bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of cascaded arc He plasma in a compact linear plasma device using voltammetry and optical emission spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhou Hai-shan , Li Xue-chun , Liu Hao-dong , Zhu Yi-wen , Luo Guang-nan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cascaded arc plasma has been widely applied in linear plasma devices (LPDs) to produce high flux plasma for the study of plasma-material interaction. In this work, cascaded arc He plasma produced in an LPD with a compact arrangement is investigated by voltammetry and optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The results show that the cathode potential increases with the discharge current while it firstly decreases and then increases as increasing the gas flow rate. A local reverse electric field is observed at low gas flow rates between two cascaded plates (i.e. floating electrodes) near the cathode. The OES’ results reveal that as the gas flow rate increases, the intensity of He I lines increases and the electron excitation temperature (T

exc
) decreases. As increasing the discharge current, the intensity of He lines exhibits various trends at different gas flow rates, showing a monotonic decline at 1.94 slm and a first increase followed by a reduction at 3.52 slm. The T

exc
increases with the discharge current. These findings could preliminarily shed light on the properties of cascaded arc of He plasma in the compact LPD and aid in the optimization of the device to generate the high-flux divertor-relevant plasma.
Optimizing FDM process parameters: predictive insights through taguchi, regression, and neural networks
Authors: Khusheef Ahmed Shany , Hashemi Ramin , Shahbazi Mohammad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a popular additive manufacturing process used for rapid prototyping and the production of complex geometries. Despite its popularity, FDM’s susceptibility to variations in numerous process parameters can significantly impact the quality, design, functionality, and mechanical properties of 3D printed parts. This study explores thirteen FDM process parameters and their influence on the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) polymer, encompassing surface roughness, warpage, tensile and bending strength, elongation at break, deformation, and microhardness. The optimum parameters were identified alongside key contributors by applying the Taguchi method, signal-to-noise ratios, and analysis of variances (ANOVA). Notably, specific FDM parameters significantly affect the surface profile, with layer thickness contributing 32.65% and fan speed contributing 8.59% to the observed variations. Similarly, warping values show notable influence from nozzle temperature (29.53%), wall thickness (16.74%), layer thickness (16.56%), and retraction distance (12.80%). Tensile strength is primarily determined by wall thickness (31.83%), followed by infill percentage (26.73%) and infill pattern (16.18%). Elongation at break predominantly correlates with wall thickness (44.82%), with a supplementary contribution from nozzle temperature (10.90%). Microhardness lacks a dominant parameter. Bending strength variations primarily arise from layer thickness (38%), wall thickness (37.6%), and infill percentage (9.17%). Deformation tendencies are influenced by layer thickness (19.20%), print speed (11.37%), wall thickness, and fan speed (10.9% each). The optimized dataset of FDM process parameters was then employed in two prediction models: multiple-regression and artificial neural network (ANN). Evaluation based on the correlation coefficient (R2) and root mean squared error (RMSE) indicates that the ANN model outperforms the multiple-regression approach. The results indicate that precise control of FDM parameters, coupled with ANN predictions, facilitates the fabrication of 3D printed parts with the desired mechanical characteristics.
Perturbative stability analysis of deformable charged bodies revealing the mathematical origin of Planck constant
Authors: Bhattacharya Sukalyan , Bhattacharya Sonal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article considers elementary particles like electrons as finitely sized deformable bodies and analyzes the classical mechanics of their interior continuum. The consequent findings answer a long-standing question in physics by computing Planck constant mathematically. It also explains quantum phenomena like wave-particle duality, uncertainty principle and atomic stability without resorting to phenomenological relations like Planck’s law or Bohr’s postulates. The analysis introduces the criteria for perpetual stability under arbitrary perturbations to compensate for the lack of system-defining initial conditions typically available in a classical mechanics problem. Accordingly, unperturbed leading order field solutions are first constructed from steady rotation and axisymmetric electromagnetic potentials. Then, novel perturbation theories uniquely render the particulate geometry along with mass and charge distributions by exploiting the stability conditions. The approach reveals the perpetually stable body to have surface charges encapsulating a slender disk with a radius-to-thickness ratio 51.36 and a rim velocity of 0.09798c. The volumetric densities for rest-mass and charge are seen to vary with dimensionless radius (r) as

(
1
−

r

2

)

−
3

/

2

and

(
1
−

r

2

)

−
2

. The theory infers that the deformable system with many degrees of freedom would exhibit several pulsating modes. One such vibration, named quantum mode in this paper, causes spontaneous oscillation of the particulate center in the equatorial plane with a unique time period of oscillation. This wavy motion manifests wave-particle duality, whereas its probabilistic amplitude is identified as the reason behind quantum uncertainties. Moreover, in response to external fields, the charge deforms to create dipoles which can nullify radiation-inducing Poynting vector to ensure atomic stability. Finally, the Planck constant is retrieved after dividing the rest-energy by the frequency of the quantum mode. Thus, the paper concludes that a new detailed mechanics can potentially describe subatomic physics if charges are perceived as perpetually stable but readily deformable finite bodies, not rigid shape-less entities.
Exploration of the optical characteristics in sol-gel synthesized europium-doped zinc oxide thin films for potential optoelectronic use: a comprehensive characterization approach
Authors: Tahir Asma , Bujran M Ashraf , Want Basharat 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, we present our findings on the spin coated pure Zinc-Oxide (ZnO) nanowire arrays and Europium doped ZnO (Eu3+: ZnO) nanostructure thin films. These arrays were grown on soda lime (silica) coated glass substrate. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the structural and optical properties of the as-synthesized nanostructures. The characterization techniques included x-ray Diffraction, FESEM Analysis, Raman Spectroscopy, Photoluminescence and UV–vis Analysis. The XRD findings indicate the incorporation of Europium (Eu3+) into the ZnO crystalline lattice, potentially replacing Zn2+ ions. This doping with Europium (Eu3+) led to a reduction in crystalline size, as determined by Scherrer’s equation decreasing from 48 nm to 28 nm demonstrates a decrease in defects within the films. Raman Shift analysis revealed changes in the optical properties of films with inclusion of Europium in host matrix. Photoluminescence studies demonstrated a distinctive 5D0 to 7F2 transition arising from the Eu3+ ions, observed at approximately 612 nm. We have thoroughly examined the optical characteristics of both Europium-doped and pure ZnO thin films through a systematic study. The optical properties were assessed by analyzing the absorption spectra (220–600 nm) and transmission spectra within the wavelength range of 200 to 1200 nm. The film exhibited an impressive 80% transparency, particularly noteworthy for window layer application. The refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k) and all other associated parameters were found to be impacted by the doping of Europium. The refractive index dispersion relation has been explored using a single oscillator model. Furthermore, the non-linear optical susceptibility (χ
3) and non-linear refractive index were computed using semi-empirical relationships based on the linear optical parameters. The Europium (Eu3+) doping in ZnO led to an increase in the χ
3 value elevating it from 4.07 × 10–1° to 5.91 × 10–1° e.s.u. These findings suggest that Europium-doped ZnO nanostructures have the potential to be a promising platform for the development of efficient multispectral light-emitting diodes (LED’s) and optical devices.
Revisiting the energy spectrum of the radial screened Coulomb potential
Authors: Xu Lei , Fernández Francisco M , Jiao Li Guang , Montgomery Henry E , Ho Yew Kam , Fritzsche Stephan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We revisit the energy spectrum of the radial screened Coulomb potential

V
(
r
)
=
−
exp
(
−
C

/

r
)

/

r

and analyze the small- and large-parameter (C) asymptotic laws of the system eigenenergies in both the original and C-scaled Schrödinger equations. The discrepancy observed in our previous work [Xu et al (2023) Phys. Lett. A
483, 129 064] with the numerical calculations of Stachura and Hancock [(2021) J. Phys. Commun.
5, 065 004] is resolved by reinterpreting their results as the eigenenergies of two-body systems of equal mass. We derive an improved analytical expression for system energies at small values of C and an approximate asymptotic law for arbitrary l-state energies when C approaches infinity. The behavior of the scaled system energies and wave functions is analyzed in the large-parameter limit. The present study provides solid proof that the radial screened Coulomb potential supports an infinite number of bound states for finite values of screening parameter, which completes the investigation of the energy spectrum of this special potential.
Multiple scroll attractors and multistability in the collective dynamics of a four chain coupled hopfield inertial neuron network: analysis and circuit design investigations
Authors: Sogui Dongmo T N , Kengne Jacques 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This work deals with the chain bidirectional coupling of four inertial Hopfield neurons. Each of our cells taken alone is modeled by a second order differential equation having three resting points. Coupling these neurons helps increasing the number of fixed points that is related to the amount of memory assigned to the network. The system having a hyperbolic tangent as nonlinearity is investigated with the help of suitable nonlinear dynamical tools like bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent diagrams and phase portraits to resort the richness of the model. As the coupling adds the amount of equilibriums, it also helps in generating multiple scroll attractors. The system that was unable of oscillation presents firing patterns such as parallel branches, coexistence of up to sixteen attractors in the phase plane, extreme events and Hopf bifurcation to name a few. All these features are discovered when observing the coupling strengths, the dissipation coefficient and when programming initial states around sensitive equilibriums. The electronic version of the four-chain coupled inertial neurons system is provided and simulated on Pspice with the aim to confirm the results obtained in the numerical scheme.
Two-term Boltzmann approximation versus Monte-Carlo simulation: effect of magnetic field
Authors: Tereshonok Dmitry , Chernyshev Timofey , Abramov Artem G , Ugryumov Aleksandr V 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the spatial-local electron energy distribution function (eEDF) interacting with a background gas at the sub-atmospheric pressure in a wide range of applied crossed electric and magnetic fields using the Boltzmann kinetic equation. We compare solutions obtained using two numerical approaches (deterministic two-term approximation and stochastic Monte Carlo method) to identify their applicability in the context of determining drift velocity and reaction constants for electrons. For argon and helium, the upper limit of the reduced electric field applicability of the two-term approximation is discussed. It has been shown that the presence of a magnetic field can reduce this limit. Two explanations are given, one is based on the math of two-term formalism, and the other is based on velocity-space analysis. Two-term approximation fails due to it’s inability to resolve underlying cyclotron oscillation (it should result in an energy variation along the electron’s trajectory). The absence of this feature causes an incorrect estimation of momentum-transfer rate. This results an inaccuracy in the estimation of the angle between electric field and drift velocity.
First-principle simulation of inorganic Na2CuSbX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) halides for photovoltaic and energy conversion applications
Authors: Nasrullah Fariha , Noor N A , Elansary Hosam O , Mumtaz Sohail 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The exceptional flexibility of optoelectronic attributes exhibited by inorganic Na2CuSbX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) halides has sparked significant interest in recent research. Our approach involves the utilization of Wien2k and BoltzTrap coding to scrutinize the mechanical, thermoelectric and optoelectronic attributes of studied halides. Structural stability have been investigated through Born stability criteria employing generalized gradient approximation (GGA-PBEsol). In addition, negative formation energy (−2.15 eV for Cl-halide, −1.88 eV for Br-halide and −1.68 eV for I-halide) indicate all halides are thermo-dynamical stable. For accurate calculation of optoelectronic properties, modified Becke and Johnson (mBJ) potential has been employed. Band structure indicate all halides are semiconductor with indirect bandgap nature having bandgap values 1.7 eV for Cl-halide, 1.34 eV for Br-halide and 0.85 eV for I-halide respectively. Substituting Cl-halide with Br and I-halide results in enhanced optical absorption predominantly in the visible region, causing a shift in the absorption edge from visible light to IR. Further, electronic thermoelectric properties are discussed against temperature 300 K to 800 K. The computed higher Seebeck coefficient observed in Na2CuSbI6 suggests that a narrower band gap is more suitable for thermoelectric applications in comparison to Na2CuSbBr6 and Na2CuSbCl6. In a broader context, the computational analysis of thermoelectric and optical properties indicates that Li2CuSbX6 halides is generally well suited for use in solar cell devices and energy conversion applications.
Optimization of all-polymer/Sb2Se3 tandem solar cells for enhanced efficiency: a comprehensive TCAD modeling approach
Authors: Alanazi Tarek I , Shaker Ahmed , Gad Michael , Okil Mohamed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel tandem configuration, utilizing an all-thin film all-polymer solar cell (all-PSC) with a wide bandgap of 1.76 eV for the front cell and Sb2Se3 with a narrow bandgap of 1.2 eV for the bottom cell. The design of this tandem is performed by comprehensive optoelectronic TCAD tools, essential for optimizing parameters across multiple layers to reach maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE). Experimental validation of models is conducted through calibration and validation against fabricated reference all-polymer and Sb2Se3 solar cells, yielding calibrated PCEs of approximately 10.1% and 10.5%, respectively. Subsequently, validated simulation models for both top and rear cells are utilized to design a 2-T all-polymer/Sb2Se3 tandem cell, which initially achieves a PCE of 10.91%. Through systematic optimization steps, including interface engineering and homojunction structure design, a remarkable PCE of 24.24% is achieved at the current matching point, showcasing the potential of our proposed tandem solar cell design. This study represents a significant advancement in the field of thin-film tandem solar cells, offering promising avenues for efficient and cost-effective photovoltaic technologies, particularly in applications requiring flexibility.
Controllability of time-varying fractional dynamical systems with distributed delays in control
Authors: Vishnukumar K S , Sivalingam S M , Govindaraj V 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study examines the controllability results in the realm of Caputo fractional derivatives, focusing on time-varying linear and nonlinear fractional dynamical systems with distributed delays in control. In the setting of a linear system, using the Grammian matrix’s positive definiteness makes it possible to ascertain both the necessary and sufficient conditions. Schauder’s fixed point theorem is utilized to outline the sufficient conditions for establishing the controllability of time-varying nonlinear fractional dynamical systems. In addition to that, the paper discusses the controllability of a nonlinear integrodifferential system for a particular case. A few examples and the graphs that correspond to them are shown here to make it easier to conceptualize the conclusions of the theoretical discussion.
Induced circular polarization on photons due to interaction with axion-like particles in rotating magnetic field of neutron stars
Authors: Sharifian M. , Zarei M. , Matarrese S. , Turolla R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We investigate how the photon polarization is affected by the interaction with axion-like particles (ALPs) in the rotating magnetic field of a neutron star (NS). Using quantum Boltzmann equations the study demonstrates that the periodic magnetic field of millisecond NSs enhances the interaction of photons with ALPs and creates a circular polarization on them. A binary system including an NS and a companion star could serve as a probe. When the NS is in front of the companion star with respect to the earth observer, there is a circular polarization on the previously linearly polarized photons as a result of the interaction with ALPs there. After a half-binary period, the companion star passes in front of the NS, and the circular polarization of photons disappears and changes to linear. The excluded parameter space for a millisecond NS with 300 Hz rotating frequency, highlights the coupling constant of 1.7 × 10-11 GeV-1 ≤ gaγγ
≤ 1.6 × 10-3 GeV-1 for the ALP masses in the range of 7 × 10-12 eV ≤ ma
≤ 1.5 × 103 eV.
DEMNUni: cross-correlating the nonlinear ISWRS effect with CMB-lensing and galaxies in the presence of massive neutrinos
Authors: Cuozzo Viviana , Carbone Carmelita , Calabrese Matteo , Carella Elisabetta , Migliaccio Marina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present an analytical modelling of the angular cross-correlations between the Integrated Sachs Wolfe-Rees Sciama (ISWRS) effect and large-scale structure tracers in the presence of massive neutrinos. Our method has been validated against large N-body simulations with a massive neutrino particle component, namely the DEMNUni suite. We investigate the impact of different neutrino masses on the cross-correlations between the ISWRS effect and both the galaxy clustering and the lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). We also test the ability of current nonlinear matter power spectrum modellings to reproduce neutrino effects in such cross-correlations. We show that the multipole position of a characteristic sign inversion in the cross-spectra, due to nonlinear effects, is strongly related to the total neutrino mass Mν
and depends almost linearly on it. While these nonlinear cross-correlation signals may not be able alone to constrain the neutrino mass, our approach paves the way to the detection of such cross-spectra on small scales for their exploitation in combination with main probes from future galaxy surveys and CMB experiments.
Solar Image Quality Assessment: A Proof of Concept Using Variance of Laplacian Method and its Application to Optical Atmospheric Condition Monitoring
Authors: So Chu Wing , Yuen Edwin Lok Hei , Leung Edgar Heung Fat , Pun Jason Chun Shing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Here we present a proof of concept for the application of the Variance of Laplacian (VL) method in quantifying the sharpness of optical solar images. We conducted a comprehensive study using over 65,000 individual solar images acquired on more than 160 days. Each image underwent processing using a VL image processing algorithm, which assigns a “score” based on the sharpness of the solar disk’s edges. We studied the scores obtained from images acquired at different conditions. Our findings demonstrate that the sharpness of the images exhibits daily trends that are closely linked to the altitude of the Sun at the observation site. We observed a significant degradation in image quality only below a certain altitude threshold. Furthermore, we compared airmass formulae from the literature with our sharpness observations and concluded that the degradation could be modeled as an Image Sharpness Function (ISF), which exhibits similarities to airmass variations. In addition to assessing image quality, our method has the potential to evaluate the optical atmospheric conditions during daytime observations. Moreover, this technique can be easily and cost-effectively applied to archival or real-time images of other celestial bodies, such as the Moon, bright planets and defocused stars. Given that ISF is unique to each location and sensitive to sky conditions, the development of an ISF is not only beneficial for routine observation preparation but also essential for long-term site monitoring.
Restoring cosmological concordance with axion-like early dark energy and dark matter characterized by a constant equation of state?
Authors: Yao Yan-Hong , Meng Xin-He 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Hubble tension persists as a challenge in cosmology. Even early dark energy (EDE) models, initially considered the most promising for alleviating the Hubble tension, fall short of addressing the issue without exacerbating other tensions, such as the S
8 tension. Considering that a negative dark matter (DM) equation of state (EoS) parameter is conducive to reduce the value of the σ
8 parameter, we extend the axion-like EDE model in this paper by replacing the cold dark matter (CDM) with DM characterized by a constant EoS w
dm (referred to as WDM hereafter). We then impose constraints on this axion-like EDE extension model, along with three other models: the axion-like EDE model, ΛWDM, and ΛCDM. These constraints are derived from a comprehensive analysis incorporating data from the Planck 2018 cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillations, and the Pantheon compilation, as well as a prior on H
0 (i.e. H
0 = 73.04 ± 1.04, based on the latest local measurement by Riess et al) and a Gaussianized prior on S
8 (i.e. S
8 = 0.766 ± 0.017, determined through the joint analysis of KID1000+BOSS+2dLenS). We find that although the new model maintains the ability to alleviate the Hubble tension to ∼1.4σ, it still exacerbates the S
8 tension to a level similar to that of the axion-like EDE model.
95 GeV light Higgs in the top-pair-associated diphoton channel at the LHC in the minimal dilaton model*
Authors: Wang 王 Kun 坤 , Zhu 朱 Jingya 经亚 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Motivated by experimental hints and theoretical frameworks indicating the existence of an extended Higgs sector, we explore the feasibility of detecting a 95 GeV light Higgs boson decaying into a diphoton within the minimal dilaton model at the 14 TeV LHC. Initially, we identify the correlations between the production cross section, decay branching ratios, and model parameters, e.g., the scalar mixing angle

. Subsequently, we utilize Monte Carlo simulations to generate the signal of the light Higgs boson via the

process, along with the corresponding backgrounds. To effectively separate the signal from the dominant backgrounds

, we employ a meticulous cut-based selection process. Ultimately, we find that with an integrated luminosity of

, the regions of

can be covered over the

level.