bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free light chain: a novel predictor of adverse outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Yegin Zeynep A. , Özkurt Zübeyde N. , Yağcı Münci 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectives: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a highly variable clinical course. This retrospective study is planned to assess the prognostic value of serum free light chain (sFLC) levels and FLC ratio (FLCR) in CLL. Methods: Quantitative levels of sFLC were measured nephelometrically in sera collected at diagnosis. The expressions of ZAP70 and CD38 were quantified by flow cytometry. Chromosomal abnormalities were determined by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: In a cohort of 101 patients with a median follow‐up of 29 (1–234) months, sFLC levels were found to be high in 55 patients (54.5%). An abnormal FLCR was found in 30 patients (29.7%). FISH‐based genetic risk groups did not differ significantly with respect to sFLC and FLCR (P > 0.05). Median time to first treatment was shorter in patients with high sFLC levels (P = 0.02). Median overall survival (OS) was shorter in patients with high sFLC levels (P = 0.01) and abnormal FLCR (P = 0.05). In patients with early stage disease, median OS was shorter in high sFLC (P = 0.03) and abnormal FLCR groups (P = 0.048). A relationship was observed between abnormal sFLC levels and CD38 positivity on logistic regression analysis (P = 0.003; OR: 4.44; 95% CI: 1.66–11.8). Conclusions: This study highlighted the adverse prognostic impact of high sFLC levels and abnormal FLCR with regard to survival in CLL, even in early stage patients. Prospective studies are warranted to validate the adverse impact of sFLC and FLCR on clinical outcome.
Who’s Afraid of the G-spot?
Authors: Jannini Emmanuele A. , Whipple Beverly , Kingsberg Sheryl A. , Buisson Odile , Foldès Pierre , Vardi Yoram 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionNo controversy can be more controversial than that regarding the existence of the G-spot, an anatomical and physiological entity for women and many scientists, yet a gynecological UFO for others.MethodsThe pros and cons data have been carefully reviewed by six scientists with different opinions on the G-spot. This controversy roughly follows the Journal of Sexual Medicine Debate held during the International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health Congress in Florence in the February of 2009.Main Outcome MeasureTo give to The Journal of Sexual Medicine’s reader enough data to form her/his own opinion on an important topic of female sexuality.ResultsExpert #1, who is JSM’s Controversy section editor, reviewed histological data from the literature demonstrating the existence of discrete anatomical structures within the vaginal wall composing the G-spot. He also found that this region is not a constant, but can be highly variable from woman to woman. These data are supported by the findings discussed by Expert #2, dealing with the history of the G-spot and by the fascinating experimental evidences presented by Experts #4 and #5, showing the dynamic changes in the G-spot during digital and penile stimulation. Experts #3 and #6 argue critically against the G-spot discussing the contrasting findings so far produced on the topic.ConclusionAlthough a huge amount of data (not always of good quality) have been accumulated in the last 60 years, we still need more research on one of the most challenging aspects of female sexuality.
REPORTS: Summary of the Recommendations on Sexual Dysfunctions in Women
Authors: Basson Rosemary , Wierman Margaret E. , Van Lankveld Jacques , Brotto Lori 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Women’s sexual dysfunction includes reduced interest/incentives for sexual engagement, difficulties with becoming subjectively and/or genitally aroused, difficulties in triggering desire during sexual engagement, orgasm disorder, and sexual pain.

Aim
To update the recommendations published in 2004, from the 2nd International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM) pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of women’s sexual dysfunctions.

Methods
A third international consultation in collaboration with the major sexual medicine associations assembled over 186 multidisciplinary experts from 33 countries into 25 committees. Twenty one experts from six countries contributed to the Recommendations on Sexual Dysfunctions in Women.

Main Outcome Measure
Expert opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate.

Results
A comprehensive assessment of medical, sexual, and psychosocial history is recommended for diagnosis and management. Indications for general and focused pelvic genital examination are identified. Evidence based recommendations for further revisions of definitions for sexual disorders are given. An evidence based approach to management is provided. Extensive references are provided in the full ICSM reports.

Conclusions
There remains a need for more research and scientific reporting on the optimal management of women’s sexual dysfunctions including multidisciplinary approaches.
Standards for Clinical Trials in Male Sexual Dysfunctions
Authors: Porst Hartmut , Vardi Yoram , Akkus Emre , Melman Arnold , Park Nam Cheol , Seftel Allen D. , Teloken Claudio , Wyllie Michael 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Clinical trials in male sexual dysfunction (MSD) are expanding. Consequently, there is a need for consensus standards in this area.

Aim
To develop an evidence-based, state-of-the-art consensus report on standards for clinical trials in MSD.

Methods
A literature review was performed examining clinical trials in erectile dysfunction (ED), premature ejaculation (PE), delayed/absent ejaculation, libido disorders/loss of desire, hypogonadism, and Peyronie’s disease, focusing on publications published in the last 20 years. This manuscript represents the opinions of eight experts from seven countries developed in a consensus process. This document was presented for peer review and debate in a public forum and revisions were made based on recommendations of chairpersons to the International Consultation on Sexual Medicine.

Main Outcome Measure
Expert opinion was based on the grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate.

Results
According to experience and recent publications in dealing with clinical trials in sexual dysfunction, recommendations have been made for conducting trials in patients with ED, PE, delayed ejaculation, libido disorders, hypogonadism, and Peyronie’s disease.

Conclusions
It is important that future clinical trials are conducted using standards upon which investigators can rely when reading manuscripts or conducting new trials in this field.
Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology of Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Gratzke Christian , Angulo Javier , Chitaley Kanchan , Dai Yu-tian , Kim Noel N. , Paick Jaw-Seung , Simonsen Ulf , Ückert Stefan , Wespes Eric , Andersson Karl E. , Lue Tom F. , Stief Christian G. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionSignificant scientific advances during the past 3 decades have deepened our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of penile erection. A critical evaluation of the current state of knowledge is essential to provide perspective for future research and development of new therapies.AimTo develop an evidence-based, state-of-the-art consensus report on the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction (ED).MethodsConsensus process over a period of 16 months, representing the opinions of 12 experts from seven countries.Main Outcome MeasureExpert opinion was based on the grading of scientific and evidence-based medical literature, internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate.ResultsED occurs from multifaceted, complex mechanisms that can involve disruptions in neural, vascular, and hormonal signaling. Research on central neural regulation of penile erection is progressing rapidly with the identification of key neurotransmitters and the association of neural structures with both spinal and supraspinal pathways that regulate sexual function. In parallel to advances in cardiovascular physiology, the most extensive efforts in the physiology of penile erection have focused on elucidating mechanisms that regulate the functions of the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosum. Major health concerns such as atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have become well integrated into the investigation of ED.ConclusionsDespite the efficacy of current therapies, they remain insufficient to address growing patient populations, such as those with diabetes and MetS. In addition, increasing awareness of the adverse side effects of commonly prescribed medications on sexual function provides a rationale for developing new treatment strategies that minimize the likelihood of causing sexual dysfunction. Many basic questions with regard to erectile function remain unanswered and further laboratory and clinical studies are necessary.
Endocrine Aspects of Women’s Sexual Function
Authors: Wierman Margaret E. , Nappi Rossella E. , Avis Nancy , Davis Susan R. , Labrie Ferdinand , Rosner Willam , Shifren Jan L. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Endocrine changes during aging as well as endocrine disorders may either directly or indirectly modulate female sexual function by altering sex hormones, or by impacting on vascular, neurogenic, or psychologic factors.

Aim
To review information on the impact of the hormonal changes associated with aging or those caused by endocrine disorders on female sexual function and current information on the risks and benefits of hormonal treatments.

Methods
Committee members outlined topics and reviewed the published literature on endocrine aspects of female sexual function over a 2-year period. Presentation of the recommendations were presented at the International Consultation on Sexual Medicine Paris, France 2009 and revised accordingly.

Main Outcome Measures
Quality of data published in the literature and recommendations were based on the GRADES system.

Results
Recommendations and guidelines concerning the role of sex hormones and endocrine disorders in female sexual function were derived.

Conclusions
Hormones are only one component of the many factors that contribute to normal sexual function in women. Further research is needed as to the impact of hormones and endocrine disorders on female sexual dysfunction and the benefits and risks of hormonal therapies.
Tubercular pyomyositis in a case of rheumatoid arthritis being treated with infliximab
Authors: KHOSLA Pooja , AROAA Neha , JAIN Sunil 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA 55‐year‐old woman with rheumatoid arthritis having 4 months previously received two doses of infliximab, presented with fever, hypotension and swelling of right thigh posterolaterally. CT‐guided aspiration was performed from the right thigh and revealed acid‐fast bacilli (AFB) +++ and mycobacterial culture grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient improved on anti‐tubercular treatment.
Feline platelet counting with prostaglandin E1 on the Sysmex XT‐2000iV
Authors: Tvedten Harold , Johansson Päivi 
Published: January 2010

Background: The large size of many feline platelets and the high frequency of platelet aggregation often results in falsely low platelet counts in this species. A combination of optical platelet counting to detect even large platelets and the use of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) to inhibit platelet clumping may increase the accuracy of feline platelet counting.Objective: The objective of this study was to compare platelet counts in feline whole blood samples with and without the addition of PGE1 and using different analytical methods in a clinical setting.Methods: Platelet counts were determined in 10 feline patients in a referral veterinary hospital using 2 sample types (EDTA, EDTA with PGE1) and 2 methods of analysis (optical counting [PLT‐O] and impedance counting [PLT‐I]) on the Sysmex XT 2000 iV analyzer.Results: All PGE1–PLT‐O samples had platelet counts of >200 × 109/L. Mean platelet count using PGE1–PLT‐O (410,256±178 × 109/L) was significantly higher (P<.03) compared with PGE1–PLT‐I (256±113 × 109/L), EDTA–PLT‐O (238±107 × 109/L), and EDTA–PLT‐I (142±84 × 109/L) methods. Depending on the method, platelet counts in 2 to 7 of 10 cats were <200 × 109/L when PGE1‐PLT‐O was not used. A slightly increased platelet count in response to treatment of a feline patient with thrombocytopenia would have been missed without use of PGE1–PLT‐O.Conclusions: Using PLT‐O analysis on EDTA samples containing PGE1 provides higher, and therefore likely more accurate, feline platelet counts in a clinical setting.
Epilepsy in Border Collies: Clinical Manifestation, Outcome, and Mode of Inheritance
Authors: Hülsmeyer V. , Zimmermann R. , Brauer C. , Sauter‐Louis C. , Fischer A. 
Published: January 2010

