bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of maternal post‐partum depression on the language development of children at 12 months
Authors: Quevedo L. A. , Silva R. A. , Godoy R. , Jansen K. , Matos M. B. , Tavares Pinheiro K. A. , Pinheiro R. T. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground  Language is one of the most important acquisitions made during childhood. Before verbal language, a child develops a range of skills and behaviours that allow the child to acquire all communication skills. Factors such as environmental factors, socio‐economic status and interaction with parents can affect the acquisition of vocabulary in children. Post‐partum depression can negatively affect the first interactions with the child and, consequently, the emotional, social and cognitive development of the child.Objective  To analyse the effect of the duration of the mother's depression on the language development of children at 12 months old.Methods  This was a longitudinal study. The participants of this study were mothers who had received prenatal care from the Brazilian National System of Public Health in Pelotas city, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The mothers were interviewed at two different time points: from 30 to 90 days after delivery and at 12 months after delivery; the children were also evaluated at this later time point. To diagnose maternal depression, we used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and to assess child development, we used the language scale of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III.Results  We followed 296 dyads. Maternal depression at both time points (post partum and at 12 months) was significantly associated with the language development of infants at 12 months of age. This impact was accentuated when related to the duration of the disorder. Older women and women with more than two children were more likely to have children with poorer language development, while women who were the primary caregiver had children with higher scores on the language test.Conclusion  The findings indicate that maternal age, parity, primary caregiver status and duration of post‐partum depression are associated with the language development of the child.
The experiences of Latino siblings of children with developmental disabilities
Authors: Kao B. , Romero‐Bosch L. , Plante W. , Lobato D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective  This qualitative study explored the experiences of Latino siblings of children with developmental disabilities.Methods  Parents and typically developing siblings from 15 Latino families with a child with a developmental disability participated in separate interviews.Results  Using consensual qualitative research methodology, domains reflecting siblings' relationships, emotional experiences and communication about the disability were identified. The child's need for caregiving was a prominent topic in the sibling and parent narratives. Parents reported concerns about siblings' experience of differential treatment, whereas siblings reported concerns about restricted social activities because of their brother/sister.Conclusions  Including multiple informants revealed commonalities and differences in parents' and siblings' perspectives on the impact of a child's disability. The importance of considering sibling adaptation in sociocultural context is discussed.
Premature ejaculation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Tarhan F. , Tarhan H. , Karaoğullarından U. , Can E. , Divrik T. , Zorlu F. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryWe aimed to evaluate the premature ejaculation (PE) among ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. Fifty male patients with AS who were diagnosed according to the modified New York criteria and fifty normal healthy controls (NHC) were included in this study. The details of patient age, disease duration, morning stiffness, laboratory activity, disease severity and medication use were obtained by reviewing the medical record. The Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI) was used to measure the functional status of the patients with AS. By taking a careful medical and sexual history, patients were classified as lifelong, natural variable, acquired PE or premature ejaculatory dysfunction. In addition to medical and sexual history, self‐estimated intravaginal ejaculatory latency times (IELT) of patients were used in the classification of patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study of frequency of PE in men with AS. The prevalence rates of PE in patient and healthy controls were 32 and 30%, respectively (p = 0.331). The prevalence of PE was not significantly different between AS patients and NHC groups as regards the four PE syndromes. Average estimated IELT was 10 009 ± 51.9 sec in the PE group and 145.26 ± 43.01 sec in the non‐PE group (p = 0.000). Patients with lifelong PE had a significantly lower mean estimated IELT than the other group (p = 0.000). Patients with premature‐like ejaculatory dysfunction had the highest estimated IELT (p = 0.000). There was a significant association between self‐estimated IELT and distribution of the patients according to the four PE syndromes (p = 0.01). Both AS patients and NHC groups have the same results. The present study demonstrates that PE in men with AS is as prevalent as it is in the general population. Although this study is restricted in terms of the number of patients, it is the first study ever conducted. For more meaningful results, multi centred studies with more patients are required.
