bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic activity of free‐prostate‐specific antigen (f‐PSA) is not required for some of its physiological activities
Authors: Chadha Kailash C. , Nair Bindukumar B. , Chakravarthi Srikant , Zhou Rita , Godoy Alejandro , Mohler James L. , Aalinkeel Ravikumar , Schwartz Stanley A. , Smith Gary J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate specific antigen (PSA) is a well known biomarker for early diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. Furthermore, PSA has been documented to have anti‐angiogenic and anti‐tumorigenic activities in both in vitro and in vivo studies. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism(s) involved in regulation of these processes, in particular the role of the serine‐protease enzymatic activity of PSA.METHODSEnzymatic activity of PSA isolated directly from seminal plasma was inhibited specifically (>95%) by incubation with zinc2+. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were utilized to compare/contrast the physiological effects of enzymatically active versus inactive PSA.RESULTSEquimolar concentrations of enzymatically active PSA and PSA enzymatically inactivated by incubation with Zn2+ had similar physiological effects on HUVEC, including inhibiting the gene expression of pro‐angiogenic growth factors, like VEGF and bFGF, and up‐regulation of expression of the anti‐angiogenic growth factor IFN‐γ; suppression of mRNA expression for markers of blood vessel development, like FAK, FLT, KDR, TWIST‐1; P‐38; inhibition of endothelial tube formation in the in vitro Matrigel Tube Formation Assay; and inhibition of endothelial cell invasion and migration properties.DISCUSSIONOur data provides compelling evidence that the transcriptional regulatory and the anti‐angiogenic activities of human PSA are independent of the innate enzymatic activity. Prostate 71:1680–1690, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combining novel monitoring tools and precision application technologies for integrated high‐tech crop protection in the future (a discussion document)
Authors: Zijlstra Carolien , Lund Ivar , Justesen Annemarie F , Nicolaisen Mogens , Jensen Peter Kryger , Bianciotto Valeria , Posta Katalin , Balestrini Raffaella , Przetakiewicz Anna , Czembor Elzbieta , de Zande Jan van 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe possibility of combining novel monitoring techniques and precision spraying for crop protection in the future is discussed. A generic model for an innovative crop protection system has been used as a framework. This system will be able to monitor the entire cropping system and identify the presence of relevant pests, diseases and weeds online, and will be location specific. The system will offer prevention, monitoring, interpretation and action which will be performed in a continuous way. The monitoring is divided into several parts. Planting material, seeds and soil should be monitored for prevention purposes before the growing period to avoid, for example, the introduction of disease into the field and to ensure optimal growth conditions. Data from previous growing seasons, such as the location of weeds and previous diseases, should also be included. During the growing season, the crop will be monitored at a macroscale level until a location that needs special attention is identified. If relevant, this area will be monitored more intensively at a microscale level. A decision engine will analyse the data and offer advice on how to control the detected diseases, pests and weeds, using precision spray techniques or alternative measures. The goal is to provide tools that are able to produce high‐quality products with the minimal use of conventional plant protection products. This review describes the technologies that can be used or that need further development in order to achieve this goal. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
RESPONSES OF BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES TO ABRUPT CHANGES OF TEMPERATURE IN FLUME SIMULATIONS
Authors: Carolli M. , Bruno M. C. , Siviglia A. , Maiolini B. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTSudden instream releases of hypolimnetic water from hydropower plants (i.e. hydropeaking) can cause abrupt temperature variations (i.e. thermopeaking), typically on a daily basis. We investigated the thermopeaking effects on benthic invertebrate drift by simulating abrupt thermal shifts in experimental flumes. We conducted two cold thermopeaking and two warm thermopeaking simulations by quickly cooling the water by 3–4°C during the warm season and by warming the water by 2–3°C during the cold season at a rate of about 2.4 × 10−1°C min−1. This rate is very similar to those associated with hydropeaking waves in rivers in the same watershed as the experimental flumes. Although the achieved changes in temperature were within a tolerability range for benthic invertebrates, their drift increased threefold and fivefold, and twofold and fourfold in the two cold and two warm thermopeaking experiments, respectively. Assemblage composition of drift before and during the experiment differed, indicating that some taxa respond to abrupt thermal alterations. Larvae of Chironomidae, Simuliidae and Baetidae were the most abundant drifting taxa in all experiments during temperature alterations. The drift induced was probably behavioural, given the immediate responses of invertebrates that begun to drift within 2 min from the start of the simulations. This type of drift differs from catastrophic drift that usually occurs as a response to hydropeaking. The two types of drift can occur as distinct events in streams impacted by hydropower plants with high‐elevation reservoirs and hypolimnetic releases because the propagation of the discharge and thermal waves are asynchronous, causing the benthic community to undergo two distinct but consecutive impacts. Our results suggest that the long‐term effects of thermopeaking are mixed and synergical with those caused by hydropeaking and, on the long term, may alter the longitudinal distribution of benthic communities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell‐surface ultrastructural changes during the in vitro neuron‐like differentiation of rat bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , He Dongmei , Chen Li , Chen Tongsheng , Jin Hua , Cai Jiye , Chen Yong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe neuron‐like differentiation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) has been extensively studied. However, the alternations of the cell‐surface ultrastructures and the membrane tension/reservoir of the cells during this differentiation process are poorly understood. Therefore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was utilized in this study to observe the cell‐surface ultrastructural changes among rat bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMMSCs), partially differentiated cells, and fully differentiated neuron‐like cells. By analyzing the stiffness of plasma membranes, lamellipodial extensions, average heights of small membrane protrusions and relatively larger uplifted structures, and peak‐peak spacing among protrusions and/or uplifted structures, we found that the membrane reservoir may potentially decrease upon the differentiation from rBMMSCs to partially differentiated cells and to fully differentiated neuron‐like cells. The results may help to better understanding the membrane tension of various types of cells and related biological processes, such as membrane traffic, cell adhesion, motility, differentiation, among others. The data also implies that AFM may be a useful tool for evaluating membrane reservoir by imaging cell‐surface ultrastructures. SCANNING 33: 69–77, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolving communication patterns in response to an acquisition event
Authors: Allatta Joan T. , Singh Harbir 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study uses network data of worker behavior to analyze changes in worker communication patterns during the first three years post‐acquisition. The findings suggest that new communication routines develop slowly and are not entirely enduring even when a transformative event, such as an acquisition, occurs. Communication across firms initially increases as workers change their routines. However, over time this communication peaks and then falls as workers develop common ground. Communication across firms was greater when workers' tasks were interdependent. Overall, this study demonstrates that communication routines persist even after an organizationally transforming event. It illustrates the importance of both the formal and informal organization as well as the promise of using social network methods and communication log data to study social phenomena of strategic interest. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do switching costs mediate the relationship between entry timing and performance?
Authors: Gómez Jaime , Maícas Juan Pablo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to test the effectiveness of switching costs as an isolating mechanism in the context of the first‐mover advantage theory. Whereas both the literature on switching costs and on pioneering propose this as a mechanism through which firms could obtain sustainable competitive advantage, other authors offer a rationale for thinking that this is not the case. We test our hypotheses in the context of the European mobile telecommunications industry. This is a sector that has been characterized by high rates of growth in the number of subscribers, which could reduce the effectiveness of switching costs from being effective as an isolating mechanism. Our results show that switching costs are an important tool through which first‐mover advantages materialize. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo effects of pardoprunox (SLV308), a partial D2/D3 receptor and 5‐HT1A receptor agonist, on rat dopamine and serotonin neuronal activity
Authors: Bétry Cécile , Etiévant Adeline , Lambás‐Señas Laura , Mccreary Andrew C. , Haddjeri Nasser 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe nonergot ligand pardoprunox (SLV308) is a dopamine (DA) D2/D3 and serotonin (5‐HT)1A receptor agonist and a new candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. We used in vivo electrophysiological paradigm in the rat to assess the effects of pardoprunox on DA neuronal activity in ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) as well as on 5‐HT neuronal activity in dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). In the VTA, pardoprunox (2–20 μg kg−1, i.v.) decreased partially the firing activity of DA neurons. Interestingly, the bursting activity of VTA DA neurons was completely suppressed. This compound both reversed and prevented the inhibition of firing rate induced by the full D2‐like receptor agonist apomorphine, confirming its partial D2‐like receptor agonistic property. Surprisingly in the SNc, pardoprunox (10 μg kg−1, i.v.) either partially or fully suppressed the firing activity in two separate populations of DA neurons. Finally, in the DRN, pardoprunox (5–40 μg kg−1, i.v.) completely suppressed the firing activity of 5‐HT neurons. Moreover, the selective 5‐HT1A receptor antagonist WAY‐100,635 prevented and reversed the effects of pardoprunox. The present study shows that pardoprunox acts in the VTA as a potent partial D2‐like receptor agonist reducing preferentially the burst activity linked to the phasic activity of DA neurons. Unexpectedly in the SNc, pardoprunox behaves either as apartial or a full D2‐like receptor agonist. Finally in the DRN, pardoprunox is a potent full 5‐HT1A receptor agonist. Hence, this in vivo study suggests that pardoprunox represents a promising approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Synapse, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rückseitenmetallisierung Wafer‐basierter Si‐Solarzellen mittels EB‐PVD
Authors: Reinhold Ekkehart , Faber Jörg , Otto Falk 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMit dem Elektronenstrahlverdampfen ist eine neuartige Beschichtungstechnologie für die Rückseitenmetallisierung von Wafer‐basierten Si‐Solarzellen ins Blickfeld gekommen. Die Motivation ergibt sich aus dem Kostendruck im Wettbewerb mit der Dünnschicht‐Photovoltaik und dem Kosteneinsparpotenzial durch Anwendung des Elektronenstrahlverdampfens. Der Beitrag stellt ein hochproduktives Anlagenkonzept näher vor und geht darauf ein, unter welchen Gesichtspunkten eine Anlagenkonzeptanpassung an die jeweils besonderen Solarzellen‐typischen Merkmale erforderlich ist. Außerdem werden verschiedene PVD‐Technologien hinsichtlich ihres Einsatzpotenzials für die Wafer‐Rückseitenmetallisierung miteinander verglichen. Herausforderungen bei der Einführung der Elektronenstrahl‐Verdampfungstechnologie und besondere Chancen, die ihr Einsatz eröffnet, werden betrachtet.
PECVD mit der Bandhohlkathode
Authors: Nikolov Krasimir , Schuhmacher Bernd , Jung Thomas , Klages Claus‐Peter 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNiederdruck‐Glimmentladungen sind für die Entwicklung neuartiger Oberflächenmodifikationen und ‐beschichtungen von Stahlfeinblechen von großem Interesse. Die Herausforderungen bei der Integration der Plasmaprozesse in vorhandene kontinuierliche Beschichtungsprozesse von Feinblech bestehen in der Notwendigkeit von sehr hohen Behandlungsraten und minimalen parasitären Ablagerungen. Unter Berücksichtigung dieser Anforderungen wurde auf Basis einer scheibenförmigen Hohlkathode, die von den Substraten selbst gebildet wird, ein neuartiges Bandhohlkathodenverfahren (Strip Hollow Cathode – SHC) für die Oberflächenbehandlung entwickelt. Dieses Verfahren hat hohes Potenzial für die kontinuierliche Behandlung von Stahlband, was anhand unterschiedlicher Anwendungsbereiche aufgezeigt wird.
Charakterisierung von Schichten und Platten
Authors: Sklarczyk Christoph 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMit Hilfe von Mikrowellen lassen sich die unterschiedlichsten Werkstoffe in Form von Schichten, Platten oder Objekten komplexer Geometrie hinsichtlich ihrer Materialeigenschaften, Fehler und Geometrie charakterisieren. Die Prüfung erfolgt zerstörungsfrei und kann berührungslos und schnell durchgeführt werden. Im Durchstrahlungsmodus können nichtmetallische und elektrisch schwach leitende Werkstoffe bis zu einer Dicke von mehreren cm untersucht werden, metallische Werkstoffe dagegen je nach Leitfähigkeit bis zu einer Dicke von mehreren µm oder nm. Im Reflexionsmodus lassen sich auch elektrisch stärker leitende Materialien prüfen.
Prevalence of Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Impact on Bone Mineral Density in Elderly Men: MrOs Sweden
Authors: Siilin Helene , Lundgren Ewa , Mallmin Hans , Mellström Dan , Ohlsson Claes , Karlsson Magnus , Orwoll Eric , Ljunggren Östen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundAge and sex are of importance in the development of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), and the disease is most common in postmenopausal women. Skeletal complications are well known at an advanced stage of PHPT, although the impact on bone mineral density (BMD) is evident in patients with mild disease. This study examines the prevalence of PHPT in elderly men and its impact on BMD.MethodsCalcium homeostasis and BMD, measured by dual X‐ray absorptiometry, were evaluated in 3014 men ages 69 to 81 years in the MrOS‐Sweden cohort. Individuals with a low glomerular filtration rate (<21 ml/min/1.73 m2) and vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/l) were excluded. Among the remaining subjects, PHPT was assumed in subjects with above‐normal albumin‐adjusted serum (s)‐calcium and plasma intact parathyroid hormone (p‐iPTH) levels (PHPT group). BMD was compared between the PHPT group and men without PHPT. Subjects with inappropriately elevated iPTH (IEP group), based on both s‐calcium (2.34 mmol/l) and iPTH (4.24 pmol/l) levels being above the median level, were compared to the rest of the cohort.ResultsThe prevalence of PHPT was estimated to be 0.73%. The mean BMD in the total hip and femoral neck was lower in the PHPT group than in the PHPT controls. Significantly lower BMD (p < 0.05) was seen in the IEP group (total hip and lumbar spine).ConclusionsElderly men appear to have a lower prevalence of PHPT than women at the same age. The impact of disturbed calcium homeostasis on BMD was also evident in this population group.
Structural basis of fumarate hydratase deficiency
Authors: Picaud Sarah , Kavanagh Kathryn L. , Yue Wyatt W. , Lee Wen Hwa , Muller‐Knapp Susanne , Gileadi Opher , Sacchettini James , Oppermann Udo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFumarate hydratase catalyzes the stereospecific hydration across the olefinic double bond in fumarate leading to L‐malate. The enzyme is expressed in mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments, and participates in the Krebs cycle in mitochondria, as well as in regulation of cytosolic fumarate levels. Fumarate hydratase deficiency is an autosomal recessive trait presenting as metabolic disorder with severe encephalopathy, seizures and poor neurological outcome. Heterozygous mutations are associated with a predisposition to cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas and to renal cancer. The crystal structure of human fumarate hydratase shows that mutations can be grouped into two distinct classes either affecting structural integrity of the core enzyme architecture, or are localized around the enzyme active site.An interactive version of this manuscript (which may contain additional mutations appended after acceptance of this manuscript) may be found on the SSIEM website at:http://www.ssiem.org/resources/structures/FH.
Pulmonary vascular disease in Gaucher disease: clinical spectrum, determinants of phenotype and long‐term outcomes of therapy
Authors: Lo Sarah Michelman , Liu Jun , Chen F. , Pastores G. M. , Knowles J. , Boxer M. , Aleck Kirk , Mistry Pramod K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) are rare pulmonary vascular complications of type 1 Gaucher disease (GD1). We examined GBA1 genotype, spleen status, Severity Score Index (SSI), and other patient characteristics as determinants of GD/PAH‐HPS phenotype. We also examined the long‐term outcomes of imiglucerase enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) +/− adjuvant therapies in 14 consecutive patients. We hypothesized a role of BMPR2 and ALK1 as genetic modifiers underlying GD/PAH‐HPS phenotype. Median age at diagnosis of GD1 was 5 yrs (2–22); PAH was diagnosed at median 36 yrs (22–63). There was a preponderance of females (ratio 5:2). ERT was commenced at median 36.5 yrs (16–53) and adjuvant therapy at 36 yrs (24–57). GBA1 genotype was N370S homozygous in two patients, N370S heteroallelic in 12. Median SSI was 15 (7–20). All patients had undergone splenectomy at median age 12 yrs (2–30). In three patients, HPS was the initial presentation, and PAH developed after its resolution; in these three, HPS responded dramatically to ERT. In seven patients, sequencing of the coding regions of BMPR2 and ALK1 was undertaken: 3/7 were heterozygous for BMPR2 polymorphisms; none harbored ALK1 variants. With ERT (± adjuvant therapy), 5/14 improved dramatically, five remained stable, two worsened, and two died prematurely. In this largest series of GD/PAH‐HPS patients, there is preponderance of females and N370S heteroallelic GBA1 genotype. Splenectomy appears essential to development of this phenotype. In some patients, HPS precedes PAH. BMPR2 and ALK1 appear not be modifier genes for this rare phenotype of GD. ERT +/− adjuvant therapy improves prognosis of this devastating GD phenotype.
Identification of ChIP-seq mapped targets of HP1β due to bombesin/GRP receptor activation
Authors: Tell Robert , Wang Q. Tian , Blunier Adam , Benya Richard V. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Epithelial cells lining the adult colon do not normally express gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) or its receptor (GRPR). In contrast, GRP/GRPR can be aberrantly expressed in human colorectal cancer (CRC) including Caco-2 cells. We have previously shown that GRPR activation results in the up-regulation of HP1β, an epigenetic modifier of gene transcription. The aim of this study was to identify the genes whose expression is altered by HP1β subsequent to GRPR activation. We determined HP1β binding positions throughout the genome using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massively parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq). After exposure to GRP, we identified 9,625 genomic positions occupied by HP1β. We performed gene microarray analysis on Caco-2 cells in the absence and presence of a GRPR specific antagonist as well as siRNA to HP1β. The expression of 97 genes was altered subsequent to GRPR antagonism, while the expression of 473 genes was altered by HP1β siRNA exposure. When these data were evaluated in concert with our ChIP-seq findings, 9 genes showed evidence of possible altered expression as a function of GRPR signaling via HP1β. Of these, genomic PCR of immunoprecipitated chromatin demonstrated that GRPR signaling affected the expression of IL1RAPL2, FAM13A, GBE1, PLK3, and SLCO1B3. These findings provide the first evidence by which GRPR aberrantly expressed in CRC might affect tumor progression.
Anne Boleyn and Reform
Authors: Dowling Maria 
Published: March 2011

In 1530 or 1531 Thomas Alwaye, an otherwise obscure evangelical prosecuted by Wolsey and the bishops for buying English new testaments and other prohibited books, petitioned Anne Boleyn for intervention in his affairs in the following extraordinary terms:When extreme need began to compel me, right honourable lady, to make me friends by whose means I might be released out of my miserable thraldom, I could not find one in all this realm in whom I had any hope or looked for any comfort until your gracious ladyship came unto my remembrance. But anon I remembered how many deeds of pity your goodness had done within these few years, and that without respect of any persons, as well to strangers and aliens as to many of this land, as well to poor as to rich: whereof some looking for no redemption were by your gracious means not only freely delivered out of costly and very long imprisoning, but also by your charity largely rewarded and all thing restored to the uttermost, so that every man may perceive that your gracious and Christian mind is everywhere ready to help, succour and comfort them that be afflicted, troubled and vexed, and that not only in word and tongue, but even after the saying of St John.
Richard Hooker and John Calvin: a Comment
Authors: Bauckham Richard 
Published: March 2011

The question of Hooker's relationship to Calvin is an interesting one, but I wonder how far the evidence Dr Avis presents can really take us towards understanding it.One aspect of the evidence which he has pointed out is the rather surprising paucity of Hooker's references to Calvin. In the Polity, outside the account of Calvin's proceeding at Geneva, Hooker cites Calvin only nine times, six times in his support and three times in order to disagree with him. In Hooker's works other than the Polity, there are six citations from Calvin, all in support of Hooker's argument. It should also be noticed that almost all of these references are polemical in intent, referring to Calvin because Calvin is an authority for Hooker's opponents. In most cases Hooker is trying to show that at some point even Calvin supports Hooker's case against the puritans. This material can, therefore, tell us little about Calvin's real theological influence on Hooker, which, if significant, must appear in ways other than explicit reference to Calvin.
The Assault on Mammon: Charles Gore and John Neville Figgis
Authors: Newsome David 
Published: March 2011

‘War! That is the enduring condition of the Church on this earth. That is what the word means when we call her militant. And war means an enemy, an opposing spirit. You can have no warfare without there be two mutually opposing spirits’.This makes an impressive opening to a sermon. It would have served as a summons to a Crusade. And, in a sense, so it was—at least in the mind of the preacher, John Neville Figgis, priest of the Community of the Resurrection, when he chose to startle the congregation of All Saints', Margaret Street, by portraying for them the likeness of Antichrist.