bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Targeting of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Using the Combination of Cetuximab and Erlotinib: Preclinical Evaluation and Results of the Phase II DUX Study in Chemotherapy-Refractory, Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Weickhardt Andrew J. , Price Tim J. , Chong Geoff , Gebski Val , Pavlakis Nick , Johns Terrance G. , Azad Arun , Skrinos Effie , Fluck Kate , Dobrovic Alexander , Salemi Renato , Scott Andrew M. , Mariadason John M. , Tebbutt Niall C. 
Published: March 2012

Purpose This preclinical and phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the combination of cetuximab and erlotinib in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Patients and Methods The activity and mechanism of action of the combination of cetuximab plus erlotinib were investigated in vitro in colorectal cancer cell lines. In the clinical study, patients with chemotherapy-refractory mCRC were treated with cetuximab 400 mg/m2 as a loading dose and then weekly cetuximab 250 mg/m2 with erlotinib 100 mg orally daily. The primary end point was response rate (RR), which was evaluated separately in KRAS wild-type (WT) versus KRAS mutant tumors. Secondary end points included toxicity, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival. Target accrual was 50 patients, with a one-stage design. Results Preclinical studies demonstrated synergistic activity of cetuximab and erlotinib cotreatment on growth inhibition of colon cancer cell lines both as a result of enhanced inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway and differential effects on STAT3. In the clinical study, 50 patients were enrolled, with 48 patients evaluable for response. The overall RR was 31% (95% CI, 26% to 57%), with a median PFS of 4.6 months (95% CI, 2.8 to 5.6 months). RR was 41% (95% CI, 26% to 57%) in KRAS WT tumors, with a median PFS of 5.6 months (95% CI, 2.9 to 5.6 months). There was no response in 11 patients with KRAS mutations. Frequent grade 3 and 4 toxicities were rash (48%), hypomagnesaemia (18%), and fatigue (10%). Conclusion The combination of cetuximab and erlotinib synergistically inhibits growth of colon cancer cell lines, achieves promising efficacy in patients with KRAS WT mCRC, and merits evaluation in further randomized studies.
Psychosocial Care for Family Caregivers of Patients With Cancer
Authors: Northouse Laurel , Williams Anna-leila , Given Barbara , McCorkle Ruth 
Published: March 2012

Purpose To understand family caregivers' needs for better preparation and care, this state-of-the-science review examines the effect of caregiving on the health and well-being of caregivers, the efficacy of research-tested interventions on patient and caregiver outcomes, implications of the research on policy and practice, and recommendations for practice and future research. Methods We reviewed research that described the multiple effects of cancer on caregivers' well-being. Five meta-analyses were analyzed to determine the effect of interventions with caregivers on patient and caregiver outcomes. In addition, we reviewed legislation such as the Affordable Care Act and the Family Leave Act along with current primary care practice to determine whether family caregivers' needs have been addressed. Results Research findings indicate that caregiver stress can lead to psychological and sleep disturbances and changes in caregivers' physical health, immune function, and financial well-being. Research-tested interventions delivered to caregivers of patients with cancer or other chronic illnesses can reduce many of these negative effects and improve caregivers' coping skills, knowledge, and quality of life. Although these interventions also decrease patients' symptoms, reduce mortality (non-dementia patients), and improve patients' physical and mental health, they are seldom implemented in practice. Conclusion Recommendations for practice include development of standardized guidelines that address caregiver assessment, education, and resources; identification of “caregiver champions” in practice settings; provision of referrals to established support organizations for caregivers (eg, Cancer Support Community, Cancer Care); and collaboration among caregiving, professional, and cancer-related organizations to advocate policy and practice changes for family caregivers.
Communication Skills Training for Oncology Professionals
Authors: Kissane David W. , Bylund Carma L. , Banerjee Smita C. , Bialer Philip A. , Levin Tomer T. , Maloney Erin K. , D'Agostino Thomas A. 
Published: March 2012

Purpose To provide a state-of-the-art review of communication skills training (CST) that will guide the establishment of a universal curriculum for fellows of all cancer specialties undertaking training as oncology professionals today. Methods Extensive literature review including meta-analyses of trials, conceptual models, techniques, and potential curricula provides evidence for the development of an appropriate curriculum and CST approach. Examples from the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center CST program are incorporated. Results A core curriculum embraces CST modules in breaking bad news and discussing unanticipated adverse events, discussing prognosis, reaching a shared treatment decision, responding to difficult emotions, coping with survivorship, running a family meeting, and transitioning to palliative care and end of life. Achievable outcomes are growth in clinician's self-efficacy, uptake of new communication strategies and skills, and transfer of these strategies and skills into the clinic. Outcomes impacting patient satisfaction, improved adaptation, and enhanced quality of life are still lacking. Conclusion Future communication challenges include genetic risk communication, concepts like watchful waiting, cumulative radiation risk, late effects of treatment, discussing Internet information and unproven therapies, phase I trial enrollment, and working as a multidisciplinary team. Patient benefits, such as increased treatment adherence and enhanced adaptation, need to be demonstrated from CST.
Serum Mesothelin for Diagnosing Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hollevoet Kevin , Reitsma Johannes B. , Creaney Jenette , Grigoriu Bogdan D. , Robinson Bruce W. , Scherpereel Arnaud , Cristaudo Alfonso , Pass Harvey I. , Nackaerts Kristiaan , Rodríguez Portal José A. , Schneider Joachim , Muley Thomas , Di Serio Francesca , Baas Paul , Tomasetti Marco , Rai Alex J. , van Meerbeeck Jan P. 
Published: March 2012

