bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Video‐Assisted Versus Conventional Total Thyroidectomy and Central Compartment Neck Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Lombardi Celestino P. , Raffaelli Marco , De Crea Carmela , Sessa Luca , Rampulla Valentina , Bellantone Rocco 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundAlthough video‐assisted (VA) thyroidectomy emerged as effective treatment for selected patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), some concerns remain about obtaining adequate central neck node clearance. We compared patients who underwent VA and conventional total thyroidectomy (TT) and central compartment dissection (CCD) for PTC.MethodsA total of 52 consecutive patients successfully underwent VA‐TT and VA‐CCD for PTC (VA group) were compared to 52 controls who underwent conventional TT and CCD (C group) for PTC.ResultsThe two groups were matched for age (p = 0.75), sex (p = 0.07), and tumor size (p = 1.0). Operating time (p = 0.23), overall postoperative complications (p = 0.41), pT (p = 0.44), and pN (p = 0.84) were similar in the two groups. The mean number of removed nodes was similar (10.6 ± 4.6 in VA group vs. 12.2 ± 5.6 in C group) (p = 0.11). Mean postoperative serum thyroglobulin (sTg) off levothyroxine (LT4) suppressive treatment was 3.2 ± 5.0 ng/ml in the VA group and 2.6 ± 7.4 ng/ml in the C‐group (P = 0.67). Mean postoperative radioiodine uptake (RAIU) was similar in the two groups (1.5 ± 1.3 vs. 1.7 ± 1.3%) (p = 0.49). When pN1a patients alone were considered, no difference was found between the VA group (21 patients) and the controls (24 patients) concerning the mean number of removed nodes (10.3 ± 4.1 vs. 12.4 ± 5.6) (p = 0.16), the mean sTg off LT4 (4.4 ± 6.0 vs. 1.9 ± 2.7 ng/ml) (p = 0.07) and the mean RAIU (1.9 ± 1.5 vs. 1.7% ± 1.3%) (p = 0.63).ConclusionsThe results of VA‐TT and CCD in selected cases of PTC appear to be comparable to those of conventional surgery. A longer follow‐up and larger series are necessary to draw definitive conclusions concerning long‐term outcomes.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Diacylglycerols Enriched with Conjugated Linoleic Acid by a Novel Lipase from Malassezia globosa
Authors: Xu Da , Sun Lijuan , Chen Huayong , Lan Dongming , Wang Yonghua , Yang Bo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDiacylglycerols (DAG) of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were prepared by esterification of glycerol with fatty acids enriched with CLA (FFA–CLA, >95%) in the presence of a novel lipase from Malassezia globosa (SMG1). Lipase SMG1 is strictly specific to mono‐ and diacylglycerols but not triacylglycerols, which is similar to the properties of lipase from Penicillium camembertii (lipase G 50), but lipase SMG1 showed preference on the production of DAG with the reaction proceeding. Low temperature was beneficial for the conversion of FFA–CLA into acylglycerols, the degree of esterification reached 93.0% when the temperature was 5 °C. The maximum DAG content (53.4%) was achieved at 25 °C. The rate of DAG synthesis increased as the enzyme loading increased. However, at lipase amounts above 240 U/g mixtures, no significant increases in DAG concentration were observed. The molar ratio of FFA–CLA to glycerol and initial water content were optimized to be 1:3 (mol/mol) and 3%. Lipase SMG1 showed no regioselectivity because the contents of 1,3‐DAG and 1,2‐DAG were 43.1% and 21.2% based on total content of acylglycerols. By calculating the ratio of 9c, 11t‐CLA to 10t, 12c‐CLA, it was indicated that lipase SMG1 showed a little preference to 10t, 12c‐CLA at the sn‐1(3) position of monoacylglycerols (MAG), while no selectivity for 9c, 11t‐CLA at the sn‐2 position of DAG was obviously found.
Gendered pathways in school burnout among adolescents
Authors: Salmela‐Aro Katariina , Tynkkynen Lotta 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to examine differences in student burnout by gender, time status with two time points before and after an educational transition, and educational track (academic vs. vocational). The definition of burnout is based on three components: exhaustion due to school demands, a disengaged and cynical attitude toward school, and feelings of inadequacy as a student (Salmela‐Aro, Kiuru, Leskinen, & Nurmi, 2009). A total of 770 Finnish adolescents (M age = 16) were examined at the beginning of their last year in comprehensive school, and three times annually during their secondary education both on academic and vocational tracks. Among boys on the academic track, overall school burnout and its three components, exhaustion, cynicism and inadequacy, increased, whereas among boys on the vocational track, no changes in school burnout emerged. Among girls on the academic track, overall school burnout and inadequacy increased, whereas among girls on the vocational track, cynicism decreased. Finally, school burnout was highest among girls on the academic track, but increased most among boys on the academic track.
Do peers matter? A review of peer and/or friends’ influence on physical activity among American adolescents
Authors: Fitzgerald Amanda , Fitzgerald Noelle , Aherne Cian 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThis systematic review investigated the relationship between peer and/or friend variables and physical activity among adolescents by synthesising cross‐sectional, longitudinal, and experimental research conducted in the US. Seven electronic databases were searched to identify related articles published within the last 10 years and the articles reviewed included adolescents between 10 and 18 years. Studies reporting a measure of physical activity for adolescents and at least one potential peer and/or friend variable were included. Research demonstrated that peers and friends have an important role to play in the physical activity behavior of adolescents. Six processes were identified through which peers and/or friends may have an influence on physical activity including: peer and/or friend support, presence of peers and friends, peer norms, friendship quality and acceptance, peer crowds, and peer victimization. The theoretical significance of these results is assessed and the development of peer‐related physical activity programs for adolescents is discussed.
European Psychiatric Association (EPA) guidance on prevention of mental disorders
Authors: Campion J. , Bhui K. , Bhugra D. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThere is considerable evidence that various psychiatric conditions can be prevented through the implementation of effective evidence-based interventions. Since a large proportion of lifetime mental illness starts before adulthood, such interventions are particularly important during childhood and adolescence. Prevention is important for the sustainable reduction of the burden of mental disorder since once it has arisen, treatment can only reduce a relatively small proportion of such burden. The challenge for clinicians is to incorporate such interventions into non-clinical and clinical practice as well as engaging with a range of other service providers including public health. Similar strategies can be employed in both the European and global contexts. Promotion of mental well-being can prevent mental disorder but is also important in the recovery from mental disorder. This guidance should be read in conjunction with theEPA Guidance on Mental Health Promotion. This guidance draws on preparatory work for the development of England policy on prevention of mental disorder which used a wide range of sources.
Controls, service type and perceived supplier performance in interfirm service exchanges
Authors: Stouthuysen Kristof , Slabbinck Hendrik , Roodhooft Filip 
Published: January 2012

AbstractControl offers a critical differentiator between successful and failed interfirm service exchanges. The application of informal control to improve supplier performance has been well established, but the effect of formal control appears profoundly equivocal. This study proposes that the actual effect of formal control depends on its mode (output vs. behavior) and its relationship with the service type (mass vs. professional) and informal control. With survey data from 252 service buying organizations, the results indicate that output control interacts with service type to determine perceived supplier performance (PSP). Buyers’ reliance on high output control has a positive effect on PSP in mass service exchanges; this effect becomes negative in professional service exchanges. The effect of the interaction of behavior control and service type also depends on the presence of informal control. Buyers’ reliance on high behavior control exerts a more positive effect on PSP in professional service exchanges than in mass service exchanges, but only in the presence of informal control. These findings have key implications for both theory and practice.
Primärprävention von sturzbedingten Hüftfrakturen bei Bewohnern von Pflegeheimen in Bayern
Authors: Rapp Kilian , König Hans-Helmut , Becker Clemens 
Published: January 2012

Einleitung
Das hier vorgestellte Projekt untersuchte, inwieweit ein landesweit angelegtes Sturzpräventionsprogramms in Pflegeheimen die Inzidenz hüftnaher Frakturen verminderte, welche Kosten damit verbunden waren und welche Beteiligungsraten am Trainingsprogramm vorlagen.
Computational Identification of Sweet Wormwood (Artemisia Annua) microRNA and Their mRNA Targets
Authors: Pani Alok , Mahapatra Rajani Kanta , Behera Niranjan , Naik Pradeep Kumar 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Despite its efficacy against malaria, the relatively low yield (0.01%-0.8%) of artemisinin in Artemisia annua is a serious limitation to the commercialization of the drug. A better understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of artemisinin and its regulation by both exogenous and endogenous factors is essential to improve artemisinin yield. Increasing evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play multiple roles in various biological processes. In this study, we used previously known miRNAs from Arabidopsis and rice against expressed sequence tag (EST) database of A. annua to search for potential miRNAs and their targets in A. annua. A total of six potential miRNAs were predicted, which belong to the miR414 and miR1310 families. Furthermore, eight potential target genes were identified in this species. Among them, seven genes encode proteins that play important roles in artemisinin biosynthesis, including HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR), amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS), farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPS) and cytochrome P450. In addition, a gene coding for putative AINTEGUMENTA, which is involved in signal transduction and development, was also predicted as one of the targets. This is the first in silico study to indicate that miRNAs target genes encoding enzymes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis, which may help to understand the miRNA-mediated regulation of artemisinin biosynthesis in A. annua.
Representability of derived stacks
Authors: Pridham J.P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLurie's representability theorem gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a functor to be an almost finitely presented derived geometric stack. We establish several variants of Lurie's theorem, making the hypotheses easier to verify for many applications. Provided a derived analogue of Schlessinger's condition holds, the theorem reduces to verifying conditions on the underived part and on cohomology groups. Another simplification is that functors need only be defined on nilpotent extensions of discrete rings. Finally, there is a pre-representability theorem, which can be applied to associate explicit geometric stacks to dg-manifolds and related objects.
Low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation improved extra-hepatic vitamin K status, but had no effect on thrombin generation in healthy subjects
Authors: Theuwissen Elke , Cranenburg Ellen C. , Knapen Marjo H. , Magdeleyns Elke J. , Teunissen Kirsten J. , Schurgers Leon J. , Smit Egbert , Vermeer Cees 
Published: January 2012

Vitamin K is required for the carboxylation of Gla-proteins in the liver (coagulation factors) and extra-hepatic tissues, such as bone (osteocalcin, OC), and arterial wall (matrix Gla-protein, MGP). Although the coagulation factors are essentially fully carboxylated under normal conditions, 10–40 % of OC and MGP remains undercarboxylated. We were therefore interested to study the dose–response effects of extra intake of menaquinones on the carboxylation of the extra-hepatic Gla-proteins. A total of forty-two healthy Dutch men and women aged between 18 and 45 years were randomised into seven groups to receive: placebo capsules or menaquinone-7 (MK-7) capsules at a daily dose of 10, 20, 45, 90, 180 or 360 μg. Circulating uncarboxylated OC (ucOC), carboxylated OC (cOC) and desphospho-uncarboxylated MGP were measured by ELISA. The ucOC:cOC ratio was calculated from circulating ucOC and cOC values. Endogenous thrombin potential and peak height were determined by calibrated automated thrombography. To increase the statistical power, we collapsed the treatment groups into three dosage groups: placebo, low-dose supplementation (doses below RDA, Commission Directive 2008/100/EC), and high-dose supplementation (doses around RDA, Commission Directive 2008/100/EC). MK-7 supplementation at doses in the order of the RDA (Commission Directive 2008/100/EC) increased the carboxylation of circulating OC and MGP. No adverse effects on thrombin generation were observed. Extra MK-7 intake at nutritional doses around the RDA (Commission Directive 2008/100/EC) improved the carboxylation of the extra-hepatic vitamin K-dependent proteins. Whether this improvement contributes to public health, i.e. increasing the protection against age-related diseases needs further investigation in specifically designed intervention trials.
Lab support for strong reciprocity is weak: Punishing for reputation rather than cooperation
Authors: Shaw Alex , Santos Laurie 
Published: January 2012

AbstractStrong reciprocity is not the only account that can explain costly punishment in the lab; it can also be explained by reputation-based accounts. We discuss these two accounts and suggest what kinds of evidence would support the two different alternatives. We conclude that the current evidence favors a reputation-based account of costly punishment.
Parasite stress, ethnocentrism, and life history strategy
Authors: Figueredo Aurelio José , Gladden Paul Robert , Black Candace Jasmine 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFincher & Thornhill (F&T) present a compelling argument that parasite stress underlies certain cultural practices promoting assortative sociality. However, we suggest that the theoretical framework proposed is limited in several ways, and that life history theory provides a more explanatory and inclusive framework, making more specific predictions about the trade-offs faced by organisms in the allocation of bioenergetic and material resources.
The evolution and development of human social systems requires more than parasite-stress avoidance explanation
Authors: Grotuss Jason 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFincher & Thornhill (F&T) present a model of in-group assortative sociality resulting from differing levels of parasite-stress in differing geographical locations in the United States and the world. Their model, while compelling, overlooks some important issues, such as mutualistic associations with parasites that are beneficial to humans and how some religious practices increase parasite risk.
Coping with germs and people: Investigating the link between pathogen threat and human social cognition
Authors: Navarrete Carlos David 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGroup assortative biases are stronger in regions where pathogen stress has been historically prevalent. Pushing the logic of this approach, extensions should include investigations of how cultural norms related to prosociality and relational striving may also covary with regional pathogen stress. Likewise, the pan-specific observation that diseased animals show decreased motor activity to facilitate recovery suggests that norms relevant to sickness behaviors may also vary as a function of regional parasite stress.
Experiments combining communication with punishment options demonstrate how individuals can overcome social dilemmas
Authors: Ostrom Elinor 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGuala raises important questions about the misinterpretation of experimental studies that have found that subjects engage in costly punishment. Instead of positing that punishment is the solution for social dilemmas, earlier research posited that when individuals facing a social dilemma agreed on their own rules and used graduated sanctions, they were more likely to have robust solutions over time.
Parasite stress is not so critical to the history of religions or major modern group formations
Authors: Atran Scott 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFincher & Thornhill's (F&T's) central hypothesis is that strong in-group norms were formed in part to foster parochial social alliances so as to enable cultural groups to adaptively respond to parasite stress. Applied to ancestral hominid environments, the story fits with evolutionary theory and the fragmentary data available on early hominid social formations and their geographical distributions. Applied to modern social formations, however, the arguments and inferences from data are problematic.
Costs and benefits in hunter-gatherer punishment
Authors: Boehm Christopher 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHunter-gatherer punishment involves costs and benefits to individuals and groups, but the costs do not necessarily fit with the assumptions made in models that consider punishment to be altruistic – which brings in the free-rider problem and the problem of second-order free-riders. In this commentary, I present foragers' capital punishment patterns ethnographically, in the interest of establishing whether such punishment is likely to be costly; and I suggest that in many cases abstentions from punishment that might be taken as defections by free-riders are actually caused by social-structural considerations rather than being an effect of free-rider genes. This presentation of data supplements the ethnographic analysis provided by Guala.
Verbs and attention to relational roles in English and Tamil
Authors: SETHURAMAN NITYA , SMITH LINDA B. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTEnglish-learning children have been shown to reliably use cues from argument structure in learning verbs. However, languages pair overtly expressed arguments with verbs to varying extents, raising the question of whether children learning all languages expect the same, universal mapping between arguments and relational roles. Three experiments examined this question by asking how strongly early-learned verbs by themselves,without their corresponding explicitly expressed arguments, point to ‘conceptual arguments’ – the relational roles in a scene. Children aged two to four years and adult speakers of two languages that differ structurally in terms of whether the arguments of a verb are explicitly expressed more (English) or less (Tamil) frequently were compared in their mapping of verbs, presented without any overtly expressed arguments, to a range of scenes. The results suggest different developmental trajectories for language learners, as well as different patterns of adult interpretation, and offer new ways of thinking about the nature of verbs cross-linguistically.
Mothers' frontal EEG asymmetry in response to infant emotion states and mother–infant emotional availability, emotional experience, and internalizing symptoms
Authors: Killeen Lauren A. , Teti Douglas M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study examined the links between mothers' frontal EEG asymmetry at rest and during videos of their 5- to 8-month-old infants expressing three emotion states (joy, anger/distress, and neutral interest), mother–infant emotional availability (EA) in the home, mothers' depressive and anxious symptoms, and mothers' emotional experience in response to infant emotion cues. Greater relative right frontal activity at rest was associated with greater maternal anxiety, but was unrelated to EA or mother-reported emotional experience in response to infant emotion cues. A shift toward greater relative right frontal activation in response to infant emotional stimuli was associated with lower maternal anxiety, greater mother–infant EA, and mothers' experience of sadness, concern, irritability, and the absence of joy in response to seeing their own infant in distress. These findings suggest that mothers' in the moment empathetic responding to their infant's emotions, indexed by a shift in frontal EEG asymmetry in response to infant emotional displays, is related to mother–infant EA in the home. Implications for conceptualizing parenting risk are discussed.
Emotional availability, attachment, and intervention in center-based child care for infants and toddlers
Authors: Biringen Zeynep , Altenhofen Shannon , Aberle Jennifer , Baker Megan , Brosal Aubrey , Bennett Sera , Coker Ellen , Lee Carly , Meyer Beatrice , Moorlag Albertha , Swaim Randall 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAccording to data from the 1997 NICHD Study of Child Care, center-based child care can have deleterious effects on children's social–emotional development. We hypothesized that training child care professionals to develop positive relationships with children in their care would improve the quality of center-based child care. Thirty-three professional caregiver–child pairs participated in the intervention group and 24 professional caregiver–child pairs were assigned to a care as usual comparison group. The intervention consisted of an informational and a practice component with an emotional availability (EA) coach. The infants and toddlers (ages 11 to 23 months) in the classrooms were enrolled in the project only if they spent at least 20 hr per week in center-based care. The measures included were (a) the EA Scales, (b) the Attachment Q-Sort, and (c) the Classroom Interaction Scale. The intervention group professional caregiver–child relationships showed improvements on the EA Scales, Attachment Q-Sort, and the Classroom Interaction Scale from pre- to posttest, compared to the comparison group, who showed some decrements over a comparable period of time.
Postadoption parenting and socioemotional development in postinstitutionalized children
Authors: Garvin Melissa C. , Tarullo Amanda R. , Van Ryzin Mark , Gunnar Megan R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractChildren adopted from institutions (e.g., orphanages) overseas are at increased risk of disturbances in social relationships and social understanding. Not all postinstitutionalized children exhibit these problems, although factors like the severity of deprivation and duration of deprivation increase their risk. To date, few studies have examined whether postadoption parenting might moderate the impact of early adverse care. Three groups were studied: postinstitutionalized and foster care children both adopted internationally and nonadopted children reared in their families of origin. The Emotional Availability (EA) Scales were assessed at 18 months in parent–child dyads. Parent emotional availability was found to predict two aspects of social functioning shown in previous studies to be impaired in postinstitutionalized children. Specifically, EA positively correlated with emotion understanding at 36 months; in interaction with initiation of joint attention at 18 months and group, it predicted indiscriminate friendliness as scored from a parent attachment interview at 30 months. Among the postinstitutionalized children but not among the children in other groups, higher EA scores reduced the negative association between initiation of joint attention and indiscriminate friendliness, thus suggesting that parenting quality may moderate the effects of early institutional deprivation.