bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathologic findings of HPV and p16 positive HNSCC
Authors: Mendelsohn Abie H. , Lai Chi K. , Shintaku I Peter , Elashoff David A. , Dubinett Steven M. , Abemayor Elliot , St. John Maie A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:Human papilloma virus (HPV) and p16INKa (p16) positivity in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) is currently thought to be an encouraging prognostic indicator. However, the histopathologic changes responsible for this behavior are poorly understood. It is our objective to elucidate these histopathologic characteristics to help define the clinical utility of these markers.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:71 HNSCC tumors between July 1, 2008 and August 30, 2009 were examined for HPV, p16, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Specified pathologic features were examined: perivascular invasion (PVI), perineural invasion (PNI), grade of squamous differentiation, basaloid classification.Results:HPV and p16 had no direct impact on perineural or perivascular invasion. However, HPV and p16 were strongly predictive of poorly differentiated tumors, as well as basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) (P < .001). Additionally, upon multivariate analysis, HPV(+) and p16(+) tumors had an increased risk of nodal metastasis (HPV: odds ratio [OR] = 23.9 (2.2, 265.1) p = .01; p16: OR = 6.5 (1.4, 31.2) p = .02; PVI: OR = 6.0 (1.6, 22.8) p < .01). The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated improved predictive value for lymph node metastasis above standard H&E histopathologic features (76.7%) for both HPV (83.2%) and p16 (81.3%) individually.Conclusions:HPV(+) and p16(+) are highly predictive for poorly differentiated tumors and basaloid SCCA. Additionally, HPV and p16 positivity demonstrate superior predictive value for lymph node metastasis above standard H&E histopathologic features. Although exact recommendations should be tempered by considerations of primary tumor subsite, T‐stage, and depth of invasion, head and neck multidisciplinary teams should strongly consider aggressive lymph node treatment for any HPV(+) or p16(+) tumor. Laryngoscope, 2010
A new thread guide instrument for endoscopic arytenoid lateropexy
Authors: Rovó László , Madani Shahram , Sztanó Balázs , Majoros Valéria , Smehák György , Szakács László , Jóri József 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The varied etiology of bilateral vocal cord immobility (BVCI) requires a wide range of surgical approaches. A new endolaryngeal thread guide instrument (ETGI) is presented here for a minimally invasive endoscopic lateropexy of the arytenoid cartilage, which might serve as a basis for a simple solution for the main types of BVCI.Study Design:Prospective study of BVCI patients who underwent surgery, including 22 bilateral vocal cord paralyses (BVCP), 12 mechanical fixations (MF), 10 posterior glottic stenoses, and two rheumatoid ankyloses.Methods:The ETGI is based on a built‐in movable curved blade with a hole at its tip to guide a thread in and out again between the skin and the laryngeal cavity. The loops formed around the arytenoid cartilage cause abduction. In cases of fixations, the cricoarytenoid joints were properly mobilized as a first step with a combination of cold technique and CO2 laser.Results:As spirometric tests proved, 32 patients achieved improved breathing ability. One temporary tracheostomy was necessary and one patient with ongoing radiotherapy could not be decannulated. Subjectively, twelve patients' voices improved or approximated normal quality due to complete vocal cord recoveries on at least one side after lateropexy was ceased. Incomplete recovery with more or less impaired voice was observed in 16 cases. Three MF patients and two BVCP patients with poor overall health condition had severe dysphonia.Conclusions:Combined with simple and readily available methods, endoscopic arytenoid lateropexy is an effective solution for BVCIs with various etiologies. The ETGI facilitates this procedure with rapid and safe creation of fixating loops at the proper position. Laryngoscope, 2010
Learning curve for competency in flexible laryngoscopy
Authors: Laeeq Kulsoom , Pandian Vinciya , Skinner Margret , Masood Hamid , Stewart Charles M. , Weatherly Robert , Cummings Charles W. , Bhatti Nasir I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The purpose of our study was to identify the number of attempts required to attain competency in performing flexible laryngoscopy.Study Design:Cross‐sectional prospective study.Methods:Fifteen medical students were recruited to perform flexible laryngoscopy on a mannequin. Each participant was given unlimited time and attempts to perform the procedure until considered competent by the evaluator for two consecutive attempts. Three evaluators used a flexible laryngoscopy checklist to score performance on each step of the procedure. Time required to perform the procedure was recorded, as well as number of times the scope hit the mucosa. The criteria for attaining competence were achieving a minimum score of 3 out of 5 on all the items of the checklist and being deemed competent by the evaluator.Results:A total of 105 flexible laryngoscopies were performed by 15 medical students. A mean of six attempts (range, 2–17) were necessary for a medical student to become competent in performing flexible laryngoscopy. An 80% probability of becoming competent was achieved with the 14th attempt. An inverse relationship was noted between the number of times the scope hit the mucosa and the probability of being competent. The time taken to perform the procedure decreased with increasing number of attempts.Conclusions:Our results suggest that it takes six attempts on average for a novice to become competent in performing flexible laryngoscopy. This finding has implications for residency programs because it indicates the learning curve can be overcome in the laboratory rather than with patients. Laryngoscope, 2010
Rhinitis medicamentosa as a cause of increased intraoperative bleeding
Authors: Robison Jacob G. , Pant Harshita , Ferguson Berrylin J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRhinitis medicamentosa occurs with repeated and prolonged use of topical decongestants. The resultant reduced ability to respond to decongestants mediated via enlarged capillary endothelial gaps can lead to profuse bleeding during turbinate surgery. We recommend that patients with rhinitis medicamentosa be weaned off topical decongestants prior to elective turbinate surgery to minimize this complication. The management of rhinitis medicamentosa and a case of intraoperative hemorrhage are presented. Laryngoscope, 2010
Pediatric sleep apnea and craniofacial anomalies: A population‐based case–control study
Authors: Lam Derek J. , Jensen Christine C. , Mueller Beth A. , Starr Jacqueline R. , Cunningham Michael L. , Weaver Edward M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:To investigate the association between craniofacial anomalies and diagnosis with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a large, population‐based sample of children.Design:Retrospective case–control study.Methods:Cases of OSA (n = 1,203) were identified by International Classification of Diseases‐9 codes consistent with OSA in the 1987–2003 Washington State inpatient discharge database among children ≤18 years of age and born in Washington state. For each case, five controls without OSA (n = 6,015) were randomly selected from the remaining Washington State births, frequency matched by birth year. Congenital anomaly diagnoses and covariates were extracted from discharge data for all inpatient hospitalizations during the study period and linked birth certificate data. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between congenital anomalies (including subgroups) and OSA.Results:An OSA diagnosis was strongly associated with the presence of any craniofacial anomaly (adjusted OR 38, 95%CI [24, 60]) and, in particular, with orofacial cleft (adjusted OR 40, 95%CI [17, 94]) and Down syndrome (adjusted OR 51, 95%CI [20, 128]). OSA was less associated with any noncraniofacial malformation (adjusted OR 4.1, 95%CI [3.1, 5.3]), which may reflect the relatively small effect of inpatient exposure bias in the associations above.Conclusions:The presence of congenital craniofacial anomalies is strongly associated with inpatient diagnosis of OSA. These findings persist even after control of major potential biases. Parents and clinicians should consider screening for OSA among children with craniofacial anomalies. Laryngoscope, 2010
Presence of olfactory event‐related potentials predicts recovery in patients with olfactory loss following upper respiratory tract infection
Authors: Rombaux Philippe , Huart Caroline , Collet Stéphanie , Eloy Philippe , Negoias Simona , Hummel Thomas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the course of olfactory dysfunction in patients with olfactory loss following infections of the upper respiratory tract.Study Design:Prospective cohort.Methods:A total of 27 patients were included; each patient was evaluated twice. Psychophysical testing of olfactory function was performed with the Sniffin' Sticks test and chemosensory functions with event‐related potential (ERP).Results:At T1, 15 patients were considered hyposmic, 12 as anosmic. Accordingly, nine and 27 patients demonstrated olfactory ERP. At T2, 16 and 11 patients were considered as hyposmic and anosmic, and 11 demonstrated olfactory ERP. Analysis of variance did not show significant differences for any parameters between T1 and T2: threshold, discrimination, identification (TDI) scores at the Sniffin' Sticks and amplitudes and latencies of N1 and P2 in the ERP. However, seven patients demonstrated an increase of more or equal to six points at the TDI score, indicating significant improvement. Four of the seven patients had olfactory ERP at T1 (57%); of those patients who did not show improvement, five of 20 (25%) exhibited olfactory ERP. Thus, the presence of olfactory ERP predicts a positive evolution of olfactory function with a relatively high specificity of 83%.Conclusions:The current findings clearly confirm earlier results on recovery rate of postinfectious olfactory loss. The new finding is that the presence of olfactory ERP at the first consultation is also a positive predictive factor of a favorable outcome in this disease. Laryngoscope, 2010
Experimental validation of the effects of microvasculature pigment packaging on in vivo diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Rajaram Narasimhan , Gopal Ashwini , Zhang Xiaojing , Tunnell James W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundDiffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) uses the steady‐state diffuse reflectance measured from the tissue surface to determine absorption and scattering properties of sampled tissue. Many inverse models used to determine absorber properties have assumed a homogeneous distribution of blood. However, blood in tissue is confined to blood vessels that occupy a small fraction of the overall volume. This simplified assumption can lead to large errors when measuring optical properties. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of confining absorbers to small volumes, such as the microvasculature, on in vivo DRS.Study DesignWe fabricated multi‐layer microfluidic devices to mimic blood vessels with a size similar to skin microvasculature. We studied the effect of varying channel size (diameter = 22 and 44 µm) and absorber concentration (10–80% food color dye in water) on diffuse reflectance measurements. We also examined the in vivo reflectance from normal skin and non‐melanoma skin cancer on 14 patients.ResultsOur results demonstrate that both absorption coefficient and vessel diameter affect the diffuse reflectance spectra. An empirically calculated packaging correction factor based on our experiments shows good agreement with previous theoretical derivations of the same factor. In vivo measurements on normal skin and basal cell carcinoma show that incorporating a correction factor greatly improves the fit of the inverse model to the spectra. In addition, there were statistically significant differences in measured mean vessel diameter and blood volume fraction between normal skin and basal cell carcinoma.ConclusionWe have demonstrated experimentally the effect of pigment packaging in blood vessels over a physiologically relevant range of blood vessel size and absorption. The correction factors implemented to account for the packaging effect could potentially be used as diagnostic parameters for diagnosing skin cancers. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:680–688, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of Er:YAG laser, piezoelectric, and drill osteotomy for dental implant site preparation: A biomechanical and histological analysis in sheep
Authors: Stübinger Stefan , Biermeier Kristina , Bächi Beatus , Ferguson Stephen J. , Sader Robert , von Rechenberg Brigitte 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the influence of implant bed preparation, using either Er:YAG laser ablation, piezoelectric surgery or drill osteotomy, on osseointegration of titanium dental implants after 4, 6, and 8 weeks.Material and MethodsA total of 108 implants (Camlog) were placed in the pelvis of 6 sheep (18 implants/sheep). Implant sites were prepared by an Er:YAG laser, a dental drill or a piezoelectric device. For each time period, six implants were used for biomechanical removal torque testing and six implants for a semi‐quantitative histological assessment of the bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC).ResultsAn initially missing implant adjusted site preparation led to slightly higher BIC and torque values in the piezoelectric and laser groups due to a press‐fit effect after 4 weeks. Statistical analysis of the average mean BIC after 4, 6, and 8 weeks revealed no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the different osteotomy techniques. Comparison of individual removal torque values showed the highest value for laser osteotomy after 8 weeks (1,698.50 ± 67.52 Nmm), which was significantly higher than the corresponding value for drill osteotomy (P = 0.006).ConclusionAlthough BIC and removal torque values decreased in the laser and piezoelectric groups at 6 weeks during an active remodeling process, favorable and superior BIC as well as torque values could be demonstrated at 8 weeks. Thus laser and piezoelectric osteotomy seem to be at least comparable to drill osteotomy, concerning early osseointegration and implant stability. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:652–661, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conjugation of Methacrylamide Groups to a Model Protein via a Reducible Linker for Immobilization and Subsequent Triggered Release from Hydrogels
Authors: Verheyen Ellen , Delain‐Bioton Lise , van der Wal Steffen , el Morabit Najim , Barendregt Arjan , Hennink Wim E. , van Nostrum Cornelus F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn efficient strategy is reported to introduce methacrylamide groups on the lysine residues of a model protein (lysozyme) for immobilization and triggered release from a hydrogel network. A novel spacer unit was designed, containing a disulfide bond, such that the release of the protein can be triggered by reduction. The modified proteins were characterized by MALDI‐TOF MS, titration of free NH2 residues and spectral analysis. The modification reaction is well controlled, and the number of introduced functions can be tailored by changing the reaction conditions. Gel electrophoresis experiments showed that the methacrylamide modified protein can be immobilized in a polyacrylamide hydrogel and subsequently released by reduction of the spacer by which the protein was grafted to the polymeric network.
magnified image
Highly Elastic and Deformable Hydrogel Formed from Tetra‐arm Polymers
Authors: Sakai Takamasa , Akagi Yuki , Matsunaga Takuro , Kurakazu Manami , Chung Ung‐il , Shibayama Mitsuhiro 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAfter decades of efforts by many researchers, we have succeeded in realizing a near‐ideal polymer network. This network, the Tetra network, is made by cross‐end‐coupling of tetra‐arm polymer modules. The mechanical energy dissipation was extremely low (tan δ ≈ 10−4). The macroscopic stress–strain relationship of the Tetra network was in good agreement with that of microscopic elastic blobs. The maximum breaking strength was extremely high (≥27 MPa). These results indicate that the Tetra network is closer to an ideal polymer network than any other conventional model networks. Because the Tetra network can be treated as uniformly packed elastic blobs, it should help apply the knowledge of single polymer chains seamlessly to the design of polymer materials and help further develop the theory of rubber elasticity.
magnified image
Thermal Degradation of Cellulose Nanocrystals Deposited on Different Surfaces
Authors: Suchy Miro , Vuorinen Tapani , Kontturi Eero 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThermal degradation of cellulose nanocrystals deposited on flat solid surfaces was monitored by AFM coupled with analysis of obtained images using image processor. The nanocrystals deposited on TiO2 substrate showed different degradation patterns compared to those deposited on the nanosized layer of amorphous cellulose. The degradation was complete within 20 minutes at 300 °C. The nanocrystal deposited on amorphous cellulose resisted the heat treatment up to 120 minutes. Visual comparison and analysis of the AFM images clearly demonstrated the impact of temperature on the degradation rate of the nanocrystals deposited on TiO2 substrate.
Utilizing Polymer Blends to Prepare Ultrathin Films with Diverse Cellulose Textures
Authors: Kontturi Eero , Nyfors Laura , Laine Janne 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an overview of the recent work on ultrathin polymer blend films containing cellulose. Three systems prepared via trimethylsilyl cellulose derivative, which is subsequently hydrolyzed to cellulose, are presented: polystyrene/cellulose, poly(methyl methacrylate)/cellulose and polystyrene‐block‐polyethyleneoxide/cellulose. Diverse textures emerge within the films depending on the interactions between the polymers and their interactions with the substrate as well as on different solubilities of the polymers. Furthermore, an ultrathin film containing a cellulose/xylan blend is presented. This film was deposited directly from a common solvent (dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride) and it did not exhibit distinct morphological patterns comparable to the blends with synthetic polymers.
Comparison of Benzyl Celluloses Synthesized in Aqueous NaOH and Dimethyl Sulfoxide/Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride
Authors: Rohleder Esther , Heinze Thomas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCellulose was benzylated starting from the dissolved polymer in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate (TBAF) and heterogeneously in aqueous NaOH as reaction media. Differences in the distribution of benzyl moieties within the anhydroglucose unit in dependence on the synthesis pathway couldn't be found. However, as revealed by means of 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, significant differences in the distribution of substituents along the cellulose chains occurred. Conventionally synthesized samples (in aqueous NaOH), even in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, possess a block‐wise distribution of substituents, while a dissolution of cellulose in DMSO/TBAF prior to the reaction gives products that are uniformly substituted along the cellulose chains.
Pure Cellulose Nanoparticles from Trimethylsilyl Cellulose
Authors: Kostag Marc , Köhler Sarah , Liebert Tim , Heinze Thomas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSilyl ethers of cellulose are promising derivatives of the biopolymer because they exhibit thermoplastic behavior at higher functionalization, may be applied as intermediate in subsequent reactions and have a high tendency to form defined supramolecular structures. Trimethylsilylation can be carried out by applying ionic liquids (ILs) such as 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc) as reaction medium. Pure trimethylsilyl cellulose (TMSC) can be efficiently synthesized with 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) yielding products with degrees of substitution (DS) up to 2.89. During the synthesis of highly functionalized derivatives, precipitation of the TMSC occurred, which simplifies the recycling of the IL. The tendency of TMSC toward the formation of supermolecular structures was exploited for the formation of pure cellulose nanospheres by a simple dialysis process. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the complete removal of the TMS functions during this process. Scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, and particle size distribution analysis showed that cellulose particles with a size of 100 to 200 nm are accessible in this simple manner.
Novel Xylan Gels Prepared from Oat Spelts
Authors: Hettrich Kay , Fanter Carola 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGels and pastes are used in many areas including application in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and medical industries. A xylan derivative with pasty consistency was prepared in addition to the synthesis of xylan ethers and esters. The water content of the gel can be widely varied. The gel is formed although the xylan contains no cross‐linking group. The hydrophobic and hydrophilic nature of the xylan gel can be adjusted by modifying the xylan. All of the gels can be dried using different methods (air drying, solvent exchange as well as freeze drying) and the dried gels can again disperse in water. The gels were characterised by porosity measurements (mercury intrusion), dynamic vapour sorption (DVS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dispersion stability investigation respectively.
Technological Opportunities for the Implementation of Anti‐Microbial Activities into Dry‐Wet Shaped Cellulose Fibres
Authors: Meister Frank , Kolbe Axel , Krieg Markus , Mooz Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMetal cations are valuable antimicrobial additives for controlling of bacteria growth on textile fibres. By means of multiple actions they are able to suppress the undesirable microbe action also during wound healing. Dry‐wet shaping technology offers numerous opportunities for implementation of antimicrobial activities into textile structures (fibres, yarn, fabrics). The degree of load, insertion step as well as type of additive (Ag, Cu, Zn) presents a broad field of physical modification of dry‐wet spun cellulose fibres. The investigation of antimicrobial activities of manufactured fibres and yarns exhibit bactericide or bacteriostatic effects against typical pathogenic germs. Ag contents higher than 30 ppm in fibres and 0.06 per cent in yarns as well as Cu contents higher than 100 ppm in fibres and about 0.5 per cent in yarns are fairly effective for a permanent antimicrobial effect. Fabrics based on the developed fibres and yarns could already been successfully commercialised by innovative small and medium sized enterprises (SME).