bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of arterial oxygen‐haemoglobin saturation in newborn lambs by pulse oximetry
Authors: Norton J. R. , Jackson P. G. G. , Taylor P. M. 
Published: October 2010

Percentage arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) was measured in 69 neonatal lambs at one, five and 10 minutes after birth using a pulse oximeter applied to the tail. The lambs were given a subjective vitality score from 1 to 4, with 1 being normal and 4 being stillborn. Of the 42 lambs born after a normal parturition, 19 were measured after one minute, 29 after five minutes and 24 after 10 minutes; the mean (sd) SpO2 values of these groups were 67 (15) per cent, 84 (9) per cent and 83 (9) per cent, respectively. Of the 27 lambs born after dystocia, 16 were measured after one minute, 18 after five minutes and 12 after 10 minutes; the mean (sd) SpO2 values of these groups were 61 (15) per cent, 69 (16) per cent and 69 (19) per cent, respectively. The values measured in the lambs born after dystocia were significantly lower than those in the lambs born normally at five and 10 minutes (P<0.005 and P<0.05, respectively). Of the lambs born with a vitality score of 1, 24 were measured after one minute, 33 after five minutes and 26 after 10 minutes; they had mean SpO2 values of 72 (11), 82 (10) and 81 (12) per cent, respectively. Of the lambs born with vitality scores of 2 or 3, 11 were measured after one minute, 14 after five minutes and 10 after 10 minutes; they had mean SpO2 values of 48 (6), 68 (17) and 72 (20) per cent, respectively. The SPO2 values of the lambs with vitality scores of 2 or 3 were significantly lower than those of the lambs with a vitality score of 1 at one and five minutes after birth (P<0.0001 and P<0.05, respectively).
Efficacy of doxycycline in feed for the control of pneumonia caused by Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in fattening pigs
Authors: Bousquet E. , Pommier P. , Wessel‐Robert S. , Morvan H. , Benoit‐Valiergue H. , Laval A. 
Published: October 2010

A multicentre, controlled, randomised and blinded study was carried out in three French pig herds to assess the efficacy of doxycycline administered in the feed for the control of pneumonia. About 20 per cent of 363 pigs from the three fattening units were diseased at the start of the study. Pneumonic lesions were found on pigs examined postmortem and Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the lungs of pigs in all the herds. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection was confirmed either by detection in pneumonic lungs or by seroconversion in pigs sampled three weeks apart. P multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were isolated from 64 per cent, 50 per cent and 2 per cent, respectively, of 148 nasal swabs. The following variables were significantly different between the treated and untreated groups (P≤0.001): the incidence of diseased pigs during the three weeks from the start of treatment (8.1 per cent in treated group v 35.4 per cent in control group), mean daily weight gain over the same period (934 g/day in the treated group v 834 g/day in the control group) and the cure rate of pigs which were diseased at the start of treatment (73.5 per cent in treated group v 35.3 per cent in control group). These data demonstrate that an average dose of 11 mg doxycycline/kg bodyweight per day in feed for eight days was effective in controlling pneumonia due to P multocida and M hyopneumoniae in these fattening pigs.
Serological and immunohistochemical study of African swine fever in wild boar in Spain
Authors: Pérez J. , Fernández A. , Sierra M. A. , Herráez P. , Fernández A. I. , Martín de las Mulas J. 
Published: October 2010

A serological and immunohistochemical study of African swine fever was carried out in wild boar killed in seven municipalities in the north of the province of Cordoba during two hunting seasons (1991–92 and 1992–93), when the area was affected by the disease. Fourteen of 147 wild boar analysed by ELISA and immunoblotting had antibodies to African swine fever virus. The immunohistochemical study revealed that four cases (two seropositive and two seronegative) showed immunoreactivity to the anti‐vP73 monoclonal antibody. Two of the VP73+wild boar had severe generalised haemorrhages consistent with the acute form of the disease, and another had lesions consistent with subacute African swine fever, but none of the remaining 144 animals had gross or microscopic changes suggestive of the disease. These results indicate that wild boar can suffer from African swine fever without showing clinical signs. The disease in wild boar was associated with the disease in domestic pigs. Thus, no African swine fever‐positive boar were found either in one municipality with no outbreaks in domestic pigs or in three municipalities with only one outbreak in pigs during the hunting seasons and during the previous year. These results suggest that European wild boar do not play an important role as carriers of the virus of African swine fever.
Persistence of the activity of topical ivermectin against biting lice (Bovicola bovis)
Authors: Clymer B. , Newcomb K. M. , Ryan W. G. , Soll M. D. 
Published: October 2010

To assess the persistence of the activity of topical ivermectin against a natural challenge with biting lice (Bovicola bovis), 90 mixed‐breed cattle that had been treated to remove lice, were blocked by bodyweight within sex and randomly allocated to three treatments: untreated control, doramectin at 200 μg/kg by subcutaneous injection, and ivermectin at 500 μg/kg by topical application. Forty‐five pens were blocked into three groups of 15, and the blocks of pens were randomly allocated to three 14‐day challenge periods starting 21, 28 and 35 days after treatment. There were five pens per treatment for each challenge period, and one B bovis ‐infested donor calf was introduced into each pen containing two principal calves at the start of the challenge period for that block of pens. The calves were examined thoroughly for B bovis seven, 14 and 21 days after the introduction of the donors. There were no significant differences between the control and doramectin groups for the numbers of animals infested, or the geometric mean louse counts at the final examination for any of the challenge periods. At the final examination for each challenge period, the louse counts of the cattle treated with topical ivermectin were all zero, and significantly (P<0.05) fewer cattle treated with topical ivermectin were infested than either the controls or cattle treated with doramectin.
Influence of the number of days spent training in an abattoir with access to live cows on the efficiency of do‐it‐yourself artificial insemination
Authors: Howells M. J. , Davies D. A. R. , Dobson H. 
Published: October 2010

Data relating to 35,389 inseminations carried out in the first three years after inseminators were trained were collected by postal questionnaire from 94 do‐it‐yourself (DIY) artificial inseminators in the UK. The mean calving rate from 14,528 inseminations they carried out on 92 farms in the first year after they were trained was 59.4 per cent (range 5 to 92 per cent). In the second year the mean calving rate from 11,515 inseminations by 64 inseminators was 62.3 per cent (range 33 to 88 per cent), and in the third year the mean calving rate from 9346 inseminations by 49 inseminators was 64.6 per cent (range 41 to 92 per cent). There was an increase of 5.2 per cent in the mean calving rate over the three years with an overall mean calving rate of 61.5 per cent. Each trainee carried out an average of 376 inseminations (range 20 to 800) during the three years. Thirteen instructors were responsible for the tuition and the average time the trainees spent in an abattoir with access to live cows was 2.88 days, with a range from none to five days. For the trainees who spent up to three days training in an abattoir there was an increase of 5.9 per cent in the calving rate they achieved in their first year for every day they spent training with access to live cows (P<0.005), but there were no significant effects on the outcome of their inseminations in their second or third years.
A blinded, placebo‐controlled study of the efficacy of borage seed oil and fish oil in the management of canine atopy
Authors: Harvey R. G. 
Published: October 2010

Twenty‐one dogs with atopy were entered into a blinded, placebo‐controlled study lasting eight weeks. They were randomly divided into three groups and were all given supplementary oils orally once daily. The dogs in groups A and B were given borage seed oil and fish oil in combination (Viacutan; Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica) to provide 176 mg/kg or 88 mg/kg borage seed oil respectively. The dogs in group C were given 204 mg/kg olive oil as a placebo. They were all re‐examined after four and eight weeks and scored for pruritus, erythema, oedema, alopecia and self‐excoriation. After eight weeks the scores for erythema and self‐excoriation, and the total score for the dogs in group A, and the total score for the dogs in group B were significantly reduced (P<0.05). The dogs in group C showed no significant improvement.
Infection of gnotobiotic calves with Escherichia coli 0157:H7 strain A84
Authors: Woodward M. J. , Gavier‐Widen D. , McLaren I. M. , Wray C. , Sozmen M. , Pearson G. R. 
Published: October 2010

Six colostrum‐deprived, hysterotomy‐derived calves were maintained under sterile conditions and fed a milk replacer diet. At five days of age, five of the calves were dosed orally with 109 cfu of Escherichia coli 0157: H7 strain A84. They were killed after, one, two, six, 12 and 24 days, and samples were taken for bacteriological and pathological examination. The sixth uninfected control calf was killed at seven days of age and matched samples were taken for pathological comparison. The animals remained normal throughout the observation period. Bacteriological data indicated a heavy bacterial load of strain A84 throughout the gastrointestinal tract but the bacterium was not found in liver, kidney or muscle. No evidence of ‘attaching and effacing’ lesions in the small or large intestine was found although there was a mild inflammatory response in the intestinal tract consisting mainly of infiltrating eosinophils.
Acid‐base disorders in milk‐fed calves with chronic indigestion
Authors: Stocker H. , Lutz H. , Kaufmann C. , Rüsch P. 
Published: October 2010

Acid‐base disorders were investigated in 50 calves with chronic indigestion and metabolic acidosis. In the calves that were unable to stand up, the acidosis was significantly more severe than in the calves that could stand up. The anion gap and four different components of the base excess were calculated by the method described by Fencl. The anion gap was high in more than half of the calves, and it was significantly associated with the base excess due to unidentified anions. However, in seven of the calves, the excess of unidentified anions would not have been detected without the calculations, which made it possible to measure the effect of sodium, chloride, plasma protein and unidentified anions on the acid‐base balance. Twenty‐four of the calves had a combination of hyperchloraemic and high anion gap metabolic acidosis. Changes in sodium and plasma protein concentrations had a minor impact on the calves' acid‐base status.
Prevalence of polycystic kidney disease in Persian cats in the United Kingdom
Authors: Cannon M. J. , Barr F. J. , Rudorf H. , Bradley K. J. , Gruffydd‐Jones T. J. , MacKay A. D. 
Published: October 2010

The prevalence of polycystic kidney disease was assessed in 132 Persian cats, 46 of them referred for the investigation and treatment of medical or surgical conditions, and 86 apparently healthy cats referred specifically to be screened for the disease. Cats referred for the investigation of renomegaly or renal failure were excluded, and cats under 10 months old were only included if they had been examined postmortem. One hundred and twenty‐six of the cats were examined ultrasonographically with a 7.5 MHz sector scanner, and the other six cats were examined postmortem. Forty‐nine of the 86 cats referred specifically for screening (57.0 per cent) and 16 of the 46 cats referred for other clinical reasons (34.8 per cent) were affected by the disease, giving an overall prevalence of 49.2 per cent.
Clinical features of renal tubular dysplasia, a new hereditary disease in Japanese Black cattle
Authors: Ohba Y. , Kitagawa H. , Okura Y. , Kitoh K. , Sasaki Y. 
Published: October 2010

A new hereditary disease characterised by renal failure, poor growth and long hooves in Japanese Black cattle (wagyu) has been recognised in a region of central Japan since 1990. The number of calves affected has increased gradually, with the incidence reaching 17 of 485 (3.51 per cent) in 1995. Almost all the calves were slightly undersized at birth, and repeatedly had diarrhoea during the neonatal period. They began to show signs of growth retardation with proportional body and elongation of the hooves from about two to five months of age, but they had an almost normal or only slightly decreased appetite. The concentrations of urea nitrogen, creatinine and inorganic phosphorus in serum were high, and the affected calves excreted diluted urine frequently. Among 25 cases, the urine of 21 contained occult blood, 24 contained protein and two contained glucose. In 29 calves observed for 30 to 130 days, the course of the disease varied; in 21 of them it remained unchanged, six became gradually worse and two became severely debilitated and died. The disease was diagnosed as renal tubular dysplasia by histopathological examination.
Protection of piglets against atrophic rhinitis by vaccinating the sow with a vaccine against Pasteurella muftocidaand Bordetelia bronchiseptica
Authors: Riising H‐J. , van Empel P. , Witvliet M. 
Published: October 2010

