bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteinase 3 and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Ng Leong L. , Khan Sohail Q. , Narayan Hafid , Quinn Paulene , Squire Iain B. , Davies Joan E. 
Published: October 2010

A multimarker approach may be useful for risk stratification in AMI (acute myocardial infarction) patients, particularly utilizing pathways that are pathophysiologically distinct. Our aim was to assess the prognostic value of PR3 (proteinase 3) in patients post-AMI. We compared the prognostic value of PR3, an inflammatory marker, with an established marker NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) post-AMI. We recruited 900 consecutive post-AMI patients (700 men; age, 64.6±12.4 years) in a prospective study with follow-up over 347 (0–764) days. Plasma PR3 was significantly higher in patients who died [666.2 (226.8–4035.5) ng/ml; P&lt;0.001] or were readmitted with heart failure [598 (231.6–1803.9) ng/ml, P&lt;0.004] compared with event-free survivors [486.9 (29.3–3118.2) ng/ml]. Using Cox modelling, log10 PR3 [HR (hazard ratio), 3.80] and log10 NT-proBNP (HR, 2.51) were significant independent predictors of death or heart failure. When patients were stratified by plasma NT-proBNP (median, 1023 pmol/l), PR3 gave additional predictive value for death or heart failure, in both the patients in whom NT-proBNP level was above the median (log rank for trend, 12.54; P&lt;0.0004) and those with NT-proBNP level below the median (log rank for trend, 3.83; P&lt;0.05). Neither marker predicted recurrent AMI. In conclusion, this is the first report showing a potential role for the serine protease PR3 in determining mortality and incidence of heart failure following AMI, independent of established conventional risk factors. PR3 may represent a clinically useful marker of prognosis after an AMI as part of a multimarker strategy.
Donepezil in schizophrenia — is it helpful? An experimental design case study
Authors: MacEwan G. W. , Ehmann T. S. , Khanbhai I. , Wrixon C. 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To assess the clinical and cognitive effects of adding donepezil, a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, to the risperidone treatment of a high functioning stable out‐patient with schizophrenia. Method: Case study using an experimental ABAB design. Assessments were completed objectively by standardized neuropsychological tests and clinical rating scales and subjectively with visual analogue scales. Results: Strong improvements attributable to donepezil were found for verbal fluency and the patient's subjective response. No adverse changes were noted in psychiatric symptoms or side effects. Conclusion: Cholinergic enhancement as an adjunctive treatment in schizophrenia should be explored in larger controlled trials.
Canine Uncemented Porous‐Coated Anatomic Total Hip Arthroplasty: Results of a Long‐Term Prospective Evaluation of 50 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Marcellin‐Little Denis J. , De Young Bonnie A. , Doyens David H. , De Dyoung David J. 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To evaluate the long‐term clinical and radiographic results of a canine uncemented porous‐coated anatomic (PCA) total hip arthroplasty (THA).Study Design—Prospective study of consecutive clinical patients using survival analysis.Animals—Forty‐one dogs that underwent PCA THA; nine had bilateral PCA THA (50 prostheses).Methods—Gait observation, orthopedic examination, and radiographic assessment were conducted before THA, 6 months after THA, and yearly thereafter. A zonal analysis system was used to document osseous changes in the femur and the acetabulum. Acetabular cup and femoral stem subsidence and migration, femoral canal fill, and implant orientation were measured. Survival analysis of the procedure was conducted.Results—Long‐term follow‐up was available for 37 dogs (46 prostheses). The median follow‐up was 63 months. Limb function was normal for 37 limbs and abnormal for 9 limbs because of dislocation (n= 3), lumbosacral disease (n= 2), degenerative myelopathy (n= 1), autoimmune disease (n= 1), brain tumor (n= 1), or osteosarcoma of the femur (n= 1). All prosthetic stems and cups were fixed by bone ingrowth fixation. Osteolysis was not observed. Bone infarction occurred in five femoral canals (four dogs). The 6‐year survival rate for the procedure was 87% (95% confidence interval, 72%‐96%).Conclusions—Long‐term fixation of the uncemented PCA acetabular cup and stem is successful in dogs, and long‐term clinical function is excellent.
Use of Omentum as a Physiologic Drain for Treatment of Chylothorax in a Dog
Authors: Williams John M. , Niles Jacqui D. 
Published: October 2010

Objectives—To describe a novel technique for the surgical treatment of idiopathic chylothorax in a dog.Animals—A 6‐year‐old, male Rhodesian Ridgeback, which presented with a history of reduced exercise tolerance and dyspnea.Methods—Idiopathic chylothorax was diagnosed. Intermittent pleural drainage failed to resolve the problem. During surgery, extensive pleural fibrosis made it impossible to identify the thoracic duct. A dorsal omental pedicle was advanced through an incision in the diaphragm and into the cranial thoracic cavity to act as a physiological drain.Results—The dog recovered well and has remained free from clinical signs of recurrence of the effusion (16 months at the time of writing).Conclusions—The disease‐free interval achieved in this dog indicates that this novel technique is worthy of further consideration in the management of idiopathic chylothorax.
Effects of Hypertonic Saline Infusion on the Adrenocortical Response to Thiopental‐Halothane Anesthesia in Sheep After Premedication with Acepromazine
Authors: Taylor Polly Margaret 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To investigate whether hypertonic saline infusion would prevent hypotension and pituitary‐adrenocortical axis activation during halothane anesthesia after acepromazine premedication and thiopental induction in sheep.Study Design—Randomized crossover study.Animals—Six Welsh Mountain ewes weighing 40 ± 2 kg and aged 2 to 3 years.Methods—The sheep were studied on two occasions with 2 weeks between anesthetics. After acepromazine premedication, anesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained for 120 minutes with halothane. During the first 15 minutes of anesthesia, 7.5% saline (4 mL/kg) was infused intravenously (HS group), but no infusion was given in the control (CONT) group. Sequential blood samples were taken for blood gas, cortisol, adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), glucose, and lactate assay.Results—Hypotension developed in both treatments; blood pressure decreased to a nadir of 58 ± 5 mm Hg in the HS group and to 63 ± 4 mm Hg in the CONT group (P> .05). Plasma cortisol increased significantly in both groups, reaching a peak of 420 ± 130 nmol/L in HS and 483 ± 157 nmol/L in CONT (P> .05). ACTH increased similarly in both groups, reaching 128 ± 64 pmol/L in HS and 134 ± 55 pmol/L in CONT (P> .05). pH was slightly higher in CONT, but no other differences were detected between the two groups.Conclusions—Hypertonic saline did not ameliorate the adrenocortical response during anesthesia; this may be a result of its failure to prevent the hypotension.
Determination of the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Isoflurane in Llamas
Authors: Mama Khursheed R. , Wagner Ann E. , Parker Denise A. , Hellyer Peter W. , Gaynor James S. 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To determine the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane (ISO) in llamas.Study Design—Prospective study.Animals—Eight adult neutered male llamas (9 ± 1 years [x̄± SD], 177 ± 29 kg).Methods—Anesthesia was induced and maintained in otherwise unmedicated llamas with a mixture of ISO in oxygen administered through a standard small‐animal, semi‐closed circle system using an out‐of‐circle, agent‐specific vaporizer. The time from mask placement to intubation was recorded. Inspired and end‐tidal (ET) ISO was sampled continuously. At each anesthetic concentration, a constant ET ISO was maintained for at least 20 minutes before application of a noxious electrical stimulus (50 volts, 5 Hz, 10 ms for up to 1 minute). A positive or negative response to the stimulus was recorded, and ET ISO then increased (if positive response) or decreased (if negative response) by 10% to 20%. Individual MAC was the average of multiple determinations. Body temperature was maintained at 37 ± 1°C. Selected cardiopulmonary variables (heart rate [HR], respiratory rate [RR], arterial blood pressure [ABP]) and ET ISO were recorded at hourly intervals from first ISO. Arterial blood was collected for pH, PCO2, PO2analysis and measurement of packed cell volume (PCV) and total protein (TP) at 2 hour intervals. Following MAC determination, the anesthetic was discontinued and llamas were allowed to recover. Duration and quality of recovery were noted.Results—The time from start of induction by mask to completion of intubation took 19.1 ± 4.8 minutes. The MAC of ISO corrected to one atmosphere at sea level (barometric pressure 760 mm Hg) in these llamas was 1.05 ± 0.17%. Mean ABP increased from 70 ± 26 mm Hg at the end of the first hour of anesthesia to 102 ± 7 mm Hg measured at the end of the sixth hour of anesthesia. ET ISO decreased from 2.06 ± 0.10% to 1.27 ± 0.07% over the same time period, but MAC did not change with time. The duration from first ISO to discontinuation of ISO averaged 6.19 ± 0.9 hours. Animals were able to support their heads in a sternal posture at 23 ± 10 minutes, and stood 62 ± 26 minutes following discontinuation of the anesthetic.Conclusion—The MAC for ISO is similar to, but slightly lower than, values reported for other species.Clinical Relevance—Knowledge of MAC may facilitate appropriate clinical use and provide the basis for future investigation of ISO in llamas.
Possible Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Three Cats After Renal Transplantation and Cyclosporine Therapy
Authors: Aronson Lillian R. , Gregory Clare 
Published: October 2010

Objective— To describe the clinical history of 3 cats with possible hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) after renal transplantation.Study Design— This case series documents historical findings, physical examination findings, clinical pathologic features, necropsy and histopathologic findings of 3 cats with possible HUS.Results— Two cats had chronic renal failure; 1 cat had acute renal failure secondary to ethylene glycol toxicity. A renal transplant was performed in each of the 3 cats without obvious problems. Complications that would support a diagnosis of HUS, including anemia, thrombocytopenia, and azotemia occurred within 24 hours in 1 cat, within 8 days in a second cat, and 2 months after transplantation in the third cat. In 2 cats, HUS was likely secondary to cyclosporine immunosuppression. In the third cat, HUS may have been secondary to allograft rejection. Renal biopsies from all 3 cats were suggestive of HUS.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance— In human beings, HUS in transplant recipients may occur secondary to immunosuppressive drugs, vascular rejection, or recurrence of original disease. Graft loss occurred in all 3 cats in this study and the mortality rate was 100%. Clinicians caring for these patients need to be aware of this disorder because early recognition and treatment is critical in the management of post‐transplant HUS.
Axial Pattern Flap Based on the Cutaneous Branch of the Superficial Temporal Artery in Dogs: An Experimental Study and Case Report
Authors: Fahie Maria A. , Smith Mark M. 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To determine the anatomic guidelines and viability of an axial pattern flap based on the cutaneous branch of the superficial temporal artery (STA) in dogs. Application of the flap in a clinical patient is reported.Study Design—Flap viability in control and experimental groups was determined 7 days postoperatively.Animals—A total of 14 mature, mesaticephalic dogs; 1 clinical patient.Methods—The cutaneous branch of the STA and vein were incorporated in the flaps of the experimental groups (group A,n = 5; group B,n = 4) and were ligated in the control group (n = 5). Flap length was extended in experimental group B. Seven days postoperatively, the length and area of tissue that remained viable in each flap was determined and compared with similar measurements performed intraoperatively. Cutaneous fluorescence was also used postoperatively to assess flap perfusion. The flap used in the clinical patient had the same dimensions as flaps developed in group A.Results—Mean survival length (± SD) of STA flaps [group A, 9.1 (0.8) cm], was significantly increased (P< .05) compared with control flaps [7.0 (0.6) cm]. Percentage flap length survival (± SD) of STA flaps [group A, 91.8 (8.9)%], was significantly increased (P< .05) compared with control flaps [71.6 (7.0)%]. Mean percentage area of survival (± SD) of STA flaps [group A, 93.1 (7.5)%], was significantly increased (P< .05) compared with control flaps [73.5 (7.4)%]. Group B flaps had a mean survival length of 10.4 (1.1) cm, percentage flap length survival of 69.5 (4.8)%, and mean percentage area of survival of 69.1 (6.5)%. There was no positive correlation between the area of flap fluorescence at days 0, 1, and 3, and the area of flap survival. Application of the flap in a clinical patient allowed primary wound reconstruction with 100% survival.Conclusion—A flap based on the cutaneous branch of the STA may be a source of skin for reconstructive procedures of the maxillofacial region in dogs.Clinical Relevance—Knowledge of the anatomic landmarks and expected viability of a STA axial pattern flap is essential before consideration of its use as a reconstructive surgical technique.
The Effect of Oral Isoxsuprine and Pentoxifylline on Digital and Laminar Blood Flow in Healthy Horses
Authors: Ingle‐Fehr J. E. , Baxter G. M. 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To quantitate blood flow in the palmar digital artery and dorsal laminae of the hoof in standing, unmedicated, nonsedated horses, and in horses treated with oral isoxsuprine, oral pentoxifylline, and intravenous acetylpromazine as a positive control.Study Design—Experimental study; treatments administered in a random cross‐over design.Animals—A total of 6 healthy horses selected with at least one nonpigmented forelimb hoof wall and determined to be free of laminitis.Methods—All horses were instrumented with a flow probe placed around one palmar digital artery under general anesthesia and a laser doppler flow probe placed within a hole in the dorsal hoof wall to measure digital blood flow and laminar perfusion respectively. Baseline readings of palmar digital blood flow and laminar perfusion were recorded before and between treatments. Horses were randomly assigned to one of two groups and treated with either isoxsuprine (1.2 mg/kg, orally twice daily for 10 days) or pentoxifylline (4.4 mg/kg, orally every 8 hours for 10 days) in a random cross‐over design. Digital blood flow (DBF) and laminar perfusion (LP) were measured on days 2, 5, 7, and 10 of treatment. Horses also received acetylpromazine as a positive control (0.066 mg/kg, intravenously) during the washout period, and measurements were taken every 15 minutes until measurements returned to baseline readings. Data were analyzed by using repeated measures ANOVA.Results—Digital blood flow (11.2 to 97.7 mL/min) and laminar perfusion (1.0 to 11.1 Capillary Perfusion Units) differed between horses. No statistically significant increases in DBF or LP were detected over the 10 day treatment period with either isoxsuprine or pentoxifylline. Acepromazine resulted in a significant increase (P= .0007) in DBF for approximately 75 minutes beginning 15 minutes after treatment. A mild but insignificant increase in LP was identified after acetylpromazine treatment.Conclusion—Neither isoxsuprine nor pentoxifylline increased blood flow to the digit or dorsal laminae in healthy horses. Acepromazine caused an increased blood flow to the digit. Based on the results of this study acetylpromazine potentially would have a greater effect on improving digital blood flow than oral isoxsuprine or pentoxifylline when treating ischemic conditions of the foot in horses.
A Biomechanical Comparison of Screw and Wire Fixation With and Without Polymethylmethacrylate Re‐Enforcement for Acetabular Osteotomy Stabilization in Dogs
Authors: Lanz Otto I. , Lewis Daniel D. , Madison John B. , Miller Gary J. , Martin Daniel E. 
Published: October 2010

Objective—Compare the biomechanical characteristics of screw and wire fixation with and without polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) re‐enforcement for acetabular osteotomy stabilization in dogs.Animals—Pelves removed from 8 adult mixed breed dogs weighing between 25 and 30 kg.Procedure—The pubic symphysis of each pelvis was split and a central transverse acetabular osteotomy was performed. One hemipelvis from each dog was stabilized with the composite fixation (interfragmentary Kirschner wire, two screws and a figure‐of‐eight orthopedic wire with PMMA). The contralateral hemipelves was stabilized with an interfragmentary Kirschner wire, two screws, and a figure‐of‐eight orthopedic wire without PMMA. All hemipelves were tested in bending by using a materials testing machine at a cross head speed of 5 mm/min. An extensometer was placed on the dorsomedial surface of the hemipelves centered over acetabular osteotomy to record distraction of the osteotomy during loading. A load/deformation curve and a load/distraction curve was produced for each hemipelvis. The slope for the initial linear portion of the load/deformation curve and the load/distraction curve, yield load and maximum load sustained were compared between repair groups using a pairedt‐test withP< .05considered significant.Results—The slope of the load/deformation curve was significantly greater (P= .001) for hemipelves stabilized with the composite fixation (mean ± SD: 69 ± 18 N/mm) compared with hemipelves stabilized without PMMA (mean ± SD: 39 ± 8 N/mm). There was no significant difference (P= .593) between repair groups in the slope of the load/distraction curves as measured on the extensometer. Yield load was significantly greater (P= .0002) for hemipelves stabilized with the composite fixation (mean ± SD: 184 ± 25 N) compared to hemipelves stabilized without PMMA (mean ± SD: 74 ± 12 N). Maximum load sustained was also significantly greater (P= .013) for hemipelves stabilized with the composite fixation (mean ± SD: 396 ± 71 N) compared to hemipelves stabilized without PMMA (mean ± SD: 265 ± 94 N). Failure of hemipelves stabilized with the composite fixation occurred primarily by ventrolateral bending of the cranial and caudal pelvic segments at the osteotomy site. Failure of hemipelves stabilized without PMMA occurred by ventrolateral bending of the cranial and caudal pelvic segments at the osteotomy site with pronounced concurrent ventrolateral rotation of the cranial pelvic segment.Conclusion—PMMA improves the mechanical characteristics of acetabular fracture fixation, at least in part by neutralization of rotational forces. The results of this study justify use of PMMA as a component of the composite fixation when repairing acetabular fractures.
Closed Reduction and Lag Screw Fixation of Sacroiliac Luxations and Fractures
Authors: Tomlinson James L. , Cook James L. , Payne John T. , Anderson C. Collins , Johnson Jane C. 
Published: October 2010

Objective—To describe a technique for closed reduction and percutaneous insertion of a lag screw for fixation of sacroiliac fracture‐luxations, and to report the success of this technique in stabilizing sacroiliac fracture‐luxations.Study Design—A retrospective clinical study.Study Population—13 consecutive client‐owned dogs with sacroiliac fracture‐luxations.Methods—Sacroiliac fracture‐luxations were stabilized by using a closed reduction and percutaneous lag screw fixation technique. Preoperative, postoperative, and last re‐examination radiographs were used to assess the location and number of pelvic injuries, other orthopedic injuries, percent reduction of the sacroiliac joint, percent sacral width screw depth, position of the screw, pelvic canal diameter ratio, hemipelvic canal width ratio, and complications. Information on signalment, weight, weight‐bearing status, neurologic status, and complications was obtained from the medical record.Results—Mean percent reduction of the sacroiliac joint was 92.33%. All screws were placed within the sacral body with a mean screw depth/sacral width of 79.03%. No screw loosening occurred. Mean pelvic canal diameter ratios were 0.99, 1.20, and 1.14 preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at the last re‐examination, respectively. Nine of 13 dogs were willing to walk on the ipsilateral rear leg the day after surgery.Conclusions—Closed reduction and percutaneous insertion of a lag screw for stabilization of fracture‐luxation of the sacroiliac joint is an acceptable method of repair.Clinical Relevance—Sacroiliac fracture‐luxations can be successfully reduced and stabilized using a minimally invasive technique.
Antibacterial Properties of a Silver Chloride‐Coated Nylon Wound Dressing
Authors: Adams A.P. , Santschi E.M. , Mellencamp M.A. 
Published: October 2010

Objective—A silver chloride‐coated nylon wound dressing (Ag‐WD) was evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial activity against five common equine wound pathogens.Study Design—Bacterial susceptibility study.Sample Population—Equine wound pathogens:Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus equisubspecieszooepidemicus,andStaphylococcus aureus.Methods—An inoculum of each pathogen was incubated directly with Ag‐WD and quantitated after 24 to 48 hours of incubation. To determine if bactericidal activity of Ag‐WD was contact dependent, an inoculum ofE. coliandStaphylococcus aureuswas incubated separately from Ag‐WD by a filter and quantitated after 18 hours of incubation. Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP) determined the silver concentration of Mueller‐Hinton broth containing Ag‐WD after 24 hours of incubation. To establish if the rate of bacterial killing by Ag‐WD differed from a constant silver concentration, pathogens were exposed to a silver concentration of 6.45 μg/mL and quantitated after 18 hours.Results—Direct exposure to Ag‐WD significantly reduced bacterial numbers after 15 minutes forK. pneumoniae,30 minutes forE. coli,1 hour forP. aeruginosa,and 2 hours forS. equisubspecieszooepidemicusandStaphylococcus aureus.Indirect exposure to Ag‐WD resulted in ≥99.9% and ≥90% kill of the inoculum doses ofE. coliat 2 hours andStaphylococcus aureusat 18 hours, respectively. Incubation of the pathogens at the constant silver concentration resulted in bacterial killing rates similar to those obtained by incubation with Ag‐WD.Conclusions—In vitro, equine pathogens are effectively killed when exposed to Ag‐WD, and the rate of bacterial killing by Ag‐WD is similar to a constant silver concentration of 6.45 μg/mL.Clinical Relevance—The in vitro antimicrobial properties of this silver‐coated nylon wound dressing are promising for future prevention of equine wound infections.