bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A FURTHER UNDERSTANDING OF PHASE SPACE PARTITION DIAGRAMS
Authors: THOMAS R. , NARDONE P. 
Published: May 2009

This paper deals with dynamic systems described by sets of ordinary differential equations. As described in a previous paper [Thomas & Kaufman, 2005], phase space can be partitioned according to the signs of the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix and the slopes of its eigenvectors, using "frontiers" described by simple analytic expressions. In the present paper, we develop this approach with special emphasis on: — a preliminary, qualitative, yet quite efficient, description based simply on the sign patterns of elements of the Jacobian matrix — the identification and characterization of two additional frontiers based on the relative slopes of the eigenvectors (in two dimensions only) — the applicability to systems of higher dimensionalities — programs (in Mathematica) that provide immediately the phase space frontier diagrams from the ODE's for two- (Appendix 2) and n-dimensional systems (Appendix 3) For systems of sufficiently low dimensionality, the resulting diagrams give a global view of the structure of phase space, partitioned into domains each consistent as regards to the nature of any steady state that might be present in that domain. Fortunately, the dimensionality of phase space frontier diagrams depends not on the overall dimensionality of the system but on the number of variables that carry nonlinearity; an n-variable system in which only two variables carry nonlinearity can be described by a two-dimensional diagram.
RECURRENCE QUANTIFICATION ANALYSIS OF BOREHOLE TEMPERATURES: EVIDENCE OF FLUID CONVECTION
Authors: CERMAK VLADIMIR 
Published: May 2009

To describe intra-hole fluid convection, fine-scale temperature-time variations were monitored at 25 depth levels within a 50 m long interval (80—130 m depth) in a slim experimental borehole in Sporilov (the Czech Republic). High-resolution temperature data were sampled with a 15 sec time interval for 1.6 up to 2.7 days. The time series obtained were from 10 000 to 16 000 data points. In the upper part of the investigated depth interval, the temperature time series showed a complex oscillation pattern with amplitudes of up to 45 mK (milliKelvin). This variation pattern is alternated with a "quiet" regime below 110 m depth, where temperature oscillations fall within 4–10 mK range. Convection produced temperature signal was studied by means of recurrence plots and their quantification analysis. This method was proven to be effective to detect transitions in system dynamics. The analysis confirmed a relevant deterministic part in the measured signal (quasi-periodic skeleton) and enabled to quantify the periodic—periodic and periodic—chaotic transitions in the borehole convection dynamics. Thermal dynamics is richer and cooler at shallower depths. The results were confirmed with temperature time series registered at the bottom hole, where the probe penetrated into soft mud debris, which prevented convection, and restricted heat transport to a pure conduction.
THE LOWER CENTRAL AND DERIVED SERIES OF THE BRAID GROUPS OF THE FINITELY-PUNCTURED SPHERE
Authors: GONÇALVES DACIBERG LIMA , GUASCHI JOHN 
Published: May 2009

Motivated in part by the study of Fadell–Neuwirth short exact sequences, we determine the lower central and derived series for the braid groups of the finitely-punctured sphere. For n ≥ 1, the class of m-string braid groups Bm(𝕊2\{x1,…,xn}) of the n-punctured sphere includes the usual Artin braid groups Bm(for n = 1), those of the annulus, which are Artin groups of type B (for n = 2), and affine Artin groups of type [Formula: see text] (for n = 3).We first consider the case n = 1. Motivated by the study of almost periodic solutions of algebraic equations with almost periodic coefficients, Gorin and Lin calculated the commutator subgroup of the Artin braid groups. We extend their results, and show that the lower central series (respectively, derived series) of Bmis completely determined for all m ∈ ℕ (respectively, for all m ≠ 4). In the exceptional case m = 4, we obtain some higher elements of the derived series and its quotients.When n ≥ 2, we prove that the lower central series (respectively, derived series) of Bm(𝕊2\{x1,…,xn}) is constant from the commutator subgroup onwards for all m ≥ 3 (respectively, m ≥ 5). The case m = 1 is that of the free group of rank n - 1. The case n = 2 is of particular interest notably when m = 2 also. In this case, the commutator subgroup is a free group of infinite rank. We then go on to show that B2(𝕊2\{x1,x2}) admits various interpretations, as the Baumslag–Solitar group BS(2,2), or as a one-relator group with non-trivial centre for example. We conclude from this latter fact that B2(𝕊2\{x1,x2}) is residually nilpotent, and that from the commutator subgroup onwards, its lower central series coincides with that of the free product ℤ2* ℤ. Further, its lower central series quotients Γi/Γi + 1are direct sums of copies of ℤ2, the number of summands being determined explicitly. In the case m ≥ 3 and n = 2, we obtain a presentation of the derived subgroup, from which we deduce its Abelianization. Finally, in the case n = 3, we obtain partial results for the derived series, and we prove that the lower central series quotients Γi/Γi + 1are 2-elementary finitely-generated groups.
