bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferential expression of IGF‐1Ec (MGF) transcript in cancerous tissues of human prostate: Evidence for a novel and autonomous growth factor activity of MGF E peptide in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Armakolas Athanasios , Philippou Anastassios , Panteleakou Zacharoula , Nezos Adrianos , Sourla Antigone , Petraki Constantina , Koutsilieris Michael 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDBy alternative splicing the IGF‐1 gene produces several different transcripts, including IGF‐1Ec (MGF). The latter has been mainly associated with muscle regeneration processes.METHODSWe used immunohistochemistry, RT‐PCR, and Western analysis to show the expression status of MGF in prostate tissue and human prostate cell lines (HPrEC, PC‐3, and LNCaP) and we studied the exogenous administration of the MGF peptide E on cellular proliferation using trypan blue and MTT assays, before and after the silencing of the IGF‐1 receptor and insulin receptor (siRNA methods). The MGF‐induced intracellular activation was examined by Western analysis of the active forms of ERK1/2 and Akt.RESULTSWe documented that MGF is overexpressed in human prostate cancer (PCa) tissues and in human PC‐3 and LNCaP cells. Notably, MGF expression was remarkably higher in PCa and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) than normal prostate tissues, while the normal prostate epithelial cells (HPrEC) did not express MGF. Exogenous administration of a synthetic MGF E peptide stimulated the PCa cell growth and activated ERK1/2 phosphorylation without affecting Akt phosphorylation. IGF‐1R or insulin receptor (IR) silencing did not affect the mitogenic activity and intracellular signaling of the MGF E peptide in these PCa cells.CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest the possible implication of MGF E peptide in cancer biology, implying a preferential MGF expression in PCa tissues and cells. This preferential IGF‐1 mRNA expression generates the MGF E peptide that possesses mitogenic activity through mechanisms independent of IGF‐1R, IR, and hybrid IGF‐1R/IR. Prostate 70: 1233–1242, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The burden of out‐of‐pocket and indirect costs of prostate cancer
Authors: Jayadevappa Ravishankar , Schwartz J. Sanford , Chhatre Sumedha , Gallo Joseph J. , Wein Alan J. , Malkowicz S. Bruce 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDOut‐of‐pocket and indirect (OPI) costs play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) outcomes research. We sought to analyze OPI costs of newly diagnosed PCa patients receiving either radical prostatectomy (RP) or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).METHODSProspective cohort design was used to recruit 512 newly diagnosed PCa patients from urology clinics of an urban academic hospital and a Veterans Administration medical center. Participants provided demographic information and completed self‐reported generic and prostate‐specific Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and indirect‐cost surveys at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months follow‐up. Linear mixed models were applied to study the association between OPI costs, treatment and HRQoL outcomes. Propensity scores adjusted for potential confounders and Bonferroni correction was used to account for multiple testing.RESULTSTotal mean OPI costs varied between RP group and EBRT group at 3‐month ($5576 vs. $2010), 6‐month ($1776 vs. $2133), 12‐month ($757 vs. $774), and at 24‐month follow‐up ($458 vs. $871). Linear mixed models indicated that RP was associated with lower medication costs (OR = 0.61, CI = 0.48–0.89) and total OPI costs (OR = 0.71, CI = 0.64–0.92). Total OPI costs were inversely related to most of the generic HRQoL items. Similarly, prostate‐specific HRQoL items of urinary function (OR = 0.72; adjusted‐CI = 0.58–0.84), bowel function (OR = 0.96; adjusted‐CI = 0.78–0.98), sexual function (OR = 0.85; adjusted‐CI = 0.72–0.92), urinary bother (OR = 0.79; adjusted‐CI = 0.67–0.83), and sexual bother (OR = 0.88; adjusted‐CI = 0.76–0.93) were inversely related to OPI costs.CONCLUSIONSOPI costs of PCa care are substantial and vary across time and treatment. Prostate 70: 1255–1264, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrathin magnesia films as support for molecules and metal clusters: Tuning reactivity by thickness and composition
Authors: Vaida Mihai E. , Bernhardt Thorsten M. , Barth Clemens , Esch Friedrich , Heiz Ueli , Landman Uzi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUltrathin metal oxide films have attracted considerable interest in recent years as versatile substrate for the design of nanocatalytic model systems. In particular, it has been proposed theoretically and confirmed experimentally that the electronic structure of adsorbates can be influenced by the layer thickness and the stoichiometry, i.e., the type and number of defects, of the oxide film. This has important consequences on the chemical reactivity of the oxide surface itself and of oxide supported metal clusters. It also opens new possibilities to influence and to control chemical reactions occurring at the surface of these systems. The present feature focuses on very recent experiments that illustrate the effects of a proper adjustment of layer thickness and composition of ultrathin MgO(100) films on chemical transformations. On the magnesia surface itself, the photodissociation dynamics of methyl iodide molecules is investigated via femtosecond‐laser pump–probe mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide at mass‐selected Au20 clusters deposited on magnesia is explored through temperature programmed reaction measurements. In the latter case, detailed first principles calculations are able to correlate the experimentally observed reactivity with structural dimensionality changes that are induced by the changing thickness and composition of the magnesia support. magnified image
Inverted optical phonons in II–VI semiconducting compounds
Authors: Vinogradov Evgeny , Mavrin Boris , Novikova Nadezhda , Yakovlev Vladimir 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAdditional optical phonons discovered in the majority of binary solid solution crystals of II–VI semiconductor compounds are discussed. Frequencies of these additional phonons are located inside the transverse–longitudinal splitting of the Γ point optical phonons, where the real part of the crystal permittivity is negative, and are split by the crystal field into transverse optical (TO) and longitudinal optical (LO) phonons, the frequencies of these additional LO phonons turning out to be lower than those of additional TO phonons.
Hybrid LEDs based on ZnO‐nanowire arrays
Authors: El‐Shaer Abdelhamid , Dev Apurba , Richters Jan‐Peter , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Waltermann Julia , Schade Wolfgang , Voss Tobias 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe report on room temperature electroluminescence from an inorganic/organic heterojunction light emitting diode based on ZnO nanowire arrays. The heterojunction is fabricated by depositing the p‐type polymer poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on n‐type ZnO nanowires grown by electrodeposition on transparent conducting glass (ITO) substrates. The nanowires are encapsulated in a thin polystyrene film deposited from high‐molecular‐weight solution. Electron injection occurs through the transparent ITO layer while hole injection is mediated by the PEDOT layer and gold contacts. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the device shows a diode‐like behavior. A broad emission spectrum covering most of the visible range and reaching to the near ultraviolet is observed at voltages between 6 and 8 V under ambient condition. The device operation is stable for more than 5 h.
Schottky barrier contacts formed on polar and nonpolar MgxZn1−xO films grown by remote plasma enhanced MOCVD
Authors: Nakamura A. , Hayashi T. , Hierro A. , Tabares G. , Ulloa J. M. , Muñoz E. , Temmyo J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe growth of MgxZn1−xO films of both polar and nonpolar orientation in was successfully carried out by remote‐plasma‐enhanced MOCVD (RPE‐MOCVD) technique. The polar face of as‐grown film had a vertically aligned columnar growth with respect to the sapphire (11–20) substrate. These columns had an average diameter of about 40 nm. In contrast, the nonpolar face of as‐grown film had a sword‐shape lying with an average width of 250 nm on the sapphire (10–12) substrate. Au/Schottky diodes (SDs) were fabricated on both polar face of c‐plane (0001) MgxZn1−xO and nonpolar face of a‐plane (11–20) MgxZn1−xO. A rectifying behavior had been achieved and a series resistance was increased with Mg contents in both polar and nonpolar diodes. A residual electron concentration was decreased with the Mg content from 3 × 1017 cm−3 at x = 0 to 1.2 × 1016 cm−3 at x = 0.18 in the case of nonpolar films.
A relationship between atomic correlation energy of neutral atoms and generalized entropy
Authors: Grassi A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn a previous article, hereafter named as Paper I, we have showed a relationship between atomic correlation energy of neutral atoms with 2 < Z < 29 and Tsallis entropy. In this article, we generalize this relation showing the link between the atomic correlation energy and a general form of entropy obtained from deformed algebra. The results evidence the role of both q and Δ parameters of the general entropy, in terms of contribution of the long‐range interactions in the correlation energy. The q and Δ values, obtained as best fit of the atomic correlation energies 2 < Z < 29, indicate that this general form of entropy reduces to the Tsallis one, reproducing well the trend of the correlation energy for low Z. Moreover, as a consequence of these values of the parameters, the state atomic wave function is more localized with respect to the wave function calculated in the limit of Shannon entropy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
A UV/VIS spectra investigation of pH‐sensitive dyes using time‐dependent density functional theory
Authors: Preat Julien , Jacquemin Denis , Perpète Eric A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe UV absorption spectra of neutral and charged hydroxy‐, amino‐, benzene‐, naphtene, and quinoline derivated dyes are investigated with the PCM‐TDDFT/6‐311+g(2d,p)//PCM‐PBE0/6‐311g(d,p) theoretical scheme using three popular hybrid functionals (O3LYP, PBE0, and BHandHLYP) and taking into account solvation effects (water, methanol, or ethanol). More precisely, we report herein the theoretical λmax corresponding to the first dipole‐allowed π → π*. The raw results show that BHandHLYP is the less accurate (MAE of 36 nm) functional, though, after the statistical treatment, this hybrid becomes the most reliable and accurate functional for the evaluation of the absorption wavelengths. Indeed, the agreement between theory and experiment is satisfactory: The error on the excitation energies is close to 13 nm. In addition, our methodology has been applied to evaluate the UV spectra of nitrocatechol derivatives in aqueous solution, and the keto‐enol tautomeric shift on the UV/VIS absoprtion spectrum of a β‐diketone derivative. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Color Doppler twinkling artifact in fetuses with echogenic intracardiac foci: echocardiographic observation and clinical significance
Authors: Zhao B. W. , Yang Y. , Pan M. , Li P. , Wang B. , Tang F. G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate echocardiographic characteristics and clinical relevance of color Doppler twinkling artifacts in fetuses with isolated echogenic intracardiac foci (EIF).MethodsThis study included 50 fetuses with EIF, at 18–38 weeks of gestation. Echocardiographic examination, which was performed using a 1.0–5.0‐MHz phased array probe, included gray‐scale, color and spectral Doppler imaging. Twinkling artifacts were assessed using fetal color Doppler echocardiography on isolated EIF situated in the left and/or right ventricles. The prevalence, appearance and clinical relevance of the color Doppler twinkling artifacts were analyzed.ResultsEight of 50 fetuses with EIF (16%) showed color Doppler twinkling artifacts, which appeared as a rapidly changing color complex seen persistently behind the EIF. The spectra obtained in all eight with color Doppler artifacts were composed of straight vertical bands occurring in mid to late systole and early diastole. After birth, none of 50 fetuses with EIF had structural heart diseases or showed clinical signs of cardiac failure.ConclusionsColor Doppler twinkling artifacts from isolated EIF occur in some fetuses and may be considered as an additional echocardiographic feature of EIF. Attention should be paid to the identification and interpretation of these artifacts so that they may be accurately distinguished from true color flow generated by atrioventricular valvular regurgitation jets. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA methylation alterations in multiple myeloma as a model for epigenetic changes in cancer
Authors: Sharma Amy , Heuck Christoph J. , Fazzari Melissa J. , Mehta Jayesh , Singhal Seema , Greally John M. , Verma Amit 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEpigenetics refers to heritable modifications of the genome that are not a result of changes in the DNA sequence and result in phenotypic changes. These changes can be stably transmitted through cell division and are potentially reversible. Epigenetic events are very important during normal development wherein a single progenitor cell proliferates and differentiates into various somatic cell types. This process occurs through modification of the genome without changing the genetic code. Because epigenetic control of gene expression is so important, aberrant epigenetic regulation can lead to disease and cancer. This article reviews epigenetic changes seen in cancer by examining epigenetic changes commonly found in multiple myeloma, a common hematologic malignancy of plasma cells. Epigenetic control of gene expression can be exerted by changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and expression of noncoding RNAs. Each of these regulatory mechanisms interacts with the others at different genomic locations and can be measured quantitatively within the cell, requiring that we consider these mechanisms not individually but as a biological system. DNA methylation was the earliest discovered epigenetic regulator and has been the focus of most investigations in cancer. We have thus focused on DNA methylation changes in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma, which promises to become an excellent model for systems biological studies of epigenomic dysregulation in human disease. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
Identification of subpopulations of North American elk (Cervus elaphusL.) using multiple lines of evidence: habitat use, dietary choice, and fecal stable isotopes
Authors: Walter W. David , Leslie David M. , Hellgren Eric C. , Engle David M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe used multiple lines of evidence to assess habitat selection, dietary choice, and nutritional outcomes for a population of North American elk (Cervus elaphus), confined to a relatively small and isolated landscape of public and private land in south‐central Great Plains, USA. The area of suitable elk habitat was a topographically diverse matrix of mature oak savannah, C4‐dominated grasslands, and C3‐dominated agricultural fields surrounded by unsuitable lowlands fragmented by anthropogenic activities. We hypothesized that such disparity in habitat availability and quality resulted in subpopulation differences in the overall elk population. We used 3 methods to evaluate this premise: radiotelemetry to determine home range and habitat use, microhistology of plant fragments in feces to determine dietary selection, and fecal nitrogen (N) and stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) to assess nutritional outcomes of habitat use and dietary choice. By comparing these 3 approaches, we wanted to determine if fecal indices alone could efficiently and accurately identify subpopulation structuring. Compositional analyses from radiotelemetry observations of 21 female elk identified 2 subpopulations that occupied relatively disjunct areas and showed differential preferences for forested and cultivated fields in summer but comparable preferences for cultivated fields in winter. A third unmarked subpopulation of elk was known to be largely confined to an adjacent wildlife refuge. Microhistological analyses of feces collected in all 3 areas highlighted distinct diets, outcomes of habitat occupation by the 3 subpopulations. Increased use of cultivated forages in winter was evident for 2 of the subpopulations, but the extent of use by elk was dependent on availability of cultivated forages in areas they occupied. The refuge subpopulation had no access to cultivated forage. Fecal N, fecal δ13C, and fecal δ15N supported the premise that the subpopulation with the greatest access to cultivated forages was on a higher nutritional plane than the other 2 subpopulations. Changes in fecal N, fecal δ13C, and fecal δ15N paralleled percentages of cultivated forages in the diets highlighting the utility of such fecal indices as supplemental to or surrogates for traditional methods of habitat use and dietary selection in free‐ranging ungulates.
Highly Efficient Stable Expression of Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase Gene in Primary Fibroblasts
Authors: Rezakhanlou Alireza Moeen , Habibi Darya , Lai Amy , Jalili Reza B , Ong Christopher J , Ghahary Aziz 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) is a potent immunomodulatory enzyme that has recently attracted significant attention for its potential application as an inducer of immunotolerance in transplantation. We have previously demonstrated that a collagen matrix populated with IDO-expressing fibroblasts can be applied successfully in suppressing islet allogeneic immune response. Meanwhile, a critical aspect of such immunological intervention relies largely on effective long-term expression of the IDO gene. Moreover, gene manipulation of primary cells is known to be challenging due to unsatisfactory expression of the exogenous gene. In this study, a lentiviral gene delivery system has been employed to transduce primary fibroblasts. We used polybrene to efficiently deliver the IDO gene into primary fibroblasts and showed a significant increase (about tenfold) in the rate of gene transfection. In addition, by the use of fluorescence-activated cell sorting, a 95% pure population of IDO-expressing fibroblasts was successfully obtained. The efficiency of the IDO expression and the activity of the enzyme have been confirmed by Western blotting, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and Kynurenine assay, respectively. The findings of this study revealed simple and effective strategies through which an efficient and stable expression of IDO can be achieved for primary cells which, in turn, significantly improves its potential as a tool for achieving immunotolerance in different types of transplantation.
