bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent topics related to nephrogenic systemic fibrosis associated with gadolinium‐based contrast agents
Authors: Kitajima Kazuhiro , Maeda Tetsuo , Watanabe Sanae , Ueno Yoshiko , Sugimura Kazuro 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a progressive, potentially fatal, multiorgan‐system fibrosing disease related to exposure of patients with renal failure to gadolinium‐based contrast agents used in magnetic resonance imaging. Between 1997 and 2007, more than 500 cases of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with severe renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) were reported, and no known cases of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis have occurred in patients with a glomerular filtration rate of more than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 without acute kidney injury. Additional major risk factors are use of high‐dose and specific gadolinium‐based contrast agents, a pro‐inflammatory state. Although the mechanism of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is unclear and there is no consistently‐effective therapy, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is an entity that can be eliminated by observing recent recommended guidelines for gadolinium‐based contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. This article reviews current knowledge about nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and focuses mainly on how to prevent it.
Long‐term effects of pancreaticoduodenectomy on glucose metabolism
Authors: You Dong‐Do , Choi Seong‐Ho , Choi Dong‐Wook , Heo Jin‐Seok , Ho Cheon‐Yu , Kim Woo‐Seok 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:  To analyse the association between pancreatogenic diabetes and the volume of the remnant pancreas after pancreaticoduodenectomy and to identify clinicopathologic factors correlated with pancreatogenic diabetes.Methods:  Among the patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenenctomy from 2003 to 2004, 55 patients who survived by 2009 and were able to measure the volume of the pancreas pre‐ and post‐operatively by CT volumetry were included in this study. Twelve patients had diabetes before surgery. Median follow‐up duration was 55.2 and 67.3 months for CT volumetry, pancreatogenic diabetes, respectively.Results:  Among 43 patients without preoperative diabetes, nine patients (21%) developed newly diabetes after surgery. Among 12 patients with diabetes, 10 patients had worsened glucose control. The immediate post‐operative Vol% was 46.5% and the last Vol% was 31.5% (P < 0.001). Preoperative diabetes, malignant pathology, absence of post‐operative pancreatic fistula, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were correlated with a lower Vol%. Atrophic changes were observed in 29 patients and hypertrophic changes in 13 patients. Comparative analysis according to the change in the Vol% revealed no differences in the clinicopathological factors associated with new‐onset pancreatogenic diabetes or aggravation of preoperative diabetes.Conclusions:  While some patients had a hypertrophic pancreas at the last follow‐up, which reflected the capacity for pancreatic regeneration and some factors were associated with a lower volume of the remnant pancreas, the volume of the remnant pancreas seem not to be associated with pancreatogenic diabetes. There were no clinicopathologic factors identified associated with the risk for pancreatogenic diabetes.
Intercostal catheter insertion: are we really doing well?
Authors: Alrahbi Rashid , Easton Ruth , Bendinelli Cino , Enninghorst Natalie , Sisak Krisztian , Balogh Zsolt J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroduction:  Intercostal catheters (ICC) are the standard management of chest trauma, but are associated with complications in up to 30%. The aim of this study was to evaluate errors in technique during ICC insertion to characterize the potential benefit of improved training programmes.Methods:  Prospective audit of all ICC in trauma patients at a level 1 trauma centre for over 12 months. Exclusions were pigtail catheters and ICC inserted during thoracic surgery. Errors were identified from patient examination and chest imaging; they were defined as insertional, positional, incorrect size (<28 French) and lack of antibiotic prophylaxis. Ongoing complications unrelated to an error in technique, for example blocked tube, were not analysed.Results:  Fifty‐seven patients received a total of 94 ICC during the study period. Patients were predominantly male (77%), mean age of 40 ± 20 years, mean injury severity score 27 ± 13, mean abbreviated injury scale chest 3.8 ± 0.72. 86% were blunt trauma and 14% penetrating chest injuries. Thirty‐six errors in technique occurred in 33 ICC insertions (38%). The most common errors were absence of prophylactic antibiotics (13%), ICC too far out (9%), kinked (6%) and wrong‐sized ICC (5%). Emergency had a significantly greater frequency of errors than other specialties (67%, relative risk 2.11, P= 0.002). The majority of ICC were inserted by registrars, and registrars made a greater number of errors than fellows or consultants (relative risk 2.00, P= 0.02).Discussion:  This study identified a large number of preventable errors for ICC insertion in trauma patients. Standardized institutional credentialing systems may be required to ensure adequate proficiency of trainees performing this procedure.
Mental health services for Aboriginal men: Mismatches and solutions
Authors: Isaacs Anton N. , Maybery Darryl , Gruis Hilton 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the perceptions of Aboriginal stakeholders as well as mental health personnel on improving Aboriginal men's access to mental health services. From January 2009 to June 2010, 23 semi‐structured interviews and three focus groups were conducted with 17 Aboriginal stakeholders and 29 mental health staff from a regional mental health service in Victoria. A qualitative description design was adopted and data were analysed thematically. Seven themes emerged from the data. Three themes focused on the mismatch between mainstream mental health service provision and the mental health needs of Aboriginal men. They include barriers to gaining entry into services, barriers to engagement with services, and staffing problems in the services. The remaining four themes related to possible solutions to improving men's access to services and included building men's confidence in services, developing relationships with the Aboriginal Community, enhancing flexibility of services, and strengthening the role of the Koori Mental Health Liaison Officer. The dual perspectives of Aboriginal stakeholders and service providers provide a more comprehensive picture of the ground realities concerning Aboriginal men's access to mental health services. The findings have implications for the provision of culturally sensitive mental health services for Aboriginal men.
Assessing the treatment effects in apraxia of speech: introduction and evaluation of the Modified Diadochokinesis Test
Authors: Hurkmans Joost , Jonkers Roel , Boonstra Anne M. , Stewart Roy E. , Reinders‐Messelink Heleen A. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract Background: The number of reliable and valid instruments to measure the effects of therapy in apraxia of speech (AoS) is limited.Aims: To evaluate the newly developed Modified Diadochokinesis Test (MDT), which is a task to assess the effects of rate and rhythm therapies for AoS in a multiple baseline across behaviours design.Methods: The consistency, accuracy and fluency of speech of 24 adults with AoS and 12 unaffected speakers matched for age, gender and educational level were assessed using the MDT. The reliability and validity of the instrument were considered and outcomes compared with those obtained with existing tests.Results: The results revealed that MDT had a strong internal consistency. Scores were influenced by syllable structure complexity, while distinctive features of articulation had no measurable effect. The test–retest and intra‐ and inter‐rater reliabilities were shown to be adequate, and the discriminant validity was good. For convergent validity different outcomes were found: apart from one correlation, the scores on tests assessing functional communication and AoS correlated significantly with the MDT outcome measures. The spontaneous speech phonology measure of the Aachen Aphasia Test (AAT) correlated significantly with the MDT outcome measures, but no correlations were found for the repetition subtest and the spontaneous speech articulation/prosody measure of the AAT.Conclusions & Implications: The study shows that the MDT has adequate psychometric properties, implying that it can be used to measure changes in speech motor control during treatment for apraxia of speech. The results demonstrate the validity and utility of the instrument as a supplement to speech tasks in assessing speech improvement aimed at the level of planning and programming of speech.
Mushroom body neuronal remodelling is necessary for short‐term but not for long‐term courtship memory in Drosophila
Authors: Redt‐Clouet Christelle , Trannoy Séverine , Boulanger Ana , Tokmatcheva Elena , Savvateeva‐Popova Elena , Parmentier Marie‐Laure , Preat Thomas , Dura Jean‐Maurice 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe remodelling of neurons during their development is considered necessary for their normal function. One fundamental mechanism involved in this remodelling process in both vertebrates and invertebrates is axon pruning. A well‐documented case of such neuronal remodelling is the developmental axon pruning of mushroom body γ neurons that occurs during metamorphosis in Drosophila. The γ neurons undergo pruning of larval‐specific dendrites and axons at metamorphosis, followed by their regrowth as adult‐specific dendrites and axons. We recently revealed a molecular cascade required for this pruning. The nuclear receptor ftz‐f1 activates the expression of the steroid hormone receptor EcR‐B1, a key component for γ remodelling, and represses expression of Hr39, an ftz‐f1 homologous gene. If ectopically expressed in the γ neurons, HR39 inhibits normal pruning, probably by competing with endogenous FTZ‐F1, which results in decreased EcR‐B1 expression. The mushroom bodies are a bilaterally symmetric structure in the larval and adult brain and are involved in the processing of different types of olfactory memory. How memory is affected in pruning‐deficient adult flies that possess larval‐stage neuronal circuitry will help to explain the functional role of neuron remodelling. Flies overexpressing Hr39 are viable as adults and make it possible to assess the requirement for wild‐type mushroom body pruning in memory. While blocking mushroom body neuron remodelling impaired memory after short‐term courtship conditioning, long‐term memory was normal. These results show that larval pruning is necessary for adult memory and that expression of courtship short‐term memory and long‐term memory may be parallel and independent.
Risk of subsequent tumour recurrence and stage progression in bacille Calmette‐Guérin relapsing non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Kikuchi Eiji , Shirakawa Hiroshi , Hayakawa Nozomi , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Ninomiya Akiharu , Miyajima Akira , Nakamura So , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: May 2012

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?So far, few previous reports have analysed the risk factors for tumour recurrence and stage progression with a special focus on BCG‐relapsing disease, defined as the recurrence after achieving a disease‐free status by initial BCG instillations for 6 months. There are no guidelines outlining a specific treatment strategy for BCG‐relapsing disease, although many BCG failure cases are attributable to BCG‐relapsing disease.In this study, additional BCG instillation was shown to decrease the subsequent tumour recurrence rate against BCG‐relapsing tumours with intermediate pathological risk features; however, a BCG‐relapsing tumour with a pathologically high risk was a significant risk factor for both subsequent tumour recurrence and stage progression. This information might identify a therapeutic strategy for BCG‐relapsing tumours.OBJECTIVE
To investigate the risk of subsequent tumour recurrence and stage progression in bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG)‐relapsing non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer, defined as recurrence after achieving a disease‐free status for 6 months.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 183 patients with BCG‐relapsing tumours were treated with conservative therapy between 1985 and 2008 at our three institutions.
We analysed the association between their clinicopathological parameters and subsequent tumour recurrence or stage progression.
RESULTS
Additional induction courses of BCG or anticancer drug (mitomycin C or epirubicin) instillations were performed in 119 patients and 24 patients, respectively. The remaining 40 patients did not undergo any adjuvant therapy.
Multivariate analysis showed that a relapsing tumour with a pathologically high risk (defined as tumours with G3 and/or pT1 and/or concomitant carcinoma in situ) was a significant risk factor for subsequent tumour recurrence (P= 0.002; hazard ratio [HR] 2.15). Additional BCG instillation significantly decreased the subsequent tumour recurrence rate (P < 0.001; HR 0.41).
Multivariate analysis also showed that a relapsing tumour with a pathologically high risk was also significantly associated with stage progression (P < 0.001; HR 8.05).
CONCLUSIONS
An additional course of BCG instillation might be effective in patients with BCG‐relapsing tumours with pathologically intermediate risk.
Nevertheless, some patients with high‐risk pathological features developed subsequent stage progression. Such patients should be followed up closely and counselled on the need for aggressive therapeutic options, such as radical cystectomy.
Cost per incident of alcohol‐related crime in New South Wales
Authors: BYRNES JOSHUA M. , DORAN CHRISTOPHER M. , SHAKESHAFT ANTHONY P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. The purpose of this paper is to provide a per incident of crime cost measure for New South Wales that is suitable for the use within cost‐effectiveness studies of interventions aimed at reducing the burden of alcohol. This paper seeks to quantify the individual cost of an assault, property damage, sexual offence and disorderly conduct in New South Wales.Design and Methods. Costs regarding the criminal act, police involvement, prosecution in criminal courts and incarceration are estimated and then using a four‐stage probability analysis, the expected cost per incident is calculated.Results. It is found that expected cost per incident for assault, sexual offence, property damage and disorderly conduct (in 2006 dollar values) is $3982, $5976, $1166 and $501 respectively.Discussion and Conclusions. A large total cost figure is a powerful policy motivator; however, for the purpose of economic analysis it is often more useful to estimate the per incident cost. This research furthers the existing research on cost of crime estimates and facilitates future cost‐effectiveness and other economic analysis of interventions that reduce alcohol‐related crime.[Byrnes JM, Doran CM, Shakeshaft AP. Cost per incident of alcohol‐related crime in New South Wales. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:854–860]
THE ‘WHO AND WHY’ OF LOTTERY: EMPIRICAL HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE SEMINAL ECONOMIC LITERATURE
Authors: Perez Levi , Humphreys Brad 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLotteries operate today in many countries around the world. This type of gambling is usually run by governments and is sometimes described as regressive. Lottery is an unfair bet, so explaining the purchase of lottery tickets by risk‐averse consumers has been a challenge for economic theory. Lotteries can be analysed from either of two economic perspectives: as a source of public revenue or as a consumer commodity. In this paper the state of economic research on lotteries is reviewed, focusing on its main empirical findings.
LOPSIDED REASONING ON LOPSIDED TESTS AND MULTIPLE COMPARISONS
Authors: Hurlbert Stuart H. , Lombardi Celia M. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryFor those who have not recognized the disparate natures of tests of statistical hypotheses and tests of scientific hypotheses, one‐tailed statistical tests of null hypotheses such as ∂≤ 0 or ∂≥ 0 have often seemed a reasonable procedure. We earlier reviewed the many grounds for not regarding them as such. To have at least some power for detection of effects in the unpredicted direction, several authors have independently proposed the use of lopsided (also termed split‐tailed, directed or one‐and‐a‐half‐tailed) tests, two‐tailed tests with α partitioned unequally between the two tails of the test statistic distribution. We review the history of these proposals and conclude that lopsided tests are never justified. They are based on the same misunderstandings that have led to massive misuse of one‐tailed tests as well as to much needless worry, for more than half a century, over the various so‐called ‘multiplicity problems’. We discuss from a neo‐Fisherian point of view the undesirable properties of multiple comparison procedures based on either (i) maximum potential set‐wise (or family‐wise) type I error rates (SWERs), or (ii) the increasingly fashionable, maximum potential false discovery rates (FDRs). Neither the classical nor the newer multiple comparison procedures based on fixed maximum potential set‐wise error rates are helpful to the cogent analysis and interpretation of scientific data.
Legitimizing Illegal Protest: The Permissive Ideational Environment and ‘Bossnappings’ in France
Authors: Parsons Nick 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn France, in 2009–2010, on several occasions, managers announcing redundancies were held hostage by workers. Public opinion polls show widespread support for the ‘bossnappers’, while the State did not taken action against them. Employing the insights of new institutionalism and social movement theory, this article explains the legitimization of such radical, illegal action through the notion of a permissive ideational environment resulting from a tradition of trade union militancy, pre‐existing concerns over globalization and more recent fears of, and government and trade union responses to, globalization and the current economic crisis.
Real‐Time Fluid Effects on Surfaces using the Closest Point Method
Authors: Auer S. , Macdonald C. B. , Treib M. , Schneider J. , Westermann R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe Closest Point Method (CPM) is a method for numerically solving partial differential equations (PDEs) on arbitrary surfaces, independent of the existence of a surface parametrization. The CPM uses a closest point representation of the surface, to solve the unmodified Cartesian version of a surface PDE in a 3D volume embedding, using simple and well‐understood techniques. In this paper, we present the numerical solution of the wave equation and the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations on surfaces via the CPM, and we demonstrate surface appearance and shape variations in real‐time using this method. To fully exploit the potential of the CPM, we present a novel GPU realization of the entire CPM pipeline. We propose a surface‐embedding adaptive 3D spatial grid for efficient representation of the surface, and present a high‐performance approach using CUDA for converting surfaces given by triangulations into this representation. For real‐time performance, CUDA is also used for the numerical procedures of the CPM. For rendering the surface (and the PDE solution) directly from the closest point representation without the need to reconstruct a triangulated surface, we present a GPU ray‐casting method that works on the adaptive 3D grid.
Multi‐Class Anisotropic Electrostatic Halftoning
Authors: Schmaltz C. , Gwosdek P. , Weickert J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractElectrostatic halftoning, a sampling algorithm based on electrostatic principles, is among the leading methods for stippling, dithering and sampling. However, this approach is only applicable for a single class of dots with a uniform size and colour. In our work, we complement these ideas by advanced features for real‐world applications. We propose a versatile framework for colour halftoning, hatching and multi‐class importance sampling with individual weights. Our novel approach is the first method that globally optimizes the distribution of different objects in varying sizes relative to multiple given density functions. The quality, versatility and adaptability of our approach is demonstrated in various experiments.
Improving Data Locality for Efficient In‐Core Path Tracing
Authors: Bikker J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the efficiency of ray queries on the CPU in the context of path tracing, where ray distributions are mostly random. We show that existing schemes that exploit data locality to improve ray tracing efficiency fail to do so beyond the first diffuse bounce, and analyze the cause for this. We then present an alternative scheme inspired by the work of Pharr et al. in which we improve data locality by using a data‐centric breadth‐first approach. We show that our scheme improves on state‐of‐the‐art performance for ray distributions in a path tracer.
Local Poisson SPH For Viscous Incompressible Fluids
Authors: He Xiaowei , Liu Ning , Li Sheng , Wang Hongan , Wang Guoping 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEnforcing fluid incompressibility is one of the time‐consuming aspects in SPH. In this paper, we present a local Poisson SPH (LPSPH) method to solve incompressibility for particle based fluid simulation. Considering the pressure Poisson equation, we first convert it into an integral form, and then apply a discretization to convert the continuous integral equation to a discretized summation over all the particles in the local pressure integration domain determined by the local geometry. To control the approximation error, we further integrate our local pressure solver into the predictive‐corrective framework to avoid the computational cost of solving a pressure Poisson equation globally. Our method can effectively eliminate the large density deviations mainly caused by the solid boundary treatment and free surface topological change, and show advantage of a higher convergence rate over the predictive‐corrective incompressible SPH (PCISPH).
Measuring Inflation Expectations Using Interval‐Coded Data*
Authors: Murasawa Yasutomo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTo quantify qualitative survey data, the Carlson–Parkin method assumes normality, a time‐invariant symmetric indifference interval, and long‐run unbiased expectations. These assumptions are unnecessary for interval‐coded data. In April 2004, the Monthly Consumer Confidence Survey in Japan started to ask households about their price expectations a year ahead in seven categories with partially known boundaries. Thus one can identify up to six parameters including an indifference interval each month. This paper compares normal, skew normal (SN), skew exponential power (SEP), and skew t (St) distributions, and finds that an St distribution fits the data well. The results help us to better understand the dynamics of heterogeneous expectations.
God, the Future, and the Fundamentum of History in Wolfhart Pannenberg
Authors: Blanco Carlos 
Published: May 2012

The aim of this article is to examine the relationship between Wolfhart Pannenberg's idea of God and his conception of history, with the intention of determining the precise nature of the link that, in his view, connects both philosophical and the theological reflection on the meaning of history.We shall first analyze Pannenberg's response to the traditional criticism of Christianity as an anthropomorphic projection of the human being. Then we shall pay attention to the features of any possible fundamentum of history. We will show that, according to Pannenberg, a transition from a philosophical into a theological consideration of history is needed in order to provide a rationally acceptable foundation for both the unity and the meaning of universal history.