bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian wavelet shrinkage
Authors: Huerta Gabriel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBayesian wavelet‐shrinkage methods are defined through a prior distribution on the space of wavelet coefficients after a Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) has been applied to the data. Posterior summaries of the wavelet coefficients establish a Bayes shrinkage rule. After the Bayes shrinkage is performed, an Inverse DWT can be used to recover the signal that generated the observations. This article reviews some of the main approaches for Bayesian wavelet shrinkage that span both smooth and multivariate types of shrinkage.WIREs Comp Stat2010 2 668–672 DOI: 10.1002/wics.127This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and TheoryStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
Geometry in statistics
Authors: Vos Paul W. , Marriott Paul 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGeometry is a broad area that has applications to many areas of statistics. In this article the focus will be on the role of dual information geometries to statistical inference. A great deal of research has been done in the application of these dual geometries to higher order asymptotics and a brief review is given. Greater attention is given to providing insight into dual geometries as extensions of Euclidean geometry, and how, a further extension, called the dual simplicial geometry, can provide a general framework for computational algorithms. WIREs Comp Stat 2010 2 686–694 DOI: 10.1002/wics.128This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Information Theoretic Methods
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods
SAS
Authors: Rodriguez Robert N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSAS®software is a comprehensive set of integrated tools and solutions for accessing, managing, and analyzing data. SAS, which was formed as a company in 1976, is a leading developer of statistical software, which is widely used in academic, business, and government organizations. Since the 1980s, SAS has expanded its analytical software to include forecasting and econometrics, data mining, text mining, and operations research. SAS now builds on these components to provide software for business analytics and solutions for industry‐specific problems such as customer intelligence, fraud prevention, and risk management. This article describes the evolution of SAS as a company and overviews new directions in its analytical software. An example program illustrates key elements of SAS programming that are useful for statistical analysis.WIREs Comp Stat2011 3 1–11 DOI: 10.1002/wics.131This article is categorized under:Software for Computational Statistics > Software/Statistical Software
Functional protein microarray technology
Authors: Hu Shaohui , Xie Zhi , Qian Jiang , Blackshaw Seth , Zhu Heng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFunctional protein microarrays are emerging as a promising new tool for large‐scale and high‐throughput studies. In this article, we review their applications in basic proteomics research, where various types of assays have been developed to probe binding activities to other biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA, RNA, small molecules, and glycans. We also report recent progress of using functional protein microarrays in profiling protein post‐translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, acetylation, and nitrosylation. Finally, we discuss potential of functional protein microarrays in biomarker identification and clinical diagnostics. We strongly believe that functional protein microarrays will soon become an indispensible and invaluable tool in proteomics research and systems biology. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2011 3 255–268 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.118This article is categorized under:

Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Proteomics Methods
Generalized Method to Quantify Glycidol Fatty Acid Esters in Edible Oils
Authors: Masukawa Yoshinori , Shiro Hiroki , Kondo Naoki , Kudo Naoto 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe previously reported a method to quantify five species of glycidol fatty acid esters (GEs) in edible oils which used a combination of a double solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) using fast HPLC. To expand its application, we established a new method using conventional HPLC, which is applicable not only to liquid oils but also to solid ones. The optimized LC‐MS conditions using conventional HPLC were useful for standard GEs but not for oil samples because of the insufficient accuracy during sequential runs. Thin‐layer chromatographic studies revealed that co‐existing diacylglycerols were not sufficiently removed by the original SPE procedure due to excessive amounts of oil applied to the normal‐phase SPE, which disturbed the quantitative and stable detection only when conventional HPLC was employed. The amount of oil applied was decreased tenfold (100 mg → 10 mg), which resulted in stable LC‐MS measurements. Furthermore, the use of chloroform/acetone, instead of acetonitrile, prior to the SPE treatment expanded its applicability to solid oils, with recovery values ranging from 102.7 to 109.5% for three oil samples (two liquid and one solid oils). This method can form the basis of a standardized method for the quality control of GEs in edible oils.
BMO, integrability, Harnack and Caccioppoli inequalities for quasiminimizers
Authors: Björn Anders , Björn Jana , Marola Niko 
Published: September 2010

In this paper we use quasiminimizing properties of radial power-type functions to deduce counterexamples to certain Caccioppoli-type inequalities and weak Harnack inequalities for quasisuperharmonic functions, both of which are well known to hold for

p

-superharmonic functions. We also obtain new bounds on the local integrability for quasisuperharmonic functions. Furthermore, we show that the logarithm of a positive quasisuperminimizer has bounded mean oscillation and belongs to a Sobolev type space.

Résumé

Dans cet article nous utilisons les propriétés des fonctions avec puissance radiale afin d'obtenir des contre-exemples à certaines inéquations de type Caccioppoli et Harnack faible pour les fonctions quasisuperharmoniques, lesquelles sont bien connues être valables pour les fonctions

p

-superharmoniques. Nous obtenons aussi de nouvelles bornes pour l'intégrabilité locale des fonctions quasisuperharmoniques. De plus nous démontrons que le logarithme d'une fonction positive quasiminimisante est de type BMO, et appartient à un espace de Sobolev.
Olfactory and gustatory function in healthy adult Chinese subjects
Authors: Yang Ling , Wei Yongxiang , Yu Di , Zhang Jinfeng , Liu Yuehong 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of age and gender on olfactory and gustatory function and to establish test methodology and normative values in Chinese subjects.STUDY DESIGNCross‐sectional study.SETTINGThe center laboratory and the Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe T&T olfactometer, the Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test, olfactory event‐related potentials (oERPs), trigeminal event‐related potentials (tERPs), and the triple drop method for gustatory testing were used to examine the chemosensation in 90 healthy adults (45 men and 45 women).RESULTSOlder subjects (age 51–65 years) showed worse olfaction compared with younger subjects (age 18–35 years) when both T&T (younger —1.71 ± 0.41, older —0.92 ± 0.95; P < 0.01) and Sniffin' Sticks (threshold, discrimination, identification score: younger 33.17 ± 2.83, older 30.89 ± 3.35; P < 0.05) testing were performed. Measurement of oERPs revealed that older patients (N1 471 ± 85 ms, P2 676 ± 93 ms) had longer latencies compared with younger ones (N1 368 ± 57 ms, P2 561 ± 74 ms, P < 0.05) of N1/P2 wave. The results of trigeminal nerve‐related potential examination showed that N1/P2 latencies were longer and amplitudes were lower in older people (N1 384 ± 98 ms/—5.01 ± 4.00 uv, P2 568 ± 95 ms/6.53 ± 3.62 uv) compared with younger patients (N1 316 ± 31 ms/—7.20 ± 3.43 uv, P2 472 ± 66 ms/8.72 ± 3.09 uv; P < 0.05). Gustation was normal in all subjects, and there was no significant difference between younger and older groups.CONCLUSIONAge and gender affect olfaction in Chinese adults as measured by standard testing methods used in other human populations. In healthy Chinese subjects, gustation was normal and did not vary with age. Our data provide preliminary normative values for future investigation of chemosensation in the Chinese population.
Comparison of pharyngeal stenosis between hypopharyngeal patients undergoing primary versus salvage laryngopharyngectomy
Authors: Tsou Yung‐An , Lin Meng‐Hung , Hua Chun‐Hung , Tseng Hsien‐Chang , Bau Da‐Tian , Tsai Ming‐Hsui 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVETo survey the risk factors of pharyngeal stenosis after laryngopharyngectomy in patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancers.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGTertiary medical center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSPharyngeal stenosis rates and risk factors were compared between two groups of laryngopharyngectomy patients: a group that underwent concurrent chemoradiation therapy followed by surgical salvage, and a surgery initiated group with adjuvant chemoradiation.RESULTSOf 160 patients, 25 developed pharyngeal stenosis, which was diagnosed by barium esophagography with a pooling of barium contrast above the neopharyngeal inlet. These patients required nasogastric tube feeding or gastrostomy feeding because an oral liquid diet could not meet their nutritional needs. Primary closure and old age were risk factors for pharyngeal stenosis. Pharyngeal stenosis did not affect survival in patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent laryngopharyngectomy.CONCLUSIONPrimary closure reconstruction is discouraged in patients over the age of 65 years.
Tinnitus in the elderly: Profile, correlates, and impact in the Nigerian Study of Ageing
Authors: Lasisi Akeem O. , Abiona Taiwo , Gureje Oye 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVETo determine the prevalence and correlates of tinnitus among community elderly and its impact on their quality of life.STUDY DESIGNLongitudinal cohort.SETTINGYoruba‐speaking communities in Nigeria.SUBJECTS AND METHODSFace‐to‐face interviews of 1302 subjects 65 years or older selected by the use of a multistage stratified sampling of households. Subjects were assessed for subjective tinnitus, chronic health conditions, functional impairment, and quality of life by use of the brief version of the World Health Organization quality of life instrument.RESULTSTinnitus was reported in 184 (110 female and 74 male subjects), giving a prevalence of 14.1 percent (SE = 0.49). Gender, age, economic status, educational level, residence, smoking, and alcohol consumption were not significantly associated with tinnitus. Univariate analysis revealed a history of recurrent otitis media (odds ratio [OR] = 4.5, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.1–6.6, P = 0.01), head injury (OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.1–5.6, P = 0.01), rhinosinusitis (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.5–4.0, P = 0.01), dizziness (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.1, P = 0.01), and hypertension (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0–2.7, P = 0.05) as significant correlates. However, in multivariate analysis, only a history of otitis media and of head injury remained significant. Compared with those without, persons with tinnitus had a more negative perception of their overall health and a poorer quality of life as well as twofold likelihood to experience impairment in both activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living.CONCLUSIONTinnitus is common among elderly Nigerians and is associated with treatable health conditions, such as otitis media, rhinosinusitis, head injury, and hypertension. Its association with functional impairment and reduced quality of life highlights the need for inclusion in any comprehensive health care for the elderly.
Multicenter study of a novel adjustable tongue‐advancement device for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Woodson B. Tucker , Steward David L. , Mickelson Samuel , Huntley Tod , Goldberg Andrew 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVEThe safety and clinical effect of a new surgical device for tongue suspension for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was assessed.STUDY DESIGNMulticenter phase 2 prospective case series.SETTINGMulticenter academic and private.SUBJECTS AND METHODSSurgically naïve patients with moderate‐to‐severe OSA and tongue base obstruction (body mass index < 32, apnea/hypopnea index [AHI] 15–60) underwent surgical insertion of a midline tissue anchor into the posterior tongue and connected to an adjustable mandibular bone anchor with a flexible tether. Outcomes included changes in AHI, sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), sleep‐related quality‐of‐life (Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire), snoring, swallowing, speech, and pain (0–10 visual analog scale).RESULTSAfter the implant, 42 patients (mean age 50 years, body mass index 28) noted improvement at six months for AHI (mean [SD]: 35.5 [20.4] to 27.3 [18.8]), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (11.5 [3.9] to 7.8 [4.7]), and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (15.5 [2.6] to 17.5 [2.6], all P < 0.01). Snoring VAS scores improved (7.3 [2.1] to 4.7 [2.9], P < 0.01). Postimplant pain scores were mild to moderate (4.4) at day one and resolved by day five. Post‐titration pain scores were mild (< 2). Device‐related adverse events included wound infection (7%) and edema or seroma (5%), which resolved. However, in 31 percent of patients, asymptomatic tissue anchor barb fractures were observed radiographically.CONCLUSIONThe tissue anchor failure rate of the tested device precludes its clinical use; however, the study results support that a titratable, tongue‐suspension device with low direct surgical morbidity in patients with moderate‐to‐severe sleep apnea significantly improves multiple measures of sleep apnea. Further investigation is warranted.
Regulators and mediators of radiation‐induced fibrosis: Gene expression profiles and a rationale for Smad3 inhibition
Authors: Lee Judy W. , Zoumalan Richard A. , Valenzuela Cristian D. , Nguyen Phuong D. , Tutela John P. , Roman Benjamin R. , Warren Stephen M. , Saadeh Pierre B. 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVERadiotherapy, an essential modality in cancer treatment, frequently induces fibrotic processes in the skin, including accumulation of extracellular matrix. Transforming growth factor‐β is essential in regulating extracellular matrix gene expression and is dependent on Smad3, an intracellular mediator/transcription factor. Our study characterized the genetic expression involved in extracellular matrix accumulation during radiationinduced fibrosis. We performed Smad3 gene silencing in an attempt to abrogate the effects of radiation.STUDY DESIGNLaboratory research.SETTINGUniversity laboratory.SUBJECTS AND METHODSC57 murine dermal fibroblasts were irradiated with 20 Gy RNA isolated (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours postirradiation) and mRNA analyzed (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) for known regulators (Smad3, interleu‐kin‐13 [IL‐13]), tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α]) and mediators of fibrosis (collagen 1A1 [Col1A1]), TGF‐β, matrix metalloprotease‐1 and −2 (MMP‐1, MMP‐2), and tissue inhibitor of metallo‐protease‐1 (TIMP‐1). Smad3 gene expression was silenced using siRNA in an effort to restore an unirradiated gene profile.RESULTSFollowing irradiation, there was a steady increase in mRNA expression of Smad3, IL‐13, TGF‐β, Col1A1, MMP‐2, TIMP‐1, with peak at 12 to 24 hours and subsequent decline by 72 hours. TNF‐α expression remained elevated throughout. MMP‐1 showed minimal expression initially, which decreased to negligible by 72 hours. Inhibition of Smad3 significantly decreased expression of Col1A1, TGF‐β, MMP‐2, and TIMP‐1. IL‐13 and TNF‐α expression was not affected by Smad3 silencing.CONCLUSIONWe have characterized the early‐phase mRNA expression profiles of the major mediators of radiation‐induced fibrosis. Smad3 siRNA effectively abrogated the elevation of Col1A1, TGF‐β, TIMP‐1, and MMP‐2. IL‐13 and TNF‐α were unaffected by Smad3 silencing and appear to be minor regulators in fibrosis. These findings suggest a therapeutic rationale for Smad3 silencing in vivo.
Midterm outcomes of outfracture of the inferior turbinate
Authors: Aksoy Fadlullah , Yildirim Yavuz Selim , Veyseller Bayram , Ozturan Orhan , Demirhan Hasan 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVEA variety of medical and surgical treatment alternatives exists for the management of inferior turbinate hypertrophy, indicating a lack of consensus on the optimal technique. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the inferior turbinate objectively by means of radiologic methodology during the early and late periods in patients treated with inferior turbinate outfracture.STUDY DESIGNCase series with planned data collection.SETTINGTertiary referral center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSEighty inferior turbinates of 40 patients (28 males, 12 females) who underwent surgery because of septum deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy were included in this prospective clinical study. All patients were evaluated by paranasal sinus computed tomography preoperatively and at one and six months postsurgery. The angle and the distance between the inferior turbinate and the lateral wall of the nasal fossa and the area lateral to the inferior turbinate bone were measured on the coronal plane anterior posteriorly at five different anatomic levels.RESULTSStatistically significant reductions were noted in the angle and distances in all sections one and six months postoperatively when compared with the preoperative measurements (P < 0.005).CONCLUSIONCompared with the preoperative status, those patients who underwent turbinate outfracture procedures displayed a reduction in the angle and the distance between the inferior turbinate bone and the lateral wall of the nasal fossa and the area lateral to the inferior turbinate bone one month following surgery. Ongoing outcomes of this treatment method have been objectively shown.
