bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traditional goats and fat-tailed Sabi sheep in semi-arid north eastern Zimbabwe
Authors: Hall S.J.G. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryCharacterisations are given of the little-known Sabi sheep and the local population of the Small East African goat in two areas in NE Zimbabwe. The southern area had been more affected by drought in 1991–92. For sheep (both areas combined; n = 28 in 10 flocks) the mean declared age of breeding females and the median age at first parturition were surprisingly high (6.1 years and 4 years respectively). Breeding female goats in the southern area were younger (4.9 vs. 6.4 years), and their age at first kidding was lower (3 years vs. 5 years), than in the north (n = 122 in 25 flocks total). These advanced ages could be an after-effect of the drought. Juvenile mortality and the proportions of young that were ultimately marketed were similar to what has been found elsewhere in semi-arid Africa. Breeding females were found to be smaller than their counterparts in semi-arid areas in West Africa with mean withers heights of 56.5 cm (n = 112 goats) and 60.4 cm (n = 36 sheep). Conditions in this area appear difficult for small ruminants and the populations sampled may be well adapted to marginal environments and thus worthy of conservation.
El ganado criollo Sanmartinero (SM) y su potencial productivo
Authors: Martínez Correal G. , Gonzalez Henao F. 
Published: August 2011

ResumenCon este artículo se trata de resaltar aspectos zootécnicos y económicos de la raza Sanmartinera y su utilización en forma racional y sostenible, como fuente genética para el desarrollo eficiente de la ganadería Orinoquense.Se describen sus cualidades y aptitudes productivas, como raza pura y en cruces con Cebú (Brahman), Santa Gertrudis y Charoláis; igualmente, los resultados comparativos de peso presacrificio y rendimiento en canal de cruces F ½ SM x ½ Cebú y Cebú puro.
Characteristics of the American Polypay: A review
Authors: Snowder G.D. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe Polypay sheep breed was developed at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station with a reproductive capacity markedly superior to that of domestic US western range breeds. The Polypay is a four breed composite of Targhee, Rambouillet, Dorset and Finnish Landrace breeds. It is a medium-sized wool sheep (average mature ewe weight of 72 kg) with a smooth body free of excessive skin wrinkles on the neck and body and a poll head. Comparative studies with other US domestic breeds have shown the Polypay to have earlier sexual maturity higher fertility and prolificacy rates. Mature ewes give birth to an average of 2.4 lambs and wean an average total litter weight of 63.8 kg per ewe at 120 days post partum. Lamb survival rates to 21 and 120 days are greater than those of other breeds compared. Average individual lamb weaning weight at 120 days (36.1 kg) exceeded that for Rambouillet and Targhee lambs (34.5 and 33.8 kg, respectively). Polypay carcasses are similar to those of Rambouillet and Targhee for dressing percentage, body wall thickness, kidney and pelvic fat, and ribeye area. Measures of carcass fat are less in the Polypay when compared to the Rambouillet and Targhee while qualitative leg scores for the Polypay were more favorable. Productive longevity under western range herded conditions does not differ among Polypay, Rambouillet, Targhee and Columbia sheep. In a farm flock production system, the average number of productive years for Polypay ewes exceeded that of most crossbred types. Wool characteristics are defined as a coarse to medium grade wool with a fiber diameter ranging from 24 to 33 μm. Fiber staple length ranges from 7.6 to 12.7 cm with a common mean of approximately 10 cm. Raw fleece weights are considered light and range from 2.7 to 4.5 kg. Yield of clean wool is approximately 57 percent. Economic evaluations favored the Polypay in all production systems considered with 15 to 36 percent increase in sales or profits compared to other US domestic breeds. When considering the Polypay breed for importation, some prudence should be exercised because it may not be suitable to all environments and production systems in the world, especially where nutritional and management resources are not sufficient to support lactating ewes rearing twins.
Productivité des ovins et des caprins de Race Locale élevés dans des conditions semi-intensives aux Antilles françaises
Authors: Alexandre G. , Mahieu M. , Aumont G. 
Published: August 2011

RésuméLe potentiel de production du mouton Martinik et de la chèvre Créole de Guadeloupe a été évalué en station. Les conditons d'élevage semi-intensives étaient basées sur un rythme de 3 mises-bas en 2 ans, sur l'utilisation de pâturages irrigués et fertilisés, exploités à fort chargement animal (1.6 t/ha) et en rotation et sur l'application d'une prophylaxie rigoureuse et adaptée. Les brebis Martinik et les chèvres Créole sont caractérisées par une très bonne fertilité (85vs92%), une prolificité élevée (1.7vs2.1) et une mortalité pré-sevrage réduite (10vs16%) qui les classent parmi les meilleurs génotypes tropicaux. La chèvre Créole présente comparativement à la Brebis Martinik une supériorité quant à sa productivité numérique annuelle: 2.90vs2.17 jeunes/femelle à la naissance ou 2.44vs1.97 au sevrage. Le même paramètre rapporté à l'unité de surface varie de 174 à 87 jeunes/ha à la naissance, ou de 147 à 78 au sevrage, respectivement pour les chèvres et les brebis. A l'inverse, le système ovin génère une productivité pondérale largement supérieure à celui des caprins avec 27.9vs. 19.5 kg de jeunes sevrés/femelle/an ou encore 1 400vs1 130 kg de jeunes produits post-sevrage/ha/an. D'autres paramètres sont présentés dans le papier et une discussion est menée sur l'intérêt respectif des deux espèces pour le développement de la production de viande en zone tropicale. En effet le système allaitant est prometteur avec une productivité, quelle que soit l'espèce animale, de 1.3 t de jeunes sevrés/ha/an.
A propos d'un rapport sur la Chèvre du Rove en Provence
Authors: Poey d'Avant F. 
Published: August 2011

RésuméLe rapport Danchin/Lauvergne de mai 2000 qui traitait de la situation actuelle de la chèvre du Rove est analysé par un acteur passionné de sauvegarde de la race. La Rove est une chèvre qui, en Provence, accompagnait jadis les troupeaux ovins transhumant à pied. Pour sa sauvegarde deux axes de travail sont actuellement privilégiés: 1) l'accès aux primes pour les bergers des troupeaux qui nettoient avec leurs dents les pare-feux forestiers permettant l'accès des intervenants contre les feux de forêt et 2) la recherche de débouchés pour la viande de cabris lourds, unique produit commercialisable puisque les chèvres débroussailleuses ne produisent pas de lait. Des solutions sont en vue avec la mise en place de CTE (contrats territoriaux d'exploitation) pour le premier point et la montée en puissance d'une entreprise bouchère locale pour le second. Toutes ces actions vont dans le sens d'une gestion écologique et économique bien comprise des troupeaux Rove existant encore. Elle combine la conservation d'une ressource génétique domestique, une contribution à la protection de la forêt contre le feu, la production d'une viande saine car élaborée à partir d'une flore arbustive sauvage et la sauvegarde d'emplois dans des zones menacées par la désertification des campagnes.
Motives for utilizing the Blacksided Trønder and Nordland: A native cattle breed in Norway
Authors: Sæther N. , Vangen O. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryA survey was conducted in order to investigate what motives farmers have to utilize one of the old, native cattle breeds in Norway, Blacksided Trønder and Nordland Cattle (STN). The questionnaire, which was sent to 1 772 farmers who inseminated with the STN breed from 1987 to 1997, revealed clear opinions on the differences between this breed and the predominant breed of the country, the Norwegian Cattle (NRF).The farms in the survey were characterized by having herd sizes above the national average, as well as having owners interested in extensive farming and to a certain extent aware of the special breeding challenges of small populations. The results showed that the STN breed was regarded as being significantly different for traits that may be considered as important in extensive production systems. The more idealistic motives linked to the genetic resources aspect showed a high priority.The survey also revealed an obvious need for more research and objective information about this old native breed.
Indigenous sheep genetic resources and management in Bhutan
Authors: Dorji T. , Tshering G. , Wangchuk T. , Rege J.E.O , Hannote O. 
