bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of MAFLD-related HCC in Egyptian patients: a single center study
Authors: Barakat Eman Mahmoud , Montasser Iman Fawzy , Zaky Doaa Zakaria , Abdelrazik Yasser Arafat , Farid Hoda Mohammed , Dorry Ahmed El , Shaker Mohammed Kamal 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Globally, MAFLD becomes in the top list of causes of liver disease. Its effect ranges from steatosis, metabolic steato-hepatitis to MAFLD-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is a growing evidence that MAFLD-related HCC seems to be different from HCCs of other causes pathologically, so the purpose of our study was to assess the effect of MAFLD on the prognosis of HCC regarding outcome after management of HCC and survival rate in comparison to a group of patients with HCV-related HCC.

Results
Twenty-nine patients with MAFLD related HCC were included in group A, while 58 patients with HCV related HCC were enrolled as group B. Both groups were matched regarding age and gender. The mean age in group A and B was 58.86 (±8.47) years and 60/05(± 6.83) years respectively. Comparison between both groups regarding tumor burden and characteristics of HCC, type of management, and post intervention follow-up showed no significant statistical difference between both groups except for lymph node metastases which was higher in patients with HCV related HCC with p = 0.045. Also, a significant difference between both studied groups regarding AFP was detected; the median of AFP in MAFLD-related HCC was (7.2 ng/ml) but much higher in HCV-related HCC group (129.2 ng/ml) with p = 0.001.

Conclusion
Our data showed no significant difference between the two studied groups regarding outcome of HCC or survival rate except for AFP level before and after management which was higher in HCV patients related HCC. Although both of inclusion and exclusion criteria were strict to the criteria, so the number of participants in the research were not large enough; to our knowledge, this is the first study on MAFLD-HCC in Egypt and Africa. More studies on prospective bases are essentially needed to stand on solid conclusion about the nature and outcome of MAFLD-related HCC.
Can Incorporating Molecular Testing Improve the Accuracy of Newborn Screening for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?
Authors: Sarafoglou Kyriakie , Gaviglio Amy , Wolf Carrie , Lorentz Cindy P , Lteif Aida , Kyllo Jennifer , Radloff Gretchen , Detwiler Zachary , Cuthbert Carla D , Hodges James S , Grosse Scott D , Greene Christopher N , Cordovado Suzanne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractContextSingle-tier newborn screening (NBS) for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) using 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) measured by fluoroimmunoassay (FIA) in samples collected at 24 to 48 hours produces a high false-positive rate (FPR). Second-tier steroid testing can reduce the FPR and has been widely implemented.ObjectiveWe investigated the accuracy of an alternative multitier CAH NBS protocol that incorporates molecular testing of the CYP21A2 gene and reduces the first-tier 17OHP cutoff to minimize missed cases.MethodsWe create a Minnesota-specific CYP21A2 pathogenic variants panel; developed a rapid, high-throughput multiplex, allele-specific-primer-extension assay; and performed a 1-year retrospective analysis of Minnesota NBS results comparing metrics between a conventional steroid-based 2-tier protocol and a molecular-based multitier NBS protocol, applied post hoc.ResultsCYP21A2 gene sequencing of 103 Minnesota families resulted in a Minnesota-specific panel of 21 pathogenic variants. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention created a molecular assay with 100% accuracy and reproducibility. Two-tier steroid-based screening of 68 659 live births during 2015 resulted in 2 false negatives (FNs), 91 FPs, and 1 true positive (TP). A 3-tier protocol with a lower first-tier steroid cutoff, second-tier 21-variant CYP21A2 panel, and third-tier CYP21A2 sequencing would have resulted in 0 FNs, 52 FPs, and 3 TPs.ConclusionIncorporation of molecular testing could improve the accuracy of CAH NBS, although some distinct challenges of molecular testing may need to be considered before implementation by NBS programs.
Generation and characterization of mature hepatocyte organoids for liver metabolic studies
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Zhou Yaxing , Ahodantin James , Jin Yu , Zhu Juanjuan , Sun Zhonghe , Wu Xiaolin , Su Lishan , Yang Yingzi 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Hepatocyte organoids (HOs) generated in vitro are powerful tools for liver regeneration. However, previously reported HOs have mostly been fetal in nature with low expression levels of metabolic genes characteristic of adult liver functions, hampering their application in studies of metabolic regulation and therapeutic testing for liver disorders. Here, we report development of novel culture conditions that combine optimized levels of triiodothyronine (T3) with the removal of growth factors to enable successful generation of mature hepatocyte organoids (MHOs) of both mouse and human origin with metabolic functions characteristic of adult livers. We show that the MHOs can be used to study various metabolic functions including bile and urea production, zonal metabolic gene expression, and metabolic alterations in both alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as hepatocyte proliferation, injury and cell fate changes. Notably, MHOs derived from human fetal hepatocytes also show improved hepatitis B virus infection. Therefore, these MHOs provide a powerful in vitro model for studies of human liver physiology and diseases. The human MHOs are potentially also a robust research tool for therapeutic development.
A surgical technique for individual control of the muscles of the rabbit lower hindlimb
Authors: Baggaley Michael , Sawatsky Andrew , Ross Stephanie A. , Herzog Walter 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Little is known regarding the precise muscle, bone and joint actions resulting from individual and simultaneous muscle activation(s) of the lower limb. An in situ experimental approach is described herein to control the muscles of the rabbit lower hindlimb, including the medial and lateral gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris and tibialis anterior. The muscles were stimulated using nerve-cuff electrodes placed around the innervating nerves of each muscle. Animals were fixed in a stereotactic frame with the ankle angle set at 90 deg. To demonstrate the efficacy of the experimental technique, isometric plantarflexion torque was measured at the 90 deg ankle joint angle at a stimulation frequency of 100, 60 and 30 Hz. Individual muscle torque and the torque produced during simultaneous activation of all plantarflexor muscles are presented for four animals. These results demonstrate that the experimental approach was reliable, with insignificant variation in torque between repeated contractions. The experimental approach described herein provides the potential for measuring a diverse array of muscle properties, which is important to improve our understanding of musculoskeletal biomechanics.
Single Institution Experience in the Management of Locally Advanced (pT4) Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas
Authors: Sessa Luca , De Crea Carmela , Voloudakis Nikolaos , Pennestri’ Francesco , Revelli Luca , Gallucci Pierpaolo , Perotti Germano , Tagliaferri Luca , Rossi Ernesto , Rossi Esther Diana , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Bellantone Rocco , Raffaelli Marco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Locally infiltrating (T4) differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) represent a challenge. Surgical strategy and adjuvant therapy should be planned balancing morbidity and oncologic outcome. A series of patients with T4 DTC who underwent multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment is reported. The main study endpoints were the oncologic outcome, complication rates, and risk factors for tumor recurrence.

Patients and Methods
All DTC cases operated between 2009 and 2021 were reviewed and T4 DTC cases were identified. En bloc resection of inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN), tracheal, and/or internal jugular vein (IJV) was performed in cases of massive infiltration. In cases of pharyngoesophageal junction (PEJ) invasion, the shaving technique was always applied.

Results
Among 4775 DTC cases, 60 were T4. ILN infiltration was documented in 45 cases (en bloc resection in 9), tracheal infiltration in 14 (tracheal resection in 2), PEJ invasion in 11 (R0 resection in 7 cases and < 1 cm residual tissue in 4 cases), IJV resection in 6, and laryngeal in 2. In total, 11 postoperative ILN palsy, 23 transient hypoparathyroidisms, and 2 hematomas requiring reoperation were registered. Final histology showed 7 pN0, 22 pN1a, and 31 pN1b tumors. Aggressive variants were observed in 47 patients. All but 1 patient underwent radioiodine treatment, 12 underwent adjuvant external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), and 2 underwent chemotherapy. At a median follow-up of 58 months, no tumor-related death was registered, and seven patients required reoperation for recurrence. Tracheal invasion was the only significant factor negatively impacting recurrence (p = 0.045).

