bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphisms in Base Excision Repair Genes as Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors and Modifiers of the Effect of Diets High in Red Meat
Authors: Brevik Asgeir , Joshi Amit D. , Corral Román , Onland-Moret N. Charlotte , Siegmund Kimberly D. , Le Marchand Loïc , Baron John A. , Martinez Maria Elena , Haile Robert W. , Ahnen Dennis J. , Sandler Robert S. , Lance Peter , Stern Mariana C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground: A diet high in red meat is an established colorectal cancer (CRC) risk factor. Carcinogens generated during meat cooking have been implicated as causal agents and can induce oxidative DNA damage, which elicits repair by the base excision repair (BER) pathway.Methods: Using a family-based study, we investigated the role of polymorphisms in 4 BER genes (APEX1 Gln51His, Asp148Glu; OGG1 Ser236Cys; PARP Val742Ala; and XRCC1 Arg194Trp, Arg280His, Arg399Gln) as potential CRC risk factors and modifiers of the association between diets high in red meat or poultry and CRC risk. We tested for gene–environment interactions using case-only analyses (n = 577) and compared statistically significant results with those obtained using case-unaffected sibling comparisons (n = 307 sibships).Results: Carriers of the APEX1 codon 51 Gln/His genotype had a reduced CRC risk compared with carriers of the Gln/Gln genotype (odds ratio (OR) = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.03–0.69, P = 0.015). The association between higher red meat intake (&gt;3 servings per week) and CRC was modified by the PARP Val762Ala single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP; case-only interaction P = 0.026). This SNP also modified the association between higher intake of high-temperature cooked red meat (case-only interaction P = 0.0009).Conclusions: We report evidence that the BER pathway PARP gene modifies the association of diets high in red meat cooked at high temperatures with risk of CRC.Impact: Our findings suggest a contribution to colorectal carcinogenesis of free radical damage as one of the possible harmful effects of a diet high in red meat. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(12); 3167–73. ©2010 AACR.
Validity of Self-reported Solar UVR Exposure Compared with Objectively Measured UVR Exposure
Authors: Glanz Karen , Gies Peter , O'Riordan David L. , Elliott Tom , Nehl Eric , McCarty Frances , Davis Erica 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background: Reliance on verbal self-report of solar exposure in skin cancer prevention and epidemiologic studies may be problematic if self-report data are not valid due to systematic errors in recall, social desirability bias, or other reasons.
Methods: This study examines the validity of self-reports of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) compared to objectively measured exposure among children and adults in outdoor recreation settings in 4 regions of the United States. Objective UVR exposures of 515 participants were measured using polysulfone film badge UVR dosimeters on 2 days. The same subjects provided self-reported UVR exposure data on surveys and 4-day sun exposure diaries, for comparison to their objectively measured exposure.
Results: Dosimeter data showed that lifeguards had the greatest UVR exposure (24.5% of weekday ambient UVR), children the next highest exposures (10.3% ambient weekday UVR), and parents had the lowest (6.6% ambient weekday UVR). Similar patterns were observed in self-report data. Correlations between diary reports and dosimeter findings were fair to good and were highest for lifeguards (r = 0.38–0.57), followed by parents (r = 0.28–0.29) and children (r = 0.18–0.34). Correlations between survey and diary measures were moderate to good for lifeguards (r = 0.20–0.54) and children (r = 0.35–0.53).
Conclusions: This is the largest study of its kind to date, and supports the utility of self-report measures of solar UVR exposure.
Impact: Overall, self-reports of sun exposure produce valid measures of UVR exposure among parents, children, and lifeguards who work outdoors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(12); 3005–12. ©2010 AACR.
Ordered Subset Analysis Identifies Loci Influencing Lung Cancer Risk on Chromosomes 6q and 12q
Authors: Fang Shenying , Pinney Susan M. , Bailey-Wilson Joan E. , de Andrade Mariza A. , Li Yafang , Kupert Elena , You Ming , Schwartz Ann G. , Yang Ping , Anderson Marshall W. , Amos Christopher I. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Background: Genetic susceptibility for cancer can differ substantially among families. We use trait-related covariates to identify a genetically homogeneous subset of families with the best evidence for linkage in the presence of heterogeneity.
