bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mast cells promote atherosclerosis by inducing both an atherogenic lipid profile and vascular inflammation
Authors: Heikkilä Hanna M. , Trosien Julia , Metso Jari , Jauhiainen Matti , Pentikäinen Markku O. , Kovanen Petri T. , Lindstedt Ken A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAccumulating in vitro and in vivo studies have proposed a role for mast cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Here, we studied the role of mast cells in lipoprotein metabolism, a key element in the atherosclerotic disease. Male mice deficient in low‐density lipoprotein receptors and mast cells on a Western diet for 26 weeks had significantly less atherosclerotic changes both in aortic sinus (55%, P = 0.0009) and in aorta (31%, P = 0.049), as compared to mast cell‐competent littermates. Mast cell‐deficient female mice had significantly less atherosclerotic changes in aortic sinus (43%, P = 0.011). Furthermore, we found a significant positive correlation between the extent of atherosclerosis and the number of adventitial/perivascular mast cells in aortic sinus of mast cell‐competent mice (r = 0.615, P = 0.015). Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in both male (63%, P = 0.0005 and 57%, P = 0.004) and female (73%, P = 0.00009 and 54%, P = 0.007) mast cell‐deficient mice, with a concomitant decrease in atherogenic apoB‐containing particles and serum preβ‐high‐density lipoprotein and phospholipid transfer protein activity in both male (69% and 24%) and female (74% and 54%) mast cell‐deficient mice. Serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule was decreased in both male (32%, P = 0.004) and female (28%, P = 0.003) mast cell‐deficient mice, whereas serum amyloid A was similar between mast cell‐deficient and competent mice. In conclusion, mast cells participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in ldlr−/− mice by inducing both an atherogenic lipid profile and vascular inflammation. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 615–623, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlations between auditory structures and hearing sensitivity in non‐human primates
Authors: Coleman Mark N. , Colbert Matthew W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPrimates show distinctions in hearing sensitivity and auditory morphology that generally follow phylogenetic patterns. However, few previous studies have attempted to investigate how differences in primate hearing are directly related to differences in ear morphology. This research helps fill this void by exploring the form‐to‐function relationships of the auditory system in a phylogenetically broad sample of non‐human primates. Numerous structures from the outer, middle, and inner ears were measured in taxa with known hearing capabilities. The structures investigated include the overall size and shape of the pinna, the areas of the tympanic membrane and stapedial footplate, the masses and lever arm lengths of the ossicles, the volumes of the middle ear cavities, and the length of the cochlea. The results demonstrate that a variety of auditory structures show significant correlations with certain aspects of hearing (particularly low‐frequency sensitivity). Although the majority of these relationships agree with expectations from auditory theory, some traditional (and possibly outdated) ideas were not supported. For example, the common misconception that higher middle ear transformer ratios (e.g., impedance transformer ratio) result in increased hearing sensitivity was not supported. Although simple correlations between form and function do not necessarily imply causality, the relationships defined in this study not only increase our understanding of auditory patterns in extant taxa but also lay the foundation to begin investigating the hearing in fossil primates. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative myoanatomy of cycliophoran life cycle stages
Authors: Neves Ricardo C. , Cunha Marina R. , Funch Peter , Kristensen Reinhardt M. , Wanninger Andreas 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe metazoan phylum Cycliophora includes small cryptic epibionts that live attached to the mouthparts of clawed lobsters. The life cycle is complex, with alternating sexual and asexual generations, and involves several sessile and free‐living stages. So far, the morphological and genetic characterization of cycliophorans has been unable to clarify the phylogenetic position of the phylum. In this study, we add new details on the muscular anatomy of the feeding stage, the attached Prometheus larva, the dwarf male, and the female of one of the two hitherto described species, Symbion pandora. The musculature of the feeding stage is composed of myofibers that run longitudinally in the buccal funnel (two fibers) and in the trunk (variable number of fibers). The mouth opening is lined by a myoepithelial ring musculature. A complex myoepithelial sphincter is situated proximal to the anus. In the attached Prometheus larva, three longitudinal sets of myofilaments run dorsally, laterally, and ventrally along the entire anterior‐posterior body axis. The muscular architecture of the dwarf male is complex, especially close to the penis, in the posterior part of the body. An X‐shaped muscle structure is found on the dorsal side, whereas on the ventral side, longitudinal muscles and a V‐shaped muscle structure are present. These muscles are complemented by additional dorsoventral muscles. The mesodermal muscle fibers attach to the cuticle via the epidermis in all life cycle stages studied herein. The musculature of the female is similar to that of the Pandora larva of Symbion americanus and includes dorsoventral muscles and longitudinal muscles that run in the dorsal and ventral body region. Overall, our results reveal striking similarities in the muscular arrangement of the life cycle stages of both Symbion species. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of mast cell activation in inducing microglial cells to release neurotrophin
Authors: Yuan Hongbin , Zhu Xiaoling , Zhou Shuangqiong , Chen Qianbo , Zhu Xiaoxing , Ma Xue , He Xingying , Tian Mouli , Shi Xueyin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a critical role in pain hypersensitivity. BDNF is the ligand of P2X4 receptors (P2X4R) in the microglia. The causative factors involving the P2X4R over expression in the microglia remains unclear. Mast cell activation has a close relation with pain hypersensitivity. However, the underlying mechanism between mast cell activation and pain hypersensitivity is unknown. The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which mast cell activation promoted the expression of P2X4R in the microglia. The results of present study showed that mast cell activation markedly promoted the expression of P2X4R and BDNF in microglial cells, which significantly enhanced the release of BDNF from microglial cells upon exposure to adenosine triphosphate. Mast cell‐derived tryptase activated PAR2 that resulted in promoting the expression of P2X4R in microglial cells. Pretreatment with antibodies against tryptase or PAR2, or using tryptase‐deficient HMC‐1 cells or PAR2‐deficient microglial cells abolished the increase in P2X4R expression and BDNF release. Increase in mitogen activated protein kinase phosphorylation was observed in the processes of mast cell‐induced BDNF release and P2X4R expression. We conclude that mast cell activation has the capacity to promote the expression of P2X4R and BDNF in microglial cells. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Necroptosis, a novel form of caspase‐independent cell death, contributes to neuronal damage in a retinal ischemia‐reperfusion injury model
Authors: Rosenbaum Daniel M. , Degterev Alexei , David Joel , Rosenbaum Pearl S. , Roth Steven , Grotta James C. , Cuny Gregory D. , Yuan Junying , Savitz Sean I. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNecroptosis is programmed necrosis triggered by death receptor signaling. We investigated whether necroptosis contributes to neuronal damage and functional impairment in a model of retinal ischemia. Methods: Sprague‐Dawley rats were subjected to raised intra‐ocular pressure for 45 min and received intravitreal injections of the specific necroptosis inhibitor, Nec‐1, its inactive analogue (Nec‐1i) or vehicle. Seven days after ischemia, ERGs were performed and then the eyes were enucleated for histological analysis. In other animals, retinas were subjected to propodium iodide, TUNEL staining or Western Blotting and probed with anti‐LC‐3 antibody. Results: Retinal ischemia resulted in selective neuronal degeneration of the inner layers. Pretreatment with Nec‐1 led to significant preservation in thickness and histoarchitecture of the inner retina and functional improvement compared with vehicle‐treated controls. Pretreatment with Nec‐1i did not provide histological or functional protection. Post‐treatment with Nec‐1 also significantly attenuated the ERG b‐wave reduction compared with ischemic vehicle controls. Nec‐1 had no effect on the number of caspase or TUNEL‐labelled cells in the ischemic retina but did inhibit the induction of LC‐3 II and reduced the number of PI‐labelled cells after ischemia. Conclusion: Necroptosis is an important mode of neuronal cell death and involves autophagy in a model of retinal ischemia. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of dietary level of methionine on growth performance and immune response in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Parvin Rana , Mandal Asit B , Singh Satyendra M , Thakur Rakesh 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Methionine (Met) being the first limiting amino acid in maize/soybean‐based quail diets, its supplementation provides scope for improvement of protein quality and reduction of dietary protein concentration. The question remains to what extent it can be incorporated in the diet of genetically improved quails. Therefore the effect of dietary Met level was assessed on growth performance and immune response in growing Japanese quails (n = 400) divided equally into 20 groups. Five dietary treatments (∼230 g kg−1 crude protein and 12.14 MJ kg−1 metabolisable energy) were formulated with 3.5, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0 g kg−1 Met respectively, and each was offered to four groups of birds from 0 to 35 days of age.RESULTS: Live weight at day 35 increased (P < 0.0001) up to 5.0 g kg−1 dietary Met level but did not improve further at higher Met levels (5.5 and 6.0 g kg−1). Improved (P < 0.039) feed conversion ratio was achieved at 5.5 g kg−1 Met level, which was statistically similar to that at 5.0 g kg−1 Met level during 0–14 days of age. Cellular (phytohaemagglutinin from Phaseolus vulgaris) immune response increased (P < 0.0001) with increasing dietary Met concentration, whereas humoral (sheep red blood cells) immune response did not differ.CONCLUSION: The optimal requirement of Met was 5.0 g kg−1 for growth and 5.5 g kg−1 for maximum cellular immune response. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of human papillomavirus type 11‐specific immune responses in a preclinical model
Authors: Peng Shiwen , Best Simon R. , Hung Chien‐Fu , Loyo Myriam , Lyford‐Pike Sofia , Flint Paul W. , Tunkel David E. , Saunders John R. , Wu T. C. , Pai Sara I. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 are associated with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Although a prophylactic vaccine has been developed that protects against HPV infection, a therapeutic vaccine is still needed for those patients infected with and/or suffering from persistent disease. Therefore, we developed a novel, therapeutic DNA vaccine targeting HPV‐11 and characterized the in vivo immunologic responses generated against HPV‐11 E6 and E7 after DNA vaccination in a preclinical model.Methods:We generated a DNA vaccine that encodes the HPV‐11 E6 and E7 genes in a pcDNA3 backbone plasmid. We then vaccinated C57BL/6 mice with the pcDNA3‐HPV11‐E6E7 DNA plasmid. Splenocytes were harvested from these vaccinated animals and were incubated with overlapping peptides spanning either the HPV‐11 E6 or E7 protein. The frequency of interferon‐γ–releasing CD8+ T cell responses was then analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:Vaccinated mice with the HPV11‐E6E7 DNA generated strong CD8+ T cell responses against the E6aa44‐51 peptide. We determined that the epitope is presented by the MHC class I H2‐Kb molecule. No significant E7 peptide‐specific T cell responses were observed.Conclusions:We developed a novel DNA vaccine that targets the E6 gene of HPV‐11. Characterization of the immunologic responses elicited by this DNA vaccine reveals that the E6aa44‐51 peptide contains the most immunogenic region for the HPV‐11 viral type. Knowledge of this specific T cell epitope and generation of a RRP preclinical model will allow for the development and evaluation of novel vaccine strategies targeting the RRP patient population. Laryngoscope, 2010
Learning mode: Adapting and innovating is crucial for teams
Authors: Lindoerfer Dennis 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTeams in the modern organizational world are awash in change and confronted by continually shifting opportunities and threats. Those that do not learn and adapt are bound to fail. There are four general practices teams can engage in to ensure they are learning as they work: establishing a climate for learning, continually assessing team members' work together, working with a team coach, and managing knowledge effectively. The team leader plays a central role in all of these efforts.
Transcriptome analysis in benefit–risk assessment of micronutrients and bioactive food components
Authors: Keijer Jaap , van Helden Yvonne G. J. , Bunschoten Annelies , van Schothorst Evert M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe establishment of functional effects due to variation in concentrations of micronutrients in our diet is difficult since they are often not immediately recognized as being healthy or unhealthy. Indeed, effects induced by micronutrients are hard to identify and therefore the establishment of the recommended daily intake, the optimal intake and the upper limit pose a challenge. For bioactive food components this is even more complicated. Whole‐genome transcriptome analysis is highly suitable to obtain unbiased information on potential affected biological processes on a whole‐genome level. Here, we will describe and discuss several aspects of transcriptome analysis in benefit–risk assessment, including effect size, sensitivity and statistical power, that have to be taken into account to faithfully identify functional effects of micronutrients and bioactive food components.
Theoretical and experimental evaluation of continuous arterial spin labeling techniques
Authors: Pohmann Rolf , Budde Juliane , Auerbach Edward J. , Adriany Gregor , Uğurbil Kâmil 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContinuous arterial spin labeling is known to be the most sensitive arterial spin labeling technique. To avoid magnetization transfer effects and to overcome hardware limitations, several sequences have been proposed that adiabatically label the inflowing blood. Four of these methods are examined with respect to their sensitivity both theoretically by Bloch equation simulations and experimentally. All sequences were optimized carefully by adjusting their measurement parameters based exclusively on the results of simulations. Perfusion measurements on the human brain obtained at 3 T result in excellent images from all techniques, while differences in sensitivity are similar to those expected from the simulations. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hybrid ultrasound MRI for improved cardiac imaging and real‐time respiration control
Authors: Feinberg David A. , Giese Daniel , Bongers D. Andre , Ramanna Sudhir , Zaitsev Maxim , Markl Michael , Günther Matthias 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA hybridized dual‐imaging system combining real‐time ultrasound imaging and MRI was utilized for cardiac imaging at 1.5 T and 3 T. The ultrasound scanner with a programmable software interface was connected via computer to the MRI scanner. Electronic noise was eliminated with electromagnetic shielding and grounding to the screen room. At 3 T, real‐time prospective motion compensation in dynamic cine cardiac imaging was implemented using B‐mode ultrasound imaging. The ultrasound technique avoided drawbacks such as signal saturation or steady‐state interruption of the MR navigator gating. At 1.5 T, a low‐latency real‐time feedback to balanced steady state free precision MR imaging was performed in three normal volunteers. Results showed active tracking of the heart during respiratory motion and improvement in time‐averaged cardiovascular images. Future studies can fully exploit the potential of the high‐frequency position information provided by the ultrasound system for more advanced applications in real‐time organ tracking. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigating afferent nerve activity from the lower urinary tract: Highlighting some basic research techniques and clinical evaluation methods
Authors: Wyndaele Jean Jacques 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAimsTo give a review of some basic research recording and clinical evaluations of bladder afferent nerves and the sensory information related to them.MethodsLiterature survey.ResultsDirect investigation of the afferent nerve pathways of the lower urinary tract (LUT) can be done in animal studies where potentials can be recorded and measured directly in the dorsal roots after laminectomy. Differentiation between A delta and C fibers is possible when conduction speed is determined. In humans afferent innervation can be studied clinically with determination of the sensation on sensation‐related bladder diary, during cystometrical bladder filling, with local electrical stimulation. All need further study. Electrodiagnostic tests are further explored.ConclusionsBoth basic research and clinical evaluation of afferent nerves and sensory function in the LUT are possible. To find out how both relate to each other, and how this function can be evaluated, is the task to be done now. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 56–62, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incontinence in the frail elderly: Report from the 4th international consultation on incontinence
Authors: DuBeau Catherine E. , Kuchel George A. , Johnson II Theodore , Palmer Mary H. , Wagg Adrian 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAimsTo summarize current knowledge on the etiology, assessment, and management of urinary incontinence (UI) in frail older persons. “Frail” here indicates a person with a clinical phenotype combining impaired physical activity, mobility, muscle strength, cognition, nutrition, and endurance, associated with being homebound or in care institutions and a high risk of intercurrent disease, disability, and death.MethodsRevision of 3rd ICI report using systematic review covering years 2004–2008.ResultsWe focus on the etiologic, management, and treatment implications of the key concept that UI in frail persons constitutes a syndromic model with multiple interacting risk factors, including age‐related physiologic changes, comorbidity, and the common pathways between them. We present new findings with evidence summaries based on all previous data, and an evidence‐based algorithm for evaluation and management of UI in frail elderly. We also present new evidence and summarize the data on etiology and management of nocturia and urinary retention in frail elderly.ConclusionsDespite the overwhelming burden of UI among this population, there remains a continuing paucity of new clinical trials in frail elderly, limiting evidence for the effectiveness of the full range of UI therapy. Future research is needed on current UI treatments (especially models of care delivery, and pharmacologic and surgical therapies), novel management approaches, and the etiologic mechanisms and pathways of the syndromic model. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 165–178, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurologic urinary incontinence
Authors: Wyndaele J.J. , Kovindha A. , Madersbacher H. , Radziszewski P. , Ruffion A. , Schurch B. , Castro D. , Igawa Y. , Sakakibara R. , Wein A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIntroductionThis manuscript summarizes the work of Committee 10 on neurologic bladder and bowel of the International Consultation on Incontinence in 2008–2009. As the data are very large the outcome is presented in different manuscripts. This manuscript deals with neurologic urinary incontinence.MethodsThrough in debt literature review all aspects of neurological urinary incontinence were studied for levels of evidence. Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment, and for future research were made.ResultsPathophysiology was summarized for different levels of lesions. For epidemiology, specific diagnostics, conservative treatment and surgical treatment of neurologic urinary incontinence, levels of evidence and grades of recommendation were made following ICUD criteria.ConclusionsThough data are available that advice and guide in the management of urinary incontinence in neurologic patients, not many data have a high level of evidence or permit a high grade of recommendation. More and well‐structured research is needed. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 159–164, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung adenocarcinoma cells floating in lymphatic vessels resist anoikis by expressing phosphorylated Src
Authors: Sakuma Yuji , Takeuchi Tomoyo , Nakamura Yoshiyasu , Yoshihara Mitsuyo , Matsukuma Shoichi , Nakayama Haruhiko , Ohgane Naoki , Yokose Tomoyuki , Kameda Yoichi , Tsuchiya Eiju , Miyagi Yohei 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe ability to resist anoikis is critical for carcinoma cells to metastasize. Although several lung adenocarcinoma cell lines were shown to repress anoikis through the activation of Src, it remains unknown whether Src actually plays a crucial role in anoikis resistance in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. We examined 20 human lung adenocarcinoma tissues with lymphatic permeation and nine cell lines to investigate whether intralymphatic floating carcinoma cells in the tissues, used as an in vivo model of anoikis resistance, actually suppressed anoikis and whether cell lines in suspension culture, an in vitro model of anoikis resistance, survived through Src activation. We observed that the intralymphatic carcinoma cells aggregated tightly to form nests expressing E‐cadherin and phosphorylated Src (p‐Src). The apoptotic indices of these cells were comparable to those of extracellular matrix adhesive cells in all tissues, indicating that the intralymphatic cells actually evaded anoikis. Next, we found that the nine cell lines in suspension aggregated loosely (five cell lines) or tightly (four cell lines), and all cells resisted anoikis. Upon detachment, four cell lines (LC‐KJ, HCC827, H1650, and H1975) formed compact spheroids that expressed E‐cadherin and p‐Src. The spheroids were similar to intralymphatic tumour nests and were thus considered to be a suitable model of the nests. The spheroids of the four cell lines underwent apoptosis after treatment with the Src/Abl/Kit inhibitor PP1 or Src/Abl inhibitor bosutinib. On the other hand, the Abl/Kit inhibitor imatinib did not affect cell growth or apoptosis in the four types of spheroids. These results indicate that Src, but not Abl or Kit, plays an essential role in the development of anoikis resistance in lung adenocarcinomas. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.