bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Make a Line Organisation in a Brown Field Live HSEQ
Authors: Peball Ulrich , Simion Ana Maria 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
An international Oil and Gas Company took over a state owned Romanian oil company in 2005 with about 22.000 employees, operating in more than 300 fields all over the country with significant offshore operations in the black Sea. The Original Company had been in operation for 150 years with 50 years under communist management and had become available for buy out after several restructuring efforts by the state.
It was understood from the due diligence process that the HSE performance of the Company was far from that normally expected by modern international standards and that the technical infrastructure as well as the attitude of the workforce towards HSE needed significant improvement.
In the early years after take over the focus was very much on inventorying the existing infrastructure and an assessment of technical safety conditions. The HSE organization was expanded, re-structured and the people trained in modern HSE practices and techniques. A lot of energy was spent in easy, quick wins, such as housekeeping campaigns, fixing the most obvious and unacceptable hazards and endowing the workforce with PPE that conformed to EU Standards.
3 Years after the take over the Management focus of the organization was changed from just production towards production, cost and HSE performance. This has been achieved by change in the Management and training the Managers in HSE understanding and skills such as HSE leadership aspects.
The introduction of annual HSE objectives combined with a Balanced Score Card which the company tied to personal performance bonuses as well as benchmarking the performance at all operational levels helped significantly in the implementation of strategic objectives defined by the new Parent Companies headquarters mantra of; "what gets measured get done".
The results of these initiatives can be seen in the in lost time injury rates which dropped from 1,1 to 0,19 (per million work hours) and also in the level of proactive involvement of the whole workforce through hazard and near miss reports which increased from 35 in 2006 to 25.000 per year in 2009.
Riser Displacement Cleaning Tool Helps Efficiently Displace Drilling Fluid from Marine Riser on Semi-Submersibles During Disconnects
Authors: Herigstad Thor-Petter , Whyte Iain , Kleppa Erling , Aas Nina 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Periodically on semi-submersibles, it is required to perform planned and occasionally unplanned disconnects of the marine riser from the subsea BOP stack. The reasons are diverse but always result in a change out of fluids in the riser. Typical circumstances for riser disconnects are: preparation for upcoming bad weather situations, changing from drilling to completion riser and the termination of operations on an exploration well.
Should the fluid in the riser happen to be of an environmentally unfriendly nature at the time of disconnect, this fluid must first be displaced to some benign fluid type (e.g. seawater). In the typical displacement, contamination of fluid in the marine riser occurs which generates significant volumes of interface waste or "slop". This might result in a volume of emulsified fluid being created when oil-based drilling fluid or "mud" (OBM) mixes with seawater for example. Since this displacement process often leads to undesirable mixing of two fluids, several prevention methods are often attempted, e.g. the use of viscous pills or similar as a "barrier". Despite these measures, undesirable mixing issues still persist due to the large inside diameter (ID) of the riser compared to the wellbore below. This means that fluid velocities in the riser during a typical displacement are drastically reduced which in turn reduces the effects of the barrier pills. The interfaces between the different fluids have been recorded as being in the region of 30-60 m3 (188-377 bbl) when the rig to sea bed distance is ±350 m (±1,148 ft). The problem is obviously exacerbated significantly as water and hence riser depths increase.
Another issue with riser disconnect is mud residue adhering to riser walls. Should these residues contain hydrocarbons or other environmentally unfriendly substances, the potential exists for discharge to the sea while the riser is open-ended in the water while the rig awaits better weather. In many cases, upon recovery, the riser needs to be cleaned on the rig deck prior to the next operation.
Riser disconnect can become a costly operation when logistics, planning and slop volume treatment/disposal are all taken into account.
Building Safety Culture in a Multi-Cultural and De-Centralised Context: An Innovative Approach to Change
Authors: Matkin Darren B. , Scotti Davide 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
To break through the safety performance plateau the necessity of safety leadership was recognised in achieving an injury-free workplace, and establishing a solid culture of safety throughout worksites globally.
After one year of research and development, an innovative safety leadership program and dissemination strategy was initiated, which has already seen the participation of 4000 senior leaders through business units worldwide.
This paper describes the program, why it was developed and how it is deployed. It will be of great interest to all management levels aiming for zero-accidents whilst operating in multi-cultural and de-centralised contexts, developing an innovative approach to embedding a culture focused on safety within their areas, using an emotional rather than a technical approach.
