bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional and Symptom Impacts of Pediatric Head and Neck Lymphatic Malformations
Authors: Balakrishnan Karthik , Edwards Todd C. , Perkins Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveLymphatic malformations cause significant symptoms and functional deficits. Patients seek care for functional and symptomatic effects of their disease, but current disease burden and treatment outcome measures focus primarily on anatomy and histopathology. The authors describe disease impacts reported by patients and parents as a step toward more comprehensive disease burden assessments.Study DesignCross‐sectional.SettingChildren’s hospital vascular anomaly clinic.Subjects and MethodsParticipants were recruited through a pediatric vascular anomaly clinic. A panel of senior pediatric otolaryngologists and an outcomes scientist developed interview questions based on clinical and research experience and available literature. The outcomes scientist conducted parent and adolescent interviews. The panel reviewed responses to define relevant items within functional domains. Participants rated impact on daily life for each domain.ResultsThirty‐one participants represented all 5 de Serres stages (mean [SD] age, 9 [6] years; n = 11 adolescents and 20 parents). Adolescents reported frequent sickness as the domain with greatest impact. Sleep was more affected in adolescents with higher stage lesions. Parents of younger children reported greatest impact on breastfeeding. For adolescents, lesion stage predicted perceived social stigma (controlling for age), whereas increasing age was associated with greater impact from swelling (controlling for stage). For parents, stage predicted breastfeeding impact (controlling for stage).ConclusionThis is the first detailed assessment of patient‐ and parent‐reported functional and symptomatic impacts of head and neck lymphatic malformations. Both adolescent patients and parents of younger children reported significant symptom and functional effects of this disease.
Breastfeeding Knowledge, Attitudes, Prior Exposure, and Intent among Undergraduate Students
Authors: Kavanagh Katherine F. , Lou Zixin , Nicklas Jennifer C. , Habibi Mona F. , Murphy Lee T. 
Published: June 2012

Background: Understanding breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and exposures among nonpregnant youth who are likely to be future parents may provide significant pathways to successfully increasing breastfeeding as the normal, accepted way of feeding infants. However, based on a recent review of the literature, only 3 studies have assessed these factors in nonpregnant, young adults in the United States in the past 10 years. Objective: The objective of this study was to gather more recent data regarding breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and prior exposure among undergraduate university students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey, conducted in November 2010. A convenience sample, consisting of undergraduates in attendance in 2 sections of an introductory nutrition class at a large research university, was used for this project (N = 248). Results: Breastfeeding knowledge was relatively good. However, overall breastfeeding attitudes were more neutral, which appeared to be explained by the belief that breastfeeding is painful, restrictive, and inconvenient, both in general and specifically for the working mother. Though support for breastfeeding in public was low, men were significantly less likely than women to believe it to be embarrassing or unacceptable. In addition, breastfeeding attitudes were more positive among older students and those who were breastfed as infants. Those who were breastfed as infants were also significantly more likely to intend to breastfeed future children. Conclusions: Though this sample indicates good breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes were more neutral, and support for breastfeeding in public appears low. This finding is contradictory and warrants further exploration.
Establishing the Baby-Friendly Community Initiative in Italy
Authors: Bettinelli Maria Enrica , Chapin Elise M. , Cattaneo Adriano 
Published: June 2012

Background: The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), developed by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) to promote breastfeeding in maternity facilities worldwide, has had a global impact on breastfeeding outcomes, but other interventions are needed both before and after hospital discharge to meet the recommended targets at 6 months. The Baby-Friendly Community Initiative (BFCI), a multifaceted program for community-based breastfeeding promotion that is complementary to the BFHI, addresses this challenge. Objective: To describe the development, strategy, and implementation of the BFCI in Italy. Methods: In 2006, UNICEF Italy created a working group to develop the BFCI for the Italian health system. A review of the different BFCI models worldwide was conducted. A preliminary adaptation of tools to Italian community health care settings was developed in 2007, when the Italian BFCI Seven Steps were published. Two years later, UNICEF Italy launched the Standards for Best Practice for both hospitals and communities, based on 2009 BFHI and UNICEF UK BFCI materials. Outcomes: The main outcome was to promote this process in Italian regional health systems and develop tools to assess compliance with the BFCI criteria. There is now one fully accredited Baby-Friendly Community in Italy, and 17 other communities are working on the various stages. Conclusions: The BFCI, a complex program that involves participation, training, audits, a continuous flow of feedback, and provision of resources for health workers and families, is now a reality in Italy.
A Medical–Surgical Nurse’s Perceptions of Caring for a Person With Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Zolnierek Cindy Diamond , Clingerman Evelyn M. 
Published: June 2012

Background: When hospitalized for medical conditions, many people with severe mental illness (SMI) have poor outcomes, yet little is known about contributing factors. Studies exploring the care experience from nurses’ perspectives described care processes as “difficult.” None of these studies were conducted in the United States, and sociocultural contexts significantly affect perceptions of SMI. Objective: The purpose of this inquiry was to explore a medical–surgical nurse’s perceptions of caring for a hospitalized person with SMI in the United States. Design: A qualitative, descriptive case study was used. RESULTS: The nurse’s experience was characterized by categories of tension, discomfort, lack of professional satisfaction, and difficult. Conclusions: This case study revealed a negative care experience, similar to conclusions of investigations conducted in other countries. Understanding of nurses’ care experiences can inform efforts to improve practice environments, provide resources, or develop models of care that support nurses who care for patients with SMI and improve health outcomes for people with SMI.
Does size matter in platelet production?
Authors: Thon Jonathan N. , Italiano Joseph E. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPlatelet (PLT) production represents the final stage of megakaryocyte (MK) development. During differentiation, bone marrow MKs extend and release long, branched proPLTs into sinusoidal blood vessels, which undergo repeated abscissions to yield circulating PLTs. Circular-prePLTs are dynamic intermediate structures in this sequence that have the capacity to reversibly convert into barbell-proPLTs and may be related to “young PLTs” and “large PLTs” of both inherited and acquired macrothrombocytopenias. Conversion is regulated by the diameter and thickness of the peripheral microtubule coil, and PLTs are capable of enlarging in culture to generate barbell-proPLTs that divide to yield 2 smaller PLT products. Because PLT number and size are inversely proportional, this raises the question: do macrothrombocytopenias represent a failure in the intermediate stages of PLT production? This review aims to bring together and contextualize our current understanding of terminal PLT production against the backdrop of human macrothrombocytopenias to establish how “large PLTs” observed in both conditions are similar, how they are different, and what they can teach us about PLT formation. A better understanding of the cytoskeletal mechanisms that regulate PLT formation and determine PLT size offers the promise of improved therapies for clinical disorders of PLT production and an important source of PLTs for infusion.
Single copy nuclear gene analysis of polyploidy in wild potatoes (Solanum section Petota)
Authors: Cai Danying , Rodríguez Flor , Teng Yuanwen , Ané Cécile , Bonierbale Meredith , Mueller Lukas A , Spooner David M 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
Recent genomic studies have drastically altered our knowledge of polyploid evolution. Wild potatoes (Solanum section Petota) are a highly diverse and economically important group of about 100 species widely distributed throughout the Americas. Thirty-six percent of the species in section Petota are polyploid or with diploid and polyploid cytotypes. However, the group is poorly understood at the genomic level and the series is ideal to study polyploid evolution. Two separate studies using the nuclear orthologs GBSSI and nitrate reductase confirmed prior hypotheses of polyploid origins in potato and have shown new origins not proposed before. These studies have been limited, however, by the use of few accessions per polyploid species and by low taxonomic resolution, providing clade-specific, but not species-specific origins within clades. The purpose of the present study is to use six nuclear orthologs, within 54 accessions of 11 polyploid species, 34 accessions of 29 diploid species of section Petota representing their putative progenitors, and two outgroups, to see if phenomena typical of other polyploid groups occur within wild potatoes, to include multiple origins, loss of alleles, or gain of new alleles.

Results
Our results increase resolution within clades, giving better ideas of diploid progenitors, and show unexpected complexity of allele sharing within clades. While some species have little diversity among accessions and concur with the GBSSI and nitrate reductase results, such as S. agrimonifolium, S. colombianum, S. hjertingii, and S. moscopanum, the results give much better resolution of species-specific progenitors. Seven other species, however, show variant patterns of allele distributions suggesting multiple origins and allele loss. Complex three-genome origins are supported for S. hougasii, and S. schenckii, and one of the ten accessions of S. stoloniferum. A very unexpected shared presence of alleles occurs within one clade of S. verrucosum from Central America, and S. berthaultii from South America in six polyploid species S. demissum, S. hjertingii, S. hougasii, S. iopetalum, S. schenckii, and S. stoloniferum.

Conclusions
Our results document considerable genomic complexity of some wild potato polyploids. These can be explained by multiple hybrid origins and allele losses that provide a clear biological explanation for the taxonomic complexity in wild potato polyploids. These results are of theoretical and practical benefit to potato breeders, and add to a growing body of evidence showing considerable complexity in polyploid plants in general.
Neural activity associated with self-reflection
Authors: Herwig Uwe , Kaffenberger Tina , Schell Caroline , Jäncke Lutz , Brühl Annette B 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
Self-referential cognitions are important for self-monitoring and self-regulation. Previous studies have addressed the neural correlates of self-referential processes in response to or related to external stimuli. We here investigated brain activity associated with a short, exclusively mental process of self-reflection in the absence of external stimuli or behavioural requirements. Healthy subjects reflected either on themselves, a personally known or an unknown person during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The reflection period was initialized by a cue and followed by photographs of the respective persons (perception of pictures of oneself or the other person).

Results
Self-reflection, compared with reflecting on the other persons and to a major part also compared with perceiving photographs of one-self, was associated with more prominent dorsomedial and lateral prefrontal, insular, anterior and posterior cingulate activations. Whereas some of these areas showed activity in the “other”-conditions as well, self-selective characteristics were revealed in right dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortex for self-reflection; in anterior cingulate cortex for self-perception and in the left inferior parietal lobe for self-reflection and -perception.

Conclusions
Altogether, cingulate, medial and lateral prefrontal, insular and inferior parietal regions show relevance for self-related cognitions, with in part self-specificity in terms of comparison with the known-, unknown- and perception-conditions. Notably, the results are obtained here without behavioural response supporting the reliability of this methodological approach of applying a solely mental intervention. We suggest considering the reported structures when investigating psychopathologically affected self-related processing.
Polyhexamethylene biguanide functionalized cationic silver nanoparticles for enhanced antimicrobial activity
Authors: Ashraf Sumaira , Akhtar Nasrin , Ghauri Muhammad Afzal , Rajoka Muhammad Ibrahim , Khalid Zafar M , Hussain Irshad 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), a broad spectrum disinfectant against many pathogens, was used as a stabilizing ligand for the synthesis of fairly uniform silver nanoparticles. The particles formed were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic mobility, and TEM to measure their morphology and surface chemistry. PHMB-functionalized silver nanoparticles were then evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a gram-negative bacterial strain, Escherichia coli. These silver nanoparticles were found to have about 100 times higher bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities, compared to the previous reports, due to the combined antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles and PHMB. In addition to other applications, PHMB-functionalized silver nanoparticles would be extremely useful in textile industry due to the strong interaction of PHMB with cellulose fabrics.
Does journal endorsement of reporting guidelines influence the completeness of reporting of health research? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Shamseer Larissa , Stevens Adrienne , Skidmore Becky , Turner Lucy , Altman Douglas G , Hirst Allison , Hoey John , Palepu Anita , Simera Iveta , Schulz Kenneth , Moher David 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
Reporting of health research is often inadequate and incomplete. Complete and transparent reporting is imperative to enable readers to assess the validity of research findings for use in healthcare and policy decision-making. To this end, many guidelines, aimed at improving the quality of health research reports, have been developed for reporting a variety of research types. Despite efforts, many reporting guidelines are underused. In order to increase their uptake, evidence of their effectiveness is important and will provide authors, peer reviewers and editors with an important resource for use and implementation of pertinent guidance. The objective of this study was to assess whether endorsement of reporting guidelines by journals influences the completeness of reporting of health studies.

Methods
Guidelines providing a minimum set of items to guide authors in reporting a specific type of research, developed with explicit methodology, and using a consensus process will be identified from an earlier systematic review and from the EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) Network’s reporting guidelines library. MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Methodology Register and Scopus will be searched for evaluations of those reporting guidelines; relevant evaluations from the recently conducted CONSORT systematic review will also be included. Single data extraction with 10% verification of study characteristics, 20% of outcomes and complete verification of aspects of study validity will be carried out. We will include evaluations of reporting guidelines that assess the completeness of reporting: (1) before and after journal endorsement, and/or (2) between endorsing and non-endorsing journals. For a given guideline, analyses will be conducted for individual and the total sum of items. When possible, standard, pooled effects with 99% confidence intervals using random effects models will be calculated.

Discussion
Evidence on which guidelines have been evaluated and which are associated with improved completeness of reporting is important for various stakeholders, including editors who consider which guidelines to endorse in their journal editorial policies.
Prospective evaluation of the usefulness of C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis in a sub-Saharan African region
Authors: West Boma A , Peterside Oliemen , Ugwu Rosemary O , Eneh Augusta U 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundSepsis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the newborn. Early diagnosis and treatment is vital to improve outcome. The present study was therefore carried out to determine the usefulness of C-reactive protein (CRP) for evaluation of neonatal sepsis in Port Harcourt, Nigeria in Sub-Saharan Africa.MethodFour hundred and twenty neonates with clinical suspicion of sepsis were prospectively studied over a 6 month period. Blood was obtained from each subject recruited for the qualitative estimation of CRP. Blood culture was used as gold standard for diagnosis of NNS.ResultsOf 420 neonates studied, 196 (46.7%) had positive CRP while 181 (43.1%) had positive blood culture. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of CRP were 74.0%, 74.1%, 68.4% and 79.0% respectively.ConclusionThe qualitative method of estimating CRP which is cheap and rapid has moderate sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value.
A systematic screen reveals new elements acting at the G2/M cell cycle control
Authors: Navarro Francisco J , Nurse Paul 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Background
The major cell cycle control acting at the G2 to mitosis transition is triggered in all eukaryotes by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe the activation of the G2/M CDK is regulated primarily by dephosphorylation of the conserved residue Tyr15 in response to the stress-nutritional response and cell geometry sensing pathways. To obtain a more complete view of the G2/M control we have screened systematically for gene deletions that advance cells prematurely into mitosis.

Results
A screen of 82% of fission yeast non-essential genes, comprising approximately 3,000 gene deletion mutants, identified 18 genes that act negatively at mitotic entry, 7 of which have not been previously described as cell cycle regulators. Eleven of the 18 genes function through the stress response and cell geometry sensing pathways, both of which act through CDK Tyr15 phosphorylation, and 4 of the remaining genes regulate the G2/M transition by inputs from hitherto unknown pathways. Three genes act independently of CDK Tyr15 phosphorylation and define additional uncharacterized molecular control mechanisms.

Conclusions
Despite extensive investigation of the G2/M control, our work has revealed new components of characterized pathways that regulate CDK Tyr15 phosphorylation and new components of novel mechanisms controlling mitotic entry.
Eosinophil crystalloid granules: structure, function, and beyond
Authors: Muniz Valdirene S , Weller Peter F , Neves Josiane S 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Review of eosinophil crystalloid granules as rich sites of a variety of receptors that may play a role in the signaling and secretory processes of the eosinophil.
Eosinophils are granulocytes associated with host defense against parasitic helminths with allergic conditions and more recently, with immunoregulatory responses. Eosinophils are distinguished from leukocytes by their dominant population of cytoplasmic crystalloid (also termed secretory, specific, or secondary) granules that contain robust stores of diverse, preformed cationic proteins. Here, we provide an update on our knowledge about the unique and complex structure of human eosinophil crystalloid granules. We discuss their significance as rich sites of a variety of receptors and review our own recent research findings and those of others that highlight discoveries concerning the function of intracellular receptors and their potential implications in cell signaling. Special focus is provided on how eosinophils might use these intracellular receptors as mechanisms to secrete, selectively and rapidly, cytokines or chemokines and enable cell-free extracellular eosinophil granules to function as independent secretory structures. Potential roles of cell-free eosinophil granules as immune players in the absence of intact eosinophils will also be discussed.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Primary Versus Metastatic Colorectal Carcinomas
Authors: Vakiani Efsevia , Janakiraman Manickam , Shen Ronglai , Sinha Rileen , Zeng Zhaoshi , Shia Jinru , Cercek Andrea , Kemeny Nancy , D'Angelica Michael , Viale Agnes , Heguy Adriana , Paty Philip , Chan Timothy A. , Saltz Leonard B. , Weiser Martin , Solit David B. 
Published: June 2012

Purpose To compare the mutational and copy number profiles of primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) using both unpaired and paired samples derived from primary and metastatic disease sites. Patients and Methods We performed a multiplatform genomic analysis of 736 fresh frozen CRC tumors from 613 patients. The cohort included 84 patients in whom tumor tissue from both primary and metastatic sites was available and 31 patients with pairs of metastases. Tumors were analyzed for mutations in the KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and TP53 genes, with discordant results between paired samples further investigated by analyzing formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and/or by 454 sequencing. Copy number aberrations in primary tumors and matched metastases were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Results TP53 mutations were more frequent in metastatic versus primary tumors (53.1% v 30.3%, respectively; P < .001), whereas BRAF mutations were significantly less frequent (1.9% v 7.7%, respectively; P = .01). The mutational status of the matched pairs was highly concordant (> 90% concordance for all five genes). Clonality analysis of array CGH data suggested that multiple CRC primary tumors or treatment-associated effects were likely etiologies for mutational and/or copy number profile differences between primary tumors and metastases. Conclusion For determining RAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutational status, genotyping of the primary CRC is sufficient for most patients. Biopsy of a metastatic site should be considered in patients with a history of multiple primary carcinomas and in the case of TP53 for patients who have undergone interval treatment with radiation or cytotoxic chemotherapies.