bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Future of Victimhood
Authors: Krystalli Roxani 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ideas about ‘good victims’ reflect contests over the resonance of identities and statuses across different time horizons. This concluding chapter looks towards the future of the victim category by asking: What are the implications of insisting on transitioning away from a victim identity and asking people to leave claims of victimhood in the past, while violence is ongoing and public policy fulfilment for people recognized as victims is incomplete? How do different actors imagine the future of victimhood, and how do these framings of past, present, and future shape politics, relationships, and claim-making? Rather than treating the past, present, and future as fully distinct temporal phases that one can linearly travel through, this story frames time more fluidly. Violence, victimhood, and the political subjectivities they bring to bear blur the tenses; they link the past, present, and future, shaping people’s memories, imaginations, and claims.
A New Creed on Regulation
Authors: Kus Basak 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 unpacks the core tenets of the neoliberal perspective on regulation. It charts the rise of an intellectual wave in the 1970s and 1980s, marked by figures like Stigler, Peltzman, Buchanan, Tullock, Krueger, Niskanen, and others, that was critical of direct and substantive governmental regulation. It then traces how this anti-statist viewpoint was further fortified in the 1990s by breakthroughs in financial economics and the growing allure of the New Public Management approach to governance. The chapter highlights the transformative role economists have played in molding the contours of the American regulatory state. The chapter also lends a better understanding to the principles guiding the US government’s regulatory approach to a financializing economy.
From Politics to Policy
Authors: Kus Basak 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 delves into the translation of new economic ideas on risk regulation into specific policy tools tailored to a financialized economy. Moving beyond the dominant narrative that links American neoliberalism primarily to deregulation, this chapter unveils a more multifaceted policy transformation from the 1970s onward, which was not a mere reduction of rules but a reimagining of government and market roles in risk mitigation. While deregulation was significant—paving the way for new market entities and instruments—it was just one facet of the shift. As financial markets evolved, presenting new risks, the government’s response was often characterized by a regulatory drift, with existing statutes becoming outdated. When the government stepped in, it did so with a growing focus on market discipline and individual rationality, evident both in its pivot toward a micro-oriented regulation and its embrace of information-based measures.
Disembeddedness in Financial Times
Authors: Kus Basak 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 delves deeper into the concept of “disembeddedness” in the era of finance. It examines the inadequacies of neoliberal risk regulation policies and instruments in protecting against systemic risks and safeguarding consumer interests, highlighting the shortcomings of micro-oriented, information-based regulatory methods and the problems stemming from the fragmented regulatory structure of US financial markets. The chapter argues that the systemic risks and challenges faced by consumers in financial markets, including predatory and unjust practices, are neither inherent to the markets nor solely the result of actions by a few greedy CEOs. Rather, they directly result from specific regulatory choices made by the American government in the three decades preceding the financial crisis.
In Search of Protection
Authors: Kus Basak 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 concludes by summarizing the book’s primary insights and contributions. It first revisits the components of the neoliberal approach to regulation, explores its political reception starting in the 1970s, and discusses the policies that emerged from it. The chapter then links the regulatory framework to the financialization of the economy, pinpointing where and how risk deficits materialized. Transitioning to the backdrop of the financial crisis, it evaluates the management of these risk deficits in its wake. The chapter concludes by drawing connections between regulatory shifts, financialization, and the implications for democracy.
The Law of Yours and Mine
Authors: Essert Christopher 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that property, and only property, can solve the Problem of Yours and Mine and allow us to relate as equals with respect to spaces and objects. It begins with a characterization of the way that we relate through the idea of yours and mine, which happens whenever an action or relation is structured through claims about what belongs to someone. It then shows that such a relation is an egalitarian relation when it is realized through an omnilateral institution understood in roughly Kantian terms. “Property” is our name for such an institution. So property solves the Problem of Yours and Mine. But nothing else can solve the Problem: various putative alternative forms of resource allocation are not alternatives to property, either because they do not allow us to relate as equals or because they are, in fact, implicitly relying on an idea of property.
Property within Private Law
Authors: Essert Christopher 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the place of the law of property within private law more generally. Two contrasts are explored: the contrast between property rights and personal rights, and the contrast between property rights and contract rights. Property implicates the idea of a res, a subject matter of a property right that is separate from the person whose property it is and which has an existence independent of any transaction between right holder and duty ower. The first feature of the idea of the res distinguishes property rights from personal rights, which are not separate from the person whose rights they are; the second feature distinguishes property rights from in personam rights including contract rights. Various liminal cases are discussed, including property in biological materials, property in intangibles, and property in cases understandable as in rem protection of an existing in personam right, such as corporate shares, debts, and trusts.
Property and Regulation
Authors: Essert Christopher 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter returns to the idea of structural subordination and introduces the public law of property—the part of the law of property aimed at responding to structural subordination—and locates the public law of property within public law more generally. It considers the phenomenon of homelessness and shows how the need to eliminate homelessness is based entirely within the institution of property and the idea of yours and mine. There is an exploration of important parts of the right to housing including an explanation of why this is a right against the state, what the state is obligated to do to fulfill it, and various factors that need to be taken into account in understanding provision of adequate homes. It shows how other forms of regulation of property rights, including noise bylaws and various tenant protections, can be understood in the same way.
Public Property
Authors: Essert Christopher 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter turns to the idea of public property. Public property is contrasted with private property by showing how public property does not involve any idea of yours and mine, but instead involves an idea of something belonging to all members of the public at the same time. This illuminates our intuitive understanding of our experiences on public property, the rights we have to access it, and the ways in which the state can regulate it. It also allows us to see how certain kinds of private property are held open to the public and so regulated as if they were public, explaining rules about public accommodations. Finally, this chapter returns to some of the justificatory considerations from Chapter 2 and shows why the society of equals needs both private and public property.
Disjointed Origins
Authors: Staszak Sarah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 details the development of commercial and securities arbitration, one of arbitration’s original institutional orders later converted in the service of modern, private arbitration. It examines the origins and development of arbitration under the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) and 1930s securities laws, as each arose and unfolded in an historically-situated politics that was legitimated on the basis that arbitration would be a voluntary alternative to litigation agreed upon by institutions of relatively equal bargaining power. But its original features would later be converted in the service of contemporary forced arbitration nonetheless. This transition, however, required reformers across government to strip commercial and securities arbitration of its original context so as to repurpose it as a foundation for the modern PDAA.
The Consumer Rights Movement
Authors: Staszak Sarah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 details the consumer rights movement and the ways in which actors and institutions across government prompted the advent of consumer arbitration in the United States. It shows that a mix of Republicans and Democrats in Congress clearly recognized arbitration’s potential use as a tool for unburdening the judiciary in the 1970s, putting it on the radar as a bipartisan mechanism for litigation reform. It details the ways in which liberals in Congress and on the courts allowed arbitration with Progressive era trappings—voluntary, reviewable—to expand into new areas of dispute resolution. These coalitions were very different than those who would pursue the modern pre-dispute arbitration agreement (PDAA). But once the Supreme Court further embraced arbitration through a merger of the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA), labor, and securities jurisprudence, the unfettered expansion of consumer arbitration clauses that followed increasingly made their anti-litigation prowess clear to corporate America.
Privatizing the Workplace in the New Millennium
Authors: Staszak Sarah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 details the modern shift toward the use of mandatory, private arbitration between employers and employees. Facilitated by conservatives in Congress, the executive, and on the Supreme Court, a wave of corporations rushed to include mandatory arbitration clauses in their standard contracts in the 2000s. These modern employment arbitration provisions took a form that would be unrecognizable to arbitration’s original proponents: they became mandatory, pre-dispute, employer-promulgated contracts between individual employees and employers, required as part of the terms of accepting a job. In short order, this led to predictable patterns in Congress, where a Democratic legislative movement aiming to limit arbitration’s use ran headlong into conservative resistance, itself fortified by what was then a fully developed Supreme Court jurisprudence in support of the PDAA employment contracts.
The Direct Primary and the Decline of the Progressive Movement
Authors: Boatright Robert G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The direct primary was one of the most widely implemented Progressive Era political reforms, yet it was not necessarily one of the most popular reform proposals among leading Progressive intellectuals. It has at times been argued that the decline of the Progressive movement in the 1920s and beyond left the direct primary without strong defenders, and that states were consequently able to restrict the use of the direct primary without facing strong objections from the public or election reform advocates. This chapter evaluates links between the decline of Progressivism and the reassertion of party control over primary elections between 1928 and 1970. It considers the role the direct primary played in Progressive reform arguments and explores the reasons behind changes to primary law in states where the Progressive movement was particularly influential.
Primaries and Partisan Advantage
Authors: Boatright Robert G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the decades following the adoption in most states of the direct primary, many states repeatedly changed their primary laws. Such changes included adjusting ballot access rules, changing voter eligibility requirements, moving the primary date, adopting or prohibiting runoff elections, and permitting or prohibiting cross-filing. This chapter categorizes primary law changes in terms of whether they benefited or harmed party control of elections. It then explores the relationship between these primary election changes and changes in party strength in these states’ electorates or legislatures. It concludes that there is clear evidence of a quest for partisan advantage in the enactment of primary laws, but the particular types of laws enacted vary according to the heterogeneity of the majority party’s coalition and whether the changes were enacted by a majority party threatened with the loss of power or a newly empowered party.
Contemporary Primary Reform Efforts
Authors: Boatright Robert G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter assesses the reasons for proposals to change state primary election laws over the past twenty years. It supplements the National Conference of State Legislatures database of introduced legislation with measures of partisan composition of the legislature and changes in that composition. It evaluates several different explanations for proposals to change state primary laws, concluding that while both partisan advantage and political ideology lead to proposed changes, ultimately ideology appears to matter more than partisan gain. Despite relatively meager findings of research on the consequences of actual changes, the analysis shows that beliefs about the consequences of changes continue to prompt proposals for change.
The Future of the Direct Primary
Authors: Boatright Robert G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the findings in the book. It argues that the history of the direct primary shows that we should not have high expectations for future primary law changes. It evaluates four different approaches to primaries in the future: accepting the status quo; abandoning the direct primary; seeking a national open primary law; or exploring less tested reforms such as top four or five primaries, ranked choice voting, or establishing a national primary election date. The chapter concludes by observing that historically, political parties have adapted to primary reforms in ways that limit the effects of the reform laws. Although ranked-choice voting or nonpartisan primaries have shown signs that they could slightly reduce polarization, history shows that these reforms are unlikely to have the dramatic effects some reformers predict.
Envisioning Europe
Authors: Ferrera Maurizio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the early 2010s, the Euro crisis triggered an escalating conflict between different conceptions of solidarity and bonding within the EU polity, which jolted the EU into an existential crisis. To fully understand this conflict, it is necessary to engage in a historical reconstruction of the way in which the various ideological families have ‘envisioned’ Europe and in particular the goal of an ‘ever closer’ union among its peoples. Visions and symbols play a role which is not only important, but also causally autonomous in shaping political and institutional development. Elaborating a shared view of the EU as a polity characterized by a modicum of communality has been a demanding task. And while crisis moments tend to catalyse latent conflicts, they also provide fertile ground for political imagination, reviving togetherness feelings and coping with common challenges.
The nature and causal autonomy of ideology
Authors: Ferrera Maurizio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recent debates have acknowledged the relevance and autonomy of ideology, stripping it from the traditional negative biases of the Marxian tradition. Ideologies are sets of normative and descriptive meanings (statements, arguments, proposals) drawn from political theories and (re)bundled together with a view to motivating action. The content of ideologies is inevitably linked to a given cultural and material context. Once emerged, however, ideologies acquire a capacity to shape actors’ orientations, thus becoming an autonomous driver of change. Is there a logic which presides over the organization of meanings into coherent conceptual bundles? Are there internal features of ideology which are more conducive to motivational effectiveness? Providing answers to such questions is the necessary step for showing how ideological constructs play a key role in the cognitive and normative structuring of the sphere of practical politics.
Ideological structuring during the Golden Age
Authors: Ferrera Maurizio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The 1945–1975 period witnessed the emergence of a ‘social democratic’ consensus around welfare state building. In the Nordic countries and the UK the formation of this consensus proceeded in a relatively smooth way. In the original Six (and especially in France and Italy), instead, the coming together of the Christian democratic and socialist traditions was more contentious and gave rise to more fragmented forms of welfare state solidarity. Also the launch of European integration suffered from a climate of harsh contrapositions. The limited, market-making mandate of the European Economic Community (EEC) resulted from a paradoxical ‘negative’ convergence between the Christian democrats and the left in opposing a wider mandate. Thus, the market-making bias of the Rome Treaty reflected less the strength of the neoliberal ideology than the failure of both Christian democrats and socialists to mobilize in order to create a more socially friendly supranational architecture.
