bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations and Forecasts from the Landfall of Tropical Cyclones John, Lane, and Paul (2006) over Northwestern Mexico
Authors: Farfán Luis M. , Romero-Centeno Rosario , Raga G. B. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This study focuses on track and intensity changes of three tropical cyclones that, during the season of 2006, developed in the eastern North Pacific basin and made landfall over northwestern Mexico. Observational datasets, including satellite and radar imagery and a rain gauge network, are used to document regional-scale structures. Additionally, gridded fields are applied to determine the large-scale environment. John made landfall as a category-2 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale and moved along the Baja California Peninsula during more than 40 h, resulting in total rainfall of up to 506 mm. The largest accumulations were located over mountains and set new records with respect to daily rates from the 1969–2005 period. Later in the season, Lane and Paul made landfall over the mainland and brought moderate rainfall over the coastal plains. Lane became a category-3 hurricane and was the third strongest hurricane to make landfall since 1969. In contrast, Paul followed a recurving track to reach the coastline as a weakening tropical depression. Strong wind shear, associated with a midlatitude trough, is found to be related to the intensity change. Examination of the official forecasts reveals that first inland positions were predicted several days before the actual landfall events. An assessment of the forecasts issued 1–3 days prior to landfall shows large track errors associated with some of the above tropical cyclones and this resulted in a westward bias. It is suggested that the track errors are due to an inadequate representation of the large-scale environment that steered the tropical cyclones.
Circadian Rhythms as a Basis for Work Organization
Authors: Guimarães Lia Buarque de Macedo , Ribeiro Jose Luis Duarte , Saurin Tarcísio Abreu , Homem de Bittencourt Paulo Ivo 
Published: July 2012

Objective: With the assumption that circadian rhythms influence human performance, the work of live line electricians was reorganized and evaluated. The hypothesis was that in highly physical and attention-demanding work, the organization of tasks, according to the ideal period of day and day of week, should diminish stress and consequent work risks. Background: There are only a few studies reporting the work of electricians and even fewer approaching work organization. Moreover, these investigations often do not consider human physiological limitations and capabilities as well as task demands. Method: A new work system was proposed with consideration of (a) the circadian cycles and homeostatic processes; (b) the effect of heat, which is a zeitgeber (synchronizer) for the biological clocks; and (c) the degree of physical and mental demands of the different performed tasks, which was assessed on the basis of opinions of the electricians and physiological markers of stress that are controlled by circadian rhythms. The traditional and new systems were compared on the basis of two cognitive indices (the arrangement of matchsticks and the perception of a minute) and three physiological markers of mental-to-physical loads (heart frequency and the level of adrenaline and noradrenaline). Results: Both physical and mental loads were reduced in the new system. Conclusion: Work organization should include consideration of human circadian rhythms, mainly when stressful and high-risk tasks are involved. Application: The findings can be applied in any work design, but they are especially suited for highly demanding work carried out outdoors.
The Moderating Effect of Individual Differences in Error-Management Training
Authors: Loh Vanessa , Andrews Sally , Hesketh Beryl , Griffin Barbara 
Published: July 2012

Objective: We investigated the effectiveness of error-encouragement training and the influence of ability and personality attribute-treatment interactions using a dynamic decision-making task. Background: Error-encouragement training is said to be more effective than error-avoidance training because active exploration and error encouragement promote better learning and transfer. Past research, which is limited by confounded experimental designs involving simple tasks with little consideration of individual differences, provides evidence for the value of active exploration but less so for error encouragement. Method: We randomly allocated 164 participants to receive error-encouragement, error-avoidance, or no error-related instructions in training on ATC-lab, a dynamic computer simulated air traffic control task. Active exploration and task information were controlled, and ability and personality were assessed. Results: Error encouragement yielded better transfer performance than did error avoidance but was no better than the control training. Higher- rather than lower-ability trainees benefited from training with an error orientation (positive or negative), suggesting that learning from errors in training requires greater cognitive resources. Trainees higher in openness to experience and agreeableness performed more poorly with error-avoidance training than with error-encouragement and control training. Conclusion: Error-avoidance training had a detrimental effect especially for those less open to experience, lower in agreeableness, and of lower ability. The significant benefits of error-encouragement training reported in previous research were probably attributable to confounding factors, such as active exploration and differential task information. Application: Although errors and active exploration can be useful learning tools in training, trainers should be mindful that focusing on errors, whether positively or negatively, may not suit everyone.
The impact of Vocational, Education, Training and Employment Coordinator positions on attitudes and practices in a NSW mental health service
Authors: Sommer Joanne , Lunt Bronwyn , Rogers Jeffrey , Poole Roslyn , Singham Asha 
Published: July 2012

Objective: To determine attitudes and practices of community mental health clinicians in relation to employment and education for consumers and to assess the impact of the establishment of Vocational, Education, Training and Employment (VETE) Coordinator positions. Method: A snapshot was conducted by surveying community mental health clinicians regarding every consumer on their caseload in 2007. This was repeated in 2010 and the results were compared. Results: From 2007 to 2010, the overall rates of VETE interventions increased, including a doubling of the rate of linkage to employment agencies for job seekers. Services with the consistent presence of a VETE Coordinator showed a greater impact on a number of factors, highlighted by a positive shift in clinician attitudes regarding their consumers’ capacity to work. Conclusion: The establishment of VETE Coordination positions in the mental health service appears to be an effective way of raising awareness of VETE issues and improving VETE service provision. An important role has been assisting clinicians to begin implementing the principles of the Individual Placement and Support model of Supported Employment and to incorporate support for employment and education as a routine part of practice.
The Effects of the Palliative Medicine Consultation on the DNR Status of African Americans in a Safety-Net Hospital
Authors: Sacco Joseph , Carr Dana R. Deravin , Viola Deborah 
Published: July 2012

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of palliative medicine consultation on completion of advance directives/do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders by racial/ethnic minorities. Method: A sample of 1999 seriously ill African American and Hispanic inpatients was obtained from the Palliative Medicine Consultation database (n = 2972). Associations between race/ethnicity and diagnosis and documentation of DNR status on admission and discharge were examined. Results: Cancer was the primary diagnosis, 34.5%. Among patients with a consultation, 98% agreed to discuss advance directives; 65% of African Americans and 70% of Hispanics elected DNR status. Inpatient deaths were 46%; 74% of decedents agreed to DNR orders. Discharged patients referred to hospice were 29%. Conclusion: Palliative medicine consultations resulted in timely completion of DNR orders and were positively associated with DNR election and hospice enrollment.
The Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Level of Disclosure of Cancer in Terminally Ill Patients With Cancer and the Quality of Terminal Care in These Patients and Their Families Using the Support Team Assessment Schedule
Authors: Nakajima Nobuhisa , Hata Yoshinobu , Onishi Hideki , Ishida Mayumi 
Published: July 2012

Aims: To examine the relationship between informing patients of cancer and the quality of terminal care. Methods: This was a study of 87 consecutive terminally ill cancer patients who died during the last 27-month period. Notification of cancer was classified into 4 groups (A, B, C, and D, respectively): “nondisclosure,” “disclosure of cancer diagnosis,” “disclosure of life threatening,” and “disclosure of poor prognosis.” We evaluated the quality of palliative care using Support Team Assessment Schedule–Japanese (STAS-J). Results: A, B, C, and D groups included 8, 22, 37, and20 cases, respectively. Regarding physical symptoms, no marked difference was noted. Anxiety was significantly reduced, and the recognition of disease conditions and the level of communication were significantly higher in the groups that received specific information ( P < .001). Conclusions: Informing patients of more specific information will increase the quality of terminal care.
Racial and Ethnic Profiles of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Young Adults in the United States
Authors: Upchurch Dawn M. , Rainisch Bethany K. Wexler 
Published: July 2012

This study describes complementary and alternative medicine use among a national sample of young adults, with an emphasis on characterizing racial and ethnic differences, highlighting variation across subgroups of Hispanics. The authors examined young adults ages 18 to 27 years (n = 14 128) from wave III (2001-2002) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Prevalence estimates and logistic regression results were weighted and adjusted for complex sample design. The study examined recent complementary and alternative medicine use in the past 12 months, recent use for each of 15 specific complementary and alternative medicine modalities, and the 5 most commonly used modalities (herbs, massage, chiropractic, relaxation, and vitamins). Results showed that 29% of young adults aged 18 to 27 years recently used complementary and alternative medicine. Prevalence was highest among Cuban Americans (42%) and lowest among blacks (22%). Young adults used a diversity of complementary and alternative medicine modalities and there were substantial differences in use across racial and ethnic groups.
Chronic estradiol treatment reduces platelet responses and protects mice from thromboembolism through the hematopoietic estrogen receptor α
Authors: Valéra Marie-Cécile , Gratacap Marie-Pierre , Gourdy Pierre , Lenfant Françoise , Cabou Cendrine , Toutain Celine E. , Marcellin Marlene , Saint Laurent Nathalie , Sié Pierre , Sixou Michel , Arnal Jean-François , Payrastre Bernard 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAlthough estrogens are known to have a deleterious effect on the venous thrombosis risk and a preventive action on the development of arterial atheroma, their effect on platelet function in vivo remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a chronic high physiologic level of estradiol (E2) in mice leads to a marked decrease in platelet responsiveness ex vivo and in vivo compared with ovariectomized controls. E2 treatment led to increased bleeding time and a resistance to thromboembolism. Hematopoietic chimera mice harboring a selective deletion of estrogen receptors (ERs) α or β were used to demonstrate that the effects of E2 were exclusively because of hematopoietic ERα. Within ERα the activation function-1 domain was not required for resistance to thromboembolism, as was previously shown for atheroprotection. This domain is mandatory for E2-mediated reproductive function and suggests that this role is controlled independently. Differential proteomics indicated that E2 treatment modulated the expression of platelet proteins including β1 tubulin and a few other proteins that may impact platelet production and activation. Overall, these data demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for E2 in regulating the platelet proteome and platelet function, and point to new potential antithrombotic and vasculoprotective therapeutic strategies.
Deletion of cognate CD8 T cells by immature dendritic cells: a novel role for perforin, granzyme A, TREM-1, and TLR7
Authors: Zangi Lior , Zlotnikov Klionsky Yael , Yarimi Liran , Bachar-Lustig Esther , Eidelstein Yaki , Shezen Elias , Hagin David , Ito Yumi , Takai Toshiyuki , Reich-Zeliger Shlomit , Lask Assaf , Milstein Oren , Jung Steffen , Shinder Vera , Reisner Yair 
Published: July 2012

AbstractImmature dendritic cells (imDCs) can have a tolerizing effect under normal conditions or after transplantation. However, because of the significant heterogeneity of this cell population, it is extremely difficult to study the mechanisms that mediate the tolerance induced or to harness the application of imDCs for clinical use. In the present study, we describe the generation of a highly defined population of imDCs from hematopoietic progenitors and the direct visualization of the fate of TCR-transgenic alloreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after encountering cognate or noncognate imDCs. Whereas CD4+ T cells were deleted via an MHC-independent mechanism through the NO system, CD8+ T-cell deletion was found to occur through a unique MHC-dependent, perforin-based killing mechanism involving activation of TLR7 and signaling through Triggering Receptor-1 Expressed on Myeloid cells (TREM-1). This novel subpopulation of perforin-expressing imDCs was also detected in various lymphoid tissues in normal animals and its frequency was markedly enhanced after GM-CSF administration.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of refractory/relapsed myeloid leukemia in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Taga Takashi , Saito Akiko Moriya , Kudo Kazuko , Tomizawa Daisuke , Terui Kiminori , Moritake Hiroshi , Kinoshita Akitoshi , Iwamoto Shotaro , Nakayama Hideki , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Tawa Akio , Shimada Akira , Taki Tomohiko , Kigasawa Hisato , Koh Katsuyoshi , Adachi Souichi 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome (ML-DS) is associated with good response to chemotherapy and favorable prognosis. Because little research has been focused on refractory/relapsed (R/R) cases, we conducted a retrospective analysis for R/R ML-DS. Among ML-DS patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2010 in Japan, 26 relapsed (25 in the BM and 1 in the skin), and 3 refractory patients were enrolled. The male/female ratio was 18/11. The median age at initial diagnosis of ML-DS was 2 years, and the median time to relapse was 8.6 months. Each patient initially had been treated with ML-DS–specific protocols. Thirteen of the 26 patients achieved complete remission with various kinds of reinduction chemotherapies; 2 of 8 survived without further recurrence after receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and 4 of 5 maintained complete remissions with chemotherapy alone. Treatment failures mostly were associated with disease progression rather than treatment-related toxicities. The 3-year OS rate was 25.9% ± 8.5%. A longer duration from initial diagnosis to relapse was a significant favorable prognostic factor (P < .0001). We conclude that clinical outcome for patients with R/R ML-DS generally are unfavorable, even in those receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Novel methods to identify poor prognostic factors for ML-DS are necessary.
Complete genome sequence of Enterococcus faecium strain TX16 and comparative genomic analysis of Enterococcus faecium genomes
Authors: Qin Xiang , Galloway-Peña Jessica R , Sillanpaa Jouko , Roh Jung Hyeob , Nallapareddy Sreedhar R , Chowdhury Shahreen , Bourgogne Agathe , Choudhury Tina , Muzny Donna M , Buhay Christian J , Ding Yan , Dugan-Rocha Shannon , Liu Wen , Kovar Christie , Sodergren Erica , Highlander Sarah , Petrosino Joseph F , Worley Kim C , Gibbs Richard A , Weinstock George M , Murray Barbara E 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Enterococci are among the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections in the United States and Europe, with Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium being the two most common species isolated from enterococcal infections. In the last decade, the proportion of enterococcal infections caused by E. faecium has steadily increased compared to other Enterococcus species. Although the underlying mechanism for the gradual replacement of E. faecalis by E. faecium in the hospital environment is not yet understood, many studies using genotyping and phylogenetic analysis have shown the emergence of a globally dispersed polyclonal subcluster of E. faecium strains in clinical environments. Systematic study of the molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis of E. faecium has been hindered by the lack of closed, complete E. faecium genomes that can be used as references.

Results
In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of the E. faecium strain TX16, also known as DO, which belongs to multilocus sequence type (ST) 18, and was the first E. faecium strain ever sequenced. Whole genome comparison of the TX16 genome with 21 E. faecium draft genomes confirmed that most clinical, outbreak, and hospital-associated (HA) strains (including STs 16, 17, 18, and 78), in addition to strains of non-hospital origin, group in the same clade (referred to as the HA clade) and are evolutionally considerably more closely related to each other by phylogenetic and gene content similarity analyses than to isolates in the community-associated (CA) clade with approximately a 3–4% average nucleotide sequence difference between the two clades at the core genome level. Our study also revealed that many genomic loci in the TX16 genome are unique to the HA clade. 380 ORFs in TX16 are HA-clade specific and antibiotic resistance genes are enriched in HA-clade strains. Mobile elements such as IS16 and transposons were also found almost exclusively in HA strains, as previously reported.

Conclusions
Our findings along with other studies show that HA clonal lineages harbor specific genetic elements as well as sequence differences in the core genome which may confer selection advantages over the more heterogeneous CA E. faecium isolates. Which of these differences are important for the success of specific E. faecium lineages in the hospital environment remain(s) to be determined.
Combined rpo B duplex PCR and hsp65 PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism with capillary electrophoresis as an effective algorithm for identification of Mycobacterial species from clinical isolates
Authors: Huang Chen-Cheng , Chen Jiann-Hwa , Hu Shiau-Ting , Chiou Chien-Shun , Huang Wei-Chang , Hsu Jeng-Yuan , Lu Jang-Jih , Shen Gwan-Han 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Mycobacteria can be quickly and simply identified by PCR restriction-enzyme analysis (PRA), but misidentification can occur because of similarities in band sizes that are critical for discriminating among species. Capillary electrophoresis can provide computer-aided band discrimination. The aim of this research was to develop an algorithm for identifying mycobacteria by combined rpo B duplex PRA (DPRA) and hsp65 PRA with capillary electrophoresis.

Results
Three hundred and seventy-six acid-fast bacillus smear-positive BACTEC cultures, including 200 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complexes (MTC) and 176 non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) were analyzed. With combined hsp65 and rpo B DPRA, the accuracy rate was 100% (200 isolates) for the MTC and 91.4% (161 isolates) for the NTM. Among the discordant results (8.6%) for the NTM, one isolate of Mycobacterial species and an isolate of M. flavescens were found as new sub-types in hsp65 PRA.

Conclusions
This effective and novel identification algorithm using combined rpo B DPRA and hsp65 PRA with capillary electrophoresis can rapidly identify mycobacteria and find new sub-types in hsp65 PRA. In addition, it is complementary to 16 S rDNA sequencing.
Identification of three MAPKKKs forming a linear signaling pathway leading to programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Hashimoto Masayoshi , Komatsu Ken , Maejima Kensaku , Okano Yukari , Shiraishi Takuya , Ishikawa Kazuya , Takinami Yusuke , Yamaji Yasuyuki , Namba Shigetou 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism of signal transduction found in eukaryotic cells. In plants, MAPK cascades are associated with responses to various abiotic and biotic stresses such as plant pathogens. MAPK cascades function through sequential phosphorylation: MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) phosphorylate MAPK kinases (MAPKKs), and phosphorylated MAPKKs phosphorylate MAPKs. Of these three types of kinase, the MAPKKKs exhibit the most divergence in the plant genome. Their great diversity is assumed to allow MAPKKKs to regulate many specific signaling pathways in plants despite the relatively limited number of MAPKKs and MAPKs. Although some plant MAPKKKs, including the MAPKKKα of Nicotiana benthamiana (NbMAPKKKα), are known to play crucial roles in plant defense responses, the functional relationship among MAPKKK genes is poorly understood. Here, we performed a comparative functional analysis of MAPKKKs to investigate the signaling pathway leading to the defense response.

Results
We cloned three novel MAPKKK genes from N. benthamiana: NbMAPKKKβ, NbMAPKKKγ, and NbMAPKKKε2. Transient overexpression of full-length NbMAPKKKβ or NbMAPKKKγ or their kinase domains in N. benthamiana leaves induced hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death associated with hydrogen peroxide production. This activity was dependent on the kinase activity of the overexpressed MAPKKK. In addition, virus-induced silencing of NbMAPKKKβ or NbMAPKKKγ expression significantly suppressed the induction of programmed cell death (PCD) by viral infection. Furthermore, in epistasis analysis of the functional relationships among NbMAPKKKβ, NbMAPKKKγ, and NbMAPKKKα (previously shown to be involved in plant defense responses) conducted by combining transient overexpression analysis and virus-induced gene silencing, silencing of NbMAPKKKα suppressed cell death induced by the overexpression of the NbMAPKKKβ kinase domain or of NbMAPKKKγ, but silencing of NbMAPKKKβ failed to suppress cell death induced by the overexpression of NbMAPKKKα or NbMAPKKKγ. Silencing of NbMAPKKKγ suppressed cell death induced by the NbMAPKKKβ kinase domain but not that induced by NbMAPKKKα.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that in addition to NbMAPKKKα, NbMAPKKKβ and NbMAPKKKγ also function as positive regulators of PCD. Furthermore, these three MAPKKKs form a linear signaling pathway leading to PCD; this pathway proceeds from NbMAPKKKβ to NbMAPKKKγ to NbMAPKKKα.