bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs, Aspirin, and Cognitive Function in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Waldstein Shari R. , Wendell Carrington Rice , Seliger Stephen L. , Ferrucci Luigi , Metter E. Jeffrey , Zonderman Alan B. 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relations between the use of nonaspirin, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and aspirin and age‐related change in multiple domains of cognitive function in community‐dwelling individuals without dementia.DESIGN: Longitudinal, with measures obtained on one to 18 occasions over up to 45 years.SETTING: General community.PARTICIPANTS: A volunteer sample of up to 2,300 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging free of diagnosed dementia.MEASUREMENTS: At each visit, reported NSAID or aspirin use (yes/no) and tests of verbal and visual memory, attention, perceptuo‐motor speed, confrontation naming, executive function, and mental status.RESULTS: Mixed‐effects regression models revealed that NSAID use was associated with less prospective decline on the Blessed Information‐Memory‐Concentration (I‐M‐C) Test, a mental status test weighted for memory and concentration (P<.001), and Part B of the Trail Making Test, a test of perceptuo‐motor speed and mental flexibility (P<.05). In contrast, aspirin use was related to greater prospective decline on the Blessed I‐M‐C Test (P<.05) and the Benton Visual Retention Test, a test of visual memory (P<.001).CONCLUSION: Consistent with studies of incident dementia, NSAID users without dementia displayed less prospective decline in cognitive function, but on only two cognitive measures. In contrast, aspirin use was associated with greater prospective cognitive decline on select measures, potentially reflecting its common use for vascular disease prophylaxis. Effect sizes were small, calling into question clinical significance, although overall public health significance may be meaningful.
The Oldest Old in the Last Year of Life: Population‐Based Findings from Cambridge City over‐75s Cohort Study Participants Aged 85 and Older at Death
Authors: Zhao Jun , Barclay Stephen , Farquhar Morag , Kinmonth Ann Louise , Brayne Carol , Fleming Jane ,   for the Cambridge City over‐75s Cohort Study Collaboration
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVES: To characterize people of advanced old age in their last year of life and compare those dying in their late 80s with those dying aged 90 and older to inform policy and planning.DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected population‐based data from the Cambridge City over‐75s Cohort (CC75C) Study, United Kingdom.PARTICIPANTS: Men and women aged 85 and older at death who died less than 1 year after taking part in any CC75C survey (N=321).MEASUREMENTS: Physical health, functional disability, self‐rated health, cognitive status.RESULTS: Functional and cognitive impairments were markedly higher for those who died aged 90 and older— predominantly women—than for those who died aged 85 to 89. At least half (49.4–93.6%) of subjects aged 90 and older needed maximum assistance in virtually every daily activity; those aged 85 to 89 needed this only for shopping and laundry. Disability in basic and instrumental activities rose from 59.1% before to 85.4% after the age of 90 and cognitive impairment (Mini‐Mental State Examination score ≤21) from 41.7% to 69.4%. Despite this and proximity to death, 60.5% and 67.0%, respectively, rated their health positively. Only one in five reported needing more help.CONCLUSION: This study provides new data identifying high levels of physical and cognitive disability in very old people in the year before death. As the very old population rises, so will support needs for people dying in extreme old age. The mismatch between health perceptions and functional limitations suggests that these vulnerable older adults may not seek help from which they could benefit. These findings have major policy and planning implications for end‐of‐life care for the oldest old.
Enhancing Caregiver Health: Findings from the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health II Intervention
Authors: Elliott Amanda F. , Burgio Louis D. , DeCoster Jamie 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationships between changes from baseline to post‐Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health (REACH) intervention in caregiver (CG) self‐reported health, burden, and bother.DESIGN: Randomized, multisite clinical trial.SETTING: CG and care recipient (CR) homes in five U.S. cities.PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred ninety‐five dementia CG and CR dyads (169 Hispanic, 160 white, and 166 African American) receiving intervention and their controls.INTERVENTION: CGs were assigned to the REACH intervention or a no‐treatment control group. Intervention subjects received individual risk profiles and the REACH intervention through nine in‐home and three telephone sessions over 6 months. Control subjects received two brief “check‐in” telephone calls during this 6‐month period.MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was change in CG health status from baseline to after the intervention. Secondary outcomes were CG burden and bother after the intervention.RESULTS: After the intervention, CGs reported better self‐rated health, sleep quality, physical health, and emotional health, which was related to less burden and bother with their caregiving role than for CGs not receiving the intervention. Changes in depression appeared to mediate these relationships. Several racial and ethnic group differences existed in physical and emotional health, as well as in total frustration with caregiving, emotional burden, and CG‐rated bother with CR's activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living at baseline and at follow‐up, although differences between baseline and posttest did not vary according to race.CONCLUSION: A structured, multicomponent skills training intervention that targeted CG self‐care behaviors as one of five target areas, improved self‐reported health status, and decreased burden and bother in racially and ethnically diverse CGs of people with dementia.
Co‐inheritance of Hb Hershey [β70(E14) Ala→Gly] and Hb La Pommeraie [β133(H11)Val→Met] in a Sicilian subject
Authors: Giambona Antonino , Vinciguerra Margherita , Passarello Cristina , La Rosa Maria A. , Lo Giudice Giuseppina , Di Bella Chiara , Amorini Maria , Iacona Francesca , Salpietro Carmelo , Maggio Aurelio , Rigoli Luciana 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectives: This report represents the first observation in Sicily of two rare β‐globin gene variants, Hb Hershey [β70(E14) Ala→Gly] and Hb La Pommeraie [β133(H11)Val→Met], found in a 35‐year‐old male patient from Messina, in the north‐east of Sicily during population screening for hemoglobinopathies. Methods: The occurrence of the Hb variants was assessed by cation exchange chromatography while complete blood counts were obtained using automatic cell counters. Red cell lysates were analyzed by electrophoresis at alkaline and acid pH. Stability of hemoglobin was checked by the isopropanol precipitation test and by the heat tests while inclusion bodies and reticulocyte count were determined by incubation of blood samples with brilliant cresyl blue. Molecular analysis was performed by DNA sequencing of β‐ and α‐globin genes. Results: We observed an abnormally high performance liquid chromatography elution with a slight reduction in mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin parameters and mutations at codon 70 GCC→GGC (Hb Hershey) and at codon 133 GTG→ATG (Hb La Pommeraie) in β‐globin gene. Conclusion: Family analysis of three generations demonstrated the presence of these two mutations in trans. So it was possible to describe the phenotypes of these variants in a heterozygous state and in double heterozygous state.
Increased neuronal cell number in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in schizophrenia
Authors: Axer Hubertus , Bernstein Hans-Gert , Keiner Silke , Heronimus Polina , Sauer Heinrich , Witte Otto W. , Bogerts Bernhard , Bär Karl-Jürgen 
Published: January 2010

Axer H, Bernstein H-G, Keiner S, Heronimus P, Sauer H, Witte OW, Bogerts B, Bär K-J. Increased neuronal cell number in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in schizophrenia.Objective:Recently, a reduction in efferent vagal regulation has been found in schizophrenic patients.Methods:Therefore, the brainstems of nine schizophrenic patients and nine normal controls were stereologically analysed. The number of neurons using the optical fractionator method and nuclear volumes applying the Cavalieri principle was estimated in Nissl stained sections of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV) and the hypoglossal nucleus.Results:The neurons in the right DMNV were significantly increased in the schizophrenic group compared to normal controls (p = 0.047), while the volumes of the DMNV did not differ. In contrast, no such differences were found in the hypoglossal nucleus.Conclusion:Although this pilot study is limited by its small sample size, the analysis of the solitarius–ambiguus–vagus system in schizophrenic patients is an interesting target in schizophrenia research. The most reasonable background for increased neuron numbers in the DMNV could be a system-specific neurodevelopmental disturbance in schizophrenia.
Psychological and Interpersonal Dimensions of Sexual Function and Dysfunction
Authors: McCabe Marita , Althof Stanley E. , Assalian Pierre , Chevret-Measson Marie , Leiblum Sandra R. , Simonelli Chiara , Wylie Kevan 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere are limited outcome data on the etiology and efficacy of psychological interventions for male and female sexual dysfunction as well as the role of innovative combined treatment paradigms.AimThis study aimed to highlight the salient psychological and interpersonal issues contributing to sexual health and dysfunction, to offer an etiological model for understanding the evolution and maintenance of sexual symptoms, and to offer recommendations for clinical management and research.MethodsThis study reviewed the current literature on the psychological and interpersonal issues contributing to male and female sexual dysfunction.Main Outcome MeasureThis study provides expert opinion based on a comprehensive review of the medical and psychological literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate.ResultsMedical and psychological therapies for sexual dysfunctions should address the intricate biopsychosocial influences of the patient, the partner, and the couple. The biopsychosocial model provides an integrated paradigm for understanding and treating sexual dysfunction.ConclusionsThere is need for collaboration between healthcare practitioners from different disciplines in the evaluation, treatment, and education issues surrounding sexual dysfunction. In many cases, neither psychotherapy alone nor medical intervention alone is sufficient for the lasting resolution of sexual problems. The assessment of male, female, and couples’ sexual dysfunction should ideally include inquiry about predisposing, precipitating, maintaining, and contextual factors. Research is needed to identify efficacious combined and/or integrated treatments for sexual dysfunction.
Recommendations for the Clinical Evaluation of Men and Women with Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Hatzichristou Dimitrios , Rosen Raymond C. , Derogatis Leonard R. , Low Wah Yun , Meuleman Eric J.H. , Sadovsky Richard , Symonds Tara 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The challenge in the field of sexual medicine is to develop evidence-based principles for clinical evaluation and create a uniform, widely accepted diagnostic and treatment approach for all sexual problems and dysfunctions, for both genders.

