bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Salience‐based Quality Metric for Visualization
Authors: Jänicke H. , Chen M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSalience detection is a principle mechanism to facilitate visual attention. A good visualization guides the observer's attention to the relevant aspects of the representation. Hence, the distribution of salience over a visualization image is an essential measure of the quality of the visualization. We describe a method for computing such a metric for a visualization image in the context of a given dataset. We show how this technique can be used to analyze a visualization's salience, improve an existing visualization, and choose the best representation from a set of alternatives. The usefulness of this proposed metric is illustrated using examples from information visualization, volume visualization and flow visualization.
Video Visualization for Snooker Skill Training
Authors: Höferlin M. , Grundy E. , Borgo R. , Weiskopf D. , Chen M. , Griffiths I. W. , Griffiths W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe present a feasibility study on using video visualization to aid snooker skill training. By involving the coaches and players in the loop of intelligent reasoning, our approach addresses the difficulties of automated semantic reasoning, while benefiting from mature video processing techniques. This work was conducted in conjunction with a snooker club and a sports scientist. In particular, we utilized the principal design of the VideoPerpetuoGram (VPG) to convey spatiotemporal information to the viewers through static visualization, removing the burden of repeated video viewing. We extended the VPG design to accommodate the need for depicting multiple video streams and respective temporal attribute fields, including silhouette extrusion, spatial attributes, and non‐spatial attributes. Our results and evaluation have shown that video visualization can provide snooker coaching with visually quantifiable and comparable summary records, and is thus a cost‐effective means for assessing skill levels and monitoring progress objectively and consistently.
Topology Aware Stream Surfaces
Authors: Schneider Dominic , Reich Wieland , Wiebel Alexander , Scheuermann Gerik 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe present an algorithm that allows stream surfaces to recognize and adapt to vector field topology. Standard stream surface algorithms either refine the surface uncontrolled near critical points which slows down the computation considerably and may lead to a poor surface approximation. Alternatively, the concerned region is omitted from the stream surface by severing it into two parts thus generating an incomplete stream surface. Our algorithm utilizes topological information to provide a fast, accurate, and complete triangulation of the stream surface near critical points. The required topological information is calculated in a preprocessing step. We compare our algorithm against the standard approach both visually and in performance.
Image‐Based Edge Bundles: Simplified Visualization of Large Graphs
Authors: Telea A. , Ersoy O. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe present a new approach aimed at understanding the structure of connections in edge‐bundling layouts. We combine the advantages of edge bundles with a bundle‐centric simplified visual representation of a graph's structure. For this, we first compute a hierarchical edge clustering of a given graph layout which groups similar edges together. Next, we render clusters at a user‐selected level of detail using a new image‐based technique that combines distance‐based splatting and shape skeletonization. The overall result displays a given graph as a small set of overlapping shaded edge bundles. Luminance, saturation, hue, and shading encode edge density, edge types, and edge similarity. Finally, we add brushing and a new type of semantic lens to help navigation where local structures overlap. We illustrate the proposed method on several real‐world graph datasets.
Visual Analysis of Multi‐Joint Kinematic Data
Authors: Krekel Peter R. , Valstar Edward R. , De Groot Jurriaan , Post Frits H. , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Botha Charl P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractKinematics is the analysis of motions without regarding forces or inertial effects, with the purpose of understanding joint behaviour. Kinematic data of linked joints, for example the upper extremity, i.e. the shoulder and arm joints, contains many related degrees of freedom that complicate numerical analysis. Visualisation techniques enhance the analysis process, thus improving the effectiveness of kinematic experiments.This paper describes a new visualisation system specifically designed for the analysis of multi‐joint kinematic data of the upper extremity. The challenge inherent in the data is that the upper extremity is comprised of five cooperating joints with a total of fifteen degrees of freedom. The range of motion may be affected by subtle deficiencies of individual joints that are difficult to pinpoint. To highlight these subtleties our approach combines interactive filtering and multiple visualisation techniques.Our system is further differentiated by the fact that it integrates simultaneous acquisition and visual analysis of biokinematic data. Also, to facilitate complex queries, we have designed a visual query interface with visualisation and interaction elements that are based on the domain‐specific anatomical representation of the data. The combination of these techniques form an effective approach specifically tailored for the investigation and comparison of large collections of kinematic data. This claim is supported by an evaluation experiment where the technique was used to inspect the kinematics of the left and right arm of a patient with a healed proximal humerus fracture, i.e. a healed shoulder fracture.
HyperMoVal: Interactive Visual Validation of Regression Models for Real‐Time Simulation
Authors: Piringer H. , Berger W. , Krasser J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDuring the development of car engines, regression models that are based on machine learning techniques are increasingly important for tasks which require a prediction of results in real‐time. While the validation of a model is a key part of its identification process, existing computation‐ or visualization‐based techniques do not adequately support all aspects of model validation. The main contribution of this paper is an interactive approach called HyperMoVal that is designed to support multiple tasks related to model validation: 1) comparing known and predicted results, 2) analyzing regions with a bad fit, 3) assessing the physical plausibility of models also outside regions covered by validation data, and 4) comparing multiple models. The key idea is to visually relate one or more n‐dimensional scalar functions to known validation data within a combined visualization. HyperMoVal lays out multiple 2D and 3D sub‐projections of the n‐dimensional function space around a focal point. We describe how linking HyperMoVal to other views further extends the possibilities for model validation. Based on this integration, we discuss steps towards supporting the entire workflow of identifying regression models. An evaluation illustrates a typical workflow in the application context of car‐engine design and reports general feedback of domain experts and users of our approach. These results indicate that our approach significantly accelerates the identification of regression models and increases the confidence in the overall engineering process.
Estimation and Modeling of Actual Numerical Errors in Volume Rendering
Authors: Kronander Joel , Unger Jonas , Möller Torsten , Ynnerman Anders 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper we study the comprehensive effects on volume rendered images due to numerical errors caused by the use of finite precision for data representation and processing. To estimateactualerror behavior we conduct a thorough study using a volume renderer implemented with arbitrary floating‐point precision. Based on the experimental data we then model the impact of floating‐point pipeline precision, sampling frequency and fixed‐point input data quantization on the fidelity of rendered images. We introduce three models, an average model, which does not adapt to different data nor varying transfer functions, as well as two adaptive models that take the intricacies of a new data set and transfer function into account by adapting themselves given a few different images rendered. We also test and validate our models based on new data that was not used during our model building.
ProbExplorer: Uncertainty‐guided Exploration and Editing of Probabilistic Medical Image Segmentation
Authors: Saad Ahmed , Möller Torsten , Hamarneh Ghassan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we develop an interactive analysis and visualization tool for probabilistic segmentation results in medical imaging. We provide a systematic approach to analyze, interact and highlight regions of segmentation uncertainty. We introduce a set of visual analysis widgets integrating different approaches to analyze multivariate probabilistic field data with direct volume rendering. We demonstrate the user's ability to identify suspicious regions (e.g. tumors) and correct the misclassification results using a novel uncertainty‐based segmentation editing technique. We evaluate our system and demonstrate its usefulness in the context of static and time‐varying medical imaging datasets.
Topology‐based Smoothing of 2D Scalar Fields withC1‐Continuity
Authors: Weinkauf Tino , Gingold Yotam , Sorkine Olga 
Published: August 2010

AbstractData sets coming from simulations or sampling of real‐world phenomena often contain noise that hinders their processing and analysis. Automatic filtering and denoising can be challenging: when the nature of the noise is unknown, it is difficult to distinguish between noise and actual data features; in addition, the filtering process itself may introduce “artificial” features into the data set that were not originally present. In this paper, we propose a smoothing method for 2D scalar fields that gives the user explicit control over the data features. We define features as critical points of the given scalar function, and the topological structure they induce (i.e., the Morse‐Smale complex). Feature significance is rated according to topological persistence. Our method allows filtering out spurious features that arise due to noise by means of topological simplification, providing the user with a simple interface that defines the significance threshold, coupled with immediate visual feedback of the remaining data features. In contrast to previous work, our smoothing method guarantees a C1‐continuous output scalar field with the exact specified features and topological structures.
The Denationalization of Cabinets in the European Commission
Authors: EGEBERG MORTEN , HESKESTAD ANDREAS 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe cabinets of the European Commission are seen to play a crucial role in the policy‐making process. So far, however, they have in many respects remained ‘black boxes’. In this article we ‘unpack’ the demographic composition in terms of nationality of three commissions' cabinets. The standard portrayal of cabinets has been that of national enclaves and points of access. Reforms during the period have required a more multinational composition. Our study shows that not only have the new rules been implemented: the new formal requirements have become over‐fulfilled and increasingly so. In 2004, 96 per cent of the cabinets contained more nationalities than formally prescribed and 57 per cent of the personnel were non‐compatriots of their respective commissioners. Based on studies of comparable phenomena, it is reason to believe that decomposition of a particular demographical cluster within an organizational unit reduces the impact of such demographical factors on officials' decision behaviour.
The Euro–Mediterranean Partnership: Trade in Services as an Alternative to Migration?
Authors: HOEKMAN BERNARD , ÖZDEN ÇAĞLAR 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article discusses options to facilitate movement of workers between high‐income and developing countries within the framework of trade agreements, focusing on the European Union's partnership agreements with neighbouring countries. Existing frameworks for co‐operation offer the possibility of expanding temporary rather than longer‐term or permanent movement of workers since extant trade agreements provide scope for negotiating specific market access commitments for services, including those delivered through the cross‐border movement of natural persons. Even though the potential for such ‘embodied’ trade in services will not be anywhere near what would be associated with substantial liberalization of migration regimes, furthering the services trade dimension in the European Union's trade agreements offers significant potential Pareto gains. For the partner countries these gains from temporary movement of service providers are both direct – through greater employment and revenue from providing services in the European Union – and indirect – by helping to increase and sustain higher growth at home.
Open‐Ended Membership Prospect and Commitment Credibility: Explaining the Deadlock in EU–Turkey Accession Negotiations
Authors: UGUR MEHMET 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAfter the enlargement of 2004, the European Union (EU) has introduced an open‐ended framework for accession negotiations. Although the ultimate aim is still to ensure the integration of candidate countries, the timing and modality of membership is not guaranteed in advance. This article utilizes a political economy model to demonstrate that open‐ended accession negotiations would lead to suboptimal outcomes in the form of inadequate convergence reforms undertaken in the candidate country and poor membership prospect offered by the EU. This analytical finding is compatible with and can be useful in understanding the dynamics of deteriorating reform output in Turkey and weakening EU commitment to Turkish membership since the start of the open‐ended accession negotiations process in 2005. Two necessary conditions must be satisfied to overcome such adverse outcomes in the enlargement process: (i) the EU and the accession country must renew their commitments to reform and integration through a new political bargain; and (ii) they should follow this bargain with periodic summits for co‐ordinating their commitments in the face of shocks to, or emerging deadlocks in, the process of open‐ended accession negotiations.
The rôle of fat and protein during breeding in the White‐bellied swiftlet (Collocalia esculents)
Authors: Hails C. J. , Turner A. K. 
Published: August 2010

The breeding biology of the White‐bellied swiftlet was studied in Malaysia. Birds were captured every month, and more intensively during the breeding season. To investigate the role of fat and protein reserves in the annual cycle, carcasses were fat extracted after separating the pectoral muscles. The stage of the laying cycle was investigated by histological examination of the ovaries.Fat and protein reserves were correlated with the body size of the birds. In non‐laying females and males, both reserves were correlated with date and feeding conditions determined by the weather. In egg‐laying birds, protein reserves were again correlated with feeding conditions, but fat reserves were negatively correlated with the day of the laying cycle. Assessment of the daily foraging abilities of the birds showed that, for egg‐layers, proteins were likely to be in greatest supply and fats in least supply. It is suggested that a fat reserve serves as an insurance against poor feeding conditions for laying birds.
Embryonic, foetal and placental development in the Common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Chambers P. L. , Hearn J. P. 
Published: August 2010

Embryonic. foetal and placental samples were taken at hysterotomy from timed and estimated stages of pregnancy. Timed pregnancies were sampled at least every 10 days, between days 30 and 140 of the 144‐day gestationTwo placental discs of similar size were present in all cases. Placental growth followed a sigmoid curve with the most rapid growth being found between 60 and 90 days. Placentae from triplet pregnancies were larger and heavier than those from twin pregnancies. A description of the external characteristics of embryos and foetuses showed clear‐cut differences between each 10‐day interval. Foetal body weight was measured after day 70 and the body weight increased most rapidly after day 100. Twins were heavier than triplets during late pregnancy and at birth. The major organs were weighed after day 80 and the largest increase in weight gain was usually found between days 120 and 140. Fifty percent of the birth (is. 140‐day) weight was achieved by day 70–80 for the placenta and by day 120–130 for the body and organ weights. With the exception of the brain and adrenals, the body and organ weights at birth were 10–20° of their ultimate adult weight. The crown‐rump length (C.R.L.) was measured after day 50. The maximum increments in growth were found between days 70 and 110 and there was no difference between twins and triplets during pregnancy or at birth. Nineteen other trunk, limb and head measurements were taken after day 90 of pregnancy and the maximum increments in growth were found between 90 and 120 days. At birth, the trunk and limb measurements were 40° and the head was 68° of the adult size. In all weight and linear measurements, the rate of growth, which is the increment per unit of weight or length. was most rapid during the earliest time‐period measured.
The prosicular stage of Rhabdopleura (Pterobranchia: Hemichordata)
Authors: DlLLY P.N. 
Published: August 2010

After settling, the larva of Rhabdopleura surrounds itself with a collagenous dome. Later, the zooid breaks through the wall of the dome and builds the horizontal tube part of the coenecium on to the dome.The dome is a layered structure, unknown in other parts of the coenecium. whereas the horizontal tube is made up of rings in the classical manner of the adult coenecium. The construction of these two parts is different. The techniques used to reinforce the horizontal tube show a marked similarity to the cortical bandages recently described in the fossil graptolites, and give support to the claim that they are ancestral to Rhabdopleura. There are two sorts of early horizontal tube, one is a straight tube, and the other is longer and coiled. The hole in the dome through which the zooid emerges to build the horizontal tube is probably produced by a chemical boring of the zooid, and supports the hypothesis that the zooids can bore holes in shells and corals.
The influence of habitat on behaviour in a group of St. Kitts green monkeys
Authors: Chapman Colin 
Published: August 2010

The relationships between specific ecological variables and the expression of behaviours were investigated in a group of green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) inhabiting an ecologically diverse home range on the dry savanna‐like peninsula of St. Kitts, West Indies. The group's behaviour was shown to vary between areas that differed with respect to four factors produced from a factor analysis of 20 ecological variables.A number of relationships between behaviour and ecology were found that have not been previously described. Social behaviours were negatively related to cover, while attention behaviours were positively related to cover. Agonistic behaviours and affiliative behaviours were positively related to food abundance. Open areas with edge proved to be important to the group, and a number of behaviours were expressed for longer durations and/or more frequently in these areas. Comparisons of this study with others illustrates a need to examine carefully behavioural ecological relationships using quantitative methodology.
The breeding distribution and abundance of the rook (Corvus frugilegus L.) in Great Britain since the 1920s
Authors: Brenchley Anne 
Published: August 2010

A dramatic decline in the breeding density of the rook (Corvus frugilegus) took place in Great Britain between 1944/6 and 1975. This was evident from the results of two national surveys conducted in these years and other more local censuses undertaken in the intervening period. The most notable decreases occurred in the eastern counties of England: Cambridgeshire (68%) and Lincolnshire (72%). Data from local surveys indicated that the decrease in rook breeding densities began in the late 1950s and continued into the 1960s. There were regional variations in the timing of this decline.Regional variation in the breeding density of the rook and rookery distribution was analysed for the two national censuses. The pattern was shown to be similar for both periods, despite the fall in overall densities. Rooks occupied lowland (< 300 m) agricultural land and avoided areas of high human population. Higher rook densities and rookery sizes were consistently found in Scotland compared with England and Wales.
A comparison of foraging at refuse tips by three species of gull (Laridae)
Authors: Greig S. A. , Coulson J. C. , Monaghan P. 
Published: August 2010

The comparative foraging of Black‐headed (Larus ridibundus), Herring (L. argentalus) and Great black‐backed gulls (L. marinus) was investigated at refuse tips in north‐east England. Between October and February, two races of Herring gulls are present, those which breed in Britain (L. a. argenteus) and the larger Scandinavian herring gulls (L. a. argentatus).Three types of feeding at a refuse tip were distinguished: undisturbed primary feeding (highly competitive feeding on freshly dumped rubbish), disturbed primary feeding (agile surface dipping for food from the air, close to the working bulldozer) and secondary feeding (low density feeding on dispersed and partially buried rubbish).In undisturbed feeding the largest individuals (i.e. Great black‐backed gulls) were competitively superior and achieved the highest feeding success. The smallest individuals (i.e. Black‐headed gulls) were rapidly excluded by the larger gulls. Scandinavian herring gulls were competitively superior in intraspecific interactions, but they were selectively attacked by Great black‐backed gulls. Disturbed feeding, in contrast, was used most by Black‐headed gulls and not at all by Great black‐backed gulls. Large body size is a disadvantage in disturbed feeding, due to increased wing loading acting as a constraint on manoeuvrability. Overall, the separation between species, in terms of the proportion of food gained by different feeding methods, was estimated at 30–50%.Cold and windy conditions led to increased numbers of Herring and Great black‐backed gulls at tips, and numbers of Great black‐backed gulls were also higher when fish landings at the coast were low. There were significant differences between tips in the number of Great black‐backed and Black‐headed gulls, possibly due to differences in working regime which influence the feeding opportunities which were available.