bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life around … : Staff’s Perceptions of Residents’ Adjustment into Long-Term Care
Authors: Wiersma Elaine C. 
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉLe déménagement à un établissement de service de soins à long terme peut être particulière-ment traumatique pour de nouveaux résidents. Le personnel peut faciliter cette transition dans un certain nombre de façons. Cependant, les perceptions du personnel du processus de transition et les expériences des résidents joueront un rôle significatif en déterminant le type d’appui qui est donné aux résidents pendant cette transition. Le but de cette recherche était d’examiner les perceptions du personnel d’une personne venant à vivre dans un environnement de soins à long terme. Trois thèmes principaux ont émergé après l’analyse d’entrevues détaillées avec le personnel d’un service de soin à long terme qui englobaient les descriptions de la vie des résidents. Essentiellement, le personnel a décrit comment les résidents ont appris à vivre une vie autour de divers facteurs en trois catégories principaux: une vie autour des pertes, une vie autour de l’établissement résidentiel, et une vie autour du corps.
Assessing Multimodal Spoken Word-in-Sentence Recognition in Children With Normal Hearing and Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Holt Rachael Frush , Kirk Karen Iler , Hay-McCutcheon Marcia 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo examine multimodal spoken word-in-sentence recognition in children.MethodTwo experiments were undertaken. In Experiment 1, the youngest age with which the multimodal sentence recognition materials could be used was evaluated. In Experiment 2, lexical difficulty and presentation modality effects were examined, along with test–retest reliability and validity in normal-hearing children and those with cochlear implants.ResultsNormal-hearing children as young as 3.25 years and those with cochlear implants just under 4 years who have used their device for at least 1 year were able to complete the multimodal sentence testing. Both groups identified lexically easy words in sentences more accurately than lexically hard words across modalities, although the largest effects occurred in the auditory-only modality. Both groups displayed audiovisual integration with the highest scores achieved in the audiovisual modality, followed sequentially by auditory-only and visual-only modalities. Recognition of words in sentences was correlated with recognition of words in isolation. Preliminary results suggest fair-to-good test–retest reliability.ConclusionsThe results suggest that children’s audiovisual word-in-sentence recognition can be assessed using the materials developed for this investigation. With further development, the materials hold promise for becoming a test of multimodal sentence recognition for children with hearing loss.
Influence of Broad Auditory Tuning on Across-Frequency Integration of Speech Patterns
Authors: Healy Eric W. , Carson Kimberly A. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
The purpose of the present study was to assess whether diminished tolerance for disruptions to across-frequency timing in listeners with hearing impairment can be attributed to broad auditory tuning.

Method
In 2 experiments in which random assignment was used, sentences were represented as 3 noise bands centered at 530, 1500, and 4243 Hz, which were amplitude modulated by 3 corresponding narrow speech bands. To isolate broad tuning from other influences of hearing impairment, listeners with normal hearing (45 in Experiment 1 and 30 in Experiment 2) were presented with these vocoder stimuli, having carrier band filter slopes of 12, 24, and 192 dB/octave. These speech patterns were presented in synchrony and with between-band asynchronies up to 40 ms.

Results
Mean intelligibility scores were reduced in conditions of severe, but not moderate, simulated broadening. Although scores fell as asynchrony increased, the steeper drop in performance characteristic of listeners with hearing impairment tested previously was not observed in conditions of simulated broadening.

Conclusions
The intolerance for small across-frequency asynchronies observed previously does not appear attributable to broad tuning. Instead, the present data suggest that the across-frequency processing mechanism in at least some listeners with hearing impairment might be less robust to this type of degradation.
Measuring the Effects of Reverberation and Noise on Sentence Intelligibility for Hearing-Impaired Listeners
Authors: George Erwin L. J. , Goverts S. Theo , Festen Joost M. , Houtgast Tammo 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
The Speech Transmission Index (STI; Houtgast, Steeneken, & Plomp, 1980; Steeneken & Houtgast, 1980) is commonly used to quantify the adverse effects of reverberation and stationary noise on speech intelligibility for normal-hearing listeners. Duquesnoy and Plomp (1980) showed that the STI can be applied for presbycusic listeners, relating speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in various reverberant conditions to a fixed, subject-dependent STI value. The current study aims at extending their results to a wider range of hearing-impaired listeners.

Method
A reverberant analogue of the SRT is presented—the speech reception reverberation threshold (SRRT)—which determines the amount of reverberation that a listener can sustain to understand 50% of the presented sentences. SRTs are performed and evaluated in terms of STI for 5 normal-hearing participants and 36 randomly selected hearing-impaired participants.

Results
Results show that differences in STI between reverberant and noisy conditions are only small, equivalent to a change in speech-to-noise ratio < 1.3 dB.

Conclusion
The STI appears to be a convenient, single number to quantify speech reception of hearing-impaired listeners in noise and/or reverberation, regardless of the nature of the hearing loss. In future research, the SRRT may be applied to further investigate the supposed importance of cognitive processing in reverberant listening conditions.
Spanish/English Bilingual Listeners on Clinical Word Recognition Tests: What to Expect and How to Predict
Authors: Shi Lu-Feng , Sánchez Diana 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
The current study was an attempt to provide initial evidence on how to predict the optimal language in which to conduct speech perception testing for Spanish/English (S/E) bilingual listeners.

Method
Thirty normal-hearing S/E listeners differing in age of language acquisition, length of immersion, daily language use, self-rated listening proficiency, and language dominance were evaluated on the English and Spanish word recognition tests in quiet and in speech-spectrum noise.

Results
Performance on the English and Spanish tests was not correlated for any conditions. English word recognition was most significantly correlated with age of English acquisition. Logistic regression analyses further demonstrated age of English acquisition to be a good predictor of listeners' relative success on the 2 tests in quiet and at +6 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). At 0 dB SNR, language dominance had the highest predictive specificity, whereas the combination of age of English acquisition and Spanish listening proficiency had the highest sensitivity.

Conclusions
A Spanish word recognition test would likely yield more favorable results for S/E bilingual listeners who were Spanish-dominant or who acquired English at 10 years of age or older. It may be necessary for listeners who acquired English at 7–10 years of age to be evaluated in both English and Spanish.
Dichotic Word Recognition in Noise and the Right-Ear Advantage
Authors: Roup Christina M. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThis study sought to compare dichotic right-ear advantages (REAs) of young adults to older adult data (C. M. Roup, T. L. Wiley, & R. H. Wilson, 2006) after matching for overall levels of recognition performance. Specifically, speech-spectrum noise was introduced in order to reduce dichotic recognition performance of young adults to a level consistent with that of older adults with hearing loss.MethodDichotic word-recognition performance was evaluated in the free-recall response paradigm across 2 conditions: (a) quiet and (b) noise (+11 dB signal-to-noise ratio). Participants included a group of right-handed young adults (n= 32) with normal hearing.ResultsThe introduction of noise resulted in significantly poorer dichotic word-recognition performance than in the quiet condition for the young adults. REAs, however, did not differ between the 2 conditions. Relative to the Roup et al. (2006) older adult data, performance of the young adults in the noise condition resulted in (a) similar levels of overall recognition performance and (b) significantly smaller REAs.ConclusionsResults suggest that the magnitude of the REA is not dependent upon the difficulty of the dichotic task. Rather, the large REAs exhibited by older adults are more likely related to age-related deficits in auditory processing.
Effects of Aging and Noise on Real-Time Spoken Word Recognition: Evidence From Eye Movements
Authors: Ben-David Boaz M. , Chambers Craig G. , Daneman Meredyth , Pichora-Fuller M. Kathleen , Reingold Eyal M. , Schneider Bruce A. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo use eye tracking to investigate age differences in real-time lexical processing in quiet and in noise in light of the fact that older adults find it more difficult than younger adults to understand conversations in noisy situations.MethodTwenty-four younger and 24 older adults followed spoken instructions referring to depicted objects, for example, “Look at the candle.” Eye movements captured listeners' ability to differentiate the target noun (candle) from a similar-sounding phonological competitor (e.g.,candyorsandal). Manipulations included the presence/absence of noise, the type of phonological overlap in target–competitor pairs, and the number of syllables.ResultsHaving controlled for age-related differences in word recognition accuracy (by tailoring noise levels), similar online processing profiles were found for younger and older adults when targets were discriminated from competitors that shared onset sounds. Age-related differences were found when target words were differentiated from rhyming competitors and were more extensive in noise.ConclusionsReal-time spoken word recognition processes appear similar for younger and older adults in most conditions; however, age-related differences may be found in the discrimination of rhyming words (especially in noise), even when there are no age differences in word recognition accuracy. These results highlight the utility of eye movement methodologies for studying speech processing across the life span.
The Relationship Between Brainstem Temporal Processing and Performance on Tests of Central Auditory Function in Children With Reading Disorders
Authors: Billiet Cassandra R. , Bellis Teri James 
Published: August 2010

PurposeStudies using speech stimuli to elicit electrophysiologic responses have found approximately 30% of children with language-based learning problems demonstrate abnormal brainstem timing. Research is needed regarding how these responses relate to performance on behavioral tests of central auditory function. The purpose of the study was to investigate performance of children with dyslexia with and without abnormal brainstem timing and children with no history of learning or related disorders on behavioral tests of central auditory function.MethodPerformance of 30 school-age children on behavioral central auditory tests in common clinical use was examined: Group 1 (n= 10): dyslexia, abnormal brainstem timing; Group 2 (n= 10): dyslexia, normal brainstem timing; Group 3 (n= 10): typical controls.ResultsResults indicated that all participants in Group 2 met diagnostic criteria for (central) auditory processing disorder [(C)APD], whereas only 4 participants in Group 1 met criteria. The Biological Marker of Auditory Processing (BioMARK) identified 6 children in Group 1 who did not meet diagnostic criteria for (C)APD but displayed abnormal brainstem timing.ConclusionsResults underscore the importance of central auditory assessment for children with dyslexia. Furthermore, the BioMARK may be useful in identifying children with central auditory dysfunction who would not have been identified using behavioral methods of (C)APD assessment.
Use of Acoustic Cues by Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Giezen Marcel R. , Escudero Paola , Baker Anne 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
This study examined the use of different acoustic cues in auditory perception of consonant and vowel contrasts by profoundly deaf children with a cochlear implant (CI) in comparison to age-matched children and young adults with normal hearing.

Method

A speech sound categorization task in an XAB format was administered to 15 children ages 5–6 with a CI (mean age at implant: 1;8 [years;months]), 20 normal-hearing age-matched children, and 21 normal-hearing adults. Four contrasts were examined: /ɑ/–/a/, /
i
/–/i/, /bu/–/pu/, and /fu/–/su/. Measures included phoneme endpoint identification, individual cue reliance, cue weighting, and classification slope.

Results
The children with a CI used the spectral cues in the /fu/–/su/ contrast less effectively than the children with normal hearing, resulting in poorer phoneme endpoint identification and a shallower classification slope. Performance on the other 3 contrasts did not differ significantly. Adults consistently showed steeper classification slopes than the children, but similar cue-weighting patterns were observed in all 3 groups.

Conclusions
Despite their different auditory input, children with a CI appear to be able to use many acoustic cues effectively in speech perception. Most importantly, children with a CI and normal-hearing children were observed to use similar cue-weighting patterns.
Noise Exposure Estimates of Urban MP3 Player Users
Authors: Levey Sandra , Levey Tania , Fligor Brian J. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo examine the sound level and duration of use of personal listening devices (PLDs) by 189 college students, ages 18–53 years, as they entered a New York City college campus, to determine whether noise exposure from PLDs was in excess of recommended exposure limits and what factors might influence exposure.MethodFree-field equivalent sound levels from PLD headphones were measured on a mannequin with a calibrated sound level meter. Participants reported demographic information, whether they had just come off the subway, the type of PLD and earphones used, and duration per day and days per week they used their PLDs.ResultsBased on measured free-field equivalent sound levels from PLD headphones and the reported PLD use, per day 58.2% of participants exceeded 85 dB A-weighted 8-hr equivalent sound levels (LAeq), and per week 51.9% exceeded 85 dB A-weighted 40-hr equivalent continuous sound levels (LAwkn).ConclusionsThe majority of PLD users exceeded recommended sound exposure limits, suggesting that they were at increased risk for noise-induced hearing loss. Analyses of the demographics of these participants and mode of transportation to campus failed to indicate any particular gender differences in PLD use or in mode of transportation influencing sound exposure.
Symmetry and dynamics of molecular rotors in amphidynamic molecular crystals
Authors: Karlen Steven D. , Reyes Horacio , Taylor R. E. , Khan Saeed I. , Hawthorne M. Frederick , Garcia-Garibay Miguel A. 
Published: August 2010

Rotary biomolecular machines rely on highly symmetric supramolecular structures with rotating units that operate within a densely packed frame of reference, stator, embedded within relatively rigid membranes. The most notable examples are the enzyme FoF1 ATP synthase and the bacterial flagellum, which undergo rotation in steps determined by the symmetries of their rotators and rotating units. Speculating that a precise control of rotational dynamics in rigid environments will be essential for the development of artificial molecular machines, we analyzed the relation between rotational symmetry order and equilibrium rotational dynamics in a set of crystalline molecular gyroscopes with rotators having axial symmetry that ranges from two- to fivefold. The site exchange frequency for these molecules in their closely related crystals at ambient temperature varies by several orders of magnitude, up to
ca.
4.46 × 10
8
s
-1
.
A framework for oligonucleotide microarray preprocessing
Authors: Carvalho Benilton S. , Irizarry Rafael A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Motivation: The availability of flexible open source software for the analysis of gene expression raw level data has greatly facilitated the development of widely used preprocessing methods for these technologies. However, the expansion of microarray applications has exposed the limitation of existing tools.
Results: We developed the oligo package to provide a more general solution that supports a wide range of applications. The package is based on the BioConductor principles of transparency, reproducibility and efficiency of development. It extends the existing tools and leverages existing code for visualization, accessing data and widely used preprocessing routines. The oligo package implements a unified paradigm for preprocessing data and interfaces with other BioConductor tools for downstream analysis. Our infrastructure is general and can be used by other BioConductor packages.
Availability: The oligo package is freely available through BioConductor, http://www.bioconductor.org.
Contact: benilton.carvalho@cancer.org.uk; rafa@jhu.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A digital temperature atlas for the Norwegian Sea
Authors: Ottersen Geir 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOttersen, G. 2010. A digital temperature atlas for the Norwegian Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1525–1537. The first digital temperature atlas for the Norwegian Sea (Nordic Seas/GIN Sea) is described and examples of applications given. The atlas is intended mainly to make historical temperature values available to fisheries oceanographers, fisheries biologists, and stock assessment scientists in a structured, uniform format. It should also be of interest to physical oceanographers, climate researchers, and numerical modellers, and will be of relevance to remote-sensing analyses. The atlas, made freely available for scientific non-commercial purposes, is based on interpolation from 59 496 mainly Norwegian, Faroese, and Icelandic hydrographic stations. It consists of gridded temperature fields for the area 20°W–20°E 60–80°N, with a spatial resolution of 1/2° longitude by 1/3° latitude. It covers the quarters January–March, April–June, July–September, and October–December for each year from 1990 to 2007 at 28 depth levels from 0 to 500 m. Two versions of the atlas were produced, one based solely on actual data and one where cells with “missing” values were filled from World Ocean Atlas 05 climatology. Suggested applications include the mapping of horizontal fields and vertical sections, initiation or verification of numerical models, comparisons with SST values from remote sensing, calculations within any chosen latitude–longitude–depth box, and the estimation of the ambient temperatures fish experience when the atlas is used in conjunction with information on fish distribution.
Pregnancy Does Not Enhance Volatile Anesthetic Sensitivity on the Brain
Authors: Ueyama Hiroshi , Hagihira Satoshi , Takashina Masaki , Nakae Aya , Mashimo Takashi 
Published: August 2010

Backgrounds
Parturients are thought to be more sensitive to inhalational anesthetics because their minimum alveolar concentration is decreased. However, this conventional theory may be wrong, because, according to recent animal studies, minimum alveolar concentration indicates anesthetic effect on the spinal cord but not on the brain. The aim of this electroencephalographic study was to investigate the differences in the hypnotic effect of sevoflurane on parturients and nonpregnant patients.

Methods
Fifteen parturients undergoing cesarean section and 15 patients undergoing elective gynecologic surgery were enrolled. Anesthesia was induced with 4 mg/kg thiopental, 2 microg/kg fentanyl, and 2 mg/kg suxamethonium or 0.15 mg/kg vecuronium. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and fentanyl. The electroencephalographic signals, obtained from the bispectral index monitor, were recorded on a computer. We calculated 95% spectral edge frequency, amplitude, and bicoherence using custom software (Bispectrum Analyzer for bispectral index). After confirming that end-tidal sevoflurane had reached equilibrium, we measured electroencephalographic parameters of sevoflurane at 2.0 and 1.5% during surgery and at 1.0 and 0.5% after surgery.

Results
With the decrease of end-tidal sevoflurane concentration from 2.0 to 0.5%, 95% spectral edge frequency, amplitude, bispectral index, and bicoherence values changed dose-dependently in pregnant and nonpregnant women (P&lt;0.0001). However, there were no significant differences in those electroencephalographic parameters in pregnant and nonpregnant women.

Conclusions
This electroencephalographic study has shown that pregnancy does not enhance hypnotic effect of sevoflurane. These results suggested that the decrease in minimum alveolar concentration during pregnancy does not mean an enhanced volatile anesthetic effect on the brain.
Sevoflurane Binds and Allosterically Blocks Integrin Lymphocyte Function-associated Antigen-1
Authors: Yuki Koichi , Astrof Nathan S. , Bracken Clay , Soriano Sulpicio G. , Shimaoka Motomu 
Published: August 2010

Background
Volatile anesthetics have been shown to modify immune cell functions via several mechanisms, some of which have been only partially elucidated. We demonstrated that isoflurane inhibits primary leukocyte integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) by binding to the allosteric cavity critical for conformational activation to its high-affinity form. It remains to be determined whether the allosteric inhibition of LFA-1 by isoflurane can be generalized to other anesthetics such as sevoflurane.

Methods
The effects of sevoflurane on the ability of LFA-1 to bind to its counter-ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, was studied in leukocytes by flow cytometry. To examine whether sevoflurane acts directly on LFA-1, we measured ligand-binding using beads coated with purified LFA-1 protein. To distinguish between competitive versus allosteric inhibition, we analyzed the effects of sevoflurane on both wild-type and mutant-locked high-affinity LFA-1. One-way analysis of variance was employed for statistical analysis of the data. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to identify sevoflurane binding site(s).

Results
Sevoflurane at clinically relevant concentrations inhibited the ligand-binding function of LFA-1 in leukocytes as well as in cell-free assays (P&lt;0.05). Sevoflurane blocked wild-type but not locked high-affinity LFA-1, thereby demonstrating an allosteric mode of inhibition. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that sevoflurane bound to the allosteric cavity, to which LFA-1 allosteric antagonists and isoflurane also bind.

Conclusions
This study suggests that sevoflurane also blocks the activation-dependent conformational changes of LFA-1 to the high-affinity form. The allosteric mode of action exemplified by sevoflurane and isoflurane via LFA-1 might represent one of the underlying mechanisms of anesthetic-mediated immunomodulation.