bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adhesion control for injection overmolding of polypropylene with elastomeric ethylene copolymers
Authors: Dondero Marco , Pastor José M. , Carella José M. , Perez Claudio J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTwo types of random semicrystalline copolymers (ethylene–octene and ethylene–butene) were overmolded on a core polypropylene. Maximum solid–liquid interface temperature achieved for the overmolding injection process is used as the key parameter for adhesion control. The main bonding process is shown to be a Rouse‐type fingering mechanism that develops in short time scales. Normalized peel tests were conducted on overmolded samples to measure the resulting polypropylene copolymers' bonding strength. All the ethylene random copolymers used for this study give good adhesion to polypropylene in overmolding processes, provided the right range of interface temperature is reached. Adhesion strength can be easily controlled for efficient debonding and recycling of used overmolded parts. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Peroxide‐controlled degradation of polypropylene using a tetra‐functional initiator
Authors: Scorah Matthew J. , Zhu Shuihan , Psarreas Alexander , McManus Neil T. , Dhib Ramdhane , Tzoganakis Costas , Penlidis Alexander 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to evaluate a new tetra‐functional peroxide initiator and offer comparisons with a di‐functional peroxide commonly used in the production of controlled‐rheology polypropylene (CRPP) resins. CRPP resins have been produced by reactive processing in a batch mixer by using various equivalent amounts of a tetra‐functional and a conventional di‐functional peroxide at two different temperatures. At a lower processing temperature (200°C), the chain length of CRPP decreases with increasing initiator concentration of the di‐functional initiator, while in the case of tetra‐functional initiator system, the change of chain length is larger than that in the di‐functional initiator system. At a higher temperature (230°C), the observation is reversed. The molecular weight reduction increases with initiator concentration level for the tetra‐functional initiator, while the di‐functional initiator causes larger reduction in the molecular weight without any obvious relation to the initiator concentration level. Rheological measurements show results consistent with those from gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The observations are explained based on the competition between chain scission and chain extension caused by the single and multiple radicals generated from the initiators. No evidence of architectural change in the CRPP molecules such as branching and crosslinking has been observed in both GPC and rheological measurements. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Cohesin diversity revealed by the crystal structure of the anchoring cohesin from Ruminococcus flavefaciens
Authors: Alber Orly , Noach Ilit , Rincon Marco T. , Flint Harry J. , Shimon Linda J. W. , Lamed Raphael , Frolow Felix , Bayer Edward A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe cellulosome is an intriguing multienzyme complex found in cellulolytic bacteria that plays a key role in the degradation of plant cell‐wall polysaccharides. In Ruminococcus flavefaciens, a predominant fiber‐degrading bacterium found in ruminants, the cellulosome is anchored to the bacterial cell wall through a relatively short ScaE scaffoldin. Determination of the crystal structure of the lone type‐III ScaE cohesin from R. flavefaciens (Rf‐CohE) was initiated as a part of a structural effort to define cellulosome assembly. The structure was determined at 1.95 Å resolution by single‐wavelength anomalous diffraction. This is the first detailed description of a crystal structure for a type‐III cohesin, and its features were compared with those of the known type‐I and type‐II cohesin structures. The Rf‐CohE module folds into a nine‐stranded β‐sandwich with jellyroll topology, typically observed for cohesins, and includes two β‐flaps in the midst of β‐strands 4 and 8, similar to the type‐II cohesin structures. However, the presence in Rf‐CohE of an additional 13‐residue α‐helix located between β‐strands 8 and 9 represents a dramatic divergence from other known cohesin structures. The prominent α‐helix is enveloped by an extensive N‐terminal loop, not observed in any other known cohesin, which embraces the helix presumably enhancing its stability. A planar surface at the upper portion of the front face of the molecule, bordered byβ‐flap 8, exhibits plausible dimensions and exposed amino acid residues to accommodate the dockerin‐binding site. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Soil‐less bioassays for early screening for resistance to imazapyr in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Vega Tatiana , Breccia Gabriela , Nestares Graciela , Mayor María Laura , Zorzoli Roxana , Picardi Liliana 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Rapid and efficient diagnostic tests for early screening of herbicide resistance are convenient alternatives to field screening methods. There is a need for a quick, reliable and cost‐effective method for rapid diagnosis of imidazolinone resistance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).RESULTS: Two seed germination bioassays were developed. Seeds from three sunflower inbred lines differing in resistance to imidazolinones were germinated either on solid culture medium or placed in plastic pots filled with commercial perlite. After 8 days incubation under controlled conditions, both assays successfully distinguished susceptible genotype from the resistant and intermediate ones. The susceptible genotype showed arrested root growth at all herbicide treatments (root length < 1 cm). The resistant genotype developed a complete root system even when exposed to the highest dose of herbicide. However, no definite differences were observed for the intermediate and resistant genotypes with respect to root growth under the different herbicide treatments.CONCLUSION: The simple and rapid screening assays described in the present study were useful in discriminating imidazolinone resistance at the seedling stage. Therefore, these bioassays could be potential tools for early screening of imidazolinone resistance genes from large sunflower populations. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Quercetin inhibited murine leukemia WEHI‐3 cells in vivo and promoted immune response
Authors: Yu Chun‐Shu , Lai Kuang‐Chi , Yang Jai‐Sing , Chiang Jo‐Hua , Lu Chi‐Cheng , Wu Chang‐Lin , Lin Jing‐Pin , Liao Ching‐Lung , Tang Nou‐Ying , Wood W. Gibson , Chung Jing‐Gung 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEnhanced flavonoid consumption is closely related with a reduced cancer incidence as shown in epidemiological studies. Quercetin (3,5,7,3′,4′‐pentahydroxylflavone) is one of the active components of flavonoids which exist in natural plants, particularly in onions and fruits. It was reported that quercetin induced apoptosis in human cancer cell lines, including human leukemia HL‐60 cells, but there is no available information as to its effects on leukemia cells in vivo. The purpose of the present studies was to focus on the in vivo effects of quercetin on leukemia WEHI‐3 cells. The effects of quercetin on WEHI‐3 cells injected into BALB/c mice were examined. Quercetin decreased the percentage of Mac‐3 and CD11b markers, suggesting that the differentiation of the precursors of macrophages and T cells was inhibited. There was no effect on CD3 levels but increased CD19 levels. Quercetin decreased the weight of the spleen and liver compared with the olive oil treated animals. Quercetin stimulated macrophage phagocytosis of cells isolated from peritoneum. Quercetin also promoted natural killer cell activity. Based on pathological examination, an effect of quercetin was observed in the spleen of mice previously injected with WEHI‐3 cells. Apparently, quercetin affects WEHI‐3 cells in vivo. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantized average consensus via dynamic coding/decoding schemes
Authors: Carli Ruggero , Bullo Francesco , Zampieri Sandro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the average consensus a set of linear systems has to be driven to the same final state, which corresponds to the average of their initial states. This mathematical problem can be seen as the simplest example of coordination task. In fact it can be used to model both the control of multiple autonomous vehicles which all have to be driven to the centroid of the initial positions, and to model the decentralized estimation of a quantity from multiple measure coming from distributed sensors. This contribution presents a consensus strategy in which the systems can exchange information among themselves according to a fixed strongly connected digital communication network. Beside the decentralized computational aspects induced by the choice of the communication network, we here have also to face the quantization effects due to the digital links. We here present and discuss two different encoding/decoding strategies with theoretical and simulation results on their performance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment recommendations in long‐chain fatty acid oxidation defects: consensus from a workshop
Authors: Spiekerkoetter U. , Lindner M. , Santer R. , Grotzke M. , Baumgartner M. R. , Boehles H. , Das A. , Haase C. , Hennermann J. B. , Karall D. , de Klerk H. , Knerr I. , Koch H. G. , Plecko B. , Röschinger W. , Schwab K. O. , Scheible D. , Wijburg F. A. , Zschocke J. , Mayatepek E. , Wendel U. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryPublished data on treatment of fatty acid oxidation defects are scarce. Treatment recommendations have been developed on the basis of observations in 75 patients with long‐chain fatty acid oxidation defects from 18 metabolic centres in Central Europe. Recommendations are based on expert practice and are suggested to be the basis for further multicentre prospective studies and the development of approved treatment guidelines. Considering that disease complications and prognosis differ between different disorders of long‐chain fatty acid oxidation and also depend on the severity of the underlying enzyme deficiency, treatment recommendations have to be disease‐specific and depend on individual disease severity. Disorders of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein are associated with the most severe clinical picture and require a strict fat‐reduced and fat‐modified (medium‐chain triglyceride‐supplemented) diet. Many patients still suffer acute life‐threatening events or long‐term neuropathic symptoms despite adequate treatment, and newborn screening has not significantly changed the prognosis for these severe phenotypes. Very long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency recognized in neonatal screening, in contrast, frequently has a less severe disease course and dietary restrictions in many patients may be loosened. On the basis of the collected data, recommendations are given with regard to the fat and carbohydrate content of the diet, the maximal length of fasting periods and the use of l‐carnitine in long‐chain fatty acid oxidation defects.
Perceptions of Licensure: A Survey of Michigan Genetic Counselors
Authors: Mester Jessica L. , Trepanier Angela M. , Harper Cheryl E. , Rozek Laura S. , Yashar Beverly M. , Uhlmann Wendy R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study by the Michigan Genetic Counselor Licensure Committee is the first known published documentation of genetic counselors’ beliefs and attitudes about licensure. The response rate from genetic counselors in Michigan was 66% (41/62). Ninety‐five percent of respondents were supportive of licensure. Respondents believed licensure would legitimize genetic counseling as a distinct allied healthcare profession (97.5%), increase the public's protection (75%), and allow genetic counselors to practice independently (67%). While 45% felt licensure would increase counselor involvement in lawsuits, this did not impact licensure support (p = 0.744). Opinions were split regarding physician supervision and ordering tests. Even though 28% favored physician supervision, there was overwhelming support for genetic counselors performing some components of genetic testing (95%) and ordering some types of genetic tests (82%) independent of a physician. Use of this survey may be helpful in other states to assess genetic counselors’ interest in licensure and for drafting legislation.
Correlation Between Wettability and Cleanability of Polyester Fabrics Modified by a Soil Release Polymer and Their Topographic Structure
Authors: Badrul Hasan M. M. , Calvimontes Alfredo , Dutschk Victoria 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this study, it was found that images scanned by a non‐contact optical instrument for topographic characterisation based on the principle of chromatic aberration give sufficient information to know the exact location of soil release polymer (SRP) deposition over fabrics. Through the comparison of reflected luminous intensity histograms, it is possible to determine mathematically the zones of fabric on which the SRP molecules settle. For this study, two plain weave fabrics were manufactured in a needle band weave machine from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) filament yarns made from two different cross‐sectional shaped filaments, circular and cruciform. Both the fabrics were desized and heat‐set. Topographic characteristics of polyester fabrics were determined by the optical instrument before and after their impregnation with a SRP. Differences between soiling behaviour, cleanability and wettability of the fabrics before and after impregnation were revealed and discussed. It was verified that micro‐topography of textiles determines the amount of SRP and its location. The results obtained correlate well with the wetting behaviour and cleanability of the fabrics studied.
Viscosity Adjustment of Aqueous Micellar Solutions of Gemini Surfactants by Interaction with Additional Surfactants
Authors: Liu Jinyan , Zhao Jianxi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe viscosity of aqueous micellar solutions depends on the size and shape of the aggregates and thus can be adjusted by addition of another surfactant interacting with the original component, which alters the geometry of the molecule‐pair consisting of two surfactants and influences strongly the size and shape of the mixed micelles. Ethanediyl‐α,ω‐bis(dimethyl dodecyl ammonium bromide), referred to as C12‐2‐C12·2Br, forms generally large micelles. Addition of a cationic surfactant (dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, C12TMABr) or a nonionic surfactant (alkyl polyoxyethylene ether, CmEn), the mixed micelle size is reduced violently since the electrostatic repulsion between the same charged heads of C12‐2‐C12·2Br and C12TMABr or the steric hindrance of the PEO chain of CmEn in the palisade layers of the mixed micelle, which leads to a decrease in the packing parameter P of the molecule‐pair. As a result, the zero‐shear viscosity (η0) of the mixed solution reduces rapidly. In contrast, on adding an oppositely charged surfactant, η0 of the mixed solution increases strongly since the P of the molecule‐pair increases through electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged heads. The typical cases occur in the mixtures of the anionic gemini surfactant, O,O′‐bis(sodium 2‐lauricate)‐p‐benzenediol C11pPHCNa, and the cationic surfactant C12‐2‐C12·2Br, C12TMABr or its homologue with a different size of heads.
Effect of moderate intakes of different tea catechins and caffeine on acute measures of energy metabolism under sedentary conditions
Authors: Gregersen Nikolaj T. , Bitz Christian , Krog-Mikkelsen Inger , Hels Ole , Kovacs Eva M. R. , Rycroft Jane A. , Frandsen Erik , Mela David J. , Astrup Arne 
Published: May 2009

Green tea may stimulate energy metabolism; however, it is unclear if acute effects are caused by specific catechins, caffeine or their combination. The objective of the present study was to examine the separate and combined effects of different catechins and caffeine on energy expenditure (EE) and fat oxidation over a single day. Fifteen healthy, normal-weight males received capsules containing placebo, caffeine alone (150 mg), or caffeine plus a catechin mixture (600 mg) enriched in either epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin or a mix of catechins, in a randomised cross-over double-blinded design. On each test day EE, respiratory quotient (RQ) and substrate oxidation were measured under sedentary conditions in a respiratory chamber for 13·5 h. We found no significant treatment effect on EE (P = 0·20) or RQ (P = 0·68). EGCG with caffeine insignificantly raised EE and fat oxidation v. caffeine-only and placebo (EE 5·71 (se 0·12) v. 5·68 (se 0·14) v. 5·59 (se 0·13) MJ/12·5 h, respectively; fat oxidation 84·8 (se 5·2) v. 80·7 (se 4·7) v. 76·8 (se 4·0) g/12·5 h). Catechin/caffeine combinations at these dosages and mode of application had non-significant acute effects on EE and fat oxidation. The maximum observed effect on EE of about 2 % could still be meaningful for energy balance over much longer period of exposure. However, higher short-term effects reported in the literature may reflect variations in green tea extracts, added caffeine, or synergies with physical activity. The specific mechanisms and conditions that may underpin observed longer-term benefits of catechin-enriched green tea consumption on body composition remain to be confirmed.
The distribution of the residues of a quartic polynomial
Authors: McCann K. , Williams K. S. 
Published: May 2009

Let f(x) denote a polynomial of degree d defined over a finite field k with q = pnelements. B. J. Birch and H. P. F. Swinnerton-Dyer [1] have estimated the number N(f) of distinct values of y in k for which at least one of the roots ofis in k. They prove, using A. Weil's deep results [12] (that is, results depending on the Riemann hypothesis for algebraic function fields over a finite field) on the number of points on a finite number of curves, thatwhere λ is a certain constant and the constant implied by the O-symbol depends only on d. In fact, if G(f) denotes the Galois group of the equation (1.1) over k(y) and G+(f) its Galois group over k+(y), where k+ is the algebraic closure of k, then it is shown that λ depends only on G(f), G+(f) and d. It is pointed out that “in general”
Hilbert transforms and unitary equivalence
Authors: Putnam R. 
Published: May 2009

If E is a subset of the real line of positive measure, then the associated Hilbert transform H = HE,where the integral is a Cauchy principal value, is a bounded self-adjoint operator on L2(E) (cf. Muskhelishvili [4]). In case E = (-∞, ∞) the transformation is also unitary with a spectrum consisting of 1 and -1, each of infinite multiplicity (Titchmarsh [10]). If E is a inite interval the spectral representation of H has been given by Koppelman and Pincus [3]; see also Putnam [6]. In particular the spectrum of H is in this case the closed interval [-1, 1]. Moreover, according to Widom [11], the spectrum of H is [-1, 1] whenever E ≠ (-∞, ∞), that is, whenever
Regular ω-semigroups
Authors: Munn W. D. 
Published: May 2009

Let S be a semigroup whose set E of idempotents is non-empty. We define a partial ordering ≧ on E by the rule that e ≧ f and only if ef = f = fe. If E = {ei: i∈ N}, where N denotes the set of all non-negative integers, and if the elements of E form the chainthen S is called an ω-semigroup.
The solution of certain simultaneous pairs of dual integral equations
Authors: Lowengrub M. 
Published: May 2009

In the analysis of mixed boundary value problems by Hankel transforms, one often encounters dual integral equations of the formwhere I1 = (0, 1), I2 = (1, ∞); w1(x), w2(x) are weight functions, ψ(x) is the unknown function, and f(y), g(y) are functions continuously differentiate on I1 and I2 respectively. Many successful attempts have been made to solve (1.1) and (1.2). These are all discussed in a recent book by Sneddon [7]. As pointed out in a recent paper by Erdogan and Bahar [4], in mixed boundary value problems of semi-infinite domains involving more than one unknown function such as those arising in elastostatics, viscoelasticity, and electrostatics, the formulation will lead to a system of simultaneous dual integral equations which is a generalization of (1.1) and (1.2). These equations may be expressed as follows:with i = 1, 2, …, n, where we use the notation
-injectors of locally soluble FC-groups
Authors: Tomkinson M. J. 
Published: May 2009

A group G is said to be an FC-group if each element of G has only a finite number of conjugates in G. We are concerned with the class of periodic locally soluble. FC-groups. Clearly subgroups and factor groups of -groups are also -groups.Every finite soluble group is a -group, and we consider here the generalization of a concept from the theory of finite soluble groups.
On inequalities for integral operators
Authors: Okikiolu G. O. 
Published: May 2009

In two papers [3] and [4], the author has extended the inequality of Schur (Theorem 319 of [2]) to cases involving kernels which satisfy identities of the formThe purpose of this paper is to prove a general inequality, which includes the above and also the inequality of Young (Theorem 281 of [2]) as special cases. We shall give the results a general setting by considering functions defined on abstract measure spaces. From this we shall deduce an extension to n dimensions of the results given in [3], which also generalises a similar extension of the Schur inequality given by Stein and Weiss. In fact some cases of the other results given in [5] will follow directly from our theorem.
A concavity problem in number theory
Authors: Anderson Ian 
Published: May 2009

For any fixed value of x, let denote the set of all positive integers with exactly k prime factors counted according to multiplicity, each prime factor being ≦ x. In an earlier paper [1] in this journal we posed the following problem. LetShow the existence or non-existence of an integer K such that, ifthenWe now show that such a K exists, and that in (2) there is strict inequality in each case.
Homology and the Koszul complex
Authors: Moore D. J. 
Published: May 2009

Let R be a commutative ring with an identity element, E a (unitary) R-module, and x1, x2, …, xs elements of R. In these circumstances it is possible to form the Koszul complex† K(x1, x2, …, xs|E) of E with respect to x1, x2,…, xs and to investigate the implications, for E and xl, x2, …, xs, if certain of the homology modules of this complex vanish. This was first undertaken by M. Auslander and D. A. Buchsbaum [1]. Among the many results they obtain, the following [1, Proposition 2.8, p. 632] is of particular interest in connection with the present paper:If R is Noetherian, E is finitely generated, and x1x2,…, xs belong to the Jacobson radical of R, then the statements(a) x1, x2,…, xsis an R-sequence on E,(b) HpK(x1, x2,…,xs⃒E) = O for all p > 0,(c) H1K(x1, x2,…., xs,⃒E) = 0,are all equivalent.
Abstract integral spaces and minimal extensions
Authors: Maron M. J. 
Published: May 2009

The development of the theory of absolute integrals derives from certain key facts. Among them are:(I) An integral is a positive linear functional on a vector lattice, which is continuous in a certain sense.(II) A function equal almost everywhere to a summable function is itself summable.(III) Every measurable function is the pointwise limit of a sequence of elementary step functions.A device that often plays an important role in measure theory, but which has not beenfully exploited in the theory of abstract integrals is that of(IV) the smallest class containing a given class and having a certain property(such as being a σ-ring of sets). It is our purpose in this paper to examine the theory of abstract real-valued absolute integrals axiomatically, in such a way as to isolate and clarify the roles of (I) through (IV).