bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of formulation parameters on the drug release and floating properties of gastric floating two-layer tablets with acetylsalicylic acid
Authors: Hasçiçek Canan , Yüksel-Tilkan Günseli , Türkmen Berna , Özdemir Nurten 
Published: September 2011

Effect of formulation parameters on the drug release and floating properties of gastric floating two-layer tablets with acetylsalicylic acid
Floating dosage forms of acetylsalicylic acid, used for its antithrombotic effect, were developed to prolong gastric residence time and increase bioavailability. In the two-layer tablet formulation, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) of high viscosity and an effervescent mixture of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate formed the floating layer. The release layer contained the drug, direct tableting agent and different types of matrix-forming polymers such as HPMC of low viscosity, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and chitosan. Tablets were prepared using a direct compression technique. The effect of formulation variables on physicochemical and floating properties and the drug release from tablets were investigated. Floating ability was dependent on the amount of effervescent agent and gel-forming polymer of the floating layer. Drug release was prolonged to 8 hours by changing the type and viscosity of the matrix-forming polymer in the drug-loading layer and all formulations showed a diffusion release mechanisms.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel 2-phenyl benzimidazole-1-acetamide derivatives as potential anthelmintic agents
Authors: Sawant Ramesh , Kawade Deepali 
Published: September 2011

Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel 2-phenyl benzimidazole-1-acetamide derivatives as potential anthelmintic agentsThe present study describes synthesis of a series of 2-phenyl benzimidazole-1-acetamide derivatives and their evaluation for anthelmintic activity using Indian adult earthworms,Pheretima posthuma.The structure of the title compounds was elucidated by elemental analysis and spectral data. The compounds 4-({[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetyl}amino) benzoic acid (3a),N-ethyl-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3c),N-benzyl-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3d),N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3f), 2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-phenyl acetamide (3h), 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N'-phenylacetohydrazide (3k), 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-(4-nitrophenyl) acetamide (3n) and 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-phenyl acetamide (3q) were found better to paralyze worms whereasN-ethyl-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3c), N-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3e), 4-({[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetyl}amino) benzoic acid (3j), 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-ethyl acetamide (31) and 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-phenyl acetamide (3q) were better to cause death of worms compared to the anthelmintic drug albendazole.
Une progressive rationalisationde l'encadrement des chômeurs
Authors: Divay Sophie 
Published: September 2011

À partir de la fin des années 1970, des dispositifs d’aide à la recherche d’emploi se sont progressivement développés pa-rallèlement à la croissance du chômage. Une recherche me-née au milieu des années 1990, portant sur les productions écrites et les discours de spécialistes de la recherche d’emploi a permis de mettre au jour des univers notionnels centrés d’une part sur une dimension technique qui normalise les démarches des chômeurs et d’autre part sur une dimension comportementale recouvrant un modèle du « bon chercheur d’emploi ». La rationalisation du « métier de chercheur d’emploi » a été suivie, au début des années 2000, d’une seconde vague de rationalisation touchant cette fois davantage les conseillers eux-mêmes tant l’« activation » des chômeurs – c’est-à-dire l’injonction au « retour rapide en emploi durable » – est devenue prégnante dans les politiques de lutte contre le chômage. L’analyse du « jargon professionnel » des conseillers d’une agence privée de placement révèle à quel point la logique gestionnaire pèse désormais sur ces professionnels dont les résultats (taux de placement) représentent des données politiquement sensibles.
Public transport infrastructure, urban sprawl, and post-carbon cities
Authors: Bureau Dominique 
Published: September 2011

Résumé La réduction des émissions de CO 2 liées aux transports dans les villes constitue un enjeu majeur pour la maîtrise du risque climatique. À cet égard les travaux pionniers de Newman et Kenworthy ont suggéré que certaines de ces émissions étaient évitables, celles-ci dépendant de la forme des villes, et de la place des transports individuels routiers dans leur fonctionnement. Mais les orientations à mettre en œuvre dans cette perspective, et leurs complémentarités éventuelles, entre politique des transports, politiques urbaines, et politiques climatiques, sont l’objet d’intenses débats entre les tenants de la priorité à l’amélioration de l’efficacité des véhicules, ceux des ruptures avec l’étalement urbain ou des comportements de mobilité, et les hérauts des transports alternatifs à l’automobile. En Europe, la ville durable est généralement conçue comme l’inversion du processus d’étalement urbain, associée à la constitution de premières couronnes denses, desservies par des réseaux lourds de transport en commun type Tramway. L’analyse menée ici apporte un élément en faveur de ce scénario, en signalant que ces infrastructures doivent être évaluées en prenant pleinement en compte le trafic induit dont elles bénéficieront, grâce à la densification générée à leur voisinage. Pour autant, ceci ne suffit pas à assurer que ce scénario constitue la structure optimale d’une ville durable, qui dépend de nombreux paramètres, et dont l’émergence réclame d’abord un cadre approprié de politiques publiques avec, au premier rang, l’instauration d’un prix unique carbone. Classification JEL : R48, R52.
Geographical Economics: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Thisse Jacques-François 
Published: September 2011

Résumé Cet article présente un survol de l’histoire de la théorie économique spatiale. Il est organisé autour de trois thèmes et de trois auteurs : (1) l’utilisation du sol et l’économie urbaine (Thünen), (2) la nature de la concurrence dans une économie spatialisée (Hotelling) et (3) la nouvelle économie géographique et l’émergence des agglomérations économiques (Krugman). Classification JEL : B10, B20, B40, F20, L13, R12, R30.
The Link between the PDL1 Costimulatory Pathway and Th17 in Fetomaternal Tolerance
Authors: D’Addio Francesca , Riella Leonardo V. , Mfarrej Bechara G. , Chabtini Lola , Adams La Tonya , Yeung Melissa , Yagita Hideo , Azuma Miyuki , Sayegh Mohamed H. , Guleria Indira 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Fetomaternal tolerance has been shown to depend both on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and negative signals from the PD1–PDL1 costimulatory pathway. More recently, IL-17–producing T cells (Th17) have been recognized as a barrier in inducing tolerance in transplantation. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms of PDL1-mediated regulation of fetomaternal tolerance using an alloantigen-specific CD4+ TCR transgenic mouse model system (ABM-tg mouse). PDL1 blockade led to an increase in embryo resorption and a reduction in litter size. This was associated with a decrease in Tregs, leading to a lower Treg/effector T cell ratio. Moreover, PDL1 blockade inhibited Ag-specific alloreactive T cell apoptosis and induced apoptosis of Tregs and a shift toward higher frequency of Th17 cells, breaking fetomaternal tolerance. These Th17 cells arose predominantly from CD4+Foxp3− cells, rather than from conversion of Tregs. Locally in the placenta, similar decrease in regulatory and apoptotic markers was observed by real-time PCR. Neutralization of IL-17 abrogated the anti-PDL1 effect on fetal survival rate and restored Treg numbers. Finally, the adoptive transfer of Tregs was also able to improve fetal survival in the setting of PDL1 blockade. This is to our knowledge the first report using an alloantigen-specific model that establishes a link between PDL1, Th17 cells, and fetomaternal tolerance.
Blockade of Notch Ligand Delta1 Promotes Allograft Survival by Inhibiting Alloreactive Th1 Cells and Cytotoxic T Cell Generation
Authors: Riella Leonardo V. , Ueno Takuya , Batal Ibrahim , De Serres Sacha A. , Bassil Ribal , Elyaman Wassim , Yagita Hideo , Medina-Pestana José O. , Chandraker Anil , Najafian Nader 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway has been recently shown to contribute to T cell differentiation in vitro. However, the in vivo function of Notch signaling in transplantation remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the importance of Delta1 in regulating the alloimmune response in vivo. Delta1 expression was upregulated on dendritic cells and monocytes/macrophages upon transplantation in a BALB/c into B6 vascularized cardiac transplant model. Whereas administration of anti-Delta1 mAb only slightly delayed survival of cardiac allografts in this fully MHC-mismatched model, it significantly prolonged graft survival in combination with single-dose CTLA4-Ig or in CD28 knockout recipients. The prolongation of allograft survival was associated with Th2 polarization and a decrease in Th1 and granzyme B-producing cytotoxic T cells. The survival benefit of Delta1 blockade was abrogated after IL-4 neutralization and in STAT6KO recipients, but was maintained in STAT4KO recipients, reinforcing the key role of Th2 cell development in its graft-prolonging effects. To our knowledge, these data demonstrate for the first time an important role of Delta1 in alloimmunity, identifying Delta1 ligand as a potential novel target for immunomodulation in transplantation.
Effect on Anxiety of Education Programme about Care of Arteriovenous Fistula in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Mollaoğlu Mukadder , Tuncay Fatma Özkan , Fertelli Tülay Kars , Yürügen Birsen 
Published: September 2011

Purpose This study investigated the impact of education, provided to individuals, in whom AV fistula was preferred as a vascular access, regarding information and anxiety. Methods This experimental study was performed on 32 patients undergoing hemodialysis between November 2009 and February 2010 in the Nephrology Clinic of Sivas Cumhuriyet University Hospital. Patients' data was collected by means of Personal Information Form (PIF), AV Fistula Information Form (AV-FIF), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI); education brochures were used in order to inform the individuals. Collected data were assessed with SPSS. Statistical analyses were used in order to assess the data: percentage account, paired samples t test. Results When comparing information and anxiety score of individuals prior to and following education about AV fistula care, it was seen that information and anxiety scores were low and high respectively, prior to the education. Following education, patients' information and anxiety scores became higher and lower respectively. All these results were statistically significant (P< 0.001). Conclusions Education about fistula increased the information level about fistula care and decreased anxiety in patients undergoing hemodialysis. It is important to perform patient education regularly, because it increases the level of orientation towards illness and interventions in patients.
Nanolaminates Utilizing Size‐Dependent Homogeneous Plasticity of Metallic Glasses
Authors: Kim Ju‐Young , Jang Dongchan , Greer Julia R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHomogeneous plasticity in metallic glasses is generally only observed at high temperatures or in very small structures (less than ≈100 nm), so their applications for structural performance have been very limited. Here, nanolaminates with alternating layers of Cu50Zr50 metallic glass and nanocrystalline Cu are synthesized and it is found that samples with an optimal composition of 112‐nm‐thick metallic‐glass layers and 16‐nm‐thick Cu layers demonstrate a maximum strength of 2.513 GPa, a value 33% greater than that predicted by the rule‐of‐mixtures and 25% better than that of pure Cu50Zr50 metallic glass. Furthermore, ≈4% strain at fracture is achieved, suppressing the instantaneous catastrophic failure often associated with metallic glasses. It is postulated that this favorable combination of high strength and deformability is caused by the size‐dependent deformation‐mode transition in metallic glasses, from highly localized plasticity, leading to immediate failure in larger samples to homogeneous extension in the smaller ones.
In Situ crystallization to zinc aluminate films with controlled surface microstructure and anticorrosion performance
Authors: Fan Guoli , Li Feng 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSpinel‐type zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) thin films with controlled surface microstructure on aluminum substrates were fabricated via a facile and effective in situ crystallization method without using any templates or surfactants. The surface microstructure of ZnAl2O4 films could be significantly controlled by varying the experimental conditions including concentration of reactants, crystallization temperature, and crystallization time. After surface modification, the specific topography of ZnAl2O4 films was beneficial to obtain surface hydrophobic or superhydrophobic properties. More importantly, compared to nanoparticle‐ and nanosword‐assembled ZnAl2O4 films, nanorod‐assembled ZnAl2O4 film provided a more effective barrier to aggressive species for aluminum substrates in a wide range of pH values; very low corrosion current density of the order of ∼10−19 A cm−12 could be achieved. A new contribution to the development of advanced coating system with ZnAl2O4 film materials that can be used in practical application for corrosion protection of aluminum materials is provided. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Derivation of critical and optimal operating conditions for a semibatch reactor under parametric uncertainty based on failure probability indices
Authors: Maria Gheorghe , Dan Anca 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTDerivation of optimal operating policies and runaway boundaries for a semibatch reactor (SBR), when highly exothermic reactions are conducted and hazardous side reactions may occur, is a difficult task because of multiple sources of process uncertainty to be considered (variability in raw materials, catalyst, impurities, model inaccuracies, measurement errors, technological, economic and safety constraints). The present work introduces a new criterion based on failure probability indices related to uncertainty in the runaway boundaries and disturbances of the operating parameters. Such a criterion is used not only to derive more prudent SBR optimal operating policies but also to appreciate rapprochement to critical conditions. An example is provided for an SBR used for conducting the hazardous acetoacetylation of pyrrole with diketene in homogeneous liquid phase catalysis. Both uncertainties in evaluating the runaway boundaries, with a generalized sensitivity criterion, and of the running conditions are used to generate optimal operating strategies, making a satisfactory compromise between the productivity goal and safety requirements. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and properties of polytetrafluorethylene filled ethylene–propylene–diene monomer composites
Authors: Zhao Guozhang , Shi Liyi , Fu Jifang , Feng Xin , Ding Peng , Zhuo Jing 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEthylene–propylene–diene monomer/polytetrafluorethylene (EPDM/PTFE) composites based on EPDM and electron beam irradiated PTFE powders (MS‐II, MS‐III, and MS‐V, with mean diameter 5 μm, 1 μm, and 0.1 μm, respectively) were prepared by a mechanical compounding technique. The curing characteristics, morphologies, mechanical properties, and abrasion behaviors of these composites were investigated. The curing measurements indicated that the addition of lower loading of MS‐III or MS‐V enhanced the lubrication of EPDM compounds and delayed the curing process. The morphological structure of the composites demonstrated that the MS‐III and MS‐V were uniformly dispersed in EPDM matrix and the efficient polymer–filler interfacial interactions were constructed. In comparison with EPDM/MS‐II and EPDM/MS‐III, EPDM/MS‐V exhibited outstanding tensile strength, tear strength, elongation at break, and abrasion resistance due to the nanometer particle dimension and good dispersion of MS‐V as well as the stronger interfacial interactions between MS‐V and the EPDM matrix. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Properties of osmanthus fragrance‐loaded chitosan–sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles delivered through cotton fabrics
Authors: Hu Jing , Xiao Zuo‐bing , Ma Shuang‐shuang , Zhou Ru‐jun , Wang Ming‐xi , Li Zhen 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOsmanthus fragrance‐loaded chitosan nanoparticles (OF‐NPs) were prepared via complex coacervation successfully. Then, the OF‐NPs were applied in the cotton fabrics directly. The microstructures of OF‐NPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The sustained property of the cotton fabrics treated with OF‐NPs was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The common OF was also treated on fabrics for the parallel comparison. TEM and DLS displayed that the spherical OF‐NPs kept about 130 nm and dispersed evenly. FTIR confirmed that OF had been interacted with chitosan via the hydrogen bonds. TGA demonstrated that the thermal stability of OF‐NPs had been improved in contrast to OF and the loading content of OF was as high as 12.05%. SEM and GC‐MS displayed that the cotton fabrics treated by OF‐NPs had an excellent washing resistance. Overall, nanoencapsulation with CS‐TPP will provide an excellent method for releasing fragrance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation and characterization of thermoplastic polyurethane–urea and carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber blend nanocomposites
Authors: Mahmood Nasir , Ullah Khan Asad , Ali Zulfiqar , Sohail Khan Mohammad , Haq Anwar‐Ul , Werner Stöckelhuber Klaus , Gohs Uwe , Heinrich Gert 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study deals with the preparation and characterization of novel thermoplastic polyurethane–urea (TPUU) and carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) blends. Blends of different compositions were prepared in tetrahydrofuran using a solution technique, following an ultra‐sonication. The chemical reaction between the two inherently immiscible blend phases was determined with the help of Fourier transform infrared‐attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) spectroscopy and 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopy. The identification of the new peaks in the FTIR‐ATR spectra corroborates the existence of chemical reaction between the carboxylic functional group of XNBR and the amide group of the TPUU. In addition, an increase in the network crosslink density of the blend investigated using 1H‐NMR spectroscopy further supports the occurrence of the chemical reaction between the XNBR and the TPUU. The scanning and transmission electron micrographs of the blend morphology show a uniform dispersion of the minor TPUU phase in the XNBR. Furthermore, the existence of a single glass transition peak also confirms the enhancement in the interfacial miscibility. Additionally, the incorporation of 5 wt % of organomodified montmorillonite nanoclay improves the mechanical properties to a considerable extent in comparison with the unfilled blend elastomeric material. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Free‐standing hybrid anion‐exchange membranes for application in fuel cells
Authors: Lin Xiaocheng , Wu Cuiming , Wu Yonghui , Xu Tongwen 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA series of free‐standing hybrid anion‐exchange membranes were prepared by blending brominated poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (BPPO) with poly(vinylbenzyl chloride‐co‐γ‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane) (poly(VBC‐co‐γ‐MPS)). Apart from a good compatibility between organic and inorganic phases, the hybrid membranes had a water uptake of 32.4–51.8%, tensile strength around 30 MPa, and Td temperature at 5% weight loss around 243–261°C. As compared with the membrane prepared from poly (VBC‐co‐γ‐MPS), the hybrid membranes exhibited much better flexibility, and larger ion‐exchange capacity (2.19–2.27 mmol g−1) and hydroxyl (OH−) conductivity (0.0067–0.012 S cm−1). In particular, the hybrid membranes with 60–75 wt % BPPO had the optimum water uptake, miscibility between components, and OH− conductivity, and were promising for application in fuel cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and Antioxidant Evaluation of Some New 3‐Substituted Coumarins
Authors: Hamama Wafaa S. , Berghot Moged A. , Baz Eman A. , Gouda Moustafa A. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract3‐Acetylcoumarin (1) was utilized as a key intermediate for the synthesis of 2‐aminothiazole derivative 3 via bromination of 1 to afford acetylbromide 2 followed by treatment with thiourea or via Biginelli reaction of 1. Treatment of 3 with 5‐chloro‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehyde, 2‐methyl‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3]oxazin‐4‐one, furo[3,4‐b]pyrazine‐5,7‐dione or 2‐methyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐benzothieno[2,3‐d][1,3]oxazin‐4‐one afforded diazine derivatives 4–7. Also, pyridopyrimidine 8 was obtained via a one pot reaction of 6‐aminothiouracil, p‐chlorobenzaldehyde and 3‐acetylcoumarin. Moreover, refluxing of 6‐aminothiouracil with one equivalent amount of 2 afforded the thiazolopyrimidine 9, while the pyrrolothiazolopyrimidine 10 was revealed when two equivalent amounts of 2 was used. Furthermore, treatment of enamine 11 with 2‐aminobenzothiazole or 6‐aminothiouracil afforded the pyrimidine derivatives 12 and 13, respectively. Transamination of enamine 11 with m‐anisidine followed by cyclization of the resulting enaminone 14 gave the desired quinoline 15. Also, treatment of 11 with thiophenol in dioxane gave the mercapto derivative 16. Moreover, coupling of 11 with 4,6‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐3‐yl‐diazonium chloride, followed by complete cyclization of the resulting product afforded the pyridopyrazolothiazine 19 via the intermediate 18. Furthermore, the pyrazolopyrimidine 20 was revealed via a one pot condensation of 11, 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one and ammonium acetate. The thiadiazine derivatives 21–23 were obtained via treatment of 2 with the corresponding o‐aminothiols. Desulphonation of 23 afforded the pyrazolotriazine 24. Finally, reaction of 2 with 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde gave benzofuran derivative 25. Representative compounds of the synthesized products were evaluated as antioxidant agents.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Studies of Novel 2‐Hydrazonylpyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazin‐3(4H)‐ones
Authors: Zhang Guogang , Liu Yajing , Wang Shuobing , Zhou Chuan , Huang Qingchang , Gong Ping 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn an attempt to develop potent antitumor agents, a series of novel 2‐hydrazonylpyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazin‐3(4H)‐one derivatives were designed and synthesized. All the prepared compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activities against A549, MDA‐MB‐231 and HT‐29 cell lines in vitro. Pharmacological data indicated that five of the target compounds showed cytotoxicity against A549 cell line below a concentration of 1 µM. Compound 15g was the most potent one with IC50 values of 0.19, 2.11 and 2.15 µM against A549, MDA‐MB‐231 and HT29 cell lines, respectively.