bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Standard Methods for Assessing Dietary Intake of Benzo[a]pyrene
Authors: Deziel Nicole C. , Strickland Paul T. , Platz Elizabeth A. , Abubaker Salahaddin , Buckley Timothy J. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Background: Inconsistent presence and strength of associations between dietary benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure and cancers may be due to differences in exposure assessment methods. Thus, we determined correlations of usual meat and BaP intake among three methods: food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), diet diaries, and a biomarker.
Methods: Thirty-six nonsmokers were recruited in Baltimore, MD during 2004–2005. Meat and BaP intake estimated from baseline and follow-up FFQs combined with a BaP residue database (FFQ-RD), mean meat and BaP intake estimated from three diet diaries coupled with the residue database (Diary-RD), and mean of three urinary 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG) measurements were compared using Spearman correlations. Collections spanned approximately nine months.
Results: BaP intakes from meat from the baseline [median = 6.4, interquartile range (IQR) = 13.9 ng/d] and follow-up FFQ-RD (median = 7.3, IQR = 35.7 ng/d) were higher than the Diary-RD (median = 1.1, IQR = 7.4 ng/d). Mean 1-OHPG concentration was weakly correlated with mean meat intake (r = 0.33, P = 0.05) and BaP intake from meat (r = 0.27, P = 0.11) from the Diary-RD. Mean BaP intake estimated from the Diary-RD was positively correlated with the follow-up (r = 0.35, P = 0.04) but not baseline (r = 0.20, P = 0.24) FFQ; the converse was true for meat intake.
Conclusions: Diary-RD estimates were supported by biomarker measurements, but considerable unexplained variability remained. Limited correlation among the dietary BaP exposure assessment methods could be due to differences in timeframes covered by the assessments, interpersonal variability in metabolism, deficiencies in the residue database, or nondietary exposures to BaP.
Impact: Limited correlation in estimated BaP intake among standard methods may contribute to inconsistent epidemiology of BaP and cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 962–70. ©2011 AACR.
Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Polymorphism rs2660753 Is Not Associated with Invasive Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Amankwah Ernest K. , Kelemen Linda E. , Wang Qinggang , Song Honglin , Chenevix-Trench Georgia , Beesley Jonathan , Webb Penelope M. , Pearce Celeste L. , Wu Anna H. , Pike Malcolm C. , Stram Daniel O. , Chang-Claude Jenny , Wang-Gohrke Shan , Ness Roberta B. , Goode Ellen L. , Cunningham Julie M. , Fridley Brooke L. , Vierkant Robert A. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Whittemore Alice S. , McGuire Valerie , Sieh Weiva , Gayther Simon A. , Gentry-Maharaj Aleksandra , Menon Usha , Ramus Susan J. , Rossing Mary Anne , Doherty Jennifer A. , Goodman Marc T. , Carney Michael E. , Lurie Galina , Wilkens Lynne R. , Krüger Kjær Susanne , Høgdall Estrid , Cramer Daniel W. , Terry Kathryn L. , Garcia-Closas Montserrat , Yang Hannah , Lissowska Jolanta , Anton-Culver Hoda , Ziogas Argyrios , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Berchuck Andrew , Pharoah Paul D.P. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Background: We previously reported an association between rs2660753, a prostate cancer susceptibility polymorphism, and invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC; OR = 1.2, 95% CI=1.0–1.4, Ptrend = 0.01) that showed a stronger association with the serous histological subtype (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.1–1.5, Ptrend = 0.003).
Methods: We sought to replicate this association in 12 other studies comprising 4,482 cases and 6,894 controls of white non-Hispanic ancestry in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium.
Results: No evidence for an association with all cancers or serous cancers was observed in a combined analysis of data from the replication studies (all: OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.9–1.1, Ptrend = 0.61; serous: OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.9–1.1, Ptrend = 0.85) or from the combined analysis of discovery and replication studies (all: OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 1.0–1.1, Ptrend = 0.28; serous: OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0–1.2, Ptrend = 0.11). There was no evidence for statistical heterogeneity in ORs across the studies.
Conclusions: Although rs2660753 is a strong prostate cancer susceptibility polymorphism, the association with another hormonally related cancer, invasive EOC, is not supported by this replication study.
Impact: Our findings, based on a larger sample size, emphasize the importance of replicating potentially promising genetic risk associations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 1028–31. ©2011 AACR.
Breast Cancer Incidence Rates in U.S. Women Are No Longer Declining
Authors: DeSantis Carol , Howlader Nadia , Cronin Kathleen A. , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Background: Several publications reported breast cancer incidence rates continued to decrease among white women, following the decline of about 7% from 2002 to 2003. However, none of these reports exclusively examined the trend after 2003. In this paper, we examined breast cancer incidence rates among non-Hispanic (NH) white women from 2003 to 2007 to determine whether the decrease in breast cancer incidence rates indeed persisted through 2007. In addition, we present breast cancer incidence trends for NH black and Hispanic women and postmenopausal hormone use for all three racial/ethnic groups.
Methods: Breast cancer incidence rates were calculated by race/ethnicity, age and ER status using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 12 registries for 2000 to 2007. Prevalence of postmenopausal hormone use was calculated using National Health Interview Survey data from 2000, 2005, and 2008.
Results: From 2003 to 2007, overall breast cancer incidence rates did not change significantly among NH white women in any age group. However, rates increased (2.7% per year) for ER+ breast cancers in ages 40 to 49, and decreased for ER− breast cancers in ages 40 to 49 and 60 to 69. Similarly, overall breast cancer incidence rates did not change significantly for black and Hispanic women. Hormone use continued to decrease from 2005 to 2008 in all groups, although the decreases were smaller compared to those from 2000 to 2005.
Conclusions: The sharp decline in breast cancer incidence rates that occurred from 2002 to 2003 among NH white women did not continue through 2007.
Impact: Further studies are needed to better understand the recent breast cancer trends. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 733–9. ©2011 AACR.
No Association between Telomere Length in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and the Risk of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
Authors: Liang Geyu , Qureshi Abrar A. , Guo Qun , De Vivo Immaculata , Han Jiali 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Background: Recent reports have shown that telomere length was associated with the risk of various cancers, but the results have been inconsistent.
Methods: We prospectively evaluated the association of telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes with the risk of skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 241 cases and 241 controls within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), and the risk of skin basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in 623 cases and 1,943 controls within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS).
Results: No significant association was observed between telomere length and risk of SCC (longest quartile vs. shortest quartile, OR = 1.09, 95%CI: 0.62–1.93, P = 0.81). Null findings were also observed between telomere length and risk of BCC in 2 independent sets (OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.49–1.87, P = 0.83; and OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.66–1.25, P = 0.39).
Conclusion: We found no evidence that telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes was associated with risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer.
Impact: Our prospective study suggests that telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes is less likely to play a substantial role in nonmelanoma skin cancer development. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 1043–5. ©2011 AACR.
Rotating Night Shift Work and Risk of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Poole Elizabeth M. , Schernhammer Eva S. , Tworoger Shelley S. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Background: Night shift work has been associated with higher risks of breast and endometrial cancer, but few studies have evaluated associations with other reproductive cancers.
Methods: We examined the association between rotating night shift work and risk of ovarian cancer during 20 years of follow-up in 181,548 women participating in two large cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. Number of years of rotating night shift work was queried in 1988 for NHS and in 1989, 1991, 1993, 2001, and 2005 for NHSII. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to model HRs and 95% CIs of ovarian cancer for each shift work category (1–2, 3–5, 6–9, 10–14, 15–19, and 20+ years).
Results: We confirmed 718 incident cases of ovarian cancer over 2,974,672 person-years of follow-up. Rotating shift work was not associated with ovarian cancer risk in either cohort individually. Combining both cohorts, compared with women without any night work, the HR for 15 to 19 years of rotating night shift work was 1.28 (95% CI: 0.84–1.94) and for 20+ years 0.80 (95% CI: 0.51–1.23).
Conclusions: In this large prospective study, there was no association between duration of rotating night shift work and risk of ovarian cancer.
Impact: Although associated with other cancers, night shift work does not appear to be associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer. However, further exploration of the association between melatonin and risk of ovarian cancer is warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 934–8. ©2011 AACR.
Intratumoral Administration of TLR4 Agonist Absorbed into a Cellular Vector Improves Antitumor Responses
Authors: Davis Meghan B. , Vasquez-Dunddel David , Fu Juan , Albesiano Emilia , Pardoll Drew , Kim Young J. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Because toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have been well characterized as dendritic cell (DC) activators, we hypothesized that the admixture of TLR4 agonist into a cellular vector could improve the antitumor response in vivo.
Experimental Design: Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor secreting whole cell tumor cell vector (GVAX) was formulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a TLR4 agonist, and its intratumoral therapeutic efficacy was tested in three different murine models. We utilized immunohistochemistry, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT), and in vivo CTL analysis to assess both local innate immune responses within the tumor tissue as well as the downstream generation of antitumor T-cell responses.
Results: Intratumoral treatment of LPS-absorbed GVAX showed efficacy in improving an antitumor response in vivo in comparison with GVAX alone. Improved antitumor efficacy of this novel admixture was not present in TLR4 signaling impaired mice. In the CT26 model, 40% to 60% of the mice showed regression of the transplanted tumor. When rechallenged with CT26 tumor cells, these mice proved to be immunized against the tumor. Tumors treated with TLR4 agonist–absorbed GVAX showed increased infiltrating CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as increased numbers of CD86+ cells in the tumor tissue. Draining lymph nodes from the treated mice had enhanced number of activated CD86+, MHCII+, and CD80+ DCs in comparison with GVAX alone and mock-treated groups. ELISPOT assay and in vivo CTL assay showed increased numbers of CTLs specific for the AH1 tumor antigen in mice treated with LPS-absorbed GVAX.
Conclusion: TLR4 on antigen-presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment may be targeted by using cell-based vectors for improved antitumor response in vivo. Clin Cancer Res; 17(12); 3984–92. ©2011 AACR.
Interaction of high-molecular-weight kininogen with endothelial cell binding proteins suPAR, gC1qR and cytokeratin 1 determined by Surface Plasmon Resonance (BiaCore)
Authors: Ghebrehiwet Berhane , Joseph Kusumam , Kao Alice , Bdeir Khalil , Cines Douglas , Pixley Robin , Espinola Ricardo , Colman Robert 
Published: May 2011

SummaryThe physiologic activation of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system requires the assembly of its constituents on a cell membrane. High-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) and cleaved HK (HKa) both interact with at least three endothelial cell binding proteins: urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), globular C1q receptor (gC1qR,) and cytokeratin 1 (CK1). The affinity of HK and HKa for endothelial cells are KD=7–52 nM. The contribution of each protein is unknown. We examined the direct binding of HK and HKa to the soluble extracellular form of uPAR (suPAR), gC1qR and CK1 using surface plasmon resonance. Each binding protein linked to a CM-5 chip and the association, dissociation and KD (equilibrium constant) were measured. The interaction of HK and HKa with each binding protein was zinc-dependent. The affinity for HK and HKa was gC1qR>CK1>suPAR, indicating that gC1qR is dominant for binding. The affinity for HKa compared to HK was the same for gC1qR, 2.6-fold tighter for CK1 but 53-fold tighter for suPAR. Complex between binding proteins was only observed between gC1qR and CK1 indicating that a binary CK1-gC1qR complex can form independently of kininogen. Although suPAR has the weakest affinity of the three binding proteins, it is the only one that distinguished between HK and HKa. This finding indicates that uPAR may be a key membrane binding protein for differential binding and signalling between the cleaved and uncleaved forms of kininogen. The role of CK1 and gC1qR may be to initially bind HK to the membrane surface before productive cleavage to HKa.
New oral anticoagulants in venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in orthopaedic patients: Are they really better?