Preoperative treatment with topical corticoids and bleeding during primary endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Albu Silviu , Gocea Anamaria , Mitre Ileana 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVETo find out whether the constant preoperative use of a topical corticoid (mometasone furoate [MF]) could really improve the operative field quality and decrease bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).STUDY DESIGNDouble‐blind, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Tertiary referral center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSSeventy patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with and without polyps underwent ESS under standardized general anesthesia with equal randomization into two groups. During four weeks within the preoperative period, 35 cases were treated with MF, while the other half received placebo matching sprays. Total blood loss, operation time, and surgical field quality were recorded.RESULTSIntraoperative blood loss in the MF‐treated group was 142.8 mL, less than in the control group (170.6 mL). The difference between the groups is 27.7 mL (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.5–51.92), statistically significant: P = 0.025. Time of surgery was 59 minutes in the MF group and 70 minutes in the control group. The difference was 11.2 minutes (95% CI 2.82–19.51), which is statistically significant: P = 0.009. The quality of the endoscopic surgical field was significantly better for patients treated with MF. Treatment with topical corticoid enables significantly reduced bleeding, decreased operation time, and improved endoscopic vision during ESS for CRS.CONCLUSIONThe use of topical corticoid (MF) in the preoperative period can improve endoscopic vision, reduce bleeding, and decrease operation time in CRS patients with and without polyps undergoing ESS, but our sample size cannot exclude small, and possibly trivial, group differences.
Errors in the diagnosis and management of necrotizing otitis externa
Authors: Jacobsen Laura M. , Antonelli Patrick J. 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVENecrotizing otitis externa (NOE) is a life‐threatening condition that may be difficult to distinguish from other clinical entities. The purpose of this study was to assess the pitfalls associated with contemporary diagnosis and management of NOE.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGTertiary referral center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSPatients given the diagnosis of NOE or one of its typical presenting complaints over the past 14 years were identified by diagnostic and radiology codes. Charts were reviewed for history, findings, treatment, and outcomes.RESULTSFifty‐one patients with NOE were identified. The annual case numbers rose steadily. A risk factor was known in 46 patients. Gallium single‐photon emission computed tomography was accurate for the presence (44 of 46 patients) and resolution of disease. Prolonged systemic antimicrobial therapy (mean 15 weeks, range 4–59 weeks) was required. Microbial cultures influenced therapy in only 50 percent. Two diabetic men died with disease. Of the cases seen at the request of otolaryngologists, 68 percent were for indications other than NOE (e.g., chronic otitis media). With a known risk such as diabetes, the mean time to diagnosis was 6.9 months. History of and clinical appearance overlapping with benign otitis were the primary reasons for diagnostic delay.CONCLUSIONNOE remains a life‐threatening condition that requires prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Its incidence may be on the rise. NOE may develop in patients with benign otitis media and externa, and must be considered in all patients with temporal bone inflammation, especially those with risk factors and those who fail to improve with more conservative measures.
Treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: No Need for Postmaneuver Restrictions
Authors: Nuti Daniele , Nati Catia AT , Passali Desiderio 
Published: September 2010

The liberatory maneuver of Semont is an effective physical treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. It works because it causes otoconia to move out the posterior canal. The effectiveness of the maneuver is thought to be indicated by the appearance of a liberatory nystagmus. After the maneuver, patients are usually instructed to keep their heads erect for several days and not to lie on the pathologic side for about a week. Here we investigated the prognostic value of liberatory nystagmus and whether restrictions are necessary after treatment. Fifty‐six patients with posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo underwent the Semont maneuver and were checked after 20 minutes, 24 hours, and 1 week. The patients were told that they could sleep or move as they pleased, without any particular precautions. We found that liberatory nystagmus had a high prognostic value and that it was not necessary for patients to avoid certain positions or movements after treatment.