bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biotech 101: An Educational Outreach Program in Genetics and Biotechnology
Authors: East Kelly M. , Hott Adam M. , Callanan Nancy P. , Lamb Neil E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRecent advances in research and biotechnology are making genetics and genomics increasingly relevant to the lives and health of the general public. For the public to make informed healthcare and public policy decisions relating to genetic information, there is a need for increased genetic literacy. Biotech 101 is a free, short‐course for the local community introducing participants to topics in genetics, genomics, and biotechnology, created at the HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Biotech 101 in increasing the genetic literacy of program participants through pre‐and‐post surveys. Genetic literacy was measured through increases in self‐perceived knowledge for each content area covered through the course and the self‐reported impact the course had on various aspects of participants’ lives. Three hundred ninety‐two individuals attended Biotech 101 during the first three course offerings. Participants reported a significant increase in self‐perceived knowledge for each content area (p < 0.01). Participants also reported the program had high levels of impact on their lives and decision‐making, a high likelihood for continued self‐learning, and overwhelming satisfaction with course content and logistics. Biotech 101 is an effective mechanism for impacting participants’ lives and genetic literacy and serves as a model for other similar programs, adding to the currently limited evidence base regarding public educational strategies in genetics and biotechnology.
Is water-based exercise training sufficient to improve physical fitness in the elderly?
Authors: Bergamin Marco , Zanuso Silvano , Alvar Brent A. , Ermolao Andrea , Zaccaria Marco 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The research on the effects of aquatic exercise is a field that has grown rapidly in the last decade. The majority of the available literature is focused on the benefits of water-based exercise programs for people with rheumatologic disease and back pain; however, there is a lack of evidence reporting the effects of exercise performed in an aquatic medium for healthy elderly adults. The purpose of this study was to critically review the existing evidence of a potential relationship between water-based exercise and improvement of physical fitness in healthy elderly subjects. A systematic database search for manuscripts and a quality control were performed. A system of rating was defined. Aerobic, muscular strength, flexibility and body composition outcomes were then extracted. Nine studies were analyzed after the screening for eligibility: five randomized controlled trials (RCT), three randomized uncontrolled trials (UT) and one controlled trial (CT). Four RCT and two randomized UT were classified as high quality studies. One RCT, one randomized UT and one CT were considered low quality studies. Strong evidence supports the use of water-based exercise for the improvement of aerobic capacity and strength. Moderate evidence highlights the benefits on flexibility, and inconclusive evidence was found supporting the modification of body composition.
In vivo digestion of infant formula in piglets: protein digestion kinetics and release of bioactive peptides
Authors: Bouzerzour Karima , Morgan François , Cuinet Isabelle , Bonhomme Cécile , Jardin Julien , Le Huërou-Luron Isabelle , Dupont Didier 
Published: March 2012

The first months of life correspond to a key period in human life where dramatic physiological changes (establishment of microbiota, development of the immune system, etc.) occur. In order to better control these changes it is necessary to understand the behaviour of food in the gastrointestinal tract of the newborn. Infant formula is the only food for the newborn when breast-feeding is impossible. The kinetics of digestion of milk proteins and the nature of the peptides liberated in the small intestine throughout infant formula digestion have never been extensively investigated so far and were therefore studied using the piglet as a model of the newborn child. Piglets were fed infant formula by an automatic delivery system during 28 d, and slaughtered 30, 90 and 210 min after the last meal. Contents of stomach, proximal and median jejunum and ileum were collected and characterised. The extent of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), α-lactalbumin (α-la) and casein proteolysis was monitored by inhibition ELISA, SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting and MS. At 30 min after the last meal, caseins were shown to be extensively hydrolysed in the stomach. Nevertheless, peptides originating mainly from β-caseins (from 509 to 2510 Da) were identified in the jejunum and ileum of the piglets. β-Lg partially resisted gastric digestion but completely disappeared in the stomach after 210 min. α-La had a similar behaviour to that of β-lg. Two large peptides (4276 and 2674 Da) generated from β-lg were present in the ileum after 30 and 210 min and only one (2674 Da) after 90 min.
Management of intractable epistaxis: endoscopy or nasal packing?
Authors: Liu Y , Zheng C , Wei W , Liu Q 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectives:To investigate common origins of intractable epistaxis, and the efficacy of endoscopic management.Methods:Retrospective study of 265 patients with uncontrolled idiopathic epistaxis presenting between July 2008 and July 2009. Patients underwent endoscopic examination and subsequent radiofrequency electrocautery, selective packing or observation.Results:Nasal endoscopy indicated that the commonest bleeding sources were the superior nasal septum at the olfactory cleft (39.2 per cent), the inferior meatus (27.5 per cent), the sphenoethmoid recess (6.0 per cent), the middle meatus (5.3 per cent) and other locations (3.4 per cent). Bleeding was successfully controlled with nasal endoscopy plus radiofrequency electrocautery or selective packing. In 49 (18.5 per cent) patients, no abnormality was identified; these patients received observation only, and no further bleeding occurred. None of the patients had serious complications or recurrent epistaxis during the three-month follow-up period.Conclusion:Thorough endoscopic examination combined with radiofrequency electrocautery should be used as first-line therapy for intractable epistaxis.
The Near Threatened Eurasian otter Lutra lutra in Morocco: no sign of recovery
Authors: Delibes Miguel , Calzada Javier , Clavero Miguel , Fernández Néstor , Gutiérrez-Expósito Carlos , Revilla Eloy , Román Jacinto 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAlthough the Near Threatened Eurasian otter Lutra lutra has been recovering in Europe since the 1980s nothing is known about population trends of the species in northern Africa. Ninety sites was searched for signs of otters in northern and western Morocco in 1983 and we repeated this survey in 2011. At each site we searched for otter spraints (faeces) or clear footprints along a maximum of 600 m of river bank, ending the search when the first sign was found. Overall results were strikingly similar in 1983 and 2011, with 36 positive sites and the same general distribution pattern of the species. Healthy otter populations appear to remain in the foothills of the Middle and High Atlas but the trend of populations disappearing from the relatively flat Atlantic slope has increased. The results are in clear contrast with the recovery of otter populations in Europe, probably because of differences in the implementation of environmental policies, especially regarding water pollution.
Tasman leakage in a fine‐resolution ocean model
Authors: van Sebille Erik , England Matthew H. , Zika Jan D. , Sloyan Bernadette M. 
Published: March 2012

Tasman leakage, the westward flow of thermocline waters south of Australia from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean, is one of the lesser‐studied of the inter‐ocean exchanges. Here, some of the properties of the Tasman leakage are inferred from Lagrangian particles integrated using the three‐dimensional velocity fields of the 1/10 degree resolution OFES model. The mean Tasman leakage in this model is 4.2 Sv, with a standard deviation of 4.3 Sv. The heat flux associated with this leakage lies in the range 0.08–0.18 PW. There is large variability in the Tasman leakage on both sub‐weekly and inter‐annual scales, but no trend over the 1983–1997 period. Despite the large weekly variability, with peaks of more than 20 Sv, it appears that less than half of the Tasman leakage is carried within eddies.
