bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Determination of Time-Varying Climate Change Signals
Authors: Jia Liwei , DelSole Timothy 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
This paper proposes an optimal method for estimating time-dependent climate change signals from general circulation models. The basic idea is to identify vectors that maximize the mean-square detection statistic derived from optimal fingerprinting techniques. The method also provides an objective and systematic procedure for identifying the limit to which a signal can be restricted in space and time without losing detectability. As an illustration, the method is applied to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 3 multimodel dataset to determine the continental seasonal-mean anomaly in surface air temperature and precipitation that is most detectable, on average, in these models. Anomalies in seasonal-mean surface air temperature are detectable in all seasons by almost all models on all continents but Europe; seasonal-mean anomalies over Europe are undetectable for some models, though this does not preclude other expressions of the signal, such as those that include longer time averages or time-lag information, from being detectable. Detectability in seasonal-mean temperature is found not only for multidecadal warming trends but also for cooling after major volcanic eruptions. In contrast, seasonal-mean precipitation anomalies are detectable in only a few models for averages over 5 yr or more, suggesting that the signal should include more spatiotemporal detail to be detectable across more models. Nevertheless, of the precipitation anomalies that are detectable, the signal appears to be of two characters: a systematic trend and enhanced frequency of extreme values. These results derived from twentieth-century simulations appear to be consistent with previous studies based on twenty-first-century simulations with larger signal-to-noise ratios.
Assessing Satellite-Based Rainfall Estimates in Semiarid Watersheds Using the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Gauge Network and TRMM PR
Authors: Amitai Eyal , Unkrich Carl L. , Goodrich David C. , Habib Emad , Thill Bryson 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The rain gauge network associated with the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in southeastern Arizona provides a unique opportunity for direct comparisons of in situ measurements and satellite-based instantaneous rain rate estimates like those from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR). The WGEW network is the densest rain gauge network in the PR coverage area for watersheds greater than 10 km2. It consists of 88 weighing rain gauges within a 149-km2 area. On average, approximately 10 gauges can be found in each PR field of view (~5-km diameter). All gauges are very well synchronized with 1-min reporting intervals. This allows generating very-high-temporal-resolution rain rate fields and obtaining accurate estimates of the area-average rain rate for the entire watershed and for a single PR field of view. In this study, instantaneous rain rate fields from the PR and the spatially interpolated gauge measurements (on a 100 m × 100 m grid, updated every 1 min) are compared for all TRMM overpasses in which the PR recorded rain within the WGEW boundaries (25 overpasses during 1999–2010). The results indicate very good agreement between the fields with low bias values (&lt;10%) and high correlation coefficients, especially for the near-nadir cases (&gt;0.9). The correlation is high at overpass time but the peak occurs several minutes after the overpass, which can be explained by the fact that it takes several minutes for the raindrops to reach the gauge from the time they are observed by the PR. The correlation improves with the new version of the TRMM algorithm (V7). The study includes assessment of the accuracy of the reference products.
1280-MHz Active Array Radar Wind Profiler for Lower Atmosphere: System Description and Data Validation
Authors: Srinivasulu P. , Yasodha P. , Kamaraj P. , Rao T. N. , Jayaraman A. , Reddy S. N. , Satyanarayana S. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
An L-band radar wind profiler was established at National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, India (13.5°N, 79.2°E), to provide continuous high-resolution wind measurements in the lower atmosphere. This system utilizes a fully active array and passive beam-forming network. It operates at 1280 MHz with peak output power of 1.2 kW. The active array comprises a 16 × 16 array of microstrip patch antenna elements fed by dedicated solid-state transceiver modules. A 2D modified Butler beam-forming network is employed to feed the active array. The combination of active array and passive beam-forming network results in enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and simple beam steering. This system also comprises a direct intermediate frequency (IF) digital receiver and pulse compression scheme, which result in more flexibility and enhanced height coverage. The scientific objectives of this profiler are to study the atmospheric boundary layer dynamics and precipitation. Observations made by this profiler have been validated using a collocated GPS sonde. This paper presents the detailed system description, including sample observations for clear-air and precipitation cases.
Hurricane Eyewall Replacement Cycle Thermodynamics and the Relict Inner Eyewall Circulation
Authors: Sitkowski Matthew , Kossin James P. , Rozoff Christopher M. , Knaff John A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Flight-level aircraft data are used to examine inner-core thermodynamic changes during eyewall replacement cycles (ERCs) and the role of the relict inner eyewall circulation on the evolution of a hurricane during and following an ERC. Near the end of an ERC, the eye comprises two thermodynamically and kinematically distinct air masses separated by a relict wind maximum, inside of which high inertial stability restricts radial motion creating a “containment vessel” that confines the old-eye air mass. Restricted radial flow aloft also reduces subsidence within this confined region. Subsidence-induced warming is thus focused along the outer periphery of the developing post-ERC eye, which leads to a flattening of the pressure profile within the eye and a steepening of the gradient at the eyewall. This then causes a local intensification of the winds in the eyewall. The cessation of active convection and subsidence near the storm center, which has been occurring over the course of the ERC, leads to an increase in minimum pressure. The increase in minimum pressure concurrent with the increase of winds in the developing eyewall can create a highly anomalous pressure–wind relationship. When the relict inner eyewall circulation dissipates, the air masses are free to mix and subsidence can resume more uniformly over the entire eye.
Evolution of a Quasi-Linear Convective System Sampled by Phased Array Radar
Authors: Newman Jennifer F. , Heinselman Pamela L. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
On 2 April 2010, a quasi-linear convective system (QLCS) moved eastward through Oklahoma during the early morning hours. Wind damage in Rush Springs, Oklahoma, approached (enhanced Fujita) EF1-scale intensity and was likely associated with a mesovortex along the leading edge of the QLCS. The evolution of the QLCS as it produced its first bow echo was captured by the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased Array Radar (NWRT PAR) in Norman, Oklahoma. The NWRT PAR is an S-band radar with an electronically steered beam, allowing for rapid volumetric updates (~1 min) and user-defined scanning strategies. The rapid temporal updates and dense vertical sampling of the PAR created a detailed depiction of the damaging wind mechanisms associated with the QLCS. Key features sampled by the PAR include microbursts, an intensifying midlevel jet, and rotation associated with the mesovortex. In this work, PAR data are analyzed and compared to data from nearby operational radars, highlighting the advantages of using high-temporal-resolution data to monitor storm evolution.
The PAR sampled the events preceding the Rush Springs circulation in great detail. Based on PAR data, the midlevel jet in the QLCS strengthened as it approached Rush Springs, creating an area of strong midlevel convergence where it impinged on the system-relative front-to-rear flow. As this convergence extended to the lower levels of the storm, a preexisting azimuthal shear maximum increased in magnitude and vertical extent, and EF1-scale damage occurred in Rush Springs. The depiction of these events in the PAR data demonstrates the complex and rapidly changing nature of QLCSs.
Do Team and Individual Debriefs Enhance Performance? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tannenbaum Scott I. , Cerasoli Christopher P. 
Published: June 2012

