bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance assessment of novel side firing flexible optical fibers for dental applications
Authors: George Roy , Walsh Laurence J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveUse of lasers in dentistry in root canals of teeth and in periodontal pockets for disinfection would be more effective if energy was delivered laterally. This study examined the energy emission profiles of fibers modified in various ways to enhance their lateral emissions for dental use.Materials and MethodsCommercial optical fibers were altered by tube etching with hydrofluoric acid, modified tube etching (after removing the protective polyimide coating), alumina abrasive particle beams, and by etching and particle beams used in combination. Three free‐running pulsed infrared lasers (Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, and Er,Cr:YSGG) were employed to test the modified fibers, with 25 fibers for each laser (modified or unmodified). Surface topography of fibers was examined using SEM. Laser emissions forward and laterally were measured, and thermally sensitive paper used to record the emission profiles. Visible tracing of emissions was undertaken using coaxial He–Ne or InGaAsP diode laser emissions.ResultsThe etching/abrasion/etching combination gave a unique honeycomb surface configuration with grating‐like properties, whilst etching alone gave a conical end. Conical and honeycomb tips showed greater lateral and lower forward emissions compared with plain fibers, with fourfold improvements in lateral emission. The most regular lateral emissions were from the honeycomb configuration.ConclusionThe honeycomb and the conical fiber modifications show dramatic improvements in lateral emissions. The unique emission profile obtained for the honeycomb fibers could play a significant role in increasing the efficiency of laser delivery for endodontic and periodontal applications in dentistry, as well as in other fields. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:214–221, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Method for disruption and re‐canalization of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary vessels with photothermal bubbles generated around gold nanoparticles
Authors: Lukianova‐Hleb Ekaterina Y. , Mrochek Alexander G. , Lapotko Dmitri O. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRapid and safe re‐canalization of totally occluded coronary vessels, especially those with the calcified plaques, represent a challenge for cardiology.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe have suggested to employ photothermal microbubbles (PTMBs) that are generated around injected to plaque or thrombus gold nanoparticles with a short laser pulse for selective mechanical disruption and removal of the plaque tissue and without thermal and mechanical damage to arterial wall. PTMBs were generated in vitro around 30–250 nm gold spheres and with 10 nanoseconds laser pulse at 532 nm in three models: the layer of the living fibroblasts, the epoxy layers, and human arteries with plaques.ResultsIn all three models, complete removal of the material was observed after 1–10 single laser pulses. The size of cleared zones (20–220 µm) was found to be 500–1,000 times bigger than the size of the nanoparticles applied. PTMB generation did not increase the temperature of the microenvironment outside PTMB and the debris size was below 2 µm.ConclusionsNew proposed method for non‐thermal mechanical and localized removal of plaque tissue with PTMB can provide safe and rapid re‐canalization of totally occluded and calcified arteries without collateral damage. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:240–247, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low‐energy laser irradiation promotes synovial fibroblast proliferation by modulating p15 subcellular localization
Authors: Taniguchi Daigo , Dai Ping , Hojo Tatsuya , Yamaoka Yoshihisa , Kubo Toshikazu , Takamatsu Tetsuro 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLow‐energy laser irradiation (low‐level laser therapy) (LELI/LLLT/photobiomodulation) has been found to modulate various biological effects, especially those involved in promoting cell proliferation. Synovial fibroblasts are important in maintaining the homeostasis of articular joints and have strong chondrogenetic capacity. Here, we investigated the effect and molecular basis of LELI on synovial fibroblast proliferation.Study Design/Materials and MethodsHIG‐82 rabbit synovial fibroblasts were cultured, and laser irradiation (660 nm) was applied at the power density of 40 mW/cm2 for 2 minutes, corresponding to laser fluence of 4.8 J/cm2. The effect of LELI on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) were investigated. We also examined whether the effects of LELI on HIG‐82 cell proliferation were affected by cAMP content, which is known to influence the cell cycle via inducing CKIs.ResultsLELI promoted HIG‐82 synovial fibroblast proliferation and induced cytoplasmic localization of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p15 (INK4B/CDKN2B). Moreover, the proliferation of HIG‐82 synovial fibroblasts was reduced by cAMP, while cAMP inhibitor, SQ22536, induced p15 cytoplasmic localization and as a result, elevated synovial fibroblast proliferation was observed. In addition, the promotive effect of LELI‐induced HIG‐82 synovial fibroblast proliferation was abolished by cAMP treatment. Our findings suggest that cAMP may be involved in the effect of LELI on synovial fibroblast proliferation.ConclusionWe revealed the effect and molecular link involved in synovial fibroblast proliferation induced by 660‐nm LELI. Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms by which LELI has biological effects on synovial fibroblast proliferation. These insights may contribute to further investigation on biological effects and application of LELI in regenerative medicine. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:232–239, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increase of neuronal sprouting and migration using 780 nm laser phototherapy as procedure for cell therapy
Authors: Rochkind Shimon , El‐Ani Dalia , Nevo Zvi , Shahar Abraham 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe present study focuses on the effect of 780 nm laser irradiation on the growth of embryonic rat brain cultures embedded in NVR‐Gel (cross‐linked hyaluronic acid with adhesive molecule laminin and several growth factors). Dissociated neuronal cells were first grown in suspension attached to cylindrical microcarriers (MCs). The formed floating cell‐MC aggregates were subsequently transferred into stationary cultures in gel and then laser treated. The response of neuronal growth following laser irradiation was investigated.Materials and MethodsWhole brains were dissected from 16 days Sprague–Dawley rat embryos. Cells were mechanically dissociated, using narrow pipettes, and seeded on positively charged cylindrical MCs. After 4–14 days in suspension, the formed floating cell‐MC aggregates were seeded as stationary cultures in NVR‐Gel. Single cell‐MC aggregates were either irradiated with near‐infrared 780 nm laser beam for 1, 4, or 7 minutes, or cultured without irradiation. Laser powers were 10, 30, 50, 110, 160, 200, and 250 mW.Results780 nm laser irradiation accelerated fiber sprouting and neuronal cell migration from the aggregates. Furthermore, unlike control cultures, the irradiated cultures (mainly after 1 minute irradiation of 50 mW) were already established after a short time of cultivation. They contained a much higher number of large size neurons (P<0.01), which formed dense branched interconnected networks of thick neuronal fibers.Conclusions780 nm laser phototherapy of embryonic rat brain cultures embedded in hyaluronic acid—laminin gel and attached to positively charged cylindrical MCs, stimulated migration and fiber sprouting of neuronal cells aggregates, developed large size neurons with dense branched interconnected network of neuronal fibers and, therefore, can be considered as potential procedure for cell therapy of neuronal injury or disease. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:277–281, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of low‐level laser therapy on proliferation and differentiation of murine bone marrow cells into osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Authors: Bouvet‐Gerbettaz Sébastien , Merigo Elisabetta , Rocca Jean‐Paul , Carle Georges F. , Rochet Nathalie 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLow‐Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has been suggested to improve bone tissue healing. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this effect are still unclear but bone cell proliferation and differentiation alteration have been proposed. The aim of the present study was to investigate, in vitro, the effect of LLLT on bone cell proliferation, osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation, both involved in bone remodeling and regeneration.Study Design/Materials and MethodsMurine bone marrow cells, which contain both osteoblast and osteoclast progenitors, were cultured and induced to differentiate in the absence or in the presence of LLLT. Laser exposition parameters were determined using a powermeter and consisted in an 808 nm infrared wavelength laser light in continuous mode, with an energy density of 4 J/cm2 administered three times a week. Cell proliferation and differentiation were assessed after specific staining and microscopic analysis of the cultures after various times, as well as by quantitative RT‐PCR analysis of a panel of osteoblast and osteoclast markers after nucleic acid extraction.ResultsThe use of a powermeter revealed that the power emitted by the optical fiber of the laser device was markedly reduced compared to the displayed power. This allowed to adjust the LLLT parameters to a final energy density exposure of 4 J/cm2. In these conditions, proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as well as osteoclast or osteoblast differentiation of the corresponding progenitors were found similar in control and LLLT conditions.ConclusionUsing the present experimental protocol, we concluded that an 808 nm wavelength infrared LLLT does not alter murine bone progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. Moreover our results confirm the necessary use of a powermeter to fix LLLT protocol parameters. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:291–297, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ALA‐PDT results in phenotypic changes and decreased cellular invasion in surviving cancer cells
Authors: Tsai Tsuimin , Ji Hong Tai , Chiang Pei‐Chi , Chou Ruey‐Hwang , Chang Wun‐Shaing Wayne , Chen Chin‐Tin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe mechanisms of photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been studied on the cellular and tissue levels. However, the cellular behaviors of cancer cells survived from PDT are still not clear. This study attempted to investigate the influence of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA)‐based PDT on the invasion ability as well as molecular changes in surviving cancer cells and their progeny.Materials and MethodsThe systematic effects of ALA‐PDT were evaluated using human invasive carcinoma cells (lung adenocarcinoma CL1‐5 cells, melanoma A375 cells and breast carcinoma MDA‐MB‐231 cells). To study the cellular behaviors of surviving cancer cells, PDT‐derived variants were established as stable cell lines after consecutive treatment with ALA‐PDT. Scratch wound assay and invasion assay were performed to evaluate the migration and invasion ability in the surviving cancer cells and the established PDT‐derived variants. RT‐PCR and immunoblot analysis were performed to examine the expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).ResultsThough ALA‐PDT caused differential phototoxicity among these invasive carcinoma cells, reduced migration was found in all the surviving cancer cells Compared to parental cancer cells, the established PDT‐derived variants exerted significant phenotypic changes of cellular morphology, reduced mitochondrial function and a suppressed cellular invasiveness. Furthermore, correlated with the reduced invasion ability, expression of EGFR was downregulated in these established PDT‐derived variants.ConclusionsExcept for direct cell killing, ALA‐PDT could reduce EGFR expression and invasion ability of the surviving cancer cells and these effects could further pass to the progeny. The results from this study provide insights into a new mechanism by which PDT might affect cellular behaviors and tumor metastasis. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:305–315, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low level light effects on inflammatory cytokine production by rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes
Authors: Yamaura Maki , Yao Min , Yaroslavsky Ilya , Cohen Richard , Smotrich Michael , Kochevar Irene E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLow level light therapy (LLLT) is being evaluated for treating chronic and acute pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory diseases. The mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of LLLT for pain relief in RA are not clear. The objectives of this study were to determine whether LLLT decreased production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by cells from RA joints, and, if so, to identify cellular mechanisms.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSynoviocytes from RA patients were treated with 810 nm radiation before or after addition of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). mRNA for TNF‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8 was measured after 30, 60, and 180 minutes using RT‐PCR. Intracellular and extracellular protein levels for 12 cytokines/chemokines were measured at 4, 8, and 24 hours using multiplexed ELISA. NF‐κB activation was detected using Western blotting to follow degradation of IκBα and nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF‐κB.ResultsRadiation at 810 nm (5 J/cm2) given before or after TNF‐α decreases the mRNA level of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in RA synoviocytes. This treatment using 25 J/cm2 also decreases the intracellular levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐8 protein but did not affect the levels of seven other cytokines/chemokines. TNF‐α‐induced activation of NF‐κB is not altered by 810 nm radiation using 25 J/cm2.ConclusionsThe mechanism for relieving joint pain in RA by LLLT may involve reducing the level of pro‐inflammatory cytokines/chemokines produced by synoviocytes. This mechanism may be more general and underlie the beneficial effects of LLLT on other inflammatory conditions. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:282–290, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cisplatin resistance conferred by the RAD51D (E233G) genetic variant is dependent upon p53 status in human breast carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Nadkarni Aditi , Rajesh Preeti , Ruch Randall J. , Pittman Douglas L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRAD51D, a paralog of the mammalian RAD51 gene, contributes towards maintaining genomic integrity by homologous recombination DNA repair and telomere maintenance. A RAD51D variant, E233G, was initially identified as a potential susceptibility allele in high‐risk, site‐specific, familial breast cancer. We describe in this report that the Rad51d (E233G) genetic variant confers increased cisplatin resistance and cell growth phenotypes in human breast carcinoma cell lines with a mutant p53 gene (BT20 and T47D) but not with a wild‐type p53 gene (MCF‐7). Treatment with a p53 specific inhibitor, pifithrin α, restored this resistant phenotype in the MCF‐7 cell line. Additionally, Rad51d (E233G) conferred increased cisplatin resistance of an MCF7 cell line in which p53 expression was stably knocked down by shRNAp53, indicating that the effect of this variant is dependent upon p53 status. Further study of Rad51d (E233G) will provide mechanistic insight towards the role of RAD51D in cellular response to anticancer agents and as a potential target for cancer therapy. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR data for new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from Kadsura oblongifolia
Authors: Liu Hai‐Tao , Xu Li‐Jia , Peng Yong , Yang Jun‐Shan , Yang Xiu‐Wei , Xiao Pei‐Gen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTwo new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, named kadoblongifolins A (1) and B (2), and one new natural product dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, named kadoblongifolin C (3), were isolated from the stems of Kadsura oblongifolia (K. oblongifolia), together with five known ones, schizanrin F (4), propinquanin C (5), schisantherin G (6), heteroclitin Q (7), kadsurarin (8). The structures of these new lignans were elucidated by a combination of high‐resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry (HR‐EI‐MS), 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY spectra. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New mutation of the Na channel in the severe form of potassium‐aggravated myotonia
Authors: Kubota Tomoya , Kinoshita Masanobu , Sasaki Ryogen , Aoike Futoshi , Takahashi Masanori P. , Sakoda Saburo , Hirose Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMyotonia manifests in several hereditary diseases, including hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HyperPP), paramyotonia congenita (PMC), and potassium‐aggravated myotonia (PAM). These are allelic disorders originating from missense mutations in the gene that codes the skeletal muscle sodium channel, Nav1.4. Moreover, a severe form of PAM has been designated as myotonia permanens. A new mutation of Nav1.4, Q1633E, was identified in a Japanese family presenting with the PAM phenotype. The proband suffered from cyanotic attacks during infancy. The mutated amino acid residue is located on the EF‐hand calcium‐binding motif in the intracellular C‐terminus. A functional analysis of the mutant channel using the voltage‐clamp method revealed disruption of fast inactivation, a slower rate of current decay, and a depolarized shift in the voltage dependence of availability. This study has identified a new mutation of PAM with a severe phenotype and emphasizes the importance of the C‐terminus for fast inactivation of the sodium channel. Muscle Nerve 39: 666–673, 2009
A novel and simple method for genotyping the mdx mouse using high‐resolution melt polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Trebbin Andrea L. , Hoey Andrew J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe mdx mouse mutation arises from a C‐to‐T point mutation, which terminates the translation of dystrophin and results in the loss of a functional dystrophin protein. mdx mice are used widely in studies of the role of dystrophin and of potential treatments for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, thus accurate genotyping is essential. Current methods require labor‐intensive efforts and can often lead to misconstrued results. This study describes a simple and highly reliable, sensitive, and user‐friendly, high‐resolution melt (HRM) assay that is able to utilize DNA obtained from a variety of sources in order to genotype the known sequence variant of the mdx mouse. Muscle Nerve 39: 603–608, 2009
Age‐related fatigue resistance in the knee extensor muscles is specific to contraction mode
Authors: Callahan Damien M. , Foulis Stephen A. , Kent‐Braun Jane A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe question of whether skeletal muscle fatigue is preserved or enhanced in older adults is a point of controversy. Disparate findings may be attributed to differences in subject population and study protocols, including contraction mode. The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that healthy older (65–80 years of age, 8 males and 8 females) adults who were matched to young adults (21–35 years of age; 8 males and 8 females) with similar physical activity levels would: (1) fatigue less during isometric knee extensor (KE) contractions, but (2) would show similar fatigue during dynamic KE contractions performed at 120° s−1. Fatigue was induced with 4 minutes of intermittent, isometric, or dynamic maximal voluntary contractions, performed on separate days. Electrically stimulated contractions were used to evaluate central activation during both fatigue protocols. Older subjects maintained a higher percentage of baseline maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) torque than young subjects during isometric contractions (mean ± SE: 71 ± 3% and 57 ± 3%, respectively, P < 0.01). In contrast, there was no difference between age groups in torque maintenance during dynamic contractions (43 ± 3% and 44 ± 3%, respectively, P = 0.86). For both groups, changes in electrically stimulated and voluntary contractions followed similar trends, suggesting that central activation did not play a role in the age‐related differences in fatigue. Fatigue during the isometric protocol was associated with fatigue during the dynamic protocol in the young group only (r = 0.62, P = 0.01), suggesting that distinct mechanisms influence fatigue during isometric and dynamic contractions in older adults. Muscle Nerve 39: 692–702, 2009
Measurement of platelet‐derived microparticle levels using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in polymyositis and dermatomyositis patients
Authors: Shirafuji Toshihiko , Hamaguchi Hirotoshi , Higuchi Masatsugu , Kanda Fumio 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPlatelet‐derived microparticle (PDMP) levels were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to elucidate the role of platelet activation in patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis (PM/DM). PDMP levels in active PM/DM patients (median 13.3 U/ml, interquartile range 9.9–20.7 U/ml, n = 16) and those in patients undergoing treatment (12.1 U/ml, 7.4–16.7 U/ml, n = 12) were significantly higher than in controls (6.5 U/ml, 5.0–8.4 U/ml, n = 26, vs. active, P = 0.0001; vs. treatment, P = 0.004). In a paired sampling study, PDMP decreased significantly after glucocorticoid treatment (P = 0.04). PDMP in the active PM/DM patients correlated significantly with serum C‐reactive protein levels (rs = 0.67, P = 0.01). These results suggest that platelets may play an important role in the inflammatory process, and that PDMP level could be a useful marker of inflammatory activity in PM/DM patients. Muscle Nerve 39: 586–590, 2009
Evidence for intermuscle difference in postactivation potentiation in the human triceps surae: A mechanomyographic study
Authors: Miyamoto Naokazu , Fukunaga Tetsuo , Kawakami Yasuo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study compared the postactivation potentiation of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus muscles by using mechanomyography (MMG). Twitch responses were evoked by stimulating the posterior tibial nerve with supramaximal intensity before and after a 10‐s maximal voluntary plantar flexion, and potentiation of each muscle was evaluated by peak‐to‐peak amplitude of the MMG signal. The MG showed greater potentiation than the soleus, reflecting the reported fiber type composition of these muscles. This result points to the possibility that one can delineate contrasting responses of synergist muscles to postactivation potentiation by this method. Muscle Nerve 39: 703–706, 2009
Interface‐tailored and nanoengineered polymeric materials for (opto)electronic devices
Authors: Ma Hong , Liu Michelle S , Jen Alex K‐Y 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFor plastic (opto)electronic devices such as light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), photovoltaic (PV) cells and field‐effect transistors (FETs), the processes of charge (hole/electron) injection, charge transport, charge recombination (exciton formation), charge separation (exciton diffusion and dissociation) and charge collection are critical to enhance their performance. Most of these processes are relevant to nanoscale and interfacial phenomena. In this review, we highlight the state‐of‐the‐art developments of interface‐tailored and nanoengineered polymeric materials to optimize the performance of (opto)electronic devices. These include (1) interfacial engineering of anode and cathode for polymer LEDs; (2) nanoengineered (C60 and inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles) π‐conjugated polymeric materials for PV cells; and (3) polymer and monolayer dielectrics/interfaces for FETs and light‐emitting and nano‐FETs. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry