bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The live bird trade in Brazil and its conservation implications: an overview
Authors: NÓBREGA ALVES RÔMULO ROMEU , DE FARIAS LIMA JOSÉ RIBAMAR , ARAUJO HELDER FARIAS P. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryBrazil’s rich biological and cultural diversity makes it an exceptional location for examining the commerce in live wild birds and its implications for conservation. This paper catalogues the live bird species being traded in Brazil, characterises the trade in these animals, and discusses the implications for avian conservation. In spite of being illegal, capturing and selling birds is still a very common practice in Brazil and involves many actors who make up part of a large commercial network that distributes wild animals to every corner of the country. Our survey revealed that at least 295 bird species are illegally sold as pets in Brazil, with estimates derived from this data pointing to a total of more than 400 species - about 23% of the number of extant bird species in the country. Of the bird species recorded, two were classified as “Critically Endangered”, nine as “Endangered”, six as “Vulnerable”, and 19 as “Near Threatened” according to the most recent IUCN Red List. Most of the species recorded in this study as being widely bought and sold (including on the international market) are not listed by CITES even though many of them are in fact threatened. In light of the widespread illegal trade in wild birds in Brazil and the conservation implications for the species involved, there is an urgent need for actions that can control these activities. Steps should be taken to address the illegal traffic directly and these must include monitoring, law enforcement, effective sentencing (including deterrent sentences), targeting end-users, captive breeding, and education at all levels, taking into account the cultural, economic, social, and ecological aspects of the human populations involved.
COMPENDIUM: a text summarisation tool for generating summaries of multiple purposes, domains, and genres
Authors: LLORET ELENA , PALOMAR MANUEL 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we present a Text Summarisation tool,compendium, capable of generating the most common types of summaries. Regarding the input, single- and multi-document summaries can be produced; as the output, the summaries can be extractive or abstractive-oriented; and finally, concerning their purpose, the summaries can be generic, query-focused, or sentiment-based. The proposed architecture forcompendiumis divided in various stages, making a distinction between core and additional stages. The former constitute the backbone of the tool and are common for the generation of any type of summary, whereas the latter are used for enhancing the capabilities of the tool. The main contributions ofcompendiumwith respect to the state-of-the-art summarisation systems are that (i) it specifically deals with the problem of redundancy, by means of textual entailment; (ii) it combines statistical and cognitive-based techniques for determining relevant content; and (iii) it proposes an abstractive-oriented approach for facing the challenge of abstractive summarisation. The evaluation performed in different domains and textual genres, comprising traditional texts, as well as texts extracted from the Web 2.0, shows thatcompendiumis very competitive and appropriate to be used as a tool for generating summaries.
Cognitive behavioural therapy for depression in advanced Parkinson's disease: a case illustration
Authors: Richardson Thomas , Marshall Ann 
Published: July 2012

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is associated with significant symptoms of depression. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been shown to be effective for depression in PD. However, much of the previous research focuses on working with younger adults in the earlier stages of the disease, despite evidence for greater risk of depression when PD symptoms are more severe. This paper provides a case illustration of using CBT for depression with an 84-year-old man with advanced PD. The results of an assessment are described and a psychological formulation is presented. The specific adaptations made to the therapy and illustrations of the content of therapy are discussed. This intervention resulted in improvements in global mental health and moderate reductions in depression. However, there was no effect on anxiety. This case highlights the complexity of conducting CBT with this population, and further research is needed to determine the modifications necessary to make such interventions effective.
The ocean in near equilibrium with atmospheric methyl bromide
Authors: Hu Lei , Yvon‐Lewis Shari , Liu Yina , Bianchi Thomas S. 
Published: July 2012

Saturation‐anomaly measurements of methyl bromide (CH3Br) were made in the eastern Pacific (3/30–4/27, 2010) and the eastern Atlantic (10/25–11/26, 2010) to assess the oceanic saturation state as the phaseout of fumigation ‐ non‐Quarantine and Pre‐Shipment (non‐QPS) uses of CH3Br nears completion and atmospheric concentrations continue to decline. These cruises occurred 16 years after the Bromine Latitudinal Air‐Sea Transect (BLAST) cruises, which were conducted in the same regions and first established a global oceanic net sink of −12.6 Gg yr−1 for atmospheric CH3Br in 1994. Results from this study suggest saturation anomalies of CH3Br in the surface ocean have become less negative than those observed 16 years ago as the atmospheric burden has declined over the past decade. The global net sea‐to‐air flux was estimated at 0 to 3 Gg yr−1 in 2010, suggesting that the ocean may become a net small source to atmospheric CH3Br. There are no significant differences between this study and previous studies for measured biological loss rate constants and calculated annual production rates, suggesting that annual production rates and biological degradation rate constants for CH3Br in the surface ocean have likely remained relatively constant over the past 16 years. When including the biological loss rate constants from this study and all previous studies, the mean global biological loss rate constant is constrained to 0.05 ± 0.01 d−1 (at a 95% confidence level). Combining chemical and eddy degradation rate constants, and using an updated gas transfer velocity, we estimate the CH3Br partial atmospheric lifetime with respect to oceanic loss to be 3.1 (2.3 to 5.0) years. Although the new partial atmospheric lifetime is about 1.3 years longer than the best prior estimate, it does not change the overall atmospheric lifetime of CH3Br, 0.8 (0.7–0.9) years.
Asymmetric magnetosphere deformation driven by hot flow anomaly(ies)
Authors: Šafránková J. , Goncharov O. , Němeček Z. , Přech L. , Sibeck D. G. 
Published: July 2012

We present a case study of a large deformation of the magnetopause on November 26, 2008. The investigation is based on observations of five THEMIS spacecraft located at the dawn flank in the magnetosphere and magnetosheath, on Cluster measurements at the dusk magnetosheath, and is supported by ACE solar wind monitoring. The main revelation of our study is that the interaction of the IMF discontinuity with the bow shock creates either one very elongated hot flow anomaly (HFA) or a pair of them that is (are) simultaneously observed at both flanks. Whereas the dusk HFA is weak and does not cause observable deformation of the magnetopause, the pressure variations connected with the dawn HFA lead to a magnetopause displacement by ≈5 RE outward from its nominal position. This is followed by a rapid inward motion of the magnetopause ≈4 RE inward with respect to the model location. The surface deformation is so large that the outermost THEMIS spacecraft was in the magnetosphere, whereas the spacecraft located 9 RE inbound entered into the magnetosheath at the same time. The whole event lasted about 5 minutes.
A Perspective on Perspectives: Methods to Reduce Variation in Shape Analysis of Digital Images
Authors: Muir A. M. , Vecsei P. , Krueger C. C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe present digital imaging methods for geometric morphometric analysis of shape, and we describe issues associated with improper image acquisition by using lake troutSalvelinus namaycushas an example. The choice of imaging equipment, the configuration of that equipment, and the orientation of the specimens with respect to the camera lens can lead to inaccurate imaging and ultimately to error in landmark placement during morphometric analysis. Lake trout that were imaged at 15‐mm focal length and 0.5‐m focal distance (treatment 1) were distorted in comparison with fish that were imaged at 50‐mm focal length and 2‐m focal distance (treatment 2). Deformation grids showed dramatic variation in the horizontal plane along the length of the fish, especially midbody, suggesting that barrel distortion was occurring at the 15‐mm focal length. Partial warp scores resulting from geometric analysis of body shape differed for all fish on all 18 warps as a result of the different focal length and distance treatments for image capture. To minimize perspective (orientation) and distortion (equipment) errors, we recommend using a digital single‐lens reflex camera (>5 megapixels) with a lens that has a focal length exceeding 35 mm, a horizontal tripod to position the lens directly over the specimen, a mesh cradle to create a planar imaging surface, and dissection pins to display the fish in a standard orientation. The method presented herein will aid in reducing measurement error associated with landmark homology and will promote comparability of geometric shape data among studies.
Effects of a health‐promotion programme in sixth grade German students' physical education
Authors: Höner Oliver , Demetriou Yolanda 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the effects of a school‐based health‐promotion programme in physical education (PE) on sixth grade German students' motor performance, BMI and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). In a quasi‐experimental design, 516 students (54.7% girls) were assigned to either the intervention group (IG) that received eight 90‐minute health‐promoting PE lessons or the control group (CG), which continued regular PE. Outcome variables were assessed at baseline, immediately after, and three months after the intervention in order to explore significant short‐ and middle‐term intervention effects, respectively. The intervention programme had gender specific effects in motor performance with girls reaching higher levels. Positive short‐term intervention effects were found in girls' sideways jumps (η 2=0.17) and negative effects were measured in the 20‐meter sprints (η 2=0.05) and the standing long jump (η 2=0.04). Positive middle‐term effects were measured on the motor performance score (η 2=0.05), sideways jumps (η 2=0.08) and stand‐and‐reach flexibility (η 2=0.04). In boys, short‐term positive intervention effects were found in 20‐meter sprints (η 2=0.04). In the middle‐term, differences in favour of the CG were found in press‐ups (η 2=0.03) and sideways jumps (η 2=0.06). Concerning BMI the IG had significantly lower levels compared to the CG in the short‐term (η 2=0.04) and in the middle‐term (η 2=0.03), respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups in HRQOL. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the feasibility of promoting health related parameters in PE, but also raise the question whether gender‐specific tailored interventions would result in higher intervention effects concerning motor performance especially in boys.
Use of a Novel Cage System to Measure Postrecompression Survival of Northeast Pacific Rockfish
Authors: Hannah Robert W. , Rankin Polly S. , Blume Matthew T. O. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
We used a caging system designed to minimize the adverse effects of caging fish in marine waters to evaluate the discard mortality of seven species of rockfish Sebastes with barotrauma. Altogether, 288 rockfish were captured, scored for barotrauma, evaluated behaviorally at the surface, and caged individually on the seafloor for 48 h to determine survival. With the exception of three blue rockfish S. mystinus, the condition of surviving fish after cage confinement from 41 to 71 h was excellent. At capture depths up to 54 m, survival was 100% for yelloweye rockfish S. ruberrimus (n = 25) and copper rockfish S. caurinus (n = 10) and 78% for blue rockfish (n = 36). At capture depths up to 64 m, survival was 100% for canary rockfish S. pinniger (n = 41) and quillback rockfish S. maliger (n = 28) and 90% for black rockfish S. melanops (n = 144). Black rockfish survival was negatively associated with capture depth (m) and the surface–bottom temperature differential (°C). Blue rockfish survival was negatively associated with capture depth. Barotrauma signs and surface behavior scores were not good indicators of survival potential across species but were useful within species. In black and blue rockfish, severe barotrauma was negatively associated with survival, while higher scores on reflex behaviors at the surface were positively associated with survival. The high survival rates and excellent condition of some species in this study suggest that requiring hook-and-line fishers to use recompression devices to help discarded rockfish return to depth may increase survival for some species.
Received April 14, 2011; accepted July 30, 2011
Microsatellite Mixed-Stock Identification of Coho Salmon in British Columbia
Authors: Beacham Terry D. , Candy John R. , Wallace Colin , Wetklo Michael , Deng Langtuo , MacConnachie Cathy 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Variation at 17 microsatellite loci was analyzed for about 50,000 coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch sampled from 274 locations ranging from Russia to California (but largely from British Columbia), and the variation was applied to estimate stock composition in mixed-stock fishery samples. High resolution of mixed-stock samples was possible; accurate estimates of stock composition were available for coho salmon originating from 39 regions (Russia, 1 region; Yukon River, 1; southeast Alaska, 1; British Columbia, 28; Washington, 5; Columbia River, 1; Oregon, 1; California, 1). The power of a locus in providing accurate estimates of stock composition of simulated single-population mixtures was related to the number of alleles observed at the locus. Approximately 800 alleles were observed across the 17 microsatellites. Analysis of known-origin samples indicated that accurate regional estimates of stock composition were obtained; estimates from 37 of 39 regions had accuracy greater than 90%. Estimated stock compositions of five mixed-fishery samples collected in British Columbia and the San Juan Islands (Washington) reflected the presence and timing of migration of the local populations. Microsatellites provided accurate estimates of stock composition from many locations in the British Columbia distribution of coho salmon.
Received July 5, 2011; accepted October 22, 2011
Using Ecopath with Ecosim to Explore Nekton Community Response to Freshwater Diversion into a Louisiana Estuary
Authors: Mutsert Kim , Cowan James H. , Walters Carl J. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Current methods to restore Louisiana's estuaries include the reintroduction of Mississippi River water through freshwater diversions to wetlands that are hydrologically isolated from the main channel. The reduced salinities associated with freshwater input are likely affecting estuarine nekton, but these effects are poorly described. Ecopath with Ecosim was used to simulate the effects of salinity changes caused by the Caernarvon freshwater diversion on species biomass distributions of estuarine nekton. A base model was first created in Ecopath from 5 years of monitoring data collected prior to the opening of the diversion (1986–1990). The effects of freshwater discharge on food web dynamics and community composition were simulated using a novel application of Ecosim that allows the input of salinity as a forcing function coupled with user-specified salinity tolerance ranges for each biomass pool. The salinity function in Ecosim not only reveals the direct effects of salinity (i.e., increases in species biomass at their optimum salinity and decreases outside the optimal range) but also the indirect effects resulting from trophic interactions. Through multivariate analyses we determined that the simulated species biomass distributions in the estuary change significantly with distance from the diversion. However, the simulations do not show a significant difference estuarywide between the modeled distributions (with pooling of the data from different distances) before and after the opening of the diversion. This indicates a redistribution of species in the estuary rather than the replacement of species within the estuarine nekton community. The salinity function is a useful addition to the Ecopath with Ecosim software for estuarine ecologists and fisheries managers.
Received January 31, 2011; Acceptdate November 30, 2011
Assessment of Genetic Diversity for American Shad in the Santee–Cooper River Basin of South Carolina prior to Hatchery Augmentation
Authors: Moyer G. R. , Williams A. S. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
American shad Alosa sapidissima once supported large commercial fisheries along the Atlantic coast, but by the early 1980s many of these fisheries had declined precipitously. In contrast to most Atlantic coastal rivers, the abundance of American shad in the Santee–Cooper River basin of South Carolina has grown substantially; still, much of their upstream spawning habitat in this watershed has been restricted or adversely affected by impoundments. In an effort to rebuild populations in upstream river reaches of the Santee–Cooper basin, state and federal agencies developed an approach relying on hatchery augmentation, the relocation of prespawning adults, and the construction of permanent fish passage structures. Genetic monitoring was adopted to ensure that the genetic integrity of the population remains intact during the rebuilding process. Our study provided an initial assessment of genetic diversity for the genetic monitoring program. There were three components to the study: an assessment of within-basin genetic stock structure, a comparison of genetic diversity (the number of alleles and observed heterozygosity) between hatchery and wild stocks, and an evaluation of molecular tags for monitoring hatchery returns. The estimation of genetic diversity and the assessment of molecular tags were based on 10 microsatellite loci. We found no apparent stock structure in the Santee–Cooper basin and no difference in genetic diversity between broodstock and their wild counterparts. Eight microsatellite markers provided enough resolution to successfully (&gt;95% assignment success) match returning American shad with their respective hatchery parents. Our results highlight the utility and importance of integrating genetic information in supportive breeding programs in an effort to evaluate the programs’ effectiveness (both in terms of increasing the census size and in terms of maintaining the long-term viability of a population).
Received March 18, 2011; accepted August 8, 2011
Alosine Restoration in the 21st Century: Challenging the Status Quo
Authors: Hasselman Daniel J. , Limburg Karin E. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Despite the expenditure of millions of dollars on restoration efforts for depleted North American stocks of alosine fishes, rangewide abundance levels for multiple species have declined to historic lows. Stocking practices aimed at rebuilding spawning runs are deemed successful when numerical abundance levels are shown to increase in response. However, these practices may only yield short-term gains in abundance at the ultimate expense of population genetic integrity and do not ensure the long-term persistence and evolutionary potential of a species. Although molecular methods are now widely employed in fisheries management and provide a suite of powerful management tools, these approaches have not been well integrated into alosine management strategies. We review the net effects of stocking practices on population genetic integrity and species’ long-term persistence as it is currently understood and highlight what is known in this regard for alosines in North America, with particular focus on American shad Alosa sapidissima. We find that stocking practices carry a substantial risk to the persistence of genetically distinct alosine spawning populations and suggest that future restoration efforts proceed by providing access to historical spawning grounds, either through dam removal or through providing effective fish passage, followed by natural recolonization of reclaimed habitat. We also identify important areas of research relevant to future alosine restoration that require exploration and identify recent developments that may alter future restoration decisions in an adaptive management framework.
Received March 18, 2011; accepted October 6, 2011
Demographic Population Model for American Shad: Will Access to Additional Habitat Upstream of Dams Increase Population Sizes?
Authors: Harris Julianne E. , Hightower Joseph E. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
American shad Alosa sapidissima are in decline in their native range, and modeling possible management scenarios could help guide their restoration. We developed a density-dependent, deterministic, stage-based matrix model to predict the population-level results of transporting American shad to suitable spawning habitat upstream of dams on the Roanoke River, North Carolina and Virginia. We used data on sonic-tagged adult American shad and oxytetracycline-marked American shad fry both above and below dams on the Roanoke River with information from other systems to estimate a starting population size and vital rates. We modeled the adult female population over 30 years under plausible scenarios of adult transport, effective fecundity (egg production), and survival of adults (i.e., to return to spawn the next year) and juveniles (from spawned egg to age 1). We also evaluated the potential effects of increased survival for adults and juveniles. The adult female population size in the Roanoke River was estimated to be 5,224. With no transport, the model predicted a slow population increase over the next 30 years. Predicted population increases were highest when survival was improved during the first year of life. Transport was predicted to benefit the population only if high rates of effective fecundity and juvenile survival could be achieved. Currently, transported adults and young are less likely to successfully out-migrate than individuals below the dams, and the estimated adult population size is much smaller than either of two assumed values of carrying capacity for the lower river; therefore, transport is not predicted to help restore the stock under present conditions. Research on survival rates, density-dependent processes, and the impacts of structures to increase out-migration success would improve evaluation of the potential benefits of access to additional spawning habitat for American shad.
Received March 19, 2011; accepted August 22, 2011