bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tolerance and addiction; the patient, the parent or the clinician?
Authors: Jenkins Ian A. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryTolerance has been recognized for some time where chronic exposure to certain drugs, particularly benzodiazepines and opioids, is associated with apparent tachyphylaxis. When these drugs are stopped or progressively reduced as in ‘tapering’, withdrawal symptoms may result. Tolerance and the flip side of the coin, withdrawal, are the determinants of addiction. It is increasingly apparent that tolerance can occur acutely, even within the time span of a single anesthetic for a surgical procedure. Addiction is caused by agents, foreign to the body, that provoke adaptation by homeostatic biological processes. When these agents are withdrawn, the adaptive mechanisms, devoid of substrate, take time to diminish and produce symptoms recognizable under the term of ‘withdrawal’. Children may be exposed to these agents in different ways;in utero, as a result of substances that the mother ingests by enteral, parenteral or inhalational means that are transmitted to the infant via the placenta; as a result of an anesthetic for surgery; or as a result of sedation and analgesia administered to offset the stresses and trauma inherent from intensive care treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit or pediatric intensive care unit. Additionally, anesthetic and intensive care staff are exposed to powerful and addictive drugs as part of everyday practice, not simply by overt access, but also by subliminal environmental exposure.
Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in children: a review of the experience with paediatric patients in a University Hospital
Authors: Ferrándiz‐Pulido C. , García‐Fernández D. , Domínguez‐Sampedro P. , García‐Patos V. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground  Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life‐threatening drug reactions considered to be part of the spectrum of a single pathological process.Objective  To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of SJS/TEN in children attended at our hospital.Materials and methods  Retrospective study of children diagnosed with SJS/TEN between 1999 and 2009 in a University Hospital provided with regional‐level burn and paediatric intensive care units.Results  We found 14 paediatric patients (eight SJS and six TEN). They presented an average of 60% of the body surface area affected and 31% of epidermal sloughing. The average of suspected drugs was 1.7 per patient, anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, phenytoin and lamotrigine) and antibiotics (penicillin and macrolides) being the most frequent ones. Silver sulfadiazine was the topical treatment most frequently used, 86% of patients received systemic steroids and 28.5% intravenous immunoglobulins. One patient died.Conclusions  The SJS/TEN complex is a true dermatological critical condition that also affects children. Any drug can be the causative agent, more frequently anticonvulsants and antibiotics. Depending on the extension of the affected body surface, patients should be rapidly admitted to a critical care area with experience in the care of burn patients. Discontinuation of the suspected offending drugs is mandatory. Optimal supportive care and management of denuded skin areas are still the mainstay of treatment. The use of specific therapies remains controversial. Compared with adults, the disease in children seems to be milder with lower mortality.
Acne‐associated syndromes: models for better understanding of acne pathogenesis
Authors: Chen W , Obermayer‐Pietsch B , Hong J‐B , Melnik BC , Yamasaki O , Dessinioti C , Ju Q , Liakou AI , Al‐Khuzaei S , Katsambas A , Ring J , Zouboulis CC 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAcne, one of the most common skin disorders, is also a cardinal component of many systemic diseases or syndromes. Their association illustrates the nature of these diseases and is indicative of the pathogenesis of acne. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and seborrhoea‐acne‐hirsutism‐androgenetic alopecia (SAHA) syndrome highlight the role of androgen steroids, while polycystic ovary (PCO) and hyperandrogenism‐insulin resistance‐acanthosis nigricans (HAIR‐AN) syndromes indicate insulin resistance in acne. Apert syndrome with increased fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) signalling results in follicular hyperkeratinization and sebaceous gland hypertrophy in acne. Synovitis‐acne‐pustulosis‐hyperostosis‐osteitis (SAPHO) and pyogenic arthritis‐pyoderma gangrenosum‐acne (PAPA) syndromes highlight the attributes of inflammation to acne formation. Advances in the understanding of the manifestation and molecular mechanisms of these syndromes will help to clarify acne pathogenesis and develop novel therapeutic modalities.
SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AND STOCK RETURNS
Authors: Lockwood Larry , Prombutr Wikrom 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe examine relations between sustainable growth and stock returns over 1964–2007. Findings indicate that high sustainable growth firms tend to have low default risk, low book‐to‐market ratios, and low subsequent returns. Of the four sustainable growth components, we find that the net profit margin is the major determinant of subsequent returns. Results persist after controlling for asset growth and capital expenditure growth. Additional tests indicate that the sustainable growth effect is attributable to risk and not to mispricing.
Medication Adherence and Healthcare Costs among Fibromyalgia Patients Treated with Duloxetine
Authors: Zhao Yang , Chen Shih‐Yin , Wu Ning , Fraser Kimberly A. , Boulanger Luke 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjective:  The study aims to examine predictors associated with duloxetine adherence and its association with healthcare costs among fibromyalgia patients.Methods:  Administrative claims from both commercially and Medicare supplemental‐insured fibromyalgia patents aged 18+ who initiated duloxetine in 2006 were analyzed. Initiation was defined as a 90‐day clean period without duloxetine. The dispense date of the first duloxetine prescription was denoted as the index date. Two cohorts were constructed based on duloxetine adherence over the 12‐month postindex period (high adherence as medication possession ratio ≥ 0.8). Predictors of high adherence were examined via logistic regression. Generalized linear regressions were performed to estimate the association between duloxetine adherence and healthcare costs.Results:  A total of 4,869 commercially and 566 Medicare supplemental‐insured fibromyalgia patients were identified. Two‐thirds of patients had low adherence. Higher duloxetine average daily dose (ADD) was associated with increased adherence (reference group = 30 mg; Commercial: Odds ratio [OR] = 3.03, 2.40, and 3.73 for 31 to 59 mg, 60 mg, and > 60 mg, respectively, all P < 0.05; Medicare supplemental: OR = 3.11, 2.33, and 4.76 for 31 to 59 mg, 60 mg, and >60 mg, respectively, all P < 0.05). Commercially insured patients with high adherence had significantly lower total healthcare costs than low‐adherence patients (−$1,164, P < 0.05), primarily because of lower inpatient (−$2,222, P < 0.05) and outpatient (−$1,075, P < 0.05) costs. Medicare supplemental‐insured patients with high adherence had similar overall and inpatient costs, but significantly lower outpatient costs (−$2,025, P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Fibromyalgia patients with higher duloxetine ADD were more likely to adhere to the therapy. High duloxetine adherence was associated with lower (Commercial) or similar (Medicare supplemental) healthcare costs.
Herpes Zoster Pain, Postherpetic Neuralgia, and Quality of Life in the Elderly
Authors: Pickering Gisèle , Leplege Alain 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHerpes zoster pain and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) particularly affect older persons. This literature review presents how quality of life is evaluated and the consequences of shingles and PHN on the quality of life of older persons. Although more than 150 articles have been published on herpes zoster and its consequences, specific studies focusing on the older population are needed, in several domains like epidemiology, preventive medicine, neuropsychology, and pharmacology.
Anesthesiologists' Views on Using Immune Modulating Drugs in Pain Medicine
Authors: Goebel Andreas , DuToit Nadia , Perez Jordi , Huygen Frank 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWith few exceptions, anesthesiologists have not received training in the use of immune modulating drugs (IMDs); but recent evidence suggests that such drugs may be effective in reducing chronic pain. We therefore wished to learn how anesthesiologists working in pain medicine might envisage the treatment of their patients with IMDs in the future. We expected that anesthesiologists would want to refer patients for treatment with IMDs to medical colleagues, such as oncologists or rheumatologists, with prior experience in using these drugs, rather than treat these patients within their own practice. We conducted questionnaire surveys among anesthesiologists working in pain medicine in both the Netherlands and the U.K. to explore their views on using IMDs. Contrary to what we had expected, we found that a majority of the respondents would administer IMDs within their own practice, after appropriate training. The overall response rates were 30% and 23%, respectively; therefore, no firm conclusions can be drawn as to the views of the majority of practicing pain specialists. Our findings may have implications for the planning of both health service delivery and training in pain medicine.
Transdermal Buprenorphine for Central Neuropathic Pain: Clinical Reports
Authors: Guetti Cristiana , Angeletti Chiara , Marinangeli Franco , Ciccozzi Alessandra , Baldascino Giada , Paladini Antonella , Varrassi Giustino 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTransdermal buprenorphine is an effective analgesic for a variety of pain conditions. Traditionally, neuropathic pain is treated with medications such as tricyclic antidepressants or anticonvulsants, with opioid medications as second or third‐line agents. We present two different painful conditions of presumed neuropathic origin, with complex etiopathogenesis, which were successfully treated with buprenorphine. The results of treatment of these neuropathic pain syndromes with buprenorphine are encouraging, suggesting that it might represent a valid alternative to standard approaches for central neuropathic pain.
Percutaneous Sacroplasty and Sacroiliac Joint Cementation under Fluoroscopic Guidance for Lower Back Pain Related to Sacral Metastatic Tumors with Sacroiliac Joint Invasion
Authors: Nebreda Carlos , Vallejo Ricardo , Aliaga Luis , Benyamin Ramsin 
Published: December 2010

Abstract:  Cancer patients with bone metastases are at risk of a variety of skeletal events, including vertebral compression and pathologic fractures. Approximately 30% to 40% of patients with advanced lung cancer will develop bone metastases in the course of their disease, resulting in a significant negative impact on both morbidity and survival. Skeletal complications of bone metastases include pain, pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia. The spine is the most frequent site of skeletal metastases.We present a 48‐year‐old female with intractable and incapacitating low back pain because of metastatic bone tumor in the left lateral side of S1 and S2 with left sacroiliac invasion. Imaging identified a metastatic invasion of the sacrum. Percutaneous sacroplasty, a safe and effective procedure for sacral‐insufficient fractures, was performed under fluoroscopy guidance. However, the expected pain relief was not achieved. At 1 month, the patient remained invalided by severe back pain, which was localized to the left sacroiliac joint. In a second procedure, the sacroiliac joint was cemented. Pain relief was complete, immediate, and sustained until the patient's death related to the underlying oncologic disease. No complications were observed.Few reports exist about the treatment of sacral metastatic tumors with percutaneous sacroplasty. Further, no previous reports about sacroiliac joint cementation for joint stabilization have been found. In the present case, sacroiliac joint cementation successfully resolved residual pain that remained despite percutaneous sacroplasty treatment of the pathologic sacral fracture.
The effect of chemotherapeutic agents on contaminated titanium surfaces: a systematic review
Authors: Ntrouka Victoria I. , Slot Dagmar E. , Louropoulou Anna , Van der Weijden Fridus 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjective: To systematically collect and evaluate the existing evidence for the abilities of different chemotherapeutic agents to decontaminate biofilm‐contaminated titanium surfaces.Material and methods: PubMed‐MEDLINE and the Cochrane‐CENTRAL databases were searched, covering research published on or before June 2010, to identify appropriate studies. The eligible studies were controlled studies on the effects of chemical treatments on biofilm‐contaminated titanium surfaces.Results: In total, 2425 unique papers were identified. Independent screening of the titles and abstracts resulted in only four publications that met all of the eligibility criteria. None of the in vivo studies assessed titanium surface decontamination in a controlled fashion. Three studies provided in vitro data, and one used an ex vivo protocol. Citric acid was found to be the most effective treatment in lipopolysaccharide removal as compared with an untreated control, although its effectiveness was equivalent to those of water and saline. In addition, citric acid demonstrated the greatest efficacy in cleaning the contaminated titanium surface, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy.Conclusion: The data reported for the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in cleaning contaminated titanium surfaces are scarce, which precludes the generation of firm conclusions. Based on the lack of robust data, we cautiously conclude that citric acid is the chemotherapeutic agent with the highest potential for the removal of biofilms from contaminated titanium surfaces in vitro, although it does not achieve complete removal. To date, the killing effect of citric acid against biofilms has not been investigated on titanium surfaces. To cite this article:
Ntrouka VI, Slot DE, Louropoulou A, Van der Weijden F. The effect of chemotherapeutic agents on contaminated titanium surfaces: a systematic review. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 22, 2011; 681–690 doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02037.x
Retracted: Experimental model of bone response to xenografts of bovine origin (Endobon®): a radiological and histomorphometric study
Authors: Ramírez‐Fernández Ma Piedad , Calvo‐Guirado Jose Luis , Arcesio Delgado‐Ruiz Rafael , Maté‐Sánchez del Val José Eduardo , Gómez‐Moreno Gerardo , Guardia Javier 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjective: To carry out a radiological and histomorphometric evaluation of bone response to bovine bone implants inserted in rabbits' tibiae.Materials and Methods: Twenty New Zealand rabbits weighing 3900–4500 g were used. Twenty bovine bone implants (Endobon®) in granulated form of 500–1000 μm granulometry were inserted in the proximal metaphyseal area of the animals' right tibia and 20 control areas were located in the proximal metaphyseal area. Following implantation, the animals were sacrificed in four groups of five, after 1 month, 2 months, 3 months and 4 months, respectively. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken. Samples were sectioned at 5 μm and stained using Hematoxylin–Eosin and Masson's trichromic.Results: After 4 months, radiological images showed complete repair of the bone defects. No healed or residual bone alterations attributable to the presence of the implant were observed. Histomorphometric analysis at 4 months showed the presence of a higher density of newly formed bone with mean values for new bone, residual graft material and non‐mineralized connective tissue of 22.8 ± 1.5%, 39.4 ± 2.3% and 37.7 ± 2.5%. There were no statistically significant differences in the length of cortical formation with bovine bone, 98.8 ± 1.1%, compared with the control group, 99.1 ± 0.7%, at the end of the study period.Conclusions: The biomaterial used in the study was shown to be biocompatible, osteoconductive and non‐resorbable and as such a possible bone substitute that does not interfere with normal reparative bone processes. To cite this article:
Ramírez‐Fernández MaP, Calvo‐Guirado JL, Delgado‐Ruiz RA, Maté‐Sánchez del Val JE, Gómez‐Moreno G, Guardia J. Experimental model of bone response to xenografts of bovine origin (Endobon®): a radiological and histomorphometric study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 22, 2011; 727–734 doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02052.x
Adrenocorticotropic tumor cells transplanted into mouse embryos affect pancreatic histogenesis
Authors: Kawamoto Mai , Udagawa Jun , Hashimoto Ryuju , Matsumoto Akihiro , Yamada Makiko , Nimura Masayuki , Otani Hiroki 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTA wide range of individual differences exist in the total number of functional and structural units in each organ, such as β cells in pancreatic islands, and these units are the basis of the organ's overall function, including its functional reserve. The endocrine environment may influence organ histogenesis, during which functional and structural units are formed and increase in number. We analyzed the effects of a continuous high level of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and/or secondarily induced glucocorticoid on histogenesis of the pancreas in mouse embryos. Pituitary tumor‐derived AtT20 cells, which secrete ACTH continuously, were injected subcutaneously into mouse embryos at embryonic day (E) 12.5, and the embryos were allowed to develop exo utero until E18.5 (AtT20 group). E18.5 AtT20 group embryos with high ACTH levels (23.74 ± 6.19 ng/mL vs control group, 0.48 ± 0.40 ng/mL, P < 0.05) were examined for the effects on histogenesis of the pancreas. Using serial sections of the E18.5 pancreas, we stereologically measured the volumes, and counted total cell numbers and numbers of mitotic or pyknotic cells of the whole pancreas, endocrine and exocrine cells, and glucagon‐immunopositive α cells and insulin‐immunopositive β cells in the endocrine part. Although the volumes of the whole pancreas and exocrine part did not change significantly, in the AtT20 group the endocrine part was significantly larger, with fewer pyknotic cells and lower ratios of α and β cells than in the control group. These results suggest that the high level of ACTH and/or glucocorticoid affects histogenesis of the pancreas.
Genetic divergence over small geographic scales and conservation implications for Commerson's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) in southern Argentina
Authors: Cipriano Frank , Hevia Marta , Iñíguez Miguel 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCephalorhynchus commersonii is distributed in the nearshore coastal waters of South America, and thus is particularly vulnerable to bycatch in coastal nets and trawls. Our study documents genetic structure in presumed Commerson's dolphin subpopulations along the southern Argentina coastline, from the Ría Deseado in the north to Ría Gallegos in the south, and focuses on the potential for depletion in the apparently more heavily impacted Ría Gallegos area. Only two control region (423 bp) haplotypes were shared among all these locations (out of 11 identified), and striking differences in haplotype frequencies between areas are apparent. AMOVA analysis, using mitochondrial sequence data, indicates significant population subdivision (overall FST= 0.21, P < 0.001) between Ría Deseado (n= 8), Bahía San Julián (n= 11), Ría Gallegos (n= 31), and a small sample of dolphins from the captive colony at San Diego Seaworld (n= 7) derived from animals originally captured in the Strait of Magellan. Comparisons based on haplotypic distances indicated relatively strong differences between regions (ΦST= 0.30, P < 0.001). This research provides the first indication of reduced gene flow and genetic differentiation within local subpopulations of Commerson's dolphins, along a relatively small stretch of coastline.
Cecrops, King of Athens: the First (?) Recorded Population Census in History
Authors: Missiakoulis Spyros 
Published: December 2010

Summary In 16th century B.C., Cecrops, the legendary first king of Athens, took a census of his subjects that had all the properties of a population census. Each person was commanded to cast a single stone and by counting the stones, it was found that they were twenty thousand inhabitants. With respect to the history of statistics, this Cecrops’ census appears to be (?) the earliest real recorded population census ever reported.
PhyloGeoViz: a web‐based program that visualizes genetic data on maps
Authors: TSAI YI‐HSIN E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe first step of many population genetic studies is the simple visualization of allele frequencies on a landscape. This basic data exploration can be challenging without proprietary software, and the manual plotting of data is cumbersome and unfeasible at large sample sizes. I present an open source, web‐based program that plots any kind of frequency or count data as pie charts in Google Maps (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA). Pie polygons are then exportable to Google Earth (Google Inc.), a free Geographic Information Systems platform. Import of genetic data into Google Earth allows phylogeographers access to a wealth of spatial information layers integral to forming hypotheses and understanding patterns in the data.
Human β-Defensin 2 and β-Defensin 3 Chimeric Peptides Reveal the Structural Basis of the Pathogen Specificity of Their Parent Molecules
Authors: Jung Sascha , Mysliwy Justyna , Spudy Björn , Lorenzen Inken , Reiss Karina , Gelhaus Christoph , Podschun Rainer , Leippe Matthias , Grötzinger Joachim 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Despite partial sequence identity and structural similarity, human β-defensin 3 (HBD3) kills
Staphylococcus aureus
with a 4- to 8-fold higher efficiency than human β-defensin 2 (HBD2), whereas the activities against
Escherichia coli
are identical. The design and characterization of HBD2/HBD3 chimeric peptides revealed that distinct molecular regions are responsible for their divergent killing properties. Two of the chimeras killed both
E. coli
and
S. aureus
with an even higher efficacy than the wild-type molecules. Moreover, one of these two chimeras maintained its high killing activities in the presence of physiologic salt concentrations. Due to the broad spectrum of their antimicrobial activities against many human multidrug-resistant pathogens, these two designer peptides of human origin represent promising templates for a new class of antibiotics.