bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional forest migrations and potential economic effects
Authors: Hodges Donald G. , Cubbage Frederick W. , Regens James L. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Increasing mean global temperatures due to rising levels of carbon dioxide and other “greenhouse” gases in the atmosphere could significantly affect the distribution of commercially important forests in North America. Warmer mean annual temperatures and changing precipitation patterns could cause the range of most temperate forests to shift northward. The temperature increases could outpace the ability of forests to adapt, causing considerable stress and mortality to trees in the southern part of their range without a commensurate increase in growth across the expanding range. If realized, these potential biological impacts on forest distribution and health would affect forest management decisions substantially and could adversely impact forest-based economies in the United States. Specific effects on forest management include changes in the methods and costs of fire, insect, and disease protection; greater demands on forest lands for conversion to food production; and uncertain changes in site quality. Such impacts could affect the economic feasibility of forest management substantially. Subsequent impacts of climate change on the forest products sector in the southern United States alone could total $300 million for declining timber volume and resulting pulp and paper yields, and more than $100 million for increased management costs.
Degradation of acetonitrile and biphenyl compounds by a mixed microbial culture
Authors: Chapatwala Kirit D. , Babu G.R.V. , Nawaz Mohamed S. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A mixed microbial culture was isolated from an environment contaminated with organic cyanides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This mixed culture could utilize acetonitrile as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, and biphenyl as the sole source of carbon. This mixed culture also utilized nitriles, their respective amides, and several PCBs as growth substrates. Studies involving the radiolabeled compounds indicated that nearly 70% of [14C]acetonitrile and 51% of [14C]biphenyl were recovered as 14CO2. The end products resulted during the degradation of acetonitrile and biphenyl were identified as ammonia and benzoate, respectively. It was also observed that the mixed culture that can degrade biphenyl loses its capability when transferred repeatedly into a medium supplemented with acetonitrile as growth substrate. The present study suggests that the application of mixed rather than pure microbial culture is more effective in bioremediation of toxic chemicals.
Adaptation of periphytic communities in model streams to a quaternary ammonium surfactantt
Authors: Schwab Burney S. , Maruscik Dorothy A. , Palmisano Anna C. , Ventullo Roy M. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The ability of periphytic communities to mineralize the quaternary ammonium surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (C12TMAC) was studied in model streams receiving river water amended with 10% final effluent from a sewage treatment plant. In August 1989, clay substrata were placed in each streambed and allowed to colonize with periphyton for three weeks. Subsequently, three streams were continuously dosed with 50, 250, or 1,250 μg/L C12TMAC for an eight-week period, while a fourth stream served as an undosed control. Before dosing, half-lives for mineralization of radiolabeled C12TMAC by periphyton from the model streams were approximately 5 d, and C12TMAC turnover times were &gt;3,000 h. After dosing with surfactant, mineralization half-lives for C12TMAC by periphyton decreased to 0.03 d within four weeks, and turnover times declined to 6 h within six weeks. By contrast, half-lives for mineralization of C12TMAC by periphyton in the untreated control stream increased from 5 to 29 d, and turnover times remained at &gt;3,000 h during the eight-week test period. Results from a similar experiment conducted during the spring of 1990 confirmed a rapid adaptation of periphytic communities to C12TMAC. This study demonstrated that periphytic communities adapted to and mineralized C12TMAC upon exposure under simulated in situ conditions.
Variation in the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the Amphipod diporeia (SPP.) with sediment aging
Authors: Landrum Peter F. , Eadie Brian J. , Faust Warren R. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The accumulation kinetics of the amphipod Diporeia sp. for sediment-sorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) congeners were measured where the contact time between the PAH congeners and the sediments varied between 3 and 150 d. Diporeia were exposed to a reference sediment dosed with two radiolabeled PAHs (phenanthrene and pyrene) and to sediments dosed with the two radiotracers and a mixture of PAHs at 272.3 ® 10.9 nmol g−1 dry sediment, as the sum of the nine nonlabeled PAHs. The sediments were prepared by dosing aliquots of a single collection of sediment with PAHs at different times, producing a series of contact times. The exposures were all performed at the same time from a single collection of organisms. Diporeia were sampled for mortality and toxicokinetics for up to 28 d. Some sediment avoidance was observed during the first 12 d of exposure. The partitioning between sediment particles and interstitial water increased significantly for both phenanthrene and pyrene as contact time increased. The uptake rate coefficient decreased for both phenanthrene and pyrene when the contact with the sediment was increased from 3 to 60 d. When the contaminant-sediment contact was increased from 60 to 150 d, the phenanthrene uptake rate coefficient remained constant whereas that for pyrene increased somewhat. Similar uptake results were observed with the nonradiolabeled compounds.
Surfactants at low concentrations stimulate biodegradation of sorbed hydrocarbons in samples of aquifer sands and soil slurries
Authors: Aronstein Boris N. , Alexander Martin 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A study was conducted of the effect of two nonionic surfactants on the biodegradation of phenanthrene and biphenyl sorbed to aquifer material and soil. Alfonic 810–60 and Novel II 1412–56 at 10 and 100 μg/ml enhanced the extent of desorption of phenanthrene and biphenyl from aquifer solids, but concentrations of 1 μg/ml or lower were ineffective. The surfactants at 10 and 100 μg/g of aquifer solids enhanced the mineralization of phenanthrene sorbed to the solids, but the extent of mineralization was low. The addition of N and P to aquifer solids with the surfactants did not stimulate the biodegradation. Inoculation of aquifer solids with phenanthrene- or biphenyl-utilizing microorganisms stimulated the rate and extent of mineralization of the two compounds, and the rate was further increased by either surfactant. The rate and extent of phenanthrene and biphenyl mineralization in soil slurries was increased by either surfactant at 10 or 100 μg/g of soil. We suggest that surfactants at low concentrations may be useful for the bioremediation of sites contaminated with sorbed aromatic hydrocarbons.
Identification of surfactants as toxicants in a primary effluent
Authors: Ankley Gerald T. , Burkhard Lawrence P. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A partial toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) was conducted with a publicly owned treatment works (POTW) effluent that received no secondary treatment. The effluent was consistently acutely toxic to fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia. Initial Phase I toxicity characterization and Phase II identification work with Ceriodaphnia dubia suggested that surfactants were responsible for a significant portion of the toxicity of the effluent. Subsequent experiments concerning the behavior of various mixtures of surfactants in Phase I and Phase II TIE procedures provided additional evidence that these compounds were important determinants of toxicity of the POTW effluent. Finally, measurement of two general classes of surfactants in the test effluent (anionic, nonionic) indicated that there were sufficient concentrations of these compounds to be of toxicological concern. The identification of surfactants as potentially important toxicants in a primary effluent is not particularly surprising in light of their concentrations in untreated or inadequately treated wastewater.
The effect of wood species composition on the toxicity of simulated mechanical pulping effluents
Authors: O'Connor B. I. , Kovacs T. G. , Voss R. H. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A series of simulated mechanical pulping (SMP) effluents, prepared from wood species commonly employed in Canada, were analyzed for wood extractives and tested for acute toxicity to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and acute/chronic toxicity to Ceriodaphnia affinis. The acute and chronic toxicities of the SMP effluents were found to vary substantially for the studied wood species. According to wood species, the acute lethal toxicity of the SMP effluents to both fathead minnows and Ceriodaphnia was found to follow the order white pine &gt; balsam fir &gt; hemlock &gt; black spruce &gt; aspen. The chronic effects of the various SMP effluents on Ceriodaphnia reproduction followed the order balsam fir &gt; hemlock &gt; white pine ˜ black spruce ˜ aspen. The effluent prepared from balsam fir exhibited the lowest chronic toxicity threshold, affecting Ceriodaphnia reproduction at concentrations as low as 0.005%. The compound primarily responsible for this effect was identified as dehydrojuvabione, a naturally occurring sesquiterpenoid ester known to be present in balsam fir. Dehydrojuvabione was found to affect Ceriodaphnia reproduction adversely at concentrations as low as 0.5 μg/L.
Effects of forest spraying with two application rates of cypermethrin on food supply and on breeding success of the blue tit (Parus caeruleus)
Authors: Pascual Juan Alberto , Peris Salvador J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A field study was carried out in the springs of 1988 and 1989 in deciduous oak forests of west-central Spain to assess the effects of two aerial sprayings with two different application rates of Cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, on several reproductive parameters (nest abandonment, nest success, clutch size, hatching success, nestling mortality, daily survival rate, and nestling weight) of the blue tit (Parus caeruleus). These variables were analyzed according to reduction of arthropod density in canopy trees after treatments and results were compared with a control plot (plot A) without application. The plot sprayed in 1988, with a dust formulation of cypermethrin at 75 g active ingredient (a.i.) per hectare (plot B), showed a nearly 100% mortality of lepidopteran larvae, the most important food resource for breeding blue tits, as well as for other arthropods. The drop in food supply in this plot coincided with the hatching or early nestling stage of the blue tit population. There were statistically significant differences between the control plot and plot B in nestling mortality, daily survival rate, nest success, and nestling weight. In the treated plot, nestling mortality was 81%, 65% of nests were unsuccessful, and mean nestling weight was 1 g less than that in the control plot. In the control plot, nestling mortality was 6% and all nests were successful. A second plot was sprayed in 1989 with an ultra-low-volume formulation of cypermethrin at 3.75 g a.i. per hectare, reducing 90% of the caterpillars but not affecting the availability of other arthropods. Blue tit nestlings were older than one week at the moment of the spraying. In this plot, nestlings from late nests showed a higher mortality and a lower daily survival rate than those in the control plot, the only statistically significant differences in breeding parameters between the plots. We suggest that the negative effects of cypermethrin spraying on breeding success of the blue tit in both treated plots are due to indirect effects (shortage in prey availability) rather than to direct effects (toxicity).
Polychlorinated biphenyl residues and egg mortality in double-crested cormorants from the great lakes
Authors: Tillitt Donald E. , Ankley Gerald T. , Giesy John P. , Ludwig James P. , Kurita-Matsuba Hiroko , Weseloh D. Vaughn , Ross Peter S. , Bishop Christine A. , Sileo Lou , Stromborg Ken L. , Larson Jill , Kubiak Timothy J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
We evaluated the overall potency of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-containing extracts from double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritis) eggs with an in vitro bioassay system, the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay. Results from the H4IIE bioassay were strongly correlated with the hatching success of eggs in the colonies, whereas conventional methods of PCB analysis correlated poorly with hatching success of eggs from the same colonies. These observations suggest that even though concentrations of total PCB residues have declined in almost all compartments of the environment, their effects are still being observed. The significance of this observation is that the adverse symptoms presently observed in certain Great Lakes fish-eating waterbird populations do not appear to be caused by some as yet unidentified industrial chemical or chemicals and seem not to be the result of pesticides, but rather to the dioxin-like activity of PCBs. Evidence is presented to suggest that the relative enrichment of the potency of PCBs in the environment may play a role in the persistence of the observed adverse symptoms.
Assessing the relationship between ambient toxicity and instream biological response
Authors: Dickson Kenneth L. , Waller William T. , Kennedy James H. , Ammann Larry P. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Robust canonical correlation and classification methods were used to evaluate relationships between ambient toxicity and instream biological response. Ten studies of freshwater aquatic systems were used in the analysis. These studies included eight site studies conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Complex Effluent Toxicity Testing Program, one study by the University of Kentucky and one study by the University of North Texas.
Results from ambient toxicity tests, including Ceriodaphnia neonate production and Pimephales promelas dry weight and survival, were used to predict impact at sampling stations. Instream biological response variables, including fish and benthic richness, were used to classify whether or not a station was impacted. The strength of the relationship between ambient toxicity and instream impact was determined by statistically evaluating agreement between the predicted and observed impacts. Results of the analysis showed that statistically significant relationships between ambient toxicity and instream impact were found in each of the studies.
Attraction of crayfishes Procambarus clarkii, Orconectes rusticus and Cambarus bartoni to a feeding stimulant and its suppression by a blend of metals
Authors: Steele Craig W. , Strickler-Shaw Shari , Taylor Douglas H. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Preference/avoidance responses and alterations in locomotor activity of adult intermolt crayfishes were examined in response to a blend of copper, chromium, arsenic, and selenium; to a feeding stimulant; and to mixtures of the feeding stimulant and the metals blend. The proportion of metals in the blend simulated that found in a typical fly ash slurry from a coal-fired electric plant (Cu:Cr:As:Se, 1.00:0.54:1.85:0.38). Two experimental series were used in the bioassay. In experimental series 1, preference/avoidance responses of crayfishes placed into an octagonal fluviarium were determined for the blend of metals infused into one octant of the arena at concentrations of either 20 or 2% of the average concentration found in the fly ash slurry. Preference/avoidance responses of the animals to the feeding stimulant, and to combined mixtures of the feeding stimulant and the metals blend, were similarly determined. All species exhibited a preference response to the feeding stimulant, but none of the species exhibited a preference or avoidance of either concentration of metals blend. Both concentrations of metals blend suppressed the preference response to the feeding stimulant in Procambarus clarkii and Orconectes rusticus; Cambarus bartoni exhibited a preference to the feeding stimulant in the presence of both concentrations of the metals blend. Experimental series 2 repeated the presentations of metals blend and feeding stimulant plus metals blend mixtures to the crayfishes, but with the metals blend infused into all octants of the fluviarium and the mixtures of feeding stimulant plus metals infused into one octant only. This second experimental protocol is believed to better simulate an encounter of chemical conditions by crayfishes in nature. Results indicated no preference for or avoidance of the feeding stimulant plus metals blend mixtures by any species at either concentration of metals blend.
