bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Polymeric Systems for Nano‐Selective Counter Intervention in Virus Life Cycle
Authors: Serbin Alexander , Karaseva Ekaterina , Tsvetkov Vladimir , Alikhanova Olga , Rodionov Igor 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSelf assembly of viral biopolymers to nano‐complexes forming virions during virus delivery from infected cell and reverse disintegration to virus entry into new cells play a crucial role in viral life cycle and in viral diseases. Therefore artificial instruments for selective counter intervention into these processes are dramatically required for the high effective antiviral protection. Hybrid macromolecular systems (HMS) rationally integrating heterogeneous structure‐functional factors for selective recognition ‐ inhibition of viruses (nano‐objects) without detriment for cells (micro‐objects) can become a molecular basis for cardinal progress in this area. Here we discuss approaches to design and current experimental results of synthesis, and antiviral selectivity evaluations of the HMS, based on combinations of polyelectrolyte‐grafted components constructed on principles of mimicry and/or complementarity to viral targets or virus‐sensitive cell receptors. Particularly, the HMS generations strongly inhibiting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were created as platform to novel drug development against HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections.
Effect of Pre‐Existed Form I' on the Phase Transition of Isotactic Poly‐1‐butene Form III under High Pressure CO2
Authors: Li Lei , Liu Tao , Zhao Ling 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe CO2 plasticization effect on the isotactic poly‐1‐butene (iPB‐1) form III with pre‐existed minority form I' was investigated by using high‐pressure differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the form III melting peak moved to a lower temperature and the melting peak area of form II generated during heating decreased with the increased CO2 pressure. The solid‐solid transition of form III to I' in the iPB‐1 was mainly studied by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was claimed that the phase transition was a thermodynamic process and the pre‐existed form I' in form III inhibit the phase transition of form III into I'. The influence of the pre‐existed form I' on the melting behavior of the iPB‐1 was also studied by DSC. It was found that the form I' also suppressed the recrystallization of form II.
Synthesis and Characterization of Borax‐Polyimide for Flame Retardant Applications
Authors: Seckin Turgay , Köytepe Süleyman 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPolyamide‐borax composites were prepared from solution of polyimide and the borax using N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone as a solvent. The Polyimide‐borax composites films (PI‐BX) characterized by FTIR, SEM and x‐ray. The borax content significantly influences thermal behavior of the polymeric films, such as glass transition and decomposition temperatures of polyimide‐borax composites. The glass transition temperatures of the composites were higher than that of the original polyimide. The flammability properties of them were demonstrated by cone calorimeter and indicate that the borax composites have significantly decreased in heat release rate, and mass loss rate. The PI‐BX composites appears very good the flame retardant properties.
Influence of Proteins on the Mechanical Properties of Agro‐Based Materials
Authors: Terrié C. , Constantinescu V. , Leblanc N. , Saiter J.‐M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSummary: A new biodegradable thermoplastic material based on a wheat flour by‐product has been developed. The influence of protein content in wheat flour on the mechanical properties of the material has been investigated. For protein content between 4% and 10%, no influence of the protein content was evidenced, whereas beyond 10% w/w of proteins in the wheat flour, the mechanical properties of agro‐based materials decrease, thus confirming the advantage of using a wheat flour by‐product (i.e. with protein content below 8% w/w).
