bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefit-Cost Analysis: Distributional Considerations under Producer Quota Buyouts
Authors: Schmitz Andrew , Schmitz Troy G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBenefit-cost (B/C) analysis must take into account the distributional effects from a policy or program change. To highlight this, we focus on the theory of production quota buyouts within a B/C framework. As an empirical application, we provide evidence on the distributional effects of the U.S. government buyout of the peanut program in 2002, where production quotas were key ingredients. Two approaches to producer compensation under the buyout are discussed: (1) value of quota approach and (2) gains from quota approach. In the peanut quota program buyout, the U.S. government chose the value of quota approach. Both consumers and producers were made better off as a result of the buyout, and there was a net gain in efficiency. If the government had chosen the gains from quota approach instead, government expenditures and producer gains would have been lower, and consumer benefits would have remained unchanged. Under either approach, the B/C ratios calculated for the government quota buyout are almost identical.
Effectiveness of injection of local anesthetic into the retrobulbar space for postoperative analgesia following eye enucleation in dogs
Authors: Myrna Kathern E. , Bentley Ellison , Smith Lesley J. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Objective—To assess the efficacy of a retrobulbar bupivacaine nerve block for postoperative analgesia following eye enucleation in dogs.
Design—Randomized controlled trial.
Animals—22 dogs.
Procedures—Client-owned dogs admitted to the hospital for routine eye enucleation were enrolled with owner consent and randomly assigned to a treatment (bupivacaine hydrochloride) or control (saline [0.9% NaCl] solution) group. Baseline subjective pain scores were recorded. Anesthesia consisted of hydromorphone and midazolam preoperatively, thiopental or propofol for induction, and isoflurane in oxygen for maintenance. An inferior-temporal palpebral retrobulbar injection of either saline solution or bupivacaine was administered. Transpalpebral eye enucleation was performed. Pain scores were recorded at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours after extubation (time 0) by observers masked to treatment groups. Dogs were given hydromorphone (0.2 mg/kg [0.09 mg/lb], IM or IV) as a rescue analgesic if the subjective pain score totaled ≥ 9 (out of a maximum total score of 18) or ≥ 3 in any 1 category.
Results—9 of 11 control dogs required a rescue dose of hydromorphone, but only 2 of 11 dogs in the bupivacaine treatment group required rescue analgesia. Mean time to treatment failure (ie, administration of rescue analgesia following extubation) was 0.56 hours (95% confidence interval, 0.029 to 1.095 hours) for the 11 dogs that received hydromorphone.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Retrobulbar administration of bupivacaine in dogs in conjunction with traditional premedication prior to eye enucleation was an effective form of adjunctive analgesia and reduced the need for additional postoperative analgesics.
Evaluation of open versus closed urine collection systems and development of nosocomial bacteriuria in dogs
Authors: Sullivan Lauren A. , Campbell Vicki L. , Onuma Serene C. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether use of a closed urine collection system would decrease the incidence of nosocomial bacteriuria in hospitalized dogs, compared with use of an open urine collection system (used, sterile IV bags).
Design—Randomized controlled trial.
Animals—51 hospitalized dogs requiring indwelling urinary catheterization for ≥ 24 hours.
Procedures—Dogs were randomly assigned to an open or closed urine collection system group. A standardized protocol for catheter placement and maintenance was followed for all dogs. A baseline urine sample was collected via cystocentesis for aerobic bacterial culture, with additional urine samples obtained daily from the urine collection reservoir.
Results—27 dogs were assigned to the open urine collection system group, and 24 were assigned to the closed urine collection system group. The incidence of nosocomial bacteriuria in dogs with open urine collection systems (3/27 [11.1%]) was not significantly different from incidence in dogs with closed urine collection systems (2/24 [8.3%]). Median duration of catheterization was 2 days for dogs in both groups; the range was 1 to 7 days for dogs in the open group and 1 to 5 days for dogs in the closed group.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that for dogs requiring short-term indwelling urinary catheterization, the type of urine collection system (open vs closed) was not associated with likelihood of developing nosocomial bacteriuria. Use of a strict protocol for urinary catheter placement and maintenance was likely key in the low incidence of nosocomial bacteriuria in the present study.
Surgical extraction of an intraocular infection of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in a horse
Authors: Reinstein Shelby L. , Lucio-Forster Araceli , Bowman Dwight D. , Eberhard Mark L. , Hoberg Eric P. , Pot Simon A. , Miller Paul E. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Case Description—A 4-year-old Hanoverian gelding was evaluated because of a mobile worm-like structure in the right eye.
Clinical Findings—Ophthalmologic examination of the right eye revealed a white, thin, coiled, mobile parasite, which was presumed to be a nematode, located in the ventral portion of the anterior chamber of the eye; there also were vitreal strands located temporally and inferiorly near the margin of the pupil. Results of ophthalmologic examination of the left eye were unremarkable.
Treatment and Outcome—The horse was treated with a neomycin-polymyxin B-dexamethasone ophthalmic solution applied topically (1 drop, q 8 h) to the right eye and penicillin V potassium (22,000 U/kg [10,000 U/lb], IV, q 6 h). The horse was anesthetized. A stab incision was made in the cornea, and a viscoelastic agent was infused around the parasite. The parasite was extracted via the incision by use of an iris hook and tying forceps. The horse had an uncomplicated recovery from the procedure and retained vision in the right eye. Gross and microscopic examination was used to identify the parasite as an adult metastrongyloid nematode consistent with a fully developed male Parelaphostrongylus tenuis.
Clinical Relevance—To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of intraocular parelaphostrongylosis in a horse. This report provided evidence that vision could be retained after treatment for intraocular P tenuis infection in a horse.
Universal fractional Euler-Lagrange equation from a generalized fractional derivate operator
Authors: El-Nabulsi Rami 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to extend the fractional actionlike variational approach by introducing a generalized fractional derivative operator. The generalized fractional formalism introduced through this work includes some interesting features concerning the fractional Euler-Lagrange and Hamilton equations. Additional attractive features are explored in some details.
Isolation of 1,2-epoxybutane-3-ol and 2,3-epoxybutane-1-ol from post-reaction mixtures
Authors: Wróblewska Agnieszka , Wajzberg-Prokowska Joanna , Ławro Ewelina , Milchert Eugeniusz 
Published: July 2010

Isolation of 1,2-epoxybutane-3-ol and 2,3-epoxybutane-1-ol from post-reaction mixtures
Attempts were made to isolate 1,2-epoxybutane-3-ol and 2,3-epoxybutane-1-ol from post-reaction mixtures left after the epoxidation of 1-butene-3-ol and 2-butene-1-ol with hydrogen peroxide by thin film distillation. From the raw mixture containing about 8.3 wt% of the epoxide at the first stage the concentration of epoxide is increased to 32 wt%. At the second stage of distillation the epoxide fraction is concentrated to about 76 wt%. After the third stage of thin film distillation the epoxide fraction of 99.6% purity can be obtained. The concentration of this fraction by azeotropic distillation with n-propanol as an azeotropic agent permits obtaining epoxide of 99.6 wt% purity.
Synthesis of inorganic oxide composites with the use of postgalvanic waste solutions of copper(II) sulfate
Authors: Modrzejewska-Sikorska Anna , Ciesielczyk Filip , Jesionowski Teofil 
Published: July 2010

Synthesis of inorganic oxide composites with the use of postgalvanic waste solutions of copper(II) sulfate
The study was undertaken to obtain an oxide composite (inorganic colourful pigment) in the method based on the use of postgalvanic waste solution of copper(II) sulfate. The conditions of the process of precipitation of synthetic CuOSiO2 were optimised by checking the effect of the concentration and the volume ratio of the reagents and the temperature on the physico-chemical parameters of the final product. The oxide composite obtained in the optimum conditions was characterised by high refinement of particles and large specific surface area BET of 326 m2/g.
Epoxidation of crotyl alcohol in the presence of titanium silicalite Ti-MWW catalyst — the new and friendly method of 2,3-epoxybutane-1-ol synthesis
Authors: Wróblewska Agnieszka , Fajdek Anna , Milchert Eugeniusz 
Published: July 2010

Epoxidation of crotyl alcohol in the presence of titanium silicalite Ti-MWW catalyst — the new and friendly method of 2,3-epoxybutane-1-ol synthesis
Epoxidation of crotyl alcohol (CA) with 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide over Ti-MWW catalyst has been studied with methanol as a solvent and at autogenic pressure. The influence of temperature in the range of 20-120°C, the molar ratio of CA/H2O2 1:1-5:1, methanol concentration 5-90 wt%, Ti-MWW catalyst concentration 0.0-5.0 wt% and the reaction time 5-300 min have been studied. The main product of CA epoxidation is 2,3-epoxybutane-1-ol (2,3EB1O), a compound with many applications.
Application of pyrolysis residue from waste materials in black coal flotation
Authors: Fečko Peter , Kašpárková Alena , Pertile Eva , Kříž Vlastimil , Tora Barbara , Jarosiński Andrzej , Janáková Iva 
Published: July 2010

Application of pyrolysis residue from waste materials in black coal flotation
The paper deals with the verification of the floatability of pyrolytic oils, which were obtained through the pyrolysis of waste, namely mixed plastics, tyres and waste rubber in combination with black coal from Lazy Mine, and classical collector Montanol 551 in black coal flotation. Black coal from ČSA OKD, a.s. coal preparation plant was used for flotation tests. The results imply that it is possible to produce collectors from waste materials which may be applied in the flotation of black coal. Next, the paper focused on the identification of a suitable combination of pyrolytic oils and Montanol 551 in order to reach ash content in the concentrate below 10%.
Assessment of the loss of mass, organic substance and combustible elements in the waste biodegradation process
Authors: Generowicz Agnieszka , Olek Małgorzata 
Published: July 2010

Assessment of the loss of mass, organic substance and combustible elements in the waste biodegradation process
The paper presents the results of an analysis of the changes of the mass and amounts of organic substances and combustible elements in a biodegradation process. The prepared sample of organic waste constituted the material used for the tests. The composting process was being carried out for 9 weeks in field conditions. The samples for analyses were collected every 7 days. The content of a biodegradable fraction was determined according to the procedure described in the standard of PN - EN 15169: 2007 "Characterization of waste-Determination of loss on ignition in waste, sludge and sediments". Reduction of the mass of the organic waste during the composting process amounted to 35%. A significant content of organic fraction (about 60-70% after 9 weeks) remains in the composted waste; and the content of combustible elements is reduced (by about 30%.)
Efficacy of Time-Area Method in simulating temporal variation of sediment yield in Chehelgazi watershed, Iran
Authors: Darvishan A. , Sadeghi S. , Gholami L. 
Published: July 2010

Efficacy of Time-Area Method in simulating temporal variation of sediment yield in Chehelgazi watershed, Iran
The proper prediction of temporal and spatial variation of sediment yield from the watershed is a need for sediment control, river engineering and soil and water conservation studies. The present study was therefore planned to simulate the sediment graphs for Chehelgazi watershed in Gheshlagh dam upstream in Kurdistan Province, Iran, by using Time-Area Method. Towards this attempt, the study watershed was divided into 7 time-area segments based on the time of concentration. The soil erosion in each segment was estimated using the USLE and then routed to the main outlet using sediment delivery ratio as a function of land slope in two adjacent time-areas. The temporal variation of sediment was ultimately predicted with the help of lag time of sediment arrival to the outlet and the concept of superposition for 11 storm events, which occurred during winter 2006 and spring 2007. The comparison between estimated sediment graphs with corresponding observed ones verified the weak capability of the model in simulation of sediment graphs under consideration. The results also verified the calibration necessity of the model to achieve appropriate estimation for important components of the sediment graphs. The results of the calibration finally proved the considerable capability of the model in predicting of total volume of sediment yield with respective estimation and verification errors of 30.93 and 33.40%.
Suspended sediment concentration and yield in snowmelt flood events in a small lowland river
Authors: Hejduk Agnieszka , Banasik Kazimierz 
Published: July 2010

Suspended sediment concentration and yield in snowmelt flood events in a small lowland river
Results of investigation on suspended sediment delivery from small lowland, agriculturally used catchment of Zagożdżonka River, located in central Poland, during snowmelt periods of 2001-2007 are presented. The study catchment's area, upstream of the well equipped gauging station at Czarna, is 23.4 km2. Suspended sediment concentration and sediment yield has been calculated and analysed for 15 snowmelt flood events. The relationship between suspended sediment concentration and the discharge has been analyzed. It has been found that the relation, in majority of the cases, has the form of clockwise hysteresis, however the existance of other types of hysteresis i.e. anticlockwise and "8" shape, have been also confirmed. Significant relation between suspended sediment yield and runoff volume of snowmelt flood events has been also found.
Estimating long term sediment yields from sediment core analysis
Authors: Kennie Patricia , Bogen Jim , Olsen Hans 
Published: July 2010

Estimating long term sediment yields from sediment core analysis
Sediment cores from lakes and reservoirs can be used to estimate sediment yields. In proglacial lakes, the bed sediment typically accumulates as varves, reflecting changes in seasonal and annual sedimentation. This report compares the results from two different methods of measuring suspended sediment transport in a Norwegian glacial river and lake. Sediment yields obtained from a study of sediment cores in the proglacial lake Nigardsvatn along with measurements of the delta topset were compared with a 25-year record of sediment transport based on automatic water sampling and water discharge measurements at a monitoring station at the inflowing river. During the period from 1980 to 2005, analyses of sediment cores taken from the lake bed along with measurements and grain size distribution analysis of the delta indicated that a volume of 175,670 to 202,697 m3 was deposited in the lake Nigardsvatn and corresponding river delta. The year 1980 was selected as a convenient starting point because a large-magnitude flood with a 100-year recurrence interval occurred at the end of 1979, leaving an easily recognizable sediment layer and accurate reference point. Sediment cores were taken at a total of 24 locations throughout the lake and 25 locations in the delta. The densities of the sediment cores were found to vary between 1.3 and 1.5 g/cm3 during the period examined in this study, giving a total suspended sediment load of between 175,670 and 202,697 tons. The measurements carried out at the sediment station in the glacier melt-water river gave a value of 294,800 tons during the same period. A final value of 211,100 tons is calculated from the monitoring station results after deduction of the sediment fraction which passes through the lake without being deposited. This gives a discrepancy between the two methods of 8,403 to 35,430 tons (4-20%). This can be partially attributed to the difficulties of measuring the water discharge in the unstable glacier meltwater river. In conclusion, sediment cores may be used to extrapolate or correct measurements from sediment monitoring stations over longer periods but caution should be made when considering single years.
Estimation of wind erosion rates of Mongolian Plateau by using 137Cs tracing technique
Authors: Qi Yongqing , Liu Jiyuan , Shi Huading , Zhuang Dafang , Hu Yunfeng 
Published: July 2010

Estimation of wind erosion rates of Mongolian Plateau by using 137Cs tracing technique
Wind erosion is one of the major environmental problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Here we established a transect from northwest (Tariat, Mongolia) to southeast (Xilingol, Inner Mongolia of China) across the Mongolian Plateau, and selected eight sampling sites along the transect. We then estimated the soil wind erosion rates by using the 137Cs tracing technique and examined their spatial dynamics. In the Mongolia section (from Tariat to Sainshand), the wind erosion rate increased gradually with vegetation type and climatic regimes; the wind erosion process was controlled by physical factors such as annual precipitation and vegetation coverage, etc. While in the China section (Inner Mongolia), the wind erosion rates of Xilinhot, Zhengxiangbai Banner and Taipusi Banner were thrice as much as those of Bayannur of Mongolia, although these four sites were all dominated by typical steppe. Besides the physical factors, higher population density and livestock carrying level should be responsible for the higher wind erosion rates in these regions of Inner Mongolia.
Isotopic evidence of partial mycoheterotrophy in the Gentianaceae: Bartonia virginica and Obolaria virginica as case studies
Authors: Cameron Duncan D. , Bolin Jay F. 
Published: July 2010

• Premise of the study: An estimated 10% of plant species have evolved to steal C from their symbiotic fungal partners (mycoheterotrophy), and while physiological evidence for full and partial mycoheterotrophy is well developed in the Orchidaceae and Ericaceae, it is lacking for the majority of other mycoheterotrophic taxa. The family Gentianaceae not only contains several lineages of achlorophyllous mycoheterotrophs, but also contains species that are putative partially mycoheterotrophic. The North American genera Bartonia and Obolaria (Gentianaceae) are green but have leaves reduced to scales or foliose bracts and so have ambiguous mycoheterotrophic status.• Methods: We investigated the natural abundance 13C and 15N profiles of both genera along with total N and chlorophyll content and investigated mycorrhizal infection using light microscopy.• Key results: The shoots of B. virginica were significantly more enriched in 15N than the surrounding vegetation but not in 13C. In contrast, the shoots of O. virginica are not enriched in 15N compared to the surrounding vegetation but were significantly enriched in 13C. Total N concentrations were significantly higher than the surrounding vegetation in B. virginica, while the collaroid roots of both species were infected by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.• Conclusions: This microscopic evidence coupled with the natural abundance stable isotope profiles strongly suggests that both species are partially mycoheterotrophic. However, differences in the root–shoot stable isotopic patterns relative to surrounding vegetation between B. virginica and O. virginica are suggestive of the utilization of different physiological pathways or extent of commitment to mycoheterotrophic C gain.
Molecular phylogeny and biogeographic diversification of Parthenocissus (Vitaceae) disjunct between Asia and North America
Authors: Nie Ze‐Long , Sun Hang , Chen Zhi‐Duan , Meng Ying , Manchester Steven R. , Wen Jun 
Published: July 2010

• Premise of the study: Parthenocissus is a genus of the grape family Vitaceae and has a disjunct distribution in Asia and North America with members in both tropical and temperate regions. The monophyly of Parthenocissus has not yet been tested, and the species relationships and the evolution of its intercontinental disjunction have not been investigated with extensive sampling and molecular phylogenetic methods.• Methods: Plastid (trnL‐F, rps16, and atpB‐rbcL) and nuclear GAI1 sequences of 56 accessions representing all 12 Parthenocissus species were analyzed with parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian inference. Divergence times of disjunct lineages were estimated with relaxed Bayesian dating. Evolution of the leaflet number was assessed by tracing this character onto Bayesian trees using the Trace Character Over Trees option in the program Mesquite.• Key results: Parthenocissus is monophyletic and sister to the newly described segregate genus Yua. Two major clades within Parthenocissus are recognizable corresponding to their distribution in Asia and North America. The disjunction between the two continents is estimated to be at 21.64 (95% higher posterior densities 10.23–34.89) million years ago.• Conclusions: Parthenocissus is likely to have derived from the Eocene boreotropical element. Its current Asian–North American disjunction is dated to the early Miocene, congruent with fossil and paleoclimatic evidence. The tropical species is nested within the temperate clade and is inferred to have dispersed from the adjacent temperate regions. Parthenocissus and Yua are best treated as distinct genera. Leaflet number in this genus has a complex history and cannot be used as a character for infrageneric classification.
Tank modelling of azimuthal resistivity surveys over anisotropic bedrock with dipping overburden
Authors: Watson Kathryn A. , Barker Ron D. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTRotational or azimuthal resistivity sounding is frequently employed for determining the electrical anisotropy of the subsurface, from which the orientation of fracturing, which might give rise to the anisotropy, is interpreted. However, symmetrical 4‐electrode arrays, such as the Wenner, Schlumberger and square, are ambiguous and will also produce an anisotropy‐style signature over dipping strata or a gradational lateral change in rock resistivity. This problem may be overcome by use of a 5‐electrode offset‐Wenner array. Simple tank modelling of an anisotropic bedrock overlain by an isotropic overburden demonstrates that rotational offset‐Wenner sounding will clearly indicate whether observed anisotropy is real or whether it is merely due to the similar and ambiguous effects of a varying overburden thickness.
How fast does the brain recover after an epileptic seizure?
Authors: Bratu Ionuț‐Flavius , Medina Villalon Samuel , Garnier Elodie , Bénar Christian‐G. , Bartolomei Fabrice 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe postictal state, an abnormal cerebral condition following a seizure until the return to the interictal baseline, is frequently overlooked, despite often exceeding ictal duration and significantly impacting patients' lives. This study analyzes stereo‐EEG (SEEG) signal dynamics using permutation entropy to quantify recovery time (postictal alteration time – PAT) in focal epilepsy and its clinical correlations. The average PAT was 4.5 min, extending up to an hour and was highest in temporal epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis. Correlating with age at seizure onset and at SEEG, PAT provides a solution for operationally defining the postictal state and guiding interventions.