bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pervaporation separation of methanol/methyl tert‐butyl ether with poly(lactic acid) membranes
Authors: Zereshki S. , Figoli A. , Madaeni S.S. , Simone S. , Drioli E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPoly(lactic acid), as a natural source polymer, was used to prepare pervaporation dense membranes. The performance of these membranes for the separation of the methanol (MeOH)/methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) mixtures was investigated. The effects of different operating conditions, including the feed concentration of MeOH, temperature, and flow rate, were examined. Several characterization tests were performed as well. The swelling results, scanning electron microscopy images, contact angles, and mechanical strength measurements are presented. These membranes were found to be selective to MeOH, particularly for traces of MeOH in MTBE with a separation factor of more than 30. There was a small decrease in the separation factor when the feed temperature was increased; meanwhile, the total flux increased to some extent. This could be explained with respect to the thermal motions of the polymer chains and the permeating molecules. With an increase in the feed flow rate, both the selectivity and total flux increased because the concentration and temperature polarizations decreased. At higher flow rates, the feed components were homogeneously distributed over the membrane surface, whereas there may have been a concentration or temperature gradient at lower flow rates. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Catalytic oxidation of polyethylene with oxygen under solid‐state conditions
Authors: Zawadiak Jan , Marek Adam A. , Orlinska Beata , Stec Zbigniew 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe catalytic oxidative degradation of polyethylene in the solid phase was studied. Cobalt(II), manganese(II), or iron(III) acetylacetonates were used as catalysts. The influences of type and amount of catalyst, temperature, and type of oxidizing agent on polyethylene oxidation were investigated. The obtained products were characterized by determination of acid and ester numbers as well as by means of FTIR spectroscopy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
On increasing the inhibiting property of amine antioxidant in contact with copper and its compounds
Authors: Lin D. G. , Vorobyova E. V. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe mechanism of increasing efficiency of amine‐type antioxidant (AO)‐N‐plenyl‐2‐naphthylamine (Neozon D)—used to inhibit oxidation of polyethylene (PE) under conditions of contact between the polymer and metallic copper has been investigated. It has been learned experimentally, that the hypothesis of formation of complex compounds by reaction of AO and copper‐containing products—resulted from contact oxidation of PE melt on copper—is invalid. A different mechanism of raising the inhibiting efficiency of amine AO is suggested, according to which copper catalyzes transformation of Neozon D to nitroxyl radicals. The latter are excellent inhibitors for oxidative transformations and appreciably enhance polymer resistance to oxidation. An amine‐type AO can be converted to nitroxyl radicals in two ways: (i) before AO is added to the polymer; (ii) during direct contact between the AO and metallic copper (i.e., copper as metal) which is a component of the metalopolymeric material (e.g., polymer‐coated substrate; filler particles introduced into a polymer) that is subjected to oxidation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Rapid decomposition of a cationic azo‐initiator under microwave irradiation
Authors: Costa C. , Santos V. H. S. , Araujo P. H. H. , Sayer C. , Santos A. F. , Dariva C. , Fortuny M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMicrowave‐assisted decomposition of 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (or V50), a cationic azo‐initiator, and emulsion polymerizations were performed and compared to reactions with conventional heating. Higher decomposition rate constants were found in microwave reactions. This was ascribed to the development of hot spots inside the reaction mixture, promoted by microwave irradiation. In polymerization reactions, microwave‐promoted acceleration of the reactions. The effect of high power irradiation was also studied, using a pulsed method in which samples were repeatedly heated at constant power (500 or 1400 W), and cooled down by immersing in an ice bath. Rapid reactions were obtained, because a great amount of energy could be applied within short time intervals. The power level had no effect on the decomposed percentages and on the monomer conversion, and only affected the irradiation time. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Facile method to manipulate the molecular weight and practical mass production of chitosan by mechanical shearing and concurrent ultrafiltration treatment
Authors: Tsai Min Lang , Tseng Lan Zang , Chang Hsiang Wei , Hsu Chu Hsi , Chen Rong Huei 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to propose a facile method to manipulate the molecular weight and practical mass production of chitosan by mechanical shearing and concurrent ultrafiltration (UF) treatment. The proposed method was based on the degradation rate and rate constant of various process variables, such as: solution temperature, reaction time, concentration of chitosan solution, with or without concurrent removal of degraded fragments during mechanical shearing. The result obtained was that the degradation rate constant was 1.8–6.0 times higher for those using UF to remove smaller degraded molecules concurrently during treatment, than that without UF treatment. The degradation rate constant increased with increasing solution temperature; however, the solution temperature should not exceed than 50°C to prevent the undesired color changes of the resulting product. A method combining mechanical shearing/UF treatment at 50°C and ultrasonic radiation or microfluidization/UF treatment at 30°C is proposed here for a facile method to manipulate the molecular weight of the resultant chitosan with an energy saving, efficient and practical mass production. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Application of liquid gel polymer electrolyte based on chitosan–NH4NO3 for proton batteries
Authors: Jamaludin A. , Mohamad A. A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLiquid gel polymer electrolyte (LGPE) based on chitosan, ammonium nitrate, and acetic acid with a ratio of 1.9 : 0.17 : 96.3 wt % gives the highest conductivity of (1.46 ± 0.07) ´ 10−1 S cm−1 at room temperature. This optimized composition of electrolyte is then used in proton batteries with the configuration of Zn + ZnSO4·H2O/LGPE/MnO2. The open circuit voltage of battery is 1.41 V during 48 h of storage. The battery obtained a discharge capacity of 27.90 mA h−1 upon discharge at 1.0 mA current. The maximum power density for the battery is 3.67 mW cm−2. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effect of mixing conditions on mechanical properties of polylactide/montmorillonite clay nanocomposites
Authors: Jollands M. , Gupta Rahul K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBiopolymer nanocomposites are of great interest to the packaging industry as they can overcome the inferior properties of biopolymers compared with synthetic polymers. However, studies on property improvement have been inconclusive about optimum filler levels and mixing conditions. This article reports on a systematic study of effect on mechanical properties of varying melt mixing conditions and filler level in PLA organoclay composites. Samples were mixed in a batch mixer at various temperatures, times, and speeds, at three filler levels. Tensile properties were measured and morphology characterized using small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). An empirical model was used to predict the optimum mixing conditions. Samples produced at those conditions had the highest modulus of all samples, 66% higher than the average. Samples with different filler levels were made at the optimum conditions and tested for modulus and morphology. The maximum modulus, 40% higher than natural PLA, was achieved at 4 wt % filler level, and above that level modulus decreased, similar to findings in some studies but contrary to others. SAXS measurements indicated the samples had a similar intercalated morphology, so the excellent modulus results may be attributed to presence of smaller tactoids and absence of agglomerates rather than exfoliation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and application of methylcellulose extracted from waste newspaper in CPV‐ARI Portland cement mortars
Authors: de Carvalho Oliveira Geandre , Filho Guimes Rodrigues , Vieira Júlia Graciele , De Assunção Rosana M. Nascimento , da Silva Meireles Carla , Cerqueira Daniel Alves , de Oliveira Reginaldo João , Silva Wanderly Geraldo , de Castro Motta Leila Aparecida 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCellulose extracted from waste newspaper was methylated using dimethylsulfate to produce methylcellulose with degree of substitution of 1.46 ± 0.06. This material was characterized by FTIR and DSC. An aqueous dispersion of methylcellulose was used to produce mortars of Portland cement (CPV‐ARI). The results showed an increase on the consistency index with the production of a system that presented good workability, homogeneity, and high viscosity, which was corroborated by the tacky aspect of the produced mixture. Hardened mortar presented an increase in the potential resistance to traction adherence when compared to the reference mortar. Those characteristics indicate that this material could be used in situations that need good workability, increasing on viscosity and adhesive properties, such as in tile installation, covering, and finishing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Studies on jute/glass/hybrid composites of polyurethane based on epoxy resin of 9,9′‐bis(4‐hydroxy phenyl) anthrone‐10(EBAN) and PEG‐200
Authors: Bhuva B. D. , Parsania P. H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEBAN‐PEG‐200‐TDI‐Jute (EANPT‐J), EBAN‐PEG‐200‐TDI‐Glass (EANPT‐G), and EBAN‐PEG‐200‐TDI‐Glass‐Jute‐Glass (EANPT‐GJG) composites have been prepared by hand lay up technique at 80°C under 15.4 MPa pressure for 2 h. EANPT‐J, EANPT‐G and EANPT‐GJG possess 33–52 MPa tensile strength, 19–46 MPa flexural strength, 1.3–3.2 kV/mm electric strength and 3 × 1011–5 × 1011 Ohm cm volume resistivity, respectively. Hydrolytic stability of the composites was tested against water, 10% aq. HCl and NaCl solutions at 35°C and also in boiling water. The percentage of water uptake, equilibrium time, and diffusivity of the composites have been determined and discussed their possible applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Novel amphiphilic polymer gel electrolytes based on (PEG‐b‐GMA)‐co‐MMA
Authors: Luo Dan , Li Peng , Li Yang , Yang Mujie 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAmphiphilic conetwork–structured copolymers containing different lengths of ethylene oxide (EO) chains as ionophilic units and methyl methacrylate (MMA) chains as ionophobic units were prepared by free radical copolymerization and characterized by FTIR and thermal analysis. Polymer gel electrolytes based on the copolymers complexed with liquid lithium electrolytes (dimethyl carbonate (DMC) : diethyl carbonate (DEC) : ethylene carbonate (EC) = 1 : 1 : 1 (W/W/W), LiPF6 1.0M) were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and impedance spectroscopy. A maximum ion conductivity of 4.27 × 10−4 S/cm at 25oC was found for the polymer electrolyte based on (PEG2000‐b‐GMA)‐co‐MMA with long EO groups. Moreover, the effect of temperature on conductivity of the amphiphilic polymer electrolytes obeys the Arrhenius equation. The good room temperature conductivity of the polymer electrolytes is proposed to relate to the enhancement in the amorphous domain of the copolymers due to their amphiphilic conetwork structure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
A study of the effect of oxygen plasma treatment on the interfacial properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Ma Keming , Chen Ping , Wang Baichen , Cui Guiling , Xu Xinmeng 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this work, effects of the interface modification on the carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites were studied. For this purpose, the surface of carbon fibers were modified by oxygen plasma treatment. The surface characteristics of carbon fibers were studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic contact angle analysis (DCAA), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), respectively. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was also measured. XPS and AFM analyses indicated that the oxygen plasma treatment successfully increased some oxygen‐containing functional groups concentration on the carbon fiber surfaces, the surface roughness of carbon fibers was enhanced by plasma etching and oxidative reactions. DCAA and DMTA analyses show that the surface energy of carbon fibers increased 44.9% after plasma treatment for 3 min and the interfacial bonding intensities A and α also reached minimum and maximum value respectively. The composites exhibited the highest value of ILSS after oxgen plasma treated for 3 min. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and evaluation of high‐molecular weight diphenyl oxide and diphenyl sulfide novolacs
Authors: Konishi Gen‐Ichi , Nojiri Yamato , Matsuo Toshiki , Nemoto Tadamasa , Asai Kengo , Sumi Kentaro , Nakamoto Yoshiaki 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe preparation and characterization of high‐molecular weight diphenyl oxide‐ and diphenyl sulfide‐novolacs are described. The polymerization of diphenyl oxide with 2 equivalence of formaldehyde proceeded to give the corresponding polymer (2) (Mn: 160,000, Mw/Mn: 29.1) in good yield. Further, an ultra high‐molecular weight fraction (Mw > 1,000,000) was observed in the GPC trace of 2. The developed polymers can be considered as a new class of aromatic polymers that exhibit both novolac‐like and engineering plastic properties and are thus promising compounds for material‐engineering applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Nylon 6 crystal‐phase transition in nylon 6/clay/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites
Authors: Cui Li , Yeh Jen‐Taut 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA study of the dependence of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) content on the nylon 6 crystal‐phase transition properties and PVA morphologies of nylon 6/clay nanocomposite (NYC)/PVA specimens was conducted. The degree of compatibility between NYC and PVA was examined by dynamic mechanical analysis measurement. The strong hydrogen bonding between the nylon 6 and PVA molecules led to nearly complete inhibition of PVA crystallization when the PVA contents were less than 16.7 wt %. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that the clays originally present in the nylon 6 matrices migrated gradually into the PVA phases with increasing PVA content in the NYC/PVA series specimens. This interesting migration of clay from nylon 6 to PVA led to a nylon 6 crystal‐phase transition from the γ to the α form. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Surgical management and outcomes of colorectal cancer liver metastases
Authors: Morris E J A , Forman D , Thomas J D , Quirke P , Taylor E F , Fairley L , Cottier B , Poston G 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
This population-based study investigated the frequency of hepatic resections for colorectal cancer metastases across England and their outcome.

Methods
Individuals who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer between January 1998 and June 2004 within the English National Health Service were identified via the National Cancer Data Repository. All episodes of care in the 3 years after the initial operation were examined to determine the frequency of liver resection. Variations in the use of liver resection and survival were assessed.

Results
Some 114 155 individuals underwent surgery for colorectal cancer over the study period, of whom 3116 (2·7 per cent) subsequently had one or more hepatic resections. The hepatectomy rate increased from 1·7 per cent in 1998 to 3·8 per cent in 2004. There was significant variation in the rate of liver resection across cancer networks (range 1·1–4·3 per cent) and hospitals (range 0·7–6·8 per cent). The crude 5-year survival rate after liver resection was 44·2 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 42·4 to 46·1) per cent from the time of hepatectomy and 45·9 (95 per cent c.i. 44·1 to 47·7) per cent from the time of colectomy. This was comparable to the 5-year survival rate of patients with stage III disease (42·2 (95 per cent c.i. 41·7 to 42·7) per cent).

Conclusion
The rate of resection of liver metastases increased over the study period but varied significantly across the country. Patients who underwent liver resection had 5-year survival comparable to that of patients with stage III colorectal cancer.
Outcomes of intensive surveillance after resection of hepatic colorectal metastases
Authors: Gomez D , Sangha V K , Morris-Stiff G , Malik H Z , Guthrie A J , Toogood G J , Lodge J P A , Prasad K R 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
The impact of computed tomography (CT)-based follow-up for the detection of resectable disease recurrence following surgery for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) was evaluated.

Methods
Some 705 patients undergoing resection of CRLM between January 1993 and March 2007 were included. Surveillance comprised 3-monthly CT (thorax, abdomen and pelvis) in the first 2 years after surgery, 6 monthly for 3 years and annually from years 6 to 10. Survival differences following recurrence between patients managed surgically and palliatively were determined, and the cost was calculated.

Results
Five-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 28·3 and 32·3 per cent respectively. Of 402 patients who developed recurrence within 2 years, 88 were treated with liver resection alone and 36 with lung and/or liver resection. Their 5-year overall survival rates were 31 and 30 per cent respectively, compared with 3·9 per cent in 278 patients managed palliatively (P &lt; 0·001). For each 3-month interval during the first year of follow-up, patients with recurrence treated surgically had better overall survival than those treated palliatively. The cost of surveillance that identified 124 patients amenable to further resection was £12 338 per operated recurrence. Assuming that patients with recurrence gained 5 years' survival, the mean survival gain was 4·28 years per resection and the cost per life-year gained was £2883.

Conclusion
Intensive 3-monthly CT surveillance after liver resection for CRLM detects recurrence that is amenable to further resection in a considerable number of patients. These patients have significantly better survival with a reasonable cost per life-year gained.
Superposed Filtration Mechanisms during Clarification of Very Low Concentrated Suspensions with a Paperstack Candle Filter
Authors: Anlauf H. , Romaní Fernández X. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMetal working oils are usually clarified and fed back to the process involved. Precoat filters or simple vacuum belt filters with non‐regenerable, nonwoven filter media are often used to purify such liquids. This involves permanent extra costs for the unit operation. The concept of using periodically backflushed expandable filter candles has been demonstrated as a successful alternative. The filter principle is based on filter candles consisting of an expandable stack of paper rings. The MVM Institute in Karlsruhe and the Transor Filter GmbH Company have initiated a joint research project to analyze the complex filtration mechanisms and to optimize this filtration system. Filter experiments, CFD simulations and theoretical considerations should result in a reliable model for the prediction of the filter process for practical use and improve the present state‐of‐the‐art in the area.
ChemInform Abstract: The Crystal Structure of Eulytite Na3Bi5(PO4)6.
Authors: Arbib El Hassan , Chaminade Jean‐Pierre , Darriet Jacques , Elouadi Brahim 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of Mixed Divalent Cation Phosphates: Synthesis and X‐Ray Powder Structure Determination of CdBa2(P2O7)(HPO4).
Authors: Taher L. Ben , Smiri L. , Laligant Y. , Le Bail A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coalescence of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes.
Authors: Terrones M. , Terrones H. , Banhart F. , Charlier J.‐C. , Ajayan P. M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Properties of the Compounds LnAl2X2 (Ln: Eu, Yb; X: Si, Ge).
Authors: Kranenberg Christian , Johrendt Dirk , Mewis Albrecht , Poettgen Rainer , Kotzyba Gunter , Rosenhahn Carsten , Mosel Bernd D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Julia‐Colonna Type Asymmetric Epoxidation Reaction Catalyzed by Soluble Oligo‐L‐leucines Containing an α‐Aminoisobutyric Acid Residue: Importance of Helical Structure of the Catalyst on Asymmetric Induction.
Authors: Takagi Ryukichi , Shiraki Akiko , Manabe Toshiki , Kojima Satoshi , Ohkata Katsuo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Chiral Phosphinooxathiane Ligands for Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution Reactions.
Authors: Nakano Hiroto , Okuyama Yuko , Hongo Hiroshi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Hydroxyacids Through Oxidation of Terminal Alkenes with AD‐Mix/TEMPO.
Authors: Aladro F. Javier , Guerra Francisco M. , Moreno‐Dorado F. Javier , Bustamante Jesus M. , Jorge Zacarias , Massanet Guillermo M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.