Making ‘what works’ work: The use of knowledge in UK health and social care decision-making
Authors: Williams Iestyn , Glasby Jon 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Decision-makers in UK health and social care are routinely asked to draw on evidence of ‘what works’ when designing services and changing practice. However, this paper argues that too much focus to date has been placed on a narrow definition of what constitutes valid ‘evidence’ (and one that privileges particular approaches and voices over others) and a simplistic conception of the decision-making function. As a result, policy and practice have too often been dominated by medical and quantitative ways of knowing the world, with such research approaches assumed to be more valid than other forms of enquiry. In contrast, the paper calls for a more inclusive notion of ‘knowledge-based practice’, which draws on different types of research, the tacit knowledge of front-line practitioners and the lived experience of people using services. This, the paper argues, will lead to a more nuanced approach to ‘the evidence’ and – ultimately – to better and more integrated decisions. Against this background, the paper outlines a suggested research agenda for those seeking to develop decision-making within these areas.
Policy analysis and policy work in federal systems: Policy advice and its contribution to evidence-based policy-making in multi-level governance systems
Authors: Howlett Michael , Newman Joshua 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn most cases, policy scholars interested in the role of policy analysts in promoting and practicing evidence-based policy-making rely on very partial survey results, or on anecdotal case studies and interview research. Despite the existence of a large body of literature on policy analysis, large-scale empirical studies of the work of policy analysts are rare, and in the case of analysts working at the sub-national level, virtually non-existent. There has been very little research on this level of policy workers despite the significant powers they exercise in prominent federal systems such as the USA, Germany, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Brazil, Malaysia and Canada. This paper reports on the first comprehensive survey of the work of policy analysts at the provincial and territorial levels conducted in Canada in 2008–2009. It examines the background and training of provincial and territorial policy analysts, the types of techniques they employ in their jobs, and what they do in their work on a day-by-day basis. The resulting profile of sub-national policy analysts presented here reveals several substantial differences between analysts working for national governments and their sub-national counterparts, with important implications for policy training and practice, and for the ability of nations to improve their policy advice systems in order to better accomplish their long-term policy goals through the practice of evidence-based policy-making.
Relative glycaemic impact of customarily consumed portions of eighty-three foods measured by digestingin vitroand adjusting for food mass and apparent glucose disposal
Authors: Monro John A. , Wallace Alison , Mishra Suman , Eady Sarah , Willis Jinny A. , Scott Russell S. , Hedderley Duncan 
Published: March 2010

Practical values to guide food choices for control of postprandial glycaemia need to refer to entire foods in amounts customarily consumed. We tested anin vitromethod for determining the relative glycaemic impact (RGI) of customarily consumed portions of foods. Sugars released duringin vitropancreatic digestion of eighty-three foods were measured as glucose equivalents (GE) per gram of food, adjusted by the glycaemic indexes of the sugars to obtain glycaemic GE (GGE) per gram and multiplied by food portion weight to obtain the GGE contribution of the food portion, its RGI. The results were compared with clinical GGE values from subjects who consumed the same food amounts.In vitroandin vivoGGE values were significantly correlated, but the slope of the regression equation was significantly less than one, meaningin vitroGGE values overestimatedin vivoGGE values. Bland–Altman method comparison showed thein vitro–in vivodisparity to increase as mean GGE increased, suggesting the need to allow for different rates of homeostatic blood glucose disposal (GD) due to different GGE doses in the customarily consumed food portions. After GD correction, Bland–Altman method comparison showed that the bias in predictingin vivoGGE values fromin vitroGGE values was almost completely removed (y = 0·071x − 0·89;R20·01). We conclude thatin vitrofood values for use in managing the glycaemic impact of customarily consumed food quantities require correction for blood GD that is dependent on the GGE content of the food portions involved.