bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance molecular imaging of post‐stroke neuroinflammation with a P‐selectin targeted iron oxide nanoparticle
Authors: Jin A. Y. , Tuor U. I. , Rushforth D. , Filfil R. , Kaur J. , Ni F. , Tomanek B. , Barber P. A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe have developed a magnetic resonance molecular imaging method using a novel iron‐oxide contrast agent targeted towards P‐selectin – MNP‐PBP (magnetic nanoparticle‐P‐selectin binding peptide) – to image endothelial activation following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. MNP‐PBP consists of ∼1000 PBP ligands (primary sequence: GSIQPRPQIHNDGDFEEIPEEYLQ GGSSLVSVLDLEPLDAAWL) conjugated to a 50 nm diameter aminated dextran iron oxide particle. In vitro P‐ and E‐selectin binding was assessed by competition ELISA. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced in male C57/BL 6 mice followed by contrast injection (MNP‐PBP; MNP‐NH2; Feridex; MNP‐PBP‐FITC) at 24 h after reperfusion and T2 magnetic resonance imaging at 9.4 T was performed. Infarction and microvasculature accumulation of contrast agent was assessed in coronal brain sections. MNP‐PBP attenuated antibody binding to P‐selectin by 34.8 ± 1.7%. P‐selectin was preferentially increased in the infarct hemisphere and MNP‐PBP‐FITC accumulation in the infarct hemisphere microvasculature was observed. Compared with the nontargeted iron oxide agents MNP‐NH2 and Feridex, MNP‐PBP showed a significantly greater T2 effect within the infarction. MR imaging of P‐selectin expression with a targeted iron oxide nanoparticle contrast agent may reveal early endothelial activation in stroke and other neuroinflammatory states. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling complexity in musical rhythm
Authors: Liou Cheng‐Yuan , Wu Tai‐Hei , Lee Chia‐Ying 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article constructs a tree structure for the music rhythm using the L‐system. It models the structure as an automata and derives its complexity. It also solves the complexity for the L‐system. This complexity can resolve the similarity between trees. This complexity serves as a measure of psychological complexity for rhythms. It resolves the music complexity of various compositions including the Mozart effect K488. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2010
Biotic patterns in LIGO recordings point to the creativity of gravitational interactions
Authors: Sabelli Hector 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe waves recorded by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational‐Wave Observatory (LIGO) presumably represent gravitational waves. Time series analyses revealed chaotic characteristics (nonperiodic oscillations, causal generation) and features of creativity that characterize Bios: increasing diversity (as contrasted to convergence to an attractor); novelty (lesser recurrence than randomized copies); and temporal complexity (a succession of different time‐limited patterns). Bios is also observed in quantum, cosmological, biological, and economic processes. Bios can be generated mathematically by bipolar feedback. Finding features of creativity in gravitational waves indicates that gravitational interactions causally generate complex patterns. As the gravitational wave background dates from the trillionth‐of‐a‐second after the Big Bang, these results indicate that causal and creative processes were important in the early universe, in contrast to the presumed predominance of random oscillations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2010
Heterogeneous bounds of confidence: Meet, discuss and find consensus!
Authors: Lorenz Jan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractModels of continuous opinion dynamics under bounded confidence show a sharp transition between a consensus and a polarization phase at a critical global bound of confidence. In this paper, heterogeneous bounds of confidence are studied. The surprising result is that a society of agents with two different bounds of confidence (open‐ and closed‐minded agents) can find consensus even when both bounds of confidence are significantly below the critical bound of confidence of a homogeneous society. The phenomenon is shown by examples of agent‐based simulation and by numerical computation of the time evolution of the agents density. The result holds for the bounded confidence model of Deffuant, Weisbuch, and others (Weisbuch et al., Complexity 2002, 7, 55–63), as well as for the model of Hegselmann and Krause (Hegselmann and Krause, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 2002, 5, 2). Thus, given an average level of confidence, diversity of bounds of confidence enhances the chances for consensus. The drawback of this enhancement is that opinion dynamics becomes suspect to severe drifts of clusters, where open‐minded agents can pull closed‐minded agents towards another cluster of closed‐minded agents. A final consensus might thus not lie in the center of the opinion interval as it happens for uniform initial opinion distributions under homogeneous bounds of confidence. It can be located at extremal locations. This is demonstrated by example, which also show that the extension to heterogeneous bounds of confidence enriches the complexity of the dynamics tremendously. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2010
The self‐organization of genomes
Authors: Ferrer‐I‐Cancho Ramon , Forns Núria 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMenzerath‐Altmann law is a general law of human language stating, for instance, that the longer a word, the shorter its syllables. With the metaphor that genomes are words and chromosomes are syllables, we examine if genomes also obey the law. We find that longer genomes tend to be made of smaller chromosomes in organisms from three different kingdoms: fungi, plants, and animals. Our findings suggest that genomes self‐organize under principles similar to those of human language. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2010
UW‐MAC: An underwater sensor network MAC protocol
Authors: Watfa Mohamed K. , Selman Samir , Denkilkian Hovig 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAs over 70% of the earth's surface is covered by water, it is desirable to deploy underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) to support oceanic research. UWSNs use acoustic waves and are characterized by long and variable propagation delays, intermittent connectivity, limited bandwidth and low bit rates. Energy savings have always been the primary concern in wireless sensor network protocols; however, there are applications where the latency and throughput are prioritized over energy efficiency and are so significant that the application would not be able to satisfy its requirements without them. Although existing duty‐cycle MAC protocols are power efficient, they introduce significant end‐to‐end delivery latency, provide poor throughput and are not suitable for the challenging environment of a UWSN. In this paper, we utilize CDMA as the underlying multiple access technique, due to its resilience to multi‐path and Doppler's effects prevalent in underwater environments. We propose UW‐MAC, a CDMA‐based power‐controlled medium access protocol that uses both transmitter‐based and receiver‐based CDMA inside a formed cluster, and uses a TDMA schedule to make the cluster heads communicate with the base station. Our MAC algorithm targets the latency and throughput needs in addition to its ability to increase the overall network lifetime. We discuss the design of UW‐MAC, and provide a head‐to‐head comparison with other protocols through extensive simulations focusing on the performance in terms of latency, throughput, and energy consumption. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angiocentric glioma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mott Ryan T. , Ellis Thomas L. , Geisinger Kim R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAngiocentric glioma (AG) is a rare central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm that was only recently recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). AG occurs in a broad age range, shows no gender predilection, and arises superficially in the cerebrum, usually resulting in medically intractable seizures. Most cases are cured by surgical excision alone, consistent with a WHO grade I neoplasm. We report a case of an AG in the right frontal lobe of a 57‐year‐old female, emphasizing the cytologic and immunohistochemical features, including confirmation and comparison with the surgical specimen. To our knowledge, this is the first report detailing the cytology of AG, including demonstration of important diagnostic findings that were only appreciated in the cytologic preparations and not in the smears or the surgical specimen. We also compare and contrast AG to other entities in the differential diagnosis and include a review of the literature. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imprint cytologic features of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma morphologically resembling renal oncocytoma: Is this an oncocytic variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma?
