bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“It's the Wild West Out There”: A Qualitative Study of the Views and Preparedness of Health Professionals in Helping Young Adult E-cigarette Users to Quit
Authors: Rahman Nicola , Sebar Bernadette , Sofija Ernesta 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Young adults (YA) are attempting to quit vaping, with many accessing smoking cessation programs with a lack of reported efficacy, highlighting the need for targeted vaping cessation support. Young people report seeing health professionals (HPs) as potential sources of support in the quitting process. Additionally, the current changing regulatory landscape around vaping in Australia potentially increases the number of those seeking health professional help for cessation. However, limited research exists on HPs’ views and preparedness to assist YA with their vaping cessation; thus, this exploratory study aimed to gain insights into their readiness to support YA in quitting vaping.

Aims and Methods
Data were gathered via eight co-design workshops (two groups each of two hours duration and six semi-structured interviews of 1-hour duration), facilitated online with 12 HPs. Data underwent thematic analysis.

Results
HPs expressed a need for more information in supporting YA to quit vaping, with them presently relying on informal pathways of support and information for their practice. Participants reported a lack of evidence-based guidelines and a reluctance to prescribe nicotine vapes, expressing conflict with the changing regulatory landscape in Australia.

Conclusions
Our findings identify a significant gap in health professional preparedness in supporting vaping cessation. HPs are working within a rapidly evolving regulatory environment and are feeling unprepared to address the widely spread issue of vaping, especially among young people. We demonstrate the critical need for guidelines and training of HPs to enable them to better support young people in quitting vaping.

Implications
This qualitative study offers unique insights into the views and readiness of Australian HPs to support young people to quit vaping, specifically in the context of recent regulatory reforms. The results highlight the need for evidence-based guidance and training for HPs to inform their vaping cessation support practice.
High-mass star formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud triggered by colliding H i flows
Authors: Tsuge Kisetsu , Sano Hidetoshi , Tachihara Kengo , Bekki Kenji , Tokuda Kazuki , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Mizuno Norikazu , Kawamura Akiko , Onishi Toshikazu , Fukui Yasuo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The galactic tidal interaction is a possible mechanism to trigger active star formation in galaxies. Recent analyses using H i data in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) proposed that the tidally driven H i flow, the L-component, is colliding with the LMC disk, the D-component, and is triggering high-mass star formation toward the active star-forming regions R136 and N44. In order to explore the role of the collision over the entire LMC disk, we investigated the I-component, the collision-compressed gas between the L- and D-components, over the LMC disk, and found that $74\%$ of the O/WR stars are located toward the I-component, suggesting their formation in the colliding gas. We compared four star-forming regions (R136, N44, N11, and the N77–N79–N83 complex). We found a positive correlation between the number of high-mass stars and the compressed gas pressure generated by collisions, suggesting that pressure may be a key parameter in star formation.
Ex vivo cell-based assay for assessment of response to TNF inhibitors in patients with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Gertel Smadar , Rokach May , Polachek Ari , Levartovsky David , Broyde Adi , Furer Victoria , Dovrat Tali Ofir , Wollman Jonathan , Pel Sara , Neufeld Yoram , Elkayam Ori 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
There are five TNF inhibitors (TNFis), whose structure and signalling differ. An individual patient with a rheumatic disease may respond to one TNFi but not to another. In addition, 30–40% of patients with rheumatic diseases may respond inadequately to TNFis. The downstream signalling of the various TNFis may determine their clinical efficacy. Several reports have shown that the different TNFis exhibited differential effects on Th17 cells. We analysed the effects of the various TNFis on IL-17A expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with rheumatic diseases, in order to evaluate the possibility of predicting responses in an ex vivo setting.

Methods
PBMCs were co-cultured with the various TNFis or medium (control), and IL-17A mRNA levels were analysed by quantitative PCR. IL-17A expression levels in response to four TNFis (not including certolizumab pegol) were compared with that of the control. The IL-17A expression level as determined by the assay was correlated with the clinical response. The assay sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing responders from non-responders was calculated by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results
The results of the assay for a retrospective cohort of patients with rheumatic diseases (n = 82) correlated with their therapeutic responses to the various TNFis with 89.5% accuracy. Our results indicated that the assay predicted the responses of a prospective cohort (n = 54) to specific TNFis with 79% accuracy.

Conclusion
This functional assay could assist in predicting the odds for response to TNFi therapy, indicating whether a given patient is likely to respond to a specific TNFi.
Reckoning with Responsibility: The Mesopotamia Commission into British Military Failings during a Moment of Imperial Transformation, 1916–19
Authors: Tudor Margot , Thomas Owen D , Pennell Catriona 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In August 1916, in the aftermath of significant defeats in the Middle Eastern theatre of the First World War, the British government faced a crisis of confidence in its military power. In Mesopotamia, it was under significant pressure to reckon with its perceived poor strategic decision-making and its treatment and resourcing of British troops. The Mesopotamia Commission was established to investigate and reassure the wider public that the same mistakes would not be made again. Scholarly explorations of the commission have focused on the commission’s report published in July 1917. But this neglects what came before: the construction, performance, and repercussions of the commission as it unfolded. This article undertakes a forensic archival analysis of the commission ‘in process’, revealing the political character of the commission—how it presented itself, the commissioner’s decision-making, and the intra-imperial conflicts it aggravated during the war itself—all while operating under (and benefitting from) an expert, impartial guise. This granular approach to inquiry analysis not only contributes to new understandings of British imperial politics during the First World War but also demonstrates that, as a selective process of knowledge production, the commission’s outcomes and impact went well beyond just a published report.
Testicular protective effects of hesperidin against chemical and biological toxicants
Authors: Yan Linyin , Wang Jia , Dai Decai , Zhang Yu , Li Yanqiang , Xiao Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Toxic agents can adversely impact the male reproductive system mainly via activating oxidative stress affecting the seminiferous epithelia, spermatogenesis, sperms, and the testis. Toxic agents lead to the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anions. ROS exert a cytotoxic effect and oxidative damage to nucleic acids, proteins, and membrane lipids. Hesperidin is a pharmacologically active phytoflavone abundantly occurring in citrus fruits, such as oranges and lemons. It has shown various pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, analgesic, antiviral, anti-coagulant, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic effects. Hesperidin has been found to exert protective effects against natural and chemical toxins-induced organ toxicity. Considerable evidence has implicated the testicular protective effects of hesperidin against the toxicological properties of pharmaceutical drugs as well as biological and chemical agents, and in the present review, we discussed, for the first time, the reported studies. The resultant data indicate that hesperidin can exert testicular protective effects through antioxidant properties.
The role of Nrf2 signaling pathways in nerve damage repair
Authors: Abdolmaleki Arash , Karimian Aida , Khoshnazar Seyedeh Mahdieh , Asadi Asadollah , Samarein Zahra Akhavi , Smail Shukur Wasman , Bhattacharya Deepak 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe protein, Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), is a transitory protein that acts as a transcription factor and is involved in the regulation of many cytoprotective genes linked to xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant responses. Based on the existing clinical and experimental data, it can be inferred that neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by an excessive presence of markers of oxidative stress (OS) and a reduced presence of antioxidant defense systems in both the brain and peripheral tissues. The presence of imbalances in the homeostasis between oxidants and antioxidants has been recognized as a substantial factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. The dysregulations include several cellular processes such as mitochondrial failure, protein misfolding, and neuroinflammation. These dysregulations all contribute to the disruption of proteostasis in neuronal cells, leading to their eventual mortality. A noteworthy component of Nrf2, as shown by recent research undertaken over the last decade, is to its role in the development of resistance to OS. Nrf2 plays a pivotal role in regulating systems that defend against OS. Extant research offers substantiation for the protective and defensive roles of Nrf2 in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the influence of Nrf2 on OS and its function in regulating antioxidant defense systems within the realm of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we evaluate the most recent academic inquiries and empirical evidence about the beneficial and potential role of certain Nrf2 activator compounds within the realm of therapeutic interventions.
Invasive electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with phase delay for experimental atherosclerosis phenotyping
Authors: Chen Michael , Neverova Natalia , Xu Shili , Suwannaphoom Krit , Lluri Gentian , Tamboline Mikayla , Duarte Sandra , Fishbein Michael C. , Luo Yuan , Packard René R. Sevag 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDistinguishing quiescent from rupture‐prone atherosclerotic lesions has significant translational and clinical implications. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterizes biological tissues by assessing impedance and phase delay responses to alternating current at multiple frequencies. We evaluated invasive 6‐point stretchable EIS sensors over a spectrum of experimental atherosclerosis and compared results with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), molecular positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and histology. Male New Zealand White rabbits (n = 16) were placed on a high‐fat diet, with or without endothelial denudation via balloon injury of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. Rabbits underwent in vivo micro‐PET imaging of the abdominal aorta with 68Ga‐DOTATATE, 18F‐NaF, and 18F‐FDG, followed by invasive interrogation via IVUS and EIS. Background signal‐corrected values of impedance and phase delay were determined. Abdominal aortic samples were collected for histology. Analyses were performed blindly. EIS impedance was associated with markers of plaque activity including macrophage infiltration (r = .813, p = .008) and macrophage/smooth muscle cell (SMC) ratio (r = .813, p = .026). Moreover, EIS phase delay correlated with anatomic markers of plaque burden, namely intima/media ratio (r = .883, p = .004) and %stenosis (r = .901, p = .002), similar to IVUS. 68Ga‐DOTATATE correlated with intimal macrophage infiltration (r = .861, p = .003) and macrophage/SMC ratio (r = .831, p = .021), 18F‐NaF with SMC infiltration (r = −.842, p = .018), and 18F‐FDG correlated with macrophage/SMC ratio (r = .787, p = .036). EIS with phase delay integrates key atherosclerosis features that otherwise require multiple complementary invasive and non‐invasive imaging approaches to capture. These findings indicate the potential of invasive EIS to comprehensively evaluate human coronary artery disease.
Characterization of the skeletal muscle arginine methylome in health and disease reveals remodeling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Wong Julian P. H. , Blazev Ronnie , Ng Yaan‐Kit , Goodman Craig A. , Montgomery Magdalene K. , Watt Kevin I. , Carl Christian S. , Watt Matthew J. , Voldstedlund Christian T. , Richter Erik A. , Crouch Peter J. , Steyn Frederik J. , Ngo Shyuan T. , Parker Benjamin L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArginine methylation is a protein posttranslational modification important for the development of skeletal muscle mass and function. Despite this, our understanding of the regulation of arginine methylation under settings of health and disease remains largely undefined. Here, we investigated the regulation of arginine methylation in skeletal muscles in response to exercise and hypertrophic growth, and in diseases involving metabolic dysfunction and atrophy. We report a limited regulation of arginine methylation under physiological settings that promote muscle health, such as during growth and acute exercise, nor in disease models of insulin resistance. In contrast, we saw a significant remodeling of asymmetric dimethylation in models of atrophy characterized by the loss of innervation, including in muscle biopsies from patients with myotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mass spectrometry‐based quantification of the proteome and asymmetric arginine dimethylome of skeletal muscle from individuals with ALS revealed the largest compendium of protein changes with the identification of 793 regulated proteins, and novel site‐specific changes in asymmetric dimethyl arginine (aDMA) of key sarcomeric and cytoskeletal proteins. Finally, we show that in vivo overexpression of PRMT1 and aDMA resulted in increased fatigue resistance and functional recovery in mice. Our study provides evidence for asymmetric dimethylation as a regulator of muscle pathophysiology and presents a valuable proteomics resource and rationale for numerous methylated and nonmethylated proteins, including PRMT1, to be pursued for therapeutic development in ALS.
Complexity and modification of the bull sperm glycocalyx during epididymal maturation
Authors: Sečová Petra , Hackerová Lenka , Horovská Ľubica , Michalková Katarína , Jankovičová Jana , Postlerová Pavla , Antalíková Jana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMammalian spermatozoa have a surface covered with glycocalyx, consisting of heterogeneous glycoproteins and glycolipids. This complexity arises from diverse monosaccharides, distinct linkages, various isomeric glycans, branching levels, and saccharide sequences. The glycocalyx is synthesized by spermatozoa developing in the testis, and its subsequent alterations during their transit through the epididymis are a critical process for the sperm acquisition of fertilizing ability. In this study, we performed detailed analysis of the glycocalyx on the sperm surface of bull spermatozoa in relation to individual parts of the epididymis using a wide range (24) of lectins with specific carbohydrate binding preferences. Fluorescence analysis of intact sperm isolated from the bull epididymides was complemented by Western blot detection of protein extracts from the sperm plasma membrane fractions. Our experimental results revealed predominant sequential modification of bull sperm glycans with N‐acetyllactosamine (LacNAc), followed by subsequent sialylation and fucosylation in a highly specific manner. Additionally, variations in the lectin detection on the sperm surface may indicate the acquisition or release of glycans or glycoproteins. Our study is the first to provide a complex analysis of the bull sperm glycocalyx modification during epididymal maturation.
Effects of Hemorrhagic Shock and Rhabdomyolysis on Renal Microcirculation, Oxygenation, and Function in a Female Swine Model
Authors: Bergis Benjamin , Laemmel Elisabeth , Laitselart Philippe , Isnard Pierre , Terzi Fabiola , Seguret Manon , Hejl Carine , Huertas Alice , Decante Benoit , Vicaut Eric , Duranteau Jacques , Harrois Anatole , Libert Nicolas 
Published: May 2024

