bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eosinophilia in an Indian Patient with Helminthic Infection Unresponsive to Albendazole and Diethylcarbamazine: An Enigmatic Case of Human Fascioliasis
Authors: Ray Debadrita , P. Ganesh C. , Kumar Yogendra , Dhibar Deba Prasad , Mewara Abhishek , De Arka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHuman fascioliasis is a zoonosis caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. Population migration, globalization of food trade, climate change, and drug resistance are contributing to the re-emergence of Fasciola infection in several countries with increased recognition even in nonendemic regions. Helminthic infections are prevalent in India and are a common cause of eosinophilia in Indian patients who are often empirically treated with antihelminthic agents. However, human fascioliasis is rarely reported in India and does not respond to commonly used antihelminthic agents like albendazole, mebendazole, praziquantel, and diethylcarbamazine (DEC). We report a case of a young female with abdominal pain and eosinophilia who did not respond to empirical treatment with albendazole and DEC. She was diagnosed with Fasciola hepatica on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and was treated with nitazoxanide that led to complete resolution of symptoms and normalization of eosinophil counts.
Anomalies of the Craniocervical Junction (Chiari Malformations)
Authors: Giugno Andrea , Fichera Valeria , Zanghì Antonio , Vecchio Michele , Catalano Marco , Palmucci Stefano , Belfiore Giuseppe , Lavalle Salvatore , Polizzi Agata , Praticò Andrea D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArnold Chiari malformations include a combination of posterior fossa, hindbrain, and cervical occipital junction abnormalities, sometimes associated with spinal cord abnormalities such as spina bifida, syringomyelia, and syringobulbia. The most frequent form is Chiari I syndrome but two other variants, progressively more severe, have been described. Chiari malformations are the result of defective development of posterior fossa and can be due to genetic mutations, skeletal malformations, and intrautero factors. Clinical manifestations depend on the compression of the nerve structures within the foramen magnum and the spinal canal and mainly consist in headache or neck pain, gait disturbances, sensory or motor abnormalities, and autonomic signs. However, a high number of cases of Chiari I is asymptomatic and the diagnosis is occasional. Diagnosis is performed through nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and cervical tract, although other investigations may support the diagnosis. First-line treatment for candidate patients is a surgical procedure that involves decompression of the posterior cranial fossa and the craniocervical junction, as well as correction of associated malformations with techniques that depend on the severity of the case. Anyhow, some symptomatic patients benefit from conservative medical treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Physicians' Perspectives with the E-prescribing System in Five Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Alipour Jahanpour , Payandeh Abolfazl , Hashemi Aida , Aliabadi Ali , Karimi Afsaneh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives Despite the evidence suggesting the potential of electronic prescribing (e-prescribing), this system also faces challenges that can lead to inefficiency and even failure. This study aimed to evaluate physicians' perspectives on the efficiency, effectiveness, opportunities, and challenges associated with the e-prescribing system.
Methods In 2023, a descriptive analytics cross-sectional study was carried out. Due to the finite population size, all the physicians from five studied hospitals who agreed to participate in the study were included through the census method (n = 195). Data collection was conducted using a validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive (mean, standard deviation, and frequency) and analytical (Pearson's correlation coefficient, two-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear multiple regression model) statistics.
Results The mean scores of efficiency and effectiveness were 47.47 ± 14.46 and 36.09 ± 10.67 out of 95 and 65, respectively. Removing the illegibility of the prescriptions (n = 22) was the most frequent opportunity and internet connectivity problem (n = 37) was the most frequent challenge associated with the e-prescribing system. There was a strong positive significant correlation between efficiency and effectiveness (r = 0.850, p < 0.01). Moreover, age was found to have a significant negative correlation with efficiency (B =  −7.261, p = 0.004) and effectiveness (B = − 5.784, p = 0.002).
Conclusion Physicians believe that e-prescribing enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of their work. There are many opportunity and challenges to the use of e-prescription. Assessing the needs of physicians, actively participating and training them in the stages of design and implementation, and conducting regular evaluations of the e-prescribing system are crucial to overcome the challenges. Our finding offers insightful information about how doctors see the e-prescribing system at teaching hospitals and provide a basis for managers and policy makers at the local and national levels to support the implementation of this system and plan for improvement of its shortcomings.
Pleiotropic Effects of Heparin and its Monitoring in the Clinical Practice
Authors: Arachchillage Deepa J. , Kitchen Steve 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnfractionated heparin (UFH) was uncovered in 1916, has been used as an anticoagulant since 1935, and has been listed in the World Health Organization's Model List of Essential Medicines. Despite the availability of many other anticoagulants, the use of heparin (either low molecular weight heparin [LMWH] or UFH) is still substantial. Heparin has pleotropic effects including anticoagulant and several nonanticoagulant properties such as antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory activity, and anticomplement effects. Although UFH has been widely replaced by LMWH, UFH is still the preferred anticoagulant of choice for patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and patients with high-risk mechanical cardiac valves requiring temporary bridging with a parenteral anticoagulant. UFH is a highly negatively charged molecule and binds many positively charged molecules, hence has unpredictable pharmacokinetics, and variable anticoagulant effect on an individual patient basis. Therefore, anticoagulant effects of UFH may not be proportional to the dose of UFH given to any individual patient. In this review, we discuss the anticoagulant and nonanticoagulant activities of UFH, differences between UFH and LMWH, when to use UFH, different methods of monitoring the anticoagulant effects of UFH (including activated partial thromboplastin time, heparin anti-Xa activity level, and activated clotting time), while discussing pros and cons related to each method and comparison of clinical outcomes in patients treated with UFH monitored with different methods based on available evidence.
Molecular Epidemiology of Group A Streptococcus Isolated from Children in Beijing during 2011 to 2019
Authors: Li Hong-Jun , Wei Ting-Ting , Song Hui-Ming , Cui Yan , Tian Mei-Li , Zou Lin , Xi Lu , Yang Yan-Na , Zhang Guo-Feng , Du Juan , Cui Fuqiang , Lu Qing-Bin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to examine the characteristics of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection and identify the emm genotypes and the superantigen gene of GAS strains isolated from children from 2011 to 2019 in Tongzhou District, Beijing.
Methods Pharyngeal swab samples from children with scarlet fever or pharyngeal infection were collected and tested for GAS. In GAS isolates, emm genotypes and superantigen genes were identified. Logistic regression models were used to explore the correlations between demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, and GAS infection.
Results In total, 172/1,214 (14.2%) GAS were isolated. The GAS infection rate in children with scarlet fever was 47.5%, higher than 8.5% in children with pharyngeal infection (p < 0.001). The risk of GAS infection was associated with oral mucosal congestion in children with scarlet fever, and older age, tonsillitis, and rash in children with pharyngeal infection. Seven emm genotypes were detected in 164 GAS isolated strains, of which emm12 and emm1 accounted for 47.0 and 46.3%, respectively. Among 112 GAS isolates, the top 5 detection rates of superantigen genes were speF 100.0%, speG 100.0%, speB 98.2%, speC 94.6%, and smeZ 82.1%. Higher proportions of speA, speJ, and speK were detected in emm1 isolates, while speH and speI were more common in emm12 isolates (p < 0.001).
Conclusion The changing predominant type expanded the knowledge of the circulating emm types, which should be considered in future vaccine development.
6 (Het)Arene/Alkene Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling for C(sp2)—C(sp2) Bond Formation
Authors: Sambiagio C. , Maes B. U. W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe formation of C(sp2)—C(sp2) bonds via the coupling of an aromatic or heteroaromatic species and an alkene is of crucial importance in organic synthesis. While this responsibility has fallen mostly on the Mizoroki–Heck coupling since its discovery half a century ago, the cross-dehydrogenative counterpart, occurring from unfunctionalized reactants, has clear potential advantages in terms of synthetic flexibility and greenness. As cross-dehydrogenative couplings have attracted considerable interest in the recent past, this transformation has been developed from a very limited approach to a much more versatile method. This chapter offers an overview of the different strategies used to functionalize different classes of (hetero)aromatic species, pointing out the strengths and weaknesses of each method.
7 Alkene/Alkene Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling for C(sp2)—C(sp2) Bond Formation
Authors: Kakiuchi F. , Kochi T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConjugated dienes are not only synthetically versatile but are also often found in natural products and bioactive compounds, and various methods have been developed for the stereo- and regioselective synthesis of 1,3-diene structures. Recently, much attention has been paid to transition-metal-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reactions between alkenes, because they enable the synthesis of 1,3-dienes in few steps from readily available molecules, thus providing atom-economical, environmentally benign synthetic methods. This chapter briefly describes representative examples of alkene CDC reactions between two different alkenes.
8 Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Involving Aldehydes for C(sp2)—C(sp2) Bond Formation
Authors: Khandelia T. , Ghosh S. , Patel B. K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAldehydes have been widely utilized as an acyl source for the construction of C(sp2)—C(sp2) bonds via cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) in an efficient and sustainable strategy. The aldehyde-based acylation is an important methodology for the synthesis of diaryl ketones, a significant motif in the field of agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and dyes. The process of C(sp2)—C(sp2) bond construction is accomplished under metal-free, transition-metal-mediated, or photochemical conditions. During the process, the oxidant alone, or in combination with transition metals, plays a crucial role. In this chapter, we have highlighted the advances made in this field, along with published reports and procedures.
19 Enantioselective Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling
Authors: Faisca Phillips A. M. , Guedes da Silva M. F. C. , Pombeiro A. J. L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe possibility of creating a chiral center directly from two C—H bonds, or from a C—H bond and an X—H bond (X = heteroatom), without any prior derivatization (e.g., the installation of a leaving group) opens up many new possibilities in synthesis. Many chiral ligands and organocatalysts have now been discovered to be compatible with the oxidizing conditions in which these transformations take place. Furthermore, as reactions that can be performed under milder conditions are found, such as those that involve the use of molecular oxygen or even air to accept the two hydrogen atoms lost, or that can be run at lower temperatures, the repertoire of cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) methodologies has become even bigger. Ligands such as mono- and bisoxazolines, bisphosphines, axially chiral binaphthols and bi-2-naphthylamine derivatives, and salens, as well as organocatalysts such as amino acids, chiral amines and diamines, cinchona alkaloids, axially chiral phosphoric acids, imidodiphosphoric acids, imidazolinones, and thioureas, amongst others, have been found to be robust and to perform well under CDC reaction conditions, providing high asymmetric induction and good yields of products. Some of these catalysts also work well in synergy with another catalyst. Recent developments in this area include the use of light energy for activation in combination with photocatalysts, as well as methods based on the use of electrochemistry. In this review, methods involving CDC that have been developed for the synthesis of molecules with one or more chiral centers, including compounds with axial or planar chirality, are presented, and their scope and limitations are discussed. The organization is based firstly on the type of catalysis used, and then divided further according to the type of bond being formed.
Research on fusion navigation framework and algorithm based on fully-connected neural network
Authors: Xu Chunsheng , Liu Yunqing , Zhu Zhanchen , Zhang Shuning , Wang Ershen , Yi Jingyi , Wang Yongkang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fusion navigation and positioning have evolved into crucial technologies and methodologies within navigation systems. Currently, the majority of combined positioning frameworks employ Kalman filtering algorithms for data fusion. To explore more efficient and high-precision fusion architectures and algorithms, we introduce a fusion navigation framework based on a fully-connected neural network (FCNN). Initially, we conducted an analysis of existing fusion positioning technology, data fusion algorithms, and the application of artificial intelligence algorithms in navigation positioning. Drawing insights from the federated Kalman filter (FKF) architecture, FCNN, and attention mechanism, we propose a fusion navigation framework centered on FCNN. Finally, fixed-point and trajectory determination experiments were carried out in both open and semi-shielded environments. The results demonstrate that, compared to the traditional FKF architecture, the FCNN fusion navigation framework, coupled with the attention mechanism fusion algorithm, effectively accommodates data, mitigates errors, and achieves superior positioning accuracy.
On the direct quantization of Maxwell field
Authors: Benarab W , Belhadi Z 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we apply the generalized integration constants (GCI) method (Belhadi 2023 https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08236), in field theory to quantize Maxwell and the Klein–Gordon free fields. The study is performed in both position and momentum spaces, to obtain the equal-time Dirac brackets among the fields and their conjugate momenta. The idea is to compute the brackets near the initial instant using the Taylor polynomial expansion, and then deduce directly their expressions at any later time. In the case of the Maxwell field, the interdependence of the field components (constraints) requires the use of the Helmholtz theorem to separate the transversal and longitudinal parts. Our work finishes with the study of the O(3) nonlinear sigma model using the GCI approach.
Effect of Ni-doping on the structural and electronic properties of metal halide perovskite CsSnBr3: a DFT study
Authors: Özcan Merve , Geçit F Hayal , Cabuk Suleyman 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The structural and electronic properties of pure and Ni-doped perovskite CsSnBr3 in unit cell and supercell were computed using density functional theory at ambient pressure. Computed formation energy values of undoped and Ni-doped CsSnBr3 compounds show that these structures are stable. We used both standard DFT and HSE06 calculation in electronic band structure of pure and Ni-doped CsSnBr3 compounds. Since the band gap of undoped and Ni-doped CsSnBr3 compounds is located at the R symmetry point in the Brilloun zone, these compounds are materials with a direct band gap. In the HSE06 calculation, it was found that the band gap of 12.5% Ni doped-CsSnBr3 increased significantly from 1.1162 eV to 1.4343 eV. The electron charge density, Bader charge analysis and density of states reveal a strong covalent bond between Sn-Br (Ni-Br) and a strong ionic bond between Cs-Br. The direct electronic band gaps of undoped and Ni-doped CsSnBr3 perovskites in the visible energy range show that these compounds can be used effectively in optical applications.
Cu2O/CuO composite for efficient performance in photoelectrochemical and optoelectronics applications
Authors: Khalifa Mahmoud A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study introduces a highly active photoelectrode, comprising a Cu2O/CuO composite, synthesized through annealing Cu2O thin film under controlled conditions to induce partial oxidation. Through systematic investigation of annealing conditions, including temperature and duration, an optimal synthesis condition of 400 °C for 1 h was identified, resulting in superior photoelectrochemical and optoelectronic properties. It yielded the most favorable outcomes, exhibiting the largest charge carrier density of 1.09 × 1021 cm−3, lowest charge transfer resistance of 18.8 Ω, and highest photocurrent density of −2.97 mA cm−2 with stability of 81%. This performance enhancement, which surpassed the initial photocurrent by 7 times under AM 1.5 simulated sunlight illumination at 0 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), is attributed to the formation of the Cu2O/CuO composite. This composite facilitates improved electron-hole pair separation efficiency, while the narrow bandgap of CuO enables enhanced light absorption. Additionally, the stability of the photocurrent is significantly improved by 2.3 times, attributed to the protective function of the CuO layer on Cu2O. Thus, the Cu2O/CuO composite emerges as a highly efficient and promising photocathode, offering a facile and cost-effective route for photoelectrochemical and optoelectronics applications.
Nonthermal plasma removal of CH4-NOx under LNG engine exhaust environment: experiment, mechanism and kinetic analysis
Authors: Xiang Chuang , Lyu Lin , Cai Yunkai , Liang Junjie , Zhu Neng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To explore the mechanism underlying the removal of CH4 and NOx, which are typical emissions from LNG engines, through the nonthermal plasma method, a plasma chemistry model of CH4-NOx under the LNG engine exhaust environment was established in this study. Sixty key reactions affecting the conversion of CH4, CO, and NOx were determined through sensitivity analysis, and their pre-exponential factors were optimized using a genetic algorithm. The proposed model shows good performance in predicting the concentrations of CH4, CO, and NOx under the exhaust conditions of LNG engine. Then, reaction path analyses for evolution of CH4, CO, NO, and NO2 were performed under specific conditions. The results showed that CH4 mainly decomposed into CH2 that is subsequently converted into CO and CO2. CH2 is the main source for CO production. The concentration of NOx is determined by the oxidation reactions of N with O2, OH, and HO2. The specific concentration distributions of NO and NO2 were influenced by the oxidation–reduction reactions between them. Analyses of the time scales for the conversion processes of CH4, CO, and NOx were also conducted, and it was found that the reaction time scales of CH4 and CO were approximately 1 × 10−10−1 × 10−5 s, and that was approximately 1 × 10−9−1 × 10−4 s for NOx. Furthermore, during the overlapping period for the conversion of CH4, CO, and NOx, the NOx was dominant in the competition for O. This study provides a basis for the construction of a plasma catalytic chemistry model of CH4-NOx under LNG engine exhaust conditions.
Beam quality prediction for Tm-doped fiber system based on finite-difference beam propagation method
Authors: Wang Sijie , Tao Mengmeng , Yang Qiubai , Qi Yunfeng , Ye Xisheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A numerical model is established to predict the beam quality factor M2 of fiber laser for the first time. The finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) is introduced to simulate the beam propagation of thulium-doped fiber lasers (TDFLs) with given design parameters. The output beam profile can be calculated for an active fiber with complex refractive index profiles and various bending radii. The beam quality factor M2 can be obtained by the calculated beam profile. The numerical simulation results agree with the reported experiment data with a deviation of less than 10%, which validates the accuracy of the model. This model provides a convenient and efficient approach for designing the high-beam-quality TDFLs with reduced experiment efforts.
Hubble diagrams in statistically homogeneous, anisotropic universes
Authors: Anton Theodore , Clifton Timothy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe consider the form of Hubble diagrams that would be constructed by observers in universes that are homogeneous but anisotropic, when averaged over suitably large length-scales. This is achieved by ray-tracing in different directions on the sky in families of exact inhomogeneous cosmological solutions of Einstein's equations, in order to determine the redshifts and luminosity distances that observers in these space-times would infer for distant astrophysical objects. We compare the results of this procedure to the Hubble diagrams that would be obtained by direct use of the large-scale-averaged anisotropic cosmological models, and find that observables calculated in the averaged model closely agree with those obtained from ray-tracing in all cases where a statistical homogeneity scale exists. In contrast, we find that in cosmologies with spaces that contain no statistical homogeneity scale that Hubble diagrams inferred from the averaged cosmological model can differ considerably from those that observers in the space-time would actually construct. We hope that these results will be of use for understanding and interpreting recent observations that suggest that large-scale anisotropy may have developed in the late Universe.
Multi-field Split Curvature Wavefront Sensing and its Application in the Large Field Survey Telescope
Authors: Wu Zhixu , Zhang Yiming , Cong Jianan , Bai Hua , Xia Yong , Tang Rongxin , Li Ming , Li Zhengyang , Yuan Xiangyan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The image quality of a large field survey telescope with a fast focal ratio of the primary mirror is high sensitivity to the optical elements’ misalignments and the primary mirror’s deformations. To maintain good optical performance, the perturbations need to be aligned, and the tomographic reconstruction of these perturbations can be derived from wavefront sensing with multi-field points for alignment. This work undertakes a comprehensive examination related to the implementation and optimization of a multi-field split curvature wavefront sensing system, including defocus distance, signal pre-processing, deblending of overlapped doughnuts, field-dependent correction, and distorted coordinate correction. We also conduct experiments to demonstrate the application and performance of a multi-field split curvature wavefront sensing system in Mephisto. In the context of the decentering of the secondary mirror, the coefficient of determination (R) attains a high value of 0.993, indicating a robust linearity between the coma coefficients and the decentering of the secondary mirror. A comparative analysis of the simulated and experimental results shows that the difference between them is less than 0.1 λ.