bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SIMULATING DEVELOPMENT OF IMMATURE HORN FLIES, HAEMATOB1A IRRITANSIRRITANS (L.) (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE), IN ALBERTA
Authors: Lysyk T.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDevelopmental times were determined at constant temperatures for an Alberta population of horn flies, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.). Prepupal (egg and larval) developmental time was determined at seven constant temperatures and ranged from 8.9 days at 20.1°C to 3.5 days at 34.5°C. Prepupal development averaged 44.8% of the preadult (egg, larval, and pupal) developmental time. Preadiilt developmental time was determined at 43 constant temperatures and ranged from 41.6 days at 15°C to 8.4 days at 35°C. The relationship between preadult developmental rate and constant temperature was used in a model to simulate developmental times of horn fly immatures exposed to fluctuating temperatures. The model simulated adult eclosion times well. Deviations of simulated from observed (observed – simulated) mean developmental times averaged 0.4 (SD = 1.3) days, and were less than those found when previously published developmental rate equations were used.
A REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF THE TACHYDROMIINE FLY GENUSSTILPONLOEW (DIPTERA: EMPIDOIDEA)
Authors: Cumming J.M. , Cooper B.E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis revision recognizes 13 species ofStilponLoew in the Nearctic Region, including nine new species. A key is provided for the identification of adult specimens, all species are described, and their geographical distributions are mapped. Two informal species groups are recognized in the Nearctic Region, with the following included species: (1)S.graminumgroup —S.campestrisCumming sp.nov. (type-locality Assiniboia, Saskatchewan, Canada); (2)S.varipesgroup —S.chillcottiCumming sp.nov. (type-locality 10 km E Evergreen, Alabama, USA),S.ctenistesCumming sp.nov. (type-locality Salmon Creek, New York, USA),S.curvipesMelander,S.limitarisCumming sp.nov. (type-locality Sapelo Island,Georgia,USA),S.paucisetaMelander,S.pilomusCumming sp.nov. (type-locality Franconia, New Hampshire, USA),S.spinipesMelander,S.tribulosusCumming sp.nov. (type-locality Gatlinburg, Tennessee, USA),S.tyconyxCumming sp.nov. (type-locality Bedford, Massachusetts, USA),S.varipesLoew,S.vockerothiCumming sp.nov. (type-locality Ottawa, Ontario, Canada), andS.wirthiCumming sp.nov. (type-locality Dennisport, Massachusetts, USA). A world list of described species ofStilpon, including synonyms, is provided.Stilpon pectinigerMelander is a new junior synonym ofS.varipesLoew andS.demnatensisVaillant is indicated as a nomen nudum.Stilpon pleuriticusMelander, previously considered to belong withinStilpon, is excluded from the genus, andS.obscuripesAdams is transferred asCrossopalpus obscuripes(Adams) comb.nov. Lectotypes are designated forS.paucisetaMelander andS.pectinigerMelander. Homologies of previously confused structures of the male and female terminalia are summarized with reference to other Empidoidea. The monophyly ofStilponis justified, including discussion of the phylogenetic relationships of the genus to the remainder of the Tachydromiinae. All described species ofStilpon, including extralimital species, are assigned to one of three proposed informal species groups (S.divergens,S.graminum, orS.varipesgroup), and zoogeographic patterns are discussed.
DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAE OF EIGHT NEARCTIC SPECIES OF DOLERUS (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE) WITH FOCUS ON SIX EQUISETUM- FEEDING SPECIES FROM THE OTTAWA REGION
Authors: Leblanc L. , Goulet H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe larvae of eight Nearctic sawfly species in the genus Dolerus are described here for the first time. Six species, D. aprilis, D. tibialis conjugates, D. gilvipes albifrons, D. apricus, D. acidus, and D. subfasciatus, were reared from adults collected on the field horsetail, Equisetum arvense Linnaeus, and the larvae of two species, D. sericeus and D. nitens, were collected on grasses. The life history of Dolerus spp. is described. An illustrated key to the species dealt with is provided. Taxonomic affinities among. the species are briefly discussed.
A COMPARISON OF THE SENSORY MORPHOLOGY OF THE CEPHALIC REGION OF FIRST- AND THIRD-INSTAR ARACHNIDOMYIA ALDRICHI (PARKER) (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE)
Authors: Schmidt J.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe sensory structures of the cephalic segment of first- and third-instar Arachnidomyia aldrichi (Parker) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) larvae were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Larvae were prepared by methanol freeze substitution, which effectively preserved the structure of these membranous specimens. Sensilla of first and third instars are described and compared with respect to differences in the sensory requirements of these instars. Sensilla numbers and types were similar in both instars, although the sensilla of third instars were larger than those of first instars. None of the external sensory structures was unique to one or the other instar. The cephalic sensory structures of A. aldrichi are also similar in arrangement and structure to those reported for other saprophagous and herbivorous muscomorph dipteran larvae.
LEAF WAXINESS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF LIPAPHIS ERYSIMI (KALTENBACH) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON THREE BRASSICA CROPS
Authors: Lamb R.J. , Smith M.A.H. , Bodnaryk R.P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe amount of wax on leaf surfaces was determined for waxy and low-wax phenotypes of three Brassica crops: oilseed rape, kale, and collards. The effects of these phenotypes were assessed on the fecundity, settling time, and biomass increase of the mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), a pest of oilseed rape. Leaves of the waxy phenotype of each Brassica had about twice as much wax as the low-wax phenotype, but the amount of wax had no effect on any of the three measures of aphid performance. Lipaphis erysimi was more fecund and produced a higher biomass on the rape than on the collards, but settled more quickly on the collards than on rape. If the waxiness of oilseed rape is altered to increase crop resistance to other pests, the pest status of L. erysimi is unlikely to be affected.
THE TYPES OF NORTH AMERICAN CRAMBINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) IN THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM, LONDON
Authors: Landry Bernard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNinety-nine primary types of mostly North American Crambinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) which are, or were supposed to be, in the collections of the Natural History Museum (NHM), London, are listed. For the 87 types that were located in the NHM, the sex and information on each label are given. Thirty-eight lectotypes are designated.Fissicrambus hospitionBleszynski is moved toLoxocrambus.
EFFECTS OF AN OPERATIONAL APPLICATION OF DIMILIN® ON NON-TARGET INSECTS
Authors: Sample Bradley E. , Butler Linda , Whitmore Robert C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEffects of an operational application of Dimilin® on non-target insects were evaluated in eastern West Virginia in 1988 and 1989. Dimilin was applied in 1988 (70,75 g AI per ha). Insects were collected by light-traps at seven pairs of Dimilin-treated and control sites. Lepidoptera experienced the greatest impact, displaying reduced abundance and species richness at treated sites. No effects were observed among Coleoptera, Diptera, or Hymenoptera.
UTILIZATION OF WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS ALARM PHEROMONE AS A PREY-FINDING KAIROMONE BY PREDATORS
Authors: Teerling C.R. , Gillespie D.R. , Borden J.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe alarm pheromone of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is present in the droplet of anal fluid produced by second-instar nymphs when attacked by predators. Because the anal droplet is used in defense against arthropod predators, it was hypothesized that the alarm pheromone (decyl acetate plus dodecyl acetate) acts as a defensive allomone. This hypothesis was refuted by the demonstration that two predators use the pheromone as a prey-finding kairomone. On a leaf arena, Orius tristicolor White (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) increased its rate of turning in response to the pheromone, and spent 25% of its time within 5 mm of a pheromone source. When given a choice between connected leaf discs containing a pheromone- or solvent-treated wick, Amblyseius cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) spent a greater proportion of time on the pheromone-containing disc, suggesting an arrestment effect.
TRAP DESIGNS FOR MONITORING EMERGENCE OF FRANKLINIELLA BISPINOSA (MORGAN) (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) FROM SOIL IN CITRUS GROVES
Authors: Childers C.C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThree emergence trap designs were evaluated for effectiveness in collecting adult Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from beneath and between citrus trees in Florida. Trap A [a wooden-frame 30- by 30-cm (= 900 cm2) square trap with removable Plexiglas® lid coated with Tangle-Trap® adhesive] was effective in trapping F. bispinosa adults whereas trap B [a polyvinylchloride (PVC) round trap with a centered 3.7-mL capacity shell vial] was ineffective. Trap A was as effective in collecting emerging F. bispinosa adults as trap C [a PVC round trap with a 30-cm-diameter (= 706.5 cm2) removable adhesive-coated Plexiglas lid]. Comparative costs for trap construction, maintenance, and insect counting are all higher for trap A compared with trap C. Trap placement beneath citrus trees 15 cm from the trunk or just inside the dripline of the canopy provided similar thrips catches in two citrus grove sites. Both interior and dripline trap positions beneath "navel" orange trees had significantly higher numbers of F. bispinosa than did traps exposed within rows between these trees.
EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF A NOSEMA SP. (MICROSPORIDA: NOSEMATIDAE) INFECTING THE GRASSHOPPER CHORTHIPPUS CURTIPENNIS (HARRIS) (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Streett D.A. , Woods S.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEpizootiological studies of a Nosema sp. in field populations of the grasshopper Chorthippus curtipennis (Harris) were conducted in Madison County, Montana. The average density and percentage prevalence for each modal stage are reported for two sites from 1986 through 1990. Alternating high and low densities of C. curtipennis were observed during even and odd years, respectively. Prevalence of Nosema in C. curtipennis during a high density year was characterized by an increase in prevalence during nymphal development. Furthermore, prevalence of Nosema in C. curtipennis was positively related to host density, suggesting some form of density-dependent transmission.
THEORETICAL OPTIMIZATION OFBACILLUS THURINGIENSISBERLINER FOR CONTROL OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM,CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANACLEM. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): ESTIMATES OF LETHAL AND SUBLETHAL DOSE REQUIREMENTS, PRODUCT POTENCY, AND EFFECTIVE DROPLET SIZES
Authors: van Frankenhuyzen Kees , Payne Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe present calculations of droplet sizes and product potencies that are theoretically required to deliver a lethal dose ofBacillus thuringiensisin one droplet to larvae of the eastern spruce budworm in aerial spray applications. The calculations are based on estimates of the dose required for 50% and 95% mortality [4.3 and 26.9 International Units (IU), respectively] and of the lowest dose that caused discernable feeding inhibition (0.5 IU) in force-feeding assays with sixth-instar larvae. For products containing 12.7–16.9 billion IU (BIU) per litre, the most widely used potency range, a 150- to 160-μm droplet is needed to deliver an LD95and an 80- to 90-μm droplet to deliver an LD50, whereas droplets down to 40 μm are expected to cause extensive feeding inhibition. Our calculations suggest that current application prescriptions result in the delivery of a marginally effective dose to the target foliage and that budworm larvae have to ingest multiple droplets to obtain a lethal dose, a process that is thought to contribute to inconsistent spray efficacy. We predict that dose acquisition can be maximized by increasing product potency to 95 BIU/L, which would enable larvae to acquire a lethal dose by ingestion of only one or two droplets in the size range that is most commonly encountered on coniferous foliage (≤ 80 µm) after aerial application.
DEVELOPMENT OF A CHEMICAL CONTROL STRATEGY FOR THE PINE FALSE WEBWORM, ACANTHOLYDA ERYTHROCEPHALA (L.) (HYMENOPTERA: PAMPHILIIDAE)
Authors: Lyons D. Barry , Helson Blair V. , Jones Geraldine C. , McFarlane John W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe pine false webworm, Acantholyda erythrocephala (L.) (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae), is an introduced sawfly that is becoming increasingly important as a pest of pine plantations in Ontario. Laboratory bioassays of 10 insecticides, applied to excised pine branches containing eggs immediately prior to hatching, indicated that carbaryl and permethrin at low dosages were efficacious in controlling larvae. Neither carbaryl nor permethrin affected egg hatch, and field trials at various dosages indicated that 500 g AI per ha of carbaryl significantly reduced larval numbers and mitigated defoliation of 1-year-old and current-year foliage. Comparisons of single early (during egg hatch), single late (mean instar about 3.8), and combinations of early and late applications of lower concentrations of both chemicals suggested that the late application better reduced webworm populations. All tested application rates of permethrin and carbaryl provided significant foliar protection, particularly to current-year foliage. Dosages as low as 35 g AI per ha of permethrin and 125 g AI per ha of carbaryl in mistblower applications of third- and fourth-instar larvae may provide suitable protection, depending on management objectives. Ground applications using a mistblower resulted in no differences in efficacy on branches from different vertical strata, but reduced efficacy was observed on branches on the sides of the trees opposite where sprays were applied. Spray drift tests with carbaryl at 500 g AI per ha indicated that some population reduction occurred in trees up to two 2.1-m-spaced rows downwind from treated trees. Thus, each row would not need to be sprayed in operational programs.
LASIOMERUS ANNULATUS (REUTER) (HEMIPTERA: NABIDAE) IN SOUTHERN CANADA: ECOLOGY AND PHENOLOGY, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE LAST-INSTAR NYMPH
Authors: Larivière Marie-Claude 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe last-instar nymph of the nabid Lasiomerus annulatus (Reuter) is described for the first time and a diagnosis of the adult is presented. Its geographical distribution is detailed and the northern limit of its range in North America is established at 45 °37′N latitude. New phenological and ecological information is provided based on collections made in Québec from 1979 to 1985 and the bioecology is discussed, especially with regard to habitat preferences and phenological cycle.
SYSTEMATICS OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF METALLIC-GREENCOLEOPHORA(LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE)
Authors: Landry Jean-François , Wright Barry 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEleven species of metallic-greenColeophoraare recognized in the Nearctic Region, including three that are new:C.ladoniaLandry and Wright from Florida,C.ramitellaLandry and Wright from the northeastern United States, andC.timarellaLandry and Wright from Arizona. Three species are introduced from Europe:C.deauratellaLienig and Zeller,C.mayrella(Hübner), andC.trifolii(Curtis); these are pests of clover seeds. Adults are keyed, described, and illustrated, and the species distributions mapped. Host plants are known for eight of the species, for which larval cases are also illustrated and their life history presented. Nearctic species of metallic-greenColeophorarepresent a miscellany of unrelated groups, here treated together for convenience. Tentative definitions of informal species groups are provided and phylogenetic relationships of the species are discussed.
HOST SPECIFICITY AND SUITABILITY OF APION HOOKERI KIRBY (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), A CANDIDATE FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SCENTLESS CHAMOMILE, MATRICARIA PERFORATA MÉRAT (ASTERACEAE), IN CANADA
Authors: Peschken D.P. , Sawchyn K.C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractScentless chamomile, Matricaria perforata Mérat [= Matricaria maritima var. agrestis (Knaf) Wilmot], is a widely distributed, rapidly spreading and aggressive weed, especially in the three Prairie Provinces. The seed-feeding weevil, Apion hookeri Kirby (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is widespread and common in its native range in the Palaearctic. It occurs in such differing climates as the Mediterranean in northern Africa and the boreal climate of western Siberia. The weevil was screened for its host specificity. In the laboratory, females oviposited into the flowers of species in six genera of the tribe Anthemideae, and one species in the tribe Astereae. However, the larvae developed only in Matricaria species, and one adult emerged from stinking mayweed, Anthemis cotula L. In a choice test, ovipositing A. hookeri preferred scentless chamomile 93:1 over stinking mayweed. These results confirm host records in the European literature. It is concluded that A. hookeri is a host-specific and promising agent for the biological control of scentless chamomile.
REVISION OF TIMEMA SCUDDER (PHASMATOPTERA: TIMEMATODEA) INCLUDING THREE NEW SPECIES
Authors: Vickery Vernon R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe nine species; of Timema Scudder known previously from California, Arizona, and Nevada are redescribed and three new species are added: Timema nakipa from Baja California, Mexico: T. tahoe from Nevada; and T. cristinae from Santa Barbara County, California. Timema nakipa and T. podura Strohecker are the only representatives of Timema known from Mexico. Keys and identification tables are presented for identification of species.
DAILY PATTERNS OF ACTIVITY OF FEMALES OF THE ORANGE WHEAT BLOSSOM MIDGE, SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (GÉHIN) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)
Authors: Pivnick Kenneth A. , Labbé Edith 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe daily patterns of activity of females of the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), were observed in controlled laboratory conditions and in field conditions in eastern Saskatchewan in mid-July 1986 and 1987. In the field, during the daytime, females rested on stems of wheat plants within 30 cm of the ground and, at approximately 2000 hours CST, flew up to wheat heads. Most oviposition took place between 2000 and 2145 hours (or 75 min before, to 30 min after, sunset). Toward the end of the oviposition period, females were frequently seen drinking dew from wheat heads. On some evenings, females migrated down from the heads following oviposition, but on more than half of the evenings they remained on the heads until early morning. However, they never moved down to the low level they occupied during the day until the next morning, when the migration was usually complete by 0900–1000 hours. Light intensity appeared to regulate the vertical migration of females. Cloudy conditions may allow an earlier onset of oviposition. Flight was limited to air temperatures above 14–15 °C and oviposition to temperatures above 10–11 °C. Wind speeds of 10 km per h or more and rain occasionally limited activity. In the laboratory, oviposition activity occurred almost exclusively during the scotophase, mainly in the first 2 h. Mean total fecundity was 83.6 ± 10.9 (±SE) eggs, and mean longevity was 6.6 ± 0.6 days. No oviposition took place on the 1st night, and the greatest mean daily fecundity occurred on the 3rd night.
SITOBION BLACKMANI SP.NOV. (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) FROM HOLODISCUS DISCOLOR SSP. DISCOLOR (ROSACEAE) IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Forbes A.R. , Chan C.K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDescriptions are given of the fundatrix, alate and apterous viviparous females, ovipara, and the alate male of Sitobion blackmani sp.nov., collected on ocean-spray, Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim, ssp. discolor.
VESICAS OF SELECTED TORTRICID AND SMALL LEPIDOPTEROUS SPECIES, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW TECHNIQUES OF VESICA EVERSION (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE, OECOPHORIDAE, GELECHIIDAE, AND NEPTICULIDAE)
Authors: Dang P.T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractVesicas of the following tortricid and other small lepidopterous species are described and illustrated: Tortricidae: Orthotaenia undulana (Denis and Schiffermüller), Apotomisfrigidana (Packard), Olethreutes appendiced (Zeller), Evora hemidesma (Zeller), Epinotia nanana (Treitschke), Corticivora clarki Clarke, Atchips packardiana (Fernald), Pandemis limitata (Robinson), and Aethes rutilana (Hübner); Oecophoridae: Psilocorsis quercicella Clemens; Gelechiidae: Dichomeris flavocostella (Clemens); and Nepticulidae: Obrussa ochrefasciella (Chambers).The injection and chemical induction techniques of eversion of vesicas of tortricid moths and other Lepidoptera are described.
LIFE HISTORY, BEHAVIOUR, AND MORTALITY OF THE WESTERN ASH BARK BEETLE, HYLESINUS CALIFORNICUS (SWAINE) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA
Authors: Langor David W. , Hergert Colin R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe life history, behaviour, and mortality of the western ash bark beetle, Hylesinus californicus (Swaine), was investigated in green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanicus var. subintergerrima (Vahl) Fern., in Calgary, Alberta. This species is univoltine with an apparent obligate diapause in the adult (overwintering) stage. Adults emerge from overwintering sites in the bases of ash boles from mid-April to mid-May and fly or walk up the bole to the crown where maturation feeding, mating, and reproduction occur. Eggs are present by late April, larvae by early May, pupae by mid-July, and new adults by late July. There are three larval instars. Beetles emerge from larval galleries in August and enter fresh phloem in uninfested parts of branches to feed for up to 6 weeks. Beetles leave feeding galleries from mid-September to early November and migrate by walking, falling, and flying to overwintering sites in the base of ash boles. Total mortality from egg to eclosed brood adult was 80.6%. Disease, parasitoids, and dehydration were the main causes of mortality. Eight hymenopterous parasitoid species were identified; the pteromalid wasp Rhaphitelus maculatus Walker was the most abundant. Tree hazard rating, maintenance of tree health, removal of susceptible and infested host material, and application of pesticides are suggested for management of western ash bark beetle populations.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE OREODYTES ALASKANUS CLADE (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE: HYDROPORINAE)
Authors: Alarie Yves 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNorth American members of the Oreodyies alaskanus clade are revised. The species O. productotruncatus (Hatch) and O. recticollis (Fall) are recognized as valid and those names are removed from junior synonymy with O. alaskanus (Fall.). Oreodytes leechi Zimmerman is considered a new junior subjective synonym of O. recticollis. Lectotype designations are provided for O. alaskanus and O. recticollis. Palaearctic O. dauricus (Motschulsky) is included within the O. alaskanus clade whose members are characterized by the protibia having the inner margin sinuate and strongly narrowed proximally, Oreodytes kanoi Kamiya, from Japan, is suggested as the sister-group of members of the O. alaskanus clade based on the shared presence in the female of a last abdominal sternite with an emargination at the apex.