normal resolution after acute tracheal epithelial injury. Microarray analysis revealed that uninjured Myd88‐deficient tracheas contained 103 transcripts that were differentially expressed relative to wild‐type and all injured whole tracheal samples. These clustered into several ontologies and networks that are known to functionally influence epithelial cell phenotype. Comparing these transcripts to those expressed in airway progenitor cells revealed only five common genes, suggesting that Myd88 influences tracheal epithelial homeostasis through an extrinsic mechanism. Overall, this study represents the first identification of Myd88 as a regulator of adult tracheal epithelial cell phenotype. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
miR‐338‐3p suppresses invasion of liver cancer cell by targeting smoothened
Authors: Huang Xiao‐Hui , Chen Jing‐Song , Wang Qian , Chen Xi‐Lin , Wen Li , Chen Lian‐Zhou , Bi Jiong , Zhang Long‐Juan , Su Qiao , Zeng Wen‐Tao 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMicroRNAs are involved in human carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Our previous study has shown that loss of miR‐338‐3p expression is associated with clinical aggressiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the exact roles and mechanisms of miR‐338‐3p remain unknown in HCC. To determine whether and how miR‐338‐3p influences liver cancer cell invasion, we studied miR‐338‐3p in the liver cancer cell lines, and we found that miR‐338‐3p is down‐regulated in treated cells. Forced expression of miR‐338‐3p in SK‐HEP‐1 cells suppressed cell migration and invasion, whereas inhibition of miR‐338‐3p in SMMC‐7721 cells induced cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, smoothened (SMO) was identified as a direct target of miR‐338‐3p. Forced expression of miR‐338‐3p down‐regulated SMO and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 expression, but inhibition of miR‐338‐3p up‐regulated SMO and MMP9 expression. However, small interfering RNA targeted SMO reversed the effects induced by blockade of miR‐338‐3p. SMO and MMP9 were overexpressed and associated with invasion and metastasis in HCC tissues. These data indicate that miR‐338‐3p suppresses cell invasion by targeting the smoothened gene in liver cancer in vitro and miR‐338‐3p might be a novel potential strategy for liver cancer treatment. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
Authors: Geddis Amy E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCongenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) is clinically characterized by thrombocytopenia presenting at birth in a child without congenital or skeletal malformations, reduced or absent bone marrow megakaryocytes, and eventual progression to bone marrow failure. Molecular studies in most cases confirm homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the thrombopoietin receptor c‐Mpl. In addition to the clinical importance of recognizing this disorder, characterization of mutations identified in patients with CAMT has led to insights into thrombopoietin receptor structure and function. This review will summarize the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of CAMT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 199–203. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ADHD and secondary ADHD criteria fail to identify many at‐risk survivors of pediatric ALL and brain tumor
Authors: Kahalley Lisa S. , Conklin Heather M. , Tyc Vida L. , Wilson Stephanie J. , Hinds Pamela S. , Wu Shengjie , Xiong Xiaoping , Hudson Melissa M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundPost‐treatment attention problems experienced by pediatric cancer survivors have been described as similar to symptoms of Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experienced in physically healthy children. Accordingly, the objectives of this study were to: (a) estimate the rate of occurrence of ADHD and secondary ADHD (SADHD) in a sample of pediatric cancer survivors, (b) compare the rate of ADHD/SADHD among survivors to the prevalence of ADHD in the general population, and (c) examine clinical correlates of ADHD/SADHD in this sample.ProcedureSurvivors of pediatric ALL or brain tumor (n = 100) participated in an assessment of attention including a Computerized Performance Measure [Conners' Continuous Performance test‐II (CPT‐II)], parent and self‐report measures (Conners 3), and a structured diagnostic interview for ADHD and other psychological disorders [Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents‐IV (DICA‐IV)].ResultsBinomial tests revealed that the rate of ADHD/SADHD in our sample (9%) was significantly greater than the lower limits of ADHD prevalence among children in the US (3%; P < 0.001), while no difference was identified compared to the upper limits of ADHD prevalence (7%; P > 0.05). Many additional survivors (>25% of the sample) obtained clinical elevations on Conners 3 scales but did not meet ADHD/SADHD criteria.ConclusionsAttentional deficits experienced by pediatric cancer survivors do not appear to resemble the clinical presentation of ADHD or SADHD. Many survivors with cognitive and behavioral difficulties related to attention were not identified using this diagnostic approach. Findings offer needed clarification to guide researchers and clinicians in conceptualizing, assessing, and intervening on attentional late effects. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;57:110–118. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of chemotherapy on disseminated low‐grade glioma in children and adolescents: Report from the HIT‐LGG 1996 trial
Authors: von Hornstein Stephan , Kortmann Rolf‐D. , Pietsch Torsten , Emser Angela , Warmuth‐Metz Monika , Soerensen Niels , Straeter Ronald , Graf Norbert , Thieme Barbara , Gnekow Astrid K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundWe describe demographic data of disseminated childhood low‐grade glioma (DLGG) prospectively recruited in the HIT‐LGG 1996 study and evaluate the impact of primary chemotherapy (CT) on the outcome of these tumors, which have previously only been described in small and retrospective series.Patients and MethodsThe multicenter study HIT‐LGG 1996 accrued 1181 children and adolescents with low‐grade glioma. 61 patients (5.2%) had tumor dissemination, with 2.8% being present at diagnosis. Frequencies of dissemination for different subgroups were calculated. Efficiency of first‐line CT with vincristine/carboplatin was defined in 24 children with dissemination prior to first‐line non‐surgical‐treatment.ResultsIncidence of dissemination was high among infants (16%) with hypothalamic‐chiasmatic‐glioma (HCG) and diencephalic syndrome. A relevant percentage of HCG showed isolated spinal dissemination. CT achieved objective and overall response rates of 25% and 79% of the primary tumor and a similar response of disseminated lesions. Clinical stabilization or improvement could be achieved in the majority of patients during treatment. However, 20 of 24 patients experienced further progression and 5‐year PFS was 6%. Dissemination prior to CT was a negative prognostic factor for PFS within the study (P = 0.005).Overall‐survival of primary DLGG was inferior compared to LGG without dissemination at diagnosis (P < 0.001).ConclusionComplete MRI scan should be a standard diagnostic procedure in young children with hypothalamic‐chiasmatic tumors especially if presenting with diencephalic syndrome. Dissemination in childhood LGG relates to impaired PFS. CT delays progression for responders. Multicenter studies have to evaluate the efficacy of extended treatment strategies in DLGG to improve outcome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:1046–1054. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FondaKIDS: A prospective pharmacokinetic and safety study of fondaparinux in children between 1 and 18 years of age
Authors: Young Guy , Yee Donald L. , O'Brien Sarah H. , Khanna Rachna , Barbour April , Nugent Diane J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of thromboembolic disease is increasing in children. New anticoagulants have been licensed in adults and need to be studied in children. This report describes the first prospective study of fondaparinux in children.ProcedureThe purpose of the study was to determine the dosing, pharmacokinetics, and safety of fondaparinux in children with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Hospitalized children between 1 and 18 years of age with DVT or HIT received fondaparinux 0.1 mg/kg once daily. Fondaparinux‐based anti‐factor Xa levels were assessed at 2, 4, 12, and 24 hr following the first dose, and peak levels were measured twice weekly thereafter. Detailed pharmacokinetic analyses were performed.ResultsTwenty four subjects in 3 age cohorts were enrolled and completed the study. Pharmacokinetic modeling demonstrated that a once‐daily dose of fondaparinux at 0.1 mg/kg resulted in similar concentrations known to be efficacious in adults. Safety was demonstrated with only two bleeding events: one which may have pre‐dated study drug administration and one which led only to temporary discontinuation of study drug.ConclusionDosing of fondaparinux at 0.1 mg/kg once daily in children resulted in PK profiles comparable to those in adults receiving standard dosing. Fondaparinux can be considered an attractive alternative to LMWH given its once‐daily dosing, acceptable safety data, and other favorable properties. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 1049–1054. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health related quality of life in adolescent and young adult survivors of lower extremity bone tumors
Authors: Barrera Maru , Teall Tanya , Barr Ronald , Silva Mariana , Greenberg Mark 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundDramatic increases in survival rates have led to increased interest regarding the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of adolescent and young adult survivors of bone tumors. This study investigated HRQOL and physical disability in adolescent and young adult survivors of lower extremity bone tumors as a function of type of surgical intervention, gender, and age at assessment.ProcedureTwenty‐eight participants (age range 18–32 years) completed three generic and one disease‐specific measures of HRQOL and a measure of physical disability. For analysis, surgical intervention was grouped into limb sparing surgeries (LS; allograft fusion and endoprosthesis) and ablative surgeries (AMP; amputation or Van Nes rotationplasty). Age at study was grouped into ≤25 years of age and ≥26 years of age. The MOS‐SF‐36, HUI2, HUI3, and EORTC‐QLQ‐C30 were used to measure HRQOL and the TESS was used to assess physical disability.ResultsSurvivors reported HRQOL equivalent to the general population, with the exception of physical functioning. LS reported poorer HRQOL than AMP participants for emotional functioning and fatigue. Males reported better HRQOL compared with females for overall HRQOL, general health, physical functioning, and social functioning. Finally, younger participants generally reported better HRQOL than older participants for overall HRQOL and physical functioning.ConclusionsThis study identifies LS surgical intervention, female gender and older age as risk factors for reduced HRQOL in adolescent and young adult survivors of lower extremity bone tumors. This study also provides information about what instrument may be most useful in identifying these specific difficulties and subgroups. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 265–273. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Religious coping and the use of prayer in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Cotton Sian , Grossoehme Daniel , McGrady Meghan E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundWhile adolescents and adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) have reported using religion to cope with SCD, there is no data examining religious coping in young children with SCD. The purpose of this qualitative study was to: (1) describe the types of religious coping used by children with SCD; (2) describe the content and frequency of prayer used in relation to SCD; and (3) examine how children viewed God/Higher Power in relation to their SCD.ProcedureChildren with SCD participated in a semi‐structured interview and an art drawing exercise focused on the use of general coping and religious coping. Interviews were coded, organized, and analyzed using a template organizational style of interpretation and NVivo 8.0 qualitative software.ResultsOf the 19 participants, the average age was 8.05 years (SD ±1.81); 11 were female (58%); all (100%) were African‐American and 9 (47%) were Protestant. Children used religion to gain control, make meaning, and find comfort. Most children reported praying to get well, to keep from getting sick, and to get out of the hospital. Children described a functional God who made them take their medicine or took them to the hospital and an emotional God who made them happy and comforted them when they were sad or scared.ConclusionsThese children with SCD reported using religion to help cope with the illness. Providers should be aware of the importance of religion to many of these children and integrate religion, as appropriate, into discussions about coping with SCD. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 244–249. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.