bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cu+/Ca2+ Dual‐Overload Strategy Assisted by Metabolic‐Symbiotic‐Destruction for Tumor Apoptosis and Tumor Immune Activation
Authors: Yan Jiahui , Chen Haoyu , Guimarães Carlos F. , Reis Rui L. , Zhu Zhihua , Wang Tianyi , Zhang Fenglan , Lv Yaqian , Zhou Qihui , Kong Xiaoying , Shi Jinsheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ion interference including copper (Cu+)/calcium (Ca2+) overload activate cell‐specific death channels, damage mitochondria and disrupt cellular homeostasis, showing great potential in anti‐tumor therapy. However, the complex metabolic environment and the powerful self‐protection of tumors cause clinical failure of ion interference. Thus, metabolic disruption is expected an innovative strategy for the enhancement of ion interference. Herein, CuS‐α‐CHCA&penthiopyrad@CaCO3‐RGD nanoparticles (CCPCR NPs) are prepared to provide a Cu+/Ca2+ dual‐overload anti‐tumor therapy assisted by metabolic‐symbiosis‐destruction strategy, realizing the collapse of tumor self‐protection. Specifically, precise CuS and CaCO3 delivery triggered irreversible Cu+/Ca2+ dual‐overload and reactive oxygen species (ROS) attack toward 4T1 cells. Meanwhile, α‐CHCA and penthiopyrad disturbed the metabolic symbiotic environment by disrupting the TCA cycle and preventing lactate efflux to aggravate intracellular acidosis and promote Fenton‐like reaction of Cu+, enhancing the sensitivity of tumor cells to copper death and Ca2+ overload. Further, aided by the metabolism of symbiosis, the destroyed tumor cells further activate the polarization of M1 macrophages and the maturation and antigen cross‐presentation of dendritic cells (DCs), which further eliminate tumor cells. In summary, an amplified anti‐tumor dual‐ion interference strategy assisted by metabolic symbiotic destruction is established, which is of great significance in improving the clinical effect of ion therapy for tumors.
A Flexible Fibrin‐Based Platform for Driving One‐Day Self‐Assembly of Millimeter‐Sized Cell‐Rich Spheroids and Their Applications: An Old Material with New Tricks
Authors: Lai Jiahui , Kong Dexin , Liu Yuting , Dai Jianwu , Zhang Mingming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCell‐rich spheroids have gained increasing applications due to their ability to mimic the 3D microenvironment of real tissues. Given human organ dimensions, millimeter‐sized (>1 mm) spheroids are more clinically valuable than micro‐sized ones (<500 µm). However, constructing millimeter‐sized spheroids faces the primary challenge of core necrosis due to insufficient nutrient diffusion during long‐term in vitro cultivation (>3 days). Developing rapid spheroid fabrication strategies can address the issue but remains challenging. Here, a flexible fibrin‐based platform for rapid fabrication of the spheroids is developed using a one‐step manufacturing technology. Cell‐laden fibrin hydrogels are polymerized from cell‐containing fibrinogen by thrombin‐catalyzed reactions within minutes and cultured in an agarose‐coated plate. Benefiting from the unique viscoelasticity, softness, and cell adhesion natures of fibrin, the expression levels of several cellular junction proteins are significantly upregulated compared to the scaffold‐free spheroids. As a result, cells rapidly self‐assemble into 1–15 mm‐sized spheroids within 6–24 h, accommodating high cell density (6 × 104 cells µL−1) without leakage. The spheroid formation platform is also flexible for various cell densities and cell types. Moreover, the spheroids effectively mimic the 3D tissue niches, showing promising potential in tumor drug screening with MCF‐7 spheroids and liver regeneration with HepG2 spheroids.
