bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birds of Berlin: Changes in communities and guilds in the urban park “Tiergarten” since 1850
Authors: Felgentreff Esther Sophie , Pernat Nadja , Buchholz Sascha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUrbanization has far‐reaching consequences on birds, and knowledge of the impacts on taxonomic and functional diversity is necessary to make cities as compatible as possible for species. Avian diversity in parks in urban centers has been investigated multiple times, but rarely so in long‐term studies due to lacking data. The Tiergarten in Berlin is a large‐scale park in the city center of great value for people and many species including birds. We compiled bird species lists since 1850 and from monitoring in 2022 in one dataset to investigate how bird communities and guilds have changed over time and how these alterations were influenced by the eventful history of the park's vegetation conditions. Long‐term changes in species assemblages were analyzed with an ordination analysis, and changes in guild presence and functional richness were discussed with regard to landscape transitions. A gradual development of species assemblages yet only small changes in guild composition since 1850 was detected, whereas the 1950 community stands out with a drop in species richness and replacement of forest species with an open land community, which reflects the deforestation of the park during World War II. Consideration of habitat, lifestyle, trophic, and migration guilds revealed no sign of functional homogenization over the last 172 years (1850–2022). Despite the high frequentation of the park by humans it still allows for a high bird diversity due to the Tiergarten's sheer size and heterogeneity of vegetation and habitats. We recommend that the park is maintained and managed accordingly to preserve this condition and advise other urban parks to strive for these beneficial features.
Effects of different hydrological conditions on the taxonomic structure and functional traits of mollusk communities in a large floodplain wetland
Authors: Zhang Yao , Datry Thibault , Zhang Qingji , Wang Xiaolong , Xiang Xianling , Gong Zhijun , Cai Yongjiu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFloodplain wetlands are critical to the conservation of aquatic biodiversity and the ecological integrity of river networks. However, increasing drought severity and frequency caused by climate change can reduce floodplain wetlands' resistance and recovery capacities. Mollusks, which are common inhabitants of floodplain wetlands, are among the most vulnerable species to drought. However, the response of mollusk communities to drought has received little attention. Here, we investigated how the structure and functional traits of mollusk communities changed in response to varying hydrological conditions, including a flash drought (FD) in the Poyang Lake floodplain wetland. Our findings showed that FD strongly reduced mollusk abundance and biomass, decreased both α‐ and β‐diversity, and resulted in the extinction of bivalve taxa. A sudden shift in community trait structure was discovered due to the extinction of many species. These traits, which include deposit feeding, crawling, scraping, aerial respiration, and dormancy, help mollusks survive in FD and tolerate completely dry out of their Changhuchi habitat. Finally, we discovered that dissolved oxygen was an important controlling variable for mollusk communities during drought. Our findings provide a scientific basis for the management and conservation of floodplain wetland biodiversity in the context of increasing drought frequency and intensity.
An Easily Accessible Chiral Carbodiphosphorane and its Coinage Metal Complexes
Authors: Dunaj Tobias , Krampe M.Sc.Chloé , Heinrichs B.Sc.Jasmin , Müller Fabian , Neumüller Bernhard , Xie Xiulan , Kuzu Istemi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHerin, the high yielding synthesis of the chiral carbodiphosphorane (3) prepared in a two‐step procedure from commercially available (R)‐BINAP (([1,1′‐binaphthalene]‐2,2′‐diyl)bis(diphenylphosphane), BINAP) and dibromomethane is presented. In the first reaction step, the bis phosphonium salt 1[Br]2 is obtained, which is subsequently deprotonated either with potassium hydroxide to yield the mono phosphonium salt 2[Br], or with potassium hexamethyldisilazide to produce 3. Moreover, coinage metal complexes of 3 were prepared via reaction with CuCl (4Cu, 5Cu, 6Cu), Cu(OTf)⋅toluene0.5 (7Cu) or AuCl ⋅ (tht) (5Au, 6Au). The prepared compounds were characterised by NMR‐ and IR‐spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, single crystal X‐ray diffraction and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Photoluminescence emission spectra were obtained for most of the complexes (3, 4Cu, 5Cu, 6Cu and 6Au).
