bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dural venous sinus angioplasty and stenting for the treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Fields Jeremy D , Javedani Parisa P , Falardeau Julie , Nesbit Gary M , Dogan Aclan , Helseth Erek K , Liu Kenneth C , Barnwell Stanley L , Petersen Bryan D 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundLumboperitoneal shunt (LPS), ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) are accepted surgical therapies for medically refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). In the subset of patients with IIH and venous sinus stenosis, dural venous sinus stenting has emerged as an alternative surgical approach.MethodsAll cases of dural stents for IIH at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Eligibility criteria included medically refractory IIH with documented papilledema and dural venous sinus stenosis of the dominant venous outflow system (gradient ≥10 mm Hg).ResultsFifteen cases (all women) of mean age 34 years were identified. All had failed medical therapy and six had failed surgical intervention. Technical success was achieved in all patients without major periprocedural complications. The mean preprocedural gradient across the venous stenosis was reduced from 24 mm Hg before the procedure to 4 mm Hg after the procedure. Headache resolved or improved in 10 patients. Papilledema resolved in all patients and visual acuity stabilized or improved in 14 patients. There were no instances of restenosis among the 14 patients with follow-up imaging.ConclusionIn this small case series, dural sinus stenting for IIH was performed safely with a high degree of technical success and with excellent clinical outcomes. These results suggest that angioplasty and stenting for the treatment of medically refractory IIH in patients with dural sinus stenosis warrants further investigation as an alternative to LPS, VPS and ONSF.
An unusual specimen of
Glyptograptus
from Dob's Linn (Southern Uplands, Scotland), and a discussion of graptolite teratomorphies
Authors: Muir Lucy A. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARY

A specimen of
Glyptograptus
from the Silurian of Dob's Linn is described that possessed a bifurcating virgula, with a biserial stipe along each virgula. The colony lived for some considerable time with this morphology, showing that at least some graptoloids could survive and grow with major modifications to the rhabdosome. The specimen is left under open nomenclature, but if further material is discovered it may be appropriate to name a new species. Growth abnormalities in graptolites are not common, but many examples of repaired damage, rhabdosome malformations, and abnormal growth of thecae, virgellae and virgulae are known. Growth abnormalities can provide important evidence about graptolite ecology, biology and evolution, and so should be described and illustrated whenever possible.
A critical graptolite correlation into the Lower Ordovician of Gondwana
Authors: Fortey Richard A. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARY

The early Ordovician was a time of maximum faunal provinciality. Correlation between strata deposited at low palaeolatitudes and those deposited close to the Ordovician pole in Gondwana is accordingly particularly difficult. The graptolite used to define the base of the internationally accepted Floian Stage,
Tetragraptus approximatus
, is essentially a lower latitude species. The discovery of a closely related and coeval species,
T. akzharensis
, in the early Ordovician of the Montagne Noire is reported. It occurs at the same level as the acme of the trilobite
Taihungshania miqueli
. The new record permits a direct tie with the earliest part of the Floian Stage and the shelly faunas typical of much of western Gondwana.
The Rhuddanian/Aeronian transition in the Rheidol Gorge, mid Wales
Authors: Cullum Alex A. , Loydell David K. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARY
Logs are presented through the upper Rhuddanian and lower Aeronian (Llandovery, Silurian) of the internationally important Rheidol Gorge section in Ceredigion, mid Wales. It is hoped that these will be of value to those engaged in future research on the section.
HAWKEYE
Authors: Tripp Omer , Yorsh Greta , Field John , Sagiv Mooly 
Published: December 2011

Parallelization transformations are an important vehicle for improving the performance and scalability of a software system. Utilizing concurrency requires that the developer first identify a suitable parallelization scope: one that poses as a performance bottleneck, and at the same time, exhibits considerable available parallelism. However, having identified a candidate scope, the developer still needs to ensure the correctness of the transformation. This is a difficult undertaking, where a major source of complication lies in tracking down sequential dependencies that inhibit parallelization and addressing them.
We report on Hawkeye, a dynamic dependence-analysis tool that is designed to assist programmers in pinpointing such impediments to parallelization. In contrast with field-based dependence analyses, which track concrete memory conflicts and thus suffer from a high rate of false reports, Hawkeye tracks dependencies induced by the abstract semantics of the data type while ignoring dependencing arising solely from implementation artifacts. This enables a more concise report, where the reported dependencies are more likely to be real as well as intelligible to the programmer.
Oracle scheduling
Authors: Acar Umut A. , Charguéraud Arthur , Rainey Mike 
Published: December 2011

A classic problem in parallel computing is determining whether to execute a task in parallel or sequentially. If small tasks are executed in parallel, the task-creation overheads can be overwhelming. If large tasks are executed sequentially, processors may spin idle. This granularity problem, however well known, is not well understood: broadly applicable solutions remain elusive.
We propose techniques for controlling granularity in implicitly parallel programming languages. Using a cost semantics for a general-purpose language in the style of the lambda calculus with support for parallelism, we show that task-creation overheads can indeed slow down parallel execution by a multiplicative factor. We then propose oracle scheduling, a technique for reducing these overheads, which bases granularity decisions on estimates of task-execution times. We prove that, for a class of computations, oracle scheduling can reduce task creation overheads to a small fraction of the work without adversely affecting available parallelism, thereby leading to efficient parallel executions.
We realize oracle scheduling in practice by a combination of static and dynamic techniques. We require the programmer to provide the asymptotic complexity of every function and use run-time profiling to determine the implicit, architecture-specific constant factors. In our experiments, we were able to reduce overheads of parallelism down to between 3 and 13 percent, while achieving 6- to 10-fold speedups.
Composable, nestable, pessimistic atomic statements
Authors: Anderson Zachary , Gay David 
Published: December 2011

In this paper we introduce a new method for pessimistically implementing composable, nestable atomic statements. Our mechanism, called shelters, is inspired by the synchronization strategy used in the Jade programming language. Unlike previous lock-based pessimistic approaches, our mechanism does not require a whole-program analysis that computes a global lock order. Further, this mechanism frees us to implement several optimizations, impossible with automatically inserted locks, that are necessary for scaling on recent multi-core systems. Additionally we show how our basic mechanism can be extended to support both open- and closed-nesting of atomic statements, something that, to our knowledge, has not yet been implemented fully-pessimistically in this context. Unlike optimistic, transactional-memory-based approaches, programmers using our mechanism do not have to write compensating actions for open-nesting, or worry about the possibly awkward semantics and performance impact of aborted transactions.
Similar to systems using locks, our implementation requires programmers to annotate the types of objects with the shelters that protect them, and indicate the sections of code to be executed atomically with atomic statements. A static analysis then determines from which shelters protection is needed for the atomic statements to run atomically. We have implemented shelter-based atomic statements for C, and applied our implementation to 12 benchmarks totaling over 200k lines of code including the STAMP benchmark suite, and the sqlite database system. Our implementation's performance is competitive with explicit locking, Autolocker, and a mature software transactional memory implementation.
Flexible object layouts
Authors: Verwaest Toon , Bruni Camillo , Lungu Mircea , Nierstrasz Oscar 
Published: December 2011

Programming idioms, design patterns and application libraries often introduce cumbersome and repetitive boilerplate code to a software system. Language extensions and external DSLs (domain specific languages) are sometimes introduced to reduce the need for boilerplate code, but they also complicate the system by introducing the need for language dialects and inter-language mediation. To address this, we propose to extend the structural reflective model of the language with object layouts, layout scopes and slots. Based on the new reflective language model we can 1) provide behavioral hooks to object layouts that are triggered when the fields of an object are accessed and 2) simplify the implementation of state-related language extensions such as stateful traits. By doing this we show how many idiomatic use cases that normally require boilerplate code can be more effectively supported.
We present an implementation in Smalltalk, and illustrate its usage through a series of extended examples.
RoleCast
Authors: Son Sooel , McKinley Kathryn S. , Shmatikov Vitaly 
Published: December 2011

Web applications written in languages such as PHP and JSP are notoriously vulnerable to accidentally omitted authorization checks and other security bugs. Existing techniques that find missing security checks in library and system code assume that (1) security checks can be recognized syntactically and (2) the same pattern of checks applies universally to all programs. These assumptions do not hold for Web applications. Each Web application uses different variables and logic to check the user's permissions. Even within the application, security logic varies based on the user's role, e.g., regular users versus administrators. This paper describes ROLECAST, the first system capable of statically identifying security logic that mediates security-sensitive events (such as database writes) in Web applications, rather than taking a specification of this logic as input. We observe a consistent software engineering pattern-the code that implements distinct user role functionality and its security logic resides in distinct methods and files-and develop a novel algorithm for discovering this pattern in Web applications. Our algorithm partitions the set of file contexts (a coarsening of calling contexts) on which security-sensitive events are control dependent into roles. Roles are based on common functionality and security logic. ROLECAST identifies security-critical variables and applies rolespecific variable consistency analysis to find missing security checks. ROLECAST discovered 13 previously unreported, remotely exploitable vulnerabilities in 11 substantial PHP and JSP applications, with only 3 false positives.
This paper demonstrates that (1) accurate inference of application- and role-specific security logic improves the security of Web applications without specifications, and (2) static analysis can discover security logic automatically by exploiting distinctive software engineering features.
Memory systems in the many-core era
Authors: Mutlu Onur 
Published: December 2011

The memory subsystem is a fundamental performance and energy bottleneck in almost all computing systems. Recent trends towards increasingly more cores on die, consolidation of diverse workloads on a single chip, and difficulty of DRAM scaling impose new requirements and exacerbate old demands on the memory system. In particular, the need for memory bandwidth and capacity is increasing [14], applications' interference in memory system increasingly limits system performance and makes the system hard to control [12], memory energy and power are key design concerns [8], and DRAM technology consumes significant amount of energy and does not scale down easily to smaller technology nodes [7]. Fortunately, some promising solution directions exist.
In this talk, we will examine recent technology, application, and architecture trends motivating a fundamental rethinking of the memory hierarchy. Based on this motivation, we will describe requirements from an ideal memory system suitable for the many-core era. The talk will examine questions one would need to answer in approximating the ideal memory system and possible avenues that seem promising for the research community to explore. In particular, we will focus on the problem of uncontrolled inter-application interference in the memory system and draw upon our experiences in solving it by designing quality-of-service (QoS) aware memory controllers [5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12], interconnects [1 2 13], and entire memory systems. We will make a case forapplication- and QoS-aware design of memory systems and [3, 4]integrated/cooperative design of cores, interconnects, and memory components to optimize the overall system.
ALDH1A1 Is a Novel EZH2 Target Gene in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Identified by Genome-Wide Approaches
Authors: Li Hua , Bitler Benjamin G. , Vathipadiekal Vinod , Maradeo Marie E. , Slifker Michael , Creasy Caretha L. , Tummino Peter J. , Cairns Paul , Birrer Michael J. , Zhang Rugang 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the United States. EZH2 silences gene expression through trimethylating lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27Me3). EZH2 is often overexpressed in EOC and has been suggested as a target for EOC intervention. However, EZH2 target genes in EOC remain poorly understood. Here, we mapped the genomic loci occupied by EZH2/H3K27Me3 using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and globally profiled gene expression in EZH2-knockdown EOC cells. Cross-examination of gene expression and ChIP-seq revealed a list of 60 EZH2 direct target genes whose expression was upregulated more than 1.5-fold upon EZH2 knockdown. For three selected genes (ALDH1A1, SSTR1, and DACT3), we validated their upregulation upon EZH2 knockdown and confirmed the binding of EZH2/H3K27Me3 to their genomic loci. Furthermore, the presence of H3K27Me3 at the genomic loci of these EZH2 target genes was dependent upon EZH2. Interestingly, expression of ALDH1A1, a putative marker for EOC stem cells, was significantly downregulated in high-grade serous EOC (n = 53) compared with ovarian surface epithelial cells (n = 10, P &lt; 0.001). Notably, expression of ALDH1A1 negatively correlated with expression of EZH2 (n = 63, Spearman r = −0.41, P &lt; 0.001). Thus, we identified a list of 60 EZH2 target genes and established that ALDH1A1 is a novel EZH2 target gene in EOC cells. Our results suggest a role for EZH2 in regulating EOC stem cell equilibrium via regulation of ALDH1A1 expression. Cancer Prev Res; 5(3); 484–91. ©2011 AACR.
Long-Term Outcomes in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Caused by Mutations in the Cardiac Troponin T Gene
Authors: Pasquale Ferdinando , Syrris Petros , Kaski Juan Pablo , Mogensen Jens , McKenna William J. , Elliott Perry 
Published: December 2011

Background—
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in the cardiac troponin T gene (TNNT2) has been associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and mild left ventricular hypertrophy. However, previous studies are limited by sample size, cross-sectional design, and few data in relatives.

Methods and Results—
Five hundred fifty-two unrelated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy probands were screened for TNNT2 mutations. First-degree relatives were invited for clinical and genetic evaluation. Ninety-two individuals (20 probands and 72 relatives) carried TNNT2 mutations (51 [55%] male; 30±17 years). ECGs and echo were available in 87 (95%) and 88 (96%) individuals, respectively. ECG was normal in 13 (68%) children (<16 years) and 13 (19%) adults. Echo was normal in 18 (90%) children and 16 (24%) adults; 7 (10%) adults had a normal ECG and echo. Thirteen (65%) of 20 families had a history of SCD. Follow-up was available for 75 patients (mean, 9.9±5.2 years); 2 of 16 adults and 2 of 18 children with normal echoes developed left ventricular hypertrophy. Twenty-three (22%) received an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (20 for primary prophylaxis). One child and 3 adults died of SCD and 2 adults were resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation. One patient had an appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator discharge. The rate of cardiovascular death, transplant, and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator discharge was 1.6% (0.016 person/y; 95% confidence interval, 0.83–2.79%), and SCD 0.93% (0.0093 person/y; 95% confidence interval, 0.37–1.92%).

Conclusions—
Left ventricular hypertrophy is rare in children with TNNT2 mutations. Left ventricular hypertrophy is absent in the minority of adults, but most have an abnormal ECG. Despite adverse family histories, the rate of cardiovascular death during follow-up was similar to that reported in large referral populations.
Genome-Wide Association Study for Coronary Artery Calcification With Follow-Up in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: O'Donnell Christopher J. , Kavousi Maryam , Smith Albert V. , Kardia Sharon L.R. , Feitosa Mary F. , Hwang Shih-Jen , Sun Yan V. , Province Michael A. , Aspelund Thor , Dehghan Abbas , Hoffmann Udo , Bielak Lawrence F. , Zhang Qunyuan , Eiriksdottir Gudny , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Fox Caroline S. , de Andrade Mariza , Kraja Aldi T. , Sigurdsson Sigurdur , Elias-Smale Suzette E. , Murabito Joanne M. , Launer Lenore J. , van der Lugt Aad , Kathiresan Sekar ,   the CARDIoGRAM Consortium, Krestin Gabriel P. , Herrington David M. , Howard Timothy D. , Liu Yongmei , Post Wendy , Mitchell Braxton D. , O'Connell Jeffrey R. , Shen Haiqing , Shuldiner Alan R. , Altshuler David , Elosua Roberto , Salomaa Veikko , Schwartz Stephen M. , Siscovick David S. , Voight Benjamin F. , Bis Joshua C. , Glazer Nicole L. , Psaty Bruce M. , Boerwinkle Eric , Heiss Gerardo , Blankenberg Stefan , Zeller Tanja , Wild Philipp S. , Schnabel Renate B. , Schillert Arne , Ziegler Andreas , Münzel Thomas F. , White Charles C. , Rotter Jerome I. , Nalls Michael , Oudkerk Matthijs , Johnson Andrew D. , Newman Anne B. , Uitterlinden Andre G. , Massaro Joseph M. , Cunningham Julie , Harris Tamara B. , Hofman Albert , Peyser Patricia A. , Borecki Ingrid B. , Cupples L. Adrienne , Gudnason Vilmundur , Witteman Jacqueline C.M. 
Published: December 2011

