bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flame resistant performance of nanocomposites coated with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets/carbon nanofiber hybrid nanopapers
Authors: Zhuge Jinfeng , Gou Jihua , Ibeh Christopher 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYExfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnPs) were used to improve the flame resistant performance of glass fiber‐reinforced polyester composites. Along with xGnP, traditional intumescent fire retardant ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was introduced into the polymer matrix as the dominant additive to reduce the heat release rate (HRR) and total heat released (THR) of the composites. The cone calorimeter test results Indicate that the optimal weight ratios of xGnP and APP were 3% and 17% by weight, respectively. At such weight ratio, a synergistic effect between xGnP and APP was demonstrated. The flame resistant performance of the nanocomposites was further improved by applying xGnP‐dominant carbon nanofiber (CNF)/xGnP hybrid nanopaper onto the surface of the samples. Compared with the control sample, the integration of the HRR (THR) from 0 to 100 s of the sample coated with the nanopaper of CNF/xGnP = 1/3 shows more than 30% decrease in THR. Based on the results of mass loss, the nanopaper coating is also shown to enhance the structural stability of the samples under fire conditions, which affects the mechanical properties of the composites. The results show that the thermal properties, permeability of composites, and char formation play important roles in determining the fire behavior of the composites. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does short‐term odour memory increase with expertise? An experimental study with perfumers, flavourists, trained panellists and novices
Authors: Valentin Dominique , Dacremont Catherine , Cayeux Isabelle 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTWe have examined short‐term memory performance for odour recognition as a function of expertise. Experts (perfumers and flavourists), trained panellists, and novices studied three sets of common and uncommon (perfumery and flavour raw materials) odours with intentional encoding instructions. The three sets included three, six and 12 odours, respectively. As expected, recognition performance indicated an expertise effect: hit rates increased with expertise, whereas false alarm rates decreased. This effect, however, is mediated by the type and number of odours. For common odours, the effect of expertise is significant only for the larger odour set. For uncommon odours, the effect of expertise is significant for all three odour sets. Finally, an order effect was found on hit rate for novices and to a lesser extent for trained panellists, but not for perfumers and flavourists. Taken together these results indicate that, as expected, through training, experts develop a better olfactory short‐term memory than novices. This increase in short‐term memory performance might be sustained by a better ability to verbalize the odours. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of instrumental methods for the untargeted analysis of chemical stimuli of orange juice flavour
Authors: Charve Joséphine , Chen Chi , Hegeman Adrian D , Reineccius Gary A 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThis work was conducted as the initial part of the evaluation of flavoromics as a tool in flavour research. The objective was to develop and evaluate methods for the untargeted analysis of chemical stimuli of orange juice flavour. It considered for study all (ideally) low molecular weight compounds as candidate chemical stimuli in flavour perception (unbiased) instead of focusing only on compounds already known to influence the flavour quality. Four commercial juices and their blend were analysed by headspace solid‐phase micro‐extraction gas chromatography (GC) and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)–time of flight mass spectrometry for volatiles and non‐volatiles, respectively. The developed methods were a compromise between the number of compounds extracted and detected, throughput and repeatability. The methods were tested for their ability to distinguish between orange juices based on mass spectral information using chemometrics. Classification of the samples was not the goal of the study but rather an indirect way to test the instrumental methods, the handling and chemometric analysis of these data. Classification models were obtained which allowed the categorization of the samples by brands with little overlapping, and the tight clustering of the replicates indicated a good repeatability of the methods, especially for GC and RP‐UHPLC. Fusion of GC‐ and RP‐UHPLC‐MS data sets gave similar classification models compared to that of using only data from volatiles or non‐volatiles but can offer the advantage of finding potential correlations between chemical compounds and increased accuracy in flavour predictions as it includes inputs from more compounds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does model fit matter for hedging? Evidence from FTSE 100 options
Authors: Alexander Carol , Kaeck Andreas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study implements a variety of different calibration methods applied to the Heston model and examines their effect on the performance of standard and minimum‐variance hedging of vanilla options on the FTSE 100 index. Simple adjustments to the Black–Scholes–Merton model are used as a benchmark. Our empirical findings apply to delta, delta‐gamma, or delta‐vega hedging and they are robust to varying the option maturities and moneyness, and to different market regimes. On the methodological side, an efficient technique for simultaneous calibration to option price and implied volatility index data is introduced. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 32:609–638, 2012
Comparison of displacement field predicted by 2D and 3D finite element modelling of shallow NATM tunnels in clays
Authors: Svoboda Thomas , Masin David 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe 2D load‐reduction method for simulating NATM tunnels using plane strain finite elements is evaluated in the paper by comparison with fully 3D simulations. Three real shallow tunnels in urban environment in different stiff clays were simulated. The soil behaviour was described by an advanced non‐linear soil constitutive model based on the hypoplasticity theory. Time‐dependent behaviour of shotcrete lining was considered in 3D simulations, whereas constant final stiffness was used in the plane strain analyses. The 2D analyses were thus controlled by a single parameter that accounts for 3D effects. It is shown that for an optimum value of this parameter, the displacement field predicted by the 2D method agrees well with the 3D simulations. In some cases only, a discrepancy was observed in the close vicinity of the tunnel. The controlling parameter was, however, found to be dependent on the problem simulated (for the same material) and also on the material properties (for the same tunnelling problem). Considering the material properties, the shear modulus at very small strain was found to be more influential than the shear modulus at large strain. The initial K0 stress state did not influence the controlling parameter substantially.Vergleich der Prognose des Verschiebungsfeldes durch 2D‐ und 3D‐FE‐Modellierungen von seichten Tunneln im Ton Die mit finiten Elementen mit ebenem Spannungszustand arbeitende 2D‐Lastreduktionsmethode zur Simulierung von NÖTTunneln wird im vorliegenden Aufsatz im Vergleich zu vollen 3DSimulationen bewertet. Es wurden drei existierende oberflächennahe Stadttunnel in verschieden festen Tonböden simuliert. Das Bodenverhalten wurde durch ein komplexes, nicht‐lineares Bodenmodell auf Basis der Hypoplastizitätstheorie beschrieben. In den 3D‐Simulationen wurde das zeitabhängige Verhalten der Spritzbetonauskleidung untersucht, wohingegen in den Analysen der ebenen Spannungszustände die konstante, endgültige Festigkeit des Betons verwendet wurde. Die 2D‐Analysen wurden auf diese Weise durch einen einzelnen Parameter bestimmt, der den 3D‐Wirkungen Rechnung trägt. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass für einen Optimalwert dieses Parameters das mittels der 2D‐Methode prognostizierte Verschiebungsfeld weitestgehend mit den 3DSimulationen übereinstimmt. Nur in einigen Fällen war in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Tunnel eine Diskrepanz zu beobachten. Es wurde jedoch festgestellt, dass der bestimmende Parameter von der Art des simulierten Problems abhängt (für dasselbe Material) und auch von den Materialeigenschaften (für dasselbe Tunnelbauproblem). Für die Materialeigenschaften wurde festgestellt, dass der Schubmodul bei sehr kleinen Spannungen eine größere Rolle spielt als bei großen Spannungen. Der anfängliche K0‐Lastzustand hatte keinen wesentlichen Einfluss auf den bestimmenden Parameter.
Bodenmechanische Eigenschaften organischer Ablagerungen der brandenburgischen Niederungs‐ und Luchgebiete
Authors: Rackwitz Frank , Schüßler Maik , Savidis Stavros A. , Ney Marcel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOrganische Böden zeichnen sich gegenüber rein mineralischen Böden durch besonders starke Variabilität und Heterogenität aus. Zur sicheren und wirtschaftlichen Dimensionierung von Untergrundverbesserungen sowie anderen Gründungsmaßnahmen im Bereich organischer Böden sind umfangreiche Kenntnisse über die Eigenschaften und das bodenmechanische Verhalten dieser schwierigen Böden unabdingbar. In der Literatur sind hierzu bislang nur vereinzelt vollständige, teils sogar widersprüchliche Angaben zu finden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die wesentlichen Ergebnisse von Laboruntersuchungen an ca. 650 überwiegend ungestörten Torf‐ und Muddeproben aus Baugrunduntersuchungen für den Verkehrswegebau im Land Brandenburg präsentiert. Es erfolgte sowohl eine Auswertung hinsichtlich bodenmechanischer Klassifikationskennwerte als auch zum lastund zeitabhängigen Verformungsverhalten sowie zum geschwindigkeitsabhängigen Scherverhalten. Zusätzlich wurden Daten von Druck‐ und Feldflügelsondierungen in die Auswertung einbezogen. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen wird auch als deutliche Erweiterung der aktuellen Normung eine Unterteilung der Torfe und Mudden aus bodenmechanischer Sicht vorgeschlagen. Im Beitrag wird zusätzlich auf zahlreiche Besonderheiten bei der Untersuchung organischer Böden eingegangen.Soil mechanical properties of organic deposits in Brandenburg's lowland river valley regions. Organic soils are extremely heterogeneous and widely variable in contrast with most granular, silty and clayey soils. Safe and efficient design of subsoil improvement measures in such difficult organic soils therefore requires extensive knowledge of their properties and their mechanical behaviour. So far there has been a lack of complete and cohesive information about organic soil behaviour in the relevant literature. This paper details the main laboratory test results obtained from approx. 650 mostly undisturbed samples of peat and gyttja taken in the course of several infrastructure projects in the State of Brandenburg. Evaluation of the test results considered soil classification parameters, stress and time dependent deformation behaviour in addition to rate dependent shear behaviour. Data from cone penetration (CPT) and field vane (FVT) tests were also included in the interpretation of results. A significantly extended organic soil classification scheme is presented here based on these results. The text also takes a detailed look at a large number of specific problems that are encountered when conducting organic soil investigations.
Haldengeothermie – Chancen und Risiken bei der thermischen Nutzung von Haldenschwelbränden
Authors: Kürten Sylvia , Feinendegen Martin , Schwerdt Peter , Noel Yves , Klein Andreas , Gaschnitz Roland 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBergehalden gehören in Steinkohlerevieren zum bekannten Landschaftsbild. Eher unbekannt ist dagegen, dass im Inneren vieler Halden in Folge von Selbstentzündungsprozessen Schwelbrände vorhanden sind, die oftmals Temperaturen von mehreren Hundert Grad Celsius erreichen. Im Rahmen eines vom BMBF geförderten Verbundprojekts wird das geothermische Potenzial solcher Haldenschwelbrände untersucht. Auf einer Halde im westlichen Ruhrgebiet wurden zu diesem Zweck drei Erdwärmesonden installiert. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die spezifischen Entzugsleistungen deutlich höher als bei herkömmlichen Geothermieanlagen sind. Zur Beschreibung der thermischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften des Haldenmaterials wurde eine Vielzahl von Versuchen im Feld und im Labor durchgeführt. Trotz der vorhandenen Inhomogenität des Materials weisen die Ergebnisse eine relativ geringe Streubreite auf. Das Arbeiten auf (alten) Bergehalden ist mit zahlreichen Herausforderungen verbunden. Der Aufwand wird jedoch durch den großen energetischen und ökologischen Nutzen gerechtfertigt.Geothermal energy from mining waste – Chances and risks at the thermal exploitation of smouldering mining dump. Mining spoil heaps are common in coal‐mining areas. A little‐known fact that has not yet attracted much public attention is the phenomenon of smouldering inside heaps. The energetic utilization of smouldering waste heaps is being investigated as part of a joint research project funded by the BMBF. Three borehole heat exchangers were installed in a spoil heap in the western Ruhr. It can be shown that the flow temperatures and thus the achievable heat extraction rate are much higher than in conventional geothermal systems. In order to determine the thermal and physical properties of the mining materials, several field and laboratory tests were performed. The variation of the properties of the inhomogeneous material is much less than expected. When working on old mining waste heaps, many challenges have to be faced but the high energetic potential justifies the efforts.
Cancer predisposing mutations in BRCT domains
Authors: di Masi Alessandra , Gullotta Francesca , Cappadonna Valentina , Leboffe Loris , Ascenzi Paolo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMembers of the breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) carboxy‐terminal (BRCT) superfamily are involved in the cellular response to the DNA damage sensing and repair, as well as in the cell cycle control. All proteins are characterized by one or more BRCT domain(s), which provides a flexible framework representing scaffolding element(s) in multi‐protein complexes. In particular, BRCA1, nibrin (NBN), and microcephalin (MCPH1), generally considered as molecular models for cancer‐prone syndromes, contain BRCT domains able to bind phosphorylated proteins. Mutations within the BRCT domains of BRCA1, NBN, and MCPH1 are responsible for cancer susceptibility, both at the homozygous and heterozygous status. Here, we report a critical analysis of: (i) the BRCT domain structure, (ii) the role of BRCA1, NBN, and MCPH1 in DNA damage sensing and repair as well as in cell cycle control, and (iii) the pathological effects of mutations within the BRCT domains of BRCA1, NBN, and MCPH1. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(7): 503–512, 2011
miR‐200a modulate HUVECs viability and migration
Authors: Li Yi‐Xuan , Liu Da‐Quan , Zheng Chen , Zheng Shu‐Qi , Liu Min , Li Xin , Tang Hua 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe posttranscriptional regulation of miRNAs is important for organism development. To investigate the role of miRNAs in angiogenesis, we performed a loss‐of‐function screening assay in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and found that knockdown of 7 miRNAs (miR‐95a, miR‐126, miR‐129, miR‐137, miR‐139, miR‐200a, and miR‐335) significantly suppressed cell viability. As miR‐200a was highly expressed in HUVECs, blocking endogenous miR‐200a using 2′‐OMe antisense oligonucleotide (ASOs) resulted in a decrease of cell viability and migration. Bioinformatics analysis indicates the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of thrombospondin‐1 (THBS1) has a putative binding site for miR‐200a. MiR‐200a can directly bind to THBS1 3′UTR and negatively regulate THBS1 expression. The identification of endothelial cells (ECs) related miRNA and its target gene may gain new insight into the mechanism of angiogenesis. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(7): 553‐559, 2011
Fibronectin splice variants: Understanding their multiple roles in health and disease using engineered mouse models
Authors: White Eric S. , Muro Andrés F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic network of proteins, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans. Numerous diseases result from mutation in genes coding for ECM proteins, but only recently it has been reported that mutations in the fibronectin (FN) gene were associated with a human disorder. FN is one of the main components of the ECM. It generates protein diversity through alternative splicing of a single pre‐mRNA, having at least 20 different isoforms in humans. The precise function of these protein isoforms has remained obscure in most cases. Only in the recent few years, it was possible to shed light on the multiple roles of the alternatively spliced FN isoforms. This substantial progress was achieved basically with the knowledge derived from engineered mouse models bearing subtle mutations in specific FN domains. These data, together with a recent report associating mutations in the FN gene to a form of glomerulopathy, clearly show that mutations in constitutive exons or misregulation of alternatively spliced domains of the FN gene may have nonlethal pathological consequences. In this review, we focus on the pathological consequences of mutations in the FN gene, by connecting the function of alternatively spliced isoforms of fibronectin to human diseases. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(7): 538–546, 2011
Proteins with neomorphic moonlighting functions in disease
Authors: Jeffery Constance J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOne gene can encode multiple protein functions because of RNA splice variants, gene fusions during evolution, promiscuous enzyme activities, and moonlighting protein functions. In addition to these types of multifunctional proteins, in which both functions are considered “normal” functions of a protein, some proteins have been described in which a mutation or conformational change imparts a second function on a protein that is not a “normal” function of the protein. We propose to call these new functions “neomorphic moonlighting functions”. The most common examples of neomorphic moonlighting functions are due to conformational changes that impart novel protein–protein interactions resulting in the formation of protein aggregates in Alzheimers, Parkinsons disease, and the systemic amyloidoses. Other changes that can result in a neomorphic moonlighting function include a mutation in SMAD4 that causes the protein to bind to new promoters and thereby alter gene transcription patterns, mutations in two isocitrate dehydrogenase isoforms that impart a new catalytic activity, and mutations in dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase that activate a hidden protease activity. These neomorphic moonlighting functions were identified because of their connection to disease. In the cases described herein, the new functions cause cancers or severe neurological impairment, although in most cases the mechanism by which the new function leads to disease is unknown. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(7): 489–494, 2011
Structural heterogeneity and ligand gating in ferric methanosarcina acetivorans protoglobin mutants
Authors: Pesce Alessandra , Tilleman Lesley , Dewilde Sylvia , Ascenzi Paolo , Coletta Massimo , Ciaccio Chiara , Bruno Stefano , Moens Luc , Bolognesi Martino , Nardini Marco 
Published: June 2011

AbstractProtoglobin from Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A (MaPgb), a strictly anaerobic methanogenic Archaea, displays peculiar structural and functional properties within members of the hemoglobin superfamily. In fact, MaPgb‐specific loops and a N‐terminal extension (20 amino acid residues) completely bury the heme within the protein matrix. Therefore, the access of diatomic gaseous molecules to the heme is granted by two apolar tunnels reaching the heme distal site from locations at the B/G and B/E helix interfaces. The presence of two tunnels within the protein matrix could be partly responsible for the slightly biphasic ligand binding behavior. Unusually, MaPgb oxygenation is favored with respect to carbonylation. Here, the crucial role of Tyr(B10)61 and Ile(G11)149 residues, located in the heme distal site and lining the protein matrix tunnels 1 and 2, respectively, on ligand binding to the heme‐Fe‐atom and on distal site structural organization is reported. In particular, tunnel 1 accessibility is modulated by a complex reorganization of the Trp(B9)60 and Phe(E11)93 side‐chains, triggered by mutations of the Tyr(B10)61 and Ile(G11)149 residues, and affected by the presence and type of the distal heme‐bound ligand.
Regulation of postnatal trabecular bone formation by the osteoblast endothelin A receptor
Authors: Clines Gregory A , Mohammad Khalid S , Grunda Jessica M , Clines Katrina L , Niewolna Maria , McKenna C Ryan , McKibbin Christopher R , Yanagisawa Masashi , Suva Larry J , Chirgwin John M , Guise Theresa A 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor that also stimulates cells in the osteoblast lineage by binding to the endothelin A receptor (ETAR). ET-1 ligand is widely secreted, particularly by the vasculature. However, the contributions of ETAR signaling to adult bone homeostasis have not been defined. ETAR was inactivated in osteoblasts by crossing ETAR-floxed and osteocalcin-Cre mice. Histomorphometric analyses were performed on 4-, 8-, and 12-week-old osteoblast-targeted ETAR knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) male and female mice. Tibial trabecular bone volume was significantly lower from 12 weeks in KO versus WT mice in both males and females. Bone-formation rate, osteoblast density, and in vitro osteoblast differentiation were reduced by targeted inactivation of ETAR. A separate longitudinal analysis was performed between 8 and 64 weeks to examine the effect of aging and castration on bone metabolism in ETAR KO mice. Hypogonadism did not change the rate of bone accrual in WT or KO females. However, eugonadal KO males had a significantly larger increase in tibial and femoral bone acquisition than WT mice. Male mice castrated at 8 weeks of age showed the reverse: KO mice had reduced rates of tibial and femoral BMD acquisition compared with WT mice. In vitro, ET-1 increased osteoblast proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Dihydrotestosterone also increased osteoblast differentiation using a mechanism distinct from the actions of ET-1. These results demonstrate that endothelin signaling in osteoblasts is an important regulator of postnatal trabecular bone remodeling and a modulator of androgen effects on bone. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research