Authors: Huo Michael 
Published: May 2011

SummaryProphylaxis against venous thromboembolism (VTE) is considered standard of care. Appropriate chemoprophylaxis for VTE has been mandated by the United States government agencies and consumer groups. However, controversies exist regarding the most clinically relevant and safe chemoprophylaxis protocols in patients undergoing joint replacement surgery. Thus, this paper reviews the clinical efficacy and safety of newer oral anticoagulants. A literature search was performed for oral anticoagulants in advanced stages of development using PubMed and abstracts from thrombosis meetings. Most clinical trial data have demonstrated equal or superior efficacy in venographic endpoints in comparison to low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH). However, bleeding complications have been reported to occur with oral anticoagulants as frequently as or more frequently than with LMWH. Other potential complications reported include liver enzyme elevation and cardiac irregularities. It remains to be established whether newer oral anticoagulants will be better alternatives to the current standard-ofcare in real-life medical clinical practice.
Aspirin failure in patients presenting with acute cerebrovascular ischaemia
Authors: Halawani Saeed H. M. , Williams David J. P. , Webster John , Greaves Michael , Ford Isobel 
Published: May 2011

SummaryAspirin is the most commonly used antiplatelet drug for prevention of ischaemic stroke. In order to determine the prevalence and nature of aspirin failure, we studied 51 adults admitted with suspected ischaemic stroke and already prescribed daily aspirin. Within 48 hours (h) of onset, blood and urine samples were collected to assess platelet aggregation, activation and aspirin response by a range of methods. All tests were then repeated on a second sample taken 24 h after witnessed administration of 75 mg or 150 mg aspirin. At entry to the study, incomplete response to aspirin, measured by arachidonic acid (AA)-stimulated platelet aggregation, was found in 43% of patients. Following in-hospital aspirin administration, there was a significant decrease in AA-aggregation (p=0.001) suggesting poor adherence to therapy prior to admission. However, residual aggregation (10–15%) persisted in 11 subjects – suggesting alternative causes. In incomplete responders on admission, platelet aggregation with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was significantly higher compared with responders (p<0.05) but there were no significant differences in collagen aggregation, platelet fibrinogen binding or P-selectin expression, plasma von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, or the urinary metabolite, 11-dehydro-TxB2. Incomplete platelet inhibition is common around the time of acute cerebrovascular ischaemic events in patients prescribed aspirin. Up to 50% of these observations appear due to incomplete adherence to aspirin therapy. Intervention studies are required to determine the clinical relevance of measured platelet response to aspirin in terms of outcome, and the effectiveness of improved pharmacotherapy for stroke prevention.
Higher mortality rate in patients hospitalised for acute pulmonary embolism during weekends
Authors: Imberti Davide , Ageno Walter , Dentali Francesco , Manfredini Roberto , Gallerani Massimo 
Published: May 2011

SummaryThe management of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is often challenging and requires specific medical expertise, diagnostic techniques and therapeutic options that may not be available in all hospitals throughout the entire week. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether or not an association exists between weekday or weekend admission and mortality for patients hospitalised with acute PE. Using routinely collected hospital administrative data, we examined patients discharged with a diagnosis of PE from the hospitals of the Emilia- Romagna Region in Italy (January 1999-December 2009). The risk of inhospital death was calculated for admissions at the weekend and compared to weekday admissions. Of a total of 26,560 PEs, 6,788 (25.6%) had been admitted during weekends. PE admissions were most frequent on Mondays (15.8%) and less frequent on Saturdays and Sun- days/holidays (12.8%) (p<0.001). Weekend admissions were associated with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality than weekday admissions (28% vs. 24.8%) (p<0.001). The risk of weekend admission and in-hospital mortality was higher after adjusting for sender, hospital characteristics, and the Charlson co-morbidity index. In conclusion, hospitalisation for PE on weekends seems to be associated with a significantly higher mortality rate than on weekdays. Further research is needed to investigate the reasons for this observed difference in mortality in order to try and implement future strategies that ensure an adequate level of care throughout the entire week.
Impact of the type of centre on management of AF patients: Surprising evidence for differences in antithrombotic therapy decisions
Authors: Gerth Andrea , Limbourg Tobias , Lewalter Thorsten , Goette Andreas , Wegscheider Karl , Treszl Andras , Meinertz Thomas , Oeff Michael , Ravens Ursula , Breithardt Günter , Steinbeck Gerhard , Kirchhof Paulus , Nabauer Michael ,   the AFNET
Published: May 2011

SummaryAtrial fibrillation (AF) patients may receive treatment from specialists or from general medicine physicians representing different levels of care within a structured health care system. This “choice” is influenced by patient flow within a health care system, patient preference, and individual access to health care resources. We analysed how the postgraduate training and work environment of treating physicians affects management decisions in AF patients. Patient characteristics and treatment decisions were analysed at the time of enrolment into the registry of the German Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET). A total of 9,577 patients were enrolled from 2004 to 2006 in 191 German centres that belonged to the following four levels of care: 13 tertiary care centres (TCC) enrolled 3,795 patients (39.6%), 58 district hospitals (DH) enrolled 2,339 patients (24.4%), 62 office-based cardiologists (OC) enrolled 2,640 patients (27.6%), and 58 general practitioners or internists (GP) enrolled 803 patients (8.4%). Patients with new-onset AF were often treated in DH. TCC treated younger patients who more often presented with paroxysmal AF. Older patients and patients in permanent AF more often received outpatient care. Consistent with recommendations, younger patients and patients with non-permanent AF received rhythm control therapy more often. In addition, the type of centre affected the decision for rhythm control. Stroke risk was similar between centre types (mean CHADS2 scores 1.6 –1.9). TCC (68.8%) and OC (73.6%) administered adequate antithrombotic therapy more often than DH (55.1%) or GP (52.0%, p<0.001 between groups). Upon multivariate analysis, enrolment by TCC or OC was associated with a 1.60 (1.20–2.12, p=0.001) fold chance for adequate antithrombotic treatment. This difference between centre types was consistent irrespective of the type of stroke risk estimation (ESC 2001 guidelines, CHADS2 score), and also consistent when the recently suggested CHA2DS2-VASc score was used to estimate stroke risk. In conclusion, management decisions in AF are influenced by the education and clinical background of treating physicians in Germany. Inpatients receive more rhythm control therapy. Adequate antithrombotic therapy is more often administered in specialist (cardiologist) centres.
Early Repolarization Pattern in Competitive Athletes
Authors: Noseworthy Peter A. , Weiner Rory , Kim Jonathan , Keelara Varsha , Wang Francis , Berkstresser Brant , Wood Malissa J. , Wang Thomas J. , Picard Michael H. , Hutter Adolph M. , Newton-Cheh Christopher , Baggish Aaron L. 
Published: May 2011

Background—
Inferior lead early repolarization pattern (ERP) recently has been associated with sudden cardiac death. Although ERP is common among athletes, prevalence, ECG lead distribution, clinical characteristics, and effects of physical training remain uncertain. We sought to examine the nonanterior ERP in competitive athletes.

Methods and Results—

ERP was assessed in a cross-sectional cohort of collegiate athletes (n=879). The relationship between ERP and cardiac structure were then examined in a longitudinal subgroup (n=146) before and after a 90-day period of exercise training. ERP was defined as J-point elevation ≥0.1 mV in at least 2 leads within a nonanterior territory (inferior [II, III, aVF] or lateral territory [I, aVL, V4-V6]). Nonanterior ERP was present in 25.1% (221/879) of athletes, including the inferior subtype in 3.8% (33/879). Exercise training led to significant increases in the prevalence of ERP and the inferior subtype, but there were no associations between ERP and echocardiographic measures of left ventricular remodeling. In a multivariable model, ERP was associated with black race (odds ratio [OR], 5.84; 95% CI, 3.54 to 9.61;
P
<0.001), increased QRS voltage (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.71 to 2.52;
P
<0.001), and slower heart rate (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.87;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Nonanterior ERP, including the inferior subtype, is common and has strong clinical associations among competitive athletes. The finding of increased ERP prevalence after intense physical training establishes a strong association between exercise and ERP.