bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C*-Convexity and Matricial Ranges
Authors: Farenick D. R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractC* -convex sets in matrix algebras are convex sets of matrices in which matrix-valued convex coefficients are admitted along with the usual scalar-valued convex coefficients. A Carathéodory-type theorem is developed for C*-convex hulls of compact sets of matrices, and applications of this theorem are given to the theory of matricial ranges. If T is an element in a unital C*-algebra , then for every n ∈ N, the n x n matricial range Wn(T) of T is a compact C* -convex set of n x n matrices. The basic relation W1(T) = conv σ-(T) is well known to hold if T exhibits the normal-like quality of having the spectral radius of β T + μ 1 coincide with the norm ||β T + μ 1|| for every pair of complex numbers β and μ. An extension of this relation to the matrix spaces is given by Theorem 2.6: Wn (T) is the C*-convex hull of the n x n matricial spectrum σn(T) of T if, for every B,M ∈ ℳn, the norm of T ⊗ B + 1 ⊗ M in ⊗ ℳn is the maximum value in {||∧⊗B + 1 ⊗M|| : Λ ∈ σn (T)}. The spatial matricial range of a Hilbert space operator is the analogue of the classical numerical range, although it can fail to be convex if n > 1. It is shown in § 3 that if T has a normal dilation N with σ (N) ⊂ σ (T), then the closure of the spatial matricial range of T is convex if and only if it is C*-convex.
Local Minimality of a Lipschitz Extremal
Authors: Zeidan Vera 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper the question of weak and strong local optimality of a Lipschitz (as opposed to C1 ) extremal is addressed. We show that the classical Jacobi sufficient conditions can be extended to the case of Lipschitz candidates. The key idea for this achievement lies in proving that the “generalized” strengthened Weierstrass condition is equivalent to the existence of a “feedback control” function at which the maximum in the “true” Hamiltonian is attained. Then the Hamilton-Jacobi approach is pursued in order to conclude the result.
A Segal-Langevin Type Stochastic Differential Equation on a Space Of Generalized Functionals
Authors: Kallianpur Gopinath , Mitoma Itaru 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLet E′ be the dual of a nuclear Fréchet space E and L*(t) the adjoint operator of a diffusion operator L(t) of infinitely many variables, which has a formal expression:A weak form of the stochastic differential equationdX(t) = dW(t) + L*(t)X(t)dtis introduced and the existence of a unique solution is established. The solution process is a random linear functional (in the sense of I. E. Segal) on a space of generalized functionals on E′. The above is an appropriate model for the central limit theorem for an interacting system of spatially extended neurons. Applications to the latter problem are discussed.
A Set-Valued Generalization of Fan's Best Approximation Theorem
Authors: Ding Xie Ping , Tan Kok-Keong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLet (E, T) be a Hausdorff topological vector space whose topological dual separates points of E, X be a non-empty weakly compact convex subset of E and W be the relative weak topology on X. If F: (X, W) → 2(E,T) is continuous (respectively, upper semi-continuous if £ is locally convex), approximation and fixed point theorems are obtained which generalize the corresponding results of Fan, Park, Reich and Sehgal-Singh-Smithson (respectively, Ha, Reich, Park, Browder and Fan) in several aspects.
Class Numbers of Real Quadratic Fields, Continued Fractions, Reduced Ideals, Prime-Producing Quadratic Polynomials and Quadratic Residue Covers
Authors: Louboutin S. , Mollin R. A. , Williams H. C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper we consider the relationship between real quadratic fields, their class numbers and the continued fraction expansion of related ideals, as well as the prime-producing capacity of certain canonical quadratic polynomials. This continues and extends work in [10]–[31] and is related to work in [3]–[4].
Fixed Point Theorem and Nonlinear Ergodic Theorem for Nonexpansive Semigroups Without Convexity
Authors: Takahashi Wataru 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe first prove a nonlinear ergodic theorem for nonexpansive semigroups without convexity in a Hilbert space. Further we prove a fixed point theorem for non-expansive semigroups without convexity which generalizes simultaneously fixed point theorems for left amenable semigroups and left reversible semigroups.
The Ramsey Property for Families of Graphs Which Exclude a Given Graph
Authors: Rödl V. , Sauer N. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFor graphs A, B and a positive integer r, the relation means that whenever Δ is an r-colouring of the vertices of A, then there is an embedding ϕ of B into A such that Δ ∘ ϕ is constant. A class of graphs has the Ramsey property if, for every , there is an such that . For a given finite graph G, let Forb(G) denote the class of all finite graphs which do not embed G. It is known that, if G is 2-connected, then Forb() has the Ramsey property, and Forb(G) has the Ramsey property if and only if Forb(G) also has the Ramsey property. In this paper we show that if neither G nor its complement is 2-connected, then either (i) G has a cut point adjacent to every other vertex, or (ii) G has a cut point adjacent to every other vertex except one. We show that Forb(G) has the Ramsey property if G is a path of length 2 or 3, but that Forb(G) does not have the Ramsey property if (i) holds and G is not the path of length 2.
Best Polynomial Approximation with Linear Constraints
Authors: Pan K. , Saff E. B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLet A be a (k + 1) × (k + 1) nonzero matrix. For polynomials p ∈ Pn, set and . Let E ⊂ C be a compact set that does not separate the plane and f be a function continuous on E and analytic in the interior of E. Set and . Our goal is to study approximation to f on E by polynomials from Bn(A). We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions on the matrix A for the convergence En(A,f) → 0 to take place. These results depend on whether zero lies inside, on the boundary or outside E and yield generalizations of theorems of Clunie, Hasson and Saff for approximation by polynomials that omit a power of z. Let be such that . We also study the asymptotic behavior of the zeros of and the asymptotic relation between En(f) and En(A,f).
Classification of Atomic Facially Symmetric Spaces
Authors: Friedman Yaakov , Russo Bernard 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA Banach space satisfying some physically significant geometric properties is shown to be the predual of a JBW*–triple. If one considers the unit ball of this Banach space as the state space of a physical system, the result shows that the set of observables is equipped with a natural ternary algebraic structure. This provides a spectral theory and other tools for studying the quantum mechanical measuring process
Generic Results for Cocycles with Values in a Semidirect Product
Authors: Dajani Karma 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLet A α B be the semidirect product of two local compact Hausdorff topological groups. We prove that for a nonsingularergodic automorphism T of a Lebesgue probability space, a generic cocycle taking values in A α B is nontrivial and recurrent.
The Analytic Rank of a Family of Elliptic Curves
Authors: Mai Liem 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe study the family of elliptic curves Em X3 + Y3 = m where m is a cubefree integer.The elliptic curves Em with even analytic rank and those with odd analytic rank are proved to be equally distributed. It is proved that the number of cubefree integers m ≤ X such that the analytic rank of Em is even and ≥ 2 is at least CX2/3-ε, where ε is arbitrarily small and C is a positive constant, for X large enough. Therefore, if we assume the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, the number of all cubefree integers m ≤ X such that the equation X3 + Y3 = m have at least two independent rational solutions is at least CX2/3-ε.
Fraction-Dense Algebras and Spaces
Authors: Hager Anthony W. , Martinez Jorge 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA fraction-dense (semi-prime) commutative ring A with 1 is one for which the classical quotient ring is rigid in its maximal quotient ring. The fractiondense ƒ- rings are characterized as those for which the space of minimal prime ideals is compact and extremally disconnected. For archimedean lattice-ordered groups with this property it is shown that the Dedekind and order completion coincide. Fractiondense spaces are defined as those for which C(X) is fraction-dense. If X is compact, then this notion is equivalent to the coincidence of the absolute of X and its quasi-F cover. R-embeddings of Tychonoff spaces are re-introduced and examined in the context of fraction-density.
Subgradient Criteria for Monotonicity, The Lipschitz Condition, and Convexity
Authors: Clarke F. H. , Stern R. J. , Wolenski P. R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLet ƒ H → (—∞,∞] be lower semicontinuous, where H is a real Hilbert space. An approach based upon nonsmooth analysis and optimization is used in order to characterize monotonicity of ƒ with respect to a cone, as well as Lipschitz behavior and constancy. The results, which involve hypotheses on the proximal subgradient ∂ πƒ, specialize on the real line to yield classical characterizations of these properties in terms of the Dini derivate. They also give new extensions of these results to the multidimensional case. A new proof of a known characterization of convexity in terms of proximal subgradient monotonicity is also given.
Abstract Witt Rings When Certain Binary Forms Represent Exactly Four Elements
Authors: Cordes Craig M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn abstract Witt ring (R, G) of positive characteristic is known to be a group ring S[Δ] with ﹛1﹜ ≠ Δ ⊆ G if and only if it contains a form〈1,x〉, x ≠1, which represents only the two elements 1 and x. Carson and Marshall have characterized all Witt rings of characteristic 2 which contain binary forms representing exactly four elements. Such results which show R is isomorphic to a product of smaller rings are helpful in settling the conjecture that every finitely generated Witt ring is of elementary type. Here, some special situations are considered. In particular if char(R) = 8, |D〈l, 1〉| = 4, and R contains no rigid elements, then R is isomorphic to the Witt ring of the 2-adic numbers. If char(R) = 4, |D〈l,a〉| = 4 where a ∈ D〈1, 1〉, and R contains no rigid elements, then R is either a ring of order 8 or is the specified product of two Witt rings at least one of which is a group ring. In several cases R is realized by a field.
The A.S. Limit Distribution of the Longest Head Run
Authors: Móri Tamás F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIt is well known that the length Zn of the longest head run observed in n tosses with a fair coin is approximately equal to log2n with a stochastically bounded remainder term. Though — log2n does not converge in law, in the present paper it is shown to have almost sure limit distribution in the sense of the a. s. central limit theorem having been studied recently. The results are formulated and proved in a general setup covering other interesting problems connected with patterns and runs such as the longest monotone block or the longest tube of a random walk.
Existence of Invariant Weak Units in Banach Lattices: Countably Generated Left Amenable Semigroup of Operators
Authors: Prabaharan K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLet Σ be a countably generated left amenable semigroup and ﹛Tσ|σ ∈ Σ﹜ be a representation of Σ as a semigroup of positive linear operators on a weakly sequentially complete Banach lattice E with a weak unit e. It is assumed Tσ are uniformly bounded. It is shown that a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a weak unit invariant under ﹛Tσ | σ ∈ Σ﹜ is that inf σ∈Σ H(Tσe) > 0 for all nonzero H in the positive dual cone of E.
Tauberian- and Convexity Theorems for Certain (N,p,q)-Means
Authors: Kiesel Rüdiger , Stadtmüller Ulrich 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe summability fields of generalized Nörlund means (N,p*α,p), α ∈ Ν, are increasing with a and are contained in that of the corresponding power series method (P,p). Particular cases are the Cesàro- and Euler-means with corresponding power series methods of Abel and Borel. In this paper we generalize a convexity theorem, which is well-known for the Cesàro means and which was recently shown for the Euler means to a large class of generalized Nörlund means.
Topologizing Different Classes of Real Functions
Authors: Ciesielski Krzysztof 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine which classesof functions fromcan be topologized in a sense that there exist topologies τ1and τ2onandrespectively, such thatis equal to the class C(τ1, τ2) of all continuous functions. We will show that the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis GCH implies the positive answer for this question for a large number of classes of functionsfor which the sets {x : f(x) = g(x)} are small in some sense for all f, g ∈f ≠ g. The topologies will be Hausdorff and connected. It will be also shown that in some model of set theory ZFC with GCH these topologies could be completely regular and Baire. One of the corollaries of this theorem is that GCH implies the existence of a connected Hausdorff topology T onsuch that the class L of all linear functions g(x) = ax + b coincides with. This gives an affirmative answer to a question of Sam Nadler. The above corollary remains true for the classof all polynomials, the classof all analytic functions and the class of all harmonic functions.We will also prove that several other classes of real functions cannot be topologized. This includes the classes of C∞functions, differentiable functions, Darboux functions and derivatives.
On Dihedral Galois Coverings
Authors: Tokunaga Hiro-o 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
In this paper, we shall give a method in constructing dihedral Galois
covering with prescribed branch locus. As an application, we shall look into
dihedral Galois covering of P2, where torsion elements of the
Mordell-Weil group of an elliptic surface play key roles in constructing
coverings
Asymptotic Monotonicity of the Relative Extrema of Jacobi Polynomials
Authors: Wong R. , Zhang J.-M. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
If μk,n
(α,β) denotes the relative extrema of the
Jacobi polynomial P(α,β)
n(x), ordered so that
μ

k+1,n
(α,β) lies to the left of μ
k,n
(α,β), then R. A. Askey has conjectured
twenty years ago that for

for k = 1,…,
n — 1 and n = 1,2,=. In
this paper, we give an asymptotic expansion for μ

k,n
(α,β) when k is
fixed and n → ∞, which corrects an earlier result of R.
Cooper (1950). Furthermore, we show that Askey's conjecture is true at least in
the asymptotic sense.
Factorization of Positive Invertible Operators in af Algebras
Authors: Huang Houben , Hudson Timothy D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe examine the problem of factoring a positive invertible operator in an AF C*-algebra as T*T for some invertible operator T with both T and T-1 in a triangular AF subalgebra. A factorization theorem for a certain class of positive invertible operators in AF algebras is proven. However, we explicitly construct a positive invertible operator in the CAR algebra which cannot be factored with respect to the 2∞ refinement algebra. Our main result generalizes this example, showing that in any AF algebra, there exist positive invertible operators which fail to factor with respect to a given triangular AF subalgebra. We also show that in the context of AF algebras, the notions of having a factorization and having a weak factorization are the same.
A Dilation and Norm in Several Variable Operator Theory
Authors: Binding Paul , Farenick D. R. , Li Chi-Kwong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFor every m-tuple of operators acting on a Hilbert space, it is shown that there exists a common dilation of these operators to mcommuting normal operators on some larger Hilbert space. We then introduce a norm on the m-fold cartesian product of ℬ(ℋ) that is defined to be, for a given w-tuple, the infimum of the joint spectral radii of all joint normal dilations of the m operators. This norm has several good features, one of which is that it is invariant under the passage to adjoints.
Generalized Stirling Numbers, Convolution Formulae and p, q-Analogues
Authors: Médicis Anne de , Leroux Pierre 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we study two generalizations of the Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds, inspired from their combinatorial interpretation in terms of 0-1 tableaux. They are the 𝔄-Stirling numbers and the partial Stirling numbers. In particular, we give a q and a p, q-analogue of convolution formulae for Stirling numbers of the second kind, due to Chen and Verde-Star, and we extend these formulae to Stirling numbers of the first kind. Included in this study are the a, d-progressive Stirlingnumbers, corresponding to 0-1 tableaux with column lengths from an arithmetic progression ﹛a + id﹜i≥0.
Free Extensions of Chiral Polytopes
Authors: Schulte Egon , Weiss Asia Ivić 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAbstract polytopes are discrete geometric structures which generalize the classical notion of a convex polytope. Chiral polytopes are those abstract polytopes which have maximal symmetry by rotation, in contrast to the abstract regular polytopes which have maximal symmetry by reflection. Chirality is a fascinating phenomenon which does not occur in the classical theory. The paper proves the following general extension result for chiral polytopes. If 𝒦 is a chiral polytope with regular facets 𝓕 then among all chiral polytopes with facets 𝒦 there is a universal such polytope 𝓟, whose group is a certain amalgamated product of the groups of 𝒦 and 𝓕. Finite extensions are also discussed.
Free E0-Semigroups
Authors: Fowler Neal J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGiven a strongly continuous semigroup of isometries ∪ acting on a Hilbert space ℋ, we construct an E0-semigroup α∪, the free E0-semigroup over ∪, acting on the algebra of all bounded linear operators on full Fock space over ℋ. We show how the semigroup αU⊗V can be regarded as the free product of α∪ and αV. In the case where U is pure of multiplicity n, the semigroup au, called the Free flow of rank n, is shown to be completely spatial with Arveson index +∞. We conclude that each of the free flows is cocycle conjugate to the CAR/CCR flow of rank +∞.
Closed Ideals in a Convolution Algebra of Holomorphic Functions
Authors: Brück Rainer , Müller Jürgen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe consider the usual topological vector space H(G) of all functions holomorphic in a region G ⊂ ℂ. If G satisfies certain conditions, it is possible to introduce the Hadamard product as multiplication in H(G), and then H(G) turns out to be a commutative topological algebra. In [5] we characterized the invertible elements in H(G), and the aim of this paper is to study the closed ideals and some further questions.
A Bernstein-Schoenberg Type Operator: Shape Preserving and Limiting Behaviour
Authors: Goodman T. N. T. , Sharma A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractUsing a new B-spline basis due to Dahmen, Micchelli and Seidel, we construct a univariate spline approximation operator of Bernstein-Schoenberg type. We show that it shares all the shape preserving properties of the usual Bernstein-Schoenberg operator and we derive a Voronovskaya type asymptotic error estimate.
