bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular late effects in childhood and adolescent cancer survivors: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study
Authors: Whelan Kimberly F. , Stratton Kayla , Kawashima Toana , Waterbor John W. , Castleberry Robert P. , Stovall Marilyn , Sklar Charles A. , Packer Roger J. , Mitby Pauline , Aitken Candice L. , Blatt Julie , Robison Leslie L. , Mertens Ann C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIntroductionApproximately 80% of children currently survive 5 years following diagnosis of their cancer. Studies based on limited data have implicated certain cancer therapies in the development of ocular sequelae in these survivors.ProcedureThe Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) is a retrospective cohort study investigating health outcomes of 5+ year survivors diagnosed and treated between 1970 and 1986 compared to a sibling cohort. The baseline questionnaire included questions about the first occurrence of six ocular conditions. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from responses of 14,362 survivors and 3,901 siblings.ResultsFive or more years from the diagnosis, survivors were at increased risk of cataracts (RR: 10.8; 95% CI: 6.2–18.9), glaucoma (RR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1–5.7), legal blindness (RR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.7–4.0), double vision (RR: 4.1; 95% CI: 2.7–6.1), and dry eyes (RR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.6–2.4), when compared to siblings. Dose of radiation to the eye was significantly associated with risk of cataracts, legal blindness, double vision, and dry eyes, in a dose‐dependent manner. Risk of cataracts were also associated with radiation 3,000+ cGy to the posterior fossa (RR: 8.4; 95% CI: 5.0–14.3), temporal lobe (RR: 9.4; 95% CI: 5.6–15.6), and exposure to prednisone (RR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.6–3.4).ConclusionsChildhood cancer survivors are at risk of developing late occurring ocular complications, with exposure to glucocorticoids and cranial radiation being important determinants of increased risk. Long‐term follow‐up is needed to evaluate potential progression of ocular deficits and impact on quality of life. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:103–109. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term population‐based divorce rates among adult survivors of childhood cancer in Britain
Authors: Frobisher Clare , Lancashire Emma R. , Winter David L. , Taylor Aliki J. , Reulen Raoul C. , Hawkins Michael M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundPreviously from the British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (BCCSS) it was seen that adult survivors of childhood cancer were less likely to marry than the general population. The objectives of this study were to assess the number of childhood cancer survivors from the BCCSS who were currently divorced or separated, examine factors associated with marriage dissolution and compare survivor divorce rates to population rates.ProcedureThe BCCSS is a population‐based cohort of 18,119 individuals diagnosed with cancer aged 0–14 years between 1940 and 1991, and survived at least 5 years. 14,539 were alive, aged 16 years or over and eligible to receive a questionnaire, which ascertained marital status.ResultsFrom 8,155 survivors, who were aged at least 20 years at questionnaire completion, the proportions currently divorced and divorced or separated were 13.5% and 18.1%, respectively. Only current age, educational attainment and age at marriage were associated with divorce, and for divorce and separation status only age at marriage (P < 0.05). Overall the survivors were no different to the general population for being currently divorced (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence intervals (95% CI)): 0.94 (0.81–1.10)). However, the survivors overall (OR (95% CI): 0.82 (0.72–0.94)), and separately for those diagnosed with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (OR (95% CI): 0.55 (0.34–0.89)) and leukaemia (OR (95% CI): 0.70 (0.52–0.95)), were less likely to be currently divorced or separated than the general population.ConclusionsIt is reassuring that survivors do not experience more divorce than the general population, and that no cancer or treatment factors were shown to be associated with marriage dissolution. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:116–122. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantifying the evolutionary divergence of protein structures: The role of function change and function conservation
Authors: Pascual‐García Alberto , Abia David , Méndez Raúl , Nido Gonzalo S. , Bastolla Ugo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe molecular clock hypothesis, stating that protein sequences diverge in evolution by accumulating amino acid substitutions at an almost constant rate, played a major role in the development of molecular evolution and boosted quantitative theories of evolutionary change. These studies were extended to protein structures by the seminal paper by Chothia and Lesk, which established the approximate proportionality between structure and sequence divergence. Here we analyse how function influences the relationship between sequence and structure divergence, studying four large superfamilies of evolutionarily related proteins: globins, aldolases, P‐loop and NADP‐binding. We introduce the contact divergence, which is more consistent with sequence divergence than previously used structure divergence measures. Our main findings are: (1) Small structure and sequence divergences are proportional, consistent with the molecular clock. Approximate validity of the clock is also supported by the analysis of the clustering coefficient of structure similarity networks. (2) Functional constraints strongly limit the structure divergence of proteins performing the same function and may allow to identify incomplete or wrong functional annotations. (3) The rate of structure versus sequence divergence is larger for proteins performing different functions than for proteins performing the same function. We conjecture that this acceleration is due to positive selection for new functions. Accelerations in structure divergence are also suggested by the analysis of the clustering coefficient. (4) For low sequence identity, structural diversity explodes. We conjecture that this explosion is related to functional diversification. (5) Large indels are almost always associated with function changes. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Auditing global logistics operations—A process safety focus
Authors: Green Michael R. , Lide Rick 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article discusses an approach for auditing logistics operations using the principles encompassed within BP's Safety and Operations (S&O) Audit Program and will feature an emphasis on process safety. The article concludes with a hypothetical case study to help illustrate portions of the process.This is a general audit process overview that includes sampling strategy, sampling and testing plan, daily audit schedule, field audit, and verification. This detailed description will help anyone to utilize this logistics audit process effectively. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010
Effectiveness of a 5‐Day External Stenting Protocol on Urological Complications After Renal Transplantation
Authors: Minnee Robert C. , Bemelman Frederike J. , Laguna Pes Pilar P. , ten Berge Ineke J. M. , Legemate Dink A. , Idu Mirza M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundUreteral stents are successful in reducing urological complications after renal transplantation. However, the optimal duration and method of stenting have not yet been clarified. The objective of the present study was to investigate the frequency of urological complications when a 5‐day external stented ureterocystostomy protocol was followed.MethodsA single‐center nonrandomized analysis of 392 kidney transplantations between June 2003 and June 2007 was conducted. From July 2005 all 196 renal transplant recipients received a 5‐day external stented ureterocystostomy. A urological complication was defined as any cause leading to the placement of a percutaneous nephrostomy catheter and/or surgical revision of the ureterocystostomy.ResultsIn the non‐stented group, 21 of the 196 patients (10.7%) developed a urological complication compared to 13 patients (6.6%) in the stented group (p = 0.151). In the stented group, 2 of the 66 recipients of a living donor transplant (3.0%) developed a urological complication compared to 8 of the 59 recipients (13.6%) in the non‐stented group (P = 0.030). Eleven of 130 recipients of a deceased donor transplant (8.5%) in the stented group developed a urological complication, compared to 13 of the 137 recipients (9.5%) in the non‐stented group (P = 0.769). The surgical revision rate of the stented and the non‐stented group was 5/13 39% and 6/21 29%, respectively.ConclusionsA 5‐day routine external stent protocol is efficacious in living donor renal transplantation in preventing early postoperative ureter obstruction, but this stenting period seems inadequate for deceased donor renal transplantation.
Effect of rapeseed oil-derived plant sterol and stanol esters on atherosclerosis parameters in cholesterol-challenged heterozygous Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidaemic rabbits
Authors: Schrøder Malene , Fricke Christiane , Pilegaard Kirsten , Poulsen Morten , Wester Ingmar , Lütjohann Dieter , Mortensen Alicja 
Published: September 2009

Rapeseed oil (RSO) is a novel source of plant sterols, containing the unique brassicasterol in concentrations higher than allowed for plant sterol blends in food products in the European Union. Effects of RSO sterols and stanols on aortic atherosclerosis were studied in cholesterol-fed heterozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemic (Hh-WHHL) rabbits. Four groups (n18 per group) received a cholesterol-added (2 g/kg) standard chow or this diet with added RSO stanol esters (17 g/kg), RSO stanol esters (34 g/kg) or RSO sterol esters (34 g/kg) for 18 weeks. Feeding RSO stanol esters increased plasma campestanol (P < 0·001) and sitostanol (P < 0·001) and aortic campestanol (P < 0·05) compared with controls. Feeding RSO sterol esters increased concentrations of plasma campesterol (P < 0·001), sitosterol (P < 0·001) and brassicasterol (P < 0·001) and aortic campesterol (P < 0·01). Significantly lower plasma cholesterol (P < 0·001) was recorded in the treated groups after 3 weeks and throughout the study. LDL-cholesterol was reduced 50 % in the high-dose RSO sterol ester (P < 0·01) and high-dose RSO stanol ester (P < 0·001) groups compared with controls. Atherosclerotic lesions were found in three rabbits in each of the RSO stanol ester groups and in one in the RSO sterol ester group. Aortic cholesterol was decreased in the treated groups (P < 0·001) in response to lowering of plasma cholesterol induced by RSO sterol and stanol esters. In conclusion, RSO stanol and sterol esters with a high concentration of brassicasterol were well tolerated. They were hypocholesterolaemic and inhibited experimental atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed Hh-WHHL rabbits. A significant uptake of plant sterols into the blood and incorporation of campesterol and campestanol into aortic tissue was recorded.
Maternal folic acid supplement use in early pregnancy and child behavioural problems: The Generation R Study
Authors: Roza Sabine J. , van Batenburg-Eddes Tamara , Steegers Eric A. P. , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Mackenbach Johan P. , Hofman Albert , Verhulst Frank C. , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: September 2009

Folate deficiency during embryogenesis is an established risk factor for neural tube defects in the fetus. An adequate folate nutritional status is also important for normal fetal growth and brain development. The aim of the present research was to study the association between folic acid use of the mother during pregnancy and child behavioural development. Within a population-based cohort, we prospectively assessed folic acid supplement use during the first trimester by questionnaire. Child behavioural and emotional problems were assessed with the Child Behaviour Checklist at the age of 18 months in 4214 toddlers. Results showed that children of mothers who did not use folic acid supplements in the first trimester had a higher risk of total problems (OR 1·44; 95 % CI 1·12, 1·86). Folic acid supplement use protected both from internalising (OR of no supplement use 1·65; 95 % CI 1·24, 2·19) and externalising problems (OR 1·45; 95 % CI 1·17, 1·80), even when adjusted for maternal characteristics. Birth weight and size of the fetal head did not mediate the association between folic acid use and child behaviour. In conclusion, inadequate use of folic acid supplements during early pregnancy may be associated with a higher risk of behavioural problems in the offspring. Folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy, aimed to prevent neural tube defects, may also reduce mental health problems in children.
The impact of tap connection on water use: the case of household water consumption in Dakar, Senegal
Authors: BRIAND ANNE , NAUGES CÉLINE , STRAND JON , TRAVERS MURIEL 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTPredicting residential water demand for non-connected households that obtain connections is a crucial issue for water planners in developing countries. We propose a technique derived from Heckman (1976) to accurately measure the expected increase in water use due to access to tap water while controlling for differences in characteristics between connected and non-connected households. Illustration is made on a cross section of 246 households from Dakar, Senegal. We show that getting a tap connection induces an expected increase in water use of 26 L per capita per day.
Television viewing, computer game play and book reading during meals are predictors of meal skipping in a cross-sectional sample of 12-, 14- and 16-year-olds
Authors: Custers Kathleen , Van den Bulck Jan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether television viewing, computer game playing or book reading during meals predicts meal skipping with the aim of watching television, playing computer games or reading books (media meal skipping).DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted using a standardized self-administered questionnaire. Analyses were controlled for age, gender and BMI.SettingData were obtained from a random sample of adolescents in Flanders, Belgium.SubjectsSeven hundred and ten participants aged 12, 14 and 16 years.ResultsOf the participants, 11·8 % skipped meals to watch television, 10·5 % skipped meals to play computer games and 8·2 % skipped meals to read books. Compared with those who did not use these media during meals, the risk of skipping meals in order to watch television was significantly higher for those children who watched television during meals (2·9 times higher in those who watched television during at least one meal a day). The risk of skipping meals for computer game playing was 9·5 times higher in those who played computer games weekly or more while eating, and the risk of meal skipping in order to read books was 22·9 times higher in those who read books during meals less than weekly. The more meals the respondents ate with the entire family, the less likely they were to skip meals to watch television.ConclusionsThe use of media during meals predicts meal skipping for using that same medium. Family meals appear to be inversely related to meal skipping for television viewing.
Changes in land use alter the structure of bacterial communities in Western Amazon soils
Authors: da C Jesus Ederson , Marsh Terence L , Tiedje James M , de S Moreira Fatima M 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2009) 3, 1004–1011; doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.47 Since the publication of this paper, the authors have noticed an error in the accession numbers on page 2. The correct text is shown here. The authors would like to apologise for this error. Libraries were built for samples from primary forest (GenBank accession no.
Secretory phospholipase A2 promotes MMP‐9‐mediated cell death by degrading type I collagen via the ERK pathway at an early stage of chondrogenesis
Authors: Choi Young‐Ae , Kim Dong‐Kyun , Bang Ok‐Sun , Kang Shin‐Sung , Jin Eun‐Jung 
Published: September 2009

Background information. sPLA2 (secretory phospholipase A2) has been implicated in a wide range of cellular responses, including cell proliferation and ECM (extracellular matrix) remodelling. Even though ECM remodelling is an essential step for chondrogenesis, the expression and functions of sPLA2 during chondrogenesis have not been studied.Results. In the present study, for the first time, we detect the secretion of sPLA2 during limb development and suggest that sPLA2 influences the proliferation and/or survival of limb mesenchymal cells. Treatment of wing bud mesenchymal cells with exogenous sPLA2 promoted cell death by activating MMP‐9 (matrix metalloproteinase‐9) and increasing type I collagen degradation. The additive chondro‐inhibitory actions were induced by co‐treatment of mp‐BSA (p‐aminophenyl‐mannopyranoside‐BSA), a known ligand of the mannose receptor. Chondro‐inhibitory actions by sPLA2 were prevented by functional blocking of FcRY (chicken yolk sac IgY receptor), a mannose receptor family member that is the orthologue of the mammalian PLA2 (phospholipase A2) receptor and by inhibition of ERK (extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase) activity.Conclusions. Taken together, our results suggest that elevated levels of sPLA2 secreted by wing bud mesenchymal cells promote type I collagen degradation by MMP‐9 in a manner typical of receptor‐mediated signalling and that these events lead to cell death.
Practising what we preach: working together to further scientific collaboration
Authors: CSORA Camelia , VAN DER HEYDEN Michiel , KERSTEN Fabian 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTThe recent shift in Internet usage – from content being simply consumed by users, to content that users create, interact with, and share – has challenged traditional publishing values and processes. This has, in turn, brought opportunities to explore and experiment with new technologies in the publishing industry. Elsevier's social bookmarking and collaboration tool for researchers, 2collab, was launched in November 2007 to address this shift. This article reviews how 2collab was built in close partnership with researchers, and how traditional processes had to be adapted to facilitate this. It outlines the current use of social applications among scientists and shows that nearly 50% of researchers anticipate that social tools like 2collab will have at least some impact on all areas of their research in the next five years.
The History of the Philosophy of Biology
Authors: Hull David L. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
There are two problems in the history of science, the first being the use of anachronistic terminology and the other one is the need to simplify. Aristotle derived his basic philosophy of science from his broad knowledge of the living world. Later on, the problem was that all of the philosophies of biology in the early nineteenth century required natural kinds and Darwin set out a scientific theory, but this theory threatened two of the most fundamental principles in philosophy. The philosophy of the late nineteenth century assimilated Darwin's theory. Biologists contributed to the content of debates in the philosophy of biology. The species problem continues to tax philosophers and biologists alike. Finally, in the twenty-first century, new discoveries are leading to new developments.
Beyond Theoretical Reduction and Layer‐Cake Antireduction: How DNA Retooled Genetics and Transformed Biological Practice
Authors: Waters C. Kenneth 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Watson and Crick's discovery of the structure of DNA transformed biology by providing a basis for explaining a wide variety of phenomena. Philosophical discussion concerning this discovery can be organized around two opposing views: theoretical reductionism and layer-cake antireductionism. The view about genetics that emerges from “theoretical reductionism” is of a two-tiered science: an upper tier of theoretical principles associated with the classical theory of genetics and a lower tier of theoretical principles about molecular processes involving DNA. The view about genetics that emerges from antireductionist view is also of a two-tiered science: an upper tier of theoretical principles aimed at explaining transmission phenomena and a lower tier of theoretical principles aimed at explaining phenomena of replication and expression of the genetic material.
Philosophy of Neuroscience
Authors: Gold Ian , Roskies Adina L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article indicates problems that can be addressed in the philosophy of neuroscience. The first issue is to understand the shape or nature of the science as a whole. Neuroscience is a data-rich discipline. It is a science that consists of an abundance of facts, but no theories. Another problem relates to how to analyze core concepts, principles, methods, and fundamental questions unique to that science. Neuroscientists follow the principle of functional localization which states that brain functions are localized to particular anatomical sites. The study about how the brain supports consciousness is a new development. The article also illuminates traditional philosophical questions with attention to explain empirical results. A broad range of topics has been addressed in neurophilosophy, including many aspects of perception; representation; the emotions; and the nature of pain. Neuroscience has proved to be relevant to the philosophy of psychology.
Teleological Theories of Mental Content
Authors: Neander Karen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article is about the philosophical problem of intentionality. Neo-Darwinian selection theory can be used to solve the problem. The norms that apply to mental representation can be reduced to functional norms. The theories that are based on this idea are known as teleological theories of mental content. The philosophical problem of intentionality is related to but different from the psychological one. Ordinary functionalism is presented as endorsing two main theses: mental states and they are individuated by their “functional roles.” Teleofunctionalism endorses both analogous and homologous psychological categories. The reason that teleofunctionalism holds as a theory of mental content is that content is normative. A second motivation for teleosemantics is the nature of cognitive neuroscience as it forms a bridge between the natural sciences and the so-called interpretive fields of inquiry. The aim of the teleosemantic theories sketched above is to explain how content is determined in terms of nonmental phenomena.
Plato's Metaphysics
Authors: Harte Verity 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article focuses on the idea of metaphysics as described by Plato. Plato's writings are not themselves shaped in reflection of modern subdivisions of philosophical areas and the form in which they are shaped—the often heavily and self-consciously crafted dialogue form—does not naturally invite separate identification and treatment of the writings' often tightly interwoven philosophical threads. It discusses a certain feature of Plato's ontology: his commitment, at least in certain works, to the existence of a special class of entities, once known in English as “ideas,” these days more commonly referred to as “forms.” The article further discusses ideas such as the Theory of Forms and it asks whether it has developed over a period of time. The language of forms, where do they occur and how are they categorized are also elaborated in the article.
Plato's Philosophy of Language
Authors: Crivelli Paolo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIdeas in and problems of the philosophy of language surface frequently in Plato's dialogues. This forms the basis of the present article. Some passages briefly formulate, or presuppose, views about names, signification, truth, or falsehood; others are extended discussions of important themes of the philosophy of language. Basic predicative expressions are an integral part of Plato's philosophy of language. The article further emphasizes on the importance of forms as missing standards. Plato does say that perceptible particulars derive their names from the forms they partake of.