bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A highly effective and selective male lure for Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Fay Harry A C 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBactrocera jarvisi (Tryon) is a moderate pest fruit fly particularly in northern Australia where mango is its main commercial host. It was largely considered non‐responsive to the known male lures. However, male B. jarvisi are attracted to the flowers of Bulbophyllum baileyi, Passiflora ligularis, Passiflora maliformis and Semecarpus australiensis and this paper describes an attempt to determine the attractive compounds in the latter two species through chemical analysis. At about the same time, zingerone was identified as a fruit fly attractant in the flowers of Bulbophyllum patens in Malaysia, and this led the author to speculate that it could be attracting B. jarvisi to the flowers of B. baileyi. Two long‐term traps, each with lures containing 2 g of liquefied zingerone and 1 mL maldison EC were established at Speewah, west of Cairns, in November 2001 and retained until April 2007. Over five complete years, 68 897 flies were captured, of which 99.6% were male B. jarvisi. Annual peaks in activity occurred between mid‐January and early February, when they averaged 1428.5 ± 695.6 (mean ± standard error) male B. jarvisi/trap/week. Very few B. jarvisi were caught between June and September. Among 12 other species of Bactrocera and Dacus attracted to zingerone were the previously non‐lure responsive Bactrocera aglaiae, a new species Bactrocera speewahensis, and the rarely trapped Dacus secamoneae. Four separate trials were conducted over 8‐ to 19‐week periods to compare the numbers and species of Bactrocera and Dacus caught by zingerone, raspberry ketone/cue‐lure or methyl eugenol‐baited traps. Overall, 27 different species of Bactrocera and Dacus were recorded. The zingerone‐baited traps caught 97.7–99.3% male B. jarvisi and no methyl eugenol responsive flies. Significantly more Bactrocera neohumeralis or Bactrocera tryoni were attracted to raspberry ketone/cue‐lure than to zingerone (P < 0.001). Zingerone and structurally related compounds should be tested more widely throughout the region.
Urinary proteome analysis for prostate cancer diagnosis: Cost‐effective application in routine clinical practice in Germany
Authors: Schiffer Eric , Bick Carsten , Grizelj Branko , Pietzker Stephan , Schöfer Wolfgang 
Published: November 2011

Objectives:  Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry urinary proteome analysis for prostate cancer has been shown to be highly accurate in the detection of prostate cancer. The aim of the present study was to report our experience with routine application of this test in clinical practice and its cost‐effectiveness.Methods:  The urinary proteome analysis for prostate cancer test was carried out in 211 patients in outpatient centers. In 184 of them, data about their follow up and the test results were available for analysis. Prostate cancer was detected in 49 cases.Results:  The test correctly recognized 42 out of 49 tumor patients, showing a sensitivity of 86% (95% confidence interval 73–94). Of 135 prostate cancer‐negative patients, 79 had a negative urinary proteome analysis for prostate cancer test (specificity 59% [79/135 95% confidence interval 50–66]). Negative and positive predictive values were 92% (95% confidence interval 84–96) and 43% (95% confidence interval 33–53), respectively. A statistically significant (P < 0.0005) improvement in terms of diagnostic accuracy was observed in comparison with serum prostate‐specific antigen and percent‐free prostate‐specific antigen. Whereas the urinary proteome analysis for prostate cancer test results agreed in 65.7% with follow‐up reference results, prostate‐specific antigen achieved 33.3% and percent‐free prostate‐specific antigen achieved 42.7%. Cost‐effectiveness analysis showed that the urinary proteome analysis for prostate cancer strategy outperformed the biopsy approach as well as prostate‐specific antigen tests.Conclusions:  The non‐invasive urinary proteome analysis for prostate cancer test appears to be a helpful addition to prostate cancer diagnostics for patients with suspicious prostate‐specific antigen and/or digital‐rectal examination.
Population screening for prostate cancer: An overview of available studies and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lumen Nicolaas , Fonteyne Valérie , De Meerleert Gert , Ost Piet , Villeirs Geert , Mottrie Alexandre , De Visschere Pieter , De Troyer Bart , Oosterlinck Willem 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe objective of the present review was to evaluate the effect of population‐based screening on the incidence of prostate cancer, prostate cancer tumor stage and grade, prostate cancer mortality, and overall mortality. A systematic review was carried out in April 2011, searching the Medline and Web of Science databases. The records were reviewed to identify comparative and randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of screening on prostate cancer. Eight trials were identified containing personalized data on a screened versus a non‐screened cohort. Prostate‐specific antigen and digital rectal examination were the main screening tools. Prostate‐specific antigen threshold and screening interval was not uniform among the different trials. Screening was associated with a significant increase in prostate cancer detection (relative risk 1.55; P = 0.002), and a significant shift towards more localized (relative risk 1.81; P = 0.01) and more low‐grade tumors (relative risk 2.32; P = 0.001). In overall analysis, no significant effect on prostate cancer mortality (relative risk 0.88; P = 0.18) and overall mortality (relative risk 0.90; P = 0.27) in favor of screening was observed. An adjusted analysis excluding papers with short follow up, high prostate‐specific antigen contamination in the non‐screening group and low participation in the screening group was able to show a significant reduction in prostate cancer mortality of 24%. The ideal screening strategy is unclear. Screening is associated with better PC detection and this in a more localized stage and of less aggressive tumors. Excluding the main shortcomings in screening studies (short follow up, high prostate‐specific antigen contamination in non‐screening group and low participation in screening group), screening is able to reduce prostate cancer mortality.
Information behaviour of Canadian pharmaceutical policy makers
Authors: Greyson Devon L. , Cunningham Colleen , Morgan Steve 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives:  Understanding the information behaviour of policy makers targeted by knowledge translation efforts is key to improving policy research impact. This study explores the reported information behaviour of pharmaceutical policy decision‐makers in Canada, a country highly associated with evidence‐based practice yet still facing substantial barriers to evidence‐informed health policy.Methods:  We conducted semi‐structured telephone interviews with a purposive sample of 15 Canadian pharmaceutical policy decision‐makers. Results of the descriptive, qualitative analysis were compared with the General Model of Information Seeking of Professionals (GMISP) proposed by Leckie, Pettigrew and Sylvain in 1996.Results:  Characteristics of information needs included topic, depth/breadth of questions and time sensitivity. Approaches to information seeking were variously scattershot, systematic and delegated, depending on the characteristics as well as respondent resources. Major source types were human experts, electronic sources and trusted organisations. Affective (emotion‐related) outcomes were common, including frustration and desire for better information systems and sources.Conclusions:  The GMISP model may be adapted to model information behaviour of Canadian pharmaceutical policy makers. In the absence of a dedicated, independent source for rapid‐response policy research, these policy makers will likely continue to satisfice (make do) with available resources, and barriers to evidence‐informed policy will persist.
Direct comparison of diagnostic performance of transient elastography in patients with chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Cardoso Ana‐Carolina , Carvalho‐Filho Roberto J. , Stern Christiane , Dipumpo Alexandrine , Giuily Nathalie , Ripault Marie‐Pierre , Asselah Tarik , Boyer Nathalie , Lada Olivier , Castelnau Corinne , Martinot‐Peignoux Michelle , Valla Dominique‐Charles , Bedossa Pierre , Marcellin Patrick 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground/AimsAccuracy of transient elastography (TE) in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has not been well established. We aimed to compare the performances of TE for the assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic HBV or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A secondary analysis was performed to assess whether or not alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels would impact on the accuracy of TE.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study, carried out in a single centre, included treatment‐naïve patients with compensated chronic HBV or HCV infection, consecutively admitted between 2006 and 2008 for a liver biopsy and TE measurement on the same day.ResultsA total of 202 HBV patients and 363 HCV subjects were evaluated. Overall diagnostic accuracy of TE in the HBV group was comparable to that observed in HCV patients [area under the receiver‐operating characteristics (AUROCs) 0.867 ± 0.026 vs. 0.868 ± 0.019 for predicting F ≥ 2, P = 0.975; 0.902 ± 0.029 vs. 0.894 ± 0.020 for F ≥ 3, P = 0.820; and 0.935 ± 0.024 vs. 0.947 ± 0.027 for F4, P = 0.740 respectively]. TE exhibited comparable accuracies, sensitivities, specificities, predictive values and likelihood ratios in HBV and HCV groups. AUROC analysis showed no influence of ALT levels on the performance of TE in HBV individuals. ALT‐specific cut‐off values did not exhibit significantly higher diagnostic performances for predicting fibrosis in HBV patients with elevated ALT.ConclusionsIn HBV patients, TE measurement accurately predicts the absence or presence of significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis and shows similar performances as compared to HCV patients. The use of TE cut‐off values adjusted to ALT level did not improve performances for estimating liver fibrosis in HBV patients.
