bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends of Convective Available Potential Energy over the Indian region and its effect on rainfall
Authors: Murugavel P. , Pawar S. D. , Gopalakrishnan V. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMany studies in recent times have suggested that long‐term changes in Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) are associated with the changes in convective activity and atmospheric energy budget and, hence, the changes in CAPE could be used as a potential indicator of climate change. Here, we analyse daily radiosonde data of 32 stations over the Indian region from 1984 to 2008 (25 years), to study the climatology and long‐term changes in CAPE, lower troposphere moisture content and upper tropospheric temperature. Using gridded daily rainfall data over this region, the relationship between average CAPE and average rainfall as well as the trends in CAPE and its effect on rainfall pattern are also examined during different seasons of this region. All the coastal and island stations, as well as some stations in the foothills of the Himalayas, show higher values of CAPE compared to other inland stations. This study clearly demonstrates that CAPE values have been systematically increasing over most parts of the Indian region during last 25 years. The increase in CAPE is found to be due to increase in low‐level moisture content and decrease in upper level temperature over the last 25 years. The seasonal variations show that the CAPE is higher during the monsoon compared to pre‐monsoon or post‐monsoon seasons and it suggests that thermodynamic conditions favourable for high CAPE together with large‐scale dynamics are necessary for organized monsoon convections over this region. In comparison with a large increase in the all‐India average of CAPE during monsoon season, which is about 38 J Kg−1 year−1, the all‐India summer monsoon rainfall increases about 1.3 mm year−1. The systematic increasing trend in CAPE may be compensating for weakening of monsoon circulation and, thus, maintaining the monsoon rainfall over the Indian region. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Multiple drought indices for agricultural drought risk assessment on the Canadian prairies
Authors: Sun Liu , Mitchell Scott W. , Davidson Andrew 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA multi‐index drought (MID) model was developed to combine the strengths of various drought indices for agricultural drought risk assessment on the Canadian prairies, as related to spring wheat crop yield. The model automatically selects and combines optimum drought indices derived from the preceding and current months as they become available to better match the conditions (both spatially and temporally) where they work well. The cross‐validation results showed that (1) the prediction accuracy of the MID model is better than (or occasionally equal to) using any single drought index for all modelling stages, (2) drought indices derived from the recharge period are useful for early drought risk detection, (3) model prediction accuracy improved as the growing season progressed with the most accurate assessments at the beginning of August, and (4) the model performed best in the more arid locations in the southern prairies, which tend to have a more variable precipitation regime. The model assessment results provide the spatial intensity distribution of possible drought progression and recession before and during the growing season, and can be used with complementary information in agricultural drought risk management and mitigation strategies. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Association between measures of trochlear morphology and structural features of patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis on MRI: The MOST study
Authors: Stefanik Joshua J. , Roemer Frank W. , Zumwalt Ann C. , Zhu Yanyan , Gross K. Douglas , Lynch John A. , Frey‐Law Laura A. , Lewis Cora E. , Guermazi Ali , Powers Christopher M. , Felson David T. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe sulcus angle has been widely used in the literature as a measure of trochlear morphology. Recently, lateral trochlear inclination and trochlear angle have been reported as alternatives. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between measures of trochlear morphology and patellofemoral joint (PFJ) cartilage damage and bone marrow lesions (BMLs). Nine hundred seven knees were selected from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study, a cohort study of persons aged 50–79 years with or at risk for knee OA. Trochlear morphology was measured using lateral trochlear inclination, trochlear angle, and sulcus angle on axial MRI images; cartilage damage and BMLs were graded on MRI. We determined the association between quartiles of each trochlear morphology variable with the presence or absence of cartilage damage and BMLs in the PFJ using logistic regression. The strongest associations were seen with lateral trochlear inclination and lateral PFJ cartilage damage and BMLs, with knees in the lowest quartile (flattened lateral trochlea) having more than two times the odds of lateral cartilage damage and BMLs compared to those in the highest quartile (p < 0.0001). Lateral trochlear inclination may be the best method for assessment of trochlear morphology as it was strongly association with structural damage in the PFJ. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1–8, 2012
Revision of the Shoulder Normalization tests is required to include rhomboid major and teres major
Authors: Ginn K.A. , Halaki M. , Cathers I. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe four “Shoulder Normalization Tests” were found previously to be a parsimonious set of isometric tests that produce maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) in the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, trapezius, serratus anterior, deltoid, latissimus dorsi, and pectoralis major [Boettcher et al. (2008). J Orthop Res 26:1591–1597]. However, these tests have not been validated for rhomboid major and teres major. In the current study, these Shoulder Normalization Tests were evaluated and compared to three other tests that could possibly elicit maximum activity in rhomboid major and teres major: abduction/extension in 90° abduction; adduction at 90° abduction; and extension in 30° abduction. No statistical difference was found in the mean activation of rhomboid major and teres major in these additional MVIC tests compared to the Shoulder Normalization Tests. However, the extension MVIC test produced maxima for at least 50% of subjects in rhomboid major, teres major, and latissimus dorsi. We concluded that the original Shoulder Normalization Tests should be expanded to include the extension MVIC test. The EMG normalization reference value for any of the above muscles would be the maximum EMG level generated across these Revised Shoulder Normalization Tests. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:1846–1849, 2011
Migration responses of outer and inner meniscus cells to applied direct current electric fields
Authors: Gunja Najmuddin J. , Dujari Divya , Chen Andrew , Luengo Alba , Fong Jason V. , Hung Clark T. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractInjuries to the inner regions of the knee meniscus do not heal and can result in degenerative changes to the articular surface, ultimately leading to osteoarthritis. A possible stimulus to enhance meniscus healing is to use electric fields that induce galvanotaxis. In this study, a novel characterization of the effects of direct current electric fields on migration characteristics of meniscus cells was performed. Primary and passaged inner and outer meniscus cells were exposed to varying electric field strengths from 0 to 6 V/cm. Cell migration was tracked using time lapse digital photography, and cell displacement and cathodal direct velocity were quantified. Cytoskeletal staining was performed to examine actin distribution and nuclear content. Cell adhesion strength was quantified as a function of wall shear stress. Meniscus cells exhibited cathodal migration and cell elongation perpendicular to the applied electric field accompanied by actin reorganization. Outer meniscus cells migrated quicker and exhibited lower adhesion strengths when compared to inner meniscus cells. Passaged cells exhibited higher migration characteristics when compared to primary cells. Overall, this study demonstrated that electric fields can significantly enhance and direct meniscus cell migration and suggests the potential for their incorporation in strategies of meniscus repair and tissue engineering. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:103–111, 2012
Identification of Acetobacter strains from Thai fermented rice products based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and 16S–23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer restriction analyses
Authors: Tanasupawat Somboon , Kommanee Jintana , Yukphan Pattaraporn , Nakagawa Yasuyoshi , Yamada Yuzo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Fermented rice flour (khao‐khab, a non‐glutinous rice) and related products are Thai traditional products. The types of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) microflora in khao‐khab have not been reported. In this study, Acetobacter strains were isolated and identified based on the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and molecular aspects.RESULTS: Twenty‐five acetic acid bacteria isolated from fermented rice products and a starter for sweetened rice in Thailand by an enrichment culture approach, were assigned to the genus Acetobacter by phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterisations. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and 16S–23S rRNA gene ITS restriction analyses, 25 isolates were divided into six groups and identified at the specific level: (1) Group 1 included five isolates, which were identified as A. indonesiensis; (2) Group 2 included two isolates, which were identified as A. lovaniensis; (3) Group 3 included one isolate, which was identified as A. orientalis; (4) Group 4 included eleven isolates, which were identified as A. pasteurianus; (5) Group 5 included three isolates, which were identified as A. syzygii and (6) Group 6 included three isolates, which were unidentified and considered to constitute a new species.CONCLUSION: Results revealed that various Acetobacter species were distributed in Thai fermented rice flour and related products. A novel Acetobacter species was isolated from the product. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Salt‐induced modulation in inorganic nutrients, antioxidant enzymes, proline content and seed oil composition in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Authors: Siddiqi Ejaz Hussain , Ashraf Muhammad , Al‐Qurainy Fahad , Akram Nudrat Aisha 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) has gained considerable ground as a potential oil‐seed crop. However, its yield and oil production are adversely affected under saline conditions. The present study was conducted to appraise the influence of salt (NaCl) stress on yield, accumulation of different inorganic elements, free proline and activities of some key antioxidant enzymes in plant tissues as well as seed oil components in safflower. Two safflower accessions differing in salt tolerance (Safflower‐33 (salt sensitive) and Safflower‐39 (salt tolerant)) were grown under saline (150 mmol L−1) conditions and salt‐induced changes in the earlier‐mentioned physiological attributes were determined.RESULTS: Salt stress enhanced leaf and root Na+, Cl− and proline accumulation and activities of leaf superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, while it decreased K+, Ca2+ and K+/Ca2+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios and seed yield, 100‐seed weight, number of seeds, as well as capitula, seed oil contents and oil palmitic acid. No significant effect of salt stress was observed on seed oil α‐tocopherols, stearic acid, oleic acid or linoleic acid contents. Of the two safflower lines, salt‐sensitive Safflower‐33 was higher in leaf and root Na+ and Cl−, while Safflower‐39 was higher in leaf and root K+, K+/Ca2+ and Ca2+/Na+ and seed yield, 100‐seed weight, catalase activity, seed oil contents, seed oil α‐tocopherol and palmitic acid. Other attributes remained almost unaffected in both accessions.CONCLUSION: Overall, high salt tolerance of Safflower‐39 could be attributed to Na+ and Cl− exclusion, high accumulation of K+ and free proline, enhanced CAT activity, seed oil α‐tocopherols and palmitic acid contents. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells through suppression of EGFR/ERK pathway and cyclin B1/CDK1 complex
Authors: Lim Young Chang , Cha Yun Yi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundAnaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most lethal cancers because of its aggressiveness and the lack of efficacious therapy. Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a major catechin in green tea, was shown to possess remarkable therapeutic potential against various types of human cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo models. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EGCG on the proliferation and apoptosis of ARO cells—human ATC cells.Study designExperimental study.MethodsHuman ATC cell line, ARO, was treated with EGCG. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Inhibition of EGFR/MAPK pathway and cell cycle‐related proteins by EGCG were measured by Western blot analysis. In addition, cell cycle analysis was measured by flow cytometry.ResultsEGCG treatment inhibited the growth of ARO cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, EGCG suppressed phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK1/2, JNK, and p38. These changes were associated with increased p21 and reduced cyclin B1/CDK1 expression. In addition, EGCG treatment increased the accumulation of sub‐G1 cell, activated caspase‐3 and cleaved PARP.ConclusionsTaken together, EGCG inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis via suppression of the EGFR/ERK pathway and cyclin B1/CDK1 complex in ATC cells. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:776–780. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adjuvant Imatinib treatment after R0 resection for patients with high‐risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A median follow‐up of 44 months
Authors: Jiang Wei‐Zhong , Guan Guo‐Xian , Lu Hui‐Shan , Yang Ying‐Hong , Kang De‐Yong , Huang He‐Guang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal duration of Imatinib adjuvant treatment for patients with high‐risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is uncertain.Patients and MethodsA total of 90 patients with high‐risk GISTs after curative resection were recruited into this non‐randomized case–control study, including 35 having Imatinib adjuvant therapy and 55 having follow‐up alone. The recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was compared.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 44.0 months, a significantly reduced recurrence rate was observed in the treatment group than the control group (17.1% vs. 78.2%, P = 0.000). One‐year, 2‐year, and 3‐year RFS rates were 100% vs. 70.9%, 88.0% vs. 37.8%, and 88.0% vs. 27.5%, respectively; with a significant advantage for Imatinib adjuvant therapy versus the surgery only (P = 0.000, HR 0.122, 95% CI 0.041–0.363). Continuation Imatinib treatment further improved RFS by comparison with the interruption treatment (both 2‐year and 3‐year RFS were 95.8% vs. 63.6%, P = 0.011, HR 0.103, 95% CI 0.012–0.883). There were no serious adverse events in the adjuvant therapy group.ConclusionsImatinib Adjuvant therapy could significantly prolong the RFS of patients with high‐risk GISTs. Extended Imatinib adjuvant treatment strategy may further reduce the risk of relapse with a low drug resistance rate and toxicity profile. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:760–764. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment of gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis by cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC: A systematic review of survival, mortality, and morbidity
Authors: Gill Richdeep S. , Al‐Adra David P. , Nagendran Jeevan , Campbell Sandy , Shi Xinzhe , Haase Erika , Schiller Daniel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis has an extremely poor prognosis, which may be improved with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). We systematically reviewed the literature regarding the efficacy of CRS + HIPEC in these patients. Electronic databases were searched from 2000 to 2010. Following CRS + HIPEC, overall median survival was 7.9 months and improved to 15 months for patients with completeness of cytoreduction scores of 0/1, however with a 30‐day mortality rate of 4.8%. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:692–698. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sulfonated cyclofructan 6 based stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction chromatography
Authors: Padivitage Nilusha L. T. , Armstrong Daniel W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA stationary phase composed of silica‐bonded sulfonated cyclofructan 6 (SCF6) was synthesized and evaluated for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). The separation of a large variety of polar compounds was evaluated on different versions of the stationary phase and compared with the same separations obtained with commercially available HILIC columns. The new columns successfully separate polar and hydrophilic compounds including β blockers, xanthines, salicylic acid related compounds, nucleic acid bases, nucleosides, maltooligosaccharides, water soluble vitamins and amino acids. The separation conditions were optimized by changing the composition and the pH of the mobile phase. The dependence of analyte retention on temperature was studied using van't Hoff plots. The newly synthesized stationary phase showed broad applicability for HILIC mode separations.
