bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive controller design and disturbance attenuation for SISO linear systems with zero relative degree under noisy output measurements
Authors: Zeng Sheng , Pan Zigang , Fernandez Emmanuel 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we present robust adaptive controller design for SISO linear systems with zero relative degree under noisy output measurements. We formulate the robust adaptive control problem as a nonlinear H∞‐optimal control problem under imperfect state measurements, and then solve it using game theory. By using the a priori knowledge of the parameter vector, we apply a soft projection algorithm, which guarantees the robustness property of the closed‐loop system without any persistency of excitation assumption of the reference signal. Owing to our formulation in state space, we allow the true system to be uncontrollable, as long as the uncontrollable part is stable in the sense of Lyapunov, and the uncontrollable modes on the jω‐axis are uncontrollable from the exogenous disturbance input. This assumption allows the adaptive controller to asymptotically cancel out, at the output, the effect of exogenous sinusoidal disturbance inputs with unknown magnitude, phase, and frequency. These strong robustness properties are illustrated by a numerical example. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chitosan(chitin)/cellulose composite biosorbents prepared using ionic liquid for heavy metal ions adsorption
Authors: Sun Xiaoqi , Peng Bo , Ji Yang , Chen Ji , Li Deqian 
Published: June 2009

AbstractChitosan(chitin)/cellulose composites as biodegradable biosorbents were prepared under an environment‐friendly preparation processes using ionic liquids. Infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectra indicated the stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between chitosan and cellulose, and the hydroxyl and amine groups were believed to be the metal ion binding sites. Among the prepared biosorbents, freeze‐dried composite had higher adsorption capacity and better stability. The capacity of adsorption was found to be Cu(II) (0.417 mmol/g) > Zn(II) (0.303 mmol/g) > Cr(VI) (0.251 mmol/g) > Ni(II) (0.225 mmol/g) > Pb(II) (0.127 mmol/g) at the same initial concentration 5 mmol L−1. In contrast to some other chitosan‐type biosorbenrts, preparation and component of the biosorbent were obviously more environment friendly. Moreover, adsorption capacity of chitosan in the blending biosorbent could be fully shown. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Effect of molecular weight of poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) temperature‐sensitive flocculants on dewatering
Authors: Li Haihong , O'Shea John‐Paul , Franks George V. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe influence of molecular weight (MW) and dose of Poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) (temperature‐sensitive flocculant) on sedimentation rate, sediment density, and supernatant clarity of silica suspensions was investigated. The addition of PNIPAM resulted in rapid sedimentation (T > critical solution temperature, CST) and low sediment moisture (T < CST). Higher MW polymers resulted in more effective flocculation and sediment consolidation. At 10 ppm, PNIPAM (3.6 million Da) produced 20 m/h settling rate and 48 vol % solids sediment density, whereas 0.23 million Da polymer produced 0.1 m/h settling rate. PNIPAM produces effective flocculation and consolidation by cycling the interparticle interactions between repulsion and attraction as temperature is cycled around the CST. The change in temperature produces a hydrophilic/hydrophobic transition of the polymer, influencing adsorption onto the surface and the inter‐particle forces. Conventional polyacrylamide flocculants (not influenced by temperature), cannot be used to produce both rapid sedimentation and dense sediments. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Infant sex predicts breast milk energy content
Authors: Powe Camille E. , Knott Cheryl D. , Conklin‐Brittain Nancy 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDuring human evolutionary history, and for many around the world, breast milk is the primary source of nutritional energy for infants. Variation in breast milk quality might logically have important effects on infant health, growth, and development, yet the sources of this variation remain largely unelucidated. We quantified nutrient and energy content of breast milk from 25 healthy, well‐nourished Massachusetts mothers with infants aged 2–5 months. We examined several potential sources of variation in milk quality, particularly feeding patterns, infant sex, and maternal breast growth during pregnancy. After controlling for time since last feeding, a known correlate of milk composition, we found that mothers of male infants produced milk that had 25% greater energy content than mothers of female infants (P < 0.001). Change in maternal bra cup size during pregnancy was associated with 16.17 kcal/100 ml greater energy content of milk (P = 0.009), but was not significant after taking infant sex into account. Greater nutritional investment in sons may account for the greater observed growth rates in male compared to female infants. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Body frame dimensions are related to obesity and fatness: Lean trunk size, skinfolds, and body mass index
Authors: Henneberg Maciej , Ulijaszek Stanley J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe explore relationships between BMI and skinfolds and anthropometric variables reflecting variation in lean body frame. Data on the middle class adult Australian women (n = 1260) collected in 2002 during a National Body Size and Shape Survey were used. Standard measurements of stature, weight, skeletal dimensions (shoulder width, hip width, chest width, and depth, limb lengths), circumferences of head, trunk, limbs and triceps, subscapular and abdominal skinfolds were taken. Techniques for measurements of skeletal frame minimized the inclusion of adipose tissue thickness. Analysis of variance and parametric and nonparametric correlations were used. Vertical dimensions show weak correlations with fatness, while body frame circumferences and transverse dimensions are consistently, significantly, and substantially correlated with fatness, each explaining from 3 to 44% of variation in skinfold thickness. Skeletal dimensions explain up to 50% of variation in skinfold thickness (multiple regression). Especially high correlations with skinfold thickness occur for chest width, depth, and hip width (r range from 0.42 to 0.66). Body frame dimensions reflect largely trunk volume and the trunk/limb proportions. Larger lean trunk size is associated with greater fatness. Since the size of the abdominal cavity, and thus the gastrointestinal system (GI), is reflected in the trunk size, we speculate that larger frame may predispose to obesity in two ways: (1) larger stomachs require greater bulk of food to produce feeling of satiety as mediated through antral distension, (2) larger GIs may absorb more nutrients. Frame size may help to detect the risk of obesity among young adults. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Introduction of agriculture and its effects on women's oral health
Authors: Watson James T. , Fields Misty , Martin Debra L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study explores the dynamic relationship between the introduction of agriculture and its effects on women's oral health by testing the hypothesis that female reproductive physiology contributes to an oral environment more susceptible to chronic oral disease and that, in a population undergoing the foraging to farming transition, females will exhibit a higher prevalence of oral pathology than males. This is tested by comparing the presence, location, and severity of caries lesions and antemortem tooth loss across groups of reproductive aged and postreproductive females (n= 71) against corresponding groups of males (n= 71) in an Early Agricultural period (1600 B.C.–A.D. 200) skeletal sample from northwest Mexico. Caries rates did not differ by sex across age groups in the sample; however, females were found to exhibit significantly more antemortem tooth loss than males (P> 0.01). Differences were initially minimal but increased by age cohort until postreproductive females experienced a considerable amount of tooth loss, during a life stage when the accumulation of bodily insults likely contributed to dental exfoliation. Higher caries rates in females are often cited as the result of gender differences and dietary disparities in agricultural communities. In an early farming community, with diets being relatively equal, women were found to experience similar caries expression but greater tooth loss. We believe this differential pattern of oral pathology provides new evidence in support of theinterpretation that women's oral health is impacted by effects relating to reproductive biology. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adult health outcomes and their implications for experiences of childhood nutritional stress in Jamaica
Authors: Nelson Robin G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWith insights from the developmental origins of health and disease paradigm (DOHaD), this study explores the impact of childhood nutritional stress on adult health outcomes in Jamaica. Jamaica experienced a lengthy period of political and economic instability beginning in the postcolonial period of the early 1960s. This study tests whether decreased government spending on public resources and limited access to imported food products during the early postcolonial period will be reflected in increased adiposity and body mass index among Jamaican adults. Ethnographic and anthropometric data were collected from individuals born between 1958 and 1988. Variability in health outcomes was assessed using Z‐score values for body mass index and summed skinfold thickness measures. Age was employed as both a continuous and categorical independent variable. In partial correlation models controlling for economic status, body mass index values and summed skinfold thickness increased with age. Birth cohort and gender effects were also apparent. Women born between 1959 and 1968 had higher body mass index Z‐score values than younger women. Both men and women born between 1959 and 1968 had significantly higher skinfold thickness measures than younger individuals. Individuals born between 1959 and 1968 were children during the immediate postcolonial era in Jamaica. Experiences of nutritional stress during critical developmental periods may have contributed to the observed age‐related increases in adipose tissue and body mass index values. This study informs our understanding of the ways that fluctuations in the sociopolitical environment during development can mediate and contribute to poor adult health outcomes. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Review of disrupted sleep patterns in Smith–Magenis syndrome and normal melatonin secretion in a patient with an atypical interstitial 17p11.2 deletion
Authors: Boudreau Eilis A. , Johnson Kyle P. , Jackman Angela R. , Blancato Jan , Huizing Marjan , Bendavid Claude , Jones MaryPat , Chandrasekharappa Settara C. , Lewy Alfred J. , Smith Ann C.M. , Magenis R. Ellen 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSmith–Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a disorder characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and behavior problems, including abnormal sleep patterns. It is most commonly due to a 3.5 Mb interstitial deletion of chromosome 17 band p11.2. Secretion of melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, is the body's signal for nighttime darkness. Published reports of 24‐hr melatonin secretion patterns in two independent SMS cohorts (US and France) document an inverted endogenous melatonin pattern in virtually all cases (96%), suggesting that this finding is pathognomic for the syndrome. We report on a woman with SMS due to an atypical large proximal deletion (∼6Mb; cen<‐>TNFRSFproteinB) of chromosome band (17)(p11.2p11.2) who presents with typical sleep disturbances but a normal pattern of melatonin secretion. We further describe a melatonin light suppression test in this patient. This is the second reported patient with a normal endogenous melatonin rhythm in SMS associated with an atypical large deletion. These two patients are significant because they suggest that the sleep disturbances in SMS cannot be solely attributed to the abnormal diurnal melatonin secretion versus the normal nocturnal pattern. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exclusion of candidate genes in seven Turkish families with autosomal recessive amelogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Becerik Sema , Cogulu Dilsah , Emingil Gülnur , Han Ted , Hart P. Suzanne , Hart Thomas C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAmelogenesis imperfectas (AI) are a group of inherited defects of dental enamel formation that show both clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Seven Turkish families segregating autosomal recessive AI (ARAI) were evaluated for evidence of a genetic etiology of AI for the seven major candidate gene loci (AMBN, AMELX, ENAM, FAM83H, KLK4, MMP20, and TUFT1). Dental and periodontal characteristics of the affected members of these families were also described. The mean scores of DMFS and dfs indices were 9.7 and 9.6, respectively. The mean PPD was 2.2 mm and the percentage of the sites with plaque and BOP were 87.8% and 72.4%, respectively. The exons and intron/exon junctions of the candidate genes were sequenced and no gene mutations were identified in any individuals. These findings support the existence of an additional gene(s) that are etiologic for ARAI in these families. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Al‐Awadi/Raas‐Rothschild/Schinzel (AARRS) phocomelia syndrome: Case report and developmental field analysis
Authors: Subhani Muhammad , Akangire Gangaram , Kulkarni Archana , Wilson Golder N. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe describe a girl infant with anomalies of the left pelvis and lower limb (pelvic, femoral, and tibial hypogenesis with absent fibula), subtle facial changes, patent foraman ovale, single umbilical artery, single kidney, and imperforate anus. The external genitalia were asymmetric and ambiguous with normal uterus and ovaries visualized by ultrasound. The anomalies are compatible with previously reported cases of Al‐Awadi/Raas‐Rothschild/Schinzel (AARRS) phocomelia, an autosomal recessive disorder with WNT7 gene mutations documented in one family. We suggest that AARRS phocomelia, Fuhrmann syndrome, and similar conditions comprise a spectrum, and that the anomaly pattern derives from serial action of the same signal pathways within primary (e.g., the major axes), secondary (e.g., heart or limb primordia), and/or local (e.g., tibial–fibular differentiation) developmental fields. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is there epidemiologic evidence to support vascular disruption as a pathogenesis of gastroschisis?
Authors: Werler Martha M. , Mitchell Allen A. , Moore Cynthia A. , Honein Margaret A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractGastroschisis is a congenital defect of the abdominal wall that occurs most commonly in the offspring of young women. The defect is often hypothesized to result from vascular disruption in the early embryo. We measured the associations between maternal vasoactive exposures in pregnancy, as possible markers of vascular disruption, and gastroschisis risk, using data collected as part of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Study participants included mothers of births from October 1997 to December 2003 in 10 states. The mothers of 514 gastroschisis cases were matched by age at delivery and state to 3,277 non‐malformed controls and compared for periconceptional smoking and use of vasoconstrictors, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and vasodilators. Multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from conditional logistic regression. Case mothers were more likely than control mothers to smoke (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2–1.9) and report use of non‐aspirin NSAIDs (1.4, 1.1–1.7) and anti‐hypertensive vasodilators (2.6, 0.9–8.0), but not vasoconstrictive decongestants (1.0, 0.7–1.4). Cigarette smoking had little effect on gastroschisis risk in mothers <25 years of age, but the OR was 3.0 (1.8–5.0) for those ≥25 years. Likewise, ORs were greatest in the older women for use of non‐aspirin NSAIDs (1.6, 1.0–2.6) and bronchodilators (3.0, 1.8–5.0). These findings suggest that, overall, vasoactive risk factors play a minor role in the etiology of gastroschisis, and do not support the vascular disruption hypothesis. However, the observation that increased ORs for some vasoactive exposures were confined to older women raises the question of whether inherent maternal factors might influence risk. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High resolution genomic analysis of 18q− using oligo‐microarray comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH)
Authors: Heard Patricia L. , Carter Erika M. , Crandall AnaLisa C. , Sebold Courtney , Hale Daniel E. , Cody Jannine D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe advent of oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) has revolutionized diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities in the genetics clinic. This new technology also has valuable potential as a research tool to investigate larger genomic rearrangements that are typically diagnosed via routine karyotype. aCGH was used as a tool for the high‐resolution analysis of chromosome content in individuals with known deletions of chromosome 18. The aim of this study was to clarify the precise location of the breakpoints as well as to determine the presence of occult translocations creating additional deletions and duplications. One hundred eighty‐nine DNA samples from individuals with 18q deletions were analyzed. No breakpoint clusters were identified, as no more than two individuals had breakpoints within 2 kb of each other. Only two regions of 18q were never found to be haploid, suggesting the existence of haplolethal genes in those regions. Of the individuals with only a chromosome 18 abnormality, 17% (n = 29) had interstitial deletions. Six percent (n = 11) had a region of duplication immediately proximal to the deletion. Eight percent (n = 15) had more complex rearrangements with captured (non‐18q) telomeres thus creating a trisomic region. The 15 captured telomeres originated from a limited number of other telomeres (4q, 10q, 17p, 18p, 20q, and Xq). These data were converted into a format for ease of viewing and analysis by creating custom tracks for the UCSC Genome Browser. Taken together, these findings confirm a higher level of variability and genomic complexity surrounding deletions of 18q than has previously been appreciated. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular cytogenetic characterization of two cases with constitutional distal 11q duplication/triplication
Authors: Burnside Rachel D. , Lose Edward J. , Domínguez Maria G. , Sánchez‐Corona Jose , Rivera Horacio , Carroll Andrew J. , Mikhail Fady M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHere, we report two cases with isolated distal 11q rearrangement and multiple congenital anomalies. The first patient is a two‐and‐a‐half year old male referred to our genetics clinic due to dysmorphic features and developmental delay including speech delay. Using conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques, we demonstrate that he carries a recombinant chromosome with duplication of the 11q23.3q24.2 region resulting from an intrachromosomal insertion in the father. The second patient was originally reported by Partida‐Perez, et al. [Partida‐Perez et al., 2006] as having a tandem duplication of the 11q23.3 region. We performed array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on this patient in order to map the exact region of the duplication, and demonstrated that the patient actually had a triplication within 11q23.3. We compare the clinical features of our two patients with those previously reported to further delineate the phenotype of isolated distal 11q duplication. Our study also demonstrates the clinical usefulness of whole genome high resolution aCGH analysis as a powerful molecular cytogenetic tool capable of detecting genomic imbalances due to cytogenetically visible but uncertain rearrangements. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic counseling and cardiac care in predictively tested hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation carriers: The patients' perspective
Authors: Christiaans Imke , van Langen Irene M. , Birnie Erwin , Bonsel Gouke J. , Wilde Arthur A.M. , Smets Ellen M.A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common hereditary heart disease associated with sudden cardiac death. Predictive genetic counseling and testing are performed using adapted Huntington guidelines, that is, psychosocial care and time for reflection are not obligatory and the test result can be disclosed by telephone or mail. Proven mutation carriers detected by predictive DNA testing are advised to undergo regular cardiac follow‐up according to international guidelines. We evaluated the opinion of 143 predictively tested HCM mutation carriers on received cardiogenetic care using questionnaires (response rate 86%). Predictive genetic counseling and DNA testing were evaluated on four domains: information provision, satisfaction with counseling, social pressure in DNA testing and regret of DNA testing. Opinions on cardiac follow‐up were assessed pertaining to communication, nervous anticipation, reassurance, and general disadvantages. Genetic counseling was valued positively and only four carriers would rather not have known that they were a mutation carrier. A majority received their DNA test result by mail or telephone, and almost all were satisfied. Only 76% of carriers received regular cardiac follow‐up. Those who did, had a positive attitude regarding the cardiac visits. General disadvantages of the visits were valued as low, especially by older carriers, men and carriers with manifest HCM. We conclude that our adapted Huntington guidelines are well accepted and that cardiogenetic care is generally appreciated by predictively tested HCM mutation carriers. To better understand the cause of the substantial portion of mutation carriers not receiving regular cardiac follow‐up, although recommended in international guidelines, further research is needed. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family‐based association study of Neuregulin 1 with psychotic bipolar disorder
Authors: Goes Fernando S. , Willour Virginia L. , Zandi Peter P. , Belmonte Pamela L. , MacKinnon Dean F. , Mondimore Francis M. , Schweizer Barbara ,   Bipolar Disorder Phenome Group, NIMH Genetics Initiative Bipolar Disorder Consortium, Gershon Elliot S. , McMahon Francis J. , Potash James B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Neuregulin 1 gene (NRG1) has been associated with schizophrenia, and, to a lesser extent, with bipolar disorder (BP). We investigated the association of NRG1 with BP in a large family sample, and then performed analyses according to the presence of psychotic features or mood‐incongruent psychotic features. We genotyped 116 tagSNPs and four Icelandic “core” SNPs in 1,199 subjects from 314 nuclear families. Of 515 BP offspring, 341 had psychotic features, and 103 had mood‐incongruent psychotic features. In single‐marker and sliding window haplotype analyses using FBAT, there was little association using the standard BP or mood‐incongruent psychotic BP phenotypes, but stronger signals were seen in the psychotic BP phenotype. The most significant associations with psychotic BP were in haplotypes within the 5′ “core” region. The strongest global P‐value was across three SNPs: NRG241930‐NRG243177‐rs7819063 (P = 0.0016), with an undertransmitted haplotype showing an individual P = 0.0007. The most significant individual haplotype was an undertransmitted two‐allele subset of the above (NRG243177‐rs7819063, P = 0.0004). Additional associations with psychotic BP were found across six SNPs in a 270 kb central region of the gene. The most 3′ of these, rs7005606 (P = 0.0029), is located ∼4 kb from the type I NRG1 isoform promoter. In sum, our study suggests that NRG1 may be specifically associated with the psychotic subset of BP; however, our results should be interpreted cautiously since they do not meet correction for multiple testing and await independent replication. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.