bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weitere Untersuchungen über die Beeinflussung des Fettgehaltes der Milch durch Beifütterung während des Weideganges
Authors: Witt M. 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungDer Fettgehalt der Milch schnellt beim übergang von der Stallhaltung zum ganztätigen Weidegang in der ersten Woche empor. In den Wochen danach nimmt er allmählich ab. Nachdem er in der 8. Weidewoche nach einem Rückgang von etwa 0,5% den tiefsten Stand erreicht hat, erholt er sich langsam wiedsr. Dieses Verhalten des Fettgehaltes der Milch ließ sich weder durch eine Beifütterung von kohlenhydrat‐reichen noch von eiweißreichen StE beeinflussen. Es bedarf weiterer sorgfältiger Untersuchungen, um die Gründe für dieses vorübergehende Absinken des Fettgehaltes der Milch zu ermitteln.
Usefulness of catheterless radiotelemetry pH monitoring system to examine the relationship between duodenal acidity and upper gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Tanimura Takashi , Adachi Kyoichi , Furuta Kenji , Ohara Shunji , Morita Terumi , Koshino Kenji , Miki Masaharu , Kinoshita Yoshikazu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  To clarify the usefulness of a newly designed method for measuring intraduodenal pH to examine the relationship between duodenal acidity and upper gastrointestinal symptoms during intragastric acid infusion.Methods:  The study subjects were six healthy volunteers. A Bravo pH capsule with thread fixed to the gastric wall was endoscopically introduced into the second portion of the duodenum, and intraduodenal acidity was measured during intragastric infusion of 300 mL of 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid or pure water through an elemental diet tube. The severity of several upper gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed by using a 10‐cm visual analogue scale every 2 min for up to 30 min, and the area under the severity scale‐time curve (cm × min.) were calculated.Results:  The percentage time during 30 min when the intraduodenal pH was < 4.0 and was significantly greater than during water infusion (61.4 ± 6.1% vs 24.8 ± 6.5%). Several upper gastrointestinal symptoms were observed during acid infusion (acid vs water epigastric heaviness, 29.1 ± 12.0 vs 2.7 ± 1.4; dull epigastric pain, 8.8 ± 4.9 vs 0.7 ± 0.7 cm × min/30 min). Intraduodenal pH below 4.0 was correlated with the severity of dull pain in the stomach (R2 = 0.342, P = 0.044).Conclusion:  The newly designed intraduodenal pH monitoring by using catheterless radiotelemetry system is useful to examine the relationship between duodenal acidity and upper gastrointestinal symptoms.
ROLE OF THE RETICULAR CELLS DURING MATURATION PROCESS OF THE ERYTHROBLAST
Authors: Seki Masatoshi , Yoneyama Tatsuo , Shirasawa Haruyuki 
Published: August 2010

SummaryFurther electron‐microscopic evidences were produced, by observing the mouse spleen fixed in glutar‐aldehyde fixative, in support of the authors' hypothesis that in the denucleation of the erythroblasts the reticular cells play an active phagocytosing role.It was pointed out that artefacts, more frequently produced by osmic acid fixation, might possibly have led to erroneous interpretations. On the basis of the findings, various hypotheses for the denucleation mechanism were criticized.
Research note: Renaming Verrucophora farcimen Eikrem, Edvardsen et Throndsen
Authors: Eikrem Wenche , Edvardsen Bente , Throndsen Jahn 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY Verrucophora farcimen is renamed Pseudochattonella farcimen, and V. farcimen should be regarded as a synonym of P. farcimen for reasons of priority.
Reading skills of Japanese second‐graders
Authors: Ogino Tatsuya , Takahashi Yoshiko , Hanafusa Kaoru , Watanabe Kiyoko , Morooka Teruko , Takeuchi Akihito , Oka Makio , Sanada Satoshi , Ohtuska Yoko 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  A few studies have explored the prevalence of dyslexia among children who speak Japanese as their native language by evaluating them individually by means of reading‐based tasks. The present study was designed to clarify the frequency of suspected dyslexia among second‐graders attending ordinary classes.Methods:  The subjects were 40 children (22 males, 18 females; 7 years 4 months–8 years 4 months; mean age, 7 years 11 months) out of 182 second‐graders at a public elementary school situated in a local city. Each subject underwent a monomoraic syllable reading task, a word reading task, a non‐word reading task, and a short sentence reading task.Results:  The scores on the four tests were not normally distributed; rather, they were strongly skewed to shorter reading time or fewer reading errors. In addition, they were significantly extended toward either longer reading time or more reading errors. Except in the non‐word reading task, most subjects only made a few reading errors. Seven subjects (17.5%) showed at least one score that was more than 1.5 IQR (interquartile range) higher than the third quartile of that subject's eight scores on the four tasks. Assuming that those seven children are potentially dyslexic, at least 3.8% of second‐graders (seven out of 182) are suspected to be suffering from dyslexia.Conclusion:  It is likely that the prevalence of dyslexia in Japan is comparable to that in Europe and the US. To confirm this, a more comprehensive study on a larger scale should be implemented in the future.
Mothers with mental health problems: a systematic review
Authors: Blegen Nina E. , Hummelvoll Jan K. , Severinsson Elisabeth 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMothers with mental health problems meet challenges in coping with their condition, the responsibility of child rearing, and fulfilling their role as a mother. The aim of this study was to create a synthesis of the previous research on mothers with mental health problems and the challenges they face. A systematic literature search of international databases was undertaken, covering the period between January 1998 and April 2009. Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria. The analysis process involved skimming, comprehending, analyzing, and synthesizing. Three themes emerged: the vulnerability of mothers with mental health problems, the fear of being perceived as not good enough as a mother, and concern that the children might develop mental health problems. In conclusion, the focus of the research field is shifting from viewing the mother's mental health problems from an individualistic perspective to considering them in a broader context of relational, economic, and environmental factors and on the basis of the mother–child relationship being characterized by interdependence.
Four unusual causes of acute dysphasia
Authors: DANCOCSK ANGELA C , McDONAGH THOMAS J 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTDysphasia has many causes, most commonly cerebrovascular accident or transient cerebral ischaemia. Four patients presented with acute dysphasia to the Department of Emergency Medicine at Fremantle Hospital within four months. Although the aetiologies were diverse and unusual, in each case the speech disturbance resolved completely with appropriate treatment.
Severe myocardial injury and rhabdomyolysis from acute oral amphetamine abuse
Authors: HENDERSON A , MAY C 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTWe report a case of a previously healthy young man who developed severe myocardial injury and rhabdomyolysis after a single oral ingestion of amphetamine. Such major toxicity is more usually associated with the use of intravenous amphetamine or chronic amphetamine abuse. Both physicians and potential drug users need to be aware that a single oral ingestion of amphetamine may produce severe, life‐threatening toxicity.
The incidence and spatial pattern of Nothofagus cunninghamii (Hook.) Oerst. attacked by Platypus subgranosus Schedl in Tasmania's cool temperate rainforest
Authors: ELLIOTT H. J. , KILE G. A. , CANDY S. G. , RATKOWSKY D. A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Data from transect surveys of 20 cool temperate rainforest sites in Tasmania were used to quantify the incidence and spatial distribution of myrtle, Nothofagus cunninghamii, attacked by the mountain pinhole borer, Platypus subgranosus. Attack by this insect is indicative of the disease ‘myrtle wilt’ caused by the pathogenic hyphomycete, Chalara australis.The proportion of myrtle trees attacked by the disease ranged from 9.4 to 53.4%, with an average incidence of 24.6%. Regression analysis indicated that attack decreased with increasing altitude and, after adjusting for altitude, callidendrous forests had a higher incidence of attack than thamnic‐implicate forests. In mixed eucalypt‐rainforest stands, the incidence of attack increased as both relative and absolute measures of myrtle density increased. However, a significant amount of variation in the incidence of attack remained unexplained by the site and stand variables measured. The incidence of attack differed significantly between diameter classes with the larger diameter trees having the highest incidence of attack. Trees with stem and crown damage had a significantly higher incidence of attack than undamaged trees. Attacked trees tended to be clumped, with the degree of clumping reasonably constant across sites, but dependent on nearest neighbour distance within sites.Dying trees occurred at an average rate of 2.4 trees ha‐1 per year or 1.6% of live trees per year across the sites.
Mark–recapture may reveal more about ecology than about population trends: Demography of a threatened ghost bat (Macroderma gigas) population
Authors: Hoyle S. D. , Pople A. R. , Toop G. J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSince European settlement in Australia, the geographical range of ghost bats (Macroderma gigas) has contracted northwards. Ghost bats are thought to occur in disjunct populations with little interpopulation migration, raising concerns over the current status and future viability of the southernmost colony, which has also been threatened by mining activity. To address these concerns, demographic parameters of the southernmost colony were estimated from a mark–recapture study conducted during 1975–1981. Female bats gave birth to a single young in late spring, but only 40% (22–70%, 95% CI) of females bred in their second year, increasing to 93% (87–97%, 95% CI) for females ≥ 2 years old. Sixty‐five percent of juveniles caught were female. Annual adult survival ranged between 0.57–0.77 for females and 0.43–0.66 for males, and was lowest over winter–spring and greatest in autumn–winter. Juvenile survival for the first year ranged between 0.35–0.46 for females and 0.29–0.42 for males. Adult survival varied among seasons, was negatively associated with rainfall, but was not associated with temperature beyond being lower in late winter. Poor survival may result from the inferior daytime roosts that bats must use if water seepage forces them to leave their normal roosts. Although these age‐specific rates of fecundity and survival suggested a declining population, mark–recapture estimates of the population trend indicated stability over the study period. Counts at daytime roosts also suggested a population decline, but were considered unreliable because of an increasing tendency of bats to avoid detection. It is therefore likely that some assumptions in estimating survival were violated. These results provide a caution against the uncritical use of population projections derived from mark–recapture estimates of demographic parameters, and the use of untested indices as the basis for conservation decisions.
Diabetes management of elective hospital admissions
Authors: Flanagan D. , Ellis J. , Baggott A. , Grimsehl K. , English P. 
Published: August 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1289–1294 (2010)AbstractAims  At any given time, people with diabetes occupy approximately 10–20% of acute hospital beds. In addition, diabetes is associated with a greater length of stay. Patients undergoing elective procedures occupy approximately 50% of hospital beds. The aim of this 12‐month project was to improve the quality of diabetes care for elective inpatients. The primary outcome measure was length of stay.Methods  A team was established to improve the quality of care and reduce the length of stay of all patients admitted electively with diabetes. Specific areas of focus were surgical pre‐assessment, planning the admission, post‐operative care and planning a safe discharge. A retrospective audit of all elective patients with a coded diagnosis of diabetes admitted between June 2008 and June 2009 was performed.Results  Comparing the year of the project with the preceding year day‐case rates for patients with diabetes increased by 34.8% for diabetes vs. 13.7% for the total hospital population (P for difference = 0.048). There was a significant fall in diabetes length of stay of 0.34 days comparing 2008 and 2009 (P = 0.040). Over the same period, we have shown a smaller reduction in length of stay for all other admissions of 0.08 days (p = 0.039).Conclusion  A team specifically employed to focus on elective inpatient diabetes care have a significant impact on length of stay of this patient group with potential cost savings.
Alleviating the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem within Probe‐Based Geospatial Analyses
Authors: Butkiewicz Thomas , Meentemeyer Ross K. , Shoemaker Douglas A. , Chang Remco , Wartell Zachary , Ribarsky William 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe present a probe‐based interface for the exploration of the results of a geospatial simulation of urban growth. Because our interface allows the user great freedom in how they choose to define regions‐of‐interest to examine and compare, the classic geospatial analytic issue known as the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) quickly arises. The user may delineate regions with unseen differences that can affect the fairness of the comparisons made between them. To alleviate this problem, our interface first alerts the user if it detects any potential unfairness between regions when they are selected for comparison. It then presents the dimensions with potential problematic outliers to the user for evaluation. Finally, it provides a number of semi‐automated tools to assist the user in correcting their regions' boundaries to minimize the inequalities they feel could significantly impact their comparisons.
Please Don't Use Science or Mathematics in Arguing for Human Rights or Natural Law
Authors: ARTOSI ALBERTO 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn the vast literature on human rights and natural law one finds arguments that draw on science or mathematics to support claims to universality and objectivity. Here are two such arguments: 1) Human rights are as universal (i.e., valid independently of their specific historical and cultural Western origin) as the laws and theories of science; and 2) principles of natural law have the same objective (metahistorical) validity as mathematical principles. In what follows I will examine these arguments in some detail and argue that both are misplaced. A section of the paper will be devoted to a discussion of arguments relying on the historical and cultural specificity (and intrinsic superiority) of Western science. The conclusion is that both science and mathematics offer little help to anyone wanting to make use of them as paradigms of universality, objectivity, and rationality. Finally, I will draw some consequences for the idea of human rights.
HARRODIAN INSTABILITY AND THE ‘NORMAL RATE’ OF CAPACITY UTILIZATION IN KALECKIAN MODELS OF DISTRIBUTION AND GROWTH—A SURVEY
Authors: Hein Eckhard , Lavoie Marc , van Treeck Till 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTStarting from potential Harrodian instability in the Kaleckian distribution and growth model we survey Kaleckian reactions put forward to avoid or to cope with this instability. We show that, contrary to the position taken by the critics of the Kaleckian model, this model is capable of maintaining an endogenous rate of capacity utilization, the paradox of thrift and the paradox of costs in the long run, even if the problem of Harrodian instability arises. We conclude that Kaleckian models are more flexible than their Harrodian and Marxian critics suppose when attacking the simple textbook version.
INTERNATIONAL OUTSOURCING, THE REAL EXCHANGE RATE AND EFFECTIVE DEMAND
Authors: Hashimoto Ken‐ichi 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTWe develop a two‐country model of international trade with outsourcing opportunities, and analyze the effects of outsourcing on employment and effective demand under stagnation. Increased outsourcing proves not only to lower employment but also to depreciate the real exchange rate which has the effect of boosting employment. The latter also dominates the former, such that employment and consumption are stimulated. The home and foreign countries respond in opposite ways, however, to the production shift and the real exchange rate adjustment. Furthermore, we find that the effects of outsourcing on consumption are opposite in the presence, and the absence, of unemployment.
European Energy Security Co‐operation: Between Amity and Enmity
Authors: KIRCHNER EMIL , BERK CAN 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThrough an application of Regional Security Complex Theory and empirical examination, this article explores the pros and cons of regional and inter‐regional energy co‐operation. In spite of present unilateral and bilateral manoeuvres on the part of EU Member States to the contrary, a common energy security policy appears feasible over the next five to ten years. However, EU–Russian co‐operation in the energy sector is not likely to improve considerably over this period, and EU attempts to counterbalance the dominant and growing position that Russia has occupied in the supply of gas to EU countries by seeking alternative energy supply from central Asia are likely to be thwarted by countervailing Russian measures.
Acts of European Citizenship: A Political Sociology of Mobility
Authors: ARADAU CLAUDIA , HUYSMANS JEF , SQUIRE VICKI 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEuropean citizenship is marked by a tension: between a citizenship that is derivative of the nation‐state and a citizenship that is defined by free movement. Approaching this tension as symptomatic of a deep‐rooted contradiction between integration and mobility that is constitutive of modern social formations, this article develops a political sociology of mobility that challenges territorial and culturalist accounts of European citizenship. It does so by exploring the political enactment of European citizenship by marginalized subjects, whose engagement in relations of exchange serves as the ground for acts of European citizenship that ‘mobilize mobility’. This is illustrated by an analysis of the 2005 Declaration for the Rights of Sex Workers in Europe.
Allele‐Sharing Statistics Using Information on Family History
Authors: Callegaro A. , Meulenbelt I. , Kloppenburg M. , Slagboom P. E. , Houwing‐Duistermaat J. J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryWhen conducting genetic studies for complex traits, large samples are commonly required to detect new genetic factors. A possible strategy to decrease the sample size is to reduce heterogeneity using available information. In this paper we propose a new class of model‐free linkage analysis statistics which takes into account the information given by the ungenotyped affected relatives (positive family history). This information is included into the scoring function of classical allele‐sharing statistics. We studied pedigrees of affected sibling pairs with one ungenotyped affected relative. We show that, for rare allele common complex diseases, the proposed method increases the expected power to detect linkage. Allele‐sharing methods were applied to the symptomatic osteoarthritis GARP study where taking into account the family‐history increased considerably the evidence of linkage in the region of the DIO2 susceptibility locus.
The intramandibular linkage in Astatotilapia elegans (Teleostei: Cichlidae): appearance and function of the meckelian cartilage
Authors: Aerts Peter 
Published: August 2010

During expansion of the bucco‐pharyngeal cavity in Astatotilapia elegans, the lower jaws depress and follow the movements of the suspensoria (abduction). Moreover, the angulo‐articular part of each ramus rotates around its longitudinal axis in such a manner that the retro‐articular process moves laterally (= lateral inclination). As a result, a part of the meckelian cartilage undergoes a torsion.Elastic moduli of the meckelian cartilage are calculated. It is supposed that during adduction of the head parts, the gained strain energy (due to torsion of the cartilage rod) may be sufficient to move the retro‐articular process medially (= medial inclination) by means of elastic resilience. The processes are then held in their resting position, closely to the ventral side of the head. Undoubtedly, the meckelian cartilage acts as a spring, preventing passive lateral movements of the retro‐articular processes. In this way, the streamlining of the fish‐head is improved when the head parts are in an adducted position.
The functional anatomy of the gills of the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula)
Authors: Metcalfe J. D. , Butler P. J. 
Published: August 2010

Vascular casting techniques combined with scanning electron microscopy of fixed tissue have been used to describe the vascular anatomy of the gills of the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula). Two distinct blood pathways were revealed: a ‘respiratory’ blood pathway which conveys deoxygenated blood from the heart to the gas exchange surface of the gills and then carries oxygenated blood away to the systemic circulation, and a ‘non‐respiratory’ blood pathway which interconnects with the respiratory blood pathway and which diverts blood into the venous drainage from the gills.The physiological function of this complex circulation in the gills of elasmobranchs is discussed in terms of both the osmotic constraints upon the animal, and the possible control of blood flow.
The ecology, morphology and behaviour of Bakerdania elliptica (Acari: Prostigmata: Pygmephoridae), a mite associated with terrestrial isopods
Authors: Colloff M. J. , Hopkin S. P. 
Published: August 2010

In deciduous woodlands near to Bristol, South‐west England, about one in ten specimens of the woodlouse Oniscus asellus (L.) are infested with Bakerdania elliptica (Krczal, 1959), a small pygmephorid mite of about 200 pm in length. Woodlice in the field rarely carry more than three mites, which are usually attached to the mid or lateral regions of the sixth and seventh pereonites on the ventral surface of the isopod. These ‘favoured sites’ correspond to regions of the exoskeleton of the woodlouse which are free from abrasion as they move through leaf litter. Mites removed from these areas and replaced on the first pereonite return to a favoured site, usually within 30 min. During this process they exhibit four distinct types of behaviour.]Uninfested specimens of Oniscus usellus maintained in laboratory tanks on leaf litter from their ‘own’ site all become infested with mites within a week. The number of mites on the isopods increases rapidly under these conditions. After six weeks, each individual carries a mean of about 50 mites. The level of infestation is subsequently stable, probably due to saturation of favoured sites, since large numbers of unattached mites can be found in the leaf litter during this period.Studies by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy have shown that Bakerdania elliptica does not feed while attached to the cuticle of Oniscus asellus, and that all attached mites are females. Males are extremely rare and occur only in leaf litter. These observations suggest that the relationship between Bakerdania elliptica and Oniscus asellus is one of phoresy and that female mites use woodlice as an aid to dispersal during their life cycle.