bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of lifting‐device aerodynamics using the actuator surface concept
Authors: Sibuet Watters Christophe , Masson Christian 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe actuator surface (AS) concept and its implementation within a differential, Navier–Stokes control volume finite‐element method (CVFEM) are presented in this article. Inspired by vortex and actuator disk methods, the AS concept consists of using porous surfaces carrying velocity and pressure discontinuities to model the action of lifting surfaces on the flow. The underlying principles and mathematics associated with AS are first reviewed, as well as their implementation in a CVFEM. Results are presented for idealized 2D cases with analytical solutions, as well as for the 3D cases of a finite wing and an experimental wind turbine. In the case of the finite wing, wake induction is well handled by the model with accurate predictions of induced angles and drag when compared with the Prandtl lifting line model. Comparisons with volume force approaches, often used to model the action of propellers or wind turbine blades in a simplified analysis, show that the AS concept has some interesting advantages in terms of accuracy and respect of flow physics. This new approach is easy and rapid to embed in most computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. It is applicable to a wide range of problems involving thin lifting devices like finite wings, propellers, helicopter or wind turbine blades. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite volume simulation of viscous free surface waves using the Cartesian cut cell approach
Authors: Bai W. , Mingham C. G. , Causon D. M. , Qian L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe application of the Cartesian cut cell approach in the numerical simulation of two‐dimensional viscous free surface flows is described. The Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method is adopted to update the moving free water surface in a semi‐Lagrangian scheme, in which a finite volume method of second‐order accuracy in space is used for solving the flow field based on an Eulerian description at each time step. The cut cell approach is employed to track the free surface and solid boundaries across a stationary background Cartesian grid covering the whole fluid, air and solid regions. In this approach, the cells full of air and solid are not calculated explicitly, and apart from the fluid cells, cut cells and merged cells are treated separately in terms of corresponding boundary conditions. In order to validate the present numerical method, current flow past a circular cylinder at various low Reynolds numbers and wave sloshing in a rectangular container are tested first. Further numerical results are obtained for the propagation of regular waves and a wave passing over a submerged dike. The model is also applied to the simulation of radiation waves induced by a forced oscillating submerged circular cylinder. The results indicate that the present numerical model using the Cartesian cut cell approach is highly efficient for solving the wave fields, and fully automatic for generating boundary fitted meshes. These features are particularly useful for moving boundary problems in a larger computational domain and with a longer simulation time. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying cognitive adjustment theory to cross‐cultural training for global virtual teams
Authors: Brandl Julia , Neyer Anne‐Katrin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGlobal virtual teams are faced with the challenge of developing trust in a technology‐mediated context to overcome anxiety and uncertainty in their interactions. Research shows that adjustment is a function of an individual's ability to manage his or her anxiety and uncertainty in an unknown context (Gudykunst, 1995). We propose that the type of cross‐cultural training (CCT) received can influence cognitive adjustment in global virtual teams. Building on phenomenology and sense‐making theory, we argue that training needs to develop global virtual team members' capabilities in dealing with the unknown rather than providing ready‐made concepts of cultures. Managerial implications of our theoretical discussion of cognitive adjustment and how CCT influences it are discussed, as are directions for future research. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preventing burnout: the effects of LMX and mentoring on socialization, role stress, and burnout
Authors: Thomas Christopher H. , Lankau Melenie J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHalbesleben and Buckley's (2004) review of burnout research suggested a lingering need to examine the relationship between social support and burnout. We address that need by investigating Leader‐Member Exchange (LMX) and mentoring as sources of workplace social support. We used data from 422 employees in a health care setting to test three structural models investigating the direct and indirect effects of LMX, supervisory mentoring, and nonsupervisory mentoring on organizational socialization, role stress, and burnout. Results suggest that high‐LMX supervisors and nonsupervisory mentors serve as resources that minimize emotional exhaustion through increased socialization and decreased role stress. This study advances the literature on burnout by clarifying the effects of different types of social support in reducing burnout. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced expression of Annexin A4 in clear cell carcinoma of the ovary and its association with chemoresistance to carboplatin
Authors: Kim Ayako , Enomoto Takayuki , Serada Satoshi , Ueda Yutaka , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Ripley Barry , Miyatake Takashi , Fujita Masami , Lee Chun Man , Morimoto Koji , Fujimoto Minoru , Kimura Tadashi , Naka Tetsuji 
Published: May 2009