Objective: Debriefs (or “after-action reviews”) are increasingly used in training and work environments as a means of learning from experience. We sought to unify a fragmented literature and assess the efficacy of debriefs with a quantitative review. Background: Used by the U.S. Army to improve performance for decades, and increasingly in medical, aviation, and other communities, debriefs systematize reflection, discussion, and goal setting to promote experiential learning. Unfortunately, research and theory on debriefing has been spread across diverse disciplines, so it has been difficult to definitively ascertain debriefing effectiveness and how to enhance its effectiveness. Method: We conducted an extensive quantitative meta-analysis across a diverse body of published and unpublished research on team- and individual-level debriefs. Results: Findings from 46 samples ( N = 2,136) indicate that on average, debriefs improve effectiveness over a control group by approximately 25% ( d = .67). Average effect sizes were similar for teams and individuals, across simulated and real settings, for within- or between-group control designs, and for medical and nonmedical samples. Meta-analytic methods revealed a bolstering effect of alignment and the potential impact of facilitation and structure. Conclusion: Organizations can improve individual and team performance by approximately 20% to 25% by using properly conducted debriefs. Application: Debriefs are a relatively inexpensive and quick intervention for enhancing performance. Our results lend support for continued and expanded use of debriefing in training and in situ. To gain maximum results, it is important to ensure alignment between participants, focus and intent, and level of measurement.
Effect of organic modification on the intercalation and the properties of poly(phenylene oxide)/polystyrene blend-clay nanocomposites
Authors: Tiwari Rajkiran R , Natarajan Upendra 
Published: June 2012

