bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Eberconazole vs Sertaconazole in Localised Tinea Infection
Authors: Ravichandran Mirunalini , Srikanth S , Kumar B Aravinda , Munusamy Rajesh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Topical antifungals especially azole group of drugs are effective agents in the treatment of dermatophytoses producing 100% clinical and mycological cure. Each of them vary having specific characteristics to tackle several clinical challenges like high relapse rate, recurrences and quality of life.

Aims and Objectives:
To compare the efficacy and safety of Eberconazole and Sertaconazole in tinea infection.

Materials and Methods:
This was a randomized, observer-blinded, parallel-group study conducted at a dermatology out-patient department (OPD) of tertiary care teaching hospital in Puducherry. 85 patients with tinea corporis and tinea cruris infections who visited the dermatology OPD were enrolled in this study. The treatment phase involved two groups receiving either Sertaconazole 2% cream or Eberconazole 1% applied topically twice daily for 4 weeks. At the end of treatment phase, there was a 'follow-up phase' at the end of 4 weeks, where the patients were assessed clinically and mycologically. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics using MS Excel version 2019 and SPSS version 15 for Windows.

Results:
The primary efficacy variables namely change in pruritus, erythema, induration, scaling and mycological cure significantly improved in both the groups, as compared to baseline (P < 0.001), in the treatment phase and follow-up phase. Intergroup comparison with respect to pruritus and scaling showed significant difference (P < 0.001), suggestive of better reduction of pruritus and scaling scores at 4 weeks with Sertaconazole when compared to Eberconazole.

Conclusions:
Sertaconazole was better than Eberconazole in relieving signs and symptoms of dermatophytoses, especially pruritus, thereby improving patients' quality of life.
Beads and Beyond
Authors: Kar Debjit , Das Anupam 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Rising number of the nonresponding dermatophytic infections raises deep concerns among the dermatologists across the nation. Variations in the quality of itraconazole may be a contributing factor to nonresponse in certain dermatophytic infections. This article will address this issue in a simple way of analyzing things in an OPD and may help us in being aware and taking the right foot forward.

Aims and Objectives:
To assess the quality of itraconazole brands by observing the morphological properties of pellets/beads in different brands.

Methods:
In this study, 10 brands of itraconazole that are commonly used in clinical practice were randomly selected. Pellet counts and qualitative morphological analysis of pellets as size (small, large, or mixed), shape (uniform or nonuniform), and presence of amorphous material was performed by three independent observers. Also, dissolution profile of some brands was assessed by adding the pellets in equal quantity of water.

Results:
The pellet counts of brands varied from 856 pellets per capsule in brand 1 to 109 pellets per capsule in brand 8. Brand 1, brand 2, and brand 7 pellets were small and uniform in morphology. Brand 3, brand 4, and brand 10 pellets were mixed in size but uniform in morphology. Brand 9 pellets were mixed and nonuniform whereas brand 5, brand 6, and brand 8 pellets were mixed in size, nonuniform in shape, and had presence of amorphous material. Dissolution test revealed that brand 5 dissolved rapidly and turned clear water color to milky white.

Conclusion:
A simple dermoscopy examination of itraconazole pellets may provide thoughtful insights about the quality of itraconazole brand. It may be considered as routine practice for all dermatophytic infection planned for treatment with itraconazole.
False-Positive Iodine-131 Uptake Due to Wasp Sting
Authors: Meenakshi Lakshman Aridhasan , Sundararaj Sai Kishore , Palo Akanksha , Nellaiappan M. Hariharasudhan , Pandit Nandini 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A 38-year-old woman with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid who underwent total thyroidectomy followed by high-dose radioiodine ablation was called for Iodine-131 (I-131) whole-body follow-up scan. Her follow-up scan revealed focal tracer accumulation in the lower aspect of the right posterior neck region. Her stimulated serum thyroglobulin and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies were 0.27 ng/ml and undetectable, respectively. Further clinical examination of the patient revealed a black scab in the same region. The patient revealed a history of wasp bite 2 days before iodine administration.
Notable Visualization of the Gallbladder on a 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT Bone Scintigraphy in a Case of Brucellosis
Authors: Haghighatafshar Mahdi , Farhoudi Farinaz , Entezarmahdi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Comprehension of the typical distribution pattern of 99mTc-methylenediphosphonate (MDP) is crucial for precise interpretation of bone scintigraphy. The presence of nonskeletal activity is predominantly confined to the kidneys and bladder, attributed to the standard renal excretion of 99mTc-MDP. We discuss a 70-year-old woman with a known case of brucellosis using rifampin, doxycycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole), and ciprofloxacin for the past 8 months. Anterior and posterior aspects of the whole-body bone scan showed diffuse increased uptake in the bodies of L2 and L3 vertebrae and related intervertebral disks. However, unexpected uptake is noted in the right upper quadrant in the region of the gallbladder. Radiochemical impurities did not show during radiopharmaceutical (MDP) quality control, and the other patients showed normal distribution. This gallbladder uptake may be attributed to the altered distribution of the radiotracer and/or gallbladder injury caused by the administration of antibiotic therapy.
Rare Presentation of En Cuirasse Detected on 18-F FDG PET/CT in a Case of Recurrent Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Sagar Sambit , Khan Dikhra , Wakankar Ritwik , Shamim Shamim Ahmed , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Carcinoma en cuirasse is a type of cutaneous metastasis from different malignancies. En cuirasse although is a rare entity, most commonly occurs in cases of recurrent breast carcinoma after surgery or very rarely months or years after diagnosis of primary tumor. We report a rare case of neck carcinoma en cuirasse in a 47-year-old Indian female who is a known case of recurrent carcinoma left breast postmodified radical mastectomy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy referred for fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography following another six cycles of chemotherapy for response assessment.
Diagnostic Approaches in Nuclear Medicine for Reproductive Health Assessment: Hysterosalpingography in Radiology versus hysterosalpingoscintigraphy
Authors: Asima Bushra , Jain Anurag , Biswas Jayanta Kumar , Mahato Abhishek , Vishnoi Madan Gopal , Tiwari Awadhesh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Infertility is a significant aspect of reproductive health and evaluating degree of tubal pathology is essential for determining appropriate management plans.

Aims and Objectives:
To assess the role of hysterosalpingoscintigraphy (HSSG) as a tubal patency test in nuclear medicine and compare it with hysterosalpingography (HSG) in radiology in infertile women and study pain perception in both tests as well.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study was conducted on 50 infertility patients undergoing infertility evaluation at a tertiary care hospital. Both HSG and HSSG procedures were performed during proliferative phase of menstrual cycle.

Results:
Our study demonstrated the potential of HSSG as a tool for evaluating tubal patency in infertility workup. It showed good accuracy in detecting tubal patency compared to HSG.

Conclusion:
HSG is a radiological procedure valued for its ability to provide detailed anatomical information of uterus and patency of fallopian tubes. In contrast, HSSG provides dynamic information on the functional aspects of the reproductive system using nuclear medicine techniques. Both HSG and HSSG are vital tools in the diagnostic armamentarium for assessing female reproductive health, offering complementary information that aids in comprehensive patient management.
Immediate Effect of Mulligan's Mobilization with Movement on Forward Head Posture and Postural Sway in Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction
Authors: Sawant Rutuja , Heggannavar Anand , Metgud Santosh , D'Silva Pamela 
Published: May 2024

Context:
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) is defined as orofacial disorders including pain, clicking in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), fatigue of the masticatory muscles, and limitation of mandibular movements. TMJD is responsible for forward head posture (FHP) and postural sway leading to neck pain, headache, and absenteeism from work affecting their quality of life. Management of the dysfunction can alleviate pain and improve work efficiency.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the immediate effect of Mulligan's mobilization with movement (MWM) on numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), maximum mouth opening (MMO), FHP, and postural sway in participants with TMJD.

Settings and Design:
Pre-and postexperimental study conducted in tertiary care hospital in Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

Methodology:
Of 59 screened, 39 participants between the age group of 20–40 years of both genders were screened based on the scores obtained from Fonseca's Questionnaire and those eligible were recruited. One session of TMJ MWM was administered and outcome measures were assessed preintervention and immediately postintervention using NPRS, MMO, postural sway, and craniovertebral angle.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Wilcoxon matched-pairs test and paired t-test were used for pre-and posttest scores of variable.

Results:
After data analysis, the severity of pain, MMO, postural sway, and FHP showed significant improvement postintervention (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
One session of MWM for TMJ was effective in alleviating pain, improving mouth opening, postural sway, and FHP immediately posttreatment in participants with TMJD.
Comparison of Awareness of Physiotherapy Among Health Professionals and Nonhealth Professionals in Dharwad District, Karnataka, India – A Survey Analysis
Authors: Shruti T. , Javali S.B. , Sunkad Mohan Anantarao , Math C. M. 
Published: May 2024

Context:
In the present-day health-care system scenario, physiotherapy has attained an essential component. The knowledge of physiotherapy and its treatment modalities is known to some extent only in metropolitan cities and towns.

Aim:
Hence, an attempt has been made to assess the awareness of physiotherapy among health professionals and nonhealth professionals in urban and rural population of Dharwad district.

Settings and Design:
A survey analysis conducted on Urban and Rural population of Dharwad, Karnataka, India.

Materials and Methods:
A convenience sample of 2000 individuals, in which 1000 individuals each with 500 professionals and 500 nonprofessionals were selected from urban and rural population of Dharwad. Data were collected through self and pretested questionnaires related to awareness of physiotherapy among health professionals and nonhealth professionals. Data were analyzed with an independent t-test and significance was set at a 95% level confidence interval (P < 0.05).

Statistical Analysis Used:
Karl Pearson's product-moment technique has been applied to find out the reliability.

Results:
The awareness of physiotherapy is better among health professionals as compared to the nonhealth professionals and statistically significant, t = 28.3221 (P < 0.05). The awareness of physiotherapy was better among urban nonhealth professionals as compared to rural nonhealth professionals and it was statistically significant, t = 3.8198, (P < 0.05). The awareness of physiotherapy was better among urban health professionals as compared to rural health professionals and it was statistically significant, t = 13.6710 (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The awareness of physiotherapy was better among urban health professionals and nonhealth professionals as compared to rural health professionals and nonhealth professionals.
Correlation between Spinal Curvature, Back and Abdominal Muscle Strength and Physical Activity in Premenopausal Women with Low Back Pain
Authors: Mahishale Arati , Hakim Henna , Shetti Hrishikesh 
Published: May 2024

Context:
Premenopause is the time before the cessation of menstruation and onset of menopausal symptoms. Information regarding the degree of association of spinal curvature, back and abdominal muscles strength, and physical activity to low back pain (LBP) in premenopausal women is underreported which is useful for awareness, prevention, and optimal treatment.

Aims:
The aim is to determine the correlation between spinal curvature, back and abdominal muscle strength, and physical activity in premenopausal women with LBP.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty-four premenopausal women aged between 45 and 55 years were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Three physical characteristics: spinal curvature, back and abdominal muscle strength, and physical activity were measured for all the subjects, and the relative association of each characteristic with LBP was assessed. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form was administered to all the participants, flexicurve was used for spinal curve measurement, and manual muscle testing for abdominal and back extensor strength was recorded.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlated using Pearson's correlation.

Results:
The mean kyphosis was 36.79° ± 6.41° and lordosis was 33° ± 7.75° According to MRC grading mean abdominal strength was 3.57 ± 0.68 (Grade 3: 53.6%; Grade 4: 35.7% and Grade 5: 10.7%) and back strength was 3.22 ± 0.52 (Grade 2: 4.8%; Grade 3: 67.9% and Grade 4: 27.4%). The mean IPAQ score observed was 1.94 ± 0.64 (low: 23.8%; moderate: 58.3% and high: 17.9%).

Conclusion:
An inverse relationship was observed between age, IPAQ score, lumbar lordosis, and back and abdominal muscle strength, with increasing age in premenopausal women there was a decrease in physical activity, lumbar lordosis, and back and abdominal muscle strength.
Implementation of the Smoke-Free Policy in Medan City, Indonesia
Authors: Nasution Fauziah , Gurning Fitriani Pramitha , Siregar Putra Apriadi , Ahsan Abdillah , Kusuma Dian 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Indonesia has an estimated 61.4 million current smokers, and the smoking prevalence among adults is persistently high while that among youth is increasing. In 2014, Medan city enacted the smoke-free policy (SFP) to protect community members against the adverse effects of smoking. Our study examines the implementation of SFP in terms of compliance and challenges.

Methods:
We conducted a mixed-methods study. Quantitative analyses examined the compliance with six criteria including having signage, no active smoking, no selling, no advertisement, no smoke, and no ashtray at SFP facilities. They included health facilities, educational facilities, places of worship, workplaces, and indoor/outdoor public facilities. The qualitative analysis examined the challenges through in-depth interviews of six key informants.

Results:
We found the overall compliance of 44%, ranging from 0% at outdoor public facilities to 83% at health facilities. We found relatively higher compliance among facilities within 1-km from the provincial and city health offices compared to those outside of the buffer (but not significant at 5% level, P = 0.070). The challenges identified were lack of budget, monitoring, enforcement, and sensitization.

Conclusions:
The implementation of SFP in Medan city still has lower compliance and faces many challenges.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection-Related Stigma, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Iranian Healthcare Workers
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Ramin , Hosseini Seyed Morteza , Momeni Mina , Maghari Amirhossein , Fathi-Ashtiani Ali , Ghadimi Parmid , Heiat Mohammad , Barmayoon Pooyan , Mohamadianamiri Mahdiss , Bahardoust Mansour , Badri Taleb , Karbasi Ashraf 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Psychological conditions aggravate during outbreaks. Here, we have discussed the existing COVID-19 depression, anxiety, and stress and the resulting stigma and its different aspects in Iranian health care workers and their 1st-degree relatives.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, information of our study groups (237 participants including health care workers and their nuclear family members) was collected via two online stigma and depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS) questionnaires.

Results:
The DASS questionnaire's mean depression, anxiety, and stress scores were 13.59 ± 5.76, 11.07 ± 4.38, and 15.05 ± 5.86, respectively, in our study population. Marriage status was effective on depression and stress scores. Married participants were having less depression (P = 0.008) but more stressful (P = 0.029) than single ones. Education was found to be effective on anxiety and stress scores. Those with an associate, master, Ph.D., and higher college degrees were significantly less anxious and stressed than those with a diploma or bachelor's degrees (P = 0.032 and 0.016, respectively, for anxiety and stress). Participants with a history of psychiatric conditions showed significantly higher depression, anxiety, and stress rates than those without a past psychiatric condition (P = 0.001). Healthcare workers and their nuclear family members suffer from severe stigma (mean stigma scores were 33.57 and 33.17, respectively).

