bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar Spectrum Light‐Driven Silicone‐Based Fluidic Actuators
Authors: Shahabi Ebrahim , Shabani Majid , Meder Fabian , Mazzolai Barbara 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSoft materials that convert light into mechanical energy can create new untethered strategies for actuating soft robotics. Yet, the available light‐driven materials are often incompatible with standard fabrication in soft robotics and restricted to shapes (e.g., sheets) that have limited capability for 3D deformation; often laser or focused light is required for actuation. Here, to address these challenges, a straightforward method for synthesizing sunlight‐responsive fluidic actuators from off‐the‐shelf silicone precursors capable of expanding in 3D is developed. A liquid phase and activated carbon as photothermal elements are constrained in the elastomer. Solar spectral light triggers a liquid–gas phase transition creating sufficient pressure to overcome the internal elastic stress and actuate the material. The fluidic actuation is characterized under varying light conditions reaching expansion cycle times between ≈20–500 s, strains of 28%, and actuation stress of ≈1.3 MPa in different experiments. The materials were then used to exemplarily drive a mechanical switch, a liquid dispensing soft pump, a valve, and a bending actuator. As the described materials are easy to produce in a 5 min synthesis by standard molding techniques, it is believed that they are a promising opportunity for embodied energy converters in environmentally powered soft robots that respond to sunlight.
Development and validation of CYP26A1 inhibition assay for high‐throughput screening
Authors: Sakamuru Srilatha , Ma Dongping , Pierro Jocylin D. , Baker Nancy C. , Kleinstreuer Nicole , Cali James J. , Knudsen Thomas B. , Xia Menghang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAll‐trans retinoic acid (atRA) is an endogenous ligand of the retinoic acid receptors, which heterodimerize with retinoid X receptors. AtRA is generated in tissues from vitamin A (retinol) metabolism to form a paracrine signal and is locally degraded by cytochrome P450 family 26 (CYP26) enzymes. The CYP26 family consists of three subtypes: A1, B1, and C1, which are differentially expressed during development. This study aims to develop and validate a high throughput screening assay to identify CYP26A1 inhibitors in a cell‐free system using a luminescent P450‐Glo assay technology. The assay performed well with a signal to background ratio of 25.7, a coefficient of variation of 8.9%, and a Z‐factor of 0.7. To validate the assay, we tested a subset of 39 compounds that included known CYP26 inhibitors and retinoids, as well as positive and negative control compounds selected from the literature and/or the ToxCast/Tox21 portfolio. Known CYP26A1 inhibitors were confirmed, and predicted CYP26A1 inhibitors, such as chlorothalonil, prochloraz, and SSR126768, were identified, demonstrating the reliability and robustness of the assay. Given the general importance of atRA as a morphogenetic signal and the localized expression of Cyp26a1 in embryonic tissues, a validated CYP26A1 assay has important implications for evaluating the potential developmental toxicity of chemicals.
Clioquinol rescues yeast cells from Aβ42 toxicity via the inhibition of oxidative damage
Authors: Zheng Qiaoqiao , Zhu Hongzheng , Lv Chunyi , Zhu Ziting , Cui Hanyue , Fan Zheyu , Sun Jing , Huang Zhiwei , Shi Ping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, has gotten considerable attention. Previous studies have demonstrated that clioquinol (CQ) as a metal chelator is a potential drug for the treatment of AD. However, the mode of action of CQ in AD is still unclear. In our study, the antioxidant effects of CQ on yeast cells expressing Aβ42 were investigated. We found that CQ could reduce Aβ42 toxicity by alleviating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation level in yeast cells. These alterations were mainly attributable to the increased reduced glutathione (GSH) content and independent of activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and/or catalase (CAT). CQ could affect antioxidant enzyme activity by altering the transcription level of related genes. Interestingly, it was noted for the first time that CQ could combine with antioxidant enzymes to reduce their enzymatic activities by molecular docking and circular dichroism spectroscopy. In addition, CQ restored Aβ42‐mediated disruption of GSH homeostasis via regulating YAP1 expression to protect cells against oxidative stress. Our findings not only improve the current understanding of the mechanism of CQ as a potential drug for AD treatment but also provide ideas for subsequent drug research and development.
Ameliorative potential of rosmarinic acid in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome: Targeting MCP‐1 and VEGF: A histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study
Authors: Shalaby Amany Mohamed , Shalaby Rania H. , Elshamy Amira Mostafa , Alnasser Sulaiman Mohammed , Alorini Mohammed , Jaber Fatima A. , Alabiad Mohamed Ali , Alshaikh Ahmed Baker A. , Hassan Shaimaa Mohamed Abdelfattah , Aziz Seham Ahmed Mohammed Abdel , Safa Mohamed A. , Elkholy Mahmoud Ramadan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multidisciplinary endocrinopathy that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by menstrual complications, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular issues. The current research investigated the efficacy of rosmarinic acid in letrozole‐induced PCOS in adult female rats as well as the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Forty female rats were divided into the control group, the rosmarinic acid group (50 mg/kg per orally, po) for 21 days, PCOS group; PCOS was induced by administration of letrozole (1 mg/kg po) for 21 days, and rosmarinic acid‐PCOS group, received rosmarinic acid after PCOS induction. PCOS resulted in a marked elevation in both serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels and LH/follicle‐stimulating hormone ratio with a marked reduction in serum estradiol and progesterone levels. A marked rise in tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (messenger RNA) in the ovarian tissue was reported. The histological analysis displayed multiple cystic follicles in the ovarian cortex with markedly thin granulosa cell layer, vacuolated granulosa and theca cell layers, and desquamated granulosa cells. Upregulation in the immune expression of TNF‐α and caspase‐3 was demonstrated in the ovarian cortex. Interestingly, rosmarinic acid ameliorated the biochemical and histopathological changes. In conclusion, rosmarinic acid ameliorates letrozole‐induced PCOS through its anti‐inflammatory and antiangiogenesis effects.
Chemical process fault detection and trend analysis based on KESN
Authors: Cao Yuping , Cheng Ruikang , Deng Xiaogang , Wang Ping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFault detection has great significance for chemical process safety with the development of science and technology. The conventional echo state network‐based fault detection method does not highlight key fault features, and cannot forecast future fault trend after the occurrence of faults. For the above problems, a chemical process fault detection and trend analysis strategy based on key feature enhanced echo state network (KESN) is proposed. First, dynamic features are extracted by a detecting echo state network. Then, a weighting strategy is designed to enhance key features and increase fault detection rates. After detecting a fault, independent component analysis is utilized to extract independent key features. Future fault trend is forecasted based on the forecasting multi‐KESN. Simulation results on the Tennessee Eastman process demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Branching‐Chain Propagation of Parahydrogen‐Derived Nuclear Spin Order on a Catalyst Surface
Authors: Pokochueva Ekaterina V. , Burueva Dudari B. , Salnikov Oleg G. , Koptyug Igor V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study reveals that, when two hydrogen atoms are produced on the surface of a catalyst (e. g., a metal nanoparticle) upon dissociation of a parahydrogen molecule, their initial nuclear spin correlation can propagate in a branching‐chain fashion as they diffuse and combine with random H atoms to produce H2 molecules, which subsequently dissociate. This process leads to a gradual dilution of the non‐equilibrium nuclear spin order, but the number of involved H atoms that share the spin order becomes larger. These conclusions, confirmed by the spin density matrix calculations, may be relevant in the context of parahydrogen‐induced polarization (PHIP) in heterogeneous hydrogenations catalyzed by supported metal catalysts, the observation of which apparently contradicts the accepted non‐pairwise mechanism of the addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated substrate over such catalysts. The potential consequences of the reported findings are discussed in the context of PHIP effects and beyond.
Rare presentations of small bowel endometriosis
Authors: Sakiris Anthony , Fraz Ezaam Naik , Rajandran Arvinf , Smith Jason , Allen Benjamin , Pillai Sooraj , Ramaswamy Pradeep Kakkadasam , John Sneha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite endometriosis being a relatively common chronic gynecological condition in women of childbearing age, small bowel endometriosis is rare. Presentations can vary from completely asymptomatic to reported symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea. The following two cases depict very atypical manifestations of ileal endometriosis that presented as obscure intermittent gastrointestinal bleeding and bowel obstruction requiring surgical intervention. The first case describes a previously healthy 40‐year‐old woman with severe symptomatic iron deficiency anemia and intermittent melena. A small bowel enteroscopy diagnosed multiple ulcerated strictures in the distal small bowel as the likely culprit. Despite nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐induced enteropathy being initially considered as the likely etiology, histopathological examination of the resected distal ileal segment revealed evidence of endometriosis. The second case describes a 66‐year‐old with a presumptive diagnosis of Crohn's disease who reported a 10‐year history of intermittent perimenstrual abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea with vomiting. Following two subsequent episodes of acute bowel obstruction and surgical resection of the patient's stricturing terminal ileal disease, histopathological examination demonstrated active chronic inflammation with endometriosis. Small bowel endometriosis should be considered as an unusual differential diagnosis in women who may present with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding from the small bowel or recurrent bowel obstruction.
Low‐temperature chemical vapor deposition growth of 2D materials
Authors: Lei Minting , Wang Peijian , Ke Xiaofeng , Xie Jun , Yue Min , Zhao Mei , Zhang Kenan , Dong Youqing , Xu Quanlong , Zou Chao , Wang Shun , Zhang Lijie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) materials have atomic thickness, and thickness‐dependent electronic transport, optical and thermal properties, highlighting great promise applications in future semiconductor devices. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is considered as an industry‐oriented method for macro‐synthesis of 2D materials. In conventional CVD, high temperatures are required for the synthesis of high‐quality large‐size 2D materials, which is incompatible with of back‐end‐of‐line of the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) techniques. Therefore, low‐temperature synthesis of 2D materials is of critical importance for the advancement toward practical applications of 2D materials with the CMOS technologies. In this review, we focus on strategies for the low‐temperature growth of 2D materials, including the use of low‐melting‐point precursors, metal‐organic CVD, plasma‐enhanced CVD, van der Waals‐substrate vapor phase epitaxy, tellurium‐assisted CVD, salt‐assisted CVD, etc., with discussions of their reaction mechanisms, applications, associated advantages, and limitations. We also provide an outlook and perspectives of future low‐temperature chemical vapor deposition growth of 2D materials.
Astrocytic PAR1 and mGluR2/3 control synaptic glutamate time course at hippocampal CA1 synapses
Authors: Roh Woo Suk , Yoo Jae Hong , Dravid Shashank M. , Mannaioni Guido , Krizman Elizabeth N. , Lee Myunghoon , Wahl Philip , Robinson Michael B. , Traynelis Stephen F. , Lee C. Justin , Han Kyung‐Seok 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAstrocytes play an essential role in regulating synaptic transmission. This study describes a novel form of modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission in the mouse hippocampus by astrocytic G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). We have previously described astrocytic glutamate release via protease‐activated receptor‐1 (PAR1) activation, although the regulatory mechanisms for this are complex. Through electrophysiological analysis and modeling, we discovered that PAR1 activation consistently increases the concentration and duration of glutamate in the synaptic cleft. This effect was not due to changes in the presynaptic glutamate release or alteration in glutamate transporter expression. However, blocking group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) abolished PAR1‐mediated regulation of synaptic glutamate concentration, suggesting a role for this GPCR in mediating the effects of PAR1 activation on glutamate release. Furthermore, activation of mGluR2/3 causes glutamate release through the TREK‐1 channel in hippocampal astrocytes. These data show that astrocytic GPCRs engage in a novel regulatory mechanism to shape the time course of synaptically‐released glutamate in excitatory synapses of the hippocampus.
In vitro exposure of porcine spermatozoa to methylparaben, and propylparaben, alone or in combination adversely affects sperm quality
Authors: Barraza J. , Cleofas P. , Villamil S. , García M. , López A. , Casas E. , Salazar Z. , Pichardo F. , Barajas‐Salinas A. , Núñez‐Macías E. , Ramírez Y. , Bonilla E. , Bahena I. , Ortíz‐Muñíz R. , Cortés‐Barberena E. , Betancourt M. , Casillas F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractParabens (PBs) are widely used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries as preservatives of products. Because of its great use, humans and other organisms are highly exposed daily. However, little is known about the effect of PBs on male infertility. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of methylparaben (MePB) and propylparaben (PrPB), alone or in combination, on the physiological characteristics of pig in vitro exposed sperm to different concentrations (0, 200, 500, and 700 μM) for viability, motility, and acrosome integrity evaluation and (0, 200, 500, 700, 1000, and 2000 μM) for DNA fragmentation index evaluation, after 4 h of exposure. The results showed that sperm viability decreased after exposure to MePB from the concentration of 500 μM. In the PrPB and mixture groups, viability decreased at all concentrations except for the control. The decrease in viability of sperm exposed to PrPB was greater than that of the mixture and MePB groups. Sperm motility decreased in all the experimental groups exposed to PBs, at all concentrations, except for the control group. Acrosome integrity was not decreased in the MePB group; however, in the PrPB group, it decreased at a concentration of 200 μM and in the mixture at 500 μM. All groups exhibited DNA damage at different concentrations, except for the control group. Additionally, the effect of PBs on sperm quality was concentration‐dependent. The results demonstrated that MePB and PrPB alone or in combination can have adverse effects on sperm quality parameters. MePB had lower toxicity than did both PrPB and the mixture. The mixture did not have an additive effect on any of the parameters evaluated. This could partially explain the link between PB exposure and infertility.
How scanning probe microscopy can be supported by artificial intelligence and quantum computing?
Authors: Pregowska Agnieszka , Roszkiewicz Agata , Osial Magdalena , Giersig Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding, revolutionizing both science and society. It is applied to practically all areas of life, science, and technology, including materials science, which continuously requires novel tools for effective materials characterization. One of the widely used techniques is scanning probe microscopy (SPM). SPM has fundamentally changed materials engineering, biology, and chemistry by providing tools for atomic‐precision surface mapping. Despite its many advantages, it also has some drawbacks, such as long scanning times or the possibility of damaging soft‐surface materials. In this paper, we focus on the potential for supporting SPM‐based measurements, with an emphasis on the application of AI‐based algorithms, especially Machine Learning‐based algorithms, as well as quantum computing (QC). It has been found that AI can be helpful in automating experimental processes in routine operations, algorithmically searching for optimal sample regions, and elucidating structure–property relationships. Thus, it contributes to increasing the efficiency and accuracy of optical nanoscopy scanning probes. Moreover, the combination of AI‐based algorithms and QC may have enormous potential to enhance the practical application of SPM. The limitations of the AI‐QC‐based approach were also discussed. Finally, we outline a research path for improving AI‐QC‐powered SPM.Research Highlights
Artificial intelligence and quantum computing as support for scanning probe microscopy.
The analysis indicates a research gap in the field of scanning probe microscopy.
The research aims to shed light into ai‐qc‐powered scanning probe microscopy.
Developmental morpho‐analysis of the caecum in Japanese quail embryos (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Abdelhakeem Fatma 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the current study, we are focusing on the microanatomical structure of quail caecum during the prehatching time to try to understand the function and the role of each cell‐built quail caecum reaching how caecum plays an essential role in immunity and absorption. The morpho‐developmental features of the quail caecum were described in detail daily from the third incubation day (ID) till hatching time, investigating the gross morphology, microscopic, and ultrastructure using light and scanning electron microscope. The embryonic caecum appeared grossly as two lateral outpocketings with blinded ends, emerging laterally at the junction between the small and large intestine (the ileocaecal junction). The primordia of two caeca, represented by two lateral swellings from the hindgut on the fourth ID, continued growing till the day of hatching, where the caecal wall consisted of three apparent layers: mucosa, musculosa, and serosa. At the time of hatching, the quail caecum was still not fully mature and will continue growing posthatching. The findings in this study can be applied in further studies intended to understand the physiological mechanisms of the caecum during prehatching and posthatching periods.Research Highlights
Caecum is one of the hindgut derivatives that started as two lateral swellings.
The caecal wall consisted of three layers; mucosa, musculosa, and serosa.
The caecum plays an essential role in immunity maintenance.
Caecum continues to grow posthatching as it is not fully mature at hatching time.
Muscle and joint function in the rotator cuff deficient shoulder
Authors: Yeung Angus , Fernando Ashen , Patel Minoo , Gatto Laura , Ackland David C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFull‐thickness rotator cuff tears can lead to poor coaptation of the humeral head to the glenoid, disrupting muscle forces required for glenohumeral joint stability, ultimately leading to joint subluxation. The aim of this study was to evaluate muscle forces and glenohumeral joint translations during elevation in the presence of isolated and combined full‐thickness rotator cuff tears. Eight fresh‐frozen upper limbs were mounted to a computer‐controlled testing apparatus that simulated joint motion by simulated muscle force application. Scapular‐plane abduction was performed, and glenohumeral joint translations were measured using an optoelectronic system. Testing was performed in the native shoulder, a following an isolated tear to the supraspinatus, as well as combined tears involving the supraspinatus and subscapularis, as well as supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor. Rotator cuff tears significantly increased middle deltoid force at 30°, 60°, and 90° of abduction relative to that in the native shoulder (p < 0.05). Significantly greater superior translations were observed relative to the intact shoulder due to combined tears to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus at 30° of abduction (mean increase: 1.6 mm, p = 0.020) and 60° of abduction (mean increase: 4.8 mm, p = 0.040). This study illustrates the infraspinatus‐teres minor complex as a major humeral head depressor and contributor to glenohumeral joint stability. An increase in deltoid force during abduction occurs in the presence of rotator cuff tears, which exacerbates superior migration of the humeral head. The findings may help in the development of clinical tests in rotator cuff tear diagnostics, in surgical planning of rotator cuff repair, and in planning of targeted rehabilitation.
Inferior vena cava filter thromboprophylaxis in surgical cancer patients
Authors: Makary Mina S. , Koso Mensur , Yoder Matthew 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study evaluated the utilization and outcomes of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters as thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients undergoing surgery.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective study analyzed baseline patient characteristics and clinical outcomes of surgical cancer patients who received perioperative prophylactic IVC filters. Primary clinical endpoints included venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence and filter complications. A statistical correlative analysis was conducted to identify risk factors related to pulmonary embolism (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and filter thrombi, as well as advanced technique filter removal and mortality at 6 months.ResultsA total of 252 surgical oncology patients (median age, 59; female 51%) received IVC filters for the perioperative prevention of PE. Primary surgical sites included spine (n = 91, 36%), orthopedic extremity/joint (n = 49, 19%), genitourinary (n = 47, 19%), brain/cranial (n = 40, 16%), abdominal (n = 18, 7%), multisite (n = 4, 2%), and chest (n = 3, 1%). Moreover, 15% of patients experienced DVTs in the postplacement preretrieval period, while 2% (n = 6) of patients experienced definitive PEs. A total of 36% of IVC filters were ultimately retrieved, with an average filter dwell time of 7.4 months. Complications occurred in one retrieval.ConclusionProphylactic perioperative IVC filters in surgical cancer patients resulted in minimal complications while ultimately resulting in a low incidence of PE.