bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung function in young adults with congenital diaphragmatic hernia; a longitudinal evaluation
Authors: Spoel Marjolein , van der Cammen‐van Zijp Monique H.M. , Hop Wim C.J. , Tibboel Dick , de Jongste Johan C. , IJsselstijn Hanneke 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundSurvival rates of patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) have improved to up to 80%. Little is known about long‐term consequences of the disease and its treatment. We evaluated lung function and respiratory symptoms longitudinally in a previously studied cohort of CDH patients and age‐matched non‐CDH patients who underwent similar neonatal intensive care treatment.Study DesignWe tested 27 young adults [mean (SD) age: 26.8 years (2.9)] with CDH and 30 non‐CDH patients. Dynamic and static lung volumes, midexpiratory flows, and diffusion capacity were expressed as mean (SD) standard deviation scores. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms was evaluated with the European Community Respiratory Health Survey.ResultsAll data are expressed as mean (SD). FEF25–75 in CDH patients had slightly deteriorated since childhood (CDH: −0.7 (1.4) vs. −1.6 (1.5), P < 0.001; non‐CDH patients: 0.2 (1.4) vs. −0.3 (1.6), P = 0.038, ns). Diffusion capacity decreased in both groups (CDH: DLCOc 0.2 (1.1) vs. −1.5 (1.1), P <0.001; non‐CDH: DLCOc 0.1 (0.4) vs. −1.1 (1.1), P < 0.001). Lung volumes were normal in both groups. The prevalence of asthma was higher than in the normal population (27.6% in patients and 30% in controls, P < 0.001).ConclusionsAirflow obstruction and diffusion capacity deteriorated mildly from childhood into adulthood in survivors of CDH. The improved survival of patients with more severe forms of diaphragmatic hernia calls for long‐term follow‐up of lung function. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:130–137. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhancing mental models, analogical transfer, and performance in strategic decision making
Authors: Gary Michael Shayne , Wood Robert E. , Pillinger Tracey 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRecent research suggests that managers often make strategic decisions in novel situations by utilizing past experiences to reason by analogy. However, there is substantial evidence that decision makers often fail to identify and apply knowledge about one situation to a similarly structured situation. Two experimental studies investigated the mechanisms impacting knowledge transfer from one managerial situation (the source) to an analogous situation. The results show that exposure to variation in the source situation improves transfer performance. Variation decreases performance in the short term but improves learning and increases analogical transfer. Higher performance on and systematic search of the source situation also increase transfer performance. These results yield important implications for enhancing analogical transfer in strategic decision making and for future research on reasoning by analogy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does it pay to be really good? addressing the shape of the relationship between social and financial performance
Authors: Barnett Michael L. , Salomon Robert M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBuilding on the theoretical argument that a firm's ability to profit from social responsibility depends upon its stakeholder influence capacity (SIC), we bring together contrasting literatures on the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and corporate financial performance (CFP) to hypothesize that the CSP‐CFP relationship is U‐shaped. Our results support this hypothesis. We find that firms with low CSP have higher CFP than firms with moderate CSP, but firms with high CSP have the highest CFP. This supports the theoretical argument that SIC underlies the ability to transform social responsibility into profit. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EUV SpectroPhotometer (ESP) in Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE): Algorithms and Calibrations
Authors: Didkovsky L. , Judge D. , Wieman S. , Woods T. , Jones A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Extreme ultraviolet SpectroPhotometer (ESP) is one of five channels of the Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) onboard the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The ESP channel design is based on a highly stable diffraction transmission grating and is an advanced version of the Solar Extreme ultraviolet Monitor (SEM), which has been successfully observing solar irradiance onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) since December 1995. ESP is designed to measure solar Extreme UltraViolet (EUV) irradiance in four first-order bands of the diffraction grating centered around 19 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, and 36 nm, and in a soft X-ray band from 0.1 to 7.0 nm in the zeroth-order of the grating. Each band’s detector system converts the photo-current into a count rate (frequency). The count rates are integrated over 0.25-second increments and transmitted to the EVE Science and Operations Center for data processing. An algorithm for converting the measured count rates into solar irradiance and the ESP calibration parameters are described. The ESP pre-flight calibration was performed at the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Calibration parameters were used to calculate absolute solar irradiance from the sounding-rocket flight measurements on 14 April 2008. These irradiances for the ESP bands closely match the irradiance determined for two other EUV channels flown simultaneously: EVE’s Multiple EUV Grating Spectrograph (MEGS) and SOHO’s Charge, Element and Isotope Analysis System/Solar EUV Monitor (CELIAS/SEM).
Description of two new species of the genus Thaparocleidus Jain, 1952 (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae) from freshwater fish in India: morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence
Authors: Chaudhary A. , Singh H.S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe present paper describes the taxonomy of two new monogeneans, namely, Thaparocleidus longiphallus sp. n. and T. siloniansis sp. n., based on morphological, morphometric and molecular biological analysis, collected from the fish Wallago attu (Bloch & Schn.) and Silonia silondia (Ham.), respectively, at Meerut, UP, India. Genetic characterization of the two new species is based on sequence analyses of the rDNA 28S gene using neighbour-joining and maximum-parsimony techniques. These methods are congruent in depicting T. longiphallus sp. n. and T. siloniansis sp. n. as closely related species, but distinct from each other and forming a subclade with other species of the genus Thaparocleidus Jain, 1952. Secondary-structure models of the large subunit rDNA of the two species were also predicted using a combined comparative and thermodynamic approach. Molecular morphometric and phylogenetic relationships of the isolates of the Thaparocleidus species are discussed in detail.
In vitro anthelmintic activity of crude extracts of selected medicinal plants against Haemonchus contortus from sheep
Authors: Ahmed M. , Laing M.D. , Nsahlai I.V. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEthanol extracts of 25 plant species were screened for anthelmintic effects against Haemonchus contortus. Ethanol extracts of each plant were used at various concentrations (10, 20 and 30%) to treat 10-day faecal cultures, incubated at 27°C with control cultures which were treated with ethanol for 48 h. Five plants with high efficacies (Ananas comosus, Aloe ferox, Allium sativum, Lespedeza cuneata and Warburgia salutaris) were selected from the first screening for further investigation using ethanol, dichloromethane and water extracts at four concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 and 20%). Ethanol was the most effective solvent. Larval counts decreased with increasing extract concentrations, of which 10 and 20% had similar effects. Lespedeza cuneata caused more than 70% mortality at all concentrations. However, there remains a need to assess in vivo efficacy of these plants.
Seasonal variation in breeding Rüppell’s Vultures Gyps rueppellii at Kwenia, southern Kenya and implications for conservation
Authors: VIRANI MUNIR Z. , MONADJEM ARA , THOMSETT SIMON , KENDALL CORINNE 
Published: March 2012

SummaryVulture populations have been declining globally and regionally within Africa. Rüppell’s Vulture Gyps rueppellii is currently listed as ‘Near Threatened’ and numbers of the species, along with African White-backed Vultures G. africanus, have declined by 52% in and around the Mara-Serengeti ecosystem. A large breeding colony of Rüppell’s Vulture at Kwenia, southern Kenya, was monitored between 2002 and 2009. Around 150–200 adults were present on each visit, with up to 64 simultaneously active nests. The date of egg-laying differed considerably between years, with two discrete breeding attempts in some years. Nests were not positioned randomly across the cliff face and the number of active nests was related to rainfall in the previous year. The large ungulate migration of the Mara-Serengeti provides a vital foraging ground for the species. Conservation implications of the loss of vultures are discussed.
Influence of Pb(II) Concentration and pH of Acetate Buffer on the Potential Window of a Lead Film Electrode: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study
Authors: Tyszczuk-Rotko Katarzyna 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) studies on observations of lead films deposited from the solutions containing an acetate buffer and different concentration of Pb(II) are presented. AFM images show considerable variability in morphology of the deposited lead layer depending on experimental conditions. To investigate effects of the Pb(II) concentration and pH of the supporting electrolyte on the accessible potential window of the lead film electrode (PbFE), voltammetric techniques were used. It was found that the useful potential window of PbFE is affected by the pH and Pb(II) concentration. Additionally, it was found that the distribution and large size of Pb particles on the electrode surface shown by AFM corresponded well to the mass of Pb expected on the glassy carbon support with respect to the voltammetric data. Results reveal that PbFE is an attractive nonmercury metallic electrode suitable for electrochemical detection of metal ions and a lot of organic compounds in a wide potential window. The accessible potential window of the PbFE in an acetate buffer (pH = 5.0) was compared to those obtained at the bismuth film electrode and antimony film electrode.
Quantifying volcanic ash dispersal and impact of the Campanian Ignimbrite super‐eruption
Authors: Costa A. , Folch A. , Macedonio G. , Giaccio B. , Isaia R. , Smith V. C. 
Published: March 2012

We apply a novel computational approach to assess, for the first time, volcanic ash dispersal during the Campanian Ignimbrite (Italy) super‐eruption providing insights into eruption dynamics and the impact of this gigantic event. The method uses a 3D time‐dependent computational ash dispersion model, a set of wind fields, and more than 100 thickness measurements of the CI tephra deposit. Results reveal that the CI eruption dispersed 250–300 km3 of ash over ∼3.7 million km2. The injection of such a large quantity of ash (and volatiles) into the atmosphere would have caused a volcanic winter during the Heinrich Event 4, the coldest and driest climatic episode of the Last Glacial period. Fluorine‐bearing leachate from the volcanic ash and acid rain would have further affected food sources and severely impacted Late Middle‐Early Upper Paleolithic groups in Southern and Eastern Europe.
The dependence of the coupled magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere system on the Earth's magnetic dipole moment
Authors: Cnossen Ingrid , Richmond Arthur D. , Wiltberger Michael 
Published: March 2012

The strength of the Earth's magnetic field changes over time. We use simulations with the Coupled Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere‐Thermosphere model to investigate how the magnetosphere, upper atmosphere, and solar quiet (Sq) geomagnetic variation respond as the geomagnetic dipole moment M varies between 2⋅1022 and 10⋅1022 Am2. We find that the magnetopause stand‐off distance and the cross‐polar cap potential increase, while the polar cap size decreases, with increasing M. Their dependence on M is stronger than predicted by previous studies. We also show for the first time that the shape of the magnetosphere starts to change for M ≤ 4⋅1022 Am2. This may be due to enhanced magnetopause erosion and/or to strong changes in the ionospheric conductance, which affect the field‐aligned currents and the magnetic fields they create in the magnetosphere, thus modifying the magnetic pressure inside the magnetosphere. E × B drift velocities, Joule heating power, the global mean thermospheric temperature and the global mean height of the peak of the ionospheric F2 layer, hmF2, all increase with increasing M for low dipole moments, but all decrease with increasing M for larger dipole moments. The peak electron density of the F2 layer, NmF2, shows the opposite behavior. The Sq amplitude decreases with increasing M and this dependence can be roughly described by a power law scaling. Most scaling relations show a weak dependence on the solar activity level, which is likely associated with a change in the relative contributions to the Pedersen conductance from the upper and lower ionosphere, which scale differently with M.
A new outlook towards kidney injuries
Authors: Satwekar Mahesh , Satwekar Abhijeet 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAcute and chronic progression of injury to the kidney leads to the failure of the renal system and has become an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality. Present diagnosis detects the condition only after irreversible loss of 70 percent of kidney function. Current research is focused only on the clinical manifestations after the kidney injuries and not towards the exact cause of the condition. Here we propose a new outlook- that there is an involvement of a pathogen in the pathogenesis of kidney injuries. Basis for our proposal is given by the similarity of the pathogenesis events occurring between a classical example of hepatitis and kidney injuries. Furthermore, literature regarding the role of early kidney injury biomarkers in innate immunity indicates the involvement of the pathogen. Research in this theme possesses a strong possibility in the development of therapeutic, preventive and management strategies for the acute and chronic kidney injuries.
Lowth Holdings in Winchester College
Authors: Day Geoffrey , Foster Suzanne 
Published: March 2012

Summary
This paper presents an overview of the Lowth holdings in Winchester College, which Robert Lowth (1710–1787) had attended as a ‘scholar’ between 1722 and 1729. The holdings include Lowth’s own gifts and bequests, various gifts by others (comprising five copies of The Short Introduction to English Grammar), as well as a large collection of Lowthiana.
Involvement of parathyroid hormone‐related protein in vascular calcification of chronic haemodialysis patients
Authors: LIU FANG , FU PING , FAN WENXING , GOU RONG , HUANG YOUQUN , QIU HONGYU , ZHONG HUI , HUANG SONGMIN 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT:Aims:  To investigate the role of parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) in vascular calcification of patients with chronic hemodialysis.Methods:  The inferior epigastric arteries were obtained from 23 patients on chronic haemodialysis and 16 patients with renal carcinoma as control. Haematoxylin‐eosin staining, elastic fibre staining, Alizarin Red calcium staining and immunohistochemical staining of PTHrP, bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), Cbfa1/Runx2 were performed. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to examine mRNA expressions of PTHrP, BMP‐2 and Cbfa1/Runx2. Western blot and real‐time PCR were used to detect the effects of PTHrP‐siRNA and rh‐PTHrP‐1–34 on the expressions of PTHrP, BMP‐2 and Cbfa1/Runx2 in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and intracellular calcium content in HASMCs were assessed after treatment with 10 mmol/L β‐glycerol phosphoric acid for 48 h.Results:  Vascular calcification was confirmed in 78.2% of patients on chronic haemodialysis, and the expressions of PTHrP, BMP‐2 and Cbfa1 in the arteries were significantly upregulated. PTHrP‐siRNA could downregulate the expression of PTHrP by 60%, BMP‐2 by 25% and Cbfa1 by 25% at 24 h (P < 0.05). Exogenous rh‐PTHrP‐1–34 could upregulate the expressions of BMP‐2 and Cbfa1 by 1.37‐fold and 1.46‐fold, respectively, at 24 h in a time‐independent manner (P < 0.05), which were attenuated by PTHrP‐siRNA. Moreover, it could promote intracellular calcium deposition and increase ALP activities, which were partially blocked by PTHrP‐siRNA (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  Vascular calcification was common in patients with chronic haemodialysis, to which PTHrP might contribute by activating BMP‐2/ Cbfa1 signalling pathway.
Proving One's Manliness: Masculine Self‐perceptions of Austrian Deserters in the Second World War
Authors: Fritsche Maria 
Published: March 2012

While important work has been produced on discourses of masculinity and the normative masculine ideals in nineteenth‐ and twentieth‐century Europe we know very little about the actual experiences and self‐images of individual men. This article, largely based on oral history interviews with former deserters, analyses the gendered identities of Austrian men who were recruited to serve in the Wehrmacht and who later deserted.Deserters were brutally persecuted in the Third Reich and denounced as ‘traitors’ and ‘cowards’. The glorification of martial masculinity in Nazi Germany played a crucial role in the defamation of deserters, whose manliness was called into question. Based on Connell's theory of hegemonic masculinity, the article aims to establish the actual influence of dominant ideals of masculinity. It investigates how these deserters perceived themselves as men and how they negotiated their gendered identities in interaction with their surroundings. The analysis reveals the considerable influence of the hegemonic ideal of ‘hard’ masculinity, which was far greater than the impact of the rather short‐lived ideal of martial masculinity. But it also demonstrates the contradictory nature of gendered identities and gives valuable insights into the selective appropriation of masculine values.
Muscles, Nerves, and Sex: The Contradictions of the Medical Approach to Female Bodies in Movement in France, 1847–1914
Authors: Quin Grégory , Bohuon Anaïs 
Published: March 2012

From the early nineteenth century in France, the treatment of hysteria was connected to both physical and moral development. As a result, therapeutic treatments envisaged by medical practitioners were influenced by and related to the formulation of precepts of medical gymnastics. This article considers how ‘physical education’ for women became part of medical discourse, specifically the elaboration of ‘body treatment’ as a remedy against nervous disorders including hysteria.From the Second Republic (1848) to the years of the belle epoque (1914), the discourse concerning the medical cause of ‘hysterical madness’ is marked by the progressive discrediting of reflections that located the causes of pathology in the genitals. However, the shaping of a neuro‐cerebral etiology did not fully replace discussions of the relationship between hysteria, female bodies and the uterus. While the current historiography emphasises the participation of doctors in the production and legitimation of physical exercises in the nineteenth century, some aspects of this process are not yet fully explored. We examine the ambivalences of medical discourse, between the rhetoric of the eternally wounded woman and the need to develop women's abilities (intellectual, moral, and physical) to ensure healthy children. And despite the shadows that still obscure the etiology of nervous disorders, there is, in our period, a genuine dynamic favouring experimental therapeutics. The ‘movement disorders’, such as chorea, hysteria or neurasthenia, were handled by increasingly well‐established regimes utilising physical exercise. The introduction of gymnastics in the hospital played a fundamental role in this process; it enabled experimentation and lent legitimacy to physical exercise as therapy.
Investigating the safety of medication administration in adult critical care settings
Authors: Mansour Mansour , James Veronica , Edgley Alison 
Published: March 2012

Background: Medication errors are recognized causes of patient morbidity and mortality in hospital settings, and can occur at any stage of the medication management process. Medication administration errors are reported to occur more frequently in critical care settings, and can be associated with severe consequences. However, patient safety research tends to focus on accident causations rather than organizational factors which enhance patient safety and health care resilience to unsafe practice. The Organizational Safety Space Model was developed for high‐risk industries to investigate factors that influence organizational safety. Its application in health care settings may offer a unique approach to understand organizational safety in the health care context, particularly in investigating the safety of medication administration in adult critical care settings.Purpose: This literature review explores the development and use of the Organizational Safety Space Model in the industrial context, and considers its application in investigating the safety of medication administration in adult critical care settings.Search strategies (inclusion and exclusion criteria): CINAHL, Medline, British Nursing Index (BNI) and PsychInfo databases were searched for peer‐reviewed papers, published in English, from 1970 to 2011 with relevance to organizational safety and medication administration in critical care, using the key words: organization, safety, nurse, critical care and medication administration. Archaeological searching, including grey literature and governmental documents, was also carried out. From the identified 766 articles, 51 studies were considered relevant.Conclusion: The Organizational Safety Space Model offers a productive, conceptual system framework to critically analyse the wider organizational issues, which may influence the safety of medication administration and organizational resilience to accidents. However, the model needs to be evaluated for its application in health care settings in general and critical care in particular. Nurses would offer a valuable insight in explaining how the Organizational Safety Space Model can be used to analyse the organizational contributions towards medication administration in adult critical care settings.
EXAMINATION OF INCUBATION CONDITIONS FOR PRODUCTION OF HERICIUM ERINACEUM
Authors: OKUMURA RYOSUKE , SASAKI CHIZURU , ASADA CHIKAKO , NAKAMURA YOSHITOSHI 
Published: March 2012

Basidiomycetes has recently attracted considerable attention for its various physiological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant and immunostimulating activities. Compounds isolated from fruit body of Hericium erinaceum, commonly called Yamabushitake in Japan, have interesting biological activities such as cytotoxic effectors on cancer cell ( HeLa cells) and stimulators of synthesis of nerve growth factor. It is necessary for the cultivation of the fruit body of mushroom to control light, temperature, humidity. Otherwise, mycelia cultivation needs only temperature control. H. erinaceum cultivated by submerged culture have similar physiological activities to the fruit body of H. erinaceum, which suggests cultured mycelia can potentially become a promoter of synthesis of nerve growth factor. In this study, we used whey which is by-products of cheese-making process as an alternative nitrogen source in submerged cultivation of H. erinaceum mycelia, and then dry cell weight (DCW) and DCW productivity of whey medium were compared with those of chemical nutrient medium. When whey was used as a nitrogen source, DCW and DCW productivity are 1.5 times higher than those of chemical nutrient medium, 5.99 g/L and 0.60 g/L/day, respectively. It was suggested that whey could be used as an alternative nitrogen source and a growth promoting factor in H. erinaceum mycelia cultivation.