bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived challenges affecting user engagement in online community: an analysis of interrelationships and interaction
Authors: Yadav Anuradha , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Mishra Ruchi , Bag Surajit 
Published: April 2024

PurposeWith gaining popularity, online communities are increasing. It is leading to the data and information overflow. So, there are some challenges like cyber frauds, cyberbullying, etc. while engaging with online communities. Not only this, anonymity of the participants, stress and racism are also big challenges in online communities' interaction. Online harassers' attack tactics have changed over time. In addition, there are challenges like quality of discussion, inequality in participation of the users, etc. may scale online communities towards incitement and activism. Therefore, this study will try to analyse these challenges for overall benefit of the society.Design/methodology/approachThe underlying fuzzy set theory is employed to handle the fuzziness of users' perceptions since the attributes are expressed in linguistic preferences. Through exhaustive literature review, the authors have identified 15 challenges. These challenges are further categorised as cause and effect by using DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) approach.FindingsLack of strategic planning and uninspired discussions between users has emerged as a major challenge in cause category. This study further demonstrates how individual challenge can be managed and developed to navigate the online communities to maintain a healthy environment in society.Research limitations/implicationsResults are based on limited dataset. Therefore, findings cannot be generalised for all online communities.Originality/valueThe research findings offer a suitable direction to policymakers to formulate and design policies, laws and regulations to increase user engagement in the online community. The study is beneficial to firms and researchers in understanding the factors influencing effective management of online communities.
Country branding through the internationalization of higher education: the case of Egypt
Authors: Farid Mariam , El-Bassiouny Noha M. , Adib Hagar 
Published: April 2024

PurposeDrawing from the literature on internationalization, higher education marketing and place branding, this paper aims to link the internationalization of higher education to country branding. It explores the impact of internationalization within the higher education system on Egypt’s destination brand equity. This investigation offers insights for decision-makers in both the higher education and country branding sectors.Design/methodology/approachThis empirical paper adopts an exploratory approach and serves as an initial step for researchers. It utilizes a quantitative methodology, employing a survey with 366 responses, to examine the effects of internationalization efforts in higher education on country brand equity.FindingsThe results reveal a direct correlation between student engagement and the brand equity of international branch campuses (IBCs), as well as a link between IBCs and Egypt’s brand equity. Notably, the study highlights the mediating role of IBC brand equity in the relationship between student engagement and the overall brand equity of Egypt.Originality/valueThis paper is innovative in its method of assessing the impact of internationalization efforts in higher education, specifically at IBCs in Egypt, on Egypt’s destination brand equity. Additionally, the study identifies student engagement as an antecedent to IBC brand equity.
Efficiency of the options market and arbitrage strategy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Fathi Saeed , Fazelian Zeinab 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThe empirical studies of the options market efficiency have reported contradictory results, which sometimes confuse practitioners and academicians. The aim of this study was to clarify several aspects of options market efficiency by exploring the answers to two main questions: Under what conditions is the options market more efficient? Are the discrepancies in the estimated efficiency due to the reality of efficiency or mismeasurement?Design/methodology/approachUsing a meta-analysis approach, 54 studies have been analyzed, which included 1,315 tests. The sum of the observations for all of the tests is 3.7 m observation sets. The effect size (type r) has been used to compare the different statistics in different studies. The cumulative effect size and its diversification have been calculated by the random effects model and Q statistic, respectively.FindingsThe most interesting finding of the study was that the options market, in all circumstances, is significantly inefficient. Another important finding was that the heterogeneity of options market efficiency is due to the complexity of pricing relations, test time, violation index and price type. To overcome this heterogeneity and accuracy, future studies should test the no-arbitrage options pricing relations at different times and by different price types, using complex and simple pricing relations and either mean violation or violation ratio efficiency measures.Originality/valuePublic disagreement about the options market efficiency in past studies means that this variable is heterogeneous in different conditions. As a significant contribution, this study develops the literature by proposing the causes of options market efficiency heterogeneity.
Examining the roles of traditional leaders in promoting quality education in Ghana
Authors: Boateng Kwabena , Owusu Michelle Asomaniwaa , Baah Anthony 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThe government of Ghana since independence has undertaken steps to develop educational infrastructure setup. This notwithstanding, the educational sector is beset with challenges such as low-quality education and low enrolment rates in Senior High Schools (SHS) of children from large households, among others. Given the myriad of challenges bedevilling the education sector, there have been calls for collaboration among public leaders to promote education. The paper, therefore, examines traditional leaders' roles in promoting quality education in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThrough a desk review approach, the study examines the role of traditional leaders in promoting quality education in Ghana. This approach was adopted due to its flexible nature.FindingsThe study found that traditional leaders have provided educational materials and resources to deprived schools. They have established scholarship schemes for needy but brilliant students, promoted gender parity in education, constructed educational facilities and promoted a healthy teaching environment.Practical implicationsThe paper provides stakeholders in Ghana’s educational sector with the opportunity to review educational policies and include traditional leaders to influence educational policies. The recommendations call for support from the GETFUND and Scholarship Secretariat of Ghana to assist community-initiated projects and scholarship schemes established by traditional leaders.Originality/valueThe paper provides evidence to support the importance of traditional leadership, which has come under criticism from a democratisation perspective in contemporary times.
External auditors, policy transfer, accruals accounting and the United Nations
Authors: Moloney Kim , Jensen Gwenda , Stoycheva Rayna 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThis study asks whether external auditors enable the transfer of policies to the United Nations organizations that they audit and, if so, what types of policies are transferred.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical research is based on a content analysis of 512 external auditor recommendations from 28 pre- and post-accrual reports of 14 UN bodies.FindingsWe find that external auditors do enable policy transfer and that such involvements may, at times, veer into non-neutral policy spaces.Research limitations/implicationsWe did not analyze all UN organizations with accruals-based accounting. We also did not engage in a longer longitudinal study.Practical implicationsOur findings raise new questions about international organization accountability, the technocratic and policy-specific influences of external auditors, and open a debate about whether attempted policy transfers can be neutral.Originality/valueThe world’s largest group of international organizations is affiliated with the UN. External auditors help ensure that member-state monies are appropriately utilized. Our study is the first to compare pre- and post-accrual external auditor recommendations for 14 UN bodies. It is also the first to notate and study the attempted policy transfers from external auditors to the audited UN bodies.
Fair values in extreme markets
Authors: Song Xiaofei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the valuation of fair values in extreme market conditions. Using a modified Ohlson model and a large US sample, this study finds that the valuation of fair values in extreme market conditions is consistent with the presence of a positive feedback loop bias. This bias manifests as irrational exuberance in overheated markets and undue panic in depressed markets. The results are robust under several different test designs. Additional tests of moderating factors show that good performance and low risk intensify irrational exuberance in overhead markets, and poor performance and high risk worsen undue panic in depressed markets.
“Stuff that only mixed‐race people would understand”: Community and identity‐related experiences in online groups for multiracial people
Authors: Godard Rebecca , Holtzman Susan , Duffield Enya M. , Do Elisa , Chong Gale , Mathieson Cynthia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMultiracial people are a rapidly growing group who may still lack social support from similar others in their offline lives. This study aimed to understand the user experiences in online groups for multiracial individuals. In a cross‐sectional online survey, 300 multiracial emerging adults (79% women; mean age = 23; most common ethnic identity components: 86% White/European, 44% Chinese, 17% Japanese, 16% Southeast Asian, and 13% Filipino) answered open‐ended questions about their experiences in Facebook groups for multiracial people. Participants described aspects of the groups they liked and disliked most, as well as their identity‐related experiences in the groups. We used reflexive thematic analysis to generate four themes within participants responses: (1) online groups as a gateway into connections with other multiracial individuals, (2) deriving a sense of belonging and community, (3) an opportunity for exploration and validation of racial identity, and (4) negative intrusions such as negative content (e.g., trolling, repetitive posting) and racism. For racial and ethnic minorities such as multiracial individuals, Facebook groups provide a space for community‐building and identity‐related experiences. Although online groups can foster a strong sense of community, validation, and belonging, findings also highlight potential challenges and limitations (e.g., how to delineate group boundaries, difficulty forming close relationships). Online group users and researchers should explore novel ways of maximizing these positive experiences while addressing users' concerns and negative experiences.
Multiple stressors alter greenhouse gas concentrations in streams through local and distal processes
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Cánovas Cayetano , von Schiller Daniel , Pace Giorgio , Gómez‐Gener Lluís , Pascoal Cláudia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStreams are significant contributors of greenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere, and the increasing number of stressors degrading freshwaters may exacerbate this process, posing a threat to climatic stability. However, it is unclear whether the influence of multiple stressors on GHG concentrations in streams results from increases of in‐situ metabolism (i.e., local processes) or from changes in upstream and terrestrial GHG production (i.e., distal processes). Here, we hypothesize that the mechanisms controlling multiple stressor effects vary between carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), with the latter being more influenced by changes in local stream metabolism, and the former mainly responding to distal processes. To test this hypothesis, we measured stream metabolism and the concentrations of CO2 (pCO2) and CH4 (pCH4) in 50 stream sites that encompass gradients of nutrient enrichment, oxygen depletion, thermal stress, riparian degradation and discharge. Our results indicate that these stressors had additive effects on stream metabolism and GHG concentrations, with stressor interactions explaining limited variance. Nutrient enrichment was associated with higher stream heterotrophy and pCO2, whereas pCH4 increased with oxygen depletion and water temperature. Discharge was positively linked to primary production, respiration and heterotrophy but correlated negatively with pCO2. Our models indicate that CO2‐equivalent concentrations can more than double in streams that experience high nutrient enrichment and oxygen depletion, compared to those with oligotrophic and oxic conditions. Structural equation models revealed that the effects of nutrient enrichment and discharge on pCO2 were related to distal processes rather than local metabolism. In contrast, pCH4 responses to nutrient enrichment, discharge and temperature were related to both local metabolism and distal processes. Collectively, our study illustrates potential climatic feedbacks resulting from freshwater degradation and provides insight into the processes mediating stressor impacts on the production of GHG in streams.
Impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic on robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy and urologists' treatment behaviors: A single tertiary center retrospective study
Authors: Tohi Yoichiro , Osaki Yu , Kato Takuma , Honda Tomoko , Abe Yohei , Naito Hirohito , Matsuoka Yuki , Okazoe Homare , Taoka Rikiya , Ueda Nobufumi , Sugimoto Mikio 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo assess whether the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic affected the outcomes of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and urologists' treatment behaviors.MethodsWe retrospectively examined the medical records of 208 patients who had undergone RARP between August 2017 and December 2022. We compared the rate of preoperative androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), waiting period for RARP, patients' baseline characteristics and quality of life (QOL), proportion of adverse pathology on the RARP specimen, rate of Gleason grade group upgrading from biopsy to the RARP specimen, and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) recurrence‐free survival between the pre‐pandemic and pandemic groups.ResultsThe rate of preoperative ADT was significantly higher during than before the COVID‐19 pandemic (13.7% vs. 1.9%; p = 0.002). The baseline physical and mental QOL scores did not differ significantly between the groups. The proportion of D'Amico low‐risk patients was significantly lower (13.6% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.005) and waiting period for RARP was significantly shorter (median 3.5 months vs. 4.0 months, p = 0.016) in the pandemic group than in the pre‐pandemic group. There was no significant difference in the proportion of adverse pathology between the groups (p = 0.104); however, the upgrading rate was significantly higher in the pre‐pandemic group (p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in PSA recurrence‐free survival between the groups (log‐rank, p = 0.752).ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic did not adversely affect the oncologic outcomes of RARP and QOL before RARP. However, it caused urologists to increase the use of preoperative ADT and to reserve RARP for higher‐risk cases.
The mental workload of ICU nurses performing human‐machine tasks and associated factors: A cross‐sectional questionnaire survey
Authors: Yan Yan , Zhao Chenglei , Bi Xuanyi , Or Calvin Kalun , Ye Xuchun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsTo assess the level of mental workload (MWL) of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses in performing different human‐machine tasks and examine the predictors of the MWL.DesignA cross‐sectional questionnaire study.MethodsBetween January and February 2021, data were collected from ICU nurses (n = 427) at nine tertiary hospitals selected from five (east, west, south, north, central) regions in China through an electronic questionnaire, including sociodemographic questions, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index, General Self‐Efficacy Scale, Difficulty‐assessing Index System of Nursing Operation Technique, and System Usability Scale. Descriptive statistics, t‐tests, one‐way ANOVA and multiple linear regression models were used.ResultsICU nurses experienced a medium level of MWL (score 52.04 on a scale of 0–100) while performing human‐machine tasks. ICU nurses' MWL was notably higher in conducting first aid and life support tasks (using defibrillators or ventilators). Predictors of MWL were task difficulty, system usability, professional title, age, self‐efficacy, ICU category, and willingness to study emerging technology actively. Task difficulty and system usability were the strongest predictors of nearly all typical tasks.ConclusionICU nurses experience a medium MWL while performing human‐machine tasks, but higher mental, temporal, and effort are perceived compared to physical demands. The MWL varied significantly across different human‐machine tasks, among which are significantly higher: first aid and life support and information‐based human‐machine tasks. Task difficulty and system availability are decisive predictors of MWL.ImpactThis is the first study to investigate the level of MWL of ICU nurses performing different representative human‐machine tasks and to explore its predictors, which provides a reference for future research. These findings suggest that healthcare organizations should pay attention to the MWL of ICU nurses and develop customized management strategies based on task characteristics to maintain a moderate level of MWL, thus enabling ICU nurses to perform human‐machine tasks better.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Hepatic insufficiency in two juvenile dogs with histoplasmosis
Authors: Whitman Rachel E. , Cagle Laura A. , Bosch Sarah , Alas Oscar B. , Vilaplana Grosso Federico R. , Lanier Christopher J. , Heinrich Daniel A. , Sharkey Leslie C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA 9‐month‐old female intact toy poodle and a 1‐year‐old female intact Labrador retriever mix presented to separate teaching hospitals for chronic histories of malaise and clinicopathologic evidence of hepatic dysfunction. The signalment and clinical histories of these dogs prompted consideration of a congenital portosystemic shunt as a primary differential. However, microscopic evaluation of peritoneal effusion, pleural effusion, and peripheral blood samples from the dogs revealed round to ovoid yeast organisms morphologically most compatible with Histoplasma capsulatum. Additional testing confirmed histoplasmosis in each case. The poodle underwent a computed tomography (CT) study, which showed hepatomegaly with a spleno‐gonadal shunt, pancreatic and gastric wall edema, and marked peritoneal effusion, findings compatible with portal hypertension and secondary acquired shunt formation. The dog was later humanely euthanized due to clinical deterioration, and on necropsy hepatic histoplasmosis was verified, with additional affected tissues comprising lungs and spleen. The Labrador Retriever mix responded clinically and clinicopathologically to antifungal therapy, though no abdominal imaging was performed to definitively exclude the possibility of a congenital portosystemic shunt. In retrospect, several features were more compatible with histoplasmosis than portosystemic shunt in these cases, including hyperbilirubinemia, effusion, and hepatomegaly. These findings serve as a reminder of the need to interpret serum biochemical findings in the context of the totality of the clinicopathologic data and imaging findings, as well as the diagnostic value of microscopy in the evaluation of hematologic and body cavity fluid samples.
Development of rabbit models of ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia produced by carbapenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Petraitis Vidmantas , Petraitiene Ruta , Kavaliauskas Povilas , Naing Ethan , Garcia Andrew , Zigmantaite Vilma , Grigaleviciute Ramune , Kucinskas Audrius , Pockevicius Alius , Stakauskas Rimantas , Walsh Thomas J. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP) is among the most intractable of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. New antimicrobial agents are critically needed for the treatment of VABP. However, current conventionally used animal model systems are inadequate to meet this challenge. We, therefore, developed rabbit models of VABP caused by carbapenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Persistently neutropenic New Zealand White rabbits were used throughout the study. The early-phase intubated model (0–24 h) received mechanical ventilation, while the late-phase intubated model (72–96 h) was ambulatory. The following outcome parameters were studied: survival, residual tissue bacterial burden (CFU/g), residual BAL bacterial burden (CFU/mL), lung weights, pulmonary lesion score, histology, O
2
saturation, radiographic imaging, and histology. Each anesthetized rabbit received a predetermined endotracheal bacterial inoculum, and ventilators were set to FiO
2
= 40% and PEEP = 8 mmHg. Within the first 12 h post-inoculation, mean bacterial burdens in lung tissue and BAL fluid, respectively, were established at approximately 10
7
CFU/g and 10
6
CFU/mL, persisted through 24 h in the early-phase model and increased in the late-phase model to approximately 10
8
CFU/g and 10
7
CFU/mL. Mean max SpO
2
was ≥98 mmHg, and mean nadir SpO
2
was ≥68 mmHg. Serial thoracic radiographs demonstrated progressive multilobar pneumonic infiltrates. Lung histology revealed progressive focal bronchopneumonia, coagulative necrosis, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, alveolar epithelial cell necrosis, and bacterial microcolonies. The new rabbit model of VABP produced by carbapenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
recapitulates the pathophysiological, microbiological, diagnostic imaging, and histological patterns of human disease by which to assess critically needed new antimicrobial agents against this lethal infection.