bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal impact of urban indicators of land surface cover on land surface temperature: Case study of an Indian metropolitan city
Authors: Mandal Gitali , Gnanasambandam Subbaiyan 
Published: June 2024

Land surface temperature (LST) is an important parameter for investigating surface urban heat islands (UHI) at different scales of urban development. Previous studies on UHI have been limited in quantifying the magnitude, and very few studies explored in-depth relations between built-up density classes and LST. This paper focuses on the land surface cover factors contributing to changes in urban LST. The impact of urban surface cover indicators such as land cover (LC) groups, built-up density classes, and pervious surface fraction (PSF) groups on LST was investigated in this study. Bengaluru metropolitan region was selected as the study area. Seasonal LSTs were calculated using the 2013–14, 2019, and 2023 Landsat 8 images and validated with MODIS LST images. LC for the three time periods were generated using supervised classification and related to respective LSTs. A 500 m × 500 m grid was considered a unit area to calculate the percentage of LC classes. One-way ANOVA tests revealed significant differences in seasonal mean LSTs among seven LC groups, six percentage built-up area (PBA) groups and nine PSF groups. The study has found a moderate negative relation between PBA groups and mean LSTs due to rapid urbanisation towards fringe areas in 2019 and 2023, which led to vacant lands with higher mean LST values converted into built-up areas with comparatively lesser mean LST. The mean LST of 2023 was lesser than in 2013 and 2019 due to an increment of vegetation cover by 16.8% during the last decade, which turned Bengaluru’s central area into a surface urban cool island (SUCI). However, the study has also found that the high-density built-up areas with no vegetation or waterbody located in the periphery of the outer ring road and the central commercial area of Bengaluru generated more urban hot spots in 2019 and 2023 than in 2013. This study, carried out at a local level of urban development, is more relevant to the urban planners’ formulation of guidelines for ameliorating surface UHI.
Review of Generalized Pustular Psoriasis: Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options
Authors: Kozina Yuliya , Musiek Amy C. M. , Anadkat Milan J. 
Published: June 2024

Background: Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a diagnostic challenge for clinicians and is relatively rare. Prevalence is currently reported to be higher in Asian countries and among female patients; peak age of onset is variable across studies. Objective: This article provides clinicians with an overview of the global prevalence of GPP, common clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, and evolving treatment options. Discussion: Clinical presentation is characterized by onset of generalized sterile pustules with erythema, and may include systemic inflammatory signs including fever and lab abnormalities. Diagnostic criteria vary globally. European Rare and Severe Psoriasis Expert Network (ERASPEN) criteria present a clinical diagnosis while Japanese criteria include a biopsy. Advancements in understanding of pathogenesis have uncovered the role of IL-36 as a driver of disease, and this is the target of new treatments including spesolimab, an anti-IL-36 receptor antibody.
Women’s willingness for cervical cancer screening and associated factors among women attending health services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Demas Tangute , Biku Teshale , Getinet Tewodros , Fantahun Bereket , Bekele Delayehu , Woldehawariat Negat , Muzemir Rahel , Shoarega Martha 
Published: June 2024

Background:Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally. In developed countries, effective screening programs reduced its burden. However, in Ethiopia, cervical cancer remains a major public health problem despite the screening service being available free of charge.Objective:The aim of this study was to assess women’s willingness for cervical cancer screening services and associated factors among women attending health services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Design:An institutional-based, analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted among sexually active women attending health facilities from August to September 2022.Methods:A pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Logistic regression was used to determine different variables’ frequencies and associated factors. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Result:Four hundred twenty-two women were approached, and 394 (93.4%) met the study inclusion criteria. Study participants had a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 6 sexual partners in their lives. A total of 256 (64.9%) study participants had heard about cervical cancer. Among those who heard about cervical cancer, only 22 (8.6%) had been tested for cervical cancer. Of those who did not receive cervical cancer screening, only 175 (47.0%) are willing to receive cervical cancer screening. Age, religion, marital status, place of residence, educational level, occupation, and hearing about cervical cancer were found to be statistically significant. Women who heard about cervical cancer were 15.2 times more likely to take the test compared to those who never heard about cervical cancer before the study.Conclusion:Women’s willingness to be screened for cervical cancer is low despite many of the study participants having more than one partner in their lives and being at risk for cervical cancer. Only a few participants had been screened for cervical cancer. Women who had heard about cervical cancer were more likely to take the screening service compared to those who had never heard it before. This highlights the need to prioritize raising awareness about the benefits of cervical cancer screening services.
Sleep disturbances are associated with greater healthcare utilization in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Solomon Shirley , Elbedour Leena , Meiri Gal , Michaelovski Analya , Sadaka Yair , Ilan Michal , Faroy Michal , Dinstein Ilan , Menashe Idan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Sleep disturbances are frequently reported in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are associated with the severity of co-occurring symptoms. This study’s aim was to examine the extent of healthcare utilization and clinical outcomes associated with sleep disturbances in children with ASD.

Study design
A retrospective, cross-sectional study of 541 children with ASD from the Azrieli National Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research (ANCAN) whose parents completed the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Children with a total CSHQ score ≥ 48 were defined as having sleep disturbances. Sociodemographic characteristics, ASD diagnostic measures, chronic co-occurring conditions, medication usage, hospitalizations, visits to the emergency room (ER), and visits to specialists were compared in ASD children with and without sleep disturbances. Multivariate logistic regression models were then used to assess the independent association of sleep disturbances with clinical characteristics and healthcare utilization.

Results
Of the 541 children with ASD, 257 (47.5%) had sleep disturbances. Children with sleep disturbances exhibited higher rates of multiple (≥ 3) co-occurring conditions (19.1% vs. 12.7%; p = 0.0414) and prescribed medications (45.5% vs. 32.7%; p = 0.0031) than other children. Finally, ASD children with sleep disturbances were 1.72 and 2.71 times more likely to visit the ER and be hospitalized than their counterparts (aOR = 1.72; 99%CI = 1.01–2.95; and aOR = 2.71; 99%CI = 1.10–6.67, respectively).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that sleep disturbances are associated with greater healthcare utilization among children with ASD. Further studies could examine whether treating sleep disturbances in children with ASD yields additional clinical benefits beyond improvements in sleep.
The relationship between liver enzymes, prehypertension and hypertension in the Azar cohort population
Authors: Somi Mohammd hossein , Faramarzi Elnaz , Jahangiry Sima , Sanaie Sarvin , Molani-Gol Roghayeh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The incidence of hypertension (HTN) as a worldwide health problem is rising rapidly. Early identification and management of pre-HTN before HTN development can help reduce its related complications. We evaluated the relationship between liver enzymes levels and pre-HTN/HTN in the Azar cohort population.

Method
This cross-sectional study was based on data from the large Azar cohort study and a total of 14,184 participants were included. Pre-HTN and HTN were defined based on the American Heart Association guideline. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were measured by Pars Azmoon kits. The relationship between pre-HTN/HTN and liver enzyme levels was evaluated by logistic regression.

Results
Of 14,184 participants, 5.7% and 39.6% had pre-HTN and HTN, respectively. In the adjusted model, AST levels of 19–23 IU/l were associated with an elevated risk of pre-HTN (OR [95% CI]: 1.24 [1.04–1.48]). A dose-response increase was seen in pre-HTN in relation to ALT, with the highest OR in the third tertile (1.34 [1.09–1.63]). The odds of pre-HTN also increased with GGT in the third tertile (1.25[1.03–1.52]). In addition, the odds of HTN increased with increased levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT, such that the highest ORs were recorded in the third tertile (OR 1.22 [1.09–1.37], 1.51 [1.35–1.70], 1.19 [1.07–1.34], and 1.68 [1.49–1.89], respectively). Among these enzymes, GGT had the highest OR regarding HTN.

Conclusion
This study indicates that AST, ALT, ALP and GGT levels were associated with pre-HTN (except for ALP) and HTN, independent of known risk factors. Hence, it may be possible to use liver enzymes to predict the incidence of pre-HTN and HTN, empowering primary care providers to make the necessary interventions promptly.
‘Talking lines’: the stories of diagnosis and support as told by those with lived experience of rare forms of dementia
Authors: Rossi-Harries Samuel , Harrison Charles R. , Camic Paul M. , Sullivan Mary Pat , Grillo Adetola , Crutch Sebastian James , Harding Emma 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
People living with, or caring for someone with, rare forms of dementia can encounter issues while obtaining a diagnosis and trying to access appropriate support. This can affect their wellbeing, quality of life, social relationships and employment status. This study makes use of an arts-based narrative approach to explore individual accounts of these experiences whilst also exploring how, in telling their stories, those affected by rare forms of dementia might invoke, and situate their stories in relation to, broader cultural narratives around dementia and illness.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted via video-conferencing software with participants (N = 27), living with, or caring for someone with, a rare forms of dementia. Participants used line drawings to depict their journey from initial symptoms to the present day, followed by prompts to verbally narrate their experiences. All interview transcripts and line drawings were subjected to narrative analysis. Four sets of transcripts and drawings were then subjected to more in-depth analysis.

Results
Analysis shed light on the struggles encountered by both care-partners and people with a diagnosis, while navigating a health and social care system that does not always understand their needs. This often led to individuals feeling isolated and unsupported. Accounts also depicted challenges to identity brought on by the process. The moment of diagnosis was also drawn in a complicated light. Individuals found comfort in gaining understanding, but felt fear at recognising upcoming challenges. Participants situated their own accounts against mainstream cultural narratives around what good support for cognitive impairment and dementia might look like, whilst also demonstrating the influential role they took on in pursuing the right care.

Conclusions
The use of line drawing, alongside narrative interviews, allowed participants to tell complicated, sometimes anachronistic, stories about difficult experiences, whilst also reflecting on, and attaching meaning to, them. These stories highlighted pressing gaps in healthcare services and shone a light on the various pieces of collective action individuals were engaged in in order to improve them. Finally, in modelling some elements of the participants’ service provision which were working, the narratives pointed to future directions services might move in.
Optimal dose and type of exercise to improve depressive symptoms in older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Lili , Zhang Lin , Liu Yanbo , Li Yan , Yang Lijuan , Zou Mingxuan , Yang Huiran , Zhu Lingyu , Du Ruihong , Shen Ye , Li Haoyu , Yang Yong , Li Zhijun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Depression is a prevalent issue among older adults, affecting their quality of life and overall well-being. Exercise is an effective means of relieving depressive symptoms in older adults, but the optimal dose for different exercise types remains unclear. As such, the aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the dose–response relationship between overall and specific types of exercise with depression symptoms in older adults.

Methods
This systematic review and network meta-analysis included a search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane library, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials of exercise in older adults with depression symptoms from inception to 15 July 2023. Comprehensive data extraction covered dose, treatment regimen, demographics and study duration. Dosage metrics, encompassing METs-min/week, were scrutinized in correlation with the Minimal Clinically Importance Difference (MCID).

Results
A total of 47 studies involving 2895 participants and 7 kinds of exercise were included in the review. Without considering the dose, the results of our network meta-analysis indicated that Walking was the most effective in alleviating depression in older adults, in addition to Aerobic exercise (AE), Yoga, Qigong, Resistance training (RT), and Tai Chi (TC), which were equally effective. However, the results of the dose–response analysis found that Aerobic exercise was most effective at a dose of 1000 METs-min/week. It is noteworthy that Walking is significantly effective in alleviating depressive symptoms in older adults at very low doses. In terms of clinical benefits, we found that overall exercise doses in the range of 600 ~ 970 METs-min/week were clinically effective. Considering the specific types of exercise, Aerobic exercise, Resistance training, Walking, and Yoga were found to be effective at doses ranging from 820 ~ 1000 METs-min/week, 520 ~ 1000 METs-min/week, 650 ~ 1000 METs-min/week, 680 ~ 1000 METs-min/week, respectively. At the same time, we found that when the age exceeded 81 years, even when participating in exercise, it did not achieve the effect of alleviating depressive symptoms in older adults.

Conclusions
In conclusion, including Walking, AE, Yoga, Qigong, RT, and TC, effectively alleviate depressive symptoms in older adults. Furthermore, we established statistically and clinically significant threshold doses for various exercise types. Early initiation of exercise is beneficial, but its efficacy diminishes from the age of 80, and beyond 81, exercise no longer significantly alleviates depressive symptoms.
A comparison of the breast milk microbiota from women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus and women without gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rold Louise Søndergaard , Guldbæk Johan Mikkel , Lindegaard Caroline Steenberg , Kirk Stine , Nygaard Line Damkjær , Bundgaard-Nielsen Caspar , Holm-Jacobsen Julie Niemann , Leutscher Peter , Viuff Anne-Cathrine Finnemann , Hagstrøm Søren , Sørensen Suzette 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Human breast milk (HBM) is a contributing factor in modulating the infant’s gut microbiota, as it contains bacteria that are directly transferred to the infant during breastfeeding. It has been shown that children of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a different gut microbiota compared to children of women without GDM. Our hypothesis is therefore that women with GDM have a different HBM microbiota, which may influence the metabolic function and capacity of the child later in life. The aim of this study was to investigate whether women with GDM have a different breast milk microbiota 1–3 weeks postpartum compared to women without GDM.

Methods
In this case-control study, a total of 45 women were included: 18 women with GDM and 27 women without GDM. A milk sample was collected from each participant 1 to 3 weeks postpartum and the bacterial composition was examined by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V4 region.

Results
High relative abundances of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were present in samples from both women with and without GDM. No difference could be seen in either alpha diversity, beta diversity, or specific taxa between groups.

Conclusion
Our results did not support the existence of a GDM-associated breast milk microbiota at 1–3 weeks postpartum. Further research is needed to fully understand the development of the gut microbiota of infants born to mothers with GDM.
Prevalence, risks factors, and control of hypertension in Guinean older adults in 2021: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Camara Alioune , Koné Alpha , Millimono Thierno Mamadou , Sow Abdoulaye , Kaké Amadou , Preux Pierre-Marie , Balde Mamadou Dadhi , Jesus Pierre 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The incidence of arterial hypertension increases with the aging of the population, but its magnitude remains insufficiently assessed. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors in elderly people in Guinea.

Methods
Data were obtained from a cross-sectional general population survey, conducted among people aged ≥ 60 years. A stratified enumeration area random sample survey was conducted in the four natural regions of Guinea from February to April 2021. This study included an interview on sociodemographic data, and a clinical examination. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90mmHg or previous diagnosis of hypertension (with or without antihypertensive medication). Hypertension control was defined as blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg during treatment. Age-standardized prevalence was calculated, and logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with hypertension.

Results
A total of 1698 adults (1079 men, mean age: 71.6 ± 9.4 years) had at least two blood pressure measurements. The standardized prevalence of hypertension was 61.4% [95% CI: 61.3–61.6], ranging from 52% in Middle Guinea to 67% in Upper Guinea, and was higher in women (65.2%: 65.0-65.4) than in men (59.1%:58.9–59.3). Among those with hypertension, 46.7% were unaware of their condition before the survey and 49.6% were on treatment and only 18.5% had controlled hypertension. Whatever the residence (rural or urban), increasing age, being unmarried, working as a trader or functionary, jobless, living in upper Guinea, low monthly income, intake of extra salt, known diabetic, overweight, and obesity increased the risk of hypertension. In urban area, female sex (AOR: 1.14: 1.12–1.17), living in lower Guinea (AOR: 3.08: 2.97–3.20), being Maninka (AOR: 1.26: 1.21–1.31), being Nguerze (AOR: 1.71: 1.63–1.81) increased the risk of hypertension, but living in forest Guinea (AOR: 0.88: 0.83–0.93), being Soussou (AOR: 0.88: 0.85–0.92) decreased the risk. In rural area, living in forest Guinea (AOR: 2.14: 2.03–2.26), being Soussou (AOR: 1.14: 1.12–1.17) increased the risk of hypertension, but female sex (AOR: 0.96: 0.94–0.98), living in lower Guinea (AOR: 0.87: 0.85–0.89), being Maninka (AOR: 0.94: 0.92–0.97), being Nguerze (AOR: 0.50: 0.47–0.52) decreased the risk.

Conclusion
Hypertension is a major problem in the elderly population in Guinea, and the level of treatment and control in elderly with known hypertension is inadequate. The place of hypertension among cardiovascular diseases and the identification of associated factors underlines the need to develop innovative approaches to control this major risk factor.
Comparative study of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar decompression and traditional revision surgery in the treatment of symptomatic adjacent segment degeneration
Authors: Guo Jianwei , Lv Changlin , Bai Tianyu , Li Guanghui , Ji Xiangli , Zhu Kai , Zhang Guoqing , Ma Xuexiao , Sun Chong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the surgical outcomes and complications of Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Decompression (PELD) and traditional revision surgery in treating symptomatic Adjacent Segment Degeneration (ASD). This comparison aims to delineate the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, assisting spine surgeons in making informed surgical decisions.

Methods
66 patients with symptomatic ASD who failed conservative treatment for more than 1 month and received repeated lumbar surgery were retrospectively collected in the study from January 2015 to November 2018, with the average age of 65.86 ± 11.04 years old. According to the type of surgery they received, all the patients were divided in 2 groups, including 32 patients replaced the prior rod in Group A and 34 patients received PELD at the adjacent level in Group B. Patients were followed up routinely and received clinical and radiological evaluation at 3, 6, 12 months and yearly postoperatively. Complications and hospital costs were recorded through chart reviews.

Results
The majority of patients experienced positive surgical outcomes. However, three cases encountered complications. Notably, Group B patients demonstrated superior pain relief and improved postoperative functional scores throughout the follow-up period, alongside reduced hospital costs (P < 0.05). Additionally, significant reductions in average operative time, blood loss, and hospital stay were observed in Group B (P < 0.05). Notwithstanding these benefits, three patients in Group B experienced disc re-herniation and underwent subsequent revision surgeries.

Conclusions
While PELD offers several advantages over traditional revision surgery, such as reduced operative time, blood loss, and hospital stay, it also presents a higher likelihood of requiring subsequent revision surgeries. Future studies involving a larger cohort and extended follow-up periods are essential to fully assess the relative benefits and drawbacks of these surgical approaches for ASD.