Yellowish discoloration of dialyzer
Authors: Chiew Yeong‐Woei , Peng Sheng‐Jeng , Yang Chwei‐Shiun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA 43‐year‐old Chinese man with chronic viral hepatitis and end‐stage renal disease, receiving conventional hemodialysis for 6 years, presented with general malaise and abdominal fullness. After 4.5 hours of hemodialysis, the hollow fibers of the dialyzer turned yellow. Biochemistry studies showed hyperbilirubinemia. The actual serum bilirubin (7.4 mg/dL) could be proved. Abdominal echography survey was negative. Hyperbilirubinemia was secondary to acute exacerbation of chronic viral hepatitis. Anuria and skin hyperpigmentation in uremia lack the tea‐color urine and mask clinical jaundice in the presence of hyperbilirubinemia. Careful observation of dialyzer yellowish discoloration gave us timely discovery of patient's hyperbilirubinemia.
Polymer Precursor‐Based Preparation of Carbon Nanotube–Silicon Carbide Nanocomposites
Authors: Clark Michael D. , Walker Luke S. , Hadjiev Viktor G. , Khabashesku Valery , Corral Erica L. , Krishnamoorti Ramanan 
Published: November 2011

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were dispersed in a silicon carbide matrix to examine nanotube influence on mechanical properties of the resulting composite. The ceramic matrix was generated through high temperature conversion of poly(methylsilyne), a preceramic polymeric precursor. Nanotube alkylation was explored using two functionalization schemes: organic peroxide workup and alkyllithium displacement of fluorinated nanotubes, which promoted extensive mixing within precursor solutions, thereby ensuring nanotube dispersion within the polymer matrix while facilitating interfacial bonding. The former scheme was less effective at displacing inner nanotube shell bound fluorine and resulted in lower alkyl chain grafting density on the outer shell. Polymer nanocomposites were pyrolyzed and consolidated using an optimized spark plasma sintering scheme to generate fully densified ceramics. The pure polymer‐derived ceramic displayed exceptional Young's modulus and Vickers microhardness of 126 ± 12 and 9.6 ± 0.5 GPa, respectively, while maintaining a fracture toughness of 2.8 ± 0.3 MPa·m1/2. Increased sintering time further augmented the fracture toughness to 3.6 ± 0.4 MPa·m1/2, approaching the 4 MPa·m1/2 that characterizes pure silicon carbide, while maintaining both Young's modulus and microhardness. Nanotube addition resulted in some loss of the intrinsic mechanical properties, but enhanced monolith damage tolerance behavior, raising the Vickers indent force needed to induce cracks to an excess of 98.1 N in contrast to the pure polymer‐derived sample, which began crack propagation below 49.0 N.
Sensitized Yb3+ Luminescence of Eu3+/Yb3+‐Codoped Fluorosilicate Glass Ceramics
Authors: Luo Qun , Qiao Xvsheng , Fan Xianping , Fu Hengyi , Huang Jinglu , Zhang Yijun , Fan Bo , Zhang Xianghua 
Published: November 2011

Intense infrared emission of Yb3+ is reported for the Eu3+/Yb3+ co‐doped fluorosilicate glass ceramics. With annealing methods, cubic SrF2: Eu3+, Yb3+ nanocrystals are precipitated homogeneously in the glass ceramics. The incorporation of Eu3+ and Yb3+ in the SrF2 nanocrystal was confirmed by XRD patterns and emission spectra. Deriving from much closer distance between Eu3+ and Yb3+ ions in the nanocrystals, higher efficient energy transfer of Eu3+→Yb3+ (cross relaxation between Eu3+:5D0→7F6 andYb3+:2F5/2→2F7/2 transition or cooperative energy transfer from one Eu3+ ion to a couple of Yb3+ ions) and intense near infrared emission of Yb3+:2F5/2→2F7/2 transition are achieved in the glass ceramics. Both the quantum yield (QY) and the NIR emission intensity of the glass ceramics are enhanced, when compared with the precursor glasses. The maximum ET efficiency of Eu3+→Yb3+ is close to 60%, and the measured maximum QY of 980 nm emissions is 13%. It demonstrates the potential application of Eu3+/Yb3+ co‐doped glass ceramics in improving the efficiency of silicon solar cells.
Characterization and Luminescence Properties of YAG:Ce3+ Phosphors by Molten Salt Synthesis
Authors: Yang Huijuan , Zhu Guisheng , Yuan Le , Zhang Chi , Li Fengsheng , Xu Huarui , Yu Aibing 
Published: November 2011

The Y2.9Ce0.1Al5O12 (YAG: Ce3+) phosphors were successfully prepared via molten salt synthesis (MSS) method using the eutectic mixtures of NaNO2–KNO2 or NaCl–KCl as the flux. Using NaCl–KCl as the flux, Y3Al5O12 phase is formed above 1000°C, and the as‐prepared YAG: Ce3+ phosphor with 2 μm average particle size has good emission and excitation spectra. Using NaNO2–KNO2 as the flux, Y3Al5O12 phase can be formed at a temperature as low as 400°C, but the as‐prepared YAG: Ce3+ phosphor with 200 nm average particle size do not have obvious emission and excitation spectra, and after being annealed at 1100°C, the powder also has 200 nm average particle size but has stronger emission and excitation spectra. Compared with the commercial YAG: Ce3+ phosphor, the emission intensity of the phosphor prepared by MSS using NaNO2–KNO2 as the flux followed by calcination is a little low, but the latter has a smaller particle size, which will reduce the amount of phosphors utilized in white light‐emitting diodes.
Peripheral painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathies
Authors: Benoliel R , Kahn J , Eliav E 
Published: November 2011

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 317–332The aim of this article is to review the clinical, pathophysiological, and therapeutic aspects of traumatically induced trigeminal nerve pain. We introduce a new and, in our view, more accurate terminology: peripheral painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PPTTN) to define this patient group. The proposed pathophysiology of PPTTN is largely based on studies in spinal nerve injury models. However, trigeminal nerve injury studies have shown some subtle differences in response to physical and inflammatory insults, and these are discussed. The treatment of painful neuropathies is difficult and carries a poor prognosis. Based on the available literature on efficacy and side effects, we propose a treatment algorithm for traumatic trigeminal neuropathies.
Permanent and transient congenital hypothyroidism in preterm infants
Authors: Srinivasan Ramesh , Harigopal Sundeep , Turner Steve , Cheetham Tim 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  Transient fluctuations in thyroid function are well recognized in preterm infants. We wanted to assess TSH variation in babies with transient and permanent congenital hypothyroidism (CHT).Methods:  Whole bloodspot TSH data in preterm infants (<35 weeks; 2005–2010) were assessed, and infants with bloodspot TSH values >6 mU/L identified. Permanent CHT was defined as a requirement for thyroxine beyond 3 years of age.Results:  A first TSH sample was obtained from 5518 infants (median gestational age, 32 w; range, 22–35), with a second sample obtained from 5134 infants (median gestational age, 32 w; range, 22–35). Five infants had raised TSH concentrations on both occasions. Three of the five infants had a serum TSH >80 mU/L on second screen but two came off thyroxine beyond 3 years of age. All preterm babies with permanent or transient hypothyroidism were detected by the first TSH cut‐off of 6 mU/L. Only one infant with a birth weight <1500 g remains on thyroxine treatment beyond 2 years of age.Conclusions:  The incidence of permanent CHT in preterm infants is similar to term infants. Profound abnormalities of thyroid function can occur in preterm babies with transient hypothyroidism but both categories of hypothyroidism can be detected by a ‘once‐only’ TSH screening strategy with a relatively low cut‐off.
High tissue factor in lungs and plasma associates with respiratory morbidity in preterm infants
Authors: Palojärvi Anniina , Andersson Sture , Siitonen Sanna , Janér Cecilia , Petäjä Jari 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  In preterm infants, inflammation and intra‐alveolar fibrin formation characterize respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Tissue factor (TF) is a link between inflammation and coagulation pathways. We investigated the relationship between TF and cytokines in preterm infants to gain information of the role of TF in the inflammatory response.Methods:  We measured TF in plasma and in tracheal aspirates and analysed TF on monocytes by flow cytometry and 13 cytokines from plasma, in 56 preterm infants (birthweight 600–1500 g) during their first week.Results:  Plasma TF increased and peaked on day 3 and correlated with both RDS and inversely with paO2/FIO2. On day 1, TF in tracheal aspirates was 10‐fold higher than in plasma and correlated with plasma TF (4888 vs. 506 pg/mL, R = 0.692, p = 0.013, n = 12). Of main pro‐inflammatory cytokines, plasma TF correlated post‐natally with IL‐8 and IL‐6 but not with IL‐1 or TNF‐α.Conclusions:  Respiratory morbidity associates with high TF in lungs and plasma. In sick newborn infants, upregulation of TF may be mediated by IL‐6 and IL‐8. High TF and pro‐inflammatory cytokines may together participate in the pathogenesis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary injury in preterm infants through pro‐inflammatory mechanisms.
Two long Hi tails in the outskirts of Abell 1367
Authors: Scott T. C. , Cortese L. , Brinks E. , Bravo-Alfaro H. , Auld R. , Minchin R. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We present VLA D-array Hi observations of the RSCG 42 and FGC 1287 galaxy groups, in the outskirts of the Abell 1367 cluster. These groups are projected ∼1.8 and 2.7 Mpc west from the cluster centre. The Arecibo Galaxy Environment Survey provided evidence for Hi extending over as much as 200 kpc in both groups. Our new, higher resolution observations reveal that the complex Hi features detected by Arecibo are in reality two extraordinary long Hi tails extending for ∼160 and 250 kpc, respectively, i.e. among the longest Hi structures ever observed in groups of galaxies. Although in the case of RSCG 42 the morphology and dynamics of the Hi tail, as well as the optical properties of the group members, support a low-velocity tidal interaction scenario, less clear is the origin of the unique features associated with FGC 1287. This galaxy displays an exceptionally long ‘dog leg’ Hi tail, and the large distance from the X-ray-emitting region of Abell 1367 makes a ram-pressure stripping scenario highly unlikely. At the same time, a low-velocity tidal interaction seems unable to explain the extraordinary length of the tail and the lack of any sign of disturbance in the optical properties of FGC 1287. An intriguing possibility could be that this galaxy might have recently experienced a high-speed interaction with another member of the Coma–Abell 1367 Great Wall. We searched for the interloper responsible for this feature and, although we find a possible candidate, we show that without additional observations it is impossible to settle this issue. While the mechanism responsible for this extraordinary Hi tail remains to be determined, our discovery highlights how little we know about environmental effects in galaxy groups.
Randomized Comparison of Synchronous CABG and Carotid Endarterectomy vs. Isolated CABG in Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: The CABACS Trial
Authors: Knipp S. C. , Scherag A. , Beyersdorf F. , Cremer J. , Diener H.-C. , Haverich J. A. , Jakob H. G. , Mohr W. , Ose C. , Reichenspurner H. , Walterbusch G. , Welz A. , Weimar C. ,   for the CABACS Study Group
Published: November 2011

Rationale High-grade carotid artery stenosis is present in 6–8% of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Many cardiovascular surgeons advocate staged or synchronous carotid endarterectomy to reduce the high perioperative and long-term risk of stroke associated with multivessel disease. However, no randomized trial has assessed whether a combined synchronous or staged carotid endarterectomy confers any benefit compared with isolated coronary artery bypass grafting in these patients. Aims The objective of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting vs. synchronous coronary artery bypass grafting and carotid endarterectomy in patients with asymptomatic high-grade carotid artery stenosis. Design Coronary Artery Bypass graft surgery in patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis (CABACS) is a randomized, controlled, open, multicenter, group sequential trial with two parallel arms and outcome adjudication by blinded observers. Patients with asymptomatic high-grade carotid stenosis scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting will be assigned to either isolated coronary artery bypass grafting or synchronous coronary artery bypass grafting and carotid endarterectomy by 1 : 1 block-stratified randomization with three different stratification factors (age, gender, modified Rankin scale). Study The trial started in December 2010 aiming at recruiting 1160 patients in 25 to 30 German cardiovascular centers. The composite primary efficacy end point is the number of strokes and deaths from any cause (whatever occurs first) within 30 days after operation. A 4·5% absolute difference (4% compared to 8·5%) in the 30-day rate of the above end points can be detected with >80% power. Outcomes The results of this trial are expected to provide a basis for defining an evidence-based standard and will have a wide impact on managing this disease.