bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Up Close and Personal: Medical Students Prefer Face-To-Face Teaching in Psychiatry
Authors: Lampe Lisa , Coulston Carissa , Walter Garry , Malhi Gin 
Published: July 2010

Objective: The aim of this paper was to determine the teaching activities most valued by medical students in the psychiatry rotation and to examine whether this varies with age, gender or stage of training. Method: Medical students at Sydney Medical School were surveyed following an 8-week clinical attachment in psychiatry. Differences in ratings between activities were examined by means of ANOVA and post hoc contrasts. Results: The learning activities involving face-to-face teaching received the highest ratings. The most valued tutorial was that given weekly by a dedicated academic clinician. No differences were seen with respect to age and gender. Inconsistent differences were seen between stages of training for skills sessions, but no other learning activities. Conclusions: Face-to-face clinical teaching should be a priority in clinical attachments in psychiatry as it is highly valued by students and contributes to positive attitudes towards psychiatry.
Reconstruction of the Spring Ligament Using a Peroneus Longus Autograft Tendon Transfer
Authors: Williams Benjamin R. , Ellis Scott J. , Deyer Timothy W. , Pavlov Helene , Deland Jonathan T. 
Published: July 2010

Background: The spring (calcaneonavicular) ligament provides one of the main static supports of the medial arch of the foot. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess the results of patients having undergone reconstruction of the spring ligament using a peroneus longus tendon autograft left at its distal attachment and passed through the navicular followed by either a calcaneal or tibial drill hole, a technique not previously reported. Materials and Methods: Thirteen consecutive patients (14 feet) (mean age, 63.5 ± 12.3 years) undergoing flatfoot surgery with spring ligament reconstruction for cases in which lateral column lengthening failed to correct talonavicular deformity were reviewed. The AOFAS, FAOS, and SF-36 were assessed along with standard weight-bearing radiographs at a followup visit at a mean of 8.9 ± 1.8 years after surgery. Hindfoot alignment and eversion strength were measured. Results: The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score increased from 43.1 to 90.3 ( p 0.001). The postoperative FAOS pain subscale and overall SF-36 were 83.7 (range, 67.9 to 100), and 77.3 (range 37.8 to 95.6) respectively. The AP first tarsometatarsal angle ( p = 0.015), talonavicular coverage angle ( p = 0.003), lateral calcaneal pitch ( p = 0.002), and lateral talonavicular angle ( p = 0.017) improved significantly and were within normal ranges postoperatively. The mean hindfoot alignment measured 2.7 degrees of valgus. All but one patient had normal (5/5) eversion strength. Conclusion: Reconstruction of the spring ligament resulted in few complications and might be considered as an alternative to arthrodesis in patients with ruptures of the spring ligament and deformity that does not correct fully with bony procedures alone. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Analysis of the Clinical Score Progressions During the First Year After First MTPJ Fusion
Authors: Poggio Daniel , Retana Pablo Fernández de , Borda David , Hortua Pedro , Asunción Jordi , Rios Jose 
Published: July 2010

Background: Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint is an effective procedure for many foot pathologies. Many studies have focused on the moment at which joint fusion is carried out, or on the medium- and long-term outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical progression of patients, evaluating both pain and changes on the AOFAS scale at various points during the first postoperative year. Material and Methods: A prospective study with 49 patients was conducted. The AOFAS scale and pain was collect both preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months after first metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis with 20-mm memory compression staples. The data obtained were analyzed for functional status and pain during the first year after surgery. Results: The mean preoperative AOFAS score was 39 compared with a mean postoperative score at 1-year followup of 85. The results of the AOFAS scale at 3- and 6-months post-surgery showed considerable variation. In contrast, at 12 months the mean results tended to converge, thus suggesting greater reliability in the prognosis. The change in pain over time differs from the AOFAS. Pain improved rapidly during the first 6 months; it peaked during the first 3 months, but the data suggests that it was from 6 months onward that prediction of pain levels begin to be more predictable and consistent. Conclusion: The present results show that scores on the AOFAS scale and for pain improve progressively throughout the first year following first MTPJ fusion. At 3 months the results for both pain and the AOFAS scale had a low predictive value due to the wide variation in scores. However, at 6 months, pain stabilized and scores showed greater precision, thus increasing the predictive value of the results. With the AOFAS scale, there continued to be considerable variation at 6 months, and it was not until 1-year post surgery that scores showed an acceptable degree of precision. Level of Evidence: IV, Case Series
Mid-term Results of the MOJE Hallux MP Joint Replacement
Authors: McGraw Iain W. W. , Jameson Simon S. , Kumar C. Senthil 
Published: July 2010

Background: There are reports of good early results in small numbers of patients implanted with the ‘Moje’ ceramic prosthesis. Published evidence thus far involves only small groups of patients with short-term followup. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the emerging mid-term clinical and radiographic results from our center. Materials and Methods: We describe our single-surgeon experience of 63 components in 48 patients at a mean followup of 44 months. Patient satisfaction was assessed by questionnaire and radiographic assessment performed immediately post operatively and at the latest followup. Results: Mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Hallux score increased from 56 to 72 ( p >0.01) and mean satisfaction score was 7.6 (scale 1–10). Sixty-seven percent reported minimal or no pain. Five implants have been removed (8%), four because of pain associated with implant loosening and subsidence, and one because of deep infection. Fifty-seven percent of metatarsal and 56% of phalangeal components had subsided and we found radiographic evidence of loosening in 58% of X-rays analyzed at latest followup. Prosthetic subsidence was associated with greater margin of uncovered bone under the prosthesis ( p = 0.05 for metatarsal, p = 0.03 for proximal phalanx component) and longer followup ( p >0.001). Conclusion: In spite of the good clinical outcome at the mid-term stage with 91% implant survival, given the widespread loosening and subsidence encountered in our study, the long-term outcome following this procedure is uncertain. Level of Evidence: III, Prospective, Case Control Study
Incidence of Pulmonary Embolism Following Surgical Treatment of Metatarsal Fractures
Authors: SooHoo Nelson F. , Farng Eugene , Zingmond David S. 
Published: July 2010

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the rates of readmission to the hospital for pulmonary embolism following open reduction and internal fixation of metatarsal fractures using observational, population-based data from all inpatient admissions in California over an 11-year period. Materials and Methods: We identified patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation of a metatarsal fracture in the years 1995 to 2005 as inpatients using California's discharge database. The outcomes analyzed included readmission within 90 days of surgery for pulmonary embolism. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the impact of patient factors such as age, race/ethnicity and gender in predicting the rates of thromboembolic disease. Results: A total of 1,477 metatarsal ORIF procedures were performed as inpatients during the study period. We identified four patients (0.27%) readmitted with pulmonary embolism within 90 days of their initial ORIF procedure. There were three (0.20%) cases of mortality, none of which occurred in the four patients readmitted with pulmonary embolism. Given the low incidence, we did not identify age, gender, or race/ethnicity as statistically significant predictors of a higher risk of thromboembolic disease. Conclusion: The rate of readmission for pulmonary embolism was low. This suggests that the routine use of thromboprophylaxis may not be necessary for isolated metatarsal fractures to prevent pulmonary embolism. Level of Evidence: II, Prognostic Study
Open Versus Closed Treatment of the Fibula in Maissoneuve Injuries
Authors: Pelton Kevin , Thordarson David B. , Barnwell Jonathan 
Published: July 2010

Background: Masissoneuve fractures of the proximal half of the fibula are infrequently reported with only a few reports existing recommending closed reduction of the syndesmosis and percutaneous syndesmotic fixation. The purpose of this study was to compare the reduction obtained with open and closed reduction techniques of the fibular fracture with screw fixation of the syndesmosis. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients with acute displaced fibula fractures in the proximal one-half with syndesmotic disruption were enrolled in the study. One orthopedic traumatology team at the time of the study routinely treated these injuries with open reduction of the fibular fracture site with screw fixation of the syndesmosis. The other orthopedic traumatology service routinely treated these patients with a closed reduction of the syndesmosis and percutaneous syndesmotic screw fixation. All syndesmotic injuries were treated with two stainless steel screws. Postoperative reduction was analyzed with a CT scan and plain radiographs to assess rotation, AP translation of the distal fibula, medial and lateral joint space (talofibular space), talocrural angle and superior ankle joint space. Control data from 20 normal ankle CT scans collected in a previous study were used for comparison. Results: There were eight patients in the closed group and four in the open treatment group. A statistically significant difference in the reduction of the syndesmosis was found with the open group showing anatomic or near anatomic reductions in all patients while the closed fibular reduction group showed variable reductions. The talocrural angle was 12.8 degrees in the open group and 9.9 degrees in the closed group. Conclusion: Proximal fibular fractures with syndesmotic disruption can be difficult to treat, especially with closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of the syndesmosis. In this limited series of patients, we found an unacceptable rate of malreduction with closed reduction and percutaneouso fixation and have now abandoned this technique. Level of Evidence: III, Retrosepctive Case Control Study
An evaluation of candidate plant DNA barcodes and assignment methods in diagnosing 29 species in the genus Agalinis (Orobanchaceae)
Authors: Pettengill James B. , Neel Maile C. 
Published: July 2010

• Premise of the study: DNA barcoding has been proposed as a useful technique within many disciplines (e.g., conservation biology and forensics) for determining the taxonomic identity of a sample based on nucleotide similarity to samples of known taxonomy. Application of DNA barcoding to plants has primarily focused on evaluating the success of candidate barcodes across a broad spectrum of evolutionary divergence. Less attention has been paid to evaluating performance when distinguishing congeners or to differential success of analytical techniques despite the fact that the practical application and utility of barcoding hinges on the ability to distinguish closely related species.• Methods: We tested the ability to distinguish among 92 samples representing 29 putative species in the genus Agalinis (Orobanchaceae) using 13 candidate barcodes and three analytical methods (i.e., threshold genetic distances, hierarchical tree‐based, and diagnostic character differences). Due to questions regarding evolutionary distinctiveness of some taxa, we evaluated success under two taxonomic hypotheses.• Key results: The psbA‐trnH and trnT‐trnL barcodes in conjunction with the “best close match” distance‐based method best met the objectives of DNA barcoding. Success was also a function of the taxonomy used.• Conclusions: In addition to accurately identifying query sequences, our results showed that DNA barcoding is useful for detecting taxonomic uncertainty; determining whether erroneous taxonomy or incomplete lineage sorting is the cause requires additional information provided by traditional taxonomic approaches. The magnitude of differentiation within and among the Agalinis species sampled suggests that our results inform how DNA barcoding will perform among closely related species in other genera.
Ecological genetics of the Bromus tectorum (Poaceae)–Ustilago bullata (Ustilaginaceae) pathosystem: A role for frequency‐dependent selection?
Authors: Meyer Susan E. , Nelson David L. , Clement Suzette , Ramakrishnan Alisa 
Published: July 2010

• Premise of the study: Evolutionary processes that maintain genetic diversity in plants are likely to include selection imposed by pathogens. Negative frequency‐dependent selection is a mechanism for maintenance of resistance polymorphism in plant–pathogen interactions. We explored whether such selection operates in the Bromus tectorum–Ustilago bullata pathosystem. Gene‐for‐gene relationships between resistance and avirulence loci have been demonstrated for this pathosystem.• Methods: We used molecular markers and cross‐inoculation trials to learn whether the SSR genotypes of the host exhibited resistance to co‐occurring pathogen races, whether host genotypes within a population had equal disease probability, and whether a common resistance locus and its corresponding avirulence locus exhibited predicted allele frequency changes during an epidemic.• Key results: Five of six putative resistance loci that conferred resistance to co‐occurring pathogen races occurred in common host SSR genotypes. Some common genotypes within populations were more likely to be diseased than others, and genotype frequencies sometimes changed across years in patterns consistent with frequency‐dependent selection. Observed changes in frequency of resistance and virulence alleles during an epidemic provided further support, but evidence was inconclusive.• Conclusions: Frequency‐dependent selection may operate at endemic disease levels in this pathosystem, but is difficult to detect because many susceptible plants escape infection. Most pathogen isolates were virulent on most host genotypes, minimizing the apparent importance of frequency‐dependent selection even during epidemics.
Species‐specificity of nurse plants for the establishment, survivorship, and growth of a columnar cactus
Authors: Landero Juan Pablo Castillo , Valiente‐Banuet Alfonso 
Published: July 2010

• Premise of the study: Seedling establishment and early survivorship are crucial steps for the regeneration of plant populations because both have long‐lasting effects on plant population dynamics. For species recruiting through facilitation, species‐specific facilitative effects might affect early fitness, an overlooked aspect in studies of facilitation considering groups of nurse species.• Methods: We experimentally evaluated the roles of 10 nurse species and open space on the early performance of the columnar cactus Neobuxbaumia mezcalaensis. We measured establishment, survivorship, and growth of individuals over 3 years. Moreover, to study an extended period of the ontogeny of the interaction between this cactus and its nurse plants, we also monitored survivorship and growth rates of individuals between 3 to 12 cm tall during a 3‐year period.• Key results: Neobuxbaumia mezcalaensis performance varied significantly among nurse species, and only six yielded positive effects on early fitness. Densely canopied plants were the best nurses for this cactus. However, even among densely canopied species, some produced negative effects on the early fitness of N. mezcalaensis, indicating that similar nurse plants may elicit either facilitative or interference effects on beneficiary species.• Conclusions: Our results emphasize the importance of species‐specific facilitative interactions in the crucial early stages in the life cycle of N. mezcalaensis and how different nurse species modify the effect of seed‐rain and contribute significantly to the population dynamics of the species.
Alternative Adaptive Immunity in Jawless Vertebrates
Authors: Herrin Brantley R. , Cooper Max D. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Jawless vertebrates use variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) that are generated by RAG-independent combinatorial assembly of leucine-rich repeat cassettes for Ag recognition, instead of the Ig-based Ag receptors used by jawed vertebrates. The VLR genes encode for crescent-shaped proteins that use variable β-strands and a C-terminal loop to bind to Ags rather than the six CDR loops used by BCRs and TCRs. VLR mAbs have been isolated recently, which enabled the structure of VLR–Ag complexes to be defined. The jawless vertebrate adaptive immune system has many similarities to the Ig-based system of jawed vertebrates, including the compartmentalized development of B-like and T-like lymphocyte lineages that proliferate and differentiate into VLR-secreting plasmacytes and proinflammatory cytokine-producing cells in response to Ags. The definition of common features of the VLR-based and Ig-based systems offers fresh insight into the evolution of adaptive immunity.
Proinflammatory Clearance of Apoptotic Neutrophils Induces an IL-12lowIL-10high Regulatory Phenotype in Macrophages
Authors: Filardy Alessandra A. , Pires Dayana R. , Nunes Marise P. , Takiya Christina M. , Freire-de-Lima Celio G. , Ribeiro-Gomes Flavia L. , DosReis George A. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Clearance of apoptotic exudate neutrophils (efferocytosis) induces either pro- or anti-inflammatory responses in mouse macrophages depending on host genetic background. In this study, we investigated whether neutrophil efferocytosis induces a stable macrophage phenotype that could be recalled by late restimulation with LPS. Bone marrow-derived macrophages previously stimulated by pro- but not anti-inflammatory neutrophil efferocytosis expressed a regulatory/M2b phenotype characterized by low IL-12 and high IL-10 production following restimulation, increased expression of LIGHT/TNF superfamily 14, Th2-biased T cell responses, and permissive replication of Leishmania major. Induction of regulatory/M2b macrophages required neutrophil elastase activity and was partially dependent on TLR4 signaling. These results suggested that macrophage differentiation to a regulatory phenotype plays a role in resolution of inflammation but could contribute to increased humoral Ab responses and parasite persistence in the infected host.
Prevalência de anemia em escolares de escolas públicas de Maringá-PR, 2008
Authors: Nishida Fernanda Shizue , Uchimura Taqueco Teruya , Szarfarc Sophia Cornbluth , Bossato Tiago Flora , Carvalho Nahida Ajala , Uchimura Nelson Shozo 
Published: July 2010

A anemia é um problema de saúde pública que afeta tanto países desenvolvidos quanto os em desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi de estimar a prevalência de anemia em crianças que ingressaram no primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental das escolas públicas do município de Maringá-PR, no ano de 2008 e os fatores associados à sua ocorrência. Estudo transversal realizado nas 57 escolas públicas de Maringá-PR, com população amostral probabilística constituída de 371 escolares. A dosagem de hemoglobina (Hb) foi feita pelo HemoCue, e a anemia classificada pelo critério estabelecido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, Hb <11,5g/dL. Foram realizadas análises univariada e multivariada com regressão logística para as variáveis relacionadas ao evento. A prevalência da anemia foi de 39,3%. Foi verificada associação significativa entre anemia e número de filhos, verificando-se que em famílias com mais de 3 filhos a criança tem 8,6 vezes mais chance de ter a doença quando comparada à outras famílias. A prevalência da anemia nos escolares ingressantes foi elevada no município, evidenciando a necessidade de implementação e adoção de ações efetivas para sua prevenção e controle.
Descritores: Anemia Ferropriva; Saúde Escolar; Epidemiologia; Enfermagem.
Weekly work hours and stress complaints of workers in Korea
Authors: Park Jungsun , Yi Yunjeong , Kim Yangho 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundKoreans typically work long hours. We herein analyze the relationship between the level of working hours and extent of stress complaints.MethodsWe analyzed stress complaints with respect to hours worked per week, as reported by 7,075 subjects, using data from the 2006 First Korean Working Conditions Survey. Subjects were categorized as those working fewer than 40 hr per week (short working hours, SWH); those working 40–47 hr per week (intermediate working hours, IWH); those working 48–59 hr per week (long working hours, LWH); or those working at least 60 hr per week (very long working hours, VLWH).ResultsMale subjects with IWH had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.74 for stress complaints compared to subjects with SWH (95% CI 0.53–1.04), whereas OR = 0.72 (95% CI 0.52–1.02) for stress complaints among females, comparing IWH and SWH. Males with LWH had OR = 1.15 (95% CI 0.82–1.60) for stress complaints compared to subjects with SWH, whereas the OR for females for stress complaints was 1.11 (95% CI 0.79–1.55). Male subjects with VLWH had OR = 1.72 (95% CI 1.24–2.41) for stress complaints compare to those with SWH, whereas for the female workers the OR was 1.35 (95% CI 0.93–1.98).ConclusionAmong males, VLWH are associated with a significant increase in stress, compared with SWH. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:1135–1141, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computer modeling study on the phase morphology of PS‐b‐PMMA copolymers
Authors: Mu Dan , Li Jian‐Quan , Wang Song 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe phase morphologies of six kinds of designed poly(styrene‐block‐methyl methacrylate) copolymers were studied at 383, 413, and 443 K by mesoscopic modeling. The values of order parameter depended on both the structures of block copolymers and the simulation temperatures, whereas values of order parameter of the long chains were higher than those of the short ones; temperature showed a more obvious effect on long chains than on the short ones. These plain copolymers doped with PS or PMMA homopolymer showed different order parameter values. When the triblock copolymer was composed of the same component at both ends and was doped with a homopolymer with the same component as that in the middle of triblock copolymer, such as B6A3B6 doped with A3, B12A6B12 doped with A6, A6B12A6 doped with B12, and A3B6A3 doped with B6, it showed the highest order parameter values. The study of copolymers doped with nanoparticles showed that the mesoscopic phase was influenced by not only the properties of the nanoparticles, such as the size and density, but also the compositions of copolymers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
P/2008 T1 (Boattini): Another comet under transition from Saturn to Jupiter
Authors: Hahn G. , Lagerkvist C.‐I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe newly discovered periodic comet P/2008 T1 (Boattini) is found to have experienced a recent capture into its present orbit, following a close approach to Saturn in 1995 to within 0.17 AU. This orbital change transferred the comet into an orbit tangent to that of Jupiter, which lead to an even closer passage within 0.02 AU with that planet in 2003 decoupling it from the influence of Saturn (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)