bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep Quality and Sleepiness in Persons with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: Outcome from a Clinical Randomized Longitudinal Trial
Authors: BERG SELINA KIKKENBORG , HIGGINS MELINDA , REILLY CAROLYN M. , LANGBERG JONATHAN J. , DUNBAR SANDRA B. 
Published: February 2012

Background:
Patients receiving an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) report various types and degree of sleep disruptions, but little is known regarding their characteristics, duration, and associated factors. The purposes of this study were: (1) to describe the effect of a psychoeducational intervention on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, (2) to describe patterns of sleep over time, and (3) to identify predictors of poor sleep in an ICD population.
Methods:
A randomized longitudinal intervention trial was designed to test the effects of a psychoeducational intervention, which included a sleep education and counseling session in patients receiving their initial ICD. Patients (n = 236; 75% men; mean age 58.4 [±11.2] from the PsychoEducationAl Intervention for ICD PatiEnts (PEACE) trial comprised the study population. Variables related to sleep were measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).
Results:
No psychoeducational intervention effects on sleep outcomes were observed. However, 67.2% of the patients reported poor sleep quality at baseline, and 56.8% had low sleep quality at 6 months based on PSQI scores >5; one‐third (32.6%) were excessively sleepy based on ESS scores ≥10 at 6 months. Anxiety, depression, physical function, pain intensity, and pain severity were all highly correlated to each other across time. Female gender was a significant covariate for the PSQI. New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was a significant covariate for sleepiness (Epworth).
Conclusions:
Low sleep quality and daytime sleepiness are found at time of insertion and over time in patients with ICD. Female gender, higher NYHA class, as well as two latent factors encompassing increased anxiety, depressive symptoms, and decreased physical function and increased pain, were significant predictors of poor sleep quality and sleepiness over time. These data help identify those at higher risk for sleep problems after ICD. PACE 2012; 35:431–443)
Black hole on film following catheter insertion
Authors: Chen Hsuan‐Wei , Chen Jin‐Shuen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractVascular accesses both permanent and temporary play an essential role in the procedure of hemodialysis (HD). The double lumen catheter (DLC) is one form of temporal vascular access which may produce different complications based on where the DLC is inserted. Here, we report a case of a cirrhotic patient receiving HD. The DLC was inserted through the left femoral vein. Later on, an unusual catheter position, mimicking a perforation in the iliac vessel, was noted in the incidental image finding. After venography, we concluded that this DLC had entered the dilated left gonadal vein, and was working well. This condition may be explained by portal hypertension leading to increased frequency of collateral branches and easy dilatation of the left gonadal vein. This condition may develop in a cirrhotic patient with portal hypertension, but there is no harm to a patient. However, this condition leads to an interesting computed tomography image, which may result in misinterpretation of the imaging reports and a clinical misdiagnosis.
Caregiver burden among nocturnal home hemodialysis patients
Authors: Rioux Jean‐Philippe , Narayanan Ranjit , Chan Christopher T. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRecent studies have suggested improvements in quality of life (QOL) in patients on quotidian dialysis compared with conventional hemodialysis. Few studies have focused on the burden and QOL in caregivers of patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) on nocturnal home hemodialysis (NHD). We aim to assess the caregivers’ burden, QOL, and depressive symptoms and to compare these parameters with their patients’ counterparts. Cross‐sectional surveys were sent to 61 prevalent NHD patients and their caregivers. Surveys assessed demographics, general self‐perceived health using the 12‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐12) and the presence of depression using the Beck Depression Inventory. Subjective burden on caregivers was assessed by the Caregiver Burden scale and was compared with perceived burden by the patients. Thirty‐six patients and 31 caregivers completed the survey. The majority of caregivers were female (66%), spouse (81%) with no comorbid illness (72%). Their mean age was 51 ± 11 years. Patients were mostly male (64%) with a median ESRD vintage of 60 months (interquartile range [IQR], 18–136 months) and a mean age of 52 ± 10 years. Compared to caregivers, patients had lower perceived physical health score but had similar mental health score. Depression criteria were present in 47% of patients and 25% of caregivers. Total global burden perceived by either caregivers or patients is relatively low. Although there is a relatively low global burden perceived by caregivers and patients undergoing NHD, a significant proportion of both groups fulfilled criteria for depression. Further innovative approaches are needed to support caregivers and patients performing NHD to reduce the intrusion of caring for a chronic illness and the risk of developing depression.
Testing the Limits of Long‐Distance Learning: Learning Beyond a Three‐Segment Window
Authors: Finley Sara 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTraditional flat‐structured bigram and trigram models of phonotactics are useful because they capture a large number of facts about phonological processes. Additionally, these models predict that local interactions should be easier to learn than long‐distance ones because long‐distance dependencies are difficult to capture with these models. Long‐distance phonotactic patterns have been observed by linguists in many languages, who have proposed different kinds of models, including feature‐based bigram and trigram models, as well as precedence models. Contrary to flat‐structured bigram and trigram models, these alternatives capture unbounded dependencies because at an abstract level of representation, the relevant elements are locally dependent, even if they are not adjacent at the observable level. Using an artificial grammar learning paradigm, we provide additional support for these alternative models of phonotactics. Participants in two experiments were exposed to a long‐distance consonant‐harmony pattern in which the first consonant of a five‐syllable word was [s] or [∫] (“sh”) and triggered a suffix that was either [‐su] or [‐∫u] depending on the sibilant quality of this first consonant. Participants learned this pattern, despite the large distance between the trigger and the target, suggesting that when participants learn long‐distance phonological patterns, that pattern is learned without specific reference to distance.
Musings About Beauty
Authors: Kintsch Walter 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this essay, I explore how cognitive science could illuminate the concept of beauty. Two results from the extensive literature on aesthetics guide my discussion. As the term “beauty” is overextended in general usage, I choose as my starting point the notion of “perfect form.” Aesthetic theorists are in reasonable agreement about the criteria for perfect form. What do these criteria imply for mental representations that are experienced as beautiful? Complexity theory can be used to specify constraints on mental representations abstractly formulated as vectors in a high‐dimensional space. A central feature of the proposed model is that perfect form depends both on features of the objects or events perceived and on the nature of the encoding strategies or model of the observer. A simple example illustrates the proposed calculations. A number of interesting implications that arise as a consequence of reformulating beauty in this way are noted.
Did the Chinese Have a Change of Heart?
Authors: Klein Esther , Klein Colin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn their “The Prevalence of Mind‐Body Dualism in Early China,” Slingerland and Chudek use a statistical analysis of the early Chinese corpus to argue for Weak Folk Dualism (WFD). We raise three methodological objections to their analysis. First, the change over time that they find is largely driven by genre. Second, the operationalization of WFD is potentially misleading. And, third, dating the texts they use is extremely controversial. We conclude with some positive remarks.
HTLV‐I‐Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: Semiautomatic Quantification of Spinal Cord Atrophy from 3‐Dimensional MR Images
Authors: Evangelou Iordanis E. , Massoud Raya , Jacobson Steven 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDHuman T‐cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐I)‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a disabling neurological disorder characterized by inflammatory changes in the spinal cord. We used a semiautomatic technique to quantify spinal cord volume from 3‐dimensional MR images of patients with HAM/TSP.METHODSFive patients and 5 matched healthy volunteers (HVs) underwent MRI of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord at 1.5 T. Quantification of the spinal cord volume was obtained from 3‐dimensional MR images using a semiautomatic technique based on level sets. An unpaired t‐test was used to assess statistical significance.RESULTSSignificant differences were found between mean spinal cord volume of HVs and HAM/TSP patients. The thoracic spinal cord volume was 14,050 ± 981 mm3 for HVs and 8,774 ± 2,218 mm3 for HAM/TSP patients (P = .0079), a reduction of 38%. The cervical spinal cord volume was 9,721 ± 797 mm3 for HVs and 6,589 ± 897 mm3 for HAM/TSP patients (P = .0079), a reduction of 32%. These results suggest that atrophy is evident throughout the spinal cord not routinely quantified.CONCLUSIONSSemiautomatic spinal cord volume quantification is a sensitive technique for quantifying the extent of spinal cord involvement in HAM/TSP.
The Unique Features of Traumatic Brain Injury in Children. Review of the Characteristics of the Pediatric Skull and Brain, Mechanisms of Trauma, Patterns of Injury, Complications, and their Imaging Findings—Part 2
Authors: Pinto Pedro S. , Meoded Avner , Poretti Andrea , Tekes Aylin , Huisman Thierry A. G. M. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The unique biomechanical, hemodynamical, and functional characteristics of the developing brain and the age‐dependent variance in trauma mechanisms result in a wide range of age specific traumas and patterns of brain injuries. Detailed knowledge of the main primary and secondary pediatric injuries, which enhance sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis, will guide therapy and may give important information about the prognosis. In recent years, anatomical but also functional imaging methods have revolutionized neuroimaging of pediatric TBI. The purpose of this article is (1) to comprehensively review frequent primary and secondary brain injuries and (2) to give a short overview of two special types of pediatric TBI: birth related and nonaccidental injuries. J Neuroimaging 2012;22:e18–e41.
Vestibular regeneration – experimental models and clinical implications
Authors: Albu Silviu , Muresanu Dafin F. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTherapies aimed at the protection and/or regeneration of inner ear hair cells are of great interest, given the significant monetary and quality of life impact of balance disorders. Different viral vectors have been shown to transfect various cell types in the inner ear. The past decade has provided tremendous advances in the use of adenoviral vectors to achieve targeted treatment delivery. Several routes of delivery have been identified to introduce vectors into the inner ear while minimizing injury to surrounding structures. Recently, the transcription factor Atoh1 was determined to play a critical role in hair cell differentiation. Adenoviral‐mediated overexpression of Atoh1 in culture and in vivo has demonstrated the ability to regenerate vestibular hair cells by causing transdifferentiation of neighbouring epithelial‐supporting cells. Functional recovery of the vestibular system has also been documented following adenoviral‐induced Atoh1 overexpression. Experiments demonstrating gene transfer in human vestibular epithelial cells reveal that the human inner ear is a suitable target for gene therapy.
AL3810, a multi‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor, exhibits potent anti‐angiogenic and anti‐tumour activity via targeting VEGFR, FGFR and PDGFR
Authors: Zhou Yuanfeng , Chen Yi , Tong Linjiang , Xie Hua , Wen Weiwei , Zhang Jie , Xi Yong , Shen Yanyan , Geng Meiyu , Wang Yuanyuan , Jiang Hualiang , Luo Cheng , Lin Liping , Ding Jian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAngiogenesis plays an important role in neoplastic transformation and progression as well as in the metastasis process of most human cancers. Herein, we identified AL3810 as a novel and orally bioavailable small molecular inhibitor with potent inhibitory activity against multiple tyrosine kinases involved in the process of angiogenesis. We found that AL3810 substantially inhibited the autophosphorylation of VEGFR2, PDGFRβ and FGFR1 in endothelial cells. Moreover, AL3810 exhibited potent anti‐angiogenesis activity, manifested by significant inhibition of microvessel outgrowth of rat arterial ring and chickallantochorion membrane (CAM) in ex vivo angiogenesis models. Daily dosing of AL3810 has shown broad‐spectrum anti‐tumour activity in human kidney, pancreas, liver cancer xenograft models. Importantly, immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that the anti‐tumour activity of AL3810 was closely correlated with its anti‐angiogenesis activity, as demonstrated by a decreased microvessel area and reduced microvessel numbers in tumour tissues. The overall pharmacological profiles of AL3810 are superior to sorafenib. The clinical trials of AL3810 will soon be launched in China.