Conclusions:
Healthcare workers and their nuclear family members in Iran suffer from severe COVID-19 related stigma. We also showed that depression, anxiety, and stress are common among Iranian Healthcare workers and their nuclear family members during this pandemic. This study showed that people with preexisting psychiatric conditions need extra mental care during the pandemic.
The Psychometric Properties of the Persian Versions of the Patient Health Questionnaires 9 and 2 as Screening Tools for Detecting Depression among University Students
Authors: Mohamadian Rasoul , Khazaie Habibolah , Ahmadi Seyed Mojtaba , Fatmizade Mehdi , Ghahremani Susan , Sadeghi Hossein , Ansari Zohreh , Ahmadi Ahmadreza , Zare Sadighe 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Among the common mental disorders in societies, depression is one of the most common mental disorders that affects all groups and classes of society. Students are among the groups with the highest rates of depression. Therefore, the need for a short and effective tool for screening and early detection of depression is felt. The aim of this research is to determine validity, reliability and the best cut-off point of the patient health questionnaires-9 (PHQ-9) and patient health questionnaires-2 (PHQ-2) in university students.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 246 students of Kermanshah University of medical science in Kermanshah province of Iran. They completed the PHQ-2, PHQ-9, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). A structured interview was used to diagnose depression. To analyze the data, Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency, the intra-class correlation (ICC) for test–retest reliability, confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity, Pearson Correlation for Convergent validity, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for Criterion validity was used.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 20.43 ± 2.29. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 was 0.82 and 0.80, respectively. The test–retest reliability based on intra-class correlation (ICC) for PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 after two weeks was 0.81 and 0.73, respectively (P < 0.001). The correlation coefficient between the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 with the BDI-II was 0.74 and 0.64, respectively (P < 0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that two-factor model and one factor model had good model fit. The best cut-off point score for the PHQ-9 was 10 with a sensitivity of 0.90 and specificity of 0.93, and the best cut-off point score for the PHQ-2 was 3 with the sensitivity of 0.71 and specificity of 0.92.

Conclusions:
The PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 are suitable tools to screen depression in the university students in Iran.
Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) Formulations with Functional Food and Nutrient Density for the Treatment of Malnutrition in Crisis
Authors: Hadi Saeid , Amani Reza , Tehrani Mostafa Mazaheri , Hadi Vahid , Hejri Sudiyeh , Askari Gholamreza 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) spread has been highly effective in the treatment of malnutrition in those affected by disasters since it does not require preparation and baking and has a long shelf life and sufficient energy to improve growth and weight loss. Such features may be crucial during crises such as wars and natural disasters. The present study aimed to design a high-energy and nutrient-dense RUTF formulation.

Methods:
Soybean flour and milk protein concentrate were used as protein sources, corn flour, and sugar were employed as carbohydrate sources, cacao butter substitute was used as the lipid source, and vitamin/mineral, beta-alanine, arginine, Nigella sativa, and sesame seeds were used as a functional food. The study was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and criteria for food products.

Results:
To design the formulation, we used carbohydrates (45% of total energy), protein (13% of total energy), fat (42% of total energy), vitamins, minerals, beta-alanine, and arginine, and 100 grams of the diet was considered to release 525 kilocalories of energy. The experimental results of food safety at the determined intervals (at the beginning and 45 and 90 days after the production) showed acceptable values.

Conclusions:
Since nutritional requirements are among essential human needs (especially in the management of malnutrition in crisis), it is of utmost importance to prepare RUTF products in order to meet all human nutritional needs by facilitating the easy use of these products, particularly for the prevention of malnutrition and diseases.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Period of Aerobic Training and Vitamin D Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Nazarabadi Parivash Najafi , Etemad Zaher , Hoseini Rastegar , Moradi Fatah 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Inflammatory markers of blood are critical predictors of chronic diseases as well as exacerbating risk factors. Exercise is a well-known strategy to reduce the risk of inflammation and chronic disease. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of a period of aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation (AT + Vit D) in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.

Methods:
This quasi-experimental research was performed on forty-six patients with metabolic syndrome who were selected according to the available sampling method, and were randomly divided into four groups: AT + Vit D (50,000 IU), AT, Vit D (50,000 IU), and control (C). The training protocol consisted of 40–60 min of AT 60–75% of maximal heart rate, three times a week, for 8 weeks. One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were used to compare the between and within groups; the Bonferroni post hoc test was used if significant differences were found.

Results:
The combination of exercise and vitamin D significantly reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P = 0.001), and improved the metabolic syndrome indices (P = 0.001 in all indices). The results also show that the improvement in the metabolic syndrome indices, CRP, and IL-6 was more significant in AT + Vit D, compared to AT or Vit D alone.

Conclusions:
The findings from the present study suggested that a sedentary lifestyle and vitamin D deficiency accelerated the occurrence of metabolic syndrome probably by increasing the anti-inflammatory. Additionally, adequate levels of plasma vitamin D are necessary to achieve the beneficial metabolic effects of AT.