bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Structural Diversity, and Ligand‐Transfer Potential of (Carbene)copper(I) Complexes
Authors: Venkatachalam Galmari , Heckenroth Marion , Neels Antonia , Albrecht Martin 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageCopper(I) complexes comprising different N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands were prepared via in situ deprotonation and metallation. Depending on the wingtip groups on the carbene ligand (alkyl vs. aryl, chelating or monodentate), a variety of different structural motifs were identified, such as a trigonal planar geometry (alkyl wingtips) and an unprecedented see‐saw‐type structure (pyridinyl wingtip groups). While aryl wingtip groups increase the stability of the complexes, alkyl substituents induce rapid demetallation in the presence of moisture. The reactivity of these complexes was used to establish a carbene‐transfer protocol, which is illustrated by the formation of new cyclic thiourea compounds (transfer to sulfur) and new (carbene)ruthenium(II) complexes (transfer to ruthenium). This suggests that (carbene)copper(I) complexes could become valuable alternatives to (carbene)silver(I) complexes for synthesizing (carbene)metal systems via transmetallation.
First Authentication of Kostanecki's Triketone and Multimolecular Reaction of Aromatic Aldehydes with Acetophenone
Authors: Shan Zixing , Hu Xiaoyun , Hu Lin , Peng Xitian 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA double‐component, multimolecular reaction between acetophenone and aromatic aldehydes was achieved under catalysis by the solid‐base mixture NaOH/K2CO3, and Kostanecki's triketone, supposed to exist for more than 110 years, was successfully separated for the first time as an accompaniment of a pentane‐1,5‐dione or a 1,2,3,4,5‐pentasubstituted cyclohexanol (Scheme 1) and authenticated by spectroscopic and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Thus, the multimolecular‐reaction mechanism of the formation of 1,2,3,4,5‐pentasubstituted cyclohexanols from 1‐phenylalkan‐1‐ones and aromatic aldehydes was fully validated based on the results (Scheme 3).
New Cembranoids from the Hainan Soft Coral Sarcophyton glaucum
Authors: Yao Li‐Gong , Liu Hai‐Li , Guo Yue‐Wei , Mollo Ernesto 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageFrom the soft bodied coral Sarcophyton glaucum collected from the South China Sea two new cembranoids, (7R,8S)‐dihydroxydeepoxy‐ent‐sarcophine (1) and secosarcophinolide (2), together with one known related compound, ent‐sarcophine (3), were isolated. The structures of the new compounds were determined by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data and chemical correlation. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by chemical correlation with 3 and by comparison of its optical rotation value with that of its corresponding enantiomer, (7S,8R)‐dihydroxydeepoxysarcophine (5).
Proline‐Containing Dipeptides from a Marine Sponge of a Callyspongia Species
Authors: Yang Bin , Dong Junde , Zhou Xuefeng , Yang Xianwen , Lee Kyung Jin , Wang Lishu , Zhang Si , Liu Yonghong 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA detailed analysis of the chemical constituents of a marine sponge of Callyspongia sp. was performed. A new proline‐containing dipeptide, callyspongidipeptide A (cyclo‐((S)‐Pro‐8‐hydroxy‐(R)‐Ile); 1) along with cyclo‐((S)‐Pro‐(R)‐Leu) (3) and seco‐((S)‐Pro‐(R)‐Val) (2) were isolated. The structures were determined on the basis of NMR and MS analysis, and the absolute configuration was determined by comparison of the optical rotation with known compounds.
Oligonucleotide Analogues with Integrated Bases and Backbone. Part 20
Authors: Peifer Manuel , De Giacomo Fabio , Schandl Martin , Vasella Andrea 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageHydrazide‐ and amide‐linked oligonucleoside analogues with integrated bases and backbone were designed to allow for a rapid synthesis of long and water‐soluble oligomers. The uracil‐, cytosine‐, and adenine‐derived hydrazide building blocks 13–15 were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution with the hydrazine 23 of the halides 19, 28, and 34, derived from the alcohols 18, 27, and 33, respectively, while the uracil‐, cytosine‐, and adenine‐derived amide building blocks 45–47 were synthesized by a Curtius degradation of the carboxylic acids 51, 56, and 61. These acids were obtained by Wittig reaction of the aldehydes 49, 53, and 58. The guanine‐derived monomers 44 and 48 were synthesized by reductive cyclisation of the nitroso amides 38 and 63, respectively, resulting from acylation of the known 2,6‐diamino‐4‐(benzyloxy)‐5‐nitrosopyrimidine (37).
Melatonin as a potential therapeutic agent in psychiatric illness
Authors: Maldonado Maria D. , Reiter Russel J. , Pérez‐San‐Gregorio Maria A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe aim of this review was to summarize the potential use of melatonin in the treatment of mental disorders, specifically bipolar disorders, depression, and schizophrenia. To date, melatonin has been most commonly used in psychiatry because of its hypnotic, rhythm resynchronizing, and antioxidant actions. Here, we examine other properties of the melatonin including its anti‐inflammatory, antinociceptive, anxiolytic, and drug detoxification actions as well as its protective effects against neural loss. The brain is an intricate sensory and motor organ which receives information from both the external and internal environments. It transduces information into complex chemical and electrical signals which are transmitted throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and the organism. The pathogenesis of mental disorders remains ambiguous and neuroinflammation has been proposed as a causative agent. We consider the potential contributions of melatonin as therapeutic agent in CNS and during neuroinflammation in mental disorders. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Melperone, an aytpical antipsychotic drug with clozapine‐like effect on plasma prolactin: contrast with typical neuroleptics
Authors: Bobo William V. , Jayathilake Karuna , Lee Myung A. , Meltzer Herbert Y. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of melperone, a butyrophenone with atypical antipsychotic properties, on plasma prolactin (PRL) concentrations compared with clozapine and typical neuroleptics.MethodsAnalysis of pre‐ and post‐treatment PRL levels collected prospectively per protocol in a non‐randomized study of 26 melperone‐, 76 clozapine‐, and 66 neuroleptic‐treated patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Cross‐sectional analysis of a larger sample of patients with PRL data was also performed.ResultsFor males, post‐treatment PRL levels were significantly higher in the typical neuroleptic group compared with the melperone (p = 0.0001) and clozapine (p = 0.0001) groups, with no significant difference between clozapine and melperone. For females, post‐treatment PRL levels were significantly higher in the melperone group as compared to the clozapine group (p = 0.004). There were too few typical neuroleptic‐treated females to permit analysis of this sample. However, the cross‐sectional analysis of PRL data confirmed the results for melperone‐ and clozapine‐treated females, and showed higher PRL levels in typical neuroleptic‐treated females as compared with those who received melperone and clozapine.ConclusionMelperone did not significantly increase PRL levels in male patients. However, melperone and typical neuroleptics caused increase in PRL levels in females. Further study of melperone's effects on PRL concentration is warranted. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A safety and tolerability laboratory study of the combination of aripiprazole and topiramate in volunteers who drink alcohol
Authors: Kenna George A. , Leggio Lorenzo , Swift Robert M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveThere are no reports examining the safety of taking both topiramate and aripiprazole together with alcohol. The ultimate aim for this research is to determine whether this combination is safe and is superior to either drug taken alone in reducing alcohol use in alcohol dependent patients.MethodThis was an open‐label trial. Thirteen heavy drinking participants not seeking treatment for alcoholism were randomized. Participants were titrated up to 300 mg of topiramate and 30 mg of aripiprazole a day over 35 days. Participants reported adverse events (AEs) daily alcohol use and participated in an alcohol challenge session (ACS).ResultsThe eight participants who completed the study achieved the maximum doses of drugs. The AEs of the drugs would suggest that the AEs profile is broader but not additive. Alcohol use from the 28 days before screening to the seven days before the ACS was reduced (p = 0.08).ConclusionThere was no evidence that AEs of aripiprazole and topiramate are additive and can, therefore, be administered safely together with a modest amount of alcohol. There was also a trend for a reduction of alcohol use by participants. This finding has implications for further investigation of this combination of drugs for alcohol dependence. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic variation and circulating levels of IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 in relation to risk of proliferative benign breast disease
Authors: Su Xuefen , Colditz Graham A. , Willett Walter C. , Collins Laura C. , Schnitt Stuart J. , Connolly James L. , Pollak Michael N. , Rosner Bernard , Tamimi Rulla M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and its major binding protein IGFBP‐3 have been implicated in breast carcinogenesis. We examined the associations between genetic variants and circulating levels of IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 with proliferative benign breast disease (BBD), a marker of increased breast cancer risk, in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII). Participants were 359 pathology‐confirmed proliferative BBD cases and 359 matched controls. Circulating IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 levels were measured in blood samples collected between 1996 and 1999. Thirty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IGF‐I, IGFBP‐1, and IGFBP‐3 genes were selected using a haplotype tagging approach and genotyped in cases and controls. Circulating IGF‐I levels were not associated with proliferative BBD risk. Higher circulating IGFBP‐3 levels were significantly associated with increased risk of proliferative BBD (highest vs. lowest quartile odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)], 1.70 (1.06–2.72); p‐trend = 0.03). The minor alleles of 2 IGFBP‐3 SNPs were associated with lower proliferative BBD risk (homozygous variant vs. homozygous wild‐type OR (95% CI): rs3110697: 0.6 (0.4–0.9), p‐trend = 0.02; rs2132570: 0.2 (0.1–0.6), p‐trend = 0.02). Three other IGFBP‐3 SNPs (rs2854744, rs2960436 and rs2854746) were significantly associated with circulating IGFBP‐3 levels (p < 0.01). Although these SNPs were not significantly associated with proliferative BBD risk, there was suggestive evidence that the alleles associated with higher circulating IGFBP‐3 levels were also associated with higher risk of proliferative BBD. These results suggest that genetic variants and circulating levels of IGFBP‐3 may play a role in the early stage of breast carcinogenesis.
Metabolic regulation and redox activity as mechanisms for angioprevention by dietary phytochemicals
Authors: Tosetti Francesca , Noonan Douglas M. , Albini Adriana 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe existence of active principles in numerous foods and beverages has been recognized by traditional medicines worldwide after centuries of empirical trial. Epidemiological studies support the concepts linking diet to survival, particularly in the incidence rates of specific cancers. Molecular studies have provided evidence that a wide range of food‐derived phytochemicals and other diet‐associated compounds or their synthetic derivatives represent a cornucopia of potential new compounds for prevention and treatment of chronic or acute diseases. Many have entered clinical practice or are under clinical testing. A remarkable property shared by several phytochemicals is the capacity to restrain inflammation and angiogenesis, two complex physiologic processes kept under control by strict rules, which can backfire in cancer and in pathologic conditions such as metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological disorders. We termed this concept “angioprevention”. Here, we discuss recent findings on the metabolic effects of several phytochemicals with anticancer properties. The different molecular targets shared by these compounds seem to converge on crosstalking signaling networks involved in controlling energy metabolism through a redox‐regulated code. The redox imbalance produced in the tissue microenvironment elicits an adaptive response that seems to provide cytoprotective effects potentially beneficial in cardiovascular and neurological disorders or energy balancing effects in metabolic disorders. However, in transformed and overt tumor cells, this redox imbalance favors cell death while curbing tumor inflammation and angiogenesis, thus engaging an overall antitumor response. These concepts provide a broader framework for pharmacological application of phytochemical‐derived drugs against cancer. © 2009 UICC
Common germline polymorphisms in COMT, CYP19A1, ESR1, PGR, SULT1E1 and STS and survival after a diagnosis of breast cancer
