bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Interface Pressure: A Laboratory-Based Investigation Into the Effects of Repositioning and Sitting
Authors: Stinson May , Porter Alison , Eakin Pamela 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Measurement of interface (or contact) pressure is important in assessing tissue viability in relation to pressure sore prevention and may be achieved through pressure mapping techniques. This article reports on two pilot studies using the Force Sensing Array pressure mapping system in a laboratory setting. The purpose of Study 1 was to examine the consistency of readings from the system across 1-min trials of repositioning, and Study 2 aimed to investigate changes in interface readings over a 20-min sitting period. Analyses on measurements of average pressure (mean of all sensor values) and maximum pressure (highest individual sensor value) were performed using the t test and repeated-measures analysis of variance. The results demonstrated that the use of average and maximum pressure measurements reflected only low reliability and that 6 min was likely to be the optimal sitting time required before stable pressure measurement. However, because of the limitations of using small convenience samples of healthy participants (n = 44 for Study 1, n = 20 for Study 2), these studies should be replicated with larger samples of healthy participants and then verified with disabled populations before adoption into clinical practice.
Classroom-Based Assessment: Validation for the School AMPS
Authors: Fingerhut Pat , Madill Helen , Darrah Johanna , Hodge Megan , Warren Sharon 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The role of the occupational therapist working in the school system is to facilitate a student’s task performance or ability to do purposeful and meaningful activities so that the student benefits from the educational experience. To fulfill this role, occupational therapists need assessments that address functional performance issues in the classroom and provide information for effective programming and consultation. The School Version of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (School AMPS) is an observational evaluation of functional skills in the classroom. Common classroom activities are observed to assess a child’s school motor and school process skills. This study examined the validity of the School AMPS by comparing it to the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale–Fine Motor (PDMS-FM), a common assessment used in local area school districts in Edmonton, Alberta. Results show a higher correlation of the PDMS-FM with the motor scale of the School AMPS than with the process scale of the School AMPS, which was expected. The School AMPS appears to be a promising instrument for measuring the constructs of school motor and school process skills within a naturalistic setting.
The School as Social Context: Social Interaction Patterns of Children With Physical Disabilities
Authors: Richardson Pamela K. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the school social environment experienced by children with physical disabilities and the social interactional characteristics of children with physical disabilities in the school environment. The goal was to understand the interactive processes that support or inhibit these children’s social interactions.
METHOD. Naturalistic observation and participant interviews were used to collect data on social interaction patterns of three children with physical disabilities 5 to 8 years of age who were enrolled in age-appropriate regular education classrooms. Descriptive codes were obtained through constant comparative analysis.
RESULTS. Four themes were identified that characterized aspects of the social environment affecting the social interactions of children with disabilities: reciprocity, characteristics of social and play interactions, effects of adult involvement, and quality of occupational engagement.
CONCLUSION. The study supports the need for occupational therapists to focus intervention on multiple aspects of the social environment to facilitate children’s socialization.
The Process and Outcomes of a Multimethod Needs Assessment at a Homeless Shelter
Authors: Finlayson Marcia , Baker Michelle , Rodman Lisa , Herzberg Georgiana 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Many factors contribute to homelessness, including extreme poverty, extended periods of unemployment, shortages of low-income housing, deinstitutionalization, and substance abuse. As a result, the needs of people who are homeless are broad and complex. This needs assessment used literature reviews, review of local documents and reports, participant observation, focus groups, and reflective journals to guide the development of an occupational performance skills program at one homeless shelter in south Florida. Through these methods, the role of occupational therapy was extended beyond direct service to include program and resource development, staff education, advocacy, and staff–resident mediation. The findings of the needs assessment and the actions taken as a result of this work point to the huge potential for occupational therapists and students to work together with staff and residents of homeless shelters.
Effect of Instructions on Functional Reach in Persons With and Without Cerebrovascular Accident
Authors: Fasoli Susan E. , Trombly Catherine A. , Tickle-Degnen Linda , Verfaellie Mieke H. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Verbal instructions comprise an important element of clinical practice, however, their effectiveness in promoting movement organization in persons with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) has not been well investigated.
METHOD. A counterbalanced, repeated-measures design was used to examine the effects of externally focused (task-related) versus internally focused (movement-related) instructions on movement kinematics during three functional reaching tasks. Participants included 16 persons with stroke who were able to perform the tasks with their affected arm and 17 age-matched adults without neurological impairments.
RESULTS. Significantly shorter movement time and greater peak velocity were evident when reaching under the external-focus condition of all tasks than for the internal-focus condition.
CONCLUSION. One clinical implication is that internally focused instructions can contribute to slower and less forceful reach in adults with and without CVA. This research reinforces the need for therapists to consider their use of instruction during the evaluation and treatment of movement disorders.
Manual Asymmetry During Object Release Under Varying Task Constraints
Authors: Lewis Sarah R. , Duff Susan V. , Gordon Andrew M. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study examined differences between the dominant and nondominant hands of children during an object release task under various accuracy and speed constraints.
METHOD. Fifteen children 7 to 14 years of age who were typically developing released an instrumented object held with a precision grip onto a stable or unstable surface at a self-paced or quick speed while temporal and force measures were recorded.
RESULTS. Few differences were found between the two hands under stable, self-paced conditions. However, given accuracy constraints, object replacement with the nondominant hand took longer than the dominant hand. The nondominant hand exhibited different force coordination patterns than the dominant hand when both accuracy and speed constraints were imposed.
CONCLUSION. Task constraints differentially affected the performance of the dominant and nondominant hands during this object release task. The results suggest that clinicians should incorporate various task constraints into hand preference evaluations and during “dominance retraining.”
Implicit Learning in Children With and Without Developmental Coordination Disorder
Authors: Candler Catherine , Meeuwsen Harry 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The ability to use perceptual cues within the environment to guide movement accurately can be acquired implicitly in that skill may increase while the learner is not consciously aware of what cues are being used. In this study, the implicit learning capabilities of children with and without developmental coordination disorder were compared.
METHOD. Twenty-two children (11 with developmental coordination disorder, 11 without the disorder) played a computer game where they “caught” a descending ball image with a paddle on the screen. The dependent variable was accuracy of catch, as measured by the score on the computer game. On training trials, a visual cue appeared 50% of the time that signaled the direction of the ball. On probe trials, the visual cue was false. After completing the task, the children were interviewed about their conscious awareness of the cue. A mixed factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data for group comparisons.
RESULTS. Of the 22 children, only 6 indicated that they were aware of the cue. A mixed factorial ANOVA was significant for greater error when the visual cue was false, F(1.12, 22.49) = 27.27, p = .000, indicating that the children responded to the cue. No difference was found between groups in game performance.
CONCLUSION. Children with developmental coordination disorder in this study were able to implicitly recognize and use a perceptual cue to enhance their performance on a computer game. Strategies that foster implicit learning may be relevant to occupational therapy intervention.
Participation in the Occupations of Everyday Life
Authors: Law Mary 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Participation or involvement in everyday occupations is vital for all humans. As described by the World Health Organization, participation has a positive influence on health and well-being. The presence of disability has been found to lead to participation that is less diverse, is located more in the home, involves fewer social relationships, and includes less active recreation. Occupational therapy is in a unique position to contribute to the development and fulfillment of participation for persons with and without disabilities. This article describes the nature and outcomes of participation. Characteristics to define and measure meaningful participation are outlined. Information about time use will help to develop an understanding of patterns of participation across locations, gender, culture, and the life span. Factors that affect participation within the environment, family, and persons are summarized. Occupational therapy research is needed to examine the complex relationship among person, environment, and participation in occupations. In practice and education, knowledge about participation can enhance the client-centered and evidence-based nature of occupational therapy services.
Children’s Work: The Less-Considered Childhood Occupation
Authors: Larson Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Children’s work has largely been overlooked by researchers of many disciplines due to sociohistorical trends that fostered the notion that childhood should be a time free of work. Likewise, it has received little attention in occupational therapy most likely due to the influence of these historical developments on occupational therapy rhetoric and values. This paper begins by describing the influence of child labor laws and reformation on children’s participation in work. Next, using a comprehensive review of the literature gathered from social sciences, a critical examination of the historical and current research on children’s work is provided. This synthesis is framed in concepts of occupational science analyzing the evidence that describes the nature, form, function, and meaning of children’s work. For occupational therapists working with children with disabilities, this research provides beginning guidelines for occupation-based work interventions and typical expectations for nondisabled children that may be applied using clinical reasoning to populations with disabilities.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Engagement in Occupation
Authors: Chan Sam Chi Chung 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The goal of this study was to gain an understanding of participants’ experiences with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their perceptions of an occupational therapy intervention as it related to occupational behaviors. The researcher conducted semistructured interviews with three participants recruited from a pulmonary rehabilitation program in Hong Kong. Using thematic analysis, five themes related to the disease experience were identified: (1) uncertainty during the course of the disease, (2) external attribution, (3) activity restriction and isolation, (4) anxiety and depression, and (5) passive fortitude. Regarding the participants’ perceptions of the effects of the occupational therapy intervention on occupation engagement, four themes were identified: (1) increased knowledge of COPD, (2) taking control of the disease and reengagement in activities, (3) alleviation of mental burden, and (4) social support from peers and therapists. The study suggests a temporal framework for better understanding participants’ experiences of COPD as well as for developing more appropriate occupational therapy interventions.
Crafting the Self: Older Persons’ Narratives of Occupational Identity
Authors: Howie Linsey , Coulter Michelle , Feldman Susan 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study aimed to examine how engagement in creative occupations informed six older retired people’s occupational identities.
METHOD. Occupational narratives were gathered from in-depth interviews with 6 participants (75 years of age or older) who had extended experience of participation in creative occupations. A process of narrative-type inquiry produced summarized, chronological stories for each participant. Subsequently, a process of paradigmatic-type narrative analysis produced thematic categories related to how a sense of self is associated with creative occupational engagement in later life.
RESULTS. Four themes derived from data analysis included the relevance of relational practices, changing self-awareness, enduring qualities, and reflective processes to the formation of a sense of self.
CONCLUSION. This study adds to an understanding of how leisure occupations maintained across the life cycle contribute to building an occupational identity.
Mucho Camino: The Experiences of Two Undocumented Mexican Mothers Participating in Their Child’s Early Intervention Program
Authors: Alvarado M. Irma 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study describes the experiences of two mothers of Mexican origin who are immigrants living under undocumented status in the United States and who participated in their children’s early intervention programs.
METHOD. In-depth interviews, archival data, and participant observation conducted with two mothers of children with special needs provided data for this case study design research. A phenomenological analytical approach and qualitative data analysis software were employed to gain understandings particular to each family’s experience.
RESULTS. These families share similar experiences and interactions with many other families in the United States who live within the context of having a child with a disabling condition. Constraints on family functioning related to the families’ status of undocumented immigration included: mothers as active participants in their children’s early intervention programs, mothers’ understanding of their children, mothers’ communication with service providers, and life as an immigrant family of Mexican origin living under undocumented status.
CONCLUSIONS. The examination of how these mothers negotiated family life while participating in their child’s early intervention program provides an appreciation for how these families view the long road—“mucho camino”—involved in achieving their family’s well-being.
Improving Quality of Life for Persons With Alzheimer’s Disease and Their Family Caregivers: Brief Occupational Therapy Intervention
Authors: Dooley Nancy Robert , Hinojosa Jim 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study examined the extent to which adherence to occupational therapy recommendations would increase the quality of life of persons with Alzheimer’s disease living in the community and decrease the burden felt by family members caring for them.
METHOD. Using a pretest–posttest control group design, the Assessment of Instrumental Function (AIF) was administered to two groups of persons with Alzheimer’s disease in their own homes (n = 40). Caregivers completed measures of their feelings of burden and the quality of life, including level of function of the persons with Alzheimer’s disease.
RESULTS. A significant (MANCOVA) main effect was obtained for caregiver burden and three components of quality of life, positive affect, activity frequency and self-care status, by the treatment group, F(4, 31) = 7.34, p &lt; .001.
CONCLUSIONS. Individualized occupational therapy intervention based on the person–environment fit model appears effective for both caregivers and clients. This is especially important in light of a recent directive for more favorable reimbursement for occupational therapy services for persons with dementia.
Functional Performance in Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Dolva Anne-Stine , Coster Wendy , Lilja Margareta 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to describe home and community functional performance in 5-year-old children with Down syndrome.
METHOD. In a cross-sectional study of 5-year-old children with Down syndrome in Norway (N = 43), functional performance was measured with the Norwegian translation of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Additional descriptive information related to health, disabilities, and function was also gathered.
RESULTS. The children showed a wide range of functional performance. Performance of self-care activities appeared most delayed on activities that required fine motor skills. Children appeared less affected in basic functional mobility skills. Parents’ identified their main concerns as language functioning and, for the children not yet toilet trained, the management of bladder and bowel control in relation to starting school.
CONCLUSION. The results provide baseline information regarding typical levels of functional performance in children with Down syndrome at 5 years of age. However, the broad range of functional performance across children indicates a need for caution in generalizing the results to an individual child.
As políticas públicas de saúde – SUS - como referência para o processo ensino-aprendizagem do enfermeiro
Authors: Lucchese Roselma , Vera Ivânia , Pereira Wilza Rocha 
Published: October 2010

doi: 10.5216/ree.v12i3.11144Diante do desafio posto para as Instituições de Ensino Superior em saúde para formar profissionais competentes para atuar no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) o objetivo deste artigo foi discutir o SUS como referência no processo de formação do enfermeiro, articulando com as Diretrizes Curriculares em Enfermagem (DCN/ENF). Utilizamos como referência recentes estudos que apontam para as potencialidades e fragilidades dos cursos de graduação neste processo de construção e aproximação. A articulação dos setores de educação com o da saúde é essencial para o alcance das mudanças na gestão e nas práticas de saúde. A partir de reais experiências e, em meio a desafios e entraves na prática educacional e da saúde, levantamos avaliações e posicionamentos que re-orientam os caminhos/instrumentos a serem pensados e utilizados na superação do distanciamento da formação do enfermeiro com a sua prática na SUS. Concluímos que tanto educadores, gestores e profissionais estão desafiados diante da necessidade do saber inovador das práticas pedagógicas articuladas com as diretrizes do SUS, que historicamente apresentam fatos assincrônicos; da diversidade de cenários de prática e da avaliação e recondução contínua da formação. Descritores: Pessoal de Saúde; Educação em Enfermagem; Políticas Públicas de Saúde; Programas de Graduação em Enfermagem.
A prática do enfermeiro na Estratégia Saúde da Família: o caso do município de Vitória/ES
Authors: Silva Vanezia Gonçalves , Motta Maria Catarina Salvador , Zeitoune Regina Célia Gollner 
Published: October 2010

doi: 10.5216/ree.v12i3.5278A Estratégia Saúde da Família tem ganhado notoriedade no plano nacional, contudo alguns entraves denotam ser um campo pérvio a pertinentes estudos e discussões, neste tocante o estudo teve como objetivo: caracterizar a prática do enfermeiro na Estratégia Saúde da Família de Vitória, Espírito Santo. Estudo de Caso foi o caminho metodológico escolhido, baseado em evidências quantitativas, sendo os dados tratados a partir de distribuição de frequência simples, com aplicação de questionário nos meses de agosto a novembro de 2006. Participaram como sujeitos voluntários desta pesquisa 34 enfermeiros, que compunham as equipes da Saúde da Família, após a anuência do estudo e que este atende a Resolução 196/96 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Os resultados demonstraram que a prática do enfermeiro é direcionada de acordo com ações pré-estabelecidas pelo Ministério da Saúde e Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Os dados evidenciam que os enfermeiros desempenham todas as ações minimamente preconizadas, todavia esta atuação parece não estar obtendo o suficiente impacto no que tange a prevenção de doenças e promoção da saúde, pois estão majoritariamente empenhadas nas ações curativas e administrativas. Limitações de cunho, organizacionais, estruturais e conceituais, foram citadas como principais fatores impeditivos para o desenvolvimento ideal das práticas de enfermagem. Descritores: Saúde Pública; Enfermagem em Saúde Pública; Programa Saúde da Família.
Single Molecule Sequencing with a HeliScope Genetic Analysis System
Authors: Thompson John F. , Steinmann Kathleen E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHelicos™ Single Molecule Sequencing (SMS) provides a unique view of genome biology through direct sequencing of cellular nucleic acids in an unbiased manner, providing both accurate quantitation and sequence information. Sample preparation does not require ligation or PCR amplification, avoiding the GC‐content and size biases observed in other technologies. DNA is simply sheared, tailed with poly(A), and hybridized to a flow cell surface containing oligo(dT) for sequencing‐by‐synthesis of billions of molecules in parallel. This process also requires far less material than other technologies. Gene expression measurements can be done using first‐strand cDNA‐based methods (RNA‐Seq) or using a novel approach that allows direct hybridization and sequencing of cellular RNA for the most direct quantitation possible. In this unit, principles and methods for using the Helicos® Genetic Analysis System are discussed. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 92:7.10.1‐7.10.14. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genome‐Wide Location Analysis by Pull Down of In Vivo Biotinylated Transcription Factors
Authors: He Aibin , Pu William T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRecent development of methods for genome‐wide identification of transcription factor binding sites by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) has led to novel insights into transcriptional regulation and greater understanding of the function of individual transcription factors. ChIP requires highly specific antibody against the transcriptional regulator of interest, and availability of suitable antibodies is a significant impediment to broader application of this approach. This limitation can be circumvented by tagging the transcriptional regulator of interest with a short bio epitope which is specifically biotinylated by the E. coli enzyme BirA. The biotinylated transcription factor can then be selectively pulled down on streptavidin beads under stringent conditions. This unit provides a detailed protocol for genome‐wide location analysis of in vivo biotinylated transcription factors by streptavidin pull‐down followed by high‐throughput sequencing (bioChIP‐seq). Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 92:21.20.1‐21.20.15. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.