bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary retrospective analysis of a refeeding program in a psychiatric intensive care unit for patients suffering from extreme severe anorexia nervosa
Authors: Born C. , de la Fontaine L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAnorexia nervosa (AN) is showing the highest mortality in psychiatric illness, especially because of its somatic consequences. A special program for refeeding patients with extreme severe underweight has been established in Munich.MethodsFrom 2000–2010 about 80 patients with any eating disorder were admitted. Data of 53 patients with AN were analysed. After admission most of the patients (n = 43) received a percutaneous gastric feeding tube. A high caloric solution (Fresubin energy) was administered adjusted to bodyweight aiming a weight gain of 700–1000 g per week. After reaching BMI 17 most patients were send for illness specific psychotherapy to a specialized clinic.ResultsThe sample consists of 50 (94.3%) females. Patients were diagnosed as having AN restrictive subtype in 25 cases (47.2%), AN binge/purge subtype in 24 cases (45,2%) and AN purging subtype in 4 cases (7.6%). Mean age at admission was 25.4 years (SD 7.0) and mean duration of illness until admission was 8.4 years (SD 5.7). Average length of stay in the intensive care unit was 135 days (SD 79.4). Mean BMI at admission was 12.3 (SD 1.6) and mean BMI at discharge 16.6 (SD 1.6). Thus, mean weight increase was 11.4 kg (SD 5.4).DiscussionThis intensive care program was established to enable patients with extreme severe AN to participate in psychotherapeutic programs afterwards as it was reported that cognitive function changed in regard to bodyweight. Further evaluation has to consider the occurrence of a refeeding syndrome.
Psychopathologic aspects of obesity: Psychodiagnostic evaluations of bariatric surgery applicants
Authors: Chiappini S. , Righino E. , Ciciarelli C. , Pettorruso M. , Conte G. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPsychiatrists play an important role as members of the bariatric surgery team. A preoperative psychiatric evaluation is considered as part of a mandatory workup before approving surgery.AimsThis evaluation focuses on the identification of any pre-existing psychiatric disorders among candidates for TOGa[1], a new experimental technique of bariatric surgery, and their correlations with post surgical weight loss.Method45 obese patients underwent a psychiatric interview and several psycho diagnostic questionnaires (SCL-90; HAM-D; HAM-A; EDI; TAS).A follow-up was set each 3 months.ResultsWe found that 34.1% of surgery candidates had a current diagnosis of depression; the majority showed anxiety symptoms. We also documented dissatisfaction about body shape, desire of slimness, fear of maturity, perfectionism, bulimia and binge eating disorder. Other frequent psychiatric symptoms were somatization, sensitivity, obsession and compulsion. After 3 months from surgery we found that the best weight loss was associated to low score in HAM-A, high score in hanger-hostility item (SCL-90) and low score in sensitiveness item (SCL-90).ConclusionThe diagnosis of a psychiatric pathology during the pre-surgical evaluation can be considered a predictive negative factor for the outcome of the surgery. The predictive positive factors are firstly the nonexistence of psychiatric symptoms, secondly the high score in sensitiveness-insight item (SCL-90) and the high score in the ability to express feelings. [1] (TransOral Gastroplasty)
Organic eating disorders of pica, hperphagia, and severe food restriction: Presentation and prevalence after acquired brain injury
Authors: Faruqui R. , El-Kadi K. , Rowell A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPersistent Hyperphagia, Pica, and Severe Food Restriction are rare but potentially life threatening complications following acquired brain injury. These disorders are not formally coded in disease classification systems though do present with significant management challenges in both inpatient and outpatient settings.ObjectivesTo inform treatment and management strategies and service development for complex neuropsychiatric conditionsAimsTo study presentation and prevalence of organic eating disorders following acquired brain injury.MethodsSystematic review of medical literature on Medline, PsychInfo, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, using terms eating disorders, organic eating disorders, binge eating, bulimia, anorexia nervosa, atypical eating disorders, food restriction, pica, head injury, acquired brain injury, traumatic brain injury.Service consultations and identification of grey literatureResultsSystematic review identified case reports, case series, and case studies relevant to these disorders. It also identified lack of research in this area and absence of well structured longitudinal studies that can identify true prevalence in a representative sample. Persistent Hyperphagia has been reported in 2–3% of adult cases requiring inpatient post acute rehabilitation. Pica has been reported in young children after acquired brain injury only. Two reports identified this condition in post neurosurgery period. Severe food restriction, at times also described as atypical anorexia, has been reported following acquired brain injury. However, it remains rather difficult to estimate prevalence in different patient populations.ConclusionsOrganic eating disorders present with significant levels of challenges in patient management and do carry identifiable mortality risk.
Prevalence and risk factors of eating disorders in Greek undergraduate students
Authors: Fragkos K.C. , Frangos C.C. , Sotiropoulos I. , Giovanis A.N. , Tilikidou I. , Manolopoulos I. 
Published: May 2011

AimsTo estimate the prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) and associated risk factors in a sample of undergraduate students.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. We used a questionnaire consisting of the following sections: demographics, SCOFF questionnaire for screening EDs, the Achievement Anxiety Test (AAT) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS). Our sample was selected randomly. Sample size was 535 students (44% men, 56% women), and 33% of students were between 18 and 20 years old (age range 16–28).ResultsSCOFF's reliability measured by Cronbach's alpha was 0.542; AAT's alpha for its facilitating scale was 0.682 and debilitating scale 0.821; finally, DASS's depression, anxiety and stress sections’ alpha were 0.923, 0.896 and 0.876 respectively. The prevalence of EDs was 42.2%. The associated factors with the presence of EDs was gender (62% women, 38% men; X2 = 5.007, p = 0.025) and personal family status (X2 = 18.862, p = 0.002), while having divorced parents was a borderline association (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 0.97–2.42). Mann-Whitney’s U test showed that there was a significant difference in the scale of stress between those with an ED and those without (p = 0.026) but not for depression and anxiety. According to multiple logistic regression, risk factors for having an eating disorder were depression, stress, female gender, being married and searching for a romantic relationship (overall model fit p < 0.0001).ConclusionThis is the first study on EDs from Greece. Depression and stress were significant predictors of EDs, which shows the importance of these two factors in the pathogenesis of EDs.
Anorexia nervosa in males
Authors: Freire Lucas R.M. 
Published: May 2011

Eating disorders are far more prevalent in women than men, with only 10% of cases occurring in males. This discrepancy may be partially explained by biological and cultural factors, but it also suggests diagnostic difficulties.Introduced by the description of a clinical case of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) in a male patient, this work reviews and compares diagnostic features of eating disorders, namely AN, in both genders, emphasizing the most common pitfalls to its recognition in men, in order to reduce the number of undiagnosed cases.We searched for scientific articles about this topic on the databases MEDLINE, LILACS and PsycINFO, using the search words “eating disorder”, “anorexia nervosa” and “male”. We chose to preferentially include original articles and recent reviews.
Implicit associations in eating disorders: An experimental study with the “self-esteem” implicit associations test
Authors: Fronza S. , Galimberti E. , Fadda E. , Fanini F. , Bellodi L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionGreenwald et al. (1998) developed The implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure automatic concept-attribute associations. Several evidences showed that Eating Disorders (EDs) were charactterized by a low explicit self-esteem.ObjectivesThe first aim was the evaluation of implicit self-esteem in a sample of patients with EDs. Second aim was to verify the correlation between implicit and explicit self-esteem, hypothesizing that they could represent two independent constructs.MethodsA IAT modeled to assess self-esteem (Self-esteem IAT) has been administered to 17 Anorexia Nervosa (AN), 14 Bulimia Nervosa (BN), 17 Binge Eating (BED) patients and 32 healthy controls (HC). In IAT, the target categories were represented by the words «SELF / OTHER» and «agreeable / disagreeable». A positive IAT effect suggest a negative implicit self esteem, instead a negative IAT effect suggest a positive implicit self-esteem. Traditional self reports were used to evaluate explicit self-esteem to all participants.ResultsResults showed a significant difference between HC and clinical groups in implicit self-esteem. HC and BED showed positive IAT effect, instead AN and BN shows a negative IAT effect. No correlations between implicit and explicit self-esteem were found.ConclusionResults showed that HC has a much more positively implicit self-esteem compared to clinical samples. An interesting result concerns the absence of any significant correlation between the implicit and explicit self-esteem, that could suggests that the implicit self-esteem is an independent construct respect to the explicit one.
Implicit associations in eating disorders: An experimental study using implicit associations test
Authors: Ricceri A. , Fronza S. , Galimberti E. , Bellodi L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionGreenwald et al. (1998) developed The implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure automatic concept-attribute associations. The assumption of the test is that strongly associated (compatible) attribute-concept pairs should be easier to classify together than are weakly associated or opposed (incompatible) attribute concepts. Ease of classifying is measured by the response times and errors in performing such categorizations.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was the evaluation, at an implicit level, of the attitude concerning fat people in a sample of Eating Disorders (ED).MethodsA IAT modeled to assess self-esteem the attitude concerning fat and slim persons has been administered to 17 Anorexia Nervosa (AN), 14 Bulimia Nervosa (BN), 17 Binge Eating (BED) patients and 32 healthy controls (HC). In IAT, the target categories were represented by the words «FAT-SLIM» and «good / bad». Stimuli were images of faces of overweight and normal weight people and positive/negative word. A positive IAT effect underline an implicit tendency to associate the category «FAT» with positive attributes, instead a negative IAT effect suggest an implicit tendency to associate the same category with negative attributes.ResultsResults showed a significant difference between HC and clinical groups in implicit attitude concerning overweight persons. HC showed positive IAT effect, instead AN, BN and BED showed a negative IAT effect. No correlations between implicit attitude and clinical variables were found.ConclusionThese results suggest a common implicit tendency in ED’s groups, compared with controls, to negatively judge overweight persons.
Relationships between eating disorders and personality disorders in adolescents
Authors: Gaudio S. , Bufacchi C. , Andreotti M. , Gregorini N. , Montecchi F. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSeveral research studies have investigated Personality Disorder (PD) comorbidity in adult with Eating Disorders (ED), which showed an association between the two types of disorder.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine the relationships between ED and PD in a sample of adolescents between 14 to 18 years of age.MethodSixty-seven adolescents with ED treated in an outpatients setting [23 Anorexia Nervosa (AN), 17 Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and 27 Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS)] were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders (SCID-II), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT).ResultsOverall, 13 (19.4%) of ED patients had one or more PD. Cluster C PDs were the most common specific PDs. No significant difference was found between AN and BN based on the general presence of PDs. EDNOS patients had a lower prevalence of PDs compared to AN and BN patients. ED patients with a PD had an higher BDI rates compared to ED patients without PDs. No significant difference was observed in EAT rates between ED patients with and without PDs.ConclusionsCluster C PDs were the most frequent PDs found in ED adolescent patients. The prevalence of PDs is similar in AN and BN patients, whilst EDNOS patients have a lower prevalence of PDs compared to AN and BN patients. ED adolescent patients with current PD comorbidity show higher depression scores.
Characteristics of suicide attempts in anorexia and bulimia nervosa : A case-control study
Authors: Guillaume S. , Jaussent I. , Olié E. , Genty C. , Bringer J. , Courtet P. , Schmidt U. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivePeople with eating disorders (ED) are at high risk for suicidal behavior. Among different ED, anorexia nervosa (AN) has the highest rates of completed suicide whereas suicide attempt rates are similar or lower than in bulimia nervosa (BN). Attempted suicide is a key predictor of completed suicide, thus this mismatch is intriguing. We sought to explore whether the clinical characteristics of suicidal acts differ between suicide attempters with AN, BN or without an ED.MethodCase-control study in cohort of suicide attempters (n = 1563). Forty-four patients with AN and 71 with BN were compared with 235 non-ED attempters matched for sex, age and education, using interview measures of suicidal intent and severity.ResultsAN patients were more likely to have made a serious attempt (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.4–7.9), with a higher expectation of dying (OR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.1–13.5), and an increased risk of lethality (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.2–9.6). BN patients did not differ from the control group.ConclusionThere are distinct features of suicide attempts in AN. This may explain the higher suicide rates in AN. Deaths from suicide in AN may not be the result simply of their greater physical frailty.
Depression and life quality in patients with eating disorders - A two year follow up
Authors: Debska E. , Janas A. , Steposz A. , Bablok R. , Krysta K. , Janas-Kozik M. , Krupka-Matuszczyk I. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe symptoms of depression are often found in patients suffering from eating disorders.AimsThe aims of this research were to find out if depression in patients with eating disorders (ED) like anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN) is an additional condition accompanying the ED diagnose, or if it is an integral element being part of emotional problems related to maturation. The estimation of patients’ social condition is also considered in comparison to matched group with no ED diagnose.MethodsSubjects: Group B - 19 females diagnosed, age 12 – 24; group C - matched control group of 30 healthy females, group F - 19 patients out of group B examined in a follow up research two years after hospital treatment. Tools used: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Life Quality Questionnaire (Q), Body Mass Index measurement (BMI).ResultsBDI results: depression symptoms are more intense in the early phase of the treatment of ED (group B) than in the follow up -group F (two years after hospitalization) and also more intense than in group C (controls). Q Questionnaire shows no differences between groups B, C, and F.ConclusionsDepression is an additional condition in patients diagnosed with ED mostly in the early phase of the treatment. No differences have been found in the social condition between groups B, C, and F.
Eating disorder in a male psychotic patient
Authors: Maner F. , Şahmelikoğlu Ö. , Girit Ö. , Hısım Ö. , Emin Ceylan M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionEating disorders are associated with two or four comorbid diagnoses especially mood, anxiety, obsessive compulsive, substance abuse and personality disorders.ObjectivesPsychotic disorders are seen rarely with eating disorders which have been reported as case reports.Methods40 years old male patient suffering for vomiting after eating and drinking large amounts of water and then purge. Recently vomiting has became habituation; he felt dysphoria after eating and forced himself to vomit. He didn’t want to be thin and wanted to gain weight. He didn’t think that condition could be a disease.In his childhood he had bizarre behaviours. For instance he pulled up the paints of walls and then ate the pieces of paints. He teared off the skin nearby his nails. Since adolescence he was social isolated, introverted, affective flattened. His self appearance was poor. He couldn’t perform his grooming and cleaning by himself. He didn’t want to take a bath. Eight years ago with his mother's death he developed binge eating and vomiting problems.ResultsHe was hospitalized in internal clinics for two times due to losing weight. Then he was admitted to psychiatry clinic. The level of plasma potassium was 2.4 mEq/lt during hospitalization. The patient was treated both for weight restoration, electrolite regulation and psychiatric condition. Olanzapine 20 mg/day, ketiapine 600 mg/day was administered. Within 1 month his medical condition was remitted but he couldn’t gain weight, his negative symptoms.ConclusionsThis case is a male diagnosed as schizophrenia comorbid with atypic eating.
Characteristic prefrontal blood volume patterns when imaging body type, high-calorie food, and mother-child attachment in childhood anorexia nervosa: A near infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Nagamitsu S. , Matsuoka M. , Ohzono S. , Yamashita Y. , Matsuishi T. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe risk for developing and preserving symptoms of anorexia nervosa (AN) in children seems to be multifactorial: individual, familial, socio-cultural, and biological factors interact within the developmental framework. A disruption of attachment processes with the mother in an early stage of child development has been proposed as a contributing factor; however, the evidence is controversial.ObjectivesTo address the research question of how childhood AN patients recognize disorder-specific provocative factors such as body type, high-calorie food, and attachment between mother and child.AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the prefrontal activation in childhood AN patients when imaging those symptom-provocative factors.MethodsThe prefrontal activations during each task, in terms of blood volume changes, were measured by near infrared spectroscopy. Twelve females with childhood AN (mean age, 14.4 years old) and 13 age-matched healthy female controls participated in this study.ResultsBoth groups showed increased prefrontal blood volume when viewing images of each symptom-provocative factor. Unexpectedly, there was no significant difference in the prefrontal blood volume increases between the control group and the childhood AN group when viewing images of slender and obese body types and high-calorie food. On the other hand, images of mother-child attachment resulted in significantly greater increases in prefrontal blood volume in the childhood AN group than in the control group.ConclusionsThese results indicated that prefrontal activation in AN might be associated with imaging attachment between mother and child, but not associated with imaging body type or high-calorie food.
Reconsidering food avoidance emotional disorder through discussion of four cases
Authors: Pellicciari A. , Di Pietro E. , Sacrato L. , Iero L. , Franzoni E. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesThe Authors investigate the conceptualization of a group of patients with the same clinical and psychological patterns, affected by eating disturbances arisen during the age of latency.MethodsFour cases are presented and discussed. Each subject was diagnosed as Food Avoidance Emotional Disorder (FAED).ResultsThe described subjects present some of the typical features of eating disorders of adolescence. Moreover, regressive aspects, obligingness, dichotomyc behaviors and thoughts were noticed. The Authors observed that parental expectations and needs were transmitted to their sons.ConclusionsThrough the refusal of food the dochotomyc and fearful thoughts are crystallized. The child cannot comprehend the existence of a false Self built on the Other's expectations. The Authors believe that FAED can be a precursor of Anorexia nervosa in the affected children, who show a less organized cognitive structure due to their young age.
A portuguese experience of multiple family day treatment
Authors: Ribeiro A.E. , Martins A.P. , Timóteo S. , Brandão I. 
Published: May 2011

Families universally agree that Anorexia Nervosa takes over almost every aspect of their lives, becoming the central organizing principle of the family's life.Over the last years focus for family interventions has been the Multiple Family Day Treatment approach (MFDT), which has a strong focus on helping families to maximize their strengths and resources, in order to help their patient member to recover. An important goal of MFDT is to help break the interconnections that have developed between the symptom and family interactions, and help overcome the sense of being unable to move and communicate freely about the problems. When families come together they witness each other, revealing their narratives about developed rules, roles, rituals and myths. The differences in the way that individual families have coped, allows for the possibility to look for alternative ways of managing the problem within the family.The authors describe their first experience with MFDT, which occurred in a Portuguese hospital with 17 families of anorectic patients.The shared experience of what it is like for families to live with anorexia quickly helps to create group cohesion and a supportive atmosphere in which difficulties can be tackled. Hearing how other families have overcome problems helps families to broaden their own time frame and consider trying new things.The MFDT has attracted considerable interest has an innovative and effective treatment, and feedback received from families has been very positive emphasizing in particular the collaborative nature of the treatment.