This is a strong challenge for a company that is truly multicultural, employing over 35,000 people, over 110 different nationalities, spread through every continent of the globe. The strategy was built around 3 distinct phases:
Phase1 The attendance and engagement of all management levels in a 1.5 day Leadership in Safety (LiS) Workshop driven by the CEO, delivering strong messages to management teams, and introducing them to LiS concepts.
Phase 2 Management personally driving and cascading LiS messages to their entire local workforce within a 1 hour influential event.
Phase 3 Normalising effective interventions in the organisation, with the ambitious target to involve every employee in the companies self developed, 4 hour Safety Intervention course.
The paper concludes the need to develop within leaders, a deep sensitivity toward intrinsic values in order to drive safety performance. Developing an ‘emotional intelligence’ toward safety within a leader is key to defining future actions and judgements, prioritising safety and the care for human life above productivity in every day decisions. This moral focus and sensitivity to intrinsic values is what defines a safety leader.
Strong focus is required toward an approach which gains the emotional commitment of leaders. The philosophy is to ‘touch the mind, and hit the heart’.
A Structured Approach to Process Safety Management
Authors: Petrone Annamaria , Scataglini Luciano , Fabio Francesco 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
During the whole Project Life Cycle of an Oil or Gas plant, Risk Management for protection of environment and communities and prevention of major hazards along with Asset Management are the key drivers for making the project compliant with Health & Safety Regulations and Environmental issues and at the same time profitable economic and able to preserve asset value
Improving the level of operational and process safety has become in the Oil and gas industry a crucial and challenging issue in a SHE perspective.
Process safety can be placed at the intersection of these independent but interrelated aspects and can be regarded as the key element for performing an integrated and comprehensive analysis capable to maximize plant effectiveness ensuring the best safety level, minimizing risks to safety and security and limiting at the same time downtime due to operational disruption or interruption, thus achieving consistency throughout the whole project life cycle.
Therefore an effective process safety management demands a holistic and systematic approach for improving operational and process safety throughout the whole project life cycle from design and construction, through operation and maintenance, to decommissioning.
In light of the above considerations a tool for process safety management has been elaborated and is hereafter described.
It proposes from the very early stages of a project a structured multidisciplinary procedure which combines, in an iterative loop, different discipline such as Quantitative Risk Assessment, asset integrity, RAM issues and costs evaluation.
All these disciplines equally concur to define the optimum plant configuration and a scenario that takes into account cost benefit evaluations, system reliability and process up-time (availability), and an effective integration of maintenance requirements to achieve an optimal overall system performance (maintainability) in compliance with Safety requirements.
The tool, which should facilitate the decision making process and process safety management for any incoming new job, is named index ISAAC (index for safety Availability and cost) and proposes to assess plant equipment criticality against the following parameters: –Safety: Ri, IRPA of a specific category of workers)–Unavailability: Production Unavailability, Costs due to loss of production–Costs: cost of corrective maintenance and cost of preventive maintenance–Frequency: Job plan frequency.
The index constitutes the basis to produce both global and partial ranking where criticality thresholds are defined via Pareto analysis.
Are Your Chemical Products Green?—A Chemical Hazard Scoring System
Authors: Sanders Johnny , Tuck Denise , Sherman Robert 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Oil and gas oilwell service companies are currently under pressure from regulatory authorities, environmental groups, oil companies, stock holders, etc., to use "green" chemical products; however, at this time, there is no universally-accepted definition for "green."
So how does a service company meet the requirement for using "green" chemical products, when "green" isn't defined?
To meet the increasing demand for "green" chemical products, Halliburton has developed a system for scoring the hazards of chemical products.
The Chemistry Scoring Index (CSI) is a method for quantifying the environmental, physical, and health properties of chemical products based on the hazards of its components. Each component of the product is scored in the three- hazard categories based on classification criteria from the United Nations' Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) and by additional hazard criteria developed by Halliburton. Each criterion is weighted as to its level of hazard (e.g., a carcinogen receives a higher weight (score) than an irritant). In addition, the score for a component is weighted on the percentage of the component in the product. The score for each component is added to give the product a score for each hazard category. The score from each hazard category is added together to compile a total score for the product. The lower the product score, the lower the Health, Safety, and Environmental (HSE) impact of the chemical product.
The score for chemical products in the same usage type are compared to determine the best HSE chemical for the application. The scores are used to promote the use of more HSE responsible chemicals, to help in the development of less hazardous chemical products and to help prioritize products in the company's chemical portfolio. Use of the CSI helps reduce or eliminate hazardous chemicals that can harm human health, safety, and environment.