Background:There is a lack of data on idiopathic epilepsy (IE) in Border Collies (BCs) in the veterinary literature.Hypothesis:Genetic epilepsy occurs in BCs and is frequently characterized by a severe clinical course and poor response to medical treatment.Animals:Forty‐nine BCs diagnosed with IE.Methods:Medical records, seizure data, treatment data, and pedigree information of affected dogs were collected. Cases were classified phenotypically as affected or not affected; mild, moderate, or severe clinical course; active epilepsy (AE) or remission; and drug resistant or not drug resistant.Results:Clinical manifestations were classified as having a moderate (33%) or severe clinical course (49%), characterized by a high prevalence of cluster seizures and status epilepticus. Survival time was significantly decreased in dogs <2 years of age at seizure onset, and in dogs with a severe clinical course. Drug resistance was apparent in 71% of 24 dogs treated with ≥2 antiepileptic drugs. The epilepsy remission rate was 18%. Median age at onset was significantly higher and initial seizure frequency was significantly lower in dogs with remission compared with dogs with AE. Pedigree analyses indicated a strong genetic founder effect in the appearance of epilepsy, resembling autosomal recessive inheritance.Conclusion and Clinical Importance:The present study confirms the occurrence of genetically mediated epilepsy with a frequent severe clinical course and drug resistance in BCs. The results provide information about the long‐term prognosis of IE in BCs for veterinarians and concerned owners, and may benefit breeders as well.
Laninamivir Prodrug CS-8958, a Long-Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitor, Shows Superior Anti-Influenza Virus Activity after a Single Administration
Authors: Kubo Shuku , Tomozawa Takanori , Kakuta Masayo , Tokumitsu Akane , Yamashita Makoto 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Two neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, zanamivir (Relenza) and oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu), have been licensed for use for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza. We have reported on laninamivir (code name, R-125489), a novel neuraminidase inhibitor, and have discovered that the laninamivir prodrug CS-8958 worked as a long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor in a mouse influenza virus infection model when it is intranasally administered. In this study, CS-8958 was administered just once 7 days before infection and showed significant efficacy
in vivo
. The efficacy of a single administration of CS-8958 after viral infection was then compared with that of repeated administrations of oseltamivir phosphate or zanamivir in mice and ferrets. CS-8958 showed efficacy superior or similar to the efficacies of the two licensed NA inhibitors. CS-8958 also significantly reduced the titers of an oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 virus with a neuraminidase H274Y substitution in a mouse infection model. These results suggest that since CS-8958 is characteristically long lasting in the lungs, it may be ideal for the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.
High Prevalence of ST131 Isolates Producing CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-14 among Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing
Escherichia coli
Isolates from Canada
Authors: Peirano Gisele , Richardson David , Nigrin Jana , McGeer Allison , Loo Vivian , Toye Baldwin , Alfa Michelle , Pienaar Colette , Kibsey Pamela , Pitout Johann D. D. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Phenotypic and genotypic methods were used to characterize extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
Escherichia coli
isolated in 2007 from 11 different Canadian medical centers. Of the 209 ESBL-producing
E. coli
isolates tested, 148 (71%) produced CTX-M-15, 17 (8%) produced CTX-M-14, 5 (2%) produced CTX-M-3, and 1 produced CTX-M-27. Overall, 96 (46%) of the ESBL producers belonged to clonal complex ST131, with the highest prevalence in Brampton, Calgary, and Winnipeg. ST131 is an important cause of community onset urinary tract infections due to ESBL-producing
E. coli
across Canada.
Effectiveness of Hand Sanitizers with and without Organic Acids for Removal of Rhinovirus from Hands
Authors: Turner Ronald B. , Fuls Janice L. , Rodgers Nancy D. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT
These studies evaluated the effectiveness of ethanol hand sanitizers with or without organic acids to remove detectable rhinovirus from the hands and prevent experimental rhinovirus infection. Ethanol hand sanitizers were significantly more effective than hand washing with soap and water. The addition of organic acids to the ethanol provided residual virucidal activity that persisted for at least 4 h. Whether these treatments will reduce rhinovirus infection in the natural setting remains to be determined.
Influence of Fatty Acid Precursors, Including Food Preservatives, on the Growth and Fatty Acid Composition of
Listeria monocytogenes
at 37 and 10°C
Authors: Julotok Mudcharee , Singh Atul K. , Gatto Craig , Wilkinson Brian J. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
is a food-borne pathogen that grows at refrigeration temperatures and increases its content of anteiso-C
15:0
fatty acid, which is believed to be a homeoviscous adaptation to ensure membrane fluidity, at these temperatures. As a possible novel approach for control of the growth of the organism, the influences of various fatty acid precursors, including branched-chain amino acids and branched- and straight-chain carboxylic acids, some of which are also well-established food preservatives, on the growth and fatty acid composition of the organism at 37°C and 10°C were studied in order to investigate whether the organism could be made to synthesize fatty acids that would result in impaired growth at low temperatures. The results indicate that the fatty acid composition of
L. monocytogenes
could be modulated by the feeding of branched-chain amino acid, C
4
, C
5
, and C
6
branched-chain carboxylic acid, and C
3
and C
4
straight-chain carboxylic acid fatty acid precursors, but the growth-inhibitory effects of several preservatives were independent of effects on fatty acid composition, which were minor in the case of preservatives metabolized via acetyl coenzyme A. The ability of a precursor to modify fatty acid composition was probably a reflection of the substrate specificities of the first enzyme, FabH, in the condensation of primers of fatty acid biosynthesis with malonyl acyl carrier protein.
Impact of Temperature on Ladderane Lipid Distribution in Anammox Bacteria
Authors: Rattray Jayne E. , van de Vossenberg Jack , Jaeschke Andrea , Hopmans Ellen C. , Wakeham Stuart G. , Lavik Gaute , Kuypers Marcel M. M. , Strous Marc , Jetten Mike S. M. , Schouten Stefan , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria have the unique ability to synthesize fatty acids containing linearly concatenated cyclobutane rings, termed “ladderane lipids.” In this study we investigated the effect of temperature on the ladderane lipid composition and distribution in anammox enrichment cultures, marine particulate organic matter, and surface sediments. Under controlled laboratory conditions we observed an increase in the amount of C
20
[5]-ladderane fatty acids compared with the amount of C
18
[5]-ladderane fatty acids with increasing temperature and also an increase in the amount of C
18
[5]-ladderane fatty acids compared with the amount of C
20
[5]-ladderane fatty acids with decreasing temperature. Combining these data with results from the natural environment showed a significant (
R
2
= 0.85,
P
= <0.0001,
n
= 121) positive sigmoidal relationship between the amounts of C
18
and C
20
[5]-ladderane fatty acids and the
in situ
temperature; i.e., there is an increase in the relative abundance of C
18
[5]-ladderane fatty acids at lower temperatures and
vice versa
, particularly at temperatures between 12°C and 20°C. Novel shorter (C
16
) and longer (C
22
to C
24
) ladderane fatty acids were also identified, but their relative amounts were small and did not change with temperature. The adaptation of ladderane fatty acid chain length to temperature changes is similar to the regulation of common fatty acid composition in other bacteria and may be the result of maintaining constant membrane fluidity under different temperature regimens (homeoviscous adaptation). Our results can potentially be used to discriminate between the origins of ladderane lipids in marine sediments, i.e., to determine if ladderanes are produced
in situ
in relatively cold surface sediments or if they are fossil remnants originating from the warmer upper water column.
Ecology of Speciation in the Genus
Bacillus
Authors: Connor Nora , Sikorski Johannes , Rooney Alejandro P. , Kopac Sarah , Koeppel Alexander F. , Burger Andrew , Cole Scott G. , Perry Elizabeth B. , Krizanc Danny , Field Nicholas C. , Slaton Michèle , Cohan Frederick M. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT

Microbial ecologists and systematists are challenged to discover the early ecological changes that drive the splitting of one bacterial population into two ecologically distinct populations. We have aimed to identify newly divergent lineages (“ecotypes”) bearing the dynamic properties attributed to species, with the rationale that discovering their ecological differences would reveal the ecological dimensions of speciation. To this end, we have sampled bacteria from the
Bacillus subtilis
-
Bacillus licheniformis
clade from sites differing in solar exposure and soil texture within a Death Valley canyon. Within this clade, we hypothesized ecotype demarcations based on DNA sequence diversity, through analysis of the clade's evolutionary history by Ecotype Simulation (ES) and AdaptML. Ecotypes so demarcated were found to be significantly different in their associations with solar exposure and soil texture, suggesting that these and covarying environmental parameters are among the dimensions of ecological divergence for newly divergent
Bacillus
ecotypes. Fatty acid composition appeared to contribute to ecotype differences in temperature adaptation, since those ecotypes with more warm-adapting fatty acids were isolated more frequently from sites with greater solar exposure. The recognized species and subspecies of the
B. subtilis
-
B. licheniformis
clade were found to be nearly identical to the ecotypes demarcated by ES, with a few exceptions where a recognized taxon is split at most into three putative ecotypes. Nevertheless, the taxa recognized do not appear to encompass the full ecological diversity of the
B. subtilis
-
B. licheniformis
clade: ES and AdaptML identified several newly discovered clades as ecotypes that are distinct from any recognized taxon.