bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of airplane travel on women treated for breast cancer.
Authors: Kilbreath S , Ward L , Lane K , McNeely M , Williams E , McKenzie D , Refshauge K , Peddle C , Battersby K 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #1119
Background: Many patient materials promulgate lifestyle adaptations purported to minimize risk of lymphedema. One factor often mentioned is development or exacerbation of lymphedema due to airplane travel. The aim of this study was to describe prospectively the effect of airplane travel on women treated for breast cancer, traveling to Caloundra, Qld., Australia to attend a dragon boat regatta.&#x2028; Methods: Pre and post data were obtained from 63 women traveling from Canada to Australia, and from 12 women traveling within Australia. 54% were treated for breast cancer on their dominant side, 63% underwent mastectomy with or without reconstruction, 77% underwent axillary node dissection, and 21% wore a compression sleeve during flight; 94% trained at a moderate to vigorous intensity for the regatta. Single frequency bioimpedance analysis (BIA; XCA; Impedimed Inc.®) was used to determine the inter-limb difference in upper limb extracellular fluid. BIA is highly reliable and has high sensitivity and specificity for increased extracellular fluid accumulation. Change in ratio &gt;0.05 for women without lymphoedema is of clinical significance. Women were measured within 2 weeks of their flight to Caloundra, immediately on arrival in Caloundra, and for 46 women, within 6 weeks of return to Canada.&#x2028; Results: Airplane travel did not have a significant effect on the upper limb BIA ratio, either between the pre and post flight (t75= -0.355; p=0.72) or between the pre and follow-up measures (t44=.241; p=0.811).&#x2028; &#x2028; Overall, the BIA post ratio increased from the pre measure by ≤0.02 in 48 women; 0.02 to &lt;0.05 in 12 women; 0.05 to &lt;0.10 in 10 women; and &gt;0.10 in 5 women (Fig 1). In Figure 1, symbols in grey-shaded area represents women who did not have lymphedema prior to flight but presented with it post flight and the dashed lines indicate previously established cut-offs for criteria for detection of lymphedema. Dotted line on each graph is the line of agreement. The 6 symbols in the grey shaded area (Fig 1) represent women from the international group; their change in BIA ranged from 0.05 to 0.28. Follow-up measures were available on 5 of these women, and indicated that 4 were below the cut-offs for lymphedema. All 6 women had undergone mastectomy and axillary clearance of their lymph nodes and for 5, surgery was on their dominant side. Only 3 of the women wore a compressive sleeve on the plane.&#x2028; Discussion: For the majority of women who undertake moderate to vigorous upper limb exercise, airplane travel did not have a significant impact on extracellular fluid ratio. Acknowledgment: Impedimed for funding and equipment.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1119.
Behavioral change in African American breast cancer survivors: results and challenges.
Authors: Young RF , Zora D , Deutsch-Keahey D 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #1126
Background: African American breast cancer survivors have higher cancer mortality and greater prevalence of health risk behaviors than Caucasians. They are appropriate candidates for a behavioral intervention but few lifestyle change studies focus exclusively on this population.&#x2028; Methods: 37 breast cancer survivors enrolled in a healthy living study that sought to implement a comprehensive lifestyle and breast care intervention to an African American target population. The 12-month intervention included behavioral change classes and individualized telephone counseling. Questionnaires and anthropometric measurement determined diet, exercise, cancer history and care, and psychosocial characteristics (quality of life on FACT-G; breast cancer and obesity awareness; self-efficacy). At entry subjects averaged: 60 yrs. Of age; 7 yrs. Post-breast cancer diagnosis; 190 lbs. Body weight; BMI = 32; 5.1 fruit/vegetable servings daily; 48% diagnosed at cancer stage I; 33% calories from fat in diet.&#x2028; Results: 68% completed the 12-month study. Subjects who attended &lt;2 of 8 class sessions had higher BMI at intake (p &lt; .05). Oldest subjects were less likely to complete the study (p &lt;.05). Behavioral changes at 4-months (after 8 classes) were: +3.5 hrs. weekly exercise; -2.37 % fat in diet; - 1 lb. weight. 12-month outcomes (after telephone counseling) were: average weight loss 1.44 lbs; small reduction in BMI; rise in moderate or more physical activity; improved cancer and obesity awareness; improved FACT-G scores (p = .07); reduced self efficacy for behavioral change (p &lt; .05) as subjects realized the implications of improving eating and exercise habits. Neither length of time since cancer diagnosis nor age effected the extent of behavioral change.&#x2028; Discussion: African American breast cancer survivors entered, and many completed, a intensive health behavior intervention. Overall, study completers improved their exercise behavior, food choices, and lost a modest amount of weight. Some early changes (4 months) were sustained over 12 months. Subjects with higher BMIs at entry provided the most challenge; they attended fewer class sessions and were less likely to lose weight.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1126.
NCIC CTG MA.17: hormone receptor expression of in-breast recurrences and contralateral primary breast cancers arising on aromatase inhibitors.
Authors: Moy B , Tu D , Shepherd LE , Palmer MJ , Ingle JN , Goss PE 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #1134
Background: The selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) tamoxifen and raloxifene reduce the risk of ER+ (but not ER-) invasive breast cancers in healthy women at high risk for developing breast cancer. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) given as adjuvant therapy to treatment-naïve or post-tamoxifen patients significantly reduce the risk of in-breast recurrences (IBRs) and contralateral breast cancers (CBCs) and are currently in clinical trials for breast cancer prevention (NCIC CTG MAP.3 and IBIS-II). It is hypothesized that SERMS inhibit promotion of ER+ breast cancer whereas AIs may reduce both ER+ and ER- breast cancer by inhibiting both tumor initiation and promotion. Little is known about the characteristics of IBRs and CBCs that arise on AI therapy. We present the ER/PR expression and clinicopathologic features of IBRs and CBCs that occurred on MA.17.&#x2028; Methods: We examined ER/PR status of IBRs and CBCs that arose on letrozole vs. placebo among women enrolled in MA.17, a placebo-controlled (PLAC) trial of letrozole (LET) following 5 years of tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early stage breast cancer.&#x2028; Results: Seventy-one patients (pts) developed an IBR and 87 developed a CBC on trial. Consistent with results previously reported, fewer IBRs (LET 20 vs PLAC 51) and CBCs (LET 35 vs PLAC 52) were observed in the LET group. ER and PR status is currently available on 35 women with an IBR and 39 with a CBC. The majority of IBRs were ER+ in both the LET and PLAC groups (10/11 [91%] vs 18/24 [75%], respectively; p=NS) but numbers of both ER+ and – IBRs were less in LET group, suggesting that letrozole may decrease both ER+ and ER- IBRs. CBCs that arose on PLAC were more likely to be ER+ than on LET (16/22 [73%] vs 6/19 pts [32%], respectively; p=0.01), suggesting that letrozole predominantly prevents ER+ CBCs. Discordance in ER expression between primary breast cancer and IBRs among women randomized to LET vs. PLAC was observed in 1/11 [9%] and 6/24 [26%] women respectively (p=NS) and between primary breast cancer and CBCs in 12/18 pts [67%] vs. 6/21 [29%] women respectively (p=0.01). Other clinicopathologic characteristics such as grade, tumor size, PR, HER-2/neu, and nodal status of IBRs and CBCs will be presented at the meeting.&#x2028; Conclusion: Extended adjuvant endocrine therapy with letrozole results in fewer IBRs and CBCs compared with placebo as previously reported. Our data suggests that letrozole may decrease both ER+ and ER- IBRs. Letrozole appears to prevent ER+ CBCs but has little or no apparent effect on the development of ER- CBCs. These results need confirmation in the primary prevention trials of AIs.&#x2028; &#x2028;
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1134.
Administrative claims: a novel approach in monitoring long term adherence to anti-hormonal therapy in breast cancer.
Authors: Meguerditchian AN , Watroba N , Roistacher J , Stewart A , Cropp M , Edge SB 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #1135
Background:&#x2028; Anti-hormonal therapy (AHT) is a key component of therapy that improves survival in breast cancer. However, many women do not complete the prescribed treatment course. There is currently limited reliable information regarding long-term adherence to AHT. We hypothesize that health payer administrative claims for prescription benefits may allow more reliable monitoring of AHT use.&#x2028; Methods:&#x2028; Claims for women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2001 and 2003 from a single insurance carrier covering about 1/3 of the regional population were matched to disease stage and treatment information from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) for women treated at NCDB hospitals in Western New York. Claims were searched for AHT drugs identified by National Drug Codes (NDC). Start date, end date, type of agent, switch in drugs, patterns of discontinuation, and dates of insurance coverage eligibility were recorded. A compliance index was attributed to each patient, reflecting the ratio of AHT claims identified, over the ideal number of claims that should have been recorded based on treatment start date.&#x2028; Results: &#x2028; AHT was initiated in 230 women at a median of 165 days from breast cancer diagnosis. Stage was 0: 3.5%; I: 54.3%; II: 33.4%; III: 7%; unknown: &lt;2%. Tamoxifen was the first AHT agent in 66.5% of cases. A switch in agents occurred in 36.1% women. There was a gap in prescription renewal in 57% of patients. The average gap length was 5.9 months. The maximum gap duration was 1 month in 27% of cases; however 16% of patients had a treatment gap of 6 months or more. The annual compliance rate for the study population was 79.6%, 60.9%, 52.7%, 24.1% and 6.9% for each of the 5 consecutive years of treatment. After adjusting for time from start of AHT, the compliance index was ≤0.66 in 50% of women. Less than 20% of patients had an index of 1.0 .&#x2028; Discussion: &#x2028; Administrative claims data combined with cancer stage data proved to be effective at defining gaps in use of AHT among breast cancer patients. By applying this strategy, we found that over 50% of women treated with AHT had gaps in treatment averaging 6 months. The annual compliance rate to AHT decreased steadily over each of the 5 years of treatment. Real time monitoring of administrative claims for patients who start AHT can identify those who discontinue treatment and may allow counseling on side effects and benefits and improve treatment compliance and outcome.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1135.
Health-related quality-of-life and psychological distress of postmenopausal breast cancer patients after surgery during the randomized trial, N-SAS BC 03, comparing further tamoxifen with switching to anastrozole after adjuvant tamoxifen for 1 to 4 years: the final results.
Authors: Ohsumi S , Shimozuma K , Ohashi Y , Nomura Y , Aihara T , Takatsuka Y 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #1136
Backgroud: Three years ago, we reported the interim results regarding heath-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes of the patients who switched their adjuvant endocrine therapy from several years of tamoxifen (TAM) to anastrozole (ANA) and those who had TAM for a total of 5 years in the randomized trial, National Surgical Adjuvant Study of Breast Cancer (NSAS BC) 03. We present the final results of HRQOL and psychological distress in the NSAS BC 03.&#x2028; Patients and Methods: Recurrence-free postmenopausal breast cancer patients who had received definitive surgery for hormone receptor positive breast cancer, and had been taking TAM for 1 to 4 years after the surgery were enrolled in the randomized trial: N-SAS BC 03. They were randomly assigned to continue TAM for the remaining periods of a total of 5 years or to switch from TAM to ANA and take the latter for the remaining periods. Primary endpoints of the N-SAS BC 03 trial were disease-free survival and adverse events. HRQOL and psychological distress were evaluated as secondary endpoints. They were asked to answer patient-administered instruments to assess HRQOL (FACT-B [breast cancer scale] and FACT-ES [endocrine symptom scale]) and psychological distress (CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale) at the randomization (baseline), 3 months, 1 and 2 years after the randomization. HRQOL and psychological distress scores during this period were compared using t-test and the general linear model with correlated errors.&#x2028; Results: There was no difference in demographic and medical characteristics between the two treatment groups. The response rates of the questionnaires were 98.6%, 97.2%, 90.9% and 78.5% at baseline, 3 months, 1 and 2 years after the randomization, respectively. At baseline 694 patients (346 in the TAM group and 348 in the ANA group) answered them. The total scores of FACT-G, and FACT-ES and the scores of FACT-G physical well-being (PWB) subscale were statistically significantly better in the TAM group than in the ANA group (P = 0.042, 0.038, and 0.005, respectively) after the randomization, while those of FACT-B in the former were marginally better than those in the latter (P= 0.066). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups for the scores of CES-D, and subscales other than PWB of FACT-G, FACT-B, and FACT-ES.&#x2028; Conclusions: Further TAM treatment after adjuvant TAM for 1 to 4 years may provide postmenopausal breast cancer patients with slightly better HRQOL comparing with switching to ANA.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1136.
Effects of denosumab treatment in breast cancer patients with bone metastases and elevated bone resorption levels after therapy with intravenous bisphosphonates: results of a phase 2 randomized trial.
Authors: Gralow J , Lipton A , Fizazi K , Gao G , Jun S , Yeh H 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #1155
Background: Patients with breast cancer-induced bone disease and elevated urine-N-telopeptide (uNTx), a marker of bone resorption, are at increased risk for skeletal complications, disease progression, and death. Receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) mediates osteoclastic bone resorption. Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, inhibits bone destruction by binding and neutralizing RANKL. Denosumab efficacy and safety were assessed in a phase 2, randomized, open-label, active-controlled trial in patients with bone metastases and elevated levels of uNTx after at least 8 weeks of intravenous (IV) bisphosphonate (BP) therapy. We report results in a subset of patients with breast cancer.&#x2028; Methods: Cancer patients with bone metastases and uNTx &gt;50 nM/mM creatinine [Cr] following at least 8 weeks of IV BP therapy were randomized to continue IV BP therapy every 4 weeks (Q4W) or switch to subcutaneous (SC) denosumab injection (180 mg) Q4W or every 12 weeks (Q12W). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved uNTx &lt;50 nM/mM at week 13. Safety was also assessed.&#x2028; Results: The study population (N = 111) included 46 patients (41%) with breast cancer; the median time since diagnosis of bone metastases was approximately 1 year in both groups. At week 13, 76% of denosumab-treated patients and 33% of IV BP-treated patients had uNTx &lt; 50 nM/mM. Denosumab-induced suppression of uNTx was rapid (as early as 2 weeks after initial treatment), sustained through week 25, and unaffected by baseline uNTx (Table). In the total study population, adverse events of grade 3, 4, or 5 were reported in 25 (71%) IV BP-treated patients and 40 (55%) denosumab-treated patients.&#x2028; &#x2028; Discussion: Denosumab reduced bone turnover in breast cancer patients with bone metastases and elevated uNTx despite prior IV BP therapy. Phase 3 trials of denosumab in cancer patients with bone metastases are in progress.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1155.
Knockdown of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 expression in murine mammary cancer cells leads to an increase in tumor growth and bone metastasis.
Authors: Nasrazadani A , Mitra S , Van Den Berg C 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #1156
The c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) family of proteins are involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis depending on the specific isoform, cell type, and activating stimuli. The JNK proteins are known as the predominant c-Jun kinases, resulting in AP-1 activation and increased expression of AP-1 transcriptional targets. More specifically, it has been reported that osteoclast differentiation is impaired in jnk1-/- mice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether expression of JNK1 in cancer cells will influence the bone microenvironment during metastatic growth. The 4T1.2 murine mammary cancer cell line was studied as an established model for mammary cancer mediated bone metastasis. Using a JNK1α1 shRNA approach, we observed 75% reduction in expression Orthotopic injection of the shJNK1α1 cells into the mammary fat pad of Balb/c mice significantly increased tumor growth rates and shortened survival compared to the respective empty vector cell line (p&lt;0.0001). Similarly, intra-cardiac injection of the shJNK1α1 cells led to a significant decrease in survival (p=0.003) and an increase in incidence of metastatic lesions in the ribcage (p=0.04). Serum levels of Cathepsin K were assayed as an indicator of bone resorption and was significantly higher in the mice injected with the knockdown cells compared to empty vector controls (p=0.03). Finally, immunohistochemical analysis of bone lesions showed higher expression of ADAM (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase) 10 suggesting that the more aggressive phenotype observed with the shJNK1a1 cells may be attributed to the increase in ADAM10 protein expression. Previous studies have shown that ADAM10 that cleaves RANKL into its active soluble form. Further, RANKL expression has been reported to be elevated in breast carcinomas, resulting in osteolysis during metastasis. Indeed our qPCR analysis detected an approximate 2 fold increase in RANKL levels in the shJNK1α1 cells, consistent with this assertion. In summary, these data support that reduction in JNK1a1 expression enhances bone metastasis and ADAM10 expression. We hypothesize that increased RANKL cleavage by ADAM 10 allows RANKL to bind its receptors expressed on nearby osteoclasts further perpetuating the vicious cycle of bone metastasis. These data suggest that bone metastasis may be controlled by inhibiting ADAM10 activity to reduce RANKL induced osteolysis and tumor progression.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1156.
Suppression of bone resorption from odanacatib, a cathepsin K inhibitor, in women with bone metastases from breast cancer, and the effect of concomitant anti-neoplastic treatment on efficacy: a 4-week, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Jensen AB , Wynne C , Ramirez G , Antje L , Nina O , Mehta A , Wang H , He W , Song Y , Berd Y , Lombardi A 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Abstract #1157
Background: In breast cancer patients with metastatic bone disease (MBD), an osteolytic process releases factors that sustain tumor cell survival and proliferation. Cathepsin (Cat) K inhibition suppresses osteolysis in preclinical models of MBD. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of odanacatib, a potent and reversible selective Cat K inhibitor, in reducing markers of bone resorption in women with breast cancer and MBD depending on concomitant anti-neoplastic treatment.&#x2028; Materials and Methods: Women with breast cancer and MBD were randomized (double-blind) to oral odanacatib 5 mg daily for 4 weeks or IV zoledronic acid (ZA) 4 mg given once at study initiation. Bone resorption was assessed by urinary N-telopeptide of type I collagen corrected for creatinine (uNTx). A post-hoc analysis of the influence of concomitant therapy (chemotherapy vs hormone therapy) on study medication effects on uNTx was also conducted. Adverse events (AE) were monitored throughout the 4-week study and up to 14 days after last dose.&#x2028; Results: 43 patients (mean age 60 yrs) received odanacatib (n=29) or ZA (n=14); 40 patients completed all 4 weeks of treatment. 12 (41%) and 17 (59%) patients on odanacatib and 6 (46%) and 7 (54%) patients on ZA received chemotherapy or hormone therapy, respectively; one patient was on both co-therapies and one patient on ZA was not on concomitant therapy. Results for the effect of study medication on uNTx as well as the effects of concomitant therapy on each treatment group are shown in the table; results for the full analysis set were similar. The most common reported AEs were nausea, vomiting, headache, and bone pain, and generally not attributed to study drug.&#x2028; Conclusions: In women with breast cancer and MBD, the Cat K inhibitor, odanacatib, suppressed markers of bone resorption after 4 weeks of treatment. Mean uNTx was decreased in both treatment groups. The effect on biomarkers observed in this study was seen irrespective of concomitant anti-neoplastic treatment. Odanacatib was generally safe and well tolerated. These results suggest that Cat K inhibition is a potentially important, novel therapeutic approach for treating MBD.&#x2028; &#x2028;
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1157.