bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fashioning Piety: Women's Dress, Money, and Faith among Senegalese Muslims in New York City
Authors: BUGGENHAGEN BETH 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMany Senegalese women migrate to make a living and build themselves up. The distance enables them to resist daily demands on their income and makes it possible for them to save and to invest in long term projects such as home building, their children's education, and family and religious celebrations. Yet, social criticism often blames women for the problems of marriage: such as the high divorce rate, infidelity, and financial squabbling between spouses. In this paper, I focus on the religious aspects of women's migration; I argue that Murid women deflect criticism of their wealth earned abroad by investing in the signs and symbols of a Muslim Sufi congregation. By visiting (ziyara), dressing up (sañse), and donating generously to shaykhs (addiya), Murid women display their wealth, convey the strength of their social networks, and construct themselves as candidates for salvation. Murid women engage in the global economy and preserve their distinctively Murid vision of the world and their place in it. Is it possible to understand their global engagement as a form of cosmopolitanism, as a practice and a form of consciousness, which is rooted in history and which is universal? The restructuring of the Senegalese state under neoliberal reform and its aftermath in the 1990s and into 2000 has made Muslim global networks important to livelihoods at home and yet, Muslim networks have come under scrutiny globally as the U.S. led Global War on Terror lingers on.
Bone‐to‐implant contact after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with Bio‐Oss and autogenous bone in different ratios in mini pigs
Authors: Jensen Thomas , Schou Søren , Gundersen Hans Jørgen G. , Forman Julie Lyng , Terheyden Hendrik , Holmstrup Palle 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to test the hypotheses: (i) no differences in bone‐to‐implant contact formation, and (ii) no differences between the use of autogenous mandibular or iliac bone grafts, when autogenous bone, Bio‐Oss mixed with autogenous bone, or Bio‐Oss is used as graft for the maxillary sinus floor augmentation.Material and methodsBilateral sinus floor augmentation was performed in 40 mini pigs with: (A) 100% autogenous bone, (B) 75% autogenous bone and 25% Bio‐Oss, (C) 50% autogenous bone and 50% Bio‐Oss, (D) 25% autogenous bone and 75% Bio‐Oss, or (E) 100% Bio‐Oss. Autogenous bone was harvested from the iliac crest or the mandible and the graft composition was selected at random and placed concomitant with the implant placement. The animals were euthanized 12 weeks after surgery. Bone‐to‐implant contact was estimated by stereological methods and summarized as median percentage with 95% confidence interval (CI). Bone‐to‐implant contact formation was evaluated by fluorochrome labelling and assessed by median odds ratios (OR) with 95% (CI).ResultsMedian bone‐to‐implant contact was: (A) 42.9% (95% CI: 32.1–54.5%), (B) 37.8% (95% CI: 27.1–49.9%), (C) 43.9% (95% CI: 32.6–55.9%), (D) 30.2% (95% CI: 21.6–40.3%), and (E) 13.9% (95% CI: 11.4–16.9%). Bone‐to‐implant contact was significantly higher for A, B, C, D as compared to E (P < 0.0001). Bone‐to‐implant contact was not significantly influenced by the ratio of Bio‐Oss and autogenous bone (P = 0.19) or the origin of the autogenous bone (P = 0.72). Fluorochrome labelling revealed extensive variation in bone‐to‐implant contact formation over time. The labelling at weeks 2–3 was significantly increased with A compared to E (OR = 8.1 CI: 5.0–13.1, P < 0.0001), whereas E showed a significantly increased labelling at weeks 8–9 compared to A (OR = 0.5 CI: 0.3–0.7, P = 0.0028).ConclusionsThe hypothesis of no differences in bone‐to‐implant contact between the various treatment modalities was rejected since the bone‐to‐implant contact was significantly increased with autogenous bone or Bio‐Oss mixed with autogenous bone as compared to Bio‐Oss. Early bone‐to‐implant contact formation was more advanced with autogenous bone. No differences between the use of mandibular or iliac bone grafts were observed since the bone‐to‐implant contact was not significantly influenced by the origin of the bone graft.
The Immunohistochemical Analysis of Antigens such as RCAS1 and B7H4 in the Cervical Cancer Nest and within the Fibroblasts and Macrophages Infiltrating the Cancer Microenvironment
Authors: Galazka Krystyna , Opławski Marcin , Windorbska Wiesława , Skret‐Magierlo Joanna , Koper Krzysztof , Basta Paweł , Mach Paweł , Dutch‐Wicherek Magdalena , Mazur Aleksandra , Wicherek Lukasz 
Published: April 2012

IntroductionThe presence of the aggressive phenotype of the tumor seems to be indicated by the local infiltration of cancer cells and by the development of metastases in the lymph nodes. This phenotype is related to the intensity of the suppressive profile of the tumor microenvironment. The aim of our study has been to gather information about the expression of both RCAS1 and B7H4 proteins in the macrophages and fibroblasts present within both the microenvironment of cervical cancer tumors and the cancer cells present on the front of the cancer nest.MethodsWe analyzed the immunoreactivity levels of such antigens as B7H4 and RCAS1 in the macrophages and fibroblasts of the cancer microenvironment and within the cancer nest in the tissue samples derived from patients on whom both a radical hysterectomy and a lymphadenectomy had been performed following a diagnosis of uterine cervical carcinoma. These patients were then divided into two subgroups according to the extent of the local and distant advancement of the cancer – that is, according to the FIGO stage and the presence or absence of lymph node metastases.Results
RCAS1 immunoreactivity levels on the front of the cancer nest statistically significantly increase according to the FIGO stage or the extent of the local spread of the disease while B7H4 immunoreactivity levels on the tumor front increase in relation to the extent of the distant spread of the disease or the presence of lymph nodes metastases.ConclusionThe intensity of the suppressive profile of the cervical cancer microenvironment indicated by the presence of both RCAS1 and B7H4 on the front of the tumor and in the macrophages and fibroblasts infiltrating the cancer stroma seems to correlate with the extent of both the local and distant advancement of the disease.
Development and pilot testing of a radiation therapist‐led educational intervention for breast cancer patients prior to commencing radiotherapy
Authors: HALKETT Georgia KB , SCHOFIELD Penelope , O'CONNOR Moira , YORK Debra , JEFFORD Michael , JIWA Moyez , SPRY Nigel , TAYLOR Mandy , ARANDA Sanchia 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim:  To describe the development of the content and pilot testing of a radiation therapist‐led educational intervention for breast cancer patients about to commence radiotherapy. Pilot testing consisted of testing the intervention for appropriateness, feasibility and acceptance.Methods:  A tailored intervention consisting of two face‐to‐face meetings with a radiation therapist (one before radiation planning, the other before treatment) was developed using Level I evidence for preparing patients for potentially threatening procedures. Training of intervention radiation therapists consisted of two communication skills workshops. Radiation therapists' consultations were tape‐recorded and analyzed. The feasibility of the intervention was assessed by response rates and feedback from patients and radiation therapists. Patients completed surveys at baseline and following each intervention delivery. The main outcome measures were anxiety and depression, patient concerns and knowledge about radiotherapy.Results:  Response rates were considered acceptable. Twelve patients were enrolled and completed baseline measures. Nine patients completed follow‐up measures following the second consultation. Preliminary results showed a trend for a decrease in anxiety and depression levels following the first consultation. There was also a decrease in concerns about radiotherapy and an increase in patients' knowledge. The instruments showed variability at baseline and discriminated between different responses over time. Radiation therapists adhered to providing the interventions. Interviews with radiation therapists and patients demonstrated that the intervention was feasible and acceptable.Conclusion:  This pilot study demonstrated that this new intervention is both feasible and acceptable to radiation therapists and patients. The intervention is now being assessed using a randomized controlled trial.
Factors associated with subjective well‐being in cancer workers in Queensland
Authors: Poulsen Michael G , Poulsen Anne A , Khan Asaduzzaman , Poulsen Emma E , Khan Shanchita R 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction: This study aims to describe factors associated with subjective well‐being (SWB) in cancer workers in Queensland and compares results to normative data for the Australian population.Method: This study was based on a cross‐sectional survey of 544 cancer workers in Queensland with a response rate of 54%. SWB was measured using the Personal Wellbeing Index for Adults. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify explanatory variables, which were independently associated with SWB. Results were compared with normative Australian data.Results: The overall mean SWB for study participants was 74.63, which was comparable to the mean of 75.02 for the Australian population (P = 0.47). Female cancer workers had significantly lower levels of SWB compared to the normative data of female Australians (74.44 compared to 75.7, P = 0.03). Multiple regression analyses showed that higher levels of SWB were associated with having 11–30 h of direct patient care hours per week, being married, no child or elder care commitments, good physical health, low levels of both psychological distress and burnout, and high levels of work engagement.Conclusions: Cancer workers' overall levels of SWB were similar to the national mean scores. Amount of time in direct patient care was linked with SWB, with an optimal time between 11 and 30 h per week associated with high SWB. The majority of the factors significantly associated with SWB were of a personal nature such as marital status and physical and mental health. These data provide a valuable baseline for future research in this area, especially in the area of interventions to promote SWB of workers.
Cotinine: A Potential New Therapeutic Agent against Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Echeverria Valentina , Zeitlin Ross 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARY Tobacco smoking has been correlated with a lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This negative correlation has been attributed to nicotine's properties. However, the undesired side‐effects of nicotine and the absence of clear evidence of positive effects of this drug on the cognitive abilities of AD patients have decreased the enthusiasm for its therapeutic use. In this review, we discuss evidence showing that cotinine, the main metabolite of nicotine, has many of the beneficial effects but none of the negative side‐effects of its precursor. Cotinine has been shown to be neuroprotective, to improve memory in primates as well as to prevent memory loss, and to lower amyloid‐beta (Aβ)) burden in AD mice. In AD, cotinine's positive effect on memory is associated with the inhibition of Aβ aggregation, the stimulation of pro‐survival factors such as Akt, and the inhibition of pro‐apoptotic factors such as glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β). Because stimulation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) positively modulates these factors and memory, the involvement of these receptors in cotinine's effects are discussed. Because of its beneficial effects on brain function, good safety profile, and nonaddictive properties, cotinine may represent a new therapeutic agent against AD.
An EPID based method for performing high accuracy calibration between an optical external marker tracking device and the LINAC reference frame
Authors: Grelewicz Zachary , Kang Hyejoo , Wiersma Rodney D. 
Published: April 2012

Purpose:With the increasing use of external 3D optical tracking cameras to guide modern radiation therapy procedures, it has become vitally important to have an accurate camera to linear accelerator (LINAC) reference frame calibration. To eliminate errors present in current calibration procedures based on the manual hand alignment of a device using the light field crosshairs and in room guidance lasers, a semiautomated quantitative calibration approach requiring only use of an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) was developed.Methods:A phantom comprised of seven highly IR reflective plastic BBs was placed on the LINAC treatment couch and imaged with both a 3D stereoscopic IR imager and the on board megavoltage (MV) EPID imager. Having knowledge of the optically determined 3D positions and projected EPID images of the BBs, simulated annealing was used to optimize the location of the BBs in the LINAC frame using four different optimization functions. Singular value decomposition was then used to calculate the transformation matrix between the camera and LINAC reference frames. Results were then compared to a traditional camera calibration method for overall accuracy.Results:Using modeled data, the simulated annealing process was able to determine the actual locations of the BBs with a RMSE of 0.23 mm. Using projection images acquired with an MV imager, the process was able to determine locations of BBs within .26 mm. The results depend on the choice of optimization function.Conclusions:Results show that the method can be used to provide highly accurate spatial registration between an external 3D imaging reference frame and the LINAC frame. The experimental MV imager results, while not as precise as the simulated results, exceed 1 mm accuracy and the current accepted AAPM TG‐142 standard of ≤2 mm positioning accuracy.
The Origins of Cooperative Bacterial Communities
Authors: Sachs J. L. , Hollowell A. C. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
Bacteria live in complex multispecies communities. Intimately interacting bacterial cells are ubiquitous on biological and mineral surfaces in all habitats. Molecular and cellular biologists have unraveled some key mechanisms that modulate bacterial interactions, but the ecology and evolution of these associations remain poorly understood. One debate has focused on the relative importance of cooperation among cells in bacterial communities. Some researchers suggest that communication and cooperation, both within and among bacterial species, have produced emergent properties that give such groups a selective advantage. Evolutionary biologists have countered that the appearance of group-level traits should be viewed with caution, as natural selection almost invariably favors selfishness. A recent theory by Morris, Lenski, and Zinser, called the Black Queen Hypothesis, gives a new perspective on this debate (J. J. Morris, R. E. Lenski, and E. R. Zinser, mBio 3(2):e00036-12, 2012). These authors present a model that reshapes a decades-old idea: cooperation among species can be automatic and based upon purely selfish traits. Moreover, this hypothesis stands in contrast to the Red Queen Hypothesis, which states that species are in constant evolutionary conflict. Two assumptions serve as the core of the Black Queen model. First, bacterial functions are often leaky, such that cells unavoidably produce resources that benefit others. Second, the receivers of such by-products will tend to delete their own costly pathways for those products, thus building dependency into the interactions. Although not explicitly required in their model, an emergent prediction is that the initiation of such dependency can favor the spread of more obligate coevolved partnerships. This new paradigm suggests that bacteria might often form interdependent cooperative interactions in communities and moreover that bacterial cooperation should leave a clear genomic signature via complementary loss of shared diffusible functions.
Digital dictation and voice transcription software enhances outpatient clinic letter production: a crossover study
Authors: Patel Kinesh , Harbord Marcus 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundDigital voice transcription has been introduced widely in the National Health Service (NHS), though primarily in radiology departments. There has been a long-standing problem with recruitment of medical secretaries within the NHS, leading to long delays in the production of correspondence from outpatient clinics.ObjectiveTo determine whether use of widely available digital transcription software improves efficiency and the time taken to produce correspondence.MethodsThe project used a prospective, crossover trial design in a ‘real-world’ environment. Correspondence from clinics was transcribed after dictation by a secretary using conventional analogue audio tape or the dictation software. After a 2-week washout period the same clinics' dictations were transcribed using the other method to produce identical correspondence. The two sets of letters were compared.ResultsThe mean time for the secretary to produce letters for a complete clinic using digital dictation was 66 min whereas analogue dictation took 121 min (p<0.00002). There was no difference in the number of mistakes per letter (p>0.05).ConclusionVoice transcription software significantly decreased the time taken to transcribe outpatient clinic letters with minimal training of secretarial staff, resulting in improved efficiency.
Emplacement ages and exhumation rates for intrusion-hosted Cu–Mo–Sb–Au mineral systems at Freegold Mountain (Yukon, Canada): assessment from U–Pb, Ar–Ar, and (U–Th)/He geochronometers
Authors: Bineli Betsi Thierry , Lentz David , McInnes Brent , Evans Noreen J. 
Published: April 2012

To decipher the thermal history of mineralized systems across the Freegold Mountain area (Yukon, Canada), a combined geochronology (zircon U–Pb and hornblende, biotite, and whole rock Ar–Ar) and thermochronology (apatite and zircon (U–Th)/He) study was carried out. Previous U–Pb data combined with new U–Pb and Ar–Ar data show that intrusive bodies across the Freegold Mountain were emplaced during two protracted episodes, the first spanning from 109.6 to 98 Ma and the second between 79 and 68 Ma. Overprinting of the first intrusive event by a second magmatic hydrothermal event is suggested by a zircon U–Pb age of 108.7 ± 0.4 Ma for a chlorite-altered dyke and a whole rock Ar–Ar plateau age of 76.25 ± 0.53 Ma. Zircon (U–Th)/He data are between 66 and 89 Ma, whereas apatite (U–Th)/He data are scattered (38.7–109.9 Ma) and bracket the two magmatic emplacement events. Our combined data reveal a complex history of reheating that led to resetting of numerous chronometers. In most of the investigated magmatic hydrothermal systems, early fast cooling from igneous emplacement through hydrothermal alteration (between 900 and 200 °C) was followed by later and slower cooling accompanying post mineralization uplift and erosion (between 200 and 70 °C). Preliminary models indicate intrusive bodies associated with the Stoddart Cu–Mo ± W prospect cooled slowly (23 °C/Ma) compared with the ones spatially associated with the Revenue Au–Cu prospect (43 °C/Ma), and the similarity of the zircon U–Pb and (U–Th)/He ages from Revenue dyke further supports a rapid cooling from 700 to 180 °C. Erosion rates of 0.035–0.045 mm/year are consistent with tectonic quiescence during the Late Tertiary combined with the lack of Pleistocene glaciation in central Yukon. Such low rates of exhumation favour the formation and preservation of supergene mineralization, such as that found north of Freegold Mountain.
Induction of the RNA Regulator LIN28A Is Required for the Growth and Pathogenesis of RESTless Breast Tumors
Authors: Gunsalus Kearney T.W. , Wagoner Matthew P. , Meyer Kassondra , Potter Wyatt B. , Schoenike Barry , Kim Soyoung , Alexander Caroline M. , Friedl Andreas , Roopra Avtar 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The transcription factor RE1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is lost in approximately 20% of breast cancers. Although it is known that these RESTless tumors are highly aggressive and include all tumor subtypes, the underlying tumorigenic mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we show that loss of REST results in upregulation of LIN28A, a known promoter of tumor development, in breast cancer cell lines and human breast tumors. We found that LIN28A was a direct transcriptional target of REST in cancer cells and that loss of REST resulted in increased LIN28A expression and enhanced tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo, effects that were dependent on heightened LIN28A expression. Tumors lacking REST expression were locally invasive, consistent with the increased lymph node involvement observed in human RESTless tumors. Clinically, human RESTless breast tumors also displayed significantly enhanced LIN28A expression when compared with non-RESTless tumors. Our findings therefore show a critical role for the REST-LIN28A axis in tumor aggression and suggest a causative relationship between REST loss and tumorigenicity in vivo. Cancer Res; 72(13); 3207–16. ©2012 AACR.
Inhibition of ATR-Dependent Signaling by Protoapigenone and Its Derivative Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Interstrand Cross-link–Generating Agents In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Wang Hui-Chun , Lee Alan Yueh-Luen , Chou Wen-Cheng , Wu Chin-Chung , Tseng Chao-Neng , Liu Kevin Yen-Ting , Lin Wen-Lien , Chang Fang-Rong , Chuang Da-Wei , Hunyadi Attila , Wu Yang-Chang 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
DNA damage caused during cancer treatment can rapidly activate the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and ATM and Rad3-related (ATR)-dependent phosphorylation of Chk2 and Chk1 kinases, which are hallmarks of the DNA damage response (DDR). Pharmacologic inhibition of ATR causes a synthetic lethal effect on ATM- or p53-defective cancers, suggesting that such inhibition is an effective way to improve the sensitivity of cancers to DNA-damaging agents. Here, both the natural compound protoapigenone (WYC02) and its synthetic derivative WYC0209 exhibited cytotoxic effects on various cancer cell lines. WYC02 causes chromosomal aberration in the mitotic spreads of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Interestingly, cancer cells did not exhibit typical DDR markers upon exposure to WYC02 and WYC0209 (WYCs). Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms of WYCs function revealed that they have a potential ability to inhibit DDR, particularly on activation of Chk1 and Fanconi anemia group D2 protein (FANCD2), but not Chk2. In this way, WYCs inhibited ATR-mediated DNA damage checkpoint and repair. Furthermore, when combined with the DNA cross-linking agent cisplatin, treatment with WYCs resulted in increased tumor sensitivity to interstrand cross-link–generating agents both in vitro and in vivo. Our results therefore especially implicate WYCs in enhancing tumor chemosensitivity when the ATR checkpoint is constitutively active in states of oncogene-driven replicative stress or tolerance to DNA-interfering agents. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(7); 1443–53. ©2012 AACR.