bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in esthetic treatment needs in American Black and White adolescent orthodontic patients
Authors: Harris Edward F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective:To test whether the severity of malocclusions in adolescents who actually entered orthodontic treatment is different between the sexes, as this might explain the preponderance of girls in orthodontic practices.Materials and Methods:Severity was gauged with the 10-grade esthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) scored on the pretreatment intraoral photographs (n  =  562) in a university-based specialty program. The samples of American White (n  =  401) and American Black (n  =  161) adolescents were free of craniofacial defects. Nonparametric statistics were used for analysis.Results:There is a significant sex difference in the IOTN in White teenagers due to milder, more esthetic cases among the girls. No sex difference occurs in the sample of Blacks, with both sexes having IOTN scores on a par with White males. The severity of malocclusion is independent of the age at start of treatment (within range of 12 to 19 years).Conclusions:Greater subjective self-perceptions of occlusal issues seem to account for the preponderance of White girls in the patient pool, though why the sex difference is not evident in American Blacks is complex. We speculate that sex differences are larger in private practices, since there are fewer selection criteria for entering treatment.
Modules over group rings of soluble groups with a certain condition of maximality
Authors: Dashkova Olga 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Let A be an R
G-module, where R is an integral domain and G is a soluble group. Suppose that C
G(A) = 1 and A/C
A(G) is not a noetherian R-module. Let L
nnd(G) be the family of all subgroups H of G such that A/C
A(H) is not a noetherian R-module. In this paper we study the structure of those G for which L
nnd(G) satisfies the maximal condition.
Nonlinear Leray-Schauder alternatives and application to nonlinear problem arising in the theory of growing cell population
Authors: Amar Afif 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Motivated by a mathematical model of an age structured proliferating cell population, we state some new variants of Leray-Schauder type fixed point theorems for (ws)-compact operators. Further, we apply our results to establish some new existence and locality principles for nonlinear boundary value problem arising in the theory of growing cell population in L
1-setting. Besides, a topological structure of the set of solutions is provided.
Is anemia at admission related to short-term outcomes of elderly hip fracture patients?
Authors: Dubljanin-Raspopović Emilija , Marković-Denić Ljiljana , Nikolić Dejan , Tulić Goran , Kadija Marko , Bumbaširević Marko 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Hip fracture in elderly people is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is important to identify risk factors that potentially influence outcomes after hip surgery. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of anemia at admission and short-term outcomes after hip fracture. We studied 343 community-dwelling patients who underwent surgery for hip fracture from March 2009 to March 2010. Functional mobility at discharge, postoperative complications, hospital length of stay and in-hospital mortality were analyzed in respect to presence and severity of anemia at admission. Anemia (defined as hemoglobin levels < 13.0 g/dl for men and < 12.0g/dl for women) was present in 185 (53.9%) patients, of whom 54 (29.2%) were severely anemic (defined as hemoglobin level 10.0g/dl or below). In multivariate analysis anemia was associated with age, gender (female), type of fracture (intertrochanteric) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification (3 or 4), while severity of anemia was associated with recovery of ambulatory ability at discharge. There was no difference in the incidence of postoperative complication, in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay between the groups at discharge. Overall anemia at admission is an indicator of poor general health status. Ambulatory recovery in hip fracture patients is independently related to severity of anemia at admission.
Synergistic effects of apelin and leptin on isolated rat pulmonary arteries
Authors: Dumitriu Irina , Vata Luminita , Zugun Florin , Gurzu Bogdan 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Apelin (AP) and leptin (LEP) are adipokines with vasomotor actions. Taking into account the published data on the role of obesity in the development of pulmonary hypertension, we studied the implications of apelin on leptin relaxing effects on isolated rat pulmonary arteries. LEP had vasodilatatory effects on phenylephrine-precontracted rat pulmonary arteries from normal and ovalbumin-sensitized rats, but not on rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. AP13 pretreatment increased LEP effects by one-half. Our studies revealed the existence of synergistic favorable effects of these adipokines on pulmonary vessels.
Monitoring Dressing Activity Failures through RFID and Video
Authors: Mehta P. , Rehg J. M. , Osmani V. , Mayora O. , Matic A. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryBackground: Monitoring and evaluation of Activities of Daily Living in general, and dressing activity in particular, is an important indicator in the evaluation of the overall cognitive state of patients. In addition, the effectiveness of therapy in patients with motor impairments caused by a stroke, for example, can be measured through long-term monitoring of dressing activity. However, automatic monitoring of dressing activity has not received significant attention in the current literature.Objectives: Considering the importance of monitoring dressing activity, the main goal of this work was to investigate the possibility of recognizing dressing activities and automatically identifying common failures exhibited by patients suffering from motor or cognitive impairments.Methods: The system developed for this purpose comprised analysis of RFID (radio frequency identification) tracking and computer vision processing. Eleven test subjects, not connected to the research, were recruited and asked to perform the dressing task by choosing any combination of clothes without further assistance. Initially the test subjects performed correct dressing and then they were free to choose from a set of dressing failures identified from the current research literature.Results: The developed system was capable of automatically recognizing common dressing failures. In total, there were four dressing failures observed for upper garments and three failures for lower garments, in addition to recognizing successful dressing. The recognition rate for identified dressing failures was between 80% and 100%.Conclusions: We developed a robust system to monitor the dressing activity. Given the importance of monitoring the dressing activity as an indicator of both cognitive and motor skills the system allows for the possibility of long term tracking and continuous evaluation of the dressing task. Long term monitoring can be used in rehabilitation and cognitive skills evaluation.
Human soft tissue infection by the emerging pathogen Shewanella algae
Authors: Goyal Renu , Kaur Narinder , Thakur Rajeev 
Published: May 2011

Shewanella soft tissue infections usually occur in immunocompromised patients with a preexisting cutaneous ulcer, mostly after exposure to a marine environment or contaminated water. A 35-year-old male presented with a non-healing ulcer over the distal end of his right leg but had no predisposing factors. Cultures of exudates from the wound grew Shewanella on repeated occasions. Recovery was uneventful following surgical debridement and antimicrobial therapy. Early suspicion, diagnosis, and treatment with potent antibiotics are needed to prevent any further complications resulting from infection by this emerging pathogen.
The Accuracy of Administrative Data Diagnoses of Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: BERNATSKY SASHA , LINEHAN TINA , HANLY JOHN G. 
Published: May 2011

Objective.To examine the validity of case definitions for systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases [SARD; systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), myositis, Sjögren’s syndrome, vasculitis, and polymyalgia rheumatica] based on administrative data, compared to rheumatology records.Methods.A list of rheumatic disease diagnoses was generated from population-based administrative billing and hospitalization databases. Subjects who had been seen by an arthritis center rheumatologist were identified, and the medical records reviewed.Results.We found that 844 Nova Scotia residents had a diagnosis of one of the rheumatic diseases of interest, based on administrative data, and had had ≥ 1 rheumatology assessment at a provincial arthritis center. Charts were available on 824 subjects, some of whom had been identified in the administrative database with > 1 diagnosis. Thus a total of 1136 diagnoses were available for verification against clinical records. Of the 824 subjects, 680 (83%) had their administrative database diagnoses confirmed on chart review. The majority of subjects who were “false-positive” for a given rheumatic disease on administrative data had a true diagnosis of a similar rheumatic disease. Most sensitivity estimates for specific administrative data-based case definitions were > 90%, although for SSc, the sensitivity was 80.5%. The specificity estimates were also > 90%, except for SLE, where the specificity was 72.5%.Conclusion.Although health administrative data may be a valid resource, there are potential problems regarding the specificity and sensitivity of case definitions, which should be kept in mind for future studies.
Les pôles de compétitivité : un point de rupture pour la GRH traditionnelle ? Une analyse des dispositifs RH au sein des 12 pôles de la région Rhône-Alpes
Authors: Calamel Ludivine , Defélix Christian , Mazzilli Ingrid , Retour † Didier 
Published: May 2011

Résumé	Les pôles de compétitivité français existent depuis 5 ans et font travailler ensemble des salariés d’organismes différents. Ont-ils créé pour cela des dispositifs de GRH en rupture avec les outils traditionnels de la fonction ? Cette recherche se donne pour objectif de répondre à cette question en s’appuyant sur un contrat de recherche, financé par la région Rhône-Alpes, dont l’objectif est de recenser et de soutenir le développement des actions RH au sein des pôles du territoire rhônalpin sur la période 2009-2010. Après un bref appel des apports des précédentes recherches dédiées aux pôles et la présentation de notre problématique (1), nous exposerons quelles ont été les observations réalisées, en caractérisant les dispositifs RH selon l’horizon temporel de l’impact majeur attendu et selon le niveau d’intervention privilégié, ainsi qu’en proposant un schéma de synthèse (2). La diversité des dispositifs recensés, tant entre les pôles qu’en leur sein, sera ensuite soulignée, avant de discuter enfin de la réalité de cette « rupture » par rapport à la GRH traditionnelle (3).
« Sous ombre de protection ». Stratégies et projets politiques pendant les « affaires de Provence » (France-Espagne-Italie, 1589-1596)
Authors: Micallef Fabrice 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Durant la première modernité, la protection est une pratique politique extrêmement répandue dans les relations internationales : en réponse à une situation de crise, des entités politiques demandent à un prince étranger de les assister. Quel est alors le sens du titre de « protecteur » que l’on décerne, ou du traité de « protection » qui est signé ? Les « affaires de Provence » (1589-1596) permettent d’étudier en détail les conceptions, les enjeux et les motivations de la protection. Ces « affaires » sont une série de crises diplomatiques liées aux troubles de la Ligue en France : pour faire face à leurs ennemis, les catholiques de Provence, et des villes de Marseille et Arles sollicitent successivement la protection du roi d’Espagne, du pape, du duc de Savoie et du grand-duc de Toscane. Pour les détracteurs de la protection ce lien politique est dangereux et subversif : les protecteurs sont des usurpateurs et les protégés des sujets désobéissants. Mais au-delà de ces positions de principe, on constate que les détracteurs, eux-mêmes sont capables d’envisager l’usage de la protection lorsqu’il devient nécessaire. Pour les acteurs qui sollicitent la protection, ce lien politique est justifié comme l’expression de la solidarité chrétienne et de la liberté politique des contractants. Mais la demande de protection est surtout un rite de déférence, un piège rhétorique situé dans l’horizon d’attente du prince chrétien ; elle est destinée à faciliter l’obtention d’un soutien logistique contractuel. Les puissances qui acceptent de prendre leurs solliciteurs sous leur protection le font souvent avec l’arrière-pensée d’une annexion territoriale. Mais tout en laissant cette possibilité ouverte, la protection a le mérite de servir des projets plus réalistes et pragmatiques : ascension politique d’États subalternes, possibilité de jouer un rôle d’arbitre, neutralisation des ambitions d’un tiers, stratégies militaires. Au final, la pratique de la protection s’explique par les potentialités qu’offrent les ambiguïtés de ce lien, qui permettent de tenir en équilibre les risques et les opportunités d’une situation de crise. Cette pratique révèle le partage d’une culture politique valorisant l’adaptation et le pragmatisme. Jeu de dupes à mi-chemin entre la coopération et la compétition, elle comporte le risque de déceptions et de tensions.
De l'émotion de la mort à l'émoi du meurtre. Quelques réflexions sur le sentiment de la mort suspecte à la fin du Moyen Âge
Authors: Collard Franck 
Published: May 2011

Résumé La mort a puissamment suscité l’intérêt des médiévistes depuis une quarantaine d’années de même que, plus récemment, les émotions. Le croisement de ces thèmes d’étude est l’objet de cet article, non du point de vue bien connu de l’effroi qu’inspire le trépas, mais d’un point de vue politique : celui des réactions que provoque la disparition d’un puissant à la fin du Moyen Âge. Dans des sociétés « médicalisées », au sens où la médecine offre des schémas d’explication à des décès auparavant rapportés à la seule Providence, la mort est mise en question, ses causes deviennent sujets de spéculation et de conjecture qui débouchent parfois sur le soupçon accusateur et la rumeur insinuatrice. En fonction des circonstances de sa survenue, les esprits s’émeuvent jusqu’à voir le crime – poison ou maléfice – derrière la maladie ou la crise fatales au prince et jusqu’à déstabiliser l’ordre politique. À partir de l’exemple de la mort du duc de Brabant survenue en 1430 et de contrepoints éclairants, ce travail tente de cerner les raisons pour lesquelles la fin des Grands tend à agiter l’opinion, comment la suspicion peut s’exprimer, de quelle manière elle peut être alimentée par des acteurs du jeu politique, comment les autorités s’efforcent de la dissiper en dissociant l’émotion légitime du deuil de l’émoi fauteur de troubles du supposé meurtre, allant jusqu’à montrer le prince défunt à corps ouvert examiné par de savants médecins.
Serum YKL-40 Levels in Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Itik Veyis , Kemik Ozgur , Kemik Ahu , Dulger A. Cumhur , Sümer Aziz , Soyoral Yasemin Usul , Begenik Huseyin , Purisa Sevim , Kotan Cetin 
Published: May 2011

Aims and background YKL-40 is secreted by several types of tumors. Increased serum YKL-40 levels have been reported in prostate, glioblastoma, breast and colorectal cancers. Determination of YKL-40 levels may serve as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the serum YKL-40 levels expressed in gastric carcinomas. Methods Between 2009 and 2011, we retrospectively reviewed 100 patients with gastric cancer and compared their serum samples to 75 healthy volunteers. YKL-40 levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results We found significantly higher serum levels of YKL-40 in patients with gastric cancer compared to the healthy population ( P < 0.0001). We also found significant differences in serum YKL-40 levels between female and male patients with gastric cancer ( P < 0.01). Conclusions YKL-40 is over-expressed in gastric cancer, suggesting a more aggressive phenotype. YKL-40 may be a useful serum biomarker for gastric cancer identification, and future studies should focus on the role of YKL-40 in the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer and responsiveness toward treatment.
Advancing Reflective Practice: An Evaluation of an Observed Practice Workshop for Occupational Therapists and Physiotherapists
Authors: Morley Mary , Smith Jane , Petty Nicola 
Published: May 2011

Introduction: An action research study resulted in an observed practice programme to advance the reflective skills of occupational therapists and physiotherapists. Action research offered a way of drawing on practitioners' knowledge and experience. Method: The programme was introduced through a one-day workshop to occupational therapists and physiotherapists of varying levels of experience within a mental health organisation. A purpose-designed questionnaire was used to evaluate learning outcomes and to capture participants' response to the workshops. Results and conclusion: The evaluation confirmed that the workshop design did support participants in developing the skills and confidence to implement the observed practice programme.
Irish Occupational Therapists' Views of Electronic Assistive Technology
Authors: Verdonck Michele , McCormack Cathy , Chard Gill 
Published: May 2011

Introduction: Electronic assistive technology (EAT) includes computers, environmental control systems and information technology systems and is widely considered to be an important part of present-day life. Method: Fifty-six Irish community occupational therapists completed a questionnaire on EAT. All surveyed were able to identify the benefits of EAT. Results: While respondents reported that they should be able to assess for and prescribe EATs, only a third (19) were able to do so, and half (28) had not been able to do so in the past. Community occupational therapists identified themselves as havinga role in a multidisciplinary team to assess for and prescribe EAT. Conclusion: Results suggest that it is important for occupational therapists to have up-to-date knowledge and training in assistive and computer technologies in order to respond to the occupational needs of clients.
Mental Health Service Users' Perspectives of Work: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Blank Alison , Harries Priscilla , Reynolds Frances 
Published: May 2011

Purpose: Much of the literature about the meaning and experience of work for people with mental health problems is limited in the extent to which individual perspectives are represented, because the evidence derives from studies that are mainly quantitative in design. This literature review focused on qualitative studies, which sought to elicit the experiences of returning to work with a mental health problem. Method: An electronic search of the databases SCOPUS, CINAHL and PsycINFO was carried out. Papers with a publication date between December 1989 and December 2009 were sought. This time period was chosen to reflect the developments in approaches to vocational rehabilitation that have developed during the last 20 years. Findings: The findings indicate that work holds multiple meanings for people with mental health problems, that there are advantages and disadvantages to working, and that many barriers to work exist. The crucial nature of support for the individual in accessing employment is emphasised, and what users want from supportive relationships is detailed. The findings suggest that barriers can be overcome if the right support is available. Conclusion: The findings provide support for the involvement of occupational therapists working in vocational services, and offer some pointers for developing relationships with clients. The findings highlight the importance of exploring clients' feelings about work, including perceived barriers and benefits to working, and provide a deeper understanding of the type of supportive relationship required by a person with a mental health problem who wishes to access employment.
Participation in Fitness-Related Activities of an Incentive-Based Health Promotion Program and Hospital Costs: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Patel Deepak , Lambert Estelle V. , da Silva Roseanne , Greyling Mike , Kolbe-Alexander Tracy , Noach Adam , Conradie Jaco , Nossel Craig , Borresen Jill , Gaziano Thomas 
Published: May 2011

Purpose. A retrospective, longitudinal study examined changes in participation in fitness-related activities and hospital claims over 5 years amongst members of an incentivized health promotion program offered by a private health insurer. Design. A 3-year retrospective observational analysis measuring gym visits and participation in documented fitness-related activities, probability of hospital admission, and associated costs of admission. Setting. A South African private health plan, Discovery Health and the Vitality health promotion program. Participants. 304,054 adult members of the Discovery medical plan, 192,467 of whom registered for the health promotion program and 111,587 members who were not on the program. Intervention. Members were incentivised for fitness-related activities on the basis of the frequency of gym visits. Measures. Changes in electronically documented gym visits and registered participation in fitness-related activities over 3 years and measures of association between changes in participation (years 1—3) and subsequent probability and costs of hospital admission (years 4—5). Hospital admissions and associated costs are based on claims extracted from the health insurer database. Analysis. The probability of a claim modeled by using linear logistic regression and costs of claims examined by using general linear models. Propensity scores were estimated and included age, gender, registration for chronic disease benefits, plan type, and the presence of a claim during the transition period, and these were used as covariates in the final model. Results. There was a significant decrease in the prevalence of inactive members (76% to 68%) over 5 years. Members who remained highly active (years 1—3) had a lower probability (p < .05) of hospital admission in years 4 to 5 (20.7%) compared with those who remained inactive (22.2%). The odds of admission were 13% lower for two additional gym visits per week (odds ratio, .87; 95% confidence interval [CI], .801—.949). Conclusion. We observed an increase in fitness-related activities over time amongst members of this incentive-based health promotion program, which was associated with a lower probability of hospital admission and lower hospital costs in the subsequent 2 years. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[5]:341-348.)