bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic and Organic Systems of Management
Authors: BURNS TOM , STALKER G. M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter reviews the more general considerations which support the view that effective organization of industrial resources, even when considered in its rational aspects alone, does not approximate to one ideal type of management system, but alters in important respects in conformity with changes in extrinsic factors. These extrinsic factors are all identifiable as different rates of technical or market change. By ‘change’ is meant the appearance of novelties such as new scientific discoveries or technical inventions, and requirements for products of a kind not previously available or demanded.
Why Haldane Went to India: Modern Genetics in Quest of Tradition
Authors: Zimmermann Francis 
Published: October 2011

AbstractJohn Burdone Sandersone Haldane has contributed greatly to science as one of the founders of the mathematical theory of genetics. An advocate of Marxist ideas in science, he served as the Weldon Chair of Biometry at University College London before he resigned and moved to India in 1957. Initially, he worked and commenced research at the Indian Statistical Institute and worked for a while at the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Soon after that, he was able to found his own Genetics and Biometry Laboratory in Bhubaneswar. This chapter reflects on Haldane’s journey from England to India in his attempts to oppose the scientific paradigm that then dominated biology, and on how such efforts led to the pursuit of further studying the diversity of life. This chapter sets out the then dominant paradigms in science and analyzes them in contexts that reveal certain distorting effects. Also, the chapter describes how these underdeveloped forms of modern knowledge are to be perceived as attempts at reconstructing reality.
Expertise and Innovation
Authors: Fincham Robin , Fleck James , Procter Rob , Scarbrough Harry , Tierney Margaret , Williams Robin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe nature of technical expertise has become increasingly important and problematic in the postmodern era as structured hierarchies and production methods are revised. Financial services, one of our most important economic sectors, has also been confronting very high degrees of uncertainty that reflect great institutional and market changes. In this fluid and competitive environment, technological change — in particular the widening scope of information technology (IT) — has become vitally important. This book is about the strategic uses of IT in retail financial services. It is based on the Scottish part of the industry, a highly cohesive sector in its own right, but one with universal linkages to UK and global finance. A set of seven case studies forms the empirical base, while the study also focuses on key strategic projects within these case companies. The purpose is to understand how firms develop a strategic approach to IT. This hinges on the management of expertise — the ability to integrate detailed technological expertise with wider organizational and marketing goals. The book examines a number of themes around this key issue: the process of formation of IT strategy, sectorial influences on the implementation of computer-based systems, and the occupational and career factors that shape IT expertise.
Development, Patriarchy, and Politics: Indian Women in the Political Process, 1947–1992
Authors: Kasturi Leela 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Although the development of women in India entails, like that of other countries, national development, it is however important to realize that there are significant differences between the problems of women in rural areas with those of the urban areas. Aside from the diverse roles that women assume across community, class, and caste, there is also a need to consider the different personal law systems of the five dominant religions in the country: Muslim, Christian, Hindu, Parsee, and Jew. Also, while development plans avoid taking on issues for women's participation in economic and political affairs for national development, state policies offer different treatment to women of different categories. Through presenting three seminal documents from the period between 1940 to 1992, this chapter attempts to illustrate different dimensions of women's status in the context of the various women's movement that occurred throughout the years.
National Minorities and the European Nation-States System
Authors: Preece Jennifer Jackson 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The collapse of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet Union has resulted in a proliferation of discontented national minorities. Thus, the possibility for destabilising ethnic conflict has become acute. National minorities have accordingly emerged as a major focus of international relations in post-Cold War Europe. This book offers an innovative analysis of these developments. Scrutinising them within the historical context of changing practices and evolving norms, it reveals that the European national minority question is nothing new — rather its foundations extend deep into contemporary history. Moreover, the problem is intrinsically derivative of the nation-states system itself, a system which potentially intensifies minority disaffection. Examining these issues against the backdrop of relevant treaties, diplomatic negotiations, and international practices, this book presents an assessment of the fate of national minorities in the European states system.
The Peculiarities of German History
Authors: Blackbourn David , Eley Geoff 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This book investigates the role of bourgeoisie society and the political developments of the nineteenth century in the peculiarities of German history. Most historians attribute German exceptionalism to the failure or absence of bourgeois revolution in German history and the failure of the bourgeoisie to conquer the pre-industrial traditions of authoritarianism. However, this study finds that there was a bourgeois revolution in Germany, though not the traditional type. This so-called silent bourgeois revolution brought about the emergence and consolidation of the capitalist system based on the sanctity and disposability of private property and on production to meet individual needs through a system of exchange dominated by the market. In this connection, this book proposes a redefinition of the concept of bourgeois revolution to denote a broader pattern of material, institutional, legal, and intellectual changes whose cumulative effect was all the more powerful for coming to be seen as natural.
Introduction
Authors: Blackbourn David , Eley Geoff 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This introductory chapter explains the coverage of this book, which is about the peculiarities of German history, specifically bourgeois society and politics during the nineteenth century. This book explains the basic assumptions in German historiography and the German historians' views concerning the problems of bourgeois revolution. It evaluates the relation of bourgeoisie with liberalism and democracy and attempts to define the concept of state in Imperial Germany.
Resilience and its narratives
Authors: Bluglass Kerry 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter examines resilience and its narratives in relation to the palliative care sector. It discusses references to resilience in other fields to show that resilience and strengthening can be fostered, encouraged, and developed. It provides case studies of actual experiences of several children concerning resilience and palliative care and discusses relevant studies from social work and psychology, stress, and trauma.
Introduction
Authors: SIMONS PETER 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis book provides a connected account of the various kinds of mereology, or formal theory of part, whole, and related concepts, which exist in the literature. It also exposes the philosophical defects of most of this tradition, and suggests why, where, and how it should be put right. The standardly accepted formal theory of part-whole is classical extensional mereology, which is known in two logical guises, the Calculus of Individuals of Henry Leonard and Nelson Goodman, and the Mereology of Stanislaw Leśniewski. Despite the discrepancies between the underlying logics of these two approaches, there is a precise sense in which both say the same things about parts and wholes. The book also considers the mereology of continuants and brings modality and mereology together as they are found in the work of Edmund Husserl at the beginning of the century and later in that of Roderick Chisholm.
Access to Land via Land Rental Markets
Authors: Sadoulet Elisabetii , Murgai Rinku , Janvry Alian De 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn optimal operational farm size exists that may or may not be in compliance with the current household land endowments when economies of scale are present in production or in imperfect markets that concern the determinants of production. As such, land transfers between less productive to more productive households may be necessary since these may bring about improvements in efficiency. Although land rental markers and land sales both enable such transfers, it is important to note that the rental market is particularly important and more effective for the poor since tenancy plays no small part in any country's agriculture. This chapter looks into how rental contracts compensate for certain market failures that may be experienced by tenants, and that land rental markets also have various effects on welfare.
Global Justice
Authors: Jones Charles 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWhat obligations do the world's wealthy people have to ensure that the world's poor achieve a quality of life that is recognisably human? This is the fundamental question of international distributive justice, and surprisingly a question that has been the subject of serious debate only in the past three decades. This book outlines and evaluates the main competing moral perspectives framing these debates, assessing the relative merits of the utilitarian, human rights, and neo-Kantian perspectives before answering the nationalist, patriotic, relativist, and constitutivist challenges to moral universalism. The book defends a form of cosmopolitanism involving a commitment to basic human rights, and provides both a guide to the state of the art in disputes about global justice, and a distinctive defense of the moral case for change in the international system.
6 Gladstone and a Liberal Theory of International Relations
Authors: Ceadel Martin 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
A distinctive feature of the political culture of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Britain was its receptivity to the liberal or idealist approach to international relations, which assumed that the unruly flow of international politics could be canalised into a set of logically impregnable abstract formulae inspired by the doctrines of nineteenth-century liberal democracy. Even as liberalism collapsed as an autonomous force in domestic politics during the 1920s and early 1930s, its optimistic vision of international relations gained broad acceptance. That W. E. Gladstone anticipated this internationalist idealism was asserted as early as the interwar period. Without the Gladstonian legacy of moderate interventionism and faith in the public law of Europe, British Liberalism would have been either more Cobdenite or more defencist in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-centuries and to that extent less enthusiastic about the League idea.
The Art and Science of Marketing
Authors: Dowling Grahame 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
If an organization has customers, it needs to understand marketing. To achieve the best results from marketing requires a subtle blend of art and science. It can also benefit from recommendations for practice rather than lists of options from which to choose. The art of marketing comes from the doing of marketing — implementing programs to attain and retain customers, and seeing what actually works. This is the province of marketing managers, direct marketers, advertisers, and consultants. The examples of good and bad practice used throughout this book illustrate this approach. The science of marketing comes from research — about markets, customers, competitors, and how effectively various types of marketing programs work. This is the province of academics and market researchers. The science of marketing provides the foundations for good marketing practice. Sometimes this science is ignored in the rush to embrace new ideas and technologies. For example, the long scientific history of the adoption and diffusion of innovations says that the Internet will take a long time to fundamentally change the way large numbers of customers buy their products and services. If more managers and investors had understood this, then many dot. coms would not have become dot. bombs. This book blends art and science to provide insight for marketing managers about how to implement marketing more effectively to both create and capture the value of the offers they make to their target customers. In the process it questions the usefulness of some of the more recent marketing fads.
Market Disciplines
Authors: Johnson Paul 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The Victorian economy was a market economy like no other — bigger, faster, richer, and more encompassing than man had previously seen. The tentacles of the market spread to every town and village, to every shop, to every place of work, binding buyers and sellers in a relationship of mutual exchange. This chapter examines the shifting attitudes towards market efficiency and effectiveness. It looks at a number of dilemmas about the working of their market system that exercised the thoughts of Victorians. What did they say, and what did they do, when the discipline of the market appeared too harsh or too lax, and how, and in whose interests, did they attempt to restrain or redirect this discipline? In three separate sections, the chapter considers cases of market discipline, of market indiscipline, and at ways in which the market itself was disciplined from outside.
Criminology's Place in the Academic Field
Authors: Garland David 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter argues that criminology will tend to become more inward-looking and will lose its vital connection to the more basic disciplines as it grows more autonomous, institutionally and intellectually; as it increasingly trains recruits by immersing them primarily in its own literature; as its practitioners focus more and more on criminology's own research agendas; and as they proceed to publish only in its own journals. The possibility of an ‘independent’ criminology ought to be regarded as a temptation to be resisted rather than a goal to be embraced. Instead of aspiring to an autonomous discipline, those of us who conduct criminological research and scholarship should work for a criminology that is intellectually and institutionally integrated in the wider university. It advocates a vision of criminology that would operate as a multi-disciplinary, policy-oriented subject, addressing problems of crime, criminal justice, security, and punishment in a variety of ways and drawing upon a range of academic disciplines.
The Missing Link: Criminological Perspectives on Transitional Justice and International Crimes
Authors: Parmentier Stephan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter reflects on how criminology can and should expand its scientific attention into areas of mass-scale violent conflict. After a brief account of the subject at hand it gives a summary of existing criminological research on international crimes, before sketching some challenges for the future of criminology. It is argued that criminology must meet the challenge of these kinds of crimes if it is to remain a vital and relevant discipline.
Intention and Identity
Authors: Finnis John 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This volume contains nineteen published and unpublished chapters from 1987 to 2009. They are grouped into four parts. The chapters in the first part examine the ways in which being a person grounds the equality of all human beings, acknowledged as law's point even in Roman law and, rather shakily, in modern legal theory (Kelsen, Hart, Dworkin); legal rules can be seen as relationships between persons; persons are primary bearers of meaning and objects of legal interpretation, various aspects of personal identity (both natural and acquired by self-determination) are depicted by Aquinas and Shakespeare (better than Locke); and the reality of human spirit and dignity was vindicated by Elizabeth Anscombe's account of even simple physical gestures. Part Two groups four chapters. The first two carefully analyse what is involved in any group's acting and, consequently, its existence as a group, taking off from Hart's and Dworkin's inconclusive discussions of corporate persons, Honoré's showing of the importance of links and interaction, Thomas Nagel's attempt to distinguish public from private morality, and Scruton's elaborate discussion of corporate persons. The second two seek to show the importance and conditions for nations and national identity, in the face of arguments for a cosmopolitan morality, and of Dworkin's and Raz's arguments about respect and insult. Part Three is the longest part and the seven chapters include close studies of the idea of intention (and of willing, more generally) in Aquinas (poorly understood by many modern theologians, but centre on equally close analysis of intention (including conditional intention) in recent English criminal law, in Anglo-American law of torts, in recent English anti-discrimination law, and more generally. Part Four is about individuality or identity in early human embryonic existence, and in the severely injured conditions often called ‘brain death’ (as discussed by Peter Singer) or, less severe, ‘permanent vegetative syndrome’ (as judicially discussed in Bland).
Religion and Public Reasons
Authors: Finnis John 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe twenty-four chapters in this volume seek to argue for and illustrate a central element in the author's theory of natural law: that the main tenets of personal and political morality, and of a good legal order, are taught both by reason (arguments accessible to everyone) and by authentic divine revelation (teachings accessible to all who have a reasonable faith in its witnesses). The first Part includes eight chapters. Two attend to the idea of public reason, both in its proper sense and its Rawlsian deformation. One vindicates in outline for treating a religion as part of public reason, and for giving constitutional protection to religions (within due limits now being tested by the emergence of a politically aggressive religion in Western societies). One takes up Plato's warning about the political evils of some kinds of secularism, another surveys the principles of a sound relation between religion and state, and the last addresses Catholics about their participation in liberal discourse and politics. The nine chapters in Part Two include a substantial engagement with the relativizing idea of ‘historical consciousness’ and a variety of reflections (including three sermons) on the preambles to acceptance of revelation and on the content of Judeo-Christian revelation. The main chapter in Part Three studies Newman's idea of conscience in his debate with Gladstone. The seven chapters in Part Four, Controversies, are contributions to debates about world order, natural law, nuclear deterrence, the ‘consistent ethic of life’, the ‘culture of death’, contraception, and hell.
7 ‘On the Side of Righteousness’: Women, the Church, and Abolition
Authors: Robertson Stacey 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis chapter argues that the cooperative, open environment of the Old Northwest allowed women abolitionists to thrive in church-oriented and political anti-slavery. It explores how Unitarian, Presbyterian, and Congregational women articulated their anti-slavery sentiment within their churches, sometimes trying to build opposition to slavery where none had previously existed. Other women felt betrayed by their ministers' failure to preach the abolitionist message and abandoned them to form new churches. With the rise of anti-slavery splinter churches that supported the Liberty Party, women found spiritual avenues for engaging in partisanship. This increased civic involvement challenged common assumptions about the meaning of public and private.
Article 18 of the 1969 Vienna Convention: A Vague and Ineffective Obligation or a Useful Means for Strengthening Legal Cooperation?
Authors: Palchetti Paolo 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Under Article 18 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, a State which has signed or ratified a treaty has the obligation to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of that treaty prior to its entry into force. Vagueness and ineffectiveness are often indicated as the two major shortcomings affecting the obligation laid down in Article 18. This chapter assesses whether such criticism is justified. More comprehensively, it endeavours to reassess the impact Article 18 has had on State practice over the forty years since the adoption of Vienna Convention. Its major finding is that, while Article 18 seems to suffer from certain shortcomings, which inevitably weaken its normative force, it is by no means a rule devoid of any practical relevance, particularly if one takes into account the increasing recourse to this provision in cases before domestic courts.
Is the management procedure approach equipped to handle short-lived pelagic species with their boom and bust dynamics? The case of the South African fishery for sardine and anchovy
Authors: de Moor Carryn L. , Butterworth Douglas S. , De Oliveira José A. A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
de Moor, C. L., Butterworth, D. S., and De Oliveira, J. A. A. 2011. Is the management procedure approach equipped to handle short-lived pelagic species with their boom and bust dynamics? The case of the South African fishery for sardine and anchovy. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 2075–2085. Worldwide, small shoaling pelagic fish manifest rapid and substantial natural changes in abundance. Is the application of a management procedure (MP), evaluated using simulation tests [i.e. a MP approach otherwise known as management strategy evaluation (MSE)], to recommend total allowable catches (TACs) with constraints desired by industry on the extent of interannual changes viable for such resources, particularly given the customarily lengthy MP evaluation process? This question is examined by considering the rapid boom and then bust situation that arose for the South African fishery for sardine (Sardinops sagax) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) across the turn of the century. Novel adaptations to the MP in place at the time of the boom allowed enhanced resource use during the boom period without compromising the risk of unintended depletion of the populations. Importantly a two-tier threshold system allowed the normal constraints on the maximum extent of interannual TAC reduction to be modified when TACs rose above the specified thresholds. The general protocol underlying the application of MPs for South African fisheries proved sufficiently flexible for the approach to continue to be applied, despite the unanticipated rapid fish population boom and then bust experienced.