AbstractClear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the ovary is known to be highly resistant to platinum‐based chemotherapy. The purpose of our study was to identify a candidate protein that is associated with chemoresistance of CCC and to investigate the specific mechanism of chemoresistance conferred by the identified protein. Enhanced expression of Annexin A4 (Anx A4) was identified in ovarian CCC cells using 2‐D differential gel electrophoresis (2D‐DIGE) and mass spectrometry. Anx A4 levels were elevated in CCC cells compared with non‐CCC cells as determined by real‐time RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis of Anx A4 was performed in 126 epithelial ovarian cancer tissue samples and demonstrated significantly elevated levels of Anx A4 protein levels in ovarian CCC tumors compared with ovarian serous and endometrioid tumors (p < 0.01). Anx A4‐transfected ovarian non‐CCC cells were more resistant to carboplatin (IC50 = 42 μM) compared with control cells (IC50 = 23 μM) as determined by modified MTT assay. Intracellular platinum levels were significantly lower in Anx A4‐transfected cells compared with control cells after carboplatin treatment (p = 0.0020) and after an additional 360 min of carboplatin‐free incubation (p = 0.0004), as measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Expression of Anx A4 is elevated in ovarian CCC tumors and is associated with chemoresistance in cultured ovarian cancer cells. These results demonstrate that Anx A4 confers chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells in part by enhancing drug efflux. Thus, Anx A4 may represent a novel therapeutic target of chemoresistance in patients with ovarian CCC. © 2009 UICC
Distinct progression‐associated expression of tumor and stromal MMPs in HaCaT skin SCCs correlates with onset of invasion
Authors: Vosseler Silvia , Lederle Wiltrud , Airola Kristiina , Obermueller Eva , Fusenig Norbert E. , Mueller Margareta M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critically involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. However, failure of broad spectrum MMP inhibitors in clinical trials emphasizes the need for detailed analyses of the specific role of different MMPs in tumor malignancy. Using HaCaT‐keratinocyte clones representing distinct stages in skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) progression, we demonstrate the expression of specific tumor and stroma‐derived MMPs with the onset and maintenance of tumor invasion. Although MMP‐9‐positive leukocytes are present in benign and malignant tumor transplants at the onset of stromal activation and angiogenesis, mRNA expression of stroma‐derived MMP‐9 as well as MMP‐2, −13 and −14 is exclusively found in enhanced malignant tumor transplants. Their expression initiates with the onset of invasion, whereas being absent in early noninvasive stages of malignant transplants. In addition, a high expression of tumor‐derived MMP‐1, −2 and −14 contributes to malignant and invasive tumor growth. However, stroma‐derived MMP‐3 is exclusively restricted to very late‐stage invasive and malignant transplants. The functional contribution of these proteases to invasive growth is supported by the gelatinolytic activity in the tumor transplants that again initiates with the onset of invasive growth suggesting a crucial role of MMP‐2, −9, −13 and −14 for the establishment of a reactive stroma that promotes tumor invasion. These data demonstrate a complex cooperation of distinct tumor and stroma‐derived MMPs in the establishment of malignant tumors and provide the basis for a more specific use of highly selective MMP inhibitors during distinct stages of tumor progression. © 2009 UICC
Computing free energy hypersurfaces for anisotropic intermolecular associations
Authors: Strümpfer Johan , Naidoo Kevin J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe previously used an adaptive reaction coordinate force biasing method for calculating the free energy of conformation (Naidoo and Brady, J Am Chem Soc 1999, 121, 2244) and chemical reactions (Rajamani et al., J Comput Chem 2003, 24, 1775) amongst others. Here, we describe a generalized version able to produce free energies in multiple dimensions, descriptively named the free energies from adaptive reaction coordinate forces method. To illustrate it, we describe how we calculate a multidimensional intermolecular orientational free energy, which can be used to investigate complex systems such as protein conformation and liquids. This multidimensional intermolecular free energy W(r, θ1, θ2, ϕ) provides a measure of orientationally dependent interactions that are appropriate for applications in systems that inherently have molecular anisotropic features. It is a highly informative free energy volume, which can be used to parameterize key terms such as the Gay‐Berne intermolecular potential in coarse grain simulations. To demonstrate the value of the information gained from the W(r, θ1, θ2, ϕ) hypersurfaces we calculated them for TIP3P, TIP4P, and TIP5P dimer water models in vacuum. A comparison with a commonly used one‐dimensional distance free energy profile is made to illustrate the significant increase in configurational information. The W(r) plots show little difference between the three models while the W(r, θ1, θ2, ϕ) hypersurfaces reveal the underlying energetic reasons why these potentials reproduce tetrahedrality in the condensed phase so differently from each. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010
Projective modules over polynomial rings: a constructive approach
