bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of histopathological spectrum and expression of Ki-67, TP53 in primary brain tumors of pediatric age group
Authors: Sengupta Subhalakshmi , Chatterjee Uttara , Banerjee Uma , Ghosh Samarendranath , Chatterjee Sandip , Ghosh Ashit K 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Objectives: The primary brain tumors are the second most common cause of death due to malignancies in children. This study was done to analyze the histological spectrum of primary brain tumors in children and also to find out the expression of p53 and Ki67 in some of the common pediatric brain tumors. Materials and Methods: This study was done over a period of 2.5 years. The patients were followed up until 6 months to determine the outcome. We examined H and E sections from 61 pediatric brain tumors and also performed immunohistochemical stains with p53 and Ki67 on 52 of these samples. Results: Of the 61 cases of pediatric brain tumors the commonest were pilocytic astrocytomas and medulloblastomas both constituting 22.9% of total cases, followed by high grade gliomas, that is, anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma taken together (14.7%), diffuse astrocytomas (11.4%), ependymomas (8.1%), and oligodendrogliomas (4.9%). Other cases comprised craniopharyngiomas, astroblastomas, and gangliocytoma. The mean age of presentation was 9.3 years, male children being more commonly affected. Ki67 labeling index (LI) and p53 expression in pilocytic astrocytomas and diffuse astrocytomas were significantly lower than that of high-grade astrocytomas. However, there was no significant difference of expression of these two antigens in pilocytic astrocytomas and diffuse astrocytomas. It was found that Ki67 LI was a better marker for distinguishing between grades of astrocytoma than p53 (P=0.000 and P=0.002, respectively). The survival in cases of pilocytic astrocytomas was far better than high-grade gliomas. However, there was no significant difference in survival between pilocytic astrocytoma and diffuse infiltrating astrocytoma. There was significant positive correlation between expression of p53 and Ki67 LI in cases of medulloblastomas. Both p53 (P=0.002) and Ki67 LI (P=0.000) taken individually correlated well with survival in these cases. Also, Ki67 LI is better predictor of outcome than p53. Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that Ki67 and p53 score correlated well with the grade of astrocytoma; however, Ki67 is a better marker for differentiating between the grades of astrocytoma than p53. Also, Ki67 LI is a better prognostic factor than p53 in case of medulloblastomas.
Clinical evaluation of total and lipid bound sialic acid levels in oral precancer and oral cancer
Authors: Taqi Syed Ahmed 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Aims: Special attention has been given to define the biochemical changes in cell-surface glycoproteins and glycolipids that take place during malignant transformation. This study was thus designed to explore the clinical utility of total and lipid bound sialic acid (LSA) in patients with oral precancer and oral cancer. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 95 subjects divided into three groups, namely healthy individuals, oral cancer, and precancer. Serum total and LSA levels were determined using periodate-thiobarbituric acid method and Katopodis et al. method, respectively. Finally, spectrophotometricreadings were obtained. Results: Mean values of serum sialic acid (total and lipid bound) in oral cancer were significantly higher than control and the precancer group (P<0.001). The multivariate analysis data revealed progressive rise in total and LSA, which was statistically significant with clinical stage of the cancer. Conclusion: Serum sialic acid levels can differentiate between patients with oral precancer and oral cancer. It could be used as an adjunct to diagnosis, monitor response to therapy, and assess the staging of cancer.
Bilateral visual blurring as the first symptom of extra-cranial metastatic lung carcinoma
Authors: Prabhash Kumar , Pandey Avinash , Kar Ranajit , Munshi Anusheel , Naronah Vanita , Agarwal Jai Prakash 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSymptomatic choroidal metastasis in a know case of metastatic lung carcinoma is rare. However recent onset blurring of vision in patient of lung carcinoma should raise strong suspicion for choroidal metastasis. Thorough ophthalmological evaluation including bilateral visual activity, fundoscopy, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging of orbit should be done to establish the diagnosis, palliative external beam radiotherapy given for symptomatic choroidal metastasis leads to preservation of useful vision and functional independence if detected early and hence improved quality of life. We report a case of bilateral symptomatic choroidal metastasis at first sign of lung carcinoma with significant improvement of vision bilaterally after palliative radiotherapy.
Primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma, leg type: Report of two cases and review of literature
Authors: Mondal Santosh Kumar , Mandal Palash Kumar , Roy Shravasti , Biswas Pranab Kumar 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPrimary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCLBCL-LT), is very rare neoplasm presenting on and confined to leg(s). PCLBCL-LT is distinguished from other type of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL) by its frequent relapses and poorer prognosis. We report, two cases of PCLBCL-LT, occurring in two younger patients compared to published cases in literature. Both the patients were treated with chemotherapy and local radiotherapy. During the 1-year follow-up period one patient presented with extracutaneous dissemination and succumbed. The other patient is symptom free and follow-up period was uneventful.
Effect of noncovalent chemical modification on the electrical conductivity and tensile properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)/carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Koysuren Ozcan , Karaman Mustafa , Ozyurt Demet 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNoncovalent chemical modification by initiated chemical vapor deposition technique is applied to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to reduce average agglomerate size of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix and to improve surface interaction between the composite constituents. CNT surfaces are coated conformally with thin poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) polymer film and coated nanoparticles are incorporated in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer matrix using solvent casting technique. Conformal PGMA coatings around individual nanotubes were identified by scanning electron microscopy analysis. Transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy analyses show homogeneous composite morphology for composites prepared by using PGMA coated nanotubes. Fourier Transform Infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses show the successful deposition of polymer with high retention of epoxide functionality. PGMA coating of CNTs exhibits improvement in electrical conductivity and tensile properties of PGMA‐CNT/PMMA systems when compared with uncoated nanoparticles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Monitoring ceramic hydroxyapatite media degradation using dynamic image analysis and uniaxial confined bulk compression
Authors: Kaltenbrunner Oliver , Cao Shawn , Freydell Esteban , Keener Nick , Zhu Li , Jiao Nancy , Williamson Brian , Snyder Mark A. , Cummings Larry J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCeramic hydroxyapatite (CHT) is a multimodal chromatographic medium widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for the purification of biomolecules. CHT is a sintered form of hydroxyapatite crystals with moderate stability at acidic conditions. This moderate stability may lead to underperformance of CHT packed bed lifetime, especially under acidic conditions, which should be monitored by diagnostic tools to design optimal buffer systems for the step. This study presents the application of dynamic image analysis (DIA) and uniaxial confined bulk compression (UCBC) to monitor CHT particle degradation as a function of buffer composition. DIA was used to evaluate changes in solidity and morphology, while UCBC was used to evaluate changes in resistance to uniaxial compression. All properties were studied as a function of bed position and operational parameters. Results show that when CHT is exposed to acidic pH, adding phosphate and/or calcium at concentrations of 1 mM minimizes changes in particle solidity and mechanical strength. Changes in CHT morphological properties (i.e., convexity, aspect ratio) are also affected by the presence of calcium and/or phosphate in the inlet buffers. Furthermore, calcium and phosphate have a positive effect on the mechanical behavior of CHT, which is related to changes in the CHT particle solidity.
Coumarin‐Based Octopamine Phototriggers and their Effects on an Insect Octopamine Receptor
Authors: Schaal Janina , Dekowski Brigitte , Wiesner Burkhard , Eichhorst Jenny , Marter Kathrin , Vargas Carolyn , Keller Sandro , Eremina Nadejda , Barth Andreas , Baumann Arnd , Eisenhardt Dorothea , Hagen Volker 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe have developed and characterized efficient caged compounds of the neurotransmitter octopamine. For derivatization, we introduced [6‐bromo‐8‐(diethylaminomethyl)‐7‐hydroxycoumarin‐4‐yl]methoxycarbonyl (DBHCMOC) and {6‐bromo‐7‐hydroxy‐8‐[(piperazin‐1‐yl)methyl]coumarin‐4‐yl}methoxycarbonyl (PBHCMOC) moieties as novel photo‐removable protecting groups. The caged compounds were functionally inactive when applied to heterologously expressed octopamine receptors (AmOctα1R). Upon irradiation with UV–visible or IR light, bioactive octopamine was released and evoked Ca2+ signals in AmOctα1R‐expressing cells. The pronounced water solubility of compounds 2–4 in particular holds great promise for these substances as excellent phototriggers of this important neurotransmitter.
Enantioselective Kinetics of α‐Hexachlorocyclohexane in Earthworm (Eisenia fedtia) and Forest Soil
Authors: Zhou Gaoxin , Liu Donghui , Ma Ruixue , Li Jindong , Sun Mingjing , Zhou Zhiqiang , Wang Peng 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe enantioselective bioaccumulation and elimination behaviors of α‐hexachlorocyclohexane (α‐HCH) enantiomers in earthworm and soil were investigated by chiral gas chromatography. Enantiomer fraction values were calculated as indicators of the enantioselectivity. The mature earthworms were exposed to 0.10 µg g−1wwt(0.14 µg g−1dwt) spiked soil continuously for the bioaccumulation, and the elimination was conducted after an enrichment period in the soil. The results showed that both the bioaccumulation and elimination processes followed monophasic kinetics, body residues of α‐HCH in earthworm increased to high level at the fifth day, and enantioselectivity was found in the bioaccumulation process with the rate constant (k) of 0.80 d−1for (+)‐α‐HCH and 0.74 d−1for (−)‐α‐HCH. The half life (t1/2) of the enantiomers obtained in the elimination process was within one day. The bioaccumulation factors of steady state of α‐HCH enantiomers were 2.82 for (+)‐α‐HCH and 2.75 for (−)‐α‐HCH. The enantiomer fractions of earthworm and soil obviously below 0.5 during uptake and elimination processes indicate significant enantioselectivity and preferential depuration of (+)‐α‐HCH in earthworm. However, earthworms do not have a great capacity for getting rid of α‐HCH in polluted soil shown by a contradistinctive experiment.Chirality 24:615–620, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment outcome in older patients with childhood acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Pounds Stanley , Cao Xueyuan , Jenkins Laura , Dahl Gary , Bowman W. Paul , Taub Jeffrey W , Pui Ching‐Hon , Ribeiro Raul C. , Campana Dario , Inaba Hiroto 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND.Older age has historically been an adverse prognostic factor in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To the authors' knowledge, the impact of age relative to that of other prognostic factors on the outcome of patients treated in recent trials is unknown.METHODS.Clinical outcome and causes of treatment failure of 351 patients enrolled on 3 consecutive protocols for childhood AML between 1991 and 2008 were analyzed according to age and protocol.RESULTS.The more recent protocol (AML02) produced improved outcomes for patients aged 10 years to 21 years compared with 2 earlier studies (AML91 and AML97), with 3‐year rates of event‐free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and cumulative incidence of refractory leukemia or recurrence (CIR) for this group being similar to those of patients aged birth to 9 years: EFS: 58.3% ± 5.4% versus 66.6% ± 4.9% (P = .20); OS: 68.9% ± 5.1% versus 75.1% ± 4.5% (P = .36); and CIR: 21.9% ± 4.4% versus 25.3% ± 4.2% (P = .59). The EFS and OS estimates for patients aged 10 to 15 years overlapped those for patients aged 16 to 21 years. However, the cumulative incidence of toxic death was significantly higher for patients aged 10 to 21 years compared with younger patients (13.2% ± 3.6% vs 4.5% ± 2.0%; P = .028).CONCLUSIONS.The survival rate for older children with AML has improved on the results of a recent trial and is now similar to that of younger patients. However, deaths from toxicity remain a significant problem for patients in the older age group. Future trials should focus on improving supportive care while striving to develop more effective antileukemic therapy. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide on Sodium and Potassium Forms of STI Zeolite
Authors: Zukal Arnošt , Zones Stacey I. , Kubů Martin , Davis Tracy M. , Čejka Jiří 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSodium and potassium forms of STI zeolite synthesized with Si/Al ratios 15, 25, and 35 were characterized using X‐ray powder diffraction and nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. To obtain detailed information on the effect of alkali metal cations on CO2 adsorption, the temperature dependence of CO2 isotherms was investigated in the temperature range from 273 to 333 K. Based on these data, isosteric heats of adsorption of CO2 were determined. It was found that the isosteric heat of CO2 adsorption attains the highest values on the sodium form of STI zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of 15. The lowest values were found with both sodium and potassium forms of STI zeolite having a Si/Al ratio of 35. Heats of adsorption of CO2 obtained for STI zeolites were discussed in detail and compared with those of FER, MFI, MEL, TUN, and IMF structural types. This comparison revealed that isosteric heats of adsorption of CO2 on STI zeolites are lower by approximately 8 kJ mol−1 compared with heats of adsorption for FER, MFI, MEL, TUN, and IMF zeolites composed of the eight‐ or/and ten‐ring channel systems as well as STI zeolites. This effect was explained on the basis of stronger interaction of alkali metal cations with oxygen atoms of the zeolitic framework.
Nucleation kinetics of the formation of low dimensional calcium sulfate dihydrate crystals in isopropyl alcohol medium
Authors: Sandhya S. , Sureshbabu S. , Varma H. K. , Komath Manoj 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCalcium sulfate dihydrate, constituted as uniform crystals of low dimensions, is a potential biomaterial for clinical applications like bone graft substitution and drug delivery. In this work, isopropyl alcohol has been used as a solvent to obtain low dimensional calcium sulfate dihydrate crystals from calcium nitrate ‐ sulfuric acid system. Reactants in 0.5 molar concentration at ambient conditions generated uniform rod‐shaped crystals of length 3–5 µm. Analysis using X‐ray Diffractometry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry showed the material to be well crystallized, phase‐pure calcium sulfate dihydrate.The nucleation kinetics has been studied by observing the induction time of phase formation in solutions of millimolar concentrations through turbidimetry at 300 K. The data have been analysed using classical nucleation theory to deduce parameters like interfacial tension (or surface free energy), nucleation rate and critical radius. The surface free energy obtained (5.6 mJ/m2) is comparatively lower than that reported for aqueous precipitation, which could be attributed to the presence of isopropyl alcohol. On escalating the supersaturation ratio, the nucleation rate drastically increased and the critical radius decreased exponentially. Particles formed at supersaturation 1.39 showed a monomodal distribution centered at 8.2 nm in Dynamic Light Scattering analysis. Comparable particle sizes were obtained in Transmission Electron Microscopy.
Biallelic expression of Tbx1 protects the embryo from developmental defects caused by increased receptor tyrosine kinase signaling
Authors: Simrick Subreena , Szumska Dorota , Gardiner Jennifer R. , Jones Kieran , Sagar Karun , Morrow Bernice , Bhattacharya Shoumo , Basson M. Albert 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome in humans, characterized by cardiovascular defects such as interrupted aortic arch, outflow tract defects, thymus and parathyroid hypo‐ or aplasia, and cleft palate. Heterozygosity of Tbx1, the mouse homolog of the candidate TBX1 gene, results in mild defects dependent on genetic background, whereas complete inactivation results in severe malformations in multiple tissues. Results: The loss of function of two Sprouty genes, which encode feedback antagonists of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, phenocopy many defects associated with 22q11DS in the mouse. The stepwise reduction of Sprouty gene dosage resulted in different phenotypes emerging at specific steps, suggesting that the threshold up to which a given developmental process can tolerate increased RTK signaling is different. Tbx1 heterozygosity significantly exacerbated the severity of all these defects, which correlated with a substantial increase in RTK signaling. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that TBX1 functions as an essential component of a mechanism that protects the embryo against perturbations in RTK signaling that may lead to developmental defects characteristic of 22q11DS. We propose that genetic factors that enhance RTK signaling ought to be considered as potential genetic modifiers of this syndrome. Developmental Dynamics 241:1310–1324, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of dietary specialization and resource availability on geographical variation in abundance of butterflyfish
Authors: Lawton Rebecca J. , Pratchett Morgan S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEmpirical evidence indicates that both niche breadth and resource availability are key drivers of a species’ local abundance patterns. However, most studies have considered the influence of either niche breath or resource availability in isolation, while it is the interactive effects that are likely to influence local abundance. We examined geographic variation in the feeding ecology and distribution of coral‐feeding butterflyfish to determine the influence of dietary specialization and dietary resource availability on their local abundance. Dietary composition and abundance of five butterflyfish and coral dietary resource availability were determined at 45 sites across five locations (Lizard Island and Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef; Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea; Noumea, New Caledonia; and Moorea, French Polynesia). Multiple regression models using variables representative of total dietary resource availability, availability of specific dietary resources, and interspecific competition were used to determine the best predictors of local abundance across all sites and locations for each species. Factors influencing local abundance varied between butterflyfish with specialized and generalized diets. Dietary resource availability had the strongest influence on the abundance of Chaetodon trifascialis—the most specialized species. Local abundance of C. trifascialis was best predicted by availability of the Acropora corals that it preferentially feeds on. In contrast, abundance of generalist butterflyfish was poorly described by variation in availability of specific resources. Rather, indices of total dietary resource availability best predicted their abundance. Overall, multiple regression models only explained a small proportion of the variation in local abundance for all five species. Despite their relatively specialized diets, dietary resource availability has limited influence on the local abundance of butterflyfish. Only the most specialized species appear to be consistently limited by prey availability. Local and total abundance of species are influenced by a wide range of different factors and there is definite need to conduct independent species assessments.
Syntheses, Dynamic Behaviour and Theoretical Studies of [(Piperidinomethyl)silyl]methyl‐Cyclopalladated Dimetallic Complexes
Authors: Colquhoun Victoria P. , Schildbach Daniel , Martín‐Romo Raquel , Strohmann Carsten , Villafañe Fernando 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe cationic complex [Pd{CH2SiPh2(CH2NC5H10)‐κ2C,N}(NCMe)2]BF4 (CH2NC5H10 = piperidinomethyl) is obtained from the reaction of [Pd{CH2SiPh2(CH2NC5H10)‐κ2C,N}(μ‐Cl)]2 with TlBF4 in the presence of NCMe. It reacts with KO2CCH3 leading to the dimetallic complex [Pd{CH2SiPh2(CH2NC5H10)‐κ2C,N}(μ‐O2CCH3‐κO:κ′O)]2, which exists only as the transoid isomer in solution. A dynamic process due to inversion of the acetato bridges is detected by variable‐temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. The reaction of the same parent complex with Kdmpz (dmpz = dimethylpyrazolate) leads to the dinuclear complex [Pd{CH2SiPh2(CH2NC5H10)‐κ2C,N}(μ‐dmpz‐κN:κ′N)]2, which in solution exists as a mixture of cisoid and transoid isomers, but no inversion of the bridging pyrazolato groups has been observed. The reaction between equimolar amounts of these two complexes in CH2Cl2 affords low yields of the expected mixed acetato/pyrazolato‐bridged complex [Pd2{CH2SiPh2(CH2NC5H10)‐κ2C,N}2(μ‐O2CCH3‐κO:κ′O)(μ‐dmpz‐κN:κ′N)]. The mixed chlorido‐pyrazolato‐bridged complex [Pd2{CH2SiPh2(CH2NC5H10)‐κ2C,N}2(μ‐Cl)(μ‐dmpz‐κN:κ′N)] is obtained by mixing equimolar amounts of the parent dichlorido‐ and bis(dimethylpyrazolato)‐bridged dinuclear complexes, and exhibits a dynamic process in solution corresponding to the inversion of the bridges. Only the cisoid isomers are detected for both dimetallic complexes with mixed bridging ligands. The experimental findings of the preferred transoid or cisoid structure in these dinuclear Pd complexes were supported by quantum chemical calculations.
Synthesis of an Ionic Paramagnetic Ruthenium(III) Complex and Its Application as an Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for the Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Zhou Chengliang , Zhang Jing , Đaković Marijana , Popović Zora , Zhao Xiaoli , Liu Ye 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA novel ionic complex, bis[1‐butyl‐2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium]tetrachloridoruthenium(III) hexafluorophosphate (2), has been synthesized and fully characterized. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that 2 is composed of an Ru complex cation and PF6– anion. The cation has a highly symmetrical Ru‐centered octahedron geometry with four Cl atoms in the equatorial plane and two imidazolium‐substituted phosphane ligands in the axial positions. It exhibits paramagnetism due to the presence of one unpaired electron in the phosphane‐ligated low‐spin RuIII complex. Complex 2 exhibited good catalytic performance in the transfer hydrogenation of a wide range of ketones by using alcohols as hydrogen donors. Owing to its high polarity, good thermal stability, and insensitivity to moisture and oxygen, complex 2 could be used in six catalytic cycles in the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone without any obvious loss of activity.