Nanocomposites prepared by the dispersion of unmodified and organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) clay into poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide)/polystyrene miscible blend in the range of 2–10 wt% clay were investigated by wide-angle x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and tensile mechanical tests. The systems based on unmodified sodium MMT (Na+MMT) as well as Cloisite 20A, Cloisite 30B and Cloisite 10A organically modified clays showed polymer intercalation. The glass transition temperature ( Tg) value was not affected by the volume fraction of clay and chemical nature of the organoclay. The thermal degradation stability of nanocomposites is found to be only slightly better than that of the blend matrix. A percolation threshold of around 4 wt% organoclay loading is observed. An improvement of 35% relative to unfilled polymer blend matrix is observed for the modulus, for Cloisite 20A nanocomposite containing 2 wt% organoclay. The observed modulus improvement with significant retention of elongational tensile strength and tensile ductility in case of unmodified Na-MMT and Cloisite 30B nanocomposites appears promising. The modulus prediction using Halpin-Tsai model is found to be closer to the experimental data when MMT volume fraction rather than the organoclay volume fraction is used.
Dual actions of Meis1 inhibit erythroid progenitor development and sustain general hematopoietic cell proliferation
Authors: Cai Mi , Langer Ellen M. , Gill Jennifer G. , Satpathy Ansuman T. , Albring Jörn C. , KC Wumesh , Murphy Theresa L. , Murphy Kenneth M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMyeloid ecotropic viral integration site 1 (Meis1) forms a heterodimer with Pbx1 that augments Hox-dependent gene expression and is associated with leukemogenesis and HSC self-renewal. Here we identified 2 independent actions of Meis1 in hematopoietic development: one regulating cellular proliferation and the other involved in megakaryocyte lineage development. First, we found that endogenous Mesp1 indirectly induces Meis1 and Meis2 in endothelial cells derived from embryonic stem cells. Overexpression of Meis1 and Meis2 greatly enhanced the formation of hematopoietic colonies from embryonic stem cells, with the exception of erythroid colonies, by maintaining hematopoietic progenitor cells in a state of proliferation. Second, overexpression of Meis1 repressed the development of early erythroid progenitors, acting in vivo at the megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor stage to skew development away from erythroid generation and toward megakaryocyte development. This previously unrecognized action of Meis1 may explain the embryonic lethality observed in Meis1−/− mice that arises from failure of lymphatic-venous separation and can result as a consequence of defective platelet generation. These results show that Meis1 exerts 2 independent functions, with its role in proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors acting earlier in development from its influence on the fate choice at the megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor between megakaryocytic and erythroid development.
A phase 1/2 study of carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone as a frontline treatment for multiple myeloma
Authors: Jakubowiak Andrzej J. , Dytfeld Dominik , Griffith Kent A. , Lebovic Daniel , Vesole David H. , Jagannath Sundar , Al-Zoubi Ammar , Anderson Tara , Nordgren Brian , Detweiler-Short Kristen , Stockerl-Goldstein Keith , Ahmed Asra , Jobkar Terri , Durecki Diane E. , McDonnell Kathryn , Mietzel Melissa , Couriel Daniel , Kaminski Mark , Vij Ravi 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
This phase 1/2 study in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (N = 53) assessed CRd—carfilzomib (20, 27, or 36 mg/m2, days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16 and 1, 2, 15, 16 after cycle 8), lenalidomide (25 mg/d, days 1-21), and weekly dexamethasone (40/20 mg cycles 1-4/5+)—in 28-day cycles. After cycle 4, transplantation-eligible candidates underwent stem cell collection (SCC) then continued CRd with the option of transplantation. The maximum planned dose level (carfilzomib 36 mg/m2) was expanded in phase 2 (n = 36). Thirty-five patients underwent SCC, 7 proceeded to transplantation, and the remainder resumed CRd. Grade 3/4 toxicities included hypophosphatemia (25%), hyperglycemia (23%), anemia (21%), thrombocytopenia (17%), and neutropenia (17%); peripheral neuropathy was limited to grade 1/2 (23%). Most patients did not require dose modifications. After a median of 12 cycles (range, 1-25), 62% (N = 53) achieved at least near-complete response (CR) and 42% stringent CR. Responses were rapid and improved during treatment. In 36 patients completing 8 or more cycles, 78% reached at least near CR and 61% stringent CR. With median follow-up of 13 months (range, 4-25 months), 24-month progression-free survival estimate was 92%. CRd was well tolerated with exceptional response rates. This study is registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01029054.
Hyers-Ulam stability of derivations on proper Jordan CQ*-algebras
Authors: Park Choonkil , Eskandani Golamreza Zamani , Vaezi Hamid , Shin Dong Yun 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Eskandani and Vaezi proved the Hyers-Ulam stability of derivations on proper Jordan CQ*-algebras associated with the following Pexiderized Jensen type functional equation