Purpose Mesothelin is currently considered the best available serum biomarker of malignant pleural mesothelioma. To examine the diagnostic accuracy and use of serum mesothelin in early diagnosis, we performed an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis. Methods The literature search identified 16 diagnostic studies of serum mesothelin, measured with the Mesomark enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IPD of 4,491 individuals were collected, including several control groups and 1,026 patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Mesothelin levels were standardized for between-study differences and age, after which the diagnostic accuracy and the factors affecting it were examined with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) regression analysis. Results At a common diagnostic threshold of 2.00 nmol/L, the sensitivities and specificities of mesothelin in the different studies ranged widely from 19% to 68% and 88% to 100%, respectively. This heterogeneity can be explained by differences in study population, because type of control group, mesothelioma stage, and histologic subtype significantly affected the diagnostic accuracy. The use of mesothelin in early diagnosis was evaluated by differentiating 217 patients with stage I or II epithelioid and biphasic mesothelioma from 1,612 symptomatic or high-risk controls. The resulting area under the ROC curve was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.73 to 0.81). At 95% specificity, mesothelin displayed a sensitivity of 32% (95% CI, 26% to 40%). Conclusion In patients suspected of having mesothelioma, a positive blood test for mesothelin at a high-specificity threshold is a strong incentive to urge further diagnostic steps. However, the poor sensitivity of mesothelin clearly limits its added value to early diagnosis and emphasizes the need for further biomarker research.
Das 4. Makkabäerbuch und Flavius Josephus. Die rezeptionsgeschichtliche Bedeutung des slavischen Josephus
Authors: Bukovec Predrag 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The Jewish-Hellenistic apokryphon Fourth Maccabees was written by an anonymous author and could probably be dated at ca. 100 AD. Throughout the centuries up to the present time researchers have ascribed this writing to the Jewish-Roman historiographer Flavius Josephus. There is one passage in the so-called Slavonic Josephus, which has not yet been considered as a witness for that identification: Here the Russian redactor combines allusions and key words from 4 Macc and interpolates them into the Jewish War. In this way he brings forth the assumption, that Flavius Josephus was the author of 4 Macc, to a radical conse­quence. In the following study this disputed passage is re-analysed and evaluated. We also compare it with the older witnesses from the Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, that see in Flavius Josephus the author of 4 Macc (Eusebius, Hieronymus, Philostorgius and the Suda).
Behavioral and Social Phenotypes in Boys With 47,XYY Syndrome or 47,XXY Klinefelter Syndrome
Authors: Ross Judith L. , Roeltgen David P. , Kushner Harvey , Zinn Andrew R. , Reiss Allan , Bardsley Martha Zeger , McCauley Elizabeth , Tartaglia Nicole 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE:To contrast the behavioral and social phenotypes including a screen for autistic behaviors in boys with 47,XYY syndrome (XYY) or 47,XXY Klinefelter syndrome (KS) and controls and investigate the effect of prenatal diagnosis on the phenotype.METHODS:Patients included 26 boys with 47,XYY, 82 boys with KS, and 50 control boys (ages 4–15 years). Participants and parents completed a physical examination, behavioral questionnaires, and intellectual assessments.RESULTS:Most boys with XYY or KS had Child Behavior Checklist parental ratings within the normal range. On the Child Behavior Checklist, mean problem behaviors t scores were higher in the XYY versus KS groups for the Problem Behavior, Externalizing, Withdrawn, Thought Problems, and Attention Problems subscales. On the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale–Revised, the XYY versus KS group had increased frequency of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms (P &lt; .006). In addition, 50% and 12% of the XYY and KS groups, respectively, had scores &gt;15 for autism screening from the Social Communication Questionnaire. For the boys with KS, prenatal diagnosis was associated with fewer problem behaviors.CONCLUSIONS:A subset of the XYY and KS groups had behavioral difficulties that were more severe in the XYY group. These findings could guide clinical practice and inform patients and parents. Boys diagnosed with XYY or KS should receive a comprehensive psychoeducational evaluation and be screened for learning disabilities, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorders.
Incidence and Cost of Injury Among Youth in Agricultural Settings, United States, 2001–2006
Authors: Zaloshnja Eduard , Miller Ted R. , Lawrence Bruce 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE:Estimate the annual US incidence and cost of fatal and nonfatal youth injury in agricultural settings.METHODS:We used 2001–2006 Childhood Agricultural Injury Survey data to estimate the incidence of nonfatal injury and 2001–2006 Multiple Cause of Death data to estimate the incidence of fatal injury. To estimate the costs for injuries suffered by youth working/living in agricultural settings, we multiplied the number of injuries times published unit costs by body part, nature of injury, and age group.RESULTS:An average of 26 655 agricultural injury incidents occurred annually to youth (ages 0–19) in the United States during the period 2001–2006 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24 263–29 046). These injuries cost society an estimated $1.423 billion per year in 2005 dollars (95% CI: $1.333 billion–$1.513 billion). Fatalities alone cost an estimated $420 million per year. Work related injuries annually cost $347 million or 24.4% of the total cost (95% CI: 20.3%–28.5%). Most agricultural youth injuries were not work related.CONCLUSIONS:We found that, similarly to adult agricultural injuries, youth agricultural injuries tend to be more severe and more costly than nonagricultural injuries. Only 1.4% of injured youth in the United States were hospitalized in 2000, but 14% of youth injured in agriculture were hospitalized in 2001–2006. To address this serious problem, prevention should focus on better controlling both child access to agricultural recreational activities and child assignment to agricultural work tasks that exceed developmental norms.
Rising National Prevalence of Life-Limiting Conditions in Children in England
Authors: Fraser Lorna K. , Miller Michael , Hain Richard , Norman Paul , Aldridge Jan , McKinney Patricia A. , Parslow Roger C. 
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND:
Life-limiting conditions (LLCs) describe diseases with no reasonable hope of cure that will ultimately be fatal. For children with these diseases, palliative care services should be available but few data are available to estimate the burden of these conditions.

METHODS:
Children (0–19 years) with LLCs were identified within an English Hospital Episode Statistics dataset (2000/2001–2009/2010) by applying a customized coding framework of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, disease codes. Prevalence per 10 000 population (0–19 years) was calculated by age, diagnostic group, ethnicity, deprivation, and region for each year.

RESULTS:
The Hospital Episode Statistics extract contained 175 286 individuals with 1 or more LLCs of which congenital anomalies were the most common (31%). Prevalence increased over 10 years from 25 to 32 per 10 000 population. Prevalence in the South Asian (48 per 10 000); black (42 per 10 000); and Chinese, mixed, and “other” (31 per 10 000) populations were statistically significantly higher compared with the white population (27 per 10 000). Prevalence shows an inverse J-shaped relationship with 5 categories of deprivation, with the highest prevalence in the most deprived areas and the lowest in the second least deprived.

