bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of aberrantly glycosylated Mucin‐1 in ovarian cancer
Authors: Van Elssen Catharina H M J , Frings Peter W H , Bot Freek J , Van de Vijver Koen K , Huls Mariska B , Meek Bob , Hupperets Pierre , Germeraad Wilfred T V , Bos Gerard M J 
Published: October 2010

Van Elssen C H M J, Frings P W H, Bot F J, Van de Vijver K K, Huls M B, Meek B, Hupperets P, Germeraad W T V & Bos G M J (2010) Histopathology57, 597–606 Expression of aberrantly glycosylated Mucin‐1 in ovarian cancerAims:  Mucin 1 (MUC1) is an important tumour‐associated antigen (TAA), both overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated in adenocarcinomas. The aim of this study was to examine the MUC1‐glycosylation status of primary ovarian adenocarcinomas and metastatic lesions.Methods and results:  Paraffin‐embedded tissue sections of 37 primary ovarian adenocarcinomas representing all histotypes (22 serous, five mucinous, two clear‐cell, eight endometrioid), four serous borderline tumours with intraepithelial carcinoma, seven sections of ovarian endometriosis and 13 metastatic lesions were analysed by immunohistochemistry. Non‐neoplastic ovarian surface epithelium and serous cystadenomas were used as controls. All epithelia expressed MUC1 protein. Of primary tumours, 76% expressed the differentiation‐dependent glycoform and 84% the cancer‐associated glycoform (Tn/Sialyl‐Tn‐epitopes). In metastatic lesions this was 77% and 85%, respectively. Notably, in 57% of ovarian endometriosis and 75% of intraepithelial lesions, the cancer‐associated MUC1 epitopes were expressed, whereas normal ovarian surface epithelium and serous cystadenomas did not express these epitopes.Conclusions:  The underglycosylated MUC1 epitopes are expressed by all histotypes of primary ovarian adenocarcinomas, by the vast majority of metastatic lesions and by possible ovarian cancer precursor lesions, but not by normal ovarian tissue. These results indicate that MUC1‐associated Tn/STn‐epitopes are important targets for immunotherapy and diagnostic imaging in ovarian cancer patients.
Lack of RUNX3 inactivation in columnar cell lesions of breast
Authors: Subramaniam Manish Mani , Chan Jason Yongsheng , Omar Mohd Feroz Mohd , Ito Kosei , Ito Yoshiaki , Yeoh Khay Guan , Salto‐Tellez Manuel , Putti Thomas Choudary 
Published: October 2010

Subramaniam M M, Chan J Y, Omar M F M, Ito K, Ito Y, Yeoh K G, Salto‐Tellez M & Putti T C (2010) Histopathology57, 555–563 Lack of RUNX3 inactivation in columnar cell lesions of breastAims:  Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) exhibit frequent RUNX3 inactivation by promoter hypermethylation and protein mislocalization. The aim of this study was to analyse columnar cell lesions (CCLs) to further characterize RUNX3 involvement in breast carcinogenesis.Methods and results:  RUNX3 expression and methylation was analysed by immunohistochemistry and methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively, in 75 CCLs. Our previously reported DCIS and IDC data were also included. Consistent with terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs) (73 of 75, 97%), active nuclear RUNX3 protein was observed in 73 of 75 (97%) CCLs [columnar cell change, 46 of 48 (96%); columnar cell hyperplasia, 12 of 12 (100%) and flat epithelial atypia, 15 of 15 (100%). In contrast to matched TDLUs from cancer specimens [four of 40 (10%)] and CCLs, significantly inactivated RUNX3 expression was detected in DCIS [17 of 20 (85%)] and IDC [18 of 20 (90%)] (all P < 0.001). RUNX3 methylation was more frequent in DCIS [15 of 20 (75%)] and IDC [16 of 20 (80%)] than CCLs [(none of 20 (0%)] and matched TDLUs [one of 10 (10%)] from cancer patients (all P < 0.001).Conclusions:  RUNX3 inactivation occurs specifically in DCIS and IDC cells. In addition, RUNX3 inactivation may not be a common association between CCLs and breast carcinomas.
A large trophic quilt
Authors: Lewinsohn Thomas M. 
Published: October 2010

image

[ Assembling a tropical plant‐herbivore web requires thousands of person‐hours of field sampling and rearing, and thousands more to mount, sort and when possible identify hundreds of different herbivorous species. The decision, early on, to organize a stable team of highly involved and committed parataxonomists [Y. Basset et al. (2000) Bioscience, 50, 899‐908], who attend to these massive routines, was as essential to the entire enterprise as the engagement of expert taxonomists to cover major groups of herbivorous insects. Image credit: New Guinea Binatang Research Center. ]V. Novotny, S. E. Miller, L. Baje, S. Balagawi, Y. Basset, L. Cizek, K.J. Craft, F. Dem, R.A.I. Drew, J. Huclr, J. Leps, O.T. Lewis, R. Pokon, A.J.A. Stewart, G.A. Samuelson & G.D. Weiblen (2010) Guild‐specific patterns of species richness and host specialization in plant–herbivore food webs from a tropical forest. Journal of Animal Ecology, 79, 1193–1203. Plants and invertebrate herbivores are major constituents of terrestrial food webs. Identifying component species and tracing their interactions in highly diverse communities are a monumental task. Novotny et al. 2010 present the first broad conspectus of herbivore–plant interactions in a forest in Papua New Guinea. In more than 15 years, nearly 7000 feeding links were traced between about 200 plants and 1500 insect herbivores. Although staggering, these figures might represent only 15% of the total herbivore richness and interaction diversity in that lowland forest. Standardized comparisons also showed distinctive specialization and diversification patterns in different feeding guilds, restricting the possibility of using any single guild as surrogate for the entire assemblage.
Viewpoint: Economic evaluation of package of care interventions employing clinical guidelines
Authors: Barasa Edwine W. , English Mike 
Published: October 2010

SummaryIncreasingly attention is shifting towards delivering essential packages of care, often based on clinical practice guidelines, as a means to improve maternal, child and newborn survival in low‐income settings. Cost effectiveness analysis (CEA), allied to the evaluation of less complex intervention, has become an increasingly important tool for priority setting. Arguably such analyses should be extended to inform decisions around the deployment of more complex interventions. In the discussion, we illustrate some of the challenges facing the extension of CEA to this area. We suggest that there are both practical and methodological challenges to overcome when conducting economic evaluation for packages of care interventions that incorporate clinical guidelines. Some might be overcome by developing specific guidance on approaches, for example clarity in identifying relevant costs. Some require consensus on methods. The greatest challenge, however, lies in how to incorporate, as measures of effectiveness, process measures of service quality. Questions on which measures to use, how multiple measures might be combined, how improvements in one area might be compared with those in another and what value is associated with improvement in health worker practices are yet to be answered.
Predictive diagnostic value of the tourniquet test for the diagnosis of dengue infection in adults
Authors: Mayxay Mayfong , Phetsouvanh Rattanaphone , Moore Catrin E , Chansamouth Vilada , Vongsouvath Manivanh , Sisouphone Syho , Vongphachanh Pankham , Thaojaikong Thaksinaporn , Thongpaseuth Soulignasack , Phongmany Simmaly , Keolouangkhot Valy , Strobel Michel , Newton Paul N. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryObjective  To examine the accuracy of the admission tourniquet test in the diagnosis of dengue infection among Lao adults.Methods  Prospective assessment of the predictive diagnostic value of the tourniquet test for the diagnosis of dengue infection, as defined by IgM, IgG and NS1 ELISAs (Panbio Ltd, Australia), among Lao adult inpatients with clinically suspected dengue infection.Results  Of 234 patients with clinically suspected dengue infection on admission, 73% were serologically confirmed to have dengue, while 64 patients with negative dengue serology were diagnosed as having scrub typhus (39%), murine typhus (11%), undetermined typhus (12%), Japanese encephalitis virus (5%), undetermined flavivirus (5%) and typhoid fever (3%); 25% had no identifiable aetiology. The tourniquet test was positive in 29.1% (95% CI = 23.2–34.9%) of all patients and in 34.1% (95% CI = 27.0–41.2%) of dengue‐seropositive patients, in 32.7% (95% CI = 23.5–41.8) of those with dengue fever and in 36.4% (95% CI = 24.7–48.0) of those with dengue haemorrhagic fever. Interobserver agreement for the tourniquet test was 90.2% (95% CI = 86.4–94.0) (Kappa = 0.76). Using ELISAs as the diagnostic gold standard, the sensitivity of the tourniquet test was 33.5–34%; its specificity was 84–91%. The positive and negative predictive values were 85–90% and 32.5–34%, respectively.Conclusions  The admission tourniquet test has low sensitivity and adds relatively little value to the diagnosis of dengue among Lao adult inpatients with suspected dengue. Although a positive tourniquet test suggests dengue and that treatment of alternative diagnoses may not be needed, a negative test result does not exclude dengue.
Ryanodine receptors selectively contribute to the formation of taste‐evoked calcium signals in mouse taste cells
Authors: Rebello Michelle R. , Medler Kathryn F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe peripheral taste system uses multiple signaling pathways to transduce a stimulus into an output signal that activates afferent neurons. All of these signaling pathways depend on transient increases in intracellular calcium, but current understanding of these calcium signals is not well developed. Using molecular and physiological techniques, this study establishes that ryanodine receptors (RyRs), specifically isoform 1, are expressed in taste cells and that their physiological function differs among cell types employing different signaling pathways. RyR1 contributes to some taste‐evoked signals that rely on calcium release from internal stores but can also supplement the calcium signal that is initiated by opening voltage‐gated calcium channels. In taste cells expressing both signaling pathways, RyR1 contributes to the depolarization‐induced calcium signal but not to the calcium signal that depends on calcium release from stores. These data suggest that RyR1 is an important regulator of calcium signaling and that its physiological role in taste cells is dictated by the nature of the calcium signaling mechanisms expressed.
Diagnostic performance of chromoendoscopy and narrow band imaging for colonic neoplasms: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Kobayashi Y. , Hayashino Y. , Jackson J. L. , Takagaki N. , Hinotsu S. , Kawakami K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim  We conducted a meta‐analysis to compare the diagnostic test performance of chromoendoscopy and narrow band imaging (NBI) for colonic neoplasms.Method  MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched (1966 to March 2009). Articles were included if: (i) chromoendoscopy or NBI was used, (ii) sensitivity and specificity were reported; (iii) absolute numbers of true‐positive, false‐positive, true‐negative and false‐negative results were provided or could be calculated; and (iv) pathology was used as the reference standard. Sensitivity and specificity were pooled using random effects model. Secondary analyses were conducted by limiting the studies in which magnifying endoscopy was used alone as a diagnostic modality, and polyp size and macroscopic appearance of lesions were not considered.Results  Of 1342 screened articles, 27 met the inclusion criteria. Pooled sensitivity for chromoendoscopy and NBI was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.92–0.95) and 0.94 (0.91–0.97), and specificity was 0.82 (0.77–0.88) and 0.86 (0.83–0.89), respectively. There were no differences in sensitivity (P = 0.99) or specificity (P = 0.54) between the two methods. In the secondary analysis, pooled sensitivity for choromoendoscopy and NBI was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.90–0.97) and 0.96 (0.93–0.99) and specificity was 0.80 (0.73–0.87) and 0.85 (0.78–0.92). respectively. Overall, the pooled false‐negative rate was 0.057 (95% CI, 0.040–0.73) for chromoendoscopy and 0.057 (95% CI, 0.028–0.085) for NBI.Conclusion  Chromoendoscopy and NBI had similar diagnostic test characteristics in the assessment of colonic neoplasms; however, the false‐negative rate for both methods of 5.7% is an unacceptably high rate and currently therefore, neither method is ready for general use.
Emotional Prosperity and the Stiglitz Commission
Authors: Oswald Andrew J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article argues — in line with the proposals of the recent Stiglitz Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress — that we should now be measuring a nation's emotional prosperity rather than its economic prosperity (i.e. we ought to focus on the level of mental well‐being, not on the number of pounds in people's bank accounts). The article reviews recent ideas in this field. It also describes seven recent studies that, worryingly, suggest that emotional prosperity may be declining through time. For labour‐market specialists, a key question for future research is how much this downward trend can be traced back to increased pressures in working life. That question currently remains open.
Characterization of β‐adrenoceptor‐mediated relaxation signals in isolated pulmonary artery of Dahl salt‐sensitive hypertensive and normotensive rats
Authors: Ford C. A. , Mahajan P. , Tabrizchi R. 
Published: October 2010

Summary1 Relaxant responses to isoprenaline (ISO) were studied in the pulmonary arteries of normotensive and hypertensive Dahl salt‐sensitive rats. Rats were fed either a high‐salt (4.0%) or low‐salt (0.14%) diet for 5 weeks. Animals fed a high‐salt diet (167/123 ± 2/2 mmHg) had a significantly higher blood pressure compared to those fed a low‐salt diet (127/87 ± 2/2 mmHg).2 Isoprenaline‐elicited relaxations were not significantly different in tissues from hypertensive compared to normotensive animals. Responses to ISO were significantly attenuated in denuded tissues and substantially more so in hypertensive compared to normotensive animals. While relaxant responses to ISO were resistant to inhibition byNω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester, indomethacin, glibenclamide or a combination of barium chloride and ouabain, they were inhibited by Rp‐cAMP, anandamide and acidic buffer. The inhibitory impact of anandamide and acidic buffer was significantly greater in tissues from hypertensivevs.normotensive rats.3 The resting membrane potential (Em) of smooth muscle cells was −67.0 ± 0.7 mV (n = 43 cells) and −66.6 ± 0.8 mV (n = 55 cells) in pulmonary arteries from hypertensive and normotensive rats, respectively. Isoprenaline produced hyperpolarization ofEmwhich was significant in the blood vessels of hypertensive (−71.6 ± 0.8 mV;n = 29 cells) but not normotensive (−68.1 ± 0.7 mV;n = 49 cells) rats.4 The endothelium plays a critical role in β‐adrenoceptor‐mediated relaxation but nitric oxide is not the mediator for the response. It is possible that the greater hyperpolarization caused by ISO in blood vessels from hypertensive compared to normotensive rats is mediated by activation of TASK‐1 channels.
The Impact of Financial Reporting Quality on Debt Contracting: Evidence from Internal Control Weakness Reports
Authors: COSTELLO ANNA M. , WITTENBERG‐MOERMAN* REGINA 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTWe examine the effect of financial reporting quality on the trade‐off between monitoring mechanisms used by lenders. We rely on Sarbanes‐Oxley internal control reports to measure financial reporting quality. We find that when a firm experiences a material internal control weakness, lenders decrease their use of financial covenants and financial‐ratio‐based performance pricing provisions and substitute them with alternatives, such as price and security protections and credit‐rating‐based performance pricing provisions. We also find that changes in debt contract design following internal control weaknesses are substantially different from those following restatements, where lenders impose tighter monitoring on managers’ actions, but do not decrease their use of financial statement numbers.
Altered aquaporin expression and role in apoptosis during hepatic stellate cell activation
Authors: Lakner Ashley M. , Walling Tracy L. , McKillop Iain H. , Schrum Laura W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground: Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are effector cells of hepatic fibrosis contributing to excessive collagen deposition and scar matrix formation. Sustained HSC activation leads to hepatic cirrhosis, a leading cause of liver‐related death. Reversal of hepatic fibrosis has been attributed to the induction of HSC apoptosis. Aquaporins (AQPs) are critical proteinacious channels that mediate cellular water loss during the initiation and progression of apoptosis.Aims: This study examined AQP expression in quiescent and activated HSCs and determined the responsiveness to AQP‐dependent apoptosis.Methods: Aquaporin gene and protein expressions in quiescent and activated HSCs were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. AQP function was determined by cell swelling and apoptotic assays in the absence and presence of HgCl2, a non‐specific AQP inhibitor.Results: In this study, we report that activated HSCs showed no detectable expression of AQP 1, 5, 8, 9 and 12 mRNAs but expression was observed in quiescent HSCs. Similarly, AQP 0, 1, 8 and 9 protein was not detected in activated HSCs but was measured in quiescent HSCs. Dual fluorescent immunohistochemistry confirmed that AQP expression is decreased in activated HSCs in a model of liver injury. Functional studies demonstrated that quiescent HSCs were highly susceptible to osmotic challenge and apoptotic stimulus, whereas activated HSCs were less responsive. Finally, apoptosis was abrogated by the inhibition of AQP‐dependent water movement.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that increased resistance to apoptosis in activated HSCs is due, at least in part, to the changes in AQP expression and function that occur following HSC activation.
Relationship Between Arrhythmogenic Pulmonary Veins and the Surrounding Atrial Substrate in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: SUENARI KAZUYOSHI , LIN YENN‐JIANG , CHANG SHIH‐LIN , LO LI‐WEI , HU YU‐FENG , TUAN TA‐CHUAN , HUANG SHIH‐YU , TAI CHING‐TAI , NAKANO YUKIKO , KIHARA YASUKI , TSAO HSUAN‐MING , WU TSU‐JUEY , CHEN SHIH‐ANN 
Published: October 2010

Arrhythmogenic PVs and the Fibrillatory Activities. Introduction: The relationship between pulmonary veins (PVs) with atrial fibrillation (AF) initiating triggers and their surrounding atrial substrate has not been elucidated. We aimed to clarify the atrial substrate properties around the PVs.
Methods and Results:
Twenty‐three paroxysmal AF patients were studied with the identification of PV initiating triggers. High‐density mapping of the dominant frequency (DF, 1200 Hz) and the mean degree of the complex fractionated electrograms (CFE mean interval over 6 seconds) was evaluated in 2 zones (zone 1: < 5 mm, zone 2: 5–15 mm from the PVs) and the left atrial (LA) using a NavX system prior to the PV isolation. High‐DFs (>8 Hz) and continuous CFEs (<50 ms) were identified in 1.5 ± 0.9 and 2.3 ± 1.1 regions per patient, respectively. Most of the high‐DF regions (86%) and continuous CFE regions (77%) were located within 15 mm of the PV ostia. Of those, 75% of the high‐DF regions and 54% of the continuous CFE regions were related to arrhythmogenic PVs. There was a significant DF gradient from arrhythmogenic PV zone 1 to zone 2, while the mean CFE exhibited a significant gradient between arrhythmogenic PV zone 2 and the rest of the LA. Additionally, 69% of the procedural AF termination sites were at arrhythmogenic PV zone 2.
Conclusion:
Evaluation of the atrial substrate properties may be useful for locating arrhythmogenic PVs during AF and defining the extent of the circumferential PV isolation. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 22, pp. 405‐410)
Macro–micro feedback links of water management in South Africa: CGE analyses of selected policy regimes
Authors: Hassan Rashid , Thurlow James 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe pressure on an already stressed water situation in South Africa is predicted to increase significantly under climate change, plans for large industrial expansion, ongoing rapid urbanization, and government programs to provide access to water to millions of previously excluded populations. This article employs a general equilibrium approach to examine the economy‐wide impacts of selected macro and water‐related policy reforms on water use and allocation, rural livelihoods, and economy at large. The analyses reveal that implicit crop‐level water quotas reduce the amount of irrigated land allocated to higher‐value horticultural crops and create higher shadow rents for production of lower‐value water‐intensive field crops, such as sugarcane and fodder. Accordingly, liberalizing local water allocation within irrigation agriculture is found to work in favor of higher‐value crops, and expand agricultural production and exports and farm employment. Allowing for water trade between irrigation and nonagricultural uses fuelled by higher competition for water from urbanization leads to greater water shadow prices for irrigation water with reduced income and employment benefits to rural households and higher gains for nonagricultural households. The analyses show difficult trade‐offs between general economic gains and higher water prices, which place serious questions on subsidizing water supply to irrigated agriculture, i.e., making irrigation subsidies much harder to justify.
Ethnic inequity in neonatal survival: a case‐referent study in northern Vietnam
Authors: Målqvist Mats , Nga Nguyen Thu , Eriksson Leif , Wallin Lars , Hoa Dinh Phuong , Persson Lars Åke 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim:  In this study from Quang Ninh province in northern Vietnam (sub‐study of the trial Neonatal Health – Knowledge into Practice, NeoKIP, ISRCTN 44599712), we investigated determinants of neonatal mortality through a case‐referent design, with special emphasis on socio‐economic factors and health system utilization.Methods:  From July 2008 until December 2009, we included 183 neonatal mortality cases and 599 referents and their mothers were interviewed.Results:  Ethnicity was the main socio‐economic determinant for neonatal mortality (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.39–3.10, adjusted for mothers’ education and household economic status). Health system utilization before and at delivery could partly explain the risk elevation, with an increased risk of neonatal mortality for mothers who did not attend antenatal care and who delivered at home (OR 4.79, 95% CI 2.98–7.71). However, even if mothers of an ethnic minority attended antenatal care or delivered at a health facility, the increased risk for this group was sustained.Conclusion:  Our study demonstrates inequity in neonatal survival that is related to ethnicity rather than family economy or education level of the mother and highlights the need to include the ethnic dimension in the efforts to reduce neonatal mortality.