bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of non‐glycosylated recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by co‐expressing bacterial PNGase F
Authors: Mamedov Tarlan , Ghosh Ananya , Jones R. Mark , Mett Vadim , Farrance Christine E. , Musiychuk Konstantin , Horsey April , Yusibov Vidadi 
Published: April 2012

SummaryApplication of tools of molecular biology and genomics is increasingly leading towards the development of recombinant protein‐based biologics. As such, it is leading to an increased diversity of targets that have important health applications and require more flexible approaches for expression because of complex post‐translational modifications. For example, Plasmodium parasites may have complex post‐translationally modified proteins such as Pfs48/45 that do not carry N‐linked glycans (Exp. Parasitol. 1998; 90, 165.) but contain potential N‐linked glycosylation sites that can be aberrantly glycosylated during expression in mammalian and plant systems. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies for producing non‐glycosylated forms of these targets to preserve biological activity and native conformation. In this study, we are describing in vivo deglycosylation of recombinant N‐glycosylated proteins as a result of their transient co‐expression with bacterial PNGase F (Peptide: N‐glycosidase F). In addition, we show that the recognition of an in vivo deglycosylated plant‐produced malaria vaccine candidate, Pfs48F1, by monoclonal antibodies I, III and V raised against various epitopes (I, III and V) of native Pfs48/45 of Plasmodium falciparum, was significantly stronger compared to that of the glycosylated form of plant‐produced Pfs48F1. To our knowledge, neither in vivo enzymatic protein deglycosylation has been previously achieved in any eukaryotic system, including plants, nor has bacterial PNGase F been expressed in the plant system. Thus, here, we report for the first time the expression in plants of an active bacterial enzyme PNGase F and the production of recombinant proteins of interest in a non‐glycosylated form.
READING HAUERWAS IN THE CORNBELT: The Demise of the American Dream and the Return of Liturgical Politics
Authors: Northcott Michael S. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper I examine criticism of Hauerwas's critique of American democracy and liberalism, and of American violence and war, as sectarian and politically irrelevant. This twin account has the merit of engaging his critics from left and right. I show that his critique of American Christians, and their support of America's ways of promoting justice and freedom at home and in the world, has analogies with Foucault's genealogical project in France, and represents a more powerful critique of American imperialism and militarism, and of a compliant church, than efforts to sustain the purchase of rights talk or liberal justice in contemporary theological ethics.
VOCATION AND CREATION: BEYOND THE GENTILE‐HOMOSEXUAL ANALOGY
Authors: Perry John 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTOne strand of the church's conversation about homosexuality compares present‐day acceptance of homosexuals to the church's acceptance of Gentiles in Acts 15. In a previous article, “Gentiles and Homosexuals,” I presented the history of that strand. In a reply to my article, Olson proposes to reimagine the analogy via the “radical new perspective on Paul” and argues that doing so exposes problems with my original analysis. I defend myself against these criticisms, while also entering into the spirit of Olson's reimagined analogy. Expanding the scope beyond Acts to Paul opens up important facets that might otherwise be obscured. In particular, it includes voices that are sometimes silenced, and presses both sides for an account of sexuality grounded in vocation and God's purposes in creation.
The Balancing Act: Meeting the Needs of all Children Including an Adolescent with Disabilities
Authors: Koch Cecelia , Mayes Rachel 
Published: April 2012

Background  The aim of this study was to explore parents’ experiences and strategies used when meeting the needs of all their children, including an adolescent with disabilities.Materials and methods  A qualitative study design was employed. The study was conducted in two phases. (i) Secondary analysis of ecocultural interviews with 12 parent‐carers of more than one child, including an adolescent (10–21 years) with intellectual disabilities. (ii) In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with a sub‐sample (n = 4) of parent‐carers. Data was analysed using Strauss & Corbin’s (1998) constant comparative method.Results  Parents balanced their children’s needs through a combination of strategies driven by their goals, beliefs and values. Parents found this very challenging. They were always conscious of the needs of all of their children, although they could not necessarily meet all their children’s needs equally. Strategies that attended to all children simultaneously were preferred by most parents, but could not always be used. Parents, at times, used strategies that prioritized the needs of the adolescent with disabilities or siblings.Conclusions  Findings add to knowledge on what families of adolescents with disabilities do day to day and specifically reveal how these parents meet the needs of their children. Practitioners, together with disability and mainstream services and systems, need to recognize parents’ goals, beliefs and values and the needs of the adolescent with disabilities. This will effectively aid the adolescent with disabilities, their siblings, parents and the whole of family life.
Characterization of the high affinity Zn transporter from Noccaea caerulescens, NcZNT1, and dissection of its promoter for its role in Zn uptake and hyperaccumulation
Authors: Milner Matthew J. , Craft Eric , Yamaji Naoki , Koyama Emi , Ma Jian Feng , Kochian Leon V. 
Published: April 2012

Summary
In this paper, we conducted a detailed analysis of the ZIP family transporter, NcZNT1, in the zinc (Zn)/cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulating plant species, Noccaea caerulescens, formerly known as Thlaspi caerulescens. NcZNT1 was previously suggested to be the primary root Zn/Cd uptake transporter. Both a characterization of NcZNT1 transport function in planta and in heterologous systems, and an analysis of NcZNT1 gene expression and NcZNT1 protein localization were carried out.
We show that NcZNT1 is not only expressed in the root epidermis, but also is highly expressed in the root and shoot vasculature, suggesting a role in long‐distance metal transport. Also, NcZNT1 was found to be a plasma membrane transporter that mediates Zn but not Cd, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) or copper (Cu) uptake into plant cells.
Two novel regions of the NcZNT1 promoter were identified which may be involved in both the hyperexpression of NcZNT1 and its ability to be regulated by plant Zn status.
In conclusion, we demonstrate here that NcZNT1 plays a role in Zn and not Cd uptake from the soil, and based on its strong expression in the root and shoot vasculature, could be involved in long‐distance transport of Zn from the root to the shoot via the xylem.
Rising ozone concentrations decrease soybean evapotranspiration and water use efficiency whilst increasing canopy temperature
Authors: VanLoocke Andy , Betzelberger Amy M. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. , Bernacchi Carl J. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryHere, we investigated the effects of increasing concentrations of ozone ([O3]) on soybean canopy‐scale fluxes of heat and water vapor, as well as water use efficiency (WUE), at the Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility.Micrometeorological measurements were made to determine the net radiation (Rn), sensible heat flux (H), soil heat flux (G0) and latent heat flux (λET) of a commercial soybean (Glycine max) cultivar (Pioneer 93B15), exposed to a gradient of eight daytime average ozone concentrations ranging from approximately current (c. 40 ppb) to three times current (c. 120 ppb) levels.As [O3] increased, soybean canopy fluxes ofλETdecreased andHincreased, whereasRnandG0were not altered significantly. Exposure to increased [O3] also resulted in warmer canopies, especially during the day. The lowerλETdecreased season total evapotranspiration (ET) byc. 26%. The [O3]‐induced relative decline inETwas half that of the relative decline in seed yield, driving a 50% reduction in seasonal WUE.These results suggest that rising [O3] will alter the canopy energy fluxes that drive regional climate and hydrology, and have a negative impact on productivity and WUE, key ecosystem services.
Event‐related EEG time–frequency analysis and the Orienting Reflex to auditory stimuli
Authors: Barry Robert J. , Steiner Genevieve Z. , De Blasio Frances M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSokolov's classic works discussed electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha desynchronization as a measure of the Orienting Reflex (OR). Early studies confirmed that this reduced with repeated auditory stimulation, but without reliable stimulus‐significance effects. We presented an auditory habituation series with counterbalanced indifferent and significant (counting) instructions. Time–frequency analysis of electrooculogram (EOG)‐corrected EEG was used to explore prestimulus levels and the timing and amplitude of event‐related increases and decreases in 4 classic EEG bands. Decrement over trials and response recovery were substantial for the transient increase (in delta, theta, and alpha) and subsequent desynchronization (in theta, alpha, and beta). There was little evidence of dishabituation and few effects of counting. Expected effects in stimulus‐induced alpha desynchronization were confirmed. Two EEG response patterns over trials and conditions, distinct from the full OR pattern, warrant further research.
Enhanced error‐related negativity on flanker errors: Error expectancy or error significance?
Authors: Maier Martin E. , di Pellegrino Giuseppe , Steinhauser Marco 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe present study investigated whether the error‐related negativity, an electrophysiological marker for performance monitoring, reflects (1) the expectancy of errors, or (2) the significance of errors for the current task goal. In the first case, a larger error‐related negativity is predicted for less expected errors, whereas in the second case, a larger error‐related negativity is predicted for errors with greater significance. To test these predictions, we varied flanker size in a flanker task. With large flankers, more errors occurred by executing the response associated with the flankers (flanker errors) leading to a greater expectancy of flanker errors. As revealed by a multinomial model, these additional flanker errors represented highly significant attention errors, leading to an increased error significance. The error‐related negativity was larger for flanker errors with large flankers, which supports the error significance account.
An event‐related potentials study of face naming: Evidence of phonological retrieval deficit in the tip‐of‐the‐tongue state
Authors: Buján Ana , Galdo‐Álvarez Santiago , Lindín Mónica , Díaz Fernando 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA famous‐face naming task was used to establish the electrophysiological characterization of the tip‐of‐the‐tongue (TOT) state, successful naming (K), and nonrecognition (DK). The differences in the direct event‐related potentials (ERPs) and in the lateralized readiness potential between those categories were studied. The ERP correlates of recognition and access to semantic and lexical information were similar between K and TOT, but showed amplitude differences with respect to DK. A delayed onset of the response selection was obtained in TOT in comparison with K, suggesting an insufficient activation of phonological information from 360 ms onwards. The continuous search for the name and the conflict monitoring in TOT led to differences in ERP amplitudes between TOT and the other categories from 750 ms onwards as well as to a delayed onset of response preparation, indicating a continuous engagement of processing resources.
Elemental status (Cu, Mo, Co, B, S and Zn) of Scottish agricultural soils compared with a soil‐based risk assessment
Authors: Edwards A. C. , Coull M. , Sinclair A. H. , Walker R. L. , Watson C. A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractConcentrations of six elements copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co), boron (B), sulphur (S) and zinc (Zn) are summarized for Scottish advisory soil samples collected during the period 1996–2008. Accompanying cropping information indicated that the majority of samples collected for Co analysis were from grassland compared with B, S and Zn where sampling was predominantly prior to either potatoes or vegetables. The proportion of samples measured as potentially deficient [very low (VL) or low categories] were 80% for Co, compared with 50, 40, 38, 25 and 18% for Mo, S, Zn, Cu and B, respectively. Only S displayed a significant decline (ca. 2 mg S/kg) over this 13‐year period. However, comparison of Cu and Co data with some collected from an earlier time period (1973–1980) suggested little difference for Cu but a smaller number of VL and low Co status samples. A predicted risk assessment using soil parent material, texture and drainage status suggested that 22, 38 and 40% of the agricultural area of Scotland were at a high, medium and low risk of Cu deficiency; comparable numbers for Co were 48, 30 and 22%. The reliability of the risk assessment was tested using a sub‐set of advisory samples with specific information on soil series. Of the soils predicted to have a high risk of Cu deficiency, 52% actually fell into the ‘deficient’ status. A similar comparison for Co indicated 90% of the samples predicted as having a high risk of deficiency were measured as VL or low.
Rehospitalization in a National Population of Home Health Care Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Madigan Elizabeth A. , Gordon Nahida H. , Fortinsky Richard H. , Koroukian Siran M. , Piña Ileana , Riggs Jennifer S. 
Published: April 2012

ObjectivePatients with heart failure (HF) have high rates of rehospitalization. Home health care (HHC) patients with HF are not well studied in this regard. The objectives of this study were to determine patient, HHC agency, and geographic (i.e., area variation) factors related to 30‐day rehospitalization in a national population of HHC patients with HF, and to describe the extent to which rehospitalizations were potentially avoidable.Data SourcesChronic Condition Warehouse data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.Study DesignRetrospective cohort design.Data ExtractionThe 2005 national population of HHC patients was matched with hospital and HHC claims, the Provider of Service file, and the Area Resource File.Principal FindingsThe 30‐day rehospitalization rate was 26 percent with 42 percent of patients having cardiac‐related diagnoses for the rehospitalization. Factors with the strongest association with rehospitalization were consistent between the multilevel model and Cox proportional hazard models: number of prior hospital stays, higher HHC visit intensity category, and dyspnea severity at HHC admission. Substantial numbers of rehospitalizations were judged to be potentially avoidable.ConclusionsThe persistently high rates of rehospitalization have been difficult to address. There are health care‐specific actions and policy implications that are worth examining to improve rehospitalization rates.
Why do Victims of the Tsunami Return to the Coast?
Authors: UEDA KYOKO , TORIGOE HIROYUKI 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to clarify why people continuously live in places where a specific natural disaster comes with apparent frequency. Even after a natural disaster of tremendous scale occurs, some victims attempt to remain or later return “home” while inviting the risk of experiencing further catastrophe. Why do people opt to continuously live where they are prone to natural disasters instead of living at a distance from the coastline? Especially for those who have just experienced the tsunami; what motivates them to make the decision to go back to the coast?As the case study of a community in a fishing village indicates, people know that life near the coast is inevitably entwined with both the severity and fertility of the sea. In other words, what people know is that they cannot have one without the other. Both sides of the sea have conditioned the life of people and that is what they have adapted to. Because of their closeness to the sea, the fertility they have enjoyed and the vulnerability as a coastal community are inseparable for them. When the tsunami struck, they did not know how to save all members of the community, their homes, nor their ships. Whereas, they did know how they should adapt to the inherent instability of their coastal community and how they should revive the community. This process would unfold only after having an understanding of the way in which they needed to adapt to their local bay. As a coastal community they were ready to accept their vulnerability, even immediately after the destruction of the tsunami, as it was the condition in which to enjoy the fertility of the sea as their ancestors had done throughout history.
The Nuclear Power Plant as God
Authors: OHSAWA MASACHI 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThere is a theological meaning to the disaster at the Fukushima nuclear power plants. I can clarify this meaning through a sociological investigation of the significance of nuclear power in post‐war Japan. First, as preparation, I will compare the ideology of Christ to that of John the Baptist. Christ thought that we had already arrived at the Kingdom of God. This idea led to the activist aspect of Christ. Second, I will show that nuclear power was considered as a key for the gate to the Kingdom of God in Japan. We can distinguish three stages in Japan's post‐war period: the ideal, the fictive and the impossible. It was nuclear power that embodied the ideal during the first era. Third, I will explain how the Japanese fascination with nuclear power has been compatible with Japanese aversion toward it. For the Japanese, the nuclear power plant seemed to be like non‐alcoholic beer. In the fourth and fifth parts, I will prove that the nuclear disaster implies a message equivalent to Christ's announcement. Theodicy is an answer to the question of irrational misfortune in a world created by God. However the Book of Job as ultimate theodicy shows paradoxically the incompetence of God. This situation is similar to the disaster at Fukushima, which demonstrated the incompetence of nuclear power (as God). The distance between Job and Christ is short, because if God plays the role of Job himself, it becomes Christ. We will explain why Christ's message can be a call for revolutionary social movement.
Disaster‐time Economy and an Economy of Morals: A Different Economic Order from the Market Economy under Globalization*
Authors: NITAGAI KAMON 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWith the experience of two severe disasters (the Hanshin Awaji Earthquake disaster of 1995 and the Great East Japan Earthquake disaster of 2011), I wish to consider “subsistence” as human life, existence equaling the basic activities of life, an essential mutual act‐like existence economy. In this paper, I pursue a positive development of “disaster‐time economics” as a research object under the larger framework of the formation of a “moral economy,” as part of a critical process. In this paper, in order that a stricken area and society may aim at the realization of a new methodology about “creative revival” for newly developing independent research involving the state of the revival fund of a wide sense is carried out.Nevertheless, there is an overall understanding of who, in what areas, and using what methodology, has conducted research in the restoration and revival process, as well as the weak points that tend to hinder the process. There is no research on the rationality and function of public finance expenditures or national sources expenditures.Therefore, in this paper, the term “disaster‐time economy” is newly prepared. From this concept, many activities of the project, service, support, self‐efforts etc. of a social and private domain are grasped from a public sphere in connection with the process of maintenance/restoration under the disaster. The feature and subject point of the process are clarified. The market economy order that is going to be produced in this process does the basic work and determines the economic order for another self‐subsistence over life.
Cardiovascular abnormalities in obstructive cholestasis: the possible mechanisms
Authors: Moezi Leila , Dehpour Ahmad R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCholestatic liver disease is associated with widespread derangements in the cardiovascular system, such as bradycardia, hypotension, QT prolongation and peripheral vasodilation; it is also associated with increased susceptibility to postoperative renal failure and haemorrhagic shock. A number of cellular signalling pathways have been shown to contribute to these abnormalities. In this article, we briefly review recent in vivo and in vitro findings in the field in an attempt to highlight the areas of agreement and areas of controversy. In this review, we will summarize pathogenic mechanisms underlying cardiac and vascular abnormalities in obstructive cholestasis. It seems that cardiovascular dysfunction is likely because of bile acids as one of the predominant factors. Other important factors which might play roles in these abnormalities are increased nitric oxide, endogenous opioids and endocannabinoids. These three factors interact with each other to exert vasodilation and impaired cardiovascular responses to sympathetic stimulation.
Long‐term outcome after cognitive and behavioral regression in nonlesional epilepsy with continuous spike‐waves during slow‐wave sleep
Authors: Seegmüller Caroline , Deonna Thierry , Mayor Dubois Claire , Valenti‐Hirsch Maria‐Paula , Hirsch Edouard , Metz‐Lutz Marie‐Noëlle , de Saint Martin Anne , Roulet‐Perez Eliane 
Published: April 2012

SummaryPurpose: To present the long‐term follow‐up of 10 adolescents and young adults with documented cognitive and behavioral regression as children due to nonlesional focal, mainly frontal, epilepsy with continuous spike‐waves during slow wave sleep (CSWS).Methods: Past medical and electroencephalography (EEG) data were reviewed and neuropsychological tests exploring main cognitive functions were administered.Key Findings: After a mean duration of follow‐up of 15.6 years (range, 8–23 years), none of the 10 patients had recovered fully, but four regained borderline to normal intelligence and were almost independent. Patients with prolonged global intellectual regression had the worst outcome, whereas those with more specific and short‐lived deficits recovered best. The marked behavioral disorders resolved in all but one patient. Executive functions were neither severely nor homogenously affected. Three patients with a frontal syndrome during the active phase (AP) disclosed only mild residual executive and social cognition deficits. The main cognitive gains occurred shortly after the AP, but qualitative improvements continued to occur. Long‐term outcome correlated best with duration of CSWS.Significance: Our findings emphasize that cognitive recovery after cessation of CSWS depends on the severity and duration of the initial regression. None of our patients had major executive and social cognition deficits with preserved intelligence, as reported in adults with early destructive lesions of the frontal lobes. Early recognition of epilepsy with CSWS and rapid introduction of effective therapy are crucial for a best possible outcome.