bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow‐related disturbances in forested and agricultural rivers: influences on benthic macroinvertebrates
Authors: Li Fengqing , Cai Qinghua , Jiang Wanxiang , Qu Xiaodong , Jia Xinghuan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFlow disturbances and conversions of land‐use types are two major factors that influence river ecosystems. However, few studies have considered their interactions and separated their individual effects on aquatic organisms. Using monthly monitoring data from two streams with different land‐use types (i.e. forest and agriculture) in the subtropical Central China over three years, we accurately predicted the changes of macroinvertebrate communities under flood disturbances and land‐use type conversions. The dominant taxa and main community metrics significantly declined following flash floods. Several mayflies and chironomid had rapid rates of recovery, which could reach high abundance in three months after floods. And most of the community metrics recovered more rapidly in the forested river than that in the agricultural river. Stepwise multiple regression (SMR) models were used to investigate the relationships between biotic metrics and hydrological and temporal variables. For example, SMR revealed that floods reduced the stability of benthic communities, and the length of low flow period was of considerable importance to the recovery of the fauna. Two‐way ANOVA indicated that intra‐annual fluctuation had more (e.g. the total abundance and wet biomass), equal (e.g. total richness, EPT richness, percent EPT abundance, and Margalef index), or less (e.g. tolerant value) influence on macroinvertebrate communities than land‐use types. Consequently, the effects of floods on macroinvertebrates should be taken into account when macroinvertebrates are used as indicators for assessing river ecosystem. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of genetically modified Lactobacillus plantarum 590 on the gut health of sprague–dawley rats
Authors: Liu Hai‐Yan , Xu Wen‐Tao , Yuan Yan‐Fang , Cao Si‐Shuo , He Xiao‐Yun , Li Shuang‐Ying , Huang Kun‐Lun , Luo Yun‐Bo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractLp was a generally recognized as safe microorganism. Lactobacillus plantarum 590 was obtained by inserting nisI gene into Lp genome to help it tolerate higher concentration nisin. As the unintended effects of the genetically modified microorganism (GMM) are the most important barriers to the progress of GMM, we have performed a useful exploration to establish a new in vivo evaluation model for GMM from the point of view of intestinal health. In this study, Sprague–Dawley rats were orally administered with Lp 590 and Lp for 4 weeks. Fecal samples were collected to determine the number of beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium and harmful bacteria Clostridium perfringens. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to detect the bacterial profiles of every group. Fecal enzyme activities and short‐chain fatty acids as main metabolites were also examined. Real time PCR (RT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze two proteins (ZO‐1 and occludin) and secretory immunoglobulin A to detect intestinal permeability and mucosal immunity, gut permeability and gut mucosal immunity were analyzed to see whether GM Lp 590 can induce changes of the gut health when compared with non‐GM Lp group, andeventually we concluded that there is no significant difference between GM Lp 590‐fed group and non‐GM Lp‐fed group. The conclusion of gut health test was comparable withthat from traditional subchronic test. Evaluation of intestinal health will be a new approach of assessing the safety of GMM. © 2012 IUBMB Life, 64(7): 617–627, 2012.
Gene expression analysis of toxicological pathways in TM3 leydig cell lines treated with Ethane dimethanesulfonate
Authors: Lee Eun‐Hee , Oh Jung‐Hwa , Lee Young‐Sook , Park Han‐Jin , Choi Mi‐Sun , Park Se‐Myo , Kang Seung‐Jun , Yoon Seokjoo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEthane dimethanesulfonate (EDS), a well‐known alkylating agent, selectively destroys Leydig cells. To clarify the molecular pathways underlying EDS action on Leydig cells, we analyzed gene expression profiles of an EDS‐treated TM3 Leydig cell line. In this study, we analyzed the representative canonical pathways and toxicity pathways/gene lists using the Ingenuity Pathways Analysis program. In TM3 cells, 677 and 6756 genes were identified as being up‐ or downregulated after 3 and 24 h EDS treatments, respectively, (>1.3‐fold changes, p < 0.05). Toxicological pathway analysis revealed that expression of genes related to Nrf2‐mediated oxidative stress response showed remarkable changes in early or later stage of EDS‐treated TM3 cells. Several genes related to steroidogenesis and apoptosis were also differentially expressed at 24 h in EDS‐treated TM3 cells. Overall, toxicological pathway analysis using gene expression profiling showed that oxidative stress might be an important factor in cell death in TM3 cells affected by EDS treatment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:213–223, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21409
Metabolism of the antibacterial triclocarban by human epidermal keratinocytes to yield protein adducts
Authors: Schebb Nils Helge , Buchholz Bruce A. , Hammock Bruce D. , Rice Robert H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPrevious studies of triclocarban suggest that its biotransformation could yield reactive metabolites that form protein adducts. Since the skin is the major route of triclocarban exposure, present work examined this possibility in cultured human keratinocytes. The results provide evidence for considerable biotransformation and protein adduct formation when cytochrome P450 activity is induced in the cells by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin, a model Ah receptor ligand. Since detecting low adduct levels in cells and tissues is difficult, we utilized the novel approach of accelerator mass spectrometry for this purpose. Exploiting the sensitivity of the method, we demonstrated that a substantial portion of triclocarban forms adducts with keratinocyte protein under the P450 inducing conditions employed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:230–234, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21411
Fish Oil Recovery from Viscera of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) by Supercritical Fluid: An Optimization Approach
Authors: Ferdosh Sahena , Sarker Md. Zaidul Islam , Abd Rahman Nik Norulaini Nik , Selamat Jinap , Karim Md. Rezaul , Razak Tariq Abdul , Abd Kadir Mohd Omar 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFish viscera, a waste of fish processing industry, can be exploited as a source of PUFA‐rich fish oil for use in food or pharmaceutical industry and at the same time the environment can be protected from pollution by fish wastes. Fish oil was recovered from viscera of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), by different supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) e.g. continuous, co‐solvent, soaking, and pressure swing techniques and the yields were compared with that of the solvent extraction method. The SFE parameters such as pressure, temperature, and CO2 flow rate were optimised by employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a view to maximize the oil yield and minimize CO2 consumption. The central composite rotatable design (CCRD) consisting of three variables provided 20 experimental settings. Multiple regressions determined the coefficients of the second‐order polynomial equation. The optimum parameters for all 4 techniques applied were found to be 35 MPa, 60 °C, and 2 mL min−1 with an Oil recovery ranging from 93 to 99%. The study demonstrated a lower CO2 consumption by the soaking and pressure swing techniques at the optimized conditions. Thus, the soaking and pressure swing techniques were most effective for extracting oil from fish viscera.
Perspectives on Hair Evolution Based on Some Comparative Studies on Vertebrate Cornification
Authors: ALIBARDI LORENZO 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTHair evolution contributed to the biological success of mammals. Hair origin from synapsid scales is speculative and requires extensive modifications of the morphogenetic process transforming lens‐shaped dermis of scales into small dermal papillae in hair. Hair evolution from glands is hypothetical but is supported from studies on the signaling control of hair vs. glandular morphogenesis. Based on immunocytochemical and comparative studies, it is hypothesized that the onion‐like organization of hair derived from glandular pegs which central part produced lipids and some keratin. In a following stage, involucrin, trichohyalin, and keratins were produced in the central cells of the gland and formed a solid medulla surrounded by keratinocytes of the inner root sheath. The origin of this protohair was possibly related to increased concentration of beta‐catenin and other signaling molecules in epithelial cells following the evolution of a dermal papilla. The latter activated the keratogenic genes, already utilized in cells of the claws, in concentric layers of cells of the glandular peg. Lipidogenic genes were depressed. As new genes evolved in the genome of synapsids, new circular layers of keratinocytes containing specialized hard keratins and keratin‐associated proteins were formed around medullary cells. The new keratinocytes probably originated the cortex separating medulla from the external cells that became the inner root sheath. The hypothesis indicates that in a following stage, the medulla was obliterated or replaced by cortical cells while the external part of the cortex formed a cuticular surface due to the different growth rate with inner root sheath cells. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 318B:325‐343, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activated mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway is involved in insulinoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Zhan Han‐Xiang , Cong Lin , Zhao Yu‐Pei , Zhang Tai‐Ping , Chen Ge , Zhou Li , Guo Jun‐Chao 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundInsulinoma was a rare tumor and its pathogenesis was poorly understood. There had no study that focused on the role of mTOR signaling pathway in insulinoma tumorigenesis.Materials and MethodsExpression of p‐mTOR and its downstream p‐P70S6K in insulinoma and normal pancreatic tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. In vitro study, an insulinoma cell line (INS‐1) was treated with inhibitors of mTOR (rapamycin) or dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor (NVP‐BEZ235), RT‐PCR, and Western blotting were applied to evaluate their influence on the expression of mTOR and P70S6K. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT test, cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry, insulin secretion level was evaluated by GSIS method.ResultsPositive expression of p‐mTOR and p‐P70S6K was much higher in insulinoma tumor specimens than the normal pancreatic islet (P < 0.05). mTOR inhibitors can induce decreased expression of mTOR and P70S6K, which resulting in inhibiting INS‐1 cell proliferation, insulin secretion and inducing apoptosis. NVP‐BEZ235 had better influence on inhibiting the cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis than rapamycin.ConclusionmTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway is involved in tumorigenesis of insulinoma, NVP‐BEZ235 and rapamycin offer a promising role as novel drugs in treatment of insulinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106: 972–980. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Associations between interleukin‐6 gene −174 C/G and −572 C/G polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yin Yan‐Wei , Sun Qian‐Qian , Hu Ai‐Min , Wang Qi , Liu Hong‐Li , Hou Zhi‐Zhen , Zeng Yi‐Hua , Xu Rui‐Jia , Shi Long‐Bao , Ma Jian‐Bin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesEpidemiological studies have evaluated the associations between interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) gene −174 C/G (rs1800795) and −572 C/G (rs1800796) polymorphisms and gastric cancer (GC) risk, but results and conclusions remain controversial. In order to derive a more precise estimation of the associations, we performed this meta‐analysis.MethodsA meta‐analysis was conducted to estimate the associations between IL‐6 gene −174 C/G and −572 C/G polymorphisms and GC risk.ResultsNine articles involving 13 studies were included in the final meta‐analysis, covering a total of 1,581 GC cases and 2,563 controls. For IL‐6 gene −174 C/G polymorphism, nine studies were combined showing no evidence for associations between IL‐6 gene −174 C/G polymorphism and GC risk. For IL‐6 gene −572 C/G polymorphism, four studies were combined. There was also lack of evidence for significant association between IL‐6 gene −572 C/G polymorphism and GC risk. In addition, the similar results were obtained in the subgroup analyses and cumulative meta‐analysis.ConclusionsThe present meta‐analysis suggests that IL‐6 gene −174 C/G and −572 C/G polymorphisms are not associated with GC risk. However, due to the small subjects included in analysis and the selection bias in some studies, the results should be interpreted with caution. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106: 987–993. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A hydatid cyst in an unusual location—The infratemporal fossa
Authors: Nouroallahian Morteza , Bakhshaee Mehdi , Afzalzadeh Mohammad Reza , Memar Bahram 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHydatid disease is a considerable health problem worldwide, but hydatid cysts in the infratemporal region are extremely rare, even where the parasite is endemic. Here we report on a 17‐year‐old female who presented with a benign swelling in the infratemporal fossa. During surgery a cystic mass was discovered and histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of a hydatid cyst. Although rare, a hydatid cyst should be considered in a differential diagnosis of benign swellings in the maxillofacial region. Physicians should exercise a high index of suspicion even in nonendemic locations.
