bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic myelocytic leukemia in pregnancy: A case report describing successful treatment using multimodal therapy
Authors: Eskander Ramez N. , Tarsa Maryam , Herbst Kenneth D. , Kelly Thomas F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLeukemia during pregnancy is rare, posing a complex series of questions, including appropriate therapy and maternal counseling. Management of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) during pregnancy is limited. Our patient presented at 30 weeks' gestation with anemia, leukocytosis, and a non‐productive cough. Polymerase chain reaction performed on a peripheral blood sample confirmed presence of the breakpoint cluster region‐Abl1 chromosomal translocation and the diagnosis of CML. Therapy included acute leukocytapheresis, followed by α‐interferon and imatinib mesylate. The patient responded to treatment and delivered a viable female infant at term weighing 2613 g. Continued imatinib mesylate chemotherapy post‐delivery resulted in complete clinical remission. Successful antepartum management of newly diagnosed CML is possible utilizing leukocytapheresis, α‐interferon and, more recently, imatinib mesylate. Definitive treatment should not be delayed due to pregnancy.
Molecular and morphological evidences reveal a cryptic species in the Vinaceous Rosefinch Carpodacus vinaceus (Fringillidae; Aves)
Authors: Wu Hsu‐Chun , Lin Rong‐Chien , Hung Hsin‐Yi , Yeh Chia‐Fen , Chu Jui‐Hua , Yang Xiao‐Jun , Yao Chiou‐Ju , Zou Fa‐Sheng , Yao Cheng‐Te , Li Shou‐Hsien , Lei Fu‐Min 
Published: July 2011

Wu, H.‐C., Lin, R.‐C., Hung, H.‐Y., Yeh, C.‐F., Chu, J.‐H., Yang, X.‐J., Yao, C.‐J., Zou, F.‐S., Yao, C.‐T., Li, S.‐H. & Lei, F.‐M. (2011). Molecular and morphological evidences reveal a cryptic species in the Vinaceous Rosefinch Carpodacus vinaceus (Fringillidae; Aves). —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 468–478.The Vinaceous Rosefinch (Carpodacus vinaceus) is endemic in East Asia with two recognized subspecies –C. v. vinaceus, distributed along the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas, and C. v. formosanus, restricted to Taiwan’s Central Mountain Range. As reflected in a controversial taxonomic history, this vastly disjunctive distribution pattern suggests that the subspecies, having been isolated from each other for a long time, might have diverged, challenging the current taxonomic treatment and calling for possible species delimitation. Sequences of two mitochondrial fragments (mtDNA) and two Z‐linked nuclear loci (zDNA) were used to reconstruct the intraspecific phylogeny of C. vinaceous. The mtDNA tree shows that the two subspecies of the vinaceous rosefinch form two exclusively monophyletic clades. All but one zDNA sequences from the nominate subspecies and C. v. formosanus also formed exclusively monophyletic clades (the exceptional zDNA sequence from C. v. vinaceous formed a weakly supported clade with two outgroup species). Moreover, by conducting quantitative comparisons of morphometric traits and male plumage coloration, we found that the two subspecies exhibit distinguishable morphological differences. All the evidence therefore suggests that C. v. formosanus is a cryptic species and that its taxonomic status should be restored to full species. Molecular dating suggests that the two sibling rosefinches split 1.7 ± 0.2 million years ago, providing a point estimate for the historical connectivity of biota between eastern Tibet‐Himalayas and montane Taiwan.
Mutual Support: a model of participatory support by and for people with learning difficulties
Authors: Keyes Sarah E. , Brandon Toby 
Published: July 2011

Accessible summary
People with learning difficulties have been involved in research that asked them to tell their stories about how they support (help) each other.
There were many times when people had helped each other in lots of different ways.
People talked about times when they had listened to each other and helped each other when things were hard. They also spoke about working as a team and helping each other to learn.
Supporting each other can make life better for people with learning difficulties and help to break down the barriers.
SummaryMutual Support, a model of peer support by and for people with learning difficulties, was constructed through a participatory research process. The research focussed on individual narratives from people with learning difficulties. These narratives were then brought together to form a collective model of support. This paper outlines the detailed research process and positions the collective model of support within the self‐advocacy and involvement movements. Direct quotes from people with learning difficulties illustrate the different aspects of the multifaceted model. The positive effects of Mutual Support, which form the basis of the implications for wider policy, theory and practice, are also outlined. These include people being able to participate more fully; ambitions being fulfilled; people who have been mentored becoming mentors themselves; and dignity and respect being reclaimed. The overall argument is that, as an example of empowerment through participation, peer support by and for people with learning difficulties has emancipatory potential.
Glycine release provoked by disturbed Na+, K+ and Ca2+ homeostasis in cerebellar nerve endings: roles of Ca2+ channels, Na+/Ca2+ exchangers and GlyT2 transporter reversal
Authors: Romei Cristina , Di Prisco Silvia , Raiteri Maurizio , Raiteri Luca 
Published: July 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 119, 50–63.AbstractGlycine release provoked by ion dysregulations typical of some neuropathological conditions was analyzed in cerebellar synaptosomes selectively pre‐labelled with [3H]glycine through GlyT2 transporters and exposed in superfusion to KCl, 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) or veratridine. The overflows caused by relatively low concentrations of the releasers were largely external Ca2+‐dependent. Higher concentrations of KCl (50 mM) or veratridine (10 μM), but not of 4‐AP (1 mM), involved also external Ca2+‐independent mechanisms. GlyT1‐mediated release could not be observed; only the external Ca2+‐independent veratridine‐evoked overflow occurred significantly by GlyT2 reversal. None of the three depolarizing agents activated store‐operated or transient receptor potential or L‐type Ca2+ channels. The overflows caused by KCl or 4‐AP occurred in part by N‐ and P/Q‐type voltage‐sensitive calcium channel‐dependent exocytosis. Significant portions of the external Ca2+‐dependent overflow evoked by KCl or 4‐AP (and all that caused by veratridine) were mediated by reverse plasmalemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchangers. Significant contribution to the overflows evoked by KCl or veratridine came from Ca2+ originated through mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchangers. Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release (CICR) mediated by inositoltrisphosphate receptors (InsP3Rs) represents the final trigger of the glycine release evoked by high KCl. The overflows evoked by 4‐AP or, less so, by veratridine also involved InsP3R‐mediated CICR and, in part, CICR mediated by ryanodine receptors. To conclude, ionic dysregulations typical of ischemia and epilepsy caused glycine release in cerebellum by multiple differential mechanisms that may represent potential therapeutic targets.
SEX SELECTION ABORTION IN KAZAKHSTAN: UNDERSTANDING A CULTURAL JUSTIFICATION
Authors: COOLEY DENNIS , CHESNOKOVA IRINA 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe topic of abortion has been extensively researched, and the research has produced a large number of arguments and discussions. Missing in the literature, however, are discussions of practices in some areas of the Developing or Third World. In this paper, we examine the morality of sex selection abortions in Kazakhstan's Kazakh culture, and argue that such abortions can be ethically justified based, in part, on the unique perspectives of Kazakh culture.
Does Information Matter? Competition, Quality, and the Impact of Nursing Home Report Cards
Authors: Grabowski David C. , Town Robert J. 
Published: July 2011

Objective. We evaluate the effects of the Nursing Home Quality Initiative (NHQI), which introduced quality measures to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' Nursing Home Compare website, on facility performance and consumer demand for services.
Data Sources. The nursing home Minimum Data Set facility reports from 1999 to 2005 merged with facility‐level data from the On‐Line Survey, Certification, and Reporting System.
Study Design. We rely on the staggered rollout of the report cards across pilot and nonpilot states to examine the effect of report cards on market share and quality of care. We also exploit differences in nursing home market competition at baseline to identify the impacts of the new information on nursing home quality.
Results. The introduction of the NHQI was generally unrelated to facility quality and consumer demand. However, nursing homes facing greater competition improved their quality more than facilities in less competitive markets.
Conclusions. The lack of competition in many nursing home markets may help to explain why the NHQI report card effort had a minimal effect on nursing home quality. With the introduction of market‐based reforms such as report cards, this result suggests policy makers must also consider market structure in efforts to improve nursing home performance.
Acute alcohol intoxication reduces mortality, inflammatory responses and hepatic injury after haemorrhage and resuscitationin vivo
Authors: Relja B , Höhn C , Bormann F , Seyboth K , Henrich D , Marzi I , Lehnert M 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEHaemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (H/R) induces hepatic injury, strong inflammatory changes and death. Alcohol intoxication is assumed to worsen pathophysiological derangements after H/R. Here, we studied the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on survival, liver injury and inflammation after H/R, in rats.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHRats were given a single oral dose of ethanol (5 g·kg−1, 30%) or saline (control), 12 h before they were haemorrhaged for 60 min and resuscitated (H/R). Sham groups received the same procedures without H/R. Measurements were made 2, 24 and 72 h after resuscitation. Survival was assessed 72 h after H/R.KEY RESULTSEthanol increased survival after H/R three‐fold and also induced fatty changes in the liver. H/R‐induced liver injury was amplified by ethanol at 2 h but inhibited 24 h after H/R. Elevated serum IL‐6 levels as well as hepatic IL‐6 and TNF‐α gene expression 2 h after H/R were reduced by ethanol. Ethanol enhanced serum IL‐1β at 2 h, but did not affect increased hepatic IL‐1β expression at 72 h after H/R. Local inflammatory markers, hepatic infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression decreased after ethanol compared with saline, following H/R. Ethanol reduced H/R‐induced IκBα activation 2 h after H/R, and NF‐κB‐dependent gene expression of MMP9.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSEthanol reduced H/R‐induced mortality at 72 h, accompanied by a suppression of proinflammatory changes after H/R in ethanol‐treated animals. Binge‐like ethanol exposure modulated the inflammatory response after H/R, an effect that was associated with NF‐κB activity.
Pharmacological characterization of native α7 nicotinic ACh receptors and their contribution to depolarization‐elicited exocytosis in human chromaffin cells
Authors: Pérez‐Alvarez Alberto , Hernández‐Vivanco Alicia , Alonso y Gregorio Sergio , Tabernero Angel , McIntosh J Michael , Albillos Almudena 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Expression of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and their role in exocytosis have not yet been examined in human chromaffin cells.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH To characterize these receptors and investigate their function, patch‐clamp experiments were performed in human chromaffin cells from organ donors.KEY RESULTS The nicotinic current provoked by 300 µM ACh in voltage‐clamped cells was blocked by the nicotinic receptor antagonists α‐bungarotoxin (α‐Bgtx; 1 µM; 6 ± 1.7%) or methyllycaconitine (MLA; 10 nM; 7 ± 1.6%), respectively, in an irreversible and reversible manner, without affecting exocytosis. Choline (10 mM) pulses induced a biphasic current with an initial quickly activated (5.5 ± 0.4 ms rise time) and inactivated component (8.5 ± 0.4 ms time constant) (termed α7), which was blocked by α‐Bgtx or MLA, followed by a slower component (non‐α7). α7 nAChR currents were dissected by blocking the non‐α7 nAChR current component of the ACh and choline response with the α6* nAChR blocker α‐conotoxin (α‐Ctx) MII[S4A, E11A, L15A]. PNU‐282987, an α7 nAChR‐specific agonist, elicited rapidly activated and rapidly inactivated currents. α7 nAChR‐positive allosteric modulators, such as 5‐hydroxyindole (1 mM) and PNU‐120596 (10 µM), potentiated responses that were blocked by α‐Bgtx or MLA. Exocytosis was evoked by depolarization‐elicited α7 nAChR currents, using choline in the presence of α‐Ctx MII[MS4A, E11A, L15A] or PNU‐282987 as agonists.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our electrophysiological recordings of pure α7 nAChR currents elicited by rapid application of agonists demonstrated that functional α7 nAChRs are expressed and contribute to depolarization‐elicited exocytosis in human chromaffin cells.
Elevated Activation of ERK1 and ERK2 Accompany Enhanced Liver Injury Following Alcohol Binge in Chronically Ethanol‐Fed Rats
Authors: Aroor Annayya R. , Jackson Daniel E. , Shukla Shivendra D. 
Published: July 2011

Background:  Binge drinking after chronic ethanol consumption is one of the important factors contributing to the progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis. The molecular mechanisms of this effect remain poorly understood. We have therefore examined in rats the effect of single and repeat ethanol binge superimposed on chronic ethanol intake on liver injury, activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and gene expression.Methods:  Rats were chronically treated with ethanol in liquid diet for 4 weeks followed by single ethanol binge (5 gm/kg body weight) or 3 similar repeated doses of ethanol. Serum alcohol and alanine amino transferase (ALT) levels were determined by enzymatic methods. Steatosis was assessed by histology and hepatic triglycerides. Activation of MAPK, 90S ribosomal kinase (RSK), and caspase 3 were evaluated by Western blot. Levels of mRNA for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), early growth response‐1 (egr‐1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) were measured by real‐time qRT‐PCR.Results:  Chronic ethanol treatment resulted in mild steatosis and necrosis, whereas chronic ethanol followed by binge group exhibited marked steatosis and significant increase in necrosis. Chronic binge group also showed significant increase (compared with chronic ethanol alone) in the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase 1 (ERK1), ERK2, and RSK. Phosphorylation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK did not increase by the binge. Ethanol binge, after chronic ethanol intake, caused increase in mRNA for egr‐1 and PAI‐1, but not TNFα.Conclusions:  Chronic ethanol exposure increases the susceptibility of rat liver to increased injury by 1 or 3 repeat binge. Among other alterations, the activated levels of ERK1, and more so ERK2, were remarkably amplified by binge suggesting a role of these isotypes in the binge amplification of the injury. In contrast, p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 activities were not amplified. These binge‐induced changes were also reflected in the increases in the RNA levels for egr‐1 and PAI‐1. This study offers chronic followed by repeat binge as a model for the study of progression of liver injury by ethanol and highlights the involvement of ERK1 and ERK2 isotypes in the amplification of liver injury by binge ethanol.
In vitro variables of apheresis platelets are stably maintained for 7 days with 5% residual plasma in a glucose and bicarbonate salt solution, PAS‐5
Authors: Radwanski Katherine , Wagner Stephen J. , Skripchenko Andrey , Min Kyungyoon 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND: Platelet additive solutions (PASs) facilitate improved recovery of plasma and may reduce the severity and/or frequency of plasma‐associated transfusion reactions. Current apheresis platelet (PLT) PAS products contain approximately 30 to 40% residual plasma. In an effort to further decrease the residual plasma, two in vitro studies were conducted with PLTs suspended in 5% plasma and a reformulated PAS‐3, named PAS‐5, that contains additional salts, glucose, and bicarbonate.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In Study 1, PLTs suspended in 5% plasma/95% PAS‐5 were prepared directly on a separator (Amicus, Fenwal, Inc.) without additional centrifugation or washing. In Study 2, a double unit of hyperconcentrated Amicus PLTs in plasma was collected, divided, and centrifuged to prepare a control unit in 100% plasma and a paired test unit in 5% plasma/95% PAS‐5. The in vitro properties of PLTs were assessed in both studies during 7‐day storage at 20 to 24°C with continuous agitation.RESULTS: In Study 1, PLT concentration, pH, mean PLT volume (MPV), HCO3‐, pCO2, pO2, lactate dehydrogenase, and hypotonic shock response (HSR) did not significantly change during storage. By Day 7, glucose levels and morphology scores modestly decreased (17.6 and 14.4%, respectively) and lactate levels modestly increased (to 7.2 mmol/L). In Study 2, MPV, pH, glucose, pO2, HSR, and morphology were comparable in control and test PLTs during 7‐day storage. Glucose consumption and lactate production were significantly less in test versus control PLTs (p ≤ 0.0015). Extent of shape change and %CD62P‐positive test PLTs were less than those of controls (p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Apheresis PLTs suspended in 5% plasma/95% PAS‐5 maintained in vitro properties during 7‐day storage.
Initial experiences with point‐of‐care rapid thrombelastography for management of life‐threatening postinjury coagulopathy
Authors: Kashuk Jeffry L. , Moore Ernest E. , Wohlauer Max , Johnson Jeffrey L. , Pezold Michael , Lawrence Jerry , Biffl Walter L. , Burlew C. Clay Cothren , Barnett Carlton , Sawyer Michael , Sauaia Angela 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND: Massive transfusion (MTP) protocol design is hindered by lack of accurate assessment of coagulation. Rapid thrombelastography (r‐TEG) provides point‐of‐care (POC) analysis of clot formation. We designed a prospective study to test the hypothesis that integrating TEG into our MTP would facilitate goal‐directed therapy and provide equivalent outcomes compared to conventional coagulation testing.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Thiry‐four patients who received more than 6 units of red blood cells (RBCs)/6 hours who were admitted to our Level 1 trauma center after r‐TEG implementation (TEG) were compared to 34 patients admitted prior to TEG implementation (Pre‐TEG). Data are presented as mean ± SEM.RESULTS: Emergency department pre‐TEG versus TEG shock, and coagulation indices, were not different: systolic blood pressure (94 mmHg vs.101 mmHg), temperature (35.3°C vs. 35.9°C), pH (7.16 vs. 7.11), base deficit (−13.0 vs. −14.7), lactate (6.5 vs. 8.1), international normalized ratio (INR; 1.59 vs. 1.83), and partial thromboplastin time (48.3 vs. 57.9). Although not significant, patients with Injury Severity Score range 26 to 35 were more frequent in the pre‐TEG group. Fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) : RBCs, platelets : RBCs, and cryoprecipitate (cryo) : RBC ratios were not significantly different at 6 or 12 hours. INR at 6 hours did not discriminate between survivors and nonsurvivors (p = 0.10), whereas r‐TEG “G” value was significantly associated with survival (p = 0.03), as was the maximum rate of thrombin generation (MRTG; mm/min) and total thrombin generation (TG; area under the curve) (p = 0.03 for both). Patients with MRTG of more than 9.2 received significantly less components of RBCs, FFP, and cryo (p = 0.048, p = 0.03, and p = 0.04, respectively).CONCLUSION: Goal‐directed resuscitation via r‐TEG appears useful for management of trauma‐induced coagulopathy. Further experience with POC monitoring could result in more efficient management leading to a reduction of transfusion requirements.
Winning and Competitiveness as Determinants of Political Support*
Authors: Singh Shane , Lago Ignacio , Blais André 
Published: July 2011

Objectives. This study examines the impact of competitiveness, winning, and ideological congruence on evaluations of democratic principles, institutions, and performance. We posit that winning matters most. Individuals will hold favorable views toward democracy when it produces the outcomes they desire, independent of other contextual factors associated with elections.Methods. We use cross‐sectional multiple regression models to analyze survey data from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.Results. We find that the psychological effect of being an election winner at the national level greatly boosts evaluations of democracy, as measured with a host of different indicators, while competitiveness and congruence do not systematically affect these evaluations.Conclusions. This study sheds light on what factors boost regime support among the populace by sorting out the relative impact of being in a competitive district, winning (at the local and national level), and having a representative with a similar ideological outlook.
Cross‐Border Earnings of U.S. Natives Along the U.S.‐Mexico Border*
Authors: Mora Marie T. , Dávila Alberto 
Published: July 2011

Objective. This study explores whether the earnings of U.S.‐born cross‐border workers differ from those of their U.S.‐employed counterparts. We also analyze whether the cross‐border/non‐cross‐border wage differential changed during the 1990s—a decade when U.S.‐Mexico trade intensified and the maquiladora industry expanded.Methods. Employing decennial U.S. Census data from 1990 and 2000, this article estimates earnings functions and uses wage decomposition analysis to study changes in the earnings of U.S.‐born Hispanic and non‐Hispanic cross‐border workers.Results. The number of U.S.‐native cross‐border workers, while relatively small, increased significantly between 1990 and 2000, as did their earnings. A closer examination reveals that this cross‐border earnings premium only developed among non‐Hispanics.Conclusions. These findings indicate that some U.S. natives find lucrative employment opportunities on the Mexican side of the border, which might be diminished by additional restrictions for U.S.‐born residents to easily cross back and forth into Mexico.
Further reliability and responsiveness of the Chronic Oral Mucosal Diseases Questionnaire
Authors: Ni Riordain R , McCreary C 
Published: July 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 18, 60–66Objective:  To test the reliability and responsiveness of the Chronic Oral Mucosal Diseases Questionnaire (COMDQ), in measuring the quality of life (QofL) in patients with chronic oral mucosal conditions.Methods:  A random sample of 160 patients with the following chronic oral mucosal conditions, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, oral lichen planus, the more common vesiculobullous conditions (mucous membrane pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris) and orofacial granulomatosis received a copy of the COMDQ. A subset of 100 patients received the questionnaire on two further occasions, 2 weeks and 3 months later. Statistical tests were carried out to evaluate the test–retest reliability and responsiveness of this instrument.Results:  This study has demonstrated that the COMDQ has good test–retest reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.81 and is responsive to changes in the patients’ overall conditions.Conclusion:  In conclusion, this study has further demonstrated the reliability and responsiveness of the COMDQ in assessing QofL in patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases.