bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional power Doppler measurement of perfusion of the periurethral tissue in incontinent women – a preliminary report
Authors: Liang Ching‐Chung , Chang Shuenn‐Dhy , Chang Yao‐Lung , Wei Tien‐Yung , Wu Hsien‐Ming , Chao An‐Shine 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that decreased periurethral vascularization and blood flow might lead to urinary incontinence. Three‐dimensional color histogram may better quantify the vasculature than traditional two‐dimensional Doppler ultrasound imaging.Methods. Between June 2002 and July 2003, 57 patients were invited to undergo three‐dimensional power color Doppler study of the periurethral vessels before surgery. In group 1, 29 women with stress urinary incontinence underwent tension‐free vaginal tape procedures and in group 2, 28 continent women underwent other procedures for treatment of benign gynecologic disease and without urological problems. We used 3 indices of color histogram to quantify the vascularization and blood flow within a tissue block from the bladder neck to the urethral meatus and the periurethral area within 5 mm of the urothelium borders. The values of 3 indices of histogram, vascularization index, flow index and vascularization‐flow index, were analyzed.Results. Judging from the values of vascularization index, flow index and vascularization‐flow index generated in our study, significantly decreased periurethral vasculature was found in women with stress urinary incontinence and women in the postmenopausal status as compared with women in the continent group and those in the premenopausal status, respectively (p<0.05).Conclusions. Three‐dimensional histogram measurement revealed less periurethral vessels and flow in women suffering from stress urinary incontinence, a finding that might play a role in the pathogenesis of stress urinary incontinence.
A longitudinal study of antioxidant status during uncomplicated and hypertensive pregnancies
Authors: ROES EVA MARIA , HENDRIKS JAN C.M. , RAIJMAKERS MAARTEN T.M. , STEEGERS‐THEUNISSEN REGINE P.M. , GROENEN PASCAL , PETERS WILBERT H.M. , STEEGERS ERIC A.P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground. To study the possible involvement of an (im)balance between oxidants and antioxidants in pre‐eclampsia concentrations of intra‐ and extracellular blood antioxidants in women with uncomplicated and hypertensive pregnancies, they were studied preconceptionally and throughout pregnancy. Methods. In uncomplicated pregnancies (n=19) and hypertensive pregnancies (n=6) concentrations of whole blood and plasma thiols, plasma vitamins E and C, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were assessed at preconception, 6, 10, 20, and 37 weeks of gestational age, as well as six weeks postpartum. A repeated mixed model was used for statistical analysis. Results. Vitamin C and most whole blood and plasma thiol concentrations decreased during pregnancy, while vitamin E, whole blood oxidized cysteinyl‐glycine and the ratio of free to oxidized homocysteine revealed a linear increase during pregnancy. Postpartum plasma cysteine and vitamin C levels and the ratio of free to oxidized levels of cysteine, cysteinyl‐glycine, and glutathione were significantly (p<0.05) lower as compared to preconceptional levels, whereas whole blood oxidized cysteine, cysteinyl‐glycine and glutathione levels, and whole blood and plasma homocysteine levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher six weeks after delivery. Plasma cysteine and homocysteine, and whole blood oxidized cysteine and homocysteine levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher at 37 weeks of gestational age in the hypertensive group compared to those in the uncomplicated group. There were no other differences between the hypertensive and uncomplicated groups. Conclusion. In normal pregnancy there seems a balance between antioxidant and oxidant concentrations despite modest oxidative stress. In mildly hypertensive pregnancies a marginal imbalance may occur.
The role of mediolateral episiotomy during labour. Analysis of risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter tears
Authors: Aukee Pauliina , Sundström Helena , Kairaluoma Matti V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground. To determine risk factors for third‐degree and complete third‐ or fourth‐degree anal sphincter tears in vaginal delivery.Methods. This is a retrospective comparative study. Fifty‐three women who had sustained an anal sphincter tear were compared with 9,178 women without such a complication between August 1997 and October 2001. Obstetric data was collected from an electronic database. The main outcome measures were odds ratios.Results. In the whole study population, odds ratios (ORs) for third‐degree tears were: primiparity, 8.34 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.98–17.48); vacuum extraction, 5.22 (95% CI 2.69–10.13); parietal presentation, 3.97 (95% CI 1.16–13.64); and birth weight >4,000 g, 3.77 (95% CI 2.11–6.68); and for complete third‐ or fourth‐degree tears odds ratios were 5.42, 2.98, 5.64, and 3.01, respectively. In multivariate analysis, mediolateral episiotomy appeared to be protective as regards third‐degree tears (OR 0.37 [95% CI 0.2020–0.70]).Conclusions. Vacuum‐assisted vaginal delivery bears an increased risk of third‐degree anal sphincter tears in a maternity unit where forceps are not used. Restricted use of mediolateral episiotomy may have a protective effect on the perineum.
Longitudinal trends in cervical histological lesions (CIN 2–3 +): A 25‐year overview
Authors: SIGURDSSON KRISTJAN , SIGVALDASON HELGI 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground. Trends in CIN 2–3+ lesions affect the choice of target age group and screening interval. Methods. The following analyses were performed for CIN 2_/3_/ following 1st to 5th screening visits in the 20–34/35–69 age groups during 1979–2002: a) the relative risk of age and calendar year; b) the cumulative incidence rate after normal or low or higher grade cytology; c) the proper screening interval to detect these lesions at a fixed risk level after normal screening visits; d) the predictive power of these lesions for diagnosis of cancer after first biopsy; e) the prevalence rates in the 20–24/25–29 year age groups at first and at al1 subsequent screening visits. Results. The cumulative rate decreased with the number of screening visits and advancing age. After normal and low‐grade cytology the cumulative rate increased linearly but slowly with time but after higher grade cytology the rate was relatively stable within one year. Age and calendar year are important risk factors in younger women. The prevalence of CIN 2–3+ increased significantly at 1st visit in the 20–24 age group at the same time as the population prevalence in the 25–29 age group decreased significantly. CIN 2 was at lower risk than CIN 3 of being diagnosed with cancer. Conclusions. The results indicate that screening should preferably start before age 25 with a maximum interval of 3 years, whereas the interval can be extended to 4–/5 years at age 35–40. CIN 2 have a different risk profile compared to CIN 3.
Predictors of anxiety and depression following pregnancy termination: a longitudinal five‐year follow‐up study
Authors: BROEN ANNE NORDAL , MOUM TORBJÖRN , BÖDTKER ANNE SEJERSTED , EKEBERG ÖIVIND 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground. The aims of the study were to assess anxiety and depression in women who had experienced either a miscarriage or an induced abortion, to compare the women's level of distress with that of a general population sample, and to find predictors of anxiety and depression six months and five years after the event. Methods. A prospective, longitudinal follow‐up study. Women who experienced miscarriage (n=40) and induced abortion (n=80) were interviewed ten days (T1), six months (T2), two years (T3), and five years (T4) after the event. On each occasion, they completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Life Events Scale. Paired‐sample t‐test, logistic regression, and multiple linear regression statistical tests were used. Results. Women with miscarriage had significantly more anxiety and depression at T1 than the general population, while women with induced abortion had significantly more anxiety at all time points and more depression at T1 and T2. In both groups, important predictors of anxiety and depression at T2 and T4 were recent life events and poor former psychiatric health. Childbirth events between T1 and T4 had no significant influence on the scores. For women with induced abortion, doubt about the decision to abort was related to depression at T2 (p<0.05), while a negative attitude towards induced abortion was associated with anxiety at T2 (p<0.05) and T4 (p<0.05). Conclusion. Correlates of anxiety and depression may be used to better identify women who are at risk of negative psychological responses following pregnancy termination.
Angiographic embolization for obstetrical hemorrhage: effectiveness and follow‐up outcome of fertility
Authors: Shim Jae‐Yoon , Yoon Hyun‐Ki , Won Hye‐Sung , Kim Sun‐Kwon , Lee Pil Ryang , Kim Ahm 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground. This study was undertaken to describe the results of angiographic embolization for obstetrical hemorrhage and the follow‐up outcome of fertility. Methods. Consecutive patients who received angiographic embolization for the management of obstetrical hemorrhage at a single tertiary center were included in this study. Medical records were reviewed to collect the clinical data and details on the procedure. Patients were interviewed by telephone to obtain the long‐term outcomes for complications, menstruation, desire for conception, and subsequent pregnancies. Results. Embolization was successful in 42 (86%) of 49 patients with obstetrical hemorrhage resulting from various causes. The main cause of hemorrhage was uterine atony (n=24). The success rate was significantly lower in cases with abnormal placentation than in other causes of hemorrhage (p<0.05). The procedure took an average of 45.6 min (range, 20–120 min). There were no major complications related to the procedure. We were able to follow‐up 48 patients. Among 37 patients with preserved uteri, menstruation resumed spontaneously in 36 patients. Nine patients became pregnant, of which six gave birth to healthy babies and three ended in early miscarriage. Conclusions. Angiographic embolization is an effective noninvasive method for the management of obstetrical hemorrhage and a useful technique for preserving fertility.
Changes in the prevalence of pre‐eclampsia in Akershus County and the rest of Norway during the past 35 years
Authors: Dahlstrøm Berit L. , Ellström Engh Marie , Bukholm Geir , Øian Pål 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground. Pre‐eclampsia, the etiology of which is unknown, is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. In Norway there has been a substantial change in lifestyle since 1970. Akershus is a growing urban county. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the prevalence of pre‐eclampsia in Akershus County and the rest of Norway during the past 35 years. Methods. The study is population‐based and retrospective. Deliveries are registered per inhabitant and pre‐eclampsia per delivery. Prevalence and prevalence ratios are calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Poisson regression analysis is used for assessment of trends. Results. The frequency of deliveries declined from 1.9% to 1.4% for Akershus County and from 1.7% to 1.3% in the rest of Norway. The prevalence of pre‐eclampsia increased from 3.1% to 3.7% for Akershus County and from 3.3% to 4.5% in the rest of Norway. Conclusions. The increase in the prevalence of pre‐eclampsia and the difference between Akershus and the rest of Norway are not likely to be explained by changes in genetic material. Altered registration routines throughout Norway since 1998 may influence the observations, and better registration routines may contribute to the observed lower prevalence in Akershus. Changes in lifestyle factors most likely explain the overall increase in the prevalence of pre‐eclampsia.
Vesicoamniotic shunting using a double‐basket catheter appears effective in treating fetal bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Won Hye‐Sung , Kim Sun‐Kwon , Shim Jae‐Yoon , Lee Pil Ryang , Kim Ahm 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground. To estimate the effect of vesicoamniotic shunting using a double‐basket catheter on treating fetal bladder outlet obstruction.Methods. A retrospective study involving 8 prenatally diagnosed bladder outlet obstruction cases that underwent vesicoamniotic shunt placement using a double‐basket catheter from 1998 to 2004. Patients were followed‐up for prenatal and neonatal outcome analyses.Results. Vesicoamniotic shunting was performed in 8 fetuses aged between 13.7 and 25.4 weeks' gestation (mean±SD, 19.7±3.5 weeks). Final diagnoses included 5 posterior urethral valves, 1 cloacal anomaly, 1 urethral stenosis, and 1 unknown. There were no maternal complications associated with the procedures. One woman diagnosed as having a fetus with posterior urethral valves decided to terminate her pregnancy and one fetus died in uterus spontaneously. Six women delivered live babies, and one baby required postnatal ventilatory support. Postnatal follow‐up ranged from 3 to 60 months. Of the 6 newborns, 4 survived with normal renal function, 1 had renal insufficiency, and 1 died of renal failure at 3 months of age.Conclusions. Vesicoamniotic shunt placement using a double‐basket catheter may be effective in improving perinatal and neonatal outcomes through long‐term decompression of the fetal urinary tract in carefully selected cases.
Increased ENA‐78 in the follicular fluid of patients with endometriosis
Authors: WUNDER DOROTHEA M. , MUELLER MICHAEL D. , BIRKHÄUSER MARTIN H. , BERSINGER NICK A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground. It is known that endometriosis is an inflammatory disease and those patients seem to have lower pregnancy rates. The aim of the study was to investigate the concentrations of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines in the follicular fluid of patients with and without endometriosis. Methods. Follicular aspiration, recovering follicular fluid during assisted reproductive treatment, follicular fluid storage and analysis of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines were carried out. Tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐8, interleukin‐15, leukemia inhibitory factor, epithelial neutrophil‐activating peptide 78, regulated upon activation, normal T‐cell expressed and secreted, and growth‐regulated oncogene‐α were analyzed in the follicular fluid and compared between women with (n=47) and without endometriosis (n=279). Results. The above cytokines were detected in the follicular fluid samples. Epithelial neutrophil‐activating peptide 78 levels were significantly higher in follicular fluid from endometriosis patients than from controls (p=0.008). Increases (to twice the control level) were also observed for tumor necrosis factor‐α and for interleukin‐6. Conclusions. Increased follicular fluid levels of epithelial neutrophil‐activating peptide 78, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 indicate that these cytokines may influence oocyte quality and fecundability of women with endometriosis by deteriorating the microenvironment in the human follicle.
Risk factors in developing pregnancy‐related pelvic girdle pain
Authors: Albert Hanne B. , Godskesen† Mona , Korsholm Lars , Westergaard Jes G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground. In this prospective epidemiologic cohort study the aim was to identify possible risk factors for developing four different syndromes of pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy. Methods. Over a one‐year period a total of 2,269 consecutive pregnant women – at week 33 of gestation – responded to a structured questionnaire and underwent a thorough physical examination. Women who at baseline reported daily pain from pelvic joints and had corresponding objective findings were allocated, according to symptoms, into one of four classification groups, and followed up with questionnaires and physical examinations up to two years after delivery. Results. Multivariate analysis could distinguish the four pelvic pain sub groups from the “Pelvic healthy” group with respect to 13 of 24 variables. The pelvic girdle syndrome group revealed a history of previous low back pain, trauma of the back or pelvis, multiparae, had a relatively higher weight, a higher level of self reported stress and of job At a higher risk of developing symphysiolysis were women who were multiparae, had a relatively higher weight, and were smokers. If a woman had vocational training or a professional education, was stressed, had a poorer experience of previous delivery, had previous low back pain, trauma of back, or previous salpingitis, she had an increased risk of developing one‐sided sacroiliac syndrome. The risk factors for developing double‐sided sacroiliac syndrome were previous low back pain and trauma of the back or pelvis, multiparae, poorer relationship with spouse, and less job satisfaction. Conclusions. This study demonstrates no single dominant risk factor for developing pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy, but reveals a set of physical and psychosocial factors. The risk factors for developing pelvic girdle pain in general are: history of previous low back pain, trauma of the back or pelvis, multivariate, higher level of stress, and low job satisfaction.
Intrapartum transfer from a birth centre to a hospital – reasons, procedures, and consequences1
Authors: DAVID M. , BERG G. , WERTH I. , PACHALY J. , MANSFELD A. , KENTENICH H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground. Investigation of the reasons for the transfer of women from a birth centre to a hospital in the course of childbirth as well as modalities and effects. Patients and method. In the prospective investigation from September 1, 1999 to August 31, 2001, information was collected for all women in Berlin and Bavaria transferred intrapartum from a birth centre to a hospital concerning the reason for the transfer, stage of delivery at the start of transfer, details of the transport, accompaniment, state of mother and medical diagnosis on arrival at the hospital, further progress of delivery, and the condition of the baby postnatum. Comparison groups were formed by all birth centre deliveries in Berlin and Bavaria 1999/2000 (n=3060) and hospital deliveries in Berlin and Bavaria 1998/1999 (selected data, n = 89 696 births). Results. Three hundred and sixty transfer cases could be evaluated, and a majority of these were nulliparous. The most frequent reasons for transfer were prior premature rupture of membranes and failure to progress in labor. Fifty‐seven percentages of the women who were transferred subsequently delivered spontaneously, with an episiotomy rate of approximately 30%. 1‐min Apgar value ≤ 7 were frequently in nulliparous and multiparous patients in the transfer group than in the comparison groups, as were 5‐min Apgar values ≤ 7 and pH < 7.10 in arterial cord blood in particular for nulliparous in the transfer group. Hospitalisation of neonates born to the transfer group and in particular the nulliparous was significantly more common. Conclusions. Women delivering in a birth centre represent in general a low‐risk group as a result of careful preselection by the centres. However, some neonatal data and the high rate of operative deliveries (cesarean section, forceps, and vaginal extraction) indicate that the intrapartum‐transferred women, in particular when nulliparous, represent than a special high‐risk group.
Perceived health, sick leave, psychosocial situation, and sexual life in women with low‐back pain and pelvic pain during pregnancy
Authors: Mogren Ingrid 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground. Low‐back pain and pelvic pain (LBPP) is a common problem during pregnancy. The aim of the study is to investigate perceived health, sick leave, psychosocial situation, and sexual life among women experiencing LBPP during pregnancy.Methods. All women who gave birth at one of two hospitals in northern Sweden from 1 January 2002 to 30 April 2002 were invited to complete a questionnaire on their obstetric history, pregnancy, and delivery. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed in order to calculate odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) where applicable. Pearson's chi‐square test was performed where applicable.Results. Most women were married or cohabiting (98%), and reported a ‘very good’ or ‘good’ partner relationship (96%) and a satisfying sexual life before pregnancy (91%). Only a few women reported perceived health as ‘quite poor’ or ‘poor’ before pregnancy (2%); however, this proportion increased during pregnancy (13%). In general, satisfying sexual life declined during pregnancy, which was also the case for the assessment of perceived health during pregnancy. Women with LBPP during pregnancy had an increased risk of reporting poor health (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.70–5.46). Overall, 68% of women had been on sick leave, and 22% had received maternity allowance. Women with LBPP reported sick leave in 72% of the participants.Conclusions. LBPP demonstrates a negative impact on perceived health and sexual life during pregnancy. A great majority of pregnant women were on sick leave at some time during pregnancy. These consequences make LBPP a major public health issue.
Pica in pregnancy in a privileged population: myth or reality
Authors: MIKKELSEN TINA BROBY , ANDERSEN ANNE‐MARIE NYBO , OLSEN SJURDUR FRODI 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground. In the literature pica is reported to be prevalent in pregnant women. Most studies have focused on less privileged populations, but is pica prevalent among privileged pregnant women? Methods. 100,000 pregnant women in the Danish National Birth Cohort were asked about pica in a food frequency questionnaire mailed in gestation week 25. Results. The response rate of the questionnaire was 70% of Danish National Birth Cohort participants. Only 14 women reported to have eaten substances that were clearly not foods, i.e. 0.02% had pica in this cohort of well nourished Danish women. Conclusion. It seems that, in privileged populations, pica is more a myth than a reality.
A boy or a girl? A Hungarian survey regarding gender selection
Authors: Fejes Imre , Szöllosi János , Závaczki Zoltán , Koloszár Sándor , Pál Attila 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground. Infertile Hungarian couples were surveyed with regard to their opinion of preconception gender selection by the separation of X‐ and Y‐bearing sperm populations. Methods. Self‐completion of a questionnaire. Group 1: subjects presenting for infertility examination; Group 2: presenting for homologous intrauterine insemination. Results. As concerns the gender of the firstborn, 13.8% of those in Group 1 preferred a boy and 10.3% a girl, while 75.9% had no preference. The male preference was higher in Group 2: 33.3% preferred a boy and 7.4% a girl while 59.3% had no preference (χ2, p<0.05). In the event of a wish for more offspring, 91% in Group 1 and 94% in Group 2 did not have a wish for only one particular gender. In Group 2, 30.8% were willing to pay the extra costs for a gender selection procedure as compared with only 10.8% of the couples in Group 1 (χ2, p<0.05). If the National Health Fund fully covered the costs, 53.4% in Group 1 and 38.5% in Group 2 would request the procedure for nonmedical reasons, while 94.6% and 97.4% of them, respectively would so for medical reasons. Conclusions. Our findings revealed a trend to preference for firstborn males, although couples wishing more than one offspring prefer equal numbers of male and female children. The utilization of preconception gender selection, therefore, would not seem to appreciably affect the natural male/female ratio. Genetic indications exert significant effects on the decision regarding sex selection procedures.