The efficacy of a new vaccine against atrophic rhinitis in pigs was tested in the Netherlands and Denmark. The vaccine contained protein dO (a truncated Pasteurella multocidatoxin which is immunogenic and nontoxic), inactivated Bordetelia bronchisepticawhole cells, and an adjuvant. The sows were either vaccinated intramuscularly with 2 ml of the vaccine at six to eight and two to four weeks before expected farrowing or left unvaccinated as controls. All the piglets were challenged intranasally with B bronchisepticawhen three to seven days old and with P multocidathree to four days later. Pigs born to the vaccinated sows performed significantly better than pigs born to the control sows when judged on growth, average daily weight gain and snout scores. The challenge organisms were reisolated more frequently from the control pigs than from the pigs in the vaccinated group. The vaccinated sows and their progeny developed high titres of antibodies against B bronchisepticaand P multocidatoxin.
Collagenous and elastic system fibres in the aorta of cattle poisoned by Solanum glaucophyllum
Authors: Portiansky E. L , Costa E. F. , Gimeno E. J. , Alonso C. R. 
Published: October 2010

The proportions of fibres of the collagenous and elastic systems were measured in the aortas of three normal heifers and in nine heifers given the calcinogenic plant Solanum glaucophyllum for 15, 30 or 60 days. There were decreases in the amount of collagen relative to reticulin, and in the proportion of elastic fibres which were related to the period of dosing. These changes may have an adverse influence on the animals' cardiovascular function.
Response of pheasants to live attenuated turkey rhinotracheitis vaccine
Authors: Dalton J. R. F. , Niblett J. , Thrusfield M. V. 
Published: October 2010

The entire crop of 18,120 pheasants for the 2000 rearing season (May 8 to August 7) of one estate in the south of England was vaccinated at one day and five weeks of age with a turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) vaccine. Blood samples and oropharyngeal swabs were taken from the second week's hatching every three weeks throughout the growing season to assess the response of the birds. There was evidence of seroconversion in samples collected three weeks after vaccination, with positive titres being maintained in 33 per cent or more of the population up to at least 22 weeks of age. Positive titres were also recorded in samples taken on December 6 from shot birds between 22 and 30 weeks of age. Positive titres to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were identified in a high proportion of the poults as early as one day of age. Reverse‐transcriptase PCR detected IBV‐like virus and TRT of the same subtype as the TRT vaccine administered three weeks previously.
Investigation of the possible spread of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus by the burning of animal carcases on open pyres
Authors: Champion H. J. , Gloster J. , Mason I. S. , Brown R. J. , Donaldson A. I. , Ryall D. B. , Garland A. J. M. 
Published: October 2010

An atmospheric dispersion model was used to predict the airborne spread and concentrations of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus within the plumes generated by 11 pyres built to burn infected carcases during the epidemic of 2001 in the UK. On the basis of assumptions about the quantity of virus emitted during the three hours after the pyres were built, and the threshold concentration of virus required to cause an infection in cattle, it was concluded that none of the disease breakdowns which occurred under the plumes was due to the spread of virus from the pyres.
Lectin binding patterns in hyperplastic and metaplastic bullock prostate tissues after diethyistilbestrol administration
Authors: Fernández P. E. , Portiansky E. L. , Gimeno E. J. , Barbeito C. G. 
Published: October 2010

Hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia of the prostatic epithelium are conditions induced by oestrogens. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) has been banned from cattle used for beef production because of the health risks. The potential use of molecular markers for the detection of illegal oestrogen administration was evaluated by taking samples of prostatic tissue from control bullocks, bullocks which had been treated with oestrogens, and bullocks sacrificed 21 and 90 days after a single dose of DES. The expression of the glycoconjugates was examined by lectinhistochemistry and the lectin binding pattern was characterised in epithelium and connective tissue. In the animals sacrificed after 21 days there was an increase in the binding of one lectin (JAc) and there was an increase in the binding of one of the other lectins (DBA) in the animals sacrificed after 90 days. An increase in SWGA lectin staining was observed in the bullocks that had probably been treated with oestrogen and in the animals sacrificed 90 days after the inoculation with DES. There were also differences between the binding of SWGA in the control bullocks and the other groups.
Disposal and disease rates in British dairy herds between April 1998 and March 2002
Authors: Whitaker D. A. , Macrae A. I. , Burrough E. 
Published: October 2010

Data derived over four years from 434 dairy herds in 1998/99 to 244 in 2001/02 revealed average disposal rates of 22.6 per cent per year, half of which were for poor fertility, mastitis and lameness. The quartile of herds with the lowest disposal rates sold an average of 11.5 per cent annually and the quartile with the highest rates sold 35.5 per cent. Average annual disease rates over the four years were as follows: for assisted calving 7.8 per cent, for digestive disease 1.2 per cent, for ketosis 0.5 per cent, for hypomagnesaemia 0.5 per cent, for hypocalcaemia 5.0 per cent and for injuries 0.8 per cent. The incidence of mastitis increased from 36.0 to 43.3 per cent of cows per year. The incidence of lameness decreased from 23.3 per cent in 1998/99 to 20.7 per cent in 2000/01 but increased to 21.9 per cent in 2001/02. Data received from the same 219 farms during the first three years showed no effective differences from the full set of data for each of the three years. The lowest annual incidences of mastitis and lameness on individual farms were below 7 per cent and 2.5 per cent, respectively. In general, housing cows in cubicles was associated with a greater risk of lameness, and housing them in straw yards with a greater risk of mastitis. However, some of the lowest rates of lameness were recorded in cubicle.housed cows and some of the lowest rates of mastitis were recorded in cows housed in yards. Larger herds were not associated, in general, with higher rates of mastitis.
Effects of a synthetic progestogen, altrenogest, on oestrus synchronisation and fertility in miniature pigs
Authors: Shimatsu Y. , Uchida M. , Niki R. , Imai H. 
Published: October 2010

Groups of six, six and eight miniature gilts, respectively, received 5, 10 or 15 mg/day of altrenogest for 18 days, and the numbers of corpora lutea and residual follicles were counted approximately 14 days after the treatment by an exploratory laparotomy. They were compared with the numbers in a control group of eight gilts which were examined six to eight days after oestrus. The interval between the last dose of altrenogest and the onset of oestrus increased with the dose of altrenogest, and was significantly longer after the treatments with 10 or 15 mg/day than after 5 mg/day (P<0.01). Significantly more corpora lutea were observed in the gilts receiving 5 or 10 mg/day of altrenogest than in the control gilts (P<0.01). Groups of six, seven and six miniature gilts that had respectively received 5, 10 or 15 mg/day of altrenogest were artificially inseminated; four, six and five of the gilts in these groups farrowed, and their mean (sd) litter sizes were 5.5 (2.4), 6.8 (1.2) and 5.0 (2.3), respectively. All six of a group of control gilts farrowed and their mean litter size was 5.8 (1.2).
Survey of the provision of prophylactic dental care for horses in Great Britain and Ireland between 1999 and 2002
Authors: Dixon P. M. , Andrew R. , Brannon H. , Burgess R. , Gibson A. , Little J. C. , Orange B. , Ross L. , Rudolph T. , Shaw D. J. 
Published: October 2010

A survey of 854 horse owners, trainers and equestrian managers in 10 regions of Great Britain and Ireland showed that 83 per cent provided their horses with routine prophylactic dental care at fixed intervals, including 49 per cent at intervals of 12 months and 30 per cent at intervals of six months; a further 10 per cent provided it only when they felt it was required and 7 per cent did not provide it at all. Overall, 44 per cent of the owners had their horse's wolf teeth (first premolar) extracted routinely; when prophylactic dentistry was provided, it was carried out solely by equine dental technicians (EDTs) for 53 per cent of owners, solely by veterinarians for 35 per cent, by both EDTs or veterinarians for 10 per cent of owners and by other than veterinarians or EDTs for 1 per cent. There was confusion among some horse owners concerning the qualifications of the EDTs, because no recognised British qualification was available until towards the end of this survey in 2001. Several reasons were cited by owners for choosing between veterinarians and EDTs including their perceived qualifications, personal recommendations, costs, the availability of a wide range of dental equipment and sedation, and the time and effort devoted to the procedures.