Robot‐based 6D bioprinting for soft tissue biomedical applications
Authors: Albrecht Franziska B. , Schmidt Freia F. , Schmidt Christian , Börret Rainer , Kluger Petra J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWithin this interdisciplinary study, we demonstrate the applicability of a 6D printer for soft tissue engineering models. For this purpose, a special plant was constructed, combining the technical requirements for 6D printing with the biological necessities, especially for soft tissue. Therefore, a commercial 6D robot arm was combined with a sterilizable housing (including a high‐efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter and ultraviolet radiation (UVC) lamps) and a custom‐made printhead and printbed. Both components allow cooling and heating, which is desirable for working with viable cells. In addition, a spraying unit was installed that allows the distribution of fine droplets of a liquid. Advanced geometries on uneven or angled surfaces can be created with the use of all six axes. Based on often used bioinks in the field of soft tissue engineering (gellan gum, collagen, and gelatin methacryloyl) with very different material properties, we could demonstrate the flexibility of the printing system. Furthermore, cell‐containing constructs using primary human adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) could be produced in an automated manner. In addition to cell survival, the ability to differentiate along the adipogenic lineage could also be demonstrated as a representative of soft tissue engineering.
Treatment simplification to optimize cenobamate effectiveness and tolerability: A real‐world retrospective study in Spain
Authors: Rodríguez‐Uranga Juan Jesús , Sánchez‐Caro Juan María , Hariramani Ramchandani Roshan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the impact of co‐antiseizure medication (co‐ASM) optimization on the effectiveness and tolerability of adjunctive cenobamate (CNB) in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy in a real‐world setting.MethodsThis unicentric, retrospective, observational study included adults with focal‐onset seizures who had received ≥2 previous ASMs. The main effectiveness endpoints included responder rates and seizure frequency reduction at 3, 6, and 12‐month visits. The number of co‐ASMs and defined daily dose (DDD) were analyzed at every visit. Safety endpoints included adverse drug reactions (ADRs).ResultsThirty‐four patients with a median epilepsy duration of 22 years and a median of 15.5 seizures/month were analyzed. The median number of prior ASMs was 12, and the mean number of co‐ASMs was 2.9 (SD 1). There was a reduction in seizure frequency/month from baseline to the last visit (p < 0.0001). Between baseline and the end of the study, the mean number of co‐ASMs in the per‐protocol (PP) population was reduced from 2.9 to 1.6 (p < 0.0001), and DDD was reduced from 3.6 to 1.4 (p < 0.0001). Sodium channel blockers (carbamazepine and lacosamide) and GABAergic drugs (clobazam) were the agents with the most significant reductions in DDD after 12 months. The percentage of patients in the PP population with ≥3 co‐ASMs was reduced from 61.8% at baseline to 14.3% at 12 months; 1 patient was receiving CNB as monotherapy at the last visit. At the last visit, 85.7% of the PP population were ≥50% responders, and 33.3% were seizure‐free. The percentage of patients with ADRs in the PP population was 71.9% at 3 months and 52.3% at 12 months.SignificanceFollowing rational polytherapy, optimization of co‐ASM management during CNB treatment allowed high seizure freedom rates despite meaningful reductions in co‐medication, while also achieving both good tolerability and patient satisfaction scores in a highly drug‐resistant population.Plain Language SummaryMany patients with epilepsy still have seizures, even after being treated with several different epilepsy drugs. In this study of 34 patients from a Spanish clinic, we show that the epilepsy drug cenobamate can reduce the number of seizures in these patients, even after many other epilepsy drugs have failed. We also show that patients treated with cenobamate can reduce the dose or even stop taking certain other epilepsy drugs. This allows them to simplify their treatment and reduce adverse effects while still keeping control of their epilepsy.
The importance of corner frequency in site‐based stochastic ground motion models
Authors: Su Maijia , Dabaghi Mayssa , Broccardo Marco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSynthetic ground motions (GMs) play a fundamental role in both deterministic and probabilistic seismic engineering assessments. This paper shows that the family of filtered and modulated white noise stochastic GM models overlooks a key parameter—the high‐pass filter's corner frequency, . In the simulated motions, this causes significant distortions in the long‐period range of the linear‐response spectra and in the linear‐response spectral correlations. To address this, we incorporate as an explicitly fitted parameter in a site‐based stochastic model. We optimize by individually matching the long‐period linear‐response spectrum (i.e., for ) of synthetic GMs with that of each recorded GM. We show that by fitting the resulting stochastically simulated GMs can precisely capture the spectral amplitudes, variability (i.e., variances of ), and the correlation structure (i.e., correlation of between distinct periods and ) of recorded GMs. To quantify the impact of , a sensitivity analysis is conducted through linear regression. This regression relates the logarithmic linear‐response spectrum () to 7 GM parameters, including the optimized . The results indicate that the variance of observed in natural GMs, along with its correlation with the other GM parameters, accounts for 26% of the spectral variability in long periods. Neglecting either the variance or correlation typically results in an important overestimation of the linear‐response spectral correlation.
Probabilistic life‐cycle environmental impact of conventional and emerging steel frames in seismic zones
Authors: Ping Boyan , Fang Cheng , Chen Jason Ziqiang , Wang Jiawei , Osofero Adelaja Israel , Ping Yiwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive framework for life‐cycle carbon emission assessment of steel frame structures in seismic zones, with a particular focus on emerging self‐centering steel structures with reduced residual deformation and enhanced seismic resilience. The proposed framework is illustrated through a life‐cycle embodied carbon (EC) emission study on an office building located at Los Angeles, USA. Different structural bracing systems are considered for comparison, namely, conventional concentrically braced frame (CBF), bucking‐restrained braced frame (BRBF), and self‐centering braced frames (SCBFs). The life cycle assessment (LCA) of EC emissions mainly involves four phases: (1) components manufacturing phase, (2) construction phase, (3) operation and maintenance phase, and (4) EC emissions related to seismic hazard. For the last stage, the engineering demand parameter (EDP) is obtained through incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), and combined with the fragility function and the seismic risk curve to obtain the expected EC emissions related to seismic hazard over the life cycle. Among other findings, the results show that: (1) In the manufacturing process, the EC emissions of the emerging SCBFs are slightly increased (by up to 1.4%) compared with the two other conventional steel frames. (2) During the construction, operation, and maintenance phases, there is no difference in the EC emissions for the different structural systems. (3) The EC emissions related to potential seismic risk are reduced by up to 65.3% when the proposed self‐centering structural system (P‐SCBF) is used. (4) Compared with the CBF, the total EC emission over a 100‐year lifespan can be reduced by up to 14.6% when the P‐SCBF is used. Due to the limited deformation capacity of braces, the EC emissions of CBF and BRBF are more sensitive to increases in the intensity measure (IM). Since a building becomes difficult to repair when the maximum residual inter‐story drift exceeds 0.5%, BRBF and CBF are more susceptible to demolition due to unacceptable residual deformation, leading to higher EC emissions. The EC reduction efficiency of the emerging steel frames become more remarkable with increasing life span.
Stability control of goaf‐driven roadway surrounding rock under interchange remaining coal pillar in close distance coal seams
Authors: Wang Chengshuai , Yao Huimiao , Huang Yucheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe roadway surrounding rock stability under the influence of interchange remaining coal pillar in close distance coal seams is one of the key factors affecting the coal mines safe and efficient mining. To reduce the roadway deformation, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and on‐site verification were used to study the influence of geological, mining, and support factors on the stability of the floor roadway surrounding rock. A design method for strengthening the roadway surrounding rock support was proposed. The results showed that the coal seam depth, the distribution characteristics of the remaining coal pillar load, the starting point position of stress recovery in the upper coal seam goaf and the lower coal seam goaf lateral load had a significant influence on the lower coal seam stress. The peak stress in the lower coal seam increased linearly with the increase of the coal seam depth, the remaining coal pillar, and the lower coal seam goaf lateral peak stress. The remaining coal pillar influence area width increased linearly and exponentially with the increase of the remaining coal pillar width and the distance between the starting point of stress recovery in goaf and the coal pillar edge, respectively. The peak stress and shear strength of the narrow coal pillar decreased exponentially with the increase of the spacing between bolts or cables. The roadway surrounding rock deformation decreased exponentially with the increase of the distance between the strengthening support area and the remaining coal pillar edge. For the Baigou coalmine, a design scheme for bolt strengthening support parameters has been proposed. The roadway surrounding rock deformation tended to stabilize after 21 days, with deformation values of 264 and 488 mm for the roof and floor, and two sides, respectively.
Optimal technoeconomic reliability‐oriented design of islanded multicarrier microgrids with electrical and hydrogen energy storage systems considering emission concerns
Authors: Imanloozadeh Amir , Nazififard Mohammad , Hashemi‐Dezaki Hamed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough several studies have been performed on energy systems, there is a gap in examining the impact of energy storage systems (ESSs) technologies on the technoeconomic design of optimal multicarrier microgrids (MCMGs), considering environmental concerns. This paper aims to address this research gap by developing an optimal technoeconomic reliability‐oriented design of MCMGs, specifically focusing on battery storage systems (BSSs) and hydrogen storage systems (HSSs). The study was applied to MCMG at an actual MCMG, using HOMER Pro software. Additionally, a reliability‐oriented sensitivity analysis is conducted to understand the effects of reliability constraints, such as desired maximum capacity shortage, on the performance of various ESS technologies. One of the main contributions is analyzing the HSS and BSS from different viewpoints, such as cost, emission, and other technical–economic features for MCMGs. The comparative test results show that if a highly reliable MCMG is desired, the BSS‐based MCMG is the more practical option in terms of technoeconomic indices. However, regardless of reliability constraints, the HSS‐based MCMGs offer better environmental conditions. The total net present cost of the HSS‐based MCMG is 1.68% higher than the BSS‐based one, while it has 17.99% less CO2 emissions, while the HSS one has 17.99% less CO2 emissions.
Developing an Approach for Integrating Chemical Analysis and Transcriptional Changes to Assess Contaminants in Water, Sediment, and Fish
Authors: Cardenas Perez Ana Sharelys , Challis Jonathan K. , Alcaraz Alper James , Ji Xiaowen , Ramirez Alexis Valerio Valery , Hecker Markus , Brinkmann Markus 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments pose threats to aquatic organisms because of their continuous release and potential accumulation. Monitoring methods for these contaminants are inadequate, with targeted analyses falling short in assessing water quality's impact on biota. The present study advocates for integrated strategies combining suspect and targeted chemical analyses with molecular biomarker approaches to better understand the risks posed by complex chemical mixtures to nontarget organisms. The research aimed to integrate chemical analysis and transcriptome changes in fathead minnows to prioritize contaminants, assess their effects, and apply this strategy in Wascana Creek, Canada. Analysis revealed higher pharmaceutical concentrations downstream of a wastewater-treatment plant, with clozapine being the most abundant in fathead minnows, showing notable bioavailability from water and sediment sources. Considering the importance of bioaccumulation factor and biota–sediment accumulation factor in risk assessment, these coefficients were calculated based on field data collected during spring, summer, and fall seasons in 2021. Bioaccumulation was classified as very bioaccumulative with values &gt;5000 L kg–1, suggesting the ability of pharmaceuticals to accumulate in aquatic organisms. The study highlighted the intricate relationship between nutrient availability, water quality, and key pathways affected by pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and rubber components. Prioritization of these chemicals was done through suspect analysis, supported by identifying perturbed pathways (specifically signaling and cellular processes) using transcriptomic analysis in exposed fish. This strategy not only aids in environmental risk assessment but also serves as a practical model for other watersheds, streamlining risk-assessment processes to identify environmental hazards and work toward reducing risks from contaminants of emerging concern. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2252–2273. © 2024 SETAC
Underweight associated with water, sanitation, and hygiene among women of reproductive age in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Merkina Melesse Mengesha , Guyo Tamirat Gezahegn , Hayelom Desta Haftu , Assefa Darik Temesgen , Gutema Befikadu Tariku 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEthiopia is one of the sub‐Saharan African countries where underweight among women of reproductive age is high, and it is predisposing to low birth weight, preterm birth, and reduced resistance to infections. Poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and drinking water polluted with disease‐causing microorganisms lead to undernutrition. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association between WASH and underweight among women of reproductive age at Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS), Southern Ethiopia. A community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted at Arba Minch HDSS, South Ethiopia, from April to May 2022. Women of reproductive age were included in the study. Data were collected using a pre‐tested questionnaire and checklist. Multivariate analysis was conducted to assess the association separately for WASH indicators with underweight status of the women by adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval was used to assess the association. The prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity among women of reproductive age was 7.82% (95% CI: 5.60, 10.81) and 12.32% (95% CI: 9.50, 15.83), respectively. Latrine hygiene and use were significantly associated with being underweight. The odds of being underweight among those who use clean latrine were 0.43 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.92) compared to those who use unclean latrine or do not have toilet facilities. The utilization of clean latrine facilities is negatively associated with being underweight among women of reproductive age. From WASH components, latrine utilization and keeping the latrine clean to use need to get focused on reducing the risk of being underweight among women of reproductive age.
Optimizing antidiabetic properties of Galega officinalis extract: Investigating the effects of foliar application of chitosan and salicylic acid
Authors: Angouti Farinaz , Nourafcan Hassan , Saeedi Sar Sakineh , Assadi Assad , Ebrahimi Raheleh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiabetes poses a significant global health burden, demanding safe and effective therapeutic interventions. Medicinal plants offer promising avenues for natural diabetic management. Galega officinalis (goat's rue) has long been recognized for its hypoglycemic potential, but optimizing its phytochemical content and antidiabetic activity remains a key challenge. This study aimed to address this aspect by investigating the impact of foliar application of chitosan and salicylic acid on the physiological and phytochemical properties of G. officinalis, and subsequently evaluating its antidiabetic efficacy compared to that of the established drug metformin. A randomized complete block design with three replications was employed. Laboratory mice were divided into treatment groups receiving G. officinalis extract from plants sprayed with four salicylic acid concentrations (0.5–3 mM/L) and four chitosan concentrations (0–0.8 g/L). Blood glucose levels and various physiological parameters were assessed. Chitosan at 0.4 g/L and salicylic acid at 2 mM significantly enhanced the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant activity of G. officinalis. Notably, the extract from plants treated with 3 mM salicylic acid exhibited the highest total alkaloid content, a potential contributor to antidiabetic activity. In a separate study, diabetic mice treated with this optimized G. officinalis extract (50 mg/kg) exhibited significantly greater blood glucose reductions compared to those treated with metformin (500 mg). This study demonstrates the potential of chitosan and salicylic acid in optimizing the beneficial properties of G. officinalis. The extract derived from plants treated with 3 mM salicylic acid displayed superior blood glucose‐lowering efficacy compared to metformin, suggesting its promising role as a potential natural antidiabetic therapy. Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific bioactive compounds responsible for this enhanced activity and translate these findings into clinical applications.