bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extending the Production Life and Improving the Recovery by Utilizing ICD’s in Horizontal Well Completion, Success Story of Mumbai Offshore Field, India
Authors: Kaulaskar Mahadev , Thapliyal Anil , Biswas Soumyabrata , Choudhary Suparana , Ram Binay , Pramanik Koyel , Nagaonkar Ajinkya , Mishra Shubhra , Guguloth Vidya , Saroj Shivank 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Better sweep efficiency and larger drainage area in horizontal well design improves the well production performance. As a matter of fact, it is widely used in water drive reservoirs and tight formations. Horizontal well completion, in combination with mechanical water control design, influences the performance in a much better way. Water production is habitually a significant apprehension during the production life of a well producing from the heterogeneous carbonate bottom water drive reservoir with high permeability. Continuous increase in water production impacts the operating costs, economics of production and early relocation/abandonment. This paper focuses on success story of improving oil production from an offshore carbonate reservoir field through completion of inflow control devices (ICD's) with swell packers in horizontal wells. The adoption of this technology resulted in delayed/reduced water production and improved sustainability of oil rate and higher cumulative oil production.
The ICD is a throttling device that creates additional pressure differential when the reservoir fluids flow into the wellbore through this device. It is able to control drawdown to eliminate the water coning caused by reservoir heterogeneity and the heel-toe effect, so that the horizontal well liquid profile is balanced and the oil-water interface is uniformly raised. Selection of pertinent well completion system requires understanding of historical production performance with their completion details, possible sources of early water production, available methods for reduction of water production and efficacy of adopted measures for water control in the field.
This case study brings about the impact of ICD completion used in horizontal wells in the water drive reservoir wherein improved well performance; delayed water cut and additional oil production than the slotted liner completion has been witnessed.
Selecting the precise and appropriate completion method directly determines the future development and production options with improvement in oil recovery. This extends the well production life span with low investment to achieve more production. And thus, ICD's in horizontal well completion plays a significant role in maximising the economic benefits from field development strategies.
Holistic Subsea Chemical Delivery Design and Management
Authors: Gao Shawn 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Subsea development projects face significant flow assurance and production chemistry challenges that require the application of chemicals subsea or downhole. The application of these chemicals via umbilical/downhole capillary string requires stringent qualifications prior to deployment to avoid system failure due to blockage or corrosion resulting in loss of integrity. It also requires properly designed chemical delivery system to ensure proper dosages and uptime can be steadily/reliably delivered for the chemicals to be effective, including proper storage volume, pump size/turndown, metering, chemical injection valves, etc.
The paper is to share the best practice of having an end-to-end view on properly managing subsea chemical delivery, including what can and have gone wrong if not followed. For example, chemical/material compatibility is a key qualification requirement for subsea chemical delivery. However, when requested for demonstrating compatibility with the chemical injection system, each chemical vendor typically have their own internal "list of materials". It hasn't been fully recognized that the actual list of materials that the chemical can encounter throughout the entire chemical injection flow path from transportation to tanks, pumps, injection lines, and mandrels/valves, can be way more extensive. Getting one compatibility wrong, it will become the Achilles’ heel and compromise the entire injection system and render the chemical treatment ineffective. Therefore, designing the chemical delivery system and qualifying subsea chemicals with an end-to-end view is crucial to the success of chemical treatment programs and oil/gas production.
Decarbonization in Offshore Services: A Study on Efficiency and Emissions Reduction
Authors: Passos R. B. , de Aguiar R. B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive review of recent discussions on carbon equivalent emission reduction alternatives, emphasizing the importance of efficiency in Offshore Supply Vessels (OSVs). It introduces relevant indicators tailored for assessing ship efficiency in the specific context of subsea installations offshore. The examination of new technologies spans from enhanced navigation devices to minimizing fuel consumption during dynamic positioning. Safety considerations, crucial for OSVs operating near other structures, are addressed alongside the efficiency analysis.
To gauge the effectiveness of these measures, the study conducts a comparative analysis of fuel consumption indicators across the fleet of the major Brazilian oil company, accounting for operational nuances and propulsion capabilities. In the realm of subsea installation services, the engineering challenge lies in balancing propulsion power to ensure vessels can maintain position even in worst-case failure scenarios.
Given the diverse activities of the offshore supply fleet, involving tasks such as human diving, ROV missions, tug support, and subsea equipment handling, the study introduces efficiency indicators based on a comprehensive database analysis. The focus shifts to comparing efficiency across different vessels and their respective activities, highlighting the importance of strategic vessel selection to operate at each site. This extends beyond propulsion systems, considering the vessel's effectiveness in varied sea states. Inherently different from traditional cargo transporters, OSVs play a crucial role in attaining emission reduction objectives.
The study draws on the analysis vessels currently operational in Brazilian offshore, equipped with ROV onboard. By evaluating key indicators for optimal efficiency, the research contributes valuable insights to emission reduction initiatives, aligning with the overarching goal of steering towards a net-zero trajectory.
Where Deep Space Meets the Deep Ocean – Exploring the Extreme Environments of Space and Deepwater
Authors: Zeid Hosam Abu , Elshahawi Hani 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Exploration and exploitation of deep space and the deep oceans has powered much technological progress. With their extreme operating environments, these two remote and hostile domains have posed many challenges and has produced many solutions. The study of each of these extreme environments has significantly enhanced our understanding of the other, and the technologies that enable prospecting and extracting resources in one environment can often be adapted for use in the other. For both deep space and deep ocean, there is much to be learned from other sectors such as the medical industry as well. For example, medical imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans resemble the non-destructive testing techniques used in space and deepwater energy business. Similarly, robotic surgery is analogous to Mars Rovers and remotely operated vehicles used under water, and remote patient monitoring for more personalized and effective healthcare is comparable to the data analytics and machine learning used for proactive health monitoring in deep space and deep ocean. Digital transformation has been impacting all industries, and deep space and deep ocean are no exception. Digital transformation has three primary foundations: data-digital information; analytics-using the data to make better decisions, faster; and connectivity-data exchange between humans, machines, and devices. Various technologies enable and cut across these domains including sensors, cloud computing, edge analytics, automation and robotics, 3D printing, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence all underlain and enabled by accessible, affordable, and reliable energy. The objective of this paper is to explore the potential of such technologies at intersections between deep space and deep ocean. It will also document how the deep space and deep oceans hey have learned from each and have also leveraged advances in other sectors, principally medical and healthcare.
Road to Well Completions Electrification to Support Sustainable Field Development
Authors: Le Menach M. , Sofyan M. , Padrao J. , Hiron S. , Schnitzler E. , Da Silva M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
TotalEnergies, Petrobras, and SLB have partnered in a collaborative venture with the goal of revolutionizing the way subsea wells are completed. Their aim is to introduce an innovative intelligent completion system in the context of multiple wells that replaces the conventional electrohydraulic systems that have been in use for decades by electrifying the process. This groundbreaking system not only represents a significant advancement in well technology but also holds the promise of making a profound positive impact on the environment and enhancing safety. To evaluate the reduction of carbon emissions through electric wells, an electrification road map was implemented. This comprehensive approach included data collection, case studies, and techno-economic analysis. By closely examining the existing assets, detailed specifications were developed outlining the environmental, operational, and financial contexts in which electrical completions can offer effective solutions. The objective was to eliminate the need for hydraulic systems entirely, from surface installations to completion. This required a complete redesign of the flow control valve, downhole safety valve, and all associated interfaces. One of the most notable achievements resulting from this technological advancement is the optimization of reservoir management and reduced water production. Electric wells surpass conventional systems in terms of precision and control, enabling improved reservoir management practices. This, in turn, enhances hydrocarbon recovery and overall asset performance. The second breakthrough paves the way for exploring fresh opportunities in the development of multizonal wells, lowering the overall number of wells needed. The third significant accomplishment involved streamlining the design, resulting in reduced rig time and enhanced safety for personnel. The transition to electric wells has demonstrated that completion technology can play a pivotal role in addressing environmental concerns within the oil and gas industry. It underscores the significance of ongoing innovation and collaboration among industry leaders to drive positive change. This initiative serves as a model for other companies and industry stakeholders seeking to reduce their environmental footprint while improving project economics. It illustrates that electrification can facilitate the coexistence of sustainable practices and profitability, offering a promising outlook for the future.
