bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurological Considerations in Clavicle Fracture Fixation: A Retrospective Cohort Study on the Role of Supraclavicular Nerve Preservation
Authors: Zhang Weiliang , Tian Qian , Ge Qiaofeng , Yan Zhiliang , Zhang Jiyan , Zhao Guangyue , Zhu Yonggang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Clavicle fractures, frequently associated with sports and trauma, are prevalent injuries in the upper extremity. Surgical repair, a common intervention, aims to restore skeletal stability and facilitate functional recovery. The role of neural protection, particularly concerning the supraclavicular nerve, in clavicle fracture surgery remains an area of interest. The purpose of this study was to compare operative time, bleeding, postoperative hospitalization, postoperative pain, numbness, and upper extremity function between clavicle plastic surgery patients using supraclavicular nerve preservation and supraclavicular nerve sacrifice techniques.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study spanning January 2021 to January 2023 involved patients with midshaft clavicle fractures treated with dynamic compression plates or locking plates at Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital). Patient data were extracted, and surgical outcomes were meticulously recorded. Parameters such as operative time, estimated blood loss, post-operative hospitalization duration, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick-DASH) score, and the occurrence of numbness were among the comprehensive outcomes analyzed.
Results:
Among the 241 eligible patients, the study categorized them into Supraclavicular Nerve Preservation (SNP) and Supraclavicular Nerve Sacrificing (SNS) groups. Baseline analysis revealed comparable demographic and injury-related characteristics. Surgical outcomes analysis demonstrated no significant difference in operative time between the SNP and SNS groups (64.28 ± 16.07 vs. 67.50 ± 17.53, p = 0.19). Strikingly, the SNP group exhibited significantly lower blood loss during surgery compared to the SNS group (28.43 ± 13.35 vs. 36.51 ± 16.54, p < 0.01). No substantial difference in post-operative hospitalization duration was noted between the two groups (3.07 ± 1.07 vs. 3.23 ± 41.06, p = 0.32). Evaluation of postoperative numbness consistently favored the SNP group at 1 month (94.1% vs. 8.1%, p < 0.01), 3 months (95.6% vs. 10.4%, p < 0.01), 6 months (98.5% vs. 11.6%, p < 0.01), and 1 year postoperatively (98.5% vs. 13.3%, p < 0.01).
Conclusion:
This study suggests that the Supraclavicular Nerve Preservation approach, while equivalent in operative efficiency, offers advantages in reducing blood loss (p < 0.01) and minimizing postoperative numbness (all p < 0.01). These findings contribute valuable evidence to the discourse on optimal clavicle fracture management, emphasizing the importance of nerve preservation in surgical interventions. Further research is warranted to validate and extend these findings for broader clinical implications.
Is there a sex difference in the association between pre-stroke physical activity and functional independence from ischemic stroke
Authors: Fang Shuangfang , Zhang Baixiang , Lei Hanhan , Zhang Yidan , Lin Huiying , Chen Qingfa , Huang Huapin , Liu Nan , DU Houwei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Whether physical activity is associated with functional outcomes from ischemic stroke remains poorly understood. We aimed to explore the association of pre-stroke physical activity and functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke according to sex. Pre-stroke physical activity was assessed using a four-level questionnaire named Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale (SGPALS). Our primary outcome was functional independence, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2 three months after stroke onset. A prospective cohort study design was used to estimate the multivariable-adjusted odds of functional independence with pre-stroke physical activity. We analyzed 257 men and 142 women participants, including 230 physically inactive and 169 active ones in the final analysis. Physical active participants were at a higher odds of achieving functional independence at 3 months (adjusted OR 4.14, 95%CI 2.35 - 7.31). When stratified by sex adjusted point estimates from logistic regression models indicated that pre-stroke physical activity was significantly associated with 3-month functional independence in both men (OR 4.59, 95%CI 2.19-9.63) and women (OR 3.64, 95%CI 1.44-9.18). This study showed an association between physical activity and functional independence 3 months after ischemic stroke. Moreover, no indication of sex difference in this association were observed.
