bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complementing the net benefit approach: A new framework for Bayesian cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Hernández Miguel Angel Negrín , Vázquez-Polo Francisco José , González-Torre Francisco Javier Girón , Bas Elías Moreno 
Published: October 2009

Objectives:The aim of cost-effectiveness analysis is to maximize health benefits from a given budget, taking a societal perspective. Consequently, the comparison of alternative treatments or technologies is solely based on their expected effectiveness and cost. However, the expectation, or mean, poses important limitations as it might be a poor summary of the underlying distribution, for instance when the effectiveness is a categorical variable, or when the distributions of either effectiveness or cost present a high degree of asymmetry. Clinical variables often present these characteristics.Methods:In this study, we present a framework for cost-effectiveness analysis based on the whole posterior distribution of effectiveness and cost.Results:An application with real data is included to illustrate the analysis. Decision-making measures such as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, incremental net-benefit, and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves, can also be defined under the new framework.Conclusions:This framework overcomes limitations of the mean and offers complementary information for the decision maker.
Economic evaluation of a minimal psychological intervention in chronically ill elderly patients with minor or mild to moderate depression: A randomized trial (the DELTA-study)
Authors: Jonkers Catharina C. M. , Lamers Femke , Evers Silvia M. A. A. , Bosma Hans , Metsemakers Job F. , Van Eijk Jacques Th. M. 
Published: October 2009

Objectives: Depression is associated with high healthcare utilization and related costs. Effective treatments might reduce the economic burden. The objective of this study was to establish the cost-utility of a minimal psychological intervention (MPI) aimed at reducing depression and improving quality of life in elderly persons with diabetes or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and co-occurring minor, mild, or moderate depression.Methods: Trial-based cost-utility analysis was used to compare the MPI with usual care. Annual costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) based on the Euroqol (EQ5D) and on depression-free days were calculated.Results: Annual costs and effects were not significantly different for the MPI group and care as usual. Bootstrap analysis indicated a dominant intervention, with a probability of 63 percent that the MPI is less costly and more effective than usual care.Conclusions: The cost-effectiveness analysis does not support dissemination of the MPI in its current form. The economic evaluation study showed limited probability that MPI is cost-effective over usual care. Further adjustments to the MPI are needed to make the intervention suitable for dissemination in regular care. Trial registration: isrctn.org, identifier: ISRCTN92331982.
Cognitive behaviour therapy for a specific phobia of vomiting
Authors: Veale David 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article summarizes the current knowledge and treatment for a specific phobia of vomiting (SPOV). It is relatively uncommon compared to other specific phobias but may have been misdiagnosed in catchment-area surveys. The differential diagnosis of SPOV includes obsessive–compulsive disorder, hypochondriacal disorder and anorexia nervosa. I discuss the following: a model that is linked to past aversive experiences of vomiting; conducting a clinical assessment; making a formulation; psycho-education, engagement and therapy. The strategies employed depend on the formulation but are likely to include: exposure in vivo to cues of vomiting, exposure in imagination and role-plays of vomiting, imagery re-scripting, behavioural experiments; and dropping of safety-seeking behaviours.
Edge states and possible magnetic states in nanographene and open-shell conjugated systems
Authors: Harigaya Kikuo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNanocarbon materials are investigated intensively. In this paper, the edge-state in nanographene materials with zigzag edges is studied theoretically. In particular, while the inter-layer interactions are considered, we prove that edge states exist at the energy of the Dirac point in the doubly stacked nanographene, and in the case of the infinitely-wide lower layer case. This property applies both for the A-B and A-C stackings. We also study possible magnetic properties in fullerenes with defects and buckybowl molecules. When the number of lattice defects in C60 is even, we obtain magnetic and nonmagnetic solutions. The total energy of the nonmagnetic solution is lower than that of the magnetic solution. The occurrence of the localized spin is reduced for finite onsite Coulomb repulsions. When the number of defects is odd, magnetic solutions are obtained only. The spin density reflects the symmetry of the molecules. We also consider possible magnetic states in buckybowl molecules. We find localized spin order in the sumanene molecule and a part of the C60.
Epidemiology and Outcomes of Hospitalizations with Complicated Skin and Skin-Structure Infections: Implications of Healthcare-Associated Infection Risk Factors
Authors: Zilberberg Marya D. , Shorr Andrew F. , Micek Scott T. , Hoban Alex P. , Pham Victor , Doherty Joshua A. , Ramsey Andrew M. , Kollef Marin H. 
Published: October 2009

Objective.Healthcare-associated infections are likely to be caused by drug-resistant and possibly mixed organisms and to be treated with inappropriate antibiotics. Because prompt appropriate treatment is associated with better outcomes, we studied the epidemiology of healthcare-associated complicated skin and skin-structure infections (cSSSIs).Patients.Persons hospitalized with cSSSI and a positive culture result.Methods.We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study from April 2006 through December 2007. We differentiated healthcare-associated from community-acquired cSSSIs by at least 1 of the following risk factors: (1) recent hospitalization, (2) recent antibiotics, (3) hemodialysis, and (4) transfer from a nursing home. Inappropriate treatment was defined as no antimicrobial therapy with activity against the offending pathogen(s) within 24 hours after collection of a culture specimen. Mixed infections were those caused by both a gram-positive and a gram-negative organism.Results.Among 717 hospitalized patients with cSSSI, 527 (73.5%) had healthcare-associated cSSSI. Gram-negative organisms were more common (relative risk, 1.24 [95% confidence interval, 1.14–1.35) and inappropriate treatment trended toward being more common (odds ratio, 1.29 [95% confidence interval, 0.85–1.95]) in healthcare-associated cSSSI than in community-acquired cSSSI. Mixed cSSSIs occurred in 10.6% of patients with healthcare-associated cSSSI and 6.3% of those with community-acquired cSSSI (P = .082) and were more likely to be treated inappropriately than to be nonmixed infections (odds ratio, 2.42 [95% confidence interval, 1.43–4.10]). Both median length of hospital stay (6.2 vs 2.9 days; P < .001) and mortality rate (6.6% vs 1.1%; P = .003) were significantly higher for healthcare-associated cSSSI than community-acquired cSSSI.Conclusions.Healthcare-associated cSSSIs are common and are likely to be caused by gram-negative organisms. Mixed infections carry a <2-fold greater risk of inappropriate treatment. Healthcare-associated cSSSIs are associated with increased mortality and prolonged length of hospital stay, compared with community-acquired cSSSIs.
Accurate confidence aware clustering of array CGH tumor profiles
Authors: van Houte Bart P.P. , Heringa Jaap 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Chromosomal aberrations tend to be characteristic for given (sub)types of cancer. Such aberrations can be detected with array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Clustering aCGH tumor profiles aids in identifying chromosomal regions of interest and provides useful diagnostic information on the cancer type. An important issue here is to what extent individual aCGH tumor profiles can be reliably assigned to clusters associated with a given cancer type.
Results: We introduce a novel evolutionary fuzzy clustering (EFC) algorithm, which is able to deal with overlapping clusterings. Our method assesses these overlaps by using cluster membership degrees, which we use here as a confidence measure for individual samples to be assigned to a given tumor type. We first demonstrate the usefulness of our method using a synthetic aCGH dataset and subsequently show that EFC outperforms existing methods on four real datasets of aCGH tumor profiles involving four different cancer types. We also show that in general best performance is obtained using 1− Pearson correlation coefficient as a distance measure and that extra preprocessing steps, such as segmentation and calling, lead to decreased clustering performance.
Availability: The source code of the program is available from http://ibi.vu.nl/programs/efcwww
Contact: heringa@few.vu.nl
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Reporting bias when using real data sets to analyze classification performance
Authors: Yousefi Mohammadmahdi R. , Hua Jianping , Sima Chao , Dougherty Edward R. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Motivation: It is commonplace for authors to propose a new classification rule, either the operator construction part or feature selection, and demonstrate its performance on real data sets, which often come from high-dimensional studies, such as from gene-expression microarrays, with small samples. Owing to the variability in feature selection and error estimation, individual reported performances are highly imprecise. Hence, if only the best test results are reported, then these will be biased relative to the overall performance of the proposed procedure.
Results: This article characterizes reporting bias with several statistics and computes these statistics in a large simulation study using both modeled and real data. The results appear as curves giving the different reporting biases as functions of the number of samples tested when reporting only the best or second best performance. It does this for two classification rules, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and 3-nearest-neighbor (3NN), and for filter and wrapper feature selection, t-test and sequential forward search. These were chosen on account of their well-studied properties and because they were amenable to the extremely large amount of processing required for the simulations. The results across all the experiments are consistent: there is generally large bias overriding what would be considered a significant performance differential, when reporting the best or second best performing data set. We conclude that there needs to be a database of data sets and that, for those studies depending on real data, results should be reported for all data sets in the database.
Availability: Companion web site at http://gsp.tamu.edu/Publications/supplementary/yousefi09a/
Contact: edward@ece.tamu.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Nanostructured bainite
Authors: Bhadeshia H. K. D. H. 
Published: October 2009

An alloy system based on iron is described in which it has been possible to create a high density of interfaces by heat treatment alone. The resulting structure consists of a mixture of slender platelets of bainitic ferrite, just 20–40 nm in thickness, embedded in a matrix of carbon-enriched austenite. The rate at which this structure evolves is slow by conventional standards, but this permits components to be made which are large in all three dimensions, with uniform properties throughout. The fundamental mechanisms behind this novel nanostructured steel are reviewed, along with the factors determining its strength, ductility and fracture toughness. It is argued that, although reasonable toughness can be achieved in the context of strength levels exceeding 2000 MPa, the impact toughness remains poor and that it may not be possible to improve this particular parameter.
Arabidopsis FAB1/PIKfyve Proteins Are Essential for Development of Viable Pollen
Authors: Whitley Paul , Hinz Steven , Doughty James 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(3,5)P 2] is a phospholipid that has a role in controlling membrane trafficking events in yeast and animal cells. The function of this lipid in plants is unknown, although its synthesis has been shown to be up-regulated upon osmotic stress in plant cells. PtdIns(3,5)P 2 is synthesized by the PIKfyve/Fab1 family of proteins, with two orthologs, FAB1A and FAB1B, being present in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In this study, we attempt to address the role of this lipid by analyzing the phenotypes of plants mutated in FAB1A and FAB1B. It was not possible to generate plants homozygous for mutations in both genes, although single mutants were isolated. Both homozygous single mutant plant lines exhibited a leaf curl phenotype that was more marked in FAB1B mutants. Genetic transmission analysis revealed that failure to generate double mutant lines was entirely due to inviability of pollen carrying mutant alleles of both FAB1A and FAB1B. This pollen displayed severe defects in vacuolar reorganization following the first mitotic division of development. The presence of abnormally large vacuoles in pollen at the tricellular stage resulted in the collapse of the majority of grains carrying both mutant alleles. This demonstrates a crucial role for PtdIns(3,5)P 2 in modulating the dynamics of vacuolar rearrangement essential for successful pollen development. Taken together, our results are consistent with PtdIns(3,5)P 2 production being central to cellular responses to changes in osmotic conditions.
Petunia hybrida
CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE7 Is Involved in the Production of Negative and Positive Branching Signals in Petunia
Authors: Drummond Revel S.M. , Martínez-Sánchez N. Marcela , Janssen Bart J. , Templeton Kerry R. , Simons Joanne L. , Quinn Brian D. , Karunairetnam Sakuntala , Snowden Kimberley C. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
One of the key factors that defines plant form is the regulation of when and where branches develop. The diversity of form observed in nature results, in part, from variation in the regulation of branching between species. Two CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE (CCD) genes, CCD7 and CCD8, are required for the production of a branch-suppressing plant hormone. Here, we report that the decreased apical dominance3 (dad3) mutant of petunia (Petunia hybrida) results from the mutation of the PhCCD7 gene and has a less severe branching phenotype than mutation of PhCCD8 (dad1). An analysis of the expression of this gene in wild-type, mutant, and grafted petunia suggests that in petunia, CCD7 and CCD8 are coordinately regulated. In contrast to observations in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), ccd7ccd8 double mutants in petunia show an additive phenotype. An analysis using dad3 or dad1 mutant scions grafted to wild-type rootstocks showed that when these plants produce adventitious mutant roots, branching is increased above that seen in plants where the mutant roots are removed. The results presented here indicate that mutation of either CCD7 or CCD8 in petunia results in both the loss of an inhibitor of branching and an increase in a promoter of branching.
Evolution of prognostic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan
Authors: NOUSO K. , KOBAYASHI Y. , NAKAMURA S. , KOBAYASHI S. , TOSHIMORI J. , KUWAKI K. , HAGIHARA H. , ONISHI H. , MIYAKE Y. , IKEDA F. , SHIRAHA H. , TAKAKI A. , IWASAKI Y. , KOBASHI H. , YAMAMOTO K. 
Published: October 2009

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 407–414SummaryBackground  The surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become prevalent, and the modalities for its treatment have improved.Aim  To understand the changes that occur in the characteristics and prognostic factors of HCC with time.Methods  Newly diagnosed HCC patients were divided into two groups; patients treated before 31 December 2000 (n = 504), and after 1 January 2001 (n = 746), and their clinical backgrounds and prognostic factors were analysed.Results  The number of patients negative for both Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis C virus antibody (HCVAb) increased with time (NBNC‐HCC). The size of HCC decreased in patients who were positive for HBsAg (B‐HCC) or HCVAb (C‐HCC), whereas no difference was observed in NBNC‐HCC. The patient survival of C‐HCC improved; however, no difference was detected for NBNC‐HCC. In multivariate analysis, low albumin, high aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ascites, large tumour size, multiple tumour number and high alpha‐fetoprotein were risk factors for survival before 2000, whereas the presence of HBsAg was additionally selected as a good prognostic factor and AST was excluded after 2001.Conclusions  The prognostic factors as well as clinical background of HCC changed with time, and the presence of HBsAg was found to be an additional good prognostic factor after 2001.
Profound hypocalcaemia in a patient being anticoagulated with citrate for continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Morgan D. J. R. , Ho K. M. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryCitrate, as an anticoagulant for continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients, has some potential advantages over heparin, including a prolonged dialysis filter life and reduced risk of bleeding. The key parameter involved in monitoring the adequacy and safety of citrate anticoagulation during continuous renal replacement therapy pertains to the ionised and total plasma calcium levels. We report a case of severe systemic hypocalcaemia during continuous renal replacement therapy with citrate anticoagulation resulting from relentless sequestration of calcium due to undiagnosed evolving rhabdomyolysis. Although excessive systemic citrate accumulation can also cause hypocalcaemia, this complication was not observed in our patient. While an acceptable lower limit of ionised calcium remains unknown, severe rhabdomyolysis needs to be considered when a patient’s ionised calcium levels are not responsive to standard calcium replacement therapy during continuous renal replacement therapy using citrate anticoagulation in critically ill patients.
Dental implant removal to facilitate suspension laryngoscopy and laser treatment of an obstructed airway
Authors: Hume‐Smith H. , Fowler A. , Vaz F. , Suaris P. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryA 29‐year‐old patient presented with dysphonia, dysphagia and a progressive history of stridor over 6 weeks. His past medical history included childhood nasolabial rhabdomyosarcoma treated by surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This had resulted in marked abnormalities of the facial skeleton, limited neck extension and restricted mouth opening of 1 cm, in part due to dental implants. After careful discussion and planning within a multidisciplinary team, the airway was optimised by temporary removal of the dental implants. This enabled a suspension laryngoscope to be passed, permitting carbon dioxide laser treatment to an obstruction at the laryngeal inlet and eliminating the need for a tracheostomy.
A comparison of the laryngeal mask airway with the facemask and oropharyngeal airway for manual ventilation by first responders in children
Authors: Blevin A. E. , McDouall S. F. , Rechner J. A. , Saunders T. A. , Barber V. S. , Young J. D. , Mason D. G. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryIn adults, first responders to a cardiopulmonary arrest provide better ventilation using a laryngeal mask airway than a facemask. It is unclear if the same is true in children. We investigated this by comparing the ability of 36 paediatric ward nurses to ventilate the lungs of 99 anaesthetised children (a model for cardiopulmonary arrest) using a laryngeal mask airway and using a facemask with an oropharyngeal airway. Anteroposterior chest wall displacement was measured using an ultrasonic detector. Nurses achieved successful ventilation in 74 (75%) of cases with the laryngeal mask airway and 76 (77%) with facemask and oropharyngeal airway (p = 0.89). Median (IQR [range]) time to first breath was longer for the laryngeal mask airway (48 (39–65 [8–149])) s than the facemask/airway (35 (25–53 [14–120]) s; p < 0.0001). In 10 cases (10%) the lungs were ventilated using the laryngeal mask airway but not using the facemask/oropharyngeal airway. We conclude that ventilation is achieved rapidly using a facemask and oropharyngeal airway, and that the laryngeal mask airway may represent a useful second line option for first responders.
The effect of in vivo growth hormone treatment on blood gene expression in adults with growth hormone deficiency reveals potential biomarkers to monitor growth hormone therapy
Authors: Fernández‐Pérez L. , Nóvoa J. , Ståhlberg N. , Santana‐Farré R. , Boronat M. , Marrero D. , Henríquez‐Hernández L. , Norstedt G. , Flores‐Morales A. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryObjective  Growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy is presently utilized in the treatment of adult GH deficiency (AGHD). Adult responses to GH treatment are highly variable and, apart from measurement of IGF‐I, few tools are currently available for monitoring GH treatment progress. As GH receptors are expressed in certain blood cell types, changes in gene expression in peripheral blood can reflect perturbations induced as a result of GH therapy.Design/patients  We have carried out a pilot study to identify GH‐responsive genes in blood, and have assessed the utility of GH‐responsive genes in monitoring GH therapy in AGHD. Blood was collected from ten women diagnosed with AGHD syndrome both before and 4 weeks after initiation of GH substitutive therapy. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and changes in response to GH were detected using microarray‐based gene analysis.Results  All patients responded to GH replacement therapy, with serum levels of IGF‐I increasing by an average of 307% (P = 0·0003) while IGFBP‐3 increased by an average of 182% (P = 0·0002). Serum levels of triglycerides, LDL‐C, HDL‐C, APOA1 or APOB did not change after 1 month of GH treatment. By contrast, we detected an increase in Lp(a) serum levels (P = 0·0149). Using a stringent selection cutoff of P ≤ 0·05, paired analysis identified a set of transcripts that correlated with GH administration. We applied the multivariate statistical technique PLS‐DA to the changes in gene expression, demonstrating their utility in differentiating untreated patients and those undergoing GH replacement therapy.Conclusion  This study shows that GH‐dependent effects on gene expression in PBMCs can be detected by microarray‐based gene analysis, and our results establish a foundation for the further exploration of peripheral blood as a surrogate to detect exposure to GH therapy.