bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective cleavage of ErbB4 by G‐protein‐coupled Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone Receptor in Cultured Hypothalamic Neurons
Authors: Higa‐Nakamine Sayomi , Maeda Noriko , Toku Seikichi , Yamamoto Tomoko , Yingyuenyong Matee , Kawahara Masahiro , Yamamoto Hideyuki 
Published: August 2011

AbstractGonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted from hypothalamic neurons (GnRH neurons). GnRH neurons have a GnRH receptor belonging to the G‐protein‐coupled receptors. The stimulation of this receptor activates extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). In the present study, we found that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ErbB4 were expressed in immortalized GnRH neurons (GT1‐7 cells). AG1478, a relatively specific inhibitor of the ErbB family, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) for ErbB4 inhibited the GnRH‐induced activation of ERK in GT1‐7 cells, suggesting that EGFR and ErbB4 were necessary for the activation. In addition, GnRH induced the cleavage of ErbB4 and accumulation of an 80‐kDa fragment. After treatment of the cells with 50 nM GnRH for 5 min, about 80% of ErbB4 was cleaved. Biotinylation of cell surface proteins revealed that more than 70% of the cell surface ErbB4 was cleaved by GnRH treatment. A higher concentration and longer treatment were necessary for GnRH to induce ErbB4 cleavage than ERK activation. TAPI‐2, an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor‐α‐converting enzyme (TACE), and siRNA for TACE inhibited the cleavage of ErbB4, suggesting that TACE was involved. After ErbB4 cleavage, the activation of ERK by neuregulin 1 was almost completely inhibited. These results suggest that the down‐regulation of ErbB4 expression is induced by G‐protein‐coupled receptor stimulation. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2492–2501, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CCN3 increases BMP‐4 expression and bone mineralization in osteoblasts
Authors: Tan Tzu‐Wei , Huang Yuan‐Lin , Chang Jung‐Tzu , Lin Jen‐Jyh , Fong Yi‐Chin , Kuo Chien‐Chung , Tsai Chun‐Hao , Chen Yen‐Jen , Hsu Horng‐Chaung , Cho Der‐Yang , Chen Yi‐Hung , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV) gene, also called CCN3, regulates differentiation of skeletal mesenchymal cells. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play important roles in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, but the effects of CCN3 on BMP expression and bone formation in cultured osteoblasts are largely unknown. Here we found that CCN3 increased BMP‐4 expression and bone nodule formation in cultured osteoblast. Monoclonal antibodies for α5β1 and αvβ5 integrins, and inhibitors of integrin‐linked kinase (ILK), p38, and JNK, all inhibited CCN3‐induced bone nodule formation and BMP‐4 up‐regulation of osteoblasts. CCN3 stimulation increased the kinase activity of ILK and phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. Inhibitors of activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) also suppressed bone nodule formation and BMP‐4 expression enhanced by CCN3. Moreover, CCN3‐induced c‐Jun translocation into the nucleus, and the binding of c‐Jun to the AP‐1 element on the BMP‐4 promoter were both inhibited by specific inhibitors of the ILK, p38, and JNK cascades. Taken together, our results provide evidence that CCN3 enhances BMP‐4 expression and bone nodule formation in osteoblasts, and that the integrin receptor, ILK, p38, JNK, and AP‐1 signaling pathways may be involved. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2531–2541, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MC1R expression in HaCaT keratinocytes inhibits UVA‐induced ROS production via NADPH Oxidase‐ and cAMP‐dependent mechanisms
Authors: Henri Pauline , Beaumel Sylvain , Guezennec Anne , Poumès Carine , Stoebner Pierre‐Emmanuel , Stasia Marie‐José , Guesnet Joëlle , Martinez Jean , Meunier Laurent 
Published: August 2011

AbstractUltraviolet A (UVA) radiations are responsible for deleterious effects, mainly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Alpha‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) binds to melanocortin‐1 receptor (MC1R) in melanocytes to stimulate pigmentation and modulate cutaneous inflammatory responses. MC1R may be induced in keratinocytes after UV exposure. To investigate the effect of MC1R signaling on UVA‐induced ROS (UVA‐ROS) production, we generated HaCaT cells that stably express human MC1R (HaCaT‐MC1R) or the Arg151Cys (R151C) non‐functional variant (HaCaT‐R151C). We then assessed ROS production immediately after UVA exposure and found that: (1) UVA‐ROS production was strongly reduced in HaCaT‐MC1R but not in HaCaT‐R151C cells compared to parental HaCaT cells; (2) this inhibitory effect was further amplified by incubation of HaCaT‐MC1R cells with α‐MSH before UVA exposure; (3) protein kinase A (PKA)‐dependent NoxA1 phosphorylation was increased in HaCaT‐MC1R compared to HaCaT and HaCaT‐R151C cells. Inhibition of PKA in HaCaT‐MC1R cells resulted in a marked increase of ROS production after UVA irradiation; (4) the ability of HaCaT‐MC1R cells to produce UVA‐ROS was restored by inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK) activity before UVA exposure. Our findings suggest that constitutive activity of MC1R in keratinocytes may reduce UVA‐induced oxidative stress via EGFR and cAMP‐dependent mechanisms. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2578–2585, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of 2‐(sulfamoylphenyl)‐4′‐(iminoaryl/hetroaryl)‐4‐(4′′‐hydroxyphenyl)‐thiazoles and their O‐glucosides
Authors: Taile V. S. , Hatzade K. M. , Ingle V. N. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn continuation of our work, we synthesized 2‐(sulfamoylphenyl)‐4′‐amino‐4‐(4″‐hydroxyphenyl)‐thiazole (3a), which were reacted with various (aryl/hetroaryl) aldehyde to form 2‐(sulfamoylphenyl)‐4′‐(iminoaryl/hetroaryl)‐4‐(4″‐hydroxyphenyl)‐thiazoles (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f). Glucosylation of compounds (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f) have been done by using acetobromoglucose as a glucosyl donor to afford 2‐(sulfamoylphenyl)‐4′‐(iminoaryl/hetroaryl)‐4‐(2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐4″‐O‐β‐D‐glucosidoxyphenyl)‐thiazoles (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f), further on deacetylation to produce 2‐(sulfamoylphenyl)‐4′‐(iminoaryl/hetroaryl)‐4‐(4″‐O‐β‐D‐glucosidoxyphenyl)‐thiazoles (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f). The compounds are confirmed by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and ES‐Mass spectral analysis. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Design and synthesis of new derivatives of 3H‐quinazolin‐4‐one as potential anticonvulsant agents
Authors: Kabra Uma , Chopde Chandrabhan , Wadodkar Sudhir 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAs a part of systematic investigation on synthesis and biological activities, some new derivatives of 2‐ethyl‐3‐(substituted benzothiazole‐2′‐yl)–[3H]‐quinazolin‐4‐ones 3 have been synthesized, and the structures of the compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis and spectral data. The newly synthesized derivatives are then screened for anticonvulsant activity by maximal electroshock method. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Efficient microwave‐assisted synthesis and antioxidant activity of 4‐arylidene‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐5(4H)‐ones
Authors: Shi Feng , Zeng Xiao‐Ning , Wu Fei‐Yue , Yan Shu , Zheng Wei‐Fa , Tu Shu‐Jiang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe efficient synthesis of 4‐arylidene‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐5(4H)‐ones was achieved via microwave‐assisted reactions of 4‐arylmethylene‐2‐phenyloxazol‐5(4H)‐ones with urea in glycol. This approach provides a facile shortcut for the synthesis of this type of compounds with short reaction time, high yields, broad substrate scope and easy operation. Besides, the synthesized compounds were subject to the test of antioxidant activity, which is represented by their capacities for scavenging 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl and superoxide anion free radicals. Bioassay of these compounds resulted in the finding of several 4‐arylidene‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐5(4H)‐ones with significant antioxidant activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
Rainforest litter quality and chemical controls on leaf decomposition with near‐infrared spectrometry
Authors: Parsons Scott A. , Lawler Ivan R. , Congdon Robert A. , Williams Stephen E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPlant‐litter chemical quality is an important driver of many ecosystem processes, however, what actually constitutes high‐ or low‐quality litter (chemical potential for fast and slow decomposition, respectively) is often interpreted by the indices available. Here, near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to explore leaf‐litter chemical quality and the controls on decomposition in the tropical rainforest region of north Queensland Australia. Leaf‐litter samples from litterfall collections and litterbag studies were used. NIRS was used to calibrate the chemical compositions of the material (N, P, C, Mg, Ca, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, α‐cellulose, and total phenolics) from a smaller sample set covering the spectral range in the full set of samples. Calibrations were compared for both separate (local) and combined models, for litterbags, and litterfall. Coefficients of determination (r2) in the local models ranged from 0.88 (litterbag Mg) to 0.99 (litterfall N), with residual prediction deviation ratios > 3 for all constituents except Mg (≈ 2.5). Mass loss in the litterbags was strongly related to the NIR spectra, with model r2's of 0.75 (in situ leaves) and 0.76 (common control leaf). In situ decomposability was determined from modeling the initial NIR spectra prior to decomposition with litterbag exponential‐decay rates (model r2 of 0.81, n = 85 initial samples). A best subset model including litter‐quality, climate, and soil variables predicted decay better than the NIR decomposability model (r2 = 0.87). For litter quality alone the NIR model predicted decay rate better than all of the best predictive litter–chemical quality indices. The decomposability model was used to predict in situ decomposability in the litterfall samples. The chemical variables explaining NIR decomposability for litterfall were initial P, C, and phenolics (linear model r2 = 0.80, n = 2471). NIRS is a holistic technique that is just as, if not more accurate, than litter–chemical quality indices, when predicting decomposition and decomposability, shown here in a regional field study.
Timing of the younger dryas glacial maximum in western Norway
Authors: Lohne Øystein S. , Mangerud Jan , Svendsen John Inge 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis study precisely constrains the timing of the Younger Dryas (YD) glacial maximum in south‐western Norway by utilizing sediment records from lake basins. Two of the basins, located on the distal side of the mapped Herdla–Halsnøy Moraine, received meltwater directly from the ice sheet only when the ice margin reached its maximum extent during the YD. In the cores, the ice maximum is represented by well‐defined units with meltwater deposits, dominantly laminated silt. Plant macrofossils in the sediment sequences are common and we obtained 18 radiocarbon ages from one of the cores. By applying Bayesian age–depth modelling we obtained a precise date for this meltwater event and thereby also for the timing of the YD glacial maximum. We conclude that the ice‐sheet advance culminated at the Halsnøy Moraine at 11 760 ± 120 cal a BP, and that the ice margin stayed in this position for 170 ± 120 years. The subsequent retreat started at 11 590 ± 100 cal a BP, i.e. close to the YD/Holocene boundary. Withdrawal was probably triggered by abrupt climatic warming at this time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutation classes of diagrams via infinite graphs
Authors: Henrich Thilo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe give a complete description of the cluster‐mutation classes of diagrams of Dynkin types \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {A},\mathbb {B},\mathbb {D}$\end{document} and of affine Dynkin types \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {B}^{(1)},\mathbb {C}^{(1)},\mathbb {D}^{(1)}$\end{document} via certain families of diagrams.
Application of the Low Frequency Raman Spectroscopy for Studying Ultra‐High Molecular Weight Polyethylenes
Authors: Pakhomov Pavel , Khizhnyak Svetlana , Galitsyn Vladimir , Rogova Ekaterina , Hartmann Brigitta , Tshmel Alexandre 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn the frequency range below ∼150 cm−1, the longitudinal acoustic modes (LAM) localized along straight chain segments (SCS) of macromolecules emerge in the Raman spectra of linear semicrystalline polymers. The LAM frequency is inversely proportional to the SCS length; therefore, the LAM band contour reflects the SCS length distribution in a sample. The opportunities given one by the low‐frequency Raman spectroscopy for studying the ordered structures in polyethylene are demonstrated and discussed. The illustrating material consists of both previously published and original data on nucleation and transformation of the ensemble of SCS in powder‐like, gelled, and drawn ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene.
A wideband loop‐like monopole antenna with circular polarization
Authors: Wang Chien‐Jen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA new design of broadband monopole antenna with circular polarization (CP) is shown.The broadband characteristics are achieved using a microstrip‐fed rectangular dual‐loop monopole configuration and an asymmetrical feeding structure. The improvement of CP for the antenna is obtained mainly by the separation between the monopole antenna and the ground plane. The measured result of the impedance‐bandwidth is about 3.66 GHz from 0.98 to 4.64 GHz; the 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth is about 180 MHz at the lower band (1.5 GHz). The antenna is extremely low cost and does not require any truncation corner, reflector surface, or via connections, all of which increase the fabrication cost. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2556–2560, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26353
Novel Polymeric Surfadditives Synthesized via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Their Surface Migration Properties
Authors: Gu Hongyan , Zhang Junwei , Faucher Santiago , Zhu Shiping 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMulti‐functional tri‐block copolymers having fluorinated and triethoxysilane side chains and polyacrylate backbone have been synthesized and used as surface‐active additives (termed as “surfadditive”) in molding and casting acrylic parts. The fluorinated block facilitates migration of surfadditive molecules to the part surface and the acrylate block provides rooting to the part matrix, while the silane block offers functionality to the part surface. This uniquely designed surfadditive allows surface functionalization and modification without post‐processing steps. This work reports the design and synthesis of surfadditives and demonstrates their surface enrichment in molding and cell casting of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) samples. The effects of processing temperature, surfadditive structure and concentration, as well as mold surface property on the surface modification are systematically investigated.magnified image
14.1 T whole body MRI for detection of mesoangioblast stem cells in a murine model of duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Odintsov Boris , Chun Ju Lan , Mulligan James A. , Berry Suzanne E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNoninvasive imaging procedures will be important for stem cell therapy for muscular dystrophy (MD). Mesoangioblasts regenerate muscle in animal models of muscular dystrophy. In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were used to visualize mesoangioblasts in vivo with MRI. Mesoangioblasts incorporated superparamagnetic iron oxide without transfection reagents, and cell differentiation was not negatively impacted. A custom‐built radiofrequency coil with an adjustable field of view and 14.1 T magnet were used for whole‐body MRI of mice. High‐resolution images of mesoangioblasts in skeletal and cardiac muscle of Mdx mice were obtained following local delivery. Labeled cells were verified by Prussian blue staining and dystrophin expression, indicating that the wild‐type mesoangioblasts survived and differentiated in muscle. Iron‐labeled cells were detected with MRI in vivo 6 months following intracardiac injection but were determined to be activated macrophages. Iron‐labeled cells were not detected by MRI following systemic delivery but were present in skeletal and cardiac muscle, visualized by Prussian blue staining. Systemically delivered mesoangioblasts were detected in lungs by Prussian blue staining and DiI but not by MRI in our study. MRI may be useful for short‐term tracking of mesoangioblasts delivered locally but not for long‐term monitoring or detection after systemic delivery. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mapping of 3He apparent diffusion coefficient anisotropy at sub‐millisecond diffusion times in an elastase‐instilled rat model of emphysema
Authors: Xu Xiaojun , Boudreau Mathieu , Ouriadov Alexei , Santyr Giles E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHyperpolarized 3He gas can provide detailed anatomical maps of the macroscopic airways in the lungs (i.e., ventilation) as well as insight into the lung microstructure through the apparent diffusion coefficient. In particular, the apparent diffusion coefficient of 3He in the lung exhibits anisotropic effects that depend on diffusion time (δ), and it has been shown to be extraordinarily sensitive to enlargement in terminal airways and alveoli associated with emphysema. In this study, the anisotropic nature of the 3He apparent diffusion coefficient is studied in a rat model of emphysema, based on elastase instillation, specifically for δ values less than one millisecond. Longitudinal (DL) and transverse (DT) diffusion coefficients were mapped at δ = 360 μs and δ = 800 μs based on a cylinder model of lung structure and correlated with histological measurement of alveolar damage based on mean linear intercept (Lm). Whole‐lung mean DT measured at δ = 360 μs in the elastase‐instilled rat lungs (0.14 ± 0.09 cm2/s) demonstrated the most significant increase (p = 0.00195) compared to the sham‐instilled cohort (0.06 ± 0.06 cm2/s) and had a strong linear correlation with Lm (Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.9). These results suggest that measurement of 3He apparent diffusion coefficient anisotropy, specifically DT, can provide a sensitive indicator of emphysema, particularly at very short diffusion times (δ = 360 μs). Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE TYPOLOGY OF FISCAL DECENTRALISATION SYSTEM: A CLUSTER ANALYSIS APPROACH
Authors: Liu Louis Chih‐hung 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe article suggests a novel theoretical framework for empirical measurement of fiscal decentralisation by taking the viewpoint that fiscal decentralisation should be regarded as a system. Then, we review in detail several institutional arrangements regarding fiscally decentralised systems including the following: federal versus unitary state, numbers of tiers of governments, taxing power, borrowing power and independence of local officials. After identifying these institutional arrangements, we can group different countries with similar institutionally fiscal decentralisation systems together in broad categories by using cluster analysis. This analysis reveals a typology of fiscally decentralised systems (FDS): high expenditure/revenue assignment FDS, low expenditure/revenue assignment FDS, revenue transfer FDS, most complete FDS, politically centralised FDS and unitary state FDS. We then employ regression analysis to examine the performance for each type of fiscal decentralisation system. Our empirical findings suggest that most complete FDS is positively associated with selective economic performance as well as various public governance indicators. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of breast cancer treatment on the hormonal and cognitive consequences of acute stress
Authors: Andreano Joseph M. , Waisman James , Donley Lisa , Cahill Larry 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground: Cognitive difficulties following treatment for breast cancer are frequently reported. Breast cancer treatments also disrupt the function of ovarian and glucocorticoid hormone systems, both of which can affect cognition. Methods: To assess the influence of glucocorticoid and ovarian disruption on cognitive dysfunction, survivors of breast cancer treated with the GnRH agonist Lupron were compared with healthy controls on their glucocorticoid response to a physiological stressor, and their performance on various measures of cognition including working memory, verbal paired associate memory, and narrative recall. Results: The results indicated no significant glucocorticoid response to the stressor in Lupron‐treated survivors, while the controls showed significantly elevated cortisol levels. Cognitive testing showed a general impairment of narrative recall in breast cancer survivors relative to controls, irrespective of stress treatment. When tested on an emotional narrative, controls exposed to post‐training stress showed a significant enhancement of emotional recall and a significant relationship between cortisol release and subsequent memory. In contrast, post‐training stress produced no cognitive enhancement in survivors, and memory performance in this group showed no relationship to cortisol levels. Conclusions: These results suggest that a disruption of the enhancement of memory by stress may contribute to cognitive difficulties following breast cancer treatment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The challenge to implement and maintain an effective PSM program
Authors: Hanchey Ken , Thompson James R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWhile developing responses to help a client respond to occupational safety and health administration (OSHA) citations, we discovered that little or nothing has changed in 14 years at many facilities. OSHA is still finding the same gaps today. Chemical plants generally know how to complete a process hazard analysis (PHA), management of change (MOC), an incident investigation, etc. What is incomplete are the work processes to ensure continuity and completion.It is imperative that you have a functional process safety management (PSM) program. For example, OSHA states that the best defense against a National Emphasis Program (NEP) inspection is a strong PSM program. Failures can result in citations and incidents, which can lead to repeat or egregious citations, financial losses, public disgrace, and fatalities. Once your company has been cited for minor offenses, it becomes a target for repeat inspections.The teachings of this article will reduce failures by designing, implementing, and using complete work processes for PSM‐related activities. Many failures can be addressed by (1) improving the documentation of what you already do, (2) promptly resolving PSM‐related recommendations of all types, and (3) dealing with the challenge of keeping track of the ever‐changing recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices (RAGAGEP) that apply to many aspects of your PSM program. In addition, management support/involvement and systems that follow‐up to ensure all work activities are complete and adequately documented are essential. Instituting complete work processes will improve your PSM program, improve your efficiency, and reduce the chance of citations. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011