bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrology, chemistry and phase relations of borosilicate phases in phlogopite diopsidites and granitic pegmatites from the Tranomaro belt, SE Madagascar; boron-fluid evolution
Authors: Razakamanana Théodore , Windley Brian F. , Ackermand Dietrich 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

The boron-bearing minerals grandidierite, werdingite, serendibite and sinhalite are common in high-grade rocks of the Tranomaro belt in southeastern Madagascar. The mutual occurrence of these phases allows a new understanding of the role of boron-rich fluids in the crustal evolution of Gondwana, and we provide critical borosilicate data to constrain that development. We distinguish two types of grandidierite depending on their B
2
O
3
and Al
2
O
3
contents and on their relations with associated borosilicate phases. (1) At Vohibola the presence of sinhalite and serendibite associated with phlogopite lenses in metasedimentary diopsidites indicates an evaporitic origin from calc-silicate sediments. (2) At Cape Andrahomana borosilicates are associated with pegmatites and granites that were emplaced along shear zones on the boundary of the Tranomaro belt. The shear zones acted as conduits for boron-bearing fluids and for granitic partial melts, which had derived their boron from calc-silicate sedimentary protoliths. Using geothermometry and geobarometry of minerals from associated rocks, we calculate that ambient pressures and temperatures changed in time from 7.5 to 4.0 kbar and from
c
. 800 °C to 700 °C. Our results confirm the important role of shear zones in channelling the fluid flow of boron-bearing fluids that were derived from crustal melt granites in the same shear zones, but that ultimately derived their boron from early metasediments. We provide new information on the mineralogy, phase assemblages and paragenetic history of multiple borosilicates.
Reconstruction and interpretation of giant mafic dyke swarms: a case study of 1.78 Ga magmatism in the North China craton
Authors: Peng Peng 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Short-lived giant mafic dyke swarms are keys to the interpretation of continental evolution and tectonics, reconstruction of continental palaeogeographical regimes, and petrogenesis of volcanism. The 1.78 Ga Taihang–Lvliang dyke swarm, one of the most significant and best-preserved Precambrian swarms in the central part of the North China craton (NCC), is reviewed and discussed. It is interpreted to have a radiating geometry that is compatible with the Xiong'er triple-junction rift, in which the Xiong'er volcanic province is proposed to be the extrusive counterpart of this swarm. It resulted in significant extension, uplift and magmatic accretion of the NCC, and it is comparable with the Phanerozoic large igneous provinces (LIPs) in areal extent (
c.
0.3 Mkm
2
) and estimated volume (
c.
0.3 Mkm
3
), short lifespan (<20 Ma), and intraplate setting. This North China LIP is unique in that it comprises large volumes of both mafic and intermediate components. It could have resulted from extensive mantle–crust interaction, probably driven by a large-scale mantle upwelling. A plume tectonic model is favoured by several lines of supporting evidence (i.e. massive volcanic flows correlated over large areas and a giant fanning dyke swarm with plume-affinitive chemistry). It could responsible for massive sulphide (Pb–Zn) and gold (Au–Ag) ore deposits in the Xiong'er volcanic province. Dismembered remnants of this magmatism in other block(s), with potential candidates in South America, Australia and India, could identify other cratonic blocks that were formerly connected to the North China craton.
Parallel Solvers for Sylvester-Type Matrix Equations with Applications in Condition Estimation, Part I
Authors: Granat Robert , Kågström Bo 
Published: September 2010

Parallel ScaLAPACK-style algorithms for solving eight common standard and generalized Sylvester-type matrix equations and various sign and transposed variants are presented. All algorithms are blocked variants based on the Bartels--Stewart method and involve four major steps: reduction to triangular form, updating the right-hand side with respect to the reduction, computing the solution to the reduced triangular problem, and transforming the solution back to the original coordinate system. Novel parallel algorithms for solving reduced triangular matrix equations based on wavefront-like traversal of the right-hand side matrices are presented together with a generic scalability analysis. These algorithms are used in condition estimation and new robust parallel sep
− 1
-estimators are developed. Experimental results from three parallel platforms, including results from a mixed OpenMP/MPI platform, are presented and analyzed using several performance and accuracy metrics. The analysis includes results regarding general and triangular parallel solvers as well as parallel condition estimators.
Hardware-Accelerated RNA Secondary-Structure Alignment
Authors: Moscola James , Cytron Ron K. , Cho Young H. 
Published: September 2010

The search for homologous RNA molecules---sequences of RNA that might behave simiarly due to similarity in their physical (secondary) structure---is currently a computationally intensive task. Moreover, RNA sequences are populating genome databases at a pace unmatched by gains in standard processor performance. While software tools such as Infernal can efficiently find homologies among RNA families and genome databases of modest size, the continuous advent of new RNA families and the explosive growth in volume of RNA sequences necessitate a faster approach.
This work introduces two different architectures for accelerating the task of finding homologous RNA molecules in a genome database. The first architecture takes advantage of the tree-like configuration of the covariance models used to represent the consensus secondary structure of an RNA family and converts it directly into a highly-pipelined processing engine. Results for this architecture show a 24× speedup over Infernal when processing a small RNA model. It is estimated that the architecture could potentially offer several thousands of times speedup over Infernal on larger models, provided that there are sufficient hardware resources available.
The second architecture is introduced to address the steep resource requirements of the first architecture. It utilizes a uniform array of processing elements and schedules all of the computations required to scan for an RNA homolog onto those processing elements. The estimated speedup for this architecture over the Infernal software package ranges from just under 20× to over 2,350×.
What is memristor?
Authors: Chen Yiran 
Published: September 2010

The well-known three basic passive circuit elements - resistor (R), capacitor (C), and inductor (L), defines the three mathematical relations connecting the pairings of four fundamental circuit variables: electric current (i), voltage (v), electrical charge (q) and magnetic flux (phi) as:
dV = R * di (resistance)
dq = C * dv (capacitance)
d(phi) = L * di (inductance)
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Studies of CYT-6091, a Novel PEGylated Colloidal Gold-rhTNF Nanomedicine
Authors: Libutti Steven K. , Paciotti Giulio F. , Byrnes Adriana A. , Alexander H. Richard , Gannon William E. , Walker Melissa , Seidel Geoffrey D. , Yuldasheva Nargiza , Tamarkin Lawrence 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Purpose: A novel nanomedicine, CYT-6091, constructed by simultaneously binding recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (rhTNF) and thiolyated polyethylene glycol to the surface of 27-nm colloidal gold particles, was tested in a phase I dose escalation clinical trial in advanced stage cancer patients.
Experimental Design: CYT-6091, whose dosing was based on the amount of rhTNF in the nanomedicine, was injected intravenously, and 1 cycle of treatment consisted of 2 treatments administered 14 days apart.
Results: Doses from 50 μg/m2 to 600 μg/m2 were well tolerated, and no maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was reached, as the highest dose exceeded the target dosage of 1-mg rhTNF per treatment, exceeding the previous MTD for native rhTNF by 3-fold. The first 2 patients on the study, each receiving 50 μg/m2, did not receive any prophylactic antipyretics or H2 blockade. A predicted, yet controllable fever occurred in these patients, so all subsequently treated patients received prophylactic antipyretics and H2 blockers. However, even at the highest dose rhTNF's dose-limiting toxic effect of hypotension was not seen. Using electron microscopy to visualize nanoparticles of gold in patient biopsies of tumor and healthy tissue showed that patient biopsies taken 24 hours after treatment had nanoparticles of gold in tumor tissue.
Conclusions: These data indicate that rhTNF formulated as CYT-6091 may be administered systemically at doses of rhTNF that were previously shown to be toxic and that CYT-6091 may target to tumors. Future clinical studies will focus on combining CYT-6091 with approved chemotherapies for the systemic treatment of nonresectable cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 16(24); 6139–49. ©2010 AACR.
Association Between Prehospital Time Intervals and ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction System Performance
Authors: Studnek Jonathan R. , Garvey Lee , Blackwell Tom , Vandeventer Steven , Ward Steven R. 
Published: September 2010

Background—
Among individuals experiencing an ST segment–elevation myocardial infarction, current guidelines recommend that the interval from first medical contact to percutaneous coronary intervention be ≤90 minutes. The objective of this study was to determine whether prehospital time intervals were associated with ST-elevation myocardial infarction system performance, defined as first medical contact to percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results—
Study patients presented with an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction diagnosed by prehospital ECG between May 2007 and March 2009. Prehospital time intervals were as follows: 9-1-1 call receipt to ambulance on scene ≤10 minutes, ambulance on scene to 12-lead ECG acquisition ≤8 minutes, on-scene time ≤15 minutes, prehospital ECG acquisition to ST-elevation myocardial infarction team notification ≤10 minutes, and scene departure to patient on cardiac catheterization laboratory table ≤30 minutes. Time intervals were derived and analyzed with descriptive statistics and logistic regression. There were 181 prehospital patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention, with 165 (91.1) having complete data. Logistic regression indicated that table time, response time, and on-scene time were the benchmark time intervals with the greatest influence on the probability of achieving percutaneous coronary intervention in ≤90 minutes. Individuals with a time from scene departure to arrival on cardiac catheterization laboratory table of ≤30 minutes were 11.1 times (3.4 to 36.0) more likely to achieve percutaneous coronary intervention in ≤90 minutes than those with extended table times.

Conclusions—
In this patient population, prehospital timing benchmarks were associated with system performance. Although meeting all 5 benchmarks may be an ideal goal, this model may be more useful for identifying areas for system improvement that will have the greatest clinical impact.
Anomalous Mitral Arcade in Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Authors: Losada Elizabeth , Moon-Grady Anita J. , Strohsnitter William C. , Wu Danny , Ursell Philip C. 
Published: September 2010

Background—
Echocardiography has documented acquired pulmonary stenosis and cardiomyopathy in recipient fetuses in twin-twin transfusion syndrome. At autopsy, we also have identified anomalous mitral arcade, a rare valve deformity associated with mitral regurgitation.

Methods and Results—
To identify a profile for anomalous mitral arcade, we compared clinicopathological data from 11 sets of autopsied twin-twin transfusion syndrome fetuses, including 4 twin pairs in whom the recipient had anomalous mitral arcade (affected) and 7 pairs in whom both had structurally normal mitral valves (unaffected). Anomalous mitral arcade was characterized by a thick fibrous band at the free margin of the leaflets tethering papillary muscles and absent/short tendinous cords. One affected recipient also had pulmonary stenosis and tricuspid valve dysplasia. In all 11 sets, recipient hearts were larger than paired donor hearts. All 11 recipients had moderate to severe cardiac dysfunction by echocardiography. Echocardiography disclosed left atrial enlargement in all affected recipients but none of the unaffected recipients. Mitral regurgitation was present before demise in all affected recipients evaluated with color Doppler. Progressive decrease in mitral leaflet mobility was noted in those affected recipients with serial echocardiography.

Conclusions—
Previously unreported in twin-twin transfusion syndrome, anomalous mitral arcade was identified in 4 of 11 recipient fetuses (36%) in this autopsy series. Ultrasound or echocardiographic evidence of left atrial dilation, mitral regurgitation, and decreased leaflet mobility in recipients should raise suspicion for anomalous mitral arcade. Development of anomalous mitral arcade in twin-twin transfusion syndrome recipients suggests that the lesion is an acquired valve deformity in this setting, not a malformation.
Cost-Effectiveness of Using High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein to Identify Intermediate- and Low-Cardiovascular-Risk Individuals for Statin Therapy
Authors: Lee Keane K. , Cipriano Lauren E. , Owens Douglas K. , Go Alan S. , Hlatky Mark A. 
Published: September 2010

Background—
Many myocardial infarctions and strokes occur in individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels below recommended treatment thresholds. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) testing has been advocated to identify low- and intermediate-risk individuals who may benefit from statin therapy.

Methods and Results—
A decision analytic Markov model was used to follow hypothetical cohorts of individuals with normal lipid levels but without coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, or diabetes mellitus. The model compared current Adult Treatment Panel III practice guidelines, a strategy of hs-CRP screening in those without an indication for statin treatment by current practice guidelines followed by treatment only in those with elevated hs-CRP levels, and a strategy of statin therapy at specified predicted risk thresholds without hs-CRP testing. Risk-based treatment without hs-CRP testing was the most cost-effective strategy, assuming that statins were equally effective regardless of hs-CRP status. However, if normal hs-CRP levels identified a subgroup with little or no benefit from statin therapy (<20% relative risk reduction), then hs-CRP screening would be the optimal strategy. If harms from statin use were greater than generally recognized, then use of current clinical guidelines would be the optimal strategy.

Conclusion—
Risk-based statin treatment without hs-CRP testing is more cost-effective than hs-CRP screening, assuming that statins have good long-term safety and provide benefits among low-risk people with normal hs-CRP.
Estimating Snow Water Equivalent Using Snow Depth Data and Climate Classes
Authors: Sturm Matthew , Taras Brian , Liston Glen E. , Derksen Chris , Jonas Tobias , Lea Jon 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn many practical applications snow depth is known, but snow water equivalent (SWE) is needed as well. Measuring SWE takes ∼20 times as long as measuring depth, which in part is why depth measurements outnumber SWE measurements worldwide. Here a method of estimating snow bulk density is presented and then used to convert snow depth to SWE. The method is grounded in the fact that depth varies over a range that is many times greater than that of bulk density. Consequently, estimates derived from measured depths and modeled densities generally fall close to measured values of SWE. Knowledge of snow climate classes is used to improve the accuracy of the estimation procedure. A statistical model based on a Bayesian analysis of a set of 25 688 depth–density–SWE data collected in the United States, Canada, and Switzerland takes snow depth, day of the year, and the climate class of snow at a selected location from which it produces a local bulk density estimate. When converted to SWE and tested against two continental-scale datasets, 90% of the computed SWE values fell within ±8 cm of the measured values, with most estimates falling much closer.
Detiding Shipboard ADCP Data in Eastern Boundary Current
Authors: Vazquez Heriberto Jesus , Gomez-Valdes Jose , Ortiz Modesto , Dworak Juan Adolfo 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Spatiotemporal fitting by the least squares method is commonly applied to distinguish the mean flow from the tidal current from shipboard ADCP data in coastal ocean. To analyze this technique in a pelagic region of an eastern boundary current system, a 6-yr period of shipboard ADCP data off Baja California is examined. A diverse set of basis functions is studied and a global tidal model is used for comparison purposes. The Gaussian function together with a nodal configuration of one node in the middle and close to the coast of the region is the best option. However, to obtain the optimal solution, the geostrophic flow, which is stronger than the tidal flow and highly variable off Baja California, might be removed prior to fitting the data. In general, the semimajor axis of the tidal ellipse (M2) is parallel to the coast and the phase speed is poleward and parallel to the coast, in agreement with Kelvin wave dynamics. Because the tides in eastern boundary currents are explained by Kelvin wave dynamics, the use of both the velocity field without geostrophic variability and the Gaussian function in the spatiotemporal fitting by least squares technique is a promising tool for detiding shipboard ADCP data from these systems.
Forecast Skill of Synoptic Conditions Associated with Santa Ana Winds in Southern California
Authors: Jones Charles , Fujioka Francis , Carvalho Leila M. V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSanta Ana winds (SAW) are synoptically driven mesoscale winds observed in Southern California usually during late fall and winter. Because of the complex topography of the region, SAW episodes can sometimes be extremely intense and pose significant environmental hazards, especially during wildfire incidents. A simple set of criteria was used to identify synoptic-scale conditions associated with SAW events in the NCEP–Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis. SAW events start in late summer and early fall, peak in December–January, and decrease by early spring. The typical duration of SAW conditions is 1–3 days, although extreme cases can last more than 5 days. SAW events exhibit large interannual variations and possible mechanisms responsible for trends and low-frequency variations need further study. A climate run of the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS) model showed good agreement and generally small differences with the observed climatological characteristics of SAW conditions.Nonprobabilistic and probabilistic forecasts of synoptic-scale conditions associated with SAW were derived from NCEP CFS reforecasts. The CFS model exhibits small systematic biases in sea level pressure and surface winds in the range of a 1–4-week lead time. Several skill measures indicate that nonprobabilistic forecasts of SAW conditions are typically skillful to about a 6–7-day lead time and large interannual variations are observed. NCEP CFS reforecasts were also applied to derive probabilistic forecasts of synoptic conditions during SAW events and indicate skills to about a 6-day lead time.
Small-dense LDL and LDL glycation in metabolic syndrome and in statin-treated and non-statin-treated type 2 diabetes
Authors: Younis Nahla N , Soran Handrean , Sharma Reena , Charlton-Menys Valentine , Greenstein Adam , Elseweidy Mohamed M , Durrington Paul N 
Published: September 2010

Small-dense LDL (SD-LDL) has been particularly implicated in atherosclerosis. It has previously been reported that in non-diabetic people SD-LDL is preferentially glycated. The distribution of glycated apolipoprotein B (glyc-apoB) in lipoproteins in metabolic syndrome (MS) and in type 2 diabetes has not previously been studied. Plasma apoB and glyc-apoB were determined in different apoB-containing lipoproteins including buoyant and SD-LDL in MS ( n=18) and type 2 diabetes (DM) [ n=48; 12 statin-untreated (DM−S) and 36 statin-treated (DM+S)]. Plasma glyc-apoB was 5.6 ± 0.9, 3.5 ± 0.5 and 4.0 ± 0.2 mg/dl in DM−S, DM+S and MS, respectively. The glycated proportion of SD-LDL-apoB was greater than buoyant LDL in all groups. SD-LDL contributed most to plasma glyc-apoB in DM−S, because SD-LDL-apoB was higher in DM−S than in MS and DM+S ( p < 0.001). Plasma glyc-apoB correlated with SD-LDL-apoB ( r=0.74, p < 0.0001 in diabetes and r=0.53, p < 0.001 in MS), but not with HbA1c. SD-LDL is preferentially glycated in type 2 diabetes and MS. Its concentration is a stronger determinant of plasma glycapoB than glycaemia. Statin-induced changes in its level may be important in decreasing apoB glycation in diabetes. These findings may explain the small effect of improving glycaemia relative to statin treatment in reducing atherosclerosis risk in type 2 diabetes and the increased risk in MS even before the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Aluminum adjuvants elicit fibrin-dependent extracellular traps in vivo
Authors: Munks Michael W. , McKee Amy S. , MacLeod Megan K. , Powell Roger L. , Degen Jay L. , Reisdorph Nichole A. , Kappler John W. , Marrack Philippa 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
It has been recognized for nearly 80 years that insoluble aluminum salts are good immunologic adjuvants and that they form long-lived nodules in vivo. Nodule formation has long been presumed to be central for adjuvant activity by providing an antigen depot, but the composition and function of these nodules is poorly understood. We show here that aluminum salt nodules formed within hours of injection and contained the clotting protein fibrinogen. Fibrinogen was critical for nodule formation and required processing to insoluble fibrin by thrombin. DNase treatment partially disrupted the nodules, and the nodules contained histone H3 and citrullinated H3, features consistent with extracellular traps. Although neutrophils were not essential for nodule formation, CD11b+ cells were implicated. Vaccination of fibrinogen-deficient mice resulted in normal CD4 T-cell and antibody responses and enhanced CD8 T-cell responses, indicating that nodules are not required for aluminum's adjuvant effect. Moreover, the ability of aluminum salts to retain antigen in the body, the well-known depot effect, was unaffected by the absence of nodules. We conclude that aluminum adjuvants form fibrin-dependent nodules in vivo, that these nodules have properties of extracellular traps, and the nodules are not required for aluminum salts to act as adjuvants.