bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Magnetic Nanoparticles–Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Membranes Formed by Self‐Assembly in Solution
Authors: Zhu Guoxing , Liu Yuanjun , Xu Zheng , Jiang Tian , Zhang Chi , Li Xun , Qi Gang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA facile and robust route for the pre‐synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) exclusively assembled on both sides of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets with tunable density forming two‐dimensional NPs composite membranes is developed in solution. The assembly is driven by electrostatic attraction, and the nanocomposite sheets display considerable mechanical robustness, such as it can sustain supersonic and solvothermal treatments without NPs falling off, also, can freely float in solution and curl into a tube. The obtained two‐dimensional composite grain membranes exhibit superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature but responds astutely to an external magnetic field. In addition, these magnetic composite membranes show an enhanced absorption capability for microwaves. The grain sheets are attractive for biomedical, sensors, environmental applications and electric‐magnetic devices benefited from large surfaces, high magnetization moment, and superparamagnetic properties. The effective integration of oxide nanocrystals on RGO sheets provides a new way to design semiconductor–carbon nanocomposites for nanodevices or catalytic applications.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Gadolinium Aluminate using Gd(iPrCp)3, TMA, and O3 or H2O
Authors: Adelmann Christoph , Pierreux Dieter , Swerts Johan , Dewulf Daan , Hardy An , Tielens Hilde , Franquet Alexis , Brijs Bert , Moussa Alain , Conard Thierry , Van Bael Marlies K. , Maes Jan W. , Jurczak Malgorzata , Kittl Jorge A. , Van Elshocht Sven 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFor future generations of non‐volatile memory applications, the replacement of the interpoly dielectric by a suitable high‐κ material is required. Rare‐earth aluminates are potential candidates because they are predicted to combine a high dielectric permittivity with a large band gap. We demonstrate the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of GdxAl2‐xO3 layers using Gd(iPrCp)3, trimethyl‐aluminum (TMA), and H2O or O3. Process windows for both H2O and O3 as oxidants are explored. H2O is shown to lead to better GdxAl2‐xO3 film properties than O3, although the accessible composition range is limited because of the hygroscopic nature of Gd2O3.
Comparison of xanthine oxidase‐inhibiting and free radical‐scavenging activities between plant adaptogens of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Rhodiola rosea
Authors: Horng Chi‐Ting , Liu I‐Min , Kuo Daih‐Huang , Tsai Ya‐Wen , Shieh Pochuen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe present study employed 2,2‐diphenyl‐l‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging and xanthine–xanthine oxidase (XO) assays to compare the antioxidant capacity between two plant adaptogens, Eleutherococcus senticosus (Araliaceae) and Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae). The IC50 value for XO activity for Rhodiola was 355.4 µg/ml, while that for Eleutherococcus was >1,000 µg/ml. Eleutherococcus inhibited DPPH generation by 58.3±2.8% at 1,000 µg/ml, whereas Rhodiola inhibited DPPH radical by 91.1±2.6% at the same concentration. The results suggested that Rhodiola inhibited not only XO but also served as a potent radical scavenger. Rhodiola has potential as a natural source of antioxidants. Drug Dev Res 71:249–252, 2010.  © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of electrode thickness for reducing ozone generation in electrostatic precipitator
Authors: Yasumoto Koji , Zukeran Akinori , Takagi Yasuhiro , Ehara Yoshiyasu , Takahashi Takeo , Yamamoto Toshiaki 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe influence of electrode thickness on ozone generation in an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) was experimentally investigated. The experimental ESP was a two‐stage‐type consisting of a precharger followed by the collecting section. The precharger consisted of high‐voltage electrodes and grounded electrodes. The thickness of the high‐voltage electrodes was selected as 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 mm and that of the grounded electrodes was 1.0 mm. The collecting electrode section had a parallel‐plate configuration. The gases emitted from the diesel engine were diluted with air and introduced into the ESP in order to measure the particle counts. In the present study, the electric field distribution was calculated using the “Ansys” software. The relationship between ozone generation and collection efficiency was investigated. The ozone concentration was found to decrease with decreasing electrode thickness, while the same collection efficiency was maintained. This result was attributed to a decrease in the dissociation area of O2in the vicinity of the electrodes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(7): 24–31, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10291
Thermopeaking in Alpine streams: event characterization and time scales
Authors: Zolezzi Guido , Siviglia Annunziato , Toffolon Marco , Maiolini Bruno 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe present study provides a detailed quantification of the ‘thermopeaking’ phenomenon, which consists of sharp intermittent alterations of stream thermal regime associated with hydropeaking releases from hydroelectricity plants. The study refers to the Noce River (Northern Italy), a typical hydropower‐regulated Alpine stream, where water stored in high‐altitude reservoirs often has a different temperature compared with the receiving bodies. The analysis is based on a river water temperature dataset that has been continuously collected for 1 year at 30‐min intervals in four different sections along the Noce River. A suitable threshold‐based procedure is developed to quantify the main characteristics of thermopeaking, which is responsible for thermal alterations at different scales. The application of Wavelet Transform allows to separately investigate the thermal regime alterations at sub‐daily, daily and weekly scales. Moreover, at a seasonal scale, patterns of ‘warm’ and ‘cold’ thermopeaking can be clearly detected and quantified. The study highlights the relevance of investigating a variety of short‐term alterations at multiple time scales for a better quantitative understanding of the complexity that characterizes the river thermal regime. The outcomes of the analysis raise important interdisciplinary research questions concerning the effects of thermopeaking and of the related short‐ and medium‐term effects on biological communities, which have been rather poorly investigated in ecological studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IEF pattern classification‐derived criteria for the identification of epoetin‐δ in urine
Authors: Lamon Séverine , Boccard Julien , Sottas Pierre‐Edouard , Glatz Nicolas , Wuerzner Grégoire , Robinson Neil , Saugy Martial 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEpoetin‐δ (Dynepo™ Shire Pharmaceuticals, Basing stoke, UK) is a synthetic form of erythropoietin (EPO) whose resemblance with endogenous EPO makes it hard to identify using the classical identification criteria. Urine samples collected from six healthy volunteers treated with epoetin‐δ injections and from a control population were immuno‐purified and analyzed with the usual IEF method. On the basis of the EPO profiles integration, a linear multivariate model was computed for discriminant analysis. For each sample, a pattern classification algorithm returned a bands distribution and intensity score (bands intensity score) saying how representative this sample is of one of the two classes, positive or negative. Effort profiles were also integrated in the model. The method yielded a good sensitivity versus specificity relation and was used to determine the detection window of the molecule following multiple injections. The bands intensity score, which can be generalized to epoetin‐α and epoetin‐β, is proposed as an alternative criterion and a supplementary evidence for the identification of EPO abuse.
The use of capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection for monitoring of glycerol in adipose tissues during a sporting performance
Authors: Tůma Petr , Málková Klára , Wedellová Zuzana , Samcová Eva , Štulík Karel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA CE procedure employing capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection has been developed for direct determination of the glycerol and mannitol polyalcohols in biological and pharmacological samples. Both glycerol and mannitol are fully separated from the sample matrix within very short times of 3.0 and 3.9 min, respectively, when using the optimized BGE, 60 mM H3BO3+30 mM LiOH (pH 9.1). The LODs amount to 0.5 μM for glycerol and 0.3 μM for mannitol. The repeatability of the glycerol determination in real biological materials is characterized by the coefficient of variation values, 0.5 and 3.2%, for the migration time and the peak area, respectively. The procedure has been used to monitor the free glycerol concentration in adipose tissue microdialyzates. A physiological study has demonstrated that the lipolysis occurring during a sporting action can be stimulated by local application of adrenaline. The procedure has further been utilized to determine mannitol in a pharmacological preparation.
Impact of exposure to pro‐eating disorder websites on eating behaviour in college women
Authors: Jett Scarlett , LaPorte David J. , Wanchisn Jill 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether exposure to pro‐eating disorder (pro‐ED) websites influences college women's eating behaviours.MethodFemale college students with a body mass index (BMI) higher than 18 and no history of an ED were exposed to either pro‐ED websites, healthy/exercise websites or tourist websites for 1.5 hours and were given quantitative and qualitative measures designed to assess changes in eating behaviour.ResultsThe pro‐ED website group experienced a significant one‐week decrease in caloric intake from pre‐ to post‐exposure (12 167 calories vs. 9697 calories). Following exposure, participants reported using techniques on the websites to aid with food reduction and had strong emotional reactions to the websites. These changes persisted for 3 weeks following the study's end.DiscussionEven modest exposure to pro‐ED websites may encourage significant changes in caloric intake and increased disordered eating behaviours. By extension, even greater exposures to these websites by at‐risk females may contribute to the development of EDs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Shear strength of compacted soil: effects on splash erosion by single water drops
Authors: Mouzai L. , Bouhadef M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe persistence of soil compaction, caused by farmers' vehicles (tractors wheelings) during the dry season, can affect splash distribution and soil erosion so that surface flow starts at an earlier stage than between the wheelings. To investigate the effects of soil compaction on splash distribution, a dry clayey agricultural soil was compacted in steel cups with a hydraulic piston, and the shear strength was measured with a fall‐cone penetrometer. Two cups were compacted in the same manner, using one to measure the shear strength and the second for splash erosion measurements. A laboratory splash board of 1 m radius, divided into 13 concentric compartments, was used to collect the splashed particles. The water drop diameter used was 4·9 mm falling onto a soil splash cup of 50·2 cm2 area from 8 m height with a terminal velocity of 8·8 m s−1.The spatial distribution of the splashed particles, for different soil compactions, fitted the fundamental splash distribution function (FSDF) model better than the exponential function. The shapes of the curves of this function demonstrated the importance of the source area size; the smaller the cup diameter the better the spatial distribution is expressed by an exponential function. In addition, variability in soil surface conditions contributes to variation in splash characteristics. Detachment rates and average radial distance followed second degree relationships in terms of shear strength. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint EM channel and covariance estimation with sufficient‐statistic chip combining for a SIMO MC‐CDMA anti‐jam system
Authors: Galib Asadullah M. M. , Stüber Gordon L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractJoint iterative channel and covariance estimation with sufficient‐statistic‐based chip combining is studied for the downlink of a multicarrier code division multiple access (MC‐CDMA) system operating under partial‐band noise jamming (PBNJ). To estimate the channel and AWGN‐plus‐PBNJ covariance, we apply the expectation‐maximisation (EM) algorithm which exploits the log‐likelihood ratio (LLR) from the decoder. The proposed chip combiner guarantees no loss of information in the soft output generated by the demapper. In our approach, the channel estimator or the chip combiner only requires the AWGN‐plus‐PBNJ power of each subcarrier to suppress jamming. Therefore, significant complexity reduction is achieved because the receiver does not need to estimate the jammer state information (JSI) and individual variances of the AWGN and PBNJ on each subcarrier for chip combining. Simulation results show that the sufficient‐statistic chip combiner always offers a smaller bit error rate (BER) than the minimum mean square error (MMSE) chip combiner provided that reliable estimates of the channel impulse response and noise‐plus‐jamming covariance are available. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charcoal as evidence of palaeo‐wildfires in the Late Triassic of SW Germany
Authors: Uhl Dieter , Montenari Michael 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSo far only very few reports deal with Triassic (especially macro‐ or mesofossil) charcoal in detail. Here we present the first results of a detailed study of fossil charcoal from Late Triassic sandstones of the Tübingen Sandstein (Exter‐Formation, Rhaetian) in the vicinity of Tübingen in SW Germany. The discovery of charcoal at this locality can be regarded as direct evidence of wildfires in the hinterland of the Rhaetian sea and all charcoal fragments studied so far represent gymnosperm woods. At the moment nothing can be stated about the frequency and extent of such fires, although the occurrence of charcoal in different sandstone‐bodies points to more than one fire event. The charcoal content of the marginal marine deposit probably represents a larger region and not only the vegetation in the direct vicinity of the shore. A considerable amount of transport is indicated by abrasion of some of the charcoal fragments and the taphonomic sorting, leading to the selected accumulation of woody fragments. Some charcoal fragments are permineralized by goethite and we assume that in this case the goethite is the primary permineralization agent. Our data support the assumption that during the Late Triassic atmospheric oxygen concentrations were high enough to sustain larger wildfires. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constrained principal component analysis reveals functionally connected load‐dependent networks involved in multiple stages of working memory
Authors: Metzak Paul , Feredoes Eva , Takane Yoshio , Wang Liang , Weinstein Sara , Cairo Tara , Ngan Elton T.C. , Woodward Todd S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractConstrained principal component analysis (CPCA) with a finite impulse response (FIR) basis set was used to reveal functionally connected networks and their temporal progression over a multistage verbal working memory trial in which memory load was varied. Four components were extracted, and all showed statistically significant sensitivity to the memory load manipulation. Additionally, two of the four components sustained this peak activity, both for approximately 3 s (Components 1 and 4). The functional networks that showed sustained activity were characterized by increased activations in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and left supramarginal gyrus, and decreased activations in the primary auditory cortex and “default network” regions. The functional networks that did not show sustained activity were instead dominated by increased activation in occipital cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, sensori‐motor cortical regions, and superior parietal cortex. The response shapes suggest that although all four components appear to be invoked at encoding, the two sustained‐peak components are likely to be additionally involved in the delay period. Our investigation provides a unique view of the contributions made by a network of brain regions over the course of a multiple‐stage working memory trial. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AMPA GluR‐A receptor subunit mediates hippocampal responsiveness in mice exposed to stress
Authors: Fumagalli Fabio , Caffino Lucia , Vogt Miriam A. , Frasca Angelisa , Racagni Giorgio , Sprengel Rolf , Gass Peter , Riva Marco Andrea 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBecause stress represents a major precipitating event for psychiatric disorders, it is important to identify molecular mechanisms that may be altered in vulnerable individuals when exposed to stress. Here, we studied GluR‐A−/−mice, animals with compromised AMPA receptor signaling, and characterized by a schizophrenic as well as depressive phenotype to investigate changes occurring in response to an acute stress. Wild‐type and GluR‐A−/−mice were exposed to a single immobilization stress and sacrificed immediately after the end of the stress for the analysis of activity regulated genes and of glutamatergic synapse responsiveness. The acute stress produced a marked increase in the hippocampal expression of Arc (activity‐regulated cytoskeletal‐associated protein) in GluR‐A−/−, but not in wild‐type mice, which was associated with a similar increase of phospho‐CaMKII, a partner in the action of Arc. When looking at the glutamatergic response to stress in wild‐type animals, we found that stress increased GluR‐A phosphorylation on serine831, an effect that was paralleled by a significant increase of the phosphorylation of the main NMDA receptor subunits, that is, NR‐1 and NR‐2B. Conversely, the stress‐induced modulation of NMDA receptor subunits was not observed in GluR‐A−/−mice. We suggest that enhanced stress responsiveness in GluR‐A−/−mice may be due, at least in part, to their inability to activate NMDA‐mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission, suggesting that the integrity of AMPA/NMDA receptor function may be important for successful coping under stressful conditions. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polydisulfide‐based Biodegradable Macromolecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents
Authors: Lu Zheng‐Rong , Wu Xueming 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMacromolecular Gd(III) complexes are advantageous over small molecular Gd(III) complexes in contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because of their prolonged blood circulation and preferential tumor accumulation. However, macromolecular contrast agents have not been approved for clinical applications because of the safety concerns related to their slow body excretion. Polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes have been designed and developed as biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents to alleviate these concerns by facilitating the clearance of Gd(III) complexes from the body. These agents initially behave as macromolecular agents and result in superior contrast enhancement in the vasculature and tumor tissues. They can then be readily degraded in vivo into small molecular chelates that can be rapidly excretede from the body via renal filtration after the MRI examinations. Various polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes have been prepared as biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents. These agents have resulted in strong contrast enhancement in the vasculature and tumor tissue in animal models with minimal long‐term tissue accumulation when compared to small molecular contrast agents. Polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes are promising for further clinical development as safe and effective biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents for cardiovascular and cancer imaging. The review summarizes the chemistry and properties of polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes.
Novel polyurethanes with interconnected porous structure induce in vivo tissue remodeling and accompanied vascularization
Authors: Jovanovic D. , Engels G. E. , Plantinga J. A. , Bruinsma M. , van Oeveren W. , Schouten A. J. , van Luyn M. J. A. , Harmsen M. C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTissue engineering and regenerative medicine have furnished a vast range of modalities to treat either damaged tissue or loss of soft tissue or its function. In most approaches, a temporary porous scaffold is required to support tissue regeneration. The scaffold should be designed such that the turnover synchronizes with tissue remodeling and regeneration at the implant site. Segmented polyester urethanes (PUs) used in this study were based on ε‐caprolactone (CL) and co‐monomers D,L‐lactide (D,L‐L) and γ‐butyrolactone (BL), and 1,4‐butanediisocyanate (BDI). In vitro, the PUs were nontoxic and haemocompatible. To test in vivo biocompatibility, the PUs were further processed into porous structures and subcutaneously implanted in rats for a period up to 21 days. Tissue remodeling and scaffold turnover was associated with a mild tissue response. The tissue response was characterized by extensive vascularization through the interconnected pores, with low numbers of macrophages on the edges and stroma formation inside the pores of the implants. The tissue ingrowth appeared to be related to the extent of microphase separation of the PUs and foam morphology. By day 21, all of the PU implants were highly vascularized, confirming the pores were interconnected. Degradation of P(CL/D,L‐L)‐PU was observed at this time, whereas the other two PU types remained intact. The robust method reported here of manufacturing and processing, good mechanical properties, and in vivo tissue response of the porous P(CL/D,L‐L)‐PU and PBCL‐PU makes them excellent candidates as biomaterials with an application for soft tissue remodeling, for example, for cardiovascular regeneration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Improved biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite thin film prepared by aerosol deposition
Authors: Park Dong‐Soo , Kim In‐Sook , Kim Hyeongil , Chou Alex Hung Kuo , Hahn Byung‐Dong , Li Long‐Hao , Hwang Soon‐Jung 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTechnical development for an efficient coating of bioactive materials improves the characteristics of a fully functional implant. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteoinductive effect of a newly developed hydroxyapatite (HA)‐coating technique using aerosol deposition without post‐heat treatment [room temperature (RT) group] on the titanium (Ti) dental implant in vitro and in vivo, compared with that of HA coating with post‐heat treatment (HT‐400 group) or machined surface (control group). Cell proliferation or attachment on the HA‐coated Ti surface was assessed using tetrazolium salt, WST‐8 or scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human osteoblasts (HOB) on RT group were well attached and grew alike in the control or HT‐400 group. The alkaline phosphatase activity of HOB cultured on RT and HT‐400 group was significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Evaluation by SEM, TEM, and XRD demonstrated that aerosol deposition facilitated HA particles to form a dense and uniform HA layer in the RT group despite no post‐heating. In a rabbit tibia model (n = 3), the ratios of bone implant contact and bone area in the RT group (49.88%, 86.05%) were greater than in the HT‐400 group (38.82%, 77.34%) or the control (28.31%, 73.86%). The finding of this study showed that the HA coating using aerosol deposition without post‐heat treatment has a good biocompatibility, and provide a promoting strategy to enhance osseointegration in the application of the dental implant. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.