Published: August 2011

SummarySheep are reared across a wide range of agro-ecosystems in Bhutan. A sample survey was conducted to characterise indigenous sheep breeds and husbandry practices. Information was recorded on morphological characteristics, body measurements and management variables. Based on geographical locations, four distinct native sheep types are described: Jakar, Sipsu, Sakten and Sarpang. This paper also describes the socio-economic importance of sheep, its trends and future prospects of sheep farming in Bhutan.
Evaluación de la conservación y comportamiento productivo del Banco de Germoplasma de la especie ovina en Colombia
Authors: Rodrigo Martínez S. , Rodrigo Vásquez R. 
Published: August 2011

ResumenEl Banco de Germoplasma ovino está conformado por ocho núcleos raciales organizados en un sistema de apareamiento circular cíclico para evitar la pérdida de la variabilidad genética. En este trabajo se encontró una tasa de incremento de consanguinidad por generación que varía entre 1,06 – 3,23% para los cuatro años previos a la formación del Banco y una tasa que varía entre 0,68 y 1,15% para los siguientes 5 años, lo que representa una reducción de 27,07 – 68,9% en el incremento de consanguinidad debido a la estructura de los apareamientos. Igualmente se muestra el comportamiento reproductivo por grupo racial, mostrando las bondades de la raza Criolla (96% de natalidad, 117% de prolificidad), dada su adaptación al sistema de producción de trópico alto. En cuanto al comportamiento productivo se determinó el efecto de raza, sexo y año sobre el crecimiento, encontrando a la raza Hampshire, Cheviot y Romney con los mayores pesos al nacimiento, destete y año. Finalmente se realizó una caracterización morfométrica y determinación de índices de similaridad entre las ocho razas de ovinos, utilizando parámetros de distribución continua. Las razas Merino y Corriedale presentaron los mayores índices de similaridad, al igual que las razas Criolla y Mora.
Indigenous chicken genetic resources in Bangladesh: current status and future outlook
Authors: Bhuiyan A.K.F.H. , Bhuiyan M.S.A. , Deb G.K. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryLivestock, especially poultry, is a promising sector for poverty reduction in Bangladesh. Approximately 140 millions chickens are scattered throughout 68 000 villages in the country, mostly of indigenous, non-descript type. The production system for indigenous chickens is smallholder backyard scavenging in nature with each family keeping an average of 6–7 chickens to meet family requirements, and from which a cash income can also be derived when necessary. Indigenous chickens produce about 75% of the eggs and 78% of the meat consumed domestically. Among said indigenous chicken genetic resources, non-descript Deshi, Aseel and Naked Neck breeds are noteworthyThe non-descript Deshi chicken constitutes about 90% of the indigenous population. Also known as ‘Murghi’, they have undergone unknown periods of natural selection and are a reservoir of excellent genetic diversity. They show high levels of morphological and phenotypic variability and increased fitness under natural settings. Studies reveal that they may be regarded as one breed or population because of the small genetic distances among them. Deshi chickens are characterized by black (75%) and red (25%) plumage colour; black (39%), yellow (32%) and white (29%) shank color; black (99%) eye color; bright red (59%) and pale (41%) comb colour; white (82%) and yellow (17%) skin colour; no definite (61%) and lacing (17%) feather pattern; medium (70%) and large (19%) body size; single comb (97%) and rudimentary spur (98%); medium egg size (80%); light brown (67%) and white (27%) egg shell colour. Regarding production traits, Deshi chickens have average hatch weight of 29 g; body weight at 4, 8, 12 weeks; weekly weight gain (0–12 weeks) of respectively of 77, 175, 315, 24 grams; age at first egg (175 days); weight of pullet (0.9 kg); mature body weight (1.3 kg); hatchability (52%); fertility (83%); annual egg production (45 -50 eggs); 9% mortality up to 500 days of age.The indigenous chicken population of Bangladesh has been undergoing genetic erosion since the 1960s, following the introduction of improved stock from developed countries. Efforts to sustain commercial hybrid broiler and layer chicken farming under intensive and semi-intensive production models have been tested, but efficiency of systematic characterization, screening, breed improvement and conservation programmes with the indigenous Deshi chickens at the smallholder village levels (in-situ) of Bangladesh are yet to be tested. Such an initiative may help to save these creatures from the grip of thethreat of extinction. This in turn may help to sustain village chicken production system in Bangladesh and could be a useful micro-economic strategy in the on-going poverty alleviation process in the country.
L'élevage du renne (Rangifer tarandus L.) en Finlande: ses origines et son évolution récente
Authors: Lefrère S.C. , Lauvergne J.-J. 
Published: August 2011

RésuméLe renne, Rangifer tarandus, était chassé en Europe dès l'ère paléolithique et fournissait alors à l'homme vêtement et nourriture. Avec le recul des glaciers vers le Nord, sa répartition s'est vue cloisonnée. Les premières traces de domestication du renne sont tardives, elles semblent n'apparaître qu'au Ve siècle en Asie et après le IXe siècle chez les Finnois et Lapons, lesquels ont apprivoisé les rennes et les ont rassemblés en troupeaux. L'homme est ainsi devenu nomade pour suivre les rennes au fil de leurs migrations en Asie comme en Scandinavie, centralisant ainsi sa vie autour du renne pour moult usages. En Finlande cependant, l'homme du XXe siècle s'est sédentarisé, suite à la fermeture des frontières avec la Norvège et la Suède et l'instauration d'un système de coopératives. Le renne est donc en Finlande un exemple paradoxal de domestication du fait de son caractère partiel. La mutation de cette domestication a été étudiée au travers d'enquêtes et de recherches effectuées en Laponie finlandaise.
Pastoral community selection and the genetic structure of a local goat breed in Patagonia
Authors: Lanari M.R. , Domingo E. , Centeno M.J. Pérez , Gallo L. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe effect of human intervention on the structure of locally adapted breeds in America is analyzed using the case of a rural community in Patagonia (Argentina) and its goats. The Neuquen Criollo Goat is analyzed focusing on the artificial selection practiced by the local rural community and its effects on the current type's distribution. Goatherd preferences in the selection of replacements were studied by means of a survey (n= 242). The distribution of 634 females of various types was recorded and compared with selection criteria through multivariate techniques. Producers showed clear grounds for the selection of their animals, size, conformation, hair type and coat color being the criteria most frequently cited. Most producers (84%) used at least two criteria to choose their replacements. Differences of criteria and phenotypes between areas were significant, as was the correlation between Chi-squared distances matrix on both data sets (r=0.78), showing the influence of human intervention on the breed's shape. Directional selection, practiced by rural communities in marginal areas, was the main factor of microevolution in this Criollo goat population, and probably in other Criollo populations in America.
Ghoongroo pig: A new found animal genetic resource of sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India
Authors: Pan S. , Misra S.K. , Kundu M.S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryA breed of pig with distinctive productive and reproductive characteristics has been identified in the eastern Sub-Himalayan region of West Bengal state, India and adjoining Nepal. The breed is known as Ghoongroo (meaning anklet in the local language). The breed is most prevalent within 88° E to 90° E longitudes and 26.3° N to 27.3° N latitudes. Two distinct climates viz., cold moist and hot humid are observed during the year. Farmers manage the animals both under stall-feeding and stall-feeding-cum-grazing systems. Simple housing principally made up of bamboo and jute stick is used with an emphasis on giving protection from the rain.The population in the breeding tract varies depending on market demand. Generally, the population varies from 8 000 to 10 0000. Pigs are black in colour with a compact body, long thick coarse hair, a long tail and an upwardly curved snout. The face is broad and flattened with large, heart shaped ear resembling that of an elephant. Average litter size at birth is11.92±0.06 and a litter size of up to eighteen is not uncommon on a low to medium plane of nutrition. Body weights at birth, five months and one year of age are 1.08±0.22, 38.91± 1.49 and 106.3±0.31 kg respectively, irrespective of sex.This unique germ plasma has the potential to replace exotic breeds from temperate zones currently used in improved pig production programs. However the breed is under constant threat due to indiscriminate crossbreeding with other varieties. Thus the immediate implementation of conservation and improvement programs is essential to salvage the breed.
Evaluación de la variabilidad genética en ganado Criollo Colombiano mediante 12 marcadores microsatélites
Authors: Barrera G.P. , Martinez R. , Perez J.E. , Polanco N. , Ariza F. 
Published: August 2011

ResumenEl objetivo del presente trabajo fue estimar la variabilidad y las relaciones filogenéticas entre 6 razas de ganado criollo colombiano, cebú Brahman y la española Pirenaica, mediante el uso de 12 marcadores moleculares tipo microsatélite. El número promedio de alelos fue de 11.58 con los valores más altos para los marcadores HEL 13 y ETH 10. La heterocigocidad promedio de todas las razas fue de 0.7 y el coeficiente de endogamia fue de 0.097, con los valores más altos para la raza Romosinuano. Los mayores valores de diversidad se presentaron en la raza Casanareño. La distancia genética entre las razas criollas colombianas y la raza española Pirenaica fue amplia (0.7–1.7) indicando posiblemente poca intervención de esta raza en el origen de las razas criollas. En general, las mayores distancias genéticas se presentaron entre las razas de origenBos taurus(razas criollas colombianas y Pirenaica) con respecto a laBos indicus(Brahman).
Germplasm characteristics and conservation of Tongcheng pig: A case study for preservation and utilization of Chinese indigenous pig breeds
Authors: Fan B. , Tang Z.L. , Xu S.P. , Liu B. , Peng Z.Z. , Li K. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe paper describes the breed characteristics, production performance including reproduction, growth, carcass and meat quality traits of the Tongcheng pig, one of the indigenous pig breeds suitable for a hybrid maternal line in central China. Based on the field investigation and data statistics from the farm recordings, the Tongcheng pig has early sexual maturity indicators, and the average litter size is 8.5 for first parity and 9.3 and 11.3 for the second and subsequent parities respectively. In a three-way crossing project launched recently, using the Tongcheng pig as the maternal parent and Landrace or Yorkshire pigs as the paternal parent, the performance testing results showed that Tongcheng pigs had a lower growth and meat production performance than these commercial pigs, but had superior meat quality. The production performance of the two crossing groups Landrace/Yorkshire/Tongcheng pigs) (LYT) and Yorkshire/Landrace/Tongcheng pigs) (YLT) were improved in comparison to their parent lines, and the results further indicated that the LYT cross is a tri-crossing style convenient for farm and village areas in central China. Meanwhile, effective management measures taken towards Tongcheng pig preservation, and a genetic diversity evaluation on the Tongcheng pig were reviewed. This paper offers the Tongcheng pig as a case study for the maintenance and utilization of indigenous pigs in China, which is rich in pig breeds but is also confronting the pig resource crisis.
The Poltava chicken breed of Ukraine: its history, characterization and conservation
Authors: Moiseyeva I.G. , Romanov M.N. , Kovalenko A.T. , Mosyakina T.V. , Bondarenko Yu.V. , Kutnyuk P.I. , Podstreshny A.P. , Nikiforov A.A. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryPoltava chickens are native to Ukraine, with a remarkable history, genetics and economic traits. They include three varieties: Clay, Cuckoo and Black. The Poltava Clay variety exemplifies what can be achieved by thorough selection in transforming a local, low production chicken population into an established breed with high performance characteristics and selected line structure. Two other varieties, the Cuckoo and Black, are extinct but plans for their restoration are underway.
Pure line laying chickens at the Agassiz Research Centre
Authors: Silversides F.G. , Shaver D. McQ. , Song Y. 
Published: August 2011

SummarySix lines of laying chickens representing high-producing non-industrial lines chosen or produced with consideration for characters of production are being kept at the Agassiz Research Centre. The collection includes one Barred Plymouth Rock (Line 60), one Columbian Plymouth Rock, one Rhode Island Red (Line 50), and three White Leghorn lines (Blue, Black, and Burgundy). Before coming to the Agassiz Research Centre these pure lines were subjected to mild selection for egg production and their egg production approaches that of commercial hybrids. The lines are currently maintained as a genetic resource as live populations without selection and with populations large enough to minimize inbreeding. In addition, samples of DNA from these lines have been conserved for genetic studies, and samples of embryonic cells are being kept cryogenically to allow the possibility of reconstitution of the lines through the production of germline chimeras. Techniques of ovarian transplantation are being developed which will allow more efficient cryogenic conservation and recuperation of the genetic material into live populations.