Single-Trip Multistage Proppant Fracturing System Reduces Operational Time and Cost to Enable Cost-Effective Production of Tight and Low-Permeability Reservoirs on the Norwegian Continental Shelf
Authors: Jøranson Håvard , Young Dustin , Koløy Tom Rune , Kennedy Neil , Tollefsen Trond , Berge-Skillingstad Marius , Letichevskii Alexander , Skrettingland Kjetil 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
As part of a strategic initiative to increase production from low-permeability mature assets on the Norwegian Continental Shelf, a single-trip, multistage proppant fracturing system was developed. A frac service tool assembly (STA) is deployed on a dedicated work string, and the fracs are pumped before installing the upper completion. With a new frac head concept, the system set a record for stage-to-stage frac time, achieving targets for reduced costs, operational time, and health, safety, and environmental (HSE) exposure.
Following several successful single-stage frac jobs in the field, a horizontal well was planned in the lower part of a low-permeability formation. A higher permeability formation at the top of the reservoir would be drained through multiple transverse fractures. An uncemented liner with frac sleeves and open-hole packers was designed for the completion. Detailed pre-job meetings were held with all involved parties to establish the requirements for the multistage frac system and fracturing program and to build procedures and contingencies for various stages of the operation.
The well was completed and stimulated in autumn 2022, with three proppant fracs placed in a single trip. The three stages were pumped as per the frac program. The under displaced slurry volume was reversed out before moving to the next zone. After stimulation, the upper completion was installed, and a wireline tractor was used to shift open the frac sleeves in a single trip. The new frac head stand was rigged-up and down in only 30 minutes, compared to 10 hours with a conventional frac head design. This greatly reduced time between stages and working at height and in the red zone. In addition, there were fewer potential leak paths, reducing the potential for downtime. The well was a successful proof of concept for stage efficiency, exceeding the target of performing two frac stages within a 24-hour period. Further efficiency gains could see stage time reduced to achieve up to four stages within a 24-hour period. A new well with seven stages is planned to be drilled and completed in the summer of 2024 using the same concept.
This paper presents the successful use of a newly developed single-trip multi-frac system. The system demonstrated a proof of concept for the further development of tight and low-permeability mature assets. Several new wells, including subsea wells, are expected to use this technology.
Qualification Approach of OCTG Connections for CCS Injection Wells Tubing and Casing
Authors: Mauger Pierre , Khoo Shaun , Bochkarev Vladimir , Martin Pierre , Rodriguez-Barrera Diana , Poitrenaud Hugues , Sofyan Muhammad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Carbon capture and storage is seen as a key solution to engage in the global energy transition, however the operating conditions of the CO2 injection wells brings new challenges to connections for tubing string such as extreme low temperatures (-78°C), quick variations of temperature as well as transient phase of the CO2 that may affect connections integrity, end-finish and lubricants used. Such conditions are not limited to tubing string but also reach casing string due to radial thermal propagation in the well. This may induce low temperature on casing string and freezing of the completion fluid inducing high pressure variation: internal pressure on casing and external pressure on tubing. The current paper describes a study of the thermal gradient that may occurs for different life scenario and present test protocols which focus on CCS specificity for both casing and tubing to efficiently assess OCTG premium connections.
A numerical simulation is primarily used to understand the impact of quick drop of temperature, due to the Joule-Thomson and phase changes effects during depressurization, on the connection integrity and sealability. To correlate this simulation, the tubing connection is submitted to a dedicated test protocol relevant to CO2 injection conditions which consider high number of pressure and temperature cycling, thermal shock and sealability with thermal gradient between Pin and Box. Latest work and simulations allow us to assess the radial heat transfer and estimate the casing temperature at different depth of the well. Based on these, a specific test protocol to assess premium connection on bigger diameter, used for casing string and demonstrate their suitability for CCS wells is proposed.
Thanks to numerical simulation and research collaboration, a complementary test protocol for casing was build and allow to fully cover CCS specific load cases. Tubing and casing test protocols both allow to guarantee the integrity and sealability of premium OCTG connections with a relevant process.
The combination of numerical simulation, material study, and dedicated test protocol allow to build a complete qualification approach and support to operators when designing future CCS well.
