bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under hyperosmotic conditions using elementary mode analysis
Authors: Parmar Jignesh H , Bhartiya Sharad , Venkatesh K V 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Yeast metabolism under hyperosmotic stress conditions was quantified using elementary mode analysis to obtain insights into the metabolic status of the cell. The fluxes of elementary modes were determined as solutions to a linear program that used the stoichiometry of the elementary modes as constraints. The analysis demonstrated that distinctly different sets of elementary modes operate under normal and hyperosmotic conditions. During the adaptation phase, elementary modes that only produce glycerol are active, while elementary modes that yield biomass, ethanol, and glycerol become active after the adaptive phase. The flux distribution in the metabolic network, calculated using the fluxes in the elementary modes, was employed to obtain the flux ratio at key nodes. At the glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) node, 25% of the carbon influx was diverted towards the pentose phosphate pathway under normal growth conditions, while only 0.3% of the carbon flux was diverted towards the pentose phosphate pathway during growth at 1 M NaCl, indicating that cell growth is arrested under hyperosmotic conditions. Further, objective functions were used in the linear program to obtain optimal solution spaces corresponding to the different accumulation rates. The analysis demonstrated that while biomass formation was optimal under normal growth conditions, glycerol synthesis was closer to optimal during adaptation to osmotic shock.
Trophic structure of arthropods in Starling nests matter to blood parasites and thereby to nestling development
Authors: Wolfs Peter H. J. , Lesna Izabela K. , Sabelis Maurice W. , Komdeur Jan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNestling development and long-term survival in many bird species depend on factors such as parental feeding, time of breeding and environmental conditions. However, little research has been carried out on the effect of ectoparasites on nestling development, and no research on the impact of the trophic structure of arthropods inhabiting the nest (combined effects of ectoparasitic mites and predatory mites feeding on ectoparasites). We assess nestling development of European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in relation to the number of parasitic mites Dermanyssus gallinae (DG, a blood-sucking mite) and their predators, i.e. Androlaelaps casalis (AC), both dominant species of nidicolous arthropods in Starling nests. DG densities were not associated with nestling body mass or tarsus length during development (10 and 17 days of age), which contradicts our expectation that parasitic mites negatively influence growth. Furthermore, an increase in AC densities was associated with a significant decrease in body mass (not tarsus length) later during nestling development (at day 17—a proxy for nestling age—but not at day 10). The latter seems counterintuitive, but not when the inherent density-dependent delays in Lotka-Volterra predator–prey interactions are taken into account: a high density of predatory mites (AC) always arises after an increase of prey mites (DG). Thus, the high density of predatory mites indicates a preceding peak density of parasitic mites. Clearly, this explanation requires insight in the trophic structure of mites inhabiting Starling nests and bird nests in general. We conclude that multitrophic interactions (between predator, parasite and host) in nests should not be ignored when assessing nestling development.
Transcultural Diabetes Nutrition Therapy Algorithm: The Asian Indian Application
Authors: Joshi Shashank R. , Mohan V. , Joshi S. S. , Mechanick Jeffrey I. , Marchetti Albert 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIndia and other countries in Asia are experiencing rapidly escalating epidemics of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. The dramatic rise in the prevalence of these illnesses has been attributed to rapid changes in demographic, socioeconomic, and nutritional factors. The rapid transition in dietary patterns in India—coupled with a sedentary lifestyle and specific socioeconomic pressures—has led to an increase in obesity and other diet-related noncommunicable diseases. Studies have shown that nutritional interventions significantly enhance metabolic control and weight loss. Current clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are not portable to diverse cultures, constraining the applicability of this type of practical educational instrument. Therefore, a transcultural Diabetes Nutrition Algorithm (tDNA) was developed and then customized per regional variations in India. The resultant India-specific tDNA reflects differences in epidemiologic, physiologic, and nutritional aspects of disease, anthropometric cutoff points, and lifestyle interventions unique to this region of the world. Specific features of this transculturalization process for India include characteristics of a transitional economy with a persistently high poverty rate in a majority of people; higher percentage of body fat and lower muscle mass for a given body mass index; higher rate of sedentary lifestyle; elements of the thrifty phenotype; impact of festivals and holidays on adherence with clinic appointments; and the role of a systems or holistic approach to the problem that must involve politics, policy, and government. This Asian Indian tDNA promises to help guide physicians in the management of prediabetes and T2D in India in a more structured, systematic, and effective way compared with previous methods and currently available CPGs.
Family planning in Nigeria and prospects for the future
Authors: Mandara Mairo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNigeria, with its current demographics and without intervention, is set to double its population of 150 million people in 22 years. The government's population and health policies recognize family planning as a key intervention. However, unacceptably high unmet need for contraception exists in the country, which may indicate a lack of commitment for family planning. The 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey report shows that knowledge of any contraceptive method is widespread in Nigeria. Despite this knowledge, contraceptive prevalence is 15%. Knowledge of and actual use of contraceptives vary between states in the country and are influenced by sociodemographic factors. For family planning to move forward in Nigeria a joint effort is needed, with the government taking a leadership role in promoting the use of family planning and ensuring that stakeholders take individual responsibilities seriously.
Noninvasive Monopolar Capacitive‐Coupled Radiofrequency for the Treatment of Pain Associated With Lateral Elbow Tendinopathies: 1‐Year Follow‐up
Authors: Weber Tobias , Kabelka Bernd 
Published: February 2012

ObjectiveTo evaluate noninvasive monopolar capacitive‐coupled radiofrequency (mcRF) for the treatment of pain associated with lateral elbow tendinopathies.DesignProspective, single‐center, single‐arm, 1‐year follow‐up.SettingPrivate sports medicine practice.ParticipantsThirty‐nine consecutive patients with diagnosis of lateral elbow tendinopathy (including 3 bilateral cases, for a total of 42 elbows) participated in the study. All patients had been unsuccessfully treated with a variety of nonoperative therapies (eg, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, corticosteroid injections, and braces) for at least 3 months before they were enrolled in the study.InterventionPatients were treated with mcRF technology in the office without local anesthetic or any particular preparation. Anatomic landmarks and careful determination of the most tender point defined the area treated; rapid and precise mcRF pulses were delivered covering the area in a staggered fashion; and 10 additional pulses were delivered directly to the point of maximum tenderness (total of 100 pulses). Patients returned to activities of daily living without restriction and were instructed to avoid nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and/or ice over the treated area. Physical therapy or other treatment modalities were disallowed.ResultsThe presence of pain before enrollment ranged from 15 weeks to 2 years (average, 32 weeks). Visual analog scores at rest, with regular activity, and with triggering events were gathered at 3, 6, and 12 months. The Nirschl Tennis Elbow Questionnaire and patient satisfaction also were used to evaluate study outcomes. Follow‐up average was 423 days (range, 330‐487 days). On the basis of the study's multifactorial success criteria, 81% of participants had successful outcomes. Furthermore, 89% of the patients who completed the study were completely or moderately satisfied with the outcome.ConclusionsOutcomes of this study suggest that noninvasive mcRF may have a role in the treatment of pain associated with lateral elbow tendinopathies. The noninvasive nature of the procedure and the safety and efficacy suggested by this study may offer significant advantages over current treatment alternatives. Further research in the form of a randomized clinical trial is recommended.
Positive Effects of a Musculoskeletal Pain Rehabilitation Program Regardless of Pain Duration or Diagnosis
Authors: Persson Elisabeth , Lexell Jan , Eklund Mona , Rivano‐Fischer Marcelo 
Published: February 2012

ObjectivesTo investigate how sociodemographic and clinical factors are associated with psychosocial functioning and disability at admission to a musculoskeletal pain rehabilitation program and at 1‐year follow‐up.DesignA cohort pre‐post study.SettingA University hospital specialized pain rehabilitation unit.ParticipantsFive hundred nine participants with musculoskeletal pain (neck disorders, 29%; fibromyalgia, 24%; low back pain, 24%; myalgia, 14%; and other pain diagnoses, 8%).InterventionA 5‐week outpatient, group‐based, and goal‐oriented comprehensive musculoskeletal interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program based on cognitive behavioral principles.Main Outcome MeasuresThe Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI), the Disability Rating Index (DRI), and forms including sociodemographic factors (gender, age, ethnicity, marital status, educational level, and vocational situation) and clinical factors (pain duration and pain diagnoses). Data were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression.ResultsAt admission, factors associated with more positive scores on the MPI were being older than 40 years, being at work, being Nordic born, attainment of a higher educational level, and a diagnosis of fibromyalgia (compared with a neck disorder) (P < .05). Being at work and a diagnosis of fibromyalgia (compared with low back pain) were associated with more positive scores on the DRI (P < .05). On the basis of cut points for clinically important change on the MPI, participants rated themselves as most improved on the Affective Distress (52%), Life Control (49%), and Pain Severity (43%) subscales, and on the DRI index, the improvement rate was 22%. At the 1‐year follow‐up, neither sociodemographic nor clinical factors were associated with clinically important improvements of the MPI and the DRI, but younger age was related to deteriorations in pain severity.ConclusionsThe lack of an association between sociodemographic and clinical factors and psychosocial functioning and disability at a 1‐year follow‐up after a musculoskeletal pain rehabilitation program suggests that the program was effective regardless of the participants' initial characteristics, except for age. The changes at the 1‐year follow‐up indicate that the program influenced the participants' psychosocial functioning more than their perception of disability.
A VARIATIONAL McSHANE INTEGRAL CHARACTERISATION OF THE WEAK RADON–NIKODYM PROPERTY
Authors: KALIAJ SOKOL BUSH 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe present a characterisation of Banach spaces possessing the weak Radon–Nikodym property in terms of finitely additive interval functions whose McShane variational measures are absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure.
Objective predictors of delayed-onset post-traumatic stress disorder occurring after military discharge
Authors: Brewin C. R. , Andrews B. , Hejdenberg J. , Stewart L. 
Published: February 2012

BackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that develops after military personnel have been discharged may lead to severe impairment. We investigated whether personnel who develop PTSD after discharge can be identified by independent evidence of internalizing signs such as depression or of externalizing signs such as disciplinary offences while still serving.MethodVeterans in receipt of a war pension who only developed PTSD post-discharge were compared with matched veterans who developed PTSD in service or never suffered from PTSD. Contemporaneous medical and personnel records were searched for objective evidence of internalizing and externalizing disorder.ResultsService personnel who developed PTSD post-discharge were indistinguishable from controls with no PTSD on their psychiatric presentation in service. Those with post-discharge PTSD had significantly more disciplinary offences, specifically absence without leave, disobedience, and dishonesty, than the no-PTSD group, and this excess of offences was present before any exposure to trauma.ConclusionsThis is the first study to find objective evidence independent of self-report for the claimed link between externalizing disorder and vulnerability to PTSD. Early signs of externalizing disorders may play an important role in helping to identify service personnel at risk of PTSD after military discharge.
Aortic stiffness and flow-mediated dilatation in normotensive offspring of parents with hypertension
Authors: Evrengul Harun , Tanriverdi Halil , Kilic Ismail D. , Dursunoglu Dursun , Ozcan Emin E. , Kaftan Asuman , Kilic Mustafa 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectivesAlthough hypertension has been shown to be one of the most important risk factors for atherosclerosis, data about the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in normotensive offspring with parental history of hypertension are scarce. Accordingly, the current study was designated to evaluate flow-mediated dilatation and aortic stiffness, which are early signs of atherosclerosis in young subjects with parental history of hypertension.MethodsA total of 102 healthy, non-obese subjects in the age group of 18–22 years were included in this study and divided into two groups. The first group included 70 offspring of hypertensive parents and the second group included 70 offspring of normotensive parents as controls. In all subjects, endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatation of the brachial artery and aortic elastic parameters were investigated using high-resolution Doppler echocardiography.ResultsOffspring of hypertensive parents demonstrated higher values of aortic stiffness (7.1 plus or minus 1.88 and 6.42 plus or minus 1.56, respectively) but lower distensibility (9.47 plus or minus 1.33 and 11.8 plus or minus 3.36 square centimetres per dyne per 106) and flow-mediated dilatation (4.57 plus or minus 1.3 versus 6.34 plus or minus 0.83 percent, p equals 0.0001, respectively) than offspring of hypertensive parents.ConclusionWe observed blunted endothelium-dependent dilatation and aortic stiffness in offspring of hypertensive parents compared with offspring of hypertensive parents. This is evident in the absence of overt hypertension and other diseases, suggesting that parental history of hypertension is a risk for subclinical atherosclerosis and it may contribute to the progression to hypertension and overt atherosclerosis in later life.
Confronting the Challenge of Energy Governance
Authors: Gunningham Neil 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThere is a compelling argument for developing a low carbon emissions trajectory to mitigate climate change and for doing so urgently. What is needed is a transformation of the energy sector and an ‘energy revolution’. Such a revolution can only be achieved through effective energy governance nationally, regionally, and globally. But frequently such governance is constrained by the tensions between energy security, climate change mitigation and energy poverty. At national level, there is a chasm between what is needed and what governments do ‘on the ground’, while regionally and globally, collective action challenges have often presented insurmountable obstacles. The article examines what forms of energy law, regulation and governance are most needed to overcome these challenges and whether answers are most likely to be found in hierarchy, markets, or networks.
WITHDRAWN: Influence of Porous Media Heterogeneity on NAPL Dissolution Fingering and Upscaled Mass Transfer
Authors: Seyedabbasi M.A. , Farthing M.W. , Imhoff P.T. , Miller C.T. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe utility of existing models for describing upscaled mass transfer from non‐aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) were examined when preferential dissolution pathways form in NAPL‐contaminated zones. Such models are needed because the coarse discretizations often used in simulators cannot capture the details of local‐scale preferential dissolution pathways.Laboratory experiments were conducted in two well‐characterized, heterogeneous packings that differed only in the correlation lengths of the permeability field. Experimental results were used to validate a numerical simulator for capturing the growth of centimeter‐scale preferential NAPL dissolution patterns. Using data from these experiments and simulations, three methods for upscaling the mass transfer rate coefficient for NAPL dissolution [Imhoff et al., 2003; Saenton and Illangasekare, 2007; Christ et al., 2006] and an equilibrium stream tube model for predicting contaminant flux [Basu et al., 2008] were evaluated. These models account for the influence of dissolution fingering [Imhoff et al., 2003] or NAPL architecture [Saenton and Illangasekare, 2007; Christ et al., 2006; Basu et al., 2008] on contaminant flux from NAPL source zones, and were applied here to local‐scale preferential NAPL dissolution. When the correlation length of permeability perpendicular to the mean water flow direction was 6.0 cm, greater than the scale of the dissolution fingers, only 4.2% of the NAPL resided in pools. Dissolution fingers formed in this experiment and all models predicted effluent concentrations with similar accuracy, with root mean square errors (RMSE's) between 0.03 and 0.05. When the correlation scale was smaller (1.0 cm), 31.3% of the NAPL was in pools and preferential dissolution pathways were dominated by channeling, preferential dissolution caused by spatial variations in aqueous phase velocity and NAPL dissolution rates. For this experiment all models performed poorly, with RMSEs between 0.12 and 0.35. Dissolution fingering was important when the permeability correlation length was sufficiently large that dissolution finger formation was not disrupted and NAPL pools were not dominant.
H– beam transport experiments in a solenoid low energy beam transport
Authors: Gabor C. , Back J. J. , Faircloth D. C. , Izaola Z. , Lawrie S. R. , Letchford A. P. 
Published: February 2012

The Front End Test Stand (FETS) is located at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and aims for a high current, fast chopped 3 MeV H– ion beam suitable for future high power proton accelerators like ISIS upgrade. The main components of the front end are the Penning ion source, a low energy beam transport line, an radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and a medium energy beam transport (MEBT) providing also a chopper section and rebuncher. FETS is in the stage of commissioning its low energy beam transport (LEBT) line consisting of three solenoids. The LEBT has to transport an H– high current beam (up to 60 mA) at 65 keV. This is the injection energy of the beam into the RFQ. The main diagnostics are slit–slit emittance scanners for each transversal plane. For optimizing the matching to the RFQ, experiments have been performed with a variety of solenoid settings to better understand the actual beam transport. Occasionally, source parameters such as extractor slit width and beam energy were varied as well. The paper also discusses simulations based on these measurements.
PERMORY-MPI: a program for high-speed parallel permutation testing in genome-wide association studies
Authors: Steiß Volker , Letschert Thomas , Schäfer Helmut , Pahl Roman 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Summary: PERMORY is software for accelerated permutation testing of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We have parallelized PERMORY using the Message-Passing Interface resulting in a nearly linear speedup. Furthermore, we added accelerated analysis of GWAS using quantitative phenotypes, and an accurate estimation of the effective number of independent tests.
Availability and implementation: Free download from http://permory.org
Contact: rpahl@staff.uni-marburg.de; volker.steiss@mni.thm.de
GMD: measuring the distance between histograms with applications on high-throughput sequencing reads
Authors: Zhao Xiaobei , Sandelin Albin 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Summary: GMD (generalized minimum distance of distributions) is an R package to assess the similarity between spatial distributions of read-based sequencing data such as ChIP-seq and RNA-seq. GMD calculates the optimal distance between pairs of normalized signal distributions, optionally sliding one distribution over the other to ‘align’ the distributions. GMD also provides graphical and downstream clustering tools.
Availability: The R package GMD source code is available at http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GMD/ under GPL license
Contact: xiaobei@binf.ku.dk; mailto:albin@binf.ku.dk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.