bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of organic transition strategy on chemical and biological soil tests
Authors: Ugarte Carmen M. , Wander Michelle M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSoil testing strategies that include biologically based indicators in organic and alternative farming systems are needed in order to improve recommendations that balance production and environmental goals. In this study, soil samples were collected before and after soils were transitioned from conventional row crop production to organic management using rotations that varied in both their inputs and tillage intensity. Ley-, row crop- and vegetable-based farming systems were implemented using locally specific production practices. Subplots were imposed within each system to allow comparison of farming systems without amendment and with dairy manure- and compost-amendment. Soil analyses included standard chemical tests (0–15 cm) for available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium, pH, total organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN). Biological assays (0–15 and 15–30 cm) included particulate organic matter-C and -N (POM-C, POM-N), soil and POM C:N ratios, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis, potentially mineralizable N (PMN) and hydrolysable amino-N + NH4(IL-N). Even though cropping and tillage intensity varied among systems (ley < row crop < vegetable), organic matter and nutrient reserves were not statistically different. Nutrient concentrations tested medium to high, even without compost or manure application. Labile fractions of soil organic matter were more enriched in the deeper sampling depth; whereby, POM stocks within the 15–30 cm depth increased by 20% on average compared to roughly 6% in the surface depth. This and observed changes in other properties demonstrate the multiple benefits derived from use of winter annual or perennial crops. Results from our analyses suggested PMN and POM have particular promise as metrics of change in commercial soil testing facilities to assist recommendations for amendments to balance production and environmental goals.
Calorific values and ash contents of different organs of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) in southern China
Authors: Zeng Wei Sheng , Tang Shou Zheng , Xiao Qian Hui 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCalorific values of plants are important indices for evaluating and reflecting material cycle and energy conversion in forest ecosystems. Based on the data of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana) in southern China, the calorific values (CVs) and ash contents (ACs) of different plant organs were analyzed systematically using hypothesis test and regression analysis in this paper. The results show: (i) the CVs and ACs of different plant organs are almost significantly different, and the order by AFCV (ash-free calorific value) from the largest to the smallest is foliage (23.55 kJ/g), branches (22.25 kJ/g), stem bark (21.71 kJ/g), root (21.52 kJ/g) and stem wood (21.35 kJ/g); and the order by AC is foliage (2.35%), stem bark (1.44%), root (1.42%), branches (1.08%) and stem wood (0.33%); (ii) the CVs and ACs of stem woods on top, middle and lower sections are significantly different, and the CVs are increasing from top to lower sections of trunk while the ACs are decreasing; (iii) the mean GCV (gross calorific value) and AFCV of aboveground part are larger than those of belowground part (roots), and the differences are also statistically significant; (iv) the CVs and ACs of different organs are related, to some extent, to diameter, height and origin of the tree, but the influence degrees of the factors on CVs and ACs are not the same.
Overlap in Speech-Language and Reading Services for Kindergartners and First Graders
Authors: Gosse Carolyn S. , Hoffman LaVae M. , Invernizzi Marcia A. 
Published: January 2012

Purpose
Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and reading professionals provide educational services to children who are at risk for reading difficulties, although these professions do not necessarily coordinate efforts. To date, there is limited evidence regarding the proportion of children who receive services from both professionals. The current study reports the prevalence and overlap of speech-language and reading services provided to kindergartners and first graders in Virginia.

Method
This study analyzed a population-level database of reading screening scores from 74,730 kindergartners and 75,088 first graders. Information regarding the speech-language services received by these children was obtained. Prevalence rates of speech-language impairment, reading risk, and comorbidity were calculated. The distribution of children receiving speech-language services across categories of reading competence was examined.

Results
Findings indicated that ∼6% of the children received speech-language services and 11.1% of the kindergartners and 13.7% of the first graders received reading services. One-quarter of the children receiving speech-language services also received reading services. Furthermore, children receiving speech-language services received reading services at twice the rate of children who were not receiving speech-language services in both kindergarten (23.1% vs. 9.1%) and first grade (25.2% vs. 11.3%).

Clinical Implications
This study provides empirical support for improving coordination between SLPs and reading professionals.
Preliteracy Speech Sound Production Skill and Later Literacy Outcomes: A Study Using the Templin Archive
Authors: Overby Megan S. , Trainin Guy , Smit Ann Bosma , Bernthal John E. , Nelson Ron 
Published: January 2012

Purpose
This archival study examined the relationship between the speech sound production skill of kindergarten children and literacy outcomes in Grades 1–3 in a data set where most children’s vocabulary skills were within normal limits, speech therapy was not provided until 2nd grade, and phonological awareness instruction was discouraged at the time data were collected.

Method
Data were accessed from the Templin Archive (2004), and the speech sound production skill of 272 kindergartners were examined relative to literacy outcomes in 1st and 2nd grade (reading) and 3rd grade (spelling).

Results
Kindergartners in the 7th percentile for speech sound production skill scored more poorly in 1st- and 2nd-grade reading and 3rd-grade spelling than did kindergartners with average speech sound production skill; kindergartners in the 98th percentile achieved superior literacy skills compared to the mean. Phonological awareness mediated the effects of speech sound production skill on reading and spelling; vocabulary did not account for any unique variance.

Conclusion
Speech sound disorders appear to be an overt manifestation of a complex interaction among variables influencing literacy skills, including nonlanguage cognition, vocabulary, letter knowledge, and phonological awareness. These interrelationships hold across the range of speech sound production skill, as children with superior speech sound production skill experience superior literacy outcomes.
How Grammatical Are 3-Year-Olds?
Authors: Eisenberg Sarita L. , Guo Ling-Yu , Ghermezi Mor 
Published: January 2012

Purpose
This study investigated the level of grammatical accuracy in typically developing 3-year-olds and the types of errors they produce.

Method
Twenty-two 3-year-olds participated in a picture description task. The percentage of grammatical utterances was computed and error types were analyzed.

Results
The mean level of grammatical accuracy in typical 3-year-olds was ∼71%, with a wide range of variability. The current study revealed a variety of error types produced by 3-year-olds, most of which were produced by fewer than 5 children. The pattern observed for most of the children was to produce a scattering of errors with no more than a few of any 1 error type.

Conclusion
The level of grammatical accuracy in 3-year-olds was skewed toward the high end. Although tense marking errors were the most frequent error type, they accounted for only 1/3 of the errors produced by 3-year-olds. A more general measure of grammaticality that considers additional aspects of language might, therefore, be useful in assessing language at this age.
Narrative Writing in Children and Adolescents: Examining the Literate Lexicon
Authors: Sun Lei , Nippold Marilyn A. 
Published: January 2012

Purpose
This study was designed primarily to examine the use of abstract nouns and metacognitive verbs in the narrative writing of school-age children and adolescents.

Method

Three groups of typically developing students ages 11, 14, and 17 years (
n
= 40 per group) were asked to write a story about something funny, sad, or scary that had happened to them and a friend. Each student’s narrative essay was examined for the use of abstract nouns (e.g.,
accomplishment, loneliness, mystery
) and metacognitive verbs (e.g.,
assume, discover, realize
) and for the production of complex syntax as measured by mean length of T-unit (MLTU) and clausal density (CD).

Results
Age-related growth in narrative writing was documented for both types of words. Additionally, the use of abstract nouns and metacognitive verbs was associated with the production of complex syntax, reflecting the lexicon–syntax interface.

Conclusion
The narrative writing task employed in this study was effective in eliciting literate words and complex syntax in school-age children and adolescents.
2D–1D Wavelet Reconstruction as a Tool for Source Finding in Spectroscopic Imaging Surveys
Authors: Flöer L. , Winkel B. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractToday, image denoising by thresholding of wavelet coefficients is a commonly used tool for 2D image enhancement. Since the data product of spectroscopic imaging surveys has two spatial dimensions and one spectral dimension, the techniques for denoising have to be adapted to this change in dimensionality. In this paper we will review the basic method of denoising data by thresholding wavelet coefficients and implement a 2D–1D wavelet decomposition to obtain an efficient way of denoising spectroscopic data cubes. We conduct different simulations to evaluate the usefulness of the algorithm as part of a source finding pipeline.
The Characterised Noise Hi Source Finder: Detecting Hi Galaxies Using a Novel Implementation of Matched Filtering
Authors: Jurek R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe spectral line datacubes obtained from the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and its precursors, such as the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP), will be sufficiently large to necessitate automated detection and parametrisation of sources. Matched filtering is widely acknowledged as the best possible method for the automated detection of sources. This paper presents the Characterised Noise Hi (cnhi) source finder, which employs a novel implementation of matched filtering. This implementation is optimised for the 3-D nature of the Hi spectral line observations of the planned Wide-field ASKAP Legacy L-band All-sky Blind surveY (WALLABY). The CNHI source finder also employs a novel sparse representation of 3-D objects, with a high compression rate, to implement the Lutz one-pass algorithm on datacubes that are too large to process in a single pass. WALLABY will use ASKAP's phenomenal 30 square degree field of view to image ∼70% of the sky. It is expected that WALLABY will find 500 000 Hi galaxies out to z ∼0.2.
Classification of fish and non-fish acoustic tracks using discriminant function analysis
Authors: Xie Yunbo , Michielsens Catherine G. J. , Martens Fiona J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractXie, Y., Michielsens, C. G. J., and Martens, F. J. 2012. Classification of fish and non-fish acoustic tracks using discriminant function analysis. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 313–322. Hydroacoustic data acquired for estimating fish populations contain information on both fish and non-fish targets, so sonar technicians traditionally rely on their knowledge of fish behaviour and experience with hydroacoustics to remove non-fish targets from the hydroacoustic data. This process is often labour-intensive and time-consuming, making real-time assessment of fish populations difficult. Simple solutions are not always available for all circumstances. However, the split-beam sonar data collected in the lower Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada, showed distinct signatures between actively swimming fish and non-fish objects such as drifting debris, surface bubbles, and stationary objects in the water column and off the river bottom. Acoustic tracks of fish and non-fish targets were characterized by differentiable statistical patterns that were amenable to discriminant function analysis (DFA). An application of DFA to segregate fish and non-fish targets detected by a split-beam sonar system in the lower Fraser River is presented, characteristics of user-identified fish and non-fish acoustic tracks being utilized as learning samples for the DFA. Also, a method to rank the discriminating power of individual variables is presented, providing guidance for constructing efficient and effective discriminant functions with variables that offer high discriminating power. The DFA yielded classification accuracies of 96% for fish and 91% for non-fish tracks and reduced the manual sorting time by 50–75%.
The reactions of shoaling adult cod to a pelagic trawl: implications for commercial trawling
Authors: Rosen Shale , Engås Arill , Fernö Anders , Jörgensen Terje 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRosen, S., Engås, A., Fernö, A., and Jörgensen, T. 2012. The reactions of shoaling adult cod to a pelagic trawl: implications for commercial trawling. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 303–312. The reactions of shoaling adult Atlantic cod to a pelagic trawl were measured during fishing off the north coast of Norway. Cod remaining in the trawl track dived at rates as fast as 0.35 m s−1 following vessel passage and swam away from the vessel, in the direction of the approaching trawl, at an average rate of 0.6 m s−1. They did not attempt to swim ahead of the trawl as documented previously, but passed into the lower half of the trawl entrance and swam slowly in the direction of trawling at a rate of 0.2–0.5 m s−1 as the trawl's greater speed through water carried them deeper into the trawl. Shoals compressed vertically once inside the trawl, suggesting that packing density increased at least fourfold. Fish remained in the lower part of the trawl as they moved through its tapered section towards the codend, with little to no clearance above the bottom panel, but significant clearance beneath the top panel. Catches were sufficient to support commercial harvest, and the behaviour observed suggests that changes in trawl design and fishing strategy might improve fuel economy and species selectivity.
Phoma medicaginis stimulates the induction of the octadecanoid and phenylpropanoid pathways in Medicago truncatula
Authors: KAMPHUIS LARS G. , WILLIAMS ANGELA H. , KÜSTER HELGE , TRENGOVE ROBERT D. , SINGH KARAM B. , OLIVER RICHARD P. , ELLWOOD SIMON R. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYGene expression changes and metabolite abundances were measured during the interaction of Medicago truncatula with the fungal necrotrophic pathogen Phoma medicaginis in leaf tissue of susceptible and resistant accessions. Over 330 genes were differentially expressed in plants infected with P. medicaginis relative to mock‐inoculated plants at 12 h post‐inoculation. Of these, 191 were induced in either the resistant or the susceptible accession, with 143 genes repressed. Expression changes were observed in genes involved in the oxidative burst, cell wall strengthening and lipid metabolism, as well as several transcription factors. Genes related to salicylic acid, jasmonate and ethylene responses were up‐regulated, as well as genes leading to the production of jasmonic acid. Significant induction of genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway leading to lignin and isoflavonoid biosynthesis occurred. High‐pressure liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC‐UV) identified several phenolic compounds induced by P. medicaginis, as well as constitutively higher levels of phenolic compounds, in the resistant M. truncatula accession. Differentially regulated genes induced in both the resistant and susceptible accessions, but with different kinetics, and constitutively more highly expressed and induced phenolic compounds provide candidates for functional analysis. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of the octadecanoid and phenylpropanoid pathways in defence against this necrotrophic pathogen.
Neurokinin‐1‐receptor antagonism decreases anxiety and emotional arousal circuit response to noxious visceral distension in women with irritable bowel syndrome: a pilot study
Authors: Tillisch K. , Labus J. , Nam B. , Bueller J. , Smith S. , Suyenobu B. , Siffert J. , McKelvy J. , Naliboff B. , Mayer E. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryBackground  Irritable bowel syndrome is characterised by chronic abdominal pain and frequent comorbid anxiety. The substance P/neurokinin‐1 receptor system is implicated in the regulation of both pain and anxiety, suggesting a potential therapeutic target in IBS.Aim  To determine whether inhibition of the neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK1R) will change pain ratings and brain responses to experimental visceral pain and anxiety symptoms in women with IBS or not.Methods  Rome II positive IBS women were recruited for a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study of NK1R antagonist AV608. Treatment periods were 3 weeks with a 2‐week washout period. Functional MRI during a visceral distension paradigm was performed before first treatment and after treatment blocks. SPM8 was used to compare brain activity during painful and nonpainful visceral stimuli in regions associated with emotional arousal and interoception. Negative affect, anxiety symptoms and pain ratings were assessed.Results  Eleven subjects completed the study and eight subjects provided fMRI data. AV608, compared with placebo, was associated with reduced anxiety, negative affect, and pain ratings. During AV608 treatment, the amygdala, hippocampus and anterior cingulate gyrus showed decreased activity during visceral distension. AV608 was also associated with decreases in activity in brain regions associated with interoception (posterior insula, anterior mid‐cingulate gyrus).Conclusions  Chronic treatment with AV608 in IBS is associated with improved mood and pain ratings and activity of emotional arousal related brain regions. This suggests that further exploration of NK1R antagonists is warranted in visceral pain disorders, particularly in patients with comorbid anxiety symptoms.
The value of apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in a Korean population
Authors: Jung Chang Hee , Hwang Jenie Yoonoo , Yu Ji Hee , Shin Mi Seon , Bae Sung Jin , Park Joong‐Yeol , Kim Hong‐Kyu , Lee Woo Je 
Published: January 2012

SummaryObjective  The ratio of apolipoprotein B (apoB) to apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) has been reported to be associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the optimal cut‐off value of apoB/A1 ratio for detecting subjects with MetS has remained undetermined. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether apoB/A1 ratio can be an indicator of MetS and to determine the optimal cut‐off value of apoB/A1 ratio in detecting subjects with MetS in a Korean population.Design  This cross‐sectional study was conducted at the Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.Subjects and measurements  We collected the data of 10 940 subjects who participated in a routine health screening examination regarding conventional risk factors and serum levels of apoB and apoA1.Results  The odds for MetS were significantly higher in the highest compared with the lowest apoB/A1 ratio quartiles, after adjustment for confounding variables, in both men [odds ratio (OR) = 4·07, 95% CI = 3·42–4·84] and women (OR = 8·41, 95% CI = 5·85–12·08). The optimal apoB/A1 ratio cut‐off value for the detection of MetS was 0·65, which had a sensitivity of 63·5% and a specificity of 61·3% (area under the curve = 0·67, 95% CI = 0·66–0·68, P < 0·001) in men and 0·62, which had a sensitivity of 67·9% and a specificity of 61·9% (area under the curve = 0·70, 95% CI = 0·69–0·71, P < 0·001) in women.Conclusions  These results suggest that apoB/A1 ratio is independently associated with MetS and that an apoB/A1 ratio >0·65 in men and 0·62 in women is a marker of MetS independent from conventional risk factors.
Germination patterns and implications for invasiveness in three Taraxacum (Asteraceae) species
Authors: LUO J , CARDINA J 
Published: January 2012

Luo J & Cardina J (2012). Germination patterns and implications for invasiveness in three Taraxacum (Asteraceae) species. Weed Research 52, 112–121.SummaryThe ability to germinate across different environments has been considered an important trait of invasive plant species that allows for establishment success in new habitats. Using two alien congener species of Asteraceae –Taraxacum officinale (invasive) and Taraxacum laevigatum laevigatum (non‐invasive) – we tested the hypothesis that invasive species germinate better than non‐invasives under various conditions. The germination patterns of Taraxacum brevicorniculatum, a contaminant found in seeds of the crop Taraxacum kok‐saghyz, were also investigated to evaluate its invasive potential. In four experiments, we germinated seeds along gradients of alternating temperature, constant temperature (with or without light), water potential and following accelerated ageing. Neither higher nor lower germination per se explained invasion success for the Taraxacum species tested here. At alternating temperature, the invasive T. officinale had higher germination than or similar to the non‐invasive T. laevigatum. Contrary to predictions, T. laevigatum exhibited higher germination than T. officinale in environments of darkness, low water potential or after the seeds were exposed to an ageing process. These results suggested a complicated role of germination in the success of T. officinale. Taraxacum brevicorniculatum showed the highest germination among the three species in all environments. The invasive potential of this species is thus unclear and will probably depend on its performance at other life stages along environmental gradients.
Empowerment, patient centred care and self‐management
Authors: Pulvirenti Mariastella , McMillan John , Lawn Sharon 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground  Patient or person centred care is widely accepted as the philosophy and practice that underpins quality care. An examination of the Australian National Chronic Disease Strategy and literature in the field highlights assumptions about the self‐manager as patient and a focus on clinical settings.Objective and Conclusion  This paper considers patient or person centred care in the light of empowerment as it is understood in the health promotion charters first established in Alma Ata in 1977. We argue that patient or person centred care can be reconfigured within a social justice and rights framework and that doing so supports the creation of conditions for well‐being in the broader context, one that impacts strongly on individuals. These arguments have broader implications for the practice of patient centred care as it occurs between patient and health professional and for creating shared responsibility for management of the self. It also has implications for those who manage their health outside of the health sector.