bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male involvement in family planning and its association with knowledge and spouse discussion in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adane Bezawit , Kefale Bereket , Damtie Yitayish , Arefaynie Mastewal , Addisu Elsabeth , Dewau Reta , Mitiku Kefale , Tsega Tilahun Degu , Andualem Amare Agmas , Awoke Mahider , Asfaw Tezera , Wasihun Yitbarek , Yalew Melaku 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of male involvement in family planning (FP) and its association with knowledge and spouse discussion in Ethiopia.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines.Data sourcesThe study was conducted by the articles searched from different databases: (PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, HINARI and Google Scholar).Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesThis research encompassed investigations carried out within married couples in Ethiopia, specifically focusing on studies where male involvement in FP was the primary outcome. The inclusion criteria comprised studies with an observational study design, encompassing both published and unpublished works, conducted in the English language, with no restrictions on data collection and publication year.Data extraction and synthesisFollowing a systematic search of the articles, two independent authors assessed the quality of the studies, and data extraction was conducted using Microsoft Excel. The data analysis was performed by using STATA V.17. The overall level of male involvement in FP in Ethiopia was calculated using DerSimonian and Liard’s random-effect model, with a significance level set at a p<0.05. Heterogeneity was examined using the I2test, and Egger’s test was employed to assess publication bias.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of male involvement in FP in Ethiopia was 59.71% (95% CI (47.68% to 71.73%)). Good knowledge regarding FP (AOR 6.63, 95% CI (2.58 to 17.03)) and spouse discussion on FP (AOR 4.36, 95% CI (2.50 to 7.59)) were significantly associated with male involvement in FP.ConclusionsThe prevalence of male involvement in FP in Ethiopia was low as compared with other literature conducted outside Ethiopia. Both good knowledge and spouse discussion regarding FP were significantly associated with male involvement in FP. So, the government and healthcare providers should focus on interventions that could increase their knowledge through different media. In addition, encouraging couples to have a discussion regarding FP could be a recalled intervention for healthcare providers.
Consensus statements on the utility of defining ARDS and the utility of past and current definitions of ARDS—protocol for a Delphi study
Authors: Nasa Prashant , Bos Lieuwe D , Estenssoro Elisa , van Haren Frank MP , Serpa Neto Ary , Rocco Patricia RM , Slutsky Arthur S , Schultz Marcus J 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), marked by acute hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, has been defined in multiple ways since its first description. This Delphi study aims to collect global opinions on the conceptual framework of ARDS, assess the usefulness of components within current and past definitions and investigate the role of subphenotyping. The varied expertise of the panel will provide valuable insights for refining future ARDS definitions and improving clinical management.MethodsA diverse panel of 35–40 experts will be selected based on predefined criteria. Multiple choice questions (MCQs) or 7-point Likert-scale statements will be used in the iterative Delphi rounds to achieve consensus on key aspects related to the utility of definitions and subphenotyping. The Delphi rounds will be continued until a stable agreement or disagreement is achieved for all statements.AnalysisConsensus will be considered as reached when a choice in MCQs or Likert-scale statement achieved ≥80% of votes for agreement or disagreement. The stability will be checked by non-parametric χ2tests or Kruskal Wallis test starting from the second round of Delphi process. A p-value ≥0.05 will be used to define stability.Ethics and disseminationThe study will be conducted in full concordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and will be reported according to CREDES guidance. This study has been granted an ethical approval waiver by the NMC Healthcare Regional Research Ethics Committee, Dubai (NMCHC/CR/DXB/REC/APP/002), owing to the nature of the research. Informed consent will be obtained from all panellists before the start of the Delphi process. The study will be published in a peer-review journal with the authorship agreed as perICMJErequirements.Trial registration numberNCT06159465.
Neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer patients with microsatellite instability or deficient mismatch repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis study protocol
Authors: Liu Baike , Yin Xiaonan , Cai Zhaolun , Shen Chaoyong , Jiang Tianxiang , Han Yihui , Yin Yuan , Zhang Bo 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionWhether gastric cancer (GC) patients with deficient mismatch repair or microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) benefit from perioperative (neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant) chemotherapy is controversial. This protocol delineates the planned scope and methods for a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to compare the efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy with surgery alone in resectable dMMR/MSI-H GC patients.Methods and analysisThis study protocol is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols-P guideline. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane (CENTRAL), and the Web of Science databases will be searched, supplemented by a secondary screening of relevant records. Both randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies will be included in this study. The primary and secondary outcomes under scrutiny will be overall survival, disease-free survival and progression-free survival. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, extract data and assess the risk of bias. We will analyse different treatment settings (eg, neoadjuvant or adjuvant or combined as perioperative chemotherapies) separately and conduct sensitivity analyses.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is required for this systematic review and meta-analysis, as no individual patient data will be collected. The findings of our study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Prospero registration numberCRD42023494276.
Trends and projections in fall death in the Netherlands from 1990 to 2045
Authors: van der Naald Niels , Verbeek Frank , Baden David Nico , Verbeek Anna J M , Ham Wietske H W , Verbeek Jan , Brummelkamp Erik , Groenewoud Hans , Stolwijk-van Niekerk Catharina , Verbeek André 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundIncreasing life expectancy in high-income countries has been linked to a rise in fall mortality. In the Netherlands, mortality rates from falls have increased gradually from the 1950s, with some indication of stabilisation in the 1990s. For population health and clinical practice, it is important to foresee the future fall mortality trajectories.MethodsA graphical approach was used to explore trends in mortality by age, calendar period and cohorts born in the periods of 1915–1945. Population data and the numbers of people with accidental fall fatality as underlying cause of death from 1990 to 2021 were derived from Statistics Netherlands. Age-standardised mortality rates of unintentional falls per 100 000 population were calculated by year and sex. A log-linear model was used to examine the separate effects of age, period and cohort on the trend in mortality and to produce estimates of future numbers of fall deaths until 2045.ResultsWhile the total population increased by 17% between 1990 and 2021, absolute numbers of fall-related deaths rose by 230% (from 1584 to 5234), which was 251% (an increase of 576 deaths in 1990 to 2021 deaths in 2020) for men and 219% (from 1008 to 3213) for women. Age-standardised figures were higher for women than men and increased more over time. In 2020, 79% of those with death due to falls were over the age of 80, and 35% were 90 years or older. From 2020 to 2045, the observed and projected numbers of fall deaths were 2021 and 7073 for men (250% increase) and 3213 and 12 575 for women (291% increase).ConclusionMortality due to falls has increased in the past decades and will continue to rise sharply, mainly caused by growing numbers of older adults, especially those in their 80s and 90s. Contributing risk factors are well known, implementation of preventive measures is a much needed next step. An effective approach to managing elderly people after falls is warranted to reduce crowding in the emergency care and reduce unnecessary long hospital stays.
Axon guidance cue SEMA3A promotes the aggressive phenotype of basal-like PDAC
Authors: Lupo Francesca , Pezzini Francesco , Pasini Davide , Fiorini Elena , Adamo Annalisa , Veghini Lisa , Bevere Michele , Frusteri Cristina , Delfino Pietro , D'agosto Sabrina , Andreani Silvia , Piro Geny , Malinova Antonia , Wang Tian , De Sanctis Francesco , Lawlor Rita Teresa , Hwang Chang-il , Carbone Carmine , Amelio Ivano , Bailey Peter , Bronte Vincenzo , Tuveson David , Scarpa Aldo , Ugel Stefano , Corbo Vincenzo 
Published: April 2024

Objective
The dysregulation of the axon guidance pathway is common in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet our understanding of its biological relevance is limited. Here, we investigated the functional role of the axon guidance cue SEMA3A in supporting PDAC progression.

Design
We integrated bulk and single-cell transcriptomic datasets of human PDAC with in situ hybridisation analyses of patients’ tissues to evaluate SEMA3A expression in molecular subtypes of PDAC. Gain and loss of function experiments in PDAC cell lines and organoids were performed to dissect how SEMA3A contributes to define a biologically aggressive phenotype.

Results

In PDAC tissues, SEMA3A is expressed by stromal elements and selectively enriched in basal-like/squamous epithelial cells. Accordingly, expression of SEMA3A in PDAC cells is induced by both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic determinants of the basal-like phenotype.
In vitro
, SEMA3A promotes cell migration as well as anoikis resistance. At the molecular level, these phenotypes are associated with increased focal adhesion kinase signalling through canonical SEMA3A-NRP1 axis. SEMA3A provides mouse PDAC cells with greater metastatic competence and favours intratumoural infiltration of tumour-associated macrophages and reduced density of T cells. Mechanistically, SEMA3A functions as chemoattractant for macrophages and skews their polarisation towards an M2-like phenotype. In SEMA3A
high
tumours, depletion of macrophages results in greater intratumour infiltration by CD8+T cells and better control of the disease from antitumour treatment.

Conclusions
Here, we show that SEMA3A is a stress-sensitive locus that promotes the malignant phenotype of basal-like PDAC through both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms.
Novel transcriptomic panel identifies histologically active eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: Gueguen Emilie , Morsy Yasser , Mamie Céline , Schoepfer Alain , Saner Catherine , Biedermann Luc , Straumann Alex , Kreienbühl Andrea ,   Swiss EoE Cohort Study Group, Scharl Michael , Wawrzyniak Marcin 
Published: April 2024

Background and aims
Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is characterised by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and oesinophil tissue infiltration. The EoE Diagnostic Panel (EDP) can distinguish between active and non-active EoE using a set of 77 genes. Recently, the existence of distinct EoE variants featuring symptoms similar to EoE, such as oesophageal dysfunction but lacking eosinophil infiltration, had been determined.

Methods

We used oesophageal biopsies from patients with histologically active (n=10) and non-active EoE (n=9) as well as from healthy oesophageal controls (n=5) participating in the Swiss Eosinophilic Esophagitis Cohort Study (SEECS) and analysed the gene expression profile in these biopsies by total RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Moreover, we employed the publicly accessible RNA-seq dataset (series GSE148381) as reported by Greuter
et al
, encompassing a comprehensive genomic profile of patients presenting with EoE variants.

Results
A novel, diagnostic gene expression panel that can effectively distinguish patients with histologically active conventional EoE from patients with EoE in histological remission and control individuals, and from three newly discovered EoE variants was identified. Histologically Active EoE Diagnostic Panel (HAEDP) consists of 53 genes that were identified based on differential expression between histologically active EoE, histological remission and controls (p≤0.05). By combining the HAEDP with EDP, we expanded our knowledge about factors that may contribute to the inflammation in EoE and improved our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the disease. Conversely, we suggested a compact group of genes common to both HAEDP and EDP to create a reliable diagnostic tool that might enhance the accuracy of EoE diagnosis.

Conclusion
We identified a novel set of 53 dysregulated genes that are closely associated with the histological inflammatory activity of EoE. In combination with EDP, our new panel might be a valuable tool for the accurate diagnosis of patients with EoE as well as for monitoring their disease course.
Cross-sectional study of education and knowledge of unintentional injury prevention and postinjury response given by the parents or caregivers of children in Malvani slum area of Mumbai Suburban District, India
Authors: Sawant Dattaprasad Avinash , Kamble Neha Vishwas 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundChild injuries significantly impact health and development, shaping the nation’s future. With proper knowledge, parents or primary caregivers can effectively prevent, address, and treat these predictable injuries.MethodsFace-to-face interviews were conducted with 373 parents or primary caregivers of children under 14 years old in four randomly selected urban slum areas in Malwani, Mumbai Suburban District.ResultsOnly 30% of respondents had basic first aid knowledge, and merely 10% were aware of unintentional injuries, correlating significantly with parental literacy levels. However, most respondents demonstrated appropriate responses.ConclusionsParental or primary caregiver knowledge and response play a critical role in mitigating unintentional child injuries. Increasing awareness among parents and primary caregivers about injuries, their impact on child development and first aid is imperative.
Genetic evidence for splicing-dependent structural and functional plasticity in CASK protein
Authors: Patel Paras A , LaConte Leslie E W , Liang Chen , Cecere Thomas , Rajan Deepa , Srivastava Sarika , Mukherjee Konark 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundPontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) may present with supratentorial phenotypes and is often accompanied by microcephaly. Damaging mutations in the X-linked geneCASKproduce self-limiting microcephaly with PCH in females but are often lethal in males. CASK deficiency leads to early degeneration of cerebellar granule cells but its role in other regions of the brain remains uncertain.MethodWe generated a conditionalCaskknockout mice and deletedCaskubiquitously after birth at different times. We examined the clinical features in several subjects with damaging mutations clustered in the central part of the CASK protein. We have performed phylogenetic analysis and RT-PCR to assess the splicing pattern within the same protein region and performed in silico structural analysis to examine the effect of splicing on the CASK’s structure.ResultWe demonstrate that deletion of murineCaskafter adulthood does not affect survival but leads to cerebellar degeneration and ataxia over time. Intriguingly, damaging hemizygousCASKmutations in boys who display microcephaly and cerebral dysfunction but without PCH are known. These mutations are present in two vertebrate-specificCASKexons. These exons are subject to alternative splicing both in forebrain and hindbrain. Inclusion of these exons differentially affects the molecular structure and hence possibly the function/s of the CASK C-terminus.ConclusionLoss of CASK function disproportionately affects the cerebellum. Clinical data, however, suggest that CASK may have additional vertebrate-specific function/s that play a role in the mammalian forebrain. Thus, CASK has an ancient function shared between invertebrates and vertebrates as well as novel vertebrate-specific function/s.
Isomers in superheavy nuclei
Authors: Ackermann D. , Antalic S. , Heßberger F. P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIsomeric states in atomic nuclei are a well-known phenomenon all over the complete chart of nuclei. Their properties deliver valuable information on the structure of the nuclei. A region of specific interest are the very heavy and superheavy nuclei, where the occurrence and properties of isomeric states will have an impact on the prediction of localization and strength of the spherical superheavy proton and neutron shells. In this review, an overview of the present situation is given. Some specific features are discussed for selected examples.
Shaking Table Test Study of Dynamic Response and Failure Mode of Liquefiable Layer Slope Under Earthquake
Authors: Yang Bo , Dong Jianhua , Tian Wentong , He Pengfei , Guo Dingnan , Zhao Lvhua 
Published: April 2024

As a kind of special terrain, the landslide disaster generated by liquefiable layer slopes under earthquake has become a major engineering challenge due to its large scale and long slip distance. In order to study the seismic response and damage mode of liquefiable layer slope, this paper follows the research line of “geological generalization, physical modeling, and result analysis”, and takes the liquefiable layer slope in the upper reaches of the Yellow River Class secondary terrace as the object of study, generalizes the physical model of the slope, and carries out shaking table test. Based on the PGA amplification coefficient, Fourier analysis and HHT time–frequency characterization of the model slope, it was found that the PGA amplification coefficient increases gradually along the slope height, reaches the maximum value at the top of the liquefiable layer and then decreases gradually, which indicates that the liquefiable sand layer has an obvious energy dissipation effect, and on the horizontal direction of model slope is a tendency to the surface effect; the seismic waves at the discontinuous interface change drastically, and the Hilbert time–frequency spectrum transforms from multiple peaks to a single peak; with the increase of the intensity, the intrinsic frequency of the overall model decreases, and the high-frequency component within the liquefiable sand layer decreases from 5–15[Formula: see text]Hz to 0–5[Formula: see text]Hz, indicating that the liquefiable layer has a filtering effect; the damage process of the liquefiable layer slope is the tensile crack at the top of the slope — seismic subsidence at the top of the slope — the shear yielding at the angle of the slope — shear surface penetration at the slope face — overall slope instability and flow-slip damage. The research results will provide a reference for the study of the disaster mechanism of the liquefiable layer slope.
Toward Robust ASR System against Audio Adversarial Examples using Agitated Logit
Authors: Park Namgyu , Kim Jong 
Published: April 2024

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are vulnerable to audio adversarial examples, which aim at deceiving ASR systems by adding perturbations to benign speech signals. These audio adversarial examples appear indistinguishable from benign audio waves, but the ASR system decodes them as intentional malicious commands. Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of such attacks in simulated environments (over-line) and have further showcased the creation of robust physical audio adversarial examples (over-air). Various defense techniques have been proposed to counter these attacks. However, most of them have either failed to handle various types of attacks effectively or have resulted in significant time overhead.
In this article, we propose a novel method for detecting audio adversarial examples. Our approach involves feeding both smoothed audio and original audio inputs into the ASR system. Subsequently, we introduce noise to the logits before providing them to the decoder of the ASR. We demonstrate that carefully selected noise can considerably influence the transcription results of audio adversarial examples while having minimal impact on the transcription of benign audio waves. Leveraging this characteristic, we detect audio adversarial examples by comparing the altered transcription, resulting from logit noising, with the original transcription. The proposed method can be easily applied to ASR systems without requiring any structural modifications or additional training. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method exhibits robustness against both over-line and over-air audio adversarial examples, outperforming state-of-the-art detection methods.
Stool Protein Mass Spectrometry Identifies Biomarkers for Early Detection of Diffuse-type Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ho Chi-Lee C. , Gilbert Michael B. , Urtecho Guillaume , Lee Hyoungjoo , Drew David A. , Klempner Samuel J. , Cho Jin S. , Ryan Thomas J. , Rustgi Naryan , Lee Hyuk , Lee Jeeyun , Caraballo Alexander , Magicheva-Gupta Marina V. , Rios Carmen , Shin Alice E. , Tseng Yuen-Yi , Davis Jeremy L. , Chung Daniel C. , Chan Andrew T. , Wang Harris H. , Ryeom Sandra 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
There is a high unmet need for early detection approaches for diffuse gastric cancer (DGC). We examined whether the stool proteome of mouse models of gastric cancer (GC) and individuals with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) have utility as biomarkers for early detection. Proteomic mass spectrometry of the stool of a genetically engineered mouse model driven by oncogenic KrasG12D and loss of p53 and Cdh1 in gastric parietal cells [known as Triple Conditional (TCON) mice] identified differentially abundant proteins compared with littermate controls. Immunoblot assays validated a panel of proteins, including actinin alpha 4 (ACTN4), N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 2 (ASAH2), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), and valosin-containing protein (VCP), as enriched in TCON stool compared with littermate control stool. Immunofluorescence analysis of these proteins in TCON stomach sections revealed increased protein expression compared with littermate controls. Proteomic mass spectrometry of stool obtained from patients with HDGC with CDH1 mutations identified increased expression of ASAH2, DPP4, VCP, lactotransferrin (LTF), and tropomyosin-2 relative to stool from healthy sex- and age-matched donors. Chemical inhibition of ASAH2 using C6 urea ceramide was toxic to GC cell lines and GC patient-derived organoids. This toxicity was reversed by adding downstream products of the S1P synthesis pathway, which suggested a dependency on ASAH2 activity in GC. An exploratory analysis of the HDGC stool microbiome identified features that correlated with patient tumors. Herein, we provide evidence supporting the potential of analyzing stool biomarkers for the early detection of DGC.
Prevention Relevance: This study highlights a novel panel of stool protein biomarkers that correlate with the presence of DGC and has potential use as early detection to improve clinical outcomes.