bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival of Overconfidence in Currency Markets
Authors: Oberlechner Thomas , Osler Carol 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper tests the influential hypothesis that irrational traders will be driven out of financial markets by trading losses. The paper’s main finding is that overconfident currency dealers are not driven out of the market. Dealers with extensive experience are neither more nor less overconfident than their junior colleagues. We set the stage for this investigation by providing evidence that currency dealers display two forms of overconfidence: They underestimate uncertainty, and they overestimate their professional success. This is notable because one might have expected the opposite: currency dealers face strong incentives for accuracy, they have access to comprehensive information, and they have extensive experience.
‘Another Puzzle is . . . the Holy Spirit’:De Trinitateas Augustine's Pneumatology
Authors: Awad Najeeb 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn their study of Augustine'sDe Trinitate, scholars read the fifteen books which comprise this text as a monolithically written discourse on the doctrine of the Trinity. This article is an attempt to examine if it is possible to argue on tenable bases that pneumatology, rather than any other doctrine, is the subject of Augustine's text by showing that the interpretation of the identity and consubstantiality of the Spirit occupies inDe Trinitatea more foundational and central place than just being part of Augustine's discussion on the doctrine of the Trinity. It ultimately suggests that freeing Augustine's text from diachronic prejudices means also wondering if he really wanted to write an additional version of the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity which he already followed, or whether he wanted to contribute something new about a relatively neglected doctrine in the faith of the church.
Directional transport of fast electrons at the front target surface irradiated by intense femtosecond laser pulses with preformed plasma
Authors: Lin X.X. , Li Y.T. , Liu B.C. , Liu F. , Du F. , Wang S.J. , Chen L.M. , Zhang L. , Liu X. , Liu X.L. , Wang Z.H. , Ma J.L. , Lu X. , Dong Q.L. , Wang W.M. , Sheng Z.M. , Wei Z.Y. , Zhang J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe effects of laser incidence angle on lateral fast electron transport at front target surface, when a plasma is preformed, irradiated by intense (>1018 W/cm2) laser pulses, are studied by Kα imaging technique and electron spectrometer. A horizontally asymmetric Kα halo, resulting from directional lateral electron transport and energy deposition, is observed for a large incidence angle (70°). Moreover, a group of MeV high energy electrons is emitted along target surface. It is believed that the deformed preplasma and the asymmetrical distribution of self-generated magnetic field, at large incidence angle, play an important role in the directional lateral electron transport.
Analytical and numerical investigation of the pulse-shape effect on the longitudinal electric field of a tightly focused ultrafast few-cycle TM01 laser beam
Authors: Malav Harish , Maheshwari K.P. , Choyal Y. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe effect of temporal pulse-shape on the characterization of the longitudinal electric field resulting from the tight-focusing of an ultrashort few-cycle TM01 laser beam in free space is investigated analytically and numerically. The longitudinal field is found to be sensitive to the pulse-shape of the driving field. The temporal pulse-shapes considered are Gaussian, Lorentzian, and hyperbolic secant having identical full width at half maximum of intensity. Analytical calculations are made beyond the paraxial and slowly varying envelope approximations. From the numerical results we find that due to finite duration of the signal, the evolution of the pulse envelope before the waist is faster (negative time-delay) but slowed down (positive time-delay) after the waist. This time-delay, for single-cycle pulses of wavelength λ0, and for spot-size w0f in the range 0.6λ0 > w0f > 0.25λ0, is pulse-shape dependent. The time delay is maximum for the Gaussian pulse and minimum for the Lorentzian pulse. The carrier frequency shift depends on the temporal profile of the pulse, beam spot size, axial propagating distance and also on the number of cycles in a pulse. In addition, a comparative study of the variation of the corrected axial Gouy- phase of the longitudinal electric field of single-cycle pulse (spot size w0f = 0.5λ0) with normalized retarded time shows that the phase variation is maximum for Gaussian and minimum for the Lorentzian pulse shape.
Effects of extreme cold and aridity on soils and habitability: McMurdo Dry Valleys as an analogue for the Mars Phoenix landing site
Authors: Tamppari L.K. , Anderson R.M. , Archer P.D. , Douglas S. , Kounaves S.P. , Mckay C.P. , Ming D.W. , Moore Q. , Quinn J.E. , Smith P.H. , Stroble S. , Zent A.P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe McMurdo Dry Valleys are among the driest, coldest environments on Earth and are excellent analogues for the Martian northern plains. In preparation for the 2008 Phoenix Mars mission, we conducted an interdisciplinary investigation comparing the biological, mineralogical, chemical, and physical properties of wetter lower Taylor Valley (TV) soils to colder, drier University Valley (UV) soils. Our analyses were performed for each horizon from the surface to the ice table. In TV, clay-sized particle distribution and less abundant soluble salts both suggested vertical and possible horizontal transport by water, and microbial biomass was higher. Alteration of mica to short-order phyllosilicates suggested aqueous weathering. In UV, salts, clay-sized materials, and biomass were more abundant near the surface, suggesting minimal downward translocation by water. The presence of microorganisms in each horizon was established for the first time in an ultraxerous zone. Higher biomass numbers were seen near the surface and ice table, perhaps representing locally more clement environments. Currently, water activity is too low to support metabolism at the Phoenix site, but obliquity changes may produce higher temperatures and sufficient water activity to permit microbial growth, if the populations could survive long dormancy periods (∼106years).
New insights on an old rivalry: Thepassé simpleand thepassé composéin spoken Acadian French
Authors: COMEAU PHILIP , KING RUTH , BUTLER GARY R. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the expression of past temporal reference in a highly conservative variety of Acadian French spoken in the Baie Sainte-Marie region of Nova Scotia, Canada. Variationist analysis of data from a sociolinguistic corpus for the village of Grosses Coques reveals a split between narrative and conversational discourse, with variation mainly between use of thepassé simpleand theimparfaitin the former and between thepassé composéand theimparfaitin the latter. Thepassé simpleremains in robust use in this variety and is constrained in a manner similar to that found in 17th-century representations of colloquial speech involving narration.
Tolerability of antipsychotic drugs: does patients perspective deserve consideration?
Authors: Nosè Michela 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis contribution initially describes some traditional tools that are commonly used to measure drug tolerability, including measures that take into considerations both clinicians’ and patients’ views. Subsequently, it highlights a few studies that compared the patient and clinician's perspective in the evaluation of drug tolerability, trying to understand whether health care providers and patients perceive antipsychotic tolerability in different ways, and whether these different ways may have implica-tions in terms of treatment adherence and outcome. Finally, some clinical and research implications are suggested and discussed.
Social deprivation and mental health. Replicability and applicability in the Italian context of the resource allocation methods developed in the United Kingdom
Authors: Tibaldi Giuseppe , Glover Gyles , Costa Giuseppe , Petrelli Alessio , Munizza Carmine 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYAims— Most of the available evidence on the relationship between socioeconomic indicators of social deprivation and patterns of use of mental health services has been produced in the United Kingdom, where the Ministry of Health has developed a resource allocation formula based upon the results of those studies. The main aim of the paper is to evaluate the replicability in the Italian context of such research, and of the resulting allocation strategies.Methods— Detailed description of the resource allocation method currently adopted in the United Kingdom, whose main purpose consists in reaching the best balance between available funding and patterns of need. Detailed description of resource allocation processes in Italy; discussion of the main methodological and statistical limitations restraining the replicability of the British formula in the Italian context.Conclusions— There is a growing interest in Italy towards the introduction of evidence-based methods in health decision making, in order to correct the overwhelming influence of political issues. What is needed is a better understanding of the relationship between higher levels of equity in health services access, and their effects in terms of better outcomes.Declaration of Interest: the current paper has been developed within a Research Programme funded by the Agenzia Regionale per i Servizi Sanitari, Regione Piemonte (Deliberazione n. 54 del 31.07.02). None of the authors received any additional source of funding for the development of this paper as well as for the related research activities.
Spatial distribution of the risk for metabolic complications: an application in south-east Brazil, 2006–2007
Authors: Nucci Luciana B , Zangirolani Lia TO , Mafra Ana Carolina CN , de Medeiros Maria Angélica T , Cordeiro Ricardo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo identify spatial variation in the risk for metabolic complications (RMC) by means of a semi-parametric approach for multinomial data.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingWe visited 730 households selected in the first of a two-stage sample in South health district in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, 2006–2007.SubjectsWe interviewed 651 individuals and obtained their respective anthropometric measures and geographical coordinates of their house location. They were classified according to a combination of BMI and abdominal circumference as having no risk, increased, high or very high RMC.ResultsGender, age and schooling were associated with RMC. Crude spatial risk for the three levels of RMC in relation to the absence of risk suggested different patterns in each level. Adjusted spatial risk for the RMC showed smaller significant areas, but the pattern remained similar to crude risk.ConclusionsSpatial point analysis with a multinomial approach improves the understanding of differences in RMC found, as we could identify specific areas in which to intervene. The public health significance of these findings may lie in the additional evidence provided that spatial location and its features can influence patterns of RMC.
Comparative analysis of genetic similarity among sorghum (Sorghumbicolor (L.) Moench) lines as revealed by morphological and molecular markers
Authors: Chandrasekara Reddy D. , Audilakshmi S. , Madhusudhana R. , Seetharama N. 
Published: January 2012

The stagnation of sorghum grain yields worldwide and utilization of inbred lines by public and private organizations (multinational seed companies) warrant the understanding of genetic diversity present in inbred lines. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare morphological and molecular diversity analysis and (2) to identify heterotic pools from the genotypes evaluated. Sixty-five rainy-season elite lines were evaluated during the 2006 and 2007 rainy seasons, and 15 post-rainy-season genotypes in the 2003 and 2004 post-rainy seasons for their distinctiveness, uniformity and stability at the Directorate of Sorghum Research, Hyderabad, India. Ninety-three genotypes (ten rainy-season B lines, 13 rainy-season R lines, 36 rainy-season varieties, seven rainy-season hybrids, ten forage varieties and 17 post-rainy-season genotypes) were evaluated using 48 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers that are uniformly distributed over the sorghum genome. From the 93 genotypes analysed, 310 alleles were observed, with an average of 6.5 alleles per locus. A high level of polymorphism (mean 97%) was detected. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.463; P = 0.001) between genetic similarities and morphological similarities was obtained. Unlike previous reports, both methods clearly distinguished B lines, R lines, rainy-season varieties, post-rainy-season varieties and forage varieties. Forage and post-rainy-season varieties present a higher diversity of 60%. This could be because the post-rainy-season varieties are developed from local landraces and forage genotypes from crosses such as Sorghum bicolor × Sudan grass. Herein, we further discuss the grouping of elite genotypes into different heterotic pools.
Overcoming fragmentation in health care: chronic care in Austria, Germany and the Netherlands
Authors: Nolte Ellen , Knai Cécile , Hofmarcher Maria , Conklin Annalijn , Erler Antje , Elissen Arianne , Flamm Maria , Fullerton Brigit , Sönnichsen Andreas , Vrijhoef Hubertus J. M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe growing recognition of care fragmentation is causing many countries to explore new approaches to healthcare delivery that can bridge the boundaries between professions, providers and institutions and so better support the rising number of people with chronic health problems. This paper examines the role of the regulatory, funding and organisational context for the development and implementation of approaches to chronic care, using examples from Austria, Germany and the Netherlands. We find that the three countries have implemented a range of policies and approaches to achieve better coordination within and across the primary and secondary care interface and so better meet the needs of patients with chronic conditions. This has involved changes to the regulatory framework to support more coordinated approaches to care (Austria, Germany), coupled with financial incentives (Austria, Germany) or changes in payment systems (the Netherlands). What is common to the three countries is the comparative ‘novelty’ of policies and approaches aimed at fostering coordinated care; however, the evidence of their impact remains unclear.
