bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐emptive ibuprofen arginate in third molar surgery: a double‐blind randomized controlled crossover clinical trial
Authors: Lau SL , Chow RLK , Yeung RWK , Samman N 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground:  This study evaluated the effectiveness of 400 mg ibuprofen arginate either as a pre‐emptive (PRE group) or postoperative (POST group) analgesic using a common dental pain model.Methods:  A randomized double‐blind crossover clinical trial involving a series of consecutive patients admitted for bilateral third molar surgery. Results were analysed according to the self‐reported pain score and the pattern of rescue medication taken.Results:  The mean pain score ranged from 0.73 to 1.60 for the PRE group and 0.47 to 1.41 for the POST group among 30 included subjects. The mean time point when first rescue medication taken was 7.3 hours and 8.3 hours postoperative, respectively. Nine patients (30 per cent) in the PRE group and 12 patients (40 per cent) in the POST group took no rescue medication. There was no statistically significant difference for all parameters between groups, while a majority (53 per cent) found the drug “good” to “excellent” in both groups.Conclusions:  Ibuprofen arginate may be considered effective in reducing surgically induced moderate to severe pain when administered either pre‐operatively or postoperatively due to the reported relatively low pain score, less consumption of rescue medication, delayed onset of pain, good number of pain‐free patients and a high rating in the global assessment score.
Outcomes of dental implants placed in a surgical training programme
Authors: Smith LP , Ng M , Grubor D , Chandu A 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground:  This study evaluates surgical outcomes and survival rates of implants placed in a multidisciplinary implant teaching programme.Methods:  A retrospective review of all implant surgery performed over a 6‐year period by accredited oral and maxillofacial surgery trainees at the Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne was undertaken. Patients were reviewed for a minimum of 6 months post‐implant placement. Implant survival was defined as those implants which were not removed, were clinically integrated as assessed by torque testing and in an appropriate position to receive a subsequent prosthesis. Kaplan‐Meier analysis was used to assess overall survival and univariate factors affecting survival. Multivariate analysis used Cox proportional hazards models.Results:  Over 6 years, 127 patients were treated. Follow‐up data were present for 105 patients with 236 implants placed. Survival of implants at 1 and 5 years was 94 per cent and 92.8 per cent, respectively. The only univariate and multivariate factor which affected implant survival was perioperative bone grafting. All failed implants were single stage. Other factors such as patient age, smoking status, implant site, anaesthetic type, immediate or delayed placement, implant length and diameter, and medical comorbidities did not significantly affect implant survival.Conclusions:  A satisfactory implant survival rate was found in a tertiary teaching centre. Perioperative bone grafting significantly increased the risk of implant failure.
The Caries Management System: an evidence‐based preventive strategy for dental practitioners. Application for children and adolescents
Authors: Evans RW , Dennison PJ 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe application of the Caries Management System (CMS) for children and adolescents follows the rationale underlying the application of the CMS for adults. Briefly, the CMS is a 10‐step, risk‐based, non‐invasive strategy to arrest and remineralize early lesions and to enhance caries primary prevention. The method for assessing each patient’s diet, plaque distribution, and signs of caries as shown in bitewing radiograph images, follows the protocols for adults. Protocols presented here relating to caries risk assessment, lesion diagnosis and management, and patient recall are specific for children and adolescents.Fundamentally, non‐cavitated lesions in primary and especially permanent teeth are managed: (1) professionally by preservative non‐invasive means, including fluoride varnish and sealants; and (2) daily home toothbrushing using fluoride toothpaste where the aim is to arrest lesion progression so that restorations will not be necessary.Monitoring of lesions through the review of clinical signs and bitewing images is the means for assessing caries activity. For those who fail to respond to advice to reduce cariogenic exposures and continue to develop new lesions at a steady or increased rate, a more intensified programme is required; their higher risk status is confirmed and treatment follows the corresponding protocol.
