bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring phonological awareness skills in Arabic-speaking children with borderline intellectual functioning and poor reading
Authors: Hesham Sara , Afsah Omayma , Baz Hemmat 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Phonological awareness (PA) is the awareness of speech sounds and the ability to reflect on and manipulate the phonemic segments of speech. Research on PA skills in children with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) is scarce. The objective of this study was to explore PA skills in Arabic-speaking children with BIF and poor reading in comparison to dyslexic children using a modified version of the Arabic PA test.

Methods
A sample of 98 Egyptian children in the age range 6 years and 6 months to 11 years and 5 months was subjected to assessment by the modified Arabic PA test. The sample included 50 typically developing children, 24 dyslexic children, and 24 children with BIF and poor reading.

Results and conclusion
Children with BIF and poor reading demonstrated poor PA skills. Their performance on the modified Arabic PA test was significantly lower than the performance of normal as well as dyslexic children in younger age groups (6 years and 6 months to 8 years). However, in the older age group (8 years and 1 month to 11 years and 5 months), the performance of BIF and dyslexic children was comparable and significantly lower than normal children. The modified Arabic PA test shows evidence for its validity and reliability and can be used for the assessment of PA skills of children with average intelligence as well as children with intellectual dysfunction.
Changing the Trade and Development Consensus: Evidence Building from Little, Bhagwati, Krueger, and Balassa in the 1960s
Authors: Irwin Douglas A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Economists became skeptical about the benefits of free trade for developing countries during the Great Depression, but in the 1960s some had come to recognize the problems with import substitution policies and the benefits of encouraging exports. This article examines how four economists who led this transition—Ian Little, Jagdish Bhagwati, Anne Krueger, and Bela Balassa—came to their views and helped build a new professional consensus on trade policy and economic development. In each case, practical experience, and empirical observation, particularly from India, helped shape their opinions, persuading two of the four to revise their previous beliefs.
Georg Friedrich Knapp's Legacy to Modern Monetary Theory: A Reconsideration
Authors: Guesdon Tristan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article is a reassessment of the relation between Georg Friedrich Knapp and Modern Monetary Theory, a contemporary strand of economics that, under the term chartalism coined by Knapp, is presented by its proponents as a continuation of his 1905 State Theory of Money. It shows that, contrary to Modern Monetary Theory, which proposes a policy-oriented monetary view of public deficit, Knapp's scientific aim is restricted to finding a generally valid concept of means of payments. Different meanings of the terms chartalism and money also separate the two theories. However, both share an understanding of the use of money as driven by taxes and a general concept of means of payment as a situational counterclaim over a central issuer, be it private or public. In their view, private money always holds subordinate rank inside public monetary systems because of imposed convertibility into state currency. Despite such theoretical convergence, the article shows that Knapp's chartalist theory was not rediscovered from oblivion in the mid-1990s when Modern Monetary Theory made its appearance, in which it arguably played no decisive role.
Neither Populist nor Neoclassical: The Classical Roots of the Competition Principle in American Antitrust Law
Authors: Giocoli Nicola 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Contemporary critics of American antitrust law lament a supposed misinterpretation by modern, welfare-driven enforcers of the true meaning of the competition principle. This essay contributes to the debate by reconstructing the principle's historical origin. While it did not feature in the Sherman Act, the competition principle was introduced by the Supreme Court during the early years of antitrust law. The court formulated alternative versions of the principle; the one that eventually prevailed was neither populist nor neoclassical, as it was based on classical political economy and, in particular, on freedom of contract and “natural” values. This historical circumstance may pave the way for a new approach to antitrust law.
Immuno-scanning electron microscopy of islet primary cilia
Authors: Sviben Sanja , Polino Alexander J. , Melena Isabella L. , Hughes Jing W. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The definitive demonstration of protein localization on primary cilia has been a challenge for cilia biologists. Primary cilia are solitary thread-like projections that have a specialized protein composition, but as the ciliary structure overlays the cell membrane and other cell parts, the identity of ciliary proteins are difficult to ascertain by conventional imaging approaches like immunofluorescence microscopy. Surface scanning electron microscopy combined with immunolabeling (immuno-SEM) bypasses some of these indeterminacies by unambiguously showing protein expression in the context of the three-dimensional ultrastructure of the cilium. Here, we apply immuno-SEM to specifically identify proteins on the primary cilia of mouse and human pancreatic islets, including post-translationally modified tubulin, intraflagellar transport (IFT)88, the small GTPase Arl13b, as well as subunits of axonemal dynein. Key parameters in sample preparation, immunolabeling and imaging acquisition are discussed to facilitate similar studies by others in the cilia research community.
Multimodal imaging in the diagnosis of bone giant cell tumors: A retrospective study
Authors: Kou Ming-Qing , Xu Bing-Qiang , Liu Hui-Tong 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Giant cell tumor of bone is a locally aggressive and rarely metastasizing tumor, and also a potential malignant tumor that may develop into a primary malignant giant cell tumor.
AIM
To evaluate the role of multimodal imaging in the diagnosis of giant cell tumors of bone.
METHODS
The data of 32 patients with giant cell tumor of bone confirmed by core-needle biopsy or surgical pathology at our hospital between March 2018 and March 2023 were retrospectively selected. All the patients with giant cell tumors of the bone were examined by X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 7 of them were examined by positron emission tomography (PET)-CT.
RESULTS
X-ray imaging can provide overall information on giant cell tumor lesions. CT and MRI can reveal the characteristics of the internal structure of the tumor as well as the adjacent relationships of the tumor, and these methods have unique advantages for diagnosing tumors and determining the scope of surgery. PET-CT can detect small lesions and is highly valuable for identifying benign and malignant tumors to aid in the early diagnosis of metastasis.
CONCLUSION
Multimodal imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of giant cell tumor of bone and can provide a reference for the treatment of giant cell tumors.
Iron and ferritin effects on intensive care unit mortality: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Deng-Can , Zheng Bo-Jun , Li Jian , Yu Yi 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
The effect of serum iron or ferritin parameters on mortality among critically ill patients is not well characterized.
AIM
To determine the association between serum iron or ferritin parameters and mortality among critically ill patients.
METHODS
Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies on serum iron or ferritin parameters and mortality among critically ill patients. Two reviewers independently assessed, selected, and abstracted data from studies reporting on serum iron or ferritin parameters and mortality among critically ill patients. Data on serum iron or ferritin levels, mortality, and demographics were extracted.
RESULTS
Nineteen studies comprising 125490 patients were eligible for inclusion. We observed a slight negative effect of serum ferritin on mortality in the United States population [relative risk (RR) 1.002; 95%CI: 1.002-1.004). In patients with sepsis, serum iron had a significant negative effect on mortality (RR = 1.567; 95%CI: 1.208-1.925).
CONCLUSION
This systematic review presents evidence of a negative correlation between serum iron levels and mortality among patients with sepsis. Furthermore, it reveals a minor yet adverse impact of serum ferritin on mortality among the United States population.
Conversion therapy of a giant hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombus and inferior vena cava thrombus: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Song Wen-Jie , Xu Jian , Nie Ye , Li Wei-Min , Li Jian-Ping , Yang Li , Wei Meng-Qi , Tao Kai-Shan 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combined with portal and hepatic vein cancerous thrombosis is poor, for unresectable patients the combination of targeted therapy and immune therapy was the first-line recommended treatment for advanced HCC, with a median survival time of only about 2.7-6 months. In this case report, we present the case of a patient with portal and hepatic vein cancerous thrombosis who achieved pathologic complete response after conversion therapy
CASE SUMMARY
In our center, a patient with giant HCC combined with portal vein tumor thrombus and hepatic vein tumor thrombus was treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, and was continuously given Epimedium soft capsules for oral regulation. After 7 months of conversion therapy, the patient's tumor shrank and the tumor thrombus subsided significantly. The pathology of surgical resection was in complete remission, and there was no progression in the postoperative follow-up for 7 months, which provided a basis for the future strategy of combined conversion therapy.
CONCLUSION
In this case, atezolizumab, bevacizumab, icaritin soft capsules combined with radiotherapy and TACE had a good effect. For patients with hepatocellular carcinoma combined with hepatic vein/inferior vena cava tumor thrombus, adopting a high-intensity, multimodal proactive strategy under the guidance of multidisciplinary team (MDT) is an important attempt to break through the current treatment dilemma.
Mundane Surrealism: Bureaucratic Deterrence, Violence and Suffering
Authors: Iliadou Evgenia 
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the bureaucratic procedures surrounding registration, identification and asylum that are implemented upon arrival and which produce uncertainty, protracted waiting and bureaucratic limbo by mentally exhausting people. The chapter argues the bureaucratic procedures are designed to always fail, so as to make people’s lives unliveable. Furthermore, the procedures are characterized by an overwhelming inconsistency, uncertainty and chaos, which border crossers must adhere to while living in appalling, inhuman, degrading and life-threatening reception and living conditions. Through this lens, the chapter explores bureaucratic deterrence, and therefore bureaucratic violence – that is, the intentional, well-designed policy of deterring by gradually, slowly and silently ‘killing’ those who have sought international protection in Europe. The bureaucratic deterrence is the apotheosis of the ‘politics of discomfort’ (Darling, 2011, p 268). In this way, border crossers are deterred and indirectly coerced by the authorities to withdraw their asylum claims and either traverse alternative dangerous illicit migratory pathways to other EU countries or ‘voluntarily’ return to their countries of origin.
Optical modeling of systematic uncertainties in detector polarization angles for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope
Authors: Murphy Colin C. , Choi Steve K. , Datta Rahul , Devlin Mark J. , Hasselfield Matthew , Koopman Brian J. , McMahon Jeff , Naess Sigurd , Niemack Michael D. , Page Lyman A. , Staggs Suzanne T. , Thornton Robert , Wollack Edward J. 
Published: May 2024

We present an estimate of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT)
detector polarization angle systematic uncertainty from optics
perturbation analysis using polarization-sensitive ray tracing in CODE
V optical design software. Uncertainties in polarization angle
calibration in CMB measurements can limit constraints on cosmic
birefringence and other cosmological parameters sensitive to
polarization leakage. Our framework estimates the angle calibration
systematic uncertainties from possible displacements in lens positions
and orientations, and anti-reflection coating (ARC) thicknesses and
refractive indices. With millimeter displacements in lens positions
and percent-level perturbations in ARC thicknesses and indices from
design, we find the total systematic uncertainty for three ACT
detector arrays operating between 90 and 220 GHz to be at the
10th of degree scale. Reduced lens position and orientation
uncertainties from physical measurements could lead to a reduction in
the systematic uncertainty estimated with the framework presented
here. This optical modeling may inform polarization angle systematic
uncertainties for current and future microwave polarimeters, such as
the CCAT Observatory, Simons Observatory, and CMB-S4.
Analytical design of three-spectral-resolution scanning imaging spectrometer based on concave grating with multiple groove densities
Authors: Gao Yanhong , Ji Yiqun , Zhao Shijia , Sun Shujun 
Published: May 2024

Imaging spectrometers are generally designed with constant spectral resolution and do
not have flexibility to achieve imaging different targets at
respective spectral resolution. In addition, unnecessary increase in
the data cube and transmission pressure result in an efficiency
decrease in information gathering and processing. In this paper, a
scanning imaging spectrometer with three spectral resolution (SISTR)
is proposed. The concave grating with different groove densities is
designed at the aperture stop. SISTR achieves the simultaneous
acquisition of three sets of spectral images with the same spectral
range but different spectral resolution. This paper studies the key
issues of such broadband imaging spectrometers with different spectral
resolution. Also evaluated are how groove densities of the concave
grating affect the spectral overlap and the ways the diameters and
decenters of three areas on the concave grating affect the uniformity
of the energy distribution among three sets of spectral images.
Accordingly, SISTR with three spectral resolution and high variation
ratio is optimized. SISTR achieves a high numerical aperture of 0.33
and three spectral resolution of 0.31 nm, 0.64 nm,
1.40 nm in a wide spectral range of 400 to 800 nm. This
paper provides a theoretical reference for further developments of
imaging spectrometers with multiple resolution.
A scoping review on the use of traditional medicine and oral health in Africa
Authors: Foláyan Moréniké Oluwátóyìn , Olagunju Mobolaji Timothy , Abodunrin Olunike Rebecca , Alade Omolola Titilayo 
Published: May 2024

Background
This review aimed to chart the landscape of literature concerning the precise applications of traditional medicine in managing specific oral diseases and, in doing so, to pinpoint knowledge gaps surrounding the use of traditional medicine for oral disease management in the African context.

Methods
A systematic search of the literature was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL. The search was conducted from the inception of the database till September 2023. A search of related citations and references was also carried out. Only English language publications were included. A summary of studies that met the inclusion criteria was conducted.

Results
Of the 584 records identified, 11 were duplicates and 12 studies, published between 2006 and 2021, met the inclusion criteria. The studies were published from eight countries located in the five sub-regions on the continent. All the studies were either experimental designs or ethnobotanical surveys and they all utilized plant-based remedies. The five experimental studies aimed to assess the impact of whole plants or plant extracts on the three microorganisms responsible for dental caries and seven responsible for periodontal diseases. The number of plant species identified by the seven ethnobotanical surveys ranged from 29 to 62 while the number of plan families ranged from 15 to 29. The remedies were either topical applied, use as mouth rinses, gargled, or chewed. The systemic routes of administration identified were inhalation and drinking. The remedies were used for the treatment of hard such as dental caries and tooth sensitivity, to soft tissue lesions such as mouth ulcers, gingival bleeding, and mouth thrush. Other oral disorders managed include halitosis, jaw fracture, and oral cancer.

Conclusions
Given the increasing prevalence of oral diseases within the region, the shortage of oral healthcare professionals and limited access to financial resources, it becomes imperative to support the generation of empirical evidence to enhance the provision of traditional medicine for oral healthcare in Africa.
Entomological assessment of hessian fabric transfluthrin vapour emanators as a means to protect against outdoor-biting Aedes after providing them to households for routine use in Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Authors: Supreme Chicoye , Damus Obrillant , Frederick Joseph , Lemoine Jean-Frantz , Raccurt Christian , McBeath Justin , Mirzai Nosrat , Ogoma Sheila B. , Corbel Vincent , Impoinvil Daniel , Killeen Gerry F. , Czeher Cyrille 
Published: May 2024

Background
A simple treated fabric device for passively emanating the volatile pyrethroid transfluthrin was recently developed in Tanzania that protected against nocturnal Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes for several months. Here these transfluthrin emanators were assessed in Port-au-Prince, Haiti against outdoor-biting Aedes.

Methods
Transfluthrin emanators were distributed to participating households in poor-to-middle class urban neighbourhoods and evaluated once every two months in terms of their effects on human landing rates of wild Aedes populations. A series of three such entomological assessment experiments were conducted, to examine the influence of changing weather conditions, various transfluthrin formulations and emanator placement on protective efficacy measurements. Laboratory experiments assessed resistance of local Aedes aegypti to transfluthrin and deltamethrin, and the irritancy and repellency of the transfluthrin-treated fabric used in the field.

Results
Across all three entomological field assessments, little evidence of protection against wild Ae. aegypti was observed, regardless of weather conditions, transfluthrin formulation or emanator placement: A generalized linear mixed model fitted to the pooled data from all three assessment rounds (921 females caught over 5129 hours) estimated a relative landing rate [95% Confidence interval] of 0.87 [0.73, 1.04] for users of treated versus untreated emanators (P = 0.1241). Wild Ae. aegypti in this setting were clearly resistant to transfluthrin when compared to a fully susceptible colony.

Conclusions
Transfluthrin emanators had little if any apparent effect upon Aedes landing rates by wild Ae. aegypti in urban Haiti, and similar results have been obtained by comparable studies in Tanzania, Brazil and Peru. In stark contrast, however, parallel sociological assessments of perspectives among these same end-users in urban Haitian communities indicate strong satisfaction in terms of perceived protection against mosquitoes. It remains unclear why the results obtained from these complementary entomological and sociological assessments in Haiti differ so much, as do those from a similar set of studies in Brazil. It is encouraging, however, that similar contrasts between the entomological and epidemiological results of a recent large-scale assessment of another transfluthrin emanator product in Peru, which indicate they provide useful protection against Aedes-borne arboviral infections, despite apparently providing only modest protection against Aedes mosquito bites.
The incidence of admission ionised hypocalcaemia in paediatric major trauma—A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hibberd Owen , Price James , Thomas Stephen H. , Harris Tim , Barnard Edward B. G. 
Published: May 2024

Objectives
In adult major trauma patients admission hypocalcaemia occurs in approximately half of cases and is associated with increased mortality. However, data amongst paediatric patients are limited. The objectives of this review were to determine the incidence of admission ionised hypocalcaemia in paediatric major trauma patients and to explore whether hypocalcaemia is associated with adverse outcomes.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. All studies including major trauma patients <18 years old, with an ionised calcium concentration obtained in the Emergency Department (ED) prior to the receipt of blood products in the ED were included. The primary outcome was incidence of ionised hypocalcaemia. Random-effects Sidik-Jonkman modelling was executed for meta-analysis of mortality and pH difference between hypo- and normocalcaemia, Odds ratio (OR) was the reporting metric for mortality. The reporting metric for the continuous variable of pH difference was Glass’ D (a standardized difference). Results are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and significance was defined as p <0.05.

Results
Three retrospective cohort studies were included. Admission ionised hypocalcaemia definitions ranged from <1.00 mmol/l to <1.16 mmol/l with an overall incidence of 112/710 (15.8%). For mortality, modelling with low heterogeneity (I2 39%, Cochrane’s Q p = 0.294) identified a non-significant (p = 0.122) estimate of hypocalcaemia increasing mortality (pooled OR 2.26, 95% CI 0.80–6.39). For the pH difference, meta-analysis supported generation of a pooled effect estimate (I2 57%, Cochrane’s Q p = 0.100). The effect estimate of the mean pH difference was not significantly different from null (p = 0.657), with the estimated pH slightly lower in hypocalcaemia (Glass D standardized mean difference -0.08, 95% CI -0.43 to 0.27).

Conclusion
Admission ionised hypocalcaemia was present in at least one in six paediatric major trauma patients. Ionised hypocalcaemia was not identified to have a statistically significant association with mortality or pH difference.
Assessment of the localization of chondroitin sulfate in various types of endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Hosokawa Sho , Norimatsu Yoshiaki , Shinagawa Akiko , Kurokawa Tetsuji , Yoshida Yoshio , Nishikawa Takeshi , Suzuki Hisae , Irino Satoshi , Kobayashi Tadao K. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
This study aimed to assess the localization of chondroitin sulfate (CS), a primary extracellular matrix component, in the stromal region of endometrial carcinoma (EC).

Methods
Immunostaining was performed on 26 endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC) samples of different grades and 10 endometrial serous carcinoma (ESC) samples to evaluate CS localization. This was further confirmed by Alcian Blue (AB) staining as well.

Results
In the G1-EEC samples, CS showed reactivity with fibrovascular stroma, supporting closely packed glandular crowding and papillary structures. As the grade increased, the original interstitial structure was re-established, and the localization of CS in the perigulandular region decreased. In the ESC samples, the thick fibrous strands supporting the papillary architecture showed reactivity with CS; however, the delicate stromal region branching into the narrow region showed poor reactivity. The AB staining results showed similar characteristics to the immunostaining ones.

Conclusions
The characteristic localization of CS in various EC types was elucidated. The present study provides new information on endometrial stromal assessment.