Sublimation‐Induced Vapor Deposition of Cyanuric Acid‐Melamine Supramolecular Single Crystals on Surfaces
Authors: Wang Yuting , Qi Ruijuan , Ye Zilin , Xu Yanan , Wang Xiaodong , Meng Hang , Liu Zixuan , Meng Peng , Xu Jingsan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHerein, a low‐temperature sublimation‐based vapor deposition (SVD) method is developed to synthesize hexagonal crystal plates of cyanuric acid‐melamine (CAM) with outstanding crystallinity. Through meticulous design of the reaction apparatus and careful selection of source materials, substrate‐confined SVD in a tube furnace is explored to grow single crystals of CAM in hexagonal shapes. Additionally, the orientation preference of the (202) facet is revealed, corresponding to the 2D arrangement of the H‐bonded network, of single‐crystalline plates on surfaces using selected area electron diffraction and X‐ray diffraction techniques. By employing atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy for topography characterization, a mechanism of three‐stage step‐growth crystallization is proposed, including nucleation, in‐plane expansion, and out‐of‐plane growth. Furthermore, it is found that the interactions among melamine molecules in CAM synthesized via SVD are more intense compared to those in CAM synthesized via water‐based methods, as evidenced by infrared and photoluminescent spectra studies. Subsequent nanoindentation tests on the (202) facet of CAM single‐crystalline plates reveals a reduced modulus and hardness of 12.8 and 0.82 GPa, respectively. This methodology addresses the longstanding challenge of synthesizing hexagonal CAM single crystals and provides valuable insights for the fabrication of functional organic crystalline materials.
Bone‐Targeting and Multishelled Oral Eldecalcitol Nanoparticles Improve Osteoporosis by Reconstruction of Osteogenic‐Osteoclastic Homeostasis
Authors: Meng Lingxiao , Ma Wanli , Jiang Yuping , Li Xiaozhuang , Zhang Minglei , Yuan Rundong , Fu Yaqiu , Ma Haohua , Lu Xiong , Han Lu , Liu Hongrui , Li Minqi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCurrent treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) focuses on systemic administration of medication, neglecting to proactively modulate the local microenvironment of skeletal system for superior therapeutic performance. Eldecalcitol (ED‐71), a novel drug for treating osteoporosis, still requires research to overcome high‐frequency delivery and low‐utilization. Here, a bone‐targeting and multishelled nanoparticles are developed for step‐wise release of ED‐71. The nanoparticles are achieved by using the chitosan/alginate outer layer as protective barrier against gastric acid, pectin middle layer as adhesive agent that improved intestinal penetration, and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid‐grafted mesoporous silica nanomaterials core as bone‐targeting nanocarriers. After oral administration, the ED‐71‐loaded nanoparticles (ME‐ED‐71@PCA) promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by reducing intracellular oxidative stress, and inhibits the osteoclast differentiation. ME‐ED‐71@PCA improves bone mass in ovariectomized‐mice by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, and the efficacy is more pronounced than ED‐71 alone. ME‐ED‐71@PCA exhibits satisfactory therapeutic performance due to its step‐wise drug release and bone‐targeting compared to ED‐71 administration, providing a new approach to re‐establish bone metabolic homeostasis in PMOP.
Long‐Lasting Hybrid Seawater Electrolysis Enabled by Anodic Mass Transport Intensification for Energy‐Saving Hydrogen Production
Authors: He Dongtong , Yang Pengju , Yang Kaizhou , Qiu Jieshan , Wang Zhiyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHybrid water electrolysis offers a groundbreaking approach to energy‐saving hydrogen production by utilizing thermodynamically favorable and value‐added reactions to replace sluggish anodic oxygen evolution in overall water splitting. However, numerous anodic processes generate intermediates or products incompatible with aqueous environments, thereby degrading anodic performance to limit the efficiency and durability of hybrid water electrolysis. Herein, this difficulty is addressed by applying anodic mass transport intensification in conjunction with catalyst engineering, realizing a long‐lasting hybrid seawater electrolysis coupling sulfion oxidation reaction (SOR) for efficient hydrogen production below 1.2 V at an industrial‐level current density of 500 mA cm−2. An exceptional longevity of 2000 h is achieved for the electrolysis by eliminating anode passivation by sulfur deposition during SOR, a general concern in the sulfur‐involved industrial sector. This technology cut the electricity expense of hydrogen production to 2.80 kWh m−3 H2, undercutting alkaline water electrolysis by 34.9–51.1%. Simultaneously, fast upcycling of sulfion pollutants to value‐added sulfur is achieved to add additional economic and environmental profits, enabling hydrogen production at a midpoint expense ($ 0.93) of the United States Department of Energy's 2026 target ($ 2.0) for the cost per gallon of gasoline‐equivalent.
Annular Conductive Hydrogel‐Mediated Wireless Electrical Stimulation for Augmenting Neurogenesis
Authors: Hong Jing , Zhu Zhanchi , Wang Zhaojun , Li Jiawei , Liu Zhongqing , Tan Rui , Hao Ying , Cheng Guosheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrical stimulation (ES) has a remarkable capacity to regulate neuronal differentiation and neurogenesis in the treatment of various neurological diseases. However, wired devices connected to the stimulating electrode and the mechanical mismatch between conventional rigid electrodes and soft tissues restrict their motion and cause possible infections, thereby limiting their clinical utility. An approach integrating the advantages of wireless techniques and soft hydrogels provides new insights into ES‐induced nerve regeneration. Herein, a flexible and implantable wireless ES‐responsive electrode based on an annular gelatin methacrylate‐polyaniline (Gel/Pani) hydrogel is fabricated and used as a secondary coil to achieve wireless ES via electromagnetic induction in the presence of a primary coil. The Gel/Pani hydrogels exhibit favorable biocompatibility, biodegradability, conductivity, and compression resistance. The annular electrode of the Gel/Pani conductive hydrogel (AECH) supports neural stem cell growth, while the applied wireless ES facilitates neuronal differentiation and the formation of functional neural networks in vitro. Furthermore, AECH is implanted in vivo in rats with ischemic stroke and the results reveal that AECH‐mediated wireless ES significantly ameliorates brain impairment and neurological function by activating endogenous neurogenesis. This novel flexible hydrogel system addresses wireless stimulation and implantable technical challenges, holding great potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Advances in Mixed Tin‐Lead Narrow‐Bandgap Perovskites for Single‐Junction and All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Fengjiu , Zhu Kai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganic–inorganic metal‐halide perovskites have received great attention for photovoltaic (PV) applications owing to their superior optoelectronic properties and the unprecedented performance development. For single‐junction PV devices, although lead (Pb)‐based perovskite solar cells have achieved 26.1% efficiency, the mixed tin‐lead (Sn‐Pb) perovskites offer more ideal bandgap tuning capability to enable an even higher performance. The Sn‐Pb perovskite (with a bandgap tuned to ≈1.2 eV) is also attractive as the bottom subcell for a tandem configuration to further surpass the Shockley–Queisser radiative limit for the single‐junction devices. The performance of the all‐perovskite tandem solar cells has gained rapid development and achieved a certified efficiency up to 29.1%. In this article, the properties and recent development of state‐of‐the‐art mixed Sn‐Pb perovskites and their application in single‐junction and all‐perovskite tandem solar cells are reviewed. Recent advances in various approaches covering additives, solvents, interfaces, and perovskite growth are highlighted. The authors also provide the perspective and outlook on the challenges and strategies for further development of mixed Sn‐Pb perovskites in both efficiency and stability for PV applications.
What Matters for the Charge Transport of 2D Perovskites?
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Abdi‐Jalebi Mojtaba , Larson Bryon W. , Zhang Fei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCompared to 3D perovskites, 2D perovskites exhibit excellent stability, structural diversity, and tunable bandgaps, making them highly promising for applications in solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, and photodetectors. However, the trade‐off for worse charge transport is a critical issue that needs to be addressed. This comprehensive review first discusses the structure of 3D and 2D metal halide perovskites, then summarizes the significant factors influencing charge transport in detail and provides a brief overview of the testing methods. Subsequently, various strategies to improve the charge transport are presented, including tuning A′‐site organic spacer cations, A‐site cations, B‐site metal cations, and X‐site halide ions. Finally, an outlook on the future development of improving the 2D perovskites’ charge transport is discussed.
Machine‐Learning‐Assisted Rational Design of Si─Rhodamine as Cathepsin‐pH‐Activated Probe for Accurate Fluorescence Navigation
Authors: Xiang Fei‐Fan , Zhang Hong , Wu Yan‐Ling , Chen Yu‐Jin , Liu Yan‐Zhao , Chen Shan‐Yong , Guo Yan‐Zhi , Yu Xiao‐Qi , Li Kun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance fluorescent probes stand as indispensable tools in fluorescence‐guided imaging, and are crucial for precise delineation of focal tissue while minimizing unnecessary removal of healthy tissue. Herein, machine‐learning‐assisted strategy to investigate the current available xanthene dyes is first proposed, and a quantitative prediction model to guide the rational synthesis of novel fluorescent molecules with the desired pH responsivity is constructed. Two novel Si─rhodamine derivatives are successfully achieved and the cathepsin/pH sequentially activated probe Si─rhodamine─cathepsin‐pH (SiR─CTS‐pH) is constructed. The results reveal that SiR─CTS‐pH exhibits higher signal‐to‐noise ratio of fluorescence imaging, compared to single pH or cathepsin‐activated probe. Moreover, SiR─CTS‐pH shows strong differentiation abilities for tumor cells and tissues and accurately discriminates the complex hepatocellular carcinoma tissues from normal ones, indicating its significant application potential in clinical practice. Therefore, the continuous development of xanthene dyes and the rational design of superior fluorescent molecules through machine‐learning‐assisted model broaden the path and provide more advanced methods to researchers.
Scientific Discovery at the Press of a Button: Navigating Emerging Cloud Laboratory Technology
Authors: Arias D. Sebastian , Taylor Rebecca E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe “cloud lab,” an automated laboratory that allows researchers to program and conduct physical experiments remotely, represents a paradigm shift in scientific practice. This shift from wet‐lab research as a primarily manual enterprise to one more akin to programming bears incredible promise by democratizing a completely new level of automation and its advantages to the scientific community. Moreover, they provide a foundation on which automated science driven by artificial intelligence (A.I.) can be built upon and thereby resolve limitations in scope and accessibility that current systems face. With a focus on DNA nanotechnology, the authors have had the opportunity to explore and apply the cloud lab to active research. This perspective delves into the future potential of cloud labs in accelerating scientific research and broadening access to automation. The challenges associated with the technology in its current state are further explored, including difficulties in experimental troubleshooting, the limited applicability of its parallelization in an academic setting, as well as the potential reduction in experimental flexibility associated with the approach.
Arsenic Diffusion in MOVPE‐Grown GaAs/Ge Epitaxial Structures
Authors: Orejuela V. , García‐Tabares E. , Rey‐Stolle I. , García I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGermanium is reemerging as a prominent material in the semiconductor field, particularly for electronic applications, photonics, photovoltaics, and thermophotovoltaics. Its combination with III‐V compound semiconductors through epitaxial growth by metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) is instrumental and thus, the comprehension of the sequential stages in such epitaxial processes is of great importance. During the deposition of GaAs on p‐type Ge, the formation of n/p junctions occurs when As diffuses into Ge. It is found that this formation begins in the so‐called AsH3 preexposure where Ge substrate is first exposed to AsH3. Also important is the fact that both free carrier profiles and As profiles indicate that prolonged AsH3 preexposure times lead to deeper diffusion depths for the same process time. This effect is concomitant with the degradation of the Ge surface morphology, characterized by higher roughness as the AsH3 preexposure duration is extended. Unlike ion‐implanted As in Ge, which shows a quadratic dependent diffusivity, this MOVPE investigation using AsH3 indicates a linear relationship, consistent with Takenaka et al.’s MOVPE study using TBAs. The analysis of As profiles alongside simulations, with and without subsequent GaAs epitaxy, suggests the generation of Ge vacancies during the process, contributing to deeper As diffusion.
Superconductivity and Pronounced Electron‐Phonon Coupling in Rock‐Salt Al1−xO1−x and Ti1−xO1−x
Authors: Žguns Pjotrs , Gedik Nuh , Yildiz Bilge , Li Ju 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe highest ambient‐pressure Tc among binary compounds is 40 K (MgB2). Higher Tc is achieved in high‐pressure hydrides or multielement cuprates. Alternatively, are explored superconducting properties of binary, metastable sub‐oxides, that may emerge under extremely low oxygen partial pressure. The emphasis is on the rock‐salt structure, which is known to promote superconductivity, and exploring AlO, ScO, TiO, and NbO. Dynamic lattice stability is achieved by introducing metal and oxygen vacancies in the fashion of Nb1−xO1−x‐type structure (x = ¼). The electron‐phonon (e‐ph) coupling is remarkably large in Al1−xO1−x and Ti1−xO1−x (λ ≈ 2 at x = ¼), with Tc ≈ 35 K according to the Allen–Dynes equation. Significantly, the coupling strength is comparable to that in high‐pressure hydrides, yet, in contrast to hydrides and MgB2, the coupling is largely driven by low frequency phonons. Sc1−xO1−x and Nb1−xO1−x show significantly smaller λ and Tc. Further, hydrogen intercalation to boost λ and Tc is investigated. Only Ti1−x(O1−xHx) and Nb1−x(O1−xHx) are dynamically stable upon intercalation, where H, respectively, decreases and increases Tc. The effect of H doping on electronic structure and Tc is discussed. Altogether, the study suggests that metal sub‐oxides are promising compounds to achieve strong e‐ph coupling at ambient pressure.
Impacts of wide row spacings on yield and yield components of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Lawton Caitlyn B. , Snider John L. , Chee Peng W. , Hobby Sarah T. , Roberts Phillip M. , Pokhrel Amrit , Lee Joshua M. , Virk Gurpreet K. , Hand Lavesta C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study quantifies the effects of wide row spacing on lint yield, yield components, and fiber quality of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). An experiment was conducted in Tifton, GA in 2021 and 2022, where cotton was planted in six replications of 91‐, 122‐, 152‐, and 183‐cm row spacings. Following defoliation, 1.8 m was hand harvested from each plot, and boll density plant−1 and density ha−1 were determined for sympodial and monopodial branches. Additional measurements included fruit and lint yield distribution assessments and intra‐boll yield components including seed cotton weight boll−1, seed index, seed boll−1, lint weight seed−1, seed surface area (SSA), fiber density, and single fiber weight. Lint yield was reduced 20% in the 183‐cm row spacing compared to the 91‐cm row spacing. The 91‐cm rows had the lowest number of sympodial bolls plant−1 with 152‐ and 183‐cm rows demonstrating a 24%–28% increase in sympodial bolls plant−1. Sympodial bolls ha−1 were reduced 22% in the 183‐cm row spacing compared to the 91‐cm row spacing. There were no differences in bolls ha−1 or lint yield ha−1 with respect to monopodial growth. There were no differences in seed cotton weight boll−1, seeds boll−1, fiber density, single fiber weight, or turnout. Seed index and SSA were increased in the 183‐cm row spacing. Lint weight seed−1 was reduced in the 91‐cm row spacing.
Nutritional quality of kabuli and desi chickpea in Argentina: Effects of environment
Authors: Balbo Raquel , Balzarini Mónica , Carreras Julia , Allende María José , Aguilar Roxana , Silva Mercedes , Karlin Marcos , Alvarez Carolina , Martínez María José 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe environment to which a crop is exposed during the growing season has a significant impact on seed composition. The objectives of this study were to (1) estimate the contribution of genotype (G), environment (E), and their interaction (G × E) to the agronomic features and seed quality of chickpea and (2) identify climatic variables that significantly affect chickpea nutritional composition. A total of 10 pre‐commercial and commercial cultivars of Cicer arietinum L. were evaluated in 15 environments in Argentina. Average plant height ranged between 44.7 and 55.2 cm, 100‐seed weight was 38 and 27 g, and grain yield was 750 and 1500 kg ha−1 for kabuli and desi chickpea, respectively. The results obtained from the variance component analysis showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) contributions of the effects of G, E, and G × E interaction on the nutritional quality of chickpea seeds. Protein, carbohydrates, and mineral content were mostly affected by E, whereas oil content was G‐dependent. Only tocopherols were affected by G × E interaction. The total phenotypic variance is mostly composed of environmental effects captured during the seed filling period. High mean daily air temperature had a negative effect on carbohydrates and increased protein and mineral content. The fatty acid profile and gamma tocopherol contents were affected by accumulated precipitation and evapotranspiration. Air humidity was negatively correlated with protein content and iodine value. Results from this research are useful for breeders to broaden the genetic background of chickpea genotypes and for farmers to identify climatic conditions that impact grain quality.