Influence of Soil Backflow and Punch-Through Phenomenon on Spudcan Penetration in Two-Layer Soil Formations
Authors: Radwan Ahmed Ma. , El-Araby Ibrahim A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study seeks to investigate the influence of backflow soil and punch-through phenomena on the bearing resistance profile of the Spudcan penetration. These factors have the potential to induce abrupt failures in jack-up barges during both installation and operation phases. A recently developed finite element technique called the Press Replace Technique (PRT) is being used to study this problem. The PRT has proven to be one of the most efficient techniques for assessing the stability of a Jack-up barge under the design vertical loads during installation and operation. This method ensures a satisfactory bearing capacity, an adequate embedded depth of a Spudcan foundation, and, consequently, a stable installation of a Jack-up barge. The study shows the main criteria and the basic assumptions to be considered in the finite element analysis using the PRT, including the modelling technique of the backflow phenomenon in case the surface layer is a clay soil. The study primarily focuses on double-layer soil conditions, particularly, the condition of stiff clay over soft clay and the condition of stiff clay over loose sand conditions, where Punch-Through of a Spudcan is more likely to occur. A practical case study analyzes a scenario where the Spudcan penetrates through a thick surface layer of soft clay over a layer of sand. The findings underscore the necessity of incorporating the backflow phenomenon in the numerical analysis, particularly in relation to the occurrence of punch-through. Furthermore, when considering double-layer with a surface clay layer, the results indicate that the bearing resistance of the surface layer is predominantly influenced by the type and thickness of the soil layer underneath.
Challenges and Approaches to Solutions for Green Decommissioning and Recycling of Offshore Facilities
Authors: Machado Carlos Alberto , Feijo Luiz , Igbadumhe Jane-Frances , Carreira Thais 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The oil and gas industry is facing significant challenges with aging offshore units approaching the end of their service life. At this point, life extension or decommissioning becomes a strategically important decision. For the decommissioning pathway, in addition to safety concerns and financial impacts, the industry needs to perform their dismantling and recycling in a sustainable manner. Decommissioning and recycling projects involve aspects such as safety, environmental, regulatory, legal, and financial, all with complex interfaces and different risk levels. Effective planning is essential to enable the achievement of green recycling, targeting zero pollution and an accident-free environment. With the recent ratification of the Hong Kong Convention for ship recycling, increased attention from stakeholders will be given to the sustainable development goals ahead of the June 2025 effective date. Key steps followed by the integrated management of the project from the end-of-life decision to final waste disposal certificate are essential and will be addressed in this paper. Recognizing that green decommissioning of large offshore facilities is a complex task and mostly an untested field, rather than proposing generic discussions of the challenges that might be faced during decommissioning projects, this paper introduces the main topics by leveraging the expertise of experienced professionals. This paper reviews the technical, operational, and regulatory aspects of complex decommissioning projects and presents an informed process to mitigate the associated risks, as well as efficient management to achieve safety and sustainable KPIs within budget and performance levels. Then, it identifies the main challenges for sustainable decommissioning and recycling of offshore facilities and addresses solutions to mitigate them. Then best practices are proposed to manage the risks to successful completion in a safe manner and achievement of the important goal of a sustainable decommissioning and recycling process. The paper also discusses the main steps in executing a successful decommissioning and recycling project, covering identification of key drivers, efficient planning, and project strategies to mitigate risks.
Horizontal Direction Drill (HDD) 2km Trinidad East Coast (Onshore to Nearshore)
Authors: Rampersad George 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This Paper explores the challenges faced and solutions implemented during the execution of the Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) Shore Crossing subset scope of the Trinidad Offshore Pipeline Replacement Project. The HDD length spanned approximately 2 km from Onshore Galeota to Nearshore Galeota, Trinidad. The chosen project location, connecting the offshore segment of the pipeline to the onshore Galeota Terminal in Trinidad, presented unique challenges that required innovative solutions. The project encountered several obstacles during execution, including the COVID-19 pandemic on offshore operations making it challenging to conduct key geotechnical surveys and mobilize assets. This resulted in the project making critical decisions on route selection, drill tooling selection, fluid properties and coating selection using geotechnical data from previous HDD projects completed close to Galeota Trinidad, without samplings from the actual proposed location.