bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adhesion of Indirect MOD Resin Composite Inlays Luted With Self-adhesive and Self-etching Resin Cements
Authors: Inukai T , Abe T , Ito Y , Pilecki P , Wilson RF , Watson TF , Foxton RM 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARY
This study investigated the effect of loading on the bond strength to dentin and microleakage of MOD indirect composite restorations bonded with self-adhesive and self-etching resin cements with or without acid etching of the proximal enamel margins. Class II MOD cavities were prepared in 48 molar teeth into dentin and divided into three groups of 16 teeth. Impressions were taken and indirect composite inlays fabricated (Estenia C & B). The enamel margins of the proximal boxes of half the specimens were phosphoric acid etched, and the inlays were cemented with one of three cements (Panavia F 2.0, SA Cement, or Rely X Unicem). After luting, eight teeth in each cement group were mechanically loaded at 2.5 cycles/s for 250,000 cycles. Unloaded teeth acted as controls. Teeth were stored in Rhodamine B solution for 24 hours, sectioned buccolingually at the proximal boxes to examine microleakage using confocal microscopy, and further sectioned for μTBS testing of the resin-dentin interface. Analysis of variance was performed to assess the effect of loading and acid etching on microleakage and bond strength. Acid etching had no effect on microleakage. No significant difference in the dentin bond strengths between the three cements existed after loading. Panavia F 2.0 exhibited a significant reduction in bond strength. With regard to microleakage at the proximal boxes, loading had no effect on dye penetration at the cavity floor. However, at the axial walls, loading had a significant deleterious effect on Panavia F 2.0. No difference in microleakage existed between the three cements at both sites before and after loading. In conclusion, the two tested self-adhesive cements exhibited similar bond strengths before and after loading to the self-etching resin cement. Loading reduced dentin bond strengths and increased microleakage at the resin-dentin interface. However, acid etching of the enamel margins had no significant effect on microleakage in the approximal regions of the bonded inlays.
Preliminary experiments on use of zebrafish as a laboratory model for Giardia duodenalis infection
Authors: Tysnes Kristoffer , Jørgensen Anders , Poppe Trygve , Midtlyng Paul , Robertson Lucy 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAlthough Giardia duodenalis is considered a parasite of mammals, different genotypes have been identified as infecting several species of freshwater and marine fish in Australia. Establishment of G. duodenalis infection in common laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio), could provide an excellent tool for a range of studies on Giardia. We conducted preliminary experiments to investigate this possibility. Zebrafish were inoculated with viable G. duodenalis cysts from two different Assemblages (A and D) using a modified oro-gastric tube. Direct microscopy and immunofluorescent antibody test were used to check for Giardia cysts/trophozoites in the intestine, and histology was performed on intestinal mucosa to evaluate possible pathological changes. Giardia cysts were successfully deposited in the zebrafish alimentary tract using a modified oro-gastric tube, and were maintained in the fish gut for at least 8 days. Although a single trophozoite was observed in one fish three days post-exposure, we were unable to demonstrate established, propagative infection under the conditions tested.
A new species of Hammerschmidtiella Chitwood, 1932 (Nematoda, Thelastomatidae) parasite of the brown cockroach Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister, 1838 (Blattodea, Blattidae) from Argentina
Authors: Camino Nora , Villalobos Cristina 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA new species of the genus Hammerschmidtiella, H. eltalaensis sp. nov. parasitizing a brown cockroach Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister from El Tala river, Catamarca, Argentina, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by having the cuticle striated, without lateral alae, mouth with three toothed lips and eight labial papillae, amphids small and pore shaped, buccal capsule short, wide, with four mobile teeth, oesophagus with metacorpus valvate, isthmus cylindrical and thin surrounded by nerve ring, and a rounded basal bulb heavily muscled and valvate, the vulva is slightly protruding and lies in the anterior third of the body, didelphic, prodelphic, eggs small and elongate, the male with one spicule, without gubernaculum, the genital papillae arranged in one pair of small preanal papillae, and two postanal papillae, one pair is the base of the tail appendage. Tail appendage very long, thin, and reaching almost one third of the length of the body in the female. In the male the posterior end of the body abruptly truncated posterior to anus with spine-like long tail appendage.
Digenean parasites of Cariama cristata (Aves, Gruiformes) from Formosa Province, Argentina, with the description of a new species of the genus Strigea
Authors: Lunaschi Lía , Drago Fabiana 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA new strigeid digenean, Strigea inflecta sp. nov., is described from the small intestine of the Red-legged Seriema, Cariama cristata (L.) (Gruiformes, Cariamidae) from Formosa Province, Argentina. This species is characterized by having a body plump, a cup-shaped forebody with a large opening, a sacciform hindbody, without a neck region and strongly curved dorsally, a poorly delimited copulatory bursa, wider than longer, a shallow and asymmetrical genital atrium, and a genital cone well delimited from body parenchyma, strongly muscular, inclined towards the surface ventral of the body. Another digenean species collected from Red-legged Seriema, Brachylaima yupanquii Freitas, Kohn et Ibáñez, 1967 (Brachylaimidae) is described with the addition of new morphological characters and morphometrical data. This species is reported for the first time in Argentina and C. cristata represents a new host record.
Detection and molecular characterization of ascarid nematode infection (Toxascaris leonina and Toxocara cati) in captive Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica)
Authors: Pawar Rahul , Lakshmikantan Uthandaraman , Hasan Shakir , Poornachandar Anantula , Shivaji Sisinthy 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the ascarid infection in Asiatic lions using scat samples, based on microscopic analysis, PCR amplification of the ITS-2 region of ribosomal DNA and sequence analysis of the amplicons. Microscopic analysis indicated the presence of eggs of Toxascaris leonina in eleven of the sixteen scat samples analysed and in one of these eleven scats eggs of Toxocara cati were also detected. In five of the scats eggs were not detectable. The presence of T. leonina in all the infected samples was also confirmed by PCR amplification of the ITS-2 of ribosomal RNA gene and five of these also showed amplicons corresponding to T. cati, respectively. Toxocara canis infection was not observed in any of the scat samples. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the ITS-2 region indicated 97% to 99% similarity with T. leonina and T. cati, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular characterization of ascarid infection in captive Asiatic lions from a zoological garden of India. This study also indicates that Asiatic lions are more prone to infection either with T. leonina or T. cati and the parasite is not host specific.
Composition and origin of nodules from the ≈20 ka Pomici di Base (PB)-Sarno eruption of Mt. Somma — Vesuvius, Italy
Authors: Klébesz Rita , Bodnar Robert , Vivo Benedetto , Török Kálmán , Lima Annamaria , Petrosino Paola 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Nodules (coarse-grain “plutonic” rocks) were collected from the ca. 20 ka Pomici di Base (PB)-Sarno eruption of Mt. Somma-Vesuvius, Italy. The nodules are classified as monzonite-monzogabbro based on their modal composition. The nodules have porphyrogranular texture, and consist of An-rich plagioclase, K-feldspar, clinopyroxene (ferroan-diopside), mica (phlogopite-biotite) ± olivine and amphibole. Aggregates of irregular intergrowths of mostly alkali feldspar and plagioclase, along with mica, Fe-Ti-oxides and clinopyroxene, in the nodules are interpreted as crystallized melt pockets.
Crystallized silicate melt inclusions (MI) are common in the nodules, especially in clinopyroxenes. Two types of MI have been identified. Type I consists of mica, Fe-Ti-oxides and/or dark green spinel, clinopyroxene, feldspar and a vapor bubble. Volatiles (CO2, H2O) could not be detected in the vapor bubbles by Raman spectroscopy. Type II inclusions are generally lighter in color and contain subhedral feldspar and/or glass and several opaque phases, most of which are confirmed to be oxide minerals by SEM analysis. Some of the opaque-appearing phases that are below the surface may be tiny vapor bubbles. The two types of MI have different chemical compositions. Type I MI are classified as phono-tephrite — tephri-phonolite — basaltic trachy-andesite, while Type II MI have basaltic composition. The petrography and MI geochemistry led us to conclude that the nodules represent samples of the crystal mush zone in the active plumbing system of Mt. Somma-Vesuvius that were entrained into the upwelling magma during the PB-Sarno eruption.
The branching pattern of the middle cerebral artery: is the intermediate trunk real or not? An anatomical study correlating with simple angiography
Authors: Kahilogullari Gokmen , Ugur Hasan Caglar , Comert Ayhan , Tekdemir Ibrahim , Kanpolat Yucel 
Published: February 2012

Object
The branching structure of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) remains a debated issue. In this study the authors aimed to describe this branching structure in detail.

Methods
Twenty-seven fresh, human brains (54 hemispheres) obtained from routine autopsies were used. The cerebral arteries were first filled with colored latex and contrast agent, followed by fixation with formaldehyde. All dissections were done under a microscope. During examination, the trunk structures of the MCA and their relations with cortical branches were demonstrated. Lateral radiographs of the same hemispheres were then obtained and comparisons were made. Angles between the MCA trunks were measured on 3D CT cerebral angiography images in 25 patients (50 hemispheres), and their correlations with the angles obtained in the cadaver brains were evaluated.

Results
A new classification was made in relation to the terminology of the intermediate trunk, which is still a subject of debate. The intermediate trunk was present in 61% of cadavers and originated from a superior trunk in 55% and from an inferior trunk in 45%. Cortical branches supplying the motor cortex (precentral, central, and postcentral arteries) significantly originated from the intermediate trunk, and the diameter of the intermediate trunk significantly increased when it originated from the superior trunk. In measurements of the angles between the superior and intermediate trunks, it was found that the intermediate trunk had significant dominance in supplying the motor cortex as the angle increased. The intermediate trunk was classified into 3 types based on the angle values and the distance to the bifurcation point as Group A (pseudotrifurcation type), Group B (proximal type), and Group C (distal type). Group A trunks were seemingly closer to the trifurcation structure that has been reported on in the literature and was seen in 15%. Group B trunks were the most common type (55%), and Group C trunks were characterized as the farthest from the bifurcation point. Group C trunks also had the smallest diameter and fewest cortical branches. Similarities were found between the angles in cadaver specimens and on 3D CT cerebral angiography images. Beyond the separation point of the MCA, trunk structures always included the superior trunk and inferior trunk, and sometimes the intermediate trunk.

Conclusions
Interrelations of these vascular structures and their influences on the cortical branches originating from them are clinically important. The information presented in this study will ensure reliable diagnostic approaches and safer surgical interventions, particularly with MCA selective angiography.
Indocyanine green fluorescence endoscopy for visual differentiation of pituitary tumor from surrounding structures
Authors: Litvack Zachary N. , Zada Gabriel , Laws Edward R. 
Published: February 2012

Object
As demonstrated by histological and neuroimaging studies, pituitary adenomas have a capillary vascular density that differs significantly from that of surrounding structures. The authors hypothesized that intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence endoscopy could be used to visually differentiate tumor from surrounding tissues, including normal pituitary gland and dura.

Methods
After institutional review board approval, 16 patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for benign pituitary lesions were prospectively enrolled in the study. A standard endoscopic endonasal approach to the sella was completed. Each patient then underwent endoscopic examination of the sellar dura and then the exposed pituitary adenoma after ICG bolus injection (12.5–25 mg). This examination was performed using a custom endoscope with a near-infrared light source and excitation wavelength filter.

Results
The authors successfully recorded ICG fluorescence from sellar dura, pituitary, and surrounding structures in 12 of 16 patients enrolled. There were 3 technical failures of intraoperative ICG endoscopy, and 1 patient was excluded following discovery of a dye cross-allergy. A standard dose of 25 mg of ICG in 10 ml of aqueous solution optimized visualization of sellar region microvasculature within 45 seconds of peripheral bolus injection. Adenoma was less fluorescent than normal pituitary gland. Dural invasion by tumor was identifiable by a marked increase in fluorescence compared with native dura. The ICG endoscopic examination added 15–20 minutes of operative time under general anesthesia. There were no complications that resulted from use of ICG or the fluorescent light source.

Conclusions
Indocyanine green fluorescence endoscopy shows promise as an intraoperative modality to visually distinguish pituitary tumors from normal tissue and to visually identify areas of dural invasion, thereby facilitating complete tumor resection and minimizing injury to surrounding structures. These results support the continued development of fluorescence endoscopic resection techniques.
Julien Auguste et l'aristocratie municipale d'Afrique. [Réflexions méthodologiques]
Authors: Kotula Tadeusz 
Published: February 2012

Les textes épigraphiques en l'honneur des empereurs, peuvent-ils exprimer les sentiments véritables des provinciaux ? Ce problème méthodologique est examiné à la lumière des inscriptions africaines dédiées à Julien Auguste (361-363) par les conseils de décurions des cités de Numidie. L'A. s'oppose à l'opinion de E. Pack qui insiste sur la banalité notoire des sources officielles de ce type. On est plutôt amené à penser que le programme de reparatio civitatium lancé par Julien et la politique religieuse de l'Apostat purent lui gagner la sympathie vive et sincère de l'aristocratie municipale africaine. Elle s'exprimait sans doute, malgré leur banalité habituelle dans les dédicaces impériales, et les formules Ob reparationem civitatis, curiarum recreator, restitutor Romanae religionis etc.. paraissent en témoigner (CIL, VIII, 4 326+ 18 529, Casae ; ILAlg., II, 4674, Thibilis ; et - comme analogie extra-africaine - AE 1969/70, 631, Palestine). Ceci concerne également les milliaires comportant des louanges peu communes à l'adresse de Julien Auguste. Sont invoqués aussi les témoignages littéraires (saint Augustin) qui prouvent, pour leur part, l'attachement des élites municipales africaines à la cause de Julien.
Il est donc bien probable que dans certaines situations historiques, même les documents officiels stéréotypés qu'étaient les textes en l'honneur des princes, ont pu refléter, derrière leurs slogans usuels, les options politiques des hautes couches sociales. Le règne de Julien l'Apostat, bref mais franchement révolutionnaire, demeure particulièrement instructif à cet égard.
Assessing allometric models to predict vegetative growth of mango (Mangifera indica; Anacardiaceae) at the current‐year branch scale
Authors: Normand Frédéric , Lauri Pierre‐Éric 
Published: February 2012

•Premise of the study:Accurate and reliable predictive models are necessary to estimate nondestructively key variables for plant growth studies such as leaf area and leaf, stem, and total biomass. Predictive models are lacking at the current‐year branch scale despite the importance of this scale in plant science.•Methods:We calibrated allometric models to estimate leaf area and stem and branch (leaves + stem) mass of current‐year branches, i.e., branches several months old studied at the end of the vegetative growth season, of four mango cultivars on the basis of their basal cross‐sectional area. The effects of year, site, and cultivar were tested. Models were validated with independent data and prediction accuracy was evaluated with the appropriate statistics.•Key results:Models revealed a positive allometry between dependent and independent variables, whosey‐intercept but not the slope, was affected by the cultivar. The effects of year and site were negligible. For each branch characteristic, cultivar‐specific models were more accurate than common models built with pooled data from the four cultivars. Prediction quality was satisfactory but with data dispersion around the models, particularly for large values.•Conclusions:Leaf area and stem and branch mass of mango current‐year branches could be satisfactorily estimated on the basis of branch basal cross‐sectional area with cultivar‐specific allometric models. The results suggested that, in addition to the heteroscedastic behavior of the variables studied, model accuracy was probably related to the functional plasticity of branches in relation to the light environment and/or to the number of growth units composing the branches.
Comment transmettre un patrimoine séculaire sans perdre son esprit séculier ?
Authors: Baumann Denise , Gillig Marie-Hélène 
Published: February 2012

