bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound in Bone Quality Screening: From the Perspective of Osteoporosis
Authors: Rosa de Sousa Andrade Sara , Naves do Amaral Waldemar , Rita de Sousa Silva Maria , Rathi Manisha A. , de Almeida Lima Vinicius , Rios Leite Macedo Mayara 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Among Brazilians, 4.4% of population has osteoporosis, and the characteristic population with the disease is women above 45 years. Monitoring bone mineralization from an early age becomes a preventive factor essential for those with a family history of osteoporosis or vulnerable population to develop osteoporosis. It is essential to use techniques that are affordable and easily available with high reliability. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) can be one of these techniques.

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to analyze the importance of phalanx ultrasound (US) as a tracking element of the bone quality, accurately establish the diagnostic tests as bone quality, define a nomogram of bone quality, build bone quality normality curve, and establish the pathological risk cutoff score according to the age group.

Method:
In this descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study, 125 women who met the inclusion criteria were selected. They were divided into four groups according to their age: group 1 (G1): 30 to 39 years; group 2 (G2): 40 to 49 years; group 3 (G3): 50 to 59 years; and group 4 (G4): 60 years and above. All the participants underwent phalanx US and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The Ultrasound Bone Profile Index (UBPI) was found, and the phalanx US and sensitivity of the same technique were determined.

Result:
UBPI at the phalanx was compared with DEXA, and the sensitivity of the test was found to be 80% for G1 and 100% for G2, G3, and G4. Regarding femur DEXA, the sensitivity of the test was 90% for G1 and 100% for G2, G3, and G4. There was a significant inverse correlation observed between age and bone quality. This result includes an early decrease in bone quality, starting in the fertile period of women. The cutoff score for pathological risk was as follows: G1: 0.68 ± 0.23; G2: 0.64 ± 0.28; G3: 0.54 ± 0.37; and G4: 0.32 ± 0.30.

Conclusion:
Phalanx US proved to be a highly effective method as an osteoporosis tracking element in terms of bone quality evaluation, hence can be used as a screening tool for early diagnosis among the female population.
Phenomenology of Depressive Disorders with and without Psychotic Features: A Comparative Study
Authors: Surati Love , Arya Aakanksha , Chaudhari Bhushan , Chaudhury Suprakash , Saldanha Daniel 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Depressive disorders can present with psychotic features, which warrants a different diagnosis and a different phenomenological study.

Aim:
To study the phenomenology of depressive disorders with and without psychotic features.

Methodology:
One hundred and forty-eight patients presenting to psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care center were screened using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview questionnaire to select patients for our study. Sociodemographic data and some clinical variables of these patients were collected. These patients were further assessed for depression severity and psychotic symptoms by using Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Modified Psychotic Symptoms Ratings Scale (PSYRATS), respectively.

Results:
Mean MADRS score for patients with depression without psychotic features was 38.38 and for patients with depression with psychotic features was 44.51. Result was found to be significant. Suicidality was found to be on a higher side in patients of depression with psychotic features.

Conclusion:
Main finding related to our study was that depression severity was found to be more in patients of depression with psychotic features. There are certain phenomenological differences which warrant a separate diagnosis of depression with psychotic features. These include the increased intensity of suicidality, visible sadness, inner stress, difficulty in concentration, lassitude, altered ability to feel, and thoughts of suicide present in patients of depression with psychotic features.
Clinicopathologic Analysis of Malabsorption Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Ganesan Nidhya , Shrinnivi S. , Shivani R. , Kartikayan R. K. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Malabsorption syndrome is an umbrella term for manifestations consisting of diarrhea, steatorrhea, malnutrition, unexplained weight loss, persistent or recurrent abdominal pain, and anemia. Celiac disease and Tropical sprue remain the two important causes among many more.

Materials and Methods:
The objectives of this study were to assess the spectrum of histological features of malabsorption at a tertiary care center and to correlate the clinical, endoscopic, and histological features between the various etiologies. Biopsy specimens of 547 subjects formed the sample for this institutional-based, retrospective research. All subjects who had a clinical diagnosis of malabsorption and underwent subsequent endoscopic evaluation along with biopsy were considered. The hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were analyzed for villous architecture and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). The histopathological findings were further correlated with the endoscopic findings. Data thus obtained were statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel for Windows (2010).

Results:
The mean age of the subjects was 46.65 ± 17.31 years and with 330 males (60.33%) and 217 female (39.63%) subjects. Chronic diarrhea was the major presenting symptom in 95% of the subjects (n = 520). Normal villous architecture was noted in 68.19%, while the remaining cases showed varying degrees of atrophy ranging from mild in 27.61% (n = 151) to moderate in 2.56% (n = 14) to severe in 1.65% (n = 9). IELs were noted in 70.78% of cases.

Conclusion:
Histopathological findings, when analyzed, showed intraepithelial lymphocytosis as the major diagnosis in 34.19% of cases (n = 187), followed by tropical sprue in 19.56% (n = 107) cases. The pathology was nonspecific in about 13.89% (n = 76).
Utility of EUS-Guided FNAC in the Diagnosis of Spindle Cell Lesion of the GI Tract: A Case Report
Authors: Viswanathan Vidya , Londhe Mangesh , Kundlia Aakriti , Ingale Yamini 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTGastrointestinal (GI) tumors pose a diagnostic challenge due to their diverse histology and location. EUS was first used clinically in 1980. Since its inception, it has emerged as a valuable diagnostic tool for GI lesions, to a versatile therapeutic modality, encompassing a wide range of indications. EUS faces challenges in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. The partnership between cytopathologists and endoscopists, coupled with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE), has become crucial in patient management. Recent technical advancements along with the addition of FNAC have greatly increased its diagnostic accuracy. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNAC) has become a routine practice in many healthcare facilities, aiding in the diagnosis of mediastinal, GI, and pancreatic malignancies. EUS-FNAC offers several advantages, such as multi-site aspiration and lower cost as compared to other procedures. Even its potential in the area of molecular studies has been recently investigated. In this case study, a 45-year-old man who underwent EUS-FNAC is presented. The combination of histology, immunohistochemistry, and EUS-FNAC allowed us to make a conclusive diagnosis of GI stromal tumors (GIST).
Correlation between Ultrasound TI-RADS and Bethesda FNAC Scoring in Thyroid Lesions: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Mathur Smriti , Chail Amit , Das Amit K. , Pal Seerat , Lahel Ranjit S. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Primary objective of the study was to determine the association between the TI-RADS system of thyroid lesion evaluation on ultrasound and the cytological findings of thyroid lesions by FNAC (graded as per the Bethesda system). The secondary objective was to study the outcome of high TI-RADS and high Bethesda grades in terms of malignant potential determined by histopathological examination.

Materials and Methods:
A multi-centric retrospective hospital-based study was done for all patients who underwent sonography for evaluation of thyroid lesions and subsequently fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from 2018 to 2021 at two hospitals in two different states of India. Clinical and radiological data were obtained from hospital records. The data hence obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. The outcome of high-grade TIRADS and Bethesda scores in terms of malignant potential (confirmed by histopathology) was also evaluated.

Results:
A total of 249 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 129 patients (51.8%) were in 36-55 year age group with female predominance. The majority of cases in the study belonged to TI-RADS 3 category (33.73%) on sonography and Bethesda Grade III (28.91%) after cytological analysis. Out of 72 Bethesda grade III cases, 59 (81.9%) had TI-RADS 3 score. Similarly, out of 67 Bethesda Grade IV cases, 55 (82%) had TI-RADS 4 scores showing maximum concordance. The accuracy of TIRADS 4 and 5 lesions and Bethesda grade 4-6 lesions in detecting malignancy confirmed on HPE was 67.9 and 73.6%.

Discussion:
Our study done on 249 patients from varying demographic profiles showed that the correlation between sonography and cytological findings of thyroid lesions was statistically significant. Both diagnostic modalities helped to correctly determine the severity of the lesions, and malignant potential and enabled grading into clinically relevant groups that decided the further management as per laid down guidelines.

Conclusion:
The concurrent use of ACR-TIRADS on sonography coupled with the Bethesda system of cytological evaluation for thyroid nodules is clinically appropriate in ascertaining the RoM (Risk of malignancy) in a thyroid nodule.
Assessment of Risk Factors for Non-communicable Diseases among Young Adults in Kerala, India
Authors: Salam Ahana , Thayyil Jayakrishnan , Girija Nithya , Lakshmanan Anjali , Punathukandi Sruthikrishna , Karattuthazhathu Anupama Raj 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
To estimate risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) amongst young adults and to determine the association between NCDs and various risk factors amongst young adults.

Materials and Methods:
This study was done amongst 150 young adults of Kerala. The data were collected by conducting direct interviews with the use of pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol, low-density lipids were collected and analysed using standard methods.

Results:
Amongst the 150 study participants, 104 (69.4%) were girls and 46 (30.6%) were boys. Amongst these 68 (45.3%) had body mass index (BMI) >23. The study shows that 25.3% and 27.3% of participants had high diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), respectively. Males had high BP, whereas abdominal adiposity was more amongst females. Physical activity amongst participants was very low. There is a positive correlation between BMI and SBP (r = 0.28, odds ratio [OR] =3.9); BMI and DBP (r = 0.24, OR = 2.9) and waist circumference (WC) with SBP (r = 0.25,); WC and DBP (r = 0.283). The increased BMI (crude odds ratio-3.979; 95% confidence interval-1.490–10.625) has got association with hypertension.

Conclusions:
There is a high prevalence of risk factors of NCDs amongst the young adult population of Kerala. The findings emphasise the need for interventions to reduce these risk factors amongst these young adults by life cycle approach.
Predicting Schistosomiasis Intensity in Africa: A Machine Learning Approach to Evaluate the Progress of WHO Roadmap 2030
Authors: Chen Xinyue , Le Jiaxu , Hu Yi 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT.
The World Health Organization (WHO) 2030 Roadmap aims to eliminate schistosomiasis as a public health issue, targeting reductions in the heavy intensity of infections. Previous studies, however, have predominantly used prevalence as the primary indicator of schistosomiasis. We introduce several machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict infection intensity categories, using morbidity prevalence, with the aim of assessing the elimination of schistosomiasis in Africa, as outlined by the WHO. We obtained morbidity prevalence and infection intensity data from the Expanded Special Project to Eliminate Neglected Tropical Diseases, which spans 12 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. We then used a series of ML algorithms to predict the prevalence of infection intensity categories for Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni, with morbidity prevalence and several relevant environmental and demographic covariates from remote-sensing sources. The optimal model had high accuracy and stability; it achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.02, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.05, and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.84 in predicting heavy-intensity prevalence for S. mansoni; and an MAE of 0.02, an RMSE of 0.04, and an R2 value of 0.81 for S. haematobium. Based on this optimal model, we found that most areas in the surveyed countries have not achieved the target of the WHO road map for 2030. The ML algorithms used in our analysis showed a high overall predictive power in estimating infection intensity for each species, and our methods provided a low-cost, effective approach to evaluating the disease target in Africa set in the WHO road map for 2030.
POSSIBILITIES OF USING HIFENADINE IN THE TREATMENT OF ITCHY DERMATOSES. A DOCTOR’S VIEW ON COMMON DRUGS
Authors: Орлова Е.А. , Ненашева Н.М. , Трушина Е.Ю. , Вихрева М.Н. , Костина Е.М. 
Published: May 2024

Кожный зуд – мучительный симптом, который сопровождает целый ряд кожных заболеваний аллергического и неаллергического генеза. Антигистаминные препараты (АГП) служат средствами первого выбора при данных состояниях. Назначение АГП с целью купирования кожного зуда является первой линией фармакологической терапии, позволяя в большинстве случаев достигать его контроля. Кроме того, АГП уменьшают отек и гиперемию. Хифенадин (Фенкарол®) – единственный неседативный АГП, у которого зарегистрирована инъекционная форма. Хифенадин может быть рекомендован для терапии дерматозов, сопровождающихся кожным зудом (крапивница, экзема, атопический дерматит и др.). В статье представлены клинические случаи лечения зудящих дерматозов из собственной практики.
Skin itching is a painful symptom that accompanies a number of skin diseases of allergic and non-allergic origin. Antihistamines (AGDs) are the first choice for these conditions. Prescribing AGDs to relieve skin itching is the first line of pharmacological therapy, allowing in most cases to achieve its control. In addition, AGDs reduce swelling and hyperemia. Hifenadine (Fenkarol®) is the only non-sedating antihistamine drug whose injectable form is registered. Hifenadine can be recommended for the treatment of dermatoses accompanied by itchy skin (urticaria, eczema, atopic dermatitis, etc.). The article presents clinical cases of treatment of itchy dermatoses from our own practice.
IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRAUTERINE SURGERY OUTCOMES USING MODERN ANTI-ADHESION BARRIERS
Authors: Леваков С.А. , Шешукова Н.А. 
Published: May 2024

Цель исследования: повышение эффективности исходов трансцервикальной миомэктомии с использованием современных противоспаечных барьеров. Материал и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 52 пациентки с миомой матки, которым проводилась внутриматочная хирургия – гистероскопическая миомэктомия с помощью биполярного резектоскопа. Пациентки были разделены на две группы. В первую (основную) группу вошли 30 женщин с низкой степенью сложности выполнения гистероскопической миомэктомии, которым была выполнена гистерорезектоскопия с последующим интраоперационным введением геля Антиадгезин внутриматочно. Группу сравнения составили 22 пациентки с миомой матки, также отнесенные к группе низкой сложности выполнения гистероскопической миомэктомии, которым была выполнена только гистерорезектоскопия миоматозного узла. Результаты и выводы. С целью минимизации послеоперационных рисков развития спаечного процесса в полости матки в качестве комплексного лечения следует рекомендовать интраоперационное введение антиадгезивного геля Антиадгезин в дозе 3 г. Введение геля значительно снижает частоту возникновения легких и умеренных внутриматочных синехий, восстанавливает параметры нормального менструального цикла и увеличивает частоту наступления беременности.
Purpose of the study: to improve the effectiveness of outcomes of transcervical myomectomy using modern anti-adhesion barriers. Material and methods. The study involved 52 patients with uterine fibroids who underwent intrauterine surgery – hysteroscopic myomectomy using a bipolar resectoscope. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I (main) – 30 women with a low degree of complexity of hysteroscopic myomectomy, who underwent hysteroresectoscopy followed by intraoperative intrauterine administration of Antiadgesin gel. The comparison group consisted of 22 patients with uterine fibroids, also assigned to the group of low complexity of hysteroscopic myomectomy, who underwent only hysteroresectoscopy of the myomatous node. Results and conclusion. In order to minimize the postoperative risks of developing adhesions in the uterine cavity, intraoperative administration of the antiadhesive gel Antiadhesin in a dose of 3 g should be recommended as a complex treatment. The introduction of the gel significantly reduces the incidence of mild and moderate intrauterine synechiae, restores the parameters of the normal menstrual cycle and increases the frequency onset of pregnancy.
THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING ANTIVIRAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA (CIN II+/HSIL) WITH EXCISIONAL TREATMENT METHODS
Authors: Зароченцева Н.В. , Баринова И.В. , Джиджихия Л.К. 
Published: May 2024

Согласно результатам современных исследований, выявлена высокая распространенность цервикальных интраэпителиальных неоплазий (CIN) среди пациенток репродуктивного возраста. Агрессивная тактика ведения заболевания у данных пациенток связана с потерей достаточно значимого объема тканей шейки матки и повышением частоты различных осложнений. Целесообразно проведение комплексной терапии, включающей использование противовирусного препарата перед эксцизионным лечением. В статье проведен сравнительный анализ результатов комплексной терапии у 60 пациенток с ВПЧ-ассоциированными цервикальными интраэпителиальными неоплазиями тяжелой степени (CIN II+/HSIL). У 30 пациенток основной группы был применен противовирусный и иммуномодулирующий препарат Панавир внутривенно и интравагинально перед и после проведения эксцизионного метода лечения. У 30 больных контрольной группы было использовано только эксцизионное лечение. Установлено, что комплексная терапия, включающая применение противовирусного препарата на системном и локальном уровнях перед проведением эксцизионных методов, повышает эффективность лечения, способствует сокращению рецидивирования процесса, приводит к элиминации вируса папилломы человека в 93,3% случаев.
According to the results of modern studies, a high prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia has been revealed among patients of reproductive age. Aggressive disease management tactics in these patients is associated with the loss of a sufficiently significant volume of cervical tissue and an increase in the frequency of various complications. It is advisable to conduct complex therapy, including the use of an antiviral drug before excision treatment. This article presents a comparative analysis of the results of complex therapy in 60 patients with HPV-associated severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN II+/HSIL). In 30 patients of the main group, the antiviral and immunomodulatory drug panavir was administered intravenously and intravaginally before and after excision treatment. In 30 patients of the control group, only excision treatment was used. It has been established that the use of complex therapy with an antiviral drug at the systemic and local levels before excision treatments increases the effectiveness of the therapy, reduces the recurrence of the process, and leads to the elimination of human papillomavirus in 93.3% of cases.
MODERN POSSIBILITIES OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF HPV-ASSOCIATED INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA OF THE VAGINUS AND CERVIX
Authors: Чулкова Е.А. , Зароченцева Н.В. , Чулкова О.В. , Трищенкова О.В. 
Published: May 2024

Неуклонный рост числа женщин с предраковыми заболеваниями шейки матки и влагалища, а также выраженная тенденция к омоложению онкологической патологии свидетельствуют об актуальности поиска, разработки и внедрения новых подходов к профилактике, диагностике и лечению рецидивов плоскоклеточного интраэпителиального поражения высокой степени. Метод флуоресцентной диагностики основан на возможности распознавания новообразований, состоящих из атипических клеток, по индуцированной световым излучением характерной флуоресценции экзо- и эндогенных флюорохромов. В статье представлены собственные данные по эффективности проведения фотодиагностики и фотодинамической терапии цервикальных и влагалищных интраэпителиальных неоплазий. Применение фотодинамической терапии как в качестве самостоятельного метода лечения, так и в комбинации с другими методами способствует значительному снижению вероятности возникновения ВПЧ-ассоциированных рецидивов, сокращению продолжительности противовирусной терапии в сравнении со стандартными методиками.
The steady increase in the number of women with precancerous diseases of the cervix and vagina, as well as a pronounced trend towards rejuvenation of oncological pathology, indicate the relevance of the search, development and implementation of new approaches to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of relapses of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The fluorescence diagnostic method is based on the ability to recognize neoplasms consisting of atypical cells by the characteristic fluorescence of exo-and endogenous fluorochromes induced by light radiation. The article presents our own data on the effectiveness of photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of cervical and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. The use of photodynamic therapy, both as an independent method of treatment and in combination with other methods, leads to a significant reduction in the likelihood of HPV-associated relapses and a reduction in the duration of antiviral therapy in comparison with standard methods.
ՀՀ գնաճի և մակրոտնտեսական ցուցանիշների միջև փոխազդեցության էկոնոմետրիկ վերլուծություն
Authors: Խառատյան Ալվարդ , Սարգսյան Աննա 
Published: May 2024

Աշխատանքում վեկտորական ավտոռեգրեսիայի (VAR) մոդելի կիրառմամբ 1996-2023 թթ. եռամսյակային տվյալների հիման վրա գնահատվել են Հայաստանում գնաճի, տնտեսական աճի, փոխարժեքի և արտերկրից փոխանցվող անձնական տրանսֆերտների փոխադարձ կապերը, ինչպես նաև՝ այդ փոփոխականների վրա պատահական շոկերի դինամիկ ազդեցությունները: Արդյունքների համաձայն՝ կարճաժամկետ հեռանկարում գնաճը նշանակալի դրական ազդեցություն ունի տնտեսական աճի վրա: Գնաճի վրա արտերկրից փոխանցվող անձնական տրանսֆերտներն ունեն նշանակալի դրական, իսկ տնտեսական աճը՝ նշանակալի բացասական ազդեցություն: Տնտեսական աճը և գնաճը փոխարժեքի փոփոխության պատճառն են ըստ Գրեյնջերի: Կարճաժամկետ հատվածում և տնտեսական աճը և գնաճը նպաստում են դրամի արժևորմանը:
Տնտեսական աճ փոփոխականի սեփական շոկի ազդեցությունը երկարաժամկետ է, իսկ գնաճինը և փոխարժեքինը՝ կարճաժամկետ: Ոչ սեփական շոկերի ազդեցությունները թույլ են: Դիսպերսիոն վերլուծության արդյունքներով՝ տնտեսական աճի և գնաճի վարիացիաների մեջ մեծ է սեփական շոկի ներդրումը, իսկ փոխարժեքի վարիացիայի մեջ տնտեսական աճը և գնաճը նշանակալի ներդրում ունեն: