bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestion des ressources humaines : l'adaptation... des effectifs dans la grande entreprise japonaise
Authors: Jaussaud Jacques 
Published: July 2011

The principles of human resources management are under high pressure in Japan because of the low growth perspectives and the aging working population. Nowadays, large firms have had to forsake a number of permanent employees. Will this mean the end of the lifetime employment system, a relevant issue indeed considering the incentive theory. Reducing the work force is not incompatible with the lifetime employment system. This article studies how large firms try to reduce labour input within the framework of this system. For example, they may take advantage of the diversity of their employees status, the lenght of overtime, and specific inter-firm relations, a characteristic of Japan.
Nevertheless, the rapidly changing environment and the abrupt modifications in the work force strongly affect the employment system. How will this change Human Resource Management in Japan ? This article is an attempt to design various scenarios.
L'enseignement de la lecture à la veille de la promulgation dugakusei (1872)
Authors: Galan Christian 
Published: July 2011

L'opposition hankô/terakoya (écoles de fief/ écoles pour le peuple), généralement admise pour décrire le monde de l'éducation durant l'époque d'Edo, perd de sa pertinence lorsqu'il s'agit non plus de faire l'inventaire des lieux d'instruction mais de saisir, dans leur intégralité, les pratiques pédagogiques mises en place.
L'étude du modèle classique d'enseignement de la lecture amène à constater la grande complémentarité qui pouvait exister entre ces deux types d'école : les pratiques mises en place dans les unes et les autres relevaient fondamentalement d'une même logique pédagogique et culturelle. L'enseignement de la langue écrite dans les terakoya n'était pas un enseignement distinct de celui des écoles de fief : l'enseignement de l'écriture, tenarai, qui en était la composante essentielle, constituait également la première étape de l'éducation que recevaient les fils de samurai avant d'entrer à l'école du fief. L'introduction de la lecture de type sodoku dans le cursus des terakoya au cours des dernières décennies de l'époque d'Edo atteste également de la complémentarité des deux cursus.
Hankô et terakoya avaient, certes, construit chacune leur légitimité et leurs programmes d'enseignement par rapport à la différence de statut qui existait entre l'enseignement de la lecture et celui de l'écriture, ainsi qu'entre les deux langues écrites alors en usage : le kanbun et le kanji kana majiri bun. Mais la conception de l'acte de lire elle-même (lire est le seul accès au savoir) et celle de son enseignement (un enseignement long et douloureux fondé sur la mémorisation pure et la répétition) étaient, dans les deux types d'école, parfaitement identiques.
Le monde intelligible de Nishida. Introduction
Authors: Tremblay Jacynthe 
Published: July 2011

Cet article présente les trois premières parties (sur un total de 9) de l'essai «Le monde intelligible» de NISHIDA Kitarô (®ffl£&#E&) (dont la traduction suit). Cet essai est le plus important et le mieux construit du cinquième volume de l'œuvre complète de Nishida, qui y fait une présentation systématique des trois universels constituant sa «logique du basho», notamment le troisième, à savoir l'«universel de l'intelligible», qui rend compte du monde intelligible. Il porte attention, également, au «néant absolu», qui englobe les trois universels. Cet article suit les linéaments de la pensée de Nishida, à savoir sa «méthodologie» et le dégagement du domaine de l'intelligible à partir des «actes de la conscience» (partie I) ; le rappel de 1' «universel de l'éveil à soi» et des notions importantes dans le contexte du dépassement de la conscience, à savoir 1' «éveil à soi», les universels «abstrait» et «concret», l'«englobement» et le «soi volontaire» (partie II) ; le rôle de la «volonté» comme dépassement de la conscience, ainsi que la transition vers l'intelligible (partie III).
(À suivre)
Le général Kislitsin, chef du bureau de l'Émigration russe à Harbin — du monarchisme russe et de l'esprit du Bushido
Authors: Breuillard Sabine 
Published: July 2011

The present study analyses the situation of Russian émigrés in Manchuria during the Manchukuo experiment (1932-1945) through the General Kislitsin's exemplary case. Bureau of Russian Emigré Affairs' director, constrained to treat with the Japanese, Kislitsin helped them to fight with the Komintern. A deeply convinced Russian monarchist, he happened to discourse on Bushidô, but never giving the impression of betraying the Russian cause. Denounced in 1943 as a double agent, he dies struck by a mysterious disease, probably poisoned. The General Kislitsin's non elucidated death crystallizes and illustrates the contradictions of this society.
The survey is based on archives documents and oral history.
La politique des autorités communistes en Pologne, à la lumière des rumeurs dans les années 1949-1953
Authors: Jarosz Dariusz , Pasztor Maria 
Published: July 2011

The policy of communist authorities in Poland as seen through rumors in the years 1949-1953

The article deals with the image of the Polish Communist authorities during the period of deep Stalinism (1949-1953) in the light of common knowledge and rumors circulating among the ordinary people in Poland. The study is based mainly on information collected by the Polish political policy (bezpieczeństwo) and local committees of the Polish Communist Party.
1. The common knowledge reveals much about the fears and the hopes of Polish society during the Stalin era.
2. The main factor which accelerated gossips and rumors was the difficulty in acceding to credible information about the real situation in Poland. However the circulation of rumors was also partly favored by censorship as a means of controlling society. The Polish speaking radio stations existing in the West during the Stalin period (first of ail Radio Free Europe) were very important sources of knowledge about Poland and the rest of the world, but listening to those broadcasts was banned by Communist law.
3. Among the major themes studied by the authors are the collectivization of agriculture, the expected outbreak of the third world war, the provision of food, the limitations of human rights and the persecution of the Catholic Church.
4. Rumors show that a remarkable increase of optimism in Poland follows Stalin's death in Mardi 1953.
Le théâtre folklorique russe : culture savante, culture populaire ?
Authors: Gruel-Apert Lise 
Published: July 2011

Русский фольклорный (народный) театр : «высокая» культура, народная культура?

Многие авторы не признавали специфики русского народного театра. Многочисленные влияния на этот театр должны быть изучены, сам этот театр должен быть рассмотрен в тесной связи с породившим его историческим контекстом, с одной стороны, с народными праздничными (сельскими и городскими) зрелищами, с другой.
Все эти разнородные влияния, тем не менее, объединены общей композицией, в основе которой — три главных действующих лица: убивающий / убитый / гробокопатель (посредник).
За часто комическим (а иногда и трагическим) умерщвлением одного из персонажей всегда следует комическое захоронение (иногда воскресенье) того же персонажа. Сценки, в которых умерщвляют разных персонажей, чередуются в быстром темпе. Анализ языка этих театральных пьес потверждает, что в них все подчинено комическому эффекту.
Толкование (анализ) этой основной структуры приводит к выводу, что заимствования, будь они иностранного или городского происхождения («ученая» или «высокая» культура) все-таки подчиняются народной культуре, на которую следует в данном случае смотреть то как более древней, то как основной (доминантной).
Владимир Набоков в русле орнаментальной прозы : к вопросу о терминологических разногласиях
Authors: Medarić Magdalena 
Published: July 2011

Vladimir Nabokov and russian ornemental prose

That Nabokov as a Russian writer was formed within the Silver Age of Russian culture is an established fact in literature on Nabokov. An important aspect of the Silver Age, however, has been left out and that is the diffusion of the so-called ornamentalism in literature and the way in which Vladimir Nabokov's prose carries on the tradition of Russian ornamental prose.
The notion of ornamentalism has been interpreted in contemporary Russian studies but hardly ever with reliance on the examples from Nabokov's prose. This may be the reason that ornamentalism is considered diffused: what is taken into consideration are the preceding (the so-called medieval) pletenie sloves and some peculiar contemporary forms (e.g. the so-called skaz), and the new influences derived from the Western cultural sphere (Wagner and Nietzsche) besides. In the article the author recalls the importance that the ornament had in visual arts and the accompanying theory in the early twentieth century. Later on the notion moves into verbal arts and philology. The concept therefore emerges exactly from this zone of interference. In Nabokov's writings, the role of verbal ornamentalism can be looked at from various points among which the most important is the level of the construction of a work.
Тема воспоминания у Набокова и в русской религиозной философии
Authors: Averin Boris 
Published: July 2011

