bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant dispersal by teal (Anas crecca) in the Camargue: duck guts are more important than their feet
Authors: BROCHET A. L. , GUILLEMAIN M. , FRITZ H. , GAUTHIER‐CLERC M. , GREEN A. J. 
Published: May 2010

Summary1. Migratory waterbirds are major vectors for the dispersal of aquatic plants. However, quantitative field studies of the frequency of transport are scarce, and the relative importance of internal and external transport remains unclear.2. We quantified and compared the rates of internal and external transport of aquatic plant propagules by teal (Anas crecca) in the Camargue (southern France), inspecting the lower gut contents of birds that had been shot (n = 366) and washing birds that had been live‐trapped (n = 68) during the winters of 2006–2007 and 2007–2008.3. Intact propagules (n = 902) of 21 plant taxa were recorded in the rectum of teal, of which 16 germinated or were shown to be viable. Intact propagules were recorded in the rectum of 20% of teal, with up to 171 propagules per individual bird. Chara oogonia were most abundant (60% of intact propagules), suggesting that small size favours internal transport. Eleocharis palustris, Juncus spp. and Potamogeton pusillus (17, 7 and 6% of intact propagules, respectively) were also very abundant.4. Intact propagules (n = 12) of 10 plant taxa were found on the outside of live teal, and four of these taxa later germinated. Intact propagules were found on 18% of teal. No teal was found to carry more than one propagule externally. There was no difference in size between propagules transported internally and externally.5. Teal are major dispersers of plants within the Camargue, despite being highly granivorous. Contrary to widespread assumptions in the literature, endozoochory by ducks appears to be a much more important mode of dispersal for aquatic plants than exozoochory. We found no evidence of changes in the probability of plant propagule dispersal at a landscape scale over the course of the winter, so propagule production and zoochory appear to be decoupled over time in aquatic systems.
High content cellular immune profiling reveals differences between rhesus monkeys and men
Authors: Magalhaes Isabelle , Vudattu Nalini K. , Ahmed Raija K. , Kühlmann‐Berenzon Sharon , Ngo Yen , Sizemore Donata R. , Wehlin Lena , Weichold Frank , Andersson Jan , Skeiky Yasir A.W. , Sadoff Jerry , Gaines Hans , Thorstensson Rigmor , Spångberg Mats , Maeurer Markus J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA better understanding of similarities and differences in the composition of the cellular immune system in non‐human primates (NHPs) compared with human subjects will improve the interpretation of preclinical studies. It will also aid in addressing the usefulness of NHPs as subjects for studying chronic diseases, vaccine development and immune reconstitution. We employed high content colour flow cytometry and analysed simultaneously the expression of CD3, CD4, CD8α, CD8β, CD16/CD56, CD45RA, CCR7, CD27, CD28, CD107a and the interleukin‐7 receptor α‐chain (IL‐7Rα) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 27 rhesus macaques and 16 healthy human subjects. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) were identified using anti‐CD3, ‐CD4, ‐CD25, ‐FoxP3, and ‐IL‐7Rα monoclonal antibodies. Responsiveness to IL‐7 was gauged in a signal transducer and activation of transcription 5 (STAT‐5) phosphorylation assay. Human and NHP PBMCs showed a similar T‐cell composition pattern with some remarkable differences. Similarities: human and NHP CD4+ and CD8+ cells showed a similar STAT‐5 phosphorylation pattern in response to IL‐7. Multicolour flow cytometric analysis identified a CD4+ CD8αα+ CD8αβ+ T‐cell population in NHPs as well as in human subjects that expressed the degranulation marker CD107a and may represent a unique CD4+ T‐cell subset endowed with cytotoxic capacity. Differences: we identified in PBMCs from NHPs a higher proportion (5·16% in CD3+ T cells) of CD8αα+ T cells when compared with human donors (1·22% in CD3+ T cells). NHP CD8αα+ T cells produced tumour necrosis factor‐α / interferon‐γ (TNF‐α/IFN‐γ) or TNF‐α, whereas human CD8αα+ T cells produced simultaneously TNF‐α/IFN‐γ and IL‐2. A minor percentage of human CD8+ T cells expressed CD25bright and FoxP3 (0·01%). In contrast, 0·07% of NHP CD8+ T cells exhibited the CD25bright FoxP3+ phenotype. PBMCs from NHPs showed less IL‐7Rα‐positive events in all T‐cell subsets including CD4+ Tregs (median 5%) as compared with human (median 12%). The data visualize commonalities and differences in immune cell subsets in humans and NHPs, most of them in long‐lived memory cells and cells with suppressive functions. This provides a matrix to assess future efforts to study diseases and vaccines in NHPs.
Interleukin (IL)‐21‐independent pathogen‐specific CD8+ T‐cell expansion, and IL‐21‐dependent suppression of CD4+ T‐cell IL‐17 production
Authors: Ertelt James M. , Johanns Tanner M. , Rowe Jared H. , Way Sing Sing 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAlthough interleukin‐21 (IL‐21) potently activates and controls the differentiation of immune cells after stimulation in vitro, the role for this pleiotropic cytokine during in vivo infection remains poorly defined. Herein, the requirement for IL‐21 in innate and adaptive host defence after Listeria monocytogenes infection was examined. In the innate phase, IL‐21 deficiency did not cause significant defects in infection susceptibility, or in the early activation of natural killer and T cells. In the adaptive phase, L. monocytogenes‐specific CD8+ T cells expand to a similar magnitude in IL‐21‐deficient mice compared with control mice. Interestingly, the IL‐21‐independent expansion of L. monocytogenes‐specific CD8+ T cells was maintained even in the combined absence of IL‐12 and type I interferon (IFN) receptor. Similarly, L. monocytogenes‐specific CD4+ T cells expanded and produced similar levels of IFN‐γ regardless of IL‐21 deficiency. Unexpectedly however, IL‐21 deficiency caused significantly increased CD4+ T‐cell IL‐17 production, and this effect became even more pronounced after L. monocytogenes infection in mice with combined defects in both IL‐12 and type I IFN receptor that develop a T helper type 17‐dominated CD4+ T‐cell response. Despite increased CD4+ T‐cell IL‐17 production, L. monocytogenes‐specific T cells re‐expanded and conferred protection against secondary challenge with virulent L. monocytogenes regardless of IL‐21 deficiency, or combined defects in IL‐21, IL‐12, and type I IFN receptor. Together, these results demonstrate non‐essential individual and combined roles for IL‐21, IL‐12 and type I IFNs in priming pathogen‐specific CD8+ T cells, and reveal IL‐21‐dependent suppression of IL‐17 production by CD4+ T cells during in vivo infection.
Distribution and development of the postnatal murine Vδ1 T‐cell receptor repertoire
Authors: Holtmeier Wolfgang , Gille Jens , Zeuzem Stefan , Šinkora Marek 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMurine γ/δ T cells express canonical Vγ5Vδ1 chains in the epidermis and Vγ6Vδ1 chains at reproductive sites. Both subsets carry an identical Vδ1‐Dδ2‐Jδ2 chain which completely lacks junctional diversity. These cells are thought to monitor tissue integrity via recognition of stress‐induced self antigens. In this study, we showed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) spectratyping and sequencing of the junctional regions of Vδ1 chains from C57BL/6 mice (aged 1 day to 14 months) that the canonical Vδ1‐Dδ2‐Jδ2 chain is also consistently present at other sites such as the thymus, gut, lung, liver, spleen and peripheral blood. In addition, we found multiple Vδ1 chains with fetal type rearrangements which were also shared among organs and among animals. These Vδ1 chains were typically characterized by a conserved amino acid motif, ‘GGIRA’. Furthermore, by analysing the early postnatal period at days 10 and 16, we demonstrated that the diversification of the thymic Vδ1 repertoire is not paralleled by a diversification of extrathymic Vδ1+γ/δ T cells. This indicates that only fetal type rearrangements survive at extrathymic sites. In conclusion, γ/δ T cells expressing the canonical Vδ1‐Dδ2‐Jδ2 chain are not unique to the skin and reproductive sites. Furthermore, we found other γ/δ T cells expressing fetal type Vδ1 chains which were shared among different organs and animals. Thus, γ/δ T cells expressing conserved Vδ1 chains are likely to have important functions. We suggest a model in which this subset continuously recirculates throughout the organism and rapidly responds to stress‐induced self antigens.
Mold‐sensitivity in children with moderate‐severe asthma is associated with HLA‐DR and HLA‐DQ
Authors: Knutsen A. P. , Vijay H. M. , Kumar V. , Kariuki B. , Santiago L. A. , Graff R. , Wofford J. D. , Shah M. R. 
