bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The growth hormone receptor gene‐disrupted mouse fails to respond to an intermittent fasting diet
Authors: Arum Oge , Bonkowski Michael S. , Rocha Juliana S. , Bartke Andrzej 
Published: September 2009

SummaryThe interaction of longevity‐conferring genes with longevity‐conferring diets is poorly understood. The growth hormone receptor gene‐disrupted (GHR‐KO) mouse is long lived; and this longevity is not responsive to 30% caloric restriction, in contrast to wild‐type animals from the same strain. To determine whether this may have been limited to a particular level of dietary restriction, we subjected GHR‐KO mice to a different dietary restriction regimen, an intermittent fasting diet. The intermittent fasting diet increased the survivorship and improved insulin sensitivity of normal males, but failed to affect either parameter in GHR‐KO mice. From the results of two paradigms of dietary restriction, we postulate that GHR‐KO mice would be resistant to any manner of dietary restriction; potentially due to their inability to further enhance insulin sensitivity. Insulin sensitivity may be a mechanism and/or a marker of the lifespan extending potential of an intervention.
The Organizational Demography of Japanese Environmentalism*
Authors: Johnson Erik W. , Saito Yoshitaka , Nishikido Makoto 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAlthough a macro‐organizational perspective has become increasingly commonplace in social movement analyses, few studies examine the full spectrum of organizations in any single social movement industry (SMI). Utilizing a unique source of data on Japanese environmental movement organizations, we compare characteristics of groups focused primarily on environmental issues with those for whom environmental issues are part of a larger multi‐issue focus. We then profile across distinct, and theoretically important, organizational domains to assess how local, prefectural and national groups compare on a variety of organizational attributes, including: size, membership type, tactics and activities, and issues. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for understanding both Japanese environmentalism and the structure of SMIs generally.
The association between vascular endothelial growth factor levels and clinically evident peripheral edema in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Silverstein Deborah C. , Montealegre Catalina , Shofer Frances S. , Otto Cynthia M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective
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To determine the relationship between plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, severity of illness, and edema formation in critically ill dogs.Design
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Prospective, observational, descriptive, clinical study.Setting
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University Teaching Hospital.Animals
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Twenty‐eight dogs.Interventions
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None.Measurements and Main Results
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Physical examination and multifrequency bioimpedance (MFBIA) measurements were performed daily on 28 critically ill dogs with evidence of severe inflammatory disease and compared with the corresponding plasma VEGF levels. The change in VEGF values and the relationship between MFBIA measurements and clinical evidence of edema were also examined. Eighteen dogs had a positive VEGF level, 12 dogs had clinical evidence of edema, and 7 dogs had both a positive VEGF level and clinical evidence of edema. There was no statistically significant correlation between VEGF levels and the presence of edema on physical examination (P=0.2). VEGF values were also evaluated with respect to WBC count, survival prediction index, presence of known sepsis, change in extracellular water, and outcome. No statistical relationship could be identified between VEGF levels in the blood of dogs with inflammatory disease and their survival prediction index (P=0.1), the WBC count (P=0.2), or presence of sepsis (P=0.2). Dogs with a VEGF level >70 pg/mL (n=3) were less likely to survive (P=0.04). Because of high variability within and between animals, conclusions regarding changes in MFBIA could not be made, suggesting that this technology requires further refinement and investigation in critically ill dogs.Conclusions
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A relationship between VEGF and clinically evident increased vascular permeability was not found in this study. Dogs with markedly elevated VEGF levels may be more likely to die, but further studies are needed to determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of VEGF in critically ill dogs.
Comparison of fluid types for resuscitation after acute blood loss in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)
Authors: Lichtenberger Marla , Orcutt Connie , Cray Carolyn , Thamm Douglas H. , DeBehnke Daniel , Page Cheryl , Mull Lori , Kirby Rebecca 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective
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The purpose of this study was to determine the LD50 for acute blood loss in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), compare the mortality rate among 3 fluid resuscitation groups, and determine the time required for a regenerative RBC response.Design
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Prospective study.Setting
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Medical College of Wisconsin Research facility.Animals
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Eighteen mallard ducks were included for the LD50 study and 28 for the fluid resuscitation study.Interventions
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Phlebotomy was performed during both the LD50 and fluid resuscitation studies. Ducks in the fluid resuscitation study received a 5 mL/kg intravenous bolus of crystalloids, hetastarch (HES), or a hemoglobin‐based oxygen‐carrying solution (HBOCS).Measurements and Main Results
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The LD50 for acute blood loss was 60% of total blood volume. This blood volume was removed in the fluid resuscitation study to create a model of acute blood loss. Following fluid administration, 6 birds in the crystalloid group (66%), 4 birds in the HES group (40%), and 2 birds in the HBOCS group (20%) died. No statistical difference in mortality rate was seen among the 3 fluid resuscitation groups. Relative polychromasia evaluated post‐phlebotomy demonstrated regeneration starting at 24 hours and continuing through 48 hours.Conclusions
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The LD50 for acute blood loss in mallard ducks was 60% of their total blood volume. Although no statistical difference in mortality rate was appreciated among the 3 fluid resuscitation groups, a trend of decreased mortality rate was observed in the HBOCS group. An early regenerative response was apparent following acute blood loss.
Prevalence of malignancy when solitary versus multiple lesions are detected during abdominal ultrasonographic examination of dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum: 31 cases (2003–2008)
Authors: Levinson Joshua G. , Bouma Jennifer L. , Althouse Gary C. , Rieser Teresa M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective
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To compare the histopathologic diagnosis in dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum when abdominal ultrasonographic examination detects a solitary versus multiple lesions.Design
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Retrospective cross‐sectional study.Setting
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Private veterinary hospital.Animals
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Client‐owned dogs presented with spontaneous hemoperitoneum between March 1, 2003 and June 1, 2008.Interventions
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Dogs were divided into 2 groups based on presence of a solitary or multiple abdominal ultrasonographic lesions. Prevalences were compared between groups for malignancy and specifically hemangiosarcoma.Measurements and Main Results
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Ten of 31 (32%) dogs had a solitary abdominal ultrasonographic lesion and 21 of 31 (68%) had more than 1 lesion. The bleeding tissue was characterized as malignant in 8 of 10 (80%) dogs with solitary lesions and 17 of 21 (81%) dogs with multiple lesions; there was no significant difference (P=1.0) between groups. In this study no association (P=0.26) was found between the number of abdominal ultrasonographic lesions observed and subsequent diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma.Conclusions
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Solitary abdominal ultrasonographic lesions in dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum do not necessarily indicate a lower prevalence of malignancy.
Surgical management of a canine intracranial abscess due to a bite wound
Authors: Bilderback Ann L. , Faissler Dominik 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective
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To describe the successful surgical management of a brain abscess in a dog secondary to bite wound.Case Summary
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A 10‐year‐old neutered female Welsh Corgi/Chihuahua, weighing 5.3 kg, was presented for evaluation of seizures, ataxia, and falling to the left 8 days after a presumptive fight with another dog. On examination at presentation, the dog was alert, responsive, and ambulatory with tetra‐ataxia, falling to the left, left‐sided postural deficits, and absent left menace response. Within 24 hours, the dog progressed to nonambulatory tetraparesis with minimal motor, absent postural reactions of all limbs, left nasal hypalgesia, reduced gag reflex, and depressed mentation. Computed tomographic images of the brain were suggestive of a bite wound fracture of the right parietal bone with secondary meningoencephalitis, right parietal lobe abscessation, and white matter edema adjacent to the bone fracture. A modified right rostrotentorial craniectomy was performed, the abscess was identified, contents of the abscess were removed, and the surgical site was flushed extensively before closing. Corynebacterium spp. was cultured from within the abscess. Within hours of surgery, the dog was quiet but alert, responsive, and sitting up in her cage. In addition to surgical intervention, intensive care, broad‐spectrum IV antimicrobials, and supportive therapy led to significant neurologic improvement with only occasional seizures and mild postural reaction deficits of the left hindlimb remaining.New or Unique Information Provided
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Abscess formation within the CNS is uncommon in dogs and cats and is associated with a high mortality rate. In veterinary medicine the management of brain abscesses is controversial with limited information available regarding treatment. This is the first case report that demonstrates surgical intervention in combination with antimicrobial therapy can be used successfully in the treatment of a canine brain abscess.
Arterial Angioplasty to Treat Hand Ischemia in a Radial‐Cephalic Fistula
Authors: Samaha Antoine , Salman Loay , Asif Arif 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA chronic hemodialysis patient was referred to interventional nephrology for evaluation of left hand pain. The patient had been receiving hemodialysis through a left radial‐cephalic arteriovenous fistula and reporting hand pain during dialysis. Physical examination demonstrated cold hand and reduced capillary refill compared with the right hand. Clinical features, differential diagnosis, and physical examination findings were consistent with the diagnosis of hand ischemia due to dialysis access. Arteriography revealed >80% stenosis of the distal ulnar artery. Percutaneous balloon angioplasty successfully dilated the lesion with resolution of symptoms. Although uncommon, patients with forearm fistula can also experience symptoms of hand ischemia. This case demonstrates that in addition to the history, clinical features, differential diagnosis, and physical examination, arteriography is a vital step in the management of patients presenting with signs and symptoms of hand ischemia. Further, employment of a basic procedure (percutaneous balloon angioplasty) can successfully resolve the condition and maintain the dialysis access.
ASDIN: Arterial Interventions in Arteriovenous Access and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Role for Interventional Nephrologists
Authors: Yevzlin Alexander S. , Schoenkerman Aaron B. , Gimelli Giorgio , Asif Arif 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed an evolution of the specialty of Nephrology in the United States to an interventional discipline. Traditionally, Interventional Nephrologists have focused on the venous side of an arteriovenous access. However, these specialists are beginning to include arterial disease related to renal patients under the purview of this specialty. Recent data have emphasized that inflow stenosis of an arteriovenous access frequently results in vascular access dysfunction. Peripheral vascular disease, resulting in distal hypoperfusion ischemia syndrome of the hand bearing the access, is similarly being recognized and managed more frequently by these experts. Two distinct entities, subclavian artery and renal artery stenosis, are also being addressed by interventional nephrologists. This article focuses on arterial interventions performed by interventional nephrologists and describes the epidemiology, techniques, and outcomes of arterial intervention as they relate to the care of patients with hemodialysis access and chronic kidney disease.
An Interesting Case: Retrograde Blood Flow from a LIMA Sustaining Hemodialysis via an AVF
Authors: Schoenkerman Aaron B. , Gimelli Giorgio , Yevzlin Alexander S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA case is described in which the inflow of a left radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula was being maintained by retrograde flow from a patent left internal mammary artery bypass graft, distal to a severe left subclavian artery stenosis. The clinical manifestations of this phenomenon were angina, lateral chest wall pain during dialysis, and distal hypoperfusion of the left hand. After stenting of the subclavian lesion, all symptoms resolved.
Depression in End‐Stage Renal Disease: Current Advances and Research
Authors: Chilcot Joseph , Wellsted David , Farrington Ken 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDepression or the presence of significant depressive symptoms remains common in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). It is thought that 20–30% of ESRD patients have significant depressive symptoms, although there are issues surrounding the assessment of depression among patients with physical illness. Screening tools may be useful in this setting to identify patients with low affect, accompanied by formal diagnostic approaches which are important to consider following a positive screen. Recent evidence highlights the impact of depression upon mortality, and its association with non‐adherence and immune parameters, work that supports past investigations. Further studies are required to better our understanding of the mechanisms behind depression in patients with ESRD identifying both psychological and clinical antecedents. A focus on the treatment of depression is now critical given the evidence that depression impacts upon outcome in ESRD. Antidepressants seem effective, but the prevalence of negative side effect profiles and drug–drug interactions suggest a role for psychotherapeutic approaches. Of these, cognitive behavioral therapy shows real promise.
Effect of Different Ceramic Surface Treatments on Resin Microtensile Bond Strength
Authors: Filho Alfredo Meyer , Vieira Luiz Clovis Cardoso , Araújo Élito , Monteiro Júnior Sylvio 
Published: September 2009

Purpose:The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the microtensile bond strength (μ‐tbs) of composite bonded to hot‐pressed ceramic. The null hypothesis tested was that neither of the surface treatments (silanization or fluoric acid etching) would produce greater bond strength of composite resin to the ceramic.
Materials and Methods:Four 7 × 7 × 5 mm hot‐pressed ceramic blocks of IPS Empress 2 were fabricated and polished to 600 grit followed by sandblasting with 50 μm alumina. The ceramic blocks were then divided into four groups and submitted to the following surface treatments: Group 1: 9.5% hydrofluoric (HF) acid for 20 seconds and silane (S) for 3 minutes; Group 2: silane for 3 minutes; Group 3: 9.5% HF acid for 20 seconds; Group 4: no treatment. Scotchbond adhesive was applied to the treated ceramic surfaces and covered with Filtek Z250 composite resin. The composite‐ceramic blocks were cut with an Isomet low speed diamond saw machine producing sticks (n = 25), which were loaded to failure under tension in an Instron Universal testing machine. The mean μ‐tbs was analyzed with one‐way ANOVA and Bonferroni “t” test.
Results:All specimens of Group 4 experienced adhesive failure during the cutting of the block and were eliminated. The mean μ‐tbs and standard deviations (SD) in megaPascals were: Group 1 = 56.8 (±10.4), Group 2 = 44.8 (±11.6), Group 3 = 35.1 (±7.7). Statistical analysis showed that the bond strength was significantly affected by surface treatment (p < 0.0001). Group 1 (HF + S) had the highest μ‐tbs, and Group 2 (S) had higher μ‐tbs than Group 3 (HF). The mode of fracture of the specimens was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and all fractures occurred within the adhesion zone.
Conclusion:The results show that surface treatment is important for resin adhesion to ceramic and suggest that silane treatment was the main factor responsible for resin bonding to ceramic.
Archipelagic Orinda? Katherine Philips and the Writing of Welsh Women’s Literary History
Authors: Prescott Sarah 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis essay engages in current debates concerning the writing of early modern women’s ‘archipelagic’ literary history with specific reference to the 17th‐century poet Katherine Philips (1632–1664), known as the ‘matchless Orinda’. Taking into account literary scholarship on both women’s writing and British studies, the essay argues that both Wales and Anglophone Welsh women writers need to be incorporated into the debate if we are to have a genuinely inclusive archipelagic picture of early modern literary practices. The essay asks in what ways Katherine Philips can be discussed as a Welsh writer in an archipelagic frame and how this reassessment might impact on how we read her poetry. Further areas of investigation opened up by taking Katherine Philips as a case study include the extent to which Anglophone and Welsh women writers can be compared in the early modern period. The conclusion raises the possibility that there may have been little contact between the two literatures of Wales as practiced by early modern women writers.
Results of breast‐conserving therapy for multifocal or multicentric breast cancers
Authors: CHIE Eui Kyu , KIM Kyubo , HAN Wonshik , NOH Dong‐Young , OH Do‐Youn , IM Seock‐Ah , KIM Tae‐You , BANG Yung‐Jue , HA Sung W 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the outcome of breast‐conserving treatment including adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with multifocal or multicentric breast cancers.Methods:  Between February 1996 and January 2002 13 patients presented with multifocal or multicentric breast tumors underwent breast‐conserving therapy. Their median age was 44 years (range; 32–56). Nine patients had T1 disease and four had T2 disease. Nodal involvement was confirmed in three patients. All patients had breast‐conserving surgery and axillary lymph node dissection with clear resection margin. Whole breast irradiation was given up to 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions followed by 10 Gy boost to tumor bed. Twelve patients received adjuvant systemic therapy: chemotherapy in four patients, hormonal therapy in five patients and both in three patients.Results:  At a median follow‐up duration of 70 months, all patients were alive without evidence of disease. The cosmetic outcome was evaluated in 11 patients. Cosmesis was excellent in two patients, good in six patients and fair in three patients.Conclusion:  Multifocal and/or multicentric breast cancers can be successfully treated with breast‐conserving surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy when complete microscopic resection and contemporary systemic therapy are given.
Communicating breast cancer treatment complication risks: When words are likely to fail
Authors: GRAHAM Peter H , MARTIN Rowena M , BROWNE Lois H 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAim:  The aim of the present study was to describe women's preferences for the quantification of the risk of a serious complication after regional nodal radiotherapy for breast cancer and women's interpretation of a range of descriptive terms.Methods:  A cross‐sectional survey was conducted to elicit risk expression preferences and interpretation of words commonly used to describe the risk or frequency of a complication. Two hundred and sixty‐two women who had experienced breast‐only radiotherapy for early breast cancer at a Sydney teaching hospital were recruited for the survey.Results:  The most preferred single method of expression of a risk is descriptive words, for example “uncommon” (52%), followed by percentages (27%) and numbers, for example 1 in 100 (21%). Lower education levels, more advanced cancer stage and older age increase the preference for descriptive words. When considering a serious complication of treatment, such as loss of the function of an arm, the modal interpretation of the descriptors “sometimes” was 1/100 (36% of women), “uncommon” was 1/1000 (35%), “very uncommon” was 1/10 000 (40%), “rare” was 1/10 000 (58%) and “very rare” was 1/10 000 (51%). However, the range of interpretations and the consistent assignment of extremely low frequencies of risk generally render descriptive words without numerical quantification inadequate for informed consent.Conclusion:  Although risks of side‐effects are often described in words such as common, uncommon and rare, qualification should be provided with numerical values to ensure better understanding of risk.
Spatial Patterns of Seed Dispersal by White‐Faced Capuchins in Costa Rica: Evaluating Distant‐Dependent Seed Mortality
Authors: Valenta Kim , Fedigan Linda M. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTSpatial patterns of seed dispersal are the focus of numerous theoretical examinations of endozoochory. Here, we examine the spatial pattern of seed dispersal by white‐faced capuchin monkeys Cebus capucinus in Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica, and the neighborhood characteristics and distance variables most closely associated with seed survival and germination, and seedling survival and growth in various locations. Overall, distance to the nearest fruiting conspecific tree has the most positive, consistent effect on growth and survival variables, which supports a variation of the Janzen–Connell seed escape hypothesis.
Bird Community Composition in a Shaded Coffee Agro‐ecological Matrix in Puebla, Mexico: The Effects of Landscape Heterogeneity at Multiple Spatial Scales
Authors: Leyequién Eurídice , de Boer W.F. , Toledo Víctor M. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTThis study examined the importance of habitat heterogeneity on the avian community composition, and investigated the scale at which species abundances respond to habitat variables. The study was conducted within a diverse landscape matrix of a shaded coffee region in Mexico. To detect at which characteristic spatial scale different species and foraging guilds respond most strongly we analyzed the effect of plot‐, patch‐ and landscape‐level variables at different spatial extent (i.e., different kilometer radii) on species composition and foraging guilds. We used redundancy analysis to identify species–environment correlations, and to identify predictor variables that best explained the bird community structure, quantified the influence of plot‐, patch‐ and landscape‐level variables on the bird community composition. In addition, we used the 4th‐corner method to detect significant relationships between the dietary guilds and plot‐, patch‐ and landscape‐level variables. We recorded 12,335 individuals of 181 bird species; 105 bird species were recorded foraging within the shaded coffee plantations. We found that plot‐ and landscape‐level variables significantly explained the bird community composition best across all scales, and were significantly correlated with the abundance of the dietary guilds. In contrast, patch‐level variables were less important. Habitat composition variables (i.e., coffee, forest and agricultural area) were among the most important predictors. Canopy structure was more important than other vegetation structure variables in explaining dietary guild structure. Hence, the maintenance of a heterogeneous landscape with a high‐quality matrix within an agro‐ecological region enhances bird conservation.