bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barnacle bonding: Morphology of attachment of Xenobalanus globicipitis to its host Tursiops truncatus
Authors: Pugliese Mark C. , Böttger Stefanie Anne , Fish Frank E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractXenobalanus globicipitis, a unique type of small pseudo‐stalked barnacle occurs on the appendages of cetaceans, including the common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus. In this study, we examined attachment structures of X. globicipitis and modifications to the skin of T. truncatus in areas of attachment compared to skin nearby an attachment site. Barnacles and their six calcareous footplates were measured for their length and width. There was a positive correlation of barnacle width and length to footplate width and length. The thickness of the stratum corneum increased significantly in areas of attachment compared to skin nearby a footplate. The mitotic stratum germinativum at the base of the dermal papillae did not change significantly in areas of attachment compared to skin nearby a footplate. The stratum germinativum lining the lateral walls of the dermal papillae was significantly thicker in areas of skin nearby a footplate compared to in areas of attachment. Skin of T. truncatus nearby a footplate, displayed dermal papillae extending from the dermis and pointing roughly perpendicular to the epidermal stratum corneum. At sites of X. globicipitis attachment, the dermal papillae were forced to extend laterally, parallel to the stratum corneum, and the dermal papillae length to width ratio at an attachment site was significantly higher than on skin near an attachment site. Our results show that attachment of X. globicipitis through production of footplates organized into calcareous rings, leads to a thickened stratum corneum of the epidermis, a thinner lateral mitotic stratum germinativum and displaced structures of the upper dermis. These resulting modifications to the epidermis and dermis of the host may add to securing barnacle attachment to its host. J. Morphol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry‐based metabolomic to screen for anabolic practices in cattle: identification of 5α‐androst‐2‐en‐17‐one as new biomarker of 4‐androstenedione misuse
Authors: Anizan Sebastien , Bichon Emmanuelle , Duval Thibault , Monteau Fabrice , Cesbron Nora , Antignac Jean‐Philippe , Le Bizec Bruno 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe use of anabolic steroids as growth promoters for meat‐producing animals is banned within the European Union. However, screening for the illegal use of natural steroid hormones still represents a difficult challenge because of the high interindividual and physiological variability of the endogenous concentration levels in animals. In this context, the development of untargeted profiling approaches for identifying new relevant biomarkers of exposure and/or effect has been emerging for a couple of years. The present study deals with an untargeted metabolomics approach on the basis of GC‐MS aiming to reveal potential biomarkers signing a fraudulent administration of 4‐androstenedione (AED), an anabolic androgenic steroid chosen as template. After a sample preparation based on microextraction by packed sorbent, urinary profiles of the free and deglucurono‐conjugates urinary metabolites were acquired by GC‐MS in the full‐scan acquisition mode. Data processing and chemometric procedures highlighted 125 ions, allowing discrimination between samples collected before and after an administration of 4‐AED. After a first evaluation of the signal robustness using additional and independent non‐compliant samples, 17 steroid‐like metabolites were pointed out as relevant candidate biomarkers. All these metabolites were then monitored using a targeted GC‐MS/MS method for an additional assessment of their capacity to be used as biomarkers. Finally, two steroids, namely 5α‐androstane‐3β,17α‐diol and 5α‐androst‐2‐en‐17‐one, were concluded to be compatible with such a definition and which could be finally usable for screening purpose of AED abuse in cattle. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Participation and conflict in the decision‐making process for endoscopic resection or surgical gastrectomy for early gastric cancer
Authors: Lee Hyuk , Lee Yong Chan , Shin Suji , Park Jun Chul , Shin Sung Kwan , Lee Sang Kil , Noh Sung Hoon 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study was to evaluate the participation role and conflict of patients during the decision‐making process for endoscopic or surgical treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC).MethodsIn this prospective observational study, the sequential survey for patients under consideration for treatment of differentiated EGC was performed at the tertiary referral center.ResultsAmong the 82 responders, 63.4% preferred endoscopic resection. The total decisional conflict scores were high and significantly different between groups that preferred endoscopic resection or surgical treatment (44.8 vs. 51.6, P = 0.016). Values assigned to the two treatment attributes “preservation of stomach (OR = 0.51)” and “bother in case of incomplete resection (OR = 2.13)” clearly discriminated between patients reaching a final decision of surgical gastrectomy or endoscopic resection. Regarding the participation role, a shared role was more frequent in the group with preference for endoscopic treatment before consultation (42.3% vs. 24.0%, P = 0.045). However, at the time of therapeutic decision, the passive role was most remarkable, both for the endoscopic (53.2%) and surgical (71.4%) groups.ConclusionDespite the high overall decisional conflict, patients with preference for endoscopic treatment tended to be more autonomous. After consultation, all patients exhibited a passive participation role in the decision‐making process. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:101–106. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel micro‐extraction by packed sorbent procedure for the liquid chromatographic analysis of antiepileptic drugs in human plasma and urine
Authors: Rani Susheela , Malik Ashok K. , Singh Baldev 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA method for the simultaneous determination of the antiepileptic drugs, phenobarbital (PHB), phenytoin (PTN), carbamazepine (CBZ), primidone (PRM) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) in human plasma and urine samples by using micro‐extraction in a packed syringe as the sample preparation method connected with LC/UV (MEPS/LC/UV) is described. Micro‐extraction in a packed syringe (MEPS) is a new miniaturized, solid‐phase extraction technique that can be connected online to gas or liquid chromatography without any modifications. In MEPS approximately 1 mg of the solid packing material is inserted into a syringe (100–250 μL) as a plug. Sample preparation takes place on the packed bed. The bed can be coated to provide selective and suitable sampling conditions. The new method is very promising, easy to use, fully automated, inexpensive and quick. The standard curves were obtained within the concentration range 1–500 ng/mL in both plasma and urine samples. The results showed high correlation coefficients (R2>0.988) for all of the analytes within the calibration range. The extraction recovery was found to be between 88.56 and 99.38%. The limit of quantification was found to be between 0.132 and 1.956 ng/mL. The precision (RSD) values of quality control samples (QC) had a maximum deviation of 4.9%. A comparison of the detection limits with similar methods indicates high sensitivity of the present method. The method is applied for the analysis of these drugs in real urine and plasma samples of epileptic patients.
Survival and population persistence in the critically endangered Tuamotu kingfisher
Authors: Kesler Dylan C. , Laws Rebecca J. , Cox Allison S. , Gouni Anne , Stafford Joshua D. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA wide range of threats affect populations of Pacific island birds and conservationists have been challenged to identify factors upon which to focus management. The Tuamotu kingfisher (Todiramphus gambieri) is one of the most endangered vertebrate species in the world, yet little has been published about basic biology or causes of the population decline. We used 4 years of mark‐resight and territory resource information to model survival in juvenile and adult Tuamotu kingfishers. Annual survival of adult males (ϕ = 0.77) was similar to congeneric species, whereas survival of adult females (ϕ = 0.40) and juveniles (ϕ = 0.12) was much lower. The best‐supported survival model indicated adult female survival was positively related to territory size, whereas adult male survival was negatively related to atoll forest within territories. We used parameter estimates from survival models in a life‐stage simulation analysis to evaluate the relative influence of vital rates and territory habitats on population processes. Results indicated that adult female and juvenile survival had the greatest impact on Tuamotu kingfisher populations, accounting for 58% and 32% of variation in the finite rate of population increase, respectively. Nocturnal predation by rats (Rattus spp.) on incubating kingfishers may explain the lower survival of females than males, whereas juvenile birds may be especially vulnerable to predation by cats (Felis catus). Thus, conservation management for Tuamotu kingfishers should include use of metal guards on cavity trees to protect nests and incubating females, and control predator access during fledging periods. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Contemporary Review: Impact of primary neopharyngoplasty on acoustic characteristics of alaryngeal tracheoesophageal voice
Authors: Albirmawy Osama A. , Elsheikh Mohamed N. , Silver Carl E. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe physiology of the vibratory mechanism in alaryngeal tracheoesophageal speech depends on several factors. The structure and resulting function of the neoglottis (or neopharynx) varies from patient to patient depending on the individual details of the surgical procedure performed, as well as the patient's anatomy. In general, the vibratory segment is a blending of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles, cricopharyngeus, and upper circular fibers of the esophagus. Limited ability to visualize dynamically these three‐dimensional structures during rapid events of voice and speech production impedes complete understanding of the vibratory function of the neopharynx. Acoustic studies have elucidated some general characteristics of the pharyngoesophagus and neoglottic vibratory mechanism in the laryngectomized population. A critical degree of tonicity is necessary for apposition of mucosal surfaces in the production of tracheoesophageal voice. Deficiencies in the vibratory segment can usually be managed with various surgical procedures (neopharyngoplasty), resulting in reduced intraesophageal pressure and corresponding increase in fluent, intelligible, effortless speech. The acoustic measures, when correlated with neopharyngoplasty variables, produce many significant associations. Some of them are paramount and deserve further attention.
Sheaves of slice regular functions
Authors: Colombo Fabrizio , Sabadini Irene , Struppa Daniele C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSlice regular functions have been introduced in 20 as solutions of a special partial differential operator with variable coefficients. As such they do not naturally form a sheaf. In this paper we use a modified definition of slice regularity, see 21, to introduce the sheaf of slice regular functions with values in in the algebra of quaternions and, more in general, in a Clifford algebra and we study its cohomological properties. We show that the first cohomology group with coefficients in the sheaf of slice regular functions vanishes for any open set in the space of quaternions (resp. the space of paravectors in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {R}^{n+1}$\end{document}). However, we prove that not all the open sets are domains of slice regularity but only those special sets which are axially symmetric, i.e., invariant with respect to rotations that fix the real axis.
Microwave‐Assisted Hydrogel Synthesis: A New Method for Crosslinking Polymers in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Cook Joseph P. , Goodall Glenn W. , Khutoryanskaya Olga V. , Khutoryanskiy Vitaliy V. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIt has been found that hydrogels may be formed by microwave irradiation of aqueous solutions containing appropriate combinations of polymers. This new method of hydrogel synthesis yields sterile hydrogels without the use of monomers, eliminating the need for the removal of unreacted species from the final product. Results for two particularly successful combinations, poly(vinyl alcohol) with either poly(acrylic acid) or poly(methylvinylether‐alt‐maleic anhydride), are presented. Irradiation using temperatures of 100–150 °C was found to yield hydrogels with large equilibrium swelling degrees of 500–1000 g g−1. Material leached from both types of hydrogel shows little cytotoxicity towards HT29 cells.
Creep, phase transformations and transformation‐induced plasticity of 100Cr6 steel during heating
Authors: Bökenheide S. , Wolff M. , Dalgiç M. , Lammers D. , Linke T. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis work focuses on phenomena arising during the heating process at the beginning of steel heat treatment. It has been prepared within the Collaborative Research Centre SFB 570 ‘Distortion Engineering’ at the University of Bremen. In order to predict the distortion of steel components during heat treatment, a detailed knowledge of the arising phenomena is crucial. There can arise creep due to the underlying high temperatures as well as transformation‐induced plasticity (TRIP) during the austenitisation. This contribution focuses on the modelling of creep, phase transformations and TRIP of 100Cr6 (SAE 52100) steel during heating and austenitisation. The proposed model approaches are verified on the basis of experimental data stemming from uniaxial experiments. We provide material laws of the considered phenomena as well as the evaluation of experimental data. The simultaneous occurrence of creep and TRIP represents a special challenge in the analysis of experimental data as well as in the verification of model approaches.
Least‐squares solutions and least‐rank solutions of the matrix equation AXA* = B and their relations
Authors: Tian Yongge 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYA Hermitian matrix X is called a least‐squares solution of the inconsistent matrix equation AXA* = B, where B is Hermitian. A* denotes the conjugate transpose of A if it minimizes the F‐norm of B − AXA*; it is called a least‐rank solution of AXA* = B if it minimizes the rank of B − AXA*. In this paper, we study these two types of solutions by using generalized inverses of matrices and some matrix decompositions. In particular, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the two types of solutions to coincide. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss of membrane‐bound serine protease inhibitor HAI‐1 induces oral squamous cell carcinoma cells' invasiveness
Authors: Baba Takashi , Kawaguchi Makiko , Fukushima Tsuyoshi , Sato Yuko , Orikawa Hiroshi , Yorita Kenji , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Lin Chen‐Yong , Sakoda Sumio , Kataoka Hiroaki 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA loss of balance between cell membrane‐associated proteases and their inhibitors may underlie cancer invasion and metastasis. We analysed the roles of a membrane‐ associated serine protease inhibitor, HAI‐1, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). While membranous HAI‐1 was widely observed in cancer cells of human OSCC tissues, this was significantly reduced at the infiltrative invasion front. In vitro, HAI‐1 was detected in all eight OSCC cell lines examined, in which its cognate membrane protease, matriptase was also expressed. HAI‐1 expression knock‐down (KD) in OSCC lines, SAS and HSC‐3, reduced the growth of both lines in vitro but significantly enhanced SAS tumourigenicity in vivo, which was accompanied by histological changes suggestive of the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Both HAI‐1‐KD lines also exhibited significantly enhanced migratory capability, and membrane‐associated but not truncated HAI‐1 was required to rescue this phenotype. Other OSCC lines (HSC‐2, Sa3, Ca9‐22) also showed enhanced migration in response to HAI‐1 KD. The enhanced migration is partly attributed to dysregulation of matriptase, as simultaneous matriptase KD alleviated the migration of HAI‐1‐KD cells. HAI‐1 deficiency also altered the expression of CD24, S100A4, CCND2 and DUSP6, all of which are involved in tumour progression. While matriptase was involved in the increased CD24 expression associated with HAI‐1 deficiency, the protease appeared to be not responsible for the altered expression of other genes. Therefore, a matriptase‐independent mechanism for the invasiveness associated with HAI‐1 KD is also present. Together, these observations suggest that HAI‐1 has a crucial suppressive role in OSCC cell invasiveness. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When should case‐only designs be used for safety monitoring of medical products?
Authors: Maclure Malcolm , Fireman Bruce , Nelson Jennifer C. , Hua Wei , Shoaibi Azadeh , Paredes Antonio , Madigan David 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeTo assess case‐only designs for surveillance with administrative databases.MethodsWe reviewed literature on two designs that are observational analogs to crossover experiments: the self‐controlled case series (SCCS) and the case‐crossover (CCO) design.ResultsSCCS views the ‘experiment’ prospectively, comparing outcome risks in windows with different exposures. CCO retrospectively compares exposure frequencies in case and control windows. The main strength of case‐only designs is they entail self‐controlled analyses that eliminate confounding and selection bias by time‐invariant characteristics not recorded in healthcare databases. They also protect privacy and are computationally efficient, as they require fewer subjects and variables. They are better than cohort designs for investigating transient effects of accurately recorded preventive agents, for example, vaccines. They are problematic if timing of self‐administration is sporadic and dissociated from dispensing times, for example, analgesics. They tend to have less exposure misclassification bias and time‐varying confounding if exposures are brief. Standard SCCS designs are bidirectional (using time both before and after the first exposure event), so they are more susceptible than CCOs to reverse‐causality bias, including immortal‐time bias. This is true also for sequence symmetry analysis, a simplified SCCS. Unidirectional CCOs use only time before the outcome, so they are less affected by reverse causality but susceptible to exposure‐trend bias. Modifications of SCCS and CCO partially deal with these biases. The head‐to‐head comparison of multiple products helps to control residual biases.ConclusionThe case‐only analyses of intermittent users complement the cohort analyses of prolonged users because their different biases compensate for one another. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systematic review of validated methods for identifying infection related to blood products, tissue grafts, or organ transplants using administrative data
Authors: Carnahan Ryan M. , Moores Kevin G. , Perencevich Eli N. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeTo systematically review algorithms to identify infections related to blood products, tissue grafts, or organ transplants in administrative and claims data, focusing on studies that have examined the validity of the algorithms.MethodsA literature search was conducted using PubMed and the database of the Iowa Drug Information Service. Reviews were conducted by two investigators to identify studies using data sources from the USA or Canada because these data sources were most likely to reflect the coding practices of Mini‐Sentinel data sources.ResultsSearches identified one study that examined the validity of an algorithm to identify aspergillosis in transplant recipients and 16 studies that used nonvalidated algorithms to identify infections in recipients of blood products, tissue grafts, or organ transplants. Transfusion was studied as a risk factor for infection, but no studies attempted to identify infection transmitted by any of the exposures under review. Two studies reported sensitivity ranging from 21% to 83% and specificity of 100% of codes to identify allogeneic blood transfusion. No validation studies of algorithms to identify tissue grafts or organ transplant were identified.ConclusionsThere is little evidence to support the validity of algorithms to identify infections related to blood products, tissue grafts, or organ transplants in administrative data or algorithms to identify the exposures. Although it may be possible to validate algorithms to identify the exposures and infectious outcomes, the use of administrative data to identify infections transmitted by these exposures may be challenging. Codes indicating infections acquired through medical care may be useful. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Saponins show high entomotoxicity by cell membrane permeation in Lepidoptera
Authors: De Geyter Ellen , Swevers Luc , Caccia Silvia , Geelen Danny , Smagghe Guy 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: In this study, the effects of three saponins and one sapogenin with a triterpenoid or steroid structure in two lepidopteran insect cell lines, ovarian Bm5 and midgut CF‐203 cells, were analysed with regard to cell viability, cell membrane permeation, EcR responsiveness and DNA fragmentation. In addition, the entomotoxic action of Q. saponaria saponin with primary midgut cell cultures and larval stages of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis was tested.RESULTS: Both lepidopteran cell lines show a high sensitivity to all four sapo(ge)nins, with a concentration‐dependent viability loss and EC50 values of 25–100 µM in MTT bioassays. A trypan blue assay with Q. saponaria saponin confirmed rapid cell membrane permeation to be a cause of cytotoxicity. Saponins caused no EcR activation in Bm5 cells, but a loss of ecdysteroid signalling was observed with IC50 values of 5–10 µM. Lower saponin concentrations induced DNA fragmentation, confirming their potential to induce apoptosis. Finally, Q. saponaria saponin caused cytotoxicity in primary midgut cell cultures of S. littoralis (EC50 = 4.7 µM) and killed 70–84% of S. littoralis larvae at pupation at 30‐70 mg g−1, while lower concentrations retarded larval weight gain and development.CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained provide evidence that saponins exert a strong activity on lepidopteran cells, presumably based on a cytotoxic action due to permeation of the cell membrane. Primary midgut cell cultures and larvae of S. littoralis showed high sensitivity to Q. saponaria saponin, indicating the insect midgut as a primary target for entomotoxicity and the potential use of saponins in the control of pest Lepidoptera. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry