bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-home solid fuel use and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional analysis of the Shanghai Putuo study
Authors: Lee Mi-Sun , Hang Jing-qing , Zhang Feng-ying , Dai He-lian , Su Li , Christiani David C 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Although recent research evidence suggests an association between household air pollution from solid fuel use, such as coal or biomass, and cardiovascular events such as hypertension, little epidemiologic data are available concerning such exposure effects on cardiovascular endpoints other than hypertension. We explored the association between in-home solid fuel use and self-reported diagnoses of cardiovascular endpoints, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and diabetes.

Methods
We analyzed 14,068 Chinese adults, aged 18 years and older. Odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression models for the risk of each outcome after adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
The use of solid fuel in home was significantly associated with an increased risk for hypertension (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.40 to 2.07), CHD (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.53 to 4.32), and diabetes (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.59 to 3.86), after adjusting for potential confounders. Compared with individuals in the lowest tertile of the duration of solid fuel exposure, those in the highest tertile of the duration of solid fuel exposure had an increased odds of hypertension (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.06), stroke (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.38), and diabetes (OR 3.18, 95% CI 2.11 to 4.78).

Conclusions
Our data suggest that in-home solid fuel exposure maybe associated with increased risk for hypertension, CHD, stroke, and diabetes in the Chinese adult population. Further large-scale longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Role of low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1) in CCN2/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein transport in chondrocytes
Authors: Kawata Kazumi , Kubota Satoshi , Eguchi Takanori , Aoyama Eriko , Moritani Norifumi H. , Kondo Seiji , Nishida Takashi , Takigawa Masaharu 
Published: March 2012

LRP1 is known to be a receptor for signal transmission and endocytosis. We formerly reported that LRP1 regulates WNT/β-catenin and protein kinase C signaling in chondrocytes and represses the hypertrophy of chondrocytes during endochondral ossification, and that LRP1 is co-localized with a ligand, CCN2, which conducts endochondral ossification, on chondrocytes. However, the role of LRP1 in endocytotic transport of CCN2 in chondrocytes is not yet understood. In the present study, we investigated the interaction between LRP1 and CCN2 during endocytotic trafficking.
RNAi-mediated knockdown of LRP1 in chondrocytic HCS-2/8 cells showed that the amount of exogenous CCN2 binding/incorporation was decreased in the LRP1 down-regulated cells. Importantly, we observed that CCN2 internalization in chondrocytes was dependent on clathrin and internalizated CCN2 was co-localized with an early or recycling endosome marker. Transcytosis of CCN2 through HCS-2/8 cells was confirmed by performing experiments with a trans-well apparatus, and the amount of transcytosed CCN2 was decreased by an LRP1 antagonist. These findings rule out possible leakage and confirm the critical involvement of LRP1 during experimental transcytosis. Moreover, under the hypoxic condition mimicking the cartilaginous microenvironment, the production level of LRP1 and the amount of transcytosed CCN2 were increased, which increases were neutralized by the LRP1 antagonist. The distribution of LRP1 and its antagonist in the growth plate in vivo was consistent with that of CCN2 therein, which was produced by and transported from the chondrocytes in the prehypertrophic layer.
These findings suggest that LRP1 mediates the transcytosis of CCN2, which may be a critical event that determines the distribution of CCN2 in cartilage.
The Ndc80 internal loop is required for recruitment of the Ska complex to establish end-on microtubule attachment to kinetochores.
Authors: Zhang Gang , Kelstrup Christian D. , Hu Xiao-Wen , Hansen Mathilde J Kaas , Singleton Martin R. , Olsen Jesper V. , Nilsson Jakob 
Published: March 2012

The Ndc80 complex establishes end-on attachment of kinetochores to microtubules essential for chromosome segregation. The Ndc80 subunit is characterized by an N-terminal region, that binds directly to microtubules, and a long coiled-coil region that interacts with Nuf2. A loop region in Ndc80 that generates a kink in the structure disrupts the long coiled-coil region but the exact function of this loop is not clear.
Here we show that this loop region is essential for end-on attachment of kinetochores to microtubules in human cells. Cells expressing loop mutants of Ndc80 are unable to align the chromosomes and stable kinetochore fibers are absent. Through quantitative mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence we find that the binding of the Ska complex depends on the loop region explaining why end-on attachment is defective. This underscores the importance of the Ndc80 loop region in coordinating chromosome segregation through the recruitment of specific proteins to the kinetochore.
