bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of ply stacking sequence on the mechanical response of hybrid Jute-Banana fiber phenoplast composites
Authors: B H Maruthi Prashanth , S Ramesh , Shivakumar Gouda P S , Naik Gajanan M , Sharma Priyaranjan , Jagadeesh C , Math Mahantesh M , Anne Gajanan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Natural fiber composites are increasingly gaining popularity as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic fibers. Incorporating a variety of fibers enhances mechanical properties. The arrangement of fibers plays a crucial role in determining the mechanical characteristics of laminate composites. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to investigate how the stacking order of jute (J) and banana (B) fibers affects the mechanical behaviour of composites made from phenolic resins. Four different fiber mat stacking sequences (J/B/B/J, B/J/J/B, J/B/J/B, and J/J/B/B) were used for developing the eco-fiber composites using the heat-press technique. Several mechanical parameters were assessed, including tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS). The experimental results indicated that the JBBJ composite exhibits superior tensile strength (46.65 MPa) and modulus (993 MPa) compared to the other composites due to the presence of high-strength jute fibers on the surface. Additionally, the flexural strength of the JBBJ composite (87.24 MPa) was found to be noteworthy. It was observed that the impact strength of jute fibers surpasses that of banana fibers. Consequently, the JBBJ composite demonstrates higher values for energy absorption (0.482 J) and impact strength (120 J m−1) compared to the other composites tested. Moreover, the JBBJ composite displays higher inter-laminar shear strength and hardness values compared to BJJB, JBJB, and JJBB by 30%, 35%, and 43%, respectively. Scanning electron microscope microphotographs reveal strong correlational fracture failure mechanisms, indicative of improved mechanical properties in the JBBJ composite. Based on the experimental results, it is evident that the JBBJ composite can be utilized in lightweight applications.
An artificial neural network based approach for predicting the proton beam spot dosimetric characteristics of a pencil beam scanning technique
Authors: Ranjith C P , Krishnan Mayakannan , Raveendran Vysakh , Chaudhari Lalit , Laskar Siddhartha 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Utilising Machine Learning (ML) models to predict dosimetric parameters in pencil beam scanning proton therapy presents a promising and practical approach. The study developed Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models to predict proton beam spot size and relative positional errors using 9000 proton spot data. The irradiation log files as input variables and corresponding scintillation detector measurements as the label values. The ANN models were developed to predict six variables: spot size in the x-axis, y-axis, major axis, minor axis, and relative positional errors in the x-axis and y-axis. All ANN models used a Multi-layer perception (MLP) network using one input layer, three hidden layers, and one output layer. Model performance was validated using various statistical tools. The log file recorded spot size and relative positional errors, which were compared with scintillator-measured data. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values for the x-spot and y-spot sizes were 0.356 mm and 0.362 mm, respectively. Additionally, the maximum variation for the x-spot relative positional error was 0.910 mm, while for the y-spot, it was 1.610 mm. The ANN models exhibit lower prediction errors. Specifically, the RMSE values for spot size prediction in the x, y, major, and minor axes are 0.053 mm, 0.049 mm, 0.053 mm, and 0.052 mm, respectively. Additionally, the relative spot positional error prediction model for the x and y axes yielded maximum errors of 0.160 mm and 0.170 mm, respectively. The normality of models was validated using the residual histogram and Q-Q plot. The data over fit, and bias were tested using K (k = 5) fold cross-validation, and the maximum RMSE value of the K fold cross-validation among all the six ML models was less than 0.150 mm (R-Square 0.960). All the models showed excellent prediction accuracy. Accurately predicting beam spot size and positional errors enhances efficiency in routine dosimetric checks.
‘Trademark Wars’
Authors: Mamidi Pavan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
It is not only parties to the political conflict who employ mimicry in civil war settings; oftentimes criminal actors enter the fray and exploit the identities of political actors for financial gain. This chapter examines the case of the Indian far-left militant group known as the Naxalites, who have faced extensive parasitic mimicry by extortionists posing as Naxalites to increase the chances of getting victims to pay up. Using interviews conducted in the Telangana region of south India, this chapter explores the extent and nature of this phenomenon as well as the strategies developed by the Naxalites to protect their brand and preserve the credibility of their own threats and extortions. The presence of former Naxalites among the opportunists has made for sophisticated mimicry as well as complex and shifting dynamics between mimics, dupes, and models in Naxalite-occupied territory.
The Case for Impartiality
Authors: Halberstam Chaya T 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis preliminary chapter reviews broad trends in ancient west Asian, biblical, Hellenistic (including Hellenistic-Jewish), Roman, and rabbinic writings on impartial judgment and justice. It shows that every ancient culture, despite differences in imagery and conceptualization, produces programmatic statements that uphold a neutral, objective, impartial judicial ideal. The linking of judicial decision-making to something higher and more generalized than ad hoc situational ethics and wisdom consistently appears in the legal discourses of ancient west Asia and the Greco-Roman worlds. Much as in our own time, ancient legal discourses project an image of judges who adhere to standards that transcend their particular feelings, views, or circumstances.
The King Who Cares in Daniel 6
Authors: Halberstam Chaya T 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter closely analyses the story of the trial of Daniel, ‘Daniel and the Lions’ Den’. It is a story that depicts a particular kind of Jewish negotiation with empire; rather than being subject to the whims of despots or random street violence, the subjugated population may instead face the threat of state-enforced imperial law, particularly as it infringes upon their native customs, or the ‘law of God’. Daniel 6 also frames a narrative around the very construct of an authoritative domain of law that is expected to supersede human authority (what we might think of today as the ‘rule of law’). This narrative posits that at least at times, the strict application of rules in particular instances of judgment amounts to little more than a sanitized form of mob violence.
Feeling our Way to Justice in the Story of Susanna
Authors: Halberstam Chaya T 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter closely reads the story of Susanna, showing how we, the readers/auditors, are aligned with Susanna from the start and vouch for her innocence; we feel and see, alongside the internal audience, the injustice of her condemnation. It draws on Peter Brooks’s theory of melodrama and suggests that many of his insights about modern melodramatic literature apply equally to this ancient story as well. The chapter argues that the story of Susanna presents moral truth as clear and legible, while trust in legal procedure perverts a natural course of justice. Legal logic, which attempts to transcend human frailties, diverts human judgment away from a simple moral sensibility that is accessible to all.
The Collapse of Judgment in the Trials of Jesus
Authors: Halberstam Chaya T 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores the scenes of Jesus’s trial in Mark and Matthew with the specific goal of analysing what they say about the process of judgment and the image of the judge. These two versions of the trial story suggest that judgment relies heavily on relational and affective reasoning rather than neutral logic. In this case, instead of being indexed to moral truth, this type of personal and emotional knowledge correlates to a morally suspect, but inexorable, verdict. No alternatives are presented; legal reasoning which could have been redemptive is also doomed to fail because of the overwhelming power of affect and social-relational networks.
Judging within the Rabbinic Household in the Babylonian Talmud
Authors: Halberstam Chaya T 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIncluded among the many case reports gathered in the Babylonian Talmud are some trials that go awry because of the judge’s inescapable prior relationships and affective investment in the case. Chapter 7 argues that for the authors of these narratives, the judge’s favouritism is seen as essentially inevitable, with stricter, more neutral, legal reasoning unable to compete with a far more powerful mode of knowing and deciding. Talmudic and rabbinic methodology continues to embrace legal reasoning, with an awareness of its limitations. Particular litigants and their relationships to those who render judgments come to the fore and are revealed to be far more decisive than adherence to rules and precedent; at times these personal ties lead to a broader and more perfect justice, and at times they lead to preferential treatment for insiders. These stories puncture the fantasy that a judge can transcend their material and social environment.
Conclusion
Authors: Halberstam Chaya T 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis brief conclusion presents a talmudic story that helps us situate different models of the courtroom and the process of judgment. The continuum of justice and judgment imagined by this story is contrary to one’s first instinct of what such a spectrum would look like. It draws a continuum of social justice and order by placing arbitrary violence at one end and compromise and generosity at the other, with the ‘rule of law’ presumably falling somewhere in between, neither wholly abhorrent nor wholly utopian. The conclusion then ties together the main book chapters, highlighting the similar and distinct ways the stories examined therein present a vision of courtroom justice as essentially continuous with the rest of the human and material world.
“Vital the Pending Questions”
Authors: Reznick Scott M 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFor literary historians, the 1850s have characteristically been seen as the climax, as well as the “twilight,” of American Romanticism. The later fictional works of Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville, in particular, are said to mark the moment when the protagonists of American literature begin to find themselves “looking for the world of the romance and finding that of the novel,” with its emphasis on literary realism and the faithful depiction of social circumstances. And, of course, the literary historical shift from Romanticism to realism has long been linked to the Civil War, with Romanticism relegated to precincts of antebellum U.S. literature and literary realism emerging as the dominant postbellum and late-nineteenth-century aesthetic. More recently, however, literary scholars have been productively challenging the typical bifurcation of nineteenth-century literature into pre- and post-1865 eras. The Coda gestures briefly to the literary and philosophical continuities that extend beyond the temporal boundary—1865—that has traditionally divided literary historical periods within the discipline and how a “turn to liberalism” can revivify the place of literary studies in the broader civic life of U.S. democracy.
The Person/Persona/Personality
Authors: Cheeke Stephen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with the relation between Pater’s person (his body or appearance), so frequently commented upon in biographical accounts; the literary personae or masks of his writing and reputation, and the ranging and capacious concept of ‘personality’ in his work. It describes some biographical cruxes in his reception, including the gaps in the biographical record; the strange paradox of appearing to disguise himself even when writing self-reflexively; and suggests the ways in which his notion of ‘personality’ had a major influence on nineteenth-century literary culture. Understanding the range and use of the term ‘personality’ is one of the keys to interpreting Pater.
Single-cell multi-omics analysis identifies context-specific gene regulatory gates and mechanisms
Authors: Malekpour Seyed Amir , Haghverdi Laleh , Sadeghi Mehdi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
There is a growing interest in inferring context specific gene regulatory networks from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. This involves identifying the regulatory relationships between transcription factors (TFs) and genes in individual cells, and then characterizing these relationships at the level of specific cell types or cell states. In this study, we introduce scGATE (single-cell gene regulatory gate) as a novel computational tool for inferring TF–gene interaction networks and reconstructing Boolean logic gates involving regulatory TFs using scRNA-seq data. In contrast to current Boolean models, scGATE eliminates the need for individual formulations and likelihood calculations for each Boolean rule (e.g. AND, OR, XOR). By employing a Bayesian framework, scGATE infers the Boolean rule after fitting the model to the data, resulting in significant reductions in time-complexities for logic-based studies. We have applied assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (scATAC-seq) data and TF DNA binding motifs to filter out non-relevant TFs in gene regulations. By integrating single-cell clustering with these external cues, scGATE is able to infer context specific networks. The performance of scGATE is evaluated using synthetic and real single-cell multi-omics data from mouse tissues and human blood, demonstrating its superiority over existing tools for reconstructing TF-gene networks. Additionally, scGATE provides a flexible framework for understanding the complex combinatorial and cooperative relationships among TFs regulating target genes by inferring Boolean logic gates among them.
CovEpiAb: a comprehensive database and analysis resource for immune epitopes and antibodies of human coronaviruses
Authors: Zhang Xue , Wu JingCheng , Luo Yuanyuan , Wang Yilin , Wu Yujie , Xu Xiaobin , Zhang Yufang , Kong Ruiying , Chi Ying , Sun Yisheng , Chen Shuqing , He Qiaojun , Zhu Feng , Zhou Zhan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Coronaviruses have threatened humans repeatedly, especially COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has posed a substantial threat to global public health. SARS-CoV-2 continuously evolves through random mutation, resulting in a significant decrease in the efficacy of existing vaccines and neutralizing antibody drugs. It is critical to assess immune escape caused by viral mutations and develop broad-spectrum vaccines and neutralizing antibodies targeting conserved epitopes. Thus, we constructed CovEpiAb, a comprehensive database and analysis resource of human coronavirus (HCoVs) immune epitopes and antibodies. CovEpiAb contains information on over 60 000 experimentally validated epitopes and over 12 000 antibodies for HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 variants. The database is unique in (1) classifying and annotating cross-reactive epitopes from different viruses and variants; (2) providing molecular and experimental interaction profiles of antibodies, including structure-based binding sites and around 70 000 data on binding affinity and neutralizing activity; (3) providing virological characteristics of current and past circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants and in vitro activity of various therapeutics; and (4) offering site-level annotations of key functional features, including antibody binding, immunological epitopes, SARS-CoV-2 mutations and conservation across HCoVs. In addition, we developed an integrated pipeline for epitope prediction named COVEP, which is available from the webpage of CovEpiAb. CovEpiAb is freely accessible at https://pgx.zju.edu.cn/covepiab/.
New liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry reference data for estradiol show mini-puberty in both sexes and typical pre-pubertal and pubertal patterns
Authors: Kulle Alexandra E , Caliebe Amke , Lamprecht Tabea , Reinehr Thomas , Simic-Schleicher Gunter , Schulz Esther , Kleber Michaela , Rothermel Juliane , Heger Sabine , Hiort Olaf , Holterhus Paul-Martin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
Reliable estradiol (E2) reference intervals (RIs) are crucial in pediatric endocrinology.

Objectives
This study aims to develop a sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for E2 in serum, to establish graphically represented RI percentiles and annual RIs for both sexes, and to perform a systematic literature comparison.

Methods
First, a UPLC-MS/MS method for E2 was developed. Second, graphically represented RI percentiles and annual RIs covering 0-18 years were computed (cohort of healthy children [1181 girls and 543 boys]). Subsequently, RIs were compared with published data by systematic searches.

Results
Lower limit of quantification was 11 pmol/L, indicating high sensitivity. Estradiol first peaked during mini-puberty in both sexes (girls up to 192 pmol/L; boys up to 225 pmol/L). As could be expected, girls showed higher pubertal E2 (up to 638 pmol/L). However, boys' RIs (up to 259 pmol/L) overlapped considerably. We found 4 studies in the literature that also used LC-MS/MS to determine E2 and published RIs for the complete pediatric age range. Reference intervals varied considerably. Pre-pubertal and pubertal phases were present in all studies. Higher E2 during the time of mini-puberty in both sexes was documented in 3 studies including ours.

Conclusions
Variability of RIs for E2 between studies illustrates the importance of laboratory-specific RIs despite using a LC-MS/MS reference method. In boys, the striking E2 peak during mini-puberty as well as high pubertal E2 without phenotypic estrogenization in regular male puberty indicates that the role of E2 in children and, especially in boys, requires better functional understanding.
MAB-5/Hox regulates the Q neuroblast transcriptome, including cwn-1/Wnt, to mediate posterior migration in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Paolillo Vitoria K , Ochs Matthew E , Lundquist Erik A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Neurogenesis involves the precisely coordinated action of genetic programs controlling large-scale neuronal fate specification down to terminal events of neuronal differentiation. The Q neuroblasts in Caenorhabditis elegans, QL on the left and QR on the right, divide, differentiate, and migrate in a similar pattern to produce three neurons each. However, QL on the left migrates posteriorly, and QR on the right migrates anteriorly. The MAB-5/Hox transcription factor is necessary and sufficient for posterior Q lineage migration and is normally expressed only in the QL lineage. To define genes controlled by MAB-5 in the Q cells, fluorescence-activated cell sorting was utilized to isolate populations of Q cells at a time in early L1 larvae when MAB-5 first becomes active. Sorted Q cells from wild-type, mab-5 loss-of-function (lof), and mab-5 gain-of-function (gof) mutants were subject to RNA-seq and differential expression analysis. Genes enriched in Q cells included those involved in cell division, DNA replication, and DNA repair, consist with the neuroblast stem cell identity of the Q cells at this stage. Genes affected by mab-5 included those involved in neurogenesis, neural development, and interaction with the extracellular matrix. cwn-1, which encodes a Wnt signaling molecule, showed a paired response to mab-5 in the Q cells: cwn-1 expression was reduced in mab-5(lof) and increased in mab-5(gof), suggesting that MAB-5 is required for cwn-1 expression in Q cells. MAB-5 is required to prevent anterior migration of the Q lineage while it transcriptionally reprograms the Q lineage for posterior migration. Functional genetic analysis revealed that CWN-1 is required downstream of MAB-5 to inhibit anterior migration of the QL lineage, likely in parallel to EGL-20/Wnt in a noncanonical Wnt pathway. In sum, work here describes a Q cell transcriptome, and a set of genes regulated by MAB-5 in the QL lineage. One of these genes, cwn-1, acts downstream of mab-5 in QL migration, indicating that this gene set includes other genes utilized by MAB-5 to facilitate posterior neuroblast migration.
Ploidy inference from single-cell data: application to human and mouse cell atlases
Authors: Takeuchi Fumihiko , Kato Norihiro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ploidy is relevant to numerous biological phenomena, including development, metabolism, and tissue regeneration. Single-cell RNA-seq and other omics studies are revolutionizing our understanding of biology, yet they have largely overlooked ploidy. This is likely due to the additional assay step required for ploidy measurement. Here, we developed a statistical method to infer ploidy from single-cell ATAC-seq data, addressing this gap. When applied to data from human and mouse cell atlases, our method enabled systematic detection of polyploidy across diverse cell types. This method allows for the integration of ploidy analysis into single-cell studies. Additionally, this method can be adapted to detect the proliferating stage in the cell cycle and copy number variations in cancer cells. The software is implemented as the scPloidy package of the R software and is freely available from CRAN.
Serca Uncoupling May Facilitate Cold Acclimation in Dark-Eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) without Regulation by Sarcolipin or Phospholamban
Authors: Elowe Cory R , Stager Maria 
Published: April 2024

Synopsis
Homeothermic endotherms defend their body temperature in cold environments using a number of behavioral and physiological mechanisms. Maintaining a stable body temperature primarily requires heat production through shivering or non-shivering thermogenesis (NST). Although the use of NST is well established in mammalian systems, the mechanisms and extent to which NST is used in birds are poorly understood. In mammals, one well-characterized mechanism of NST is through uncoupling of Ca2+ transport from ATP hydrolysis by sarco/endoplasmic reticulum ATPase (SERCA) in the skeletal muscle, which generates heat and may contribute to Ca2+ signaling for fatigue resistance and mitochondrial biogenesis. Two small proteins—sarcolipin (SLN) and phospholamban (PLN)—are known to regulate SERCA in mammals, but recent work shows inconsistent responses of SLN to cold acclimation in birds. In this study, we measured SERCA uncoupling in the pectoralis flight muscle of control (18°C) and cold-acclimated (−8°C) dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) that exhibited suppressed SLN transcription in the cold. We measured SERCA activity and Ca2+ uptake rates for the first time in cold-acclimated birds and found greater SERCA uncoupling in the muscle of juncos in the cold. However, SERCA uncoupling was not related to SLN or PLN transcription or measures of mitochondrial biogenesis. Nonetheless, SERCA uncoupling reduced an individual’s risk of hypothermia in the cold. Therefore, while SERCA uncoupling in the cold could be indicative of NST, it does not appear to be mediated by known regulatory proteins in these birds. These results prompt interesting questions about the significance of SLN and PLN in birds and the role of SERCA uncoupling in response to environmental conditions.