bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opacity and Lucency Sign of the Seventh Lumbar Vertebra in Dogs
Authors: Kneissl S. , Probst A. , Wagmann E. , Tichy A. G. 
Published: June 2010

With 2 figuresSummaryA curvilinear opacity of the seventh vertebral arch and an adjacent focal lucency of the seventh lumbar vertebral body were incidentally noted in routine radiographs. The aim of this study was to analyze this radiographic absorption pattern using a sample of 51 dogs. Images of the bony surface of three macerated lumbosacral junctions were compared to their laterolateral radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) scans. Additional 48 lateral radiographic projections were reviewed for presence or absence of L7 opacity and lucency, length of the L6 and L7 vertebral bodies, vertebral disc disease, osteochondrosis, or spondylosis. Retrieved data were compiled and statistically analyzed. Radiographs and CT scans of the macerated bones revealed that the L7 pedicle had thickened layers of compact bone and the adjacent vertebral notch varying depth and extension. Superimposition of the pedicle on the vertebral body resulted in a curvilinear opacity (L7 opacity), the vertebral notch caused the focal lucency (L7 lucency). These findings were present in 69% of the reviewed radiographs and were found to be significantly associated with L6–L7 length ratios of less than 0.86 (P = 0.003). It is hypothesized that the changes correspond with normal anatomic morphology of the seventh lumbar vertebra plus adaptive bone remodelling. The importance of this study is that it could help avoid misinterpretation of this appearance as a pathologic condition.
A comparison between paper‐based and online learning in higher education
Authors: Emerson Lisa , MacKay Bruce 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTo date researchers have had difficulty establishing reliable conclusions in studies comparing traditional forms of learning (eg paper‐based or classroom based) vs online learning in relation to student learning outcomes; no consistent results have emerged, and many studies have not been controlled for factors other than lesson mode. This paper compares the effects of presenting two versions of lessons on punctuation that differed only in their mode of presentation. 59 students completed a pre‐lesson questionnaire, and after the lessons completed another questionnaire plus the NASA‐TLX which tests subjective cognitive workload stress. The results showed that students who sat the lessons on paper performed 24% better than those who sat the lessons online. Reasons for this difference in learning outcomes are considered, but no clear reason is apparent in the data from this study. The study sounds a note of caution in terms of the move by tertiary institutions to online and/or blended learning, and suggests further studies are required which assess learning outcomes in different mode of learning.
Sleep disorders in Wilson’s disease
Authors: Nevsimalova S. , Buskova J. , Bruha R. , Kemlink D. , Sonka K. , Vitek L. , Marecek Z. 
Published: June 2010

Background:  Wilson’s disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease with copper accumulation; neurodegeneration is associated with dopaminergic deficit. The aim of the study is to verify sleep co‐morbidity by questionnaire and objective sleep examinations (polysomnography, multiple sleep latency test).Methods:  Fifty‐five patients with WD (22 hepatic, 28 neurological, five asymptomatic form) and 55 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects completed a questionnaire concerning their sleep habits, sleep co‐morbidity, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and answered screening questions for rapid eye movement (REM) behaviour disorder (RBD‐SQ). Twenty‐four patients with WD and control subjects underwent polysomnographic examination.Results:  Unlike the controls, patients with WD were more prone to daytime napping accompanied by tiredness and excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy‐like episodes and poor nocturnal sleep. Their mean ESS as well as RBD‐SQ was higher than that of the controls. Total sleep time was lower, accompanied by decreased sleep efficiency and increased wakefulness. Patients with WD had lower latency of stage 1 and stage 2 of non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and less amount of NREM sleep stage 2. One‐third of the patients with WD were found to have short or borderline multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) values independent of nocturnal pathology (sleep apnoea, periodic leg movements and/or restless leg syndrome).Conclusions:  Patients with WD often suffer from sleep disturbances (regardless of the clinical form). The spectrum of sleep/wake symptoms raises the suspicion that altered REM sleep function may also be involved.
Seizures and paroxysmal events: symptoms pointing to the diagnosis of pyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy and pyridoxine phosphate oxidase deficiency
Authors: SCHMITT BERNHARD , BAUMGARTNER MATTHIAS , MILLS PHILIPPA B , CLAYTON PETER T , JAKOBS CORNELIS , KELLER ELMAR , WOHLRAB GABRIELE 
Published: June 2010

Aim  We report on seizures, paroxysmal events, and electroencephalogram (EEG) findings in four female infants with pyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy (PDE) and in one female with pyridoxine phosphate oxidase deficiency (PNPO).Method  Videos and EEGs were analysed and compared with videos of seizures and paroxysmal events archived from 140 neonates. PDE and PNPO were proven by complete control of seizures once pyridoxine or pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate was administered and by recurrence when withdrawn. Mutations in the antiquitin gene were found in three patients and in the PNPO gene in one child.Results  Seizures began within 48 hours after birth in four newborns and at age 3 weeks in one. Frequent multifocal and generalized myoclonic jerks, often intermixed with tonic symptoms, abnormal eye movement, grimacing, or irritability, were observed in all infants with PDE and PNPO, but rarely in the other archived videos of neonates. EEGs were inconstant and frequently no discernable ictal changes were recorded during the seizures and the paroxysmal events. In addition, interictal EEGs were inconclusive, with normal and abnormal recordings. In older children tonic–clonic seizures, abnormal behaviour, inconsolable crying, frightened facial expression, sleep disturbance, loss of consciousness, paraesthesia, or intermittent visual symptoms were described during controlled and uncontrolled withdrawal or insufficient dosage.Interpretation  PDE or PNPO should be considered in infants with prolonged episodes of mixed multifocal myoclonic tonic symptoms, notably when associated with grimacing and abnormal eye movements.
Using projective techniques to tap into consumers' feelings, perceptions and attitudes . . . getting an honest opinion
Authors: Doherty Susan , Nelson Roy 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn investigation into customer loyalty to food retailers posed a methodological problem – namely how to delve beneath the surface and access consumers' unspoken feelings, perceptions, attitudes and values. This paper explains how four different projective techniques were used to access the thoughts and feelings of 160 interviewees in order to obtain a thorough understanding of the interviewees' satisfaction with their ‘main’ food retailer and to characterize the relationship between the customer and retailer. A brief description of the use, analysis and examples of cartoon friends, word association, personification and mini case studies was provided in order to describe their role in the data collection process.
Paradigm, methodology and method: intellectual integrity in consumer scholarship
Authors: McGregor Sue L.T. , Murnane Jennifer A 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe intellectual integrity, trustworthiness and diversity of consumer scholarship depend on researchers accounting for the methodological (philosophical) underpinnings of their work. The discussion is predicated on the assumption that many scholars do not clearly differentiate between methodology and method. To address this issue, the paper distinguishes between these two concepts, identifies four axioms of methodologies, identifies and describes two overarching research paradigms (positivism and post‐positivism), contrasts quantitative/qualitative with positivistic/post‐positivistic, and positions consumer scholarship with three dominant research methodologies: scientific, interpretive and critical. Suggestions are offered about what various actors can do to better ensure responsible consumer scholarship through methodological accountability.
Differential effects of uridine adenosine tetraphosphateon purinoceptors in the rat isolated perfused kidney
Authors: Tölle Markus , Schuchardt Mirjam , Wiedon Annette , Huang Tao , Klöckel Lars , Jankowski Joachim , Jankowski Vera , Zidek Walter , Van Der Giet Markus 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPurinergic signalling plays an important role in vascular tone regulation in humans. We have identified uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up4A) as a novel and highly potent endothelial‐derived contracting factor. Up4A induces strong vasoconstrictive effects in the renal vascular system mainly by P2X1receptor activation. However, other purinoceptors are also involved and were analysed here.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHThe rat isolated perfused kidney was used to characterize vasoactive actions of Up4A.KEY RESULTSAfter desensitization of the P2X1receptor by α,β‐methylene ATP (α,β‐meATP), Up4A showed dose‐dependent P2Y2‐mediated vasoconstriction. Continuous perfusion with Up4A evoked a biphasic vasoconstrictor effect: there was a strong and rapidly desensitizing vasoconstriction, inhibited by P2X1receptor desensitization. In addition, there is a long‐lasting P2Y2‐mediated vasoconstriction. This vasoconstriction could be blocked by suramin, but not by PPADS or reactive blue 2. In preparations of the rat isolated perfused kidney model with an elevated vascular tone, bolus application of Up4A showed a dose‐dependent vasoconstriction that was followed by a dose‐dependent vasodilation. The vasoconstriction was in part sensitive to P2X1receptor desensitization by α,β‐meATP, and the remaining P2Y2‐mediated vasoconstriction was only inhibited by suramin. The Up4A‐induced vasodilation depended on activation of nitric oxide synthases, and was mediated by P2Y1and P2Y2receptor activation.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSUp4A activated P2X1and P2Y2receptors to act as a vasoconstrictor, whereas endothelium‐dependent vasodilation was induced by P2Y1/2receptor activation. Up4A might be of relevance in the physiology and pathophysiology of vascular tone regulation.
Object Recognition Under Distorted Prosthetic Vision
Authors: Guo Hong , Wang Youmin , Yang Yuan , Tong Shanbao , Zhu Yisheng , Qiu Yihong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPsychophysical studies have reported the efficacy of phosphene‐based prosthetic vision in partly recovering the visual function of blind individuals. However, results by far have been based on evenly aligned phosphene arrays, which neglected the complicated visuotopy in the visual prosthesis system. In this study, we investigated how the objects were recognized under the stimuli with distorted phosphene arrays simulated by transformations of barrel distortion, rotation, or translation. The results revealed that distortions significantly decreased the accuracy of categorization (CA) and showed distinct interactive effects with the factors of object category and phosphene array density. Moreover, the CA changed differently with the increase of distortion levels. Regression analysis suggested a phosphene array of at least 10 × 10 be the essential for achieving a CA over the threshold value (CAt = 62.5%) under distorted prosthetic vision. It is recommended that discriminative features be extracted to improve the performance of prosthetic vision.
Left Atrial Appendage Studied by Computed Tomography to Help Planning for Appendage Closure Device Placement
Authors: WANG YAN , DI BIASE LUIGI , HORTON RODNEY P. , NGUYEN TUAN , MORHANTY PRASANT , NATALE ANDREA 
Published: June 2010

Left Atrial Appendage Studied by Computed Tomography. Objective: To quantitatively study various morphologic parameters of the left atrial appendage (LAA) by computed tomography (CT) to aid the preoperative planning and implantation of left atrial appendage closure devices.
Methods:
In 612 cases of patients with or without atrial fibrillation (AF), a cardiac CT study was performed.
Results:
The classification of general LAA morphology included ChickenWing type (18.3%), WindSock (46.7%), Cauliflower type (29.1%), and Cactus type (5.9%). Anatomical relationship of the LAA to the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV) were classified as high type (superior to LSPV, 30.2%), mid type (parallel to LSPV, 58.1%), and low type (inferior to LSPV, 11.7%). LAA ostium could be classified into 5 types including oval (68.9%), foot‐like (10%), triangular (7.7%), water drop‐like (7.7%), and round (5.7%). Two‐dimensional (2D) orthogonal method was obviously not accurate for determining the LAA orifice because the measurement was often unparallel to the LAA orifice. Two‐dimensional oblique method was better than 3‐dimensional method in reproducibility to determine the size of LAA ostium. The diameter calculated from the perimeter of the LAA ostium was superior to the diameter from direct measurement of the LAA ostium for selecting the occluder.
Conclusion:
The morphology of the LAA and the LA ostium are extremely complex and heterogeneous. Sixty‐four‐channel cardiac CT could assist preoperative planning of LAA closure device placement. The diameter of the LAA ostium calculated from the perimeter is the best parameter for sizing the LAA occluder. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 973‐982, September 2010)
Relationship of brain parenchyma within the caudal cranial fossa and ventricle size to syringomyelia in cavalier King Charles spaniels
Authors: Driver C. J. , Rusbridge C. , Cross H. R. , McGonnell I. , Volk H. A. 
Published: June 2010

Objectives: To assess if the volumes of the caudal cranial fossa (CCF), parenchyma within the caudal cranial fossa (CCFP) or ventricles (V) are associated with syringomyelia (SM) in cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS) with Chiari‐like malformation (CM). To evaluate if volumes are associated with transverse syrinx width. Methods: Magnetic resonance images of 59 CKCS with CM were retrospectively reviewed and grouped with or without SM. Three‐dimensional images were created and volumes of the fossae, brain parenchyma and ventricular system were calculated from which percentages of CCF, CCFP and V were created. If present, syrinx size was measured from its maximal transverse width. The percentages were statistically compared between groups, and correlation between percentages and syrinx dimensions was made. Results: CKCS with SM had significantly higher CCFP (P=0·0001) and V (P=0·0002) to those without but no significant difference in CCF (P=0·925). There was a positive correlation between CCFP and syrinx width (Pearson r=0·437) and ventricle size to syrinx width (Spearman r=0·627). Clinical Significance: A more marked overcrowding of the CCF is associated with SM, which may explain the high incidence of SM in CKCS with CM. The association between ventricle and syrinx dimensions supports the theory that SM development is the result of altered cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.
HapStar: automated haplotype network layout and visualization
Authors: TEACHER A. G. F. , GRIFFITHS D. J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHaplotype networks are commonly used for representing associations between sequences, yet there is currently no straightforward way to create optimal layouts. Automated optimal layouts are particularly useful not only because of the time‐saving element but also because they avoid both human error and human‐induced biases in the presentation of figures. HapStar directly uses the network connection output data generated from Arlequin (or a simple user‐generated input file) and uses a force‐directed algorithm to automatically lay out the network for easy visualization. In addition, this program is able to use the alternative connections generated by Arlequin to create a minimum spanning tree. HapStar provides a straightforward user‐friendly interface, and publication‐ready figures can be exported simply. HapStar is freely available (under a GPLv3 licence) for download for MacOSX, UNIX and Windows, at http://fo.am/hapstar.
The usability of peritoneal lactate concentration as a prognostic marker in horses with severe colic admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital
Authors: Van Den Boom R. , Butler C. M. , Sloet van Oldruitenborgh‐Oosterbaan M. M. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryColic can be a life‐threatening condition in horses and there is a need for parameters that can help determine the prognosis and need for surgery. The aim of the study was to investigate whether peritoneal fluid (PF) lactate concentration is useful for this purpose in horses with severe colic presented to a veterinary hospital. During a 16 month period, the peritoneal fluid (PF) lactate concentration was measured in 74 of 760 colic horses admitted to the Utrecht University equine clinic using a portable analyser. When comparing survivors and nonsurvivors, heart rate, PF and blood lactate concentrations and blood glucose concentration were significantly higher in horses that did not survive. No horse with a PF lactate concentration >9.4 mmol/l survived. The presence of a strangulating lesion was also significantly associated with nonsurvival, as was PF colour: no horse with red PF survived in the present series. In horses with yellow PF, the blood glucose concentration was correlated with the presence of a strangulating intestinal lesion. Peritoneal lactate concentrations can be easily and rapidly measured using a portable analyser and may be useful in assessing the prognosis and/or need for surgery in equine colic cases.
Revised Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (Stricta): Extending the Consort Statement
Authors: MacPherson Hugh , Altman Douglas G , Hammerschlag Richard , Li Youping , Wu Taixiang , White Adrian , Moher David 
Published: June 2010

The STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) were published in five journals in 2001 and 2002. These guidelines, in the form of a checklist and explanations for use by authors and journal editors, were designed to improve reporting of acupuncture trials, particularly the interventions, thereby facilitating their interpretation and replication. Subsequent reviews of the application and impact of STRICTA have highlighted the value of STRICTA as well as scope for improvements and revision. To manage the revision process a collaboration between the STRICTA Group, the CONSORT Group and the Chinese Cochrane Centre was developed in 2008. An expert panel with 47 participants was convened that provided electronic feedback on a revised draft of the checklist. At a subsequent face-to-face meeting in Freiburg, a group of 21 participants further revised the STRICTA checklist and planned dissemination. The new STRICTA checklist, which is an official extension of CONSORT, includes 6 items and 17 subitems. These set out reporting guidelines for the acupuncture rationale, the details of needling, the treatment regimen, other components of treatment, the practitioner background and the control or comparator interventions. In addition, and as part of this revision process, the explanations for each item have been elaborated, and examples of good reporting for each item are provided. In addition, the word ‘controlled’ in STRICTA is replaced by ‘clinical’, to indicate that STRICTA is applicable to a broad range of clinical evaluation designs, including uncontrolled outcome studies and case reports. It is intended that the revised STRICTA checklist, in conjunction with both the main CONSORT statement and extension for non-pharmacological treatment, will raise the quality of reporting of clinical trials of acupuncture.
The Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Regulatory Subunit p85α Can Exert Tumor Suppressor Properties through Negative Regulation of Growth Factor Signaling
Authors: Taniguchi Cullen M. , Winnay Jonathon , Kondo Tatsuya , Bronson Roderick T. , Guimaraes Alexander R. , Alemán José O. , Luo Ji , Stephanopoulos Gregory , Weissleder Ralph , Cantley Lewis C. , Kahn C. Ronald 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis, and the PI3K p85 regulatory subunit exerts both positive and negative effects on signaling. Expression of Pik3r1, the gene encoding p85, is decreased in human prostate, lung, ovarian, bladder, and liver cancers, consistent with the possibility that p85 has tumor suppressor properties. We tested this hypothesis by studying mice with a liver-specific deletion of the Pik3r1 gene. These mice exhibited enhanced insulin and growth factor signaling and progressive changes in hepatic pathology, leading to the development of aggressive hepatocellular carcinomas with pulmonary metastases. Liver tumors that arose exhibited markedly elevated levels of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate, along with Akt activation and decreased PTEN expression, at both the mRNA and protein levels. Together, these results substantiate the concept that the p85 subunit of PI3K has a tumor-suppressive role in the liver and possibly other tissues. Cancer Res; 70(13); 5305–15. ©2010 AACR.
Halogenated Benzimidazole Carboxamides Target Integrin α4β1 on T-Cell and B-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Carpenter Richard D. , Natarajan Arutselvan , Lau Edmond Y. , Andrei Mirela , Solano Danielle M. , Lightstone Felice C. , DeNardo Sally J. , Lam Kit S. , Kurth Mark J. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Integrin α4β1 is an attractive but poorly understood target for selective diagnosis and treatment of T-cell and B-cell lymphomas. This report focuses on the rapid microwave preparation, structure-activity relationships, and biological evaluation of medicinally pertinent benzimidazole heterocycles as integrin α4β1 antagonists. We documented tumor uptake of derivatives labeled with 125I in xenograft murine models of B-cell lymphoma. Molecular homology models of integrin α4β1 predicted that docked halobenzimidazole carboxamides have the halogen atom in a suitable orientation for halogen-hydrogen bonding. The high-affinity halogenated ligands identified offer attractive tools for medicinal and biological use, including fluoro and iodo derivatives with potential radiodiagnostic (18F) or radiotherapeutic (131I) applications, or chloro and bromo analogues that could provide structural insights into integrin-ligand interactions through photoaffinity, cross-linking/mass spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallographic studies. Cancer Res; 70(13); 5448–56. ©2010 AACR.