bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EM‐based noise plus interference estimation for OFDM‐based cognitive radio systems
Authors: Qu Daiming , Yi Youwen , Jiang Tao , Zhu Guangxi 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we consider the narrowband interference problem for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)‐based cognitive radio (CR) systems, in which parts of the OFDM subcarriers and parts of the data frame can be seriously interfered, resulting in significant performance degradation. We propose a scheme of iterative noise plus interference estimation and decoding (IED) to mitigate the performance degradation caused by the narrowband interference, which is based on expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. To reduce the number of OFDM symbols for time domain averaging required in the proposed scheme, and adapt the proposed scheme to rapid changing narrowband interference conditions, we also propose an IED scheme with frequency domain partial averaging (IED‐FPA). Moreover, we derive the Cramér‐Rao lower bounds for unbiased noise plus interference variance estimations, and they can be achieved via the proposed IED schemes. Simulation results show that the proposed IED‐FPA scheme can effectively achieve the same performance as that of the optimal maximum likelihood decoder with full knowledge of the power plus interference variances, and the proposed IED‐FPA scheme is very robust with respect to the number of the interfered subcarriers and positive errors of the knowledge of the interfered subcarriers' number. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimized layered multicast with superposition coding in cellular systems
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Wenbo , Peng Mugen , Zhu Song 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTWe consider the problem of optimal power allocation and optimal user selection in a layered multicast transmission over quasi‐static Rayleigh fading channels. A scheme based on superposition coding is proposed in which basic multicast streams and enhanced multicast streams are superimposed and transmitted by a base station, while users with worse channel conditions can only decode basic multicast streams, and users with better channel conditions can decode both basic and enhanced multicast streams. In this paper, subject to fixed user selection ratios, the optimal power allocation for each stream that maximizes average throughput is investigated, and the impact of power allocation on average outage probability is discussed. Finally, subject to fixed transmit power and power allocation, the optimal user selection ratio for enhanced multicast streams is also studied. Numerical results show that the optimized layered multicast scheme outperforms the conventional multicast scheme in terms of average throughput. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of brushing force and stroking velocity on dynamic mechanical allodynia in patients with peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Samuelssonl Monika , Lefflerl Ann‐Sofie , Johanssonl Bo , Hanssonl Per 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRecently we demonstrated brush‐evoked allodynia to be a partially graded phenomenon since increased brushing length and number of strokes significantly increased the brush‐evoked pain intensity. In this study the influence of stroking velocity and brushing force on dynamic mechanical allodynia was examined in 16 patients with peripheral neuropathy. Brush‐evoked allodynia was induced by lightly stroking 60 mm of the skin twice with a 16 mm wide brush while varying stroking velocity (10, 20, 30 mm/s) and brushing force (10, 20, 40 g). Intensity and duration of brush‐evoked allodynia was recorded using a computerized visual analogue scale. The total brush‐evoked pain intensity, including painful aftersensation was calculated as the area under the curve. Significantly increased total brush‐evoked pain intensity was demonstrated with lower stroking velocity (P<0.001) and higher brushing force (P<0.05). Higher maximum pain intensity was reported with higher brushing force. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated a significant relationship between the total brush‐evoked pain intensity and stroking velocity as well as brushing force. Together with previously accumulated data these results substantiate the usefulness of this semi‐quantitative assessment method in longitudinal studies on dynamic mechanical allodynia.
Individualizing pain therapy with opioids: The rational approach based on pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics
Authors: De Gregori Manuela , De Gregori Simona , Ranzani Guglielmina N. , Allegri Massimo , Govoni Stefano , Regazzi Mario 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA correct long‐term opioid therapy implies the selection of the appropriate opioid and dose for each patient, but it is well demonstrated that the “clinical” approach alone is not sufficient. To this purpose, the literature is stressing that physicians have to focalize even more their attention both on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the opioids and on the differences among patients, including the genetic background. Accurate and fast analytical methods (e.g. Tandem Mass Spectrometry) for detecting plasma opioid concentrations represent a useful tool for clinicians to prevent adverse reactions in selected patients. The detection of polymorphisms of several genes involved in opioid absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination are promising to customize pain therapy. The success of the chronic opioid therapy also depends on the other drugs co‐administered, possibly giving origin to drug‐drug interactions; the clinical outcome should be constantly monitored.
Peripheral opioid analgesia for the treatment of neuropathic pain: Gene mutation to virus mediated gene transfer
Authors: Sweitzer Sarah M. , Minella Cristina E. , Wilson Steven P. , Raja Srinivasa N. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNeuropathic pain can result from a number of different diseases, medical interventions and injuries. In addition to varying aetiologies, neuropathic pain may also differ in the anatomical location of the lesion — from peripheral nociceptors to the highest centres in the brain. The management of neuropathic pain continues to be a challenge for clinicians and despite taking prescribed medication for pain, patients with neuropathic pain continue to have pain of moderate severity. The use of opioids for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain remains controversial. Recent studies demonstrate opioid analgesics are effective in neuropathic pain states but their use is often limited by unacceptable side effects that are mediated by opioid actions in the central nervous system. While it was once dogma that opioids exert their analgesic effects by binding to receptors in the central nervous system, there is a growing recognition of a potent peripheral analgesia in experimental models of inflammatory and neuropathic pains, and in clinical settings. The working model is that peripheral opioids can be used to treat neuropathic pain while avoiding the often dose‐limiting and unacceptable central nervous system mediated side effects. Our work has focused on characterizing this peripheral opioid analgesia such that it can be exploited to develop novel and potent peripheral analgesics for the treatment of neuropathic pain. This article will set the clinical stage for the need for novel treatments for neuropathic pain, the use of gene mutation strategies to make the case for the use of opioids in treating neuropathic pain, the demonstration of peripheral opioid analgesia in neuropathic pain, and our work with virus mediated gene transfer to enhance peripheral opioid analgesia in neuropathic pain.
Ultrasound and chronic pain
Authors: Siegenthaler Andreas , Curatolo Michele , Eichenberger Urs 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUltrasound (US) is an increasingly used imaging technique in interventional pain management. It allows the identification of soft tissues, vessels and nerves, without exposing patients and personnel to radiation. Imaging can be performed continuously and the fluid injected is visualized in a real time fashion. Possible applications are nerve blocks of the cervical and lumbar zygapophysial joints, stellate ganglion block, intercostal and paravertebral nerve blocks, inguinal nerve blocks, occipital nerve blocks, blocks of painful stump neuromas, caudal epidural injections and injections of trigger/tender points. Due to direct nerve visualization, US has a potential application for destructive procedures, such as cryoanalgesia, radiofrequency lesions or chemical neurolysis. Limitations are the poor resolution of narrow‐gauge needles, the loss of resolution with increasing working depth and possible interference of echoes from overlying structures with the image of the target area. US opens new perspectives in interventional pain management. However, there is a need for more clinical trials investigating efficacy and safety of US‐guided pain procedures. Until these studies are completed, US can not replace fluoroscopy or computed tomography in most interventional pain procedures and remains the domain of well‐trained and experienced physicians. The limited evidence supporting the clinical utility of nerve blocks remains a problem, irrespective of the imaging technique employed.
Delusional ideation, manic symptomatology and working memory in a cohort at clinical high-risk for psychosis: A longitudinal study
Authors: Broome M.R. , Day F. , Valli I. , Valmaggia L. , Johns L.C. , Howes O. , Garety P. , McGuire P.K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe followed up a cohort (n = 35) of clients with an “At Risk Mental State” (ARMS) for almost 2 years (mean 21.3 months). At baseline, these clients had taken part in research looking at the relationship between reasoning biases, memory, personality styles and delusional ideation. During the follow-up period, clients underwent a package of intervention from a specialist early detection team. Eighty percent (n = 28) of these clients were successfully re-interviewed. There was improvement across the cohort as a whole, however five participants (17.9%) had made the transition to psychosis at follow-up. Those who had become psychotic had lower levels of manic symptomatology at baseline than those who did not enter the first episode. Further, across the cohort, impaired working memory and delusional ideation at baseline combined to predict 45% of the delusional ideation at follow-up. These preliminary findings suggest that working memory impairments may be linked to the persistence of delusional ideation and that manic symptoms in someone with an ARMS may suggest that such an individual is less likely to develop a frank psychotic episode.
Functional neuroimaging in anorexia nervosa: A clinical approach
Authors: Pietrini F. , Castellini G. , Ricca V. , Polito C. , Pupi A. , Faravelli C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAimsTo provide a review of the available literature about the functional neuroimaging of anorexia nervosa, and to summarize the possible role of neurobiological factors in its pathogenesis.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed and Medline electronic database (1950–September 2009). Eligible studies were restricted to those involving the main parameters of cerebral activity and functional neuroimaging techniques. Findings of the reviewed studies have been grouped on a diagnostic subtype basis, and their comparison has been interpreted in terms of concordance.ResultsWe found a high level of concordance among available studies with regard to the presence of frontal, parietal and cingulate functional disturbances in both anorexia nervosa restricting and binge/purging subtypes. Concordance among studies conducted regardless of the anorexia nervosa subtypes suggests an alteration in temporal and parietal functions and striatal metabolism.ConclusionsThe most consistent alterations in anorexia nervosa cerebral activity seem to involve the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the inferior parietal lobule, the anterior cingulate cortex and the caudate nucleus. They may affect different neural systems such as the frontal visual system, the attention network, the arousal and emotional processing systems, the reward processing network, and the network for the body schema.
The role of computational ease on the decision to spend loyalty program points
Authors: Kwong Jessica Y.Y. , Soman Dilip , Ho Candy K.Y. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMany consumers today hold loyalty program points which function as a currency, but are not cash. This paper examines factors that influence consumers' decisions to keep or spend their accumulated points. We found that consumers are more likely to spend points when they can easily anticipate the benefits they can enjoy with the points. Specifically, the decision to spend points is facilitated when it is easier to compute the percentage savings one can get by using the points. This computational ease has effects on point spending beyond that of saving magnitude.
Kommunale Freiräume für Bewegung zur Förderung der Gesundheit von Kindern
Authors: Dunkelberg Hartmut , Schröder Jürgen , Schemel Hans-Joachim , Blaume Annette , Kannwischer Claus , Haschke Kerstin , Schneevoigt Rita , Awa Wendy , Beutler Lisa 
Published: October 2010

Einleitung
Bewegungsfördernde Aktivitäten bei Schulkindern wurden mit organisatorischen Prozessen (Beteiligung von Eltern, Lehrern, Verwaltung) und mit freiraumplanerischen Initiativen verbunden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das gesundheitliche Befinden mit den sozialen, motorischen und emotionalen Verhaltensweisen und den Freiraumbeziehungen korrelieren. Die Vernetzung der Unterrichtsgestaltung mit der Lebenswelt der Kinder wie auch die Einführung partizipativer Organisation zur Gesundheitsförderung wird empfohlen.
A NOTE ON SPECIAL VALUES OF CERTAIN DIRICHLET L-FUNCTIONS
Authors: RAMAKRISHNAN B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn Gun and Ramakrishnan [‘On special values of certain Dirichlet L-functions’, Ramanujan J.15 (2008), 275–280], we gave expressions for the special values of certain Dirichlet L-function in terms of finite sums involving Jacobi symbols. In this note we extend our earlier results by giving similar expressions for two more special values of Dirichlet L-functions, namely L(−1,χm) and L(−2,χ−m′), where m,m′ are square-free integers with m≡1 mod 8 and m′≡3 mod 8 and χD is the Kronecker symbol $(\frac {D}{\cdot })$. As a consequence, using the identities of Cohen [‘Sums involving the values at negative integers of L-functions of quadratic characters’, Math. Ann.217 (1975), 271–285], we also express the finite sums with Jacobi symbols in terms of sums involving divisor functions. Finally, we observe that the proof of Theorem 1.2 in Gun and Ramakrishnan (as above) is a direct consequence of Equation (24) in Gun, Manickam and Ramakrishnan [‘A canonical subspace of modular forms of half-integral weight’, Math. Ann.347 (2010), 899–916].
MULTIPLICITY OF SOLUTIONS FOR A FOURTH-ORDER IMPULSIVE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION VIA VARIATIONAL METHODS
Authors: SUN JUNTAO , CHEN HAIBO , ZHOU TIEJUN 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we deal with the multiplicity of solutions for a fourth-order impulsive differential equation with a parameter. Using variational methods and a ‘three critical points’ theorem, we give some new criteria to guarantee that the impulsive problem has at least three classical solutions. An example is also given in order to illustrate the main results.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF RICHARD LYNN'S REPORTS ON REACTION TIME AND RACE
Authors: THOMAS DREW M. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryIn the early 1990s, psychologist Richard Lynn published papers documenting average reaction times and decision times in samples of nine-year-olds taken from across the world. After summarizing these data, Lynn interpreted his results as evidence of national and racial differences in decision time and general intelligence. Others have also interpreted Lynn's data as evidence of racial differences in decision time and intelligence. However, comparing Lynn's summaries with his original reports shows that Lynn misreported and omitted some of his own data. Once these errors are fixed the rankings of nations in Lynn's datasets are unstable across different decision time measures. This instability, as well as within-race heterogeneity and between-race overlap in decision times, implies that Lynn's reaction time data do not permit generalizations about the decision times and intelligence of people of different races.
Inter-agency coordination fosters the recovery of the Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica at its western limit
Authors: Herrero Juan , Garin Inazio , Prada Carlos , García-Serrano Alicia 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTwo political jurisdictions in northern Spain, Navarre, where the Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica is categorized as Vulnerable, and Aragon, where it is huntable, coordinated management for the recovery of this subspecies at the western limit of its range. After an estimate of only a small population in 1992–1993 hunting was banned in Aragon and, in 1995–1996, monitoring of both populations began. In the two massifs where the subspecies lives, which lie across the border of the two jurisdictions, chamois populations increased from 33 to 136 and from 144 to 455 by 2007 (average annual increases were 15 and 11%, respectively). The subspecies was also located on a third massif, in 2002. After the recovery the ban against hunting was lifted in Aragon, in 2006, with a sustainable hunting quota based on 5% of the estimated minimum population size. We conclude that coordinated management between agencies in two jurisdictions has fostered the recovery of the Pyrenean chamois.
Early detection of psychosis: positive effects on 5-year outcome
Authors: Larsen T. K. , Melle I. , Auestad B. , Haahr U. , Joa I. , Johannessen J. O. , Opjordsmoen S. , Rund B. R. , Rossberg J. I. , Simonsen E. , Vaglum P. , Friis S. , McGlashan T. 
Published: October 2010

BackgroundDuring the last decades we have seen a new focus on early treatment of psychosis. Several reviews have shown that duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is correlated to better outcome. However, it is still unknown whether early treatment will lead to a better long-term outcome. This study reports the effects of reducing DUP on 5-year course and outcome.MethodDuring 1997–2000 a total of 281 consecutive patients aged >17 years with first episode non-affective psychosis were recruited, of which 192 participated in the 5-year follow-up. A comprehensive early detection (ED) programme with public information campaigns and low-threshold psychosis detection teams was established in one healthcare area (ED-area), but not in a comparable area (no-ED area). Both areas ran equivalent treatment programmes during the first 2 years and need-adapted treatment thereafter.ResultsAt the start of treatment, ED-patients had shorter DUP and less symptoms than no-ED-patients. There were no significant differences in treatment (psychotherapy and medication) for the 5 years. Mixed-effects modelling showed better scores for the ED group on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative, depressive and cognitive factors and for global assessment of functioning for social functioning at 5-year follow-up. The ED group also had more contacts with friends. Regression analysis did not find that these differences could be explained by confounders.ConclusionsEarly treatment had positive effects on clinical and functional status at 5-year follow-up in first episode psychosis.
Bounded geodesics in rank-1 locally symmetric spaces
Authors: Aravinda C. S. , Leuzinger Enrico 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLet M be a rank 1 locally symmetric space of finite Riemannian volume. It is proved that the set of unit vectors on a non-constant C1 curve in the unit tangent sphere at a point p ∈ M for which the corresponding geodesic is bounded (relatively compact) in M, is a set of Hausdorff dimension 1.
Dynamics of Morse-Smale urn processes
Authors: Benaïm Michel , Hirsch Morris W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe consider stochastic processes {xn}n≥0 of the formwhereF: ℝm→ ℝmis C2, {λi}i≥1 is a sequence of positive numbers decreasing to 0 and {Ui}i≥1 is a sequence of uniformly bounded ℝm-valued random variables forming suitable martingale differences. We show that when the vector fieldFis Morse-Smale, almost surely every sample path approaches an asymptotically stable periodic orbit of the deterministic dynamical systemdy/dt=F(y). In the case of certain generalized urn processes we show that for each such orbit Γ, the probability of sample paths approaching Γ is positive. This gives the generic behavior of three-color urn models.
The projective fundamental group of a ℤ2-shift
Authors: Geller William , Propp James 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe define a new invariant for symbolic ℤ2-actions, the projective fundamental group. This invariant is the limit of an inverse system of groups, each of which is the fundamental group of a space associated with the ℤ2-action. The limit group measures a kind of long-distance order that is manifested along loops in the plane, and roughly speaking bears the same relation to the mixing properties of the ℤ2-action that π1; of a topological space bears to π0. The projective fundamental group is invariant under topological conjugacy. We calculate this invariant for several important examples of ℤ2-actions, and use it to prove non-existence of certain constant-to-one factor maps between two-dimensional subshifts. Subshifts that have the same entropy and periodic point data can have different projective fundamental groups.
Arithmetic averages of rotations of measurable functions
Authors: Buczolich Zoltán 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe give examples of non-integrable measurable functions for which there are ‘many’ rotations such that the arithmetic (ergodic) averages exist for almost every x. We also show that if the above ergodic averages exist for almost every x for a set of rotations of positive measure, then the function should be integrable on [0, 1].
Generic super-exponential stability of invariant tori in Hamiltonian systems
Authors: BOUNEMOURA ABED 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this article, we consider solutions that start close to some linearly stable invariant tori in an analytic Hamiltonian system, and we prove results of stability for a super-exponentially long interval of time, under generic conditions. The proof combines classical Birkhoff normal forms with a new method for obtaining generic Nekhoroshev estimates developed by the author and L. Niederman in another paper. We will focus mainly on the neighbourhood of elliptic fixed points, since with our approach the other cases can be treated in a very similar way.
States and markets
Authors: WALTER RYAN 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUse of the ‘states and markets’ pair to conceptualise the international is pervasive. This article narrates the intellectual genesis of this dyad in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century British political œconomy. Adam Smith's arguments inWealth of Nationsare central, for there the analysis of strength is uncoupled from the analysis of wealth, de-politicising the international and making the economic denunciation of war possible. In the process the international economy is elaborated as a new theoretical object.