The fragile ideological underpinnings of EU building
Authors: Ferrera Maurizio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Starting from the 1980s, integration accelerated its course and assumed a clear and increasingly aggressive neoliberal complexion. In the eyes of large segments of national publics, the EU came to be increasingly associated with a Trojan horse of Thatcher-style neoliberalism, with the explicit goal of disembedding markets and destabilizing national social contracts. The rise of nationalism and Euroscepticism launched an explicit and vocal challenge to integration as such. An equally important (but generally neglected) role in delegitimizing the EU was played by the inability of the socialist ideology to generate a clear and recognizable progressive vision of the EU. The persistence of the ‘fifth’ cleavage—linked to the Soviet revolution—within the Southern European lefts (radicalism vs reformism) and the ordoliberal ‘capture’ of the Northern (especially German) social democracies were the main causes of this inability.
Technocracy
Authors: Ferrera Maurizio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
EU policy making is frequently accused of being technocratic and too insulated from democratic scrutiny. Technocracy is not a mere practice, but it is underpinned by a specific ideological outlook, centred on the assumption that ‘functional’ thinking and instrumental rationality ought to have primacy over political demands and pressures as well as consensus building and legitimation. Especially within the Commission, the increasing entanglement between the economic profession and policy making has originated over time a new power system which has been dubbed ‘econocracy’: a performative regime which, by defining problems and prescribing solutions, contributes to change reality and its perceptions in the direction which the econocracts themselves favour. Underneath its apparent technical neutrality, the econocratic ethos is inherently prone to moralization—an Eigendynamik which has increasingly blurred the boundaries between descriptive and moral discourse in EU arenas. During the crisis, moral worth has become an implicit but powerful criterion for (re)shaping power hierarchies, paving the way for the ‘disciplinarian’ turn of EMU governance during the first half of the 2010s.
Free movement, Europolitanism, and citizenship
Authors: Ferrera Maurizio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The 2010s witnessed the escalation of a conflict line around transnational solidarity—essentially linked to free movement. The sharp rise of labour mobility in the wake of the Eastern enlargement was not accompanied by suitable ideological frames, capable of fostering transnational communalization. Despite the party-political potential of this innovation in a decade—the 1990s—when the left was in power in most member states, EU citizenship was born with a minimalist and market-conforming design. The Northern European lefts strongly opposed a symbolic valorization and substantial strengthening of this institution, thus hampering its potential to foster a specifically pan-European civic political identity. Devoid of materiality and symbolic thickness, the Europolitan frame remained too thin and was unable to withstand the aggressive competition of the nationalist and exclusionary frames. There is evidence that the ‘Europolitan constituency’—i.e., a large segment of pro-EU and pro-free movement voters—did exist and that it registered an increase during the 2010s, but the absence of a suitable ideology left it without a blueprint for articulating their preferences and mobilizing in support of a deeper political integration.
Crisis, catharsis, and recovery
Authors: Ferrera Maurizio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Crises, disasters, and wars extend the scope of political possibilities in a multitude of directions. The COVID-19 pandemic produced an unprecedented political trauma, resurrecting the spectre of EU disintegration. A number of institutional backstops contained, however, the escalation of life-threatening challenges and opened up the margins for a solidaristic turn. A key role was played by Franco-German cooperation. But the turn was facilitated by a process of ideological and programmatic convergence among the European centre-lefts, which gradually reduced the long-standing fault lines between North and South—and, to a lesser extent—between radicals and reformists. This coming together of left parties was eased by new ideas and symbols which re-oriented the discourse. The elaboration of some novel ‘meta-concepts’ allowed in fact the gradual bridging of crossnational ideological oppositions, generating a different conceptual Gestalt. A new area of overlapping consensus took shape, acknowledging the desirability of both a greater activism of the EU in social regulation and the creation of crossnational risk pooling schemes funded by common debt.
Imagining possible futures
Authors: Ferrera Maurizio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the wake of the pandemic, the EU image has shifted from the guardian of fiscal discipline to the guarantor of resilience and the provider of backstops (resources and guidance) to withstand catastrophic risks. The EU seems to have regained a sufficient degree of ‘polity consensus’, i.e., a diffuse support for the elementary foundations of a polity, i.e., the desirability of both its existence and its point and purpose. The challenge remains, hoverer, to provide the process of ‘an ever closer union’ with a coherent sense of direction. Climate change and the widespread social insecurity of EU citizens are the obvious points of departure for elaborating novel, forward-looking visions, capable of combining the twin goals of sustainable prosperity and social justice.