bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of a morphine and midazolam combination with morphine alone for paediatric displaced fractures: a randomized study
Authors: Wille‐Ledon Chrystèle , Chappuy Hélène , Giraud Carole , Tréluyer Jean‐Marc , Chéron Gérard 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAim:  To compare the efficacy of sublingual midazolam with oral morphine versus that of oral morphine with placebo in a paediatric population attending an emergency department (ED) with acute long‐bone fractures.Methods:  A sample of children aged 5–16 years with clinically deformed closed long‐bone fractures was randomized to groups receiving either oral morphine (0.5 mg/kg)/sublingual placebo or oral morphine (0.5 mg/kg)/sublingual midazolam (0.2 mg/kg). The main exclusion criteria were narcotic or benzodiazepine use, significant head injury, multiple organ failure, femoral fracture and allergy. Pain scores were rated on a 100‐mm visual analogue scale (VAS) at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min.Results:  Fifty‐eight children were enrolled (mean age: 10.5 years, SD 2.7). Fractures concerned the radius or ulna in 43 cases (74.1%), the humerus (22.4%) and the tibia or fibula (3.5%). No significant difference in VAS scores was observed between the two treatment arms (p = 0.72). Drowsiness was significantly more frequent in the midazolam group (p = 0.007) during the first 2 h after administration. No serious adverse event was observed.Conclusion:  The analgesic performances of morphine and the combination of morphine with midazolam assessed by VAS were similar in children presenting at the ED with a long‐bone fracture.
Nature and the Supernatural in la nouvelle théologie: The Recovery of a Sacramental Mindset
Authors: Boersma Hans 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA sacramental ontology, informed by a ressourcement of the Church Fathers, informs the theology of the mid-twentieth-century Catholic movement of nouvelle théologie. Rejecting the neo-Thomist separation between nature and the supernatural, the nouvelle theologians focused on the sacramental presence of supernatural grace in natural realities. To be sure, differences among these ressourcement theologians cannot be denied: de Lubac and Bouillard emphasized the a-scending character of human participation in divine grace, while Balthasar and Chenu stressed the de-scent of the Incarnation into the created realities of time and space. Nonetheless, the four theologians shared a deep appreciation for the Greek Fathers, which enabled them to counter the neo-scholastic separation between nature and the supernatural with a sacramental ontology.
Passionalist or Rationalist? The emotions in Aquinas’ moral theology
Authors: Ferry Leonard Donald Gordon 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInterest in the passions and their contribution to the moral life is enjoying a resurgence in the study of Thomas Aquinas. But much of that interest assumes that Aquinas’ position is simply propassion. This is certainly true of Robert Miner's exhaustive study, Thomas Aquinas on the Passions. In this essay, however, I question the adequacy of this assumption on two related grounds. First, I examine the implications for Aquinas’ account of the morality of the emotions of his use of the political analogy to account for the structural relation between passion and reason. Second, I suggest that accounts of the passions must consider the experiential differences in the passions of post-lapsarian agents. I conclude that Aquinas’ account of the role of emotion in the moral life is decidedly less positive than Miner's presentation suggests.
Oesophageal button battery injuries: Think again
Authors: Jarugula Rajeev , Dorofaeff Tavey 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe present the cases of two infants with complications following accidental button battery ingestion with delayed presentations to medical care. Both cases had button batteries recognized as oesophageal foreign bodies and removed appropriately but the time delay resulted in significant morbidity as they developed spinal erosion and tracheo‐oesophageal fistula, respectively. Close follow up is required of all children with delayed removal of button batteries as the injury initiated by the battery can lead to a chronic inflammation with significant injury to the surrounding structures.
Assessment of Sexual Dysfunction and Sexually Related Personal Distress in Patients Who Have Undergone Orthotopic Liver Transplantation for End-Stage Liver Disease
Authors: Park Eugene S. , Villanueva Carlos A. , Viers Boyd R. , Siref Andy B. , Feloney Michael P. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual dysfunction (SD) status post-orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) for end-stage liver disease (ESLD) has long been recognized. To date, there are no studies examining how sexually related personal distress (SRPD) impacts sexual function in this population.

Aims
To assess SD and SRPD in men and women who have undergone OLT for ESLD and to compare them with previously published reports on subjects without SD.

Methods
283 subjects (182 men and 101 women) who underwent OLT since 2005 were mailed a survey. Men received the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Female Sexual Distress Scale—Revised (FSDS-R). Women received the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the FSDS-R. All surveys asked about the presence of a current sexual partner.

Main Outcome Measures
Total and subscale scores on the IIEF, the FSFI, and the FSDS-R.

Results
Ninety-six patients (33.9%) completed and returned the surveys consisting of 34 women (33.7%) and 62 men (34.0%). Also, 83.9% of men and 88.2% of women reported having an available sexual partner. Two-thirds of men and three-quarters of women were sexually active. In all domains, IIEF demonstrates that men have mild to moderate SD. FSFI demonstrates that women also have SD. Both genders reported relatively mild SRPD based on FSDS-R. Compared to previously published controls, all domain values were lower in both genders.

Conclusion
The IIEF, FSFI, and SDS-R results demonstrate that men and women who undergo OLT do exhibit mild to moderate SD. Their distress, though, is also mild to moderate, as evidenced by a high rate of continued sexual activity after OLT. Therefore, although SD may be widely prevalent in people who undergo OLT, aggressive intervention may not be warranted so long as the level of sexual distress remains low.
Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide on Erectile Function and Its Possible Mechanism(s) of Action
Authors: Liaw Roeswita Leono , Srilatha Balasubramanian , Adaikan P. Ganesan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIntroductionThe current pharmacotherapy for erectile dysfunction (ED) relies significantly on the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, but quite a proportion of ED patients are resistant to this therapy, necessitating a search for an alternative treatment. We reviewed available published data to analyze current evidence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a novel pharmacotherapeutic agent with supportive role in sexual function.AimTo discuss the role of H2S in erectile function, its possible mechanism of action, and how this knowledge may be exploited for therapeutic use.MethodsPubmed and Medline search was conducted to identify original articles and reviews.Main Outcome MeasuresData from peer-reviewed publications.ResultsAnimal studies using different species, including in vitro study done in humans, show evidence of H2S's pro-erectile effects. The mechanism behind is still unclear, but evidence in literature points out the involvement of K+ATP channel, modulation of protein with anti-erectile effects, as well as involvement of the nitrergic pathway through a complex cross-talk. A new drug called H2S-donating sildenafil (ACS6), which incorporated an H2S-donating moiety in sildenafil, has been developed. While more studies are still needed, this heralded a new pharmacotherapeutical approach, which is multipronged in nature.ConclusionsGiven the mounting evidence of H2S's role in erectile function and how it appears to achieve its pro-erectile effects through different mechanisms, H2S represents a potentially important treatment alternative or adjunct to PDE5 inhibitors.
Risky Sexual Behavior Among Patients in Turkey with Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Heroin Addiction
Authors: Hariri Aytul Gursu , Karadag Figen , Gokalp Peykan , Essizoglu Altan 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
Risky sexual behavior associated with such sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as hepatitis B and C, herpes, Treponema pallidum, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is more frequent among psychiatric patients and parenteral drug abusers than the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate risky sexual behavior in psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCH), bipolar disorder, and heroin addiction (HA), and to compare them with those observed in healthy controls.

Methods
The study group (N = 485; 234 females and 251 males) consisted of patients that consecutively presented to Bakırkoy State and Training Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases in Istanbul and normal healthy controls.

Main Outcome Measures
The chi-squared test was used for comparisons between groups and categorical variables. One-way analysis of variance (post-hoc Bonferroni test) was used for demographic data. A 22-item questionnaire for collecting demographic, illness history, and sexual activity data, and a structured 23-item form for collecting data on risky sexually behavior were administered to the participants.

Results
In all, 10% of the participants had a positive history for STIs. The majority of risky sexual behaviors was observed among the HA patients. The frequency of being sexually assaulted and having homosexual acts among the SCH group were higher. None of the patients had a positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test result. The frequency of positivity for hepatitis B and C markers was highest among the HA patients.

Conclusions
The provision of information and training about all STIs and risky sexual behavior should become routine in the treatment of mentally ill patients, especially those that abuse drugs.
Expression of Aquaporin Water Channels in the Vagina in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Kim Sun-Ouck , Oh Kyung Jin , Lee Hyun Suk , Ahn Kyuyoun , Kim Soo Wan , Park Kwangsung 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane proteins that facilitate water movement across biological membranes. This study builds on a previous report on the distinct localization of AQPs in the rat vagina.

Aim
The purposes of this study were to investigate the localization and expression of the AQPs in the vaginal tissue of premenopausal women.

Methods
Anterior vaginal tissue was collected during transvaginal uterine myomectomy or hysterectomy from 10 premenopausal women (mean age, 40 years) for Western blot and immunohistochemistry.

Main Outcome Measures
The expression and cellular localization of AQP1–9 were determined in the human vagina by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.

Results
Immunolabeling showed that AQP1 was mainly expressed in the capillaries and venules of the vagina, AQP2 was expressed in the cytoplasm of the epithelium, AQP3 was mainly associated with the plasma membrane of the vaginal epithelium, and both AQP5 and AQP6 were expressed in the cytoplasm throughout all vaginal epithelium. Western blot analysis revealed bands at 28 kDa for AQP1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 proteins. However, AQP4, 7, 8, and 9 were not detected.

Conclusions
The distinct localization of AQPs in the human vagina suggests that AQP1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 may play an important role in vaginal lubrication in women.
Effect of Season on Fatty Acid Composition and n‐3/n‐6 Ratios of Zander and Carp Muscle Lipids in Altinapa Dam Lake
Authors: Guler G.O. , Aktumsek A. , Cakmak Y.S. , Zengin G. , Citil O.B. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  In this study, seasonal variations on total fatty acid composition of carp, Cyprinus carpio, and zander, Sander lucioperca, muscle lipids in Altinapa Dam Lake were determined. Fish samples in 2 seasons (summer and winter) were obtained from Altinapa Dam Lake in Konya, Turkey. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were found to be higher during the cold season than in the hot both in zander and carp. Whereas the Docosahexaenoic acid was high in zander both in summer and winter, in carp it was high only during wintertime. Zander contained more n‐3 fatty acids during the cold season compared to carp. Especially, the n‐3:n‐6 ratios in zander were 3.89 and 3.84 in summer and winter, respectively. In conclusion, seasonal variations affected fatty acid composition of zander and carp in Altinapa Dam Lake.Practical Application:  Fish oil is very important for human health because it contains long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially n‐3 PUFAs. No reports have been published about the effects of seasonal variations on the fatty acid composition of important species of carp and zander in Altinapa Dam Lake. In view of these facts, it is believed that carrying out a systematic work on lipid profile of carp and zander in this dam lake is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this work is to characterize and compare carp and zander muscle lipids in terms of their fatty acid in different seasons of the year. As a result, fatty acid compositions of 2 fish species muscle lipids have been identified. This is important for the consumers’ health.
Prediction of Effect of Natural Antioxidant Compounds on Hazelnut Oil Oxidation by Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference System and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Yalcin Hasan , Ozturk Ismet , Karaman Safa , Kisi Ozgur , Sagdic Osman , Kayacier Ahmed 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  In this study, natural compounds including gallic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, β‐carotene, and retinol were used as antioxidant agents in order to prevent and decrease oxidation in hazelnut oil. Quercetin showed the strongest antioxidative effect among the antioxidative agents, during storage. The accuracy of adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural network (ANN) models was studied to estimate the oil samples’ peroxide value (PV), free fatty acid (FFA), and iodine values (IV). The root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and determination coefficient (R2) statistics were used to evaluate the models’ accuracy. Comparison of the models showed that the ANFIS model performed better than the ANN and multiple linear regressions (MLR) models for estimating the PV, FFA, and IV. The values of R2 and RMSE were found to be 0.9966 and 2.51, 0.6269 and 88.55, 0.5120 and 101.8 for the ANFIS, ANN, and MLR models for PV in testing period, respectively. The MLR was found to be insufficient for estimating various properties of the oil samples.Practical Application:  Fuzzy logic and fuzzy inference systems are common and effective modeling techniques among the mathematical models. They have no expert dependency for the generation of rules and nonadaptive fuzzy set design. They can be used to solve problems without using accurate mathematical models. There are numerous studies about the modeling and identification of food characteristics using the fuzzy inference system (FIS) in the food engineering field. Many model food studies have been performed to determine the antioxidative effects of different plant extracts, phenolic compounds, and carotenoids in a model oil system. However, there is no report in the literature on antioxidative effects of gallic acid (phenolic acid), ellagic acid (polyphenolic acid), quercetin (flavonol), β‐carotene, and retinol in hazelnut oil. For this reason, in our study these natural compounds were used as antioxidant agents and their effectiveness on oxidation parameters were determined during a long storage period.
Myelomatous pleural effusion: A rare presentation of multiple myeloma
Authors: Shameem Mohammad , Akhtar Jamal , Khan Nafees Ahmad , Baneen Ummul , Bhargava Rakesh , Ahmed Zuber , Shahid Mohammad 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMyelomatous pleural effusion is a very rare presentation of multiple myeloma. A 65‐year‐old male patient presented to us with complaints of dyspnea and left‐sided chest pain. His contrast enhanced computed tomography of the thorax showed left‐sided pleural effusion with multiple pleural nodules. His pleural fluid cytology shows malignant plasma cells with eccentric nuclei and cart wheel chromatin and a few cells showing binucleation and multinucleation suggestive of plasma cell myeloma. His pleural fluid and serum electrophoresis showed a distinct band in the gamma globulin region (M‐spike). On immunofixation of pleural fluid and serum, immunoglobulin G lambda light chain band was detected. Bone marrow aspiration showed sheets of malignant plasma cells with large and binucleated cells suggestive of multiple myeloma. The patient was diagnosed with multiple myeloma presenting as myelomatous pleural effusion. Intercostal tube drainage and then pleurodesis with talc was performed.
Impact of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) X Gene Mutations on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Chronic HBV Infection
Authors: Lee Jong-Han , Han Kwang-Hyub , Lee Jae Myun , Park Jeon Han , Kim Hyon-Suk 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe hepatitis B virus (HBV) PreS mutations C1653T, T1753V, and A1762T/G1764A were reported as a strong risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a meta-analysis. HBV core promoter overlaps partially with HBx coding sequence, so the nucleotide 1762 and 1764 mutations induce HBV X protein (HBx) 130 and 131 substitutions. We sought to elucidate the impact of HBx mutations on HCC development. Chronically HBV-infected patients were enrolled in this study: 42 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 23 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, and 31 HCC patients. Direct sequencing showed HBx131, HBx130, HBx5, HBx94, and HBx38 amino acid mutations were common in HCC patients. Of various mutations, HBx130+HBx131 (double) mutations and HBx5+HBx130+HBx131 (triple) mutations were significantly high in HCC patients. Double and triple mutations increased the risk for HCC by 3.75-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.101 to 12.768,P= 0.033) and 5.34-fold (95% CI = 1.65 to 17.309,P= 0.005), respectively, when HCC patients were compared to CHB patients. Functionally, there were significantly higher levels of NF-κB activity in cells with the HBx5 mutant and with the double mutants than that of wild-type cells and the triple-mutant cells. The triple mutation did not increase NF-κB activity. Other regulatory pathways seem to exist for NF-κB activation. In conclusion, a specific HBx mutation may contribute to HCC development by activating NF-κB activity. The HBx5 mutation in genotype C2 HBV appears to be a risk factor for the development of HCC and may be used to predict the clinical outcomes of patients with chronic HBV infection.
Improving the Yield of Blood Cultures from Patients with Early Lyme Disease
Authors: Liveris Dionysios , Schwartz Ira , Bittker Susan , Cooper Denise , Iyer Radha , Cox Mary E. , Wormser Gary P. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Approximately 45% of untreated United States patients with early Lyme disease associated with erythema migrans have a positive blood culture based on microscopic detection of
Borrelia burgdorferi
in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium after 2 to 12 weeks of incubation. In this study we demonstrate that the yield of blood cultures can be significantly increased to 70.8% by the use of a combined culture-quantitative PCR technique and that among those patients found to have a positive blood culture, positivity was detected in over 90% within just 7 days of incubation. Patients with multiple erythema migrans were almost uniformly culture positive by this technique.
Identification of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Blood Cultures: a Multicenter Performance Evaluation of a Three-Color Peptide Nucleic Acid Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Assay
Authors: Della-Latta Phyllis , Salimnia Hossein , Painter Theresa , Wu Fann , Procop Gary W. , Wilson Deborah A. , Gillespie Wendy , Mender Alayna , Crystal Benjamin S. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

A multicenter evaluation was undertaken to evaluate the performance of a new three-color peptide nucleic acid fluorescence
in situ
hybridization assay that identifies isolates directly from blood cultures positive for Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). The assay correctly identified 100% (186/186) of the
Escherichia coli
isolates, 99.1% (109/110) of the
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolates, and 95.8% (46/48) of the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
isolates in this study. Negative assay results were correctly obtained for 162 of 165 other GNB (specificity, 98.2%).
Improved Antigen Yield in Pandemic H1N1 (2009) Candidate Vaccine Viruses with Chimeric Hemagglutinin Molecules
Authors: Harvey Ruth , Guilfoyle Kate A. , Roseby Sarah , Robertson James S. , Engelhardt Othmar G. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
The candidate pandemic H1N1 vaccine virus NIBRG-121 was derived by reverse genetics and comprises the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from A/California/7/2009 (CAL) on an A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) backbone. NIBRG-121 was found to grow poorly in eggs, compared to seasonal H1N1 candidate vaccine viruses. Based on our previous study with H5N1 candidate vaccine viruses, we generated two new viruses with chimeric PR8/CAL HA genes. Here we show that these new viruses have considerably improved growth in eggs and are therefore better candidate vaccine viruses for use in production of pandemic H1N1 (2009) vaccine.
Significant Protection against High-Dose Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge Conferred by a New Prime-Boost Vaccine Regimen
Authors: Schell John B. , Rose Nina F. , Bahl Kapil , Diller Kathryn , Buonocore Linda , Hunter Meredith , Marx Preston A. , Gambhira Ratish , Tang Haili , Montefiori David C. , Johnson Welkin E. , Rose John K. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

We constructed vaccine vectors based on live recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and a Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replicon (SFVG) that propagates through expression of the VSV glycoprotein (G). These vectors expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag and Env proteins were used to vaccinate rhesus macaques with a new heterologous prime-boost regimen designed to optimize induction of antibody. Six vaccinated animals and six controls were then given a high-dose mucosal challenge with the diverse SIVsmE660 quasispecies. All control animals became infected and had peak viral RNA loads of 10
6
to 10
8
copies/ml. In contrast, four of the vaccinees showed significant (
P
= 0.03) apparent sterilizing immunity and no detectable viral loads. Subsequent CD8
+
T cell depletion confirmed the absence of SIV infection in these animals. The two other vaccinees had peak viral loads of 7 × 10
5
and 8 × 10
3
copies/ml, levels below those of all of the controls, and showed undetectable virus loads by day 42 postchallenge. The vaccine regimen induced high-titer prechallenge serum neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) to some cloned SIVsmE660 Env proteins, but antibodies able to neutralize the challenge virus swarm were not detected. The cellular immune responses induced by the vaccine were generally weak and did not correlate with protection. Although the immune correlates of protection are not yet clear, the heterologous VSV/SFVG prime-boost is clearly a potent vaccine regimen for inducing virus nAbs and protection against a heterogeneous viral swarm.