bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Pool of Mobile Phosphorus in Offshore Soft Sediments of the Baltic Proper
Authors: Malmaeus J. Mikael , Karlsson O. Magnus 
Published: December 2011

Background Eutrophication is a major threat to many coastal ecosystems worldwide. This paper deals with the sediment-water exchange of phosphorus, one of the elements that may stimulate primary production in the aquatic environment. The lack of phosphorus-binding capacity in sediments at low redox-potential is recognized as an important mechanism for eutrophication-related effects in some areas. Methods Twelve sediment cores were collected in the Baltic Proper between 61 m and 175 m water depth and a number of phosphorus fractions were analyzed. Integrating the concentrations over the depth profiles, the amounts of mobile phosphorus were estimated in each core. Results It was found that sediments below the redox cline in the Baltic Proper contained small amounts of mobile phosphorus. The total amount of mobile phosphorus in the entire Baltic Proper sediments below 65 m water depth was estimated to between 55,000 tonnes and 156,000 tonnes or between less than 10% to around 25% of the phosphate in the system (water plus sediments). This represents the maximum amount of phosphorus that could possibly be released to the water column from these areas. We argue that the most reasonable estimate of the pool of mobile phosphorus in the sediments is the lower number. Conclusion The amounts of mobile phosphorus in sediment cores with oxidized surface layers were higher compared with sediment cores with reduced surfaces, indicating that there is a potential phosphorus-binding capacity in sediments below the redox cline if oxic conditions improved. Oxygenation of the Baltic Proper bottom water between 65 m and 100 m could probably remove around 100,000 tonnes of phosphorus from the water column and reduce phosphorus concentrations in the deep water by on average 30 mg/m3, which would possibly be felt also in the surface water.
Evolution d'une singularité de type cusp dans une poche de tourbillon
Authors: Danchin Raphaël 
Published: December 2011

We investigate the evolution of singularities in the boundary of a vortex patch for two-dimensional incompressible Euler equations. We are particularly interested in cusp-like singularities which, according to numerical simulations, are stable. In this paper, we first prove that, unlike the case of a corner-like singularity, the cusp-like singularity generates a lipschitzian velocity. We then state a global result of persistence of conformal regularity with respect to vector fields vanishing at a singular point, which generalizes the structure of cusp. This entails the stability of cusp-like structures for all time with conservation of the order of the cusp.

Résumé
Dans cet article, on étudie l'évolution de singularités dans la frontière de poches de tourbillon pour les équations de la mécanique des fluides incompressible en dimension deux. On s'intéresse en particulier aux singularités de type cusp qui, d'après des simulations numériques réecentes, semblent stables.
On prouve ici que le champ de vitesse engendré par une poche de tourbillon ayant un cusp est lipschitzien (ce qui n'est pas le cas pour une singularité de type coin par exemple). On établit alors un résultat de persistance globale en temps d'un certain type de régularité conormale du tourbillon par rapport à une famille de champs de vecteurs s'annulant en un point singulier et qui généralise la structure de cusp.
On en déduit en particulier la stabilité pour tout temps du cusp avec conservation de l'ordre d'effilement.
Paraproduit sur le groupe de Heisenberg et applications
Authors: Bahouri Hajer , Gallagher Isabelle 
Published: December 2011

We adapt the homogeneous Littlewood–Paley decomposition on the Heisenberg group constructed by H. Bahouri, P. Gérard and C.-J Xu in [4] to the inhomogeneous case, which enables us to build paraproduct operators, similar to those defined by J.-M. Bony in [5]; although there is no simple formula for the Fourier transform of the product of two functions, some spectral localization properties of the classical case are preserved on the Heisenberg group after the product has been taken. Using the dyadic decomposition and the paraproduct algorithm, we prove the Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequality on the Heisenberg group; the smoothness of solutions of subelliptic, semi-linear systems is also studied, as well as semi-linear wave equations.

Résumé
En adaptant au cas inhomogène la décomposition de Littlewood–Paley homogène sur le groupe de Heisenberg introduite par H. Bahouri, P. Gérard et C.-.J Xu dans [4] on construit des opérateurs de paraproduit analogues à ceux définis par J.-.M Bony dans [5]; malgré le fait que l'on ne dispose pas de formule simple pour la transformée de Fourier d'un produit des propriétés de localisation spectrale du cas classique sont préservées sur le groupe de Heisenberg après passage au produit. A partir du découpage dyadique et du paraproduit on démontre l'inégalité de Gagliardo–Nirenberg sur le groupe de Heisenberg et l'on étudie la régularité des solutions de systèmes sous-elliptiques semi-linéaires ainsi que des équations d'ondes semi-linéaires.
A Return on Investment Evaluation of the Citibank, N.A., Health Management Program
Authors: Ozminkowski Ronald J. , Dunn Rodney L. , Goetzel Ron Z. , Cantor Richard I. , Murnane Jan , Harrison Mary 
Published: December 2011

Objectives. Citibank, N.A., initiated a comprehensive health, demand, and disease management program in 1994, using program services offered by Healthtrac, Inc., of Menlo Park, California. Program components included an initial screening of employees, computerized triage of subjects into higher and lower risk intervention programs, extensive follow-up with the higher risk subjects, and general health education and awareness building. The objective of this study was to estimate the financial impact of this program on medical expenditures. Methods. A quasiexperimental design was applied comparing medical expenditures before vs. after the intervention for program participants and nonparticipants. The 22,838 subjects (11,194 program participants and 11,644 nonparticipants) were followed for an average of 38 months before and after administration of a Healthtrac health risk appraisal (HRA) instrument that triggered the start of the program. To adjust for selection bias to the extent possible with these data, multiple regression models were used to estimate the savings in medical expenditures associated with program participation. The resulting dollar savings were compared to program costs to estimate the economic return on the company's investment in the program. Results. The return on investment (ROI) was estimated to be between $4.56 and $4.73 saved per dollar spent on the program, depending on the discount rate applied. These results are similar to published evaluations of Healthtrac programs implemented with other populations. Conclusions. Despite limitations inherent in any retrospective observational study, the strong, positive ROI shown here suggests that a well-designed health management program (HMP), which focuses interventions on high risk populations, can result in monetary savings to an organization.
Ifluence of Yarn Texturing Technological Parameters and Fabric Structure on Tensile Properties of the Polipropylene Fabric
Authors: ABROMAVIČIUS Raimundas , LAURECKIENĖ Ginta , MILAŠIUS Rimvydas 
Published: December 2011

Tensile properties of the woven fabric are very important properties for upholstered furniture manufacturers. In this study the dependencies of tensile properties of the fabric on yarn air texturing parameters and fabric structure were investigated. It was found, that breaking force and elongation at break depends more on yarn structure, than on air pressure in the texturing jet. The difference of fabric elongation at break does not exceed 2 % and difference of fabric breaking force does not exceed 5 % when yarns of the same structure but produced with different air pressure in the texturing jet were used in weft. In the case when different structure yarn produced with same pressure in the texturing jet were used in weft, there were difference of breaking force and elongation at break up to 25 % stated. There were also investigated tendencies of tensile properties of fabric dependencies on fabric structure itself. It was stated that weave of the fabric influences elongation at break and breaking force of the fabric.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.2.488
Oriented Assembly of Gold Nanorods on the Single‐Particle Level
Authors: Kuemin Cyrill , Nowack Lea , Bozano Luisa , Spencer Nicholas D. , Wolf Heiko 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNon‐spherical colloidal nanoparticles have great potential for applications owing to their enhanced directional properties. However, the lack of methods to precisely assemble them on surfaces has hindered exploitation of their properties for planar devices. Here, the oriented assembly of short gold nanorods with lengths below 100 nm from colloidal suspensions is demonstrated. A locally induced phase transition confines the colloidal nanorods at a receding three‐phase contact line that is controllably moved over a nanostructured surface in a capillary assembly process. Dedicated topographical trapping sites allow for aligned assembly of the nanorods on the single‐particle level. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated by assembling nanorods into long‐range‐ordered, non‐close packed arrays that could serve as anti‐counterfeit labels by virtue of their distinct optical appearance in the far‐field. Furthermore, oriented nanorod dimers that are deterministically assembled have the potential to function as nano‐plasmonic antenna devices.
Synthesis of 9‐(4‐nitrophenylsulfonyl)‐9H‐carbazole: Comparison of an impedance study of poly[9‐(4‐nitrophenylsulfonyl)‐9H‐carbazole] on gold and carbon fiber microelectrodes
Authors: Ates Murat , Uludag Nesimi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this study, 9‐(4‐nitrophenylsulfonyl)‐9H‐carbazole (NPhSCz) monomer was chemically synthesized. The monomer characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, and melting point analysis. Two different electropolymerizations of NPhSCz were studied on a gold microelectrode (Au electrode) and carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) in a 0.1M sodium perchlorate (NaClO4)/acetonitrile solution. The electropolymerization experiments were done from 1 to 4 mM. The characterizations of two different modified electrodes of poly[9‐(4‐nitrophenylsulfonyl)‐9H‐carbazole] [poly(NPhSCz)] were performed by various techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The effects of the initial monomer concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4 mM) were examined by EIS. The capacitive behaviors of the modified electrodes were defined via Nyquist, Bode magnitude, Bode phase, and admittance plots. The variation of the low‐frequency capacitance (CLF) and double‐layer capacitance (Cdl) values are presented at different initial monomer concentrations. Poly(NPhSCz)/CFME was more capacitive (CLF = 6.66 F/cm2 and Cdl ≈ 28 mF) than the Au electrode (CLF = 6.53 F/cm2 and Cdl ≈ 20 mF). An equivalent circuit model of R[QR(CR)(RW)](CR), (R: Current, Q: Constant phase element, C: Double layer capacitance, W: Warburg impedance), was used to fit the theoretical and experimental data. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and Characterization of New Fluorescent Styrene‐Containing Carborane Derivatives: The Singular Quenching Role of a Phenyl Substituent
Authors: Ferrer‐Ugalde Albert , Juárez‐Pérez Emilio José , Teixidor Francesc , Viñas Clara , Sillanpää Reijo , Pérez‐Inestrosa Ezequiel , Núñez Rosario 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA set of neutral and anionic carborane derivatives in which the styrenyl fragment is introduced as a fluorophore group has been successfully synthesized and characterized. The reaction of the monolithium salts of 1‐Ph‐1,2‐C2B10H11, 1‐Me‐1,2‐C2B10H11 and 1,2‐C2B10H12 with one equivalent of 4‐vinylbenzyl chloride leads to the formation of compounds 1–3, whereas the reaction of the dilithium salt of 1,2‐C2B10H12 with two equivalents of 4‐vinylbenzyl chloride gives disubstituted compound 4. The closo clusters were degraded using the classical method, KOH in EtOH, to afford the corresponding nido species, which were isolated as tetramethylammonium salts. The crystal structure of the four closo compounds 1–4 were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction. All compounds, except 1, display emission properties, with quantum yields dependent on the nature of the cluster (closo or nido) and the substituent on the second Ccluster atom. In general, closo compounds 2–4 exhibit high fluorescence emission, whereas the presence of a nido cluster produces a decrease of the emission intensity. The presence of a phenyl group bonded to the Ccluster results in an excellent electron‐acceptor unit that produces a quenching of the fluorescence. DFT calculations have confirmed the charge‐separation state in 1 to explain the quenching of the fluorescence and the key role of the carboranyl fragment in this luminescent process.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Aza Analogues of Isoaltholactone and Goniothalesdiol – New Applications of the Heck–Matsuda Reaction (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 36/2011)
Authors: Moro Angélica Venturini , Rodrigues dos Santos Marcelo , Correia Carlos Roque D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows the Heck–Matsuda reaction as the key step in the total synthesis of the aza analogue of the natural product isoaltholactone, which was isolated from several species of Goniothalamus. The stereoselective synthesis of this aza analogue was accomplished by Heck–Matsuda arylation between a chiral endocyclic enecarbamate and benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate. This transformation not only forged the key carbon–carbon bond between the aryl group and the pyrrolidine moiety, but also placed the olefin functional group at the appropriate position for the construction of aza‐isoaltholactone. Moreover, the synthesis of a new nitrogen analogue of the natural compound goniothalesdiol was also accomplished by using an intermediate produced in the synthesis of aza‐altholactone, making the overall process more divergent. Details are discussed in the article by C. R. D. Correia et. al. on p. 7259 ff. magnified image
ON THE CARDINAL MEASUREMENT OF HEALTH INEQUALITY WHEN ONLY ORDINAL INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE ON INDIVIDUAL HEALTH STATUS
Authors: Lazar Adi , Silber Jacques 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper suggests new indices of health inequality which may be used when only ordinal information is available on individual health status. We borrow ideas from the literature on the measurement of occupational or residential segregation and show that indices of ordinal segregation which have been recently proposed may be also applied to the measurement of health inequality. We also prove that these indices satisfy four axioms introduced to measure inequality with ordered response health data so that the new indices presented in this paper are consistent with the inequality ordering proposed by Allison and Foster. We also suggest an extension of the family of indices proposed by Abul Naga and Yalcin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
JD‐C Model to Explain Burnout in Frontline Workers: The Useful Contribution of Emotional Demands
Authors: Castanheira Filipa , Chambel Maria José 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUsing the Job Demands‐Control (JD‐C) model as the theoretical framework, this study investigated the relationships among burnout, job demands, and autonomy. With a sample of 802 employees from a Portuguese bank, we demonstrated the importance of taking into account emotional job demands when studying the burnout of service providers. Thereby, the unique explanatory power of each emotional demand on burnout was tested with regression analysis, after controlling for the original demands and autonomy variables from the JD‐C model along with demographic variables. The results confirmed the relevance of the study model in explaining burnout and indicated that emotional dissonance was associated with employee burnout, beyond quantitative demands and autonomy. As expected, hierarchical regression analysis provided evidence for the main effects of quantitative demands, emotional dissonance, and autonomy on burnout. These findings have several implications for designing jobs involving interactions with clients. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Poly(amidoamine)‐based Dendrimer/siRNA Complexation Studied by Computer Simulations: Effects of pH and Generation on Dendrimer Structure and siRNA Binding
Authors: Karatasos Kostas , Posocco Paola , Laurini Erik , Pricl Sabrina 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this work we report, compare and discuss the results obtained from fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of generations 4, 5, and 6 of PAMAM‐based dendrimers having NH3 and triethanolamine as cores, forming complexes with a short interfering RNA (siRNA) at different pH values and at physiological ionic strength. By employing a detailed analysis we demonstrate how features such as molecular size, structural details, and protonation level of this category of dendrimers affect the dendrimer/siRNA complexation. Properties like the conformational flexibility of the dendrimer, the effective charge distribution of the assembly, and the level of intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the two molecular entities are all found to play a significant role in the mutual interactions between the nucleic acid and the hyperbranched molecules. All these features are of key importance in the multifaceted mechanism of dendrimer/gene complexation, and their understanding can provide valuable insight toward the design of more efficient nucleic acid nanocarriers.magnified image
Results from a strategic planning process: Benefits for a nonprofit organization
Authors: McHatton Patricia Alvarez , Bradshaw Wendy , Gallagher Peggy A. , Reeves Rebecca 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA nonprofit professional organization in education undertook a strategic planning process to address challenges, refine its mission and principles statement, and obtain feedback from the members in order to better meet their needs and move the organization forward in a cohesive and purposeful manner. Three key planning tools were used to collect data informing development of the new strategic plan. This article describes the design and implementation of these tools and reports key findings for each. We explain how we used the findings to inform revision of the mission statement and development of the strategic plan and discuss benefits of the process and implications for the future.
Surface instability of an encapsulated bubble induced by an ultrasonic pressure wave
Authors: Liu Yunqiao , Sugiyama Kazuyasu , Takagi Shu , Matsumoto Yoichiro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the shape stability of a nearly spherical bubble encapsulated by a viscoelastic membrane in an ultrasound field. To describe the dynamic balance on the bubble surface, the in-plane stress and the bending moment are incorporated into the governing equations for the perturbed radial flow of viscous incompressible fluid (Prosperetti, Q. Appl. Math., vol. 34, 1977, p. 339). The radial motion of the bubble is obtained by solving the Rayleigh–Plesset equation with elastic stress. The deflection therefrom is linearized and expanded with respect to the Legendre polynomial of order $k\geq 2$. Two amplitudes for each shape mode are introduced because the membrane moves not only in the radial direction but also in the tangential direction. The system with a boundary layer approximation is reduced to Mathieu’s equation. A simple expression for the natural frequency of the shape mode is derived, which is validated by direct numerical simulation. Stability diagrams for the higher-order shape mode are mapped out in the phase space of driving amplitude and frequency over a range of values of the elastic modulus of the membrane. The most unstable driving frequency is found to satisfy an integer multiple relationship of the form $2{\omega }_{k} / {\omega }_{d} = n$, due to the structure of Mathieu’s equation in the system. In addition to the resonance interaction, liquid viscosity plays an important role in the stability of the encapsulated bubble.
Computational design of a symmetric homodimer using β-strand assembly
Authors: Stranges P. Benjamin , Machius Mischa , Miley Michael J. , Tripathy Ashutosh , Kuhlman Brian 
Published: December 2011

Computational design of novel protein–protein interfaces is a test of our understanding of protein interactions and has the potential to allow modification of cellular physiology. Methods for designing high-affinity interactions that adopt a predetermined binding mode have proved elusive, suggesting the need for new strategies that simplify the design process. A solvent-exposed backbone on a β-strand is thought of as “sticky” and β-strand pairing stabilizes many naturally occurring protein complexes. Here, we computationally redesign a monomeric protein to form a symmetric homodimer by pairing exposed β-strands to form an intermolecular β-sheet. A crystal structure of the designed complex closely matches the computational model (rmsd = 1.0 Å). This work demonstrates that β-strand pairing can be used to computationally design new interactions with high accuracy.
Infliximab salvage therapy after failure of ciclosporin in corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis: a multicentre study
Authors: Chaparro M. , Burgueño P. , Iglesias E. , Panés J. , Muñoz F. , Bastida G. , Castro L. , Jiménez C. , Mendoza J. L. , Barreiro‐de Acosta M. , Gómez Senent S. , Gomollón F. , Calvet X. , García‐Planella E. , Gómez M. , Hernández V. , Hinojosa J. , Mañosa M. , Pérez Nyssen O. , Gisbert J. P. 
Published: December 2011

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 275–283SummaryBackground  Ciclosporin has proven to be effective in patients with corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). When therapy with this drug fails, infliximab can be considered to avoid colectomy. The efficacy and safety of this sequential approach remain unknown.Aim  To assess the efficacy and safety profile of treatment with infliximab after failure of ciclosporin in patients with a corticosteroid‐refractory flare of UC.Methods  Retrospective review of medical records of patients with a corticosteroid‐refractory flare of UC who did not respond to ciclosporin and received salvage therapy with infliximab within a month of discontinuing ciclosporin. The severity of the flare and response to the treatment were graded using the Lichtiger index. Cumulative rates of colectomy were calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of colectomy. To evaluate the safety profile of this treatment strategy, any adverse event occurring after the first infusion of infliximab was considered.Results  The study population comprised 47 patients with corticosteroid‐refractory UC treated with infliximab after failure of ciclosporin. The median baseline Lichtiger index was 13. The mean time from the last ciclosporin dose to the first infliximab infusion was 6 days. After the first infliximab infusion, 13% of patients achieved remission, and 74% partial response. Of the 35 patients who received the third infliximab infusion, 60% achieved remission, and 37% partial response. Fourteen patients (30%) underwent colectomy. The rate of adverse events was 23%. One death occurred in a 40‐year‐old man who failed ciclosporin and infliximab and underwent surgery 10 days after the first infliximab infusion; he died of nosocomial pneumonia.Conclusions  Treatment with infliximab makes it possible to avoid colectomy in two‐thirds of corticosteroid‐refractory UC patients in whom ciclosporin fails. However, the rates of adverse events and mortality mean that the decision to administer sequential therapy (ciclosporin–infliximab) should be taken on an individual basis.