bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic maxillary molar movement-induced zygomatic pillar remodeling and its consequences on occlusal characteristics and stress distribution
Authors: Li Size , Bao Han , Su Xiaojie , Xiong Liping , Yin Qianwen , Gu Deao , Miao Leiying , Liu Chao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to evaluate changes in the zygomatic pillar during orthodontic treatment involving premolar extraction, analyze the effects of maxillary first molar movement on zygomatic pillar remodeling, and examine occlusal characteristics and stress distribution after remodeling.

Methods
Twenty-five patients who underwent premolar extraction were included in the study. The zygomatic pillar measurement range was defined, and cross-sectional areas, surface landmark coordinates, alveolar and cortical bone thicknesses, and density changes were assessed using Mimics software based on the cone-beam computed tomography scans taken before (T0) and after the treatment (T1). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between changes in the zygomatic pillar and maxillary first molar three-dimensional (3D) movement and rotation. Additionally, the correlation between pillar remodeling and occlusal characteristics was analyzed by Teetester. Pre- and post-reconstruction 3D finite element models were constructed and loaded with an average occlusal force of two periods.

Results
The morphological and structural remodeling of the zygomatic pillar after orthodontic treatment involving premolar extraction showed a decreased cross-sectional area of the lower segment of the zygomatic pillar. The zygomatic process point moved inward and backward, whereas the zygomatico-maxillary suture point moved backward. The thicknesses of the zygomatic pillar alveolar and cortical bones were thinner, and reduced alveolar bone density was observed. Simultaneously, the movement and angle change of the maxillary first molar could predict zygomatic pillar reconstruction to a certain extent. With decreasing the total occlusal force and the occlusal force of the first molar, occlusal force distribution was more uniform. With zygomatic pillar remodeling, occlusal stress distribution in the zygomatic alveolar ridge decreased, and occlusal stress was concentrated at the junction of the vertical and horizontal parts of the zygomatic bone and the posterior part of the zygomatic arch.

Conclusions
Orthodontic treatment involving premolar extraction led to zygomatic pillar remodeling, making it more fragile than before and reducing the occlusal force of the maxillary first molar and the entire dentition with stress concentrated in weak areas.

Clinical relevance
No other study has focused on the effects of orthodontics on pillar structures. The present study indicates that the mesial movement of the maxillary first molar weakened the zygomatic pillar and reduced occlusal function, thereby providing insights for inserting anchorage screws and facial esthetics.
Risk factors for PTSD symptoms following PICU admission for childhood septic shock
Authors: Corbet Burcher Georgina J. , O’Dea Lisa A. , Cooper Mehrengise K. , Lancaster Rebecca , McCutcheon Robert A. , Garralda M. Elena , Nadel Simon 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
Paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission represents a traumatic event for many children. Follow-up studies have found post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rates of 10–30%, with a particular prevalence following admission for sepsis. Dysregulated inflammatory responses are associated with PTSD. Sepsis involves a marked inflammatory response but the relationship between this and PTSD have not been clearly established. In this study we investigate associations between the inflammatory response, psychosocial risk factors, and PTS symptoms following PICU admission for septic shock.
We investigate the outcomes for children aged > 3 years, discharged from one PICU following admission for septic shock between 2010 and 2017. The study was a retrospective analysis of PICU-specific PTS symptoms reported by parents at any time since discharge via the Trauma and Behavior Health screen. Demographics, pre-morbid health characteristics, and exposure to other traumatic events were assessed. Clinical characteristics and blood test results at admission and at 48 h were recorded from clinical records. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate relationships between PTS symptom scores and predictor variables.
Data for 65 participants (48% male, median assessment age 8.0 years) was available. Median time since admission was 5.1 years. 30.8% children scored at risk of PTSD at any time since discharge Symptoms were significantly associated with acute CRP rise (p 0.03), other trauma exposures (p = 0.01), and female gender (p =0.04).
PTS symptoms in children who have survived septic shock are prevalent. These findings support a possible contribution of acute inflammatory changes, cumulative traumatic exposure, and female gender in post-PICU PTSD development.
Effects of different mesh materials on complications after prophylactic placement for stoma formation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Meng C. , Wei Q. , Sun L. , Zhang X. , Liu Y. , Gao J. , Wei P. , Yang Z. , Yao H. , Zhang Z. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We primary aimed to synthesise the available data, assess the effectiveness of different mesh materials in prophylactic mesh placement, and rank these materials according to the incidence of parastomal hernia (PSH) and other stoma complications.

Method
This network meta-analysis performed a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement. Four databases were searched for randomised controlled trials of prophylactic mesh placement. The aggregated results were performed in the STATA routine for Bayesian hierarchical random effects models.

Result
Thirteen randomised controlled trials from 1203 articles, met the inclusion criteria, including 681 cases without meshes, 65 cases with mesh material of xenogeneic acellular dermis (porcine/bovine), 27 cases with polypropylene/PG910, 114 cases with polypropylene/polyglecaprone (Monocryl), 117 cases with polypropylene/cellulose (ORC), 233 cases with polypropylene, and 35 cases with polypropylene/PVDF. In network A, compared with no mesh, only polypropylene (RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.04–0.80) were significantly associated with a reduction in the incidence of PSH. In network B, no statistical difference regarding stoma complications was found between mesh and no mesh.

Conclusion
Based on the network meta-analysis and ranking results, the polypropylene mesh material exhibited the best performance. However, this conclusion needs to be confirmed with larger sample sizes and high-quality randomised controlled trials.
Handwritten stenography recognition and the LION dataset
Authors: Heil Raphaela , Nauwerck Malin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we establish the first baseline for handwritten stenography recognition, using the novel LION dataset, and investigate the impact of including selected aspects of stenographic theory into the recognition process. We make the LION dataset publicly available with the aim of encouraging future research in handwritten stenography recognition. A state-of-the-art text recognition model is trained to establish a baseline. Stenographic domain knowledge is integrated by transforming the target sequences into representations which approximate diplomatic transcriptions, wherein each symbol in the script is represented by its own character in the transliteration, as opposed to corresponding combinations of characters from the Swedish alphabet. Four such encoding schemes are evaluated and results are further improved by integrating a pre-training scheme, based on synthetic data. The baseline model achieves an average test character error rate (CER) of 29.81% and a word error rate (WER) of 55.14%. Test error rates are reduced significantly (p< 0.01) by combining stenography-specific target sequence encodings with pre-training and fine-tuning, yielding CERs in the range of 24.5–26% and WERs of 44.8–48.2%. An analysis of selected recognition errors illustrates the challenges that the stenographic writing system poses to text recognition. This work establishes the first baseline for handwritten stenography recognition. Our proposed combination of integrating stenography-specific knowledge, in conjunction with pre-training and fine-tuning on synthetic data, yields considerable improvements. Together with our precursor study on the subject, this is the first work to apply modern handwritten text recognition to stenography. The dataset and our code are publicly available via Zenodo.
Dynamic minimisation of the commute time for a one-dimensional diffusion
Authors: Hernández-Hernández Ma. Elena , Jacka Saul D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMotivated in part by a problem in simulated tempering (a form of Markov chain Monte Carlo) we seek to minimise, in a suitable sense, the time it takes a (regular) diffusion with instantaneous reflection at 0 and 1 to travel to 1 and then return to the origin (the so-called commute time from 0 to 1). Substantially extending results in a previous paper, we consider a dynamic version of this problem where the control mechanism is related to the diffusion’s drift via the corresponding scale function. We are only able to choose the drift at each point at the time of first visiting that point and the drift is constrained on a set of the form $$[0,\ell )\cup (i,1]$$

[
0
,
ℓ
)
∪
(
i
,
1
]

. This leads to a type of stochastic control problem with infinite dimensional state.
Will senior adults accept being cognitively assessed by a conversational agent? a user-interaction pilot study
Authors: Pacheco-Lorenzo Moisés R. , Anido-Rifón Luis E. , Fernández-Iglesias Manuel J. , Valladares-Rodríguez Sonia M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background: early detection of dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) have an utmost significance nowadays, and smart conversational agents are becoming more and more capable. DigiMoCA, an Alexa-based voice application for the screening of MCI, was developed and tested. Objective: to evaluate the acceptability and usability of DigiMoCA, considering the perception of end-users and cognitive assessment administrators, through standard evaluation questionnaires. Method: a sample of 46 individuals and 24 evaluators participated in this study. End-users were fairly heterogeneous considering demographic and neuro-psychological characteristics. Evaluators were mostly health and social care professionals, relatively well-balanced in terms of gender, career background and years of experience. Results: end-users acceptability ratings were generally positive (rating above 3 in a 5-point scale for all dimensions) and it improved significantly after the interaction with DigiMoCA. Administrators also rated the usability of DigiMoCA, with an average score of 5.86/7 and with high internal consistency ($$\alpha $$
α
= 0.95). Conclusion: although there is still room for improvement in terms of user satisfaction and voice interface, DigiMoCA is perceived as an acceptable, accessible and usable cognitive screening tool, both by individuals being tested and test administrators.

Graphical abstract
The Garden of Forking Paths: Reinterpreting Haseman-Elston Regression for a Genotype-by-Environment Model
Authors: Chen Guo-Bo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHaseman-Elston regression (HE-reg) has been known as a classic tool for detecting an additive genetic variance component. However, in this study we find that HE-reg can capture GxE under certain conditions, so we derive and reinterpret the analytical solution of HE-reg. In the presence of GxE, it leads to a natural discrepancy between linkage and association results, the latter of which is not able to capture GxE if the environment is unknown. Considering linkage and association as symmetric designs, we investigate how the symmetry can and cannot hold in the absence and presence of GxE, and consequently we propose a pair of statistical tests, Symmetry Test I and Symmetry Test II, both of which can be tested using summary statistics. Test statistics, and their statistical power issues are also investigated for Symmetry Tests I and II. Increasing the number of sib pairs is important to improve statistical power for detecting GxE.
3D bioprinted mesenchymal stem cell laden scaffold enhances subcutaneous vascularization for delivery of cell therapy
Authors: Bo Tommaso , Pascucci Elia , Capuani Simone , Campa-Carranza Jocelyn Nikita , Franco Letizia , Farina Marco , Secco Jacopo , Becchi Sara , Cavazzana Rosanna , Joubert Ashley L. , Hernandez Nathanael , Chua Corrine Ying Xuan , Grattoni Alessandro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSubcutaneous delivery of cell therapy is an appealing minimally-invasive strategy for the treatment of various diseases. However, the subdermal site is poorly vascularized making it inadequate for supporting engraftment, viability, and function of exogenous cells. In this study, we developed a 3D bioprinted scaffold composed of alginate/gelatin (Alg/Gel) embedded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to enhance vascularization and tissue ingrowth in a subcutaneous microenvironment. We identified bio-ink crosslinking conditions that optimally recapitulated the mechanical properties of subcutaneous tissue. We achieved controlled degradation of the Alg/Gel scaffold synchronous with host tissue ingrowth and remodeling. Further, in a rat model, the Alg/Gel scaffold was superior to MSC-embedded Pluronic hydrogel in supporting tissue development and vascularization of a subcutaneous site. While the scaffold alone promoted vascular tissue formation, the inclusion of MSCs in the bio-ink further enhanced angiogenesis. Our findings highlight the use of simple cell-laden degradable bioprinted structures to generate a supportive microenvironment for cell delivery.
Graphical Abstract
CMR-based cardiac phenotyping in different forms of heart failure
Authors: Lange Torben , Backhaus Sören J. , Schulz Alexander , Hashemi Djawid , Evertz Ruben , Kowallick Johannes T. , Hasenfuß Gerd , Kelle Sebastian , Schuster Andreas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is a heterogenous disease requiring precise diagnostics and knowledge of pathophysiological processes. Since structural and functional imaging data are scarce we hypothesized that cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-based analyses would provide accurate characterization and mechanistic insights into different HF groups comprising preserved (HFpEF), mid-range (HFmrEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). 22 HFpEF, 17 HFmrEF and 15 HFrEF patients as well as 19 healthy volunteers were included. CMR image assessment contained left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) volumetric evaluation as well as left atrioventricular coupling index (LACI). Furthermore, CMR feature-tracking included LV and LA strain in terms of reservoir (Es), conduit (Ee) and active boosterpump (Ea) function. CMR-based tissue characterization comprised T1 mapping as well as late-gadolinium enhancement (LGE) analyses. HFpEF patients showed predominant atrial impairment (Es 20.8%vs.25.4%, p = 0.02 and Ee 8.3%vs.13.5%, p = 0.001) and increased LACI compared to healthy controls (14.5%vs.23.3%, p = 0.004). Patients with HFmrEF showed LV enlargement but mostly preserved LA function with a compensatory increase in LA boosterpump (LA Ea: 15.0%, p = 0.049). In HFrEF LA and LV functional impairment was documented (Es: 14.2%, Ee: 5.4% p < 0.001 respectively; Ea: 8.8%, p = 0.02). This was paralleled by non-invasively assessed progressive fibrosis (T1 mapping and LGE; HFrEF > HFmrEF > HFpEF). CMR-imaging reveals insights into HF phenotypes with mainly atrial affection in HFpEF, ventricular affection with atrial compensation in HFmrEF and global impairment in HFrEF paralleled by progressive LV fibrosis. These data suggest a necessity for a personalized HF management based on imaging findings for future optimized patient management.
Why Do Learners (Under)Utilize Interleaving in Learning Confusable Categories? The Role of Metastrategic Knowledge and Utility Value of Distinguishing
Authors: Abel Roman , de Bruin Anique , Onan Erdem , Roelle Julian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDistinguishing easily confusable categories requires learners to detect their predictive differences. Interleaved sequences — switching between categories — help learners to detect such differences. Nonetheless, learners prefer to block — switching within a category — to detect commonalities. Across two 2 × 2-factorial experiments, we investigated why learners scarcely engage in interleaving when learning confusable categories. In Experiment 1 (N = 190), we investigated the role of the utility value of being able to distinguish confusable mushroom doubles on their spontaneous study sequence choices and of the conditional knowledge component that for distinguishing, the detection of differences (between the doubles) matters. In Experiment 2 (N = 134), we again investigated the role of the latter and additionally of the conditional knowledge component that interleaving highlights differences. Results showed that combining two factors — increasing the utility value of distinguishing and informing learners that for distinguishing, the detection of differences matters — fostered learners’ use of interleaving. In conclusion, learners are more aware that interleaving highlights differences than previously thought. Nonetheless, learners prefer blocking because they do not recognize the utility value of distinguishing, and they lack the conditional knowledge that distinguishing requires finding predictive differences. Their blocked study sequence choices reflect a deliberate investment of effort to find commonalities rather than just avoiding effort. To make learners shift their effort allocation from finding commonalities to finding differences and engage them in spontaneous interleaving, we recommend highlighting the utility value of distinguishing and informing learners about the importance of finding differences for distinguishing.
A biogas-fired cogeneration (cooling and power) system combined with biomethane facilities: 3E evaluation, sensitivity analyses and optimization
Authors: Gholizadeh Towhid , Ghiasirad Hamed , Rostami Saeed , Skorek-Osikowska Anna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe increasing demand for power and cooling generation presents a dual challenge: an unavoidable increase in carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion and the associated difficulties in meeting the escalating investment requirements for power plant generation. As a result, there is an urgent call for the advancement of innovative cycles that not only improve performance, but also play a role in mitigating carbon emissions. This study presents a novel approach to biogas-powered cogeneration with the objective of concurrently producing electricity and cooling while utilizing heat from liquefied natural gas. The primary objective is to achieve a reduction in carbon emissions compared to similar existing work. The innovative system combines an open-loop Brayton cycle (gas turbine cycle) powered by biogas, a closed-loop Brayton cycle, a liquefied natural gas open power generation cycle, and a dual-stage combined cooling and power unit consisting of an organic Rankine cycle integrated with an ejector refrigeration cycle. A thermodynamic and economic analysis was conducted to assess the performance of the current study in comparison to previous models. To achieve optimum conditions, a comprehensive multi-objective optimization has been used, taking into account crucial decision variables, energy and exergy indicators, the carbon emission per energy ratio of the product, and the overall cost of the unit product. The results obtained underscore the environmental superiority of this system over other proposals. In the most optimal state, this system demonstrates a remarkable 48% reduction in carbon emissions. Optimization reveals that the developed unit can generate 1860 kW of net electricity and 427.3 kW of cooling. Achieving an energetic efficiency of 80.79%, an exergetic efficiency of 41.5%, a carbon emission per energy ratio of product of 9.902 kg/kW per day, and a unit cost of products of 9.816 $/GJ. In particular, the energy efficiency of the integrated gas turbine closed-loop Brayton cycle system experiences a remarkable 71.17% improvement under optimal conditions. Among the various components of the developed cogeneration system, the combustion chamber contributes the most to the overall exergy destruction rate, closely followed by the condenser, the first heat exchanger of the liquefied natural gas power system. Proposed CCP system fueled by biogas and LNG.
Graphical abstract
Nitrous oxide and methane fluxes from plasma-treated pig slurry applied to winter wheat
Authors: Lloyd I. L. , Grayson R. P. , Galdos M. V. , Morrison R. , Chapman P. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe use of livestock waste as an organic fertiliser releases significant greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating climate change. Innovative fertiliser management practices, such as treating slurry with plasma induction, have the potential to reduce losses of carbon and nitrogen to the environment. The existing research on the effectiveness of plasma-treated slurry at reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions, however, is not comprehensive, although must be understood if this technology is to be utilised on a large scale. A randomised block experiment was conducted to measure soil fluxes of N2O and CH4 from winter wheat every two hours over an 83-day period using automated chambers. Three treatments receiving a similar amount of plant-available N were used: (1) inorganic fertiliser (IF); (2) pig slurry combined with inorganic fertiliser (PS); (3) plasma-treated pig slurry combined with inorganic fertiliser (TPS). Cumulative N2O fluxes from TPS (1.14 g N m−2) were greater than those from PS (0.32 g N m−2) and IF (0.13 g N m−2). A diurnal pattern in N2O fluxes was observed towards the end of the experiment for all treatments, and was driven by increases in water-filled pore space and photosynthetically active radiation and decreases in air temperature. Cumulative CH4 fluxes from PS (3.2 g C m−2) were considerably greater than those from IF (− 1.4 g C m−2) and TPS (− 1.4 g C m−2). The greenhouse gas intensity of TPS (0.2 g CO2-eq kg grain−1) was over twice that of PS (0.07 g CO2-eq kg grain−1) and around six times that of IF (0.03 g CO2-eq kg grain−1). Although treating pig slurry with plasma induction considerably reduced CH4 fluxes from soil, it increased N2O emissions, resulting in higher non-CO2 emissions from this treatment. Life-cycle analysis will be required to evaluate whether the upstream manufacturing and transport emissions associated with inorganic fertiliser usage are outweighed by the emissions observed following the application of treated pig slurry to soil.