Genistein as a potential inducer of the anti‐atherogenic enzyme paraoxonase‐1: studies in cultured hepatocytes in vitro and in rat liver in vivo
Authors: Schrader Charlotte , Ernst Insa M. A. , Sinnecker Heike , Soukup Sebastian T. , Kulling Sabine E. , Rimbach Gerald 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA number of cardioprotective effects, including the reduced oxidation of the low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, have been attributed to dietary soy isoflavones. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an enzyme mainly synthesized in the liver, may exhibit anti‐atherogenic activity by protecting LDL from oxidation. Thus, dietary and pharmacological inducers of PON1 may decrease cardiovascular disease risk. Using a luciferase reporter gene assay we screened different flavonoids for their ability to induce PON1 in Huh7 hepatocytes in culture. Genistein was the most potent flavonoid with regard to its PON1‐inducing activity, followed by daidzein, luteolin, isorhamnetin and quercetin. Other flavonoids such as naringenin, cyanidin, malvidin and catechin showed only little or no PON1‐inducing activity. Genistein‐mediated PON1 transactivation was partly inhibited by the oestrogen‐receptor antagonist fulvestrant as well as by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist 7‐ketocholesterol. In contrast to genistein, the conjugated genistein metabolites genistein‐7‐glucuronide, genistein‐7‐sulfate and genistein‐7,4′‐disulfate were only weak inducers of PON1 transactivation. Accordingly, dietary genistein supplementation (2 g/kg diet over three weeks) in growing rats did not increase hepatic PON1 mRNA and protein levels as well as plasma PON1 activity. Thus, genistein may be a PON1 inducer in cultured hepatocytes in vitro, but not in rats in vivo.
Osteoinduction and survival of osteoblasts and bone‐marrow stromal cells in 3D biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds under static and dynamic culture conditions
Authors: Rath Subha N. , Strobel Leonie A. , Arkudas Andreas , Beier Justus P. , Maier Anne‐Kathrin , Greil Peter , Horch Raymund E. , Kneser Ulrich 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn many tissue engineering approaches, the basic difference between in vitro and in vivo conditions for cells within three‐dimensional (3D) constructs is the nutrition flow dynamics. To achieve comparable results in vitro, bioreactors are advised for improved cell survival, as they are able to provide a controlled flow through the scaffold. We hypothesize that a bioreactor would enhance long‐term differentiation conditions of osteogenic cells in 3D scaffolds. To achieve this either primary rat osteoblasts or bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) were implanted on uniform‐sized biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds produced by a 3D printing method. Three types of culture conditions were applied: static culture without osteoinduction (Group A); static culture with osteoinduction (Group B); dynamic culture with osteoinduction (Group C). After 3 and 6 weeks, the scaffolds were analysed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dsDNA amount, SEM, fluorescent labelled live‐dead assay, and real‐time RT‐PCR in addition to weekly alamarBlue assays. With osteoinduction, increased ALP values and calcium deposition are observed; however, under static conditions, a significant decrease in the cell number on the biomaterial is observed. Interestingly, the bioreactor system not only reversed the decreased cell numbers but also increased their differentiation potential. We conclude from this study that a continuous flow bioreactor not only preserves the number of osteogenic cells but also keeps their differentiation ability in balance providing a suitable cell‐seeded scaffold product for applications in regenerative medicine.
Overexpression of mouse TTF‐2 gene causes cleft palate
Authors: Meng Tian , Shi Jia‐Yu , Wu Min , Wang Yan , Li Ling , Liu Yan , Zheng Qian , Huang Lei , Shi Bing 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn humans, mutations of the gene encoding for thyroid transcription factor‐2 (TTF‐2 or FOXE1) result in Bamforth syndrome. Bamforth syndrome is characterized by agenesis, cleft palate, spiky hair and choanal atresia. TTF‐2 null mice (TTF‐2−/−) also exhibit cleft palate, suggesting its involvement in the palatogenesis. However, the molecular pathology and genetic regulation by TTF2 remain largely unknown. In the present study, the recombinant expression vector pBROAD3‐TTF‐2 containing the promoter of the mouse ROSA26 gene was created to form the structural gene of mouse TTF‐2 and was microinjected into the male pronuclei of fertilized ova. Sequence analysis confirmed that the TTF‐2 transgenic mouse model was established successfully. The transgenic mice displayed a phenotype of cleft palate. In addition, we found that TTF‐2 was highly expressed in the medial edge epithelium (MEE) from the embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) to E14.5 in TTF‐2 transgenic mice. These observations suggest that overexpression of TTF‐2 during palatogenesis may contribute to formation of cleft palate.
