bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binding characteristics of Trichoderma reesei cellulases on untreated, ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX), and dilute‐acid pretreated lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Gao Dahai , Chundawat Shishir P.S. , Uppugundla Nirmal , Balan Venkatesh , Dale Bruce E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractStudying the binding properties of cellulases to lignocellulosic substrates is critical to achieving a fundamental understanding of plant cell wall saccharification. Lignin auto‐fluorescence and degradation products formed during pretreatment impede accurate quantification of individual glycosyl hydrolases (GH) binding to pretreated cell walls. A high‐throughput fast protein liquid chromatography (HT‐FPLC)‐based method has been developed to quantify cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I or Cel7A), cellobiohydrolase II (CBH II or Cel6A), and endoglucanase I (EG I or Cel7B) present in hydrolyzates of untreated, ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX), and dilute‐acid pretreated corn stover (CS). This method can accurately quantify individual enzymes present in complex binary and ternary protein mixtures without interference from plant cell wall‐derived components. The binding isotherms for CBH I, CBH II, and EG I were obtained after incubation for 2 h at 4°C. Both AFEX and dilute acid pretreatment resulted in increased cellulase binding compared with untreated CS. Cooperative binding of CBH I and/or CBH II in the presence of EG I was observed only for AFEX treated CS. Competitive binding between enzymes was found for certain other enzyme–substrate combinations over the protein loading range tested (i.e., 25–450 mg/g glucan). Langmuir single‐site adsorption model was fitted to the binding isotherm data to estimate total available binding sites Ebm (mg/g glucan) and association constant Ka (L/mg). Our results clearly demonstrate that the characteristics of cellulase binding depend not only on the enzyme GH family but also on the type of pretreatment method employed. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1788–1800. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TLC densitometric quantification of picrosides (picroside‐I and picroside‐II) in Picrorhiza kurroa and its substitute Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora and their antioxidant studies
Authors: Tiwari Shashi Shankar , Pandey Madan Mohan , Srivastava Sharad , Rawat AKS 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTPicroside‐I and picroside‐II are known bioactive metabolites in Picrorhiza species. In the present study a simple, precise method has been established for the simultaneous determination of picrosides (picroside‐I and picroside‐II) in two different Picrorhiza species, P. kurroa and P. scrophulariiflora. This method was also validated for accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection and quantification, repeatability and recovery, according to International Conference of Harmonization guidelines. Separation and quantification was achieved by HPTLC using as the mobile phase chloroform–methanol (88:12, v/v) on precoated silica gel 60F254 aluminum plates. Densitometric determination was carried out at wavelength λmax 254 nm in UV absorbance mode. Comparative study also revealed that picroside‐I and picroside‐II are higher in P. scrophulariiflora than P. kurroa. Picroside‐I content was found to be 1.258 and 1.611%, and picroside‐II was estimated as 0.481 and 0.613% in P. kurroa and P. scrophulariiflora, respectively. Antioxidant potential of these two Picrorhiza species was also studied using DPPH. At a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL the scavenging activities of P. kurroa and P. scrophulariiflora were found to 37.70 and 34.30%, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of different preparation modes on enhancing the undergraduate process control engineering laboratory: A comparative study
Authors: Abdulwahed Mahmoud , Nagy Zoltan K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractUndergraduate engineering laboratories have been reported to be inefficient. Educators have been aware of this problem and have urged their students to prepare in different ways, such as by self‐reparation, handing in a pre‐laboratory assignment, or attending a pre‐laboratory preparation session. Many studies report different approaches to laboratory preparation; however comparative investigations are scarce. This article reports on an empirical study that spanned over 3 years. Three preparation modes (PMs) are compared: (a) PM1—pre‐laboratory home assignment with the laboratory manual and virtual laboratory software; (b) PM2—pre‐laboratory session with a teaching assistant and preparation via the laboratory manual only; and (c) PM3—pre‐laboratory session with a teaching assistant and preparation via the virtual laboratory and the laboratory manual. Measurements of the laboratory learning outcomes by means of pre‐ and post‐laboratory tests and a comprehensive laboratory report indicate that PM3 is the most efficient approach. Discussions of the result in light of pedagogical and cognitive science theories are provided. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22: 110–119, 2014
Defect closure in the lipomatous hypertrophied atrial septum with the amplatzer muscular ventricular septal defect closure device: A case series
Authors: Lin C. Huie , Balzer David T. , Lasala John M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractVariations in the anatomy of the atrial septum can confound the transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects and patent foramen ovale. While lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum is not frequently encountered, attempts to use standard atrial septal occlusion devices in such patient can lead to malapposition and continued shunt. Some operators have suggested that atrial septal hypertrophy is a relative contraindication to transcatheter‐based closure techniques. We present a novel technique exploiting the features of the Amplatzer muscular ventricular septal defect occluder to treat atrial septal defects in the setting of lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum in two patients. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A flow restrictor implanted percutaneously across a loose pulmonary artery band
Authors: Gorenflo Matthias , Gewillig Marc 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPulmonary artery banding usually is performed as a palliative procedure. In patients with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and complex congenital heart disease, it may not be possible at the time of surgery to obtain sufficient restriction to optimize the patient for further treatment; additional restriction may be needed in time. We present a technique where we used a combination of two devices (a 10‐mm Amplatzer ASD occluder fenestrated with a Palmaz Genesis 9/19 mm stent) to percutaneously further reduce the flow to the lungs 1 month after surgical placement of a pulmonary artery band in a 16‐year‐old girl with complex univentricular heart. Eight months after the banding the patient successfully underwent completion of the Fontan circulation by total cavopulmonary connection. This technique allows to reduce flow without redo surgery. In well‐selected patients, this new percutaneous technique allows to better prepare such complex patients for future surgery. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recognition of G‐Quadruplex DNA by Triangular Star‐Shaped Compounds: With or Without Side Chains?
Authors: Bertrand Hélène , Granzhan Anton , Monchaud David , Saettel Nicolas , Guillot Régis , Clifford Sarah , Guédin Aurore , Mergny Jean‐Louis , Teulade‐Fichou Marie‐Paule 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe report the synthesis of two new series of triangular aromatic platforms, either with three aminoalkyl side chains (triazatrinaphthylene series, TrisK: six compounds), or without side chains (triazoniatrinaphthylene, TrisQ). The quadruplex–DNA binding behavior of the two series, which differ essentially by the localization of the cationic charges, was evaluated by means of FRET‐melting and G4‐FID assays. For the trisubstituted triazatrinaphthylenes (TrisK), the length of the substituents and the presence of terminal hydrogen‐bond‐donor groups (NH2) were shown to be crucial for ensuring a high quadruplex affinity (ΔT1/2 values of up to 20 °C at 1 μM for the best candidate, TrisK3‐NH) and selectivity versus duplex DNA. Subsequently, comparison of data collected on both the telomeric‐ and c‐myc‐quadruplex showed that the nonsubstituted TrisQ is even more efficient than TrisK3‐NH, both in terms of quadruplex affinity (ΔT1/2=26 °C in K+ buffer) and selectivity versus duplex DNA. Structural considerations conducted with the c‐myc quadruplex indicate that both TrisK3‐NH and TrisQ stack well onto the G‐quartet but in an offset position, which might be influenced by the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds with the target in the former case. Finally, the nonsubstituted TrisQ displays a binding profile very similar to some of the best quadruplex binders, BRACO‐19 and bisquinolinium 360A, used herein as references, and thereby represents a highly promising novel molecular design for quadruplex recognition.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversal of Selectivity in Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclizations of 3,3‐Disubstituted 1,4‐Diynes.
Authors: Ruettinger Roman , Leutzow Juliane , Wilsdorf Michael , Wilckens Kristina , Czekelius Constantin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDiyne substrates bearing exclusively alkyl or aryl substituents are prepared starting from acetylacetone via the known alcohols (I) following a new synthetic pathway which includes allylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Construction of Carbocycles and Heterocycles via Cascade Reactions Involving Curcumins and Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Ayyagari Narasimham , Jose Deena , Mobin Shaikh M. , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMichael addition of curcumins to nitroalkenes followed by intramolecular Michael addition or nucleophilic substitution results in highly stereoselective synthesis of cyclohexanones (III) and dihydrofurans (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Sphingosine Kinase 1 Specific Small‐Molecule Inhibitor.
Authors: Hengst Jeremy A. , Wang XuJun , Sk Ugir H. , Shrama Arun K. , Amin Shantu , Yun Jong K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractResults of an SAR study yield an improved compound, SKI‐178 (VI), with enhanced pharmacological properties.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Deoxy‐4‐fluoro‐xyloside Derivatives as Inhibitors of Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis.
Authors: Tsuzuki Yasuhiro , Nguyen Thao Kim Nu , Garud Dinesh R. , Kuberan Balagurunathan , Koketsu Mamoru 
Published: March 2011

AbstractVarious 4‐fluoroxylopyranosyl‐triazole derivatives are synthesized using click chemistry, and evaluated for their ability to inhibit proteoglycan biosynthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Ring‐Expanded Product with Enhanced Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity from Classical Fe‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Rosmarinic Acid, a Potent Antioxidative Lamiaceae Polyphenol.
Authors: Fujimoto Aya , Shingai Yoshimi , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Maekawa Tomomi , Sone Yoshiaki , Masuda Toshiya 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOxidation of rosmarinic acid (I) affords the highly tyrosinase inhibitory active product (II) (yield given in g).
MHD flow and heat transfer of a micropolar fluid over a nonlinear stretching surface with variable surface heat flux and heat generation
Authors: Mahmoud Mostafa A. A. , Waheed Shimaa E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn analysis has been carried out to study magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow and heat transfer of an electrically conducting micropolar fluid over a nonlinear stretching surface with variable wall heat flux in the presence of heat generation/absorption and a non‐uniform transverse magnetic field. The governing system of partial differential equations is first transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. The transformed equations are solved numerically. Results for the dimensionless velocity, micro‐rotation, and temperature profiles are displayed graphically delineating the effects of various parameters characterising the flow. The results show that the velocity profile decreases as the magnetic parameter and the velocity exponent increase, while it increases as the material parameter increases. The results show also that the temperature profile increases as the magnetic parameter, the velocity exponent, and the heat generation parameter increase. Furthermore, the temperature profile decreases as the material parameter, the heat absorption parameter, and the Prandtl number increase.
Paragastric paraganglioma: A case report with unusual alveolar pattern and myxoid component
Authors: Laforga Juan B. , Vaquero Manuel , Juanpere Nuria 
Published: March 2011

AbstractParagangliomas are neural crest‐derived neuroendocrine tumors. Nearly 5 to 10% occur in extraadrenal sites, from the upper cervical region to the pelvis, related to the autonomic nervous system. Very few cases of gastric or paragastric paragangliomas have been reported. We report a paraganglioma attached to the stomach of an 85‐year‐old man. The tumor was 15 cm in diameter and was surgically resected via a subtotal gastrectomy. Fine‐needle aspiration smears showed round epithelioid cells forming acini and spindle cells attached to capillaries. Occasional cells showed excentric nuclei and pale vesicular cytoplasm. Microscopically, the tumor was characterized by an alveolar and solid pattern of growth with some unusual features, such as myxoid stroma and pseudoalveoli that contained myxoid material. Spindle cells stained with vimentin and S‐100 protein, whereas epithelioid cells showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining with chromogranin A. Electron microscopy of the tumor tissue revealed the presence of neurosecretory granules. To the best of our knowledge, this pattern of growth has yet to be described in the literature and may result in a misdiagnosis if sufficient immunohistochemical markers are not employed. We briefly discuss the cytomorphological features and differential diagnosis of this tumor, which was discovered in a rare location. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrasonography‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology for thyroid nodules: An emphasis on one‐sampling and biopsy techniques
Authors: Kim Dong Wook , Choo Hye Jung , Park Ji Sung , Lee Eun Joo , Kim Sang Hyo , Jung Soo Jin , Ryu Ji Hwa 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the adequacy and efficacy of ultrasonography (US)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (US‐FNAC) with one‐sampling technique (only one specimen through a single needle pass was obtained during the procedure on each thyroid nodule in each study patient) for the cytological diagnosis of thyroid nodules.In this study, US‐FNAC techniques, including “free two‐hand,” “mixed sampling,” “flipping‐extraction,” and “single‐needle‐pass” procedures were used to collect thyroid cells from July 2007 to June 2009. The cytopathology results and patients' complications were reviewed retrospectively.Of the 1456 thyroid‐nodule samples obtained from 977 patients (1.49 per patient), the incidence of adequate and inadequate samplings was 88.5% (1289/1456) and 11.5% (167/1456), respectively. After thyroid surgery in 396 patients, 568 nodules were confirmed as 353 papillary thyroid carcinomas including one diffuse sclerosing variant, five follicular thyroid carcinomas, three medullary thyroid carcinomas, one anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, one metastatic renal cell carcinoma, two poorly differentiated carcinomas, 17 follicular adenomas, two nodular thyroiditis, two pseudonodules related to thyroiditis, and 182 cases of nodular hyperplasia. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, false‐negative rate, and false‐positive rate for the US‐FNAC were 94.3%, 91.9%, 96.2%, 88.3%, 93.6%, 3.9%, and 2.6%, respectively. There were no significant patients' complications, but 87 patients (8.9%) reported mild pain during or after the procedure.This study showed a good adequacy and efficacy of US‐FNAC for thyroid nodules despite one‐sampling. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012;40:E48–E54. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Barr body in fine needle aspiration cytology of ovarian malignancies
Authors: Agrawal Pallavi , Dey Pranab 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Barr body is the inactive X chromosome in a female somatic cell. It is readily identified as plano‐convex structure of 2–3 micron in diameter on the periphery of the nuclear membrane. The aim of this study is to evaluate the significance of Barr body count in malignant ovarian tumors on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears. In this retrospective study, Barr body was counted in FNAC smears of 20 successive malignant ovarian lesions and expressed as percentage. Mean (±SD) Barr body score was 2.4 ± 2.58. Minimum Barr body count was 1 and maximum was 9. The gross reduction of Barr body in ovarian neoplasms is an interesting cytomorphologic finding. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study on Bis(μ‐alkoxo)diiron(III) Complexes with Hydroxybenzylaminoethanol [O,N,O] Donor Ligands: Syntheses, Structures and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Hänninen Mikko M. , Colacio Enrique , Mota Antonio J. , Sillanpää Reijo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThree new neutral bis(μ‐alkoxo)diiron(III) complexes were prepared from N(R),N‐(2‐methylene‐4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol)aminoethan‐1‐ol ligands (H2L1, R = Me and H2L2, R = H). In these complexes, the ligand wraps around the metal center exhibiting a tridentate facial coordination mode with alkoxo‐bridging oxygen, amine nitrogen and phenoxo oxygen donor atoms. In the complex [Fe(acac)L1]2·MeCN (1) acetylacetonato coligand complete the distorted octahedral coordination spheres of the iron(III) ions, whereas in the five‐coordinate iron(III) chloride complexes [FeClL1]2 (2) and [FeClL2]2 (3) the ligands induce a geometry that is intermediate between square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal. Magnetic studies carried out on these dinuclear complexes showed that J values vary from –16.1 to –29.6 cm–1. Both experimental and theoretical DFT studies address a strong magneto‐structural correlation between the exchange coupling constant and the Fe–O–Fe angle of the complexes. The crossover point from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic coupling is predicted to be 100.4° for this family of N(R),N‐(2‐methylene‐4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol)aminoethan‐1‐ol ligands.
Investigating the formation and the properties of monoalkyl carbonates in aqueous medium using capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Vidal Denis Tadeu Rajh , Nogueira Thiago , Saito Renata Mayumi , do Lago Claudimir Lucio 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAlthough alkyl carbonic acids (ACAs) and their salts are referred to as instable species in aqueous medium, we demonstrate that a monoalkyl carbonate (MAC) can in fact be easily formed from bicarbonate and an alcohol even in the presence of a high amount of water. A CE system with two capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detectors (C4Ds) was used to obtain different parameters about these species and their reactions. Based on the mobilities obtained for a series of alcohols ranging from 1 to 5 carbons, the coefficients of diffusion and the hydrodynamic radii were calculated. When compared with the equivalent carboxylates, MACs have radii systematically smaller. Although the precise pKa values of the ACAs could not be obtained, because of the fast decomposition in acid medium, it was possible, for the first time, to show that they are below 4.0. This result suggests that the acidity of an ACA is quite similar to the first hydrogen of H2CO3. Using a new approach to indirectly calibrate the C4D, the kinetic constants and the equilibrium constants of formation were also obtained. The results suggest that the increase in the chain length makes the MACs less stable and more inert.
The Effect of Estimating Parameters on Long‐Term Forecasts for Cointegrated Systems
Authors: Chigira Hiroaki , Yamamoto Taku 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper concerns Long‐term forecasts for cointegrated processes. First, it considers the case where the parameters of the model are known. The paper analytically shows that neither cointegration nor integration constraint matters in Long‐term forecasts. It is an alternative implication of Long‐term forecasts for cointegrated processes, extending the results of previous influential studies. The appropriate Mote Carlo experiment supports our analytical result. Secondly, and more importantly, it considers the case where the parameters of the model are estimated. The paper shows that accuracy of the estimation of the drift term is crucial in Long‐term forecasts. Namely, the relative accuracy of various Long‐term forecasts depends upon the relative magnitude of variances of estimators of the drift term. It further experimentally shows that in finite samples the univariate ARIMA forecast, whose drift term is estimated by the simple time average of differenced data, is better than the cointegrated system forecast, whose parameters are estimated by the well‐known Johansen's ML method. Based upon finite sample experiments, it recommends the univariate ARIMA forecast rather than the conventional cointegrated system forecast in finite samples for its practical usefulness and robustness against model misspecifications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individual variability in the shape and amplitude of the BOLD‐HRF correlates with endogenous GABAergic inhibition
Authors: Muthukumaraswamy Suresh D. , Evans C. John , Edden Richard A.E. , Wise Richard G. , Singh Krish D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIt has previously been demonstrated that there is a negative correlation between the amplitude of the BOLD response and resting γ amino‐butyric acid (GABA) concentration in visual cortex. The work here is the first to empirically characterize individual variability in the haemodynamic response functions (HRFs) in response to a simple visual stimulus and baseline GABA concentration in a population of young adult males (n = 15, aged 20–28 years). The results demonstrate that GABA concentration is negatively correlated with BOLD response amplitude (r = −0.64, P < 0.02) and positively correlated with HRF width (r = 0.67, P < 0.002), that is, individuals with higher resting GABA concentration tend to exhibit smaller and wider HRFs. No correlations were observed with resting cerebral blood flow and GABA concentration and similarly, no correlations were observed between GABA and the proportional tissue content of the MRS voxel. We argue that correlation of the height of the HRF is supportive of the view that the previously observed correlations between BOLD amplitudes and GABA are reflective of differences in neuronal activity. However, the changes in HRF shape in individuals with higher baseline GABA levels are suggestive that differing vascular response characteristics may also make a significant contribution. Our results reinforce the view that variability in endogenous factors, such as neurotransmitter concentration, can have a profound effect on the vascular haemodynamic response. This has important implications for between‐cohort fMRI studies in which variation in parameters such as GABA concentration may lead to group differences in the BOLD signal. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.