bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inherent illnesses and attacks: an ethnographic study of interpretations of childhood Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) in Manhiça, southern Mozambique
Authors: Straus Lianne , Munguambe Khátia , Bassat Quique , Machevo Sonia , Pell Christopher , Roca Anna , Pool Robert 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
Pneumonia is a leading cause of childhood hospitalisation and child mortality in Africa. This study explores local interpretations of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs), focusing on caretakers of children under five in the context of hospital care seeking.

Methods
The study took place in Manhiça, southern Mozambique and used Focused Ethnographic Study tools (FES) including field exercises and interviews.

Results
Understandings of terms used to describe ARIs differed between caretakers and hospital staff. Children's sicknesses that hospital staff diagnosed as ARIs were interpreted by caretakers as intermittent "attacks" of xifuva, a permanent, inherent and incurable chest illness. Caretakers thought that it was possible to manage and treat the attacks, which were caused by immediate natural factors such as food or the weather, but not the underlying illness, which was seen as having more indirect and social causes. Explanations of illness could not be neatly separated into pluralistic categories, but were characterised by syncretism, with "lay" and "biomedical" terms and concepts intermingling in practical care-seeking interactions between caretakers and health staff.

Conclusions
Health promotion should take into account the syncretism involved in explanations of ARIs in the context of practical care seeking for children. In doing so, it should draw upon lay interpretations and terminologies in order to stress the importance of seeking hospital care for all xifuva-type illnesses as well as seeking care for any subsequent attacks of an already diagnosed xifuva. However, this should be undertaken with awareness that the meanings of the terms used in practical care-seeking interactions may change over time. Health communication about ARIs should therefore be ongoing and evidence-based, even if ARIs appear to be well understood.
Functionalization of Silica Surface by Tetrahydroxyporphyrin via Si–O Linkages
Authors: Minamijima Nagisa , Furuta Nao , Wakunami Shintaro , Mizutani Tadashi 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
To construct an interface between a π-conjugated organic molecule and an inorganic/metal surface, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(5-hydroxypentyloxy)phenyl]porphyrin was chemisorbed on silica gel by refluxing in pyridine. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that 1.5–6.3 mg tetrahydroxyporphyrin was adsorbed on 50 mg of silica gel. To functionalize the surface of a silicate glass plate with the porphyrin, a spin-coated film of the porphyrin on the glass plate was heated at 80–296 °C, followed by sonication in pyridine to remove the unreacted porphyrin. Heating above 130 °C gave a monolayer film. The reaction proceeds between two solid phases since the melting point of the porphyrin was 293 °C. The threshold temperature for the reaction to proceed was 90, 160, and 250 °C for 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(5-hydroxypentyloxy)phenyl]porphyrin, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(5-acetoxypentyloxy)phenyl]porphyrin, and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hexyloxyphenyl)porphyrin, respectively. The different reactivities of the alcohol, ester, and ether functional groups could be used to construct highly sophisticated organic–inorganic surfaces.
Silver-Catalyzed Carbon Dioxide Incorporation and Rearrangement on Propargylic Derivatives
Authors: Kikuchi Satoshi , Yoshida Shunsuke , Sugawara Yuudai , Yamada Wataru , Cheng Hau-Man , Fukui Kosuke , Sekine Kohei , Iwakura Izumi , Ikeno Taketo , Yamada Tohru 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
A silver/DBU catalyst system was developed for the effective synthesis of cyclic carbonate and oxazolidinone from the reaction of CO2 with propargylic alcohols and propargylic amines, respectively, in high yields under mild conditions. It was found that the [3,3]-sigmatropic Meyer–Schuster-type rearrangement of the propargylic alcohol was mediated by CO2 in DMF to afford the corresponding α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in high yields. The silver salt combined with the chiral Schiff base ligand could be applied to enantioselective chemical CO2 incorporation into various bispropargylic alcohols to produce the corresponding cyclic carbonate in high yields with high enantioselectivity. The absolute configuration was determined by VCD spectroscopy as well as by X-ray analysis. These products were found to be active for the aminolysis reaction to afford the corresponding carbamate derivatives in high yields without any loss of optical purity.
Magnetic Alignment of Poly(l-lactic acid) Containing a Nucleating Agent
Authors: Yamato Masafumi , Kudo Yuki , Takahashi Kohki , Watanabe Kazuo , Kawamoto Naoshi 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The magnetic alignment of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLA) containing octamethylenedicarboxylic dibenzoylhydrazide (OMBH) as a nucleating agent was studied. OMBH also affected PLA as a nucleating agent when about 5 wt % of d-type material was included. The magnetic alignment of PLA including OMBH was achieved. The c axis of the PLA was parallel to the magnetic field.
Ultrastable Aqueous Graphite Nanofluids Prepared by Single-step Liquid-phase Pulsed Laser Ablation (LP-PLA)
Authors: Choi Moon-Youl , Kim Dae-Suk , Hong Dae Seung , Kim Jung Ho , Kim Yong-Tae 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Ultrastable aqueous graphite nanofluids were prepared by single-step liquid-phase pulsed laser ablation (LP-PLA), and they showed an outstanding long-term stability without any agglomeration, even though no surfactant was used. It was revealed with FT-IR spectroscopy that the hydrophilic functional groups were introduced onto the surface of graphite nanoparticles and that such hydrophilic nature showing a high negative ζ potential was the origin of the outstanding long-term stability. Finally, aqueous graphite nanofluids demonstrated an enhanced thermal conductivity by 1.49% with low concentration (0.02 vol %), compared to pure water.
Synergistic Cell Killing by Magnetic and Photoirradiation Effects of Neck-structured α-Fe2O3 against Cancer (HeLa) Cells
Authors: Islam Md Shariful , Kusumoto Yoshihumi , Abdulla-Al-Mamun Md , Horie Yuji 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Nanosized neck-structured α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were prepared successfully from iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate solely by hydrothermal method. FE-SEM and TEM studies revealed a unique necked structure with a particle size of ca. 50–60 nm. The synthesized nanomaterials showed excellent colloidal stability and magnetization ability. Finally, the as-prepared α-Fe2O3 nanoparticle suspensions showed almost 100% cancer cell killing by the significant temperature increment when an AC (alternating current) magnetic field and photoirradiation were applied at a concentration of 80 µg mL−1 MEM (minimum essential medium).
Novel Environment-friendly Yellow Pigments Based on (Bi, La)VO4
Authors: Wendusu  , Ikawa Ken-ichi , Masui Toshiyuki , Imanaka Nobuhito 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Bi1−xLaxVO4 pigments were synthesized as new environment-friendly inorganic materials, and their color properties were characterized. The Bi1−xLaxVO4 pigments show brilliant yellow colors, and the most effective yellow hue was obtained for Bi0.90La0.10VO4. Since BiVO4 has been known as an environment-friendly inorganic yellow pigment and La is also a nontoxic element, the Bi0.90La0.10VO4 pigment should provide effective alternatives to conventional toxic yellow pigments.
Screening Anti-influenza Agents that Target Avian Influenza Polymerase Protein PAC from Plant Extracts Based on NMR Methods
Authors: Li Lin , Chang Sheng-Hai , Xiang Jun-Feng , Li Qian , Liang Huan-Huan , Li Jian , Bao Hong-Juan , Tang Ya-Lin , Liu Ying-Fang 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus poses a global threat to human health. Avian influenza RNA polymerase protein PAC was used in the screening of two herbal plant extracts for anti-influenza agents. As a result, chlorogenic acid was identified to be PAC ligand and was discovered to inhibit polymerase activity. Hence, this work revealed a potential anti-influenza lead compound and provided an important step in the discovery of new anti-influenza drugs.
Nickel-catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones with Vinyl Oxiranes
Authors: Sako Saori , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed cycloaddition of α,β-unsaturated ketones with vinyl oxiranes to afford polysubstituted tetrahydrofurans has been developed. The key intermediate is a five-membered nickelacycle, which is formed by oxidative cyclization of nickel(0) to α,β-unsaturated ketones.
Training evaluation of the Secondary 3 Training Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Chak Yammy L.Y. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
A total of 235 participants from 48 schools participated in a 3-day training program designed to train teachers and social workers to implement the Secondary 3 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong. At the end of the training program, participants were invited to respond to a structured subjective outcome evaluation questionnaire containing 31 items. The findings revealed that most of the respondents had very positive perceptions about the training program and the instructors. The present evaluation findings are consistent with the subjective outcome evaluation findings in Secondary 1 and Secondary 2 Training Programs, which revealed the training program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. generated positive reactions, enhanced learning, and desired behavioral changes in the program participants.
Secondary 1 Training Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong: qualitative evaluation findings
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Chan Chitat 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
A total of 1177 participants from 45 training workshops joined a 3-day training program of the P.A.T.H.S. Project (Secondary 1 Program) in Hong Kong. At the end of each training workshop, participants were invited to respond to a questionnaire comprising 31 structured items and two open-ended questions which assessed what they had learned and experienced in the training workshop. Qualitative analyses of the participants’ responses to the two open-ended questions showed that the participants generally had positive evaluation of the training, although some suggestions for improvements were noted. The present study, which was based on a sizable sample size, reinforced the previous evaluation findings that the Secondary 1 Training Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong promoted the knowledge and attitudes of the potential program implementers.
Perceptions of adolescents among teachers and social workers in the context of training programs in Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Chan Chitat 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
This article explores whether professionals working with young people hold a negative view on adolescents in Hong Kong. Data were collected from 1112 participants from 23 workshops in a 3-day training program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong. In the workshop, there was a group activity inviting the participants to describe the characteristics of contemporary young people in Hong Kong. The findings showed that positive comments about adolescents were only half of the negative comments. The common themes that emerged from the negative comments included: “problematic self-conceptions”, “do not have long-term life goals”, “irresponsible”, “materialistic”, and “calculative”. The common themes that emerged from the positive comments included: “good at learning new things”, “energetic”, and “creative”. The themes apparently reflected sociocultural characteristics of the contemporary Hong Kong Society.
Secondary 1 Training Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong: an evaluation based on program participants
Authors: Law Ben M.F. , Shek Daniel T.L. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
A total of 1744 participants comprising 44 groups participated in a 3-day Secondary 1 Training Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong. At the end of the training program, the participants were invited to respond to a subjective outcome evaluation. Results showed that the assessment tools are internally consistent. Descriptive statistics revealed that evaluations of the respondents are positive in terms of the training program content, interaction, trainers’ performance, self-performance, administrative arrangement, and overall satisfaction. Overall satisfaction was predicted by training content, trainers’ performance, self-performance, and interaction. Training content and trainers’ performance explain half of the total variance. The present findings reiterate other studies regarding the effectiveness of the training program of Project P.A.T.H.S. in promoting the participants’ knowledge, attitude, and skills in delivering the program.
A pilot study of a combined intervention for management of juvenile primary fibromyalgia symptoms in adolescents in an inpatient psychiatric unit
Authors: Lommel Karen , Bandyopadhyay Anuja , Martin Catherine , Kapoor Shweta , Crofford Leslie 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background: Juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome (JPFS) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and discrete tender points with no objective evidence of a muscle disease but with disordered central pain processing. Very little is known about the prevalence and treatment on inpatient psychiatric units.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an intervention for JPFS in adolescent females admitted to a psychiatric hospital.

Methods: In total, 30 patients with JPFS were assigned to either the intervention (n=15) or control group (n=15). The intervention group attended a fibromyalgia seminar followed by an audio-guided total body relaxation exercise. The control group participated in a seminar on skin care. Both groups completed a visual analog scale for affective states and somatic sensations before and after the seminar.

Results: Participants in the intervention group, but not the control group, demonstrated significant improvement in concentration, self-confidence, restfulness and comfort level (p<0.001 to p<0.05). They also reported a reduction in stress level, muscle tightness, stomach upset and feeling down (p<0.001 to p<0.05) immediately after the intervention.

Conclusions: This study provides evidence that a combined intervention can be used in the inpatient psychiatric setting to improve functioning and overall well-being of patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders and JPFS during acute hospitalization.
Hirschsprung’s disease in the neurologically challenged child
Authors: Moore Sam W. , Tshifularo Nyaweleni 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background: The association between Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) and central nervous system (CNS) anomalies and syndromes is interesting because of similar developmental pathways. In addition to associated syndromes (e.g., Trisomy 21), these include brain anomalies, mental retardation and growth, ear and hearing deformities, eye hypoplasia, and craniofacial abnormalities, suggesting an neurocristopathy. This group of patients present with neurological challenges and have special challenges in management especially in the older child and adolescent.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated 32 patients with significant HSCR-associated neurological challenges out of a local database of 555 HSCRs (6%). Data were analyzed with details of neurological problem, treatment, complications, and mortality. Long-term outcome was assessed clinically.

Results: A total of 32 neurologically challenged children were studied. The male/female ratio was 1.7:1 and all ethnic groups were affected. Abnormalities and syndromes included Down (n=16) and probable Mowat-Wilson (n=2) syndromes. Other abnormalities included ophthalmic problems (n=8), CNS and brain abnormalities (n=8). Mortality (22%) was mostly related to enterocolitis, particularly in Trisomy 21, ophthalmic problems (n=8), CNS and brain abnormalities (n=8). Follow-up age range was 1–34 years (8 years, adolescence and beyond). The outcome was variable, concomitant medical problems were common. Several patients failed to achieve satisfactory continence.

Conclusion: The association of neurological difficulties in patients with HSCR presents many challenges. Management could involve the exploration and evaluation of alternative treatment choices.
Positive youth development program targeting students with greater psychosocial needs: Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Sun Rachel C.F. , Tsui Pik Fong 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The Tier 2 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. targets adolescents with greater psychosocial needs. Based on subjective outcome evaluation data collected from 2173 participants recruited in 52 schools, 257 conclusions were reported by the program implementers in the evaluation reports. These conclusions were further analyzed via secondary data analyses. Although most of the conclusions concerning perceptions of the Tier 2 Program, instructors, and program effectiveness were positive in nature, there were also conclusions on the difficulties encountered and suggestions for improvements. Consistent with the previous evaluation findings, the present study suggests that the Tier 2 Program was well received by different stakeholders and the program was beneficial to the development of the program participants in the first year of the Experimental Implementation Phase.
Occupational, speech and emotional therapy with students attending booster classes
Authors: Regev Dafna , Reiter Shunit 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The current study reviews the work being carried out in the Naomi Therapeutic Center in Kiryat Yam, Israel. The staff in this Center decided to provide a holistic response (which includes occupational therapy, speech therapy and art therapy) to 50 elementary school special education students in five booster classes. The goal of the study was to enable these students to improve their self-image, demonstrate fewer classroom adaptive behavioral problems and bring them to function better in class by the end of the school year. Findings demonstrate that in the study group, students’ self-image scores were significantly higher at the end of the intervention program than they were prior to the intervention (p=0.040). In addition, the study group demonstrated a significant difference in adaptive behavior scores before and after the intervention, indicating fewer adaptive classroom behavior problems towards the end of the intervention (p=0.034). Finally, findings indicate that there was a significant improvement in students’ functioning on all of the occupational therapy categories.
Evaluating distributed real-time and embedded system test correctness using system execution traces
Authors: Hill James , Varshneya Pooja , Schmidt Douglas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEffective validation of distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) system quality-of-service (QoS) properties (e.g., event prioritization, latency, and throughput) requires testing system capabilities in representative execution environments. Unfortunately, evaluating the correctness of such tests is hard since it requires validating many states dispersed across many hardware and software components. To address this problem, this article presents a method called Test Execution (TE) Score for validating execution correctness of DRE system tests and empirically evaluates TE Score in the context of a representative DRE system. Results from this evaluation show that TE Score can determine the percentage correctness in test execution, and facilitate trade-off analysis of execution states, thereby increasing confidence in QoS assurance and improving test quality.
Biological network analysis and comparison: mining new biological knowledge
Authors: Fionda Valeria 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying life machinery are still not completely understood. Something is known, something is “probably” known, other things are still unknown. Scientists all over the world are working very hard to clarify the processes regulating the cell life cycle and bioinformaticians try to support them by developing specialized automated tools. Within the plethora of applications devoted to the study of life mechanisms, tools for the analysis and comparison of biological networks are catching the attention of many researchers. It is interesting to investigate why.
Spectral biometrical recognition of fingerprints
Authors: Csongrády Tibor , Pivarčiová Elena 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe article is aimed at fingerprint recognition or verification, which is used mainly in access control systems. The proposed method of fingerprint verification uses image registration (reconciliation) by applying the Fourier-Mellin transform and consequently compares images by the Fourier transform using modified phase correlation.
Analysis of the progressive sampling-based approach using real life datasets
Authors: Umarani Venkatapathy , Punithavalli Muthusamy 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe discovery of association rules is an important and challenging data mining task. Most of the existing algorithms for finding association rules require multiple passes over the entire database, and I/O overhead incurred is extremely high for very large databases. An obvious approach to reduce the complexity of association rule mining is sampling. In recent times, several sampling-based approaches have been developed for speeding up the process of association rule mining. A proficient progressive sampling-based approach is presented for mining association rules from large databases. At first, frequent itemsets are mined from an initial sample and subsequently, the negative border is computed from the mined frequent itemsets. Based on the support computed for the midpoint itemset in the sorted negative border, the sample size is either increased or association rules are mined from it. In this paper, we have presented an extensive analysis of the progressive sampling-based approach with different real life datasets and, in addition, the performance of the approach is evaluated with the well-known association rule mining algorithm, Apriori. The experimental results show that accuracy and computation time of the progressive sampling-based approach is effectively improved in mining of association rules from the real life datasets.
À la rencontre de deux cultures : l'influence de la littérature française au Viêt-nam
Authors: Ngoc Phan 
Published: June 2011

It is widely recognized that the fine arts occupy a privileged position in Vietnamese civilization. The influence of French literature thus plays a role of particular importance in Vietnam. It is fair to talk about a meeting of cultures which, although operating at different levels (missionary work, colonialism, public education), had a power and authenticity of which the final results are an object of intense and continuous study by culture experts. In this line of analysis, the article reveals the reasons for the efficiency of this acculturation and, indeed, the paradox of its "success".
History has no doubt shown to what a great extent the writings and ideas of French moralists and novelists instigated unbelievable social developments in the fertile ground of Vietnam. The interaction of Vietnamese individuality with the French universalism was to bring about an unprecedented national development which was nurtured, for a long time, by changes in the realm of language itself : a revolution in writing and a linguistic revolution. Cartesian rationality manifesting itself in the area of literature inevitably led the Vietnamese people towards Marxist rationalism.