Performance Through Cultural Understanding
Authors: Younes N. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper describes the approach taken by an international Oil and Gas company to ensure safe delivery of their civil works activities in support of seismic and drilling operations. The civil works contract for this oil and gas exploration and development Project in the Omani Empty Quarter Desert was awarded to a local contractor company owned by an Omani Bedouin family. The client company's Civil Engineering and HSSE teams worked closely with the contracted company to improve their operational standards in ways which are both effective and culturally sensitive.
Strong leadership from both companies and cultural understanding helped achieve excellent results. Since start of the Project in July 2007, the contactor has safely constructed or maintained more than 100km of roads, eight drilling location pads, a central camp, a Reed Bed sewage treatment unit and drilled four water wells without a single lost time injury.
The approach achieved a clear industry endorsement when, competing against entries from major oil and gas companies, this approach won the Safety Category prize at a prestigious international awards ceremony held in London (UK).
The Project also showed how the approach based on building up national skills by working in partnership with local companies in the countries in which it operates can yield results which are on a par with best industry practice.
Defining and Assessing Safety Leadership: Experiences from an Operator and a Service Company
Authors: Knode Tom , Shelton Cory 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSafety leadership has been identified as a critical component of achieving successful safety results. Success is defined not only by the absence of injuries, but by careful consideration and management of risk. It is difficult to describe what "safety leadership" looks like. Many of us know at least one great leader, if not more. They inspire us and transform our lives and organizations with their leadership. But what are the common behaviors of these leaders, and how can we define them so that the common elements can be used to define expectations?In 2004, BP began the development of an assessment tool to define the behaviors that directly and indirectly affect safety. Experts in the field of behavioral science and statistics worked with internal personnel to develop and refine detailed language used in the assessment. In the end, it was determined that the majority of critical behaviors for safety performance were also linked to organizational performance. These elements can be used to describe the expected behaviors and to clarify and raise the awareness of leaders regarding the expected behaviors for their specific roles and responsibilities.After the assessment was developed, BP then began the process of deployment. The deployment process was part of a larger effort to provide guidance to leadership. At the same time, Halliburton was also looking for a means of adequately assessing safety leadership. Conversations ensued between the two companies and resulted in a unique intellectual property contract.Both companies have tested the deployment of the tool, as both a self-assessment and a 360 assessment. The results have led to new insights about expectations for leadership development and for creating organizational capacity that will lead to continuous improvement for safety performance. The experiences also provide insight into pitfalls and potential engagement problems while assessing leadership behaviors.
Will Drill Cuttings and Drill Mud Harm Cold Water Corals?
Authors: Jødestøl Kjell , Furuholt Edgar 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Cold water corals, e.g. Lophelia pertusa and Paragorgia arborea, are found in several places in the Norwegian Sea where oil exploration and production activities are going on. The corals are expected to be vulnerable for sedimentation of particles and exposure to chemicals from drilling activities (drill cuttings and drilling mud) and for physical damage from e.g. anchor lines. How vulnerable they are for these disturbances is, however, not well known. Oil and gas licences licenses in the area are therefore obligated to map possible corals and to take measures to avoid harming them. These obligations have been strengthened in the Integrated Management Plan for the Norwegian Sea approved by the Norwegian Parliament in May 2009.
Det norske oljeselskap has in 2009 drilled 4 exploration wells in the Norwegian Sea and carried out a number of activities to map corals, study the effects of drill cuttings and drilling mud, and apply technical and operational measures to reduce the effects. This includes: Mapping of corals around the drill site by use of side scan sonar, multibeam echo sounder and ROV mounted camera/videoMeasurement of particle size distributions in the discharges of cuttings and drilling mudComputer simulation of sea bed currents and sedimentation of discharged particlesAnalyses of particles from sediment traps and sea bottom core samples close to the drill site for verification of simulation models and evaluation of effects on coralsCamera observation of corals before and after the drilling operationRecovery of all cuttings (also from the top hole) to the rig for possible disposal away from corals.
Our experience shows that technology is available to handle drill cuttings and mud and control the discharges and spreading to avoid harming corals and other sensitive resources.
BRAT: A Tool for Assessing HSE/CSR in Acquisitions and Mergers
Authors: Kinn Sigurd Juel , Zwick Linda 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This abstract describes a method and a web-based tool, BRAT (Brownfield Assessment Tool) developed by Statoil, to identify and evaluate key Health, Safety, Security, Environmental (HSE), Social (CSR) and Ethical issues (ECC) issues relevant to prospective acquisitions, mergers and joint ventures relating to existing facilities.
BRAT is a module in EPRA, which is the corporate tool for assessing HSE/CSR/ECC risks in early phases of project development and in farm-in/acquisitions/mergers.
The main objective of the tool is to provide a consistent and structured approach to make informed decisions when carrying- out acquisitions/investments of existing facilities. The tool is designed to support valuation, bid preparation, and contractual negotiations; through the assessment of the condition of a facility compared to internal and external (eg IFC, ILO etc) standards, as well as the identification of relevant liabilities, risks and opportunities.
The tool provides a multidiciplinary approach to: undertaking a structured condition assessment of a facility in relation to minimum standards using a set of predifined statements;identifying measures and costs required to bring a facility to the minimum acceptable level as well as to operate to Statoil requirements; andprovide an estimation of potential liability costs.
Additionally, key features of the tool include the clear and standardised communiction of observations and results, as well the ability to highlight critical "stop sign" issues and other issues that should be covered in a risk assessment using a Statoil risk assessment tool EPRA.
The development of BRAT involved a multidisciplinary team from Statoil together with Environmental Resources Management, through several workshops. Based on these specifications, a prototype tool has been developed and successfully tested on a series of fictitious and real project opportunities which resulted in the implementation of BRAT version 1. An updated version of BRAT (v2) has been developed recently based on experiences of testing version 1.
Synergistic Hearing Loss Secondary to Occupational Noise Exposure and Organic Solvents: A Review
Authors: Chamma N. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Noise is one of the most prevalent workplace exposures in a wide variety of industries, and noise-induced hearing loss is one of the most common occupational illnesses globally. Despite legislative efforts such as the regulatory mandate enacted by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 1983 to help prevent noise-induced hearing associated with workplace exposure, it remains a major problem with significant health implications. Although occupational noise is present in many industry sectors, it is estimated that 25% of the petroleum industry workforce may be exposed to levels beyond the OSHA permissible exposure level of 90 dB on an 8-hour time-weighted average.
Noise has been linked to adverse health effects involving different body systems, chiefly the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Several studies have also suggested a synergistic effect on hearing loss with combined exposures to a number of ototoxic agents including organic solvents. This paper reviews the current scientific knowledge and latest research developments on occupational hearing loss due to the interaction of noise and organic solvents, particularly as it relates to the petroleum industry. We will discuss the implications of these exposures on hearing conservation programs, present current best practices for hazard prevention and control measures, along with the latest guidance by international agencies in their efforts to mitigate the global burden of occupational noise. Since noise-induced hearing loss is not reversible, early detection and intervention is paramount in the prevention of this disorder.
Properly Designed PPE for the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Balderas Javier , Gelpke David , Salawage Cliff 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Promoting and maintaining a safe work environment in the oil and gas industry involves many facets. Strong safety leadership influences behaviors and contributes to an effective safety culture. Effective procedures and training are also important contributors to ensuring a safe work environment. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is recognized as the last line of defense in the hierarchy of controls. Nevertheless, it is an important element in a risk reduction program. It's therefore critical that PPE be selected to address the unique risks for the work performed.
Hand and finger injuries are unfortunately common in oilfield services and they consistently constitute the largest percentage of injuries in our company. Hand and finger injuries are typically caused by impact, caught between items (pinching), cuts, and punctures. Great strides have been made recently in developing hand PPE that provides improved impact protection, numerous gloves offer some degree of cut and puncture resistance, and some gloves offer both impact and cut and puncture protection.
The information available from glove manufacturers about their products is voluminous and often times confusing. This paper describes some of the tests that are used to measure the cut and puncture resistance of a glove and how to use the test results for evaluating one glove against another. We also describe our work with a glove manufacturer to design a product that meets our specific needs.
Biodiversity Offset Strategies for Oil and Gas Exploration and Production
Authors: Aronson John G. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This knowledge sharing paper explores the latest in biodiversity offset strategies, means to address residual environmental impacts, beyond normal reclamation and mitigation. Global oil and gas exploration and production companies must now operate in increasingly challenging and sensitive environments. Creation of effective biodiversity offset strategy portfolios for these environments requires a solid understanding of the physical, chemical, biological, social, regulatory, legal, and economic characteristics of the project and its environs. Tropical rain forest, desert, coral reef, riverine, ocean, and estuarine ecosystems present different biodiversity challenges. Oil and gas companies face increasing pressure to reduce biodiversity impacts, and can now use biodiversity offsets to improve conditions in their areas of operation. A special focus discussion on Caspian Sturgeon biodiversity offset potential is included.