bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematics and biology of the Leopard-spotted Goby, Gobius ephippiatus [Teleostei: Gobiidae], with description of a new genus and notes on the identity of G. macrolepis Kolombatovic
Authors: Miller P. J. 
Published: May 2009

The leopard-spotted goby, Gobius forsteri Corbin 1958, described from the western English Channel, is identified with the Madeiran Gobius ephippiatus Lowe 1839, the latter name becoming a senior subjective synonym for this species. From study of variation, with size of fish, in number of lateral-line sensory papillae in preopercular-mandibular row i, it is concluded that the Aegean Gobius thori De Buen 1928 may also be referred to G. ephippiatus. Examination of the syntypes of G. macrolepis Kolombatovic 1891, from the Adriatic, has shown that this name belongs to a close relative of G. ephippiatus and not to Mediterranean populations of the Atlantic Lesueurigobius friesii (Malm), as recent authors have supposed. A new genus, Thorogobius, is proposed for G. ephippiatus, the type species, and G. macrolepis, and a key provided to these two species, which differ in meristic features, development of pelvic anterior membrane and disc, head coloration, and relative number of sensory papillae. Further systematic data on material studied, synonymies, body proportions, papillae and meristic counts are also given.As the complete list of known occurrences indicates, T. ephippiatus appears to be a warm temperate Mediterranean-Atlantic form which penetrates the eastern Atlantic boreal region around the British Isles at least as far north as the North Channel and eastwards to Lulworth Cove (western English Channel). As an inshore shelf species, T. ephippiatus occurs in or near crevices associated with vertical rock faces, from LWST to 30–40 m. Diet probably consists chiefly of crustaceans and polychaetes. Maximum total length recorded is 129 mm, and greatest age 9 years (determined from otoliths), with sexual maturity by the fifth year of life (age 4 +).
Mating in Myodocopina (Crustacea: Ostracoda): Results from Video Recordings of a Highly Iridescent Cypridinid
Authors: Parker Andrew R. 
Published: May 2009

The first account of mating in a myodocopine using evidence from video recordings is presented herein for Skogsbergia sp. (Cypridinidae). After initial courtship the male and female ostracods, with ventral margins adjacent and anterior ends directly opposite, join their mandibular claws and furcae. Both furcae are pushed in a posterior direction until the ventral margins of the carapace meet. In this position, with genitalia directly opposite, copulation presumably occurs. This mating procedure lasts for five seconds.Myodocopine ostracods are diverse marine crustaceans occurring world-wide at depths from 0–6000 m (Kornicker, 1975). All myodocopines reproduce sexually (Cohen & Morin, 1990). Some bioluminescent cypridinids (Myodocopina) use luminescent signalling during courtship; males produce species-specific patterns of flashes in the water column to attract females (Morin, 1986). Although myodocopines may be amongst the most abundant macroinvertebrates on the continental shelf (J.K. Lowry, personal communication), they have been the subject of relatively few behavioural studies, and in particular their copulation process is poorly documented (Cohen & Morin, 1990).Two accounts of myodocopine mating have been reported. In 1914 the cypridinid Vargula hilgendorfii (Muller, 1890) was observed mating in a Petri dish (Okada & Kato, 1949). The male clasped the female using the first antennae while swimming with the natatory second antennae. After 30 to 60 min they rested on their lateral sides, with ventral margins touching and heads facing in opposite directions; the penis (lying between the paired copulatory ‘limbs') was protruded into the female carapace and the spermatophore was transferred. This copulation lasted more than 30 min (Okada & Kato, 1949).
Chromatophores and Body Patterning in the SquidAlloteuthis Subulata
Authors: Cornwell C.J. , Messenger J.B. , Hanlon R.T. 
Published: May 2009

