bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on Anophelism without Malaria in the Vicinity of Amsterdam
Authors: de Buck A. , Swellengrebel N. H. , Schoute E. 
Published: July 2009

The question to which we have tried to find an answer is why malaria is almost absent in the southern region (II) within our field of observation, whereas it is endemic in the northern (I). We found Anopheles slightly less frequent in the former, but the difference is irrelevant, and the density of the Anopheline population in Region II is considerable, compared with almost all the European malarious countries we visited and where A. maculipennis is the local vector.If this difference in the incidence of malaria is at all caused by a difference of the Anopheline faunas of the two regions (which need not be the case), then the biological distinctions are the only important ones. Morphological differences cannot interest us unless they are correlated with the former. Still we began by studying the latter, because they are easier to observe and to measure.
Two New Species of Apanteles (Hym., Braconidae)
Authors: Lyle G. T. 
Published: July 2009

Apanteles thompsoni, sp. n.♀. Black, shining ; palpi pale ; antennae beneath fusco-testaceous ; clypeus and mandibles rufo-testaceous ; belly at base testaceous ; sides of abdominal segments 1 and 2 fusco-testaceous ; legs testaceous, with hind coxae black or blackish, hind femora and tibiae slightly infuscated at tips, and hind tarsi more or less infuscated. Wings subhyaline, stigma pale fuscous, nervures paler but usually visible to the extreme margin of the wing.
On three New Species of Ichneumonidae
Authors: Wilkinson D. S. 
Published: July 2009

Rhyssa persuasoria himalayensis, subsp. n.May be separated from Rhyssa persuasoria, L., only on colour differences, of which the most important are as follows : Mesonotum with white signature, which is anteriorly acute and posteriorly broader, with sometimes the posterior angles somewhat drawn out behind ; all coxae black and white, except in the male, in which the four anterior coxae are almost entirely white ; hind legs, particularly hind femora, mainly dark to nigrescent or deep black, except in the male, in which the hind femora are mostly white ; the white lateral markings of the 7th tergite contiguous with their white apical spots respectively, except in the male.
Eight new Species of Braconidae
Authors: Wilkinson D. S. 
Published: July 2009

Microbracon kirkpatricki, sp. n.♂♀. Pale reddish testaceous with the 1st and 2nd tergites often almost stramineous ; antennae of a darker red ; extreme apex of tarsi black ; ovipositor sheaths dark brown to black ; the male often with the 2nd–5th tergites discally brownish ; ocelli black, the ocellar area sometimes darkened ; legs, particularly the hind legs, often stramineous or nearly so ; stigma and wing veins pale reddish, except that in the forewing the 1st abscissa of the anal vein and the basal half of the 1st abscissa of the medial vein are virtually colourless, and that the costal vein is brownish, and that the stigma in the males is brownish.♀. Integument noticeably coriaceous throughout, except the appendages. Head broadly rounded behind, 1·75 times as broad as long ; ocelli on a more or less distinct tubercle, not close together, the posterior ones only somewhat nearer to one another than to the eye ; flagellum with 25–29 joints, the majority of specimens with 27–29 joints ; apical joint of antennae wth a short apical style ; head impunctate and narrowly coriaceous. Thorax impunctate, with mesonotum, scutellum, and propodeon, more broadly coriaceous than the head ; mesopleurae more broadly coriaceous again ; the lines of the notauli only faintly indicated, but noticeable, chiefly on account of the enclosed median area which is raised somewhat and which, tapering to a point, reaches almost to the scutellar depression ; scutellar depression apparently sometimes weakly crenulate and sometimes plain ; propodeon completely plain except for a median, very weak, longitudinal excavation extending about half the length of the propodeon, when it becomes a fairly well marked longitudinal carina which extends to apex, where it joins the transverse apical ridge.
Notes on a Braconid Parasite of the Pink Boll-worm (Platyedra gossypiella, Saund.) in Kenya Colony
Authors: Kirkpatrick T. W. 
Published: July 2009

