bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of Sorafenib Toxicity and Exposure over Time: A Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis
Authors: Boudou-Rouquette Pascaline , Ropert Stanislas , Mir Olivier , Coriat Romain , Billemont Bertrand , Tod Michel , Cabanes Laure , Franck Nathalie , Blanchet Benoit , Goldwasser François 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the profile of severe toxicities in patients treated with sorafenib.Summarize the pharmacokinetics of sorafenib-induced toxicities.Identify predictive factors for early and delayed toxicities in patients treated with sorafenib.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Background.
Sorafenib displays major interpatient pharmacokinetic variability. It is unknown whether the pharmacokinetics of sorafenib influence its toxicity.

Methods.
We analyzed the severity and kinetics of sorafenib-induced toxicities in unselected consecutive patients with cancer, as well as their relationship with biological, clinical, and pharmacokinetic parameters. Toxicity was recorded bimonthly. Sorafenib plasma concentrations were assessed by liquid chromatography.

Results.
For 83 patients (median age, 62 years; range, 21–84 years), median sorafenib 12-hour area under the curve (AUC0–12) was 52.8 mg · h/L (range: 11.8–199.6). A total of 51 patients (61%) experienced grade 3–4 toxicities, including hand-foot skin reactions (23%), asthenia (18%), and diarrhea (11%). Sorafenib AUC0–12 preceding grade 3–4 toxicities was significantly higher than that observed in the remaining population (61.9 mg · h/L vs. 53 mg · h/L). In 25 patients treated with fixed doses of sorafenib for the first 4 months, median dose-normalized AUC0–12 on day 120 was significantly lower than on day 15 (63 vs. 102 mg · h/L). The incidence of hypertension and hand-foot skin reactions significantly decreased over time.

Conclusion.
Sorafenib AUC0–12 decreases over time, similarly to the incidence of hypertension and hand-foot skin reactions. Monitoring of sorafenib plasma concentrations may help to prevent acute severe toxicities and detect patients with suboptimal exposure at disease progression.
Shooting for Assurance: The Case of Blazing Arrow Speed
Authors: Schmidt Regan N. , Phillips Fred 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT
Designed to be used in an undergraduate audit and assurance course, this case introduces students to the concept of assurance. Students are asked to consider an engagement in which they would provide a written statement about the performance of an archery equipment manufacturer's products. The case encourages students to consider a variety of engagements that a public accountant may provide a client, and to achieve specific learning outcomes including increased familiarity with attestation standards, engagement criteria, objectivity, and professional skepticism. The analysis may be completed in a single class, and can be useful either at the start of the course to provide an introduction to attestation or at the end of the course to differentiate attestation engagements from traditional financial statement audits.
Kinetics and thermodynamics of gossypol extraction from defatted cottonseed meal by ethanol
Authors: Saxena Devesh , Sharma Surendra , Sambi Surinder 
Published: July 2012

Kinetics and thermodynamics of gossypol extraction from defatted cottonseed meal by ethanol
Gossypol is polyphenolic aldehyde, a toxic substance naturally present in cotton plant to protect it from insects, pests and diseases. Maximum gossypol is concentrated in the seed. After extraction of oil from the cottonseed, the defatted cottonseed meal which contains both the gossypol and proteinous matter is left behind. A number of attempts have been made using different solvents to extract gossypol from the seeds. However, all these efforts have remained in the realm of academic activity only as none of them could be commercialized. If a pilot plant or commercial scale plant is to be developed then the data on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the extraction process is required. In this study ethanol has been used as the solvent at temperature below 323K for removal of gossypol from the defatted seed. This study finds the effects of parameters viz. temperature, solvent to solid ratio (SR) and extraction time on the gossypol extraction efficiency. The data obtained are used to establish the kinetics and thermodynamics of the extraction process.
Heterogeneous photocatalytic removal and reaction kinetics of Rhodamine-B dye with Au loaded TiO2 nanohybrid catalysts
Authors: Zhang Dongfang 
Published: July 2012

Heterogeneous photocatalytic removal and reaction kinetics of Rhodamine-B dye with Au loaded TiO2 nanohybrid catalysts
Heterogeneous photocatalytic removal of Rhodamine-B (RhB) dye by metallic Au nanopatrticles deposited TiO2 photocatalyst was studied. For this study, a chemical reduction method by hydrazine hydrate for gold deposition was employed in order to synthesize Au/TiO2 nanocomposite system. For the characterization of the synthesized nanomaterials, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), the Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PLS) techniques were performed. The obtained results show that the deposition of gold onto TiO2 surface could effectively inhibit the recombination of the photoinduced electron and holes, improving the absorption capability for the visible light source and leading to the increased surface OH group density. The degradation experiment reveals that the efficiency of color removal from RhB aqueous solution containing Au/TiO2 powders for the photocatalytic bleaching of RhB dye is more efficient than that of bare TiO2 sample upon UV-vis light activation. In addition, degradation kinetics of RhB dye in aqueous suspensions can be well simulated by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and obeys the pseudo-first order law, with a decolorization rate of 0.0252 min-1 to the photocatalytic removal of RhB dye.
Extraction of vanadium and potassium compounds from the spent vanadium catalyst from the metallurgical plant
Authors: Mazurek Krzysztof 
Published: July 2012

Extraction of vanadium and potassium compounds from the spent vanadium catalyst from the metallurgical plant
A spent vanadium catalyst, from the plant of metallurgical type, was leached in a sulfuric acid solution to recover vanadium and potassium compounds. The effect of time, temperature, concentration of acid, catalyst particle size and phase ratio was studied. Additionally the concentration of iron, copper, zinc, arsenic and lead compounds was determined. The flow sheet for the proposed process of spent vanadium catalyst leaching is presented.
Influence of e-beam irradiation on the chemical and crystal structure of poly(aliphatic/aromatic-ester) multiblock thermoplastic elastomers
Authors: El Fray Miroslawa , Piątek-Hnat Marta , Puskas Judit , Foreman-Orlowski Elizabeth 
Published: July 2012

Influence of e-beam irradiation on the chemical and crystal structure of poly(aliphatic/aromatic-ester) multiblock thermoplastic elastomers
Poly(aliphatic/aromatic-ester) (PED) multiblock copolymers belong to the class of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), characterized by a physical network of semi-crystalline hard segments. The PEDs were modified with e-beam to create an additional network structure. Polymers were evaluated using SEC, WAXS, DSC and quasi-static tensile tests. E-beam irradiation induced a significant increase of molecular weight and tensile strength of the PEDs. This effect, together with the diminished degree of crystallinity can be explained by the formation of chemical crosslinks, which are located in the hard phase segments.
Synthesis, characterization and analytical applications of chelating resin containing orcinol
Authors: Shah Bhavna , Shah Ajay , Patel Nayan , Shah Pathik 
Published: July 2012

Synthesis, characterization and analytical applications of chelating resin containing orcinol
A chelating resin based on Salicylic acid-Formaldehyde copolymer, containing Orcinol (SFO), has been synthesized and characterized on the basis of Elemental Analysis, Particle Size Distribution, FT-IR Analysis, XRD, SEM and Optical Photographs. The Physico-Chemical properties have been studied. This resin is highly stable in acidic and alkaline solutions and has been studied as a chelating sorbent for heavy metal ions and transition metal ions. The Exchange capacity order is Ni(II) > Cu(II) > Zn(II) > Cd(II) > Pb(II). The effect of nature and concentration of different electrolytes on distribution coefficient (Kd) for metal ions have been investigated. Separation of synthetic mixtures containing Cu(II)-Pb(II), Ni(II)-Cd(II) and Brass constituents has been carried out using a column prepared from the synthesized chelating resin. The developed procedure was also tested for the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from natural water of Purna River near by Navsari, Gujarat, India.
New Data on the Subfamily Otitinae (Diptera, Ulidiidae) in the Fauna of Iran
Authors: Namin S. , Nozari J. , Najarpoor A. 
Published: July 2012

New Data on the Subfamily Otitinae (Diptera, Ulidiidae) in the Fauna of IranAs a result of studies on picture-wing flies of the subfamily Otitinae in 2008-2011,Ceroxys robusta(Loew),C. munda(Loew),Herina rivosecchiiMerz,Melieria subapennina(Rondani) andMyennis octopunctata(Coquebert) are recorded for the first time from Iran, andH. rivosecchiiis recorded for the first time from Asia.
The First Geogarypid (Pseudoscorpiones, Geogarypidae) in Rovno Amber (Ukraine)
Authors: Henderickx H. , Perkovsky E. 
Published: July 2012

The First Geogarypid (Pseudoscorpiones, Geogarypidae) in Rovno Amber (Ukraine)The firstGeogarypusfound in Rovno amber appears to be conspecific withGeogarypus gorskiiHenderickx 2005, a species known from Eocene Baltic amber.
Critical Reviews of Load Flow Methods for Well, Ill and Unsolvable Condition
Authors: Shahriari Amidaddin , Mokhlis Hazlie , Bakar Ab 
Published: July 2012

Critical Reviews of Load Flow Methods for Well, Ill and Unsolvable ConditionThis paper presents a critical review of Load flow methods in well, ill and unsolvable conditioned systems. The comparison studies deals with multiple load flow solution (MLFS), second-order load-flow (SOLF) and continuation load flow (CLF). The ability of theses method to return from unsolvable solution to a solvable solution in load flow analysis is analyzed and discuss thoroughly. Special attention is given to the problems and techniques to provide optimal recommendations of the parameters that are used in these load flow methods. A part of the reviews, this paper also presents the comparison of numerical result using different type of aforesaid load flow methods for well and ill-conditioned systems.
Investigation of Error Concealment Using Different Transform Codings and Multiple Description Codings
Authors: Farzamnia Ali , Syed-Yusof Sharifah , Fisal Norsheila , Abu-Bakar Syed 
Published: July 2012

Investigation of Error Concealment Using Different Transform Codings and Multiple Description CodingsThere has been increasing usage of Multiple Description Coding (MDC) for error concealment in non-ideal channels. A lot of ideas have been masterminded for MDC method up to now. This paper described the attempts to conceal the error and reconstruct the lost descriptions caused by combining MDC and lapped orthogonal transform (LOT). In this work LOT and other transforms codings (DCT and wavelet) are used to decorrelate the image pixels in the transform domain. LOT has better performance at low bit rates in comparison to DCT and wavelet transform. The results show that MSE for the proposed methods in comparison to DCT and wavelet have decreased significantly. The PSNR values of reconstructed images are high. The subjective evaluation of image is very good and clear. Furthermore, the standard deviations of reconstructed images are very small especially in low capacity channels.
Method for Evaluation of Outage Probability on Random Access Channel in Mobile Communication Systems
Authors: Kollár Martin 
Published: July 2012

Method for Evaluation of Outage Probability on Random Access Channel in Mobile Communication Systems
In order to access the cell in all mobile communication technologies a so called random-access procedure is used. For example in GSM this is represented by sending the CHANNEL REQUEST message from Mobile Station (MS) to Base Transceiver Station (BTS) which is consequently forwarded as an CHANNEL REQUIRED message to the Base Station Controller (BSC). If the BTS decodes some noise on the Random Access Channel (RACH) as random access by mistake (so- called ‘phantom RACH') then it is a question of pure coincidence which èstablishment cause’ the BTS thinks to have recognized. A typical invalid channel access request or phantom RACH is characterized by an IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT procedure (assignment of an SDCCH or TCH) which is not followed by sending an ESTABLISH INDICATION from MS to BTS. In this paper a mathematical model for evaluation of the Power RACH Busy Threshold (RACHBT) in order to guaranty in advance determined outage probability on RACH is described and discussed as well. It focuses on Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) however the obtained results can be generalized on remaining mobile technologies (ie WCDMA and LTE).
The effect of propagation term and method on the growth and fresh herb productivity of sage and balm cultivated in pots
Authors: Capecka Ewa 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The growing of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in pots for the purpose of obtaining fresh culinary herbs was conducted during four terms from spring to autumn. The objective was to determine the possibility of using stem cuttings taken at different developmental stages of the mother plants and to compare this method of plant propagation with that based on seeds. The period of sage growth was shorter when it was raised from cuttings than from seeds. In the case of balm, the use of cuttings was more effective than generative propagation in the period from summer to autumn. In both species, the best results of rooting were achieved when cuttings were taken before plant flowering in spring and after flowering in August. The poorest balm rooting was recorded when taking cuttings at plant flowering, and at flowering and after flowering in July for sage.
Winter frost injury of buds on one-year-old grapevine shoots of Vitis vinifera cultivars and interspecific hybrids in Poland
Authors: Lisek Jerzy 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Following the winter of 2009/2010, an assessment of frost damage was carried out on the vines of 40 wine cultivars and 32 table grape cultivars grown in central Poland (Skierniewice, latitude 51° 57' N, longitude 20° 08' E). The minimum winter temperature of -28.1°C was recorded on 26 January 2010. Cultivars were assigned to five classes of different frost tolerance, according to information on the percentage of frozen buds: very resistant (below 1.9%), resistant (2 - 24.9%), medium susceptible (25 - 74.9%), susceptible (75 - 95.9%) and very susceptible (above 96%). The numbers of wine and table cultivars in each class were as follows: very resistant - 5 (wine) and 3 (table), resistant - 2 and 5, medium susceptible - 15 and 10, susceptible - 13 and 9 and very susceptible - 5 and 5. The most tolerant were the ‘Alwood’, ‘Delaware’, ‘Fredonia’ and ‘Zilga’ interspecific hybrids of the Vitis labruscana group; the ‘Aurore’, ‘Marechal Foch’ and ‘Leon Millot’ hybrids originating from V. vinifera, V. rupestris, V. riparia and V. lincecumii and ‘Sibera’ originating from V. vinifera and V. amurensis. More than 96% of buds froze on the vines of some interspecific hybrids (‘Arkadia’, ‘Fanny’, ‘Kodrianka’ and ‘Lilla’). ‘Ortega’, ‘Nektar’, ‘Cserszegi Fueszeres’, ‘Riesling’ and ‘Chasselas Dore’ from the V. vinifera cultivars showed the best tolerance to frost damage (42.5-62% of frozen buds). The buds of the V. vinifera cultivars ‘Acolon’, ‘Dakapo’ and ‘Favorit’ all froze. Plant parts covered with soil and snow were not exposed to significant damage, even in the case of susceptible cultivars.
Novel microsatellite loci for Agave parryi and cross‐amplification in Agave palmeri (Agavaceae)
Authors: Lindsay Denise L. , Edwards Christine E. , Jung Michael G. , Bailey Pamela , Lance Richard F. 
Published: July 2012

• Premise of the study: To examine the foraging behavior of nectarivorous bats in southeastern Arizona, we developed microsatellite primers in Agave parryi. These markers were also tested for cross‐amplification and applicability to assess patterns of genetic diversity and structure in A. palmeri.• Methods and Results: Utilizing DNA sequence data from 454 shotgun sequencing, we identified seven novel polymorphic microsatellite loci in A. parryi and screened them for cross‐amplification in A. palmeri. These markers were characterized in two populations of 30 individuals each for each species. In A. parryi, all primers were polymorphic and amplified between three and 12 alleles per population. In A. palmeri, all primers amplified, six were polymorphic, and allelic diversity ranged from one to 16 alleles per population.• Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the applicability of these microsatellite primers for population genetics studies in both A. parryi and A. palmeri.
Transhumanisme versus bioconservateurs
Authors: Alexandre Laurent 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Derrière la convergence NBIC (nanotechnologies, biotechnologies, intelligence artificielle, sciences cognitives), une philosophie de transformation radicale de l’humanité – le transhumanisme – rêve de changer l’homme. Les potentialités technologiques sont illimitées : c’est le résultat de la confrontation entre bioprogressistes (les transhumanistes) et bioconservateurs qui déterminera ce que nous deviendrons. Les nanotechnologies, la biologie, l’informatique et les sciences cognitives (intelligence artificielle et sciences du cerveau) progressent et convergent, les découvertes dans un domaine servant aux recherches dans un autre. Cette synergie décuplera la puissance de la recherche et permettra des avancées spectaculaires. Une médecine de combat utilisant toutes les armes NBIC pour entretenir l’usine de nos cellules est déjà sur les rails.
Télémédecine sous X ? Pourquoi prolonger cette protection individuelle historique ?
Authors: Béranger Jérôme , Servy Hervé , Le Coz Pierre , Tervé Pierre 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Alors que le secret médical est un fondamental depuis l’Antiquité, le droit français a créé la possibilité pour le patient d’invoquer une protection supplémentaire : le « sous x ». Historiquement liée à des contraintes sociales (accouchement des grossesses non désirées au XIX e siècle), elle est redevenue contemporaine avec des pathologies telles que le sida. Fondée sur l’idée que l’individu a la possibilité de se doter d’une protection en cas de défaillance de la chaîne du secret médical, cette idée est d’autant plus actuelle que les risques de fuite de données non contrôlées sont en augmentation avec l’importance croissante du recours aux technologies de l’information. Les auteurs reviennent sur l’histoire de cette liberté face à l’obligation du respect du secret médical, examinent les nouveaux risques technologiques avec prospective, enfin proposent des pistes pour une application en télémédecine de cette liberté individuelle qui a longtemps semblé fondamentale.
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Induce the Generation of Novel IL-10–Dependent Regulatory Dendritic Cells by SOCS3 Activation
Authors: Liu Xingxia , Qu Xuebin , Chen Yuan , Liao Lianming , Cheng Kai , Shao Changshun , Zenke Martin , Keating Armand , Zhao Robert C. H. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Suppression of immune response by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is well documented. However, their regulatory effects on immune cells, especially regulatory dendritic cells, are not fully understood. We have identified a novel Sca-1+Lin−CD117− MSC population isolated from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) that suppressed lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. Moreover, the Sca-1+Lin−CD117− MEF-MSCs induced hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to differentiate into novel regulatory dendritic cells (DCs) (Sca-1+Lin−CD117− MEF-MSC–induced DCs) when cocultured in the absence of exogenous cytokines. Small interfering RNA silencing showed that Sca-1+Lin−CD117− MEF-MSCs induced the generation of Sca-1+Lin−CD117− MEF-MSC–induced DCs via IL-10–activated SOCS3, whose expression was regulated by the JAK–STAT pathway. We observed a high degree of H3K4me3 modification mediated by MLL1 and a relatively low degree of H3K27me3 modification regulated by SUZ12 on the promoter of SOCS3 during SOCS3 activation. Importantly, infusion of Sca-1+CD117−Lin− MEF-MSCs suppressed the inflammatory response by increasing DCs with a regulatory phenotype. Thus, our results shed new light on the role of MSCs in modulating regulatory DC production and support the clinical application of MSCs to reduce the inflammatory response in numerous disease states.
Extracellular ATP Exerts Opposite Effects on Activated and Regulatory CD4+ T Cells via Purinergic P2 Receptor Activation
Authors: Trabanelli Sara , Očadlíková Darina , Gulinelli Sara , Curti Antonio , Salvestrini Valentina , de Paula Vieira Rodolfo , Idzko Marco , Di Virgilio Francesco , Ferrari Davide , Lemoli Roberto M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIt has been reported that ATP inhibits or stimulates lymphoid cell proliferation depending on the cellular subset analyzed. In this study, we show that ATP exerts strikingly opposite effects on anti-CD3/CD28–activated and regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs), based on nucleotide concentration. We demonstrate that physiological concentrations of extracellular ATP (1–50 nM) do not affect activated CD4+ T cells and Tregs. Conversely, higher ATP concentrations have a bimodal effect on activated CD4+ T cells. Whereas 250 nM ATP stimulates proliferation, cytokine release, expression of adhesion molecules, and adhesion, 1 mM ATP induces apoptosis and inhibits activated CD4+ T cell functions. The expression analysis and pharmacological profile of purinergic P2 receptors for extracellular nucleotides suggest that activated CD4+ T cells are induced to apoptosis via the upregulation and engagement of P2X7R and P2X4R. On the contrary, 1 mM ATP enhances proliferation, adhesion, migration, via P2Y2R activation, and immunosuppressive ability of Tregs. Similar results were obtained when activated CD4+ T cells and Tregs were exposed to ATP released by necrotized leukemic cells. Taken together, our results show that different concentrations of extracellular ATP modulate CD4+ T cells according to their activated/regulatory status. Because extracellular ATP concentration highly increases in fast-growing tumors or hyperinflamed tissues, the manipulation of purinergic signaling might represent a new therapeutic target to shift the balance between activated CD4+ T cells and Tregs.
On the Continuity of the Eigenvalues of a Sublaplacian
Authors: Aribi Amine , Dragomir Sorin , El Soufi Ahmad 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe study the behavior of the eigenvalues of a sublaplacian Δb on a compact strictly pseudoconvex CR manifold M, as functions on the set P+ of positively oriented contact forms on M by endowing P+ with a natural metric topology.