Authors: Yamaguchi Tadanori , Kuroda Naoto , Imamura Yoshiaki , Hes Ondrej , Michal Michal , Sima Radek , Nakayama Keizou , Sato Nodoka 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this article, we report a case of 76‐year‐old woman with a rare variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (CRCC). Cytologically, renal tumor cells obtained from imprint cytology were isolated or arranged in small or monotonous population cells with abundant granular cytoplasm. Neoplastic cells showed regular and uniformly shaped small round to oval nuclei with smooth margin. Binucleation was occasionally seen. Immunocytochemically, the cytoplasm of almost all tumor cells was diffusely positive for vimentin and CK 7. Histologically, the cytoplasm was abundant granular eosinophilic and composed of solid cell sheets or pseudoacinar structures. Additionally, tumor cells showed infiltration into some small renal veins covered by a single layer of endothelial cells. These cytological and histological features entirely resembled those of renal oncocytoma. We performed the analysis of von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) gene mutation, 3p loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on chromosomes 7, 10, 13, 17, and 21. As a result, we confirmed monosomy of chromosomes 7, 10, 13, and 17, and these findings corresponded to the diagnosis of CRCC. Finally, we present a case of renal tumor morphologically resembling renal oncocytoma but genetically showing CRCC. We suggest that oncocytic variant of CRCC may actually exist. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An analysis on the combination expression of HPV L1 capsid protein and p16INK4a in cervical lesions
Authors: Huang Min‐Zhu , Li Hong‐Bo , Nie Xin‐Min , Wu Xin‐Yin , Jiang Xiao‐Man 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection in cervix is the most important reason for cervical cancer, but only 2% cervical HPV infection will develop into cervical cancer. So how to identify patients at risk of progressive cervical lesions from those infected with HPV to avoid over treatment is a big issue in clinic. The aims of this study were to detect the expression of HPV L1 capsid protein and p16INK4a in cervical lesions and to investigate the combination expression of HPV L1 capsid protein and p16INK4a in cervical lesions and its diagnostic efficiency in clinic. Immunochemical method was used to detect the expression of HPV L1 capsid protein and p16INK4a in 169 cases of abnormal cytology. Histopathologic test was performed to identify cervical lesions of all the cases. χ2 test and spearman's rank correlation were used for statistical analysis. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), accuracy, and the area under the receive operating characteristic (ROC) curve (denoted by AZ) were calculated with SPSS 13.0. All the statistical tests were two sided at the 5% level of significance. L1 expression decreased (P < 0.001), but p16INK4a expression increased (P < 0.001) with histopathologic diagnosis increasing. The expression rates of HPV L1 capsid protein, p16INK4a, and L1(−)/p16(+) in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2, CIN3, and squamous‐cell carcinoma were statistically different from those in CIN1 (P < 0.001). The expressions of HPV L1 capsid protein, L1(+)/p16(+), L1(+)/p16(−), and L1(−)/p16(−) were negatively correlated with the severity of cervical lesions (P < 0.001), whereas the expressions of p16INK4a and L1(−)/p16(+) were positively correlated with the severity of cervical lesions (P < 0.001). The specificity and AZ of combining L1 with p16 INK4a were statistically higher than L1 or p16 INK4a alone (P < 0.05). L1 and p16INK4a are useful biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cervical lesions. The combination of L1 and p16INK4a has a higher diagnostic accuracy than L1 or p16INK4a alone in diagnosis of cervical lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:573–578. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adrenocortical carcinoma presenting with a peritoneal effusion
Authors: Arvanitis Leonidas D. , Pitelka Lisa A. , Gattuso Paolo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this report, we describe the fine‐needle aspiration findings of a case of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) that spread to the peritoneal cavity in an 80‐year‐old female. Cytologically, the peritoneal fluid exhibited clusters and single, small uniform cells with round nuclei and a fine chromatin pattern, which in conjunction with the immunohistochemical stains was diagnostic of ACC. Although ACC is the most common malignant neoplasm of the adrenal gland, its metastatic spread to the peritoneal cavity is exceptionally unusual. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A cell‐block preparation using Glucomannan extracted from Amorphophallus konjac
Authors: Kaneko Chiyuki , Kobayashi Tadao K. , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Udagawa Yasuhiro , Iwai Muneo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTo evaluate a cell‐block preparation using glucomannan, which was extracted from Amorphophallus konjac. Ten specimens were centrifuged at 1,500 rpm for 5 minutes, the supernatant was removed; the remnant after the preparation of smear specimens for routine cytological examination was fixed with 20% formalin. The specimen was recentrifuged at 1,500 rpm for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. The residue was resuspended with 2 ml of eosin solution and 1–5 ml of 80% alcohol, and stirred well. After further centrifugation, the supernatant was removed, and one drop of a glucomannan‐formalin water solution was added gently. After immersion in methanol for 2 hours, glucomannan is solidified and becomes gelatinous. The obtained cell block was placed in the cassette for the preparation of tissue specimens, dehydrated by the routine method, infiltrated with paraffin, and a paraffin‐embedded block was prepared. Thin sections were prepared from the paraffin‐embedded cell block, and hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) stain with immunological stains was performed. H&E stain, periodic acid‐Schiff reaction, Alcian blue, and immunohistochemical stain were clearly demonstrated.We evaluated a new modality of cell‐block preparation using a glucomannan‐formalin water solution. We found that the method was easy to perform and thought it could be useful as an alternative technique for cell‐block preparations. Thus, this novel technique should find wide application in the future. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:652–656. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Access to Metal Complexes of the Elusive Imidobis(phosphaalkene) Anion by N–Si Bond Cleavage of a N‐Silylimino‐Bridged Bis(phosphaalkene)
Authors: Bîrzoi Roxana M. , Bugnariu Delia , Gimeno Rafael Guerrero , Riecke Antje , Daniliuc Constantin , Jones Peter G. , Könczöl László , Benkõ Zoltán , Nyulászi László , Bartsch Rainer , du Mont Wolf‐W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMetalation of the aminophosphaalkene (iPrMe2Si)2C=PN(H)SiMe3 (2) with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in THF solution, followed by the reaction of the lithium salt 3 with the P‐chlorophosphaalkenes (RMe2Si)2C=PCl (1a, R = Me; 1b, R = iPr; 1c, R = Ph), furnishes the first N‐silylimino‐bridgedbis(phosphaalkenes) [(iPrMe2Si)2C=P]2NSiMe3 (4a) and [(iPrMe2Si)2C=P][(RMe2Si)2C=P]NSiMe3 (4b, R = Me; 4c, R = Ph). The N–Si bond cleavage of 4a under very mild conditions with AuCl(THT) and with [RhCl(COD)]2 provides binuclear AuI and RhI complexes 5, 6 of the P,P′‐coordinatedimidobis(phosphaalkene) anion [(iPrMe2Si)2C=P]2N–, the first case of elusive P=C‐unsaturated congeners of the “classic” bis(phosphanyl)amide ligands. Solid 4a exists in a helically distorted S‐shaped structure with two inequivalent P=C groups, but 31P‐NMR reveals the equivalence of both P=C groups in solution at the NMR time scale. The P=C and P–N bonds distances in 4a do not indicate significant conjugation within the C=P–N–P=C moieties whereas in complexes 5 and 6 the W‐shaped CPNPC heteropentadienide anion exhibits strong 5‐center‐6‐π conjugation according to DFT calculations and to the experimental P=C and P=N bond lengths.
Stabilization of phytosterols in rapeseed oil by natural antioxidants during heating
Authors: Kmiecik Dominik , Korczak Józef , Rudzińska Magdalena , Michałowska Anna Gramza , Hęś Marzanna 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAntioxidants are substances that can reduce negative changes in fat. Many antioxidants are very effective during storage, but during heating they lose their properties. It is very important to find antioxidants that will be stable at high temperatures and protect fat throughout the entire frying process. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of natural and synthetic antioxidants on changes in phytosterols of rapeseed oil during heating. Oil with antioxidants was heated at 180 °C for 4 h in a Rancimat® and in an Oxidograph®. Ethanol extract of rosemary, ethanol extract of green tea, and BHT were used in the study. The contents of phytosterols (sitosterol, campesterol, avenasterol, brassicasterol, stigmasterol) and oxyphytosterols (7α‐ and 7β‐hydroxysterol, 5α,6α‐ and 5β,6β‐epoxysterol, 7‐ketosterol and triols) were estimated by gas chromatography. In all samples with antioxidants, a lower decrease of phytosterols and a lower increase of total oxyphytosterols were observed in comparison with the control sample (without antioxidant). The antioxidant effect depends on the type of the antioxidant and the heating conditions. The best results were observed in samples with natural antioxidants. BHT was a substance that protected phytosterols as well, but not as effectively as the other antioxidants.
Effects of natural antioxidants on the lipid profile of electron beam‐irradiated beef burgers
Authors: Almeida da Trindade Reginaldo , Mancini‐Filho Jorge , Casañas Haasis Villavicencio Anna Lúcia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of rosemary and oregano extracts in avoiding oxidative changes in beef burgers, and to evaluate the fatty acid profile of these products after electron beam exposition. Extracts, individually or in combination, were added to beef burgers and compared to synthetic antioxidants commonly used in food (butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole). The ground beef were submitted to electron beam irradiation at doses of 0, 3.5 and 7 kGy, and stored for 90 days. At regular time intervals, lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition were evaluated through measurement of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) and gas chromatography, respectively. The results indicate that, although the irradiation process triggers an increase in the lipid oxidation ratio expressed by TBARS values, great changes in the fatty acid profiles were not observed; instead, they continued to present characteristics very similar to that of non‐irradiated beef. Thus, as irradiation doses of up to 7 kGy for frozen meat can make foods safe from foodborne pathogens, natural antioxidants derived from spices are able to reduce and avoid lipid changes that may cause a deterioration of the sensory quality of these foods, and these natural extracts offer a good choice for replacing synthetic additives.
Insight into the interaction of E. coli with gentamycin by ultrafast electrophoresis achieved within the microscopic visual field
Authors: Xie Mingyi , Wang Hai , Chen Yi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn ultrafast electrophoresis method was developed to have an insight into the interaction of E. coli, DH5α, with an antibiotic gentamycin. The method used micro‐video to visually measure the migration of bacteria, rather than molecules, within several micrometers, taking a time down to 0.04 s. Precise bacterial mobility was measured at the electric field strength of 42.5–62.5 V/cm, with a mobility deviation of less than 1.7% compared with a common CE method. The bacterial mobility measured this way was found to have a distribution increasing with the electric field strength applied, but the averaged mobility kept constant or independent of the electric field strength. As indicated by the bacterial mobility measured, DH5α experienced four stages during interaction with the antibiotic gentamycin, namely, the outer surface adsorption equilibration, uptake or transferring of adsorbed gentamycin through cellular membrane, destruction of the membrane, and death of the bacteria. The bacterial outer surface adsorption of gentamycin was found to have duration up to about 5 min that decreased reversely with the concentration of gentamycin added. This proves that the activity of antibiotic gentamycin is dose‐dependent.
Synthesis and examination of sulfated cyclofructans as a novel class of chiral selectors for CE
Authors: Jiang Chunxia , Tong Man‐Yung , Breitbach Zachary S. , Armstrong Daniel W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCyclofructans (CFs) are a class of cyclic oligosaccharides with a crown ether skeleton. No enantioseparations have previously been reported using this class of chiral oligosaccharides in chromatography or electrophoresis. CFs and their sulfated derivatives were examined as chiral selectors using CE. The native CFs showed no enantioselectivity toward any tested compounds, while the sulfated CFs showed exceptional selectivity toward many cationic analytes, including primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and amino acids. Enantiomeric resolution factors as high as 15.4 were achieved within short analysis times (generally below 10 min). The effect of buffer type, buffer concentration, buffer pH, chiral selector concentration and organic modifier concentration was examined and optimized.
Receptor affinity CE for measuring bioactive inflammatory cytokines in human skin biopsies
Authors: Phillips Terry M. , Kalish Heather , Wellner Edward 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA chip‐based receptor affinity CE system has been employed to measure the concentrations of bioactive pro‐inflammatory cytokines in biopsy materials obtained from human atopic skin lesions. The device employs a replaceable affinity disk to which recombinant cytokine receptors have been chemically immobilized. Homogenates obtained from micro‐dissected human skin samples were injected into the system where the bioactive cytokines were captured in the receptor affinity port and labeled in situ with a laser dye. The captured cytokines were released and separated by CE, the resolved peaks being detected and measured by laser‐induced fluorescence. When compared with conventional cell‐based bioassays, the affinity receptor chip showed reasonable correlation with r2 values of 0.998 for interferon gamma, 0.994 for IL‐6 and 0.991 for tumor necrosis factor alpha. The complete process including cytokine capture, labeling, and analysis took approximately 12.5 min with intra‐ and inter‐assay CVs below 5.3% and recoveries of 84.9–98.4% at the 100 pg/mL concentration in buffer solutions and 84.5–95% in normal human tissue extract. The system could indicate clear differences between the various clinical stages of atopic dermatitis in human patients and could run 4–6 samples per hour. This system, like previous chip‐based systems designed in our laboratory, holds the potential for being modified to be a portable unit that could be used in clinics and other biomedical screening studies.