Conclusions
A multidisciplinary approach is essential for the management of T4 DTC. Individualized and balanced surgical strategy and adjuvant treatments, in particular EBRT, ensure control of locally advanced disease with acceptable morbidity.
Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding among Chinese mothers in the first 6 months
Authors: Wu Qian , Hengudomsub Pornpat , Wacharasin Chintana 
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims Exclusive breastfeeding duration remains suboptimal among Chinese mothers. Understanding the factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding is essential for developing targeted interventions to promote breastfeeding practices. This study aimed to identify determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months after birth in Xuzhou City, China. Methods This prospective study enrolled 178 mothers, using structured questionnaires for data collection. Subsequent analysis used multiple linear regression to explore factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding duration. Results On average, participants exclusively breastfed for 67 days. Influencing factors included breastfeeding intention, perception of insufficient milk and maternity leave. Conclusions Targeted interventions have the potential to prolong exclusive breastfeeding duration, such as ensuring women develop accurate perceptions of their breast milk supply and extending maternity leave. Implementing these interventions is crucial to achieving the target of 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding, consequently contributing to optimal health benefits for mother–infant dyads in China.
Early therapy evaluation of intra-arterial trastuzumab injection in a human breast cancer xenograft model using multiparametric MR imaging
Authors: Kim Bo Kyu , Kim Byungjun , You Sung-Hye , Jang Moon-Sun , Im Geun Ho , Kim Keon-Ha 
Published: May 2024

PurposeTo investigate the treatment efficacy of intra-arterial (IA) trastuzumab treatment using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a human breast cancer xenograft model.Materials and methodsHuman breast cancer cells (BT474) were stereotaxically injected into the brains of nude mice to obtain a xenograft model. The mice were divided into four groups and subjected to different treatments (IA treatment [IA-T], intravenous treatment [IV-T], IA saline injection [IA-S], and the sham control group). MRI was performed before and at 7 and 14 d after treatment to assess the efficacy of the treatment. The tumor volume, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI parameters (Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and Vp) were measured.ResultsTumor volumes in the IA-T group at 14 d after treatment were significantly lower than those in the IV-T group (13.1 mm3[interquartile range 8.48–16.05] vs. 25.69 mm3[IQR 20.39–30.29], p = 0.005), control group (IA-S, 33.83 mm3[IQR 32.00–36.30], p<0.01), and sham control (39.71 mm3[IQR 26.60–48.26], p <0.001). The ADC value in the IA-T group was higher than that in the control groups (IA-T, 7.62 [IQR 7.23–8.20] vs. IA-S, 6.77 [IQR 6.48–6.87], p = 0.044 and vs. sham control, 6.89 [IQR 4.93–7.48], p = 0.004). Ktrans was significantly decreased following the treatment compared to that in the control groups (p = 0.002 and p<0.001 for vs. IA-S and sham control, respectively). Tumor growth was decreased in the IV-T group compared to that in the sham control group (25.69 mm3[IQR 20.39–30.29] vs. 39.71 mm3[IQR 26.60–48.26], p = 0.27); there was no significant change in the MRI parameters.ConclusionIA treatment with trastuzumab potentially affects the early response to treatment, including decreased tumor growth and decrease of Ktrans, in a preclinical brain tumor model.
Physical activity levels and sleep disturbances in Indonesian primary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gunawan Talitha Dinda , Sekartini Rini 
Published: May 2024

