bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Software engineering, smartphones and health systems, and security warnings
Authors: Linden Greg , Ortega Ruben , Hong Jason 
Published: December 2009

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Greg Linden writes about frequent software deployments, Ruben Ortega reports on smartphones and health systems research, and Jason Hong discusses designing effective security warnings.
The future of digital imaging
Authors: Hur Wonchang , Kim Dongsoo 
Published: December 2009

Introduction

Traditionally, radiology is a support department that provides imaging services to other hospital departments. In this conventional framework, the primary concerns of a radiology department were how to enhance the productivity of imaging workflows. Most efforts have been made principally to remove unnecessary communications and thereby reduce report turnaround time. The introduction of information systems such as PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) and RIS (Radiology Information System) are typical examples of such efforts.
Over the past decades, imaging technologies have advanced remarkably, and have led to the proliferation of digital imaging services. Many imaging solution providers are offering various off-the-shelf software programs at more affordable prices. Those programs are equipped with sophisticated imaging functions, and can easily manipulate the large amounts of image data generated from high-performance imaging modalities. As a result, the number of imaging centers providing diagnostic imaging services has grown considerably, and competition between them has intensified.
In this evolving environment, enhanced productivity of imaging workflow is not sufficient to guarantee a competitive and successful imaging business. Rather, more diversified perspectives of customer satisfaction must be considered, and technological advancements must be leveraged for the quality and the competitiveness as well as the productivity of imaging services.
In this article, we envision digital imaging services in radiology, with emphasis on the recent advancements in digital imaging technology and its future direction. Specifically, we focus on the four major issues prevailing in current imaging business practices: specialization, flexibility, reliability, and usability. We investigate the kinds of technologies pertaining to each issue, as well as the ways in which such technologies have enabled the invention of innovative services in diagnostic imaging practice.
Mobile Web 2.0 with multi-display buttons
Authors: Kim Seongwoon , Lee Inseong , Lee Kiho , Jung Seungki , Park Joonah , Kim Yeun Bae , Kim Sang Ryong , Kim Jinwoo 
Published: December 2009

Introduction

User-Generated Content (UGC) IS A BURGEONING social phenomenon being watched in today's world with keen interest. UGC is an online new-media content created by users rather than by conventional media such as broadcasters. A typical example would be Flickr, an online photo-sharing site with 37 million images, to which its 1.2 million members add up to 200,000 images daily. UGC is shifting the paradigm of Internet use away from the one-way propagation of media content by companies towards the creation and sharing of media content by and among ordinary users.
The mobile phone is an especially important means of promoting user generation and exchange of media content. Many mobile phones now have built-in digital cameras and inherent network connectivity. These features have greatly facilitated the creation and sharing of media content. For instance, users can immediately upload photos on Flickr with their mobile phones as well as access Flickr and browse other people's media content.
However, the constraints of a typical mobile phone---its small display and limited number of buttons---make use of mobile UGC services challenging. Only a few studies have investigated hardware or software alternatives to address these problems. This article presents a new user interface (UI) for mobile phones, one that makes use of UGC services easier and more efficient.
The new interface has two key characteristics: one pertaining to content structure, and another to content visualization. More specifically, the new UI employs two major mobile Web 2.0 technologies, the tag and the tag cloud, and multi-display buttons increase the display size and flexibility of individual buttons. The interface is dedicated specifically towards supporting exploratory browsing within mobile UGC services, because users of such services are likely to focus on exploratory browsing and serendipitous discovery and be more inclined toward entertainment rather than utility. Here, we describe the new interface and investigate whether it aids in enhancing exploratory browsing within mobile UGC services.
Think big for reuse
Authors: Witman Paul D. , Ryan Terry 
Published: December 2009

Introduction

Many organizations are successful with software reuse at fine to medium granularities -- ranging from objects, subroutines, and components through software product lines. However, relatively little has been published on very large-grained reuse. One example of this type of large-grained reuse might be that of an entire Internet banking system (applications and infrastructure) reused in business units all over the world. In contrast, "large scale" software reuse in current research generally refers to systems that reuse a large number of smaller components, or that perhaps reuse subsystems. In this article, we explore a case of an organization with an internal development group that has been very successful with large-grained software reuse.
BigFinancial, and the BigFinancial Technology Center (BTC) in particular, have created a number of software systems that have been reused in multiple businesses and in multiple countries. BigFinancial and BTC thus provided a rich source of data for case studies to look at the characteristics of those projects and why they have been successful, as well as to look at projects that have been less successful and to understand what has caused those results and what might be done differently to prevent issues in the future. The research is focused on technology, process, and organizational elements of the development process, rather than on specific product features and functions.
Supporting reuse at a large-grained level may help to alleviate some of the issues that occur in more traditional reuse programs, which tend to be finer-grained. In particular, because BigFinancial was trying to gain commonality in business processes and operating models, reuse of large-grained components was more closely aligned with its business goals. This same effect may well not have happened with finer-grained reuse, due to the continued ability of business units to more readily pick and choose components for reuse.
BTC is a technology development unit of BigFinancial, with operations in both the eastern and western US. Approximately 500 people are employed by BTC, reporting ultimately through a single line manager responsible to the Global Retail Business unit head of BigFinancial. BTC is organized to deliver both products and infrastructure components to BigFinancial, and its product line has through the years included consumer Internet banking services, teller systems, ATM software, and network management tools. BigFinancial has its U.S. operations headquartered in the eastern U.S., and employs more than 8,000 technologists worldwide.
In cooperation with BTC, we selected three cases for further study from a pool of about 25. These cases were the Java Banking Toolkit (JBT) and its related application systems, the Worldwide Single Signon (WSSO) subsystem, and the BigFinancial Message Switch (BMS).
The Divine Essence, that Inaccessible Kabod Enthroned in Heaven: Nazianzen’s Oratio 28,3 and the Tradition of Apophatic Theology from Symbols to Philosophical Concepts
Authors: Giulea Dragoş A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn his second theological oration (Oratio 28,3), Gregory Nazianzen equates the divine glory (kabod ) of the Holy of Holies with the divine essence and asserts their inaccessible character. An investigation into the meaning of these two terms unveils their origins in two distinct traditions, the former tracing its roots back to the ancient Semitic symbolisms of the forbidden divine glory and throne, the latter to the Hellenistic philosophical conception of an immaterial and incomprehensible divinity. The thesis advanced in this study is that these two different languages represent two semiotic forms of apophaticism, one expressed through the mysterium tremendum inspiring symbols and images of fire, dazzling glory and enigmatic heavenly creatures, guardians of the enthroned Kabod, the other through negative philosophical terminologies. The identity of the two semiotic forms is established at the end of an investigation that concludes with the observation that Hellenistic theologians developed their apophatic discourses mostly in the context of interpreting biblical reports on the theophanies of the divine and unapproachable enthroned Kabod. It was in this hermeneutical context that they “translated” the symbols of interdiction into philosophical negative concepts.
Eusebius C. Hier. 6.5 on Man and Fowl: An Instance of Christian-Pagan Dialogue on a Theurgic Ritual
Authors: Spanoudakis Konstantinos 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEusebius (C. Hier. 6.5), relying on the universal law of locus proprius, rejects the practice of men acting like winged creatures. The allusion appears to be specifically to a Chaldaean ritual in which initiates imitate the cries and other sounds of birds rising for flight in an apparent enactment of the ‘rising’ soul. Greek and Coptic sources (Damascius, Hermias and Shenoute) help reconstruct the ritual. This relates to the image of Apollonius of Tyana as theurgist and magician, but originally it may have been part of the controversies about Paul’s dogma of resurrection (1Thess. 4.17). Porphyry (C. Chr. fr. 35 Harn.) employs the same arguments as Eusebius to ridicule Paul’s notion about men caught up in clouds to meet God in air. Rather than taking this as a matter of coincidence, it would seem that Eusebius, who wrote an extensive riposte (now lost) to Porphyry’s tract, probably replied to Porphyry’s ridicule of Paul by counter-ridiculing the pagan flight-ritual.
The Liber Bartholomaei on the Ascension: Edition of Bibliothèque Nationale Copte 1321 f. 37
Authors: Gardner Iain , Johnston Jay 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article publishes the editio princeps (with English translation) of a parchment codex leaf belonging to Ms. A of the Liber Bartholomaei. The text is written in Sahidic Coptic, originates from the White Monastery (ca. Xth A.D.), and is now held in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. The leaf includes the ascension of Jesus sequence from the apocryphon as witnessed by the apostles; and the article provides a synopsis of this section in Ms. A with the published texts of Mss. B-D, together with the parallel from the Gospel of the Savior. The ensuing discussion casts light on the redaction history of the LB, the relative worth of the four known recensions (A-D), and the development of narratives about the ascension of Jesus in the Coptic apocryphal tradition.
Biblical Studies 'after' Theory: Onwards Towards the Past Part One: After 'after Theory', and Other Apocalyptic Conceits
Authors: Moore Stephen , Sherwood Yvonne 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAt present, 'high theory', epitomized by poststructuralism, is in a perceived state of decline in literary studies. This three-part article explores the complex ramifications of the 'after theory' debate for biblical studies, a field that, for the most part, still seems to be in a 'before theory' phase. Our intent, however, is not to sell biblical scholars on Theory, finally, before the supply runs out. Our aim, rather, is diagnostic and analytic. We want to look at what has happened, what has failed to happen, and what might yet happen in biblical studies in relation to Theory, and reflect on what these various appropriations, adaptations and missed encounters reveal about the very different disciplinary spaces occupied by biblical studies and literary studies, and the very different disciplinary histories that have brought each of these spaces into being. Contending that Theory's most important contribution is the self-reflexive and metacritical moves it makes possible, our reflection on Theory's reception in biblical studies is intended to defamiliarise the peculiarities of our own disciplinary space. What follows is the first installment of this three-part article.
Objectives and Consequences of the Neo-Assyrian Imperial Exercise
Authors: Miller Daniel 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Neo-Assyrian Empire was most ascendant in the eighth and seventh centuries B.C.E., ultimately controlling most of the ancient Near East before fading from history in 612. Assyrian ideology was predicated on cosmic supremacy of their chief deity Ashur, with the Assyrian monarch considered to be his vice-regent in "world" conquest. Assyrian imperialism may thus be said to have been religious in character. Nevertheless, the impetus for Assyrian domination was not primarily cultic. It was not compulsive desire to make subject peoples worship Ashur, but rather (as with empires in general) political and economic concerns that motivated Assyrian actions.
The Otherness that Is Only Difference: Theological Speculation for a Post-Traditional World
Authors: Powell Matthew 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis essay creates a dialogue between George Steiner, Jacques Derrida, and Mark C. Taylor that seeks to address the need for new theological perspectives in a world overcome by the absence of God. In claiming that the current crisis of religious identity that plagues the Western world is the product of the breakdown of theological traditions, the essay attempts to explore the potential of that breakdown as the source for a new type of theological speculation that seeks the ultimate source of authentic religious identity in an otherness that is only difference. The result is a type of "atheology" that seeks to ground theological speculation in a Wholly Other whose inexplicable call leads us past the concept of "God" and toward an unknowing that is the only source of true knowledge.
Regulating Religious Noise: The Council of Vienne, the Mosque Call and Muslim Pilgrimage in the Late Medieval Mediterranean World
Authors: Constable Olivia Remie 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the issue of religious noise in the later middle ages, in those areas of the western Mediterranean, especially in the Crown of Aragón, where Muslims and Christians lived in close proximity. In particular, it considers the role of the Council of Vienne (1311) in shifting and reflecting contemporary Christian attitudes toward public and audible Muslim religious observance, including the call to prayer (adhān) and local pilgrimage (ziyāra). This article will place the Vienne rulings in a wider context, first discussing the regulation of religious noise until the end of the thirteenth century, then examining data from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. As will become evident, although the Council of Vienne did mark a turning point in the Christian effort to control the religious acoustic environment, its legislation was neither as original nor as effective as is often believed. Nevertheless, the Council marked a shift in contemporary thinking about religious noise, signaling increased awareness of noise as a problem and adding authority to prohibitions on public Muslim religious expression. Parallel concerns expressed by both Muslims and Christians about the religious noise and public rituals of minority communities (whether the mosque call, the ringing of bells, or local pilgrimage) demonstrate inter-religious tensions in the Mediterranean World at the turn of the fourteenth century.
Christopher Henrik Braad (1728-81) and his extracts in 1760 from the Surat Capuchins' mission diary that they had kept since the 1650s. An Introduction
Authors: Franks Jeremy 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMade in Surat, India, in 1760, these extracts from a confidential diary kept in French by a Capuchin mission there since the 1650s are presented in a 21st-century translation into English. Beginning when Aurangzeb became the Mughal emperor, they record nearly a century of significant events while the mission survived as the city declined. The manuscript of extracts, held by Uppsala University, is the only known evidence of the diary's existence. C.H. Braad (1728-81), a senior trader for the Swedish East India Company when he made the extracts, was a Stockholm-born Lutheran. The Catholic Capuchins' trust that he, alone of countless Europeans in Surat, would keep the diary secret—as he did to the end of his life—is good reason for relying on his accuracy. The introduction provides a context for the extracts by drawing on his extensive, still unpublished writings about India: Surat in 1750-51, Bengal in the mid 1750s and his autobiography from 1781 for this and his voyages in the Indian Ocean.
Imperial Reach Versus Institutional Grasp: Superstates of The West and Central African Sudan in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Austen Ralph 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe history of five states in the African West and Central Sudan—Songhay, Borno, Segu, Samory and the Sokoto Caliphate—is analyzed for a period from ca. 1500 to ca. 1900. Recent scholarship has stressed the non-territorial nature of these “states without maps”, an issue that needs to be dealt in a more nuanced manner, given the efforts by local regimes to control both multiple urban centers of commerce and rural zones of agricultural production as well as maintaining regular systems of taxation. None of these states used writing or salary payments to maintain an effective bureaucracy, basing their power instead upon various combinations of lineages with claims to ruling or aristocratic status, associations of young unmarried male initiates, segregated occupational groups (bards, smiths and fisher folk) and finally, slaves. Warfare was the main occupation of Sudanic empires but despite the introduction of firearms in the late 1500s, weapons and tactics did not undergo a “gunpowder revolution,” continuing instead to center around horses and armor. Sudanic rulers controlled access to these resources more easily than European monarchs and they also proved effective in the major goal of campaigns: not territorial competition with other states but rather raiding for slaves. Islam played an increasing role in general life and politics of Sudanic Africa (the most powerful of these empires, Sokoto, was a nineteenth-century jihadist state). However, the potential that such a scriptural faith offered for transforming administration, law and commercial life was not fully realized by the time the region came under European rule and thus moved from its early modern to modern history.
The Rate of Profit and the Problem of Stagnant Investment: A Structural Analysis of Barriers to Accumulation and the Spectre of Protracted Crisis
Authors: Beitel Karl 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper situates the subprime crisis in the context of the performance of the American economy over the last twenty-five years. The restructuring of the US economy is briefly reviewed, followed by an examination of some of the contradictions of the neoliberal model. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding the reasons behind stagnant investment, and how the US finance-led accumulation-régime has become dependent upon, and threatened by, credit-creation delinked from the financing of fixed-capital formation. I argue that while the defeat of the remnants of the New-Deal/Civil-Rights liberal-democratic coalition has provided the political context for the bold re-assertion of the prerogatives of capitalist owners, the neoliberal model has not provided a path out of problems of stagnation and growing debt-dependency that presently plague the US (and global) economy. Further, I argue that evidence suggests that the post-1982 restoration of profitability that underpinned the relative improvement of US economic performance has peaked, and that compelling historical and theoretical reasons exist to expect that the profit-rate will decline in the coming decade. This will introduce additional stresses on the current debt-structure of the US economy, triggering a period of prolonged crisis and economic dislocation. The conclusion is that the US economy faces the spectre of a protracted crisis associated with the reassertion of the falling rate of profit.
Poulantzas lesen. Zur Aktualität marxistischer Staatstheorie
Authors: Müller Julian 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis review discusses a collection of papers on Nicos Poulantzas's contribution to Marxist state-theory and socialist strategy. Chapters are grouped into three subject-areas: theory and method; globalisation; political strategy. Particular attention is paid to Poulantzas's definition of the state and methodology for investigating concrete state-forms. Poulantzas gives primacy to the balance of forces between classes, which raises two questions: Should his approach be integrated with theories which emphasise the formal aspects of the capitalist state? Can power-relations other than those between classes be integrated into a Poulantzian framework? Poulantzas's work is also relevant to the study of globalisation and supranational actors. First, his investigations of the internationalisation of capital and different fractions of the bourgeoisie help us analyse developments since the 1970s. Second, his theory of the state and its functions provide a benchmark for assessing to which degree national states have been superseded by inter-/supranational institutions such as the EU. Regarding political strategy, the focus is on the path towards democratic socialism. Questions raised concern primarily the right mixture of struggles inside and outside the institutions of parliamentary democracy.
Ends in Sight: Marx/Fukuyama/Hobsbawm/Anderson
Authors: Noys Benjamin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGregory Elliott's Ends in Sight (2008) argues that Marxism is no longer a 'real movement' grounded in the historical tendencies of the present, but has retreated into being a utopian idea. Refusing to embrace anti-Marxism, Elliott controversially argues that such a position is the only realistic one that can be held by the Left in the wake of the defeat of historical socialism. In assessing this claim, this review-essay re-traces Elliott's indebtedness to the work of Perry Anderson, and notes the tension Elliott reproduces from Anderson between resignation to defeat and a realism that would scan for new signs of resistance. Elliott's closing embrace of a full-blown pessimism is criticised as inconsistent with the necessity of some consolatory 'illusions' to any radical political mobilisation. The crucial question that Elliott raises concerns the motivational power of Marxism as a political discourse, particularly once shorn of its grounding in the 'tide of history'.