bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfusion requirements in obstetric patients with placenta accreta
Authors: Stotler Brie , Padmanabhan Anand , Devine Patricia , Wright Jason , Spitalnik Steven L. , Schwartz Joseph 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND: Providing transfusion support for patients with placenta accreta is a challenging task. There is no consensus on predelivery transfusion planning for these patients and the prevalence of massive transfusion is unknown. With little published experience, it is difficult to predict blood component usage accurately. Therefore, this retrospective study spanning 14 years quantified blood usage and clinical outcome in a group of patients with placenta accreta.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective medical record review identified 66 patients with placenta accreta who presented for delivery. Data were extracted from the patients' medical records related to patient demographics, pathology diagnosis, blood component usage, operative course, and clinical outcome. Selected variables were analyzed for statistical association with total blood component usage.RESULTS: The range of blood component usage was 0 to 46 red blood cell (RBC) units, 0 to 48 random‐donor platelet unit equivalents, 0 to 64 plasma units, and 0 to 30 cryoprecipitate units. The incidence of transfusion was 95% (mean RBC use, 10 ± 9 units; median, 6.5 units), with 39% of patients requiring 10 or more RBC units and 11% requiring 20 or more RBC units. Blood component use did not differ significantly between the pathology‐defined placenta accreta subtypes. Potential clinical laboratory variables that would predict increased blood component use were not identified.CONCLUSION: The delivery of patients with placenta accreta is a high‐risk procedure that requires multidisciplinary planning and adequate resources to optimize outcome. Transfusion services should have a protocol for managing these cases that addresses preoperative blood component preparation and intraoperative management, should massive hemorrhage occur.
Anti‐D investigations in individuals expressing weak D Type 1 or weak D Type 2: allo‐ or autoantibodies?
Authors: Pham Bach‐Nga , Roussel Michèle , Peyrard Thierry , Beolet Marylise , Jan‐Lasserre Véronique , Gien Dominique , Ripaux Maryline , Bourgouin Sébastien , Kappler‐Gratias Sandrine , Rouger Philippe , Pennec Pierre‐Yves Le 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND: Whether anti‐D produced by individuals with a weak D phenotype are allo‐ or autoantibodies remains a matter of debate even though blood transfusion practice is impacted. The aim of our study was to determine the serologic features of anti‐D in individuals expressing the most frequent weak D type in Caucasians that are weak D Type 1 or weak D Type 2, to assess whether anti‐D were allo‐ or autoantibodies.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Serologic D typing and molecular analysis enabled the including of 121 weak D Type 1 individuals and 99 weak D Type 2 individuals in our study. Serologic features of anti‐D included autologous controls, direct antiglobulin test, elution, and titration of anti‐D before and after adsorption of serum on autologous red blood cells (RBCs).RESULTS: Serologic D typing showed a variable reactivity of RBCs expressing weak D Type 1 or weak D Type 2 (4+ to 0). Anti‐D was identified in six weak D Type 1 and six weak D Type 2 individuals, respectively. The serologic data were in favor of autoantibodies.CONCLUSION: A complete anti‐D investigation in individuals with a D variant (weak D or partial D identified by molecular analysis) should be systematically performed before any valid conclusion on the nature of the antibody. Transfusing weak D Type 1 or weak D Type 2 patients with D+ RBC units should be recommended. Weak D Type 1 or weak D Type 2 pregnant women do not need anti‐D immunoprophylaxis.
Differentiation between pancreatic carcinoma and mass‐forming chronic pancreatitis: Usefulness of high b value diffusion‐weighted imaging
Authors: HUANG Wen Cai , SHENG Jing , CHEN Shi Yue , LU Jian Ping 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE:  To investigate the value of high b value diffusion‐weighted (DW) imaging in differentiating between pancreatic carcinoma and mass‐forming chronic pancreatitis (MFCP).METHODS:  Fifty‐one consecutive patients with pathology‐proven pancreatic carcinoma (n = 37) or MFCP (n = 14) were evaluated with DW imaging (b value, 0 and 1000 s/mm2) at a 3‐T MR system. Overall 20 healthy volunteers were evaluated as the control group. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of normal pancreas, pancreatic carcinoma, MFCP, and mass‐associated obstructive pancreatitis were measured.RESULTS:  On high b value (1000 s/mm2) DW images, both pancreatic carcinoma and MFCP were hyperintense focal lesions; mass‐associated obstructive pancreatitis occurred in 17 of 37 (45.9%) pancreatic carcinoma and 8 of 14 (57.1%) MFCP. The ADC (×10−3 mm2/s) of the pancreatic carcinomas (1.06 ± 0.15) was significantly lower than that of normal pancreas (1.47 ± 0.18; P < 0.01), MFCP (1.35 ± 0.14; P < 0.01) and mass‐associated chronic pancreatitis (1.44 ± 0.17; P < 0.01). The ADC of MFCP was also lower than that in the normal pancreas (P = 0.025), whereas the ADC of mass‐associated obstructive pancreatitis was not different from those of the MFCP (P = 0.113) and normal pancreas (P = 0.544). When 1.195 was used as the optimal cut‐off value, ADC quantification obtained a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 86.5% for differentiating pancreatic carcinomas from MFCP.CONCLUSION:  High b value DW imaging in combination with ADC quantification at a 3‐T MR system is useful in differentiating between pancreatic carcinoma and MFCP.
No effect of co-administered antiepileptic drugs on in-vivo protein binding parameters of valproic acid in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Suzuki Yosuke , Itoh Hiroki , Abe Tomohide , Nishimura Fumihiro , Sato Yuhki , Takeyama Masaharu 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to establish the population protein binding parameters of valproic acid (VPA) in patients with epilepsy receiving VPA monotherapy and those receiving VPA combined with other antiepileptic drugs.

Methods
One hundred and thirty nine data sets from 63 Japanese patients with epilepsy were analysed. These patients were separated into two groups: VPA monotherapy and VPA combined with other binding-sensitive antiepileptic drugs, including phenytoin, clonazepam, clobazam, carbamazepine and phenobarbital (VPA polytherapy). The population protein-binding parameters of VPA were obtained by non-linear least-squares method in each group.

Key findings
The mean (95% confidence interval) dissociation constants were 38.9 µm (33.2–44.6 µm) and 36.9 µm (26.7–47.1 µm), and the numbers of binding sites were 1.36 (1.27–1.44) and 1.33 (1.19–1.47) in the monotherapy and polytherapy groups, respectively. No significant differences in the binding parameters of VPA to serum albumin were observed between the two groups.

Conclusions
The steady-state serum albumin binding of VPA in Japanese patients with epilepsy is not affected by co-administration of other antiepileptic drugs. These findings suggest that serum VPA concentration is stable at the steady state with regard to interaction by protein binding, even when other antiepileptic drugs with moderate-to-high binding properties are co-administered.
Hepato-/reno-protective activity of Chinese prescription Kangen-karyu through inhibition of AGE formation and fibrosis-related protein expression in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Okamoto Takuya , Park Chan Hum , Noh Jeong Sook , Toriizuka Kazuo , Sei Yasuo , Park Jong Cheol , Yokozawa Takako 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Objectives
This study was conducted to examine whether Kangen-karyu, a Chinese prescription, has an ameliorative effect on diabetes-induced alterations such as advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) formation or the fibrotic response in liver and kidney of type 2 diabetic db/db mice.

Methods
Kangen-karyu (100 or 200 mg/kg body weight/day, p.o.) was administered every day for 18 weeks to db/db mice, and its effect was compared with vehicle-treated db/db and m/m mice.

Key findings
The administration of Kangen-karyu decreased the elevated serum glucose concentration in db/db mice. The increased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, which reflect renal dysfunction in db/db mice, were significantly lowered by Kangen-karyu administration. The db/db mice exhibited the up-regulation of AGEs and its receptor expression in liver and kidney; however, Kangen-karyu treatment significantly reduced expression except for the receptor. Moreover, the augmented expressions of fibrosis-related proteins, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, fibronectin and collagen IV were down-regulated by Kangen-karyu administration.

Conclusions
These results provide important evidence that Kangen-karyu exhibits a pleiotropic effect on AGE formation and fibrosis-related parameters, representing hepatoprotective and renoprotective effects against the development of diabetic complications in type 2 diabetic db/db mice.
Multicentric Evaluation of New Commercial Enzyme Immunoassays for the Detection of Immunoglobulin M and Total Antibodies against Hepatitis A Virus
Authors: Arcangeletti M. C. , Dussaix E. , Ferraglia F. , Roque-Afonso A. M. , Graube A. , Chezzi C. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTA multicentric clinical study was conducted on representative sera from 1,738 European and U.S. subjects for the evaluation of new anti-hepatitis A virus enzyme immunoassays from Bio-Rad Laboratories. Comparison with reference DiaSorin S.p.A. tests confirmed the good performance of Bio-Rad assays (99.85% and 99.47% overall agreement in detecting total antibodies and IgM, respectively).
Suitability of Xpert MTB/RIF and Genotype MTBDR
plus
for Patient Selection for a Tuberculosis Clinical Trial
Authors: Friedrich Sven O. , Venter Amour , Kayigire Xavier A. , Dawson Rodney , Donald Peter R. , Diacon Andreas H. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Participation criteria for clinical trials in pulmonary tuberculosis commonly include confirmation of sputum positive for mycobacteria and an indication of drug susceptibility before treatment is initiated. We investigated the suitability of two novel sputum-based nucleic acid amplification methods for patient selection in a recent early bactericidal activity study. Spontaneously expectorated sputum samples of 140 consecutive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were examined with direct fluorescence microscopy, Genotype MTBDR
plus
assay (MTBDR), Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert), and liquid mycobacterial culture. The methods detected mycobacteria or mycobacterial DNA in 96.8%, 90.5%, 92.9%, and 92.1% of samples, respectively. MTBDR, Xpert, and liquid culture were 100% concordant for detection of resistance to rifampin. Sensitivity and specificity of MTBDR for detection of isoniazid resistance were 83.3% and 100%, respectively. For quantification of mycobacterial sputum load, we found a correlation between Xpert DNA amplification cycle thresholds, time to positivity, and microscopy smear grade. The best correlation was found between Xpert and time to positivity (
r
= 0.54), which were both correlated with smear microscopy with
r
values equal to −0.40 and −0.48, respectively. We conclude that MTBDR and Xpert are suitable screening tools for determining rifampin resistance in sputum microscopy smear-positive patients before participation in tuberculosis trials. Xpert should be further explored as a surrogate measurement for sputum mycobacterial load.
Controlled Comparison of BacT/Alert MB System, Manual Myco/F Lytic Procedure, and Isolator 10 System for Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacteremia
Authors: Crump John A. , Morrissey Anne B. , Ramadhani Habib O. , Njau Boniface N. , Maro Venance P. , Reller L. Barth 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

We compared the performance of the BacT/Alert MB system, that of the manual Bactec Myco/F Lytic procedure, and that of the Isolator 10 lysis-centrifugation system in the detection of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
bacteremia. Mean times to detection were 16.4 days for BacT/Alert MB versus 20.0 days for Myco/F Lytic, 16.5 days for BacT/Alert MB versus 23.8 days for Isolator 10, and 21.1 days for Bactec Myco/F Lytic versus 22.7 days for Isolator 10. There were no significant differences in yields. The mean (range) magnitude of mycobacteremia was 30.0 (0.4, 90.0) CFU/ml and was correlated with the time to positivity in the BacT/Alert MB system (
r
= −0.4920).
M. tuberculosis
bacteremia was detected more rapidly in a continuously monitored liquid blood culture system, but the mean time to positivity exceeded 3 weeks.
Alpha-internexin expression in gliomas: relationship with histological type and 1p, 19q, 10p and 10q status
Authors: Durand Karine , Guillaudeau Angélique , Pommepuy Isabelle , Mesturoux Laura , Chaunavel Alain , Gadeaud Emilie , Porcheron Marion , Moreau Jean-Jacques , Labrousse François 
Published: June 2011

BackgroundThealpha-internexin(INA) gene encodes an intermediate filament involved in neurogenesis and maps in 10q24.33. A strong INA protein expression has been reported in oligodendroglial tumours and was associated with 1p19q deletion. To assess the relevance of INA immunohistochemistry in glioma typing, this paper studied the relationship between INA expression, histological type, genomic status and patient outcome.MethodsThe study analysed INA, nestin, Olig2 and p53 expression, loss of heterozygosity of microsatellite markers from telomere to centromere of 10p, 10q, 1p and 19q chromosomes andepidermal growth factor receptorgene (EGFR) amplification in 40 gliomas (five astrocytomas, 12 oligodendrogliomas, 11 oligoastrocytomas, 12 glioblastomas). INA expression was scored as absent, weak (<10% of labelled tumour cells) or strong (>10%).ResultsOligodendrogliomas showed strong INA and Olig2 expression, and 1p19q whole loss of heterozygosity (wLOH). Astrocytomas and glioblastomas were characterised by no or weak INA expression, high p53 and nestin expression, 10p10q wLOH, andepidermal growth factor receptoramplification. Most oligoastrocytomas had characteristics of astrocytic tumours. All tumours with strong INA expression retained the 10q chromosome arm and, except for one, had a 1p19q wLOH status. However, despite a strong link between INA expression, 1p19q wLOH and 10q retention, discrepancies were observed in 10% of cases. The presence of INA expression, whether weak or strong, was related to a better prognosis.ConclusionINA expression study can be helpful for glioma typing and prognosis determination in combination with other markers. Nevertheless, INA immunohistochemistry cannot replace the genomic analysis to determine 1p19q and 10p10q status.
IL-8 Signaling Plays a Critical Role in the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition of Human Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Fernando Romaine I. , Castillo Marianne D. , Litzinger Mary , Hamilton Duane H. , Palena Claudia 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe switch of tumor cells from an epithelial to a mesenchymal-like phenotype [designated as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)] is known to induce tumor cell motility and invasiveness, therefore promoting metastasis of solid carcinomas. Although multiple studies have focused on elucidating the signaling events that initiate this phenotypic switch, there has been so far no characterization of the pattern of soluble mediators released by tumor cells undergoing EMT, and the potential impact that this phenotypic switch could have on the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. Here we show that induction of EMT in human carcinoma cells via overexpression of the transcription factor Brachyury is associated with enhanced secretion of multiple cytokines, chemokines, and angiogenic factors and, in particular, with the induction of the IL-8/IL-8R axis. Our results also indicate the essential role of interleukin 8 (IL-8) signaling for the acquisition and/or maintenance of the mesenchymal and invasive features of Brachyury-overexpressing tumor cells and show that IL-8 secreted by tumor cells undergoing EMT could potentiate tumor progression by inducing adjacent epithelial tumor cells into EMT. Altogether, our results emphasize the potential role of EMT in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment via secretion of multiple soluble mediators and suggest that IL-8 signaling blockade may provide a means of targeting mesenchymal-like, invasive tumor cells. Cancer Res; 71(15); 5296–306. ©2011 AACR.
Peloruside- and Laulimalide-Resistant Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells Have βI-Tubulin Mutations and Altered Expression of βII- and βIII-Tubulin Isotypes
Authors: Kanakkanthara Arun , Wilmes Anja , O'Brate Aurora , Escuin Daniel , Chan Ariane , Gjyrezi Ada , Crawford Janet , Rawson Pisana , Kivell Bronwyn , Northcote Peter T. , Hamel Ernest , Giannakakou Paraskevi , Miller John H. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Peloruside A and laulimalide are potent microtubule-stabilizing natural products with a mechanism of action similar to that of paclitaxel. However, the binding site of peloruside A and laulimalide on tubulin remains poorly understood. Drug resistance in anticancer treatment is a serious problem. We developed peloruside A- and laulimalide-resistant cell lines by selecting 1A9 human ovarian carcinoma cells that were able to grow in the presence of one of these agents. The 1A9-laulimalide resistant cells (L4) were 39-fold resistant to the selecting agent and 39-fold cross-resistant to peloruside A, whereas the 1A9-peloruside A resistant cells (R1) were 6-fold resistant to the selecting agent while they remained sensitive to laulimalide. Neither cell line showed resistance to paclitaxel or other drugs that bind to the taxoid site on β-tubulin nor was there resistance to microtubule-destabilizing drugs. The resistant cells exhibited impaired peloruside A/laulimalide-induced tubulin polymerization and impaired mitotic arrest. Tubulin mutations were found in the βI-tubulin isotype, R306H or R306C for L4 and A296T for R1 cells. This is the first cell-based evidence to support a β-tubulin–binding site for peloruside A and laulimalide. To determine whether the different resistance phenotypes of the cells were attributable to any other tubulin alterations, the β-tubulin isotype composition of the cells was examined. Increased expression of βII- and βIII-tubulin was observed in L4 cells only. These results provide insight into how alterations in tubulin lead to unique resistance profiles for two drugs, peloruside A and laulimalide, that have a similar mode of action. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(8); 1419–29. ©2011 AACR.
Rivaroxaban differentially influences ex vivo global coagulation assays based on the administration time
Authors: Hesse Christian , Gertrud Stratmann , Lindhoff-Last Edelgard , Mani Helen 
Published: June 2011

SummaryIt was the objective of this study to quantify the effects of rivaroxaban administration on global coagulation parameters associated with routine clinical procedures, we collected plasma samples from patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery receiving rivaroxaban at various time points after drug administration. Forty-seven patients received rivaroxaban (10 mg daily) for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Blood samples were collected at four different time points: A) before surgery; B) before drug administration at day 4–5 after surgery (steady state of rivaroxaban); C) 2 hours (h) after drug administration and D) 12 h after drug administration. The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), antithrombin (AT) level, fibrinogen level by Clauss method (FibC), and derived fibrinogen (dFIB) level were assessed with various reagents. At 2 h after rivaroxaban administration, the PT and aPTT clotting times were significantly prolonged to different extents up to 1.4 fold, whereas 12 h after drug administration, no significant effect was observed. Rivaroxaban administration had no influence on the TT or the FibC concentration. The dFIB assay was differentially affected by rivaroxaban when different reagents were tested. The AT assay dependent on thrombin activity was not influenced by rivaroxaban, whereas the AT levels dependent on factor Xa activity were significantly increased by rivaroxaban. Clinicians should be aware of the time-dependent influence of rivaroxaban on factor Xa-dependent routine coagulation assays. Therefore, routine coagulation parameters should be assessed directly before drug administration to keep the interaction of rivaroxaban low.
Impaired microvascular properties in uncomplicated type 1 diabetes identified by Doppler ultrasound of the ocular circulation
Authors: Lockhart Christopher J , McCann Aaron , Agnew Christina A , Hamilton Paul K , Quinn Cathy E , McClenaghan Vivienne , Patterson Christopher , Canice McGivern R. , Harbinson Mark T , McVeigh Gary E 
Published: June 2011

Objective: Quantification of Doppler flow velocity waveforms has been shown to predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes and identify altered downstream haemodynamics and vascular damage in a number of organ beds. We employed novel techniques to quantify Doppler flow velocity waveforms from the retro bulbar circulation. Methods and results: In total, 39 patients with uncomplicated Type 1 diabetes mellitus, and no other significant cardiovascular risk factors were compared with 30 control subjects. Flow velocity waveforms were captured from the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA) and the common carotid artery. The flow velocity profiles were analysed in the time domain to calculate the resistive index (RI), and time-frequency domain using novel discrete wavelet transform methods for comparison. Analysis of flow waveforms from the OA and CRA identified specific frequency band differences between groups, occurring independently of potential haemodynamic or metabolic confounding influences. No changes were identified in the calculated RI from any arterial site. Conclusion: Novel analysis of the arterial flow velocity waveforms recorded from the retro bulbar circulation identified quantifiable differences in Doppler flow velocity waveform morphology in patients with diabetes prior to the development of overt retinopathy. The technique may be useful as an additional marker of cardiovascular risk.
Ddx18 is essential for cell-cycle progression in zebrafish hematopoietic cells and is mutated in human AML
Authors: Payne Elspeth M. , Bolli Niccolò , Rhodes Jennifer , Abdel-Wahab Omar I. , Levine Ross , Hedvat Cyrus V. , Stone Richard , Khanna-Gupta Arati , Sun Hong , Kanki John P. , Gazda Hanna T. , Beggs Alan H. , Cotter Finbarr E. , Look A. Thomas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn a zebrafish mutagenesis screen to identify genes essential for myelopoiesis, we identified an insertional allele hi1727, which disrupts the gene encoding RNA helicase dead-box 18 (Ddx18). Homozygous Ddx18 mutant embryos exhibit a profound loss of myeloid and erythroid cells along with cardiovascular abnormalities and reduced size. These mutants also display prominent apoptosis and a G1 cell-cycle arrest. Loss of p53, but not Bcl-xl overexpression, rescues myeloid cells to normal levels, suggesting that the hematopoietic defect is because of p53-dependent G1 cell-cycle arrest. We then sequenced primary samples from 262 patients with myeloid malignancies because genes essential for myelopoiesis are often mutated in human leukemias. We identified 4 nonsynonymous sequence variants (NSVs) of DDX18 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient samples. RNA encoding wild-type DDX18 and 3 NSVs rescued the hematopoietic defect, indicating normal DDX18 activity. RNA encoding one mutation, DDX18-E76del, was unable to rescue hematopoiesis, and resulted in reduced myeloid cell numbers in ddx18hi1727/+ embryos, indicating this NSV likely functions as a dominant-negative allele. These studies demonstrate the use of the zebrafish as a robust in vivo system for assessing the function of genes mutated in AML, which will become increasingly important as more sequence variants are identified by next-generation resequencing technologies.