bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The posthuman: the end and the beginning of the human
Authors: Campbell Norah , O'Driscoll Aidan , Saren Michael 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Posthumanism is used as a collective term to understand “any discursive or bodily configuration that displaces the human, humanism, and the humanities” (Halberstam and Livingston 1995:vii, emphasis added). There are compelling reasons for introducing posthumanism to consumer research. Consumer research often theorises technology as an externalised instrument that the human creates, uses, and controls. In the 21st century we are beginning to realise that, far from being a mere tool, technology is the centre of critical thought about culture and about nature. It has recently been suggested that marketing and consumer research now need to think about technology in a manner which reflects its ubiquity, its deeper symbolic and aesthetic dimensions, and the ways in which it can radically change humanness and human‐centred approaches to researching the world. Posthumanism is fundamental to theorising humanness in an era that is witnessing the complexification of new technologies. To follow a posthuman mode of thinking will lead to important ethical and metaphysical insights.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exercise training increases hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress protein expression in MTP‐inhibited high‐fat fed rats
Authors: Chapados Natalie Ann , Lavoie Jean‐Marc 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe purpose of the study was: (1) to determine the effects of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibition on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in liver, and (2) to determine if this response is altered in exercise‐trained rats. Female Sprague‐Dawley rats (6 weeks) fed either a standard (SD) or a high‐saturated fat (HF; 43% as energy) diet were trained (Tr) or kept sedentary (Sed) for 6 week. Exercise training consisted of continuous running on a motor‐driven rodent treadmill 5 times/week. Ten days before the end of these interventions, rats were administrated (ip) daily a MTP inhibitor (MTPX) or a placebo (P). MTPX injection resulted in a large (p < 0.01) liver triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in SD and HF‐fed rats (∼200 mg g−1), irrespective of the training status, while plasma TAG levels were largely (∼80%) decreased (p < 0.01). MTPX injection in HF but not in SD‐fed animals resulted in an increase in BiP/GRP78, ATF6, PERK, and XBP‐1 mRNA levels, (p < 0.01) indicating an increase in the unfolding protein response (UPR) to ER stress. Interestingly, exercise training in rats fed the HF diet resulted in a further increase in BiP/GRP78 and XBP‐1 mRNA levels in MTPX animals (p < 0.01). It is concluded that: (1) ER stress induced by MTPX occurs only in HF‐fed rats despite the fact that liver TAG levels were largely increased in both dietary models; (2) the increase in gene expression of UPR markers with training may constitute a protective mechanism against ER stress in liver. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Incorporating Fréchet Dendrons into Rotaxanes and Molecular Shuttles Containing the 1,2‐Bis(pyridinium)ethane⊂[24]Crown‐8 Templating Motif
Authors: Tramontozzi David A. , Suhan Natalie D. , Eichhorn S. Holger , Loeb Stephen J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFréchet‐type dendrons (G0–G3) were added as both axle stoppering units and cyclic wheel appendages in a series of [2]rotaxanes, [3]rotaxanes, and molecular shuttles that employ 1,2‐bis(pyridinium)ethane axles and 24‐membered crown ethers wheels. The addition of dendrimer wedges as stoppering units dramatically increased the solubility of simple [2]rotaxanes in nonpolar solvents. The X‐ray structure of a G1‐stoppered [2]rotaxane shows how the dendritic units affect the structure of the interlocked components. Increased solubility allows observation of how the interaction of dendritic units on separate components in interlocked molecules influences switching properties and molecular size. In a series of [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles incorporating two recognition sites, it was demonstrated that an increase in generation on either the stoppering unit or cyclic wheel could influence both the rate of shuttling and the site preference of the wheel on the axle.
Zusammenhang zwischen dem Trocknungsverlauf und Gutsdicke bei wasserfeuchten, plattenförmigen Gütern Teil 2: Einfache Umrechnungsmethoden für die Trocknungszeit
Authors: Gierecki Ł. , Kind M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractKonvektionstrockner für plattenförmige Güter werden in vielen Industriebranchen eingesetzt. Da der Investitionsaufwand und Energieverbrauch von sehr langen Trocknern erheblich sind, werden die Trockner zur Verbesserung der Wirtschaftlichkeit in mehrere Trocknungszonen aufgeteilt. Die einzelnen Trocknerzonen werden durch die entsprechende Wahl von unterschiedlichen Lufttemperaturen und Luftgeschwindigkeiten optimiert. Die Produktqualität spielt bei dem Optimierungsprozess eine wichtige Rolle. Wird im Produktionsprozess die Gutsdicke variiert, so müssen die Trocknungsbedingungen entsprechend modifiziert werden, um eine gleichbleibende Produktqualität zu gewährleisten. Oft stehen bei der Auslegung von Trocknern die Trocknungsverlaufskurven oder Betriebsdaten von bereits arbeitenden Trocknern zur Verfügung. Will man anhand dieser Daten einen Trockner für eine neue Plattendicke auslegen, so stellt sich die Frage, mit welcher Methode sich die vorhandenen Daten auf die neue Plattendicke übertragen lassen. Diese interessante Frage soll im Folgenden anhand eines durch experimentelle Daten geprüften Modells beantwortet werden.
Mikrostrukturapparate im verfahrens‐ und anlagentechnischen Praktikum
Authors: Maikowske S. , Brandner J. J. , Lange R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMikrostrukturapparate eröffnen der Verfahrenstechnik neue leistungsstarke Wege der Prozessführung. Daher wird die Mikroverfahrenstechnik seit einiger Zeit als entscheidende und zukunftsweisende Schlüsseltechnologie in den Bereichen Prozessintensivierung und maßgeschneiderte Prozessführung innerhalb der Verfahrenstechnik betrachtet. Für die weitere Verbreitung und Anwendung dieser Technologie ist es unabdingbar, die Konzepte und Ideen der Mikroverfahrenstechnik dem Ingenieurnachwuchs bereits im Studium zu unterbreiten.
Multivariate Kalibrierung, Selektivität und die SBC‐Methode
Authors: Marbach R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDie Kalibrierung multivariater Messinstrumente wie z. B. Spektrometer ist einfacher als in der Literatur üblicherweise suggeriert. In Finnland wird seit 2001 eine moderne Methode zur multivariaten Kalibrierung eingesetzt (Science Based Calibration (SBC)), die die meisten der traditionell mit dem Begriff Chemometrie assoziierten Probleme eliminiert. Die Methode kombiniert die besten Eigenschaften der beiden vorher separat existierenden Ansätze, d. h. die Vorhersagegenauigkeit der statistischen Kalibrierung (Partial Least Squares (PLS) etc.) mit der Einfachheit der klassischen Kalibrierung (spektrales Fitting). Zeitaufwand und Kosten für die Kalibrierung werden im Vergleich zur heute üblichen PLS‐Methode deutlich reduziert. Die Notwendigkeit, absichtlich Variationen in einem ansonsten stabilen Prozess einzuführen (Kalibrierstandards) gibt es nicht mehr. Die Selektivität der Messung kann aus spektroskopischen Grundprinzipien nachgewiesen werden, d. h. ohne die Notwendigkeit einer Referenzmethode. Diese und andere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der Tatsache, dass die Kalibrierung – vergleichbar zum univariaten Fall – für den Benutzer transparent wird.
Does customer engagement with internet based services influence adoption of other new products?
Authors: White Darin W. , Harrison Joe C. , Turner Sam 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe impact of the Internet on how and when individuals decide to adopt new products and services remains a critical yet under examined topic. This research examines the linkage between Internet use and the new product diffusion process through the examination of a very large, detailed, Internet usage dataset. Our 12‐month longitudinal analysis of 34,731 customers' Internet related behaviours indicates that the introduction of Internet based services is positively correlated with expedited adoption behaviour. Customers that utilized a company's Internet related service innovations were over twice as likely to adopt the company's new product offering during the first year of introduction. We conclude by discussing the implications and need for additional research. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cost‐effectiveness of treatment and endoscopic surveillance of precancerous lesions to prevent gastric cancer
Authors: Yeh Jennifer M. , Hur Chin , Kuntz Karen M. , Ezzati Majid , Goldie Sue J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although surveillance for Barrett esophagus and other gastrointestinal precancerous conditions is recommended, no analogous guidelines exist for gastric lesions. The objective of this study was to estimate the clinical benefits and cost‐effectiveness of treatment and endoscopic surveillance to prevent gastric cancer.METHODS:The authors developed a state‐transition decision model for a cohort of US men with a recent incidental diagnosis of gastric precancerous lesions (dysplasia, intestinal metaplasia, or atrophy). Strategies included 1) no surveillance or treatment and 2) referral for surveillance and treatment, and varied by surveillance frequency (none, every 10 years, every 5 years, or every year) and treatment modality for dysplastic and cancerous lesions (surgery or endoscopic mucosal resection [EMR]). The term “post‐treatment surveillance” was restricted to surveillance of individuals after treatment. Data were based on published literature and databases. Outcomes included lifetime gastric cancer risk, quality‐adjusted life expectancy, lifetime costs, and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios.RESULTS:For a cohort of men with dysplasia aged 50 years, the lifetime gastric cancer risk was 5.9%. EMR with annual surveillance reduced the lifetime cancer risk by 90% and cost $39,800 per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY). Addition of post‐treatment surveillance every 10 years provided little incremental benefit (∼5%) but cost >$1 million per QALY. Results were most sensitive to surgical risks and the proportion of lesions completely removed with EMR. For intestinal metaplasia, surveillance every 10 years reduced lifetime cancer risk by 61% and cost $544,500 per QALY.CONCLUSIONS:EMR with surveillance every 1 to 5 years for gastric dysplasia was promising for secondary cancer prevention and had a cost‐effectiveness ratio that would be considered attractive in the United States. Endoscopic surveillance of less advanced lesions did not appear to be cost‐effective, except possibly for immigrants from high‐risk countries. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Association between YKL‐40 and adult primary astrocytoma
Authors: Zhang Wei , Kawanishi Masahiko , Miyake Keisuke , Kagawa Masahiro , Kawai Nobuyuki , Murao Koji , Nishiyama Akira , Fei Zhou , Zhang Xiang , Tamiya Takashi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The YKL‐40 coding chitinase 3‐like 1 gene is 1 of the most overexpressed genes in human glioblastomas. The objectives of this study were to explore YKL‐40 protein expression status and World Health Organization (WHO) pathologic grades of primary human astrocytoma and to investigate the role of YKL‐40 in the proliferation of both established and primary astrocytoma cells in vitro.METHODS:WHO grade 1, 2, 3, and 4 primary astrocytomas (210 patients) were evaluated for YKL‐40 protein expression status in immunohistochemical analyses. In addition, after transfection with a plasmid that contained YKL‐40 small‐interfering RNA (siRNA), cell proliferation and the cell cycle were measured with a cell‐viability assay and flow cytometry. Expression levels of phosphorylated, total mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase B (AKT) were detected by Western blot analysis.RESULTS:The percentage of positive cells and the staining intensity differed significantly between different pathologic tumor grades (P < .001). The YKL‐40 immunoreactivity score increased markedly with increased pathologic grade (F = 18.89; P < .001). In the in vitro experiment, the cell cycle was arrested in G1 phase. An inhibitor of the p38 MAPK, SB203580, could partially abrogate the cell proliferation inhibition effect by siRNA treatment. The expression levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 and phosphorylated AKT were notably decreased in siRNA‐transfected U87 cells. In contrast, the expression levels of phosphorylated p38 and phosphorylated c‐jun N‐terminal kinase 1 and 2 increased significantly (P < .01).CONCLUSIONS:YKL‐40 expression status correlated well with the pathologic grade of primary astrocytomas. The current results also indicted that YKL‐40 plays a pivotal role in glioma cell proliferation through activation of the MAPK and AKT pathways. YKL‐40 may be an attractive target for glioma therapy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Extensive inguinal lymphadenectomy improves overall 5‐year survival in penile cancer patients
