bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cinema, Supernatural Archaeology, and the Hidden Human Past
Authors: Hiscock Peter 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Close analysis of modern movies reveals — yet archaeologists and historians have failed to understand — that the dominant representation of archaeological research and ancient human culture in mainstream cinema involves explorations of supernatural objects and events. Cinematic archaeology tends to be mythic rather than realistic in focus. Movies frequently present images of the human past that are pseudoarchaeological in the sense that these films tell the same stories as ‘alternative archaeology,’ even though they may not make an explicit claim to the truthfulness of the events depicted. This pattern is documented through a review of films employing the ancient astronaut model in which visiting aliens changed human development in the past, and through an examination of the work of writer/director Roland Emmerich who has specialized in those films. The cinematic history of these narratives is long, demonstrating that cinema does not merely reproduce popular pseudoarchaeological research, it has also contributed to the growth of these stories.
Testing and Diagnosing the Ability of the Bureau of Meteorology’s Numerical Weather Prediction Systems to Support Prediction of Solar Energy Production
Authors: Gregory Paul A. , Rikus Lawrie J. , Kepert Jeffrey D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe ability of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology’s numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems to predict solar exposure (or insolation) was tested, with the aim of predicting large-scale solar energy several days in advance. The bureau’s Limited Area Prediction System (LAPS) and Mesoscale Assimilation model (MALAPS) were examined for the 2008 calendar year. Comparisons were made with estimates of solar exposure obtained from satellites for the whole Australian continent, as well as site-based exposure observations taken at eight locations across Australia. Monthly-averaged forecast solar exposure over Australia showed good agreement with satellite estimates; the day-to-day exposure values showed some consistent biases, however. Differences in forecast solar exposure were attributed to incorrect representation of convective cloud in the tropics during summer as well as clouds formed by orographic lifting over mountainous areas in southeastern Australia. Comparison with site-based exposure observations was conducted on a daily and hourly basis. The site-based exposure measurements were consistent with the findings from the analysis against satellite data. Hourly analysis at selected sites confirmed that models predicted the solar exposure accurately through low-level clouds (e.g., cumulus), provided that the forecast cloud coverage was accurate. The NWP models struggle to predict solar exposure through middle and high clouds formed by ice crystals (e.g., altocumulus). Sites located in central Australia showed that the monthly-averaged errors in daily solar exposure forecast by the NWP systems were within 5%–10%, up to two days in advance. These errors increased to 20%–30% in the tropics and coastal areas.
ARNT controls the expression of epidermal differentiation genes through HDAC- and EGFR-dependent pathways
Authors: Robertson E. Douglas , Weir Lynda , Romanowska Malgorzata , Leigh Irene M. , Panteleyev Andrey A. 
Published: April 2012

Previously we showed that spatial and developmental modulation of ARNT (HIF1β) expression in mouse epidermis is essential for maintenance of keratinocyte differentiation, proper formation of the barrier and normal desquamation.
Here, using lentiviral suppression or induction of ARNT in TERT-immortalized (N-TERT) and HaCaT cells we assessed the nature and mechanisms of ARNT involvement in control of differentiation in human epidermal keratinocytes. ARNT depletion did not affect the levels of basal keratins K5/14 but significantly induced expression of several key differentiation markers (an effect abolished by EGF supplementation). Furthermore, ARNT deficiency resulted in the downregulation of amphiregulin (AREG) - the most highly expressed EGFR ligand in human keratinocytes, whilst upregulation of ARNT showed the opposite. In ARNT-deficient monolayer cultures and 3D epidermal equivalents the downregulation of AREG was concurrent with a decline of EGFR and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. TSA, a potent suppressor of HDAC activity, abolished the effects of ARNT deficiency implying a role for HDACs in ARNT-dependent modulation of AREG/EGFR pathway and downstream epidermal genes. Total HDAC activity was significantly increased in ARNT-depleted cells and decreased with ARNT overexpression. ARNT-dependent shifts in HDAC activity were specifically attributed to significant changes in the levels of HDAC 1, 2 and 3 proteins (but not mRNA) in both monolayer and 3D cultures.
Collectively our results suggest that ARNT controls AREG expression and the downstream EGFR/ERK pathway in keratinocytes at least in part by modulating HDAC activity. This novel regulatory pathway targeting advanced stages of epidermal differentiation may have important implications for skin pathology such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and cancer.
Grb2 mediates semaphorin-4D-dependent RhoA inactivation
Authors: Sun Tianliang , Krishnan Rameshkumar , Swiercz Jakub M. 
Published: April 2012

