bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optics and the nature of light illustrated in the rare book collection of the Astronomy Library in Vienna
Authors: Müller I. , Kerschbaum F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Astronomy Library in Vienna has a significant collection of rare books, consisting of more than 500 titles dating from the end of the 15th to the 18th century. Since the collection was to be the basis of research and of teaching, the books represent a variety of scientific topics that have been of interest at that time. Thus the rare book collection of the Astronomy Library in Vienna also offers the opportunity for scientific historical research. In the following, certain aspects on the development of the telescope and of optics in general will be illustrated (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Troughton & Simms transit circle of Coimbra Astronomical Observatory from the 1850s: An example of the dissemination of technological developments
Authors: Bonifácio V. , Malaquias I. , Fernandes J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractYesterday, as today, technological developments led by large and expensive instrumental projects are later on disseminated to smaller and more affordable devices. In 1847, Airy requested a new transit circle for the Greenwich Observatory. When the first observation was performed, on 4 January 1851, Airy's Greenwich Transit Circle (ATC) was the largest instrument of its class in the world. The construction of the ATC implied solving several technical difficulties, for example, the maintenance of the instrument rigidity and the illumination of the graduated circle and telescope field of view. After the ATC completion Troughton & Simms stand at the 1851 Great London Exhibition included two small transit instruments which were praised for their telescope field of view/eyepiece wires illumination. One of which, was based upon the design implemented beforehand on the ATC. In this paper we will discuss the field and eyepiece wire illumination innovations introduced on the ATC and the Simms transit instruments exhibited in 1851. We will also describe the small Troughton & Simms transit circle currently belonging to Coimbra Astronomical Observatory collection that is, we believe, one of the earliest implementation of this ATC lead development (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New Stars and telescopes: Nova research in the last four centuries
Authors: Duerbeck H.W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article gives a brief overview of 400 years of research in the field of novae and related stars. Important objects, first applications of various observing techniques, and early ideas of the interpretation of phenomena are listed. Also, the historical evolution of the classification of novae and related stars (supernovae, dwarf novae), as well as their use as distance indicators is discussed (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Otto von Littrow and his spectrograph
Authors: Kerschbaum F. , Müller I. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article sketches the short life and major accomplishments of the lesser known Littrow, namely Otto, the son of Karl Ludwig von Littrow and grand‐son of Joseph Johann von Littrow, both famous directors of the Vienna Observatory during the 19th century. It turns out that his major accomplishment, a new spectrograph design is still quite relevant today (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Knorre astronomers' dynasty
Authors: Pinigin G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe attempt to throw light upon the poorly known astronomical dynasty of Knorre and describe its contribution to astronomy. The founder of the dynasty, Ernst Christoph Friedrich Knorre (1759–1810), was born in Germany in 1759, and since 1802 he was a Professor of Mathematics at the Tartu University, and observer at its temporary observatory. He determined the first coordinates of Tartu by stellar observations. Karl Friedrich Knorre (1801–1883) was the first director of the Naval Observatory in Nikolaev since the age of 20, provided the Black Sea navy with accurate time and charts, trained mariners in astronomical navigation, and certified navigation equipment. He compiled star maps and catalogues, and determined positions of comets and planets. He also participated in Bessel's project of the Academic Star Charts, and was responsible for Hora 4, published by the Berlin Academy of Sciences. This sheet permitted to discover two minor planets, Astraea and Flora. Viktor Knorre (1840–1919) was born in Nikolaev. In 1862 he left for Berlin to study astronomy. After defending his thesis for a doctor's degree, he went to Pulkovo as an astronomical calculator in 1867. Since 1873 Viktor worked as an observer of the Berlin Observatory Fraunhofer refractor. His main research focussed on minor planets, comets and binary stars. He discovered the minor planets Koronis, Oenone, Hypatia and Penthesilea. Viktor Knorre also worked on improving astronomical instrumentation, e.g. the Knorre & Heele equatorial telescope mounting (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Venus 1882 and Jean‐Charles Houzeau
Authors: Sterken C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper focuses on one particular type of telescope – the heliometer – designed for solving one specific basic problem in astronomy: the scale factor of the solar system. One very special instrument of this type was the “heliometer with unequal focal lengths” designed by the Belgian astronomer Jean‐Charles Houzeau for the 1882 transit of Venus. We also draw attention to the most interesting personality of Houzeau, and to his social engagement that went much beyond his work as a scientist (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Genetic regulatory networks of nephrogenesis: Deregulation of WT1 splicing by benzo(a)pyrene
Authors: Ramos Kenneth S. , Nanez Adrian 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRecent studies have identified AHR as a master regulator of Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1) signaling in the developing kidney. Activation of AHR signaling by environmental chemical is associated with proteasome‐mediated degradation of AHR protein, disruption of WT1 alternative splicing, and marked alterations in the regulation of genetic programs of developmental progression in the developing kidney. The complexity of genetic regulatory networks of nephrogenesis controlled by AHR‐WT1 interactions will be discussed here with particular emphasis given to the biological and medical consequences that may result from deficits in nephrogenesis that compromise reserve capacity and renal function later in life. Understanding the impact of early‐life environmental exposures to chemicals that disrupt AHR signaling can help minimize negative health consequences to pregnant women and their offspring. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 87:192–197, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A flow‐injection chemiluminescent method for the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of 5′‐nucleotides
Authors: Wang Zhouping , Xu Huan , Qian Jia , Ye Jing , Yang Zhen , Sun Huachao , Shi Yonghui 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn the present work, a simple chemiluminescence (CL) method coupled with flow‐injection analysis for the evaluation of antioxidant activity of 5′‐nucleotides (5′‐AMP, 5′‐CMP, 5′‐GMP, 5′‐UMP) was proposed. It is based on inhibition effect of the studied substances on CL emission of luminol–potassium ferricyanide–pyrogallol. Experiments were performed to evaluate the nature of the inhibition by 5′‐nucleotides of the CL reaction and their antioxidant activities. Based on the experimental results, it was observed that 5′‐nucleotides are available antioxidants that could effectively scavenge superoxide anion free radicals in a concentration‐dependent way. This will provide a basis for further development of the use of nucleotides. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineering Propionibacterium acidipropionici for enhanced propionic acid tolerance and fermentation
Authors: Zhang An , Yang Shang‐Tian 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPropionibacterium acidipropionici, a Gram‐positive, anaerobic bacterium, has been the most used species for propionic acid production from sugars. In this study, the metabolically engineered mutant ACK‐Tet, which has its acetate kinase gene knocked out from the chromosome, was immobilized and adapted in a fibrous bed bioreactor (FBB) to increase its acid tolerance and ability to produce propionic acid at a high final concentration in fed‐batch fermentation. After about 3 months adaptation in the FBB, the propionic acid concentration in the fermentation broth reached ∼100 g/L, which was much higher than the highest concentration of ∼71 g/L previously attained with the wild‐type in the FBB. To understand the mechanism and factors contributing to the enhanced acid tolerance, adapted mutant cells were harvested from the FBB and characterized for their morphology, growth inhibition by propionic acid, protein expression profiles as observed in SDS–PAGE, and H+‐ATPase activity, which is related to the proton pumping and cell's ability to control its intracellular pH gradient. The adapted mutant obtained from the FBB showed significantly reduced growth sensitivity to propionic acid inhibition, increased H+‐ATPase expression and activity, and significantly elongated rod morphology. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 766–773 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrothermalquellen und der Ursprung des Lebens. Alles hat einen Anfang, auch die Evolution
Authors: Martin William 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn Tiefsee‐Hydrothermalquellen gedeihen ganze Ökosysteme in völliger Finsternis. Am Anfang ihrer Nahrungskette steht nicht die Sonne, sondern chemische Energieträger wie molekularer Wasserstoff, die aus dem Erdinneren strömen. Seit ihrer Entdeckung vor 30 Jahren werden Hydrothermalquellen im Zusammenhang mit dem Ursprung des Lebens diskutiert, weil die Erde dort chemische Energie spendet. Manche Hydrothermalquellen bilden sogar heute noch Methan aus CO2 auf rein geochemischem Wege. Die chemischen Bedingungen dort sind also für die Umwandlung von CO2 in organische Substanzen – die Bausteine des Lebens – förderlich.
Spurensuche in alter DNA. Molekulare Paläontologie
Authors: Hofreiter Michael 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDie Erforschung alter DNA hat in den vergangenen Jahren enorme Fortschritte gemacht. Durch die Sequenzierung kompletter mitochondrialer Genome ist es möglich, die Stammbaumverhältnisse ausgestorbener Arten mit großer Präzision zu bestimmen. Analysen vollständiger Gene aus dem Zellkern erlauben es, Merkmale ausgestorbener Tiere zu rekonstruieren, die fossil nicht erhalten bleiben, wie etwa die Haarfarbe. Durch die Verbesserung der Sequenziermethoden für DNA ist es mittlerweile möglich, das gesamte Genom ausgestorbener Arten zu decodieren. Während diese Fortschritte zu zahlreichen neuen Erkenntnissen zur Biologie ausgestorbener Arten geführt haben und noch führen werden, bleibt die Analyse alter DNA aufgrund der Instabilität des DNA‐ Moleküls in aller Regel auf den Zeitraum der letzten Million Jahre beschränkt.
Menschenaffen wie wir. Plädoyer für eine radikale evolutionäre Anthropologie
Authors: Sommer Volker 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAktuelle Erkenntnisse der Evolutionsbiologie sind nicht nur wissenschaftlich bedeutsam. Vielmehr haben sie auch weltanschauliche Konsequenzen, die unter den Stichworten Naturalismus und evolutionärer Humanismus zunehmend diskutiert werden. Wer konsequent gradualistisch denkt, für den ist die wesensgemäße Unterscheidung von Tier und Mensch ebenso problematisch wie dualistische Philosophien, die auf supranaturale Kräfte bauen. Speziell reformbedürftig ist unser Verhältnis zu Menschenaffen, deren Denkwelten den unseren ähneln. Ihnen wäre deshalb Personenstatus zuzuerkennen, und unsere eigene Gattung durch Umbenennung der Schimpansen in Homo troglodytes zu erweitern.
Evolution im Spiegel von Landschaft und Architektur. Zeit wurde Raum
Authors: Storch Volker , Küster Hansjörg 
Published: June 2009

AbstractVon Lebewesen in den vergangenen drei Milliarden Jahren aufgebaute Kohlenwasserstoffe und Carbonate blieben in Form von Sedimenten erhalten. Aus diesen Ablagerungen entstanden Lagerstätten von Rohstoffen und Gebirge. Sie prägen Landschaften in mannigfacher Weise: verkarstete Kalkgebirge, Kohlebergbaugebiete, moorige Gegenden, verlandete Meeresküsten. In den Sedimentgesteinen blieben Reste von Lebewesen in Form von Fossilien erhalten. Die Fossilien erlauben die Rekonstruktion des Evolutionsgeschehens, der Geschichte des Lebens auf der Erde. Über sie wird eine relative Stratigraphie der Ablagerungen ermöglicht. Der Aufbau der Sedimente aus Überresten von Lebewesen ist ein irreversibler Vorgang, der für die belebte Natur charakteristisch ist.
Phototaxis: Einfach ins rechte Licht drehen
Authors: Kronberg Inge 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDie weltweit wohl größte Verlagerung von Biomasse findet täglich in den Ozeanen statt: Bei der Vertikalwanderung des Zooplanktons, das die nahrungsreiche obere Wasserzone aufsucht. Gesteuert wird diese Massenwanderung im freien Wasser durch Phototaxis, also eine zum Licht gerichtete Bewegung. Experimente einer deutschen Arbeitsgruppe zeigen, wie verblüffend einfach Lichtsinn und Navigation aufeinander abgestimmt sind und beweisen außerdem, was für einen großen Selektionsvorteil schon die primitivsten Augen darstellen.
Grüne Tiere mit gestohlenen Chloroplasten
Authors: Krupinska Karin 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDer Raub von Chloroplasten wird von verschiedenen Schneckenarten praktiziert. Während die Chloroplasten meist aber nur einige Tage überleben, schafft es die smaragdgrüne Meeresschnecke Elysia chlorotica, die Chloroplasten während ihres gesamten, etwa zehn Monate dauernden Lebenszyklus als erwachsene Schnecke als Energie‐ und Kohlenhydratquelle zu nutzen.
Zellkerne als Nachtsichtgerät
Authors: Peichl Leo , Joffe Boris 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDie Augen nachtaktiver Säugetiere enthalten besonders viele der für das Nachtsehen zuständigen, hochempfindlichen Stäbchen‐Fotorezeptoren. Damit können sie Licht wahrnehmen, dessen Intensität millionenfach unter der des Tageslichts liegt. Neue Untersuchungen zeigen, dass sich der nächtliche Lebensstil und die damit verbundenen visuellen Herausforderungen bis auf die Organisation der Zellkerne in den Stäbchen ausgewirkt haben. Dicht gepackte inaktive Bereiche und weniger dicht gepackte aktive Bereiche der DNA sind in den Stäbchenkernen nachtaktiver Säuger anders verteilt als in den Körperzellen fast aller Organismen, einschließlich der Stäbchen tagaktiver Säuger. Die Zellkerne der nachtaktiven Säuger fungieren als Sammellinsen, die das eintreffende Licht bündeln.
Ilka Reinhardt – und das Märchen vom bösen Wolf
Authors: Kirsch Manuela 
Published: June 2009

AbstractVor fünf Jahren gründete Ilka Reinhardt, Wildtierbiologin und Wolfsbeauftragte des Landes Sachsen, zusammen mit ihrer Kollegin Gesa Kluth das Wildbiologische Büro LUPUS in Spreewitz in der Lausitz. Ziel ihrer Arbeit ist es, möglichst viele Fakten über die Wölfe in Sachsen zu sammeln und sich für eine Versachlichung der Diskussion über die Rückkehr dieser Tiere nach Deutschland einzusetzen.
ChemInform Abstract: [Ni(H2O)4]3 [U(OH,H2O)(UO2)8O12 (OH)3], Crystal Structure and Comparison with Uranium Minerals with U3O8‐Type Sheets.
Authors: Rivenet Murielle , Vigier Nicolas , Roussel Pascal , Abraham Francis 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Inorganic Starch—Iodine Model: The Inorganic—Organic Hybrid Compound {(C4H12N2)2 [CuII4](I2)}n.
Authors: Redel Engelbert , Roehr Caroline , Janiak Christoph 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New P‐Chiral Polyfluoroalkyl Phosphorodiamidite Ligand in Asymmetric Transformations Catalyzed by Palladium and Copper Complexes.
Authors: Benetskii E. B. , Davankov V. A. , Petrovskii P. V. , Rastorguev E. A. , Grishina T. B. , Gavrilov K. N. , Rosset S. , Bailat G. , Alexakis A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization of Alkynoic Acids with Gold Catalysts: A Surprising Dichotomy Between AuI and AuIII.
Authors: Harkat Hassina , Dembele Albert Yenimegue , Weibel Jean‐Marc , Blanc Aurelien , Pale Patrick 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Double Migration Cascades Toward (1E,3E)‐Dienes and Naphthalenes.
Authors: Dudnik Alexander S. , Schwier Todd , Gevorgyan Vladimir 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformation of Oximes and Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds Using Amberlite IRA‐400 Supported Chromic Acid in the Presence of Zirconium Tetrachloride.
Authors: Bahrami Kiumars , Khodaei Mohammad‐Mehdi , Gorgin‐Karaji Usef 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid Supported (ILS) (S)‐Pyrrolidine Sulfonamide, a Recyclable Organocatalyst for the Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition to Nitroolefins.
Authors: Ni Bukuo , Zhang Qianying , Dhungana Kritanjali , Headley Allan D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct anti‐Selective Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐Amino‐β‐keto Esters Through Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Using Ru‐Axially Chiral Phosphine Catalysts—Stereoselective Synthesis of anti‐β‐Hydroxy‐α‐amino Acids.
Authors: Makino Kazuishi , Goto Takayuki , Hiroki Yasuhiro , Hamada Yasumasa 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of 3‐Silyloxy‐1,4‐enynes: Gold(III)‐Catalyzed Regioselective Nucleophilic Substitution.
Authors: Haug Timm T. , Harschneck Tobias , Duschek Alexander , Lee Chang‐Uk , Binder Joerg T. , Menz Helge , Kirsch Stefan F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Economic Synthesis of Propargylamines by CuI‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling Reaction with Succinic Acid as Additive.
Authors: Ren Gerui , Zhang Jinli , Duan Zheng , Cui Mengjun , Wu Yangjie 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Vinylation of Alcohols or Aldehydes Employing Alkynes as Vinyl Donors: A Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C—C Bond‐Forming Transfer Hydrogenation.
Authors: Patman Ryan L. , Chaulagain Mani Raj , Williams Vanessa M. , Krische Michael J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Primary—Tertiary Diamine Catalysts Derived From Natural Amino Acids for syn‐Aldol Reactions of Hydroxy Ketones.
Authors: Li Jiuyuan , Luo Sanzhong , Cheng Jin‐Pei 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 4‐Alkyl‐ or 4‐Aryl‐3‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐halo‐1,3‐dienes from the Reaction of Allenols Having Ethoxycarbonyl Group with Indium Trihalide.
Authors: A Jae‐Myung , Lee Phil Ho 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Synthesis of Functionalized 5‐Aryl‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)phenols by Regioselective [3 + 3] Cyclocondensations of 1,3‐Bis(silyloxy)‐1,3‐butadienes with 3‐Aryl‐3‐silyloxy‐1‐trifluoromethyl‐2‐en‐1‐ones.
Authors: Buettner Stefan , Riahi Abdolmajid , Hussain Ibrar , Yawer Mirza A. , Lubbe Mathias , Villinger Alexander , Reinke Helmut , Fischer Christine , Langer Peter 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Gold(III)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroarylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Arenes under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Xiao Ya‐Ping , Liu Xin‐Yuan , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.