Effect of nutritional intervention on body composition and performance in elite athletes
Authors: Garthe Ina , Raastad Truls , Refsnes Per Egil , Sundgot‐Borgen Jorunn 
Published: March 2012

AbstractStrength training and positive energy intake are the most important factors related to lean body mass (LBM) gain. Most studies investigating weight‐gain interventions are based recreationally active subjects and less is known about optimal weight‐gain protocols in elite athletes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutritional guidance in an 8‐ to 12‐week weight‐gain period in elite athletes. Thirty‐nine elite athletes were randomised to either a ‘nutritional counseling group’ (NCG, n=21, 19.1±2.9 years, 70.9±8.9 kg) or ‘ad libitum group’ (ALG, n=18, 19.6±2.7 years, 75.0±5.9 kg). All athletes continued their sport‐specific training which included an additional four strength‐training sessions per week. NCG followed a meal plan providing a positive energy balance, while the ALG athletes had an ad libitum energy intake. Body weight (BW), body composition, one repetition maximum (1RM), 40 m sprint and counter movement jump (CMJ) were measured pre‐ and post‐intervention. Energy intake was higher in the NCG than in the ALG (3585±601 vs. 2964±884 kcal) and consequently BW increased more in NCG than in ALG (3.9±0.6% vs. 1.5±0.4%). Fat mass (FM) increased more in NCG than in ALG (15±4 vs. 3±3%), but gain in LBM was not different between groups. All 1RM results improved in both groups (6–12%), whereas 40 m sprint and CMJ remained unchanged, except for a significant decrease in 40 m sprint for the athletes in NCG. Athletes with nutritional guidance increased BW more, however, excess energy intake in a weight‐gain protocol should be considered carefully due to undesirable increases in body fat.
High-quality sequence clustering guided by network topology and multiple alignment likelihood
Authors: Miele Vincent , Penel Simon , Daubin Vincent , Picard Franck , Kahn Daniel , Duret Laurent 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Proteins can be naturally classified into families of homologous sequences that derive from a common ancestor. The comparison of homologous sequences and the analysis of their phylogenetic relationships provide useful information regarding the function and evolution of genes. One important difficulty of clustering methods is to distinguish highly divergent homologous sequences from sequences that only share partial homology due to evolution by protein domain rearrangements. Existing clustering methods require parameters that have to be set a priori. Given the variability in the evolution pattern among proteins, these parameters cannot be optimal for all gene families.
Results: We propose a strategy that aims at clustering sequences homologous over their entire length, and that takes into account the pattern of substitution specific to each gene family. Sequences are first all compared with each other and clustered into pre-families, based on pairwise similarity criteria, with permissive parameters to optimize sensitivity. Pre-families are then divided into homogeneous clusters, based on the topology of the similarity network. Finally, clusters are progressively merged into families, for which we compute multiple alignments, and we use a model selection technique to find the optimal tradeoff between the number of families and multiple alignment likelihood. To evaluate this method, called HiFiX, we analyzed simulated sequences and manually curated datasets. These tests showed that HiFiX is the only method robust to both sequence divergence and domain rearrangements. HiFiX is fast enough to be used on very large datasets.
Availability and implementation: The Python software HiFiX is freely available at http://lbbe.univ-lyon1.fr/hifix
Contact: vincent.miele@univ-lyon1.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Characteristics of Intestinal Habits in Children Younger Than 4 Years
Authors: Mota Denise M. , Barros Aluisio J.D. , Santos Iná , Matijasevich Alícia 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence of childhood constipation, stool characteristics, and their relationship with toilet training and age of introduction of cow's milk.Methods:A total of 4231 children born in 2004, from a birth cohort study, were assessed at 12, 24, and 48 months of age, when their mothers provided information on sociodemographic characteristics, bowel habits, toilet training, and age of introduction of cow's milk and other foods.Results:The prevalence of constipation was 27.3% and 31.0% at 24 and 48 months of age, respectively. Among girls, at 48 months of age, it was 34.4% versus 27.4% in boys (P < 0.001). The most common features of constipation were scybalous stools (47.7% and 41.0% at 24 and 48 months, respectively), evacuation difficulty (24.3% and 23.1%), and hard stools (17.8% and 34.1%). Toilet training starting before 24 months was associated with constipation at 24 months and its persistence up to 48 months. Among children who did not receive cow's milk in their first year of life, 22% had constipation at 24 months, 22.6% at 48 months, and 8.3% at 24 and 48 months. Among children who started cow's milk before 30 days of life, the respective proportions of children with constipation was 28.2%, 33%, and 12.4%.Conclusions:The prevalence of constipation increases with age and cannot be detected using only information on evacuation interval. Toilet training before 24 months and introduction of cow's milk before 1 year of age is positively associated with constipation at 24 months and its persistence up to 48 months.
Parent–adolescent dyads: association of parental autonomy support and parent–adolescent shared diabetes care responsibility
Authors: Hanna K. M. , Dashiff C. J. , Stump T. E. , Weaver M. T. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPurpose  Parent–adolescent shared responsibility for diabetes care is advocated by experts to achieve beneficial diabetes and psychosocial outcomes for adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Parental autonomy support may be a way to facilitate this sharing. In this dyadic study, we examined parental diabetes‐specific autonomy support experienced by adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents (n= 89 dyads), and its association with their experience of shared diabetes care responsibility.Methods  Path analysis was used to test an Actor–Partner Interdependence Model for parental autonomy support effects on shared responsibility. This was a secondary analysis of data from 89 parent–early/mid‐adolescent dyads.Results  Actor effects were identified. Parents' and adolescents' perceptions of parental autonomy support were associated with their respective reports of shared diabetes care responsibility. One partner effect was identified. Adolescents' reports of parental autonomy support were associated with parents' reports of shared responsibility. Parents and adolescents held similar views of autonomy support but discrepant views of shared responsibility. Older adolescents perceived less parental autonomy support.Conclusion  Increasing parental autonomy support may facilitate parent–adolescent sharing of diabetes care responsibility. Adolescent and parent perceptions influence each other and need to be considered when working with them to strengthen parental autonomy support.
Allo‐exposure status and leucocyte antibody positivity of blood donors show a similar relation with TRALI
Authors: Middelburg R. A. , Beckers E. A. M. , Porcelijn L. , Lardy N. , Wiersum‐Osselton J. C. , Schipperus M. R. , Vrielink H. , Briët E. , van der Bom J. G. 
Published: March 2012

Introduction: The fraction of transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) cases preventable by deferral of allo‐exposed donors has previously been estimated, under the assumption this indirectly estimated the contribution of leucocyte antibodies to the occurrence of TRALI. Our aim was to estimate the fraction preventable by deferral of leucocyte antibody positive donors and to investigate the validity of allo‐exposure as a marker for leucocyte antibodies.Methods: All donors involved in a series of previously published TRALI patients were tested for leucocyte antibodies. The observed number of antibody positive donors was compared to the expected number. From this comparison we estimated the contribution of leucocyte antibodies to the occurrence of TRALI and compared this to the previously reported estimate for allo‐exposed donors.Results: Sixty‐one TRALI patients were included. Of 288 involved donors 43 were expected and 67 were observed to be leucocyte antibody positive. The observed percentage of positive donors was 8·3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 5·1–11·5%) in excess of the expected. Overall 59% (95% CI: 34–85%) of TRALI cases was estimated to be preventable by the exclusion of all leucocyte antibody positive donors. For plasma‐poor products this was 16% (95% CI: −5·0 to 36%).Conclusions: These estimates were similar to those previously published for allo‐exposed donors. This suggests allo‐exposure status can effectively be used in donor deferral strategies.
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Fusarium ELISA compared to QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance and deoxynivalenol content in barley
Authors: Dahleen Lynn S. , Morgan William , Mittal Shipra , Bregitzer Phil , Brown Ryan H. , Hill Nicholas S. 
Published: March 2012

With 1 figure and 3 tablesAbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin produced by Fusarium graminearum reduce barley yield and quality worldwide. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an antibody specific to Fusarium was proposed as an alternative for measuring FHB instead of counting infected kernels per spike. Cleistogamy (closed flowering) may be an avoidance mechanism for FHB resistance. This study was conducted to determine whether quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Fusarium ELISA were colocated with QTL for FHB, DON, heading date, height and spike density and/or the gene for cleistogamy. Doubled haploid lines from Zhedar 2/ND9712//Foster were tested in ten environments and used to develop a 260‐marker linkage map. QTL analysis located 24 significant regions for the six traits. The effect of cleistogamy on resistance was unclear and environment specific. Of the two QTL located for ELISA, only one corresponded with a QTL for FHB, but large allelic differences in ELISA were found for the regions significantly associated with FHB and DON, indicating that ELISA could be a simpler method to identify lines with FHB resistance and low DON.
Histological structure of the female gonads and ovipositor of the European bitterling, Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) (Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae)
Authors: Khlopova Anna V. , Kul'bachnyi Sergey 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe investigated the histological structure of the female gonads and ovipositor of the European bitterling, Rhodeus amarus. The base of the ovipositor was formed by the conical organ or ‘eminence’. Based on the structure of the conical organ, including a special distribution of collagenous and muscular fibrils, a well‐developed vascular system and numerous scyphoid mucous cells in the internal epithelium, this organ was used for temporary storage of oocytes during the spawning period and for their movement along the ovipositor. An extensive network of blood vessels, muscular fibrils and numerous collagenous fibrils in the connective tissue of the ovipositor may make a functional contribution to the ovipositor by making it firmer during egg laying. Mucous cells were detected in the medial and distal regions of the ovipositor, which may play a role in facilitating insertion of the ovipositor into the exhalant siphon of a mussel during oviposition. European bitterling are batch spawners, and the female spawns eggs in clutches at intervals during the breeding season, which were visible as three distinct cohorts of oocytes in the ovary.
Systematic review of pre‐clinical models assessing implant integration in locally compromised sites and/or systemically compromised animals
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Martin Ignacio Sanz , Mühlemann Sven , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to systematically search the dental literature for pre‐clinical models assessing implant integration in locally compromised sites (part 1) and systemically compromised animals (part 2), and to evaluate the quality of reporting of included publications.MethodsA Medline search (1966–2011) was performed, complimented by additional hand searching. The quality of reporting of the included publications was evaluated using the 20 items of the ARRIVE (Animals in Research In Vivo Experiments) guidelines.ResultsOne‐hundred and seventy‐six (part 1; mean ARRIVE score = 15.6 ± 2.4) and 104 (part 2; 16.2 ± 1.9) studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall mean score for all included studies amounted to 15.8 ± 2.2. Housing (38.3%), allocation of animals (37.9%), numbers analysed (50%) and adverse events (51.4%) of the ARRIVE guidelines were the least reported. Statistically significant differences in mean ARRIVE scores were found depending on the publication date (p < 0.05), with the highest score of 16.7 ± 1.6 for studies published within the last 2 years.ConclusionsA large number of studies met the inclusion criteria. The ARRIVE scores revealed heterogeneity and missing information for selected items in more than 50% of the publications. The quality of reporting shifted towards better‐reported pre‐clinical trials within recent years.
Systematic review of outcome measurements and reference group(s) to evaluate and compare implant success and failure
Authors: Needleman Ian , Chin Sarah , O'Brien Tim , Petrie Aviva , Donos Nikos 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of consensus on measures to assess implant performance in clinical research.ObjectivesTo investigate the outcomes measures and reference groups employed to evaluate and compare implant success and failure.Data SourcesMEDLINE (OVID) and Web of Science with searching reference lists of included papers.Study Eligibility CriteriaInclusion: root form, titanium implants in dentate or edentulous individuals. Longitudinal studies reporting survival or success outcomes on at least 20 participants ≥ mean 5 years.Study Appraisal and Synthesis MethodsDescriptive statistics.ResultsTwo‐hundred and sixteen studies were included. Implant survival was the most commonly reported primary outcome (60%) with success at 15.7%. Success constituted a wide variety of measures with little consistency. A percentage of 98.6% of studies employed the implant as the unit of analysis with little consideration of clustering within patients. The status of periodontal and general heath of study groups was unclear for more than 80% studies. The proportion of studies comprising randomized trials or using appropriate analytical methods increased from 1980 to 2011.LimitationsConsiders only English language and there was no author contact.ConclusionIn view of the disparate outcome measures employed to assess dental implant performance, agreement is needed both on a core set of implant outcomes and their statistical management.