bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaphase B spindle dynamics in Drosophila S2 cells: Comparison with embryo spindles
Authors: de Lartigue Jane , Brust-Mascher Ingrid , Scholey Jonathan M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
In the Drosophila melanogaster syncytial blastoderm stage embryo anaphase B is initiated by a cell cycle switch in which the suppression of microtubule minus end depolymerization and spatial reorganization of the plus ends of outwardly sliding interpolar microtubules triggers spindle elongation. RNA interference in Drosophila cultured S2 cells may present a useful tool for identifying novel components of this switch, but given the diversity of spindle design, it is important to first determine the extent of conservation of the mechanism of anaphase B in the two systems.

Results
The basic mechanism, involving an inverse correlation between poleward flux and spindle elongation is qualitatively similar in these systems, but quantitative differences exist. In S2 cells, poleward flux is only partially suppressed and the rate of anaphase B spindle elongation increases with the extent of suppression. Also, EB1-labelled microtubule plus ends redistribute away from the poles and towards the interpolar microtubule overlap zone, but this is less pronounced in S2 cells than in embryos. Finally, as in embryos, tubulin FRAP experiments revealed a reduction in the percentage recovery after photobleaching at regions proximal to the pole.

Conclusions
The basic features of the anaphase B switch, involving the suppression of poleward flux and reorganization of growing microtubule plus ends, is conserved in these systems. Thus S2 cells may be useful for rapidly identifying novel components of this switch. The quantitative differences likely reflect the adaptation of embryonic spindles for rapid, streamlined mitoses.
IUPAC-IUGS common definition and convention on the use of the year as a derived unit of time (IUPAC Recommendations 2011)
Authors: Holden Norman E. , Bonardi Mauro L. , De Bièvre Paul , Renne Paul R. , Villa Igor M. 
Published: April 2011

The units of time (both absolute time and duration) most practical to use when dealing with very long times, for example, in nuclear chemistry and earth and planetary sciences, are multiples of the year, or annus (a). Its proposed definition in terms of the SI base unit for time, the second (s), for the epoch 2000.0 is 1 a = 3.1556925445 × 107 s. Adoption of this definition, and abandonment of the use of distinct units for time differences, will bring the earth and planetary sciences into compliance with quantity calculus for SI and non-SI units of time.
Modification of NiAl Intermetallic Coatings Processed by PTA with Chromium Carbides
Authors: Yano D. H. S. , Brunetti C. , Pintaude G. , D’Oliveira A. S. C. M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Equipment that operates under high-temperatures can be protected with NiAl intermetallic coatings because of their metallurgical stability. This study evaluates the effect of chromium carbides added to Ni–Al intermetallic coatings processed by plasma transferred arc (PTA). Mixtures of Ni and Al powders with and without different Cr23C6 fractions (15, 30, and 45 wt %) were deposited by PTA on an AISI 304 stainless steel plate, using two different currents (100 and 150 A). Coatings were evaluated for the presence of welding defects, and the developed microstructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Vickers microhardness and semiquantitative energy dispersive spectroscopy chemical composition were also determined. NiAl and Cr7C3 development was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. A combination of NiAl/Cr–Fe–Ni phases was identified. The hardness was strongly related to the formed phases and volume fractions. The present study shows that PTA hardfacing can be used to produce reinforced intermetallic coatings for high-temperature applications, showing significant advances toward the development of coatings that can withstand severe operation conditions.
Functional magnetic resource imaging assessment of altered brain function in hypothyroidism during working memory processing
Authors: He Xiao-Song , Ma Ning , Pan Zhong-Lin , Wang Zhao-Xin , Li Nan , Zhang Xiao-Chu , Zhou Jiang-Ning , Zhu De-Fa , Zhang Da-Ren 
Published: April 2011

ContextHypothyroidism is related to multiple cognitive deficits including working memory dysfunction, of which the underlying neural correlates were rarely studied. In this study, the impact of hypothyroidism on neural circuits involved in working memory processing was explored by functional magnetic resource imaging (fMRI).DesignUsing fMRI, we conducted a longitudinal study investigating alterations of brain function during a working memory task, the four-digit backward recall (BR) and forward recall (FR), in hypothyroid patients and controls.MethodsfMRI scan was used in 13 female patients at two time points: before and after having been treated with levothyroxine (L-T4) for ∼6 months, and 12 matched euthyroid controls were also scanned. Wechsler Memory Scale–Chinese Revision was used to assess the memory states of each participant.ResultsThe hypothyroid patients showed poorer memory states than that in controls. Furthermore, significant differences of task-induced deactivation (TID, task-dependent decreases in neural activity relative to rest) between patients and controls were found in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortices, posterior cingulate cortices, and left inferior partial lobule (P<0.05). These regions were considered as parts of a task-negative network, namely the default mode network (DMN). Concretely, relative to controls, patients showed diminished TID during BR in contrast to FR. After the L-T4 treatment, neither the poor memory states nor the alteration of TID was detectable in patients.ConclusionHypothyroidism is related to alterations of TID within DMN regions during working memory processing. These exploratory findings may imply potential neural correlates in hypothyroidism-related cognitive deficits and their recoveries.
The Effects of Heat Treatment on the NiO Nanoparticles
Authors: Han Dongyun , Wang Hongyan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe microemulsion method is one of the effective methods for preparing nanoparticles in recent years. It has the advantages of simple apparatus, easy operation and controllable particle size. The precursors of NiO nanoparticles were successfully prepared in TritonX-100/n-hexanol/cyclohexane/water W/O microemulsion system using nickel chloride and ammonia water as raw materials. NiO nanoparticles were obtained after heat treatment of the precursors. The effects of heat treatment on the morphology and size distribution of NiO nanoparticles were systematically investigated. The result showed that the size, morphology and dispersion of NiO nanoparticles in the microemulsion state were much better than that in the state after heat treatment. XRD and TEM also showed the size of the NiO nanoparticles increased largely with the increase of heat treatment temperature.
An Investigation into the Morphometric Developments of the Maxillary and Mandibular Arches during the Fetal Period
Authors: Esenlik Elçin , Şener Emine Hilal , Koçer Gúlperi Şanli , Malas Mehmet Ali 
Published: April 2011

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the developments, morphometric features, and shapes of the maxillary and mandibular arches during the prenatal period in a large series of fetal material. Methods The study was carried out on 225 human fetuses aged between 8 and 40 weeks of gestation. General, extraoral, and intraoral parameters were taken from each fetus. The width and depth measurements and the shapes of the maxillary and mandibular arches were achieved using the casts obtained. The arches were categorized according to the shapes of the anterior and posterior regions of the arches. Results Palatal and mandibular indices did not change during the prenatal period. Maxillary arch measurements were greater than the mandibular measurements. Moreover, width measurements of both arches were greater than the depth measurements during fetal life. We found that the frequencies of triangular maxillary and mandibular arches were highest in the first and second trimesters; whereas, the square model became more frequent in the third trimester and at full term. Classification of the arches according to their posterior regions showed that the tips of the arches shifted medially toward the term. There were significant correlations between width and depth parameters of the arches and extraoral parameters. Conclusion Data obtained in the study would be useful for clinicians by presenting an objective scale related to the prenatal period as well as being helpful in assessing the development of this region, identifying the anomalies and pathologies, and assisting treatment.
Health Care Network Formation and Policyholders' Welfare
Authors: Bardey David , Bourgeon Jean-Marc 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
We develop a model in which two insurers and two health care providers compete for a fixed mass of policyholders. Insurers compete in premium and offer coverage against financial consequences of health risk. They have the possibility to sign agreements with providers to establish a health care network. Providers, partially altruistic, are horizontally differentiated with respect to their physical address. They choose the health care quality and compete in price. First, we show that policyholders are better off under a competition between conventional insurance rather than under a competition between integrated insurers (Managed Care Organizations). Second, we reveal that the competition between a conventional insurer and a Managed Care Organization (MCO) leads to a similar equilibrium than the competition between two MCOs characterized by a different objective, i.e. private versus mutual. Third, we point out that the ex ante providers' horizontal differentiation leads to an exclusionary equilibrium in which both insurers select one distinct provider. This result is in sharp contrast with frameworks that introduce the concept of option value to model the (ex post) horizontal differentiation between providers.
Anti-Phospholipase A2 Receptor Antibodies Correlate with Clinical Status in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Hofstra Julia M. , Beck Laurence H. , Beck David M. , Wetzels Jack F. , Salant David J. 
Published: April 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Circulating autoantibodies against the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (anti-PLA2R) were recently identified in the majority of patients in the United States with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN). The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of anti-PLA2R in a separate, European cohort of iMN patients and to correlate the presence of anti-PLA2R with clinical parameters reflective of disease activity.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Anti-PLA2R levels were blindly assessed by a Western blot immunoassay in 54 serum samples from 18 patients with iMN collected in various stages of clinical disease. Anti-PLA2R levels were correlated with other clinical parameters.

Results
77.8% of iMN patients in our cohort had antibodies reactive with human PLA2R. The antibody levels in these patients correlated strongly with both clinical status and proteinuria (r = 0.73, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
The role of PLA2R as a major antigen in iMN was confirmed in an independent, European patient cohort, and levels of circulating anti-PLA2R revealed a strong correlation with clinical disease activity. We propose that detection and measurement of these autoantibodies may provide a tool for monitoring of disease activity and treatment efficacy.
Local pseudo-BCK algebras with pseudo-product
Authors: Ciungu Lavinia 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Pseudo-BCK algebras were introduced by G. Georgescu and A. Iorgulescu as a generalization of BCK algebras in order to give a corresponding structure to pseudo-MV algebras, since the bounded commutative BCK algebras correspond to MV algebras. Properties of pseudo-BCK algebras and their connections with other fuzzy structures were established by A. Iorgulescu and J. Kühr. The aim of this paper is to define and study the local pseudo-BCK algebras with pseudo-product. We will also introduce the notion of perfect pseudo-BCK algebras with pseudo-product and we will study their properties. We define the radical of a bounded pseudo-BCK algebra with pseudo-product and we prove that it is a normal deductive system. Another result consists of proving that every strongly simple pseudo-hoop is a local bounded pseudo-BCK algebra with pseudo-product.
Regular elements in generalized hermitian algebras
Authors: Foulis David , Pulmannová Sylvia 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A generalized Hermitian (GH) algebra is a special Jordan algebra that is at the same time a spectral order-unit space. In this paper we characterize the von Neumann regular elements in a GH-algebra, relate maximal pairwise commuting subsets of the algebra to blocks in its projection lattice, and prove a Gelfand-Naimark type representation theorem for commutative GH-algebras.
A uniqueness result related to certain non-linear differential polynomials sharing the same 1-points
Authors: Banerjee Abhijit , Bhattacharjee Pranab 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to study the uniqueness of meromorphic function when certain non-linear differential polynomials share the same 1-points. As a consequence of the main result we improve and supplement the following recent result: [LAHIRI, I.—PAL, R.: Nonlinear differential polynomials sharing 1-points, Bull. Korean Math. Soc. 43 (2006), 161–168].
On some new generalized difference sequence spaces on seminormed spaces defined by a sequence of Orlicz functions
Authors: Bektaş Çiğdem 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
In this paper we define the sequence space ℓ
M(Δυm, p, q, s) on a seminormed complex linear space, by using a sequence of Orlicz functions. We study some algebraic and topological properties. We prove some inclusion relations involving ℓ
M(Δυm, p, q, s). spaces
A Voronovskaya-type formula for SMK operators via statistical convergence
Authors: Aral Ali , Duman Oktay 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
In this paper, we obtain a statistical Voronovskaya-type theorem for the Szász-Mirakjan-Kantorovich (SMK) operators by using the notion of A-statistical convergence, where A is a non-negative regular summability matrix.
Convergence rates of the LIL for random fields in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Fu Ke-Ang , Yang Xiao-Rong 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Considering the positive d-dimensional lattice point Z
+d (d ≥ 2) with partial ordering ≤, let {X
k: k ∈ Z
+d} be i.i.d. random variables taking values in a real separable Hilbert space (H, ‖ · ‖) with mean zero and covariance operator Σ, and set $$
S_n = \sum\limits_{k \leqslant n} {X_k }
$$, n ∈ Z
+d. Let σ
i2, i ≥ 1, be the eigenvalues of Σ arranged in the non-increasing order and taking into account the multiplicities. Let l be the dimension of the corresponding eigenspace, and denote the largest eigenvalue of Σ by σ
2. Let logx = ln(x ∨ e), x ≥ 0. This paper studies the convergence rates for $$
\sum\limits_n {\frac{{\left( {\log \log \left| n \right|} \right)^b }}
{{\left| n \right|\log \left| n \right|}}} P\left( {\left\| {S_n } \right\| \geqslant \sigma \varepsilon \sqrt {2\left| n \right|\log \log \left| n \right|} } \right)
$$. We show that when l ≥ 2 and b > −l/2, E[‖X‖2(log ‖X‖)d−2(log log ‖X‖)b+4] < ∞ implies $$
\begin{gathered}
\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\varepsilon \searrow \sqrt {d - 1} } (\varepsilon ^2 - d + 1)^{b + l/2} \sum\limits_n {\frac{{\left( {\log \log \left| n \right|} \right)^b }}
{{\left| n \right|\log \left| n \right|}}P\left( {\left\| {S_n } \right\| \geqslant \sigma \varepsilon \sqrt 2 \left| n \right|\log \log \left| n \right|} \right)} \hfill \\
= \frac{{K(\Sigma )(d - 1)^{\frac{{l - 2}}
{2}} \Gamma (b + l/2)}}
{{\Gamma (l/2)(d - 1)!}} \hfill \\
\end{gathered}
$$, where Γ(·) is the Gamma function and $$
\prod\limits_{i = l + 1}^\infty {((\sigma ^2 - \sigma _i^2 )/\sigma ^2 )^{ - {1 \mathord{\left/
{\vphantom {1 2}} \right.
\kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} }
$$.
Surgical Complications in Early Period after Renal Transplantation
Authors: Jushinskis Janis , Suhorukovs Vadims , Trushkovs Sergejs , Bicans Janis , Shevelevs Victors , Rozentals Rafails 
Published: April 2011

Surgical Complications in Early Period after Renal Transplantation
Introduction. Growing number of elderly transplant recipients and expansion of the criteria for organ donation may increase the risk of post-transplant complications and impact outcomes. Aim of the Study. The aim of this study was to define the rate of surgical complications needing re-operations and their impact on posttransplant outcomes. Materials and methods. Study includes 202 consecutive deceased donor renal transplantations performed from 01.01.2004 till 31.12.2006. with further follow-up for 3 years. We analyzed the rate of re-operations, associated donor, recipient and transplantation factors and impact on post-transplant outcomes. Results. Reasons for re-operations were bleeding and hematoma formation (n=27), urological complications (n=18) and lymphocele (n=26). Hematomas were associated increased donor body mass index (BMI, p=0,067), presence of glomerular sclerosis at zero-time biopsy (p=0,034) and with development of urological complications (p=0,004) and delayed graft function (p=0,012). Urological complications were not associated with donor, recipient and transplant factors. Lymphocele were associated with donor factors (non-traumatic brain death, p=0,034, asystoly and hypotension, p=0,077, BMI, p=0,061, presence of glomerular sclerosis at zero-time biopsy, p=0,030), re-transplantations (p=0,092) and ATG use (p=0,094). Graft loss and patient survival during the follow-up period were not associated with mentioned surgical complications. Conclusions. Post-transplant surgical complications are associated with donor condition but without impact on three-year graft and patient survival.
Impact of Subclinical Rejection on Kidney Graft Function During the First Year after Transplantation
Authors: Suhorukovs Vadims , Jushinskis Janis , Rozental Rafail 
Published: April 2011

Impact of Subclinical Rejection on Kidney Graft Function During the First Year after Transplantation
Introduction. There is no unified opinion about the role of subclinical rejection (SR) in further kidney graft function and the necessity of its treatment. Aim of the Study. The aim of our study is to determine the impact of SR on kidney graft function during the first year after transplantation. Materials and methods. Totally 144 deceased donor kidney transplantations were performed in a single center between January 1, 2007, and March 16, 2009. The study included patients who developed the primary graft function (n=78). Protocol biopsies were performed in 28 patients. The patients were divided into 4 groups: group A - patients, who had no histological signs of rejection on their protocol biopsy; group B - patients with histological signs of rejection who were treated with steroids; group C - patients with histological signs of rejection and with no treatment; group D - patients who were not biopsied. All groups were compared for serum creatinine level, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), number of clinical rejection 1, 3, 6, 12 months after the transplantation. Results. Histological examination revealed that 18 of 28 patients who underwent the protocol biopsy had SR grade from IA to IIA (64.3%). Comparison of the group showed no statistical difference in creatinine level and GFR 12 months after the transplantation (p > 0,05 for all groups). Conclusions. During the first 12 months after transplantation SR does not significantly impact the graft function. However, the graft function was slightly worse in patients with SR and without treatment, and relatively better in patients with SR who were treated by steroids than in patients from others groups. Further follow-up is needed to determine the longer-term results.
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour of the Breast in Complex Clinical Background
Authors: Abolins Arnis , Vanags Andrejs , Volanska Guna , Melbarde-Gorkusa Inga , Strumfa Ilze , Trofimovics Genadijs , Gardovskis Janis 
Published: April 2011

Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour of the Breast in Complex Clinical Background
Here we describe a patient presenting with combination of three rare diseases, namely de novo malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour of the breast, small cell variant of medullary thyroid carcinoma and multiple sclerosis. Although the combination by chance seems unlikely, the detailed history does not correspond to any of the known hereditary cancer syndromes and hypothetically may represent a new entity.
Management of a Patient with Double Aortic Arch and Severe Tracheal Compression
Authors: Lacis Aris , Bergmane Inta , Ligere Elina , Ozolins Valts , Smits Lauris , Sikora Normunds 
Published: April 2011

Management of a Patient with Double Aortic Arch and Severe Tracheal Compression
Vascular ring presents less than 1% of all congenital cardiovascular anomalies and may cause respiratory symptoms and feeding problems, double aortic arch (DAA) is the most common vascular ring (40%). The anomaly is due to a failure of regression of both the right and the left fourth branchial arches, resulting in right and left aortic arches which completely encircle and compress the trachea and esophagus, producing respiratory distress and feeding problems in early infancy (1, 2, 3, 4). The first post-mortem description of double aortic arch was in 1737 by Hommell. In 1945 Gross accomplished the first successful surgical intervention for a DAA (3). Double aortic arch is commonly an isolated anomaly but is occasionally associated with a variety of congenital heart defects (ventricular septal defect, transposition of the great arteries, tetrology of Fallot, coarctation of the aorta and chromosomal abnormalities as microdeletion of 22q11.2. The clinical course of the disease and its manifestation depends on the compression of the esophagus and trachea. The most common symptoms are persistent cough (78%), dyspnoe (75%), recurrent respiratory infections (56%), feeding problems (25-40%), and failure to thrive (5%). Symptomatic tracheobronchial compression varies inversely with the severity of compression. Tracheal compression causes airflow obstruction and decreased mucociliary clearance of secretions, leading to recurrent bronchopulmonary infections. Reflex apnoe is hypothesized to be a type of respiratory arrest that occurs when vagal afferent nerves are stimulated. Respiratory distress and a history of recurrent pulmonary infections and apneic spells are indications for surgical intervention (1, 2, 3). Division of the smaller of the two arches (usually the left) is performed through the left thoracotomy. There are three successful operations in the cases of vascular ring done in the Clinics for Pediatric cardiology and Cardiac surgery of University hospital for Children in Riga. We present the one of the cases with successful treatment of severe tracheal compression.