bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disseminated tumor cells predict survival after neoadjuvant therapy in primary breast cancer
Authors: Hall Carolyn , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Lodhi Ashutosh , Bhattacharyya Anirban , Anderson Amber , Kuerer Henry , Bedrosian Isabelle , Singh Balraj , Lucci Anthony 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Tumor cells that disseminate to the bone marrow (disseminated tumor cells [DTCs]) have been identified in 30% of patients with stage I through II breast cancer (BC) and predict outcome. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is effective in reducing the size of primary tumors or eradicating lymph node metastases before surgery, but little is known regarding the presence or significance of DTCs after NACT.METHODS:The authors evaluated DTCs in 95 patients with clinical stage I through III BC. Bone marrow samples were collected after completion of NACT at the time they underwent surgery for primary BC. DTCs were assessed using an anticytokeratin antibody cocktail. Primary tumor markers, the extent of lymph node (LN) involvement, they type of NACT administered, and response to NACT were compared with presence of DTCs. Chi‐square and Fisher exact tests were used for statistical analyses.RESULTS:The median patient age at diagnosis was 51 years, and the median follow‐up was 24 months. Forty‐six percent of patients had tumors classified as T1/T2, 20% had T3 tumors, 34.5% had T4 tumors, and 81% had lymph node metastasis before NACT. DTCs were identified in 26% of patients after NACT. No associations were observed between DTCs and primary tumor characteristics or LN involvement. A pathologic complete response was observed in 25 patients (26%) but was not predictive of DTCs after NACT (P = .83). DTCs after NACT predicted worse BC‐specific survival (P < .02).CONCLUSIONS:The presence of DTCs was an independent predictor of outcome after NACT. The current results indicated that monitoring hematogenous micrometastatic disease after NACT may be useful in selecting patients who might benefit from additional systemic adjuvant therapies. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Genetic variants of the p53 and p73 genes jointly increase risk of second primary malignancies in patients after index squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Zhang Yang , Sturgis Erich M. , Huang Zhigang , Zafereo Mark E. , Wei Qingyi , Li Guojun 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Because of the structural and biochemical similarities between the antitumor p53 and p73 proteins, the authors hypothesized that individuals who carry high‐risk genotypes of p53 codon 72 and p73 G4C14‐to‐A4T14 polymorphisms have a higher risk of developing second primary malignancy (SPM) after index squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).METHODS:A cohort of 1269 patients with index cases of SCCHN was recruited between May 1995 and January 2007 at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and followed for SPM development. Patients were genotyped for p53 codon 72 and p73 G4C14‐to‐A4T14 polymorphisms. A log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare SPM‐free survival and SPM risk among different risk groups with the combined risk genotypes of the 2 polymorphisms.RESULTS:The data demonstrated that patients with p53 WP + PP and p73 GC/GC genotypes had a worse SPM‐free survival and an increased SPM risk compared with the corresponding p53 WW and p73 GC/AT + AT/AT genotypes. After combining the 2 polymorphisms, a borderline significantly or significantly reduced SPM‐free survival and increased SPM risk were observed in the medium‐risk group (p53 WW and p73 GC/GC or p53 P carriers and p73 AT carriers) and high‐risk group (p53 P carriers and p73 GC/GC) compared with low‐risk group (p53 WW and p73 AT carriers), respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The results suggest an increased risk of SPM after index SCCHN with both p53 and p73 polymorphisms individually and in combination. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Trends in radical prostatectomy: centralization, robotics, and access to urologic cancer care
Authors: Stitzenberg Karyn B. , Wong Yu‐Ning , Nielsen Matthew E. , Egleston Brian L. , Uzzo Robert G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Robotic surgery has been widely adopted for radical prostatectomy. We hypothesized that this change is rapidly shifting procedures away from hospitals that do not offer robotics and consequently increasing patient travel.METHODS:A population‐based observational study of all prostatectomies for cancer in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania from 2000 to 2009 was performed using hospital discharge data. Hospital procedure volume was defined as the number of prostatectomies performed for cancer in a given year. Straight‐line travel distance to the treating hospital was calculated for each case. Hospitals were contacted to determine the year of acquisition of the first