bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trace Element Speciation in Evaporation Pond Reclamation Assessments
Authors: Thimm H.F. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Current procedures for the reclamation of evaporation ponds and otherindustrial lagoons require the analysis of pond sediments for a variety oftrace elements specified by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). In general, trace element limits for this CCME list are setby the provinces (e.g., Tier 1 & 2 in Alberta, Levels A, B, and C in British Columbia). Failure to meet the specifications usually results in arequirement for risk assessment.
A problem often encountered with risk assessment is that the speciation oftrace elements exceeding the standards in the CCME list cannot be deduced fromthe analyses alone, because the CCME or government approved analyticalprocedures measure total concentrations, without regard for the chemical formin which an element of interest exists. This chemical speciation, however, canvery strongly affect toxicity, solubility and leachability, and availability toplants of the element.
In many cases, the favoured speciation of trace elements in evaporationponds can be calculated from geochemical thermodynamics, using pH and thereduction potential as master variables to obtain stability diagrams. Thesetechniques require the analysis of the pond water and pond sludge centrifugate.The practical use of the technique is illustrated in an example from anindustrial facility in Alberta, where it was shown that certain contaminantshad reacted to form stable and innocuous materials.

Introduction
The decommissioning of ponds and pits at gas plants and other facilities hasbeen a relatively high priority item for petroleum operators in the last tenyears. In addition to problems that may arise with respect to salinity andorganic contamination, trace elements may usually be expected to be present inpond sediments. The guidelines of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) require analysis for a variety of trace elements, althoughthe setting of critical values is left to the provinces. Failure to meet thecriteria set will often result in a requirement for risk assessment.
Unfortunately, the information to be gained from routine analysis of pondsediments can be misleading in this respect. The guidelines refer to totalconcentrations, and the analytical techniques for measuring these arerecommended in the appropriate government publications. These methods willusually determine elements such as lead without regard for the originalspeciation of the metals. Speciation, however, is of critical importance whenrisks are being evaluated.
The Use of Some Geochemical Methods in Evaporation Pond Reclamation Assessments
Authors: Thimm H.F. , Seibert L.D. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Current procedures for the reclamation of evaporation ponds and otherindustrial lagoons require the analysis of pond sediments for a variety oftrace elements specified by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). In general, trace element limits for this CCME list are setby the provinces (e.g., Tier 1 & 2 in Alberta, Levels A, B, and C in British Columbia). Failure to meet the specifications usually results in arequirement for risk assessment.
The use of certain geochemical techniques, such as complete inorganicidentification, rare earth fingerprints, and the use of chondrite plots, can beused to augment the CCME investigations. They permit the separation ofcontaminant elements from elements that occur naturally above CCME standards.Conclusions can also be drawn about the soil stratification around the lagoon.These techniques are established in geochemistry, but have not, to date, beenwidely applied in petroleum environmental investigations. In an example from agas plant in Alberta, the use of these techniques are illustrated. Theexamination of chondrite plots from pond bottom samples suggested thatstratification was not horizontal, thus introducing considerable heterogeneityinto analytical results. The non-horizontal stratification was confirmed bydrilling and well log examination. As a consequence, a number of elements, although technically exceeding the CCME guidelines, could be assigned tonatural background, with an according reduction in environmental liability.

Introduction
In addition to problems that may arise from salt and organic contaminationduring pond decommissioning studies, trace elements are often detected in pondsediments. Analysis is required for a variety of trace elements specified bythe guidelines of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME).Critical values for the elements of concern are set by individual provinces.This fact has given rise to a set of criteria such as Alberta Tier 1 and British Columbia Levels A, Band C, which are summarized in Table 1. Both the Tier 1 and B.C. Level A criteria in essence represent natural backgroundvalues, to be expected in most of the agricultural soils of the provincesconcerned. Failure to meet these criteria, depending on land use, often resultsin a requirement for risk assessment.
A 7-Year Prospective Study of Sense of Humor and Mortality in an Adult County Population: The Hunt-2 Study
Authors: Svebak Sven , Romundstad Solfrid , Holmen Jostein 
Published: July 2010

Objective: To prospectively explore the significance of sense of humor for survival over 7 years in an adult county population. Methods: Residents in the county of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway, aged 20 and older, were invited to take part in a public health survey during 1995–97 (HUNT-2), and 66,140 (71.2 %) participated. Sense of humor was estimated by responses to a cognitive ( N = 53,546), social ( N = 52,198), and affective ( N = 53,132) item, respectively, taken from the Sense of Humor Questionnaire (SHQ). Sum scores were tested by Cox survival regression analyses applied to gender, age, and subjective health. Results: Hazard ratios were reduced with sense of humor (continuous scale: HR = 0.73; high versus low by median split: HR = 0.50) as contrasted with increase of HR with a number of classical risk factors (e.g., cardiovascular disease: HR = 6.28; diabetes: HR = 4.86; cancer: HR = 4.18; poor subjective health: HR = 2.89). Gender proved to be of trivial importance to the effect of sense of humor in survival. Subjective health correlated positively with sense of humor and therefore might have presented a spurious relation of survival with humor, but sense of humor proved to reduce HR both in individuals with poor and good subjective health. However, above age 65 the effect of sense of humor on survival became less evident. Conclusion: Sense of humor appeared to increase the probability of survival into retirement, and this effect appeared independent of subjective health. Age under 65 mediated this effect, whereas it disappeared beyond this age.
Screening for Major Depression in Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients: Operating Characteristics of the Beck Depression Inventory-II
Authors: Huffman Jeff C. , Doughty Christopher T. , Januzzi James L. , Pirl William F. , Smith Felicia A. , Fricchione Gregory L 
Published: July 2010

Objective: To assess the operating characteristics of the Beck-Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the BDI-II cognitive subscale (BDI-II-cog) in screening for major depression (MDD) in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Methods: Between October 2003 and July 2005, 131 post-MI patients admitted to an urban academic medical center completed the BDI-II and a semi-structured interview for depression within 72 hours of symptom onset. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, overall correct classification, and likelihood ratios for various cutoff values on both scales were evaluated by comparing scores to interview diagnosis of MDD. Receiver-operator curves (ROC) were also calculated and area under the curve (AUC) measured. Results: The optimal cutoff value for the BDI-II was > 16, with a sensitivity of 88.2% and a specificity of 92.1%. Cutoff values of > 3 or > 4 were both acceptable for the BDI-II-cog (sensitivity = 88.2% and 82.4%, respectively; specificity = 81.6% and 88.6%, respectively). AUC was 0.96 for the BDI-II and 0.89 for the cognitive subscale. Conclusions: Effective depression screening is important in post-MI patients because of depression's independent association with morbidity and mortality following MI. Our results suggest that the BDI-II and its cognitive subscale are effective tools for screening for MDD in post-MI patients.
Hepatitis C and Depressive Symptoms: Psychological and Social Factors Matter More Than Liver Injury
Authors: Wilson Michael P. , Castillo Edward M. , Batey Andrew M. , Sapyta Jeffrey , Aronson Sari 
Published: July 2010

Objective:Given that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) crosses the blood-brain barrier, biological factors are commonly blamed for the high rates of mood disturbance in HCV-infected patients. However, no study assessing the potential contribution of psychosocial factors to depression in HCV has yet been conducted.Methods:A cross-sectional survey of 65 patients was undertaken to identify biological, psychological, and sociological contributions to depression. Biological, psychological, and sociological variables were tested for their association with depressive symptomatology as measured by the BDI-II. Separate analyses were conducted on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), as measured by the SF-36, in order to confirm findings in previous work.Results:Psychosocial variables assessed in the study, such as less social functioning, less religious faith, less ability to work, less salary, personal suicide attempt, worse reaction to diagnosis, and feeling “stressed out” were all associated with higher depression scores and lower HRQOL. Biological variables, including viral load, liver enzyme levels, INR, and stage of liver fibrosis on biopsy, were not associated with higher depression or lower HRQOL.Conclusions:The amount of disease as measured by laboratory abnormalities such as viral load, liver function tests, liver biopsy, and INR do not provide much useful information about a patient's depressive symptoms. Instead, these depressive symptoms are more influenced by psychological and social factors. Psychosocial support may therefore be beneficial to HCV patients.
Factors Predicting Adherence with Psychiatric Follow-up Appointments for Patients Assessed by the Liaison Psychiatric Team in the Emergency Department
Authors: Agyapong Vincent I. O. , Rogers Cathy , MacHale Siobhan , Cotter David 
Published: July 2010

Background: Several factors may predict adherence with psychiatric follow-up appointment for patients seen in the emergency department (ED) by liaison psychiatric teams. Awareness of these factors would allow for interventions targeted at vulnerable groups. Aim: To examine the factors which could predict adherence with psychiatric follow-up appointments for patients assessed in the ED by the liaison psychiatric team. Methods: The records of all patients assessed over a 3-month period by the liaison psychiatric team in the emergency department of Beaumont Hospital who were then referred for follow-up to their community mental health team were examined for relevant demographic and clinical variables. Phone contact was then made with the teams to which patients had been referred, to confirm the appointments made and if the patients had attended for their follow-up appointment. The data was analyzed with SPSS (version 17) using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Overall, 56% of the patients were found to have attended their follow-up appointments. Being previously known to psychiatric services was the only statistically significant predictor of adherence with out-patient appointments; with an odds ratio of 7 and p-value of 0.034 when controlling for other variables. Conclusion: Patients who are not known to psychiatric services prior to assessment in the emergency department may need a more proactive outreach if compliance with psychiatric follow-up appointments is to be improved.
Strategic Use of Debt in Flemish Municipalities
Authors: Goeminne Stijn , Smolders Carine 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper discusses the literature on strategic use of debt models and tests the seminal models of Persson & Svensson (1989) and Alesina & Tabellini (1990) on a dataset of Flemish municipalities. The literature on strategic deficit and debt behaviour originates from the question whether or not incumbent policymakers run higher budget deficits than they would if they were confident of re-election. In this paper, we introduce a vote function to estimate the probability of electoral defeat and present evidence of strategic debt in line with Persson & Svensson (1989), but only for leftist governments with expected vote percentages below 49%. There is no indication that rightist governments without re-election prospects are sensitive to strategic debt behaviour.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Allogeneic Islet Engraftment in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Berman Dora M. , Willman Melissa A. , Han Dongmei , Kleiner Gary , Kenyon Norman M. , Cabrera Over , Karl Julie A. , Wiseman Roger W. , O'Connor David H. , Bartholomew Amelia M. , Kenyon Norma S. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE
To test the graft-promoting effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a cynomolgus monkey model of islet/bone marrow transplantation.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Cynomolgus MSCs were obtained from iliac crest aspirate and characterized through passage 11 for phenotype, gene expression, differentiation potential, and karyotype. Allogeneic donor MSCs were cotransplanted intraportally with islets on postoperative day (POD) 0 and intravenously with donor marrow on PODs 5 and 11. Recipients were followed for stabilization of blood glucose levels, reduction of exogenous insulin requirement (EIR), C-peptide levels, changes in peripheral blood T regulatory cells, and chimerism. Destabilization of glycemia and increases in EIR were used as signs of rejection; additional intravenous MSCs were administered to test the effect on reversal of rejection.

RESULTS
MSC phenotype and a normal karyotype were observed through passage 11. IL-6, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor, TGF-β, hepatocyte growth factor, and galectin-1 gene expression levels varied among donors. MSC treatment significantly enhanced islet engraftment and function at 1 month posttransplant (n = 8), as compared with animals that received islets without MSCs (n = 3). Additional infusions of donor or third-party MSCs resulted in reversal of rejection episodes and prolongation of islet function in two animals. Stable islet allograft function was associated with increased numbers of regulatory T-cells in peripheral blood.

CONCLUSIONS
MSCs may provide an important approach for enhancement of islet engraftment, thereby decreasing the numbers of islets needed to achieve insulin independence. Furthermore, MSCs may serve as a new, safe, and effective antirejection therapy.
Global Natural Gas Outlook
Authors: Moore D.W. 
Published: July 2010

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.
The natural gas industry is undergoing significant fundamental changes as it transitions from a regional to global market. The United States hashistorically had limited interaction with the rest of the world in importing natural gas, due to sizeable North America reserves. However, as large gas producing fields mature and decline in production, while the demand for clean fuels for power generation grows, US imports outside of North America are expected to increase dramatically. Current gas imports are primarily via pipeline from Canada, however, in the future, the US is expected to import liquefied natural gas (LNG) from many parts of the world.
Similarly, with growing gas demands Europe and Asia dependence on imported gas is expected to grow significantly. This will require investment in new pipeline projects to increase transit capacity for gas across adjacent regions. Also, import needs are driving huge LNG supply projects in Africa, the Middle East and Asia-Pacific.
Security of gas supplies is increasingly a focus area for governments of these regions. LNG will increase linkages for natural gas around the world. Will the desired gas supply security be achieved?
In this presentation of ExxonMobil's "Industry Gas Outlook", we will review the recent growth of the natural gas industry for historical context, where we are today, and the exciting challenges the global gas industry faces to find and deliver needed supplies.
Inhibition of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity by Antibodies Present in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Kölln Johanna , Zhang Yiping , Thai Gaby , Demetriou Michael , Hermanowicz Neal , Duquette Pierre , van den Noort Stanley , Qin Yufen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe have previously shown that B cells and Abs reactive with GAPDH and antitriosephosphate isomerase (TPI) are present in lesions and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in multiple sclerosis (MS). In the current study, we studied the effect of anti-GAPDH and anti-TPI CSF IgG on the glycolytic enzyme activity of GAPDH and TPI after exposure to intrathecal IgG from 10 patients with MS and 34 patients with other neurologic diseases. The degree of inhibition of GAPDH activity by CSF anti-GAPDH IgG in the seven MS samples tested varied from 13 to 98%, which seemed to correlate with the percentage of anti-GAPDH IgG in the CSF IgG (1–45%). Inhibition of GAPDH activity (18 and 23%) by CSF IgG was seen in two of the 34 patients with other neurologic diseases, corresponding to the low percentage of CSF anti-GAPDH IgG (1 and 8%). In addition, depletion of anti-GAPDH IgG from CSF IgG, using immobilized GAPDH, removed the inhibitory effect of the IgG on GAPDH. No inhibition of GAPDH activity was seen with CSF samples not containing anti-GAPDH IgG. No inhibition of TPI activity was seen with any purified CSF IgG sample. These findings demonstrate an increased percentage of anti-GAPDH Abs in the CSF of patients with MS that can inhibit GAPDH glycolytic enzyme activity and may contribute to neuroaxonal degeneration.
Heterogeneity among Viral Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cells and Their De Novo Recruitment during Persistent Polyomavirus Infection
Authors: Lin Eugene , Kemball Christopher C. , Hadley Annette , Wilson Jarad J. , Hofstetter Amelia R. , Pack Christopher D. , Lukacher Aron E. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Virus-specific CD4+ T cells optimize antiviral responses by providing help for antiviral humoral responses and CD8+ T cell differentiation. Although CD4+ T cell responses to viral infections that undergo complete clearance have been studied extensively, less is known about virus-specific CD4+ T cell responses to viruses that persistently infect their hosts. Using a mouse polyomavirus (MPyV) infection model, we previously demonstrated that CD4+ T cells are essential for recruiting naive MPyV-specific CD8+ T cells in persistently infected mice. In this study, we defined two dominant MPyV-specific CD4+ T cell populations, one directed toward an epitope derived from the nonstructural large T Ag and the other from the major viral capsid protein of MPyV. These MPyV-specific CD4+ T cells vary in terms of their magnitude, functional profile, and phenotype during acute and persistent phases of infection. Using a minimally myeloablative-mixed bone marrow chimerism approach, we further show that naive virus-specific CD4+ T cells, like anti-MPyV CD8+ T cells, are primed de novo during persistent virus infection. In summary, these findings reveal quantitative and qualitative differences in the CD4+ T cell response to a persistent virus infection and demonstrate that naive antiviral CD4+ T cells are recruited during chronic polyomavirus infection.
Inflammasome Activation by Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Directs Th17 Responses and Protection against Bordetella pertussis
Authors: Dunne Aisling , Ross Pádraig J. , Pospisilova Eva , Masin Jiri , Meaney Aoife , Sutton Caroline E. , Iwakura Yoichiro , Tschopp Jurg , Sebo Peter , Mills Kingston H. G. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production is central to the innate immune defects that give rise to certain autoinflammatory diseases and may also be associated with the generation of IL-17–producing CD4+ T (Th17) cells that mediate autoimmunity. However, the role of the inflammasome in driving adaptive immunity to infection has not been addressed. In this article, we demonstrate that inflammasome-mediated IL-1β plays a critical role in promoting Ag-specific Th17 cells and in generating protective immunity against Bordetella pertussis infection. Using a murine respiratory challenge model, we demonstrated that the course of B. pertussis infection was significantly exacerbated in IL-1R type I-defective (IL-1RI−/−) mice. We found that adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA), a key virulence factor secreted by B. pertussis, induced robust IL-1β production by dendritic cells through activation of caspase-1 and the NALP3-containing inflammasome complex. Using mutant toxins, we demonstrate that CyaA-mediated activation of caspase-1 was not dependent on adenylate cyclase enzyme activity but was dependent on the pore-forming capacity of CyaA. In addition, CyaA promoted the induction of Ag-specific Th17 cells in wild-type but not IL-1RI−/− mice. Furthermore, the bacterial load was enhanced in IL-17–defective mice. Our findings demonstrate that CyaA, a virulence factor from B. pertussis, promotes innate IL-1β production via activation of the NALP3 inflammasome and, thereby, polarizes T cell responses toward the Th17 subtype. In addition to its known role in subverting host immunity, our findings suggest that CyaA can promote IL-1β–mediated Th17 cells, which promote clearance of the bacteria from the respiratory tract.
NF-κB RelA Subunit Is Crucial for Early IFN-β Expression and Resistance to RNA Virus Replication
Authors: Wang Junmei , Basagoudanavar Suresh H. , Wang Xingyu , Hopewell Emily , Albrecht Randy , García-Sastre Adolfo , Balachandran Siddharth , Beg Amer A. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
RNA virus infection results in expression of type 1 IFNs, especially IFN-α/β, which play a crucial role in host antivirus responses. Type 1 IFNs are induced in a cell type-specific manner through TLR and RIG-I–like receptor pathways, both of which activate IFN regulatory factors (IRFs) and NF-κB transcription factors. Although NF-κB activation and association with the IFN-β promoter after RNA virus infection is well documented, our previous work showed that, surprisingly, NF-κB is not essential for IFN-β gene expression. Thus, the actual function of NF-κB in IFN-β expression and virus replication is not clear. In this study, we found Newcastle disease virus and vesicular stomatitis virus replication is enhanced in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking the NF-κB RelA subunit. Increased virus replication was traced to a specific requirement for RelA in early virus-induced IFN-β expression. At these time points, when IFN-β expression is ~100-fold less than peak levels, impaired IFN-β production delayed IFN-induced gene expression, resulting in increased virus replication in RelA−/− MEFs. Importantly, our results show that RelA requirement is crucial only when IRF3 activation is low. Thus, high levels of activated IRF3 expression are sufficient for induction of IFN-β in RelA−/− MEFs, transcriptional synergism with the coactivator CREB-binding protein, and rescue of susceptibility to virus. Together, these findings indicate that NF-κB RelA is not crucial for regulating overall IFN-β production, as previously believed; instead, RelA is specifically required only during a key early phase after virus infection, which substantially impacts the host response to virus infection.