Summary
Signaling through the semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) receptor plexin-B1 is modulated by its interaction with tyrosine kinases ErbB-2 and Met. In cells expressing the plexin-B1–ErbB-2 receptor complex, ligand stimulation results in the activation of small GTPase RhoA and stimulation of cellular migration. By contrast, in cells expressing plexin-B1 and Met, ligand stimulation results in an association with the RhoGTPase-activating protein p190 RhoGAP and subsequent RhoA inactivation – a process that involves the tyrosine phosphorylation of plexin-B1 by Met. Inactivation of RhoA is necessary for Sema4D-mediated inhibition of cellular migration. It is, however, unknown how plexin-B1 phosphorylation regulates RhoGAP interaction and activity. Here we show that the activation of plexin-B1 by Sema4D and its subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation by Met creates a docking site for the SH2 domain of growth factor receptor bound-2 (Grb2). Grb2 is thereby recruited into the plexin-B1 receptor complex and, through its SH3 domain, interacts with p190 RhoGAP and mediates RhoA deactivation. Phosphorylation of plexin-B1 by Met and the recruitment of Grb2 have no effect on the R-RasGAP activity of plexin-B1, but are required for Sema4D-induced, RhoA-dependent antimigratory effects of Sema4D on breast cancer cells. These data show Grb2 as a direct link between plexin and p190-RhoGAP-mediated downstream signaling.
Opposite and redundant roles of the two Drosophila perilipins in lipid mobilization
Authors: Bi Junfeng , Xiang Yanhui , Chen Haiyang , Liu Zhonghua , Grönke Sebastian , Kühnlein Ronald P. , Huang Xun 
Published: April 2012

Summary
Lipid droplets are the main lipid storage sites in cells. Lipid droplet homeostasis is regulated by the surface accessibility of lipases. Mammalian adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) are two key lipases for basal and stimulated lipolysis, respectively. Perilipins, the best known lipid droplet surface proteins, can either recruit lipases or prevent the access of lipases to lipid droplets. Mammals have five perilipin proteins, which often exhibit redundant functions, precluding the analysis of the exact role of individual perilipins in vivo. Drosophila have only two perilipins, PLIN1/LSD-1 and PLIN2/LSD-2. Previous studies revealed that PLIN2 is important for protecting lipid droplets from lipolysis mediated by Brummer (BMM), the Drosophila homolog of ATGL. In this study, we report the functional analysis of PLIN1 and Drosophila HSL. Loss-of-function and overexpression studies reveal that unlike PLIN2, PLIN1 probably facilitates lipid mobilization. HSL is recruited from the cytosol to the surface of lipid droplets under starved conditions and PLIN1 is necessary for the starved induced lipid droplet localization of HSL. Moreover, phenotypic analysis of plin1;plin2 double mutants revealed that PLIN1 and PLIN2 might have redundant functions in protecting lipid droplets from lipolysis. Therefore, the two Drosophila perilipins have both opposite and redundant roles. Domain swapping and deletion analyses indicate that the C-terminal region of PLIN1 confers functional specificity to PLIN1. Our study highlights the complex roles of Drosophila perilipin proteins and the evolutionarily conserved regulation of HSL translocation by perilipins.
TRC40 can deliver short secretory proteins to the Sec61 translocon
Authors: Johnson Nicholas , Vilardi Fabio , Lang Sven , Leznicki Pawel , Zimmermann Richard , High Stephen 
Published: April 2012

SummaryWhilst the co-translational translocation of nascent proteins across the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is well defined, the capacity of this organelle for post-translational translocation is poorly delineated. Here we identify two human secretory protein precursors, apelin and statherin, as bona fide substrates for post-translational translocation across the ER membrane. Further studies, in combination with Hyalophora cecropia preprocecropin A (ppcecA), show that all three proteins bind to TRC40 and can utilise this component for their delivery to the ER membrane in a well-established in vitro system. However, ppcecA is not an obligate TRC40 substrate, and it can also be delivered to the ER by an alternative TRC40-independent pathway. Upon arrival at the ER membrane, these short secretory proteins appear to be ubiquitously transported across the ER membrane through the Sec61 translocon, apparently irrespective of their delivery route. We speculate that the post-translational translocation of secretory proteins in higher eukaryotes is more prevalent than previously acknowledged.
Presynaptic PI3K activity triggers the formation of glutamate receptors at neuromuscular terminals of Drosophila
Authors: Jordán-Álvarez Sheila , Fouquet Wernher , Sigrist Stephan J. , Acebes Angel 
Published: April 2012

Summary
Synapse transmission depends on the precise structural and functional assembly between pre- and postsynaptic elements. This tightly regulated interaction has been thoroughly characterised in vivo in the Drosophila glutamatergic larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) synapse, a suitable model to explore synapse formation, dynamics and plasticity. Previous findings have demonstrated that presynaptic upregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) increases synapse number, generating new functional contacts and eliciting changes in behaviour. Here, we show that genetically driven overexpression of PI3K in the presynaptic element also leads to a correlated increase in the levels of glutamate receptor (GluRII) subunits and the number of postsynaptic densities (PSDs), without altering GluRII formation and assembly dynamics. In addition to GluRIIs, presynaptic PI3K activity also modifies the expression of the postsynaptic protein Discs large (Dlg). Remarkably, PI3K specifically overexpressed in the final larval stages is sufficient for the formation of NMJ synapses. No differences in the number of synapses and PSDs were detected when PI3K was selectively expressed in the postsynaptic compartment. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PI3K-dependent synaptogenesis plays an instructive role in PSD formation and growth from the presynaptic side.
SUMOylation of HNF4α regulates protein stability and hepatocyte function
Authors: Zhou Wenli , Hannoun Zara , Jaffray Ellis , Medine Claire N. , Black James R. , Greenhough Sebastian , Zhu Liang , Ross James A. , Forbes Stuart , Wilmut Ian , Iredale John P. , Hay Ronald T. , Hay David C. 
Published: April 2012

Summary
The coordination of signalling pathways within the cell is vital for normal human development and post-natal tissue homeostasis. Gene expression and function is therefore tightly controlled at a number of levels. We investigated the role that post-translational modifications play during human hepatocyte differentiation. In particular, we examined the role of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins in this process. We used a human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-based model of hepatocyte differentiation to follow changes in protein SUMOylation. Moreover, to confirm the results derived from our cell-based system, we performed in vitro conjugation assays to characterise SUMO modification of a key liver-enriched transcription factor, HNF4α. Our analyses indicate that SUMOylation plays an important role during hepatocellular differentiation and this is mediated, in part, through regulation of the stability of HNF4α in a ubiquitin-dependent manner. Our study provides a better understanding of SUMOylation during human hepatocyte differentiation and maturation. Moreover, we believe the results will stimulate interest in the differentiation and phenotypic regulation of other somatic cell types.
Nuclear p120 catenin unlocks mitotic block of contact-inhibited human corneal endothelial monolayers without disrupting adherent junctions
Authors: Zhu Ying-Ting , Chen Hung-Chi , Chen Szu-Yu , Tseng Scheffer C. G. 
Published: April 2012

Summary
Contact inhibition ubiquitously exists in non-transformed cells that are in contact with neighboring cells. This phenomenon explains the poor regenerative capacity of in vivo human corneal endothelial cells during aging, injury and surgery. This study demonstrated that the conventional approach of expanding human corneal endothelial cells by disrupting contact inhibition with EDTA followed by bFGF activated canonical Wnt signaling and lost the normal phenotype to endothelial–mesenchymal transition, especially if TGFβ1 was added. By contrast, siRNA against p120 catenin (CTNND1) also uniquely promoted proliferation of the endothelial cells by activating trafficking of p120 catenin to the nucleus, thus relieving repression by nuclear Kaiso. This nuclear p120-catenin–Kaiso signaling is associated with activation of RhoA–ROCK signaling, destabilization of microtubules and inhibition of Hippo signaling, but not with activation of Wnt–β-catenin signaling. Consequently, proliferating human corneal endothelial cells maintained a hexagonal shape, with junctional expression of N-cadherin, ZO-1 and Na+/K+-ATPase. Further expansion of human corneal endothelial monolayers with a normal phenotype and a higher density was possible by prolonging treatment with p120 catenin siRNA followed by its withdrawal. This new strategy of perturbing contact inhibition by selective activation of p120-catenin–Kaiso signaling without disrupting adherent junction could be used to engineer surgical grafts containing normal human corneal endothelial cells to meet a global corneal shortage and for endothelial keratoplasties.
Editorial Column—Education: Our Most Important Service Sector
Authors: Larson Richard C. 
Published: April 2012

{Excerpt] Education as a service industry is crying out for serious research. Smaller service segments of the economy, like retail, banking, supply chains and logistics, have received the attention of many researchers over the past half-century. Research in the health sector has been in the tens of billions of dollars, especially in inventing new medical treatments including pharmaceuticals, but nothing analogous has occurred in education. The research arm of the U.S. Department of Education (DOE), the Institute of Education Sciences, has an annual budget of about $160 million. There are about 56 million k-12 school children in the U.S. So, the DOE research devoted to education is less than three dollars per child per year. The picture at NSF is brighter, with an annual budget of its Directorate for Education and Human Resources of approximately $750 million, including tertiary as well as k-12 education. So, there is room for optimism going forward. Still, we would wager that education is at or near the bottom of the top ten U.S. service industries in research dollars spent per percentage unit of GDP. This may be due in part to the relatively smaller private sector in educational services as compared to other services. [Service Science, ISSN 2164-3962 (print), ISSN 2164-3970 (online), was published by Services Science Global (SSG) from 2009 to 2011 as issues under ISBN 978-1-4276-2090-3.]
From System Science – A New Way to Structure and Manage the Company for Sustainable Success
Authors: Christopher William F. 
Published: April 2012

This paper proposes a system science restructuring of today's management practices. The paper discusses what we have learned from system science that gives us a new and different understanding of what the company is, and how it works; and a new way of understanding the world outside the company where company success is created. System science restructures management practices at a new level of understanding; structuring the company to achieve its purpose, and changing and very much improving the way the company is managed. Stafford Beer's viable system model is a useful model for this restructuring. [Service Science, ISSN 2164-3962 (print), ISSN 2164-3970 (online), was published by Services Science Global (SSG) from 2009 to 2011 as issues under ISBN 978-1-4276-2090-3.]
Editorial Column—System Thinking for Service Research Advances
Authors: Barile Sergio , Spohrer Jim , Polese Francesco 
Published: April 2012

[Excerpt] This issue of the Journal of Service Science is dedicated to the inferences of system thinking upon recent service research advances, and in particular upon service science and SD logic. The special issue is based upon the scientific proposals deriving from the “2009 Naples Forum on Service,” and specifically to its sessions dedicated to system thinking and its relation to service research. [Service Science, ISSN 2164-3962 (print), ISSN 2164-3970 (online), was published by Services Science Global (SSG) from 2009 to 2011 as issues under ISBN 978-1-4276-2090-3.]
A Critical Appraisal of the Concept of Non-profit Services Marketing
Authors: Novatorov Edouard V. 
Published: April 2012

The author deconstructs the prevailing conceptualization of non-profit marketing and concludes it rests on three principles: voluntary exchange, an open system organization, and self-interest motivation. A review of the genesis of these principles revealed that alternative principles were ignored in the social science literature. Based on a qualitative analysis a revised conceptualization of non-profit marketing was suggested which incorporated the principles of reciprocity, the features of a contingency-choice organization, and altruistic interest motivation. A revised definition of non-profit marketing is offered based on these principles. [Service Science, ISSN 2164-3962 (print), ISSN 2164-3970 (online), was published by Services Science Global (SSG) from 2009 to 2011 as issues under ISBN 978-1-4276-2090-3.]
Editorial Column and Short Paper—The Global 2000 Companies and the Economic Sectors
Authors: Berg Daniel , Einspruch Norman G. 
Published: April 2012

As a continuation of a study directed at identifying the similarities and differences between companies that operate in either the Goods or Services Sector of the economy, the authors employ a technique called “Data Surface Mining” (DSM). This simple technique utilizes data previously published in the business press or elsewhere that were gathered for other reasons are further analyzed for a purpose of interest here. As such, data were generated in a recent study conducted by FORBES for the purpose of identifying the world's 2000 best companies according to the metrics of Sales, Profits, Assets and Market Value. These data were further analyzed and are presented here to ascertain the relative presence of these companies in the two economic sectors, Goods and Services. The understanding of such issues is of critical importance in light of the fact that the Services Sector represents more than 80% (GDP and/or employment) of the United States economy and is of increasing importance in the global economy in both developed and emerging nations. [Service Science, ISSN 2164-3962 (print), ISSN 2164-3970 (online), was published by Services Science Global (SSG) from 2009 to 2011 as issues under ISBN 978-1-4276-2090-3.]
Hierarchical Bayes Modeling of the Customer Satisfaction Index
Authors: Terui Nobuhiko , Hasegawa Shohei , Chun Taemyung , Ogawa Kosuke 
Published: April 2012

Customer Satisfaction Index has been developed in many countries including North America, Europe and Asia last decades, which are based on Americal Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) by the University of Michigan, where the latent factor “Customer Satisfaction” related to the customer loyalty is estimated by a covariance structural model with six factors generated from 17 question items and PLS method. They apply the identical structural model to all companies in order to measure the national and industrial indexes that are used to compare the services in different companies as well as industries. In this paper, by using the assumption that the same model must be applied to every company, we link the path coefficients of each company as the hierarchical regression model to estimate the structure for customer satisfaction across companies to show that, representing “communality” inside industry and “heterogeneity” outside industry, the hierarchical Bayes modeling produces more stable significant path coefficients. Moreover, our approach has the additional advantages. (i) The volume of information (number of survey data) can be augmented, (ii) The index can be constructed without additional surveys for new company (forecasting) and not-surveyed company (missing observations), (iii) When aggregating individual index of each company up to the industrial index and national index, the communality assumption could increase the stability of the macro index. [Service Science, ISSN 2164-3962 (print), ISSN 2164-3970 (online), was published by Services Science Global (SSG) from 2009 to 2011 as issues under ISBN 978-1-4276-2090-3.]
Consumer Information Systems as Service Modules: Case Study of IPTV Services
Authors: Tuunanen Tuure , Gardner Lesley A. , Bastek Martin 
Published: April 2012

Consumer Information Systems (CIS) are Information Systems, which provide services primarily to consumers instead of addressing needs of users in traditional organizational settings. Examples of such systems are Internet protocol television (IPTV) services, which are being launch globally at the moment. Design of such information systems and software typically involves a trade-off between achieving high service productivity and quality. To this end, the use of modularization has been proposed as a possibility. Our paper presents a framework that can potentially achieve such modularization for consumer information systems. We take the perspective that such modularization should be done at a service systems level and that we should not only regard CIS as software or technology, but as a service provided for consumers. We apply the framework to three New Zealand IPTV service offerings and investigate how it applies. [Service Science, ISSN 2164-3962 (print), ISSN 2164-3970 (online), was published by Services Science Global (SSG) from 2009 to 2011 as issues under ISBN 978-1-4276-2090-3.]