bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving teamwork between students from two professional programmes in dental education
Authors: Leisnert L. , Karlsson M. , Franklin I. , Lindh L. , Wretlind K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn Sweden, the National Board of Health and Welfare forecasts a decrease in dentists with 26% and an increase in dental hygienists with 47% until the year of 2023. This, together with changes in both epidemiology, especially of dental caries, and political priorities, calls for an effective and well‐developed cooperation between dentists and dental hygienists in future dentistry. Hence, the aim of this project was to investigate whether highlighting teamwork during the undergraduate studies of dental students and dental hygiene students could improve the students’ holistic view on patients as well as their knowledge of and insight into each other’s future professions. Thirty‐four dental students and 24 dental hygiene students participated in the study. At the beginning of their final year in undergraduate education, a questionnaire testing the level of knowledge of the dental hygienists’ clinical competences was completed by both groups of students. In addition, activities intending to improve teamwork quality included the following: (i) a seminar with a dentist representing the Public Dental Health Services in Sweden, (ii) dental students as supervisors for dental hygiene students, (iii) planning and treatment for shared patients and (iv) students’ presentations of the treatments and their outcomes at a final seminar. The project was ended by the students answering the above‐mentioned questionnaire for the second time, followed by an evaluation of the different activities included in the study. The knowledge of dental hygienists’ competences showed higher scores in almost all questions. Both groups of students considered the following aspects important: seminars with external participants, dental students acting as supervisors and planning and treating shared patients. By initiating and encouraging teamwork between dental students and dental hygiene students, it is possible to increase knowledge on dental hygienists’ competence and also to develop and strengthen a holistic view on patients and dental work, thereby preparing both groups of students for their professional life.
Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors increase the production of vascular endothelial growth factor by periodontal fibroblasts
Authors: Agis H. , Watzek G. , Gruber R. 
Published: September 2011

Agis H, Watzek G, Gruber R. Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors increase the production of vascular endothelial growth factor by periodontal fibroblasts. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 165–173. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  Pharmacological inhibitors of prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) can induce a proangiogenic response that favors wound healing and bone regeneration. However, the response of periodontal cells to PHD inhibitors is unknown.Material and Methods:  To determine the effects of PHD inhibitors on periodontal cells, we exposed human fibroblasts from the gingiva and the periodontal ligament to dimethyloxallyl glycine, desferrioxamine, l‐mimosine and CoCl2. Viability, proliferation, and protein synthesis were assessed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), [3H]thymidine, and [3H]leucine incorporation, respectively. The levels of Ki67, hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α), p27, phosphorylated c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphorylated p38 were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA levels were measured by quantitative PCR. Protein levels of VEGF and interleukin (IL)‐6 were evaluated by immunoassays.Results:  We found that PHD inhibitors, while leaving cell viability unchanged, reduced proliferation and protein synthesis. This was paralleled by decreased Ki67 levels and increased p27 levels, suggesting that PHD inhibitors provoke growth arrest. Independently from this response, PHD inhibitors stabilized HIF‐1α and increased the production of VEGF. This increase of VEGF was observed in the presence of proinflammatory IL‐1 and pharmacological inhibitors of JNK and p38 signaling. Moreover, PHD inhibitors did not modulate expression of IL‐6 and the phosphorylation of JNK and p38.Conclusion:  These results suggest that PHD inhibitors enhance the production of VEGF in periodontal fibroblasts, even in the presence of proinflammatory IL‐1. The data further suggest that PHD inhibitors do not provoke a significant proinflammatory or anti‐inflammatory response in this in vitro setting.
Multimodality Animal Rotation Imaging System (MARS) for In Vivo Detection of Intraperitoneal Tumors
Authors: Pizzonia John , Holmberg Jennie , Orton Sean , Alvero Ayesha , Viteri Oscar , Mclaughlin William , Feke Gil , Mor Gil 
Published: September 2011

Citation Pizzonia J, Holmberg J, Orton S, Alvero A, Viteri O, Mclaughlin W, Feke G, Mor G. Multimodality animal rotation imaging system (MARS) for in vivo detection of intraperitoneal tumors. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 67: 84–90Problem  Ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) have been postulated as the potential source of recurrence and chemoresistance. Therefore identification of OvCSC and their complete removal is a pivotal stage for the treatment of ovarian cancer. The objective of the following study was to develop a new in vivo imaging model that allows for the detection and monitoring of OCSCs.Method of Study  OCSCs were labeled with X‐Sight 761 Nanospheres and injected intra‐peritoneally (i.p.) and sub‐cutaneously (s.c.) to Athymic nude mice. The Carestream In‐Vivo Imaging System FX was used to obtain X‐ray and, concurrently, near‐infrared fluorescence images. Tumor images in the mouse were observed from different angles by automatic rotation of the mouse.Results  X‐Sight 761 Nanospheres labeled almost 100% of the cells. No difference on growth rate was observed between labeled and unlabeled cells. Tumors were observed and monitoring revealed strong signaling up to 21 days.Conclusion  We describe the use of near‐infrared nanoparticle probes for in vivo imaging of metastatic ovarian cancer models. Visualization of multiple sites around the animals was enhanced with the use of the Carestream Multimodal Animal Rotation System.
Caesarean section: impact on mother and child
Authors: Boutsikou T , Malamitsi‐Puchner A 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMaternal/foetal morbidity/mortality consequent to uterine rupture, placenta previa/increta and stillbirth may occur in repeat caesarean section (CS). Elective CS before 39 weeks increases respiratory complications, hypoglycaemia, sepsis and intensive care unit admissions. Different gut colonization in neonates born by CS accounts for increased incidence of food allergy, asthma and possibly type 1 diabetes. Epigenetic changes might be responsible – among others – for childhood malignancies.Conclusion:  Decision for primary CS should take into consideration possible maternal/neonatal complications.
Anaemia among Egyptian Children between 2000 and 2005: trends and predictors
Authors: Austin Anne M. , Fawzi Wafaie , Hill Allan G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAnaemia remains the most prevalent nutritional disorder among women and children in the Middle East and North Africa region. We examined anaemia trends using data from the Egyptian Demographic and Health Surveys. Between 2000 and 2005, the prevalence of anaemia (defined as haemoglobin concentrations <11 g dL−1) increased from 37.04% to over 52% among Egyptian children between 12 months and 36 months of age. We examined the associations of these changes with food consumption, vitamin A administration, recent illness, immunization status, socio‐demographic factors and a child's anaemic status. Children under the age of 24 months who had recently been sick and those who resided in Upper Egypt were significantly more likely to be anaemic. Despite significant improvements in water and sanitation facilities, maternal education and asset‐based household wealth, there were marked declines in the consumption of nutritive foods and increases in the prevalence of childhood diarrhoea between 2000 and 2005. Placing these analyses in the broader context of Egyptian economic trends suggests that the nutritional basket consumed by Egyptian households between 2000 and 2005 may have shifted towards less nutritive foods with lower costs per calorie, probably in response to economic difficulties and increasing food prices. Shifts in dietary consumption, in conjunction with increases in diarrhoea, are likely contributing to the rapid increase in childhood anaemia in Egypt between 2000 and 2005. National‐level fortification efforts may be one way to combat rising levels of anaemia among Egyptian women and children.
Attitudes to and knowledge about oral health care among nursing home personnel – an area in need of improvement
Authors: Wårdh Inger , Jonsson Margareta , Wikström Maude 
Published: September 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00562.x

Attitudes to and knowledge about oral health care among nursing home personnel – an area in need of improvementBackground:  In 1999, a dental reform became law in Sweden that regulated both dental care to dependent individuals and training in oral health care for nursing home personnel. Substantial resources have been channelled into these efforts, but the outcome of these efforts has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to explore attitudes to and knowledge about oral health care among nursing home personnel more than 5 years after the law was adopted, that being 2005.Methods:  A total of 454 individuals employed at nursing homes answered a questionnaire of 16 multiple‐choice items concerning attitudes to and knowledge about oral health care.Results:  Eighty‐nine per cent considered oral health care to be an important part of good nursing. The answers indicated problems, however, when it came to its implementation and knowledge, and 35% stated that they had had no formal education in oral health care.Conclusions:  Despite generally positive oral health care attitudes, it is important that oral health care education is available to and made of interest for all nursing home personnel, especially in light of the increase in number of natural teeth and frequency of crowns and bridges among dependent elderly.
Non-radial superfluid modes in oscillating neutron stars
Authors: Chugunov A. I. , Gusakov M. E. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT
For the first time, non-radial oscillations of superfluid non-rotating stars are self-consistently studied at finite stellar temperatures. We apply a realistic equation of state and realistic density-dependent model of critical temperature of neutron and proton superfluidity. In particular, we discuss three-layer configurations of a star with no neutron superfluidity at the centre and in the outer region of the core but with a superfluid intermediate region. We show that oscillation spectra contain a set of modes whose frequencies can be very sensitive to temperature variations. Fast temporal evolution of the pulsation spectrum in the course of neutron star cooling is also analysed.
3+1 magnetodynamics
Authors: Komissarov S. S. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT
The magnetodynamics, or force-free degenerate electrodynamics, is recognized as a very useful approximation in studies of magnetospheres of relativistic stars. In this Letter, we discuss various forms of the magnetodynamic equations which can be used to study magnetospheres of black holes. In particular, we focus on the 3+1 equations which allow for curved and dynamic space–time.
Canada's Budget Triumph
Authors: Henderson David R. 
Published: September 2011

In the mid‐1990s Canada's federal government, concerned about a debt‐to‐GDP ratio that was approaching 70%, began a decade‐long policy of cutting government spending. It also increased taxes, but by only one dollar for about every six dollars of spending cuts. The Canadian government cut subsidies to individuals, corporations, and provincial governments while tightening eligibility for unemployment insurance. The government also sold off its holdings of various state‐owned enterprises. One major success was its shifting of air traffic control to NAV Canada, a private, non‐profit user cooperative. This step netted the government $1.4 billion at the outset, saved about $200 million a year in subsidies, and resulted in a technological revolution in air traffic control that has put Canada years ahead of the United States.From 1997 to 2008, Canada's government had an unbroken string of annual budget surpluses; and by 2009, Canada's debt‐to‐GDP ratio had fallen below 30%. Starting in 2000, the government used some of what otherwise would have been surplus to cut taxes on individuals and corporations. The corporate tax rate was cut in stages from 28% in 2000 to 21% by 2004.
The Future of U.S. Infrastructure: Proposals for Progress
Authors: Wahba Sadek 
Published: September 2011

America's transportation, energy, and water systems are in desperate need of maintenance, and new development must be encouraged to secure the country's economic future. This article proposes several far‐reaching but concrete and immediate steps to address these challenges:First, the U.S. must have a clear, comprehensive, long‐term plan for the development and maintenance of the country's infrastructure, one that will raise public awareness and promote new approaches. It should facilitate the development of such a vision at every level of government, with the aim of building consensus and encouraging local solutions.Next, the public sector should build an internal capability for evaluating projects, a centralized clearinghouse of best practices and educational resources to provide regional and local authorities with the information and expertise they need to enlist private investment in appropriate and productive ways. This is particularly true for Public‐Private Partnerships, which are mistakenly viewed by many as a panacea. Without careful scrutiny of such transactions, many will fail to realize the benefits that well‐designed PPPs are expected to deliver.Finally, despite best intentions, little progress has been made on the political front in addressing the crisis. A National Infrastructure Commission charged with assessing the country's needs and resources, identifying best practices, and making long‐term recommendations may be the catalyst needed to get past the gridlock, a driving force that can rise above the politics, draw from the best ideas, and provide a long‐term vision and pathway. To be most effective, the Commission should recruit a broad and nonpartisan membership, lever‐age the work of existing organizations, and provide a united front.
Reducing Vibrio load in Artemia nauplii using antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: a promising strategy to reduce antibiotic application in shrimp larviculture
Authors: Asok Aparna , Arshad Esha , Jasmin C. , Somnath Pai S. , Bright Singh I. S. , Mohandas A. , Anas Abdulaziz 
Published: September 2011

SummaryWe propose antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an alternative strategy to reduce the use of antibiotics in shrimp larviculture systems. The growth of a multiple antibiotic resistant Vibrio harveyi strain was effectively controlled by treating the cells with Rose Bengal and photosensitizing for 30 min using a halogen lamp. This resulted in the death of > 50% of the cells within the first 10 min of exposure and the 50% reduction in the cell wall integrity after 30 min could be attributed to the destruction of outer membrane protein of V. harveyi by reactive oxygen intermediates produced during the photosensitization. Further, mesocosm experiments with V. harveyi and Artemia nauplii demonstrated that in 30 min, the aPDT could kill 78.9% and 91.2% of heterotrophic bacterial and Vibrio population respectively. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that aPDT with its rapid action and as yet unreported resistance development possibilities could be a propitious strategy to reduce the use of antibiotics in shrimp larviculture systems and thereby, avoid their hazardous effects on human health and the ecosystem at large.
Whole‐cell bacterial bioreporter for actively searching and sensing of alkanes and oil spills
Authors: Zhang Dayi , He Yi , Wang Yun , Wang Hui , Wu Lin , Aries Eric , Huang Wei E. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryAcinetobacter baylyi ADP1 was found to tolerate seawater and have a special ability of adhering to an oil–water interface of 10–80 µm emulsified mineral and crude oil droplets. These properties make ADP1 an ideal bacterial chassis for constructing bioreporters that are able to actively search and sense oil spill in water and soils. Acinetobacter baylyi bioreporter ADPWH_alk was developed and applied to the detection of alkanes and alkenes in water, seawater and soils. Bioreporter ADPWH_alk was able to detect a broad range of alkanes and alkenes with carbon chain length from C7 to C36. So far, ADPWH_alk is the only bioreporter that is able to detect alkane with carbon chain length greater than C18. This bioreporter responded to the alkanes in about 30 min and it was independent to the cell growth phase because of two point mutations in alkM promoter recognized by alkane regulatory protein ALKR. ADPWH_alk was applied to detect mineral oil, Brent, Chestnut and Sirri crude oils in water and seawater in the range 0.1–100 mg l−1, showing that the bioreporter oil detection was semi‐quantitative. This study demonstrates that ADPWH_alk is a rapid, sensitive and semi‐quantitative bioreporter that can be useful for environmental monitoring and assessment of oil spills in seawater and soils.
A novel method for screening a vertebrate transcriptome for genes involved in carotenoid binding and metabolism
Authors: POINTER M. A. , PRAGER M. , ANDERSSON S. , MUNDY N. I. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCarotenoid‐based colour signals are widespread in the animal kingdom and common textbook examples of sexually selected traits. Carotenoid pigments must be obtained through the diet as all animals lack the enzymatic machinery necessary to synthesize them from scratch. Once ingested, carotenoids are metabolized, stored, transported and deposited, and some or all of these processes may be limiting for signal production and thus subjected to social or sexual selection on phenotypic coloration. Very little is known about which genes and physiological pathways are involved in carotenoid pigmentation which is unfortunate, as genetic information would allow us to investigate the biochemical consequences of sexual selection. In this study, we present a transcriptome‐screening technique and apply it to a carotenoid‐signalling bird species, the southern red bishop Euplectes orix, to uncover the gene(s) responsible for the conversion of dietary β‐carotene (orange) to canthaxanthin (bright red). The transcriptome, extracted from the liver of a male entering his breeding moult, is expressed within bacterial cells genetically modified to synthesize beta‐carotene. Effects of expressed E. orix proteins on the structure or amount of β‐carotene are initially detected by eye (based on colour change) and subsequently confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Here, we demonstrate the validity of the technique and provide a list of candidate genes involved in the carotenoid pigmentation pathway. We believe that this method could be applied to other species and tissues and that this may help researchers uncover the genetic basis of carotenoid coloration in vertebrates.
The impact of cataract on the quantitative, non‐invasive assessment of retinal blood Flow
Authors: Azizi Behrooz , Wong Tien , Wan Jennifer , Singer Shaun , Hudson Chris 
Published: September 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  The aim of the study was to determine the impact of cataract on the quantitative, non‐invasive assessment of retinal blood flow assessed by bidirectional laser Doppler flowmetry and simultaneous vessel densitometry.Methodology:  Ten patients scheduled for extracapsular cataract extraction using phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation between the ages of 61 and 84 (mean age 73 years, SD ± 8) were prospectively recruited. Two visits were required to complete the study; one visit prior to extracapsular cataract extraction and one at least 6 weeks after the surgery to allow for sufficient postoperative recovery. The severity of cataract was documented using the Lens Opacity Classification System (LOCS, III) at the first visit. Retinal arteriolar hemodynamics were measured at both visits using the high‐intensity setting of the Canon Laser Blood Flowmeter.Results:  All eyes showed no clinical signs of postoperative intraocular inflammation. The quantitative assessment of retinal arteriolar diameter and blood flow were reduced following extracapsular cataract extraction (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, p = 0.022 and p = 0.028, respectively); however, centreline blood velocity was not significantly changed (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, p = 0.074). Intraocular pressure was unchanged pre‐ and postcataract extraction.Conclusions:  Retinal vessel densitometry assessment in the presence of cataract results in the erroneous elevation of the diameter measurement and thereby the calculation of blood flow. The bidirectional Doppler assessment of blood velocity appears to be more robust to light scatter induced by cataract. Care needs to be exercised in the interpretation of studies of retinal vessel diameter or blood flow that utilize similar densitometry techniques.
Nimotuzumab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin as second‐line chemotherapy for advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Hua‐qing , Ren Yangang , Qian Zheng‐zi , Fu Kai , Zhang Hui‐lai , Li Wei , Hou Yun , Zhou Shi‐yong , Hao Xi‐shan , Xie Cong‐hua 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective:  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nimotuzumab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin as second‐line chemotherapy for advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to investigate the association of the status of KRAS gene mutation and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genotype with clinical outcome.Methods:  Twenty‐eight patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled in this single center, uncontrolled pilot clinical study. All the patients developed drug resistance or disease progression after first‐line chemotherapy of either a docetaxel + cisplatin regimen or a vinorelbine + cisplatin regimen and then received nimotuzumab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin as second‐line chemotherapy. Eight cases were stage IIIB and 20 were stage IV. An i.v. dosage regimen of 200 mg of nimotuzumab was given as a single dose, injected into the patient at days 1, 8 and 15; i.v. gemcitabine was injected at a dose of 1000 mg/m2 at days 1 and 8 and cisplatin (25 mg/m2 i.v.) at days 1, 2 and 3. Each patient received four or more therapeutic cycles. The efficacy and toxic reactions were evaluated, as well as time to progression and overall survival.Results:  In total, 28 patients with advanced NSCLC received 101 therapeutic cycles. The mean cycle number was 3.6. Median time to progression was 4.9 (2.5–6.5) months; median overall survival and 1‐year survival rate were 9.8 months and 48.5%, respectively. There was one case of complete response, six cases of partial response, 11 cases of stable disease and 10 cases of progressive disease. Response rate was 25%, and clinical benefit rate was 64.3%. Major toxic reactions were bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal reaction. Only one patient developed grade I acneiform eruption.Conclusion:  Nimotuzumab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin as second‐line chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC was active and well‐tolerated in this setting. Patients with EGFR amplification and KRAS gene wild type had a better prognosis. Prospective, randomized, controlled, large‐scale clinical studies are needed to confirm the results.