bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion‐tensor‐imaging 1‐year‐old and 2‐year‐old infant brain atlases with comprehensive gray and white matter labels
Authors: Song Limei , Peng Yun , Ouyang Minhui , Peng Qinmu , Feng Lei , Sotardi Susan , Yu Qinlin , Kang Huiying , Sindabizera Kay L. , Liu Shuwei , Huang Hao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHuman infancy is marked by fastest postnatal brain structural changes. It also coincides with the onset of many neurodevelopmental disorders. Atlas‐based automated structure labeling has been widely used for analyzing various neuroimaging data. However, the relatively large and nonlinear neuroanatomical differences between infant and adult brains can lead to significant offsets of the labeled structures in infant brains when adult brain atlas is used. Age‐specific 1‐ and 2‐year‐old brain atlases covering all major gray and white matter (GM and WM) structures with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and structural MRI are critical for precision medicine for infant population yet have not been established. In this study, high‐quality DTI and structural MRI data were obtained from 50 healthy children to build up three‐dimensional age‐specific 1‐ and 2‐year‐old brain templates and atlases. Age‐specific templates include a single‐subject template as well as two population‐averaged templates from linear and nonlinear transformation, respectively. Each age‐specific atlas consists of 124 comprehensively labeled major GM and WM structures, including 52 cerebral cortical, 10 deep GM, 40 WM, and 22 brainstem and cerebellar structures. When combined with appropriate registration methods, the established atlases can be used for highly accurate automatic labeling of any given infant brain MRI. We demonstrated that one can automatically and effectively delineate deep WM microstructural development from 3 to 38 months by using these age‐specific atlases. These established 1‐ and 2‐year‐old infant brain DTI atlases can advance our understanding of typical brain development and serve as clinical anatomical references for brain disorders during infancy.
Structural and functional brain alterations in subthreshold depression: A multimodal coordinate‐based meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Jingyu , Kuang Shunrong , Liu Yang , Wu Yuedong , Li Haijiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImaging studies of subthreshold depression (StD) have reported structural and functional abnormalities in a variety of spatially diverse brain regions. However, there is no consensus among different studies. In the present study, we applied a multimodal meta‐analytic approach, the Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE), to test the hypothesis that StD exhibits spatially convergent structural and functional brain abnormalities compared to healthy controls. A total of 31 articles with 25 experiments were included, collectively representing 1001 subjects with StD. We found consistent differences between StD and healthy controls mainly in the left insula across studies with various neuroimaging methods. Further exploratory analyses found structural atrophy and decreased functional activities in the right pallidum and thalamus in StD, and abnormal spontaneous activity converged to the middle frontal gyrus. Coordinate‐based meta‐analysis found spatially convergent structural and functional impairments in StD. These findings provide novel insights for understanding the neural underpinnings of subthreshold depression and enlighten the potential targets for its early screening and therapeutic interventions in the future.
Risk compensation after COVID‐19 vaccination: Evidence from vaccine rollout by exact birth date in South Korea
Authors: Hwang Jisoo , Hwang Seung‐sik , Kim Hyuncheol Bryant , Lee Jungmin , Lee Junseok 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe utilize the phased rollout of COVID‐19 vaccines by exact birth date in South Korea as a natural experiment for testing risk compensation. People may resume face‐to‐face social activities following vaccination because they perceive lower risk of infection. Applying a regression discontinuity design based on birth date cutoffs for vaccine eligibility, we find no evidence of risk‐compensating behaviors, as measured by large, high‐frequency data from credit card and airline companies as well as survey data. We find some evidence of self‐selection into vaccine take‐up based on perception toward vaccine effectiveness and side effects, but the treatment effects do not differ between compliers and never‐takers.
Determining factors for dexmedetomidine sedation in endoscopic submucosal dissection for early‐stage gastric cancer
Authors: Yoshida Erika , Yamamoto Yorimasa , Tohata Misako , Gomi Kuniyo , Okayasu Tadashi , Nagahama Masatsugu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough no specific sedation recommendations exist in early‐stage gastric cancer (ESGC) for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), dexmedetomidine (DEX) is useful along with benzodiazepines and analgesics. Furthermore, DEX is used for endoscopic treatment requiring lengthy sedation. However, it is unclear which patients should be administered DEX. We examined the factors that determine when DEX should be added for sedation during ESD for ESGC.MethodsOf 316 patients undergoing ESD for ESGC at our hospital between January 2017 and December 2020, we examined 310 receiving intravenous anesthesia. Preoperative patient factors and treatment outcomes were retrospectively examined according to the sedation method.ResultsAmong patients with ESGC undergoing ESD at our hospital, DEX was more frequently used alongside sedation in men, those undergoing gastrectomy, those with a lesion diameter ≥20 mm, and those with preoperative ulcers. In the standard group, patients whose treatment duration exceeded 120 min typically had a lesion diameter ≥20 mm, preoperative ulcers, lesions located outside the L region, and were treated by junior physicians.ConclusionIt is important to evaluate specific preoperative factors (lesion diameter ≥20 mm, preoperative ulcers, lesion located outside the L region, and having a junior physician as the treating physician) in patients undergoing ESD for ESGC to determine whether the combined use of DEX in sedation is necessary.
Cutting a tree with subgraph complementation is hard, except for some small trees
Authors: Antony Dhanyamol , Pal Sagartanu , Sandeep R. B. , Subashini R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor a graph property , Subgraph Complementation to is the problem to find whether there is a subset of vertices of the input graph such that modifying by complementing the subgraph induced by results in a graph satisfying the property . We prove that the problem of Subgraph Complementation to ‐free graphs is NP‐Complete, for being a tree, except for 41 trees of at most 13 vertices (a graph is ‐free if it does not contain any induced copies of ). This result, along with the four known polynomial‐time solvable cases (when is a path on at most four vertices), leaves behind 37 open cases. Further, we prove that these hard problems do not admit any subexponential‐time algorithms, assuming the Exponential‐Time Hypothesis. As an additional result, we obtain that Subgraph Complementation to paw‐free graphs can be solved in polynomial‐time.
Turán number of the odd‐ballooning of complete bipartite graphs
Authors: Peng Xing , Xia Mengjie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGiven a graph , the Turán number is the maximum possible number of edges in an ‐vertex ‐free graph. The study of Turán number of graphs is a central topic in extremal graph theory. Although the celebrated Erdős‐Stone‐Simonovits theorem gives the asymptotic value of for nonbipartite , it is challenging in general to determine the exact value of for . The odd‐ballooning of is a graph such that each edge of is replaced by an odd cycle and all new vertices of odd cycles are distinct. Here the length of odd cycles is not necessarily equal. The exact value of Turán number of the odd‐ballooning of is previously known for being a cycle, a path, a tree with assumptions, and . In this paper, we manage to obtain the exact value of Turán number of the odd‐ballooning of with , where and each odd cycle has length at least five.
Exercise MR of Skeletal Muscles, the Heart, and the Brain
Authors: Hooijmans Melissa T. , Jeneson Jeroen A.L. , Jørstad Harald T. , Bakermans Adrianus J. 
Published: May 2024

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) is routinely used to evaluate organ morphology and pathology in the human body at rest or in combination with pharmacological stress as an exercise surrogate. With MR during actual physical exercise, we can assess functional characteristics of tissues and organs under real‐life stress conditions. This is particularly relevant in patients with limited exercise capacity or exercise intolerance, and where complaints typically present only during physical activity, such as in neuromuscular disorders, inherited metabolic diseases, and heart failure. This review describes practical and physiological aspects of exercise MR of skeletal muscles, the heart, and the brain. The acute effects of physical exercise on these organs are addressed in the light of various dynamic quantitative MR readouts, including phosphorus‐31 MR spectroscopy (31P‐MRS) of tissue energy metabolism, phase‐contrast MRI of blood flow and muscle contraction, real‐time cine MRI of cardiac performance, and arterial spin labeling MRI of muscle and brain perfusion. Exercise MR will help advancing our understanding of underlying mechanisms that contribute to exercise intolerance, which often proceed structural and anatomical changes in disease. Its potential to detect disease‐driven alterations in organ function, perfusion, and metabolism under physiological stress renders exercise MR stress testing a powerful noninvasive imaging modality to aid in disease diagnosis and risk stratification. Although not yet integrated in most clinical workflows, and while some applications still require thorough validation, exercise MR has established itself as a comprehensive and versatile modality for characterizing physiology in health and disease in a noninvasive and quantitative way.Evidence Level5Technical EfficacyStage 1
Codetermination of antimicrobial agents in rabbit tear fluid using LC–MS/MS assay: Insights into ocular pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Bisen Amol Chhatrapati , Mishra Anjali , Agrawal Sristi , Sanap Sachin Nashik , Biswas Arpon , Verma Sarvesh Kumar , Bhatta Rabi Sankar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractManaging ocular microbial infections typically requires pharmacotherapy using antibiotic eye drops, such as moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MFX), combined with an antifungal agent like amphotericin B (AB). We carried out and validated an LC–MS/MS assay to quantify these compounds in rabbit tear fluid in order to look into the pharmacokinetics of these two drugs. We employed a protein precipitation technique for the extraction of drugs under examination. A Waters Symmetry C18 column was used to separate the analytes and internal standard. The composition of the mobile phase was like (A) 0.1% v/v formic acid in water and (B) methanol. The detection of MFX and AB was accomplished through the utilization of positive ion electrospray ionization under multiple reaction monitoring mode. The linearity curves for both analytes exhibited an acceptable trendline across a concentration range of 2.34–300 ng/mL for MFX and 7.81–1000 ng/mL for AB in surrogate rabbit tear fluid. The lower limit of quantitation for MFX was 2.34 ng/mL, while for AB, it was 7.81 ng/mL. The approach was strictly validated, encompassing tests of selectivity, linearity (with r2 > 0.99), precision, accuracy, matrix effects, and stability. Consequently, we employed this method to evaluate the pharmacokinetics profiles of MFX and AB in rabbit tear fluid following single topical doses.
Intercropping with maize and sorghum‐induced saikosaponin accumulation in Bupleurum chinense DC. by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics
Authors: Zhang Rui , Li Xiangchuan , Qu Jixu , Zhang Doudou , Cao Linxu , Qin Xuemei , Li Zhenyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBupleuri Radix is an important medicinal plant, which has been used in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years. Cultivated Bupleurum chinense DC. (B. chinense) is the main commodity of Bupleuri Radix. The benefits of intercropping with various crops for B. chinense have been recognized; however, the influence of intercropping on the chemical composition of B. chinense is still unclear yet. In this study, intercropping with sorghum and maize exhibited little effect on the root length, root diameter, and single root mass of B. chinense. Only the intercropping with sorghum increased the root length of B. chinense slightly compared to the monocropping. In addition, 200 compounds were identified by UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS, and metabolomic combined with the Venn diagram and heatmap analysis showed apparent separation between the intercropped and monocropped B. chinense samples. Intercropping with sorghum and maize could both increase the saikosaponins, fatty acyls, and organic acids in B. chinense while decreasing the phospholipids. The influence of intercropping on the saikosaponin biosynthesis was probably related with the light intensity and hormone levels in B. chinense. Moreover, we found intercropping increased the anti‐inflammatory activity of B. chinense. This study provides a scientific reference for the beneficial effect of intercropping mode of B. chinense.
Major changes in prevalence and genotypes of rotavirus diarrhea in Beijing, China after RV5 rotavirus vaccine introduction
Authors: Tian Yi , Shen Lingyu , Li Weihong , Yan Hanqiu , Fu Jiamei , Liu Baiwei , Wang Yu , Jia Lei , Li Gang , Suo Luodan , Zhang Daitao , Gao Zhiyong , Wang Quanyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of group A rotavirus (RVA) diarrhea in Beijing between 2019 and 2022 and evaluate the effectiveness of the RV5 vaccine. Stool specimens were collected from patients with acute diarrhea, and RVA was detected and genotyped. The whole genome of RVA was sequenced by fragment amplification and Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the characteristics of RVA diarrhea. Test‐negative design was used to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the RV5. Compared with 2011–2018, RVA‐positive rates in patients with acute diarrhea under 5 years of age and adults decreased significantly between 2019 and 2022, to 9.45% (249/634) and 3.66% (220/6016), respectively. The predominant genotype of RVA had changed from G9‐VIP[8]‐III between 2019 and 2021 to G8‐VP[8]‐III in 2022, and P[8] sequences from G8‐VP[8]‐III strains formed a new branch called P[8]‐IIIb. The complete genotype of G8‐VP[8]‐III was G8‐P[8]‐I2‐R2‐C2‐M2‐A2‐N2‐T2‐E2‐H2. The VE of 3 doses of RV5 was 90.4% (95% CI: 28.8%–98.7%) against RVA diarrhea. The prevalence of RVA decreased in Beijing between 2019 and 2022, and the predominant genotype changed to G8P[8], which may be related to RV5 vaccination. Continuous surveillance is necessary to evaluate vaccine effectiveness and improve vaccine design.
Characterizing the antigenic evolution of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 from 2009 to 2023
Authors: Cheng Peiwen , Zhai Ke , Han Wenjie , Zeng Jinfeng , Qiu Zekai , Chen Yilin , Tang Kang , Tang Jing , Long Haoyu , Jiang Taijiao , Du Xiangjun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe H1N1pdm09 virus has been a persistent threat to public health since the 2009 pandemic. Particularly, since the relaxation of COVID‐19 pandemic mitigation measures, the influenza virus and SARS‐CoV‐2 have been concurrently prevalent worldwide. To determine the antigenic evolution pattern of H1N1pdm09 and develop preventive countermeasures, we collected influenza sequence data and immunological data to establish a new antigenic evolution analysis framework. A machine learning model (XGBoost, accuracy = 0.86, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.89) was constructed using epitopes, physicochemical properties, receptor binding sites, and glycosylation sites as features to predict the antigenic similarity relationships between influenza strains. An antigenic correlation network was constructed, and the Markov clustering algorithm was used to identify antigenic clusters. Subsequently, the antigenic evolution pattern of H1N1pdm09 was analyzed at the global and regional scales across three continents. We found that H1N1pdm09 evolved into around five antigenic clusters between 2009 and 2023 and that their antigenic evolution trajectories were characterized by cocirculation of multiple clusters, low‐level persistence of former dominant clusters, and local heterogeneity of cluster circulations. Furthermore, compared with the seasonal H1N1 virus, the potential cluster‐transition determining sites of H1N1pdm09 were restricted to epitopes Sa and Sb. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of machine learning methods for characterizing antigenic evolution of viruses, developed a specific model to rapidly identify H1N1pdm09 antigenic variants, and elucidated their evolutionary patterns. Our findings may provide valuable support for the implementation of effective surveillance strategies and targeted prevention efforts to mitigate the impact of H1N1pdm09.
Clinical effectiveness of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir on the short‐ and long‐term outcome in high‐risk children with COVID‐19
Authors: Wu Jheng‐Yan , Chen Chia‐Chen , Liu Mei‐Yuan , Hsu Wan‐Hsuan , Tsai Ya‐Wen , Liu Ting‐Hui , Pin‐Chien Sung , Huang Po‐Yu , Chuang Min‐Hsiang , Lee Mei‐Chuan , Hung Kuo‐Chuan , Yu Tsung , Lai Chih‐Cheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the clinical effectiveness of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir (NMV‐r) on short‐term outcome and the risk of postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection (PASC) among pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX research network to identify pediatric patients between 12 and 18 years with COVID‐19 between January 1, 2022 and August 31, 2023. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to match patients receiving NMV‐r (NMV‐r group) with those who did not receive NMV‐r (control group). Two cohorts comprising 633 patients each (NMV‐r and control groups), with balanced baseline characteristics, were identified using the PSM method. During the initial 30 days, the NMV‐r group showed a lower incidence of all‐cause hospitalization, mortality, or ED visits (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.546, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.372–0.799, p = 0.002). Additionally, the NMV‐r group had a significantly lower risk of all‐cause hospitalization compared with the control group (HR = 0.463, 95% CI: 0.269–0.798), with no deaths occurring in either group. In the 30–180‐day follow‐up period, the NMV‐r group exhibited a non‐significantly lower incidence of post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (PASC), encompassing symptoms such as fatigue, cardiopulmonary symptoms, pain, cognitive impairments, headache, dizziness, sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression, compared to the control group. This study underscores the potential effectiveness of NMV‐r in treating high‐risk pediatric patients with COVID‐19, demonstrating significant reductions in short‐term adverse outcomes such as emergency department visits, hospitalization, or mortality within the initial 30‐day period. Additionally, NMV‐r shows promise in potentially preventing the development of PASC.
Revisiting two indices measuring high‐frequency daily variability
Authors: Liu Qi , Fu Congbin , Xu Zhongfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐frequency daily variability (HFDV), as a fundamental aspect of climate variability, has drawn increasing attention due to its crucial impacts on public health, regional ecosystems and economic growth rates. The statistical metrics are of great importance to measure the changes in HFDV. In this study, we compared two common statistical metrics of monthly HFDV, including the standard deviation (SD) and the day‐to‐day difference (DTDx), for various variables (temperature, specific humidity and horizontal wind) using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset. Here, we show that the SD of daily variables includes mainly sub‐semiannual variability (<180 days), while DTDx can separate the synoptic variability (<12 days, DTD1), submonthly variability (<25 days, DTD3) and subseasonal variability (<60 days, DTD5) from other temporal scales. Moreover, a wider dominant timescale of DTDx causes a higher climatological mean and a closer relationship with SD. We also find that the linear trend in SD exhibits remarkable differences from that of the DTDx nearly all over the world, which can be explained by the significant change in the autocorrelation with different lag days under climate change. Our findings highlight that the DTDx is superior to SD in measuring HFDV, especially in a changing climate.
Thyroid Cancer Incidence Among Korean Individuals: A Comparison of South Korea and the United States
Authors: Kim Dohun , Li Guan , Moon Peter K. , Ma Yifei , Sim Soohyun , Park Sung Y. , Oh Minkyung , Megwalu Uchechukwu C. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo compare thyroid cancer incidence rates and trends between Korean, non‐Korean Asian, and non‐Hispanic White populations in the United States, and between the US Korean population and the South Korean population.MethodPopulation‐based analysis of cancer incidence data. Cases of thyroid cancer diagnosed during 1999–2014 from the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 9 detailed Asian/Pacific Islander subgroup incidence and population dataset were included. Incidence rates were obtained from the datasets, and annual percent change (APC) of the incidence rates was calculated using Joinpoint regression analysis.ResultsThyroid cancer incidence rate for 1999–2014 was significantly higher for South Korea (48.05 [95% CI 47.89–48.22] per 100,000 person‐years) than for the US Korean population (11.12 [95% CI 10.49–11.78] per 100,000 person‐years), which was slightly higher than the Non‐Korean Asian population (10.23 [95% CI 10.02–10.43] per 100,000 person‐years), and slightly lower than the Non‐Hispanic White population (12.78 [95% CI 12.69–12.87] per 100,000 person‐years). Incidence rates in South Korea increased dramatically (average APC 17.9, 95% CI 16.0–19.9), significantly higher than the US Korean population (average APC 5.0, 95% CI 3.1–6.8), which was similar to the non‐Korean Asian (average APC 2.5, 95% CI 0.9–4.2) and the non‐Hispanic White (average APC 5.1, 95% CI 4.7–5.6) populations.ConclusionsSouth Korea's high thyroid cancer incidence rates cannot be attributed to genetic factors, but are likely due to health care system factors.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:4156–4160, 2024