During November 1926, a few days were spent in making a rapid investigation of the insect pests of cotton occurring on the coast of Kenya Colony, between Mombasa and Mambrui, some eighty miles to the north.The pink boll-worm, Platyedra gossypiella, Saund., was found to occur in every plot of cotton visited ; it was also noticed that a certain proportion of the worms were parasitised by a species of Braconid, which has been described above by Mr. D. S. Wilkinson under the name of Microbracon kirkpatricki.A second visit was paid to the coast during the beginning of February 1927, to ascertain to what extent, if any, the pink boll-worm was controlled by this parasite, and to report on the possibilities of its introduction to other countries.Owing to the short time available for this work, these notes are naturally very incomplete ; it is hoped however that they will be of some value should anyone be of the writer's opinion that it is well worth while attempting to introduce this parasite into other countries.
A Chart-recording Weighing Machine for Beekeeping or other Research
Authors: Williams C. B. 
Published: July 2009

In the course of the beekeeping work of this Department we have had a number of hives weighed at regular intervals of about a week by means of a steelyard and tripod, and two permanently standing on platform weighing machine and weighed every day. The information obtained from these has been of great value in showing the seasonal variation in activity, the periods of honey flow, and the effect on the hives of the presence of enormous numbers of hornets in the late summer.There were, however, many problems, such as the daily periods of activity and honey-collecting, the effect of high midday temperature, etc., that could only be dealt with by more frequent weighings, and it was felt that a machine to record continuously the weight of the hive by means of a rotating clock drum and pen would be a most valuable instrument of research.
Two new Species of Australian Culicidae (Diptera)
Authors: Taylor Frank H. 
Published: July 2009

The present paper contains the descriptions of two new species of mosquitos from North Queensland, Mucidus chrysogaster and Aëdes (Finlaya) mackerrasi. The former, the second Australian species of the genus, is a very interesting and most beautiful insect, of which only the female is so far known ; the latter is also of interest in that it adds yet another species to the closely interwoven group of Australian Finlaya.My thanks are specially due to Dr. I. M. Mackerras, B.Sc., for his kind assistance in the determination of the latter species, since I was unable to do so myself, as the Institute does not possess a male specimen of Aëdes (Finlaya) occidentalis (Skuse). The comparative notes on the genitalia are from his pen.
On the Species of Gall Mites (Eriophyidae) found on the Genus Ribes
Authors: Massee A. M. 
Published: July 2009

During recent years a great deal of research work has been carried out in connection with the control of the black currant gall mite Eriophyes ribis (Westw.) Nal. This work has necessarily included the very careful study of the mites themselves, in order that the life-cycle might be fully understood, with the final object of trying to exterminate the mites at a period when they offered least resistance and were not living within the buds, which afford them adequate protection.While examining some black currant bushes in the late spring and summer months of 1923, in order to locate the position and determine the habits of the mites during that season, a rather peculiar form of mite was noticed to be present in small numbers. This new mite, when examined in the field, appeared to be very much stouter and of a darker colour than the familiar black currant gall mite. However, for some time it was regarded as being an immature stage of the common species. After some months this mite turned up again in greater numbers, and it was decided to examine it in detail in the Laboratory. The species proved to be a new one belonging to the genus Phyllocoptes.
Parasites and Hyperparasites of Diatraea saccharalis in Tucumán Sugar–cane
Authors: Brèthes Juan 
Published: July 2009

In the Revista Industrial y Agrícola de Tucumán of November 1923 to January 1924, 4th year, numbers 6–8, Arthur H. Rosenfeld & T. C. Barber published an interesting article on the sugar-cane moth borer, known in Tucumán as the “ gusano chupador de la caña de azucar,” in which they detail the different effects of the said moth borer (Diatraea saccharalis).Last year, Dr. William E. Cross, Director of the Estación Industrial y Agrícola de Tucumán, was good enough to entrust me with the study of some Diatraea parasites, the identification of which had, so far, only been effected generically.My best thanks are due to Dr. Cross for having supplied me with material for this investigation, which I consider very interesting, owing to the daily increasing importance of the biological control of agricultural pests.There is no doubt but that by continuing these investigations other parasites will be discovered ; this is as yet only the first step on the road which may lead to very important results.
The effect of size on the height of flight of migrant moths
Authors: Taylor L. R. , Brown E. S. , Llttlewood S. C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMoths migrating at Muguga, Kenya, were sampled at 24·5 m and 0·6 m above the ground by light-trap. The larger the species, the greater proportion of the sample it represented at the higher level. This effect was independent of family and morphological type. This result is important in considering the evolution of size with respect to orientation and migratory ambit and the role of downwind migration in population dynamics.
The effect of ultra-low-volume aerial applications of endosulfan applied against Glossina (Diptera: Glossinidae) on populations of non-target organisms in savanna woodland in Zimbabwe-Rhodesia
Authors: Cockbill G. F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDuring ultra-low-volume aerial applications of endosulfan at 14 g/ha for control of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw. and G. pallidipes Aust. in savanna woodland in Zimbabwe-Rhodesia, the effects on other organisms were monitored. The numbers and varieties of arthropods, mainly insects, were studied by catches in light-straps and open trays. Mortalities amongst exposed aquatic insects, fish, frogs, mice and stingless bees (Trigona spp.) were noted. No deleterious effect of the insecticide was demonstrated, Other than on fish (Tilapia spp.) in shallow water.
Some effects of heparin on Glossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Glossinidae) fed in vivo
Authors: Gingrich R. E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFemale Glossina palpalis palpalis (R.-D.) produced larger puparia when they fed on live goats that were injected intravenously with 200 IU of sodium heparinate/day than when they fed on untreated goats or on heparinised goat blood in vitro. Heparin did not produce the same effects when guineapigs were the hosts. Puparia from flies that fed on untreated guineapigs were larger than those from flies that fed on untreated goats. Heparin had no effect on the life-span or fecundity of females that fed on goats or on the life-span of flies that fed on guineapigs. However, the fecundity of flies that fed on guineapigs injected with 500 IU heparin/kg was greater than that of flies fed on untreated guineapigs.
A Revision of the Indo-Australian Species of the Genus Apanteles (Hym. Bracon.).—Part II
Authors: Wilkinson D. S. 
Published: July 2009

39. Apanteles taeniaticornis, sp. n.♀. Black; the four front legs (except their coxae), the basal third of the hind tibiae, red testaceous; hind femora red to red-black; basal ventrites and the lateral membranous margins of the 1st tergite pale reddish; palpi and hind tibial spurs white; the 9th to the 12th flagellar joints inclusive entirely cream-white; the apical half of the 8th, and the basal half of the 13th joint, rather pale; ovipositor red; stigma and wing veins dark brown; wings infumated.
The Sirex Wood-wasps and their Importance in Forestry
Authors: Chrystal R. N. 
Published: July 2009

(1) A complete review of the classification and status of the Siricid wood-wasps occurring in Britain is given in this paper.(2) The biology ofS. cyaneus, F., which has been studied at Tubney Wood, Oxford, during the past two years, is described, together with supplementary notes onS. gigas, L.(3) A study of the forest relations ofS. cyaneusat Tubney has shown that this species cannot be considered a primary enemy of healthy green trees. Trees which are favoured bySirexare usually markedly unhealthy from one cause or another. At Tubney unsuitable soil conditions were the principal factors.(4)SirexandTetropium gabrieli, Weise, the larch longicorn beetle, may occur almost simultaneously as indicators of pathological conditions in larch woods.(5) In North DevonFomes annosus, a root fungus, was the predisposing factor in the case of silver fir attacked bySirex.(6) BothS. cyaneusandS. gigasmay occur in the same tree. This was found to be the case at South Molton, North Devon, in silver fir.S. gigasappears to prefer larger trees, and it is not present in the larch at Tubney Wood, which is in the pole stage.(7) The primary object of the work was to acquire a knowledge of the parasites ofSirex, Rhyssa persuasoria, L., andIbalia leucospoides, Hochenw. Both parasites were studied at Tubney, and have already been dealt with (Bull. Ent. Res. xix p. 67, 1928).(8) It is considered probable that the results obtained in the above study will throw some light on theSirexproblem in New Zealand. Emphasis is therefore laid upon the importance of studying the silvicultural conditions in relation toSirexattack.
Notes on a Tsetse Belt in Western Uganda
Authors: Simmons R. J. 
Published: July 2009

Prior to 1900–05 South Ankole was free from tsetse.About 1906–07 Glossina morsitans crossed the Kagera northwards at three points: Kakitumba, Nyaruambu, and Kafunza (Tanganyika). Cattle in those areas were moved north on the advent of the fly, thus spreading it in small numbers, mainly northwards.The epizootic recorded in Ngarama and Bukanga in 1910–11 was due to “direct” transmission following the introduction of infected cattle from the south.The influx of man in 1914–15 through the Nyaruambu and Kafunza centres, chiefly the former, caused marked disturbances and rapid spread of the fly, principally along the line of communication to the north.The sudden withdrawal of the human element resulted in marked diminution of fly density, and the advent of rinderpest in 1919 destroyed an important alternative food supply, thus giving further impetus to the reduction.After a period of 27 years the tsetse had retired to those two points from which it had originally spread.The Kakitumba centre had not suffered human invasion, as did the foregoing, and no great activity of Glossina has therefore been recorded.The picture presented is that man himself has proved the greatest factor in that wide and rapid spread of Glossina which Ankole experienced during 1907–1917.
The Bionomics of Lema melanopa, L. (Criocerinae), in Great Britain
Authors: Hodson W. E. H. 
Published: July 2009

The beetle, Lema melanopa, is a serious pest of cereal crops in certain areas of Europe and is becoming increasingly common on cereals in Britain. A survey of the literature indicates that the life-history differs in various localities, and no previous account has been given of the life-history in this country.The life-cycle in Britain is briefly as follows. The adult beetles emerge from hibernation in April, mate and commence to oviposit towards the end of May. Oviposition continues for nearly two months, and adults commence to emerge early in July and continue to do so until September. There is no indication that a second brood occurs, although the climate would permit of one.The adults feed freely after emergence, but largely on grasses, prior to hibernating in November. In the spring they feed almost exclusively on the leaves of young cereals. The larvae feed principally on cereals. Adults tend to be gregarious and are very long-lived, numbers living over a second winter.Two larval parasites occur in Britain and further information concerning these is being obtained. Of all larvae collected in the field 25 per cent. were found to be parasitised.The loss of crop sustained as a result of attack by this pest amounts on the Continent, in extreme cases, to as much as 50 per cent. of the total. Control measures consist of cultural methods, spraying and dusting. Certain of these might be adapted for use in this country with reasonable hope of success.
The Bionomics of some Tree-hole Mosquitos
Authors: Beattie Mary V. F. , Howland Lucy J. 
Published: July 2009

1. 138 larvae of Anopheles, Finlaya and Orthopodomyia, collected from three tree-holes described in Part I, were dissected and their contents examined.2. Small algae, a few animals, bacteria and considerable quantities of rotting vegetation were found in them.3. The algal and animal food seems to be insufficient for the anabolic processes of the larvae.4. It is possible that bacteria may play some part in their nutrition, especially of Orthopodomyia.5. It is also suggested that the larvae are able to utilise any food constituents present in the vegetable debris.I wish to thank Dr. P. A. Buxton for the interest he has shown during the progress of this work, and Professor F. E. Fritsch for help in identification of the algal species.
A Note on the Use of Dried Poison Bait against Locusts in the Sudan
Authors: King Harold H. 
Published: July 2009

There are in the Sudan three species of migratory locusts : Anacridium moestum melanorhodon, Walk., or the tree locust, Locusta migratoria, L., and Schistocerca gregaria, Forsk., sometimes termed the desert locust. Of these the last-named is the plague locust of the country—the other two species being relatively unimportant—and is the species referred to as the “ locust ” throughout this paper.From 1899 till 1917 swarms of locusts occurred annually, but then followed a period of ten years during which the Sudan suffered no damage from this pest. In 1927 and again in the succeeding year the locust reappeared as a plague, and there is little doubt but that it is to be expected year by year over an extended period and until the cycle either naturally terminates or is artificially brought to an end. The swarms of fliers appear from May onwards and oviposit in July and August when and where in the arid regions sufficient rain has fallen, the resulting generation of adults emigrating in October. A certain amount of breeding takes place during the winter on the Red Sea littoral, where winter rains occur, but this district is relatively small and easily dealt with ; the main problem is how to prevent breeding during the summer rainy season throughout the vast areas of the central and northern Sudan.
New Species and Host Records of Braconidae
Authors: Wilkinson D. S. 
Published: July 2009

Ipobracon peronatus, Cam.Iphiaulax peronatus, Cameron, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., i, 1887, p. 337.Trinidad : 3 ♀♀, 25.xi.1928, 5.xii.l928, 21.ii.1929 (J. G. Myers).Host. Dr. Myers considers this parasite to be associated with the Cerambycid beetle, Stirastoma depressum, L., infesting cacao logs.These specimens agree absolutely with the type (which is in the British Museum) with the possible exception that they appear to have the 2nd cubital cell relatively somewhat longer ; this difference, however, is so minute that it is a character upon which I am not prepared to describe a new species.Ipobracon peronatus is easily separable from the two other recorded Braconine parasites of Stirastoma, as follows : From Cyanopterus depressi, Vier., by the thorax and legs, the colour of which in this latter species is black throughout ; and from Cyanopterus steirastomae, Vier., by the nature of the 2nd tergite, which from Viereck's description would appear to be fine and smooth.
Observations on the Coccidae of Southern Rhodesia.—II
Authors: Hall W. J. 
Published: July 2009

The present paper deals with a further 16 species and varieties of Diaspinae of which 9 are believed to be new to science.In addition to the acknowledgements already made in Part 1 I desire to express my thanks to the Chief Entomologist of the Department of Agriculture, Pretoria, for his kindness in permitting certain authentic material of South African Coccidae from the collections of his Department to be sent to me, and to Mr. H. K. Munro of the same Department for very kindly looking out the material and forwarding it.
A new Species of Oliarus (Hom., Cixiid.) on Coconut Palms
Authors: Muir F. 
Published: July 2009

Oliarus cocosivora, sp. n. (fig. 1).Male : length, 3·5 mm. ; tegmen, 4 mm.Length of vertex along lateral margin twice the width at base ; the areolets reaching nearly to middle of vertex ; base angularly emarginate ; a distinct, fine carina down middle of basal half. The median frontal carina forked at base. The fine carinae of mesothorax distinct. The fork of Sc+R slightly more distad than fork of Cu ; the fork of M1, 2 slightly more basad than fork of M3, 4. The genitalia are figured. The anal segment a little longer than wide. The aedeagus armed with large spines.
The Tobacco Capsid (Engytatus volucer, Kirk.) in Rhodesia
Authors: Roberts J. Isgaer 
Published: July 2009

1. The Hemipterous fauna of the tobacco plant in Rhodesia during the growing season is confined to a Coreid, Aleurodid, Jassid and a Capsid.2. A description of the adult and various instars of the Capsid, Engytatus volucer, Kirk., is given.3. The habits of the insect on tobacco are discussed.4. Attempted transmission of tobacco mosaic by Hemiptera found on tobacco plants failed.5. Further experiments with the macerated contents of the thorax of E. volucer have proved it to cause a rolling and puckering of the leafsurface, which is termed “crinkle.”6. Crinkle is caused by the poisonous nature of the saliva which spreads rapidly through the interior of the leaf. The salivary action does not affect localised centres to any appreciable extent so as to cause a “shot-hole” effect, as observed with other Capsids. The feeding sites are only noticeable when the leaf is held up to the light; rapid translocation currents cause its action to be spread over larger areas.7. The injury is aggravated in weakened plants grown under adverse conditions, such as the striking of a hard pan in the sub-soil or a stone, or water deficiency.8. Control can be effectively carried out by thorough cultivation of the soil, and the choosing of suitable sub-soils for root development. Early planting in December is recommended, or even earlier if rains are suitable, so that the plants will be well established before the height of infestation in April.
New Braconidae and other Notes
Authors: Wilkinson D. S. 
Published: July 2009

Malaya: Teluk Anson, 1 ♀, iii.1923 (G. H. Corbett), 3 ♀♀, 1 ♂, 18.iv.1930; Serdang, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 17.i.1925 (G. H. Corbett); Kuala Lumpur, 1 ♀, 10.vii.1928 (G. H. Corbett & B. A. R. Gater).Host. The three more recent series were bred from larvae of the Limacodid moth, Setora nitens, Walk.