bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Strategies of Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations and Reliability Assessment in Distribution Networks With Solar‐Based Distributed Generation
Authors: Singh Abhishek Kumar , Kumar Ashwani 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIndustry insiders who want to lower the greenhouse gas emissions linked to conventional fuel cars consider electric vehicles (EVs) as a practical alternative for mobility. EVs are a potential problem even though their performance is limited by their low battery power, long service charging times, and high resource costs. To improve the EV performance, this manuscript presents the hybrid technique for the optimal position of electric vehicles fast‐charging stations (EVFCSs) in the distribution network. The proposed scheme is a joined execution of Wild Horse Optimizer (WHO) and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), which is commonly named the WHO‐GBDT technique. The primary goal of the research is to decrease loss of power and voltage deviation. The optimal position for an electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) is determined using the WHO method. GDBT is used to predict the load demand. The proposed WHO‐GDDT regulates the placement of EVCS, balancing their integration with distributed generation while enhancing the sustainability and reliability of distribution networks. The proposed WHO‐GBDT algorithm is actualized in the MATLAB platform and compared their performance with various existing strategies like the Forensic Investigation Algorithm, Archimedean Optimization Algorithm (FBIAOA), Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (TSA), and Cuttlefish Algorithm (CA). The simulation findings of the proposed scheme are validated under three cases in the IEEE 33 bus system, like load 1, load 2 and load 3. From the result, the proposed method effectively reduced loss of power and voltage variation by 58.24% and 90.47%, respectively.
Birth of Paranthropus
Authors: Wood Bernard , Biggs Daniel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRobert Broom, who is best known among vertebrate paleontologists for his research on mammal‐like reptiles, was drawn into paleoanthropology because of his defense of Raymond Dart's interpretation of the Taung infant skull. Our contribution documents Robert Broom's background, his life and career, and how he became directly involved with human origins research in South Africa in the second and third decades of the 20thC. It focuses on the circumstances surrounding Broom's interest in what was being recovered at Sterkfontein, how Broom “discovered” the site of Kromdraai, and the fossil evidence that led to his 1938 paper announcing the discovery of a new hominin genus and species, Paranthropus robustus. It also summarizes subsequent discoveries assigned to P. robustus, and developments in interpretations of its evolutionary history. Broom was a complex character who combined remarkably “modern” interpretations of the early hominin fossil record, with decidedly idiosyncratic views about science and evolution, and attitudes to modern human variation that were overtly racist.
Cancer Immunotherapy Based on the Bidirectional Reprogramming of the Tumor Microenvironment by a “Brakes Off/ Step on the Accelerator” Core‐Shell Manganese Phosphate/siPD‐L1 Modulator
Authors: Xia Fei , Lu Yuqian , Gong Zipeng , Tu Qingchao , Liang Shuntao , Wang Chen , Yao HaiLu , Zhong LinYing , Fu Yuanfeng , Guo Pengbo , Hou Yichong , Zhou Xinyu , Zou Li , Gan Licheng , Chen Weiqi , Yan Jiawei , Zhang Junzhe , Pang Huanhuan , Meng Yuqing , Shi Qiaoli , Pan Chen , Tao Xiaomei , Wang Jigang , Du Qingfeng , Qiu Chong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe insufficient infiltration and functional inhibition of CD8+ T cells due to tumor microenvironment (TME) are considered enormous obstacles to anti‐tumor immunotherapy. Herein, a pH‐responsive core‐shell manganese phosphate nanomodulator co‐loading siPD‐L1 and Mn2+ into nanoparticles coated with hyaluronic acid was prepared, which was aimed at the bidirectional reprogramming the tumor microenvironment: (1) “Brakes off,” restoring CD8+ T cells function by siPD‐L1 knockdowning PD‐L1 expression of tumor cells; (2) “Step on the accelerator,” promoting CD8+ T cells infiltration in tumors tissue based on the multidimensional immune effects of Mn2+ (immunogenic cell death induced the enhancing cGAS‐STING pathway, the proliferation and maturation of relative immune cells). Additionally, this strategy could induce macrophage polarization and inhibit the regulatory T cells in tumor site. This work provided a manganese phosphate nanomodulator to reprogram the immune TME for an enhanced comprehensive anti‐tumor effect of triple negative breast cancer, which offers a robust method for tumor immunotherapy in future clinical applications.
Effect of Fuel Structure and Species on Grassy Fuel Ignition: Insights From Bench Scale Experiments and Thermogravimetric Analysis
Authors: Saha Shusmita , Cobian‐Iñiguez Jeanette 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGrassy vegetation represents a significant fuel source in multiple fire‐prone regions around the globe. These fuels are a major component of surface fuel beds and are therefore typically the first layer of the wildland fuel strata that ignites. Thus, understanding the drivers of successful grassy fuel ignition is key to developing a comprehensive description of the process leading to fire spread. In the wildland‐urban interface, hot metal particles produced by powerline failures or mechanical equipment operations are a leading ignition source for these types of fuels. The goal of this study is to develop improved understanding of the role of fuel species and physical characteristics on the ignition behavior of grass fuels when exposed to hot metal particles. Three common California invasive grass species were studied in their natural configuration as well as in configurations in which fuel particles have been shredded or made into a powder. Overall, it was observed that the ignition temperature was lower in fuels in their powder form than fuels in a shredded or natural form. Furthermore, the findings here align with prior works, indicating that the presence of chemical compounds such as lignin and proteins may hinder ignition. Consequently, wheatgrass fuels, which have higher lignin and protein content, consistently required higher temperatures to ignite (460°C) compared to Avena (370°C), Bromus (348°C), and excelsior fuels (350°C), which contain these compounds in lower concentrations.
Dynamic Interaction Networks and Frequency Domain Features of Speculation and Volatility in US Energy Futures Markets
Authors: Liu Jianmin , Li Zeguang , Putnam Bluford , Yu Arthur 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the interplay between speculative and price volatility in the energy futures markets over various cycles, utilizing wavelet coherence and a double‐layer network approach. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we find that long‐term price volatility in individual futures markets, driven by extreme events, persistently leads to increased speculative trading, partly associated with increased hedging and risk management activity. The connectedness of the two‐layer network system is dominated by speculation and volatility spillovers in the short and long term, respectively. The cross‐layer spillover effects between price volatility and speculation are more pronounced in the long term. The direct and network effects of speculation reinterpret the interaction patterns among various futures markets. Specifically, the crude oil market, as a net receiver of spillover effects, exhibits an impact of speculation on price volatility driven primarily by network effects. However, the natural gas market is dominated by the direct effects of speculation.
Influence of Cytogenetics on the Outcome of Patients With High‐Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome Including Deletion 5q Treated With Azacitidine With or Without Lenalidomide
Authors: Rasmussen Bengt , Nilsson Lars , Tobiasson Magnus , Jädersten Martin , Garelius Hege , Dybedal Ingunn , Grønbaek Kirsten , Ejerblad Elisabeth , Lorenz Fryderyk , Flogegård Max , Marcher Claus Werenberg , Cavalier Lucia , Ebeling Freja , Olsnes Astrid Marta , Nørgaard Jan Maxwell , Saft Leonie , Möllgård Lars , Hellström‐Lindberg Eva , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Göhring Gudrun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), cytogenetic characteristics of the malignant bone marrow cells influence the clinical course. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether cytogenetics is useful to predict outcome and response in patients with del(5q) under azacitidine (AZA) ± lenalidomide (LEN) therapy. We therefore performed comprehensive cytogenetic analyses in MDS patients with del(5q) treated within the randomized phase II trial NMDSG10B. Seventy‐two patients were enrolled in the study and 46 patients (64%) had sufficient cytogenetics at inclusion and response evaluation. Karyotyping was significantly more sensitive during follow‐up to detect del(5q) compared to FISH, 34 patients (97%) versus 27 patients (77%) (p = 0.027). The overall response rate (ORR) did not differ between the 11 patients with < 3 aberrations (median 1 aberration) and the 59 patients with ≥ 3 aberrations (median 7 aberrations, range 3–16), while ≥ 3 aberrations were associated with shorter overall survival (OS), 9.9 months versus 25.2 months (p = 0.004). OS was significantly shorter in patients with unbalanced translocation of 5q than patients with del (5)(q14q34), 8.4 months versus 21.1 months (p = 0.004). Both complex karyotype and multi‐hit TP53 alterations were more frequent in patients with unbalanced translocations of 5q versus del (5)(q14q34), 98% and 88% versus 67% and 47% (each p = < 0.001). Most patients with cytogenetic progression had multi‐hit TP53 alterations at inclusion. Cytogenetic progression occurred at a similar frequency in the AZA arm and in the AZA + LEN arm. In summary, this study in homogenously treated MDS patients with different abnormalities of 5q demonstrates the influence of cytogenetics on treatment results.Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2011‐001639‐21; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01556477.
The Power of Presence: The Impact of Paternity Leave on Child Health in China
Authors: Li Xiaoman , Fu Yu , Mao Ailin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBased on multi‐source data, this study uses a cross‐regional and birth‐cohort variation to construct a cross‐sectional difference‐in‐differences model analyzing the impact of paternity leave (PL) policies on children’s health outcomes, and explores underlying mechanism. The study finds that PL polices significantly improve children’s health, with parallel trends tests and placebo tests demonstrating strong robustness of these findings. Further research reveals that PL can improve children’s health through three pathways: encouraging fathers’ involvement in childcare, increasing medical expenditure, and forming reasonable family labor division. Meanwhile, the policy shows significant heterogeneous effects on children’s health outcomes across different family sizes and father’s job types. Finally, this study further explores various factors affecting the implementation of PL, aiming to provide empirical evidence for policy‐makers.
Cadaveric Anatomical Study of Orbit‐Preserving Ophthalmic Neurectomy via Endoscopic and Exoscopic Techniques
Authors: Crawford Lachlan , Midwinter Mark , Panizza Benedict 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPerineural spread of cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is most effectively managed by surgical resection with a clear central margin at the affected nerve. For ophthalmic nerve disease, there is no clear consensus regarding the extent of spread which is resectable via an orbit‐preserving neurectomy, either in regard to oncological outcome or technical feasibility.MethodsCadaveric anatomical study of 10 human orbits, with endoscopic and exoscopic dissection of the frontal division of the ophthalmic nerve, to quantify the maximal extent of resection via orbit‐preserving techniques and to discern the advantages and disadvantages of exoscopic versus endoscopic visualization aids.ResultsMean achievable resection length measured from the supraorbital ridge was 40.9 mm (n = 10). No branching patterns were identified which would preclude neurectomy as an oncologically sound option.ConclusionsOrbit‐preserving resection of the ophthalmic nerve is technically feasible to a distance of approximately 4 cm, encompassing the majority of Williams Zone 1.
Demographic Disparities in Diagnosis and Treatment of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors
Authors: Gallagher Tyler J. , Chung Ryan S. , Khachikyan Nyree , Lin Matthew E. , Kokot Niels C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe associations between head and neck cancer (HNC) and anxiety and depression are well‐known, but knowledge regarding the association between demographic factors and rates of diagnosis and treatment for these disorders among HNC survivors is incomplete.MethodsThis retrospective study utilized propensity score matching to compare rates of selected new anxiety and/or depressive disorder diagnoses among HNC survivors and treatment of those disorders by sex, race, ethnicity, and language.ResultsResults suggested lower likelihood of anxiety and/or depressive disorder diagnosis among individuals of male sex, and any minority, African American, Asian, and Other race, while diagnosis rates were higher among native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders. Treatment with pharmacotherapy was less likely among individuals of male sex, any minority and African American Asian race, Hispanic ethnicity, and Spanish language.ConclusionsThis study suggests that mental health diagnosis and treatment among HNC survivors may be inequitable, although further research is necessary to confirm these associations and understand underlying mechanisms.
Plasma Soluble Progenitor Cell Receptors as Biomarkers for Severe Anemia Among Malaria‐Infected Pediatrics: A Prospective Study in Ghana
Authors: Nkansah Charles , Appiah Samuel K. , Osei‐Boakye Felix , Appiah‐Kubi Emmanuel , Abbam Gabriel , Daud Samira , Derigubah Charles A. , Bani Simon B. , Banyeh Moses , Mensah Kofi , Tater Ruby , Mensah Jennifer Obeng , Natornaa Anne , Adjei Isaac , Tanko Muniru M. , Amankwaa Gilbert , Selleh Peter K. , Aboagye Samuel B. , Chima Onwuka K. , Kpangkpari Sylvanus M. , Ottah Prince , Boadi Enoch , Quansah Yeduah , Chukwurah Ejike F. , Ukwah Boniface N. , Usanga Victor U. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSoluble forms of progenitor cell receptors may be implicated in the delayed erythropoietic response during severe anemia. In this study, plasma levels of soluble erythropoietin receptor (sEPO‐R) and soluble granulocyte, macrophage‐colony stimulating factor receptor (sGM‐CSFR) were assessed in Plasmodium falciparum‐infected children in Ghana.MethodsThis case‐control study was conducted at Tamale Teaching Hospital, Ghana. One hundred and twenty P. falciparum‐infected, and 60 uninfected children aged 12–144 months were recruited from April to July, 2023. About 4 mL of blood was collected for malaria microscopy, full blood count using a haematology analyser, and sEPO‐R, sGM‐CSFR and erythropoietin (EPO) estimation using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0.ResultsPlasma levels of sEPO‐R were higher among participants with severe malarial anemia (SMA) than those in the non‐SMA and control groups (p < 0.001). Plasma sGM‐CSFR levels were higher in P. falciparum‐infected children than in controls, but the levels were similar between the SMA and non‐SMA groups. Hemoglobin (r = −0.823, p < 0.001), RBC (r = −0.852, p < 0.001), HCT (r = −0.790, p < 0.001) and platelets (r = −0.810, p < 0.001) negatively correlated with sEPO‐R. There was a strong positive correlation between sEPO‐R and EPO in P. falciparum‐infected children (r = 0.901, p < 0.001). Plasma sEPO‐R better predicted severe anemia among malaria‐infected children (cut‐off point: 161.5 pg/mL, sensitivity: 96.0%, specificity: 82.9%, AUC: 0.964, p < 0.001).ConclusionP. falciparum‐infected children had higher plasma levels of sGM‐CSFR, sEPO‐R and EPO. Plasma sEPO‐R correlated negatively with erythrocyte parameters, suggesting a possible contribution of the endogenous receptor to the development of severe anemia in children with malaria. Further studies to investigate the neutralizing effects of sEPO‐R on erythropoietic response during malaria are recommended.
Bacillus subtilis–containing biostimulant improves salt stress tolerance of creeping bentgrass
Authors: Zhang Xunzhong , Goatley Mike , Flanary Taylor , Gratta Samantha 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTurfgrass is increasingly experiencing salt stress due to the accelerated salinization of agricultural lands and increasing demand for use of reclaimed or other secondary saline water for irrigation of turfgrass landscapes. Proper application of microbial biostimulants may alleviate salt stress‐induced injury of turfgrass and other crop plants. This growth chamber study was to investigate effects of a Bacillus subtilis–containing biostimulant on salt stress tolerance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). There were five treatments, including non‐salt and salt controls, and three rates (0.32, 0.64, and 1.28 mL m−2) of the biostimulant with four replications, and treated grass was subjected to salt stress (sodium chloride [NaCl], 8 ds/m). The results showed that foliar application of the biostimulant improved leaf color, green leaf percentage, leaf chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency, and leaf antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase activity when compared to the salt control. The treatments also increased root biomass, root viability, leaf potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) content. The treatment at the high rate (1.28 mL m−2) tended to have greater positive effects on salt stress tolerance when compared to the low rate (0.32 mL m−2). The results of this study suggest foliar application of the Bacillus subtilis–containing biostimulant at 1.28 mL m−2 could improve salt tolerance by improving plant growth, photosynthetic function, and antioxidant systems in creeping bentgrass.
Ascertaining who is eligible for SNAP: Are we using the correct metric?
Authors: Wei Min‐Fang , Gundersen Craig 
Published: February 2025

AbstractExtensive research has shown that the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) reduces food insecurity. This work, however, has generally defined eligibility based on only the gross income criterion (ignoring the asset and net income criteria). Using data from the 2018 Survey of Income and Program Participation, these central results emerge: the composition of eligible households differs by choice of metric; state's discretion to remove the asset test, compared to setting a higher gross income threshold, has a larger impact on the eligible sample; and previous research examining the effect of SNAP on food insecurity is likely robust to sample choice.
Recurrent Neural Network/Machine Learning Predictions of Reactive Channels in H+ + C2H4 at ELab = 30 eV: A Prototype of Ion Cancer Therapy Reactions
Authors: Das Debojyoti , Teixeira Erico S. , Morales Jorge A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe present a simplest‐level electron nuclear dynamics/machine learning (SLEND/ML) approach to predict chemical properties in ion cancer therapy (ICT) reactions. SLEND is a time‐dependent, variational, on‐the‐fly, and nonadiabatic method. In SLEND, nuclear and electronic parameters determine reactants‐to‐products trajectories in a quantum phase space; this establishes a mapping between reactants' initial conditions and products' properties. To accelerate simulations, SLEND/ML utilizes a modicum of SLEND trajectories to train ML methods on the aforesaid mapping and employs them to predict chemical properties. We employ SLEND/ML to predict reaction types and products' charges in H+ + C2H4 at ELab = 30 eV, a prototype of ICT reactions involving double‐bonded compounds. For reaction predictions, a recurrent neural network (RNN) and k‐nearest neighbor method are the best models with 98.23% and 95.13% accuracy. RNN correctly predicts frequent and infrequent reaction types and generalizes over data sets. For charge predictions, the RNN exhibits low mean absolute errors of 0.02–0.07.
A comprehensive review on photocatalytic degradation of agro‐organochlorine pollutants using multifunctional metal oxide and supported and doped metal oxide nanoarchitecture materials
Authors: Emmanuel Stephen Sunday , Badamasi Hamza , Sanni Saheed O. , Ore Odunayo T. , Bayode Ajibola A. , Adesibikan Ademidun Adeola 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe environment and public health are seriously threatened by the rising incidence of organochlorine pollutants (OCPs) in aquatic environments. In response, photocatalytic degradation has emerged as a viable and sustainable method for getting rid of these dangerous contaminants. This study offers a thorough examination of the most recent developments in photocatalytic degradation approaches, with a specific focus on multifunctional metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs). Through a critical appraisal of relevant literature, the review elucidates the underlying mechanisms involved in the photocatalytic degradation of OCPs and evaluates the performance of various metal oxide nanoarchitecture materials. The review also includes an in‐depth exploration of the regenerability and recyclability of spent MONPs. Future research directions in the area of circular economy and cost analysis were also provided to help upcoming researchers. In conclusion, this review consolidates the current knowledge on the photocatalytic degradation of emerging OCPs, providing valuable insights into the application of MOPs, and contributing to the development of sustainable and efficient strategies for mitigating the environmental damage of OCPs to aid the actualization of Sustainable Development Goals 3, 6, and 14.
Association of P2RY12 Gene Variants and Non‐Genetic Factors With Clopidogrel Responsiveness in Vietnamese Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ta Anh Hoang , Nguyen Duy Toan , Bui Duc Thanh , Hoang Van Tong , Nguyen Oanh Oanh , Luong Cong Thuc , Truong Dinh Cam 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundClopidogrel response varies significantly among individuals due to multiple influencing factors. This study aimed to investigate the associations between P2RY12 gene variants, non‐genetic factors, and platelet aggregation in patients undergoing clopidogrel therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional descriptive study involving 171 patients who successfully underwent coronary artery stenting and were treated with clopidogrel at two military hospitals in Vietnam. Platelet aggregation was assessed using the light transmission aggregometry (LTA) method, with clopidogrel resistance (CR) defined as maximal platelet aggregation > 50%. P2RY12 genetic polymorphisms (C34T‐rs6785930 and G52T‐rs6809699) were genotyped using Sanger sequencing.ResultsThe allele frequencies were 74.56% (C) and 25.44% (T) for P2RY12 C34T, and 88.30% (G) and 11.70% (T) for P2RY12 G52T. Platelet aggregation progressively increased across the GG, GT, and TT genotypes of P2RY12 G52T (p = 0.03), with patients carrying the TT genotype exhibiting significantly higher platelet aggregation compared to other genotypes (p = 0.01). Among non‐genetic factors, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) intake was associated with a significant increase in platelet aggregation (p = 0.03). The prevalence of clopidogrel resistance (CR) was 43.86%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the T allele of P2RY12 C34T, reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and PPI intake as significant risk factors for CR (OR = 2.24, 2.49, 4.01; p = 0.02, 0.049, 0.01, respectively).ConclusionsThe T allele of P2RY12 C34T was associated with an increased risk of CR. Among non‐genetic factors, PPI intake significantly elevated platelet aggregation and, along with reduced eGFR, contributed to a higher risk of CR.