bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structure of per‐Methylated B6N7‐Azaboraphenalene
Authors: Ederle Henry P. , Nöth Heinrich 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTricyclic nonamethyl‐B6N7‐phenalene, Me9B6N7 (1) was prepared from N(BCl2)3 and MeB(NHMe2)2 in the presence of NEt3. Its B3N3 rings are twisted against each other by 8 and 11° and the B–N bond lengths vary from 1.412(9) to 1.482(9) Å. The tricyclic ring is rather stable as shown by its mass spectrum, which is dominated by the loss of Me groups as well as by the formation of doubly charged fragments of the tricycle. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Multi‐scale system reliability analysis of lifeline networks under earthquake hazards
Authors: Song Junho , Ok Seung‐Yong 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRecent earthquake events evidenced that damage of structural components in a lifeline network may cause prolonged disruption of lifeline services, which eventually results in significant socio‐economic losses in the affected area. Despite recent advances in network reliability analysis, the complexity of the problem and various uncertainties still make it a challenging task to evaluate the post‐hazard performance and connectivity of lifeline networks efficiently and accurately. In order to overcome such challenges and take advantage of merits of multi‐scale analysis, this paper develops a multi‐scale system reliability analysis method by integrating a network decomposition approach with the matrix‐based system reliability (MSR) method. In addition to facilitating system reliability analysis of large‐size networks, the multi‐scale approach enables optimizing the level of computational effort on subsystems; identifying the relative importance of components and subsystems at multiple scales; and providing a collaborative risk management framework. The MSR method is uniformly applied for system reliability analyses at both the lower‐scale (for link failure) and the higher‐scale (for system connectivity) to obtain the probability of general system events, various conditional probabilities, component importance measures, statistical correlation between subsystem failures and parameter sensitivities. The proposed multi‐scale analysis method is demonstrated by its application to a gas distribution network in Shelby County of Tennessee. A parametric study is performed to determine the number of segments during the lower‐scale MSR analysis of each pipeline based on the strength of the spatial correlation of seismic intensity. It is shown that the spatial correlation should be considered at both scales for accurate reliability evaluation. The proposed multi‐scale analysis approach provides an effective framework of risk assessment and decision support for lifeline networks under earthquake hazards. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the role of attachment in social comparison theories of eating disorders within a non‐clinical female population
Authors: Bamford Bryony , Halliwell Emma 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective: The present study aimed to integrate attachment theory and sociocultural theory as predictors of disordered eating, thereby combining two previously distinct literatures in order to provide a more comprehensive model of eating disorder development. It was specifically proposed that women's attachment style may influence their tendency to socially compare themselves to idealised others.Method: Participants (N = 213) were non‐clinical female undergraduates. Sociocultural attitudes to appearance, social comparison, attachment and eating disorder symptomatology were assessed using self‐report questionnaires.Results: Consistent with the hypothesis, social comparison was found to mediate the relationship between attachment anxiety and disordered eating. In addition, attachment avoidance, was not significantly associated with either internalisation of cultural ideals or social comparison but was significantly related to eating psychopathology.Conclusion: The findings suggest that attachment anxiety and avoidance influence disordered eating via different pathways, with attachment anxiety specifically being implicated in sociocultural models of disordered eating. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Impacts of fluorouracil‐metabolizing enzymes on the outcomes of patients treated with S‐1 alone or S‐1 plus cisplatin for first‐line treatment of advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Koizumi Wasaburo , Tanabe Satoshi , Azuma Mizutomo , Ishido Kenji , Nishimura Ken , Sasaki Tohru , Nakatani Kento , Higuchi Katsuhiko , Nakayama Norisuke , Katada Chikatoshi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA phase III trial of S‐1 plus cisplatin (SP) versus S‐1 alone, for first‐line treatment of advanced gastric cancer (SPIRITS trial), has shown that overall survival was better in patients treated with SP than with S‐1 alone. In the present retrospective biomarker study, we aimed to develop a methodology to identify the patients with advanced gastric cancer who would respond better to S‐1 alone than SP. We studied 120 patients who received S‐1 alone or SP for first‐line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer, and quantitatively evaluated mRNA levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, vascular endothelial growth factor‐A, and epidermal growth factor receptor in paraffin‐embedded specimens of primary tumors. Multivariate survival analysis in patients who received S‐1 monotherapy (66 patients) demonstrated that low TP expression (hazard ratio: 2.55 (95% CI: (1.33 to 4.89)), low TS (2.71 (1.36 to 5.37)), and high OPRT (0.33 (0.13 to 0.86)) were significant predictors of long overall survival. In patients with lower expression of both TP and TS (n = 23) than their cutoff values, the S‐1 alone group (n = 15) had longer overall survival than the SP group (n = 8; median overall survival, 18.2 months vs. 9.4 months), whereas the frequency of overall adverse events in the S‐1 alone group tended to be lower than that in SP group. Our results suggest that these biomarkers are useful for selection of patients with advanced gastric cancer in whom treatment with S‐1 alone will yield survival benefit.
Selective upregulation of interleukin‐8 by human rhabdomyosarcomas in response to hypoxia: therapeutic implications
Authors: Wysoczynski Marcin , Shin Dong‐Myung , Kucia Magda , Ratajczak Mariusz Z. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft‐tissue sarcoma of adolescence and childhood. Because RMS tumors are highly vascularized, we sought to determine which factors secreted by RMS cells are crucial in stimulating angiogenesis in response to hypoxia. To address this issue, we evaluated expression of several proangiogenic factors [interleukin (IL)‐8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐2, stromal‐derived factor (SDF)‐1, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)] in 8 human RMS cell lines in both normal steady‐state and hypoxic conditions. We found by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ‐PCR) and confirmed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that from all the factors evaluated, IL‐8, whose expression is very low in normoxia, had been very highly expressed and secreted by RMS cells lines during hypoxic conditions (∼40–170 times). Interestingly, this upregulation was not affected by knocking down hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α, but was inhibited by mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)p42/44 and phosphatidylinositaol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway inhibitors. This suggests that IL‐8 expression is regulated in an activating protein (AP)‐1‐ and nuclear factor (NF)‐κB‐dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that conditioned media (CM) harvested from RMS cells exposed to hypoxia activated and stimulated chemotactic responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and that IL‐8 was responsible for hypoxia‐related effects. Finally, by employing shRNA, the expression of IL‐8 in human RH‐30 cells was downregulated. We noticed that such RMS cells, if injected into skeletal muscles of immunodeficient mice, have a reduced ability for tumor formation. We conclude that IL‐8 is a pivotal proangiogenic factor released by human RMS cells in hypoxic conditions and that the targeting of IL‐8 may prove to be a novel and efficient strategy for inhibiting RMS growth.
A case‐control study on hormone therapy as a risk factor for breast cancer in Finland: Intrauterine system carries a risk as well
Authors: Lyytinen Heli K. , Dyba Tadeusz , Ylikorkala Olavi , Pukkala Eero I. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) and the risk for breast cancer in recently postmenopausal Finnish women. All Finnish women with first invasive breast cancer diagnosed between the ages of 50 and 62 years during 1995–2007 (n = 9,956) were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry. For each case, 3 controls of the same age were retrieved from the Finnish Population Register. The cases and controls were linked to the national medical reimbursement register to assess the use of HT. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breast cancer were calculated with conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusting for parity, age at the first birth and health care district. Estradiol‐only therapy (991 users with breast cancer, n) or oral progestagen (n = 138) was not accompanied by an increased risk. Estradiol‐progestagen therapy (EPT) (n = 1,731) was associated with an elevated risk in the whole series (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.27–1.46). The risk became detectable in less than 3 years of use. Continuous EPT use tended to be associated with a higher risk for breast cancer than the sequential EPT use. The use of tibolone (n = 80) (1.36; 1.15–1.96), a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG–IUS) alone (n = 154) (1.45; 1.97–1.77) or as a complement to estradiol (n = 137) (2.15; 1.72–2.68) was also associated with an increased risk. The association between HT use and the risk for breast cancer shows a large variation between various forms of HT, and also the use of LNG‐IUS may carry a risk.
Proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells on bioapatite with different crystalline facets
Authors: Ichinohe Norihisa , Nakano Takayoshi , Mitaka Toshihiro , Umakoshi Yukichi , Tabata Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the attachment, osteogenic differentiation, and collagen matrix secretion of rat bone marrow stromal cells (MSC) and MC3T3‐E1 cells on the biological apatite (Ap) with different crystalline facets. The Ap samples with a‐facet and c‐facet surfaces were prepared by cutting the heat‐treated cortical bone of bovine femurs parallel and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, respectively. MC3T3‐E1 cells attached spreading on the a‐Ap sample whereas their shape of cells was round on the c‐Ap. No difference in the proliferation profile of MSC and MC3T3‐E1 cells was observed between the two samples. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher for both the cells on the a‐Ap sample than that of c‐Ap one. The matrix of collagen secreted from MC3T3‐E1 cells on the a‐Ap sample oriented along the c‐axis of Ap, in contrast to those of c‐Ap. The cells tended to align along the collagen orientation. It is concluded that the alignment of cells is influenced by the collagen fibril orientation of Ap samples. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
A novel purification method for multipotential skeletal stem cells
Authors: Itoh Shousaku , Aubin Jane E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAt least some cells within bone marrow stromal populations are multipotential (i.e., differentiate in vitro into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes) and thus designated skeletal stem cells (SSCs) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) amongst other names. Recently, a subpopulation of stromal cells, notably osteoblasts or their progenitors, has been identified as a definitive regulatory component of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche. Thus, the development of methods for purifying not only SSCs but cells comprising the HSC niche is of interest. Here, we report a method for purifying a novel bone marrow‐derived population with a high frequency of osteoprogenitors and high expression levels of osteoblast differentiation markers (highly purified osteoprogenitors (HipOPs)) as well as markers of the bone niche for HSCs. In vivo transplantation experiments demonstrated that donor HipOPs differentiated into not only osteoblasts, osteocytes and cells around sinusoids but also hematopoietic cells. Thus, HipOPs represent a novel population for simultaneous reconstruction of bone and bone marrow microenvironments. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 368–377, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RAGE expression and NF‐κB activation attenuated by extracellular domain of RAGE in human salivary gland cell line
Authors: Chuong Christopher , Katz Joseph , Pauley Kaleb M. , Bulosan Marievic , Cha Seunghee 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe receptor for advanced‐glycation‐end‐products (RAGE) has been implicated as a pro‐inflammatory factor in chronic inflammatory conditions such as diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of the soluble‐RAGE (sRAGE), the extracellular domain of RAGE, on RAGE expression and NF‐κB translocation in human‐salivary gland‐cell‐lines (HSG). Cells were stimulated with agonist S100A4, fusion protein of RAGE encompassing the extracellular domain of RAGE (ex‐RAGE), ex‐RAGE followed by S100A4, or S100A4 followed by ex‐RAGE. Our study indicates that RAGE expression was highest at 150 µg/µl of S100A4 and efficiently down‐regulated by 1.8‐fold (P < 0.05) when ex‐RAGE was incubated prior to agonist S100A4. RAGE protein was also consistently down‐regulated by 20–40% with pre‐incubation of ex‐RAGE. More importantly, nuclear translocation of p65 and p52 of NF‐κB by S100A4 was inhibited in the presence of ex‐RAGE, confirming anti‐inflammatory function of ex‐RAGE. In conclusion, ex‐RAGE down‐regulates RAGE expression and inhibits p65 and p52 activation in HSG, providing evidence that ex‐RAGE functions as a “decoy” to RAGE–ligand interaction and thus potentially dampening inflammatory conditions. J. Cell. Physiol. 221: 430–434, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intersex gonads in frogs: understanding the time course of natural development and role of endocrine disruptors
Authors: Storrs‐Méndez Sara I. , Semlitsch Raymond D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe paucity of data on sexual development of anuran amphibians has played an important role in the recent controversy over atrazine exposure. Although some studies have demonstrated the presence of abnormal gonads in control treatments, others have not, leading to varying interpretations of the effects of atrazine exposure on sexual development. However, the timing of development varies among anuran amphibians such that, at any snapshot in time, different species may exhibit different stages of sexual differentiation. We examined three species representing each of the differentiation rates (Bufo americanus=retarded rate; Hyla versicolor=basic rate; Rana sphenocephala=accelerated rate), to examine the natural time course of sexual development along with the influence of atrazine exposure. For each species, exposure to atrazine (1, 3, 10, 30 parts per billion), 17‐β‐estradiol or control water occurred throughout larval life. Gonad histology was performed at 3‐week intervals during the larval period or at a juvenile stage to examine the proportion of males, females, underdeveloped testes, testicular oocytes (TO; testes with 0–30% oocytes), and ovotestes (OVTs; testes with>30% oocytes). Our results illustrate that a phase of intersex gonads (TO or OVT) is normal during R. sphenocephala sexual development, a species representing the accelerated differentiation rate. Further, intersex gonads were found in juvenile stages of B. americanus and H. versicolor, representing retarded and basic rates, respectively, suggesting that a phase of intersex may be common regardless of differentiation rate. Moreover, these data highlight the importance of longitudinal studies rather than snapshots in time. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:57–66, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Poly(ethyleneglycol): A versatile and recyclable reaction medium in gaining access to benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidines under microwave heating
Authors: Wang Shu‐Liang , Hao Wen‐Juan , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Zhang Xiao‐Hong , Cao Xu‐Dong , Yan Shu , Wu Shan‐Shan , Han Zheng‐Guo , Shi Feng 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
magnified imagePolyethylene glycol is found to be a nontoxic and recyclable reaction medium for the microwave‐assisted, one‐pot, multicomponent reactions of aromatic aldehydes with 2‐aminobenzimidazole and 1,2‐diphenylethanone in the presence of potassium carbonate. This environmentally friendly microwave protocol offers ease of operation and enables recyclability of reaction media and synthesis of a variety of substituted benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine derivatives. It is an efficient, promising, and green synthetic strategy to construct benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine skeleton. J. Heterocyclic Chem. (2009).
The mediating role of job characteristics in job redesign interventions: A serendipitous quasi‐experiment
Authors: Holman David J. , Axtell Carolyn M. , Sprigg Christine A. , Totterdell Peter , Wall Toby D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine the mediating role played by five key job characteristics in the relationship between employee participation in a job redesign intervention and employee well‐being. In studies of job redesign interventions, it has been assumed that any effects of employee participation in job redesign on well‐being are a result of changes in job characteristics rather than participation in change per se. It is therefore important to statistically test for mediation in job redesign intervention studies to help establish that the change in job characteristics is the mechanism through which job redesign interventions work. However, this has rarely been tested directly, either because data to allow tests of mediation have not been collected (e.g. assessments of job characteristics) or because data have been collected but mediation has not been tested using accepted procedures. This makes it unclear whether changes in job characteristics explain the effects. Results from multilevel analyses of a longitudinal 9‐month long serendipitous quasi‐experimental participative job redesign intervention showed that changes in job control, participation, skill utilization and feedback, but not task obstacles, were sufficient to account for the relationship between the intervention and employee well‐being. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in means and extreme events of temperature and precipitation in the Asia‐Pacific Network region, 1955–2007
Authors: Choi Gwangyong , Collins Dean , Ren Guoyu , Trewin Blair , Baldi Marina , Fukuda Yoshikazu , Afzaal Muhammad , Pianmana Theeraluk , Gomboluudev Purevjav , Huong Pham Thi Thanh , Lias Norlisam , Kwon Won‐Tae , Boo Kyung‐On , Cha Yu‐Mi , Zhou Yaqing 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this study, spatial and temporal patterns of changes in extreme events of temperature and precipitation at 143 weather stations in ten Asia‐Pacific Network (APN) countries and their associations with changes in climate means are examined for the 1955–2007 period. Averaged over the APN region, annual frequency of cool nights (days) has decreased by 6.4 days/decade (3.3 days/decade), whereas the frequency of warm nights (days) has increased by 5.4 days/decade (3.9 days/decade). The change rates in the annual frequency of warm nights (days) over the last 20 years (1988–2007) have exceeded those over the full 1955–2007 period by a factor of 1.8 (3.4). Seasonally, the frequencies of summer warm nights and days are changing more rapidly per unit change in mean temperatures than the corresponding frequencies for cool nights and days. However, normalization of the extreme and mean series shows that the rate of changes in extreme temperature events are generally less than that of mean temperatures, except for winter cold nights which are changing as rapidly as the winter mean minimum temperature. These results indicate that there have been seasonally and diurnally asymmetric changes in extreme temperature events relative to recent increases in temperature means in the APN region.There are no systematic, regional trends over the study period in total precipitation, or in the frequency and duration of extreme precipitation events. Statistically significant trends in extreme precipitation events are observed at fewer than 30% of all weather stations, with no spatially coherent pattern of change, whereas statistically significant changes in extreme temperature events have occurred at more than 70% of all weather stations, forming strongly coherent spatial patterns. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Application of portable Raman spectroscopy and benchtop spatially offset Raman spectroscopy to interrogate concealed biomaterials
Authors: Hargreaves Michael D. , Macleod Neil A. , Brewster Victoria L. , Munshi Tasnim , Edwards Howell G. M. , Matousek Pavel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate the ability of portable Raman spectroscopy and benchtop spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) techniques to rapidly identify real and fake ivory samples. Both techniques were able to identify exposed genuine from fake ivory samples. In contrast to conventional Raman spectroscopy, SORS was, in addition, able to identify ivory concealed by plastics, paints, varnishes and cloth. Application of the SORS technique allows the interrogation of biomaterial samples through materials in which conventional Raman spectroscopic instrumentation cannot penetrate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of methyl jasmonate on quality and antioxidant activity of postharvest loquat fruit
Authors: Cao Shifeng , Zheng Yonghua , Yang Zhenfeng , Wang Kaituo , Rui Huaijing 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGOUND: Loquat fruit is rich in natural antioxidants and has shown a remarkably high antioxidant activity. To search for an effective method for maintaining or even improving antioxidant activity during postharvest storage, we investigated the effect of 10 µmol L−1 methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on levels of major individual sugars and organic acids, total phenolics, total carotenoids, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity in loquat fruit during storage at 1 °C for 35 days.RESULTS: The MeJA‐treated fruit exhibited significantly lower levels of respiration rate, ethylene production, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and polyphenol oxidase activities, and higher levels of sugars, organic acids, total phenolics and total flavonoids than control fruit. Meanwhile, the treatment also maintained significantly higher antioxidant activity as measured by the scavenging capacity against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, and by the reducing power test compared to the control. There was a significant positive linear relationship between total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity.CONCLUSION: MeJA treatment can improve the quality and functional properties of harvested loquat fruit by maintaining a higher level of antioxidants and enhancing antioxidant activity. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry