bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Particle Acceleration in Blazar Jets
Authors: Xiao Hubing , Yang Wenxin , Zhang Yutao , Zhang Shaohua , Fan Junhui , Fu Liping , Yang Jianghe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The particle acceleration of blazar jets is crucial to high-energy astrophysics, yet the acceleration mechanism division in blazar subclasses and the underlying nature of these mechanisms remain elusive. In this work, we utilized the synchrotron spectral information (synchrotron peak frequency,

log

ν

sy

, and corresponding curvature, b
sy) of 2705 blazars from the literature and studied the subject of particle acceleration in blazar jets by analyzing the correlation between

log

ν

sy

and 1/b
sy. Our results suggested that the entire sample follows an energy-dependent probability acceleration (EDPA). Specifically, the low inverse Compton peak sources (LCPs) follow the mechanism of fluctuations of fractional gain acceleration (FFGA), while the high inverse Compton peak sources (HCPs) follow an acceleration mechanism of EDPA. Our results indicated that the separation between LCPs and HCPs results from the electron peak Lorentz factor (γ
p), and the differentiation should originate from different acceleration mechanisms. Moreover, our study revealed a transition in the acceleration mechanism from FFGA to EDPA around

log

ν

sy

∼
15

through a detailed analysis of binned-

log

ν

sy

. The mechanism of FFGA dominates the particle acceleration in LCP jets because of stronger jets and the EDPA dominates the particle energy gain in the HCPs due to a more efficient acceleration process.
Design and Performance of a 30/40 GHz Diplexed Focal Plane for the BICEP Array
Authors: Shiu Corwin , Soliman Ahmed , O’Brient Roger , Steinbach Bryan , Bock James J. , Frez Clifford F. , Jones William C. , Megerian Krikor. G. , Moncelsi Lorenzo , Schillaci Alessandro , Turner Anthony D. , Weber Alexis C. , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Silvia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate a wideband diplexed focal plane suitable for observing low-frequency foregrounds that are important for cosmic microwave background polarimetry. The antenna elements are composed of slotted bowtie antennas with 60% bandwidth that can be partitioned into two bands. Each pixel is composed of two interleaved 12 × 12 pairs of linearly polarized antenna elements forming a phased array, designed to synthesize a symmetric beam with no need for focusing optics. The signal from each antenna element is captured in-phase and uniformly weighted by a microstrip summing tree. The antenna signal is diplexed into two bands through the use of two complementary, six-pole Butterworth filters. This filter architecture ensures a contiguous impedance match at all frequencies, and thereby achieves minimal reflection loss between both bands. Subsequently, out-of-band rejection is increased with a bandpass filter and the signal is then deposited on a transition-edge sensor bolometer island. We demonstrate the performance of this focal plane with two distinct bands, 30 and 40 GHz, each with a bandwidth of ∼20 and 15 GHz, respectively. The unequal bandwidths between the two bands are caused by an unintentional shift in diplexer frequency from its design values. The end-to-end optical efficiency of these detectors is relatively modest, at 20%–30%, with an efficiency loss due to an unknown impedance mismatch in the summing tree. Far-field beam maps show good optical characteristics, with edge pixels having no more than ∼5% ellipticity and ∼10%–15% peak-to-peak differences for A–B polarization pairs.
Spin Doctors: How to Diagnose a Hierarchical Merger Origin
Authors: Payne Ethan , Kremer Kyle , Zevin Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Gravitational-wave observations provide the unique opportunity of studying black hole formation channels and histories—but only if we can identify their origin. One such formation mechanism is the dynamical synthesis of black hole binaries in dense stellar systems. Given the expected isotropic distribution of component spins of binary black holes in gas-free dynamical environments, the presence of antialigned or in-plane spins with respect to the orbital angular momentum is considered a tell-tale sign of a merger’s dynamical origin. Even in the scenario where birth spins of black holes are low, hierarchical mergers attain large component spins due to the orbital angular momentum of the prior merger. However, measuring such spin configurations is difficult. Here, we quantify the efficacy of the spin parameters encoding aligned-spin (χ
eff) and in-plane spin (χ

p
) at classifying such hierarchical systems. Using Monte Carlo cluster simulations to generate a realistic distribution of hierarchical merger parameters from globular clusters, we can infer mergers’ χ
eff and χ

p
. The cluster populations are simulated using Advanced LIGO-Virgo sensitivity during the detector network’s third observing period and projections for design sensitivity. Using a “likelihood-ratio”-based statistic, we find that ∼2% of the recovered population by the current gravitational-wave detector network has a statistically significant χ

p
measurement, whereas no χ
eff measurement was capable of confidently determining a system to be antialigned with the orbital angular momentum at current detector sensitivities. These results indicate that measuring spin-precession through χ

p
is a more detectable signature of hierarchical mergers and dynamical formation than antialigned spins.
Roteiros de gameplay e ensino de história: experiências didáticas prática docente
Authors: Seabra George Leonardo , Santos Christiano Britto Monteiro dos , Silva Fillip Julia da 
Published: April 2024

Este artigo apresentará as possibilidades de diálogo entre as tecnologias digitais e as ações pedagógicas libertadoras/empoderadoras no Ensino de História. Defendemos que a intersecção entre docente - conhecimento acadêmico - e discente - comunidade - tem a capacidade de produzir e/ou abrir novos caminhos para o ensino de História na Educação Básica. Veremos neste texto como a elaboração de roteiro de gameplay/jogos eletrônicos abrem possibilidades didáticas para o diálogo entre o ensino de História e os jogos eletrônicos, e ao mesmo tempo, oferece outros caminhos para trabalhar com as representações históricas dos estudantes da Educação Básica.
Quand le capitalisme négocie ses peines
Authors: Angeletti Thomas 
Published: April 2024

De nombreux conflits judiciaires avec de grandes entreprises se trouvent actuellement réglés par un dispositif inédit : les transactions pénales. Elles impliquent pour ces entreprises de verser une amende à l’État afin de mettre fin aux poursuites, et d’éviter procès et condamnation. Comment est-il apparu possible et souhaitable de contourner ainsi l’ordre pénal pour solder les malversations d’entreprises parmi les plus importantes du capitalisme contemporain ? Afin de mettre en évidence les logiques qui ont présidé à l’émergence de ce dispositif aux États-Unis et à son déploiement croissant, cet article défend qu’il faut orienter le regard sur les dynamiques de l’espace judiciaire new-yorkais. À partir d’une enquête sur les procureurs et avocats spécialisés dans la délinquance en col blanc à New York, il montre comment l’institutionnalisation de la lutte contre la délinquance d’affaires, via le recours à ces transactions, a progressivement renforcé la défense des entreprises, et comment les law firms se sont saisies de ce nouveau dispositif judiciaire pour investir le droit pénal.
Corps privés, intérêts publics
Authors: Vargovčíková Jana , Vauchez Antoine 
Published: April 2024

Sous l’effet des politiques de la déontologie et de la probité publique qui ont émergé depuis les années 2010, le patrimoine, les intérêts et les ambitions privées des élites politico-administratives se sont trouvés pour partie mis en transparence. En suivant les pratiques, usages et savoirs qui se construisent autour des agences chargées de la surveillance de ce « corps privé » des dirigeants publics, avec en tête la Haute Autorité pour la transparence de la vie publique, on s’intéresse ici aux conditions dans lesquelles cette mise en transparence des sommets de l’État est devenue « acceptable », et même pour certains « souhaitable », à l’intérieur de groupes historiquement réticents aux formes de régulation externe et de publicité. L’accommodement des résistances à ce contrôle passe par des formes d’évitement du politique construites en contrepoint du registre du scandale ou de la dénonciation, et par la formation de ce qui s’apparente à une morale managériale de l’État accompagnant les nouvelles circulations public-privé et les inscrivant dans les affaires courantes du travail rapproché de l’État, des grandes entreprises et des cabinets de conseil.
Kippour, 1973 : la guerre qui transforma Israël et le Moyen-Orient
Authors: Schillo Frédérique 
Published: April 2024

La guerre du Kippour en octobre 1973 marque une transformation profonde et durable. Pour Israël, le mythe de son invincibilité s’effondre ; pour l’Égypte, l’honneur militaire retrouvé permettra le dialogue avec Tel-Aviv. Pour les Européens, dont la France, c’est le constat d’une marginalisation au profit des États-Unis.
Le texte littéraire via zoom : de la lecture à la création
Authors: Chikh Touami Yamena 
Published: April 2024

Notre contribution s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une réflexion sur l’enseignement-apprentissage du texte littéraire à distance. Celui-ci, envisagé dans sa double dimension créative et esthétique à la fois, diffère radicalement d’un texte argumentatif ou explicatif. Ce type, nécessite des stratégies et des compétences qui permettent à l’apprenant de s’évader dans un monde qui ne lui appartient pas, fait qui pourrait décourager l’apprenant et l’enseignant de crainte de sa banalisation. Oser didactiser le texte littéraire en ligne nous a poussée à nous interroger en posant les questions suivantes : Est-ce qu’on doit lire la littérature ou l’écrire ? Quels serait l’impact d’un atelier d’écriture littéraire en ligne sur la compétence lectorale et scripturale chez les étudiants inscrits en 2ème année de licence de français à l’université de Médéa ? Pour répondre à ces questionnements, nous avons adopté le protocole méthodologique et expérimental suivant : Une préenquête afin de dresser un état de lieu sur l’enseignement du texte littéraire et la mise en œuvre d’un atelier d’écriture littéraire via « zoom » au profit des étudiants. Une phase expérimentale composée de deux temps distincts : Phase de lecture et d’exploration d’acrostiche. Phase de production et de création littéraire. Les résultats obtenus démontrent bien la faisabilité et la crédibilité du E-learning. Cette expérimentation nous a permis d’enseigner le texte littéraire (acrostiche) et de développer plusieurs habiletés à distance chez les étudiants.
Fitness consequences of feeding-by-remating interactions in female Cerambyx welensii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae)
Authors: Torres-Vila Luis M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The longhorn beetle, Cerambyx welensii (Küster) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is considered a critical factor in oak decline in southwestern Iberia, but populations vary over space and time, depending on several ecological factors. Adults feed on ripe fruits and tree exudates, and evidence suggests that feeding could impact fitness in hot, dry summers, especially under climate change. In the present study, we assessed the impact of adult feeding (sugar-fed, water-fed, or unfed) and remating (monandrous versus polyandrous) on female reproductive output. Lifetime fecundity increased with female size in most feeding–remating combinations. Sugar-fed females achieved the highest longevity and fecundity, unfed females the lowest, and water-fed females had intermediate values. The daily fecundity pattern was strongly dependent on female feeding. Longevity and fecundity of once-mated and remated females were similar in both unfed and water-fed groups; however, in sugar-fed females, remating enhanced fecundity and shortened life span. Preoviposition, oviposition, and postoviposition periods were distinctly affected by both diet and remating. Results show that females require sugar to maximise reproductive output and that a water supply may partially mitigate the fitness decline of unfed females. We conclude that female feeding must be considered to explain C. welensii spatio-temporal occupancy–abundance patterns in oak woodlands.
Role of doxycycline in the treatment of dengue infection: An open-label, randomized, controlled, pilot trial
Authors: Kumar Banothu Vinod , Kamboj Kajal , Pannu Ashok Kumar , Yadav Ashok Kumar , Bhatia Mandip , Saroch Atul 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
To measure the effect of doxycycline on inflammatory marker [IL-6, TNF-α, ferritin and C reactive protein (CRP)] levels in patients with dengue infection.

Methods:
A single-centre, open-label, parallel-group randomized controlled trial was done in PGIMER Chandigarh from June 2021 to October 2022. Patients were randomized using a simple randomization process into two groups: the doxycycline treatment group (n=35) and the control group (n=34). Patients in the treatment group were given oral doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for five days along with standard treatment, whereas patients in the control group received only standard treatment. The objective was to measure the effect of doxycycline on inflammatory markers in dengue infection.

Results:
On comparative analysis at day 5, there was a statistically significant reduction in the median values of ferritin and CRP in cases compared to the control group (ferritin: P=0.006 and CRP: P=0.006). No significant reduction was noted in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α.

Conclusions:
Doxycycline treatment led to a reduction of inflammatory markers in dengue infection.
Characterization of Ocular Sonography Findings and their Relationship to Clinical Features from a South Indian Cohort of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Kishore KV , Patwardhan Ameya , Aravinda HR , Mustare Veerendrakumar , Ramakrishnan Subasree 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) typically manifests with headache, accompanied by papilledema and visual loss, and has a higher prevalence in females. In recent years, ocular sonography, particularly, measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), is being investigated for diagnosis of IIH.

Methods:
A total of 35 patients over the age of 18 years, fulfilling the modified Dandy's criteria for diagnosis of IIH were included. Patients underwent assessment with magnetic resonance imaging, lumbar puncture, and ocular sonography to measure ONSD and ocular arterial indices.

Results:
The mean ONSD values (in centimeters) in the right eye of patients with IIH was 0.57 ± 0.13, while it was 0.48 ± 0.03 in controls. In the left eye, the mean ONSD value (cm) was 0.59 ± 0.13 in patients with IIH and 0.48 ± 0.03 in controls. ONSD was significantly higher in cases compared to controls (P < 0.001, Welch test). Pulsatility index of the central retinal artery was significantly higher in cases compared to controls (P < 0.001, Welch test). Resistance index of the ophthalmic artery was statistically significant (P < 0.005, Welch test). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a cutoff value of 5.1 mm on the right side and 5 mm on the left side had a sensitivity and specificity of more than 80% for IIH diagnosis.

Conclusion:
Our study provides insights into the utility of optic nerve sheath measurements and arterial indices in the diagnosis of IIH in a South Indian cohort. Further research is needed to fully understand the longitudinal relationship of these parameters and treatment outcomes in IIH.
Burning Bright or Burning Out: A Cross-sectional Study on Burnout among Postgraduate Residents in an Eastern Indian Teaching Hospital
Authors: Priyam Pallavi , Mandal Uday Sankar , Sil Abheek 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Burnout is a concerning clinical syndrome comprising excessive stress, lack of satisfaction, and a feeling of being overworked. In India, postgraduate residents who shoulder the entire burden of patient care, are prone to suffer from burnout. Only a few Indian studies have been carried out to estimate the prevalence of burnout among postgraduate resident doctors. Our study, the first of its kind from eastern India, aims to address this lacuna.

Materials and Methods:
This was a single-institution cross-sectional observational study carried out using an online semi-structured form comprising demographic data and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Appropriate statistical tests were carried out to analyze the data obtained.

Results:
The study received a response rate of 79.2%. Of the participants, 44.1% were females, 54.9% were males, and 1% identified as other gender. The mean age (standard deviation) of the participants was 28.02 (3.67) years. Overall, 75% of the participants experienced burnout. Younger participants, females, clinical residents, those in a relationship, and 2nd year of residency reported higher emotional exhaustion. Depersonalization was associated with lower age, being in a relationship, metropolitan upbringing, and 2nd year of residency. The lower personal accomplishment was seen in those coming from metropolitan and rural backgrounds.

Conclusion:
Burnout has serious implications on psychological and physical health of the residents. Interventions for effective management will greatly improve the overall mental health and work performance of the junior doctors.
Assessment of Asthma Knowledge of Parents of Children with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Verma Shalini , Awasthi Shally , Gupta Sarika 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Understanding bronchial asthma plays a crucial role in the management and control of this chronic disease. While good asthma knowledge of the parents helps in better control of the disease in their children, it remains variable among the parents.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the outpatient asthma clinic of a tertiary center. New Castle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (NAKQ) were filled out by the caregivers of children (between 7 and 15 years, diagnosed as per global initiative for asthma guidelines) with bronchial asthma, after obtaining the proper consent. The validated Hindi version of the NAKQ questionnaire had a total of 31 questions regarding knowledge, acute asthma attacks, maintenance management, and misconceptions.

Results:
Eighty-five parents responded to the NAKQ questionnaire during this 1-year duration. 58 (68.24%) were fathers, and 27 (31.76%) were mothers, filling out the questionnaires. The knowledge score of the respondents enrolled in the study ranged from 10 to 18, the median knowledge score was 14, and the mean knowledge score of respondents was 14.02 ± 1.93.

Conclusion:
The mean knowledge score of the parents of bronchial asthma patients was found to be low in our setting as compared to other studies where a similar questionnaire was used.
Pulmonary Fissures Including Accessory and Azygos Fissures and their Clinical Significance
Authors: Agrawal Nitin , Bhardwaj Harshita , Chhabra Neeta , Chaudhary Neha 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
The lungs are divided into lobes by oblique and horizontal fissures. Knowledge of extent of completeness of fissures is important for surgical planning. This study highlights the variation in Pulmonary fissures including accessory and azygos fissure and their clinical relevance.

Materials and Methods:
The sample consists of fifty (50) lung specimens (25 right and 25 left), collected from formalin fixed cadavers, which were dissected during undergraduate teaching. The lungs were observed for complete, incomplete, and absent fissures. Additional fissures including accessory and azygos fissures were also observed and findings compared with previous studies.

Results:
Accessory fissure was found in 35% right and 40% left lungs. Horizontal fissure was found to be absent in 30% right lungs. Oblique fissure was found absent in 5% right and left lungs. Four right lungs had azygous fissure. Inferior accessory fissures were found in 15% right lungs. 20% left lungs had both inferior accessory and left minor fissures.

Conclusion:
It is important to assess the incompleteness or absence of fissures, when planning any surgical procedure. Lung fissure variations are frequently encountered during surgical procedures and knowledge of pattern of these fissures is important to avoid and reduce associated mortality and morbidity.
Hypertension and Lifestyle Determinants in Public Transport Drivers: A Sector-specific Study in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Devarasu Usha , Jayaraj Naveen Prabhu , Sugunadevi G. , Kokila K. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide, prompting this investigation into hypertension – a key risk factor – among a vulnerable group, bus drivers, who may be affected by job-related stress and health behaviors.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional analysis evaluated 800 male TNSTC bus drivers from Coimbatore using a multistage sampling method. Interviews, physical measurements, and blood pressure assessments provided the data, which were subjected to comprehensive statistical analysis.

Results:
A concerning 49.9% of drivers were hypertensive, and 27.75% did not have their condition under control. Increased risk was linked with advancing age (those above 51 were 3.28 times more at risk than those under 30), lower educational attainment, familial hypertension history, and lifestyle choices, including sedentary habits, excessive salt consumption, and substance use. A striking correlation was observed between obesity and hypertension (odds ratio: 1.36; 95% confidence interval: 1.09–1.69).

Conclusion:
This research highlights an alarming rate of hypertension within the bus driver cohort, influenced by both modifiable and non modifiable risk factors. It underscores the urgent need for targeted health programs, proactive screenings, and educational initiatives. Expanding the study to other centers will provide a broader context for these findings.