bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracerebellar role for Cerebellin1: Modulation of dendritic spine density and synapses in striatal medium spiny neurons
Authors: Kusnoor S.V. , Parris J. , Muly E.C. , Morgan J.I. , Deutch A.Y. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCerebellin1 (Cbln1) is a secreted glycoprotein that was originally isolated from the cerebellum and subsequently found to regulate synaptic development and stability. Cbln1 has a heterogeneous distribution in brain, but the only site in which it has been shown to have central effects is the cerebellar cortex, where loss of Cbln1 causes a reduction in granule cell‐Purkinje cell synapses. Neurons of the thalamic parafascicular nucleus (PF), which provide glutamatergic projections to the striatum, also express high levels of Cbln1. We first examined Cbln1 in thalamostriatal neurons and then determined if cbln1 knockout mice exhibit structural deficits in striatal neurons. Virtually all PF neurons express Cbln1‐immunoreactivity (‐ir). In contrast, only rare Cbln1‐ir neurons are present in the central medial complex, the other thalamic region that projects heavily to the dorsal striatum. In the striatum Cbln1‐ir processes are apposed to medium spiny neuron (MSN) dendrites; ultrastructural studies revealed that Cbln1‐ir axon terminals form axodendritic synapses with MSNs. Tract‐tracing studies found that all PF cells retrogradely labeled from the striatum express Cbln1‐ir. We then examined the dendritic structure of Golgi‐impregnated MSNs in adult cbln1 knockout mice. MSN dendritic spine density was markedly increased in cbln1−/− mice relative to wildtype littermates, but total dendritic length was unchanged. Ultrastructural examination revealed an increase in the density of MSN axospinous synapses in cbln1−/− mice, with no change in postsynaptic density length. Thus, Cbln1 determines the dendritic structure of striatal MSNs, with effects distinct from those seen in the cerebellum. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2525–2537, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SPP1 is expressed in corticospinal neurons of the macaque sensorimotor cortex
Authors: Higo Noriyuki , Sato Akira , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Nishimura Yukio , Oishi Takao , Murata Yumi , Onoe Hirotaka , Yoshino‐Saito Kimika , Tsuboi Fumiharu , Takahashi Masahito , Isa Tadashi , Kojima Toshio 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe cellular distribution of SPP1, which we recently identified as a gene with greater expression in the macaque primary motor cortex than in the premotor or prefrontal cortices, was examined in rhesus macaque, common marmoset, and rat brains. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that SPP1 mRNA was expressed specifically in pyramidal neurons in layer V of the sensorimotor cortex of the rhesus macaque. These SPP1 mRNA‐positive neurons were most abundant in the primary motor area, followed by Brodmann area 5 and the supplementary motor area, in accordance with the distribution of corticospinal neurons. In addition, injection of a retrograde neuroanatomical tracer into the lateral corticospinal tract (CST) of the spinal cord caused labeling of SPP1 positive neurons, indicating the expression of SPP1 in corticospinal neurons. SPP1 was also expressed in the thalamus, brainstem, and spinal ventral horn of the rhesus macaque. Although SPP1 was also detected in the brainstem and spinal cord of the marmoset and the rat, it was not detected in their cerebral cortices. Selective expression in the corticospinal neurons of the sensorimotor cortex of the rhesus macaque suggests that SPP1 plays a critical role in the functional or structural specialization of highly developed corticospinal systems in certain primate species. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2633–2644, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The volatility of the amygdala response to masked fearful eyes
Authors: Straube Thomas , Dietrich Caroline , Mothes‐Lasch Martin , Mentzel Hans‐Joachim , Miltner Wolfgang H.R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRecently, it has been suggested that backwardly masked, and thus subliminally presented, fearful eyes are processed by the amygdala. Here, we investigated in four functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments whether the amygdala responds to subliminally presented fearful eyes per se or whether an interaction of masked eyes with the masks or with parts of the masks used for backward masking might be responsible for the amygdala activation. In these experiments, we varied the mask as well as the position of the target eyes. The results show that the amygdala does not respond to masked fearful eyes per se but to an interaction between masked fearful eyes and the eyes of neutral faces used for masking. This finding questions the hypothesis that the amygdala processes context‐free parts of the human face without awareness. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cleavage of galectin‐3 by matrix metalloproteases induces angiogenesis in breast cancer
Authors: Nangia‐Makker Pratima , Wang Yi , Raz Tirza , Tait Larry , Balan Vitaly , Hogan Victor , Raz Avraham 
Published: February 2010

AbstractGalectin‐3 cleavage is related to progression of human breast and prostate cancer and is partly responsible for tumor growth, angiogenesis and apoptosis resistance in mouse models. A functional polymorphism in galectin‐3 gene, determining its susceptibility to cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)‐2/‐9 is related to racial disparity in breast cancer incidence in Asian and Caucasian women. The purpose of our study is to evaluate (i) if cleavage of galectin‐3 could be related to angiogenesis during the progression of human breast cancer, (ii) the role of cleaved galectin‐3 in induction of angiogenesis and (iii) determination of the galectin‐3 domain responsible for induction of angiogenic response. Galectin‐3 null breast cancer cells BT‐459 were transfected with either cleavable full‐length galectin‐3 or its fragmented peptides. Chemotaxis, chemoinvasion, heterotypic aggregation, epithelial‐endothelial cell interactions and angiogenesis were compared to noncleavable galectin‐3. BT‐549‐H64 cells harboring cleavable galectin‐3 exhibited increased chemotaxis, invasion and interactions with endothelial cells resulting in angiogenesis and 3D morphogenesis compared to BT‐549‐P64 cells harboring noncleavable galectin‐3. BT‐549‐H64 cells induced increased migration and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase in migrating endothelial cells. Endothelial cells cocultured with BT‐549 cells transfected with galectin‐3 peptides indicate that amino acids 1–62 and 33–250 stimulate migration and morphogenesis of endothelial cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of blood vessel density and galectin‐3 cleavage in a breast cancer progression tissue array support the in vitro findings. We conclude that the cleavage of the N terminus of galectin‐3 followed by its release in the tumor microenvironment in part leads to breast cancer angiogenesis and progression.
Slow‐release nanoparticle‐encapsulated delivery system for laryngeal injection
Authors: Kolachala Vasantha L. , Henriquez Oswaldo A. , Shams Samantha , Golub Justin S. , Kim Young‐tae , Laroui Hamed , Torres‐Gonzalez Edilson , Brigham Kenneth L. , Rojas Mauricio , Bellamkonda Ravi V. , Johns Michael M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:There is a need for a slow‐release system for local delivery of therapeutics to the larynx. Most therapeutic substances, such as steroids or chemotherapeutic agents that are injected into the larynx are cleared rapidly. Repeated laryngeal injection of these substances at short intervals is impractical. Injectable encapsulated poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles offer a potential slow‐release delivery system for biologically active substances in the larynx.Study Design:Controlled animal study.Methods:PLGA nanoparticles were fabricated using a double emulsion method and were loaded with Texas Red‐dextran (NPTR), hepatocyte growth factor (NPHGF), and bovine serum albumin (NPBSA). In vitro release of NPTR, NPBSA, and NPHGF was determined over approximately 2 weeks to assess potential duration of PLGA nanoparticle delivery. In vivo release of NPTR was assessed in a murine vocal fold injection model. The transcriptional effect of NPHGF on procollagen was measured in vitro to assess whether released growth factor retained functionality.Results:In vitro release kinetics demonstrated slow release of NPTR, NPBSA, and NPHGF over 12 to 14 days. In vitro NPTR release correlated with in vivo results. In vivo presence of NPTR occurred up to 7 days compared to 1 day for Texas Red control. In addition, NPHGF ameliorated transforming growth factor‐β induced procollagen in vitro in 3T3 fibroblast cells.Conclusions:The results demonstrate the potential utility of nanoparticle encapsulation as an effective method for long‐term delivery of specific drugs and biologically active substances to the larynx. Laryngoscope, 2010
Evaluation of thermal and viscoelastic properties of asphalt binders by compounding with polymer modifiers
Authors: Yeh Pei‐Hung , Nien Yu‐Hsun , Chen Wei‐Chyum , Liu Wen‐Tsung 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA series of potentially useful asphalt blends containing polyethylene with different extents of polarity as modifiers have been prepared and characterized for asphalt pavement. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies show that poly(ethylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride) (MPE) exhibit more interaction with asphalt phase than low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) due to more dispersion of the amorphous content of MPE into the asphalt matrix. The phase distributions of micrographs from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that polyethylene modifiers with different extents of polarity in asphalt blends results in dispersion of polymer additive into the asphalt phase and affect the certain degree of the phase separation of asphalt blends. From rheological studies, most of asphalt blends exhibit superior performance at higher temperature with increasing the contents of modifiers such as reducing Newtonian flow response, enhancing rutting resistance as well as frequency of loading and improving creep resistance than tank asphalt. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1738–1744, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
An investigation on the correlation between rheology and morphology of nanocomposite foams based on low‐density polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate blends
Authors: Riahinezhad M. , Ghasemi I. , Karrabi M. , Azizi H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article presents the correlation between rheology and morphology of nanocomposite foams of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and their blends. LDPE/EVA nanocomposites were prepared via melt mixing and then foamed using batch foaming method. To assess the rheological behavior of polymer melts, frequency sweep and creep recovery tests were done. Morphology of the samples was also studied by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The results showed that with increase in clay content, storage modulus, complex and zero shear viscosities will be increased, which affect the foam morphology. In addition, elasticity plays an important role in foaming process, in a way that samples with more elasticity percentage have the highest cell density and the lowest cell size. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1808–1816, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Micromechanical analysis of the kink‐band performance at the interface of a thermoplastic composite under tensile deformation
Authors: Gonzalez‐Chi P.I. , Flores‐Johnson E.A. , Carrillo‐Baeza J.G. , Young R.J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe manufacture of thermoplastic composites normally involves compression molding that generates fiber dislocations known as kink‐bands, which create stress concentrations able to cause the premature compression failure of a composite; nevertheless, the kink‐band influence over the interfacial performance or failure of a composite tested under tension is not fully understood. This work uses Raman spectroscopy as a tool to map the axial stress distribution around a kink‐band in an aramid/low density polyethylene single fiber composite. The stress distribution along the fiber was fitted to a generalized shear‐lag model to calculate the interfacial shear stress; its maximum was found around the kink‐band where the fiber interface was still bonded to the matrix, defining a localized stress concentration. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1817–1817, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Matrigel: A complex protein mixture required for optimal growth of cell culture
Authors: Hughes Chris S. , Postovit Lynne M. , Lajoie Gilles A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNumerous cell types require a surface for attachment to grow and proliferate. Certain cells, particularly primary and stem cells, necessitate the use of specialized growth matrices along with specific culture media conditions to maintain the cells in an undifferentiated state. A gelatinous protein mixture derived from mouse tumor cells and commercialized as Matrigel is commonly used as a basement membrane matrix for stem cells because it retains the stem cells in an undifferentiated state. However, Matrigel is not a well‐defined matrix, and therefore can produce a source of variability in experimental results. In this study, we present an in‐depth proteomic analysis of Matrigel using a dynamic iterative exclusion method coupled with fractionation protocols that involve ammonium sulfate precipitation, size exclusion chromatography, and one‐dimensional SDS‐PAGE. The ability to identify the low mass and abundance components of Matrigel illustrates the utility of this method for the analysis of the extracellular matrix, as well as the complexity of the matrix itself.
Conformational changes in oxidatively stressed monoclonal antibodies studied by hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry
Authors: Burkitt William , Domann Paula , O'Connor Gavin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOxidation of methionine residues in biopharmaceuticals is a common and often unwanted modification that frequently occurs during their manufacture and storage. It often results in a lack of stability and biological function of the product, necessitating continuous testing for the modification throughout the product shelf life. A major class of biopharmaceutical products are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), however, techniques for their detailed structural analysis have until recently been limited. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HXMS) has recently been successfully applied to the analysis of mAbs. Here we used HXMS to identify and localise the structural changes that occurred in a mAb (IgG1) after accelerated oxidative stress. Structural alterations in a number of segments of the Fc region were observed and these related to oxidation of methionine residues. These included a large change in the hydrogen exchange profile of residues 247–253 of the heavy chain, while smaller changes in hydrogen exchange profile were identified for peptides that contained residues in the interface of the CH2 and CH3 domains.
Microsecond simulations of the folding/unfolding thermodynamics of the Trp‐cage miniprotein
Authors: Day Ryan , Paschek Dietmar , Garcia Angel E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe study the unbiased folding/unfolding thermodynamics of the Trp‐cage miniprotein using detailed molecular dynamics simulations of an all‐atom model of the protein in explicit solvent using the Amberff99SB force field. Replica‐exchange molecular dynamics simulations are used to sample the protein ensembles over a broad range of temperatures covering the folded and unfolded states at two densities. The obtained ensembles are shown to reach equilibrium in the 1 μs/replica timescale. The total simulation time used in the calculations exceeds 100 μs. Ensemble averages of the fraction folded, pressure, and energy differences between the folded and unfolded states as a function of temperature are used to model the free energy of the folding transition, ΔG(P, T), over the whole region of temperatures and pressures sampled in the simulations. The ΔG(P, T) diagram describes an ellipse over the range of temperatures and pressures sampled, predicting that the system can undergo pressure‐induced unfolding and cold denaturation at low temperatures and high pressures, and unfolding at low pressures and high temperatures. The calculated free energy function exhibits remarkably good agreement with the experimental folding transition temperature (Tf = 321 K), free energy, and specific heat changes. However, changes in enthalpy and entropy are significantly different than the experimental values. We speculate that these differences may be due to the simplicity of the semiempirical force field used in the simulations and that more elaborate force fields may be required to describe appropriately the thermodynamics of proteins. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Records of hypogeous mycorrhizal fungi in the diet of some Western Australian bolboceratine beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae, Bolboceratinae)
Authors: Houston Terry F , Bougher Neale L 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn order to assess the possible contribution of bolboceratine beetles to the dispersal of mycorrhizal fungal spores, faeces and/or gut contents of adults of several species and genera obtained from burrows or collected at lights at night were examined microscopically. Two species of Blackbolbus (frontalis and fucinus) were found to have fed on different species of hypogeous sporocarps (truffles). Furthermore, adults of Bbo. frontalis were found in burrows with truffles of the genera Amarrendia, Hysterangium and Scleroderma. Specimens of some Blackburnium, Bolboleaus and Bolborhachium species, on the other hand, were found to have ingested diffuse glomeralean mycelium and spores along with varying quantities of soil. Limited evidence of broad‐scale distribution of spores was obtained. Some Scleroderma truffles found in burrows of Bbo. frontalis were honeycombed and inhabited by numerous nitidulid beetles identified as Thalycrodes mixta. Two truffles identified as Hysterangium found in soil close to a burrow of Bbo. frontalis were infested with nematodes.
Native saltbush (Rhagodia spp.; Chenopodiaceae) as a potential reservoir for agromyzid leafminer parasitoids on horticultural farms
Authors: Wood Glenys , Siekmann Gitta , Stephens Claire , DeGraaf Helen , La Salle John , Glatz Richard 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAustralia has to date been spared the introduction of highly polyphagous invasive pest agromyzid leafminers; however, their arrival and spread should be considered imminent. To develop a pre‐emptive control strategy to deal with exotic leafminer outbreaks the first step is to identify Australian leafmining flies, their plant hosts and their parasitoids to gain an understanding of their population dynamics. Native vegetation may be providing resources for beneficial parasitic wasps plus access to alternative hosts and refuge from disturbance. Here, two Australian endemic saltbushes (Rhagodia candolleana and R. parabolica, Caryophyllales: Chenopodiaceae) have been investigated for their potential to act as reservoirs for endemic agromyzid hosts and their key parasitoids. Mined leaves of the two Rhagodia species were sampled on two commercial horticultural properties in the Virginia horticulture area on the Northern Adelaide Plains between September 2007 and April 2008. Leaf mines on both Rhagodia species were caused by an endemic leafminer species, putatively Phytoliriomyza praecellens Spencer (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Ten species of parasitoids (all Hymenoptera) emerged from R. candolleana mines and seven different species from R. parabolica mines, mainly from the family Eulophidae and with some Pteromalidae and Braconidae. Trigonogastrella Girault sp. (Pteromalidae), Zagrammosoma latilineatum Ubaidillah and Hemiptarsenus varicornis Girault (both Eulophidae) were the most abundant species on R. candolleana, whereas two Opius Wesmael spp. (Braconidae) were the most abundant species on R. parabolica. Findings from this survey suggest an opportunity to plant purpose‐designed refuges that could play a role in conservation biological control as part of an Integrated Pest Management strategy developed prior to incursion of pest leafminers such as Liriomyza species.
Homeward bound: the circular migration of entertainers between Japan and the Philippines
Authors: PARREÑAS RHACEL SALAZAR 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOne feature of globalization is the growing number of temporary labour migrants, but their experience of settlement does not always fit the dominant perspective of transnational migration. Unlike transnational migrants, circular migrants tend not to be equally entrenched in home and host societies, but instead hold feelings of greater affinity for the home society. They engage in repeated short periods of work abroad, an example being migrant Filipina entertainers in Tokyo, Japan. This article describes the settlement of these circular migrants and demonstrates how it is a process of returning to the home society that entails limited integration in the host society; they are routinely segregated in time and space. Migrant Filipina entertainers start thinking about their departure almost as soon as they arrive, and their departure is marked by a carefully‐planned ceremony, or sayonara party. Questioning the assumption in the literature that circular migrants will eventually become permanent residents, in this article I call for the formulation of new theoretical frameworks that better capture the qualitatively distinct experiences of circular migrants.
Sustainability as global attractor: the greening of the 2008 Beijing Olympics
Authors: MOL ARTHUR P. J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIf one interprets sustainability as an attractor, it means that across time and place notions and ideas of sustainability structure, order and pattern institutions and practices. One can effectively explore the idea that sustainability is turning into a global attractor through mega events. As high profile and very visible happenings that attract worldwide attention, it is difficult to ignore common and widely shared norms on sustainability in the route towards such events. In investigating the 2008 Beijing Olympics I conclude that sustainability norms indeed restructured and patterned this global mega event. Moreover, these sustainability norms are crystallized, institutionalized and fixed in material and social structures, and thus will likely have some permanency.