bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Catalytic and Positively Thermosensitive Molecularly Imprinted Polymer
Authors: Li Songjun , Ge Yi , Turner Anthony P. F. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA catalytic and positively thermosensitive molecularly imprinted polymer is reported. This unique imprinted polymer was composed of 4‐nitrophenyl phosphate‐imprinted networks that exhibited a thermosensitive interpolymer interaction between poly(2‐trifluoromethylacrylic acid) (PTFMA) and poly(1‐vinylimidazole) (PVI), which contains catalytically active sites. At a relatively low temperature (such as 20 °C), this imprinted polymer did not demonstrate significant catalytic activity for the hydrolysis of 4‐nitrophenyl acetate due to the interpolymer complexation between PVI and PTFMA, which blocked access to the active sites of PVI and caused shrinking of the polymer. Conversely, at higher temperatures (such as 40 °C), this polymer showed significant catalytic activity resulting from the dissociation of the interpolymer complexes between PVI and PTFMA, which facilitated access to the active sites of PVI and inflated the polymer. Unlike previously reported poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐based molecularly imprinted polymers, which demonstrated decreased molecular recognition and catalytic activity with increased temperatures, i.e., negatively thermosensitive molecular recognition and catalysis abilities, this imprinted polymer exploits the unique interpolymer interaction between PVI and PTFMA, enabling the reversed thermal responsiveness.
Sensing Nucleic Acids with Dimer Nanoclusters
Authors: Chi Cheng , Maye Mathew M. , Stadler Andrea L. , van der Lelie Daniel , Gang Oleg 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDNA linked nanoparticles are applied as a sensor for single‐stranded DNA detection. The detection is based on nanocluster dimer disassembly triggered by the binding of target nucleic acid strands. Target detection and disassembly kinetics are followed in real‐time using dynamic light scattering. The observed disassembly process is in agreement with a two‐step kinetic model. The DNA sensing is found to be selective down to the level of a single base mismatch, even in the presence of a high concentration of interference DNA. The method further provides label‐free detection of DNA in minutes and demonstrates the use of this new class of nanoclusters as a powerful platform for nucleic acid detection.
Highly Luminescent Organosilane‐Functionalized Carbon Dots
Authors: Wang Fu , Xie Zheng , Zhang Hao , Liu Chun‐yan , Zhang Ying‐ge 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe first use of an organosilane as a coordinating solvent to synthesize highly luminescent (quantum yield = 47%) amorphous carbon dots (CDs) in one minute is reported. The CDs, which benefit from surface methoxysilyl groups, have a diameter of ~0.9 nm and can easily be fabricated into pure CD fluorescent films or monoliths simply by heating them at 80 ºC for 24 h. Moreover, the non‐water‐stable CDs can be further transformed into water‐soluble CDs/silica particles, which are biocompatible with and nontoxic to the selected cell lines in our preliminary evaluation. The proposed novel synthetic route is believed to provide an alternative synthesis route and should inspire more research into the origin and applications of CDs, as well as delivering CD‐based materials.
Graphene: Carbide‐Derived Carbons – From Porous Networks to Nanotubes and Graphene (Adv. Funct. Mater. 5/2011)
Authors: Presser Volker , Heon Min , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCarbide‐derived carbons (CDCs) are a large family of carbon materials derived from carbide precursors that are transformed into pure carbon via physical (e.g., thermal decomposition) or chemical (e.g., halogenation) processes. Structurally, CDC ranges from amorphous carbon to graphite, carbon nanotubes or graphene. For halogenated carbides, a high level of control over the resulting amorphous porous carbon structure is possible by changing the synthesis conditions and carbide precursor. The large number of resulting carbon structures and their tunability enables a wide range of applications, from tribological coatings for ceramics, or selective sorbents, to gas and electrical energy storage. In particular, the application of CDC in supercapacitors has recently attracted much attention. This review paper summarizes key aspects of CDC synthesis, properties, and applications. It is shown that the CDC structure and properties are sensitive to changes of the synthesis parameters. Understanding of processing–structure–properties relationships facilitates tuning of the carbon material to the requirements of a certain application.
A Durable Alternative for Proton‐Exchange Membranes: Sulfonated Poly(Benzoxazole Thioether Sulfone)s
Authors: Zhao Dan , Li Jinhuan , Song Min‐Kyu , Yi Baolian , Zhang Huamin , Liu Meilin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTo develop a durable proton‐exchange membrane (PEM) for fuel‐cell applications, a series of sulfonated poly(benzoxazole thioether sulfone)s ( SPTESBOs) are designed and synthesized, with anticipated good dimensional stability (via acid–base cross linking), improved oxidative stability against free radicals (via incorporation of thioether groups), and enhanced inherent stability (via elimination of unstable end groups) of the backbone. The structures and the degree of sulfonation of the copolymers are characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 19F NMR). The electrochemical stabilities of the monomers are examined using cyclic voltammetry in a typical three‐electrode cell configuration. The physicochemical properties of the membranes vital to fuel‐cell performance are also carefully evaluated under conditions relevant to fuel‐cell operation, including chemical and thermal stability, proton conductivity, solubility in different solvents, water uptake, and swelling ratio. The new membranes exhibit low dimensional change at 25°C to 90°C and excellent thermal stability up to 250°C. Upon elimination of unstable end groups, the co‐polymers display enhanced chemical resistance and oxidative stability in Fenton's test. Further, the SPTESBO‐HFB‐60 (HFB‐60=hexafluorobenzene, 60 mol% sulfone) membrane displays comparable fuel‐cell performance to that of an NRE 212 membrane at 80°C under fully humidified condition, suggesting that the new membranes have the potential to be more durable but less expensive for fuel‐cell applications.
Fabrication and photocatalytic properties of novel ZnO/ZnAl2O4 nanocomposite with ZnAl2O4 dispersed inside ZnO network
Authors: Zhao Xiaofei , Wang Lei , Xu Xin , Lei Xiaodong , Xu Sailong , Zhang Fazhi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNovel ZnO/ZnAl2O4 nanocomposites with ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed inside a network of ZnO are fabricated by thermal treatment of a single‐source precursor of ZnAl‐layered double hydroxides (ZnAl‐LDHs) at 800°C. The effects of the Zn/Al molar ratio of the LDH precursors on the structure, composition, morphology, textural as well as UV‐absorbing properties and photocatalytic activities of the nanocomposites are investigated in detail. The results show that the ZnO/ZnAl2O4 nanocomposites derived from the ZnAl‐LDHs precursors have superior photocatalytic performances to either single phase ZnO or similar ZnO/ZnAl2O4 samples fabricated by chemical coprecipitation or physical mixing method. The heterojunction nanostructure and the strong coupling between the ZnO and ZnAl2O4 phase derived from ZnAl‐LDHs precursors are proposed to contribute the efficient spatial separation between the photo‐generated electrons and holes, which can concomitantly improve the photocatalytic activities. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Enhanced oxygen mobility and reactivity for ethanol steam reforming
Authors: Zhang Chengxi , Li Shuirong , Li Maoshuai , Wang Shengping , Ma Xinbin , Gong Jinlong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article describes a strategy for increasing oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of ethanol steam reforming (ESR) catalysts. Sintering and carbon deposition are major defects of nickel‐based catalysts for ESR; tuning oxygen mobility (OM) of CeO2‐based supports can overcome these drawbacks and promote H2 production. We have successfully increased OSC and OM by adding Mg into the lattice of Ni/CeO2 to promote H2 production in ESR. The insertion of Mg into the CeO2 lattice efficiently promotes the reduction of Ce4+ according to X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) and temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR) analysis. Mg‐modified Ni/CeO2 catalysts have larger OSC and smaller nickel crystallite size compared with bare Ni/CeO2. The optimal Mg addition is 7 mol % (Ni/7MgCe) with the best OM. We also present evidence indicating that Mg addition significantly promotes ethanol conversion and H2 production in ESR, and that Ni/7MgCe yields the best performance due to the high OM of the support. These Mg‐modified catalysts also produce less carbon deposition compared with Ni/CeO2, and the amount of deposited carbon decreases with increasing Mg addition. Ni/7MgCe has the best resistance to carbon deposition owing to the excellent OM. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Temperature wave‐trains of periodically forced networks of catalytic reactors
Authors: Altimari Pietro , Mancusi Erasmo , Russo Lucia , Crescitelli Silvestro 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNetworks of N identical catalytic reactors with periodically switched inlet and outlet sections are studied for first‐order irreversible exothermic reactions. Switching strategies with inlet and outlet sections periodically jumping a fixed number ns of reactors are considered and the mechanisms governing the formation of traveling temperature wave‐trains are analyzed as ns and N are varied. To this aim, a geometric approach to the analysis of the network energy balance is developed. Based on this approach, infinite domains of traveling temperature wave‐trains are predicted for any ns and N. Analytical approximations are derived for the stability limits and the spatiotemporal patterns of these regimes. Stability boundaries predicted analytically include for any solution the largest part of the stability region computed by numerical simulation. Moreover, good agreement is found between the structure of the spatiotemporal patterns computed numerically and that predicted based on the proposed approach. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Oxidative stress in sickle cell disease; pathophysiology and potential implications for disease management
Authors: Nur Erfan , Biemond Bart J. , Otten Hans‐Martin , Brandjes Dees P. , Schnog John‐John B. ,   the CURAMA Study Group
Published: February 2011

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is a hemoglobinopathy characterized by hemolytic anemia, increased susceptibility to infections and vaso‐occlusion leading to a reduced quality of life and life expectancy. Oxidative stress is an important feature of SCD and plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of hemolysis, vaso‐occlusion and ensuing organ damage in sickle cell patients. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the (end‐)products of their oxidative reactions are potential markers of disease severity and could be targets for antioxidant therapies. This review will summarize the role of ROS in SCD and their potential implication for SCD management. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonadherence to Imatinib adversely affects event free survival in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ganesan Prasanth , Sagar Tenali Gnana , Dubashi Biswajit , Rajendranath Rejiv , Kannan Krishnarathinam , Cyriac Sanju , Nandennavar Manjunath 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThere is limited data on the impact of treatment interruptions due to nonadherence in patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP‐CML) treated with Imatinib. We looked at factors (including adherence to therapy) affecting the outcome in a large cohort of patients with CP‐CML. All the 516 patients received Imatinib free‐of‐cost through a company sponsored scheme, which mandated regular three monthly visits for drug procurement. Data regarding the disease characteristics, adherence to treatment and outcomes, were obtained from patients records. Unwarranted interruption of treatment for more than 1 week was defined as nonadherence. With a median follow‐up of 39 months, the estimated 5‐year event free survival (EFS) was 70.8% (95%, CI = 63.3–78.3). Nearly one‐third of the patients (29.6%) were found to be nonadherent at some point during their treatment. On univariate analysis, the factors adversely affecting the EFS were prolonged symptom duration before diagnosis, treatment with hydroxyurea for more than 1 month before start of Imatinib, and nonadherence to therapy. Only nonadherence was significant in multivariate analysis (HR1.6; P = 0.048). The 5‐year EFS in adherent and nonadherent patients was 76.7% and 59.8% respectively (P = 0.011, log rank test). Nonadherent patients were less likely to achieve complete cytogenetic responses (26% versus 44%; P = 0.004; χ2 test) at any point. A significant proportion of patients with CP‐CML have drug interruptions due to nonadherence during therapy and this compromises the EFS. Adherence to therapy must be included as an important evaluation parameter in all future studies of CML. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Social relationships between adult females and the alpha male in wild tufted capuchin monkeys
Authors: Tiddi Barbara , Aureli Filippo , Schino Gabriele , Voelkl Bernhard 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPrimates are notable for the widespread presence of long‐term female–male associations which go beyond the mating context. However, little attention has been given to the factors that affect within‐species variation in female–male relationships, especially among New World primates. Although detailed accounts of heterosexual relationships in Cebus species are scarce, a few studies have suggested the occurrence of strong associations between adult females and high‐ranking males. This study explores affiliative relationships between females and the alpha male during the nonbreeding season in wild tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus). Affiliative relationships were explored through female–male patterns of spatial proximity and grooming. By adopting a social network approach, we analyzed: (1) whether the alpha male is the preferred male partner for females and, (2) whether variation (if any) in female–alpha male affiliation can be explained through both female individual characteristics and social network metrics. Our results showed that alpha males were the favorite male partner for adult females in the proximity networks, but this did not hold true in the grooming networks. In addition, female–alpha male interaction patterns showed considerable variation, with only some females being strongly associated with the alpha male. Our results suggest that such a variation can be explained by female dominance rank, level of centrality (the quantity and intensity of spatial connection with other females) and prestige (the quantity of grooming received by other females) in female–female social networks. Taken together, these findings highlight two aspects of female–alpha male relationships in tufted capuchin monkeys: the alpha male represents the most socially integrated male in the group, and females with high dominance ranks and high centrality in both proximity and grooming networks show stronger relationships with the alpha male. Am. J. Primatol. 73:812–820, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasma tissue kallikrein level is negatively associated with incident and recurrent stroke: A multicenter case–control study in China
Authors: Zhang Qin , Ding Hu , Yan Jiangtao , Wang Wei , Ma Aiqun , Zhu Zhiming , Cianflone Katherine , Hu Frank B. , Hui Rutai , Wang Dao Wen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjective:Tissue kallikrein (TK) cleaves kininogen to produce the potent bioactive compounds kinin and bradykinin, which lower blood pressure and protect the heart, kidneys, and blood vessels. Reduction in TK levels is associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes in animal models. In this study, we investigated the association of TK levels with event‐free survival over 5 years in Chinese first‐ever stroke patients.Methods:We conducted a case–control study with 1,268 stroke patients (941 cerebral infarction, 327 cerebral hemorrhage) and 1,210 controls. Plasma TK levels were measured with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We used logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models to assess the relationship between TK levels and risk of first‐time or recurrent stroke.Results:Plasma TK levels were significantly lower in stroke patients (0.163 ± 0.064mg/l vs 0.252 ± 0.093mg/l, p < 0.001), especially those with ischemic stroke. After adjustment for traditional risk factors, plasma TK levels were negatively associated with the risk of first‐ever stroke (odds ratio [OR], 0.344; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30–0.389; p < 0.001) and stroke recurrence and positively associated with event‐free survival during 5 years of follow‐up (relative risk, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74–0.90; p < 0.001). Compared with the first quartile of plasma TK levels, the ORs for first‐ever stroke patients were as follows: second quartile, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.56–1.07); third quartile, 0.23 (95% CI, 0.17–0.32); fourth quartile, 0.04 (95% CI, 0.03–0.06).Interpretation:Lower plasma TK levels are independently associated with first‐ever stroke and are an independent predictor of recurrence after an initial stroke. ANN NEUROL 2011;
Kristalline Lipiddomänen: Charakterisierung durch Röntgenbeugung und ihre Rolle in der Biologie
Authors: Ziblat Roy , Leiserowitz Leslie , Addadi Lia 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBiologische Membranen enthalten Tausende verschiedenartiger Lipide, die sich in ihren Alkylketten, ihren Kopfgruppen und ihrem Sättigungsgrad unterscheiden. Es wird geschätzt, dass 5 % der Gene des menschlichen Genoms für die Regulation der Lipidzusammensetzung von Zellmembranen zuständig sind. Eine Erklärung für diese Vielfalt findet sich zumindest ansatzweise in der Fähigkeit von Lipiden, in spezifische Domänen zu segregieren, die wichtig für die Zellfunktion sind. Immer häufiger wurden Röntgenbeugungsmethoden genutzt, um die Packung und das Phasenverhalten von Lipiden in Membranen zu charakterisieren. Kristalline Domänen wurden in synthetischen Membranen mithilfe von Weit‐ und Kleinwinkel‐Röntgenstreuung sowie durch Röntgenbeugung unter streifendem Einfall untersucht. In diesem Kurzaufsatz fassen wir jüngste Ergebnisse zusammen, die mit den verschiedenen Röntgenmethoden erhalten wurden, und diskutieren die Beziehung zwischen kristallinen Domänen und flüssig‐geordneten Domänen, die mit komplementären Methoden untersucht wurden, sowie die Bedeutung von kristallinen Domänen für funktionelle Lipiddomänen in biologischen Membranen.
Paralleler In‐vivo‐Einbau von mehreren nichtkanonischen Aminosäuren in Proteine
Authors: Hoesl Michael G. , Budisa Nediljko 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie Erweiterung des genetischen Standardcodes ermöglicht das Design von rekombinanten Proteinen mit neuen und ungewöhnlichen Eigenschaften. Üblicherweise enthalten solche Proteine nur eine Art nichtkanonischer Aminosäure in ihrer Sequenz, kürzlich konnte jedoch zum ersten Mal gezeigt werden, dass es mit suppressionsbasierten Methoden möglich ist, zwei chemisch unterschiedliche nichtkanonische Aminosäuren in ein und dasselbe Protein einzubauen, indem man die Suppression verschiedener Stoppcodons und Nicht‐Triplett‐Codons (z. B. Quadrupletts) miteinander kombiniert. Die Fähigkeit, den genetischen Code gleichzeitig mit mehreren nichtkanonischen Aminosäuren zu erweitern, wird die Möglichkeiten zur Herstellung multifunktionalisierter Proteine stark erweitern.
Crystalline Lipid Domains: Characterization by X‐Ray Diffraction and their Relation to Biology
Authors: Ziblat Roy , Leiserowitz Leslie , Addadi Lia 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBiological membranes comprise thousands of different lipids, differing in their alkyl chains, headgroups, and degree of saturation. It is estimated that 5 % of the genes in the human genome are responsible for regulating the lipid composition of cell membranes. Conceivably, the functional explanation for this diversity is found, at least in part, in the propensity of lipids to segregate into distinct domains, which are important for cell function. X‐ray diffraction has been used increasingly to characterize the packing and phase behavior of lipids in membranes. Crystalline domains have been studied in synthetic membranes using wide‐ and small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction. Herein we summarize recent results obtained using the various X‐ray methods, discuss the correlation between crystalline domains and liquid ordered domains studied with other techniques, and the relevance of crystalline domains to functional lipid domains in biological membranes.
Effect of the atmospheric plasma treatment parameters on jute fabric: The effect on mechanical properties of jute fabric/polyester composites
Authors: Demir Asli , Seki Yoldas , Bozaci Ebru , Sarikanat Mehmet , Erden Seckin , Sever Kutlay , Ozdogan Esen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe effect of atmospheric air plasma treatment of jute fabrics on the mechanical properties of jute fabric reinforced polyester composites was investigated. The jute fabrics were subjected to different plasma powers (60, 90, and 120 W) for the exposure times of 1, 3, and 6 min. The effects of plasma powers and exposure times on interlaminar shear strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength of polyester based composites were evaluated. The greatest ILSS increase was about 171% at plasma power of 120 W and exposure time of 6 min. It is inferred that atmospheric air plasma treatment improves the interfacial adhesion between the jute fiber and polyester. This result was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy observations of the fractured surfaces of the composites. The greatest tensile strength and flexural strength values were determined at 120 W for 1 min and at 60 W for 3 min, respectively. Moreover, it can be said that atmospheric air plasma treatment of jute fibers at longer exposure times (6 min) made a detrimental effect on tensile and flexural properties of jute‐reinforced polyester composites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Addition of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide to improve the thermal stability of regenerated cellulose
Authors: Mahadeva Suresha K. , Kim Jaehwan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article reports the influence of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (BMITFSI) addition on the thermal and mechanical properties of regenerated cellulose. Scanning electron microscopy, Young's modulus values, thermogravimetric analysis, glass‐transition temperature values, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy were used to assess the effect of BMITFSI addition on the properties of regenerated cellulose. The addition of a room‐temperature ionic liquid, BMITFSI, during the dissolution of cellulose was found to enhance the thermal stability of regenerated cellulose. Compared to other reported plasticizers for regenerated cellulose, such as glycerol, glycols, water, mineral oil, and α‐monoglycerides, the low vapor pressure of BMITFSI led to a long performance with the least evaporation or leaching. In addition, the immiscible nature of BMITFSI in water and its stability against moisture made BMITFSI an effective plasticizer for regenerated cellulose over a broad range of surrounding humidities and temperature conditions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011