bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental awareness of the emergency management of avulsed teeth in children
Authors: Raphael Sarah L. , Gregory Peter J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAlthough public awareness campaigns on avulsed teeth have been mounted in the past, no study has investigated the knowledge parents possess of the protocol for the management of this dental emergency. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate, by means of a questionnaire, the parental awareness of the emergency management of avulsed teeth in children.Over 2000 parents were surveyed during a four‐week period at 20 suburban vacation swimming centres. The results indicated that almost two‐thirds of respondents would attempt replantation of an avulsed tooth but further questioning showed they did not know the correct procedures. Thirty‐three per cent of respondents were unaware of any after‐hours emergency dental services. Ninety‐two per cent felt they should seek professional help urgently following an avulsion injury, but their knowledge of transport media for the tooth was poor. Only 5 per cent knew that milk was the medium of choice for both washing and transporting an avulsed tooth. Ninety per cent of parents surveyed had never received advice on what to do in the event of an accident where a permanent tooth was avulsed.This study revealed the need for educational campaigns aimed at parents to increase their knowledge of the emergency procedures required when a tooth is avulsed.
Aptitude testing and the selection of dental students
Authors: Spratley M. H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper discusses the problems involved in the selection of dental students and the need for some form of aptitude testing. It describes the situation in the United Kingdom both in the past and the present, and then describes in detail the situation in North America (both in the United States and Canada). The Dental Admission Test, its history and the research into its development are described with particular emphasis on the dexterity, perceptual and aptitude components of the test. More recent research into dexterity and aptitude testing of dental students is also covered. However, it is apparent that many questions remain unanswered.
Survey of dental practice/dental education in Victoria. Part III. Trends in general dental practice
Authors: Stewart Barry L. , Macmillan Cleo H. , Ralph William J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe responses of practising dentists in regard to clinical time spent and demand trends in dental practice were combined with recent graduates' views of the emphasis given to various disciplines during their undergraduate training in order to provide information which might assist the undergraduate curriculum review.The greatest proportion of clinical time spent by general practitioners on various clinical disciplines was reported to be restorative, preventive, diagnostic and endodontic services. There was evidence to suggest that there is an increasing demand for a broad range of clinical services, particularly in country locations, and that general practitioners appear to be expanding their range of services, including those traditionally offered by specialists. Highest increasing demand over the past five years were for recent advances in ‘aesthetic dentistry’, endodontics, preventive services, orthodontics, periodontics and fixed prosthodontics. High rates of referral were reported only for fixed orthodontics and major oral surgery.Almost twice as many practitioners overall reported an increase (44 per cent) rather than a decrease (26 per cent) in volume of patients over the last five years. This trend was much more evident in country practices, however, with 55 per cent and 22 per cent compared with Melbourne city, 37 per cent and 29 per cent, increasing and decreasing, respectively.Although dental educators are challenged to ensure that graduates are adequately prepared clinically to meet the demands of dental practice there is mounting pressure to support the introduction of an intern year prior to full registration.
Connective tissues of the periodontium. Research and clinical implications
Authors: Bartold P. Mark 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe periodontium is a complex anatomical site composed of a variety of hard and soft connective tissues. The site is subjected to enormous daily chemical and mechanical abuse, yet, for the most part remains relatively intact. Nonetheless, when breakdown does occur, the ability of the periodontium to regenerate is sometimes limited. This review considers the various components of the periodontium and how they might be involved in not only the pathology of periodontal diseases but also the various reparative and regenerative processes required during wound healing. In addition, the importance of external factors such as a variety of commonly prescribed medications on these events is discussed.
Limitations of rotational panoramic radiographs in the diagnosis of maxillary lesions. Case report
Authors: Lilienthal B. , Punnia‐Moorthy A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis case report clearly demonstrates that mis‐diagnosis may result from failure to recognize the limitations dictated by the width of the focal trough in rotational panoramic radiographs. The patient's clinical signs and symptoms were at variance with the findings from the rotational panoramic radiograph. A subsequent radiographic view by the occipito‐mental (Water's) projection showed the extent and malignant features of the lesion.
The role of oral bacteria in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis
Authors: Knox K. W. , Hunter N. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractVarious micro‐organisms have been implicated as causative agents for bacterial endocarditis, including lactobacilli and in particular the viridans streptococci which are more commonly associated with dental caries. Of these, the most frequently isolated one has the descriptive name Streptococcus sanguis. The disease is characterized by growth of microorganisms within a platelet‐fibrin thrombus protruding from a valve leaflet. An understanding of the pathogenesis involves knowledge of the mechanisms of conversion of the normal vascular surface to a thrombogenic one and the adhesion of micro‐organisms to such surfaces. Model systems to study this interaction include experimental animals, mammalian epithelial cells and platelets, and proteins such as fibronectin and fibrinogen. Microbial protein surface components (adhesins) and lipoteichoic acid have also been implicated. Capsular polysaccharides may be involved, but the role of dextrans formed from sucrose has been overemphasized as the polymers are not formed in situ.Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients at risk is based on bacteriostatic or bactericidal action. However, bacterial cell surface components involved in adhesion may also be affected, and knowledge of such reactions could provide a more rational basis for antibiotic prophylaxis.
Three‐year clinical evaluation of dentine bonding agents
Authors: Tyas Martin J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEighty Class V non‐undercut cervical abrasion lesions were restored using four dentine bonding agents and composite resin. The restorations were examined over a three‐year period, and the cumulative loss rate calculated each year. Marginal staining at each year was assessed using a standardized photographic method. The loss rate of restorations increased generally over the three‐year period, reaching 30 to 60 per cent for the four products. Marginal staining also increased for all four products over the three‐year period.
Talon cusp in Malaysia
Authors: Meon Rusmah 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFive hundred and thirty‐six patients were examined for the presence of talon cusps. The anomaly was observed in 28 patients (5.2 per cent). There was no sex predilection in the occurrence. Only two patients had a bilateral occurrence, with the maxillary lateral incisors being the most commonly affected. Radiographic evidence of pulpal extension into the cusp was observed in five patients. Many of the affected teeth presented with deep developmental grooves some of which were carious and/or occlusal interference leading to malocclusion.
A case of AIDS presenting as intra‐oral malignant lymphoma
Authors: Donkor P. , Punnia‐Moorthy A. , Painter D. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA range of oral manifestations in a patient who was subsequently confirmed as infected with the human immune deficiency virus are presented. Most of these lesions have been previously reported in the literature, and represent opportunistic infection changes resulting from immune deficiency. The rare occurrence of a malignant large cell lymphoma intraorally in this patient is also reported. The need for clinicians to treat all oral lesions as potentially infective and to wear gloves routinely is stressed.
The scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery in Australia and New Zealand. A postal survey
Authors: Goss Alastair N. , Gerke Dale C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe current scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery in Australia and New Zealand was explored with a survey of full members of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons resident in the region. There was an 83 per cent usable response rate and the objectivity of the data was confirmed by check questions and material from other sources. The study showed that oral and maxillofacial surgery is the surgical speciality of dentistry with the core of referral and surgical services being dento‐alveolar. However, the essential knowledge of the anatomy, pathology, and surgery of the orofacial region forms the basis for the wider scope of modern oral and maxillofacial surgery. Current surgery includes management of trauma, pathology, dentofacial deformity, and a wide range of reconstructive surgery including grafts and implants.
Soft tissue calcifications in the differential diagnosis of opacities superimposed over the mandible by dental panoramic radiography
Authors: Monsour Paul A. , Romaniuk Kornel , Hutchings Roxanne D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNot all opacities observed on panoramic dental radiographs are associated with the jaws. Two thousand six hundred and twenty‐eight panoramic radiographs obtained from a single dental health clinic were evaluated for the presence of opacities associated with the mandible. Opacities were observed in 4 per cent of cases. The radiographic features of these opacities are presented. The importance of including soft tissue calcifications which may be superimposed over the mandible on panoramic views in the differential diagnosis is discussed. Information on the various soft tissue calcifications which can occur in this region is presented.
Eosinophilic granuloma of the oral region: A potential diagnostic problem
Authors: Cronin A. J. , Stevenson A. R. L. , Austin B. W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEosinophilic granuloma is a condition which may initially present with oral symptoms. Its variable oral clinical manifestations can result in a potential diagnostic problem for the dental surgeon. Two cases are presented which illustrate the difficulties in making a definitive diagnosis. The importance of a biopsy in diagnosis and the use of a whole‐body skeletal scan in formulating a treatment plan are highlighted
The effect of cheese on dental caries: A review of the literature
Authors: Herod Edward L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe relationship between nutrition and dental health has been a topic of interest for many years. Recently, the cariostatic properties of cheese have been the subject of intensive research. Most of these studies suggest that the use of cheese as the final food in a meal will help to reduce caries. Several mechanisms by which cheese may reduce enamel demineralization have been proposed.Chewing cheese stimulates saliva flow. The alkaline nature of saliva buffers the acids formed in plaque. There is also an increased rate of sugar clearance due to the diluting action of cheese‐stimulated saliva. Research has also suggested that chewing cheese may reduce the levels of cariogenic bacteria. This may be secondary to the reduced incidence of caries as conditions within a carious lesion tend to promote the growth of these organisms. The high calcium and phosphorus content seems to be another factor in the cariostatic mechanism of cheese. Both casein and whey protein seem to be involved in the reduction of enamel demineralization. Casein phosphopeptides may also be responsible for some anticariogenicity by concentrating calcium and phosphate in plaque.An overview of the effect of milk on dental caries is also presented in this review.
Primitive neuroectodermal tumour in the oral cavity. Case report
Authors: Yeo J. F. , Loh H. S. , Sng I. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPrimitive neuroectodermal tumour is regarded as a rarely seen lesion as it occurs mainly within the central nervous system. However, this neoplasm does occasionally occur elsewhere in the body. One such case which occurred in the posterior part of the palate in a child is reported. Following a combined therapeutic approach comprising surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the patient has been well for nine years since treatment.
Bony lid approach for apicoectomy of mandibular molars
Authors: Lasaridis N. , Zouloumis L. , Antoniadis K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractApicoectomy in the lower molar region is indicated in many instances to avoid the need for prosthetic appliances. Nevertheless it is a method sometimes rejected by oral surgeons because of the thickness of the buccal compact bone in the lower molar area leading to extensive bone loss in addition to a restriction of vision and access during the operation.The present study reports twenty‐four cases of apicoectomized mandibular molars treated with the bony lid approach which facilitates considerably the apicoectomy procedure. Once part of the buccal compact bone in the periapical area of the molars is removed, favourable conditions are created for the completion of the operation under direct vision of the operational field. The replacement of the buccal compact bone then minimizes the dimensions of the remaining bone cavity.
The hard tissue lesion revisited
Authors: Goodman John M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRecent research indicates that the thorough removal of calculus is still a critical step in the treatment of periodontal disease. Surgical access facilitates this in deep pockets. Repair is mediated by a long junctional epithelium as microscopically total calculus removal is rarely achieved. In intrabony defects the apical portion of the root surface which has not attracted deposits of calculus has the potential for connective tissue reattachment and regeneration if care is taken to preserve collagen fibres still attached to the root.
A national survey of dentists' management of children with anxiety or behaviour problems
Authors: Wright F. A. C. , Giebartowski J. E. , McMurray N. E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSeven‐hundred and sixty dentists, selected randomly from all States and Territories except Victoria, responded to a questionnaire survey on beliefs, attitudes and the techniques used in the management of children with anxiety or behaviour problems. The most common techniques used were permitting the child some degree of control over terminating treatment if difficulties were experienced, coaxing and reinforcing positive behaviours, and furnishing waiting areas with child‐oriented play materials. Most respondents never used TV or video‐tape distraction strategies, film or video‐modelling tape or hypnosis. More than half of the respondents believed there was insufficient information available to them on current anxiety/behaviour management techniques.The use of particular management techniques varied by gender, age, university of graduation, State or Territory of residence, and membership of the Australian and New Zealand Society of Paediatric Dentistry. Patterns of use of particular techniques showed similarities and contrasts with other studies. Patterns of use in the national sample were almost identical to the frequency and pattern of use by Victorian dentists. In contrast, however, North American studies have reported a higher frequency of use of hand‐over‐mouth, and lower use of general anaesthesia within the armamentarium of techniques and strategies used by dentists to manage anxious or difficult children.
A laboratory study of glass ionomer cement as a retrograde root‐filling material
Authors: Roth Stephan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis laboratory study investigated the use of various glass ionomer cements for retrograde root filling from the point of view of sealing qualities, ion release and ease of application. The sealing qualities of the material were tested by dye penetration and microscopic and SEM examination. Fluoride and silver ion release tests showed an initial loss of these two ions from the glass ionomer cement. A modified system for mixing and application was developed. Dye penetration did not differ from that of controls using vertically condensed gutta‐percha. Glass ionomer cement is possibly a clinical alternative for the sealing of retrograde cavities; however, the silver‐reinforced materials may cause tissue irritation from release of silver ions and their corrosion products.
Large database management in clinical dental research
Authors: Webster David A. , Smales Roger J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPreviously the management and analysis of large databases for longitudinal clinical dental research has been severely restricted by the costs of custom‐made software and access to suitable computing equipment. However, the recent availabiity of powerful personal computers and the use of the Scientific Information Retrieval Database Management System (SIR/DBMS) in association with BMDP Statistical Software has now created an enormously powerful tool for extensive and fast data manipulation requiring relatively few commands and the capability to easily perform detailed statistical analyses.
Transmigration of permanent mandibular canines. Case report
Authors: Shanmuhasuntharam P. , Boon Lian Chin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTransmigration is the migration of a tooth across the midline of the jaw. This phenomenon is found only in relation to the permanent mandibular canines. Two cases are reported. In both, the cause of this deviation was an odontome found in the site normally occupied by the mandibular canine. The literature on transmigration is reviewed.
Effects of pulsing with xylitol on mixed continuous cultures of oral streptococci
Authors: Rogers A. H. , Pilowsky K. A. , Zilm P. S. , Gully N. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractContinuous culture is a means whereby organisms can be grown at rates approaching those occurring naturally. Moreover, the effect of adding transient excesses of various nutrients to the culture vessel (‘pulsing’) simulates the effect of dietary challenge on dental plaque organisms. Mixed cultures of Streptococcus mutans T8 and Streptococcus milleri B448 were grown glucose‐limited in a chemically defined medium under an atmosphere of 5 per cent carbon dioxide in nitrogen, at a dilution rate of D = 0.1 h‐1 and controlled pH of 7.0. The level of arginine in the medium reservoir was adjusted so that Strep. milleri predominated over Strep. mutans in a stable co‐existence. After equilibration, the culture vessel was pulsed with various carbohydrates to a final concentration of 5 times 10‐2mol/L. Samples were then taken at regular intervals and differential viable counts of Strep. mutans and Strep. milleri were done on mitissalivarius agar. Results demonstrated that pulsing with glucose, fructose, ‘coupling sugar’, lactose, xylose and sorbitol gave Strep. mutans a clear ecological advantage. In direct contrast, pulsing with xylitol resulted in a marked antimicrobial effect on Strep. mutans while Strep. milleri was essentially unaffected. This supports recent findings by other workers that uptake of this pentitol by Strep. mutans in batch culture sets up a ‘futile cycle’, leading to depressed growth or even cell death.
Cariostatic effect of glass ionomer cement: a five‐year clinical study
Authors: Tyas Martin J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractComposite resin and glass ionomer cement were used to restore 67 and 65 Class V carious lesions, respectively. The restorations were assessed each year for recurrent caries and marginal staining. After five years, 1 per cent of glass ionomer and 6 per cent of composite restorations had become carious, and there was approximately twice as much marginal staining around the composite as around the glass ionomers. There appear to be significant benefits in using glass ionomer to restore Class V carious lesions.
Clinical evaluation of restoration margins by an endoscopic microscope
Authors: L'Estrange P. R. , Karlsson S. L. , Ödman P. , Stegersjö G. , Engström B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA method is presented for high magnification, clinical examination and recording of the marginal fit of dental restorations. An endoscopic microscope used in conjunction with video recording facilities affords acceptable colour records of restorative procedures for monitoring purposes. The suggestion is made that the concept of ‘fit’ in the clinical context has not been adequately addressed. The technique described has other clinical and research implications.
Diet and feeding patterns in high risk pre‐school children
Authors: Stacey M. A. , Wright F. A. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA survey of 60 pre‐school children both from Anglo‐Saxon and Lebanese backgrounds collected detailed information on subjects' oral health status and dietary and feeding habits. Lebanese subjects had significantly higher caries experience (mean dmfs = 4.88) than Anglo‐Saxon subjects (mean dmfs = 0.56). Subjects from the different backgrounds varied significantly also in the frequency of exposure to cariogenic agents and health practices. In each situation Lebanese children were exposed to higher risk factors than Anglo‐Saxon children. Notwithstanding the association between variables, the best single predictor of variance in caries experience of subjects, explaining 23 per cent of the variance in dmfs, was the mother's level of education. Culturally relevant health education programmes need to address the specific requirements of high risk groups.
Clinical and microbiological investigations of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Liew V. P. , Frisken K. W. , Touyz S. W. , Beumont P. J. V. , Williams H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSeveral studies have examined the relationship between anorexia nervosa and oral status. However, none has used control subjects. Furthermore, none has examined bacteriological data in these subjects to determine whether dietary restrictions, particularly of carbohydrates, change the levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species.Fifteen female subjects recently hospitalized for anorexia were studied along with fifteen age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. The parameters examined included salivary pH and flow rate, levels of S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp., DMFT scores, facial and palatal plaque scores, periodontal pocketing, gingival recession and bleeding following gentle probing.Compared with control subjects, anorexics had significantly lower salivary pH (7.1 ± 0.4 vs 7.6 ± 0.3, p<0.01), more facial and lingual surfaces with plaque scores of 1 (facial plaque 38 per cent vs 18 per cent, p<0.01, lingual plaque 47 per cent vs 29 per cent, p<0.01), more surfaces with gingival recession (1 mm‐7.9 per cent vs 1.8 per cent, p<0.001; 2 mm‐1.7 per cent vs 0.2 per cent, p<0.001; >2 mm‐0.6 per cent vs 0.0 per cent, p<0.001), more surfaces with bleeding on probing (16.9 per cent vs 6.5 per cent, p<0.001) and fewer sextants with CPITN scores of 0 (1.9 ± 1.5 vs 3.2 ± 1.0, p<0.01).The results of this study indicate that prolonged periods of dietary restriction did not result in changes to some bacteria implicated in caries and nor did it result in lower DMFT rates or salivary flow but did result in more acidic saliva. Furthermore, anorexics are more likely to show changes indicative of gingivitis and recession but not necessarily of periodontitis compared with control subjects.