k
f

x
+
y

k

=

f

0

(

x

)

+

f

1

(

y

)

by using direct method. Using fixed point method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of derivations on proper Jordan CQ*-algebras. Moreover, we investigate the Pexiderized Jensen type functional inequality in proper Jordan CQ*-algebras.

Mathematics Subject Classification 2010: Primary, 17B40; 39B52; 47N50; 47L60; 46B03; 47H10.
Effect of hCG priming on embryonic development of immature oocytes collected from unstimulated women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Zheng Xiaoying , Wang Lina , Zhen Xiumei , Lian Ying , Liu Ping , Qiao Jie 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Backgroud
The effect of hCG priming on oocyte maturation and subsequently outcome in IVM cycles has remained a debated issue. A randomized controlled study was performed to investigate whether or not hCG priming prior to oocyte aspiration can improve the developmental competence of immature oocytes from unstimulated ovaries in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Methods
Eighty two patients with PCOS underwent IVM cycles. Each patient was randomly assigned to the hCG-primed (10,000 IU) or non-primed groups 36–38 hours before oocyte retrieval depending on the computerized random table. After the oocytes had in vitro matured, fertilization, culture and embryo transfer were performed.

Results
The average number of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) recovered was 13.80 and 14.35 in the hCG-primed and non-primed groups, respectively (p > 0.05). The maturation rate of COCs was significantly improved in the hCG-primed group (55.43% vs. 42.29%; p < 0.05). The fertilization and cleavage rates were comparable between the groups. The hCG-primed and non-primed groups did not differ with respect to the clinical pregnancy (37.50% vs. 50.00%), live birth (22.50% vs. 30.95%), and implantation rates (32.86% vs. 32.56%). The pregnancy losses was 6 (40.00%) of 15 clinical pregnancies in the hCG-primed group, and 8 (38.10%) of 21 clinical pregnancies in the non-primed group.

Conclusions
While a significant improvement in the nuclear maturation rate of immature oocytes was observed in hCG-primed IVM cycles with PCOS patients, the use of hCG prior to oocyte retrieval did not improve the subsequent embryo developmental competence. The high rate of pregnancy loss in IVM cycles should receive more attention.
Anti-herpes virus activities of bioactive fraction and isolated pure constituent of Mallotus peltatus: an ethnomedicine from Andaman Islands
Authors: Bag Paromita , Chattopadhyay Debprasad , Mukherjee Hemanta , Ojha Durbadal , Mandal Nilanjan , Sarkar Mamta Chawla , Chatterjee Tapan , Das Gobardhan , Chakraborti Sekhar 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
Viral infections, particularly the infections caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV), represent one of the most serious public health concerns globally because of their devastating impact. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiviral potential of methanolic crude extract of an ethnomedicine Mallotus peltatus, its active fraction and pure compound, against HSV-1 F and HSV-2 G.

Result
The cytotoxicity (CC50, the concentration of 50% cellular toxicity), antiviral effective concentration (EC50, the concentration required to achieve 50% protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect), plaque reduction and the selectivity index (SI, the ratio of CC50 and EC50) was determined. Results showed that the crude methanolic extract of M. peltatus possessed weak anti-HSV activity. In contrast, the active fraction A and isolated ursolic acid from fraction A exhibited potent antiherpesvirus activity against both HSV-1 (EC50 = 7.8 and 5.5 μg/ml; SI = 22.3 and 20) and HSV-2 (EC50 = 8.2 and 5.8 μg/ml, and SI = 21.2 and 18.97). The fraction A and isolated ursolic acid (10 μg/ml) inhibited plaque formation of HSV-1 and HSV-2 at more than 80% levels, with a dose dependent antiviral activity, compared to acyclovir. The time response study revealed that the anti-HSV activity of fraction A and isolated ursolic acid is highest at 2–5 h post-infection. Moreover, the time kinetics study by indirect immunofluorescence assay showed a characteristic pattern of small foci of single fluorescent cells in fraction A- treated virus infected cells at 2 h and 4 h post-infection, suggesting drug inhibited viral dissemination. Further, the PCR study with infected cell cultures treated with fraction A and isolated ursolic acid at various time intervals, failed to show amplification at 48–72 h, like acyclovir treated HSV-infected cells. Moreover, fraction A or isolated ursolic acid showed no interaction in combination with acyclovir.

Conclusion
This study revealed that bioactive fraction A and isolated ursolic acid of M. peltatus has good anti-HSV activity, probably by inhibiting the early stage of multiplication (post-infection of 0–5 h), with SI value of 20, suggesting its potential use as anti-HSV agents.
Nutritional treatment of aged individuals with Alzheimer disease living at home with their spouses: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jyvakorpi Satu K , Puranen Taija , Pitkala Kaisu H , Suominen Merja H 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
Nutritional status often deteriorates in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Less is known about whether nutritional care reverses malnutrition and its harmful consequences in AD. The aim of this study is to examine whether individualized nutritional care has an effect on weight, nutrition, health, physical functioning, and quality of life in older individuals with AD and their spouses living at home.

Methods
AD patients and their spouses (aged >65 years) living at home (n = 202, 102 AD patients) were recruited using central AD registers in Finland. The couples were randomized into intervention and control groups. A trained nutritionist visited intervention couples 4–8 times at their homes and the couples received tailored nutritional care. When necessary, the couples were given protein and nutrient-enriched complementary drinks. All intervention couples were advised to take vitamin D 20 μg/day. The intervention lasted for one year. The couples of the control group received a written guide on nutrition of older people. Participants in the intervention group were assessed every three months. The primary outcome measure is weight change. Secondary measures are the intake of energy, protein, and other nutrients, nutritional status, cognition, caregiver’s burden, depression, health related quality of life and grip strength.

Discussion
This study provides data on whether tailored nutritional care is beneficial to home-dwelling AD patients and their spouses.

Trial registration
ACTRN 12611000018910