bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of FOXJ1 in hepatocellular carcinoma: Correlation with patients' prognosis and tumor cell proliferation
Authors: Chen Hong‐Wei , Huang Xiao‐Dong , Li Hong‐Chen , He Song , Ni Run‐Zhou , Chen Cui‐Hua , Peng Chen , Wu Gang , Wang Gui‐Hua , Wang Ying‐Ying , Zhao Yun‐Hong , Zhang Yi‐Xin , Shen Ai‐Guo , Wang Hui‐Min 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFOXJ1 is a member of the forkhead box (FOX) family of transcription factors. Recent studies suggested that FOXJ1 may function as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. To investigate the potential roles of FOXJ1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), expression of FOXJ1 was first examined in eight paired frozen HCC and adjacent noncancerous liver tissues by Western blot, and we found that FOXJ1 was upregulated in HCC specimens. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm our results in 108 HCC samples. Moreover, we also evaluated its relation with clinicopathological variables and the prognostic significance. The data showed that high expression of FOXJ1 was associated with histological grade (P < 0.001), and FOXJ1 was positively correlated with proliferation marker Ki‐67 (P < 0.01). Univariate analysis suggested that FOXJ1 expression was associated with poor prognosis (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that tumor grade (P < 0.0001), metastasis (P = 0.0451), tumor size (P = 0.0459), FOXJ1 (P = 0.0011), and Ki‐67 (P = 0.0006) were independent prognostic markers for HCC. Furthermore, we noted that there existed the change of the level of FOXJ1 subcellular localization during cell‐cycle transition in HepG2 cells by immunofluorescence and cell fractionation. Besides, we employed FOXJ1 overexpression/knockdown approaches to investigate the effects of FOXJ1 on HCC cell proliferation and cell‐cycle distribution and found that overexpression of FOXJ1 can promote tumor cell proliferation and cell‐cycle transition. Our results suggested that FOXJ1 was overexpressed in HCCs and associated with histological grade and poor prognosis. Overexpression of FOXJ1 was also involved in tumor cell proliferation and cell‐cycle progression in HCC cell lines. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ras‐induced melanoma transformation is associated with the proteasomal degradation of the transcriptional repressor ICER
Authors: Healey Marlene , Crow Marni S. , Molina Carlos A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractActivation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway targets the putative tumor suppressor protein inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) to ubiquitin‐mediated proteasomal degradation [Yehia et al. JBC 2001; 276: 35272–35279]. We demonstrate that ICER proteasomal degradation is implicated in Ras/MAPK‐mediated melanoma tumorigenesis. In a system using Tyr/Tet‐Ras INK4a−/− transgenic mice and melanoma cells in culture termed R545 cells isolated from Tyr/Tet‐Ras INK4a−/− mice [Chin et al. Nature 1999; 400: 468–472], melanoma genesis and melanoma maintenance is strictly dependent upon expression of H‐RasV12G. We found that ICER protein was not expressed during melanoma genesis but was strongly expressed in regressing melanomas. Similarly in R545 cells, ICER protein expression was negatively regulated by H‐RasV12G. The expression of ICER mRNA was not affected by H‐RasV12G expression, suggesting that ICER regulation was post‐translational. Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of Ras activity or the proteasome abolished the degradation of ICER caused by H‐RasV12G expression indicating that RAS oncogene regulates the expression of ICER protein by targeting ICER to proteasomal degradation. By engineering clones of R545 melanoma cells stably transfected with ICER we were able to determine the prerequisite for Ras‐induced tumorigenesis. The reconstitution of physiological levels of ICER showed a significant decrease in cell growth, as well as inhibition of anchorage‐independent cell growth and tumorigenicity in nude mice. ICER was found to efficiently repress the expression of cyclin D1 in R545 cells due to the binding of ICER to the CRE in the cyclin D1 promoter. Taken together, we postulate that ICER protein might be targeted to degradation in human tumors where Ras is mutated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stereochemie — eine Art moderne Form der Freskenmalerei
Authors: Guggolz Ernst 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDruckfehler und falsche Erklärungen machen komplizierte Sachverhalte einfach und einfache Sachverhalte aufregend. Zum ersten Mal fehlen die fast schon obligatorischen freien Radikalen, dafür gibt es jetzt eine Extra‐Rubrik mit Übersetzungsfehlern. Ein rückblickender Beitrag zum Jahr der Chemie.
Using the economical order quantity formula for inventory control in one‐warehouse multiretailer systems
Authors: Stauffer Gautier 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this article, we deal with the inventory control of one single product in a distribution network consisting of one warehouse and n retailers where the retailers face continuous demands with constant rates. We study two policies for this problem that are derived from the application of the classical economical ordering quantity formula at each location: the first policy is purely single‐echelon, whereas the second synchronizes the reorder intervals between the different installations and thus constitutes a first step toward a multiechelon perspective. We show that those policies are, respectively,
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}\sqrt{2}\end{align*} \end{document}
‐ and 1.275‐optimal. We then conduct computational experiments and demonstrate that our second policy exhibits excellent average performance and improves substantially over the pure single‐echelon policy: in particular it deviates from Roundy's celebrated algorithm by less than 5%. This result indicates that in this simple setting, a great part of the benefit of shifting to a multiechelon perspective can be obtained by the most natural synchronization scheme between the different installations, and adapting single‐echelon policies can be efficient at managing the inventory in simple distribution networks, confirming observations of practitioners. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012
A probabilistic nonlocal model for crack initiation and propagation in heterogeneous brittle materials
Authors: Guy Nicolas , Seyedi Darius M. , Hild François 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYA probabilistic damage model is developed to study crack initiation and growth in quasi‐brittle materials. Two different thresholds are considered to describe these mechanisms. A Weibull model is used to account for the randomness of crack initiation(s) and then a fracture mechanics based threshold is considered to model crack propagation. The model is integrated in a finite element code via a nonlocal damage approach. A regularization operator based on a stress regularization is introduced. Both damage thresholds are checked using the ‘regularized’ stress field to avoid mesh dependence. The interaction between propagating cracks and potential initiation sites is accounted for. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collocation Trefftz methods for the stokes equations with singularity
Authors: Li Zi‐Cai , Lee Ming‐Gong , Chiang John Y. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis study explores the boundary methods for the two‐dimensional homogeneous Stokes equations and investigates the particular solutions (PS) satisfying the Stokes equations. Smooth solutions for the Stokes equations are provided by explicit fundamental solutions (FS) and PS in this study, and singular corner solutions are also provided from linear elastostatics given in Li et al. ([Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. 34 (2009), 533‐648, 2009). A new singularity model with an interior crack is proposed and solved by the collocation Trefftz method (CTM). The proposed method achieves highly accurate solutions with the first leading coefficient having 10 significant digits. These solutions may be used as a benchmark for testing results obtained by other numerical methods. Error bounds are derived for the CTM solutions using the PS. For a general corner, the exponent νk in r can only be obtained by numerical solutions of a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. Therefore, the combined method using many FS plus a few singular solutions is inevitable in most applications. For singularity problems, combining a few singular solutions with the FS is an advanced topic and is successfully implemented in Lee et al. (Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. 24 (2010), 632–654); however, combining a few singular solutions with the smooth PS fails to converge in the first leading coefficient. As a result, the aforementioned method is not applicable to the singularity problems addressed in this article. With the help of particular and singular solutions, the hybrid Trefftz method with Lagrange multipliers can be developed for the Stokes equations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Association between congenital defects in papillary outgrowth and functional obstruction in Crim1 mutant mice
Authors: Wilkinson Lorine , Kurniawan Nyoman D , Phua Yu Leng , Nguyen Michael J , Li Joan , Galloway Graham J , Hashitani Hikaru , Lang Richard J , Little Melissa H 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCrim1 hypomorphic (Crim1$^{KST264/KST264}$) mice display progressive renal disease characterized by glomerular defects, leaky peritubular vasculature, and progressive interstitial fibrosis. Here we show that 27% of these mice also present with hydronephrosis, suggesting obstructive nephropathy. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging using Magnevist showed fast development of hypo‐intense signal in the kidneys of Crim1$^{KST264/KST264}$ mice, suggesting pooling of filtrate within the renal parenchyma. Rhodamine dextran (10 kDa) clearance was also delayed in Crim1$^{KST264/KST264}$ mice. Pyeloureteric peristalsis, while present, was less co‐ordinated in Crim1$^{KST264/KST264}$ mice. However, isolated renal pelvis preparations suggest normal pelvic smooth muscle contractile responses. An analysis of maturation during the immediate postnatal period [postnatal day (P) 0‐15] revealed defects in papillary extension in Crim1$^{KST264/KST264}$ mice. While Crim1 expression is weak in pelvic smooth muscle, strong expression is seen in the interstitium and loops of Henle of the extending papilla, commencing at the tip of the P1 papilla and disseminating throughout the papilla by P15. These results, as well as implicating Crim1 in papillary extension and pelvic smooth muscle contractility, highlight the previously unrecognized association between defects in papillary development and progression to chronic kidney disease later in life. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of induced shear work on the properties of polyolefine nanocomposite pipes
Authors: Witschnigg Andreas , Laske Stephan , Kracalik Milan , Holzer Clemens 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe use of layered silicates is steadily growing in polymer processing due to their great potential of enhancing material properties. Depending on the particle structure (agglomerated, intercalated, or exfoliated), a significantly higher level of improvement of the material properties can be achieved. The degree of exfoliation is exceedingly linked with the residence time and shear energy induced during processing. These processing parameters themselves are depending on the type of processing technique and conditions. The influence on exfoliation rate and the needed values for processing nanocomposites are not known precisely, but would be of major interest according to an optimization of mechanical and physical properties. In this work, the effect of different processing techniques (compounding, extrusion, and injection molding) on the dispersion of the nanofiller is investigated. A specific shear energy is calculated by the induced shear energy and the residence time regarding the mass throughput for better comparison. The differences in the degree of exfoliation according to dissimilarity of the chosen processing techniques are compared via various methods such as internal pressure creep rupture test, longitudinal shrinkage, and tensile test. It is shown that the calculated values are correlating with good precision, especially for the extrusion process. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Global efficiency of innovative rotational mold directly heated by thermal fluid
Authors: Monzón Mario D. , Bordón Pablo , Benítez Antonio N. , Kearns Mark , Hernández Pedro M. , Marrero María D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe article is focused on analysis of global efficiency of new mold for rotational molding of plastic parts, being directly heated by thermal fluid. The overall efficiency is based on several items such as reduction of cycle time, better uniformity of heating–cooling and low energy consumption. The new tool takes advantage of additive fabrication and electroforming for making the optimal manifold and cavity shell of the mold. Experimental test of a prototype mold was carried out on an experimental rotational molding machine, developed for this purpose, measuring wall temperature, and internal air temperature, with and without plastic material inside. Results were compared with conventional mold heated into an oven and to theoretical simulations done by Computational Fluid Dynamic software (CFD). The analysis represents considerable improvement of cycle time related to conventional methods (heated by oven) and better thermal uniformity to conventional procedures by direct heating of oil with external channels. In addition to thermal analysis an energetic efficiency study was done. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 52:1998–2005, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
The orientation of carbon nanotubes in poly(ethylene‐co‐octene) microcellular foaming and its suppression effect on cell coalescence
Authors: Zhai Wentao , Wang Jing , Chen Nan , Naguib Hani E. , Park Chul B. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPoly(ethylene‐co‐octene)/multiwall carbon nanotube (PEOc/MWNT) nanocomposites were prepared by a melt blending process. The MWNT's solubility and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation indicated that the MWNT bonded well with a PEOc matrix. This facilitated the orientation of the MWNT when shear and extensional forces were applied to the nanocomposite melts. Microcellular PEOc/MWNT nanocomposite foams were prepared by a rising temperature process using supercritical CO2 as the blowing agent. Various foaming times were selected to reveal the cell‐structure evolution during the cell growth stage. The obvious cell opening, resulting from cell coalescence, was observed in the cell wall in the neat PEOc foams. When the MWNT was introduced, however, the MWNT tended to orient in the cell wall. Here, as a result of the strain hardening, it acted as a self‐reinforcing element, protecting the cells from destruction during cell growth. Consequently, a dramatic decrease in the open cell content and a still high cell density at long foaming times were obtained in the PEOc/MWNT nanocomposite foams. The present study provides experimental evidence of the vital effects of nanoparticle orientation on cell coalescence. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Solar cell generations over 40% efficiency
Authors: King R. R. , Bhusari D. , Larrabee D. , Liu X.‐Q. , Rehder E. , Edmondson K. , Cotal H. , Jones R. K. , Ermer J. H. , Fetzer C. M. , Law D. C. , Karam N. H. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTMultijunction III‐V concentrator cells of several different types have demonstrated solar conversion efficiency over 40% since 2006, and represent the only third‐generation photovoltaic technology to enter commercial power generation markets so far. The next stage of solar cell efficiency improvement, from 40% to 50%‐efficient production cells, is perhaps the most important yet, since it is in this range that concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems can become the lowest cost option for solar electricity, competing with conventional power generation without government subsidies. The impact of 40% and 50% cell efficiency on cost‐effective geographic regions for CPV systems is calculated in the continental US, Europe, and North Africa. We take a systematic look at a progression of multijunction cell architectures that will take us up to 50% efficiency, using modeling grounded in well‐characterized solar cell materials systems of today's 40% cells, discussing the theoretical, materials science, and manufacturing considerations for the most promising approaches. The effects of varying solar spectrum and current balance on energy production in 4‐junction, 5‐junction, and 6‐junction terrestrial concentrator cells are shown to be noticeable, but are far outweighed by the increased efficiency of these advanced cell designs. Production efficiency distributions of the last five generations of terrestrial concentrator solar cells are discussed. Experimental results are shown for a highly manufacturable, upright metamorphic 3‐junction GaInP/GaInAs/Ge solar cell with 41.6% efficiency independently confirmed at 484 suns (48.4 W/cm2) (AM1.5D, ASTM G173‐03, 25 °C), the highest demonstrated for a cell of this type requiring a single metal‐organic vapor‐phase epitaxy growth run. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thickness study of AZO films by RF sputtering in Ar + H2 atmosphere at room temperature
Authors: Zhu B. L. , Wang J. , Zhu S. J. , Wu J. , Zeng D. W. , Xie C. S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAl‐doped ZnO (AZO) films were prepared on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering in an Ar + 5%H2 ambient at room temperature. The influence of film thickness (85–1101 nm) on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the films was investigated. With increasing film thickness, it is found that the crystallinity of the films is improved and the surface roughness of the films increases. The decrease of resistivity is accompanied by an increase of carrier concentration and mobility. At the film thickness of 583–1101 nm, larger figures of merit (FOM) of the films can be obtained, in which the film with a thickness of 803 nm has the lowest resistivity of 3.13 × 10−4 Ω cm, a sheet resistance of 3.90 Ω/sq, and an average optical transmittance in the visible range of 80%. With increasing film thickness, the crystallite size, carrier concentration, and mobility of the films increase simultaneously, implying that the main scattering mechanism is the intercrystallite boundary scattering. It is found that the optical bandgap (Eg) increases from 3.50 to 3.72 eV with film thickness, and this increase can be ascribed to the Burstein–Moss (BM) effect after considering all possible effect factors. The results demonstrate that AZO films deposited in an Ar + H2 atmosphere at room temperature are suitable for application in thin‐film solar cells as transparent conductive electrode layers.
Pitfalls of electromagnetic tracking in clinical routine using multiple or adjacent sensors
Authors: Wegner Ingmar , Teber Dogu , Hadaschik Boris , Pahernik Sascha , Hohenfellner Markus , Meinzer Hans‐Peter , Huber Johannes 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundWhile electromagnetic tracking (EMT) holds great promise, there are substantiated concerns about interference within the clinical environment. The purpose of this study was to address accuracy and isolate pitfalls for using multiple or adjacent EMT sensors in clinical routine.MethodsA phantom simulating an EMT‐guided puncture of the kidney was used to analyse the effects of multiple sensors in the direct vicinity, common clinical environments and the influence of endo‐urological instruments.ResultsNo relevant interference due to the investigated instruments was discovered. However, there was a great decrease in accuracy in the vicinity of a C‐arm's image intensifier, especially affecting the precision of two adjacent sensors.ConclusionEndo‐urological instruments can be safely used for multi‐sensor EMT‐guided procedures. When avoiding the immediate proximity of the surgical table and the image intensifier, there is a comfortable accuracy corridor. Thus, EMT‐assistance is promising for a wide range of procedures if basic conditions are met. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intelligent tracking control of a dual‐arm wheeled mobile manipulator with dynamic uncertainties
Authors: Cheng Meng‐Bi , Su Wu‐Chung , Tsai Ching‐Chih , Nguyen Thang 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents an intelligent control approach that incorporates sliding mode control (SMC) and fuzzy neural network (FNN) into the implementation of back‐stepping control for a path tracking problem of a dual‐arm wheeled mobile manipulator subject to dynamic uncertainties and nonholonomic constraints. By using the back‐stepping technique, the system equations are reformulated into two levels: the kinematic level and the dynamic level. A sliding manifold is constructed by considering the disturbance free kinematic level equations only. With all the system uncertainties concentrated in the dynamic level, an FNN controller associated with a switching type of control law is employed to enforce sliding mode on the prescribed manifold. All parameter adjustment rules for the proposed controller are derived from the Lyapunov theory such that uniform ultimate boundedness for both the tracking error and the FNN weighting updates is ensured. A simulation study, which compares different control design approaches, is included to illustrate the promise of the proposed SMC–FNN method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying catastrophe theory to an information‐processing model of problem solving in science education
Authors: Stamovlasis Dimitrios , Tsaparlis Georgios 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this study, we test an information‐processing model (IPM) of problem solving in science education, namely the working memory overload model, by applying catastrophe theory. Changes in students' achievement were modeled as discontinuities within a cusp catastrophe model, where working memory capacity was implemented as asymmetry and the degree of field dependence/independence and logical thinking as bifurcation parameters. Data from achievement scores of high school students in nonalgorithmic problem solving (chemical, organic‐synthesis problems) were used and analyzed, using dynamic difference equations and statistical regression techniques. The dependent measure was the score difference in problems of varying demand from M = 3 to M = 8. The cusp catastrophe models proved superior (R2 = .73–.84) to the pre–post linear counterpart (R2 =.52–.66). The empirical evidence for the catastrophe effect supports the nonlinear model for the working memory overload hypothesis. The results add to research endeavors that built bridges between concepts of the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems and problem solving in science education, and to IPM as well. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96:392–410, 2012
A network perspective on organizational architecture: performance effects of the interplay of formal and informal organization
Authors: Soda Giuseppe , Zaheer Akbar 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe take a network perspective to organizational architecture, conceptualizing it as multiple networks of both formal and informal interactions and argue that their interplay is key to better understanding individual organizational member performance. We develop and test the concept of network consistency as the overlap between the informal network of advice and information with formal structures and processes, expressed as networks. We theorize that consistency between formal and informal networks exerts differing effects on performance. We test our theory in a financial services firm, using secondary data to create formal networks and annual performance evaluations for our dependent variable, along with primary survey data from organizational members to obtain the informal advice and information network. Results support our network approach to organizational architecture. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.