bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolutionary basis of reproductive isolation in Mediterranean orchids
Authors: Cozzolino Salvatore , Widmer Alex 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe extraordinary floral diversity in orchids reflects the importance of orchid‐pollinator associations in orchid evolution, and pollination biology is regarded as a driving force in orchid diversification and speciation. As a consequence, a prominent role has been attributed to the specificity of orchid‐pollinator associations and to pollinator mediated pre‐mating barriers for maintaining reproductive isolation among orchid species. Changes in floral morphology, coloration or odor may lead to the attraction of different pollinators and to the occupation of different ethological niches. Although this concept is appealing, it does not find strong support in Mediterranean orchids, subtribe Orchidinae, where phylogenetic studies have revealed that speciation is not strictly associated with shifts in pollination biology and where numerous literature reports described the wide occurrence of hybridization. Most Mediterranean orchids are food‐deceptive, by generally mimicking rewarding plants, and the low specificity of this pollination strategy is the main cause of the observed hybridization. Genetic analyses of hybrid zones have revealed that most hybrid individuals were first generation hybrids. These findings, together with the absence of polyploid chromosome numbers, suggest that hybridization is of limited importance as basis for speciation in Mediterranean orchids. However, strong karyotype differences between closely related species that share pollinators, suggest that chromosomal changes play a prominent role in reducing hybrid fitness and maintaining reproductive isolation among sympatric Mediterranean orchid species.
Cladistic and phenetic analyses of relationships in Vicia subgenus Cracca (Fabaceae) based on morphological data
Authors: Leht Malle 
Published: May 2010

AbstractVariation of 89 multistate morphological characters in 44 species of Vicia subgen. Cracca was investigated with cladistic and phenetic methods using Lathyrus sylvestris and Pisum elatius as outgroups. The subgenus appears monophyletic; the Ervum group is supported as a section. Sections Vicilla and Cassubicae appear monophyletic when V. amoena is moved to section Cassubicae. Placement of V. biennis in a separate section is supported, sections Variegatae and Panduratae are nested in section Cracca, and section Pedunculatae is not supported as monophyletic. Use of different outgroups results in slightly different substructures for sect. Cracca.
IUCN Red List assessment and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation: taxonomists must actnow
Authors: Callmander Martin W. , Schatz George E. , Lowry Porter P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) sets a series of ambitious targets for 2010 to stem the loss of plant diversity. Target 2 calls for a preliminary assessment of the conservation status of all known plant species, at national, regional and international levels, but with less than 3% of global diversity assessed to date, the process must be greatly accelerated. This can best be done by mobilizing plant taxonomists to identify species that are threatened (or potentially threatened) using available distribution data from herbaria and other sources, and by including preliminary IUCN Red List assessments in all their taxonomic works. Emphasis should be placed on rare taxa with restricted ranges, which are the most likely to be at risk. Sufficient data are available for preliminary assessment of nearly all species, thereby limiting the number that must be relegated to “data deficient” status (DD). The taxonomic community can play a unique role in fulfilling the GSPC goals, but we must act quickly.
Typification ofCodriophorus fascicularis(Grimmiaceae)
Authors: Bednarek-Ochyra Halina , Ochyra Ryszard 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA taxonomic and nomenclatural history ofCodriophorus fascicularis(Hedw.) Bednarek‐Ochyra & Ochyra (≡Trichostomum fasciculareHedw.;Racomitrium fasciculare(Hedw.) Brid.) is presented. In the absence of original material of this species in the Hedwig herbarium at Geneva, figure 28 on table 47 in the DillenianHistoria Muscorumof 1741 is selected as lectotype and a corresponding specimen preserved in his personal herbarium at Oxford is chosen as epitype of this species name. The epitype specimen is described and illustrated, and it represents the typical morphophase of the taxon characterized by the presence of short tuft‐like horizontal lateral branchlets. The nomenclatural status ofBryum lutescensDicks. (≡Trichostomum lutescens(Dicks.) P. Beauv.) andRacomitrium virescensLindb. is briefly discussed, and these names are considered to be legitimate. Both names are lectotypified and their synonymy withCodriophorus fascicularisis, thereby, confirmed.
Lectotypification of Callicocca ipecacuanha Brot. and neotypification of Cephaelis acuminata H.Karst., with reference to the drug ipecac
Authors: de Boer Hugo J. , Thulin Mats 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe main pharmacopoeias cite the roots of Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brot.) A.Rich. (≡ Callicocca ipecacuanha Brot.) and Cephaelis acuminata H.Karst. as the source of the crude drug ipecac. However, C. acuminata does not occur in botanical literature, except in connection with the original description, and this falls entirely within the variation of the widespread and variable Cephaelis ipecacuanha. Callicocca ipecacuanha was described from Brazil, but no type specimen has been found and the name is here lectotypified with an illustration from the protologue. For Cephaelis acuminata, described from Colombia, no original material is extant, and a recent specimen from Colombia is here selected to serve as neotype. In the most recent revision of the group the name Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson is used for the species.
Nomenclatural synopsis of Marantaceae in Thailand
Authors: Suksathan Piyakaset , Borchsenius Finn 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFive genera of Marantaceae with a total of 14 species occur in Thailand. Full nomenclatural citations are provided with notes on typification, synonyms and distribution of all taxa. One generic and eleven species names are lectotypified; one species name is neotypified; twenty‐two new synonymisations are reported; the new combination Stachyphrynium repens (Körn.) Suksathan & Borchs. is also made. Important taxonomic characters for species delimitation and their variation within and between taxa are discussed where new synonymy is included.
Species level phylogeny of the genus Cornus (Cornaceae) based on molecular and morphological evidence—implications for taxonomy and Tertiary intercontinental migration
Authors: Xiang Qiu-Yun (Jenny) , Thomas David T. , Zhang Wenheng , Manchester Steven R. , Murrell Zack 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDNA sequences were generated for matK and ITS for 68 and 103 samples of Cornus to reconstruct a species level phylogeny of the genus. The results support the monophyly of most subgenera, except subg. Kraniopsis and subg. Cornus. Subgenus Kraniopsis was suggested to exclude C. peruviana from South America and subg. Afrocrania and subg. Sinocornus were nested within subg. Cornus. Four major clades corresponding to groups also recognizable by morphological differences were revealed: the big‐bracted dogwoods (BB) including subg. Cynoxylon, subg. Syncarpea, and subg. Discocrania, the dwarf dogwoods (DW) including subg. Arctocrania, the cornelian cherries (CC) including subg. Cornus, subg. Sinocornus, and subg. Afrocrania, and the blue‐ or white‐fruited dogwoods (BW) including subg. Kraniopsis, subg. Mesomora, and subg. Yinquania. This finding is consistent with previous studies with more limited sampling. The single South American species C. peruviana was found to be sister to the Asian C. oblonga of subg. Yinquania, adding a fourth intercontinental disjunction in the genus that was previously unknown. Species relationships within the subgenera were clearly resolved except for the relatively large subg. Syncarpea and subg. Kraniopsis. Phylogenetic analyses of total evidence combining morphology, matK, ITS, and previously published rbcL and 26S rDNA sequences resolved the relationships among subgenera as (BW(CC(BB, DW))). Biogeographic analyses using DIVA with or without fossils resulted in different inferences of biogeographic history of the genus, indicating the importance of fossil data in biogeographic analyses. The phylogeny based on the total evidence tree including fossils supports an origin and early Tertiary diversification of Cornus in Europe and multiple trans‐Atlantic migrations between Europe and North America by the early Tertiary. It also supports that distribution of the few species in the southern hemisphere was not ancestral, but a result of migration from the north. This evidence rejects a previous hypothesis of a southern hemispheric origin of the genus.
Phylogeography of plants in Taiwan and the Ryukyu Archipelago
Authors: Chiang Tzen-Yuh , Schaal Barbara A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTaiwan and Ryukyus constitute an archipelago lying on the western rim of the Pacific Ocean. In contrast to volcanic islands that often arise sequentially, these continental islands emerged almost simultaneously as the Luzon arc collided with the Eurasian margin some 9 million years ago (Mya). Taiwan and Ryukyus attained their modern features and their current flora and fauna from the adjacent mainland and from tropical Asia only 5–6 Mya. Quaternary glaciation led to a drop in sea level of the South China Sea and a land bridge that connected the Taiwan‐Ryukyu Archipelago to the mainland, which allowed plants and animals to migrate across what was previously ocean. These islands provided refugia for northern species that migrated south during glacial periods, as indicated by unanticipated high levels of genetic diversity in island populations of plants like Cunninghamia and Pinus. For most insect‐pollinated species, allozymes and nuclear DNA markers indicate significant genetic differentiation between populations and between geographical regions of the archipelago. In contrast, organelle based DNA markers suggest a migrant‐pool model, where colonists are recruited from a random sample of source populations. Consistent with this model, low elevation species have high genetic heterogeneity within populations and low levels of genetic differentiation between populations. In contrast, colonization of alpine species appeared to follow a phalanx model due to the limited availability of high elevation habitats. Genetic differentiation was detected between fragmented populations of the alpine species. A scenario of stepwise colonization from the mainland to near and then distant islands remains to be tested, although several studies indicate no such pattern. These conflicting results challenge the ability to define clear conservation criteria for the rare plant species of the archipelago.
Molecular systematics of Syzygium and allied genera (Myrtaceae): evidence from the chloroplast genome
Authors: Biffin Ed , Craven Lyn A. , Crisp Michael D. , Gadek Paul A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWith as many as 1000 included species, Syzygium s.l. (including Syzygium and segregate genera such as Acmena, Acmenosperma, Cleistocalyx, Piliocalyx, and Waterhousea) comprises one of the major lineages within Myrtaceae, and is an important component of the Old‐World tropical rainforest flora. As with other large genera, high species richness, an extensive distribution and relative homogeneity in morphology have hindered attempts to divide Syzygium s.l. Here, we investigate higher level relationships within the group, using parsimony and Bayesian analyses of cpDNA sequences from the matK and ndhF genes and the rpl 16 intron, generated for a total of 87 species from the Syzygium group and eight outgroup taxa. Within the ingroup, four major well supported clades are found, which form a basal polytomy along with S. wesa and monotypic Anetholea. Generally, the molecular data provide little support for traditional divisions of Syzygium s.l., and the recognition of segregate groups such as Acmena, Acmenosperma, Cleistocalyx, Piliocalyx and Waterhousea. While homoplasy amongst morphological characters has misled attempts to divide the group, detailed and critical assessments of placental, ovular and seed morphology may provide novel insights into evolutionary relationships, and are an important future step in the development of a sound higher level taxonomy for Syzygium s.l.
Origin and relationships of the austral genusAbrotanella(Asteraceae) inferred from DNA sequences
Authors: Wagstaff Steven J. , Breitwieser Ilse , Swenson Ulf 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRelationships of the small austral genus Abrotanella are uncertain. It was previously included in the Anthemideae or more recently in the Senecioneae. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of 39 accessions that included most species of Abrotanella and putative relatives including Blennosperma, Crocidium and Ischnea. These four genera have been considered to form subtribe Blennospermatinae. Our results suggest that the Blennospermatinae are polyphyletic; Blennosperma, Crocidium and Ischnea form a well‐supported clade nested within the Senecioneae, while Abrotanella forms another well‐supported clade that is distinct from these genera and its sister is not resolved. Molecular dating of Abrotanella suggests that the lineage initially diverged during the early Miocene. Secondary species radiations in Australasia and in southern South America that occurred 3 million years ago undoubtedly reflect long‐distance dispersal, colonization and speciation. Both the ITS region and the 5' trnK/matK chloroplast DNA intron gave similar divergence estimates. The estimates were also robust to changes in the tree topology and to the different methods used to calculate divergence times.
Phylogenetic context, generic affinities and evolutionary origin of the enigmatic Balkan orchidGymnadenia frivaldiiHampe ex Griseb.
Authors: Bateman Richard M. , Rudall Paula J. , James Karen E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAlthough originally ascribed to the genus Gymnadenia R. Br. (Orchidinae: Orchidaceae), the Balkan endemic orchid G. frivaldii Hampe ex Griseb. has since been more frequently assigned to Pseudorchis Séguier (syn. Leucorchis E. Mey., Bicchia Parl.). Molecular phylogenetic analysis using the ITS region of rDNA reveals a large disparity between the two genera and demonstrates that frivaldii is embedded well within Gymnadenia s.s. Macromorphological and SEM studies further elucidate the floral and vegetative similarities between G. frivaldii and Pseudorchis, notably the heterochronically reduced gynostemium and small, short‐spurred labellum; these similarities represent convergent evolutionary transitions, whereas other characters such as contrasting stigma and tuber morphologies provide stronger phylogenetic signals. The sequence‐based phylogeny suggests that G. frivaldii represents one of three cases of independent paedomorphic floral reduction inferred in the genus; simplification has been more severe than in G. odoratissima but less severe than in the closely related Gymnadenia subgenus Nigritella. Alternatively, an effectively instantaneous evolutionary origin through hybridisation with a (most likely diploid) species of subgenus Nigritella remains possible. Reports of rare hybridisation between G. frivaldii and members of subgenus Nigritella are acceptably well documented, whereas reports of hybridisation with several other more phylogenetically distant orchid species (including the often sympatric Pseudorchis albida) are considered less secure.
Notes on the infrageneric classification of Festuca L. (Gramineae)
Authors: Müller Jochen , Catalán Pilar 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBased on results of recent phylogenetic studies, two new sections of Festuca L. (F. sect. Lojaconoa, F. sect. Dimorphae) are described from the Euromediterranean region. Festuca sect. Lojaconoa is typified by Festuca coerulescens and also includes F. patula. Festuca sect. Dimorphae is typified by F. dimorpha and also includes F. laxa and F. pseudolaxa. Differentiation of these groups from other tax, traditionally considered related [i.e., Festuca sect. Subbulbosae Nyman ex Hack. and F. sect. Amphigenes (Janka) Tzvel.], is discussed. Festuca sect. Subbulbosae is lectotypified. The correct names of the species hitherto known as Festuca carpatica F. Dietr. and F. triflora Desf. are F. pseudolaxa Schur and F. patula Desf., respectively.
Comparative morphology and rhizome anatomy of two new species of Zygophlebia (Grammitidaceae) from Madagascar and notes on the generic circumscription of Zygophlebia and Ceradenia
Authors: Rakotondrainibe France , Deroin Thierry 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe recognition of two new Malagasy species of Grammitidaceae, Zygophlebia goodmanii and Z. anjanaharibensis, puts into question some morphological and anatomical features separating the related genera Zygophlebia and Ceradenia, which until now were mainly defined based on neotropical taxa. The two new species share with Zygophlebia and Ceradenia subgen. Filicipecten a rhizome with dorsiventral symmetry and an amphiphloic siphonostele, well‐differentiated phyllopodia, a deeply pinnatifid lamina without hydathodes at the tips of veins, and glandular receptacular paraphyses. Because of the non‐waxy translucent exudates of their paraphyses, the two new taxa are placed in the genus Zygophlebia, in spite of their mostly free leaf veins. Peculiar vascular gaps, unrelated to phyllopodial insertions and distinctive of Zygophlebia, are found in the rhizome stele of Z. goodmanii. The lack of setiform hairs and the distal sori location in Z. anjanaharibensis do not allow for linking this species to any of the three groups previously described by Bishop in Zygophlebia.
A new species of Keteleeria (Pinaceae) in the Shanwang Miocene flora of China and its phytogeographic connection with North America
Authors: Wang Yu-Fei , Xiang Qiao-Ping , Ferguson David K. , Zastawniak Ewa , Yang Jian , Li Cheng-Sen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe presence of Keteleeria in the Miocene of eastern China is confirmed by the discovery of a cone, winged seeds, and leafy shoots. These are described and compared with other fossil and recent representatives. The best match was with K. rujadana, a K. fortunei‐like fossil from the Oligocene of Oregon, U.S.A. The presence of similar, if not identical taxa, on both sides of the Pacific indicates that in the Mid‐Tertiary exchange between East Asia and North America via the Beringian land‐bridge was still possible. With global cooling in the Tertiary, this thermophilic conifer became scarce. Its present restricted distribution dates from the Quaternary.
Typification of Conferva pectinalis O. F. Müll. (Bacillariophyceae) and the identity of the type of an alleged synonym, Fragilaria capucina Desm.
Authors: Tuji Akihiro , Williams David M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe application of the generic name Fragilaria has remained uncertain because the identity of the lectotype, Conferva pectinalis O. F. Müll., is unknown. Traditionally Fragilaria capucina Desm. has been considered a synonym of F. pectinalis, although this synonymy has not been confirmed. Application of the generic name Fragilaria can best be fixed by designating an epitype for C. pectinalis that fits the current circumscription of the genus (sensu Williams & Round). As epitype for C. pectinalis, we designate a specimen that Dillwyn thought to be representative of that species. We also examined the type material of F. capucina. Specimens from this material have a rimoportula at each pole and open girdle bands. Although the first character was not part of the revised definition proposed by Williams & Round, F. capucina can be placed in Fragilaria on account of the structure of its striae and the general appearance of the basal siliceous layer. Fragilaria capucina is, however, clearly not a synonym of F. pectinalis.
Typification of some T. Hedlund names in Sorbus L. (Rosaceae)
Authors: Rich Tim C. G. , Hjertson Mats , Moberg Roland 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTeodor Hedlund was a Swedish botanist who published nearly 50 new names or combinations in Sorbus L. (Rosaceae). Lectotypes are designated for Sorbus arranensis Hedlund, S. minima (Ley) Hedlund, S. quercifolia Hedlund and S. subsimilis Hedlund. The lectotypification of S. anglica Hedlund by A. J. Wilmott is rejected and a new lectotype selected. Notes are given on typification of S. rupicola (Syme) Hedlund. "Sorbus globulifera Hedlund ex Riddelsdell" is not validly published and the material it is based on is part of the variation in S. aria (L.) Crantz.
Typification of Linnaean plant names in Apiaceae
Authors: Jarvis Charles E. , Reduron Jean-Pierre , Spencer Mark A. , Cafferty Steve 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLectotypes, neotypes and epitypes are designated by fifteen specialists for 99 Linnaean plant names belonging to the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). These newly proposed types support the current usage of the names concerned. Earlier but ineffective or supersedable type statements are discussed where appropriate.
Conserving Acacia Mill. with a conserved type. What happened in Vienna?
Authors: Smith Gideon F. , van Wyk Abraham E. , Luckow Melissa , Schrire Brian 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis note documents the events and conduct that led to the acceptance of Report 55 of the Permanent Committee for Spermatophyta concerning the conservation of Acacia Mill. with a new type. The procedures followed by the Nomenclature Section of the XVII th International Botanical Congress (IBC) held in Vienna, Austria, in July 2005, are also outlined and briefly described in accordance with the provisions of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) for dealing with committee reports. This controversial proposal to retypify Acacia Mill. from an African to an Australian type was accepted by the Committee for Spermatophyta, the General Committee, and the Nomenclature Section, a recommendation ratified by the final closing plenary session of the IBC. The ICBN emanating from the XVIIth IBC will include Acacia Mill., with a conserved type, in Appendix IIIA Nomina generica conservanda et rejicienda. For those who choose to follow the traditional classification system that applies the name Acacia in a broad sense to a heterogeneous assemblage of species comprising a number of subgenera, this decision holds no implications at generic level. However, should the alternative classification which segregates a broadly defined Acacia into a number of genera be followed, then the name Acacia would apply in a strict sense to the mainly Australian wattles (previously Acacia subg. Phyllodineae—now A. subg. Acacia—of the traditional system.)