robot.RESULTS:From 2000 to 2009, the total number of prostatectomies performed annually increased substantially. The increase occurred almost entirely at the very high‐volume centers (≥106 prostatectomies/year). The number of hospitals performing prostatectomy fell 37% from 2000 to 2009. By 2009, the 9% (21/244) of hospitals that had very high volume performed 57% of all prostatectomies, and the 35% (86/244) of hospitals with a robot performed 85% of all prostatectomies. The median travel distance increased 54% from 2000 to 2009 (P<.001). The proportion of patients traveling ≥15 miles increased from 24% to 40% (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:Over the past decade, the number of radical prostatectomies performed has risen substantially. These procedures have been increasingly centralized at high‐volume centers, leading to longer patient travel distances. Few prostatectomies are now performed at hospitals that do not offer robotic surgery. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A comparison of the outcomes of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for clinical T2‐T4aN0‐N2M0 bladder cancer
Authors: Wosnitzer Matthew S. , Hruby Gregory W. , Murphy Alana M. , Barlow Lamont J. , Cordon‐Cardo Carlos , Mansukhani Mahesh , Petrylak Daniel P. , Benson Mitchell C. , McKiernan James M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Despite evidence supporting perioperative chemotherapy, few randomized studies compare neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer. Consequently, the standard of care regarding the timing of chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer remains controversial. We compared patient outcomes following neoadjuvant or adjuvant systemic chemotherapy for cT2‐T4aN0‐N2M0 bladder cancer.METHODS:In a retrospective review of a single institutional database from 1988 through 2009, we identified patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant multiagent platinum‐based systemic chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer. Survival analysis was performed comparing disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS).RESULTS:A total of 146 patients received systemic perioperative chemotherapy (73 neoadjuvant, 73 adjuvant). Of these, 84% (122/146) received cisplatin‐based chemotherapy compared with carboplatin‐based chemotherapy (24/146, 16.4%). Most patients receiving cisplatin‐based chemotherapy were treated with methotrexate/vinblastine/adriamycin/cisplatin (79/122, 64.8%), whereas the remaining patients received gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) (43/122, 35.2%). In multivariable analysis, there was no significant difference in DSS (P = .46) or OS (P = .76) between neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy groups. There was statistically significant improvement in DSS when patients received neoadjuvant GC rather than adjuvant GC (P = .049, hazard ratio, 10.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.01‐112.2).CONCLUSION:In this study, there was no statistically significant difference in OS and DSS between patients receiving neoadjuvant versus adjuvant systemic platinum‐based chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer. In addition, there was no significant difference between neoadjuvant and adjuvant cisplatin‐ or carboplatin‐based chemotherapy. Chemotherapy sequence relative to surgery appeared less important than whether or not a patient actually received perioperative chemotherapy. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
The prognostic impact of tumor cell expression of estrogen receptor‐α, progesterone receptor, and androgen receptor in patients irradiated for nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Rades Dirk , Setter Cornelia , Dahl Olav , Schild Steven E. , Noack Frank 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The current study was performed to investigate the potential impact of tumor cell expression of estrogen receptor‐α (ER‐α), progesterone receptor (PR), and androgen receptor (AR) on the outcomes of patients who received radiotherapy (RT) for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODS:Tumor cell expression of ER‐α, PR, and AR as well as 9 additional potential prognostic factors were retrospectively evaluated in 64 patients who underwent RT for AJCC stage II/III NSCLC. The endpoints investigated were locoregional control, metastases‐free survival, and overall survival. The additional potential prognostic factors were age, gender, Karnofsky performance score, histology, T classification, N classification, surgery, smoking during RT, and hemoglobin levels during RT. Subgroup analyses were performed for women and men.RESULTS:On univariate analysis, locoregional control was not found to be associated with expression of PR or AR. ER‐α expression demonstrated a strong trend toward worse locoregional control. On multivariate analysis, ER‐α expression was found to be significantly associated with worse locoregional control (risk ratio [RR], 3.12; P = .035). On univariate analysis, metastases‐free survival was not associated with expression of ER‐α, PR, or AR. On univariate analysis, survival was found to be negatively associated with expression of ER‐α (P = .003) but not with PR or AR expression. On multivariate analysis, ER‐α expression maintained significance (RR, 2.73; P = .022).CONCLUSIONS:Tumor cell expression of ER‐α was found to be a negative prognostic factor for treatment outcomes in both women and men. Expression of PR and AR was not associated with outcomes. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Medullary thyroid microcarcinoma
Authors: Kazaure Hadiza S. , Roman Sanziana A. , Sosa Julie A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Medullary thyroid microcarcinomas (microMTCs) are medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs) that measure ≤1 cm in size for which there is a paucity of data on incidence, characteristics, and clinical significance.METHODS:Patients who had a diagnosis of microMTC were abstracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1988‐2007). The data were analyzed using chi‐square tests, t tests, and log‐rank tests; multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors that were associated independently with lymph node metastases. Tests for diagnostic accuracy, including likelihood ratio tests and post‐test probability tests, were computed to evaluate the size‐specific likelihood of developing lymph node metastases among patients with microMTC.RESULTS:In total, 310 patients had microMTC; its incidence increased during the study period (Ptrend = .033), and microMTC as a proportion of all MTCs increased by 39%. The mean tumor size was 5.7 mm. Thirty‐one percent of tumors were multifocal, and 7.8% had extrathyroid extension. Lymph node metastases occurred in nearly 37% of patients who had any lymph nodes removed (65 of 176 patients). Nearly 20% of patients had regional disease, and 5% had distant metastases. The overall 10‐year survival rates for patients with localized, regional, and distant disease stages were 96%, 87%, and 50%, respectively (P < .001). After adjustment, extrathyroid extension (odds ratio [OR], 41.9; P < .001) and tumor size (OR, 1.2; P = .008) retained an independent association with lymph node metastases. MTCs that measured ≤5 mm were associated with a probability of lymph node metastases of approximately 23%, and the probability increased for patients who had tumors >5 mm.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that microMTCs have significant rates of poor prognostic features known to impact the survival of patients with MTC. These microcarcinomas are an important clinical entity that requires comprehensive evaluation and surgical management. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
The long‐term postsurgical prognosis of patients with pineoblastoma
Authors: Tate Matthew , Sughrue Michael E. , Rutkowski Martin J. , Kane Ari J. , Aranda Derick , McClinton LaShaun , McClinton LaShay , Barani Igor J. , Parsa Andrew T. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:For this report, the authors comprehensively summarized the existing literature on patients with pineoblastoma and identified the variables and treatments that had an impact patient on outcomes.METHODS:A comprehensive search identified 109 studies that collectively described the outcomes of patients with pineoblastoma. Individual patient data were classified based on treatment and were subjected to univariate comparisons. Cox regression analysis included comparisons of survival outcomes controlling for age, extent of resection, and treatment group, and between‐group survival comparisons were performed using the Kendall tau (rank correlation) statistic.RESULTS:Two hundred ninety‐nine patients met inclusion criteria. The overall survival rate was 54% (175 of 299 patients) at a mean follow‐up of 31 ± 1.9 months (range, 1‐159 months). The analyses demonstrated a markedly worse prognosis for children aged ≤5 years compared with older patients (5‐year survival rate: 15% for children aged ≤5 years vs 57% for children aged ≥5 years; log‐rank P < .00001). In addition, a graded increase in survival was observed with increasing degrees of resection (5‐year survival rate: 84% for patients who underwent gross total resection vs 53% for patients who underwent subtotal resection vs 29% for patients who underwent debulking; log‐rank P < .0001). Multivariate analysis indicated that not achieving gross total resection markedly worsened patient survival (subtotal resection: hazard ratio, 6.47; 95% confidence interval, 2.3‐19; P = .001. debulking: hazard ratio, 9.27; 95% confidence interval, 3.2‐27; P < .0001).CONCLUSIONS:The current findings emphasize the importance of aggressive surgical resection in the treatment of pineoblastoma. In addition, the authors conclude that clinical trials should not mix young patients with older patients or patients who undergo subtotal resection with patients who undergo gross total resection, because such heterogeneity may alter the variability of responses to treatment and reduce the likelihood of success. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization assay: A monitoring tool in the surveillance of patients with a history of non–muscle‐invasive urothelial cell carcinoma
Authors: Galván Ana B. , Salido Marta , Espinet Blanca , Placer José , Pijuan Lara , Juanpere Núria , Lloreta Josep , Solé Francesc , Gelabert‐Mas Antoni 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Non–muscle‐invasive urothelial cell carcinoma (NMIUCC) has a high tendency to recur and affected patients must be monitored regularly using invasive cystoscopies. The aim of the current study was to compare a multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay (UroVysion) with routine follow‐up (cystoscopy and cytology) in the monitoring of patients with a previous history of NMIUCC.METHODS:An unselected cohort of patients under surveillance for a previous history of NMIUCC was prospectively studied. A total of 248 examinations in 223 patients were analyzed. Each exploration was comprised of cytological and FISH microscopic examination of voided urine samples and cystoscopy. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values for tumor recurrence of all 3 techniques were determined.RESULTS:The sensitivities of FISH and cystoscopy were not found to be significantly different (92.9% and 82.1%, respectively). The specificities of FISH and cystoscopy were 92.7% and 89.7%, respectively. The PPV and NPV of FISH were 53.5% and 97.2%, respectively, whereas those of cystoscopy were 63.4% and 98.9%, respectively. No significant differences were found between these 2 tests. In contrast, the sensitivity and specificity of cytology were 14.3% and 99.5%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Given the lack of statistically significant differences with regard to FISH and cystoscopy results, the authors propose that FISH could be a useful monitoring tool in the surveillance of patients with a previous history of NMIUCC. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Biocompute 2.0: an improved collaborative workspace for data intensive bio‐science
Authors: Carmichael Rory , Braga‐Henebry Patrick , Thain Douglas , Emrich Scott 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThe explosion of data in the biological community requires scalable and flexible portals for bioinformatics. To help address this need, we proposed characteristics needed for rigorous, reproducible, and collaborative resources for data‐intensive science. Implementing a system with these characteristics exposed challenges in user interface, data distribution, and workflow description/execution. We describe ongoing responses to these and other challenges. Our Data‐Action‐Queue design pattern addresses user interface and system organization concepts. A dynamic data distribution mechanism lays the foundation for the management of persistent datasets. Makeflow facilitates the simple description and execution of complex multi‐part jobs and forms the kernel of a module system powering diverse bioinformatics applications. Our improved web portal, Biocompute 2.0, has been in production use since the summer of 2010. Through it and its predecessor, we have provided over 56 years of CPU time through its five modules—BLAST, SSAHA, SHRIMP, BWA, and SNPEXP—to research groups at three universities. In this paper, we describe the goals and interface to the system, its architecture and performance, and the insights gained in its development. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing Photobioreactors based on Living Cells Immobilized in Silica Gel for Carbon Dioxide Mitigation
Authors: Rooke Joanna C. , Léonard Alexandre , Meunier Christophe F. , Su Bao‐Lian 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAtmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been rising since the industrial revolution, with the most dramatic increase occurring since the end of World War II. Carbon dioxide is widely regarded as one of the major factors contributing to the greenhouse effect, which is of major concern in today’s society because it leads to global warming. Photosynthesis is Nature’s tool for combating elevated carbon dioxide levels. In essence, photosynthesis allows a cell to harvest solar energy and convert it into chemical energy through the assimilation of carbon dioxide and water. Therefore photosynthesis is regarded as an ideal way to harness the abundance of solar energy that reaches Earth and convert anthropologically generated carbon dioxide into useful carbohydrates, providing a much more sustainable energy source. This Minireview aims to tackle the idea of immobilizing photosynthetic unicellular organisms within inert silica frameworks, providing protection both to the fragile cells and to the external ecosystem, and to use this resultant living hybrid material in a photobioreactor. The viability and activity of various unicellular organisms are summarized alongside design issues of a photobioreactor based on living hybrid materials.
