bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferior head resection of the pancreas for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms
Authors: Nakagohri Toshio , Kinoshita Taira , Konishi Masaru , Takahashi Shinichiro , Gotohda Naoto , Kobayashi Shin , Kojima Motohiro , Miyauchi Hideaki , Asano Takehide 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundPrevious reports have suggested that patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) have a favorable prognosis after surgical resection. Thus, a variety of types of partial pancreatic resections have been advocated for treating these low‐grade malignant tumors. However, the surgical outcome of IPMN after such limited pancreatectomy has not been fully clarified.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of the clinicopathologic features and surgical outcome in 15 patients who underwent inferior head resection for IPMN at the Chiba University Hospital and National Cancer Center Hospital East between July 1994 and January 2007.ResultsThere were 13 patients with noninvasive IPMNs (10 adenomas and 3 noninvasive carcinomas) and 2 patients with minimally invasive intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (minimally invasive IPMN). Complete tumor removal (R0 resection) was performed in four patients (80%) with intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma. Subsequent pancreatoduodenectomy was performed in one patient because of noninvasive carcinoma with multiple mucous lakes in the pancreatic parenchyma. Values forN‐benzoyl‐l‐tyrosyl‐p‐aminobenzoic acid excretion test results before (n = 13) and after (n = 13) the operation were 70.7 and 66.1, showing no significant difference. The 2‐h glucose levels in the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test before (n = 13) and after (n = 13) the operation were 133 and 146 mg/dl, respectively, showing no significant difference. Pancreatic fistula occurred in 7 (47%) patients. Overall morbidity and mortality rates were 67 and 0%, respectively. The overall 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival rates for the 15 patients were 100, 79, 79, and 71%, respectively. The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival rates for patients with noninvasive IPMN (n = 13) and those with minimally invasive IPMN (n = 2) were 100, 92, 92, and 83%; and 100, 0, 0, and 0%, respectively. There was a significant difference in survival between patients with noninvasive IPMN and those with minimally invasive IPMN (p = 0.0005). No patient with noninvasive IPMN developed recurrent disease. One patient with minimally invasive IPMN died of recurrent peritoneal dissemination 18 months after margin‐positive R1 resection. Two patients died of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, 30 and 78 months after inferior head resection.ConclusionsPancreatic endocrine and exocrine function was well preserved after inferior head resection. Pancreatic fistula occurred more frequently after inferior head resection than with conventional pancreatoduodenectomy. Patients with noninvasive IPMN had favorable survivals after this procedure. However, one patient with minimally invasive IPMN with margin‐positive R1 resection died of recurrent disease. Thus, margin‐negative R0 resection should be performed for IPMN.
Diagnosis, treatment, follow‐up and gene mutation analysis in four Chinese children with biotinidase deficiency
Authors: Ye J. , Wang T. , Han L. S. , Qiu W. J. , Zhang H. W. , Zhang Y. F. , Gao X. L. , Wang Y. , Gu X. F. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryObjective: To report the clinical course and explore the gene mutation spectrum of four Chinese children with biotinidase deficiency. Methods: Four Chinese patients aged 4 months to 8 years were referred to this study. Tandem mass spectrometry, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and the determination of biotinidase activities were performed for selective screening of biotinidase deficiency. Four patients with biotinidase deficiency were diagnosed, treated with biotin and followed. Results: (1) Four patients with biotinidase deficiency were diagnosed by characteristic metabolites, such as elevated blood levels of 3‐hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine (6.22 ± 3.1 μmol/L), elevated 3‐methylcrontonylglycine, methylcitrate and 3‐hydroxypropionate in urine and very low biotinidase activities. (2) These patients have been treated with biotin for 1–8 years; two of them still have mental retardation, and two have irreversible hearing or vision disability. (3) In the four patients, six different mutations in the biotinidase gene were identified: c.98G:del7ins3, c.1369G>A (p. V457M), c.1384delA, c.1493_1494insT, c.1284C>A (p.Y428X) and c.1157G>A (p.W386X). The latter four mutations are novel variations. Seven out of eight mutations are located on exon 4 of the biotinidase gene. Conclusions: Early recognition of biotinidase deficiency is crucial to avoid permanent damage. Determination of biotinidase activity should be included in neonatal screening in China. Exon 4 may be a hot‐spot for biotinidase gene mutations in Chinese patients. Four novel gene variations may be disease‐causing mutations and should be confirmed by expression studies.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 4‐Diethyl Amino Benzaldehyde Schiff Base Cationic Amphiphiles as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Different Acidic Media
Authors: Negm Nabel A. , Zaki Mohamad F. , Salem Mounir A. I. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA novel series of cationic surfactants containing Schiff base groups were synthesized by condensation of fatty amines namely: dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl and octadecyl amine and 4‐diethyl aminobenzaldehyde. The chemical structures of these surfactants were confirmed using elemental analysis, FTIR spectra, 1H‐NMR and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Surface properties of the synthesized compounds were determined using surface tension techniques. The results of the surface tension measurements showed good surface behaviors of these compounds in their aqueous solutions. The surface activities were found to be greatly influenced by the chemical structures of the synthesized compounds. The synthesized cationic Schiff bases were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in different acidic media (HCl and H2SO4) at different doses (400, 200, 100, 50, 25 ppm). The corrosion inhibition efficiencies of these inhibitors were calculated using the corrosion rates of the carbon steel in the studied media and found in the acceptable range of the commercially used inhibitors. Also the chemical structure of these inhibitors was found of great influence on their inhibiting efficiency.
Contemporary hysteroscopic methods for female sterilization
Authors: Smith Roger D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA permanent contraceptive method that avoids abdominal incisions and general anesthetic should be safer than sterilization by laparoscopy or laparotomy. In theory, the transcervical route ought to be ideal for female sterilization. However, past attempts have not seen widespread success, and contemporary efforts demonstrate that challenges to the creation of an ideal transcervical sterilization technique continue to exist. After 6 years of use, clinical data and real‐world experience indicate that the Essure permanent birth control system is a viable option. Efficacy of 99.74% has been demonstrated. Adverse effects and risks are low. Patient satisfaction is high. Successful placement is observed in worldwide marketing. It can be placed in the office setting, which offsets the relatively high cost of the device. Recent data suggest that patients and surgeons are choosing hysteroscopic sterilization over laparoscopic and postpartum sterilization. Adiana emerged in 2009 as a second hysteroscopic sterilization option. Challenges continue to exist for transcervical sterilization. Compliance with post‐procedure confirmation imaging is not universal. Real‐world contraception failures are seen in a setting of protocol non‐compliance. However, extrapolation of the failure rates in real‐world use seems to be comparable with other laparoscopic and abdominal sterilization methods.
Transretropubic traction vaginoplasty for correction of vaginal aplasia
Authors: Darwish Atef Mohammad 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo introduce an alternative approach to vaginoplasty using transretropubic traction (TRT).MethodsIn this case series with 4 patients with complete vaginal aplasia, a plastic “olive” placed on the vaginal dimple was lifted by a mesh tape inserted through the space of Retzius and anchored to the anterior abdominal wall.ResultsOn day 8 postoperatively all patients had a reasonable vaginal size, 2.5 to 3 cm in width and 6 to 7.5 cm in length. The mean satisfaction scores were 86 points for the patients and 89 points for their husbands, who also reported a mean penetration score of 90 points.ConclusionAs a minimal‐access and relatively simple operation, TRT vaginoplasty could be performed by trained gynecologists. Studies with larger populations are required to support this preliminary report.
Prevalence and impact of primary dysmenorrhea among Mexican high school students
Authors: Ortiz Mario I. , Rangel‐Flores Eduardo , Carrillo‐Alarcón Lourdes C. , Veras‐Godoy Humberto A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate factors affecting the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in a group of Mexican students.MethodA questionnaire was administered to 1152 high school students and the obtained data about severity, symptoms, and medications used were analyzed.ResultsDysmenorrhea had a prevalence of 48.4% and was the cause of school absences for 24% of the affected students. It was mild in 32.9%, moderate in 49.7%, and severe in 17.4% of these students, of whom 28% consulted a physician and 60.9% self‐medicated. The most common over‐the‐counter drugs used were a combination of paracetamol, pamabrom and pyrilamine maleate; metamizol (a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug) plus butylhioscine; and naproxen. We found a significant correlation between the presence of dysmenorrhea and smoking, cycle pattern, cycle duration, flow duration, and amount of flow.ConclusionThe prevalence of dysmenorrhea was high in our sample. The condition caused short‐term school absences and the students commonly addressed it by self‐medicating.
Schistosoma mansoniinfection as a predictor of severe anaemia in schoolchildren in eastern Sudan
Authors: Mahgoub H.M. , Mohamed A.A. , Magzoub M. , Gasim G.I. , Eldein W.N. , Ahmed A.A. , Adam I. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for severe anaemia among schoolchildren in New Halfa, eastern Sudan. After taking age and gender, haemoglobin (Hb) levels were measured and all children were screened for malaria and intestinal parasitic infections, including schistosomiasis. Six hundred and forty (230 boys, 410 girls) schoolchildren aged 8–18 years were enrolled. The mean (SD) of the haemoglobin was 9.6 (1.7) mg/dl. One hundred and eleven (17.3%) and 33 (5.2%) children hadSchistosoma mansoniinfection andHymenolepis nanainfection, respectively. Five hundred and eighty (90.6%) of these children had anaemia (Hb < 12 g/dl), and 103 (16.0%) of them had severe anaemia (Hb < 8 g/dl). Girls (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.1–5.3;P = 0.01) were at higher risk for severe anaemia in univariate and multivariate analyses.Schistosoma mansoniinfections were associated with severe anaemia in univariate analyses only. Thus, there was a high prevalence of severe anaemia among these children. This needs to be investigated in more depth in the future, and more attention should be paid to the health of adolescent girls.
Genetic differentiation of Echinostoma revolutum and Hypodereaum conoideum from domestic ducks in Thailand by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis
Authors: Saijuntha W. , Sithithaworn P. , Andrews R.H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEchinostomes are common intestinal parasites causing zoonotic disease, which are endemic worldwide. Of the four species of medically important echinostomes reported in Thailand, two species, Echinostoma revolutum and Hypodereaum conoideum, have been detected in poultry. These two parasites are morphologically similar and are sometimes difficult to distinguish. In the present study, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was used to differentiate E. revolutum from H. conoideum collected from domestic ducks in Thailand. The parasites were compared using 22 enzymes with 30 presumptive enzyme loci. The two species of echinostome could be distinguished at 17 of the 30 enzyme loci. Several loci were polymorphic within each species, suggesting that these can be used to examine their population genetics.
daf-7-related TGF-β homologues from Trichostrongyloid nematodes show contrasting life-cycle expression patterns
Authors: McSORLEY H. J. , GRAINGER J. R. , HARCUS Y. , MURRAY J. , NISBET A. J. , KNOX D. P. , MAIZELS R. M. 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYThe transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) gene family regulates critical processes in animal development, and plays a crucial role in regulating the mammalian immune response. We aimed to identify TGF-β homologues from 2 laboratory model nematodes (Heligmosomoides polygyrusandNippostrongylus brasiliensis) and 2 major parasites of ruminant livestock (Haemonchus contortusandTeladorsagia circumcincta). Parasite cDNA was used as a template for gene-specific PCR and RACE. Homologues of the TGH-2 subfamily were isolated, and found to differ in length (301, 152, 349 and 305 amino acids respectively), with variably truncated N-terminal pre-proteins. All contained conserved C-terminal active domains (>85% identical over 115 amino acids) containing 9 cysteine residues, as inC. elegansDAF-7,Brugia malayiTGH-2 and mammalian TGF-β. Surprisingly, only theH. contortushomologue retained a conventional signal sequence, absent from shorter proteins of other species. RT-PCR assays of transcription showed that inH. contortusandN. brasiliensisexpression was maximal in the infective larval stage, and very low in adult worms. In contrast, inH. polygyrusandT. circumcincta, tgh-2transcription is higher in adults than infective larvae. The molecular evolution of this gene family in parasitic nematodes has diversified the pre-protein and life-cycle expression patterns of TGF-β homologues while conserving the structure of the active domain.
Naturalizing Humanity: Genealogy and the Politics of Storytelling in Boccaccio'sDecameron
Authors: Farneti Roberto 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn his literary masterwork, theDecameron, Boccaccio undertakes a thorough examination of human values along the lines he had drawn in his history of the origins of the gods, theGenealogie deorum gentilium libri, on the assumption that values, in a world emptied of the gods, retain a similarly normative and aggregating function. To Boccaccio both gods and values are transient items in a moral ontology that acknowledges only one set of perennial items: natural impulses and dispositions. Boccaccio adopts a particular stance towards the emergence of values: genealogy is, for him, a distinctive way to examine the processes whereby beliefs, attitudes, and values come about.
Baconian Science and the Intelligibility of Human Experience: The Case of Love
Authors: Minkov Svetozar 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPerhaps surprisingly, one of the founders of the modern technological world, Francis Bacon, has a penetrating and sustained lifelong engagement with the phenomenon of love or eros. Bacon's reflections on eros come in two stages. He first examines the human and moral meaning of love. Bacon attends to the exorbitant promises of love—to bring us into a perfect condition, to grant us eternity—and finds them confused or unreasonable. Bacon then moves away from an engagement with the simple experiences of love and their promises. Departing from the human perspective, he proceeds to examine love, from the point of view of natural science or cosmology, as a fundamental property or principle of matter. This departure tends to lead, at least in the case of Bacon's followers, if not in Bacon's own case, to an obliviousness to both his cynical and appreciative insights into love.
The Limits of Constructivism: Can Rawls Condemn Female Genital Mutilation?
Authors: Koppelman Andrew 
Published: August 2009

AbstractConstructivist political theory, championed most prominently by John Rawls, builds up a conception of justice from the minimal requirements of political life. It has two powerful attractions. It promises a kind of civic unity in the face of irresolvable differences about the good life. It also offers a foundation for human rights that is secure in the face of those same differences. The very parsimony that is its strength, however, deprives it of the resources to condemn some atrocities. Because it focuses on the political aspect of persons, it has difficulty cognizing violence done to those aspects of the person that are not political, preeminently the body. Constructivism thus can be only a part of an acceptable theory of justice.
Choice experiments in health: the good, the bad, the ugly and toward a brighter future
Authors: LOUVIERE JORDAN J. , LANCSAR EMILY 
Published: August 2009

Abstract:Compared to many applied areas of economics, health economics has a strong tradition in eliciting and using stated preferences (SP) in policy analysis. Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are one SP method increasingly used in this area. Literature on DCEs in health and more generally has grown rapidly since the mid-1990s. Applications of DCEs in health have come a long way, but to date few have been ‘best practice’, in part because ‘best practice’ has been somewhat of a moving target. The purpose of this paper is to briefly survey the history of DCEs and the state of current knowledge, identify and discuss knowledge gaps, and suggest potentially fruitful areas for future research to fill such gaps with the aim of moving the application of DCEs in health economics closer to best practice.
The long‐term effects of counselling: The process and mechanisms that contribute to ongoing change from a user perspective
Authors: Perren Sara , Godfrey Mary , Rowland Nancy 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAims: This qualitative study aimed to expand the limited evidence base about the long‐term effects of psychological therapies.Method: We conducted in‐depth interviews with 15 people, 1–3 years after primary care counselling, to investigate whether they could identify enduring benefits and the mechanisms that brought about and maintained them. From their narratives, we developed a model of the change process of counselling and mechanisms that were perceived as essential to produce lasting benefit. The model conceptualised movement through distinct phases: engagement; exploration of internal and external worlds; consolidation and negotiated ending. Results: Mechanisms integral to sustained impact were: the active engagement of people during and between sessions to work toward their own solutions; and acquisition through the change process of skills which could be further built on after the counselling ended. These enabled ongoing, dynamic change in the way people conducted their lives and relationships. Conclusion: A key concept in securing long‐term benefit was co‐production, both during counselling and in taking ownership of and using the ‘box of skills’ acquired. Support of the model was reinforced through comparison with the experience of three interviewees who reported no long‐term benefit.
Hand Hygiene with Soap and Water Is Superior to Alcohol Rub and Antiseptic Wipes for Removal ofClostridium difficile
Authors: Oughton Matthew T. , Loo Vivian G. , Dendukuri Nandini , Fenn Susan , Libman Michael D. 
Published: August 2009

Objective.To evaluate common hand hygiene methods for efficacy in removingClostridium difficik.Design.Randomized crossover comparison among 10 volunteers with hands experimentally contaminated by nontoxigenic C.difficile.Methods.Interventions included warm water with plain soap, cold water with plain soap, warm water with antibacterial soap, antiseptic hand wipes, alcohol-based handrub, and a control involving no Intervention. All interventions were evaluated for mean reduction in colony-forming units (CFUs) under 2 contamination protocols: “whole hand” and “palmar surface.” Results were analyzed according to a Bayesian approach, by using hierarchical models adjusted for multiple observations.Results.Under the whole-hand protocol, the greatest adjusted mean reductions were achieved by warm water with plain soap (2.14 log10CFU/mL [95% credible interval (Cri), 1.74-2.54 log10CFU/mL]), cold water with plain soap (1.88 log10CFU/mL [95% Cri, 1.48-2.28 log10CFU/mL), and warm water with antibacterial soap (1.51 log10CFU/mL [95% Cri, 1.12-1.91 logu, CFU/mL]), followed by antiseptic hand wipes (0.57 log10CFU/mL [95% Cri, 0.17-0.96 log10CFU/mL]). Alcohol-based handrub (0.06 log10CFU/mL [95% CrI, -0.34 to 0.45 log10CFU/mL]) was equivalent to no Intervention. Under the palmar surface protocol, warm water with plain soap, cold water with plain soap, and warm water with antibacterial soap again yielded the greatest mean reductions, followed by antiseptic hand wipes (26.6, 26.6, 26.6, and 21.9 CFUs per plate, respectively), when compared with alcohol-based handrub. Hypothenar (odds ratio, 10.98 [95% Cri, 1.96-37.65]) and thenar (odds ratio, 6.99 [95% Cri, 1.25-23.41]) surfaces were more likely than fingertips to remain heavily contaminated after handwashing.Conclusions.Handwashing with soap and water showed the greatest efficacy in removingC. difficileand should be performed preferentially over the use of alcohol-based handrubs when contact withC. difficileis suspected or likely.
A cladistic analysis of the cockroach wasps based on morphological data (Hymenoptera: Ampulicidae)
Authors: Ohl Michael , Spahn Philipp 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe Ampulicidae are one of the most basal groups within the apoid wasps, the paraphyletic assemblage of wasps previously known as Sphecidae. The morphology and taxonomy of the Ampulicidae are poorly studied, and there is no strict cladistic approach on their phylogeny yet. Here we assemble morphological characters of phylogenetic significance and submit them to parsimony analyses using modern cladistic methods. This produces a well‐resolved and firmly supported phylogenetic hypothesis on the generic relationships within the group. Based on our phylogenetic results a revised classification is provided, subdividing the Ampulicidae into two monophyletic subfamilies, Ampulicinae (Ampulex and Trirogma) and Dolichurinae, the latter comprising two monophyletic tribes, Dolichurini (Dolichurus and Paradolichurus) and Aphelotomini, new tribe (Aphelotoma and Riekefella). Based on the resulting cladogram, the historical biogeography and the fossil record of Ampulicidae are briefly discussed.© The Willi Hennig Society 2009.