bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ether metabolites by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lupton Sara J. , McGarrigle Barbara P. , Olson James R. , Wood Troy D. , Aga Diana S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ether (OH‐PBDEs) metabolites have the potential to cause endocrine disruption as well as other health effects. Currently, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after derivatization is used for the analysis of OH‐PBDEs. However, there is a need for the direct analysis of OH‐PBDEs at relatively low concentrations in environmental and biological samples. Liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/APCI‐MS/MS) was evaluated for the analysis of nine OH‐PBDEs, ranging from tri‐ to hexabrominated. Separation of the nine isomeric metabolites was achieved with reversed‐phase liquid chromatography, followed by detection by APCI‐MS in negative mode. Notably, a significant decrease in ionization was observed in 6‐hydroxyl‐substituted PBDE metabolites in the presence of anortho‐substituted bromine, relative to the other hydroxylated metabolites. This is probably due to the formation of dioxins in the source as a result of the high‐temperature conditions, which prevented ionization by hydrogen abstraction. The MS/MS experiments also provided evidence of the neutral losses of HBr and Br2, indicating the possible use of neutral loss scanning and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) for the screening of brominated metabolites in samples. The applicability of LC/APCI‐MS/MS was demonstrated for the analysis of metabolites of BDEs 47 and 99 formed in human liver microsomes. The LC/APCI‐MS/MS method was able to detect metabolites that had previously been identified by GC/MS following derivatization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matrix‐free laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using silicon glancing angle deposition (GLAD) films
Authors: Jemere Abebaw B. , Bezuidenhout Louis W. , Brett Michael J. , Harrison D. Jed 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGlancing angle deposition (GLAD) was used to fabricate nanostructured silicon (Si) thin films with highly controlled morphology for use in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (DIOS‐MS). Peptides, drugs and metabolites in the mass range of 150–2500 Da were readily analyzed. The best performance was obtained with 500 nm thick films deposited at a deposition angle of 85°. Low background mass spectra and attomole detection limits were observed with DIOS‐MS for various peptides. Films used after three months of dry storage in ambient conditions produced mass spectra with negligible low‐mass noise following a 15 min UV‐ozone treatment. The performance of the Si GLAD films was as good as or better than that reported for electrochemically etched porous silicon and related materials, and was superior to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)‐MS for analysis of mixtures of small molecules between 150–2500 Da in terms of background chemical noise, detection limits and spot‐to‐spot reproducibility. The spot‐to‐spot reproducibility of signal intensities (100 shots/spectrum) from 21 different Si GLAD film targets was ±13% relative standard deviation (RSD). The single shot‐to‐shot reproducibility of signals on a single target was ±19% RSD (n = 7), with no indication of sweet spots or mute spots. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the structural diversity of Shiga toxin glycosphingolipid receptors in lymphoid and myeloid cells determined by nanoelectrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Hoffmann Petra , Hülsewig Marcel , Duvar Sevim , Ziehr Holger , Mormann Michael , Peter‐Katalinić Jasna , Friedrich Alexander W. , Karch Helge , Müthing Johannes 
Published: July 2010

AbstractShiga toxin (Stx, synonymous to verotoxin, VT) binds with high and low affinity to the globo‐series neutral glycosphingolipids (GSLs), globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer or Galα4Galβ4Glcβ1Cer, also known as CD77) and globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer or GalNAcβ3Galα4Galβ4Glcβ1Cer), respectively, which represent the targets of Stxs on many different cell types. B‐cell‐derived Raji cells and THP‐1 cells of monocytic origin are widely used for the investigation of Stx‐mediated cellular response, because Stx is known to cause cell death in both cell lines. Despite their functional importance, the Stx receptors of Raji and THP‐1 cells have so far not been investigated. This prompted us to explore the structures of their GSL receptors in detail by means of nanoelectrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (nanoESI‐QTOF‐MS) with collision‐induced dissociation (CID) in conjunction with Stx1 as well as anti‐Gb3Cer and anti‐Gb4Cer antibodies. Using the combination of a thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) overlay assay and MS1 and MS2 analysis we identified Gb3Cer (d18:1, C24:1/C24:0) as the prevalent Stx1‐receptor accompanied by less abundant Gb3Cer (d18:1, C16:0) in the neutral GSL fraction of Raji cells. The same Gb3Cer species but with almost equal proportions of the C24:1/C24:0 and C16:0 variants were found in THP‐1 cells. In addition, unusual hydroxylated Gb3Cer (d18:1, C24:1/C24:0) and Gb3Cer (d18:1, C26:1) could be identified in trace quantities in both cell lines. As the most obvious difference between Raji and THP‐1 cells we observed the expression of Gb4Cer in THP‐1 cells, whereas Raji cells failed to express this elongation product of Gb3Cer. Both short‐ and long‐chain fatty acid carrying Gb4Cer (d18:1, C16:0) and Gb4Cer (d18:1, C24:1/C24:0), respectively, were the prevalent Gb4Cer variants. This first report on the differential expression of Gb3Cer and Gb4Cer and their structural diversity in lymphoid and myeloid cell lines supports the hypothesis that such heterogeneities might play a functional role in the molecular assembly of GSLs in membrane organization and cellular signaling of Stx‐susceptible cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometric characterization of urinary metabolites of the selective androgen receptor modulator andarine (S‐4) for routine doping control purposes
Authors: Thevis Mario , Thomas Andreas , Fußhöller Gregor , Beuck Simon , Geyer Hans , Schänzer Wilhelm 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSelective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are potent anabolic agents with tissue‐selective properties. Due to their potential misuse in elite sport, the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) has prohibited SARMs since 2008, and although no representative drug candidate has yet received full clinical approval, recent findings of SARMs illegally sold via the internet have further supported the need to efficiently test for these compounds in doping controls. In the present communication, the mass spectrometric characterization of urinary metabolites of the SARM Andarine (also referred to as S‐4) compared with earlier in vitro and animal studies is reported. Liquid chromatography interfaced to high‐resolution/high‐accuracy (tandem) mass spectrometry was used to identify phase I and II metabolites, confirming the predicted target analytes for sports drug testing purposes including the glucuronic acid conjugates of the active drug, its monohydroxylated and/or deacetylated product, the hydrolysis product resulting from the removal of the compound's B‐ring, as well as the sulfate of the monohydroxylated and the deacetylated phase I metabolite. The obtained data will support future efforts to effectively screen for and confirm the misuse of the non‐approved drug candidate Andarine. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying the silver‐tube introduction method for thermal conversion elemental analyses and a new δ2H value for NBS 22 oil
Authors: Coplen Tyler B. , Qi Haiping 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe δ2HVSMOW–SLAP value of total hydrogen of the international measurement standard NBS 22 oil was determined by a new method of sealing water in silver tubes for use in a thermal conversion elemental analysis (TC/EA) reduction unit. The isotopic fractionation of water due to evaporation is virtually non‐existent in this silver‐tube method. A new value for the δ2HVSMOW–SLAP of NBS 22 oil, calibrated with isotopic reference waters, was determined to be −116.9 ± 0.8‰ (1σ and n = 31). Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visual inspection of hydroelectric dams using an autonomous underwater vehicle
Authors: Ridao Pere , Carreras Marc , Ribas David , Garcia Rafael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an automated solution to the visual inspection problem of hydroelectric dams. A small autonomous underwater vehicle, controllable in four degrees of freedom (surge, sway, heave, and yaw), is used for autonomously exploring the wall of a dam. The robot is easily programmed using a mission control language. Missions are executed by an intelligent control architecture that guides the robot to follow a predefined path surveying the wall. During the mission, the robot gathers onboard navigation data synchronized with optical imagery, sonar, and absolute navigation data, obtained from a moored buoy equipped with an ultra‐short baseline system. After the mission, the images of the wall are used to build a photomosaic of the inspected area. First, image features are matched over the image sequence. Then, navigation data and interimage correspondences are optimized together using bundle adjustment techniques. Thus, a georeferenced globally aligned set of images is obtained. Finally, a blending algorithm is used to obtain smooth seam transitions among the different images that constitute the mosaic, compensating for light artifacts and improving the visual perception of the scene. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Urban high school students' learning about HIV/AIDS in different contexts
Authors: Brotman Jennie S. , Mensah Felicia Moore , Lesko Nancy 
Published: July 2010

AbstractScience education researchers increasingly focus on the use of controversial science topics in the classroom to prepare students to make personal and societal decisions about these issues. However, researchers infrequently investigate the diverse ways in which students learn about controversial science topics outside the classroom, and how these interact with school learning. Therefore, this study uses qualitative, ethnographic research methods to investigate how 20 high school students attending a New York City public school learn about a particular controversial science topic—HIV/AIDS—in different contexts, as well as how different sources of learning interact. In addition to finding that learning about HIV/AIDS happens across seven contexts of students' lives in diverse ways, including and beyond school settings, this study finds that students integrate learning that happens in these different contexts to shape their understandings and perspectives on HIV/AIDS issues. These findings are used to discuss the place of school learning within students' thinking about HIV/AIDS, highlighting ways in which students both value and discount their school learning in relation to other sources of learning. On the basis of our analysis, we make suggestions for bringing different sources of learning into the classroom to facilitate critical analysis of controversial science topics. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95: 87–120, 2011
Comparative effectiveness research: Policy context, methods development and research infrastructure
Authors: Tunis Sean R. , Benner Joshua , McClellan Mark 
Published: July 2010

AbstractComparative effectiveness research (CER) has received substantial attention as a potential approach for improving health outcomes while lowering costs of care, and for improving the relevance and quality of clinical and health services research. The Institute of Medicine defines CER as ‘the conduct and synthesis of systematic research comparing different interventions and strategies to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor health conditions. The purpose of this research is to inform patients, providers, and decision‐makers, responding to their expressed needs, about which interventions are most effective for which patients under specific circumstances.’ Improving the methods and infrastructure for CER will require sustained attention to the following issues: (1) Meaningful involvement of patients, consumers, clinicians, payers, and policymakers in key phases of CER study design and implementation; (2) Development of methodological ‘best practices’ for the design of CER studies that reflect decision‐maker needs and balance internal validity with relevance, feasibility and timeliness; and (3) Improvements in research infrastructure to enhance the validity and efficiency with which CER studies are implemented. The approach to addressing each of these issues should be informed by the understanding that the primary purpose of CER is to help health care decision makers make informed clinical and health policy decisions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint modeling of performance and subjective reporting to assess sensitivity to drug‐induced sleepiness
Authors: Fiedler James , Feiveson Alan H. , Hayat Matthew J. , Vaksman Zalman , Boyd Jason L. , Putcha Lakshmi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn an NASA ground study, two forms of cognitive tests were evaluated in terms of their sensitivity to sleepiness induced by the drug promethazine (PMZ). Performance for the two test modes (Y1 and Y2), PMZ concentration, and a self‐reported sleepiness using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) were monitored for 12 h post dose. A problem arises when using KSS to establish an association between true sleepiness and performance because KSS scores are discrete and also because they tend to concentrate on certain values. Therefore, we define a latent sleepiness measure X* as an unobserved continuous random variable describing a subject's actual state of sleepiness. Under the assumption that drug concentration affects X*, which then affects Y1, Y2, and KSS, we use Bayesian methods to estimate joint equations that permit unbiased comparison of the performance measures' sensitivity to X*. The equations incorporate subject random effects and include a negativity constraint on subject‐specific slopes of performance with respect to sleepiness. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Savoy Hotel enhancement Part I: south façade
Authors: Bieker Cornelia 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Savoy is London’s landmark hotel located on the Thames Embankment between Waterloo Bridge and Westminster. It was closed in December 2007 and an auction was held — broadcasted worldwide on TV — to sell many pieces of the hotel’s original furniture and art. This marked the starting point for the complete refurbishment of the hotel which will soon come to an end.A major part of the refurbishment was the work on the south façade. This Grade II listed façade is hung back from cantilevered existing lattice trusses which are supported by a 1000 mm thick brick wall. To open up the rooms to the river front, this wall was replaced by a six‐storey moment frame. In order to achieve this, the existing lattice trusses had to be underpinned and therefore temporary steel towers had to be installed first.These works are described in this paper. Other structural works, such as the installation of a large ornate glass dome, necessary due to alterations to existing steel trusses, will be published in Part II.
The Ardant truss: a forgotten rival of the well‐known Polonceau truss
Authors: de Bouw Michael , Wouters Ine , Lauriks Leen , Collette Quentin , Younes Abdelrahman Hussein 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn 1839 the engineer Camille Polonceau invented the structurally efficient Polonceau truss. However, for a long time architects refused to leave iron structures exposed in public buildings for aesthetical reasons. Despite this, engineers acknowledged the ample structural opportunities of iron roofs, which urged them to experiment with curved trusses in order to avoid the bar roof trusses so reminiscent of industrial buildings. Nevertheless, today everyone knows the Polonceau truss, whereas few are familiar with its aesthetical counterpart: the Ardant truss.This curved roof truss makes use of an inscribed arch, tangential and framed to the principal rafters of a gable roof, in order to add rigidity to the roof structure and avoid interfering tension ties. According to the spirit of those times, this solution with its high decorative potential seemed to provide a satisfying answer to both the aesthetical as well as the structural problems of iron roof trusses in public buildings. Subsequently, it was used many times in swimming pools, stock exchange buildings, schools, platform coverings, palaces, malls, etc.In Belgium it was widely used to span the central covered courtyard of the Brussels model schools which were built between 1875 and 1920 and which were very innovative with regard to their architecture, educational policy, hygiene, heating and ventilation techniques, safety, etc.This paper deals with the ongoing debates on the efficiency and aesthetics of iron architecture in the 19th and 20th centuries by analysing the truss designs of three Brussels model schools.