Background—
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) detected by computed tomography is a noninvasive measure of coronary atherosclerosis, which underlies most cases of myocardial infarction (MI). We sought to identify common genetic variants associated with CAC and further investigate their associations with MI.

Methods and Results—

Computed tomography was used to assess quantity of CAC. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for CAC was performed in 9961 men and women from 5 independent community-based cohorts, with replication in 3 additional independent cohorts (n=6032). We examined the top single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CAC quantity for association with MI in multiple large genome-wide association studies of MI. Genome-wide significant associations with CAC for SNPs on chromosome 9p21 near
CDKN2A
and
CDKN2B
(top SNP: rs1333049;
P
=7.58×10
−19
) and 6p24 (top SNP: rs9349379, within the
PHACTR1
gene;
P
=2.65×10
−11
) replicated for CAC and for MI. Additionally, there is evidence for concordance of SNP associations with both CAC and MI at a number of other loci, including 3q22 (
MRAS
gene), 13q34 (
COL4A1/COL4A2
genes), and 1p13 (
SORT1
gene).

Conclusions—

SNPs in the 9p21 and
PHACTR1
gene loci were strongly associated with CAC and MI, and there are suggestive associations with both CAC and MI of SNPs in additional loci. Multiple genetic loci are associated with development of both underlying coronary atherosclerosis and clinical events.
Sildenafil and B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Acutely Phosphorylate Titin and Improve Diastolic Distensibility In Vivo
Authors: Bishu Kalkidan , Hamdani Nazha , Mohammed Selma F. , Kruger Martina , Ohtani Tomohito , Ogut Ozgur , Brozovich Frank V. , Burnett John C. , Linke Wolfgang A. , Redfield Margaret M. 
Published: December 2011

Background—
In vitro studies suggest that phosphorylation of titin reduces myocyte/myofiber stiffness. Titin can be phosphorylated by cGMP-activated protein kinase. Intracellular cGMP production is stimulated by B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and degraded by phosphodiesterases, including phosphodiesterase-5A. We hypothesized that a phosphodiesterase-5A inhibitor (sildenafil) alone or in combination with BNP would increase left ventricular diastolic distensibility by phosphorylating titin.

Methods and Results—

Eight elderly dogs with experimental hypertension and 4 young normal dogs underwent measurement of the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship during caval occlusion at baseline, after sildenafil, and BNP infusion. To assess diastolic distensibility independently of load/extrinsic forces, the end-diastolic volume at a common end-diastolic pressure on the sequential end-diastolic pressure-volume relationships was measured (left ventricular capacitance). In a separate group of dogs (n=7 old hypertensive and 7 young normal), serial full-thickness left ventricular biopsies were harvested from the beating heart during identical infusions to measure myofilament protein phosphorylation. Plasma cGMP increased with sildenafil and further with BNP (7.31±2.37 to 26.9±10.3 to 70.3±8.1 pmol/mL;
P
<0.001). Left ventricular diastolic capacitance increased with sildenafil and further with BNP (51.4±16.9 to 53.7±16.8 to 60.0±19.4 mL;
P
<0.001). Changes were similar in old hypertensive and young normal dogs. There were no effects on phosphorylation of troponin I, troponin T, phospholamban, or myosin light chain-1 or -2. Titin phosphorylation increased with sildenafil and BNP, whereas titin-based cardiomyocyte stiffness decreased.

Conclusion—
Short-term cGMP-enhancing treatment with sildenafil and BNP improves left ventricular diastolic distensibility in vivo, in part by phosphorylating titin.