bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchoscopic Findings in 48 Cats with Spontaneous Lower Respiratory Tract Disease (2002–2009)
Authors: Johnson L.R. , Vernau W. 
Published: February 2011

Background:Diagnosis of lower respiratory disease requires collection of airway samples to confirm the etiology of disease. Bronchoscopic evaluation is commonly performed in dogs but less information is available in cats.Hypothesis:The presence and number of bronchoscopic abnormalities visualized during bronchoscopic evaluation of cats with lower respiratory disease will correlate with the type of disease and total and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.Animals:Forty‐eight cats prospectively evaluated by a single bronchoscopist.Methods:Bronchoscopy was performed during clinical evaluation of cats presenting with cough, respiratory distress, or both. Cats were evaluated for airway hyperemia, stenosis, or collapse, mucus accumulation, bronchiectasis, and epithelial irregularities. Cats were placed into groups of bronchitis/“asthma,” pneumonia, or neoplasia based on BAL findings, histopathology, and response to appropriate medical therapy. Summation of bronchial abnormalities and total and differential cell counts were compared among groups.Results:Endobronchial abnormalities were common in cats with feline bronchitis/asthma, pneumonia, and neoplasia and no differentiating features were found. Excessive mucus accumulation was common (83%), followed by stenosis of bronchial openings and nodular epithelial irregularities (56%), airway hyperemia (54%), airway collapse (48%), and bronchiectasis (27%). Total bronchoscopic score and total cell count did not differ among groups, although differential cell counts were significantly different. A weak correlation (R2= 0.16,P= .006) between age and total bronchoscopic score was noted.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:Bronchoscopic abnormalities are common in cats with lower respiratory tract disease, and visualization of the airways provides additional nonspecific clinical information in cats.
Nested Case‐Control Study of Feline Calicivirus Viruria, Oral Carriage, and Serum Neutralizing Antibodies in Cats with Idiopathic Cystitis
Authors: Larson J. , Kruger J.M. , Wise A.G. , Kaneene J.B. , Miller R. , Fitzgerald S.D. , Kiupel M. , Maes R.K. 
Published: February 2011

Background: The epidemiology of feline calicivirus (FCV) infection in cats with idiopathic cystitis (FIC) has not been investigated by contemporary molecular biologic methods.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of and evaluate risk factors for FCV viruria, oral carriage, and virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies in cats with and without FIC.Animals: Cats with nonobstructive FIC (n = 47), obstructive FIC (n = 22), and FCV upper respiratory tract infection (URI; n = 25), and healthy client‐owned (n = 18) and colony‐housed (n = 24) cats.Methods: Oropharyngeal secretions and urine were evaluated with a FCV p30 gene‐based real‐time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay. Serum VN antibody titers were determined by a modified microtiter assay. Associations of risk factors with log‐transformed antibody titers were determined by multivariable generalized linear regression.Results: FCV viruria was detected in 4 (6%) and 3 (12%) cats with FIC and URI, respectively. In 3 FIC cats, viruria was unassociated with detectable oral virus carriage. Oral FCV carriage was detected in 7 (10%) FIC cats. Median antibody titers were significantly higher in cats with obstructive FIC (1 : 256), nonobstructive FIC (1 : 128), and URI (1 : 512) compared with healthy client‐owned (1 : 16) and colony‐housed (1 : 4) cats (P < .001). Other than disease, multivariate analysis did not identify any other explanatory variables for increased titers in cats with FIC or URI.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: FCV viruria was detected in cats with FIC and URI, however, its etiologic significance is uncertain. Serologic results suggest increased FCV exposure in FIC cats compared with controls. Further investigations are needed to clarify the potential role of FCV in FIC.
Genotypic, phenotypic, and proteomic characterization of Candida glabrata during sequential fluconazole exposure
Authors: Samaranayake Yuthika Hemamala , Cheung Becky Pik Ki , Yau Joyce Yick Yee , Yeung Kim Wai , Samaranayake Lakshman Perera 
Published: February 2011

Abstract Aim:  Candida glabrata is a major pathogen in humans known to be intrinsically resistant to fluconazole. However, genotypic, phenotypic, and proteomic changes associated with reduced susceptibility to fluconazole are not properly understood. The aim of this study was to observe specific phenotypic, chromosomal, and proteomic alterations in a Candida glabrata strain sequentially exposed to fluconazole.Methods:  Candida glabrata was exposed to increased concentrations of fluconazole in RPMI for 55 days. Phenotypic changes were evaluated using standard assays. Molecular/proteomic changes in C. glabrata were analyzed by contour‐clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, and mass spectrometry.Results:  Candida glabrata demonstrated increased fluconazole resistance (>256 μg/mL), with extensive cross‐resistance to ketoconazole (0.38–3.0 μg), itraconazole (8 to >32 μg), and voriconazole (0.125–1.5 μg). Morphologically dissimilar colonies on RPMI/fluconazole agar demonstrated variable chromosomal profiles compared with the control isolate. Stable chromosomal changes were associated with a significantly higher (P < 0.05) mRNA level of the hemolysin gene compared with the control. Phenotypic switching on CuSO4 agar was associated with variable metallothionein mRNA transcription levels. The proteome analysis of a fluconazole‐resistant offshoot demonstrated a total of 98 protein spots, 25 showing a twofold upregulation.Conclusion:  Fluconazole exposure initiates the chance evolution of a new colonizing population with specific virulence traits.
Semistable reduction for overconvergentF-isocrystals, IV: local semistable reduction at nonmonomial valuations
Authors: Kedlaya Kiran S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe complete our proof that given an overconvergentF-isocrystal on a variety over a field of positive characteristic, one can pull back along a suitable generically finite cover to obtain an isocrystal which extends, with logarithmic singularities and nilpotent residues, to some complete variety. We also establish an analogue forF-isocrystals overconvergent inside a partial compactification. By previous results, this reduces to solving a local problem in a neighborhood of a valuation of height 1 and residual transcendence degree zero. We do this by studying the variation of some numerical invariants attached top-adic differential modules, analogous to the irregularity of a complex meromorphic connection. This allows for an induction on the transcendence defect of the valuation, i.e., the discrepancy between the dimension of the variety and the rational rank of the valuation.
Expression of follicular helper T cell markers in nodal peripheral T cell lymphomas: a tissue microarray analysis of 162 cases
Authors: Zhan He-Qin , Li Xiao-Qiu , Zhu Xiong-Zeng , Lu Hong-Fen , Zhou Xiao-Yan , Chen Yan 
Published: February 2011

AimsTo evaluate the role of the follicular helper T (TFH) cell markers, CD10, BCL6, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and CXCL13, in the differential diagnosis of nodal peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) and to determine whether PTCL subtypes other than angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) express TFHcell markers.Methods162 nodal PTCL specimens and 53 other lymphoid pathology specimens were collected. Immunohistochemistry for CD10, BCL6, PD-1 and CXCL13 was performed on tissue microarray sections. Morphological feature analysis and double labelling assay were also performed.ResultsFor AITL cases, the rate of CD10, BCL6, PD-1 and CXCL13 expression was 75.0% (36/48), 66.7% (32/48), 93.8% (45/48) and 97.9% (47/48), respectively. Expression of CD10, PD-1 and CXCL13 in the AITL group was significantly higher than in other nodal PTCLs and the control group (p<0.05). The rate of coexpression of three or four (≥3) markers was 83.3% for AITL cases, which was significantly higher than that for any of the non-AITL cases (0–4.9%; p<0.05). The rate of coexpression of PD-1 and CXCL13 (91.7%, 44/48) was significantly higher than that of CD10 and BCL6 (56.3%, 27/48) (p=0.000) in the AITL group. Seventeen cases of PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL, NOS) expressed CXCL13, including both cases of the follicular variant of PTCL, NOS (FVPTCL, NOS), three of the four cases of the lymphoepithelioid variant of PTCL, NOS (LVPTCL, NOS), and the remaining 12 cases which displayed one or more features of AITL.ConclusionsThe combined detection of CD10, BCL6, PD-1 and CXCL13 has high specificity and sensitivity for the differential diagnosis of AITL. PD-1 and CXCL13 are more sensitive, superior diagnostic markers for AITL than CD10 and BCL6. Currently, TFHcell markers are the only available markers that show high specificity for AITL. LVPTCL, NOS and/or FVPTCL, NOS may also arise from TFHcells and fall within the spectrum of AITL.
HEAVY FLAVOUR HADRONIC MOLECULES
Authors: ORTEGA P. G. , ENTEM D. R. , FERNÁNDEZ F. 
Published: February 2011

The structure and different decay modes of the X(3872) resonance are described in a constituent quark model as dynamically generated by the coupling of a molecular DD* state with a [Formula: see text] state. We also obtain in the D*D* JPC = 1-- channel a bound state that can be identify with the Y(4008) charmonium state. Other possible molecular states in the hidden bottom sector are discussed.
Gene Expression Profiling Provides Insights into Pathways of Oxaliplatin-Related Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome in Humans
Authors: Rubbia-Brandt Laura , Tauzin Sébastien , Brezault Catherine , Delucinge-Vivier Céline , Descombes Patrick , Dousset Bertand , Majno Pietro E. , Mentha Gilles , Terris Benoit 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS; formerly veno-occlusive disease) is a well-established complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, pyrrolizidine alkaloid intoxication, and widely used chemotherapeutic agents such as oxaliplatin. It is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Pathogenesis of SOS in humans is poorly understood. To explore its molecular mechanisms, we used Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays to investigate the gene expression profile of 11 human livers with oxaliplatin-related SOS and compared it to 12 matched controls. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that profiles from SOS and controls formed distinct clusters. To identify functional networks and gene ontologies, data were analyzed by the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis Tool. A total of 913 genes were differentially expressed in SOS: 613 being upregulated and 300 downregulated. Reverse transcriptase-PCR results showed excellent concordance with microarray data. Pathway analysis showed major gene upregulation in six pathways in SOS compared with controls: acute phase response (notably interleukin 6), coagulation system (Serpine1, THBD, and VWF), hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation (COL3a1, COL3a2, PDGF-A, TIMP1, and MMP2), and oxidative stress. Angiogenic factors (VEGF-C) and hypoxic factors (HIF1A) were upregulated. The most significant increase was seen in CCL20 mRNA. In conclusion, oxaliplatin-related SOS can be readily distinguished according to morphologic characteristics but also by a molecular signature. Global gene analysis provides new insights into mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-related hepatotoxicity in humans and potential targets relating to its diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Activation of VEGF and coagulation (vWF) pathways could partially explain at a molecular level the clinical observations that bevacizumab and aspirin have a preventive effect in SOS. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(4); 687–96. ©2011 AACR.
Isorhamnetin Suppresses Skin Cancer through Direct Inhibition of MEK1 and PI3-K
Authors: Kim Jong-Eun , Lee Dong-Eun , Lee Ki Won , Son Joe Eun , Seo Sang Kwon , Li Jixia , Jung Sung Keun , Heo Yong-Seok , Mottamal Madhusoodanan , Bode Ann M. , Dong Zigang , Lee Hyong Joo 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
3′-Methoxy-3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone (isorhamnetin) is a plant flavonoid that occurs in fruits and medicinal herbs. Isorhamnetin exerts anticancer effects, but the underlying molecular mechanism for the chemopreventive potential of isorhamnetin remains unknown. Here, we report anti–skin cancer effects of isorhamnetin, which inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced neoplastic cell transformation. It also suppressed anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of A431 human epithelial carcinoma cells. Isorhamnetin attenuated EGF-induced COX-2 expression in JB6 and A431 cells. In an in vivo mouse xenograft using A431 cells, isorhamnetin reduced tumor growth and COX-2 expression. The EGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, p90 and p70 ribosomal S6 kinases, and Akt was suppressed by isorhamnetin. In vitro and ex vivo kinase assay data showed that isorhamnetin inhibited the kinase activity of MAP (mitogen-activated protein)/ERK (extracellular signal regulated kinase) kinase (MEK) 1 and PI3-K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) and the inhibition was due to direct binding with isorhamnetin. Notably, isorhamnetin bound directly to MEK1 in an ATP-noncompetitive manner and to PI3-K in an ATP-competitive manner. This report is the first mechanistic study identifying a clear molecular target for the anticancer activity of isorhamnetin. Overall, these results indicate that isorhamnetin has potent anticancer activity and it primarily targets MEK and PI3-K, which might contribute to the chemopreventive potential of certain foods. Cancer Prev Res; 4(4); 582–91. ©2011 AACR.
CD155 on Human Vascular Endothelial Cells Attenuates the Acquisition of Effector Functions in CD8 T Cells
Authors: Escalante Nichole K. , von Rossum Anna , Lee Martin , Choy Jonathan C. 
Published: February 2011

Objective—
CD155 is a cell surface protein that has recently been described to exert immune regulatory functions. We have characterized the expression of CD155 on human vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and examined its role in the regulation of T-cell activation.

Methods and Results—
CD155 was expressed on resting human vascular ECs and was upregulated in an interferon-γ (IFNγ)–dependent manner. When the function of CD155 in regulating T-cell activation was examined, antibody-mediated neutralization of CD155 did not affect CD8 T-cell proliferation in response to stimulation with ECs. However, neutralization of CD155 activity or small interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of CD155 expression in ECs increased expression of IFNγ and cytotoxic effector function in activated CD8 T cells.

Conclusion—
CD155 is an IFNγ-inducible immune regulatory protein on the surface of human ECs that attenuates the acquisition of effector functions in CD8 T cells.
Predicting Clinical Outcome in Comatose Cardiac Arrest Patients Using Early Noncontrast Computed Tomography
Authors: Wu Ona , Batista Leonardo M. , Lima Fabricio O. , Vangel Mark G. , Furie Karen L. , Greer David M. 
Published: February 2011

Background and Purpose—
Early assessment of the likelihood of neurological recovery in comatose cardiac arrest survivors remains challenging. We hypothesize that quantitative noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) combined with neurological assessments, are predictive of outcome.

Methods—
We analyzed data sets acquired from comatose cardiac arrest patients who underwent CT within 72 hours of arrest. Images were semiautomatically segmented into anatomic regions. Median Hounsfield units (HU) were measured regionally and in the whole brain (WB). Outcome was based on the 6-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Logistic regression was used to combine Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score measured on Day 3 post arrest (GCS_Day3) with imaging to predict poor outcome (mRS>4).

Results—

WB HU (
P
=0.02) and the ratio of HU in the putamen to the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) (
P
=0.004) from 175 datasets from 151 patients were univariate predictors of poor outcome. Thirty-three patients underwent hypothermia treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that combining median HU in the putamen (
P
=0.0006) and PLIC (
P
=0.007) was predictive of poor outcome. Combining WB HU and GCS_Day3 resulted in 72% [61% to 80%] sensitivity and 100% [73% to 100%] specificity for predicting poor outcome in 86 patients with measurable GCS_Day3. This was an improvement over prognostic performance based on GCS_Day3≤8 (98% sensitive but 71% specific).

Discussion—
Combining density changes on CT with GCS_Day3 may be useful for predicting poor outcome in comatose cardiac arrest patients who are neither rapidly improving nor deteriorating. Improved prognostication with CT compared with neurological assessments can be achieved in patients treated with hypothermia.
The Church of the Reformation Faces Today's Challenges
Authors: Hromádka Joseph L. 
Published: February 2011

Prefatory Note—Dr. Joseph L. Hromádka, Dean of the Jan Hus Theological Faculty in Prague, is considered the foremost Protestant theologian and Church leader in Czechoslovakia. He fled the Nazi terror and came to the United States to spend eight years in exile as a professor of theology in Princeton Theological Seminary. Shortly after the War closed, during the summer of 1947, he and his family returned to his native land to help in the reconstruction. Political conditions changed rapidly and the Communist Party came into power early in 1948. Since that time Dr. Hromádka and his colleagues have had to face a new situation. They have tried to maintain a Christian position in their national revolution, believing that while the new order represents an inevitable development in history, the Christian must not withdraw from it, but take a positive yet critical attitude towards it and give his Christian witness in it. That this is being done is evidenced by this powerful address, which is here presented in unabridged form. Some think that Hromádka has gone too far in working with the new order, although they admire his courageous stand and his precarious position. Others, who know the European situation, feel that he is on the right course, and that his future will no doubt determine the future of evangelical Christianity in all Communist countries. Communists in Czechoslovakia respect men like Hromádka, because they know that such Christians are sincere, fearless, and incorruptible. They also know that Christians like Hromádka have great social concern for the people. This address, delivered a few months ago to several thousand people in one of the large halls of Prague, is based upon Psalm 75 and will indicate to those who read the Psalm how relevant the Bible is! It reveals the core of the Protestant faith of the Reformation which is coming to renewed life in many areas of the Church. The address also communicates the tension which in a sense always exists between the Church and the world, the tension which in our time has become acute.—E. G. Homrighausen.
A Time to Mourn and a Time to Plant
Authors: Bilgrien Marie Vianney 
Published: February 2011

What we're planting here, only God knows how to make grow. —Grave digger's remark to Bishop Casaldáliga of Brazil as they buried yet another tortured, murdered compesino For we know that to this day the entire creation has been groaning and suffering agony together as if in childbirth. We also groan within ourselves as we await the redemption of our bodies. —Romans 8:22–23
High intensity interval training reduces systemic inflammation in post-PCI patients
Authors: Munk Peter Scott , Breland Unni Mathilde , Aukrust Pål , Ueland Thor , Kvaløy Jan Terje , Larsen Alf Inge 
Published: February 2011

Background: Increased plasma levels of inflammatory markers and markers of endothelial cell activation have been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events. Exercise training may lower the risk for coronary heart disease by attenuating inflammation and improving endothelial function. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of regular high-intensity exercise training on a wide range of markers of inflammation and endothelial cell activation. Materials and methods: Consecutively, 40 patients were prospectively randomized to a 6 months supervised high-intensity interval training programme or to a control group following successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Blood samples of 36 patients with stable angina, drawn at baseline (before PCI) and at 6 months, were analysed. Late luminal loss was measured at 6 months using quantitative coronary angiography. Results: At 6 months, levels of the inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were reduced and levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased in the training group only. The decrease in IL-6 and C-reactive protein levels were significantly correlated with the decrease in luminal loss following PCI. In contrast to these anti-inflammatory effects, training had no effect on markers of platelet-mediated inflammation, and the effect of training on markers on endothelial cell activation were rather complex showing attenuating (von Willebrand factor) and enhancing (E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) effects. Conclusions: Regular exercise training in stable angina patients following PCI may attenuate some, but not all, inflammatory pathways, potentially contributing to the beneficial effects of exercise training on restenosis.