bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Characteristics and Somatotype of Soccer Players according to Playing Level and Position
Authors: Hazir Tahir 
Published: January 2011

Physical Characteristics and Somatotype of Soccer Players according to Playing Level and Position
The purpose of this study was to assess the physical characteristics of soccer players according to playing level and position. A total of 305 professional male soccer players [Turkish Super League (SL) (n = 161) and Turkish First League (FL) (n = 144)] were involved in this study. All data were gathered at the beginning of preparatory period of mid-season. Height, weight, flexed and tensed upper arm and calf girths, humerus and femur biepicondylar breadths, and four skinfold thicknesses (triceps, subscapular, supraspinale, and medial calf) were measured. Somatotypes were estimated using the Heath-Carter method. SL players were older (p≥0.002), and heavier (p≥0.007) than FL players, while height (p ≤ 0.497) was similar between SL and FL groups. There were significant differences for BW (p≥=0.000), and height (p≥0.000) between playing positions. Goalkeepers were taller (p≥0.000), and heavier (p≥0.001) than other players. Midfielders were shorter (p≥0.013) than other players, however, they were lighter than forwards (p≥0.008). The mean somatotype of the overall players was 2.4-4.8-2.3 (0.9-0.8-0.7) in SL and was 3.0-4.5-2.6 (0.9-0.9-0.8) in FL. SL players were more mesomorphic (p≥0.01), less endomorphic (p≥0.000), and less ectomorphic (p≥0.001) than FL players. Except for goalkeepers, there were significant differences in paired means between whole somatotype means of the SL and FL according to playing positions. The results of the present study demonstrate that both physical characteristics and somatotype of players were significantly different between playing levels and positions. Although the somatotype of soccer players in both levels was dominated by the mesomorph category, players at the higher playing level were more mesomorphic, and less endomorphic and ectomorphic than players at the lower level at all playing positions.
Perfectionism and Achievement Goals in Adult Male Elite Athletes who Compete at the National Level and above
Authors: Zarghmi Mehdi , Ghamary Amin , ShaykhShabani Sayed , Varzaneh Ahmad 
Published: January 2011

Perfectionism and Achievement Goals in Adult Male Elite Athletes who Compete at the National Level and above
Different views on perfectionism, and different approaches about achievement goals, have led to studies on relationships between perfectionism and achievement goals. Stoeber et al. (2009) found relationship patterns from perfectionism and achievement goals in young Finnish ice-hockey players' under-16, in which it was found that perfectionistic strivings were associated with mastery-approach and performance-approach goals, and perfectionistic concerns with mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals. Thus, as Stoeber et al. (2009) noted, findings can be generalized to older age-groups, as researchers have pointed out that achievement goal orientations in athletes may change when athletes become older (Elliot & Conroy, 2005; Spray & Keegan, 2005). Thus, we examined the theoretical model by Stoeber et al. (2009), to investigate relationships between perfectionism and achievement goals in adult elite athletes. For this purpose, 134 adult elite athletes completed questionnaires of MIPS (Stoeber, Otto & Stoll, English version, 2006), sport - MPS - 2 (Gotwals & Dunn, 2009), and AGQ - S (Conroy et al., 2003). On the assumption of the final theoretical model as based on a few significant indices, perfectionistic strivings was associated with mastery-approach and performance-approach goals, while perfectionistic concerns was associated with mastery-avoidance and performance-avoidance goals. Contrary to expectations, there was no relationship between perfectionistic concerns and performance-approach goals. In fact, the present research results put in ambiguity the concept of perfectionism and the relationship between perfectionism and achievement goals, which were the main aims of our research. Moreover, a number of indices obtained structural equation modeling, which showed marginal to no significant effects. Thus, such equivocal results clearly imply that further research on context is needed. However, it appears that positive and negative aspects of perfectionism have complex relationships with each other
The tectonic evolution of Lake Eğirdir, West Turkey
Authors: Karaman M. 
Published: January 2011