Published: May 2010

To cite this article: Knutsen AP, Vijay HM, Kumar V, Kariuki B, Santiago LA, Graff R, Wofford JD, Shah MR. Mold‐sensitivity in children with moderate‐severe asthma is associated with HLA‐DR and HLA‐DQ. Allergy 2010; 65: 1367–1375.AbstractBackground:  Several epidemiologic studies in the United States and Europe have linked Alternaria sensitivity to both persistence and severity of asthma. In this study, we examined T cell responses and HLA class II alleles in children with moderate‐severe asthma.Methods:  Ninety‐six children with moderate‐severe asthma were compared to 90 children with mild asthma. HLA class II genotyping was performed to determine HLA allelic frequencies. Th1/Th2 Alternaria‐specific T cell cytokine responses were determined by the use of Alternaria‐stimulated cultures. HLA class II restriction was examined by inhibition of Alternaria‐stimulated lymphoproliferative responses with blocking anti‐HLA class II monoclonal antibodies.Results:  Children with moderate‐severe asthma had significantly increased sensitivities to Aspergillus fumigatus; sensitivities to Alternaria were similar in both moderate‐severe and mild asthmatics. The frequency of HLA‐DRB1*13 alleles were increased in mold‐sensitive moderate‐severe asthmatic children. HLA‐DRB1*03 tended to be increased in mold‐sensitive moderate‐severe asthmatics. The frequency of HLA‐DQB1*03 alleles was significantly decreased in mold and Alternaria‐sensitive moderate‐severe asthma. HLA class II blocking monoclonal antibodies demonstrated HLA‐DR restriction. Alternaria‐stimulated IL‐5 and IL‐13 synthesis was significantly increased in moderate‐severe asthmatics. IL‐5 and IL‐13 synthesis was significantly increased in Alternaria‐stimulated lymphocyte cultures of HLA‐DQB1*03‐ asthmatics compared to HLA‐DQB1*03+ asthmatics.Conclusions:  In children with Alternaria‐sensitive moderate‐severe asthma, there was increased Th2 sensitivity to Alternaria stimulation. This was associated with HLA‐DR restriction and with increased frequency of HLA‐DRB1*13 and HLA‐DRB1*03. There was decreased frequency of HLA‐DQB1*03 in Alternaria‐sensitive moderate‐severe asthma, suggesting HLA‐DQB1*03 may be protective of the development of Alternaria‐sensitive severe asthma.
Specific recommendations for PROs and HRQoL assessment in allergic rhinitis and/or asthma: a GA2LEN taskforce position paper
Authors: Braido F. , Bousquet P. J. , Brzoza Z. , Canonica G. W. , Compalati E. , Fiocchi A. , Fokkens W. , Gerth van Wijk R. , La Grutta S. , Lombardi C. , Maurer M. , Pinto A. M. , Ridolo E. , Senna G. E. , Terreehorst I. , Todo Bom A. , Bousquet J. , Zuberbier T. , Baiardini I. 
Published: May 2010

To cite this article:Braido F, Bousquet PJ, Brzoza Z, Canonica GW, Compalati E, Fiocchi A, Fokkens W, Gerth van Wijk R, La Grutta S, Lombardi C, Maurer M, Pinto AM, Ridolo E, Senna GE, Terreehorst I, Todo Bom A, Bousquet J, Zuberbier T, Baiardini I. Specific recommendations for PROs and HRQoL assessment in allergic rhinitis and/or asthma: a GA2LEN taskforce position paper.Allergy2010;65: 959–968.AbstractThe GA2LEN taskforce on Patient‐Reported Outcomes (PROs) and Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) published in 2009 a position paper concerning PROS and HRQoL assessment in clinical trials on allergy. Because of the specificity of this topic in asthma and rhinitis, specific recommendations are needed. The aim of this position paper is to define PROs and their meaning in asthma and rhinitis research, explore the available tools to provide criteria for a proper choice, identify patient‐related factor which could influence PROs assessment, define specific recommendations for assessment, analysis and results spreading, underline the unexplored areas and unmet needs. PROs assessment is gaining increasing importance, and it must be performed with a rigorous methodological procedure and using validated tools. This approach enables to better understand patient‐related factors influencing clinical trials and real‐life management outcomes, identify patients subgroups that can benefit from specific treatment and management plan and tailor treatment to address PROs (not only physician‐defined targets) to improve asthma and rhinitis management.
IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity reactions to methylprednisolone
Authors: Aranda A. , Mayorga C. , Ariza A. , Doña I. , Blanca‐Lopez N. , Canto G. , Blanca M. , Torres M. J. 
Published: May 2010

To cite this article:Aranda A, Mayorga C, Ariza A, Doña I, Blanca‐Lopez N, Canto G, Blanca M, Torres MJ. IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity reactions to methylprednisolone.Allergy2010;65: 1376–1380.AbstractBackground: Allergic reactions to systemically administered corticosteroids seem to be infrequent considering their extensive use. The aim of the study was to evaluate the IgE response in patients with immediate allergic reactions to methylprednisolone (MP).Methods: Four subjects who developed immediate reactions after MP administration and ten controls with good tolerance to MP administration were evaluated. Skin prick and intradermal testing were done using MP, hydrocortisone (HC), and dexamethasone (DX). If negative, a drug provocation test (DPT) was done to confirm the diagnosis and assess cross‐reactivity. Thein vitroIgE response was evaluated by the basophil activation test (BAT) and ImmunoCAP.Results: Three patients were diagnosed by the presence of a positive skin test in the immediate reading with MP, two by prick and one by intradermal testing, and one patient was skin test negative and diagnosed by DPT. All four patients had good tolerance to HC and DX. The BAT was positive for just MP in those patients with positive skin tests, with all patients being negative for HC and DX. Two patients were also ImmunoCAP positive to MP.Conclusions: This study confirms the existence of immediate allergic reactions to MP and that some are mediated by specific IgE antibodies. Skin testing, ImmunoCAP and the BAT are useful to confirm the diagnosis.
Micrometer‐sized thread‐like and/or spherical particles in the first fraction of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Båve Ullvi , Nybom Rolf , Landén Mikael , Wetterberg Lennart 
Published: May 2010

Båve U, Nybom R, Landén M, Wetterberg L. Micrometer‐sized thread‐like and/or spherical particles in the first fraction of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 298–305. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a powerful tool to identify pathogenic factors for which sensitive tests are lacking. The technique has been used to recognize structures in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to use SEM to screen for potential particles in CSF in bipolar disorder.Methods:  Fresh CSF samples from 56 euthymic bipolar patients, 31 bipolar I disorder and 25 bipolar II disorder, were compared to CSF samples from 20 controls. SEM of two portions of 200 μL filtered CSF was performed; the first 0.6 mL of CSF and the following 12 mL. The microscopic structures were identified and the quantity and patterns were rated by two independent researchers.Results:  Quantitative SEM examinations showed that of the 56 patients, 11 were free of any SEM structures in CSF, while 45 patients displayed morphological structures in the first 0.6 mL of CSF. By contrast, only 2 patients showed structures in the second CSF fraction drawn from the following mixed 12 mL of CSF. In total, 45 of the 56 patients had either thread‐like, spherical, or both structures in the CSF, compared to none of the 20 controls.Conclusions:  The identified particles in the first fraction of CSF have previously not been described in patients with bipolar disorder. Hypothetically, the amount of SEM structures in CSF, from none to many, might correlate to the degree of the alleged underlying disease processes in the central nervous system in patients with bipolar disease.
Factors associated with functional recovery in bipolar disorder patients
Authors: Wingo Aliza P , Baldessarini Ross J , Holtzheimer Paul E , Harvey Philip D 
Published: May 2010

Wingo AP, Baldessarini RJ, Holtzheimer PE, Harvey PD. Factors associated with functional recovery in bipolar disorder patients. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 319–326. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Among bipolar disorder (BPD) patients, functional recovery, defined as regaining individual premorbid residential and vocational status, is far less common than symptomatic recovery. As several factors have tentatively been implicated in outcomes in BPD, we investigated predictors of functional recovery among BPD patients, including demographic, clinical, and neurocognitive factors.Methods:  We assessed functional recovery status with standardized residential and occupational indices, assessed neurocognitive functioning with performance‐based neuropsychological tests, and collected demographic and clinical information for 65 euthymic or residually depressed Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV‐defined type I or II BPD patients. We examined predictors of functional recovery with multiple logistic regression modeling.Results:  More education (p = 0.006), fewer years of illness (p = 0.037), and being married (p = 0.045) were associated independently with functional recovery, even after controlling for residual depressive symptoms, diagnostic type (I versus II), and psychiatric comorbidity. Functionally unrecovered BPD patients performed less well than recovered patients on verbal fluency (effect size = 0.54, p = 0.03), a measure of executive functioning, but this difference was not significant when adjusted for residual mood symptoms and education.Conclusions:  Among euthymic or mildly depressed BPD patients, functional recovery was associated with more education, being married, and fewer years of illness.
Identification of bipolar disorder in women with postpartum depression
Authors: Sharma Verinder , Khan Mustaq 
Published: May 2010

Sharma V, Khan M. Identification of bipolar disorder in women with postpartum depression. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 335–340. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  No studies to date have assessed the pharmacological management of treatment‐resistant postpartum depression. We reviewed the pharmacological treatment of postpartum depression in patients diagnosed with treatment‐resistant ‘unipolar’ depression.Methods:  We conducted a chart review of patients treated consecutively at a perinatal clinic. Treatment‐resistant postpartum depression was defined as a failure to respond to at least one adequate antidepressant trial. Patients were diagnosed using the DSM‐IV criteria, and the Clinical Global Impression–Improvement (CGI‐I) rating scale was used to assess response to various pharmacological interventions.Results:  The majority of patients (57%, 34/60) referred for postpartum depression actually suffered from bipolar disorder. All patients were on antidepressants at the time of referral, but by the end of the study 37% (22/60) continued on antidepressants alone or in combination with other medications. CGI‐I ratings showed appreciable improvement in depression at the end of six months following the initial consultation. Very much improvement was noted in 65% (39/60) of patients, and 22% (13/60) were considered much improved. The most common change in medication was a switch to or addition of an atypical neuroleptic.Limitations:  Retrospective design, small sample size, and lack of a control group.Conclusions:  Management of treatment resistance in women with postpartum depression should be considered within the context of types of mood disorders. Atypical neuroleptics and mood stabilizers used alone or as adjuncts should be considered in the treatment of resistant postpartum depression in patients with a bipolar diathesis.
A prospective latent analyses study of psychiatric comorbidity of DSM‐IV bipolar I and II disorders
Authors: Mantere Outi , Isometsä Erkki , Ketokivi Mikko , Kiviruusu Olli , Suominen Kirsi , Valtonen Hanna M , Arvilommi Petri , Leppämäki Sami 
Published: May 2010

Mantere O, Isometsä E, Ketokivi M, Kiviruusu O, Suominen K, Valtonen HM, Arvilommi P, Leppämäki S. A prospective latent analyses study of psychiatric comorbidity of DSM‐IV bipolar I and II disorders. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 271–284. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  To test two hypotheses of psychiatric comorbidity in bipolar disorder (BD): (i) comorbid disorders are independent of BD course, or (ii) comorbid disorders associate with mood.Methods:  In the Jorvi Bipolar Study (JoBS), 191 secondary‐care outpatients and inpatients with DSM‐IV bipolar I disorder (BD‐I) or bipolar II disorder (BD‐II) were evaluated with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Disorders, with psychotic screen, plus symptom scales, at intake and at 6 and 18 months. Three evaluations of comorbidity were available for 144 subjects (65 BD‐I, 79 BD‐II; 76.6% of 188 living patients). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine correlations between mood symptoms and comorbidity. A latent change model (LCM) was used to examine intraindividual changes across time in depressive and anxiety symptoms. Current mood was modeled in terms of current illness phase, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Young Mania Rating Scale, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; comorbidity in terms of categorical DSM‐IV anxiety disorder diagnosis, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) score, and DSM‐IV‐based scales of substance use and eating disorders.Results:  In the SEM, depression and anxiety exhibited strong cross‐sectional and autoregressive correlation; high levels of depression were associated with high concurrent anxiety, both persisting over time. Substance use disorders covaried with manic symptoms (r = 0.16–0.20, p < 0.05), and eating disorders with depressive symptoms (r = 0.15–0.32, p < 0.05). In the LCM, longitudinal intraindividual improvements in BDI were associated with similar BAI improvement (r = 0.42, p < 0.001).Conclusions:  Depression and anxiety covary strongly cross‐sectionally and longitudinally in BD. Substance use disorders are moderately associated with manic symptoms, and eating disorders with depressive mood.