bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productivity and forage quality of a phytodiverse semi-natural grassland *under various management regimes
Authors: From Tatiana , Petersen Ute , Isselstein Johannes 
Published: November 2011

AbstractGrassland management experiment (GrassMan) was set up in 2008 on a permanent semi-natural grassland in the Solling uplands, Germany. The main research focus is on the ecosystem functioning of the phytodiverse grassland (e.g. productivity and forage quality, water and nutrient fluxes). The aim of our study was to analyse the effects of vegetation composition and functional diversity on productivity and forage quality of the semi-natural permanent grassland. Variation in sward composition was achieved by herbicide application and resulted in three sward types: control sward type (without herbicide application), monocot-reduced and dicot-reduced. Further management factors included different nutrient input levels (without fertilizer and 180-30-100 kg/ha of N-P-K per year) and use intensity (cut once or three times a year). Functional diversity was determined by estimation of the yield shares for each species in the species composition and their specific functional characteristics. Forage quality was analysed by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). While sward type influenced the forage quality, yield variation was explained mainly by the management regime.
Photodissociation of N2O: Triplet states and triplet channel
Authors: Schinke R. , Schmidt J. A. , Johnson M. S. 
Published: November 2011

The role of triplet states in the UV photodissociation of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\rm N_2O$\end{document}N2O is investigated by means of quantum mechanical wave packet calculations. Global potential energy surfaces are calculated for the lowest two 3A′ and the lowest two 3A′′ states at the multi-reference configuration interaction level of electronic structure theory using the augmented valence quadruple zeta atomic basis set. Because of extremely small transition dipole moments with the ground electronic state, excitation of the triplet states has only a marginal effect on the far red tail of the absorption cross section. The calculations do not show any hint of an increased absorption around 280 nm as claimed by early experimental studies. The peak observed in several electron energy loss spectra at 5.4 eV is unambiguously attributed to the lowest triplet state 13A′. Excitation of the 21A′ state and subsequent transition to the repulsive branch of the 23A′′ state at intermediate NN–O separations, promoted by spin-orbit coupling, is identified as the main pathway to the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\rm N_2}(^1\Sigma _g^+)+{\rm O}(^3\!P)$\end{document}N2(1Σg+)+O(3P) triplet channel. The yield, determined in two-state wave packet calculations employing calculated spin-orbit matrix elements, is 0.002 as compared to 0.005 ± 0.002 measured by Nishida et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 2451 (2004)]10.1021/jp037034o.
On socialization, patriotism and trust: the migration of homeward-bound Russian academics
Authors: Siegert Andreas 
Published: November 2011