Retention of β blockers on native titania stationary phase
Authors: El Debs Racha , Abi Jaoudé Maguy , Morin Nicolas , Miege Cécile , Randon Jérôme 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn recent years, metal oxides such as titania have been commercially available as chromatographic beds that can potentially be used to achieve novel separations of polar compounds. For example β blockers, which are more often encountered in environmental sciences, have a wide range of polarity, and their basic character leads to difficult sample treatment and separation on conventional silica‐based sorbents. The contribution of titania to the selective analysis of nine β blockers was evaluated in terms of retention mechanisms observed in hydrophilic interaction LC using acetonitrile/water mobile phases with various additives. The mobile phase additives enabled to control the β blocker charge as well as the titania surface charge. Depending on their respective ionic state, various retention mechanisms were identified at low water contents (<40%), including mainly adsorption mixed with hydrophilic interaction LC partition, ion exchange and ion exclusion. An unexpected retention was also observed for high water content and high pH, changing the selectivity of the support.
Phosphoprotein electrophoresis in the presence of Fe(III) ions
Authors: Kučerová Zdenka , Muselová Hana , Přikryl Petr , Tichá Marie 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPreparation of affinity polyacrylamide gels containing immobilized Fe(III) ions for the separation of proteins exhibiting metal ion binding properties is described. The presented method enables uniform distribution of immobilized metal ions in the affinity part of the polyacrylamide separating gel. Affinity gels prepared by this way are suitable to follow the effect of different concentrations of metal ions immobilized in polyacrylamide gel on a protein electrophoretic behavior. Polyacrylamide gels containing immobilized Fe(III) ions were used to study the electrophoretic behavior of two model proteins differing in their phosphate group content: chicken ovalbumin and bovine α‐casein. For the electrophoretic separation, both the native and the denaturating conditions were used.
Nonlinear optics in spheres: from second harmonic scattering to quasi‐phase matched generation in whispering gallery modes
Authors: Kozyreff G. , Dominguez‐Juarez J.L. , Martorell J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOver the last fifteen years, a series of theoretical and experimental investigations have demonstrated the usefulness of circular geometries to tailor second‐order nonlinear optical effects. However, until recently, such effects have remained rather weak, calling for their enhancement. In parallel, developments in the field of high quality factor spherical or ring resonators have shown that many different types of light‐matter interactions can be dramatically amplified when light is coupled in the whispering gallery modes of such resonators. In high‐quality spherical micro‐resonators, close to one million interactions can occur between a nonlinear molecule and a circulating light pulse. Recent research on nonlinear optics in spherical geometry is reviewed, from micrometer‐size spheres to whispering gallery mode resonators.
Linear Polyethyleneimine: Optimized Synthesis and Characterization – On the Way to “Pharmagrade” Batches
Authors: Tauhardt Lutz , Kempe Kristian , Knop Katrin , Altuntaş Esra , Jäger Michael , Schubert Stephanie , Fischer Dagmar , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI) by acidic hydrolysis of poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) is studied and optimized to reach the highest degree of hydrolysis within the shortest time range using a microwave synthesizer. In addition, the purification procedure is significantly improved; the fast batch processing combined with an excellent control of the actual heating time represents a well‐suited alternative to the conventional synthesis on the way to “pharmagrade” PEI. The developed protocol for the preparation of methyl and proton‐initiated LPEIs shows a high reproducibility, and the identity and purity of the LPEIs is proven by means of 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as MALDI‐TOF‐ and ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS. magnified image
A Fully Polymeric Mouldable Microfluidic Device. Part 2: Designing the Process
Authors: Neerincx Peter E. , Hellenbrand Swen J. M. , Meijer Han E. H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDetails of the mould design are explained and optimized as needed to produce the system on the two‐component injection moulding machine available in this laboratory. A number of adjustments were required in order to reduce the pressures needed to fill all parts without the danger of exceeding the maximum clamping force. For these hierarchical, subsequent optimization steps, a commercial analysis package was used. After the first successful production runs, the two major functional components of the device were tested: the splitting serpentine channels were fed with two fluids, one containing a fluorescent dye, and down‐flow analysis results showed that laminar mixing indeed proceeds efficiently. The peristaltic pumps, consisting of three air‐pressure actuated membranes, were also tested, and found to have a maximum operating frequency of 5 Hz. Above this critical frequency, the membranes do not sufficiently close on their hubs and begin trembling and vibrating in the pulsating flow. Using a mild vacuum to support the membrane motion shifts the critical frequency to 15 Hz. The volume displacement per stroke is in the order of 7 µL, yielding a maximum flux of ca. 100 µL · s−1.magnified image