Host Genetic Background Affects the Brain Weight Influenced by Obesity and Diabetes Development in Collaborative Cross Mice
Authors: Paz Avia , Lone Iqbal M. , Midlej Kareem , Ghnaim Aya , Ben-Nun Nadav , Iraqi Fuad A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The population is increasingly obese, which is linked to the emergence of numerous health issues. Numerous risk factors are present along with the metabolic syndrome. Genetic components, environmental factors, and psychosocial impacts are some of the causes that contribute to obesity. Increases in diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, some malignancies, and sleep-related breathing issues have all been linked to an increase in obese cases. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus due to obesity has been shown to cause brain alterations that may lead to cognitive impairment. A correlation between T2D and an increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was observed. Thus, understanding the connection between these diseases may aid in halting or delaying their prevalence. In this report, we studied the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the development of obesity and diabetes and its effect on brain weight. In the two experimental groups, an evaluation was conducted on a cohort of 143 mice from eight different collaborative Cross (CC) mouse lines. For the entire 12 weeks experiment period, the mice were kept on either the high-fat diet (HFD) or chow diet (CHD). Throughout the experiment, the body weight of each mouse was recorded on weeks zero, 6, and 12, while the host's response to a glucose load and clearance was measured using the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) at two time points, week 6 and 12. These results were then converted to the area under the curve (AUC) values. At week 12, mice were culled, their brains were removed, and then evaluated. The results have revealed that HFD has a different impact on obesity and T2D development, as well as on brain weight among the different CC lines, and varies depending on the sex. Finally, we applied machine learning (ML) approaches to explore aspects of brain weight changes, using sex, diet, initial body weight, and area under the curve (AUC) as an indicator for T2D development and severity at weeks 6 and 12 at the end-stage of the experiment, while variation in efficiency exists between different host genetic backgrounds. This emphasizes a personalized/precision medicine approach. Altogether, it illustrates the power of the CC mice in identifying susceptible genes to personalized/precision of co and multimorbidity of T2D and obesity in future studies.
Evaluating the Implementation of the Pediatric Acute Care Education (PACE) Program in Northwestern Tanzania: A Mixed-Methods Study Guided by Normalization Process Theory
Authors: Mwanga Joseph R , Hokororo Adolfine , Ndosi Hanston , Masenge Theopista , Kalabamu Florence S , Tawfik Daniel , Mediratta Rishi P , Rozenfeld Boris , Berg Marc , Smith Zachary H , Chami Neema , Mkopi Namala P , Mwanga Castory , Diocles Enock , Agweyu Ambrose , Meaney Peter A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
In low- and -middle-income countries (LMICs) like Tanzania, the competency of healthcare providers critically influences the quality of pediatric care. To address this, we introduced PACE (Pediatric Acute Care Education), an adaptive e-learning program tailored to enhance provider competency in line with Tanzania’s national guidelines for managing seriously ill children. Adaptive e-learning presents a promising alternative to traditional in-service education, yet optimal strategies for its implementation in LMIC settings remain to be fully elucidated.
Objectives
This study aimed to (1) evaluate the initial implementation of PACE in Mwanza, Tanzania, using the constructs of Normalization Process Theory (NPT), and (2) provide insights into its feasibility, acceptability, and scalability potential.
Methods
A mixed-methods approach was employed across three healthcare settings in Mwanza: a zonal hospital and two health centers. NPT was utilized to navigate the complexities of implementing PACE. Data collection involved a customized NoMAD survey, focus groups and in-depth interviews with healthcare providers.
Results
The study engaged 82 healthcare providers through the NoMAD survey and 79 in focus groups and interviews. Findings indicated high levels of coherence and cognitive participation, demonstrating that PACE is well-understood and resonates with existing healthcare goals. Providers expressed a willingness to integrate PACE into their practice, distinguishing it from existing educational methods. However, challenges related to resources and infrastructure, particularly affecting collective action, were noted. The short duration of the study limited the assessment of reflexive monitoring, though early indicators point towards the potential for PACE’s long-term sustainability.
Conclusion
This study offers vital insights into the feasibility and acceptability of implementing PACE in a Tanzanian context. While PACE aligns well with healthcare objectives, addressing resource and infrastructure challenges is crucial for its successful and sustainable implementation. Furthermore, the study underscores the value of NPT as a framework in guiding implementation processes, with broader implications for implementation science and pediatric acute care in LMICs.
Analysis of Rayleigh Wave Dynamic Response and Propagation Characteristics in Layered Site
Authors: Lv Hao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Rayleigh waves, as a type of surface waves, exhibit distinctive properties compared to body waves. Along the horizontal direction of the surface, the energy decay rate is much slower than that of a body wave as the distance from the source increases. Conversely, the energy decays rapidly along the depth direction, with most of the energy concentrated within a wavelength range near the surface. Research has indicated that Rayleigh wave energy accounts for approximately 67% of the total wave field energy during an earthquake, resulting in significant structural damage. Therefore, the synthesis of Rayleigh wave fields is crucial for earthquake prevention and mitigation efforts. In this study, we develop a FORTRAN program to synthesize the Rayleigh wave field in a uniform elastic half-space. Furthermore, we combine MATLAB and FORTRAN programs to synthesize the Rayleigh wave field in a horizontally layered elastic half-space. Finally, we validate the accuracy of our program using a numerical example.
Directional Latent Space Representation For Medical Image Segmentation
Authors: Liu Xintao , Gao Yan , Zhan Changqing , Wang Qiao , Zhang Yu , He Yi , Quan Hongyan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Efficient medical image segmentation plays an important role in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD). Deep mining of pixel semantics is crucial for medical image segmentation. However, previous works on medical semantic segmentation usually overlook the importance of embedding subspace, and lacked the mining of latent space direction information. In this work, we constructed global orthogonal basis and channel orthogonal basis in the latent space, which can significantly enhance the feature representation. We propose a novel distance-based segmentation method that decouples the embedding space into sub-embedding spaces of different classes, and then implements pixel level classification based on the distance between its embedding features and the origin of the subspace. Experiments on various public medical image segmentation benchmarks show the effectiveness of our model as compared to the state-of-the-art methods. The code will be published at https://github.com/lxt0525/LSDENet.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation to Investigate the Effect of the Molecular Structure of Warm-mix Additive on Its Adsorption Properties
Authors: Xu Haijiao , Zhou Xu , Zhao Pinhui , Cai Yu , Peng Bo , Zhuang XuZhe , Cao Yan , Zhang Wei , Yang Yansheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In this study, the effect of the molecular structure of an asphalt warm-mix additive (WMA) on its adsorption characteristics was determined by a molecular dynamics simulation. Calculation models were established of the adsorption-film forming of an imidazoline WMA on the surfaces of the typical minerals (CaCO3) and quartz (SiO2). The effect of the change in the length of the WMA's hydrophobic carbon chain on system adsorption and lubrication was further investigated. The simulation results show that the HOMO and LUMO orbital distributions of the long-chain aliphatic imidazoline WMA are mainly delocalized on the imidazoline ring and hydrophilic group. As the length of the carbon chain at the hydrophobic end of the WMA increases, the EHOMO of the WMA gradually increases, the ELUMO gradually decreases, and the energy difference between HOMO and LUMO decreases. Also, as that length increases, the adsorption energy of the WMA on SiO2 (0 0 1) and calcite (1 0 4) surfaces, as well as the film's cohesive energy, all increase continuously. In addition, the adsorption energy of the WMA on the SiO2 (0 0 1) surface and the film's cohesive energy exceed those on the calcite (1 0 4) surface. In the adsorption films formed on the SiO2 (0 0 1) and calcite (1 0 4) surfaces, the MSD of the WMA in each system increases with time. Meanwhile, as the hydrophobic-end alkyl chain length of the WMA increases, the MSD and the self-diffusion coefficient gradually increase, and the molecular diffusivity is enhanced. Additionally, the MSD and self-diffusion coefficient of the WMA on the SiO2 (0 0 1) surface exceed those on the calcite (1 0 4) surface. In conclusion, the study researched the adsorption-film-forming behavior of the surfactant WMA on the aggregate surface, providing a theoretical basis for the mechanism of warm-mixing and the development of a new WMA.
Enhancing Online Yard Crane Scheduling through a Two-Stage Rollout Memetic Genetic Programming
Authors: Jin Chenwei , Bai Ruibin , Zhou Yuyang , Chen Xinan , Tan Leshan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Over the past decade, the surge in global container port throughput has heightened the demand for terminal efficiency, with the container yard operations being central to the overall port performance. However, the unpredictable arrival of external trucks poses significant challenges for yard cranes, requiring the simultaneous scheduling of internal and external loading tasks.Traditional yard crane scheduling methods often rely on outdated assumptions that fail to account for the dynamic impact of external tasks.In response, container terminals increasingly model the yard crane scheduling as an online problem. A notable advancement in online scheduling is the online rollout method, which evaluates the decisions based on the potential outcomes of their future rollout solutions rather than immediate priorities. Although this method outperforms the latter approach, it faces two main issues: the rollout is time consuming, and decisions based solely on objective of rollout solution may not align with long-term scheduling objectives.To overcome these limitations, we have developed a two-stage adaptive rollout decision model. In the first stage, less desirable tasks are dynamically filtered out to reduce the number of rollouts, while the second stage employs a genetic programming evolved evaluation functions to infuse forward-looking insights into the scheduling process. This approach has proven to significantly enhance yard scheduling efficiency and performance, as confirmed by experimental validation. Given the dynamic nature of yard crane operations, we believe this method could be beneficially applied to other dynamic scheduling contexts.
Mitigation of Forestation using Fuel-Saving Appliances
Authors: Ebissa Dawit Tessema , Getahun Eshetu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In this study, appropriate energy-saving cooking technologies were identified via comparison with traditional cooking technologies in the study area, Zenzelima Kebele, Amhara region, Ethiopia.
Primary and secondary data were collected through different data collection tools, such as interviews, questionnaires, observation, and focus group discussion (FGD), and compiled reports were also reviewed as secondary data. For this observation, the sample size was taken as 60 households in the kebele.
From this feasibility study, it was determined that the dominant fuel type was firewood, for which the percentage was 75%. According to the results of experimental performance tests and different research reviews, the efficiency of cookstoves was 10%, 25%, 48%, 50%, 54%, and 76% for 3-stone, lakech, mirt, gonze, tikikil, and pyrolysis stoves, respectively. From the total number of households with kebeles, i.e., 1986 households, only 87 households used improved cook stoves, and the rest used 3-stone stove types. The study showed that the highest fuel consumption rate and cooking time were observed for the 3-stone stove, and the lowest fuel consumption rate and cooking time were observed for the pyrolysis stove. The improvement stove reduced emissions, and the highest emission reduction stove was the gasifier stove, with a magnitude of 1.229 tons CO2/HH/Year. The majority of the societies did not utilize the biochar from the cook stoves. However, biochar is very important for soil amendment. Among cooking stoves, gasifier stoves have a great advantage in terms of the production of energy and biochar. The statistical analysis indicated that fuel consumption and cooking time are linearly related.
A ‘cool’ route to battery electrode material recovery
Authors: Chen Lin , Kishore Brij , Song Tengfei , Lakhdar Yazid , Liu Bowen , Omoregbe Osaze , Slater Peter , Kendrick Emma 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Widespread adoption of alkali metal ion batteries poses a challenge for the recycling industry. Efficient recovery and reuse of valuable metals from end-of-life batteries and production scrap is paramount. A novel, cost-effective, fast, and scalable electrode delamination approach, 'ice-stripping,' is proposed. An electrode is wetted with water and frozen using a cold plate, then peeled. Volume expansion and the increased cohesive strength of the ice over the electrode adhesion results in 100% delamination from the current collector and recovery of electrode coatings with minimal water use, material waste, or damage. In stark contrast to conventional high-temperature methods. Its effectiveness is illustrated with Li-ion and Na-ion battery electrodes comprised of different binder systems, and the scalability is considered for scrap. A direct recycling case study for a Na-ion, hard carbon and Prussian white is presented. This innovation holds promise in meeting the escalating demand for efficient and sustainable battery recycling.
Pengaruh Keputusan Investasi Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada PerusahaanTerdaftar Dalam Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia
Authors: Komaria Suryani Evroza , Nurlela Nurlela , Novriansyah Novriansyah , Baheramsyah Baheramsyah 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh keputusan investasi terhadap nilai perusahaan. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah keputusan investasi yang diukur dengan Fixed Assets to Total Assets dan Nilai Perusahaan yang diukur dengan Free Cash Flow . Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 25 perusahaan yang terdaftar dalam Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia (ISSI) tahun 2018 – 2022. Teknik pengumpulan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan metode Purposive Sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keputusan investasi yang diukur dengan Fixed Assets to Total Assets berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan yang diukur dengan Free Cash Flow dengan arah yang negatif
Methods, Indicators, and End-User Involvement in the Evaluation of Digital Health Interventions for the Public: Scoping Review
Authors: Weirauch Vera , Soehnchen Clarissa , Burmann Anja , Meister Sven 
Published: May 2024

Background
Digital health interventions (DHIs) have the potential to enable public end users, such as citizens and patients, to manage and improve their health. Although the number of available DHIs is increasing, examples of successfully established DHIs in public health systems are limited. To counteract the nonuse of DHIs, they should be comprehensively evaluated while integrating end users. Unfortunately, there is a wide variability and heterogeneity according to the approaches of evaluation, which creates a methodological challenge.

Objective
This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the current established processes for evaluating DHIs, including methods, indicators, and end-user involvement. The review is not limited to a specific medical field or type of DHI but offers a holistic overview.

Methods
This scoping review was conducted following the JBI methodology for scoping reviews based on the framework by Arksey & O’Malley and complies with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Three scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct) were searched in April 2023. English and German studies between 2008 and 2023 were considered when evaluating DHIs that explicitly address public end users. The process of study selection was carried out by several researchers to avoid reviewer bias.

Results
The search strategy identified 9618 publications, of which 160 were included. Among these included articles, 200 evaluations were derived and analyzed. The results showed that there is neither a consensus on the methods to evaluate DHIs nor a commonly agreed definition or usage of the evaluated indicators, which results in a broad variety of evaluation practices. This aligns with observations of the existing literature. It was found that there is a lack of references to existing frameworks for the evaluation of DHIs. The majority of the included studies referred to user-centered approaches and involved end users in the evaluation process. As assistance for people developing and evaluating DHIs and as a basis for thinking about appropriate ways to evaluate DHIs, a results matrix was created where the findings were combined per DHI cluster. Additionally, general recommendations for the evaluators of DHIs were formulated.

Conclusions
The findings of this scoping review offer a holistic overview of the variety and heterogeneity according to the approaches of evaluation of DHIs for public end users. Evaluators of these DHIs should be encouraged to reference established frameworks or measurements for justification. This would ease the transferability of the results among similar evaluation studies within the digital health sector, thereby enhancing the coherence and comparability of research in this area.