bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Sexual Orientation Using the Hemodynamic Brain Response to Visual Sexual Stimuli
Authors: Ponseti Jorge , Granert Oliver , Jansen Olav , Wolff Stephan , Mehdorn Hubertus , Bosinski Hartmut , Siebner Hartwig 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The assessment of sexual orientation is of importance to the diagnosis and treatment of sex offenders and paraphilic disorders. Phallometry is considered gold standard in objectifying sexual orientation, yet this measurement has been criticized because of its intrusiveness and limited reliability.

Aim
To evaluate whether the spatial response pattern to sexual stimuli as revealed by a change in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal can be used for individual classification of sexual orientation.

Methods
We used a preexisting functional MRI (fMRI) data set that had been acquired in a nonclinical sample of 12 heterosexual men and 14 homosexual men. During fMRI, participants were briefly exposed to pictures of same-sex and opposite-sex genitals. Data analysis involved four steps: (i) differences in the BOLD response to female and male sexual stimuli were calculated for each subject; (ii) these contrast images were entered into a group analysis to calculate whole-brain difference maps between homosexual and heterosexual participants; (iii) a single expression value was computed for each subject expressing its correspondence to the group result; and (iv) based on these expression values, Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis and the κ-nearest neighbor classification method were used to predict the sexual orientation of each subject.

Mean Outcome Measure
Sensitivity and specificity of the two classification methods in predicting individual sexual orientation.

Results
Both classification methods performed well in predicting individual sexual orientation with a mean accuracy of &gt;85% (Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis: 92% sensitivity, 85% specificity; κ-nearest neighbor classification: 88% sensitivity, 92% specificity).

Conclusion
Despite the small sample size, the functional response patterns of the brain to sexual stimuli contained sufficient information to predict individual sexual orientation with high accuracy. These results suggest that fMRI-based classification methods hold promise for the diagnosis of paraphilic disorders (e.g., pedophilia).
A New Generation of Satellite Snow Observations for Large Scale Earth System Studies
Authors: Frei Allan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSnow cover variations over Northern Hemisphere lands result in dramatic changes in the Earth's hydrology and surface energy balance over a range of time scales. These variations play a role in the complex web of feedbacks that control the Earth's climate, and are likely to modulate any climate change that occurs during this century. The ongoing need for reliably observed indicators of climate change, and for refined climate models, to facilitate the detection and attribution of climate change, and the declining global meteorological observation network, underscore the increasing importance of accurate remotely sensed information. A new generation of remotely sensed products in the last decade provides information at unprecedented temporal, spatial, and spectral resolutions. This article reviews the characteristics and theoretical underpinnings of these snow products, shows examples of their application in climatological analyses, and discusses current and future directions in their application and development.
Characteristics of Bread Prepared from Wheat Flours Blended with Various Kinds of Newly Developed Rice Flours
Authors: Nakamura S. , Suzuki K. , Ohtsubo K. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT:  Characteristics of the bread prepared from wheat flour blended with the flour of various kinds of newly developed rice cultivars were investigated. Qualities of the bread made from wheat flour blended with rice flour have been reported to be inferior to those from 100% wheat flour bread. To improve its qualities, we searched for the new‐characteristic rice flours among the various kinds of newly developed rice cultivars to blend with the wheat flour for the bread preparation. The most suitable new characteristic rices are combination of purple waxy rice, high‐amylose rice, and sugary rice. Specific volume of the bread from the combination of wheat and these 3 kinds of rice flours showed higher specific volume (3.93) compared with the traditional wheat/rice bread (3.58). We adopted the novel method, continuous progressive compression test, to measure the physical properties of the dough and the bread in addition to the sensory evaluation. As a result of the selection of the most suitable rice cultivars and blending ratio with the wheat flour, we could develop the novel wheat/rice bread, of which loaf volume, physical properties, and tastes are acceptable and resistant to firming on even 4 d after the bread preparation.To increase the ratio of rice to wheat, we tried to add a part of rice as cooked rice grains. The specific volume and qualities of the bread were maintained well although the rice content of total flour increased from 30% to 40%.
Bumblebee nest density and the scale of available forage in arable landscapes
Authors: KNIGHT M. E. , OSBORNE J. L. , SANDERSON R. A. , HALE R. J. , MARTIN A. P. , GOULSON D. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract.

Combining the needs of agricultural production with enhancing biodiversity requires a landscape‐scale approach since the geographic scale at which most non‐farmed species operate is unconstrained by farm boundaries. Bumblebees are a key component of farmland biodiversity as pollinators of both crops and wild flora. However, the factors determining their densities in such landscapes remain poorly understood.
Using a combination of remote‐sensed landscape data and molecular markers, we quantify the effects of land use (oilseed rape, field beans and non‐cropped areas, all of which provide suitable bumblebee forage), at various spatial scales to find the best predictor of colony density for the bumblebee Bombus pascuorum Scopoli in an arable landscape.
Estimated colony density was positively correlated with the area of all habitat categories within 1000 m of the sample site. No significant relationships were found for greater or lesser distances. This concurs with earlier estimates of the foraging range of this species. We found no evidence that nest sizes increased with forage availability, although our data do not allow us to categorically exclude this possibility.
It has long been suspected that forage availability limits bee abundance in agricultural landscapes but there is little direct evidence for this. Here we report a direct relationship between floral abundance and bumblebee nest density within a notionally fixed area. Importantly, we suggest that the forage availability within the previously published estimated foraging distance for this species at this location is a good predictor of the scale of impact of forage provision on nesting density.
Intensified multifactorial treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes: What can be achieved and does it pay off?
Authors: PEDERSEN Oluf 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBy influencing the standards of diabetes care and treatment guidelines throughout the world, the results of recent long‐term risk factor interventions in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) have likely contributed to the improved health outcomes and induced a decline in mortality in people with T2D. Although we have a need for even more evidence to support early, individualized, and intensive management of all known modifiable risk factors, we have now reached an era in T2D care where the critical challenges appear to be to translate the insights, knowledge and benefits to patients in the community setting. Current surveys show slow progress in achieving treatment goals and in the use of recommended drugs and adjustments of lifestyle for the prevention of vascular complications in diabetes. The resistance and barriers among medical professionals and patients likely have multiple causes. The present review focuses on experiences from multifactorial interventions in high‐risk patients with T2D where it is possible to markedly improve their prognosis.
Poe in the Marketplace
Authors: McLean Robert C. 
Published: March 2009

Thomas Woodson, ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of “The Fall of the House of Usher”: A Collection of Critical Essays.Eric W. Carlson, ed. Edgar Allan Poe: “The Pall of the House of Usher.”William L. Howarth, ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Foe's Tales: A Collection of Critical Essays.
Marginal Politics and “The Purloined Letter”: A Review Essay
Authors: Pease Donald 
Published: March 2009

Jacques Lacan, “Le seminaire sur ‘La Lettre volee,‘” from Ecrits (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1966), pp. 11‐61; trans. Jeffrey Mehlman as “Seminar on “The Purloined Letter,’” in French Freud: Structural Studies in Psychoanalysis, Yale French Studies, No. 48 (1972), pp. 38‐72.Jacques Derrida, “Le Facteur de la verite,”Poetique, 21 (1975), 96‐147; trans. Willis Domingo, et al., as “The Purveyor of Truth,” in Graphesis: Perspectives in Literature and Philosophy, Yale French Studies, No. 52 (1975), pp. 31‐113.Barbara Johnson, “The Frame of Reference: Poe, Lacan, Derrida,” from Literature and Psychoanalysis I the Question of Reading: Otherwise, Yale French Studies, No. 55‐56 (1977) pp. 457‐505; rpt. in Psychoanalysis and the Question of the Text, ed. Geoffrey Hartman (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1978), pp. 149‐171, and in Barbara Johnson, The Critical Difference: Essays in the Contemporary Rhetoric of Reading (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1981), pp. 110‐146.
Dogmatizing Discourse
Authors: Robinson Douglas 
Published: March 2009

Book reviewed in this article:Evan Carton. The Rhetoric of American Romance: Dialectic and Identity in Emerson, Dickinson, Poe, and Hawthorne. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985. ix, 288 pp. $25.00.Ross Chambers. Story and Situation: Narrative Seduction and the Power of Fiction, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984. xxii, 279 pp. $14.95, paper.Ken Frieden. Genius and Monologue. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985. 211 pp. $19.95.Jefferson Humphries. Metamorphoses of the Raven: Literary Overdeterminedness in France and the South Since Poe. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1985. xix, 196 pp. $25.00.
The Protean Mr. Poe: Some Versions of His Changing Shapes
Authors: Gargano James W. 
Published: March 2009

Burton R. Pollin, Insights and Outlooks: Essays on Great Writers, New York: Gordian Press, 1986. vii‐x+ 239 pp.Benjamin Franklin Fisher IV, Poe and Our Times: Influences and Affinities, Baltimore, Maryland: The Edgar Allan Poe Society, 1986. I–III+156 pp.
A MATHEMATICAL THEORY FOR VIBRATIONAL LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH HYDROGEN BONDS II: THE NON-SYMMETRIC CASE
Authors: HAGEDORN GEORGE A. , JOYE ALAIN 
Published: March 2009

We propose an alternative to the usual time-independent Born–Oppenheimer approximation that is specifically designed to describe molecules with non-symmetrical hydrogen bonds. In our approach, the masses of the hydrogen nuclei are scaled differently from those of the heavier nuclei, and we employ a specialized form for the electron energy level surface. As a result, the different vibrational modes appear at different orders of approximation. Although we develop a general theory, our analysis is motivated by an examination of the FHCl- ion. We describe our results for it in detail. We prove the existence of quasimodes and quasienergies for the nuclear vibrational and rotational motion to arbitrary order in the Born–Oppenheimer parameter ∊. When the electronic motion is also included, we provide simple formulas for the quasienergies up to order ∊3 that compare well with experiment and numerical results.
ENTROPY OF SELF–GRAVITATING SYSTEMS FROM HOLST'S LAGRANGIAN
Authors: FATIBENE L. , FERRARIS M. , FRANCAVIGLIA M. , PACCHIELLA G. 
Published: March 2009

We shall prove here that conservation laws from Holst's Lagrangian, often used in LQG, do not agree with the corresponding conservation laws in standard GR. Nevertheless, these differences vanish on-shell, i.e. along solutions, so that they eventually define the same classical conserved quantities. Accordingly, they define in particular the same entropy of solutions, and the standard law [Formula: see text] is reproduced for systems described by Holst's Lagrangian. This provides the classical support to the computation usually done in LQG for the entropy of black holes which is in turn used to fix the Barbero–Immirzi parameter.
Adam Sedgwick (1785–1873): geologist and evangelical
Authors: Roberts Michael B. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Adam Sedgwick (1785–1873) was one of the leading British geologists, who did much work on the Lower Palaeozoic stratigraphy. He was professor of geology at Cambridge and was an Anglican clergyman, later becoming Prebendary (Canon) of Peterborough. This paper considers his religious beliefs in relation to his geology, which, as he was an evangelical, centres on his and other people's interpretations of Genesis. Although he did not publish anything on Genesis, his understanding becomes clear from three interactions with fellow Anglican clergy. Two were acrimonious, one being with Henry Cole after the publication of
The Discourse
in 1833, and the other his controversy with Dean Cockburn of York at the British Association meeting in York in 1844. The third was his friendly correspondence with the evangelical Dean of Carlisle, Francis Close. This letter gave the longest statement of his ‘reconciliation’ of geology and Genesis.
Some nineteenth- and twentieth-century Australian geological clerics
Authors: Branagan David 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Despite the wide diversity of beliefs, personalities and geological expertise of 10 ‘clerical geologists’ of varying Christian denominations who worked in Australia, mainly during the nineteenth century, there is little indication that they saw any contradiction between a belief in a divine being and the pursuit of geology. There was a continuity of these attitudes throughout the century, within the changing social and professional geological environment as Australia moved from being a set of independent colonies to a federation. Four of the ‘clerical geologists’, Johannes Menge, W. B. Clarke, J. E. Tenison Woods and Walter Howchin, made significant contributions to geological science, which deserve to be better known internationally.
Franz X. Mayr, the spiritual father of the Jura-Museum
Authors: Viohl Günter K. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Franz X. Mayr (1887–1974) was the spiritual father of the Jura-Museum. After studying science and completing a doctorate in botany he worked as a secondary school teacher. In 1921 he decided to become a priest. After a shortened study of theology he was ordained in 1923 and subsequently appointed professor of natural history at the College of Philosophy and Theology in Eichstätt. In this function he made an important contribution to the research into the Solnhofen lithographic limestone. By his collecting activities he created the basis of the Jura-Museum. Mayr was also a teacher of the general public through popular articles, lectures and field trips, and was a committed conservationist. The source of all his activities was his spirituality. Strongly influenced by scholasticism and idealistic morphology, Mayr was a moderate creationist assuming the direct intervention of God at least twice: at the genesis of life and of man. This very conservative belief does not correspond to the view of modern Catholic theology and is outdated especially considering the reflections of Karl Rahner.
Reverent and exemplary: ‘dinosaur man’ Friedrich von Huene (1875–1969)
Authors: Turner Susan 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Friedrich Freiherr (Baron) Hoyningen, better known as von Huene, was a palaeontologist who made major contributions to vertebrate, especially amphibian and reptile, taxonomy. He was the dinosaur doyen of the Institute and Museum of Geology and Palaeontology, University of Tübingen, and an important figure in the German scientific community for seven decades. Unlike his peers, he was a pious evangelical Protestant whose life and research were strongly influenced by his beliefs, which were unusual for a scientist in the 20th century and even for most contemporary Christians, and which he maintained throughout his life. His body of scientific and religious work and his correspondence with colleagues such as Tilly Edinger and Richard Lull, and the self-taught vertebrate palaeontologist Heber A. Longman in Australia, give insights into and contrasts to his thinking, and throw light on scientific exchange in general as well as von Huene's philosophy, personal beliefs, hopes and dreams, and on how he coped with the Third Reich. Longman, a professed agnostic, was mentored by von Huene during his early work on vertebrate taxonomy at the Queensland Museum. Their relationship lasted more than 25 years, although they never met. Unlike other 20th-century ‘life’ scientists, von Huene's scientific work and career were affected by his religious philosophy.

Supplementary Material
: Huene bibliography is available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/
SUP 18336.
James Buckman (1814–1884): the scientific career of an English Darwinian thwarted by religious prejudice
Authors: Torrens H. S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Buckman first practised as a chemist. He joined the Botanical Society of London in 1837, and became a significant Cotswold naturalist, in botany and geology. He was elected Fellow of the Geological Society in 1842, when he was Honorary Secretary to the Cheltenham Literary and Philosophical Institution. In 1844 his brother Edwin went bankrupt and Buckman sought a new career. His amateur interests allowed him to become one of the first English professionals across natural science. He was appointed Secretary, Curator and Resident Lecturer to the Birmingham Philosophical Institution in 1846, then Professor of Geology, Botany and Zoology at the new Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester in 1848. Buckman here started botanical experiments to ‘solve the problem of the identity of species’ and read papers to the British Association from 1853. These yielded praise in Darwin's
Origin of Species
in 1859, and led to development of the ‘Student Parsnip’ in 1860.
Buckman's 1860
British Association report on his experiments, to the infamous Oxford meeting, supported evolution and the mutability of species. The Anglican Principal of the College found this distasteful and ordered the destruction of Buckman's Botanical Garden in spring 1862. Buckman's life provides a painful demonstration of the tribulations facing newly professional scientists in Victorian England. It also demonstrates the difficulties of then professing geology alone.
Geology and Genesis in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Italy: a preliminary assessment
Authors: Vaccari Ezio 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
During the second half of the nineteenth century and in the early years of the twentieth century the debate on the Darwinian evolutionary theory also involved the Italian scientific community. One of the lesser known results of the controversy there was the defence of creationism, often supported by the resort to the biblical Flood, in some Italian publications on geological sciences. The authors of such writings were naturalists and geologists, but also clerics and parish priests interested in the Earth sciences. They published a wide range of books, booklets and papers, particularly between 1870 and 1905. The aim of this paper is to analyse some interesting examples of this ‘submerged’ and heterogeneous literature, so as to understand the possible extent of its influence on the general public, as well as the level of integration between scientific knowledge, geological practice and reference to the Bible, during a period that is usually regarded as a time of separation between Genesis and geology.
The fossil proboscideans of Utica (Tunisia), a key to the ‘giant’ controversy, from Saint Augustine (424) to Peiresc (1632)
Authors: Godard Gaston 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

In his book
De Civitate Dei
(published about 424), Saint Augustine reported the discovery, on the shore of Utica (now Tunisia), of an enormous tooth, which he attributed to a giant. In Europe, this finding reinforced the myth of the past existence of giants on Earth, mentioned in the Bible. In 1630, new relicts of a so-called giant were found at Utica. Thomas d'Arcos, who lived in Tunis, described them and sent a tooth to the French scholar Peiresc, who demonstrated that it belonged to an elephant instead. Peiresc knew that he was contradicting Saint Augustine, but, while Galileo was under trial in Rome, he remained silent on this matter. Based on a sketch, the tooth can be attributed to an African elephant close to the present species
Loxodonta africana
or to the Pleistocene
L. africanava
. Peiresc also investigated other similar finds, particularly that of the so-called giant Theutobochus, discovered in 1613 at Montrigaud in France (in reality, a Miocene
Deinotherium giganteum
), and that of ‘giants’ in Sicily and Puglia (Italy). In each case, Peiresc attributed the relicts to the ‘grave of an elephant’ instead of a giant. However, his studies did not dispel the myth of giants, which persisted until the 18th century.
Chemokine Expression in Melanoma Metastases Associated with CD8+ T-Cell Recruitment
Authors: Harlin Helena , Meng Yuru , Peterson Amy C. , Zha Yuanyuan , Tretiakova Maria , Slingluff Craig , McKee Mark , Gajewski Thomas F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDespite the frequent detection of circulating tumor antigen–specific T cells, either spontaneously or following active immunization or adoptive transfer, immune-mediated cancer regression occurs only in the minority of patients. One theoretical rate-limiting step is whether effector T cells successfully migrate into metastatic tumor sites. Affymetrix gene expression profiling done on a series of metastatic melanoma biopsies revealed a major segregation of samples based on the presence or absence of T-cell–associated transcripts. The presence of lymphocytes correlated with the expression of defined chemokine genes. A subset of six chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10) was confirmed by protein array and/or quantitative reverse transcription-PCR to be preferentially expressed in tumors that contained T cells. Corresponding chemokine receptors were found to be up-regulated on human CD8+ effector T cells, and transwell migration assays confirmed the ability of each of these chemokines to promote migration of CD8+ effector cells in vitro. Screening by chemokine protein array identified a subset of melanoma cell lines that produced a similar broad array of chemokines. These melanoma cells more effectively recruited human CD8+ effector T cells when implanted as xenografts in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice in vivo. Chemokine blockade with specific antibodies inhibited migration of CD8+ T cells. Our results suggest that lack of critical chemokines in a subset of melanoma metastases may limit the migration of activated T cells, which in turn could limit the effectiveness of antitumor immunity. [Cancer Res 2009;69(7):3077–85]