Ultimate strength of duplex stainless steel plates under uniaxial compression
Authors: Miyoshi Takao , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Nara Satoshi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper discusses the ultimate compressive strength of stainless steel plates made from JIS SUS329J3L duplex stainless steel (EN 1.4462). Firstly, based on coupon test results for SUS329J3L, the applicability of the existing constitutive equation for SUS329J3L is confirmed and the validity of a numerical analysis incorporating the equation shown in comparison with the results of compression testing for a stiffened stainless steel plate. Secondly, the ultimate compressive strength of simply supported plates and outstanding plates made from SUS329J3L is examin ed by way of a numerical analysis and compared with that of JIS SM570 structural carbon steel. Finally, the ultimate compressive strength of plates made from SUS329J3L is discussed in relation to existing ultimate strength curves.
Spatial systems for modelling steel‐concrete composite bridges — comparison of grillage systems and FE models
Authors: Vayas Ioannis , Adamakos Theodoros , Iliopoulos Aristidis 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPlane grillages and finite element models are widely used for the design of bridges. In a grillage idealization the entire superstructure of the bridge is suitably represented by different sets of bar elements. On the other hand, the finite element method makes use of plane and solid elements for the three‐dimensional representation of the structure. Although these models are generally accepted as sufficiently accurate, they are associated with some drawbacks. To overcome the difficulties of plane grillage and finite element analyses, a new way of modelling steel composite bridges is presented in this paper. The proposed model is based on the simulation of steel I‐girders through the use of equivalent trusses. The concrete slab is represented by a set of bar elements and the bearings by the use of appropriate springs. Diaphragms and stiffeners may also be taken into account.This new way of modelling composite bridges using a spatial system of beam‐like structural elements allows deformations and internal forces to be predicted reliably, and can be used for dynamic and stability analysis. Worked examples are also provided to illus trate the setup procedure for 3D modelling and to compare the different analysis methods. The work presented in this paper is part of a research project investigating the modelling of steel and composite bridges which is being carried out at the National Technical University of Athens.
Seismic performance of sheet steel deck in shear diaphragm design
Authors: Engleder Thomas , Gould William G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article outlines the current experimental research activities of Hilti with respect to the seismic performance of sheet steel decks in shear diaphragm designs. Hilti’s vast range of products includes steel screws as well as powder‐actuated nails and tools for the fastening of sheet steel decks and sandwich panels on steel structures. Common designs in North America include shear diaphragms constructed with sheet steel deck which is fastened to thin steel bar joists and structural steel framing supports. In contrast to Europe, most of the fastenings (approx. 85 %) are still made using of arc‐spot puddlewelds, the rest are mechanically fastened.The objective of this ongoing research project is to prove the suitability and performance of such mechanically fastened diaphragm systems when subjected to seismic loading. Therefore, static and dynamic testing of these assemblies are carried out in the “Fastening Systems Research Laboratory” at Hilti headquarters in Schaan, which has been awarded DAP accreditation (DAP, German Accreditation System for Testing — DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025). Static preliminary tests provide the calibration data for the seismic load protocol developed by Prof. Robert Tremblay (University of Montreal, Canada).The results of multiple tests using different sheet metal thicknesses and fastening patterns confirm the ductile behaviour of such constructions.
Major Histocompatibility Complex-I Expression on Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Vascular Progenitor Cells Is Critical for Syngeneic Transplant Survival
Authors: Ma Mingchao , Ding Shunli , Lundqvist Andreas , San Hong , Fang Fang , Konoplyannikov Mikhail , Berry Colin , Beltran Leilani E. , Chen Guibin , Kovacic Jason C. , Boehm Manfred 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Donor–recipient cell interactions are essential for functional engraftment after nonautologous cell transplantation. During this process, transplant engraftment is characterized and defined by interactions between transplanted cells with local and recruited inflammatory cells. The outcome of these interactions determines donor cell fate. Here, we provide evidence that lineage-committed embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived vascular progenitor cells are the target of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-dependent, natural killer (NK) cell-mediated elimination in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with interferon γ was found to significantly upregulate MHC class I expression on ESC-derived vascular progenitor cells, rendering them less susceptible to syngeneic NK cell-mediated killing in vitro and enhancing their survival and differentiation potential in vivo. Furthermore, in vivo ablation of NK cells led to enhanced progenitor cell survival after transplantation into a syngeneic murine ischemic hindlimb model, providing additional evidence that NK cells mediate ESC-derived progenitor cell transplant rejection. These data highlight the importance of recipient immune–donor cell interactions, and indicate a functional role for MHC-I antigen expression during successful ESC-derived syngeneic transplant engraftment.