bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and Role of Surgeon-performed Intraoperative Ultrasound in Minimally Invasive Open Parathyroidectomy
Authors: Kiriakopoulos Andreas , Linos Dimitrios 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
Assessment of the accuracy and the role of surgeon-performed ultrasound in comparison to expert radiology-performed ultrasound, sestamibi scanning and histologic findings.

Methods
From January 2006 to December 2007 we prospectively evaluated forty-two consecutive patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism. One surgeon who was unaware of the preoperative imaging studies did all ultrasound examinations just prior to skin incision. The correlations between surgeon-performed ultrasound, radiology-expert ultrasound, sestamibi scanning and histologic findings were assessed.

Results
There were thirty-eight females (mean age: 55.9 years, range: 13-83) and four males (mean age: 41 years, range: 42-77) with biochemical evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism. Single gland disease (SGD) was histologically confirmed in thirty-six cases (85.7%) and multigland disease (MGD) in six cases (14.3%). Concordant preoperative U/S and sestamibi findings were found in thirty- four cases in SGD patients: surgeon performed U/S and expert radiology U/S were equally correct in all of these cases. In the rest two discordant cases in SGD patients, radiologist U/S was wrong in both cases, whereas sestamibi and surgeon U/S had no false results. Multigland disease had been predicted by negative findings in preoperative U/S and sestamibi in four patients and by finding more than one enlarged parathyroid glands in two patients. Surgeon U/S gave one false result in the former subgroup of MGD patients, although correctly identified multiple gland enlargements in the latter subgroup.

Conclusions
This study shows that surgeon-performed ultrasound compares favourably and even exceeds radiology U/S. Since this positive predictive result applies especially in SGD, intraoperative U/S had been added in the standards of care of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism in our institution
Minimally Invasive Video-assisted Thyroidectomy and Parathyroidectomy
Authors: Materazzi Gabriele , Berti Piero , Miccoli Paolo 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe history of endoscopic endocrine surgery of the neck started in 1992 with the first endoscopic parathyroidectomy. Less simple procedures were proposed after this preliminary experience, some still involving gas insufflation and some not involving it at all, better defined as video-assisted parathyroidectomy.Not much later also thyroid gland started to be operated endoscopically although thyroid diseases quite soon proved to constitute a big limit in the diffusion of these techniques because of the large size typical of most goiters and/or tumors which represent the most common indication for thyroid surgery. All these procedures though are largely utilized and certainly have heavily stimulated all surgeons to reduce the length of their incision and consequently the invasiveness of both thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. Furthermore, in spite of the scepticism existing among endocrine surgeons, some significant advantages offered by these techniques have been reported in prospective studies even though they involved a scarce number of patients.It must be stressed that endoscopic or video-assisted parathyroidectomy is at present much more widespread than thyroidectomy to the point that it must be considered a valid option for most of the cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and in some centers it is regarded as the first option.
Multiple Insulinomas, a Rare Clinical Problem, Possible Case of Occult MEN I
Authors: Fernando R , Bandara DMSM , Sancheav S , Renuka MDS 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT
A 22 years old under graduate with recurrent hypoglycemia was found to have an insulinoma after investigations. Diagnosis of insulinoma had been made by elevated C-peptide and insulin concentration with simultaneous hypoglycemia with blood glucose 35 mg/dl. Preoperative computed tomography localized a single tumor (7 mm x 7 mm x 7 mm) in the body of pancreas. On surgical exploration with intraoperative ultrasound localization a tumor was found in the body of pancreas and enucleated. Repeat intraoperative ultrasonography showed no residual disease, but palpation localized a second lesion in the body of pancreas and that was enucleated. Patient made a complete recovery. Screening for MEN I indicated that patient has several features of MEN I which remains occult at present. This case highlights a rare clinical problem of multiple insulinomas and also importance of intraoperative palpation.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,3,4‐Trisubstituted Functionalised Tetrahydrofurans via an Organocatalytic Michael Addition as Key Step
Authors: Enders Dieter , Wang Chuan , Greb Andreas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe organocatalytic Michael addition of various aldehydes to (2E,4E)‐ethyl 5‐nitropenta‐2,4‐dienoate has been achieved under the catalysis of diphenylprolinol trimethylsilyl ether furnishing the products in good to excellent yields (61–94%) and high stereoselectivities (dr up to >98:2, ee=97 to >99%). Starting from these Michael adducts, 2,3,4‐trisubstituted functionalized tetrahydrofurans are available in two steps by reduction of the aldehyde followed by an intramolecular oxa‐Michael addition in good yields (54–76%) and stereoselectivities (dr up to >95:5, ee=97 to >99%).
Severe mental retardation, seizures, and hypotonia due to deletions of MEF2C
Authors: Nowakowska Beata A. , Obersztyn Ewa , Szymańska Krystyna , Bekiesińska‐Figatowska Monika , Xia Zhilian , Ricks Christian B. , Bocian Ewa , Stockton David W. , Szczałuba Krzysztof , Nawara Magdalena , Patel Ankita , Scott Daryl A. , Cheung Sau Wai , Bohan Timothy P. , Stankiewicz Paweł 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe present four patients, in whom we identified overlapping deletions in 5q14.3 involving MEF2C using a clinical oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). In case 1, CMA revealed an ∼140 kb deletion encompassing the first three exons of MEF2C in a 3‐year‐old patient with severe psychomotor retardation, periodic tremor, and an abnormal motor pattern with mirror movement of the upper limbs observed during infancy, hypotonia, abnormal EEG, epilepsy, absence of speech, autistic behavior, bruxism, and mild dysmorphic features. MRI of the brain showed mild thinning of the corpus callosum and delay of white matter myelination in the occipital lobes. In case 2, an ∼1.8 Mb deletion of TMEM161B and MEF2C was found in a child with severe developmental delay, hypotonia, and seizures. Patient 3 had epilepsy, hypotonia, thinning of the corpus callosum, and developmental delay associated with a de novo ∼2.4 Mb deletion in 5q14.3 including MEF2C and five other genes. In case 4, a de novo ∼5.7 Mb deletion of MEF2C and five other genes was found in a child with truncal hypotonia, intractable seizures, profound developmental delay, and shortening of the corpus callosum on brain MRI. These deletions further support that haploinsufficiency of MEF2C is responsible for severe mental retardation, seizures, and hypotonia. Our results, in combination with previous reports, imply that exon‐targeted oligo array CGH, which is more efficient in identifying exonic copy number variants, should improve the detection of clinically significant deletions and duplications over arrays with probes spaced evenly throughout the genome. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for three loci modifying age‐at‐onset of Alzheimer's disease in early‐onset PSEN2 families
Authors: Marchani Elizabeth E. , Bird Thomas D. , Steinbart Ellen J. , Rosenthal Elisabeth , Yu Chang‐En , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Wijsman Ellen M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFamilies with early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) sharing a single PSEN2 mutation exhibit a wide range of age‐at‐onset, suggesting that modifier loci segregate within these families. While APOE is known to be an age‐at‐onset modifier, it does not explain all of this variation. We performed a genome scan within nine such families for loci influencing age‐at‐onset, while simultaneously controlling for variation in the primary PSEN2 mutation (N141I) and APOE. We found significant evidence of linkage between age‐at‐onset and chromosome 1q23.3 (P < 0.001) when analysis included all families, and to chromosomes 1q23.3 (P < 0.001), 17p13.2 (P = 0.0002), 7q33 (P = 0.017), and 11p14.2 (P = 0.017) in a single large pedigree. Simultaneous analysis of these four chromosomes maintained strong evidence of linkage to chromosomes 1q23.3 and 17p13.2 when all families were analyzed, and to chromosomes 1q23.3, 7q33, and 17p13.2 within the same single pedigree. Inclusion of major gene covariates proved essential to detect these linkage signals, as all linkage signals dissipated when PSEN2 and APOE were excluded from the model. The four chromosomal regions with evidence of linkage all coincide with previous linkage signals, associated SNPs, and/or candidate genes identified in independent AD study populations. This study establishes several candidate regions for further analysis and is consistent with an oligogenic model of AD risk and age‐at‐onset. More generally, this study also demonstrates the value of searching for modifier loci in existing datasets previously used to identify primary causal variants for complex disease traits. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new susceptibility locus for bipolar affective disorder in PAR1 on Xp22.3/Yp11.3