Brain and bone aluminum: A comparison of aluminum intake in rats
Authors: Nicar Michael J. , McIntire Donald D. , Pak Laura K. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Serum and bone aluminum concentrations were significantly higher in young rats fed pharmacological doses of aluminum for 29 d than in control rats that did not receive extra aluminum. The control rats had a serum aluminum level of 18 ± 3 (SE) ppb and a bone aluminum level of 19.1 ± 1.0 ppm; the aluminum-exposed rats had a serum aluminum level of 44 ± 7 ppm and a bone aluminum level of 27.2 ± 2.4 ppm. Rats fed a diet analogous to aluminum-contaminated foods had control levels of serum and bone aluminum. Increases of approximately 1 ppm (over the control level) in brain aluminum concentrations of both dosed groups of rats were not statistically significant. The aluminum intake correlated with serum and bone aluminum concentrations, and the serum aluminum concentrations correlated with the bone aluminum concentrations. However, the concentrations of brain aluminum did not correlate with either aluminum intake or serum aluminum levels.
Vapor-phase partitioning of volatile organic compounds: A regression approach
Authors: Thoms Sharon R. , Lion Leonard W. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Partitioning of 15 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) between the vapor phase and dry and moist Al2O3 samples was measured using a headspace technique. The best predictors of partition coefficients (K′p) from the vapor phase varied with the three Al2O3 moisture contents (MCs) used; these variations may reflect alternate sorption mechanisms. For instance, sorption of chlorinated hydrocarbons at 1.9% MC was best explained by the hydrogen bond acceptor parameter β, suggesting hydrogen bonding between the —Cl group and surface groups or water films. However, sorption on humic acid-coated Al2O3 at approximately 45% MC was best explained by the log of the aqueous solubility and Henry's law constant. The importance of aqueous solubility and Henry's law constant suggested that dissolution of organic compounds in interstitial water is a primary sorption mechanism for VOCs at high Al2O3 MCs. Sorption of the relatively insoluble hydrocarbons such as n-alkanes occurred in excess of that explained by dissolution in the interstitial water and may reflect the importance of partitioning into the organic matter provided by the humic acid coating.
Ambient toxicity testing in the Chesapeake Bay watershed using freshwater and estuarine water column tests
Authors: Hall Lenwood W. , Ziegenfuss Michael C. , Fischer Steven A. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
This study was designed to identify toxic ambient areas in the Chesapeake Bay watershed by using the following three estuarine and two freshwater 8-d water column toxicity tests: sheeps-head minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus, larval survival and growth test; grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, larval survival and growth test; copepod, Eurytemora affinis, life cycle test; fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, larval survival and growth test; and Ceriodaphnia dubia, survival and reproduction test. Ambient water was collected from the following locations and transported back to our laboratory for testing: Elizabeth River (VA), Patapsco River (MD), Wye River (MD), and Potomac River (three freshwater and two saltwater stations). The Potomac River stations were located at Indian Head (MD), Freestone Point (VA), Possum Point (VA), Morgantown (MD), and Dahlgren (VA). A suite of inorganic and organic contaminants and water quality conditions were evaluated in ambient water during the tests. Results from the water column tests demonstrated no significant ranking of sensitivity among the three saltwater tests, but rather supported the need for multispecies tests because different species displayed varying sensitivity to different types of contaminants. Biological effects were reported from at least one test species tested in ambient water from Elizabeth River, Patapsco River, Indian Head, Morgantown, and Dahlgren. These results demonstrate that selected ambient areas of the Chesapeake Bay watershed are toxic, based on various biological indicators.
Interclonal variation in the performance of Daphnia magna straus in chronic bioassays
Authors: Soares Amadeu M. V. M. , Baird Donald J. , Calow Peter 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
As an ecotoxicological test organism, Daphnia magna Straus has a long history and is now used extensively. Despite this, considerable variation in interlaboratory bioassays using the same reference toxicant has been reported. Using a standard quantitative genetics approach, the relative tolerance of different genotypes of Daphnia magna to two toxicants (sodium bromide and 3,4-dichloroaniline) was assessed. As expected, the environmental component of variability dominated the chronic response with a significant component of interaction. Differences between genotypes, although significant, were not large. It was concluded that genotype-environment interactions played a key role in determining chronic responses of Daphnia magna to both compounds. Some suggestions are given to improve the level of repeatability in Daphnia magna bioassays.
A statistical procedure for modeling continuous toxicity data
Authors: Bruce Robert D. , Versteeg Donald J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Chronic aquatic toxicity test results are commonly analyzed with statistical hypothesis tests to generate summary statistics known as the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) and first-observed-effect concentration (FOEC). These procedures address statistical differences among treatments but suffer several critical limitations. Use of concentration-response statistics to estimate minimal effect concentrations (i.e., EC values) from quantal and continuous data has advantages over a hypothesis-testing approach for generating a biologically relevant end point and an estimate of variability from toxicity tests. Estimation of the concentration-response statistic (EC, effective concentration) for continuous data is not straightforward but is possible with a variety of approaches. A statistical method for estimating EC values described here is based on a nonlinear regression estimation procedure. The usefulness of this method is demonstrated with continuous data from chronic toxicity tests with algae, fish, and invertebrate populations.