bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 7th edition of TNM predicts survival of patients with ciliochoroidal melanoma
Authors: KUJALA E , DAMATO BE , COUPLAND SE , DESJARDINS L , BECHRAKIS NE , GRANGE JD , HARBOUR W , KIVELÄ T 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To document that staging ciliochoroidal melanoma by the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM 7th edition) system is reproducible between centres. Methods Data of 8252 patients (Berlin 689, Helsinki 270, Liverpool 3305, Lyon 473, Paris 3515) regarding tumour thickness, largest basal diameter, ciliary body and extrascleral extension were staged centre by centre. Stage‐specific survival was compared between centres using Kaplan‐Meier analysis and log rank test. Results Of these tumours, 21% (13‐25%) classified to stage I, 31% (28‐34%) to stage IIA , 23% (19‐32%) to stage IIB, 17% (16‐19%) to stage IIIA, 7% (5‐11%) to stage IIIB and 1% (0‐4%) to stage IIIC, respectively. The survival of patients treated in the five European ocular oncology centers differed significantly overall, probably because of differences in case mix and follow‐up. The survival did not differ significantly between centers in stage groups other than IA (P<0.014 and compared to P<0.013 in stage IIA, P<0.001 in IIB, P<0.001 in IIIA; P<0.001 in IIIB and P<0.003 in IIIC). The corresponding 5‐year survival rates for stages I, IIA‐B and IIIA‐C were 96% (87‐99% in 4 different centers), 89% (74‐93%), 82% (73‐85%), 67% (60‐81%), 46% (33‐61%) and 26% (12‐31%) by 5 years; and 88% (74‐89%), 80% (68‐82%), 68% (60‐65%), 45% (37‐53%), 28% (17‐33%) and 10% (7‐12%) by 10 years, respectively. In the fifth centre, the 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates were 82% and 74% even for Stage IIIB. Conclusion The first evidence‐based TNM classification of malignant ciliochoroidal melanoma equally predicts survival of patients in four of five different European ocular oncology centers regardless of their different case mix and preferred follow‐up and treatment practices.
Time course of diagnosis and treatment of uveal melanomas in a intraocular tumors unit
Authors: VICENTE TIERNO N , SAORNIL MA , GARCIA‐ALVAREZ C , ALMARAZ A , GIRALDO A , LOPEZ‐LARA F , DE FRUTOS J 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To analyze the time course of diagnosis and treatment of uveal melanomas in an ocular referral unit in a period of 20 years. Methods Prospectively collected data on consecutive patients diagnosed of uveal melanoma, from 1990 to 2010, were analyzed. Epidemiologic and general data, clinical and tumor characteristics at the time of diagnosis (visual acuity, activity signs, size and location) and treatment were collected in a Microsoft access database. Three periods were established: 1990‐2000, 2000‐2005 and 2005‐2010, in order to compare tumor characteristics and treatment. Statistical analysis was performed by Pearson’s Chi‐square test to compare differences. Results From a total of 378 patients 85 were diagnosed in the first period, 146 in the second, and 146 in the third one. Melanoma was diagnosed in a routine examination in 121 patients and in 248 cases due to the presence of symptoms, with a similar distribution in the three periods, p=0.206. Visual acuity (VA) showed a tendency to decrease along time, VA<=0.1 represented 25.9% of all the cases, being the first period 18.4% and 31% in the third one (p=.009). Tumor size and macular involvement tend to decrease, p<0.05. Activity signs showed no differences along time. The number of patients treated with brachytherapy has increased with 25.9% before 2000, up to 42.1% after 2006 (p=.001), showing a decrease in enucleation from 38.8% to 24.4% (p=.002) Conclusion The diagnosis of uveal melanoma is showing smaller tumors but with worse visual acuity it can not be explained by changes in size, macular involvement or activity signs. The increased conservative treatments are allowing to preserve eye and visual function.
Clear temporal corneal incision versus superior in cataract surgery: comparison corneal sensitive of nerve fibers
Authors: PESCE G , MACINAGROSSA G , MINERVA G , CANTATORE A , MONTRONE L , DE BELLIS A , DI GESU I , MONTRONE F , RICCHETTI R 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Purpose of this study was to observe the differences of corneal sensitive innervation with temporal or superior incision in cataract surgery. Most of the sensory nerve fibers are distributed in the cornea in the nasal and temporal regions; this one is the most frequent point of access for phacoemulsification cataract. Methods were observed 30 patients operated on for bilateral cataracts, aged between 50 and 75 years, both male and female.All patients had no other eye disease, had undergone previous surgery or presented with diabetes or hypertension.The operation was cataract phacoemulsification with implantation of intraocular lens.All patients were performed by an evaluation of the cornea with “ ConfoScan 3 Nidek” to analyze the innervation before and after surgery for cataract in different locations. Results Results we have at the moment tell us that the superior incision is less harmful for corneal sensitive nerve fibers. This result involves that patients have less ocular discomfort and pain in successive months. Conclusion This kind of surgery would be ideal to avoid a long and painful course to the patients, although this surgery approach is more difficult.
Spectroscopic features in relation to corneal hydration during excimer laser ablation
Authors: GINIS HS , MAKRIDAKI M , ANGLOS D , PALLIKARIS IG 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To record the spectrum emitted during excimer laser‐cornea interaction at fluences intensities resulting to ablation and investigate the relation between its spectroscopic features and corneal hydration. Methods Porcine corneas from eyes obtained from a local abattoir were used for the experiments. The corneal samples were de‐epithelialized and the stroma was irradiated with an ArF excimer laser (TuiLaser Braggstar 200, ArF ; λ=193 nm) The energy fluenc used varied between 180 to 250 mJ/cm2. Emission spectra for 6 hydration levels ranging from 78 to 92% were recorded. Results The spectra recorded real‐time during the laser‐tissue interaction imply the existence of plasma and molecular fluorescence while the atomic lines of Na and Ca were detected. Differences in the shape of the recorded spectra were observed for corneas at different hydration levels. It is hypothesized that this is due to the stronger molecular fluorescence emitted when over hydrated corneas are irradiated. Molecular fluorescence detected from over hydrated corneas was matched to the fluorescence spectra of tyrosin and tryptophane, 2 amino acids found in low concentration in collagen. Conclusion Differences in the intensity of molecular fluorescence were detected in the plume emitted when irradiating corneas at different hydration levels. This finding may find an application in the real‐time estimation of corneal hydration during refractive surgery
3D reconstruction of endothelial surface of organ‐cultured corneas to improve their quality control
Authors: THURET G , FERNANDES M , GAVET Y , PINOLI JC , PISELLI S , ACQUART S , GAIN P 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Corneal endothelium of organ cultured cornea forms a 3D surface because of corneal curvature and of the Descemetic folds (of hundreds of μm depth) that appear during storage. Eye bank technicians have therefore a risk of endothelial cell density (ECD) overestimation when counting on an image projection. Our aim is to develop a 3D reconstruction from a Z stack of images in order to take account of the local slope and increase ECD reliability Methods Z stacks of 35 images were acquired with a motorized light microscope (BX41, Olympus) through a x10 objective. After routine eye bank preparation with saline, EC appeared with a clear cytoplasm and dark borders but could locally show a contrast reversal. In each section, the best‐focused pixels were determined using focus measurement algorithms. Depth map and texture image were then separately generated and the 3D reconstruction was obtained by projecting the texture image onto the depth map. A new algorithm, based on projections onto eigenbases, was developed and compared to 5 existing algorithms. Comparison was done using 1/ simulated images with additive noises to assess the reliability and noise robustness 2/ true endothelial image Results The new algorithm exhibited a more robust behaviour in presence of noise than the other algorithms. 3D endothelial reconstructions were also visually better, especially in case of local contrast reversal Conclusion Using a technology easily transposable into an eye bank, a reliable 3D reconstruction is possible from routine images that are often of average quality with poor contrast and high background noise. Our next step is to integrate the local slope information to correct local ECD
Evaluation of unpreserved dexamethasone phosphate 0.1% versus placebo in patients with severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) due to Sjögren's syndrome (SS)
Authors: MANSOUR K , ZAAL MJ 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose KCS in SS is often associated with chronic inflammation. Moreover epithelial damage induces a release of local prostaglandins. Corticosteroids are potent inhibitors of many inflammatory pathways. Methods 21 patients were included in a double masked, intra‐individual comparison versus placebo, in patients with bilateral severe KCS due to SS. One drop of dexamethasone 0.1% was instilled in one eye tid during the first week of the study, bid during the following 2 weeks and qd during the last 2 weeks. One drop of placebo was instilled in the contra‐lateral eye with the same schedule. Patients attended 3 visits: D0, D7 and D35. A phone call was made on D70 to collect AEs and assess ocular discomfort. Symptomatology within the last 48h was evaluated on a VAS. Ocular symptoms and signs and safety were recorded at each visit. Results Both treatments resulted in a decrease of the patient’s ocular discomfort. At Day 35, a significant difference was found between the two treatments for the patient’s feeling of ocular discomfort, with better values under dexamethasone (p=0.007). No significant difference between treatments was observed on signs. But, the difference in Lissamine green total score between the 2 treatments almost reached statistical significance in favour of dexamethasone on D7 (p=0.056) and conjunctival hyperaemia improved faster with dexamethasone, as soon as D7. Investigators seemed to be more satisfied by the dexamethasone treatment both on Day 7 and Day 35. No statistically significant difference in overall tolerance assessments was observed between the two treatment groups. Conclusion Unpreserved dexamethasone 0.1% eye drops improve symptoms and signs due to KCS in SS.
Ulrastructural features of keratoconus cornea of 16 year old Saudi male and female patients
Authors: AKHTAR S , ABDELRAHMAN K , ALMUBRAD TM 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Prevalence of keratoconus in Saudi Arabia is very high. In the present study we investigated ultrastructural alteration in keratoconus cornea of 16 year old male and female patients. Methods The sixteen year old male and female Saudi patients underwent lamellae keratoplasty. The keratoconus corneas of the patients were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde containing cuprolinic blue in sodium acetate buffer and processed for electron microscopy. Results In both patients similar structural changes were observed. Epithelium was normal but hemidesmosomes degenerated in numerous places. Basement membrane was thin followed by degenerate Bowman’s layer (BW). Near the scar region, BW layer was replaced by fibrous pannus. Stromal lamellae undulated in most parts of the stroma. The lamellae in the anterior stroma were very steep and invaginating into the BW, pushing basal epithelial cells. There were microfilaments present within lamellae. Large amounts of large PGs were arranged around collagen fibrils of variable diameters. Degenerate keratocytes were embedded in between lamellae and contained PGs. In the middle stroma, parallel running lamellae were very thin. In the scar region, in the anterior stroma collagen fibrils were oriented (running) in random directions instead of running parallel. Conclusion Typical severe keratoconus changes were observed in our patients at a young age, which usually occurs in elderly keratoconus patients. These stromal changes could be due to a disorder in the synthesis of PGs which influence the organisation of collagen fibrils that results in weakening of lateral lamellar cohesion as has been reported previously.
Patterns of chromatic sensitivity loss in AMD and DB
Authors: O'NEILL‐BIBA M , SIVAPRASAD S , RODRIGUEZ M , WOLF JE , BARBUR JL 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Age‐Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and Diabetic Retinopathy are leading causes of blindness in developed countries in the aged and working population, respectively. Both diseases lead to slow changes in retinal cell structure and corresponding functional loss. The aim of this study was to detect and quantify the degree of acquired loss for both disease types through the use of sensitive visual assessment of chromatic sensitivity (CS). The patterns of loss in the two groups were compared and correlated with clinical indices of disease severity. Methods Subjects with various levels of retinopathy and maculopathy were recruited for the study. Red‐Green (RG) and Yellow‐Blue (YB) CS was measured in both disease groups and in age‐matched controls using the Colour Assessment and Diagnosis Test (CAD). Similar data measured in 330 normal trichromats provided the statistical limits for RG and YB CS. Results All AMD subjects exhibited YB CS loss in the initial stages of the disease. Unequal RG and YB losses were reported in advanced AMD, with YB being the most affected. Diabetic subjects (DB) on the other hand, showed almost equal RG and YB CS losses (r=0.98), irrespective of the type of diabetes or presence of retinopathy. The extent of CS loss as assessed with the CAD test, correlated well with disease severity in AMD subjects and with HbA1c levels in DB subjects. Conclusion Two distinct patterns of CS loss emerged from this study: AMD revealed predominantly tritan‐like losses while DB showed almost equal RG and YB CS loss, irrespective of disease severity. Results suggest that accurate assessment of chromatic discrimination provides a sensitive measure of retinal function and can be used to monitor disease progression or the effectiveness of treatment.
Biomechanical properties in healthy subjects with and without refractive errors. A comparative study
Authors: DEL BUEY MA , CRISTOBAL BESCOS JA , LAVILLA L , ASCASO FJ , MATEO OROBIA A , JIMENEZ B , RUIZ DE GOPEGUI E , PALOMINO C 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To determine in vivo corneal biomechanical properties in patients without refractive errors and patients with moderate‐high myopic and hyperopic spherical refractive errors. Methods A comparative study was carried out to measure Corneal Hysteresis (CH, mmHg) and Corneal Resistance Factor (CRF, mmHg) of 384 eyes of 201 patients classified in four groups. Moderate myopia (< 6 D, n=203), high myopia (> 6 D, n=43), moderate‐high hyperopia (> 2 D, n=62), and emetropic group (n=76). Corneal compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc),and Goldman correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) were also studied. Central corneal thickness (CCT, microns) was measured by ultrasonic pachymetry. Patients with ocular pathology or astigmatism greater than the spherical refractive error were not considered. A multiple‐comparison analysis was made to establish differences among the groups. Results Mean values were: CH= 10.59±1.52, CRF= 10.52±1.69 and CCT= 556.3 for the moderate myopia group, CH=10.04 ±1.55, CRF=10.23 ±1.82 and CCT=543.75 for the high myopia group, CH=11.16 ±1.88, CRF=10.69 ±2.07 and CCT=555.43 for the hyperopia group, CH=10.66 ±1.30 , CRF=10.48±1.14 and CCT=558.10 for the control group. Although these results of the biomechanical parameters showed higher values corresponding to the hyperopia group and lower to the myopia group, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion CH and CRF are greater in hyperopic patients in comparison with myopic and emetropic eyes. We do not find statistical significant differences between moderate myopia and high myopia. There are significant differences in CH between the high myopia and the hyperopia groups.
Refractive amblyopia and life quality
Authors: BOGDANICI CM , GAVRIL MM , BOGDANICI T 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To assess the quality of life in amblyopic children with refractive errors. Methods Prospective observational transversal study for 44 ambulatory pacients (88 eyes). Clinical parameters checked: visual acuity, binocular vision, (auto)‐refractometry, ophthalmoscopy, orthoptic exams. We used 46 questionnaires in 9 chapters. Results Age of study was: 8,19 ± 2,92 years (limits 4 ‐16 years) and age of first ophthalmological diagnosis was: 3,90 ± 2,15 years. Amblyopia moderate and severe was present in 47,72% for right eye and in 43,18% in left eye. Visual acuity (right eye) non‐corrected was 0,45 ± 0,31 and corrected was 0,63 ± 0,31, (p<0,0001). Visual acuity (left eye) non‐corrected was 0,49±0,33 and corrected 0,69±0,32, (p<0,0001). It wasn’t any difference between right and left eye. Questionnaires focused on child health, visual acuity, binocular vision, refraction, time for occlusion, penalization, child emotions / activity , family and society integration. Conclusion The sooner the amblyopia is diagnosed and treated, the better the results are regardless to the amblyopia type. Quality life questionnaires detect life or scholar problems of children with amblyopia and educate parents.
Accommodation response when changing spherical and chromatic aberration
Authors: WAHLBERG M , LINDSKOOG PETTERSSON A , BRAUTASET RL 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate accommodation response by changing two of the main directional cues for accommodation. This was done under mono‐ and polychromatic light while varying the amount of spherical aberration. Methods In this study twenty subjects with a mean age 25.0 ±2,37 SD participated. Spherical aberration was measured in the uncorrected eye and accommodation was measured with a PowerRefractor with trial frame correction and with a spherical aberration controlled contact lens (‐0.15μm). Accommodation stimuli of ‐2.0 D was used. The measurements were done in white and monochromatic light (580‐585 nm). Results The analysis showed no significant influence of either the tested amounts of spherical aberrations or having monochromatic light on response time, velocity or lag of accommodation. Conclusion The small change of spherical aberration did not affect accommodation response neither did change in chromatic aberration.
Evaluation of pupillary redilation after colored light stimulation in patients with outer retinal photoreceptor disease
Authors: LEON L , CRIPPA S , KAWASAKI A 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Stimulation with selective wavelength light has been used to preferentially activate the different types of retinal photoreceptors in humans and thus evoke a differential pupil response to red and blue light. Patients who have outer retinal photoreceptor disease with preserved inner retinal function show a loss of pupil contraction to bright red light and dim blue light. It is hypothesized that the greater inner retinal contribution to the pupil signal in these patients is also reflected in the pupillary re‐dilation after colored light stimulation. Methods Fourteen patients with retinitis pigmentosa were tested using a previously described stimulus paradigm using a long wavelength (red) or short wavelength (blue) light given as a continuous Ganzfeld stimulus with 3 stepwise increases in intensity over a 2 log‐unit range. The pupillary movement before, during and after the light stimulus was recorded in real‐time with an infrared illuminated video camera. Pupillary re‐dilation was measured using 2 parameters: acceleration during the initial 10 seconds after light termination and time‐to‐recover to 90% of baseline pupil size. Results The pattern of pupillary re‐dilation was varied. Some patients showed a prompt return to baseline size following either light stimulation with red or blue light, similar to that seen with normal subjects. Others showed a delayed pupillary re‐dilation either after red and blue light stimulation or after blue light stimulation only. Conclusion Analysis of the differential pupil response and the pattern of subsequent pupillary re‐dilation may be a novel method for identifying patients who have outer retinal photoreceptor dysfunction.
The genetics of corneal dystrophies
Authors: BLACK GCM 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To provide an overview of progress in understanding of the genetics of corneal dystrophies. Methods A systematic review, including case presentations, to illustrate insights into genes underlying inherited corneal dystrophies: Results Recent advances have extended our undestanding of the causation of a range of classical inherited corneal dystrophies. This includes the identifcation of genes underlying superficial (e.g Meesmann, KRT3/KRT12), stromal (BIGH3/TGFB1) and endothelial (SLC4A11, COL8A2) dysrophies. Understanding of less well‐recognised phenotypes (e.g brittle cornea syndrome) has also shed light on the regulation of corneal homeostasis including the control of corneal thickness. Conclusion Identification of the genes underlying corneal inherited disease improves diagnosis of corneal dysrophies, sheds light on disease mechanisms and has potential to improve patient management. In the futuire this will lead to new therapeutic modalities for an important group of conditions associated with significant visual loss.
The new IC3D nomenclature of corneal dystrophies
Authors: WEISS J 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Advances in genotyping have challenged the significance of the entities called the corneal dystrophies. Although the term corneal dystrophy typically refers to a group of inherited corneal disease that are bilateral, symmetric, slowly progressive and without relation to sytemic disease or environmental factors; exceptions to each part of the definition exist. Mutations in different genes can result in one phenotype and mutations in one gene can result in different allelic dystrophy phenotypes. The phenotypic classification system has become archaic. The International Committee on the Classification of Corneal Dystrophies (ICD3) was created in 2005 to revise the corneal dystrophy nomenclature. Methods A critical evaluation of the literature to remove inaccurate information and distil the facts was performed by an international panel of world experts including geneticists, pathologist and ophthalmologists. A template was created for each dystrophy which summarized the genetic, clinical and pathologic information with accompanying clinical photographs. Each dystrophy was reviewed to determine if there was an identified gene, gene locus and whether it was clinically well defined. Results The dystrophies were organized anatomically and each dystrophy was assigned a category from 1 to 4 indicating the level of evidence supporting the existence of a given dystrophy. Category 1‐ A well defined dystrophy with known gene locus and gene Category 2‐ A well defined dystrophy with known gene locus, unknown gene Category 3‐ A well defined dystrophy with unknown gene locus and gene Category 4‐ A poorly defined dystrophy with unknown gene locus and gene Conclusion The IC3D nomenclature system is available online at www.corneasociety.org in English and Spanish. A German translation has just been completed.