CONCLUSIONS:
In 2010, the prevalence of LLCs in children in England was double the previously reported estimates and had increased annually in all areas over the past decade. This clearly identifies an escalating need for specialist pediatric palliative care services. When planning services for these increasing needs, the excess prevalence in ethnic minority groups, especially in deprived areas, needs to be considered.
Diffuse disconnectivity in traumatic brain injury: a resting state fMRI and DTI study
Authors: Tang Cheuk , Eaves Emily , Dams-O’Connor Kristen , Ho Lap , Leung Eric , Wong Edmund , Carpenter David , Ng Johnny , Gordon Wayne , Pasinetti Giulio 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Diffuse axonal injury is a common pathological consequence of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Diffusion Tensor Imaging is an ideal technique to study white matter integrity using the Fractional Anisotropy (FA) index which is a measure of axonal integrity and coherence. There have been several reports showing reduced FA in individuals with TBI, which suggest demyelination or reduced fiber density in white matter tracts secondary to injury. Individuals with TBI are usually diagnosed with cognitive deficits such as reduced attention span, memory and executive function. In this study we sought to investigate correlations between brain functional networks, white matter integrity, and TBI severity in individuals with TBI ranging from mild to severe. A resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol was used to study the default mode network in subjects at rest. FA values were decreased throughout all white matter tracts in the mild to severe TBI subjects. FA values were also negatively correlated with TBI injury severity ratings. The default mode network showed several brain regions in which connectivity measures were higher among individuals with TBI relative to control subjects. These findings suggest that, subsequent to TBI, the brain may undergo adaptation responses at the cellular level to compensate for functional impairment due to axonal injury.
Synaesthesia: cross activations, high interconnectivity, and a parietal hub
Authors: Specht Karsten 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This review summarizes the most recent studies on synaesthesia, particularly studies on grapheme-colour synaesthesia, time-space synaesthesia, and coloured-hearing synaesthesia. Based on behavioural as well as neuroimaging studies, there is emerging evidence that synaesthesia is not only caused by the cross activation of two sensory areas but that it may require additional binding processes, which are assumed to take place in the parietal lobe. However, divergent results exist with respect to the lateralization of this effect, i.e. whether it is the left or right parietal lobe most responsible. Studies also indicate that attention modulates the synaesthetic experience. Furthermore, it has been shown that synaesthetes demonstrate a higher level of connectivity, thus supporting the view of a genetic pre-disposition of synaesthesia.
Lithium: Molecular interactions, clinical actions
Authors: Catalán Johanna , Quezada María 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Lithium is one of the most widely used drugs in neuropsychopharmacology. Preclinical scientists have made several advances in ascertaining the molecular mechanisms of action of this cation; such as its ability to stabilize monoamine levels, to interact with second messengers, and its neuroprotective effects, possibly over suicidal behaviors. Nevertheless, there remains a gap of knowledge between the pharmacological advances and the number of reliable clinical trials, creating a lack of evidence-based medicine to support medical prescriptions. In this review we examine lithium’s molecular mechanisms of action and evaluate their relevance in clinical applications.
A Graphical Approach to Yield and Boundary Surfaces of Selected Hypoplastic Constitutive Equations
Authors: Sikora Z. , Ciesla P. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract The article describes how to identify the boundary and yield surface for hypoplastic constitutive equations proposed by Wu, Gudehus and Bauer. It is shown how to identify and plot the surfaces for any equation in this class. Calculation errors are analyzed characteristic for applied set of numerical formulas. In the paper there are computer links to the source code prepared in the MATLAB system, based on instructions in the article. A sample consitutive domains are shown, plotted using the attached computer program.
Computing Internodal Conductivities in Numerical Modeling of two Dimensional Unsaturated Flow on Rectangular Grid
Authors: Szymkiewicz A. , Burzynski K. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract This paper compares numerical solutions of transient two-dimensional unsaturated flow equation by using different averaging schemes for internodal conductivities. Averaging methods such as arithmetic mean, geometric mean, upstream weighting, and integrated mean are taken into account, as well as a recent approach based on steady-state approximation. The latter method proved the most flexible, producing relatively accurate solutions for both downward and upward flow cases.
The Influence of Selected Material and Technological Factors on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) / Wpływ Wybranych Czynników Materiałowych I Technologicznych Na Własciwosci Mechaniczne I Mikrostrukture Betonów Z Proszków Reaktywnych (BPR)
Authors: Zdeb T. , Sliwinski J. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract The paper deals with the properties and microstructure of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC), which was developed at Cracow University of Technology. The influence of three different curing conditions: water (W), steam (S) and autoclave (A) and also steel fibres content on selected properties of RPC was analyzed. The composite characterized by w/s ratio equal to 0.20 and silica fume to cement ratio 20%, depending on curing conditions and fibres content, obtained compressive strength was in the range from 200 to 315 MPa, while modulus of elasticity determined during compression was about 50 GPa. During three-point bending test load-deflection curves were registered. Base on aforementioned measurements following parameters were calculated: flexural strength, stress at limit of proportionality (LOP), stress at modulus of rapture (MOR), work of fracture (WF), and toughness indices I5, I10 and I20. Both amount of steel fibres and curing conditions influence the deflection of RPC during bending.
Influence of Hybrid Fibers on Toughness Behavior of High Strength Flowing Concrete
Authors: Dawood Eethar Thanon , Ramli Mahyuddin 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This study investigates the use of steel fibers and hybrid composite with a total fibers content of 2% on the high strength flowing concrete and determines the density, compressive strength, static modulus of elasticity, flexural strength and toughness indices for the mixes. The results show that the inclusion of more than 0.5% of palm fibers in hybrid fibers mixes reduces the compressive strength. The hybrid fibers can be considered as a promising concept and the replacement of a portion of steel fibers with palm fibers can significantly reduce the density, enhance the flexural strength and toughness. The results also indicates that the use of hybrid fibers (1.5 steel fibers + 0.5% palm fibers) in specimens increases significantly the toughness indices and thus the use of hybrid fibers combinations in reinforced concrete would enhance their flexural toughness & rigidity and enhance their overall performances
Impact of Land Use Changes and Dynamic Vegetation Changes on Vascular Flora Diversity in Małków–Bartochów (the Warta River Valley)
Authors: Woziwoda Beata , Michalska-Hejduk Dorota 
Published: March 2012

The paper presents the changes of vascular plant flora in the Małków–Bartochów peatland area (the Warta River valley) which took place over a 40-year period. Vanishing, permanent and new components of the flora are presented with a special focus on valuable (protected by the law, threatened and locally rare) species. Changes in the share of ecological groups are estimated and discussed. Anthropogenic and natural factors, directly or indirectly influencing (in the past and at present) flora composition, are noted and analyzed.
Anthropogenic Causes of Peatland Species Vanishing in the Glinno Ługi Area
Authors: Woziwoda Beata , Komperda Agata 
Published: March 2012

The paper presents information about the occurrence and state of preservation of valuable peat-bog species as well as about the threats facing them. The anthropopressure-related changes which occurred in the habitat of the Glinno Ługi peatland and their influence on the flora are presented and discussed.
An Attempt at Assessment of Alnetum Incanae Lüdi 1921 Transformations in the Skawica River Valley (The Beskid Żywiecki MTS)
Authors: Skowronek Izabela , Babczyńska-Sendek Beata , Chmura Damian 
Published: March 2012

The paper presents an attempt at assessment of Alnetum incanae LÜDI 1921 transformations in the Skawica River valley. The field studies were carried out in the whole Skawica valley. On the basis of phytosociological relevés, the participation of species which prefer riparian habitats, the number and cover of anthropophytes, including invasive plants, were analyzed. The presence of synanthropic sites was also taken into consideration. The research demonstrated that in the study area phytocoenoses of the Alnetum incanae association have primarily retained natural character, in spite of a noticeable influence of human impact. The results suggested that the vicinity of synanthropic sites does not eliminate natural components of phytocoenosis.