bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed literature on friction in orthodontics
Authors: Munusamy Lithish Raj Gopinath , Chandrasekar Deepak , Tandon Akshay , Praveen Katepogu , Angrish Nidhi , Deenadayalan Purushothaman , Samruthi V. Nivetha 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Orthodontics is a specialized field of dentistry that focuses on correcting maligned teeth and jaws. Friction in orthodontics occurs at multiple contact points along the archwire. We discuss the factors that affect friction in fixed appliances, including biological considerations, the ligation mechanism, the bracket, and the archwire. This bibliometric study’s objective is to review the literature on the subject of friction in orthodontics. This abstract provides an overview of the key concepts, methods, and applications of friction in orthodontics using bibliometric analysis.

Methods:
Bibliometrics can reveal significant shifts in research and publication trends. The Bibliometrix package with the VOS viewer program (Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands), and RStudio 2021.09.0 + 351 for Windows (RStudio, Boston, Massachusetts) was used in the bibliometric research. The literary data for this study came from Elsevier’s Scopus database (www.scopus.com), and they were exported in BibTex format. The following criteria were used to independently classify the articles: (a) annual scholarly output; (b) top nations or regions; (c) top journals; (d) productive authors; (e) citations; (f) study design; (g) topic distribution; (h) keywords used; and (i) trending topics over time.

Results:
Brazil and Germany have the most single-country publications, according to a statistical analysis.

Conclusions:
The research done on the aspect of finding the role of friction in orthodontics provided data and knowledge about using friction as a tool to control tooth movement in fixed appliance therapy. Further studies are necessary to obtain more reliable results.
The Dynamical Equations of the Restricted Three-Body Problem with Poynting-Robertson Drag Force and Variable Masses
Authors: Amuda Tajudeen Oluwafemi , Leke Oni 
Published: April 2024

The restricted three-body problem (R3BP) is a formulation which defines the motion of a passively gravitating test particle having infinitesimal mass and moving in the gravitational environment of two bodies, called primaries. The R3BP is still an exciting and active research field that has been getting attention of scientists and astronomers because of its applications in dynamics of the solar and stellar systems, lunar theory, and artificial satellites. The equations of motion are usually the starting point in the investigations of the dynamical predictions of the infinitesimal mass. Therefore, in this paper, we examine the derivations of the dynamical equations of the R3BP with Poynting-Robertson (P-R) Drag force and variable masses. In this model formulation, both primaries are assumed to vary their masses under the combined Mestschersky law (CML) and they move in the frame of the GyldenMestschersky equation (GME). Further, the bigger primary is assumed to be emitting radiation force, which is a component of the radiation pressure and the P-R drag. The non- autonomous dynamical equations of the model are derived and converted into the autonomized equations with constant coefficients using the Mestschersky transformation (MT), the CML, the particular solutions of the GMP, and a transformation for the time dependent velocity of light. We observed that the P-R drag of the bigger primary depends on the mass parameter, radiation pressure, velocity of light and the mass variation constant . The derived systems of equations with variable and constant coefficients can be used to model the long-term motion of satellites and planets in binary systems.
A Model of Android - Dependent Vehicle Monitoring System
Authors: Aghware F.O. , Ojie D.V. , Malasowe B.O. 
Published: April 2024

From a global perspective, the number of cars using our roads around-the-clock has increased dramatically, and this has tremendously amplified the insecurity on our roads. This has become a key subject, especially in Nigeria. Consequently, automobile trailing schemes are gradually becoming evident amongst common users in the transport sector in most major metropolises. This paper aims to showcase a developed Android-based application system for vehicle trailing schemes that integrates Google Maps real-time features, the “Global Positioning System (GPS), and employs the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)” technology. The GPS component is a space-based navigation system that runs on location and time data at all times, irrespective of place and time on the globe, provided there is a line of sight to any of the four or more GPS satellites. The time and location are displayed, utilising Google Maps, which serves as an interface with the application so that the user will be able to constantly monitor moving vehicles via the smartphone. Presented here are the designed model and the experimental outcome of the automobile trailing system that verifies the possibility of the system trailing the movement of vehicles from one location to another at any given time, as well as an interactive Graphical User Interface (GUI) for the Smartphone application.
Palynological Studies of Some Coaly Shales around Gamawa Kumo area, Gongola Basin, Northern Benue Trough, Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu Abdulkarim Haruna , Maigari Abubakar Sadiq , Umar Bappah Adamu , Nabage Nuru Abdullahi , Shirputda John Jitong , Saidu Fatima 
Published: April 2024

Thirty (30) outcrop samples from a section at Gamawa area, Gongola basin, Northern Benue trough were palynologically analyzed to determine age, and paleo-depositional conditions of the strata. Lithological the section is composed of silts, clays and sandstone intercalations at the base followed by coaly shales and bioturbated silty to fine-grained sandstones at the top. Samples were treated with Hydrochloric and Hydrofluoric acids to remove carbonates and silicates respectively and slides were prepared using standard techniques. A total of 1250 palynomorph specimens were recovered. A palynological age of Upper Maastrichtian was assigned to this interval best on the assemblage of Maastrichtian diagnostic marker species of Longapertites marginatus, Proxaperties operculatus, Spinizonocolpites Baculatus, Monocolpites marginatus especially by the abundance of Pollen Spinizonocolpites Baculatus. Based on the low palynomorph marine index and dominating presence of Palme group species, especially the Spinizonocolpites Species the study suggested a paleodepositional condition of a mangrove forest with evidence of tidal dominated estuarine conditions in mostly brackishwater and a temperate climate.
Assessment of Tropospheric Radio Refractivity and Its Variation with Climatic Variables Over Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Akpootu D.O. , Aminu Z. , Nouhou I. , Yusuf A. , Idris M. , Aliyu M.A. , Salifu S.I. , Kola T.A. , Agidi O.E. 
Published: April 2024

To achieve optimal performances, radio link/system planning and design must take radio refractivity estimation very seriously. This study utilizes measured average daily temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure for forty-one-year period (1981–2021) obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) archives for Zaria (latitude 11.100 N, longitude 7.680 E) strategically located in Nigeria’s midland climate zone to calculate the monthly tropospheric radio refractivity and look into how it varies with other meteorological factors and radio refractive index. The percentage of the contribution of dry term (Ndry) and wet term (Nwet) to radio refractivity and refractivity gradient were investigated. The findings indicated that radio refractivity was higher during the rainy season (August) and lower’during the dry season (February), with a maximum mean value of 350.8733 N-units and a minimum mean value of 284.1975 N-units, respectively, found in those months. The wet term contributes to the significant fluctuation of the radio refractivity, whereas the dry term makes up 76.03% of the total value. The gradient of mean refractivity estimated for Zaria was found to be – 43.8709 N – units/km indicating super-refraction propagation condition.
Systematic Assessment of Bottomland Resources Influenced by Waste Disposal
Authors: Adebisi S.L. , Adebayo S.A. , Oladebeye I.H. 
Published: April 2024

In Ile-Oluji, Nigeria, issues with waste disposal brought on by population growth have resulted in contamination of the bottomland resources that sustain humankind. Random soil samples were taken from a solid dumpsite and its adjacent closed bottomland at depths of 0–15, 15–30, and 30–75 cm and analyzed in the laboratory. Soil texture, soil moisture content (MC), porosity, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na) were measured. Also examined was the concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and manganese (Mn) in the samples. Soil moisture content (MC), porosity, bulk density, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 8.52 to 16.08%, 30.14 to 51.19%, 1.16 to 1.46 g/cm3, 6.98 to 7.58, and 299.82 to 432.61 μS/cm, respectively. The concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals (OC, K, Ca, Mg, and Na) and (Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Cr, and Mn) in the soil samples collected from the solid waste dumpsite and bottomland ranged respectively from 2.13–3.10%,, 3.98–6.57, 5.08–8.11, 5.41–7.11, and 0.98–2.61 Cmol/kg, and 6.83– 29.04, 0.00–0.35, 0.41–3.92, 0.89–3.46, 0.00–0.63, and 13.74–74.38 mg/kg. The highest concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals were found in the soil sample collected from the solid waste dumpsite between 0 and 15 cm of soil depth, and it was closely followed by the sample obtained from the bottomland at the same soil depth compared to other locations. The concentration of heavy metals did not exceed the limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), but persistent dumping of waste in the area may eventually increase the concentration of heavy metals beyond the acceptable limit. There is a need for the locals to be aware that the growing of crops on dumpsites and closed adjacent bottomland due to its fertility status could result in the uptake of heavy metals and eventually end up in human or animal bodies. A measure to avoid dumping waste close to the bottomland should be put in place by ensuring the immediate construction of a standard environmental sanitary dumpsite in combination with the waste recycling strategy in the study area.
Assessment of the Microbial and Physicochemical Quality of Water: Evidence from Selected Groundwater Sources from The Coastal Region of Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeleke Ikuesan Felix , Faraday Ediagbonya Thompson 
Published: April 2024

The coastal area of Nigeria frequently experiences pollution of water due to various human activities that may compromise the quality of underground water. This study evaluated the microbial contamination and quality indicators of groundwater in the coastal environment of Ondo State, Nigeria. Nine underground water samples were collected from the study area and assayed using conventional microbiological techniques coupled with standard physical and chemical analytical procedures. Results revealed that all the samples had total viable bacterial counts, fungal counts and coliform counts which ranged from 61.25 to 85.32 CFU/100 mL, 10.00 to 35.32 SFU/100 mL and 6 – 24 MPN/100 mL respectively, which were higher than the set WHO limit. Results also revealed that the samples from Irele and Ese- Odo Local Governments Areas had acidic pH in the range of 4.20 -5.21 considered to be below the WHO permissible limit whereas only one of three samples from Ilaje Local Government had acidic pH of 5.23. The concentrations of the heavy metals varied among the samples with manganese (0.183-0.311) mg/L exceeding the 0.08 mg/L prescribed by the WHO. The high microbial load, acidic pH of 4.20 -5.23 in 77.78 % of samples and elevated amount of certain metals suggest the need for water quality monitoring and intervention by government and oil multinationals operating in the area noting that adequate supply of safe - drinking water will improve human health and reduce the burden of waterborne diseases.
Simulation of High-Gain Microstrip Patch Antennas for 5G Applications
Authors: Yusuf M.A. , Ali M.H. 
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a single-band Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) with L, T, and other suitable slots, specifically designed for high-gain performance in fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems. Incorporating these innovative slots onto a single rectangular patch antenna yielded substantial improvements in gain and bandwidth, addressing the requirements of 5G applications. The investigation was conducted within the Computer Studio Suite (CST) simulation environment, utilizing simulated structures to identify optimized slot dimensions. The performance and dimensions of the newly modified patch antennas are systematically assessed and compared against those of a previously developed single microstrip patch antenna and an array designed for operation at 28 GHz. The results of the proposed antennas exhibited significant gain and directivity, noticeable bandwidth, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), and efficiency at the selected resonance frequency. The successful implementation of this proposed design holds the potential to greatly simplify the integration of 5G applications into handheld devices.
Assessment of the Ecology of Diatoms in Relation to Environmental Variables in Landzu River Bida Niger State Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed A.Z. , Adama S.B. , Adamu A.S. , Auta Y.I. , Mohammed Y.M. 
Published: April 2024

Diatoms are widely utilised as excellent environmental indicators due to their ability to react to a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological changes that take place in the aquatic environment. This study was carried out to investigate some aspects of the ecology of diatoms in relation to environmental variables in Landzu River Bida, Niger state Nigeria. Samples were collected from five (5) sampling station and analysed using standard methods and procedures. The results show water temperature (23.63±2.18-25.75±0.25°C), Water depth (23.76±4.87-36.32±3.21cm), Flow velocity ranged (0.011±0.00-0.182±0.01), Water pH (7.28±0.37-7.48±0.35), Transparency (20.50±0.15- 22.01±0.31cm), Electrical conductivity (118.95±0.21-144.6±0.23 µS/cm). Dissolved oxygen concentration (6.4±0.50-7.70±0.19 mg/l), the Biochemical oxygen demand (2.14±0.23-2.55±0.26mg/l), total hardness (30.5±3.19-31.26±2.8.33mg/l), alkalinity (13.83±0.74-14.00±0.71mg/l), Nitrate (0.014±0.00-0.035±0.00mg/l), Phosphate (0.028±0.01 to 0.03±0.00mg/l) the total dissolved solids (111.86±1.49 to 131.18±1.90), Magnesium (0.018±0.01-0.053±0.00mg/l), Zinc (12.02±9.00-23.45±3.00 mg/l), Nickel (4.90±0.45-5.51±0.52mg/ l), Lead (0.44±0.07-1.84±0.04mg/l) and Manganese (12.58±1.30-19.43±2.70 mg/l). All the physicochemical variables measured show no significant (p>0.05) difference between the sampling stations except depth, flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate and total dissolved solids which differ significantly (p<0.05) among the sampling stations while all the heavy metal differs significantly (p<0.05) between the sampling stations except magnesium and nickel. A total of 2499 individual organisms from 25 species were identified. Station 2 had the highest number of individuals with 561 organisms, followed by station 5 with 511 organisms while station 4 had 505 organisms. Station 1 had 481 organisms, while station 3 had the lowest with 441 organisms. The study shows diatom assemblage is influenced by human activities.
Prevalence of Asymptomatic Malaria and Demographic Influences Among Primary School Children in Dala, Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Sule H. , Bala D.S. , Abubakar I. , Muhammad Murtala 
Published: April 2024

Malaria poses a significant health challenges globally, disproportionately affecting vulnerable population such as children. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among primary school pupils in Dala Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria. Utilizing a crosssectional design, blood samples were collected from 107 pupils through finger prick. These samples were then subjected to microscopic examination following the preparation of both thin and thick blood films. The overall prevalence of asymptomatic malaria was found to be 21.5%, with 23 pupils testing positive for the parasite. Gender-wise, male participants exhibited a higher infection rate (73.9%) compared to their female counterparts (26.08%). Age-specific analysis revealed that the 13-16 years age group had the highest prevalence of asymptomatic malaria at 73.9%, whereas the 5-8 years age group had the lowest at 2.38%. These results highlighted the substantial presence of asymptomatic malaria among school-aged children, particularly within the 13-16 years age bracket. The study underscores the need for targeted public health interventions to identify and treat asymptomatic malaria infections in order to mitigate the silent transmission within this vulnerable population.
Energy Convergence in a Structure Optimization and Vibrational Modes of Some Acene Molecules
Authors: Ibrahim Kassim L. , Babaji G. , Galadanci G.S.M. , Abenga Raymond C. , Jamo H.U. 
Published: April 2024

Acene molecules, exhibit interesting electronic and structural properties due to the presence of alternating single and double bonds. There has been a recent surge in interest in studying small acenes, such as anthracene, tetracene, and pentacene. Geometry optimization and energy convergence for acene molecules are essential steps in understanding their properties and behavior. The modellings of MJs was done using Jmol computer code and the geometry of these structures was relaxed towards its minimum energy using a two-step procedures which are; pre-relax the structure with light settings and post-relaxation run using tight settings down to 10-2 eV/Å stopping criteria. The results showed that total energy uncorrected and the maximum force converged. The converged energies for anthracene, tetracene and pentacene molecules are, 0.0057 eV/Å, 0.0056 eV/Å, and 0.0060 eV/Å respectively. For the vibrational analysis, some of the results indicated that the input geometry is indeed a local minimum and not a saddle point. The results also showed a low IR absorption, with maximum intensity of 1.83 D2Å-2, 2.00 D2Å-2, and 1.91 D2Å-2 for anthracene, tetracene, and pentacene respectively.
An Enhanced Sector Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (S-LEACH) using Modified Grey Wolf Optimisation Algorithm and Game Theory
Authors: Bagiwa M.A. , Ishaya N. , Obiniyi A.A. 
Published: April 2024

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and other sensing and communication technologies have given man the ability to keep tabs on his surroundings. Distributed sensors in the form of WSNs are used to keep tabs on environmental or physics-related variables. These sensors operate together to send information via the internet to a central location, where it may be used to inform decisions that have real consequences for people's lives. As detecting, processing, and transmitting all take a lot of energy, WSNs are powered by batteries that cannot be replaced during data transmission. Therefore, it is essential to increase the network's durability by reducing the energy consumption of each sensor node. Power consumption problems exist in network's communication routes between the sensor nodes might have disastrous effects on a network that relies on timely data transmission. Since the sensor nodes need electricity to function, losing that power disrupts data transmission and, in most situations, kills the network. A serious issue with WSNs is their rapid loss of energy. Studies have shown that switching the node from active to sleep mode while it is not in use may extend the lifespan of WSNs. Some have argued that a mobile charger should be made available instead of a sensor node with a changeable battery. Even though energy harvesting the practice of drawing power from the surroundings and transforming it into electrical energy has the potential to address this issue, there are situations in which this is not possible. The objective of this study is to design a more energyefficient algorithm for usage by sensor nodes in order to decrease their power consumption. By combining game theory and Grey Wolf Optimisation with the existing Sector Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) routing system, a more efficient and effective algorithm was developed called Enhance Game and Grey Wolf Algorithm (EG-GWA).
Chromosomal-level genome assembly of golden birdwing Troides aeacus (Felder & Felder, 1860)
Authors:   Hong Kong Biodiversity Genomics Consortium, Hui Jerome H. L. , Chan Ting Fung , Chan Leo Lai , Cheung Siu Gin , Cheang Chi Chiu , Fang James Kar-Hei , Gaitan-Espitia Juan Diego , Lau Stanley Chun Kwan , Sung Yik Hei , Wong Chris Kong Chu , Yip Kevin Yuk-Lap , Wei Yingying , So Wai Lok , Nong Wenyan , Pun Hydrogen Sui Fai , Yau Wing Kwong , Chiu Colleen Yuk Lin , Chan Sammi Shan Shan , Man Kacy Ka Ling , Yip Ho Yin 
Published: April 2024

The golden birdwing Troides aeacus (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae), a significant species in Asia, faces habitat loss due to urbanization and human activities, necessitating its protection. However, the lack of genomic resources hinders our understanding of their biology and diversity, and impedes our conservation efforts based on genetic information or markers. Here, we present the first chromosomal-level genome assembly of T. aeacus using PacBio SMRT and Omni-C scaffolding technologies. The assembled genome (351 Mb) contains 98.94% of the sequences anchored to 30 pseudo-molecules. The genome assembly has high sequence continuity with contig length N50 = 11.67 Mb and L50 = 14, and scaffold length N50 = 12.2 Mb and L50 = 13. A total of 24,946 protein-coding genes were predicted, with high BUSCO score completeness (98.8% and 94.7% of genome and proteome BUSCO, respectively. This genome offers a significant resource for understanding the swallowtail butterfly biology and carrying out its conservation.