bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injuries in Croatia in the period 2004–2008
Authors: Bilos I Brkic , Kralj V , Hrabak-Zerjavic V , Coric T 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveThe objective of this paper was to show the analysis of mortality and morbidity from injuries by external causes (V01-Y98; ICD-10) in Croatia in the period 2004–2008, as a contribution to the knowledge of this public health problem.Materials and MethodsRoutine health morbidity and mortality statistics and WHO/HFA database were used and expressed as percentage shares, PYLLs as well as crude and standardised rates.ResultsOn Croatias mortality scale in period 2004–2008 injuries with an average share of 5.7% in total mortality ranked third (2006 and 2008) or fourth (2004 and 2005) behind cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms and respiratory diseases. General mortality (average rate: 65.3/100 000) for injuries did not change significantly between 2004 and 2008. Given the premature mortality indicator potential years of life lost (age: 1–75) injuries ranked third, following after neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases. Suicides, traffic accidents and falls are the leading external causes of death. The standardised injury mortality for all ages was 53.3/100 000 in Croatia in 2006 (last available comparative data from WHO/HFA-DB). It surpassed the EU average (40.4/100 000), but remained lower than the European region average (76/100 000). With an average share of 7.9% in the causes of hospital treatment, injuries ranked sixth. Falls accounted for one third of the causes of injury-related hospitalisations, most commonly in persons older than 65.ConclusionBecause they account for a large part of total mortality and morbidity, injuries represent a major public health problem in Croatia. A systematic implementation of preventive programmes is thus required.
Creation and early development of an injury observatory for Britain and Ireland (IOBI)
Authors: Stone D , Lyons R A , Turner S , Quigg Z , Barron S , Bellis M A , Brown P , Fischbacher C , Hughes K , Kirkwood G , Lumsden E , Pollock A , Shepherd J , Slater W , Towner E , Verne J 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesThe Injury Observatory for Britain and Ireland (IOBI) is an innovative collaboration between the Association of Public Health Observatories and several academic institutions in the four UK home countries and Ireland. Its purpose is to support injury prevention practitioners by making relevant information and tools available through one website.MethodsIOBI emerged from a series of informal meetings of interested professionals in 2004–2005. Being a virtual organisation, IOBI has neither a base nor core funding though many of the constituent organisations receive funding from central or devolved government agencies. The IOBI websitehttp://www.injuryobservatory.netwas established in 2007. It enables access to a range of material including injury data across regions and countries, guidance on interpretating injury data, systematic reviews of injury prevention and government strategies on injury prevention. In 2008 we launched an e-newsletter, Injury Prevention News, and added new resources to the website, including an analysis of injury mortality by country and region.ResultsKey recent achievements include: organisation of the second Injury Prevention Conference for the UK and Ireland in 2009 a comparative analysis of injury hospitalisations to complement mortality data advising on pilots to collect enhanced emergency department data in the UK performing a survey of readers views on Injury Prevention News.ConclusionsOur experience with IOBI demonstrates the need for a forum for injury prevention collaboration in the British Isles. Its success will ultimately be judged by the extent to which it stimulates an increase in injury prevention practice and research.
Review of association between awareness and wearing of helmet
Authors: Medhati Mostafa , Moghadami Mohsen , Hadizadeh E 
Published: March 2011

Today motorcycle has a significant role of transportation due to high speed and small size and high power mobility. Considering that helmet have significant effects in reducing damage and mortality of motorcycle riders. A lot of interventions are done based on just to education and awareness promotion about of benefit of using helmet for motorcycle riders.MethodsThis case control study is done on 500 motorcycle riders that have helmet during the interview (as the case) and 500 motorcycle riders that haven't helmet at that time (as control).FindingBetween degrees of awareness of them of benefit of using helmet and the people who had worn helmet during interview didn't find any significant association. The most group of education was less than high school (44%).There was not significant association between education and using helmet. 37.8% of people that hadn't worn helmet they had helmet that 87.4% this group had bought as voluntarily. The most important reasons regarding the lack of using helmet in control group is as follows: (1) heaviness and harassment (53.5%). The number of people in case group that had certification motorcycle riders was significantly more than the control group.ConclusionWe know one of the most important of activities for injury prevention base on public education and awareness has been done.
The 24-h distribution of falls and person-hours of physical activity in the home are strongly associated among community dwelling older persons
Authors: Wijlhuizen G Jan , Chorus A M J , Hopman-Rock M 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesMost research on falls among older persons focuses on health-related factors that affect the ability to maintain balance. The objective of the study is to determine the association between physical activity and occurrence of falls among community-dwelling older persons.MethodsThe distribution of falls and person-hours of physical activity in the home over 24 h was compared. The falls data (n=501) were extracted from a pooled dataset of three follow-up studies conducted between 1994 and 2005 (n=3587). The 1995 Dutch National Time-Budget Survey provided hour-by-hour information on activities performed by older individuals (n=459) in the home; this sample was representative for the Netherlands. The association between the 24-h distribution of falls and physical activity and the risk of falling (the ratio between the distribution of falls and physical activity) were determined. Participants were community dwelling older persons aged 65 years and older.ResultsMore physical activity was positively associated with more falls (Spearman correlation=0.89, p<0.000). The risk of falling at night (1:00 to 6:00) was almost eight times higher compared to 7:00 to 12:00.ConclusionsPhysical activity is strongly associated with the number of falls in the home, measured over 24 h. Older persons may be at increased risk of falling if they are encouraged to become more physically active, or if they often get out of bed at night. Thus in addition to health-related factors, also changes in level of physical activity should be taken into account when estimating a persons risk of falling.
The quality improvement in trauma care system; Khon Kaen Hospital;Thailand
Authors: Tippayanate N 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundKhon Kaen Hospital is the second level of trauma excellence centre in Thailand. The numbers of injury were increasing year by year, therefore the continuing quality improvements in trauma care were needed (ie, trauma alert team, MM-death case conference, root cause analysis and trauma quality round).ObjectivesTo know the injury epidemiology and to monitor the quality of trauma care.MethodsTo compare the injury and death rate related with mean Injury Severity Scale (ISS) before and after implementation. Injury Surveillance software was used with retrospective database of all injuries between 1 January 2008 and 30 June 2009, all analysed by descriptive statistics (ie, correlation, t test).ResultsThe number of injury was of 24 417 cases (male 16 267: female 8150). The trend of injury rate was increasing at 2.4% rate, with a mean age of deaths decreasing from 35.7 to 33.4 years old, bearing male injury rate increasing from 66.6% to 68.3%. It was found that the gender and age had an impact on the severity (p=0.000) and the severity had a significant impact on mortality and survival rate (p=0.000). The admission numbers showed 7860 cases (32%), the survival rate increased from 90.3% to 92.9%, with an increasing mean of ISS from 6.8 to 7.3, while the mortality decreased from 1.64% to 1.39% with stable mean ISS (27.4–27.6).ConclusionThese results could be used to confirm the quality of trauma care in hospital was improving and the quality improvement activities should be continued and disseminated.
Swimming and injury prevention for Aboriginal communities in Ontario
Authors: Fuselli P 
Published: March 2011

The injury death rate among Aboriginal infants/children is almost four times higher than the Canadian population – Aboriginal toddlers are 15 times more likely to drown than other children. Why? Because many communities are close to open water that are used for livelihood, transportation and recreation and have less access to swimming lessons/lifesaving training. The need to provide training in swimming and injury prevention has been identified as necessary by Aboriginal communities.Goals▶develop a culture of water safety▶engage/foster collaboration among families, communities and the injury prevention sector▶establish linkages between the Canadian Red Cross, Safe Kids Canada and Aboriginal communities.Canadian Red Cross and Safe Kids Canada consulted with Aboriginal communities to develop a shared responsibility approach and create effective messaging/teaching strategies that used the learn to swim/first aid programmes and drowning prevention resources. The learn to swim/first aid programmes target specific age group to address the causes of injury for each. Education programmes teach children how to swim and parents how to prevent drowning, injuries in their home and their community.Year One▶communities were identified▶learn to swim programme was developed in consultation with parents, extended families, elders and other community members and in an Aboriginal friendly learning environment▶over 100 children and parents were trained in swimming and injury prevention.Year Two▶two Aboriginal teens/adults were trained as water safety instructors in six reserves▶water safety information starts to become part of a new safety culture▶reserves have new knowledge and instructors provide annual lessons and support parents to make environments safer▶increased access to first aid training and trained people who assist others.
Injury alliance in Canada
Authors: Fuselli P , Baker P Kellsbert , Nesdale-Tucker R 
Published: March 2011

To achieve greater societal impact within a highly competitive charitable marketplace, the four major, national, injury prevention organisations have decided to collaborate toward the following purposes:Long-term goalTo save more lives and prevent more potentially life-altering injuries in Canada.Medium-term objectiveTo raise awareness and to facilitate attitudinal and behavioural shifts among the organisations respective target populations, in partnership with their natural allies, of best practices in preventing injuries, and injury-related deaths in Canada.Short-term outputThe development of recommendations, an implementation plan and supporting documentation for a game changer that will build their capacity as individual organisations to promote more effective and efficient strategies and programming.Seek better ways and means to identify, integrate and approve the collaborative delivery of:▶knowledge creation, synthesis and transfer▶stakeholder engagement▶fund development▶marketing.This presentation will share the outcomes of phase I of the study in terms of defining the ideal inputs and outputs, catalogue these inputs and outputs in relation to the sponsoring organisations, describe what is unique about those inputs and outputs among the sponsoring organisations and what is shared by two or more of them, project and outline the benefits that the collaborative delivery of the function could bring, advance recommendations for amending existing processes, or introduce new ones for more suitably identifying, overseeing, managing and assessing future shared initiatives within each function, describe one or more approaches for resourcing such collaborative processes on a go-forward basis, propose a strategic or 3-year outlook for the frameworks operation.
Three group of peoples perceptions of children bicycle injury risks, causes and prevention in the rural southern China: a focus group study
Authors: Ye Y , Li L , Lu Y , Gao Y , Griffiths S 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundRoad traffic injury has been a second leading cause of death in children unintentional injuries in China. Little is known about on bicycle injury in rural China. This study aims to investigate the perception of students, parents and teachers about children bicycle injury.MethodsQualitative, exploratory, descriptive study. Criterion sampling. Data collected between April 2009 and June 2009 through semi-structured focus groups, with a topic guide. 104 participants (47 male/57 female) from Liangying County (n=68), Fuyang County (n=36), which in rural village of Chaoshan region, China, with three groups including student (n=45), teacher (n=37) and parent (n=22).ResultsParticipants described poor road conditions, safety hazards and great impact of road traffic injuries on children while they seldom suggest measures to prevent children bicycle injury. Perception of hazards appeared to be related to different groups. Parents and teachers described poorer road conditions than students, which they attributed to the low developed economics status and deficient supervision of local government. Informants believed that fast cycling speed, non-observance of traffic rules among children, lacking awareness of road safety among all road users left children go on threatening by bicycle injury. Parents and students also valued the quality of bicycle most.ConclusionsThe road safety needs of children must be addressed at the adults level, while improving the enforcement of existing health and safety regulations. The roles that government supervision and improvements of road condition played in injury prevention should be considered.
Slipping as outcome: implications for epidemiologic research on fall-related injuries
Authors: Courtney T K , Verma S K , Huang Y H , Chang W R , Li K W , Filiaggi A J 
Published: March 2011

One major challenge to the study of occupational injuries in active work environments is the rarity of the outcome. Slipping, tripping and falling are responsible for a substantial injury burden in the global workplace. Slipping is an important precursor to falling and subsequent injury though not every slip results in a fall or injury. We applied epidemiologic methods to study individual and work environment factors related to self-reported slipping in US fast food restaurant workers.Ten limited service restaurants in the Northeastern USA were recruited to participate. Workers occupational slip and/or fall history within the past 4 weeks was collected along with age, gender, job tenure, work hours per week and work. Shoe type, condition and gross shoe contamination were visually assessed. Floor friction was measured. The logistic generalised estimating equations model was used to compute adjusted ORs.126 workers (60% female, mean age 30) participated. Multivariable regression showed that higher restaurant mean coefficient of friction (COF) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of self-reported slipping in the past 4 weeks (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.82). From the highest to the lowest COF restaurant, the odds of a positive slip history increased more than seven times. Younger age, male gender, lower weekly work hours and the presence of gross contamination on workers shoe sole were also positively associated with slipping.Using self-reported slipping as an upstream measure of outcome may make assessment of risk factors and interventions for fall-related injuries more feasible.
The location of child cyclist versus motor vehicle collisions in an urban environment
Authors: Rothman L , Howard A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundCycling is a popular activity for children. Cyclists are disproportionately represented in motor collisions, and these collisions are frequently severe. This analysis was conducted to determine the age-specific variation in location of cyclist versus motor vehicle collision in children ages 1–17 years, in Toronto, Canada in order to identify appropriate prevention strategies.MethodsAll police-reported cyclist-motor vehicle collisions involving children ages 1–17 between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2005 were included. Age-specific ORs were calculated to compare differences in collision locations. Geographic Information System software was used to identify major versus neighbourhood roads.ResultsThere were 1325 police-reported collisions involving child cyclists with the majority (57%) involving 13–17 year olds. Collision rates were consistently higher in teenagers compared to younger children. Children ages 9–12 had almost twice and children ages 13–17 almost four times greater odds of collision on major roads as compared with 5–8-year-old children. Children ages 9–12 had a three times and children ages 13–17 had a four times greater odds of collisions at intersections (vs midblock) compared with 5–8-year-old children.ConclusionsYounger children (ages 5–8) require more options for safe off-road cycling in their neighbourhoods as they generally are involved in collisions on smaller neighbourhood roads and in midblock locations. Older children (ages 9–17) require training in order to learn to safely negotiate intersections and vehicular traffic on larger roadways. It is essential to consider the age of children in order to plan successful strategies to encourage safe cycling.
The influence of crossing controls and crossing location on severity of injury among urban pedestrians
Authors: Rothman L , Howard A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundPedestrian injuries impose a significant burden on society, particularly in urban environments. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between severity of pedestrian injury and presence of crossing controls at intersections and midblock locations in a large urban centre.MethodsThe data were obtained from the City of Toronto's Traffic Data Centre and Safety Bureau. All police-reported motor vehicle collisions involving pedestrians between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2005 were included. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between injury severity and the location of the collision.ResultsThere were 98.6/100 000 motor vehicle versus pedestrian collisions. 11/100 000 of these collisions resulted in severe injury and 1.4/100 000 resulted in fatal injury. At intersections, absence of a crossing control conferred a 1.8 greater odds of severe injury and a four times greater odds of fatal injury compared to where controls were present. At midblock locations, crossing controls did not reduce the odds of a severe or fatal injury; there was a 1.5 times greater odds of either severe/fatal injury at midblock locations compared to intersections with crossing controls.DiscussionMore intersection crossing controls would decrease the severity of pedestrian injury by slowing down traffic. Midblock crossing controls do not appear to have the same effect. There were 86 fatalities which occurred at uncontrolled midblock locations and overall, midblock fatalities represented 44% of all fatal pedestrian collisions. Effective strategies to deal with pedestrian midblock collisions are essential, considering the large injury burden these collisions represent.
Allocation of Australia's research dollars: does injury research funding reflect injury burden?
Authors: Mitchell R , McClure R , Olivier J , Watson W 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionBurden of disease estimates have been used to inform prioritisation of research needs. In Australia, National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs), of which injury prevention is one, have been identified as priorities for prevention and research. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) is the principal source of medical research funding in Australia. This research aims to examine NHMRC funding for each NHPA to quantify the relationship between grants awarded and burden of disease measures.MethodA retrospective analysis of NHMRC funding from 2000 to 2008 to assess the strength of correlation between level of funding and the contribution of each NHPA to burden of disease measures (YLD, YLL, DALY) and health system expenditure was conducted. Also examined were observed versus expected research grants by grant type relative to the proportional contribution of each NHPA to DALYs.ResultsThere were 6099 new and continuing grants awarded, ranging from a total of $A94.6 to $A423.3 million during 2000–2008. Both YLL and DALYs were strongly correlated with NHMRC funding. Injury received a lesser number of scholarships, overseas training fellowships, career awards, research project and programme grants than what would be expected based on its proportional contribution to total NHPA DALYs.ConclusionInjury research and investigator training appears to be underfunded by the NHMRC in Australia based on burden of disease measures. Investigator training dollars should be allocated to ensure an optimum workforce distribution that is capable of undertaking research in areas deemed to be of national importance.
The development of a human factors classification framework for patient safety
Authors: Mitchell R , Williamson A , Molesworth B 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionNumerous taxonomies have been developed to attempt to identify the human factors contribution to adverse events in complex industries. In healthcare these taxonomies have often focused on outcomes, do not consider the temporal sequence of causal factors or assess framework reliability. The aims of this research are to develop a framework for human factors analysis of adverse medical events and to assess framework reliability in identifying the contribution of human factors and error to these events.MethodA multi-stage process was used to develop the framework. A systematic review of the literature identified existing human factors tools used in healthcare and other complex industries. A draft framework is in the process of review and refinement following classifications of adverse medical events in Australia to assess inter-rater reliability.ResultsThe framework allows for the classification of precursor events, that is, the causal chain which led directly to the event occurring, and contributing factors, that is, pre-existing conditions that led to the event occurring. The prime considerations in developing the tool have been good validity, a theoretical basis, comprehensive coverage of error types to allow understanding of cognitive failures, as well as evidence that the classification tool could be used reliably.ConclusionThe framework will provide opportunities to improve our understanding of adverse medical events by identifying the prime causal chain for these events, along with other contributing factors. The development of a reliable human factors classifi cation framework provides better direction for preventive efforts to reduce adverse medical events.