Aim
To provide recommendations for the broad approach for assessing sexual problems in a medical practice setting; to develop an evidence-based diagnostic and treatment algorithm for men and women with sexual dysfunctions.

Methods
The PubMed literature was reviewed. Expert opinion was based on the grading of evidence-based medical literature and the Delphi consensus process.

Results
The Committee determined three principles for clinical evaluation and management: (i) adoption of a patient-centered framework, with emphasis on cultural competence in clinical practice; (ii) application of evidence-based medicine in diagnostic and treatment planning; (iii) use of a unified management approach in evaluating and treating sexual problems in both men and women. The International Consultation in Sexual Medicine-5 stepwise diagnostic and treatment algorithm was developed for that purpose. According to this algorithm, sexual, medical, and psychosocial history is mandatory, whereas physical examination and laboratory tests are highly recommended in most cases. Furthermore, the Brief Sexual Symptom Checklist (BSSC) for Men and BSSC for Women, and more recently the Sexual Complaints Screener (SCS) for Men and SCS for Women, were all endorsed for screening purposes. A classification system was also defined; clinically, sexual dysfunctions are categorized in three types according to their etiology (Type I: psychogenic; Type II: organic; Type III: mixed). Final recommendations on specialized diagnostic tests were based on level of evidence.

Conclusions
A unified diagnostic and management strategy in sexual medicine, irrespective of condition and gender, would improve patients’ sexual well-being. It would also lead to the development of academic curricula to provide practicing physicians across specialties with the needed skills to meet contemporary patients’ needs in sexual medicine health-care delivery.
Cancer and Sexual Problems
Authors: Sadovsky Richard , Basson Rosemary , Krychman Michael , Morales Antonio Martin , Schover Leslie , Wang Run , Incrocci Luca 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere are many data on sexual problems subsequent to cancer and its treatment, although the likelihood of problems in specific individuals depends on multiple variables.AimsTo gain knowledge about the risks of sexual problems among persons with cancer and to provide recommendations concerning their prevention and optimal treatment.MethodsA committee of multidisciplinary specialists was formed as part of a larger International Consultation working with urologic and sexual medicine societies over a 2-year period to review the result of chronic illness management on sexual function and satisfaction. The aims, goals, data collection techniques, and report format were defined by a central committee.Main Outcomes MeasuresExpert consensus was based on evidence-based medical and psychosocial literature review, extensive group discussion, and an open presentation with a substantial discussion period.ResultsCancer and cancer treatments have both direct and indirect effects on physiologic, psychological, and interpersonal factors that can all impact negatively on sexual function and satisfaction. Data on the likelihood of specific sexual problems occurring with cancer and its management vary depending on prediagnosis function, patient response, support from the treatment team, specific treatments used, proactive counseling, and efforts to mitigate potential problems. This summary details available literature concerning the pathophysiologic and psychological impacts of cancer diagnosis and treatment on sexual function, plus recommendations for their prevention and management.ConclusionsCancer and its management have a significant negative impact on sexual function and satisfaction. These negative effects can be somewhat mitigated by understanding prediagnosis sexual functioning level, counseling, careful treatment choices, and, when indicated, therapy post-treatment using educational, psychological, pharmacologic, and mechanical modalities.
Sexual Function in Chronic Illness
Authors: Basson Rosemary , Rees Peter , Wang Run , Montejo Angel Luis , Incrocci Luca 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Direct and indirect effects of chronic disease on sexual health are frequent and complex, but guidelines for their optimal management are lacking. With improved surgical and medical treatment of the underlying disease, the numbers of men and women needing assessment and management of associated sexual dysfunction are increasing.

Aim
To provide recommendations/guidelines for the clinical management of sexual dysfunction within the context of chronic illness.

Methods
An international consultation in collaboration with the major sexual medicine associations assembled 186 multidisciplinary experts from 33 countries into 25 committees. Nine experts from four countries compiled the recommendations of sexual dysfunction in chronic illness and cancer with four focusing on neurological, renal, and psychiatric disease and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Searches were conducted using Medline, Embase, Lilacs, and Pubmed databases.

Main Outcome Measures
Expert opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate.

Results
Some conclusions concerning prevalence and pathophysiology of sexual dysfunction in the context of neurological disorders, end-stage renal failure, LUTS, and psychiatric disease were made. Optimal assessment of the multiple factors affecting sexuality when one or both partners are chronically ill is outlined. Evidence-based recommendations for management are presented. Comorbid depression is frequent and independently determines prevalence of sexual dysfunction in many conditions.

