bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy for management of basal cell carcinomas in patients with basal cell nevus syndrome improves patient’s satisfaction and reduces the need for surgical procedures
Authors: Pauwels C. , Mazereeuw‐Hautier J. , Basset‐Seguin N. , Livideanu C. , Viraben R. , Paul C. , Meyer N. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground  In basal cell nevus syndrome, basal cell carcinomas occur in early life. The treatment of basal cell carcinomas requires surgical excisions and may lead to unaesthetic scars. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a validated treatment of skin cancers, with good cosmetic outcomes.Objectives  The aim of the study was to evaluate patient’s satisfaction, cosmetic outcome and number of surgical excisions before and after PDT, in patients with basal cell nevus syndrome treated with PDT.Methods  A cross‐sectional evaluation of all patients with basal cell nevus syndrome, treated with PDT for basal cell carcinomas. A questionnaire evaluated satisfaction, cosmetic outcomes for surgery and PDT. The number of surgeries before and after PDT was noted and efficacy was evaluated.Results  Seven patients were evaluated; 85% of patients were satisfied with PDT vs. 55% for surgery. The average visual analogue score for the cosmetic result was 8.42/10 for PDT vs. 6.3/10 for surgery. The mean number of surgical excisions was 4.4 during the 6 months before the first session of PDT and 0.57 after.Conclusion  Methylaminolevulinate‐photodynamic therapy seems an interesting option for the treatment of basal cell carcinomas in patients with basal cell nevus syndrome.
Acne fulminans: explosive systemic form of acne
Authors: Zaba R , Schwartz RA , Jarmuda S , Czarnecka–Operacz M , Silny W 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAcne fulminans (AF) is a rare severe form of acne vulgaris associated with systemic symptoms. It primarily affects male adolescents. Although the aetiology of AF remains unknown, many theories have been advanced to explain it. There have been reported associations with increased androgens, autoimmune complex disease and genetic pre‐disposition. The disease is destructive, with the acute onset of painful, ulcerative nodules on the face, chest and back. The associated systemic manifestations such as fever, weight loss and musculoskeletal pain are usually present at the onset. The patients are febrile, with leucocytosis and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. They may require several weeks of hospitalization. The treatment of AF has been challenging; the response to traditional acne therapies is poor. The recommended treatment is aggressive and consists of a combination of oral steroids and isotretinoin. To avoid the relapses, duration of such treatment should not be less than 3–5 months. Although the prognosis for patients treated appropriately is good, these acute inflammatory nodules often heal with residual scarring.
Metabolic syndrome in Tunisian psoriatic patients: prevalence and determinants
Authors: Mebazaa A , El Asmi M , Zidi W , Zayani Y , Cheikh Rouhou R , El Ounifi S , Kanoun F , Mokni M , Osman A Ben , Feki M , Slimane H , Mebazaa A , Kaabachi N 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground  A significant association between psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been frequently reported.Objective  The aim of this study was to specify the main factors that determine the MetS in psoriatic Tunisian patients.Methods  A case–control study has included 164 psoriatic patients and 216 controls.Results  The prevalence of MetS was higher in cases than in controls but without statistical differences [35.5% vs. 30.8%, odds ratio (OR): 1.39 CI: 0.88–2.18; P = 0.095]. According to gender, the prevalence of MetS was significantly increased only in psoriatic women (47.4% vs. 30%, OR: 1.89, CI: 1.11–3.21; P = 0.01). A multiple logistic regression, considering the effect of age, and gender, showed that the prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in cases than in controls (OR: 1.73, CI: 1.06–2.82; P = 0.03). MetS components analysed seperately showed a significantly higher prevalence of decreased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) (60.9% vs. 35.9%, OR: 2.77, CI: 1.8–4.27, P < 0.001) and for increased hypertension (50% vs. 40%, OR: 1.48, CI: 0.97–2.257, P = 0.04) in psoriatic patients. According to gender, HDLc was significantly decreased in both genders (male: OR: 2.075, CI: 1.24–3.47, P = 0.004; female: OR: 3.58, CI: 2.07–6.19, P < 0.0001), while hypertension was increased only in psoriatic men (OR: 2.09, CI: 1.24–3.51, P = 0.004) and abdominal obesity only in psoriatic women (OR: 2.31, CI: 1.30–4.11, P = 0.002).Conclusion  Decreased HDLc is the main biological abnormality that characterized MetS in Tunisian psoriatic patients. Moreover, contrary to men, psoriatic women have shown a significantly higher prevalence of MetS, which is, in addition to decreased HDLc, mainly attributed to abdominal obesity.
A first prospective randomized controlled trial on the efficacy and safety of synchronous balneophototherapy vs. narrow‐band UVB monotherapy for atopic dermatitis
Authors: Heinlin J. , Schiffner‐Rohe J. , Schiffner R. , Einsele‐Krämer B. , Landthaler M. , Klein A. , Zeman F. , Stolz W. , Karrer S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground  Data from an uncontrolled trial suggest synchronous balneophototherapy (sBPT), which simulates treatment conditions at the Dead Sea, to be effective in the management of atopic dermatitis (AD).Objectives  The purpose of this prospective randomized controlled study was to compare the efficacy and safety of sBPT with narrow‐band (NB) UVB monotherapy (PT) for AD.Methods  In this phase III multicentre trial, 180 patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD were allocated to two groups in a 1 : 1 ratio; group 1 received sBPT consisting of NB UVB treatment and synchronous bathing in 10% Dead Sea salt solution, group 2 monotherapy with UVB 311 nm. The confirmatory study design consisted of up to 35 treatment sessions. Primary endpoint, analysed on an intention‐to‐treat‐basis (n = 169), was the relative improvement of the severity SCORing of the Atopic Dermatitis Index (SCORAD) from baseline to the end of treatment (35 sessions or early cure). Sample‐size calculation aimed at establishing at least 15% superiority.Results  SCORing of the Atopic Dermatitis Index at baseline was comparable between sBPT (61.8 ± 14.1) and PT (61.5 ± 12.4) group. At the end of therapy, a clinically relevant and statistically significant difference of 26.2% could be shown (P < 0.001). Exploratory testing showed statistically significant superiority of sBPT after 6 months. Mild adverse events more frequently occurred in the sBPT group (n = 46, PT: n = 31), whereas more patients withdrew early because of adverse events in the PT group (n = 6, sBPT: n = 2).Conclusions  A clear advantage of sBPT in comparison to PT was proven. Tolerability was comparable; both treatments showed to be safe.
Black Swans, New Nostradamuses, Voodoo decision theories, and the science of decision making in the face of severe uncertainty
Authors: Sniedovich Moshe 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe recent global financial crisis, natural disasters, and ongoing debate on global warming and climate change are a stark reminder of the huge challenges that severe uncertainty presents in decision and policy making. My objective in this paper is to look at some of the issues that need to be taken into account in the modeling and analysis of decision problems that are subject to severe uncertainty, paying special attention to some of the misconceptions that are being promulgated in this area. I also examine two diametrically opposed approaches to uncertainty. One, that emphasizes that the difficulties encountered in the modeling, analysis, and solution of decision problems in the face of severe uncertainty are in fact insurmountable, and another that claims to provide, against all odds, a reliable strategy for a successful handling of situations subject to severe uncertainty.
The History of Children in Australia: An Interdisciplinary Historiography
Authors: Pascoe Carla 
Published: October 2010

AbstractChildren have long been shadowy or forgotten figures within historical narratives. It was not until the second half of the twentieth century that a critical historiography of children and childhood emerged. In the Australian context, histories of young people were not published until the 1980s. Whilst the historiography of the child is now a burgeoning field, it has been haunted by two major challenges: a lack of sources authored by children themselves; and a tendency amongst adult scholars to romanticise children. This article situates the Australian historiography of children within an international context. Given the difficulties of reconstructing the lives of children in the past, it argues for an interdisciplinary approach, drawing upon the insights of folklore, material culture, geography and oral history.
