bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0990 Examining the Relationship Between Sleep Duration and Depression
Authors: Alla Rupini , Thakur Bhaskar , Strenth Chance , Gonzalez Leo , Martinez Alejandro , Khan Safia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The full psychological effects of sleep on depression and anxiety are still being investigated. It has been hypothesized that genetic contributions to depressive symptoms increase at both short and long sleep durations. This study aims to see if there is a correlation between duration of sleep and depression and if sociodemographic factors affect this correlation.

Methods
A secondary dataset from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted during 2015 – 2018 with 11,689 individuals was obtained. Questions were asked in the home by trained interviewers regarding sleep duration with the following questions “what time do you usually go to sleep on weekdays or workdays,” “what time do you usually wake up on weekdays or workdays,” and “how much sleep do you usually get at night on weekdays or workdays?” Depression was assessed with the standard PHQ-9 with 0-4 defined as minimal depression, 5-14 as moderate, and 15-27 as severe depression.

Results
The unadjusted data analysis showed that those with short sleep duration had 1.72 times higher likelihood for mild to moderate depression (p&lt; 0.001) and 2.05 times higher likelihood for moderate to severe depression (p&lt; 0.001). Those with long sleep duration had 1.54 times higher likelihood of mild to moderate depression (p&lt; 0.001) and 2.01 times higher chance of moderate to severe depression (p&lt; 0.001). When adjusted for the following variables: ethnicity, marital status, education, income, alcohol consumption, obesity, and smoking, those with short sleep duration had 1.63 times higher chance of mild to moderate depression (p&lt; 0.001) and 1.84 times higher chance of moderate to severe depression (p&lt; 0.001) and those with long sleep duration had 1.32 times higher likelihood of mild to moderate depression (p&lt; 0.001) and 1.65 times higher chance of moderate to severe depression (p= 0.002).

Conclusion
These results confirm that any change to sleep duration, whether short or long, is correlated with increased rates of either moderate or severe depression. This study reflects correlation not causation therefore it is possible that sleep duration affects depression or vice versa. While there are many sociodemographic factors that can affect this correlation, the correlation persists when adjusting for these factors.

Support (if any)
0993 Impaired Executive Functioning Is Linked to Suicidality in Youth with Insomnia Disorder
Authors: Sit Hao Fong , Wong Yee Lok , Chan Ngan Yin , Chan Joey , Wing Yun Kwok , Li Shirley Xin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Suicide, a critical global mental health issue, has been linked to sleep difficulties. Previous studies have also found that psychological distress and negative thinking styles could contribute to a higher risk of suicide. While cognitive deficit is one of the most common complaints among individuals with insomnia, its impact on suicidality in the context of insomnia has seldom been investigated. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between executive functioning and suicidality among youth with insomnia.

Methods
Adolescents with DSM-5 insomnia disorder were recruited from local schools, universities, and the community in Hong Kong. Eligible participants completed self-reported measures, including Depressive Symptom Index - Suicidality Subscale (DSISS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), and were administered Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The total scores of HADS were used to indicate psychological distress. Failure to maintain set (FMS) from WCST was used to indicate distractibility, an aspect of executive function, with higher scores suggesting greater distractibility.

Results
A total of 115 adolescents with insomnia disorder (Age: 18.34 ± 1.56, 14-20, female: 65.22%) were recruited. Multivariate regressions revealed that higher HADS (b=0.06, p=.045), RRS (b=0.05, p&lt;.001), and FMS (b=0.30, p=.035) scores were all significantly associated with DSISS. The results remained significant after controlling for insomnia severity, gender, and age.

Conclusion
Our findings showed a link between impaired executive functioning, specifically distractibility, and suicidality. Distractibility may be attributed to the reduced suppression of the default mode network, which is associated with depression and rumination, thereby increasing the risk for suicidality. Future neuroimaging research is needed to further explore the underlying mechanism of such associations.

Support (if any)
This work was funded by General Research Fund (Ref. 17613820), Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong SAR, China.
0994 Legal Considerations for Sleep and Mental Health: A Review of Foster Care Bedroom Guidelines Among 50 U.S. States
Authors: Rusin Karolina , Neblett Grace , Wolfson Amy , Ripple Carol , McGlinchey Eleanor , Alfano Candice 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Each year, the foster care system provides out-of-home placement for over 400,000 children, who are temporarily or permanently separated from their families. The prevalence of sleep and mental health problems in this population is well-documented. Persistent sleep problems associated with past and ongoing trauma independently elevate long-term risk for a host of physical and psychiatric disorders. While federal laws provide universal requirements for safe foster placements, the extent to which individual state laws and guidelines address child sleep health and environments varies. The aim of this policy review of administrative codes and guidelines regarding sleep/bedroom arrangements for children in foster care in all 50 U.S. states was to document that variability and examine whether state regulations incorporate sleep research findings.

Methods
Applicable bedroom and bed sharing guidelines were retrieved from each state’s government websites, followed by coding, categorization, and a systematic review. Categories included 7 broad themes: Bed Sharing, Room Sharing, Space Requirements, Bed Requirements, Caregiver-Child Requirements, Health, and Miscellaneous.

Results
While 39 states (78%) required an individual bed for each child in care, specific guidelines regarding bed and bedroom sharing with other children varied greatly by state. There was an even distribution across states that allowed bed or bedroom sharing for siblings (50%) and those that did not address this topic (50%), but only 6 states stated the importance of keeping sibling groups together when determining appropriate sleeping arrangements. In addition, a few states mentioned history of neglect, abuse, and trauma as factors to consider for sleep/bedroom guidelines. Only 10 states (20%) allowed bedroom sharing with a caregiver during emergencies, such as illness or periods of emotional distress.

Conclusion
Despite the universal importance of healthy sleep for all aspects of child development, we found striking differences between states regarding rules and guidelines for sleep and bedroom sharing. Most requirements lack consideration of children’s potential history of abuse and trauma, which contribute to sleep problems in this population. Also concerning is the lack of clear regulations regarding caregiver intervention in case of emergencies. We urge policymakers to reconsider current guidelines in accordance with sleep research and evidence-based practices.

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0995 Mental Health and Substance Use Outcomes Associated with Use of Cannabis as a Sleep Aid: A Co-twin Control Study
Authors: Panchal Zoë , Sakai Joseph , Goldstein-Piekarski Andrea , Ellingson Jarrod , Hopfer Christian , Corley Robin , Vrieze Scott , McGue Matt , Hewitt John , Iacono William , Ross J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Using cannabis as a sleep aid is common. However, little is known about how this practice relates to mental health and substance use. To address this, we examined associations between using cannabis as a sleep aid with mental health and substance use outcomes using a co-twin control design.

Methods
Participants were 3,165 adults (Mage=36.7 (SD=5.3)) from two population-based twin cohorts. Outcomes of interest included mental health constructs (e.g. depression, impulsivity), substance use measures (frequency and problems from use of specific substances), and use of other substances for sleep. First, we conducted regression models to test phenotypic associations between endorsing past month use of cannabis to aid sleep (yes/no) and the above outcomes. Next, we used multilevel models to examine whether significant phenotypic associations were due to between-family effects (genetic and environmental factors shared by co-twins) or within-twin pair effects (genetic and environmental factors which differ between co-twins). All analyses controlled for sleep quality and cannabis frequency.

Results
The sample was 56.7% monozygotic twins, 39.6% male, and 92.7% Caucasian. Phenotypic associations were significant between endorsement of using cannabis for sleep and most outcomes. All significant associations were in the direction of worse mental health, greater use of other substances for sleep, and greater frequency of, and problems from, substance use. All significant phenotypic effects remained significant at the between-family level, but not all remained significant at the within-family level. At the within-family level, the twin who endorsed using cannabis as a sleep aid (vs. their co-twin who did not) reported more frequent use of alcohol (B=0.44, p&lt;.001) and medication (B=0.26, p=.022) for sleep, greater frequency of alcohol use (B=13.0, p=.018), and more problems from cannabis use (B=0.85, p=.007).

Conclusion
Associations between using cannabis for sleep with worse mental health, after controlling for sleep quality and cannabis frequency, are likely due to shared genetic and/or environmental factors. Associations with substance use measures that were not accounted for by shared genetic and/or environmental factors include greater alcohol use frequency, more problems from cannabis use, and more frequent use of other substances for sleep.

Support (if any)
DA042755, DA057894, DA053693, DA056408, DA032555, DA054212, MH125758 (NIH), 1101101 (ICR)
0996 Parental Sleep Disturbance and Its Impact on Childhood Medication Adherence
Authors: Rios Christina , Meadows Amy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Childhood medication adherence is paramount in treating both acute and chronic medical conditions. Sleep disturbances in children and adults have been linked to cognitive performance, cardiovascular function, immune regulation and behavioral disturbances. Despite documented interactions between concomitant parental substance use, depressive symptoms, and financial strain with sleep, there is limited data on how parental sleep disturbances impact childhood medication adherence.

Methods
Data was extracted from a mTURK dataset with 740 participants who were 18 years and older with at least one child who had been prescribed a medication within the prior three months. Parental sleep was measured using the PHQ-9 with a scale of 0 for “no trouble”, 1 for “several days”, 2 for “more than half of the days”, or 3 for “nearly all the days”. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) scale was used to determine a total ACE score (0-10). Children medication adherence was measured based on the following questions, “How often has your child followed his/her medical treatment instructions in the past three months?” and “How often has your child taken medication as prescribed in the past three months?” Responses were coded as “Adherent” if parents responded “Always” to both questions, but were otherwise coded as non-adherent. Statistical analysis was performed using RStudio software. Logistic regression analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used to test association between variables.

Results
We found a statistically significant relationship between the parental response to the sleep question on the PHQ-9 and the parent’s report of child’s adherence to medication. For every point increase in PHQ-3, the odds of having high adherence to a child’s medication decreased by 17%, when controlling for parental gender, chronic disease status, and parental ACE status (p&lt; 0.05). There was also a weak positive correlation (0.19) with higher parental ACE score and sleep difficulties as measured by the PHQ-9.

Conclusion
There is a positive correlation between parental sleep disturbances and childhood medication adherence; this is a potential area for therapeutic intervention.

Support (if any)
0999 Stress, Sleep Disturbances and Coping Strategies Among Taiwanese Primary Family Caregivers in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Chang Pei-Yu , Shen Huan-Ting , Tzeng I-Shiang , Tang Chia-Chun , Tsai Shao-Yu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The primary family caregivers in the intensive care unit (ICU) often experience stress and sleep disturbances. Exploring coping strategies for these caregivers is crucial for preventing burnout and alleviating adverse psychological and health outcomes. This study aimed to examine stress, sleep disturbances, and coping strategies among primary family caregivers in the ICU.

Methods
Data were extracted from the baseline assessment of an ongoing pilot experimental study conducted in four adult ICUs in a teaching hospital in central Taiwan. Eligible participants were (1) unpaid primary family caregivers acknowledged by either patients or their family members and (2) individuals with a family member who underwent mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours while in the ICU. Participants completed a set of study questionnaires, including the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), General Sleep Disturbance Scale (GSDS), Brief COPE, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).

Results
Eight primary family caregivers were recruited from 12 November 2023 to 8 December 2023. The mean age of these caregivers was 55.5±10.17 years, and 3 (37.5%) of them were female. The primary family caregivers experienced high stress levels (mean IES-R score &gt; 32), sleep disturbance (mean GSDS score &gt; 3), and poor sleep quality (mean subscale score of GSDS &gt; 3). The primary family caregivers most often used acceptance, active coping, and positive reframing strategies to manage stress, and they received more social support from their families than from friends. Those caregivers who perceived higher stress levels reported more sleep disturbances (rs = .74, p &lt; .05) and poorer sleep quantity (rs = .95, p &lt; .05). They also relied more on self-distraction (rs = .79, p &lt; .05), emotional support (rs = .76, p &lt; .05) and planning coping to manage stress (rs = .77, p &lt; .05).

Conclusion
The results of this ongoing study showed that primary family caregivers in the ICU experienced heightened stress perception and sleep disturbance. Future studies should focus on exploring effective coping strategies to help primary family caregivers in the ICU to manage stress.

Support (if any)
This work was supported by Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan, TTCRD112-30.
A tendency toward evening chronotype associates with less healthy diet among preschoolers: cross-sectional findings from the DAGIS study
Authors: Abdollahi Anna M , Li Xinyue , Merikanto Ilona , Vepsäläinen Henna , Lehto Reetta , Rahkola Jenna , Nissinen Kaija , Kanerva Noora , Roos Eva , Erkkola Maijaliisa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Evidence suggests that adolescents and adults with a later chronotype have poorer sleep habits and are more susceptible to unhealthy behaviors, but little is known about these associations in younger children. The objective of the study was to (1) identify and compare individual chronotype tendencies among preschool-aged children and (2) investigate associations of sleep dimensions and chronotype with diet.

Methods
Participants were 636 3–6 years old (mean ± SD age: 4.74 ± 0.89 years, 49% girls) preschoolers from the cross-sectional Increased Health and Well-Being in Preschoolers (DAGIS) study in Finland. Sleep duration, sleep variability (in duration and midpoint), social jetlag, and midsleep on weekends adjusted for sleep debt (MSWEadj) were measured with 7-day actigraphy. Morning, intermediate, and evening chronotype tendencies were defined based on the lowest and highest 10th percentile cutoffs of MSWEadj. Food, energy, and macronutrient intake were assessed from 3-day records. Associations between sleep dimensions and diet were assessed with regression models.

Results
MSWEadj was 1:13 ± 14 minutes for morning (n = 64), 2:25 ± 28 minutes for intermediate (n = 560), and 3:38 ± 15 minutes for evening (n = 64) chronotype tendency. Children with an evening chronotype tendency had greater social jetlag and sleep variability. Having an evening chronotype tendency was associated with higher added sugar, higher sugary food consumption, and lower vegetable consumption compared to intermediate tendency types. A later chronotype (MSWEadj) was associated with higher sugary food consumption, as well as lower vegetable and fiber intake. Sleep duration, social jetlag, and sleep variability were not associated with diet.

Conclusions
Several less healthy sleep and diet behaviors were observed among children with later chronotypes. Future public health interventions aimed towards children would benefit from taking into account chronotype.
CISG in the digital world digital economy: data, products, and assets
Authors: Perales Viscasillas Pilar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on the question of whether the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International sale of Goods (CISG) applies to the new digital world: a world where exchange or a combination of computer programs, licenses, software, and data as well as services are part of the new digital economy. These are new phenomena that are not regulated at all, or under-regulated, in domestic legal systems where courts and scholars struggle to accommodate these new digital realities in the already existent rules and traditional contract categories and to find appropriate solutions for mixed contracts for goods and services by an expanded interpretation of the traditional rules. By contrast, a recent tendency is observed at an international level either to review the already existent uniform law instruments in order to see whether they can cover the digital economy, or to create new soft law instruments. The CISG is not immune to the ‘danger’ that soft law instruments recently drafted to cover some transactions of the digital economy might create the wrong impression that the CISG, a hard law instrument, cannot cover them.
Propranolol Alleviates Cardiac Injury After Acute Catecholamine Infusion Through p38-MAPK Pathways
Authors: Liu Tzu-Hao , Hsieh Rebecca Jen-Ling , Chen Hsin-Hung , Kuo Tzu-Jiun , Lee Jui-Chen , Lu Wen-Hsien 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Hypercatecholaminergic conditions are known to cause heart failure and cardiac fibrosis when severe. Although previous investigations have studied the effects of beta-blockade in experimental models of catecholaminergic states, the detailed benefits of beta-blockade in more realistic models of hyper-adrenergic states were less clear. In this study, we examined acute cardiac changes in rats with hyperacute catecholamine-induced heart failure with and without propranolol treatment. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 12) underwent a 6-hour infusion of epinephrine and norepinephrine alone, with an additional propranolol bolus (1 mg/kg) at hour 1 (n = 6). Cardiac tissues were examined after 6 hours. Cardiac immunohistochemistry revealed significantly decreased expression of phosphorylated p-38 (left ventricle, P = 0.021; right ventricle, P = 0.021), with upregulation of reactive oxidative species and other profibrosis proteins, after catecholamine infusion alone. After 1 propranolol 1 mg/kg bolus, the levels of phosphorylated-p38 returned to levels comparable with sham (left ventricle, P = 0.021; right ventricle, P = 0.043), with additional findings including downregulation of the apoptotic pathway and profibrotic proteins. We conclude that catecholamine-induced heart failure exerts damage through the p-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and demonstrates profibrotic changes mediated by matrix metalloproteinase 9, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and fibroblast growth factor 23. Changes in these pathways attenuated acute catecholamine-induced heart failure after propranolol bolus 1 mg/kg. We conclude that propranolol bolus at 1 mg/kg is able to mediate the effects of catecholamine excess through the p-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, profibrosis, and extrinsic apoptosis pathway.
Aggregation of an FG nucleoporin under crowded conditions
Authors: Maguire Laura , Reskin Sophie , Wall Kathryn , Arroyo Elena , Marchando Paul , Whited A. M. , Erbse Annette , Whitten Steven T. , Hough Loren E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMacromolecular crowding can affect the aggregation behavior of intrinsically disordered proteins in unexpected ways. We studied the aggregation of a peptide derived from the disordered FG nucleoporins which line the nuclear pore complex. We measured its aggregation kinetics in the presence of both inert and non-specifically interacting crowding agents. Using fluorescence emission and NMR spectroscopy, we probed differences in the local chemical microenvironment of the peptide’s residues. Our results indicate differences in aggregation kinetics and residue microenvironment depending on the identity of the crowder, including differences between crowding with PEG and PVP, two polymers which are often used interchangeably as inert crowding agents.
Inference of Causal Interaction Networks of Gut Microbiota Using Transfer Entropy
Authors: Park Chanho , Kim Junil , Lee Julian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the complex dynamics of gut microbiota interactions is essential for unraveling their influence on human health. In this study, we employed transfer entropy analysis to construct a causal interaction network among gut microbiota genera from the time-series data of bacterial abundances. Based on the longitudinal microbiome data from two subjects, we found that the constructed gut microbiota regulatory networks exhibited power-law degree distribution, intermediate modularity, and enrichment of feedback loops. Interestingly, the networks of the two subjects displayed differential enrichment of feedback loops, which may be associated with the differential recovery dynamics of the two subjects. In summary, the transfer entropy-based network construction provides us with valuable insights into the ecosystem of gut microbiota and allows us to identify key microbial hubs that play pivotal roles in shaping the microbial balances.
A New Large-Scale Extracellular Vesicle Production Strategy for Biomedical Drug Development
Authors: Yang Shiyi , Zhang Lei , Zhou Xin , Peng Xincheng , Zhang Xin , Wang Wenli , Zhao Jinxiu , He Xinjun , Xu Ke 
Published: April 2024

1.AbstractExtracellular Vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale to microscale membranous vesicles released by cells. They are vital for intercellular communications in physiological and pathological conditions, offering immense potential in diagnostics and therapeutical applications due to their ability to transfer diverse biological cargos between cells. While research of EVs is continuously gaining popularity in academia, large-scale manufacturing aiming for clinical applications remains challenging. Herein, we introduce a novel large-scale EV production strategy, including an upstream process with fed-batch suspension HEK293 cell culture, and a downstream process with chromatographic purification for ultra-pure EVs. Such promising EV production strategy enables the potential capability of large scale GMP manufacture of EVs for clinical applications.