Accordion‐optimized DEPT experiments
Authors: Furrer Julien , Guerra Sebastiano , Deschenaux Robert 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this contribution, a pulse sequence is described for recording accordion‐optimized DEPT experiments. The proposed ACCORDEPT experiment detects a wide range of one‐bond coupling constants using accordion optimization. As a proof of concept, this strategy has been applied to a mesogen containing a large range of one‐bond 1JCH coupling constants associated with the various structural elements. The ACCORDEPT experiment afforded significant enhancements for the resonances with the larger 1JCH couplings, similar SNR for aliphatic resonances, but reduced SNR for aliphatic resonances as compared with the standard DEPT experiment. In addition, the ACCORDEPT is straightforward to implement, does not require any supplementary calibration procedures and can be used under automated conditions without difficulty by inexperienced users. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical and functional significance of α9β1 integrin expression in breast cancer: a novel cell‐surface marker of the basal phenotype that promotes tumour cell invasion
Authors: Allen Michael D , Vaziri Reza , Green Michael , Chelala Claude , Brentnall Adam R , Dreger Sally , Vallath Sabarinath , Nitch‐Smith Harriet , Hayward Jane , Carpenter Robert , Holliday Deborah L , Walker Rosemary A , Hart Ian R , Louise Jones J 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIntegrin α9β1 is a receptor for ECM proteins, including Tenascin‐C and the EDA domain of fibronectin, and has been shown to transduce TGFβ signalling. This study has examined the expression pattern of α9β1 in 141 frozen breast carcinoma samples and related expression to prognostic indices, molecular subtype and patient outcome. Effects of α9β1 on tumour cell migration and invasion were assessed using blocking antibody and gene transduction approaches. Integrin α9β1 localized to myoepithelial cells in normal ducts and acini, a pattern maintained in DCIS. A subset (17%) of invasive carcinomas exhibited tumour cell expression of α9β1, which related significantly to the basal‐like phenotype, as defined by either CK5/6 or CK14 expression. Tumour expression of α9β1 showed a significant association with reduced overall patient survival (p < 0.0001; HR 5.94, 95%CI 3.26–10.82) and with reduced distant‐metastasis‐free survival (p < 0.0001; HR 6.37, CI 3.51–11.58). A series of breast cancer cell lines was screened for α9β1 with the highly invasive basal‐like GI‐101 cell line expressing significant levels. Both migration and invasion of this line were reduced significantly in the presence of α9‐blocking antibody and following α9‐knockdown with siRNA. Conversely, migratory and invasive behaviour of α9‐negative MCF7 cells and α9‐low MDA MB468 cells was enhanced significantly by over‐expression of α9. Thus, α9β1 acts as a novel marker of the basal‐like breast cancer subtype and expression is associated with reduced survival, while its ability to promote breast cancer cell migration and invasion suggests that it contributes to the aggressive clinical behaviour of this tumour subtype. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber and hindered phenol composite. II. Characterization of hydrogen bonding
Authors: Cao Yuanyi , Mou Haiyan , Shen Fei , Xu Haiyan , Hu Guo‐Hua , Wu Chifei 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article reports on the relationship between the variation of hydrogen bonding and macroscopic properties of composites composed of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) and 3,9‐bis {1,1‐dimethyl‐2 [β‐(3‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐methylphenyl) propionyloxy] ethyl}‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxaspiro [5,5]‐undecane (AO‐80). Hydrogen bonding of the composites was studied by Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopies. FT‐IR spectra at room temperature revealed that the stretching vibration peak of OH and CO of AO‐80 red shifted with increasing AO‐80 content, whereas that of C≡N of HNBR blue shifted only when the AO‐80 content exceeded 10 parts per 100 resin (phr). At elevated temperatures, the shift was the opposite for CO and C≡N bands resulting from hydrogen bonding dissociation. In the UV spectra, the E2 band of benzene ring of AO‐80 exhibited two peaks differing in shape. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
The formation of β‐polypropylene crystals in a compatibilized blend of isotactic polypropylene and polyamide‐6
Authors: Zhang Rong Hua , Shi De An , Tsui Chi Pong , Tang Chak Yin , Tjong Sie Chin , Li Robert Kwok Yiu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCompatibilized polypropylene (PP)/polyamide (PA6) blends with and without β nucleating agent (β‐NA) are prepared, and are designated as Blend‐0.3 and Blend‐0, respectively. The melting and crystallization characteristic of the blends crystallized under different cooling rates and different crystallization temperatures are studied. It is observed that high β‐PP content can be developed in Blend‐0.3 only at slow cooling rates (<5°C/min), whereas high α‐PP content is formed at fast cooling rates. Isothermal crystallization analysis of Blend‐0 indicates that PA6 is an effective NA for α‐PP in the lower temperature range, whereas the α‐nucleating effect disappears in the higher temperature range. Blend‐0.3 can, therefore, be viewed as a system containing both α‐ and β‐NAs, simultaneously. PA6 is competing with β‐NA in inducing PP crystallization. Under the normal injection of Blend‐0.3, the melt will be cooled through the higher temperature that favors the effectiveness of β‐NA rapidly because of the faster cooling rate. However, the α‐nucleation effect from PA6 predominate at the lower temperature. This explains the difficulty in obtaining high β‐PP content in Blend‐0.3 from injection molding. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Enhancing mechanical properties of gel‐spun polyvinyl alcohol fibers by iodine doping
Authors: Uddin Ahmed Jalal , Narusawa Tatsuya , Gotoh Yasuo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHigh strength polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers with a conventional degree of polymerization of 1500 were prepared by doping iodine with PVA spinning solution. The iodine‐doped PVA (I‐PVA) aqueous solution was extruded into cold methanol that provides dark purple PVA‐iodine complex gel fibers. Only a small amount of iodine was required to enhance drawability and molecular orientation by reducing the interaction between PVA chains. An increase of ca. 10% in the maximum draw ratio of the doped fibers compared with that of undoped PVA translated into values for the tensile strength, 2.2 Giga‐Pascal (GPa), and initial modulus (47 GPa) that were more than 30% higher than those of the neat PVA fiber. Easier chain slippage of molecules in the amorphous segments of the I‐PVA fiber during drawing leads to increased orientation in these segments, which is believed to be the source of the improvements in mechanical properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation of polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) in a high‐throughput workflow
Authors: Majoros László I. , Dekeyser Bernard , Haucourt Nancy , Castelein Pieter , Paul Johan , Kranenburg Johannes M. , Rettler Erik , Hoogenboom Richard , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHigh‐throughput experimentation (HTE) represents a promising and versatile approach for polyurethane (PU) research as a tool to rapidly screen and characterize a large number of samples in an automated way. To realize a unique HTE workflow for the research and development of PU elastomers (PUEs), the use of parallel automated formulation and coating platforms at Flamac were explored. To evaluate the applicability of HTE for PUEs, four different PU systems were investigated with different reactivities and viscosities. All prepared PUEs were evaluated by conventional physical testing methods measuring the E‐modulus, tensile‐elongation and the hardness properties revealing similar trends as conventionally prepared PUEs indicating the viability of the HTE approach. In addition, the properties of the PUEs were also investigated using downscaled microtensile bars as well as depth‐sensing indentation, again, revealing similar trends. With this proof of principle study, we demonstrated for the first time that HTE can also be extended to polymeric materials based on high reactive and viscous raw materials in combination with complex technologies. The reported results provide a basis for the use of HTE approaches for preparing, screening and characterizing large numbers of PUEs for R&D purposes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Polyurethanes from polyols obtained by ADMET polymerization of a castor oil‐based diene: Characterization and shape memory properties
Authors: Rio E. Del , Lligadas G. , Ronda J. C. , Galià M. , Meier M. A. R. , Cádiz V. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe acyclic diene metathesis polymerization (ADMET) of 1,3‐di‐10‐undecenoxy‐2‐propanol, a castor oil based diene, is reported. 10‐Undecenol was used as renewable comonomer to end‐cap polymer chains and limit the molecular weight. The poly ols obtained in this way were reacted with 4,4′‐methylenebis(phenylisocyanate) (MDI) to yield a series of amorphous and semicrystalline polyurethane networks. The thermal stability and the thermomechanical and mechanical properties of these thermosets have been studied and showed good shape memory properties for the semicrystalline polymer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Proteomic analysis of multiple myeloma: Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Ge Feng , Bi Li‐Jun , Tao Sheng‐Ce , Xu Xu‐dong , Zhang Zhi‐Ping , Kitazato Kaio , Zhang Xian‐En 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell neoplasm that accounts for slightly more than 10% of all hematologic cancers and remains incurable. The major challenge remains the identification of better diagnosis and prognostic biomarkers. The advent of proteomic technologies creates new opportunities and challenges for those seeking to gain greater understanding of MM. Although there is a limited number of proteomic studies to date in MM, those performed highlight the potential impact of these technologies in our understanding of MM pathogenesis and the identification of novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we introduce the proteomic technologies available for the study of MM, summarize results of the published proteomic studies on MM, and discuss the novel developments and applications for the analysis of protein PTM in MM. The application of proteomic technologies will be valuable to better understand the pathogenesis of MM and may in the future open novel avenues in the treatment of MM.
The role of the local environment of engineered Tyr to Trp substitutions for probing the denaturation mechanism of FIS
Authors: Muñiz Virginia A. , Srinivasan Saipraveen , Boswell Sarah A. , Meinhold Derrick W. , Childs Tawanna , Osuna Robert , Colón Wilfredo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFactor for inversion stimulation (FIS), a 98‐residue homodimeric protein, does not contain tryptophan (Trp) residues but has four tyrosine (Tyr) residues located at positions 38, 51, 69, and 95. The equilibrium denaturation of a P61A mutant of FIS appears to occur via a three‐state (N2 ⇆ I2 ⇆ 2U) process involving a dimeric intermediate (I2). Although it was suggested that this intermediate had a denatured C‐terminus, direct evidence was lacking. Therefore, three FIS double mutants, P61A/Y38W, P61A/Y69W, and P61A/Y95W were made, and their denaturation was monitored by circular dichroism and Trp fluorescence. Surprisingly, the P61A/Y38W mutant best monitored the N2 ⇆ I2 transition, even though Trp38 is buried within the dimer removed from the C‐terminus. In addition, although Trp69 is located on the protein surface, the P61A/Y69W FIS mutant exhibited clearly biphasic denaturation curves. In contrast, P61A/Y95W FIS was the least effective in decoupling the two transitions, exhibiting a monophasic fluorescence transition with modest concentration‐dependence. When considering the local environment of the Trp residues and the effect of each mutation on protein stability, these results not only confirm that P61A FIS denatures via a dimeric intermediate involving a disrupted C‐terminus but also suggest the occurrence of conformational changes near Tyr38. Thus, the P61A mutation appears to compromise the denaturation cooperativity of FIS by failing to propagate stability to those regions involved mostly in intramolecular interactions. Furthermore, our results highlight the challenge of anticipating the optimal location to engineer a Trp residue for investigating the denaturation mechanism of even small proteins.
Identification of biochemical and putative biological role of a xenolog from Escherichia coli using structural analysis
Authors: Bhaskar Varun , Kumar Manoj , Manicka Sankar , Tripathi Sunil , Venkatraman Aparna , Krishnaswamy S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractYagE is a 33 kDa prophage protein encoded by CP4‐6 prophage element in Escherichia coli K12 genome. Here, we report the structures of YagE complexes with pyruvate (PDB Id 3N2X) and KDGal (2‐keto‐3‐deoxy galactonate) (PDB Id 3NEV) at 2.2Å resolution. Pyruvate depletion assay in presence of glyceraldehyde shows that YagE catalyses the aldol condensation of pyruvate and glyceraldehyde. Our results indicate that the biochemical function of YagE is that of a 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy gluconate (KDG) aldolase. Interestingly, E. coli K12 genome lacks an intrinsic KDG aldolase. Moreover, the over‐expression of YagE increases cell viability in the presence of certain bactericidal antibiotics, indicating a putative biological role of YagE as a prophage encoded virulence factor enabling the survival of bacteria in the presence of certain antibiotics. The analysis implies a possible mechanism of antibiotic resistance conferred by the over‐expression of prophage encoded YagE to E. coli. Proteins 2011, © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Manifestations of new χ(3)‐ and χ(2)‐nonlinear optical interactions and χ(2)‐properties of orthorhombic bis(guanidinium) zirconium bis(nitrilotriacetate) hydrate, [C(NH2)3]2Zr[N(CH2COO)3]2·H2O crystal
Authors: Kaminskii Alexander A. , Bayarjargal Lkhamsuren , Haussühl Eiken , Müller Nicole , Haussühl Siegfried , Eichler Hans J. , Rhee Hanjo , Ueda Ken‐ichi , Shirakawa Akira , Reider Georg A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUsing single‐ and dual‐wavelength coherent collinear picosecond pumping we observed in semi‐organic heterodesmic orthorhombic [C(NH2)3]2Zr[N(CH2COO)3]2·H2O manifestations of several new χ(3)‐ and χ(2)‐nonlinear optical effects, among them self‐frequency doubling, “Cherenkov”‐type second harmonic generation (SHG), cascaded self‐frequency tripling and self‐sum‐frequency generation, as well as more than two‐octave Stokes and anti‐Stokes generation under one‐micron excitation. All newly recorded nonlinear optical frequency components were identified and attributed to stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) promoting modes of the crystal. All three tensor components of the second order nonlinear optical susceptibility tensor (SHG tensor) were determined at the wavelength 1.064 µm using the Maker fringe technique. The maximal value of the SHG tensor is 0.6 pm V−1. SHG phase matching directions of type‐I/II and effective nonlinear susceptibilities are given for 0.7–1.4 µm fundamental wavelengths.
Integrated implementation of dynamic untyped object‐based operator overloading
Authors: Savidis Anthony 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOperator overloading, a popular mechanism in the C++ language, is a form of ad hoc polymorphism on operator functions, allowing alternative implementations for different argument types. Classless languages with untyped objects are languages that lack classes and treat all objects as compliant to a common Object type. Languages in this category are flexible, dynamic, and easy‐to‐use, with popular examples being JavaScript, Lua, and ActionScript (the latter being hybrid by also offering classes). This paper presents an integrated implementation of untyped operator overloading which enable users to handle dynamically the full range of operators on objects. The focus is on features not supported by other languages, such as (i) arithmetic and relational operators allowing to separately handle caller lhs and rhs positions; (ii) an assignment operator with an untyped analogy of type casting; (iii) a slot access operator allowing user‐defined policies for editing object slots; and (iv) a function‐call operator to support functors. Operators are treated as first‐class object slots, distinguished by reserved indices that match the respective operator lexemes. All reported techniques have been applied in implementing the operator overloading features of the Delta language. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The significance of the 27 February 2010 offshore Maule, Chile earthquake
Authors: Lew Marshall , Naeim Farzad , Carpenter Lauren D. , Youssef Nabih F. , Rojas Fabian , Saragoni G. Rodolfo , Adaros Macarena S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe 27 February 2010 Offshore Maule, Chile earthquake is one of the most significant seismic and earthquake engineering events for many reasons but especially for the study of the dynamic behaviour of tall buildings. Because the earthquake occurred on a subduction zone where the convergence of the Nazca plate with the South American plate occurs, there are similarities to large areas of North America with similar conditions such as the Cascadia subduction zone extending from Northern California to British Columbia; major metropolitan areas that could be affected by the Cascadia subduction zone include Portland, OR, Seattle, WA and Vancouver, BC. The abundance of tall buildings in Chile, particularly in Santiago, Viña del Mar and Concepción, allow for significant case histories into the behaviour of tall buildings in Chile, a country that has similar design and construction practices to the USA, where there is also an abundance of tall buildings in major population areas. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerographic measurements of the 27 February 2010 offshore Maule, Chile earthquake
Authors: Saragoni G. Rodolfo , Lew Marshall , Naeim Farzad , Carpenter Lauren D. , Youssef Nabih F. , Rojas Fabian , Adaros Macarena Schachter 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe mega earthquake of 27 February 2010, offshore Maule, Chile with moment magnitude of 8·8 is the fifth largest recorded earthquake in the world and, therefore, is considered to be a mega earthquake. This subduction interplate thrust earthquake occurred at the convergence of the Nazca (oceanic) plate with the South American continental plate. This type of earthquake affects the north‐western region of USA and Canada, as well as Alaska. Therefore, it is important to study the characteristics of the recorded accelerograms and their effects on the future behaviour of tall buildings in USA. Although the earthquake produced accelerographic records with very high ground motions in terms of peak ground accelerations and very long duration of ground shaking, the observed damage from this earthquake was more like the level of damage expected from a moment magnitude 8?0 rather than a moment magnitude of 8?8. This may be the result of asperities in the fault rupture surface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.