bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing multisector data to guide policy decision-making to help reduce malnutrition: findings from implementing the National Information Platforms for Nutrition in Africa, Asia and South America
Authors: Dolan Carmel M , Shojam J , Geniez P , Baille B , Barrington L , Onsomu E , Kiplagat I , Katungu J , Kipruto S , Balarabe M 
Published: May 2024

Background An independent assessment was undertaken of the National Information Platform for Nutrition (NIPN) initiative. It examined whether NIPN has contributed to supporting the capacities of national authorities in Scaling up Nutrition (SUN) Movement countries to harness multisector nutrition-relevant data for informing nutrition policy and decision-making. Methods A study protocol was developed to assess NIPNs contribution to indirect outcomes and the NIPN Theory of Change (ToC) was revised to guide the approach. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Development Assistance Criteria (DAC) were used to assess NIPNs Relevance, Coherence, Effectiveness, Impact and Sustainability. Data was gathered through extensive document reviews, structured stakeholder interviews and through country visits to Bangladesh, Kenya and Niger. Results There is unanimity in the relevance of NIPN given the critical need for nutrition relevant multisector data and its analysis to help guide national policy and decision-making to tackle malnutrition. Coherence has been achieved through embedding ownership and activities in national statistics and policy relevant institutions though allied initiatives are not yet adequately harnessed. Each NIPN country has developed new capabilities to identify critical nutrition policy questions and analyse complex population level multisector data to address these questions and disseminate findings through policy briefing materials. Significant impacts are already being achieved through strengthening nutrition relevant data monitoring across sectors, re-analysis of complex data sets, improved visualization of data and through advocacy for more timely nutrition relevant data. More time and appropriate metrics are needed to assess the policy impact of NIPN activities, though in several countries the right environment to influence and change sector and multisector nutrition policies has been created. NIPN relies almost entirely on donor funding for its costs but increasing demand for NIPN products together with national ownership is seen as more likely to bring some degree of sustainability. Conclusions NIPN works as a proof of concept demonstrating that working toward a more conducive environment for evidence-based decision-making in countries with a high burden of malnutrition is possible. Initiatives like NIPN are vital to operationalise multisector nutrition actions plans and achieve national targets and global commitments in nutrition.
Inhibiting the Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) Cascade in Cancer and the Heart: for Better or Worse, in Sickness and Health?
Authors: Clerk Angela 
Published: May 2024

Review
Inhibiting the Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) Cascade in Cancer and the Heart: for Better or Worse, in Sickness and Health?

Angela Clerk *, Shona U Amadi, Samuel J Smith, and Peter H Sugden

School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK
* Correspondence: a.clerk@reading.ac.uk

Received: 3 April 2024; Revised: 27 April 2024; Accepted: 29 April 2024; Published: 23 May 2024

Abstract: The extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are the prototypic mitogen-activated protein kinases, first discovered and investigated in the context of cell division and their role in cancer. ERK1/2 are phosphorylated and activated by upstream kinases, MEK1/2 (also known as MKK1/2) that are in turn phosphorylated and activated by RAF kinases (RAF1, BRAF, ARAF), these being activated by small G proteins of the RAS family (HRAS, KRAS, NRAS). The oncogenic nature of the pathway has resulted in the generation of highly specific inhibitors that are successfully used to treat cancer, particularly melanoma. Those in clinical use currently inhibit some isoforms of RAS, RAF kinases and MEK1/2, with additional inhibitors of these kinases in clinical trials. New drugs are now entering the clinic to inhibit ERK1/2 themselves. The ERK1/2 cascade is also important in the heart. It promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardioprotection to counter pathophysiological stresses, and plays a significant role in enhancing cardiac fibrosis with detrimental consequences for cardiac function. Here, we summarise the role of ERK1/2 signalling in cancer and the heart, we outline the development of ERK1/2 cascade inhibitors for cancer providing information on those that are approved as cancer treatments and those which are in clinical trials, and we discuss the known and predicted consequences of these ERK1/2 cascade inhibitors for the heart. Integral with this, we consider whether these drugs are necessarily detrimental to the heart or if/when they may be repurposed to prevent or treat heart failure.
Increasing Body Mass Index Not Associated With Worse Patient-Reported Outcomes After Primary THA or TKA
Authors: Connors John Patrick , Strecker Sara , Nagarkatti Durgesh , Carangelo Robert James , Witmer Dan 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
As the US obesity epidemic continues to grow, so too does comorbid hip and knee arthritis. Strict body mass index (BMI) cutoffs for total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA) in the morbidly obese have been proposed and remain controversial, although current American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons guidelines recommend a BMI of less than 40 m/kg2 before surgery. This study sought to compare patient-reported outcomes and 30-day complication, readmission, and revision surgery rates after THA or TKA between morbidly obese patients and nonmorbidly obese control subjects.

Methods:
All patients undergoing primary THA and TKA at our institution from May 2020 to July 2022 were identified. Patient demographics, surgical time, length of stay and 30-day readmission, revision surgery, and complication rates were prospectively collected. Preoperative and postoperative Hip and Knee Society (Hip Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [HOOS] and Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS]) were collected. Patients were stratified by BMI as ideal weight (20 to 24.9), overweight (25 to 29.9), class I obese (30 to 34.9), class II obese (35 to 39.9), and morbidly obese (>40 m/kg2).

Results:
A total of 1,423 patients were included for final analysis. No difference was observed in 30-day unplanned return to emergency department, readmission, or revision surgery in the morbidly obese cohort. Morbidly obese patients undergoing THA had lower preoperative HOOS (49.5 versus 54.5, P = 0.004); however, there was no difference in postoperative HOOS or KOOS at 12 months across all cohorts.

Discussion:
No difference was observed in 30-day return to emergency department, readmission, or revision surgery in the morbidly obese cohort. Despite a lower preoperative HOOS, there was no difference in 12-month HOOS or KOOS when stratified by BMI. These findings suggest that such patients may achieve similar benefit from arthroplasty as their ideal weight counterparts.
Dubbele Tweede Kamer of Kamerloos moment?
Authors: de Bruyne M. , Leertouwer G. 
Published: May 2024

Dubbele Tweede Kamer of Kamerloos moment?
Dit artikel analyseert wanneer het lidmaatschap van de Tweede Kamer aanvangt op basis van de huidige regelgeving. Voor het functioneren van de volksvertegenwoordiging is het van wezenlijk belang om duidelijk te weten vanaf welk moment volksvertegenwoordigers hun ambt kunnen en moeten uitoefen. Die duidelijkheid is ook van belang met het oog op de voorgenomen invoering van een geschillenregeling over het verkiezingsproces. De auteurs constateren dat de regelgeving problematisch is met het oog op de continuïteit van de Tweede Kamer en dat de Kieswet door het schrappen van een eerdere geschillenregeling onduidelijker is geworden. Ook menen zij dat teveel gewicht wordt toegekend aan het moment van de beëdiging. De auteurs pleiten ervoor om ook voor de Tweede Kamer een duidelijk moment te bepalen voor de aanvang van de ambtsuitoefening, in aansluiting bij de situatie van gemeenteraden en bewindspersonen.
12th European Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) Conference ‘European perspectives on Guided Imagery and Music: Visions, challenges and crossroads’
Authors: Samara Maria 
Published: May 2024

12th European Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) Conference ‘European perspectives on Guided Imagery and Music: Visions, challenges and crossroads’ | 13-18 September 2016 | Anavyssos, Athens, Greece
Penerapan Qr Code dalam Media Pembelajaran Terintegrasi Big Data Berbasis Smart And Green untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA dan Identifikasi Tumbuhan di Sekolah
Authors: Fauzan Ahmad , Aldila Intan Maharani  , Nazida Wahyu Dyah Pramesti  , Candra Ar Roziq I Pranoto  
Published: May 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh penggunan quick response code di dalam media pembelajaran. Metode penelitian quasi eksperiment dengan kombinasi model sequential explanatory design. Pengujian normalitas menggunakan chi-square. Uji normalitas kelompok eksperimen 5,710 = 11,070, data terdistribusi secara normal. Metode untuk menguji apakah kelompok kontrol terdistribusi normal menggunakan uji normalitas 10,665 = 11,070, data terdistribusi secara normal. Metode untuk menguji apakah data homogen menggunakan uji F, , data terdistribusi secara homogen. Metode pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan uji-t, dan diperoleh = 2,980 serta = 1,684 dengan taraf signifikansi 5% serta derajad kebebasan (db = 38) > (2,980 > 1,684), maka terdapat pengaruh penggunaan qr code berbasis SMART and GREEN ke dalam media pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar IPA. Buku menggunakan acuan identifikasi morfologi tumbuhan serta buku flora, plantamor species search dan inaturalis. Menulis deskripsi tumbuhan dengan ciri morfologi daun, batang, bunga mencocokkan hasil ke plantamor species search dan inaturalis. Hasil identifikasi menghasilkan data yang dintegrasikan big data melalui qr code creator.
O papel das práticas espaciais na construção da vulnerabilidade a desastres
Authors: Vicenzi Franco Ana Carolina , Nehls Dias Vera Lúcia 
Published: May 2024

O trabalho constitui um esforço teórico de compreensão sobre os nexos entre a produção do espaço - a partir da categoria das práticas espaciais, e a produção da vulnerabilidade a desastres. Desastres são simultaneamente eventos e processos sociais resultantes da inter-relação entre um hazard e uma sociedade humana, onde a vulnerabilidade se constitui como um fator chave na constituição do risco. As práticas espaciais, por sua vez, compreendem uma categoria de prática social cujo cerne se encontra vinculado à espacialidade dessas práticas, ou, em outras palavras, à capacidade de inscrição no espaço dos resultados dessas práticas, e de suas reverberações, a partir do espaço, sobre os grupos humanos. Neste sentido, as relações sociais vão sendo inscritas no espaço, marcando materialmente as diferenças e desigualdades do campo social. É nesse contexto que se inscreve a produção de vulnerabilidades, que se configuram como vulnerabilidade a desastre em face de um hazard, seja ele de origem natural ou antrópica.
Influencia del polimorfismo del CYP2D6*4 en el resultado del tratamiento con fármacos serotoninérgicos. Papel de la farmacia comunitaria en su optimización
Authors: García Sánchez Belén , Rodríguez Arcas María Jesús , Ortiz Sánchez Juana María , Conesa Zamora Pablo 
Published: May 2024

Introducción: Los polimorfismos genéticos en las enzimas hepáticas de metabolización son una de las principales razones de las diferencias interindividuales en la respuesta a los fármacos. La mayoría de los medicamentos serotoninérgicos son metabolizados por la isoforma CYP2D6 del CYP450, por tanto, variaciones en la secuencia del gen que codifica para esta enzima y, específicamente, la identificación genética de la variante CYP2D6*4 puede ayudarnos a predecir la respuesta a este grupo de fármacos. El objetivo del estudio es relacionar la efectividad del tratamiento, la seguridad y la adherencia de los pacientes tratados con serotoninérgicos con los distintos genotipos responsables de los fenotipos metabolizador normal (NM), metabolizador intermedio (IM) y metabolizador lento (PM).
Método: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental desde la farmacia comunitaria. El investigador principal realizó la oferta del servicio y llevó a cabo una entrevista inicial donde obtuvo la información sobre los parámetros clínicos y los problemas de salud del paciente. Tras ello, se tomó una muestra de saliva que posteriormente fue genotipada en el hospital mediante una Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) competitiva alelo específica. Posteriormente, se relacionó con los problemas de salud del paciente y su medicación en una fecha determinada y se contrastó la situación clínica del paciente con la evidencia científica existente. Finalmente, se identificaron los Problemas Relacionados con los Medicamentos (PRM) y los Resultados Negativos asociados a la Medicación (RNM).
Resultados y conclusiones: Se entrevistaron a 23 pacientes de los cuales únicamente 4 obtuvieron el fenotipo IM, mientras que el resto fueron NM. Los pacientes fenotipados como IM tuvieron una mayor efectividad del tratamiento serotoninérgico – probablemente debido a su mayor concentración de fármaco – y una mayor adherencia al tratamiento que los pacientes NM. Sin embargo, mostraron más Resultados Negativos Asociados a la medicación (RNM), en especial los dosis-dependientes. Aun así, la influencia evidenciada del polimorfismo genético en la respuesta al tratamiento serotoninérgico nos hace recomendar su inclusión en la clasificación del FORO AF-FC como un nuevo Problema Relacionado con la Medicación (PRM). En cualquier caso, dado el escaso tamaño de muestra, los resultados no fueron estadísticamente significativos. Se requiere más investigación para poder llegar a conclusiones firmes.
Gestión didáctica de la superación en ciencia-tecnología y sociedad de los directivos de universidades médicas
Authors: Vizcay Castilla Marisel , Morell Alonso Danni , Armas Crespo Miguel , García Martín Marleni 
Published: May 2024

La gestión didáctica de la superación en Ciencia-Tecnología y Sociedad (CTS) de los directivos de las universidades de ciencias médicas, constituye un proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje complejo y sistemático que tiene en cuenta los presupuestos didácticos y metodológicos de la educación CTC. La visión social de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación debe incorporarse a la gestión de los procesos universitarios para lograr una universidad innovadora para el desarrollo.
Kajian Semantik Dan Diksi Puisi “Perempuan Yang Membakar Sepi” Karya Nissa Rengganis Dan Pemanfaatannya Sebagai Buku Pengayaan Puisi Di SMA
Authors: Muhamad Edi Gunawan  , Ahmad Maskur Subaweh  , Masrurih  
Published: May 2024

Puisi karya sastra dalam bentuk tulisan imajinatif memiliki makna tersirat pesan pengarang yang disampaikan melalui sebuah karya tulis. Puisi dengan diksi kalimat yang di padatkan dengan keindahan dan dengan struktur yang kompleks sehingga menghasilkan karya yang bernilai seni tinggi untuk memahami setiap isi maknanya. Pengarang menulis puisi biasanya tidak lepas dari perjalanan hidup, budaya dan lingkungan sekitar sehingga terciptanya puisi dengan ciri khas penulis itu. Penelitian ini membahas tentang makna puisi Perempuan yang Membakar Sepi karya Nissa Rengganis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pisau analisis semantik dan pemanfaatannya sebagai buku pengayaan puisi untuk peserta didik dan dapat pula dipelajari oleh umum.
The paediatric liver transplant experience in Johannesburg, South Africa: A broad overview and update
Authors: Kinandu K , Beeton A , Beretta M , Berkenfeld S , Brannigan L , Britz R , Demopoulos D , Doedens L , Duncan M , Gaylard P , Hajinicolaou C , Lowman W , Maher H , De Maayer T , Mudau V , Rambarran S , Reynders M , van der Schyff F , Ströbele B , Tager S , Wessels E , Fabian J , Loveland J 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The Wits Transplant Unit performed its first paediatric liver transplant in 2005. Initial experiences from the unit were published in 2012 and 2014. Since then, significant progress has been made in capacity-building the unit, improving outcomes and enhancing service delivery. This paper presents a broad overview and update of the unit’s 17-year experience.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective review of all paediatric liver transplants performed in Johannesburg from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2021 with a minimum one-year follow-up. Data were accessed from the Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre Paediatric Liver Transplant Research Database (University of the Witwatersrand Human Research Ethics approval: M190749). The following data were collected: donor and recipient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, details of transplant procedures, donor grafts and recipient outcomes (post-operative complications, graft and recipient survival).

Results:
A total of 270 transplants were performed during the review period. Two thirds of recipients (n=180, 67%) were younger than 5 years at time of transplant and half (n=135, 50%) received a living donor graft. The most common indication for liver transplant was biliary atresia, followed by acute liver failure. Unadjusted recipient survival was 80% (95% CI: 75-85%) at one year, and 68% (95% CI: 59-75%) at five years. Waiting list mortality decreased from 27.3% in 2017 to 5.9% in 2021. One hundred and fifty-four (57.0%) recipients experienced at least one type of intervention requiring surgical complication - the most common being biliary in nature (n = 91; 33.7%).

Conclusion:
Over last seventeen years, a sustainable paediatric liver transplantation service has been established in Johannesburg. Living donor, split and ABO incompatible liver transplants have been incorporated in response to the severe organ shortage in South Africa. However, our outcomes can be improved. Additionally, a national transplant initiative to coordinate timeous referrals and expand access to liver transplantation for children with severe acute and chronic liver failure is advised.
Improving corporate income tax control: a regional aspect
Authors: SHelepova Natal'ya Vasil'evna , Medved'ko Anastasiya Sergeevna 
Published: May 2024

The article discusses ways to improve tax control on corporate income tax, based on the already well-known experience of tax authorities and tax reporting of the Federal Tax Service of Russia in the Amur region. The analysis of such areas of tax control as desk tax audits and on-site tax audits based on the materials of the Federal Tax Service for the Amur region was carried out. The analysis showed that the number of desk tax audits, the results of which revealed tax offenses, is decreasing, which may indicate an improvement in the information activities of the Federal Tax Service of Russia in the Amur region. The number of on-site tax audits, the results of which revealed a tax offense, practically corresponds to the number of on-site tax audits conducted, which indicates the predominant use of a risk-based approach to planning on-site tax audits of the Federal Tax Service of Russia in the Amur region. However, the revealed number of tax offenses based on the results of tax audits does not allow us to conclude that tax control is sufficiently effective. The most common schemes of illegal tax optimization and certain types of tax offenses are considered. The article also suggests ways to improve tax control on corporate income tax aimed at regulating, preventing and combating tax offenses. The methods used in the study are horizontal analysis, induction and deduction. The methodology of the work is the justification of the relevance of the work, the formulation of the problem, the study of desk and field inspections, the results of the study and conclusions. Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that the number of tax offenses identified by the results of tax audits based on the materials of the Federal Tax Service for the Amur Region suggests the need to improve tax control over corporate income tax using such methods of preventing and combating tax offenses as information notification to taxpayers about the revealed facts of tax offenses, interim measures and tax sanctions for these offenses, an increase in tax penalties and fines in an amount higher than the tax rate for which a tax offense has been detected and a ban on registration of more than two or three organizations per individual. This will lead to an increase in the volume of funds flowing to the budget of the Amur region and a decrease in tax offenses committed by taxpayers.
The Contribution of High‐Energy X‐Rays and Neutrons to Characterization and Development of Intermetallic Titanium Aluminides
Authors: Schmoelzer T. , Liss K.‐D. , Staron P. , Mayer S. , Clemens H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIntermetallic γ‐TiAl based alloys are a novel class of lightweight structural materials that exhibit excellent high‐temperature strength while having low density. These properties make them ideal candidates for replacing dense Ni base alloys currently used in the temperature range from 550 to 750 °C. Therefore, extensive research activities were conducted during the last 20 years to make this innovative class of materials fit for service. In this task, diffraction methods have been an important tool for promoting the development of TiAl alloys. The ability to perform experiments in situ and to determine phase fractions even in cases where two phases are present in ultrafine lamellar structures are only two examples for applications in which diffraction methods are indispensable. In this work, a review is given concerning the use of diffraction methods in the development of TiAl alloys. Different methods are introduced and highlighted by examples. This review lists the advantages of diffraction experiments and critically discusses the limits of the individual methods.
A Generalized Mechanism for Ligand‐Induced Dipolar Assembly of Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticle Chain Networks
Authors: Li Mei , Johnson Sara , Guo Hongtao , Dujardin Erik , Mann Stephen 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe mechanism of gold nanoparticle chain assembly associated with the induction of electric dipole–dipole interactions arising from the partial ligand exchange of surface‐adsorbed citrate ions by mercaptoethanol is investigated. UV‐vis spectrophotometry and electron microscopy are used, respectively, to determine the kinetics and time‐dependent structural changes associated with formation of the 1D nanoparticle superstructures between 5 and 50 °C. The results indicate that assembly of the plasmonic nanoparticle networks is extremely sensitive to changes in temperature. Formation of the nanoparticle chains is optimized at 25–30 °C and follows first order kinetics with increasing reaction rates attained for higher initial nanoparticle concentrations. Below 25 °C, plasmonic nanoparticle networks are produced but at a considerably reduced rate. In contrast, above 30 °C, short‐chain networks form rapidly but the process is superseded by a secondary mechanism that limits chain growth and produces small fragments and isolated Au nanoparticles. The changes in assembly behavior are attributed to the temperature‐dependent ordering and disordering of mercaptoethanol molecules associated with the gold nanoparticle surface. The results provide a general mechanistic model for the self‐assembly of metallic nanoparticles based on ligand‐induced electric dipolar interactions, which are globally under thermodynamic control but sensitive to kinetic aspects. It is also shown that the dipolar mechanism can be further exploited to introduce larger nanoparticles as topological dopants that reside specifically at branching points or termini in the self‐assembled 1D nanoparticle networks.