A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR THE STRATEGIC ORIENTATION OF SMALL FIRMS
Authors: FULFORD HEATHER , RIZZO ALEX 
Published: May 2009

The study of patterns of small firm strategic behavior, or strategic orientation, is gradually gaining prominence in the literature. Strategic behavior is a consequence of various antecedents, such as the prevalent management philosophy and environmental dynamism. It, in turn, determines the particular engineering stance adopted, structures and processes deployed, and ultimately, organizational performance. The purpose of this paper is to critique, enhance and extend a model proposed by Aloulou and Fayolle (2005) that is focused particularly on the entrepreneurial orientation of small firms. A model is proposed for small firm strategic orientation that is based on a configurational approach, and applies the concepts of the adaptive cycle and the firm's lifecycle. The rationale for, and the various dimensions of the proposed model are described, and recommendations made for future research on small firm strategic behavior.
Gerald Odonis' Tractatus de suppositionibus: What is suppositio communicabilis?
Authors: Brown Stephen 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The Tractatus de suppositionibus, which is cited by Gerald Odonis in his commentary on the Sentences, probably dates from ca. 1315-25. In the Sentences commentary he refers to his treatment of 'suppositio communicabilis' and its species, indicating a type of supposition whose language seems new. This article attempts to find a source for it in contemporary authors and arrives at the conclusion that 'communicabilis' is simply a synonym for 'personalis', the most common form of supposition according to Odonis.
Gerald Odonis on the Notion of esse tertio adiacens
Authors: Spruyt Joke 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Gerald Odonis' logic is generous in its acceptance of ontological counterparts of linguistic expressions. He claims that universals have an objective status and are independent of our mental operations. This article takes a closer look at his views on the meaning of what he calls esse tertio adiacens, i.e., the type of being expressed in propositions of the form 'S is P'. To a certain extent Odonis' analysis resembles Peter of Spain's account of compositio. Unlike his predecessor, however, Odonis thinks that the 'being' used in any true statement, regardless of whether the subject exists or not, is univocal. It turns out that Odonis' account is more in line with John Duns Scotus' intensionalist theory of propositional composition.
Locus est spatium On Gerald Odonis' Quaestio de loco
Authors: de Boer Sander , Bakker Paul 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This article examines Gerald Odonis' view on the nature of place as found in his commentary on the Sentences (Sent. II, d. 2, qq. 3-5) and in an anonymous question (Utrum locus sit ultima superficies corporis ambientis immobile primum) extant in manuscript Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, 4229. Both texts defend a thoroughly un-Aristotelian conception of place as three-dimensional space. Odonis not only deviates from Aristotle's definition of place as the inner surface of a surrounding body, but also from the positions of his contemporaries, including fellow Franciscans. Despite some remarkable doctrinal similarities between Odonis' view and that of Renaissance innovators like Francesco Patrizi and Bernardino Telesio, it seems unlikely that Gerald played a role in the rise of new conceptions of place in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. An edition of the anonymous Quaestio de loco is given in an appendix.
Gerald Odonis on the Plurality of Worlds
Authors: Schabel Chris 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Pierre Duhem and Eugenio Randi have investigated the later-medieval history of the problem of whether the existence of more than one world is possible, determining that Aristotle's denial of that possibility was rejected on theological grounds in the second half of the thirteenth century, but it was Nicole Oresme in the mid-fourteenth century who gave the strongest philosophical arguments against the Peripatetic stance, opting instead for Plato's position. For different reasons, neither Duhem nor Randi was able to examine Gerald Odonis' question on the subject. In this text, edited here, Odonis also opposes Aristotle for philosophical reasons and sides explicitly with Plato. Was Oresme aware of Odonis' opinion?
Letters and Politics: Gerald Odonis vs. Francis of Marchia
Authors: Lambertini Roberto 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Gerald Odonis and Francis of Marchia, both Franciscan masters of theology active in the early fourteenth century, played an important role in the controversies that split the Franciscan Order as a result of Pope John XXII's decisions concerning the theory of religious poverty. They fought on opposite fronts: Odonis was elected Minister General after the deposition of Michael of Cesena, whom Francis supported in the struggle against the pope. This paper reconstructs the different stages at which Francis became a target of Odonis' repressive actions against his dissident former confreres, from the first mention of Francis' name in the lists of rebels to the letter Quid niteris, where Odonis reproaches Francis for his purported violations of the Franciscan Rule. Odonis most probably intentionally avoided entering the slippery ground of the poverty controversy and preferred attacking Francis on ecclesio-political issues.
Islamic Feminism: Leadership Roles and Public Representation
Authors: Jawad Haifaa 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIslamic feminism is a worldwide movement housed within the broader, contemporary reform movement operating in the Muslim world. This feminist subdivision consists of scholars and activists who are working to achieve gender equality and social justice within an explicitly religious, Islamic framework. Although a relatively recent phenomenon, the roots of this trend can be traced back to the mid-nineteenth century, when women in several Muslim countries voiced concerns regarding patriarchal traditions and practices in their societies and formulated principles about women's rights in explicitly Islamic terms. Yet these early feminist expressions were kept at the periphery and were not allowed to influence mainstream Islamic thought or to be implemented into political, social, legal and other rights. They remained marginal and isolated, chiefly due to hostile political and religious establishments.
Beyond Harem Walls: Redefining Women's Space in Works by Assia Djebar, Malek Alloula and Fatima Mernissi
Authors: Bentahar Ziad 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOrientalist and colonial representations of harems have resulted in the association of North African women with domestic confinement. North African authors such as Assia Djebar (1980), Malek Alloula (1981) and Fatima Mernissi (1994), however, suggest that this view is biased. While focusing largely on Fatima Mernissi's memoir, Dreams of Trespass, this article builds on these authors' exploration of the various ways in which women of the Maghreb are portrayed, in order to provide a clearer understanding of the dynamics of women's space in the context of colonial North Africa.
The Wall of Uruk: Iconicities in Gilgamesh
Authors: Dickson Keith 
Published: May 2009

Abstract"The Wall of Uruk: Iconicities in Gilgamesh". This article examines the invitation in the SV prologue to Gilgamesh (I 1-28) as a device to engage the reader in a series of iconic acts that aim to preserve heroic glory. Since two artifacts in particular—the wall of Uruk and the inscribed tablet—mediate these acts, I investigate the nature of artifacts in general in the poem, and specifically focus on three: the corpse of Enkidu, his funeral statue, and the divine fruit in the garden at the end of Tablet IX. These three stand related to each other as a series of iconic representations of the emplacement of life within various bodies. In the context of these representations, the lapis lazuli tablet on which Gilgamesh allegedly inscribes his tale also figures as a kind of body: a relatively permanent one that appropriates the reader's voice through the act of recitation to grant Gilgamesh perpetually renewable life.
Maria Strick, Schoolmistress and Calligrapher in Early Seventeenth-Century Holland
Authors: Croiset van Uchelen Ton 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFrom about the 1590s to the middle of the following century, calligraphy flowered in Holland as never before or since. Scores of gifted writing-masters produced excellent works of penmanship and printed copybooks from at least twenty-three of them have been preserved. The only woman among them was Maria Strick (née Becq), active as schoolmistress and calligrapher in Delft and Rotterdam between 1593 and about 1630. Her life and work, including four printed copybooks and three prints, all of them engraved by her husband Hans Strick, are discussed at length, as well as her relations with contemporary writing-masters. Full, leaf-by-leaf descriptions of her copybooks are provided in the Appendix.
A New Regime for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity and Genetic Resources Beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction
Authors: de La Fayette Louise Angélique 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLife on earth, the climate, the air we breathe, the water we drink and the food we eat are to a large degree dependent on the health of the oceans and its biodiversity, which supports the global ecosystem. Ocean ecosystems provide essential services, food security and livelihoods to human beings all over the world. Yet, the oceans are currently or potentially threatened by human activities and their consequences, including: overfishing, destructive fishing practices, climate change, pollution from many sources, ocean acidification, habitat destruction, the spread of alien species, mineral exploration and exploitation, ocean dumping, underwater noise, marine debris, carbon sequestration, pipelines and cables, tourism, bioprospecting and marine scientific research. If we are to continue to benefit from the resources and services provided by the oceans, we must take urgent action to counter these threats. Some problems are already being addressed in various international instruments, most of which apply beyond national jurisdiction. However, because of the seriousness of the threats to marine ecosystems, States are considering whether existing measures are sufficient. Furthermore, with the recognition of the need to take an integrated, ecosystem approach to ocean management, some States are calling for an implementing agreement to the UN Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC) to address both the conservation and the sustainable use of marine biological resources beyond national jurisdiction. This paper examines the legal background and urges States to elaborate an implementing agreement to the LOSC to create a new regime for marine biodiversity and genetic resources beyond national jurisdiction.
Do We Need a New Legal Regime for the Arctic Ocean?
Authors: Hoel Alf Håkon 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper surveys matters related to the need for a new legal regime for the Arctic Ocean. It reviews the legal system based on the UN Convention for the Law of the Sea, and the regional and international treaties dealing with resource management, (marine) environmental protection and economic activities applicable to the Arctic. It suggests that implementation of existing legal instruments at the domestic level is a key factor needed to tackle the consequences of climate change and governance of fisheries and marine ecosystems in the Arctic. It is also considered to be the Arctic Council's responsibility to build a common understanding among the stakeholders, thereby enhancing the potential for further international cooperation.
Life at Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vents—Oases Under Water
Authors: Hügler Michael , Imhoff Johannes 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper briefly recapitulates the discovery of the first deep sea hydrothermal vents and the research undertaken within the past 30 years, followed by an overview of their biological aspects. Highlighting two unique characteristics of organisms found in this exceptional habitat: their adaptation to obtain food by microbial energy transformation and recently discovered symbiotic associations between animals and bacteria, it argues that these exclusive features qualify hydrothermal vent habitats as unique ecosystems, and concludes with comments on recent and future scientific studies.
Remembering and Suffering: Memory and Shifting Allegiances in the Angolan Tokoist Church
Authors: Blanes Ruy Llera 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this article I offer a historical and ethnographic account of the Angolan 'Tokoist church'. I start by underlining the reasons behind its 'forgotten history' in terms of academic debates on African Christianity, and then discuss its place within the 'Congo prophet paradigm'. This historical approach opens ground for the discussion between the different doctrinal and ideological tensions (the place of Bakongo ethnicity and Angolan nationality) that motivated its particular institutional growth — tensions and conflicts that are still in play in the recent developments of the church in Angola. Finally, I will argue that the recent transformation of the church into a transnational venture turned out to be a strategy for the overcoming of those tensions.
Lessons from St. Petersburg: Commerce and Civil Law
Authors:   Snijders
Published: May 2009

AbstractThrough the prism of legal history, the author links the circulation of ideas in the eighteenth century between Russia and The Netherlands with Russian-Dutch collaboration at the end of the twentieth century: codification as a tool to provide legal certainly. The concern that the transition in the new Russia of the 1990s to new social and economic models would quickly give rise to legal uncertainty was one of the critical factors pushing for the rebirth of Russian civil law.The collaboration between Russian and Dutch legal scholars and practitioners was grounded in legal reform processes—similar at one level and quite different at another. The author (for the last decade and one-half, a member of this collaborative effort) discusses the similarities and differences in the results flowing from these processes: fundamental principles and formalities being two examples. He also considers the balance between legal certainty and flexibility.The reader is reminded, however, that this has been a two-way street; the case of recent reforms governing the judiciary in Russia is cited by the author as a part of the legal fabric from which The Netherlands might have more to learn from Russian than vice versa.
The Merger of Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation During Putin's Presidency and After
Authors: Oversloot Hans 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAmong the institutional changes brought about or instigated during Vladimir Putin's two terms in office as President of the Russian Federation (RF), the reduction of the number of federal subjects of the RF—i.e., the number of territorial–administrative 'entities' that together constitute the Russian Federation—has perhaps attracted the least attention. However, this policy of reducing the number of subjects by bringing about what is effectively a merger of two or three subjects, thereby creating new federal subjects, is worthy of attention for a number of reasons. This policy is one of the ways in which the Federation's center (re)asserts its dominant position vis-à-vis the 'constitutive parts' of the Federation, which are, indeed, treated as 'subjects' within a more unitary state format. This policy runs counter to what appears to be a trend in many other countries where 'native peoples' (or 'indigenous peoples') are accorded various forms of self rule, often within their 'home territories' ('self-government rights').This article will address the procedures being followed to bring about the reduction of the number of subjects, as well as the reasons for merging smaller subjects, in terms of the number of inhabitants, with larger ones. The possible future of the policy of subject merger will be discussed in the final part of the article. It will be argued that the reduction of the number of subjects of the Russian Federation to merely a few dozen will entail the end of Russia as a federation; by doing so, Russia will reconstitute itself as a unitary state.
Judging the Arbiters: The Enforcement of International Arbitration Awards in Russia
Authors: Budylin Sergey 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article is devoted to the issue of the enforceability in Russia of arbitral awards rendered pursuant to arbitration agreements between Russian companies or state agencies, on the one hand, and private firms operating outside of Russia, on the other. The emphasis is on the enforcement of arbitral awards rendered outside of Russia. Russian statutory law, international treaties to which Russia is a party and Russian court practice are discussed. The enforceability of foreign judicial decisions, as opposed to arbitral awards, in Russia is also briefly discussed.
Late Medieval Piety expressed in Song Manuscripts of the Devotio Moderna
Authors: Burger Christoph 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBooklets with song texts from houses belonging to one of the branches of the Devotio Moderna often contain texts of songs which had been sung earlier. However, the fact that such song texts were written down in booklets shows that they were valued by their owners, who chose to express their personal piety in these songs. Manuscripts of this type are a kind of personal creed. Compared with the heavenly Jerusalem, life on earth is seen as misery, but all afflictions are seen as tolerable if they lead to eternal glory. Heaven is considered as the true home of Christians. On the other hand, the fear of being damned for eternity is strong. Even songs expressing severe affliction end with a confession of trust in God the Father, Christ or Mary. In a booklet written by or for a female Augustinian canon, a specific female piety with connotations of an erotic longing for the celestial bridegroom Christ is perceptible.
“Alternative Spiritual Exercises for Weaker Minds”? Vernacular Religious Song in the Lives of Women of the Devotio Moderna
Authors: Joldersma Hermina 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the Devotio Moderna, women appear to have used vernacular religious song to a much greater degree than men. Why this is so is an as yet unanswered question and the focus of this article. It explores in the first instance how song might have fit into the lives of meditation to which such women were dedicated, arguing that vernacular religious song was accepted but under some suspicion as a lesser meditative mode. It then interprets documented instances of actual singing in order to assess under what circumstances song might have been permitted to serve as meditative vehicle.