Authors: Udler Miriam S. , Azzato Elizabeth M. , Healey Catherine S. , Ahmed Shahana , Pooley Karen A. , Greenberg David , Shah Mitul , Teschendorff Andrew E. , Caldas Carlos , Dunning Alison M. , Ostrander Elaine A. , Caporaso Neil E. , Easton Douglas , Pharoah Paul D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAlthough preliminary evidence suggests that germline variation in genes involved in steroid hormone metabolism may alter breast cancer prognosis, this has not been systematically evaluated. We examined associations between germline polymorphisms in 6 genes involved in the steroid hormone metabolism and signaling pathway (COMT, CYP19A1, ESR1, PGR, SULT1E1, STS) and survival among women with breast cancer participating in SEARCH, a population‐based case–control study. Blood samples from up to 4,470 women were genotyped for 4 possible functional SNPs in CYP19A1 and 106 SNPs tagging the common variation in the remainder of the genes. The genotypes of each polymorphism were tested for association with survival after breast cancer diagnosis using Cox regression analysis. Significant evidence of an association was observed for a COMT polymorphism (rs4818 p = 0.016) under the codominant model. This SNP appeared to fit a dominant model better (HR = 0.80 95% CI: 0.69–0.95, p = 0.009); however, the result was only marginally significant after permutation analysis adjustment for multiple hypothesis tests (p = 0.047). To further evaluate this finding, somatic expression microarray data from 8 publicly available datasets were used to test the association between survival and tumor COMT gene expression; no statistically significant associations were observed. A correlated SNP in COMT, rs4860, has recently been associated with breast cancer prognosis in Chinese women in a dominant model. These results suggest that COMT rs4818, or a variant it tags, is associated with breast cancer prognosis. Further study of COMT and its putative association with breast cancer prognosis is warranted. © 2009 UICC
Housekeeping genes in prostate tumorigenesis
Authors: Byun Jinyoung , Logothetis Christopher J. , Gorlov Ivan P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHousekeeping (HK) genes are involved in basic cellular functions and tend to be constitutively expressed across various tissues and conditions. A number of studies have analyzed the value of HK genes as an internal standard for assessing gene expression, but the role of HK genes in cancer development has never been specifically addressed. In this study, we sought to evaluate the expression of HK genes during prostate tumorigenesis. We performed a meta‐analysis of gene expression during the transition from normal prostate (NP) to localized prostate cancer (LPC) (i.e., NP > LPC) and from localized to metastatic prostate cancer (MPC) (i.e., LPC > MPC). We found that HK genes are more likely to be differentially expressed during prostate tumorigenesis than is the average gene in the human genome, suggesting that prostate tumorigenesis is driven by modulation of the expression of HK genes. Cell‐cycle genes and proliferation markers were up‐regulated in both NP > LPC and LPC > MPC transitions. We also found that the genes encoding ribosomal proteins were up‐regulated in the NP > LPC and down‐regulated in the LPC > MPC transition. The expression of heat shock proteins was up‐regulated during the LPC > MPC transition, suggesting that in its advanced stages, prostate tumor is under cellular stress. The results of these analyses suggest that during prostate tumorigenesis, there is a period when the tumor is under cellular stress and, therefore, may be the most vulnerable and responsive to treatment. © 2009 UICC
The mechanisms underlying MMR deficiency in immunodeficiency‐related non‐Hodgkin lymphomas are different from those in other sporadic microsatellite instable neoplasms
Authors: Borie Claire , Colas Chrystelle , Dartigues Peggy , Lazure Thierry , Rince Patricia , Buhard Olivier , Folliot Patrick , Chalastanis Alexandra , Muleris Martine , Hamelin Richard , Mercier Dominique , Oliveira Carla , Seruca Raquel , Chadburn Amy , Leblond Véronique , Barete Stéphane , Gaïdano Gianluca , Martin Antoine , Gaulard Philippe , Fléjou1 Jean‐François , Raphael Martine , Duval Alex 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe spectrum of tumors showing microsatellite instability (MSI) has recently been enlarged to sporadic neoplasms whose incidence is favored in the context of chronic immunosuppression. We investigated the biological, therapeutic and clinical features associated with MSI in immunodeficiency‐related non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (ID‐RL). MSI screening was performed in 275 ID‐RL. MSI ID‐RL were further analyzed for MMR gene expression and for BRAF/KRAS mutations since these genes are frequently altered in MSI cancers. We also assessed the expression of O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), an enzyme whose inactivation has been reported in lymphomas and may help in the selection of MMR deficient clones. Unlike other sporadic MSI neoplasms, MSI ID‐RL (N = 17) presented with heterogeneous MMR defects and no MLH1 promoter methylation. About one third of these tumors presented with normal expression of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. They accumulated BRAF activating mutations (33%). Unlike other ID‐RL, MSI ID‐RL were primarily EBV‐negative NHL of T‐cell origin, and arose after long‐term immunosuppression in patients who received azathioprine as part of their immunosuppressive regimen (p = 0.05) and/or who exhibited methylation‐induced loss of expression of MGMT in tumor cells (p= 0.02). Overall, these results highlight that, in the context of deficient immune status, some MSI neoplasms arise through alternative mechanism when compared to other sporadic MSI neoplasms. They give the exact way how to make the diagnosis of MSI in these tumors and may help to define biological and clinicalrisk factors associated with their emergence in such a clinicalcontext. © 2009 UICC
N‐glycosylation status of β‐haptoglobin in sera of patients with colon cancer, chronic inflammatory diseases and normal subjects
Authors: Park Seung‐Yeol , Yoon Seon‐Joo , Jeong Yeon‐Tae , Kim Jin‐Man , Kim Ji‐Yeon , Bernert Bradford , Ullman Thomas , Itzkowitz Steven H. , Kim Jung‐Hoe , Hakomori Sen‐itiroh 
Published: June 2009

AbstractN‐glycosylation status of purified β‐haptoglobin from sera of 17 patients, and from sera of 14 healthy volunteer subjects, was compared by blotting with various lectins and antibodies. Patients in this study were diagnosed as having colon cancer through histological examination of each tumor tissue by biopsy. Blotting index of serum β‐haptoglobin with Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) was clearly higher for cancer patients than for healthy subjects. No such distinction was observed for blotting with three other lectins and two monoclonal antibodies. To determine tumor‐associated reactivity of AAL binding as compared to inflammatory processes in colonic tissues, β‐haptoglobin separated from sera of 5 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), and 4 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), was studied. All these cases, except one case of UC, showed AAL index lower than that in cancer cases, similarly to healthy subjects. The higher AAL binding of β‐haptoglobin in colon cancer patients than in healthy subjects appeared to be due to α‐L‐fucosyl residue, since it was eliminated by bovine kidney α‐fucosidase treatment. N‐linked glycans of serum haptoglobin from colon cancer patients vs. healthy subjects were released by N‐glycanase, fluorescence‐labeled, and subjected to normal‐phase high performance liquid chromatography (NP‐HPLC). Glycan structures were determined based on glucose unit (GU) values and their changes upon sequential treatment with various exoglycosidases. Glycosyl sequences and their branching status of glycans from 14 cases of serum β‐haptoglobin were characterized. The identified glycans were sialylated or nonsialylated, bi‐antennary or tri‐antennary structures, with or without terminal fucosylation.
Methylation of cystatin M promoter is associated with unfavorable prognosis in operable breast cancer
Authors: Kioulafa Magdalini , Balkouranidou Ioanna , Sotiropoulou Georgia , Kaklamanis Loukas , Mavroudis Dimitris , Georgoulias Vassilis , Lianidou Evi S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe methylation status of cystatin M (CST6) gene in breast tumors was investigated and its prognostic significance as a novel breast cancer biomarker was evaluated. Using methylation‐specific PCR (MSP), CST6 promoter methylation was examined in 134 formalin fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues (FFPEs): 10 pairs of breast tumors and their surrounding normal tissues, 10 breast fibroadenomas, 11 normal breast tissues and 93 breast tumors. Methylation of CST6 promoter was observed in 2/21 (9.5%) noncancerous breast tissues, 1/10 (10%) benign breast tumors (fibroadenomas) and 52 (55.9%) operable breast cancer tumor samples. CST6 was rarely methylated in the normal tissue surrounding the tumor (10%). During the follow‐up period, 24 (25.8%) patients relapsed and 19 (20.4%) died. CST6 methylation was detected in 19 (79.2%) of patients who relapsed and in 15 (78.9%) of patients who died. Disease‐free‐interval (DFI) and overall survival (OS) were significantly associated with CST6 promoter methylation (p = 0.004 and p = 0.001 respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that CST6 methylation is an independent prognostic factor for DFI (HR = 3.484; 95% CI: 1.155–10.511; p = 0.027). and OS (HR = 9.190; 95% CI: 1.989–42.454; p = 0.004). CST6 promoter methylation status in tumor cells seems to provide important prognostic information in operable breast cancer and merits to be further evaluated and validated in a larger cohort of patients. © 2009 UICC