Authors: Barhoumi S. , Lombardi H. , Yengui I. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe give a constructive proof of the fact that finitely generated projective modules over a polynomial ring with coefficients in a Prüfer domain R with Krull dimension ≤ 1 are extended from R. In particular, we obtain constructively that finitely generated projective R[X1, …, Xn ]‐modules, where R is a Bezout domain with Krull dimension ≤ 1, are free. Our proof is essentially based on a dynamical method for decreasing the Krull dimension and a constructive rereading of the original proof given by Maroscia and Brewer & Costa. Moreover, we obtain a simple constructive proof of a result due to Lequain and Simis stating that finitely generated modules over R[X1, …, Xn ], n ≥ 2, are extended from R if and only if this holds for n = 1, where R is an arithmetical ring with finite Krull dimension (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
TV optimization and graph‐cuts
Authors: Darbon J. , Lefebvre S. , Chan T.F. , Esedoglu S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper describes some links between the minimization of the Total Variation and the minimization of some binary energies. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Methods and system of functional programming for supporting supercomputing
Authors: Kasyanov V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the paper, the functional programming system SFP being under development at the Institute of Informatics Systems in Novosibirsk is considered. The SFP system is aimed at supporting development of parallel computing applications that still offer high performance and portability. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ventricular interaction quantified with a novel multi‐scale cardiovascular model
Authors: Kerckhoffs Roy , Neal Maxwell , Bassinghtwaighte James , Omens Jeffrey , McCulloch Andrew 
Published: May 2009

AbstractVentricular interaction (VI) in the heart is the influence of function of one ventricle on the other. To investigate VI, a novel multi‐scale model of the canine cardiovascular system was developed. Multiple beats of a normal heart were simulated, followed by pulmonary artery constriction (PAC). VI was quantified by computing ventricular co‐compliances, i.e. the volumic changes in each ventricle due to a pressure change in the other ventricle (CRL = dVR/dPL and CLR = dVL/dPR). CLR and CRL varied throughout the cardiac cycles. After PAC, diastolic values changed acutely from –5.7 to –6.5 ml/mmHg, due to an abrupt change in VI. The model is likely to be useful in investigating VI, among others, in many clinical settings. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Helmholtz equation outside an open arc in a plane with a mixed boundary condition
Authors: Kolybasova Valentina , Krutitskii Pavel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA boundary value problem for the Helmholtz equation outside an open arc in a plane is studied with mixed boundary conditions. In doing so, the Dirichlet condition is specified on one side of the open arc and the boundary condition of the third kind is specified on the other side of the open arc. We consider non‐propagative Helmholtz equation, real‐valued solutions of which satisfy maximum principle. By using the potential theory the boundary value problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations with additional conditions. By regularization and subsequent transformations, this system is reduced to a vector Fredholm equation of the second kind and index zero. It is proved that the obtained vector Fredholm equation is uniquely solvable. Therefore the integral representation for a solution of the original boundary value problem is obtained. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling of macroscopical transient frost processes and microscopical driving forces
Authors: Kruschwitz Jens , Setzer Max J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe artificial saturation phenomenon due to freeze‐thaw cycles is described by a multi‐phase and multiscale model (1; 2; 3) formulated within the Theory of Porous Media, (4). It represents partially saturated concrete as a mixture of 5 interacting constituents φa, namely the solid skeleton φs, the bulk water φl, the pore volume occupied by vapour φv, the ice φi and the gel water phase φp. Most relevant for the model is the distinction between two length scales and their characteristic time scales. The boundary is marked where macroscopic bulk conditions change to surface physics and chemistry. Surface physics and chemistry acting on the nano‐scale affect fundamental properties of concrete and consequently the durability of concrete against freeze‐thaw.At the macroscopic scale the model describes transient conditions (i.e. water‐uptake, heat transport, volume dilatation of 9 %, phase change of first order considering hysteresis) which are characterized by a relatively long time period to reach equilibrium in contrast to the processes modelled on the microstructure. At the microscopic scale the model represents the nanoscopic CSH‐gel system consisting of solid CSH and water as a linked system of both components basing on the concept of the “Solid‐Liquid Gel System” (5). In the constribution the numerical results of the model are presented with focus on the evaluation of the process zone during the penetration of the melting front into the matrix. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Design of the web‐tool on differential equations
Authors: Miidla Peep 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this presentation the web‐tool on differential equations is introduced. The structure of this and the Instructional System Design ADDIE are under consideration. The tool is in the developing stage and would be used in ECMI educational system, particularly in the Master Program of ECMI. The part of the tool in great importance are the simulation and modelling means. Creating of these leads to the collaboration with other ECMI universities. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Some geometric properties of a Banach sequence space n (ϕ) related to lp
Authors: Mursaleen M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper we study some geometric properties of the sequence spaces n (ϕ) such as Banach‐Saks property, fixed point property and Schur property. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Secant method under generalized Lipschitz conditions for the divided difference operator
