bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Strategies to Enhance Community-Based Naloxone Distribution Supported by an Opioid Settlement
Authors: Zang Xiao , Skinner Alexandra , Krieger Maxwell S. , Behrends Czarina N. , Park Ju N. , Green Traci C. , Walley Alexander Y. , Morgan Jake R. , Linas Benjamin P. , Yedinak Jesse L. , Schackman Bruce R. , Marshall Brandon D. L. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceMany US states are substantially increasing community-based naloxone distribution, supported in part through settlements from opioid manufacturers and distributors.ObjectivesTo evaluate the potential impact of increased naloxone availability on opioid overdose deaths (OODs) and explore strategies to enhance this impact by integrating interventions to address solitary drug use.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis decision analytical modeling study used PROFOUND (Prevention and Rescue of Fentanyl and Other Opioid Overdoses Using Optimized Naloxone Distribution Strategies), a previously published simulation model, to forecast annual OODs between January 2023 and December 2025. The simulated study population included individuals from Rhode Island who misused opioids and stimulants and were at risk for opioid overdose.ExposuresThe study modeled expanded naloxone distribution supported by the state’s opioid settlement (50 000 naloxone nasal spray kits each year). Two approaches to expanding naloxone distribution were evaluated: one based on historical spatial patterns of naloxone distribution (supply-based approach) and one based on the spatial distribution of individuals at risk (demand-based approach). In addition, hypothetical interventions to enhance the likelihood of witnessed overdoses in private or semiprivate settings were considered.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAnnual number of OODs and ratio of fatal to nonfatal opioid overdoses.ResultsModeling results indicated that distributing more naloxone supported by the state’s opioid settlement could reduce OODs by 6.3% (95% simulation interval [SI], 0.3%-13.7%) and 8.8% (95% SI, 1.8%-17.5%) in 2025 with the supply-based and demand-based approaches, respectively. However, increasing witnessed overdoses by 20% to 60% demonstrated greater potential for reducing OODs, ranging from 8.5% (95% SI, 0.0%-20.3%) to 24.1% (95% SI, 8.6%-39.3%). Notably, synergistic associations were observed when combining both interventions: increased naloxone distribution with the 2 approaches and a 60% increase in witnessed overdoses could reduce OODs in 2025 by 33.5% (95% SI, 17.1%-50.4%) and 37.4% (95% SI, 19.6%-56.3%), respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that interventions to address solitary drug use are needed to maximize the impact of continued efforts to increase community-based naloxone distribution, which may be particularly important for jurisdictions that have strong community-based naloxone distribution programs.
Recommendations for using analytical anisotropic algorithm and AcurosXB for epidermal dose calculations in breast radiotherapy from an in vivo Gafchromic film study
Authors: Malhotra Aria , Carpentier Emilie E. , Duzenli Cheryl 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study recommends clinical epidermal dose calculation methods based on in‐vivo film measurements and registered skin dose distributions with the Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems) treatment planning system's Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) and Acuros XB (AXB) dose calculation algorithms.Materials and methodsEighteen AAA V13.6 breast plans were recalculated using AXB (dose to medium) V13.5 with the same beam parameters and monitor units as in the original plans. These are compared against in‐vivo Gafchromic film measurements from the lateral and inferior breast regions. Three skin structures in the treatment planning system are evaluated: a surface layer of voxels of the body contour, a 0.2 cm internal skin rind, and a 0.5 cm internal skin rind.ResultsSystematic shifts are demonstrated between the film measurements of skin dose and the Eclipse dose calculations. On average, the dose to the surface layer of pixels is underestimated by AAA by 8% and overestimated by AXB by 3%. A 5 mm skin rind extended into the body can increase epidermal dose calculations on average by 8% for AAA and 4% for AXB.ConclusionThis is the first study to register in‐vivo skin dose distributions in the breast to the treatment planning system for comparison. Based on the results from this study it is recommended that epidermal dose is calculated with a 0.5 cm skin rind for the AAA algorithm and with rind thickness up to 0.2 cm for the AXB algorithm.
SnO2 Surface Modification and Perovskite Buried Interface Passivation by 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Qing , Meng Xiangxin , Liu Gang , Duan Shaocong , Hu Die , Shen Bo , Kang Bonan , Silva S. Ravi P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFlexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received great attention due to their low weight, high power ratio, and potential applications in wearable electronic products. The efficiency and stability of flexible PSCs are directly affected by the carrier extraction and transport capabilities of electron transport layer. Herein, efficient flexible PSCs are prepared through incorporating 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) multifunctional intermediate layer between tin oxide (SnO2) and perovskite, which can effectively eliminate defects at the interfacial to increase the electron mobility of the SnO2 layer, modify the surface of SnO2 to shift the conduction band upward to improve interface charge extraction, passivate the buried interface of perovskite to induce larger perovskite crystal growth, and establish a bridge between SnO2 and perovskite to improve charge collection efficiency. As a result, the rigid PSCs with FDCA display a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.53% with a high open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.204 V. Furthermore, the flexible device with FDCA achieves a high PCE of 22.10%, and preserve 90% of its initial PCE after aging for 500 h at ambient condition without encapsulation, and maintain 81% of its original PCE after 10,000 bending cycles.
Distributed Feedback Lasing in Thermally Imprinted Phase‐Stabilized CsPbI3 Thin Films
Authors: Kurahashi Naho , Runkel Manuel , Kreusel Cedric , Schiffer Maximilian , Maschwitz Timo , Kraus Timo , Brinkmann Kai Oliver , Heiderhoff Ralf , Buchmüller Maximilian , Schumacher Sven Oliver , Brunner Julius , Rogalla Detlef , Özen Sercan , Lang Felix , Vaynzof Yana , Görrn Patrick , Riedl Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAll‐inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbX3, with X = I, Br, Cl) are of great interest for light‐emitting diodes and lasers, as they promise improved thermal stability compared to their organic–inorganic analogues. However, among this family of materials, CsPbI3 shows a detrimental phase instability that causes the perovskite to convert to a thermodynamically preferred non‐perovskite phase (yellow phase) at room temperature. In fact, reports on lasers using thin films of CsPbI3 as gain medium are missing, as of yet. Here, the first distributed feedback (DFB) lasers based on CsPbI3 thin films are presented with a resonator directly patterned into the perovskite by thermal nanoimprint. This breakthrough is unlocked by the additive polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), that affords the formation of perovskite layers consisting of phase stable γ‐CsPbI3 nanocrystals, that are even preserved during thermal imprint at 170 °C. The DFB lasers show a low lasing threshold of 45 µJ cm−2 at room temperature under optical pumping and a tunable emission in the deep red spectral region between 714.1 to 723.4 nm. It is anticipated that the findings of this work will have a broad relevance for future electrically driven perovskite lasers and for light‐emitting diodes based on CsPbI3 as active medium.
Enhanced and Balanced Carrier Mobility Via n‐Type SnS Dopant Enables High‐Performance Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Fenghua , Yin Yinong , Li Mandi , Liu Yang , Jiang Jun , Li Xiong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe unbalanced electron‐hole mobility is the major bottleneck for boosting the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells. In this study, 2D n‐type inorganic semiconductor material tin sulfide (SnS) is prepared and introduced into the PM6:Y6 bulk heterojunction organic solar cells to improve photovoltaic performance. The incorporation of SnS promotes Y6 crystallization, and renders the face‐on orientation of Y6 molecules dominant. The improved active layer morphology suppresses carrier recombination and strengthens the electron transport. The electron mobility increases significantly from 4.71 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 to 7.61 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 with the hole/electron mobilities (µh/µe) value reducing from 1.67 to 1.11. With enhanced and balanced carrier mobility, the open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current density and fill factor of the SnS‐doped PM6:Y6 organic solar cells are improved simultaneously, and the power conversion efficiency is boosted from 16.66 to 18.50%. Additionally, the SnS doped devices exhibit better thermal and storage stability. The improved photovoltaic performance is further verified in PM6:L8‐BO and D18:Y6 based organic solar cells. This work demonstrates that n‐type SnS dopant is an efficient and universal method to improve photovoltaic performance of non‐fullerene organic solar cells.
Multi‐Functional Interface Passivation via Guanidinium Iodide Enables Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Su Jian , Hu Tao , Chen Xin , Zhang Xianwei , Fang Ning , Hao Jican , Guo Huafei , Jiang Sai , Gu Ding , Qiu Jianhua , Zhang Han , Zhou Ziyao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPerovskite solar cells have become a leading contender in next‐generation photovoltaic technologies due to their high efficiency and low‐cost potential. Managing the deep defects present effectively in the crystal lattice and at the interfaces is essential for enhancing the performance and longevity of perovskite solar cells. Here, perovskite's crystallization modulation and interfacial defect passivation are achieved by developing a guanidinium iodide (GAI)‐based surface passivation strategy. The integration of GAI passivates the grain boundaries, leading to a perovskite thin film with a smoother and more uniform grain distribution, facilitating charge carrier transport. Notably, the ammonium group, unsaturated nitrogen atoms, and iodide ions in GAI can collectively repair the surface defects of perovskite through various pathways, effectively suppressing non‐radiative recombination, thereby enhancing the photovoltaic performance of the device. Ultimately, the champion device treated with GAI achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.02% and demonstrates similar ambient stability under unencapsulated conditions. These findings underscore the effectiveness of GAI passivation as a strategy to balance the improvement of the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.
Rational Designed Metal–Organic Framework with Nanocavity Traps for Selectively Recognizing and Separating of Radioactive Thorium in Rare Earth Wastewater
Authors: Song An‐Min , Yang Meng‐Jie , Wu Zhi , Yang Qing , Lin Bin , Liang Ru‐Ping , Qiu Jian‐Ding 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFacing the complex coexistence of various metal ions in wastewater and mineral resources, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with diverse functionalities and tunable pores are poised to serve as distinctive solutions for efficiently recognizing and selectively separating radioactive thorium (Th(IV)). Herein, a fluorescent MOF (DBT‐DHTA‐Cd) with unique thorium nanocavity traps is rationally designed by using two rigid ligands, including azole and hydroxyl groups, respectively. Notably, the synergistic effect of the appropriate pore size and dense hydroxyl···N nanocavity traps in DBT‐DHTA‐Cd results in selective capture of Th(IV), arising from the high charge density of nano‐trap and extremely low binding energy (Eads = −602.7 KJ mol−1). The fast adsorption kinetics (30 min) and rapid fluorescence response (1 min) of DBT‐DHTA‐Cd toward Th(IV) are attributed to the stronger electron holding capacity of the d and f orbitals belonged to Th(IV), making it more prone to accepting electrons transferred from the N/O active sites in the nano‐trap. As a verification test, tailing breakthrough experiments confirm that DBT‐DHTA‐Cd can efficiently purify Th(IV) from monazite mining solid waste in one step. This work provides profound insights into relationship between structure and property of MOFs and has valuable guidance for designing materials in the radioactive purification field.
Iodinated Cyanoacrylate‐Based Novel Liquid Embolic Compositions with Inherent Radiopacity for Endovascular Embolization
Authors: Jeon Seong Ik , Park Hyun Jae , Cho Hanhee , Hur Saebeom , Kim Young Il , Jae Hwan Jun , Ahn Cheol‐Hee 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEndovascular embolization is a promising therapeutic approach broadening its application area due to its minimal invasiveness and short operation time, wherein lesional blood vessels are occluded with liquid embolic agents under X‐ray imaging guidance. Histoacryl and its composition with Lipiodol are one of the most widely used liquid embolic agents, however, Histoacryl has critical limitations, such as lack of innate X‐ray visibility and strong adhesion to microcatheter. In this study, three different iodinated cyanoacrylates are newly synthesized as alternatives to Histoacryl and employed to develop liquid embolic compositions. Among them, 4‐iodobutyl 2‐cyanoacrylate (IBCA) is most preferable with high iodine content (730 mgI mL−1) and fast polymerization. The IBCA‐based embolic compositions containing ethyl oleate and acetic acid showed moderate viscosity and reduced catheter adhesiveness (≈0.80 N), and their polymerization time is freely controllable from 2 to 15 s. In the embolization test with rabbit models, the renal artery is successfully occluded by IBCA‐based embolic compositions without vascular recanalization or nontarget embolization for 4 w. Their embolic effect is further evaluated using swine models, demonstrating the practical applicability in the clinic. In conclusion, IBCA and its compositions are determined to have great potential as novel liquid embolic agents.
Millifluidic Nanogenerator Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Device for Blood Electrical Conductivity Monitoring at Low Frequency
Authors: Luo Jianzhe , Lu Wenyun , Jang Daeik , Zhang Qianyun , Meng Wenxuan , Wells Alan , Alavi Amir H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe electrical conductivity of blood is a crucial physiological parameter with diverse applications in medical diagnostics. Here, a novel approach utilizing a portable millifluidic nanogenerator lab‐on‐a‐chip device for measuring blood conductivity at low frequencies, is introduced. The proposed device employs blood as a conductive substance within its built‐in triboelectric nanogenerator system. The voltage generated by this blood‐based nanogenerator device is analyzed to determine the electrical conductivity of the blood sample. The self‐powering functionality of the device eliminates the need for complex embedded electronics and external electrodes. Experimental results using simulated body fluid and human blood plasma demonstrate the device's efficacy in detecting variations in conductivity related to changes in electrolyte concentrations. Furthermore, artificial intelligence models are used to analyze the generated voltage patterns and to estimate the blood electrical conductivity. The models exhibit high accuracy in predicting conductivity based solely on the device‐generated voltage. The 3D‐printed, disposable design of the device enhances portability and usability, providing a point‐of‐care solution for rapid blood conductivity assessment. A comparative analysis with traditional conductivity measurement methods highlights the advantages of the proposed device in terms of simplicity, portability, and adaptability for various applications beyond blood analysis.
Electrospray Deposition for Electronic Thin Films on 3D Freeform Surfaces: From Mechanisms to Applications
Authors: Lai Wuxing , Di Linsen , Zhao Chenyang , Tian Yu , Duan Yongqing , Pan Yanqiao , Ye Dong , Jiang Lang , Guo Yunlong , He Gang , Deng Weiwei , Guan Yin , Huang YongAn 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectronic thin films play a ubiquitous role in microelectronic devices and especially hold great promise for flexible electronics, energy conversion and storage, and biomedical applications. Their characterizations, including ultra‐thin, large‐scale dimensions, stretchability, and conformal ability to curved or 3D structures, present new challenges for thin film fabrication based on the solution method. Electrospray deposition emerges as a feasible method for fabricating large‐area, flexible, and curved films. It offers many advantages such as material adaptability, controlled atomization, tunable film morphology, and shape retention on complex substrates. These advantages make it a key method for fabricating high‐performance films on large‐area, 3D surfaces. This work presents a comprehensive review of the mechanisms, processes, applications, and equipment of electrospray deposition. First, the fundamental principles of electrospray deposition are introduced, focusing on the mechanisms and scaling laws of liquid atomization. Moreover, the control methods for electrospray modes, structures, and film morphology are discussed. These advanced control methods pave the way for the fabrication of smart skins, wearable devices, and energy conversion and storage components. Finally, this work introduces three types of electrospray deposition manufacturing equipment to illustrate the advantages of electrospray deposition for large‐area, and 3D surface manufacturing.
Novel n–n Type CoCr2O4/NiFe2O4 Heterojunction Photocatalyst: Internal Magnetic Field Control of Photocatalytic Activity, Mechanism Insight and Pathway for Tetracycline Hydrochloride Degradation
Authors: Gao Huajing , Angadi Jagadeesha , Wang Shifa , Zhou Xianju , Li Li , Yang Hua , Ubaidullah Mohd , Li Dengfeng , Prakash Chander , Shaikh Shoyebmohamad F. , Roy Nipa , Joo Sang Woo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHerein, a series of CoCr2O4/wt%NiFe2O4(CCO/wt%NFO) composites are successfully synthesized by a simple solution combustion method combined with mechanical grinding techniques. The preparation of CCO/wt%NFO composites result in an estimation of its photocatalysis performance by removing tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) as a model of antibiotic pollutants. The results show that the percentage of NFO by mass have a great influence on the morphology and the photocatalysis performance of CCO/wt%NFO composites. Superior photocatalysis performance is observed in CCO/25%NFO composites prepared at percentage of NFO is 25%. The photocatalyst used with CCO/25%NFO composites result in a removal ratio of 81% for TC. The generation of hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide anion radical (•O2−) and holes (h+) is largely responsible for degrading TC through photocatalysis in the presence of CCO/wt%NFO composites. The optimal operating conditions involve the initial concentration of TC and pH of TC being 50 mg L−1 and pH = 13, respectively. Furthermore, CCO/wt%NFO is highly reusable and stable during the photocatalytic removal process. The degradation pathway, toxicity, and photocatalytic mechanism of CCO/25%NFO composites for the degradation of TC are extensively examined through mass spectrometry, toxicity analysis, and energy band theory.
Biallelic loss‐of‐function variants of EZH1 cause a novel developmental disorder with central precocious puberty
Authors: Okamoto Nobuhiko , Yoshida Sayaka , Ogitani Ayako , Etani Yuri , Yanagi Kumiko , Kaname Tadashi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPathogenic variants of polycomb repressive complex‐2 (PRC2) subunits are associated with overgrowth syndromes and neurological diseases. EZH2 is a major component of PRC2 and mediates the methylation of H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). Germline variants of EZH2 have been identified as a cause of Weaver syndrome (WS), an overgrowth/intellectual disability (OGID) syndrome characterized by overgrowth, macrocephaly, accelerated bone age, intellectual disability (ID), and characteristic facial features. Germline variants of SUZ12 and EED, other components of PRC2, have also been reported in the WS or Weaver‐like syndrome. EZH1 is a homolog of EZH2 that interchangeably associates with SUZ12 and EED. Recently, pathogenic variants of EZH1 have been reported in individuals with dominant and recessive neurodevelopmental disorders. We herein present sisters with biallelic loss‐of‐function variants of EZH1. They showed developmental delay, ID, and central precocious puberty, but not the features of WS or other OGID syndromes.
Reinforcement learning‐guided control strategies for CAR T‐cell activation and expansion
Authors: Ferdous Sakib , Shihab Ibne Farabi , Chowdhury Ratul , Reuel Nigel F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractReinforcement learning (RL), a subset of machine learning (ML), could optimize and control biomanufacturing processes, such as improved production of therapeutic cells. Here, the process of CAR T‐cell activation by antigen‐presenting beads and their subsequent expansion is formulated in silico. The simulation is used as an environment to train RL‐agents to dynamically control the number of beads in culture to maximize the population of robust effector cells at the end of the culture. We make periodic decisions of incremental bead addition or complete removal. The simulation is designed to operate in OpenAI Gym, enabling testing of different environments, cell types, RL‐agent algorithms, and state inputs to the RL‐agent. RL‐agent training is demonstrated with three different algorithms (PPO, A2C, and DQN), each sampling three different state input types (tabular, image, mixed); PPO‐tabular performs best for this simulation environment. Using this approach, training of the RL‐agent on different cell types is demonstrated, resulting in unique control strategies for each type. Sensitivity to input‐noise (sensor performance), number of control step interventions, and advantages of pre‐trained RL‐agents are also evaluated. Therefore, we present an RL framework to maximize the population of robust effector cells in CAR T‐cell therapy production.
Does government ownership help make private firms greener? Evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Liu Wei , Xiao Haizhen , Xie Renyi , Luo Xiying , Yang Xia , Zhou Jingyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe proponents of the conventional detrimental view contend that government ownership results in efficiency losses, which suggests that it has a negative effect on corporate green innovation at private firms with government shareholders. The beneficial view that we propose in this study is that government ownership helps private firms to acquire the external resources that are needed for green innovation and to share the risks that attend on it, which suggests that government ownership has a positive effect on corporate green innovation at private firms with government shareholders. In this study, we use a large sample of privately controlled enterprises (PCEs) with government shareholders in the Chinese A‐share market to examine the beneficial view. The baseline results show that government ownership of PCEs is positively associated with corporate green innovation. These results are robust to a set of sensitivity tests and endogeneity concerns. Furthermore, the channel analyses show that government ownership of PCEs promotes corporate green innovation through the acquisition of external resources and the sharing of risks. Additionally, the cross‐sectional analyses show that the positive effect of government ownership of PCEs on corporate green innovation is stronger at firms that face more financial constraints, at firms that are subject to greater economic policy uncertainty, and at firms that are located in areas with poorer protection of intellectual property rights. Overall, the results confirm our beneficial view that government ownership has a positive effect on corporate green innovation at private firms with government shareholders.