Good Campers: The History of Australian War Reporting
Authors: Anderson Fay 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWhen the Chief of British Intelligence told Australia’s First Official War Correspondent, C.E.W Bean in October 1914 that war reporters were a ‘dying profession’, Bean recorded in his diary that on the contrary, he thought it was the beginning of a new era. Bean proved prescient. Since 1863 Australia has had over 750 journalists, photographers and cinematographers covering international conflicts. Despite this tradition, the history of Australian conflict reporting has been neglected by historians. This article will provide an overview of the Australian historiography and the corresponding scholarship in the US and UK. It will also consider seminal issues such as censorship, the mythology and self‐mythology surrounding war reporting, media power and the Anzac legend.
A multidisciplinary “think tank”: the top 10 clinical trial opportunities in transfusion medicine from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute–sponsored 2009 state‐of‐the‐science symposium
Authors: Josephson Cassandra D. , Glynn Simone A. , Kleinman Steve H. , Blajchman Morris A. 
Published: October 2010

BACKGROUND: In September 2009, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened the State‐of‐the‐Science Symposium in Transfusion Medicine to identify Phase II and/or III clinical trials that would provide important information to advance transfusion medicine.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Seven multidisciplinary subcommittees developed proposals in the following areas: 1) platelet (PLT) product use, 2) neonatal and/or pediatric transfusion practice, 3) surgical transfusion practice, 4) intensive care unit and/or in trauma transfusion practice, 5) plasma and/or cryoprecipitate product use and therapeutic apheresis practice, 6) red blood cell (RBC) product use and/or blood conservation management, and 7) medical transfusion practice or blood donor studies. The committees consisted of transfusion medicine specialists, hematologists, cardiovascular surgeons, anesthesiologists, neonatologists, critical care physicians, and clinical trial methodologists. Proposals were presented and an external panel evaluated and prioritized each concept for scientific merit, clinical importance, and feasibility.RESULTS: Twenty‐four concepts were presented by the subcommittees. Ten concepts addressed four areas deemed most important: 1) PLT transfusion strategies to prevent and/or mitigate bleeding in neonates and patients with hematologic malignancies, 2) RBC transfusion trigger strategies to improve overall outcomes in different patient populations, 3) evaluation of optimal plasma:PLT:RBC ratios in trauma resuscitation, and 4) pathogen inactivation of PLTs to improve PLT transfusion safety.CONCLUSIONS: The proposal themes not only represent inquiries about the indications for transfusion, but also epitomize the lack of consensus when clinical practice lacks a strong evidence base. Ultimately, the purpose of this publication is to provide a “blueprint” of ideas for further development rather than endorse any one specific clinical trial design.
Reduction in plasma transfusion after enforcement of transfusion guidelines (CME)
Authors: Tavares Maria , DiQuattro Pamela , Nolette Norma , Conti Gina , Sweeney Joseph 
Published: October 2010

BACKGROUND:The majority of fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) is transfused in the United States in the management of acquired bleeding disorders. The prothrombin time (PT), and its derivative the international normalized ratio (INR), is the most common test used to detect the presence and gauge the severity of these disorders. Observation studies have shown that the PT correlates poorly with clinical bleeding and that transfusion of plasma often achieves no measurable change in the INR nor is of any known clinical benefit.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:Data on FFP and red blood cell transfusions and measures of hospital activity and mortality were collected over a 12‐year period. The first 3 years were baseline years, the next 3 years were physician education years, and in the last 6 years all requests for FFP were screened. Orders were discouraged if the INR was less than 2.0 in the absence of active bleeding and the use of vitamin K was encouraged if the patient was taking warfarin.RESULTS:This program ultimately resulted in an approximate 80% reduction in transfused FFP using the average of the baseline years compared to the average of the last 3 years (157 ± 19 units FFP/1000 discharges vs. 30 ± 15, p < 0.01, respectively). Overall, hospital activity remained largely unchanged or increased. No unexpected bleeding was reported, which was attributed to a failure to transfuse FFP, and inpatient mortality rate decreased during these 12 years.CONCLUSIONS:A program of engagement and interdiction using evidence‐based guidelines can successfully decrease the use of FFP without any observable increase in unexpected bleeding.
Women Receiving News of a Family BRCA1/2 Mutation: Messages of Fear and Empowerment
Authors: Crotser Cheryl B. , Dickerson Suzanne S. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract Purpose: Communication of genetic test results to healthy at‐risk family members is complicated considering family dynamics and the complexity of cancer genetics. The purpose of this study was to understand the experience of family communication of BRCA1/2 results from the perspective of young and middle‐aged women receiving the news. Theoretical Rationale: Individuals are self‐interpretive beings influenced by family culture, history, and communication patterns. Humans express meaning through language and stories. Methods: Heideggerian hermeneutics guided in‐depth interviews and team interpretation of data. Using purposive and network sampling, 19 women 18 to 50 years of age who received news of a family BRCA1/2 mutation from a biologic relative were recruited from support groups and two health facilities in upstate New York. Findings: Five themes emerged: (a) situating the story, (b) receiving the message from family, (c) responding to receipt of the message, (d) impacting family communication, and (e) advice for communicating risk. Two constitutive patterns were identified: (a) communicating risk as a message of fear and empowerment and (b) integrating the message by taking one step at a time. Conclusions/Implications: Healthcare professionals (HCPs) have an important role in provision of anticipatory guidance for communication of genetic test results, including the potential behavioral and emotional responses to family risk communication. Future research is indicated to understand the role of HCPs in family risk communication. Clinical Relevance: Presentation of comprehensive and balanced information and the use of patient‐centered communication is essential. HCPs need to view women as whole rather than as a person at risk. Continued support is needed for women who subsequently test positive or negative for the family BRCA1/2 mutation from HCPs and others, often outside the family network.
Orthodontic Treatment of a Congenitally Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisor
Authors: PARK JAE HYUN , OKADAKAGE SAKIKO , SATO YASUMORI , AKAMATSU YUTAKA , TAI KIYOSHI 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTClinicians agree that, regardless of gender or race, tooth agenesis has become more prominent in recent societies. The congenital absence of one or more maxillary lateral incisors poses a challenge to effective treatment planning for the restorative dentist. However, the one‐sided orthodontic approach of just moving canines mesially to eliminate restorative procedures leads to compromise. Adult patients presenting with malocclusions, missing lateral incisors, or anterior crowding but who fail to get proper orthodontic treatment, requesting instead esthetic solutions that do not establish a stable occlusion, proper alignment, and proper axial inclination of the teeth will have compromised esthetic and periodontal results. An evaluation of anterior smile esthetics must include both static and dynamic evaluations of frontal and profile views to optimize both dental and facial appearance. This article presents how orthodontics is combined with other specialties in treating a congenitally missing lateral incisor. One case is used to illustrate how orthodontic treatment is progressed in collaboration with other specialists.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEPatients with missing teeth, crowding, midline deviation, unesthetic gingival contours, or other restorative needs may require the interaction between various specialists. For the successful treatment of orthodontic‐restorative patients, an interdisciplinary team effort is vital.(J Esthet Restor Dent 22:297–313, 2010)
Effect of Artificial Aging on the Roughness and Microhardness of Sealed Composites
Authors: CATELAN ANDERSON , BRISO ANDRÉ L.F. , SUNDFELD RENATO H. , DOS SANTOS PAULO H. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTStatement of the Problem:  The application of surface sealant could improve the surface quality and success of composite restorations; however, it is important to assess the behavior of this material when subjected to aging procedures.Purpose:  To evaluate the effect of artificial aging on the surface roughness and microhardness of sealed microhybrids and nanofilled composites.Materials and Methods:  One hundred disc‐shaped specimens were made for each composite. After 24 hours, all samples were polished and surface sealant was applied to 50 specimens of each composite. Surface roughness (Ra) was determined with a profilometer and Knoop microhardness was assessed with a 50‐g load for 15 seconds. Ten specimens of each group were aged during 252 hours in a UV‐accelerated aging chamber or immersed for 28 days in cola soft drink, orange juice, red wine staining solutions, or distilled water. Data were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance and Fischer's test (α = 0.05).Results:  Artificial aging decreased microhardness values for all materials, with the exceptions of Vit‐l‐escence (Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan UT, USA) and Supreme XT (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) sealed composites; surface roughness values were not altered. Water storage had less effect on microhardness, compared with the other aging processes. The sealed materials presented lower roughness and microhardness values, when compared with unsealed composites.Conclusions:  Aging methods decreased the microhardness values of a number of composites, with the exception of some sealed composites, but did not alter the surface roughness of the materials.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe long‐term maintenance of the surface quality of materials is fundamental to improving the longevity of esthetic restorations. In this manner, the use of surface sealants could be an important step in the restorative procedure using resin‐based materials.(J Esthet Restor Dent 22:324–331, 2010)
Transitions in Nabokov Studies
Authors: Norman Will 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article maps recent transitions in Nabokov Studies and places them in the context of the history of the field as it has developed since the 1960s. While many critics have allowed Nabokov’s own injunctions and ‘strong opinions’ to establish the parameters of their research, various scholars over the last decade have shown a willingness to transgress the rules of Nabokovian reading. From historicist approaches to Lolita as a holocaust novel, to controversial questions concerning ethics and ideology, I survey some of the best work on the author and suggest ways in which Nabokov Studies might develop in the future. In the past, many of the most radical readings of Nabokov have focused on Lolita, but the posthumous publication of The Original of Laura now invites renewed focus on the late fiction, while there remains the necessity of exploring Nabokov’s place within the contexts of modernism and of world literature.
The Victorian Diary: Between the Public and the Private
Authors: Millim Anne‐Marie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBy presenting a range of diaristic texts composed by canonical Victorian writers, this article illustrates the variety of forms that Victorian diaries take and shows the ways in which these documents can adopt the status of a public and a private text simultaneously. It explains the repercussions of the critical assessments of the diary genre by New Criticism and feminism, which have privileged aesthetically meritorious diaries and those of women, respectively, for the field of Victorian diary criticism. It argues that the more inclusive approach of Philippe Lejeune represents a useful alternative to interpretative strategies that are exclusively preoccupied with the literary form of a diary or the gender of its author. Many diary scholars have been influenced by Lejeune’s work because it highlights the heteroglossic diversity that is characteristic of Victorian diaries, which, in turn, allows for a clearer understanding of the subjective experience of Victorian individuals and the ways in which they negotiated their value within the cultural context of the nineteenth century.
Reviving ‘the Cavalier Poets’: Coterie Verse and the Form of the Poetic Anthology
Authors: McDowell Nicholas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this essay I introduce the impressive literary circle which formed under the patronage of the young gentleman and poet Thomas Stanley in the Inns of Court in the mid‐1640s, in the aftermath of royalist defeat in the first civil war, and suggest that a reconstruction of the activities of this coterie can help us to define a new social context for Cavalier poetry. I contend that the culture of poetic experimentation and competitiveness in the Stanley circle was a material condition for the exceptional lyric productivity and publishing activity in the late 1640s of several of those who have become known to posterity as the ‘Cavalier Poets’, especially Robert Herrick, Richard Lovelace, Alexander Brome, and James Shirley. Recognition of the intimately connected lyric output of the Stanley coterie, which is focused on translation and imitation of classical, neo‐Latin, and continental lyric, might help us to revive the study of ‘Cavalier’ poetry by identifying it with the efforts of Stanley and his friends to expand English lyric capability at a time when the future of English letters looked to them to be under threat. This insight into coterie poetics might also encourage us to rethink how we put together an anthology of early modern verse.