bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of coolant chemistry on corrosion of 3003 aluminum alloy in automotive cooling system
Authors: Liu Y. , Cheng Y.F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this work, effects of coolant chemistry, including concentrations of chloride ions and ethylene glycol and addition of various ions, on corrosion of 3003 Al alloy were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements and scanning electron microscopy characterization. In chloride‐free, ethylene glycol–water solution, a layer of Al‐alcohol film is proposed to form on the electrode surface. With the increase of ethylene glycol concentration, more Al‐alcohol film is formed, resulting in the increase in film resistance and charge‐transfer resistance. In the presence of Cl− ions, they would be involved in the film formation, decreasing the stability of the film. In 50% ethylene glycol–water solution, the threshold value of Cl− concentration for pitting initiation is within the range of 100 ppm to 0.01 M. When the ethylene glycol concentration increases to 70%, the threshold Cl− concentration for pitting is from 0.01 to 0.1 M. In 100% ethylene glycol, there is no pitting of 3003 Al alloy even at 0.1 M of Cl−. Even a trace amount of impurity cation could affect significantly the corrosion behavior of 3003 Al alloy in ethylene glycol–water solution. Addition of Zn2+ is capable of increasing the corrosion resistance of Al alloy electrode, while Cu2+ ions containing in the solution would enhance corrosion, especially pitting corrosion, of Al alloy. The effect of Mg2+ on Al alloy corrosion is only slight.
3D‐mappings by means of monogenic functions and their approximation
Authors: Malonek H. R. , Falcão M. I. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe consider quasi‐conformal 3D‐mappings realized by hypercomplex differentiable (monogenic) functions and their polynomial approximation. Main tools are the series development of monogenic functions in terms of hypercomplex variables and the generalization of Kantorovich's approach for approximating conformal mappings by powers of a small parameter. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Representation and sampling of Hardy functions
Authors: Boumenir Amin , Tuan Vu Kim 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe prove a new sampling formula and disprove the existence of a Shannon sampling formula for functions in the Hardy space ℋ︁2(ℝ). As a consequence, a new series representation of the Riemann zeta function in the half plane \documentclass{article}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\Re(s){>}\frac{1}{2}$\end{document} is obtained. We also provide various estimates for the truncations error. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tissue distribution of anthocyanins in rats fed a blackberry anthocyanin‐enriched diet
Authors: Felgines Catherine , Texier Odile , Garcin Pauline , Besson Catherine , Lamaison Jean‐Louis , Scalbert Augustin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAnthocyanins are natural dietary pigments that could be involved in various health effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of anthocyanins to various organs (bladder, prostate, testes, heart and adipose tissue) in rats fed with a blackberry anthocyanin‐enriched diet for 12 days. Identification and quantification of anthocyanins were carried out by HPLC‐DAD. The urinary excretion of total anthocyanins (native anthocyanins and their metabolites) was low (0.20 ± 0.03%, n = 8). Proportions of anthocyanin derivatives (methylated anthocyanins and glucurono‐conjugated derivatives) differed according to the organ considered. The bladder contained the highest levels of anthocyanins followed by the prostate. Prostate, testes and heart contained native cyanidin 3‐glucoside and a small proportion of cyanidin monoglucuronide. Cyanidin 3‐glucoside and methylated derivatives were present in adipose tissue. Thus, anthocyanin feeding in rats resulted in a wide distribution of anthocyanin derivatives to several organs. Identification of target tissues of anthocyanins may then help to understand the mechanisms of action of anthocyanins in vivo.
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation, cyclooxygenase enzyme and human tumor cell proliferation by compounds in herbal water
Authors: Liu Yunbao , Mulabagal Vanisree , Bowen‐Forbes Camille S. , Aviayan Rejanish , Nair Muraleedharan G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA powdered mixture of dried herbs, “Panamrutham”, is sold in India for the preparation of “herbal drinking water”. The hot water extract of this herbal mixture gave lipid peroxidation (LPO), cyclo‐oxygenase (COX‐1 and ‐2) enzyme and human tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activities between 25 and 250 μg/mL. The bioassay‐guided purification of the water extract afforded a novel compound (1), along with phenolics (2, 4, 6, and 7) and sesquiterpenoids (3 and 5). The isolates were evaluated for LPO, COX‐1 and ‐2 enzyme and human tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activities. At 25 μg/mL, compounds 1–7 inhibited LPO by 22–73% and COX‐1 and ‐2 enzymes by 3–14% and 14–74%, respectively. Compounds 5 and 6 at 25 μg/mL showed growth inhibition of colon, gastric, lung, breast and central nervous system human tumor cell lines by 60 and 67, 43 and 60, 24 and 64, 34 and 65, 6 and 27%, respectively. Compounds 2, 4 and 7 displayed weak or moderate growth inhibition of colon, gastric and breast human tumor cell lines. This is the first report on the LPO inhibitory activities of compounds 1 and 3–7 and the COX and tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activities of compounds 1, 3–5 and 7.
Protective effect of sulforaphane on indomethacin‐induced cytotoxicity via heme oxygenase‐1 expression in human intestinal Int 407 cells
Authors: Yeh Chi‐Tai , Chiu Hsiang‐Fan , Yen Gow‐Chin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSulforaphane is known to be an indirect antioxidant that acts by inducing NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)‐dependent phase II enzymes. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sulforaphane on the expression of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) in human intestinal Int 407 cells. RT‐PCR and Western blot data revealed that sulforaphane induced an increase in HO‐1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. This induction was also marked by an increase in HO‐1 activity. Actinomycin D (an RNA synthesis inhibitor) and cycloheximide (a protein synthesis inhibitor) inhibited sulforaphane‐responsive HO‐1 mRNA expression, indicating that sulforaphane is a requirement for transcription and de novo protein synthesis. Moreover, sulforaphane increased the nuclear levels of Nrf2 and increased the binding activity of nuclear proteins to the antioxidant responsive element consensus sequence. We also found that U0126, an ERK kinase inhibitor, suppressed the sulforaphane‐induced HO‐1 expression and nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Moreover, the cytoprotective effect of sulforaphane on indomethancin‐induced cytotoxicity was partially blocked by ERK and HO‐1 inhibitors, further demonstrating that sulforaphane attenuated oxidative stress through a pathway that involved ERK and HO‐1. Taken together, this study gives additional support to the possible use of sulforaphane as a dietary preventive agent against oxidative stress‐induced intestinal injury.
TheC‐glycosyl flavonoid, aspalathin, is absorbed, methylated and glucuronidated intact in humans
Authors: Courts Fraser L. , Williamson Gary 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHuman bioavailability of the flavonoid dihydrochalcones is little understood, and no evidence exists forC‐glycosyl flavonoid absorption in humans. The present study uses catechol‐O‐methyltransferase to generate methylated metabolites of aspalathin (aC‐glycosyl dihydrochalcone from rooibos tea). One of the methylated forms, both with and without glucuronidation, was detected using LC‐MS/MS in the urine of human subjects (n= 6), demonstrating that deglycosylation is not a prerequisite forC‐glycosyl flavonoid absorption. Methylation is catalysed by both intestine and liver cytosolic extracts. The results show that flavonoidC‐glycosides are methylated and glucuronidatedin vivoin an intact form in humans.
An iterative pressure‐stabilized fractional step algorithm in saturated soil dynamics
Authors: Li Xikui , Zhang Xue , Han Xianhong , Sheng D. C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper presents an iterative, incremental pressure‐stabilized fractional step algorithm for coupled hydro‐mechanical problems with mixed formulations of the displacement–pressure (u–p) model in saturated soil dynamics that allows the use of finite elements with equal low order of interpolation approximation of u and p. In comparison with the original fractional step algorithm, the distinct features of the proposed algorithm lie in its enhanced stability owing to the introduction of both an iteration procedure and a finite increment calculus (FIC) process into the algorithm. The introduction of the iterative procedure makes the velocity term satisfy the momentum conservation equation in an implicit sense and allows much larger time step sizes to be used than those limited in existing explicit and semi‐implicit versions of the algorithm. The introduction of the FIC process removes the dependence of the stability of the proposed algorithm on the time step size, as a result it allows to using the incremental version of the algorithm and evades the minimum time step size requirement presented in the existing versions of the fractional step algorithm that restricts the application of the algorithm to saturated soil dynamics problems with high frequencies.Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and improved performance of the proposed iterative pressure‐stabilized fractional step algorithm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vaso‐occlusive painful events in sickle cell disease: Impact on child well‐being
Authors: Brandow Amanda M. , Brousseau David C. , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Panepinto Julie A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis study describes how painful events affect the health‐related quality of life (HRQL) of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and determines the responsiveness of a generic HRQL measure in SCD. Our hypotheses were twofold: (1) HRQL is significantly impaired at presentation to the emergency department for a painful event and (2) PedsQL 4.0 Acute Version Generic Core Scales is responsive to change in the evolution of a painful event.ProcedureThis prospective cohort study included 57 children with SCD. HRQL was measured with the Acute Version of the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales, completed by child (self‐report) and caregiver (proxy report) at presentation and 7 days post‐discharge. Independent comparisons of HRQL scores were made between children in the study cohort and a published reference sample of children with SCD in baseline health (historical SCD controls).ResultsMedian PedsQL scores at presentation were significantly lower than historical SCD controls in all domains for child self‐report and all domains except social and school functioning in parent‐proxy. Clinically and statistically significant changes in HRQL between presentation and post‐discharge resulted in similar HRQL scores at 7 days post‐discharge to historical SCD controls.ConclusionsThe PedsQL is responsive to change; thus a useful tool to measure the impact of interventions in future SCD clinical trials. Painful events significantly diminish all domains of HRQL and this improves 7 days post‐discharge. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:92–97. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temperature‐dependent current‐voltage and lightsoaking measurements on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells with ALD‐Zn1‐xMgxO buffer layers
Authors: Pettersson J. , Platzer‐Björkman C. , Edoff M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper, lightsoaking and temperature‐dependent current‐voltage (JVT) measurements on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells with atomic layer deposited Zn1‐xMgxO buffer layers are presented. A range of Mg concentrations are used, from pure ZnO (x=0) to 26% Mg (x=0·26). Since this kind of solar cells exhibit strong metastable behaviour, lightsoaking is needed prior to the JVT‐measurements to enable fitting of these to the one‐diode model. The most prominent effect of lightsoaking cells with Mg‐rich buffer layers is an increased fill factor, while the effect on cells with pure ZnO buffer is mainly to increase Voc·. The activation energy is extracted from JVT‐measurement data by applying three different methods and the ideality factors are fitted to two different models of temperature‐dependence. A buffer layer consisting either of ZnO or Zn1‐xMgxO with a minor Mg content gives solar cells dominated by interface recombination, which probably can be related to a negative conduction band offset. A relatively high Mg content in the buffer layer (x=0·21) leads to solar cells dominated by recombination in the space charge region. The recombination is interpreted as being tunnelling‐enhanced. The situation in between these Mg concentrations is less clear. Before lightsoaking, the sample with x=0·12 has the highest efficiency of 15·3%, while after lightsoaking the sample with x=0·21 holds the best efficiency, 16·1%, exceeding the value for the CdS reference. The Jsc values of the Zn1‐xMgxO cells surpass that of the reference due to the larger bandgap of Zn1‐xMgxO compared to CdS. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unsymmetrical dyes derived from 7,8‐dihydrobenzo[c,d]furo[2,3‐f]indole
Authors: Davydenko Iryna G. , Kachkovsky Aleksei D. , Dekhtyar Marina L. , Slominskii Yurii L. , Tolmachev Aleksei I. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOn the basis of the 7,8‐dihydrobenzo[c,d]furo[2,3‐f]indole nucleus, a number of unsymmetrical carbocyanines as well as styryl dyes have been synthesized and their absorption spectra have been measured. Starting from the deviations of long‐wavelength maxima, the value of electron‐donor ability D has been estimated for the heterocycle under study and a number of dye end groups have been ranked by their electron‐donor properties. Experimental inferences are supported by the quantum chemically calculated bond length alternations and energy levels for the dyes concerned. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Artificial polymerases and molecular chaperones
Authors: Harada Akira 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCyclodextrins (CDs) were found to initiate polymerization of lactone to give polyesters with a CD ring at the end of the polymer chain in high yields only by mixing and heating with monomer without cocatalysts or solvents. CD‐tethered polyester propagates with the formation of poly‐pseudorotaxane, which is necessary to initiate further polymerization. CDs threaded onto the polymer chain are also essential for maintaining the propagating state of the polyester. By polymerizing with CD, switching the activity of the polymerization by photoisomerization was demonstrated. This polymerization system showed specific substrate recognition, releasing the products from the active site. By using the above polymerization system, β‐CD nanospheres which initiates the oligomerization of lactone were constructed. It was found that the formation of poly‐pseudorotaxane on the nanosphere enabled further polymerization activity for lactone. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4469–4481, 2009
Synthesis of quaternary ammonium ion‐grafted polyolefins via activation of inert CH bonds and nitroxide mediated radical polymerization
Authors: Jo Tae Soo , Yang Meilong , Brownell Lacie V. , Bae Chulsung 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA TEMPO‐functionalized isotactic poly(1‐butene) macroinitiator was synthesized via rhodium‐catalyzed activation of the alkane CH bonds in polyolefin side chain using a boron reagent and subsequent transformations of the boronate ester group in the polymer. These functionalization processes did not induce cross‐linking or degradation of the polymer chains. Nitroxide mediated radical polymerization of dipropyl(4‐vinylphenyl)amine with the macroinitiator produced high‐molecular weight amine‐grafted copolymers of the polyolefin. Adjusting the ratio of polar monomer concentration to macroinitiator concentration controlled the concentrations of amine blocks in the graft copolymers up to 10 mol %. Quaternization of the amine‐grafted copolymers with methyl triflate generated ammonium ion blocks along the side chain of the graft copolymers. A systematic decrease of contact angle in a series of ammonium ion‐grafted copolymers was observed through water contact angle measurements, suggesting that the graft polymerization and the quaternization led to increased hydrophilicity in the polymers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4519–4531, 2009
Spectroscopic analysis and kinetics of intermolecular hydrogen bond formation in poly‐pyridobisimidazole (M5) fiber
Authors: Leal A. Andres , Deitzel Joseph M. , McKnight Steven H. , Gillespie John W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPoly‐pyridobisimiazole (M5) single filaments subjected to varying degrees of heat treatment have been analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy in transmission mode to detect changes in the state of intermolecular hydrogen bonding as a function of fiber annealing conditions. The FTIR absorbance bands associated with hydrogen bonding in M5 fiber have been identified, and the integrated molar absorption coefficients for the bands of interest have been determined experimentally, which allows to quantify the concentration of NH vibration groups hydrogen‐bonded (H‐bonded) to water molecules, and the concentration of NH vibration groups H‐bonded to adjacent polymer chains in the fiber. A dual mechanism kinetic rate expression is used to describe intermolecular H‐bond formation in M5 fiber as a function of annealing conditions, from which an activation energy for H‐bond formation of 14.8 kJ/mol is obtained. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1809–1824, 2009
Clay dispersibility and mechanical property of the epoxy/clay nanocomposites prepared by different treatment methods
Authors: Harada Miyuki , Miyamoto Takeharu , Ochi Mitsukazu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe bisphenol‐A type epoxy resin was combined with layered clays. Three types of epoxy/clay nanocomposites were prepared by different clay pretreatment methods, that is, the slurry (clay swelling with polar solvent), organo, and solubilization (organoclay swelling with polar solvent) methods. The organo and solubilization systems showed good dispersibility. The basal spacing of the layered clays in the obtained nanocomposites was evaluated by XRD and TEM observations. The basal spacing of the nanoclay in the solubilization system drastically increased. The mechanical properties were improved with the increase in the clay dispersion. A high modulus and fracture toughness were obtained by improvement of the clay dispersion into the matrix. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1753–1761, 2009
Ethylene–acrylic acid copolymer induced electrical conductivity improvements and dynamic rheological behavior changes of polypropylene/carbon black composites
Authors: Chen Guangshun , Yang Bo , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe experimental data reveal that the addition of ethylene–acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) into carbon black (CB)/polypropylene (PP) composites can improve the electrical conductivity of CB/PP composites by two to six orders of magnitude at a comparatively low CB content (φ), and when φ = 2.5 vol %, 60/40 of PP/EAA is an optimum for electrical conductivity improvement. The dynamic rheological data show that with increasing φ there are apparent rheological percolations for CB/PP composites. A modified Kerner–Nielson equation can be used to describe the correlation between electrical percolation and dynamic viscoelastic percolation. The addition of EAA into CB/PP composites leads to apparent changes in dynamic rheological behaviors. When φ = 2.5 vol %, a rheological percolation appears in CB/PP/EAA (CPE) composites with increasing EAA content. The similar rheological behaviors correspond to the similar morphological structures for CPE composites with φ = 5.0 vol %. The appearance of bumps in the van‐Gurp–Palmen plots corresponds to the formation of network structure in CB/PP and CPE composites, and the more perfect the networks, the higher the amplitude of the bumps. All data indicate that the van‐Gurp–Palmen plot is sensitive to the formation of filler particle networks or cocontinuous phase which spans the whole composite. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1762–1771, 2009
Enhanced emission from Alq3 in PVK/Alq3 blend films based on resonance energy transfer
Authors: Kong F. , Liu J. , Li X. F. , An Y. , Qiu T. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this study, we present the optical properties of the poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) films doped with tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3). It has been found that the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the PVK film overlaps well with the absorption band of Alq3. When excited at the absorption maximum of PVK, the doped PVK films show enhanced emissions from the Alq3 component. The PL enhancement is considered to be due to energy transfer from PVK to Alq3 in the doped PVK films by analyzing the PL, PL excitation, and time‐resolved fluorescence spectra. The energy transfer efficiency is increased with increasing the concentration of Alq3 in the doped PVK film according to time‐resolved fluorescence spectra. The energy transfer process has been discussed according to the Förster mechanism. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1772–1777, 2009
Behavior of pressure dependence of melting temperatures in aromatic polyesters: Influence of polymer structure
Authors: Rohindra David R. , Tanaka Masakazu , Kuboyama Keiichi , Ougizawa Toshiaki 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe thermal behavior of three aromatic polyesters in a homologous series, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) was studied under hydrostatic pressure up to 200 MPa by using a high pressure differential thermal analysis apparatus. Confining fluid high pressure dilatometer was used to establish the volume–temperature curves (in both solid and liquid regions) from which volume change on melting of these polyesters at atmospheric pressure was determined. Single endothermic peak was seen for PET and PTT, whereas PBT showed double peaks above 50 MPa. Pressure coefficient of melting temperature at atmospheric pressure (dTm/dp(0)), was obtained from the quadratic fit. The dTm/dp(0) for PTT was newly determined to be 0.445 KMPa−1, whereas for PET and PBT were 0.503 and 0.455 KMPa−1, respectively, comparable to reported values. The dTm/dp(0) exhibited the odd‐even behavior corresponding to odd and even number of methylene groups in the repeat unit. Enthalpy and entropy of fusion had the most influence on this coefficient. Entropy related to conformational and volume change were evaluated and the former was found to have a significant impact on the value of dTm/dp(0). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1799–1808, 2009
The structure of a putative S‐formylglutathione hydrolase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: van Straaten Karin E. , Gonzalez Claudio F. , Valladares Ricardo B. , Xu Xiaohui , Savchenko Alexei V. , Sanders David A. R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe structure of the Atu1476 protein from Agrobacterium tumefaciens was determined at 2 Å resolution. The crystal structure and biochemical characterization of this enzyme support the conclusion that this protein is an S‐formylglutathione hydrolase (AtuSFGH). The three‐dimensional structure of AtuSFGH contains the α/β hydrolase fold topology and exists as a homo‐dimer. Contacts between the two monomers in the dimer are formed both by hydrogen bonds and salt bridges. Biochemical characterization reveals that AtuSFGH hydrolyzes CO bonds with high affinity toward short to medium chain esters, unlike the other known SFGHs which have greater affinity toward shorter chained esters. A potential role for Cys54 in regulation of enzyme activity through S‐glutathionylation is also proposed.