Conclusions
There is need for more research and scientific reporting on prevalence, pathophysiology, and optimal treatment of sexual dysfunction associated with chronic illness. Screening for and managing comorbid depression is strongly recommended.
Women’s Sexual Desire and Arousal Disorders
Authors: Brotto Lori A. , Bitzer Johannes , Laan Ellen , Leiblum Sandra , Luria Mijal 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionA committee of five was convened to update the chapter on women’s sexual dysfunctions from the perspective of diagnostic issues, pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment.AimTo review the literature since 2003 and provide recommendations based on evidence.MethodsResearch databases, conference proceedings, and articles in press were read for relevant new data on these topics for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD), female orgasmic disorder (FOD), and persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD).Main Outcome MeasuresRecommendations by five experts from five countries were formulated with associated grades.ResultsThe definitions of HSDD, FSAD, and FOD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text-Revised are imperfect and have been criticized over the last decade. Proposed new criteria that take into account empirical findings and the diversity across women are recommended. There has been a flurry of new epidemiological studies on women’s sexual dysfunction; studies also assessing distress consistenly find a much lower prevalence of dysfunction if distress is considered. Assessment of sexual difficulties is best achieved through a biopsychosocial clinical interview of the woman and her partner (if possible); though laboratory investigations, a physical examination, psychophysiological measurement, and self-report questionnaires can often supplement the interview information. There are currently no approved pharmacological treatments for women’s sexual dysfunction in North America, though a number of promising agents have been studied. Evidence for the efficacy of psychological treatments is based on limited studies. There is an urgent need for more data on the assessment, etiology, and treatment of PGAD.ConclusionsSpecific recommendations for the assessment and treatment of women’s desire, arousal, and orgasm disorders are forwarded; however, more research into these domains is needed.
Women’s Sexual Pain Disorders
Authors: Van Lankveld Jacques J.D.M. , Granot Michal , Weijmar Schultz Willibrord C.M. , Binik Yitzchak M. , Wesselmann Ursula , Pukall Caroline F. , Bohm-Starke Nina , Achtrari Chahin 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionWomen’s sexual pain disorders include dyspareunia and vaginismus and there is need for state-of-the-art information in this area.AimTo update the scientific evidence published in 2004, from the 2nd International Consultation on Sexual Medicine pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of women’s sexual pain disorders.MethodsAn expert committee, invited from six countries by the 3rd International Consultation, was comprised of eight researchers and clinicians from biological and social science disciplines, for the purpose of reviewing and grading the scientific evidence on nosology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of women’s sexual pain disorders.Main Outcome MeasureExpert opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, extensive internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate.ResultsA comprehensive assessment of medical, sexual, and psychosocial history is recommended for diagnosis and management. Indications for general and focused pelvic genital examination are identified. Evidence-based recommendations for assessment of women’s sexual pain disorders are reviewed. An evidence-based approach to management of these disorders is provided.ConclusionsContinued efforts are warranted to conduct research and scientific reporting on the optimal assessment and management of women’s sexual pain disorders, including multidisciplinary approaches.
An early report from newly established laboratory‐based influenza surveillance in Lao PDR
Authors: Vongphrachanh Phengta , Simmerman James M. , Phonekeo Darouny , Pansayavong Vimatha , Sisouk Thongchanh , Ongkhamme Somvay , Bryce Gary T. , Corwin Andrew , Bryant Juliet E. 
Published: January 2010

Please cite this paper as: Vongphrachanh P, Simmerman JM, Phonekeo D, Pansayavong V, Sisouk T, Ongkhamme S, Bryce GT, Corwin A, Bryant JE. An early report from newly established laboratory‐based influenza surveillance in Lao PDR. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(2), 47–52.Background  Prior to 2007, little information was available about the burden of influenza in Laos. We report data from the first laboratory‐based influenza surveillance system established in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic.Methods  Three hospitals in the capital city of Vientiane began surveillance for influenza‐like illness (ILI) in outpatients in 2007 and expanded to include hospitalized pneumonia patients in 2008. Nasal/throat swab specimens were collected and tested for influenza and other respiratory viruses by multiplex ID‐TagTM respiratory viral panel (RVP) assay on a Luminex® 100× MAP IS instrument (Qiagen, Singapore).Results  During January 2007 to December 2008, 287 of 526 (54·6%) outpatients with ILI were positive for at least one respiratory virus. Influenza was most commonly identified, with 63 (12·0%) influenza A and 92 (17·5%) influenza B positive patients identified. In 2008, six of 79 (7·6%) hospitalized pneumonia patients were positive for influenza A and four (5·1%) were positive for influenza B. Children <5 years represented 19% of viral infections in outpatients and 38% of pneumonia inpatients.Conclusion  Our results provide the first documentation of influenza burden among patients with febrile respiratory illness and pneumonia requiring hospitalization in Laos. Implementing laboratory‐based influenza surveillance requires substantial investments in infrastructure and training. However, continuing outbreaks of avian influenza A/H5N1 in poultry and emergence of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic strain further underscore the importance of establishing and maintaining influenza surveillance in developing countries.