The chromatophore system of the small loliginid squidAlloteuthis subulata(Mollusca: Cephalopoda) is very simple and the repertoire of body patterns limited. There are red and yellow chromatophores only. On the dorsal mantle there are more yellows than reds; on the ventral mantle and there are more reds than yellows. The dorsal reds are larger than the yellows and bear more radial muscles. The significance of these findings is discussed.Alloteuthis subulataLamarck is a small loliginid, common in shallow water near Plymouth (Holme, 1974; Lipinski, 1985; Rodhouse et al., 1988). Little is known of its natural history and behaviour and chromatophores and body patterns of adults have never been described, although the skin of this species has been used in physiological studies of colour change (Messenger, 1991; Messenger et al., 1991; Cornwell & Messenger, 1995).Over 100 adult animals of both sexes, caught by trawl at depths of 10–60 m, were examined; their mantle lengths ranged from 70 to 130 mm. Living animals were observed in large aquaria with circulating sea-water. Counts and measurements of chromatophores were made on colour photographs (taken through a Nikon dissecting microscope) of pieces of fresh skin (20×20 mm) dissected from animals killed by decapitation or after MgCl2anaesthesia (Messenger et al., 1985). Chromatophores were counted first when fully retracted (by 1×10−3M 5-HT) and then when fully expanded (with 1×10−3M L-glutamate: Cornwell & Messenger, 1995). All measurements were made in the same area of the body: the central and anterior part of the mantle, dorsally and ventrally (Figure 2).
Ovulinata Nom. Nov., A Replacement Name for Ovulina Anderson, Rogerson & Hannah, 1996 (Protista: Filosea)
Authors: Anderson O. Roger , Rogerson Andrew , Hannah Fiona 
Published: May 2009

The generic name Ovulina was proposed by Anderson, Rogerson & Hannah (1996) to apply to the type and only species O. parva Anderson et al., 1996 based on laboratory cultured individuals isolated from sediments in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland and type specimen deposited in the British Museum of Natural History (registration number 1995:10:25:2). The name is a junior homonym and therefore invalid. Ovulina was proposed previously for a foraminiferan by Ehrenberg (1854) and used subsequently by Gruber (1884).Ovulinata nom. nov. is proposed here as a replacement name for Ovulina Anderson, Rogerson & Hannah, 1996. The name signifies the ovoid shape of the test and the ovulate cell body as described in the original diagnosis and etymology (Anderson et al., 1996).
Freezing Resistance, Temperature and Salinity Tolerance in Eggs, Larvae and Adults of Capelin, Mallotus Villosus, From Balsfjord
Authors: Davenport John , Stene Anne 
Published: May 2009

The capelin of lodde, Mallotus villosus Müller is a salmonoid teleost of great commercial importance, being caught in large quantities by Norway, Iceland, the U.S.S.R. and Canada. The species has a circumpolar distribution, is limited to high northern latitudes, and has been the subject of two major review articles (Templeman, 1948; Jangaard, 1974).Most Norwegian capelin spawn sublittorally in the Barents Sea, but a population living in a long fjord near Tromsö in northern Norway (Balsfjord) spawns, like the Newfoundland capelin (Jeffers, 1931, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto), between the tidemarks, their sticky eggs adhering to gravel, stones and weed. The capelin from Balsfjord appear to be separate from the Barents Sea stocks, and are now believed to remain within the fjord throughout their life history (Friis-Sörensen, 1983, unpublished Cand. real, thesis, University of Tromsö).
Cold Induced Abnormal Catches of Sole
Authors: Horwood J.W. , Millner R.S. 
Published: May 2009

Large catches of sole (Solea solea) were made in early 1996 from the south-western North Sea. Sole suffer physiological damage in waters below 3–4 C. In February 1996 cold water of 3–4 C unusually extended from the Continental coast onto the Dogger Bank. It is likely that the increased catches were due to the consequential distribution and behaviour of the sole, making them more susceptible to capture.Exceptionally large catches of mature sole (Solea solea (L.)) were made in February 1996 by Lowestoft fishermen from the south-western North Sea. Surprisingly this was not welcome. The UK allocation of the North Sea sole is -4 % of the EU Total Allowable Catch (TAC), and fishermen are restricted nationally, and by the fishing companies, to a tightly managed ration. The Lowestoft Journal (8 March 1996) reported the suspension of a local fishing skipper for not throwing back 5000 kg of sole caught in the Silver Pits. We will show that the abnormal catches were due to exceptionally cold waters.Sole in the North Sea are at the northern extremity of their range, with sole seldom living in waters below 5°C (Horwood, 1993). In fact, North Sea sole were successfully introduced into Lake Quarun, Egypt, where they lived in temperatures in excess of 30°C (El-Zarka, 1965). Young sole migrate from their shallow inshore nursery grounds, such as the Waddensea, as winter approaches (Creutzberg & Fonds, 1971).
Osmotic and hydrostatic permeability of the integument of the starfishAsterias rubensL.
Authors: Binyon J. 
Published: May 2009

The hydrostatic permeability of the aboral integument of the starfishAsterias rubensL. was found to be 5·1 ± 2·1 × 10−6cm3/cm2/s/cm H2O. A sudden increase in permeability around 5 cm water pressure was found to coincide with the bursting of the dermal branchiae.The area of protracted dermal branchiae per cm2of aboral integument has been estimated and, if only this region represents the permeable areas of the skin, the above figure may well rise to 1 × 10−5cm3/cm2/s/cm H2O.
Seasonal changes in the biochemical composition of the adult barnacle,Balanus balanoides,and the possible relationships between biochemical composition and cold-tolerance
Authors: Cook P. A. , Gabbott A. 
Published: May 2009

Seasonal changes in cold-tolerance ofBalanusbalanoidesare correlated with the seasonal changes in free glycerol level in the body parts of adult barnacles and with the degree of unsaturation (iodine number) of the body lipids. Glycerol levels and iodine values were highest in the winter when the barnacles were most cold-tolerant and lowest in the summer when they were least tolerant. There was no correlation between the seasonal changes in cold-tolerance and seasonal changes in free amino acid level or triglyceride: total lipid ratio.Under laboratory conditions barnacles kept without food at 5 °C over the summer to winter period became cold-tolerant and had high, winter levels of glycerol and high iodine values. Winter barnacles kept at shore temperatures and fedAnemianauplii until mid-summer lost their cold-tolerance and had low, summer levels of glycerol and low iodine values. In contrast, winter barnacles kept for the same period without food at 5 °C remained cold-tolerant and had high glycerol levels and high iodine values.The maximum level of free glycerol in the winter corresponded to a concentration in the body tissues of 1 ·06 mM. This is 1000—fold lower than the concentration of glycerol in the pupal haemolymph of glycerol-forming insects and is far below the level necessary to promote general supercooling of the body water. Itis suggested that the mechanism of cold-tolerance inB. balanoidesis one oftolerance to freezing, or frost resistance, rather than avoiding ice formation.Triglycerides and phospholipids are the main lipid components inB. balanoides.
Ecology and systematics of the north European species ofRissoaandPusillina(Prosobranchia: Rissoidae)
Authors: Warén Anders 
Published: May 2009

Five, possibly six, north European species are confirmed in the prosobranch generaRissoaandPusillina: R. parva(Da Costa);R. lilacinaRécluz;R. membranacea(Adams) (types A & B);P. inconspicua(Alder) andP. sarsi(Lovén).The five species differ ecologically in salinity tolerances, withR. membranaceaandP. sarsibeing the most tolerant and regularly occurring at salinities of 7–10%0, whileR. parva, R. lilacina, andP. inconspicuatolerate salinities down to 20%0(for shorter periods 15%0). There are also differences in the ability to survive occasional, short exposures to highly reduced salinity with 50% survival forR. membranaceaafter 80 h;R. lilacina, 30 h;P. sarsi, 25–30 h; and for P.inconspicuaafter 15 h exposure to freshwater at 8°C. At higher temperatures the survival is lower. There is a difference in the requirements on water circulation, withR. parvaandR. lilacinapreferring more current-swept and exposed environments.Rissoa membranaceaoccurs in two types, possibly species, with planktotrophic and lecithotrophic larval development respectively. In Scandinavia, populations with lecithotrophic development have a restricted occurrence between Sjaelland and Jylland in Denmark, but may be more common in the UK and France. Such specimens are always accompanied by the planktotrophic form, and it can not be excluded that the two forms are conspecific and this is a case of poecilogony. There is also a possibility thatP. sarsiactually constitutes a series of populations ofP. inconspicuaadapted to local, more brackish conditions by larger egg size and veligers, but the two are regarded as distinct species.
Menestho diaphana(Gastropoda) andMontacuta phascolionis(Lamellibranchia) in association with the sipunculanPhascolion strombiin British waters
Authors: Gibbs P. E. 
Published: May 2009

The sipunculanPhascolion strombi(Montagu) is well known for its habit of sheltering in empty mollusc shells. In European waters, a variety of animals are to be found associated with this sipunculan in its shelter (see Kristensen, 1970), including the pyramidellid gastropodMenestho diaphana(Jeffreys) and the erycinacean bivalveMontacuta {Tellimya) phascolionisDautzenberg & Fischer. Neither of these two species has been recorded as living in association withP. strombiin British waters but a recent examination ofP.strombi-inhabited shells in the vicinity of Plymouth has shown both to be present in the area.Like all pyramidellids,M. diaphanais an ectoparasite although for many years after its description by Jeffreys (1848, asOdostomia)from Exmouth, Devon, its host animal(s) remained unknown. It was first discovered associated withP. strombiby Perez (1924, 1925) at Roscoff, Brittany, and subsequently described by Dautzenberg & Fischer (1925) under the nameOdontostomia (Auristomia) perezi.The possibility ofO. perezibeing synonymous with the speciesdiaphana,placed in the genusMenesthoby Fretter & Graham (1962), was first suggested by Thorson (Thorson, in Robertson & Orr, 1961), a view supported by Ockelmann (Ockelmann, in Ankel & Christensen, 1963) and Kristensen (1970). Recently, Rodriguez-Babio & Thiriot-Quievreux (1974) demonstrated that the protoconchs of the' free-living' individuals (M.diaphana-type)are similar to those of individuals living withP. strombi(O.perezi-xype).In shell shape, specimens associated withP. strombiat Plymouth closely resemble the holotype ofO. diaphana,now in the collections of the Smithsonian Institution (V. Fretter, personal communication). Thus & Fischer named O. perezi without reference to it would appear that Dautzenberg O. diaphana material, or perhaps were impressed sufficiently by its regular association strombi as to regard it as a distinct species. In either case, it seems to have been now established that perezi is a synonym of diophana.
Territorial behaviour of male dragonets (Callionymus Lyra)
Authors: Wilson Douglas P. 
Published: May 2009

Citadel Hill, Plymouth (Plates I–II) The sexual display and mating of the dragonet (Callionymus lyra L.) were well described by Holt in 1898 from observations of the behaviour in a relatively small tank in the Plymouth aquarium. When in 1959 numerous dragonets werekept in a much larger tank mature males established territories within which they displayed tofemales. The more pugnacious males maintained larger territories than less pugnacious males. Maintenance was mainly by display against rivals without physical contact, but occasionally there were direct attacks in which minor damage was inflicted.In his long and detailed account of the sexual display and mating of the dragonet (Callionymus lyra L.), based on observations in the Association's aquarium at Plymouth, Holt (1898) makes no mention of males defending specific areas and states that there was 'no evidence of serious combat among mature males' (p. 312). 'Occasionally the two males meet in full splendour. Then one lowers his colours and flies ingloriously; but I have never seen anything in the shape of a fight, and have never found wounds that might have been inflicted when I was not watching' (p. 288). Holt records (p. 286) that his dragonets inhabited a tank on the south side of the aquarium and it was in that tank that breeding displays took place. He also put large males into a very much larger tank, though only to watch their reactions in the presence of large turbot (p. 295): one was eaten, others disappeared not to be seen again.
Mortalities of fauna of rocky substrates in south-west ireland associated with the occurrence of Gyrodinium aureolum blooms during autumn 1979
Authors: Cross T. F. , Southgate T. 
Published: May 2009

Dinoflagellate blooms, chiefly of Gyrodiniwn aureolum Hulburt, occurred along the south and south-west coasts of Ireland in August and September 1978 and mortalities of shore animals and of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri held in sea cages were described from Dunmanus Bay (Parker, 1980). Since May 1978 four rocky shore sites in Bantry Bay and one in Dunmanus Bay have been monitored monthly (Myers, Cross & Southgate, 1978, 1979). At each site a permanently marked transect is monitored, limpet shell lengths are measured in marked quadrats at M.H.W.N., M.T.L. and M.L.W.N. and settlement, growth and mortality of barnacle species are studied on vertical rock faces. Discoloration of the water was observed at all five monitoring sites in August 1978 but no effects on the littoral or sub-littoral fauna and flora were detected (Cross & Southgate, 1980).In 1979 a reddish-brown discoloration of the water in Bantry and Dunmanus Bays was first observed in early September. Surface water samples taken at the regular sampling sites between 5 and 10 September revealed very high densities of Gyrodinium aureolum. Slight discoloration of the water persisted at Eagle Point until October and at Glengariff Castle until early November. During this period mortalities of shore fauna were observed at four of the regular sampling sites. Highest mortalities were observed at Pointabulloge in Dunmanus Bay. When visited on 8 September many Patella spp. on the transect were either dead or, if alive, could easily be removed. An estimated 75% of Gibbula umbilicalis were lying inverted in rock crevices with partially opened opercula which they could close only slowly.
Enzyme variation inChthamalus stellatusandChthamalus montagui(Crustacea: Cirripedia): evidence for the presence ofC. montaguiin the Adriatic
Authors: Dando P. R. , Crisp A. J. 
Published: May 2009

The electrophoretic mobilities of 13 enzymes in two species ofChthamalus, C. stellatusPoli and C. montagui Southward, were compared. These species differed absolutely for eight of the enzymes and exhibited some species-specific allozymes for a further four enzymes. No evidence of hybridization was found. The observed mean heterozygosity was 0087 forC. stellatusand 0179 forC. montagui.A sample of ‘C. montagui’ from Venice differed from two samples from south-west England in external shell characters and in allozyme frequency for two enzymes. These differences are thought to be the result of a geographical cline rather than a distinct separation of subspecies.
Mucus production and its role in the feeding behaviour of Diarthrodes nobilis (Copepoda: Harpacticoida)
Authors: Hicks Geoffrey R. F. , Grahame John 
Published: May 2009

Using light microscope histology and scanning electron microscopy, the secretion, storage and discharge of copious quantities of mucus has been demonstrated in the algadwelling harpacticoid copepod Diarthrodes nobilis (Baird). The mucus is secreted by cells closely associated with large haemocoelomic reservoirs, located in the cephalothorax and urosome, which store the mucus prior to its discharge through large integumental vents (up to 38 μm in greatest dimension). A denned behavioural sequence is recognized whereby the animal utilizes discharged mucus to construct an enmeshing capsule. Late stage nauplii are also capable of capsule fabrication.The mucus bag presumably, acts as a rich and rapidly degradable substrate to marine prokaryotes and is therefore rapidly colonized; suspended organic and inorganic materials are also trapped by the mucus. Observations on gut contents and browsing activity of capsule inhabitants indicate a direct trophic dependence of D. nobilis on the bacteria and organic agglutinations that adhere to the mucus. Utilization of such nutritive materials supports a ‘mucus-trap’ hypothesis recently proposed as a feeding strategy in meiobenthic nematodes.
Patterns of spermatophore distribution in Euchaeta norvegica: a further analysis
Authors: Schweder Tore 
Published: May 2009

In a study of the breeding biology of Euchaeta norvegica (Boeck), Hopkins & Machin (1977) analysed the placement and frequency distribution of spermatophores on females. They found the number of spermatophores on sampled females to be underdispersed relative to the Poisson distribution and concluded that ‘virgin’ females are more attractive to males than females with spermatophores attached. They fitted the Greenwood & Yule (1920) model but drew no conclusions.The type of question which may be studied by fitting such a model is whether the attraction of males to ‘non-virgins’ is independent of the time since the first spermatophore was attached and also independent of the number of spermatophores already attached. This problem has been further investigated by fitting a version of the Greenwood & Yule model based on asynchronous recruitment of mature females. This version of the model is fully described in Schweder (1979); in this paper the results and biological implications are discussed.
The proboscis ciliation of the echiuran Bonellia viridis
Authors: Jaccarini V. , Schembri P. J. 
Published: May 2009

Special club-shaped cilia with an expanded tip are seen by both light and electron microscopy on the proboscis of Bonellia viridis in addition to the usual filamentous cilia. Using transmission electron microscopy the club tip is seen to consist of a distally curled axoneme enclosed within a sac-like expansion of the ciliary membrane. The axoneme may describe up to two complete loops inside the membrane sac or may occasionally follow an S-shaped course.A quantitative analysis of the distribution on the proboscis of both filamentous and club cilia is made. No discrete ciliary tracts are present. However, there is a definite pattern of ciliary density distribution. The cilia are densest on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the distal fringe of the proboscis. The dorsal fringe cilia are concerned with locomotion and the ventral cilia with food particle uptake. The club cilia are confined to the terminal lobes and neck region of the proboscis. The dorsal surface of the proboscis posterior to the fringe is virtually non-ciliated. The functional significance of the club cilia is discussed.