bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P02-118 - Student Career Choice in Psychiatry - Phase 1 - a Systematic Review
Authors: Seed K. , Lydall G. , Malik A. , Howard R. , Bhugra D. ,   ISoSCCiP
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe chronic worldwide shortage of psychiatrists has impaired the delivery of first class mental health care (WHO 2008). This international project funded by a World Psychiatric Association grant proposes to examine and compare the effects of country-specific undergraduate and postgraduate factors involved in medical student choice of a psychiatric career. Phase 1 focussed on identifying published proven and novel modifiable factors to improve psychiatric recruitment.MethodWe searched EMBASE, PsychInfo and Medline using the keywords ‘career psychiatry’, ‘medical education’, and ‘career choice’. All 206 papers retrieved using the combined search were reviewed and categorized thematically.ResultsFindings are summarised under three themes:·Pre-medical school factors: arts & social sciences qualifications, attitudes towards mental illness, high uncertainty tolerance, liberal political views, gender and life goals.·Medical school factors: availability of psychology/sociology/special-studies modules, electives; length of clinical placement; exposure to motivated patients and effective treatment; quality of teaching and good role models; and conversely negative attitudes from other specialities.·Post-graduate factors: availability of early clinical posts in psychiatry, work-life balance, remuneration.Conclusions·Studies have been limited by small sample sizes, unicentricity, and datedness, given the major reorganisations of mental health services and postgraduate training in many countries.·During the next stage we will generate the first multicountry comparison, with sufficient power to detect differences in factors influencing a psychiatric career choice at personal, institutional and national level. We will focus on factors that may be modifiable by policy to positively influence career choice towards psychiatry.
P02-119 - Prevalence of Burnout in Senior Medical Students
Authors: Sepehrmanesh Z. , Ahmadvand A. , Akasheh G. , Saei R. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesBurnout is caused by high stress jobs and could induce somatic, psychological disorders and negative attitude to professional actives so this process is caused poor relationship with patient. Burnout should be considered in medical students by counseling centers of University for prevention of consequences. This study investigates burnout in senior medical students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan,Iran(2008).MethodsThis research is a cross sectional study. In this study all of senior medical students (N=56) were answered to demographic questionnaire and Maslach burnout Inventory.ResultsThe findings showed that the majority of medical students (91.1%) had burnout and 16% of them had severe burnout. There was not significant relationship between burnout and sex, age, marital status P< 0.05.ConclusionsBurnout was common problem in medical students and need to be helped. Therefore Medical Student should be encouraged to seek help and adequate facilities should be available.
P02-122 - Piramhids - Positive and Innovative Resources: a Mental Health Interactive Database (Scotland) (www.piramhids.com)
Authors: Thomson D. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesFollowing the National Review of Mental Health Nursing in Scotland (2006), an action plan was developed to improve recovery focused mental health services. It was advocated that a method of sharing evidence based, positive and innovative practice in mental health be created. NHS Quality Improvement Scotland supported by the Scottish Government, was tasked to develop the database and successfully launched the PIRAMHIDS resource in September 2008, now providing the platform to share information at local, national and international levels.MethodsPIRAMHIDS ensures equitable opportunity to share examples of practice from statutory, non statutory services and the voluntary sector. Contribution to the database is made easy by an intuitive online submission process. A quality assurance process is then followed in achieving publication approval. Submissions are passed to an external review body. External reviewers consist of professionals from a range of disciplines including Psychiatry, Mental Health Nursing, Occupational Therapy, Higher Education, service improvement, etc. The selected reviewers consider the submission in context of the publication criteria which includes:Practice summary:Detail of practice deliverableEvidence base-current/existing or potential to inform evidenceChallenges and resolvesQuality assurance considerations and impact assessment on the patient experienceResults/conclusionsPIRAMHIDS is the resource to share your practice. In addition there is an online forum encouraging networking, up to date mental health information feeds and direct links to other useful resources such as Integrated Care Pathways for mental health toolkit. Now accessed by thousands world wide, take the credit and share your care.Contribute today.
P02-125 - Need for Community-based Services for Mentally Ill Persons and their Families
Authors: Vladimirova S. , Gutkevich E.V. , Lebedeva V.F. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo investigate need for social support for persons with mental health problems and their families on example of screening-questionnaire of persons, visiting on World Mental Health Day Clinics of Mental Health Research Institute SB RAMSci, Tomsk, Russia.MethodsScreening-questionnaire was carried out anonymously. Questions were answered by 14 persons of various ages, randomly selected by investigator. Respondents had to choose variants of answers for 4 questions:Results100% of respondents have come to clinics for their mental health problems, among them 1 person (7%) was a relative of person with mental health problems. 2 persons (14%) had friends with mental health problems. One person said that it is simply interesting for him. Patients and relatives need more information about mental health. They’d like to know about available medication. Overwhelming number of respondents believed that establishment of site and organization for mentally ill and relatives is necessary. % of negative answers was significantly lower and was explained by unwillingness to attract attention of other people. Organization of leisure-time would diversify life of patients and relatives. Of interest is advocacy of patients and their relatives,ConclusionsAnalysis of screening-questionnaire has shown that social support is really needed by persons with mental health problems and it may be rendered by user-led organizations, need for which in Russia has not been still satisfied. Social support is important both for patients and their families because they are often isolated and hardly cope with challenge of poor mental health of ill family member.
P02-126 - The Physical Co-morbidity of People with a Mental Disorder: Variation, Causes, Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies Across 14 European Countries
Authors: Weiser P. , Lucas R. , Becker T. , Kilian R. ,   for the HELPS Network
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveLittle is known about the physical co-morbidity in mentally ill living in psychiatric and social health care facilities with regard to variation, causes, risk factors and prevention strategies. Aim of this study was to determine patients’ and professionals’ perceptions, attitudes and thoughts of(i)co-morbid physical health problems and illness,(ii)risk factors and causes of somatic problems and(iii)prevention measures across Europe.MethodsA total of 52 focus groups in 14 European countries were conducted. Participants were recruited from psychiatric and social health care facilities. Data were content analyzed deductively and inductively.ResultsThe physical health problems that were often mentioned were weight problems, diabetes, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal problems, problems of the circulatory system, and general aches and pains. Regarding the causes of somatic problems and illnesses, focus groups repeatedly emphasized side-effects from medications. Besides treatment-related factors, country-specific aspects also were mentioned, mainly in the field of the living environment. Findings concerning “prevention” demonstrated the greatest distinctions between the participant groups, particularly with regard to the implementation and realization of health promotion interventions. Discussions revealed that patients preferred active learning (hands-on experiences) coupled with group classes for education and social support.ConclusionsFocus groups identified behavioural, environmental and iatrogenic health risks. Efforts need to be directed toward interventions for physical illness prevention and health promotion on the background of the heterogeneity of mental disorders and the multitude of physical problems, and need to be based on an understanding of residents’ cultural beliefs and life situations.
P02-127 - Probing Stress and Depression in Mental Health Professionals at the General Hospital in Greece
Authors: Kyloudis P. , Rekliti M. , Kyriazis I. , Wozniak G. , Kotrotsiou E. , Roupa Z. 
Published: June 2010

AimOf this project was to study the characteristics of stress and depression in mental health professionals and the degree at which they are affected by demographic factors.Material - methodThe sample of the study includes 62 mental health professionals. An anonymous closed questionnaire by Bedford & Foulds was used. The data analysis was made with the use of SPSS 16.0.ResultsTwo factors were found statistically essential; the age[F(5,41)=0,52 p=0,004] and the marital statue [F(5,41)=0.49 p=0.008]. The married people seem to statistically develop higher anxiety (p=0,001), higher tension (p=0,002) and higher insomnia (p=0,001) in comparison to the singles, the divorced and the widows/widowers. The singles seem to keep more calm (p=0.014) in comparison to the married and the divorced (p=0.001).Working people aged 35-49 experience more intense sorrow than the other age groups (p=0,003), more intense feelings of panic (p=0,018) and tension (p=0,049). The age groups in stressful or depression situations diversify their needs as regards smoking, with the 35-49 age group being the heaviest smokers (p=0,029).ConclusionsIt is discovered that a different defense mechanism is used by mental health professionals as regards their marital statue and their age, developing sleeping disorders, increase in smoking and sadness elements indifference for the future, more often.
P02-131 - Violence Risk Assessment in Two Forensic Samples Using the HCR-20 in Lithuania
Authors: Cesniene I. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesProfessional risk assessment provides estimates of future risk in terms of nature, frequency and severity as well as may determine treatment services required of an offender under parole or probation supervision. This study examined the predictive validity of the HCR-20 (Webster, Douglas, Eaves, & Hart, 1997) in a Lithuanian forensic context.MethodsThis research includes a sample of criminal offenders and a sample of forensic psychiatric patients (a total of 118 participants). The HCR-20 was coded on the basis of file information.ResultsThe mean HCR-20 scores were: Total score = 14.96 (SD = 6.56), H-scale = 8.42 (SD = 3.61), C-scale = 2.57 (SD = 2.16), R-scale = 3.89 (SD = 2.55). ROC analyses of the HCR-20 subscales showed AUC's of .72 for the H Scale, .69 for the C Scale and .58 for the R Scale.ConclusionsThe HCR-20 total score and final risk judgments were significantly more accurate in predicting violent recidivism (p < .05). Results indicate the predictive ability of the instrument may be maximized when judgments of final risk are used rather than an actuarial approach wherein individual risk factors are summed.
P02-141 - Examining Multidimensionality of the Referential Thinking Scale
Authors: Fernández-Jiménez E. , Senín-Calderón M.C. , Fuentes-Márquez S. , Valdés-Díaz M. , Benítez-Hernández M.M. , Rodríguez-Testal J.F. 
Published: June 2010

Previously, we showed the usefulness of the REF scale to assess referential thinking (Rodríguez-Testal et al., 2001; 2009) although it isn’t specific for patients with psychotic disorders (Rodríguez-Testal et al., 2008).ObjectivesThis instrumental work aims to replicate the exploratory factor analysis about the Referential Thinking Scale (REF scale) already developed by Lenzenweger et al. (1997) to examine its multidimensionality.MethodsParticipants: The analyzed sample consisted of 193 participants (67.36% women, mean 28.36 years old, SD = 10.35), of whom 131 were patients.Design, materials and procedure: We used the REF-scale (Lenzenweger et al., 1997) adapted to Spanish language. This questionnaire consists of 34 items that assess the frequency of referential thinking on a dichotomic scale (true/false). We used SPSS 15.0 to conduct a principal-components factor analysis with a varimax and oblimin rotation.ResultsThe principal-components factor analysis method led to 5 factors that explain 37.35% of variance for the rotated solution. Because of inter-factors correlations are small, we considered these factors as being independent. The five factors were labeled as: Laughter, Commentaries (it accounted for 8.92% of variance); Guilt (it accounted for 8.77% of variance); Causal Explanations (it accounted for 7.17% of variance); Songs, Newspapers, Books (it accounted for 6.44% of variance); and Attention, Appearance (it accounted for 6.04% of variance).ConclusionsIt's obtained the five factors isolated in previous studies (Lenzenweger et al., 1997; Rodríguez-Testal et al., 2001). However, the multidimensionality of the REF scale must be viewed with caution because of a small percentage of explained variance.
P02-148 - Structural Neural Correlates of Anorexia Nervosa: a Review of Neuroimaging Studies
Authors: Gaudio S. , Bianco G. , Fariello G. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesMany research groups have used neuroimaging techniques in order to investigate brain abnormalities in patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The results of structural studies, which utilised CT scan and MRI, have revealed both global brain abnormalities and region-specific brain abnormalities. The central disturbance in AN is that of a distorted body image and food refusal. The purpose of the present study was to analyze structural neuroimaging studies in order to revel the possible existence of a neural basis of AN symptoms.MethodsPublished reports from refereed journals of the last twenty years are collected, analyzed and synthesized into a summary of the most significant neuroimaging findings. We used as keywords “anorexia”, “neuroimaging”, “MRI”, “CT”, “manual measurement”, “voxel based morphometry” differently matched together.ResultsStructural studies have showed total decreases in both gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM), with an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Several structural follow-up studies reported that GM, WM and CSF abnormalities are fully reversible after recovery, whilst other authors reported that GM decreases persists after recovery. Region-specific structural studies have principally revealed a decrease in extrastriate body area, precuneus, parietal lobe and, following recovery, the anterior cingulate cortex.ConclusionsThese results showed a global GM vulnerability in AN patients and that the specific GM regions affected are principally involved in the processing of body-image and mental images, and in the regulation of hunger and satiation. Although these results are still under debate, findings suggest that AN symptoms could have a neural substrate.
P02-153 - Spatial EEG Mapping of Go/NoGo tasks - a Cross Cultural Study in Young Children
Authors: Öllinger M. , Rocha A. , Rocha F. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveIt is well known that brain activity associated with Go/NoGo tasks differed for normal children and those with ADHD, anxiety disorders, etc. Here, EEG mapping is used to study brain activity associated with Go/NoGo tasks in two populations of young healthy Brazilian (Fig. 1A) and German (Fig. 1B) children (4-6 year old).MethodsChildren (N=30) performed a child-oriented go-nogo task at the computer. We determined the entropy of the correlations between the EEG signal recorded by each electrode (10/20 system in Brazil, extended 10/20 system in Germany) as proposed elsewhere (Rocha et al. 2005) for 1000 ms epochs after the beginning of each trial.Fig. 1Factor Brain Mappings associated with solving Go/NoGo tasks in Brazilian (A) and German (B) childrenResultsFactor Analysis showed that the calculated entropy covaried among the frontal electrodes (Pattern F1); centro-temporal electrodes (Pattern F2) and the parieto-occiptal electrodes (Pattern F2) covariation in the two populations despite the different EEG recording systems.ConclusionOur spatial EEG approach revealed a Go/NoGo brain activity pattern similar to that recorded by adults in fMRI. In addition, the results were similar for two different populations of children and for two different recording systems. The EEG technology demonstrated here reliabl, cross cultural and cross technical robustness, when investigating young children from different cultures.
P02-154 - Intracebral Functional (LORETA) Connectivity During Attention to Bodily and Mental Processes and Resting
Authors: Milz P. , Faber P.L. , Pascual-Marqui R.D. , Lehmann D. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesAttention is hypothesized to increase the brain's functional connectivity measured as EEG coherence between brain areas. Is this true for different types of attention compared to no-task resting?MethodsIn 25 healthy, meditation-naïve, right-handed, male students 58-channel EEG was recorded during three conditions of 5 minutes each with closed eyes in randomized order: (1) resting [3 runs], (2) mental arithmetic [2 runs], and (3) breath counting, a meditation initiation technique [2 runs]. For the 8 EEG frequency bands, the artifacted EEG was recomputed into sLORETA intracerebral current densities. To avoid localization ambiguities, we computed EEG coherence between sLORETA areas. To avoid effects of volume conduction, we computed intracerebral `lagged coherence' connectivity between sLORETA current densities in 19 areas. Averaged resting runs were compared to those breath counting and arithmetic runs of which participants post-hoc reported that their concentration was best.ResultsPaired t-tests between conditions yielded differences of coherence at p< 0.1 (corrected for multiple testing) for 5 EEG frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2, beta3) [number of connections in brackets]: coherence was lower in breath counting than arithmetic (delta, beta3 [1,1]). Coherence was lower in resting than arithmetic (alpha2 [1]), but higher in resting than breath counting (theta, alpha1, alpha2, beta3 [2,1,1,1]).ConclusionsAttention to breath counting showed lowest, to arithmetic highest demands on intracerebral functional connectivity. Breath counting and mental arithmetic induce mental states whose inter-area connectivity differs in opposite directions from resting. The results do not support a global hypothesis of increased coherence during attention.
P02-163 - Dynamics of Alcoholic Psychoses in the Conditions of a Long Emergency Situation from 2002 Till 2008
Authors: Dalsaeva R. , Dalsaev M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesIslam is being practiced in Chechnya. There are data about alcohol abuse of a certain part of the population in the Muslim countries contrary to religious interdictions. Alcoholic psychoses reflect level of alcohol abuse among the population. The purpose of the present research was to reveal interrelation between dynamics of alcohol abuse, alcoholic psychoses, social changes during the different periods: the period of operations, the postmilitary period and that of active social restoration.Methods392 case records of patients with psychoses from 2002 till 2008 inclusively are studied. The age, duration and kinds of psychoses, rates of formation of dependence on alcohol advanced in years, average stay of the patient on a cot were estimated. The relation of the population to alcohol was established by questioning of 4,500 persons. All data were compared with the number of patients delivered in a drunken state for the same years. Processing was made by program SPSS 12.0 WindowsResultsAverage stay on a cot annually decreased from 38,09 till 18,27 days. Duration of psychoses has decreased from 8,52 to 4,24. Fluctuation of number of the hospitalized patients had a correlation with the social phenomena in a society. In the process of normalization of situation in the republic the ratio of number of alcoholic psychoses to total number of hospitalized alcoholic patients decreases. The interrogated majority's attitude to alcohol abuse is negative.ConclusionsThere is a direct interrelation between the level of social stress, alcoholic psychoses, seriousness of their course and alcoholism growth.
P02-165 - The Meaning of Social Section of Psychiatry
Authors: Danilova S. 
Published: June 2010

Mental health disorders continue to be a serious and expensive global health issue, affecting people of all ages and from all cultures and socio-economic status. The activity of social section of Russia psychiatry has a small history. Role of social section increase to render psychiatrical help. In Russia World Mental Health Day has been conducting since 2001. The goal of this share is to active social and professional organizations of psychiatry, to pay attention of power and public for present interest problems of psychiatry. Social Council by questions of mental health was create in 2005. Commission by conduction of World Mental Health Day in structure of Social Council by questions of mental health appeared in 2008. Competition «For innovation in region of mental health» has been conducting since 2008 in Russia. There are three nominations of Competition: psycoeducation, psycorehabilitation, psycoenlightenment. The missions of Competition are to celebrate humane, original, innovational works of doctors-psychiatrists, social organizations, to pay the attention of power and public for present interest problems of psychiatry, antistygmatization of psychiatry. The victor of Competition is a best region of Russian Federation.32 organizations (dispensary of psychiatry, hospital of psychiatry, social organizations) took part in Competition «For innovation in region of mental health» - 2009.ConclusionsThese shares will promote to inform our population for possibility of psychiatrical science and practice, to form normal relation for psychic patients, to pay the attention of power and public for questions of mental health of population and to consolidate mental health of nation.
P02-168 - Mood Bipolar Disorders and Epilepsy: a Review
Authors: Feki A. , Mnif L. , Masmoudi J. , Haj Kacem H. , Halwani N. , Ayadi N. , Jaoua A. 
Published: June 2010

There is a growing interest about comorbidity between bipolar disorders and epilepsy expressed in three perspectives: clinical, therapeutic and neuroscientist.The prevalence of bipolar disorder among epileptic patients is about 0.1 to 5%.At a clinical level, there are peri-ictal, inter-ictal bipolar troubles and those induced by the treatments (drugs, electric and surgical) of the epilepsy.It seems that bipolar disorders have clinically specific characteristics (rapid cycles, less severe symptoms with each episode), where there is an association with epilepsy.Then, therapeutic management of bipolar disorders among epileptic patients is specific.The objective of this work is developed through a literature review, the clinical, the therapeutic and the evolutive characteristics of these disorders when found simultaneously.