bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain Gage Analysis for Nonlinear Pile Stiffness
Authors: Sinnreich Jon 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Interpreting strain gage data from deep foundation (pile) axial load tests is usually assumed to be a simple calculation. The measured strain at any point in the test is multiplied by the computed Young’s modulus E of the pile to obtain stress. The stress is then multiplied by the cross-sectional area A to derive the load carried by the pile at the elevation of the strain gage. However, if the product of A and E (the axial pile stiffness) is nonlinear, the load-strain path must be considered and an incremental approach taken in order to approximate the true load value. Concrete cast-in-place piles may develop transverse tensile cracks, either due to soil restraint during curing or as a result of applied tensile loads. As such cracks open and close, the resultant axial pile stiffness will change significantly and abruptly, and the assumption of a constant stiffness can lead to significant error when computing loads from strain gages. This paper presents the mathematical derivation of the incremental load-strain calculation and case histories to illustrate the method.
Simulation physiologischer Regelkreise mit der objektorientierten Modellbibliothek “HumanLib”
Authors: Brunberg Anja , Spillner Jan , Autschbach Rüdiger , Abel Dirk 
Published: October 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die “HumanLib” ist eine objektorientiert aufgebaute Modellbibliothek bestehend aus Komponenten des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems sowie körpereigenen Regelkreisen. Im Beitrag werden Aufbau und Modellierungsmethodik beschrieben. Anhand zweier Testszenarien werden Simulationsdaten mit Messdaten aus einem in vivo Versuch am Kalb sowie physiologischen Normalwerten verglichen.
Gelenkwinkelregelung durch Elektrostimulation eines antagonistischen Muskelpaares
Authors: Klauer Christian , Schauer Thomas , Raisch Jörg 
Published: October 2011

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag beschreibt einen neuen Ansatz zur kaskadierten Positionsregelung menschlicher Extremitäten unter Elektrostimulation, welcher auch eine Rückführung der Beschleunigung in Form eines Störgrößenbeobachters verwendet. Bei der Stimulation eines antagonistischen Muskelpaares kann dieser Regelungsansatz unerwünschte Effekte, die durch eine nicht exakt bekannte Totzone in der muskulären Aktivierung hervorgerufen werden, deutlich reduzieren. Der Reglerentwurf basiert auf einem stark vereinfachten neuro-muskulären Modell, das mit geringem Aufwand an den Probanden angepasst werden kann.
Understanding anisotropic microstrain broadening in Rietveld refinement
Authors: Leineweber Andreas 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Anisotropic, i.e.
hkl-dependent microstrain broadening of Bragg peaks as observed in powder-diffraction measurements often obstructs finding a good description of the peak profiles during Rietveld refinement. This review describes strategies to model this type of structural line broadening. Emphasis is put, further, on the possible physical background of the refined width parameters in terms of compositional, thermal and elastic microstrain. Methods are described to extract thus quantitative microstructural information. Moreover, it is shown how the anisotropy of the microstrain broadening can reveal the anisotropy of intrinsic properties of the solid, which may otherwise be difficult to determine, e.g. compositional lattice-parameter changes or elastic compliance.
Solving a Meiotic LEGO® Puzzle: Transverse Filaments and the Assembly of the Synaptonemal Complex in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hawley R Scott 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The structure of the meiosis-specific synaptonemal complex, which is perhaps the central visible characteristic of meiotic prophase, has been a matter of intense interest for decades. Although a general picture of the interactions between the transverse filament proteins that create this structure has emerged from studies in a variety of organisms, a recent analysis of synaptonemal complex structure in Caenorhabditis elegans by Schild-Prüfert et al. (2011) has provided the clearest picture of the structure of the architecture of a synaptonemal complex to date. Although the transverse filaments of the worm synaptonemal complex are assembled differently then those observed in yeast, mammalian, and Drosophila synaptonemal complexes, a comparison of the four assemblies shows that achieving the overall basic structure of the synaptonemal complex is far more crucial than conserving the structures of the individual transverse filaments.
Simulations of Gallium Antimonide (GaSb) p-B-n Thermophotovoltaic Cells
Authors: DeMeo Dante F. , Vandervelde Thomas E. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe focus of this paper is the characterization of novel thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cell designs which employ a monovalent barrier layer in the p-n junction. The use of a barrier layer enables these cells to operate at longer wavelengths, higher efficiencies, and higher operating temperatures. Initial designs have been made using gallium antimonide (GaSb), which is one of the more common TPV materials. Simulations were performed using Sentaurus by Synopsys to determine barrier materials as well as to optimize the cell. The p-B-n cell was then compared to a simple p-n junction. The simulations show that a p-B-n cell outperforms a typical p-n junction. Additionally, we expect to see increased performance differentials from this device structure when moving to longer wavelength devices.
Dysprosium-Containing Nanocrystals for Thermal Neutron Detection
Authors: Rivera Antonio C. , Glazener Natasha N. , Cook Nathaniel C. , Withers Nathan J. , Plumley John B. , Akins Brian A. , Carpenter Ken , Smolyakov Gennady A. , Busch Robert D. , Osiński Marek 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTWe propose a novel concept of optical detection of thermal neutrons in a passive device that exploits transmutation of Dy-164, a dominant, naturally occurring isotope of dysprosium, into a stable isotope of either holmium Ho-165 or erbium Er-166. Combination of the high thermal neutron capture cross section of ~2,650 barns and transmutation into two other lanthanides makes Dy-164 a very attractive alternative to traditional methods of neutron detection that will be completely insensitive to gamma irradiation, thus reducing greatly the likelihood of false alarms. The optically enabled neutron detection relies on significant differences in optical properties of Dy, Ho, and Er that are not sensitive to a particular isotope, but change considerably from one element to another. While the concept applies equally well to bulk materials and to nanocrystals, nanocrystalline approach is much more attractive due to its significantly lower cost, relative ease of colloidal synthesis of high quality nanocrystals (NCs), and superior optical and mechanical properties of NCs compared to their bulk counterparts. We report on colloidal synthesis of DyF3 NCs, both doped and undoped with Ho and co-doped with Ce and Eu to enhance their optical properties. We also report on DyF3:10%Ce and DyF3:10%Eu NCs irradiated with thermal neutrons from a Cf-252 source and their optical characterization.
Worldwide Host Plants of the Highly Polyphagous, Invasive Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Brockerhoff E. G. , Suckling D. M. , Ecroyd C. E. , Wagstaff S. J. , Raabe M. C. , Dowell R. V. , Wearing C. H. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a highly successful biological invader. It was accidentally introduced to several countries including New Zealand, Hawaii, England, and California. Light brown apple moth attacks a wide range of crop plants and other woody and herbaceous plants, but a more comprehensive analysis of its host range is needed for risk assessments, to evaluate the likely economic and environmental impacts, and to enable targeting of particular plant species for detection surveys and treatments. We reviewed and synthesized the host range and host selection behavior of light brown apple moth by using information from Australia and invaded countries. The host range of light brown apple moth is determined by the behavior of both adult females and larvae. Females use visual, chemical and physical cues to choose host plants. Larvae are capable of limited active dispersal by walking and longer range dispersal by ballooning on silken strands; therefore, larvae also may need to select host plants. We review larval performance indicators across a range of plants. Based on our review, there are at least 545 plant species in 363 genera from 121 families that have been reported as hosts of light brown apple moth. Some plants were reported only once and need verification. Nevertheless, many host plant species and their wide phylogenetic range (from ferns to higher dicotyledons) indicates that light brown apple moth is one of the most polyphagous insects known. This information and our categorization of frequency of host use are valuable for incursion response and pest management activities.
Practices and Experiences of Seven-Year Polymer Flooding History Matching in China Offshore Oil Field: A Case Study
Authors: Luo Xianbo , Zhao Chunming 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Pilot test of hydrophobic associating polymer flooding has been applied in SZ36-1oil field for seven years, which has shown a quite good trend of water reducing and oil increasing. Understanding of polymer injection reservoir as well as the optimization of polymer injection program needs the help of history matching of numerical simulation, the key point is the selection of the values of polymer physicochemical parameters, which dues to the difference between laboratory experiment conditions and underground reservoir flow conditions, the values of polymer physicochemical parameters obtained from laboratory experiments are ideal. Therefore, this paper carries out a brand-new history matching method for polymer flooding, that is, a water flooding model, which reflects really to the actual underground reservoir, is obtained by history matching, which bases on the understanding of 17 years water flooding and combination of static and dynamic data, and then according to dynamic reflection of polymer flooding which lasts seven years, modifying the values of polymer physicochemical parameters and static model, so a polymer flooding model and a set of reservoir-scale physical and chemical parameters(viscosity-concentration relationship, residual resistance factor, adsorption curve, inaccessible pore volume) can be obtained. Based on the production performance of this pilot test area, the polymer flooding tracking simulation is made for the purpose of timely adjustment of the physical and chemical parameters of the polymer, allowing them to approach the real situation and obtain the optimum effect of polymer flooding.
Simulation Modeling of ICDs and MLTBS in a Green Field Offshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Marir Boualem , Allouti Abdelkader , Cobb David O. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
ADMA-OPCO is currently in progress of optimizing the development plans for several offshore undeveloped Abu Dhabi oil fields. A common basis in these developments is the incorporation of Intelligent Oil Field Concepts to improve recovery, safety and operating costs. This requires the application of several new technologies amongst which Smart Completions is seen as a challenging opportunity. These completions incorporate a combination of Permanent Downhole Gauges (PDHG), Inflow Control Devices (ICDs) and Multi Lateral Tie Back Systems (MLTBS) in various completion configurations.
One of these reservoirs addressed in this paper is targeted to be developed via a 5-Spot water injection pattern. Due to the high heterogeneity of carbonate reservoirs, premature water breakthrough is a major concern. The planned well configuration will add significantly to the development Drilling CAPEX, hence understanding and quantifying the benefits of utilizing ICDs and MLTBS technology is required.
Throughout this paper, the work flow used to assess the added values of ICDs and MLTBS has been presented based on sector models carefully extracted from the full field static model. These sector models target the key areas of the field where these smart wells are planned to be drilled. A history match process has been performed for model validation and to preserve the fine scale heterogeneity across the reservoirs. Approaches used for modeling these completion components using simulation software are discussed in this paper.
The results obtained from this study have shown a positive impact of MLTBS whereas the ICDs implementation has shown no significant improvement in the ultimate recovery compared to the conventional open hole completion except the establishment of uniform flow distribution form heel to toe. Additionally, several different realizations have been undertaken to investigate the key uncertainties associated with such results and these realizations were compared to results obtained from a similar study performed on an adjacent field being developed by ADMA-OPCO. Lessons learnt were captured and summarized.
Monte Carlo Molecular Simulation of Phase-coexistence for Oil Production and Processing
Authors: Li Jun , Sun Shuyu , Calo Victor M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The Gibbs-NVT ensemble Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the liquid-vapor coexistence diagram and the simulation results of methane agree well with the experimental data in a wide range of temperatures. For systems with two components, the Gibbs-NPT ensemble Monte Carlo method is employed in the simulation while the mole fraction of each component in each phase is modeled as a Leonard-Jones fluid. As the results of Monte Carlo simulations usually contain huge statistical error, the blocking method is used to estimate the variance of the simulation results. Additionally, in order to improve the simulation efficiency, the step sizes of different trial moves is adjusted automatically so that their acceptance probabilities can approach to the preset values.
Clinical implications of measurement of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration in dogs with spontaneous heart disease
Authors: Hori Yasutomo , Yamano Shigeki , Kanai Kazutaka , Hoshi Fumio , Itoh Naoyuki , Higuchi Sei-ichi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether measurement of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration could be used to identify heart disease in dogs and to assess disease severity in affected dogs.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Animals—37 healthy dogs and 78 dogs with heart disease.
Procedures—Dogs were divided into 5 groups on the basis of plasma ANP concentration: healthy, ANP-1 (< 50 pg/mL; n = 19), ANP-2 (50 to 100 pg/mL; 24), ANP-3 (101 to 200 pg/mL; 20), and ANP-4 (> 200 pg/mL; 15). All dogs underwent physical examination, echocardiography, thoracic radiography, and blood sampling before treatment.
Results—Compared with healthy dogs, dogs with increased plasma ANP concentration had significant concomitant increases in heart rate, cardiothoracic ratio, vertebral heart score, fractional shortening, ratio of left atrial-to-aortic root diameter, and mitral early diastolic flow (E wave) velocity and a significant decrease in relative wall thickness. Use of plasma ANP concentration > 25 pg/mL to identify dogs with heart disease (International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council class > I) had a sensitivity of 91.0% and specificity of 94.7%. Use of plasma ANP concentration > 100 pg/mL to identify dogs with International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council class IIIb heart disease had a sensitivity of 81.0% and specificity of 81.1 %.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results may provide reference values for plasma ANP concentration in dogs and suggest that plasma ANP concentration may help to distinguish dogs with cardiac disease from clinically normal dogs. Measurement of plasma ANP concentration may be a useful marker for predicting the severity of heart disease in dogs.
Use of an inguinal approach adapted from equine surgery for cryptorchidectomy in dogs and cats: 26 cases (1999–2010)
Authors: Steckel Robert R. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether a surgical technique used in cryptorchid horses can be used successfully to remove testicles retained in the inguinal region or abdominal cavity in dogs and cats.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—22 dogs and 4 cats with cryptorchidism.
Procedures—In 1999 through 2010, 26 cryptorchid patients underwent surgery during which an incision was made over the inguinal ring and the undescended testicle was located for removal via identification of the vaginal process and the embryonic gubernaculum. Castration was performed once a testicle was located in the inguinal region or via removal of an intra-abdominally located testicle through the inguinal canal.
Results—4 dogs and 1 cat were bilaterally cryptorchid. Testicles were retained in the abdominal cavity in 18 dogs and in the inguinal region in 4 dogs; in all 4 cats, undescended testicles were located in the inguinal region. Twenty-one dogs and 4 cats were castrated without breaching the abdominal cavity; in one of those dogs, the inguinal ring was enlarged to permit extraction of a tumorous testicle. In 1 dog, the inguinal ring was enlarged into a paramedian laparotomy and viscera were manipulated to exteriorize an intra-abdominally located testicle because the gubernaculum had ruptured. Major intraoperative or long-term complications did not occur.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that as in horses, the surgical approach over the inguinal ring, wherein the vaginal process and the remnant of the gubernaculum are identified and used to locate an undescended testicle for removal, can be used successfully in dogs and cats.
Heterobilharzia americana infection as a cause of hepatic parasitic granulomas in a horse
Authors: Corapi Wayne V. , Birch Sharla M. , Carlson Kelly L. , Chaffin M. Keith , Snowden Karen F. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Case Description—A 22-year-old American Paint Horse gelding from the Gulf Coast region of Texas was evaluated for regrowth of a perirectal squamous cell carcinoma that had been surgically removed 11 months previously.
Clinical Findings—A necrotic and ulcerated mass was present below the anus. The horse had paraphimosis and was having difficulty with urination. Histologic examination of the mass revealed that it was squamous cell carcinoma, and the horse was euthanized because of the unlikelihood that the mass could be adequately resected and its close proximity to the urethra.
Outcome—At necropsy, in addition to the squamous cell carcinoma, hundreds of round, white to pale yellow nodules were disseminated throughout the liver, resulting in a so-called starry-sky appearance. Similar granulomas were seen in the right caudal lung lobe and small intestinal serosa. A single granuloma in the liver, which differed from the others by its larger size, contained a pair of adult schistosomes. Several hepatic granuloma specimens were used for PCR amplification and sequencing. Use of primers specific for a portion of the Heterobilharzia americana small subunit rRNA gene resulted in amplification of a 487-base pair product that had 100% sequence identity with H americana.
Clinical Relevance—Severe cases of disseminated granulomas in the liver of horses may result in a liver with a grossly abnormal starry-sky pattern. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the association of granulomas with H americana infection along with adult schistosomes in the liver of a horse.
Nachhaltiges Holzproduktionspotenzial im Schweizer Wald
Authors: Kaufmann Edgar 
Published: October 2011

Potential of sustainable wood production in Swiss forests
In the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI), the data collected in the three inventories (NFI1 1983–1985, NFI2 1993–1995, NFI3 2004–2006) provide the basis not only for analysing the present state of the forest and how it has developed up to now, but also for assessing, with the help of models, how it might develop in future. The scenario model «Massimo 3», developed at the Swiss Federal Institut for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, is an empirical and stochastic simulation model. It relies on data from the NFI and forecasts the development of the forest according to how it is managed. Six scenarios with different management regimes were defined according to the economic, silvicultural and ecological aspects considered. In three scenarios the growing stock is kept constant at the level of NFI3, but different management strategies are used (Scenario A: basis [business as usual], Scenario E: even-aged forests are transformed into uneven-aged forests, and Scenario F: near-natural percentages of conifers are promoted). In two scenarios forest management is partially abandoned for either ecological reasons (Scenario B: reservations, 10% of the forest area is left unmanaged) or for economic reasons (Scenario C: harvesting costs, 40% of the forest area is left unmanaged). Scenario D (rotation periods are shortened) was used to study the effects of augmenting the annual harvesting amount. A forecasting time period of 100 years was selected to assess the long-term effects of the scenarios. Scenarios A, D, and E show that the sustainable harvesting potential of merchantable wood lies in a relatively narrow range of 7.1 to 7.3 million m3/year, even though in Scenario D the growing stock is reduced from 360 m3/ha to 305 m3/ha. In Scenario F regeneration is systematically established with near-natural percentages of conifers, the long-term harvesting potential is slightly less: about 6.5 million m3/year of merchantable wood. If forest management is abandoned for economic reasons on as much as 40% of the forest area (Scenario C, harvesting costs), the impact on the wood reserves is very negative.
Nurses’ Orientation Toward Lifelong Learning: A Case Study of Uganda’s National Hospital
Authors: Muliira Joshua Kanaabi , Etyang Charles , Muliira Rhoda Suubi , Kizza Irene Betty 
Published: October 2011

Background:
The quality of nursing care in developing countries is poor, and attempts to improve it through continuing education programs are under way. Nurses’ orientation toward lifelong learning has not been explored, despite its potential effect on the success of such programs.

Methods:
The Jefferson Scale of Physician Lifelong Learning (JSPLL) was used to measure orientation toward lifelong learning among 200 nurses at Uganda’s national hospital.

Results:

Most participants had fair orientation (52%) toward lifelong learning (JSPLL mean score = 36.8 [
SD
= 7.2]) and rated their skills in self-directed learning as good or excellent (44%). Reported barriers to lifelong learning included patient workload, lack of mentors, lack of library resources, and lack of computer skills. Nurses’ orientation toward lifelong learning was significantly associated with professional experience (
p
⩽ .05), age (
p
⩽ .05), and education level (
p
⩽ .01).

Conclusion:
In Uganda, nurses’ orientation toward lifelong learning remains low, and this has implications for successful implementation of continuing education programs for nurses.
Photodynamic Therapy for Best Disease Complicated by Choroidal Neovascularization in Children
Authors: Ozdek Sengul , Ozmen Mehmet Cuneyt , Tufan Hasan Ali , Gurelik Gokhan , Hasanreisoglu Berati 
Published: October 2011

Purpose:
To describe the results of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD) in children.

Methods:
Five eyes of four children diagnosed as having BVMD complicated by CNV received a single session of PDT. Response to treatment was monitored with fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography.

Results:
All eyes responded well to one session of PDT with significant increases in visual acuity in four of the five eyes. Increase or stabilization of visual acuity was preserved during a mean follow-up period of 25 months.

Conclusion:
PDT may be an effective treatment for CNV associated with BVMD in children.