Direct Biomolecule Binding on Nonfouling Surfaces via Newly Discovered Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of Lysozyme under Physiological Conditions
Authors: Yang Peng 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWhen lysozyme is dissolved in a neutral HEPES buffer solution (pH = 7.4) with 0.001–0.050 M TCEP added, a fast phase transition process occurs and the resulting novel fiber‐like hierarchical supramolecular assemblies made by primary spherical‐particle aggregation can function as a “superglue” that binds strongly and quickly onto non‐fouling coatings. This binding is highly selective towards lysozyme, and excludes synthetic, chemical/physical activation/deactivation (blocking) steps. By using biotinylated lysozyme, such a phase transition quickly creates a perfect biotinylated surface on non‐fouling surfaces for avidin binding, showing great potential for the development of low‐cost and practical biochips.magnified image
The Role of CNTs in Promoting Hybrid Filler Networking and Synergism with Carbon Black in the Mechanical Behavior of Filled Polyisoprene
Authors: Galimberti Maurizio , Coombs Michele , Riccio Pierluigi , Riccò Theonis , Passera Simone , Pandini Stefano , Conzatti Lucia , Ravasio Andrea , Tritto Incoronata 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe filler networking process promoted by multiwalled CNTs is studied in neat and CB‐filled poly(1,4‐cis‐isoprene) matrices. TEM analysis, tensile, dynamic‐mechanical, and electrical measurements reveal that the CNTs form a filler network at low concentration in neat PI and a continuous hybrid filler network at a lower CNT concentration in the presence of CB, with a remarkable increase of the nonlinear dynamic‐mechanical behavior of the nanocomposites at low deformation. A synergistic effect between CB and CNTs is demonstrated. The addition of CNTs to the CB‐filled PI matrix leads to initial modulus values much larger than those calculated by simple addition of the two initial moduli of the composites containing only CB and only CNTs, respectively. magnified image
Kinetic Monte Carlo Studies on the Importance of the Reaction Scheme in Segmental Exchange of Copolymer Chains
Authors: Szymanski Ryszard , Sosnowski Stanislaw 
Published: June 2012

AbstractKinetic Monte Carlo studies (confirmed by integration of the corresponding differential equations) are used to demonstrate the fundamental differences between the two most often accepted schemes of segmental exchange. Modeling of reshuffling systems, originally composed of homopolymers of various $\overline {DP} _{{\rm n}} $, various mass distributions, and different compositions, is carried out until the equilibrium copolymers are obtained. It is shown that one of the schemes leads always to a random microstructure (Bernoulli statistics) whereas modeling of the other one indicates possibility of formation of all achievable distributions of comonomer units (from multiblock to nearly alternate). The concepts of the degrees of randomness and reshuffling are discussed and new definitions are proposed. magnified image
Hand stereotypies distinguish Rett syndrome from autism disorder
Authors: Goldman Sylvie , Temudo Teresa 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:Rett syndrome (RTT) and autism disorder (AD) are 2 neurodevelopmental disorders of early life that share phenotypic features, one being hand stereotypies. Distinguishing RTT from AD often represents a challenge, and given their distinct long‐term prognoses, this issue may have far‐reaching implications. With the advances in genetic testing, the contribution of clinical manifestations in distinguishing RTT from AD has been overlooked.Methods:A comparison of hand stereotypies in 20 children with RTT and 20 with AD was performed using detailed analyses of videotaped standardized observations.Results:Striking differences are observed between RTT and AD children. In RTT, hand stereotypies are predominantly complex, continuous, localized to the body midline, and involving mouthing. Conversely, in AD children, hand stereotypies are simple, bilateral, intermittent, and often involving objects.Conclusions:These results provide important clinical signs useful to the differential diagnosis of RTT versus AD, especially when genetic testing for RTT is not an option. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
The role of androgens on hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α‐induced angiogenesis and on the survival of ischemically challenged skin flaps in a rat model
Authors: Shafighi Maziar , Olariu Radu , Brun Claudio , Fathi Ali R. , Djafarzadeh Siamak , Jakob Stephan M. , Hunger Robert E. , Banic Andrej , Constantinescu Mihai A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:Effects of androgens on angiogenesis are controversial. Hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α promotes expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that stimulates angiogenesis.Purpose:This study investigates whether androgens stabilize HIF‐1α in endothelial cells, and androgen depletion decreases VEGF concentrations and skin flap survival.Materials and Methods:Male human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and HIF‐1α expression was measured. In male Wistar rats, standardized proximally based random pattern dorsal skin flaps (3 × 9 cm) were raised 4 weeks after orchiectomy and sham operation, respectively (n = 10, each). Flap VEGF concentrations (immunohistochemistry), perfusion (Laser Doppler), and viability (digital planimetry) were measured.Results:DHT induced HIF‐1α expression in HUVECs. Androgen depletion induced decreased VEGF expression (P = 0.003), flap perfusion (P < 0.05), and survival (44.4% ± 5.2%) compared to controls (35.5% ± 4.5%; P = 0.003).Conclusion:In vitro, androgens may stimulate HIF‐1α under normoxic conditions. In rats, androgen depletion decrease VEGF expression and flap survival. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 2012.
The gracilis myocutaneous free flap in swine: An advantageous preclinical model for vascularized composite allograft transplantation research
Authors: Leto Barone Angelo A. , Leonard David A. , Torabi Radbeh , Mallard Christopher , Glor Taylor , Scalea Joseph R. , Randolph Mark A. , Sachs David H. , Cetrulo Curtis L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractVascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has become a clinical reality, prompting research aimed at improving the risk‐benefit ratio of such transplants. Here, we report our experience with a gracilis myocutaneous free flap in Massachusetts General Hospital miniature swine as a preclinical VCA model. Fourteen animals underwent free transfer of a gracilis myocutaneous flap comprised of the gracilis muscle and overlying skin, each tissue supplied by independent branches of the femoral vessels. End‐to‐end anastomoses were performed to the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein, or to the femoral vessels of the recipients. Thirteen of fourteen flaps were successful. A single flap was lost due to compromise of venous outflow. This model allows transplantation of a substantial volume of skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle. The anatomy is reliable and easily identified and harvest incurs minimal donor morbidity. We find this gracilis myocutaneous flap an excellent pre‐clinical model for the study of vascularized composite allotransplantation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 2013.
Expression of recombinant Ara h 6 in Pichia pastoris but not in Escherichia coli preserves allergic effector function and allows assessment of specific mutations
Authors: Zhuang Yonghua , Durrani Sandy , D. M. Hodges Brittany , Dreskin Stephen C. , Chen Xueni 
Published: June 2012

Scope: Ara h 6 has recently been recognized as an important peanut allergen. Recombinant allergens have been used for analysis of IgE binding, but have not been used to analyze the allergic effector activity that is more relevant to allergic reactions.Methods and results: Ara h 6 was expressed as a recombinant protein in both Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris (rAra h 6‐E. coli and rAra h 6‐Pichia, respectively). Effector activity was assayed by measuring degranulation of RBL SX‐38 cells sensitized with IgE from patients with severe peanut allergy. Compared to native Ara h 6 (nAra h 6), rAra h 6‐Pichia had intact effector function whereas rAra h 6‐E. coli had significantly reduced function. The lower effector activity in rAra h 6‐E. coli compared to nAra h 6 and rAra h 6‐Pichia did not appear to be due to differences in posttranslational modificatons (analyzed by mass spectrometry and staining for carbohydrates) and may be due to subtle alteration(s) of folding seen on CD analysis and on nonreduced gels. Finally, we introduced point mutations in four important IgE‐binding linear epitopes of Ara h 6 and found dramatically reduced allergic effector activity.Conclusion: Our studies demonstrate the utility of fully functional rAra h 6‐Pichia as a starting point for analysis of specific mutations that adversely affect allergic effector function.