The Occurrence of π Molecular Orbitals in Planar Boron Clusters
Authors: Nakagami Yuto , Suzuki Nobu-Yuki , Sekine Rika , Matsuura Taisuke , Aihara Jun-ichi 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The energy of the lowest π molecular orbital in a planar boron cluster can be estimated from the connectivity of constituent boron atoms, or the mean valency of the boron atoms. Low-energy π molecular orbitals were then predicted to occur in all realistic planar polycyclic boron clusters. In fact, all such boron clusters studied have one or more π molecular orbitals with two or more π electrons. They are aromatic with positive topological resonance energies. π Conjugation and aromaticity must be totally or partially responsible for the planarity of low-energy boron clusters.
Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Steam Reforming over Noble Metal Catalysts Supported on SiO2: Mechanism of Methane Production and Reaction Conditions for Suppression of Methane Production
Authors: Ando Yuji , Matsuoka Koichi , Takagi Hideyuki , Kuramoto Koji 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We investigated ethanol steam reforming over Rh/SiO2, Pt/SiO2, Pd/SiO2, and Ru/SiO2 at 573–723 K using a fluidized-bed quartz reactor to determine which reaction conditions suppressed CH4 production and increased H2 and CO2 production. At temperatures under 623 K over Rh/SiO2 and Ru/SiO2, CH4 was produced not only by ethanol decomposition but also by the reduction of CO2 and CO to CH4. At 723 K, the product yields over all four catalysts were strongly influenced by the partial pressure of ethanol: CH4 production was suppressed, and H2 and CO2 production was increased, at low partial pressure of ethanol. These experimental results can be explained in terms of the partial pressures of CO2 and H2.
Temperature-Independent Stereoselectivity in Intramolecular Cycloaddition of Ketene Generated from Diazoester in Solution and in Vapor Phase: How Entropy Term Governs the Selectivity
Authors: Sugimura Takashi , Mitani Eigo , Tei Takahiro , Okuyama Tadashi , Kamiya Katsumasa , Matsui Toru , Shigeta Yasuteru 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition between alkene and ketene linked with 2,4-pentanediol tether was performed in a wide range of temperature, −60 to +400 °C. When the ketene was generated by photolysis at the diazoester in a pentane solution, the cycloadduct obtained was of 90–98% de depending on the structure of the olefinic part as well as the structure of the tether. Notably, each substrate showed practically constant selectivity in a temperature range of −60 to +130 °C. The thermolysis in vapor phase above 250 °C also gave the same cycloadducts; the de values of the kinetic products are similar to those obtained by photolysis. The observed temperature-independent stereoselectivity should be controlled by the entropy term, which is also investigated by ab initio calculations in the framework of density functional theory.
Optimized analytic reconstruction for SPECT
Authors: Guillement Jean-Pol , Novikov Roman G. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract.
We develop optimized analytic reconstruction for the single-photon emission
computed tomography (SPECT). This reconstruction is based on (1) Novikov's
exact and Chang's approximate inversion formulas for the attenuated ray
transform, (2) filtering techniques, and (3) Morozov type discrepancy
principle. Our numerical examples include comparisons with the standard least
square and expectation maximization iterative SPECT reconstructions.
State of the Art of Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Analytics in the E&P Industry: A Technology Survey
Authors: Bravo César , Saputelli Luigi , Rivas Francklin , Pérez Anna Gabriela , Nikolaou Michael , Zangl Georg , de Guzman Neil , Mohaghegh Shahab , Nunez Gustavo 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used for more than two decades as a development tool for solutions in several areas of the E&P industry: virtual sensing, production control and optimization, forecasting, and simulation, among many others. Nevertheless, AI applications have not been consolidated as standard solutions in the industry, and most common applications of AI still are case studies and pilot projects.
In this work, an analysis of a survey conducted on a broad group of professionals related to several E&P operations and service companies is presented. This survey captures the level of AI knowledge in the industry, the most common application areas, and the expectations of the users from AI-based solutions. It also includes a literature review of technical papers related to AI applications and trends in the market and R&D.
The survey helped to verify that (a) data mining and neural networks are by far the most popular AI technologies used in the industry; (b) approximately 50% of respondents declared they were somehow engaged in applying workflow automation, automatic process control, rule-based case reasoning, data mining, proxy models, and virtual environments; (c) production is the area most impacted by the applications of AI technologies; (d) the perceived level of available literature and public knowledge of AI technologies is generally low; and (e) although availability of information is generally low, it is not perceived equally among different roles.
This work aims to be a guide for personnel responsible for production and asset management on how AI-based applications can add more value and improve their decision making. The results of the survey offer a guideline on which tools to consider for each particular oil and gas challenge. It also illustrates how AI techniques will play an important role in future developments of IT solutions in the E&P industry.
BMSI – An Index Parameter for Toughness and Durability Assessment of Sized CaCO3
Authors: Amanullah Md , Allen Tim 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Different index parameters are used for quick assessment of mechanical properties of rocks in civil, soil and rock mechanical applications. These index parameters provide valuable information regarding material toughness, abrasion resistance, durability, strength, etc under different forces of interactions and environmental conditions. The sized bridging materials (SBMs) used in drill-in fluid design belongs to rock family and thus any rock mechanical parameters such as UCS, tensile strength, shear strength, etc can be used for mechanical characterization of SBMs to select the best and reject the worst. However, due to granular size of the SBMs with a typical particle size of below 2000 microns, the conventional rock mechanical parameters are not applicable for assessing the toughness and durability of SBMs. Hence, an appropriate index parameter is needed to assess the toughness and durability of SBMs to select the best SBMs for superior drill-in fluid formulation. This paper describes an index parameter defined as Bridging Material Stability Index (BMSI) for quick and reliable assessment of the toughness and durability of SBMs.
Empirical results indicate strong relation of the index parameter with the quality of the SBMs and thus provide a quantitative means for quality control and quality assurance of SBMs. Statistical analyses of the coefficient of variation of BMSI indicate significantly lower coefficient of variation compared to common rock mechanical parameters such as compressive strength, tensile strength and shear strength parameters.
The application of the index parameter will allow selecting the best and rejecting the worst SBMs for superior drill-in fluid formulations and thus expected to play a pivotal role in reducing formation damage and enhancing well productivity.
A Strategic Approach for the Development of Next Generation Reservoir Simulators
Authors: Jha Ashutosh Kumar , Bansal Gopal , Sangwai Jitendra 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In present scenario the applications of numerical reservoir simulators are very wide and extensive. Simulation is the only tool to describe quantitatively multi-phase flow in a heterogeneous reservoir. But, nowadays most of the users of reservoir simulators are becoming the hostages of computer-generated results, even though, many incorrect analysis techniques, mathematical models and computational approaches are used extensively in reservoir simulation study. This paper revealing such incorrect but commonly accepted approaches presents alternate and correct mathematical approaches for the advancement of simulators.
First of all authors take privilege of their previous work where, through wide literature survey, various examples (e.g. fracture and shale flow solutions where fine mesh discretization technique may lead to erroneous results due to singular velocities at the fracture and shale tips, fracture flow modeling using discrete point source which was replaced by continuous line source, etc.) of incorrect models were shown and proved to be the source of erroneous results and numerical instability [5].
After revealing such incorrect models, the solutions for eliminating this incorrect techniques and models are presented and proved numerically and analytically. Mathematical techniques and formulations used in this paper are finite element method, finite volume method, advanced conformal mapping, streamfunction and streamline tracing, modern singular integral equation approaches, moving boundary value problems technique, artificial viscosity analysis, generalization of coordinate system, curvilinear grid generation, integral transformations, etc., which stabilize the mentioned simulation models.
The recent technological innovations in drilling and production and complicated reservoir studies have challenged the existing simulators so is the key target of this paper is to move in direction of the next generation simulators that can solve the various mentioned inaccuracies. Various accurate mesh generation algorithms are anticipated to develop through this paper to revolutionize the modern reservoir simulation study.
Evaluating Thermal Performance in a Giant Heavy Oil Field
Authors: Dutta Soumik , Carnell Andrew , Singh Chander , Ramalingam P. , Chelladurai Samuel 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This paper describes a methodology to evaluate thermal performance in an immature giant heavy oil asset undergoing enhanced oil recovery through pattern wise steam flooding. The challenge was to predict the thermal production performance of the patterns as limited information was available on field level as the patterns were yet to show thermal decline. This methodology illustrates building and reconciling of type curve models based on the history match results of the pilot test area. These type curves are then used to predict the performance at the pattern and field level until a clear thermal decline is established. The resultant type curves are then periodically calibrated with the latest production data to ensure the validity of the methodology. This methodology is repeatable and can be adapted for use in other thermal heavy oil fields.
Comparative Study of Different Sand Samples and Potential for Hydraulic-Fracturing Applications
Authors: Kothamasu Ramya , Choudhary Yogesh Kumar , Kurubaran M. Kumara 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
An unprecedented surge of hydraulic fracturing activities over the past few years has resulted in a huge demand for quality sand and consequently has increased the supply-demand gap for sand that meets quality standards. Sand used for hydraulic fracturing is qualified based on its ability to meet quality standards described by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and, more recently, by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). White sand from the Ottawa deposits of the northern US and brown sand from deposits in the southwest US are widely used for hydraulic fracturing. Until recently, these "quality" sand deposits provided sufficient supplies for ongoing needs, but now there is a need to evaluate alternative sources of sand that meets the specifications given by the ISO.
