bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an Analytical Methodology for Quantification of Strong Acid in Diesel Oil
Authors: de Souza Flávia C. , da Rocha Janaina C. , Vieira Eduardo , Machado Sergio A. S. , D'Elia Eliane 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMany factors can affect the quality of diesel oil, in particular the degradation processes that are directly related to some organosulfur compounds. During the degradation process, these compounds are oxidized into their corresponding sulfonic acids, generating a strong acid content during the process. p‐Toluene sulfonic acid analysis was performed using the linear sweep voltammetry technique with a platinum ultramicroelectrode in aqueous solution containing 3 mol L−1 potassium chloride. An extraction step was introduced prior to the voltammetric detection in order to avoid the adsorption of organic molecules, which inhibit the electrochemical response. The extraction step promoted the transference of sulfonic acid from the diesel oil to an aqueous phase. The method was accurate and reproducible, with detection and quantification limits of 5 ppm and 15 ppm, respectively. Recovery of sulfonic acid was around 90%.
Electrochemical Characterization and Quantification of the Strong Antioxidant and Antitumor Agent Pomiferin
Authors: Ginja Teixeira Jorge , Barrocas Dias Cristina , Martins Teixeira Dora 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of pomiferin, a natural isoflavone with significant antioxidant, antidiabetic and antitumor properties, is reported here for the first time at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). In order to understand the redox processes of this compound, its response was compared with the nonantioxidant isoflavone osajin. Based on cyclic and square‐wave voltammetric methods it was observed that pomiferin presents a quasireversible anodic peak, which was attributed to the oxidation of the catechol group, and that is strongly influenced by pH. This anodic process yields a well‐defined DPV response, which can be used for the analytical determination of this potential pharmotherapeutic isoflavone.
Comparative Analysis of Proline Enantiomer in Chiral Recognition of Biological Macromolecule in Immunoassay
Authors: Chen Min , Fu Yingzi , Cui Xin , Wang Lilan , Li Miaosi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn interesting phenomenon of the stereoselective interaction between biological macromolecule and amino acid enantiomorphous was described. Firstly, proline enantiomer (L‐ and D‐proline) was assembled on the glassy carbon electrode surface. Then carcinoembryonic antibody (anti‐CEA) was loaded to the enantiomer surface, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to monitor the growth of amino acid film. The assembly process was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied to image the chiral films. Finally, the developed electrodes had interacted with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in varying concentration solutions. The AFM and amperometric results revealed that the proline enantioner had the chiral recognition function to antibody.
Functionalization of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Cubic Prussian Blue and Its Application for Amperometric Sensing
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Lili , Zhang Na , Wang Guangfeng , Fang Bin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this work, we synthesized electroactive cubic Prussian blue (PB) modified single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) nanocomposites using the mixture solution of ferric‐(III) chloride and potassium ferricyanide under ambient conditions. The successful fabrication of the PB‐SWNTs nanocomposites was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). PB nanocrystallites are observed to be finely attached on the SWNTs sidewalls in which the SWNTs not only act as a carrier of PB nanocrystallites but also as Fe(III)‐reducer. The electrochemical properties of PB‐SWNTs nanocomposites were also investigated. Using the electrodeposition technique, a thin film of PB‐SWNTs/chitosan nanocomposites was prepared onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the construction of a H2O2 sensor. PB‐SWNTs/chitosan nanocomposites film shows enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of H2O2 and the amperometric responses show a linear dependence on the concentration of H2O2 in a range of 0.5–27.5 mM and a low detection limit of 10 nM at the signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. The time required to reach the 95% steady state response was less than 2 s. CV studies demonstrate that the modified electrode has outstanding stability. In addition, a glucose biosensor is further developed through the simple one‐step electrodeposition method. The observed wide concentration range, high stability and high reproducibility of the PB‐SWNTs/chitosan nanocomposites film make them promising for the reliable and durable detection of H2O2 and glucose.
Performance evaluation of radio disjoint multipath routing
Authors: Kuladinithi K. , An C. , Timm‐Giel A. , Görg C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMultipath routes in wireless multihopad hocnetworks have proven to increase performance compared to single path routing when providing backup paths in case of path failures and also distributing flows (i.e. data traffic) among several paths. The drawback of using multipath simultaneously in wireless multihopad hocnetworks is that the other nodes in the network located in the other active paths may interfere with their own communications, degrading the effective throughput.This work proposes an analytical model to find multiple non‐interfering routes or routes with minimum interference between a source and a destination in a given network topology. These types of routing paths are called Radio Disjoint Multipath (RDM) routes. Compared to the previous work, this work pioneers the use of models to determine interference free routes in a wireless multihopad hocnetwork considering two criteria: the mutual interference of each path and the background traffic load of the path. Further, simulation results are taken by implementing RDM routes in 802.11 based multihopad hocnetworks. Both analytical and simulation results are obtained and analysed for different network scenarios that use RDM routes by distributing packets of a single flow among multiple RDM paths. Analytical results show that the sustainable throughput can be doubled when using RDM paths for unidirectional flows. Simulation results also show that throughput can be improved with RDM routes by a factor of 1.5 and 1.8 in some cases, when using uni‐and bidirectional UDP flows, respectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential benefit of flow‐based routing in multihomed environments
Authors: Manilici Vlad , Wundsam Andreas , Feldmann Anja , Vidales Pablo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe data rates provisioned by broadband Internet access connections continue to fall short of the requirements posed by emerging applications. However, the potential of statistical multiplexing of the last mile broadband connections remains unexploited even as the average utilisation of these connections remains low. Despite recent work in this area, two key questions remain unanswered: (a) what is the attainable benefit of broadband access sharing? and (b) how much of this benefit is realisable given real‐world constraints? In this work we quantify the attainable benefit of a multihomed broadband access environment by proposing and evaluating several flow‐based access sharing policies using a custom flow‐based simulator. We then analyse how much of the performance benefit is lost due to real‐world constraints by migrating from simulations to a test‐lab environment employing a wireless network. Our results show that in today's broadband Internet access scenarios, a significant reduction in download times (up to a factor of 3) is achievable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near‐infrared Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis in the stomach: Identification of Helicobacter‐pylori infection and intestinal metaplasia
Authors: Teh Seng Khoon , Zheng Wei , Ho Khek Yu , Teh Ming , Yeoh Khay Guan , Huang Zhiwei 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is a unique vibrational spectroscopic technique which can be used to probe biochemicals and biomolecular structures and conformations of tissues. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of applying near‐infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy for identification of nonneoplastic lesions (Helicobacter‐pylori (Hp) infection, and intestinal metaplasia (IM)) highly associated with stomach cancer. A rapid‐acquisition NIR Raman spectroscopic system was used for tissue Raman measurements at 785 nm excitation, and a total of 88 gastric tissue samples (57 normal; 11 Hp‐infection; 20 IM) from 56 patients were measured. The principal components analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) techniques were implemented to develop effective diagnostic algorithms for classification of Raman spectra of different gastric tissue types. High‐quality Raman spectra in the range of 800‐1800 cm−1 were acquired from gastric tissue within 5 seconds. Significant spectral differences in Raman spectra were observed among normal, Hp‐infection and IM gastric tissue, particularly in the spectral ranges of 848–917, 960–1015, 1088–1133, 1206–1213, 1277–1313, 1395–1445, 1517–1549, 1607–1690, and 1714–1767 cm−1 which contained signals related to proteins, lipids and porphyrin. PCA‐LDA algorithms developed together with leave one patient out, cross validation technique yield diagnostic sensitivities of 91.7%, 80.0%, and 80.0%, and specificities of 80.0%, 100%, and 92.7%, respectively, for classification of normal, Hp‐infection and IM gastric tissues. This work demonstrates the utility of NIR Raman spectroscopy for early diagnosis of Hp‐infection and IM lesions in the gastric at the molecular level.
Alcohol drinking and pancreatic cancer risk: a meta‐analysis of the dose‐risk relation
Authors: Tramacere Irene , Scotti Lorenza , Jenab Mazda , Bagnardi Vincenzo , Bellocco Rino , Rota Matteo , Corrao Giovanni , Bravi Francesca , Boffetta Paolo , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn order to provide a more precise quantification of the association between alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer risk, we performed a meta‐analysis of relevant dose‐risk results. We conducted a PubMed search of all case‐control (N=21) and cohort (N=11) studies published up to March 2009. We computed summary relative risk (RR) estimates using either fixed‐ or, in the presence of heterogeneity, random‐effects models. The pooled RR was 0.92 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI, 0.86–0.97) for <3 drinks/day and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.12–1.34) for ≥3 drinks/day. The increased risk for heavy drinking was similar in women and men, but apparently stronger in cohort studies (RR=1.29), in studies with high quality index (RR=1.30), and did not appear to be explained by residual confounding by either history of pancreatitis or tobacco smoking. This meta‐analysis provides strong evidence for the absence of a role of moderate drinking in pancreatic carcinogenesis, coupled to an increased risk for heavy alcohol drinking. Given the moderate increase in risk and the low prevalence of heavy drinkers in most populations, alcohol appears to be responsible only for a small fraction of all pancreatic cancers.
Second operation is not related to psychological outcome in breast cancer patients
Authors: Den Oudsten Brenda L. , Van Heck Guus L. , Van der Steeg Alida F.W. , Roukema Jan A. , De Vries Jolanda 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTo examine the effect of multiple surgical treatments on psychological outcomes in women with early stage breast cancer (BC) in a prospective follow‐up study. Questionnaires for depressive symptoms (CES‐D), fatigue (FAS), anxiety (STAI‐State), physical health (WHOQOL‐100), psychological health (WHOQOL‐100) and overall quality of life and general health (WHOQOL‐100) were completed before diagnosis (Time‐1) and 1 (Time‐2), 3 (Time‐3), 6 (Time‐4) and 12 (Time‐5) months after the last surgical treatment. From the 217 participating women with early stage BC, 78 (35.9%) needed an additional surgical treatment. Using general linear model (repeated measures), psychosocial outcomes over time were investigated for the breast conserving therapy and mastectomy group, accounting for type of surgery, disease stage and hormonal therapy. Psychological outcomes did not significantly change over time, with the exception of anxiety [Wilks' Lambda = 0.72, F (4,86) = 8.55, p < 0.0001, partial eta squared = 0.29]. On average, women with 1 and women with 2 surgical treatments did not differ on any outcome measure. No interaction effects were found, indicating that changes in outcomes over time were the same for both groups. Women who had a repeat surgical treatment did not score differently on psychological outcome measures compared with women who were treated “efficiently.”
Long term presence of a single predominant tyrosinase‐specific T‐cell clone associated with disease control in a patient with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Ochsenreither Sebastian , Fusi Alberto , Busse Antonia , Letsch Anne , Haase Doreen , Thiel Eckhard , Scheibenbogen Carmen , Keilholz Ulrich 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn an earlier study, we described a patient who developed an anti‐tyrosinase T‐cell response leading to long‐term tumor control. Here we analyzed this response with regard to T‐cell receptor (TCR) Vβ family usage and clonality in order to further elucidate the nature of the T cell response in this patient. For identification of expanded specific cytotoxic T‐cell (CTL) clones, tetramer enrichment of tyrosinase reactive T‐cells was followed by comparative quantitative reverse transcribed PCR (qRT PCR) quantification of all TCR Vβ‐families and sequencing of family Vβ4 elevated in the enriched fraction. The predominant specific clone was quantified by clonotypic qRT PCR in multiple samples from blood, bone marrow, and tumor tissue. FACS analyses with staining of TYR.A2 and TCR Vβ4 were performed. Epitope specific enrichment revealed an isolated increase of Vβ−family 4. FACS analysis showed a shift of specific CTLs to Vβ‐family 4 during tumor regression with a maximum of 80% of all TYR.A2 specific cells belonging to this family. Sequencing revealed a single predominant clone against polyclonal background coding for identical CDR3 loops. The predominant clone was highly expressed in bone marrow and tumor tissue, and was detectable in blood over a period of ten years. Considering the results of previous studies showing a specific effector phenotype in blood and a specific memory compartment in bone marrow of this patient, this data implicate the predominant clone featured all attributes of a sufficient CTL response including homing capacity and memory formation resulting in long term clonal persistence and tumor control.
Prevention of cigarette smoke–induced lung tumors in mice by budesonide, phenethyl isothiocyanate, and N‐acetylcysteine
Authors: Balansky Roumen , Ganchev Gancho , Iltcheva Marietta , Steele Vernon E. , De Flora Silvio 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLung cancer is the most important cause of death among neoplastic diseases worldwide, and cigarette smoke (CS) is the major risk factor for cancer. Complementarily to avoidance of exposure to CS, chemoprevention will lower the risk of cancer in passive smokers, ex‐smokers, and addicted current smokers who fail to quit smoking. Unfortunately, chemoprevention clinical trials have produced disappointing results to date and, until recently, a suitable animal model evaluating CS carcinogenicity was not available. We previously demonstrated that mainstream CS induces a potent carcinogenic response when exposure of mice starts at birth. In the present study, neonatal mice (strain H) were exposed to CS for 120 consecutive days, starting at birth. The chemopreventive agents budesonide (2.4 mg/kg diet), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC, 1,000 mg/kg diet), and N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC, 1,000 mg/kg body weight) were administered orally according to various protocols. The experiment was stopped after 210 days. Exposure to CS resulted in a high incidence and multiplicity of benign lung tumors and in significant increases of malignant lung tumors and other histopathological alterations. All three chemopreventive agents, administered to current smokers after weaning, were quite effective in protecting both male and female mice from CS pulmonary carcinogenicity. When given to ex‐smokers after withdrawal of exposure to CS, the protective capacity of budesonide was unchanged, while PEITC lost part of its cancer chemopreventive activity. In conclusion, the proposed experimental model provides convincing evidence that it is possible to prevent CS‐induced lung cancer by means of dietary and pharmacological agents.
Induction of human papillomavirus oncogene‐specific CD8 T‐cell effector responses in the genital mucosa of vaccinated mice
Authors: Decrausaz Loane , Revaz Véronique , Bobst Martine , Corthésy Blaise , Romero Pedro , Nardelli‐Haefliger Denise 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCervical cancer, the second leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide, results from infection with a subset of human papillomaviruses (HPV), HPV‐16 being the most prevalent type. The available prophylactic vaccines are an effective strategy to prevent this cancer in the long term. However, they only target 70–80% of all cervical cancers and cannot control existing HPV infections and associated lesions. Therapeutic vaccines are thus necessary for women who cannot benefit from prophylactic vaccination. Induction of protective immune responses in the genital mucosa (GM) may be crucial for efficacy of HPV therapeutic vaccines. We report here that mice that received a single subcutaneous (s.c.) vaccination of an adjuvanted long synthetic HPV16 E71–98 polypeptide showed induction of 100% tumor protection against s.c. TC‐1 tumors and that tumor regression was mainly provided by CD8 T cells. In vivo cytotoxic assay revealed high E7‐specific cytolytic T lymphocytes activity in spleen and in genital draining lymph nodes (LN), and E7‐specific CD8 T cells could be detected in GM by tetramer staining. More importantly, high‐avidity E7‐specific INF‐γ secreting CD8 T cells were induced not only in blood, spleen and LN but also in GM of vaccinated mice, thus providing evidence that a parenteral vaccination may be sufficient to provide regression of genital tumors. In addition, there was no correlation between the responses measured in blood with those measured in GM, highlighting the necessity and relevance to determine the immune responses in the mucosa where HPV‐tumors reside.
Alteration of adipokines during peripheral blood stem cell mobilization induced by granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor
Authors: Tanaka Yoshinori , Yujiri Toshiaki , Tanaka Mayumi , Mitani Noriyuki , Tanimura Atsuko , Tanizawa Yukio 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAdipokines, soluble mediators produced by adipocytes, have been shown to play a role in various physiological and pathological conditions. We investigated the involvement of adipokines in granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐induced mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells in 21 healthy donors. We found that serum visfatin and resistin levels, but not leptin and adiponectin levels, were significantly elevated by G‐CSF treatment. G‐CSF treatment activated signaling proteins like extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and stimulated secretion of visfatin from 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. These findings suggest that some adipokines may play a role in G‐CSF‐induced mobilization of stem cells from the bone marrow into systemic circulation. J. Clin. Apheresis 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How the choice of a computational model could rule the chemical interpretation: The Ni(II) catalyzed ethylene dimerization as a case study
Authors: Tognetti Vincent , Le Floch Pascal , Adamo Carlo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this article, we present a critical study of the theoretical protocol used for the determination of the nickel(II) catalyzed ethylene dimerization mechanism, considered as a representative example of the various problems related to the modeling a catalytic cycle. The choice of an appropriate computational procedure is indeed crucial for the validity of the conclusions that will be drawn from the computational process. The influence of the exchange‐correlation functional on energetic profiles and geometries, the role of the basis set describing the metal atom, as well as the importance of the chosen molecular model, have been thus examined in details. From the obtained results, some general conclusions and guidelines are presented, which could constitute useful warnings in modeling homogenous catalysis. Besides, the database constituted by our high‐level calculations can be used within benchmarking procedures to assess the performances of new computational methods based on density functional theory. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010
Development of mixing time correlation for a double jet mixer
Authors: Manjula P , Kalaichelvi P , Dheenathayalan K 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Jet mixing is one of the simplest methods to achieve mixing. There have been a number of experimental studies concerned with jet mixing; some of these studies report empirical correlations. The existing correlations are not useful where there are significant deviations from the idealized conditions. Most correlations reported in the literature deal with liquid flow with single or multiple jets, whereas the effect of radial angle on mixing time was not studied. This present study investigates the effect of operating parameters on experimental mixing time in a double jet mixer. Nozzle configuration for jet1 was fixed based on earlier studies (2/3rd position, nozzle angle 45° and nozzle diameter 10 mm). Mixing times were estimated for different jet2 configurations of jet angle (30°, 45° and 60°), radial angles (60°, 120°, 180°), jet diameter (5 mm and 3 mm) and located at different tank heights (2/3rd and 1/3rd from the bottom of the tank).RESULTS: A mixing time correlation was developed in terms of all the parameters using dimensional analysis. The constants and powers of the parameters involved in the correlation developed were estimated using a least square method to calculate the straight line that best fitted the mixing time data obtained during the experiments. The effects of change in angle of inclination of jet2 (θ2), radial angle of jet2 with respect to jet1 (Φ2) and diameter of jet2 (d2) on mixing time were analyzed and compared with the experimental mixing time.CONCLUSION: The correlation developed based on the dimensional analysis and least square method predicts the mixing time for a double jet mixing tank. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry