bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different fibrinogen concentrations on blood loss and coagulation parameters in a pig model of coagulopathy with blunt liver injury
Authors: Grottke Oliver , Braunschweig Till , Henzler Dietrich , Coburn Mark , Tolba Rene , Rossaint Rolf 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Introduction
The early application of fibrinogen could potentially reverse haemodilution-induced coagulopathy, although the impact of varying concentrations of fibrinogen to reverse dilutional coagulopathy has not been studied in vivo. We postulated that fibrinogen concentration is correlated with blood loss in a pig model of coagulopathy with blunt liver injury.

Methods
Coagulopathy was induced in 18 anaesthetized pigs (32 ± 1.6 kg body weight) by replacing 80% of blood volume with hydroxyethylstarch 130/0.4 and Ringer's lactated solution, and re-transfusion of erythrocytes. Animals were randomly assigned to receive either 70 mg kg-1 (F-70) or 200 mg kg-1 (F-200) fibrinogen or placebo before inducing blunt liver injury using a force of 225 ± 26 Newton. Haemodynamics, coagulation parameters and blood loss were monitored for 2 hours. After death, histological examination of internal organs was performed to assess the presence of emboli and the equality of liver injury.

Results
Plasma dilution caused severe coagulopathy. Measured by thromboelastography fibrinogen restored coagulation dose-dependently. Total blood loss was significantly lower and survival better in both fibrinogen groups as compared to controls (P < 0.05). Between the F-70 (1317 ± 113 ml) and the F-200 group (1155 ± 232 ml) no significant difference in total blood loss could be observed, despite improved coagulation parameters in the F-200 group (P < 0.05). Microscopy revealed even injury pattern and no (micro) thrombi for either group.

Conclusions
Restoring fibrinogen with 70 or 200 mg kg-1 after severe dilutional coagulopathy safely improved coagulation and attenuated blood loss after experimental blunt liver trauma. The higher dosage of fibrinogen was not associated with a further reduction in blood loss.
Aspirin Dosing for the Prevention and Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: An Indication-Specific Review of the Literature
Authors: Ansara Alexander J , Nisly Sarah A , Arif Sally A , Koehler Julia M , Nordmeyer Sarah T 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of aspirin for the treatment and prevention of ischemic stroke and identify the minimum dose proven to be effective for each indication. DATA SOURCES: PubMed and MEDLINE searches (up to January 2010) were performed to identify primary literature, using search terms including aspirin, stroke prevention, acute ischemic stroke, acetylsalicylic acid, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, and carotid endarterectomy. Additionally, reference citations from publications identified were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Articles published in English were evaluated and relevant primary literature evaluating the efficacy of aspirin in the prevention of stroke was included in this review. DATA SYNTHESIS: Antiplatelet therapy is the benchmark for the prevention of ischemic stroke. Aspirin has been proven to prevent ischemic stroke in a variety of settings. Despite the frequency at which aspirin continues to be prescribed in patients at risk of ischemic stroke, there remains confusion in clinical practice as to what minimum dose is required in various at-risk patients. A thorough review of the primary literature suggests that low-dose (50-81 mg daily) aspirin is insufficient for some indications. Acute ischemic stroke treatment requires 160-325 mg, while atrial fibrillation and carotid arterial disease require daily doses of 325 and 81-325 mg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Available evidence suggests that aspirin dosing must be individualized according to indication. Recommendations provided by national guidelines at times recommend lower doses of aspirin than have been proven effective. Higher doses are indicated for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (325 mg) and acute ischemic stroke patients (160-325 mg). Aspirin has not yet been proven effective for primary prevention of strokes in men, and a minimum dose for these patients cannot be determined from the available data.
Factors Influencing Governors' Salaries, 1961-2001
Authors: Tuttle Markland , Bumpass Donald 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This paper examines the determinants of governors' salaries for the forty-eight contiguous states. State budgetary variables, personal income, population, unemployment rate and state government employment are the primary determinants of governors' compensation. There appears to be a large amount of convergence among salaries over the forty year sample period; the states with lower pay in 1961 experienced faster growth in their governor's compensation. Thus, findings support the view that a governor's pay is based primarily on the responsibility measured by the economic size of the state and the size of a state's government.
Evaluation of selected lipid parameters and blood pressure in ethnically-homogenous population of middle-aged persons, depending on gender, age and body mass
Authors: Buciński Adam , Romaszko Jerzy , Targoński Ryszard , Cichowski Leszek , Romaszko Ewa , Zakrzewski Andrzej , Wnuk Małgorzata 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The study is a retrospective analysis of data obtained from a cardiovascular disease prevention program financed by the National Health Fund (Poland). The aim of the study was to evaluate the population to demonstrate the prevalence of favourable and unfavourable lipid parameters and blood pressure values depending on age and BMI. A total of 2,616 subjects were included in the study (811 men and 1805 women aged between 35 and 55 years of age) who perceived themselves as completely healthy individuals and in whom no cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed. We evaluated blood pressure values, body weight, height, BMI, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL in the serum of venous blood. The above-mentioned parameters were compared in women and men depending on BMI and age. It was demonstrated that the epidemiological situation of women in the analysed age group, regardless of the studied parameter and method of its evaluation, is much more favourable than that of men. We have demonstrated that evaluation of the analysed lipid parameters and blood pressure should be performed with consideration to gender and age. Otherwise conclusions may be obtained which are not satisfied by 75-95% of the population in a given age group. Obesity was highlighted as a factor triggering further lipid disturbances and blood pressure increase.
Development of New Product/Process Development Procedure for SMEs
Authors: Šenk Mateja , Metlikovič Peter , Maletič Matjaž , Gomišček Boštjan 
Published: April 2010

Development of New Product/Process Development Procedure for SMEs
The result of our research is a developed and implemented set of activities for new process or product development (NPD procedure) for SMEs environment in the plastic processing industry, which enables the production of products and services with a high value added.
The developed NPD procedure consists of five consecutive and overlapping steps: attracting orders, designing a project, developing a product, developing a process and zero production series. Each distinct step is further divided into sub-activities supported by adequate methods and managed in an information system. Investigated and included were three different methodologies use for NPD procedure in the automotive industry such as Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP), Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) and Stage/Gate methodology.
The results presented in the paper show that the developed NPD procedure significantly improved NPD in terms of cost management and time-effectiveness.
Southern Stem Rot Suppression On Peanut With The Insecticide Chlorpyrifos1
Authors: Hagan A. K. , Weeks J. R. , Reed R. B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Chlorpyrifos 15G(2.24 kg a.i./ha), PCNB 10G (11.2 kg a.i./ha), and PCNB 10G + chlorpyrifos 15G(11.2 + 2.24 kg a.i./ha) were compared for the suppression of southern stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. on peanut in on-farm trials on nine farms over three years (1982–1984). Chlorpyrifos, PCNB, and PCNB + chlorpyrifos significantly reduced loci counts all three years. PCNB + chlorpyrifos generally gave the best stem rot suppression and yield response, but there was little difference in disease loci counts between chlorpyrifos and PCNB. PCNB significantly increased yield over the control two years while chlorpyrifos increased yield only one year.
Testing Peanut Seeds for Peanut Stripe Virus1
Authors: Demski J. W. , Warwick D. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Peanut seeds were tested by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for peanut stripe virus without affecting their viability. A portion of cotyledon (0.02–0.05 g) was removed from the end of the seed opposite the radicle and triturated in an antigen buffer. Virus was frequently detected in extracts of cotyledons and embryos but seldom in the testa. Portions of one infected seed in ten could be detected. Correlations among ELISA, infectivity assays, and growing out tests were obtained. The ELISA technique has the advantage of detecting individual infected seed allowing the elimination of the infected ones. Identified infected seed can be used for preservation of virus cultures.
Effect of peanut mottle virus on reaction of peanut cv. Tamnut 74 to Cercospora arachidicola
Authors: Melouk H. A. , Sherwood J. L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Two-week old seedlings of Tamnut 74 peanut were inoculated with peanut mottle virus (PMV) or left nontreated, and four weeks later were sprayed with a conidial suspension of Cercospora arachidicola (2 × 104 conidia/mL) prior to placement in a polyethylene enclosure in a growth chamber (22–30 C, 100% RH). After three weeks, number of lesions/leaflet, leaflet area (mm2), necrotic area (mm2)/leaflet, percent necrotic area, conidial density (conidia/mm2) of necrotic area), and conidia/leaflet, was determined on four leaflets for each of 12 PMV-infected and 12 virus-free plants. Conidia/leaflet (one important parameter in evaluating reaction of peanut genotypes to C. arachidicola), lesions/leaflet, area of lesion, and leaflet area was reduced on PMV-infected plants compared to virus-free plants in each of 4 experiments. Similarly, necrotic area/leaflet were reduced in 3 of 4 experiments. Conidia/mm2 of necrotic area was reduced in 2 of 4 experiments. PMV was not detected in conidia of C. arachidicola from PMV infected plants by inoculation to a PMV indicator host, serology, electron microscopy or electrophoresis.
The Effect of Three Digging Dates on Oil Quality, Yield, and Grade of Five Peanut Genotypes Grown Without Leafspot Control1
Authors: Knauft D. A. , Norden A. J. , Gorbet D. W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Five peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes, Southern Runner, Dixie Runner, Florunner, UF82206, and UF714021, were grown for three years, 1982–1984, near Gainesville, Florida without fungicide applications. Three digging dates, averaging 105 days after planting (DAP), 118 DAP, and 132 DAP, were used each year to determine the effects of early harvest as a management practice for peanut production under leafspot pressure. The different digging dates had no effect on fatty acid composition of the five genotypes, and had only minimal effect on the oil content and iodine value. The largest oil quality differences in this study were due to differences among genotypes and year-to-year variation.
The earliest digging date tended to reduce market grade characters, but major pod yield differences were the result of genotype × digging date interactions. Genotypes with little or no resistance to leafspot diseases, such as Florunner and UF 714021, produced nearly 3000 kg/ha without leafspot control up to 118 DAP and then had sharp yield decreases, while resistant genotypes such as Southern Runner and UF 82206 continued to produce pod yields of 3000 kg/ha or higher up to 132 DAP.
Irrigation and Tillage Effects on Peanut Yield in Virginia1
Authors: Wright F. S. , Porter D. M. , Powell N. L. , Ross B. B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
During crop years 1980–1983, a field study was conducted in southeastern Virginia on a Norfolk loamy fine sand soil to evaluate the effect of irrigation, underrow ripping, and seedbed preparation methods on peanut yields. The seedbeds were prepared conventionally (flat), with a rotary tiller and bed shaper, with a disk bedder, and with a rolling cultivator. Irrigation increased peanut yield only for crop year 1980 peanuts when there was a severe drought. Irrigation decreased yields for the other 3 years when rainfall was near normal. Some of the decrease in yields with irrigation can be attributed to an increase in the severity of several diseases including leafspot, pod rot, and Sclerotinia blight.
Underrow ripping and seedbed preparation methods had no significant effect on yield and crop values. The effect of an interaction between underrow ripping and irrigation was indicated. Results from this study and previous studies indicated that underrow ripping does not appear to be an advantageous tillage operation for use in peanut production systems in the Virginia-Carolina area. Comparisons of seedbed preparation methods do not suggest that one method was superior to another method. The inconsistent trends in seedbed methods between years can be attributed to elements other than irrigation or underrow ripping treatments. Further studies need to define irrigation methods and amount of irrigation water to apply for efficient peanut production.
Combining Ability of Ontario-Grown Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) for Oil, Fatty Acids, and Taxonomic Characters1,2
Authors: Sykes E. E. , Michaels T. E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Undesirably low oleic acid and high linoleic acid concentrations in seed oil are typical of Valencia peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) produced in a cool, short-season climate. Improved oil quality may be achieved by incorporating Virginia type germplasm into adapted Valencia peanuts. The objectives of this study were to determine the oil quality of nine Valencia and four Virginia peanut lines, evaluate their combining ability for oil concentration, fatty acid composition of the oil, and several taxonomic characters, and assess the potential for developing cultivars adapted to Ontario with improved oil quality. General combining ability (GCA) of the Virginia parents significantly exceeded specific combining ability (SCA) for all fatty acids except arachidic, and also for oleic/linoleic (O/L) ratio, days to first flowering, days to full flowering, and branching pattern (R/R + V ratio). GCA of the Valencia parents significantly exceeded SCA only for oil concentration. Significant SCA estimates were found for oil concentration, palmitic and oleic acids, O/L ratio, and height of the main axis (first date). Significant heterosis was detected for all taxonomic characters except days to first flowering. Genetic variability for all characters except arachidic acid indicates that the development of Ontario cultivars with improved oil quality, in terms of higher oil content and reduced linoleic acid levels, appears feasible through breeding efforts.
Weed Control and Response of Peanuts (Arachis Hypogaea) To Chlorimuron1
Authors: Sims Gregory R. , Wehtje Glenn , McGuire John A. , Hicks T. Vint 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Experiments were conducted in 1984 and 1985 on a Dothan loamy sand (Plinthic Paleudults) at Headland, Alabama, to evaluate the effects of the ethyl ester formulation of chlorimuron [2-[[[[4-chloro-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]carbonyl] amino]sulfonyl]benzoic acid] on Florida beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum (SW) DC.) and sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.) control, and yield and grade of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement of five chlorimuron rates (17.5, 35.0, 52.5, 70.0 for 87.5 g ai/ha) and four application times, preplant incorporated (PPI), preemergence (PRE), ground cracking (EPOT) or post-emergence over the top (POT). Crop injury, as indicated by visual ratings at 8 weeks after planting (WAP) and yield, was excessive with 52.5 g/ha and higher applied PRE or EPOT and with 35.0 g/ha and higher applied POT. Florida beggarweed control at 8 WAP was good with all rates; however, full season control was unacceptable. Control of sicklepod remained good through the entire season. In a separate study, several herbicide systems utilizing chlorimuron in combination with other herbicides were compared to a standard weed control system. While most herbicide systems which included chlorimuron provided yields comparable to the untreated check, none offered any advantage in terms of weed control and yield over the standard.
Heritabilities and Correlations for Pod Yield and Leafspot Resistance in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.): Implications for Early Generation Selection1
Authors: Iroume R. N. , Knauft D. A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate early generation selection methods for the identification of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crosses with combined high yield and disease resistance. Eleven crosses were chosen in the S1 on the basis of yield and disease reaction. The S2 was evaluated under natural disease infection for pod yield and leafspot resistance, causal organisms Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. and Curt.) Deighton. Resistance was measured by leaf necrotic area and defoliation. Narrow sense heritabilities for all the traits were estimated by sib analysis and regression of S2 plant performance on S1 plant performance. Genetic correlations among traits and the relative efficiency of indirect selection for all the traits were also computed. The results suggest that selection among crosses for all the traits would be advantageous in the S1 (h2f = 67 to 79%) as compared to individual plant selection (h2 = 16 to 26%) or within family selection (h2w = 3 to 5%). Selection of genotypes within crosses would be the poorest strategy in early generations. Negative genetic correlations were noted between yield and leafspot severity. The expected progress in increasing resistance of peanut genotypes through selection for yield (30 to 40% of the response from direct selection for resistance) indicated that selection for yield under disease pressure may be advantageous for developing high yielding, leafspot tolerant genotypes.
Rodent Damage and Control in Peanut Fields in India
Authors: Parshad V. R. , Malhi C. S. , Ahmad N. , Gupta B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Studies were made on the identification, damage and chemical methods of control of rodent pests in irrigated and nonirrigated fields of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) at Ludhiana, India. Peanut fields were infested with Bandicota bengalensis, Tatera indica, Rattus meltada and Mus spp., except that B. bengalensis was absent in nonirrigated fields. These rodents reduced peanut yield by an average 3.86%, a loss of 190.18 rupees/ha ($15.12 US). Severe rodent damage was sporadic with a maximum of 18.97% reduction in peanut yield. Rodents inflicted more damage between 80 to 120 days after planting, i. e. during the pod fill stage of crop growth. A single treatment with poison bait at 80 to 90 days after planting with 2.4% zinc phosphide, 0.005% brodifacoum and 0.005% bromadiolone in cereal baits at the rate of 1 kg/ha resulted in 58.07%, 42.26% and 40.88% rodent control, respectively, in nonirrigated fields. In irrigated fields, 58.70% and 67.02% rodent control was achieved with zinc phosphide and brodifacoum baits respectively. Significantly higher rodent control was obtained with 2 treatments of either brodifacoum or bromadiolone than with a single treatment of any rodenticide. Wax blocks containing 0.005% brodifacoum were less effective than cereal baits containing the same rodenticide. Two applications at 10 day interval of either 0.005% brodifacoum or bromadiolone between 80–100 days after planting is suggested for rodent control in peanut fields.
Variability in Oil Quality Among Peanut Genotypes in the Florida Breeding Program1
Authors: Norden A. J. , Gorbet D. W. , Knauft D. A. , Young C. T. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The improvement of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) oil quality has long been an objective of the Florida breeding program, since it influences the shelf-life and nutritional quality of manufactured products. Fatty acid distribution of the peanut genotypes (228 in 1984 and 298 in 1985) from the Gainesville and Marianna locations was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. A wider range in fatty acid composition, especially in oleic and linoleic acids, was found among these genotypes than that reported previously in the literature for the cultivated peanut. Two closely related experimental lines (435–2–1 and 435–2–2) had 80% oleic and 2% linoleic acid, with iodine values of 74. For the Florida breeding lines, iodine values of the oil ranged from 74 to 107 and the oleic/linoleic (O/L) ratios from 0.9 to 35:1. Florunner, by comparison, has an iodine value of 95 and an O/L ratio of slightly less than 2. The oleic acid content of the different experimental lines ranged from 37% to 80%, and the linoleic acid content from 2% to 43%. The magnitude of this variability permits the development of peanut cultivars with a range of oil composition for improved nutritional and industrial purposes. All the oil quality factors were highly significantly affected by genotype, and all but three of the factors were significantly affected by season.
Effect of Hot Water Immersion on Storage Stability of Non-Refrigerated Peanuts1
Authors: Branch A. L. , Worthington R. E. , Roth I. L. , Chinnan M. S. , Nakayama T. O. M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Oxidative stability of Fla Early Bunch and NC7 peanuts immersed in hot water (79 C) for 90 sec and stored under non-refrigerated conditions was evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that water immersion disrupted structural makeup of the surface to form a glaze and caused coalescence of subcellular bodies. Initial hot water immersion resulted in decreased lipoxygenase activity. Throughout storage, peroxide values, free fatty acid values and lipoxygenase activity were lower in the immersed peanuts than in the non-immersed peanuts. Free fatty acid and peroxide values were significantly higher in the Fla Early Bunch cultivar than the NC7 cultivar.
Potential for Semi-Underground Storage of Farmers Stock Peanuts
Authors: Smith J. S. , Sanders T. H. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A small semi-underground warehouse was constructed by waterproofing and placing a 7.6 cm thick precast concrete tank 304.8 cm long by 152.4 cm wide by 152.4 cm deep in the ground with the top of the tank at ground level. Two courses of 20.3-cm concrete blocks were installed above the walls and the warehouse was covered with a sheet-metal gable roof having a 45-degree slope. The warehouse had a peanut storage capacity of approximately 10.2 m3. A fan located in the south gable changed the headspace air once every two minutes. Thermocouples and relative humidity sensors placed at various locations throughout the warehouse indicated temperatures and relative humidities at these locations. Free fatty acid and total carbonyl analyses indicated acceptable quality maintenance in the underground storage and compared well with peanuts in conventional storages. Temperatures were more uniform in the underground warehouse than in the conventional warehouse.