bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinically available NMDA receptor antagonist, memantine, exhibits relative safety in the developing rat brain
Authors: Manning Simon M. , Boll Griffin , Fitzgerald Erin , Selip Debra B. , Volpe Joseph J. , Jensen Frances E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) has been implicated in preterm brain injury (periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)) and represents a potential therapeutic target. However, the antagonist dizocilpine (MK‐801) has been reported to increase constitutive neuronal apoptosis in the developing rat brain, limiting its clinical use in the developing brain. Memantine is another use‐dependent NMDAR antagonist with shorter binding kinetics and has been demonstrated to be protective in a rat model of PVL, without effects on normal myelination or cortical growth. To further evaluate the safety of memantine in the developing brain, we demonstrate here that, in contrast to MK‐801, memantine at neuroprotective doses does not increase neuronal constitutive apoptosis. In addition, there are no long‐term alterations in the expression of NMDAR subunits, AMPAR subunits, and two markers of synaptogenesis, Synapsin‐1 and PSD95. Evaluating clinically approved drugs in preclinical neonatal animal models of early brain development is an important prerequisite to considering them for clinical trial in preterm infants and early childhood.
Delayed superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysm following distal femoral shaft fracture: A case report
Authors: Lo Sheng‐Pin , Hsieh Chih‐Chiang , Yang Chyun‐Yu , Lin Chii‐Jeng , Chang Chih‐Wei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA 69‐year‐old man presented with an expanding tissue mass over the medial aspect of his left thigh 6 weeks after a fracture of the distal femur shaft. Imaging studies confirmed a rare traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the superficial femoral artery. For the massive hematoma and persistent exsanguinating hemorrhage, staged interventions were taken. First, the pseudoaneurysm was hemodynamically isolated with an endovascular stent‐graft placement. Subsequent surgical exploration and aneurysmectomy were performed later for the evacuation of the formed hematoma and the relief of the resultant compressive symptoms. Because traumatic pseudoaneurysm can have an insidious onset and delayed presentation, surgeons should consider the possible complication even after initial fracture fixation.
Rapid control of a hospital‐wide outbreak caused by extensively drug‐resistant OXA‐72‐producing Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Lin Wei‐Ru , Lu Po‐Liang , Siu Leung‐Kei , Chen Tun‐Chieh , Lin Chun‐Yu , Hung Ching‐Tzu , Chen Yen‐Hsu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractExtensively drug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAb) emerges as an important pathogen of health care–associated infections and outbreaks worldwide. During January and February 2006, there was a hospital‐wide outbreak of XDRAb at a medical center in Taiwan. Without limiting the usage of carbapenems or the closure of any ward, this outbreak was effectively controlled. We investigated the molecular epidemiology and reported the infection control experiences. XDRAb is defined as A baumannii that is resistant to multiple antibiotics but susceptible to tigecycline and polymyxin B. During the outbreak, the clinical and environmental XDRAb isolates were collected and studied by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis, and polymerase chain reaction for Verona integron‐encoded metallo‐beta‐lactamases, imipenemases, and oxacillinases (OXA). Our measures to control the outbreak included private room isolation of patients until there were three successive negative cultures, reinforcement of contact precautions, daily environmental cleansing with room‐dedicated cleaning tools and sodium hypochlorite, and careful auditing of adherence. During the outbreak, 32 clinical XDRAb isolates came from 13 patients who were hospitalized in four intensive care units and three wards. Most (7 of 13, 53.8%) cases were associated with a surgical intensive care unit. The results from pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis study indicated that all isolates were of one genotype. All 32 isolates harbored ISAba1‐blaOxA‐51‐like and blaOxA‐72 genes. After this outbreak till August 2010, further incidences of XDRAb were sporadic cases of XDRAb with different clones and did not reach the level of outbreak. To our knowledge, this is the first reported hospital‐wide outbreak caused by OXA‐72 carbapenemase–producing A baumannii in the Asia‐Pacific region, with successful and sustained control. Although the source or vehicle of the outbreak was not identified, our results suggest that a hospital‐wide outbreak can be successfully managed with strict infection control measures, and that the limitation of the use of carbapenems and closure of wards may not be necessary.
Problem‐based learning: Developing resilience in nursing students
Authors: Chen Jih‐Yuan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA society needs mature and confident nurse practitioners, who are able to think analytically and flexibly, recognize needs for further preparation, and willing to engage in self‐development. Concern is raised regarding how educators will build the capacity of resilient students with a knowledge base and a minimum set of skills in responding to various issues and for engaging in self‐reflection. Drawing on the framework of nursing competencies and global standards for the education of professional nurses, resilient students may contribute through their social competence, problem‐solving ability, sense of purpose, and persistence in the process to achieve the goal of the project. Educators should know how to build the resilient attribute in students by encouraging them to engage in self‐reflection. This article discusses four areas that help students build resilience from project‐based learning of a small group: the impact of problem‐based learning at clinical practice, project/problem‐based learning, resilient nursing student, and developing nursing students' resilience. Self‐assessment to check the promoting skills for teaching in a problem‐based learning program helps the faculty holding the empowerment to encourage or support the students to face the challenge within the small team.
Reappraisal of heart rate variability in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Chen Chien‐Fu , Lai Chiou‐Lian , Lin Hsiu‐Fen , Liou Li‐Min , Lin Ruey‐Tay 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCardiac autonomic dysfunction is a common complication after acute ischemic stroke (IS). Prior investigators have emphasized that infarction of brain stem or hemispheres with insular involvement is related to this dysfunction and may predict poor clinical outcome. From the viewpoint of stroke physicians, however, all stroke patients, particularly large‐artery atherosclerosis (LAA) should be monitored for possible cardiac complications after acute IS. This study aimed to investigate cardiac autonomic impaction in patients with acute IS and to make the comparison between LAA and small‐vessel occlusion (SVO) subtypes. Of the 126 acute IS patients prospectively enrolled in this study, 32 had LAA, 56 had SVO, and 38 had undetermined etiology according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria. Cardiac autonomic function of all patients was assessed by measuring heart rate variability (HRV). The low‐ and high‐frequency components of HRV in all stroke patients were significantly lower than those of control subjects after comparing multivariable models, including additional adjustments for age, gender, and all risk factors. There were no significant differences on HRV between LAA and SVO although post hoc comparisons showed that stroke patients of SVO had increased sympathetic modulation and reduced vagal activity. In conclusion, in acute IS patients, both LAA and SVO are predisposed to have cardiac autonomic dysfunction, manifesting as abnormalities in HRV, whether in hemispheric or brain stem lesions. Stroke patients of SVO are at higher risks of cardiac abnormalities, which might suggest an early cardiac dysfunction because of long‐term hypertension. The HF component of HRV thought to be for vagal control might be a cardinal marker for predicting cardiac autonomic dysfunction after acute IS. Short‐term HRV spectral analysis is a convenient approach for stroke clinicians to assess autonomic function in acute stroke. Long‐term follow‐up for HRV and clinical outcome relative to LAA and SVO stroke subtypes is warranted, particularly when an abnormal HRV is found at admission.
Studies of genomic copy number changes in human cancers reveal signatures of DNA replication stress
Authors: Dereli‐Öz Aygül , Versini Gwennaelle , Halazonetis Thanos D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHuman cancers are characterized by the presence of genomic instability. Recently, two studies have catalogued the presence of a specific class of genomic aberrations, large deletions and insertions, in a few thousand human cancers and reported that most of the prevalent recurrent focal deletions targeted common fragile sites and large genes. In various experimental systems, deletions in common fragile sites and large genes have been linked to the presence of DNA replication stress. Thus, taken together, these results suggest the presence of DNA replication stress in human cancers, consistent with the recently proposed oncogene‐induced DNA damage model for cancer development.
