bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latitudinal specificity of plant–avian frugivore interactions
Authors: Ten Caten Cleber , Dallas Tad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Broad‐scale assessments of plant–frugivore interactions indicate the existence of a latitudinal gradient in interaction specialization. The specificity (i.e. the similarity of the interacting partners) of plant–frugivore interactions could also change latitudinally given that differences in resource availability could favour species to become more or less specific in their interactions across latitudes.

Species occurring in the tropics could be more taxonomically, phylogenetically and functionally specific in their interactions because of a wide range of resources that are constantly available in these regions that would allow these species to become more specialized in their resource usage.

We used a data set on plant–avian frugivore interactions spanning a wide latitudinal range to examine these predictions, and we evaluated the relationship between latitude and taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional specificity of plant and frugivore interactions. These relationships were assessed using data on population interactions (population level), species means (species level) and community means (community level).

We found that the specificity of plant–frugivore interactions is generally not different from null models. Although statistically significant relationships were often observed between latitude and the specificity of plant–frugivore interactions, the direction of these relationships was variable and they also were generally weak and had low explanatory power. These results were consistent across the three specificity measures and levels of organization, suggesting that there might be an interplay between different mechanisms driving the interactions between plants and frugivores across latitudes.
Perspectives of young people with SEND on a supported internship programme in the UK
Authors: Stacey Emma , Dewey Jessica 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIndividuals with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) are currently underrepresented in employment, and supported internships have been promoted to increase the likelihood of young people with SEND gaining paid employment. The SEND Code of Practice and the Preparing for Adulthood agenda emphasise the need to improve future outcomes for young people with SEND. This study explored young people's views on a supported internship programme and perceived facilitators or barriers to preparing for adulthood. A qualitative approach was adopted, analysing semi‐structured interviews with eight young people with SEND on one supported internship programme. The findings indicated that the young people positively evaluated the supported internship, appreciating the availability of opportunities and the support provided while on the programme. Perceived barriers included adults not understanding or meeting their needs, perceptions of still being treated like children and the lack of availability of certain opportunities. Findings are discussed with relevance to existing research, and implications for practice and future research are also outlined.
Comparative study of antioxidant activities ofAllium sativum(a novel variety, HG17) andAllium ampeloprasum(SMG): Revealing the higher potential of HG17 and analyzing its phytochemicals
Authors: Monika Monika , Dua Anita , Sharma Sanjay , Gupta Sanjeev , Mittal Ashwani 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGarlic, belonging to the genusAllium, is renowned for its rich antioxidant potential. Snow Mountain garlic (SMG) (Allium ampeloprasum) has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes because of its higher antioxidant potential. Considering its potential in medical therapies, we compared the antioxidant activity of SMG with a novel variety ofAllium sativum, Hisar garlic 17 (HG17). Comparative antioxidant activity data (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) revealed the higher antioxidant activity of HG17 than SMG, which prompted us to conduct a comprehensive phytochemical investigation to elucidate the factors contributing to antioxidant potential of HG17. To get a detailed antioxidant and phytoconstituents profiling, we differentially extracted HG17 by processing it in different forms (fresh, dry, heated, and aged) with two solvents (50% methanol andn‐butanol). Our data (antioxidant activities, total phenolics, and flavonoids) showed that dry garlic methanolic extract (DgM) had maximum potential than other HG17 forms/solvents, which concludes that different extraction techniques had direct impact on the phenolics/flavonoids and antioxidant potential of the extracts. Further, phytochemical analysis of HG17 extracts by high resolution liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer quadrupole time of flight validated the maximum potential of DgM. LCMS revealed the presence of garcimangosone C, osmanthuside A, and protoaphin aglucone polyphenols exclusively in DgM compared to other HG17 extracts, which possibly contributing in its high antioxidant potential. The overall differential extraction and LCMS data of HG17 strongly depict that it may be used as an alternative of SMG under diverse medical applications. HG17 higher antioxidant potential and rich array of unique phytochemicals make it valuable for food and pharmaceutical industries to integrate into functional foods/therapeutics.Practical ApplicationGarlic unique phytochemical composition and its remarkable ability to scavenge different radicals make it valuable therapeutic asset to mitigate diseases associated with oxidative stress. SMG is well known for its anti‐arthritic and anti‐inflammatory properties. HG17 showed higher antioxidant potential than SMG and can be used as an alternative of SMG for anti‐arthritic properties.
Microencapsulation of peanut skin polyphenols for shelf life improvement of sunflower seeds
Authors: Bergesse Antonella Estefanía , Camiletti Ornella Francina , Vázquez Carolina , Grosso Nelson Rubén , Ryan Liliana Cecilia , Nepote Valeria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDerived from industrial processing waste, peanut skins contain polyphenols that delay oxidative food spoilage. However, these compounds are susceptible to light, heat, and oxygen exposure. Microencapsulation provides a solution by offering protection from these factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of peanut skin extract microcapsules on the chemical, microbiological, and sensory property and shelf life of sunflower seeds during storage. Five roasted sunflower seed samples were prepared: control (S‐C); added with butylhydroxytoluene (S‐BHT); coated with carboxymethyl cellulose (S‐CMC); coated with CMC and the addition of peanut skin crude extract (S‐CMC‐CE); coated with CMC and the addition of microcapsules (S‐CMC‐M20). Sensory acceptability was determined using hedonic testing. Chemical (peroxide value, conjugated dienes, hexanal and nonanal content, and fatty acid profile), microbiological, and descriptive analyses were carried out on samples stored for 45 days at room temperature. Shelf life was calculated using a simple linear regression. All samples were microbiologically fit for human consumption and accepted by consumer panelists, scoring above five points on the nine‐point hedonic scale. S‐CMC‐M20 exhibited the lowest peroxide value (6.59 meqO2/kg) and hexanal content (0.4 µg/g) at the end of the storage. Estimated shelf life showed that S‐MC‐M20 (76.3 days) extended its duration nearly ninefold compared to S‐C (8.3 days) and doubled that of S‐CMC‐CE (37.5 days). This indicates a superior efficacy of microencapsulated extract compared to its unencapsulated form, presenting a promising natural strategy for improving the shelf life of analogous food items.Practical ApplicationIncorporating peanut skin extract microcapsules in coating sunflower seeds presents a promising strategy to extend the shelf life of lipid‐rich foods, capitalizing on the antioxidant properties of polyphenols. This innovative approach not only enhances nutritional quality but also addresses sustainability concerns by repurposing agro‐industrial byproducts, such as peanut skins. By meeting consumer demand for functional foods with added health benefits, this technique offers potential opportunities for the development of novel, value‐added food products while contributing to circular economy principles and waste management efforts.
Rare earth elements in biology: From biochemical curiosity to solutions for extractive industries
Authors: Rocha Raquel A. , Alexandrov Kirill , Scott Colin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRare earth elements (REEs) are critical for our modern lifestyles and the transition to a low‐carbon economy. Recent advances in our understanding of the role of REEs in biology, particularly methylotrophy, have provided opportunities to explore biotechnological innovations to improve REE mining and recycling. In addition to bacterial accumulation and concentration of REEs, biological REE binders, including proteins (lanmodulin, lanpepsy) and small molecules (metallophores and cofactors) have been identified that enable REE concentration and separation. REE‐binding proteins have also been used in several mechanistically distinct REE biosensors, which have potential application in mining and medicine. Notably, the role of REEs in biology has only been known for a decade, suggesting their considerable scope for developing new understanding and novel applications.
Postoperative pain, recovery and discharge after robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: A multicentre, single blinded, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hallengren S. , Schening A. , Lindström A.‐C. , Radros J. , Eriksson J. , Blomqvist E. , Knutas R. , Fällman N. , Aly M. , Gupta A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundGeneral anaesthesia is standard of care for patients undergoing robot assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). However, postoperative pain and bladder discomfort remains an issue, and optimising pain management could improve recovery and promote earlier home discharge. The main objective of this trial was to evaluate if patients receiving spinal anaesthesia are more frequently home ready at 8 pm on the same day compared with multimodal pain management following RALP under general anaesthesia.MethodsThis pragmatic, randomised controlled, multicentre trial was performed between January 2019 to December 2021. Patients undergoing RALP under general anaesthesia were randomised to either multimodal analgesia using parecoxib and morphine intra‐operatively (Group GM) or spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine and sufentanil (Group GS). The primary aim, home readiness, was assessed using a post‐anaesthesia discharge scoring system.ResultsOf 202 patients analysed, 27% patients reached home readiness criteria after 12 h, 46% after 24 h and 79% after 48 h, without differences between the groups. Urge to pass urine was greater in group GM than in group GS (p ⟨0.001) and lasted for a median of two hours in both groups. More patients expressed satisfaction with postoperative care in group GS (p ⟨0.001). No other significant differences were found between the groups.DiscussionWe found no difference in time to home readiness between the groups. Approximately one‐fourth of the patients achieved home readiness the same day after surgery without difference between the groups. Fewer patients had urge, and patient satisfaction was greater in group GS.
Age‐related changes to macrophage subpopulations and TREM2 dysregulation characterize attenuated fracture healing in old mice
Authors: Clark Daniel , Brazina Sloane , Miclau Ted , Park Sangmin , Hsieh Christine L. , Nakamura Mary , Marcucio Ralph 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFracture healing complications increase with age, with higher rates of delayed unions and nonunions and an associated increase in morbidity and mortality in older adults. Macrophages have a dynamic role in fracture healing, and we have previously demonstrated that age‐related changes in macrophages are associated with attenuated fracture repair in old mice. Here, we provide a single cell characterization of the immune cells involved in the early phase of fracture healing. We show that there were multiple transcriptionally distinct macrophage subpopulations present simultaneously within the healing tissue. Fracture healing was attenuated in old mice compared to young, and macrophages from the fracture callus of old mice demonstrated a pro‐inflammatory phenotype compared to young. Interestingly, Trem2 expression was decreased in old macrophages compared to young. Young mice lacking Trem2 demonstrated attenuated fracture healing and inflammatory dysregulation similar to old mice. Trem2 dysregulation has previously been implicated in other age‐related diseases, but its role in fracture healing is unknown. This work provides a robust characterization of the macrophage subpopulations involved in fracture healing, and further reveals the important role of Trem2 in fracture healing and may be a potential driver of age‐related inflammatory dysregulation. Future work may further examine macrophages and Trem2 as potential therapeutic targets for management of fracture repair in older adults.
Interventions to improve emergency department throughput and care delivery indicators: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Youssef Elias , Benabbas Roshanak , Choe Brittany , Doukas Donald , Taitt Hope A. , Verma Rajesh , Zehtabchi Shahriar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmergency department (ED) crowding has repercussions on acute care, contributing to prolonged wait times, length of stay, and left without being seen (LWBS). These indicators are regarded as systemic shortcomings, reflecting a failure to provide equitable and accessible acute care. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving ED care delivery indicators.MethodsThis was a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing ED interventions aimed at reducing key metrics of time to provider (TTP), time to disposition (TTD), and LWBS. We excluded disease‐specific trials (e.g., stroke). We used Cochrane's revised tool to assess the risk of bias and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations to rate the quality of evidence. The meta‐analysis was performed using a random‐effects model and Cochrane Q test for heterogeneity. Data were summarized as means (±SD) for continuous variables and risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and other major databases. A total of 1850 references were scanned and 20 RCTs were selected for inclusion. The trials reported at least one of the three outcomes of TTD, TTP, or LWBS. Most interventions focused on triage liaison physician and point‐of‐care (POC) testing. Others included upfront expedited workup (ordering tests before full evaluation by a provider), scribes, triage kiosks, and sending notifications to consultants or residents. POC testing decreased TTD by an average of 5–96 min (high heterogeneity) but slightly increased TTP by a mean difference of 2 min (95% CI 0.6–4 min). Utilizing a triage liaison physician reduced TTD by 28 min (95% CI 19–37 min; moderate‐quality evidence) and was more effective in reducing LWBS than routine triage (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.66–0.88; moderate quality).ConclusionsOperational strategies such as POC testing and triage liaison physicians could mitigate the impact of ED crowding and appear to be effective. The current evidence supports these strategies when tailored to the appropriate practice environment.
Moderate‐to‐severe cognitive impairment is associated with both recent and chronic alcohol misuse in people with HIV: The New Orleans alcohol use in HIV (NOAH) study
Authors: Fitzpatrick‐Schmidt Taylor , Oral Evrim , Welsh David A. , Molina Patricia E. , Ferguson Tekeda F. , Edwards Scott 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) profoundly impacts the nervous system, leading to neurological deficits including HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). HAND represents the most common neurological comorbidity among people with HIV (PWH), and alcohol use may exacerbate cognitive deficits, especially in vulnerable populations. This study investigated relationships between alcohol use and cognition in an underserved cohort of PWH, on the hypothesis that alcohol misuse exacerbates cognitive deficits.MethodsData collected from participants (n = 259; 66.7% male; mean age 52 ± 10 years) enrolled in the New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV (NOAH) study were utilized for cross‐sectional analysis. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and alcohol use was comprehensively measured using four metrics: the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), 30‐day timeline follow back (TLFB), lifetime drinking history, and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) levels.ResultsThe average MoCA score among participants was 20.7 ± 4.5, with 86.5% demonstrating cognitive impairment (MoCA < 26). Individuals with MoCA scores below 18 (moderately or severely cognitively impaired) had a higher frequency of recent severe alcohol misuse and greater lifetime alcohol consumption. Participants at increased risk for AUD (AUDIT ≥ 16) also had worse global cognition and memory task performance than those with lower AUDIT scores; this was particularly true among those aged 50 and older. Analysis of the MoCA sub‐score data indicated that participants with increased AUD risk had impairments in the cognitive domains of language and memory.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate a high prevalence of cognitive impairment in the NOAH cohort and suggest that alcohol misuse contributes to global cognitive deficits in PWH, especially among individuals aged 50 and older. Further exploration of the impact of alcohol use on specific cognitive domains, including memory and language, should incorporate additional cognitive tasks. These findings highlight the importance of considering alcohol use and AUD risk as significant factors that may exacerbate cognitive deficits in vulnerable populations, including older PWH.
Ink‐based textile electrodes for wearable functional electrical stimulation: A proof‐of‐concept study to evaluate comfort and efficacy
Authors: Dell'Eva F. , Oliveri V. , Sironi R. , Perego P. , Andreoni G. , Ferrante S. , Pedrocchi A. , Ambrosini E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundFunctional Electrical Stimulation (FES) represents a promising technique for promoting functional recovery in individuals with neuromuscular diseases. Traditionally, current pulses are delivered through self‐adhesive hydrogel Ag/AgCl electrodes, which allow a good contact with the skin, are easy‐to‐use and have a moderate cost. However, skin adherence decreases after a few uses and skin irritations can originate. Recently, textile electrodes have become an attractive alternative as they assure increased durability, easy integration into clothes and can be conveniently cleaned, improving the wearability of FES. However, as various manufacture processes were attempted, their clear validation is lacking. This proof‐of‐concept study proposes a novel set of ink‐based printed textile electrodes and compares them to adhesive hydrogel electrodes in terms of impedance, stimulation performance and perceived comfort.MethodsThe skin–electrode impedance was evaluated for both types of electrodes under different conditions. These electrodes were then used to deliver FES to the Rectus Femoris of 14 healthy subjects to induce its contraction in both isometric and dynamic conditions. This allowed to compare the two types of electrodes in terms of sensory, motor, maximum and pain thresholds, FES‐induced range of motion during dynamic tests, FES‐induced torque during isometric tests and perceived stimulation comfort.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found both in terms of stimulation performance (Wilcoxon test) and comfort (Generalized Linear Mixed Model).ConclusionThe results showed that the proposed ink‐based printed textile electrodes can be effectively used as alternative to hydrogel ones. Further experiments are needed to evaluate their durability and their response to sterilizability and stretching tests.
Paediatric gender medicine: Longitudinal studies have not consistently shown improvement in depression or suicidality
Authors: McDeavitt Kathleen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimSystematic literature reviews have found the evidence for hormonal interventions in paediatric‐age patients with gender dysphoria is of low certainty. Studies in this field have all been observational, and generally of low quality. Nevertheless, some experts assert that the observational studies in this field have consistently found improvement in mental health, and therefore constitute sufficient evidentiary basis for hormonal interventions. The present review sought to characterise results of the longitudinal clinical research studies that have reported depression and suicidality outcomes.MethodsThe present review collated, from examination of six existing reviews, 14 longitudinal clinical research studies that have specifically investigated depression and/or suicidality outcomes.ResultsSignificantly positive depression outcomes were reported in six studies, and significantly positive suicidality outcomes in two studies. Outcomes were negative in the largest study. Notably, some studies articulated positive conclusions about hormonal interventions even in the setting of insignificant, small or negative findings.ConclusionsAnalysis of longitudinal clinical research in this field showed inconsistent demonstration of benefit with respect to depression and suicidality. This analysis suggests that, contrary to assertions of some experts and North American professional medical organisations, the impact of hormonal interventions on depression and suicidality in this population is unknown.
Letter: Third‐line therapy in acute severe ulcerative colitis, exploring the uncertainty and unanswered questions
Authors: Chetwood J. D. , Ding N. S. 
Published: June 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to García et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17938 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18104.