bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein and solute distribution in drug substance containers during frozen storage and post‐thawing: A tool to understand and define freezing–thawing parameters in biotechnology process development
Authors: Kolhe Parag , Badkar Advait 
Published: November 2010

AbstractActive pharmaceutical ingredient for biotechnology‐based drugs, commonly known as drug substance (DS), is often stored frozen for longer shelf‐life. Freezing DS enhances stability by slowing down reaction rates that lead to protein instability, minimizes the risk of microbial growth, and eliminates the risk of transport‐related stress. High density polyethylene bottles are commonly used for storing monoclonal antibody DS due to good mechanical stress/strain resistant properties even at low temperatures. Despite the aforementioned advantages for frozen storage of DS, this is not devoid of risks. Proteins are known to undergo ice–water surface denaturation, cryoconcentration, and cold denaturation during freezing. A systematic investigation was performed to better understand the protein and solute distribution along with potential of aggregate formation during freeze and thaw process. A significant solute and protein concentration gradient was observed for both frozen and thawed DS bottles. In case of thawed DS, cryoconcentration was localized in the bottom layer and a linear increase in concentration as a function of liquid depth was observed. On the other hand, for frozen DS, a “bell shaped” cryoconcentration distribution was observed between the bottom layers and centre position. A cryoconcentration of almost three‐fold was observed for frozen DS in the most concentrated part when freezing was conducted at −20 and −40 °C and 2.5‐fold cryoconcentration was observed in the thawed DS before mixing. The information obtained in this study is critical to design freeze thaw experiments, storage condition determination, and process improvement in manufacturing environment. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Conservative and dietary interventions for cancer‐related lymphedema
Authors: McNeely Margaret L. , Peddle Carolyn J. , Yurick Janice L. , Dayes Ian S. , Mackey John R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe findings support the use of compression garments and compression bandaging for reducing lymphedema volume in upper and lower extremity cancer‐related lymphedema. Specific to breast cancer, a statistically significant, clinically small beneficial effect was found from the addition of manual lymph drainage massage to compression therapy for upper extremity lymphedema volume. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Randomized trial of 2 dosages of prophylactic granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor after induction chemotherapy in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Inaba Hiroto , Cao Xueyuan , Pounds Stanley , Pui Ching‐Hon , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Razzouk Bassem I. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) is effective in accelerating neutrophil recovery after intensive chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the optimal G‐CSF dosage for patients with AML has not been determined. To the authors' knowledge, G‐CSF dosages have not been compared in a randomized AML study.METHODS:Patients who were enrolled on the St. Jude AML97 protocol and remained on study after window therapy were eligible to participate. The effect of the dosage of G‐CSF given after induction chemotherapy Courses 1 and 2 was analyzed in 46 patients who were assigned randomly in a double‐blinded manner to receive either 5 μg/kg daily or 10 μg/kg daily of G‐CSF. The number of days of G‐CSF treatment, neutropenia (an absolute neutrophil count <0.5 × 109/L), and hospitalization; the number of episodes of febrile neutropenia, grade 2 through 4 infection, and antimicrobial therapy; transfusion requirements; the cost of supportive care; and survival were compared between the 2 study arms.RESULTS:No statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 arms in any of the endpoints measured.CONCLUSIONS:The higher G‐CSF dosage (10 μg/kg daily) offered no greater benefit than the lower dosage (5 μg/kg daily) in patients who were receiving intensive chemotherapy for AML. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Racial/ethnic disparities in survival among men diagnosed with prostate cancer in Texas
Authors: White Arica , Coker Ann L. , Du Xianglin L. , Eggleston Katherine S. , Williams Melanie 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:To the authors' knowledge, few studies to date have examined racial differences in prostate cancer survival while controlling for socioeconomic status (SES). No such studies have examined this association in Texas, a large state with significant ethnic and racial diversity. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether racial disparities in survival for men diagnosed with prostate cancer in Texas from 1995 through 2002 remained after adjusting for SES, rural residence, and stage of disease.METHODS:A cohort of 87,449 men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer was identified from the Texas Cancer Registry. The SES measure was based on census tract data reflecting median household income, median home value, and percentages of men living below poverty, with a college education, and with a management or professional occupation. The 5‐year survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for race and all‐cause and disease‐specific mortality.RESULTS:After adjusting for SES, age, stage of disease, tumor grade, year of diagnosis, and rural residence, both black and Hispanic men were more likely (adjusted HR [aHR], 1.70 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.58‐1.83] and aHR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.02‐1.20], respectively) to die of prostate cancer compared with white men. The pattern of survival disadvantage for black men held for those diagnosed with localized disease and advanced disease, and for those with an unknown stage of disease at diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS:Substantial racial disparities in prostate cancer survival were found for men in Texas. Future studies should incorporate treatment data as well as comorbid conditions because this information may explain noted survival disparities. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Alan Dawley: A Personal Remembrance
Authors: Nicolosi Ann Marie 
Published: November 2010

Alan Dawley was many things to many people. He was a prolific and important scholar whose work has helped to define and shape the study of American history. He was a committed activist, a loving family man, a world traveler, and a man whose intellectual capacities were matched only by his generosity as a teacher and mentor. It is in this latter role that I write about Alan and in this role that Alan left his mark in a very personal sense for me.I had the pleasure of knowing Alan in many capacities. He was my colleague, my fellow activist, sometimes my battle companion, and my friend. But it is as my teacher and mentor that I will remember him best. Indeed, even as we became colleagues and friends, there still remained the element of the wise teacher and mentor and, perhaps, the adoring student who recognized the towering accomplishments of her teacher, accomplishments greater than what she, or very few others in the profession for that matter, could ever hope to achieve.
Nutrient intake during an elite level three‐day event competition is correlated to inflammatory markers and antioxidant status
Authors: WILLIAMS C. A. , BURK A. O. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study: Dietary intake and feeding management practices could affect the degree of physiological stress and subsequent performance of high level 3‐day event horses.Objectives: To assess whether a relationship exists between dietary intake levels of selected nutrients and the inflammatory and antioxidant status in horses competing in a high level 3‐day event.Materials and methods: Riders competing in a CCI2*/CCI3* 3‐day event (n = 35) answered a nutritional management survey conducted by the investigators at the competition. Actual and recommended intakes of vitamin E, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) were calculated using the manufacturer or NRC values. Blood samples, bodyweight and body condition score of horses were taken precompetition, 30 min and 18–24 h after cross‐country, but before stadium jumping. Data were analysed using a mixed model ANOVA with repeated measures and Pearson's product moment correlation.Results: Estimated daily intakes of vitamin E, K, Ca, P and Mg for horses were higher than daily recommended levels (P<0.05). In response to competition, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNFα; P = 0.0002), nitric oxide (NO; P = 0.013) and β‐carotene (BC; P<0.0001) decreased, creatine kinase (P<0.0001) and aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.001) increased, and α‐tocopherol and retinol did not change. Intake of vitamin E, K, Ca, P and bodyweight were negatively correlated with TNFα (P<0.05). Vitamin E and bodyweight were also negatively correlated with NO (P<0.05). Pasture intake and BC were positively correlated (P<0.0001).Conclusions: The decline in systemic inflammatory markers is probably due to increased utilisation or excretion and decreased production related to the increased oxidative stress experienced by horses during competition. High bodyweights could also predispose horses to a higher level of inflammation during 3‐day event competition.
Effects of chronic acetazolamide administration on gas exchange and acid‐base control in pulmonary circulation in exercising horses
Authors: VENGUST M. , STÄMPFLI H. , DE MORAES A. N. , TEIXEIRO‐NETO F. , VIEL L. , HEIGENHAUSER G. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study: Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyses the hydration/dehydration reaction of CO2 and increases the rate of Cl‐ and HCO3‐ exchange between the erythrocytes and plasma. Therefore, chronic inhibition of CA has a potential to attenuate CO2 output and induce greater metabolic and respiratory acidosis in exercising horses.Objectives: To determine the effects of Carbonic anhydrase inhibition on CO2 output and ionic exchange between erythrocytes and plasma and their influence on acid‐base balance in the pulmonary circulation (across the lung) in exercising horses with and without CA inhibition.Methods: Six horses were exercised to exhaustion on a treadmill without (Con) and with CA inhibition (AczTr). CA inhibition was achieved with administration of acetazolamide (10 mg/kg bwt t.i.d. for 3 days and 30 mg/kg bwt before exercise). Arterial, mixed venous blood and CO2 output were sampled at rest and during exercise. An integrated physicochemical systems approach was used to describe acid base changes.Results: AczTr decreased the duration of exercise by 45% (P<0.0001). During the transition from rest to exercise CO2 output was lower in AczTr (P<0.0001). Arterial PCO2 (P<0.0001; mean ± s.e. 71 ± 2 mmHg AczTr, 46 ± 2 mmHg Con) was higher, whereas hydrogen ion (P = 0.01; 12.8 ± 0.6 nEq/l AczTr, 15.5 ± 0.6 nEq/l Con) and bicarbonate (P = 0.007; 5.5 ± 0.7 mEq/l AczTr, 10.1 ± 1.3 mEq/l Con) differences across the lung were lower in AczTr compared to Con. No difference was observed in weak electrolytes across the lung. Strong ion difference across the lung was lower in AczTr (P = 0.0003; 4.9 ± 0.8 mEq AczTr, 7.5 ± 1.2 mEq Con), which was affected by strong ion changes across the lung with exception of lactate.Conclusions: CO2 and chloride changes in erythrocytes across the lung seem to be the major contributors to acid‐base and ions balance in pulmonary circulation in exercising horses.
From source-oriented databases to event-history data files: a twelve-step action plan for the analysis of individual and household life histories
Authors: Boonstra Onno , Panhuysen Maarten 
Published: November 2010

Population registers are recognised to be a very important source for demographic research, because it enables us to study the lifecourse of individuals as well as households. A very good technique for lifecourse analysis is event history analysis. Unfortunately, there are marked differences in the way the data are available in population registers and the way event history analysis expects them to be. The source-oriented approach of computing historical data calls for a ‘five-file structure’, whereas event history analysis only can handle fiat files. In this article, we suggest a series of twelve steps with which population register data can be transposed from a five-file structured database into a ‘flat file’ event history analysis dataset.
Incidence of work injuries amongst Danish adolescents and their association with work environment factors
Authors: Rasmussen Kurt , Hansen Claus D. , Nielsen Kent J. , Andersen Johan H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe objective was to examine the incidence of work accidents that required medical attention among Danish adolescents and to identify possible work environment factors associated with such accidents.MethodsWe collected information in two questionnaire rounds (2004 and 2007) from a birth cohort comprising all adolescents born in 1989 (n = 3,687) living in Ringkjøbing County, Denmark. The questionnaire contained items on self‐reported number of accidents and number of working hours in both rounds and on work environment factors in the second round.ResultsApproximately 5% of the adolescents who held a job, experienced a work injury at the age of 17. This equals an incidence of 65 accidents per million working hours. Most adolescents had decent working conditions, although nearly half reported that their work was heavy, monotonous or psychologically demanding. Heavy work, high psychological demands and low social support increased the risk of experiencing work injuries after adjustment for a number of factors.ConclusionsThe incidence of work injuries among adolescents appears to be higher than the incidence among their older colleagues. Lack of social support from management significantly raised adolescents' risk of experiencing a work injury. This suggests that more direct supervision may be a good way of preventing accidents in this age group. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:143–152, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How feeding competition determines female chimpanzee gregariousness and ranging in the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Riedel Julia , Franz Mathias , Boesch Christophe 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSocioecological theory suggests that feeding competition shapes female social relationships. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) live in fission–fusion societies that allow them to react flexibly to increased feeding competition by forming smaller foraging parties when food is scarce. In chimpanzees at Gombe and Kibale, female dominance rank can crucially influence feeding competition and reproductive success as high‐ranking females monopolize core areas of relatively high quality, are more gregarious, and have higher body mass and reproductive success than low‐ranking females. Chimpanzee females in Taï National Park do not monopolize core areas; they use the entire territory as do the males of their community and are highly gregarious. Although female chimpanzees in Taï generally exhibit a linear dominance hierarchy benefits of high rank are currently not well understood. We used a multivariate analysis of long‐term data from two Taï chimpanzee communities to test whether high‐ranking females (1) increase gregariousness and (2) minimize their travel costs. We found that high‐ranking females were more gregarious than low‐rankers only when food was scarce. During periods of food scarcity, high rank allowed females to enjoy benefits of gregariousness, while low‐ranking females strongly decreased their gregariousness. High‐ranking females traveled more than low‐ranking females, suggesting that low‐rankers might follow a strategy to minimize energy expenditure. Our results suggest that, in contrast to other chimpanzee populations and depending on the prevailing ecological conditions, female chimpanzees at Taï respond differently to varying levels of feeding competition. Care needs to be taken before generalizing results found in any one chimpanzee population to the species level. Am. J. Primatol. 73:305–313, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new two‐phase route to cadmium sulfide quantum dots using amphiphilic hyperbranched polymers as unimolecular nanoreactors
Authors: Shi Yunfeng , Liang Jiamiao , Liu Lanbo , He Lin , Tu Chunlai , Guo Xinqiu , Zhu Bangshang , Jin Chengyu , Yan Deyue , Han Tao , Zhu Xinyuan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new two‐phase route was developed to prepare monodisperse cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs) with a narrow size distribution. In a two‐phase system, chloroform and water were used as separate solvents for palmitoyl chloride functionalized hyperbranched polyamidoamine (HPAMAM‐PC) and cadmium acetate/sodium sulfide, respectively. The amphiphilic HPAMAM‐PC, with a hydrophilic dendritic core and hydrophobic arms, formed stable unimolecular micelles in chloroform and was used to encapsulate aqueous Cd2+ ions. After the reaction with S2− ions from the aqueous phase, monodisperse and uniform‐sized CdS QDs stabilized by HPAMAM‐PC unimolecular micelles were obtained. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120:991–997, 2011
Synthesis, thermal, and photo alignment behavior of polyethylene imines having nitro substituent azobenzene side chain group
Authors: Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Kuwahara Yutaka , Ogata Tomonari , Ujiie Seiji , Kurihara Seiji 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPolyethylene imines having nitro substituent azobenzene side chain group with different methylene spacer groups (PEImN) were successfully synthesized and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopic, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. All synthesized polyethylene imines showed liquid crystalline properties and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PEImN decreased as the number of methylene spacers increased. Melting temperatures (Tm) of synthesized PEImN showed an odd‐even effect. Photochemical, thermo‐optical, as well as photo alignment behavior of PEImN were investigated and out‐of‐plane orientational behavior of polymeric films was dependent on number of methylene spacers and polyethylene imines having higher number of methylene spacers (six or more) showed high order parameter values that revealed the well pronounced tendency for the development of out‐of‐plane order from random state on annealing. And the molecular orientation of PEImN between random and out‐of‐plane structures has been achieved by the combination of thermal and photochemical processes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Characterization, separation performance, and model analysis of STPP‐chitosan/PAN polyelectrolyte complex membranes
Authors: Ma Xiao‐Hua , Xu Zhen‐Liang , Ji Chao‐Qing , Wei Yong‐Ming , Yang Hu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPolyelectrolyte complex membranes (PCMs) were prepared using sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) solution surface‐crosslinking chitosan/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite membranes. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to characterize the surface‐crosslinking. The effects of different surface‐crosslinking time on morphologies, element distribution, and crystal structures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion of X‐ray (EDX), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of crosslinking ratio on swelling ratio was analyzed. The separation performances of PCMs in terms of permeation flux and separation factor were measured by dehydrating ethyl acetate aqueous solutions. A kinetic model of crosslinking reaction was proposed to investigate the effect of crosslinking agent concentration and surface‐crosslinking time on the crosslinking ratio of PCMs. It was found that the membrane possessed the excellent performance when surface crosslinked for 15 min. The permeation flux and separation factor were 336 g/(m2 h) and 6270 in 97 wt % ethyl acetate aqueous solution at 313 K. The crosslinking ratio of PCM exponentially increased as time increased, while linearly increased as concentration and diffusion coefficient of crosslinking agent STPP solution increased. And the effect of crosslinking agent concentration on crosslinking ratio was inversely proportional to surface‐crosslinking time. The experimental results matched well with the kinetic model when STPP concentration was lower than 5 wt %. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Melt spinning of β‐phase poly(vinylidene fluoride) yarns with and without a conductive core
Authors: Lund Anja , Hagström Bengt 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWhen poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is to be used as a piezoelectric material, the processing must include the formation of polar β‐phase crystallites, as well as the application of electrically conducting charge collectors, that is, electrodes. In this article, results from the melt spinning of PVDF yarns and a novel bicomponent PVDF‐yarn with a conductive carbon black/polypropylene (CB/PP) core are presented. Melt spinning has been done under conditions typical for industrial large‐scale fiber production. The effects on the resulting crystalline structure of varying the spinning velocity, draw rate, and draw temperature are discussed. The results show that, for maximum α‐to‐β phase transformation, cold drawing should take place at a temperature between 70 and 90°C, and both the draw ratio and the draw rate should be as high as possible. It was observed that the cold drawing necessary to form β‐phase crystallinity simultaneously leads to a decrease in the core conductivity of the bicomponent yarns. In this work, the melt spinning of bicomponent fibers with high‐β‐phase PVDF in the sheath and a CB/PP core was successfully accomplished. The core material remained electrically conductive, paving the way for the use of a CB‐polymer compound as inner electrode in the melt spinning of piezoelectric bicomponent fibers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Polybenzimidazoles based on 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids: Synthesis and evaluation of physicochemical properties toward their applicability as proton exchange and gas separation membrane material
Authors: Bhavsar Rupesh S. , Nahire Sandip B. , Kale Mrunali S. , Patil Shubhangi G. , Aher Pradnya P. , Bhavsar Ritesh A. , Kharul Ulhas K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA series of aromatic–aliphatic polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) based on 3,3'‐diaminobenzidine (DAB) and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid with incremental CH2 groups were synthesized. Optimization of synthesis parameters and evaluation of physicochemical properties are requisite for PBI applicability as the proton exchange membrane (PEM) and gas separation membrane materials are reported. It was found that though all these PBIs exhibited high thermal, mechanical, and oxidative stability, effect of added flexibility on physical properties is not monotonous. Membranes were prepared by solution casting as well as phase‐inversion method. The later types of membranes exhibited much higher H3PO4 content than its doping achieved in the solution casted membranes. These PBIs possess low hydrogen and helium permeability than that of conventional PBI. This low permeability, along with their excellent oxidative stability indicated that they can be promising PEM materials. Their CO2‐sorption analysis revealed that PBI6 based on suberic acid possesses appreciable CO2 sorption. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011