bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La parentalité dans un couple lesbien : enjeux et questionnements
Authors: Naziri Despina , Dargentas Magda 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Dans cet article nous abordons le discours de couples de femmes confrontées à l’IAD, dans le cadre d’une recherche clinique qui avait comme objet l’étude du processus psychique à travers lequel les partenaires d’un couple lesbien accèdent à la parentalité, en lien avec leur histoire personnelle et familiale et avec la dynamique établie dans leur couple. Nous présentons la méthodologie employée et les données obtenues. Notre approche combine une exploration longitudinale et psychodynamique (analyse de cas) et une analyse textuelle (en utilisant le logiciel ALCESTE) des entretiens cliniques réalisés avec les deux partenaires de 32 couples lesbiens ayant eu recours à l’Insémination Artificielle par Donneur (IAD) pour devenir parents. L’articulation des données obtenues à travers les deux types d’analyse du matériel nous permet de discuter l’impact de trois facteurs sur l’accès à l’homoparentalité de ces couples et sur la construction d’un projet parental : la place attribuée au donneur anonyme, l’incidence de l’acte médical de l’IAD, le processus d’attribution des places de la mère sociale et de la mère biologique au sein du couple.
L'emploi salarié dans le spectacle en 2008 : une diversité de situations
Authors: Gouyon Marie 
Published: October 2011

Résumé En 2008, 440 000 personnes sur les 23 millions de salariés en France ont travaillé au moins une heure dans le secteur du spectacle (audiovisuel et spectacle vivant). Les volumes de travail et les rémunérations sont fortement concentrés par une minorité de salariés : 5 % des salariés du spectacle perçoivent 30 % du total des rémunérations. Polyvalence et pluriactivité caractérisent le salariat dans le spectacle, ce qui se traduit par une fragmentation de l’emploi : important recours aux contrats à durée déterminée et perception d’indemnités chômage en complément des salaires. Une typologie des salariés, articulée autour du volume de travail et du montant des salaires horaires, permet de caractériser six types principaux, des professionnels les plus impliqués, qui exercent au moins les trois quarts de leur activité dans le spectacle vivant (35 %) ou dans l’audiovisuel (37 %), aux salariés épisodiques (11 % dans l’audiovisuel et 17 % dans le spectacle vivant).
Politiques d'éducation artistique et culturelle : rôle et action des collectivités locales
Authors: Enel Françoise 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Le développement de politiques d’éducation artistique et culturelle initiées par les collectivités territoriales depuis une vingtaine d’années donne lieu aujourd’hui à une mosaïque de dispositifs. À partir d’une observation menée en Nord – Pas-de-Calais et dans les Pays de la Loire, et après une présentation de la structuration de la politique d’éducation artistique et culturelle entre État et collectivités territoriales d’un point de vue historique, l’étude analyse les différentes configurations et stratégies développées à l’échelon territorial. Cinq configurations types sont identifiées : une politique d’éducation artistique et culturelle intégrée à la politique locale, une politique ciblée autour d’une discipline (spectacle vivant par exemple), une gouvernance multipolaire, une approche segmentée où acteurs et dispositifs se juxtaposent et enfin une mise en œuvre externalisée. Enfin, l’étude rappelle que le contexte de mutation politique et technologique est propice à une redéfinition du sens de l’action publique et de ses modalités en faveur notamment du développement des actions d’éducation artistique et culturelle.
Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Addition–Cyclization Cascade Reaction of Malonates with o‐Hydroxycinnamaldehydes: Asymmetric Synthesis of 4‐Substituted Chromanols
Authors: Lee Yongcheon , Seo Seung Woo , Kim Sung‐Gon 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe asymmetric organocatalytic conjugate addition–cyclization reaction of malonates with o‐hydroxycinnamaldehydes, which affords 4‐substituted chroman‐2‐ols, has been established using a diphenylprolinol trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether as organocatalyst. The desired products were obtained with good to excellent yields and high enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). Synthetically useful chroman derivatives were formed after subsequent reactions.
Stabilization of Heavy Oil‐Water Emulsions using a Bio/Chemical Emulsifier Mixture
Authors: Farahbakhsh A. , Taghizadeh M. , Yakhchali B. , Movagharnejad K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this study, the viscosity reduction of heavy oil has been investigated through the formation of oil‐water emulsion using a bio/chemical emulsifier mixture. Four bioemulsifiers from indigenous Rhodococcus ergthropolis and Bacillus licheniformis strains were used to stabilize a highly‐viscous oil‐in‐water emulsion. The Taguchi method with an L9 orthogonal array design was used to investigate the effect of various control factors on the formation of the oil/water emulsions. An emulsion with lowest viscosity was formed using ACO4 strain. The substantial stability of the oil‐in‐water emulsion allows the heavy oil to be transported practically over long distances or remain stationary for a considerable period of time prior to utilization. As the result of Taguchi analysis, the temperature and concentration of the emulsifier had a significant influence on viscosity reduction of the emulsion.
Determination of Mechanism for Soot Oxidation with NO on Potassium Supported Mg‐Al Hydrotalcite Mixed Oxides
Authors: Zhang Y. , Su Q. , Li Q. , Wang Z. , Gao X. , Zhang Z. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSoot oxidation with NO (in the absence of gas phase O2) on potassium‐supported Mg‐Al hydrotalcite mixed oxides (K/MgAlO) was studied using a temperature‐programmed reaction and in situ FTIR techniques. Nitrite and the ketene group were identified as the reaction intermediates and thus a nitrite‐ketene mechanism was proposed in which surface active oxygen on K sites of K/MgAlO is transferred to soot by NO through nitrites. In the absence of gas phase O2, soot oxidation with NO at lower temperatures (below 450 °C) is limited by the amount of active oxygen on the K sites. This kind of active oxygen is not reusable but can be replenished in the presence of gas phase O2.
FTIR, powder XRD, TEM and dielectric studies of pure and zinc doped nano‐hydroxyapatite
Authors: Tank K. P. , Sharma P. , Kanchan D. K. , Joshi M. J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 or HAP, is an important bio‐material, which is having application in bone implants and dentistry. In the present study, zinc doped nano‐hydroxyapatite (Zn‐HAP) was synthesized via chemical precipitation route using surfactant mediated approach. The doping of zinc was confirmed by EDAX. The powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed the typical hydroxyapatite pattern with broadening and extra peaks were observed for higher concentration. The average crystallite size was calculated by applying the Scherrer's formula to powder XRD pattern and was found in the range of 16 to 33 nm. The morphology of synthesized nano‐particles was also confirmed using TEM. FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm the presence of various bonds. The dielectric study was carried out at room temperature within the frequency range from 102 Hz to 107 Hz and the variations of dielectric constant with frequency of applied field as well as with the concentration of zinc were studied. It was found that as the concentration of zinc increased the dielectric constant increased. The variations of dielectric loss and a.c. conductivity with frequency of applied field were studied. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cyclopropanation Reactions Mediated by Group 9 Metal Porphyrin Complexes
Authors: Intrieri Daniela , Caselli Alessandro , Gallo Emma 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe one‐pot reaction of diazo compounds with olefins represents a useful strategy to synthesise cyclopropanes, which are important both as starting materials for the synthesis of organic compounds and because of their intrinsic pharmaceutical properties. Herein we describe the catalytic activity of group 9 metal porphyrin complexes to cyclopropanate olefins that present different electronic behaviour. All the most important porphyrin‐based methodologies have been reviewed, stressing the stereocontrol of the reactions achieved in each case. Moreover, mechanism investigations have provided data that can help greatly to elaborate more efficient catalytic systems in the future.
An improved specimen generation method for DEM based on local Delaunay tessellation and distance function
Authors: Liu Jun , Yun Bin , Zhao Changbing 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYDiscretizing a domain of interest into a set of particles for discrete element simulation is the first step to generate a specimen. An improved algorithm, the Seed Expansion Method (SEM), is proposed in this work. A seed is first generated inside a given domain. Then, the domain is filled by the seed expansion based on a local Delaunay tessellation and a distance function. An optional operation, refilling, is suggested to further improve the packing density after the completion of SEM. Polydisperse dense packing can be generated by the proposed method for an arbitrarily shaped domain in both 2D and 3D. A specimen can be obtained that approximately conforms to a specified size distribution and packing density. Multiple subdomains of a domain can be filled by packings with different densities and size distributions. A specimen with higher density can be obtained by comparing it with the existing methods. Mathematically, the features of the method include both simplicity and high efficiency. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organometallic and enzymatic catalysis for ring opening copolymerization of ε‐caprolactone and 4‐methyl‐ε‐caprolactone
Authors: Wang Cui , Xiao Yan , Heise Andreas , Lang Meidong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA series of copolymers containing ε‐caprolactone (CL) and 4‐methyl‐ε‐caprolactone (MeCL) were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) using Tin(II) bis(2‐ethylhexanoate)(Sn(Oct)2) or Novozym 435 as catalyst. The molecular structure and weight of copolymers were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), respectively. Our kinetic study showed that the monomer reactivity ratios for CL (r1) and MeCL (r2) using Sn(Oct)2 as catalyst were estimated to be near unity and r1 × r2 = 1, indicating the random distribution of the monomers in the final copolymer. The results of DSC and XRD consistently indicated that the copolymers were inclined to be amorphous with the increasing of MeCL fraction. Microspheres were prepared from copolymers and characterized by SEM. The preliminary degradability and biocompatibility studies on these copolymers were also assessed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Hyperbranched copolymer micelles as delivery vehicles of doxorubicin in breast cancer cells
Authors: Zeng Xianghui , Zhang Yuning , Wu Zhihua , Lundberg Pontus , Malkoch Michael , Nyström Andreas M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFour types of drug nanoparticles (NPs) based on amphiphilic hyperbranched block copolymers were developed for the delivery of the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) to breast cancer cells. These carriers have their hydrophobic interior layer composed of the hyperbranched aliphatic polyester, Boltorn® H30 or Boltorn® H40, that are polymers of poly 2,2‐bis (methylol) propionic acid (bis‐MPA), while the outer hydrophilic shell was composed of about 5 poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments of 5 or 10 kDa molecular weight. A chemotherapeutic drug DOX, was further encapsulated in the interior of these polymer micelles and was shown to exhibit a controlled release profile. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the NPs were uniformly sized with a mean hydrodynamic diameter around 110 nm. DOX‐loaded H30‐PEG10k NPs exhibited controlled release over longer periods of time and greater cytotoxicity compared with the other materials developed against our tested breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, flow cytometry and confocal scanning laser microscopy studies indicated that the cancer cells could internalize the DOX‐loaded H30‐PEG10k NPs, which contributed to the sustained drug release, and induced more apoptosis than free DOX did. These findings indicate that the H30‐PEG10k NPs may offer a very promising approach for delivering drugs to cancer cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Erratum: In situ STM observation of site‐ controlled InAs nano‐dot growth on GaAs(001) during In and As4 irradiations
Authors: Toujyou Takashi , Tsukamoto Shiro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe amounts of As4 flux, scanning time, and collapse time of InAs dot structure at 430 °C were erroneously reported and should be corrected. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
SEM imaging of air‐sensitive specimens
Authors: Hall J. B. , Hruskoci P. P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA device has been built that allows four air‐sensitive specimens to be examined in a Philips 501 scanning electron microscope (SEM) without interrupting the vacuum. The specimens are mounted onto a revolving four‐faceted stage in an inert atmosphere. The sealed device is then mounted onto the goniometer substage of the SEM and interfaced with the stage rotation drive. After the microscope reaches the operating vacuum condition, the device is opened by turning the stage rotation knob. The device can be viewed with the SEM image during this operation. The same mechanism which opens and closes the device also rotates the four‐faceted sample mount to the desired specimen. The x and y translations of the SEM sub‐stage are used to move the specimen in the imaging plane. The operation of this device was tested with polyolefin catalysts which are extremely air‐sensitive.The main advantage of this device is that it allows air‐sensitive specimens to be routinely examined without compromising the other uses of the SEM. Specimens mounted on this device can be viewed from 0 to ± 90° tilt. With a minor adaption, this device can be used to view the total 360° surface of a specimen in a manner similar to that described by Herrmann (1979).
Thermal effects on the wake of a heated circular cylinder operating in mixed convection regime
Authors: Hu H. , Koochesfahani M. M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe thermal effects on the wake flow behind a heated circular cylinder operating in the mixed convection regime were investigated experimentally in the present study. The experiments were conducted in a vertical water channel with the heated cylinder placed horizontally and the flow approaching the cylinder downwards. With such a flow arrangement, the direction of the thermally induced buoyancy force acting on the fluid surrounding the heated cylinder would be opposite to the approach flow. During the experiments, the temperature and Reynolds number of the approach flow were held constant. By adjusting the surface temperature of the heated cylinder, the corresponding Richardson number ($\mathit{Ri}= \mathit{Gr}/ {\mathit{Re}}^{2} $) was varied between 0.0 (unheated) and 1.04, resulting in a change in the heat transfer process from forced convection to mixed convection. A novel flow diagnostic technique, molecular tagging velocimetry and thermometry (MTV&T), was used for qualitative flow visualization of thermally induced flow structures and quantitative, simultaneous measurements of flow velocity and temperature distributions in the wake of the heated cylinder. With increasing temperature of the heated cylinder (i.e. Richardson number), significant modifications of the wake flow pattern and wake vortex shedding process were clearly revealed. When the Richardson number was relatively small ($\mathit{Ri}\leq 0. 31$), the vortex shedding process in the wake of the heated cylinder was found to be quite similar to that of an unheated cylinder. As the Richardson number increased to${\ensuremath{\sim} }0. 50$, the wake vortex shedding process was found to be ‘delayed’, with the wake vortex structures beginning to shed much further downstream. As the Richardson number approached unity ($\mathit{Ri}\geq 0. 72$), instead of having ‘Kármán’ vortices shedding alternately at the two sides of the heated cylinder, concurrent shedding of smaller vortex structures was observed in the near wake of the heated cylinder. The smaller vortex structures were found to behave more like ‘Kelvin–Helmholtz’ vortices than ‘Kármán’ vortices, and adjacent small vortices would merge to form larger vortex structures further downstream. It was also found that the shedding frequency of the wake vortex structures decreased with increasing Richardson number. The wake closure length and the drag coefficient of the heated cylinder were found initially to decrease slightly when the Richardson number was relatively small ($\mathit{Ri}\lt 0. 31$), and then to increase monotonically with increasing Richardson number as the Richardson number became relatively large ($\mathit{Ri}\gt 0. 31$). The average Nusselt number ($ \overline{\mathit{Nu}} $) of the heated cylinder was found to decrease almost linearly with increasing Richardson number.
Posterior glottic gap and age as factors predicting voice outcome of injection laryngoplasty in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Choi J , Son Y-I , So Y K , Byun H , Lee E-K , Yun Y-S 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives:This study aimed to analyse demographic profiles and pre-injection stroboscopic findings for patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis, to investigate possible predictive factors for voice outcomes of injection laryngoplasty.Materials and methods:Fifty-nine unilateral vocal fold paralysis patients underwent vocal fold augmentation, using transcutaneous Artecoll (polymethyl methacrylate microspheres plus bovine collagen) injection into the paralysed vocal fold via the cricothyroid space. Three months later, patients were divided into improved (n = 44) and unimproved (n = 15) groups, using the perceptual grade-roughness-breathiness-asthenia-strain scale, and their clinical characteristics and pre-operative stroboscopic findings compared.Results:The improved group were significantly younger than the unimproved group (p = 0.000). The size of the posterior gap on phonation was closely associated with the outcome of injection laryngoplasty (p = 0.015).Conclusion:Younger patients with a smaller posterior glottic gap on phonation can be expected to have a more favourable outcome following injection laryngoplasty for correction of glottic insufficiency due to unilateral vocal fold paralysis.
Bacterial meningitis secondary to stapes footplate malformation in a child with an auditory brainstem implant
Authors: Mandalà M , Colletti L 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective:We report a rare presentation of otogenic bacterial meningitis secondary to a stapes footplate malformation in a paediatric patient with an auditory brainstem implant.Case report:A patient with Mondini's dysplasia developed meningitis six years after auditory brainstem implantation. The aetiology was believed to be otogenic, secondary to stapes footplate malformation.Conclusion:To our best knowledge, this is the first report of otogenic bacterial meningitis secondary to stapes footplate malformation in a paediatric patient with an auditory brainstem implant. Subjects with inner ear malformations, especially Mondini's dysplasia, need to be carefully evaluated pre-operatively to reduce or eliminate any anatomical conditions which may predispose to meningitis. In children with an auditory brainstem implant and suspected ear malformation, we recommend pre-operative radiological investigation to look for the ‘bulging oval window’ sign. When radiological signs are positive, bilateral exploratory tympanotomy should be performed to detect any undiagnosed anatomical stapes footplate defects, which may predispose to bacterial meningitis.
Advantages of the two-step embryo transfer strategy in human IVF/ICSI cycles
Authors: Yazbeck Chadi , Jamaa Nadia Ben , Hazout André , Cohen-Bacrie Paul , Junca Anne-Marie , Rougier Nathalie 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the advantages of the two-step embryo transfer (ET) strategy combining a day 2/3 ET with a day 5/6 blastocyst transfer. In an observational comparative study, 400 infertile women were enrolled from two assisted reproductive technology (ART) units according to inclusion criteria: age below 42 years and at least three embryos obtained on day 2 thus allowing an extended in vitro culture. Two groups were defined according to the ET strategy adopted: group 1 had a two-step ET; and group 2 had a day 2/3 ET with (subgroup 2a) or without (subgroup 2b) blastocysts cryopreserved on day 5/6. Live birth rate was significantly higher in group 1 than in subgroups 2a and 2b (36.5% versus 29.4% and 13.4%, respectively; p < 10−3). Multiple pregnancy rates were comparable between groups. After adjusting on major prognostic factors, the two-step ET strategy was still associated with a significantly higher live birth rate than the day 2/3 ET (OR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.32–3.77). The two-step ET provides better live birth rates than the cleavage-stage ET. It does not increase multiple pregnancy rates if the number of embryos transferred is limited. It also prevents cycle loss when embryos fail to develop into blastocysts.
Expression of ArabidopsisSHORT INTERNODES/STYLISHFamily Genes in Auxin Biosynthesis Zones of Aerial Organs Is Dependent on a GCC Box-Like Regulatory Element
Authors: Eklund D. Magnus , Cierlik Izabela , Ståldal Veronika , Claes Andrea R. , Vestman Daniel , Chandler John , Sundberg Eva 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAuxin/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plays a major role in growth responses to developmental and genetic signals as well as to environmental stimuli. Knowledge of its regulation, however, remains rudimentary, and few proteins acting as transcriptional modulators of auxin biosynthesis have been identified. We have previously shown that alteration in the expression level of the SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY) family member STY1 affects IAA biosynthesis rates and IAA levels and that STY1 acts as a transcriptional activator of genes encoding auxin biosynthesis enzymes. Here, we have analyzed the upstream regulation of SHI/STY family members to gain further insight into transcriptional regulation of auxin biosynthesis. We attempted to modulate the normal expression pattern of STY1 by mutating a putative regulatory element, a GCC box, located in the proximal promoter region and conserved in most SHI/STY genes in Arabidopsis. Mutations in the GCC box abolish expression in aerial organs of the adult plant. We also show that induction of the transcriptional activator DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL) activates the transcription of STY1 and other SHI/STY family members and that this activation is dependent on a functional GCC box. Additionally, STY1 expression in the strong drnl-2 mutant or the drn drnl-1 puchi-1 triple mutant, carrying knockdown mutations in both DRNL and its close paralogue DRN as well as one of their closest homologs, PUCHI, was significantly reduced, suggesting that DRNL regulates STY1 during normal plant development and that several other genes might have redundant functions.
Human leucocyte antigen‐G: expression and function in airway allergic disease
Authors: White S. R. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryHuman leucocyte antigen‐G (HLA‐G) is a non‐classical HLA class I molecule demonstrated originally in placental trophoblast cells. Recognition of the importance of HLA‐G to the maternal immune accommodation of the semi‐allogeneic fetus has led to investigations of its role in the suppression of immune responses and induction of tolerance. More recently, HLA‐G has been shown to have increased expression in several immunological diseases including asthma and allergic rhinitis. The focus of this review is the potential role of HLA‐G in immunological airway diseases.