bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A β-adrenergic antagonist reduces traumatic memories and PTSD symptoms in female but not in male patients after cardiac surgery
Authors: Krauseneck T. , Padberg F. , Roozendaal B. , Grathwohl M. , Weis F. , Hauer D. , Kaufmann I. , Schmoeckel M. , Schelling G. 
Published: August 2009

BackgroundEpinephrine enhances emotional memory whereas β-adrenoceptor antagonists (β-blockers, BBs) impair it. However, the effects of BB administration on memory are sex dependent. Therefore, we predicted differential effects of epinephrine and the BB metoprolol given to male and female patients after cardiac surgery (CS) on traumatic memories and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.MethodWe performed a prospective observational study and determined the number of standardized traumatic memories (NTRM) and PTSD symptom intensity in cardiac surgical patients at 1 day before surgery, and at 1 week and 6 months after the procedure. PTSD symptoms and NTRM were quantified using validated questionnaires. Metoprolol could be administered any time post-operatively.ResultsBaseline NTRM was not significantly different between male (n=95) and female patients (n=33). One week after CS, the NTRM in male patients was significantly higher. Metoprolol had no significant effect in either sex. At 6 months, females with metoprolol (n=18) showed a significantly lower NTRM and significantly lower PTSD symptom scores than females without BBs (n=15, p=0.02). By contrast, the totally administered dosage of epinephrine correlated with NTRM in males (r=0.33, p<0.01) but not in females (r=0.21, p=0.29).Conclusionsβ-Adrenergic stimulation with epinephrine enhances memory for adverse experiences in males but not in females whereas β-blockade selectively reduces memory for post-operative adverse events and PTSD symptoms in females.
Sexual selection does not provide an adequate theory of sex differences in aggression
Authors: Eagly Alice H. , Wood Wendy 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOur social role/biosocial theory provides a more adequate account of aggression sex differences than does Archer's sexual selection theory. In our theory, these sex differences arise flexibly from sociocultural and ecological forces in interaction with humans' biology, as defined by female and male physical attributes and reproductive activities. Our comments elaborate our theory's explanations for the varied phenomena that Archer presents.
Sex differences in human aggression: The interaction between early developmental and later activational testosterone
Authors: Terburg David , Peper Jiska S. , Morgan Barak , van Honk Jack 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe relation between testosterone levels and aggressive behavior is well established. From an evolutionary viewpoint, testosterone can explain at least part of the sex differences found in aggressive behavior. This explanation, however, is mediated by factors such as prenatal testosterone levels and basal levels of cortisol. Especially regarding sex differences in aggression during adolescence, these mediators have great influence. Based on developmental brain structure research we argue that sex differences in aggression have a pre-pubertal origin and are maintained during adolescence. Evidence of prenatal, adolescent, and adult levels of testosterone in relation to aggression taken together, support Archer's argument for sexual selection as the driver of sex differences in aggression.
A quantitative genetic approach to understanding aggressive behavior
Authors: Kempenaers Bart , Forstmeier Wolfgang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractQuantitative genetic studies of human aggressive behavior only partly support the claim of social role theory that individual differences in aggressive behavior are learnt rather than innate. As to its heritable component, future studies on the genetic architecture of aggressive behavior across different contexts could shed more light on the evolutionary origins of male-female versus male-male aggression.
Suspicions of female infidelity predict men's partner-directed violence
Authors: Kaighobadi Farnaz , Shackelford Todd K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractArcher's argument regarding sex differences in partner violence rests on a general account of between-sex differences in reproductive strategies and in social roles. However, men's partner-directed violence often is predicted by perceived risk of female infidelity. We hypothesize that men's partner-directed violence is produced by psychological mechanisms evolved to solve the adaptive problem of paternity uncertainty.
A history of war: The role of inter-group conflict in sex differences in aggression
Authors: Johnson Dominic D. P. , van Vugt Mark 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHuman aggression has two important dimensions: within-group aggression and between-group aggression. Archer offers an excellent treatment of the former only. A full explanation of sex differences in aggression will fail without accounting for our history of inter-group aggression, which has deep evolutionary roots and specific psychological adaptations. The causes and consequences of inter-group aggression are dramatically different for males and females.
An I3 Theory analysis of human sex differences in aggression
Authors: Finkel Eli J. , Slotter Erica B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAccording to I3 Theory, individuals enact aggressive behaviors when (a) instigating triggers are severe, (b) impelling forces are strong, and/or (c) inhibiting forces are weak. Archer's analysis of human sex differences in aggression could be bolstered by a careful analysis of male-female discrepancies in reactivity (or exposure) to instigating triggers, proneness toward impelling forces, and/or proneness toward inhibiting forces.
Sex, aggression, and life history strategy
Authors: Figueredo Aurelio José , Gladden Paul Robert , Brumbach Barbara Hagenah 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe agree that sexual selection is a more comprehensive explanation for sex differences in direct aggression than social role theory, which is an unparsimonious and vestigial remnant of human exceptionalism. Nevertheless, Archer misses several opportunities to put the theoretical predictions made by himself and by others into direct competition in a way that would further the interests of strong inference.
Differentiating defensive and predatory aggression: Neuropsychological systems and personality in sex differences
Authors: Corr Philip J. , Perkins Adam M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe draw a distinction between defensive and predatory forms of aggression, and how these forms relate to basic neuropsychological systems, especially the Fight-Flight-Freeze-System (FFFS; putatively related to defensive aggression), and the Behavioural Approach System (BAS; putatively related to predatory aggression). These systems may help further to account for proximal brain processes and personality influences in the context of sex differences.
COBA, QUINTANA ROO, MEXICO: A RECENT ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF A MAJOR MAYA URBAN CENTER
Authors: Folan William J. , Hernandez Armando Anaya , Kintz Ellen R. , Fletcher Laraine A. , Heredia Raymundo Gonzalez , Hau Jacinto May , Canche Nicolas Caamal 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCoba represents a major Classic period Maya urban center. Archaeological investigations have suggested a complex socioeconomic integration apparent in the heterogeneity of the size, shape, and quality of architecture while demonstrating a clear demarcation between commoner and elite compounds in addition to a complex system of raised roads (sacbeob). Results of the 1974–1976 mapping efforts at Coba revealed a generalized concentric settlement pattern with elite compounds concentrated at the core. In their analysis of the settlement patterns at Tikal, Guatemala, Arnold and Ford challenged this concentric model. Their analysis of labor investment in structures within the 9 km2core area of Tikal suggested, in contrast to Coba, a scattered rather than a concentric pattern of high-status architecture. Using a geographic information system (GIS), we tested our concentric model hypothesis for Coba by applying Arnold and Ford's work investment parameters. Our results confirmed the presence of a concentric pattern of high-status architecture at Coba closest to the core that differed from Arnold and Ford's findings of a scattered pattern in Tikal. These unique and discrete findings suggest that all major cities in the Maya area may not possess identical settlement patterns. To support our findings indicating urbanism, we also make a detailed analysis of the Coba and Calakmul demographics focusing on the Late Classic period.
IMAGINING COURTLY COMMUNITIES: AN EXPLORATION OF CLASSIC MAYA EXPERIENCES OF STATUS AND IDENTITY THROUGH PAINTED CERAMIC VESSELS
Authors: Jackson Sarah E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPainted ceramic vessels of the Late Classic Maya, depicting scenes of the royal court, provide an entry into understanding the courtly community as an institution built on relationships and embodied through lived practice. By examining these ceramics both as circulating objects, representing the materialized form of courtly values, and as vehicles for imagery that conveys idealized representations of the court hierarchy and how it was enacted, archaeologists may more profoundly integrate material and iconographic investigations. Assertions of identity and status are examined through the ways in which they are “contained” by these decorated vessels and emerge as characterized by a series of simultaneous unifications and oppositions. A focus on bodily behaviors and interactions, and the ways in which objects played courtly roles in their own right, yields an animated understanding of a dynamic court and a larger perspective on the enactment of identity and difference in Classic Maya contexts.
EXPLORING FORMATIVE PERIOD OBSIDIAN BLADE TRADE: THREE DISTRIBUTION MODELS
Authors: De León Jason P. , Hirth Kenneth G. , Carballo David M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObsidian prismatic blades were widely traded across Mesoamerica during the Early and Middle Formative periods. However, it was not until the Late Formative period (400b.c.—a.d. 100) that prismatic blade cores began to be exchanged extensively. Although it is generally accepted that the trading of blades preceded the trading of cores by almost 1,000 years, little is know about the structure of blade trading during the Early and Middle Formative periods. We describe three distributional models for the trade of obsidian prismatic blades: whole-blade trade, processed-blade trade, and local-blade production. These models were evaluated using obsidian consumption data from Oaxaca, the Basin of Mexico, and Tlaxcala. The results indicate that Formative period blade trade involved different forms over time and space.
OBSIDIAN BIFACE PRODUCTION AT TEOTIHUACAN: REEXAMINING A COYOTLATELCO PHASE WORKSHOP FROM HACIENDA METEPEC
Authors: Nelson Zachary 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper provides a reanalysis of a specialized biface workshop at Coyotlatelco-phase (a.d. 650–800) Teotihuacan excavated by Evelyn Rattray in 1979. Although Teotihuacan had already declined as a major center prior to this phase, the resident population was still being serviced by a variety of craftsmen, including knappers. The remains of an obsidian workshop at Hacienda Metepec give insight into workshop production within Epiclassic-period Teotihuacan. A single workshop produced between 4,700 and 8,700 projectile points similar in shape to San Marcos points. The homogeneous workmanship indicates a single knapper, perhaps over several years of effort.
