bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of outer filter effects for Cu2+ quantitation: a unique example for monitoring nonfluorescent molecule with fluorescence
Authors: Zong Wansong , Cao Shutao , Xu Qifei , Liu Rutao 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis article concerns a new and precise strategy for the determination of Cu2+ based on a color reaction and outer filter effects (OFEs). Cu2+ can react with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (DDTC) to form a DDTC–Cu2+ complex with a significant absorption at 447 nm. Being positively correlated with Cu2+, the absorption could be treated as the basis for the determination of Cu2+. When cuvettes containing the complex were fixed in the light path of a fluorescence spectrophotometer, the excitation/emitted light were absorbed by the OFEs, similar to absorption mechanisms of inner filter effects. Under suitable conditions, OFEs from the complex could quantitatively reduce the fluorescence intensities of quinine sulfate and acridine yellow by absorbing the excitation or emission light. Compared with traditional absorption spectroscopy (with a detection limit at 0.9 µmol/L), indirect OEF techniques showed increased sensitivities by about 1 order of magnitude. The strategy could be extended to many different systems where components absorb the excitation wavelength and/or emission wavelength of fluorescers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on Effect and Catalytic Mechanism of the Catalysts for Coal Oxidation in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Liu Huaiyou , Lü Jingkang , Zhao Yonggang , Zhou Wei , Yin Renhe 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCoal electro‐oxidation in sodium hydroxide solution with catalysts, K3Fe(CN)6, sodium hypochlorite and supported FeS, were investigated, respectively. Gas produced from electro‐analysis of coal slurry was collected by drainage‐method and I‐t curves were recorded to testify the catalysis of each catalyst for coal oxidation. The results show that the three kinds of catalysts can obviously improve the coal oxidation current. Furthermore, K3Fe(CN)6 and sodium hypochlorite played an indirect oxidation role in the electrolysis process. Catalysts bridge the coal particles and the solid electrode surface, thus increase the coal oxidation rates. The changes of catalyst content during the electrolysis were further determined by quantitative titration to discuss the catalytic Mechanism. The dynamic transition of K3Fe(CN)6/K4Fe(CN)6 and ClO−/Cl− are proposed by iodometric method.
Highly Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Substitution of β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Secondary Alcohols Using Fluoroboric Acid as the Catalyst
Authors: Liu Peinian , Xia Fei , Ren Yujie , Chen Junqina 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe microwave‐assisted substitution of β‐dicarbonyl compounds with secondary alcohols has been achieved efficiently, using very cheap fluoroboric acid (HBF4) as the catalyst. For various β‐dicarbonyl compounds and a series of secondary alcohols, the direct substitution gives high yields after only 5 min of microwave irradiation.
Novel and Efficient One Pot Condensation Reactions between Ketones and Aromatic Alcohols in the Presence of CrO3 Producing α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Li Yanan , Chen Daoyong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe report a new, effective and simple method for preparing α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds by reacting ketones and aromatic alcohols at 56°C in the presence of CrO3 (CrO3 acts as an oxidant and also a catalyst) for around 10 h. The condensation reactions occurred effectively among a wide combination of ketones and alcohols. The procedure is simple and the yields can be high up to 98%. And a probable mechanism is proposed.
N‐(Substituted benzyl)‐3,5‐bis(benzylidene)‐4‐piperidones: Synthesis and Preliminary Anti‐leukemia Activity (I)
Authors: Wang Jing , Meng Wen , Ni Zhenjie , Xue Sijia 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA series of novel N‐(substituted benzyl)‐3,5‐bis(benzylidene)‐4‐piperidones 5a–5o were synthesized with substituted benzylamines as raw materials via a series of Michael addition, Dieckmann condensation, hydrolysis decarboxylation and aldol condensation. The structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, IR, MS techniques and elemental analysis. Assay‐based antiproliferative activity study using leukemic cell lines K562 revealed that most of the title compounds have high effectiveness in inhibiting leukemia K562 cells proliferation, among which the compounds 5g (IC50=7.81 µg·mL−1), 5k (IC50=6.35 µg·mL−1), 5l (IC50=7.20 µg·mL−1), and 5o (IC50=5.79 µg·mL−1) have better inhibition activities than standard 5‐fluorouracil (IC50=8.56 µg·mL−1).
Single brain metastasis: Radiosurgery alone compared with radiosurgery plus up‐front whole‐brain radiotherapy
Authors: Rades Dirk , Hornung Dagmar , Veninga Theo , Schild Steven E. , Gliemroth Jan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Neurosurgical resection is considered the standard treatment for most patients with a single brain metastasis. However, radiosurgery (RS) is a reasonable alternative. It was demonstrated that whole‐brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in addition to RS improves local control of 1‐3 brain metastases. Little information is available regarding WBRT in addition to RS for a single lesion.METHODS:Data of 63 patients who received RS alone for a single brain metastasis were retrospectively compared with 39 patients treated with WBRT+RS for local control of the treated metastasis, distant intracerebral control, and survival. Seven additional potential prognostic factors were investigated including age, sex, Karnofsky performance score, tumor type, extracerebral metastases, recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class, and interval from tumor diagnosis to irradiation.RESULTS:The 1‐year local control rates were 49% after RS and 77% after WBRT+RS (P = .040). The 1‐year distant control rates were 70% and 90%, respectively (P = .08). The 1‐year survival rates were 57% and 61%, respectively (P = .47). On multivariate analysis, improved local control was associated with WBRT+RS (risk ratio [RR], 1.95; P = .033) and interval from tumor diagnosis to irradiation >15 months (RR, 1.88; P = .042). Improved distant control was almost associated with WBRT+RS (RR, 2.24; P = .05) and age (RR, 2.20; P = .05). Improved survival was associated with KPS 90‐100 (RR, 1.73; P = .040), no extracerebral metastases (RR, 1.88; P = .013), RPA class 1 (RR, 2.06; P = .005), and interval from tumor diagnosis to irradiation >15 months (RR, 1.98; P = .009).CONCLUSION:The addition of WBRT to RS was associated with improved local control and distant intracerebral control but not survival. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Informal payments for healthcare services and short‐term effects of the introduction of visit fee on these payments in Hungary
Authors: Baji Petra , Pavlova Milena , Gulácsi László , Zsófia Homolyáné Csete , Groot Wim 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThe objective of this paper is to study the short‐term effects of the introduction of the visit fee in Hungary in 2007 on informal patient payments. We present the pattern of informal payments in primary, out‐patient specialist and in in‐patient care in the period before and shortly after the visit fee was introduced. We also analyse whether in the short run, the introduction of visit fee decreased the probability of paying informally. For the analysis, we use a dataset for a representative sample of 2500 respondents collected in 2007 shortly after the introduction of the visit fee, which contains data on informal payments for healthcare services. According to our results, 9% of the patients paid informally during their last visit to GP (2 Euros on average), 14% paid informally for specialist care (35 Euros on average) and 50% paid informally for hospitalisation (58 Euros on average). We find a significant reduction in the probability of paying informally only for elderly patients in case of in‐patient care. Our results suggest that informal payments are widely spread in Hungary, especially in in‐patient care. The short run potential of the introduction of the visit fee to reduce informal payments seems to be minor. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survival outcomes in endometrial cancer patients are associated with CXCL12 and estrogen receptor expression
Authors: Felix Ashley S. , Stone Roslyn A. , Chivukula Mamatha , Bowser Robert , Parwani Anil V. , Linkov Faina , Edwards Robert P. , Weissfeld Joel L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCXCL12 is a chemotactic cytokine that has pro‐metastatic functions in several malignancies through interactions with its receptor, CXCR4. CXCL12 is an estrogen‐regulated gene, and notably, estrogen is a major risk factor for endometrial cancer (EC) development. As few studies examine concurrent CXCL12, CXCR4, and estrogen receptor (ER) expression in EC patients, we examined this pathway in 199 EC patients with data from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Cancer Registry. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect CXCR4, CXCL12 and ER protein expression. As CXCR4 expression was positive in all cases, this investigation focused on associations between CXCL12 and ER expression, clinicopathologic factors and survival outcomes using chi‐square tests, Kaplan‐Meier graphs, and log‐rank tests. CXCL12 expression was negative in 63 cases (32%) and positive in 136 cases (68%). Negative CXCL12 expression was borderline significantly associated with metastasis (χ2
p = 0.07). ER expression was negative in 75 cases (38%) and positive in 124 cases (62%). Positive ER expression was significantly associated with low grade and early stage tumors (χ2
p < 0.001). CXCL12 and ER were not significantly associated (χ2
p = 0.11). Positive CXCL12 expression was associated with longer overall survival (OS) (log‐rank p = 0.006) and longer recurrence‐free survival (RFS) (log‐rank p = 0.01) in ER negative patients, but not in ER positive patients. We identified a unique molecular signature associated with better OS and RFS in EC patients. In addition to pathological characteristics of the tumor, expression of CXCL12 and ER may be clinically useful for assigning adjuvant treatment to EC cases.
Seroprevalence of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis C virus in the general population of the Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Dai Seying , Shen Zhangwei , Zha Zhenqiu , Leng Ruixue , Qin Weizi , Wang Chao , Chen Lili , Tian Min , Huang Zhangjun , Chen Guimei , Cen Han , Xue Lei , Wang Juan , Lu Yousheng , Cao Biwu , Ye Dongqing 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study aimed at understanding the HIV prevalence, distribution of HIV risk factors and whether the HIV has spread from high‐risk groups to the general population in the Yanyuan and Muli counties, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China. A multistage probability method was used to select a representative sample of villages in each county, with stratification by risk employed in the sampling for the Yanyuan county. A real‐name registration and confidential method were adopted to collect the information of the participants. Blood specimens were tested for HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis C virus. A total of 4,950 subjects participated in the study. Of the participants aged ≥ 15 years, 0.12% self‐reported being drug users and 40% were injection drug users; 0.46% had multiple sex partners and the condom use rate was only 26.3% during the last sexual intercourse. HIV, syphilis, and HCV prevalence of Yanyuan county were 0.06% (95% CI: 0–0.142), 0.06% (95% CI: 0–0.142), and 0.15% (95% CI: 0.020–0.280), respectively. HCV prevalence of Muli county was 0.06% (95% CI: 0–0.191), and none was found to be HIV or syphilis positive. Therefore, the rate of HIV infection in Yanyuan and Muli counties is at a low level currently. The Yanyuan county HIV infection rate is similar to the average rate in all of China, and the Muli county rate is below China's average. The HIV epidemic has not spread from high‐risk groups to the general population in these two counties. J. Med. Virol. 84:1–5, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antiviral activity of arbidol, a broad‐spectrum drug for use against respiratory viruses, varies according to test conditions
Authors: Brooks Megan J. , Burtseva Elena I. , Ellery Philip J. , Marsh Glenn A. , Lew Andrew M. , Slepushkin Anatoly N. , Crowe Suzanne M. , Tannock Gregory A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe therapeutic activity of arbidol was investigated against representatives of seven different virus families. Its 50% median effective concentration (EC50) was 0.22–11.8 µg/ml (0.41–22 nM). Therapeutic indices of 91 were obtained for type 1 poliovirus and 1.9–8.5 for influenza A and B, human paramyxo‐3, avian infectious bronchitis‐, and Marek's disease viruses. Arbidol was more inhibitory for influenza A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) virus than rimantadine or amantadine (EC50 10 vs. >15 and >31.6 µg/ml); greater inhibition occurred when end‐points were expressed as TCID50s. For respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a reduction in plaque size but not number was observed. However, when the drug was added to infected cultures (≥5 µg/ml), a 3‐log reduction in titer occurred. Arbidol did not inhibit directly influenza A/Aichi/2/68 hemagglutinin (HA) or neuraminidase (NA) activity, but inhibition of fusion between the viral envelope and chicken red blood cells occurred when added at 0.1 µg/ml prior to infection. Arbidol induced changes to viral mRNA synthesis of the PB2, PA, NP, NA, and NS genes in MDCK cultures infected with influenza A/PR/8/34. There was no indirect evidence of enhancement of interferon‐α by arbidol following infection with A/Aichi/2/68. Arbidol neither reduced lung viral titers nor caused a significant reduction of lung consolidation in BALB/c mice after administration by the oral and intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes and intranasal challenge with influenza A/Aichi/2/68. A small reduction in lung consolidation, but not viral titer, occurred after i.p. administration and subsequent challenge with RSV. The results indicate the potential of arbidol as a broad‐spectrum respiratory antiviral drug. J. Med. Virol. 84:170–181, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Micronisation and hot air roasting of cowpeas as pretreatments to control the development of hard‐to‐cook phenomenon
Authors: Ndungu Kimondo E , Emmambux Mohammad N , Minnaar Amanda 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Cowpeas stored under conditions of high temperature and high relative humidity (HTHH) develop the hard‐to‐cook (HTC) defect. Cowpeas with HTC defect require long cooking times, limiting their utilisation. Heat pretreatments are aimed at inactivating the enzymes responsible for HTC defect development. In this study, two heat pretreatments, micronisation and hot air roasting, were evaluated to assess their effectiveness in controlling the HTC defect development in cowpeas after storage under HTHH conditions.RESULTS: Micronisation and hot air roasting as pretreatments reduced the cooking time of cowpeas after storage under HTHH conditions compared with the control. The differences in the effectiveness of HTC defect control between micronisation and roasting were dependent on the degree of phytase inactivation on day 0. Phytase activity was reduced by 45 and 70% by roasting and micronisation pretreatments respectively. Reduced phytase activity was associated with higher phytate and soluble pectin contents in micronised cowpeas than in roasted cowpeas after HTHH storage. This observation is in agreement with the phytase‐phytate‐pectin theory.CONCLUSION: Micronisation was more effective than hot air roasting in controlling the development of HTC defect. This was due to a higher degree of phytase inactivation in micronisation when compared with roasting. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Controlled Release of DNA From Photoresponsive Hyperbranched Polyglycerols with Oligoamine Shells
Authors: Fischer Wiebke , Quadir Mohiuddin A. , Barnard Anna , Smith David K. , Haag Rainer 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwo photo‐responsive core/shell nanoparticles based on hyperbranched polyglycerol (hPG) are synthesized for controlled release of DNA. The shell is composed either of bis‐(3‐aminopropyl)methylamine (AMPA) or pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) derivatives and is attached to the hPG core with a photo‐responsive o‐nitrobenzyl linker. Ethidium bromide displacement assay, gel electrophoresis, DLS, and ζ‐potential measurements are performed with these nanoparticles. Photo‐responsive changes within the carrier scaffold are investigated by irradiating the polymer solution with 350 nm monochromatic light. Fully covered APMA‐shelled carriers are found to complex the DNA at an N/P ratio of 10 with an average size ranging from 54 to 78 nm depending on the degree of functionalization of the core.magnified image
Struktur und Bewegung von Adrenozeptoren
Authors: Hein Lutz 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAdrenozeptoren waren schon immer Vorbilder für die Rezeptorforschung. 1986 wurden sie als erste G‐Protein‐gekoppelte Rezeptoren kloniert, zwei Jahrzehnte später als erste in ihrer räumlichen Struktur aufgeklärt. Neue Methoden erlauben nun erstmalig einen Einblick in die Mechanismen und Kinetik ihrer Aktivierung und öffnen damit die Türen für neue Wege in der Arzneistoffentwicklung.
Organtransplantationen – Schwein gehabt?
Authors: Dingermann Theo , Zündorf Ilse 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDie Lebend‐Nierenspende von Frank‐Walter Steinmeier an seine Frau hatte im Herbst 2010 kurzfristig für Diskussionsstoff gesorgt und wieder einmal das Problem der fehlenden Spenderorgane in das Bewusstsein der Öffentlichkeit gerückt. Eine Alternative zu den menschlichen Organen wäre eine Xenotransplantation von Schweine‐Organen. Ein wichtiger Schritt in Richtung Realisierung wurde kürzlich in PNAS veröffentlicht.
Effect of [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester on the morphology of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) film
Authors: Chou Cheng‐Wei , Chang Yao‐Sheng , Huang Ping‐Tsung 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe change of morphology of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) film as a result of blending with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) was studied using a freeze‐dry method. A porous structure was observed as the P3HT/PCBM solution was freeze‐dried. The pore size decreased as the proportion of PCBM increased in the P3HT/PCBM blended film. Additionally, the freeze‐dried P3HT/PCBM film was more resistant to the formation of PCBM crystals than that prepared by a spin‐coating method during the thermal annealing process. Homogeneous distribution of PCBM in the freeze‐dried P3HT/PCBM film was the main reason for the reduction of large PCBM crystal formation. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Improvement in pulmonary function following antibiotics in infants with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Pittman Jessica E. , Johnson Robin C. , Davis Stephanie D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown the presence of lung disease in even asymptomatic infants with cystic fibrosis (CF). While pulmonary function testing (PFT) is often used to follow progression of lung disease and guide treatment in older children with CF, little data is available on change in infant PFTs in young children with CF.ObjectiveTo determine change in infant PFTs before and after antibiotic therapy for pulmonary exacerbation in infants with CF.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of infants with CF who underwent clinically indicated infant PFTs before and after antibiotic therapy for CF pulmonary exacerbation at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.ResultsPre‐ and post‐antibiotics PFT data was available on 11 infants with CF, with a mean age of 102 weeks at time of first PFT. The majority of infants were symptomatic prior to antibiotics, and showed statistically significant improvement in clinical parameters following treatment. Prior to antibiotics, PFTs showed evidence of substantial obstructive disease (mean z‐scores for FVC, FEV0.5, and FEF25‐75 of −1.81, −3.06, and −4.5, respectively) and air‐trapping/hyperinflation (mean z‐scores for FRCpleth, RV, and RV/TLC of 8.86, 7.1, and 3.31, respectively). Following antibiotics, all of the above parameters showed statistically significant improvement.DiscussionWe have shown a statistically significant improvement in infant PFT measures following antibiotic therapy in a cohort of 11 infants with CF, which paralleled improvement in clinical parameters. Though infant PFTs showed improvement, they remained abnormal in the majority of subjects, with persistent air‐trapping and hyperinflation after antibiotic therapy. Our findings suggest that infant PFTs are sensitive to acute clinical changes in children with CF, and may be a useful tool in managing infants with CF. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:441–446. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Everybody thinking differently”: K–12 is a leverage point
Authors: Fisher Diana M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAs a global community we are faced with many systemic problems. An analytical approach that has proven successful in the study of dynamic feedback systems is systems thinking and system dynamics modeling. If systems thinking and system dynamics have been successfully applied to many systemic problems, why are we not teaching this analytical method to our children? It might be suggested that system dynamics is too sophisticated—much too difficult for children to learn. This suggestion would be wrong. Systems thinking and system dynamics modeling concepts that have been successfully taught for 20 years to students in the U.S.A., ages 5–18 years, are presented, with highlights describing some of the lessons/activities used. Copyright © 2011 System Dynamics Society
Activity of the yeast zinc‐finger transcription factor War1 is lost with alanine mutation of two putative phosphorylation sites in the activation domain
Authors: Mollapour Mehdi , Piper Peter W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae acquires its resistance to carboxylate weak organic acids by inducing a plasma membrane ABC transporter, Pdr12. These acids activate a Zn(II)2Cys6 zinc‐finger transcription factor, War1, which in turn induces the PDR12 gene. Mutation of the four potential sites of serine/threonine phosphorylation within the War1 activation domain revealed that Pdr12 induction was lost with mutations S923A or S930A, but not with the corresponding phosphomimetic mutations S923D or S930D. However, phosphorylation at these two sites has not been detected by mass spectrometry, so it still remains uncertain whether these are true sites of phosphorylation or merely serines whose side‐chain hydroxyls are necessary for the proper structuring of the War1 activation domain. Mutation S923A prevented the sorbate‐induced hyperphosphorylation of War1, while S930A caused War1 to be in a constitutively hyperphosphorylated state, irrespective of weak acid stress. Screening of non‐essential protein kinase mutants of yeast failed to identify a kinase required for Pdr12 induction, or War1 hyperphosphorylation, in response to sorbate treatment. However, the mrk1∆ mutant was identified as having an elevated Pdr12 level in the absence of sorbate stress. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New technique in plasma polarimetry: Evolution equations for angular parameters ‘amplitude ratio–phase difference’ of polarization ellipse
Authors: KRAVTSOV YURY A. , CHRZANOWSKI JANUSZ , BIEG BOHDAN 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNew technique is suggested in plasma polarimetry: Differential equations for angular parameters of polarization ellipse, characterizing the amplitude ratio and the phase difference between orthogonal components of the wave field. Equations for angular variables ‘amplitude ratio–phase difference’ are derived, which allow direct calculation of the parameters of polarization ellipse, omitting solutions for the Stokes vector. The simplest analytical solutions are presented for the pure Faraday and the pure Cotton–Mouton effects. Behavior of angular parameters in the homogeneous and inhomogeneous plasmas is illustrated by numerical modeling in conditions when the Faraday and Cotton–Mouton effects are large enough and comparable in strength.