bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial neural networks and nonlinear regression techniques to assess the influence of slake durability cycles on the prediction of uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity for carbonate rocks
Authors: Yagiz S. , Sezer E. A. , Gokceoglu C. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYUnderstanding rock material characterizations and solving relevant problems are quite difficult tasks because of their complex behavior, which sometimes cannot be identified without intelligent, numerical, and analytical approaches. Because of that, some prediction techniques, like artificial neural networks (ANN) and nonlinear regression techniques, can be utilized to solve those problems. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the cycling integer of slake durability index test on intact rock behavior and estimate some rock properties, such as uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and modulus of elasticity (E) from known rock index parameters using ANN and various regression techniques. Further, new performance index (PI) and degree of consistency (Cd) are introduced to examine the accuracy of generated models. For these purposes, intact rock dataset is established by performing rock tests including uniaxial compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, Schmidt hammer, effective porosity, dry unit weight, p‐wave velocity, and slake durability index tests on selected carbonate rocks. Afterward, the models are developed using ANN and nonlinear regression techniques. The concluding remark given is that four‐cycle slake durability index (Id4) provides more accurate results to evaluate material characterization of carbonate rocks, and it is one of the reliable input variables to estimate UCS and E of carbonate rocks; introduced performance indices, both PI and Cd, may be accepted as good indicators to assess the accuracy of the complex models, and further, the ANN models have more prediction capability than the regression techniques to estimate relevant rock properties. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of drug interactions and dosing in 484 neurological inpatients using clinical decision support software and an extended operational interaction classification system (Zurich Interaction System)
Authors: Guzek Markus , Zorina Olesya I. , Semmler Alexander , Gonzenbach Roman R. , Huber Martin , Kullak‐Ublick Gerd A. , Weller Michael , Russmann Stefan 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeThe current study aimed at identifying and quantifying critical drug interactions in neurological inpatients using clinical decision support software (CDSS). Reclassification of interactions with a focus on clinical management aimed to support the development of CDSS with higher efficacy to reduce overalerting and improve medication safety in clinical practice.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study in consecutive patients admitted to the neurology ward of a tertiary care hospital. We developed a customized interface for mass analysis with the CDSS MediQ, which we used for automated retrospective identification of drug interactions during the first day of hospitalization. Interactions were reclassified according to the Zurich Interaction System (ZHIAS), which incorporates the Operational Classification of Drug Interactions (ORCA). Dose adjustments for renal impairment were also evaluated.ResultsIn 484 patients with 2812 prescriptions, MediQ generated 8 “high danger,” 518 “average danger,” and 1233 “low danger” interaction alerts. According to ZHIAS, 6 alerts involved contraindicated and 33 alerts involved provisionally contraindicated combinations, and 327 alerts involved a conditional and 1393 alerts involved a minimal risk of adverse outcomes. Thirty‐five patients (6.2%) had at least one combination that was at least provisionally contraindicated. ZHIAS also provides categorical information on expected adverse outcomes and management recommendations, which are presented in detail. We identified 13 prescriptions without recommended dose adjustment for impaired renal function.ConclusionsMediQ detected a large number of drug interactions with variable clinical relevance in neurological inpatients. ZHIAS supports the selection of those interactions that require active management, and the effects of its implementation into CDSS on medication safety should be evaluated in future prospective studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐efficacy beliefs mediate the relationship between subjective cognitive functioning and physical and mental well‐being after hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Wu Lisa M. , Austin Jane , Hamilton Jada G. , Valdimarsdottir Heiddis , Isola Luis , Rowley Scott , Warbet Rachel , Winkel Gary , Redd William H. , Rini Christine 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveCognitive problems are commonly reported by hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) survivors and are associated with poorer physical and mental well‐being. It was hypothesized that adverse effects of subjective cognitive impairment occur because cognitive difficulties reduce survivors' confidence that they can manage HSCT‐related symptoms—that is, self‐efficacy for symptom management.MethodsHematopoietic stem cell transplant survivors (n = 245), 9 months to 3 years post‐HSCT, completed measures of subjective cognitive functioning, self‐efficacy for symptom management, and clinically important outcomes: depressed mood, anxiety, and quality of life. Mediation analyses using bootstrapping were conducted to investigate whether effects of subjective cognitive impairment on these outcomes were mediated by self‐efficacy for cognitive, emotional (SE‐Emotional), social (SE‐Social), and physical (SE‐Physical) symptom management.ResultsSelf‐efficacy mediated relations between subjective cognitive impairment and depressed mood (total indirect effect = −0.0064 and 95% CI −0.0097 to −0.0036), anxiety (total indirect effect = −0.0045, CI −0.0072 to −0.0021), and quality of life (total indirect effect = 0.0952, CI 0.0901 to 0.2642). SE‐Emotional was a unique mediator when the outcome was depressed mood and anxiety. SE‐Social, SE‐Physical, and SE‐Emotional were specific mediators when outcome was quality of life.ConclusionsFindings support the conclusion that subjective cognitive impairment reduces HSCT survivors' confidence in their ability to manage common post‐HSCT symptoms, with implications for physical and mental well‐being. Interventions that help enhance survivors' self‐efficacy, particularly self‐efficacy for the management of emotional symptoms, are likely to benefit HSCT survivors who report subjective cognitive impairment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexural waves of carbon nanotubes based on generalized gradient elasticity
Authors: Shen J. , Wu J.‐X. , Song J. , Li X.‐F. , Lee K.Y. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractUsing generalized gradient elasticity, this paper studies transverse wave characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a free space and embedded in a surrounding elastic medium. For flexural waves propagating in single‐walled CNTs, the phase and group velocities are obtained analytically and they are scale‐dependent. For single‐walled CNTs surrounded by an elastic medium, waves with frequencies lower than the cut‐off frequency cannot travel. For double‐walled CNTs, waves of acoustic and optical modes are both present, and the cut‐off frequency is dependent on the van der Waals force and the surrounding medium, but independent of the scale parameters. The phase speed of flexural waves is strongly affected by the surrounding medium for very low frequencies, and by gradient coefficients for higher frequencies. Dispersion relations are presented graphically to show the scale effects of wave speed with and without a surrounding elastic medium.
InGaN quantum dot growth in the limits of Stranski–Krastanov and spinodal decomposition
Authors: Figge Stephan , Tessarek Christian , Aschenbrenner Timo , Hommel Detlef 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMost commonly used for the self‐assembling of InGaN quantum dots is a Stranski–Krastanov growth scheme. Often neglected is the influence of spinodal decomposition, although it is frequently discussed with quantum well growth. In this publication we will expose the influence of both mechanisms on the formation process of quantum dots. This paper gives an insight in the theoretical background of quantum dot formation and covers the growth by molecular beam epitaxy and metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. Stranski–Krastanov like growth has been verified by the surface evolution beyond the critical thickness as seen by atomic force microscopy on uncapped samples. The overgrowth of such samples led to dissolution of the quantum dots. Indium compositions within the miscibility gap below critical thickness yielded spinodal phase separation in meander like structures These structures are in agreement with the theory from Hilliard and Cahn. Based on spinodal decomposition overgrowth schemes have been developed which showed reliable quantum dot emission. Such layers have been implemented into device structures such as LEDs and laser structures. magnified image
Packaging Off‐flavour Detection Ability of Two Food Simulants
Authors: Forsgren Gunnar , del Mar Lorente Lamas María , Sánchez Climent María José 
Published: July 2011

One of the many important tasks of packages that are intended for direct food contact is to preserve the flavour of the food properly. It is therefore important to measure to what extent the materials can evoke off‐flavours in the packed foodstuff in terms of intensity, e.g. by use of numbers, and in terms of quality, e.g. by use of descriptors. Such intensity assessments introduce a need for calibration procedures.A procedure based on matching off‐flavour intensities of real packaging materials to those of simplified calibration samples has been developed. Defining the concentrations of the calibration samples, based on simplified model systems corresponding to the actual intensity numbers, paves the way for a more uniform quantification. Keeping the complex reality in mind, such model system studies are useful for identifying critical points of the applied analytical methods. Furthermore, off‐flavour interactions between packaging materials and different foodstuffs can be better understood.The sensory detection ability of one odorant, benzaldehyde, was higher when added to aqueous icing sugar (detection threshold 0.3 μg/g) than to coconut oil (5 μg/g). The assessors' individual sensitivity differed considerably, but their ability was clearly higher when judging the aqueous icing sugar. In contrast, coconut oil showed higher sorption capacity and retention of benzaldehyde than did the sugar, pointing out that a coconut oil‐based calibration system is more stable than a sugar‐based one.Real paperboard products induced off‐flavour into coconut oil. The off‐flavour intensities and qualities differed but were complex in relation to the calibration samples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deterministic and ensemble‐based prediction of Adriatic Sea sirocco storms leading to ‘acqua alta’ in Venice
Authors: Bertotti Luciana , Bidlot Jean‐Raymond , Buizza Roberto , Cavaleri Luigi , Janousek Martin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe accuracy of deterministic and probabilistic forecasts of storms in the Adriatic Sea that lead to the flooding of Venice is discussed. We consider ECMWF state‐of‐the‐art high‐resolution single deterministic and lower‐resolution ensemble‐based forecasts of meteorological and sea states (waves) for five storms that affected Venice between 1966 and 2008. Notwithstanding the complicated local orographic situation, it is shown that ECMWF single, deterministic forecasts provide accurate information up to 3–4 days in advance. This range is further extended to between 4 and 6 days if ensemble‐based, probabilistic forecasts are considered. The assessment of the quality of Ensemble Prediction System (EPS) probabilistic forecasts during the winters of 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 over the Adriatic and the Mediterranean Seas, and the North Atlantic Ocean, is also discussed to provide a proper statistical evaluation of the accuracy of EPS‐based probabilistic forecasts of the wind over the sea. Average results indicate that EPS probabilistic forecasts over these areas are skilful for the whole forecast range considered in this study. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
A scalable gaussian process analysis algorithm for biomass monitoring
Authors: Chandola Varun , Vatsavai Ranga Raju 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBiomass monitoring is vital for studying the carbon cycle of earth's ecosystem and has several significant implications, especially in the context of understanding climate change and its impacts. Recently, several change detection methods have been proposed to identify land cover changes in temporal profiles (time series) of vegetation collected using remote sensing instruments, but do not satisfy one or both of the two requirements of the biomass monitoring problem, that is, operating in online mode and handling periodic time series. In this paper, we adapt Gaussian process (GP) regression to detect changes in such time series in an online fashion. While GP have been widely used as a kernel‐based learning method for regression and classification, their applicability to massive spatiotemporal data sets, such as remote sensing data, has been limited owing to the high computational costs involved. We focus on addressing the scalability issues associated with the proposed GP based change detection algorithm. This paper makes several significant contributions. First, we propose a GP based online time series change detection algorithm and demonstrate its effectiveness in detecting different types of changes in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data obtained from a study area in IA, USA. Second, we propose an efficient Toeplitz matrix based solution which significantly improves the computational complexity and memory requirements of the proposed GP based method. Specifically, the proposed solution can analyze a time series of length t in O(t2) time while maintaining a O(t) memory footprint, compared to the O(t3) time and O(t2) memory requirement of standard matrix manipulation based methods. Third, we describe a parallel version of the proposed solution which can be used to simultaneously analyze a large number of time series. We study three different parallel implementations: using threads, Message Passing Interface (MPI), and a hybrid implementation using threads and MPI. Experimental results show that the hybrid implementation scales better than the multithreaded and MPI based implementations. The application of the proposed scalable algorithm is demonstrated in analyzing massive remote sensing observation data. The hybrid implementation, using 1536 computing cores, can analyze an NDVI data set for the Iowa study area in nearly 5 s, while a serial algorithm, using standard Cholesky decomposition based routines, takes several days to process the same data set. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 430–445, 2011
Anti‐virus in‐the‐cloud service: are we ready for the security evolution?
Authors: Yan Wei , Ansari Nirwan 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe ever‐increasing malware variants pose serious challenges for traditional signature‐based anti‐virus (AV) scan engines. To effectively handle the scale and magnitude of new malware variants, AV functionality is being moved from the user desktop into the cloud. AV in‐the‐cloud service is becoming the next‐generation security infrastructure designed to defend against virus threats. It provides reliable protection service delivered through data centers worldwide, which are built on virtualization technologies. Nowadays, cloud‐based security services are gaining bullish projections in both consumer and enterprise markets. However, are we getting ready for the cloud evolution? Security vendors are facing various challenges regarding the architectural design, implementation, and validation. Owing to the lack of operation standards among vendors and very few research works conducted up to this point, researchers have no references of AV cloud testing to rely on. In this paper, the architecture of AV in‐the‐cloud service is described. The challenges and solutions are discussed and illustrated by examples taken from our cutting‐edge research on practical applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Colloidally Stable Silicon Nanocrystals with Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence for Biological Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Henderson Eric J. , Shuhendler Adam J. , Prasad Preethy , Baumann Verena , Maier‐Flaig Florian , Faulkner Daniel O. , Lemmer Uli , Wu Xiao Yu , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLuminescent silicon nanocrystals (ncSi) are showing great promise as photoluminescent tags for biological fluorescence imaging, with size‐dependent emission that can be tuned into the near‐infrared biological window and reported lack of toxicity. Here, colloidally stable ncSi with NIR photoluminescence are synthesized from (HSiO1.5)n sol–gel glasses and are used in biological fluorescence imaging. Modifications to the thermal processing conditions of (HSiO1.5)n sol–gel glasses, the development of new ncSi oxide liberation chemistry, and an appropriate alkyl surface passivation scheme lead to the formation of colloidally stable ncSi with photoluminescence centered at 955 nm. Water solubility and biocompatibility are achieved through encapsulation of the hydrophobic alkyl‐capped ncSi within PEG‐terminated solid lipid nanoparticles. Their applicability to biological imaging is demonstrated with the in‐vitro fluorescence labelling of human breast tumor cells.
Monolayers at air‐water interfaces: from origins‐of‐life to nanotechnology
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Hill Jonathan P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe air‐water interface presents several interesting features, namely a) a molecularly flat environment, b) a boundary region between two phases with different dielectric constants, c) permits or promotes dynamic interactions within the interface region, and d) a point of interaction between hydrophobic compounds and aqueous molecules. Accordingly, Langmuir monolayers at the air‐water interface have several unique characteristics and properties, which require investigation. In this review‐type personal account, typical examples of molecular recognition and molecular patterning at air‐water interfaces are first introduced, followed by descriptions of specific and unusual properties of monolayers on water. In addition, two examples of our own results concerning Langmuir monolayers are explained. We have selected examples from two apparently unrelated research areas, these being the origin of life and future nanotechnology, in order to emphasize the diverse scientific contribution of research on monolayers at the air‐water interface. DOI 10.1002/tcr.201100004
The maze of paramutation: a rough guide to the puzzling epigenetics of paramutation
Authors: Brzeski Jan , Brzeska Katarzyna 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEpigenetic mechanisms maintain gene expression states through mitotic and sometimes meiotic cell divisions. Paramutation is an extreme example of epigenetic processes. Not only an established expression state is transmitted through meiosis to the following generations but also an information transfer occurs between alleles and leads to heritable changes in expression state. As a consequence the expression states can rapidly propagate in population, violating Mendelian genetics. Recent findings unraveled an essential role for siRNA‐dependent processes in paramutation. Despite significant progress, the overall picture is still puzzling and many important questions remain to be answered. WIREs RNA 2011 2 863–874 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.97
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
Combinatorial patterns of histone modifications in Saccharomyces.cerevisiae
Authors: Cui Xiang‐Jun , Li Hong , Liu Guo‐Qing 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHistone modification is an important subject of epigenetics that plays an intrinsic role in transcriptional regulation. It has been suggested that multiple histone modifications act in a combinatorial fashion to form a ‘histone code’. In this study, the combinatorial patterns of histone modifications were studied by using a Bayesian network at the level of individual nucleosomes in S. cerevisiae. Our results indicated that there were 23 combinatorial patterns for 12 histone modifications investigated when a general Bayesian network was constructed. Meanwhile, different networks were also constructed for the genes with high transcript levels (H‐network) and low transcript levels (L‐network), respectively. Comparison among the general network, H‐network and L‐network illustrated four conserved combinations: H2BK16Ac → H3K4me3; H3K14Ac → H3K4me3; H2AK7Ac → H3K14Ac; and H4K12Ac → H3K18Ac. The detailed analysis for some combinations demonstrated that the combinations were ascribed to some histone‐modifying enzymes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐Term and Mid‐Term Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy with Ileal Interposition
Authors: Tinoco Augusto , El‐Kadre Luciana , Aquiar Livia , Tinoco Renam , Savassi‐Rocha Paulo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundStandard surgical procedures used for the treatment of morbid obesity constitute optional treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the short‐ and mid‐term effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) with ileal interposition (II) in T2DM patients (n = 30).MethodsThe variables investigated were the feasibility of the procedure, remission/alleviation of the disease, morbidity, mortality, and weight loss. Patients were followed during a period of 6–18 months after surgery.ResultsThe average time required for the surgical procedure was 181.47 ± 53.23 min, and the mean duration of postoperative hospital stay was 3.17 ± 0.79 days. There were no intraoperative complications, and none of the patients required conversion to open surgery. Postoperatively, all patients experienced a significant weight loss: i.e., the mean body mass index (BMI) values prior to and following surgery were significantly different (P = 0.0001). Postoperative levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, and fructosamine were significantly reduced (P = 0.0001, 0.0001, and 0.0004, respectively) from those detected prior to surgery. Remission of T2DM was observed in 80% of the patients over the follow‐up period, and these subjects no longer required treatment with hypoglycemic drugs or diet. The remaining 20% of patients presented significant improvement in their condition but needed an oral hypoglycemic medication.ConclusionsAdequate glycemic control, adjustable weight loss, and absence of nutritional deficiencies were the main benefits offered by the surgical intervention. The results indicate that SG/II treatment could be a promising alternative for patients with T2DM.