bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dual-track feature fusion model utilizing Group Shuffle Residual DeformNet and swin transformer for the classification of grape leaf diseases
Authors: Karthik R. , Vardhan Gadige Vishnu , Khaitan Shreyansh , Harisankar R. N. R. , Menaka R. , Lingaswamy Sindhia , Won Daehan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGrape cultivation is important globally, contributing to the agricultural economy and providing diverse grape-based products. However, the susceptibility of grapes to disease poses a significant threat to yield and quality. Traditional disease identification methods demand expert knowledge, which limits scalability and efficiency. To address these limitations our research aims to design an automated deep learning approach for grape leaf disease detection. This research introduces a novel dual-track network for classifying grape leaf diseases, employing a combination of the Swin Transformer and Group Shuffle Residual DeformNet (GSRDN) tracks. The Swin Transformer track exploits shifted window techniques to construct hierarchical feature maps, enhancing global feature extraction. Simultaneously, the GSRDN track combines Group Shuffle Depthwise Residual block and Deformable Convolution block to extract local features with reduced computational complexity. The features from both tracks are concatenated and processed through Triplet Attention for cross-dimensional interaction. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 98.6%, the precision, recall, and F1-score are recorded as 98.7%, 98.59%, and 98.64%, respectively as validated on a dataset containing grape leaf disease information from the PlantVillage dataset, demonstrating its potential for efficient grape disease classification.
Unobtrusive measurement of gait parameters using seismographs: An observational study
Authors: Single Michael , Bruhin Lena C. , Naef Aileen C. , Krack Paul , Nef Tobias , Gerber Stephan M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnalyzing irregularities in walking patterns helps detect human locomotion abnormalities that can signal health changes. Traditional observation-based assessments have limitations due to subjective biases and capture only a single time point. Ambient and wearable sensor technologies allow continuous and objective locomotion monitoring but face challenges due to the need for specialized expertise and user compliance. This work proposes a seismograph-based algorithm for quantifying human gait, incorporating a step extraction algorithm derived from mathematical morphologies, with the goal of achieving the accuracy of clinical reference systems. To evaluate our method, we compared the gait parameters of 50 healthy participants, as recorded by seismographs, and those obtained from reference systems (a pressure-sensitive walkway and a camera system). Participants performed four walking tests, including traversing a walkway and completing the timed up-and-go (TUG) test. In our findings, we observed linear relationships with strong positive correlations (R2 > 0.9) and tight 95% confidence intervals for all gait parameters (step time, cycle time, ambulation time, and cadence). We demonstrated that clinical gait parameters and TUG mobility test timings can be accurately derived from seismographic signals, with our method exhibiting no significant differences from established clinical reference systems.
Temporal analysis of prevalence and antibiotic-resistance patterns in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates in a 19-year retrospective study
Authors: AlFonaisan Meshal K. , Mubaraki Murad A. , Althawadi Sahar I. , Obeid Dalia A. , Al-Qahtani Ahmed A. , Almaghrabi Reem S. , Alhamlan Fatimah S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nonfermenting gram-negative bacterium associated with multiple nosocomial outbreaks. Antibiotic resistance increases healthcare costs, disease severity, and mortality. Multidrug-resistant infections (such as S. maltophilia infection) are difficult to treat with conventional antimicrobials. This study aimed to investigate the isolation rates, and resistance trends of S. maltophilia infections over the past 19 years, and provide future projections until 2030. In total, 4466 patients with S. maltophilia infection were identified. The adult and main surgical intensive care unit (ICU) had the highest numbers of patients (32.2%), followed by the cardiology department (29.8%), and the paediatric ICU (10%). The prevalence of S. maltophilia isolation increased from 7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.3–7.7%] in 2004–2007 to 15% [95% CI 10.7–19.9%] in 2020–2022. Most S. maltophilia isolates were resistant to ceftazidime (72.5%), levofloxacin (56%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (14.05%), according to our study. A consistent and significant difference was found between S. maltophilia-positive ICU patients and non-ICU patients (P = 0.0017) during the three-year pandemic of COVID-19 (2019–2021). The prevalence of S. maltophilia isolates is expected to reach 15.08% [95% CI 12.58–17.59%] by 2030. Swift global action is needed to address this growing issue; healthcare authorities must set priorities and monitor infection escalations and treatment shortages.
Prediction of fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients with hemodynamic stability: a prospective repeated-measures study
Authors: Kim Yong Hwan , Lee Jae Hoon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEvaluating fluid responsiveness with dynamic parameters is recommended for fluid management. However, in hemodynamically stable patients who are breathing spontaneously, accurately measuring stroke volume variation via echocardiography and passive leg raising is challenging due to subtle SV changes. This study aimed to identify normal SV changes in healthy volunteers and evaluate the precision of hemodynamic parameters in screening mild hypovolemia in patients. This prospective, repeated-measures, cross-sectional study screened 269 subjects via echocardiography. Initially, 45 healthy volunteers underwent a fluid challenge test, the outcomes of which served as criteria to screen 215 ICU patients. Among these patients, 53 underwent additional fluid challenge testing. Hemodynamic parameters, including medians of maximum velocity time integrals (VTImaxs), peak velocity of VTImax (PV), internal jugular vein diameters (IJVD), and area (IJVA) were repeatedly measured first at a 60° upper body elevation (UBE), second in a supine position, third at UBE, fourth in a supine position, and lastly in a supine position after fluid loading. The hemodynamic responses to the position changes were compared between 83 fluid non-responders and 15 fluid responders. Fluid responsiveness was defined as fluid-induced medians’ change of VTImaxs (fluid-induced median VTImax change) ≥ 10%. None of the healthy volunteers showed the mean value of repeatedly measured medians of VTImaxs ≥ 7%, following either UBE position (UBE-induced median VTImax change) or fluid loading (fluid-induced median VTImax change). UBE-induced median VTImax and PV changes were significantly correlated with fluid responsiveness (p < 0.001, AUC 0.959; p < 0.001, AUC 0.804). The significant correlations were demonstrated via multivariable analysis using binary logistic regression (p = 0.001, OR 90.1) and the correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.793) using linear regression analysis. UBE-induced median VTImax changes (≥ 11.8% and 7.98%) predicted fluid-induced median VTImax changes ≥ 10% and 7% (AUC 0.959 and 0.939). The collapsibility and variation of IJVD and IJVA showed no significant correlation. An increase in the mean value of medians of repeatedly measured VTImaxs transitioning from an UBE to a supine position, effectively screened mild hypovolemia and demonstrated a significant correlation with fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients maintaining hemodynamic stability.
Phase II trial of pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, and aspirin in melanoma: clinical outcomes and translational predictors of response
Authors: Quandt Zoe , Jacob Saya , Fadlullah Muhammad Zaki Hidayatullah , Wu Chaorong , Wu Clinton , Huppert Laura , Levine Lauren S. , Sison Paula , Tsai Katy K. , Chow Melissa , Kang Jee Hye , Hwang Jimmy , Lee James C. , Oglesby Ariel , Venegas Jessica , Brintz Ben J. , Tan Aik Choon , Anderson Mark S. , Rosenblum Michael D. , Young Arabella , Daud Adil I. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
Many patients with melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) do not derive response. Preclinical and retrospective studies identified that inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway may improve response to ICI treatment.

Methods
This prospective single site phase II trial accrued patients with advanced/metastatic melanoma. Participants underwent high-dose aspirin daily combined with pembrolizumab and ipilimumab every 3 weeks for 4 cycles followed by high-dose aspirin and pembrolizumab monotherapy. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Longitudinal sampling of blood was performed to assess peripheral immune correlates.

Results
Twenty-seven subjects were enrolled with median follow-up of 32 months. An ORR of 62.9% was reached prior to discontinuation due to low likelihood of achieving the pre-specified ORR of 80%. 17 patients (63%) experienced a treatment-related adverse event (TRAEs) grade 3 or higher. A per-protocol analysis showed that patients able to continue aspirin alongside ICI through the induction period experienced significant survival benefit. Ten cytokines and increased regulatory T cells in the periphery correlated with beneficial response.

Conclusions
The addition of high-dose aspirin to combination ICI within this study results in response comparable to ICI alone. Future clinical studies of COX inhibition will need to focus on mitigation of AEs to establish the clinical utility of this combination.
Design issues with lutetium-177 PSMA-617 registration studies that bias the outcome of the experimental arm reflect an increasing misalignment of contemporary oncology trials with true patient benefit
Authors: Schnog J. B. , Duits A. J. , Samson M. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the PSMAfore randomized controlled trial patients with chemotherapy naïve castrate resistant metastasized prostate cancer (CRPC) progressing after one line of a second-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) were randomized to the experimental arm of lutetium-177 PSMA-617 or the control arm of another ARSI. The trial showed an increase in the primary endpoint radiographic progression free survival in the experimental arm. Previously, the VISION trial led to the approval of lutetium-177 PSMA-617 in patients with CRPC progressing after at least 1 second generation ARSI and at least 1 line of chemotherapy with a taxane. We highlight several shortcomings in both trials concerning use of putative surrogate endpoints, control arm treatments not reflective of contemporary standards of care, informative censoring and inappropriate cross-over, that all bias results in favor of the experimental arms. Additional regulatory approval of lutetium-177 PSMA-617 for patients prior to receiving chemotherapy would not only lead to further exposure of patients to a treatment without proper proof of benefit but to unsubstantiated health care spending as well.
Optimising the tumour elimination payoff in cancer therapy
Authors: Burroughs Nigel J. , Leuridan Mathilde L. C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA new payoff function is proposed for cancer treatment optimisation, the tumour elimination payoff (TEP), that incorporates the increase in lifespan if tumour elimination is achieved. The TEP is discounted by drug toxicity and by potential risks, such as metastasis and mutation. An approximation is used for the probability of tumour elimination, , giving a terminal payoff with an exponential dependence on the final tumour size . The optimal solutions for this payoff for simple tumour growth models, (logistic and Gompertz growth), are determined. Using Pontryagin's maximum principle it is proved that bang–bang optimal solutions exist with a single switch; specifically delayed treatment and treat‐and‐stop solutions at maximum tolerated dose (MTD) exist. There is also a singular arc with constant tumour size. Solutions either have a high probability, respectively, low probability of tumour elimination; these correspond to a post‐treatment high probability of cure, and a high probability of relapse, respectively. Optimising over the time horizon results in solutions that are either MTD throughout or no treatment, that is, treatment is either beneficial or detrimental. For the logistic growth model, the treatment benefit phase diagram is derived with respect to the patient's expected increase in lifespan and tumour size.
Enhanced target detection using fractional Fourier transform features with threshold‐modified normalization
Authors: Guan Jian , Jiang Xingyu , Liu Ningbo , Ding Hao , Dong Yunlong , Liu Tong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFeature extraction from the normalized transformation domain is a key technique in target detection. Traditional normalization approaches assume that matrix elements follow a normal distribution, but any deviations from this assumption can lead to significant systematic errors. This article presents a novel method that modifies the normalization process in the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) domain by incorporating a threshold mechanism to counteract the effects of non‐normal distributions. Three modified FRFT features are then extracted from this modified FRFT domain. Furthermore, a target detection method that utilizes these three adjusted features is proposed. Experimental results based on measured data indicate that the modified FRFT features exhibit superior classification capabilities for sea clutter and targets compared to the original ones. Additionally, the experiments also demonstrate that under the same conditions, the proposed detection method outperforms traditional FRFT feature detector and the tri‐feature based detector.
Role of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Male Reproduction and Sperm Motility
Authors: Benderradji Hamza , Prasivoravong Julie , Marcelli François , Leroy Clara 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is secreted by Sertoli cells and is responsible for the regression of Müllerian ducts in the male fetus as part of the sexual differentiation process. Serum AMH concentrations are at their lowest levels in the first days after birth but increase after the first week, likely reflecting active Sertoli cell proliferation. AMH rises rapidly in concentration in boys during the first month, reaching a peak level at ∼6 months of age, and it remains high during childhood, then they will slowly decline during puberty, falling to low levels in adulthood. Serum AMH measurement is used by pediatric endocrinologist as a specific marker of immature Sertoli cell number and function during childhood. After puberty, AMH is released especially by the apical pole of the Sertoli cells toward the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, resulting in higher levels in the seminal plasma than in the serum. Recently, AMH has received increasing attention in research on male fertility–related disorders. This article reviews and summarizes the potential contribution of serum AMH measurement in different male fertility–related disorders.
Compact computer controlled biaxial tensile device for low-temperature transport measurements of layered materials
Authors: Zaitsev-Zotov S. V. 
Published: June 2024

A biaxial tensile device for the transport study of layered materials is described. The device is mounted on the standard 24 pin zero force connector and can be moved between various setups. The compact design of the device makes it suitable for a wide range of studies. In our case, it is placed inside a 50 mm diameter chamber in the cryocooler and is used in the temperature range 9–310 K. A sample is glued in the center of a polyimide cruciform substrate, the ends of which are connected to a tension system driven by four computer-controlled stepper motors providing tensile force up to 30 N. Computer simulation results and their experimental verification show that tensile strain along one axis depends on the tensile load along the perpendicular direction, and this dependence turns out to be relatively strong and exceeds 40%. The operation of the device is demonstrated by studying the effect of deformation on the electrical conductivity of the layered compound 2H-NbS2.
Simultaneous measurement of solid concentration and solid moisture in gas–solid two-phase flow using a dual-modality electrical sensor
Authors: Zhu Zengyan , Wang Yutao , Wang Dayang , Yang Gang , Xie Zhi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In a gas–solid two-phase flow system, simultaneous measurement of solid concentration and solid moisture is essential for some applications. However, during the measurement process, solid concentration and solid moisture are coupled in the measurement signals when the measurement signal is sensitive to both solid concentration and moisture. This makes it challenging to measure them simultaneously in the same measurement field. To solve this issue, a novel measurement method is proposed in this study, which uses a dual-modality electrical sensor to achieve simultaneous measurement of solid concentration and solid moisture in gas–solid two-phase flow. The dual-modality electrical sensor features a simple structure and captures measurement signals of capacitance and angle of dielectric loss within the same measurement section. With the above signals which are both sensitive to solid concentration and moisture, an iterative correction calculation method is adopted to achieve the simultaneous measurement of solid concentration and solid moisture. During the calculation process, the measured parameters are decoupled and continuously corrected until the related error values meet the threshold requirement. Numerical simulation experiments under three typical distributions and physical experiments under roping flow are carried out to verify the proposed measurement method. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed measurement method in the simultaneous measurement of solid concentration and solid moisture for gas–solid two-phase flow.
TTIS-YOLO: a traffic target instance segmentation paradigm for complex road scenarios
Authors: Xia Wenjun , Li Peiqing , Li Qipeng , Yang Taiping , Zhang Shunfeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The instance segmentation of traffic targets in complex road scenes is one of the most challenging tasks in autonomous driving. Unlike the bounding box localization for object detection and the category perception mask for semantic segmentation, instance segmentation requires accurate identification of each object under each category and more precise segmentation and positioning of these target objects. Although instance segmentation has apparent advantages, methods, for instance segmentation in complex road scenes, still need to be discovered. In this paper, we proposed an efficient instance segmentation method traffic target instance segmentation—YOLO (TTIS-YOLO) based on YOLOV5-7.0 for traffic object segmentation of complex road scenes. Our main work is as follows: to propose a multiscale efficient cross stage partial network module, which has fewer parameters, better cross-layer information exchange, and feature representation capabilities. Propose an efficient bidirectional cross scale connection optimization method that enables the network to perform more detailed and efficient feature fusion without losing original information, refining the mask flow. WIoU Loss is used as the loss function of positioning and segmentation, and the positioning performance of the model is effectively improved through the strategy of dynamically allocating gradient gains. Experiments have shown that our proposed TTIS-YOLO outperforms baseline models and other mainstream instances segmentation algorithms such as Mask RCNN, YOLACT, SOLO, and SOLOV2 with the highest segmentation accuracy and fastest inference speed. Our proposed TTIS-YOLO-S achieves the best balance between segmentation accuracy and inference speed. Compared to the baseline model, the AP50 and recall values on the Cityscapes validation set increased by 1.7% and 0.9%, respectively, with a parameter reduction of 20.6% and, an inference speed of 78.1fps on GeForce RTX 3090Ti. Meanwhile, TTIS-YOLO-L achieved the highest segmentation accuracy, with an AP50 value of 27%, and the model parameter quantity decreased by 35.4% compared to the baseline model.
Audio fault diagnosis of belt conveyors based on improved variational modal decomposition and improved adaptive noise reduction convolutional network in strong noise environments
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Wang Hongwei , Liang Wei , Yao Linhu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Fault diagnosis of belt conveyors is crucial for coal mine production, but audio-based fault diagnosis in underground coal mines remains challenging due to the strong noise environment. To address this problem, a method for audio fault diagnosis of belt conveyors based on improved variational modal decomposition and improved adaptive noise reduction convolutional networks (IANCNs) in strong noise environments is proposed. Firstly, the improved beluga whale optimization is designed by introducing the non-linear balance factor and non-linear probability and combining them with the proposed cyclical shock factor to optimize the variational modal decomposition parameters to achieve noise reduction and signal reconstruction. Secondly, an IANCN is developed using an adaptive threshold activation function and an improved loss function to enhance noise robustness and fault diagnosis accuracy. Finally, the proposed method’s effectiveness is evaluated in low and strong noise environments, with experimental results demonstrating superior fault diagnosis performance. In low noise environments, the fault diagnosis accuracy is 98.61%, and in strong noise environments, it is 98.96%, outperforming existing fault diagnosis methods.
Microscopy studies of InGaN MQWs overgrown on porosified InGaN superlattice pseudo-substrates
Authors: Ji Yihong , Frentrup Martin , Fairclough Simon M , Liu Yingjun , Zhu Tongtong , Oliver Rachel A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, possible origins of small V-pits observed in multiple quantum wells (MQWs) overgrown on as-grown and porosified InGaN superlattice (SL) pseudo-substrates have been investigated. Various cross-sectional transmission microscopy techniques revealed that some of the small V-pits arise from the intersection of threading defects with the sample surface, either as part of dislocation loops or trench defects. Some small V-pits without threading defects are also observed. Energy dispersive x-ray study indicates that the Indium content in the MQWs increases with the averaged porosity of the underlying template, which may either be attributed to a reduced compositional pulling effect or the low thermal conductivity of the porous layer. Furthermore, the porous structure inhibits the glide or extension of the misfit dislocations (MD) within the InGaN SL. The extra strain induced by the higher Indium content and the hindered movement of the MDs combined may explain the observed additional small V-pits present on the MQWs overgrown on the more relaxed templates.