bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic efficacy of persistent anthelmintics against challenge with drug‐resistant and susceptible Ostertagia circumcincta
Authors: Sutherland I. A. , Leathwick D. M. , Brown A. E. , Miller C. M. 
Published: October 2010

Three groups of newly‐weaned Romney lambs were given either a standard oral dose of albendazole, a controlledrelease capsule containing albendazole, or a standard oral dose of moxidectin. At 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after treatment, sub‐groups of lambs were given 10,000 infectivestage larvae of either a drug‐resistant or a drug‐susceptible strain of Ostertagia circumcincta. The recommended oral dose of albendazole removed 32 per cent of the resistant strain and over 99.9 per cent of the susceptible O circumcincta. The recommended oral dose of moxidectin removed 91 per cent of the resistant strain and over 99.9 per cent of the susceptible parasites. None of the lambs treated with controlled‐release capsules was challenged at 20 or 30 days after treatment. Twenty‐one days after challenge, samples of faeces were taken to determine the presence of nematode eggs and cultured to establish the proportion of eggs developing to infective‐stage larvae (L3). Abomasa were recovered after slaughter and worm burdens determined. In the lambs given controlledrelease capsules only the resistant parasites were able to establish, and there were significantly fewer than in the lambs treated orally with albendazole. The proportion of the eggs from resistant parasites which developed to L3 was not reduced by the presence of the capsules. Oral moxidectin provided no protection against the establishment of the resistant strain and viable L3 were recovered after challenge with resistant parasites 10 days after treatment; however, the establishment of susceptible O circumcincta was reduced by more than 99 per cent. The establishment of the susceptible parasites in the lambs treated with moxidectin increased with time and was not significantly lower than in the other groups by 30 days after treatment.
Septic tenosynovitis and focal osteomyelitis of the lateral proximal sesamoid bone in a thoroughbred gelding
Authors: Chan C. C‐H. , Munroe G. A. 
Published: October 2010

Chronic septic tenosynovitis with concurrent, associated focal osteomyelitis of the lateral proximal sesamoid bone was diagnosed in a seven‐year‐old thoroughbred gelding. Surgical management of this case consisted of open annular ligament desmotomy and curettage of the affected sesamoid. Following lavage of the digital sheath the incisional wound was closed but a 2 cm gap was left distally to allow for postoperative open drainage. The distal limb was bandaged and the horse treated with antibiotics and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatories. Sepsis resolved and the horse made a gradual return to full work.
Efficacy of an ivermectin controlled‐release capsule against nematode and arthropod endoparasites in sheep
Authors: Rehbein St. , Batty A. F. , Barth D. , Visser M. , Timms B. J. , Barrick R. A. , Eagleson J. S. 
Published: October 2010

Five controlled trials were conducted in Germany or in the United Kingdom, using 74 female sheep of merino or Dorset horn breeds, to evaluate the efficacy of an ivermectin controlled‐release capsule against naturally acquired or induced infections of gastrointestinal nematodes, lungworms and nasal bot larvae and against incoming infections with gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes. Half of the animals were treated with one ivermectin controlled‐release capsule that delivered ivermectin at the rate of 1.6 mg per day for 100 days while the other half remained untreated. Parasites were counted 21, 28, 35 or 56 days after administration of the capsule. The treatment was highly effective (≥99 per cent) against established parasites of the following species: Haemonchus contortus (adults and fourth‐stage larvae), Ostertagia circumcincta, O pinnata, O trifurcata, Ostertagia species fourth‐stage larvae, Trichostrongylus axei, T colubriformis, T vitrinus, Cooperia curticei, Nematodirus battus, N filicollis, Strongyloides papillosus, Chabertia ovina, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Trichuris ovis, Tr skrjabini, Dictyocaulus filaria, Protostrongylus rufescens and Oestrus ovis (larvae). The treatment prevented the establishment of the gastrointestinal nematodes H contortus, O circumcincta, T axei, T colubriformnis, C curticei, N battus, N filicoliis, Ch ovina, Oe venulosum and the establishment of the lungworm D filaria by >99 per cent compared with untreated controls (P<0.01).
Evaluation of flea control strategies using fipronil on cats in a controlled simulated home environment
Authors: Hutchinson M. J. , Jacobs D. E. , Fox M. T. , Jeannin Ph. , Postal J.‐M. 
Published: October 2010

Three groups of six cats were kept in similar carpeted pens in which a self‐replicating population ofCtenocephalides felishad been established. One group was left untreated, but the other groups were treated every 28th day with 0.5 ml of a 10 per cent fipronil spot‐on formulation, and the cats in one of the treated groups also wore a methoprene collar. No fleas were found on any of the treated cats, either during the first 13 weeks of the study, when heavy flea burdens were developing in the control pen, or over the next 11 weeks when a declining number of fleas was present on the control group.
Efficacy of intranasal administration of formalin‐killedPasteurella haemolyticaA2 against intratracheal challenge in goats
Authors: Effendy A. W. M. , Zamri‐Saad M. , Puspa R. , Rosiah S. 
Published: October 2010

A trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of intranasal vaccination in protecting goats against pneumonic pasteurellosis with intramuscular vaccination using an oil adjuvant vaccine, and a combination of the two methods. Forty goats were divided into four equal groups. Group 1 was vaccinated twice intranasally with formalin‐killedPasteurella haemolyticaA2, group 2 was vaccinated twice intramuscularly with an oil adjuvant vaccine containingP haemolyticaA7, and group 3 was initially vaccinated intranasally with the formalin‐killedP haemolyticaA2 followed by intramuscular vaccination with the oil adjuvant vaccine. In each group the two vaccinations were carried out four weeks apart. Group 4 was the unvaccinated control group. All goats were challenged intratracheally with 4 ml of an inoculum containing liveP haemolyticaA2 at a concentration of 1.3 × 107colony forming units/ml two weeks after the last vaccination and were killed 14 days after the challenge. Although group 2 showed the highest clinical score following the challenge, deaths were observed only in group 3. Three goats in group 1 had pneumonic lung lesions, compared with six goats in group 2 and all the goats in groups 3 and 4. The lung lesions in group 1 were significantly (P<0.05) less severe than in groups 3 and 4. Similarly, the lesions in group 2 were markedly less severe than in groups 3 and 4, although the differences were not significant. The difference between the extent of the lung lesions in the goats in groups 1 and 2 was not significant. Antibody againstP haemolyticaA2 in group 1 reached peak levels and was significantly (P<0.01) higher than in the control group one week after the second vaccination, before declining.
Diagnosis of toxoplasma abortion in ewes by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Owen M. R. , Clarkson M. J. , Trees A. J. 
Published: October 2010

Eighteen oestrus‐synchronised ewes were infected experimentally with 1500 sporulated oocysts ofToxoplasma gondiibetween 80 and 90 days of gestation. The infection induced pyrexia and specific antibody in all the ewes. One ewe resorbed its fetus, five ewes aborted and 12 delivered live, congenitally‐infected lambs whose pre‐colostral serum was antibody‐positive. Tissues from the aborted fetuses and placentae from the live lambs were examined for toxoplasma infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the Bi gene and by mouse inoculation. Using a simple protocol of tissue preparation without DNA extraction and a nested format, PCR was as sensitive as mouse inoculation. Placental cotyledon gave a higher sensitivity of detection than brain, lung or liver, and 16 of 19 placentae were positive by PCR compared with 13 of 18 by mouse inoculation. In mock‐infected tissues, as few as 10 tachyzoites could be detected. The PCR could be applied to tissues unfit for mouse inoculation.
Control of fatty liver syndrome in a Jersey herd by a change of diet and the use of recombinant bovine somatotrophin
Authors: Laven R. A. , Andrews A. H. 
Published: October 2010

A Jersey herd was investigated following a decrease in milk yields. The cattle were permanently housed and fed a complete diet in four groups on the basis of yield. They were generally healthy, but the dry cows and many of the milking cows were over fat. The plasma concentrations of, β‐hydroxybutyrate and glucose were normal, but the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase and the concentration of non‐esterified fatty acids were high. Fatty liver syndrome was diagnosed. All the dry cows were condition scored and placed into one of three dietary groups according to their score. They were exercised in an outdoor paddock and entered the pre‐calving feeding group at least two weeks before calving; 75 per cent of them achieved a condition score of less than 3, and most of them produced normal milk yields. Thirty cows which had developed signs of fatty liver syndrome were paired and one of each pair received an injection of 640 mg of recombinant bovine somatotrophin. The yield of the treated cows was significantly higher (P<0.05) for the first two weeks after the injection. The treated cows had higher plasma concentrations of β‐hydroxybutyrate and non‐esterified fatty acids and lower plasma urea concentrations seven days after the injection. No other biochemical parameters were affected.
Causes of mortality and non‐fatal conditions among grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) found dead on the coasts of England, Wales and the Isle of Man
Authors: Baker J. R. , Jepson P. D. , Simpson V. R. , Kuiken T. 
Published: October 2010

A survey of the diseases detectable in 141 grey seals stranded on the coasts of England and Wales away from breeding colonies was carried out between mid‐1989 and early 1997. The most common fatal conditions in pups less than three weeks of age were trauma (24 per cent of deaths) and dystocia (12 per cent); in pups more than three weeks of age they were starvation (22 per cent) and pneumonia (22 per cent); in juveniles they were drowning in fishing gear (30 per cent) and starvation (19 per cent), and in adults a variety of respiratory diseases were the most common causes of death (45 per cent). Many other diseases, both fatal and non‐fatal, were recorded.
Effect of three sustained‐release devices on parasitic bronchitis in first year calves
Authors: Borgsteede F. H. M. , van der Linden J. N. , Cornelissen J. B. W. J. , Gaasenbeek C. P. H. , Ascher F. 
Published: October 2010

The effect of three intraruminal sustained‐release devices (SRD) againstDictyocaulus viviparusinfection was tested in five groups of six calves. Group 1 served as untreated controls, and groups 2, 3 and 4 were dosed with a levamisole SRD, a fenbendazole SRD, and an ivermectin SRD, respectively. Group 5 was vaccinated against lungworm and received a levamisole sRD. The calves were turned out on May 28 and the devices given seven days later. All the calves received trickle infections with a total of 200 lungworm larvae between 9 and 34 days after turnout. They were housed on October 28, challenged with 5000 lungworm larvae and slaughtered three weeks later. No clinical signs of parasitic bronchitis were observed during the study. The treated groups gained significantly more weight (P<0.05) than the controls, but did not differ among themselves. Larvae were first detected in the faeces of the control group between 25 and 32 days after the rist infection, and had a group mean of 21 larvae per gram (lpg) after 60 to 80 days, after which the lpg gradually decreased. In group 2, larvae were detected near the end of the grazing season and never exceeded a group mean of 1.5 lpg. In group 3, a very low larval output was observed after housing (group mean 0.1 lpg). Groups 4 and 5 never became patent. The results of an ELISA followed the pattern of larval output; optical densities above the cut‐off value were recorded in groups 1, 2 and 3. On the basis of worm recoveries after challenge, group 1 was immune. Group 4 had significantly more lungworms than group 2. There were no significant differences in worm numbers between groups 2, 3 and 5, but the worms in group 5 were retarded in growth (P<0.05).
Serum haptoglobin concentrations in Holstein dairy cattle with toxic puerperal metritis
Authors: Smith B. I. , Donovan G. A. , Risco C. A. , Young C. R. , Stanker L. H. 
Published: October 2010

The serum concentration of haptoglobin was measured in 51 cows with toxic puerperal metritis which were being treated with one of three different antimicrobial regimens. The mean concentration of haptoglobin was 19.0 mg/dl on the day that the treatments began and declined steadily during the five day treatment period to a mean concentration of 7.35 mg/dl. There was no correlation between the serum haptoglobin concentrations and the rectal temperatures of the cows during the five days.
Implications of BSE policy for livestock production and veterinary services in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bennett R. M. , Hallam D. 
Published: October 2010

The likely impacts of BSE policy on UK milk and beef markets and on livestock numbers between 1997 and 2000 are explored using a dynamic spreadsheet model of UK milk and beef production, and linked demand, price and supply models for alternative meats. Two accelerated slaughter policies are considered ‐ one representing the ‘Florence Agreement’ and the other involving an additional culling of calves born to confirmed BSE cases. The projections show significant changes to livestock populations over the next few years with implications for veterinary inputs. It is estimated that the BSE crisis will result in a fail in expenditure on veterinary medicines and services of around £10 million in 1999 (for the Florence Agreement) compared with that projected in the absence of the BSE crisis.
Comparison of danofloxacin with baquiloprim/sulphadimidine for the treatment of experimentally induced Escherichia coli diarrhoea in calves
Authors: White D. G. , Johnson C. K. , Cracknell V. 
Published: October 2010

Thirty‐eight, one‐ to two‐week‐old calves with experimentally induced Escherichia coli diarrhoea were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Two groups of 15 calves were treated intramuscularly once daily for three days with either danofloxacin mesylate at 1.25 mg/kg bodyweight, or with baquiloprim/sulphadimidine as a positive control (10 mg of combined active ingredient/kg); eight calves were treated with 0.9 per cent sodium chloride solution as a negative control (1 ml/20 kg). Faecal consistency, demeanour, hydration status, appetite and bodyweight were monitored before, during, and for four days after treatment by an investigator unaware of the animals' treatment. Before treatment, the clinical, biochemical, and faecal indices were similar among the groups. By 24 hours after treatment began, the proportion of observations of faeces recorded as of normal consistency was highest in the danofloxacin‐treated group (26 of 60), compared with 16 of 60 in the baquiloprim/sulphadimidine treated groups and four of 32 in the control group. The proportion of calves with a normal demeanour was highest in the danofloxacintreated group at all the evaluations and these calves gained significantly (P<0.05) more weight (1.6 [0.27] kg) than the calves treated with baquiloprim/sulphadimidine (0.67 [0.36] kg). The calves in the danofloxacin‐treated group maintained relatively normal blood pH values, whereas the calves in the control group became progressively acidotic. By the end of treatment, the mean bicarbonate concentration was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the danofloxacin‐treated calves than in the control group. The pH of the calves in the baquiloprim/sulphadimidine‐treated group changed little during treatment, but by three days after the last treatment their mean pH had dropped to the level of the calves in the control group. The mean bicarbonate concentration of the baquiloprim/sulphadimidine‐treated calves, like that of the danofloxacintreated calves, was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the calves in the control group.
Persistence of the efficacy of a moxidectin gel on the establishment of cyathostominae in horses
Authors: Vercruysse J. , Eysker M. , Demeulenaere D. , Smets K. , Dorny P. 
Published: October 2010

A controlled trial was carried out to evaluate the persistence of the effect against small strongyles of a 2 per cent moxidectin gel administered orally to foals at a dose rate of 0.4 mg/kg bodyweight. Five of nine helminth‐free foals were treated on day 0, and the remaining four foals were used as controls. On days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 all nine foals were infected experimentally with 200,000 small strongyle larvae. Three treated and two control foals were necropsied on day 42 and the rest on day 43. Fourteen species of small or medium sized small strongyles were found in the control foals, 10 of them in all four. The mean rate of establishment of the infection was 27 per cent in the control foals and 7 per cent in the treated foals. The numbers of mucosal inhibited early L3 and late L3 were about equal in each group, but there were more than 10 times as many mucosal L4 in the control foals. No lumenal stages were recovered from the treated foals, whereas almost 50 per cent of the total burdens of the control foals consisted of these stages. The establishment of the infection was prevented by moxidectin treatment for at least two and possibly three weeks.
Early manifestations of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs inoculated experimentally with a Swedish Ehrlichia species isolate
Authors: Egenvall A. , Bjöersdorff A. , Lilliehöök L. , Olsson Engvall E. , Karlstam E. , Artursson K. , Hedhammar Å. , Gunnarsson A. 
Published: October 2010

Seven beagles were inoculated experimentally with a Swedish canineEhrlichiaspecies isolate to study its pathogenicity. With respect to the 16S rRNA gene sequence, the isolate was identical to the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent and closely related to bothEhrlichia equiandE phagocytophila. After an incubation period of four to 11 days, the most prominent clinical signs were high fever for two to five days and depression. AU the dogs developed profound thrombocytopenia, moderate leukopenia and a strong serological antibody response. Ehrlichial inclusions were detected in blood neutrophils from four to 14 days after inoculation for four to eight days. Ehrlichial DNA could be detected by polymerase chain reaction during the parasitaemic stage and a few days before and after microscopic inclusions were visible. Postmortem, the dogs showed reactive splenic hyperplasia and non‐specific mononuclear reactive hepatitis.
Description of 14 cases of bovine hypokalaemia syndrome
Authors: Sattler N. , Fecteau G. , Girard C. , Couture Y. 
Published: October 2010

The records of 14 cases of bovine hypokalaemia observed between 1983 and 1996 were reviewed. The most common history included a protracted, often infectious, disease. All age groups were represented. Although previously reported as a risk factor, isoflupredone acetate had not been administered to five of the cases. The following clinical signs were recorded in 10 cases: abnormal position of the head and neck, severe weakness, rumen hypomotility or atony, abnormal faeces, anorexia and tachycardia. Cardiac dysrhythmia was observed in six cases. Acid‐base imbalance (alkalosis in 10 cases), hyperglycaemia and increased activities of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase were associated with hypokalaemia ranging from 1.35 to 2.49 mmol/litre. Treatments included symptomatic treatment, supportive care and potassium chloride given intravenously and orally at an average total daily dose of 42 g/100 kg bodyweight (26 g by mouth and 16 g intravenously) for an average of five days. Eleven cases recovered after an average of three days.
Delayed onset malignant hyperthermia in two pigs
Authors: Brodbelt D. C. , Taylor P. M. 
Published: October 2010

Malignant hyperthermia developed in two Landrace x Large White pigs, 75 and 105 minutes after the induction of anaesthesia with halothane. Rapid treatment and discontinuation of halothane anaesthesia were unable to reverse the condition in the first case but were successful in the second. The delayed onset of malignant hyperthermia after delivery of halothane is unusual and for successful treatment careful monitoring and rapid and aggressive therapy are needed.
Epidemiology of enteric disease in grower.finisher pigs: a postai survey of pig producers in England
Authors: Pearce G. P. 
Published: October 2010

A questionnaire was sent to 238 members of local pig discussion groups in the West Midlands region of England to identify farm level fators associated with the occurrence of diarrhoea in grower.finisher pigs. The questions related to the occurrence, diagnosis and aetiology of scour problems on the farm, the prevalence of common porcine diseases on the farm, the classes of pigs, staff employment, source of replacement stock and biosecurity measures, the husbandry techniques such as piglet management, use of medication, movement and mixing of pigs, dung removal and pen preparation between batches of pigs, and the physical resources such as floor type, pen divisions, watering, feeding and dung disposal systems. Replies from 105 producers keeping grower.finisher pigs were included in the analysis, 50.5 per cent of which had had a scour problem at some time in the previous three years. The causes of scour had been identified as colitis (34.3 per cent), swine dysentery (10.5 per cent) or porcine enteropathy (3.8 per cent). There was a significant association between the following fadors and the occurrence of diarrhoea in grower.finisher pigs: the use of water medication for weaners (odds ratio=11.8; P=0.002), the tail.docking of piglets (odds ratio=8.6; P=0.003), the use of a wet feeding system for finishers (odds ratio=5.9; P=0.009), finishers housed on partially slatted floors (odds ratio=3.6; P=0.044), and the use of an isolation procedure for incoming breeding stock involving exposure to dung (odds ratio=3.5; P=0.046). The use of disinfectant in the preparation of pens between batches of pigs appeared to be protective (odds ratio=0.3; P=0.046).