bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirically valid strategies to improve social and emotional competence of preschool children
Authors: McCabe Paul C. , Altamura Michelle 
Published: March 2011

AbstractResearch over the past few decades has highlighted the importance of social and emotional competence in preschool children on later academic, social, and psychological outcomes. Children who are socially and emotionally competent have increased socialization opportunities with peers, develop more friends, have better relationships with their parents and teachers, and enjoy more academic and social successes. Children who lack social and emotional competence are at risk for reduced socialization opportunities, rejection, withdrawal, behavioral disturbance, and achievement problems. Intervention programs that target social–emotional development in preschool are ideally situated to bolster these skills before the problems exacerbate. In this paper, research on the importance of social and emotional competence in young children is reviewed as it relates to immediate and long‐term outcomes. Assessments of social and emotional development and behavioral adjustment are briefly reviewed, followed by a review of intervention programs with demonstrated empirical efficacy. Although preliminary evidence supports the utility of these intervention programs, additional research on short‐ and long‐term efficacy is recommended, and more programs designed specifically for early childhood are needed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative effect of integrated pest management and farmers' standard pest control practice for managing insect pests on cabbage (Brassica spp.)
Authors: Reddy Gadi VP 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Studies were conducted on experimental cabbage plantings in 2009 and on experimental and commercial plantings in 2010, comparing farmers' current chemical standard pesticide practices with an integrated pest management (IPM) program based on the use of neem (Aza‐Direct) and DiPel (Bacillus thuringiensis). In experimental plantings, the IPM program used six or eight applications of neem and DiPel on a rotational basis. The standard‐practice treatments consisted of six or eight applications of carbaryl and malathion or control treatment.RESULTS: The IPM treatments reduced pest populations and damage, resulting in a better yield than with the standard chemical or control treatment. When IPM treatment included three applications of neem plus three applications of DiPel (on a rotational basis in experimental fields), it again reduced the pest population and damage and produced a better yield than the standard practice. The lower input costs of the IPM program resulted in better economic returns in both trials.CONCLUSIONS: The IPM components neem and DiPel are suitable for use in an IPM program for managing insect pests on cabbage (Brassica spp.). Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Crystal growth and electric properties of lead‐free NBT‐BT at compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary
Authors: Zhang Qinhui , Zhao Xiangyong , Sun Renbing , Luo Haosu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLead‐free piezoelectric materials such as Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐BaTiO3 (NBBT) solid solution have been paid increasing attention from an environmental perspective. In this paper, a series of NBBT single crystals with compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) were grown by the top‐seeded solution growth (TSSG) method. The compositional dependence of crystalline structure was investigated by high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, the dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric (FE) properties of NBBT crystals were also investigated. Excellent piezoelectric properties of NBBT crystals, especially large thickness coupling factors kt, were obtained near the MPB, which are more than or close to the performances of PZT ceramics. Moreover, the performances of NBBT crystals can be further enhanced by doping. Finally, the domain configurations of NBBT96/4 crystal were studied preliminarily. magnified image
Impedance spectroscopy analysis for high‐Tc BaTiO3‐(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3 lead‐free PTCR ceramics
Authors: Leng Senlin , Zheng Liaoying , Li Guorong , Zeng Jiangtao , Yin Qingrui , Xu Zhijun , Chu Ruiqing 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe ac impedance measurement was used to investigate the yttrium (Y)‐doped 0.99BaTiO3‐0.01Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3 (0.99BT‐0.01BNT) lead‐free positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) ceramics in the frequency range from 40 Hz to 2 MHz and in the temperature range from room temperature to 240 °C. The resistivity and capacitance of each electrical component can be obtained from the complex impedance and electric modulus spectroscopy. These obtained data were discussed and compared with directly experimental measured results. In addition, the surface acceptor‐state density and depletion layer thickness were calculated. The grain‐boundary potential barrier of the samples was also estimated according to the Heywang model, the value was between 0.17 and 0.55 eV in the temperature range of 150–240 °C.
Thermal conductivity of Gd2Zr2O7 thin films using thermal‐impedance method
Authors: Kim J. W. , Jeong G. E. , Yang Ho‐Soon 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPyrochlore‐structured rare‐earth materials have been of interest recently as thermal‐barrier coating materials because they show low thermal conductivity due to the oxygen vacancy. This study reports the preparation and thermal characterization of Gd2Zr2O7 films deposited on YSZ and Al2O3 substrates. Since the thermal properties of Gd2Zr2O7 and YSZ are not obviously different, the thermal‐impedance method (the extended 3ω method) is used to study the films in this work. Gd2Zr2O7 thin films of various thicknesses are deposited using a pulsed laser deposition method. The thermal conductivity of Gd2Zr2O7 thin films exhibits a dependence on film thickness. The thickness‐dependent thermal conductivity is ascribed to the interfacial thermal resistance between the Gd2Zr2O7 film and substrates. The interfacial resistance is obtained by fitting the thickness‐dependent thermal conductivity with the effective thermal‐conductivity equation.
Fabrication of ordered silicon nanopillars and nanowires by self‐assembly and metal‐assisted etching
Authors: Boarino Luca , Imbraguglio Dario , Enrico Emanuele , De Leo Natascia , Celegato Federica , Tiberto Paola , Pugno Nicola , Amato Giampiero 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSilicon nanowires (SiNWs) and nanopillars have been obtained by metal‐assisted etching (MAE), starting from silver thin films deposited by thermal evaporation and sputtering on silicon substrates. Different deposition methods and thickness are strongly affecting spatial distribution and shapes of the extruded silicon nanostructures. The paper reports a study of distribution and morphology, as a function of silver thickness, deposition conditions and etching times. The application of polystyrene soft masks obtained by self‐assembly and the sputter‐etching by Ar ions allow the formation of regular indentations in the silver thin films, giving origin to a regular distribution of extruded pillars and wires during the following etching in HF:H2O2:H2O. The aqueous etching and the use of silver still influence the homogeneity of the etching result on large area and introduce a modulation in the etching front, so affecting thickness homogeneity. Work is in progress to replicate these former results with gold and different etching solutions.magnified image
SEM microphoto of ordered SiNWs obtained by MAE and polystyrene nanosphere self‐assembly.
First‐principles study of structural and elastic properties of the tetragonal ferroelectric perovskite Pb(Zr0.50Ti0.50)O3
Authors: Marton P. , Elsässer C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractStructural and elastic properties of Pb(Zr0.50Ti0.50)O3 are determined in the tetragonal ferroelectric phase using first‐principles density functional theory in the local‐density approximation. Three ordered arrangements of PZT are considered and compared with a homogeneously disordered model of PZT treated in the virtual‐crystal approximation. The ground states of some of these model PZT structures are found to be monoclinic; others, including the energetically most stable structure, are tetragonal.
Correlations of control variables in variational data assimilation
Authors: Katz D. , Lawless A. S. , Nichols N. K. , Cullen M. J. P. , Bannister R. N. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractVariational data assimilation systems for numerical weather prediction rely on a transformation of model variables to a set of control variables that are assumed to be uncorrelated. Most implementations of this transformation are based on the assumption that the balanced part of the flow can be represented by the vorticity. However, this assumption is likely to break down in dynamical regimes characterized by low Burger number. It has recently been proposed that a variable transformation based on potential vorticity should lead to control variables that are uncorrelated over a wider range of regimes. In this paper we test the assumption that a transform based on vorticity and one based on potential vorticity produce an uncorrelated set of control variables. Using a shallow‐water model we calculate the correlations between the transformed variables in the different methods. We show that the control variables resulting from a vorticity‐based transformation may retain large correlations in some dynamical regimes, whereas a potential vorticity‐based transformation successfully produces a set of uncorrelated control variables. Calculations of spatial correlations show that the benefit of the potential vorticity transformation is linked to its ability to capture more accurately the balanced component of the flow. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and British Crown Copyright, the Met Office
Contour extraction of glomeruli by using genetic algorithm for edge patching
Authors: Zhang Jun , Hu Jinglu , Zhu Hong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGlomeruli extraction is a vital step in computer‐aided diagnosis systems of kidney disease. Since there are not only glomeruli but also other tissues in an image, when detecting the edges of glomeruli, lot of noises caused by other tissues will be detected at the same time. These noises cause discontinuous edges of glomeruli when some operation, such as labeling, is applied to denoise. According to this characteristic, this article proposes a contour extraction method based on genetic algorithm (GA) for edge patching. First, a Canny operator is applied to obtain the edges of glomeruli with noises. Then labeling and other operations such as dilation, thinning and cross‐point deletion are applied to markedly remove the noises. After the above operations, GA is finally used to search for optimal patching segments to join the discontinuous edges together and a closed curve with highest fitness would be able to form the contour of glomeruli. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs well for the renal biopsy images. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Teaching “trans issues”: An intersectional and systems‐based approach
Authors: Boucher Michel J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe author advocates teaching trans issues from an intersectional systems‐based perspective. This framework helps students to understand that “trans issues” are about more than individual identity, body modification, and a need for tolerance. This perspective can also help to move “trans issues” out of its current position as a “special topic” within the margins of a few select disciplines.
Biomass for energy: a dream come true… or a nightmare?
