bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Q‐switched YAG laser vs. punch biopsy excision for iatrogenic radiation tattoo markers – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bregnhøj A , Hædersdal M 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground  Ink markers are tattooed as landmarks before radiotherapy of breast cancer with the purpose of obtaining a precise radiation field. The black tattoo spots may cause potential psychological distress for the affected women.Objective  The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects in a side‐by‐side comparison of Q‐switched (Q‐sw) YAG laser vs. punch biopsy excision of iatrogenic radiation tattoo markers.Methods  Ten female volunteers with black tattoo markers after previous radiotherapy for breast cancer were included. Subjects received one punch biopsy excision and a series of three treatments at 6‐week intervals with Q‐sw YAG laser (Q‐YAG 5 system, 1064 nm, Palomar Inc., Burlington, VT, USA); the interventions was randomly assigned to two closely located tattoos (n = 20). Treatment measures were evaluated 12 weeks after final treatment and included clinical efficacy, patient satisfaction, preferred treatment and adverse effects. A blinded observer evaluated the efficacy and adverse effects from photographs.Results  Ten patients completed the study. Blinded photographic evaluations showed an overall excellent clearance (75–100% reduction in tattoo appearance) from both excision and laser treatments (P = 0.317). Patients were equally satisfied with Q‐sw YAG laser treatment [median 9 (5.75–10, 25–75 percentiles)] and excision therapy [median 10 (5.75–10)] (P = 0.672). However, the majority of the patients preferred YAG laser (n = 8) to excision (n = 2) (P = 0.022) because adverse effects in terms of hypopigmentation (0/10 vs. 8/10 patients) and scarring (1/10 vs. 8/10 patients) occurred more frequently and appeared more pronounced in excision biopsy (hypopigmentation P = 0.014, scarring P = 0.021).Conclusion  Q‐sw YAG laser and punch biopsy excision are effective to clear iatrogenic radiation tattoo markers, but patients preferred the laser treatment because of less pronounced adverse effects.
Quality of life of patients with scabies
Authors: Jin‐gang A , Sheng‐xiang X , Sheng‐bin X , Jun‐min W , Song‐mei G , Ying‐ying D , Jung‐hong M , Qing‐qiang X , Xiao‐peng W 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground Scabies is a highly contagious disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, and the disease is still a major public health problem in many resource‐poor regions. Apart from the skin lesions or substantial morbidity, scabies also leads to social stigma. However, quality of life (QoL) has not been investigated in patients with scabies.Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the impact of scabies on patients’ QoL using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire, and assess its feasibility and internal consistency.Methods One hundred consecutive outpatients seeking treatment for scabies in the Department of Dermatology, the Second Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, were assessed for eligibility for this prospective study from 8 August 2008 to 20 December 2008. Sulphur (10%) was selected in the treatment of scabies.Results A total of 96 patients completed the study. Among them, 78 (81.25%) of patients were considered cured at the end of the study. The mean ± SD DLQI score in our study was 10.09 ± 5.96. QoL of most of (71.9%) our patients has moderately affected. Questions 1 (symptoms), 2 (embarrassment), 7 (work or study) and 9 (sexual difficulties) had the most impact on patients with scabies. Domain 1 (symptoms and feelings) and 5 (personal relationships) scored higher than other domains. There was significant progress of QoL after treatment in our patients. No strong relationship between disease‐related characteristics and QoL could be found.Conclusion Scabies moderately affected the QoL of the patients. Sulphur could be considered as an effective treatment for patients with scabies.
Aesthetic effects of topical photodynamic therapy
Authors: Kohl E , Torezan LAR , Landthaler M , Szeimies R‐M 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTopical photodynamic therapy has shown to be effective for the treatment of several aspects of skin ageing. Multiple studies have demonstrated improvement of fine wrinkles, mottled hyperpigmentation, tactile roughness and sallowness. These results are supported by immunohistochemical analysis that revealed both upregulation of collagen production and increased epidermal proliferation. Neocollagenesis as an indirect dermal effect of photodynamic therapy is stimulated through cytokine induction. This article reviews the available literature for photodynamic rejuvenation while discussing cosmetic effects, light sources, adverse effects and the mechanism of action.
The use of topical bleaching agents among women: a cross‐sectional study of knowledge, attitude and practices
Authors: AlGhamdi KM 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground  Although the practice of bleaching is common worldwide, there are few studies that discuss knowledge, attitudes and practices towards bleaching.Objective  The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards the usage of topical bleaching agents among women.Methods  A self‐administered questionnaire on the use of bleaching creams was distributed randomly to women attending the outpatient clinics at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia during 2008.Results  Five hundred and nine of 620 women responded (82% response rate). All the participants had dark skin (skin type 4–5). The mean age was 29.22 ± 9 years. Of the participants, 38.9% (197/506) were current users of bleaching agents. Only 26.7% (106/397) of the respondents used bleaching agents for medical purposes to treat localized abnormal skin hyper‐pigmentation; 20.8% (101/485) were ready to use any bleaching cream that gives fast results, even if the components were unknown. Of the respondents, 30% (152/509) used more than 100 g of bleaching creams monthly. These products were applied to the whole body in 7.3% of the cases. While 10.3% (28/271) continued applying the bleaching products during pregnancy, 20.8% (54/260) did so during lactation. No associations could be found between the various sociodemographic variables and differences in the attitude towards and practice of using bleaching creams.Conclusion  A major proportion of our sample respondents have overused and/or misused bleaching agents. This was regardless of age, income, education or marital status. There is a need to educate women about the possible risks.
Conservation biogeography of freshwater fishes: recent progress and future challenges
Authors: Olden Julian D. , Kennard Mark J. , Leprieur Fabien , Tedesco Pablo A. , Winemiller Kirk O. , García‐Berthou Emili 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim To identify key research questions and challenges that will, if addressed in a timely manner, significantly advance the field of freshwater fish biogeography and conservation.Location Globe.Methods By drawing on expertise from different regions of the world, we integrate an illustrative conspectus of recent scientific advancements in fish biogeography with a prospectus of needed areas of scientific inquiry to identify information gaps and priority research needs to advance the science.Results We identified the following core challenges: (1) Testing current and forging new theories in biogeography; (2) Advancing a trait‐based biogeography of freshwater fishes; (3) Quantifying extinction risk and loss of fish species in a changing environment; (4) Evaluating the magnitude and geography of extinction debt for freshwater fishes; (5) Elucidating the patterns and drivers of freshwater fish invasions; (6) Forecasting the future geography of freshwater fishes; (7) Understanding the interactive effects of multiple stressors in freshwater ecosystems; (8) Quantifying new features of the biodiversity crisis: fish faunal homogenization and the emergence of novel assemblages; (9) Promoting scientific rigour in emerging freshwater fish conservation strategies and (10) Improving conservation planning strategies for freshwater fish species.Main conclusions By reflecting on recent scientific progress in fish conservation biogeography, we have identified a set of core challenges and priorities requiring future research investment.
Pharmacological characterization of cannabinoid receptor activity in the rat‐isolated ileum myenteric plexus‐longitudinal muscle preparation
Authors: Makwana R , Molleman A , Parsons ME 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose: Cannabinoid effects on intestinal transit are commonly evaluated in rats. We characterized the cannabinoid receptors mediating the inhibitory effect of 5‐(1,1‐dimethylheptyl)‐2‐[5‐hydroxy‐2‐(3‐hydroxypropyl)‐cyclohexyl]‐phenol (CP 55,940), (R)‐(+)‐[2,3‐dihydro‐5‐methyl‐3‐(4‐morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3‐de]‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐6‐yl]‐1‐naphthalenylmethanone mesylate (WIN 55,212‐2), arachidonylethanolamide (AEA) and Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) on contractions of the rat ileum myenteric plexus‐longitudinal muscle (MPLM) preparation.Experimental approach: The interaction of each agonist was examined with the CB1and CB2receptor antagonist rimonabant and SR 144,528 respectively, on contractions elicited by electrical field stimulation (EFS) or exogenous ACh. The interaction of AEA with capsazepine, a TRPV1receptor antagonist, was also investigated.Key results: EFS with single and trains of pulses evoked neurogenic ACh‐mediated twitch and rebound contractions respectively. The rank order of potency for inhibition was CP 55,940 = WIN 55,212‐2 > AEA > Δ9‐THC and AEA > WIN 55,212‐2 =Δ9‐THC = CP 55,940 respectively. The stereoisomer WIN 55,212‐3 was without effect. Rimonabant antagonized the inhibition of the twitches with pKBvalues of around 8.60, but only antagonized rebound contractions induced by WIN 55,212‐2, AEA and Δ9‐THC, with pA2values of around 6.80. Rimonabant increased the twitches but inhibited the rebound contractions. Contractions to exogenous ACh were not altered. These observations extended to the guinea pig ileum MPLM.Conclusions and implications: The rat MPLM contains CB1receptors and at least two non‐CB1‐non‐CB2‐non‐TRPV1receptors attenuating EFS‐evoked ACh‐mediated contractions in an EFS frequency‐dependent pre‐synaptic and stereo‐specific manner. Augmentation of the twitches by rimonabant may be through antagonism of an endocannabinoid tone or inverse agonism, whereas inhibition of the rebound contractions involved partial agonism.
The quantal secretion of catecholamines is impaired by the accumulation of β‐adrenoceptor antagonists into chromaffin cell vesicles
Authors: Montesinos Mónica S , Camacho Marcial , Machado J David , Viveros O Humberto , Beltrán Beatriz , Borges Ricardo 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose: The delayed onset of certain effects of antagonists of β‐adrenoceptors (β‐blockers), such as lowering arterial blood pressure (several days), cannot be explained solely by their effects on β‐adrenoceptors, an action that occurs within minutes. Although several mechanisms have been proposed, none of them explain this temporal delay. This work aimed at providing a new explanation based on the interference of these drugs with the functional accumulation of catecholamines within neurosecretory vesicles.Experimental approach: We used the simultaneous on‐line monitoring of catecholamine and labetalol release from bovine isolated chromaffin cells and from rat perfused adrenal glands, as well as single cell amperometry, intracellular electrochemistry, patch amperometry and HPLC.Key results: Using amperometry, three β‐blockers, labetalol, atenolol and propranolol, reduced the quantal size of secretory events in chromaffin cells, accompanied by a slowing down of exocytosis. By patch amperometry, we found that treatment with β‐blockers also increases the chromaffin vesicle volume, thereby creating a functional dilution of catecholamines. Experiments with intracellular electrochemistry show that vesicles cannot uptake new catecholamines. There was progressive accumulation of labetalol in secretory vesicles of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, and this β‐blocker was co‐released with catecholamines from rat and bovine chromaffin tissues.Conclusions and implications: We propose that β‐blockers are progressively concentrated into sympathetic secretory vesicles, and interfere with the storage of catecholamines and are co‐released with the natural transmitters, resulting in a decrease in the sympathetic tone. This could explain the delayed onset of the hypotensive effects of β‐blockers.
Inhibition of angiotensin‐converting enzyme stimulates fracture healing and periosteal callus formation – role of a local renin‐angiotensin system
Authors: Garcia P , Schwenzer S , Slotta JE , Scheuer C , Tami AE , Holstein JH , Histing T , Burkhardt M , Pohlemann T , Menger MD 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose:  The renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) regulates blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis. In addition, ‘local’ tissue‐specific RAS have been identified, regulating regeneration, cell growth, apoptosis, inflammation and angiogenesis. Although components of the RAS are expressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, a local RAS in bone has not yet been described and there is no information on whether the RAS is involved in fracture healing. Therefore, we studied the expression and function of the key RAS component, angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), during fracture healing.Experimental approach:  In a murine femur fracture model, animals were treated with the ACE inhibitor perindopril or vehicle only. Fracture healing was analysed after 2, 5 and 10 weeks using X‐ray, micro‐CT, histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and biomechanical testing.Key results:  ACE was expressed in osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes in the periosteal callus during fracture healing, accompanied by expression of the angiotensin type‐1 and type‐2 receptors. Perindopril treatment reduced blood pressure and bone mineral density in unfractured femora. However, it improved periosteal callus formation, bone bridging of the fracture gap and torsional stiffness. ACE inhibition did not affect cell proliferation, but reduced apoptotic cell death. After 10 week treatment, a smaller callus diameter and bone volume after perindopril treatment indicated an advanced stage of bone remodelling.Conclusions:  Our study provides evidence for a local RAS in bone that influenced the process of fracture healing. We show for the first time that inhibition of ACE is capable of accelerating bone healing and remodelling.
Influence of 5‐aminosalicylic acid on 6‐thioguanosine phosphate metabolite levels: a prospective study in patients under steady thiopurine therapy
Authors: de Graaf P , de Boer NKH , Wong DR , Karner S , Jharap B , Hooymans PM , Veldkamp AI , Mulder CJJ , van Bodegraven AA , Schwab M 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose:  5‐aminosalicylate (5‐ASA) raises levels of 6‐thioguanine nucleotides (6‐TGN), the active metabolites of thiopurines such as azathioprine (AZA). Changes in levels of each individual TGN – 6‐thioguanosine mono‐, di‐ and triphosphate (6‐TGMP, 6‐TGDP, 6‐TGTP) – and of 6‐methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotides (6‐MMPR) after 5‐ASA are not known.Experimental approach:  Effects of increasing 5‐ASA doses on AZA metabolites were investigated prospectively in 22 patients with inflammatory bowel disease in 4‐week study periods. Patients started with 2 g 5‐ASA daily, and then were increased to 4 g daily and followed by a washout period. Thiopurine doses remained unchanged throughout the entire study. Levels of 6‐TGMP, 6‐TGDP, 6‐TGTP and 6‐MMPR as well as of 5‐ASA and N‐acetyl‐5‐aminosalicylic acid (N‐Ac‐5‐ASA) were determined each study period.Key results:  Median baseline levels in 17 patients of 6‐TGDP, 6‐TGTP and 6‐MMPR were 52, 319 and 1676 pmol per 8 × 108 red blood cells respectively. After co‐administration of 2 g 5‐ASA daily, median 6‐TGDP and 6‐TGTP levels increased but median 6‐MMPR levels were unchanged. Increasing 5‐ASA to 4 g daily did not affect median 6‐TGDP and 6‐TGTP levels, but median 6‐MMPR levels decreased. After discontinuation of 5‐ASA, both 6‐TGDP and 6‐TGTP levels decreased and median 6‐MMPR levels increased. The 6‐TGTP/(6‐TGDP+6‐TGTP)‐ratio did not change during the study, but 6‐MMPR/6‐TGN ratios decreased.Conclusions and implications:  Individual 6‐TGN metabolites increased after addition of 5‐ASA, but 6‐MMPR‐levels and the 6‐MMPR/6‐TGN ratios decreased. Further studies are needed to decide whether this pharmacokinetic interaction would result in improvement of efficacy and/or increased risk of toxicity of AZA.
Drug‐ and cue‐induced reinstatement of cannabinoid‐seeking behaviour in male and female rats: influence of ovarian hormones
Authors: Fattore L , Spano MS , Altea S , Fadda P , Fratta W 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose: Animal and human studies have shown that sex and hormones are key factors in modulating addiction. Previously, we have demonstrated that self‐administration of the cannabinoid CB1receptor agonist WIN55,212‐2 (WIN; 12.5 µg·kg−1per infusion) is dependent on sex, intact female rats being more sensitive than males to the reinforcing properties of cannabinoids, and on the oestrous cycle, ovariectomized (OVX) females being less responsive than intact females.Experimental approach: This follow‐up study investigated whether sex and ovarian function also affect reinstatement of cannabinoid‐seeking in rats after exposure to drug or cue priming.Key results: After priming with 0.15 or 0.3 mg·kg−1WIN, intact female rats exhibited stronger reinstatement than males and OVX females. Responses of intact female rats were higher than those of male and OVX rats even after priming with a drug‐associated visual (Light) or auditory (Tone) cue, or a WIN + Light combination. However, latency to the first response did not differ between intact and OVX female rats, and males showed the longest latency to initiate lever‐pressing activity.Conclusions and implications: Our study provides compelling evidence for a pivotal role of sex and the oestrous cycle in modulating cannabinoid‐seeking, with ovariectomy diminishing drug and cue‐induced reinstatement. However, it is possible that sex differences during self‐administration training are responsible for sex differences in reinstatement. Finding that not only drug primings but also acute exposure to drug‐associated cues can reinstate responding in rats could have significant implications for the development of pharmacological and behavioural treatments of abstinent female and male marijuana smokers.This article is part of a themed issue on Cannabinoids. To view the editorial for this themed issue visithttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2010.00831.x
On Currents and Comparisons: Gender and the Atlantic ‘Turn’ in Spanish America
Authors: Premo Bianca 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article is part of a History Compass cluster on ‘Rethinking Gender, Family and Sexuality in the Early Modern Atlantic World’.The cluster is made up of the following articles:‘On Currents and Comparisons: Gender and the Atlantic ‘Turn’ in Spanish America’, Bianca Premo, History Compass 8.3 (2010): 223–237, doi: 10.1111/j.1478‐0542.2009.00658.x‘Women and Families in Early (North) America and the Wider (Atlantic) World’, Karin Wulf, History Compass 8.3 (2010): 238–247, doi: 10.1111/j.1478‐0542.2009.00659.x‘Family Matters: The Early Modern Atlantic from the European Side’, Julie Hardwick, History Compass 8.3 (2010): 248–257, doi: 10.1111/j.1478‐0542.2009.00660.xThe following essay originated as one of these three contributions to a roundtable discussion held at the 14th Berkshire Conference on the History of Women, June 2008. The roundtable, ‘Rethinking Gender, Family, and Sexuality in the Early Modern Atlantic World’, was meant to be as much invitation as inventory and was astonishingly well attended at 08:00 in the morning, with standing room only for a thoughtful, lively audience whose comments, questions, and suggestions are reflected here (although in no way fully represented). As historians of gender and family in the North Atlantic, European, and Iberian worlds, we had hoped to encourage more central and systematic attention to gender within the Atlantic World paradigm by cataloging some recent works in their fields and pointing the way for future studies. Yet, a funny thing happened on the way to the conference. Independently, each of us began to engage with the challenges of simply inserting family and gender into ‘the Atlantic’ as both as conceptual place and a historical practice. The essays that emerged, therefore, departed from conventional historiographies that survey the state of the field. Rather, these are theoretical and methodological reflections on the implications of de‐centering national and colonial narratives about the history of gender. At a time when transnational historical scholarship on early modern women promises to explode, these essays aim to inspire debate about the conceptual utility of the Atlantic as a paradigm for understanding issues of gender, family, and sexuality, as well as its ramifications for feminist scholarship everywhere.
Women and Families in Early (North) America and the Wider (Atlantic) World
Authors: Wulf Karin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article is part of a History Compass cluster on ‘Rethinking Gender, Family and Sexuality in the Early Modern Atlantic World’.The cluster is made up of the following articles:‘On Currents and Comparisons: Gender and the Atlantic ‘Turn’ in Spanish America’, Bianca Premo, History Compass 8.3 (2010): 223–237, doi: 10.1111/j.1478‐0542.2009.00658.x‘Women and Families in Early (North) America and the Wider (Atlantic) World’, Karin Wulf, History Compass 8.3 (2010): 238–247, doi: 10.1111/j.1478‐0542.2009.00659.x‘Family Matters: The Early Modern Atlantic from the European Side’, Julie Hardwick, History Compass 8.3 (2010): 248–257, doi: 10.1111/j.1478‐0542.2009.00660.xThe following essay originated as one of these three contributions to a roundtable discussion held at the 14th Berkshire Conference on the History of Women, June 2008. The roundtable, ‘Rethinking Gender, Family, and Sexuality in the Early Modern Atlantic World’, was meant to be as much invitation as inventory and was astonishingly well attended at 08:00 in the morning, with standing room only for a thoughtful, lively audience whose comments, questions and suggestions are reflected here (although in no way fully represented). As historians of gender and family in the North Atlantic, European and Iberian worlds, we had hoped to encourage more central and systematic attention to gender within the Atlantic World paradigm by cataloging some recent works in their fields and pointing the way for future studies. Yet, a funny thing happened on the way to the conference. Independently, each of us began to engage with the challenges of simply inserting family and gender into ‘the Atlantic’ as both as conceptual place and a historical practice. The essays that emerged, therefore, departed from conventional historiographies that survey the state of the field. Rather, these are theoretical and methodological reflections on the implications of de‐centering national and colonial narratives about the history of gender. At a time when transnational historical scholarship on early modern women promises to explode, these essays aim to inspire debate about the conceptual utility of the Atlantic as a paradigm for understanding issues of gender, family, and sexuality, as well as its ramifications for feminist scholarship everywhere.