Background
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) and rhabdomyolysis (RM) are two important risk factors for acute kidney injury after severe trauma; however, the effects of the combination of RM and HS on kidney function are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of RM and HS on renal function, oxygenation, perfusion, and morphology in a pig model.

Methods
Forty-seven female pigs were divided into five groups: sham, RM, HS, HS and moderate RM (RM4/HS), and HS and severe RM (RM8/HS). Rhabdomyolysis was induced by intramuscular injection of glycerol 50% with a moderate dose (4 ml/kg for the RM4/HS group) or a high dose (8 ml/kg for the RM and RM8/HS groups). Among animals with HS, after 90 min of hemorrhage, animals were resuscitated with fluid followed by transfusion of the withdrawn blood. Animals were followed for 48 h. Macro- and microcirculatory parameters measurements were performed.

Results
RM alone induced a decrease in creatinine clearance at 48 h (19 [0 to 41] vs. 102 [56 to 116] ml/min for RM and sham, respectively; P = 0.0006) without alteration in renal perfusion and oxygenation. Hemorrhagic shock alone impaired temporarily renal microcirculation, function, and oxygenation that were restored with fluid resuscitation. The RM4/HS and RM8/HS groups induced greater impairment of renal microcirculation and function than HS alone at the end of blood spoliation that was not improved by fluid resuscitation. Mortality was increased in the RM8/HS and RM4/HS groups in the first 48 h (73% vs. 56% vs. 9% for the RM8/HS, RM4/HS, and HS groups, respectively).

Conclusions
The combination of HS and RM induced an early deleterious effect on renal microcirculation, function, and oxygenation with decreased response to resuscitation and transfusion compared with HS or RM alone.

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Prediction of Readmission Following Sepsis Using Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Amrollahi Fatemeh , Kennis Brent D. , Shashikumar Supreeth Prajwal , Malhotra Atul , Taylor Stephanie Parks , Ford James , Rodriguez Arianna , Weston Julia , Maheshwary Romir , Nemati Shamim , Wardi Gabriel , Meier Angela 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the predictive value of social determinants of health (SDoH) variables on 30-day readmission following a sepsis hospitalization as compared with traditional clinical variables.

DESIGN:
Multicenter retrospective cohort study using patient-level data, including demographic, clinical, and survey data.

SETTINGS:
Thirty-five hospitals across the United States from 2017 to 2021.

PATIENTS:
Two hundred seventy-one thousand four hundred twenty-eight individuals in the AllofUs initiative, of which 8909 had an index sepsis hospitalization.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Unplanned 30-day readmission to the hospital. Multinomial logistic regression models were constructed to account for survival in determination of variables associate with 30-day readmission and are presented as adjusted odds rations (aORs). Of the 8909 sepsis patients in our cohort, 21% had an unplanned hospital readmission within 30 days. Median age (interquartile range) was 54 years (41–65 yr), 4762 (53.4%) were female, and there were self-reported 1612 (18.09%) Black, 2271 (25.49%) Hispanic, and 4642 (52.1%) White individuals. In multinomial logistic regression models accounting for survival, we identified that change to nonphysician provider type due to economic reasons (aOR, 2.55 [2.35–2.74]), delay of receiving medical care due to lack of transportation (aOR, 1.68 [1.62–1.74]), and inability to afford flow-up care (aOR, 1.59 [1.52–1.66]) were strongly and independently associated with a 30-day readmission when adjusting for survival. Patients who lived in a ZIP code with a high percentage of patients in poverty and without health insurance were also more likely to be readmitted within 30 days (aOR, 1.26 [1.22–1.29] and aOR, 1.28 [1.26–1.29], respectively). Finally, we found that having a primary care provider and health insurance were associated with low odds of an unplanned 30-day readmission.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this multicenter retrospective cohort, several SDoH variables were strongly associated with unplanned 30-day readmission. Models predicting readmission following sepsis hospitalization may benefit from the addition of SDoH factors to traditional clinical variables.
Mild Allergic Reactions after Botulinum Toxin Injection: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Li Yingzi , Zheng Qiaoyuan , Lin Jinhao , Su Xueshang , Zhuang Jun , Wei Qingqian , Hu Jintian 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is becoming more and more prevalent as an injection agent in cosmetic surgery. However, there is an increasing amount of cases reporting unexpected adverse reactions related to BTA injection. BTA can invoke many kinds of hypersensitive reactions, some of which can be delayed-type or even fatal; hence, it is of crucial importance to pay close attention to atypical and early symptoms that may indicate the presence of BTA allergy in patients.

Methods:
In this study, we reported three cases of mild and unexpected BTA-related hypersensitive reaction with a symptom of nonpruritic erythema on the chest that happened after BTA treatment of upper facial wrinkles and proposed several suggestions based on our practical experience and literature review.

Results:
Two patients’ symptoms were alleviated spontaneously, and one patient’s were alleviated after taking oral corticosteroid. According to our literature review, we believe that these incidences indicate a kind of unreported allergic reaction relevant to botulinum toxin.

Conclusions:
We suggest clinicians consider warily patients’ subsequent BTA injection schedule if any suspicious reaction occurs after treatment. We suggest that patients who experience nonpruritic erythema after botulinum toxin injection should suspend subsequent injection plans for at least 3 months to prevent more severe consequences.