bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PU‐ERH TEA EXTRACTS IN VITRO AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE PRESERVATION OF COOLED MUTTON
Authors: HU YONGJIN , JIA JUNJING , QIAO JINLING , GE CHANGRONG , CAO ZHENGHUI 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT The inhibitory effect of the extract of pu‐erh tea (PETs) against six strains by paper‐diffusion methods and the characterization of the mutton treated with different concentrations of the PETs during storage at 7 ± 1C were evaluated in this article. The results showed PETs could significantly inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Streptococcicosis faecalis, Escherichia coli and Bacillus anthraci, and their minimum inhibitory concentration were 0.07, 0.18, 0.50, 0.42 and 0.48 mg/mL, respectively. PETs showed weak inhibition for S. aureus. The cooled mutton treated with PETs resulted in suppression in the increase of total volatile base nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, inhibition of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas growth. The cooled mutton treated with 2% PETs showed highest color and overall acceptability. These results suggest the high potential in using PETs as a means of enhancing freshness and quality in cooled meats.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSAntimicrobial activities of microbial fermented tea are much less known than its health beneficial properties. Pu‐erh tea is consumed by people as a daily healthy drink all over the world, extracts of pu‐erh tea may be safe to use in food systems to extend the shelf life. With the trend of increasing use of natural and biological preservatives in food products, natural antimicrobial agents from pu‐erh tea may offer an innovative and interesting measure for such applications.
OCCURRENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM MEAT AND DAIRY PRODUCTS CONSUMED IN TURKEY
Authors: GUVEN KIYMET , MUTLU MEHMET BURCIN , GULBANDILAR AYSEL , CAKIR PINAR 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT A total of 413 samples of milk, dairy products, meat and meat products were analyzed for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in a 2‐year survey (2004–2006). One hundred thirty‐eight samples were (33.4%) contaminated with S. aureus. A total of 138 S. aureus strains were isolated and identified. Enterotoksin profiles were determined by Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Test Reversed Passive Latex Agglutination. Their resistance to nine antibiotics were tested. The contamination rate of the meat product samples (48.7%) was significantly higher than milk and dairy products (23.2%). Most of the strains (60.1%) produced staphylococcal enterotoxins. Four strains produced staphylococcal enterotoxin C and staphylococcal enterotoxin D. All of the strains tested were resistant to many of the nine antibiotics. One strain isolated from feta cheese was resistant to all of the antibiotics tested. Penicillin G resistance was the highest (92.7%) among the antibiotics. Seventy‐one strains choosen randomly were compared by the DNA macrorestriction patterns obtained from pulsed field gel electrophoresis following Sma I digestion and 33 pulsotypes were determined. Seventy‐three strains were characterized by automated ribotyping using Eco RI and 8 ribotypes were determined. The same, as well as different pulsotypes, were identified among strains with the identical ribotyping profile. The presence of enterotoxigenic and antimicrobial resistant strains of S. aureus has become remarkably wide spread in the foods examined and poor sanitary conditions during processing may create a health risk for the consumers. The results of genotyping showed high diversity among the strains.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThese results suggests that the contamination of various food samples by Staphylococcus aureus indicates poor personel hygiene and/or cross contamination in Turkey. Potential of S. aureus strains to produce enteroxins represent a health hazard to the consumers. Prevalence of multiple resistance to the antibiotics of the strains suggests the restricted use of them in animal and human therapy and growth promotion in animals. Genotyping with pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed more subtypes of S. aureus strains isolated from different food sources than automated ribotyping. Therefore, although both methods could be applied to demonsrate the source and route of the contamination, PFGE should be preferred in future studies of epidemiology of the S. aureus contamination.
RADIATION SENSITIVITY OF 3‐STRAIN COCKTAIL PATHOGENS INOCULATED INTO SEASONED AND FERMENTED SQUID AND ENHANCEMENT OF MICROBIAL QUALITY BY IRRADIATION
Authors: SONG H.P. , KIM B. , KIM Y.J. , LEE K.H. , KWON J.H. , JO C. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT Commercial squid Jeotkal was purchased, radiation‐sterilized, and inoculated with a 3‐strain cocktail of each Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19114, 19115, and 19111), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538, 25923, and 29213), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802, 33844, and 27969). The inoculated samples were then irradiated again at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 kGy. The D10 values of the cocktail of each L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and V. parahaemolyticus were 0.85, 0.83, and 0.25 kGy, respectively. No viable cells were detected at 5 kGy of irradiation. Commercial squid Jeotkal was also irradiated without sterilization and showed that irradiation significantly reduced the initial microbial level not only immediately after irradiation but also during storage at 10C for 4 weeks (P < 0.05). The total aerobic bacterial number of red pepper powder was 6.31 log cfu/g level and showed to be the most responsible for the microbial contamination of squid Jeotkal among the tested ingredients used for manufacturing. Sensory quality was not affected by the irradiation treatment. Results suggest that low‐dose (1 kGy or above) irradiation can improve the microbial quality and reduce the risk by the foodborne pathogens in squid Jeotkal, which has limited alternative sterilization methods because of the temperature characteristics of the products.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Jeotkal, a representative Korean salted and fermented fish product, has an important role in the diet and nutrition of Koreans. However, high amounts of salt are added to Jeotkal to extend its shelf life, and this has been brought to the consumer's concern. Thus, a low‐salted Jeotkal (usually using only 8% of salt) is being produced but companies are faced with problems on microbial safety and the reduction of the product's shelf life. Many attempts including the addition of natural preservatives or using high hydrostatic pressure have been carried out to solve these problems; however, most of these attempts were proven to have some drawbacks such as poor flavor and texture. Irradiation is an effective tool to control foodborne pathogens and to avoid cross contamination for this kind of products which has limited alternative sterilization methods because of the temperature characteristics. Therefore, the result of this study may provide an evidence for the industry and the legal authority to use irradiation technology properly in the production of squid Jeotkal.
PREVALENCE AND CARCASS CONTAMINATION WITH CAMPYLOBACTER IN SHEEP SENT FOR SLAUGHTER IN SCOTLAND
Authors: GARCIA A.B. , STEELE W.B. , TAYLOR D.J. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTCampylobacter species have been identified as the major cause of acute bacterial enteritis in the U.K. It has been suggested that the role of sheep in the epidemiology of Campylobacter has been underestimated. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in sheep sent for slaughter into an abattoir in Scotland and the prevalence of Campylobacter on the carcasses as a potential risk for human campylobacteriosis. Fecal samples and swabs (from fleeces and carcasses) were collected and processed using standard laboratory methods. The prevalence of Campylobacter obtained was unexpectedly high (49% positives from fecal samples by direct plating; 64% from fecal samples after enrichment; 95% from the fleeces after enrichment and 90% from the carcasses after enrichment) in comparison with the prevalence reported in the literature. It is the first time that such higher prevalence have been reported for Campylobacter isolated from sheep. The results showed that Campylobacter jejuni accounted for 75% of all the positive samples, followed by C. coli (16%), C. upsaliensis (2.52%), C. fetus (1.26%) and Arcobacter cryaerophilus (0.84%). These findings have important implications for public health as C. jejuni is the species of Campylobacter most commonly involved in human campylobacteriosis.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Campylobacter spp. isolates obtained during the study were preserved and are available to be used for further analysis. In fact, there has been some interest to use these isolates for multilocus sequence typing analysis. Epidemiological data regarding selected risk factors and the presence of Campylobacter in sheep and sheep carcasses was also obtained and analyzed during this study. The results from the epidemiological analysis are presented in a separate scientific paper including recommendations for the control of Campylobacter on sheep carcasses. The unexpected higher prevalence of Campylobacter in sheep found in this project might serve as motivation for future research studies. Furthermore, the methods used for isolation and identification of Campylobacter from sheep might be applicable to other animal species and/or other sources of Campylobacter.
UTILIZATION OF INVERSE WATER‐IN‐OIL EMULSIONS AS FAT REPLACERS IN FRANKFURTER MODEL SAUSAGES: INFLUENCE OF FAT EMULSION CONTENT ON THE ORGANOLEPTIC AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: RITZOULIS C. , PETRIDIS D. , DERLIKIS EM. , FYTIANOS K. , ASTERIOU P. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT The effect of fat content on the oral perception and the mechanical properties of frankfurter‐type sausages was studied by means of absolute and hedonic organoleptic and mechanical tests. Panelists were able to discriminate changes of 5–10% in fat content. A correlation between fat content and organoleptic attributes was found, supporting a perception that the full‐fat product is the de facto preferable product, to whose attributes others must conform. Substituting fat with water‐in‐fat globules was found to imitate a full‐fat sausage adequately in mechanical tests; however, organoleptic tests assessed the true fat content of the sausages. The tests indicate that it might be the absolute amount of fat, not the surface area of fat‐covered globules, that correlates to the perception of fattiness. The above should be attributed to the lubrication and flocculation–coalescence of fat droplets with saliva in the mouth. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe substitution of fat globules by inverse water‐in‐fat globules in sausages was found to imitate a full‐fat sausage adequately in mechanical tests; however, sensory tests confidently assessed the exact, true fat content of the sausages. This observation points out some limitations concerning the use of inverse emulsions as fat substitutes in relevant products.Correlations between sensory attributes and fat level in sausages could imply that specific norms relating to fat level exist in the consumers, to which low‐fat products may have to conform to.The testers were able to attribute different scores, thus, discriminate sausages different at times by just 5–10% fat content. This could be of importance in the development of new low‐fat sausage products.
Combined effect of IL‐17 and blockade of nitric oxide biosynthesis on haematopoiesis in mice
Authors: Krstić A. , Santibanez J. F. , Okić I. , Mojsilović S. , Kocić J. , Jovčić G. , Milenković P. , Bugarski D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim:  The study was undertaken to extend our investigation concerning both the in vivo activity of interleukin (IL)‐17 and the specific role of nitric oxide (NO) in IL‐17‐induced effects in the process of haematopoiesis.Methods:  CBA mice were simultaneously treated with IL‐17 and/or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, l‐NAME, for 5 days and changes within various haematopoietic cell lineages in bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood were analysed.Results:  Findings showed that administration of both IL‐17 and l‐NAME stimulated increase in net haematopoiesis in normal mice. IL‐17‐enhanced myelopoiesis was characterized by stimulation of both femoral and splenic haematopoietic progenitor cells and morphologically recognizable granulocytes. Additionally, IL‐17 induced alterations in the frequency of erythroid progenitor cells in both bone marrow and spleen, accompanied with their mobilization to the peripheral blood. As a consequence of these changes in the erythroid cell compartments, significant reticulocytosis was observed, which evidenced that in IL‐17‐treated mice effective erythropoiesis occurred. Exposure of mice to NOS inhibitor also increased the number of both granulocyte‐macrophage and erythroid progenitors in bone marrow and spleens, and these alterations were followed by the mobilization of erythroid progenitors and elevated content of reticulocytes in peripheral blood. The specific role of NO in IL‐17‐induced haematopoiesis was demonstrated only in the IL‐17‐reducing effect on bone marrow late stage erythroid progenitors, CFU‐E.Conclusion:  The results demonstrated the involvement of both IL‐17 and NO in the regulation of haematopoietic cell activity in various haematopoietic compartments. They further suggest that IL‐17 effects are differentially mediated depending on the haematopoietic microenvironments.
Cardiac function during mild hypothermia in pigs: increased inotropy at the expense of diastolic dysfunction
Authors: Post H. , Schmitto J. D. , Steendijk P. , Christoph J. , Holland R. , Wachter R. , Schöndube F. W. , Pieske B. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim:  The induction of mild hypothermia (MH; 33 °C) has become the guideline therapy to attenuate hypoxic brain injury after out‐of‐hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. While MH exerts a positive inotropic effect in vitro, MH reduces cardiac output in vivo and is thus discussed critically when severe cardiac dysfunction is present in patients. We thus assessed the effect of MH on the function of the normal heart in an in vivo model closely mimicking the clinical setting.Methods:  Ten anaesthetized, female human‐sized pigs were acutely catheterized for measurement of pressure–volume loops (conductance catheter), cardiac output (Swan‐Ganz catheter) and for vena cava inferior occlusion. Controlled MH (from 37 to 33 °C) was induced by a vena cava inferior cooling catheter.Results:  With MH, heart rate (HR) and whole body oxygen consumption decreased, while lactate levels remained normal. Cardiac output, left ventricular (LV) volumes, peak systolic and end‐diastolic pressure and dP/dtmax did not change significantly. Changes in dP/dtmin and the time constant of isovolumetric relaxation demonstrated impaired active relaxation. In addition, MH prolonged the systolic and shortened the diastolic time interval. Pressure–volume analysis revealed increased end‐systolic and end‐diastolic stiffness, indicating positive inotropy and reduced end‐diastolic distensibility. Positive inotropy was preserved during pacing, while LV end‐diastolic pressure increased and diastolic filling was substantially impaired due to delayed LV relaxation.Conclusion:  MH negatively affects diastolic function, which, however, is compensated for by decreased spontaneous HR. Positive inotropy and a decrease in whole body oxygen consumption warrant further studies addressing the potential benefit of MH on the acutely failing heart.
Photodynamic Inactivation of Conidia of the Fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Aspergillus nidulans with Methylene Blue and Toluidine Blue
Authors: Gonzales Fernanda P. , Da Silva Sérgio H. , Roberts Donald. W. , Braga Gilberto U. L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAntimicrobial photodynamic treatment (PDT) is a promising method that can be used to control localized mycoses or kill fungi in the environment. A major objective of the current study was to compare the conidial photosensitization of two fungal species (Metarhizium anisopliae and Aspergillus nidulans) with methylene blue (MB) and toluidine blue (TBO) under different incubation and light conditions. Parameters examined were media, photosensitizer (PS) concentration and light source. PDT with MB and TBO resulted in an incomplete inactivation of the conidia of both fungal species. Conidial inactivation reached up to 99.7%, but none of the treatments was sufficient to achieve a 100% fungicidal effect using either MB or TBO. PDT delayed the germination of the surviving conidia. Washing the conidia to remove unbound PS before light exposure drastically reduced the photosensitization of A. nidulans. The reduction was much smaller in M. anisopliae conidia, indicating that the conidia of the two species interact differently with MB and TBO. Conidia of green and yellow M. anisopliae mutants were less affected by PDT than mutants with white and violet conidia. In contrast to what occurred in PBS, photosensitization of M. anisopliae and A. nidulans conidia was not observed when PDT was performed in potato dextrose media.
Chronic Actinic Dermatitis to Sesquiterpene Lactones: [2+2] Photoreaction Toward Thymidine of (+) and (−) α‐Methylene‐Hexahydrobenzofuranone with a cis Ring Junction
Authors: Fuchs Sébastien , Berl Valérie , Lepoittevin Jean‐Pierre 
Published: January 2010

Abstract(+) and (−) α‐methylene‐hexahydrobenzofuranone derivatives with a stereochemically pure cis ring junction were used as models of sesquiterpene lactones to study their photoreactivity toward thymidine. After 313 nm irradiation of a deoxygenated acetone solution of lactone models and thymidine, six [2+2] photoadducts were isolated for each enantiomer and fully characterized by a combination of NMR experiments. A common syn regioselectivity and exo stereoselectivity were observed for photoadducts. This high photoreactivity of α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone ring toward thymidine could be an explanation of the progressive evolution of allergic contact dermatitis toward chronic actinic dermatitis.
Long‐term exposure to elevated CO2 in a Florida scrub‐oak forest increases herbivore densities but has no effect on other arthropod guilds
Authors: STILING PETER , FORKNER REBECCA , DRAKE BERT 
Published: January 2010

Abstract.  1. This study uses pitfall traps and sticky traps to examine the effects of elevated CO2 on the densities of insect herbivores, insectivores, and detritivores.2. Pitfall trapping for the last 3 years of 11 years of continuously elevated CO2 revealed increases of insect herbivore species such as Thysanoptera (thrips), Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera, but no effects on insectivores such as spiders, parasitic wasps, and ants; or on detritivores such as Diptera (flies), Psocoptera (book lice), Blattodea (cockroaches), Collembola (spring tails), Orthoptera (crickets), and Coleoptera (beetles).3. As the bottom‐up effects of elevated CO2 are transmitted through plants to herbivores, they do not appear to reach insect natural enemies or decomposers.
Predictors of coronary heart disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: Screening for coronary artery stenosis using multidetector computed tomography
Authors: Nishioka Hiroko , Furukawa Noboru , Shimoda Seiya , Nishida Kenro , Nakaura Takeshi , Maeda Takako , Goto Rieko , Miyamura Nobuhiro , Awai Kazuo , Yamashita Yasuyuki , Araki Eiichi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAims/Introduction:  Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) coronary angiography has been applied as a tool for non‐invasive evaluation of the coronary arteries. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MDCT in screening for coronary artery disease (CAD), and to identify the indications for screening in diabetes patients with CAD.Materials and Methods:  The study population consisted of 52 Japanese type 2 diabetes patients who underwent examination with a 64‐slice MDCT scanner, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography and ultrasonographic scanning of the carotid arteries. Regression analysis was carried out to assess the correlation between MDCT results and CAD risk factors.Results:  Stenosis of the coronary artery was detected in 19/52 patients. Of the 19 patients, 7 patients had no symptoms, including chest pain, and no ischemic changes in ECG. Significant differences between patients with stenosis and those without stenosis were detected by mean IMT (1.21 vs 0.95 mm), and duration of diabetes (20 vs 13 years). Two‐tailed χ2‐test showed that a duration of diabetes of more than 20 years (odds ratio 6.222) and more than 1.1 mm of mean‐IMT (odds ratio 4.600) significantly correlated with the stenosis.Conclusions:  It was shown that MDCT is useful in detecting coronary artery stenosis in diabetic patients without symptoms of CAD or ECG abnormality, and the predictors of CAD are mean IMT and duration of diabetes. It is recommended that patients with more than 1.1 mm mean IMT at the carotid artery and/or more than 20 years duration of diabetes should be screened for CAD by carrying out MDCT.
Cohomology rings of almost-direct products of free groups
Authors: Cohen Daniel C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn almost-direct product of free groups is an iterated semidirect product of finitely generated free groups in which the action of the constituent free groups on the homology of one another is trivial. We determine the structure of the cohomology ring of such a group. This is used to analyze the topological complexity of the associated Eilenberg–MacLane space.
INVESTIGATION OF TUMOR CELL TOXICITY FROM PARTICLE INDUCED X-RAY EMISSION FROM A 45-MeV PROTON BEAM IRRADIATED FERRITE NANOPARTICLE
Authors: KIM KI-HONG , KIM HONG-TAE , KIM JONG-HEE , SEO SEUNG-JUN , CHUNG DUCK-SOO , KIM JONG-KI 
Published: January 2010

In order to investigate the potential cytotoxic effects of particle-induced x-ray emission (PIXE) on tumor cells, 45 MeV proton beam was irradiated on C6 glioma cell lines that had taken up alginate-coated ferrite nanoparticles (Alg-SNP). Cells were anchored in vertical 96-well dishes facing a horizontal beam where the Bragg peak was placed on the upper part of the 96-well dish. Experimental groups included cells without SNP as a control (No-SNP), and cells incubated with SNP for 6 hours (6hr-SNP) or overnight (ON-SNP). A 0 to 200 Gy proton beam from an MC50 cyclotron (Scanditronix, Sweden) at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital (Seoul, Korea) was used to irradiate each experimental group. Perinuclear Alg-SNP nanoparticle distribution was observed in glioma cells. The test groups (6hr-SNP or ON-SNP) showed an estimated 20-28% (ANOVA, P < 0.05) less cell survival compared to the control group based on MTT assay. Nuclear damage, indicating apoptosis, was present at a higher frequency in the 6hr-SNP and ON-SNP groups up to relatively low radiation dose of 100 Gy by fluorescence microscopy upon Hoechst 33342 and Acridine Orange staining. Ferrite nanoparticles alone were not cytotoxic at the experimental concentration of 0.15 mg/ml. Therefore ferrite nanoparticles may induce additional cytotoxicity from X-ray emission from potential PIXE effects. PIXE and metal nanoparticles may be developed as a therapeutic factor and prodrug for localized proton beam therapy without side effects of solid or disseminate tumors on the surrounding normal tissue.