bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A secure and efficient RSU‐aided bundle forwarding protocol for vehicular delay tolerant networks
Authors: Lin Xiaodong , Chen Hsiao‐Hwa 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRecently, vehicularad hocnetwork (VANET) has emerged as a promising approach for road safety and traffic efficiency improvement through a variety of vehicle applications enabled by communications between vehicles such as emergency braking warning, etc. However, due to its unique characteristics, such as intermittent connectivity due to high‐speed mobility of the network nodes (or vehicles), also known as vehicular delay tolerant network, it poses a major challenge to the realization of those applications. In this paper, we propose a new roadside unit (RSU) aided bundle forwarding protocol for vehicular delay tolerant networks. Furthermore, with the assistance from those RSUs deployed at some critical points on the road, for example, intersections, the proposed protocol can increase the network performance in terms of delivery ratio. At the same time, since vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) and vehicle‐to‐RSU (V2R) privacy‐preserving authentications are guaranteed, the black (gray) hole attacks can be avoided. Extensive simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocol. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchical queue‐length‐aware power control for real‐time applications over wireless networks
Authors: Li Xiaochen , Dong Xihua , Wu Dapeng 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe consider the problem of optimal power control for quality‐of‐service‐assured wireless communication. The quality of service (QoS) measures of our consideration are a triplet of data rate, delay, and delay bound violation probability (DBVP). Our target is to develop power control laws that can provide delay guarantees for real‐time applications over wireless networks. The power control laws that aim at optimizing certain physical‐layer performance measures, usually adapt the transmission power based on the channel gain; we call these “channel‐gain‐based” (CGB) power control (PC). In this paper, we show that CGB‐PC laws achieve poor link‐layer delay performance. To improve the performance, we propose a novel scheme called hierarchical queue‐length‐aware (HQLA) power control. The key idea is to combine the best features of the two PC laws, i.e., a given CGB‐PC law and the clear‐queue (CQ) PC law; here, the CQ‐PC is defined as a PC law that uses a transmission power just enough to empty the queue at the link layer. We analyze our proposed HQLA‐PC scheme by the matrix‐geometric method. The analysis agrees well with the simulation results. More importantly, our results show that the proposed HQLA power control scheme is superior to the corresponding CGB‐PC in both average power consumption and effective capacity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introspection
Authors: Engelbert Mark , Carruthers Peter 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTwo main questions about introspection are addressed: whether it exists, and whether it is a reliable source of self‐knowledge. Most philosophers have assumed that the answers to both questions are positive, whereas an increasing number of cognitive scientists take the view that introspection is either nonexistent (with self‐attributions of mental states being made on the same sort of interpretative basis as attributions of mental states to other people) or unreliable. A number of different models of self‐knowledge are discussed, and the evidence bearing on the existence and reliability of introspection is reviewed. New experiments are required to tease apart some of the alternatives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:Psychology > AttentionPhilosophy > Consciousness
Cognition and animal welfare
Authors: Rogers Lesley J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAnimals exhibit species‐typical adaptations of behavior and may suffer stress in captivity if they are prevented from performing these patterns of behavior. This article considers whether these particular ‘needs’ rely on cognitive processes or are performed without complex cognition despite their appearance of behavioral complexity. Emotion and cognition in animals are also discussed, particularly whether animals can feel emotions and, if so, what ranges of emotions they might feel. Cognitive capacities that would contribute to suffering include empathy with the suffering of others, memories of negative events and suffering in anticipation of future events. Cognitive bias of individual animals toward positive or negative feelings is related to dominance of the left or right hemisphere, respectively. These biases might be reflected in the animal's preferred limb to pick up food. Hence, limb preference could be a useful measure of cognitive bias. Post‐traumatic stress disorder is a cognitive condition that, it is suggested, might involve dominance of the right hemisphere. This debilitating condition is experience‐dependent and not infrequently seen in animals in captivity. In conclusion, it is argued that there is an obvious need for more research on cognition as it relates to animal welfare and as a basis for changing legislature to protect animals from suffering. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition
Psychology > Comparative Psychology
Neuroscience > Behavior
Working memory
Authors: Ricker Timothy J. , AuBuchon Angela M. , Cowan Nelson 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe working memory system maintains the limited information that can be kept in mind at one time. These memories are distinct from the vast amount of information stored in long‐term memory. Here we give a brief summary of findings over the past half‐century in the areas of working memory that we see as particularly important for understanding its nature. We discuss several current controversies, including whether there are different systems or brain modules for different kinds of working memory, why we lose items from working memory, and how individuals and age groups differ. We try to describe what is and is not known. Last, a discussion of findings from neuroimaging helps to constrain working memory theory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Memory
Neuroscience > Cognition
Quinine‐Derived Imidazolidin‐2‐imine Ligands: Synthesis, Coordination Chemistry, and Application in Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Filimon Sabina‐Alexandra , Hrib Cristian G. , Randoll Sören , Neda Ion , Jones Peter G. , Tamm Matthias 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTwo new optically active bidentate N,N‐ligands, DMIQCI (3a) and DMIQCD (3b), containing a quinuclidine core and an imidazolidin‐2‐imine unit, were synthesized. The reaction of these ligands with [(η5‐C5Me5)RuCl]4 afforded the brick‐red ruthenium(II) complexes [(η5‐C5Me5)Ru(DMIQCI)Cl] (4) and [(η5‐C5Me5)Ru(DMIQCD)Cl] (5), which were used as catalysts in the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone in boiling 2‐propanol. The reactions of 3a and 3b with [(COD)PdCl2] (COD = 1,5‐cycloocta‐diene) and with [(DME)NiBr2] (DME = 1,2‐dimethoxyethane) afforded the square‐planar palladium(II) complexes [(DMIQCI)PdCl2] (7) and [(DMIQCD)PdCl2] (8) or the tetrahedral nickel(II) complexes [(DMIQCI)NiBr2] (9) and [(DMIQCD)NiBr2] (10), respectively. The X‐ray crystal structures of 4, 7, 9·THF, and 10 are reported.
Thermal Decomposition of New Mononuclear NiII Complexes with ONNO Type Reduced Schiff Bases and Pseudo Halogens
Authors: Ateş B. Meltem , Zeybek Bülent , Aksu Mecit , Ergun Ümit , Ercan Filiz , Aksu M. Levent , Atakol Orhan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMononuclear nickel(II) complexes were prepared by reaction of the three ONNO type reduced Schiff bases bis‐N,N′‐(2‐hydroxybenzyl)‐1,3‐propanediamine (LHH2), bis‐N,N′‐(2‐hydroxybenzyl)‐2,2′‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediamine (LDMHH2), and bis‐N,N′‐[1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]‐1,3‐propanediamine (LACHH2) with NiII ions in the presence of pseudo halides (OCN–, SCN– and N3–). The complexes were characterized with the use of elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and thermal analyses. The molecular structure of one of the complexes was obtained by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The obtained complexes are mononuclear, and a pseudo halide molecule is attached. One of the oxygen atoms of the ligand is in phenolate and the other was in phenol form. According to the thermogravimetry results, it was thought that the pseudo halide thermally detaches from the structure as hydropseudo halide. In azide‐containing complexes an endothermic reaction was observed although the azide group usually decomposes with an exothermic reaction.
Synthesis, Structure and Chemical Bonding of CaCo2Si2 and BaCo2Ge2 – Two New Compounds with ThCr2Si2 Structure Type
Authors: Siggelkow Lisa , Hlukhyy Viktor , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe intermetallic compounds CaCo2Si2 and BaCo2Ge2 were prepared by melting mixtures of the elements in an arc‐furnace under argon. Single crystals were obtained by special heat treatment in welded tantalum ampoules. The compounds were investigated by powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Both title compounds crystallize in the ThCr2Si2 structure type with space group I4/mmm: a = 3.9161(3) Å, c = 9.9184(7) Å, wR2 = 0.032, 220 F2 values, 9 variable parameters for CaCo2Si2; a = 4.0859(3) Å, c = 11.779(2) Å, wR2 = 0.046, 106 F2 values, 9 variable parameters for BaCo2Ge2. The described intermetallic compounds demonstrate the tunable distance between the tetrel elements, which is often observed for compounds with ThCr2Si2 structure type. In CaCo2Si2 a covalent Si–Si bond is present, whereas no Ge–Ge bond occurs in BaCo2Ge2. The CaCo2Si2 and BaCo2Ge2 are isoelectronic to BaFe2As2, the parent compound of a new “122” family of high temperature superconductors. The crystal chemistry and chemical bonding in title compounds is discussed in terms of LMTO band structure calculations and a topological analysis using the Electron Localization Function (ELF).
Impairment of Cognitive Function Reported by Patients Suffering from Carcinoid Syndrome
Authors: Chambers Anthony J. , Longman R. Stewart , Pasieka Janice L. , Dixon Elijah , Rorstad Otto , Rach‐Longman Kathy , Jones Jean 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundCarcinoid syndrome (CS) is characterized by symptoms of diarrhea, flushing, bronchospasm, and valvular heart disease. It has been our impression that patients with CS also exhibit features of cognitive impairment. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate if symptoms of cognitive impairment were reported by patients with CS.MethodsPatients with proven CS completed a 38‐question multiple‐ability self‐report questionnaire (MASQ) to assess symptoms in five cognitive domains: language skills, attention/concentration (A/C), visual‐perceptual function, visual memory, and verbal memory. Patients subsequently underwent neurocognitive assessment using a battery of six standardized tests. Results of the MASQ and the cognitive test were compared to published results for healthy individuals.ResultsTwenty‐one patients with CS were studied. MASQ symptom scores were higher than published norms in all five cognitive domains. Patients reported greatest difficulty with verbal memory (mean ± SD = 2.74 ± 0.5), followed by A/C (2.41 ± 0.65), language (2.31 ± 0.55), visual memory (2.30 ± 0.65), and visual‐perceptual function (2.17 ± 0.59). In contrast, neurocognitive tests for verbal memory immediate recall, visual memory, language, and executive function were within the normal range. CS patients, however, scored lower than expected in tests of verbal memory delayed recall and visual‐perceptual function.ConclusionsPatients with CS report high levels of symptoms of impairment in all cognitive domains; however, on formal neurocognitive testing, patients scored lower than expected only in tests of verbal memory delayed recall and visual‐perceptual function. These findings appear to confirm our clinical impression that cognitive impairment may be an additional feature of CS. Further studies are needed to confirm and elucidate the cause of this cognitive impairment.
Course of Ionized Calcium After Thyroidectomy
Authors: de Andrade Sousa Alexandre , Salles José Maria Porcaro , Soares João Marcos Arantes , de Moraes Gustavo Meyer , Carvalho Jomar Rezende , Rocha Paulo Roberto Savassi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of the present study was to investigate the course of ionized calcium after thyroidectomy and to define a cut‐off value that indicates symptoms of hypocalcemia.MethodsThe sample included 333 patients undergoing thyroidectomy at the University Hospital of UFMG between September 2000 and December 2005. Ionized calcium was determined before and after surgery (days 1, 2, and 30) in all patients and on postoperative days 90 and 180 in those with hypocalcemia. Asymptomatic patients received no calcium replacement therapy, irrespective of calcium concentration. Patients with clinical manifestation of hypocalcemia were treated after laboratory confirmation. The presence or absence of postoperative hypocalcemia was associated with ionized calcium concentration measured on the reported days.ResultsIonized calcium declined on the first two days after surgery in all patients when compared to preoperative levels (P = 0.000). Forty‐seven (34.6%) of the 136 (40.8%) patients with postoperative hypocalcemia had symptoms. Patients with symptomatic hypocalcemia had significantly lower ionized calcium levels than those with asymptomatic hypocalcemia (P = 0.001). Fourteen (4.2%) patients progressed to definitive hypoparathyroidism by the end of 6 months.ConclusionsMeasurement of ionized calcium on postoperative days 1 and 2 is sufficient for the evaluation of post‐thyroidectomy hypocalcemia. Ionized calcium concentrations <1.03 mmol/l on postoperative day 1 are indicative of the presence of symptoms and the need for treatment.
Validating a Simple Scoring System to Predict Malignancy and Invasiveness of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: Shin Sang H. , Han Duck J. , Park Kwan T. , Kim Young H. , Park Jae B. , Kim Song C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the present study was to identify reliable preoperative factors predicting malignancy or invasiveness of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas and the effectiveness of a diagnostic scoring system based on these factors.MethodsBetween August 1994 and December 2007, 204 patients underwent pancreatic resection for IPMN at a single institute. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively, and a new diagnostic scoring system for predicting malignant IPMN preoperatively was designed.ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed nine significant predictors of both malignant and invasive IPMN: age ≥60 years, history of pancreatitis, presence of mural nodule(s), diameter of main pancreatic duct (MPD) >6 mm, main duct or mixed type, total bilirubin >1.2 mg/dl, CA‐19‐9 >37 U/ml, tumor location in the pancreatic head, and tumor size >30 mm. Multivariate analysis showed that age, pancreatitis, mural nodule(s), and MPD diameter were independent predictors of invasive IPMN, and that all these parameters, plus elevated carbohydrate antigen‐19‐9 (CA‐19‐9), were independent predictors of malignant IPMN. A scoring system based on these five factors, each assigned 1 point, and with a cut‐off of 3 points, could predict malignant IPMN with a sensitivity of 50.7% and a specificity of 90.1%. The 5‐year survival rates of patients with benign and malignant IPMN were 95.0% and 64.0%, respectively.ConclusionsOur scoring system using five independent factors (age ≥60 years, history of pancreatitis, presence of mural nodule(s), elevated level of CA‐19‐9, and MPD diameter >6 mm) may be helpful for predicting malignancy and postoperative survival.
LASSO with cross-validation for genomic selection
Authors: USAI M. GRAZIANO , GODDARD MIKE E. , HAYES BEN J. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryWe used a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) approach to estimate marker effects for genomic selection. The least angle regression (LARS) algorithm and cross-validation were used to define the best subset of markers to include in the model. The LASSO–LARS approach was tested on two data sets: a simulated data set with 5865 individuals and 6000 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs); and a mouse data set with 1885 individuals genotyped for 10 656 SNPs and phenotyped for a number of quantitative traits. In the simulated data, three approaches were used to split the reference population into training and validation subsets for cross-validation: random splitting across the whole population; random sampling of validation set from the last generation only, either within or across families. The highest accuracy was obtained by random splitting across the whole population. The accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) in the candidate population obtained by LASSO–LARS was 0·89 with 156 explanatory SNPs. This value was higher than those obtained by Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) and a Bayesian method (BayesA), which were 0·75 and 0·84, respectively. In the mouse data, 1600 individuals were randomly allocated to the reference population. The GEBVs for the remaining 285 individuals estimated by LASSO–LARS were more accurate than those obtained by BLUP and BayesA for weight at six weeks and slightly lower for growth rate and body length. It was concluded that LASSO–LARS approach is a good alternative method to estimate marker effects for genomic selection, particularly when the cost of genotyping can be reduced by using a limited subset of markers.
A novel predictor of multilocus haplotype homozygosity: comparison with existing predictors
Authors: MacLEOD I. M. , MEUWISSEN T. H. E. , HAYES B. J. , GODDARD M. E. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryThe patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between dense polymorphic markers are shaped by the ancestral population history. It is therefore possible to use multilocus predictors of LD to infer past population history and to infer sharing of identical alleles in quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies. We develop a multilocus predictor of LD for pairs of haplotypes, which we term haplotype homozygosity (HHn): the probability that any two haplotypes share a given number ofnadjacent identical markers or ‘runs of homozygosity’. Our method, based on simplified coalescence theory, accounts for recombination and mutation. We compare ourHHnpredictions, withHHnin simulated populations and with two published predictors ofHHn. Our method performs consistently better across a range of population parameters, including populations with a severe bottleneck followed by expansion, compared to two published methods. We demonstrate that we can predict the pattern ofHHnobserved in dense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in a cattle population, given appropriate historical changes in population size. Our method is practical for use with very large numbers of individuals and dense genome wide polymorphic DNA data. It has potential applications in inferring ancestral population history and QTL mapping studies.
Chloroplast DnaJ-like proteins 3 and 4 (CDJ3/4) from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contain redox-active Fe–S clusters and interact with stromal HSP70B
Authors: Dorn Karolin V. , Willmund Felix , Schwarz Christian , Henselmann Christine , Pohl Thomas , Hess Barbara , Veyel Daniel , Usadel Björn , Friedrich Thorsten , Nickelsen Jörg , Schroda Michael 
Published: February 2010

In the present study we report on the identification and characterization of three novel chloroplast-targeted DnaJ-like proteins CDJ3–5, which in addition to their J-domains contain bacterial-type ferredoxin domains. In sequence databases we could identify homologues of CDJ3–5 in green algae, moss and higher plants, but not in cyanobacteria. Phylogenetic analyses allowed us to distinguish two clades containing CDJ3/4 and CDJ5 that must have diverged early in the ancestor of the ‘green lineage’ and have further diversified later on. Molecular and biochemical analysis of CDJ3 and CDJ4 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii revealed that both proteins are weakly expressed and appear to be localized to the stroma and to thylakoid membranes respectively. The low transcript levels of the CDJ3 and CDJ4 genes declined even further in the initial phase of heat shock, but CDJ3 transcript levels strongly increased after a dark-to-light shift. Accordingly, the Arabidopsis orthologue of CDJ5 was also found to be light-inducible and to be under strong circadian control. CDJ3 and CDJ4 proteins could both be expressed in Escherichia coli and had redox-active Fe–S clusters. In vitro cross-linking studies demonstrated that CDJ3 and CDJ4 interact with chloroplast ATP-bound HSP70B (heat-shock protein 70B), presumably as dimers, and immunoprecipitation studies showed that CDJ3/4 were also in a complex with HSP70B in Chlamydomonas cell extracts. Finally, CDJ3 was found in complexes with apparent molecular masses of approx. 550–2800 kDa, which appeared to contain RNA. We speculate that the CDJ3–5 proteins might represent redox switches that act by recruiting HSP70B for the reorganization of regulatory protein complexes.
Characterization of the transition-metal-binding properties of hepcidin
Authors: Tselepis Chris , Ford Samuel J. , McKie Andrew T. , Vogel Wolfgang , Zoller Heinz , Simpson Robert J. , Diaz Castro Javier , Iqbal Tariq H. , Ward Douglas G. 
Published: February 2010

Accumulating evidence suggests that hepcidin, a 25-residue peptide hormone, is the master regulator of iron metabolism. Further evidence suggests that the five N-terminal amino acids are crucial for mediating its biological function. With a histidine residue at position 3, this region also has the potential to bind bivalent metal ions. To characterize this hepcidin–metal interaction in detail, the present study utilizes electrospray MS to measure the binding of a range of metal ions to wild-type and mutant human and murine hepcidins. In addition, the biological effects of these point mutations were tested on Caco-2 and HEK-293T human cell lines and in mice. Our results show that hepcidin-25 can form complexes with copper, nickel and zinc; however, we failed to detect any hepcidin-25 binding to either ferric or ferrous ions. The greatest affinity observed was between hepcidin-25 and copper with a dissociation constant ≪1 μM. Substituting the histidine residue at position 3 in human hepcidin-25 and comparably the asparagine residue at position 3 in murine hepcidin-25 with an alanine residue markedly diminished the affinity for copper. The amino acid substitutions also decreased the biological activity of hepcidin-25; namely repression of ferroportin protein levels and hypoferraemia. In summary, the high affinity of hepcidin for copper suggests that hepcidin could bind copper in vivo and this may be of biological relevance.
Retaining HIV-Infected Patients in Care: Where Are We? Where Do We Go from Here?
Authors: Horstmann Elizabeth , Brown Jillian , Islam Fareesa , Buck Johanna , Agins Bruce D. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Retaining human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients in medical care at regular intervals has been shown to be linked to positive health outcomes. This article examines the available literature and research on retention and engagement in care of HIV-infected patients. We identify the extent of the problem of keeping patients engaged in care, as well as analyze which groups of patients are likely to be lost to follow-up. A review of different ways to measure patient retention is considered, as well as some preliminary data that suggest successful ways to re-engage patients in care. The need to ensure that HIV-infected patients are retained in care is a pressing public health issue and one that affects multiple populations. Further research and exchange of information are needed to keep patients in continuous care and to ensure that all patients are provided with regular, high-quality care that achieves both desired patient and population health outcomes.