Background During the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Indonesian government implemented a large-scale, social restriction policy, including the closure of schools and recreational facilities, which potentially altered children’s physical activity and sleep patterns.
Objective To analyze for a possible association between physical activity levels and sleep disturbances in Indonesian primary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 437 children aged 7-13 years using data collected online in April-August 2020, including children’s sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity levels, and sleep patterns. The translated Indonesian version of Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) and the Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Abbreviated (CSHQ-A) were used to collect data. The data analyzed consisted of sociodemographic factors and physical activity levels, sociodemographic factors and sleep disturbances, and physical activity levels and sleep disturbances.
Results Most children were physically inactive (60.87%) and experienced sleep disturbances (73.23%) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Female sex and physical inactivity were significantly associated. Male sex and sleep disturbances were significantly associated. Age 7 as the lowest age group was significantly associated with sleep disturbances. There was no significant association (P=0.248) between physical activity levels and sleep disturbances.
Conclusion Most Indonesian primary school students were physically inactive and had sleep disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Female sex and physical inactivity were significantly associated, while male sex and sleep disturbances were significantly associated, age 7 (lower age group) and sleep disturbances were significantly associated. There was no significant association between physical activity levels and sleep disturbances in Indonesian primary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Hipotireoidismo na infância, na adolescência e no adulto: Revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Pires Araquam Anna Karoline , Correia de Souza Arthur Eduardo , Borges Araujo Gomes Brasil Lays , de Oliveira Gomes Maria Luiza , Ferreira da Costa Moises João , Dos Santos Felix Perla Theyssa , Layla Albuquerque Torres de Andrade Lima  
Published: May 2024

O hipotireoidismo é um distúrbio do metabolismo sistêmico caracterizado pela produção deficiente dos hormônios tireoidianos. As etiologias mais prevalentes se modificam pela faixa etária, sexo e epidemiologia, destacando-se o Hipotireoidismo Congênito em recém-nascidos e crianças e a Tireoidite de Hashimoto em adolescentes e adultos. O diagnóstico pode ocorrer tanto pelo programa de triagem neonatal, quanto em postos e redes de saúde da família pelo exame físico e dosagem laboratorial dos hormônios TSH, T4 Livre. A literatura apresenta protocolos atualizados em diagnóstico e tratamento especificado para cada grupo estudado. Com objetivo de trazer à tona as principais informações sobre o hipotireoidismo, revisar conformações já consolidadas pelo meio médico e acrescentar conhecimento sobre as novidades em diagnóstico e tratamento desenvolvidos nas últimas décadas, possibilitando ao médico generalista desenvolver o conhecimento necessário para manejar o paciente com as suas especificações.
Leadership Coaching: Enduring Lessons From Mythology
Authors: Forbes Raymond L. 
Published: May 2024

The juxtaposition of leadership coaching and mythology together in the same sentence is probably enough in itself to set traditionalists on edge. How could a look at the myths of cultures thousands of years old possibly benefit a leadership coach working in a modern, complex, technologically-oriented society? While much of the current literature on leadership coaching takes a non-historical, rational-empirical approach to the subject, a great deal of practical, useful insight can be gained from assessing lessons derived from mythology. The content of leadership coaching typically focuses on the resolution of professional and organizational issues in the present and on the future development of the client. This paper will attempt to show that enduring lessons derived from a look at the mythology of six different ancient cultures are both relevant and useful to the Leadership Coach of today.
Minimum Strongly Connected Subgraph Collection in Dynamic Graphs
Authors: Chen Xin , Shi Jieming , Peng You , Lin Wenqing , Wang Sibo , Zhang Wenjie 
Published: May 2024

