bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Affective–Cognitive Processing Model of Post‐Traumatic Growth
Authors: Joseph Stephen , Murphy David , Regel Stephen 
Published: May 2012

A topic that has begun to attract interest from clinical psychologists and psychotherapists is post‐traumatic growth. First, we provide a general overview of the field, setting out the historical development, main concepts, measurement issues and research findings. Second, we review evidence showing that the relationship between post‐traumatic stress and post‐traumatic growth is likely curvilinear. Third, a new affective–cognitive processing model of post‐traumatic growth will be introduced in which post‐traumatic stress is understood to be the engine of post‐traumatic growth. Fourth, points of clinical intervention are described showing the ways in which therapists can facilitate post‐traumatic growth. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

No one approach to the treatment of trauma is able to help all people all of the time.
Post‐traumatic growth emerges out of satisfactory affective–cognitive processing.
A common‐factor approach that recognizes that there are many points of therapeutic intervention is described.
Microbial Nanowires: A New Paradigm for Biological Electron Transfer and Bioelectronics
Authors: Malvankar Nikhil S. , Lovley Derek R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe discovery that Geobacter sulfurreducens can produce protein filaments with metallic‐like conductivity, known as microbial nanowires, that facilitate long‐range electron transport is a paradigm shift in biological electron transfer and has important implications for biogeochemistry, microbial ecology, and the emerging field of bioelectronics. Although filaments in a wide diversity of microorganisms have been called microbial nanowires, the type IV pili of G. sulfurreducens and G. metallireducens are the only filaments that have been shown to be required for extracellular electron transport to extracellular electron acceptors or for conduction of electrons through biofilms. Studies of G. sulfurreducens pili preparations and intact biofilms under physiologically relevant conditions have provided multiple lines of evidence for metallic‐like conduction along the length of pili and for the possibility of pili networks to confer high conductivity within biofilms. This mechanism of electron conduction contrasts with the previously known mechanism for biological electron transfer via electron tunneling or hopping between closely associated molecules, a strategy unlikely to be well adapted for long‐range electron transport outside the cell. In addition to promoting electron exchange with abiotic electron acceptors, microbial nanowires have recently been shown to be involved in direct interspecies electron transfer between syntrophic partners. An improved understanding of the mechanisms for metallic‐like conductivity in microbial nanowires, as well as engineering microorganisms with desirable catalytic abilities with nanowires, could lead to new applications in microbial electrosynthesis and bioelectronics.
On Electron Transport through Geobacter Biofilms
Authors: Bond Daniel R. , Strycharz‐Glaven Sarah M. , Tender Leonard M. , Torres César I. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGeobacter spp. can form a biofilm that is more than 20 μm thick on an anode surface by utilizing the anode as a terminal respiratory electron acceptor. Just how microbes transport electrons through a thick biofilm and across the biofilm/anode interface, and what determines the upper limit to biofilm thickness and catalytic activity (i.e., current, the rate at which electrons are transferred to the anode), are fundamental questions attracting substantial attention. A significant body of experimental evidence suggests that electrons are transferred from individual cells through a network of cytochromes associated with cell outer membranes, within extracellular polymeric substances, and along pili. Here, we describe what is known about this extracellular electron transfer process, referred to as electron superexchange, and its proposed role in biofilm anode respiration. Superexchange is able to account for many different types of experimental results, as well as for the upper limit to biofilm thickness and catalytic activity that Geobacter biofilm anodes can achieve.
Robust smart‐card‐based remote user password authentication scheme
Authors: Chen Bae‐Ling , Kuo Wen‐Chung , Wuu Lih‐Chyau 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYSmart‐card‐based remote user password authentication schemes are commonly used for providing authorized users a secure method for remotely accessing resources over insecure networks. In 2009, Xu et al. proposed a smart‐card‐based password authentication scheme. They claimed their scheme can withstand attacks when the information stored on the smart card is disclosed. Recently, Sood et al. and Song discovered that the smart‐card‐based password authentication scheme of Xu et al. is vulnerable to impersonation and internal attacks. They then proposed their respective improved schemes. However, we found that there are still flaws in their schemes: the scheme of Sood et al. does not achieve mutual authentication and the secret key in the login phase of Song's scheme is permanent and thus vulnerable to stolen‐smart‐card and off‐line guessing attacks. In this paper, we will propose an improved and efficient smart‐card‐based password authentication and key agreement scheme. According to our analysis, the proposed scheme not only maintains the original secret requirement but also achieves mutual authentication and withstands the stolen‐smart‐card attack. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Saccharin pre‐exposure enhances appetitive flavor learning in pre‐weanling rats
Authors: Swithers Susan E. , Ogden Sean B. , Laboy Alycia F. , Davidson T.L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn adult rats, data suggest that consumption of sweet tastes that do not deliver anticipated caloric consequences using high‐intensity, non‐caloric sweeteners, such as saccharin, interferes with learned relations that may contribute to energy balance. The goal of the present study was to assess the development of learning about sweet taste and calories by assessing whether pre‐exposure to saccharin solutions reduces cue competition in pre‐weanling rats. The results demonstrated that rats pre‐exposed to saccharin and then trained with a novel grape flavor paired with a glucose‐sweetened solution consumed more of the novel grape flavor presented alone than rats that had been pre‐exposed to saccharin and given the grape flavor paired with water alone. No differences in intake of the novel grape flavor were observed in groups given pre‐exposure to water or glucose solutions. Thus, by 15 days of age, rats appear to have established an association between sweet tastes and calories, and this association can be weakened by exposure to saccharin. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54: 818–824, 2012
Flexibility and applicability of β‐expectation tolerance interval approach to assess the fitness of purpose of pharmaceutical analytical methods
Authors: Bouabidi A. , Talbi M. , Bourichi H. , Bouklouze A. , El Karbane M. , Boulanger B. , Brik Y. , Hubert Ph. , Rozet E. 
