bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of sensitization to common allergens: comparison between Europe and the USA
Authors: De Groot Anton C. , Maibach Howard I. 
Published: May 2010

Background: Previously, contact allergy to formaldehyde and quaternium‐15 was found to be more prevalent in the United States than in Europe. No such data have been assessed for other contact allergens. Objective: Determine any differences in frequencies of sensitization to contact allergens in the United States and Europe. Methods: Literature study. Comparison of reported frequencies of sensitization to contact allergens routinely tested both in the United States and Europe in recent, large, multicentre studies. Because of the heterogeneity of studies and background parameters, statistical evaluation was not attempted. Results: Major differences were found only for neomycin (USA 10.0–11.8%, mean 11.4%; Europe 1.2–5.4%, mean 2.6%). Most allergens had somewhat higher prevalence in the United States, with rates versus Europe ranging from 1.3 to 1.9. Conclusions: Contact allergy to neomycin is much more prevalent in the United States. Stricter selection of patients for patch testing in United States tertiary referral centres may result in 50% more positive reactions compared to European studies.
Photoallergic contact dermatitis to 8‐methoxypsoralen in Ficus carica
Authors: Bonamonte Domenico , Foti Caterina , Lionetti Nicola , Rigano Luigi , Angelini Gianni 
Published: May 2010

Background: Photocontact dermatitis to Ficus carica is induced by furocoumarins present in sap. These substances are generally considered to cause phototoxic reactions. Objectives: We conducted a patch test and histopathological study of patients with phytophoto contact dermatitis from the fig tree to evaluate the mechanism underlying the photoreaction. Patients and Methods: Patch and photopatch testing with serial dilutions of two natural furocoumarins [5‐methoxypsoralen and 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP)] contained in plant sap were performed in 47 patients. A synthetic furocoumarin, 4,5′,8‐trimethylpsoralen, was also tested. Histopathological analyses were made of some positive photoreactions. Results: Positive photopatch tests reactions to 8‐MOP were obtained in 12 of 47 patients, in 4 of them down to a concentration of 0.0001%. Patch tests and photopatch tests to the other two furocoumarins were negative. Histopathological findings on biopsies from positive photopatch tests to 8‐MOP showed a dermatitis. Conclusions: Allergic photoreactions induced by contact with plants containing coumarins are generally regarded as chance findings. This study has demonstrated that phytophoto allergic contact dermatitis resulting from furocoumarins is not an exceptional finding, and should be suspected in subjects with diffuse clinical manifestations in photo‐exposed but also non‐exposed sites. To differentiate allergic from toxic photoreactions, patch tests need to be performed with serial dilutions of furocoumarins. Histological analysis of a biopsy sample from a positive test site will reveal alterations compatible with a photoallergic contact dermatitis.
Does airborne nickel exposure induce nickel sensitization?
Authors: Mann Eugen , Ranft Ulrich , Eberwein Georg , Gladtke Dieter , Sugiri Dorothee , Behrendt Heidrun , Ring Johannes , Schäfer Torsten , Begerow Jutta , Wittsiepe Jürgen , Krämer Ursula , Wilhelm Michael 
Published: May 2010

Background and objective: Nickel is one of the most prevalent causes of contact allergy in the general population. This study focuses on human exposure to airborne nickel and its potential to induce allergic sensitization. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 309 children at school‐starter age living in the West of Germany in the vicinity of two industrial sources and in a rural town without nearby point sources of nickel. An exposure assessment of nickel in ambient air was available for children in the Ruhr district using routinely monitored ambient air quality data and dispersion modelling. Internal nickel exposure was assessed by nickel concentrations in morning urine samples of the children. Results: The observed nickel sensitization prevalence rates varied between 12.6% and 30.7%. Statistically significant associations were showed between exposure to nickel in ambient air and urinary nickel concentration as well as between urinary nickel concentration and nickel sensitization. Furthermore, an elevated prevalence of nickel sensitization was associated with exposure to increased nickel concentrations in ambient air. Conclusion: The observed associations support the assumption that inhaled nickel in ambient air might be a risk factor for nickel sensitization; further studies in larger collectives are necessary.
Quantitative repeated open application testing with a rinse‐off product in methyldibromo glutaronitrile‐sensitive patients: results of the IVDK
Authors: Heratizadeh Annice , Killig Claudia , Worm Margitta , Soost Stephanie , Simon Dagmar , Bauer Andrea , Mahler Vera , Schuster Christian , Szliska Christiane , Frambach Yvonne , Eben Ricarda , Werfel Thomas , Uter Wolfgang , Schnuch Axel 
Published: May 2010

Background: While the use of methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN) in leave‐on products is clearly associated with high sensitization or elicitation risk, such a clear‐cut relation could be questioned with regard to rinse‐off products. Objective: The objective of this study was to find a maximum non‐eliciting concentration for rinse‐off products in MDBGN patch test‐positive patients. Patients and methods: We performed a use‐related test [repeated open application test (ROAT)] in patients sensitized to MDBGN with a liquid soap containing three concentrations of MDBGN (50, 200, and 400 p.p.m. MDBGN, respectively). The soap at 50 p.p.m. was used twice daily for 4 weeks. If no reaction of the skin was observed, the product with the next higher concentration was used for another 4 weeks, etc. Results: In total, 32/37 evaluated cases [86.5%; lower exact one‐sided 95% confidence limit (CL): 73.7%] did not react to any of the preparations. The remaining reacted as follows: 1/37 reacted to 50 p.p.m., 3/37 to 200 p.p.m., and 1/37 to 400 p.p.m. The cumulative non‐response to 50 p.p.m. was 97.3% (lower CL: 87.8%). Conclusions: The majority of subjects sensitized to MDBGN‐tolerated rinse‐off products containing a maximum concentration of 400 p.p.m. A concentration in rinse‐off products in the range of 50 p.p.m. could be regarded as safe for most individuals already sensitized. These concentrations will presumably prevent induction (sensitization) also.
Fragrance allergy: assessing the safety of washed fabrics
Authors: Basketter David A. , Pons‐Guiraud Annick , Van Asten Arian , Laverdet Catherine , Marty Jean‐Paul , Martin Ludovic , Berthod Daniel , Siest Sylvie , Giordano‐Labadie Françoise , Tennstedt Dominique , Baeck Marie , Vigan Martine , Lainé Gérard , Le Coz Christophe J. , Jacobs Marie‐Claude , Bayrou Olivier , Germaux Marie‐Anne 
Published: May 2010

Background: Previously, a quantitative risk assessment suggested there was no risk of induction of fragrance allergy from minor residues of fragrance chemicals on washed fabrics. Objective: To investigate whether there was any risk of the elicitation of contact allergy from fragrance chemical residues on fabric in individuals who were already sensitized. Methods: Thirty‐six subjects with a positive patch test to isoeugenol (n = 19) or hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (n = 17) were recruited. Dose–response and fabric patch tests were performed, respectively, with filter paper and a cotton sample loaded with fragrance in ethanol–diethylphthalate (DEP) and applied in a Finn Chamber® or a Hill Top Chamber®. Results: Only two subjects reacted to an isoeugenol patch test concentration of 0.01% (>20× the estimated likely skin exposure level), none reacted to lower concentrations. Of 36 subjects, 18 reacted to the fabric patch treated with ethanol–DEP vehicle alone and 20 to the fragrance‐chemical‐treated fabric patch. These were only minor non‐specific skin reactions. They were also quite evenly distributed between the two fragrance chemical allergic groups. Conclusions: On the basis of the examples studied, fragrance chemical residues present on fabric do not appear to present a risk of the elicitation of immediate or delayed allergic skin reactions on individuals already sensitized.
Determinants of current hand eczema: results from case–control studies nested in the PACO follow‐up study (PACO II)
Authors: Apfelbacher Christian J. , Funke Ulrich , Radulescu Magda , Diepgen Thomas L. 
Published: May 2010

Background: Hand eczema is often a result of the interplay of exogenous and endogenous risk factors. Epidemiological studies demonstrating the interrelationship between these factors are lacking. Objective: To analyse risk factors associated with current hand eczema and current irritant hand eczema in two case–control studies nested in a long‐term follow‐up study in the car industry. Patients/Materials/Methods: Eligible participants were individuals who had been followed until the end of their apprenticeship in the original cohort study (1990–1998, N = 1909). Participants were interviewed and underwent dermatological examination. Two case–control studies were nested within the cohort, one using current hand eczema cases (n = 110) and one using current irritant hand eczema cases (n = 57). Multivariable modelling was performed. Results: The only significant finding was a positive association of atopic skin diathesis with hand eczema in both studies. Wet work ≥2 hr/day was positively related to current irritant hand eczema. Age and having an office job were inversely related to hand eczema. Conclusions: Atopic skin diathesis was the most important determinant of hand eczema. Constitution seems to play a dominant role compared with environmental and occupational hazards in a setting where skin protection measures are well established.
The coumarin herniarin as a sensitizer in German chamomile [Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert, Compositae]
Authors: Paulsen Evy , Otkjær Aksel , Andersen Klaus E. 
Published: May 2010

Background: Although German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) is considered a weak sensitizer, recent studies have shown several possible non‐sesquiterpene lactone allergens in tea (infusions) from the plant. Objective: The aim of this study was to report the results of patch testing with herniarin (7‐methoxycoumarin), which is one of the possible coumarin allergens in chamomile. Patients/materials/methods: Between 1991 and 2009, selected patients with known or suspected Compositae contact allergy were patch tested with herniarin 1% petrolatum. Results: Among 36 patients tested, there was one positive and three doubtful positive reactions to herniarin. All 4 patients had a relevant contact allergy to German chamomile, whereas the majority of the remaining 32 patients had chamomile allergy of unknown relevance. Conclusions: The clinical results suggest that herniarin indeed is one of the non‐sesquiterpene lactone sensitizers in German chamomile and that sensitization may occur through, for example, external use of chamomile tea or use of chamomile‐containing topical herbal remedies.
Post‐trial costs, clinical outcomes, and dental service utilization after a randomized clinical trial for caries control among Finnish adolescents
Authors: Hietasalo Pauliina , Seppä Liisa , Niinimaa Ahti , Kallio Jouko , Lahti Satu , Hausen Hannu 
Published: May 2010

Hietasalo P, Seppä L, Niinimaa A, Kallio J, Lahti S, Hausen H. Post‐trial costs, clinical outcomes, and dental service utilization after a randomized clinical trial for caries control among Finnish adolescents. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 265–269. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci The aim of this study was to assess post‐trial treatment costs, clinical outcomes [decayed, missing or filled surfaces (DMFS) scores], and utilization of dental services among adolescents who had participated in a randomized clinical trial (RCT) in Pori, Finland, in 2001–2005. At baseline the children were 11–12 yr of age and had had at least one active initial caries lesion. The children in the experimental group (n = 250) had been exposed to multiple measures for caries control, while those in the control group (n = 247) had received standard dental care. During the post‐trial period (2005–2008), all participants received the standard dental care offered in public dental clinics in Pori. In both groups the costs of treatment procedures and outcomes for the post‐trial period were calculated for each adolescent. Information from patient records was available for 487 adolescents (former experimental n = 246, control n = 241). The mean total costs per adolescent were lower and the clinical outcome was better among the former experimental‐group participants. The differences in mean costs between the groups were statistically significant for preventive and restorative procedures. The utilization of dental services was significantly more regular among the former experimental‐group participants.
Can parents and children evaluate each other’s dental fear?
Authors: Luoto Anni , Tolvanen Mimmi , Rantavuori Kari , Pohjola Vesa , Lahti Satu 
Published: May 2010

Luoto A, Tolvanen M, Rantavuori K, Pohjola V, Lahti S. Can parents and children evaluate each other’s dental fear? Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 254–258. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci The aim of this study was to determine whether parents and their 11–16‐yr‐old children can evaluate each other’s dental fear. At baseline the participants were 11–12‐yr‐old children from the Finnish Cities of Pori (n = 1,691) and Rauma (n = 807), and one of their parents. The children and their parents were asked if they or their family members were afraid of dental care. Fears were assessed using single 5‐point Likert‐scale questions that included a ‘do not know’ option. Children and parents answered the questionnaire independently of each other. Background variables were the child’s and their parent’s gender. Parents’ and children’s knowledge of each other’s dental fear was evaluated with kappa statistics and with sensitivity and specificity statistics using dichotomized fear variables. All kappa values were < 0.42. When dental fear among children and parents was evaluated, all sensitivities varied between 0.10 and 0.39, and all specificities varied between 0.93 and 0.99. Evaluating dental fear among fearful children and parents, the sensitivities varied between 0.17 and 0.50 and the specificities varied between 0.85 and 0.94, respectively. Parents and children could not recognize each other’s dental fear. Therefore, parents and children cannot be used as reliable proxies for determining each other’s dental fear.
Protein and mucin retention on oral mucosal surfaces in dry mouth patients
Authors: Pramanik Rashida , Osailan Samira M. , Challacombe Stephen J. , Urquhart David , Proctor Gordon B. 
Published: May 2010

Pramanik R, Osailan SM, Challacombe SJ, Urquhart D, Proctor GB. Protein and mucin retention on oral mucosal surfaces in dry mouth patients. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 245–253. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation©2010 Eur J Oral SciOral homeostasis depends largely on proteins and mucins present in saliva that coat all oral surfaces. The present study compared the protein composition of residual fluid on mucosal surfaces in subjects with normal salivary flow with that of patients with dry mouth caused by salivary hypofunction. Samples of residual mucosal fluid were collected using paper strips and then analysed by protein electrophoresis and immunoblotting. In both patients and controls, residual fluids on mucosal surfaces (except the anterior tongue in control subjects) had higher protein concentrations than unstimulated whole‐mouth saliva. High‐molecular‐weight mucin (MUC5B) was present in greater amounts on the anterior tongue than on other surfaces in control subjects. In dry mouth patients who were unable to provide a measurable saliva sample, MUC5B was often still present on all mucosal surfaces but in reduced amounts on the anterior tongue. The membrane‐bound mucin, MUC1, was prominent on buccal and labial surfaces in patients and controls. Statherin was still present on surfaces that were dried to remove salivary fluid, suggesting that it may be adsorbed as a protein pellicle. It is concluded that oral mucosal surfaces in dry mouth patients can retain MUC5B and other salivary proteins, although the functional integrity of these proteins is uncertain.
MTHFRandMSX1contribute to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate
Authors: Jagomägi Triin , Nikopensius Tiit , Krjutškov Kaarel , Tammekivi Veronika , Viltrop Triin , Saag Mare , Metspalu Andres 
Published: May 2010

Jagomägi T, Nikopensius T, Krjutškov K, Tammekivi V, Viltrop T, Saag M, Metspalu A.MTHFRandMSX1contribute to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 213–220. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation©2010 Eur J Oral SciRecent studies suggest that multiple interacting loci, with possible additional environmental factors, influence the risk for nonsyndromic oral clefts, one of the most common birth defects in humans. Advances in high‐throughput genotyping technology allow the testing of multiple markers, simultaneously, in many candidate genes. We tested for associations between 176 haplotype‐tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 18 candidate genes/loci and nonsyndromic clefts in a case–control study in an Estonian sample (153 patients, 205 controls). The most significant associations with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) were found for SNPs inMSX1,MTHFR, andPVRL2, including several common haplotypes in theMTHFRandMSX1genes. The strongest association was observed for rs6446693 in theMSX1region, which remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. The strongest association with nonsyndromic cleft palate (CP) was found for the SNP rs11624283 in theJAG2gene. Epistatic interactions were observed for SNPs withinPVRL2, betweenBCL3andEDN1,and betweenIRF6andMSX1genes. This study provides further evidence implicatingMSX1andMTHFRin the etiology of nonsyndromic CL/P across different populations.
Rasch analysis of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index
Authors: Franchignoni Marco , Giordano Andrea , Levrini Luca , Ferriero Giorgio , Franchignoni Franco 
Published: May 2010

Franchignoni M, Giordano A, Levrini L, Ferriero G, Franchignoni F. Rasch analysis of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 278–283. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral SciThe aim of this study was to perform a psychometric analysis on the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) using Rasch analysis, a modern statistical approach for examining rating scale data. Eighty‐five subjects, long‐term residents of a nursing home, were analysed using the GOHAI. The mean GOHAI score (range 0–48) was 11. Two of the five rating categories (1 = seldom; 3 = often) did not comply with the Rasch criteria for category functioning. After collapsing rating categories into a three‐level rating scale (0 = never; 1 = sometimes; 2 = often/always), the new model met the set criteria. Item 12 ‘sensitivity to hot, cold or sweets’ was misfitting. Rasch analysis showed both the unidimensionality of (at least) 11 of the 12 items of GOHAI, and the possibility of simplifying the structure of its rating scale.
Changes in toothbrushing frequency in relation to changes in oral health‐related knowledge and attitudes among children – a longitudinal study
Authors: Tolvanen Mimmi , Lahti Satu , Hausen Hannu 
Published: May 2010

Tolvanen M, Lahti S, Hausen H. Changes in toothbrushing frequency in relation to changes in oral health‐related knowledge and attitudes among children – a longitudinal study. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 284–289. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral SciThe aim of this study was to determine the associations between changes in self‐reported toothbrushing frequency and the knowledge and attitudes related to oral health. The study population consisted of all fifth and sixth graders who started the 2001–2002 school year in Pori (n = 1,691); of these, 1,362 were monitored throughout the 3.4‐yr study. Data were gathered by questionnaires before, in the middle, and after the follow‐up, which was divided into two periods. Associations between changes in toothbrushing frequency, sum score of knowledge items, and sum scores of items in attitudinal factors were studied. The attitudinal factor structure was determined by principal component analyses. The associations were evaluated using mean values and general linear models for repeated measures. Toothbrushing frequency and knowledge and attitudes related to oral health improved among the same children during the study, with the changes usually taking place in the same time‐period. In different time‐periods, different children’s toothbrushing and oral health‐related knowledge and attitudes improved. Based on our results, changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior are related, but children are ready for change at different times. Therefore, oral health promotion should be designed to be a continuous process rather than a short‐term intervention.
Geographic modelling of jaw fracture rates in Australia: a methodological model for healthcare planning
Authors: Kruger Estie , Heitz‐Mayfield Lisa J. A. , Perera Irosha , Tennant Marc 
Published: May 2010

Abstract –  Background/Aim:  While Australians are one of the healthiest populations in the world, inequalities in access to health care and health outcomes exist for Indigenous Australians and Australians living in rural or urban areas of the country. Hence, the purpose of this study was to develop an innovative methodological approach for predicting the incidence rates of jaw fractures and estimating the demand for oral health services within Australia.Materials and methods:  Population data were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and was divided across Australia by statistical local area and related to a validated remoteness index. Every episode of discharge from all hospitals in Western Australia for the financial years 1999/2000 to 2004/2005 indicating a jaw fracture as the principle oral condition, as classified by the International Classification of Disease (ICD‐10AM), was the inclusion criterion for the study. Hospitalization data were obtained from the Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Data System.Results:  The model estimated almost 10 times higher jaw fracture rates for Indigenous populations than their non‐Indigenous counterparts. Moreover, incidence of jaw fractures was higher among Indigenous people living in rural and remote areas compared with their urban and semi‐urban counterparts. In contrast, in the non‐Indigenous population, higher rates of jaw fractures were estimated for urban and semi‐urban inhabitants compared with their rural and remote counterparts.Conclusions:  This geographic modelling technique could be improved by methodological refinements and further research. It will be useful in developing strategies for health management and reducing the burden of jaw fractures and the cost of treatment within Australia. This model will also have direct implications for strategic planning for prevention and management policies in Australia aimed at reducing the inequalities gap both in terms of geography as well as Aboriginality.