Authors: Shakhno Stepan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this work we introduce for the first time the generalized Lipschitz conditions for the divided difference operator. A positive integrable function, partial case of which is usual Lipschitz constant, is suggested. Under the given conditions the convergence of the Secant method for solving the operator equations in Banach spaces is investigated, the uniqueness ball for the solution is obtained. As a partial case the known results for the Lipschitz constants are received. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Usage scenarios of a semantic‐based digital shape workbench
Authors: Vavalis Manolis 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMotivated by the undisputed emergence of 3D content, this paper presents cases where semantic technologies have the potential to be used to build robust real‐life solutions out of the AIM@SHAPE Digital Shape Workbench both in its current and its future forms. We focus on understanding what makes semantic knowledge applications successful in operational environments which involve shapes and present existing and future scenarios on favoring ontology based integration that systematically resolves both syntactic and semantic heterogeneity, allowing scientists to concentrate more on their content. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of direct melt compounding and masterbatch dilution on the structure and properties of nanoclay‐filled polyolefins
Authors: Eteläaho Pirkko , Nevalainen Katja , Suihkonen Reija , Vuorinen Jyrki , Hanhi Kalle , Järvelä Pentti 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe differences that direct melt compounding and masterbatch dilution cause in the properties of melt compounded polypropylene (PP) and high density polyethylene‐based (PE‐HD) nanocomposites are presented. The results include comparison of properties and morphology of directly melt processed organoclay nanocomposites with similar compounds diluted from commercial and in‐house‐made masterbatches to clay concentrations of 1, 3, 6, and 8 wt%. The compounds were prepared with a co‐rotating Brabender twin‐screw extruder. The degree of exfoliation and the dispersion of the nanoclay were verified with transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Thermal stability of the materials was examined with thermogravimetric analysis and the mechanical properties of the compounded materials were also determined. The most promising results regarding mechanical behavior were achieved with the in‐house‐made masterbatch in the form of a notable increase in Young's modulus in both matrices. There was also a distinct increase in impact strength when masterbatch was used. Changes were more pronounced in case of PP. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Unified production of chlorinated isotactic polypropylene and chlorinated paraffin via a solvent free chlorination process
Authors: Tan Kui‐Long , Li Chun‐Xi , Lu Ying‐Zhou , Wang Zi‐Hao 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn environmentally friendly method for producing chlorinated isotactic polypropylene (CIPP) with chlorine percentage of 28–35, by weight is proposed, in which a reactive solvent, paraffin, is used to replace the commonly used inert solvent of carbon tetrachloride (CTC), an ozone depleting substance being phased out under the Montreal Protocol. This method utilizes the principle that paraffin can dissolve isotactic polypropylene (IPP) at about 150°C and the resulting solution can be chlorinated concurrently, forming two useful products, viz. chlorinated paraffin (CP) and CIPP, which are mutually soluble even at lower temperature, e.g., 70°C. The present method is superior to the conventional CTC solvent method because it can reduce the solvent emission dramatically, enhance the volume efficiency of reactor, and achieve a unified production of CIPP and CP under atmospheric pressure. The structure and properties of CIPP produced by two different methods are determined by differential scanning calorimetry, attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), and13C‐NMR. The results indicate that IPP chain can be homogeneously chlorinated in paraffin as in CTC solvent via a radical mechanism. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
G‐protein‐coupled receptor structures were not built in a day
Authors: Blois Tracy M. , Bowie James U. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAmong the most exciting recent developments in structural biology is the structure determination of G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), which comprise the largest class of membrane proteins in mammalian cells and have enormous importance for disease and drug development. The GPCR structures are perhaps the most visible examples of a nascent revolution in membrane protein structure determination. Like other major milestones in science, however, such as the sequencing of the human genome, these achievements were built on a hidden foundation of technological developments. Here, we describe some of the methods that are fueling the membrane protein structure revolution and have enabled the determination of the current GPCR structures, along with new techniques that may lead to future structures.
Xamiol: betamethasone plus calcipotriol for scalp psoriasis
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Bewley Anthony 
Published: May 2009

AbstractXamiol, a new treatment for scalp psoriasis, is a formulation of betamethasone and calcipotriol in a gel vehicle. In this New products review Steve Chaplin discusses the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects and Dr Anthony Bewley comments on its place in the treatment of scalp psoriasis. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd