bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myelopoiesis in spleen‐producing distinct dendritic‐like cells
Authors: Tan Jonathan K. H. , O’Neill Helen C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDendritic cells (DC) represent a heterogeneous class of antigen presenting cells (APC). Previously we reported a distinct myeloid dendritic‐like cell present in spleen, as an in vivo counterpart to cells produced in murine spleen long‐term cultures (LTC‐DC). These cells, named ‘L‐DC’, were found to be functionally and phenotypically distinct from conventional (c)DC, plasmacytoid (p)DC and monocytes. These results suggested that spleen may represent a niche for development of L‐DC from endogenous progenitors. Adult murine spleen has now been investigated for the presence of L‐DC progenitors. Lineage‐negative (Lin)−ckitlo and Lin−ckithi progenitor subsets were identified as candidate populations, and tested for ability to produce L‐DC; in vitro upon co‐culture with the spleen stromal line STX3, and in vivo after adoptive therapy into mice. Both subsets colonized STX3 stroma in vitro for L‐DC production, indicating that they contained either a common or two distinct progenitors for L‐DC. However, only the Lin−ckithi subset gave progeny cells after adoptive transfer into lethally irradiated mice. In vivo development was however multilineage and not restricted to L‐DC development. Multilineage reconstitution reflects long‐term reconstituting haematopoietic stem cells (LT‐HSC), suggesting a close relationship between L‐DC progenitors and LT‐HSC. L‐DC were however produced in vivo in much higher number than monocytes/macrophages and cDC, indicating the presence of a specific L‐DC progenitor within the Lin−ckithi subset. A model is advanced for development of L‐DC directly from haematopoietic progenitors in spleen and dependent on the spleen microenvironment.
Meta‐analysis of structural MRI studies in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder indicates treatment effects
Authors: Frodl T. , Skokauskas N. 
Published: November 2011

Frodl T, Skokauskas N. Meta‐analysis of structural MRI studies in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder indicates treatment effects.Objective:  About 50–80% of ADHD cases have been found to persist into adulthood, but ADHD symptoms change with age. The aim of this study was to perform a meta‐analysis of MRI voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and manual tracing studies to identify the differences between adults and children with ADHD as well as between treated and untreated individuals.Method:  Several databases were searched using keywords ‘attention‐deficit and MRI’, ‘ADHD and MRI’. Gray matter volumes from VBM studies and caudate volumes from tracing studies of patients and controls were analyzed using signed differential mapping.Results:  Meta‐analyses detected reduced right globus pallidus and putamen volumes in VBM studies as well as decreased caudate volumes in manual tracing studies in children with ADHD. Adult patients with ADHD showed volume reduction in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). A higher percentage of treated participants were associated with less changes.Conclusion:  Basal ganglia regions like the right globus pallidus, the right putamen, and the nucleus caudatus are structurally affected in children with ADHD. These changes and alterations in limbic regions like ACC and amygdala are more pronounced in non‐treated populations and seem to diminish over time from child to adulthood. Treatment seems to have positive effects on brain structure.
Nurse practitioner attitudes and treatment practices for childhood overweight: How do rural and urban practitioners differ?
Authors: Hessler Karen , Siegrist Mary 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPurpose: Pediatric overweight and obesity has become an epidemic problem of our nation. Nurse practitioners (NPs) are exposed to overweight pediatric patients on a regular basis. The purpose of this study was to investigate NP attitudes toward pediatric overweight and obesity and explore their current diagnosis and treatment practices. Differences between rural and urban NPs were also investigated.Data sources: Survey data were gathered from 1088 family and pediatric NPs from the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners member list randomly. Only family and pediatric NPs were included in the sample.Conclusions: NPs in the sample believed that pediatric overweight and obesity are problems in need of treatment, but also reported not assessing and diagnosing the condition per current guidelines. Initiation of treatment was reported at very low rates. Rural NPs reported having fewer referral resources than urban NPs.Implications for practice: NPs are in an ideal position to properly assess, diagnose, and treat pediatric overweight and obesity. The findings suggest that more education on these topics is necessary for NPs. Rural NPs reported fewer referral services, and may need to have more knowledge about how to provide obesity treatment services in their own practice settings due to this disparity.
Use of porcine small intestinal submucosa for corneal reconstruction in dogs and cats: 106 cases
Authors: Goulle F. 
Published: November 2011

Objectives: To describe the efficacy of porcine small intestinal submucosa in corneal reconstructive surgery in dogs and cats through a large retrospective study.Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 106 cases of surgical reconstruction of the cornea with small intestinal submucosa seen between May 2005 and January 2010 was carried out. The corneal defect was filled by microsurgical grafting of porcine small intestinal submucosa. The biomaterial implant was deposited in one or several layers depending on the depth of the defect. The animals were examined 3, 6 and 12 weeks after surgery.Results: Vision was preserved in all eyes at three months post‐surgery. In 74 cases (69.8%) the corneal scar was either transparent or discrete, whilst in 32 cases (30.2%) a mild or marked scar was observed. Minor complications occurred in 9 cases (8.5%) with partial integration of the small intestinal submucosa and in 24 cases (22.6%) with faint or mild corneal pigmentation, without impairing vision. In cases followed over a period longer than three months, major complications occurred in five dogs resulting in vision impairment because of pronounced pigmentation.ClinicalSignificance: Corneal grafting of porcine small intestinal submucosa is an effective method for corneal reconstruction resulting in corneal transparency in most cases. It is an excellent alternative to conventional conjunctival grafts.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Two Borrelia afzelii and Two Borrelia garinii Lyme Disease Agent Isolates
Authors: Casjens Sherwood R. , Mongodin Emmanuel F. , Qiu Wei-Gang , Dunn John J. , Luft Benjamin J. , Fraser-Liggett Claire M. , Schutzer Steve E. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTHuman Lyme disease is commonly caused by several species of spirochetes in theBorreliagenus. In Eurasia these species are largelyBorrelia afzelii,B. garinii,B. burgdorferi, andB. bavariensissp. nov. Whole-genome sequencing is an excellent tool for investigating and understanding the influence of bacterial diversity on the pathogenesis and etiology of Lyme disease. We report here the whole-genome sequences of four isolates from two of theBorreliaspecies that cause human Lyme disease,B. afzeliiisolates ACA-1 and PKo andB. gariniiisolates PBr and Far04.
Complete Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Strain CIP 52.97, Isolated from a Horse in Kenya
Authors: Cerdeira Louise Teixeira , Schneider Maria Paula Cruz , Pinto Anne Cybelle , de Almeida Sintia Silva , dos Santos Anderson Rodrigues , Barbosa Eudes Guilherme Vieira , Ali Amjad , Aburjaile Flávia Figueira , de Abreu Vinicius Augusto Carvalho , Guimarães Luis Carlos , Soares Siomar de Castro , Dorella Fernanda Alves , Rocha Flávia Souza , Bol Erick , Gomes de Sá Pablo Henrique Caracciolo , Lopes Thiago Souza , Barbosa Maria Silvanira , Carneiro Adriana Ribeiro , Jucá Ramos Rommel Thiago , Coimbra Nilson Antônio da Rocha , Lima Alex Ranieri Jerônimo , Barh Debmalya , Jain Neha , Tiwari Sandeep , Raja Rathiram , Zambare Vasudeo , Ghosh Preetam , Trost Eva , Tauch Andreas , Miyoshi Anderson , Azevedo Vasco , Silva Artur 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTIn this work, we report the whole-genome sequence ofCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisbv. equi strain CIP 52.97 (Collection Institut Pasteur), isolated in 1952 from a case of ulcerative lymphangitis in a Kenyan horse, which has evidently caused significant losses to agribusiness. Therefore, obtaining this genome will allow the detection of important targets for postgenomic studies, with the aim of minimizing problems caused by this microorganism.
Why Does the Plague of Darkness Last for Three Days? Source Ascription and Literary Motif in Exodus 10:21-23, 27
Authors: Stackert >Jeffrey 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This article addresses the question of source ascription for the plague of darkness in Exod 10:21-23, 27. It argues that attention to the specific content of this episode, and especially its indication of a three-day duration for the darkness, ties it to Exod 6:9-12, Moses’s initial interaction with the Israelites in the pentateuchal Priestly source (P). Beyond style or form, the darkness plague plays an essential role in the Priestly plot and for this reason may be confidently assigned to P.
Canadian Policy Towards Bangladesh: How Does the North Look at the South?
Authors: Haider Zaglul 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The goal of the paper is to analyze the Canadian policy towards Bangladesh. In this paper I argue that Canadian approach towards Bangladesh was different in different phases of history. In the liberation war of Bangladesh Canada played a role that went against the interest of Bangladesh and suited with the triple alliance of the US-Pakistan and China. Against the backdrop of Cold War politics, Canadian policy demonstrated the reflection of her national interest. In the dawn of the independence of Bangladesh in the early 1970’s Canada revised its policy, immediately recognized the new nation and supported Bangladesh’s admission in to the Commonwealth, the United Nations and other international organizations. Since the threshold of Bangladesh’s journey Canada emerged as a development partner of the new nation. Apart from significant aid, Canada also provided immigration facilities to the Bangladeshis. All these are consistent with its national interest. I also focus on the Canadian concerns over the violation of human rights and poor governance that gradually eroded the image of Bangladesh among the Canadian policy makers. Finally, I suggest a way out to improve relations between the two countries of the ‘North’ and ‘South’.
Old Wine in New Bottle: Civil Society, Iko Mmee and Conflict Management in Southeastern Nigeria*
Authors: Onwuzuruigbo Ifeanyi 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Africa boils on account of intractable communal conflicts. Strategies adopted to manage the conflicts conform to western approaches of conflict management. Traditional forms of conflict resolution have been rarely applied. This has prompted emphasis on traditional tools of conflict management. Drawing from interviews and archival documents, this paper focuses on the deployment of iko mmee ritual by local civil society organizations in managing the Aguleri and Umuleri communal conflicts in Nigeria. It catalogues the failure of western models, explains the principles underlying iko mmee and how iko mmee was able to facilitate peace in the communities.
Establishing Indigeneity in African Pluralities using PRO169 Parameters and a Case Study for Measuring their Inclusivity*
Authors: Gagnon Jean-Paul 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The concept of the indigenous person or group in Africa is a contentious one. The current argument is that there exist no indigenous people in Africa because all Africans are indigenous. The obverse considers those Africans who have not been touched by colonialism and lost their pre-nation state social structures commensurate with attachments to the lands or a distinguishable lifestyle to be indigenous. This paper argues in favour of the latter. People who live in the global telos and do not participate in a distinct social structure that has been attached to the land before the advent of nation-states are not indigenous. It is argued that this cultural divergence between global consumerism and indigenous pre-nation state social structures is the major identifying point to settle the indigenous/non indigenous African debate. Finally, the paper looks at inclusive development and provides a new political analysis model for quantifying inclusivity so as to measure the inclusivity of indigenous peoples.
Reconciliation and Conceptual Complexity: The Case of Post Conflict Kenya
Authors: Ishiyama John , Backstrom Jeremy 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This paper examines the level of conceptual complexity illustrated by members of the Kenyan parliament following the end of civil conflict that had been precipitated by the contested December 2007 presidential and parliamentary elections. Who is more likely to engage in rhetoric that is more complex (and hence more reconciliatory) the opposition or the governing party?: Ministers or other MPs? Using machine coded text analysis of parliamentary debates over the proposed reconciliation government in March 2008, we find that complexity scores were lower among representatives of the parties that were the principal protagonists in the civil conflict and lower among ministers of government than were representatives from other parties or non ministerial members of parliament.
Logique aristotélicienne et kalām ʿalā-l-naṣārā : la réponse à Abū Qurra dans le Muġnī de ʿAbd al-Ğabbār
Authors: Boudignon Christian 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Ending his refutation of Christian theology in al-Muġnī fī abwāb al-tawḥīd wa-l-ʿadl (written between 361-380/971-990), ʿAbd al-Ğabbār assumes the reasons given by an unknown author against Abū Qurra, bishop of Ḥarrān (d. ca 210/825). According to Abū Qurra, God needs an eternal Son in order to have an equal to “dominate”, lest he should be deprived of honor and sovereignty. The unknown author laughs at this need of a subject God and Son, and argues throughout against this thought out of the Aristotelian category of “relative”. ʿAbd al-Ğabbār’s text, compared to Abū Qurra’s two treatises on this theme, shows up that it may be based on a lost Arabic treatise (known today through its Greek translation). The unknown author might be the theologian al-Murdār (m. 226/840), whose treatise Against Abū Qurra is recorded by al-Nadīm.
The ‘Arab Spring’ and the Extraordinary Influx of People who Arrived in Italy from North Africa
Authors: Nascimbene Bruno , Di Pascale Alessia 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The ‘Arab spring’ which spread in early 2011 and the consequent exceptional influx of people that arrived on the Italian coasts from North Africa put the national reception and asylum systems under particular pressure, also raising the debate on the status to be attributed to these people. Faced with a situation out of the ordinary, Italy immediately addressed a request for help to the European Union, which has revealed the difference of views and mistrust existing between Member States in relation to these issues. This episode also calls into question the scope and effectiveness of the EU migration management framework, particularly in case of strong and unexpected pressure, and its implementation in a true spirit of solidarity.
Systematic Theology at the Grassroots – an Oxymoron or a Way to the Future? A Story of Combining Anthropological Methods and a Systematic Theological Approach
Authors: Hankela Elina 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This study explores the challenges and possibilities of using anthropological research methods in constructive systematic theology and ethics. This analysis is approached through a discussion of the methodological choices that the author has made in conducting her PhD research in an area that lacks the sources that are traditionally affiliated with systematic theology, written texts and documents. Aligning with a liberation theological call for listening to the voice of grassroots communities that may offer academia and society insights into promoting social justice, this study suggests that a gap that still exists between much of mainstream Western systematic theology and the liberation and postcolonial paradigms should be replaced by a critical, constructive dialogue. It is argued that as the center of gravity of Christianity has shifted to the Global South, Western academia needs to recognize the epistemological and methodological insights of theologians from the South. This analysis then continues to discuss the agency of a researcher who collects her or his data in the midst of a living community. In agreement with scholars such as Said and Appiah, this study highlights the subjective nature of any research and the need for the researcher to be aware of the factors that influence his or her perception. On a more practical level, the concepts of the Praxis Cycle and Grounded Theory as frameworks are introduced and demonstrated that these are of help in creating a functional way of combining anthropological and systematic theological approaches in order to do theology from below.
Fast Synthesis of Highly Dispersed Anatase TiO2 Nanocrystals in a Microfluidic Reactor
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Yaogang , Zhang Qinghong , Shi Guoying , Wang Hongzhi 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
An environmentally benign route has been developed to synthesize monodispersive anatase TiO2 nanocrystals in organic solvent. The water-soluble peroxotitanium acid (PTA) was used as the precursor, which made the reaction practicable and facile in the microfluidic reactor. The perfectly crystallized anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with a mean diameter of about 5.0 nm were obtained via a microfluidic reactor with a time as short as one or two minutes.
Interleukin‐6 Gene Promoter Methylation in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Ishida Kohei , Kobayashi Tetsuo , Ito Satoshi , Komatsu Yasutaka , Yokoyama Tomoko , Okada Moe , Abe Asami , Murasawa Akira , Yoshie Hiromasa 
Published: November 2011

Background: Methylation status of the cytokine genes may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic periodontitis (CP). This study was undertaken to evaluate whether the DNA methylation profile of the interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) gene promoter was unique to individuals with RA and CP.Methods: The study participants consisted of 30 patients with RA, 30 patients with CP, and 30 age‐, sex‐, and smoking status–balanced healthy controls. Genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood was modified by sodium bisulfite and analyzed for DNA methylation levels of IL‐6 gene with direct sequencing. Levels of IL‐6 were determined by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: The region of IL‐6 gene promoter from −1200 to +27 bp was shown to contain 19 CpG motifs. The methylation levels of the CpG motif at −74 bp were significantly lower in patients with RA and CP than those in controls (P = 0.0001). Both levels of serum IL‐6 and IL‐6 production by mononuclear cells were significantly different between individuals with and without the methylation at −74 bp (P = 0.03). The +19 bp motif exhibited differential levels of the methylation among the groups, which was not associated with serum levels of IL‐6. The other 17 CpG motifs exhibited comparable levels of the methylation between the groups.Conclusion: These results suggest that hypomethylated status of a single CpG in the IL‐6 promoter region may lead to increased levels of serum IL‐6, implicating a role in the pathogenesis of RA and CP.
Enamel Matrix Protein Adsorption to Root Surfaces in the Presence or Absence of Human Blood
Authors: Miron Richard J. , Bosshardt Dieter D. , Laugisch Oliver , Katsaros Christos , Buser Daniel , Sculean Anton 
Published: November 2011

Background: The clinical use of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been shown to promote formation of new cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL), and bone and to significantly enhance the clinical outcomes after regenerative periodontal surgery. It is currently unknown to what extent the bleeding during periodontal surgery may compete with EMD adsorption to root surfaces. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of blood interactions on EMD adsorption to root surfaces mimicking various clinical settings and to test their ability to influence human PDL cell attachment and proliferation.Methods: Teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were subjected to ex vivo scaling and root planing and treated with 24% EDTA, EMD, and/or human blood in six clinically related settings to determine the ability of EMD to adsorb to root surfaces. Surfaces were analyzed for protein adsorption via scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining with an anti‐EMD antibody. Primary human PDL cells were seeded on root surfaces and quantified for cell attachment and cell proliferation.Results: Plasma proteins from blood samples altered the ability of EMD to adsorb to root surfaces on human teeth. Samples coated with EMD lacking blood demonstrated a consistent even layer of EMD adsorption to the root surface. In vitro experiments with PDL cells demonstrated improved cell attachment and proliferation in all samples coated with EMD (irrespective of EDTA) when compared to samples containing human blood.Conclusion: Based on these findings, it is advised to minimize blood interactions during periodontal surgeries to allow better adsorption of EMD to root surfaces.
Role of p38 Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide–Induced VCAM‐1 Expression in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
Authors: Liu Bin , Cheng Lan , Liu DaLi , Wang Jia , Zhang XiuLi , Shu Rong , Liang JingPing 
Published: November 2011

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been reported to induce the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) in vascular endothelial cells. This finding suggests the potential roles for Pg in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism involved in Pg LPS‐induced VCAM‐1 production in endothelial cells remains unclear.Methods: Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used, respectively, to investigate the mRNA expression and protein production of VCAM‐1 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) induced by Pg LPS. The involvement of the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) cell signaling pathway in VCAM‐1 expression was investigated by assays with specific inhibitors.Results: Pg LPS–induced expression in HAECs of VCAM‐1 occurred in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. In addition, the p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB 203580) significantly attenuated Pg LPS–induced VCAM‐1 expression.Conclusion: Activation of p38 MAPK is at least partially involved in Pg LPS–induced VCAM‐1 expression in HAECs, which may contribute to the acceleration of atherosclerosis.