Increased Twist expression in advanced stage of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome
Authors: Goswami Meghali , Duvic Madeleine , Dougherty Alexis , Ni Xiao 
Published: February 2012

Background: The mechanisms of tumor progression in mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are poorly understood. Twist, a transcription factor, is thought to promote solid tumor progression by blocking p53 and inhibiting c‐myc‐induced apoptosis. Whether Twist expression is correlated to MF/SS stages remains unknown.Methods: Twist, c‐myc and p53 proteins in 68 MF/SS lesions across all T stages were examined by immunohistochemistry, and mRNA levels in peripheral blood CD4+ T‐cells from SS patients were measured by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results: Positive staining for Twist was found in 12.5% (2/16) of T1 and 33.3% (7/21) of T2 early stage patches/plaques compared to 50.0% (9/18) of T3 tumors and 84.6% (11/13) of T4 erythroderma. Most T4 erythroderma were positive for Twist in dermal lymphocytes, with the strongest staining. Positive staining for c‐myc was higher in T3/T4 lesions (29/31, 93.5%) than T1/T2 lesions (25/37, 67.6%, p < 0.05), with strongest staining in T3 tumors. Aberrant p53 expression was more common in T3/T4 lesions (8/31, 25.8%) than in T1/T2 lesions (2/37, 5.4%, p < 0.05). Twist mRNA was detected in all CD4+ T cells from SS patients but not in normal donors.Conclusions: Increased Twist protein expression in advanced MF/SS lesions suggests that Twist expression may correlate with MF/SS stages.Goswami M, Duvic M, Dougherty A, Ni X. Increased Twist expression in advanced stage of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome.
Age‐dependent change in behavioral feature in Rubinstein‐Taybi syndrome
Authors: Yagihashi Tatsuhiko , Kosaki Kenjiro , Okamoto Nobuhiko , Mizuno Seiji , Kurosawa Kenji , Takahashi Takao , Sato Yuji , Kosaki Rika 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTRubinstein‐Taybi syndrome (RTS) is characterized by developmental delay, postnatal growth retardation, typical facial appearance, and broad thumbs and big toes. The behavioral phenotype of children with RTS has been described as friendly and having good social contacts; however, a short attention span and hyperactivity are sometimes present. Little attention has been paid to the behavioral aspects of adults with RTS. We conducted an observational study focusing on behavioral problems in adolescents and adults with RTS compared with children with RTS. A total of 63 patients with RTS and their caretakers answered self‐administered questionnaires regarding behavioral features including the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). High total CBCL scores were observed, and the mean score was beyond the clinical cut‐off point. After stratification into two groups according to age, the older group (≥14 years) displayed statistically significant higher scores for Anxious/Depression (P = 0.002) and Aggressive Behavior (P = 0.036) than the younger group (≤13 years). In analyses of single items, statistically significant differences between the younger group and the older group were found for ‘Nervous, high‐strung, or tense’ (31.3% vs 67.7%, P = 0.004) and ‘Too fearful or anxious’ (37.5% vs 64.5%, P = 0.032). Here, we showed that the specific behavioral phenotypes of RTS change during adolescence, with anxiety, mood instability, and aggressive behavior emerging as patients age. A clear need exists to follow‐up patients with RTS to catch the eventual emergence of psychiatric problems with age. If necessary, pharmacological treatment should be considered.
Contingency Management in Community Programs Treating Adolescent Substance Abuse: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Killeen Therese K. , McRae‐Clark Aimee L. , Waldrop Angela E. , Upadhyaya Himanshu , Brady Kathleen T. 
Published: February 2012

PROBLEM:  Adolescent substance abuse remains a public health problem, and more effective treatment approaches are needed.PURPOSE:  The study aims to determine the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of implementing a cost‐effective contingency management (CM) intervention in community substance abuse treatment for adolescents with marijuana use disorders.METHODS:  Thirty‐one adolescents with primary marijuana use disorder enrolled in a community treatment were randomized into either a prize‐based CM intervention contingent when submitting negative urine drug screens (UDS) or a noncontingent control group.FINDINGS:  There were no significant group differences in percent negative UDS, sustained negative UDS, or retention in treatment.CONCLUSIONS:  CM was difficult to integrate into community treatment programs and did not seem to be an effective adjunct to standard community substance abuse treatment for adolescents with marijuana use disorders. Modifying the CM procedure for adolescents, changing staff attitudes toward CM, and/or combining CM with other evidence‐based psychosocial treatment may improve outcomes.