bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI and histologic analysis of collagen type II sponge on repairing the cartilage defects of rabbit knee joints
Authors: Chen Honghui , Yang Xiaohong , Liao Yingyang , Zeng Xuwen , Liang Peihong , Kang Ning , Tan Jianrong , Liang Zhiping 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThere are limited treatment options for cartilage defects in clinical practice because of the lack of suitable biomaterials. Here, we evaluated the effects of collagen type II sponge on the articular cartilage repairing process using a cartilage injury of a rabbit knee joint model. We showed that the home‐made collagen type II sponges appeared to have a suitable pore size of 93.26 ± 38.4 μm for chondrocyte growth. MRI with H&E staining results demonstrated that the effusion absorption in the collagen type II sponge treated group was quicker than that of the control group. Moreover, sporadic cartilage signals first appeared at 6 weeks in the collagen type II sponge treated group. Safranin O staining and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that the newly formed cartilage expresses glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen matrix. Using Sirius red polarized light staining, we showed that the newly formed cartilage‐like areas from the collagen type II treated group are significantly greater than those of the control group. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the home‐made collagen type II sponge is able to promote cartilage repair in the cartilage injury of a rabbit knee joint model. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Acquisition speed comparison of microscope software programs
Authors: Biehlmaier Oliver , Hehl Joachim , Csucs Gabor 
Published: November 2010

AbstractReliable software is a prerequisite for successful operation of a modern wide field fluorescence microscope. When used for live cell imaging, acquisition speed is of particular interest. This is both because biological processes can be highly‐dynamic, and to avoid unnecessary photobleaching and phototoxicity of living samples. This article shows that besides the hardware (microscope) components themselves, the acquisition control software is an important influencing factor of speed performance. We tested and compared the speed performance of five different generic applications (Image‐Pro Plus, MetaMorph, Micro‐Manager, SlideBook, and Volocity) using typical experimental setups involving a single specific state‐of‐the‐art fluorescence microscope configuration. The test measurements included multichannel experiments, z‐stacking, burst acquisition, as well as combinations of these measurements with time‐lapse acquisitions. The measured data provided values for guiding the testing and analysis of other microscope systems with similar configurations. Despite the identical hardware settings, significant and surprisingly large speed differences were evident among the various software applications. Additionally, no application was identifiable as the fastest in all tests. Our work pinpoints the importance of the control software in determining a system's “real” maximal imaging speed. The study could serve as basis for further tests, eventually influencing the system selection criteria for speed‐sensitive applications. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology and histochemistry of the intramandibular glands in Attini and Ponerini (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) species
Authors: Martins Luiza Carla Barbosa , Serrão José Eduardo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn understanding of the internal morphology of the ant mandible is important in explaining the relationship between the exocrine system and the behavioral and phylogenetic characteristics of different subfamilies of Formicidae. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of intramandibular glands in ants from the Ponerini (Ponerinae) and Attini (Myrmicinae). These ants possess glands from classes I and III, and secretory epithelial cells with a reservoir. The intramandibular glands show a distinct histology in the studied species, varying in their location, degree of development, and chemical content. Using this information, it is possible to hypothesize that the glands from different tribes produce different substances, which may indicate a variety of functions, depending on the chemical nature of the cellular constituents. A cladistic analysis using the characters of the intramandibular glands separated both tribes, suggesting that structural differences in the intramandibular glands may contribute to future phylogenetic studies of the Formicidae. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The distribution of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and dendritic‐like cells of the anal tonsil in the laboratory shrew, Suncus murinus
Authors: Sakai Kazuyoshi , Isomura Genzoh , Shinzato Masanori , Imada Hideki , Yamada Keiki 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe investigated the distribution of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and S‐100 protein‐immunoreactive dendritic‐like in the anal tonsil of the laboratory shrew, Suncus murinus. In adult animals, T lymphocytes were located mainly at the periphery of the anal tonsil, especially around small blood vessels. B lymphocytes were located in the central and subepithelial region of the anal tonsil, which includes primary lymphoid follicles, and in which there are small numbers of scattered T lymphocytes. B and T lymphocytes were distributed over 72.7 and 27.3% of the tonsillar area, respectively. However, their areas of distribution were not clearly distinguished. The areas containing B lymphocytes were enriched in S‐100 protein antibody‐immunoreactive cells, which exhibited a dendritic shape. These S‐100‐positive cells appeared to be identical to the follicular dendritic cells (FDC) seen in the follicles of lymphoid organs. These results suggest that the anal tonsils constitute one of the gut‐associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), and that a function of the anal tonsil includes the capture of intruding antigens that would generate protective antibody responses. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Child poverty, well‐being and agency: What does a ‘3‐D well‐being’ approach contribute?
Authors: Sumner Andy 
Published: November 2010

AbstractChildhood poverty and well‐being are distinct from adult poverty and well‐being both in quality and quantity. A 3‐dimensional well‐being approach is a means to capture that distinctiveness in a holistic way and thus complement more traditional ways of conceptualising and measuring child poverty and well‐being. This paper discusses what a 3‐dimensional (3‐D) well‐being approach contributes to understanding child poverty and child agency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The intended and unintended consequences of social protection on school dropout in post‐crisis Indonesia
Authors: Ha Wei , Mendoza Ronald 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe paper uses data from the Village Potential Surveys (PODES) (63 000 villages, surveyed in 1996 and 2000) to show the lessons that can be learned in responding to economic crisis from Indonesia's Social Safety Net Program or Jaring Pengaman Sosial (JPS). It focuses on the JPS scholarship component, analysing its impact on primary and secondary school dropout at the community level. It finds that the scholarship program reduces the chance of dropout in primary school but not in junior secondary school. Participation in the government's employment creation programs is significantly and positively correlated with dropout, suggesting that given the opportunity junior secondary school students will drop out to support their families. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety nets or investment in the future: Does food aid have any long‐term impact on children's growth?
Authors: Porter Catherine 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article investigates child nutrition in rural Ethiopia, examining anthropometric information collected on children aged below 5 years in 1995, and again almost 10 years later for the now young adults in 2004. It finds that children who were malnourished in their early years are far more likely to be stunted 10 years later on. The article examines the role that food aid plays in mitigating the impact of adverse events and finds that it does have a lasting effect and could have even more impact if well targeted and delivered. The findings underline the importance of investing in early childhood nutrition and tailoring public programmes to meet the needs of children. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medium‐term effects of household poverty on child well‐being: A study in a subsample of pre‐school children in rural Mexico
Authors: Valadez Laura 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the medium‐term effects of poverty and infant care practices on well‐being indicators of pre‐school children in rural Mexico. The results of a survey that used Structural Equation Modelling show that household poverty adversely affects cognitive outcomes. Care, proxied by breast feeding and vaccinations, has significant positive effects on cognitive outcomes and it is positively affected maternal education. When socio‐demographic controls are included, ethnicity is a stronger predictor of well‐being than early household poverty, evoking the long‐term systemic deprivation associated with having an indigenous background. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poverty, adolescent well‐being and outcomes later in life
Authors: Tomlinson Mark , Walker Robert 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of various factors in childhood (such as poverty, parental guidance, educational orientation, self‐esteem and delinquent behaviour) on outcomes later in life. Using data from the British Household Panel Survey which incorporates a survey of children aged 11–15 years (also known as the British Youth Panel (BYP)) the technique of Structural Equation Modelling is employed to show the relative impact of these factors on educational attainment and employment status when the respondents were in their late 20s. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The logical consequence relation of propositional tense logic
Authors: Thomason S. K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis work concerns the model theory of propositional tense logic with the Kripke relational semantics. It is shown (i) that there is a formula y whose logical consequences form a complete II set, and (ii) that for 0 ≦ m < ω+ ω there are formulas γm such that all models of γm are isomorphic and have cardinality xm, where x0 = χ0, xm+1 = 2xm, and xω = lim{xm < | m ω}. Familiarity with the relational semantics for modal and tense logic ([1] or [3], for example) will be presumed. A knowledge of recursion theory would be helpful, although some background material will be provided.
Computability of Self‐Similar Sets
Authors: Kamo Hiroyasu , Kawamura Kiko 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe investigate computability of a self‐similar set on a Euclidean space. A nonempty compact subset of a Euclidean space is called a self‐similar set if it equals to the union of the images of itself by some set of contractions. The main result in this paper is that if all of the contractions are computable, then the self‐similar set is a recursive compact set. A further result on the case that the self‐similar set forms a curve is also discussed.
Weak Hausdorff Gaps and the 𝔭 ≤ t Problem
Authors: Keremedis Kyriakos 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe find topological characterizations of the pseudointersection number 𝔭 and the tower number t of the real line and we show that 𝔭 < t iff there exists a compact separable T2 space X of π‐weight < 𝔭 that can be covered by < t nowhere dense sets iff there exists a weak Hausdorff gap of size K < t, i. e., a pair ({A : i ≠ k}, {BJ : j ε K}) C [W]W X [U]W such that A = {Ai : i ε K} is a decreasing tower, B = {Bj : j ε K) is a family of pseudointersections of A, and there is no pseudointersection S of A meeting each member of B in an infinite set.
Existentially Incomplete Tame Models and a Conjecture of Ellentuck
Authors: McLaughlin Thomas G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe construct a recursive ultrapower F/U such that F/U is a tame 1‐model in the sense of [6, §3] and FU is existentially incomplete in the models of II2 arithmetic. This enables us to answer in the negative a question about closure with respect to recursive fibers of certain special semirings Γ of isols termed tame models by Barback. Erik Ellentuck had conjuctured that all such semirings enjoy the closure property in question. Our result is that while many do, some do not.
Exact Pairs for Abstract Bounded Reducibilities
Authors: Merkle Wolfgang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn an attempt to give a unified account of common properties of various resource bounded reducibilities, we introduce conditions on a binary relation ≤rbetween subsets of the natural numbers, where ≤ris meant as a resource bounded reducibility. The conditions are a formalization of basic features shared by most resource bounded reducibilities which can be found in the literature. As our main technical result, we show that these conditions imply a result about exact pairs which has been previously shown by Ambos‐Spies [2] in a setting of polynomial time bounds: given some recursively presentable ≤r‐idealIand some recursive ≤r‐hard setBforIwhich is not contained inI, there is some recursive setC, whereBandCare an exact pair forI, that is,Iis equal to the intersection of the lower ≤r‐cones ofBandC, whereCis not inI. In particular, if the relation ≤ris in addition transitive and there are least sets, then every recursive set which is not in the least degree is half of a minimal pair of recursive sets.
Special Model Axiom in Nonstandard Set Theory
Authors: Kanovei Vladimir , Reeken Michael 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe demonstrate that the special model axiom SMA of Ross admits a natural formalization in Kawai's nonstandard set theory KST but is independent of KST. As an application of our methods to classical model theory, we present a short proof of the consistency (with ZFC) of the existence of a k+ like k‐saturated model of PA for a given cardinal k.
Reconstructible and Half‐Reconstructible Tournaments: Application to Their Groups of Hemimorphisms
Authors: Boudabbous Youssef 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLet T and T1 be tournaments with n elements, E a basis for T, E′ a basis for T′, and k ≥ 3 an integer. The dual of T is the tournament T” of basis E defined by T(x, y) = T(y, x) for all x, y ε E. A hemimorphism from T onto T′ is an isomorphism from T onto T” or onto T. A k‐hemimorphism from T onto T′ is a bijection f from E to E′ such that for any subset X of E of order k the restrictions T/X and T1/f(X) are hemimorphic. The set of hemimorphisms of T onto itself has group structure, this group is called the group of hemimorphisms of T. In this work, we study the restrictions to n – 2 elements of a tournament with n elements. In particular, we prove: Let k ≥ 3 be an integer, T a tournament with n elements, where n ≥ k + 5. Then the following statements are equivalent: (i) All restrictions of T to subsets with n – 2 elements are k‐hemimorphic. (ii) All restrictions of T to subsets with n – 2 elements are 3‐hemimorphic. (iii) All restrictions of T to subsets with n – 2 elements are hemimorphic. (iv) All restrictions of T to subsets with n – 2 elements are isomorphic, (v) Either T is a strict total order, or the group of hemimorphisms of T is 2‐homogeneous.
Lp‐Computability
Authors: Zhong Ning , Zhang Bing‐Yu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this paper we investigate conditions for Lp‐computability which are in accordance with the classical Grzegorczyk notion of computability for a continuous function. For a given computable real number p ≥ 1 and a compact computable rectangle I ⊂ ℝq, we show that an Lp function f ∈ Lp(I) is LP‐computable if and only if (i) f is sequentially computable as a linear functional and (ii) the Lp‐modulus function of f is effectively continuous at the origin of ℝq.
On Finite Model Property for Admissible Rules
Authors: Rybakov Vladimir V. , Kiyatkin Vladimir R. , Oner Tahsin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOur investigation is concerned with the finite model property (fmp) with respect to admissible rules. We establish general sufficient conditions for absence of fmp w. r. t. admissibility which are applicable to modal logics containing K4: Theorem 3.1 says that no logic λ containing K4 with the co‐cover property and of width > 2 has fmp w. r. t. admissibility. Surprisingly many, if not to say all, important modal logics of width > 2 are within the scope of this theorem–K4 itself, S4, GL, K4.1, K4.2, S4.1, S4.2, GL.2, etc. Thus the situation is completely opposite to the case of the ordinary fmp–the absolute majority of important logics have fmp, but not with respect to admissibility. As regards logics of width ≤ 2, there exists a zone for fmp w. r. t. admissibility. It is shown (Theorem 4.3) that all modal logics A of width ≤ 2 extending S4 which are not sub‐logics of three special tabular logics (which is equipotent to all these λ extend a certain subframe logic defined over S4 by omission of four special frames) have fmp w.r.t. admissibility.
Pluronics as crosslinking agents for collagen: novel amphiphilic hydrogels
Authors: Homenick Christa M , de Silveira Glynis , Sheardown Heather , Adronov Alex 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA series of Pluronic samples (L61, L121, F68, F108) were investigated as collagen crosslinking agents to determine their ability to improve the Young's modulus of a collagen hydrogel, while simultaneously serving as surfactants for single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The crosslinked collagen matrices were prepared by blending type I bovine collagen with either Pluronics or SWNTs dispersed in an aqueous Pluronic solution and crosslinked utilizing carbodiimide chemistry. The resulting material was a crosslinked collagen hydrogel with sufficient mechanical strength to be manipulated and transferred without damaging the matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry confirmed a change in the denaturation temperature for hydrogels prepared using Pluronic or Pluronic/SWNT solutions. Water uptake analysis confirmed the crosslinked matrices to be hydrogels. These collagen hydrogels produced with Pluronics as the crosslinking agents exhibited a Young's modulus 3 to 9 times greater than collagen hydrogels produced in the absence of any crosslinking agent, regardless of polymer molecular weight. However, non‐covalent incorporation of SWNTs was not found to affect the Young's modulus of the resulting collagen hydrogels at the incorporation levels achieved with the Pluronics surfactants. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Aminolytic depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste in a microwave reactor
Authors: Achilias Dimitris S , Tsintzou Georgia P , Nikolaidis Alexandros K , Bikiaris Dimitris N , Karayannidis George P 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe aminolytic depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) taken from waste soft‐drink bottles, under microwave irradiation, is proposed as a recycling method with possible substantial energy savings. The reaction was carried out with ethanolamine and without the use of any other catalyst in a sealed microwave reactor in which the pressure and temperature were controlled and recorded. Experiments under constant temperature or microwave power were carried out for several time periods. The main product, bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalamide, was identified from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and DSC measurements. It was found that PET depolymerization is favoured by increasing temperature, time and microwave power. The average molecular weight of the PET residues, determined using viscosity measurements, was found to decrease with the percentage of PET degradation, indicating a random chain scission mechanism to some extent. From a simple kinetic model, the activation energy of the reaction was evaluated. Complete depolymerization was found to occur in less than 5 min when the irradiation power applied was 100 W or the temperature was 260 °C. These results support the use of microwave‐assisted aminolytic degradation as a very beneficial method for the recycling of PET wastes. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Longitudinal measures of lung function in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Filbrun Amy G. , Popova Antonia P. , Linn Marisa J. , McIntosh Nancy A. , Hershenson Marc B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that infants with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) exhibit airflow obstruction and air trapping. The purpose of this study was to assess longitudinal changes in pulmonary function in infants with a history of BPD over the first 3 years of life, and the relationship to somatic growth. Spirometry was measured using the raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression technique, and lung volumes measured by plethysmography. Eighteen infants (mean gestational age ± SD 27.3 ± 2.2 weeks, birthweight 971 ± 259 g) underwent two lung function studies. Average age at first test was 58.8 weeks. Spirometry demonstrated significant reductions in forced expiratory volume in 0.5 sec (FEV0.5, 76.0 ± 15.9% predicted, Z‐score −2.13 ± 1.69), forced expiratory flow at 75% of expired forced vital capacity (FEF75, 54.8 ± 31.1%, −3.58 ± 2.73), and FEF25–75 (67.8 ± 33.3%, −1.79 ± 1.76). Group mean total lung capacity (TLC) was in the low normal range (82.9 ± 13.5% predicted) and residual volume (RV)/TLC was mildly elevated (122.4 ± 38.2% predicted). Repeat testing was performed an average of 32.7 weeks after initial testing. At re‐evaluation, group mean lung volumes and flows tracked at or near their previous values; thus, in general, there was a lack of catch‐up growth. However, compared to infants with below average or average somatic growth (as represented by g/day), infants with above average growth showed significantly greater improvements in percent predicted FVC, FEV0.5, TLC, and RV/TLC (all P < 0.05, ANOVA). We conclude that longitudinal measures of pulmonary function in infants and young children with BPD demonstrate significant airflow obstruction and modest restriction, which tends to persist with time. On the other hand, infants with above average somatic growth showed greater lung growth than their peers. Additional studies examining the effects of various nutritional regimens on lung function are warranted. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:369–375. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploring the factors determining the dynamics of different protein folds
Authors: Hollup S. M. , Fuglebakk E. , Taylor W. R. , Reuter N. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNormal mode analyses of homologous proteins at the family and superfamily level show that slow dynamics are similar and are preserved through evolution. This study investigates how the slow dynamics of proteins is affected by variation in the protein architecture and fold. For this purpose, we have used computer‐generated protein models based on idealized protein structures with varying folds. These are shown to be protein‐like in their behavior, and they are used to investigate the influence of architecture and fold on the slow dynamics. We compared the dynamics of models having different folds but similar architecture and found the architecture to be the dominant factor for the slow dynamics.