bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einwanderungsrouten nach Mitteleuropa
Authors: Schmitt Thomas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDer Großteil der heute im westlichen Mitteleuropa vorkommenden Tagfalter‐ und Widderchenarten leitet sich von der nacheiszeitlichen Besiedlung dieses Gebietes ab, die weitgehend aus den klassischen mediterranen Rückzugsgebieten erfolgte. Für das hier betrachtete Untersuchungsgebiet erfolgte weitgehend eine Besiedlung westlich oder östlich der Alpen, die eine starke Barrierewirkung für Besiedlungen aufweisen. Die Arten, die im westlichen Mitteleuropa unter glazialen Bedingungen weit verbreitet waren, haben sich unter den warmen Bedingungen der Nacheiszeit in die Gebirge und die arktischen Zonen zurückgezogen. Deshalb kommen sie im westlichen Mitteleuropa rezent fast ausschließlich in den Hochlagen der Alpen vor. Jedoch gibt es auch einige Arten, die sowohl unter glazialen wie auch unter warmzeitlichen Bedingungen in den tieferen Lagen des westlichen Mitteleuropas existieren können, wobei sie hier jedoch entweder besser unter den glazialen oder den warmzeitlichen Bedingungen überleben können.
Die Naturgeschichte von Gut und Böse
Authors: Wuketits Franz M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMoral ist ein Resultat der Evolution durch natürliche Auslese. Sie ermöglicht die Stabilität von Gruppen, die den beteiligten Individuen Vorteile bringt und ist daher zumindest in Ansätzen – als moralanaloges Verhalten – auch bei nichtmenschlichen Primaten und anderen Säugetierarten ausgeprägt. Von entscheidender Bedeutung ist der reziproke Altruismus, der die längste Zeit allerdings nur in relativ kleinen Gruppen anzutreffen war und von der Selektion gefördert wurde. Seine Ausweitung stößt daher auf grundsätzliche Schwierigkeiten und wir müssen mit Grenzen unserer Moralfähigkeit rechnen. Aus evolutionstheoretischer Perspektive (evolutionäre Ethik) ist der Mensch von Natur aus weder gut noch böse. Unter bestimmten kulturellen Rahmenbedingungen kann er enorme destruktive Potenziale entwickeln, aber auch Anreize zu kooperativem, helfendem Verhalten erfahren.
Die große Reise der kleinen Schnecken
Authors: Wendler Silke 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWenn es um die Suche nach Fortpflanzungspartnern geht, haben Schnecken es im Allgemeinen schwer. Aufgrund ihrer mangelnden Mobilität werden Partner normalerweise in einem kleinen geographischen Radius gesucht. Umso erstaunlicher war die Entdeckung, dass im Erbgut der nur 2 mm großen Schnecke Tornatellides boeningi erhebliche Unterschiede bestehen.
Stille Mutationen, große Wirkung
Authors: Kronberg Inge 
Published: October 2011

Abstract“Stille Wasser sind tief” – diese Redensart gilt offenbar auch für stille Mutationen. Neue Untersuchungen zeigen, dass geringfügige Änderungen der DNA‐Basensequenz zu schwerwiegenden Erkrankungen führen können, auch wenn sie die Aminosäuresequenz von Proteinen nicht verändern.
Artifizielle Korallen‐Neuansiedlung in degradierten Riffen
Authors: Loch Karen , Loch Wolfgang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn vielen tropischen Regionen wurden Riffe großflächig durch schädliche Umwelteinflüsse zerstört. Beim Massenlaichen noch intakter Riffe werden jedoch Milliarden von Gameten freigesetzt, denen nur zu einem Bruchteil eine erfolgreiche Ansiedlung zum Primärpolypen gelingt. Der Rest verdriftet ins offene Meer oder wird als Planktonbestandteil gefressen. Aus diesen Gameten lassen sich mit einfachen Methoden große Mengen siedlungskompetenter Larven ziehen, die bei erfolgreicher Ansiedlung in größeren toten Riffbezirken eine schnellere Renaturierung einleiten könnten.
“Eschels Hoff”: Kräutergarten mit Hexenwinkel
Authors: Högermann Christiane 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn Benkel, einem kleinen Ort in der Nähe von Ottersberg (Landkreis Verden) erwartet Pflanzenliebhaber an der ehemaligen Hofstelle “Eschels Hoff” ein ca. 2100 Quadratmeter großes Ensemble aus Kräuter‐ und Gartenparadies, Historie und Genüssen für Leib und Seele zur inneren sowie kulinarischen Einkehr.
Nikolai Vladimirovic Timoféeff‐Ressovsky: Eine Biographie in fünf Gesellschaftsepochen
Authors: Hoßfeld Uwe , Levit Georgy S 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUm den russisch‐deutschen Biologen N. V. Timoféeff‐Ressovsky, eine der markantesten Wissenschaftlerpersönlichkeiten des 20. Jahrhunderts, ranken sich bis heute Anekdoten, Legenden und Geschichten. Sein Name steht einerseits für Forschungen auf den Gebieten der Populationsgenetik, Mutationsforschung, Strahlenbiologie sowie Evolutionsbiologie und Ökologie, andererseits aber auch für die Zusammenarbeit mit dem NS‐Regime bzw. für die militärische Verwendung der Strahlenbiologie unter sozialistisch‐kommunistischen Gesellschaftsbedingungen.
Schimmelpilz Botrytis: Pflanzenkiller mit Tarnkappe
Authors: Brennicke Axel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPflanzenschädlinge werden in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt: Die “sanften” Pathogene lassen die Pflanze leben und ernähren sich von dem, was sie produziert. Die “harten” Krankheitserreger bringen die Pflanze um und ernähren sich von den toten Zellen. Neue Untersuchungen zeigen jetzt, dass der weit verbreitete “harte” Grauschimmelpilz Botrytis cinerea mit molekularen Signalen der Pflanze suggeriert, er sei ein relativ harmloser weicher Schädling.
Business Strategy at the Base of the Pyramid
Authors: Schrader Christian , Freimann Juergen , Seuring Stefan 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe design and implementation of base of the pyramid (BoP) solutions or products require multinational companies to make adjustments to their business strategies and processes. While this strategic opportunity has been argued for in BoP related publications, a 'traditional' strategic management perspective has not been applied. This paper aims towards using the strategic management process as an analytic framework for case studies at the BoP, allowing analysis of which aspects are particularly critical for achieving respective solutions. This includes reaching sustainability related objectives. A total of seven cases covering both products and services have been researched, allowing a contribution towards the applicability of strategic management in respective situations. Further, the importance of specific strategy process elements is assessed. While it seems obvious that strategic management thought can be applied, the analytic criteria put forward (i.e. company, initial need, motivation, external analysis, stakeholder, product/service, strategic choice, organizational implementation, supply chain, economic outcome, effects on sustainable development) are particularly geared towards the BoP solutions. While previous literature centres on analysing needs, the case based research provides the insight that aspects of internal organization, supply chain management and sustainability outcomes are of equal importance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Triamcinolone up‐regulates GLUT 1 and GLUT 3 expression in cultured human placental endothelial cells
Authors: Kipmen‐Korgun Dijle , Ozmen Asli , Unek Gozde , Simsek Mehmet , Demir Ramazan , Korgun Emin Turkay 
Published: October 2011

The placenta is a glucocorticoid target organ, and glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential for the development and maturation of fetal organs. They are widely used for treatment of a variety of diseases during pregnancy. In various tissues, GCs have regulated by glucose transport systems; however, their effects on glucose transporters in the human placental endothelial cells (HPECs) are unknown.In the present study, HPECs were cultured 24 h in the presence or absence of 0·5, 5 and 50 µmol·l–1 of synthetic GC triamcinolone (TA). The glucose carrier proteins GLUT 1, GLUT 3 and GC receptor (GR) were detected in the HPECs.We showed increased expression of GLUT 1 and GLUT 3 proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels (p < 0·05) after 24‐h cell culture in the presence of 0·5, 5 and 50 µmol·l‐1 of TA. In contrast, GR protein and mRNA expressions were down‐regulated (p < 0·05) with 0·5, 5 and 50 µmol·l–1 of TA 24‐h cell culture.The results demonstrate that GCs are potent regulators of placental GLUT 1 and GLUT 3 expression through GR.Excessive exposure to GCs causes maternal and fetal hypoglycemia and diminished fetal growth. We speculate that to compensate for fetal hypoglycemia and diminished fetal growth, the expression of placental endothelial glucose transporters might be increased. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule‐1 E469K Gene Polymorphism and Coronary Artery Disease in the Chinese Population: A Meta‐Analysis Involving 3065 Subjects
Authors: Yanyan Li 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground:The intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) E469K gene polymorphism has been implicated in increased coronary artery disease (CAD) susceptibility, but the individual study results are still controversial.Hypothesis:The ICAM‐1 E469K gene polymorphism may be associated with CAD risk.Methods:The current meta‐analysis involving 3065 subjects and 11 separate studies was conducted to explore the relationship between the ICAM‐1 E469K gene polymorphism and CAD in the Chinese population. The pooled odds ratio (ORs) for the distribution of K allele frequency of ICAM‐1 E469K gene and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was assessed by random effect model.Results:The distribution of the K allele frequency was 0.67 for the CAD group and 0.60 for the control group. The pooled OR for the distribution of the K allele frequency of the ICAM‐1 E469K gene was 1.32 (95% CI, 1.02–1.72; Pheterogeneity < 0.00001; inconsistency index I2 = 81.8%). The association between the ICAM‐1 E469K gene polymorphism and CAD in the Chinese population was significant (P = 0.04).Conclusions:In the Chinese population, the distribution of the K allele frequency of the ICAM‐1 E469K gene was indicated to be associated with CAD risk. The K allele of the ICAM‐1 E469K gene might predispose to the CAD susceptibility. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This work was funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). The author has no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Cardiology Rx for Change: Improving Clinical Attention to Tobacco Use and Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Cardiology
Authors: Prochaska Judith J. , Benowitz Neal L. , Glantz Stanton A. , Hudmon Karen Suchanek , Grossman William 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground:Heart disease is the leading cause of tobacco‐related death in smokers and of deaths due to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in nonsmokers. This study centers on the development and evaluation of an evidence‐based model curriculum for improving clinical attention to tobacco use and SHS exposure in cardiology.Hypothesis:We hypothesized that the curriculum would be associated with improvements in clinician tobacco‐related knowledge, attitudes, confidence, and counseling behaviors from pre‐to post‐training and at the 3‐month follow‐up.Methods:The 1‐hour Cardiology Rx for Change curriculum was evaluated with 22 cardiology fellows and 77 medical residents with consistent training effects observed between the 2 groups.Results:Trainees' tobacco treatment knowledge increased significantly from pre‐ to post‐training (t[81] = 6.51, P<0.001), and perceived barriers to providing cessation treatment decreased significantly (t[81] = −3.97, P<0.001). The changes, however, were not sustained at the 3‐month follow‐up, suggesting the need for booster training efforts. From pretraining to 3‐month follow‐up, the training was associated with significant sustained gains in clinician confidence for treating tobacco dependence (t[61] = 3.69, P = 0.001) and with improvements in clinicians assessing patients' readiness to quit smoking (from 61% to 79%, t[59] = 3.69,P<0.001) and providing assistance with quitting (from 47% to 59%, t[59] = 2.12, P = 0.038). Asking patients about tobacco use, advising cessation, and arranging follow‐up also increased over time, but not significantly. All participants (100%) recommended the curriculum for dissemination to other training programs.Conclusions:Available online via http://rxforchange.ucsf.edu, Cardiology Rx for Change offers a packaged training tool for improving treatment of tobacco use and SHS exposure in cardiology care. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This work was supported by the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute (FAMRI) William Cahan Distinguished Professor Award (PI: W. Grossman), and the State of California Tobacco‐Related Disease Research Program (# 17RT‐0077, PI: J.J. Prochaska). The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy for People with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Still Experiencing Excessive Fatigue after Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: A Pilot Randomized Study
Authors: Rimes Katharine A. , Wingrove Janet 
Published: October 2011

Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS; sometimes known as myalgic encephalomyelitis). However, only a minority of patients fully recover after CBT; thus, methods for improving treatment outcomes are required. This pilot study concerned a mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) intervention adapted for people with CFS who were still experiencing excessive fatigue after CBT. The study aimed to investigate the acceptability of this new intervention and the feasibility of conducting a larger‐scale randomized trial in the future. Preliminary efficacy analyses were also undertaken. Participants were randomly allocated to MBCT or waiting list. Sixteen MBCT participants and 19 waiting‐list participants completed the study, with the intervention being delivered in two separate groups. Acceptability, engagement and participant‐rated helpfulness of the intervention were high. Analysis of covariance controlling for pre‐treatment scores indicated that, at post‐treatment, MBCT participants reported lower levels of fatigue (the primary clinical outcome) than the waiting‐list group. Similarly, there were significant group differences in fatigue at 2‐month follow‐up, and when the MBCT group was followed up to 6 months post‐treatment, these improvements were maintained. The MBCT group also had superior outcomes on measures of impairment, depressed mood, catastrophic thinking about fatigue, all‐or‐nothing behavioural responses, unhelpful beliefs about emotions, mindfulness and self‐compassion. In conclusion, MBCT is a promising and acceptable additional intervention for people still experiencing excessive fatigue after CBT for CFS, which should be investigated in a larger randomized controlled trial. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Only about 30% of people with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) recover after cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT); thus, methods for improving treatment outcomes are needed.
This is the first pilot randomized study to demonstrate that a mindfulness‐based intervention was associated with reduced fatigue and other benefits for people with CFS who were still experiencing excessive fatigue after a course of CBT. Levels of acceptability, engagement in the intervention and rated helpfulness were high.
A larger‐scale randomized controlled trial is required.
Anion‐Sensitive 2,4‐Dinitrophenylhydrazone‐Containing Terpyridine Derivative and Its Platinum Chloride Complex
Authors: Zhang Bingguang , Li Yunjing , Sun Wenfang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTerpyridine derivative 1, bearing 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazone, and its platinum chloride complex 2 were synthesized and characterized. The UV/Vis, emission, and triplet transient difference absorption spectra of 1 and 2 were investigated. Both 1 and 2 exhibit broad and strong absorption in the visible spectral region (λmax = 404 nm for 1 and 433 nm for 2), which are dominated by the 1π–π* transition of the ligand. When excited at the respective absorption band maximum, 1 and 2 exhibit charge‐transfer fluorescence atapproximately 550 nm. Compounds 1 and 2 also exhibit a broad and strong 3π–π* excited‐state absorption band in the visible region (λmax = 520 nm with ϵT1–Tn = 4.74 × 104 L mol–1 cm–1for 1, and λmax = 590 nm with ϵT1–Tn = 3.45 × 104 L mol–1 cm–1 for 2). The triplet excited states of 1 and 2 are both long‐lived, with lifetimes longer than 2 ms. Compounds 1 and 2 are sensitive to basic anions such as F–, AcO–, and H2PO4–. Upon addition of these anions, the UV/Vis absorption spectra of these two compounds are significantly redshifted, which is reflected by the color change from yellow to purple for 1 and from yellow to blue for 2. These anions also quench the charge‐transfer emission band at 550 nm. Moreover, the triplet transient absorption of 1 and 2 in DMSO solution is quenched upon addition of these anions. These spectroscopic changes are attributed to the deprotonation of the hydrazone NH group, which causes intramolecular electron transfer. The deprotonation mechanism is supported by the upfield shifts of the 1H NMR signals of the 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazone group, the imine group, and the phenyl group, following the addition of excess F–.
Tailor‐Made MgF2‐Based Catalysts by Sol–Gel Synthesis
Authors: Kemnitz Erhard , Wuttke Stefan , Coman Simona M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this paper, recent developments in the field of catalysts based on nanosized metal fluorides are presented with special focus on the exciting and promising magnesium fluoride systems. The majority of these new catalyst systems originate from the work of the authors based on the fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis of metal fluorides, which was developed by this group. They are selected in a way as to highlight the principles and prospects of this new approach to high‐surface‐area, strongly distorted metal fluorides. This new fluorolytic sol–gel route to metal fluorides opens, in the opinion of the authors, a very broad range of scientific and technical applications of the accessible high‐surface‐area metal fluorides. By combining fluorolytic and hydrolytic sol–gel synthesis, this approach can be further extended, also providing access to metal hydroxide fluorides or metal oxide fluorides. The different synthesis strategies as well as the catalytic applications of various MgF2‐based materials are described in detail in this review.
Reactions of Stable Amidinate Chlorosilylene and [1+4]‐Oxidative Addition of N‐Heterocyclic Silylene with N‐Benzylideneaniline
Authors: Jana Anukul , Azhakar Ramachandran , Sarish Sankaranarayana Pillai , Samuel Prinson P. , Roesky Herbert W. , Schulzke Carola , Koley Debasis 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe reaction of PhC(NtBu)2SiCl (L) with N2O afforded the trimer {PhC(NtBu)2Si(O)Cl}3 (1), which contains a Si3O3 six‐membered ring. In the molecular structure of 1, the PhC(NtBu)2 moieties are arranged around the Si3O3 six‐membered ring in a paddle‐wheel fashion. Further the reaction of L with B(C6F5)3 and 9‐BBN (9‐borobicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) yielded the chlorosilylene–boron adducts L·B(C6F5)3 (2) and L·9‐BBN (3). The reaction of CH{(C=CH2)(CMe)(2,6‐iPr2C6H3N)2}Si (L′) with N‐benzylideneaniline resulted in 4, a [1+4]‐ rather than a [1+2]‐cycloaddition product. Compounds 1–4 were characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic methods. The molecular structures of 1, 2, and 4 were established unequivocally by single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis. The formation of products 1 and 4 was supported by DFT calculations.
A New Family of Homo‐ and Heterometallic Manganese Complexes at High Oxidation States Derived from the Oxidation of MnII with CeIV: Syntheses, Structures, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Ma Cheng‐Bing , Hu Ming‐Qiang , Chen Hui , Chen Chang‐Neng , Liu Qiu‐Tian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA series of homo‐ and heterometallic manganese(III or IV) clusters, [Mn2O2(pybim)4](NO3)4·11H2O [1; pybim = 2‐(2‐pyridyl)benzimidazole], [Mn3O4(bipy)4(H2O)2][Ce(NO3)5(H2O)][NO3]2·2H2O (2; bipy = 2,2′‐bipyridine), [Mn2Ce3O6(pta)6(NO3)2(dmf)4]·H2O (3; Hpta = p‐toluic acid), and [Mn8CeO8(pta)12(dmf)4] (4), were prepared by the reaction of simple Mn2+ salts with (NH4)2[Ce(NO3)6] under different experimental conditions. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses established that these complexes possess inorganic cores that have various structural topologies, which range from the [Mn2O2]4+ rhomb, a Mn3 triangle within [Mn3O4]4+, and the nonplanar [Mn8O8]8+ loop that centrally traps a Ce4+ ion to the [Mn2Ce3O6]8+ cage that contains a Mn2Ce3 trigonal bipyramid. The solid‐state magnetic susceptibility studies revealed that these four complexes possess distinctly different magnetic properties, namely, both 1 and 2 show strong antiferromagnetic interactions between the MnIV centers, whereas 3 is weakly antiferromagnetic, and 4, however, has predominantly ferromagnetic interactions.
A Redox‐Active Ligand as a Reservoir for Protons and Electrons: O2 Reduction at Zirconium(IV)
Authors: Lu Feng , Zarkesh Ryan A. , Heyduk Alan F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe [ONO] ligand {(ONOcat)3– = bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐phenoxy)amide} can be installed onto zirconium(IV) in two different protonation states. The reaction of (ONOcat)3– with ZrCl4 afforded the octahedral complex (ONOcat)ZrCl(THF)2 (1). This complex, characterized in the solid state by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and in solution by NMR,UV/Vis, and IR spectroscopy, is assigned as a zirconium(IV) complex coordinated to the fully reduced form of the [ONO] redox‐active ligand. When (ONOcat)H3 was doubly deprotonated and treated with ZrCl4, the complex (ONHO)ZrCl2(THF) (2) was isolated, in which one ligand proton remains on the [ONO] ligand. Exposure of 2 to dry O2 resulted in a four‐electron, two‐proton reaction to form the bis(hydroxo) complex [(ONOq)ZrCl2(μ‐OH)]2 (3), which shows that the [ONO] ligand platform can serve as both an electron and proton reservoir in small‐molecule reactions.
Selective Binding of Glyphosate by a Ditopic Cyclic–Open‐Chain Polyazaligand in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Pouessel Jacky , Le Bris Nathalie , Bencini Andrea , Giorgi Claudia , Handel Henri , Tripier Raphaël 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper reports a study of the interaction between a ditopic cyclic–open‐chain polyazaligand L1py and the herbicide glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine or PMG] by potentiometric titrations as well as calorimetry and NMR measurements. This nonsymmetrical ligand is composed of a cyclam unit (1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane) and the linear tetraamine 1,4,8,11‐tetraazaundecane linked by a 2,6‐dimethylpyridine spacer. This ligand forms stable adducts with PMG. For comparison, two analogous symmetrical ditopic ligands, a bis‐macrocycle L4py and a bis‐tetraamine L5py, and two related anions, iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and iminobis(methylphosphonic acid) (IDP), were also investigated. The results unambiguously show that L1py selectively binds PMG, especially around neutral pH, whereas L4py and L5py exhibit a weaker affinity for this substrate. Calorimetic and 1H NMR measurements showed that the host–guest adducts are mainly stabilized by charge–charge interactions and hydrogen bonds involving the ammonium function of PMG and the nonprotonated nitrogen atom of the pyridine linker.
An Efficient Protocol for the Amidation of Carboxylic Acids Promoted by Trimethyl Phosphite and Iodine
Authors: Luo Qun‐Li , Lv Lina , Li Yu , Tan Jian‐Ping , Nan Wenhui , Hui Qun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA practical, one‐pot protocol is described for the conversion of carboxylic acids into amides through carboxyl activation by the reagent combination of trimethyl phosphite and iodine. This method integrates several advantages: (1) it allows amines to be chemoselectively acylated with excellent results in the presence of sulfur and oxygen nucleophiles; (2) the method shows wide generality in respect of solvent, base, and substrate; (3) the reagents used are widely available and much less expensive than common coupling reagents, and (4) the process is remarkably convenient, permitting extraction, recrystallization, and column chromatography as optional work‐up procedures. The chemoselectivity and generality of the method, the low cost, and wide availability of reagents combined with the ease of use make it a very favorable process.