bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA methylation is associated with downregulation of the organic cation transporter OCT1 (SLC22A1) in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Schaeffeler Elke , Hellerbrand Claus , Nies Anne T , Winter Stefan , Kruck Stephan , Hofmann Ute , van der Kuip Heiko , Zanger Ulrich M , Koepsell Hermann , Schwab Matthias 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Background
Organic cation transporters (OCTs) determine not only physiological processes but are also involved in the cellular uptake of anticancer agents. Based on microarray analyses in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), SLC22A1/OCT1 mRNA seems to be downregulated, but systematic protein expression data are currently missing. Moreover, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for altered SLC22A1 expression in HCC are not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated the role of DNA methylation in the transcriptional regulation of the family members SLC22A1/OCT1, SLC22A2/OCT2 and SLC22A3/OCT3 in HCC.

Methods
Semiquantitative immunohistochemistry of SLC22A1 protein expression was performed in paired HCC and histological normal adjacent liver tissues (n = 71) using tissue microarray analyses, and the results were correlated with clinicopathological features. DNA methylation, quantified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and gene expression of SLC22A1, SLC22A2 and SLC22A3 were investigated using fresh-frozen HCC (n = 22) and non-tumor adjacent liver tissues as well as histologically normal liver samples (n = 120) from a large-scale liverbank.

Results
Based on tissue microarray analyses, we observed a significant downregulation of SLC22A1 protein expression in HCC compared to normal adjacent tissue (P < 0.0001). SLC22A1 expression was significantly inverse correlated with expression of the proliferation marker MIB1/Ki-67 (rs = -0.464, P < 0.0001). DNA methylation of SLC22A1 was significantly higher in HCC compared with non-tumor adjacent liver tissue and was lowest in histologically normal liver tissue. Methylation levels for SLC22A1 in combination with RASSF1A resulted in a specificity of > 90% and a sensitivity of 82% for discriminating HCC and tumor-free liver tissue.

Conclusions
DNA methylation of SLC22A1 is associated with downregulation of SLC22A1 in HCC and might be a new biomarker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis. Moreover, targeting SLC22A1 methylation by demethylating agents may offer a novel strategy for anticancer therapy of HCC.
Psychosis incidence through the prism of early intervention services
Authors: Kirkbride J. B. , Stubbins C. , Jones P. B. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryWe know little about first-episode psychosis epidemiology beyond cities or when measured through early intervention in psychosis services. We present results from 18 months of the 3-year Social Epidemiology of Psychoses in East Anglia (SEPEA) study of incepted incidence observed through five early intervention services. We identified 378 eligible individuals (incidence: 45.1/100 000 person-years, 95% CI 40.8–49.9). Rates varied across these services, but were 2–3 times higher than those on which services were commissioned. Risk decreased with age, was nearly doubled among men and differed by ethnic group; doubled in people of mixed ethnicity but lower for those of Asian origin, compared with White British people. Psychosis risk among ethnic minorities was lower than reported in urban settings, which has potential implications for aetiology. Our data suggest considerable psychosis morbidity in diverse, rural communities.
Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption in schizophrenia
Authors: Wulff Katharina , Dijk Derk-Jan , Middleton Benita , Foster Russell G. , Joyce Eileen M. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundSleep disturbances comparable with insomnia occur in up to 80% of people with schizophrenia, but very little is known about the contribution of circadian coordination to these prevalent disruptions.AimsA systematic exploration of circadian time patterns in individuals with schizophrenia with recurrent sleep disruption.MethodWe examined the relationship between sleep–wake activity, recorded actigraphically over 6 weeks, along with ambient light exposure and simultaneous circadian clock timing, by collecting weekly 48 h profiles of a urinary metabolite of melatonin in 20 out-patients with schizophrenia and 21 healthy control individuals matched for age, gender and being unemployed.ResultsSignificant sleep/circadian disruption occurred in all the participants with schizophrenia. Half these individuals showed severe circadian misalignment ranging from phase-advance/delay to non-24 h periods in sleep–wake and melatonin cycles, and the other half showed patterns from excessive sleep to highly irregular and fragmented sleep epochs but with normally timed melatonin production.ConclusionsSevere circadian sleep/wake disruptions exist despite stability in mood, mental state and newer antipsychotic treatment. They cannot be explained by the individuals' level of everyday function.
Water-Soluble Fluorinated Polymer Nanoparticle as 19F MRI Contrast Agent Prepared by Living Random Copolymerization from Dendrimer Initiator
Authors: Ogawa Michihiro , Kataoka Hiromasa , Nitahara Satoshi , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Aoki Hiroyuki , Ito Shinzaburo , Narazaki Michiko , Matsuda Tetsuya 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Water-soluble fluorinated polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) with well-defined structure were successfully prepared as a 19F MRI contrast agent by living radical copolymerization of 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl methacrylate (TFPMA) and tert-butyl methacrylate (tBMA) initiated from a dendritic macroinitiator. The obtained polymers were hydrolyzed and then converted into a sodium salt, yielding water-soluble fluorinated dendritic-star copolymers (PAMAM-g-PTFPMA-co-PMANa). The copolymer showed a sphere-like structure and the diameter increased in the range of 12–25 nm with the increase of the molecular weight. In 19F NMR properties, the T1 and T2 relaxation times were evaluated to be 400 and 70–80 ms, respectively, and were not significantly affected by the molecular weight of the copolymers. 19F MRI in vitro signals can be visualized at the lowest concentration of 0.5 mM (F atom) and detectable even at concentrations lower than 0.2 µM (particle concentration) under this experimental condition, indicating the high sensitivity due to the accumulated fluorine atoms into nanoparticle. Furthermore, in vivo MRI demonstrated the feasibility of the water-soluble fluorinated PNP as a new type of 19F MRI contrast agent.
Nanoarchitectonics for Mesoporous Materials
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Vinu Ajayan , Yamauchi Yusuke , Ji Qingmin , Hill Jonathan P 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Although mesoporous materials have well-defined pore structures, these fine materials can surprisingly be produced by employing a set of conventional and simple procedures such as mixing, heating, filtration, and washing, using low-cost materials. They can be regarded as easy-to-make bulk nanostructured materials. Mesoporous materials have great potential for use in both macroscopic applications and nanotechnology. In this account, we introduce examples of recent developments in mesoporous materials involving innovations in their components and structural designs and concentrating on our own recent progress. These examples include syntheses of mesoporous silica, metal oxides, semiconductive materials, metals, alloys, organic composites, biomaterial composites, carbon, carbon nitride, and boron nitride, as innovative components. As structural innovations for mesoporous materials, various film preparations, pore alignments, and hierarchic structures are described together with their related functions including sensing and controlled release of target molecules.
Lower value of glycated haemoglobin relative to glycaemic control in diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease not on haemodialysis
Authors: Shima Kenji , Chujo Keiko , Yamada Mayumi , Komatsu Machiko , Noma Yoshihiko , Mizuguchi Takashi 
Published: December 2011

Background Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration is lower relative to glyacemic control in diabetic patients on haemodialysis. However, it is unknown as to whether this is also true for diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease but not on haemodialysis. Methods Correlations between HbA1c or glycated albumin (GA) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (determined by serum creatinine concentration, sex and age) were investigated in 86 diabetic patients with renal dysfunction not on dialysis. The mean values of HbA1c and of red blood cell (RBC) lifespan were compared among four groups of patients: Group 1 ( n = 30, eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), Group 2 ( n = 30, eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 but ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2), Group 3 ( n = 13, eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 but ≥15 mL/min/1.73 m2) and Group 4 ( n = 13, eGFR < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 without haemodialysis). RBC lifespan was determined in each subject from the difference between alveolar carbon monoxide (CO) concentration and atmospheric CO concentration. Results HbA1c was significantly correlated with eGFR ( r = 0.37, P = 0.0004), but GA was not. The HbA1c values in Group 3 (6.8 ± 0.6%) and Group 4 (6.3 ± 0.5%) were significantly lower than that in Group 1 (7.4 ± 0.8%), but there was no difference between Group 2 (7.2 ± 0.7%) and Group 1. There was a significant correlation between RBC lifespan and eGFR, and the mean RBC lifespan in Group 3 (96 ± 35 d) and Group 4 (94 ± 30 d) were significantly shorter than that in Group 1 (127 ± 30 d). Conclusions Diabetic patients with stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease not on haemodialysis had significantly lower values of HbA1c and shorter RBC lifespan compared with diabetic patients without renal dysfunction.
Does the Rolodex Matter? Corporate Elite's Small World and the Effectiveness of Boards of Directors
Authors: Nguyen Bang Dang 
Published: December 2011

This paper investigates the impact of social ties on the effectiveness of boards of directors. When the chief executive officer (CEO) and a number of directors belong to the same social networks, the CEO is less likely to be dismissed for poor performance. The results are robust to different measures of performance and networks, and consistent after controlling for CEO ability and connected boards' superior information. Although being ousted is costly for all CEOs—who must then devote time to finding new employment and only succeed in 62% of cases—socially connected CEOs are more likely to find new and better employment after a forced departure. Evidence from this paper suggests that close social ties between board members and CEOs impact the workings of the board of directors. This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, Teck Ho, and Terrance Odean, special issue editors.
The Microevolution of Routines: How Problem Solving and Social Preferences Interact
Authors: Loch Christoph H. , Sengupta Kishore , Ahmad M. Ghufran 
Published: December 2011

Routines are repetitive patterns of activity within a group, action patterns that help the group to solve problems and organize its way of functioning. Routines address issues of problem solving as well as issues of internal integration, such as regulating group identity, status distribution, and relationships. This study uses an experiment with three-person groups to examine how routines evolve in the interaction of problem-solving and internal integration dynamics.In line with previous work, we find that groups do indeed develop problem-solving routines over time and use them consistently. Furthermore, group members internalize and retain routines in their individual decisions. The formation and retention of these routines is, however, affected by social comparisons. Groups that have a strong sense of group identity use their problem-solving routines more consistently. Their members also better retain the routines in their individual decisions. In contrast, we find that differentiated status within a group distorts its problem-solving routines by overweighting the influence of the high-status member. Status also interferes with the formation and retention of routines, in that groups are relatively less consistent in using them and their members show lower retention of the routine in their individual decisions. Finally, a strong relationship between two of the three members in a group (leaving the third group member out) enables the two to engage in consistent problem solving, but concomitantly, the group as a whole is less able to apply its routines consistently, and group retention of routines also suffers.
Serum MicroRNA Expression Profile as a Biomarker in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Liu Rui , Chen Xi , Du Yiqi , Yao Weiyan , Shen Lin , Wang Cheng , Hu Zhibin , Zhuang Rui , Ning Guang , Zhang Chunni , Yuan Yaozong , Li Zhaoshen , Zen Ke , Ba Yi , Zhang Chen-Yu 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Detection of pancreatic cancer (PaC), particularly at early stages, remains a great challenge owing to lack of specific biomarkers. We sought to identify a PaC-specific serum microRNA (miRNA) expression profile and test its specificity and sensitivity as a biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of PaC.

METHODS
We obtained serum samples from 197 PaC cases and 158 age- and sex-matched cancer-free controls. We screened the differentially expressed serum miRNAs with Illumina sequencing by synthesis technology using pooled serum samples followed by RT-qPCR validation of a large number of samples arranged in multiple stages. We used risk score analysis to evaluate the diagnostic value of the serum miRNA profiling system. To assess the serum miRNA–based biomarker accuracy in predicting PaC, we performed additional double-blind testing in 77 PaC cases and 52 controls and diagnostic classification in 55 cases with clinically suspected PaC.

RESULTS
After the selection and validation process, 7 miRNAs displayed significantly different expression levels in PaC compared with controls. This 7 miRNA–based biomarker had high sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing various stages of PaC from cancer-free controls and also accurately discriminated PaC patients from chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients. Among the 7 miRNAs, miR-21 levels in serum were significantly associated with overall PaC survival. The diagnostic accuracy rate of the 7-miRNA profile was 83.6% in correctly classifying 55 cases with clinically suspected PaC.

CONCLUSIONS
These data demonstrate that the 7 miRNA–based biomarker can serve as a novel noninvasive approach for PaC diagnosis and prognosis.
Compressive Creep of Reinforced Polymeric Piling
Authors: Bozorg-Haddad Amir , Iskander Magued 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Reinforced polymeric piling (RPP) is a sustainable piling product that is gaining attention for use instead of timber piling in coastal and waterfront applications. However, unlike conventional construction materials that have well-documented creep behavior, there is virtually no reliable data on the compressive creep behavior of RPP. RPP is composed of a recycled plastic matrix made of high density polyethylene (HDPE) that is reinforced with steel or fiber reinforced polymer rods (FRP, E-glass, or fiberglass). In this study, an accelerated test method to predict the compressive creep of both recycled HDPE and FRP is employed. The method is based on the equivalence of strain energy density (SED) between conventional constant-stress creep tests and stress-strain tests, conducted at different strain rates. Test results indicate that the tested recycled HDPE exhibited a pronounced viscoelastic or viscoplastic response, at low strains, when loaded in compression. At room temperature, SED predicts that recycled HDPE will creep about 1.1 % in 100 years when loaded at an ultimate stress of 8.3 MPa (1200 psi). FRP exhibits a small viscoelastic tendency. SED predicts that the FRP loaded in compression will creep by less than 0.5 % in 100 years when loaded at an ultimate stress of 88 MPa (12 800 psi). The stress-strain behavior of RPP depends on strain compatibility of both HDPE and FRP. Creep of RPP will depend on the percentage of FRP reinforcement in the cross section. Creep of RPP is estimated to be on the order of 0.2 % to 1.8 % in 100 years under loading and reinforcement ratios employed for this research.
Stability of Metallic Glasses: Criteria and Prediction of Ductile-Brittle Transition and Crystallization
Authors: Zaichenko S. G. , Glezer A. M. , Filippova V. P. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
A close correlation between the mechanical behavior changes of metal-metalloid glasses and their relaxation spectrum heat emissions has been found. The criteria of crystallization and ductile-brittle transition for these kinds of metallic glasses (MGs) have been established. They correspond to the heat emission balance between the low- and high-temperature parts of the relaxation spectrum. The model of MGs as a system constituting an additive sum of elementary two-level transitions with continuously distributed activation energies is proposed for the analytical description of the relaxation spectrum and its parameters. The methods developed in the approximation of the model permit the determination of the current state of MG materials at an arbitrary temperature, as well as forecasting of their ductile-brittle transition and crystallization according to heat emission alterations of the relaxation spectrum.
Why Don't Taxpayers Maximize their Tax-Based Student Aid? Salience and Inertia in Program Selection
Authors: Turner Nicholas 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Tax-based federal student aid is designed to increase postsecondary attendance and ease the financial burden of higher education enrollment by offering students and their families a menu of tax incentives. However, many taxpayers who are eligible for more than one tax-based aid program, and who are limited to one program per student each year, fail to select the single program that offers the largest reduction in taxes. Analyzing a panel dataset of individual income tax returns, I find that in roughly one out of four returns taxpayers and paid preparers fail to select the tax-minimizing tax-based aid program. I find evidence that greater salience of federal tax effects, and inertia in program selection, leads some taxpayers and paid preparers to make non-tax-minimizing selections. Streamlining the set of tax-based aid programs into a single tax incentive is likely to be a more effective way of lowering the costs of postsecondary attendance for students and their families.
ARCHER â€“ e-Research Tools for Research Data Management
Authors: Androulakis Steve , Buckle Ashley M. , Atkinson Ian , Groenewegen David , Nicholas Nick , Treloar Andrew , Beitz Anthony 
Published: December 2011

With new scientific instruments growing exponentially in their capability to generate research data, new infrastructure needs to be developed and deployed to allow researchers to effectively and securely manage their research data from collection, publication, and eventual dissemination to research communities.Â In particular, researchers need to be able to easily acquire data from instruments, store and manage potentially large quantities of data, easily process the data, share research resources and work spaces with colleagues both inside and outside of their institution, search and discover across their accessible collections, and easily publish datasets and related research artefacts.Â The ARCHER Project has developed production-ready generic e-Research infrastructure including: a Research Repository; Scientific Dataset Managers (both a web and desktop application); Distributed Integrated Multi-Sensor and Instrument Middleware; and a Collaborative Workspace Environment.Â Institutions can selectively deploy these components to greatly assist their researchers in managing their research data.
Relay-supporting Archives: Requirements and Progress
Authors: Janée Greg , Frew James , Moore Terry 
Published: December 2011

We characterize long-term preservation of digital content as an extended relay in time, in which repeated handoffs of information occur independently at every architectural layer: at the physical layer, where bits are handed off between storage systems; at the logical layer, where digital objects are handed off between repository systems; and at the administrative layer, where collections of objects and relationships are handed off between archives, curators, and institutions.Â We examine the support of current preservation technologies for these handoffs, note shortcomings, and argue that some modest improvements would result in a "relay-supporting" preservation infrastructure, one that provides a baseline level of preservation by mitigating the risk of fundamental information loss.Â Finally, we propose a series of tests to validate a relay-supporting infrastructure, including a second Archive Ingest and Handling Test (AIHT).
The Third DCC-RIN Research Data Management Forum
Authors: Donnelly Martin 
Published: December 2011

A report on the third meeting of the Research Data Management Forum which was held in Manchester, UK on April 30 and May 1, 2009, with an overarchingÂ theme entitled "Value and Benefits". The event was co-sponsored by the Digital Curation Centre (DCC) and the Research Information Network (RIN).
Skilling Up to Do Data: Whose Role, Whose Responsibility, Whose Career?
Authors: Pryor Graham , Donnelly Martin 
Published: December 2011

What are the roles necessary to effective data management and what kinds of expertise are needed by the researchers and data specialists who are filling those roles?Â These questions were posed at a workshop of data creators and curators whose delegates challenged the DCC and RIN to identify the training needs and career opportunities for the broad cohort that finds itself working in data management – sometimes by design but more often by accident.Â This paper revisits previous investigations into the roles and responsibilities required by a “data workforce”, presents a representative spectrum of informed opinion from the DCC Research Data Management Forum, and makes some recommendations for raising capability, capacity and status.
Effect of Mn doping on the structural and optical properties of sol-gel derived ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Ali Abdub , Dejene Francis , Swart Hendrik 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Un-doped and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized in an ethanolic solution by using a sol-gel method. Material properties of the samples dependence on preparation conditions and Mn concentrations were investigated while other parameters were controlled to ensure reproducibility. It was observed that the structural properties, particle size, band gap, photoluminescence intensity and wavelength of maximum intensity were influenced by the amount of Mn ions present in the precursor. The XRD spectra for ZnO nanoparticles show the entire peaks corresponding to the various planes of wurtzite ZnO, indicating a single phase. The diffraction peaks of doped samples are slightly shifted to lower angles with an increase in the Mn ion concentration, signifying the expansion of the lattice constants and increase in the band gap of ZnO. All the samples show the absorption in the visible region. The absorbance spectra show that the excitonic absorption peak shifts towards the lower wavelength side with the Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The PL spectra of undoped ZnO consist of UV emission at 388 nm and broad visible emission at 560 nm with varying relative peak intensities. The doping of ZnO with Mn quenches significantly the green emission while UV luminescence is slightly affected.