Le motif du souvenir dans l'œuvre de Nabokov et la philosophie religieuse russe

Le motif du souvenir, si cher à Nabokov, est le plus souvent considéré comme nostalgique. Le présent exposé vise à contester cette interprétation.
Il existe deux conceptions antagoniques du souvenir. L'une, remontant à Platon, Épicure et Plotin, traite le souvenir comme un acte de volonté ; l'autre, au contraire, l'identifie à l'absorption par le passé, passive et involontaire. C'est justement à cette dernière théorie que tend l'interprétation du souvenir comme un complexe nostalgique. Il est pourtant à noter que dans le cadre de la culture russe de la première moitié du XXe siècle, le souvenir est interprété d'une manière tout à fait différente.
Après avoir posé le problème de la polyvalence de la personnalité humaine (un ego social, biologique, psychique, appartenant au présent et au passé, etc.), les penseurs de cette époque se sont remis en quête de l'unité. Selon les philosophes russes, cette synthèse nouvelle pouvait être réalisée au moyen d'un souvenir actif et créateur qui mène au « rassemblement » ainsi qu'à la résurrection de la personnalité (N. Karsavin), à la connaissance de soi (Berdjaev) ainsi qu'à la réunification des aspects isolés de l'individualité humaine (Gurdžiev, Uspenskij). On mettait en relief que le souvenir se révélait comme une actualisation du passé et constituait donc un événement (Florenskij). C'est dans ce contexte culturel et métaphysique qu'il faudrait inscrire le motif du souvenir chez Nabokov dont le premier roman traite le souvenir comme résurrection de la personnalité. Cette conception, se compliquant toujours plus, domine toute son œuvre.
Les fantômes de l'opéra dans les romans de Vladimir Nabokov
Authors: Buhks Nora 
Published: July 2011

Призраки опер в романах Владимира Набокова

Искусство музыки и оперы, в частности, в творчестве Набокова — большая и, практически, не разработанная тема. Аллюзии на оперы присутствуют почти во всех романах европейского цикла, их явление слабеет в периоде американском. На уровне мотивов они созвучны главным темам набоковскои прозы, симптоматично маркируя их развитие от Орфея к Фаусту. Отсылка раннего рассказа Возвращение Чорба к опере Глюка Орфей и Евридика демонстрирует освоение писателем одного из ведущих структурных приемов его поэтики — нарушения границы между реальностью и искусством (счастливый оперный финал стимулирует героя повторить его в жизни). Позднее, Камера обскура возникает на пересечении двух искусств, кино и оперы. Именно немецкие оперные произведения периода экспрессионизма, с их декларативной антиромантической и антивагнеровской эстетикой, в частности оперы Хиндемита, становятся важными субтекстами романа.
Особое место в художественном мире набоковской прозы занимают оперы на сюжеты великих литературных произведений, особенно на пушкинские, — они осознаются как пародийные двойники литературных текстов и используются для реализации эстетических обманных подмен, провоцирующих статус оригинала. Так в Отчаянии, Набоков выстраивает отсылки не к пушкинской повести Пиковая Дама, а к одноименной опере Чайковского. Аналогичную пародийную разоблачительную функцию исполняет оперный пассаж во второй главе Приглашения на казнь, текстом-адресатом аллюзии является знаменитая Песня о крысе из драматической легенды Г. Берлиоза Осуждение Фауста.
Отсылки к операм в романах Набокова отличаются структурным богатством, репертуарным разнообразием и непредсказуемостью художественных воплощений, что и позволяет называть их оперными призраками.
Les Kurbas créateur du théâtre moderne ukrainien
Authors: Mandzukova-Camel Olga 
Published: July 2011

Les' Kurbas — Creator of the Modern Ukrainian Theater

Les' Kurbas born 25 February 1887 in Sambir, Galicia (Western Ukraine). An outstanding organizer and director of Ukrainian avant-garde theater, actor, and pedagogue. In 1907- 1908 he studied philosophy at the University of Vienna and also drama. Graduating from Lviv University in 1916, he worked as an actor in the troupes of the Hutsul Theater (1911- 1912) and Ruska Besida Theater (1912-1914), founded and directed the Ternopil Teatralni Vetchory Theater (1915-1916) and worked in the Sadovsky Theater in Kiev (1916-1917).
After the February Revolution of 1917, Kurbas reorganized an actors' studio he had founded in 1916 into the Molodyj Theater (1917-1919) in Kiev. With the Molodyj Theater productions, which included the first production in Ukrainian of a classical Greek play, Sophocles' Œdipus Rex, Kurbas revolutionized Ukrainian theater, elevating it in style, esthetics, and repertoire from the provincial to the level of modem Western European theater.
In 1922, having become convinced of its use as a powerful political instrument, he founded the Bereziľ artistic association in Kiev.
It was at the Bereziľ Theater in both Kiev (1922-1926) and Kharkov (1926-1923) that Kurbas' s creative genius became most evident. There he perfected his rigorous system for the intellectual and technical training of actors. One of the basic principles of his system was that the stage image, although it is created by the actor's emotions, voice, gestures, and temperament, must be objectivized and remain separate from the actor' s frame of mind and personal experiences. With over 300 actors and staff members, 6 actors' studios, director's lab, design studio, and theater museum, the Bereziľ association became the focal point of theater in Ukraine.
At Bereziľ, Kurbas broke down the old forms of Ukrainian theater and, after a long period of searching and enthusiastic experimentation with German Expressionist theater and the theories of Constructivism, succeeded in his productions of Mykola Kuliš' s play s in creating a unique Ukrainian Expressionist theater.
Kurbas broke completely with traditional Ukrainian realistic, ethnographic theater to present spectacles that forced the audience to think instead of simply watching passively. This intellectualism was combined with a brilliant synthesis of rhythm, movement, and avant-garde theatrical and visual devices, including montage. Не managed to gather around himself the best actors, directors, set designers (e.g. V. Meller), and play wrights (e.g. M. Kuliš) in Ukraine.
In 1933, Kurbas, his ideas, and his dynamics, innovative, and often controversial productions were condemned as nationalist, formalist, and conterrevolutionary. In October he was dismissed as the director of Bereziľ and ail of his productions were banned from the Soviet Ukrainian repertoire. Не moved to Moscow, where he was arrested in December and imprisoned on the Solovets Islands. He was shot in 1937.
Le préverbe pere- en russe
Authors: Martinowsky Georges 
Published: July 2011

Русская глагольная приставка пере-

На основе исчерпывающего перечня русских приставочных глаголов на переопределяется типология возможных контекстов данных глаголов, что позволяет выявить сочетаемоспособность данной приставки.
Из всеобщности разных таким образом проявленных комбинаторных валентностей возможно извлечь общий знаменатель, который по своей сути окажется не семантическим инвариантом, а оператором, однозначно воздействующим на соотношения отдельных составных высказывания.
После чего остается дать указанному оператору теоретическое определение как можно более точно и в то же время наиболее обобщающее.
Deux exemples d'interférence linguistique dans les textes novgorodiens anciens : l'église et le maître
Authors: Le Feuvre Claire 
Published: July 2011

Two instances of linguistic interference
in old novgorodian documents : the words for 'church' and 'master'.

Old Novgorodian кьркы and осподинъ are two instances of contamination between the Slavic term and the Scandinavian one. Кьркы for цьркы, far from being a reliable instance of the absence of the second palatalisation of velars in the Novgorodian area, is a re-borrowing from Germanie, this time from Old Swedish, which took place after the palatalisation had ceased to be active. Owing to the fact that Novgorod had an important Varangian community, that Varangians were the fïrst to adopt the new Christian faith, and that they had a dominant position in Novgorodian society, there is nothing surprising in the fact that the Swedish name for 'church' survived for a while in Novgorod. The case of осподинъ is différent : the Novgorodian variant, without [g], is probabbly due not only to the influence of Church pronunciation, as traditionally assumed, but also to the influence of the Old Swedish word for 'master', hosponde, assimilated from husbonds (Engl. husband) : Scandinavian initial [h] was very weak, and is never reflected in Old Russian. The Swedish term, phonetically close to Slavic господинъ, blended with the latter. In both cases, the process is similar : the stem retains its Scandinavian form, and receives the morphological pattern (suffix, inflection) of the corresponding Slavic word. It is also possible that the assimilation in husbonde > hosponde, regular in Old Swedish, is to account for the few cases of progressive assimilation in Old Novgorodian (e.g. сторовъ < съдоровъ, instead of regular здоровъ, with régressive assimilation), which could reflect a Scandinavian-influenced pronunciation.
Роман со словом повесть котик летаев Андрея Белого
Authors: Levina Parker Masha 
Published: July 2011

Novel/affair with the word: Andrej Belyj's Kotik Letaev.

Kotik Letaev by Andrej Belyj, a narrative of childhood about the entry of language into the human consciousness, can be also analyzed as a meta-narrative about the functioning of language in a literary text. Using the Lacanian version of psychoanalysis and the semiotic apparatus, the author delineates the transformation of traditional novelistic poetics performed by Belyj.
The central question addressed is what are these innovative principles of the construction of the text? In Kotik Letaev, the hierarchy of traditional narration is reversed: the language and linguistic tropes abandon their conventional function of narrative and rhetorical means, and assume the role of the protagonists and of the driving forces of narration. In Belyj' s book, the linguistic associations acquire the status of a narrative subject, while the referential séquence is reduced to a category of auxiliary means. The story is not anything more than the motivation for the play of signifiers which constitute the principal narrative séquence. Suspension and déferrai of signification are accomplished by the spécifie use of metaphoric and métonymie mechanisms that provokes the effect of 'the removal of exterior objects' and the production of 'a little meaning' which is purely linguistic.
The comparison of Belyj, Proust and Nabokov highlights the innovative character of Belyj's prose and the 'semiotic' nature of his poetics.
N. M. Karamzin traducteur et interprète des Contes moraux de J.-F. Marmontel et de S. F. de Genlis
Authors: Kafanova Olga 
Published: July 2011

Н. М. Карамзин переводчики и интерпретатор Contes moraux Ж. Ф. Мармонтеля и С. Ф. Жанлис

В статье исследуется влияние французской «нравоучительной сказки» («conte moral») на становление H. M. Карамзина - переводчика и прозаика.
Хорошей лабораторией выработки сентименталистской стилистики для Карамзина стали его ранние переводы из цикла С. Ф. Жанлис (S. F. de Genlis) les Veillées du château. В еще большей мере на развитие поэтики сентименталистской повести оказали воздействие переводы Карамзина из сборника Ж. Ф. Мармонтеля (J.-F. Marmontel) Nouveaux contes moraux. Русский вариант Мармонтелевых повестей предлагал типологию любовных коллизий и новый язык любви. «Школа» Мармонтеля проявилась для Карамзина также в разработке жанрово-стилистических особенностей повести, отразилась в создании образа чувствительного рассказчика-повествователя и типологии чувствительного героя.
Анализ переводов из Мармонтеля и Жанлис позволяет проследить процесс формирования «психологизированного» языка карамзинской прозы и вместе с тем определить инновационные элементы, внесенные Карамзиным и ставшие приметой русского сентиментализма.
Lentivector Prime and Vaccinia Virus Vector Boost Generate High-Quality CD8 Memory T Cells and Prevent Autochthonous Mouse Melanoma
Authors: Xiao Haiyan , Peng Yibing , Hong Yuan , Liu Yanjun , Guo Z. Sheng , Bartlett David L. , Fu Ning , He Yukai 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Most cancer vaccines, to date, fail to control established tumors. However, their application in preventing tumors is another question that is understudied. In the current study, we investigated the CD8 memory T cell responses of lentivector (lv) immunization and its potential to prevent melanoma using both transplantable B16 tumor and autochthonous melanoma models. We found that lv-expressing xenogenic human gp100 could induce potent CD8 responses that cross-react with mouse gp100. Importantly, the lv-primed CD8 response consisted of a high number of memory precursors and could be further increased by recombinant vaccinia virus vector (vv) boost, resulting in enhanced CD8 memory response. These long-lasting CD8 memory T cells played a critical role in immune surveillance and could rapidly respond and expand after sensing B16 tumor cells to prevent tumor establishment. Although CD8 response plays a dominant role after lv immunization, both CD4 and CD8 T cells are responsible for the immune prevention. In addition, we surprisingly found that CD4 help was not only critical for generating primary CD8 responses, but also important for secondary CD8 responses of vv boost. CD4 depletion prior to lv prime or prior to vv boost substantially reduced the magnitude of secondary CD8 effector and memory responses, and severely compromised the effect of cancer immune prevention. More importantly, the CD8 memory response from lv-vv prime-boost immunization could effectively prevent autochthonous melanoma in tumor-prone transgenic mice, providing a strong evidence that lv-vv prime-boost strategy is an effective approach for cancer immune prevention.