bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetic patients and myocardial infarction
Authors: Rytter Lene , Beck-Nielsen Henning , Troelsen Svend 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT. The investigation comprised 832 consecutive hospitalized patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the AMI-patients was 9.7 % and is significantly higher than in an age-matched population where the prevalence is about 6.1 % (p<0.05). The prevalence was higher for women than for men (14.9 % versus 7.6 %). The risk of AMI was found to be about 4 times higher among IDDM than among nondiabetics(p<0.05), whereas the risk for non-insulin dependent diabetics was only slightly increased (p<0.05).
The mortality rate from AMI within the first month was 20.2 % for non-diabetics while 42 % of the diabetics died from their myocardial infarction (p<0.001). A specially high mortality rate of 51.6% was found among non-insulin dependent women. The investigation show further that patients in a poor diabetic state, both in the years prior to the AMI and at the time of hospitalization in the coronary care unit, had a significantly higher mortality rate (p<0.05).
We therefore conclude that diabetes mellitus disposes to AMI and that the mortality rate of AMI is significantly increased among diabetics. A poor metabolic regulation of the diabetes seems to aggravate the prognosis of AMI.
Key words: diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction, coronary sclerosis.
Dietary treatment of patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pedersen Oluf 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT. The dietary recommendations for noninsulin-dependent diabetics recently published by several national diabetes associations are reviewed and commented upon. In obese diabetics the emphasis is on an energy restriction. Moreover, all organizations agree on the advice of a decrease of the saturated fat content and an increase in the amount of starch and watersoluble, nondigestible carbohydrates in diabetic diets. Epidemiological, experimental and clinical evidences suggest that consumption of this type of diet may be less atherogenic and may improve the action of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism.
Key words: Noninsulin-dependent diabetes, diet, carbohydrates, fat, fibres, weight reduction.
Pancreatic transplantation in diabetes mellitus: Present status
Authors: Östman J. , Lundgren G. , Tydén G. , Gunnarsson R. , Groth C-G. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract.
Between December 1966 and June 1982, 269 transplantations of vascularized pancreas (whole or segmental) were undertaken in 254 diabetic patients throughout the world. Most of the transplantations were performed in patients with end-stage renal disease who also received kidney grafts; a few patients received pancreatic grafts only. About 25% of the pancreatic grafts are still functioning after periods of various lenghts, the longest being five years.
To the problem of how to handle the exocrine secretion there are two main approaches: 1) occlusion of the duct with a synthetic polymer and 2) pancreatico-enterostomy. A disadvantage of the former procedure is late fibrosis and atrophy of the endocrine tissue. With the latter method duct leakage and fistula development cannot be completely prevented. In either case, vascular complications cause graft failure in about 20% of the operations. The risk of rejection of the graft seems not to differ significantly from that concerning other allogeneic organs, including the kidney and heart.
Most of the patients with a functioning pancreatic graft are normoglycemic: they have a normal or near-normal oral or intravenous glucose tolerance and an early insulin response to intravenous glucose tolerance and an early insulin response to intravenous glucose challenge. Whether the improvement of the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities observed in some patients whose graft has functioned for a long time is due to the reversal of renal insufficiency or to insulin deficiency cannot yet be determined. At present, pancreas transplantation at Huddinge Hospital is performed only in conjunction with renal transplantation in patients with end-stage diabetic renal disease.
The metabolic disturbances in animals with experimental or spontaneous diabetes mellitus can be corrected by the transplantation of either a vascularized pancreatic graft or a suspension of more or less purified islets. In insulin-dependent patients only vascularized pancreatic allografts have led to sustained normoglycemia; the results of transplanting suspensions of adult or fetal human pancreas have so far been discouraging (Sutherland, 1981b). This presentation will deal only with the transplantation of vascularized pancreatic allografts, which has proved increasingly successful in recent years. Since the first systematic clinical trial started in December, 1966, in Minnesota more than 300 pancreatic transplantations have been performed, according to the new Human Pancreas and Islet Transplant Registry (Sutherland, 1984). During the last few years the annual number of pancreas transplantations carried out in the world has greatly increased (Fig. 1), and more than 40 centers have now reported to the Registry.
Beta-cell function and diabetic control in insulin dependent diabetes melletus
Authors: Faber Ole K. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract.
Beta-cell function, as evaluated from plasma C-peptide measurements, is found in all insulin dependent diabetic patients the first months of disease and in about 15% of patients with more than 15 years of treatment.
The beta-cells are capable of modulating their secretory activity in response to changes in blood glucose.
Even a minimal residual insulin secretion is of metabolic significance.
Key words: insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, beta-cell function, C-peptide metabolic control.
Endocrine pancreatic function in insulin-dependent diabetic pregnant women
Authors: Fiore R. , Maldonato A. , Zicari D. , Pimpinella G. , Gargiulo P. , Tinelli F. P. , Arachi S. , Pachi A. , Fallucca F. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract. In order to better understand the role of A-and B-cell function in diabetic pregnancy, we studied four groups of pregnant women at week 34–36 of gestation. Seventeen were healthy controls (C), 24 had gestational diabetes (GD), 16 had type 2 diabetes (NIDD) and 37 had type 1 diabetes (IDD). At times —20, 0, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min from the beginning of a 30 min infusion of 30 g of arginine intravenously, plasma glucose, glucagon (IRG) and C-peptide (CPR) were measured.
Plasma glucose was higher in diabetic than in control subjects. IRG values were also higher in the GD and the NIDD women. CPR values were similar to, or slightly higher than control values in the GD and the NIDD and were much lower in the IDD women. All three variables increased during the arginine infusion in all groups, with the exception that CPR remained unchanged in the IDD. The CPR/IRG molar ratio was similar in control, GD and NIDD women; in the IDD, it was much smaller than in the other groups and was not affected by arginine. In all the diabetic patients, IRG was negatively correlated with the maternal weight gain and in the IDD IRG was positively correlated with the increase in the insulin need and with the CPR levels.
In conclusion diabetes appeared to enhance the A-cell function also in pregnancy, possibly impairing the 'facilitated anabolism' and stressing the 'accelerated starvation' which are typical of normal pregnancy. Glucagon was confirmed as one possible determinant of the insulin resistance seen in diabetic pregnancy.
Preconceptional treatment with insulin infusion pumps in insulin-dependent diabetic women with particular reference to prevention of congenital malformations
Authors: Jensen Bente Møller , Kühl Claus , Mølsted-Pedersen Lars , Saurbrey Nina , Fog-Pedersen Jan 
Published: October 2009

Abstract. Severe congenital malformations occur more often in infants of diabetic mothers than in infants of non-diabetic mothers. Fetuses exhibiting early fetal growth delay are in increased risk to be malformed and the early fetal growth rate seems to be related to the degree of metabolic control around the time of conception and in the early pregnancy.
Nine insulin-dependent diabetic women (White classes B–F) were treated by means of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) initiated at least two months prior to conception and continued throughout pregnancy in order to evaluate the influence of optimized metabolic control on the course and outcome of diabetic pregnancy. Eleven conventionally treated pregnant diabetics (White classes B–D) served as controls. In the pump group the mean blood glucose values in the 4 weeks immediately before and after the conception were 7.7 ± 0.2 mmol/l and 8.0 ± 0.3 mmol/l, respectively, the HbA1c was 7.3 ± 0.5% at the time of conception and 6.9 ± 0.2% 6–10 weeks later. In the control group the HbA1c 6–10 weeks after conception was 7.2 ± 0.5%. In the pump group two fetuses exhibited early growth delay while all of the 11 fetuses in the control group were of normal early growth. There were no malformations in either group. All pregnancies were uncomplicated except for one case of toxaemia in the control group.
Thus, during CSII treatment the metabolic control was improved in all patients. A possible beneficial effect of this improved control on the early fetal growth delay was not demonstrated. Both groups are, however, still small and definite conclusions must await further results.
The control of catch-up growth
Authors: MOSIER H. DAVID 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Catch-up (compensatory) growth following transient growth retardation due to illness or starvation has long been recognized in biology and in clinical medicine. This report summarizes work utilizing experimental models in rats in efforts to elucidate the control of catch-up growth. The results support the hypothesis that the catch-up growth mechanism includes a set-point or reference for body size appropriate for age and that the control resides in the central nervous system. Growth hormone (GH ) secretion is increased during catch-up growth, although the results also show that increased GH secretion is not required for catch-up growth acceleration. Environmental light modulates the effect of catch-up growth on GH secretion. The mechanisms for sensing a deficit in body size and for stimulating catch-up growth acceleration remain unknown.
Remarkable catch-up growth in a boy with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome
Authors: STEENDIJK R. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
A boy is described who was followed from 4 to 21.5 years of age, during which time he was treated with high doses of corticosteroids for a steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome. For the first 10 years therapy was mainly continuous and height decreased from -0.5 to -4.5 SDS. Later discontinuous treatment without a reduction in the total weekly dose was accompanied by rapid catch-up growth. Final height was -1.0 SDS. During most of the time skeletal age was severely retarded and a discrepancy between the development of the short bones of the hand and the carpal bones was noted.
Effect of steroids on cartilage metabolism "in vitro"
Authors: DU CAJU Marc V.L. , ROOMAN Raoul P. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Conditions characterized by high levels of glucocorticoids are associated with poor growth. Serum somatomedin or insulin-like growth factor activity measured by cartilage bioassay systems is low, but is generally not accompanied by a fall in somatomedin concentration. Hydrocortisone and a synthetic analogue, dexamethasone, impaired the serum stimulated "in vitro" 35S sulphate and 3H-thymidine incorporation in porcine rib cartilage at physiological concentrations. Hydrocortisone added at a concentration of 0,1 μg/ml decreased the potency of normal serum to 50 % of controls. Dexamethasone was at least 10 times more potent. Removal of "in vitro" or "in vivo" administered hydrocortisone with dextran-coated charcoal restored the sulphate and thymidine activity to normal. We conclude that physiological amounts of glucocorticoids inhibit the "in vitro" porcine cartilage metabolism. Glucocorticoid administration "in vivo" does not abolish the activity of the cartilage stimulating effect of serum but affects cartilage metabolism directly or by the induction of locally produced inhibitors of cartilage metabolism.
Some comparative aspects of a longitudinal growth study in normal spanish children and other longitudinal studies
Authors: FERRANDEZ A. , MAYAYO E. , RODRIGUEZ M. , ARNAL J.M. , CARO J. , PUGA B. , ATARES M. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The differences existing among some european longitudinal growth studies make it necessary to be cautious in the use of standards constructed on different populations. The improvement of the environmental conditions during the last 20 years is probably the most important cause of the "catch-up" phenomenon of the spanish stature. It is probable that racial characteristics also play a role, even in the same country as can be appreciated on comparing two spanish longitudinal studies based on children originary from different regions. All of wich indicates the need to use own standards in those countries wich, like ours, have lived through a period of intenses changes. Even exploratory studies of regional differences in the same country seem necesary.
Longitudinal study of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) in relation to spermarche, pubic hair, height and sitting height in normal boys
Authors: NIELSEN C. THØGER , SKAKKEBÆK N.E. , DARLING JANET A.B. , HUNTER W.M. , RICHARDSON D.W. , JØRGENSEN MERETE , KEIDING N. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract.
In a 7-year longitudinal study of 40 normal boys, initially aged 8.6-11.7 years, 24-h urine samples were collected every 3 months and analysed for LH and testosterone as well as for the presence of spermatozoa (spermaturia). Spermarche (onset of the release of spermatozoa) was estimated on the basis of age at the first observed spermaturia. Physical examination, including measurements of height and sitting height and staging of pubic hair (Tanner stage) was performed every 6 months. Spermarche occurred early in puberty when the median pubic hair stage was 2.5. Urinary testosterone did not reach maximum levels until approximately 2 years after spermarche. Peak height velocity occurred when urinary testosterone levels were low, 1-2 years before adult levels of testosterone were attained. Our results support the proposition that low levels of testosterone have a predominantly growth-promoting effect, whilst higher concentrations have an inhibitory effect on height spurt.
Single and repeated testing of growth hormone secretory capacity in hypopituitarism using growth hormone releasing factor
Authors: BUTENANDT O. , EMMLINGER M. , DOERR H. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
38 patients with proven growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and 19 children with familial short stature received an iv GRF-bolus injection of 1 ug/kg body weight. Whereas in all control children plasma growth hormone rose significantly (mean of maximal values 36 ng/ml), only 7 out of 38 patients with GHD reached peak values of 8 ng/ml or more. GRF-priming by 1 ug GRF/kg BW given once daily s.c. for 5 days in 19 patients improved the response of the pituitary gland in 11. Thus, following the first GRF test, only 21 % of patients demonstrated function of the pituitary gland whereas 45 % did so when all test results are combined.
To evaluate the pituitary function in patients with GHD correctly, GRF tests following a GRF priming period seems to be necessary to reactivate atrophic somatotropic cells of the pituitary gland.
Oestrogen treatment of adolescent tall girls; short term side effects
Authors: TRYGSTAD OLAV 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
In 1980-1985 680 preadolescent tall girls were treated with pharmacological doses of oestrogen to reduce final height. Indications for the therapy were predicted final height >+2.5 SD (180.75 cm), idiopathic scoliosis, and psychosocial problems. Until 1976 141 girls were given diethyl stilboestrol 5 mg daily. By advice of Prader this was then replaced by ethinyl oestradiol and a progestin was given on days 5-10 each month. The mean duration of therapy was close to 2 years. The observed short-term unwanted effects were due to the pharmacological actions of the drugs, (11 girls had galactorrhoea at the end of therapy; no pituitary prolactionoma was observed) or events happening by chance.
Hypothalamic GnRH-like bioactivity and immunoreactivity in prepubertal and adult male rats
Authors: BOURGUIGNON J.P. , FRANCHIMONT P. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
In prepubertal (21-days old) and adult (50-days old) male rats, the immunological and biological properties of GnRH-like material extracted from the hypothalamus were studied. At both ages, hypothalamic material and synthetic GnRH resulted in a parallel inhibition of the binding of labelled GnRH to 2 different anti-GnRH antisera (As I and As II). Using both antisera, a similar amount of immunoreactivity was measured in several extracts from 50-day hypothalami. In contrast, hypothalamic extracts obtained at 21 days contained a greater immunoreactivity using As II than using As I. This discrepancy was only observed with the hypothalamic content whereas the immunoreactivity released in vitro was similar with the two antisera at both ages studied. Filtration of hypothalamic extracts on biogel P2 revealed two immunoreactive fractions, the major one being eluted as the synthetic decapeptide and showing a similar immunoreactivity using both antisera. A high molecular weight fraction was proportionally predominant in 21-day extracts and showed a greater immunoreactivity using As II than using As I. The biopotency of the hypothalamic extracts upon rat pituitary cells in vitro was similar at the two ages but around 30 times higher than the bioactivity expected for the immunoreactivity. We conclude that the heterogeneous physicochemical and immunological nature of hypothalamic GnRH is different before and after sexual maturation in the male rat, whereas the bioactivity, although much greater than expected, is similar at both ages.
Frequency of hypoglycemia in children with adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Artavia-Loria E. , Chaussain J.L. , Bougnères P.F. , Job J.C. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The frequency of hypoglycemia in 165 children with primary adrenal insufficiency, 118 of whom had Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and 47 Addison's Disease, was 18 %. Half of the hypoglycemic episodes occurred in the neonatal period. Hypoglycemia was isolated in 13 children, revealing the disease in 4 newborns with Congenital Adrenal Hypoplasia and in a boy with 11 B Hydroxylase deficiency.
Basal plasma cortisol levels were significantly lower in those of subjects who experienced hypoglycemia ( 47.1 ± 28.6 ng/ml vs. 106.0 ± 86.6 ng/ml, p< 0.001). A significant correlation ( p < 0.001) was found between the plasma concentration of glucose and cortisol at time of hypoglycemia.
Primary adrenocortical insufficiency in childhood
Authors: RONGEN-WESTERLAKEN C. , DROP S.L.S. , VAN DEN ANKER J.N. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARY
Seven patients with primary glucocorticoid or glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiency are described with emphasis on the clinical presentation and laboratory investigations. Two patients presented with irreversible shock and at autopsy adrenal tissue was recognized only microscopically. In 3 patients adrenal antibodies were present. One girl had the polyglandular autoimmune disorder type I and one boy had glucocorticoid deficiency only. The histories of the patients illustrate that the presenting symptoms of primary adrenocortical insufficiency are very insiduous and that it may take several years before the correct diagnosis is made and hydrocortisone substitution therapy is instituted.
Compensatory growth after HLA-typing revelation of incorrect diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Sobel Edna H. , Hahm Sue Y.E. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
A 9 1/2 year old boy had been treated for complete 21-hydroxylase deficiency from infancy. That diagnosis was excluded by HLA-typing of family members who wished to know their carrier status. Withdrawal of replacement therapy was very well tolerated. The patient showed distinct compensatory growth and for the first time was free of crises of adrenal insufficiency.
This instance demonstrates an unexpected application of HLA-typing. It also shows that an amount of hydrocortisone too small to give any clinical evidence of overdose can impede growth. Furthermore, it provides reassurance that adrenocortical function can recover completely after many years of treatment with exogenous steroids.
Why do children with diabetes die?
Authors: Scibilia J , Finegold D , Dorman J , Becker D , Drash A 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
While the treatment of children with Type I diabetes mellitus has dramatically improved since the introduction of insulin in 1922, significant acute mortality still remains. To better ascertain the causes of death in younger children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus, a retrospective review was undertaken of diabetes associated mortality in the patient population followed at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh between the years 1950 and 1985. Fifty-five deaths were identified of which 20 occurred during the initial presentation of diabetes and 35 occurred between 2 months and 11 years following the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was associated with 64% of the total mortality with 85% of the early onset and 54% of the late onset deaths being ketoacidosis related. Of these ketoacidosis associated deaths, cerebral edema was documented in 31%, or 20% of the total group mortality. Non ketoacidosis deaths in both early and late onset groups were caused by heterogeneous events. There were no deaths associated with the traditional late vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Since diabetic ketoacidosis is a potentially preventable acute complication of diabetes mellitus and represented a predominant cause of mortality in these children, early recognition and prompt treatment might substantially reduce childhood mortality in patients with Type I diabetes mellitus.
Sixty children with congenital hypothyroidism detected by neonatal thyroid: Mental development at 1,4, and 7 years: a longitudinal study
Authors: ILLIG R. , LARGO R.H. , WEBER M. , AUGSBURGER TH. , LIPP A. , WISSLER D. , PERRENOUD A.E. , TORRESANI T. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
A prospective study of mental development has been carried out in 60 unselected children with congenital hypothyroidism (C.H.) detected between 1976 and February 1985. Treatment with 1-thyroxin was initiated at the age of 10.4 + 2.5 days and supervised by T4 and TSH monitoring in 3-6 monthly intervals. Although clinical signs were mild or missing, skeletal maturation was prenatal in more than half. Developmental testing was carried out at 1, 4 and 7 years by the Brunet-Lezine (n=60), the non-verbal Snijders-0omen (n=40), and the german version of the Wechsler intelligence test (n=20), respectively. The global DQ/IQ in all but a few children at each age group are within the 3rd and 97th percentile of the DQ/IQ distribution in a control group tested during the same period of time. The mean values of all global and subscores, however, are lower than that one in the control group, differences being highly significant at 1 year. In 21 of our 60 children, associated findings and/or risk factors were present. The DQ/IQ in children without risk factors are identical to that of the control group. There are no significant DQ/IQ differences neither between athyroidism and ectopic thyroid glands, nor between prenatal bone age and normal skeletal maturation at diagnosis. We assumethat the favourable results in our children with C.H. may be ascribed to the early onset of thyroid hormone replacement and the strictly controlled compliance.