bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel rat forelimb model of neuropathic pain produced by partial injury of the median and ulnar nerves
Authors: Yil Hanju , Kiml Myung Ah , Backl Seung Keun , Eun Jong Shin , Nal Heung Sik 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe vast majority of human peripheral nerve injuries occur in the upper limb, whereas the most animal studies have been conducted using the hindlimb models of neuropathic pain, involving damages of the sciatic or lumbar spinal nerve(s). We attempted to develop a rat forelimb model of peripheral neuropathy by partial injury of the median and ulnar nerves. The halves of each nerve were transected by microscissors at about 5 mm proximal from the elbow joint and behavioral signs of neuropathic pain, such as mechanical and cold allodynia, and heat hyperalgesia, were monitored up to 126 days following nerve injury. Mechanical allodynia was assessed by measuring the forepaw withdrawal threshold to von Frey filaments, and cold allodynia was evaluated by measuring the time spent in lifting or licking the forepaw after applying acetone to it. Heat hyperalgesia was also monitored by investigating the forepaw withdrawal latencies using the Hargreaves' test. After the nerve injury, the experimental animals exhibited long‐lasting clear neuropathic pain‐like behaviors, such as reduced forepaw withdrawal threshold to von Frey filaments, the increased response duration of the forepaw to acetone application, and the decreased withdrawal latency to radiant heat stimulation. These behaviors were significantly alleviated by administration of gabapentin (5 or 50 mg/kg, i.p.) in a dose‐dependent manner. Therefore, these abnormal sensitivities are interpreted as the signs of neuropathic pain following injury of the median and ulnar nerves. Our rat forelimb model of neuropathic pain may be useful for studying human neuropathic pain and screening for valuable drug candidates.
Handedness, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and bulimic disorders
Authors: Van den Eynde F. , Broadbent H. , Guillaume S. , Claudino A. , Campbell I.C. , Schmidt U. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRepetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) research in psychiatry mostly excludes left-handed participants. We recruited left-handed people with a bulimic disorder and found that stimulation of the left prefrontal cortex may result in different effects in left- and right-handed people. This highlights the importance of handedness and cortex lateralisation for rTMS.
With friends like these…: Peer delinquency influences across age cohorts on smoking, alcohol and illegal substance use
Authors: Ferguson C.J. , Meehan D.C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundDiscussions and debate about youth smoking, alcohol use, and illegal substance use (collectively referred to as youth substance use) continue to receive wide attention among researchers, policymakers, and the general public. Previous research has suggested that peer delinquency is a particularly strong correlate of youth substance use. The current study focuses on the influence of delinquent peers on substance use, and how peer delinquency influences change across age cohorts of youth.MethodThe current study examines multiple correlates for youth substance use in a sample of 8,256 youth (mean age 14), with the goal of identifying the influence of delinquent peers across age cohorts while controlling for other correlates. Data was collected from the Ohio version of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) developed by the Centers for Disease Control.ResultsResults from multiple regression analyses identified peer delinquency as the strongest correlate of youth substance use even when other relevant factors related to family, neighborhood, and media use were controlled. Correlations between peer delinquency and substance use behavior increased across age cohorts and for individuals who first used in middle teen years (13–16) irrespective of current age.Interpretation.Age appears to be a moderating factor regarding the correlation between peer delinquency and youth substance abuse. Primary and secondary prevention and intervention strategies that focus on peers are potentially more likely to reduce youth substance use and improve peer relationships than those focused on other areas such as schools or media.
Corticostriatal functional connectivity in non-medicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Sakai Y. , Narumoto J. , Nishida S. , Nakamae T. , Yamada K. , Nishimura T. , Fukui K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe basal ganglia represents a key component of the pathophysiological model for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This brain region is part of several neural circuits, including the orbitofronto-striatal circuit and dorsolateral prefronto-striatal circuit. There are, however, no published studies investigating those circuits at a network level in non-medicated patients with OCD. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from 20 non-medicated patients with OCD and 23 matched healthy volunteers. Voxelwise statistical parametric maps testing strength of functional connectivity of three striatal seed regions of interest (ROIs) with remaining brain regions were calculated and compared between groups. We performed additional correlation analyses between strength of connectivity and the severity scores for obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, and anxiety in the OCD group. Positive functional connectivity with the ventral striatum was significantly increased (Pcorrected <.05) in the orbitofrontal cortex, ventral medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex of subjects with OCD. There was no significant correlation between measures of symptom severity and the strength of connectivity (Puncorrected <.001). This is the first study to investigate the corticostriatal connectivity in non-medicated patients with OCD. These findings provide the first direct evidence supporting a pathophysiological model involving basal ganglia circuitry in OCD.
Identity Politics Revisited: Secular and ‘Dissonant’ Islam in Colonial South Asia
Authors: PUROHIT TEENA 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper analyzes the political project of secular Islam as outlined by the Indian political and religious leader, Muhammad Shah—also known as Aga Khan III (1877–1957). As first president of the All India Muslim League, Muhammad Shah facilitated the installation of separate electorates for Muslims as well as the call for Partition. The reformist notion of Islam he invoked for this separatist programme was informed by the secular and modernizing projects of the colonial public sphere. Simultaneously, however, Muhammad Shah claimed a divine role as Imam of the Ismaili Muslim community—a position validated by Ismaili beliefs and teachings of messianic Islam. The paper engages Muhammad Shah's writings and the devotional texts of the Ismailis to illustrate how the heterogeneous forms of practices peculiar to the vernacular history of Islam in early modern South Asia were displaced by the discourse of religious identity in the colonial period.
Ecotoxicological risk assessment of agriculture intensification in Argentinean cropping lands using a fuzzy-logic based model
Authors: Ferraro Diego 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCurrent agricultural models have an increasing dependence on non-renewable resources that have significant implications for the ecosystem health. Pesticides are considered one main impact force that affects both the structure and functions of agroecosystems. In this work we presented results from the application of an environmental pesticide risk assessment of a large database of cropping systems in the Inland Pampa (Argentina) where, since 1990, the traditional mixed grazing–cropping systems were being replaced by permanent agriculture and the intensification of pesticide use has increased significantly. However, there is no clear awareness of the ecotoxicological risk associated with these land use changes. The ecotoxicological risk on both insects and mammals were assessed using a fuzzy-logic based model that links, as input variables, the amount the pesticide dose and the lethal dose (LD50) of each active ingredient use in a single crop field. Thresholds and membership functions were developed by means of expert opinion. A database, containing 29042 records of pesticide use in maize, soybean, sunflower and wheat from 1992 to 2005 were analyzed. Results showed that harvested yield increased significantly in all crops during the period studied (P<0.005). However, these higher yields were associated with higher risks over both insect and mammals as in almost all crops analyzed the fuzzy-logic ecotoxicological indicators showed negative and significant time trend in the period studied (P<0.005, Spearman rank correlation (SRC)). Summer soybean (i.e in the wheat-soybean rotation) did not show any significant tendency regarding changes in potential ecotoxicological risk during 1992-2005 interval. However, soybean (either as summer or spring crop) showed the highest ecotoxicological risk value in each one of the years analyzed (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Regarding the average number of pesticides applied, all crops showed a significant increment from 1992 to 2000 and a subsequent reduction from 2000 to 2005 (SRC, P < 0.05) and these reductions were higher in soybean, from 6.1 to 3.5 application/year in relation to maize, soybean and sunflower. These preliminary results indicated that higher yield in all the crops analyzed were associated to higher ecotoxicological risk of the pesticides used. However, further work has to be conducted to improve the fuzzy-logic ecotoxicological model by including variables such human toxicological risk or other chemical pesticide characteristics (i.e. soil persistence, solubility).
The difficult task of gathering information on PSI&T
Authors: Valero-Garcés Carmen 
Published: November 2010

This increasingly more plural and changing society demands resources that allow communication between those arriving and those who are already there. Such a situation has been occurring since time immemorial, but since the last decades of the twentieth century it has accelerated and reached other countries where until now this phenomenon was unknown, such as the southern and eastern countries members of the EU.<p>In the article some research about those needs and solutions within the specific field of public service interpreting and translating (PSIT) and from three different perspectives (the scholar and researcher’s; the intermediary’s; and the service provider’s) are presented. These three perspectives are complementary, but for the sake of clarity and given the difficulty and lack of information and resources available in some language combinations, as well as the intricacies of the role played by the translator and interpreter (Tr&In) in these environments, I will structure the article in this way. The main focus will be on Spain, one of the EU countries where the phenomenon of migration has reached the highest level.
Genetic Variation in Biomass Traits among 20 Diverse Rice Varieties
Authors: Jahn Courtney E. , Mckay John K. , Mauleon Ramil , Stephens Janice , McNally Kenneth L. , Bush Daniel R. , Leung Hei , Leach Jan E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBiofuels provide a promising route of producing energy while reducing reliance on petroleum. Developing sustainable liquid fuel production from cellulosic feedstock is a major challenge and will require significant breeding efforts to maximize plant biomass production. Our approach to elucidating genes and genetic pathways that can be targeted for improving biomass production is to exploit the combination of genomic tools and genetic diversity in rice (Oryza sativa). In this study, we analyzed a diverse set of 20 recently resequenced rice varieties for variation in biomass traits at several different developmental stages. The traits included plant size and architecture, aboveground biomass, and underlying physiological processes. We found significant genetic variation among the 20 lines in all morphological and physiological traits. Although heritability estimates were significant for all traits, heritabilities were higher in traits relating to plant size and architecture than for physiological traits. Trait variation was largely explained by variety and breeding history (advanced versus landrace) but not by varietal groupings (indica, japonica, and aus). In the context of cellulosic biofuels development, cell wall composition varied significantly among varieties. Surprisingly, photosynthetic rates among the varieties were inversely correlated with biomass accumulation. Examining these data in an evolutionary context reveals that rice varieties have achieved high biomass production via independent developmental and physiological pathways, suggesting that there are multiple targets for biomass improvement. Future efforts to identify loci and networks underlying this functional variation will facilitate the improvement of biomass traits in other grasses being developed as energy crops.
Lavender foal syndrome in Arabian horses is caused by a single‐base deletion in the MYO5A gene
Authors: Bierman A. , Guthrie A. J. , Harper C. K. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryLavender Foal Syndrome (LFS) is a rare autosomal recessive lethal disorder affecting Arabian foals which is also characterized by a dilute coat colour and severe neurological signs. Dilute mouse and rat mutants, and Griscelli syndrome type 1 in humans, which are characterized by similar clinical signs, are caused by mutations in the MYO5A gene. MYO5A was, therefore, identified as a possible candidate gene for LFS. Sequencing of the coding region identified a single‐base deletion in a conserved region of the tail domain. The deletion produces a truncated protein product through the insertion of a premature stop codon (p.Arg1487AlafsX13). The deletion was confirmed as the causative mutation by genotyping affected, carrier and normal individuals.
Genetic diversity in the Maremmano horse and its relationship with other European horse breeds
Authors: Felicetti M. , Lopes M. S. , Verini‐Supplizi A. , Da Câmara Machado A. , Silvestrelli M. , Mendonça D. , Distl O. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe Maremmano is an Italian warmblood horse breed from central Italy. We characterized the genetic diversity and the degree of admixture in Maremmano in comparison to 14 other European horse breeds using 30 microsatellites. Between‐breed diversity explained about 9 per cent of the total genetic diversity. Cluster analysis, genetic distances and genetic differentiation coefficients showed a close relationship of Maremmano with Hanoverian and Lusitano in accordance with breed history.
Targets of selection in the Thoroughbred genome contain exercise‐relevant gene SNPs associated with elite racecourse performance
Authors: Hill E. W. , Gu J. , McGivney B. A. , MacHugh D. E. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryAthletic performance is influenced by a complex interplay among the environment and a suite of genes, which contributes to system‐wide structure and function. In a panel of elite and non‐elite Thoroughbred horses (n = 148), we genotyped 68 SNPs in 17 putative exercise‐relevant genes chosen from a genome scan for selection. We performed a series of case–control and quantitative association tests for relationships with racecourse performance. Thirteen SNPs in nine genes were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with a performance phenotype. We selected five SNPs in four genes (ACSS1, ACN9, COX4I1, PDK4) for validation in an independent sample set of elite and non‐elite Thoroughbreds (n = 130). Two SNPs in the PDK4 gene were validated (P < 0.01) for associations with elite racing performance. When all samples were considered together (n = 278), the PDK4_ 38973231 SNP was strongly associated (P < 0.0005) with elite racing performance. Individuals with the A:A and A:G genotypes had a 16.2–16.6 lb advantage over G:G individuals in terms of handicap rating. Re‐sequencing of the PDK4 gene and further genotyping will be required to identify the causative variant that is likely influencing exercise‐induced variation in expression of the gene. Notwithstanding, this information may be employed as a marker for the selection of racehorses with the genetic potential for superior racing ability.
Genetics of swayback in American Saddlebred horses
Authors: Cook D. , Gallagher P. C. , Bailey E. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryExtreme lordosis, also called swayback, lowback or softback, can occur as a congenital trait or as a degenerative trait associated with ageing. In this study, the hereditary aspect of congenital swayback was investigated using whole genome association studies of 20 affected and 20 unaffected American Saddlebred (ASB) Horses for 48 165 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A statistically significant association was identified on ECA20 (corrected P = 0.017) for SNP BIEC2‐532523. Of the 20 affected horses, 17 were homozygous for this SNP when compared to seven homozygotes among the unaffected horses, suggesting a major gene with a recessive mode of inheritance. The result was confirmed by testing an additional 13 affected horses and 166 unaffected horses using 35 SNPs in this region of ECA20 (corrected P = 0.036). Combined results for 33 affected horses and 287 non‐affected horses allowed identification of a region of homozygosity defined by four SNPs in the region. Based on the haplotype defined by these SNPs, 80% of the 33 affected horses were homozygous, 21% heterozygous and 9% did not possess the haplotype. Among the non‐affected horses, 15% were homozygous, 47% heterozygous and 38% did not possess the haplotype. The differences between the two groups were highly significant (P < 0.00001). The region defined by this haplotype includes 53 known and predicted genes. Exons from three candidate genes, TRERF1, RUNX2 and CNPY3 were sequenced without finding distinguishing SNPs. The mutation responsible for swayback may lie in other genes or in regulatory regions outside exons. This information can be used by breeders to reduce the occurrence of swayback among their livestock. This condition may serve as a model for investigation of congenital skeletal deformities in other species.
Structural annotation of equine protein‐coding genes determined by mRNA sequencing
Authors: Coleman S. J. , Zeng Z. , Wang K. , Luo S. , Khrebtukova I. , Mienaltowski M. J. , Schroth G. P. , Liu J. , MacLeod J. N. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe horse, like the majority of animal species, has a limited amount of species‐specific expressed sequence data available in public databases. As a result, structural models for the majority of genes defined in the equine genome are predictions based onab initiosequence analysis or the projection of gene structures from other mammalian species. The current study used Illumina‐based sequencing of messenger RNA (RNA‐seq) to help refine structural annotation of equine protein‐coding genes and for a preliminary assessment of gene expression patterns. Sequencing of mRNA from eight equine tissues generated 293 758 105 sequence tags of 35 bases each, equalling 10.28 gbp of total sequence data. The tag alignments represent approximately 207× coverage of the equine mRNA transcriptome and confirmed transcriptional activity for roughly 90% of the protein‐coding gene structures predicted by Ensembl and NCBI. Tag coverage was sufficient to refine the structural annotation for 11 356 of these predicted genes, while also identifying an additional 456 transcripts with exon/intron features that are not listed by either Ensembl or NCBI. Genomic locus data and intervals for the protein‐coding genes predicted by the Ensembl and NCBI annotation pipelines were combined with 75 116 RNA‐seq‐derived transcriptional units to generate a consensus equine protein‐coding gene set of 20 302 defined loci. Gene ontology annotation was used to compare the functional and structural categories of genes expressed in either a tissue‐restricted pattern or broadly across all tissue samples.
Estimated prevalence of the Type 1 Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy mutation in selected North American and European breeds
Authors: McCue M. E. , Anderson S. M. , Valberg S. J. , Piercy R. J. , Barakzai S. Z. , Binns M. M. , Distl O. , Penedo M. C. T. , Wagner M. L. , Mickelson J. R. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe GYS1 gene mutation that is causative of Type 1 Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM) has been identified in more than 20 breeds of horses. However, the GYS1 mutation frequency or Type 1 PSSM prevalence within any given breed is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of the GYS1 mutation and prevalence of genetic susceptibility to Type 1 PSSM in selected breeds from Europe and North America. The GYS1 mutation was detected in 11 breeds, including, in order of increasing allele frequency, Shires, Morgans, Appaloosas, Quarter Horses, Paints, Exmoor Ponies, Saxon‐Thuringian Coldbloods, South German Coldbloods, Belgians, Rhenish German Coldbloods and Percherons. The prevalence of genetic susceptibility to Type 1 PSSM in these breeds varied from 0.5% to 62.4%. The GYS1 mutation was not found in the sampled Thoroughbreds, Akhal‐Tekes, Connemaras, Clydesdales, Norwegian Fjords, Welsh Ponies, Icelandics, Schleswig Coldbloods or Hanoverians, but failure to detect the mutation does not guarantee its absence. This knowledge will help breed associations determine whether they should screen for the GYS1 mutation and will alert veterinarians to a possible differential diagnosis for muscle pain, rhabdomyolysis or gait abnormalities.
Identification of equine major histocompatibility complex haplotypes using polymorphic microsatellites
Authors: Tseng C. T. , Miller D. , Cassano J. , Bailey E. , Antczak D. F. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryA system for identifying equine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes was developed based on five polymorphic microsatellites located within the MHC region on ECA 20. Molecular signatures for 50 microsatellite haplotypes were recognized from typing 353 horses. Of these, 23 microsatellite haplotypes were associated with 12 established equine leucocyte antigen (ELA) haplotypes in Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds. Five ELA serotypes were associated with multiple microsatellite subhaplotypes, expanding the estimates of diversity in the equine MHC. The strong correlations between serological and microsatellite typing demonstrated a linkage to known MHC class I protein polymorphisms and validated this assay as a useful supplement to ELA serotyping, and in some applications, a feasible alternative method for MHC genotyping in horse families and in population studies.
Identification of the myostatin locus (MSTN) as having a major effect on optimum racing distance in the Thoroughbred horse in the USA
Authors: Binns M. M. , Boehler D. A. , Lambert D. H. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryOne hundred and eighty‐nine Thoroughbred horses that had won Graded Stakes races in North America were genotyped with the Illumina Equine SNP50 bead chip. Association tests using PLINK to determine whether any SNPs were associated with optimum racing distance (7 furlongs and under compared to 8–10 furlongs) identified a locus on ECA18 that was statistically significant (−log 10 EMP2 = 1.63) at the genome‐wide level following permutation analysis (10 000 permutations). Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the two ECA18 SNPs with the highest statistical significance spanned the MSTN (myostatin) locus. Mutations in myostatin in several mammalian species have been associated with increased muscling, with a preferential increase in fast glycolytic type IIB fibres, which would increase power potential. Thoroughbred horses that race over sprint distances, which are 5–7 furlongs, are often characterized by impressive hind quarter musculature, strongly suggesting that the association observed between the ECA18 SNPs and optimum race distance is mediated through MSTN.