bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression pattern and sub‐cellular distribution of phosphoinositide specific phospholipase C enzymes after treatment with U‐73122 in rat astrocytoma cells
Authors: Lo Vasco Vincenza Rita , Fabrizi Cinzia , Panetta Barbara , Fumagalli Lorenzo , Cocco Lucio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPhosphoinositide specific phospholipase C (PI‐PLC) enzymes interfere with the metabolism of inositol phospholipids (PI), molecules involved in signal transduction, a complex process depending on various components. Many evidences support the hypothesis that, in the glia, isoforms of PI‐PLC family display different expression and/or sub cellular distribution under non‐physiological conditions such as the rat astrocytes activation during neurodegeneration, the tumoural progression of some neoplasms and the inflammatory cascade activation after lipopolysaccharide administration, even if their role remains not completely elucidated. Treatment of a cultured established glioma cell line (C6 rat astrocytoma cell line) induces a modification in the pattern of expression and of sub cellular distribution of PI‐PLCs compared to untreated cells. Special attention require PI‐PLC beta3 and PI‐PLC gamma2 isoforms, whose expression and sub cellular localization significantly differ after U‐73122 treatment. The meaning of these modifications is unclear, also because the use of this N‐aminosteroid compound remains controversial, inasmuch it has further actions which might contribute to the global effect recorded on the treated cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1005–1012, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Degradation of phthalate esters (PAEs) in soil and the effects of PAEs on soil microcosm activity
Authors: Xie Hui‐Jun , Shi Yi‐Jing , Zhang Jian , Cui Yin , Teng Shao‐Xiang , Wang Shu‐Guang , Zhao Ran 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Phthalate esters (PAEs), a class of refractory and toxic organic compounds, are becoming one of the most widespread contaminants in the environment. Degradation of PAEs in soil has been investigated, but limited to one or a few kinds of PAEs. Microorganisms could be regarded as a sensitive bio‐indicator for soil contaminants. Therefore, four commonly used PAEs were chosen to investigate their degradation patterns and potential impacts on soil microbial activity with a series of bioassays.RESULT:PAEs in sterile soils changed slightly, while degradation of PAEs in non‐sterile soil followed a single first‐order kinetic. Higher concentrations of PAEs led to lower β‐glucosidase activity and higher protease activity, with smooth changes of phosphatase and urease activities. PAEs decreased average well color development (AWCD), while Shannon index (H) showed a tendency to increase after a decrease. Carbon utilization profile was affected significantly by PAEs, especially at 10 mg kg−1soil.CONCLUSION:Degradation of PAEs was driven mainly by microbial mediated processes. PAEs affected carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles variously, and had temporal effects on metabolic diversity, owing to the adaptation of microbes. Carbon substrates utilization changed from easily degradable sugars and carboxylic acids to recalcitrant compounds during the simulation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetic study of nordihydroguaiaretic acid recovery from Larrea tridentata by microwave‐assisted extraction
Authors: Martins Silvia , Aguilar Cristóbal N. , Garza‐Rodriguez Iliana de la , Mussatto Solange I. , Teixeira José A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a powerful antioxidant with biological activities of great interest in several health areas, including antiviral, cancer chemopreventive, and antitumorgenic. Little information is available on extraction methods of NDGA from Larrea tridentata. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop a rapid and effective microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) method for NDGA recovery from Larrea tridentata leaves, and to compare the results obtained with those found using conventional heat‐reflux extraction (HRE).RESULTS: Extraction time for similar NDGA yields was significantly reduced from 18 to 1 min when MAE was used instead of HRE. Optimum conditions for NDGA extraction (3.79 ± 0.65%) consisted in using 50% methanol as extraction solvent in a solid/liquid ratio of 1/10 g mL−1. Micrographs demonstrated that the improvement in NDGA extraction by MAE might be related to a greater extent of cell rupture of the plant material. Extracts obtained by MAE exhibited antiradical activity only slightly lower than those obtained by HRE.CONCLUSIONS: MAE proved to be a faster and more efficient method for NDGA extraction from Larrea tridentata leaves than HRE. The better results for NDGA extraction by MAE might be explained by the greater extent of cell rupture of plant material during the extraction process. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and evaluation of 2‐, 4‐, 5‐substituted nitroimidazole‐iminodiacetic acid‐99mTc(CO)3 complexes to target hypoxic tumors
Authors: Mallia Madhava B. , Subramanian Suresh , Mathur Anupam , Sarma H. D. , Venkatesh Meera , Banerjee Sharmila 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDetermination of hypoxia in tumor is an important problem in the clinical management of cancer. Towards this, a series of differently substituted nitroimidazoles, viz. 2‐nitro, 4‐nitro and 5‐nitroimidazole iminodiacetic acid (IDA) derivatives were synthesized and radio‐labeled with a [99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ core. The corresponding 185/187Re(CO)3 analogue of 2‐nitroimidazole‐IDA‐99mTc(CO)3 complex was also prepared and characterized to elucidate the mode of bonding between the ligand and the M(CO)3 core (M=99mTc, 185/187Re). All the three nitroimidazole‐IDA‐99mTc(CO)3 complexes could be prepared in over 95% yield determined by HPLC. The three complexes were then evaluated in a suitable animal model bearing tumor. Though the in vivo accumulation of complexes in hypoxic tissue is governed by factors such as lipophilicity, charge, etc., the variation in accumulation in hypoxic tissue, in the present case, could be explained by considering the reported values of single electron reduction potential of the respective nitroimidazoles. Among the three derivatives studied, the 2‐nitroimidazole‐IDA‐99mTc(CO)3 complex produced the best result followed by the 5‐nitroimidazole complex. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of α‐labeled aldehydes by base‐catalyzed exchange reactions
Authors: Ariza Xavier , Asins Guillermina , Garcia Jordi , Hegardt Fausto G. , Makowski Kamil , Serra Dolors , Velasco Javier 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA simple, efficient protocol for the preparation of α‐labeled aldehydes based on H/D exchange catalyzed by 4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)pyridine or Et3N is described. High chemical yields and ratios of isotope incorporation were obtained even when small amounts (∼1 mmol) of aldehyde were used. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncertainty analysis of a commercial microwave noise temperature measurement system using Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Weatherspoon Mark H. , Smith R. Joe 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA Monte Carlo simulation, a non‐linear fitting routine, and an uncertainty extraction routine are used to analyze the uncertainty of a commercial microwave noise temperature measurement system. Measured data for an S/C band synthetic FET‐based cold load, two microwave solid‐state noise diode hot loads, and an ambient load is obtained, and the measurement system uncertainties are subsequently assessed using different DUTs. An estimation of the measurement system uncertainties is determined for a range of DUT temperatures, and the results are consistent with the noise temperature uncertainties calculated from the measured data at the same frequency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopy of hydrogen‐arsenate group (AsO3OH) in solid‐state compounds: cobalt mineral phase burgessite Co2(H2O)4[AsO3OH]2·H2O
Authors: Čejka Jiří , Sejkora Jiří , Bahfenne Silmarilly , Palmer Sara J. , Plášil Jakub , Frost Ray L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRaman spectrum of burgessite, Co2(H2O)4[AsO3OH]2· H2O, was studied, interpreted and compared with its infrared spectrum. The stretching and bending vibrations of (AsO3) and As‐OH units, as well as the stretching, bending and libration modes of water molecules and hydroxyl ions were assigned. The range of OH···O hydrogen bond lengths was inferred from the Raman and infrared spectra of burgessite. The presence of (AsO3OH)2− units in the crystal structure of burgessite was proved, which is in agreement with its recently solved crystal structure. Raman and infrared spectra of erythrite inferred from the RRUFF database are used for comparison. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of topical sodium thiosulfate in experimentally induced myringosclerosis
Authors: Park Yong Ho , Park Chan Hee , Kim Hak Jun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of topical sodium thiosulfate (STS) in experimentally induced myringosclerosis (MS).Study Design:A prospective experimental animal study.Methods:Thirty Wistar albino rats were bilaterally myringotomized. The right ears were treated with STS or saline daily, and the left ears were left untreated and used as controls. The tympanic membranes were observed by otoendoscopy weekly, and tympanometric measurements were performed. All animals were histopathologically examined for myringosclerotic plaques.Results:Under otoendoscopy, myringosclerosis were observed around the handle of the malleus and near the annular region. The numbers of myringosclerotic ears were significantly more frequent in control and saline groups compared with the STS group (P < .05), and the formation of MS was more severe in control and saline groups compared with STS group (P < .05). Using tympanometric measurement, significantly reduced magnitudes of maximum admittance were observed in control and saline groups compared to normal and STS groups (P < .05). Under histopathologic examination, the tympanic membrane of the STS group appeared thinner than the control group (P < .05), with reduced calcium deposition than control and saline groups.Conclusions:Our results show that sodium thiosulfate has a preventive role in the development of myringosclerosis in the experimental animal model. Laryngoscope, 2010
Microscopic versus endoscopic pituitary surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Rotenberg Brian , Tam Samantha , Ryu Won Hyung A. , Duggal Neil 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To critically review current literature comparing microscopic versus endoscopic surgery in the treatment of pituitary adenomas.Study Design:Systematic review of the literature.Methods:All English language literature published between January 1989 and June 2009 on PubMed were eligible for inclusion. Inclusion criteria were: direct comparison between microscopic and fully endoscopic approaches and surgery performed with the intent to treat a pituitary adenoma. Endoscopic‐assisted comparisons and studies comparing outcomes with previous literature were excluded. Technical notes, case reports, letters, and comments were also excluded. Included studies were categorized according to level of evidence and evaluated for quality using a modified Downs and Black scale. Data was extracted and compared between studies.Results:Of the 3,586 studies retrieved from the search strategy, 11 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Various outcomes measures were used including: operating time, extent of tumor resection, postoperative normalization of hormone levels, incidence of complications, length of hospital stay, and patient pain and discomfort. The endoscopic approach decreased operating time, lumbar drains, immediate postoperative diabetes insipidus, some rhinologic complications, length of hospital stay, and patient pain and discomfort. Other outcome measures were comparable between the two approaches.Conclusions:The literature comparing endoscopic and microscopic pituitary surgery favors the endoscopic approach for pituitary surgery. Major outcome measures (extent of tumor resection, changes in hormone levels) do not differ between the two approaches. Complications, time in the operating room and hospital, and patient discomfort are significantly less with the endoscopic approach. Laryngoscope, 2010
Factors associated with nonparticipation in one‐year quality‐of‐life assessment in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gourin Christine G. , Kaboli Kavon C. , Boyce Brian J. , Burkhead Lori M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To identify factors associated with nonparticipation in long‐term quality‐of‐life (QOL) analysis in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) patients.Study Design:Restrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.Methods:Two hundred sixty‐one previously untreated HNSCC patients were prospectively evaluated using the University of Washington QOL questionnaire. Questionnaires were administered before treatment and at 1 year following treatment. Patients without data at 1 year were classified as nonparticipants.Results:At 1 year, 152 patients (58%) had complete QOL data. Nonparticipants differed from participants by stage, comorbidity, and disease status, with a greater proportion of patients with advanced stage disease, advanced comorbidity, and recurrent disease participating in QOL analysis at 1 year (P < .05). No significant differences were found between nonparticipants and participants with respect to age, race, primary site, treatment, travel distance, or socioeconomic variables. Multiple linear regression analysis showed differences in initial QOL scores between participants and nonparticipants only for activity, with lower mean initial scores for nonparticipants (β = −9.9, 95% confidence interval, −16.8 to −3.0; P = .005). Multiple logistic regression demonstrated significant differences in the odds of nonparticipation at 1 year for males (odds ratio [OR] 0.4, P = .01), T4 disease (OR 0.3, P = .001), uninsured patients (OR 2.8, P = .007), recurrent disease (OR 0.2, P < .0001), and comorbidity (OR 0.5, P = .025), after controlling for all other variables.Conclusions:Long‐term QOL analysis may be biased by greater participation from patients who require greater medical attention because of advanced tumor stage, recurrent disease, or comorbidity, whereas patients without insurance are under‐represented. These findings suggest limitations to the interpretation and application of long‐term QOL data. Laryngoscope, 2010
Defining milestones toward competency in mastoidectomy using a skills assessment paradigm
Authors: Francis Howard W. , Masood Hamid , Laeeq Kulsoom , Bhatti Nasir I. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To establish milestones toward achievement of surgical competency by using an objective assessment tool designed to measure the development of mastoidectomy skills in the operating room (OR).Study Design:Prospective longitudinal validation study.Methods:Fifty‐six evaluations were conducted in the OR on nine otolaryngology residents from PGY (postgraduate year) 2 to PGY 5 over a period of 3 years. Technical performance was measured over time using a task‐based checklist developed for assessment of mastoidectomy skills.Results:Three sets of technical milestones represented achievement of competency for progressively more complicated procedural steps: the first set was achieved after a mean of 6 ± 4.3 cases, the second set after 9 ± 6.7 cases (range of mean = 8–10 cases), and the third set after 13 ± 6.4 cases (range of mean = 12–14 cases).Conclusions:The acquisition of mastoidectomy skills can be integrated into surgical teaching in the OR, and this approach yields information that can aid individual skill development and program improvement. The identification of milestones in particular can help establish training benchmarks toward achievement of competency and in identifying trainees in need of remediation.
Evaluating the clinical usefulness of structured questions in parosmia assessment
Authors: Landis Basile N. , Frasnelli Johannes , Croy Ilona , Hummel Thomas 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Parosmia and phantosmia relate to distorted odor perceptions. Little is known about their clinical significance. Measuring phantosmia and parosmia is still not possible. Today, assessment of parosmia or phantosmia relies mainly upon the patient's interview and the physician's experience. Therefore, we investigated the clinical usefulness of four structured questions in comparison to the patient's history regarding their accuracy in terms of the presence of odor distortions.Study Design:Tertiary care center outpatient clinic analyses.Methods:Responses from 193 patients were analyzed. All patients underwent full olfactory work‐up (ear, nose, and throat examination, Sniffin' Sticks testing, structural brain imaging) and filled in a questionnaire with four parosmia questions and six questions regarding characteristics and severity of the parosmia. These responses formed the bases of a numerical parosmia score.Results:Patients with parosmia showed significantly lower parosmia scores (P <.001) when compared to either patients with phantosmia or patients without odor distortions. Two questions could be identified that showed a high association to the presence or absence of parosmia.Conclusions:The present results confirm reports on the high frequency of parosmia and phantosmia among patients suffering from olfactory disorders. A parosmia score could be established that distinguishes between patients with or without odor distortions. The score provides valuable information regarding the presence or absence of parosmia, thus helping the physician during the patient's evaluation. Laryngoscope, 2010
Creating a cross‐institutional grading scale for temporal bone dissection
Authors: Wan Dinah , Wiet Gregory J. , Welling D. Bradley , Kerwin Thomas , Stredney Don 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:There is increasing interest in objective assessment of surgeon competence. In the field of otolaryngology, several surgical training programs, including The Ohio State University, the University of Toronto, and Stanford University, have pursued standardized criteria to rate their trainees' performance in the initial steps of temporal bone dissection (complete mastoidectomy with facial recess approach). Although these assessment metrics require the completion of similar basic components integral to successful temporal bone dissection, certain listed criteria are unique to each institution. Our aim was to establish a more standardized set of criteria that can be used across different institutions to objectively assess temporal bone dissection. We translated these new criteria into automated metrics in our temporal bone dissection simulator to achieve even more objective grading of temporal bone dissections.Study Design:Cross‐sectional study/survey.Methods:The temporal bone assessment criteria developed by each of the three aforementioned institutions were compiled into an all‐encompassing scale. This compilation was sent out as an online survey to members of the American Neurotology Society and American Otological Society with instructions to rate the importance of each criterion.Results:Criteria that were ranked by >70% of respondents as either “very important” or “important” were used to create the new, cross‐institutional scale for the objective assessment of temporal bone dissection.Conclusions:The new assessment scale and its eventual incorporation into the temporal bone surgical simulator will enhance the objectivity of currently existing methods to evaluate surgical performance across different institutions. Laryngoscope, 2010
Model scale generation and microscopic characterisation of tribofilms formed on Fe and Cu alloys
Authors: Grün Florian , Gódor István , Javidi Ataollah , Pondicherry Kartik , Offenbecher Martin , Bertram Rich 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe layer‐forming properties of different lubricants on technically used tribosystems were investigated. The experiments were carried out on a ring‐on‐disc test set‐up on Fe/Fe‐ and Fe/Cu‐based systems. Three different lubricants were used viz. base oil with detergents (Oil‐A), oil with ZnP‐based additives (Oil‐B) and oil with P‐based additives (Oil‐C). We measured the electrical resistance between the rubbing surfaces. Surface characterisation (light microscopy, SEM/EDX and XPS) and tribometric results show differences in wear and friction properties. Oil‐B showed profound layer formation on steel counterparts and correlation in the amount of Zn and S, P and O, respectively; whereas, none of the above was observed with Oil‐A. Oil‐C, however, showed thin but tribologically effective layer formation on ferrous system and a superior performance for the Fe/Cu system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased ventricular lactate in chronic fatigue syndrome measured by 1H MRS imaging at 3.0 T. II: comparison with major depressive disorder
Authors: Murrough James W. , Mao Xiangling , Collins Katherine A. , Kelly Chris , Andrade Gizely , Nestadt Paul , Levine Susan M. , Mathew Sanjay J. , Shungu Dikoma C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), a complex illness characterized by fatigue, impaired concentration, and musculoskeletal pain, is often misdiagnosed as a psychiatric illness due to the overlap of its symptoms with mood and anxiety disorders. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H MRSI), we previously measured levels of the major brain metabolites in CFS, in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and in healthy control subjects, and found significantly higher levels of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate in CFS compared to the other two groups. In the present study, we sought to assess the specificity of this observation for CFS by comparing ventricular lactate levels in a new cohort of 17 CFS subjects with those in 19 healthy volunteers and in 21 subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD), which, like GAD, is a neuropsychiatric disorder that has significant symptom overlap with CFS. Ventricular CSF lactate was significantly elevated in CFS compared to healthy volunteers, replicating the major result of our previous study. Ventricular lactate measures in MDD did not differ from those in either CFS or healthy volunteers. We found a significant correlation between ventricular CSF lactate and severity of mental fatigue that was specific to the CFS group. In an exploratory analysis, we did not find evidence for altered levels of the amino acid neurotransmitters, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate + glutamine (‘Glx’), in CFS compared to MDD or healthy controls. Future 1H MRS studies with larger sample sizes and well‐characterized populations will be necessary to further clarify the sensitivity and specificity of neurometabolic abnormalities in CFS and MDD. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.