bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement in Outcomes of Clinical Islet Transplantation: 1999–2010
Authors: Barton Franca B. , Rickels Michael R. , Alejandro Rodolfo , Hering Bernhard J. , Wease Stephen , Naziruddin Bashoo , Oberholzer Jose , Odorico Jon S. , Garfinkel Marc R. , Levy Marlon , Pattou Francois , Berney Thierry , Secchi Antonio , Messinger Shari , Senior Peter A. , Maffi Paola , Posselt Andrew , Stock Peter G. , Kaufman Dixon B. , Luo Xunrong , Kandeel Fouad , Cagliero Enrico , Turgeon Nicole A. , Witkowski Piotr , Naji Ali , O’Connell Philip J. , Greenbaum Carla , Kudva Yogish C. , Brayman Kenneth L. , Aull Meredith J. , Larsen Christian , Kay Tom W.H. , Fernandez Luis A. , Vantyghem Marie-Christine , Bellin Melena , Shapiro A.M. James 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE
To describe trends of primary efficacy and safety outcomes of islet transplantation in type 1 diabetes recipients with severe hypoglycemia from the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry (CITR) from 1999 to 2010.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 677 islet transplant-alone or islet-after-kidney recipients with type 1 diabetes in the CITR were analyzed for five primary efficacy outcomes and overall safety to identify any differences by early (1999–2002), mid (2003–2006), or recent (2007–2010) transplant era based on annual follow-up to 5 years.

RESULTS
Insulin independence at 3 years after transplant improved from 27% in the early era (1999–2002, n = 214) to 37% in the mid (2003–2006, n = 255) and to 44% in the most recent era (2007–2010, n = 208; P = 0.006 for years-by-era; P = 0.01 for era alone). C-peptide ≥0.3 ng/mL, indicative of islet graft function, was retained longer in the most recent era (P &lt; 0.001). Reduction of HbA1c and resolution of severe hypoglycemia exhibited enduring long-term effects. Fasting blood glucose stabilization also showed improvements in the most recent era. There were also modest reductions in the occurrence of adverse events. The islet reinfusion rate was lower: 48% by 1 year in 2007–2010 vs. 60–65% in 1999–2006 (P &lt; 0.01). Recipients that ever achieved insulin-independence experienced longer duration of islet graft function (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
The CITR shows improvement in primary efficacy and safety outcomes of islet transplantation in recipients who received transplants in 2007–2010 compared with those in 1999–2006, with fewer islet infusions and adverse events per recipient.
Effect of Fructose on Glycemic Control in Diabetes
Authors: Cozma Adrian I. , Sievenpiper John L. , de Souza Russell J. , Chiavaroli Laura , Ha Vanessa , Wang D. David , Mirrahimi Arash , Yu Matt E. , Carleton Amanda J. , Di Buono Marco , Jenkins Alexandra L. , Leiter Lawrence A. , Wolever Thomas M.S. , Beyene Joseph , Kendall Cyril W.C. , Jenkins David J.A. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVEThe effect of fructose on cardiometabolic risk in humans is controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials to clarify the effect of fructose on glycemic control in individuals with diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (through 22 March 2012) for relevant trials lasting ≥7 days. Data were aggregated by the generic inverse variance method (random-effects models) and expressed as mean difference (MD) for fasting glucose and insulin and standardized MD (SMD) with 95% CI for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycated albumin. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran Q statistic and quantified by the I2 statistic. Trial quality was assessed by the Heyland methodological quality score (MQS).RESULTSEighteen trials (n = 209) met the eligibility criteria. Isocaloric exchange of fructose for carbohydrate reduced glycated blood proteins (SMD −0.25 [95% CI −0.46 to −0.04]; P = 0.02) with significant intertrial heterogeneity (I2 = 63%; P = 0.001). This reduction is equivalent to a ∼0.53% reduction in HbA1c. Fructose consumption did not significantly affect fasting glucose or insulin. A priori subgroup analyses showed no evidence of effect modification on any end point.CONCLUSIONSIsocaloric exchange of fructose for other carbohydrate improves long-term glycemic control, as assessed by glycated blood proteins, without affecting insulin in people with diabetes. Generalizability may be limited because most of the trials were &lt;12 weeks and had relatively low MQS (&lt;8). To confirm these findings, larger and longer fructose feeding trials assessing both possible glycemic benefit and adverse metabolic effects are required.
Conflict Between Work and Family Roles and Satisfaction among Nurses in Different Shift Systems in Croatia: a Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Šimunić Ana , Gregov Ljiljana 
Published: June 2012

Conflict Between Work and Family Roles and Satisfaction among Nurses in Different Shift Systems in Croatia: a Questionnaire SurveyThe objective of this study was to examine the perception of conflict between work and family roles and job, family, and life satisfaction among nurses in Croatia. One hundred and twenty-nine nurses (married mothers) working in hospitals in Zadar, Šibenik, and Split were divided in four groups according to their worktime schedule. The participants completed a survey, which included a set of sociodemographic-type questions, questions about the level and allocation of family responsibilities between spouses, and scales measuring the perceived negative effects of worktime, psychological demands of the work, work-family conflict, and semantic differential scales for measuring the affective and cognitive-evaluative component of job, family, and life satisfaction. This was the first study in Croatia to deal with work-family conflict among nurses or workers with different shift systems.The results of this study indicate that nurses working morning shifts only experienced less conflict between work and family than other groups of nurses, who worked the morning, afternoon, and the night shift. The cognitive-evaluative component of job satisfaction was the highest among morning shift nurses and the lowest in nurses who worked 12-hour shifts, while the affective component of life satisfaction was the lowest in nurses working irregular and backward rotated shifts. These results confirm that shiftwork makes the work-family role conflict even worse. They also support the view that the type of shift rotation matters.
A New Task for Pharmacists: Working at a Computer
Authors: Markotić-Bogavčić Gordana 
Published: June 2012

Nova radna zadaća ljekarnika: rad s računalomCilj je ovog rada bio utvrditi koliko rad s računalom utječe na promjene vidnih funkcija ljekarnika te na pojavu smetnji na vratnom dijelu kralježnice. U presječnom istraživanju ispitane su vidne funkcije i subjektivne smetnje pri radu 50 ljekarnika (srednja dob 41,8±11 godina), te 56 službenika (srednja dob 36,2±8,6 godina), koji 40 sati tjedno rade na računalu. Pri tome, ljekarnici pretežno stoje, a službenici sjede.Od subjektivnih smetnji pri radu, suzenje očiju i bolovi u vratnoj kralježnici bili su značajno češći u skupini ljekarnika (P<0,01). Rezultati ispitivanja vidnih funkcija nisu se razlikovali između ispitivanih skupina. Poremećaj vida (miopija ili hipermetropija) utvrđen je kod 22 (44 %) ljekarnika i 23 (41 %) službenika (P>0,05).Rezultati potkrepljuju odredbu Pravilnika o sigurnosti i zaštiti zdravlja pri radu s računalom (1) prema kojoj poslodavac mora planirati aktivnosti radnika na osobnom računalu tako da se rad periodički izmjenjuje s drugim aktivnostima. To se upravo događa pri obavljanju posla ljekarnika. Njegov rad s računalom se neprekidno izmjenjuje s obraćanjem klijentu, odnosno s izdavanjem lijeka. Za rješavanje poteškoća s kralježnicom treba tijekom svakog sata rada osigurati odmore u trajanju od najmanje 5 minuta te organizirati vježbe rasterećenja radi smanjenja statodinamičnoga napora.
Analysis of Protein Adducts as Biomarkers of Short-Term Exposure to Ethylene Oxide and Results of Follow-Up Biomonitoring
Authors: Bader Michael , Will Wolfgang , Frey Gunild , Nasterlack Michael 
Published: June 2012

Analysis of Protein Adducts as Biomarkers of Short-Term Exposure to Ethylene Oxide and Results of Follow-Up BiomonitoringAn accidental exposure of six workers to ethylene oxide (EO) provided the rationale for a biomonitoring and follow-up study, whose aim was to analyse protein adduct kinetics and examine the differentiation between accidental and environmental exposure, e.g., from tobacco smoke. For this purpose, the decrease in the concentration of the haemoglobin adduct N-2-hydroxyethylvaline (HEV) was followed during a five-month period after the accident, together with N-2-cyanoethylvaline (CEV) and urinary cotinine, two well-established biomarkers for smoking. The follow-up study showed that EO adduct concentrations significantly increased after a short but presumably high exposure. Initial biomonitoring revealed HEV levels above 500 pmol g-1 globin in all cases, with a maximum of about 2,400 pmol g-1 globin. This compares to a German EKA value (exposure equivalent for carcinogenic substances) for a daily 8-h-exposure to 1 ppm EO of 90 μg L-1 blood (~3,900 pmol g-1 globin). The adduct levels dropped in accordance with the expected zero-order kinetics for a single exposure. After the five-month observation interval, the HEV concentrations in blood reflected the individual background from tobacco smoking. The results of this study show that even a short exposure to ethylene oxide may result in a significant rise in haemoglobin adduct levels. Although protein adducts and their occupational-medical assessment values are considered for long-term exposure surveillance, they can also be used for monitoring accidental exposures. In these cases, the calculation of daily ‘ppm-equivalents’. may provide a means for a comparison with the existing assessment values.
Influence of Nitric Oxide and cGMP on Agonist-Induced Platelet Adhesion – An In Vitro Study in Platelets Isolated from Patients with Liver Cirrhosis / Uticaj Azot-Oksida I cGMP Na Adheziju Trombocita Izazvanu Agonistima – In Vitro Studija Na Izolovanim Trombocitima Pacijenata Sa Cirozom Jetre
Authors: Annie-Jeyachristy Sam , Arumugam Geetha , Rajagopal Surendran , Subburayan Jeevan Kumar , Sarangapani Arulprakash 
Published: June 2012

Summary BackgroundVariceal bleeding, one of the major complications of liver cirrhosis, is primarily due to platelet activation defect and secondarily due to coagulation defects. Platelet adhesion is the key event in hemostasis. Since nitric oxide (NO) related stress is known to influence platelet functions in liver cirrhosis, we undertook the present study to evaluate the possible mechanism involved in the inhibition of platelet adhesion by NO.Methods:Agonist-induced platelet adhesion in vitro was measured in platelets isolated from normal subjects and cirrhosis patients. The time-dependent changes in nitric oxide synthase (NOS), NO, 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) levels were monitored during adhesion. The percentage of platelet adhesion was also monitored in the presence of an eNOS inhibitor and a cGMP inhibitor.Results:The percentage of adhesion was significantly lower in cirrhosis platelets. Time-dependent changes in the cGMP NO and NOS level in platelets stimulated with collagen were significantly high, with a significantly low level of elevation of cytosolic Ca2+in cirrhosis as adhesion proceeded. The results showed improved platelet adhesion with inhibitors of NOS and cGMP with concomitant elevation in Ca2+level.Conclusions:It is inferred that elevation in the formation of cGMP due to stimulation of NOS activity inhibits Ca2+mobilization from the internal store, an essential process to trigger platelet activation. The abnormal alterations were significantly lower in cirrhosis patients without bleeding complications. So, it could be stated that the bleeding abnormality in liver cirrhosis might be due to defective platelet adhesion influenced by the NO-cGMP pathway.
Selim Sırrı Tarcan: a Pioneer in the Development of Physical Education and Sports in Turkey
Authors: Demirhan Gıyasettin , Konukman Ferman 
Published: June 2012

Selim Sırrı Tarcan: a Pioneer in the Development of Physical Education and Sports in TurkeySelim Sırrı Tarcan was one of the most important significant figures of modern physical education teacher education in Turkey. He played a crucial role in the organization of physical education and sports in schools and Olympic Games in Turkey. Tarcan served as a soldier, physical educator and director of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. Tarcan also wrote articles in the newspapers, held conferences on the radio and organized several meetings for spreading the physical education and sports for the purpose of public adoption. He held the first conference in the field in Istanbul when he returned from Sweden. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to explain contributions of Tarcan in four areas: his interest in physical education and sports, teacher preparation, contribution to formal, and informal education in Turkey.
Evaluation of Some Anatomical and Anthropometric Characteristics of the Chest Based on the Analysis of Digital Images of the Anterior Aspect of Trunk in Top Athletes
Authors: Stefanović Natalija , Ćirić Ivana , Pavlović Snežana , Kundalić Braca , Bubanj Saša , Petković Emilija , Puletić Miloš , Antić Vlada 
Published: June 2012

Evaluation of Some Anatomical and Anthropometric Characteristics of the Chest Based on the Analysis of Digital Images of the Anterior Aspect of Trunk in Top Athletes
The aim of this research was to assess the size and shape of the chest in students and top athletes. The research involved 23 first-year students of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, and 23 top athletes of the Athletic Federation of Serbia. The digital images of the frontal trunk aspect were made and further analyzed in ImageJ program. The vertical and horizontal distances and as well as the angles were determined: the infrasternal angle and the angle of umbilicus (sides of the angle connect the points on the left and right). Both students and athletes were divided into three height groups (I - 165-174 cm; II - 175-184 cm; III - 185-194 cm). BMI and BI were determined (shoulder width). No statistical differences in height, weight and BMI among the groups of students and top athletes were found, which pointed to the homogeneity of the groups. All the parameters determined, the vertical and horizontal ones, except AAD, were significantly higher in top athletes (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the same parameters obtained in students of all three height groups. Acromial distance increases with height, but not statistically significantly. The above mentioned indicates a significantly better development of the bone-joint-muscle system of the chest in top athletes. The infrasternalni angle correlates with the angle of the umbilicus and it can be used to assess the shape of the chest. In our researches, analysing the individual cases, the presence of normasthenic, asthenic (elongated) and barrel-shaped chest was determined. The program ImageJ is very precise, objective and easily applicable for determining the lenghtwise parameters and angles in anatomic and anthropometric measurements. The method does not require anthropometric equipment, digital images can be made quickly and efficiently. Therefore, we consider it particularly suitable for measurements in childhood and athletes.
A Qualitative Study of Barriers to the Implementation of a Rheumatoid Arthritis Guideline Among Generalist and Specialist Physical Therapists
Authors: van Bodegom-Vos Leti , Verhoef John , Dickmann Margot , Kleijn Marjon , van Vliet Ingrid , Hurkmans Emalie , van der Wees Philip , Vliet Vlieland Thea 
Published: June 2012

Background
Although the increasing complexity and expansion of the body of knowledge in physical therapy have led to specialized practice areas to provide better patient care, the impact of specialization on guideline implementation has been scarcely studied.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to identify the similarities and differences in barriers to the implementation of a Dutch rheumatoid arthritis (RA) guideline by generalist and specialist physical therapists.

Design
This observational study consisted of 4 focus group interviews in which 24 physical therapists (13 generalist and 11 specialist physical therapists) participated.

Methods
Physical therapists were asked to discuss barriers to the implementation of the RA guideline. Data were analyzed qualitatively using a directed approach to content analysis. Both the interviews and the interview analysis were informed by a previously developed conceptual framework.

Results
Besides a number of similarities (eg, lack of time), the present study showed important, although subtle, differences in barriers to the implementation of the RA guideline between generalist physical therapists and specialist physical therapists. Generalist physical therapists more frequently reported difficulties in interpreting the guideline (cognitive barriers) and had less favorable opinions about the guideline (affective barriers) than specialist physical therapists. Specialist physical therapists were hampered by external barriers that are outside the scope of generalist physical therapists, such as a lack of agreement about the roles and responsibilities of medical professionals involved in the care of the same patient.

Conclusions
The identified differences in barriers to the implementation of the RA guideline indicated that the effectiveness of implementation strategies could be improved by tailoring them to the level of specialization of physical therapists. However, it is expected that tailoring implementation strategies to barriers that hamper both generalist and specialist physical therapists will have a larger effect on the implementation of the RA guideline.
Illness Causation and Interpretation in a Newar Town
Authors: Subedi Madhusudan 
Published: June 2012

One of the core concerns of medical anthropology is to explore how people in different cultures and social groups explain the causes of ill health, the type of treatment they believe in, and to whom they turn if they do become ill. This article focuses on the understanding of illness causation by the Newars in Kirtipur and their concern about biological and socio-cultural aspects of healthy behavior, and particularly with the ways in which they have been coping in everyday life. The basic method of data collection for this study was formal and informal discussions with the elderly Newar males and females, followed by discussions with youths to explore the variations in their perceptions. The findings show that the understanding of illness etiology is multi-causal. The individual, natural, social, and supernatural causes are not mutually exclusive but are usually linked together in a particular case. In any specific case of illness, moreover, people’s explanatory model varies in how they explain its etiology.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6358 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 101-120
A Life between Geography and History
Authors: Harris Cole 
Published: June 2012

Abstract: Asked to write about my scholarly career, I do as bid. I briefly explain how I became a historical geographer and what I take to be the particular interests and opportunities of this small field tucked between geography and history. I describe the different intellectual climates in which my work has been situated, a brazen, law-seeking positivism in the sixties and later an almost equally brazen cultural theory, and my response to them. I identify my broad research interests – social and cultural change as Europeans migrated to new settings overseas; Canada as a historical geographical construction; the territorial dispossession of Native peoples by settler colonial societies – and my principal observations thereon. Finally, I look back on an enjoyable and rather spoiled academic life, muse about academic pressures that my generation hardly faced, and insist on the continuing value of work situated between geography and history.
Comparative effectiveness review of treatment options for pituitary microadenomas in acromegaly
Authors: Marko Nicholas F. , LaSota Emily , Hamrahian Amir H. , Weil Robert J. 
Published: June 2012

Object
Acromegaly, a syndrome of excess growth hormone (GH) secretion typically caused by a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma, reduces life expectancy by approximately 10 years when left untreated. Treatment of acromegaly involves combinations of one or more discrete therapeutic modalities to achieve biochemical control. Unfortunately, data capable of informing decisions among alternate management strategies are presently lacking.

Methods
The authors performed a comparative effectiveness research (CER) review integrating efficacy, cost, and quality of life (QOL) analysis for treatment strategies comprising various combinations of surgery, radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and pharmacotherapy in patients with acromegaly caused by a pituitary microadenoma. A management decision tree was used to identify 5 treatment strategies, each with up to 4 potential treatment steps. Efficacy was assessed using recent literature reports of biochemical control rates for each modality. Cost estimations were derived from wholesale drug prices and from the Healthcare Cost and Utility Project. Quality of life data were obtained from studies utilizing the Acromegaly Quality of Life Questionnaire.

Results
Individual treatment modalities were analyzed and ranked in each of 3 domains: highest rate of success, lowest cost, and highest QOL, and these scores were combined to facilitate comparison of overall effectiveness of each of the management strategies. These aggregate effectiveness scores were used to compare the 5 strategies from the decision tree, and a novel strategy was also proposed.

Conclusions
The choice of management strategy must be individualized for each patient with acromegaly. This CER analysis provides a comprehensive framework to inform clinical decisions among alternate management strategies in patients with GH-secreting pituitary microadenomas.
Seizure-free and neuropsychological outcomes after temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy in pediatric patients with hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Vadera Sumeet , Kshettry Varun R. , Klaas Patricia , Bingaman William 
Published: June 2012

Object
Temporal lobe epilepsy is an uncommon clinical syndrome in the pediatric population. The most common underlying pathologies include low-grade gliomas, cortical dysplasia, and, less commonly, hippocampal sclerosis (HS). There is a paucity of data on neuropsychological and seizure-free outcomes in these patients after temporal lobectomy. In this study, the authors reviewed their seizure-free and neuropsychological outcomes after temporal lobectomy for pediatric HS.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients with HS who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy and amygdalohippocampectomy between 1998 and 2011 at the Cleveland Clinic. Results of neuropsychological assessment before and after surgery and seizure-free outcome at last follow-up were obtained.

Results
Forty-five patients met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-four (76%) patients had pathology of HS alone and 10 (22%) had HS and cortical dysplasia. The mean duration of follow-up was 60.2 months. Eighty-four percent of patients had postoperative Engel Class I or II outcomes. Neuropsychological outcomes remained unchanged or minimally improved postoperatively.

Conclusions
Seizure-free outcomes in pediatric HS are similar to historical rates in adult HS. Neuropsychological assessments remain stable after temporal lobectomy. Standard temporal lobectomy should be considered in pediatric patients with medically intractable epilepsy secondary to HS.