bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An asset‐based approach to indigenous development in Taiwan
Authors: Hipwell William T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNumerous scholars studying community efforts to (re‐)establish autonomy have begun to focus on the importance of empowerment in the economic, political and cultural spheres. There is a growing understanding that such empowerment can be hastened by affirmative development strategies that build on community assets and capacities rather than attempting to redress – and thereby emphasising – needs or lack. Such development work reflects intertwined currents in contemporary philosophy, influenced by the thought of Friedrich Nietzsche and of Gilles Deleuze. In Taiwan, a recent resurgence in identities among marginalised aboriginal or indigenous peoples (‘Formosans’) has been accompanied by novel approaches to development. This discussion heuristically employs a set of development theories that are essentially variants of ‘asset‐based community development’ (ABCD) to suggest that a focus on affirmation and empowerment has been and can be a key to success in Formosan development initiatives. The paper presents the results of qualitative field research, illuminating three case studies of Formosan development – in Tsou, Tayal and Taroko territories. It argues that Formosan development will benefit from a focus on community capacity, political empowerment and social as well as physical assets, and that to an important degree this has already happened in some communities.
New Polynesian Triangle: Rethinking Polynesian migration and development in the Pacific
Authors: Barcham Manuhuia , Scheyvens Regina , Overton John 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFor many Polynesians migration is still framed within a particular spatial context, although on an enlarged scale – one that we have termed the New Polynesian Triangle. With its apexes in the North American continent to the east, Australia in the west and New Zealand in the south, this New Polynesian Triangle encompasses a particular field through which ongoing Polynesian migration and movement continues to occur. Movement within this New Polynesian Triangle is both multidimensional and multidirectional. While it is the movement of economic resources, particularly remittances, that has captured the interest of many agencies operating in the region, we argue that such economic flows are integrally linked with other flows – of goods, ideas, skills and culture – to form a single dynamic system of movement. Importantly, such flows are not uni‐directional (from ‘rich’ to ‘poor’ countries) as was assumed in times past. In developing ideas on the New Polynesian Triangle, we wish to move away from the dominant Western discourse of the Pacific Ocean as a barrier to development and movement and towards the reclamation of the ocean as a conduit and source of connection and movement for Pacific peoples.
The transition between the phenotypes of Prader‐Willi syndrome during infancy and early childhood
Authors: BUTLER JILL V , WHITTINGTON JOYCE E , HOLLAND ANTHONY J , McALLISTER CATHERINE J , GOLDSTONE ANTHONY P 
Published: December 2009

Aim Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder historically characterized by two phenotypic stages. The early phenotype in infants is associated with hypotonia, poor suck, and failure to thrive. In later childhood, PWS is associated with intellectual disability, hyperphagia, as well as growth and sex hormone deficiency. Little is known about the transition between phenotypes. This study investigates the nature of the change in infancy and childhood PWS.Method Forty‐six children (22 females, 24 males; mean age 2y 9mo, SD 18.9mo; range 7mo–5y) with genetically confirmed PWS participated. Information was obtained on childhood height and weight, and eating behaviour from case notes and by parental interview.Results Weight standard deviation scores (SDS) started to exceed height by the end of the first year. Height SDS appeared to fall from near normal at birth until stabilizing below normal around 2 years. Half of the children whose body mass index (BMI) was higher than normal at interview had food interests greater than that of their peers, and the age at which increased age‐appropriate eating was first noted was later than the increase of BMI SDS.Interpretation Obesity may develop before the increased interest in food, suggesting underlying physiological factors independent of appetite control may be important.
The predictive value of early neurological examination in neonatal hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy and neurodevelopmental outcome at 24 months
Authors: MURRAY DEIRDRE M , BALA PRONAB , O’CONNOR CATHERINE M , RYAN C ANTHONY , CONNOLLY SEAN , BOYLAN GERALDINE B 
Published: December 2009

Aim  The clinical and electrographic signs of hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) evolve over the first days of life. We examined the evolution of neurological signs over the first 3 days of life, and determined whether serial administration of the Amiel‐Tison Neurological Assessment at Term (ATNAT) would predict neurodevelopmental outcome at 24 months.Method  Term (>37wks’ gestation) neonates born with suspected HIE between May 2003 and May 2005 in a Cork maternity unit were recruited prospectively. Modified Sarnat grading was assigned. The ATNAT was administered on days 1, 2, and 3 of life and a discharge neurological examination. Time to oral feeding and demographic variables were recorded. Developmental status was assessed using the revised Griffiths Mental Development Scales at 6, 12, and 24 months.Results  Fifty‐seven infants were recruited, with 51 (31 males, 20 females) included for follow‐up. Neurological examination evolved and normalized over the first 3 days of life in many cases. At 24 months, 21 children had an adverse outcome, including six deaths. Examination at all time points correlated significantly with neurological outcome at 24 months. The best correlations were found to be (1) neurological examination at discharge (r=0.65, p<0.001), (2) Sarnat grading (r=0.64, p<0.001), and (3) ATNAT on day 3 (r=0.46, p<0.001). The best predictive value was seen with neurological examination at discharge (positive and negative predictive values of 86% and 72% respectively).Interpretation  Persistence of abnormal neurological signs correlates significantly with adverse outcome. The later a neonatal neurological examination was performed, the better its predictive ability.
Assessing patterns of participation and enjoyment in children with spinal cord injury
Authors: KLAAS SARA J , KELLY ERIN H , GORZKOWSKI JULIE , HOMKO ERICA , VOGEL LAWRENCE C 
Published: December 2009

Aim  To determine patterns of participation and levels of enjoyment in young people with spinal cord injuries (SCI) and to assess how informal and formal participation varies across child, injury‐related, household, and community variables.Method  One hundred and ninety‐four participants (106 males, 88 females; mean age 13y 2mo, SD 3y 8mo, range 6–18y) with SCI and their primary caregivers completed a demographics questionnaire and a standardized measure of participation (the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment, [CAPE]) at three pediatric SCI centers in a single hospital system in the United States. Their mean age at injury was 7 years 2 months (SD 5y 8mo, range 0–17y); 71% had paraplegia, and 58% had complete injuries.Results  Young people participated more often in informal activities (t(174)=29.84, p<0.001) and reported higher enjoyment with these (t(174)=2.01, p=0.046). However, when engaging in formal activities, they participated with a more diverse group (t(174)=−16.26, p<0.001) and further from home (t(174)=−16.08, p<0.001). Aspects of informal participation were related to the child’s age, sex, and injury level, and formal participation to the child’s age and caregiver education. Caregiver education was more critical to formal participation among young people with tetraplegia than among those with paraplegia (F(4,151)=2.67, p=0.034).Interpretation  Points of intervention include providing more participation opportunities for young people with tetraplegia and giving caregivers the resources necessary to enhance their children’s formal participation.
Insights from comparative analyses of aging in birds and mammals
Authors: Ricklefs Robert E. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryMany laboratory models used in aging research are inappropriate for understanding senescence in mammals, including humans, because of fundamental differences in life history, maintenance in artificial environments, and selection for early aging and high reproductive rate. Comparative studies of senescence in birds and mammals reveal a broad range in rates of aging among a variety of taxa with similar physiology and patterns of development. These comparisons suggest that senescence is a shared property of all vertebrates with determinate growth, that the rate of senescence has been modified by evolution in response to the potential life span allowed by extrinsic mortality factors, and that most variation among species in the rate of senescence is independent of commonly ascribed causes of aging, such as oxidative damage. Individuals of potentially long‐lived species, particularly birds, appear to maintain high condition to near the end of life. Because most individuals in natural populations of such species die of aging‐related causes, these populations likely harbor little genetic variation for mechanisms that could extend life further, or these mechanisms are very costly. This, and the apparent evolutionary conservatism in the rate of increase in mortality with age, suggests that variation in the rate of senescence reflects fundamental changes in organism structure, likely associated with the rate of development, rather than physiological or biochemical processes influenced by a few genes. Understanding these evolved differences between long‐lived and short‐lived organisms would seem to be an essential foundation for designing therapeutic interventions with respect to human aging and longevity.
Neuroprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide on Parkinson’s disease rat models
Authors: Hu Li‐Fang , Lu Ming , Tiong Chi Xin , Dawe Gavin S. , Hu Gang , Bian Jin‐Song 
Published: December 2009

SummaryParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). The present study was designed to examine the therapeutic effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S, a novel biological gas) on PD. The endogenous H2S level was markedly reduced in the SN in a 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐induced PD rat model. Systemic administration of NaHS (an H2S donor) dramatically reversed the progression of movement dysfunction, loss of tyrosine‐hydroxylase positive neurons in the SN and the elevated malondialdehyde level in injured striatum in the 6‐OHDA‐induced PD model. H2S specifically inhibited 6‐OHDA evoked NADPH oxidase activation and oxygen consumption. Similarly, administration of NaHS also prevented the development of PD induced by rotenone. NaHS treatment inhibited microglial activation in the SN and accumulation of pro‐inflammatory factors (e.g. TNF‐α and nitric oxide) in the striatum via NF‐κB pathway. Moreover, significantly less neurotoxicity was found in neurons treated with the conditioned medium from microglia incubated with both NaHS and rotenone compared to that with rotenone only, suggesting that the therapeutic effect of NaHS was, at least partially, secondary to its suppression of microglial activation. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that H2S may serve as a neuroprotectant to treat and prevent neurotoxin‐induced neurodegeneration via multiple mechanisms including anti‐oxidative stress, anti‐inflammation and metabolic inhibition and therefore has potential therapeutic value for treatment of PD.
To the Islands – Photographs of Tropical Colonies in The Queenslander
Authors: Perkins Hannah , Quanchi Max 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAustralian readers knew a great deal about the Pacific Islands in the early 20th century. This understanding came from missionary fund‐raising campaigns, visiting lantern‐slide lecturers, postcards and illustrated books and encyclopaedia but most of all, after the mid‐1890s, from heavily illustrated weekend newspapers. These were published in all major cities and offered a regular visual window on ‘the islands’, of which three were Australian colonies shortly after World War I. This paper argues that Australians were well‐informed about the potential for settlement, and commercial and economic opportunities. It notes that illustrated newspapers were dominated by ethnographic images of the material culture and lifestyles of island peoples, but that images of wharves, plantations, port towns and colonial infrastructure were provided for those readers who thought the western Pacific should become an Australian or at least a British sphere of interest. Ultimately The Queenslander’s editorial motivation was to alert Australian readers to the economic potential of plantations, trade, mining, travel and settling in the nearby tropics.
Taxonomic review of Hemistola Warren, 1893 from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae)
Authors: HAN Hongxiang , XUE Dayong 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genus Hemistola Warren from China is reviewed, and seven new species are described: H. viridimargo, sp. nov., H. glauca sp. nov., H. asymmetra sp. nov., H. arcilinea sp. nov., H. flavifimbria sp. nov., H. orbiculosoides sp. nov. and H. stueningi sp. nov. Two species, acyra and christinaria, are transferred from Hemistola to Maxates and Comostola, respectively: Maxates acyra comb. nov. and Comostola christinaria comb. nov. Including the 25 species previously known from China, a total of 32 species is now recorded. All Chinese species are redescribed. Generic characters based on all species are summarized. Illustrations of adults and genitalia are presented.
Standby Consumption in Households Analyzed With a Practice Theory Approach
Authors: Gram‐Hanssen Kirsten 
Published: December 2009

SummaryThis article focuses on the energy consumption of households and the question of how daily routines can be changed in a more sustainable direction. It discusses different theoretical approaches with which to understand consumer behavior and introduces practice theory that emphasizes sociotechnical structures as the basis for analyzing stability of consumer practices and opportunities for change. Through analysis of ten in‐depth interviews with families participating in a project aimed at reducing standby consumption, it is shown how technological configurations, everyday life routines, knowledge, and motivation constitute the practice and also structure the possibilities for change. The article concludes by contending that a conception of human behavior that is both less rational and less individualistic is needed to understand stability and change of households’ energy consumption behavior.
Linear Ablation of Right Atrial Free Wall Flutter: Demonstration of Bidirectional Conduction Block as an Endpoint Associated With Long‐Term Success
Authors: SNOWDON RICHARD L. , BALASUBRAMANIAM RICHARD , TEH ANDREW W. , HAQQANI HARIS M. , MEDI CAROLINE , ROSSO RAPHAEL , VOHRA JITENDRA K. , KISTLER PETER M. , MORTON JOSEPH B. , SPARKS PAUL B. , KALMAN JONATHAN M. 
Published: December 2009

Ablation of Right Atrial Free Wall Flutter.
Introduction:
Ablation for atypical atrial flutter (AFL) is often performed during tachycardia, with termination or noninducibility of AFL as the endpoint. Termination alone is, however, an inadequate endpoint for typical AFL ablation, where incomplete isthmus block leads to high recurrence rates. We assessed conduction block across a low lateral right atrial (RA) ablation line (LRA) from free wall scar to the inferior vena cava (IVC) or tricuspid annulus in 11 consecutive patients with atypical RA free wall flutter.
Method and results:
LRA block was assessed following termination of AFL, by pacing from the ablation catheter in the low lateral RA posterior to the ablation line and recording the sequence and timing of activation anterior to the line with a duodecapole catheter, and vice versa for bidirectional block. LRA block resulted in a high to low activation pattern on the halo and a mean conduction time of 201 ± 48 ms to distal halo. LRA conduction block was present in only 2 out of 6 patients after termination of AFL by ablation. Ablation was performed during sinus rhythm (SR) in 9 patients to achieve LRA conduction block. No recurrence of AFL was observed at long‐term follow‐up (22 ± 12 months); 3 patients developed AF.
Conclusion:
Termination of right free wall flutter is often associated with persistent LRA conduction and additional radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in SR is usually required. Low RA pacing may be used to assess LRA conduction block and offers a robust endpoint for atypical RA free wall flutter ablation, which results in a high long‐term cure rate. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 526‐531, May 2010)
Sanfilippo B in an elderly female psychiatric patient: a rare but relevant diagnosis in presenile dementia
Authors: Verhoeven W. M. A. , Csepán R. , Marcelis C. L. M. , Lefeber D. J. , Egger J. I. M. , Tuinier S. 
Published: December 2009

Verhoeven WMA, Csepán R, Marcelis CLM, Lefeber DJ, Egger JIM, Tuinier S. Sanfilippo B in an elderly female psychiatric patient: a rare but relevant diagnosis in presenile dementia.Objective:  Sanfilippo B is a rare autosomal recessive mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS IIIB) caused by a deficiency of N‐acetyl‐α‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAGLU).Method:  A mild mentally retarded elderly female patient is described with a slowly progressive dementia who had given birth to a daughter who developed normally.Results:  Metabolic screening revealed an enhanced concentration of heparan sulfate in urine. Enzymatic assay demonstrated deficiency of N‐acetyl‐α‐D‐glucosaminidase. Mutations in the NAGLU gene were found. One mentally retarded and hospitalized elder brother was also found to have MPS IIIB, whereas a second brother, who had died earlier, is suspected to have had the same metabolic disorder. Prior to the development of dementia, both the patient and her brother showed autistic like features, signs of ideomotor apraxia and weakness in verbal comprehension.Conclusion:  Screening for metabolic disorders, in particular MPSes, should always be considered in patients with a history of mental deficit and dementia or progressive functional decline.
Age at onset in 3014 Sardinian bipolar and major depressive disorder patients
Authors: Tondo L. , Lepri B. , Cruz N. , Baldessarini R. J. 
Published: December 2009

Tondo L, Lepri B, Cruz N, Baldessarini RJ. Age at onset in 3014 Sardinian bipolar and major depressive disorder patients.Objective:  To test if onset age in major affective illnesses is younger in bipolar disorder (BPD) than unipolar‐major depressive disorder (UP‐MDD), and is a useful measure.Method:  We evaluated onset‐age for DSM‐IV‐TR major illnesses in 3014 adults (18.5% BP‐I, 12.5% BP‐II, 69.0% UP‐MDD; 64% women) at a mood‐disorders center.Results:  Median and interquartile range (IQR) onset‐age ranked: BP‐I = 24 (19–32) < BP‐II = 29 (20–40) < UP‐MDD = 32 (23–47) years (P < 0.0001), and has remained stable since the 1970s. In BP‐I patients, onset was latest for hypomania, and depression presented earlier than in BP‐II or UP‐MDD cases. Factors associated with younger onset included: i) being unmarried, ii) more education, iii) BPD‐diagnosis, iv) family‐history, v) being employed, vi) ever‐suicidal, vii) substance‐abuse and viii) ever‐hospitalized. Onset‐age distinguished BP‐I from UP‐MDD depressive onsets with weak sensitivity and specificity.Conclusion:  Onset age was younger among BPD than MDD patients, and very early onset may distinguish BPD vs. UP‐MDD with depressive‐onset.
Myelodysplastic syndrome in elderly patients: correlation of CBC with cytogenetic and FISH analysis
Authors: CODISPOTI K.‐E. T. , DEPALMA L. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryUnexplained anemia in the elderly could represent myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We assessed the utility of using a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) panel for common chromosomal abnormalities seen in MDS. A total of 101 elderly outpatients with anemia of unknown etiology were evaluated. Complete blood count, bone marrow biopsy, conventional cytogenetic analysis (CC), and FISH panel were reviewed. A total of 21 (21%) of the 101 patients had MDS. A combination of CC and FISH identified chromosomal abnormalities in 17 (81%) of the patients with MDS. The remaining 4 (19%) were diagnosed with MDS based solely on morphologic criteria. Except in two cases, FISH did not reveal abnormalities not already detected by CC. Furthermore, MDS patients infrequently had isolated anemia (14%) as opposed to those without MDS (75%). A MDS FISH panel is not more sensitive than CC in elderly outpatients with unexplained anemia. MDS is more likely if in addition to anemia, leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia are also present.
Synergistic Antimicrobial Activities of Folic Acid Antagonists and Nucleoside Analogs
Authors: Zander Johannes , Besier Silke , Ackermann Hanns , Wichelhaus Thomas A. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT

The antimicrobial activities of folic acid antagonists are supposed to be antagonized by elevated extracellular thymidine concentrations in damaged host tissues. Therefore, this study was aimed at screening for nucleoside analogs that impair bacterial thymidine utilization and analyzing the combined antimicrobial activities of nucleoside analogs and folic acid antagonists in the presence of thymidine. Our screening results revealed that different nucleoside analogs, in particular halogenated derivatives of 2′-deoxyuridine, substantially impaired the bacterial utilization of extracellular thymidine in
Staphylococcus aureus
. Time-kill methods showed that 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine enhanced the extent of killing of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) at 24 h against
S. aureus
in the presence of thymidine (200 μg/liter). While SXT (40 mg/liter) alone did not kill bacteria in the presence of thymidine, its combination with the nucleoside analog at a concentration of 8 μmol/liter showed a bactericidal effect. Moreover, 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine combined with SXT in the presence of thymidine showed a broad spectrum of activity against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In conclusion, these data provide evidence that the
in vitro
antimicrobial activity of SXT in the presence of thymidine can be significantly improved by combination with a nucleoside analog.
Comparison of Anidulafungin MICs Determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Broth Microdilution Method (M27-A3 Document) and Etest for
Candida
Species Isolates
Authors: Espinel-Ingroff Ana , Canton E. , Peman J. , Martín-Mazuelo E. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT

Anidulafungin Etest and CLSI MICs were compared for 143
Candida
sp. isolates to assess essential (within 2 log
2
dilutions) and categorical agreements (according to three susceptibility breakpoints). Based on agreement percentages, our data indicated that Etest is not suitable to test anidulafungin against
Candida parapsilosis
and
C. guilliermondii
(54.4 to 82.4% essential and categorical agreements) but is more suitable for
C. albicans
,
C. glabrata
,
C. krusei
, and
C. tropicalis
(87.9 to 100% categorical agreement).