bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geriatric health care in rural India: HR issues and public policy constraints
Authors: Jha Srirang Kumar , Jha Shweta , Mohapatra Amiya Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the need for holistic geriatric health care in rural India. Many older people in Indian villages suffer from chronic ailments without any relief or intervention because of inaccessible and unaffordable health-care services. This paper explores how holistic health care can be assured for older people in Indian villages.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on reflections of the authors who have had experiences as caregivers to older persons within their respective families rooted in the Indian villages. Besides, they interacted with 30 older persons (18 males and 12 females in the age group of 60–80 years) living in the villages in three states of India, namely, Haryana, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh to develop a comprehensive viewpoint on the need of geriatric health care in rural India. Relevant reports, newspaper articles and research papers were also reviewed while developing viewpoints on such an important topic.

Findings
Geriatric health-care facilities in rural India are abysmal. The older people in the villages cannot leverage health-care facilities that are generally inaccessible, inadequate and unaffordable. Even the government support for medical treatment is minuscule. Furthermore, there is lack of trained health-care professionals at all levels, namely, doctors, nurses and paramedic personnel. Training opportunities in geriatrics are also negligible. The scenario vis-à-vis geriatric health care in rural India can be upturned by increasing public spending on health-care infrastructure, increasing numbers of health-care professionals and expanding training programmes in geriatrics.

Originality/value
This paper is based on the critical reflections of the authors as well as their informal interactions with some of the older people in the Indian villages.
COVER IMAGE
Authors: Liu Jichun , Wu Fei , Li Zhenhan , Zheng Shengwei , Huang Yanqiang , Chen Hao 
Published: May 2024

The cover image is based on the Original Article Salvianic acid A sodium facilitates CMECs proliferation via enhancing HIF‐1α/VEGF signaling pathway post myocardial infarction by Jichun Liu et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.13855.
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Interest group resources, access, and influence: An empirical review
Authors: Whittlestone Jonas A. H. , Klitgaard Michael B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDo informational and financial resources systematically secure interest group access and influence on public policy, and is one of these two resources politically more valuable than the other? Answering these questions is vital to understanding some of the drivers of political inequality and skewed influence associated with contemporary democratic politics. Focusing on two of the most commonly mobilized types of resources—money and information—this article reviews 60 studies on the topic. First, a qualitative synthesis shows that informational resources tend to be at least partially positively related to access and influence, while financial resources are more ambiguously associated with both outcomes. Second, a series of meta‐regressions support this conclusion since they tend toward showing that informational resources are significantly stronger associated with these outcomes than financial resources. Thus, these results paint a more nuanced picture than the literature suggesting that moneyed interests subvert democratic politics.
Gender gaps in the adoption of climate‐smart agricultural practices: Evidence from sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Hailemariam Abebe , Kalsi Jaslin , Mavisakalyan Astghik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper we examine whether there are significant gender differences in the adoption of climate‐smart agricultural (CSA) practices in sub‐Saharan Africa. Using individual‐level data from four sites in Kenya, Uganda and Senegal, our empirical analysis provides robust evidence that men have a higher likelihood of adopting high‐return CSA practices including modern chemical fertiliser, improved high‐yielding varieties and drought/pest tolerant livestock practices. In contrast, women tend to have a higher likelihood of adopting low‐risk and low‐return traditional CSA practices such as water harvesting, crop covering, rangeland management and pest management. Our subsample analysis shows significant heterogeneity in the gender gap across countries. The results of the decomposition of the observed gender gap show that personal values and norms, access to weather and production information and farm characteristics are important factors that explain the gender differential in the likelihood of CSA adoption. Our findings imply that equalising access to key resources such as plots of land, information and decision making power will be crucial to close the gender gap in the adoption of CSA practices. This is particularly important given the differential impacts of climate change between men and women in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Taiwan inside‐out: Rescaling colonial constructions of Taiwan through a Tayal‐focused lens
Authors: Chen Yayut Yi‐shiuan , Howitt Richard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research deals with issues of Indigeneity and autonomy in Taiwan by notionally turning things inside‐out. We aim to contextualise international geopolitics and local polity by considering the Tayal people, one of 16 nationally recognised Indigenous groups living in northern Taiwan. We reject the conventional geopolitical lens of Great Power claims as the only and best way to understand contemporary Taiwan and chooses to refocus and rescale the geopolitical lens. We seek to reconsider Taiwan’s history, geography, and territory by reference to the conceptual lenses that apply to Tayal peoples’ experiences. The research methods employed include geographical fieldwork, literature reviews, and archival studies. The research acknowledges Tayal people’s custodianship over their territory and provides an in‐depth discussion on the colonial history and geography of Taiwan. In the process, we unsettle what is taken‐for‐granted and rescale erasure, violence, and resistance in Indigenous Taiwan. In building a Tayal‐centred positionality, we reframe geopolitical dynamics as connections within territories and across boundaries rather than as disputes over deeply contested boundaries. Neither Tayal people nor other Indigenous peoples in Taiwan ever ceded their sovereignty. Regardless of any broader geopolitics shifts, Tayal territory remains just the way it always has—Tayal territory.
Ethanol‐induced lung and cardiac right ventricular inflammation and remodeling underlie progression to pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Donovan Mary Katherine , Abdel‐Rahman Abdel A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCurrent research on ethanol‐induced cardiovascular anomalies has focused on left ventricular (LV) function and blood pressure. To extend this area of research, we sought to determine whether ethanol‐induced alterations in the structure and function of the right cardiac ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery (PA) lead to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).MethodsTwo groups of male Sprague–Dawley rats received a balanced liquid diet containing 5% ethanol (w/v) or a pair‐fed isocaloric liquid diet for 8 weeks. Weekly echocardiography was conducted to evaluate cardiopulmonary function, and lung and RV tissues were collected for ex vivo histological and molecular studies.ResultsThe ethanol‐treated rats exhibited: (1) Elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure and decreased pulmonary artery acceleration time/ejection time; (2) Pulmonary vascular remodeling comprising intrapulmonary artery medial layer thickening; and (3) RV hypertrophy along with increased RV/LV + septum, RV diameter, RV cardiomyocyte cross‐sectional area, and LV mass/body weight ratio. These responses were associated with increased lung and RV pro‐inflammatory markers, endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), TNF‐α, and IL‐6 levels and higher ET‐1, ET‐1 type A/B receptor ratio, and downregulation of the cytoprotective protein, bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2), in the lungs.ConclusionThese findings show that moderate ethanol‐induced cardiopulmonary changes underlie progression to PAH via an upregulated proinflammatory ET1‐TNFα‐IL6 pathway and suppression of the anti‐inflammatory BMPR2.
How to hit the allergy target: A critical appraisal of intralymphatic immunotherapy with practical recommendations on ultrasound‐guided injections
Authors: Flory Stephan , Hviid‐Vyff Bjarke , Šošić Lara , Schmid Johannes M. , Ahlbeck Lars , Widmer Emma C. J. , Lang Claudia C. V. , Ikenberg Kristian , Kündig Thomas M. , Hoffmann Hans Jürgen , Johansen Pål 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) represents a promising novel approach treating allergic diseases. However, no standardized procedures or recommendations have been established or reported, despite the recognized fact that treatment efficacy relies on the ability to inject the allergen intranodally.ObjectiveWe aim to provide a critical appraisal of ILIT as a method of allergen immunotherapy and to deliver practical recommendations for accurate ILIT.MethodsOne hundred and seventy‐three ILIT injections were performed in 28 (47%) women and 32 (53%) men with median age of 29 years (21–59). The injections were ultrasound‐guided and recorded for retrospective analysis with respect to injection location, needle visibility, medication release, and patient characteristics.ResultsThe results show that the correct positioning of the needle within the lymph node (LN) was most critical. If the whole length of the needle bevel was not inserted into the LN, substance backflush into the interstitium was observed. Selecting a more superficial LN and inserting the needle at a smaller angle towards the LN significantly improved needle visibility in the ultrasound. Longitudinal results showed that continuous practice significantly correlated with improved needle visibility and more accurate ILIT injections.ConclusionBased on our results and practical experience, we propose several recommendations for LN selection and the correct handling of ultrasound probe and needle. We are confident that ILIT standardization and training will be important as to meet the goals of good safety and efficacy of ILIT.
