bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Blood Glucose in the Absence of Hepatic Glucose Production During Prolonged Fasting in Mice
Authors: Mutel Elodie , Gautier-Stein Amandine , Abdul-Wahed Aya , Amigó-Correig Marta , Zitoun Carine , Stefanutti Anne , Houberdon Isabelle , Tourette Jean-André , Mithieux Gilles , Rajas Fabienne 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
Since the pioneering work of Claude Bernard, the scientific community has considered the liver to be the major source of endogenous glucose production in all postabsorptive situations. Nevertheless, the kidneys and intestine can also produce glucose in blood, particularly during fasting and under protein feeding. The aim of this study was to better define the importance of the three gluconeogenic organs in glucose homeostasis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We investigated blood glucose regulation during fasting in a mouse model of inducible liver-specific deletion of the glucose-6-phosphatase gene (L-G6pc−/− mice), encoding a mandatory enzyme for glucose production. Furthermore, we characterized molecular mechanisms underlying expression changes of gluconeogenic genes (G6pc, Pck1, and glutaminase) in both the kidneys and intestine.

RESULTS
We show that the absence of hepatic glucose release had no major effect on the control of fasting plasma glucose concentration. Instead, compensatory induction of gluconeogenesis occurred in the kidneys and intestine, driven by glucagon, glucocorticoids, and acidosis. Moreover, the extrahepatic action of glucagon took place in wild-type mice.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study provides a definitive quantitative estimate of the capacity of extrahepatic gluconeogenesis to sustain fasting endogenous glucose production under the control of glucagon, regardless of the contribution of the liver. Thus, the current dogma relating to the respective role of the liver and of extrahepatic gluconeogenic organs in glucose homeostasis requires re-examination.
IL-21 Is an Antitolerogenic Cytokine of the Late-Phase Alloimmune Response
Authors: Petrelli Alessandra , Carvello Michele , Vergani Andrea , Lee Kang Mi , Tezza Sara , Du Ming , Kleffel Sonja , Chengwen Liu , Mfarrej Bechara G. , Hwu Patrick , Secchi Antonio , Leonard Warren J. , Young Deborah , Sayegh Mohamed H. , Markmann James F. , Zajac Allan J. , Fiorina Paolo 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been shown to affect Treg/Teff balance. However, the mechanism by which IL-21 orchestrates alloimmune response and interplays with Tregs is still unclear.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The interplay between IL-21/IL-21R signaling, FoxP3 expression, and Treg survival and function was evaluated in vitro in immunologically relevant assays and in vivo in allogenic and autoimmune models of islet transplantation.

RESULTS
IL-21R expression decreases on T cells and B cells in vitro and increases in the graft in vivo, while IL-21 levels increase in vitro and in vivo during anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation/allostimulation in the late phase of the alloimmune response. In vitro, IL-21/IL-21R signaling (by using rmIL-21 or genetically modified CD4+ T cells [IL-21 pOrf plasmid–treated or hIL-21-Tg mice]) enhances the T-cell response during anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation/allostimulation, prevents Treg generation, inhibits Treg function, induces Treg apoptosis, and reduces FoxP3 and FoxP3-dependent gene transcripts without affecting FoxP3 methylation status. In vivo targeting of IL-21/IL-21R expands intragraft and peripheral Tregs, promotes Treg neogenesis, and regulates the antidonor immune response, whereas IL-21/IL-21R signaling in Doxa-inducible ROSA-rtTA-IL-21-Tg mice expands Teffs and FoxP3− cells. Treatment with a combination of mIL-21R.Fc and CTLA4-Ig (an inhibitor of the early alloimmune response) leads to robust graft tolerance in a purely alloimmune setting and prolonged islet graft survival in NOD mice.

CONCLUSIONS
IL-21 interferes with different checkpoints of the FoxP3 Treg chain in the late phase of alloimmune response and, thus, acts as an antitolerogenic cytokine. Blockade of the IL-21/IL-21R pathway could be a precondition for tolerogenic protocols in transplantation.
Lactation Intensity and Postpartum Maternal Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Resistance in Women With Recent GDM
Authors: Gunderson Erica P. , Hedderson Monique M. , Chiang Vicky , Crites Yvonne , Walton David , Azevedo Robert A. , Fox Gary , Elmasian Cathie , Young Stephen , Salvador Nora , Lum Michael , Quesenberry Charles P. , Lo Joan C. , Sternfeld Barbara , Ferrara Assiamira , Selby Joseph V. 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between breastfeeding intensity in relation to maternal blood glucose and insulin and glucose intolerance based on the postpartum 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results at 6–9 weeks after a pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We selected 522 participants enrolled into the Study of Women, Infant Feeding, and Type 2 Diabetes (SWIFT), a prospective observational cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Northern California members diagnosed with GDM using the 3-h 100-g OGTT by the Carpenter and Coustan criteria. Women were classified as normal, prediabetes, or diabetes according to American Diabetes Association criteria based on the postpartum 2-h 75-g OGTT results.

RESULTS
Compared with exclusive or mostly formula feeding (&gt;17 oz formula per 24 h), exclusive breastfeeding and mostly breastfeeding (≤6 oz formula per 24 h) groups, respectively, had lower adjusted mean (95% CI) group differences in fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) of −4.3 (−7.4 to −1.3) and −5.0 (−8.5 to −1.4), in fasting insulin (μU/mL) of −6.3 (−10.1 to −2.4) and −7.5 (−11.9 to −3.0), and in 2-h insulin of −21.4 (−41.0 to −1.7) and −36.5 (−59.3 to −13.7) (all P &lt; 0.05). Exclusive or mostly breastfeeding groups had lower prevalence of diabetes or prediabetes (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS
Higher intensity of lactation was associated with improved fasting glucose and lower insulin levels at 6–9 weeks’ postpartum. Lactation may have favorable effects on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity that may reduce diabetes risk after GDM pregnancy.
Design of Decision Service Using Cause-and-Effect Business Process Analysis
Authors: Levina Olga 
Published: October 2011

Design of Decision Service Using Cause-and-Effect Business Process AnalysisBusiness processes are executed according to a specific business logic that can be formulated as business rules. Often decisions are taken during the course of the process to fulfill conditions or exceptions leading to process variations. These decisions are meant to support business process operations and are composed of a set of business rules, additionally being based on a solid process relevant knowledge and know-how. These processes are here referred to as decision knowledge intensive processes. In this paper the question of how business rules and consequently operational decisions can be derived from the business process model is addressed. The therefore necessary business process analysis and decision identification are performed using the cause-and-effect approach. Service-oriented implementation of the found decisions is suggested and outlined.
The Presence of the Customer and the Supplier Perspectives in Studies on Software Development Project Success
Authors: Ahonen Jarmo , Savolainen Paula 
Published: October 2011

The Presence of the Customer and the Supplier Perspectives in Studies on Software Development Project SuccessA systematic literature review on software development project success/failure from customer's or supplier's perspective is presented. The review covers studies published in peer-reviewed journals only. The results show that knowledge on software development project success/failure is multidisciplinary and fragmented. In addition, there are very few studies that consider software development project success from the supplier's perspective. One of the main contributions of this article is the table of articles in which articles have been classified by the perspective which they discuss. Another contribution is the list of journals in which the accepted articles have been published. Moreover, these results show a clear lack in our understanding of software development project success in outsourcing situations.
Competence Orientation in Business Informatics International Master Program
Authors: Chauchat Jean-Hugues , Zolotaryova Iryna 
Published: October 2011

Competence Orientation in Business Informatics International Master ProgramThe need for competence-based approach in professional and educational standards is required by modern economy. Development and improvement of systems of different competences provides a link between education and training and labor market. The discussion on the current state and prospects of development of joint master's program in Business Informatics is being held. Hereby there is a suggestion on competencies description for the Business Informatics Curriculum based on descriptors. To realize the competence oriented model for masters' program it is suggested to mark out educational concepts through the type of courses in each discipline.
HOP (Humulus lupulus L.) Breeding Aimed at High Contents of Desmethylxanthohumol (DMX)
Authors: Nesvadba Vladimír , Krofta Karel , Polončíková Zděnka 
Published: October 2011

HOP (Humulus lupulus L.) Breeding Aimed at High Contents of Desmethylxanthohumol (DMX)
Three female plants (cultivars Agnus, Columbus and Admiral) and two male genotypes (99/14 and 00/6) were chosen for diallel breeding. The highest content of desmethylxanthohumol (DMX) was determined in the progenies of "Agnus x male 99/14 and 00/6", resp. However, the differences between the progenies were not statistically significant. Within combination breeding the highest content of DMX was found in genotypes originating from cultivar Vital. These progenies show higher contents of DMX than the other ones with 99% probability. In the second part of the breeding process aimed at high content of DMX we tested the hop gene pool as well as contemporary breeding material. In currently cultivated bitter hop cultivars the contents of DMX are low from 0.14 to 0.18% (Agnus, Magnum, Sládek, Dunav, Pioneer, etc.). New genotype with very high content of DMX (0.37, resp. 0.27%). In 2008 the first Czech hop cultivar (Vital) for pharmaceutical utilization was released. This variety shows high content of pharmaceutically needed compound, DMX (0.3-0.4% w/w). In comparison with other bitter cultivars of hops this content is 2-3xhigher.
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Problems and Substance Use Presentations to an Emergency Department
Authors: Bell Lisa , Stargatt Robyn , Bosanac Peter , Castle David , Braitberg George , Coventry Neil 
Published: October 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and referral pattern of children and adolescents with mental health problems, substance misuse and comorbidity presenting to the emergency department (ED) of a large public hospital. Method: A file audit of the ED information system was conducted over a 12 month period. Outcome measures included age, gender, diagnostic presentation, assessment, referral and disposal. Results: Forty-four substance misuse, 128 mental health and 82 comorbidity presentations were identified; 80% required treatment within 30 minutes. Few substance misuse cases were seen by mental health services and no substance misuse cases were referred for mental health service assessment. All mental health and comorbidity cases were seen by mental health services; 41% were referred to outpatient and 18% to inpatient services. Those with mental health problems displayed high levels of self-mutilation, and those with comorbidity displayed high levels of self-mutilation and substance misuse. Alcohol use was common in the substance misuse group, and over the counter or prescription medications were abused by the mental health and comorbidity groups. Conclusions: This age group places a high demand on the ED. All children and adolescents with recognized mental health symptoms were seen by mental health services, but those with substance misuse were not. Given the long-term problems associated with substance misuse, this is a missed opportunity for intervention.
The Conflict between Accountability and Confidentiality in Medicare's Access to Psychiatrists' Notes
Authors: Jewell Paul 
Published: October 2011

Objective: The aims of this paper were to identify a conflict between psychiatrists' obligations regarding patient confidentiality and Medicare's auditing procedures, and to examine potential resolutions to the conflict. Conclusion: While it is reasonable for Medicare, as a taxpayer-funded instrumentality, to require documentary evidence to substantiate and justify claims, such a requirement constitutes a significant breach of patient confidentiality. Obtaining patient consent appears to be the only ethical resolution of the issue.
Effects of aging and sheet thickness on the room temperature deformation behavior and in-plane anisotropy of cold rolled and solution treated Nimonic C-263 alloy sheet
Authors: Ankamma Kandula , Singh Ashok Kumar , Prasad Konduri Satya , Reddy Gangireddy Chandra Mohan , Komaraiah Methuku , Prasad Namburi Eswara 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The deformation behavior under uni-axial tensile loading is investigated and reported in the case of cold rolled Nimonic C-263 alloy sheet products of different thicknesses (0.5 mm and 1 mm) in the solution treated and aged conditions. The studies conducted include (i) Microstructure, (ii) X-ray diffraction, (iii) Texture and (iv) Tensile properties and in-plane anisotropy in the yield behavior (both tensile yield strength and ultimate tensile strength as well as ductility). The results of the present study showed that despite the presence of weak crystallographic texture in this crystal symmetric material, the degrees of in-plane anisotropy in strength as well as plastic deformation properties are found to be significant in both solution treated and aged conditions, thus having significant technological relevance for both further processing and design purposes. Further, the influence of aging and sheet thickness on the tensile deformation behaviour is also found to be considerable. A brief discussion on the technological implications of these results is also included.
Observation of early melting stages of an Al – Cu alloy in a temperature gradient
Authors: Fischer Stephanie , Rettenmayr Markus 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Homogeneous Al-3.7 wt.% Cu samples (Al solid solution) were (partially) melted by rapid heating in a steep temperature gradient and quenched immediately after the onset of melting. Traces of melting, particularly intragranular eutectic and θ-phase particles as well as intergranular eutectic and θ-phase layers, were observed in the quenched microstructure. The intragranular particles (mean diameter locally < 200 nm) represent former liquid droplets that nucleated as a consequence of some supersaturation of the Al solid solution. The intergranular layers represent former liquid films that nucleated at the grain boundaries. At temperatures slightly above the solidus temperature, segmentation of the film was observed. Concentration distributions measured using energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicate the migration direction of the film and the supersaturation as the driving force for migration.
Investigation of the dependence of structural and mechanical properties of cement-bonded bauxite refractories on their process conditions
Authors: Katsavou Ioanna D. , Krokida Magdalini , Ziomas Ioannis 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Properties such as density, porosity, shrinkage and compressive strength of bauxite refractories were investigated by selecting different bauxite grain size, water content, molding pressure and firing temperature. The stress – strain data were modeled using parameters such as maximum stress, maximum strain, elasticity and non linearity. Simple mathematical models were used to correlate the examined properties with production conditions and materials’ characteristics, through regression analysis. Thus, it was found that firing at 1 400 °C led to shrinkage, while low porosity and high maximum stress refractories are produced when increasing all production conditions. Maximum strain and the non-linearity parameter increase with temperature, while molding pressure increases only maximum strain. Finally, the elasticity parameter decreases with grain size and molding pressure.
Role of microalloying elements in the microstructure of hot rolled steels
Authors: Gómez Manuel , Medina Sebastián F. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
A comparative study of some of the most important effects of the diverse microalloying elements on austenite and ferrite microstructure of hot rolled microalloyed steels is carried out. The values of different aspects such as pinning and driving forces, size of precipitates, activation energies or diffusion coefficients are discussed. Titanium is the most effective element to control grain growth at high reheating temperatures and a weight Ti/N ratio close to 2 is recommended. Aluminum can help to control grain growth at medium temperatures, but its addition to Ti steels can promote abnormal grain growth. Niobium is the most effective element to inhibit static recrystallization of austenite, due to the adequate precipitation temperature range at deformation temperatures and the strong pinning effect of Nb carbonitrides. Finally, the preferential nucleation of intragranular ferrite on particles such as vanadium carbonitrides enhances the ferrite grain refinement.
Reticulate evolution in the Crepidomanes minutum species complex (Hymenophyllaceae)
Authors: Nitta Joel H. , Ebihara Atsushi , Ito Motomi 
Published: October 2011

• Premise of the Study: Hybridization is an important mechanism of speciation in plants and often results in complexes that comprise multiple sexual diploids and their hybrid offspring. However, the intricacy of these systems has prevented a thorough understanding of many groups. The Crepidomanes minutum species complex (Hymenophyllaceae) is a widely distributed, morphologically variable fern species complex. Although prior reports of apogamy and polyploidy suggest hybridization, it has never been the focus of a phylogenetic study.• Methods: Morphology, nuclear (gapCp), and chloroplast (rbcL) DNA sequences, cytology, field observation, and spore counts were used to infer phylogeny and trace hybrid origins.• Key Results: The C. minutum species complex is composed of at least three major clades: the African clade, clade 1 (East Asia and the Pacific), and clade 2 (Southeast Asia and the South Pacific). Clades 1 and 2 differ strikingly in morphological variation (uniform in clade 1 vs. highly variable in clade 2) and occurrence of hybrids (rare in clade 1 vs. frequent in clade 2). Apogamy and polyploidy were confirmed as likely mechanisms of hybrid stabilization in clade 2. Despite the large genetic distance between clades 1 and 2, several specimens were observed with gapCp sequences from both; diploid genome size and sexual reproduction indicate maintenance of genetic diversity via introgression or incomplete lineage sorting, rather than ongoing hybridization, in these specimens.• Conclusions: The C. minutum species complex is a reticulate network including multiple diploid lineages and their stabilized hybrid crosses. Additional sampling focused on reproductive mode and ploidy level is needed to delimit diploid species and hybrids.
T Cell-Signaling Network Analysis Reveals Distinct Differences between CD28 and CD2 Costimulation Responses in Various Subsets and in the MAPK Pathway between Resting and Activated Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Kalland Maria Elisabeth , Oberprieler Nikolaus Günter , Vang Torkel , Taskén Kjetil , Torgersen Knut Martin 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
To uncover signaling system differences between T cell stimuli and T cell subsets, phosphorylation status of 18 signaling proteins at six different time points following TCR triggering and CD28/CD2 costimulation was examined in human T cell subsets by phospho-epitope–specific flow cytometry of fluorescent cell barcoded samples, thereby providing a high-resolution signaling map. Compared with effector/memory T cells, naive T cells displayed stronger activation of proximal signaling molecules after TCR triggering alone. Conversely, distal phosphorylation events, like pErk and pS6-ribosomal protein, were stronger in effector/memory subsets. CD28 costimulation specifically induced signaling necessary for proper NF-κB activation, whereas CD2 signaled more strongly to S6-ribosomal protein. Analysis of resting regulatory T cells (rTregs; CD4+CD45RA+FOXP3+) and activated regulatory T cells (actTregs; CD4+CD45RA−FOXP3++) revealed that, although rTregs had low basal, but inducible, Erk activity, actTregs displayed high basal Erk phosphorylation and little or no Akt activation. Interestingly, the use of Mek inhibitors to block Erk activation inhibited activation-dependent FOXP3 upregulation in rTregs, their transition to actTregs, and the resulting increase in suppressive capacity. In summary, our systems approach unraveled distinct differences in signaling elicited by CD28 and CD2 costimulation and between rTregs and actTregs. Blocking rTreg transition to highly suppressive actTregs by Mek inhibitors might have future therapeutic applications.
Challenges and Potential of Local Loading of XML Ebooks
Authors: David Ravit H. , Sahebi Shahin Ezzat , Kawula Bartek , Jayasinghe Dileshni 
Published: October 2011

This paper is a summary of the experience of local loading of XML Ebooks on the Scholars Portal Ebook platform. It discusses the problems and potential of local loading that emerged from a pilot loading of over 500 titles; the first stage of this pilot was completed in February 2011. More specifically, the paper will review the difficulties encountered during the various stages of the loading, starting from loading files on our MarkLogic server, then the presentation of content via XSLT and ending with transforming the table of contents to achieve functionalities, such as lone-chapter downloading. We will also touch upon our web reader and the features developed to enhance the reading experience of XML Ebooks.
Our conclusion is that with the gradual increase in publishers’ switching from PDF to XML format, the need to have a standard for XML Ebooks increases, as well; local loading of XML Ebooks in their current format suggests that much programming work will be called for in order to arrive at the best presentation of the content.
Finally, we will suggest that once a satisfying web-based presentation of XML Ebooks is achieved, there will still be an urgent need to develop good readers in order to provide a friendly reading experience.
Including XSLT stylesheets testing in continuous integration process
Authors: Mercier Benoit 
Published: October 2011

XSLT stylesheets are just like any other programming language code units: they need to be written, debugged, refactored and tested. In these days of « Agility », refactoring and continuous integration play major roles in development process. How to assert that XSLT stylesheets refactoring are still producing correct outputs? How to early detect defects? This paper proposes a practical approach to include XSLT stylesheets testing in continuous integration process, based on XSpec, a Behavior Driven Development (BDD) framework for XSLT, and on Java helpers provided by Jxsl, a Java XSL code library.