Analysis of RF power amplifiers in LINC systems
Authors: Montesinos Ronald , Berland Corinne , Abi Hussein Mazen , Venard Olivier , Descamps Philippe 
Published: January 2012

LInear amplification using Non-linear Components (LINC) is an architecture that achieves linear power amplification for radio-frequency (RF) transmitters. This paper describes the impact of RF power amplifiers (PAs) class on the overall system performances. The linearity and efficiency of the LINC transmitter with different PA classes (AB, B, C, D, E, F, F−1, and J) are evaluated and compared, in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM), adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR), and power added efficiency (PAE), for a 16QAM modulation having 5.6 dB peak to average power ratio. Simulations are performed using a gallium-nitride high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT) for a power amplifier with an output power of 10 W at 900 MHz.
Relative measurements of ozone absorption cross‐sections at three wavelengths in the Hartley band using a well‐defined UV laser beam
Authors: Petersen M. , Viallon J. , Moussay P. , Wielgosz R. I. 
Published: January 2012

New measurements of absorption cross sections of ozone are reported using a photometer with a well‐defined UV laser beam at three different wavelengths in the Hartley band, by comparison with the conventional cross‐section value at the mercury line wavelength of 253.65 nm. Reported measurement results and uncertainties are dependent on the value of the cross section used at 253.65 nm. Using the value determined by Hearn (1961), ozone absorption cross‐section values of 9.64 × 10−18, 10.61 × 10−18, and 11.26 × 10−18 cm2 molecule−1 are reported at wavelengths of 244.06, 248.32, and 257.34 nm, respectively; whereas, use of the Malicet (1995) value leads to ozone absorption cross‐section values of 9.50 × 10−18, 10.45 × 10−18, and 11.12 × 10−18 cm2 molecule−1, respectively. In all cases, the uncertainty of the results is dominated by the contribution from the cross‐section value at 253.65 nm. The experimental setup described in this article not only provides a minor contribution to the entire reported measurement uncertainties but also confirms the internal consistency of previously published ozone absorption cross‐section data sets and demonstrates the biases that can be introduced by changing data sets. The results are important for the accurate measurement of ozone concentrations in the troposphere by UV absorption methods and also for all measurements of ozone concentration in the atmosphere by spectroscopic methods for which the values of the absorption cross sections have been scaled to measured values in the Hartley band.
Modeling Compatible Single-Tree Aboveground Biomass Equations of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana) in South China
Authors: Zeng Wei Sheng , Tang Shou Zheng 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn the background of facing up to the global climate change, it is becoming the inevitable demand to add forest biomass estimation to national forest resource monitoring. The biomass equations to be developed for forest biomass estimation should be compatible with volume equations. Based on the tree volume and aboveground biomass data of Masson pine (Pinus Massoniana Lamb.) in south China, the one, two and three-variable aboveground biomass equations and biomass conversion functions compatible with tree volume equations were constructed using the error-in-variable simultaneous equations in this paper. The results showed: (i) the prediction precision of aboveground biomass estimates from one variable equation was more than 95%; (ii) the regressions of aboveground biomass equations improved slightly when tree height and crown width were used together with diameter on breast height, although the contributions to regressions were statistically significant; (iii) for biomass conversion function on one variable, the conversion factor was decreased with growing diameter, but for conversion function on two variables, the factor was increased with growing diameter while decreased with growing tree height.
Accumulation of β-Conglycinin in Soybean Cotyledon through the Formation of Disulfide Bonds between α′- and α-Subunits
Authors: Wadahama Hiroyuki , Iwasaki Kensuke , Matsusaki Motonori , Nishizawa Keito , Ishimoto Masao , Arisaka Fumio , Takagi Kyoko , Urade Reiko 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
β-Conglycinin, one of the major soybean (Glycine max) seed storage proteins, is folded and assembled into trimers in the endoplasmic reticulum and accumulated into protein storage vacuoles. Prior experiments have used soybean β-conglycinin extracted using a reducing buffer containing a sulfhydryl reductant such as 2-mercaptoethanol, which reduces both intermolecular and intramolecular disulfide bonds within the proteins. In this study, soybean proteins were extracted from the cotyledons of immature seeds or dry beans under nonreducing conditions to prevent the oxidation of thiol groups and the reduction or exchange of disulfide bonds. We found that approximately half of the α′- and α-subunits of β-conglycinin were disulfide linked, together or with P34, prior to amino-terminal propeptide processing. Sedimentation velocity experiments, size-exclusion chromatography, and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis, with blue native PAGE followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE, indicated that the β-conglycinin complexes containing the disulfide-linked α′/α-subunits were complexes of more than 720 kD. The α′- and α-subunits, when disulfide linked with P34, were mostly present in approximately 480-kD complexes (hexamers) at low ionic strength. Our results suggest that disulfide bonds are formed between α′/α-subunits residing in different β-conglycinin hexamers, but the binding of P34 to α′- and α-subunits reduces the linkage between β-conglycinin hexamers. Finally, a subset of glycinin was shown to exist as noncovalently associated complexes larger than hexamers when β-conglycinin was expressed under nonreducing conditions.