CAMBIOS EN LA ESTRATEGIA DE LA EXPLOTACIÓN DE LA OBSIDIANA DE PACHUCA: TEOTIHUACAN, TULA Y LA TRIPLE ALIANZA
Authors: Pastrana Alejandro , Domínguez Silvia 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEsta es una síntesis de las principales características organizativas de la secuencia de explotación de la obsidiana verde del yacimiento de La Sierra de Las Navajas (Pachuca), de las culturas teotihuacana, tolteca y azteca. El uso de este vidrio volcánico se relaciona directamente con el desarrollo económico, militar, religioso y comercial de las organizaciones estatales del centro de Mesoamérica. En cada etapa cultural, identificamos los principales procesos de manufactura de instrumentos, armas y objetos religiosos en los talleres del yacimiento, así como la permanencia de los mineros, talladores y cargadores. El análisis diacrónico de la organización de la explotación y la distribución de la obsidiana verde con el desarrollo de la sociedad, nos permite detectar los cambios substanciales en la estrategía de obtención de esta importante materia prima.
On Families of Subsets With a Forbidden Subposet
Authors: GRIGGS JERROLD R. , LU LINYUAN 
Published: August 2009

Let ⊂ 2[n] be a family of subsets of {1, 2,. . ., n}. For any poset H, we say is H-free if does not contain any subposet isomorphic to H. Katona and others have investigated the behaviour of La(n, H), which denotes the maximum size of H-free families ⊂ 2[n]. Here we use a new approach, which is to apply methods from extremal graph theory and probability theory to identify new classes of posets H, for which La(n, H) can be determined asymptotically as n → ∞ for various posets H, including two-end-forks, up-down trees, and cycles C4k on two levels.
Reliability of echocardiographic measurements of left cardiac structures in healthy children
Authors: Geelhoed Miranda J. J. , Snijders Sonja P. E. , Kleyburg-Linkers Veronica E. , Steegers Eric A. P. , van Osch-Gevers Lennie , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundEchocardiographic measurements are widely used as outcomes of different studies. The aim of this study was to assess intraobserver and interobserver reliability of echocardiographic measurements in healthy children.Materials and methodsWe studied 28 children, with a median age of 7.5 years, and inter-quartile range from 3 to 11 years. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were assessed by repeated measurements of the diameters of the aortic root, the left atrium, and left ventricular end-diastolic structure. We also measured the ventricular end-diastolic septal thickness and the end-diastolic thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals, and computed Bland and Altman plots, permitting us to derive limits of agreement plus or minus 2 standard deviations for the mean differences in cardiac measurements.ResultsWe found high intraobserver and interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient, ranging from 0.91 for ventricular septal thickness, with 95% confidence intervals from 0.78 to 0.96, to 0.99 for the diameter of the aortic root, 95% confidence interval from 0.97 to 1.00. Limits of agreement in the Bland and Altman plots ranged from zero millimetres for left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness to 1.60 millimeters (6.3%) for left atrial diameter.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated good repeatability and reproducibility for ultrasonic measurements of left cardiac structures in children, showing that values obtained for measurement of these structures in both clinical and epidemiological research projects can be confidently accepted.
Defects in long chain fatty acid oxidation presenting as severe cardiomyopathy and cardiogenic shock in infancy
Authors: Dereddy Narendra R. , Kronn David , Krishnan Usha 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInborn errors of fatty acid metabolism are important causes of reversible cardiomyopathy in infancy. Disorders in long chain fatty acid oxidation can lead to cardiomyopathy, as fatty acid beta oxidation is the major source of myocardial energy after birth. We present 2 cases of such disorders with cardiac manifestations during infancy, which responded well to a diet low in long chain fatty acids.
Verbal learning in Alzheimer’s disease: Cumulative word knowledge gains across learning trials
Authors: FOSTER PAUL S. , DRAGO VALERIA , CRUCIAN GREGORY P. , RHODES ROBERT D. , SHENAL BRIAN V. , HEILMAN KENNETH M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractResearch regarding learning in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients has been mixed. Learning capacity might be better indexed using a score that reflects the interaction between the learning slope and total recall, referred to as the Cumulative Word Learning (CWL) score. We compared a group of AD patients to normal participants using a traditional index of learning and the CWL score that were derived from the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test – Revised (HVLT-R). The HVLT-R is a supra-span, list-learning test containing 12 words from three semantic categories. The results indicated that the sample of AD patients performed within the average range, using the traditional learningzscore. Although mild AD patients were not found to differ from controls in the traditional learningzscore, a significant difference was noted for the CWL score. The moderate AD patients differed from the normal controls in both learning measures. Furthermore, unlike the traditional learning score, the CWL score was a significant predictor of overall cognitive functioning, as indexed using their Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. Thus, the CWL score might be a more sensitive indicator overall of total learning capacity and may be useful in staging Alzheimer’s disease because of increased resilience to floor effects. (JINS, 2009,15, 730–739.)
Dietary patterns and home food availability during emerging adulthood: do they differ by living situation?
Authors: Nelson Laska Melissa , Larson Nicole I , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne , Story Mary 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present work was to cross-sectionally examine and compare dietary behaviours and home food environments by young adults’ living situation.DesignUsing data from Project EAT (Eating Among Teens)-II, a large diverse youth cohort originally sampled in Minnesota, linear regression was used to examine self-reported meal frequency, dietary intake and home food availability outcomes by living situation (i.e. living with parents, renting an apartment/house or living on a college campus).SubjectsYoung adults (n 1687), mean age 20·5 years.ResultsResults suggested that young adults living with their parents or in rented apartments/houses had less frequent meals, poorer dietary intake and less healthy home food availability compared with those living on campus. These findings were evident even after controlling for sociodemographic factors (e.g. race/ethnicity, socio-economic status), particularly among females.ConclusionsAlthough few emerging adults consume diets that are consistent with national recommendations, those living with parents and in rented apartments/houses may represent particularly at-risk groups. These differences in dietary factors across living situations appear to exist beyond the sociodemographic differences in these populations. Effective nutrition and healthy eating promotion strategies are needed for young adults.
Microbial community genomics in eastern Mediterranean Sea surface waters
Authors: Feingersch Roi , Suzuki Marcelino T , Shmoish Michael , Sharon Itai , Sabehi Gazalah , Partensky Frédéric , Béjà Oded 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Offshore waters of the eastern Mediterranean Sea are one of the most oligotrophic regions on Earth in which the primary productivity is phosphorus limited. To study the unexplored function and physiology of microbes inhabiting this system, we have analyzed a genomic library from the eastern Mediterranean Sea surface waters by sequencing both termini of nearly 5000 clones. Genome recruitment strategies showed that the majority of high-scoring pairs corresponded to genomes from the Alphaproteobacteria (SAR11-like and Rhodobacterales), Cyanobacteria (Synechococcus and high-light adapted Prochlorococcus) and diverse uncultured Gammaproteobacteria. The community structure observed, as evaluated by both protein similarity scores or metabolic potential, was similar to that found in the euphotic zone of the ALOHA station off Hawaii but very different from that of deep aphotic zones in both the Mediterranean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. In addition, a strong enrichment toward phosphate and phosphonate uptake and utilization metabolism was also observed.
Bottom-up and top-down effects on algal community dynamics in an aridland river: the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico*
Authors: Burdett Ayesha , Bixby Rebecca 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Background/Question/Methods
In this study, we examined interactive effects of nutrient availability, river flow and food web structure on algal growth and species composition in the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico. Algal community dynamics can be affected by both bottom-up and top-down factors. Algal production may be limited by low levels of nutrients or low light availability. Conversely, production is expected to increase when nutrient levels are high and light availability is not limited. Top-down factors such as grazing by invertebrates can also alter periphyton growth and community composition. Generally, a reduction in grazers results in periphyton biomass increases and shifts in growth forms (to more upright taxa).Nutrient diffusing substrates (NDS) were used in combination with grazer exclusion to investigate bottom-up and top-down effects on periphyton growth and species composition. Previously, NDS has been used in small, headwater streams and not in large sandy rivers like the Middle Rio Grande. NDS were made from inverted terracotta saucers, with four nutrient treatments – control, N, P and N+P. Large invertebrates were excluded from a subset of the saucers using an electrical field. The saucers were placed in a slow-flowing area of the Middle Rio Grande, and samples were collected weekly for a month.

Results/Conclusions
River conditions made it challenging to conduct the NDS experiment. Water levels were variable and turbidity levels were extremely high (>4000NTU). Algal growth was extremely low on all treatments, largely due to light limitation caused by consistently high turbidity levels and a series of flooding and drying events which also decimated organismal growth on the substrates. Initial surveys of the diatom communities indicate extremely low densities and chlorophyll biomass was very low (mean ± se = 0.31 ± 0.09mg/m2). While dense periphyton communities did not develop on the NDS saucers, there was evidence of colonization by invertebrate populations. Blackfly larvae (Simuliidae) were most abundant in earlier samples whereas chironomid larvae (Chironomidae) were more abundant later in the experiment. Also, blackfly larvae were significantly more abundant on control saucers than on N+P saucers in the grazer/non-grazer experiment (P = 0.044). However, it was difficult to detect differences in the abundance of invertebrate grazers among nutrient treatments. Relationships among invertebrate population densities and the availability and diversity of periphyton for grazing will be described. These results are not definitive, but there are indications that nutrients, flow and grazers do influence algal community dynamics.