bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A modified CLC‐T resonant converter with inherent constant current ‐ constant voltage battery charging
Authors: Narla John Merlin Mary , Satyan Shelas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFrequency‐modulated (FM) resonant converters are widely used in onboard battery chargers for constant current (CC) ‐ constant voltage (CV) charging of lithium‐ion batteries in electric vehicles. One of the significant challenges of FM converters is that they require precise control of current followed by voltage to avoid risks due to overcurrents and overvoltages. Also, there is an increased backflow current, peak current stress, magnetic losses, and switching losses when the frequency of operation is away from the resonant frequency. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a modified CLC‐T resonant converter that operates only at resonant switching frequency but has an inherent smooth transition from CC to CV for battery charging. During CC charging, the resonant tank is CLC‐T, and the secondary circuit is a full‐bridge rectifier. As the battery voltage increases and reaches the rated value, the secondary diodes enter into cut‐off mode, modifying the secondary circuit into a half‐bridge rectifier. Thus, the resonant tank is automatically converted to CL, and there is a shift into CV charging. During the entire charging operation, the switches and diodes are soft‐switched. The switches attain either near‐zero phase angle or zero‐voltage switching operation, whereas the diodes attain zero‐current switchings. A hardware prototype of 400 V input and 320–420 V output battery charger was developed, tested, and validated in the laboratory. The highest efficiency of the overall charging system is 97.4%.
Technical review of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided drainage/anastomosis and trans‐endosonographically created route procedures for the treatment of pancreatic diseases
Authors: Tomishima Ko , Isayama Hiroyuki , Suzuki Akinori , Ishii Shigeto , Takahashi Sho , Fujisawa Toshio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEndoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided pancreatic duct drainage includes two procedures: EUS‐guided drainage/anastomosis (EUS‐D/A) and trans‐papillary drainage with EUS‐assisted pancreatic rendezvous. EUS‐guided pancreatogastrostomy is the most common EUS‐D/A procedure and is recommended as a salvage procedure in cases in which endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography fails or is difficult. However, initial EUS‐D/A is performed in patients with surgically altered anatomy at our institution. It is one of the most difficult interventional EUS procedures and has a high incidence of adverse events. The technical difficulties differ according to etiology, and the incidence of adverse events varies between initial EUS‐D/A and subsequent trans‐endosonographically/EUS‐guided created route procedures. Hence, it is important to meticulously prepare a procedure based on the patient's condition and the available devices. The technical difficulties in EUS‐D/A include: (1) determination of the puncture point, (2) selection of a puncture needle and guidewire, (3) guidewire manipulation, and (4) dilation of the puncture route and stenting. Proper technical procedures are important to increase the success rate and reduce the incidence and severity of adverse events. The complexity of EUS‐D/A is also contingent on the severity of pancreatic fibrosis and stricture. In post‐pancreatectomy cases, determination of the puncture site is important for success because of the remnant pancreas. Trans‐endosonographically/EUS‐guided created route procedures following initial EUS‐D/A are also important for achieving the treatment goal. This article focuses on effective strategies for initial EUS‐D/A, based on the etiology and condition of the pancreas. We mainly discuss EUS‐D/A, including its indications, techniques, and success‐enhancing strategies.
African dryland antelope trade‐off behaviours in response to heat extremes
Authors: Berry Paul , Dammhahn Melanie , Hauptfleisch Morgan , Hering Robert , Jansen Jakob , Kraus Anna , Blaum Niels 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClimate change is predicted to narrow the prescriptive zone of dryland species, potentially leading to behavioural modifications with fitness consequences. This study explores the behavioural responses of three widespread African antelope species—springbok, kudu and eland—to extreme heat in a dryland savanna. We classified the behaviour of 29 individuals during the hot, dry season on the basis of accelerometer data using supervised machine learning and analysed the impact of afternoon heat on behaviour‐specific time allocation and overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA), a proxy for energy expenditure, along with compensatory changes over the 24‐hour cycle. Extreme afternoon heat reduced feeding time in all three antelope species, increased ruminating and resting time, while only minimally affecting walking time. With rising heat, all three species reduced ODBA on feeding, while eland reduced and kudu increased ODBA on walking. Diel responses in behaviour differed between species, but were generally characterised by daytime reductions in feeding and increases in ruminating or resting on hot days compared to cool days. While antelope compensated for heat‐driven behavioural change over the 24‐hour cycle in some cases, significant differences persisted in others, including reduced feeding and increased rumination and resting. The impact of heat on antelope behaviour reveals trade‐offs between feeding and thermoregulation, as well as between feeding and rumination, the latter suggesting a strategy to enhance nutrient uptake through increased digestive efficiency, while the walking response suggests narrow constraints between cost and necessity. Our findings suggest that heat influences both behaviour‐specific time allocation and energy expenditure. Altered diel behaviour patterns and incomplete compensation over the 24‐hour cycle point to fitness consequences. The need to prioritise thermoregulation over feeding is likely to narrow the prescriptive zone of these dryland antelope.
Differential impacts of land‐use change on multiple components of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) pollination success
Authors: Rockow David J. , Martel Carlos , Arceo‐Gómez Gerardo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLand‐use change is one the greatest threats to biodiversity and is projected to increase in magnitude in the coming years, stressing the importance of better understanding how land‐use change may affect vital ecosystem services, such as pollination. Past studies on the impact of land‐use change have largely focused on only one aspect of the pollination process (e.g., pollinator composition, pollinator visitation, and pollen transfer), potentially misrepresenting the full complexity of land‐use effects on pollination services. Evaluating the impacts across multiple components of the pollination process can also help pinpoint the underlying mechanisms driving land‐use change effects. This study evaluates how land‐use change affects multiple aspects of the pollination process in common milkweed populations, including pollinator community composition, pollinator visitation rate, pollen removal, and pollen deposition. Overall, land‐use change altered floral visitor composition, with small bees having a larger presence in developed areas. Insect visitation rate and pollen removal were also higher in more developed areas, perhaps suggesting a positive impact of land‐use change. However, pollen deposition did not differ between developed and undeveloped sites. Our findings highlight the complexity evaluating land‐use change effects on pollination, as these likely depend on the specific aspect of pollination evaluated and on the of the intensity of disturbance. Our study stresses the importance of evaluating multiple components of the pollination process in order to fully understand overall effects and mechanisms underlying land‐use change effects on this vital ecosystem service.
A multispecies hierarchical model to integrate count and distance‐sampling data
Authors: Gilbert Neil A. , Blommel Caroline M. , Farr Matthew T. , Green David S. , Holekamp Kay E. , Zipkin Elise F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntegrated community models—an emerging framework in which multiple data sources for multiple species are analyzed simultaneously—offer opportunities to expand inferences beyond the single‐species and single‐data‐source approaches common in ecology. We developed a novel integrated community model that combines distance sampling and single‐visit count data; within the model, information is shared among data sources (via a joint likelihood) and species (via a random‐effects structure) to estimate abundance patterns across a community. Parameters relating to abundance are shared between data sources, and the model can specify either shared or separate observation processes for each data source. Simulations demonstrated that the model provided unbiased estimates of abundance and detection parameters even when detection probabilities varied between the data types. The integrated community model also provided more accurate and more precise parameter estimates than alternative single‐species and single‐data‐source models in many instances. We applied the model to a community of 11 herbivore species in the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, and found considerable interspecific variation in response to local wildlife management practices: Five species showed higher abundances in a region with passive conservation enforcement (median across species: 4.5× higher), three species showed higher abundances in a region with active conservation enforcement (median: 3.9× higher), and the remaining three species showed no abundance differences between the two regions. Furthermore, the community average of abundance was slightly higher in the region with active conservation enforcement but not definitively so (posterior mean: higher by 0.20 animals; 95% credible interval: 1.43 fewer animals, 1.86 more animals). Our integrated community modeling framework has the potential to expand the scope of inference over space, time, and levels of biological organization, but practitioners should carefully evaluate whether model assumptions are met in their systems and whether data integration is valuable for their applications.
Factors Governing Chemoselectivity in Alkanolamines: A Panoramic Overview
Authors: Sahoo Jigyansa , Panda Jeetendra , Mandal Sukanya , Sahoo Gokarneswar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe most challenging aspect of chemical synthesis has always been attainment of high chemoselectivity levels. This review will provide a panoramic view on how the innate reactivity of two nearly reactive functional groups (−O/‐N) can be controlled or reversed for the chemoselective functionalisation in alkanolamines. A comprehensive compilation of reports encasing various methodologies developed to accomplish selective O/N functionalisation in amino alcohols has been documented. In this review, we go over a number of findings that have been studied in recent decades using a variety of synthetic approaches. To help us organize and emphasize the important ideas that have been emerging as a result of these research, we have concentrated on the suggested mechanistic basis of the reactions that are being surveyed.
Measurement and analysis of ionic leakage profiles in refrigerated human red blood cells using dielectrophoresis and inductively coupled mass spectroscopy
Authors: Lavi Edwin D. , Gagnon Zachary 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHuman red blood cells (RBCs) undergo ionic leakage through passive diffusion during refrigerated storage, affecting their quality and health. We investigated the dynamics of ionic leakage in human RBCs over a 20‐day refrigerated storage period using extracellular ion quantification and dielectrophoresis (DEP). Four type O− human blood donors were examined to assess the relationship between extracellular ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Fe2+), RBC cytoplasm conductivity, and membrane conductance. A consistent negative correlation between RBC cytoplasm conductivity and membrane conductance, termed the “ionic leakage profile” (ILP), was observed across the 20‐day storage period. Specifically, we noted a gradual decline in DEP‐measured RBC cytoplasm conductivity alongside an increase in membrane conductance. Further examination of the electrical origins of this ILP using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed a relative decrease in extracellular Na+ concentration and an increase in K+ concentration over the storage period. Correlation of these extracellular ion concentrations with DEP‐measured RBC electrical properties demonstrated a direct link between changes in the cytoplasmic and membrane domains and the leakage and transport of K+ and Na+ ions across the cell membrane. Our analysis suggests that the inverse correlation between RBC cytoplasm and membrane conductance is primarily driven by the passive diffusion of K+ from the cytoplasm and the concurrent diffusion of Na+ from the extracellular buffer into the membrane, resulting in a conductive reduction in the cytoplasmic domain and a subsequent increase in the membrane. The ILP's consistent negative trend across all donors suggests that it could serve as a metric for quantifying blood bank storage age, predicting the quality and health of refrigerated RBCs.
In‐plane and out‐of‐plane seismic performance and damage evaluation of reinforced concrete shear wall structures subjected to mainshock‐aftershock sequences
Authors: Cheng Yang , He Haoxiang , Sun Haoding , Cao Qing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the seismic performance of reinforced concrete shear walls in in‐plane and out‐of‐plane directions under single main shock and mainshock‐aftershock sequences. Two shear wall specimens were designed for low cycle load tests to withstand in‐plane, in‐plane then out‐of‐plane (IP‐OP), out‐plane, and out‐of‐plane then in‐plane (OP‐IP) forces, respectively. The seismic performance of shear walls under different forces was assessed by analyzing macroscopic failure phenomena and the novel performance parameters of specimens, following which their damage status was evaluated. The specimens were simulated using finite element software, and two frame shear wall structural systems were designed so that non‐linear time history analysis could be performed to assess the deformation and damage to the shear walls in the two directions of the plane under a single main impact and different input directions of mainshock‐aftershock sequences. The results revealed that following damage in the in‐plane direction of the shear wall, seismic capacity decreased significantly if it was subjected to a force in the out‐of‐plane direction once again, and the degree of damage under the earthquake action of mainshock‐aftershock sequences was significantly higher than that under the single main shock action. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the seismic performance of the out‐of‐plane direction of the shear walls and examine the seismic performance of the structural system under different input directions of mainshock‐aftershock sequences.
Study on blast‐induced cracks penetration characteristics of double water jet slotted boreholes
Authors: Su Dengfeng , Chen Xingming , Chen Banghong , Li Zhengguo , Zhao Li , Zhu Qiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStudying the penetration characteristics of blast‐induced cracks during double water jet slotted boreholes blasting is theoretically and practically significant since it acts both by the “superposition effect” of explosion‐induced stress waves and the “guiding effect” of water jet slots. A combination of experimental testing and numerical simulation was adopted to investigate the transmission law of explosion‐induced stress waves and the propagation law of blast‐induced cracks first. Then the penetration characteristics of blast‐induced cracks was analyzed according to rock blasting theory and rock fracture mechanics theory. The results indicate that the rock between the two boreholes is mainly subjected to a tensile failure mode due to the combined effect of the “superposition effect” of explosion‐induced stress wave and the “guiding effect” of water jet slot during double water jet slotted boreholes blasting. The hole spacing significantly affects the penetration mode of blast‐induced cracks during double water jet slotted boreholes blasting, and unless it reaches a certain value, a single flat through‐crack will form between two slotted boreholes. In addition, when the blast‐induced cracks successfully penetrate each other, the hole spacing of double water jet slotted boreholes increases by 33.3% compared with that of double circular boreholes under the same conditions. The research results can provide guidance for the application of directional controlled blasting technology with water jet assistance.
Lead‐free perovskite Cs2NaGaBr6 n‐i‐p solar cell for higher power conversion efficiency to improved energy storage performance
Authors: Gupta Neha , Gupta Ravi , Jain Aditya , Gupta Rajeev , Choudhary Bharat , Kumar Kaushal , Goyal Amit Kumar , Massoud Yehia , Kumar Ajay 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is important to enhance the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to improve the energy storage performance within a time frame. In this study, a lead‐free perovskite Cs2NaGaBr6 n‐i‐p solar cell is presented for higher PCE to improve energy storage performance. Keeping the toxicity of lead‐based perovskite in mind we have made attempts to study the characteristics of n‐i‐p solar cells based on lead‐free double halide perovskite Cs2NaGaBr6 novel material. In the proposed photovoltaic framework, M21+N2+N3+X61− as a double perovskite material is used, where N2+ = Na, M21+ = Cs, N3+ = Ga, and X61− = Br. The Cs2NaGaBr6 is an organic‐inorganic perovskite material because of its direct band gap structure with a band gap of 1.762 eV. The solar cell proposed in the present framework has achieved a higher efficiency of 26.09% with optimized parameters specific to device design in terms of different absorber layer thicknesses (0.6–1.2 μm), and absorber layer doping concentrations (1 × 1018 cm−3 to 1 × 1022 cm−3). In the present study, improved results are obtained such as electric field, current density, energy band profile, generation and recombination factor, quantum efficiency, and generation/ recombination factor by suitably varying the absorber layer thicknesses and absorber layer doping concentrations. Additionally, many parameters related to the photovoltaic performance of solar cells such as Jsc (19.535 mA/cm2), Voc (1.775 V), FF (91.35%), and PCE (η) (27.81%) have been evaluated in the present study. Therefore, the device, that is, solar cell based on lead‐free double halide perovskite Cs2NaGaBr6 novel material, proposed in the present study may be used to manufacture much more efficient lead‐free perovskites for photovoltaic applications and also improve the energy storage performance within a time frame.
Strategies for overcoming resistance to Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor zanubrutinib
Authors: Dostálová Hana , Kryštof Vladimír 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of B‐cell malignancies. They target BTK, a key effector in the B‐cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, crucial for B‐cell survival and proliferation. The first‐in‐class irreversible BTK inhibitor, ibrutinib, was approved for various B‐cell malignancies but has limitations due to off‐target effects. Second‐generation inhibitors, such as acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib, offer improved selectivity and reduced side effects. However, resistance to BTK inhibitors, driven by BTK mutations, remains a challenge. Combinatorial therapies with PI3K inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, BH3 mimetics, and anti‐CD20 antibodies show promise in overcoming resistance. Noncovalent BTK inhibitors and proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are emerging strategies with potential to combat resistance. Overall, advancements in BTK‐targeted therapies provide hope for improved outcomes in patients with B‐cell malignancies and a promising avenue to address drug resistance. Further research is needed to optimize combination therapies and identify optimal treatment regimens.
Characterization and classification of pathogenic bacteria using native fluorescence and spectral deconvolution
Authors: Sundaramoorthy Anandh , Bharanidharan Ganesan , Prakasarao Aruna , Ganesan Singaravelu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIdentification and classification of pathogenic bacterial strains is of current interest for the early treatment of diseases. In this work, protein fluorescence from eight different pathogenic bacterial strains were characterized using steady state and time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The spectral deconvolution method was also employed to decompose the emission contribution from different intrinsic fluorophores and extracted various key parameters, such as intensity, emission maxima, emission line width of the fluorophores, and optical redox ratio. The change in average lifetime values across different bacterial strains exhibits good statistical significance (p ≤ 0.01). The variations in the photophysical characteristics of bacterial strains are due to the different conformational states of the proteins. The stepwise multiple linear discriminate analysis of fluorescence emission spectra at 280 nm excitation across eight different bacterial strains classifies the original groups and cross validated group with 100% and 99.5% accuracy, respectively.
Establishment of Reference Range for Serum Concentration of Vitamin A and Vitamin E in Southern Sichuan Area of China
Authors: Ye Qiang , Zhong Qiang , Huang Guoping , Zhang Wen 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo establish the reference range of serum concentration of vitamin A (VA) and vitamin E (VE) in Southern Sichuan area of China.MethodsFrom August 1, 2021, to May 31, 2023, 9482 blood tablets were received for the screening of VA and VE. The information was divided into four different age groups: ≤1 year old, 1< to ≤6 years, 6< to ≤17 years, and 17< to ≤59 years. In each age group, the four seasons were further subdivided into spring, summer, autumn, and winter, as well as male and female genders. The serum concentration of VA and VE was detected by liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS), and the reference range was established for verification.ResultsThe concentration of VA and VE in 9482 cases showed skewed distribution. When comparing between different age groups, the serum concentration of VA and VE was statistically significant (p < 0.05). While comparing different seasons, the serum VA levels in different seasons were significantly different (p < 0.05) except in summer and autumn. There was statistical significance in VE level in different seasons (p < 0.05). And while comparing different genders, there was no statistical significance in VA concentration levels (p > 0.05). The VE concentration levels were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The established reference range was established and verified, and the results were in accordance with the standard.ConclusionThe reference range of VA and VE should be set according to different ages, different seasons, and different genders.