bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Sludge Microorganisms in Nitrogen Transformations in Podzolic Soil Amended with Sewage Sludge
Authors: Joniec Jolanta , Furczak Jadwiga , Baran Stanisław 
Published: June 2012

The Importance of Sludge Microorganisms in Nitrogen Transformations in Podzolic Soil Amended with Sewage SludgeThe laboratory experiment was set up on a podzolic soil in two variants. In one of them non-sterile sewage sludge was introduced into the soil, and in the second - the same sludge but subjected previously to the process of sterilisation. In both variants the same doses of the sludge were applied: 30 (1%), 75 (2.5%), 150 (5%), 300 (10%) and 600 Mg·ha-1(20%). Then, after 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months, the soil of both experimental variants was analysed for the numbers of bacteria and fungi decomposing proteins, the rate of the process of ammonification, the rate of the process of nitrification, and for proteolytic activity. The results obtained revealed a stimulating effect of the sludge, both sterile and non-sterile, on the numbers of the microbial groups under study and on the rate of nitrification and protease activity. Only the process of ammonification was subject to inhibition. The observed effects of the sludge were the most pronounced in the case of the higher sludge doses. Significantly greater numbers of protein-decomposing fungi and higher activity of almost all (except for ammonifcation) analysed biochemical parameters in the soil with non-sterile sludge compared to that with sterile sludge indicate an effect of microorganisms from the sludge on the microbiological transformations of nitrogen in soil amended with sewage sludge.
The Activity of Selected Disinfectants Towards Endospores of Bacteria of the Bacillus Genus
Authors: Olesiak Paulina , Smyłła Aleksandra , Krupa Piotr , Kostecki Maciej 
Published: June 2012

The Activity of Selected Disinfectants Towards Endospores of Bacteria of theBacillusGenusDisinfectants are commonly used in households, hospitals, in drug manufacturing, in food processing. With the ever-increasing antibiotic-resistance of microorganisms, it is crucial to rationally apply disinfectants in suitable concentrations, with proper active substance, as not all substances affect various organisms in the same way. Among the microorganisms that are particularly difficult to kill, there are bacteria producing spores - forms that have different structure and sensitivity to disinfectants than the vegetative forms. The aim of the study has been to examine the influence of frequently used disinfectant compounds upon the spores of bacteria of theBacillusgenus:B. cereus, B. mycoides, andB. subtilis.In the study of disinfectants the findings showed that the disinfectants with the best results against spores are: peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide in concentrations of 30% as well as 5%, and Lysoformin 3000. The least efficient in fighting spores proved to be Isopropanol and Promanum N. Differentiation has been found to exist in the reaction of specific species to the preparation Rafasept, asB. subtilisoccurred to be very sensitive to that compound, whereas Rafasept turned out to be ineffective in the case ofB. mycoidesandB. cereus.
Novel gut bacterial fauna of <i>Gryllotalpa africana</i> Beau. (Orthoptera : Gryllotalpidae)
Authors: Desai Ashok E , Bhamre Pramila R 
Published: June 2012

Gryllotalpa africana (Beauvois) is a successful group of detritus feeder therefore it is an important both for their roles in carbon cycling in the environment and converting organic decaying material in to biofuel. Hence, bacterial diversity and relationship were explored from the mole cricket G.africana (Beau) to show ideal symbiotic association. The analysis and characterization of gut micro biota of G.africana (Beau) revealed the presence of 10 species and two genera of bacteria viz. Acidiphilium rubrum, Dienococcus proteolyticus, Sporosarcina ureae, Micrococcus varians, Micrococcus kristinae, Acetobactrium, Alcaligenes eutrophus, Micrococcus roseus, Micrococcus lylae, Sporosarcina, Citrobacter amalonaticus and Corynebacterium xerosis. All the species and genera were confirmed by observing their morphological features of the colony and various biochemical tests. These results indicate that the presence of mole cricket specific bacterial lineages implies relationship of gut microbes and their host mole cricket. The outcome of this work indicted that the gut bacterial fauna of G.africana shows the species-rich with greater diverse communities which might be providing resistance to invasion of pathogenic bacteria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v6i1.5949
‘The Catholic Mahdi of the North West’: Louis Riel and the Metis Resistance in Transatlantic and Imperial Context
Authors: Read Geoff , Webb Todd 
Published: June 2012

Abstract: The authors examine the transatlantic press coverage of the Metis resistance in Saskatchewan in 1885. The article documents that there was extensive international coverage of this ostensibly Canadian conflict and traces the evolution of narratives about it from their origins in French and English Canada to the United States, Great Britain, and France. The article resituates Riel and the Metis resistance within this international framework, demonstrating how the story of Riel and the Metis was reshaped by commentators in the transatlantic world to suit local, national, and imperial contexts.
‘Every boy ought to learn to shoot and to obey orders’: Guns, Boys, and the Law in English Canada from the late Nineteenth Century to the Great War
Authors: Brown R. Blake 
Published: June 2012

Abstract: Firearms became a key part of boy and male youth culture in English Canada before the Great War. By the 1890s, imperialist sentiments had infused the growing interest in hunting, advocates of which celebrated the value of rifle shooting by suggesting that it made boys into ideal British men. As well, emerging worries about the feminization of urban youth led to calls for military drill and rifle training. At the same time, businesses heavily marketed cheap, mass-produced arms to young people by asserting that firearms could inculcate manly virtues. Businesses also attempted to redefine some weapons as acceptable consumer items. The use of weapons by young people led to a number of apprehended social ills, including accidental shootings, environmental destruction, and militarizing a generation of young people. However, legislative efforts to limit access to firearms were modest. In 1892 and 1913, the Canadian government placed limitations on to whom certain weapons could be sold, but the widespread assumption that certain kinds of arms were acceptable for most boys and youth meant that these measures frequently went unenforced.
Naturwaldreservate: welche, wo und wofür? (Essay)
Authors: Bollmann Kurt , Müller Jörg 
Published: June 2012

Natural forest reserves: selection criteria, where and what for? (Essay)
The question “How large should the total extent of strict natural forest reserves be?” dominates the current debate about the need of unmanaged forests for biodiversity conservation in Central Europe. However, within a system of close-to-nature forest management, the quality, location, composition and distribution of natural forest reserves might have higher impacts on the diversity of species, communities and natural processes than the reserves' extent alone. Strictly speaking, the correct answer about the minimal required surface is directly related to the superior conservation objectives. In addition, the required ratio of forest reserves in relation to the total forest area is influenced by other factors such as the abundance and distribution of forests pirmarily managed for conservation objective, protected forest biotopes and old-growth stands as well as the general standards for an integrative, close-to-nature silviculture. Since concrete, superior objectives for forest biodiversity conservation are still missing in Central Europe, we put the focus of this article on the criteria that influence the conservation-specific impact and quality of strict natural forest reserves. These are amongst others the extent and compactness of a reserve, its habitat continuity and connectivity, the representativeness of forest types, their species composition and biogeographic distribution, a reserve's site heterogeneity and naturalness of its vegetation as well as the abundance of key structures and target species.
Waldreservatspolitik der Schweiz: Zwischenbilanz und Perspektiven aus Sicht des Bundes (Essay)
Authors: Bolliger Markus , Imesch Nicole , Schnidrig Reinhard 
Published: June 2012

Forest reserve policy of Switzerland: stock-taking and prospects from the point of view of the Swiss Confederation (Essay)
This essay takes stock of the forest reserve policy of the Swiss Confederation and the Cantons, based on a historical perspective that follows the development of the ideas underlying the reserve concept. Today, forest reserves cover an area of 61,000 ha, 53,000 ha of which are actually covered by forest, which corresponds to 4.6% of the Swiss forest area. Thus, the aim of 10% of the forest area having reserve status by 2030 seems realistic. However, regional differences are quite large. Total area, density and the average size of the reserves vary considerably between the 14 economic regions of the Swiss National Forest Inventory. In most regions there is a lack of strict forest reserves of large size (&gt; 150 ha), in which the widespread typical forest formations can develop naturally. Thirty-three of 48 forest reserves larger than 150 ha are concentrated in the economic regions of the western Jura mountains, the eastern Pre-Alps region, the southwestern, southeastern and southern Alps. In the other regions, small reserves dominate – especially on the Swiss Plateau, where 80% of the reserves are smaller than 20 ha. Finally, based on this stock-taking and taking into account additional considerations, we formulate seven focal points of future activities. Considering the regionally very different overall status of forests, gaps in the forest reserve network shall be filled in a targeted manner. Thereby also new, unconventional solutions must be pursued, and especially on the Swiss Plateau and in the western Jura an extra effort must be made.
Totholzvolumen und -qualität in ausgewählten Schweizer Naturwaldreservaten
Authors: Herrmann Steffen , Conder Malgorzata , Brang Peter 
Published: June 2012

Deadwood volume and quality in selected swiss natural forest reserves
Deadwood is structurally and functionally important for forest ecosystems. To date, there are hardly any data on the amount of deadwood in Swiss natural forests which can serve as reference value for deadwood management in managed forests. In this study, deadwood volumes and qualities (sizes, broadleaf/conifer ratios, decomposition stages) from six natural forest reserves were analysed and compared with data from managed forests as well as from natural and virgin forests. An average of 69 m3/ha with a broadleaf proportion of 66% was calculated for the six reserves. Deadwood volume in relation to the total volume was 12% on average. Overall the volume of lying deadwood was double the volume of standing deadwood. The average proportion of large deadwood (diameter &gt;30 cm) was 48% and was higher in snags (52%) than in lying deadwood (46%). Advanced stages of decomposition made up 53% of the lying deadwood. The volumes, sizes and decomposition stages varied greatly within the reserves. In comparison, in the Swiss forests altogether, there is less deadwood (21.5 m3/ha, 5% of total volume), the deadwood is thinner (35% large deadwood proportion) and less decayed (proportion of advanced stages of decomposition 10%). However, deadwood volumes in the reserves are considerably lower than those in European natural beech forests and beech virgin forests. The investigated reserves are therefore, 40 to 92 years after the last silvicultural intervention, only at the beginning of the process of acquiring a virgin forest character.
Seed cone anatomy of Cheirolepidiaceae (Coniferales): Reinterpreting Pararaucaria patagonica Wieland
Authors: Escapa Ignacio H. , Rothwell Gar W. , Stockey Ruth A. , Cúneo N. Rubén 
Published: June 2012

• Premise of the study: Seed cone morphology and anatomy reflect some of the most important changes in the phylogeny and evolutionary biology of conifers. Reexamination of the enigmatic Jurassic seed cone Pararaucaria patagonica reveals previously unknown systematically informative characters that demonstrate affinities with the Cheirolepidiaceae. This paper documents, for the first time, internal anatomy for seed cones of this important extinct Mesozoic conifer family, which may represent the ghost lineage leading to modern Pinaceae.• Methods: Morphology and anatomy of cones from the Jurassic La Matilde Formation in Patagonia are described from a combination of polished wafers and thin section preparations. New photographic techniques are employed to reveal histological details of thin sections in which organic cell wall remains are not preserved. Specific terminology for conifer seed cones is proposed to help clarify hypotheses of homology for the various structures of the cones.• Key results: Specimens are demonstrated to have trilobed ovuliferous scale tips along with a seed enclosing pocket of ovuliferous scale tissue. Originally thought to represent a seed wing in P. patagonica, this pocket‐forming tissue is comparable to the flap of tissue covering seeds of compressed cheirolepidiaceous cones and is probably the most diagnostic character for seed cones of the family.• Conclusions: Pararaucaria patagonica is assigned to Cheirolepidiaceae, documenting anatomical features for seed cones of the family and providing evidence for the antiquity of pinoid conifers leading to the origin of Pinaceae. A list of key morphological and anatomical characters for seed cones of Cheirolepidiaceae is developed to facilitate assignment of a much broader range of fossil remains to the family. This confirms the presence of Cheirolepidiaceae in the Jurassic of the Southern Hemisphere, which was previously suspected from palynological records.
Vers des organisations réflexives : pour un autre management
Authors: Herreros Gilles 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Le mal-être dans les organisations contemporaines n’est pas qu’un phénomène structurel, historique ou systémique. Ainsi, on ne peut faire disparaître l’origine du pâtir ressenti par nombre de salariés en invoquant le travail invisible des « êtres sans corps » que sont les institutions. La violence qui est perpétrée dans le monde du travail a toujours un visage. Si chacun peut être le relais de celle-ci, le collègue de bureau, le chef, vous et moi..., les managers et autres cadres (tous niveaux confondus) ont une responsabilité toute particulière. Ils constituent les rouages essentiels par lesquels se diffuse, sur un mode ordinaire, une violence qui, parce que les pratiques professionnelles ne sont pas interrogées, se perpétue en toute tranquillité. Ainsi c’est avec la meilleure des bonnes consciences que des cadres peuvent « lyncher » un de leurs subordonnés. Pour en finir avec des pratiques violentes « innocentes » et cheminer vers des organisations réflexives, la posture clinico-critique, le travail de la négativité et le souci de la mise en intranquillité sont présentés comme des compétences qui devraient être mobilisées par les cadres et managers.
Le management hors du sujet
Authors: Thévenet Maurice 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Parmi les différentes acceptions du « management hors-sujet », cet article défend l’idée que le management devrait prendre ses distances d’un sujet dont sa mission l’oblige à influencer les comportements. Même si tout pousse à mettre le sujet au centre de l’action managériale, il existe de sérieuses impasses à cette approche. Prendre ses distances vis-à-vis du sujet reviendrait à donner une place plus importante aux autres, au temps et à d’autres approches de la vie sociale qui en révèlent plus de nuances et de subtilité.
L'expérience brésilienne du Système unique de santé (sus) : gestion et subjectivité dans un contexte néolibéral
Authors: Leite Ferreira Neto João , Garcia de Araújo José Newton 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Cet article discute l’implantation du Système unique de santé ( sus ) brésilien, conçu dans le cadre d’une gestion démocratique et participative, ainsi que de l’indissociabilité entre gestion et production de subjectivités actives et solidaires. Ce modèle s’oppose à l’hégémonie de la gestion néolibérale, qui cherche également à produire des subjectivités selon les paramètres du marché. Le texte analyse, en s’étayant sur des auteurs qui discutent le néolibéralisme comme étant le « gouvernement des hommes », les impasses et les avances dans la gestion du sus . Et il souligne l’importance, aux niveaux macro et micropolitiques, des luttes en faveur de ce nouveau modèle de politique publique dans le domaine de la santé.
Under new management
Authors: Gabriel Yiannis 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Dans le discours managérial, depuis les tout premiers travaux de Taylor et Weber, le sujet a été envisagé comme une ressource à déployer, mesurer et contrôler. Une modernité plus récente a cependant accouché d’une approche sensiblement différente du sujet : un sujet émotionnel en quête de sens et d’identité. Cette nouvelle conception trouve son origine dans l’intérêt croissant porté au consumérisme, au libre choix, au service client et dans le passage d’une économie industrielle à une société de services dans laquelle l’émotion est devenue un aspect fondamental du travail. Dans la société de consommation, chaque choix est façonné par les choix des consommateurs, et chaque choix, aussi insignifiant soit-il, devient un choix existentiel et identitaire. L’auteur avance que l’idée du libre choix est aujourd’hui une des illusions dominantes du Sujet, une illusion au nom de laquelle il serait prêt à endurer un haut degré d’insécurité et de frustration. En conclusion, l’article suggère qu’un nouveau mécanisme de défense psychosociale – celui du singularisme – prend le pas sur des mécanismes de défense plus traditionnels. Alors que les mécanismes de défense précédents, enracinés dans la dynamique œdipienne, sacrifiaient la liberté pour la sécurité et trouvaient consolation dans la routine bureaucratique, cette nouvelle configuration défensive accepte l’incertitude et l’imprévisibilité, mais se dote d’un voile imaginaire censé protéger le Sujet des coups de griffe du destin.
Entretien avec Vincent de Gaulejac : Le sujet au cœur des paradoxes du management
Authors: Arnaud Gilles , Bouilloud Jean-Philippe 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Cet entretien pose la question de ce que signifie « être sujet ». Être sujet, ce n’est pas seulement prendre conscience de son assujettissement, c’est aussi effectuer un vrai « travail » sur soi. Or l’entreprise et le management moderne (mais aussi des organisations publiques comme l’université) demandent au sujet d’incorporer des contraintes paradoxales, ce qui se traduit par l’émergence de personnalités clivées entre leur aspiration à « être sujet » et les paradoxes de l’entreprise. L’avenir peut être celui d’une « création destructrice », où les forces destructrices (financières, écologiques, risques psychosociaux...) feraient exploser les sociétés contemporaines, ou celui plus optimiste d’une résolution des problèmes par des ajustements successifs. Sans être uniquement coupables ou victimes, nous avons tous en nous-mêmes une part de responsabilité dans cette société, où il s’agit de trouver dans nos pratiques et nos théories les conditions d’une nouvelle dignité.
La philosophie du sujet dans l'organisation : les apports du care
Authors: Pesqueux Yvon 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Après avoir positionné la validité de la référence au regard de l’actualité de la relation de service et de ce qu’elle implique quant à une philosophie du sujet, les notions associées (assistance, attention, sollicitude et vulnérabilité) seront brièvement présentées avant de mettre en perspective les apports de la philosophie du care, dans la mesure où « porter attention à » est inhérent à la relation de service puisqu’il s’agit à la fois de prendre soin ( to take care ), d’un processus (le caring ) et d’une conduite, la conduite prudente compte tenu des obstacles et des limites auxquels il faut porter attention (le careful ).
Tumor-Associated Microglia/Macrophages Enhance the Invasion of Glioma Stem-like Cells via TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ye Xian-zong , Xu Sen-lin , Xin Yan-hong , Yu Shi-cang , Ping Yi-fang , Chen Lu , Xiao Hua-liang , Wang Bin , Yi Liang , Wang Qing-liang , Jiang Xue-feng , Yang Lang , Zhang Peng , Qian Cheng , Cui You-hong , Zhang Xia , Bian Xiu-wu 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe invasion of malignant glioma cells into the surrounding normal brain tissues is crucial for causing the poor outcome of this tumor type. Recent studies suggest that glioma stem-like cells (GSLCs) mediate tumor invasion. However, it is not clear whether microenvironment factors, such as tumor-associated microglia/macrophages (TAM/Ms), also play important roles in promoting GSLC invasion. In this study, we found that in primary human gliomas and orthotopical transplanted syngeneic glioma, the number of TAM/Ms at the invasive front was correlated with the presence of CD133+ GSLCs, and these TAM/Ms produced high levels of TGF-β1. CD133+ GSLCs isolated from murine transplanted gliomas exhibited higher invasive potential after being cocultured with TAM/Ms, and the invasiveness was inhibited by neutralization of TGF-β1. We also found that human glioma-derived CD133+ GSLCs became more invasive upon treatment with TGF-β1. In addition, compared with CD133− committed tumor cells, CD133+ GSLCs expressed higher levels of type II TGF-β receptor (TGFBR2) mRNA and protein, and downregulation of TGFBR2 with short hairpin RNA inhibited the invasiveness of GSLCs. Mechanism studies revealed that TGF-β1 released by TAM/Ms promoted the expression of MMP-9 by GSLCs, and TGFBR2 knockdown reduced the invasiveness of these cells in vivo. These results demonstrate that TAM/Ms enhance the invasiveness of CD133+ GSLCs via the release of TGF-β1, which increases the production of MMP-9 by GSLCs. Therefore, the TGF-β1 signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for limiting the invasiveness of GSLCs.
Crystal Structure of Human RANKL Complexed with Its Decoy Receptor Osteoprotegerin
Authors: Luan Xudong , Lu Qingyu , Jiang Yinan , Zhang Senyan , Wang Qing , Yuan Huihui , Zhao Wenming , Wang Jiawei , Wang Xinquan 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), its signaling receptor RANK, and its decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) constitute a molecular triad that is critical in regulating bone remodeling, and also plays multiple roles in the immune system. OPG binds RANKL directly to block its interaction with RANK. In this article, we report the 2.7-Å crystal structure of human RANKL trimer in complex with the N-terminal fragment of human OPG containing four cysteine-rich TNFR homologous domains (OPG-CRD). The structure shows that RANKL trimer uses three equivalent grooves between two neighboring monomers to interact with three OPG-CRD monomers symmetrically. A loop from the CRD3 domain of OPG-CRD inserts into the shallow groove of RANKL, providing the major binding determinant that is further confirmed by affinity measurement and osteoclast differentiation assay. These results, together with a previously reported mouse RANKL/RANK complex structure, reveal that OPG exerts its decoy receptor function by directly blocking the accessibilities of important interacting residues of RANKL for RANK recognition. Structural comparison with TRAIL/death receptor 5 complex also reveals structural basis for the cross-reactivity of OPG to TRAIL.