Authors: Azar Christian 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBioenergy can come to play a significant role in the global energy system and perhaps account for one fifth of global energy supply in 50 years in response to ambitions to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. But bioenergy is complicated. There are both traditional and modern forms. In this article, I will exclusively look at modern forms, i.e., biomass for electricity, transport and heat, and process heat (not traditional forms used for cooking in developing countries). Furthermore, there are both ‘good’ and ‘bad’ kinds, expensive and inexpensive technologies, bioenergy systems that lead to massive carbon dioxide emissions and systems that are carbon neutral, and even ones that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere while delivering energy. There is concern that certain bioenergy forms will, in response to increasing carbon prices, become so attractive that food prices increase significantly, that poor people are evicted from their lands, and that rainforest and other sensitive ecosystem are destroyed in order to pave the way for bioenergy plantations. This article offers a survey of these risks, and the policy instruments intended to deal with the challenges. WIREs Clim Change 2011 2 309–323 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.109This article is categorized under:

The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Decarbonizing Energy and/or Reducing Demand
Does Total Mesorectal Excision Require a Learning Curve? Analysis from the Database of a Single Surgeon’s Experience
Authors: Oh Seung Yeop , Kim Young Bae , Paek Ok Joo , Suh Kwang Wook 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe procedure of total mesorectal excision (TME) is the gold standard in the treatment of rectal cancer. However, quality control of TME is still under debate. The present study was conducted to determine whether TME requires a learning curve to allow the surgeon to grasp the necessary technical expertise.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients with rectal cancer who underwent TME with curative intention between August 1998 and December 2003; 195 consecutive patients were enrolled. From the first patient of the cohort, the first 50 patients were categorized into group 1, the next 50 into group 2, the next 50 into group 3, and the final 45 patients into group 4. Local recurrence rates were compared between the four groups.ResultsNo significant difference in clinicopathological features was observed between the four groups, except for age, operative time, and grade of mesorectum. The local recurrence (LR) rate decreased from 22.3% in the inadequate TME group (G1) to 9.1% in the adequate TME group (G2–4) (p = 0.035). In multivariate analysis, regional lymph node metastasis, mesorectal grade (incomplete or nearly complete), and early period of learning curve were independent predictors of local recurrence.ConclusionsOur results suggest that a learning curve is necessary for the development of technical expertise in the performance of TME for treatment of rectal cancer.
Biotherapeutic target or sink: analysis of the macrophage mannose receptor tissue distribution in murine models of lysosomal storage diseases
Authors: Zhang Xin Sheen , Brondyk William , Lydon John T. , Thurberg Beth L. , Piepenhagen Peter A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are metabolic disorders caused by enzyme deficiencies that lead to lysosomal accumulation of undegraded substrates. Enzyme replacement therapies (ERT) have been developed as treatments for patients with Gaucher, Niemann‐Pick, Fabry, and Pompe diseases. Depending on the disease, the corresponding therapeutic enzyme is designed to be internalized by diseased cells through receptor‐mediated endocytosis via macrophage mannose receptors (MMR) or mannose‐6‐phosphate receptors (M6PR). Enzymes developed to treat Gaucher and Niemann‐Pick diseases are meant to target MMR‐expressing cells, and in the case of Cerezyme [recombinant human β‐glucocerebrosidase (rhβGC)] for treating Gaucher disease, glycans on the enzyme are modified to increase specificity toward this receptor. Due to heterogeneity in glycosylation on enzymes intended to target the M6PR, however, there may also be some unintended targeting to MMR‐expressing cells, which could act as unwanted sinks. Examples include Fabrazyme [recombinant human α‐galactosidase A (rhαGal)] for treating Fabry disease and Myozyme [recombinant human acid α‐glucosidase (rhGAA)] for treating Pompe disease. It is therefore of great interest to better understand the cell type and tissue distribution of MMR in murine LSD models used to evaluate ERT efficacy and mechanism of action. In this study, we generated affinity‐purified polyclonal antibody against murine MMR and used it to carry out a systematic examination of MMR protein localization in murine models of Gaucher, Niemann‐Pick, Fabry, and Pompe diseases. Using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and confocal microscopy, we examined MMR distribution in liver, spleen, lung, kidney, heart, diaphragm, quadriceps, and triceps in these animal models and compared them with MMR distribution in wild‐type mice.
Regularized Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis
Authors: Tenenhaus Arthur , Tenenhaus Michel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRegularized generalized canonical correlation analysis (RGCCA) is a generalization of regularized canonical correlation analysis to three or more sets of variables. It constitutes a general framework for many multi-block data analysis methods. It combines the power of multi-block data analysis methods (maximization of well identified criteria) and the flexibility of PLS path modeling (the researcher decides which blocks are connected and which are not). Searching for a fixed point of the stationary equations related to RGCCA, a new monotonically convergent algorithm, very similar to the PLS algorithm proposed by Herman Wold, is obtained. Finally, a practical example is discussed.
Anticancer chemotherapeutic agents and testicular dysfunction
Authors: Yamaguchi Kohei , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe improvement of the survival rates of various cancer patients has resulted in increased focus on the long‐term complications of treatment. Most anticancer chemotherapeutic agents are gonadotoxic, and sterility is therefore one of the most common complications for cancer survivors. The degree of gonadal dysfunction induced by anticancer chemotherapeutic agents seems to be drug specific and dose related. Following the development of new chemotherapeutic agents that have high benefit‐to‐risk ratios, sufficient sperm can be acquired by collection of ejaculated semen after the treatment in relatively many cases, and assisted reproductive techniques enable conceptions with even severe spermatogenesis dysfunction. However, anticancer chemotherapeutic agents have consistently exhibited the potential to induce permanent azoospermia. Cryopreservation of semen, which is currently the only proven successful option for future fertility preservation in male cancer patients, should certainly be recommended before cancer therapy. However, to date, no established effective methods have shown the capability to protect gonadal function from anticancer treatment in prepubertal cancer patients.
Maternal and adolescent temperament as predictors of maternal affective behavior during mother–adolescent interactions
Authors: Davenport Emily , Yap Marie B.H. , Simmons Julian G. , Sheeber Lisa B. , Allen Nicholas B. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThis study examined maternal and early adolescent temperament dimensions as predictors of maternal emotional behavior during mother–adolescent interactions. The sample comprised 151 early adolescents (aged 11–13) and their mothers (aged 29–57). Adolescent‐ and mother‐reports of adolescent temperament and self‐reports of maternal temperament were collected. Mother–adolescent dyads participated in event‐planning and problem‐solving interactions, which were coded for frequency of aggressive, dysphoric, and positive interpersonal maternal behavior. Analyses indicated that adolescents who are higher in temperamental Negative Affectivity and lower in Effortful Control are generally exposed to more frequent aggressive and less frequent positive interpersonal maternal behavior. Furthermore, mothers lower in Effortful Control engaged in more frequent dysphoric behavior toward their adolescent. Given the associations between parental emotional behavior and the development of adolescent emotion regulation, these findings suggest that temperamental dispositions, particularly of early adolescents, may influence their ongoing socialization of emotion regulation skills, and thus their emotional well being.
Maternal and paternal parenting styles: Unique and combined links to adolescent and early adult delinquency
Authors: Hoeve Machteld , Dubas Judith Semon , Gerris Jan R.M. , van der Laan Peter H. , Smeenk Wilma 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe present study examines the cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between fathers’ and mothers’ parenting styles and male and female delinquency using a sample of 330 Dutch families with a mid or late adolescent son or daughter (ages 14–22), followed across two measurement waves with a 5‐year interval. Parenting styles of fathers and mothers were linked to delinquency. A significant parenting style by sex interaction was found: neglectful parenting was related to higher levels of delinquency in males and permissive parenting was linked to delinquency in females. A long term relationship was found between fathers’ neglectful parenting style and delinquency in males. Furthermore, results revealed that levels of delinquency were the lowest in families with at least one authoritative parent and highest in families with two neglectful parents, indicating that the level of delinquency was dependent on the combination of mother's and father's parenting styles.
Distraction from pain and executive functioning: An experimental investigation of the role of inhibition, task switching and working memory
Authors: Verhoeven Katrien , Van Damme Stefaan , Eccleston Christopher , Van Ryckeghem Dimitri M.L. , Legrain Valéry , Crombez Geert 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAlthough many studies have investigated the effectiveness of distraction as a method of pain control, the cognitive processes by which attentional re‐direction is achieved, remain unclear. In this study the role of executive functioning abilities (inhibition, task switching and working memory) in the effectiveness of distraction is investigated. We hypothesized that the effectiveness of distraction in terms of pain reduction would be larger in participants with better executive functioning abilities. Ninety‐one undergraduate students first performed executive functioning tasks, and subsequently participated in a cold pressor task (CPT). Participants were randomly assigned to (1) a distraction group, in which an attention‐demanding tone‐detection task was performed during the CPT, or (2) a control group, in which no distraction task was performed. Participants in the distraction group reported significantly less pain during the CPT, but the pain experience was not influenced by executive functioning abilities. However, the performance on the distraction task improved with better inhibition abilities, indicating that inhibition abilities might be important in focussing on a task despite the pain.