bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iterative component‐wise bounds for the steady‐state distribution of a Markov chain
Authors: Bušić Ana , Fourneau Jean‐Michel 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYWe prove new iterative algorithms to provide component‐wise bounds of the steady‐state distribution of an irreducible and aperiodic Markov chain. These bounds are based on simple properties of (max,+) and (min,+) sequences. The bounds are improved at each iteration. Thus, we have a clear trade‐off between tightness of the bounds (some algorithms converge to the true solution) and computation times. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The rationale for the reclassification of personality disorder in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11)
Authors: Tyrer Peter , Crawford Mike , Mulder Roger , Blashfield Roger , Farnam Alireza , Fossati Andrea , Kim Youl‐Ri , Koldobsky Nestor , Lecic‐Tosevski Dusica , Ndetei David , Swales Michaela , Clark Lee Anna , Reed Geoffrey M. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTNineteen years have elapsed since the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10), and many advances have been made in the field of personality disorders since that time. This paper reflects these advances and presents the first proposals of the ICD‐11 working group for the reclassification of personality disorders. The essential changes from ICD‐10 are to make the primary classification of personality disorder one of five levels of severity, including one of personality difficulty below the severity of disorder, to replace the existing categories of personality disorder with five monothetic trait domains of asocial, emotionally unstable, obsessional (anankastic), anxious/dependent and dissocial groups and to provide a simple algorithm for classification that can be used in ordinary psychiatric practice. It is argued that the proposed changes will improve the clinical utility of the diagnosis of personality disorder, reduce its stigma and help in the development and selection of appropriate treatment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorocarbon Coatings Deposited on Micron‐Sized Particles by Atmospheric PECVD
Authors: Abadjieva Elena , van der Heijden Antoine E. D. M. , Creyghton Yves L. M. , van Ommen J. Ruud 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFluorocarbon coatings have been deposited on micron‐sized silica particles by means of atmospheric pressure plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The silica particles have a diameter in the range between 40 and 70 µm. They are fluidized at atmospheric pressure in a circulating fluidized bed combined with a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. Four coatings have been produced with four different precursors, respectively, octafluorocyclobutane (C4F8), hexafluoropropylene (C3F6), trifluorethanol (C2H3OF3) and hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (C3H2OF6). The Ar filamentary discharges are sustained with a plasma power of 150 W at 25 kHz. The chemical and morphological features of the coatings are investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray microanalysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All coatings have a flake‐like morphology and variable thickness. The F/C ratio, also called “Teflon” parameter, has the following values: 1.37, 1.09, 0.30 and 1.45 for each of the four precursors, respectively. The coating produced with trifluorethanol is highly cross‐linked, but has relatively poor fluorinated surface. The highest surface fluorination is achieved, when octafluorocyclobutane is used as a precursor. The presented results enable the comparison and selection of precursors, so that particle surface functionality may be developed for improved blast performance and sensitivity of advanced energetic materials.magnified image
Bringing economy and robustness in parameter testing: a Taguchi methods‐based approach to model validation
Authors: Hadjis Andreas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper presents the application of an effective and practical method to complement the methodology for validating system dynamics (SD) models. The method is based on an analogy drawn between the SD model development process and the quality design and manufacturing product development process of an industrial context. Employing this metaphor, the revolutionary Taguchi principles of robust design can be utilized at the beginning of the validation process of SD models for parameter testing. The proposed Taguchi‐based approach is applied and tested in the context of a SD corporate model. The results show that, with relatively few steps at the beginning of the validation process and in the sub‐category of reference behaviour tests, the modeller can significantly reduce complexity of testing while increasing confidence in his model. Copyright © 2011 System Dynamics Society.
The Latin–Greek Connection
Authors: Rasinski Timothy V. , Padak Nancy , Newton Joanna , Newton Evangeline 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this article, the authors make a case for teaching vocabulary in the elementary grades through a focus on the morphological structure of words, in particular English words that are derived through Latin and Greek roots and affixes. The authors present a set of engaging instructional ideas for the use of Latin and Greek derivations to teach vocabulary and provide classroom‐based examples of how a morphological‐based vocabulary program can be implemented and its impact on students and teachers.
Three diacylglycerol acyltransferases contribute to oil biosynthesis and normal growth in Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Zhang Hongxiang , Damude Howard G. , Yadav Narendra S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDiacylglycerol (DAG) acyltransferase catalyses the final and committed step of triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Eukaryotes commonly contain up to three distinct classes of DAG acyltransferases: acyl‐CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), acyl‐CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT). The non‐conventional oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica, contains at least one homologue of each class and serves as a good model to understand the role of different DAG acyltransferases in the biosynthesis of oil, a critical cellular component that serves as a storage molecule as well as a buffer for free fatty acids. We used gene disruptions in Y. lipolytica and in vitro enzyme assays to confirm the identity of genes encoding all three DAG acyltransferases and demonstrate that together they account for almost all oil biosynthesis and that all three contribute significantly to its oil biosynthesis. In Y. lipolytica ATCC 20362 strain, the total lipid% dry cell weight (DCW) as a percentage of the wild‐type strain in pdat, dgat1, dgat2, dgat1/dgat2 double mutant and dgat1/dgat2/pdat triple mutant was 70%, 57%, 36%, 18% and 13%, respectively.This is the first example of DGAT1 contributing significantly to oil biosynthesis in a microorganism. The triple mutant shows significant growth defect in both increased lag phase and slower growth rate, suggesting that oil biosynthesis contributes to normal growth in this strain. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of Cocrystals between Alkali Triazine Tricarboxylates and Cyanuric Acid – Reactivity Considerations and Structural Characterization of the Adduct Phases M3[C3N3(CO2)3][C3N3O3H3]·H2O (M = K, Rb)
Authors: Makowski Sophia J. , Calta Evelyn , Lacher Monika , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe reactivity of cyanuric acid towards alkali triazinetricarboxylates was investigated and the first triazine‐triazine adduct phases comprising alkali metal ions were synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and thermal analysis. An investigation of the reaction between the alkali triazine tricarboxylates M3[C3N3(CO2)3]·xH2O (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) and cyanuric acid showed that the degree of ion transfer from triazine tricarboxylate to cyanuric acid increases gradually from the lithium to the cesium salt reflecting an increasing basicity of the triazine tricarboxylates.The reaction of potassium and rubidium triazine tricarboxylate dihydrate with cyanuric yielded the novel co‐crystalsK3[C3N3(CO2)3][C3N3O3H3]·H2O (3a) and Rb3[C3N3(CO2)3][C3N3O3H3]·H2O (3b). In comparison to metal free triazine‐triazine adduct phases in these compounds the assembly of molecules in the crystal is mainly determined by Coulomb interactions and only to a certain degree by hydrogen bonds and dispersive interactions. In the crystal the s‐triazine units exhibit a layered structure with triazine tricarboxylate and isocyanuric acid being arranged in zigzag strands within the layers and stacked in columns perpendicular to the layers. Thermal analysis revealed a quite weak cohesion between triazine tricarboxylate and cyanuric acid upon heating.
Impact of Advanced Age on Outcomes Following Damage Control Interventions for Trauma
Authors: Lustenberger Thomas , Talving Peep , Schnüriger Beat , Eberle Barbara M. , Keel Marius J. B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundDamage control (DC) strategy has significantly contributed to mortality reduction in massively bleeding and critically injured trauma victims. However, there is a lack of literature validating the effectiveness of this approach in the elderly population.MethodsThe trauma registry of a Level I trauma center was utilized to identify all severely injured patients [Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥16] from January 1996 to December 2007 who underwent initial DC procedures. Patients with a head Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) ≥3 were excluded from the analysis. Demographics, clinical and physiological parameters, and in‐hospital outcome measures were compared between elderly (≥55 years) and younger (<55 years) patient cohorts subjected to DC procedures.ResultsOverall, 158 patients met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 34 patients (21.5%) were aged ≥55 years (range 55–85 years) and 124 patients (78.5%) were <55 years old (range 16–54 years). The overall in‐hospital mortality rate was 10.1% (n = 16) with a significantly higher mortality rate for elderly patients than for younger patients: 29.4% vs. 4.8%; adjusted P = 0.001; adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.09 (2.30–21.74). When stratified by DC subgroups, the case‐fatality rate was significantly higher for the elderly patients who underwent extremity DC procedures [19.2% vs. 3.2%; adjusted P = 0.032; adjusted OR with 95% CI 5.95 (1.16–30.30)] and DC laparotomy [55.6% vs. 7.1%; P = 0.005; OR and 95% CI 16.25 (2.32–114.06)]. Both cohorts required massive transfusion during the initial 24 h of admission (18.9 ± 2.9 vs. 15.1 ± 1.6 units of packed red blood cells; P = 0.290). Nevertheless, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding hospital and surgical intensive care unit lengths of stay or major in‐hospital complications.ConclusionsThe mortality rate for elderly trauma patients undergoing DC is excessive at 29%. Despite the significant burden of injury and the massive transfusion requirement, most of the elderly patients subjected to DC survived and experienced in‐hospital morbidity measures comparable to those of the younger patients. Our results provide further support for damage control intervention in severely injured elderly patients.
Evaluation of effects of a novel endoscopically applied radiofrequency ablation biliary catheter using an ex‐vivo pig liver
Authors: Itoi Takao , Isayama Hiroyuki , Sofuni Atsushi , Itokawa Fumihide , Tamura Miho , Watanabe Yusuke , Moriyasu Fuminori , Kahaleh Michel , Habib Nagy , Nagao Toshitaka , Yokoyama Tomohisa , Kasuya Kazuhiko , Kawakami Hiroshi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of ablation with various settings of powers and times using a newly developed radiofrequency (RF) ablation device, the Habib™ EndoHPB catheter, are not well known. In the present study, we examined the effects of a novel RF ablation catheter using resected fresh pig livers and evaluated the macro‐ and microscopic effects of RF ablation under various conditions.Materials and methodsThe RF application was performed step by step at 5, 10, 15, and 20 W power and 60, 90, 120 s, respectively. Macroscopic and microscopic findings of the ablation area were evaluated at each setting.ResultsThe mean lengths of the short axis of the ablation area at 10 W and 60, 90 and 120 s were 8.0 ± 1.0, 8.3 ± 1.2, and 9.7 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. The mean lengths of the long axis at 10 W power and 60, 90 and 120 s were 20.3 ± 0.6, 21.3 ± 1.6, and 28.3 ± 2.1 mm, respectively. Although the lengths of the short and long axes at 5 and 10 W increased gradually with power, there were no obvious differences in either short or long axis lengths between 15 and 20 W. Of all the settings, only at 5 W and 60 and 90 s did the long axis of the ablation show separate areas around the 2 ring electrodes.ConclusionsAlthough other sequelae including hemorrhage, pancreatitis, acute inflammatory changes, perforation and late fibrosis could not be investigated in our ex‐vivo pig model, our study clarified the relationship between ablation powers and times and the effects concerning depth and longitudinal spread of ablation. Although the clinical ablation setting at 7–10 W power and 2 min is suitable, ultimately the ablation power and time should be adjusted according to the size of masses using examples from the present results.
Multivariate Data Analysis of Fatty Acid Content in the Classification of Olive Oils Developed Through Controlled Crossbreeding
Authors: Dabbou Samia , Chaieb Ikbel , Rjiba Imed , Issaoui Manel , Echbili Adel , Nakbi Amel , Gazzah Noureddine , Hammami Mohamed 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe fatty acid (FA) composition of 540 Tunisian virgin olive oil hybrids (VOO) were classified by principal component analysis (PCA). Pearson correlation between FA variables revealed an inverse association between C18:1 and C18:2; C18:1 and C16:0, while C16:0 and C16:1 were positively correlated. PCA yielded five significant PCs, which together account for 79.95% of the total variance; with PC1 contributing 36.84% of the total. Eigenvalue analysis revealed that PC1 was mainly attributed to C18:1, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and the ratios oleic/linoleic (O/L) and monounsaturated fatty acids/polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA/PUFA); PC2, by C16:0, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the palmitic/linoleic ratio (P/L); PC3 by C18:2 and C22:0, PC4 by C18:0 and PC5, by C17:1. Then, PCA analysis indicated that in addition to C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C17:1, and C22:0, MUFA, SFA and the ratios O/L, P/L and MUFA/PUFA were determined to be the main factors responsible for the olive oil hybrids discrimination.
Migräne, Schlaganfall und „white matter lesions“
Authors: Dichgans M. , Freilinger T. 
Published: October 2011

ZusammenfassungZwischen Migräne und ischämischem Schlaganfall besteht eine komplexe bi-direktionale Komorbidität, die zu Grunde liegenden pathophysiologischen Zusammenhänge sind multifaktoriell. Aus klinischer Sicht besonders relevant ist die Bedeutung der Migräne als Risikofaktor für zerebrale Ischämien. Für klinisch manifeste Schlaganfälle ist das Risiko um den Faktor 2 erhöht, zusätzliche Risikofaktoren sind Migräne mit Aura, weibliches Geschlecht, Rauchen und Einnahme oraler Kontrazeptiva. Die absolute Risikozunahme ist jedoch gering, Patienten sollten daher nicht unnötig verunsichert werden. Migränepatienten haben ferner eine erhöhte Prävalenz von ‚white matter lesions‘ (WML) und subklinischen Infarkten (v. a. in der hinteren Strombahn). Nach neuen Daten ist der Effekt hinsichtlich WML nicht spezifisch für Migräne, sondern scheint auch für andere schwere Kopfschmerzen zuzutreffen. Ferner ist die klinische und funktionelle Bedeutung dieser bildgebenden Befunde aktuell nicht abschließend geklärt.
Novel mutations in MEN1, CDKN1B and AIP genes in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome in Spain
Authors: Belar Oihana , Hoz Carmen De La , Pérez‐Nanclares Gustavo , Castaño Luis , Gaztambide Sonia ,   Spanish MEN1 Group
Published: October 2011

SummaryContext  Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder mostly owing to a genetic defect in MEN1 gene. Not all patients with MEN1 phenotype present a defect in this gene. Thus, other genes like CDKN and AIP have been showed to be involved in MEN1‐like patients.Objective  The aim of this study was to perform a genetic screening in our cohort or patients with suspected MEN1 syndrome by direct sequencing analysis of MEN1, CDKN1B and AIP, and dosage analysis of MEN1 and AIP.Results  A total of 79 different sporadic and familial cases with the MEN1 phenotype have been studied, in which 34 of them (48%) present a mutation in MEN1 gene. In two patients without a detectable mutation in MEN1 gene, we have identified a novel missense mutation (c.163G>A/p.Ala55Thr) in CDKN1B gene and a novel frameshift mutation (c.825_845delCGCGGCCGTGTGGAATGCCCA/p. His275GlnfsX49) in AIP gene, respectively.Conclusions  Our data support that MEN1 gene is the main target for genetic analysis in clinical MEN1 syndrome. We confirm that in those patients without MEN1 gene mutation, other genes such as CDKN1B/p27Kip, or AIP in those including pituitary tumours should also be tested.
Lithology and fluid prediction from prestack seismic data using a Bayesian model with Markov process prior
Authors: Hammer Hugo , Kolbjørnsen Odd , Tjelmeland Håkon , Buland Arild 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTWe invert prestack seismic amplitude data to find rock properties of a vertical profile of the earth. In particular we focus on lithology, porosity and fluid. Our model includes vertical dependencies of the rock properties. This allows us to compute quantities valid for the full profile such as the probability that the vertical profile contains hydrocarbons and volume distributions of hydrocarbons. In a standard point wise approach, these quantities can not be assessed. We formulate the problem in a Bayesian framework, and model the vertical dependency using spatial statistics. The relation between rock properties and elastic parameters is established through a stochastic rock model, and a convolutional model links the reflectivity to the seismic. A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is used to generate multiple realizations that honours both the seismic data and the prior beliefs and respects the additional constraints imposed by the vertical dependencies. Convergence plots are used to provide quality check of the algorithm and to compare it with a similar method. The implementation has been tested on three different data sets offshore Norway, among these one profile has well control. For all test cases the MCMC algorithm provides reliable estimates with uncertainty quantification within three hours. The inversion result is consistent with the observed well data. In the case example we show that the seismic amplitudes make a significant impact on the inversion result even if the data have a moderate well tie, and that this is due to the vertical dependency imposed on the lithology fluid classes in our model. The vertical correlation in elastic parameters mainly influences the upside potential of the volume distribution.The approach is best suited to evaluate a few selected vertical profiles since the MCMC algorithm is computer demanding.
Fatigue and physical activity levels in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Wu Li‐Jan , Wu Ming‐Shun , Lien GI‐Shih , Chen Feng‐Chia , Tsai Jen‐Chen 
Published: October 2011

Aims and objectives.  This study aimed to explore the correlation between fatigue and physical activity in patients with liver cirrhosis.Background.  Many patients with liver cirrhosis perceive lower physical functioning and more fatigue than non‐cirrhotic individuals. To date, however, few studies have examined the relationship between fatigue and physical activity in this patient population.Design.  This study used a correlation design. Participants were patients with liver cirrhosis recruited from the gastroenterology clinic of a teaching medical centre in Taiwan.Methods.  Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, consisting of a fatigue scale and a seven‐day Physical Activity Recall scale. spss version 13.0 software was used to analyse the data through statistical methods, including one‐way analysis of variance, independent t‐test and Pearson’s correlations.Results.  Patients participating in this study suffered from moderate‐to‐severe fatigue, and their engagement in physical activity of moderate or higher intensity was decreased. On average, fatigue had a moderate level of influence on physical activity. A significant negative correlation was found between the fatigue level and average seven‐day physical activity level.Conclusions.  Patients with liver cirrhosis can experience severe fatigue, which may reduce their level of physical activity.Relevance to clinical practice.  Early evaluation of the fatigue level and physical activity constraints in patients with liver cirrhosis should be conducted in the clinic or community. Individualised instructions for patient’s physical activity should be provided.
Equine Pre‐Implantation Conceptuses Express Neuraminidase 2 – A Potential Mechanism for Desialylation of the Equine Capsule
Authors: Klein C , Troedsson MHT 
Published: October 2011

ContentsDuring the second and third week of pregnancy, the equine conceptus is covered by an acellular glycoprotein capsule. This capsule contains glycoproteins resembling those of the mucin family with sialic acid making up a high proportion of the carbohydrate. Coinciding with conceptus fixation, a marked decline in sialic acid content of the capsule occurs, which has been proposed to contribute to cessation of conceptus mobility. Herein, we describe the expression of neuraminidase 2 (NEU2) by pre‐implantation stages of equine conceptus development. NEU2 transcript abundance was examined in conceptuses obtained 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 days after ovulation; highest levels were observed 16 days after ovulation. Transcript abundance observed in endometrial tissue was on average 474‐fold lower than in conceptus tissue. Protein expression was localized to trophoblast cells and capsular material. Functionality of NEU2 was shown using an Amplex Red reagent‐based assay. NEU2, formerly known as sialidase 2, belongs to a family of enzymes that cleave sialic acid from polysaccharide chains. The expression of NEU2 described herein provides a mechanism by which the conceptus can regulate the sialic acid content of its own capsule. The timely desialylation coinciding with conceptus fixation has been suggested integral for establishment of normal pregnancy.