bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TESTS OF REINFORCED BRICK COLUMNS*
Authors: Lyse Inge 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the data obtained in an extensive investigation on reinforced brick columns. The results furnished a basis for the development of rational design formulas. The strengths of the columns were found to be made up of the effective strength of the masonry plus the yield‐point strength of the longitudinal reinforcement. A study of the type of masonry mortars revealed the fact that Portland cement mortar containing 15% ordinary brick clay by weight of the cement gave better results than did any of the other types used.A review of all known‐experiments on brick piers and columns is given.
SELECTION OF CLAYS FOR SAGGERS OF PREDETERMINED RESISTANCE TO THERMAL SHOCK AND PREDICTION OF SAGGER LIFE IN SERVICE*
Authors: Heindl R. A. , Mong L. E. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTA series of twelve sagger bodies having a wide range in properties was prepared from fourteen different clays and grog made, in most instances, from the same clays. Experimental saggers heated to different temperatures were tested for resistance to thermal shock and the values compared with predetermined values assigned to each of the bodies. A chart was prepared which shows the relation between modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, linear thermal expansion, and resistance of saggers to thermal shock.
REFRACTORY PROBLEMS IN PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN BY PYROLYSIS OF NATURAL GAS*
Authors: Wright R. E. , Wolff H. I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe severe attack of the refractory checkerwork in a regenerative furnace was encountered at temperatures over 2500°F. Pilot‐plant tests, supplemented by a laboratory investigation, were made of silicate refractories varying in alumina content from 0 to 70%.These tests indicate that the attack was primarily caused by the reduction, to a volatile form, of free and combined silica by carbon. This left a granular residue of mullite and/ or corundum, depending on the original alumina content. Secondary reactions occurred, the most notable of which was the recombination of the corundum with locally deposited silica to form secondary mullite.The laboratory test showed that carbon reacted with mullite at a temperature as low as 2470°F. A petrographic study has shown that the decomposition of the refractory material takes place in well‐defined stages from the initial removal of free silica to the breakdown of mullite. The rate of decomposition increases with temperature.
METHOD OF CORRELATING CHEMICAL COMPOSITION RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF GLASSY BOND AND PROPERTÍES OF CERAMIC BODIES*
Authors: Shelton Georgb Reed 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA method is given for correlating the chemical composition, relative amounts of glassy bond, and properties of fired ceramic bodies. The procedure consists of (1) plotting the compositions expressed in simplified terms on a reference diagram and (2) plotting data on the physical properties vertically from the plane of the reference diagram. Because the reference diagram contains the appropriate equilibrium diagram, the quantities of liquid and crystalline phases calculated for preparations of pure raw materials heated to equilibrium at a given temperature are useful (1) in estimating the relative quantities of glassy bond in fired bodies and (2) in differentiating fired bodies with respect to phase constituents. Data on fired whiteware are used to illustrate the relation of composition to the following properties: porosity, shrinkage, dielectric strength, and specific gravity.
The Serological Recognition of the Human MLC Determinants using a Modified Cytotoxicity Technique
Authors: ROOD J. J. VAN , LEEUWEN A. VAN , KEUNING J. J. , BLUSSE VAN OUD ALBLAS A. 
Published: July 2010

A new approach which presumably recognizes MLC determinants (or at least structures closely linked to MLC and different from the FOUR, A J and LA series determinants) by serology is described.As the test can be performed within 10 h it could be used to match cadaveric kidney donors for these MLC determinants. Perhaps even more important is the fact that the antibodies detected by this technique could be used to study the immunochemistry of a class of determinants differing from the well known SD determinants.
A New HLA‐B Antigen (HOK‐1) Found in the Japanese
Authors: Nakai Y. , Kano T. , Asanuma T. , Moriuchi J. , Wakisaka A. , Aizawa M. , Itakura K. 
Published: July 2010

The HLA—B8 antigen is one of the characteristic antigens associated with organ specific autoimmune diseases among Caucasians. Among the Japanese, HLA—B8 positives have been assumed to be extremely rare. By using some HLA‐B8 typing sera, a new HLA‐B antigen, HLA‐Bw4 positive, was found in the Japanese. This new HLA‐B antigen, tentatively called HOK‐1, showed a phenotype frequency of 3.7% and a gene frequency of 1.9 ± 0.6%.This antigen has a strong linkage disequilibrium with HLA‐Cw1 among the Japanese.
Genetic polymorphism of complement C4 in the dog
Authors: KAY P. H. , DAWKINS R. L. 
Published: July 2010

Plasma samples from 129 dogs have been typed using an immunofixation technique to define the polymorphism of canine C4. The mode of inheritance was inferred by study of four large pedigrees. In contrast to the situation in man, canine C4 may be encoded by a single locus. At least five different co‐dominant structural alleles have been detected. A deficiency allele has not been found as yet.Because there are associations between C4 allotypes and spontaneous autoimmune disease in man, the well defined polymorphism of canine C4 may provide an excellent model for understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of autoimmune disease.
Increased frequency of HLA‐A1 and ‐B8 in association with total lack, but not with deficiency of serum IgA
Authors: HEIKKILÄ MARJATTA , KOISTINEN JUKKA , LOHMAN MARTINA , KOSKIMIES SAIJA 
Published: July 2010

HLA‐A, B, C typing was performed on 37 unrelated healthy blood donors with selective deficiency (<0.05 g/l) or total lack (<0.00002 g/l) of serum IgA. A significant increase in HLA‐B8 and A1 antigen frequency was found in the 15 individuals with lack of serum IgA. This was not observed among those 22, who had only deficiency of serum IgA (0.00002–0.05 g/l). The HLA antigen frequencies were compared to those of 900 randomly selected healthy blood donors.Increased frequency of HLA‐A1 and B8 in association with total lack of serum IgA, but not with deficiency has not been demonstrated before. On the basis of this result it seems conceivable that lack of serum IgA may be caused by a different, perhaps genetically determined, mechanism that IgA deficiency.
Microplate enzyme immuno‐assay for detection of platelet antibodies
Authors: Taaning Ellen 
Published: July 2010

A simplified and sensitive enzyme immuno‐assay employing microtiter plates as the solid phase carrier for detection of circulating platelet antibodies and bound antiplatelet IgG has been described.The assay was done using fresh as well as frozen platelets and commercially available peroxidase labeled anti‐human IgG.The sensitivity of the enzyme immuno‐assay was found similar or superior to that of the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test and superior to the lymphocyte cytotoxicity test and the platelet complement fixation test.The use of platelets frozen in the wells of the microtiter plates (stored for up to 17 months at —20°C without loss of antigenicity) facilitates the performance of the test.In addition the small volumes of sera and platelets needed in using microtiter plates makes the assay particularly suitable in testing platelets from thrombocytopenic patients.In one of 31 sera from normal Zwa‐negative donors a weak anti‐Zwa (PIA1) was found only detectable by enzyme immuno‐assay.Alloantibodies were found in 14 of 23 patients suffering from non‐haemolytic transfusion reactions.All of three patients with post‐transfusion purpura had anti‐Zwa antibodies in serum.Anti‐Zwa antibodies were demonstrated in the sera from all of 9 Zwa‐negative mothers, who had given birth to children with alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia.In 8 of 12 Zwa‐positive mothers alloantibodies of other specificities were found in the serum. In one case the antibody was a known anti‐Baka.Six of 7 patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura had values of platelet‐bound IgG exceeding the normal range and circulating platelet antibodies were seen in 4 patients.
Syngeneic sensitization of mouse lymphocytes on monolayers of thyroid epithelial cells (TEC). VIII: γ interferon induced Ia antigen expression on TEC cultures
Authors: Salamero Jean , Michel‐Bechet Marc , Wietzerbin Jeanne , Charreire Jeannine 
Published: July 2010

We previously reported that the expression of Ia antigens on cultured monolayers of murine thyroid epithelial cells (TEC) occurred with a particular distribution exclusively on the basal part of the cultured thyroid cells, while class I antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and thyroglobulin (Tg) are only detected on the apical surface. It appears that, 24 to 48 h after the deposition of syngeneic lymphocytes, Ia antigens are expressed on the apical side of cultured TEC, i.e. the surface that bears Tg and is in direct contact with the responder lymphocytes during syngeneic sensitization of T lymphocytes. We hypothesized that this phenomenon could represent, in syngeneic situations, the restriction process in antigen recognition by T cells, as demonstrated by I‐A restricted primary syngeneic sensitization (PSS) on murine TEC.Moreover, we found that the addition of either PSS supernatants or γ interferon (γ IFN) to monolayers of TEC induced the expression of Ia antigens on the apical cell surface of these TEC cultures 24 to 48 h later.Taken together our data demonstrate that during the first hours of PSS, class II antigen and Tg are expressed on murine TEC cultures. This simultaneous expression of these antigens explains the strict in vitro I‐A restricted PSS we previously observed.
Immunogenetics of rheumatoid arthritis in Israel
Authors: Brautbar C. , Naparstek Y. , Yaron M. , Amar A. , Ehrenfeld M. , Eliakim M. , Bentwich Z. , Cohen T. , Korman S. H. , Albert E. D. 
Published: July 2010

In an attempt to study the variation of associations between HLA and rheumatoid disease a population of 44 Ashkenazi and 29 non‐Ashkenazi patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis were tested for HLA‐A, B, C and DR antigens and compared with the relevant control groups.In contrast to the results obtained in Middle European or North American Caucasians, Rheumatoid Arthritis in Israel is not associated with B15 and Cw3, indicating that it is very unlikely that B‐ and C‐locus antigens are involved in coding for disease susceptibility for RA.The allele DR4 which is found associated with RA in almost all populations tested so far was in the total patient group (47.9%) slightly but not significantly more frequent than in the control group (38.3%). This difference was entirely due to a non‐significant increase in the frequency of DR4 in the Ashkenazi patients (54.5%) compared to controls (40%), while the frequency of DR4 in non‐Ashkenazi patients and controls was virtually identical (38.0% vs 36.7%).Another surprising finding was that the frequency of HLA‐DR1, which has been reported to be increased in different populations of patients with RA was found to be completely normal in the present study on Israeli patients. The alleles of the Bf and the GLO system did not show any significant difference between patients and controls.The surprising results concerning the lack of association of RA in Israeli patients with DR4 and with DR1 lead to the speculation, that RA may be associated not with DR4 but with a marker of a closely linked locus which is very highly associated in Middle European Caucasians with DR4 but which is less strongly associated with DR4 in Israeli Jews. One of the obvious candidates for such closely linked genes is the DQ system with the allele DQw3 and its splits.
Serological biochemical and functional characterisation of three different HLA‐DR monoclonal antibodies derived from C57BL6 mice
Authors: Sachs J. A. , Fernandez N. , Kurpisz M. , Okoye R. , Ogilvie J. , Awad J. , Labeta M. , Festenstein H. 
Published: July 2010

C57BL6 mice which do not express I‐E gene products were immunised with EBV transformed human B cell lines to generate MoAbs. Three hybridoma supernatants which initially reacted with the immunising donor cell but not a T cell line lacking Class II antigens were further investigated.I‐D SDS‐PAGE patterns of molecules precipitated by the three supernatants from a cell membrane lysate were characteristic of HLA‐Class II alpha and beta chains. Two‐dimensional analysis established the specificity of the supernatants as HLA‐DR specific. This was confirmed by the reaction patterns with Class II mutant deletant cell lines. In both ELISA and cytotoxicity one reacted with all lymphoblastoid cell lines tested, one reacted with all except two that were DR7 homozygous and the third reacted strongly only with cells that were DR3. All three antibodies were cytotoxic to both peripheral blood lymphocytes and EBV transformed B cell lines. The DR3 specific MoAb (IgG2a) was suitable as a typing reagent.The DR3 reactive MoAb specificially inhibited stimulation by a Dw3 HTC and the other two MoAbs inhibited all HTCs tested. These findings are consistent with the view that certain determinants responsible for the Dw specificities are carried on the DR molecules.
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasy (HHT) and HLA
Authors: Sensi A. , Abbasciano V. , Balboni Alessandra , Levato F. , Baricordi O. R. 
Published: July 2010

Linkage between HHT and 10 genetic marker systems was investigated in a family with 7 affected members.The analysis supports the previously suggested linkage between HLA and HHT (θ= .17).
Expression of blood group antigens including HLA markers in human adult liver
Authors: Rouger PH. , Poupon R. , Gane P. , Mallissen B. , Darnis F. , Salmon CH. 
Published: July 2010

The localisation of the principal blood group antigens has been studied in human liver. These blood group antigens included the erythrocyte antigens and the antigen of the major histocompatibility complex. This study was performed by the indirect immunofluorescence technique using polyclonal antibodies of human or animal origin and monoclonal antibodies from hybridomas. This study has shown that the normal hepatocyte is lacking in blood group antigens. On the contrary, the biliary cell was rich in antigenic markers: the main antigens expressed were Lewis, Pr, HLA‐A and B antigens.In Kupffer cells, only i and HLA‐DR antigens were clearly expressed. The endo‐thelial cells of blood vessels mainly show A, B, H, HLA‐A and B antigens; HLA‐DR and Pr are slightly expressed. HLA‐DR antigens were more strongly expressed on veins than on arteries. Dendritic cells have been identified in the portal space of human liver. They bore i and HLA‐DR antigens.
Cell mediated PPD specific cytotoxicity against human monocyte targets: III. Cellular typing with CTLs restricted by class II HLA antigens
Authors: Hansen Peter Wendelboe , Kristensen Tom 
Published: July 2010

The HLA‐restriction specificity of a set of Cytotoxic T‐Lymphocytes (CTLs) derived from 20 different individuals and with specificity for antigenic components in Purified Protein Derivative of tuberculin (PPD) were examined against a panel of 50 unrelated target cell donors. PPD pulsed monocytes were used as antigen presenting target cells. CTLs were generated by Interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) expansion of in vitro PPD activated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBM). The results confirm our previous finding that PPD‐specific CTLs are restricted by HLA‐class II — and not by class I antigens.The 20 CTLs used together provide reliable cellular typing reagents for the antigens HLA‐DR2, ‐3, ‐4 and ‐7 and less so for the antigens HLA‐DR1 and ‐5. In contrast, sharing between CTL‐ and target cell donors of HLA‐DRw6 and ‐w8 correlates poorly to PPD‐specific cytotoxicity.A few consistent exceptional patterns were observed. In one case lack of lysis in spite of HLA‐DR antigen sharing could be explained by a split of HLA‐DR2 into a normal and a short variant. Positive reactions in combinations, where no HLA‐DR antigens are shared, were only few and evenly distributed among CTLs. Thus our findings indicate that our bulk CTLs predominantly contain clones restricted by determinants strongly associated to the serologically defined HLA‐DR antigens.
Interactive effect of HLA and Gm tested in a study of 135 juvenile insulin‐dependent diabetic families
Authors: Dizier M. H. , Deschamps I. , Hors J. , Blanc M. , Rivat L. , Clerget‐Darpoux F. 
Published: July 2010

Interaction between HLA and Gm for susceptibility to insulin‐dependent diabetes (IDD) has been studied in 135 IDD families comparing HLA and Gm phenotype distributions in patients and sibling controls.The association analysis comparing the 135 index cases to 124 sibling controls did not show any significant interaction, but only a tendency for Gm 4,5 phenotypes to be more frequent in IDD patients, particularly in those who carried DR3/X.The sib pair analysis of 16 pairs of affected sibs did not show any distortion of segregation of Gm. On the other hand, among 98 sib pairs of one affected and one non‐affected sib, there was a significant distortion in favour of sib pairs with non‐identical Gm phenotypes. However, no interaction between HLA and Gm was found. These results provide suggestive evidence that Gm or a locus very close to Gm could be involved in susceptibility to IDD.
Lack of linkage between HLA and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 in a French family
Authors: Perrier P. , Thomas J. L. , Bonaiti‐Pellie C. , Gay G. , Leclere J. , Streiff F. 
Published: July 2010

In this study, linkage between HLA and a dominant gene determining multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) in a large pedigree was investigated.All lod scores for recombination fractions ranging from 0 to 0.45 were negative. If we pool data from our family and the families studied by Jackson et al. (1976) and Simpson & Falk (1982), a link between HLA and the locus for MEN 2 can be excluded.Linkage studies with various markers and pooled data should be pursued to permit detection of high risk individuals and to identify a genetic defect.
A human‐human hybridoma producing cytotoxic antibody to HLA‐B15, cross‐reacting with B17, B5, B35 and B18
Authors: Hansen T. , Kolstad A. , Thorsby E. , Hannestad K. 
Published: July 2010

Mononuclear blood cells from a multiparous woman were transformed with Epstein Barr virus, and a cell line (Tr2D8) producing anti‐HLA antibody was obtained. This cell line was immortalized by hybridization to the human fusion partners KR4 and KR12. While the EBV line died after 7 months, the hybridomas have remained stable for 13 months.The EBV line supernatant (40 μg IgM/ml) lysed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) bearing B15, B17, B5 and B35. Consistent lysis of B18 bearing cells was only observed with lymphoblastoid cell lines. The supernatant from the Tr2D8 (EBV line × KR4) hybridoma (2.7 μg IgM/ml) only lysed B15 bearing PBMC. At a concentration of 13.5 μg IgM/ml, the hybridoma antibody lysed lymphoblastoid cell lines bearing B15, B17, B5, B35 and B18.
Candidiasis der Nägel
Authors: ALKIEWICZ J. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungEs werden folgende Symptome der Nagelcandidiasis hervorgehoben: Rötung und Schwellung des Nagelwälles, geringe Eiterproduktion in der Nageltasche, transversale Spalten der Nagelplatte, unregelmäßige Höcker und wallartige Erhebungen des Nagels; die oft beobachtete Schwarzfärbung der Seitenräder des Nagels ist auf Mischinfektionen zurückzuführen. Das Leiden kommt am häufigsten bei Frauen vor, die in der Hauswirtschaft tätig sind. Der Verlauf ist ausgesprochen chronisch. Der Erreger ist meist Candida albicans. Histo‐logische Untersuchungen liefern den Beweis dafür, daß die Hefeinfektion zuerst eine Entzündung der Matrix bedingt. In der Folge entsteht eine pathologische Keratinisierung (Vernagelung), die in der Hyperchromasie und Lösung der interzellulären Bindungen ihren Ausdruck findet. Die so entstehenden Spalten der Nagelplatte enthalten Blastosporen des Hefepilzes.
Nachweis hautpathogener Bodenpilze in Finnland
Authors: LUNDELL E. , MEINHOF W. , RIETH H. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungKeratinomyces ajelloi und Trichophyton terrestre wurden in Finnland nachgewiesen. 20 Erdproben aus verschiedenen Orten in Südfinnland (einschließlich Turku und Helsinki) enthielten in 14 Fällen Keratinomyces ajelloi, in 3 Fällen Trichophyton terrestre.Außerdem wurde in 4 Erdproben eine Pilzart gefunden, die Keratinomyces ajelloi ähnlich ist, sich aber durch mehr zugespitzte und rauhwandige Makrokonidien von ihr unterscheidet. Andererseits besteht auch keine völlige übereinstimmung mit Mikrosporum cookei, so daß diese vorläufig als Keratinomyces species bezeichnet wurde.
Abortive Cleistothecium–Bildung in primären Kulturen des Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. granulosum
Authors: BALOGH E 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungBei 2–6 monatigen primären Kulturen des Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. granulosum wurde bei 11 Fällen abortive Cleistothecium–Bildung beobachtet. Das Hyphen–Netzwerk war den Peridien der perfekten Formen des Keratinomyces ajelloi und des Trichophyton terrestre ähnlich. In den cleistotheciumartigen Gebilden konnte weder Ascus– noch Ascosporenbildung nachgewiesen werden.
Zur Hemmwirkung menschlicher Seren auf Trichophyton mentagrophytes nach oraler Griseofulvingabe
Authors: HEITE H.‐J. , RÜMMLER J. 
Published: July 2010

Zusammenfassung1. Seren von 10 Probanden, die verschiedene Zeiten zuvor 3 g Griseofulvin oral erhalten hatten, wurden zu 10% einem Sabouraud‐Maltose‐Agar beigemischt und dieser Nahrboden in Petrischalen mit einem stecknadelkopfgroBen Mycel‐brockchen einer 10–15 Tage alten Kultur von Trichophyton mentagrophytes beimpft.2. In Vorversuchen wurde gezeigt, daβ unter dieser Versuchsanlage gut repro‐duzierbare Mycelflächen nach 10tägiger Bebrütung erhalten werden. Die relative Streuung betrug unter 5%.In weiteren Vorversuchen wurde ferner festgestellt, daβ der Serumzusatz von gesunden Probanden keinen signifikanten Einfluβ auf die Wachstums‐geschwindigkeit von Trichophyton mentagrophytes hat; insbesondere war auch unterschiedliche lange Aufbewahrung des Blutes (zwischen 3 und 72 Std.) im Kühlschrank ohne Kinfluβ.3. Anhand der Messung der Mycelflächen nach 10tägiger Bebrütung konnte eine fungistatische Serumwirkung 3, 6, 9 und 24 Std. nach oraler Griseofulvingabe nachgewiesen werden. Nach 48 Std. wird die Wirkung unsicher und im Kol‐lektiv nicht mehr signiflkant.4. Der Versuch einer quantitativen Auswertung der Mycelflächen anhand einer Eichkurve führt im Einzelfall zu keinen befriedigenden Ergebnissen. Wird dagegen die Durchschnittshemmkurve der Mycelfläche von 9 Probanden aus‐gewertet, so ergeben sich Griseofulvinserumkonzentrationen, die etwa imoberen Bereich der mit chemischen Bestimmungsmethoden festgestellten Griseofulvinspiegel liegen.5. Unterschiede zwischen Plasma (Vetrenblut) und Serum konnte nicht gefunden werden.6. Die biologische Bestimmungsmethode des Griseofulvins unter Beimischung des zu untersuchenden Serums in der Menge von etwa 10% zum Nährboden ist zu ungenau, um Griseofulvinblutspiegeluntersuchungen durchzuführen. Sie reicht jedoch aus, um eindeutig nachzuweisen, daβ beginnend von der 3. Stunde und über 24 Std. anhaltend eine fungistatische Serumwirkung vor‐handen ist.
Nachuntersuchungen bei Kindern mit tiefer Trichophytie
Authors: RÖHRING Ch. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungDie Trichophytieerkrankungen haben noch nicht an Bedeutung verloren. Es wurden 92 von 135 Kindern, die in der Zeit von 1960–1965 an einer tiefen Trichophytie des behaarten Kopfes erkrankt waren, nachuntersucht.Als Trichophytieerreger steht Trichophyton verrucosum an erster Stelle. Auf die narbigen Endresultate wird besonders hingewiesen.