Because global labor markets affect the self-assignment of academics, they also affect structural changes in migration movements. To understand the migration patterns of highly qualified academic scholars, research has focused on their mobility, including their return migration. Thus far, studies have examined migrants from Latin America to the United States, but the impacts of cultural or societal contexts on migration have not been investigated.Based on an empirical study of Russian academics who have migrated to Germany, we propose theory-based answers to the following questions: Is trust a relevant motivation for homeward-bound academic migrants to return to their native countries, and who or what is the object of this trust? Why do these migrants, in contrast to the vast majority of interviewees, self-identify with their society of origin? Does transaction cost theory explain these academics' motives for migration? Is their temporary stay beneficial to the host society?
Participant development in sport and physical activity: The impact of biological maturation
Authors: Ford Paul , Collins Dave , Bailey Richard , MacNamara Áine , Pearce Gemma , Toms Martin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRecent literature sees participation in sport and physical activity as a lifelong continuum. As a consequence, youth sport must be seen as more than just about young athletes achieving elite performance. Accordingly, there is a need to improve our understanding of development in order to help grow and maintain involvement in sport and physical activity since the spectrum of participation is linked on a bio‐psycho‐social perspective throughout life. Reflecting this need, the paper reviews the evidence underpinning various ‘accepted constructs’ of development such as non‐linear biological growth, specialised physical development periods, and the associated acute and chronic training prescription implications. Based on such, the paper identifies a need for academics and practitioners to work more closely to establish an evidence‐base related to accelerated and decelerated periods of athletic development during maturation using controlled longitudinal investigations in order to help nurture athletic development and participation pathways from a lifelong perspective to a greater extent.
Hyperinsulinemia and overweight in obese Zucker rats effectively suppressed by exercise training with hypoxia recovery
Authors: Wu Ming‐Chieh , Tsai Ying‐Lan , Huang Chih‐Yang , Kao Chung‐Lan , Hou Chien‐Wen , Chen Chung‐Yu , Korivi Mallikarjuna , Jean Wei‐Horng , Lee Shin‐Da , Kuo Chia‐Hua 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIt is currently unknown whether hypoxia training can effectively suppress overweight and hyperinsulinemia in genetically obese animals. In this study, both lean and obese Zucker rats were randomly assigned into the following groups: control (CON, n=7), exercise training (EX, n=7), hypoxia (HYP, n=7) and exercise training with hypoxia recovery (EX+HYP, n=7). During a 6‐week training period, rats performed swimming exercise progressively from 30 to 180 min·day−1, and recovered under hypoxia (14% oxygen for 8 h·day−1). Obese Zucker rats exhibited substantially greater fasting insulin levels, and exaggerated glucose and insulin responses following an oral glucose challenge compared with lean rats. At the beginning of week 6, body weight, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, area under curve of glucose (GAUC) and insulin (IAUC) in the EX+HYP group were significantly lower than CON group among the obese rats. Meanwhile, only GAUC was significantly lower in the EX group compared to the CON group. At the end of week 6, capillaries to fibre ratio (C/F), capillary density (CD) and type IIa fibre proportion of the plantaris muscle in the EX group were significantly greater than the CON group (P<0.05), but no additive effect of hypoxia on exercise training was observed. Our data demonstrate that exercise training with prolonged hypoxia recovery offers better metabolic benefits than exercise training alone for the obese Zucker rats. This advantage was closely associated with effective weight reduction.
QuRe: software for viral quasispecies reconstruction from next-generation sequencing data
Authors: Prosperi Mattia C. F. , Salemi Marco 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Summary: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an ideal framework for the characterization of highly variable pathogens, with a deep resolution able to capture minority variants. However, the reconstruction of all variants of a viral population infecting a host is a challenging task for genome regions larger than the average NGS read length. QuRe is a program for viral quasispecies reconstruction, specifically developed to analyze long read (&gt;100 bp) NGS data. The software performs alignments of sequence fragments against a reference genome, finds an optimal division of the genome into sliding windows based on coverage and diversity and attempts to reconstruct all the individual sequences of the viral quasispecies—along with their prevalence—using a heuristic algorithm, which matches multinomial distributions of distinct viral variants overlapping across the genome division. QuRe comes with a built-in Poisson error correction method and a post-reconstruction probabilistic clustering, both parameterized on given error rates in homopolymeric and non-homopolymeric regions.
Availability: QuRe is platform-independent, multi-threaded software implemented in Java. It is distributed under the GNU General Public License, available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/qure/.
Contact: ahnven@yahoo.it; ahnven@gmail.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
NoRSE: noise reduction and state evaluator for high-frequency single event traces
Authors: Reuel Nigel F. , Bojo Peter , Zhang Jingqing , Boghossian Ardemis A. , Ahn Jin-Ho , Kim Jong−Ho , Strano Michael S. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Summary: NoRSE was developed to analyze high-frequency datasets collected from multistate, dynamic experiments, such as molecular adsorption and desorption onto carbon nanotubes. As technology improves sampling frequency, these stochastic datasets become increasingly large with faster dynamic events. More efficient algorithms are needed to accurately locate the unique states in each time trace. NoRSE adapts and optimizes a previously published noise reduction algorithm and uses a custom peak flagging routine to rapidly identify unique event states. The algorithm is explained using experimental data from our lab and its fitting accuracy and efficiency are then shown with a generalized model of stochastic datasets. The algorithm is compared to another recently published state finding algorithm and is found to be 27 times faster and more accurate over 55% of the generalized experimental space. NoRSE is written as an M-file for Matlab.
Availability: http://web.mit.edu/stranogroup/NoRSE.txt
Contact: strano@mit.edu
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
First Report of Cymbidium mosaic virus and Odontoglossum ringspot virus in Orchids in Mexico
Authors: Soto-Valladares A. G. , De La Torre-Almaraz R. , Xoconostle-Cazares B. , Ruíz-Medrano R. 
Published: November 2011

In 2010, a survey for viral diseases in commercial, orchid-producing greenhouses was carried out in Morelos, Mexico. Many symptomatic plants were observed. The most common leaf symptoms were yellow mottle, yellow streaks, and chlorotic and necrotic ringspots. Leaf samples were collected from eight symptomatic plants from the following genera: Encyclia, Oncidium, Shomburghia, Brassia, Guarianthe, Cattleya, Epidendrum, Vanilla, Xilobium, Laelia, and Brassocattleya. Samples were tested using double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA (Agdia, Elkhart, IN) with antiserum for Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV), Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV), Cymbidium ringspot mosaic virus, and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and a general antiserum for potyviruses. At least one plant from each genus was positive to CymMV and ORSV as individual or mixed infections. Encyclia and Laelia plants were the most frequently found with mixed infections by both viruses. All genera were negative for TMV and potyviruses. Total RNA extracts were obtained from all ELISA-positive samples by a modified silica capture protocol (2). Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was carried out with general polymerase (RdRp) gene primers corresponding to the Potexvirus group (3) and specific primers for the coat protein gene (CP) of CymMV and ORSV (1). The PCR amplification from a positive sample of each genus was resolved in agarose gels. Amplification products of the expected size were obtained for CymMV and ORSV. Five CymMV RdRp gene clones from five different plants of Laelia (GenBank Accession Nos. HQ393958, HQ393959, HQ393960, HQ393961, and HQ393962), two CP gene clones of CP gene of CymMV from two different plants of Oncidium (GenBank Accession Nos. HQ393956 and HQ393957), and three CP clones of CP of ORSV from three different plants of Encyclia (GenBank Accession Nos. HQ393953, HQ393954, and HQ393955) were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of the Mexican orchid CymMV isolates were 96 to 97% identical to CymMV sequences in the GenBank, while those of ORSV were 99 to 100% identical to deposited ORSV sequences. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CymMV and ORSV in orchids in Mexico, which are two of the most important quarantine virus in orchids in Mexico. References: (1) P. Ajjikuttira et al. J. Gen. Virol. 86:1543, 2005. (2) J. R. Thompson et al. J. Virol. Methods 111:85, 2003. (3) R. A. A. van der Vlugt and M. Berendsen. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 108:367, 2002.
Development and assessment of the constipation‐related disability scale
Authors: Hart S. L. , Albiani J. J. , Crangle C. J. , Torbit L. A. , Varma M. G. 
Published: November 2011

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 183–192SummaryBackground  Chronic constipation is associated with impaired quality of life and physical discomfort. Although inability to engage in day‐to‐day activities has been significantly associated with psychological distress, limited research has examined this relationship in constipated samples.Aim  To develop and validate the Constipation‐Related Disability Scale (CRDS), which assesses the extent of disability caused by constipation.Methods  A total of 240 constipated participants and 103 healthy controls completed the CRDS. Reliability was measured with Cronbach’s coefficient alpha and test–retest reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients. Convergent, divergent and predictive validity were assessed.Results  Component and factor analyses were used to derive two factors: Work/Leisure Activities and Activities of Daily Living, as well as a total CRDS score. Good reliability was found, with alphas ≥0.87 and intraclass correlation coefficients ≥0.85. All scales were negatively correlated with the physical health subscales of the SF‐36 (P < 0.001) and were not significantly correlated with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Social Desirability Scale, providing support for convergent and divergent validity, respectively. Evidence of predictive validity was supported by associations between the total CRDS with number of physician visits per year (P < 0.01), missed work in the last year (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.19, P < 0.001) and ER visits in the last year (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00–1.16, P < 0.05).Conclusions  The Constipation‐Related Disability Scale is the first instrument that assesses the impact of constipation on daily activities. There is evidence of strong reliability and validity of the instrument.
Large needle aspiration biopsy histology for preoperative selection of Hürthle cell thyroid nodules
Authors: Carpi Angelo , Rossi Giuseppe , Mechanick Jeffrey I , Nicolini Andrea , Camici Marcello , Russo Matteo A , Di Coscio Giancarlo 
Published: November 2011

Carpi A, Rossi G, Mechanick J I, Nicolini A, Camici M, Russo M A & Di Coscio G  (2011) Histopathology 59, 892–896Large needle aspiration biopsy histology for preoperative selection of Hürthle cell thyroid nodulesAims:  To assess whether the large needle aspiration biopsy (LNAB) histological distinction between pure microfollicular nodules and mixed micro–macrofollicular nodules can assist preoperative selection of a Hürthle cell nodule (HCN) discovered by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).Methods and results:  In 24 HCN identified by preoperative FNAC, preoperative LNAB histology was compared with postoperative pathology. FNAC demonstrated seven benign HCN (negative), eight HCN with atypia (positive); seven suspected cancers with HC (positive); and two cancers with Hürthle cells (positive). LNAB showed mixed micro–macrofollicular hyperplastic features in 12 nodules (negative) and a microfollicular structure in 12 nodules (positive), two of which included findings of papillary cancer. Postoperative findings were benign (negative) in 16 patients and malignant (positive) in eight patients. The sensitivity and specificity for FNAC were 87.5% [seven of eight, 95% confidence interval (CI): 47.3–99.7%) and 37.5% (six of 16, 95% CI: 15.2–64.6%], respectively, and for LNAB were 87.5% (seven of eight, 95% CI: 47.3–99.7%) and 68.8% (11 of 16, 95% CI: 41.3–89.0%), respectively. FNAC results were significantly different from postoperative results (McNemar’s test, exact two‐sided P = 0.012), while LNAB results were not (McNemar’s test, exact two‐sided P = 0.219).Conclusions:  These data suggest that LNAB histology is more accurate than FNAC cytology for the preoperative selection of HCN.
Improved detection of mycobacteria species in formalin‐fixed tissue sections
Authors: Pedersen John S , Clarke Iain , Mills John 
Published: November 2011

Pedersen J S, Clarke I & Mills J  (2011) Histopathology 59,993–1005  Improved detection of mycobacteria species in formalin‐fixed tissue sectionsAims:  To develop an antibody broadly reactive against mycobacterial species, which will improve detection of mycobacteria in tissue sections by immunohistochemistry (IHC).Methods:  A sheep antisera was developed by immunization with multiple mycobacteria, and was tested by IHC against a range of mycobacteria in tissues from many species, as well as negative tissue controls and other bacteria.Results:  The sheep antiserum, MAS‐01, reacted with all 18 mycobacterial species tested, but did not react with uninfected inflammatory tissues. Although MAS‐01 cross‐reacted with two microbial genera which are related to mycobacteria (Corynebacteria and Proprionibacteria), it did not with Nocardia or Actinomyces. The antibody was more sensitive than the Ziehl–Neelsen stain for detection of tissue mycobacteria, and shortened the time required to identify these infections.Conclusion:  The MAS‐01 antiserum will facilitate rapid identification of tissue mycobacterial infection by histopathologists.
The effect of using a relaxation tape on pulse, respiration, blood pressure and anxiety levels of surgical patients
Authors: Ko Yi‐Li , Lin Pi‐Chu 
Published: November 2011

Aim.  This study aims to investigate the effect of a relaxation tape on levels of anxiety in surgical patients.Background.  Surgery is a stressful event for patients. Because of uncertainty regarding surgery and anaesthesia, patients often experience heightened anxiety and fear.Design.  A one‐group pretest–post‐test quasi‐experimental design.Methods.  Samples were taken from surgical patients in a medical centre in northern Taiwan. The patients were given relaxation tapes the day before their scheduled surgery. Tests were conducted before and after patients listened to the tapes. STAI and respiration, pulse and blood pressure were used to collect data measurements on the anxiety level of these patients.Results.  The average age of 80 patients was 43·14 (SD 17·27) years. After the patients listened to the relaxation tape, their respiration rate dropped from 18·4 (SD 6·9) –17·8 (SD 7·4), pulse rate dropped from 81·9 (SD 33·5) – (SD 33·7), systolic blood pressure decreased from 125·4 (SD 16) mmHg – 121·5 (SD 13·4) mmHg and STAI score dropped from 50·9 (SD 11·1) – 41·1 (SD 9·8). They all showed a significant level of difference (p < 0·05). A one‐time listen to the tape during the entire hospital stay was the experience of the majority (66·3%) and indicated that the STAI score can be further reduced by increasing the number of tape listening sessions (F = 14·1, p < 0·001).Conclusion.  The results show that a relaxation tape can significantly reduce the level of anxiety and vital signs related to anxiety in surgical patients.Relevance to clinical practice.  The results of this study can provide an empirical basis for nursing treatments. We recommend that relaxation tapes be included in standard of care to alleviate anxiety in surgical patients.
Use of the Internet as a source of health information amongst participants of antenatal classes
Authors: Lima‐Pereira Patricia , Bermúdez‐Tamayo Clara , Jasienska Grazyna 
Published: November 2011

Aim.  To describe the pattern of use of the Internet as a source of health information by participants of antenatal classes.Background.  There is a lack of information about the frequency of Internet use amongst expectant mothers and fathers who attend antenatal classes.Design. A cross‐sectional descriptive study.Methods.  Women (n = 114) and men (n = 21) were recruited. Data were collected anonymously using a self‐administered questionnaire, containing questions about Internet use, the frequency of that use, sources of information about pregnancy, preference over other non‐Internet sources, positive and negative feelings generated due to the use of the Internet and willingness to receive instructions on Internet use.Results.  The average age of participants was 31·4 (SD 6·1) and their stage of pregnancy ranged from 24–38 weeks. 83·5% were expecting their first child. 93·5% reported that they used the Internet on a regular basis and no significant difference was found between men and women. Amongst Internet users, 97·7% sought, at some point, information on pregnancy on the Internet and 26·9% had done so in the last 24 hours. The Internet was the most popular source of information on pregnancy topics (18·5% of women and 25·8% of men used it as their primary source of information) after a physician. Commercial websites were more frequently used by people looking for information on pregnancy than sites maintained by not‐for‐profit organisations or professional unions.Conclusions.  The Internet is widely used as a source of information amongst participants of antenatal classes, both male and female. Approximately 95% have used it at some point to find information during pregnancy, but the majority (approximately 90%) had no knowledge of websites run by not‐for‐profit organisations and preferred commercial websites.Relevance to clinical practice.  Instead of disregarding the use of the Internet as a source of information during pregnancy, midwives should keep up to date and give their patients links to high‐quality sites.
Loss of sensory and noradrenergic innervation in benign colorectal adenomatous polyps – a putative role of semaphorins 3F and 3A
Authors: Graf N. , McLean M. , Capellino S. , Schölmerich J. , Murray G. I. , El‐Omar E. M. , Straub R. H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  Nerve fibers can exert trophic/anti‐trophic effects on epithelial cells. Substance P (SP) is a pro‐proliferative neuropeptide, whereas sympathetic noradrenaline is anti‐proliferative at high concentrations.Methods  Density of noradrenergic and sensory nerve fibers and presence of nerve repellent factors specific for noradrenergic (semaphorin 3F) and sensory nerve fibers (semaphorin 3A) were investigated in colorectal adenomas.Key Results  The pedunculus was innervated by noradrenergic fibers, whereas the mucosa was sparsely innervated. The control submucosa compared with control mucosa demonstrated increased density of noradrenergic fibers. Control tissue was much better innervated than the polyp. This was accompanied by strong expression of semaphorin 3F in epithelial cells. Density of sensory SP+ nerve fibers was higher in control colon mucosa compared with polyp mucosa, and SP+ cell clusters and semaphorin 3A‐positive cells appeared in the intercrypt space in polyps, but not in control tissue.Conclusions & Inferences  This study demonstrated a marked loss of noradrenergic and sensory nerve fibers in polyp mucosa, which was associated with a strong increase of semaphorin 3F and 3A. Up‐regulation of the sympathetic repellent semaphorin 3F in the polyps possibly triggers sympathetic repulsion and polyp growth due to the loss of anti‐proliferative noradrenaline and presence of SP from local SP+ cells.