bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction in postnatal cumulative nutritional deficit and improvement of growth in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Senterre Thibault , Rigo Jacques 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the influence of gestational age (GA) on cumulative nutritional deficit and postnatal growth in extremely preterm (EPT) infants after optimizing nutritional protocol as recently recommended.Methods:  A prospective, nonrandomized, observational study in extremely preterm (EPT, <28 weeks) and very preterm (VPT, 28–30 weeks) infants.Results:  Eighty‐four infants were included (BW: 978 ± 156 g, GA: 27.8 ± 1.3 weeks). Cumulative nutritional deficit increased during first week of life to −290 ± 84 and −285 ± 117 kcal/kg and −4.2 ± 3.1 and −4.8 ± 3.9 g/kg of protein in EPT and VPT groups, respectively. After 6 weeks, only cumulative energy deficit in EPT group remained significant (p < 0.05) even when 96% of theoretical energy intakes were provided. Weight z score decreased during first 3 days in average with initial weight loss, and then, the z score increased during the first 6 weeks of life in the majority (75%) of infants. Cumulative protein deficit during the first week of life was the major determinant of the postnatal growth during the first 6 weeks of life.Conclusion:  Cumulative nutritional deficit may be drastically reduced in both EPT and VPT infants after optimizing nutritional policy during the first weeks of life, and the postnatal growth restriction could even be prevented.
The role and influence of grandmothers on child nutrition: culturally designated advisors and caregivers
Authors: Aubel Judi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractImproving the nutritional status of infants and young children in developing countries depends to a significant extent on adoption of optimal nutrition‐related practices within the context of the household. Most policies, research and programmes on child nutrition in non‐Western societies focus narrowly on the mother–child dyad and fail to consider the wider household and community environments in which other actors, hierarchical patterns of authority and informal communication networks operate and influence such practices. In particular, the role and influence of senior women, orgrandmothers, has received limited attention. Research dealing with child nutrition from numerous socio‐cultural settings in Africa, Asia and Latin America reveals three common patterns related to the social dynamics and decision‐making within households and communities. First, grandmothers play a central role asadvisersto younger women and ascaregiversof both women and children on nutrition and health issues. Second, grandmother social networks exercise collective influence on maternal and child nutrition‐related practices, specifically regarding pregnancy, feeding and care of infants, young children and sick children. Third, men play a relatively limited role in day‐to‐day child nutrition within family systems. The research reviewed supports the need to re‐conceptualize the parameters considered in nutritional policies and programmes by expanding the focus beyond the mother–child dyad to include grandmothers given their role as culturally designated advisers and caregivers.
Pregravid body mass index, psychological factors during pregnancy and breastfeeding duration: is there a link?
Authors: Mehta Ushma J. , Siega‐Riz Anna Maria , Herring Amy H. , Adair Linda S. , Bentley Margaret E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBreastfeeding rates in the United States are low, and one possible reason may be the high prevalence of overweight/obesity among women of childbearing age. This analysis examined the association between pregravid body mass index and breastfeeding duration, and explored whether depressive symptoms, perceived stress and anxiety during pregnancy mediated this relationship. Participants (n = 550) in the Pregnancy, Infection and Nutrition Postpartum Study were recruited through prenatal clinics prior to 20 weeks gestation and followed to 12 months post‐partum. Duration of any breastfeeding was categorized as none, less than 4 months, 4–6 months, 7–12 months and more than 12 months (referent). Exclusive breastfeeding was categorized as less than 1 month, 1 to less than 4 months and 4 months or more (referent). Being overweight/obese before pregnancy (35.7% of 550) was inversely associated with the durations of any and exclusive breastfeeding. Women who entered pregnancy overweight or obese were more likely to not initiate breastfeeding [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 5.39 (95% confidence interval: 2.41, 12.04)] and to breastfeed less than 4 months [RRR = 2.38 (1.33, 4.27)] compared with women of normal weight status. Among women who initiated breastfeeding, being overweight or obese vs. normal weight was related to exclusively breastfeeding less than 1 month [RRR = 2.09 (1.24, 3.51)]. We did not find evidence to support mediation by depressive symptoms, perceived stress or anxiety during pregnancy. Future research needs to explore the reasons behind the association between overweight/obesity and breastfeeding duration.
The needs of denture‐brushing in geriatrics: clinical aspects and perspectives
Authors: Berteretche Marie‐Violaine , Mastari Fatima , Nicolas Emmanuel , Hüe Olivier 
Published: September 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00557.x

The needs of denture‐brushing in geriatrics: clinical aspects and perspectivesIntroduction:  Oral and denture hygiene are often defective in particular with dependent persons such as geriatric subjects. The reasons are the lack of hygiene education of the subjects or those caring for them. Consequently, oral hygiene is often neglected, resulting in poor oral health and an increase in the presence of local or general infections.Objective:  This paper is a report of brushing effectiveness on microbial biofilm deposits on dentures of subjects participating in a specific oral hygiene programme.Materials and methods:  Thirty‐nine dentures of 30 subjects were assessed for 2 weeks following an educational brushing programme. Microbial biofilm was recovered using fluoresceine and then scanned and quantified by ‘Mesurim’ software three times: before study, after 1 and 2 weeks.Results:  The repeated measurement procedures showed a decrease in the percentage of biofilm present (F = 15, p < 0.001) whatever the type of denture (partial or complete) and for all biomaterials.Conclusion:  Regular denture‐brushing can improve local hygiene. Consequently, decreasing the biofilm surface can reduce the prevalence of oral pathogens, thereby contributing to the general prevention of the risks of infections such as pneumotisis.
Moderate Human Disturbance of Rain Forest Alters Composition of Fruiting Plant and Bird Communities
Authors: Lefevre Kara L. , Sharma Sapna , Rodd F. Helen 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTForests worldwide are experiencing rapid environmental change due to human activity. We aimed to increase understanding of anthropogenic impacts on community composition and species interactions. In a natural experiment, we asked whether subsistence human land use has altered the community composition of a Neotropical rain forest on the island of Tobago, in the West Indies. We surveyed fruiting plants and birds in three adjacent habitat types that varied in level of disturbance, and used multivariate analyses to determine whether changes in the plant community were associated with differences in avifauna composition. The three forest habitats had similar plant and bird diversities, yet markedly different species compositions and abundances. Primary forest had the most diverse plant community, while disturbed habitats had a more homogeneous plant composition. Primary and disturbed forest had distinct community compositions, with canopy cover and the relative abundance of plant types explaining 83 percent of the variation in bird species assemblages. Seemingly moderate human disturbance has led to substantial changes in the plant and bird assemblages of Tobago's rain forest, outside of a protected reserve. Our study highlights the direct links between human disturbance and the structure of rain forests, underscoring the impact of even moderate activity on community composition.
Avian Habitat Preference in Tropical Forest Restoration in Southern Costa Rica
Authors: Reid J. Leighton , Harris J. Berton C. , Zahawi Rakan A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTAn important question for tropical forest restoration is whether degraded lands can be actively managed to attract birds. We censused birds and measured vegetation structure at 27 stations in young (6–9‐yr old) actively and passively restored pasture and old growth forest at Las Cruces Biological Station in southern Costa Rica. During 481 10‐min point counts, we detected a high diversity—186 species—of birds using the restoration area. Surprisingly, species richness and detection frequency did not differ among habitats, and proportional similarity of bird assemblages to old growth forest did not differ between restoration treatments. Bird detection frequency was instead explained by exotic grass cover and understory stem density—vegetation structures that were not strongly impacted by active restoration. The similarity of bird assemblages in actively and passively restored forest may be attributed to differential habitat preferences within and among feeding guilds, low structural contrast between treatments, or the effect of nucleation from actively restored plots into passively restored areas. Rapid recovery of vegetation in this recently restored site is likely due to its proximity to old growth forest and the lack of barriers to effective seed dispersal. Previous restoration studies in highly binary environments (i.e., open pasture vs. tree plantation) have found strong differences in bird abundance and richness. Our data contradict this trend, and suggest that tropical restoration ecologists should carefully consider: (1) when the benefits of active restoration outweigh the cost of implementation; and (2) which avian guilds should be used to measure restoration success given differential responses to habitat structure.
Preventing Recurrence of Thromboembolic Events through Coordinated Treatment in the District of Columbia
Authors: Dromerick Alexander W. , Gibbons Michael C. , Edwards Dorothy F. , Farr Deeonna E. , Giannetti Margot L. , Sánchez Brisa , Shara Nawar M. , Fokar Ali , Jayam-Trouth Annapurni , Ovbiagele Bruce , Kidwell Chelsea S. 
Published: September 2011

Rationale PROTECT DC examines whether stroke navigators can improve cardiovascular risk factors in urban underserved individuals newly hospitalized for stroke or ischemic attack. Within one-year of hospital discharge, up to one-third of patients no longer adhere to secondary prevention behaviors. Adherence rates are lower in minority-underserved groups, contributing to health disparities. In-hospital programs increase use of stroke prevention therapies but may not be as successful in underserved individuals. In these groups, low literacy, limited healthcare access, and sparse community resources may reduce adherence. Lay community health workers (navigators) improve adherence in other illnesses through education and assisting in overcoming barriers to achieving desired health behaviors and obtaining needed healthcare services. Aims and design PROTECT DC is a Phase II, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial comparing in-hospital education plus stroke navigators to usual care. Atherogenic ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack survivors are recruited from Washington, DC hospitals. Navigators meet with participants during the index hospitalization, perform home visits, and meet by phone. They focus on stroke education, medication compliance, and overcoming practical barriers to adherence. The interventions are driven by the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. Study outcomes The primary dependent measure is a summary score of four objective measures of stroke risk factor control: systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein, hemoglobin Hb A1C, and antiplatelet agent pill counts. Secondary outcomes include stroke knowledge, exercise, dietary modification, and smoking cessation. Conclusion PROTECT DC will determine whether a Phase III trial of stroke navigation for urban underserved individuals to improve adherence to secondary stroke prevention behaviors is warranted.
Influenza vaccination in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis: efficacy and safety
Authors: Tavana Sasan , Argani Hassan , Gholamin Sharareh , Razavi Seyed‐Mostafa , Keshtkar‐Jahromi Marzieh , Talebian Amir S. , Moghaddam Keivan G. , Sepehri Zahra , Azad Talat M. , Keshtkar‐Jahromi Maryam 
Published: September 2011

Please cite this paper as: Tavana et al. (2011) Influenza vaccination in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis: efficacy and safety. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750‐2659.2011.00290.x.Background  Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory, granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. The role of cellular and humoral immune systems in this disease is unclear, whereas dysregulation of the immune system is suggested. Patients with sarcoidosis show diverse responses while exposed to various antigens. Although influenza vaccination is recommended in pulmonary sarcoidosis, its efficacy and safety has not been investigated.Objectives  To evaluate safety and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in patients with sarcoidosis.Patients/Methods  Influenza vaccination was performed in 23 eligible patients with sarcoidosis (SP) and 26 healthy controls (HC). Antibody titers against H1N1, H3N2, and B influenza virus antigens were evaluated just before and 1 month after vaccination. Patients were followed for 6 months to assess vaccine safety.Results  Serological response and magnitude of changes in antibody titers against influenza vaccine antigens were comparable between SPs and HCs. Women showed a better serological response against B antigen (P = 0·034) than men. Twenty‐four‐hour urine calcium was associated with antibody response against H1N1 [correlation coefficient (CC) = 0·477, P = 0·003] and H3N2 (CC = 0·352, P = 0·028) antigens. Serum angiotensin‐converting enzyme correlated negatively with antibody response against B antigen (CC = −0·331, P = 0·040). Higher residual volume was associated with fewer rises in antibody titer against H3N2 antigen (CC = −0·377, P = 0·035). No major adverse events or disease flare‐up was observed during follow‐up.Conclusions  In this study, influenza vaccination did not cause any major adverse event in SPs, and their serological response was equal to HCs. Studies with larger sample size and a broader selection of subjects could help validate the results of this study.
Comparative safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of several anti‐H5N1 influenza experimental vaccines in a mouse and chicken models (Testing of killed and live H5 vaccine)
Authors: Gambaryan Alexandra S. , Lomakina Natalia F. , Boravleva Elizaveta Y. , Kropotkina Ekaterina A. , Mashin Vadim V. , Krasilnikov Igor V. , Klimov Alexander I. , Rudenko Larisa G. 
Published: September 2011

Please cite this paper as: Gambaryan et al. (2011) Comparative safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of several anti‐H5N1 influenza experimental vaccines in a mouse and chicken models. Parallel testing of killed and live H5 vaccine. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(3), 188–195.Objective  Parallel testing of inactivated (split and whole virion) and live vaccine was conducted to compare the immunogenicity and protective efficacy against homologous and heterosubtypic challenge by H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.Method  Four experimental live vaccines based on two H5N1 influenza virus strains were tested; two of them had hemagglutinin (HA) of A/Vietnam/1203/04 strain lacking the polybasic HA cleavage site, and two others had hemagglutinins from attenuated H5N1 virus A/Chicken/Kurgan/3/05, with amino acid substitutions of Asp54/Asn and Lys222/Thr in HA1 and Val48/Ile and Lys131/Thr in HA2 while maintaining the polybasic HA cleavage site. The neuraminidase and non‐glycoprotein genes of the experimental live vaccines were from H2N2 cold‐adapted master strain A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (VN‐Len and Ku‐Len) or from the apathogenic H6N2 virus A/Gull/Moscow/3100/2006 (VN‐Gull and Ku‐Gull). Inactivated H5N1 and H1N1 and live H1N1 vaccine were used for comparison. All vaccines were applied in a single dose. Safety, immunogenicity, and protectivity against the challenge with HPAI H5N1 virus A/Chicken/Kurgan/3/05 were estimated.Results  All experimental live H5 vaccines tested were apathogenic as determined by weight loss and conferred more than 90% protection against lethal challenge with A/Chicken/Kurgan/3/05 infection. Inactivated H1N1 vaccine in mice offered no protection against challenge with H5N1 virus, while live cold‐adapted H1N1 vaccine reduced the mortality near to zero level.Conclusions  The high yield, safety, and protectivity of VN‐Len and Ku‐Len made them promising strains for the production of inactivated and live vaccines against H5N1 viruses.
Frequency and Large T (LT) Sequence of JC Polyomavirus DNA in Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes and Granular Cells in Non‐PML Brain
Authors: Bayliss Julianne , Karasoulos Tanja , McLean Catriona A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and JCV granular cell neuronopathy occur secondary to JCV polyomavirus (JCV) infection of oligodendrocytes and cerebellar granular cell neurons (CGNs) during immunosuppression. Pure populations of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, CGNs and microglia from frontal cortex and cerebellum of 17 non‐PML patients (9 immunocompetent; 8 immunosuppressed) were isolated by laser capture microdissection (LCM). JCV large T (LT) antigen DNA was detected by triple nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequence analysis was performed to assess LT gene variation. JCV DNA was detected in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and CGNs of non‐PML brains. The most common site for viral latency was cortical oligodendrocytes (65% of samples analyzed). Immunosuppressed patients were significantly more likely to harbor JCV DNA in CGN populations than immunocompetent patients (P = 0.01). Sequence analysis of the LT region revealed eight novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in four immunosuppressed patients. Of the eight novel SNPs detected, six were silent and two resulted in amino acid changes. JCV DNA is present within cells of the non‐PML brain, known to be infected during PML and granular cell neuronopathy. This supports the argument for a brain only reservoir of JCV and supports the hypothesis that reactivation of latent brain JCV may be central to disease pathogenesis.
Geochronology of the Xihuashan Tungsten Deposit in Southeastern China: Constraints from Re–Os and U–Pb Dating
Authors: WANG Fang‐Yue , LI Cong‐Ying , LING Ming‐Xing , ZHANG Hong , SUN Ya‐Li , SUN Weidong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractXihuashan tungsten deposit is one of the earliest explored tungsten deposits in southeastern China. It is a vein type deposit genetically associated with the Xihuashan granite pluton. Here we report new dating and zircon geochemistry results. Re–Os isotopic dating for molybdenite intergrowth with wolframite in the oldest generation of the Xihuashan pluton yielded an isochron age of 157.0 ± 2.5 Ma (2σ). Zircon U–Pb laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) dating shows that the pluton crystallized at 155.7 ± 2.2 Ma (2σ). This age is similar to the molybdenite Re–Os age for the ore deposit within error. This, together with published data, suggests that the major W(Mo)‐Sn mineralization occurred between 160–150 Ma in southeastern China. These deposits constitute a major part of the magmatic‐metallogenic belt of eastern Nanlin. The lower Re content in molybdenite of the Xihuashan tungsten deposit shows crustal origin for the ore‐forming material. The limited direct contributions from the subducting slab for the tungsten mineralization in the Nanling region suggest a change of the style of the paleo‐Pacific plate beneath southeastern China.
Evaluation of secondary school teachers’ knowledge about psychosis: a contribution to early detection
Authors: Masillo Alice , Monducci Elena , Pucci Daniela , Telesforo Ludovica , Battaglia Claudia , Carlotto Alessandra , Forte Alberto , Bonaccorsi Emilio , Romano Antonio , Fiori Nastro Paolo , Girardi Paolo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAims: We sought to evaluate secondary school teachers’ knowledge about psychosis and their level of interest in this topic given the key role they may be able to play in the early detection of psychosis.Methods: A questionnaire survey of 268 secondary school teachers from eight secondary schools within the Azienda Sanitaria Locale Rome/E and Rome/A catchment areas (two of the five city health districts) in Rome. Teachers were asked to complete the Italian version Esperienza e Conoscenza delle Difficoltò Sociali ed Emotive dei Giovani of the Knowledge and Experience of Social Emotional Difficulties among Young people self‐report questionnaire that investigates the diagnosis, age of onset, aetiology, prognosis and treatment of psychosis. They were also asked about their experience with pupils with possible psychosis.Results: Most of teachers were able to recognize psychotic symptoms from a case vignette. Approximately 25% of the teachers had experienced a pupil with possible symptoms of psychosis. However, teachers displayed little awareness of psychiatric community services available for young people.Conclusions: Our study shows that teachers may play an important role in early detection and psychosis prevention strategies. The teachers also displayed a keen interest in gaining a deeper knowledge of early psychotic signs and in cooperating closely with a mental health specialist to obtain guidance and support when faced with serious mentally ill pupils.
Walking the tightrope of bioavailability: growth dynamics of PAH degraders on vapour‐phase PAH
Authors: Hanzel Joanna , Thullner Martin , Harms Hauke , Wick Lukas Y. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryMicrobial contaminant degradation may either result in the utilization of the compound for growth or act as a protective mechanism against its toxicity. Bioavailability of contaminants for nutrition and toxicity has opposite consequences which may have resulted in quite different bacterial adaptation mechanisms; these may particularly interfere when a growth substrate causes toxicity at high bioavailability. Recently, it has been demonstrated that a high bioavailability of vapour‐phase naphthalene (NAPH) leads to chemotactic movement of NAPH‐degrading Pseudomonas putida (NAH7) G7 away from the NAPH source. To investigate the balance of toxic defence and substrate utilization, we tested the influence of the cell density on surface‐associated growth of strain PpG7 at different positions in vapour‐phase NAPH gradients. Controlled microcosm experiments revealed that high cell densities increased growth rates close (< 2 cm) to the NAPH source, whereas competition for NAPH decreased the growth rates at larger distances despite the high gas phase diffusivity of NAPH. At larger distance, less microbial biomass was likewise sustained by the vapour‐phase NAPH. Such varying growth kinetics is explained by a combination of bioavailability restrictions and NAPH‐based inhibition. To account for this balance, a novel, integrated ‘Best Equation’ describing microbial growth influenced by substrate availability and inhibition is presented.