Published: May 2012

An innovative versatile strategy using Total Error has been proposed to decide about the method's validity that controls the risk of accepting an unsuitable assay together with the ability to predict the reliability of future results. This strategy is based on the simultaneous combination of systematic (bias) and random (imprecision) error of analytical methods. Using validation standards, both types of error are combined through the use of a prediction interval or β‐expectation tolerance interval. Finally, an accuracy profile is built by connecting, on one hand all the upper tolerance limits, and on the other hand all the lower tolerance limits. This profile combined with pre‐specified acceptance limits allows the evaluation of the validity of any quantitative analytical method and thus their fitness for their intended purpose.In this work, the approach of accuracy profile was evaluated on several types of analytical methods encountered in the pharmaceutical industrial field and also covering different pharmaceutical matrices. The four studied examples depicted the flexibility and applicability of this approach for different matrices ranging from tablets to syrups, different techniques such as liquid chromatography, or UV spectrophotometry, and for different categories of assays commonly encountered in the pharmaceutical industry i.e. content assays, dissolution assays, and quantitative impurity assays. The accuracy profile approach assesses the fitness of purpose of these methods for their future routine application. It also allows the selection of the most suitable calibration curve, the adequate evaluation of a potential matrix effect and propose efficient solution and the correct definition of the limits of quantification of the studied analytical procedures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Electrochemiluminescence for the Facile Separation and Determination of Salbutamol and Clenbuterol in Urine
Authors: Bao Yi , Yang Fan , Yang Xiurong 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA capillary electrophoresis coupled with tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+) electrochemiluminescence detection system was developed to determine salbutamol and clenbuterol in urine. Some factors that affected the performances of separation and detection were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, one single quantitative analysis of salbutamol and clenbuterol was achieved at a separation voltage of 15 kV within 9 min, and the LODs (S/N=3) and LOQs (S/N=10) of salbutamol and clenbuterol were 8.43×10−8 mol/L, 2.61×10−7 mol/L and 2.73×10−7 mol/L, 8.21×10−7 mol/L, respectively. The recovery obtained from the analysis of spiked urine samples was between 88.6 % and 104.7 % with RSDs lower than 6.70 %. The method was successfully applied to determine salbutamol and clenbuterol in urine samples.
Structural Characterization of Graphene Nanosheets for Miniaturization of Potentiometric Urea Lipid Film Based Biosensors
Authors: Nikoleli Georgia‐Paraskevi , Israr Muhammad Q. , Tzamtzis Nikolaos , Nikolelis Dimitrios P. , Willander Magnus , Psaroudakis Nikolas 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe present article describes a miniaturized potentiometric urea lipid film based biosensor on graphene nanosheets. Structural characterization of graphene nanosheets for miniaturization of potentiometric urea lipid film based biosensors have been studied through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. UV‐Vis and Fourrier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy have been utilized to study the pre‐ and postconjugated surfaces of graphene nanosheets. The presented potentiometric urea biosensor exhibits good reproducibility, reusability, selectivity, rapid response times (∼4 s), long shelf life and high sensitivity of ca. 70 mV/decade over the urea logarithmic concentration range from 1×10−6 M to 1×10−3 M.
A correction for balancing discontinuous bed slopes in two‐dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics shallow water modeling
Authors: Vacondio R. , Rogers B. D. , Stansby P. K. , Mignosa P. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) numerical model for the shallow water equations (SWEs) with bed slope source term balancing is presented. The solution of the SWEs using SPH is attractive being a conservative, mesh‐free, automatically adaptive method without special treatment for wet‐dry interfaces. Recently, the capability of the SPH–SWEs numerical scheme with shock capturing and general boundary conditions has been used for predicting practical flooding problems. The balance between the bed slope source term and fluxes in shallow water models is desirable for reliable simulations of flooding over bathymetries where discontinuities are present and has received some attention in the framework of Finite Volume Eulerian models. The imbalance because of the source term resulting from the calculation of the the water depth is eradicated by means of a corrected mass, which is able to remove the error introduced by a bottom discontinuity. Two different discretizations of the momentum equation are presented herein: the first one is based on the variational formulation of the SWEs in order to obtain a fully conservative formulation, whereas the second one is obtained using a non‐conservative form of the free‐surface elevation gradient. In both formulations, a variable smoothing length is considered. Results are presented demonstrating the corrections preserve still water in the vicinity of either 1D or 2D bed discontinuities and provide close agreement with 1D analytical solutions for rapidly varying flows over step changes in the bed. The method is finally applied to 2D dam break flow over a square obstacle where the balanced formulation improves the agreement with experimental measurements of the free surface. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leukemia/lymphoma‐related factor regulates oligodendrocyte lineage cell differentiation in developing white matter
Authors: Dobson Nicole R. , Moore Ryan T. , Tobin Jennifer E. , Armstrong Regina C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLeukemia/lymphoma‐related factor (LRF) is a zinc‐finger transcription factor that regulates differentiation and oncogenesis in multiple tissues and cell lineages. The potential role for LRF in cells of the CNS has not been examined to date. This study shows prominent nuclear expression of LRF in diverse neuronal populations and in oligodendrocytes. We focused on examining the function of LRF during the transition from oligodendrocyte progenitor (OP) to mature oligodendrocyte that is associated with myelination in the postnatal spinal cord. During spinal cord myelination, LRF is expressed in only a minority of OP cells whereas most mature oligodendrocytes exhibited nuclear LRF immunoreactivity. Mice with floxed alleles of the Zbtb7a gene, which encodes for LRF protein, were used for in vivo analysis of LRF function. Lentiviral driven Cre recombinase inactivation of LRF at postnatal day 7 reduced the proportion of OP cells that differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes by postnatal day 28. Astrocyte populations were not altered by LRF deletion in the same tissues. These results indicate that LRF deletion reduces differentiation within the oligodendrocyte lineage and does not alter OP lineage choice. In vitro analysis confirmed a specific effect of LRF on OP differentiation. In neonatal OP cultures, RNA interference targeting LRF inhibited OP differentiation while LRF transduction was sufficient to induce differentiation into oligodendrocytes. These results support a critical role for LRF in transcriptional control of differentiation in oligodendrocyte lineage cells during developmental myelination in the CNS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estimate of the alpha parameter in an oat crop under rain‐fed conditions
Authors: Carmona Facundo , Rivas Raúl , Caselles Vicente 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this article, we estimated the alpha parameter of the Priestley–Taylor model under rain‐fed conditions. This study was conducted in an oat crop, from 7 September to 22 October 2009, in a region of subhumid plains (Tandil, Argentina). An energy balance station was installed within the experimental field to monitor its development. The alpha parameter value obtained was 1.41 ± 0.01, which led to an overestimation of the evapotranspiration of just 2% and a relative error in estimating evapotranspiration of 8%. The results suggest that the alpha parameter obtained is adequate in estimating the evapotranspiration of oat crops or similar crops in subhumid plains of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The European Flood Alert System and the communication, perception, and use of ensemble predictions for operational flood risk management
Authors: Demeritt David , Nobert Sebastien , Cloke Hannah L. , Pappenberger Florian 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAlthough ensemble prediction systems (EPS) are increasingly promoted as the scientific state‐of‐the‐art for operational flood forecasting, the communication, perception, and use of the resulting alerts have received much less attention. Using a variety of qualitative research methods, including direct user feedback at training workshops, participant observation during site visits to 25 forecasting centres across Europe, and in‐depth interviews with 69 forecasters, civil protection officials, and policy makers involved in operational flood risk management in 17 European countries, this article discusses the perception, communication, and use of European Flood Alert System (EFAS) alerts in operational flood management. In particular, this article describes how the design of EFAS alerts has evolved in response to user feedback and desires for a hydrographic‐like way of visualizing EFAS outputs. It also documents a variety of forecaster perceptions about the value and skill of EFAS forecasts and the best way of using them to inform operational decision making. EFAS flood alerts were generally welcomed by flood forecasters as a sort of ‘pre‐alert’ to spur greater internal vigilance. In most cases, however, they did not lead, by themselves, to further preparatory action or to earlier warnings to the public or emergency services. Their hesitancy to act in response to medium‐term, probabilistic alerts highlights some wider institutional obstacles to the hopes in the research community that EPS will be readily embraced by operational forecasters and lead to immediate improvements in flood incident management. The EFAS experience offers lessons for other hydrological services seeking to implement EPS operationally for flood forecasting and warning. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracing sediment sources in a tropical highland catchment of central Mexico by using conventional and alternative fingerprinting methods
Authors: Evrard Olivier , Poulenard Jérôme , Némery Julien , Ayrault Sophie , Gratiot Nicolas , Duvert Clément , Prat Christian , Lefèvre Irène , Bonté Philippe , Esteves Michel 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLand degradation is intense in tropical regions where it causes for instance a decline in soil fertility and reservoir siltation. Two fingerprinting approaches (i.e. the conventional approach based on radionuclide and geochemical concentrations and the alternative diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy method) were conducted independently to outline the sources delivering sediment to the river network draining into the Cointzio reservoir, in Mexican tropical highlands. This study was conducted between May and October in 2009 in subcatchments representative of the different environments supplying sediment to the river network. Overall, Cointzio catchment is characterized by very altered soils and the dominance of Andisols and Acrisols. Both fingerprinting methods provided very similar results regarding the origin of sediment in Huertitas subcatchment (dominated by Acrisols) where the bulk of sediment was supplied by gullies. In contrast, in La Cortina subcatchment dominated by Andisols, the bulk of sediment was supplied by cropland. Sediment originating from Potrerillos subcatchment characterized by a mix of Acrisols and Andisols was supplied in variable proportions by both gullies and rangeland/cropland. In this latter subcatchment, results provided by both fingerprinting methods were very variable. Our results outline the need to take the organic carbon content of soils into account and the difficulty to use geochemical properties to fingerprint sediment in very altered volcanic catchments. However, combining our fingerprinting results with sediment export data provided a way of prioritizing the implementation of erosion control measures to mitigate sediment supply to the Cointzio reservoir supplying drinking water to Morelia city. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional polycaprolactone scaffold‐conjugated bone morphogenetic protein‐2 promotes cartilage regeneration from primary chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo without accelerated endochondral ossification
Authors: Jeong Claire G. , Zhang Huina , Hollister Scott J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAs articular cartilage is avascular, and mature chondrocytes do not proliferate, cartilage lesions have a limited capacity for regeneration after severe damage. The treatment of such damage has been challenging due to the limited availability of autologous healthy cartilage and lengthy and expensive cell isolation and expansion procedures. Hence, the use of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), a potent regulator of chondrogenic expression, has received considerable attention in cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering. However, the exact role of BMP‐2 in cartilage repair has been postulated to promote both cartilage formation and subsequent cartilage degradation through hypertrophy and endochondral ossification. Furthermore, it is likely that the manner in which BMP‐2 is presented to chondrocytes will influence the physiologic pathway (repair vs. degeneration). This study investigates the relative influence of BMP‐2 on cartilage matrix and potential subsequent bone matrix production using primary chondrocytes seeded on designed 3D polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with chemically conjugated BMP‐2. The results show that chemically conjugated BMP‐2 PCL scaffolds can promote significantly greater cartilage regeneration from seeded chondrocytes both in vitro and in vivo compared with untreated scaffolds. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the conjugated BMP‐2 does not particularly accelerate endochondral ossification even in a readily permissible and highly vascular in vivo environment compared with untreated PCL scaffolds. This study not only reveals the potential use of the BMP‐2 conjugation delivery method for enhanced cartilage tissue formation but also gives new insights for the effects of conjugated BMP‐2 on cartilage regeneration and osteochondral ossification. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Fabrication and characterization of three‐dimensional electrospun scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Andric Tea , Wright Lee D. , Taylor Brittany L. , Freeman Joseph W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWhen traumatic injury, tumor removal, or disease results in significant bone loss, reconstructive surgery is required. Bone grafts are used in orthopedic reconstructive procedures to provide mechanical support and promote bone regeneration. In this study, we applied a heat sintering technique to fabricate 3D electrospun scaffolds that were used to evaluate effects of mineralization and fiber orientation on scaffold strength. We electrospun PLLA/gelatin scaffolds with a layer of PDLA and heat sintered them into three‐dimensional cylindrical scaffolds. Scaffolds were mineralized by incubation in 10× simulated body fluid for 6, 24, and 48 h to evaluate the effect of mineralization on scaffolds compressive mechanical properties. The effects of heat sintering hydroxyapatite (HA) microparticles directly to the scaffolds on mineral deposition, distribution and mechanical properties of the scaffolds were also evaluated. We found that orientation of the fibers had little effect on the compressive mechanical properties of the scaffolds. However, increasing the mineralization times resulted in an increase in compressive mechanical properties. Also, the direct addition of HA microparticles had no effect on the scaffold mechanical properties, but had a significant effect on the mineral deposition on PLLA/gelatin scaffolds. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.