bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National guidelines for treatment of jaundice in the newborn
Authors: Bratlid D , Nakstad B , Hansen TWR 
Published: November 2010

AbstractJaundice is the most common reason for instituting treatment in otherwise healthy as well as sick newborn infants. Herein, we describe the process employed in Norway to forge agreement on a set of treatment guidelines that are now used across the country. The Norwegian Pediatric Association was a key resource in this process, which involved contacts with all paediatric departments in Norway.We have also performed an international survey regarding the use of such national guidelines, showing that the majority of those queried confirm having national guidelines.The evidence base for any neonatal jaundice guideline is weak; therefore, it is not surprising that the various guidelines differ both in format and in specifics. In the Norwegian guidelines, treatment indications are based on bilirubin concentrations and related to birth weight. Postnatal age is also factored in because jaundice develops gradually during the first 3–4 days before it levels off.Conclusion:  Following the introduction of these guidelines, fewer babies in Norway receive phototherapy, and no cases of chronic kernicterus have been reported during this period.
Prevalence and Correlated Factors of Sexually Transmitted Diseases—Chlamydia, Neisseria, Cytomegalovirus—In Female Rape Victims
Authors: Jo Sion , Shin Jonghwan , Song Kyoung Jun , Kim Jin Joo , Hwang Kyu Ri , Bhally Hasan 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) was not well known in female rape victims.

Aim
To assess the prevalence and correlated factors of STIs—especially Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhea (NG), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in female rape victims presenting to a dedicated regional referral center in South Korea after settle down of intergrated service center for sexual abuse in study hospital.

Main Outcome Measures
Positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result for CT, NG, and CMV.

Methods
A retrospective observational analysis was conducted from December 2008 to February 2010. All females, regardless of age and previous sexual history, who were victims of rape, and self presented or referred to the regional center for medical care and couselling were included. Relevant diagnostic tests for STIs—including PCR by cervical swab—were performed. Analysis for virgin (VIR) and nonvirgin (non-VIR) groups was done separately to compare certain clinical characteristics.

Results
A total of 316 females were included. Overall STI prevalence was 32.91%; CT in a majority (28.85%) followed by NG (6.27%), CMV(1.37%). In VIR group, prevalence of STI was 26.67%; 20.00% in CT, 4.55% in GN, 2.33% in CMV. A small and non-significant difference in STI was noted in VIR and non-VIR groups (26.67% vs. 34.26%, respectively). STI prevalence was higher in young women 20 to 24 years of age and girls 15 to 19 years of age compared with other age groups. Age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.909, confidence interval [CI]: 0.851–0.971) and pyuria (OR: 3.454, CI: 1.567–7.614) were determined as significant correlated factors after multivariate regression analysis.

Conclusions
Prevalence of CT and GN in female rape victims was introduced and it was higher than that in the general population. Even in the VIR group, it was high. CMV prevalence in the female genital tract was reported firstly.
Primary Lifelong Delayed Ejaculation: Characteristics and Response to Bupropion
Authors: Abdel-Hamid Ibrahim A. , Saleh El-Sayed 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In contrast to premature ejaculation and secondary delayed ejaculation (DE), primary lifelong DE has not been studied extensively. In addition, there is no approved drug treatment.

Aims
To explore the clinical and laboratory characteristics of a series of men complaining of lifelong DE and to report the response to bupropion.

Methods
Nineteen consecutive men with primary lifelong DE were prospectively enrolled in this study. Study group was compared with an age-matched group of 19 healthy men. Both groups underwent history taking, physical examination, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), anxiety, and depression scores, ejaculation latency time (IELT) using stop watch and measurement of serum prolactin (PRL) and serum total testosterone (T). Patients received open-label bupropion-SR 150 mg/day for 2 months.

Main Outcome Measures
Stopwatch-measured IELT values, global efficacy question, IIEF, anxiety, and depression scores.

Results
The mean age was 30.8 ± 5.5 year (range 25–42 years). Men with DE exhibited significantly higher masturbatory activity during marital period, lower night emissions, longer IELT, lower orgasmic, and intercourse satisfaction domains of IIEF, higher anxiety and depression scores compared with the controls (all P &lt;0.05). Both serum T and PRL levels did not differ significantly between patients and controls (all P &lt;0.05). Four DE patients (21%) showed history of infertility. The percentage of DE men rating control over ejaculation as “fair to good” increased from 0 to 21.1% after bupropion therapy. The fold decreases of the geometric mean IELT was 0.74 after treatment. The intercourse satisfaction and the orgasmic domains of IIEF and depression score were significantly improved from baseline in the bupropion group (all P &lt;0.05).

Conclusions
Lifelong DE is mainly associated with higher and idiosyncratic masturbatory activity, lower night emissions, infertility, longer IELT, lower orgasmic, and intercourse satisfaction domains of IIEF, higher anxiety and depression scores. Bupropion-SR in a daily dosage of 150 mg seemed to be of limited benefit in lifelong DE.
Velocity and Temperature Field Characteristics of Water and Air during Natural Convection Heating in Cans
Authors: Erdogdu Ferruh , Tutar Mustafa 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  Presence of headspace during canning is required since an adequate amount allows forming vacuum during the process. Sealing technology may not totally eliminate all entrapped gases, and headspace might affect heat transfer. Not much attention has been given to solve this problem in computational studies, and cans, for example, were mostly assumed to be fully filled with product. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine velocity and temperature evolution of water and air in cans during heating to evaluate the relevance of headspace in the transport mechanism. For this purpose, canned water samples with a certain headspace were used, and required governing continuity, energy, and momentum equations were solved using a finite volume approach coupled with a volume of fluid element model. Simulation results correlated well with experimental results validating faster heating effects of headspace rather than insulation effects as reported in the literature. The organized velocity motions along the air–water interface were also shown.Practical Application:  Canning is a universal and economic method for processing of food products, and presence of adequate headspace is required to form vacuum during sealing of the cans. Since sealing technology may not totally eliminate the entrapped gases, mainly air, headspace might affect heating rates in cans. This study demonstrated the increased heating rates in the presence of headspace in contrast with some studies in the literature. By applying the effect of headspace, required processing time for thermally processed foods can be reduced leading to more rapid processes and lower energy consumptions.
Acuerdos de seguridad económica en el contexto del envejecimiento de la población de la India
Authors: Bloom David E. , Mahal Ajay , Rosenberg Larry , Sevilla Jaypee 
Published: November 2010

ResumenEl rápido envejecimiento de la población de la India, así como el éxodo rural y la constante concentración de la población activa en el sector no estructurado han puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de mejorar los acuerdos de seguridad económica para la tercera edad. Los lazos familiares tradicionales, esenciales como garantía mínima de seguridad económica, comienzan debilitarse y la longevidad creciente incrementa los costos de mantenimiento de las personas mayores. Como consecuencia, los ancianos corren más riesgos de permanecer o de caer en la pobreza. Paralelamente a sus esfuerzos por resolver esta situación, el Gobierno nacional y algunos estados de la India han lanzado una serie de programas para ofrecer a la gran mayoría de los indios sin acceso a servicios médicos o a un seguro de salud algún tipo de acceso a los mismos. Los trabajadores del sector estructurado reciben más prestaciones de seguridad social que los del sector no estructurado pero son sólo una pequeña proporción de la población activa. Las mujeres son particularmente vulnerables a la inseguridad económica. La experiencia de la India ofrece lecciones para otros países. Si bien el sector de la seguridad social ofrece espacio para iniciativas privadas, no cabe duda de que la mayoría de los emprendimientos en este ámbito deberán financiarse con los impuestos. Los proveedores del sector privado pueden desempeñar un papel importante, incluso si la mayor parte de los fondos proceden de fuentes públicas. Sin embargo, a medida que aumente el número de solicitudes de prestaciones, la actividad de los proveedores del sector privado se topará con mayores escollos. La India también ha demostrado que los estados pueden ejecutar correctamente las tareas de implementación, usando fondos del Estado nacional y con la serie de ventajas y desventajas que aporta la descentralización. Por último, la experiencia de este país en materia de implementación puede servir de guía para la búsqueda de beneficiarios, el uso de las tecnologías de la información en los sistemas de seguridad social y la gestión de los recursos humanos.
La capacidad de las instituciones de seguridad social y de asistencia médica para adaptarse a un mundo que envejece
Authors: Harper Sarah 
Published: November 2010

ResumenEl envejecimiento de la población está teniendo lugar desde hace varios decenios en muchos países dentro de Europa, América del Norte y en otros lugares. Sin embargo, recientemente, se ha empezado a reconocer el ritmo, la envergadura y el alcance global de este envejecimiento, del que se están evaluando implicaciones más amplias. El envejecimiento de la población plantea un reto político fundamental a la seguridad social y los sistemas de asistencia médica de todo el mundo. Los diferentes gobiernos se plantearán este tipo de consideraciones, que irán acompañadas de perfiles demográficos cotejados, de regímenes de bienestar y estructuras institucionales, y de sistemas culturales. El futuro éxito de los esfuerzos de adaptación a esos cambios demográficos acometidos por las sociedades dependerá, en gran medida, de la capacidad que tengan la seguridad social y las instituciones de asistencia médica para adaptarse a un mundo que envejece.
Photothermal control of the reproductive cycle in temperate fishes
Authors: Wang Neil , Teletchea Fabrice , Kestemont Patrick , Milla Sylvain , Fontaine Pascal 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTemperate fish species are annual spawners and mainly rely on annually cycling cues (temperature and photoperiod) to synchronise the three main phases of their reproductive cycle, that is, induction (initiation of oogenesis), vitellogenesis and the final stages (including maturation, ovulation and oviposition). This review synthesises how these three phases are controlled by specific temperature and photoperiod variations. The direction of the changes (i.e. decrease or increase) is the most important factor, although the amplitude, rates and timing of variations should also be considered to improve/optimise the quality of reproduction in aquaculture. In addition, we tentatively classified temperate fish species sharing similar temperature and/or photoperiod variation requirements for reproduction into three general functional groups. The first group (salmonids) is induced by increasing photoperiod. Vitellogenesis and the final stages are synchronised by decreasing photoperiod. The second group (percids, moronids and gadids) is induced by decreasing both temperature and photoperiod. A chilling period allows vitellogenesis. Increasing temperatures synchronise the final stages. The third group (cyprinids) is induced by decreasing either photoperiod or temperature. Vitellogenesis is faster at warm temperatures. The final stages require an increase in either photoperiod or temperature. This classification may help future research on the control of reproduction in newly cultured fish species.
Clinical factors related to the efficacy and complications of orthopedic surgery for rheumatoid arthritis with infliximab
Authors: HAYATA Koichiro , KANBE Katsuaki , CHIBA Junji , NAKAMURA Atsushi , INOUE Yasuo , HOBO Kaori 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAims: To determine what clinical factors relating to efficacy besides complications of orthopedic surgery for patients treated with anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α therapy (infliximab), we analyzed the clinical data of 52 cases of orthopedic surgery, such as total hip arthroplasy (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), total shoulder arthroplasy (TSA), total elbow arthroplasty (TEA), arthroscopic synovectomy, foot arthroplasty, spine surgery, hand surgery and fracture.Methods: We analyzed clinical factors including age, disease duration, preoperative C‐reactive protein (CRP), disease activity score (DAS)‐28, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐3, and rheumatoid arthritis particle‐agglutination (RAPA) in 52 cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) undergoing orthopedic surgery. For complications of orthopedic surgery, signs of postoperative infection were recorded, including rubor, discharge, systemic infection and frequencies of wound dehiscence, as well as the incidence of any surgical complication requiring a secondary revision procedure were measured.Results: Signs of infection or surgical complications occurred in two of 52 patients (3.8%). There is significant correlation between RAPA and improvement of CRP 3 months after surgery; however, there is no correlation between infection and clinical factors including age, disease duration, preoperative CRP, MMP‐3, RAPA and the period until surgery after infliximab infusion.Conclusion: Infliximab did not increase the risk of either infections or surgical complications occurring in patients with RA within 1 year of orthopedic surgery. Improvement of CRP after surgery is likely to be due to infliximab for high RAPA in RA patients.
Prevalence of low body mass index among newly diagnosed lung cancer patients in North India and its association with smoking status
Authors: Singh Navneet , Aggarwal Ashutosh N. , Gupta Dheeraj , Behera Digambar 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThere is limited data from South Asia on the prevalence of low body mass index (BMI) among newly diagnosed lung cancer patients at presentation and its association with smoking status. A retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients is presented here. Patients were categorized as normal/overweight (BMI ≥ 18.50 kg/m2; group I), mild/moderately underweight (BMI = 16.00–18.49 kg/m2; group II) or severely underweight (BMI < 16.0 kg/m2; group III). Smoking status was assessed using the smoking index (SI; product of number of bidis/cigarettes smoked per day with number of years smoked). Based on the SI, patients were categorized as never‐smokers, light/moderate smokers [SI = 1–300] and heavy smokers [SI ≥ 301]. A low BMI was present in 155 (44.3%) patients. Compared to group I, patients in groups II and III had higher percentages of men and current/ex‐smokers. On univariate logistic regression analysis (LRA), SI = 1–300 [odds ratio (OR) = 2.75; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.27–5.97] and SI ≥ 301 [OR = 4.57; 95% CI = 2.20–9.49] were associated with higher odds of the presence of low BMI among non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients while female sex had lower odds [OR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.16–0.72]. On multivariate LRA, only SI ≥ 301 [OR = 3.74; 95% CI = 1.59–8.80] had a significant association with occurrence of low BMI. Low BMI is common among newly diagnosed lung cancer patients in North India. Heavy smoking is independently associated with presence of low BMI at presentation among NSCLC patients.
Direct pH Determinations of Setting Cements. I. A Test Method and the Effects of Storage Time and Media
Authors: Norman Richard D. , Swartz Marjorie L. , Phillips Ralph W. 
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA DETERMINATIONES DIRECTE DEL PH DE CEMENTOS IN PROCESSO DE PRISA.—In general, le massa interne del cementos esseva minus acide que le superficie externe. Le pH de omne le cementos montava in le curso del tempore. Inter le materiales investigate, cementos a phosphato de zinc e a argento e phosptiato de zinc habeva le plus rapide augmentos, Le plus acide del materiales investigate esseva le cementos a cupro rubie e a cupro nigre. Le pH del cementos a silicate jaceva inter illo del eementoa a cupro e illo del cementos a phosphato de silicium. Esseva trovate un relation directe inter le pH de silicatos e le proportion de liquido a pulvere: quanta plus sgisse le mixtura, tanto plus alte le pH.
Physicochemical Characteristics of Active and Arrested Carious Lesions of Dentin
Authors: Malone William F. , Bell Charles , Massler Maury 
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA CHARACTERISTICAS PHYSIO-CHIMIC DE ACTIVE E ARRESTATE LESIONES CAEIOSE.—Le duo plus obvie differentias clinic inter dentinas a cariositate arrestate e active es le augmentos del duritate superficial e del pigmentation in le lesiones arrestate. Analyses per medio de un specialmente disveloppate technica a absorption infrarubie monstrava un augmento del contento organic e un declino del contento inorganic in dentina cariose, sed le methodo provideva nulle information relative al natura del pigmento in le dentina a cariositate arrestate. Analyses spectral a flamma revelava in dentina a cariositate arrestate in comparation con dentina a cariositate active un augmento de Ca++ per un factor de 1,64. Le mesme methodo monstrava que le dentina a cariositate arrestate habeva minus Ca++- que dentina normal.
A Histochemical Study of Hamster Submandibular Lesions
Authors: Shapiro Burton L. , Wattenberg Lee W. , Gorlin Robert J. 
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA UN STUDIO HISTOCHIMIC DE LESIONES SUBMANDIBULAR IN LE HAMSTER.—Irritation chronic esseva inducite per le introduction de granos de Sudan IV e Carbowax. Regeneration esseva inducite per le excission de tissu glandular. Le enzymas examinate esseva dehydrogenase succinic, diaphorase de nucleotida diphosphopyridinic, e diaphorase de nucleotida triphosphopyridinic. Le regeneration glandular pareva haber su origine in le cellulas cuboide del striate ductos intralobular. Le activitate del tres mentionate enzymas esseva initialmente basse in le cellulas regenerate. Le valores pro dehydrogenase succinic remaneva basse. Le valores pro le duo diaphorases attingeva nivellos approximativemente normal un septimana post le intervention experimental.
Ossification of the Human Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Yuodelis Ralph A. 
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA OSSIFICATION DEL HUMAN ARTICULATION TEMPOROMANDIBULAR.—Le tissus molle de 23 specimens fetal de human articulationes temporomandibular, representante etates de inter 8 e 18 septimanas, esseva epurate con KOH, e le structuras ossee esseva tincturate con alizarina rubie S. Le positiones relative e le characteristicas de crescentia e de disveloppamento del skeletic componente temporomandibular esseva studiate in sito ante lor section pro studios additional. II esseva in le feto de 8 septimanas que ossification del componentes del articulation temporomandibular esseva initialmente apparente in le epurate e tincturate specimen. Le squamose componente temporal esseva levemente plus lente in su disveloppamento que le componente mandibular durante iste stadios precoce. Tamen, a 12 septimanas illo attingeva le intensitate mandibular de disveloppamento. Le componentes primordial del articulation esseva situate a un certe distantia le unes ab le alteres durante le precoce stadios de disveloppamento e arrivava in lor plus intime apposition durante le dece-secunde septimana. Le cartilaginose centro condylar initiava le rapide disveloppamento del condylo e contribueva al formation del altemente organisate centro de crescentia del mandibula. Un capsula ossee que inveloppava le plus grande parte de iste centro, excepte su aspectos dorsolateral e dorsosuperior, dirigeva le crescentia del processo condyloide in un direction superior, lateral, e dorsal.
Mineralization Patterns of Dentin of Human Teeth
Authors: Romans Mildred 
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA CONFIGURATIONES DE MINERALISATION IN LE DENTINA DE DENTES HUMAN.—Esseva investigate le incidentia, le location, e le morphologia del configurationes de mineralisation in dentina e lor relation al absentia o presentia de carie. Series de mollite sectiones longitudinal de dentes human esseva studiate microscopicamente. Le materiales examinate monstrava le presentia de dentina globular e/o interglobular in le grande majoritate del sectiones ab dentes tanto sin como etiam con carie. In le majoritate del sectiones plus dentina globular e interglobular esseva in le vicinitate del margines exterior del corona que in le areas central, con un predominantia del typo globular super le typo interglobular. Nulle relation specific pareva exister inter un particular configuration de mineralisation del dentina e le presentia o absentia de carie.
Variables Affecting the Strength of Bond between Porcelain and Gold
Authors: Lavine Myer H. , Custer Frederic 
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA VARIABLES AFFICIENTE LE LIGAMINAGE DE PORCELLANA FUSIONATE A AURO.—Un analyse de certe variables demonstrava que si le auro es rendite aspere ante le fusionage de illo con porcellana, un augmento de inter 13 e 15 pro cento pote esser obtenite in le fortia del ligaminage. Quando le agente Ceramcote de conditionage de metallo esseva usate a un temperatura de 980 C, le fortia del ligaminage cresceva per 6 a 10 pro cento. Tamen, quando Ceramcote esseva cocite a un temperatura de 1050 C, un augmento de 25 pro cento esseva necessari in le carga pro effectuar le fracturation del ligaminage. Le utilisation de un vacuo in le fusionage del porcellana al auro produceva resultatos plus uniforme e un augmento de 11 pro cento in le fortia del ligaminage in comparation con illo obtenite per le normal processo de fusion.
The Histology of the Early Carious Lesion in Primary Teeth with Special Reference to a "Prismless" Outer Layer of Primary Enamel
Authors: Ripa Louis W. 
Published: November 2010

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA HISTOLOGIA DEL PRECOCE LESION CARIOSE.—Attention special esseva prestate al contribution del adamantin prismas e strias de Retzius al morphologia del lesion. Le conformation del lesion macula blanc in molares primari, como illo se presenta in le section transverse, pare esser determinate exclusivemente per le direction del prismas adamantin. Le strias de Retzius non pare servir como portas de intrata, e illos non pare facilitar le dissemination occlusogingival del lesion, como on to ha reportate pro simile lesiones in dentes permanente.