bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the ethmoidal structures of the endocranium in Discoglossus pictus (Anura: Discoglossidae)
Authors: Královec Karel , Roček Zbyněk , Žáková, Pavla , Mužáková Vladimíra 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe use histological techniques and computer‐aided three‐dimensional reconstructions made from serial histological sections to describe the ontogeny of the ethmoidal endocranium of discoglossid frog Discoglossus pictus. We identify a pattern of development for the suprarostral cartilage that differs from previous findings and probably represents the ancestral anuran pattern. The nasal cartilages, including the inferior prenasal cartilage, are de novo adult structures. The only larva‐derived structures of the adult nasal capsules are the posterior aspects of the solum nasi and septum nasi. We also identify patterns of development for the ethmoid plate and postnasal wall that occur during early in ontogenesis. These patterns are associated with development events during metamorphic climax. The pattern of timing of chondrification of the anterior nasal cartilages more closely coincides with that of the neobatrachian species than that recorded for the pelobatid frog Spea. In addition, this study supports a sister taxon relationship between Discoglossus and Alytes. J. Morphol. 271:1078‐1093, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intra‐articular injections of bone morphogenetic protein‐7 retard progression of existing cartilage degeneration
Authors: Hayashi Masaya , Muneta Takeshi , Takahashi Toru , Ju Young‐Jin , Tsuji Kunikazu , Sekiya Ichiro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe investigated the effect of weekly intra‐articular injections of bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) on prevention of progression of existing cartilage degeneration in an osteoarthritis model in rabbits. An anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model was used to create a progressive osteoarthritis model. BMP‐7 was intra‐articular injected weekly into the right knee and PBS into the left knee from 4 weeks after ACLT. Both sides of the knees were compared macroscopically, histologically, immunohistochemically, and by micro CT. Macroscopically, fibrillation in the femoral condyle was observed 4 weeks after ACLT. In the control knees, cartilage degeneration further progressed throughout the 12‐week period. In the BMP‐7 treated knee, osteoarthritis progression was milder than in the control knees. Histologically, safranin‐O staining was decreased in the surgical knees at 4 weeks. Obvious erosions in both medial and lateral condyles were revealed in the control knees at 12 weeks, while cartilage matrix was predominantly retained in the BMP‐7 treated knees. The macroscopic and microscopic OA score in the BMP‐7 treated knee was better than that in the control in each rabbit. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that both type II collagen and BMP‐7 were more expressed in cartilage treated with BMP‐7. Micro CT analysis showed that osteophytes were smaller in the BMP‐7 treated knee compared to that of the control. Weekly intra‐articular injections of BMP‐7 inhibited progression of existing cartilage degeneration. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1502–1506, 2010
Effect of core suture technique and type on the gliding resistance during cyclic motion following flexor tendon repair: A cadaveric study
Authors: Moriya Tamami , Zhao Chunfeng , Yamashita Toshihiko , An Kai‐Nan , Amadio Peter C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe investigated the effects of two suture techniques using three suture types in a human model in vitro. We obtained 60 flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons from cadavers and measured the gliding resistance during 1,000 cycles of simulated flexion–extension motion and load to failure of six groups: the modified Kessler (MK) repair using 3‐0 coated, braided polyester (Ethibond, Ethicon, Somerville, NJ), 3‐0 coated, braided polyester/monofilament polyethylene composite (FiberWire®; Arthrex, Naples, FL), or 4‐0 FiberWire; and the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) repair using 3‐0 Ethibond, 3‐0 FiberWire, or 4‐0 FiberWire. The 3‐0 Ethibond MGH suture had significantly higher ultimate load to failure than the 3‐0 or 4‐0 FiberWire MK suture. The 3‐0 and 4‐0 FiberWire MGH sutures had significantly higher load to failure than the three MK groups. The gliding resistances of the three MGH groups were significantly higher than that of the three corresponding MK groups. The MGH repair had more gliding resistance than an MK repair, even when comparing large diameter suture in the MK repair with smaller diameter suture in the MGH repair. In this study, suture technique was more important in predicting repair load to failure and gliding resistance than the nature or caliber of the suture material that was used. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1475–1481, 2010
The effect of spectral resolution on the Raman spectra of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and beta‐carotene mixtures
Authors: Alajtal A. I. , Edwards H. G. M. , Scowen I. J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe spectroscopic basis for extraterrestrial life‐detection through the molecular signatures of relevant biomaterials is dependent upon several instrumental facilities which could effect the diagnostic interpretation of key Raman bands from relevant substances occurring together in the geological record. To this effect, the Raman spectra of several polyaromatic hydrocarbons have been investigated under different conditions of spectral resolution using FT‐Raman‐spectroscopy operating at 1064 nm laser excitation wavelength. The observed Raman spectra are considerably altered under different conditions of spectral resolution; in particular, the discrimination between several polyaromatic hydrocarbons and beta‐carotene no longer becomes possible as the spectral resolution decreases. These results are relevant for the evaluation of miniaturised Raman spectrometers for space flight missions and incorporation into instrumentation for landers and rovers being proposed for future missions to Mars. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of PDMS‐, PVP‐, and PS‐Containing ABCBA Pentablock Copolymers
Authors: Pavlović Dražen , Linhardt Jeffrey G. , Künzler Jay F. , Shipp Devon A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAmphiphilic ABCBA pentablock copolymers based on PVP, PS, and PDMS were synthesized using a combination of ATRP and RAFT polymerizations. The PVP‐block‐PS‐block‐PDMS‐block‐PS‐block‐PVP pentablock copolymer was characterized using a variety of chromatography and spectroscopic methods which showed that a high degree of end group and molecular weight control can be achieved. Preliminary analysis of the aqueous solution behavior of the pentablock copolymer showed that it self‐assembles in water in order to shield the PDMS and PS segments from the water.magnified image
Polymeric Squaraine Dyes as Electron Donors in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Völker Sebastian F. , Uemura Shinobu , Limpinsel Moritz , Mingebach Markus , Deibel Carsten , Dyakonov Vladimir , Lambert Christoph 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA polysquaraine low‐band‐gap polymer was synthesized by Yamamoto coupling of a monomeric dibromoindolenine squaraine dye. The resulting polymer has $\overline M _{\rm w} $ ≈ 34 000 and PDI ≈ 1.7. The electronic properties of monomer and polymer were investigated by CV, absorption, and emission spectroscopy. Bulk heterojunction solar cells were prepared from blends of the polysquaraine with the fullerene derivative PCBM in different weight ratios (1:3 to 1:1). The power conversion efficiencies under simulated AM1.5 conditions yielded 0.45% for these non‐optimized systems. The EQE shows that the photoresponse spans the range from 300 to 850 nm, which illustrates the promising properties of this novel organic semiconductor as a low band gap donor material in organic photovoltaics.magnified image
Emergent conditions and multiple criteria analysis in infrastructure prioritization for developing countries
Authors: Karvetski Christopher W. , Lambert James H. , Linkov Igor 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWith coordinated military and civil operations in developing countries, the integration of local stakeholder values with the goals of security and nation building is crucial. Such integration encourages innovative and effective courses of action and prioritization of resources. Although tools of multi‐criteria decision analysis are well suited for resource prioritization, designing practical stakeholder value judgment elicitation in developing countries is a challenge because of cultural, organizational, and other barriers. Specifically, the weight of individual decision criteria can increase or decrease when diverse scenarios of emergent conditions are introduced or advocated by various stakeholders. This article develops methodology to identify the most important emergent conditions for infrastructure planning among a set of scenarios involving military and civil stakeholders. Across the infrastructure development alternatives, we identify scenarios that represent opportunities and those that represent threats. We adapt the framework of the swing weighting method for recalibration of a baseline value function with a variety of assumptions of scenarios, where each scenario is composed of one or more emergent conditions. The approach reduces the typical demand on stakeholders for elicitation of preference weights, as the entire value function is not entirely reconstructed per scenario. The approach and methodology were tested in a strategy workshop with more than 50 international participants and presented to ministry officials in a developing country. The testing integrated political, economic, environmental, and technology emergent conditions for prioritizing among infrastructure projects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exercise intolerance due to cytochrome b mutation
Authors: Massie Rami , Wong Lee‐Jun C. , Milone Margherita 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCytochrome b mutations are rare causes of exercise intolerance. We report an 18‐year‐old man with exercise intolerance since childhood, resting lactic acidosis, cytochrome c oxidase (COX)‐positive ragged‐red fibers, and isolated muscle complex III deficiency due to a heteroplasmic m.14849T>C mutation in cytochrome
b. We review previously described patients carrying mutations in the same gene. COX‐positive ragged‐red fibers together with exercise intolerance and lactic acidemia provide a clue for the diagnosis of this rare mitochondrial disorder. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Endurance exercise training in myostatin null mice
Authors: Savage Kathleen J. , McPherron Alexandra C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe growth factor myostatin (Mstn) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. Mstn−/− muscles are hypertrophied, stronger, and more glycolytic than Mstn+/+ muscles, suggesting that they might not perform endurance exercise as well as Mstn+/+ mice. Indeed, it has previously been shown that treadmill exercise training reduces triceps weight in Mstn−/− mice. To analyze the response of Mstn−/− muscle to endurance exercise in detail, we carried out endurance training over 4 weeks to examine muscle mass, histology, and oxidative enzyme activity. We found that muscle mass was reduced with training in several muscles from both genotypes, with no evidence of muscle damage. Citrate synthase activity was increased with training in control and mutant mice. Non‐trained Mstn−/− mice did, however, have lower maximal exercise capacity compared with Mstn+/+ mice. These results show that Mstn−/− muscle retains the metabolic plasticity necessary to adapt normally to endurance training. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Hypoglossal nerve conduction findings in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Ramchandren Sindhu , Gruis Kirsten L. , Chervin Ronald D. , Lisabeth Lynda D. , Concannon Maryann , Wolfe James , Albers James W. , Brown Devin L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDenervation of oropharyngeal muscles in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been suggested by needle electromyography (EMG) and muscle biopsy, but little is known about oropharyngeal nerve conduction abnormalities in OSA. We sought to compare hypoglossal nerve conduction studies in patients with and without OSA. Unilateral hypoglossal nerve conduction studies were performed on 20 subjects with OSA and 20 age‐matched controls using standard techniques. Median age was 48 years in OSA subjects and 47 years in controls. Hypoglossal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes were significantly reduced (P = 0.01, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test), but prolongation of latencies in OSA subjects did not reach significance in comparison to those of controls. Among a subgroup of subjects without polyneuropathy (15 pairs), reduced amplitudes in OSA subjects retained borderline significance (P = 0.05). Hypoglossal nerve conduction abnormalities may distinguish patients with OSA from controls. These abnormalities could potentially contribute to, or arise from, OSA. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Normal estimation on manifolds by gradient learning
Authors: Shi Lei , Zhou Ding‐Xuan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNormal estimation is an important topic for processing point cloud data and surface reconstruction in computer graphics. In this paper we consider the problem of estimating normals for a (unknown) submanifold of a Euclidean space of codimension 1 from random points on the manifold. We propose a kernel‐based learning algorithm in an unsupervised form of gradient learning. The algorithm can be implemented by solving a linear algebra problem. Error analysis is conducted under conditions on the true normals of the manifold and the sampling distribution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on the feasibility of recycled polystyrene doped with NLO active meta‐Nitroaniline for optoelectronics applications
Authors: Sureshkumar M.S. , Goyal R.K. , Negi Y.S. , Pratheepkumar A. , Reddy K. Raghunatha , Singh R.P. , Dadge J.W. , Aiyer R.C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA Guest–Host system based on meta‐Nitroaniline (m‐NA) and recycled polystyrene (RPS) susceptible to generate nonlinear optically (NLO) active property such as second harmonic generation (SHG) has been prepared. Pure, sublimed, optical grade, crystalline m‐NA is used as a guest and RPS from the disposable packaging waste as available utilized as the host polymer. In this paper we report the effect of NLO active m‐NA on the bulk and optical properties of RPS. The purified m‐NA was incorporated from 1–10 wt% in the RPS polymer matrix by conventional solution casting method. Thin, transparent, freestanding films obtained were characterized with optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), viscosity measurement, and UV–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy for bulk properties evaluation and Nd:YAG laser studies for optoelectronics application such as SHG through frequency doubling. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Origin and evolution of somatic cell testicular tumours in transgenic mice
Authors: Quintana Silvina , Venara Marcela , Rey Rodolfo , di Clemente Nathalie , Chemes Héctor E 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTransgenic mice bearing a construct in which the expression of the SV40 oncogene is directed by the AMH promoter (AT mice) develop testicular tumours in adult life. We aimed to study early steps of tumour development and characterize tumours at different ages by histological, morphometric, and immunohistochemical techniques. One‐ to 3‐month‐old AT mice depicted multifocal Leydig cell hyperplasia. The testicular volume occupied by interstitial tissue was significantly higher in 3‐month‐old AT mice in comparison with littermate controls. Between 5 1/2 and 7 months, microscopic interstitial tumours developed that progressively evolved to form large confluent areas of high mitotic index in 7‐ to 14‐month‐old AT mice. Tumour cells had the characteristics and histoarchitecture of Leydig cells, or formed solid cord‐like structures reminiscent of those seen in Sertoli cell tumours. Hyperplastic areas and tumours diffusely expressed 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) in Leydig cell areas. AMH expression was negative in Leydig cell conglomerates and tumours and variable in cord‐like tumours. The SV40 T antigen and markers of cell proliferation (PCNA) were intensely positive in hyperplastic cells and tumours. Control mice of similar ages showed neither hyperplasia nor tumours, and SV40 T expression was always negative. In conclusion, transgenic mice develop large testicular tumours that are preceded by interstitial hyperplasia and microtumours. The histological and immunohistochemical phenotype of tumours (Leydig and Sertoli cell differentiation, positive 3β‐HSD, and variable AMH) suggests a mixed differentiation of somatic cells of the specialized gonadal stroma. The finding that an oncogene directed by a promoter specifically active in fetal Sertoli cells has given rise to testicular tumours of mixed differentiation is compatible with a common origin of Leydig and Sertoli cells from the specific stroma of the gonadal ridge, as supported by double labelling experiments in fetal mice showing co‐localization of the transgene with Sertoli and Leydig cell markers. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep patterns in pediatric sickle cell disease
Authors: Daniel Lauren C. , Grant Mitzie , Kothare Sanjeev V. , Dampier Carlton , Barakat Lamia P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundResearch examining sleep in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) has focused on the increased occurrence of specific sleep disorders (i.e., sleep‐disordered breathing, hypoxemia, nocturnal enuresis), but no research exists describing general sleep behaviors of children with SCD. The purpose of the current study was to compare sleep patterns and sleep behaviors in children with SCD and healthy controls and examine the associations of demographic and disease factors with sleep in the SCD group.ProcedureThe Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire was completed by parents of 4‐ to 10‐year‐old children with SCD (n = 54) and children attending well‐care clinics in the same urban hospital (n = 52). Within the SCD group, demographic and disease factors [i.e., genotype, healthcare utilization, SCD complications, and socioeconomic status (SES)] were determined by medical chart review.ResultsParents of children with SCD reported significantly more behaviors associated with night waking and sleep‐disordered breathing than the control group. Within the SCD group, parasomnias were related to SES, enuresis, more severe genotypes, SCD complications, and healthcare utilization. Sleep‐disordered breathing was also related to SES, enuresis, and SCD complications.ConclusionsResults indicate the importance of routinely assessing sleep in children with SCD as they are more likely to exhibit disrupted sleep than children with similar demographic backgrounds. Given significantly higher rates of parent reported sleep‐disordered breathing and night waking in this population, it is important to consider interventions to minimize disruptions to overnight sleep and improve daytime functioning for quality of life in children with SCD. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:501–507. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biosimilars: pharmacovigilance and risk management
Authors: Zuñiga Leyre , Calvo Begoña 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBiosimilars cannot be authorised based on the same requirements that apply to generic medicines. Despite the fact that the biosimilar and reference drug can show similar efficacy, the biosimilar may exhibit different safety profile in terms of nature, seriousness or incidence of adverse reactions. However, the data from pre‐authorisation clinical studies normally are insufficient to identify all potential differences. Therefore, clinical safety of similar biological medicinal products must be monitored closely on an ongoing basis during the post‐approval phase including continued risk–benefit assessment.The biosimilar applicant must provide the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) with a risk management plan (EU‐RMP) and pharmacovigilance programme with its application, including a description of the potential safety issues associated with the similar biological medicinal product that may be a result of differences in the manufacturing process from the reference biologic. The most critical safety concern relating to biopharmaceuticals (including biosimilars) is immunogenicity.Risk management applies scientifically based methodologies to identify, assess, communicate and minimise risk throughout a drug's life cycle so as to establish and maintain a favourable benefit–risk profile in patients. The risk management plan for biosimilars should focus on heightens the pharmacovigilance measures, identify immunogenicity risk and implement special post‐marketing surveillance.Although International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) served as a useful tool in worldwide pharmacovigilance, for biologicals they should not be relied upon as the only means of product identification. Biologicals should always be commercialised with a brand name or the INN plus the manufacturer's name. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of binary polymer/surfactant or ternary polymer/surfactant/Cu2+ complexes in aqueous solution through Nile red probing
Authors: Iatridi Zacharoula , Daktiloudis Aris , Bokias Georgios 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe optical properties (absorption and emission) of Nile red have been widely used for staining or probing purposes in diverse aqueous systems. However, the applications of Nile red for the determination of the critical aggregation concentration of polymer/surfactant complexes or for the investigation of ternary polymer/surfactant/Cu2+ systems are very limited. The interactions between anionic polyelectrolytes and the oppositely charged surfactant N,N,N,N‐dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride were investigated in dilute aqueous solution, exploiting the optical properties of Nile red. It is shown that the emission properties of Nile red present better sensitivity than its absorption properties, concerning the detection of the hydrophobic polymer/surfactant complexes formed in aqueous solution. Moreover, it is found that the formation of ternary polymer/surfactant/Cu2+ complexes leads to a pronounced quenching of the luminescence of Nile red. The corresponding Stern–Volmer plots indicate that quenching is more favourable when coordination of Cu2+ ions with poly(sodium acrylate) takes place, as compared to simple electrostatic binding of these ions with poly(sodium styrene sulfonate). Nile red is a sensitive and accurate tool, as an alternative to pyrene, for the characterization of binary polymer/surfactant complexes or for obtaining information on the local arrangement of ternary polymer/surfactant/Cu2+ systems in aqueous solution. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry