bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antineoplastic Agents, 1. Nonhormonal
Authors: Kleemann Axel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Alkylating Agents2.1.Nitrogen Mustard Analogues2.2.Alkyl Sulfonates2.3.Ethylene Imines (Aziridines)2.4.Nitrosoureas2.5.Other Alkylating Agents3.Antimetabolites3.1.Folic Acid Analogues (Folate Antagonists)3.2.Purine Analogues3.3.Pyrimidine Analogues4.Vinca Alkaloids and Derivatives5.Podophyllotoxin Derivatives6.Taxanes7.Other Natural Products and Derivatives8.Anthracyclines and Related Substances9.Other Cytotoxic Antibiotics10.Platinum Compounds11.Methylhydrazines12.Sensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy13.Protein Kinase Inhibitors14.Other Antineoplastic Agents
Lamps
Authors: van den Hoek Willem J. , Luijks Gerardus M. J. F. , Hoelen Christoph G. H. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Light Generation

2.1.

Thermal Radiation from Solids

2.2.

Radiation from Gas Discharges

2.3.

Radiation from Semiconductors (LEDs)

2.4.

Modeling of Lamps

3.

Main Types of Lamps

4.

Lamp Chemistry

4.1.

General

4.2.

Transport Chemistry

4.2.1.

Principles

4.2.2.

Incandescent Lamps

4.2.3.

Halogen Incandescent Lamps

4.2.4.

Metal Halide Lamps

5.

Basic Lamp Materials

5.1.

Metals

5.2.

Glass

5.2.1.

Glass Composition and Glass Types

5.2.2.

Properties

5.2.3.

Glasses for Lamp Types

5.2.4.

Glass‐to‐Metal Seals

5.3.

Polycrystalline Alumina

5.4.

Fluorescent Powders

6.

Special Lamp Materials

6.1.

Getters

6.2.

Amalgams

6.3.

Emitters

6.4.

Cements and Marking Paints

7.

Coatings

8.

Lamp Production

9.

Economic Aspects and Uses
Drying of Solid Materials
Authors: Tsotsas Evangelos , Metzger Thomas , Gnielinski Volker , Schlünder Ernst‐Ulrich 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Theoretical Fundamentals of the Drying Process1.1.Concepts, Definitions1.2.Characteristics of Moist Solids1.3.Drying Curves for ConvectionDrying1.4.Drying Curves for Contact Drying1.5.Drying Curves and Moisture‐Composition Curves for Solids Wetted by Liquid Mixtures2.Drying Methods and Dryer Types2.1.Convection Drying2.1.1.Flowing Gas2.1.2.The Solid is Aerated2.1.3.Large‐Scale Agitation of the Solid2.1.4.The Solid Moves in the Drying Agent2.1.5.The Material is Sprayed2.2.Contact Drying2.2.1.Flat and Strip Materials2.2.2.Low‐Viscosity Materials2.2.3.Pasty Materials2.2.4.Granular Materials2.3.Radiant Heat or Infrared Drying2.4.Dielectric Heating2.5.Vacuum and Freeze Drying3.Selecting, Sizing, and Energy Requirements of Dryers3.1.Choosing the Type of Dryer3.1.1.The Role of the Material Properties of the Solid3.1.2.Production Rate3.1.3.Dryer Ventilation3.2.Sizing the Dryer3.2.1.Batch Dryers3.2.2.Continuous Dryers3.3.Heat and Driving Power Requirements
Sensor‐Based Sorting
Authors: Wotruba Hermann , Harbeck Hartmut 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Description of Functional Blocks

3.

Technology Fundamentals

3.1.

Scanning Techniques

3.2.

Sensor Techniques

3.3.

Detection System Parameters

4.

Applications

4.1.

Applications in Mineral Processing Stages

4.2.

Applications in Mineral Processing and Recycling
Weed Control, 2. Individual Herbicides
Authors: Müller Franz , Applebyki Arnold P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Properties of Herbicides1.1.Diphenyl Ethers1.2.Sulfonylureas1.3.Chloroacetanilides1.4.1,3,5‐Triazines1.5.Ureas1.6.2,6‐Dinitroanilines1.7.Imidazolinones1.8.Phenoxy Compounds1.9.Triazoles1.10.Uracils1.11.Pyridines1.12.(Thio)Carbamates1.13.Organophosphates1.14.Cyclohexene Oximes1.15.(Benzo)nitriles1.16.Triazinones1.17.Amides1.18.Anilides1.19.Benzoic Acids1.20.Quinolinecarboxylic Acids1.21.Benzoylcyclohexanediones1.22.Benzofurans1.23.Dicarboximides1.24.Dinitrophenols1.25.Aliphatic Compounds1.26.Inorganic Compounds1.27.Oxadiazolones1.28.Oxazoles1.29.Pyrazoles1.30.Pyridazines1.31.Pyridazinones1.32.Quaternary Ammonium Compounds1.33.Miscellaneous Compounds2.Toxicology2.1.Diphenyl Ethers2.2.Sulfonylureas2.3.Chloroacetanilides2.4.1,3,5‐Triazines2.5.Ureas2.6.2,6‐Dinitroanilines2.7.Imidazolinones2.8.Phenoxy Compounds2.9.Triazoles2.10.Uracils2.11.Pyridines2.12.(Thio)carbamates2.13.Organophosphorus Compounds2.14.Cyclohexene Oximes2.15.(Benzo)nitriles2.16.Triazinones2.17.Amides2.18.Anilides2.19.Benzoic Acids2.20.Quinolinecarboxylic Acids2.21.Benzoylcyclohexanediones2.22.Benzofurans2.23.Dicarboximides2.24.Dinitrophenol Herbicides2.25.Aliphatic Compounds2.26.Inorganic Compounds2.27.Oxadiazolones2.28.Oxazoles2.29.Pyrazoles2.30.Pyridazines2.31.Pyridazinones2.32.Quaternary Ammonium Compounds2.33.Miscellaneous Compounds
Trauma Within the Walls: Notes Towards a Philosophy of the City
Authors: Benjamin Andrew 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRenowned philosopher and critical theorist Andrew Benjamin provides a framework for thinking about trauma and the city. He returns to Sigmund Freud's definition of trauma as repressed memory and to Aeschylus' formulation of the unmasterable as portrayed in mythical Athens in the Oresteia trilogy. This view of unaccustomed or unpredictable forces, such as civic strife, as ever present and integral to democracy, enables the maintenance of the urban project avoiding repression. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Space‐Time of Pre‐emption: An Interview with Brian Massumi
Authors: Rice Charles 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe philosopher Brian Massumi is known for his explorations of experience, art, media theory and politics and has recently turned his attention to understanding the impact that sustained fear has on perception in a post‐9/11 world. In an interview with guest‐editor Charles Rice, Massumi defines threat by distinguishing it from real danger and how it manifests itself in both civil and military spaces of pre‐emptive action that are primed to the possibilities of attack. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Making Dubai: A Process in Crisis
Authors: Reisz Todd 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe world financial crisis of 2009 brought the onward march of property development in Dubai to a standstill. Todd Reisz describes how the city's PR community responded to the predicament with a cathartic call for honesty and transparency. Reisz, however, questions the consultants' understanding of the Dubai Dream, which though built out of no more than images, is also constructed out of the hopes of the Arab world. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
After the Event: Speculative Projects in the Aftermath
Authors: Spurr Samantha 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWorking on speculative architectural projects in the aftermath of traumatic events requires both fearlessness and sensitivity on the part of the designer. Samantha Spurr describes how architecture studios organised by the University of Technology, Sydney, held in Shenzhen, Berlin and Beirut, have brought students into direct contact with these issues and fragile sites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐Apocalypse Now
Authors: Fisher Mark 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn cinema, the post‐apocalypse has become a recurring theme offering endless opportunities to envisage and keep on reimagining the end of the world as we know it. Here Mark Fisher explores the post‐apocalyptic in Children of Men (2006), The Road (2006) and Terminator Salvation (2009), and asks whether these seminal films point towards a tendency to imagine the end of existence over the end of capitalism. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Eighth Day: God Created the World in Seven Days. This is The Eighth Day
Authors: Chakar Tony 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBeirut‐born architect and writer Tony Chakar describes how the July 2006 Israeli attacks on Beirut prompted memories of the Lebanese War and provided the essential catalyst for producing his work The Eighth Day. Careful not to stipulate prescribed meanings, Chakar delivers the series of images as a lecture that provide luminosity in ‘the space of catastrophe’ where ‘language is undone’. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Figures in the Sand
Authors: Hight Christopher , Robinson Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCoastal regions have become a magnet for recent development and globalisation, most conspicuously with the artificial islands off Dubai. This is a trend that has been offset by natural disasters, such as the tsunami and Hurricane Katrina. Christopher Hight and Michael Robinson describe how the Last Resort design studio at Rice School of Architecture has made its research focus Galveston Island, a nexus of natural, cultural and economic forces. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Urban Complex: Scalar Probabilities and Urban Computation
Authors: Burke Anthony 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGuest‐editor Anthony Burke redefines complexity in relation to the city as ‘a dynamic and luminal organisational condition “growing at the edge of chaos”’ and in so doing shifts our understanding of urban trauma as an event intrinsic to the contribution of the metropolis rather than external to it. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Architecture, Contingency and Crisis: An Interview with Slavoj Žižek
Authors: Lahoud Adrian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe current and popular image of natural disaster disseminated by mass media is one of one‐off catastrophe, the implied view being that these disasters have been exasperated if not instigated by climate change, which needs checking and balancing with sustainable measures. In his interview with Adrian Lahoud, the influential Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Žižek challenges this predominant view of nature as indomitable and temporarily imbalanced; and in so doing questions the fallacy that the ethical and material cost of consumerist lifestyles can be readdressed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On Message: An Interview with Michael Chertoff
Authors: Rice Charles 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFor governments, pre‐emptive strategies for handling communications and risk management have become essential for public perception, which plays such a significant part in structuring political responses to disaster and conflict. In an interview with guest‐editor Charles Rice, former US Secretary of Homeland Security Michael Chertoff highlights the importance of ‘lessons learnt’ and informed anticipation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rebuilding from Below the Bottom: Haiti
Authors: Merkel Jayne , Whitaker Craig 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe devastation of Port‐au‐Prince, Haiti, on 12 January 2010 makes this issue of AD especially pertinent, and the subsequent earthquake in Chile shows that strategies to rebuild after each crisis must be very different. Jayne Merkel and Craig Whitaker argue that, although there is much to be learned from previous disasters, no single response pertains. In Haiti, international architectural talent and expertise are irrelevant ‐ even undesirable ‐ until the social, cultural and political factors that helped devastate this once verdant and prosperous land are better understood. It is important to move slowly at first in order to go faster later. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone‐Like Elastomer‐Toughened Scaffolds with Degradability Kinetics Matching Healing Rates of Injured Bone
Authors: Chen Qi‐Zhi , Quinn Julian M.W. , Thouas George A. , Zhou Xian , Komesaroff Paul A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBiomaterial scaffolds provide a potentially powerful means of creating precisely engineered bone tissue substitutes with appropriate architecture and mechanical properties. Despite many efforts, there are few satisfactory products available for clinical use, and significant challenges remain in the design of smart constructs, especially for mechanically functional scaffolds. For successful long‐term repair of bone, a scaffold must be strong yet have degradation kinetics matching the healing rate of remodeling bone. Here we report a new family of elastomer‐toughened composite scaffolds fabricated from poly(glycerol sebacate) and Bioglass®. These synthetic scaffolds have very similar mechanical properties to that of cancellous bone of the same porosity, and exhibit a mechanically steady state over an extended period in a physiologic environment. The second feature is of great importance to bone tissue engineering, where a lag phase of degradation following implantation is highly desirable in order to provide support to the damaged or fragmented bone tissue. This work shows that a mechanically smart construct with the three‐stage profile (lag, log, and plateau phases) of ideal degradation kinetics in mechanical function is achievable with synthetic biomaterials.
2‐tert‐Butylimino‐2‐diethylamino‐1,3‐dimethylperhydro‐1,3,2‐ diazaphosphorine Supported on Polystyrene (PS‐BEMP) as an Efficient Recoverable and Reusable Catalyst for the Phenolysis of Epoxides under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Zvagulis Artis , Bonollo Simona , Lanari Daniela , Pizzo Ferdinando , Vaccaro Luigi 
Published: September 2010

Abstract2‐tert‐Butylimino‐2‐diethylamino‐1,3‐dimethylperhydro‐1,3,2‐diazaphosphorine supported on polystyrene (PS‐BEMP) is an efficient catalyst for the ring‐opening of epoxides with phenols (1.0 equiv.). Excellent yields have been obtained and in most of the cases the final products have been isolated in pure form without any additional purification step. E‐factors associated to this protocol are small and further improvements were obtained by setting a cyclic continuous‐flow reactor operating under solvent‐free conditions (SolFC) that allowed us to minimize waste and reduce the E‐factor by 95% compared to batch conditions. In addition the representative synthesis of a 2,3‐dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxepin‐5‐one has been realized. Optimization of this process was achieved by setting up an automated multi‐step continuous‐flow reactor based on a phenolysis process and a subsequent lactonization by thermal treatment of the reaction mixture. 3‐Phenoxymethyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzo[e][1,4]dioxepin‐5‐one was isolated in pure form and on a multi‐gram scale in a very satisfactory 86% overall yield and an E‐factor of 1.47.
Processing, mechanical properties, and interfacial bonding of a thermoplastic core‐foam/composite‐skin sandwich panel
Authors: Pappadà S. , Rametta R. , Passaro A. , Lanzilotto L. , Maffezzoli A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this work, a thermoplastic sandwich panel was designed, produced, and tested for use in insulating walls of containers for food transportation. A sandwich construction comprising a poly(ethylene terephthalate) core and polypropylene/glass fiber skins was evaluated as possible replacement of systems consisting of polyurethane foam in combination with unsaturated polyester glass‐reinforced skins that are currently used for the manufacture of these structures. Factors were taken into account to satisfy the simultaneous need of thermal insulation and adequate mechanical properties that are required for the production of large flat panels 100‐mm thick. The influences of different manufacturing processes and skin‐core adhesion on the mechanical properties of this thermoplastic sandwich were investigated and are discussed in the text. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 29:137–145, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary. DOI 10.1002/adv.20186
Salivary alpha‐amylase and cortisol among pentecostals on a worship and nonworship day
Authors: Lynn Christopher Dana , Paris Jason , Frye Cheryl Anne , Schell Lawrence M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectivesThis investigation used a biomarker of sympathetic nervous system activity novel to biocultural research to test the hypothesis that engaging in religious worship activities would reduce baseline stress levels on a non‐worship day among Pentecostals.MethodsAs detailed in Lynn et al. (submitted for publication), stress was measured via salivary cortisol and α‐amylase among 52 Apostolic Pentecostals in New York's mid‐Hudson Valley. Saliva samples were collected at four predetermined times on consecutive Sundays and Mondays to establish diurnal profiles and compare days of worship and non‐worship. These data were reanalyzed using separate analyses of covariance on α‐amylase and cortisol to control for individual variation in Pentecostal behavior, effects of Sunday biomarkers on Monday, and other covariates.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in cortisol and an increase in α‐amylase on a non‐worship day compared with a service day. Models including engagement in Pentecostal worship behavior explained 62% of the change in non‐service day cortisol and 73% of the change in non‐service day α‐amylase.ConclusionsEngagement in Pentecostal worship may be associated with reductions in circulatory cortisol and enhancements in α‐amylase activity. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flexural behavior of methyl methacrylate modified unsaturated polyester polymer concrete beams reinforced with glass‐fiber‐reinforced polymer sheets
Authors: Yeon Kyu‐Seok , Kim Yong‐Seong , Kim Young‐Ik , Choi Yoon‐Sang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study represents the behavior of flexural test of methyl methacrylate modified unsaturated polyester polymer concrete beam reinforced with glass‐fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets. The failure mode, load–deflection, ductility index, and separation load predictions according to the GFRP reinforcement thickness were tested and analyzed. The failure mode was found to occur at the bonded surface of the specimen with 10 layers of GFRP reinforcement. For the load–deflection curve, as the reinforcement thickness of the GFRP sheet increased, the crack load and ultimate load greatly increased, and the ductility index was found to be the highest for the beam with the thickness of the GFRP sheet at 10 layers (6 mm) or 13 layers (7.3 mm). The calculated results of separation load were found to match only the experimental results of the specimens where debonding occurred. The reinforcement effect was found to be most excellent in the polymer concrete with 10 layers of GFRP sheet reinforcement. The appropriate reinforcement ratio for the GFRP concrete beam suggested by this study was a fiber‐reinforced‐plastic cross‐sectional ratio of 0.007–0.008 for a polymer concrete cross‐sectional ratio of 1 (width) : 1.5 (depth). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Contribution of molecular properties to extrapolation of the volume of distribution in human from preclinical animal species data
Authors: Sui Xiaofan , Sun Jin , Li Haiyan , Pan Yang , Wang Yongjun , He Zhonggui 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper quantitatively investigated the contribution of molecular properties to the volume of distribution in human (Vd human) when extrapolated from preclinical animal data, and identified which molecular descriptors and animal species were essential or better for acquiring the optimal accuracy of extrapolation. First, several two‐dimensional molecular descriptors which can potentially contribute to Vd were selected to establish the model to predict Vd in humans. Then, several linear predictive models were constructed by partial least squares (PLS) using three or one animal data in combination with or without the molecular descriptors. Stepwise regression was performed to determine the important molecular descriptors. For comparison, the allometric method was also performed to estimate the Vd human from preclinical species (rat, dog and monkey) data. The predictive accuracy of PLS models was better than that obtained by the allometric method. Moreover, the predictive accuracy of these models was improved when the molecular descriptors were introduced. Interestingly, the common contributors selected were molecular weight (MW) and the negatively charged fraction value (fi‐) for any stepwise regression model concerning molecular descriptors. Additionally, the dog was a more suitable species for predicting Vd human during drug‐lead pharmacokinetic optimization. More importantly, the introduction of molecular properties could improve the predictive accuracy for the prediction of Vd human from the preclinical species, among which MW and fi‐ were the significant parameters and the latter was considered in the extrapolation process for the first time. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of saliva as a biological fluid in relative bioavailability studies: comparison and correlation with plasma results
Authors: Ruiz M. Esperanza , Conforti Paula , Fagiolino Pietro , Volonté M. Guillermina 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to present new evidence supporting the use of saliva as a biological fluid in relative bioavailability studies. Carbamazepine was chosen as a model drug because of its suitability for salivary therapeutic drug monitoring and its well‐documented plasma bioavailability. A relative bioavailability study of four different immediate release carbamazepine products was performed. Stimulated saliva samples were collected by chewing on parafilm wax and by the spitting method. In vitro dissolution testing of formulations, using 900 ml of 1% sodium lauryl sulphate in water, was also carried out. The in vitro–in vivo correlations obtained in this salivary study were consistent with previous correlations assessed using plasma. These results support the suitability of saliva as the biological fluid in relative bioavailability studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postnatal growth restriction and gene expression changes in a mouse model of fetal alcohol syndrome
Authors: Kaminen‐Ahola Nina , Ahola Arttu , Flatscher‐Bader Traute , Wilkins Sarah J. , Anderson Greg J. , Whitelaw Emma , Chong Suyinn 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGrowth restriction, craniofacial dysmorphology, and central nervous system defects are the main diagnostic features of fetal alcohol syndrome. Studies in humans and mice have reported that the growth restriction can be prenatal or postnatal, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.We recently described a mouse model of moderate gestational ethanol exposure that produces measurable phenotypes in line with fetal alcohol syndrome (e.g., craniofacial changes and growth restriction in adolescent mice). In this study, we characterize in detail the growth restriction phenotype by measuring body weight at gestational day 16.5, cross‐fostering from birth to weaning, and by extending our observations into adulthood. Furthermore, in an attempt to unravel the molecular events contributing to the growth phenotype, we have compared gene expression patterns in the liver and kidney of nonfostered, ethanol‐exposed and control mice at postnatal day 28.We find that the ethanol‐induced growth phenotype is not detectable prior to birth, but is present at weaning, even in mice that have been cross‐fostered to unexposed dams. This finding suggests a postnatal growth restriction phenotype that is not due to deficient postpartum care by dams that drank ethanol, but rather a physiologic result of ethanol exposure in utero. We also find that, despite some catch‐up growth after 5 weeks of age, the effect extends into adulthood, which is consistent with longitudinal studies in humans.Genome‐wide gene expression analysis revealed interesting ethanol‐induced changes in the liver, including genes involved in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous compounds, iron homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.