bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responsibility with Loyalty
Authors: Reeves-Ellington Barbara 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn the current trend toward greater reflexivity in scholarship, both translators and oral historians are re-examining their roles as mediators in the process of interpretation and representation. Based on my own interviews with Bulgarian women, I am attempting to develop model translation strategies for oral history narratives using Neubert and Shreve 's textual approach to translation. Guided in my decisions by the potential audience response, my objective is to provide historical information while retaining the emotional ring of the original interview and showcasing the unique features of the individual narrators' voices. Wary of the need to avoid "doing violence" to the people whose stories I recorded, I want to practice enough resistance while translating to complicate the reading process without resorting to subversive tactics.
The Role of the Foreign Translator in the Chinese Translation Tradition, 2nd to 19th Century
Authors: Hung Eva 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This is the first comprehensive study of the crucial role non-Chinese translators played in China's translation history. Drawing from records of three peak periods of translation activities in China, some dating back to as early as the mid-2nd century, the author presents the case of China's traditional reliance on foreign assistance in culturally important translation work, and argues that this was a direct result of the norms within mainstream Chinese culture. The article also explains how China's translation tradition underwent a dramatic change at the turn of the 20th century, and the disruptive effects this has had on translation scholarship.
Thump, Whizz, Poom
Authors: Kaindl Klaus 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Notwithstanding their importance as a segment of high-volume translation, comics have largely been neglected in Translation Studies. This paper presents a theoretical framework for studying the translation of comics as a social practice. On the premise that the production and reception of texts is dependent on their position and relative value in a given society, comics are first analyzed as a social phenomenon with the help of Bourdieu's theory of the cultural field. The translation-relevant elements of comics are then identified on the linguistic, typographic, and pictorial levels, and concepts of rhetoric are used to establish a classification of translation strategies which applies to both verbal and nonverbal textual material. Finally, a number of examples are discussed to highlight the diversity of translation strategies for the various elements of comics.
Clefts in Translations between English and German1
Authors: Doherty Monika 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA great number of translation problems are linguistic in nature, but they can only be properly diagnosed and their solutions 'objectively ' assessed if one takes account of the context in which the problematic elements occur. The paper focuses on a prototypical case of such translation problems: English cleft sentences and their counterparts in German. Clefts are claimed to establish a rhetorical relation with a propositional antecedent located beyond the local context, thus contributing to the formation of textual macro-structures. While the local context determines the focal interpretation of clefts within the current discourse, the appeal to earlier ideas attributes to the cleft a higher degree of contextual relevance.
Re-writing Hegemony in "Babel"
Authors: Anastasiadou Anastasia 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This paper seeks to determine the ways in which the translation of T.S. Eliot's Four Quartets by the post-war Greek poet A. Decavalles challenges the hegemony of this major text of the Western canon. Four Quartets is considered an anti-local poem, expressing the desire for the creation of "classic" English, which presupposes a transcendental linguistic essence and a "universal" perspective. Decavalles evinces an active attitude towards translation both in his reference to it as "re-creation" and in his creation of a target text which is at points not fluent, and even problematic. The opacity of the rewriting of Four Quartets in Greek, a language of a peripheral European country, constitutes a political act of resistance to Western (modernist) hegemony as it undermines the metaphysical certainties of Eliot's text.
Interpreter Mediated TV Events
Authors: Alexieva Bistra 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The major claims made here pertain to: (1) The dominant role of the Participants paremeter, where distinction is made between the "on-screen" and the "off-screen" casts, with the Interpreter acting as Mediator in two communicative channels; (2) The specificity of the TV product as a Polysemiotic Text, consisting of a variety of Language and Non-Language components, and the way it affects the Interpreter's performance; (3) The communicative goals of the two casts of Primary Participants and the strategies employed to attain them in a situation highly marked from a kinesthetic and proxemic point of view, which often leads to shifts in the Interpreter's output, and (4) The factors determining the choice of the optimum mode of Interpreting.
The Normative Model of Twentieth Century Belles Infidèles
Authors: Robyns Clem 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This paper draws on an analysis of Anglo-American detectives, thrillers and spy stories translated into the French Série Noire between the late fifties and the early seventies. Almost all of these translations are of the non-adequate type: the original novels are transformed according to an elaborate narrative model. It appears that these translation strategies correspond to the systemic position of the Série Noire in the French detective genre. However, they also fit into the old French tradition of translations as belles infideles, which was said to have "disappeared" in the 19th century.
A Theoretical Account of Translation - Without a Translation Theory
Authors: Gutt Ernst-August 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This paper argues that the phenomenon commonly referred to as "translation" can be accounted for naturally within the relevance theory of communication developed by Sperber and Wilson: there is no need for a distinct general theory of translation. Most kinds of translation can be analysed as varieties of interpretive use. I distinguish direct from indirect translation. Direct translation corresponds to the idea that translation should convey the same meaning as the original. It requires the receptors to familiarise themselves with the context envisaged for the original text. The idea that the meaning of the original can be communicated to any receptor audience, no matter how different their background, is shown to be a misconception based on mistaken assumptions about communication. Indirect translation involves looser degrees of resemblance. Direct translation is merely a special case of interpretive use, whereas indirect translation is the general case. In all cases the success of the translation depends on how well it meets the basic criterion for all human communication, which is consistency with the principle of relevance. Thus the different varieties of translation can be accounted for without recourse to typologies of texts, translations, functions or the like.
Typological Aspects of Translating Literary Japanese into German, II
Authors: Wienold Götz 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Japanese has a colourful variety of linguistic means for presenting voices in the dialogue of a novel and distinguishing them from the narration. In German translations, this is generally reduced to a uniform way of formulating sentences. Point of view, however, which finds linguistic expression in Japanese as well as in Western languages, is respected in German translations. The present article takes up some linguistic indications of point of view in Japanese, most of the examples being drawn from Kawabata's Yukiguni and Benl's German translation of it. A consistent finding is that the German translation tends toward a more objectivating way of narration alongside greater linguistic explicitness. This may be related to the linguistic signalling of personhood in Japanese and the role of personhood in Japanese culture. Thus, the present article puts forward the hypothesis that German translations of Japanese novels may tend to deflect traits of Japanese culture in the direction of the receiving culture.
Texttheorie und Translatorisches Handeln
Authors: Vermeer Hans J. 
Published: January 2011

Résumé
Cet article prend pour point de départ la théorie de "l'acte tradui-sant" (Holz-Mänttäri), qui a éclairé sous un jour nouveau les relations entre texte-source et texte-cible. Celles-ci dépendent surtout de l'objectif (ou "man-dat": "skopos" dans la terminologie de l'auteur) poursuivi par cette opération. A concevoir le contenu du message à transmettre comme une "scène", et le texte comme son "cadre", la tâche du traducteur apparaît comme une procédure itérative de scènes-et-cadres; culturellement réceptive, elle subit des modifications de nature intrinsèque ou externe, et permet au récepteur de la traduction de comprendre l'intention du "mandataire".—La procedure ("jeu") ainsi presentee fait ensuite l'objet d'un examen par échelons, selon un ordre descendant.
The Concept of Function of Translation and its Application to Literary Texts
Authors: Roberts Roda P. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Many translation theorists have adopted a functional approach to translation in an attempt to guide and explain the difficult choices a translator must make. This paper argues that it is the function of the translation, and not the functions of language or the function of the source text, that is the translator's guiding force. Having defined the function of translation as the application or use which the translation is intended to have in the context of the target situation, various functions that a literary translation may serve are examined. Finally, using the criteria of functions of language, functions of (source) text and functions of translation, an attempt is made to show that the type and degree of coincidence between the formal manifestations of the functions of language in the source text, the function of the source text and the translation depend on the precise function of the latter.
Sur le rôle des métaphores en traductologie contemporaine
Authors: D’hulst Lieven 
Published: January 2011

RésuméLoin d'être un substrat de théories 'préscientifiques', la métaphore traductologique conserve sa place et son rôle dans les théories contemporaines. Entant qu' instrument cognitif, elle y accomplit l'interaction entre le théme et desphores choisis dans des domaines comme la psycholinguistique ou la théorie actantielle. Par son extension sémantique, elle engendre des réajustements successifs souvent métaphoriques à leur tour. En tant que procédé argumentatif, lamétaphore sert à imposer de nouveaux modéles théoriques; corrélativement, ellesert à marginaliser des modéles antérieurs ou concurrents par une représentationnouvelle de leurs concepts.
Zum Aussagewert motivgeschichtlicher Übersetzungsstudien1
Authors: Czennia Bärbel 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung
Historical and descriptive oriented translation studies of novels face enormous practical problems, which can only be solved by a selective approach. Of special interest for the cultural history of the 19th century are literary landscapes, enabling translation scholars who deal with different literatures to collaborate on a limited textual basis. Alterations of a literary 'leitmotiv' can effect considerable shifts on all levels of the target-text, e.g., content, point of view and overall thematic structure. It seems very likely that the findings gained from comparative analysis of novel-translations do also apply to other literary forms and that they can be regarded as "translational constants" in a cultural history of literary translation.
Is There a Special Kind of “Reading” for Translation?
Authors: Shreve Gregory M. , Schäffner Christina , Danks Joseph H. , Griffin Jennifer 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe role of reading in translation is rarely discussed in the literature. Translation has mainly been discussed within a product-oriented framework. The more process-oriented approaches of recent years have taken notice of reading as a component activity of the translation process. However, few empirical studies have been completed which address the role of reading in translation. The way a person reads, and the result of that reading (some sort of mental representation of the text or text segment), will depend on the reader's purposes and motivations. The present empirical study indicates that while the translator's reading of a text may be to some extent more thorough and deliberate than that of an ordinary reader, it is not likely to be markedly so. The study also indicates a significant variability in the way translators "read for translation". This suggests the existence of alternate strategies in this kind of reading.
Underpinning Translation Theory
Authors: Malmkjær Kirsten 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This article suggests that the discomfort with translation theory felt by some translation scholars arises from the fact that translation theory has tended to undermine itself, and hence translation studies as such, by questioning the existence of its own subject matter. An attempt is made to ease the discomfort by defending Davidson's (1973; 1974) reply to the indeterminacy thesis proposed by Quine (1960). Finally, the article draws on Davidson's later theory of linguistic interaction (1986) in presenting a model of translation which highlights features which translation does not share with other types of linguistic interaction, and which may, consequently, merit particular attention in translation theory.
Das Ende deutscher Romanübersetzungen aus zweiter Hand
Authors: Graeber Wilhelm 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung
In eighteenth-century Germany, many English works were translated not from the original texts, but from French versions. As far as narrative literature is concerned, the period of "second-hand translation" extends from 1720 to 1765, while in other literary genres it continues to the end of the century. This partial rejection of French role as mediators may be attributed to the developing German target literature as well as to developments within French literature itself The reception of Henry Fielding's last novel Amelia reveals the fading prestige of French translations and novels in their mother country, which will induce German translators to dissociate themselves from their intermediaries.
Übersetzung* Translation* Traduction
Authors: Wipf Christina 
Published: January 2011

Unusual ventures justify special measures. The project outlined below is such a venture. It concerns a new, large-scale encyclopedia of translation studies. Scheduled for publication by Walter de Gruyter (Berlin/New York) in 1999-2001 as part of their series of Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science (general editors Hugo Steger and Herbert Ernst Wiegand), the encyclopedia Übersetzung* Translation* Traduction will consist of some 400 articles spread over three volumes of around 1,000 (large-format) pages each. The editors are Armin Paul Frank (Göttingen), Norbert Greiner (Heidelberg), Theo Hermans (London), Harald Kittel (Göttingen), Werner Koller (Bergen), José Lambert (Leuven) and Fritz Paul (Göttingen).
In the following pages the editors submit their project for public scrutiny. The presentation is necessarily brief, and covers only the general nature and overall structure of the Encyclopedia. Further information, including a detailed list of individual articles, may be obtained from the editor-in-chief at the address below. The editors invite readers of Target to come forward with comments, criticism and suggestions to improve the existing concept. Please write to: Dr Harald Kittel, SFB 309 'Die Literarische Übersetzung', Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Humboldtallee 17, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany.
“Those Who Do...”
Authors: Pöchhacker Franz 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn an attempt to survey the contemporary landscape of Interpreting Studies, the paper draws a profile of 'schools' of research(ers) based on the output of writings and research on interpreting in the years from 1989 to 1994. A ranking of the most productive authors in the period under study serves as the data-based point of departure for a—necessarily personal—account of some of the leading centers of research on interpreting in terms of their main representatives, approaches and areas of interest. The survey concludes with a brief reflection on possible trends and perspectives for the further evolution of Interpreting Studies as a field of academic research.
Fidelity Assessment in Consecutive Interpretation
Authors: Gile Daniel 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
In a classroom French-to-English consecutive interpretation experiment, both the speaker and the (student) delegates were found to be unreliable fidelity assessors: they did not detect all interpretation errors on the one hand, and imagined errors that had not been made by the interpreter, on the other. As to their fidelity ratings, they remained surprisingly close to each other in spite of a wide spread in the number of reported errors. The paper also discusses this experiment in the wider context of interpretation research policy.
The Concept of Equivalence and the Object of Translation Studies1
Authors: Koller Werner 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRegardless of the approach one uses in the study of translating and translations, it remains necessary to delimit the legitimate field of concern. I.e. translations must be identified and describedsui generisas the results of a text-processing activity. From the linguistic and text-theoretical perspective this objective is fulfilled by the concept of equivalence; a translation is defined as a secondary text that stands in an equivalence relation to a primary text. The range of the equivalence-oriented approach and the possibilities it offers for systematic description and explanation of translational phenomena are, however, limited. Its problems and limitations become apparent not only in the context of historical translation research, but also whenever interest focusses upon the text-productive—i.e. ultimately creative—aspect of translation, as opposed to its reproductive aspect, i.e. the linguistic-textual relationships between languages and texts as these are deduced from regularities.
Corpora in Translation Studies
Authors: Baker Mona 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Corpus-based research has become widely accepted as a factor in improving the performance of machine translation systems, and corpus-based terminology compilation is now the norm rather than the exception. Within translation studies proper, Lindquist (1984) has advocated the use of corpora for training translators, and Baker (1993a) has argued that theoretical research into the nature of translation will receive a powerful impetus from corpus-based studies. It is becoming increasingly important to take stock of what is happening on this front and to start working towards the development of an explicit and coherent methodology for corpus-based research in the discipline. This paper discusses the current and potential use of corpora in translation studies, with particular reference to theoretical issues.
Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects of Corpus Selection in Translation Studies
Authors: van Doorslaer Luc 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAlthough research procedures for translation analysis and comparison are being adapted to the principles of induction and deduction which are necessary in intersubjective research, criteria for corpus selection are often not explicitly motivated. Since hypotheses depend for their reliability on the corpus selected, attention should be paid to the relationship between exhaustiveness and representativeness. Criteria for corpus selection are often either random or textually motivated, while exceptions and deviations in translation often require a qualitative refinement of these criteria such as that obtained from extra-textual information.
Language, Translation and the Promotion of National Identity
Authors: Woodsworth Judith 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article examines two test cases involving the translation of works of literature into minority languages: the translation into contemporary Scots ofLes belles-soeursby Québec playwright Michel Tremblay and the translation into Romansch ofThe House at Pooh Cornerby British children's author A. A. Milne. In both cases, translation is perceived as a means of exercising the language, developing its resources and thus ensuring its survival. In strengthening the minority language and culture, translation is seen as a way of promoting national identity.
Affective and Attitudinal Factors in Translation Processes1
Authors: Laukkanen Johanna 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe role of affective and attitudinal factors in translation has lately attracted increasing attention within process-oriented translation research. Think-aloud studies show that affective factors play an important part in the decision-making processes of translation. In the present TAP study the affective dimension of translation was researched via evaluative utterances produced by the subject.
What Translators of Plays Think About Their Work
Authors: Jänis Marja 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This study used loosely conducted interviews to determine how translators of plays see their work, including their position towards the theatre. Different ways of performing the act were reported, along with different attitudes towards the use of background materials. Significant differences were found in what was considered most essential in translating a play: some stressed the need to visualize events during translation while others emphasized the audible aspects of the dialogue. Some translators portrayed themselves as 'invisible mediators', unconcerned with any future performance, whereas others claimed to be working consciously towards one. A third group described their work as 'art' and stressed the need to liberate themselves from the slavery of the source text and find a language of their own.
Translating the Untranslatable
Authors: Lane-Mercier Gillian 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Translation scholars have recently emphasized the importance of the translator's (in)visibility (Venuti) and of the ethical aim of translation (Berman). This paper argues that a) the translation of literary sociolects is paradigmatic of the way in which the translator's visibility is foregrounded within the target text; b) their translation requires a "visible" engagement on the part of the translator which is grounded in an ethics of translation, thus leading beyond the visible/ invisible dichotomy implied by Venuti and the positive/negative ethics dichotomy set up by Berman; c) the comments made by numerous translation scholars concerning the problems raised by literary sociolects reflect some of the contradictions besetting contemporary translation theory.
Who Verbalises What
Authors: Tirkkonen-Condit Sonja 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This paper suggests that a linguistic analysis of TAPs elicited by authentic-like translation briefs might reveal differences in existing or potential translational proficiency. A distinction is made between addressee-oriented and addressee-free verbalisations, and in focus are evaluative statements and expressives. Two tentative hypotheses emerge, namely that the proportion and specificity of evaluations of the target text increases with translational proficiency, and that expressives reveal attitudinal differences attributable to different levels of proficiency.