Molecular characterization and tissue‐specific gene expression of Dermacentor variabilis α‐catenin in response to rickettsial infection
Authors: Sunyakumthorn P. , Petchampai N. , Kearney M. T. , Sonenshine D. E. , Macaluso K. R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAlpha catenin is a cytoskeleton protein that acts as a regulator of actin rearrangement by forming an E‐cadherin adhesion complex. In Dermacentor variabilis, a putative α‐catenin (Dvα‐catenin) was previously identified as differentially regulated in ovaries of ticks chronically infected with Rickettsia montanensis. To begin characterizing the role(s) of Dvα‐catenin during rickettsial infection, the full‐length Dvα‐catenin cDNA was cloned and analysed. Comparative sequence analysis demonstrates a 3069‐bp cDNA with a 2718‐bp open reading frame with a sequence similar to Ixodes scapularisα‐catenin. A portion of Dvα‐catenin is homologous to the vinculin‐conserved domain containing a putative actin‐binding region and β‐catenin‐binding and ‐dimerization regions. Quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR analysis demonstrated that Dvα‐catenin is predominantly expressed in tick ovaries and is responsive to tick feeding. The tissue‐specific gene expression analysis of ticks exposed to Rickettsia demonstrates that Dvα‐catenin expression was significantly downregulated 12 h after exposure to R. montanensis, but not in Rickettsia amblyommii‐exposed ovaries, compared with Rickettsia‐unexposed ticks. Studying tick‐derived molecules associated with rickettsial infection will provide a better understanding of the transmission dynamics of tick‐borne rickettsial diseases.
High‐yield Platelet units revealed immediate pH decline and delayed mitochondrial dysfunction during storage in 100% plasma as compared with storage in SSP+
Authors: Sandgren P. , Stjepanovic A. 
Published: January 2012

Background and Objectives  Initial elevated and prolonged high carbon dioxide levels related to mitochondrial dysfunction are recently being suggested as a contributing factor to rapid pH decline in platelet (PLT) units. The use of different storage environments may influence this phenomenon. This study has two objectives (i) to investigate the relationship of mitochondrial function and apoptotic events with different storage environments capability of pH control and (ii) to examine the cause and relationship between pH decline in PLT units, carbon dioxide levels and mitochondrial function.Materials and Methods  Platelet units were prepared for storage in (A) 70% SSP+, 300–400 × 109/unit, (B) 70% SSP+, 550–600 × 109/unit, (C) 100% plasma, 550–600 × 109/unit, and (D) additional 100% plasma, >600 × 109/unit. In vitro variables including mitochondrial function (JC‐1), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase 3 activity were analysed on days 2, 5 and 7.Results  Glucose/lactate was higher, pH, ATP, Hypotonic shock response (HSR) and extent of shape change (ESC) decreased (P < 0·001 on day 7), CD62P (P < 0·001 on day 7) increased, the JC‐1‐positive PLTs were lower (P < 0·001 on day 7), and ROS was higher (P < 0·001 days 2–7) in the plasma (C) units as compared with the SSP+ (A) and (B) units. All plasma (D) units showed rapid pH and pCO2 decline from day 2 but by means of >80% maintenance of mitochondrial function until day 7.Conclusions  The use of SSP+ instead of plasma may reduce the risk of triggering pro‐apoptotic events in high‐yield PLT units. A rapid decline in pH in PLT units cannot be explained with initial elevated and prolonged high carbon dioxide levels and mitochondrial dysfunction.