An Improved Stiffness Model for Bolted Joints
Authors: Nassar Sayed A. , Abboud Antoine 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
An improved stiffness model is proposed for bolted joints made of similar and dissimilar plates. A novel approach is used to obtain an expression for the effective area used for determining the joint stiffness. More accurate estimate of the joint stiffness provides a more reliable prediction of the joint behavior both during its initial assembly, as well as under subsequently applied tensile loads in service. The effect of the grip length-to-diameter ratio, joint sizes, underhead contact radii ratio, hole clearance, and plate material/thickness ratio are investigated. Experimental data are used for determining the envelope angle α in the proposed analytical model. Finite element modeling is used for evaluating the accuracy of the proposed stiffness model.
On Estimating the Reliability of Multiple Failure Region Problems Using Approximate Metamodels
Authors: Kuczera Ramon C. , Mourelatos Zissimos P. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
In a complex system it is desirable to reduce the number of expensive function evaluations required for an accurate estimation of the probability of failure. An efficient reliability estimation method is presented for engineering systems with multiple failure regions and potentially multiple most probable points. The method can handle implicit nonlinear limit state functions with correlated or noncorrelated random variables, which can be described by any probabilistic distribution. It uses a combination of approximate or “accurate-on-demand,” global and local metamodels, which serve as indicators to determine the failure and safe regions. Sample points close to limit states define transition regions between safe and failure domains. A clustering technique identifies all transition regions, which can be, in general, disjoint, and local metamodels of the actual limit states are generated for each transition region. Importance sampling generates sample points only in the identified transition and failure regions, thus, allowing the method to focus on the areas near the failure region and not expend computational effort on the sample points in the safe domain. A robust maximin “space-filling” sampling technique is used to construct the metamodels. Two numerical examples highlight the accuracy and efficiency of the method.
Coronary centerline extraction from CT coronary angiography images using a minimum cost path approach
Authors: Metz C. T. , Schaap M. , Weustink A. C. , Mollet N. R. , van Walsum T. , Niessen W. J. 
Published: November 2009

Purpose:The application and large‐scale evaluation of minimum cost path approaches for coronary centerline extraction from computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) data and the development and evaluation of a novel method to reduce the user‐interaction time.Methods:A semiautomatic method based on a minimum cost path approach is evaluated for two different cost functions. The first cost function is based on a frequently used vesselness measure and intensity information, and the second is a recently proposed cost function based on region statistics. User interaction is minimized to one or two mouse clicks distally in the coronary artery. The starting point for the minimum cost path search is automatically determined using a newly developed method that finds a point in the center of the aorta in one of the axial slices. This step ensures that all computationally expensive parts of the algorithm can be precomputed.Results:The performance of the aorta localization procedure was demonstrated by a success rate of 100% in 75 images. The success rate and accuracy of centerline extraction was quantitatively evaluated on 48 coronary arteries in 12 images by comparing extracted centerlines with a manually annotated reference standard. The method was able to extract 88% and 47% of the vessel centerlines correctly using the vesselness/intensity and region statistics cost function, respectively. For only the proximal part of the vessels these values were 97% and 86%, respectively. Accuracy of centerline extraction, defined as the average distance from correctly automatically extracted parts of the centerline to the reference standard, was 0.64 mm for the vesselness/intensity and 0.51 mm for the region statistics cost function. The interobserver variability was 99% for the success rate measure and 0.42 mm for the accuracy measure. Qualitative evaluation using the best performing cost function resulted in successful centerline extraction for 233 out of the 252 coronaries (92%) in 63 additional CTCA images.Conclusions:The presented results, in combination with minimal user interaction and low computation time, show that minimum cost path approaches can effectively be applied as a preprocessing step for subsequent analysis in clinical practice and biomedical research.
Correcting magnetic resonance ‐space data for in‐plane motion using an optical position tracking system
Authors: Marxen M. , Marmurek J. , Baker N. , Graham S. J. 
Published: November 2009

Purpose: Motion is a major confound of image quality in MRI. A method of retrospectively correcting the effects of rotations and translations on the acquired ‐space data is presented.Methods:In two phantom experiments of well‐controlled translation and rotation, two MRI‐compatible infrared cameras recorded motion data that were used subsequently to correct the position and phase of recorded‐space samples. Motion data can be acquired with a temporal resolution of 60 Hz and spatial accuracy of 0.1 mm for translations and 0.2° for rotations.Results:Significant improvements of image quality are demonstrated.Conclusions:The key advantages of the technique are that it is easy to implement, does not interfere with or complicate MR data acquisition, and is capable of correcting distortions within a single slice. Therefore, the technique has the potential to improve upon approaches that rely on the registration or realignment of successive imaging slices.
Registration of prone and supine CT colonography scans using correlation optimized warping and canonical correlation analysis
Authors: Wang Shijun , Yao Jianhua , Liu Jiamin , Petrick Nicholas , Van Uitert Robert L. , Periaswamy Senthil , Summers Ronald M. 
Published: November 2009

Purpose:In computed tomographic colonography (CTC), a patient will be scanned twice—Once supine and once prone—to improve the sensitivity for polyp detection. To assist radiologists in CTC reading, in this paper we propose an automated method for colon registration from supine and prone CTC scans.Methods:We propose a new colon centerline registration method for prone and supine CTC scans using correlation optimized warping (COW) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) based on the anatomical structure of the colon. Four anatomical salient points on the colon are first automatically distinguished. Then correlation optimized warping is applied to the segments defined by the anatomical landmarks to improve the global registration based on local correlation of segments. The COW method was modified by embedding canonical correlation analysis to allow multiple features along the colon centerline to be used in our implementation.Results:We tested the COW algorithm on a CTC data set of 39 patients with 39 polyps (19 training and 20 test cases) to verify the effectiveness of the proposed COW registration method. Experimental results on the test set show that the COW method significantly reduces the average estimation error in a polyp location between supine and prone scans by 67.6%, from to , compared to the normalized distance along the colon centerline algorithm .Conclusions:The proposed COW algorithm is more accurate for the colon centerline registration compared to the normalized distance along the colon centerline method and the dynamic time warping method. Comparison results showed that the feature combination of‐coordinate and curvature achieved lowest registration error compared to the other feature combinations used by COW. The proposed method is tolerant to centerline errors because anatomical landmarks help prevent the propagation of errors across the entire colon centerline.
Optimizing non‐Pb radiation shielding materials using bilayers
Authors: McCaffrey J. P. , Mainegra‐Hing E. , Shen H. 
Published: November 2009

Purpose:The objective of this study was to demonstrate that the weight of non‐Pb radiation shielding materials can be minimized by structuring the material as a bilayer composed of different metal‐powder‐embedded elastomer layers.Methods:Measurements and Monte Carlo (MC) calculations were performed to study the attenuation properties of several non‐Pb metal bilayers over the x‐ray energy range 30–150 keV. Metals for the layers were chosen on the basis of low cost, nontoxicity, and complementary photoelectric absorption characteristics. The EGSnrc user code cavity.cpp was used to calculate the resultant x‐ray fluence spectra after attenuation by these metal layers. Air kerma attenuation was measured using commercially manufactured metal/elastomer test layers. These layers were irradiated using the primary standard calibration beams at the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, Canada utilizing the six x‐ray beam qualities recommended in the German Standard DIN 6857. Both the measurements and the calculations were designed to approximate surface irradiation as well as penetrating radiation at 10 mm depth in soft tissue. The MC modeling point and the position of the measurement detector for surface irradiation were both directly against the downstream face of the attenuating material, as recommended in DIN 6857.Results:The low‐Z upstream/high‐Z downstream ordering of the metal bilayers provided substantially more attenuation than the reverse order. Optimal percentages of each metal in each bilayer were determined for each x‐ray radiation beam quality.Conclusions:Depending on the x‐ray quality, appropriate choices of two complementary metal‐embedded elastomer layers can decrease the weight of radiation shielding garments by up to 25% compared to Pb‐based elastomer garments while providing equivalent attenuation.
Influence of volumes of prostate, rectum, and bladder on treatment planning CT on interfraction prostate shifts during ultrasound image‐guided IMRTa)
Authors: Reddy Nandanuri M. S. , Nori Dattatreyudu , Sartin William , Maiorano Samuel , Modena Jennifer , Mazur Andrej , Osian Adrian , Sood Brijmohan , Ravi Akkamma , Sampath Seshadri , Lange Christopher S. 
Published: November 2009

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between prostate, bladder, and rectum volumes on treatment planning CT day and prostate shifts in the directions on treatment days.Methods:Prostate, seminal vesicles, bladder, and rectum were contoured on CT images obtained in supine position. Intensity modulated radiation therapy plans was prepared. Contours were exported to BAT‐ultrasound imaging system. Patients were positioned on the couch using skin marks. An ultrasound probe was used to obtain ultrasound images of prostate, bladder, and rectum, which were aligned with CT images. Couch shifts in the directions as recommended by BAT system were made and recorded. 4698 couch shifts for 42 patients were analyzed to study the correlations between interfraction prostate shifts vs bladder, rectum, and prostate volumes on planning CT.Results:Mean and range of volumes (cc): Bladder: 179 (42–582), rectum: 108 (28–223), and prostate: 55 (21–154). Mean systematic prostate shifts were (cm, ±SD) right and left lateral: (−0.361–0.251), anterior and posterior: (−0.466–0.669), and superior and inferior: (−0.342–0.633). Bladder volume was not correlated with lateral, anterior/posterior, and superior/inferior prostate shifts . Rectal volume was correlated with anterior/posterior but not with lateral and superior/inferior prostate shifts . The smaller the rectal volume or cross sectional area, the larger was the prostate shift anteriorly and vice versa . Prostate volume was correlated with superior/inferior but not with lateral and anterior/posterior prostate shifts . The smaller the prostate volume, the larger was prostate shift superiorly and vice versa .Conclusions:Prostate and rectal volumes, but not bladder volumes, on treatment planning CT influenced prostate position on treatment fractions. Daily image‐guided adoptive radiotherapy would be required for patients with distended or empty rectum on planning CT to reduce rectal toxicity in the case of empty rectum and to minimize geometric miss of prostate.
Lack of Bactericidal Antagonism or SynergismIn Vitrobetween Oxacillin and Vancomycin against Methicillin-Susceptible Strains ofStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Joukhadar Christian , Pillai Satish , Wennersten Christine , Moellering Robert C. , Eliopoulos George M. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTWith the current high prevalence of infection caused by methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains but in light of the general belief that β-lactam antibiotics are more effective than vancomycin against infections caused by methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA) isolates, clinicians may utilize antistaphylococcal penicillins in combination with vancomycin for the empirical treatment ofS. aureusinfections. Vancomycin is considered to kill MSSA more slowly than oxacillin. Thus, we sought to evaluate the interaction of the combination of oxacillin and vancomycin on bacterial killingin vitro. Ten clinical isolates of MSSA isolated in the year 2000 were investigated. The killing observed at 24 h by vancomycin at 20 μg/ml, oxacillin at 16 μg/ml, or the combination did not differ (approximately 2.5 to 3.5 log10CFU/ml). In a separate experiment, we assessed bacterial killing in a dynamic model simulating the free plasma concentration profiles expected following the administration of a combination of vancomycin at 1 g every 12 h and oxacillin at 1 g every 6 h. The time-kill profiles of these regimens againstS. aureusATCC 29213 were comparable to those observed in the fixed-concentration experiments. Using these methods, we found no evidence that vancomycin antagonized the bactericidal effect of oxacillin or that there was any benefit from use of the combination.
Voriconazole Pharmacokinetics in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Johnson H. J. , Han Kelong , Capitano B. , Blisard D. , Husain S. , Linden P. K. , Marcos A. , Kwak E. J. , Potoski B. , Paterson D. L. , Romkes M. , Venkataramanan R. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole and the potential correlations between pharmacokinetic parameters and patient variables in liver transplant patients on a fixed-dose prophylactic regimen. Multiple blood samples were collected within one dosing interval from 15 patients who were initiated on a prophylactic regimen of voriconazole at 200 mg enterally (tablets) twice daily starting immediately posttransplant. Voriconazole plasma concentrations were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters. The mean apparent systemic clearance over bioavailability (CL/
F
), apparent steady-state volume of distribution over bioavailability (
V
ss
/
F
), and half-life (
t
1/2
) were 5.8 ± 5.5 liters/h, 94.5 ± 54.9 liters, and 15.7 ± 7.0 h, respectively. There was a good correlation between the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity (AUC
0-∞
) and trough voriconazole plasma concentrations.
t
1/2
, maximum drug concentration in plasma (
C
max
), trough level, AUC
0-∞
, area under the first moment of the concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity (AUMC
0-∞
), and mean residence time from 0 h to infinity (MRT
0-∞
) were significantly correlated with postoperative time.
t
1/2
, λ, AUC
0-∞
, and CL/
F
were significantly correlated with indices of liver function (aspartate transaminase [AST], total bilirubin, and international normalized ratio [INR]). The
C
max
, last concentration in plasma at 12 h (
C
last
), AUMC
0-∞
, and MRT
0-∞
were significantly lower in the presence of deficient
CYP2C19*2
alleles. Donor characteristics had no significant correlation with any of the pharmacokinetic parameters estimated. A fixed dosing regimen of voriconazole results in a highly variable exposure of voriconazole in liver transplant patients. Given that trough voriconazole concentration is a good measure of drug exposure (AUC), the voriconazole dose can be individualized based on trough concentration measurements in liver transplant patients.
Antimicrobial Peptide hLF1-11 Directs Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Driven Monocyte Differentiation toward Macrophages with Enhanced Recognition and Clearance of Pathogens
Authors: van der Does Anne M. , Bogaards Sylvia J. P. , Ravensbergen Bep , Beekhuizen Henry , van Dissel Jaap T. , Nibbering Peter H. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT

The human lactoferrin-derived peptide hLF1-11 displays antimicrobial activities
in vitro
and is effective against infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fluconazole-resistant
Candida albicans
in animals. However, the mechanisms underlying these activities remain largely unclear. Since hLF1-11 is ineffective
in vitro
at physiological salt concentrations, we suggested modulation of the immune system as an additional mechanism of action of the peptide. We investigated whether hLF1-11 affects human monocyte-macrophage differentiation and determined the antimicrobial activities of the resulting macrophages. Monocytes were cultured for 7 days with GM-CSF in the presence of hLF1-11, control peptide, or saline for various intervals. At day 6, the cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), or heat-killed
C. albicans
for 24 h. Thereafter, the levels of cytokines in the culture supernatants, the expression of pathogen recognition receptors, and the antimicrobial activities of these macrophages were determined. The results showed that a short exposure of monocytes to hLF1-11 during GM-CSF-driven differentiation is sufficient to direct differentiation of monocytes toward a macrophage subset characterized by both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production and increased responsiveness to microbial structures. Moreover, these macrophages are highly effective against
C. albicans
and
Staphylococcus aureus
. In conclusion, hLF1-11 directs GM-CSF-driven differentiation of monocytes toward macrophages with enhanced effector functions.
Mode of Action of Van-M-02, a Novel Glycopeptide Inhibitor of Peptidoglycan Synthesis, in Vancomycin-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Miura Kenji , Yamashiro Hidenori , Uotani Kouichi , Kojima Satoshi , Yutsudo Takashi , Lu Jun , Yoshida Osamu , Yamano Yoshinori , Maki Hideki , Arimoto Hirokazu 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT

Van-M-02, a novel glycopeptide, was revealed to exert potent activities against Gram-positive bacteria, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and vancomycin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(VRSA). A crude assay system was then used to study the mode of action of Van-M-02 as a peptidoglycan synthesis model of both vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant strains. The results suggested that Van-M-02 inhibits the synthesis of lipid intermediates irrespective of their termini. This inhibitory activity may contribute to the anti-VRE and anti-VRSA activities observed.