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of State Self‐Esteem Scale: an analysis of data from a cross‐sectional survey of patients in the first four months after stroke
Authors: Chau Janita PC , Thompson David R , Chang Anne M , Woo Jean 
Published: June 2011

Aim.  To establish the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the State Self‐Esteem Scale in stroke patients.Background.  Self‐esteem is seen to enhance peoples’ ability to cope with disease: low self‐esteem may inhibit participation in rehabilitation and thus result in poor health and social outcomes. Although the Chinese version of the State Self‐Esteem Scale has been used as an outcome measure for stroke rehabilitation, no study has examined its factor structure in this patient group.Design.  A cross‐sectional design.Methods.  A convenience sample of 265 Chinese stroke patients (mean age 71·4, SD 10·3 years), with a minimum score of 18 out of a possible 30 for the Mini Mental State Exam recruited from two regional rehabilitation hospitals in Hong Kong. An exploratory factor analysis and an internal consistency analysis of the State Self‐Esteem Scale were conducted. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated between the State Self‐Esteem Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale to determine convergent validity.Results.  The final factor solution comprised a three‐factor model with correlated constructs and accounted for 49·5% of the total variance. Significant negative correlations were found between the Geriatric Depression Scale and the State Self‐Esteem Scale subscale scores (r−0·31 to −0·55, p < 0·01), indicating that the State Self‐Esteem Scale had acceptable convergent validity. The new three‐factor structure had higher Cronbach’s alphas when compared with the original three‐factor structure.Relevance to clinical practice.  The State Self‐Esteem Scale appears to be a useful measure for assessing state self‐esteem in stroke patients. To establish the concurrent, discriminative and construct validities, the factor structure of the SSES could be further developed and tested.
A substrate translocation trajectory in a cytoplasm‐facing topological model of the monocarboxylate/H+ symporter Jen1p
Authors: Soares‐Silva Isabel , Sá‐Pessoa Joana , Myrianthopoulos Vassilios , Mikros Emmanuel , Casal Margarida , Diallinas George 
Published: June 2011

SummaryPrevious mutational analysis of Jen1p, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae monocarboxylate/H+ symporter of the Major Facilitator Superfamily, has suggested that the consensus sequence 379NXX[S/T]HX[S/T]QD387 in transmembrane segment VII (TMS‐VII) is part of the substrate translocation pathway. Here, we rationally design, analyse and show that several novel mutations in TMS‐V and TMS‐XI directly modify Jen1p function. Among the residues studied, F270 (TMS‐V) and Q498 (TMS‐XI) are critical specificity determinants for the distinction of mono‐ from dicarboxylates, and N501 (TMS‐XI) is a critical residue for function. Using a model created on the basis of Jen1p similarity with the GlpT permease, we show that all polar residues critical for function within TMS‐VII and TMS‐XI (N379, H383, D387, Q498, N501) are perfectly aligned in an imaginary axis that lies parallel to the protein pore. This model and subsequent mutational analysis further reveal that an additional polar residue facing the pore, R188 (TMS‐II), is irreplaceable for function. Our model also justifies the role of F270 and Q498 in substrate specificity. Finally, docking calculations reveal a ‘trajectory‐like’ substrate displacement within the Jen1p pore, where R188 plays a major dynamic role mediating the orderly relocation of the substrate by subsequent H‐bond interactions involving itself and residues H383, N501 and Q498.
Aural carcinoma with chondroid metaplasia at metastatic sites in a dog
Authors: Romanucci Mariarita , Malatesta Daniela , Marinelli Alessia , Di Lorenzo Pierluigi , Della Salda Leonardo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA case of aural carcinoma with chondroid metaplasia at metastatic foci in an 8‐year‐old male pug is described. Multiple metastases in both lungs and the right submandibular, parotid, retropharyngeal, cervical and prescapular lymph nodes were detected. Histologically, the skin of the right ear canal appeared to be diffusely infiltrated by cords and nests of neoplastic epithelial cells, showing multifocal contiguity with the overlying hyperplastic squamous epithelium. Most of the carcinomatous cells were arranged in a glandular‐like pattern, with formation of lumens containing epithelial cells attached to the peripheral cell layer by elongated intercellular bridges. Scattered foci of keratinization with central accumulations of compact, laminated keratin were also observed, and histochemical stains failed to detect mucinous secretory material. Even though histological and histochemical findings were compatible with a diagnosis of acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma, CAM5.2 immunostaining was detectable in the majority, although not all, neoplastic cells, confirming a diagnosis of poorly differentiated ceruminous gland carcinoma. Pulmonary metastatic nodules revealed multifocal areas of cartilaginous metaplasia with apparent transition of carcinomatous cells to chondroid cells, showing nuclear atypia and focal cytokeratin immunostaining. Carcinomatous cells surrounding chondroid areas also revealed focal vimentin and S100 immunoreactivity. Histological evidence of transition between the two components, as well as the presence of intermediate cells displaying both epithelial and mesenchymal immunohistochemical features, strongly indicated a final diagnosis of carcinosarcoma, in which chondrosarcomatous elements were derived from carcinoma cells.
Production performance, stress tolerance and intestinal integrity of sunshine bass fed increasing levels of soybean meal
Authors: Laporte J. , Trushenski J. 
Published: June 2011

SummarySoybean meal (SBM) is perhaps the most common fish meal (FM) alternative used in aquafeeds; however, SBM cannot fully replace FM in sunshine bass Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis feeds without impacting growth. Reduced production performance may be the result of subtle changes in morphology and/or physiological status. Accordingly, our objective was to assess growth, gastrointestinal integrity and stress tolerance of sunshine bass fed increasing amounts of SBM. Fish (approximately 14.5 g) were fed diets (14% lipid and 40% protein) containing increasing amounts of SBM at the expense of FM (30% FM, 20% FM, 15% FM, 10% FM, 5% FM and 0% FM) for 8 weeks. As expected, complete replacement of FM reduced growth. Although some signs of enteritis were noted, no significant differences in gut integrity were observed. Following 15‐min low‐water stress challenge, plasma glucose levels were elevated, particularly among fish fed increasing amounts of SBM. Cortisol response was similar, but statistical differences were not resolved for this parameter. Completely replacing FM in feeds for sunshine bass elicits overt reductions in growth. More subtle physiological changes may also result from FM replacement, including alterations in stress tolerance, and these may be important to consider in terms of the suitability of aquafeed formulations and optimal nutrition of sunshine bass.
Effect of a rumen‐protected conjugated linoleic acid mixture on hepatic lipid metabolism in heifers
Authors: Shibani M. , Schlegel G. , Most E. , Schwarz F. J. , Ringseis R. , Eder K. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThis study was performed to assess the effects of rumen‐protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on hepatic lipid metabolism in heifers. In particular, it was of interest whether feeding CLA causes development of fatty liver as observed recently in mice. Thirty‐six growing heifers with an initial body weight of 185 kg were allotted to three treatment groups and fed daily 250 g of different rumen‐protected fats for 16 weeks: The control group received 250 g of a CLA‐free control fat, the CLA100 group received 100 g of a CLA fat containing 2.4% of cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA and 2.1% of trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA and 150 g control fat and the CLA250 group received 250 g of the CLA fat. CLA supplementation had no effect on animal performance parameters, liver weight and hepatic triglyceride concentration. Moreover, mRNA expression of hepatic genes involved in lipogenesis, β‐oxidation and fatty acid transport was not influenced by dietary CLA. The fatty acid composition of hepatic total lipids, with particular consideration of ratios of fatty acids indicative of Δ9‐, Δ6‐ and Δ5‐desaturation, was also less influenced by dietary CLA. In conclusion, the study shows that dietary rumen‐protected CLA has less effect on hepatic lipid metabolism in young heifers and does not induce the development of a fatty liver such as in mice.
Impact of maternal age on the incidence of obstetrical complications in Japan
Authors: Matsuda Yoshio , Kawamichi Yayoi , Hayashi Kunihiko , Shiozaki Arihiro , Satoh Shoji , Saito Shigeru 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAim:  To clarify the effect of maternal age on obstetrical complications through a cohort and case‐cohort study.Methods:  We studied 242 715 births at 125 centers of a perinatal network in Japan from 2001 through 2005 as a base cohort. Women with single pregnancies who delivered after 22 weeks of gestation were included in the study. Six classes of maternal age were selected: <20; 20–24; 25–29; 30–34; 35–39; and ≥40 years. The cohort study was used to investigate whether age is related to obstetrical complications. By random selection 3749 births were determined as a subcohort. Risk ratio (RR) was determined using multivariate analysis in the case‐cohort study.Results:  The incidence proportion (per 100 births) of pregnancy‐induced hypertension, cervical insufficiency, placenta previa, and placental abruption increased with age, whereas the incidence proportion of preterm labor and chorioamnionitis were higher at younger maternal age. The RR of women in the age groups 35–39 years and ≥40 years (with the reference of 1.0 for women in the age group of 20–34 years) were determined: pregnancy‐induced hypertension, 1.66, 2.55; placenta previa, 1.76, 2.19; and placental abruption, 1.18, 1.5. The RR of preterm labor for women in the age group of <20 years was 1.78.Conclusion:  The effect of maternal age differs for each obstetrical complication, and thus, it is important to understand these differences for management of individual pregnant patients.
Valproic acid alleviates generalized hyperalgesia in mice with induced adenomyosis
Authors: Liu Xishi , Guo Sun‐Wei 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that adenomyosis, like endometriosis, may also be an epigenetic disease. In this study, we evaluated the effect of valproic acid (VPA) in ICR mice with adenomyosis, induced by neonatal dosing with tamoxifen. For all mice, we evaluated the bodyweight and the response to thermal stimuli by hotplate and tail‐flick tests 4, 8, and 12 weeks after dosing, respectively, and then treated mice with low‐ and high‐dose of VPA, progesterone (P4), P4 + VPA, or vehicle only. Three weeks after treatment, both bodyweight and thermal response tests were evaluated again before sacrifice, and the depth of myometrial infiltration was evaluated. We found that: (i) the induction of adenomyosis resulted in progressive generalized hyperalgesia as measured by hotplate and tail‐flick tests, along with decreased bodyweight; (ii) treatment with VPA, P4, or a combination was efficacious in improving generalized hyperalgesia; and (iii) drug treatment appeared to reduce the myometrial infiltration, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Thus, VPA seems to be a promising therapeutics for treating adenomyosis, as reported recently in some case series in humans.
The Wrong and the Right: A Comparative Analysis of ‘Anti-Immigration’ and ‘Far Right’ Parties
Authors: van Spanje Joost 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAcross Western Europe, parties have emerged that are both right wing and in favour of restrictions on immigration. These parties are commonly referred to in terms of either ideology (e.g. ‘far right’) or policy (‘anti-immigration’). This article compares far right parties, selected on the basis of their ideologies, and anti-immigration parties, selected based on their immigration policies. I argue and empirically demonstrate that, contrary to what the extant literature suggests, these sets of parties are not identical. I point out similarities and differences, showing why it is useful to distinguish between these two types of party. The article concludes by discussing the relevance of these differences to the relevant literature.
Pharmacist prescribing in primary care: the views of patients across Great Britain who had experienced the service
Authors: Stewart Derek C , MacLure Katie , Bond Christine M , Cunningham Scott , Diack Lesley , George Johnson , McCaig Dorothy J 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the views of patients across primary care settings in Great Britain who had experienced pharmacist prescribing.

Methods
All Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (RPSGB) prescribers (n = 1622) were invited to participate. Those consenting were asked to invite up to five consecutive patients who had experienced their prescribing to participate. Patients were mailed one questionnaire and a reminder. The questionnaire included five sections: demographics; you and your pharmacist prescriber; you and your general practitioner; your views and experiences based on your most recent pharmacist prescriber consultation; and additional views.

Key findings
Of the 482 (29.7%) pharmacists who responded, 92 (19.1%) were eligible to participate, of whom 49 (53.3%) consented. Of those excluded, 193 (49.5%) were prescribing in secondary care and 171 (43.8%) were not prescribing. Between September 2009 and March 2010, 143 patients were recruited.
Patient response rate was 73.4% (n = 105/143). Consultation settings were largely general practice (85.7%) or community pharmacy (11.4%). Attitudes were overwhelmingly positive with the vast majority agreeing/strongly agreeing that they were totally satisfied with their consultation and confident that their pharmacist prescribed as safely as their general practitioner (GP). Pharmacists were considered approachable and thorough, and most would recommend consulting a pharmacist prescriber. A slightly smaller majority would prefer to consult their GP if they thought their condition was getting worse and a small minority felt that there had been insufficient privacy and time for all their queries to be answered.

Conclusions
Patients were satisfied with, and confident in the skills of, pharmacist prescribers. However, the sample was small, may be biased and the findings lack generalisability.
Temporal Development of the Infant Gut Microbiota in Immunoglobulin E-Sensitized and Nonsensitized Children Determined by the GA-Map Infant Array
Authors: Vebø Heidi C. , Sekelja Monika , Nestestog Ragnhild , Storrø Ola , Johnsen Roar , Øien Torbjørn , Rudi Knut 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

At birth, the human infant gut is sterile, but it becomes fully colonized within a few days. This initial colonization process has a major impact on immune development. Our knowledge about the correlations between aberrant colonization patterns and immunological diseases, however, is limited. The aim of the present work was to develop the GA-map (Genetic Analysis microbiota array platform) infant array and to use this array to compare the temporal development of the gut microbiota in IgE-sensitized and nonsensitized children during the first 2 years of life. The GA-map infant array is composed of highly specific 16S rRNA gene-targeted single nucleotide primer extension (SNuPE) probes, which were designed based on extensive infant 16S rRNA gene sequence libraries. For the clinical screening, we analyzed 216 fecal samples collected from a cohort of 47 infants (16 sensitized and 31 nonsensitized) from 1 day to 2 years of age. The results showed that at a high taxonomic level,
Actinobacteria
was significantly overrepresented at 4 months while
Firmicutes
was significantly overrepresented at 1 year for the sensitized children. At a lower taxonomic level, for the sensitized group, we found that
Bifidobacterium longum
was significantly overrepresented at the age of 1 year and
Enterococcus
at the age of 4 months. For most phyla, however, there were consistent differences in composition between age groups, irrespective of the sensitization state. The main age patterns were a rapid decrease in staphylococci from 10 days to 4 months and a peak of bifidobacteria and bacteroides at 4 months. In conclusion, our analyses showed consistent microbiota colonization and IgE sensitization patterns that can be important for understanding both normal and diseased immunological development in infants.
Effects of Progesterone and Estradiol Sex Hormones on the Release of Microparticles by RAW 264.7 Macrophages Stimulated by Poly(I:C)
Authors: Pisetsky David S. , Spencer Diane M. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTMicroparticles (MPs) are small membrane-bound vesicles that display proinflammatory and prothrombotic properties. These particles can be released by macrophages stimulated by ligands of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in a process that depends on nitric oxide (NO) production. Since sex hormones can modulate macrophage responses, we investigated the effects of progesterone and estradiol on macrophage particle releasein vitro, comparing the responses with those induced by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. As a model system for particle release, RAW 264.7 cells were stimulatedin vitrowith poly(I:C), a ligand of TLR3. Microparticles were measured by flow cytometry, while NO was measured by the Griess reaction. As the results of these studies showed, progesterone but not estradiol can block particle release by RAW264.7 cells treated with poly(I:C); dexamethasone was also active. Furthermore, while progesterone and dexamethasone inhibited NO production under the same culture conditions, neither agent blocked the production of particles stimulated by the NO donors dipropylenetriamine NONOate {(z)-1-[N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-(3-ammoniopropyl)amino] diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate} and (z)-1-[(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl)amino] diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate. Studies using RU486 to assess the role of hormone receptors indicated that while this agent blocked the inhibition of particle and NO production by dexamethasone, it did not affect the inhibition by progesterone. Together, these results indicate that progesterone but not estradiol can inhibit particle release by stimulated macrophages and suggest a mechanism that may contribute to the immunomodulatory effects of this sex hormone.