Authors: Flaquer Antònia , Jamra Rami Abou , Etterer Karolin , Díaz Guillermo Orozco , Rivas Fabio , Rietschel Marcella , Cichon Sven , Nöthen Markus M. , Strauch Konstantin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe present the findings of a linkage study of bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) that involve the pseudoautosomal region 1 of the human sex chromosomes. We analyzed a substantial subset of pedigrees (89 families of German and Spanish origin; 661 participants; 298 affected individuals) from the large collection of BPAD‐affected families with which a genomewide linkage analysis was previously performed and where the pseudoautosomal regions were poorly covered. Nonparametric linkage (Zlr) scores were calculated. The highest Zlr scores were obtained on Xp22.3/Yp11.3 in the Spanish subsample (DXS1071; Zlr = 3.54, Pempirical = 0.0009 for the broad definition of affection sttuts; Zlr = 2.63, Pempirical = 0.0129 for the medium definition of affection status; Zlr = 2.12, Pempirical = 0.0429 for the narrow definition of affection status). Empirical P‐values are adjusted using the Bonferroni correction to account for the testing of three affection status definitions. This region has not drawn much attention in previous linkage studies of BPAD. On the basis of these results, Xp22.3/Yp11.3 should now be considered a candidate region for BPAD. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A longitudinal study of urinary dipstick parameters in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Leendertz Siv Aina J. , Metzger Sonja , Skjerve Eystein , Deschner Tobias , Boesch Christophe , Riedel Julia , Leendertz Fabian H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe performed 796 dip‐stick tests on urine from 100 wild West African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) from 4 habituated groups in the tropical rain forest of Taï National Park, Cote d'Ivoire, to establish reference values for health monitoring. Specific gravity was also measured on 359 urine samples from 62 chimpanzees. The effect of age, sex, group, month, estrus, pregnancy, meat consumption, and acute respiratory disease on pH, leucocytes, protein, blood, hemoglobin, and glucose was examined using ordinal logistic regression. The presence of nitrite, ketones, bilirubin, and urobilinogen in urine was also recorded. Outbreak of acute respiratory disease did not influence any of the urinary parameters. Thirty‐seven percent of the samples had a pH <7 and the whole range of pH was found through the year, in all age groups, and in both sexes. Meat consumption lowered the urinary pH. Our results show that all pH levels must be considered normal for the West African chimpanzee subspecies P. troglodytes verus living in the rainforest. We also found a cluster of glucose‐positive samples at a specific point in time which was not attributed to diabetes mellitus. These findings highlight that there are differences in normal physiological parameters among wild chimpanzees living in different habitats. Am. J. Primatol. 72:689–698, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Violence and weapon‐related trauma at Puruchuco‐Huaquerones, Peru
Authors: Murphy Melissa S. , Gaither Catherine , Goycochea Elena , Verano John W. , Cock Guillermo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractConquest of indigenous peoples in North America is understood primarily through ethnohistorical documents, archaeological evidence, and osteological analyses. However, in the Central Andes, the colonial enterprise and its effects are understood only from postcontact historical and ethnohistorical sources. Few archaeological and bioarchaeological studies have investigated Spanish Conquest and colonialism in the Andean region [for exceptions see Klaus and Tam: Am J Phys Anthropol 138 (2009) 356–368; Wernke, in press; and Quilter, in press]. Here we describe bioarchaeological evidence of violence from the cemeteries of Huaquerones and 57AS03 within the archaeological zone of Puruchuco‐Huaquerones, Peru (circa A.D. 1470–1540). A total of 258 individuals greater than 15 years of age were analyzed for evidence of traumatic injuries. Individuals were examined macroscopically and evidence of traumatic injuries was analyzed according to the skeletal element involved, the location of the injury on the skeletal element, and any additional complications of the injury. This study examines and compares the evidence of perimortem injuries on skeletonized individuals from the two cemeteries and focuses specifically on the interpretation of weapon‐related perimortem injuries. Evidence of perimortem trauma is present in both cemeteries (18.6%, 48/258); however, the frequency of injuries in 57AS03 is greater than that in Huaquerones (25.0% vs. 13.0%). Several injuries from 57AS03 are consistent with documented cases of injuries from firearms and 16th Century European weapons. We believe that the nature and high frequency of perimortem trauma at 57AS03 provide evidence of the violence that occurred with Spanish Conquest of the Inca Empire. Am J Phys Anthropol 142:636–649, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphoramidite: privilegierte Liganden in der asymmetrischen Katalyse
Authors: Teichert Johannes F. , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDie asymmetrische Katalyse mit Übergangsmetallkomplexen ist die Grundlage unzähliger stereoselektiver Umwandlungen und hat damit das Bild der modernen Synthesechemie gewandelt. Der Schlüssel zum Erfolg war die Entwicklung chiraler Liganden zur Kontrolle der Regio‐, Diastereo‐ und Enantioselektivität. Dabei haben sich Phosphoramidite als eine äußerst vielseitige und leicht zugängliche Klasse von chiralen Liganden erwiesen. Ihre modulare Struktur ermöglicht die Herstellung von Ligandenbibliotheken und erleichtert die Feinabstimmung für eine bestimmte katalytische Reaktion. Phosphoramidite bewirken oft außerordentlich hohe Stereoselektivitäten, und ihre einzähnige Natur ist in der kombinatorischen Katalyse, die gemischte Liganden verwendet, unverzichtbar. In diesem Aufsatz werden neue Entwicklungen in der asymmetrischen Katalyse mit Phosphoramiditen diskutiert, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Bildung von Kohlenstoff‐ Kohlenstoff‐ und Kohlenstoff‐Heteroatom‐Bindungen liegt.
Naturstoffe und ihre biologischen Angriffsziele: proteomische und metabolomische Markierungsstrategien
Authors: Böttcher Thomas , Pitscheider Maximilian , Sieber Stephan A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDas aktivitätsbasierte Protein‐Profiling (ABPP) hat sich zu einer ausgereiften Standardmethode für die schnelle, empfindliche und selektive Identifizierung von Enzymaktivitäten und Inhibitoren in Proteomen entwickelt. Mit naturstoffbasierenden Sonden lassen sich die Angriffsziele (targets) vieler bislang uncharakterisierter Moleküle leicht in komplexen Proteomen aufklären und so ihre genaue Funktion und der Wirkmechanismus verstehen. Zum anderen dienen Naturstoffsonden und ihre Derivate als pharmakologische Leitstrukturen, die essenzielle Komponenten in der Zelle hemmen und in biologischen Assays ihre Wirksamkeit zeigen. Da die komplexen regulatorischen Prozesse einer Zelle mehr umfassen als nur Transkription, Translation und Aktivierung, ist es entscheidend, auch die Produkte des aktiven Proteoms – die Metaboliten und Bindungspartner einzelner Enzyme und Proteine – zu identifizieren. Dabei sind Methoden nötig, mit denen sich das chemisch komplexe Metabolom charakterisieren lässt. In den letzten Jahren gab es hierzu eine Reihe interessanter Ansätze, mit denen eine globale Untersuchung von Enzym‐Metabolit‐Paaren jetzt zum ersten Mal möglich ist.
Phosphoramidites: Privileged Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Teichert Johannes F. , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAsymmetric catalysis with transition‐metal complexes is the basis for a vast array of stereoselective transformations and has changed the face of modern synthetic chemistry. Key to this success has been the design of chiral ligands to control the regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity. Phosphoramidites have emerged as a highly versatile and readily accessible class of chiral ligands. Their modular structure enables the formation of ligand libraries and easy fine‐tuning for a specific catalytic reaction. Phosphoramidites frequently show exceptional levels of stereocontrol, and their monodentate nature is essential in combinatorial catalysis, where a ligand‐mixture approach is used. In this Review, recent developments in asymmetric catalysis with phosphoramidites used as ligands are discussed, with a focus on the formation of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds.
Natural Products and Their Biological Targets: Proteomic and Metabolomic Labeling Strategies
Authors: Böttcher Thomas , Pitscheider Maximilian , Sieber Stephan A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractActivity‐based protein profiling (ABPP) has matured into a standard method for the fast, sensitive, and selective identification of enzyme activity and inhibitors in proteomes. By using natural product based probes, the targets of many uncharacterized molecules can be easily identified in complex proteomes, and their exact function and mechanism of action understood. Natural products and their derivatives can also serve as pharmaceutical lead structures that impede essential components in the cell and their effects can be studied in biological assays. Since the complex regulatory processes in a cell go beyond mere transcription, translation, and activation, it is imperative to also identify the products of the active proteome—the metabolites and binding partners of individual enzymes and proteins. Therefore, methods by which the chemically complex metabolome can be characterized are necessary. A series of interesting approaches have become available in recent years that enable the global investigation of enzyme–metabolite pairs.
Silicon‐Based Cross‐Coupling Reactions in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Denmark Scott E. , Liu Jack H.‐C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUnlike other variants of transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions, those based on organosilicon donors have not been used extensively in natural product synthesis. However, recent advances such as: 1) the development of mild reaction conditions, 2) the expansion of substrate scope, 3) the development of methods to stereoselectively and efficiently introduce the silicon‐containing moiety, 4) the development of a large number of sequential processes, and 5) the advent of bifunctional bis(silyl) linchpin reagents, signify the coming of age of silicon‐based cross‐coupling reactions. The following case studies illustrate how silicon‐based cross‐coupling reactions play a strategic role in constructing carbon–carbon bonds in selected target molecules.
Mechanical properties of mica‐filled PBT/ABAS composites
Authors: Tomar Neetu , Maiti S. N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTensile properties and Izod impact strength of mica‐filled composites of poly(butylene terephthlate) (PBT)/polyacrylonitrile‐butyl acrylate‐styrene (ABAS) were studied at mica concentration range 0 to 0.14 volume fraction, (ϕf). Tensile properties such as tensile modulus, strength, and breaking strain were normalized by dividing the data with the crystallinity (%) of the major component PBT in the composites and the matrix blends. The normalized relative tensile properties were compared with simple models to evaluate the interphase interactions between the matrix (i.e. PBT/ABAS blend) and the dispersed phase mica. Mica reinforced the blend increasing the tensile modulus and strength with mica concentration while the strain‐at‐break was increased marginally up to ϕf = 0.04 and decreased beyond this ϕf. The impact strength, however, decreased with increase in ϕf due to enhanced matrix stiffening and lack of plastic deformation of the matrix. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed good dispersion of mica in the composites. The effect of surface treatment with a zirconate coupling agent, NZ‐97, on the above properties has also been examined. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Ethynyl aromatic siliconhybridized resin: Synthesis, characterizations, and thermal properties
Authors: Yang Ming , Shi Song , Wang Mingcun , Wang Yuhui , Luo Zhenhua , Feng Zhihai , Zhao Tong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA novel silicon‐containing resin (ESA resin) was successfully synthesized by the condensation reaction of lithium arylacetylide with chlorosilane in high yields. The resin was characterized by the techniques of FTIR, 1H‐NMR, 29Si‐NMR, and gel permeation chromatography. Thermal cure process was monitored by DSC and FTIR methods. This resin could melt at around 100°C and thermally cured at 200–250°C with low exothermal enthalpy. Owing to the high aryl groups containing and the complete crosslinking of ethynyl groups, the cured ESA resin exhibited excellent thermal stability and high char yield. The decomposition temperature
$T_{d_5}$
of the cured resin was at 510°C, and the residue yield at 900°C was 82.9% in N2. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Modes of collaboration in modern science: Beyond power laws and preferential attachment
Authors: Milojević Staša 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe goal of the study was to determine the underlying processes leading to the observed collaborator distribution in modern scientific fields, with special attention to nonpower‐law behavior. Nanoscience is used as a case study of a modern interdisciplinary field and its coauthorship network for 2000–2004 period is constructed from the NanoBank database. We find three collaboration modes that correspond to three distinct ranges in the distribution of collaborators: (1) for authors with fewer than 20 collaborators (the majority) preferential attachment does not hold and they form a log‐normal “hook” instead of a power law; (2) authors with more than 20 collaborators benefit from preferential attachment and form a power law tail; and (3) authors with between 250 and 800 collaborators are more frequent than expected because of the hyperauthorship practices in certain subfields.