bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct Regulation of Mlh1p Heterodimers in Meiosis and Mitosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Cotton Victoria E , Hoffmann Eva R , Borts Rhona H 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Mlh1p forms three heterodimers that are important for mismatch repair (Mlh1p/Pms1p), crossing over during meiosis (Mlh1p/Mlh3p), and channeling crossover events into a specific pathway (Mlh1p/Mlh2p). All four proteins contain highly conserved ATPase domains and Pms1p has endonuclease activity. Studies of the functional requirements for Mlh1p/Pms1p in Saccharomyces cerevisae revealed an asymmetric contribution of the ATPase domains to repairing mismatches. Here we investigate the functional requirements of the Mlh1p and Mlh3p ATPase domains in meiosis by constructing separation of function mutations in Mlh3p. These mutations are analogous to mutations of Mlh1p that have been shown to lead to loss of ATP binding and/or ATP hydrolysis. Our data suggest that ATP binding by Mlh3p is required for meiotic crossing over while ATP hydrolysis is dispensable. This has been seen previously for Mlh1p. However, when mutations that affect ATP hydrolysis by both Mlh3p and Mlh1p are combined within a single cell, meiotic crossover frequencies are reduced. These observations suggest that the function of the Mlh1p/Mlh3p heterodimer requires both subunits to bind ATP but only one to efficiently hydrolyze it. Additionally, two different amino acid substitutions to the same residue (G97) in Mlh3p affect the minor mismatch repair function of Mlh3p while only one of them compromises its ability to promote crossing over. These studies thus reveal different functional requirements among the heterodimers formed by Mlh1p.
Are Diagnostic Criteria for Eating Disorders Markers of Medical Severity?
Authors: Peebles Rebecka , Hardy Kristina K. , Wilson Jenny L. , Lock James D. 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this study was to compare the medical severity of adolescents who had eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) with those who had anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN).

METHODS:
Medical records of 1310 females aged 8 through 19 years and treated for AN, BN, or EDNOS were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with EDNOS were subcategorized into partial AN (pAN) and partial BN (pBN) when they met all Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria but 1 for AN or BN, respectively. Primary outcome variables were heart rate, systolic blood pressure, temperature, and QTc interval on electrocardiogram. Additional physiologically significant medical complications were also reviewed.

RESULTS:
A total of 25.2% of females had AN, 12.4% had BN, and 62.4% had EDNOS. The medical severity of patients with EDNOS was intermediate to that of patients with AN and BN in all primary outcomes. Patients with pAN had significantly higher heart rates, systolic blood pressures, and temperatures than those with AN; patients with pBN did not differ significantly from those with BN in any primary outcome variable; however, patients with pAN and pBN differed significantly from each other in all outcome variables. Patients with pBN and BN had longer QTc intervals and higher rates of additional medical complications reported at presentation than other groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
EDNOS is a medically heterogeneous category with serious physiologic sequelae in children and adolescents. Broadening AN and BN criteria in pediatric patients to include pAN and pBN may prove to be clinically useful.
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children Adopted From Eastern Europe
Authors: Landgren Magnus , Svensson Leif , Strömland Kerstin , Andersson Grönlund Marita 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVES:The purposes of this investigation were to determine the frequencies of and associations between different neurodevelopmental disorders and to study the potential lasting effects of alcohol on children adopted from eastern Europe.METHODS:In a population-based, prospective, observational, multidisciplinary, cross-sectional, cohort study of 71 children adopted from eastern Europe, children were assessed 5 years after adoption, from pediatric, neuropsychological, and ophthalmologic perspectives.RESULTS:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, that is, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), partial FAS, and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders, were identified for 52% of children; FAS was found for 30%, partial FAS for 14%, and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders for 9%. Alcohol-related birth defects were found for 11% of children, all of whom also were diagnosed as having FAS. Mental retardation or significant cognitive impairment was found for 23% of children, autism for 9%, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder for 51%, and developmental coordination disorder for 34%.CONCLUSIONS:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders were common in this long-term follow-up study of children adopted from orphanages in eastern Europe. Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy has long-lasting adverse effects, causing structural, behavioral, and cognitive damage despite a radically improved environment.
Antiretroviral Therapy Outcomes in Resource-Limited Settings for HIV-Infected Children &lt;5 Years of Age
Authors: Sauvageot Delphine , Schaefer Myrto , Olson David , Pujades-Rodriguez Mar , O'Brien Daniel P. 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE:We describe medium-term outcomes for young children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited countries.METHODS:Analyses were conducted on surveillance data for children &lt;5 years of age receiving ART (initiated April 2002 to January 2008) in 48 HIV/AIDS treatment programs in Africa and Asia. Primary outcome measures were probability of remaining in care, probability of developing World Health Organization stage 4 clinical events, rate of switching to second-line ART, and drug toxicity, compared at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of ART.RESULTS:Of 3936 children (90% in Africa) initiating ART, 9% were &lt;12 months, 50% were 12 to 35 months, and 41% were 36 to 59 months of age. The median time of ART was 10.5 months. Probabilities of remaining in care after 12, 24, and 36 months of ART were 0.85, 0.80, and 0.75, respectively. Compared with children 36 to 59 months of age at ART initiation, probabilities of remaining in care were significantly lower for children &lt;12 months of age. Overall, 55% and 69% of deaths and losses to follow-up occurred in the first 3 and 6 months of ART, respectively. Probabilities of developing stage 4 clinical events after 12, 24, and 36 months of ART were 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09, respectively. Only 33 subjects (0.8%) switched to second-line regimens, and 151 (3.8%) experienced severe drug toxicities.CONCLUSIONS:Large-scale ART for children &lt;5 years of age in resource-limited settings is feasible, with encouraging clinical outcomes, but efforts should be increased to improve early HIV diagnosis and treatment.
Animated Video vs Pamphlet: Comparing the Success of Educating Parents About Proper Antibiotic Use
Authors: Schnellinger Mark , Finkelstein Marsha , Thygeson Megan V. , Vander Velden Heidi , Karpas Anna , Madhok Manu 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE:The objective was to create an animated video to teach parents about the appropriate use of antibiotics and to compare their knowledge to parents who were provided with the American Academy of Pediatrics pamphlet. We hypothesized that the video format would result in improved comprehension and retention.METHODS:This prospective randomized, controlled trial was conducted in an urban pediatric emergency department. Parent subjects were randomly assigned to a control group, a pamphlet group, and a video group and completed a survey at 3 time points. Analysis included the nonparametric matched Friedman test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. A 2-sided P value of &lt;.05 was required for significance, and a Bonferroni-corrected P value of &lt;.017 was required for paired comparisons.RESULTS:Postintervention survey scores improved significantly in the pamphlet and video groups compared with baseline. The video group's follow-up scores were not significantly different from the postintervention-survey scores (P = .32). The pamphlet-group scores at follow-up were significantly lower than the postintervention-survey scores (P = .002). The control group's scores were similar at all 3 time periods. The pamphlet group had significantly better scores than the control group after the intervention (P &lt; .001). The video-group scores exceeded the control-group scores at all 3 time periods.CONCLUSIONS:An animated video is highly effective for educating parents about the appropriate use of antibiotics in the emergency department setting and results in long-term knowledge retention. The results of this study provide a foundation to further evaluate the use of animated video in additional populations.
Intergenerational Income Mobility in a Less-Developed, High-Inequality Context: The Case of Chile
Authors: Nunez Javier I , Miranda Leslie 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This paper studies the magnitude of intergenerational income mobility in less developed, high inequality Chile. Following a known methodology where fathers' incomes are predicted from standard income determinants such as education and occupation, we get comparable estimates of the intergenerational income elasticity in the range of 0.57 to 0.74 and 0.63 to 0.76 for ages 25-40 and 31-40, respectively. These values place Chile at the high end of the available international evidence. Considering Chile's high income inequality, this finding supports the hypothesis proposed in the literature of an inverse relationship between cross-sectional income inequality and intergenerational income mobility.
The groups of points on abelian varieties over finite fields
Authors: Rybakov Sergey 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Let A be an abelian variety with commutative endomorphism algebra over a finite field k. The k-isogeny class of A is uniquely determined by a Weil polynomial f
A without multiple roots. We give a classification of the groups of k-rational points on varieties from this class in terms of Newton polygons of f
A(1 − t).
Large continuum, oracles
Authors: Shelah Saharon 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Our main theorem is about iterated forcing for making the continuum larger than ℵ2. We present a generalization of [2] which deal with oracles for random, (also for other cases and generalities), by replacing ℵ1,ℵ2 by λ, λ
+ (starting with λ = λ
<λ
> ℵ1). Well, we demand absolute c.c.c. So we get, e.g. the continuum is λ
+ but we can get cov(meagre) = λ and we give some applications. As in non-Cohen oracles [2], it is a “partial” countable support iteration but it is c.c.c.
Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus Treated With Fresh Talar Allografts
Authors: Hahn David B. , Aanstoos Megan E. , Wilkins Ross M. 
Published: April 2010

Background: Osteochondral lesions of the talar dome (OLT) can be devastating injuries. Many of these problems occur in younger adult patients and can cause permanent joint pain and stiffness. Several treatment methods have been used to treat the symptomatic lesion, including arthroscopic debridement and microfracture, transfer of autologous osteoarticular tissue from the knee or talus (OATS), autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), frozen and fresh allograft transplantation. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients underwent fresh talar allograft transplantation with internal fixation for an OLT. Fresh talar allograft transplantation involved arthrotomy of the ankle, often with malleolar osteotomy, and replacement of the talar dome defect with fresh talar allograft tissue and internal fixation. Thirteen of the 18 patients returned for clinical and radiographic examination in addition to completing two validated questionnaires. The other five patients did not return for followup evaluation. The 13 patients who were seen in followup had an average age of 30 (range, 15 to 44) years with a mean followup of 48 months. Results: There was a significant difference ( p < 0.01) between the patients' preoperative and postoperative pain and activity abilities as measured with the Foot Function Index and AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot questionnaires. Clinical examination and X-rays confirmed healing of the graft. Conclusion: Based on these results, we conclude that this is a reasonable procedure for younger adult patients with focal osteochondral talar defects that cannot be corrected with curretage and microfracture. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Prophylactic Ankle Brace Use in High School Volleyball Players: A Prospective Study
Authors: Frey Carol , Feder Keith S. , Sleight Jill 
Published: April 2010

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of prophylactic ankle bracing on the incidence of ankle injuries in a high school population of interscholastic volleyball players followed prospectively for one season. Materials and Methods: The study was designed to evaluate the effect of different types of ankle braces on the incidence of ankle sprains in high school volleyball players. There were 957 players in the group that wore braces and 42 in the control group who did not wear a brace. Information was collected on age, sex, previous injury, incidence of injury, and time off from play. Only the dominant ankle was studied. Results: Overall, the use of a prophylactic ankle brace did not significantly alter the incidence of ankle sprains in high school volleyball players. However, in players without a previous ankle sprain, the use of an ankle brace did make a significant difference in two of the braced groups. The Active Ankle Trainer II and the Aircast Sports Stirrup protected volleyball players from a sprain only if they had not had a previous sprain. If the player had a history of a previous ankle sprain, these two brace groups did not protect the ankle from another ankle sprain ( p < 0.05). In addition, there were significantly more injuries in the female group of players who wore a non-rigid brace versus those who wore a more rigid brace. Conclusion: This information may be helpful in deciding whether to recommend prophylactic ankle braces in volleyball players. Level of Evidence: II, Prospective Comparative Study
Resistance in Eight Peanut Genotypes to Foliar Feeding of Fall Armyworm, Velvetbean Caterpillar, and Corn Earworm
Authors: Todd James W. , Beach R. M. , Branch W. D. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A laboratory feeding bioassay was used to test field-grown foliage of eight peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes for foliar feeding resistance to three common species of defoliating caterpillars: velvetbean caterpillar (VBC), Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner; fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith); and corn earworm (CEW), Helicoverpa zea Boddie. The eight peanut genotypes studied were: Southern Runner, Florigiant, Curly Leaf, GPNC 343, Robut 33–1, NC6, Tifton-8, and Florunner. Percent survival of both FAW and VBC was very high (84–100%) when reared on any of the genotypes tested. Development to the pupal stage was slowest for FAW reared on Florunner, NC 6, and Tifton-8, and for VBC reared on Florunner and Tifton-8. Percent survival of CEW larvae was reduced on both NC 6 and Tifton-8 (36% survival). Differences in development to pupation and pupal weight were less distinct for CEW. When CEW larvae were provided ten peanut blooms each 48 hours in addition to unlimited foliage, development to pupation was significantly shorter in Florunner, NC 6, Robut 33–1, GPNC 343, and Curly Leaf than when larvae were fed only foliage. Similarly, CEW pupal weights were heavier in Florunner and GPNC 343 treatments, indicating that feeding on peanut blooms of most peanut genotypes tested was of benefit to CEW. In terms of overall response of the three insect species tested, NC 6 and Tifton-8 appeared to be the most resistant while Robut 33–1, Curly Leaf, and Florigiant appeared to be the most susceptible.
Analysis of Peanuts and Peanut Products for Total Lipids, Fatty Acids and Proximates
Authors: Sheppard A. J. , Rudolf T. S. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The four major peanut types and several peanut products were analyzed for total lipids, fatty acid content, fat, ash and protein. Runner and Virginia types contained similar amounts of oleic and linoleic acids that were significantly different from those found in Valencia and Spanish types of peanuts. Characterization of the peanut types into groups by fatty acid profiles was more definitive than by sterol profiles. No significant differences in fat, ash or protein content were found between the various peanut types. Peanut products did not always exhibit the same fatty acid and sterol profiles as peanuts.
Peanut Butter Quality as Affected by Inclusion of Non-Fat Dry Milk Components
Authors: Pominski J. , Kadan R. S. , Crippen K. L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Peanut butter is deficient in lysine, methionine, and threonine. Addition of 7.5% non-fat dry milk (NFDM) increases these amino acids 24.5, 15.0 and 11.0% respectively with a commercial peanut butter as a reference. Addition of hydrolyzed non-fat dry milk (HNFDM) resulted in similar increases for lysine and threonine but only a slight increase for methionine. The experimental peanut butter spreads had intensities for flavor characteristics similar to a commercial butter as a reference. The dry milk components lowered the textural properties. While the dry milk mixtures had acceptable textural properties, the commercial peanut butter was significantly higher in both adhesiveness and spreadability parameters.
Variation in Phytoalexin Production by Peanut Seed from Several Genotypes1
Authors: Mohanty B. , Basha S. M. , Gorbet D. W. , Cole R. J. , Dorner J. W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Evaluation of twenty peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes for their phytoalexin producing ability showed wide variation in the amount and composition of phytoalexins produced. Some genotypes produced one major phytoalexin component while the other genotypes produced seven major phytoalexin components. In addition, high phytoalexin producing genotypes utilized more methionine-rich protein than the low phytoalexin producing genotypes suggesting that methionine-rich protein or its breakdown products may have a role in phytoalexin production.
Pathways for Introgression of Pest Resistance into Arachis hypogaea L.1
Authors: Simpson Charles E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Four pathways for gene introgression into Arachis hypogaea L. were studied. Two “hexaploid routes” involved direct crosses of diploid Arachis species and diploid species hybrids with A. hypogaea (Pathways 1 and 2, respectively) and were followed by chromosome doubling with colchicine. A third pathway, a tetraploid route, involved chromosome doubling of a diploid hybrid before crossing with A. hypogaea. These first three routes involved only the A genome species, and all were unsuccessful because of lack of fertility. The fourth pathway, also a tetraploid route, utilized the B genome A. batizocoi Krap. et Greg. as a bridge species and brought about a successful (fertile) introgression. Genes from A. cardenasii Krap. et Greg. nom. nud. and A. chacoensis Krap et Greg. nom. nud. were combined into a hybrid and incorporated into A. hypogaea by using the B genome bridge species. Introgression of additional characters from these and other species through this pathway should be possible.
Inheritance of Seed Dormancy in a Cross Between Two Spanish Peanut Cultivars1
Authors: Khalfaoui J-L. B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Obtaining early maturing peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (Spanish) with seed dormancy is a major objective in breeding programs. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of seed dormancy in a cross between the only dormant, early maturing cultivar that is currently released (73–30) and a very early maturing non-dormant cultivar (Chico). Results showed that genetic control is not very complex (additive, dominance and digenic epistatic effects). Broad sense and narrow sense heritabilities ranged between 0.49 and 0.57. These results indicate that pedigree selection for dormancy could be successfully carried out in Spanish type cultivars using 73–30 as a parent.
A Note on Testcrosses Between Tan or Pink Testa Color and Recessive Red Peanut Genotypes1
Authors: Branch W. D. , Holbrook C. C. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Phenotypically distinguishing between tan and pink peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) testa color can be difficult. Genetic separation was attempted by testcrosses with homozygously recessive red testa genotypes (r2r2, r3r3). The recessive red testa color was found to differ from all of the following pink and tan cultivars: Sunbelt Runner, Southern Runner, Starr, Toalson, and the tan colored Krinkle-leaf genotype (F1F2D1D2r1) by only one of the two recessive red loci. Even though these results show that testcrossing to recessive red genotypes is not a viable approach for discerning tan versus pink testa color, it does suggest that several peanut cultivars already carry one recessive red gene.
Quantitative Comparison of Stem Lesions Caused by Cercosporidium personatum in Florunner and Southern Runner Peanut Cultivars
Authors: Culbreath A. K. , Brenneman T. B. , Shokes F. M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Fewer stem lesions caused by Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton developed on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar Southern Runner than on cultivar Florunner in field tests conducted near Tifton, GA, in 1989 and 1990 and near Marianna, FL in 1990. Numbers of lesions per stem and lesions per dm of stem length ranged from 3.1 to 9.5 times higher on Florunner than on Southern Runner in tests where severe leafspot epidemics developed and no foliar fungicides were applied. Seven applications of chlorothalonil at 0.5, 0.63 or 1.26 kg ai/ha via ground sprays and 1.26 kg ai/ha via an underslung boom (Pivot Agricultural Spray System = PASS) allowed few stem lesions to develop on either cultivar compared to non-sprayed plants. Delayed harvest required for Southern Runner resulted in an increase in incidence of stem lesions, but incidence of stem lesions at harvest on Southern Runner still was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.01) than incidence on Florunner at harvest. Differences in number of stem lesions between the two cultivars and among fungicide treatments were reflected in yields. Healthier stem tissue due to fewer stem lesions may be partially responsible for higher yields in Southern Runner than in Florunner grown during severe leafspot epidemics. Incidence of stem lesions caused by C. personatum may be useful as a new parameter to be considered in evaluation and selection for resistance and/or tolerance to C. personatum in peanut.