bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic stress is linked to a deficit in associative episodic memory
Authors: Guez Jonathan , Naveh‐Benjamin Moshe , Yankovsky Yan , Cohen Jonathan , Shiber Asher , Shalev Hadar 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIndividuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are haunted by persistent memories of the trauma, but ironically are impaired in memories of daily life. The current set of 4 experiments compared new learning and memory of emotionally neutral content in 2 groups of patients and aged‐ and education‐matched controls: 20 patients diagnosed with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (C‐PTSD) and 20 patients diagnosed with acute stress disorder (ASD). In all experiments, participants studied a list of stimuli pairs (words or pictures) and were then tested for their memory of the items, or for the association between items in each pair. Results indicated that both types of patients showed associative memory impairment compared to a control group, although their item memory performance was relatively intact. Potential mechanisms underlying such associative memory deficits in posttraumatic patients are discussed.
Recruitment patterns of side population cells during wound healing in rat vocal folds
Authors: Gugatschka Markus , Kojima Tsuyoshi , Ohno Satoshi , Kanemaru Shin‐ichi , Hirano Shigeru 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Despite big advances in understanding the mechanisms of wound healing in vocal fold injury, it still remains unclear which are the decisive factors that lead to a complete restoration or to scarring. Among several other factors, stem cells are believed to play an important role in vocal fold restoration. Side population (SP) cells are considered to contain high numbers of stem cells and have gained great interest in the tissue engineering community. The aim of the following study was to investigate the recruitment pattern of SP cells in a rat vocal fold injury model.Study Design:Experimental animal study.Methods:Unilateral vocal fold scarring was performed in Sprague Dawley rats. Larynges were harvested 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 35 days after initial injury and were examined immunohistochemically for the presence of SP cells. This was done in coronal sections of the posterior and anterior macula flava as well as in the midportion of the vocal fold investigating the lamina propria.Results:The number of SP cells peaked significantly after 7 days in the midportion of injured vocal folds, with a return to pre‐injury levels after 14 days. No increase was detected throughout the observed time in the contralateral side. The number of SP cells increased slightly but not significantly in both anterior and posterior macula flava.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that SP cells may play an important role in early vocal fold wound healing and may serve as a possible therapeutic target.
The frontal intersinus septum takedown procedure
Authors: Reh Douglas D. , Melvin Thuy‐Anh N. , Bolger William E. , Lane Andrew P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Unilateral frontal sinus obstruction presents a surgical challenge when outflow tract osteoneogenesis or dense scarring is present. Frontal sinus obliteration is often employed as a last resort, but this procedure has potential long‐term complications. In some cases, endoscopic modified Lothrop or unilateral drillout procedures may be effective options; however, restenosis rates are often high. Here we report our experience using frontal intersinus septum takedown (FISST) to address unilateral obstruction while preserving the opposite frontal outflow tract.Study Design:A retrospective review was performed of 12 patients with unilateral frontal sinus opacification due to irreversible frontal recess obstruction who underwent FISST. Surgical outcomes were assessed based on symptoms and computed tomography (CT) resolution of frontal sinus disease.Results:All 12 patients undergoing FISST had significant improvement in their symptoms. Ten postoperative CT scans were available for review, all showing continued patency of the interfrontal connection, and nine out of 10 with resolution of radiographic frontal sinus disease. Eleven of the procedures were performed via trephination, and one was achieved endoscopically.Conclusions:In patients with one obstructed frontal sinus and a functional contralateral sinus, removal of the intersinus septum allows for adequate sinus drainage and significant clinical improvement. The success of FISST may be surprising given knowledge of mucociliary clearance patterns, but may be effective because of the naturally dependent position of the frontal sinus ostium.
Robotic facelift thyroidectomy: I. Preclinical simulation and morphometric assessment
Authors: Singer Michael C. , Seybt Melanie W. , Terris David J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives:Robotic thyroidectomy was introduced in the United States despite scant preclinical data. We pursued a systematic preclinical investigation of a new remote access, robotic thyroidectomy technique via a facelift incision, and sought to define differences in extent of dissection associated with this approach and a second, popular robotic thyroidectomy technique.Design:Surgical simulation and morphometric analysis in fresh human cadavers.Methods:Eleven specimens were obtained to complete four experiments designed to address two specific aims: to develop a reproducible surgical protocol for robotic removal of the thyroid through a facelift incision, and to quantify the extent of dissection required with two robotic thyroidectomy techniques.Results:The feasibility of the facelift approach was determined using an endoscopic technique, and two lobectomies were accomplished. Inanimate study of the optimal robotic positioning to facilitate resection was then completed. Three additional cadavers were used to develop a reproducible surgical protocol and define a stepwise algorithm of dissection. Seven specimens were used to simulate 28 robotic thyroidectomy dissection pockets. The mean area of dissection required for robotic facelift thyroidectomy was 39.2 ± 6.6 cm2 compared with 63.5 ± 9.6 cm2 for robotic axillary thyroidectomy, representing a difference of 38.3% (P < .0001).Conclusions:We have described and refined a reproducible surgical protocol for accomplishing a new robotic facelift thyroidectomy, and then quantified the reduced dissection required when comparing it with a transaxillary technique. Cautious clinical implementation to explore safety and feasibility appears to be justified.
A Poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐Poly(L‐glutamic acid) Diblock Copolymer with Improved Cell Adhesion for Surface Modification
Authors: Cao Bin , Yan Shifeng , Zhang Kunxi , Song Zhijiang , Cao Tian , Chen Xuesi , Cui Lei , Yin Jingbo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA novel PAA‐b‐PLGA diblock copolymer is synthesized and characterized that has excellent cell adhesion and biocompatibility. Fluorescent DiO labeling is used to monitor the attachment and growth of hASCs on the film surface, and cell proliferation over time is studied. Results show that PLLA modified by a CS/PAA‐b‐PLGA multilayer film can promote the attachment of human hASCs and provide an advantageous environment for their proliferation. The multilayer film presents excellent biocompatibility and cell adhesive properties, which will provide a new choice for improving the cell attachment in surface modification for tissue engineering. Hydroxyl, carboxyl and amine groups in the CS/PAA‐b‐PLGA multilayer film may be combined with drugs and growth factors for therapy and differentiation. magnified image
On the Mechanism of the Ring‐Expansion Polymerization of Thiiranes
Authors: Schuetz Jan‐Hendrik , Vana Philipp 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRing polymers are synthesized using a cyclic bifunctional thioester as initiator for REP of thiiranes. PMT yields satisfactory results, whereas polymerization with MT appears to develop dead polymeric material as by‐product and TBMT gives only negligible conversion rates. The process produces high yields and high conversion rates. The corresponding molecular weight distributions show increasing broadening and multimodal character with increasing reaction time due to thermodynamically controlled ring‐merging reactions between macrocycles. The polymerization rate of PMT obeys a pseudo first‐order kinetics with an activation energy of 38.8 kJ mol−1. 1H NMR, ESI‐MS, and glass transition temperatures independent of the molecular weight demonstrate the presence of cyclic polymer. magnified image
Polyurea With L‐Lysinyl Residues as Components: Application to Membrane Separation of Enantiomers
Authors: Hatanaka Makoto , Nishioka Yuki , Yoshikawa Masakazu 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNovel polyureas are synthesized from lysinyl residues. The polyurea thus prepared yields a durable self‐standing membrane that can be converted into a molecular recognition material by using Z‐D‐Glu or Z‐L‐Glu as a print molecule. The Z‐D‐Glu molecularly imprinted membrane adsorbes the D‐isomer of Glu in preference to the corresponding L‐Glu and vice versa. Even though the polyurea consists of L‐lysinyl residues, both Z‐D‐Glu and Z‐L‐Glu work as print molecules to construct molecular (chiral) recognition sites in the membrane. Those molecularly imprinted membranes show chiral separation abilities when a concentration gradient or an applied potential difference is applied as a driving force for membrane transport. magnified image
Fluorescence “Turn‐On” Patterning With Polymers Having Pendant Triphenylmethane Groups as Fluorophore Precursors
Authors: Kim Junwoo , Cho Jaehwa , Lee Jung , Park Kihong , Kim Jong‐Man 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA new methodology for creating patterned fluorescence images was developed based on acrylate polymers that have pendant triphenylmethane derivatives as precursor fluorophores. Photoinduced oxidation of the substituted nonfluorescent triphenylmethane substituents on the polymers results in the generation of fluorescent cationic species. Patterned fluorescence images were obtained when the polymer film was subjected to photomasked UV‐irradiation. The rate of formation and quality of the patterned images were found to be dependent on the nature of substituents on the methane carbon of the triphenylmethane group. Inefficient image formation takes place with the polymer derived from the H‐substituted derivative owing to the inefficient oxidation of the triphenylmethane group. In contrast, photomasked UV‐irradiation of a thin polymer film derived from the CN‐substituted triphenylmethane derivative leads to fast (1 s irradiation, 12 mW · cm−2) and finely resolved patterned fluorescence images. magnified image
A new diagnostic test to distinguish tremulous Parkinson's disease from advanced essential tremor
Authors: Muthuraman Muthuraman , Hossen Abdulnasir , Heute Ulrich , Deuschl Günther , Raethjen Jan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:Clinical distinction between advanced essential tremor and tremulous Parkinson's disease can be difficult.Methods:In selected power spectra of accelerometric postural tremor recordings on the more affected side of 41 patients with essential tremor and 39 patients with tremulous Parkinson's disease being indistinguishable by tremor frequency, peak power or number of harmonic peaks, waveform asymmetry (autocorrelation decay), and mean peak power of all harmonic peaks were computed. Cutoff for essential tremor–Parkinson's disease distinction was determined by receiver operating characteristics. Diagnostic yield was tested in 12 clinically unclear patients with monosymptomatic tremor, subsequently definitively diagnosed with essential tremor (n = 2) or Parkinson's disease (n = 10) by 123‐I FP‐CIT–single‐photon emission computed tomography, fluorodopa‐positron emission tomography, or clinical course.Results:By autocorrelation decay 64%, by mean harmonic peak power 94% (Parkinson's disease > essential tremor) of patients with a definite clinical diagnosis, and 11 of 12 clinically unclear patients were classified correctly.Conclusions:Mean harmonic power is a useful measure to separate clinically difficult cases of advanced essential tremor from tremulous Parkinson's disease. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Radiofrequency pulse designs for three‐dimensional MRI providing uniform tipping in inhomogeneous B1 fields
Authors: Liu Hui , Matson Gerald B. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAlthough high‐field MRI offers increased signal‐to‐noise, the nonuniform tipping produced by conventional radiofrequency (RF) pulses leads to spatially dependent contrast and suboptimal signal‐to‐noise, thus complicating the interpretation of the MR images. For structural imaging, three‐dimensional sequences that do not make use of frequency‐selective RF pulses have become popular. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop non‐slice‐selective (NSS) RF pulses with immunity to both amplitude of (excitation) RF field (B1) inhomogeneity and resonance offset. To accomplish this, an optimization routine based on optimal control theory was used to design new NSS pulses with desired ranges of immunity to B1 inhomogeneity and resonance offset. The design allows the phase of transverse magnetization produced by the pulses to vary. Although the emphasis is on shallow tip designs, new designs for 30°, 60°, 90°, and 180° NSS RF pulses are also provided. These larger tip angle pulses are compared with recently published NSS pulses. Evidence is presented that the pulses presented in this article have equivalent performance but are shorter than the recently published pulses. Although the NSS pulses generate higher specific absorption rates and larger magnetization transfer effects than the rectangular pulses they replace, they nevertheless show promise for three‐dimensional MRI experiments at high field. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo and ex vivo MR imaging of slowly cycling melanoma cells
Authors: Magnitsky S. , Roesch A. , Herlyn M. , Glickson J. D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSlowly cycling cells are believed to play a critical role in tumor progression and metastatic dissemination. The goal of this study was to develop a method for in vivo detection of slowly cycling cells. To distinguish these cells from more rapidly proliferating cells that constitute the vast majority of cells in tumors, we used the well‐known effect of label dilution due to division of cells with normal cycle and retention of contrast agent in slowly dividing cells. To detect slowly cycling cells, melanoma cells were labeled with iron oxide particles. After labeling, we observed dilution of contrast agent in parallel with cell proliferation in the vast majority of normally cycling cells. A small and distinct subpopulation of iron‐retaining cells was detected by flow cytometry after 20 days of in vitro proliferation. These iron‐retaining cells exhibited high expression of a biological marker of slowly cycling cells, JARID1B. After implantation of labeled cells as xenografts into immunocompromised mice, iron‐retaining cells were detected in vivo and ex vivo by magnetic resonance imaging that was confirmed by Prussian Blue staining. Magnetic resonance imaging detects not only iron retaining melanoma cells but also iron positive macrophages. Proposed method opens up opportunities to image subpopulation of melanoma cells, which is critical for continuous tumor growth. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Micromechanical modelling of erosion due to evaporation in a partially wet granular slope
Authors: Gabrieli F. , Lambert P. , Cola S. , Calvetti F. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYSmall quantities of water in a granular slope increase the overall stability and justify the large slope angle which is sometime observable in nature. However, the evaporation usually changes the water content of soil, especially in very shallow layers, leading to a soil strength reduction and the trigger of erosion processes. This work presents some numerical tests simulating a small slope physical model constituted of monosized glass ballotini in a pendular state. After a brief review of the different theories describing the capillary bridge which forms between two spheres and its effects on inter‐particle forces, this paper deals with the implementation of the minimum energy approach within a discrete element model (DEM). Some numerical triaxial tests with different water contents and confinement stresses were performed: the analyses permitted to emphasize the shear strength increase occurring at low water content. Moreover, moving from the observations performed in the physical model, a law relating the evaporation rate with depth and air–water interface was also included in the DEM. Finally, the improved DEM was successfully adopted in the simulation of the erosion process occurring in the physical model: it very well captures the formation of a talus slope profile, typical of the long‐term evolution of granular slopes. The monitoring of soil displacements and suction distribution during the numerical test also allows for the evaluation of erosion mechanisms: for instance, both in experimental and numerical tests, it was observed a rigid displacement at the slope toe after the initial phase of shallow erosion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symposium introduction: Dynamics of governance and civic engagement
Authors: Lee Eliza , Thynne Ian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis Introduction sets the scene for the Symposium. It considers the governance value of civic engagement, along with civic engagement as identifiable modes of governance. Such matters are embraced in the subsequent analyses of significant developments and experience in South Korea, the Philippines, Australia, Hong Kong and China. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Civic engagement, politics and policy in South Korea: Significant developments but a considerable way to go
Authors: Kim Pan Suk 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOpen and inclusive political systems are needed as means of improving democratic performance in an era of democratic governance. A government can benefit from wider public engagement when deliberating, deciding and carrying out public policy. In this article, the focus is on civic engagement in politics and the policy process in South Korea where government, at all levels, now uses a variety of engagement strategies and means. The discussion includes a brief overview of civic engagement, politics and policy. This is followed by an analysis of the growth of civil society and the civil society index in South Korea, and of various means of citizen engagement in the policy process. The overall conclusion is that civil society is relatively well developed with some citizen involvement in the policy process, but that there are still several barriers to participation and thus a considerable way to go in fostering its widespread occurrence and impact. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to win friends and influence people: Civic engagement in the Philippines
Authors: Turner Mark 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Philippines has the most vibrant and largest civil society in Southeast Asia, which engages constantly with government and has achieved some notable successes. This article traces the origins of the main components of this civil society—the numerous non‐governmental organisations (NGOs)—and delineates their differing characteristics. NGO operations are then examined through the use of network analysis. This approach focuses on the relationships linking NGOs to one another and to the multiplicity of other actors in their arenas of operation, particularly government organisations, thus enabling an appreciation of the complex interactions that occur as NGOs negotiate their environments to achieve their goals. Also relevant are the various strategies and tactics used by NGOs to promote their values, ideologies and activities. These include advocacy, research, capacity building, legislative lobbying and protest. Clearly, while the civic engagement of NGOs in the Philippines has been much celebrated, the societal changes they facilitate are typically incremental in nature. They require continued vigilance and action to ensure sustainability in the context of a weak state where the particularistic demands of politicians are prominent and the state lacks capacity to provide the services it promises. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Civic engagement through participatory budgeting in China: Three different logics at work
Authors: He Baogang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article seeks to develop an understanding of participatory budgeting (PB) in China by examining its three distinctive logics—administrative, political reform and citizen empowerment—and how they operate and intertwine. The background to recent PB is outlined, followed by an overview of the three logics, the mapping of PB developments and activities across China, a discussion of various patterns and related characteristics of PB, an evaluation of PB against a number of criteria within the three logics and a consideration of the prospects for PB. The analysis draws on several sources, including newspaper and journal articles, personal involvement in five PB experiments over the last 6 years, and numerous field trips and interviews with national and local officials. The overall conclusion is that, while the administrative logic will remain dominant in PB experiments, the empowering of local People's Congresses will continue to be constrained by the caution of the central leaders and resistance from local governments. Likewise, the empowering of citizens through PB will be limited by government control. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Australian experience: Civic engagement as symbol and substance
Authors: Head Brian W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article outlines how civic engagement has become a distinctive feature of the policy development and review processes of governments in Australia, a federal polity. The patterns of civic engagement are quite variable across policy issues, levels of government and geographical regions. Civic engagement (or community consultation) has become a purposeful and planned dimension of policy development in most Australian jurisdictions since the 1980s. Two main reasons for this development are elaborated: the instrumental arguments about programme improvement and effectiveness, and the normative arguments about democratic legitimacy and rights to civic participation. The role of government‐sponsored processes for civic engagement is contrasted with the proliferation of new media and independent civil‐society forums available for commentary and advocacy. Key distinctions are drawn between various processes and methods of civic engagement in Australia, raising issues about the scope and authenticity of participation on different types of issues. There are specific challenges of involvement by and for indigenous communities, and the special needs of remote communities whose level of social and economic exclusion remains seriously depressed. The conclusions raise some implications for policy development and for state legitimacy arising from impoverished forms of civic engagement. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Searching for contracting patterns over time: Do prime contractor and subcontractor relations follow similar patterns for professional services provision?
Authors: Ponomariov Branco , Kingsley Gordon , Boardman Craig 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper compares over a 12‐year period (1) patterns of contracting between a state transportation agency and its prime contractors providing engineering design services with (2) patterns between these prime contractors and their subcontractors. We find evidence of different contracting patterns at each level that emerge over time and coexist in the same contracting context. While patterns at the agency–prime level are characterized by repeated contracts, patterns at the prime–sub level indicate fewer repeats and more contractor turnover. Implications for outsourcing practice and theory are discussed. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.