The tectonic evolution of Lake Eğirdir, West Turkey
Lake Eğirdir is one of the most important fresh-water lakes of Turkey. It has a tectonics-related origin. The area formed under a roughly N-S compressional tectonic regime during the Middle Miocene. The stresses caused slip faults west and east of Isparta Angle, and the lake formed at the junction of these faults. The area subsided between normal faults, thus creating the topographic condition required for a lake. The lacustrine sediments have fundamentally different lithologies. After the Late Miocene, central Anatolia started to move westwards, but western Anatolia moved in a SW direction along the South-western Anatolian Fault, which we suggest to have a left lateral slip, which caused that the Hoyran Basin moved t7 km towards the SW and rotated 40° counterclockwise relative to Lake Eğirdir.
Feasibility of Bioethanol Production From Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: Aunina Zane , Bazbauers Gatis , Valters Karlis 
Published: January 2011

Feasibility of Bioethanol Production From Lignocellulosic Biomass
The objective of the paper is to discuss the potential of cellulosic ethanol production processes and compare them, to find the most appropriate production method for Latvia's situation, to perform theoretical calculations and to determine the potential ethanol price. In addition, price forecasts for future cellulosic and grain ethanol are compared. A feasibility estimate to determine the price of cellulosic ethanol in Latvia, if production were started in 2010, was made. The grain and cellulosic ethanol price comparison (future forecast) was made through to the year 2018.
Small Scale Solar Cooling Unit in Climate Conditions of Latvia: Environmental and Economical Aspects
Authors: Jaunzems Dzintars , Veidenbergs Ivars 
Published: January 2011

Small Scale Solar Cooling Unit in Climate Conditions of Latvia: Environmental and Economical Aspects
The paper contributes to the analyses from the environmental and economical point of view of small scale solar cooling system in climate conditions of Latvia. Cost analyses show that buildings with a higher cooling load and full load hours have lower costs. For high internal gains, cooling costs are around 1,7 €/kWh and 2,5 €/kWh for buildings with lower internal gains. Despite the fact that solar cooling systems have significant potential to reduce CO2 emissions due to a reduction of electricity consumption, the economic feasibility and attractiveness of solar cooling system is still low.
Use of Benchmark Methodology in Environmental Impact Assessment
Authors: Pubule Jelena , Blumberga Dagnija 
Published: January 2011

Use of Benchmark Methodology in Environmental Impact Assessment
Every industrial activity and procedure influences the environment and climate change. This impact has to be assessed and therefore the procedure of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) including the application of a benchmark methodology has been developed. The developed benchmark methodology can be used in the initial assessment as a screening method. The article surveys the developed benchmark methodology for impact assessment of the projects providing extraction of dolomite in the deposits of mineral resources. The benchmark methodology developed makes it possible to assess the impacts caused by the provided activity by objective considerations, to conduct comparison of different projects and evaluate whether the provided activity corresponds to the principles of sustainable development.
Controlling Flow Rate and Fluid Level by Variable Frequency Drive Unit
Authors: Gürbüz Riza 
Published: January 2011

Controlling Flow Rate and Fluid Level by Variable Frequency Drive Unit
The Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is used to control the speed of the pumpmotor to attain the desired flow rate and fluid level in a fluid system. An AC drive provides efficient flow control by varying the pump-motor speed. The comparison of energy requirements and costs in a system where a throttling device is used for flow control on a centrifugal pump with the power used when an variable frequency drive (VFD) is used to control the same flow, evidently shows potential savings. In this system, AC Motor Frequency drive and static pressure transmitter, turbine type flowmeter and Analog/Digital cards, micro-control unit and computer connection are designed specially to control flow rate, fluid flow type (turbulence or laminar) and water level at the different conditions with different PID parameters.
Model of a Combined Pump and Drive System for Advanced Control and Diagnosis
Authors: Kleinmann Stefan , Dąbrowska Anna , Koller-Hodac Agathe , Leonardo Domenico , Stetter Ralf 
Published: January 2011

Model of a Combined Pump and Drive System for Advanced Control and Diagnosis
An elaborate study executed in the direction of exploring energy saving potential shows that more than 20% of electrical energy used in industry is used for pump systems. Experts calculate that more than 30% of this energy can be saved by improving control and diagnosis for pump systems. Unfortunately, the application ratio of such system is small and consequently a large demand for such technological advanced systems can still be observed in the pump industry. Because of this reason and still growing demand of saving energy in industry, two Universities in Germany and Switzerland together with leading German pump manufacturer decided to join their knowledge and skill to work on the project called "Smart Pump". This paper presents one of the first results of this project, which goal is the development of future control methods and diagnosis systems for intelligent pumps.
Coccidioidomycosis: knowledge, attitudes, and practices among healthcare providers — Arizona, 2007
Authors: Chen Sanny , Erhart Laura M. , Anderson Shoana , Komatsu Ken , Park Benjamin , Chiller Tom , Sunenshine Rebecca 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis presumably causes ≤ 33% of community-acquired pneumonias cases, although &lt; 15% of the patients are tested for coccidioidomycosis. We assessed healthcare providers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding coccidioidomycosis diagnosis and treatment in Arizona. A survey was mailed to 7,608 eligible healthcare providers licensed by the Arizona medical, osteopathic, and nursing boards in October and December 2007. We used weights to adjust for non-response and multivariate logistic regression models to identify predictors of ≥ 70% correct regarding knowledge and treatment practices. Of 1,823 (24%) respondents, 53% were physicians, 52% were male, and the mean age was 51 years. Approximately 50% reported confidence in their ability to treat coccidioidomycosis, and 21% correctly answered all four treatment questions. Predictors of ≥ 70% correct concerning knowledge and treatment practices included always counseling patients after diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.8–7.1); specializing in infectious diseases (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.0–5.7); and having received coccidioidomycosis continuing medical education (CME) in the last year (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.6). These findings demonstrate that coccidioidomycosis CME improves knowledge of disease diagnosis and management, underscoring the need for a comprehensive coccidioidomycosis education campaign for healthcare providers in Arizona.
La rétroaction corrective à l’écrit : Pratiques et croyances, deux réalités parallèles ?
Authors: Guénette Danielle 
Published: January 2011

Résumé Cette étude a comme objectif d'explorer la nature des interactions entre les croyances, les pratiques et les perceptions des pratiques de rétroaction corrective à l’écrit de futurs enseignants d'anglais langue seconde (n = 15). Afin de mesurer la congruence entre ces trois pôles, les stratégies de rétroaction corrective utilisées par les participants dans leurs échanges avec des élèves du secondaire ont été recensées puis comparées aux données recueillies par le biais de questionnaires sur les croyances, de journaux de bord, et d'entretiens semi-dirigés. Conformément aux résultats des recherches en cognition des enseignants, cette étude a révélé une inadéquation entre les croyances et les pratiques de rétroaction corrective des futurs enseignants, ainsi que des contradictions entre leurs pratiques et leurs perceptions de ces pratiques. Ce paradoxe est attribué à un choc entre les croyances affectives et empiriques provenant de réalités distinctes et parallèles que les enseignants doivent apprendre à contrebalancer.
Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the Fe–Mg–Mn and Fe–Mg–Ni systems
Authors: Wang Peisheng , Zhao Jingrui , Du Yong , Xu Honghui , Gang Tie , Fen Jicai , Zhang Lijun , He Cuiyun , Liu Shuhong , Ouyang Hongwu 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Based on the thermodynamic calculations extrapolated from the corresponding binary sub-systems, four decisive alloys in the Fe–Mg–Mn system and three in the Fe–Mg–Ni system were selected and prepared using a powder metallurgy method to measure the isothermal sections at 500 8C in both systems. The prepared samples were annealed at 5008C, and then subjected to X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry as well as electron probe microanalysis. Taking into account the presently obtained experimental data and the experimental data available in the literature, thermodynamic modeling was performed for the above systems. It was found that a direct extrapolation from the corresponding three binary systems can well reproduce all the experimental data in the Fe–Mg–Mn system, while two thermodynamic parameters are needed in the Fe–Mg–Ni system to fit all the experimental data. The liquidus projections and reaction schemes for the Fe–Mg–Mn and Fe–Mg–Ni systems are also presented.
A new approach to monitoring thermal fatigue cracks in die casting moulds
Authors: Muhič Mitja , Kosel Franc , Pukšič Andrej , Klobčar Damjan 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Die casting moulds are exposed to high cyclic temperatures, mechanical loads and severe chemical conditions. Thermal and mechanical loads cause high local stresses and consequently surface cracks. This paper introduces a new approach to establishing thermal fatigue cracks in die casting moulds by measuring the resulting defect-fins on aluminium alloy castings in the actual die casting process. The investigation showed that cracks occurred sooner and were bigger if the mould material had a lower hardness. The maximum depth of the defect-fin observed on the casting due to thermal fatigue crack on the mould with the lowest hardness (42 HRc) at 10000 cycles was 0.37 mm, the maximum width of the defect-fin was 0.76 mm and maximum length was 9.6 mm. The observed cracks were bigger closer to the entrance of melt flow, especially at the places with stress concentrators, due to higher melt temperature and higher melt flow.
Luminescence properties of Tb3+-activated silicate glass scintillator
Authors: Sun Xin-yuan , Zhang Min , Yu Xiao-guang 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Some Tb3+-, Dy3+-, Gd3+-doped, and Tb3+/Dy3+- and Tb3+/ Gd3+-codoped silicate glasses were synthesized by meltquenching. Their luminescence properties were investigated by photoluminescence, X-ray excited luminescence spectra and their corresponding decay curves. It is shown that the enhanced photoluminescence intensity of Tb3+ emission can be achieved by efficient energy transfer from Dy3+ (or Gd3+) to Tb3+ under UV light excitation. However, the X-ray excited luminescence intensity of terbium ions in Tb3+/Gd3+-codoped glass contrasts remarkably to that of the Tb3+/Dy3+-codoped one, where the X-ray excited luminescence intensity of terbium ions is obviously lower than that of the Tb3+-doped one.
Hot rolling of binary Ti–Nb alloys Part 1: evolution of microstructure and texture
Authors: Banumathy S. , Mandal R. K. , Singh A. K. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This work describes the development of texture during hot rolling of three binary alloys, namely Ti-8Nb, Ti-12Nb and Ti-16Nb. The alloys have been unidirectionally hot rolled at 800°C and air cooled. The alloy Ti-8Nb consists of the α (cph) and small volume fraction of β (bcc) phases while the alloys Ti-12Nb and Ti-16Nb show the presence of α
n
(orthorhombic) and small volume fractions of β phases in as-cast and hot rolled conditions. The Ti-8Nb alloy exhibits nearly c-type texture in terms of basal pole figure in 40% hot rolled condition with a strong and inhomogeneous [0001]⊩ND fibre. Subsequent rolling reductions change texture and weaken the fibre present in 40% hot rolled specimen. The Ti-12Nb alloy exhibits c-type texture in 60% hot rolled specimen with a strong [001]⊩ND fibre. The overall texture of 80% hot rolled specimen is weak and different in terms of basal pole figure. The development of texture during hot rolling of the alloy Ti-16Nb is different from that of Ti-12Nb alloy even though the texture of 80% hot rolled specimens of both the alloys are nearly the same. The high overall intensity of texture in alloy Ti- 16Nb in the 80% hot rolled specimen can be attributed to the presence of a large volume fraction of β phase in comparison to that of the alloy Ti-12Nb.
Can 18F-FDG PET/CT predict recurrence in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma?
Authors: Kang S , Hong C.M , Song B.-I , Lee H.J , Jeong S.Y , Lee S.-W , Lee J , Lee S.J , Ahn B.-C 
Published: January 2011

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) lesions by 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/ computerized tomography (PET/ CT) in terms of recurrence. Patients, methods: 37 CMM patients (17 men, mean age: 61.7 ± 13.6 years) that underwent PET/CT at presentation were enrolled in this study. Recurrence was determined by histological confirmation or by radiological and clinical follow- up for at least 8 months after curative surgery. Clinical variables such as age, sex, clinical stage, and primary lesion location, thickness, and ulceration, and SUVmax values were analyzed with respect to their usefulness for predicting recurrence. Results: SUVmax was found to be significantly higher in patients with ulceration of primary lesion of CMM (p = 0.004) and in patients with a stage ≥ III (p < 0.000). Patients that experience recurrence had a significantly higher mean SUVmax value (4.9 ± 2.9) than patients who did not (2.1 ± 1.5, p = 0.024). ROC analysis showed that a SUVmax cut-off value 2.2 had high sensitivity (88.9%) and specificity (67.9%) for predicting recurrence. Kaplan-Meier analysis identified ulceration of primary lesion (p = 0.034), stage ≥ III (p = 0.019) and SUVmax ≥ 2.2 (p = 0.002) as predictors of recurrence. However, Cox proportional-hazards analysis showed that only SUVmax (p = 0.025, relative risk 11.063) significantly predicted recurrence. Conclusion: Preoperative SUVmax of primary lesion was found to be the most potent predictor of recurrence in CMM patient. Patients with high SUV max of primary lesion should be followed meticulously for recurrence.
Les fondements moraux des relations économiques.
Authors: Graeber David 
Published: January 2011

Le don renvoie à un composite de transactions et d’actions dont les substrats moraux sont loin d’être uniformes. Reprenant l’idée maussienne suivant laquelle les principes sociaux majeurs (l’individualisme et le communisme, la démocratie et la monarchie, etc.) coexistent dans tout système social donné, cet article suggère l’opérationnalité de trois principes de base : le communisme (au sens d’une relation éternelle fondée sur les moyens et les fins), l’échange (au sens d’une relation temporaire entre des parties égales), et la hiérarchie (fondée sur la précédence et non sur la réciprocité). Ces principes sociaux se recoupent, se transforment et se fondent les uns dans les autres.
De la marchandise au cadeau
Authors: Chevalier Sophie 
Published: January 2011

En partant de « ce que nous n’avons pas qu’une morale de marchands », cet article traite des relations entre marché, don et héritage (« le cadeau des morts ») comme autant de manières de donner et transmettre des objets. On s’attardera plus spécialement sur la façon dont les marchandises sont personnalisées pour les transformer en cadeaux dans les sociétés occidentales contemporaines (avec des exemples tirés de recherches en France et en Grande-Bretagne), et sur le destin de ces objets-cadeaux.
Une autre approche de la nation : Marcel Mauss
Authors: Karsenti Bruno 
Published: January 2011

La conception maussienne de la nation doit en grande partie son originalité à la double opposition à partir de laquelle elle se déploie : opposition à l’Etat d’un côté, au nationalisme de l’autre. Cette idée qui, en l’occurrence, n’est pas posée a priori , mais dégagée progressivement sur la base d’une vaste enquête empirique sur le développement des sociétés humaines, considérées sans restriction. En cela, la démarche se veut ethnologique et sociologique, et nullement de théorie politique. Elle a pourtant une portée générale, au moins à deux titres. D’une part, on s’aperçoit rapidement qu’elle est en fait destinée à illustrer et à donner une certaine épaisseur à la conception que Mauss se faisait de la société comme telle, ou plutôt du développement nécessaire des sociétés. En second lieu, elle vise à justifier une prise de position de ce même sociologue à l’intérieur des sociétés où sa propre analyse se situe, à savoir à l’intérieur des sociétés modernes. En termes clairs, cette définition de la nation est la pierre angulaire de l’engagement socialiste du sociologue qu’a voulu être Marcel Mauss.
Existe-t-il une pulsion de donner ?
Authors: Pommier Gérard 
Published: January 2011

La gratuité du don inspire une méfiance sous l’influence idéologique de la société marchande. Or, il existe au contraire une pulsion originaire de « se donner », de sorte que le don est, dès le début de la vie, l’occasion d’un refoulement. Cette pulsion de se donner est à la source de la tentation suicidaire, ou de l’agressivité à l’égard du semblable, et une coutume connue, le potlatch, montre bien le destin civilisé de cette corrélation entre le don, la destruction, l’agressivité et la fondation du lien social. On montrera que dans le paradigme de Marcel Mauss : « donner - recevoir - obligation de rendre », l’obligation porte davantage sur « donner » que sur « rendre ».
La structure quaternaire du don
Authors: Basualdo Carina 
Published: January 2011

Cet article revient sur le problème du « tiers » dans la littérature sur le don , en partant de l’objet donné qui ouvre le cycle du don. Une fois démontré comment la structure quaternaire de l’Œdipe, selon la conception de Jacques Lacan, s’appuie sur « l’atome de parenté » lévi-straussien, nous présentons le côté plus maussien de Lacan qui se détache de la notion d’« échange de femmes » de Lévi-Strauss en même temps qu’il introduit la notion du « phallus ». Nous verrons ainsi que ce qui fait que la figure du tiers est immanente à la dimension symbolique (et donc à la dimension du don) peut être élucidé à la lumière de la théorie lacanienne de l’objet-manque , qui se dégage de la lecture que Lacan a faite de l’ Essai sur le don de Marcel Mauss. Il s’agit de proposer ici une dimension inconsciente du don qui restera ainsi ouverte.