bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Funder strategies for promoting research addressing societal challenges: thematic, impact, and collaboration targeting
Authors: Norn Maria Theresa , Aagaard Kaare , Bjørnholm Josefine , Stage Andreas Kjær 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Research funding instruments are increasingly targeted towards research that can contribute to solutions of complex societal challenges. How funders in practice seek to steer research towards addressing such challenges is, however, not well understood. This study explores how public, challenge-oriented funding instruments from three Northern European countries have been designed and deployed to steer funded research in desired directions. Our findings shed light on the practical levers that public funders use to influence research. The study also illustrates how these efforts are influenced by differences in their governance as well as in the choices they make about how to balance aims of promoting research excellence with aims of steering research towards other desired means and ends (e.g. economic and societal impact). Our findings highlight dilemmas and trade-offs in funders’ targeting efforts to influence the direction and outcomes of research, which ultimately influence the success of such efforts.
Concealed exchanges: relational work in racially segregated housing markets
Authors: Jang-Trettien Christine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
How do real-estate investors make decisions about where to purchase properties? In recent years, an increasing share of the market has gone to investors, making it critical that we understand the behaviors of these important actors. This study examines investment as a relational process. Through 74 interviews with real estate investors, as well as additional interviews with homeowners and renters in low- to middle-income neighborhoods in Baltimore, I find that strategic interactions and intimate relational work among professional and amateur investors are key to understanding how properties are sold. Professional investors cultivate bonds with new investors by identifying common goals and obstacles. They also use concealment strategies to sell homes, including: legal concealment, concealment through bundling, and concealment through brokers. Legal concealment involves using legal vehicles to transfer properties between owners. Concealment through bundling occurs when properties are bundled together to be sold in bulk. Finally, concealment through brokers entails finding brokers who can connect sellers to investors from other markets. These strategies obscure not only the nature of the relationship between buyers and sellers but also the quality of products being sold. The series of exchanges resemble how products are sold within direct-selling organizations and other predatory industries, which rely on a pyramid-like structure of sponsors and distributors. Furthermore, concealment strategies are more likely to happen in weaker markets and poorer neighborhoods where investor behavior is less constrained—this suggests that concealment has potential to increase urban inequality.
Looking for a rhyme, looking for a reason: reasonableness and the trustee
Authors: Holme Natasha , Sherwin Timothy , Steen Peter 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article examines the standard of reasonableness required of trustees in the execution of their duties, particularly in light of the case of Perez v Equiom Trust Corporation (UK) Ltd & Anor. It explores the objective test for reasonableness, the heightened expectations placed on professional trustees, and the consequences of unreasonableness, including the impact on the trustee’s indemnity. The discussion delves into the nuances of trustee decision-making, the court’s role in intervening, and the implications of the Perez case on trust law and trustee conduct. The authors provide a critical analysis of the trustee’s obligation to act reasonably and the legal standards applied.
Loss of endogenous estrogen alters mitochondrial metabolism and muscle clock‐related protein Rbm20 in female mdx mice
Authors: Timpani Cara A. , Debrincat Didier , Kourakis Stephanie , Boyer Rebecca , Formosa Luke E. , Steele Joel R. , Zhang Haijian , Schittenhelm Ralf B. , Russell Aaron P. , Rybalka Emma , Lindsay Angus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFemale carriers of a Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene mutation manifest exercise intolerance and metabolic anomalies that may be exacerbated following menopause due to the loss of estrogen, a known regulator of skeletal muscle function and metabolism. Here, we studied the impact of estrogen depletion (via ovariectomy) on exercise tolerance and muscle mitochondrial metabolism in female mdx mice and the potential of estrogen replacement therapy (using estradiol) to protect against functional and metabolic perturbations. We also investigated the effect of estrogen depletion, and replacement, on the skeletal muscle proteome through an untargeted proteomic approach with TMT‐labelling. Our study confirms that loss of estrogen in female mdx mice reduces exercise capacity, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, and citrate synthase activity but that these deficits are offset through estrogen replacement therapy. Furthermore, ovariectomy downregulated protein expression of RNA‐binding motif factor 20 (Rbm20), a critical regulator of sarcomeric and muscle homeostasis gene splicing, which impacted pathways involving ribosomal and mitochondrial translation. Estrogen replacement modulated Rbm20 protein expression and promoted metabolic processes and the upregulation of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism. Our data suggest that estrogen mitigates dystrophinopathic features in female mdx mice and that estrogen replacement may be a potential therapy for post‐menopausal DMD carriers.
Exploring CYP2D6 polymorphisms and angiotensin receptor blocker response in the Bai hypertensive population
Authors: Yang Canbiao , Zhang Guoqiang , Shu Chang , Lv Linxi , Liu Zhengxing , Tian Yan , Tan Qi , Wang Zhaobin , Hu Songnian , Yang Libo , Sun Ningling 
Published: June 2024

Objective
The CYP2D6 enzyme is crucial for the metabolism and disposition of a variety of drugs. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between CYP2D6 gene polymorphisms and the response to angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)-based treatment in patients of Chinese Bai ethnicity with hypertension.

Methods
Seventy-two hypertensive adults from the Chinese Bai ethnic group, exhibiting systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg, were recruited. Targeted regional sequencing was utilized to genotype single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP2D6 gene, aiming to assess their frequency and to evaluate their influence on the therapeutic efficacy of ARB medications.

Results
Our research identified nine significant CYP2D6 polymorphisms associated with the efficacy of ARB treatment in the Bai hypertensive cohort. Specifically, patients possessing certain mutant genotype at rs111564371 exhibited substantially greater reductions in SBP and DBP, with P-values of 0.021 and 0.016, respectively, compared to those carrying the wild genotype. Additionally, these mutant genotype at rs111564371 and rs112568578 were linked to approximately 20% higher overall efficacy rates and a 10% increased achievement rate relative to the wild genotype.

Conclusion
Our research with the Bai hypertensive group shows that certain CYP2D6 polymorphisms significantly influence ARB treatment outcomes. Mutations at rs111564371 led to better blood pressure control (P-values: 0.021 for SBP, 0.016 for DBP), improving ARB efficacy by appromixately 20% and increasing treatment goal achievement by 10% over the wild-type genotype.

Statements
Our investigation into CYP2D6 polymorphisms within the Bai hypertensive cohort marks a substantial advancement towards personalized healthcare, underscoring the pivotal influence of genetic constitution on the effectiveness of ARB therapy.
Public Perception of Scrub Color and Style in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Firouzbakht Peter K. , Zhang Andi , Nguyen David C. , Slovacek Cedar , Daytz Anna E. , Tanna Neil , Chen Kevin 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Scrubs have become widespread office attire for plastic surgeons. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the public perception of scrub color and style for plastic surgeons.

Methods:
A crowdsourced survey was performed via MTurk. Respondents were asked to rate images of a surgeon dressed in black, navy, blue, and green scrubs as well as traditional or fitted scrubs. Qualities including representativeness, skill, trustworthiness, knowledge, and compassion were rated on a Likert scale across all images. Analysis of variance and one-sided t test were used to analyze differences in means.

Results:
In total, 562 responses were collected. For female plastic surgeons, navy and blue scrubs were perceived to be superior to those wearing black for skill, representativeness, trustworthiness, and compassion (P < 0.05). For male plastic surgeons, navy and blue scrubs were superior to black for knowledge, skill, representativeness, trustworthiness, and compassion (P < 0.05). For skill and representativeness, navy was superior to green (P < 0.05). For representativeness, blue was superior to green (P < 0.05). For trustworthiness and compassion, green was superior to black (P < 0.05). Fitted scrubs were significantly preferred (P < 0.05) across all characteristics with the exception of representativeness in the subgroup of male plastic surgeons.

Conclusions:
Black scrubs are associated with more negative characteristics than navy or blue scrubs, which were found to be the most positively perceived. Fitted scrubs were associated with positive characteristics for both male and female surgeons. The purchase of fitted scrubs may be a worthwhile purchase to maximize the patient–physician relationship.
Re-exploration for bleeding and long-term survival after adult cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of reconstructed time-to-event data
Authors: Jr Soletti Giovanni , Cancelli Gianmarco , Dell’Aquila Michele , Caldonazo Tulio , Harik Lamia , Rossi Camilla , Tasoudis Panagiotis , Leith Jordan , An Kevin R. , Dimagli Arnaldo , Demetres Michelle , Gaudino Mario 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Postoperative bleeding requiring re-exploration is a serious complication that occurs in 2.8–4.6% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Re-exploration has previously been associated with a higher risk of short-term mortality. However, a comprehensive analysis of long-term outcomes after re-exploration for bleeding has not been published.

Materials and methods:
The authors performed a systematic, three databases search to identify studies reporting long-term outcomes in patients who required re-exploration for bleeding after cardiac surgery compared to patients who did not, with at least 1-year of follow-up. Long-term survival was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were operative mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, renal and respiratory complications, and hospital length of stay. Random-effects models was used. Individual patient survival data was extracted from available survival curves and reconstructed using restricted mean survival time.

Results:
Six studies totaling 135 456 patients were included. The average follow-up was 5.5 years. In the individual patient data, patients who required re-exploration had a significantly higher risk of death compared with patients who did not [hazard ratio (HR): 1.21; 95% CI: 1.14–1.27; P<0.001], which was confirmed by the study-level survival analysis (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.12–1.56; P<0.01). Re-exploration was also associated with a higher risk of operative mortality [odds ratio (OR): 5.25, 95% CI: 4.74–5.82, P<0.0001], stroke (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.72–2.43, P<0.0001), renal (OR: 4.13, 95% CI: 3.43–4.39 P<0.0001) respiratory complications (OR: 3.91, 95% CI: 2.96–5.17, P<0.0001), longer hospital length of stay (mean difference: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.68–3.69, P<0.0001), and myocardial infarction (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.30–2.65, P=0.0007).

Conclusion:
Postoperative bleeding requiring re-exploration is associated with lower long-term survival and increased risk of short-term adverse events including operative mortality, stroke, renal and respiratory complications, and longer hospital length of stay. To improve both short-term and long-term outcomes, strategies to prevent the need for re-exploration are necessary.
Evaluation of a 12-hole clock model for improving bronchoscopic skills in simulated normal and difficult airways among anesthesia residents: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Zhou Zhiqiang , Zhang Kaiwen , Zhao Xu , Hu Yingjie , He Yuqin , Wan Li , Yao Wenlong 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Simulation-based training is used to improve fiberoptic bronchoscopic skills for novices. We developed a nonanatomical task trainer (named 12-hole clock model) that focused on training manipulation of bronchoscopes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the training effect of this model on bronchoscopic skills and learning interests in simulated normal and difficult airways among anesthesia residents.

Methods:
Forty-three anesthesia residents without experience in bronchoscopic intubation were randomly divided into control (n = 22) and intervention groups (n = 21). All participants received standard multimedia learning and a baseline test using a normal airway manikin. Then, the control and intervention groups engaged in 60 minutes of training via a traditional airway manikin or the clock model, respectively. After training, the participants completed bronchoscopic performance assessments in simulated normal and difficult airways, as well as an electronic questionnaire related to the course.

Results:
During training, the total hands-on time of bronchoscopic practice recorded by trainees’ themselves was longer in the intervention group than in the control group (1568 ± 478 seconds vs 497 ± 172 s, P < .0001). Posttraining, the time required to visualize the carina in simulated normal airways was longer in the intervention group than in the control group (22.0 [18.0, 29.0] vs 14.0 [10.8, 18.3], P < .0001), while it was shorter for simulated difficult airways (24.0 [16.0, 32.0] s vs 27.0 [21.0, 35.5] s, P = .0425). The survey results indicated that confidence in bronchoscopic intubation increased in both groups, without significant differences in satisfaction, acceptance, or perceived difficulty between the groups. However, the interest ratings were higher in the intervention group than in the control group.

Conclusions:
The 12-hole clock model is a simple and feasible method for improving bronchoscopic skills and promoting interest among trainees.

Trial registration:
NCT05327842 at Clinicaltrials.gov.
Effect of oral tranexamic acid on postoperative bleeding in spinal surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kargar-soleimanabad Saeed , khormali Aynoor , Godazandeh Farnaz , Najafi Sajjad 
Published: June 2024

Background and objective:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of oral administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) on reducing intraoperative bleeding during spinal surgeries.

Method:
The study was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants were individuals over 20 years old who underwent spinal surgery. Patients received 1.5 g of TXA orally, 2 h before surgery. Intraoperative bleeding volume, blood volume in the drain after surgery, length of hospital stays after surgery, incidence of nausea or vomiting, decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) level, and postoperative coagulation test results were evaluated in each group.

Results:
In this study, patients were assigned to each study group based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean age of patients was 69.6±6.47 years, and 65% were male. There was no significant difference in age, sex, pre and postoperative Hb levels, prothrombin time (PT), or international normalized ratio (INR) between the study groups. Intraoperative bleeding volume and blood volume in the drain after surgery were significantly lower in the TXA group. Additionally, the length of hospital stay after surgery was significantly shorter in the TXA group. The incidence of nausea or vomiting was significantly higher in the TXA group. Furthermore, postoperative partial thromboplastin time (PTT) was significantly higher in the TXA group compared to the placebo group.

Conclusion:
Oral administration of TXA before spinal surgery leads to a significant reduction in intraoperative and postoperative bleeding without significant adverse effects and also reduces the length of hospital stay.
Pediatric cardiac hydatid cysts: a diagnostic odyssey: a rare case report
Authors: Zahri Soukaina , Ettagmouti Yassine , Zagdan Soukaina , Belhakim Mehdi , Haboub Meriem , Drighil Abdenasser , Habbal Rachida 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Hydatidosis, caused by the Echinococcus tapeworm, typically manifests with hepatic and pulmonary symptoms, but cardiac involvement, especially in pediatric cases, poses a rare challenge. This overview emphasizes the diagnostic complexities and potential complications associated with this uncommon parasitic disease.

Case presentation:
A 4-year-old child was presented with epigastric pain after an abdominal impact trauma. Clinical examination revealed tachycardia, fever, and pericardial effusion with an intramyocardial cyst. Hydatid serology confirmed the diagnosis, and subsequent imaging ruled out additional localizations. Treatment involved albendazole, pericardial drainage, and cyst removal, resulting in a favorable outcome.

Discussion
Cardiac hydatid cysts, comprising only 0.5–-2% of visceral cases, often occur in underdeveloped regions. The authors’ case, affecting the right ventricle in a pediatric patient, contributes to the understanding of varied presentations. Diagnosis relies on echocardiography, computed tomography scans, and MRI, with surgery being the mainstay treatment. Symptomatic cases demand prompt intervention due to potential complications.

Conclusion:
This case underscores the intricate diagnostic journey and management challenges posed by cardiac hydatid cysts, particularly in pediatric populations. Collaboration between medical disciplines is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment, emphasizing the importance of ongoing research in endemic regions.
Aortic ulcerated plaque discovery following mesenteric infarction in a 60-year-old patient: a case report
Authors: Almohamed Ahmad , Takkem Saleh , Karaja Saja , Marina Sliman , Zoukar Sham , Rahhal Rema 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
A penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU), which accounts for 2–7% of all acute aortic syndromes, is the ulceration of an aortic atherosclerotic plaque that passes through the internal elastic lamina and into the aortic medium. Although PAUs are frequently seen in the middle and lower descending thoracic aortas, it is rare for them to arise in the ascending aorta. Atherosclerotic vascular illnesses and isolated peripheral arterial illnesses are associated with similar risk factors, such as male sex, advanced age, a history of tobacco use, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease. Just 20–54% of people with PAU first exhibit symptoms, suggesting that the condition might sometimes present as an asymptomatic phenomenon.

Case presentation:
A 60-year-old male came to the emergency department due to severe abdominal pain and abdominal contractures, which were diagnosed as mesenteric infarction with a relatively small infarcted intestinal segment. A part of the intestine was resected. Then he was referred to request a cardiac consultation to search for the source of the mesenteric infarction, which turned out to be an embolus.

Clinical discussion:
The patient was referred to cardiac surgery to perform aortic grafting.

Conclusion:
Aortic ulcer and mesenteric infarction together provide a challenging clinical picture that has to be recognized and treated right away. A high index of suspicion is necessary due to the possibility of fast deterioration, particularly in individuals who have risk factors like arteriosclerosis. Improving outcomes depends critically on early diagnostic imaging and intervention.
Meckel’s diverticulum complicated by acute intestinal obstruction: a case report
Authors: Niasse Abdou , Ndiaye Abdoulaye , Dieng Papa Souleymane , Dieng Mactar , Ndong Abdourahmane , Cissé Mamadou , Dieng Madieng , Konaté Ibrahima 
Published: June 2024

Introduction and importance:
Meckel’s diverticulum is a rare congenital intestinal anomaly that can sometimes cause serious complications. The authors’ aim is to review the literature on this condition by reporting the clinical case of a young adult with Meckel’s diverticulum complicated by acute intestinal obstruction.

Case presentation:
This was a 24-year-old young man, operated on for open bladder stones received for occlusive syndrome. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) suggested a flange occlusion. Surgical exploration found a Meckel’s diverticulum creating a flange around the last one. An intestinal resection was performed with direct anastomosis with simple consequences.

Clinical discussion:
Meckel’s diverticulum is a rare congenital intestinal anomaly. It is discovered incidentally or in the face of serious complications such as intestinal obstruction. Intestinal resection with one-stage anastomosis emerges as a standard and safe management approach.

Conclusion:
A Meckel’s diverticulum can be complicated by acute intestinal obstruction mimicking a postoperative flange that can err the diagnosis.
Low Dose Aspirin Initiation 18 Hours After Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Murphy Aubrey , Hamilton Leslie A. , Farley Kalene , Rowe Shaun A. , Christianson Thomas , Medenwald Brittny 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
To investigate the safety of administering low-dose aspirin (81 mg) 18 hours after intravenous thrombolytic therapy.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort investigation. Individuals received either alteplase or tenecteplase for acute ischemic stroke followed by aspirin 81 mg (after follow-up imaging). An institutional change moved follow-up post-thrombolytic CT scans to 18 hours, and qualifying patients were grouped based on whether they received aspirin ≤24 hours or >24 hours. Chart reviews were conducted to assess the primary outcome of new or worsening intracranial hemorrhage, as well as secondary outcomes of change in stroke scale scores at discharge and 3 months, lengths of stay, favorable outcomes at 3 months, hospital readmission, and mortality.

Results:
Out of 350 patients screened, 130 qualified for inclusion—50 of whom received aspirin ≤24 hours (mean 21.1 hours, SD±6.2), and 80 who received aspirin >24 hours (mean 34 hours, SD±8.2). Only 1 new intracranial bleed occurred following aspirin administration in the >24-hour group. No statistically significant differences were observed in any of the secondary outcomes, although there was higher mortality (3/50 vs. 2/80, P=0.372) and shorter hospital length of stay (median difference −1.0 day, P=0.0336) in the <24 hours group.

Conclusions:
Low-dose aspirin administration sooner than 24 hours following thrombolytic therapy did not increase bleeding events. Sooner aspirin administration after ischemic stroke can potentially enhance the prevention of secondary embolization and did not demonstrate worse clinical outcomes; however, further randomized controlled trials are needed.