bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Casein kinase 2 inhibition attenuates androgen receptor function and cell proliferation in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Yao Kai , Youn Hyewon , Gao Xiaoyan , Huang Bijun , Zhou Fangjian , Li Benyi , Han Hui 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDCasein kinase 2 (CK2) is constitutively active with dual specificity and exists as a hetero‐tetrameric complex of α, α′, and β subunits. Its aberrant expression and elevated activity have been linked to many human cancers, including prostate cancer. As an effort to develop new chemotherapy for prostate cancers, in this study, we tested the effects of tetra‐bromo‐cinnamic acid (TBCA), a newly synthetic CK2‐selective CK2 inhibitor, on androgen receptor (AR) transactivation, cell proliferation, and viability in multiple prostate cancer cell lines.METHODSWe utilized a comprehensive approach of a newly synthetic CK2‐selective inhibitor TBCA, plus gene‐specific siRNAs in multiple cell‐based assays to further understand the role of CK2 in AR signaling. Alamar‐blue‐based cell growth assay, flow cytometry for cell cycle distribution, Luciferase report gene assay for AR transactivation, and immuno‐fluorescent approach for AR nuclear localization as well as quantitative PCR assay for AR‐mediated gene expression were utilized. The significance of the differences between treatment and control was analyzed using the SPSS software (SPSS, Chicago, IL).RESULTSOur data revealed that TBCA reduced cell proliferation and caused G2/M cell cycle arrest in a dose‐dependent manner. Further analysis demonstrated that TBCA blocked AR nuclear translocation and gene expression. To confirm the target specificity, we used gene‐specific siRNAs for both CK2α and CK2α′ subunits, and the results suggested that both CK2 catalytic subunits are involved in androgen‐stimulated AR nuclear translocation and AR‐mediated gene expression in prostate cancer cells.CONCLUSIONSCK2 subunits α and α′ are likely involved in AR signaling, and TBCA might be useful in the management of prostate cancers as a chemo‐preventive agent in the future. Prostate 72:1423–1430, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of resistance to either paraquat or ALS‐inhibiting herbicides in two Western Australian Hordeum leporinum biotypes
Authors: Owen Mechelle J , Goggin Danica E , Powles Stephen B 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Hordeum populations are becoming increasingly difficult to control in cropping fields. Two herbicide‐resistant H. leporinum populations were identified during a random crop survey after herbicides were applied. The study aimed to determine the herbicide resistance profile of these H. leporinum biotypes to a range of herbicides used for their control.RESULTS: Based on dose–response studies, one H. leporinum population was very highly resistant to sulfosulfuron and sulfometuron (both sulfonylurea herbicides) and also displayed low‐level resistance to imazamox (an imidazolinone herbicide). Reduced sensitivity of the ALS enzyme was identified with in vitro activity assays. Gene sequence analysis revealed a proline‐to‐threonine substitution at amino acid position 197 of ALS, which is likely to be the molecular basis for resistance in this population. Herbicide screening also revealed a different H. leporinum population with resistance to the bipyridyl herbicide paraquat.CONCLUSION: This study established the first cases of (1) sulfonylurea‐to‐imidazolinone cross‐resistance and (2) field‐evolved paraquat resistance in a Hordeum species in Western Australia. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Cloning and characterization of two glutathione S‐transferases from pyrethroid‐resistant Culex pipiens
Authors: Samra Aman I , Kamita Shizuo G , Yao Hong‐Wei , Cornel Anthony J , Hammock Bruce D 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The Marin strain of Culex pipiens Say is a pyrethroid‐resistant population that was collected in Marin County, California, in 2001 and subsequently maintained in the laboratory under regular permethrin exposure.RESULTS: In this study, two cDNAs, CpGSTd1 and CpGSTd2, encoding glutathione S‐transferase (GST) were cloned from Cx. pipiens Marin. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences, CpGSTD1 and CpGSTD2, of these genes indicated that they belong to the Delta class of insect GSTs. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of CpGSTd1 and CpGSTd2 were 59 and 48% identical respectively. CpGSTD1 and CpGSTD2 were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. The recombinant GSTs exhibited unique selectivity towards the general GST substrates 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and 1,2‐dichloro‐4‐nitrobenzene (DCNB), and also differed in their sensitivity to known inhibitors of GSTs. CpGSTD1 exhibited peroxidase activity with cumene hydroperoxide, while CpGSTD2 appeared to lack this activity. CpGSTD1 was able to metabolize 1,1,1‐trichloro‐2,2‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), while DDT metabolism by CpGSTD2 was not detectable. CpGSTD1 and CpGSTD2 showed no detectable metabolism of permethrin. Gene expression of CpGSTd1 and CpGSTd2 in Marin mosquitoes was elevated about twofold in comparison with that found in a pyrethroid‐sensitive mosquito strain.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that CpGSTD1 and CpGSTD2 have unique biochemical characteristics, but they do not appear to play major roles in permethrin resistance in Marin mosquitoes. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Heterogeneous filtering of ensemble‐based background‐error variances
Authors: Raynaud Laure , Pannekoucke Olivier 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground‐error variances estimated from a finite size ensemble of data assimilations are affected by sampling noise, which degrades the accuracy of the variance estimates. Previous work highlighted the close link between the spatial structures of background error and the associated sampling noise, and demonstrated the ability of local spatial averaging to remove this sampling noise.Existing filtering techniques commonly assume a homogeneous smoothing of the estimated variances. However, this assumption can be inadequate to represent error structures of varying scales, e.g. small‐scale errors associated with localized severe weather events. To answer this problem, this article introduces and examines a heterogeneous filter based on the knowledge of the local spatial properties of the sampling noise. The filtering is realized with a diffusion process, and the diffusion coefficient is parametrized according to the local correlation length‐scale of the sampling noise. This enables the diffusion coefficient to vary spatially in such a way as to encourage smoothing in regions where the background error is large scale in preference to regions where the error is small scale.A simulated 1D framework is considered to test the proposed approach. It is shown that the filtering using a spatially varying diffusion coefficient is able to preserve high‐frequency variance structures, while this information tends to be smoothed with homogeneous filtering. The benefits of applying heterogeneous filtering are particularly pronounced with small ensemble sizes and in the vicinity of localized variance maxima. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Adaptive scheduling strategies for cloud‐based resource infrastructures
Authors: Deng Lingli , Yu Qing , Peng Jin 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes to employ linear programming algorithms for global resource scheduling to reduce the extra cost, including power consumption as well as operation expenditures, for remote resource access in a cloud‐based resource pool. Unlike previous static work in this field, the proposed scheduler adapts the problem‐modeling granularity and resolution algorithm to the changing demands of an integral procedure comprising various stages including the initial construction and subsequent operation/extension of a cloud‐based resource infrastructure. In particular, the proposed scheduling strategies take into account resource configuration, service deployment and real‐time load, among other factors, to strike a trade‐off among the scheduling performance (i.e., cost reduced), response time, and computation cost, from a service or infrastructure operator's point of view. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current techniques and future trends in embedded system's virtualization
Authors: Aguiar Alexandra , Hessel Fabiano 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYTraditionally, virtualization has been adopted by enterprise industry to make better use of the general purpose processors (single and multicore) besides improving the utilization of existing computational resources, especially in data centers. Until recently, its use in embedded systems (ESs) seemed to be a distant, unnecessary, and unfeasible reality. However, with the rise of each more powerful multiprocessed ESs, typically implemented as multiprocessor system‐on‐chip, virtualization has become a very promising technique to achieve and improve functionalities in future multiprocessor system‐on‐chips. One of the main advantages of virtualizing ESs is to improve the software design quality because legacy software can be reused along with newer applications. Also, we have the classic use cases, such as allowing several operating systems (OSs) to work in the same physical resource, simultaneously. Still, we can provide more secure ESs by splitting the system into user application OS and security certified OS, for instance. Moreover, depending on the way that embedded virtualization is employed, it may be even possible to reduce manufacturing costs and energy consumption levels. However, it is well understood that although ESs deal with increasingly more powerful solutions, they are still far more restricted than general purpose computers, especially in terms of area, memory size, and power consumption. In this article, we provide an extensive analysis of what is being currently offered as embedded virtualization solution, the pros and cons, besides presenting an innovative proposal regarding virtualization for restricted embedded architectures and its possible advantages. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noncanonical NF-κB Signaling Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Microenvironment Interactions
Authors: Zhao Chen , Xiu Yan , Ashton John , Xing Lianping , Morita Yoshikazu , Jordan Craig T. , Boyce Brendan F. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRelB and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB2) are the main effectors of NF-κB noncanonical signaling and play critical roles in many physiological processes. However, their role in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) maintenance has not been characterized. To investigate this, we generated RelB/NF-κB2 double-knockout (dKO) mice and found that dKO HSPCs have profoundly impaired engraftment and self-renewal activity after transplantation into wild-type recipients. Transplantation of wild-type bone marrow cells into dKO mice to assess the role of the dKO microenvironment showed that wild-type HSPCs cycled more rapidly, were more abundant, and had developmental aberrancies: increased myeloid and decreased lymphoid lineages, similar to dKO HSPCs. Notably, when these wild-type cells were returned to normal hosts, these phenotypic changes were reversed, indicating a potent but transient phenotype conferred by the dKO microenvironment. However, dKO bone marrow stromal cell numbers were reduced, and bone-lining niche cells supported less HSPC expansion than controls. Furthermore, increased dKO HSPC proliferation was associated with impaired expression of niche adhesion molecules by bone-lining cells and increased inflammatory cytokine expression by bone marrow cells. Thus, RelB/NF-κB2 signaling positively and intrinsically regulates HSPC self-renewal and maintains stromal/osteoblastic niches and negatively and extrinsically regulates HSPC expansion and lineage commitment through the marrow microenvironment.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Nanomaterials‐based electrochemical immunosensors for proteins
Authors: Rusling James F. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFor this special issue on 90 years of polarography, the following personal account describes how my early research in electrochemistry and polarography in the laboratory of Prof. Petr Zuman led to a major research effort in the determination of proteins for cancer detection and monitoring. It reviews the very recent history of nanoparticle labels and multiplexed detection in protein immunosensors. It then describes our journey of discovery that has led to ultrasensitive protein immunosensors achieved by combining nanostructured electrodes with particles labeled with up to ${1 \over 2}$ million enzymes that can detect down to as little as 1 fg mL−1 protein in diluted serum. Our most mature multiple protein detection system is a microfluidic device with eight sensors coated with 5‐nm gold nanoparticles that uses off‐line protein detection with heavily labeled magnetic particles. This approach has led to reliable sub pg mL−1 detection limits for multiple proteins, provides excellent correlation with referee ELISA methods, and is currently being used for validation of panels of biomarkers for oral and prostate cancer. The article ends with a section on future perspectives.
Coherent Doppler lidar for wind farm characterization
Authors: Krishnamurthy R. , Choukulkar A. , Calhoun R. , Fine J. , Oliver A. , Barr K.S. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTCoherent Doppler lidar measurements are of increasing interest for the wind energy industry. Wind measurements are fundamental inputs for the evaluation of potential energy yield and performance of wind farms. Three‐dimensional scanning Doppler lidar may provide a new basis for wind farm site selection, design and optimization. In this paper, the authors discuss Doppler lidar measurements obtained for a wind energy development. The possibility of using lidar measurements to more fully characterize the wind field is discussed, specifically terrain effects, spatial variation of winds, power density and the effect of shear at different layers within the rotor swept area. Vector retrieval methods have been applied to the lidar data, and results are presented on an elevated terrain‐following surface at hub height. The vector retrieval estimates are compared with tower measurements, after interpolation to the appropriate level. Doppler lidar data are used to estimate the spatial power density at hub height (for the period of the deployment). An example wind farm layout is presented for demonstration purposes based purely on lidar measurement, even though the lidar data acquisition period cannot be considered climatological. The strength of this approach is the ability to directly measure spatial variations of the wind field over the wind farm. Also, because Doppler lidar can measure winds at different vertical levels, an approach for estimating wind power density over the rotor swept area (rather than only the hub height) is explored. Finally, advanced vector retrieval algorithms have been applied to better characterize local wind variations and shear. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental design
Authors: Morgan J. P. , Deng Xinwei 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMaximizing data information requires careful selection, termeddesign, of the points at which data are observed. Experimental design is reviewed here for broad classes of data collection and analysis problems, including: fractioning techniques based on orthogonal arrays, Latin hypercube designs and their variants for computer experimentation, efficient design for data mining and machine learning applications, and sequential design for active learning. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:Application Areas > Science and TechnologyFundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Key Design Issues in Data MiningAlgorithmic Development > Statistics
Machine learning methods for predicting tumor response in lung cancer
Authors: El Naqa Issam 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAmong cancer victims, lung cancer accounts for most fatalities in men and women. Patients at advanced stages of lung cancer suffer from poor survival rate. Majority of these patients are not candidates for surgery and receive radiation therapy (radiotherapy) as their main course of treatment. Despite effectiveness of radiotherapy against many cancers, more than half of these patients are unfortunately expected to fail. Recent advances in biotechnology have allowed for an unprecedented ability to investigate the role of gene regulation in lung cancer development and progression. However, limited studies have provided insight into lung tumor response to radiotherapy. The inherent complexity and heterogeneity of biological response to radiation therapy may explain the inability of existing prediction models to achieve the necessary sensitivity and specificity for clinical practice's or trial's design. In this study, we briefly review the current knowledge of genetic and signaling pathways in modulating tumor response to radiotherapy in non‐small cell lung cancer as a case study of data mining application in the challenging cancer treatment problem. We highlight the role that data mining approaches, particularly machine learning methods, can play to improve our understanding of complex systems such as tumor response to radiotherapy. This can potentially result in identification of new prognostic biomarkers or molecular targets to improve response to treatment leading to better personalization of patients' treatment planning by reducing the risk of complications or supporting therapy that is more intensive for those patients likely to benefit. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Biological Data Mining
Application Areas > Health Care
Technologies > Machine Learning
Free asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is low in children and adolescents with classical phenylketonuria (PKU)
Authors: Huemer M. , Simma B. , Mayr D. , Möslinger D. , Mühl A. , Schmid I. , Ulmer H. , Bodamer O.A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIntroductionFree asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a competitive inhibitor of the nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Suppression of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis increases the risk of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, in the condition of oxidative stress, NOS blockade by ADMA may exert protective effects. Protein metabolism is altered in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) on dietary treatment and as shown recently, oxidative stress is high in PKU. Since free ADMA concentrations are determined by both protein metabolism and oxidative stress we hypothesized, that free ADMA levels may be elevated in PKU patients.DesignSixteen patients with PKU on dietary treatment (mean age 10.1 ± 5.2 yrs), and 91 healthy children (mean age 11.6 ± 3.7 yrs) participated in a cross sectional study.ResultsADMA, total homocysteine (tHcy) and blood glucose were lower and the L‐arginine/ADMA ratio was higher in PKU patients compared to controls. No significant correlation was present between phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations, protein intake, and lipid profile, history of cardiovascular disease or ADMA.DiscussionIn contrast to our hypothesis, ADMA was lower and the L‐arginine/ADMA ratio was higher in PKU patients. Therefore, in PKU patients, the regulating function of ADMA on NO synthesis is altered and may thus contribute to oxidative stress.
Camelina Meal Increases Egg n‐3 Fatty Acid Content Without Altering Quality or Production in Laying Hens
Authors: Kakani Radhika , Fowler Justin , Haq Akram‐Ul , Murphy Eric J. , Rosenberger Thad A. , Berhow Mark , Bailey Christopher. A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCamelina sativa is an oilseed plant rich in n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids and extruding the seeds results in high protein meal (~40%) containing high levels of n‐3 fatty acids. In this study, we examined the effects of feeding extruded defatted camelina meal to commercial laying hens, measuring egg production, quality, and fatty acid composition. Lohmann White Leghorn hens (29 weeks old) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatment groups (n = 25 per group) and data was collected over a 12 week production period. All the treatment groups were fed a corn soy based experimental diet containing 0% (control), 5, or 10% extruded camelina meal. We found no significant differences in percent hen‐day egg production and feed consumed per dozen eggs. Egg shell strength was significantly higher in both camelina groups compared to the controls. Egg total n‐3 fatty acid content increased 1.9‐ and 2.7‐fold in 5 and 10% camelina groups respectively relative to the control. A similar increase in DHA content also occurred. Further camelina meal did not alter glucosinolate levels and no detectable glucosinolates or metabolic product isothiocyanates were found in the eggs from either the 5 or 10% camelina groups. These results indicate that camelina meal is a viable dietary source of n‐3 fatty acids for poultry and its dietary inclusion results in eggs enriched with n‐3 fatty acids.
Juvenile but not adult methamphetamine exposure improves performance in the Morris Water Maze in male rats
Authors: Moenk Michael D. , Matuszewich Leslie 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEarly exposure to psychostimulants has been found to lead to long‐lasting effects on cognitive processes. Our lab has previously reported that juvenile male rats administered methamphetamine showed improved performance in a spatial navigation task when tested in adulthood (McFadden and Matuszewich, 2007). What is not known, however, is if these effects are specific to the developing rat, or if a similar methamphetamine protocol given to adult rats would lead to an equally beneficial long‐term change in spatial cognition. In the current study, male rats were given 1 daily injection of 2 mg/kg methamphetamine or saline for 15 days during either preadolescence (PD20–34) or adulthood (PD70–84). Approximately 45 days after treatment, all rats then underwent 5 days of place training in the Morris water maze at a time when juvenile rats reached adulthood. Similar to previous findings, juvenile rats exposed to repeated methamphetamine displayed shorter latencies and distances to reach the platform throughout training compared to saline‐treated rats. The juvenile rats treated with methamphetamine also swam shorter distances and had faster latencies to the hidden platform compared to adult methamphetamine‐treated rats. There were no significant differences in rats treated in adulthood with methamphetamine compared to saline‐treated rats. Likewise, there were no effects of prior methamphetamine treatment or age on matching‐to‐place trials or visible platform trials. Overall, the results show that repeated methamphetamine exposure can selectively improve spatial learning in adult male rats when administered during preadolescence, but does not significantly affect spatial learning when administered in adulthood. Furthermore, the current findings demonstrate the unique susceptibility of the developing brain to drugs that modulate dopaminergic activity, as well as the long‐term behavioral impact of exposure at critical ages.