Real-world directed graphs are dynamically changing, and it is important to identify and maintain the strong connectivity information between nodes, which is useful in numerous applications. Given an input graphG, we study a new problem,minimum strongly connected subgraph collection(MSCSC), which asks for a complete collection of subgraphs, each of which contains amaximalset of nodes that are strongly connected to each other viaminimumnumber of edges inG.MSCSC is NP-hard, and its computation and maintenance are challenging, especially on large-scale dynamic graphs. Thus, we resort to approximate MSCSC with theoretical guarantees. We develop a series of approximate MSCSC methods for both static and dynamic graphs. Specifically, we first develop a static MSCSC method MSC that only needs one scan of the graphG, runs in linear timew.r.t., the number of edges, and provides rigorous approximation guarantees. Then, based on MSC, we leverage a reduced directed acyclic graph ofGto design incremental MSCSC method MSCiwith two variants to handle edge insertions efficiently. We further develop MSCdthat updates MSCSC under edge deletions by efficiently scanning only locally affected subgraphs. Moreover, to demonstrate the high utility, we conduct two use case studies to apply our MSCSC methods to boost the efficiency of dynamic strongly connected component (SCC) maintenance and dynamic SCC-based reachability index maintenance. Extensive experiments on 8 large graphs, including 3 billion-edge graphs, validate the superior efficiency of our methods.
High‐intensity exercise training using a rotarod instrument (RotaHIIT) significantly improves exercise capacity in mice
Authors: Herrera Jonathan J. , McAllister Christopher M. , Szczesniak Danielle , Goddard Rose‐Carmel , Day Sharlene M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVoluntary or forced exercise training in mice is used to assess functional capacity as well as potential disease‐modifying effects of exercise over a range of cardiovascular disease phenotypes. Compared to voluntary wheel running, forced exercise training enables precise control of exercise workload and volume, and results in superior changes in cardiovascular performance. However, the use of a shock grid with treadmill‐based training is associated with stress and risk of injury, and declining compliance with longer periods of training time for many mouse strains. With these limitations in mind, we designed a novel, high‐intensity interval training modality (HIIT) for mice that is carried out on a rotarod. Abbreviated as RotaHIIT, this protocol establishes interval workload intensities that are not time or resource intensive, maintains excellent training compliance over time, and results in improved exercise capacity independent of sex when measured by treadmill graded exercise testing (GXT) and rotarod specific acceleration and endurance testing. This protocol may therefore be useful and easily implemented for a broad range of research investigations. As RotaHIIT training was not associated cardiac structural or functional changes, or changes in oxidative capacity in cardiac or skeletal muscle tissue, further studies will be needed to define the physiological adaptations and molecular transducers that are driving the training effect of this exercise modality.
L2 repair fluency through the lenses of L1 repair fluency, cognitive fluency, and language anxiety
Authors: Peltonen Pauliina , Olkkonen Sanna , Szyszka Magdalena , Lintunen Pekka 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Repairs (including false starts, repetitions, and different types of self-corrections) have been examined in second language (L2) speech fluency research as one dimension of (dis)fluent speech. However, in contrast to other dimensions of L2 speech fluency (speed and breakdown), repair fluency is not equally well understood: the results are mixed, and more research investigating the factors behind L2 repair fluency is needed. While some previous studies suggest links between first language (L1) and L2 repair fluency, to what extent L2 repairs are connected with cognitive and affective factors is less understood. To achieve a comprehensive view of the factors behind L2 repair fluency, we combine perspectives of L1 repair fluency, attention control, and language anxiety (LA) that have individually been shown to potentially affect L2 repairs but have rarely been examined together. We analyzed data from L1 Finnish and L2 English monologue speech tasks, a Stroop task in L1 and L2, and surveys for general and task-specific LA from 59 advanced users of English to investigate how L1 repair fluency, cognitive fluency, and LA are related to L2 repair fluency. Correlational analyses revealed that task-specific LA and certain Stroop measures were connected with L2 repair measures, while correlations between L1 and L2 repair fluency measures were weak. An analysis of repair profiles of participants displaying the highest levels of L2 repair fluency revealed that, overall, repairs are more common in the L2 than in the L1, but patterns regarding preferences for repair types vary across individuals. The study has methodological implications for psycholinguistic and SLA research into L2 repair fluency and broader implications for L2 classrooms and assessment.
Zusammen mit der Trägereinrichtung für qualifizierten Nachwuchs sorgen
Authors: Lenz Klaudia Charlotte 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Viele Museumsmitarbeiter*innen haben ihren beruflichen Werdegang mit einem Museumsvolontariat begonnen, welches einen Überblick über alle relevanten Bereiche der Museumsarbeit und die Möglichkeit für erste Berufserfahrungen geben soll. Ist dem Museum eine hauseigene Bibliothek angeschlossen, kann diese eine potenzielle Einsatzstation für die Ausbildung von Museumsvolontär*innen darstellen. Diese zeitlich begrenzte Aufgabe kann gleichzeitig schön, aber auch herausfordernd sein. Wie man diese zum Nutzen aller erfolgreich gestalten kann, zeigen die nachfolgenden Ausführungen.