bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of an acellular porcine cartilage bone matrix for use in tissue engineering
Authors: Kheir Ehab , Stapleton Thomas , Shaw David , Jin Zhongmin , Fisher John , Ingham Eileen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a technique to decellularize a porcine cartilage bone construct with view to using this as a biological scaffold for cartilage substitution. The decellularization protocol applied freeze/thaw cycles; this was followed by cyclic incubation in hypotonic tris buffer and 0.1% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate in hypotonic buffer plus protease inhibitors. Nucleases (RNase and DNase) were used to digest nucleic acids followed by disinfection using 0.1% (v/v) peracetic acid. Histological analysis confirmed the absence of visible cells within the decellularized tissue. DNA analysis revealed the near‐complete removal of genomic DNA from the decellularized tissues. The decellularization process had minimal effect on the collagen content of the cartilage. However, there was a significant reduction in the glycosaminoglycan content in the decellularized tissues. There was no evidence of the expression of the major xenogeneic epitope, galactose‐α‐1,3‐galactose. Biomechanical indentation testing of decellularized tissues showed a significant change in comparison to the fresh cartilage. This was presumed to be caused by the reduction in the glycosaminoglycan content. Biocompatibility of the acellular scaffold was determined using contact cytotoxicity assays and a galactosyltransferase knockout mouse model. Decellularized porcine cartilage tissue was found to exhibit favorable compatibility in both in vitro and in vivo tests. In conclusion, this study has generated data on the production of an acellular cartilage bone matrix scaffold for use in osteochondral defect repair. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has successfully removed whole cells and α‐gal from xenogeneic cartilage and bone tissue. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Effects of TiO2‐containing phosphate glasses on solubility and in vitro biocompatibility
Authors: Novajra G. , Vitale‐Brovarone C. , Knowles J. C. , Maina G. , Aina V. , Ghigo D. , Bergandi L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPhosphate‐based glasses with different amounts of titanium dioxide (TiO2), having the following molar composition 50P2O5‐30CaO‐9Na2O‐3SiO2‐3MgO‐(5‐x)K2O‐xTiO2, (where x = 0, 2.5, 5 mol %), were synthesised and characterized in terms of solubility (according to ISO 10993‐14), and in vitro biocompatibility using human MG‐63 osteoblast cells. Dissolution tests were carried out in Tris‐HCl (pH 7.4) to simulate the physiological pH and in citric acid (pH 3.0) to simulate an acidic environment. The weight loss decreased with increasing TiO2 content, a process further enhanced in acidic medium. TiO2 reduced the pH changes usually caused by the dissolution products released. Cellular tests showed that all the glasses studied (0–5 mol % TiO2) and TiCl4, used to investigate the biocompatibility of titanium ions, did not produce cytotoxic effects on human MG‐63 osteoblasts for up to 5 days in culture. On the basis of these results, we suggest that TiO2‐containing phosphate glasses could be promising substrates for bone tissue engineering applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2011.
The photoreceptive cells of the pineal gland in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Laurà Rosaria , Magnoli Domenico , Zichichi Rosalia , Guerrera Maria Cristina , De Carlos Felix , Suárez Alberto Álvarez , Abbate Francesco , Ciriaco Emilia , Vega Jose Antonio , Germanà Antonino 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe zebrafish pineal gland plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the circadian rhythm through the melatonin secretion. The pinealocytes, also called photoreceptive cells, are considered the morphofunctional unit of pineal gland. In literature, the anatomical features, the cellular characteristics, and the pinealocytes morphology of zebrafish pineal gland have not been previously described in detail. Therefore, this study was undertaken to analyze the structure and ultrastructure, as well as the immunohistochemical profile of the zebrafish pineal gland with particular reference to the pinealocytes. Here, we demonstrated, using RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, the expression of the mRNA for rhodopsin in the pineal gland of zebrafish, as well as its cellular localization exclusively in the pinealocytes of adult zebrafish. Moreover, the ultrastructural observations demonstrated that the pinealocytes were constituted by an outer segment with numerous lamellar membranes, an inner segment with many mitochondria, and a basal pole with the synapses. Our results taken together demonstrated a central role of zebrafish pinealocytes in the control of pineal gland functions. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polycyclic N‐heterocyclic compounds, part 67: Reaction of 6,7‐substituted N‐(quinazolin‐4‐yl)amidine derivatives with hydroxylamine hydrochloride: Formation of in vitro inhibitors of pentosidine
Authors: Okuda Kensuke , Muroyama Hideki , Hirota Takashi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractReactions of N‐(quinazolin‐4‐yl)amidines and their amide oximes with hydroxylamine hydrochloride gave cyclization products that were formed by an initial ring cleavage of the pyrimidine component followed by a ring closure formation of 1,2,4‐oxadiazole to give N‐[2‐([1,2,4]oxadiazol‐5‐yl)phenyl]formamide oximes. All isolated products were evaluated for in vitro inhibitory activity on the formation of pentosidine, which is one of representative advanced glycation end products. Some products exhibited significant inhibitory activity against pentosidine formation. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
One‐pot synthesis of 2,3‐disubstituted‐2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones using [Hmim][NO3]: An eco‐friendly protocol
Authors: Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Khosropour Ahmad Reza , Moghadam Majid , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Mirkhani Valiollah , Soltani Mohammad , Mirjafari Arsalan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAn efficient method for the synthesis of a series of 2,3‐disubstituted‐2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones is described via one‐pot condensation reaction of isatoic anhydride, aryl aldehydes, and primary amines using a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid, [Hmim][NO3], as a catalyst and medium. The present protocol enjoys convenient reaction and simple work‐up, greenness, short reaction times, and reusable catalyst as well as mild reaction conditions. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Effect of implantation site and injury condition on host response to human‐derived fascia lata ECM in a rat model
Authors: Leigh Diane R. , Baker Andrew R. , Mesiha Mena , Rodriguez E. Rene , Tan Carmela D. , Walker Esteban , Derwin Kathleen A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe host response and remodeling of ECM scaffolds are believed to be critical determinants of success or failure in repair or reconstructive procedures. Host response has been investigated in subcutaneous or abdominal wall implantation models. The extent to which evaluation of the host response to ECM intended for tendon or ligament repair should be performed in an orthotopic site is not known. This study compared the host response to human‐derived fascia lata ECM among various implantation sites in the rat model. Results showed that a xenograft in the rat shoulder does not exhibit a different host response at 7 days from xenograft in the body wall, suggesting that either site may be appropriate to study the early host response to biologic grafts as well as the effect of various treatments aimed to modify the early host response. By 28 days, a xenograft in the rat shoulder does elicit a unique host response from that seen in the body wall. Therefore, it may be more appropriate to use an orthotopic shoulder model for investigating the long‐term host response and remodeling of biologic grafts to be used for rotator cuff repair. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:461–467, 2012
Suture anchor versus screw fixation for greater tuberosity fractures of the humerus—a biomechanical study
Authors: Lin Cheng‐Li , Hong Chih‐Kai , Jou I‐Ming , Lin Chii‐Jeng , Su Fong‐Chin , Su Wei‐Ren 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSuture anchors and screws are commonly used for fixation of humeral greater tuberosity (GT) fractures in either arthroscopic or open surgeries, but no biomechanical studies have been performed to compare the strength of fixation constructs using these two implants. This cadaveric study aimed to compare the biomechanical strength of three different fixation constructs in the management of GT fractures: Double‐Row Suture Anchor Fixation (DR); Suture‐Bridge Technique using suture anchors and knotless suture anchors (SB); and Two‐Screw Fixation (TS). The experimental procedure was designed to assess fracture displacement after cyclic loading, failure load, and failure mode of the fixation construct. Significant differences were found among the SB (321 N), DR (263 N), and TS (187 N) groups (SB > DR > TS, p < 0.05) in the mean force of cyclic loading to create 3 mm displacement. Regarding the mean force of cyclic loading to create 5 mm displacement and ultimate failure load, no significant difference was found between the DR (370 N, 480 N) and SB (399 N, 493 N) groups, but both groups achieved superior results compared with the TS group (249 N, 340 N) (p < 0.05). The results suggested that the suture anchor constructs would be stronger than the fixation construct using screws for the humeral GT fracture. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:423–428, 2012
Kinetics of basic hydrolysis of tris(1,10‐phenanthroline)iron(II) in macromolecular assemblies of CTAB
Authors: Mandal Harasit Kumar , Majumdar Tapas , Mahapatra Ambikesh 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe kinetics of basic hydrolysis of tris(1,10‐phenanthroline)iron(II) has been carried out in aqueous, N‐cetyl‐N,N,N‐trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) micellar, and CTAB reverse micellar media by UV–visible spectroscopy system. The reaction follows the overall second‐order kinetics; first order in each Fe(II) complex and the base (−OH). CTAB micelles catalyze the reaction rate through the adsorption of the Fe(II) complex and the hydroxyl ions on the micellar surface. In the reverse micellar medium, interesting physicochemical features are observed. Being ionic nature of reactants, both the reactants prefer to stay and react inside the water pool in place of the hydrophobic environment. The rate increases with w, that is, the size of the water pool, attains a maximum value at w = 8.33, and then decreases. But the rate increases as the concentration of surfactant increases at fixed w values. For a better explanation of the kinetic data, the activation parameters, standard enthalpy of activation (Δ‡H°), standard entropy of activation (Δ‡S°), and energy of activation (Ea) were determined. All kinetic data corroborate the proposed mechanism. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 579–589, 2011
Theoretical study of the mechanism for the gas‐phase pyrolysis kinetics of 2‐methylbenzyl chloride
Authors: Marquez Edgar , Mora Jose R. , Cordova Tania , Chuchani Gabriel 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe study of the kinetics and mechanism of dehydrochlorination reaction of 2‐methyl benzyl chloride in the gas phase was carried out by means of electronic structure calculations using ab initio Móller‐Plesset MP2/6‐31G(d,p), and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods: B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p), B3LYP/6‐31++G(d,p), MPW1PW91/6‐31G(d,p), MPW1PW91/6‐31++G(d,p)], PBE/6‐31G(d,p), PBE/6‐31++G(d,p). Investigated reaction pathways comprise: Mechanism I, a concerted reaction through a six‐centered cyclic transition state (TS) geometry; Mechanism II, a 1,3‐chlorine shift followed by beta‐elimination and Mechanism III, a single‐step elimination with simultaneous HCl and benzocyclobutene formation through a bicyclic type of TS. Calculated parameters ruled out Mechanism III and suggest the elimination reaction may occur by either unimolecular Mechanism I or Mechanism II. However, the TS of the former is 20 kJ/mole more stable than the TS of the latter. Consequently, the Mechanism I seem to be more probable to occur. The rate‐determining process is the breaking of C‐Cl bond. The involvement of π‐electrons of the aromatic system was demonstrated by NBO charges and bond order calculations. The reaction is moderately polar in nature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 537–546, 2011
Toward optimizing the indications for orthotopic liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Samuel Didier , Colombo Massimo , El-Serag Hachem , Sobesky Rodolphe , Heaton Nigel 
Published: August 2011

Key Points
1. Liver transplantation is currently an effective therapy for patients with HCC who meet the Milan criteria.
2. The proportion of patients on waiting lists for liver transplantation who have HCC has increased substantially in recent years. HCC is currently one of the major indications for liver transplantation; it is the indication for approximately one-third of liver transplants.
3. If the Milan criteria are not met, the survival rates after liver transplantation for HCC tend to decrease, mainly because of the catastrophic consequences of HCC recurrence.
4. A few studies have supported liver transplantation when the Milan criteria are exceeded, but extensions beyond the Milan criteria remain controversial. Even if an individual patient with HCC who does not meet the Milan criteria might benefit from liver transplantation, the limited number of currently available donor organs limits the indications for liver transplantation to those patients with HCC who have the greatest likelihood of survival after the procedure.
5. To patients with early-stage HCC, surgical resection can be offered if the hepatocellular function is well maintained and severe portal hypertension is not present.
6. To enable patients with HCC to have access to liver transplantation that is similar to the access for other patients without HCC in the MELD allocation system, additional points based on the number and size of HCC lesions are assigned to patients on the waiting list. However, this system requires further refinement to ensure that it is as fair as possible.
7. Liver transplantation for HCC should be restricted to those patients who are expected to have the same posttransplant survival as that of patients with nonneoplastic end-stage chronic liver disease.
8. On the basis of these considerations, a 5-year survival rate of 50% after liver transplantation for HCC seems too low. Liver Transpl, 2011. © 2011 AASLD.
Fast diffusion‐weighted steady state free precession imaging of in vivo knee cartilage
Authors: Bieri O. , Ganter C. , Welsch G. H. , Trattnig S. , Mamisch T. C. , Scheffler K. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractQuantification of molecular diffusion with steady state free precession (SSFP) is complicated by the fact that diffusion effects accumulate over several repetition times (TR) leading to complex signal dependencies on transverse and longitudinal magnetization paths. This issue is commonly addressed by setting TR > T2, yielding strong attenuation of all higher modes, except of the shortest ones. As a result, signal attenuation from diffusion becomes T2 independent but signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and sequence efficiency are remarkably poor. In this work, we present a new approach for fast in vivo steady state free precession diffusion‐weighted imaging of cartilage with TR << T2 offering a considerable increase in signal‐to‐noise ratio and sequence efficiency. At a first glance, prominent coupling between magnetization paths seems to complicate quantification issues in this limit, however, it is observed that diffusion effects become rather T2(ΔD ∼ 1/10 ΔT2) but not T1 independent (ΔD ∼ 1/2 ΔT1) for low flip angles α ∼ 10 − 15°. As a result, fast high‐resolution (0.35 × 0.35 − 0.50 × 0.50 mm2 in‐plane resolution) quantitative diffusion‐weighted imaging of human articular cartilage is demonstrated at 3.0 T in a clinical setup using estimated T1 and T2 or a combination of measured T1 and estimated T2 values. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A revision of the intensity of treatment rating scale: Classifying the intensity of pediatric cancer treatment
Authors: Kazak Anne E. , Hocking Matthew C. , Ittenbach Richard F. , Meadows Anna T. , Hobbie Wendy , DeRosa Branlyn Werba , Leahey Ann , Kersun Leslie , Reilly Anne 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundWe previously developed a reliable and valid method for classifying the intensity of pediatric cancer treatment. The Intensity of Treatment Rating Scale (ITR‐2.0) 1 classifies treatments into four operationally defined levels of intensity and is completed by pediatric oncology specialists based on diagnosis, stage, and treatment data from the medical record. Experience with the ITR‐2.0 and recent changes in treatment protocols indicated the need for a minor revision and revalidation.MethodsFive criterion raters reviewed the prior items, independently proposing additions and/or changes in the classification of diseases/treatments. Subsequent to a group discussion of the proposed changes, a revised 43‐item ITR was evaluated. Pediatric oncologists (n = 47) completed a two‐part online questionnaire. Validity of the classifications was determined by the oncologists classifying each disease/treatment into one of the four levels of intensity. Inter‐rater reliability was calculated by having each oncologist classify the treatments of 12 sample patients using the new version which we call the ITR‐3.ResultsAgreement between median ratings of the 43 items for the pediatric oncologists and the criterion raters was high (r = 0.88). The median of the raters was either identical (81%) with the criterion ratings or discrepant by one level. Inter‐rater reliability was very high when using the ITR‐3 to classify 12 sample patients, with a median agreement of 0.90 and an intraclass correlation coefficient (rICC = 0.86).ConclusionsWith these minor modifications and updates, the ITR‐3 remains a reliable and valid method for classifying pediatric oncology treatment protocols. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 96–99. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Thin‐layer Chromatography Method for the Identification of Three Different Olibanum Resins (Boswellia serrata, Boswellia papyrifera and Boswellia carterii, respectively, Boswellia sacra)
Authors: Paul Michael , Brüning Gerit , Bergmann Jochen , Jauch Johann 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionResins of the genus Boswellia are currently an interesting topic for pharmaceutical research since several pharmacological activities (e.g. anti‐inflammatory, anti‐microbial, anti‐tumour) are reported for extracts and compounds isolated from them. Unambiguous identification of these resins, by simple and convenient analytical methods, has so far not clearly been verified.ObjectiveFor differentiation and identification of three important Boswellia species (Boswellia serrata Roxb., Boswellia papyrifera Hochst. and Boswellia carterii Birdw., respectively Boswellia sacra Flueck.), possible even for minimally equipped laboratories, a thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) method was developed, allowing unambiguous identification of the three species.MethodologyCrude resin samples (commercial samples and a voucher specimen) were extracted with methanol or diethyl ether and subjected to TLC analysis (normal phase). A pentane and diethyl ether (2:1) with 1% acetic acid eluent was used. Chromatograms were analysed by UV detection (254 nm) and dyeing with anisaldehyde dyeing reagent. Significant spots were isolated and structures were assigned (mass spectrometry; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy).ResultsIncensole and incensole acetate are specific biomarkers for Boswellia papyrifera. Boswellia carterii/Boswellia sacra reveal ß‐caryophyllene oxide as a significant marker compound. Boswellia serrata shows neither incensole acetate nor ß‐caryophyllene oxide spots, but can be identified by a strong serratol and a sharp 3‐oxo‐8,24‐dien‐tirucallic acid spot.ConclusionThe TLC method developed allows unambiguous identification of three different olibanum samples (Boswellia papyrifera, Boswellia serrata, Boswellia carterii/Boswellia sacra). Evidence on the specific biosynthesis routes of these Boswellia species is reported. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of a new multiarm star polymer based on hyperbranched poly(styrene) core and poly(ε‐caprolactone) arms and its use as reactive modifier of epoxy thermosets
Authors: Morell Mireia , Foix David , Lederer Albena , Ramis Xavier , Voit Brigitte , Serra Àngels 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA well‐defined multiarm star copolymer poly(styrene)‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PSOH‐b‐PCL) with an average number of PCL arms per molecule of 60 has been prepared. 4‐Chloromethyl styrene (4‐CMS) was polymerized by means of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to obtain a hyperbranched poly(styrene) with chlorines as terminal groups. Subsequently, chlorines were substituted by reaction with diisopropanolamine (DIPA) to give the hydroxyl‐ended derivative. Finally, the hydroxyl‐ended hyperbranched poly(styrene) has been used as a macroinitiator core to polymerize ε‐caprolactone by means of cationic ring‐opening polymerization so as to obtain the star copolymer. In a second step, PSOH‐b‐PCL was used as reactive modifier of diglycidylether of bisphenol A formulations cured by 1‐methyl imidazole (1‐MI) obtaining nanostructured thermosets. The curing process was studied by dynamic scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). By rheometry, the effect of this new polymer topology on the complex viscosity (η*) of the reactive mixture and on the gelation process was also analyzed. The thermomechanical characteristics of the modified materials were determined. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Computational analysis of residue contributions to coiled‐coil topology
Authors: Ramos Jorge , Lazaridis Themis 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA variety of features are thought to contribute to the oligomeric and topological specificity of coiled coils. In previous work, we examined the determinants of oligomeric state. Here, we examine the energetic basis for the tendency of six coiled‐coil peptides to align their α‐helices in antiparallel orientation using molecular dynamics simulations with implicit solvation (EEF1.1). We also examine the effect of mutations known to disrupt the topology of these peptides. In agreement with experiment, ARG or LYS at a or d positions were found to stabilize the antiparallel configuration. The modeling suggests that this is not due to a–a′ or d–d′ repulsions but due to interactions with e′ and g′ residues. TRP at core positions also favors the antiparallel configuration. Residues that disfavor parallel dimers, such as ILE at d, are better tolerated in, and thus favor the antiparallel configuration. Salt bridge networks were found to be more stabilizing in the antiparallel configuration for geometric reasons: antiparallel helices point amino acid side chains in opposite directions. However, the structure with the largest number of salt bridges was not always the most stable, due to desolvation and configurational entropy contributions. In tetramers, the extent of stabilization of the antiparallel topology by core residues is influenced by the e′ residue on a neighboring helix. Residues at b and c positions in some cases also contribute to stabilization of antiparallel tetramers. This work provides useful rules toward the goal of designing coiled coils with a well‐defined and predictable three‐dimensional structure.