bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled growth of BaMoO4 hierarchical superstructures in functionalized ionic liquids
Authors: Luo Zhijun , Li Huaming , Yin Sheng , Zhang Jingtong , Wang Kun , Wang Leigang , Guan Qingfeng 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Dual-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) containing both functionalized cation and anion offer scope for tuning of nucleation and growth steps to achieve crystallographic control. BaMoO4 crystals synthesized in alkyl methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate ([C
n
mim]TA, n = 4, 8, 16) aqueous solution display the similar shuttle-like shape. The size of building blocks assembling into the hierarchical architectures has been influenced by the inhibiting effect of the imidazolium substituent alkyl chain. With the increase of imidazolium substituent alkyl chain length, the building blocks change from the truncated octahedron to the nanosheet. The single-crystalline BaMoO4 dendrites were prepared under the direction of [Omim]TA via the oriented attachment mechanism. BaMoO4 porous structures have been successfully synthesized in the [Omim]TA aqueous solution via the manipulation of the growth kinetics. Whether the resultant holes in the BaMoO4 structure are open or clogged depends upon variations in the molar ratio [Ba2+]/[Mo7O24
6–]. Shuttle-like BaMoO4 crystals made of nanosheets with the helical growth features have been successfully synthesized in the presence of [C16mim]TA. In addition, the amount of [C16mim]TA in the solution profoundly influences the morphology and size of the as-obtained products.
Hierarchical design of nanostructured materials based on polyoxometalates
Authors: Mizuno Noritaka , Uchida Sayaka , Uehara Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The construction of nanostructured materials with advanced functions by the self-organization of molecular building blocks is one of the key topics in modern materials chemistry. This review describes our concept of the hierarchical design of polyoxometalate (POM)-based compounds with nanosized spaces: (1) syntheses of building blocks (POMs and counter cations), (2) directing the self-organization of building blocks to form crystalline materials with nanosized spaces, and (3) kinetic control of the self-organization process to introduce nanosized space into the dense nonporous crystal, with emphasis on (2). Our recent results on the construction of nanosized spaces within the POM-based compounds with controlled size, volume, shape, and affinity, and their functions are presented.
Hierarchically structured functional materials: Synthesis strategies for multimodal porous networks
Authors: Yang Xiao-Yu , Li Yu , Lemaire Arnaud , Yu Jia-Guo , Su Bao-Lian 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Hierarchically porous materials displaying multimodal pore sizes are desirable for their improved flow performance coupled with high surface areas. In the last five years, a tremendous amount of research has focused upon the synthesis and applications of hierarchically porous materials. This review aims to open up a new avenue of research in this exciting field. At first, recent progress in the synthesis of hierarchically porous materials, targeted through templating methods, is reviewed. These synthesis methods involve a supermolecular assembly of amphiphilic polymers or surfactants combined with second surfactant systems or with macrotemplates such as solid particles, liquid drops, and air bubbles. The preparation procedures using surfactants combined with other chemical or physical methods, controlled phase-separation, or template replication will also be discussed. Subsequently, an innovative procedure concerning the self-formation of hierarchically porous materials is thoroughly examined. This self-formation procedure is based on a self-generated porogen mechanism. Porogens such as alcohol molecules can be precisely controlled at the molecular level to design new hierarchically porous materials. Most of these synthesis methods allow an easy and independent adjustment to the multiporosity of a material, i.e., its micro-, meso-, and macroporosity.
Fair Value Accounting and the Financial Crisis: Messenger or Contributor?*
Authors: Magnan Michel L. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThis commentary discusses how fair value accounting (FVA) affects the nature of financial reporting, especially for financial institutions that were deeply affected by the 2007‐9 financial crisis. Toward that end, I address four questions. First, I review FVA's role in financial reporting, emphasizing its development over time. While the commentary's focus is on the interface between financial instruments and FVA, its reach extends well beyond financial instruments. Thereafter, I discuss the measurement and valuation challenges that arise from the use of FVA in financial reporting. Then, I analyze the evidence, analytical and empirical, on the role that FVA may have played in the financial crisis of 2007‐9. Since, to some extent, the crisis is still unfolding, there is limited yet very insightful empirical evidence on this issue. The evidence does suggest that FVA, in combination with its use by regulators, may have severely undermined the financial condition of some institutions. The effect was amplified for institutions holding assets in markets that saw their liquidity dry up during the crisis. In other words, FVA may have amplified the crisis. Finally, I discuss some implications that we can draw from the crisis about the merits and risks underlying FVA. For instance, I conclude that, in a search for relevance, the use of FVA in financial reporting may accelerate its disconnection from a firm's business reality.
Are short women at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Ogonowski Jarosław , Miazgowski Tomasz 
Published: December 2009

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to assess the influence of height variations on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Research design and methodsWe analyzed the medical records of 1830 Caucasian women with GDM and 1011 healthy pregnant women. The following data were collected: age, prior macrosomia, prior GDM, parity, history of type 2 diabetes in first-degree relatives, weight before pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy, glucose level at the first obstetric visit, results of the glucose challenge test and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1c, and method for treatment of GDM.ResultsWomen with GDM were significantly shorter than the healthy controls (165.7±5.6 vs 163.8±6.6 cm; P<0.001). The differences in height were not significant between GDM women who required insulin therapy and those treated with diet alone (P=0.12). All the studied variables, including height, were independently associated with GDM. Even after adjustment for confounding variables, height was still associated with GDM (odds ratio 0.958, 95% confidence interval: 0.94–0.97; P<0.00001). In women with GDM diagnosed by 75-g OGTT, we found a significant inverse association of height adjusted for age and pregravid weight with 2-h glucose level (β=−0.12; P<0.0001).ConclusionsCaucasian women with GDM are shorter than pregnant women without GDM regardless of the diagnostic criteria used or the severity of glucose intolerance. Although height is an independent predictor for GDM, its predictive value for identifying women at risk is relatively low and should not be considered in selective screening for this disease.
A műtéti szakmákban folytatott kontrollcsoportos klinikai vizsgálatok metodikai problémáir
Authors: Antal János , Harsányi László 
Published: December 2009

Absztrakt
A sebészeti szakma világszerte lépéshátrányban van a klasszikus gyógyszerfejlesztéshez képest az új eljárások bevezetésével kapcsolatos szakmai és etikai kérdésekre adott válaszadásban. Az invazív eljárások megítéléséért felelős szakemberek nagy kihívással küzdenek, amikor meg kell felelniük a bizonyítékon alapuló orvostudományi kutatás követelményeinek, valamint az erőforrás allokációért felelős szervezetek felvetéseire. Az álműtétes kar a kontrollcsoportos kísérletes sebészi orvostechnikai vizsgálatok egyik kevésbé ismert módszere. Korábban klinikai vizsgálatokban csak alkalmanként kapott szerepet; napjainkban azonban egyre többen vetik fel rendszeres alkalmazhatóságának kérdését is. Az álműtét alkalmazhatóságának végiggondolása segít kidolgozni egyéb, sebészeti orvostechnikai kutatási problémákat, döntéseket.
Kirschner-drótok intrathoracalis vándorlásar
Authors: Veres Lukács , Kiss Regina , Boros Miklós , Enyedi Attila , Takács István , Kollár Sándor , Damjanovich László , Sz. Kiss Sándor 
Published: December 2009

Absztrakt
A baleseti és ortopéd sebészek gyakran használnak tűződrótot a clavicula és a humerus rögzítésére. A fémanyagok mellüregbe történő elvándorlása ritkán fordul elő. Egy idős nőbeteg humeroscapularis ízületét ismételt jobb vállficama miatt 6 héttel korábban Kirschner-drótokkal tűzték meg. Kontrollröntgen során fedezték fel, hogy a tűződrótok a jobb mellüregbe vándoroltak. Videothoracoscopos úton technikailag nem lehetett őket eltávolítani, ezért jobb oldali thoracotomia történt. Pneumolysist követően a 2-es tüdősegmentumból és a kupolánál, medialisan a gerinccsatornába fúródó Kirschner-drótot távolítottak el. A posztoperatív időszakban sebészeti komplikáció nem volt. A szerzők áttekintik ennek a ritkán előforduló szövődménynek az irodalmát és felhívják a figyelmet, hogy a mellüregbe vándorolt tűződrótok eltávolítása szükséges a fenyegető súlyos szövődmények megelőzésére.
African American Identity and a Theory for Primary Cultural Instructional Design
Authors: Thomas Michael K. , Columbus Marco A. 
Published: December 2009

This article is on the strange confluence of culture, identity, learning, and systemic design. We argue that the work of instructional design is, essentially, work on culture and identity. A person's culture and identity fully and inextricably situate their thought, action, and interaction. For this reason, this inherent situatedness of culture and identity must be explored by those who endeavor to do instructional design work. Instructional designers must be able to navigate the complex and treacherous waters of culture and identity in order to create effective and appropriate designs for learning. Here we take on the particular case of African American learners. We argue for the empirically verifiable existence of three identity types of African Americans and we suggest that design work should target learners displaying one of these identity types, referred to here as primary cultural. In this way, this article may be seen as exploring the problem of constructing theory on primary cultural instructional design. We first explore culture, then identity, and then the interaction between culture and identity. We then move to our study and how it informs our understanding of cultural identification and academic identity and then we conclude with the implications for design research. It is a peculiar sensation, this double consciousness, this sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others, of measuring one's soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his two-ness, – an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.
Physicochemical characterization of solid dispersion systems of tadalafil with poloxamer 407
Authors: Vyas Vikrant , Sancheti Pankajkumar , Karekar Poonam , Shah Manali , Pore Yogesh 
Published: December 2009

Physicochemical characterization of solid dispersion systems of tadalafil with poloxamer 407
Dissolution behaviour of a poorly water-soluble drug, tadalafil, from its solid dispersion systems with poloxamer 407 has been investigated. Solid dispersion systems of tadalafil were prepared with poloxamer 407 in 1:0.5, 1:1.5 and 1:2.5 ratios using the melting method. Characterization of binary systems with FTIR and XRPD studies demonstrated the presence of strong hydrogen bonding interactions, a significant decrease in crystallinity and the possibility of existence of amorphous entities of the drug. In the binary systems tested, 1:0.5 proportion of tadalafil/poloxamer 407 showed rapid dissolution of tadalafil (DE30 70.9 ± 3.6 %). In contrast, higher proportions of poloxamer 407 (1:1.5 and 1:2.5) offered no advantage towards dissolution enhancement of the drug, indicating altered rheological characteristics of the polymer at its higher concentration, which might have retarded the release rate of tadalafil.
Recommendations for Use of Free Light Chain Assay in Monoclonal Gammopathies
Authors: Radović Vesna 
Published: December 2009

Recommendations for Use of Free Light Chain Assay in Monoclonal GammopathiesThe serum immunoglobulin free light chain assay measures levels of free κ and λ immunoglobulin light chains. There are three major indications for the free light chain assay in the evaluation and management of multiple myeloma and related plasma cell disorders. In the context of screening, the serum free light chain assay in combination with serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation yields high sensitivity, and negates the need for 24-hour urine studies for diagnoses other than light chain amyloidosis. Second, the baseline free light chains measurement is of major prognostic value in virtually every plasma cell disorder. Third, the free light chain assay allows for quantitative monitoring of patients with oligosecretory plasma cell disorders, including AL, oligosecretory myeloma, and nearly twothirds of patients who had previously been deemed to have non-secretory myeloma. In AL patients, serial free light chains measurements outperform protein electrophoresis and immunofixation. In oligosecretory myeloma patients, although not formally validated, serial free light chains measurements reduce the need for frequent bone marrow biopsies. In contrast, there are no data to support using free light chain assay in place of 24-hour urine electrophoresis for monitoring or for serial measurements in plasma cell disorders with measurable disease by serum or urine electrophoresis.
Manly Contests: Rodeo Masculinities at the Calgary Stampede
Authors: Kelm Mary-Ellen 
Published: December 2009

Abstract: The Calgary Stampede is one of Canada's most popular annual festivals. Its long history and its mission to preserve Western values might suggest that its principle character, the cowboy, would be relatively uncomplicated. Yet recent scholarship on popular culture and public celebrations, as well as that on gender and masculinity, encourages a re-examination of the cowboy at the Calgary Stampede. This article examines how the Calgary Stampede constituted cowboy masculinities during the first three decades of the twentieth century. Focusing on the era when the flamboyant Guy Weadick was the Stampede's manager (1912, 1923–32), it first explores how the idea that the West could recuperate masculinity was expressed through a definition of the cowboy that was, in Weadick's words, ‘open to all.’ As rodeo became a sport, a new normative cowboy emerged, as local men, both settler and Aboriginal, took centre stage, excluding women and performers. This paper argues that the Calgary Stampede helped foster the development of new rodeo masculinities for both settler and Aboriginal men, ones grounded in the respectability of sport, and in the economic, social, and political challenges of early-twentieth-century Western Canada.
Death Wore Black Chiffon: Sex and Gender in CSI
Authors: Lavigne Carlen 
Published: December 2009

Abstract: In light of the popularity of television crime dramas, it seems prudent to investigate the political nature of their prime-time messaging. From a feminist perspective, an analysis of gender and sexuality issues in CSI: Crime Scene Investigation reveals that the program consistently associates women, queer cultures, and sexual subcultures with shallow stereotypes, negativity, and death.
Web-based Food Behaviour Questionnaire: Validation with Grades Six to Eight Students
Authors: Hanning Rhona M. , Royall Dawna , Toews Jenn E. , Blashill Lindsay , Wegener Jessica , Driezen Pete 
Published: December 2009

Purpose: The web-based Food Behaviour Questionnaire (FBQ) includes a 24-hour diet recall, a food frequency questionnaire, and questions addressing knowledge, attitudes, intentions, and food-related behaviours. The survey has been revised since it was developed and initially validated. The current study was designed to obtain qualitative feedback and to validate the FBQ diet recall. Methods: “Think aloud” techniques were used in cognitive interviews with dietitian experts (n=11) and grade six students (n=21).Multi-ethnic students (n=201) in grades six to eight at urban southern Ontario schools completed the FBQ and, subsequently, one-on-one diet recall interviews with trained dietitians. Food group and nutrient intakes were compared. Results: Users provided positive feedback on the FBQ. Suggestions included adding more foods, more photos for portion estimation, and online student feedback. Energy and nutrient intakes were positively correlated between FBQ and dietitian interviews, overall and by gender and grade (all p<0.001). Intraclass correlation coefficients were ≥0.5 for energy and macronutrients, although the web-based survey underestimated energy (-10.5%) and carbohydrate (-15.6%) intakes (p<0.05). Under-estimation of rice and pasta portions on the web accounted for 50% of this discrepancy. Conclusions: The FBQ is valid, relative to 24-hour recall interviews, for dietary assessment in diverse populations of Ontario children in grades six to eight.
Identification of Cutpoints for Acceptable Health Status and Important Improvement in Patient-Reported Outcomes, in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, and Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: KVAMME MARIA KNOPH , KRISTIANSEN IVAR SØNBØ , LIE ELISABETH , KVIEN TORE KRISTIAN 
Published: December 2009

Objective.To identify cutpoints reflecting Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) and Minimal Clinically Important Improvement (MCII) in patient-reported multi-attribute health status classification systems and health status measurements among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Methods.We identified patients with RA, AS, and PsA from the Norwegian disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) register (NOR-DMARD). The patients (n = 4225) had started with DMARD and responded to the PASS and MCII anchoring questions at the 3-month followup examination. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves with 80% specificity and the 75th percentile approach were used to identify PASS and MCII cutpoints in the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) and the Short-Form-6 Dimensions (SF-6D) indexes, but also in other patient-reported outcomes (joint pain and patient global visual analog scale and Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire).Results.The PASS cutpoints estimated with 80% specificity were around 0.70 in EQ-5D in all diseases and around 0.65 in SF-6D. The cutpoints were around 0.65 and 0.60, respectively, when the 75th percentile approach was used. The MCII cutpoints assessed by 80% specificity varied from 0.10 to 0.19 in EQ-5D and from 0.07 to 0.10 in SF-6D.Conclusion.The cutpoints for PASS in EQ-5D and SF-6D indicate that PASS corresponds to a health-related quality of life that is far from perfect health. Somewhat different cutpoints were identified for both PASS and MCII with 80% specificity versus the 75th percentile method.
Serum BLC/CXCL13 Concentrations and Renal Expression of CXCL13/CXCR5 in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis
Authors: LEE HUI-TING , SHIAO YU-MING , WU TSAI-HUNG , CHEN WEI-SHENG , HSU YUNG-HSIANG , TSAI SHIH-FENG , TSAI CHANG-YOUH 
Published: December 2009

Objective.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype of systemic autoimmune disease in which cytokines such as B lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC, or CXC motif ligand 13, CXCL13) may play important roles in pathogenesis. We investigated the implications of CXCL13 in SLE and lupus nephritis.Methods.Serum samples from 425 patients with SLE and 106 healthy control individuals were analyzed for the concentration of CXCL13 by ELISA. Tissue expression of CXCL13 and its corresponding receptor CXCR5 were observed in lupus kidney. The CXCR5-bearing B cells in SLE patients were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results.Serum levels of CXCL13 were higher in SLE patients compared to controls. SLE patients with lupus nephritis or positive anti-dsDNA antibodies had significantly higher serum CXCL13 levels. The peripheral venous blood B cells that bear CXCR5 were more abundant in SLE patients as detected by flow cytometry. CXCR5 and CXCL13 were highly expressed in the renal cortex from patients with lupus nephritis.Conclusions.Our results suggest that BLC/CXCL13 as well as its corresponding receptor, CXCR5, may play important roles in the pathogenesis of SLE and in lupus nephritis.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐3 and intracranial arterial dolichoectasia
Authors: Pico Fernando , Jacob Marie‐Paule , Labreuche Julien , Soufir Nadem , Touboul Pierre‐Jean , Benessiano Joëlle , Cambien François , Grandchamp Bernard , Michel Jean‐Baptiste , Amarenco Pierre 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveIntracranial arterial dolichoectasia (IADE), also called dilatative arteriopathy of the brain, is defined as an increase in length and diameter of intracranial arteries. Abdominal aortic aneurysm and ectasia of coronary arteries have been reported in association with IADE. In both conditions, a dysfunction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐2, ‐3, and ‐9 have been found. Our aim was to investigate these MMP pathways in stroke patients with IADE.MethodsFive hundred ten Caucasians patients with brain infarction were consecutively recruited at 12 centers. The diagnosis of IADE was made by consensus between 2 neurologists based on magnetic resonance imaging scans. Determination of MMP‐2, ‐3, and ‐9 plasma levels was centralized in 1 laboratory. Because we found a threshold effect of MMP‐3 plasma levels with the risk of IADE, determination of the MMP‐3 5A/6A polymorphism was carried out.ResultsIADE was identified in 12% of stroke patients. There was no association of IADE with mean MMP‐2, ‐3, and ‐9 plasma levels. After categorization of MMP plasma levels into tertiles, we found a higher risk of IADE with the lowest MMP‐3 tertile (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–5.23). In genotype analysis, there was a significant additive effect of the 5A allele on the risk of IADE, with an adjusted OR of 1.62 (95% CI, 1.03–2.55).InterpretationIn this cohort of stroke patients of Caucasian ancestry, IADE was associated with low MMP‐3 plasma levels and with the 5A/6A polymorphism of the promoter region of MMP‐3. These results suggest that MMP‐3 may play a role in IADE. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:508–515