bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunistic Screening of Chronic Liver Disease with Deep Learning Enhanced Echocardiography
Authors: Sahashi Yuki , Vukadinovic Milos , Amrollahi Fatemeh , Trivedi Hirsh , Rhee Justin , Chen Jonathan , Cheng Susan , Ouyang David , Kwan Alan C. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTImportanceChronic liver disease affects more than 1.5 billion adults worldwide, however the majority of cases are asymptomatic and undiagnosed. Echocardiography is broadly performed and visualizes the liver; but this information is not leveraged.ObjectiveTo develop and evaluate a deep learning algorithm on echocardiography videos to enable opportunistic screening for chronic liver disease.DesignRetrospective observational cohortsSettingTwo large urban academic medical centersParticipantsAdult patients who received echocardiography and abdominal imaging (either abdominal ultrasound or abdominal magnetic resonance imaging) with ≤30 days between tests, between July 4, 2012, to June 4, 2022.ExposureDeep learning model predictions from a deep-learning computer vision pipeline that identifies subcostal view echocardiogram videos and detects the presence of cirrhosis or steatotic liver disease (SLD).Main Outcome and MeasuresClinical diagnosis by paired abdominal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsA total of 1,596,640 echocardiogram videos (66,922 studies from 24,276 patients) from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (CSMC) were used to develop EchoNet-Liver, an automated pipeline that identifies high quality subcostal images from echocardiogram studies and detects the presence of cirrhosis or SLD. In the held-out CSMC test cohort, EchoNet-Liver was able to detect the presence of cirrhosis with an AUC of 0.837 (0.789 - 0.880) and SLD with an AUC of 0.799 (0.758 - 0.837). In a separate test cohort with paired abdominal MRIs, cirrhosis was detected with an AUC of 0.704 (0.689-0.718) and SLD was detected with an AUC of 0.726 (0.659-0.790). In an external test cohort of 106 patients (n = 5,280 videos), the model detected cirrhosis with an AUC of 0.830 (0.738 - 0.909) and SLD with an AUC of 0.768 (0.652 – 0.875).Conclusions and RelevanceDeep learning assessment of clinical echocardiography enables opportunistic screening of SLD and cirrhosis. Application of this algorithm may identify patients who may benefit from further diagnostic testing and treatment for chronic liver disease.KEY POINTSQuestionCan a deep learning algorithm applied to echocardiography videos effectively identify chronic liver diseases including cirrhosis and steatotic liver disease (SLD)?FindingsThis retrospective observational cohort study utilized 1,596,640 echocardiography videos from 66,922 studies of 24,276 patients. The deep learning model with a computer vision pipeline (EchoNet-Liver) demonstrated strong performance to detect cirrhosis and SLD. External validation at a geographically distinct site demonstrated similar discriminative ability.MeaningThe application of EchoNet-Liver to echocardiography could aid opportunistic screening of chronic liver diseases, providing a unique cost-effective angle to improve patient management.
HIV Viral Non-Suppression and Its Associated Factors Among PMTCT Mothers Receiving ARV Treatment in Ethiopia
Authors: Woldesemayat Belete , Yizengaw Ajanaw , Worku Aschale , Yilma Amelework , Adane Sisay , Bulti Jaleta , Kidane Eleni , Bulti Gutema , Abdella Saro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPediatric HIV infection is mainly caused by Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Without any effective medical intervention, 15-45% of infants born to HIV-positive women will become infected with HIV. The contribution of viral non-suppression for MTCT is high. Hence, this study was to determine the magnitude of HIV viral non-suppression, and associated factors among PMTCT Mothers in Ethiopia.MethodsThe study was conducted from April 1, 2023, to December 31/ 2024 at 16 public health facilities. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was employed and 496 HIV-positive pregnant and lactating women on ART were included. Data was collected using a prechecked questionnaire with paper mode and ODK (Open Data Kit) for each participant. Venous blood was collected using two Ethylenediamine Tetra acetic Acid (EDTA) tubes for HIV viral load, CD4 and Hgb test. HIV viral load tests were conducted at the EPHI (Ethiopian Public Health Institute) National HIV reference laboratory using the COBAS 4800 System (Roche Molecular Diagnostics). Data was edited and exported to SPSS from the ODK data file, and finally data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 software.Results496 PMTCT Mothers were included in this study, the prevalence of HIV viral non-suppression was 2.2% (95% CI; 1.1-3.9), the rate of viral detectability was 21.8 % (95% CI; 18.2-25.7) and the rate of low-level viremia (LLV) was 9.1%. Family size (X2=7.20; p<0.001), a poor and fair level of Adherence (X2=18.553; p<0.001), exposure to opportunistic infection (X2=25.29; p<0.001), survey time WHO clinical stages II & III (X2=25.29; p<0.001), HIV status non-disclosure other than Health care workers (HCWs) (X2=4.408; p=0.036), and low survey time CD4 count (<350 cells/ul) ( X2= 15.989; p<0.001) were significantly associated to the rate of HIV viral non-suppression.ConclusionsIn this study, HIV viral non-suppression among pregnant and lactating women is relatively low (meet the UNAIDS 2030 target). However, Family size, level of Adherence, exposure to opportunistic infection, WHO clinical stage level II and III, HIV status disclosure and low CD4 count were significantly associated with the prevalence of viral non-suppression. To achieve persistent HIV viral suppression enhanced adherence and counselling services should be provided, tailored to the needs of the specific target group.
Prevalence clinical correlates and outcomes of cardiorenal anemia syndrome among patients with heart failure attended a tertiary hospital in Dodoma, Tanzania: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Edwin Gidion , Alphonce Baraka , Meremo Alfred , Meda John Robson 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionCardiorenal anemia syndrome (CRAS) poses significant complications in heart failure (HF) patients, often leading to unfavourable outcomes but, published data are limited. This study assessed the prevalence, clinical correlates, and outcomes of CRAS among patients with HF who attended the Benjamin Mkapa Hospital (BMH) in Dodoma, Tanzania.Materials and methodsA prospective observational cohort study was carried out at BMH between 18thAugust 2023 and 18thApril 2024. It included patients aged 18 years and above who had been diagnosed with heart failure according to Framingham criteria and confirmed by 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2D-TTE). The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical associations of cardiorenal anemia syndrome (CRAS) at the beginning of the study, as well as to evaluate CRAS outcomes within a 6-month follow-up period. Continuous data were presented as either mean with standard deviation (SD) or median with interquartile range (IQR), while categorical data were expressed as frequency and proportions. Binary logistic regression, using odds ratios (OR), was utilized to examine clinical associations, while survival rate analysis, employing hazard ratios (HR), was utilized to determine CRAS outcomes. A two-tailed p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 298 participants were recruited with a mean age of 57±15 years, and 60% were females. In our cohort, CRAS was prevalent in 46.3%. Iron deficiency (OR: 2.5; 95% CI, 1.5-4.1;p= 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (OR 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.4;p= 0.006), were clinically correlated with CRAS, while female sex (OR 0.35; 95% CI, 0.21-0.59;p= 0.000) was inversely clinically correlated with CRAS. Moreover, CRAS was associated with a higher risk of heart failure re-hospitalization compared to those patients with no CRAS (HR: 3.8; 95% CI, 2.4-6.0;p< 0.001).ConclusionIn our setting, CRAS is prevalent among heart failure patients and is linked to higher rates of heart failure-related hospitalizations, leading to increased healthcare utilization and costs. We strongly advocate for multidisciplinary approaches in managing this condition. Nonetheless, further research with robust evidence is necessary to inform policy-making and initiate targeted interventions.
Prosapip1 in the dorsal hippocampus mediates synaptic protein composition, long-term potentiation, and spatial memory
Authors: Hoisington Zachary W. , Gangal Himanshu , Phamluong Khanhky , Shukla Chhavi , Ehinger Yann , Moffat Jeffrey J. , Homanics Gregg E. , Wang Jun , Ron Dorit 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProsapip1 is a brain-specific protein localized to the postsynaptic density, where it promotes dendritic spine maturation in primary hippocampal neurons. However, nothing is known about the role of Prosapip1in vivo. To examine this, we utilized the Cre-loxP system to develop a Prosapip1 neuronal knockout mouse. We found that Prosapip1 controls the synaptic localization of its binding partner SPAR, along with PSD-95 and the GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) in the dorsal hippocampus (dHP). We next sought to identify the potential contribution of Prosapip1 to the activity and function of the NMDAR and found that Prosapip1 plays an important role in NMDAR-mediated transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the dHP. As LTP is the cellular hallmark of learning and memory, we examined the consequences of neuronal knockout of Prosapip1 on dHP-dependent memory. We found that global or dHP-specific neuronal knockout of Prosapip1 caused a deficit in learning and memory whereas developmental, locomotor, and anxiety phenotypes were normal. Taken together, Prosapip1 in the dHP promotes the proper localization of synaptic proteins which, in turn, facilitates LTP driving recognition, social, and spatial learning and memory.
Inhibition of CELA1 Improves Septation in the Mouse Hyperoxia Model of Impaired Alveolar Development
Authors: Smith Noah J. , Joshi Rashika , Desmukh Hitesh , Gray Jerilyn , Edwards Andrea D. , Shahreki Elham , Varisco Brian M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA key feature of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is impaired alveolar septation. In later live, BPD survivors are more susceptible to childhood respiratory problems and have reduced respiratory function as adults. Chymotrypsin-like elastase 1 (CELA1) is a serine protease expressed in AT2 cells that mediates emphysema progression in adult mouse models. CELA1 binds and cleaves tropoelastin in response to strain. Its expression is developmentally regulated. Using the mouse hyperoxia model of impaired alveolar development we hypothesized a role for CELA1 in impaired alveolar development (IAD). In C57BL6 mouse pup lungs exposed to 80% oxygen for 14 daysCela1mRNA increased 1.9-fold (p<0.05) and protein 2.6-fold (p<0.01). Protein levels normalized after 14 days in room air. Analysis of an existing single cell mRNA-seq dataset showedCela1mRNA in AT2 cells, alveolar macrophages and interstitial macrophages. The fraction of cells with Cela1mRNAincreased with hyperoxia. By flow cytometry the onlyCela1-specific difference in immune cell populations was a 2-fold increase in lung eosinophils in room air (p<0.05). After 14 days of exposure to 80% oxygenCela1-/-mice had better alveolarization with an average mean linear intercept of 80 μm compared to 111μm (p<0.001). Treatment of hyperoxia-exposed pups with subcutaneous anti-Cela1 KF4 antibody offered similar protection compared to IgG (59 μm vs. 67 μm, p<0.001).Human BPD specimens demonstrated CELA1 in AT2 cells and myeloid cells. These data indicate that hyperoxia-induced increases in CELA1 are partially responsible for IAD and suggest a potential role in premature neonates exposed to high FiO2.
Comparison of Age-Related Decline and Behavioral Validity in C57BL/6 and CB6F1 Mice
Authors: Liao Gerald Yu , Pettan-Brewer Christina , Ladiges Warren 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVariability in physical resilience to aging prompts a comprehensive examination of underlying mechanisms across organs and individuals. We conducted a detailed exploration of behavioral and physiological differences between C57BL/6 and CB6F1 mice across various age groups. In behavioral assays, B6 mice displayed superior performance in rotarod tasks but higher anxiety while CB6F1 mice exhibited a decline in short-term memory with age. Grip strength, long-term memory, and voluntary wheel running declined similarly with age in both strains. Examining physiological phenotypes, B6 mice exhibited lower body fat percentages across ages compared to CB6F1 mice, though cataract severity worsened with age in both strains. Analysis of cardiac functions revealed differences between strains, with worsening left ventricular hypertrophy and structural heart abnormalities with age in CB6F1 mice along with higher blood pressure than B6. Lesion scores showed an age-related increase in heart, kidney, and liver lesions in both strains, while lung lesions worsened with age only in CB6F1 mice. This study underscores the validity of behavioral assays and geropathology assessment in reflecting age-related decline and emphasizes the importance of considering strain specificity when using mouse models to study human aging.
Damping of density oscillations from bulk viscosity in quark matter
Authors: Hernández José Luis , Manuel Cristina , Tolos Laura 
Published: June 2024

We study the damping of density oscillations in the quark matter phase that might occur in compact stars. To this end we compute the bulk viscosity and the associated damping time in three-flavor quark matter, considering both nonleptonic and semileptonic electroweak processes. We use two different equations of state of quark matter, more precisely, the MIT bag model and perturbative QCD, including the leading-order corrections in the strong coupling constant. We analyze the dependence of our results on the density, temperature and value of strange quark mass in each case. We then find that the maximum of the bulk viscosity is in the range of temperature from 0.01 to 0.1 MeV for frequencies around 1 kHz, while the associated minimal damping times of the density oscillations at those temperatures might be in the range of few to hundreds milliseconds. Our results suggest that bulk viscous damping might be relevant in the postmerger phase after the collision of two neutron stars if deconfined matter is achieved in the process.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Enterprise digital transformation and labor structure evolution: evidence from China
Authors: Lv Kangjuan , Zhao Ye , Zhu Siwei , Zhu Lei 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to clarify the relationship between digital transformation and labor structure from the perspectives of microenterprise business strategies and factor allocation efficiency. It attempts to address the gap in existing research by explaining the impact of digital transformation on multidimensional workforce structures and the positive effects of this structural adjustment on labor allocation efficiency. In addition, the study further explores the economic ramifications of digital transformation, clarifying the correlation between changes in labor force structure and enterprise human resource allocation, thus enhancing the employment mobility effects of digital innovation at the enterprise level.

Design/methodology/approach
In contrast to prior research, our approach uses text analytics to assess the internal labor structure, incorporating labor skill, position and age into the analytical framework. This approach yields a more comprehensive data set, shedding light on variations in multidimensional employment structures.

Findings
The paper asserts that digital transformation significantly influences labor structure changes, evidenced by increased proportions of high-skilled, non-routine and younger laborers, as well as decreased shares of low-skilled, routine and older-age workers. Furthermore, it captures internal labor structure impacts, influenced by enterprise size, ownership, industry density and regional digitization levels. Mechanism analysis indicates moderation of digital transformation effects on labor structure by innovative tasks, labor productivity and management shareholding.

Social implications
The paper reveals the specific impact of corporate digital transformation on workforce structure, enriching the employment mobility effects of digital innovation at the enterprise level and providing theoretical support for the formulation and implementation of relevant policies.

Originality/value
First, this paper delves into the impact of digital transformation on the internal labor structure from a microlevel perspective, elucidating its mechanisms. Second, in contrast to prior research, it uses text analytics to assess the internal labor structure, incorporating labor skill, position and age into the analytical framework. This approach yields a more comprehensive data set, shedding light on variations in multidimensional employment structures. Lastly, the study investigates the economic ramifications of shifts in employment structures. The findings of this study furnish novel empirical evidence for the debate regarding whether digital transformation can indeed enhance labor allocation efficiency.
A multicultural education perspective: engaging students and educators to critically exam fat ideology in teacher education and P-12 classrooms
Authors: Li Nan , Peters Angela 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
In recent years, issues related to body image, fat shaming, and societal perceptions of weight have gained more attention in educational discourse (Carmona-Márquez, et al., 2023; Dark and Aphramor, 2023; Nutter, Ireland, Alberga, et al., 2019; Schorb, 2022). The purpose of this paper is to explore the importance of engaging students and educators to critically examine fat ideology in teacher education and P-12 classrooms through the lens of multicultural education.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a multicultural lens to examine fat phobia in education.

Findings
This paper explores the importance of engaging students and educators to critically examine fat ideology in teacher education and P-12 classrooms through the lens of multicultural education.

Practical implications
By acknowledging the intersection of body image bias with cultural diversity, educators can foster inclusive environments that challenge harmful stereotypes and promote body positivity. This paper also provides strategies for integrating discussions on fat ideology within the multicultural education framework, aiming to empower both teachers and students from a multicultural education perspective to think critically and advocate for social justice.

Social implications
This paper also provides strategies for integrating discussions on fat ideology within the multicultural education framework, aiming to empower both teachers and students from a multicultural education perspective to think critically and advocate for social justice.

Originality/value
The issue of fat phobia is rarely discussed in education.
The impact of instructional coaching on elementary mathematics teaching
Authors: Panfilio-Padden Shannon Rose , Brendefur Jonathan , Krone Keith 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to gather data to determine whether instructional coaching partnerships can improve teachers’ implementation of learned mathematics instructional strategies. Teachers are willing to learn and implement new mathematics strategies after professional development sessions to see better student learning results. However, the implementation process can become difficult. Our purpose was to determine whether implementing mathematics strategies improved if an instructional coaching partnership supported teachers.Design/methodology/approach“Do instructional coaching partnerships improve teachers’ implementation of mathematics instructional strategies?” We gathered data to determine whether instructional coaching partnerships support teachers’ capacity to implement new learning. Data were collected using video recording or classroom observation as a pre- and post-assessment. Teachers received 4 to 6 weeks of instructional coaching support during the intervention. Teachers completed a questionnaire about their intervention experiences. Student testing data were also analyzed to determine whether the intervention increased learning outcomes.FindingsOur findings showed improved mathematics strategies, explicitly implementing the open-ended questioning strategy used during mathematics instruction. Open-ended questions to check students’ mathematics understanding increased by 42%. Teachers responded to a qualitative survey and stated overall satisfaction with the support provided by the instructional coach. Additionally, state testing scores in Grades 3 to 5 increased proficiency levels. Grade-level growth comparisons increased between 5 and 28%.Originality/valueThis study adds to current research stating that instructional coaching cycles and the implementation of partnership principles can positively support the execution of learned teaching practices. The study also indicates the effects of coaching support on students’ learning.
Financial and non-financial factors for the success of hybrid offerings: evidence from multinational enterprises in an emerging market
Authors: Leonidou Erasmia , Battisti Enrico , Ahmad Muhammad Ishfaq , Campo Raffaele 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the financial and non-financial factors contributing to the success of hybrid offerings among Pakistani multinational enterprises (MNEs).Design/methodology/approachTo capture the complexity and interdependence of success factors, this study employed fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Data were collected from 213 chief executive officers (CEOs) of Pakistani MNEs.FindingsThe findings indicate that organizational support for service plays a vital role in hybrid offerings. Specific paths, such as a service-oriented corporate culture and management commitment to service, are necessary conditions for successful hybrid offerings.Originality/valueThe study sheds new light on the causal relationship underlying hybrid offerings in Pakistan, one of the Next Eleven countries, which is among the fastest-developing economies. We identified various paths to the financial and non-financial success of hybrid offerings within the Pakistani manufacturing MNE sector, which, to the best of our knowledge, has been underexplored. Additionally, we considered the digitalization dimension, which integrates and strengthens previous configurational models.