bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unbiased Estimation of Gene Diversity in Samples Containing Related Individuals: Exact Variance and Arbitrary Ploidy
Authors: DeGiorgio Michael , Jankovic Ivana , Rosenberg Noah A 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Gene diversity, a commonly used measure of genetic variation, evaluates the proportion of heterozygous individuals expected at a locus in a population, under the assumption of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. When using the standard estimator of gene diversity, the inclusion of related or inbred individuals in a sample produces a downward bias. Here, we extend a recently developed estimator shown to be unbiased in a diploid autosomal sample that includes known related or inbred individuals to the general case of arbitrary ploidy. We derive an exact formula for the variance of the new estimator, $\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \({\tilde{H}}\) \end{document}$, and present an approximation to facilitate evaluation of the variance when each individual is related to at most one other individual in a sample. When examining samples from the human X chromosome, which represent a mixture of haploid and diploid individuals, we find that $\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \({\tilde{H}}\) \end{document}$ performs favorably compared to the standard estimator, both in theoretical computations of mean squared error and in data analysis. We thus propose that $\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \({\tilde{H}}\) \end{document}$ is a useful tool in characterizing gene diversity in samples of arbitrary ploidy that contain related or inbred individuals.
Comparative Genetic Mapping Points to Different Sex Chromosomes in Sibling Species of Wild Strawberry (Fragaria)
Authors: Goldberg Margot T , Spigler Rachel B , Ashman Tia-Lynn 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Separate sexes have evolved repeatedly from hermaphroditic ancestors in flowering plants, and thus select taxa can provide unparalleled insight into the evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes that are thought to be shared by plants and animals alike. Here we ask whether two octoploid sibling species of wild strawberry—one almost exclusively dioecious (males and females), Fragaria chiloensis, and one subdioecious (males, females, and hermaphrodites), F. virginiana—share the same sex-determining chromosome. We created a genetic map of the sex chromosome and its homeologs in F. chiloensis and assessed macrosynteny between it and published maps of the proto-sex chromosome of F. virginiana and the homeologous autosome of hermaphroditic diploid species. Segregation of male and female function in our F. chiloensis mapping population confirmed that linkage and dominance relations are similar to those in F. virginiana. However, identification of the molecular markers most tightly linked to the sex-determining locus in the two octoploid species shows that, in both, this region maps to homeologues of chromosome 6 in diploid congeners, but is located at opposite ends of their respective chromosomes.
Cdc14-Dependent Dephosphorylation of a Kinetochore Protein Prior to Anaphase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Akiyoshi Bungo , Biggins Sue 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The budding yeast Cdc14 phosphatase reverses Cdk1 phosphorylation to promote mitotic exit. Although Cdc14 activity is thought to be restricted to anaphase, we found that dephosphorylation of the Dsn1 kinetochore protein in metaphase requires Cdc14. These data suggest that there is a nonnucleolar pool of active Cdc14 prior to anaphase.
Avoiding Osseous Grafting in the Atrophic Posterior Mandible for Implant-Supported Fixed Partial Dentures: A Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Flanagan Dennis 
Published: October 2010

Bone atrophy occurs after tooth extraction in the posterior mandible, placing the mandibular canal and its neural, arterial, and venous contents closer to the osseous facial aspect and the coronal crest. This proximity places the structure in danger of damage when dental implants are surgically placed to support fixed or removable prostheses. Several options are available to treat these areas for implant-supported fixed and removable complete or partial dentures. Osseous grafting and ridge expansion are surgical options that enable acceptance of standard sized dental implants but have serious morbidities. Additionally, vertical osseous augmentation is not predictable at this time. Narrow diameter dental implants can be placed to avoid the mandibular canal, but some bone volume situations preclude this. Very wide and very short (6.5 × 5 mm) dental implants may be placed at an angle in atrophic sites to successfully support fixed partial dentures. An anterior guidance occlusal scheme may be used in maxillary dentate patients or group function in maxillary complete denture patients. A 100 micron occlusal relief in fixed partial dentures in dentate patients may be required to account for natural tooth intrusion and to prevent occlusal overload of the implant-supported partial denture.
Feeding Ecology of Blue Marlins, Dolphinfish, Yellowfin Tuna, and Wahoos from the North Atlantic Ocean and Comparisons with other Oceans
Authors: Rudershausen Paul J. , Buckel Jeffrey A. , Edwards Jason , Gannon Damon P. , Butler Christopher M. , Averett Tyler W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe examined diet, dietary niche width, diet overlap, and prey size–predator size relationships of blue marlins Makaira nigricans, dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus, yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares, and wahoos Acanthocybium solandri caught in the western North Atlantic Ocean during the Big Rock Blue Marlin Tournament (BRT) in 1998–2000 and 2003–2009 and dolphinfish captured outside the BRT from 2002 to 2004. Scombrids were important prey of blue marlins, yellowfin tuna, and wahoos; other frequently consumed prey included cephalopods (for yellowfin tuna and wahoos) and exocoetids (for yellowfin tuna). Dolphinfish diets included exocoetids, portunids, and conspecifics as important prey. Blue marlins and wahoos consumed relatively few prey species (i.e., low dietary niche width), while dolphinfish had the highest dietary niche width; yellowfin tuna had intermediate niche width values. Maximum prey size increased with dolphinfish size; however, the consumption of small prey associated with algae Sargassum spp. occurred across the full size range of dolphinfish examined. Most interspecific diet overlap values with dolphinfish were not significant; however, blue marlins, yellowfin tuna, and wahoos had significant diet overlap due to their reliance on scombrid prey. Prey types found in blue marlins, dolphinfish, and wahoos were more consistent among BRT years than prey found in yellowfin tuna. The prey of yellowfin tuna and wahoos collected during BRT years correlated with historic (early 1980s) diet data from North Carolina, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Bahamas. Based on principal components analysis, diets from several oceans clustered together for blue marlins, dolphinfish, yellowfin tuna, and wahoos. Although differences were found, the diets of each predator were largely consistent both temporally (e.g., over the past three decades in the Gulf Stream) and spatially (among oceans), despite potential effects of fishing or environmental changes.
Abundance Estimates of Skates (Rajidae) on the Continental Shelf of the Northeastern United States Using a Video Survey
Authors: MacDonald Alyssa M. , Adams Charles F. , Stokesbury Kevin D. E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFishing pressure is increasing on the seven skate species on the continental shelf of the northeastern United States. We provide the first abundance estimate for this skate complex by using data from an annual video survey (2003–2009) at depths of 40–120 m from Georges Bank through the Middle Atlantic Bight. Average annual skate densities were 0.014 individuals/m2 on Georges Bank and 0.009 individuals/m2 in the Middle Atlantic Bight; total skate abundance estimates averaged around 410 and 210 million fish, respectively. Coefficients of variation in density were low, averaging 9% for Georges Bank and 12% for the Middle Atlantic Bight. Abundance was relatively constant between 2003 and 2009 on Georges Bank and in the Middle Atlantic Bight except for a significant increase in 2006 within the latter area. These abundance estimates can be used for detailed population studies, analysis of harvest strategies, and community studies necessary for ecosystem‐based management.
Seasonal Distribution and Movements of Shortnose Sturgeon and Atlantic Sturgeon in the Penobscot River Estuary, Maine
Authors: Fernandes Stephen J. , Zydlewski Gayle Barbin , Zydlewski Joseph D. , Wippelhauser Gail S. , Kinnison Michael T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRelatively little is known about the distribution and seasonal movement patterns of shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum and Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus occupying rivers in the northern part of their range. During 2006 and 2007, 40 shortnose sturgeon (66–113.4 cm fork length [FL]) and 8 Atlantic sturgeon (76.2–166.2 cm FL) were captured in the Penobscot River, Maine, implanted with acoustic transmitters, and monitored using an array of acoustic receivers in the Penobscot River estuary and Penobscot Bay. Shortnose sturgeon were present year round in the estuary and overwintered from fall (mid‐October) to spring (mid‐April) in the upper estuary. In early spring, all individuals moved downstream to the middle estuary. Over the course of the summer, many individuals moved upstream to approximately 2 km of the downstream‐most dam (46 river kilometers [rkm] from the Penobscot River mouth [rkm 0]) by August. Most aggregated into an overwintering site (rkm 36.5) in mid‐ to late fall. As many as 50% of the tagged shortnose sturgeon moved into and out of the Penobscot River system during 2007, and 83% were subsequently detected by an acoustic array in the Kennebec River, located 150 km from the Penobscot River estuary. Atlantic sturgeon moved into the estuary from the ocean in the summer and concentrated into a 1.5‐km reach. All Atlantic sturgeon moved to the ocean by fall, and two of these were detected in the Kennebec River. Although these behaviors are common for Atlantic sturgeon, regular coastal migrations of shortnose sturgeon have not been documented previously in this region. These results have important implications for future dam removals as well as for rangewide and river‐specific shortnose sturgeon management.
Examining Genetic Lineages of Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River Basin
Authors: Narum Shawn R. , Hess Jon E. , Matala Andrew P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe examined 13 microsatellite loci from 51 collections of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha throughout the Columbia River basin to determine membership in one of three major genetic lineages, introgression of genetic lineages within specific populations, and genetic structure at the subbasin level. Results confirm those of previous studies that three major lineages of Chinook salmon persist in the drainage, representing two interior life histories (ocean and stream types) and one lineage in the lower Columbia River. Novel observations of introgression were noted in specific collections, including three from the lower Columbia River (Sandy River, Kalama Hatchery, and Lewis Hatchery) and one stream‐type population (Klickitat River). Estimates of genetic distance were larger in comparisons between ocean‐ and stream‐type populations (G′ST = 0.429) and among stream‐type and lower Columbia River populations (G′ST = 0.418) than between ocean‐type and lower Columbia River populations (G′ST = 0.271). Significant geographic structure was observed within lineages at the regional and subbasin scale, particularly for stream‐type Chinook salmon, which is consistent with the philopatric nature of the species. The stream‐type lineage typically had a lower effective population size than did the other lineages. In particular, natural populations from Big Creek and West Fork Yankee Fork had estimates of less than 50 effective individuals, warranting conservation concern. Overall, the differing life histories and genetic characteristics of the three lineages discussed here make them high priorities for long‐term conservation of the species.
Dispersal and Within‐Stream Spatial Population Structure of Brook Trout Revealed by Pedigree Reconstruction Analysis
Authors: Hudy Mark , Coombs Jason A. , Nislow Keith H. , Letcher Benjamin H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSpatial patterns of spawning and early dispersal have important implications for the population dynamics of stream‐dwelling salmonids, but the limitations of marking technology have made it difficult to measure these processes in wild populations. We used microsatellite DNA markers and sibship and parentage analyses to follow the dispersal, spatial distribution, and distribution of reproductive success in a small, isolated western Virginia population of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis at 4, 16, and 28 months after fry emergence. For the 2004 year‐class (high‐recruitment cohort), we identified 180 full‐sibling families representing individual spawning events. Offspring were unevenly distributed across families, with 16% of the families accounting for 50% of the offspring and 53% of the families being represented by fewer than three individuals. However, a large proportion of adults had some successful reproduction. Spatial and family size distributions at 4 months after emergence were similar between the 2004 and 2006 (low‐recruitment) year‐classes in spite of a threefold difference in abundance. The spatial locations of full sibs were closely associated, indicating limited dispersal in the first 4 months postemergence. The spatial locations of assigned parents were correlated with the locations of their offspring. For the 2004 cohort, sibling dispersal substantially increased after the 4‐month sample, but neither fish length, family size (number of individuals), nor fish density was related to dispersal distance at any postemergence time interval. In this study, we demonstrate the ability of sibship and parentage analyses to reveal important aspects of brook trout population structure and movement. Our results suggest that limited dispersal by age‐0 brook trout and their parents results in a high level of within‐stream spatial population structure even in the absence of barriers to movement, and this must be accounted for in genetic surveys and management studies.
Urban parks as a result of coordinated comprehensive projects
Authors: de Asís Ramírez Chasco F. , Seco Meneses A. , Prieto Cobo E. 
Published: October 2010

Creating public parks in central areas of a city is often impossible or, at least, very difficult to achieve, given the shortage of available space and the pressure for residential and infrastructure construction. However, there are times when it is possible to coordinate projects of a very diverse nature so that, with a cooperative effort involving entities and administrations with independent interests and areas of responsibility, such a project can be realised, integrating goals that seemed incompatible at first glance. This paper describes the example of an action, carried out in 2006 and 2007 in the centre of Pamplona, Spain, in an area particularly sensitive from the historic and artistic point of view, that made possible the construction of important infrastructure (a bus terminal) and the recovery of a walled area of the city, while also creating a green space of more than 35 000 m2.
Multilocus patterns of nucleotide polymorphism and demographic change in Taxodium distichum (Cupressaceae) in the lower Mississippi River alluvial valley
Authors: Kusumi Junko , Zidong Li , Kado Tomoyuki , Tsumura Yoshihiko , Middleton Beth A. , Tachida Hidenori 
Published: October 2010

• Premise of the Study: Studies of the geographic patterns of genetic variation can give important insights into the past population structure of species. Our study species, Taxodium distichum L. (bald‐cypress), prefers riparian and wetland habitats and is widely distributed in southeastern North America and Mexico. We compared the genetic variation of T. distichum with that of its close relative, Cryptomeria japonica, which is endemic to Japan.• Methods: Nucleotide polymorphisms of T. distichum in the lower Mississippi River alluvial valley, USA, were examined at 10 nuclear loci.• Key Results: The average nucleotide diversity at silent sites, πsil, across the 10 loci in T. distichum was higher than that of C. japonica (πsil = 0.00732 and 0.00322, respectively). In T. distichum, Tajima's D values were each negative at 9 out of 10 loci, which suggests a recent population expansion. Maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian estimations of the exponential population growth rate (g) of T. distichum populations indicated that this species had expanded approximately at the rate of 1.7–1.0 × 10–6 per year in the past.• Conclusions: Taxodium distichum had significantly higher nucleotide variation than C. japonica, and its patterns of polymorphism contrasted strikingly with those of the latter, which previously has been inferred to have experienced a reduction in population size.
Variation in the timing of autonomous selfing among populations that differ in flower size, time to reproductive maturity, and climate
Authors: Elle Elizabeth , Gillespie Sandra , Guindre‐Parker Sarah , Parachnowitsch Amy L. 
Published: October 2010

• Premise of the study: Early reproductive maturity is common in dry and ephemeral habitats and often associated with smaller flowers with increased potential for within‐flower (autonomous) self‐pollination. We investigated whether populations from locations that differ in moisture availability, known to vary for whole‐plant development rate, also varied in the timing of autonomous selfing. This timing is of interest because the modes of selfing (prior, competing, and delayed) have different fitness consequences.• Methods: We measured timing of anther dehiscence, stigma receptivity, and herkogamy under pollinator‐free conditions for plants from three populations of Collinsia parviflora that differed in annual precipitation, flower size, and time to sexual maturity. Using a manipulative experiment, we determined potential seed production via prior, competing, and delayed autonomous selfing for each population.• Key results: Stigma receptivity, anther dehiscence, and selfing ability covaried with whole‐plant development and climate. Plants from the driest site, which reached sexual maturity earliest, had receptive stigmas and dehiscent anthers in bud. Most seeds were produced via prior selfing. The population from the wettest site with slowest development was not receptive until after flowers opened. Although competing selfing was possible, all selfing was delayed. The intermediate population was between these extremes, with significant contributions from both competing and delayed selfing.• Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that within‐species variation in the timing of selfing occurs and is related to both environmental conditions and whole‐plant development rates. We suggest that, if these results can be generalized to other species, mating systems may evolve in response to ongoing climatic change.
A comparison of two techniques for bibliometric mapping: Multidimensional scaling and VOS
Authors: van Eck Nees Jan , Waltman Ludo , Dekker Rommert , van den Berg Jan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractVOS is a new mapping technique that can serve as an alternative to the well‐known technique of multidimensional scaling (MDS). We present an extensive comparison between the use of MDS and the use of VOS for constructing bibliometric maps. In our theoretical analysis, we show the mathematical relation between the two techniques. In our empirical analysis, we use the techniques for constructing maps of authors, journals, and keywords. Two commonly used approaches to bibliometric mapping, both based on MDS, turn out to produce maps that suffer from artifacts. Maps constructed using VOS turn out not to have this problem. We conclude that in general maps constructed using VOS provide a more satisfactory representation of a dataset than maps constructed using well‐known MDS approaches.
Angiographic and intravascular ultrasound follow up of paclitaxel‐ and sirolimus‐eluting stent after poststent high‐pressure balloon dilation: From the poststent optimal stent expansion trial
Authors: Park Sang Min , Kim Jung‐Sun , Ko Young‐Guk , Choi Donghoon , Hong Myeong‐Ki , Jang Yangsoo , Kang Woong Chol , Ahn Taehoon , Kim Byoung‐Keuk , Oh Seong Jin , Jeon Dong Woon , Yang Joo‐Young 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectives: The aims of this study were to identify the efficacy of optimal stent expansion (OSE) according to the Multicenter Ultrasound Stenting in Coronaries Study (MUSIC Study) criteria in drug‐eluting stent (DES) and compare paclitaxel‐eluting stent (PES) to sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES). Background: Although poststent high‐pressure balloon dilatation is proposed after bare metal stent implantation according to OSE, defined by the criteria of the MUSIC Study, very little data are available in DES. Methods: Two hundred fifty patients (M:F = 149:101; age, 61.5 ± 9.2 years) who underwent 9‐month follow‐up angiography in the Poststent Optimal Stent Expansion Trial (POET) were included in this study. We assessed angiographic in‐stent restenosis (ISR) and neointima volume (NV) using IVUS at 9 months. Results: At 9‐month follow up, there were no significant differences in ISR and NV index (NV/stent length, mm2) between patients with and without OSE. However, the rate of ISR and NV index were higher in PES [ISR: 18 (13.7%) and 4 (3.4%), P = 0.004; NV index: 1.02 ± 0.99 mm2 and 0.21 ± 0.37, P < 0.001 in PES and SES]. Conclusions: OSE according to the MUSIC Study criteria was not related to ISR and NV in the DES era but PES had a significantly higher ISR rate and NV than SES after poststent high‐pressure balloon dilatation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Emergency covered stent implantation for rupture of the ascending aorta after balloon angioplasty
Authors: Riede Frank T. , Flosdorff Patrick , Dähnert Ingo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn acute rupture of the ascending aorta occurred in a 12‐year‐old boy after balloon angioplasty and was successfully treated by emergency covered stent implantation during resuscitation and preparation for support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Neuroprotection with sedation, core temperature cooling and mild hyperventilation were undertaken. The boy recovered quickly. There were no neurological sequalae with a good interventional result at discharge and at follow‐up after 9 months. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of an unraveled intracerebral coil
Authors: Wang Chaohua , Xie Xiaodong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe describe a case of coil unraveling that occurred during stent‐assisted cerebral aneurysm embolization. The unraveled coil was stretched and the loose end was fixed in the external carotid artery by the addition of other coils. Herniation of the loose coil end to the distal part of the vessel with potential vessel occlusion was prevented and no immediate or long‐term complication was observed. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.