Résumé Les sœurs de la Charité, qui œuvrent depuis 1734 au service de l’homme souffrant, transmettent leur patrimoine (hôpitaux, maisons de retraite, maisons d’accueil pour jeunes en difficulté) à des laïcs. Comment pourront-ils le faire vivre dans une culture sécularisée ?
SILICA-RICH FILLER FOR THE REINFORCEMENT IN NATURAL RUBBER
Authors: Boonkerd Kanoktip , Chuayjuljit Saowaroj , Abdulraman Dalip , Jaranrangsup Weerakul 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the reinforcing efficacy of a silica-rich filler, pottery stone (PS), in natural rubber (NR). The effects of amount and particle size of PS on curing and mechanical properties of the NR compounds were determined. The PS was first divided into four groups. Two of these were raw PS without grinding, which were sieved to particle sizes of less than 106 μm (PS(&lt;106)) and less than 38 μm (PS(&lt;38)). The other two were ground PS, one by current jet milling to obtain PS(JM), and the other by wet ball milling to obtain PS(BM). The particle size distribution of the four different PS prior to ultrasonication was in the ranked order (largest to smallest size), based upon their d(0.5) and d(0.9), of PS(BM), PS(&lt;106), PS(&lt;38), and PS(JM). However, after ultrasonication for 10 min, PS(BM) had the smallest d(0.5) at less than a micron, while the remaining three PS groups showed nearly the same d(0.5) being within the range of 3–5 μm. The presence of PS shortened the cure time, with PS(BM) inducing the greatest decrease in the cure time, while this was somewhat dose independent for at least PS(JM) and PS(&lt;106). For all four PS groups, when present at 20 phr or more, the delta torque of the PS filled NR was higher than that of the unfilled one. However, the addition of PS had no significant effect on the number of crosslinks. With respect to the mechanical properties of the NR filled with PS, it was generally observed that NR filled with PS(BM) at 20–50 phr gave a higher tear and tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and hardness than both the unfilled NR and also the NR filled with the other three PS groups. The optimum PS(BM) loading was at 30 phr.
NOVEL IN SITU SILICA/POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE NANOCOMPOSITES: FACILE ONE-POT SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Roy Nabarun , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Synthesis of in situ silica/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites by using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as the precursor for silica and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane for the polymer in presence of base was undertaken. Simultaneous generation of silica and polymer and dispersion of the nanofiller in the polymer have been reported for the first time. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used as a tool to monitor the reaction conditions. The structure–property relationship of in situ silica/PDMS nanocomposites has been highlighted. Transmission electron microscopic studies reveal finest extent of dispersion of the in situ generated nanosilica, which is found to undergo polymorphic modification determined from wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Nanocomposites exhibit huge improvement in mechanical properties (&gt;150% improvement in tensile strength for just 2 phr TEOS-filled sample) and room temperature storage modulus (&gt;460% improvement in storage modulus for 8 phr TEOS-loaded sample). Polymer–filler interaction significantly improves oxidative thermal stability of the nanocomposites.
NATURAL RUBBER HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH SWELLED ORGANOCLAY AND NANO-CALCIUM CARBONATE
Authors: Ghari Hedayatollah Sadeghi , Shakouri Zahra 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Two natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites have been prepared with organoclay(MMT) and swelled organoclay (SMMT) using melt intercalation method. The effect of these two MMTss on the morphology, rheometery, and mechanical behaviors of NR has been evaluated. Scorch times for the MMT-filled compounds were very short compared to unfilled compounds. A more pronounced effect was achieved by using SMMT as reinforcing agent. The obtained results reveal that nanocomposites reinforced by SMMT have more adequate morphology, rheometery, and mechanical behaviors as well as swelling resistance. The microstructure of the NR/MMT systems was studied by x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Following, the effect of different content of nano-calcium carbonate on dispersion of MMT layers in NR/SMMT nanocomposites was investigated. The results show that the optimized value of filler in dual fillers-based nanocomposite systems was equal to 10 phr nano-calcium carbonate. NR based hybrid nanocomposites containing SMMT and nano-calcium carbonate was showed 445% increase in tensile strength, 144% stress improvement at 100% strain, and only 3% increase in elongation at break compared to pure NR.