In this paper, performance of different sand samples procured from different parts of India and Saudi Arabia are discussed. The sand is characterized by performing sieve analysis, characterizing particle shape (i.e., sphericity and roundness), acid solubility tests, crush-resistance tests, and baseline conductivity experiments, for which the results are presented. Ottawa sand generated 7.7% fines, whereas one of the alternatives generated 8.1% fines at 4,000 psi. Similarly, conductivity for Ottawa and an alternative sand sample was 4,850 and 4,770 md-ft respectively at closure stress of 2000 psi. In conclusion, the results show less than 2% variation between Ottawa and the best alternative sand sample.
Considering stringent ISO requirements, few alternatives for widely used Ottawa sand have been identified. Analysis performed in this study will help in evaluating locally available sand, which should provide more security of supply and economic benefits.
Optimization of Cyclic Steam Stimulation in Highly Stratified Heavy Oil Reservoir of Middle Magdalena Basin: Moriche Field
Authors: Higuera Daniel , Pachano Karen , Sur Sidhartha , Useche Javier , Serna Alvaro 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Moriche is a heavy oil field operated by Mansarovar Energy Colombia Limited (MECL), structurally located in the western flank of the Middle Magdalena Basin; near Teca, Nare Sur and Jazmín fields which were the first fields that applied CSS as enhanced recovery method in Colombia. For Moriche Field to be an economically attractive development it was necessary to use thermal methods to enhance oil recovery. The Moriche oil production comes from a multilayer reservoir called B zone, a shallow reservoir with high viscosity oil (800 cp to 2600 cp); formation pressure from 600 to 1200 psi and low formation temperature from 100-120 °F. The thin sandstones found are a result of the fluvial depositional environment and have a high content of smectite and illite interbedded with shales which makes them highly stratified.
Cyclic steam stimulation in Moriche began in 2009 applying the experiences of the fields mentioned before; most of the stimulations presented a low response after CSS. Critical events were taking place and some challenges to solve: 1.) Low steam injectivity, rapid well pressurization and very high decline rate. 2.) Low steam quality at the bottom hole. 3.) Formation damage during drilling and steam injection due to high content of smectite. 4.) Selective steam injection in open hole completions. 5.) Implementation of new technologies in EOR process.
Several numerical simulation runs were made to understand the heat transfer process, the production behavior and to define the best steam injection parameters and procedures to ensure a good response after CSS, followed by full field numerical simulation model, laboratory test and implementation of new technologies in EOR.
This paper highlights CSS pilots done to optimize steam injection and the full field implementation in order to increase well productivity; the data analysis and laboratory procedures to identify formation damage and its implementation and the importance of simulation modeling in thermal process.
An Efficient Horizontal Cased Hole Multistage Stimulation Well: China Case Story
Authors: Liu Guang Hua , Cui Hui Kai , Fould Jeremie , Lee JS , Wang Hai Long , Zhang Xing Guo , Aviles Isaac , Baihly Jason 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Drilling activity has been steadily ramping up in China to meet the countries energy demand and government production goals. This is moving some activity to previously unexploited ‘tight’ formations requiring hydraulic fracturing to produce economically. These formations have historically been producing with stimulated vertical wells and some horizontal un-stimulated wells. Many of these tight reservoirs exist in the Bohai Basin of Eastern China.
In order to quickly ramp up production to meet the governments’ goals, new drilling and completion techniques are being used including completing horizontal wells with multistage hydraulic fractures in some fields. In some low producing areas new methods of isolating and stimulating wells are being investigated by the operator. New stimulation isolation methods must be streamlined as much as possible in order to achieve the production goals quickly and economically.
One of the new completion systems that was developed for cemented wells requiring multistage stimulation us generically called the treat and produce (TAP) completion system. This high efficiency completion system has recently been used in China’s Dagang field to stimulate a horizontal well.
The TAP system was run by the operator in the Dagang field, where cased and cemented vertical completions are common and require artificial lift to produce. Horizontal cemented completions have been recently introduced as a means to increase field wide production. Although plug and perforating methods are applicable for these wells, the client turned to a more efficient solution. TAP systems permit continuous pumping operations to be performed while precisely placing multiple hydraulic fracture treatments along the horizontal section; immediate flowback is possible for further production and efficiency gains.
In order to efficiently complete the horizontal well, a treat and produce (TAP) system was used in order to complete the well. This completion system uses a series of sliding sleeve valves that are installed as part of the casing string. These valves are actuated by pressure and sliding sleeves with graduated ball seats.
This paper describes the TAP completion system and its application in the Dangang field in China. TAP completions enabled optimized fractures placement and propagation in cemented completions that resulted in efficiency and production gains for the client, proving the application for the field. By means of a case history, the specific design and operation of the TAP completions system are discussed.