Authors: Johnson Timothy V. , Hsiao Wayland , Delman Keith A. , Jani Ashesh B. , Brawley Otis W. , Master Viraj A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:European Urological Association guidelines recommend potentially curative inguinal lymphadenectomy for certain cases of penile cancer such as grade 3 and pT2‐4 lesions, among others. Anecdotally, the authors have noticed that few patients undergo inguinal lymphadenectomy. Therefore, they assessed the frequency of inguinal lymphadenectomy and the impact of dissection extent on survival using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.METHODS:The authors queried 17 SEER registries from 1988 through 2005 for grade 3 and pT2‐4 penile cancer patients without distant metastases. Univariate and multivariate analyses examined predictors of inguinal lymphadenectomy. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression analyses assessed overall 5‐year survival across patient‐ and disease‐related characteristics for patients receiving inguinal lymphadenectomy involving <8 or ≥8 lymph nodes, the latter a surrogate for extent of dissection based on other malignancies.RESULTS:Of 593 patients enrolled, only 26.5% received inguinal lymphadenectomy. In addition to grade 3 (P = .031) and pT2‐4 disease (P = .004), age <65 years (P < .001) and marital status (P = .002) were significantly associated with receiving lymph node dissection. Increased overall 5‐year survival (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.36‐0.79) was observed in patients of all ages who received lymphadenectomy involving ≥8 lymph nodes.CONCLUSIONS:A significant number of penile cancer patients at risk for metastases have not received potentially curative inguinal lymphadenectomy. Patients receiving inguinal lymphadenectomy involving ≥8 lymph nodes experienced improved overall 5‐year survival. Guidelines should not only be given more emphasis, but possibly be updated to reflect the benefit of extensive lymph node dissection in high‐risk penile cancer patients. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Sharp interface limit for invariant measures of a stochastic Allen‐Cahn equation
Authors: Weber Hendrik 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe invariant measure of a one‐dimensional Allen‐Cahn equation with an additive space‐time white noise is studied. This measure is absolutely continuous with respect to a Brownian bridge with a density that can be interpreted as a potential energy term. We consider the sharp interface limit in this setup. In the right scaling this corresponds to a Gibbs‐type measure on a growing interval with decreasing temperature. Our main result is that in the limit we still see exponential convergence towards a curve of minimizers of the energy if the interval does not grow too fast. In the original scaling, the measure is concentrated on configurations with precisely one jump. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Periodic Orbits near equilibria
Authors: Barreira Luis , Llibre Jaume , Valls Claudia 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLyapunov, Weinstein, and Moser obtained remarkable theorems giving sufficient conditions for the existence of periodic orbits emanating from an equilibrium point of a differential system with a first integral. Using averaging theory, we establish a similar result for a differential system without assuming the existence of a first integral. Our result can also be interpreted as a kind of special Hopf bifurcation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solution‐Processed Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Anthracene Derivatives
Authors: Chung Dae Sung , Park Jong Won , Yun Won Min , Cha Hyojung , Kim Yun‐Hi , Kwon Soon‐Ki , Park Chan Eon 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSolution‐processed small‐molecule bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells are fabricated by using [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as electron acceptor and triisopropylsilylethynyl anthracene (TIPSAnt) derivatives substituted with naphthalene (TIPSAntNa) and bithiophene (TIPSAntBT) as electron donors. In contrast to TIPS–pentacene, the TIPSAnt derivatives are not susceptible to Diels–Alder reactions with PCBM when processed in solution, as confirmed by UV/Vis measurements. Photoluminescence quenching measurements show exciton diffusion lengths of 5 and 3 nm for TIPSAntBT and TIPSAntNa, respectively. Blending TIPSAntBT and TIPSAntNa with PCBM (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 weight ratios) produces films that possess adequate hole and electron mobilities. The morphological changes that result from varying the blending ratio range from obvious phase‐segregated crystalline domains at a 1:1 ratio to homogeneous, nearly amorphous phases at a 1:4 ratio. Bulk heterojunction solar cells prepared by using a TIPSAntBT:PCBM blend reach power conversion efficiencies as high as 1.4 %.
Coupling reaction and complex formation for the spectrophotometric determination of physiologically active catecholamines in bulk, pharmaceutical preparations and urine samples of schizophrenic patients
Authors: Nour El‐Dien Faten A. , Frag Eman Y. A. , Mohamed Gehad G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of three catecholamines namely dopamine hydrochloride (DO.HCl), dobutamine hydrochloride (DOB.HCl) and vanillymandelic acid (VMA), in both pure form or in their commercially available pharmaceutical formulations or urine samples of schizopherinic patients is described. The method is based on the reaction of diazotized 4‐aminoantipyrine (4‐AAP) with catecholamines in a basic medium (pH = 10–11) to yield pink‐coloured products having absorption maxima at 500, 505 and 480 nm for DO.HCl, VMA and DOB.HCl, respectively. Before carrying out Beer's Law, different experimental conditions, such as time, temperature, sequence of addition, and pH are optimized. The coloured species obeyed Beer's Law in the range of 47.4–417.2, 59.45–445.9 and 67.57–405.4 mg/L for DO.HCl, VMA and DOB.HCl, respectively. The molar absorptivity values as obtained from Beer's Law data were found to be 2.979 × 104, 4.39 × 104 and 1.036 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1, while Sandell's sensitivity values were observed to be 3 × 10−3, 4.4 × 10−3 and 1.3 × 10−3 µg cm2− for DO.HCl, VMA and DOB.HCl, respectively. Common excipients did not interfere with the proposed method. The results of the proposed method compare favourably with those of official methods. The proposed method offers simplicity, reliability, rapidity, and accuracy compared to the existing methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using vertical micro reactor stack for the detection of biomolecules
Authors: Matsui Katsuhiro , Morimoto Syohei , Asano Toshifumi , Ukita Yoshiaki , Kato Dai‐Ichiro , Takeo Masahiro , Utsumi Yuichi , Negoro Seiji 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMicro reactors and micro total analysis systems (µTAS) are recognized as powerful tools for genomics, proteonomics, clinical diagnostics, and environmental testing. In this paper, we describe an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a new micro reactor with a vertical fluid flow operation. This micro reactor is composed of two reaction vessels stacked along the vertical through PMMA fluid filters (Ø 3 mm). The fluid filters, constructed by deep X‐ray lithography, have 2100 pores (Ø 40μm), and possess valve functions, making it possible to maintain the liquid layers in each reaction vessel. In addition, the liquid can be selectively transferred by air pressure from the upper vessel to the lower, and vice versa. As a model of ELISA using the micro reactor, we undertook to detect mouse immunoglobulin (IgG). We bound goat anti‐IgG antibody to the surface of the PMMA filters and assayed the IgG by ELISA using an anti‐IgG antibody/peroxidase conjugate. We found that the mouse IgG (100 ng/ml) was quantitatively detected within 45 minutes of the analytical period, or about one‐third of the period required for the conventional method using micro titer plates. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(4): 50–57, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10137
A cooperative distance learning method based on narrow‐band Internet and its evaluation
Authors: Tilwaldi Dilmurat , Takahashi Toshiya , Takata Akinobu , Koizumi Hisao 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper describes the experimental evaluation of a cooperative distance learning method, which can be utilized on narrow‐band Internet. In this method, students in a group learning environment perform a series of study tasks several times, then create an online report, communicating through a chat facility about a given topic. They try to gain a benefit from their study through a more cooperative attitude. The teacher gives a short lecture at the first stage, and then gives supplementary explanations after ascertaining the degree of understanding by the students at the middle stage of the study. Teaching materials are distributed to the students' PCs beforehand and the lecture can be carried out in a narrow‐band environment by transmitting commands. The teacher analyzes the students' communication logs and gives advice for the next study session. This paper describes the result of an evaluation of the proposed method involving a simulated installation of the environment within the campus, which simulated a trial of cooperative distance learning in the periphery of an overseas desert environment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(4): 36–49, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10139
Spectral reflectance characteristics of sugar beet under different levels of irrigation water and relationships between growth parameters and spectral indexes
Authors: Köksal Eyüp Seli̇m , Güngör Yetki̇n , Yildirim Yusuf Ersoy 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe use of spectral vegetation indexes requires an experimental background. In this study field trials were conducted during 2004 and 2005 on sugar beet. Seven different irrigation treatments were applied. During the experiments soil water status, spectral reflectance, leaf area, plant dry weight and yield were observed and recorded. Water and yield relationships were determined and water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated. The relationships between spectral vegetation indexes and agronomic parameters were determined. According to the results, excessive irrigation does not increase yield and when nearly 500 mm water is used, maximum WUE is 7.2 kg m−3. The highest determination coefficients were calculated between LAI and simple ratio (SR, R2 = 0.59), sugar beet yield and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI, R2 = 0.91). Consequently, spectral indexes, which can be calculated from data obtained through either handheld spectroradiometers or satellites, could prove useful tools for agricultural monitoring and management. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.