Numerical Study of Heat Capacity in Dissipative Two‐Dimensional Yukawa Systems
Authors: Vaulina O. S. , Khrustalyov Yu. V. , Petrov O. F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe problems associated with the physical properties of non‐ideal dissipative systems are of significant interest in various fields of science and technology (plasma physics, medical industry, physics of polymers, etc.). The best‐known model for description of pair interaction of repelling particles in physical kinetics is based on the screened potential of Yukawa type. In this paper we present the results of the study of the heat capacity in non‐ideal dissipative two‐dimensional Yukawa systems. The parameters responsible for the heat capacity are determined and investigated. Comparison of obtained coefficients of heat capacity with the existing theoretical model was performed (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Triage of cervical cytological diagnoses of atypical squamous cells by DNA methylation of paired boxed gene 1 (PAX1)
Authors: Chao Tai‐Kuang , Ke Feng‐Yi , Liao Yu‐Ping , Wang Hui‐Chen , Yu Cheng‐Ping , Lai Hung‐Cheng 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDetection of cervical high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in patients with equivocal cytological abnormalities, such as atypical squamous cells (ASC) of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or inability to exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASC‐H) is still a challenge. This study tested the efficacy of PAX1 methylation analysis in the triage of cervical ASCUS and ASC‐H and compared its performance with Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) HPV test. A hospital‐based case–control study was conducted. Cervical scrapings from patients with ASCUS or ASC‐H were used for the quantitative methylation analysis of PAX1 methylation by MethyLight and HPV testing by HC2. Patients with ASC‐H or ASCUS with repeated abnormal smears underwent colposcopic biopsy and subsequent therapies. Diagnoses were made by histopathology at a follow‐up of 2 years. The efficacies of detecting high‐grade lesions were compared. Fifty‐eight cervical scrapings with cytological diagnosis of ASCUS (n = 41) and ASC‐H (n = 17) were analyzed. One of the 41 (2.4%) ASCUS patients and seven of 17 (41.2%) ASC‐H patients were confirmed to have HSIL. After dichotomy of the PMR, PAX1 methylation rates were significantly higher in ASC developing HSIL compared with those developing reactive atypia (87.5% vs. 12.5%, P < 0.001). Testing PAX1 methylation in cervical swabs of patients with ASC confers better sensitivity (87.5% vs. 62.5%) and specificity (98.0% vs. 86.0%) than HC2 HPV testing. We show for the first time that PAX1 hypermethylation analysis may be a better choice than HC2 in the triage of ASCUS and ASC‐H. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regulation of axonal outgrowth and pathfinding by integrin–ecm interactions
Authors: Myers, Jonathan P. , Santiago‐Medina Miguel , Gomez Timothy M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDeveloping neurons use a combination of guidance cues to assemble a functional neural network. A variety of proteins immobilized within the extracellular matrix (ECM) provide specific binding sites for integrin receptors on neurons. Integrin receptors on growth cones associate with a number of cytosolic adaptor and signaling proteins that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion. Recent evidence suggests that soluble growth factors and classic axon guidance cues may direct axon pathfinding by controlling integrin‐based adhesion. Moreover, because classic axon guidance cues themselves are immobilized within the ECM and integrins modulate cellular responses to many axon guidance cues, interactions between activated receptors modulate cell signals and adhesion. Ultimately, growth cones control axon outgrowth and pathfinding behaviors by integrating distinct biochemical signals to promote the proper assembly of the nervous system. In this review, we discuss our current understanding how ECM proteins and their associated integrin receptors control neural network formation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 901‐923, 2011