Methods: We performed a genome-wide linkage screen in 93 families. Samples and data were collected by the familial lung cancer recruitment sites of the Genetic Epidemiology of Lung Cancer Consortium. We estimated linkage scores for each family by the Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure using SimWalk2 software. We used ordered subset analysis (OSA) to identify genetically homogenous families by ordering families based on a disease-associated covariate. We performed permutation tests to determine the relationship between the trait-related covariate and the evidence for linkage.
Results: A genome-wide screen for lung cancer loci identified strong evidence for linkage to 6q23–25 and suggestive evidence for linkage to 12q24 using OSA, with peak logarithm of odds (LOD) scores of 4.19 and 2.79, respectively. We found other chromosomes also suggestive for linkages, including 5q31–q33, 14q11, and 16q24.
Conclusions: Our OSA results support 6q as a lung cancer susceptibility locus and provide evidence for disease linkage on 12q24. This study further increased our understanding of the inheritability for lung cancer. Validation studies using larger sample size are needed to verify the presence of several other chromosomal regions suggestive of an increased risk for lung cancer and/or other cancers.
Impact: OSA can reduce genetic heterogeneity in linkage study and may assist in revealing novel susceptibility loci. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(12); 3157–66. ©2010 AACR.
Smoking and Selected DNA Repair Gene Polymorphisms in Controls: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hodgson M. Elizabeth , Poole Charles , Olshan Andrew F. , North Kari E. , Zeng Donglin , Millikan Robert C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground: When the case-only study design is used to estimate statistical interaction between genetic (G) and environmental (E) exposures, G and E must be independent in the underlying population, or the case-only estimate of interaction (COR) will be biased. Few studies have examined the occurrence of G–E association in published control group data.Methods: To examine the assumption of G–E independence in empirical data, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of G–E associations in controls for frequently investigated DNA repair genes (XRCC1 Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp, or Arg280His, XPD Lys751Gln, and Asp312Asn, and XRCC3 Thr241Met), and smoking (ever/never smoking, current/not current smoker, smoking duration, smoking intensity, and pack-years).Results: Across the 55 included studies, single nucleotide polymorphisms SNP-smoking associations in controls (ORz) were not reliably at the null value of 1.0 for any SNP-smoking combinations. Two G–E combinations were too heterogeneous for summary estimates: XRCC1 399 and ever-never smoking (N = 21), and XPD 751 and pack-years (N = 12). ORz ranges for these combinations were: [ORz (95% confidence interval (CI)] 0.7 (0.4, 1.2)–1.9 (1.2, 2.8) and 0.8 (0.5, 1.3)–2.3 (0.8, 6.1), respectively). Estimates for studies considered homogeneous (Cochran's Q P-value &lt;0.10) varied 2- to 5-fold. No study characteristics were identified that could explain heterogeneity.Conclusions: We recommend the independence assumption be evaluated in the population underlying any potential case-only study, rather than in a proxy control group(s) or pooled controls.Impact: These results suggest that G–E association in controls may be population-specific. Increased access to control data would improve evaluation of the independence assumption. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(12); 3055–86. ©2010 AACR.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Prostate Cancer Risk in the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) Cohort
Authors: Brasky Theodore M. , Velicer Christine M. , Kristal Alan R. , Peters Ulrike , Potter John D. , White Emily 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Introduction: Chronic inflammation may be important in prostate carcinogenesis. Several epidemiologic studies have reported inverse associations between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and prostate cancer risk, although many studies are limited by assessment of short-term use only.
Methods: Participants were male members of the VITamins And Lifestyle cohort, comprised 34,132 men, aged 50–76 years, living in western Washington State. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of 10-year average use of individual NSAIDs with total prostate cancer (n = 1,550) and prostate cancer by grade.
Results: Low-dose aspirin, regular-strength aspirin, ibuprofen, and any nonaspirin NSAID (ibuprofen, naproxen, and COX-2 inhibitors) were not associated with prostate cancer risk. There was a suggestion that regular-strength aspirin was inversely associated with risk of high-grade cancer (HR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.53–1.02).
Conclusion: NSAID use was not associated with prostate cancer risk in the VITAL cohort.
Impact: Our findings do not support the use of NSAIDs for chemoprevention of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(12); 3185–8. ©2010 AACR.