The large earthquake of 27 August 2008 in Lake Baikal and its precursors
Authors: Semenov R.M. , Smekalin O.P. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The large earthquake which shook the southern part of Lake Baikal on August 27, 2008 has received much scientific and public interest. The occurrence of the event in the high-seismicity Baikal rift was not surprising but its origin time was, as usual, unexpected. We discuss the geological conditions of the earthquake, its macroseismic effects, and some data interpreted as its precursors. A special focus is made on preseismic changes in dissolved helium in Lake Baikal. Studying helium patterns in a deep freshwater lake in an active seismic area is a pioneering experience that appears to have no match in the world earthquake prediction practice.
Petrogenesis of high-temperature siliceous melts in volcanic structures of the Altai collisional system of Hercynides (Eastern Kazakhstan)
Authors: Khromykh S.V. , Kuibida M.L. , Kruk N.N. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
We consider the geologic occurrence and PT-conditions of the generation and crystallization of siliceous melts that formed volcanic structures within the Altai collisional system of Hercynides. The data on the geologic occurrence, internal structure, and petrogeochemical age of rocks are presented, as well as results of the thermobarogeochemical studies of inclusions in minerals. The performed investigations showed the presence of siliceous dacitic melts in the studied volcanic structures. These melts were generated in the lower crust (~10 kbar, 1000–1200 ºC) as a result of the partial melting of crustal substrates under the influence of high-temperature mantle melts.
Formation of gold and silver sulfides in the system Ag–Au–S
Authors: Pal’yanova G.A. , Kokh K.A. , Seryotkin Yu.V. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Gold and silver sulfides were synthesized from melts Ag2-χAuχS (χ = 0.1, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6) in the system Ag–Au–S with Au/Ag = 0.1–7.4. Optical microscopy, X-raying, electron probe microanalysis, and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify and analyze the solid products. It has been established that acanthite, solid solutions Ag2-χAuχS (χ &lt; 0.5), and electrum are produced in the Ag-rich binary system Ag2S–Au2S. Petrovskaite, high-fineness gold, and sulfur are produced in the systems with low Ag contents (χ &gt; 1). The systems with an intermediate composition produce petrovskaite, uytenbogaardtite, and solid solutions Ag2-χAuχS (0.5 &lt; χ &lt; 1). The results of experimental studies together with data on the compositions of natural gold and silver sulfides suggest that the wide variations in Au and Ag contents in uytenbogaardtite and petrovskaite from different deposits are, most likely, due to the inhomogeneous structure of mineral grains and the presence of solid solutions Ag2-χAuχS. It is assumed that gold and silver sulfides crystallizing from Au-Ag-containing sulfide melts might be of magmatic genesis. Poorly extractable gold in sulfide ores might be present as microinclusions of Au-Ag sulfides.
Stratigraphic, paleomagnetic, and palynological data on the Paleogene–Neogene continental sediments of southwestern West Siberia
Authors: Gnibidenko Z.N. , Volkova V.S. , Kuz’mina O.B. , Dolya Zh.A. , Khazina I.V. , Levicheva A.V. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The paper presents magnetostratigraphic data on Paleogene–Neogene continental sediments stripped by borehole 8 at the southern periphery of the Om’ basin, in the Ishim–Irtysh interfluve, on the border with northern Kazakhstan. Pollen assemblages and zones have been distinguished, and a paleomagnetic section of borehole 8 has been compiled. The section consists of 11 magnetozones, which are associated with pollen zones and paleocarpological data. The absence of some paleomagnetic and pollen zones from the section suggests that the geological record is incomplete, because the formations in the studied sediments are partly eroded. A dinoflagellate community was first recorded in Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene sediments at the periphery of the Om’ basin. The composition and ecologic characteristics of this community cannot give an unambiguous answer to the question whether seawater could penetrate southwestern Siberia through the Turgai Sea. The composition of pollen and spores from the Lower Oligocene sediments (Novomikhailovka Formation) and from the Chilikty Formation (northern Kazakhstan) is similar and reflects the development of Turgai flora in a huge territory. Later, in the second half of the Miocene, broad-leaved/coniferous forests were replaced by small-leaved ones. In the late Miocene, the latter were replaced by forest steppes with some arid flora.
© 2011, V.S. Sobolev IGM, Siberian Branch of the RAS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
From Institution to ‘Home’: Family Perspectives on a Unique Relocation Process
Authors: Hutchings Darlene , Wells Judith J.L. , O’Brien Kelli , Wells Carla , Alteen Anna Marie , Cake Leslie J. 
Published: May 2011

RÉSUMÉCette étude phénoménologique et herméneutique a donné un aperçu des expériences des membres des familles des résidents qui ont été diagnostiqués d’une démence légère à modérée et qui ont été déménagés de leur institution de soins dans une résidence medicalisée unique. Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été realisées avec 10 membres de la famille, dont six thèmes ont émergé : (a) la communication en cours, (b) de secours et de contentement, (c) des activités significatives, (d) un environnement amélioré, (e) le fonctionnement amélioré, et (f) le personnel engagé. Ces résultats ont des implications importantes pour la prestation des soins et la planification des programmes futurs dans les soins aux résidents ayant des besoins spéciaux. Surtout, nous pouvons conclure que les résultats axés sur le client des soins produit des résultats positifs pour les résidents et les membres des familles.
Internet Use and Psychological Wellness during Late Adulthood
Authors: Erickson Julie , Johnson Genevieve M. 
Published: May 2011

RÉSUMÉUne population vieillissante est mieux servie par des services d’assistance socials, personnels et de la santé qui visent à maintenir et à maximiser l’autonomie personelle. L’Internet offre des opportunités nombreuses pour les individus de tous âges de commniquer, d’accéder aux informations, et de se livrer à des activités récréatives. Un échantillon à base communautaire de 122 adultes de plus de 60 ans ont rempli un questionnaire qui a évalué les trois groupes de caracteristiques : (a) la fréquence et les modes d’utilisation de l’Internet, (b) le bien-être (la solitude, la satisfaction de vie, l’auto-suffisance, les soutiens sociaux, et la dépression) et (c) les données démographiques (l’âge, le revenu, l’éducation). Des corrélations significatives sont apparues entre les trois groupes de variables mesurées. Tout en contrôlant les différences démographiques, l’utilisation d’Internet et de l’autosuffisance demeurent significativement corrélés. Parmi l’échantillon des personnes plus âgées, celles qui ont utilisé l’Internet plus présentaient une plus forte perception de leur efficacité que celles qui ont utilisé l’Internet que rarement ou pas du tout.
A brief review of foodborne zoonoses in China
Authors: SHAO D. , SHI Z. , WEI J. , MA Z. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYFoodborne zoonoses have a major impact on public health in China. Its booming economy and rapid socioeconomic changes have affected food production, food supplies and food consumption habits, resulting in an increase in the number of outbreaks of foodborne zoonoses. Both emerging and re-emerging foodborne zoonoses have attracted increasing national and international attention in recent years. This paper briefly reviews the main foodborne zoonoses that have had a major impact on public health over the last 20 years in China. The major causative microorganisms, including foodborne bacteria, parasites and viruses, are discussed. The prevention and control of foodborne zoonoses are difficult challenges in China. The information provided here may aid the development of effective prevention and control strategies for foodborne zoonoses.
(A23) Mass Casualty Incident and Terrorist Attack Preparedness of German Hospitals and Physicians Compared to Austria, Switzerland, the USA and a Worldwide Collective
Authors: Fischer P. , Nitsche C. , Kabir K. , Wafaisade A. , Müller S. , Rohner M. , Kees T. 
Published: May 2011

ContextBecause of worldwide increase of catastrophes and recent terrorist attacks, hospitals and physicians are devoting increased attention to disaster and mass casualty incident (MCI) preparedness not only outside but also inside hospitals. In case of a terrorist attack physicians have to cope with injuries caused by conventional, biological, chemical, or radioactive weapons.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the current state of preparedness of German hospitals and physicians in case of an MCI or terrorist attack and to compare those results to the preparedness of hospitals and physicians from Austria, Switzerland, the United States of America and a worldwide collective.Materials and MethodsUsing an online questionnaire, we interviewed 1343 physicians in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the US and a worldwide collective. The replies were analyzed statistically with the Shapiro-Walk test and the Mann-Whitney-U test.Resultsin Germany physicians are less prepared than their colleagues worldwide for disasters inside and outside hospitals. 48,4% of German physicians (37% worldwide) did not know their area of responsibility as a physician in case of an “internal” emergency (fire, water pipe burst, power cut), even though 30,2% of German physicians (29,1% worldwide) have already had a real emergency in their hospital. Only 65,3% of physicians in Germany (75,5% worldwide) knew their area of responsibility in case of an MCI; MCI training was given less often in Germany (42,7%) than worldwide (64,3%). Most physicians in every country were unaware of injury patterns and treatment strategies in patients following bombings or nuclear, chemical and biological contamination.ConclusionsHospital Physicians are insufficiently prepared for internal emergencies and MCIs. There is a need for more drills in hospitals. In spite of the recent threat of terrorist attacks, the physicians' emergency training should be modified to accommodate the increased risk of catastrophes and terrorist attacks.
(A41) Perceptions of Military Medical Disaster Training
Authors: Higgins D.M. 
Published: May 2011

BackgoundTo be effective, disaster preparedness training should continually meet the needs of the trainees. Most military medical personnel undergo training focused on practicing in austere environments with little support. However, while located at their home station, disaster response is conducted in a different manner due to staffing and available resources. This survey attempts to identify areas of the military medical disaster response staff are most concerned with in order to better formulate future training for home station as well as contingency operations, ultimately increasing confidence and effectiveness.MethodsAn online survey service was utilized to anonymously poll 106 military medical personnel assigned to a joint Level 1 trauma center in Iraq using 38 forced Likert-scale questions. The training issue of most concern for both arenas is the patient surge. Military-civilian collaboration was a key point regarding the home station setting and supplies/equipment for the deployed setting.ResultsEighty-nine percent of responders rated disaster training as moderate to very important. However, there was a low perception of disaster exercises conducted in the manner of a real-world event. This was attributed to unrealistic participation and training methods. Computer-based training (CBT) was identified as an ineffective method of training; hands-on instruction clearly identified as the preferred method. Participants rated considerable confidence in Level C personal protective equipment, and the majority surveyed would report for duty despite exposure risk.ConclusionCurrent training methods may not optimally produce disaster response effectiveness. Management of the patient surge was a repeating training concern for both home and deployed settings. Future training efforts should focus on military-civilian collaboration for the home station, and management of the patient surge for both arenas.
(A96) Process Improvement in Disaster Relief: Improvement of Disaster Resource Utilization through Systematic Organization
Authors: Bloem C. , Gore R. , Arquilla B. , Naik T. , Schechter J. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionUpon arrival of the SUNY Downstate Medical Center team for their disaster relief mission in Port au Prince, Haiti, it was observed that obstacles to patient care were directly related to difficulty in locating supplies and medications in a timely manner. In addition, staffing schedules had not been correlated to patient flow patterns.MethodsA survey was conducted at L'Hôpital de l'Université d'Etat d'Haïti (HUEH) in Port au Prince, Haiti by Emergency physicians and nurses from SUNY Downstate Medical Center. The following variables were obtained to assess existing resources: number and types of providers available, provider staffing schedules, medication/supply inventories and management systems. Basic ED operation and supply system flow maps were created.ResultsThe assessment revealed a large volume of patients presenting in the early morning. Night shifts were inconsistently staffed with ED physicians. Although medications and supplies were reported to be available on-site, they were not tracked, inventoried, or centrally managed. As a result, this increased time to treatment and practitioner fatigue. Process improvements included: (1) Institution of swing and night shifts accommodated peak patient volumes, decreased waiting times, provided care for critical patients during off-peak hours, and decreased physician fatigue. (2) Identification and labeling of existing medications/supplies facilitated more accurate management of inventories and decreased time to treatment and disposition.ConclusionProcess improvement through systematic analysis led to better disaster resource utilization in this tent hospital.