Family screening for neurodevelopmental problems and its associations with child cognitive function enable tailored treatment for childhood obesity
Authors: Dellenmark‐Blom Maria , Järvholm Kajsa , Sjögren Lovisa , Levinsson Anna , Dahlgren Jovanna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo identify neurodevelopmental disorders in children with obesity, and investigate associations to cognitive functions as well as parents' self‐reported neurodevelopmental problems.MethodsEighty children were included at two outpatient obesity clinics in Sweden 2018–2019. Of these, 50 children without previously diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders were screened, and so were their parents. Children who screened positive for neurodevelopmental problems were referred to a specialised psychiatry unit for further diagnosis. Test results of cognitive functioning were compared with the norm and between study groups by neurodevelopmental diagnoses.ResultsOf the screened families, 17/50 children were diagnosed by the psychiatric unit with attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 15/82 parents screened positive for neurodevelopmental problems. Having a mother who screened positive for neurodevelopmental problems was associated with child ADHD (p < 0.05). The children's full‐scale intelligence quotient (92.86 ± 12.01, p < 0.001) and working memory index (90.62 ± 12.17, p < 0.001) were lower than the norm. Working memory index was lower in children with ADHD compared to without ADHD: 84.76 ± 9.58 versus 94.09 ± 12.29 (p ≤ 0.01). Executive constraints were associated with verbal deviances.ConclusionIncreased awareness is needed about the overlap between neurodevelopmental problems and obesity in obesity clinics.
Editorial: Exploring the influence of diet on later‐onset ulcerative colitis—Are eggs and spicy foods the key factors in Asia? Authors' reply
Authors: Song Shuyao , Lv Jun , Li Liming , Pang Yuanjie 
Published: May 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Song et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17963 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17983
Should the Canadian Public Service Worry about the Polarization in the Perceptions of Social Problems?
Authors: Djontu Bruno Legrand , Charbonneau Étienne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes the polarization of perceptions of social problems in Canada to assess if social issues polarization was an element of the environment (Hodgetts, 1964). We analyzed data from the Canadian Election Study collected between 1993 and 2021. We compare urban university‐educated and rural non‐university‐educated Canadians' opinions regarding their perceptions of certain social problems in Canada. Our results show that there are some disagreements between the two groups. However, the data and methods used do not allow us to confirm a trend towards polarization. Polarization over social problems is not yet shaping Canadian public administrations.
An unusual presentation of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: A case of fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with pleomorphic angiectatic tumor‐like changes
Authors: Yoshida Ken‐ichi , Fujii Junko , Honma Keiichiro , Nakai Sho 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a locally aggressive superficial mesenchymal neoplasm characterized by monomorphic spindle‐cell proliferation with a storiform pattern. It can demonstrate pigmentation, myxoid changes, myoid differentiation, plaque‐like growth, and fibrosarcomatous features; its varied presentation often complicates diagnosis. We report an extremely rare case of fibrosarcomatous DFSP with features reminiscent of a pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT) in a 73‐year‐old male. The diagnosis was confirmed using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To the best of our knowledge, PHAT‐like changes in DFPS have not been described so far. Therefore, this report provides a novel variant of DFSP and expands the differential diagnosis of DFSP and PHAT.
Social inequality in skills: Exploring the moderating role of extracurricular activities related to socio‐economic differences in non‐cognitive and cognitive outcomes
Authors: Palou Arnau , Ursin Piia Af , Demanet Jannick 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEngaging in extracurricular activities is known to affect both cognitive and non‐cognitive outcomes, but there is social inequality in access to these activities. In this study, we examine the role of extracurricular activities in moderating the relationships between secondary school students' social background and their cognitive and non‐cognitive outcomes. Secondly, we examine variations in these relationships among three European cities that represent different educational systems in managing student heterogeneity. Based on the study findings, the effects of extracurricular activities on academic outcomes varied with regard to measured skills and the city of study. Extracurricular activities were related to enhanced interpersonal skills in all cities studied. However, in Turku and Ghent, extracurricular activities buffered the socio‐economic gradient in interpersonal skills, whereas in Barcelona, such activities increased it. Rather surprisingly, in all cities, engaging in extracurricular activities magnified the effect of socio‐economic status on cognitive skills.
Cooperative interactions between invader and resident microbial community members weaken the negative diversity‐invasion relationship
Authors: Vandermaesen Johanna , Daly Aisling J. , Mawarda Panji Cahya , Baetens Jan M. , De Baets Bernard , Boon Nico , Springael Dirk 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe negative diversity‐invasion relationship observed in microbial invasion studies is commonly explained by competition between the invader and resident populations. However, whether this relationship is affected by invader‐resident cooperative interactions is unknown. Using ecological and mathematical approaches, we examined the survival and functionality of Aminobacter niigataensis MSH1 to mineralize 2,6‐dichlorobenzamide (BAM), a groundwater micropollutant affecting drinking water production, in sand microcosms when inoculated together with synthetic assemblies of resident bacteria. The assemblies varied in richness and in strains that interacted pairwise with MSH1, including cooperative and competitive interactions. While overall, the negative diversity‐invasion relationship was retained, residents engaging in cooperative interactions with the invader had a positive impact on MSH1 survival and functionality, highlighting the dependency of invasion success on community composition. No correlation existed between community richness and the delay in BAM mineralization by MSH1. The findings suggest that the presence of cooperative residents can alleviate the negative diversity‐invasion relationship.
“An Open Wound in the Body…”
Authors: Smith David Brandon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEcumenical organizations have long agreed that human trafficking and modern slavery are consequences of human sin that, in the words of Pope Francis, have left “an open wound in the body of Christ and in all humanity.” While the ecumenical consensus against human trafficking and other forms of modern slavery remains strong, the discourse lacks clear definitions and, thus, focused engagement. To enrich ecumenical reflection on these phenomena, the prevailing discourse could be reframed through the contextualized, case‐based, and comparative lens of asymmetrical dependency theory. Consequently, this article surveys recent ecumenical pronouncements, clarifies relevant legal and definitional considerations, and asks whether it is time to take a “dependency turn” in ecumenical discourse on human trafficking and other forms of modern slavery.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals 2D cytokine assay can model atopic dermatitis more accurately than immune‐competent 3D setup
Authors: Al Benjamin , Traidl Stephan , Holzscheck Nicholas , Freimooser Sina , Mießner Hendrik , Reuter Hendrik , Dittrich‐Breiholz Oliver , Werfel Thomas , Seidel Judith A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractModelling atopic dermatitis (AD) in vitro is paramount to understand the disease pathophysiology and identify novel treatments. Previous studies have shown that the Th2 cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐13 induce AD‐like features in keratinocytes in vitro. However, it has not been systematically researched whether the addition of Th2 cells, their supernatants or a 3D structure is superior to model AD compared to simple 2D cell culture with cytokines. For the first time, we investigated what in vitro option most closely resembles the disease in vivo based on single‐cell RNA sequencing data (scRNA‐seq) obtained from skin biopsies in a clinical study and published datasets of healthy and AD donors. In vitro models were generated with primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes, subjected to cytokine treatment or Th2 cell cocultures in 2D/3D. Gene expression changes were assessed using qPCR and Multiplex Immunoassays. Of all cytokines tested, incubation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts with IL‐4 and IL‐13 induced the closest in vivo‐like AD phenotype which was observed in the scRNA‐seq data. Addition of Th2 cells to fibroblasts failed to model AD due to the downregulation of ECM‐associated genes such as POSTN. While keratinocytes cultured in 3D showed better stratification than in 2D, changes induced with AD triggers did not better resemble AD keratinocyte subtypes observed in vivo. Taken together, our comprehensive study shows that the simple model using IL‐4 or IL‐13 in 2D most accurately models AD in fibroblasts and keratinocytes in vitro, which may aid the discovery of novel treatment options.
CLDN1 knock out keratinocytes as a model to investigate multiple skin disorders
Authors: Arnold Kimberly A. , Moran Mary C. , Shi Huishan , van Vlijmen‐Willems Ivonne M. J. J. , Rodijk‐Olthuis Diana , Smits Jos P. H. , Brewer Matthew G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe transmembrane protein claudin‐1 is critical for formation of the epidermal barrier structure called tight junctions (TJ) and has been shown to be important in multiple disease states. These include neonatal ichthyosis and sclerosing cholangitis syndrome, atopic dermatitis and various viral infections. To develop a model to investigate the role of claudin‐1 in different disease settings, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate human immortalized keratinocyte (KC) lines lacking claudin‐1 (CLDN1 KO). We then determined whether loss of claudin‐1 expression affects epidermal barrier formation/function and KC differentiation/stratification. The absence of claudin‐1 resulted in significantly reduced barrier function in both monolayer and organotypic cultures. CLDN1 KO cells demonstrated decreases in gene transcripts encoding the barrier protein filaggrin and the differentiation marker cytokeratin‐10. Marked morphological differences were also observed in CLDN1 KO organotypic cultures including diminished stratification and reduced formation of the stratum granulosum. We also detected increased proliferative KC in the basale layer of CLDN1 KO organotypic cultures. These results further support the role of claudin‐1 in epidermal barrier and suggest an additional role of this protein in appropriate stratification of the epidermis.
Care trajectories around a first dementia diagnosis in patients with serious mental illness
Authors: Dufour Isabelle , Brodeur Sébastien , Courteau Josiane , Roy Marc‐André , Vanasse Alain , Quesnel‐Vallee Amélie , Vedel Isabelle 
Published: May 2024

AimTo develop a typology of care trajectories (CTs) 1 year before and after a first dementia diagnosis in individuals aged ≥65 years, with prevalent schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.MethodsThis was a longitudinal, retrospective cohort study using health administrative data (1996–2016) from Quebec (Canada). We selected patients aged ≥65 years with an incident diagnosis of dementia between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016, and a diagnosis of schizophrenia and/or or bipolar disorder. A CT typology was generated by a multidimensional state sequence analysis based on the “6 W” model of CTs. Three dimensions were considered: the care setting (“where”), the reason for consultation (“why”) and the specialty of care providers (“which”).ResultsIn total, 3868 patients were categorized into seven distinct types of CTs, with varying patterns of healthcare use and comorbidities. Healthcare use differed in terms of intensity, but also in its distribution around the diagnosis. For instance, whereas one group showed low healthcare use, healthcare use abruptly increased or decreased after the diagnosis in other groups, or was equally distributed. Other significant differences between CTs included mortality rates and use of long‐term care after the diagnosis. Most patients (67%) received their first dementia diagnosis during hospitalization.ConclusionsOur innovative approach provides a unique insight into the complex healthcare patterns of people living with serious mental illness and dementia, and provides an avenue to support data‐driven decision‐making by highlighting fragility areas in allocating care resources. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 577–586.