bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A feeder-free culture using autogeneic conditioned medium for undifferentiated growth of human embryonic stem cells: Comparative expression profiles of mRNAs, microRNAs and proteins among different feeders and conditioned media
Authors: Tsai Zong-Yun , Singh Sher , Yu Sung-Liang , Chou Chi-Hsien , Li Steven Shoei-Lung 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundHuman embryonic stem (hES) cell lines were derived from the inner cell mass of human blastocysts, and were cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder to maintain undifferentiated growth, extensive renewal capacity, and pluripotency. The hES-T3 cell line with normal female karyotype was previously used to differentiate into autogeneic fibroblast-like cells (T3HDF) as feeder to support the undifferentiated growth of hES-T3 cells (T3/HDF) for 14 passages.ResultsA feeder-free culture on Matrigel in hES medium conditioned by the autogeneic feeder cells (T3HDF) was established to maintain the undifferentiated growth of hES-T3 cells (T3/CMHDF) for 8 passages in this investigation. The gene expression profiles of mRNAs, microRNAs and proteins between the undifferentiated T3/HDF and T3/CMHDF cells were shown to be very similar, and their expression profiles were also found to be similar to those of T3/MEF and T3/CMMEF cells grown on MEF feeder and feeder-free Matrigel in MEF-conditioned medium, respectively. The undifferentiated state of T3/HDF and T3/CMHDF as well as T3/MEF andT3/CMMEF cells was evidenced by the very high expression levels of "stemness" genes and low expression levels of differentiation markers of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm in addition to the strong staining of OCT4 and NANOG.ConclusionThe T3HDF feeder and T3HDF-conditioned medium were able to support the undifferentiated growth of hES cells, and they would be useful for drug development and toxicity testing in addition to the reduced risks of xenogeneic pathogens when used for medical applications such as cell therapies.
A randomized two arm phase III study in patients post radical resection of liver metastases of colorectal cancer to investigate bevacizumab in combination with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CAPOX) vs CAPOX alone as adjuvant treatment
Authors: Snoeren Nikol , Voest Emile E , Bergman Andre M , Dalesio Otilia , Verheul Henk M , Tollenaar Rob AEM , van der Sijp Joost RM , Schouten Sander B , Rinkes Inne HM Borel , van Hillegersberg R 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
About 50% of patients with colorectal cancer are destined to develop hepatic metastases. Radical resection is the most effective treatment for patients with colorectal liver metastases offering five year survival rates between 36-60%. Unfortunately only 20% of patients are resectable at time of presentation. Radiofrequency ablation is an alternative treatment option for irresectable colorectal liver metastases with reported 5 year survival rates of 18-30%. Most patients will develop local or distant recurrences after surgery, possibly due to the outgrowth of micrometastases present at the time of liver surgery. This study aims to achieve an improved disease free survival for patients after resection or resection combined with RFA of colorectal liver metastases by adding the angiogenesis inhibitor bevacizumab to an adjuvant regimen of CAPOX.

Methods/design
The Hepatica study is a two-arm, multicenter, randomized, comparative efficacy and safety study. Patients are assessed no more than 8 weeks before surgery with CEA measurement and CT scanning of the chest and abdomen. Patients will be randomized after resection or resection combined with RFA to receive CAPOX and Bevacizumab or CAPOX alone. Adjuvant treatment will be initiated between 4 and 8 weeks after metastasectomy or resection in combination with RFA. In both arms patients will be assessed for recurrence/new occurrence of colorectal cancer by chest CT, abdominal CT and CEA measurement. Patients will be assessed after surgery but before randomization, thereafter every three months after surgery in the first two years and every 6 months until 5 years after surgery. In case of a confirmed recurrence/appearance of new colorectal cancer, patients can be treated with surgery or any subsequent line of chemotherapy and will be followed for survival until the end of study follow up period as well. The primary endpoint is disease free survival. Secondary endpoints are overall survival, safety and quality of life.

Conclusion
The HEPATICA study is designed to demonstrate a disease free survival benefit by adding bevacizumab to an adjuvant regime of CAPOX in patients with colorectal liver metastases undergoing a radical resection or resection in combination with RFA.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00394992
Study of house-level risk factors associated in the transmission of Indian Kala-azar
Authors: Kesari Shreekant , Bhunia Gouri Sankar , Kumar Vijay , Jeyaram Algarswamy , Ranjan Alok , Das Pradeep 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
In visceral leishmaniasis (VL), phlebotomine vectors are the main target to reduce for control measures. An attempt has been taken to delineate the association between Phlebotomous argentipes and housing characteristics between two districts e.g. endemic and non-endemic.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 240 households for both the endemic (Vaishali district) and non-endemic (Lohardaga district) site. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors related to housing characteristics influencing suitable habitats for P. argentipes. Vector density estimated using a CDC light trap.

Results
The proportion of P. argentipes in both endemic and non-endemic areas was significantly much higher (P < 0.001) when compared with the proportion of Sergentomiya and P. papatasi. The results of multilevel logistic regression analysis showed that mud plastered wall (P value = 0.001), mixed dwelling (P value = 0.002) and area (P value = 0.001) were strongly associated with the presence of vectors.

Conclusion
Result of the studied household characteristics provides an accurate, rapid assessment of house-level variation in risk. The results also have implications for maximizing surveillance efficacy of sandflies, which is likely to become increasingly important while formulating any control strategy.
Terahertz Emission from Vertically-aligned Silicon Nanowires
Authors: Cho Yong Jae , Jung Gyeong Bok , Myung Yoon , Kim Han Sung , Seo Young Suk , Park Jeunghee 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLarge-area vertically aligned silicon nanowire (Si NW) arrays were synthesized with a controlled length (0.3 ˜ 9 μm) by the chemical etching of n-type silicon substrates. Upon their excitation using a fs Ti-sapphire laser pulse (800 nm), their THz emission intensity exhibits strong dependence on their length; the intensity increases sharply up to a length of 3 μm and then decreases slightly, due to the complete absorption of the optical pump power. The Raman scattering spectrum exhibits the same behavior as that of the THz emission. We suggest that the field enhancement by localized surface plasmons induces more efficient THz emission or Raman scattering for the longer Si NWs. The photocurrent measured in a photoelectrochemical cell showed consistently the length dependence with a maximum value at the length of 5 μm.
Analysis of Charge Transport and Recombination Studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells With Atomic Layer Deposited Metal Oxide Treatment on TiO2 Surface
Authors: Bills Braden , Shanmugam Mariyappan , Farrokh Baroughi Mahdi , Galipeau David 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is limited by the back-reaction of photogenerated electrons from the porous titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles back into the electrolyte solution, which occurs almost exclusively through the interface. This and the fact that DSSCs have a very large interfacial area makes their performance greatly dependant on the density and activity of TiO2 surface states. Thus, effectively engineering the TiO2/dye/electrolyte interface to reduce carrier losses is critically important for improving the photovoltaic performance of the solar cell. Atomic layer deposition (ALD), which uses high purity gas precursors that can rapidly diffuse through the porous network, was used to grow a conformal and controllable aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and hafnium oxide (HfO2) ultra thin layer on the TiO2 surface. The effects of this interfacial treatment on the DSSC performance was studied with dark and illuminated current-voltage and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements.
Photoconductivity Measurements of Organic Polymer/Nanostructure Blends
Authors: Black David , Paul Shashi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn an attempt to produce low cost and high quality polymer/nanoparticle blends for use in hybrid organic/inorganic photovoltaic devices we prepared blends of dihexylsexithiophene and tetragonal barium titanate particles. These polymer nanoparticle blends were deposited as films by spin coating and sublimation. The films were characterised and compared using a wide range of techniques; The electrical photoconductivity analysis of these structures carried out using an HP4140B picoammeter and a solar simulator after aluminium gap cell electrodes had been deposited on the films by sublimation, spectroscopic studies (FTIR and UV-VIS) were carried out to understand the photoconductivity measurements and ellipsometry was used to determine the thickness of the films. The photoconductivity of the spin coated films was the highest reaching 8.5x 10-10A at 20 V, the sublimed films reached ~4 x 10-10A at 40V. This is thought to be due to the thinness of the sublimed films combined with the inhomogeneous distribution of nanoparticles compared with the spin coated film. Sublimed films have been shown by others to be better structured than spin coated films, if this property can be utilized with further optimization of the sublimation process then this technique offers the potential to produce very thin high quality films for use in organic and hybrid photovoltaic devices.
Impacts of ZnO/TiO2 Assorted Electrode on Photoelectric Characteristics of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Xu , Yin Haiyou , Wang Bao , Liu Lifeng , Wang Yi , Kang Jinfeng 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA novel ZnO/TiO2 assorted photoelectrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is proposed. The impacts of the ZnO/TiO2 assorted photoelectrode on the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were investigated. The measurements of the light transmission spectra showed the higher transmittance through ZnO/FTO than through FTO during the effective wavelength region of 536nm˜800nm for DSSCs, indicating that ZnO/TiO2 assorted photoelectrode is beneficial for the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs. The measurements on the photovoltaic characteristics of the DSSC cell indicate that the inserted ZnO layer can cause the increased open circuit voltage (Voc) more than 70 mV and fill factor (FF) but the decreased short circuit current. The enhanced Voc and FF could be attributed to the suppressed the recombination of photon-generated carriers between the ZnO/TiO2 assorted photoelectrode and electrolyte (dye) compared to TiO2 photoelectrode. However, the additional series resistance of inserted ZnO layer causes the reduced short circuit current. The optimized conversion efficiency can be achieved in the DSSC with ZnO/TiO2 assorted photoelectrode by using low series resistance of ZnO layer.
Using Bulk Heterojunction Field Effect Measurements to Understand Charge Transport in Solar Cell Materials
Authors: Lombardo Christopher , Dodabalapur Ananth 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAmbipolar organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have been used to study the transport of charge carriers in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic devices. Active layers of phase separated blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), have been chosen due to their use in performance BHJ organic photovoltaic devices as well as ease of device fabrication. A method for determining recombination rate after exciton dissociation and measurement of excess carrier lifetime has been reported by studying drain current behavior which yields carrier mobility, conductivity, and carrier concentration both in dark and AM1.5g illumination. Channel-length dependent measurements of the photocurrent show that significant recombination of separated charge carriers begins to occur at lengths greater than 10 μm. A recombination rate of cm-3 s-1 and a carrier lifetime of ≥ 8.8 ms has been calculated.
Interfacial Dynamics of Perylene Derivatives Attached to Metal Oxide Particle and Nanorod Films
Authors: Eichberger Rainer , Schütz Robert , Neubauer Antje , Hannappel Thomas , Bartelt Andreas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPhoto-induced electron transfer and recombination was investigated for prototype molecular absorbers covalently bound to metal-oxide films. Two perylene derivatives with different anchor/bridge groups, a propionic and an acrylic acid, were adsorbed on both bare ZnO nanorods and TiO2 coated nanorods and the dynamics of the systems compared.
Controlled Stepwise Growth of Siloxane Chains Using Bivalent Building Units With Different Functionalities
Authors: Salingue Nils , Lingenfelser Dominic , Prunici Pavel , Peter Hess 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOrganic/inorganic hybrids of silicon and their subsequent chemical modification are of interest for tailoring and structuring surfaces on the nanoscale. The formation of monolayers on hydroxylated silicon surfaces was employed to synthesize molecular dimethylsiloxane chains by wet-chemical condensation reactions, using dimethylmonochlorosilane as the precursor. The SiH group of the resulting dimethylsilyl termination could be selectively oxidized to the SiOH group, which opened the possibility of bonding another species. By repeating the condensation and oxidation cycle the stepwise growth of one-dimensional dimethylsiloxane chains was achieved. The ongoing chain growth was characterized by attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and determination of the surface energy by contact-angle experiments.
Uterine rupture: a revisit
Authors: Manoharan Madhavi , Wuntakal Rekha , Erskine Katrina 
Published: October 2010

Key content

Uterine rupture is an uncommon complication of pregnancy associated with potentially catastrophic consequences for both mother and baby.
Previous uterine surgery is the most common underlying cause; however, multiparous women without uterine scarring are also at risk if labour becomes obstructed.
A review of CEMACH reports has shown a consistent decrease in maternal mortality secondary to uterine rupture despite increasing caesarean section rates.
The risk of uterine rupture during attempted vaginal birth after caesarean section is widely recognised; however, there needs to be greater awareness of this emergency occurring in multiparous women undergoing induction/augmentation of labour.

Learning objectives

To define uterine rupture.
To examine the causes and risk factors for antepartum and intrapartum uterine rupture.
To review the signs and symptoms.
To revise the management of uterine rupture.
To increase awareness of this very serious complication and to suggest how clinicians can make a case‐based individual assessment of uterine rupture risk.

Ethical issues

Are those women at risk of uterine rupture adequately counselled about the possibility and potential consequences?

Please cite this article as: Manoharan M, Wuntakal R, Erskine K. Uterine rupture: a revisit The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:223–230.
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Authors: Rymer Janice , Wylie Kevan , Barnes Tricia , Mander Anthony , Buckler Helen , Dean John 
Published: October 2010

Key content

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is the persistent or recurrent deficiency and/or absence of sexual thought/fantasies and/or receptivity to sexual activity, which causes distress or interpersonal difficulties.
Sexual desire is a complex issue involving physical drive and motivation; the latter is influenced by previous experiences and the quality and duration of the relationship.
HSDD frequently occurs in women who have had oophorectomy because a significant source of their testosterone has been removed. They may respond to androgen replacement therapy.

Learning objectives

To raise awareness of the effect that oophorectomy can have on sexual function.
To acknowledge that sexual function is complex and involves biological, psychological, relationship and socio‐cultural factors.

Ethical issues

Should clinicians raise the subject of sexual problems more routinely?
Is the treatment of sexual dysfunction an appropriate use of health service resources?
Can the pharmacological treatment of HSDD lead to the medicalisation of female sexuality?

Please cite this article as: Rymer J, Wylie K, Barnes T, Mander A, Buckler H, Dean J. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:237–243.
Management of large‐for‐gestational‐age pregnancy in non‐diabetic women
Authors: Aye San San , Miller Veronica , Saxena Saloni , Farhan Dr Mohamad 
Published: October 2010

Key content

Over the last two to three decades there has been a 15–25% increase in many countries in the number of women giving birth to large infants.
Rates of shoulder dystocia and caesarean birth rise substantially at 4000 g and again at 4500 g.
There is an increase in maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with fetal macrosomia.
Serial measurement of fundal height adjusted for maternal physiological variables substantially improves antenatal detection.
Sonographic assessment of fetal weight is frequently inaccurate.
Induction of labour for suspected macrosomia in non‐diabetic women has not been shown to reduce the risk of caesarean section, instrumental delivery or perinatal morbidity.

Learning objectives

To identify the risks associated with fetal macrosomia and to be aware of the long‐term implications.
To understand the limitations of predictive tools.
To be able to take an informed approach to managing the macrosomic fetus.

Ethical issues

To what extent should the fear of medico‐legal action influence obstetricians' management of suspected fetal macrosomia?
What advice should clinicians give women regarding modes of delivery?

Please cite this article as: Aye SS, Miller V, Saxena S, Farhan M. Management of large‐for‐gestational‐age pregnancy in non‐diabetic women. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:250–256.
Instrumental delivery: how to meet the need for improvements in training
Authors: Sinha Prabha , Dutta Anita , Langford Kate 
Published: October 2010

Key content

Rates of second‐stage caesarean section are increasing, while rates of successful instrumental delivery are decreasing.
Recent attempts at reducing caesarean section rates have highlighted a need for further training in instrumental delivery.
A reduction in training hours, lack of senior supervision and fear of litigation have made it difficult to achieve the level of experience required for proficiency.

Learning objectives

To learn how to conduct an instrumental vaginal delivery safely.
To prevent excessive morbidity by identifying maternal and fetal factors associated with failed instrumental vaginal delivery.
To maximise expertise by training on simulators and mannequins prior to clinical application.

Ethical issues

Does training on models and simulators provide a safe level of expertise and competence?
Is 24‐hour consultant cover on the labour ward a practical solution to improving the use of this technique in practice?

Please cite this article as: Sinha P, Dutta A, Langford K. Instrumental delivery: how to meet the need for improvements in training. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:265–271.
67.2: Compensation Methods for Local‐Dimming Backlights with RGB‐LED
Authors: Murai Takayuki , Fujiwara Kohji , Masuda Takeshi , Ajichi Yuhsaku , Yamamoto Tomohiko 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn LED backlight system with high optical independence inside a segmented block, using individually controllable RGB‐LED as light source, we can obtain the advantage of wider color gamut, lower power consumption, and wider range of LCD expression than using white‐LED. On the other hand, there are problems of influence on luminance uniformity and chromaticity uniformity caused by the device‐to‐device variations, temperature property, and age‐related deterioration in the use of RGB‐LED. Additionally, power loss and heat generation which depend on temperature property of LED forward voltage (Vf) are problems. Therefore, it is difficult to develop the LED backlight that shines uniformly with good power efficiency. To solve those problems, we develop and evaluate compensation methods such as Optical unevenness correction, Thermal feedback control, Photo‐feedback control, and LED‐applied voltage control.
68.4: Optimal Additive Mixing Approach via Multi‐Color LEDs Platform
Authors: Chien Ming‐Chin , Chen Hsiao‐Ju , Tung Yu‐Lung , Tien Chung‐Hao 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOn the basis of additive mixing approach via multi‐color LEDs, we demonstrated a universal platform to synthesize the spectral power distribution in accordance with possibly highest color rendering performance and luminous efficacy of radiation under a designated correlated color temperature. The platform associated with the optimization algorithm and LED matrix setup allows the use of a feedback mechanism to validate the feasibility of the proposed scheme for the general lighting applications.
70.3: Ink Jet Printing for Selective Conductor Processes for Displays and Flexible Circuits
Authors: Ramakrishnan Ram , Saran Neerja , Petcavich Robert 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe have developed a selective process for printing a metal catalyst doped ink and electroless plating a conductor on patterned flat surfaces as well as microlens embossed polymer films. The process involves control of surface energy of the films and patterns so as to channel the ink and the conductor between the patterned structures leaving the remaining areas unaffected and transparent. This is a low temperature process and very compatible with flexible substrates and R2R processing.
70.4: Single‐Pass Printing of Picoliter Droplets for Flexible‐Display Applications
Authors: Sumerel Jan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPiezoelectric drop‐on‐demand inkjet printing is a solution manufacturing process that uses several advanced technologies together to provide a production tool that may be critical to manufacturing flexible displays, and is quickly becoming the non‐ contact method of choice. This paper will present the parameters of two inkjet deposition systems that are capable of printing a wide range of functional fluids.
76.1: High Aperture Ratio LCD Display using In‐Ga‐Zn‐Oxide TFTs without Storage Capacitor
Authors: Shishido Hideaki , Toyotaka Kouhei , Tsubuku Masashi , Noda Kousei , Ohara Hiroki , Nishi Takeshi , Moriya Koji , Godo Hiromichi , Koyama Jun , Yamazaki Shunpei , Oikawa Yoshiaki , Handa Takuya , Sakakura Masayuki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBy using oxide semiconductors, we succeeded in prototyping a 3.4‐inch QHD LCD panel whose aperture ratio is high and pixels do not include a storage capacitor. The aperture ratio is increased from 40 % to 59%, resulting in reduction of power consumption in a backlight unit.