bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superresolution imaging of ribosomes and RNA polymerase in live Escherichia coli cells
Authors: Bakshi Somenath , Siryaporn Albert , Goulian Mark , Weisshaar James C. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryQuantitative spatial distributions of ribosomes (S2‐YFP) and RNA polymerase (RNAP; β′‐yGFP) in live Escherichia coli are measured by superresolution fluorescence microscopy. In moderate growth conditions, nucleoid–ribosome segregation is strong, and RNAP localizes to the nucleoid lobes. The mean copy numbers per cell are 4600 RNAPs and 55 000 ribosomes. Only 10–15% of the ribosomes lie within the densest part of the nucleoid lobes, and at most 4% of the RNAPs lie in the two ribosome‐rich endcaps. The predominant observed diffusion coefficient of ribosomes is Dribo = 0.04 µm2 s−1, attributed to free mRNA being translated by one or more 70S ribosomes. We find no clear evidence of subdiffusion, as would arise from tethering of ribosomes to the DNA. The degree of DNA–ribosome segregation strongly suggests that in E. coli most translation occurs on free mRNA transcripts that have diffused into the ribosome‐rich regions. Both RNAP and ribosome radial distributions extend to the cytoplasmic membrane, consistent with the transertion hypothesis. However, few if any RNAP copies lie near the membrane of the endcaps. This suggests that if transertion occurs, it exerts a direct radially expanding force on the nucleoid, but not a direct axially expanding force.
Pichia pastoris 14‐3‐3 regulates transcriptional activity of the methanol inducible transcription factor Mxr1 by direct interaction
Authors: Parua Pabitra K. , Ryan Paul M. , Trang Kayla , Young Elton T. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe zinc‐finger transcription factor, Mxr1 activates methanol utilization and peroxisome biogenesis genes in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris. Expression of Mxr1‐dependent genes is regulated in response to various carbon sources by an unknown mechanism. We show here that this mechanism involves the highly conserved 14‐3‐3 proteins. 14‐3‐3 proteins participate in many biological processes in different eukaryotes. We have characterized a putative 14‐3‐3 binding region at Mxr1 residues 212–225 and mapped the major activation domain of Mxr1 to residues 246–280, and showed that phenylalanine residues in this region are critical for its function. Furthermore, we report that a unique and previously uncharacterized 14‐3‐3 family protein in P. pastoris complements Saccharomyces cerevisiae 14‐3‐3 functions and interacts with Mxr1 through its 14‐3‐3 binding region via phosphorylation of Ser215 in a carbon source‐dependent manner. Indeed, our in vivo results suggest a carbon source‐dependent regulation of expression of Mxr1‐activated genes by 14‐3‐3 in P. pastoris. Interestingly, we observed 14‐3‐3‐independent binding of Mxr1 to the promoters, suggesting a post‐DNA binding function of 14‐3‐3 in regulating transcription. We provide the first molecular explanation of carbon source‐mediated regulation of Mxr1 activity, whose mechanism involves a post‐DNA binding role of 14‐3‐3.
What are the important subsets of gastroparesis?
Authors: Camilleri M. , Grover M. , Farrugia G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGastroparesis is often divided into subsets based on etiology and pathophysiology; however, the utility of these subsets in the diagnosis and treatment of gastro‐paresis is not well defined. The objectives are to consider the subsets of gastroparesis from the perspectives of etiology and pathogenesis, pathophysiology, histopathology, and clinical associations, with particular focus on similarities and differences between diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis and consideration of the potential subset of painful gastroparesis. We conclude that idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis has similar initial presentations and manifestations, except that idiopathic gastroparesis tends to be associated more frequently with pain. Myopathic disorders are uncommon. Extrinsic denervation was considered the most common etiology; however, with the decline in surgery for peptic ulceration and in‐depth study of full‐thickness gastric biopsies, the most common intrinsic defects are being recognized in the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC‐opathy) and with immune infiltration and neuronal changes (intrinsic neuropathic gastroparesis). Histomorphological differences at the microscopic level between diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis are still of unclear significance. Two gastroparesis subsets worthy of special mention, because they are potentially reversible with identification of the cause, are postviral gastroparesis, which has a generally good prognosis, and iatrogenic gastroparesis, especially in patients with non‐surgical gastroparesis, such as diabetics exposed to incretins such as pramlintide and exenatide.
Carbon trading for phosphorus gain: the balance between rhizosphere carboxylates and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant phosphorus acquisition
Authors: RYAN M. H. , TIBBETT M. , EDMONDS‐TIBBETT T. , SURIYAGODA L. D. B. , LAMBERS H. , CAWTHRAY G. R. , PANG J. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTTwo key plant adaptations for phosphorus (P) acquisition are carboxylate exudation into the rhizosphere and mycorrhizal symbioses. These target different soil P resources, presumably with different plant carbon costs. We examined the effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on amount of rhizosphere carboxylates and plant P uptake for 10 species of low‐P adapted Kennedia grown for 23 weeks in low‐P sand. Inoculation decreased carboxylates in some species (up to 50%), decreased plant dry weight (21%) and increased plant P content (23%). There was a positive logarithmic relationship between plant P content and the amount of rhizosphere citric acid for inoculated and uninoculated plants. Causality was indicated by experiments using sand where little citric acid was lost from the soil solution over 2 h and citric acid at low concentrations desorbed P into the soil solution. Senesced leaf P concentration was often low and P‐resorption efficiencies reached >90%. In conclusion, we propose that mycorrhizally mediated resource partitioning occurred because inoculation reduced rhizosphere carboxylates, but increased plant P uptake. Hence, presumably, the proportion of plant P acquired from strongly sorbed sources decreased with inoculation, while the proportion from labile inorganic P increased. Implications for plant fitness under field conditions now require investigation.
A survey study of index food‐related allergic reactions and anaphylaxis management
Authors: Jacobs Tammy S. , Greenhawt Matthew J. , Hauswirth David , Mitchell Lynda , Green Todd D. 
Published: May 2012

To cite this article: Jacobs TS, Greenhawt MJ, Hauswirth D, Mitchell L, Green TD. A survey study of index food‐related allergic reactions and anaphylaxis management. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012: 23: 582–589.AbstractBackground:  Initial food‐allergic reactions are often poorly recognized and under‐treated.Methods:  Parents of food‐allergic children were invited to complete an online questionnaire, designed with Kids with Food Allergies Foundation, about their children’s first food‐allergic reactions resulting in urgent medical evaluation.Results:  Among 1361 reactions, 76% (95% CI 74–79%) were highly likely to represent anaphylaxis based on NIAID/FAAN criteria. Only 34% (95% CI 31–37%) of these were administered epinephrine. In 56% of these, epinephrine was administered by emergency departments; 20% by parents; 9% by paramedics; 8% by primary care physicians; and 6% by urgent care centers. In 26% of these, epinephrine was given within 15 min of the onset of symptoms; 54% within 30 min; 82% within 1 h; and 93% within 2 h. Factors associated with a decreased likelihood of receiving epinephrine for anaphylaxis included age <12 months, milk and egg triggers, and symptoms of abdominal pain and/or diarrhea. Epinephrine was more likely to be given to asthmatic children and children with peanut or tree nut ingestion prior to event. Post‐treatment, 42% of reactions likely to represent anaphylaxis were referred to allergists, 34% prescribed and/or given epinephrine auto‐injectors, 17% trained to use epinephrine auto‐injectors, and 19% given emergency action plans. Of patients treated with epinephrine, only half (47%) were prescribed epinephrine auto‐injectors.Conclusions:  Only one‐third of initial food‐allergic reactions with symptoms of anaphylaxis were recognized and treated with epinephrine. Fewer than half of patients were referred to allergists. There is still a need to increase education and awareness about food‐induced anaphylaxis.
Normal mind‐reading capacity but higher response confidence in borderline personality disorder patients
Authors: Schilling Lisa , Wingenfeld Katja , Löwe Bernd , Moritz Steffen , Terfehr Kirsten , Köther Ulf , Spitzer Carsten 
Published: May 2012

Aim:  Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships. Therefore, the investigation of social cognition is of compelling interest for the understanding of BPD. One important aspect of social cognition is theory of mind (ToM), which describes the ability to understand others' mental states, such as beliefs, desires and intentions. The aim of the present study was to further investigate ToM in BPD patients.Methods:  The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test was assessed in 31 BPD patients and 27 healthy controls. In addition, the test was complemented by a response confidence rating.Results:  BPD patients and healthy controls did not differ in their mind‐reading ability with respect to accuracy, but patients were significantly more often highly confident in their decisions than controls.Conclusions:  Overconfidence might contribute to the severe difficulties in interpersonal relationships often observed in BPD patients.
Pilot study of deep brain stimulation in refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder ethnic Chinese patients
Authors: Tsai Hsin‐Chi , Chang Chun‐Hung , Pan Jiann‐I , Hsieh Hung‐Jen , Tsai Sheng‐Tzung , Hung Hsiang‐Yi , Chen Shin‐Yuan 
Published: May 2012

Aims:  Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS) is a promising alternative to ablative surgery in treatment of refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). A pilot study was conducted to assess 15‐month outcomes of DBS in patients with refractory OCD in Taiwan.Methods:  Four adult patients with a 3‐year or more history of refractory OCD (Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale [Y‐BOCS] score of at least 28) met the criteria for DBS surgery. DBS electrodes were implanted bilaterally in the VC/VS. Stimulation was adjusted for therapeutic benefit and absence of adverse effects. Psychiatric evaluation was conducted preoperatively, postoperatively, and at follow up at every 3 months for 15 months. Primary outcome measure was Y‐BOCS. Secondary outcomes included the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D), and the Global Assessment of Function Scale.Results:  Mean severity of OCD was a Y‐BOCS score of 36.3 ± 2.1. At the end of 15 months' follow up, there was a 33.06% decrease in OCD severity (P = 0.001). Similar findings were seen for HAM‐D (32.51% reduction, P = 0.005), and Global Assessment of Function Scale (31.03% increase, P = 0.026). In terms of adverse effects, two patients suffered from hypomania episodes after several weeks of DBS stimulation, and one had transient hypomania‐like syndrome during DBS initial programming. One patient (Case 1) had an allergic reaction to implantation of the pulse generator in the chest, and another patient (Case 3) exhibited vertigo.Conclusions:  We confirm that DBS of the VC/VS appears to be beneficial for improvements in function and mood among patients with treatment‐resistant OCD. Compared to previous studies examining the therapeutic effects of DBS, no serious adverse effects were observed.
Novel biochemical manipulation of brain serotonin reveals a role of serotonin in the circadian rhythm of sleep–wake cycles
Authors: Nakamaru‐Ogiso Eiko , Miyamoto Hiroyuki , Hamada Kozo , Tsukada Koji , Takai Katsuji 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSerotonin (5‐HT) neurons have been implicated in the modulation of many physiological functions, including mood regulation, feeding, and sleep. Impaired or altered 5‐HT neurotransmission appears to be involved in depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as in sleep disorders. To investigate brain 5‐HT functions in sleep, we induced 5‐HT deficiency through acute tryptophan depletion in rats by intraperitoneally injecting a tryptophan‐degrading enzyme called tryptophan side chain oxidase I (TSOI). After the administration of TSOI (20 units), plasma tryptophan levels selectively decreased to 1–2% of those of controls within 2 h, remained under 1% for 12–24 h, and then recovered between 72 and 96 h. Following plasma tryptophan levels, brain 5‐HT levels decreased to ∼30% of the control level after 6 h, remained at this low level for 20–30 h, and returned to normal after 72 h. In contrast, brain norepinephreine and dopamine levels remained unchanged. After TSOI injection, the circadian rhythms of the sleep–wake cycle and locomotive activity were lost and broken into minute(s) ultradian alternations. The hourly slow‐wave sleep (SWS) time significantly increased at night, but decreased during the day, whereas rapid eye movement sleep was significantly reduced during the day. However, daily total (cumulative) SWS time was retained at the normal level. As brain 5‐HT levels gradually recovered 48 h after TSOI injection, the circadian rhythms of sleep–wake cycles and locomotive activity returned to normal. Our results suggest that 5‐HT with a rapid turnover rate plays an important role in the circadian rhythm of sleep–wake cycles.
Comparative metatranscriptomics reveals widespread community responses during phenanthrene degradation in soil
Authors: de Menezes Alexandre , Clipson Nicholas , Doyle Evelyn 
Published: May 2012

SummarySoil microbial community response to phenanthrene was evaluated by metatranscriptomics. A marked increase in transcripts involved in aromatic compound metabolism, respiration and stress responses, and concurrent decreases in virulence, carbohydrate, DNA metabolism and phosphorus metabolism transcripts was revealed. Phenanthrene addition led to a 1.8‐fold to 33‐fold increase in the abundance of dioxygenase, stress response and detoxification transcripts, whereas those of general metabolism were little affected. Heavy metal P‐type ATPases and thioredoxin transcripts were more abundant in the phenanthrene‐amended soil, and this is the first time these proteins have been associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) stress in microorganisms. Annotation with custom databases constructed with bacterial or fungal PAH metabolism protein sequences showed that increases in PAH‐degradatory gene expression occurred for all gene groups investigated. Taxonomic determination of mRNA transcripts showed widespread changes in the bacteria, archaea and fungi, and the actinobacteria were responsible for most of the de novo expression of transcripts associated with dioxygenases, stress response and detoxification genes. This is the first report of an experimental metatranscriptomic study detailing microbial community responses to a pollutant in soil, and offers information on novel in situ effects of PAHs on soil microbes that can be explored further.
Is inferior mesenteric artery ligation during sigmoid colectomy for diverticular disease associated with increased anastomotic leakage? A meta‐analysis of randomized and non‐randomized clinical trials
Authors: Cirocchi R. , Trastulli S. , Farinella E. , Desiderio J. , Listorti C. , Parisi A. , Noya G. , Boselli C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim  A meta‐analysis was conducted to compare preservation with ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) during sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease.Method  Randomized and non‐randomized clinical trials were identified using the following electronic databases: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, BioMed Central, Science Citation Index, Greynet, SIGLE, National Technological Information Service, British Library Integrated Catalogue. The analysed end‐points were the anastomotic leakage rate, overall morbidity and 30‐day postoperative mortality.Results  Four studies were included involving 400 patients. The anastomotic leakage rate was 7.3% in the preservation group and 11.3% in the ligation group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.11–4.76; P = 0.73). Overall morbidity and 30‐day postoperative mortality were not compared since these data were reported in only one study.Conclusion  The meta‐analysis did not show any advantage for preservation of the IMA during sigmoid colectomy for diverticular disease in terms of anastomotic leakage.
Single‐incision laparoscopy for colorectal resection: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of more than a thousand procedures
Authors: Maggiori L. , Gaujoux S. , Tribillon E. , Bretagnol F. , Panis Y. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim  Single‐incision laparoscopy for colorectal surgery is of growing importance. The experience of colorectal resection through single‐incision laparoscopic surgery was assessed, including the patient outcomes.Method  A meta‐analysis was performed of studies comparing single‐incision laparoscopic with multiport laparoscopy. Endpoints included conversion to laparotomy, operation time, postoperative morbidity, length of skin incision and length of hospital stay. The MEDLINE database was searched and only comparative studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Data were retrieved from full‐text manuscripts. Meta‐analysis was performed according to the Mantel–Haenszel method for random effects.Results  From October 2008 to December 2011, 1026 colorectal resections including 921 colonic and 105 rectal procedures using single‐incision laparoscopic surgery were reported in 64 studies. Meta‐analysis of the 15 comparative studies, including a total of 1075 procedures (494 single‐incision and 581 multiport laparoscopies), showed no difference in conversion to open laparotomy [odds ratio (OR) 0.58 (0.24, 1.38); P = 0.22], morbidity [OR 0.84 (0.61, 1.15); P = 0.27] or operation time [weighted mean difference (WMD) −0.27 (−6.50, 5.95); P = 0.93], but a significantly shorter total skin incision [WMD −0.52 (−0.79, −0.25); P < 0.001] and a significantly shorter postoperative length of stay [WMD −0.75 (−1.30, −0.20); P = 0.008] after single‐incision laparoscopic surgery compared with a multiport laparoscopic approach.Conclusion  Although only 15 nonrandomized comparative studies of varying methodology have been reported, this systematic review and meta‐analysis of more than 1000 colorectal procedures suggest that single‐incision laparoscopic colorectal surgery is feasible and safe.
Successful medical treatment of an orbital osteoma in a dog
Authors: Grozdanic Sinisa , Riedesel Elizabeth A. , Ackermann Mark R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA 6‐year‐old neutered male German Shepherd‐mixed breed with a 2‐month history of bilateral conjunctival hyperemia, epiphora, and a firm, slowly progressive swelling of the medial canthal region of the left eye (OS) was examined. Ophthalmic examination OS revealed a firm and smooth mass, extending from the medial canthus toward the medial orbital wall. Indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed indentation of the nasal part OS, which corresponded to the position of the orbital mass. Orbital neoplastic diseases were the main differential considerations. Computerized tomography revealed a bony smooth orbital mass without bone destructive features. Biopsy was performed, and histologic features were suggestive of osteoma. Systemic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory (NSAID) drugs resulted in complete mass regression and absence of clinical signs for 5 years following initial diagnosis. This report describes the first case of canine orbital osteoma, which was responsive to NSAIDs.
AN EXPERIMENT ON CORRUPTION AND GENDER
Authors: Rivas M. Fernanda 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTA number of papers with field data have found differences in the corrupt activities of males and females; nonetheless they have drawbacks that may be overcome in a laboratory experiment. The aim of this paper is to see experimentally whether women and men, facing the same situation behave in a different way, as suggested in the field‐data studies or, on the contrary, whether they behave in the same way. The results found in the experiment show that women are indeed less corrupt than men.
Alterations of platelet function and clot formation kinetics after in vitro exposure to anti‐A and ‐B
Authors: Refaai Majed A. , Carter Jessie , Henrichs Kelly F. , Davidson Donna C. , Pollock Stephen J. , Casey Ann E. , Spinelli Sherry L. , Phipps Richard P. , Francis Charles W. , Blumberg Neil 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND: ABO‐mismatched platelets (PLTs) are commonly transfused despite reported complications. We hypothesized that because PLTs possess A and B antigens on their surface, ABO‐mismatched transfused or recipient PLTs could become activated and/or dysfunctional after exposure to anti‐A or ‐B in the transfused or recipient plasma. We present here in vitro modeling data on the functional effects of exposure of PLTs to ABO antibodies.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PLT functions of normal PLTs of all ABO types were assessed before and after incubation with normal saline, ABO‐identical plasma samples, or O plasma samples with varying titers of anti‐A and anti‐B (anti‐A/B). Assays used for this assessment include PLT aggregation, clot kinetics, thrombin generation, PLT cytoskeletal function, and mediator release.RESULTS: Exposure of antigen‐bearing PLTs to O plasma with moderate to high titers of anti‐A/B significantly inhibits aggregation, prolongs PFA‐100 epinephrine closure time, disrupts clot formation kinetics, accelerates thrombin generation, reduces total thrombin production, alters PLT cytoskeletal function, and influences proinflammatory and prothrombotic mediator release.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate a wide range of effects that anti‐A/B have on PLT function, clot formation, thrombin generation, PLT cytoskeletal function, and mediator release. These data provide potential explanations for clinical observations of increased red blood cell utilization in trauma and surgical patients receiving ABO‐nonidentical blood products. Impaired hemostasis caused by anti‐A/B interacting with A and B antigens on PLTs, soluble proteins, and perhaps even endothelial cells is a potential contributing factor to hemorrhage in patients receiving larger volumes of ABO‐nonidentical transfusions.