On the Fundamental Lemma for Standard Endoscopy: Reduction to Unit Elements
Authors: Hales Thomas C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe fundamental lemma for standard endoscopy follows from the matching of unit elements in Hecke algebras. A simple form of the stable trace formula, based on the matching of unit elements, shows the fundamental lemma to be equivalent to a collection of character identities. These character identities are established by comparing them to a compact-character expansion of orbital integrals.
Rational Hauptmoduls are Replicable
Authors: Cummins C. J. , Norton S. P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIt is shown that if ƒ is a Hauptmodul with rational integer coefficients for a group G < PGL2(ℚ)+, of genus zero, containing a with finite index and z ⟼ z+k precisely when k is an integer, then ƒ is replicable. Examples of such functions are given by the Moonshine functions described by Conway and Norton [CN].
Analytic Properties of Power Product Expansions
Authors: Gingold H. , Knopfmacher A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLetƒ(z) be a complex function analytic in some neighbourhood of the origin withƒ(0) = 1. It is known thatƒ(z) admits a unique "power product" expansion of the formconvergent near zero. We derive a simple direct bound for the radius of convergence of this product expansion in terms of the coefficients ofƒ(z). In addition we show that the same bound holds in the case of "inverse power product" expansionsExamples are given for which these bounds are sharp. We show also that products with nonnegative coefficients have the same radius of convergence as their corresponding series.
The Topological Nature of Two Noguchi Theorems on Sequences of Holomorphic Mappings Between Complex Spaces
Authors: Joseph James E. , Kwack Myung H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLet C,D,D* be, respectively, the complex plane, {z ∈ C : |z| < 1}, and D — {0}. If P1(C) is the Riemann sphere, the Big Picard theorem states that if ƒ:D* → P1(C) is holomorphic and P1(C) → ƒ(D*) n a s more than two elements, then ƒ has a holomorphic extension . Under certain assumptions on M, A and X ⊂ Y, combined efforts of Kiernan, Kobayashi and Kwack extended the theorem to all holomorphic ƒ: M → A → X. Relying on these results, measure theoretic theorems of Lelong and Wirtinger, and other properties of complex spaces, Noguchi proved in this context that if ƒ: M → A → X and ƒn: M → A → X are holomorphic for each n and ƒn → ƒ, then . In this paper we show that all of these theorems may be significantly generalized and improved by purely topological methods. We also apply our results to present a topological generalization of a classical theorem of Vitali from one variable complex function theory.
ImbeddingC1intoH1
Authors: Tie Jingzhi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article gives a direct proof of Theorem 7.58 of Greiner [4]. This result implies that the classical Mikhlin-Calderón-Zygmund calculus for the principal value convolution operators on ℂ is, in a natural way, the limit of the Laguerre calculus for principal value convolution operators on ℍ1= ℂ x ℝ.
Moore Cohomology and Central Twisted Crossed Product C*-Algebras
Authors: Packer Judith A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLet G be a locally compact second countable group, let X be a locally compact second countable Hausdorff space, and view C(X, T) as a trivial G-module. For G countable discrete abelian, we construct an isomorphism between the Moore cohomology group Hn(G, C(X, T)) and the direct sum Ext(Hn-1(G), Ȟl(βX, Ζ)) ⊕ C(X, Hn(G, T)); here Ȟ1 (βX, Ζ) denotes the first Čech cohomology group of the Stone-Čech compactification of X, βX, with integer coefficients. For more general locally compact second countable groups G, we discuss the relationship between the Moore group H2(G, C(X, T)), the set of exterior equivalence classes of element-wise inner actions of G on the stable continuous trace C*-algebra C0(X) ⊗ 𝒦, and the equivariant Brauer group BrG(X) of Crocker, Kumjian, Raeburn, and Williams. For countable discrete abelian G acting trivially on X, we construct an isomorphism is the group of equivalence classes of principal Ĝ bundles over X first considered by Raeburn and Williams.
C*-Algebras from Smale Spaces
Authors: Putnam Ian F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe consider the C*-algebras constructed from certain hyperbolic dynamical systems. The construction, due to Ruelle, generalizes the C*-algebras of Cuntz and Krieger. We discuss relations between the C*-algebras, show the existence of natural asymptotically abelian systems and investigate the K-theory and E-theory of these C*-algebras.