bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The space of Heegaard splittings
Authors: Johnson Jesse , McCullough Darryl 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
For a Heegaard surface Σ in a closed orientable 3-manifold M, we denote by ℋ﻿(M, Σ) = Diff﻿(M)/Diff﻿(M, Σ) the space of Heegaard surfaces equivalent to the Heegaard splitting (M, Σ). Its path components are the isotopy classes of Heegaard splittings equivalent to (M, Σ). We describe H﻿(M, Σ) in terms of Diff﻿(M) and the Goeritz group of (M, Σ). In particular, for hyperbolic M each path component is a classifying space for the Goeritz group, and when the (Hempel) distance of (M, Σ) is greater than 3, each path component of ℋ﻿(M, Σ) is contractible. For splittings of genus 0 or 1, we determine the complete homotopy type (modulo the Smale Conjecture for M in the cases when it is not known).
The microstructure of DNA-egg yolk phosphatidylcholine-gemini surfactants complexes: effect of the spacer length
Authors: Uhríková Daniela , Pullmannová Petra , Šabíková Adriana , Devínsky Ferdinand , Funari Sergio S. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background: The length of spacer of gemini surfactants affects the DNA packing in DNA-neutral phospholipid-gemini surfactant complexes.

Methods: The microstructure of complexes DNA-egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC)-alkane-α,ω-diyl-bis(dodecyl\xaddimethylammonium bromides) (CnGS, spacer n=2–12, n is even) was studied using small angle X-ray diffraction.

Results: At EYPC:CnGS=1:1 mol/mol, the condensed lamellar phase was identified in complexes with CnGS, n=2–4, whereas longer spacer (n≥6) induced a hexagonal phase. The condensed lamellar phase L

α

c
was observed in the range 2\≤ EYPC:GnGS≤10 (mol/mol) in all complexes. The distance between adjacent DNA strands increases linearly with decreasing surface charge density of EYPC-CnGS vesicles. We determined the increase in d

DNA
0.40±0.03 nm/1 mol of EYPC from the slope of d

DNA
=f (molEYPC/molCnGS) in the range of molar ratios 2≤EYPC:CnGS≤5. At lower surface charge density, EYPC:CnGS>5 mol/mol, the length of CnGS spacer (n=6–10) modulates the DNA-DNA distance.

Conclusions: Both the short spacer of CnGS and the low molar ratio EYPC:CnGS result in the closest DNA-DNA packing. A high surface charge density of membrane was reported as a key parameter for transfection efficiency of L

α

c
phase-forming complexes.
Conceptual metaphor as a news-story promoter: The cases of ENL and EIL headlines
Authors: Shie, Jian-Shiung 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This paper explores conceptual metaphor as a news-story promoter in the English-as-a-native-language (ENL) and English-as-an-international-language (EIL) contexts, using a self-constructed corpus of 605 pairs of corresponding New York Times (NYT) and Times Supplement (TS) news stories. Identified from the corpus are the non-lexicalized linguistic realizations of conceptual metaphors in the headlines of the corresponding stories. Rhetorical functions of the identified conceptual metaphors are examined and analyzed with regard to their pragmatic roles as a news-story promoter. Metaphoric variations in figurative conventionality and cultural specificity between NYT and TS headlines are also discussed to reveal the effects of intercultural audience design. The results show that non-lexicalized metaphors foreground a stylistically appealing aspect of the story to draw the reader into the body of the story, that non-lexicalized metaphors in a grander style are used in NYT headlines to engage the ENL reader, that those in a plainer style are used in TS headlines to inform the EIL reader, and that non-lexicalized metaphors in the TS are in general less culture-specific than those in their NYT counterparts. The implication for EIL learning is discussed briefly at the end of the paper.
Levels of pragmatic competence in an EFL academic context: A tool for assessment
Authors: Ifantidou, Elly , Tzanne, Angeliki 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This paper discusses an advanced language assessment tool designed to assess university students' linguistic competence in L2. The tool serves the final exam of a course offered to second-year students of English language and literature. Of the three parts of the exam, (1) reading, (2) language awareness, and (3) writing, the third part (language awareness) explicitly addresses students' pragmatic competence.
In the light of our work, assessing students' pragmatic competence is shown to involve the identification of certain levels of competence ensuing from the interpretive routes learners follow in their attempt to (a) interpret the communicator's intention, (b) identify the linguistic devices that lead them to this interpretation, and (c) explicitly verbalize the link between linguistic devices and interpretation. The suggested ranking of levels draws on data from statistical analysis of 190 final exam scripts.
The proposed assessment of pragmatic competence manifested when dealing with written discourse is considered to be an innovative testing tool, because it is a discourse-based approach to testing pragmatic competence, where both explicit and implicit meanings are retrieved by drawing on a naturally-occurring wide range of lexical and grammatical features. More importantly, the proposed assessment constitutes an accurate testing tool because it allows for levels of pragmatic, hence linguistic, competence to naturally unveil in an authentic reading context requesting the reader's spontaneous reaction and contribution to the process of meaning making in L2.
Review on Application of Response Surface Method based Design of Experiments to Welding Processes
Authors: Siva Prasad Kondapalli , Srinivasa Rao Chalamalasetti , Nageswara Rao Damera 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Design of Experiment is one of the
extensively used method for experimental study
of many manufacturing processes in
engineering. In welding, Design of Experiments
are widely used to develop a mathematical
relationship between the welding input
parameters and the output variables of the
weld joint in order to determine the welding
input parameters that lead to the desired weld
quality. In the present study, a review is
made on Response Surface Method based Design
of Experiments that have been employed for
various welding processes by other
researchers. This study predominantly focuses
on the usage of Response Surface Method in
Welding.
Monographs on drugs which are frequently analyzed in therapeutic drug monitoring/Arzneimittel-Monographien für Medikamente, die regelmäßig im Rahmen des Therapeutic Drug Monitorings analysiert werden
Authors: Rentsch Katharina , Buhl Daniela , Eap Chin Bin , Fathi Marc , Thormann Wolfgang , Werner Dominique 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In addition to the monographs which have been published in the past 7 years by the working group “Drug Monitoring” of the Swiss Society of Clinical Chemistry (SSCC) [1–6], new monographs have been written. The data presented in these monographs provide an overview of the information which is important for the request and interpretation of the results. Therefore, laboratory health professionals and the receivers of the reports are the targeted readers. In this series, antiretroviral drugs are presented for which drug concentrations are regularly determined (protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors). To date, no clear evidence has been established that therapeutic drug monitoring of these drugs increases the success of the antiretroviral therapy. Nevertheless, many cases have demonstrated that the therapy can be guided with much more confidence and with good success if the drug concentrations are determined, especially if the patient has a combination therapy with many pharmacokinetically interfering compounds. First, information is given about pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of these drugs, such as protein binding, metabolic pathways with specific enzymes involved, elimination half-life time, elimination route(s) of the parent drug, as well as therapeutic and toxic concentrations. Moreover, indications for therapeutic drug monitoring are listed with important preanalytical information (time point of blood sampling and time to steady state since beginning or after change of posology). Furthermore, the stability of the drug and its metabolite(s) after blood sampling are described. For readers with a specific interest, references to important publications are given. The number of monographs will be further enlarged. The updated files are presented on the homepage of the SSCC (www.sscc.ch). We hope that these monographs are helpful for the better handling of therapeutic drug monitoring and we are looking forward to receiving comments from the readers.
Solid-state and solution 117Sn NMR study of C2O4(SnPh3)2: a revision
Authors: Diop Libasse 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Solid-state and solution 117Sn nuclear magnetic resonance studies of C2O4(SnPh3)2 have been carried out and found to be in good agreement with the tetrahedral environment of the tin (IV) atom as found from the solid state structure, previously determined by a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
Synthesis and characterisation of organotin(IV) derivatives of ambidentate ligands containing nitrogen and sulphur donor atoms
Authors: Chagas Rafael César Russo , da Silveira Maia José Roberto , Ferraz Vany P. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A series of organotin(IV) derivatives of bis(pyrimidin-2-ylthio)methane (ptm), 1,2-bis(pyrimidin-2-ylthio)ethane (pte) and 1,6-bis(pyrimidin-2-ylthio)hexane (pth) have been prepared in dichloromethane at room temperature. The 2:1 (M/L) molar ratio compounds have a general formula of [Sn2ClxPh8-xL] (x=2, 4, 6, 8; L=ptm, pte and pth). A 1:1 complex was also obtained by reacting SnClPh3 with pth. The organotin derivatives were characterised by multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C and 119Sn) and infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), microanalysis and melting point. In the triphenyltin derivatives, 1, 5, 9 and 10 the tin atoms show a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal configuration where the ligand is monodentate towards the metal atom. In the compounds 2–4, 6–8 and 11–13, the tin atoms each exhibit a distorted octahedral configuration. Chelation is formed between the tin nucleus and the coordinating sulphur and nitrogen atoms. The correlation between the 1J(13C-119Sn) and C-Sn-C bond angle indicates formation of 5-coordinate compounds.
Application of Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) model to polythiophene composite thin films
Authors: Deshmukh Dhananjay P. , Shirbhate Praful D. , Yawale Sangita S. , Yawale Shrikrishna P. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Synthesis of polymer composites poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and polythiophene (PTh) was done by chemical oxidative method using FeCl3oxidant in methanol. Thin films with PTh-PVAc polymer composite were prepared for 5.5, 10.4, 14.9, 18.9 and 22.5 wt% of iodine as a dopant. Direct current (DC) conductivity as a function of temperature (313–363 K) was measured by the two probe method. Characterization of the sample was done via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TG)/differential thermal analysis (DTA). The maximum value for DC electrical conductivity was found for 10.4 wt% (σ=9.78×10-10S cm-1). The decrease in conductivity for greater iodine concentrations may be due to reduced segmental motion. The temperature dependence conductivity shows percolative behavior and a clear cross over from Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) to Arrhenius behavior. Ionic conduction decreased with increase in the concentration of iodine, which shows ionic charge transport. XRD of the samples showed an amorphous nature. FTIR spectra showed absorption in the range 550–3600 cm-1, which indicates various bands involved in the PTh-PVAc polymer composite with iodine doping. From TG/DTA studies, it was observed that all the samples with a different wt% of iodine showed degradation in a range 75–81% when heated up to 888 K.
Head models and dynamic causal modeling of subcortical activity using magnetoencephalographic/electroencephalographic data
Authors: Attal Yohan , Maess Burkhard , Friederici Angela , David Olivier 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Cognitive functions involve not only cortical but also subcortical structures. Subcortical sources, however, contribute very little to magnetoencephalographic (MEG) and electroencephalographic (EEG) signals because they are far from external sensors and their neural architectonic organization often makes them electromagnetically silent. Estimating the activity of deep sources from MEG and EEG (M/EEG) data is thus a challenging issue. Here, we review the influence of geometric parameters (location/orientation) on M/EEG signals produced by the main deep brain structures (amygdalo-hippocampal complex, thalamus and some basal ganglia). We then discuss several methods that have been utilized to solve the issues and localize or quantify the M/EEG contribution from deep neural currents. These methods rely on realis­tic forward models of subcortical regions or on introducing strong dynamical priors on inverse solutions that are based on biologically plausible neural models, such as those used in dynamic causal modeling (DCM) for M/EEG.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and prion diseases
Authors: Xu Kun , Zhu Xiu-Ping 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an important cellular organelle in eukaryotic cells, becomes dysfunctional following exposure to harmful stimuli. These stimuli can cause the ER stress response, which induces cell apoptosis due to changes in ER protein levels such as glucose-regulated protein. Current studies indicate that ER stress is closely related to the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative disorders, e.g., prion diseases. The pathogenic agent known as the misfolded prion protein may cause an imbalance in ER homeostasis and commit the neuron to a pathway of apoptosis; however, the specific mechanisms are still under intensive investigation. This review summarizes current research investigating the relationship between ER stress and prion diseases. These findings will aid in the development of novel strategies for diagnosis and therapies for prion and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Early-Effect like Behavior in Space Charge Regions of Organic Bulk-Heterojunction Photodiodes
Authors: Guvenc Ali Bilge , Ozkan Cengiz , Ozkan Mihrimah 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe space charge region width of the Schottky barrier that forms on the interface between aluminum and organic semiconductor polymer of bulk-heterojunction organic photodiodes has been investigated according to reverse voltage bias over the device and the capacitance-voltage characteristics. Here, we investigated the space charge region widths according to incident light power. Comparison of the mathematical models and experimental data measured under different light power indicate that effect of light on the space charge region of photodiodes is similar to the effect of base-emitter voltage on the space charge region of base-emitter junction in bipolar junction transistors.
Nanomechanical Properties of Teflon Amorphous Fluoropolymer -MWCNT Bilayer Films
Authors: Schoeppner R. L. , Qiu A. , Stauffer D. D. , Major R. C. , Skinner J. L. , Zifer T. , O’Bryan G. , Vance A. , Gerberich W. W. , Bahr D. F. , Moody N. R. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTTeflon amorphous fluoropolymer (TAF) multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) suspensions have the potential for creating conductive coatings on insulating films for numerous applications. However, there are few studies on polymer MWCNT suspension properties and even fewer that use Teflon. To define mechanical and electrical property relationships, bilayer films of TAF-MWCNT were created with differing concentrations of MWCNTs. Nanoindentation revealed that addition of 8 wt% MWCNTs to TAF increased the elastic modulus by about 25% and hardness by about 15%. Conducting indentation showed 8 wt% MWCNT films exhibit uniform stable conductance once indentation depth exceeds several hundred nanometers. Films with lower concentrations of CNTs were insulating. The two techniques provide a unique description of structure property relationships in this suspension film system.
Recovering Linkage Between Seismic Images and Velocity Models
Authors: Zhao Jing , Chelmis Charalampos , Sorathia Vikram , Prasanna Viktor , Goel Abhay 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Seismic processing and interpretation involves resource intensive processing in the petroleum exploration domain. By employing various types of models, seismic interpretations are often derived in an iterative refinement process, which may result in multiple versions of seismic images. Keeping track of the derivation history (a.k.a. provenance) for such images thus becomes an important issue for data management. Specifically, the information about what velocity model was used to generate a seismic image is useful evidence for measuring the quality of the image. The information can also be used for audit trail and image reproduction. However, in practice, existing seismic processing and interpretation systems do not always automatically capture and maintain this type of provenance information.
In this paper, by employing state-of-the-art techniques in text analytics, semantic processing and machine learning, we propose an approach that recovers the linkage between seismic images and their ancestral velocity models when no provenance information is recorded. Our approach first retrieves information from file/directory names of the images and models, such as project names, processing vendors, and algorithms involved in the seismic processing and interpretation. Along with the creation timestamps, the retrieved information is associated with corresponding images and models as metadata. The metadata of a seismic image and its ancestral models usually satisfy certain relationships. In our approach, we detect and represent such relationships as rules, and a matching process utilizes the rules and retrieved metadata to find the best-matching images and models.
In practice, images’ and models’ file names often do not adhere to naming standards and they are stored without following well established record keeping practices. Users may also use different terms to express the same information in file/directory names. We employ Semantic Web technologies to address this challenge. We develop domain ontologies with OWL/RDFs, based on which we provide an interactive way for users to semantically annotate terms contained in file/directory names. All metadata used by the image-model matching process is represented as ontology instances. Matching can be performed using the standard semantic query language. The evaluation results show that our approach can achieve satisfying accuracy.
A New Method for Estimating Waterflood Oil Recovery Efficiency Using Post-Waterflood NMR and Dielectric Well Logs, Belridge Field, California
Authors: Reed Daniel A. , Tanis Elizabeth A. , Lalicata Joseph J. , Zannitto Peter J. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
It sounds like a contradiction – assessing waterflood oil recovery by layer in a reservoir without knowing the original saturation distribution. However, we have developed a new method for estimating layer oil recovery efficiency using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and dielectric logs run in wells within a mature, onshore waterflood. We use post-waterflood NMR T2 signals to give the reservoir rock pore-body size distribution at depths along the wellbore. This depth-dependent distribution can be converted into a series of oil-water capillary-pressure curves. The capillary pressure curves can then be modeled into the original, pre-waterflood saturation height model (SHM), which gives original oil in place (OOIP). The dielectric log, also acquired postwaterflood, is used to measure the remaining oil distribution in the reservoir. The breakthrough concept is that the saturation difference between the NMR-derived saturation height model and the post-waterflood dielectric log, which corresponds to the amount of oil swept by the flood, can be measured post-waterflood "all in one go."
Conventionally, pre-primary recovery well logs are needed to delineate native-reservoir saturation distributions and provide a baseline for OOIP. Although ~1500 resistivity well logs were acquired in the diatomite reservoirs of the South Belridge field in the San Joaquin Valley, California, between 1979 and 1987, our understanding of localized original saturation variations is complicated by many factors. These include primary depletion and the injection of variable salinity water over time. For these reasons, this "all in one go" alternative method was developed to estimate OOIP and waterflood sweep efficiency in the diatomite.
The biggest test of this new technique came when comparing the OOIP calculated from the NMR-inferred capillary pressure model against the existing geologic model (localized averages of early well logs) used for the South Belridge field. We found that the OOIP calculated by the new technique agreed favorably with that calculated by the existing geologic model. As a result, a re-assessment of sweep efficiency in the multi-layered South Belridge waterflood is being undertaken on a layer-by-layer basis. This new, post-waterflood NMR and dielectric logging assessment of sweep has potential applications to other reservoirs.
Effect of Penetrating Ratio on Pressure Behavior of Horizontal Wells with Multiple-Inclined Hydraulic Fractures
Authors: Al Rbeawi S.. , Tiab D.. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Horizontal wells with multiple hydraulic fractures have been used widely in the oil and gas industry. In published literatures, hydraulic fractures are assumed to be fully penetrating the formations. Recent studies have shown that partially penetrating fractures are more likely to occur rather than fully penetrating fractures
The purpose of this study is to formulate an analytical model describing the pressure behavior of a horizontal well with partially penetrating hydraulic fractures. This model is used to develop a technique, based on pressure and pressure derivative concept, for interpreting pressure transient tests and forecasting productivity of the well. The fractures in this study were assumed to propagate in an infinite homogenous porous system. Further more, the fractures were assumed to be vertical and inclined. Six main flow regimes can be observed for hydraulic fractures: linear, early radial, second linear, intermediate radial, third linear or elliptical and pseudo-radial flow. Early radial flow represents the radial flow around each fracture may develop for the cases of small penetrating rate. Intermediate radial flow is expected to develop for the case of wide spacing between fractures. Third linear flow may develop for the case of high number of fracture with short spacing between them.
Tiab's Direct Synthesis (TDS) technique has been applied using the plots of the pressure and pressure derivative curves. Several unique features of the pressure and pressure derivative plots of partially penetrating fractures models were identified including the points of intersection of straight lines for different flow regimes. These points can be used to verify the results or to calculate unknown parameters. Equations associated with these features were derived and their usefulness was demonstrated. A step-by-step procedure for analyzing pressure tests is included in this paper and illustrated by several numerical examples.