Effect of Zoledronate on Oral Wound Healing in Rats
Authors: Yamashita Junro , Koi Kiyono , Yang Dong-Ye , McCauley Laurie K. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a growing concern in patients who receive bisphosphonates that target osteoclasts. As osteoclasts play multifunctional roles in the bone marrow, their suppression likely affects bone homeostasis and alters wound healing of the jaw. The objective was to delineate the impact of osteoclast suppression in the bone marrow and wound healing of the jaw.
Experimental Design: Zoledronate was administered to senile rats for 14 weeks. A portion of the gingiva was removed to denude the palatal bone. Gene expression in the bone marrow was assessed and histologic sections were analyzed to determine the wound healing status.
Results: Angiogenesis-related genes, CD31 and VEGF-A, were not altered by zoledronate. VEGF-C, which plays a role in lymphangiogenesis, was suppressed. There was a decrease in gene expression of Tcirg1 and MMP-13. Bone denudation caused extensive osteocyte death indicative of bone necrosis. In zoledronate-treated rats, the necrotic bone was retained in the wound while, in controls, osteoclastic resorption of the necrotic bone was prominent. Even though large necrotic bone areas existed in zoledronate-treated rats, overlaying soft tissue healed clinically. Immunohistochemical staining showed rich vascularity in the overlaying soft tissue.
Conclusions: Zoledronate therapy impacts bone marrow by suppressing genes associated with lymphangiogenesis and tissue remodeling, such as VEGF-C and MMP-13. Zoledronate was associated with impaired osseous wound healing but had no effect on angiogenic markers in the bone marrow or soft tissue wound healing. Zoledronate selectively blunts healing in bone but does not affect soft tissue healing in the oral cavity. Clin Cancer Res; 17(6); 1405–14. ©2010 AACR.
Modulation of hepcidin production during hypoxia-induced erythropoiesis in humans in vivo: data from the HIGHCARE project
Authors: Piperno Alberto , Galimberti Stefania , Mariani Raffaella , Pelucchi Sara , Ravasi Giulia , Lombardi Carolina , Bilo Grzegorz , Revera Miriam , Giuliano Andrea , Faini Andrea , Mainini Veronica , Westerman Mark , Ganz Tomas , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Mancia Giuseppe , Parati Gianfranco ,   for the HIGHCARE investigators
Published: December 2010

AbstractIron is tightly connected to oxygen homeostasis and erythropoiesis. Our aim was to better understand how hypoxia regulates iron acquisition for erythropoiesis in humans, a topic relevant to common hypoxia-related disorders. Forty-seven healthy volunteers participated in the HIGHCARE project. Blood samples were collected at sea level and after acute and chronic exposure to high altitude (3400-5400 m above sea level). We investigated the modifications in hematocrit, serum iron indices, erythropoietin, markers of erythropoietic activity, interleukin-6, and serum hepcidin. Hepcidin decreased within 40 hours after acute hypoxia exposure (P < .05) at 3400 m, reaching the lowest level at 5400 m (80% reduction). Erythropoietin significantly increased (P < .001) within 16 hours after hypoxia exposure followed by a marked erythropoietic response supported by the increased iron supply. Growth differentiation factor-15 progressively increased during the study period. Serum ferritin showed a very rapid decrease, suggesting the existence of hypoxia-dependent mechanism(s) regulating storage iron mobilization. The strong correlation between serum ferritin and hepcidin at each point during the study indicates that iron itself or the kinetics of iron use in response to hypoxia may signal hepcidin down-regulation. The combined and significant changes in other variables probably contribute to the suppression of hepcidin in this setting.
Risk of Myelodysplastic Syndromes in People Exposed to Ionizing Radiation: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivors
Authors: Iwanaga Masako , Hsu Wan-Ling , Soda Midori , Takasaki Yumi , Tawara Masayuki , Joh Tatsuro , Amenomori Tatsuhiko , Yamamura Masaomi , Yoshida Yoshiharu , Koba Takashi , Miyazaki Yasushi , Matsuo Tatsuki , Preston Dale L. , Suyama Akihiko , Kodama Kazunori , Tomonaga Masao 
Published: December 2010

Purpose The risk of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has not been fully investigated among people exposed to ionizing radiation. We investigate MDS risk and radiation dose-response in Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study by using two databases of Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors: 64,026 people with known exposure distance in the database of Nagasaki University Atomic-Bomb Disease Institute (ABDI) and 22,245 people with estimated radiation dose in the Radiation Effects Research Foundation Life Span Study (LSS). Patients with MDS diagnosed from 1985 to 2004 were identified by record linkage between the cohorts and the Nagasaki Prefecture Cancer Registry. Cox and Poisson regression models were used to estimate relationships between exposure distance or dose and MDS risk. Results There were 151 patients with MDS in the ABDI cohort and 47 patients with MDS in the LSS cohort. MDS rate increased inversely with exposure distance, with an excess relative risk (ERR) decay per km of 1.2 (95% CI, 0.4 to 3.0; P < .001) for ABDI. MDS risk also showed a significant linear response to exposure dose level (P < .001) with an ERR per Gy of 4.3 (95% CI, 1.6 to 9.5; P < .001). After adjustment for sex, attained age, and birth year, the MDS risk was significantly greater in those exposed when young. Conclusion A significant linear radiation dose-response for MDS exists in atomic bomb survivors 40 to 60 years after radiation exposure. Clinicians should perform careful long-term follow-up of irradiated people to detect MDS as early as possible.
Level of Scientific Evidence Underlying Recommendations Arising From the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Poonacha Thejaswi K. , Go Ronald S. 
Published: December 2010

Purpose The level of scientific evidence on which the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines are based has not been systematically investigated. We describe the distribution of categories of evidence and consensus (EC) among the 10 most common cancers with regard to recommendations for staging, initial and salvage therapy, and surveillance. Methods NCCN uses a system of guideline development distinct from other major professional organizations. The NCCN definitions for EC are as follows: category I, high level of evidence with uniform consensus; category IIA, lower level of evidence with uniform consensus; category IIB, lower level of evidence without a uniform consensus but with no major disagreement; and category III, any level of evidence but with major disagreement. Results Of the 1,023 recommendations found in the 10 guidelines, the proportions of category I, IIA, IIB, and III EC were 6%, 83%, 10%, and 1%, respectively. Recommendations with category I EC were found in kidney (20%), breast (19%), lung (6%), pancreatic (6%), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (6%), melanoma (6%), prostate (4%), and colorectal (1%) guidelines. Urinary bladder and uterine guidelines did not have any category I recommendations. Eight percent of all therapeutic recommendations were category I. Guidelines with the highest proportions of category I therapeutic recommendations were for breast (30%) and kidney (28%) cancers. No category I recommendations were found on screening or surveillance. Conclusion Recommendations issued in the NCCN guidelines are largely developed from lower levels of evidence but with uniform expert opinion. This underscores the urgent need and available opportunities to expand evidence base in oncology.
Comparison of Health-Related Quality of Life 5 Years After SPIRIT: Surgical Prostatectomy Versus Interstitial Radiation Intervention Trial
Authors: Crook Juanita Mary , Gomez-Iturriaga Alfonso , Wallace Kris , Ma Clement , Fung Sharon , Alibhai Shabbir , Jewett Michael , Fleshner Neil 
Published: December 2010

Purpose The American College of Surgeons Oncology Group phase III Surgical Prostatectomy Versus Interstitial Radiation Intervention Trial comparing radical prostatectomy (RP) and brachytherapy (BT) closed after 2 years due to poor accrual. We report health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at a mean of 5.3 years for 168 trial-eligible men who either chose or were randomly assigned to RP or BT following a multidisciplinary educational session. Patients and Methods After initial lack of accrual, a multidisciplinary educational session was introduced for eligible patients. In all, 263 men attended 47 sessions. Of those, 34 consented to random assignment, 62 chose RP, and 94 chose BT. Five years later, these 190 men underwent HRQOL evaluation by using the cancer-specific 50-item Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite, the Short Form 12 Physical Component Score, and Short Form 12 Mental Component Score. Response rate was 88.4%. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare summary scores between the two interventions. Results Of 168 survey responders, 60.7% had BT (9.5% randomly assigned) and 39.3% had RP (9.5% randomly assigned). Median age was 61.4 years for BT and 59.4 for RP (P = .05). Median follow-up was 5.2 years (range, 3.2 to 6.5 years). For BT versus RP, there was no difference in bowel or hormonal domains, but men treated with BT scored better in urinary (91.8 v 88.1; P = .02) and sexual (52.5 v 39.2; P = .001) domains, and in patient satisfaction (93.6 v 76.9; P < .001). Conclusion Although treatment allocation was random in only 19%, all patients received identical information in a multidisciplinary setting before selecting RP, BT, or random assignment. HRQOL evaluated 3.2 to 6.5 years after treatment showed an advantage for BT in urinary and sexual domains and in patient satisfaction.
Assessment of the nickel-albumin binding assay for diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: da Silva Sandra Huber , da Silva Pereira Renata , dos Santos Hausen Bruna , Signor Cristiane , Gomes Patrícia , de Campos Marli Matiko Anraku , Moresco Rafael Noal 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

Background: Myocardial ischemia may alter the metal binding capacity of circulating serum albumin. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe an automated method to measure ischemia-induced alterations in the binding capacity of serum albumin for exogenous nickel, and to evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of this assay for the assessment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients presenting to the emergency room (ER) with acute chest pain.

Methods: We assessed the concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), serum albumin, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) measured by the cobalt-albumin binding assay (CABA), and by an automated nickel-albumin binding assay (NABA) in the following groups: ACS (n=63) and non-ischemic chest pain (NICP, n=26). Biochemical markers were determined in blood samples obtained from patients within 3 h of ER admission.

Results: cTnI, CABA and NABA concentrations were higher in ACS group in comparison to the NICP group. A significant correlation between NABA and CABA was observed (r=0.5387, p<0.001). Areas under the curve for CABA and NABA were 0.7289 and 0.7582, respectively. Both CABA and NABA have the ability to discriminate patients with ACS. However, NABA has a slightly higher ability to discriminate ACS compared with CABA.

Conclusions: Patients with ACS have reduced nickel binding to human serum albumin, and NABA may have an important role as an early marker of myocardial ischemia, particularly in patients presenting to the ER with acute chest pain.
Vom Nutzen der Kommunikationstheorie für die juristische Ausbildung
Authors: Schnapp Friedrich E. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Der Franziskanermönch Salimbene von Parma berichtet in seiner Chronik über die wissenschaftlichen Experimente, die Friedrich II. von Hohenstaufen (1194–1250), der vorwiegend in Sizilien residierte, dort angestellt haben soll. Dieser deutsche König war nach dem Urteil seiner Zeitgenossen ein Mann, der danach strebte, »alle Dinge im Himmel und auf Erden zu erforschen«. Eines Tages kam ihm der Gedanke, durch ein Experiment zu ergründen, »welche Art Sprache und Sprechweise Knaben nach ihrem Heranwachsen hätten, wenn sie (vorher) mit niemandem sprächen«. Zu diesem Zweck ließ er neugeborene Kinder ihren Müttern wegnehmen und Ammen übergeben. Diesen befahl er, »sie sollten den Kindern Milch geben,. . . sie baden und waschen, aber in keiner Weise mit ihnen schöntun und zu ihnen sprechen. Er wollte nämlich erforschen, ob sie die hebräische Sprache sprächen, als die älteste, oder die griechische oder lateinische oder arabische oder aber die Sprache der Eltern, die sie geboren hatten. Aber er mühte sich vergebens, weil die Kinder alle starben.« Salimbene kommt zu dem Schluss, »sie vermöchten nicht zu leben ohne das Händepatschen und das fröhliche Gesichterschneiden und die Koseworte ihrer Ammen und Nährerinnen.« Gleich ob Salimbene, der Friedrich für einen ungläubigen und verruchten Menschen hielt, diese Geschichte erfunden hat oder nicht – sie zeigt, wie notwendig, ja lebensnotwendig Sprache und Ansprache für das menschliche Zusammenleben sind.
Übungsklausur ÖR Zugangserschwerungsgesetz
Authors: Koreng Ansgar 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Die als anspruchsvoll zu bezeichnende Hausarbeit greift mit den sog. »Internet-Sperren« ein aktuelles Thema auf. Sie hat im Wesentlichen staatsrechtliche Grundprobleme zum Gegenstand (Zuständigkeit, Gesetzgebungsverfahren), fordert aber dem Bearbeiter auch eine eigene Transferleistung ab, wenn es um die Übertragung der hergebrachten Grundrechtsdogmatik auf Spezifika des Internet geht. Hier lässt die Arbeit Raum für eigene Argumentation.